bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and predictors of non‐communicable disease multimorbidity among adults living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy in Brazil
Authors: Castilho Jessica L , Escuder Maria M , Veloso Valdiléa , Gomes Jackeline O , Jayathilake Karu , Ribeiro Sayonara , Souza Rosa A , Ikeda Maria L , de Alencastro Paulo R , Tupinanbas Unai , Brites Carlos , McGowan Catherine C , Grangeiro Alexandre , Grinsztejn Beatriz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience high rates of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs). These co‐morbidities often accumulate and older adults may suffer from multimorbidity. Multimorbidity has been associated with loss of quality of life, polypharmacy, and increased risk of frailty and mortality. Little is known of the trends or predictors NCD multimorbidity in PLHIV in low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsWe examined NCD multimorbidity in adult PLHIV initiating ART between 2003 and 2014 using a multi‐site, observational cohort in Brazil. NCDs included cardiovascular artery disease, hyperlipidemia (HLD), diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis, osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, venous thromboembolism and non‐AIDS‐defining cancers. Multimorbidity was defined as the incident accumulation of two or more unique NCDs. We used Poisson regression to examine trends and Cox proportional hazard models to examine predictors of multimorbidity.ResultsOf the 6206 adults, 332 (5%) developed multimorbidity during the study period. Parallel to the ageing of the cohort, the prevalence of multimorbidity rose from 3% to 11% during the study period. Older age, female sex (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.30 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.65)) and low CD4 nadir (<100 vs. ≥200 cells/mm3 aHR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.15 to 2.01)) at cohort entry were significantly associated with increased risk of multimorbidity. Among patients with incident multimorbidity, the most common NCDs were HLD and diabetes; however, osteoporosis was also frequent in women (16 vs. 35% of men and women with multimorbidity respectively).ConclusionsAmong adult PLHIV in Brazil, NCD multimorbidity increased from 2003 to 2014. Females and adults with low CD4 nadir were at increased risk in adjusted analyses. Further studies examining prevention, screening and management of NCDs in PLHIV in low‐ and middle‐income countries are needed.
Mitochondria as emerging targets for therapies against T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Olivas-Aguirre Miguel , Pottosin Igor , Dobrovinskaya Oxana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies, arising from diverse genetic alterations in the early lymphocyte development. T-cell subtype of ALL (T-ALL) accounts for about 15% and 25% of ALL in children and adults, respectively. Being less frequent among ALL subtypes, T-ALL represents a high-risk factor for poor prognosis due to its aggressiveness and resistance to common antileukemic drugs. Mitochondria were widely explored recently as a target for anticancer treatment because they are involved in a metabolic reprogramming of a cancer cell and play key roles in reactive oxygen species generation, Ca2+ signaling, and cell death induction. Accordingly, a new class of anticancer compounds named mitocans has been developed, which target mitochondria at distinct crucial points to promote their dysfunction and subsequent cell death. The present review analyses the role of mitochondria in malignant reprogramming and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria as an “Achilles’ heel” in T-ALL, with an emphasis on BH3 mimetics, sequestering pro-survival BCL proteins and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)1-directed drugs, which promote the suppression of aerobic glycolysis, VDAC1 closure, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, stoppage of the oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and release of proapoptotic factors.
Uptake and nutrient balance of nitrogen, sulfur, and boron for optimal canola production in eastern Canada
Authors: Ma Bao-Luo , Zheng Zhiming , Whalen Joann K. , Caldwell Claude , Vanasse Anne , Pageau Denis , Scott Peter , Earl Hugh , Smith Don L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBalanced plant nutrition is essential to achieve high yields of canola (Brassica napus L.) and get the best economic return from applied fertilizers. A field study was conducted at nine site‐years across eastern Canada to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and boron (B) fertilization on canola nutrient uptake, nutrient balance, and their relationship to canola yields. The factorial experiment consisted of four N rates of 0 (N0), 50 (N50), 100 (N100), and 150 (N150) kg ha−1, two S rates of 0 (S0) and 20 (S20) kg ha−1, and three B treatments of 0 (B0), 2 kg ha−1 at preplant (B2.0P), and 0.5 kg B ha−1 foliar‐applied at early flowering stage (B0.5F). Each site‐year used the same experimental design and assigned treatments in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Fertilizer S application greatly improved seed yields at six out of nine site‐years, and the highest N use efficiency was in the N150+S20 treatment. Sulfur application generally increased seed S concentration, seed S removal, and plant total S uptake, while B fertilization mainly elevated straw B concentration and content, with minimal effect on seed yields. At the early flowering stage, plant tissue S ranged from 2.2 to 6.6 mg S g−1, but the N : S ratio was over or close to the critical value of 12 in the N150+S0 combination at five site‐years. On average across nine site‐years, canola reached a plateau yield of 3580 kg ha−1 when plants contained 197 kg N ha−1, 33 kg S ha−1 and 200 g B ha−1, with a seed B content of 60 g B ha−1. The critical N, S, and B values identified in this work and their potential for a posteriori nutrient diagnosis of canola should be useful to validate fertilizer requirements for canola production in eastern Canada.
The Raman signature of protonic species as a potential tool for dating or authentication of glazed pottery
Authors: Kırmızı Burcu , Chen Stephen , Colomban Philippe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, the potential of Raman spectroscopy is discussed for the comparative dating or authentication of glazed pottery based on the Raman signature of protonic species incorporated in the glazes due to the corrosion processes as a function of time, chemical composition, and environmental conditions. According to the literature and analyses on a reference set of glass samples that had previously been subjected to heavy corrosion in laboratory conditions and extensively studied by Infrared spectroscopy, the accumulation of protonic species such as water and hydroxyl groups on the surface of glassy silicates gives rise to a specific Raman signature in the 2,000–3,800 cm−1 range. The relative intensity of this Raman signature is mainly considered to act as a means of discriminating between old and modern artefacts. In order to check this hypothesis, glazed pottery with different origins (Chinese and Vietnamese stoneware or celadons, blue‐and‐white and painted enamelled porcelains, Islamic terra cottas) and different chemical compositions or processing conditions from a wide time span (~1000 to the present) were analysed by Raman microspectroscopy. Further comparative data was obtained by modifying the experimental parameters such as laser wavelength, objective magnification, and confocal hole. The results showed that Raman intensity of the protonic species shows a correlation with age for lead free glazed pottery in the case of celadons and porcelains. The intensity strongly depends on the chemical composition of the glaze as well as the preservation conditions to a certain degree.
Control of antioxidant efficiency of chlorogenates in emulsions: modulation of antioxidant interfacial concentrations
Authors: Meireles Mafalda , Losada‐Barreiro Sonia , Costa Marlene , Paiva‐Martins Fátima , Bravo‐Díaz Carlos , Monteiro Luís S 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDControlling the interfacial concentrations of antioxidants (AOs) in oil‐in‐water emulsions can be regarded as a unique approach for increasing the efficiency of AOs in inhibiting the oxidation of lipids. Classical methods to determine the AO distribution in binary systems cannot be employed and their distribution needs to be assessed in the intact emulsion.RESULTSWe have employed a well‐established kinetic method to determine the distribution of a homologous series of AOs derived of chlorogenic acid in olive oil‐in‐water emulsions and analyse the effects of AO hydrophobicity on their distributions and their efficiencies. Results indicate that variations in the efficiency of chlorogenates in emulsions are due to differences in their interfacial concentrations. Their interfacial concentrations AOI were much higher (20‐ to 150‐fold) than their stoichiometric concentrations. On the other hand, their concentrations in the oil region were 1.5‐ to 0.1‐fold. Results also show the complex effect of the oil‐to‐water ratio employed in the preparation of the emulsions on the (AOI) values.CONCLUSIONResults highlight the key role of the interfacial region and of its composition (interfacial AO molarity, emulsifier concentration, oil‐to‐water ratio) in interpreting the efficiency of AOs in inhibiting lipid oxidation in emulsions. Thus, a careful modulation of these parameters is necessary to ensure optimum AO efficiency. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Engineering of scaffold‐free tri‐layered auricular tissues for external ear reconstruction
Authors: Chiu Loraine L. Y. , Weber Joanna F. , Waldman Stephen D. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesCurrent strategies for external ear reconstruction can lead to donor site morbidity and/or surgical complications. Tissue‐engineered auricular tissues may provide readily available reconstructive materials that resemble native auricular tissue, which is composed of a cartilaginous region sandwiched between two perichondrial layers. We previously developed scaffold‐free bi‐layered auricular tissues, consisting of a perichondrial layer and a cartilaginous layer, by cultivating chondrocytes and perichondrial cells in a continuous flow bioreactor. Here, we aimed to improve construct properties and develop strategies to engineer tri‐layered auricular constructs that better mimic native auricular tissue.Study DesignExperimental study.MethodsDifferent concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 and insulin were supplemented during bioreactor culture to determine conditions for engineering bi‐layered constructs. We also investigated two methods of engineering tri‐layered constructs. Method 1 used Ficoll separation to isolate perichondrial cells, followed by the seeding of isolated perichondrial cells onto the opposing side of the bi‐layered constructs. Method 2 involved the growth of the bi‐layered constructs in osteogenic culture medium.ResultsThe combination of 10 nM IGF‐1 and 100 nM insulin led to increased collagen content in the engineered bi‐layered constructs. For developing tri‐layered constructs, method 2 yielded thicker constructs with better mechanical and biochemical properties compared to method 1. In addition, the presence of the perichondrial layers protected the engineered constructs from tissue calcification.ConclusionAuricular tissues with a biomimetic microstructure can be created by growing chondrocytes and perichondrial cells in a continuous flow bioreactor, followed by cultivation in osteogenic medium.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:E272–E283, 2019
The Brain Oxylipin Profile Is Resistant to Modulation by Dietary n‐6 and n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Male and Female Rats
Authors: Ferdouse Afroza , Leng Shan , Winter Tanja , Aukema Harold M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOxylipins are bioactive lipids formed by the monooxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (ARA) are the most well‐studied class of oxylipins that influence brain functions in normal health and in disease. However, comprehensive profiling of brain oxylipins from other PUFA with differing functions, and the examination of the effects of dietary PUFA and sex differences in oxylipins are warranted. Therefore, female and male Sprague–Dawley rats were provided standard rodent diets that provided additional levels of the individual n‐3 PUFA α‐linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or the n‐6 PUFA linoleic acid (LNA) alone or with ALA (LNA + ALA) compared to essential fatty acid‐sufficient control diets. Oxylipins and PUFA were quantified in whole brains using HPLC‐MS/MS and GC, respectively. Eighty‐seven oxylipins were present at quantifiable levels: 51% and 17% of these were derived from ARA and DHA, respectively. At the mass level, ARA and DHA oxylipins comprised 81–90% and 6–12% of total oxylipins, while phospholipid ARA and DHA represented 25–35% and 49–62% of PUFA mass, respectively. Increasing dietary n‐3 PUFA resulted in higher levels of oxylipins derived from their precursor PUFA; otherwise, the brain oxylipin profile was largely resistant to modulation by diet. Approximately 25% of oxylipins were higher in males, and this was largely unaffected by diet, further revealing a tight regulation of brain oxylipin levels. These fundamental data on brain oxylipin composition, diet effects, and sex differences will help guide future studies examining the functions of oxylipins in the brain.
IL‐4 gene polymorphisms and their relation to steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in Chinese population
Authors: Jin Tianbo , Zhang Yiming , Sun Yao , Wu Jiamin , Xiong Zichao , Yang Zhi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSteroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating disease characterized by the activation and infiltration of macrophages into the necrotic site. Interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) administration helped reduce the infiltration of M1 phenotypic macrophages and maintain the activation of M2 phenotypic macrophages, resulting in restriction of inflammation and decrease in osteocyte apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of polymorphisms of IL‐4 gene with steroid‐induced ONFH in Chinese patients.Materials and methodsA total of 286 steroid‐induced ONFH patients and 441 healthy controls were enrolled. We evaluated 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the IL‐4 gene in this case–control study.ResultsWe identified rs2243283 in the IL‐4gene was potentially associated with an increased risk of steroid‐induced ONFH in the dominant model (p = 0.034; odds ratio [OR]: 1.40; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.03–1.91) and in the log‐additive model (p = 0.04; OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.01–1.71) adjusted by age and gender. Furthermore, we also observed a protective effect of rs2243289 in the dominant model (p = 0.024; OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51–0.95) adjusted by age and gender.ConclusionThese findings suggested that polymorphisms of IL‐4 gene may be associated with susceptibility to steroid‐induced ONFH.
Tau protein function: The mechanical exploration of axonal transport disorder caused by persistent pressure in dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Zhang Lei , Fu Jun , Cheng Xin‐Hua , Tang Li 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe analyzed the function of Tau protein to explore the underlying mechanism of axonal transport disorder caused by persistent pressure in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG).MethodsWistar rats were divided into the sham operated group, the control group and the experimental group. The Wistar rat model of continuous compression of DRG was used for further investigation. DRG neurons were extracted and cultured, and the protein content was detected using bicinchoninic acid method. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect the protein content. Intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride was performed for interaction with Tau. The results were then analyzed statistically.ResultsAfter 2 weeks of sustained pressure, the expression level of Tau396 increased by 33%, while Tau404 increased by 25% in the DRG of the experimental group (p < 0.05). The expression level of PSD‐95 in the DRG decreased by 15% (p < 0.05), while the expression of vGluT1, vGluT3 and vAchT decreased significantly in the DRG of the experimental group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of vGluT2 and vGAT among the three groups (p > 0.05). After intervention with lithium chloride, the expression of phosphorylated Tau at the above sites decreased in varying degrees compared with the model group. The expression level of Tau404 was reduced by 55%, and that of Tau199 by 60% in the DRG of the experimental group.ConclusionChronic compression of DRG and hypoxia caused phosphorylation of Tau in axons and inhibition of PSD‐95, and the function of the synaptic glutamic acid vesicle is defective in the synapse. This process is crucial in the development and progression of axonal transport dysfunction induced by chronic DRG compression, and phosphorylation of Tau plays a substantial role in this process.
Cafeteria Diet Consumption during Lactation in Rats, Rather than Obesity Per Se, alters miR‐222, miR‐200a, and miR‐26a Levels in Milk
Authors: Pomar Catalina A. , Castro Heriberto , Picó Catalina , Serra Francisca , Palou Andreu , Sánchez Juana 
Published: January 2019

ScopeThe aim of the present study is to investigate in nursing rats the impact of cafeteria‐diet feeding during lactation (cafeteria dams) on specific miRNA levels in breast milk and to discern them from the effects of maternal adiposity per se (postcafeteria dams).Methods and resultsMilk samples are collected from control, cafeteria, and postcafeteria dams at three time points of lactation (days 5, 10, and 15) and levels of selected miRNAs (miR‐222, miR‐203, miR‐200a, miR‐103, miR‐27a, and miR‐26a) were determined. Levels in milk of miR‐222 rise while miR‐103 and miR‐27 fall throughout lactation. Moreover, at day 15 of lactation, cafeteria dams present higher miR‐222 and lower miR‐200a and miR‐26a levels in milk than controls. No differences are found in postcafeteria dams compared with controls. At weaning, the offspring of cafeteria dams, but not the offspring of postcafeteria dams, displays lower expression levels of Cdkn1c (a validated target gene of miR‐222) in liver than controls.ConclusionCafeteria diet intake in nursing rats, rather than obesity per se, leads to alterations in specific miRNA levels, which, through the milk supply, may alter expression of target genes and potentially affect offspring phenotype.
Composite Particles From Pickering‐Stabilized Radical Mediated Thiol‐Ene Suspension Polymerizations
Authors: Cassidy Kyle J. , Durham Olivia Z. , Shipp Devon A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPickering stabilization is a facile method to create composite colloidal particles. Inorganic colloidal SiO2 nanoparticles are often used as the stabilizer for particles instead of the more common amphiphilic surfactants. Here the use of this approach in radical‐mediated thiol‐ene suspension polymerizations using monomers 1,3,5‐triallyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)‐trione (TTT) and pentaerythritol tetrakis (3‐mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) is described. The resulting micron‐sized crosslinked poly(thioether) colloidal particles are coated with 80 nm silica nanoparticles. The addition of a small amount of various costabilizers is examined (hexadecane, cetyl alcohol and toluene), and while all yielded particles, cetyl alcohol provide more consistent results. Scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis of the composite particles demonstrate morphologies that are consistent with a raspberry‐like structure. No significant changes to the glass transition temperature are observed, which is consistent with the silica nanoparticles being located at the surface of the polymer particles.
Inhibition of microRNA‐92a increases blood vessels and satellite cells in skeletal muscle but does not improve duchenne muscular dystrophy–related phenotype in mdx mice
Authors: Verma Mayank , Asakura Yoko , Asakura Atsushi 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The vasculature and blood flow in muscle are perturbed in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and its mdx mouse model. MicroRNA‐92a (miR‐92a) is enriched in endothelial cells, especially during ischemic injury. Methods: Because antagonizing miR‐92a was shown to result in increased proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and recovery from ischemia, we assessed the effects of Antagomir‐92a in vitro in muscle stem cell culture and in vivo in mdx mice. Results: miR‐92a was found to be highly expressed in muscle endothelial cells and satellite cells. Treatment with Antagomir‐92a increased capillary density and tissue perfusion, which was accompanied by an increase in satellite cells. However, Antagomir‐92a–treated mdx mice showed no histological improvement and had worse muscle function. Antagomir‐92a suppressed myogenic differentiation in satellite cell culture. Discussion: AntagomiR‐92a improves the vasculature but not the muscle in mdx mice, possibly due to its side effects on satellite cell differentiation. Muscle Nerve 59:594–594, 2019
Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging is useful for assessing inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Faruch Marie , Garcia Ana Isabel , Del Amo Montse , Pomes Jaume , Isern Jaime , González Sergio Prieto , Grau Josep María , Milisenda José César , Tomas Xavier 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences in whole‐body MRI are usually used for detecting muscle edema (ME) in inflammatory myopathies. We evaluated b‐value 800 diffusion‐weighted imaging (b800 DWI).Methods: Two radiologists independently and a consensus reader retrospectively reexamined 60 patients with inflammatory myopathies and 15 controls. For each participant, 78 muscles were analyzed with 3 sets of imaging acquisitions: T1‐weighted (T1) turbo spin echo and STIR; T1 and DWI; and T1, STIR and DWI. Mean edema per patient was compared between sequences. Agreement was evaluated. Results: Diffusion‐weighted imaging detected more ME compared with STIR (P < 0.001). Agreement between readers was better with both sequences (k = 0.94) than with b800 DWI (k = 0.89) or STIR (k = 0.84) alone. Discussion: Diffusion‐weighted imaging is a valuable add‐on for the study of inflammatory myopathies. Muscle Nerve 59:555–555, 2019
Exploring the introduction of European dogs to North America through shoulder height
Authors: Welker Martin H. , Dunham Rebecca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe introduction of domesticated species to new environments has been used to identify colonisation events in the archaeological record but rarely provides the opportunity to investigate colonists' selection of particular breeds or stock. This analysis employs morphometrics, the measurement of skeletal landmarks, supported by historic documentation to explore the intersection between colonists' breed preferences and species translocation. In doing so, this analysis provides insight into the differential effects of human selective breeding on domestic dog's (Canis familiaris) physical characteristics in Native American and European societies. Historic sources suggest that European colonists selectively imported large dog breeds capable of defending settlements and livestock, acting as war dogs, and aiding hunters. Colonists' dogs are reputed to have been significantly larger than Native American dogs. This study compares standardised measurements taken on bones to estimate shoulder height. We find that dog populations in England and North America spanning the period 0–1,800 AD exhibit an almost identical average stature; however, the range of shoulder height variation in European dogs is far greater than seen in eastern Native American dog populations. Dogs in colonial American contexts are statistically larger than both Native American and European dog populations, supporting documentary accounts that colonists selectively imported breeds from the largest available in Europe.