bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Speed Tracer Analysis of Metabolism (HS-TrAM)
Authors: Smith Thomas Brendan , Patel Kamlesh , Munford Haydn , Peet Andrew , Tennant Daniel A. , Jeeves Mark , Ludwig Christian 
Published: August 2018

Tracing the fate of stable isotopically-enriched nutrients is a sophisticated method of describing and quantifying the activity of metabolic pathways. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers high resolution data in terms of resolving metabolic pathway utilisation. Despite this, NMR spectroscopy is under-utilised due to length of time required to collect the data, quantification requiring multiple samples and complicated analysis. Here we present two techniques, quantitative spectral filters and enhancement of the splitting of 13C signals due to homonuclear 13C,13C or heteronuclear 13C,15N J-coupling in 1H,13C-HSQC NMR spectra. Together, these allow the rapid collection of NMR spectroscopy data in a quantitative manner on a single sample. The reduced duration of HSQC spectra data acquisition opens up the possibility of real-time tracing of metabolism including the study of metabolic pathways in vivo. We show how these techniques can be used to trace the fate of labelled nutrients in a whole organ model of kidney preservation prior to transplantation using a porcine kidney as a model organ. In addition, we show how the use of multiple nutrients, differentially labelled with 13C and 15N, can be used to provide additional information with which to profile metabolic pathways.
Effect of different impression methods and ceramic materials on adaptation of inlays
Authors: Rippe Marília Pivetta , Guerra Elen , Coelho Arianne Vallim Pinto , Anami Lilian Costa , Marinho Renata Marques de Melo , Bottino Marco Antonio , Valandro Luiz Felipe 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal and marginal adaptation of inlays fabricated from different types of impressions (conventional and digital) and different ceramics (feldspathic and lithium disilicate). Material and Methods: Forty premolars were prepared for all-ceramic inlay restoration and assigned to 4 groups (n=10), according to the impression method (conventional with addition silicone and digital impressions) and ceramic type (lithium disilicate and feldspathic ceramic blocks). For each type of impression, 10 inlays were fabricated from lithium disilicate blocks and the other 10 from feldspathic ceramic blocks, by means of the CAD-CAM system. The internal adaptation was analyzed by replica. The marginal fit was analyzed under a stereomicroscope by directly measuring the gap formed between the inlay and the tooth in the proximal and occlusal regions. Results: The marginal or internal adaptations were not affected by type of impression (conventional = digital impression), irrespective of the ceramic type. Only the internal adaptation was affected by material, i.e., feldspathic ceramic had lower values than disilicate ceramic, when considering the digital impression. Conclusion: The conventional and digital impressions promote similar marginal and internal adaptation of tested feldspathic and disilicate ceramic inlays. For digital impression the feldspathic ceramic showed better internal adaptation than lithium disilicate. KeywordsCeramics; Dental internal adaptation; Dental marginal adaptation; Dental impression technique.
Effect of thermocycling aging on the flexural strength of feldspathic ceramic
Authors: Carvalho Ronaldo Lúís Almeida de , Kimpara Estevão Tomomitsu , Bresciani Eduardo , Valera Márcia Carneiro , Melo Renata Marques 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of aging through different thermocycling protocols on the flexural strength of a feldspathic ceramic. Material and Methods: Fifty ceramic bars, Vitablock Mark II (VITA), with dimensions of 18X4X2mm were prepared. The bars were randomly distributed to the groups (n = 10), which were defined according to the number of thermal cycles (TCy): G0 - no TCy; G500 - 500 cycles of TCy; G6000 - 6000 TCy; G10000 - 10000 TCy; G15000 - 15000 TCy. After aging, the specimens were subjected to the three point bending test in a universal testing machine (EMIC DL 1000), under 0.5mm/min speed and loading of 50kgf, until catastrophic failure. A sample of each group was evaluated for topographic morphology under Scanning Electron Microscopy. Results: For mechanical testing, the following mean values and standard deviation (MPa) were obtained: G0 (99.78 ± 5.07); G500 (101.64 ± 5.59); G6000 (98.13 ± 4.95); G10000 (91.77 ± 9.68); G15000 (101.51 ± 4.22). An analysis of variance by regression equation (p = 0.387) was performed, demonstrating a weak and non-significant correlation between flexural strength and number of thermal cycles. Conclusion: It can be concluded that aging in water solely by different numbers of temperature cycles did not influence on the flexural strength of a feldspathic ceramic. Keywords Material resistance; Aging; Ceramics.
Mineral exchange between dentin pre-tretament with Dolomite powder on demineralized dentin in deciduous molars
Authors: Dias Gisele Fernandes , Alves Fabiana B. T. , Samways Daphynne M , Santos Fabio André dos 
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in microhardness and mineral profiles in sound and demineralized dentin of primary molars after treatment with powdered dolomite (DMT) followed by glass ionomer cement (GIC) restoration. 32 decidous molars were selected and randomly assigned to four groups according to dentin pre-treatment and dentin condition. Class I cavities were prepared in 32 decidous molars, equally divided into groups G1 (sound dentin) and G2 (demineralized dentin). This in vitro study examined the mechanical and chemical exchange under two conditions: sound and demineralized dentin (pH cycling) to simulate the mineral loss occurs for the caries lesion.The 16-tooth (G1DMT, G2DMT) received first topical application of DMT and restoration of high viscosity GIC. The 16 teeth assigned to the groups (G1 and G2) were restored only with GIC. The specimens were sliced and prepared for Knoop hardness test (KHN), Micro Raman and FEG microhardness analysis. The statiscal analysis used ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test at a significance level of 5%. Micro Raman and FEG data were qualitatively described. DMT associated with GIC resulted incresead microhardness values of the demineralized dentin substrate, with positive repercussions of the chemical-mechanical properties of the dentin demineralized.Keywords Dental caries; Dentin; Glass ionomer cement.
Clinical performance of class I occlusal composite resin restorations: a multicenter double-blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: De Veras Bruno Mendonça Lucena , Menezes Geórgia Pires dos Santos , Barros Hugo Leonardo Mendes , Rocha Marcelya Chrystian Moura , Monteiro Aditonio de Carvalho , Pedrosa Marlus da Silva , Pompeu José Guilherme Férrer , Prado Júnior Raimundo Rosendo , Da Silva Cláudio Heliomar Vicente 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the 6-month clinical performance of class I occlusal composite resin restorations through a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Material e Métodos: Two hundred and eighty class I occlusal restorations were performed in 70 patients (aged between 17 to 50 years). The restorations were divided into four groups: G1 (Filtek P60/3M ESPE); G2 (Rok/SDI); G3 (Filtek™ P90/3M ESPE); G4 (Evolux/Dentsply). Two pre-calibrated dental practitioners performed and evaluated the restorative procedures regarding to color match, marginal discoloration, recurrent caries, wear (anatomic form) and marginal integrity according to the USPHS criteria. Resultados: In 85.8% of the evaluated restorations was observed the ideal score (A) for color match; 91.4% for marginal discoloration; 100% for recurrent caries; 87.7% for wear (anatomic form) and 99.3% for marginal integrity. Conclusion: The composite resins used in this study presented satisfactory and similar clinical performance in a 6-month clinical evaluation.KeywordsDentistry; Composite resins; Permanent dental restoration; Molar; Bicuspid.
Music Theory, Mathematics, and Patterns of Innovation in the Saṅgītaratnākara
Authors: Petrocchi Alessandra 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between textuality and mathematics in the Saṅgītaratnākara, a Sanskrit work on music composed in the thirteenth century by Śārṅgadeva. Within the traditional Sanskrit knowledge system on musicology, the Saṅgītaratnākara can be regarded as a seminal work, given the commentaries it has inspired and the innovative features it contains. I shall explore some textual aspects which, in Medieval India, have contributed to establish the authority of this text and whose significance can be traced in later works. Among these are types of verbalization and mathematical procedures whose role, I shall argue, is entirely theoretical. In the Saṅgītaratnākara, calculations and diagrams underline an innovative language of musical speculation, as well as the relationship between theory and practice and the shaping influence of other śāstric traditions. The set of conventions which are based on a vocabulary and methods shared with other technical literatures, particularly prosody and mathematics, attests the variety of literary practices introduced by Śārṅgadeva. I shall argue that this text builds up a code whose aim and function are not necessarily musicological in character. Although orality clearly retains its special status as the archetype of learning, Śārṅgadeva’s contribution manifests the autonomy of literature on saṅgīta as an “art” which constitutes an independent sphere of activity, defining its own rules, and adhering to its own criteria of value.
Meanings Out of Rules. Definitions, Functions and Uses of Paribhāṣās in Śrautasūtras, Gṛhyasūtras, Vyākaraṇa, Mīmāṃsā and Vedānta
Authors: Pellegrini Gianni 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The study of the concept of meta-language, meta-linguistic devices, meta-rules and hermeneutic rules is pivotal to understand the linguistic as well as philosophical development of Indian textual history. While writing their works, the authors recur to linguistic, lexical, stylistic and doctrinal peculiarities. Sometime, in order to facilitate the reading, the authors themselves insert into their treatises some hermeneutical rules concerning concepts and technical terms. When such insertions are not present, it is likely to find signs, suggestions or abbreviations referring to those interpretative tools. All these devices are collectively called paribhāṣās. The word of paribhāṣā variously translated as “meta-rule”, “interpretative-rule”, “hermeneutic-key”, “indication”, “technical definition” has been very scarcely investigated within the history of Indology. This is a proposal of a series of 6 articles, an introduction and a series of abstracts and biodata of the authors.
Entwicklungen in der Darstellung Buddhistischer Erzählstoffe in Sri Lanka
Authors: Koch Rolf Heinrich 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
With this article I would like to draw attention to Buddhist murals in the southwest of Sri Lanka where a spirited artistic scene has developed during the revival of Buddhism (18th century). The artists produced mainly murals which depict the Life of Gautama Buddha (Buddhacarita) and his previous lifes (Jātaka). The construction of these paintings changed dramatically at the end of the 19th century, when the traditional continuing and two-dimensional style was displaced by a central perspective and single framed mode of painting. As an example I introduce an episode from the Ummagga-Jātaka, which is illustrated with all details in four monasteries and thereby covering the various painting styles. To show how closely the artists followed the written sources I provide the corresponding Sinhalese text by contrast with the Pali wording. During that period the knowledge of Sinhala among the members of the Sinhalese elites was at a loss and urban artists had to consult English renderings of Buddhist sources for the proper illustration of particular narratives. Regarding our episode from the Ummagga-Jātaka an essential error has crept into Chalmers English translation which is finally reflected in all murals of the 20th century.
Hell as “Eternal” Punishment? On the Depiction of Hell in Vīlhojī’s Kathā Gyāncarī
Authors: Kempe-Weber Susanne 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper engages with the literature of the Biśnoī Sampradāya, a religious tradition that emerged in the fifteenth century in Rajasthan and traces itself back to the Sant Jāmbhojī. The paper specifically examines a composition of the sixteenth-seventeenth century poet-saint and head of the tradition Vīlhojī. His Kathā Gyāncarī is a unique composition among the corpus of Biśnoi literature with regard to its genre, style and content. The text revolves around the consequences of one’s actions after death, particularly punishment in hell. This paper aims to illustrate that the Kathā Gyāncarī depicts suffering in hell as the eternal consequence of committing sins or crimes, which is unique not only for Biśnoī literature, but for Sant literature in general. It argues that the depiction of hell as eternal punishment was used as a rhetorical strategy at a time the Biśnoī Sampradāya faced intense difficulties. In another vein, this depiction of hell could indicate the Biśnoīs’ close connection to the Indian Shi’a community of the Nizārī Ismā’īlīs. This is reflected not only in the Kathā Gyāncarī’s function of hell as a eternal punishment for disbelievers and sinners, but also in the soteriological role of the teacher or guru as well as in the appearance of various Nizārī figures and motives in the text. In either way picturing hell as eternal suffering serves to amplify the authority of the Biśnoī teachers and the supremacy of the Biśnoī religious doctrine.
The paribhāṣās in the Śrautasūtras: Problems, Opportunities and Premises for an Investigation
Authors: Chierichetti Pietro 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
What is a paribhāṣā? How does it work in Śrautasūtra-texts? This paper tries to examine these questions and to trace a story of the paribhāṣās in the Śrautasūtras, giving some indications for future researches. Often translated as “meta-rule”, paribhāṣā is a primary derivative from the Sanskrit root “bhāṣ”, which means “to talk”, with the prefix “pari”, which means “around”, “beyond”. The term indicates a specific discourse “around” or “beyond” something. Therefore, it represents the link with the context, a hybrid element placed between text and context. A paribhāṣā is an explanation, an element around discourse that acts as a frame for what is said: it is a rule that is valid in a wider context than that of the object under analysis, that goes “beyond” discourse. It is a unique opportunity to glance at the ritual in itself, at the “ritual string”, in opposition to every “discourse of the ritual”. This rule’s validity is put into effect through the other rules expressed within the text, in other words it is a meta-rule. However, the subject of the relationship between paribhāṣās and the texts of the śruti is still uncharted territory: the categorizations that have so far been suggested are weak or not useful, and need stronger foundations. The present paper pretends to be a first step in this direction.
… And What about the Vedānta Paribhāṣā’s paribhāṣātva? Some hypotheses on the use of paribhāṣās in later Advaita Vedānta
Authors: Pellegrini Gianni 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This contribution re-analyses some standpoints of the notion of paribhāṣā through the looking glass of later Advaita Vedānta. The article is limited to single text, namely Dharmarāja Adhvarīndra’s (17th–XVIIIth century) Vedānta Paribhāṣā. This text does not present the peculiarities of earlier paribhāṣās, hence the title paribhāṣā somehow assumes a sense closer to “Elucidation” or “Manual”. Nevertheless, placing Vedānta Paribhāṣā within a wider historical and philosophical milieu, an attempt is made to investigate the reasons why Dharmarāja willingly chooses such an evocative title, which is solidly rooted on a technical background. Further, the paper proposes some hypothesis and case-studies concerning Dharmarāja’s understanding of paribhāṣā.
Determination of the In Vitro Gas Production and Potential Feed Value of Olive, Mulberry and Sour Orange Tree Leaves
Authors: Olfaz Mustafa , Kilic Unal , Boga Mustafa , Abdi Abdiwali Mohamoud 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the potential nutritive value andin vitrogas production (IVGP) parameters ofOlea europaea L. (Olive = OL),Morus alba L. (Mulberry = ML) andCitrus aurantium L. (Sour orange = SOL) tree leaves. Hohenheim gas test was used to determine thein vitrogas productions of the leaves. The gas production of samples over time was recorded for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after incubation. Completely Randomized Design was used to compare gas production, and gas production kinetics of samples. The findings of the present study suggested that there were differences among the tree leaves in terms of crude protein, NDF,in vitrogas productions, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolisable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL) and relative feed values (RFV) (P<0.01). ML had the highest condensed tannin contents (P<0.05),in vitrogas production (IVGP), OMD and energy values (P<0.01). SOL had highest RFV values. OL showed the lowest IVGP when compared to SOL and ML. Low NDF and ADF contents of SOL would probably increase the voluntary intake, digestibility and relative feed values of these leaves by ruminants. In conclusion, it was determined that OL, ML and SOL used in the study have lowin vitrogas production and can be utilized as alternative roughage feed in ruminants. However, it is recommended that the results obtained from this research should be tested inin vivostudies.
Shading by invasive seaweeds reduces photosynthesis of maerl from the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain)
Authors: Cobacho Sara P. , Navarro Luis , Pedrol Nuria , Sánchez José M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The overgrowth and shading of several alien species along the European Atlantic coast are expected to reduce photosynthesis of maerl, decreasing its growth and fitness. In this work, three shade levels (0, 20 and 50%) were set up under laboratory conditions to simulate different competitive scenarios potentially affecting maerl beds. Live individuals of Sargassum muticum and Undaria pinnatifida were placed over maerl cultures, and the effects of shading were assessed by chlorophyll a fluorescence using a pulse-modulated fluorescence monitoring system. Photosystem II efficiency was measured as the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm) as a proxy for the stress experienced by maerl. According to our data, irradiance reduction results in a small, yet significant, impact on the PSII efficiency of maerl, which could have fitness consequences.
Carbon nanomaterials based on interpolyelectrolyte complex lignosulfonate-chitosan
Authors: Brovko Olga , Palamarchuk Irina , Bogolitsyn Konstantin , Bogdanovich Nikolay , Ivakhnov Artem , Chukhchin Dmitriy , Khviuzova Kristina , Valchuk Natalia 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A new approach to the formation of “fullerene-like” carbon-nitrogen carbogels based on the interpolyelectrolyte complex lignosulfonate-chitosan (IPEC LSNa-CT) was developed. It was established that carbogel maintained the morphology of the precursor complex, i.e. the spherical geometry and the particle size of its main fractions (40–55 nm) were stored in the carbonizate. The influence of pyrolysis (Py) temperature was studied in the range of 500–1000°C on the structure of carbonizate. Carbogels obtained under different processing conditions have a well-developed microporous structure. The specific surface area of carbogels reduced with increasing Py temperature according to their nitrogen content. The maximum specific surface area (438.3 m2 g−1) corresponds to the carbogel obtained at 600°C, while the maximum nitrogen content of this sample is 4.4%. The internal porosity of the material and the volume of supermicropores are reduced with increasing Py temperature due to the accumulation of double and triple carbon bonds in the carbogel. Apparently, the structure-forming N-atoms participate in the formation of condensed nitrogen-containing and cyclic structures as a donor of the electron pair and as such they accelerate the carbonization process.
Cutting forces and chip formation revisited based on orthogonal cutting of Scots pine
Authors: Zhu Zhaolong , Buck Dietrich , Ekevad Mats , Marklund Birger , Guo Xiaolei , Cao Pingxiang , Zhu Nanfeng 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to understand better the cutting forces and chip formation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with different moisture contents (MCs) and machined in different cutting directions. To that end, an orthogonal cutting experiment was designed, in which Scots pine was intermittently machined using a tungsten carbide tool to produce chips. The cutting forces were measured and the chip shapes were quantitatively described. Four conclusions can be drawn: (1) with increasing MC, the average cutting forces initially decreased and then stabilized, while the angle between the direction of the main and the resultant force continuously decreased. (2) The average cutting forces in the 90°–0° cutting direction were lower than the same forces in the 90°–90° cutting direction. (3) During machining, the dynamic cutting forces fluctuated less in the 90°–0° case. However, the dynamic feeding forces showed a decreasing trend in both the 90°–0° and the 90°–90° cases. (4) The process applied produced granule chips and flow chips, while less curly flow chips with a higher radius of curvature were more easily produced from samples with high MCs in the 90°–0° cutting direction.
Weakness and Mittag–Leffler Stability of Solutions for Time-Fractional Keller–Segel Models
Authors: Zhou Y. , Manimaran J. , Shangerganesh L. , Debbouche A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We introduce a time-fractional Keller–Segel model with Dirichlet conditions on the boundary and Caputo fractional derivative for the time. The main result shows the existence theorem of the proposed model using the Faedo–Galerkin method with some compactness arguments. Moreover, we prove the Mittag–Leffler stability of solutions of the considered model.
Control of blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Vargas-Uricoechea Hernando , Cáceres-Acosta Manuel Felipe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh blood pressure in patients with diabetes mellitus results in a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. The current evidence regarding the impact of intervention on blood pressure levels (in accordance with a specific threshold) is not particularly robust. Blood pressure control is more difficult to achieve in patients with diabetes than in non-diabetic patients, and requires using combination therapy in most patients. Different management guidelines recommend initiating pharmacological therapy with values >140/90 mm/Hg; however, an optimal cut point for this population has not been established. Based on the available evidence, it appears that blood pressure targets will probably have to be lower than <140/90mmHg, and that values approaching 130/80mmHg should be recommended. Initial treatment of hypertension in diabetes should include drug classes demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular events; i.e., angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, or dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. The start of therapy must be individualized in accordance with the patient's baseline characteristics, and factors such as associated comorbidities, race, and age, inter alia.