bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Depression and Anxiety in Family Members 3 Months After Child’s Admission to a Pediatric ICU
Authors: Iwata Masayuki , Han Soojeong , Hays Ross , Doorenbos Ardith Z. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: Family members of children admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) suffer from severe stress, which sometimes results in long-term psychological problems. We aimed to identify associations between demographic and psychosocial variables at early stages of a child’s admission to the ICU and depression and anxiety in family members at approximately 3 months after admission. We also explored predictive models for depression and anxiety at 3 months after admission. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of data from a previous clinical trial of palliative care for family members in ICUs, in which 380 family members of 220 children reported demographic and psychosocial status at approximately 1 week after ICU admission (baseline), at discharge from the ICUs, and at 3 months after the child’s admission to the ICU. Clinical data were extracted from the children’s medical records. We used linear regression models and stepwise linear regression for the analyses. Results: After controlling for significant confounders of gender (female) and child mortality, worse psychological status at baseline, represented by reported depression, anxiety, and acute stress symptoms, was associated with more severe depression and anxiety at 3 months. Also, a better family relationship at baseline was associated with lower depression and anxiety at 3 months. Conclusion: We suggest a need to screen family members of children admitted to the ICU with validated scales and intervening with those at high risk of depression and anxiety. Clinical Trials: Registry number NCT02144779 on ClinicalTrials.gov . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02144779?term=NCT02144779&rank=1 .
Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD): A Descriptive Study From a Canadian Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Selby Debbie , Bean Sally , Isenberg-Grzeda Elie , Bioethics Blair Henry D. , Nolen Amy 
Published: July 2019

Background: In June 2016, the Government of Canada passed Bill C-14 decriminalizing medically assisted death. Increasing numbers of Canadians are accessing medical assistance in dying (MAiD) each year, but there is limited information about this population. Objective: To describe the characteristic outcomes of MAiD requests in a cohort of patients at an academic tertiary care center in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients making a formal request for a MAiD eligibility assessment from July 16 to September 18. Data extracted included demographics, diagnosis, psychosocial characteristics, information relating to the MAiD request, and clinical outcome. Results: We received 107 formal requests for MAiD assessment. Ninety-seven patients were found eligible, of whom 80 received MAiD. Cancer was the primary diagnosis for 78% and median age was 74 years. The majority of patients (64%) cited “functional decline or inability to participate in meaningful activities” as the main factor motivating their request for MAiD. Half of patients who received MAiD (46%) described their request as consistent with a long-standing, philosophical view predating their illness. The 10-day reflection period was reduced for 39% of provisions due to impending loss of capacity. Our cohort was very similar demographically to those described both nationally and internationally. Conclusion: Patients seeking MAiD at our institution were similar to those described in other jurisdictions where assisted dying is legal and represent a group for whom autonomy and independence is critical. We noted a very high rate of risk of loss of capacity, suggesting a need for both earlier assessments and regular monitoring.
A safe treatment for congenital fibrovascular pupillary membrane
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Zhou Fengqi , Chen Wan , Chen Jingjing , Ouyang Zhenglong , Lin Zhuoling , Li Xiaoyan , Lin Haotian , Chen Weirong 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features and management of fibrovascular pupillary membrane. Methods: Four patients with congenital fibrovascular pupillary membrane were recruited. Comprehensively, ophthalmic examinations were performed. Peripheral iridectomy was performed to create a tunnel for blunt dissection of adhesion between the membrane and the lens capsule. Bipolar radiofrequency diathermy was then used to cut the membrane utilizing its coagulation effect. Results: All four patients received uneventful membranectomy surgeries. The follow-up duration ranged from 9 to 16 months. All patients recovered well. Visual behavior was central and steady. The natural pupil size ranged from 2 to 3 mm. No sign of visual axis obstruction, cataract formation, or intraocular pressure elevation was detected during the follow-up. No second surgery was needed for all patients. Conclusion: Fibrovascular pupillary membrane is a rare unilateral disease impairing visual acuity in children. Using the technique combining peripheral iridectomy with bipolar radiofrequency, diathermy can simplify the traditional surgery procedures and reduce the risks when removing fibrovascular pupillary membranes.
Differences of FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring System and Finger Pricks on Clinical Characteristics and Glucose Monitoring Satisfactions in Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Pump
Authors: Al Hayek Ayman A , Robert Asirvatham A , Al Dawish Mohamed A 
Published: July 2019

Background: To evaluate the different experience of freestyle libre and finger pricks on clinical characteristics and glucose monitoring satisfaction (GMS) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using insulin pump (IP). Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 47 (aged 17-21 years) T1D, who used conventional finger-pricking method for self-testing the glucose. The experiments were conducted between March 2018 and September 2018. For carrying out the study, the flash glucose monitoring (FGM) sensors were placed on each participant, at the baseline visit, by a trained diabetes educator. Furthermore, to determine the total number of scans conducted during the study period, the respective ambulatory glucose profiles were generated by computing the data collected from the sensors. In addition, a trained interviewer handed over the GMS questionnaire to each patient, at the baseline and at 12 weeks of the study. Results: In comparison to the baseline (finger pricks), various parameters such as: HbA1c ( P = .042), hypoglycemia ( P = .001), mean capillary glucose ( P = .004), total daily insulin dose ( P = .0001), percentage of bolus insulin ( P = .0001), daily bolus frequency ( P = .0001), and daily carbohydrates intake ( P = .0001) showed a significant improvement at 12 weeks. Similarly, substantial augmentation was noticed, in the sub domains of GMS, that is, openness ( P = .0001), emotional burden ( P = .0001), behavioral burden ( P = .0001), and trust ( P = .0001) at 12 weeks as compared to baseline. Overall, total GMS score at baseline was 1.72 ± 0.37, which increased up to 3.41 ± 0.49 ( P = .0001) in the time period of 12 weeks. The HbA1c (r2 = 0.45), hypoglycemia (r2 = 0.58), and the mean number of FGM scans, exhibited a negative correlation, while GMS (r2 = 0.52) and the mean number of FGM scans, exhibited a positive correlation. Conclusion: The frequency of hypoglycemia, HbA1c level, capillary glucose, daily carbohydrates intake decreased, while the total daily insulin dose, daily bolus insulin and total GMS score increased with the use of FGM scanning for 12 weeks.
Long-Term Risk of Hip Fracture After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Salehi Omran Setareh , Murthy Santosh B. , Navi Babak B. , Merkler Alexander E. 
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Data are lacking on the long-term risk of hip fracture among patients with ischemic stroke. A better understanding of the contemporary incidence of hip fracture after ischemic stroke could benefit patient care by promoting strategies to prevent this disabling complication in stroke survivors. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using inpatient and outpatient claims between 2008 and 2015 from a nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries. We included patients ≥66 years of age who were hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke, defined through a validated diagnostic code algorithm. We excluded patients who had a prior or concurrent hip fracture diagnosis at the time of ischemic stroke. The primary outcome was hip fracture requiring hospitalization. Survival statistics were used to calculate crude incidence rates, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate cumulative rates. Results: Among the 1 772 550 beneficiaries in our sample, 60 099 were diagnosed with an acute ischemic stroke without prior or concomitant hip fracture. During 4.5 (±2.2) years of follow-up, the incidence of hip fracture was 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-1.6) per 100 person-years in patients with acute ischemic stroke versus 0.6 (95% CI: 0.6-0.6) per 100 person-years in patients without acute ischemic stroke. The cumulative 5-year rate of hip fracture was 7.6% (95% CI: 7.2%-8.0%) among patients with acute ischemic stroke versus 2.8% (95% CI: 2.8%-2.9%) among the remaining Medicare beneficiaries. Conclusion: We found that among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with acute ischemic stroke, nearly 1 in 12 developed a hip fracture over the next 5 years.
Competence for Students’ Future: Curriculum Change and Policy Redesign in China
Authors: Wang Tao 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: This article aims to provide a policy review of the new national curriculum program and standards for high school education announced in January 2018 and analyze the key features of curriculum change in China. Design/Approach/Methods: Applying textual analysis, this article interprets the significant changes in the national curriculum program and standards and further discusses these changes based on literature and research on curriculum. Findings: Corresponding to the international trends on core competencies, China takes a further step and designs subject core competencies to narrow the gap between theories, policy, and practice. The new national curriculum highlights the coherent design in curriculum, textbooks, teaching, and assessment. Yet there are still puzzles and challenges in high stakes examination, diverse contexts, and curriculum implementation. Originality/Value: This article might facilitate the understanding of the current high school curriculum in China, especially on its features, changes, contexts, and history.
From Scale to Quality: Experiences and Challenges in Teacher Education in China
Authors: Zhou Bin 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: This essay examines the history of China’s teacher education policies, summarizes the Chinese experience of teacher education reform, and frames the major challenges facing teacher education reform in China today. Design/Approach/Methods: This relies upon a detailed analysis of the teacher education policies implemented by China since 1978. It also explores the actual practice of Chinese teacher education reform by examining the ways in which such reforms have contributed to the overall reform of China’s basic education system. Findings: Chinese teacher education places emphasis on the cultivation of teachers’ devotion to education and the importance of improving the teaching skills of normal college students. An effective teacher governance mechanism is the institutional guarantee for the positive role of teachers. However, the absence of comprehensive universities in the open teacher education system and a lack of autonomy for teachers in the performance management system are major challenges facing teacher education in China. Originality/Value: This essay has outlined the most current and recent reform efforts in China’s teacher education. It also explores how such efforts fit into the larger scheme of basic education reform in China.
Proteomic profiling of plasma biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion
Authors: Qin Chuan , Zhao Xin-Ling , Ma Xiao-Tong , Zhou Luo-Qi , Wu Long-jun , Shang Ke , Wang Wei , Tian Dai-Shi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) is a devastating cerebrovascular disorder, which could benefit from collateral circulation. Proteins associated with acute LVO pathogenesis and endothelial function may appear in blood samples of AIS patients due to LVO, thus permitting development of blood-based biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis.

Methods
This study is a single-center, retrospective, observational case–control trial. Consecutive patients who presented at the Department of Neurology of Tongji Hospital were recruited from July 2016 to April 2018. In the discovery phase, a proteomic approach with iTRAQ-based LC–MS/MS was used to investigate the altered proteomic pattern in plasma from patients with AIS due to LVO. In the validation study, Western blots was used to identify biomarkers associated with stroke diagnosis as well as their prognostic value associated with different collateral statuses.

Results
For this exploratory study, the proteomic analysis of plasma from 40 patients with AIS due to LVO and 20 healthy controls revealed seven differentially expressed proteins with a 1.2/0.83-fold or greater difference between groups. The four elevated proteins, PPBP (1.58 ± 0.78 vs 0.98 ± 0.37; P < 0.001), THBS1 (1.13 ± 0.88 vs 0.43 ± 0.26; P < 0.001), LYVE1 (1.61 ± 0.55 vs 0.97 ± 0.50; P < 0.001), and IGF2 (1.19 ± 0.42 vs 0.86 ± 0.24; P < 0.001), were verified by Western blots analysis in an independent cohort including 33 patients and 33 controls. A strong interaction was observed between the four-protein panel and the diagnosis of AIS due to LVO (AUC 0.947; P < 0.001). Furthermore, IGF2, LYVE1, and THBS1 were closely associated with collateral status (IGF2 0.115, 95% CI 0.016–0.841, P = 0.033; LYVE1 0.183, 95% CI 0.036–0.918, P = 0.039; THBS1 4.257, 95% CI 1.273–14.228, P = 0.019), and proved to be independent predictors of good outcome (IGF2 0.115, 95% CI 0.015–0.866, P = 0.036; LYVE1 0.028, 95% CI 0.002–0.334, P = 0.005; THBS1 3.294, 95% CI 1.158–9.372, P = 0.025) at a 3-month follow-up.

Conclusions
The identified 4-biomarker panel could provide diagnostic aid to the existing imaging modalities for AIS due to LVO, and the prognostic value of IGF2, LYVE1, and THBS1 was proved in predicting functional outcomes related to collateral status.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 03122002. Retrospectively registered April 20, 2017. URL of trial registry record: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03122002?term=NCT+03122002&rank=1
Detection and classification of social media-based extremist affiliations using sentiment analysis techniques
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Asghar Muhammad Zubair , Alotaibi Fahad M. , Awan Irfanullah 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Identification and classification of extremist-related tweets is a hot issue. Extremist gangs have been involved in using social media sites like Facebook and Twitter for propagating their ideology and recruitment of individuals. This work aims at proposing a terrorism-related content analysis framework with the focus on classifying tweets into extremist and non-extremist classes. Based on user-generated social media posts on Twitter, we develop a tweet classification system using deep learning-based sentiment analysis techniques to classify the tweets as extremist or non-extremist. The experimental results are encouraging and provide a gateway for future researchers.
Comparison of the effects of amantadine and ondansetron in treatment of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Khazaei Mojtaba , Karevan Ashkan , Taheri Mohammad , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disorder with a variety of manifestations including fatigue. Fatigue may interfere with daily work and activities. Different pharmacological and non‐pharmacological methods have been used for treatment of this symptom in MS patients. In this study, the effect of ondansetron and amantadine in the treatment of fatigue was compared.MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial, 53 MS patients with fatigability were enrolled (mean age ± standard deviation: 54.00 ± 7.88, Female/male ratio: 45/8). Patients were referred to Imam Clinic and Sina Hospital, Hamadan, Iran. Patients were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) questionnaire. Patients were randomly assigned to either the amantadine or ondansetron treatment groups and received treatments in a crossover manner. The severity of fatigue was measured using FSS questionnaire in four stages (beginning and end of each regimen). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.ResultsThe mean and standard deviation of patients’ fatigue scores before treatment were 43.07 ± 10.36 and 43.22 ± 9.67 in the amantadine and ondansetron group, respectively. These scores were 37.36 ± 7.87 and 40.00 ± 8.94 after treatment in the amantadine and ondansetron group, respectively. Both drugs significantly decreased the fatigue severity of patients (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between two regimens in terms of the mean score of fatigue before and after treatment and the frequency of complications. However, when ranking the severity of fatigue (mild, moderate, severe), fatigue reduction after intervention in the amantadine group was significantly higher than ondansetron (P = 0.026).ConclusionBoth amantadine and ondansetron reduce fatigue in MS patients, but the efficacy of amantadine in reducing the MS‐associated fatigue is greater than that of ondansetron.
Laser cleaning of paintings: in situ optimization of operative parameters through non-invasive assessment by optical coherence tomography (OCT), reflection FT-IR spectroscopy and laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF)
Authors: Moretti Patrizia , Iwanicka Magdalena , Melessanaki Kristalia , Dimitroulaki Evdoxia , Kokkinaki Olga , Daugherty Melissa , Sylwestrzak Marcin , Pouli Paraskevi , Targowski Piotr , van den Berg Klaas Jan , Cartechini Laura , Miliani Costanza 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nowadays the use of laser technology as a highly precise tool for the cleaning of paintings is gaining ground. The development of a non-invasive analytical protocol aimed at thorough assessment of the treated surfaces and real time monitoring of the laser cleaning action is thus becoming imperative. This ensures that no side effects (e.g. discoloration, darkening, blackening) will occur on the painting surfaces due to laser ablation. In the present study the potential of the combined use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflection FT-IR spectroscopy for in situ non-invasive assessment of laser cleaning procedures has been investigated on a historical easel painting donated to science. Specifically, OCT and FT-IR analyses were carried out before and after each cleaning test in order to carefully assess the condition of the painting surfaces upon their irradiation with a KrF excimer laser and evaluate the removal of weathered and/or non-original materials (i.e. waxes, aged natural varnishes, oxalates, deposition/migration compounds). This specific laser radiation, operating in the ultraviolet region (λ = 248 nm), is highly absorbed by coating materials (i.e. oxidized natural varnishes) and thus high selectivity and control of the cleaning process can be pursued. A systematic integration of the information on the chemical changes of the molecular composition of the painting surface provided by reflection FT-IR spectroscopy with the visualization of the stratigraphical changes by OCT allowed the evaluation of the sensitivity of the painting materials to different operative parameters of the laser treatment, such as laser fluence and number of pulses. In parallel, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopic measurements, recorded with the same laser beam at significantly attenuated energy density values, were exploited to provide information on the fluorescence properties of the irradiated varnish surfaces. The combination of the results obtained by OCT and FT-IR complemented with those from LIF measurements are discussed with the aim of developing an efficient methodology for assessing in situ the irradiated painting surfaces after the laser cleaning treatments and, thus, setting the basis for a future monitoring scheme that would ensure optimum cleaning interventions.
Shining the light on eating disorders, incidence, prognosis and profiling of patients in primary and secondary care: national data linkage study
Authors: Demmler Joanne C. , Brophy Sinead T. , Marchant Amanda , John Ann , Tan Jacinta O. A. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundDiagnosing eating disorders can be difficult and few people with the disorder receive specialist services despite the associated high morbidity and mortality.AimsTo examine the burden of eating disorders in the population in terms of incidence, comorbidities and survival.MethodWe used linked electronic health records from general practitioner and hospital admissions in Wales, UK within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank to investigate the incidence of new eating disorder diagnoses. We examined the frequency of comorbid diagnoses and prescribed medications in cases and controls in the 2 years before and 3 years after diagnosis, and performed a survival analysis.ResultsA total of 15 558 people were diagnosed with eating disorders between 1990 and 2017. The incidence peaked at 24 per 100 000 people in 2003/04. People with eating disorders showed higher levels of other mental disorders (odds ratio 4.32, 95% CI 4.01–4.66) and external causes of morbidity and mortality (odds ratio 2.92, 95% CI 2.44–3.50). They had greater prescription of central nervous system drugs (odds ratio 3.15, 95% CI 2.97–3.33), gastrointestinal drugs (odds ratio 2.61, 95% CI 2.45–2.79) and dietetic drugs (odds ratio 2.42, 95% CI 2.24–2.62) before diagnosis. These excess diagnoses and prescriptions remained 3 years after diagnosis. Mortality was raised compared with controls for some eating disorders, particularly in females with anorexia nervosa.ConclusionsIncidence of diagnosed eating disorders is relatively low in the population but there is a major longer term burden in morbidity and mortality to the individual.