bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trophic state (TSISD) and mixing type significantly influence pelagic zooplankton biodiversity in temperate lakes (NW Poland)
Authors: Sługocki Łukasz , Czerniawski Robert 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundLake depth and the consequent mixing regime and thermal structure have profound effects on ecosystem functioning, because depth strongly affects the availability of nutrients, light, and oxygen. All these conditions influence patterns of zooplankton diversity. Zooplankton are a key component of the aquatic environment and are essential to maintaining natural processes in freshwater ecosystems. However, zooplankton biodiversity can be different regard to depth, mixing type and trophic state. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine how depth and mixing regime affect zooplankton diversity in lakes. We also investigated the vertical distribution of diversity across a trophic gradient of lakes.MethodsA total of 329 zooplankton samples from 79 temperate lakes (36 polymictic and 43 dimictic) were collected. The biodiversity of zooplankton was calculated using species richness (SR) and the Shannon index (SI). An index based on Secchi disc visibility was used to determine the trophic state index (TSISD) of lakes. The one-way ANOVA with Duncan’s post hoc test were used to determine differences in zooplankton biodiversity between mictic lake types and thermal layers. To find the best predictors for zooplankton biodiversity a multiple stepwise regression was used. The rarefaction method was used to evaluate the impact of mixing types, thermal layers, and the TSISDon zooplankton biodiversity indices. A Sørensen similarity analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were performed to describe the similarity patterns in species composition among lakes.ResultsWe identified a total of 151 taxa from 36 polymictic and 43 dimictic lakes. Lake depth and the TSISDwere significantly correlated with the biodiversity of lake zooplankton. The results of ANOVA and Duncan tests show that mictic type and thermal zones had a significant effect on zooplankton biodiversity. The rarefaction curve showed significant differences in zooplankton biodiversity, which was greater in lakes with lower trophic state. Ordination by NMDS showed clustering of different mictic types, thermal layers, and composition changes throughout the TSISDprofile. Moreover, we determined that polymictic lakes are more heterogeneous than dimictic lakes in regard to zooplankton similarities.DiscussionBoth mictic lake types were characterized by varying levels of zooplankton biodiversity, which is shaped by the communities’ response to lake depth, thermal layers and TSISDvalues. The zooplankton SR and SI (during daylight hours) depends greatly on the mixing type. Lake type also indicates the importance of the metalimnion in shaping zooplankton biodiversity in dimictic lakes. In addition, data from NW Polish lakes indicated that the increase of the TSISDleads to taxonomic shifts and has a negative effect on the diversity of all groups of zooplankton.
РАЗМЫВ МОРСКИХ БЕРЕГОВ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНОГО САХАЛИНА, "Геоморфология"
Authors: Афанасьев В.В. , УБА А.В. 
Published: October 2018

На основе обработки аэрофото- (залеты 1952, 1974 гг.) и космофотоинформации (2014 и 2015 гг.) с использованием ГИС с последующим анализом графиков спектральной плотности интенсивности размыва определены параметры и охарактеризована пространственная структура размыва берегов СВ Сахалина. Основные закономерности пространственной структуры разрушения берегов данной территории определяются явлениями ритмичности в проявлении процессов размыва. Установлены ритмы размыва с длиной волны 1.3, 2.0, 4.0, 5.6, 8.5, 11.6, 25.6, 64 км. Среднемноголетние скорости размыва нигде не превышают 2 м/год. Максимальные скорости размыва отмечены на участках, которые представляют собой высокие (14-28 м) плейстоценовые террасовые уровни. Для этих же участков характерны максимальные объемы наносов, поступающих ежегодно в береговую зону при размыве берегового уступа протяженностью один метр (5.6-7.7 м3). Высокопорядковая ритмичность процессов размыва (в нашем случае 30-60 км) на выровненных берегах СВ Сахалина связана с устойчивыми зонами дивергенции потоков наносов, характеризующимися пониженным объемом пляжевых отложений. Ритмичность размыва 1.3 км соответствует размерности крупных мегафестонных структур пляжа. Многолетние исследования строения и морфометрии пляжа для целей практического проектирования на берегах о-ва Сахалин позволили сделать вывод о формировании полностью волногасящего профиля на песчано-гравийных пляжах при объеме отложений 70-90 м3 на 1 м протяженности берега. На большей части аккумулятивных берегов о. Сахалин нет дефицита наносов, тем не менее, размыв наблюдается даже при средних значениях объема пляжевых наносов в пределах литодинамических ячеек в 140-150 м3/м. Как показано на примере трех участков со значительными запасами наносов на верхних элементах берегового профиля, размыв таких берегов обусловлен неравномерным распределением пляжевого материала вдоль берега в результате формирования мегафестонов и их систем.
ВЫДАЮЩИЙСЯ РУССКИЙ УЧЕНЫЙ НИКОЛАЙ ИВАНОВИЧ АНДРУСОВ (1861-1924) И ЕГО ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РАБОТЫ, "Геоморфология"
Authors: Чичагов В.П. 
Published: October 2018

Н.И. Андрусов получил образование в России и Австрии, работал в Венском университете, совершил ряд маршрутов с Э. Зюссом, общался с Г.В. Абихом и Циттелем; работал в Загребе, Италии - Венеции, Болоньи, Пизе, Милане, Карсте; в Париже и Румынии. В России работал в университетах Юрьева (Тарту), Петербурга, Одессы, Киева и Симферополя. Проводил полевые исследования в Крыму - долине р. Судак, Керченском полуострове, Тамани; Закаспийских пустынях - Кара-Богаз-Голе, Мангышлаке, Устюрте. В 1890 и 1891 гг. участвовал в двух черноморских, морских экспедициях. Последние - 1913-1918 - годы Н.И. Андрусов работал в Геологическом Комитете в Петербурге и в 1918-1920 гг. в Симферополе, в только что открытом Таврическом университете. Здесь собралась когорта славных, крупных отечественных ученых, таких как В.И. Вернадский - его имя носит ныне Крымский университет в Симферополе, В.А. Обручев, П.П. Сушкин, А.А. Байков, В.И. Палладин, Б.Д. Греков, Г.Н. Высоцкий, В.Л. Рыжков, И.Е. Тамм. А.Ф. Иоффе, Я.И. Френкель, Р.И. Гельвит, Е.В. Вульф, С.П. Попов, В.И. Лучицкий, Н.И. Кузнецов, Д.И. Щербаков и др. Н.И. Андрусов оставил обстоятельные геоморфологические описания районов Крымского полуострова и запада Средней Азии.
LncRNA UCA1 is necessary for TGF‐β‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition and stemness via acting as a ceRNA for Slug in glioma cells
Authors: Li Zongping , Liu Hongyuan , Zhong Qi , Wu Jian , Tang Zhi 
Published: October 2018

The 5‐year survival rate of patients with glioma is < 5%, and therefore there is an urgent need to find novel potential targets for facilitating its diagnosis and treatment. The long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) UCA1 has been shown to promote the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells through regulating miR‐206 expression, but the involvement of UCA1 in regulating the stemness and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of glioma cells is unknown. Here, we report that the expression of UCA1 is significantly increased by transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) treatment in glioma cells and is greater in glioma tissues than in normal adjacent tissues. Additionally, TGF‐β induced EMT and the stemness of glioma cells, whereas knockdown of lncRNA UCA1 attenuated these two processes and their enhancement by TGF‐β. Mechanistically, knockdown of UCA1 decreased Slug expression by acting as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) through competitive binding with miR‐1 and miR‐203a; this effect was further evidenced by the fact that transfection with miR‐1 or miR‐203a inhibitors abrogated the effects of UCA1 knockdown on Slug expression, and UCA1 colocalized with miR‐1 and miR‐203a in glioma tissues. Notably, ectopic expression of Slug rescued the attenuation of UCA1 knockdown on EMT and the stemness of glioma cells. These results indicate that UCA1 may act as a ceRNA to promote Slug expression, which underlies TGF‐β‐induced EMT and stemness of glioma cells.
Spatial Theories/Social Construction of Spaces
Authors: Schroer Markus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn tracing the sociological understanding of space over time, this entry gives an overview of the most important sociological space theories. Key turning points like postmodern and poststructuralist approaches to space are highlighted and put into context. Particular attention is paid to the theories of Georg Simmel, Émile Durkheim, Niklas Luhmann, Manuel Castells, Karl Marx, Henri Lefebvre, Michael Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, and Anthony Giddens and their individual contributions to the sociological space debate. The entry concludes by looking at current deliberations in space sociology and by making recommendations for further theoretical development and empirical application.
Evaluation of offline adaptive planning techniques in image‐guided brachytherapy of cervical cancer
Authors: Liu Han , Kinard James , Maurer Jacqueline , Shang Qingyang , Vanderstraeten Caroline , Hayes Lane , Sintay Benjamin , Wiant David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractModern three‐dimensional image‐guided intracavitary high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy is often used in combination with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to manage cervical cancer. Intrafraction motion of critical organs relative to the HDR applicator in the time between the planning CT and treatment delivery can cause marked deviations between the planned and delivered doses. This study examines offline adaptive planning techniques that may reduce intrafraction uncertainties by shortening the time between the planning CT and treatment delivery. Eight patients who received EBRT followed by HDR boosts were retrospectively reviewed. A CT scan was obtained for each insertion. Four strategies were simulated: (A) plans based on the current treatment day CT; (B) plans based on the first fraction CT; (C) plans based on the CT from the immediately preceding fraction; (D) plans based on the closest anatomically matched previous CT, using all prior plans as a library. Strategies B, C, and D allow plans to be created prior to the treatment day insertion, and then rapidly compared with the new CT. Equivalent doses in 2 Gy for combined EBRT and HDR were compared with online adaptive plans (strategy A) at D90 and D98 for the high‐risk CTV (HR‐CTV), and D2 cc for the bladder, rectum, sigmoid, and bowel. Compared to strategy A, D90 deviations for the HR‐CTV were −0.5 ± 2.8 Gy, −0.9 ± 1.0 Gy, and −0.7 ± 1.0 Gy for Strategies B, C, and D, respectively. D2 cc changes for rectum were 2.7 ± 5.6 Gy, 0.6 ± 1.7 Gy, and 1.1 ± 2.4 Gy for Strategies B, C, and D. With the exception of one patient using strategy B, no notable variations for bladder, sigmoid, and bowel were found. Offline adaptive planning techniques can shorten time between CT and treatment delivery from hours to minutes, with minimal loss of dosimetric accuracy, greatly reducing the chance of intrafraction motion.
A Scalable, High‐Throughput, and Environmentally Benign Approach to Polymer Dielectrics Exhibiting Significantly Improved Capacitive Performance at High Temperatures
Authors: Zhou Yao , Li Qi , Dang Bin , Yang Yang , Shao Tao , Li He , Hu Jun , Zeng Rong , He Jinliang , Wang Qing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHigh‐temperature capability is critical for polymer dielectrics in the next‐generation capacitors demanded in harsh‐environment electronics and electrical‐power applications. It is well recognized that the energy‐storage capabilities of dielectrics are degraded drastically with increasing temperature due to the exponential increase of conduction loss. Here, a general and scalable method to enable significant improvement of the high‐temperature capacitive performance of the current polymer dielectrics is reported. The high‐temperature capacitive properties in terms of discharged energy density and the charge–discharge efficiency of the polymer films coated with SiO2 via plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition significantly outperform the neat polymers and rival or surpass the state‐of‐the‐art high‐temperature polymer nanocomposites that are prepared by tedious and low‐throughput methods. Moreover, the surface modification of the dielectric films is carried out in conjunction with fast‐throughput roll‐to‐roll processing under ambient conditions. The entire fabrication process neither involves any toxic chemicals nor generates any hazardous by‐products. The integration of excellent performance, versatility, high productivity, low cost, and environmental friendliness in the present method offers an unprecedented opportunity for the development of scalable high‐temperature polymer dielectrics.
Space‐Confined Synthesis of 2D All‐Inorganic CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanosheets for Multiphoton‐Pumped Lasing
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Wang Xiaoxia , Shen Yanwei , Luo Ziyu , Li Leigang , Gan Lin , Ma Ying , Li Huiqiao , Pan Anlian , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWith multiphoton‐pumped lasing, 2D all‐inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite nanoplates demonstrate a wide range of applications which results from its high crystalline quality and a nearly perfect naturally formed whispering gallery mode cavity. However, there still remains a difficulty in controllable synthesizing 2D CsPbI3 nanosheets with high crystalline quality. In this work, high‐quality 2D CsPbI3 perovskite nanosheets have been synthesized successfully with controllable morphology through space‐confined vapor‐phase epitaxial growth. More importantly, the morphology and crystalline quality of CsPbI3 perovskite nanosheets could be easily tuned by adjusting the diffusion and growth process achieved by adjusting the space‐confined distance and growth temperature. The typical square‐like CsPbI3 perovskite nanosheets can be as thin as 6.0 nm with a lateral size of 10.0 µm. The photoluminescence emission properties show a distinct dependence on thickness of these as‐grown CsPbI3 perovskite nanosheets. In addition, the as‐fabricated CsPbI3 perovskite nanosheets demonstrate one‐photon and two‐photon excitation‐pumped lasing with low‐threshold and high‐quality factor. The excellent multiphoton‐pumped lasing properties of the CsPbI3 perovskite nanosheets are attributed to their high crystalline quality, implying great promise for future applications in high‐performance optoelectronics.
Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications
Authors: Natarajan Subramanian , Aravindan Vanchiappan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhere sustainability is concerned, recycling of reutilizable wastes will always occupy the apex of the green chemistry research. Handling electronic wastes in a green manner without affecting the ecology and human health is one of the main challenges for material chemists and gains top priority among other fields of research. At present, handling and recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is a key priority. Due to these environmental concerns, massive interest has been triggered in various crystal structures of metal oxides, and different kinds of carbon materials that provide the opportunities to replace the commercial LIBs for energy storage and conversion applications in a cost‐effective manner. Reports are available on the recycling of spent LIBs, but these reports mainly focus on the metal recovery process rather than finding suitable applications for the recovered material. This present work exclusively summarizes the global demand for LIB raw materials, tactics in the resynthesis process along with the wide range of growing applications of spent LIB materials. Finally, the future prospects of applications that utilize spent LIB materials are addressed.
Management and outcome of epistaxis under direct oral anticoagulants: a comparison with warfarin
Authors: Send Thorsten , Bertlich Mattis , Horlbeck Fritz , Schafigh Darius , Freytag Saskia , Eichhorn Klaus W. , Gräff Ingo , Bootz Friedrich , Jakob Mark 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundEpistaxis is one of the more common reasons for emergency room visits. The main risk factor for epistaxis is anticoagulant therapy. Until recently, the main culprit was oral intake of a vitamin K antagonist, such as warfarin, which has a number of side effects. Even more recently, several direct oral anticoagulants, rivaroxaban and dabigatran, have been approved for use. We investigated the possible differences between treatment of epistaxis with direct oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary referral center in Germany. All patients who were admitted within a 1‐year period were included. Patient files were used to obtain the information.ResultsOverall, 677 patients were included in our study. Of these, 159 had been treated with vitamin K antagonists and 49 with direct oral anticoagulants. There were no significant differences in terms of age (p = 0.592), sex (p = 0.372), vital signs, bloodwork, or location of bleeding (p = 0.372). Management of epistaxis between the groups was also comparable (p = 0.399), with similar hospital admission rates (37.1% vs 24.5%; p = 0.145) and duration of stay (3.5 ± 2.1 days vs 3.8 ± 3.3 days; p = 0.650).ConclusionWe found no evidence to suggest epistaxis is more severe or requires more invasive therapy in patients given direct oral anticoagulants. A significant proportion of patients on vitamin K antagonists were not within the target range for international normalized ratio, highlighting one of the main issues with oral anticoagulation by vitamin K antagonists.
Deficiency in interleukin‐10 production by M2 macrophages in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Chao , Yao Yin , Wang Nan , Liu Jin‐Xin , Ma Jin , Chen Cai‐Ling , Deng Yi‐Ke , Wang Meng‐Chen , Liu Yang , Zhang Xin‐Hao , Liu Zheng 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundM2 macrophages are characterized by high interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) expression and are critical for resolving inflammation. Although increased accumulation of M2 macrophages has been demonstrated in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), particularly the eosinophilic type, their functional relevance in CRSwNP remains poorly understood.MethodsM1 and M2 macrophages and IL‐10 expression in sinonasal tissues were detected by double‐immunofluorescence staining. THP‐1 cells, a human monocytic leukemia cell line, were stimulated with various cytokines to study macrophage polarization and IL‐10 expression. Polyp size, computed tomography (CT) scans, and symptom severity were scored.ResultsCompared with numbers in control tissues, the numbers of total CD68+ macrophages, interferon regulatory factor 5–positive and CD68+ M1 macrophages, and CD163+CD68+ and CD206+CD68+ M2 macrophages were increased in both eosinophilic and non‐eosinophilic polyps. However, compared with non‐eosinophilic polyps, eosinophilic polyps contained fewer M1 macrophages and more M2 macrophages. Consistent with this, the M1/M2 macrophage ratio was increased in non‐eosinophilic polyps, whereas it decreased in eosinophilic polyps. Strikingly, the numbers of IL‐10+CD68+ macrophages and the percentage of IL‐10+CD68+ macrophages relative to the total number of macrophages were decreased in eosinophilic polyps, despite the upregulation of M2 macrophages in this type of polyp. The number of IL‐10+CD68+ M2 macrophages correlated negatively with total symptoms scores, polyp sizes, total CT scores, and the total number of inflammatory cells in patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP. Poly I:C downregulated IL‐10 expression in M2 macrophages differentiated from THP‐1 cells in vitro.ConclusionImpaired IL‐10 production by M2 macrophages may contribute to sustained inflammation in eosinophilic CRSwNP.vv
Deletion of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to eosinophilic sinonasal inflammation in a murine model of rhinosinusitis
Authors: London Nyall R. , Tharakan Anuj , Mendiola Michelle , Sussan Thomas E. , Chen Mengfei , Dobzanski Alex , Lane Andrew P. , Sidhaye Venkataramana , Biswal Shyam , Ramanathan Murugappan 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundOxidative stress exacerbates lower airway diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, its role in upper airway (sinonasal) chronic inflammatory disorders is less clear. Nuclear erythroid 2 p45‐related factor (Nrf2) is an endogenous mechanism that upon activation invokes an antioxidant response pathway via nuclear translocation and upregulation of cytoprotective genes. We sought to determine whether deletion of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to allergic sinonasal inflammation in vivo.MethodsNrf2−/− mice were subjected to the ovalbumin (Ova)‐induced murine model of rhinosinusitis and indices of sinonasal inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction were assessed.ResultsWe show that deletion of Nrf2 results in enhances indices of allergen‐induced sinonasal inflammation including aggravated eosinophil accumulation and goblet cell hyperplasia. An exaggerated increase in epithelial derived inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 33 (IL‐33) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was observed in the nasal lavage fluid and sinonasal mucosal tissue of Nrf2−/− mice. Furthermore, Nrf2−/− mice showed heightened Ova‐induced barrier dysfunction as measured by serum albumin accumulation in nasal lavage fluid of mice.ConclusionThese data show that the endogenous Nrf2 pathway limits Ova‐induced sinonasal inflammation, epithelial derived inflammatory cytokine production, and epithelial barrier dysfunction in vivo and identify a potential therapeutic target in the management of allergic sinonasal inflammatory disorders. This is the first study to our knowledge which shows that Nrf2 regulates allergic inflammation in the sinonasal cavity in vivo.
Copper‐vitamin B6 coated on maghemite nanoparticles: A new convenient dual catalysis system to synthesize α‐aminonitriles from benzyl alcohols
Authors: Esfandiary Naghmeh , Nakisa Athar , Radfar Iman , Azizi Kobra , Mehraban Jamshid Azarnia , Heydari Akbar 
Published: October 2018

A novel and effective dual catalysis system, copper combined with pyridoxal phosphate, which is anchored in maghemite nanoparticles were designed and applied to synthesize α‐aminonitriles from benzyl alcohols. This catalytic system has the potential ability to perform oxidation reactions and subsequently synthesize alpha‐amino nitrile in a reaction environment. Thus, the purpose of this paper is introducing a heterogeneous, sustainable and recyclable catalytic system to perform reactions that require a transition metal catalyst and organocatalyst continuously to achieve a target molecule.The catalysis system is examined and investigated with seven useful analyses such as FT‐IR, TGA, VSM, SEM, TEM, XRD, and ICP.