bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Graphene Ribbon/Carbon Electrodes for High‐Performance Energy Storage
Authors: Farquhar Anna K. , Supur Mustafa , Smith Scott R. , Van Dyck Colin , McCreery Richard L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe utility of supercapacitors for both fixed and portable energy storage would be greatly enhanced if their energy density could be increased while maintaining their high power density, fast charging time, and low cost. This study describes a simple, solution‐phase, scalable modification of carbon materials by a covalently bonded “brush” of hydrogen‐terminated graphene ribbons (GRs) with layer thicknesses of 2–20 nm, resulting in a 20–100 times increase in the areal capacitance of the unmodified electrode surface. On a flat sp2 carbon surface modified by GRs, the capacitance exceeds 1200 µF cm−2 in 0.1 m H2SO4 due to a distinct type of pseudocapacitance during constant current charge/discharge cycling. Modification of high surface area carbon black electrodes with GRs yields capacitances of 950–1890 F g−1, power densities >40 W g−1, and minimal change in capacitance during 1500 charge/discharge cycles at 20 A g−1. A capacitance of 1890 F g−1 affords an energy density of 318 Wh kg−1 operating at 1.1 V and 590 Wh kg−1 at 1.5 V. The projected energy density of a hybrid GR/carbon supercapacitor greatly exceeds the current 10 Wh kg−1 for commercial supercapacitors and approaches that of lithium ion batteries.
Gradient‐Distributed Metal–Organic Framework–Based Porous Membranes for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Peng Sangshan , Zhang Leyuan , Zhang Changkun , Ding Yu , Guo Xuelin , He Gaohong , Yu Guihua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) have received significant research interest, but the lack of promising separators with advanced performance seriously hinders the development of nonaqueous RFBs. Here, a robust yet flexible membrane with enhanced selectivity for nonaqueous RFBs is designed via in situ synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in a porous polymeric membrane (Celgard) with a gradient density. The crossover of active species is mitigated by the reduced effective pore size while high ionic conductivity is maintained, which is attributed to the 3D channel structure of MOFs and their gradient distribution in the membrane. A Li/ferrocene RFB with the MOF‐imbedded membrane delivers an excellent high‐rate capability and enhanced cycling stability. The discharge capacity reaches as high as ≈94% of theoretical value at a current density of 4 mA cm−2, and maintains 76% even at 12 mA cm−2. Moreover, a much slower capacity decay rate is achieved (0.09% per cycle over 300 cycles) by using the composite membrane compared with the pristine Celgard membrane (0.24% per cycle). The demonstrated strategy provides new insight into rational design and fabrication of size‐sieving separators for RFBs and can promote further research of MOFs' capability in energy storage.
A Theory‐based Didactic Offering Physicians a Method for Learning and Teaching Others About Human Trafficking
Authors: Cole Michael A. , Daniel Michelle , Chisolm‐Straker Makini , Macias‐Konstantopoulos Wendy , Alter Harrison , Stoklosa Hanni 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEmergency clinicians are on the frontlines of identifying and caring for trafficked persons. However, most emergency providers have never received training on trafficking, and studies report a significant knowledge gap involving this important topic. Workshops often employ a “train‐the‐trainer” model to address clinicians’ knowledge gaps involving various topics (including trafficking). By offering participants knowledge and skills needed to both understand relevant content and teach this content to future learners, this model aims at promoting widespread dissemination of essential information. However, current train‐the‐trainer workshops typically involve full or multiday sessions and employ multimodal instructional techniques, making them time and resource intensive for both participants and facilitators.To address these challenges, we created a 50‐minute train‐the‐trainer workshop to teach emergency clinicians the knowledge and skills needed to recognize and care for trafficked patients while providing instructional techniques to teach learners this content in the clinical environment. Learning theory and principles informed the choice of instructional methods and were employed when designing the paper‐based learning guides that functioned as this intervention's primary instructional resource. Guides contained detailed scripts used to perform role‐playing exercises. These “scripted guides” were designed for participants to learn important content while simultaneously practicing techniques to teach this content to one another. They provided the scaffolding necessary to independently direct learning during the workshop (with minimal facilitator intervention), while also being carefully formatted and organized to create an accessible tool for future use during clinical teaching.The session was implemented at the 2018 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana. Based on participants’ self‐assessment using a retrospective pre–post test, the workshop was successful in creating a train‐the‐trainer model that is brief, requiring minimal facilitator resources and offers instruction on both content knowledge and instructional methods to disseminate this knowledge to future learners.
The use of new‐media marketing in the green industry: Analysis of social media use and impact on sales
Authors: Yao Becatien , Shanoyan Aleksan , Peterson Hikaru Hanawa , Boyer Cheryl , Baker Lauri 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuring the recession, the decline in home value and home ownership reduced the demand for ornamental plants, lawn and garden products, and related services, which resulted in significantly negative effect on the green industry revenues. Postrecession consolidation in the United States green industry has forced smaller firms to re‐evaluate their marketing strategies. New‐media marketing has gained attention as a relatively low‐cost and high‐exposure marketing strategy. This paper utilizes binary logit and interval censored regression to examine the use and the impact of social‐media marketing in the green industry. The analysis was based on primary data from a survey of US nurseries and garden centers. The findings reveal that the daily use of social‐media marketing is largely driven by the network effect and the managers’ attitudes. They also indicate that the small‐sized firms receive higher returns from social media use in terms of increased sales compared with larger firms.
Monocot plastid phylogenomics, timeline, net rates of species diversification, the power of multi‐gene analyses, and a functional model for the origin of monocots
Authors: Givnish Thomas J. , Zuluaga Alejandro , Spalink Daniel , Soto Gomez Marybel , Lam Vivienne K. Y. , Saarela Jeffrey M. , Sass Chodon , Iles William J. D. , de Sousa Danilo José Lima , Leebens‐Mack James , Chris Pires J. , Zomlefer Wendy B. , Gandolfo Maria A. , Davis Jerrold I. , Stevenson Dennis W. , dePamphilis Claude , Specht Chelsea D. , Graham Sean W. , Barrett Craig F. , Ané Cécile 
Published: October 2018

Premise of the StudyWe present the first plastome phylogeny encompassing all 77 monocot families, estimate branch support, and infer monocot‐wide divergence times and rates of species diversification.MethodsWe conducted maximum likelihood analyses of phylogeny and BAMM studies of diversification rates based on 77 plastid genes across 545 monocots and 22 outgroups. We quantified how branch support and ascertainment vary with gene number, branch length, and branch depth.Key ResultsPhylogenomic analyses shift the placement of 16 families in relation to earlier studies based on four plastid genes, add seven families, date the divergence between monocots and eudicots+Ceratophyllum at 136 Mya, successfully place all mycoheterotrophic taxa examined, and support recognizing Taccaceae and Thismiaceae as separate families and Arecales and Dasypogonales as separate orders. Only 45% of interfamilial divergences occurred after the Cretaceous. Net species diversification underwent four large‐scale accelerations in PACMAD‐BOP Poaceae, Asparagales sister to Doryanthaceae, Orchidoideae‐Epidendroideae, and Araceae sister to Lemnoideae, each associated with specific ecological/morphological shifts. Branch ascertainment and support across monocots increase with gene number and branch length, and decrease with relative branch depth. Analysis of entire plastomes in Zingiberales quantifies the importance of non‐coding regions in identifying and supporting short, deep branches.ConclusionsWe provide the first resolved, well‐supported monocot phylogeny and timeline spanning all families, and quantify the significant contribution of plastome‐scale data to resolving short, deep branches. We outline a new functional model for the evolution of monocots and their diagnostic morphological traits from submersed aquatic ancestors, supported by convergent evolution of many of these traits in aquatic Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales).
Stable isotope analyses reveal previously unknown trophic mode diversity in the Hymenochaetales
Authors: Korotkin Hailee B. , Swenie Rachel A. , Miettinen Otto , Budke Jessica M. , Chen Ko‐Hsuan , Lutzoni François , Smith Matthew E. , Matheny P. Brandon 
Published: October 2018

Premise of the StudyThe Hymenochaetales are dominated by lignicolous saprotrophic fungi involved in wood decay. However, the group also includes bryophilous and terricolous taxa, but their modes of nutrition are not clear. Here, we investigate patterns of carbon and nitrogen utilization in numerous non‐lignicolous Hymenochaetales and provide a phylogenetic context in which these non‐canonical ecological guilds arose.MethodsWe combined stable isotope analyses of δ13C and δ15N and phylogenetic analyses to explore assignment and evolution of nutritional modes. Clustering procedures and statistical tests were performed to assign trophic modes to Hymenochaetales and test for differences between varying ecologies. Genomes of Hymenochaetales were mined for presence of enzymes involved in plant cell wall and lignin degradation and sucrolytic activity.Key ResultsThree different trophic clusters were detected – biotrophic, saprotrophic, and a second biotrophic cluster including many bryophilous Hymenochaetales and mosses. Non‐lignicolous Hymenochaetales are generally biotrophic. All lignicolous Hymenochaetales clustered as saprotrophic and most terricolous Hymenochaetales clustered as ectomycorrhizal. Overall, at least 15 species of Hymenochaetales are inferred as biotrophic. Bryophilous species ofRickenellacan degrade plant cell walls and lignin, and cleave sucrose to glucose consistent with a parasitic or endophytic life style.ConclusionsMost non‐lignicolous Hymenochaetales are biotrophic. Stable isotope values of many bryophilous Hymenochaetales cluster as ectomycorrhizal or in a biotrophic cluster indicative of parasitism or an endophytic life style. Overall, trophic mode diversity in the Hymenochaetales is greater than anticipated, and non‐lignicolous ecological traits and biotrophic modes of nutrition are evolutionarily derived features.
The Multilevel Relationships of HIV‐Related Stigma to Child and Caregiver Mental Health among HIV‐Affected Households in South Africa
Authors: Williams Leslie D. , Aber J. Lawrence ,   SIZE Research Group
Published: October 2018

AbstractHIV/AIDS‐related (HAR) stigma is still a prevalent problem in Sub‐Saharan Africa, and has been found to be related to mental health of HIV‐positive individuals. However, no studies in the Sub‐Saharan African context have yet examined the relationship between HAR stigma and mental health among HIV‐negative, HIV‐affected adults and families; nor have any studies in this context yet examined stigma as an ecological construct predicting mental health outcomes through supra‐individual (setting level) and individual levels of influence. Multilevel modeling was used to examine multilevel, ecological relationships between HAR stigma and mental health among child and caregiver pairs from a systematic, community‐representative sample of 508 HIV‐affected households nested within 24 communities in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. Two distinct dimensions of HAR stigma were measured: individual stigmatizing attitudes, and perceptions of community normative stigma. Findings suggest that individual‐level HAR stigma significantly predicts individual mental health (depression and anxiety) among HIV‐affected adults; and that community‐level HAR stigma significantly predicts both individual‐level mental health outcomes (anxiety) among HIV‐affected adults, and mental health outcomes (PTSD and externalizing behavior scores) among HIV‐affected children. Differentiated patterns of relationships were found using the two different stigma measures. These findings of unique relationships identified when utilizing two conceptually distinct stigma measures, at two levels of analysis (individual and community) suggest that HAR stigma in this context should be conceptualized as a multilevel, multidimensional construct. These findings have important implications both for mental health interventions and for interventions to reduce HAR stigma in this context.
Brown adipose tissue, energy expenditure, and biomarkers of cardio‐metabolic health among the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia
Authors: Levy Stephanie B. , Klimova Tatiana M. , Zakharova Raisa N. , Federov Afanasiy I. , Fedorova Valentina I. , Baltakhinova Marina E. , Leonard William R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study provides the first investigation of non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity among an indigenous circumpolar population, the Yakut of northeastern Siberia. The study also examines the health significance of BAT activity in this population by testing the relationships between BAT thermogenesis and biomarkers of cardio‐metabolic disease risk, such as percent body fat and blood glucose and cholesterol levels.MethodsData were collected in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) for 31 men and 43 women. Change in energy expenditure and BAT thermogenesis were quantified after a 30‐minute mild cooling condition. Anthropometric dimensions, blood glucose, and lipid levels were also collected.ResultsOn average, the skin temperature of the supraclavicular area was constant after cooling while the skin temperature of a point on the sternum dropped significantly (P < .001), thus suggesting the presence of active supraclavicular BAT among Yakut adults. Participants with evidence of greater BAT thermogenesis exhibited a larger percent change in energy expenditure (% ΔEE) and an increase in respiratory quotient (RQ) after cooling (P ≤ .05). While there was no relationship between BAT activity and blood lipid levels, BAT thermogenesis was positively associated with blood glucose levels (P < .01).ConclusionsYakut adults exhibit evidence of active BAT deposits. Given that there is a significant relationship between BAT activity and % ΔEE, it is possible that BAT plays a role in NST among Yakut adults. While the relationship between BAT and body composition is inconclusive, participants with greater BAT seemed to preferentially utilize glucose during cold stress exposure.
Does a man's testosterone “rebound” as dependent children grow up, or when pairbonds end? A test in Cebu, Philippines
Authors: Rosenbaum Stacy , Gettler Lee T. , McDade Thomas W. , Bechayda Sonny S. , Kuzawa Christopher W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveCross‐culturally, men's T declines in response to pairbonding and fatherhood, but less is known about what happens to T during and after life history transitions that theoretically lead to renewed mating effort. We tested whether men's T rises (or declines less with age) as their children age, or when pairbonds end, independent of changes in fatherhood‐related variables such as co‐residence with children.MethodsWe used demographic, behavioral, and salivary hormone data (waking and pre‐bed T) collected in 2009 and 2014 for the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (n = 571 men).ResultsFathers with older children tended to have attenuated decline in pre‐bedtime T between 2009 and 2014 compared to men with younger children, after controlling for pairbonding (ß = 1.58, SE = 0.88, P = 0.074). Separated men had higher pre‐bedtime T than pairbonded men, controlling for fatherhood‐related variables (ß = 11.74, SE = 4.33, P = 0.007). Change in T did not significantly differ for men who separated between the two surveys, relative to men who remained pairbonded throughout.ConclusionWe found modest support for the prediction that men experience less of an age‐related drop in T as their youngest child ages, a trend that might strengthen as children age further. We also replicate the finding that separated men have higher T, although longitudinal changes in the hormone were not significantly different in these men. Our data suggest that, of two life history transitions that may predict renewed mating effort, pair bond loss is more strongly endocrine mediated than potential mating effort shifts related to the aging of children.
Severe bleeding with subclinical oculocutaneous albinism in a patient with a novel HPS6 missense variant
Authors: Han Chen G. , O'Brien Kevin J. , Coon Lea M. , Majerus Julie A. , Huryn Laryssa A. , Haroutunian Sara G. , Moka Nagabhishek , Introne Wendy J. , Macnamara Ellen , Gahl William A. , Malicdan May Christine V. , Chen Dong , Krishnan Koyamangalath , Gochuico Bernadette R. 
Published: October 2018

Heřmanský–Pudlák syndrome (HPS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder, manifests with oculocutaneous albinism and a bleeding diathesis. However, severity of disease can be variable and is typically related to the genetic subtype of HPS; HPS type 6 (HPS‐6) is an uncommon subtype generally associated with mild disease. A Caucasian adult female presented with a history of severe bleeding; ophthalmologic examination indicated occult oculocutaneous albinism. The patient was diagnosed with a platelet storage pool disorder, and platelet whole mount electron microscopy demonstrated absent delta granules. Genome‐wide SNP analysis showed regions of homozygosity that included the HPS1 and HPS6 genes. Full length HPS1 transcript was amplified by PCR of genomic DNA. Targeted next‐generation sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense variant in HPS6 (c.383 T > C; p.V128A); this was associated with significantly reduced HPS6 mRNA and protein expression in the patient's fibroblasts compared to control cells. These findings highlight the variable severity of disease manifestations in patients with HPS, and illustrate that HPS can be diagnosed in patients with excessive bleeding and occult oculocutaneous albinism. Genetic analysis and platelet electron microscopy are useful diagnostic tests in evaluating patients with suspected HPS.Clinical Trial registration:Registrar: ClinicalTrials.govWebsite: www.clinicaltrials.govRegistration Numbers: NCT00001456 and NCT00084305.
Incisor tooth wear and age determination in mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
Authors: Galbany Jordi , Muhire Thadée , Vecellio Veronica , Mudakikwa Antoine , Nyiramana Aisha , Cranfield Michael R. , Stoinski Tara S. , McFarlin Shannon C. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesEcological factors, but also tooth‐to‐tooth contact over time, have a dramatic effect on tooth wear in primates. The aim of this study is to test whether incisor tooth wear changes predictably with age and can thus be used as an age estimation method in a wild population of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda.Materials and methodsIn mountain gorillas of confidently known chronological age (N = 24), we measured the crown height of all permanent maxillary and mandibular incisors (I1, I1, I2, I2) as a proxy for incisal macrowear. Linear and quadratic regressions for each incisor were used to test whether age can be predicted by crown height. Using these models, we then predicted age at death of two individual mountain gorillas of probable identifications, based on their incisor crown height.ResultsAge decreased significantly with incisor height for all teeth, but the upper first incisors (I1) provided the best results, with the lowest Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc) and lowest Standard Error of the Estimate (SEE). When the best age equations for each sex were applied to gorillas with probable identifications, the predicted ages differed 1.58 and 3.33 years from the probable ages of these individuals.ConclusionsOur findings corroborate that incisor crown height, a proxy for incisal wear, varies predictably with age. This relationship can be used to estimate age at death of unknown gorillas in the skeletal collection, and in some cases, to corroborate the identity of individual gorillas recovered from the forest postmortem at an advanced state of decomposition. Such identifications help fill gaps in the demographic database and support research that requires individual‐level data.
Measurement of the Ratio between g‐Factors of the Ground States of 87Rb and 85Rb
Authors: Mora Jason , Cobos Aracely , Fuentes Dominic , Jackson Kimball Derek F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe ratio between the Landé g‐factors of the Rb and Rb ground‐state hyperfine levels is experimentally measured to be , consistent with previous measurements. The g‐factor ratio is determined by comparing the Larmor frequencies of overlapping ensembles of Rb and Rb atoms contained within an evacuated, antirelaxation‐coated vapor cell. The atomic spins are polarized via synchronous optical pumping and the Larmor frequencies are measured by off‐resonant probing using optical rotation of linearly polarized light. The accuracy of this measurement of exceeds that of previous measurements by a factor of ≈50 and is sensitive to effects related to quantum electrodynamics.
Methane Hydration‐Shell Structure and Fragility
Authors: Wu Xiangen , Lu Wanjun , Streacker Louis M. , Ashbaugh Henry S. , Ben‐Amotz Dor 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe influence of oily molecules on the structure of liquid water is a question of importance to biology and geology and many other fields. Previous experimental, theoretical, and simulation studies of methane in liquid water have reached widely conflicting conclusions regarding the structure of hydrophobic hydration‐shells. Herein we address this question by performing Raman hydration‐shell vibrational spectroscopic measurements of methane in liquid water from −10 °C to 300 °C (at 30 MPa, along a path that parallels the liquid‐vapor coexistence curve). We show that, near ambient temperatures, methane's hydration‐shell is slightly more tetrahedral than pure water. Moreover, the hydration‐shell undergoes a crossover to a more disordered structure above ca. 85 °C. Comparisons with the crossover temperature of aqueous methanol (and other alcohols) reveal the stabilizing influence of an alcohol OH head‐group on hydrophobic hydration‐shell fragility.