bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced immune responses are accompanied by increased MAGEA expression in osteosarcoma metastases
Authors: Meijer Debora M , van Oost Siddh , Roelands Jessica P , Ruano Dina , Briaire-de Bruijn I H , van den Akker B E , Kruisselbrink A B , Wijers-Koster P M , van der Ploeg Manon , Ijsselsteijn Marieke , Lam S W , de Ru Arnoud H , Tjokrodirijo R T N , van de Sande M A J , Gelderblom Hans , Van Veelen Peter A , Kuijjer M L , de Miranda Noel , Bovee Judith V M G 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveOsteosarcoma is the most common primary bone sarcoma. About 50% of patients develop metastatic disease and their 5-year survival lingers at around 20%–30%. T cell checkpoint blockade immunotherapies have revolutionised cancer treatment in the last decade, but their impact remains limited in osteosarcoma.Methods and analysisIn order to reveal potentially novel immunotherapeutic strategies for advanced osteosarcoma, we conducted an immunogenomic characterisation of a unique sample set comprising 30 osteosarcoma samples from seven patients, collected throughout disease progression. We performed RNA-sequencing and imaging mass cytometry analysis on these samples to reveal the immunological landscape during osteosarcoma progression.ResultsTranscriptional and phenotypical hallmarks of cytotoxic T cell-driven anticancer immunity were enriched in metastatic lesions as compared with primary tumours. Spatial analysis showed T cells infiltrating central regions of osteosarcoma metastases, indicating the absence of an immune excluded environment. In parallel, we found a pronounced increase in the expression of cancer testis antigens, particularly melanoma antigen family A (MAGEA)-related antigens, in osteosarcoma metastases, which was validated in an independent cohort (N=91). In addition, we demonstrated the presentation of MAGE-derived peptides in three out of four osteosarcoma cell lines.ConclusionThese findings indicate a concurrent augmentation of cytotoxic antitumour immune responses and expression of MAGEA antigens from primary to metastatic osteosarcoma. This observation suggests the exploration of MAGEA antigens as potential targets for immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced osteosarcoma.
Comparison of the aetiology, microbiological isolates and antibiotic susceptibilities of endophthalmitis between children and adults in southern China: a retrospective, cohort study
Authors: Yang Yao , Lin Jiaqi , Li Yujie , Ding Xiaohu , Liu Manli , Zeng Jieting , Lin Xiaofeng , Duan Fang 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo compare aetiology, microbiological isolates and antibiotic susceptibilities of endophthalmitis between children and adults.DesignRetrospective observational study.ParticipantsPatients admitted to Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2013 and December 2019 with clinically diagnosed endophthalmitis were included.Outcome measuresThe aetiology, microbiological isolates and antibiotic susceptibilities of endophthalmitis were analysed.ResultsOf 1803 patients, 430 (23.8%) were aged ≤16 years. In both children and adults, the main aetiology was trauma (85.6% vs 64.7%, p<0.05).Streptococcusspecies (spp.) (28.8%) were most prevalent in paediatric post-traumatic endophthalmitis; whereas, coagulase-negative staphylococci (36.9%) were dominant in adults. In postoperative endophthalmitis, all children had bacterial infections, while fungal infections accounted for 12.5% in adults. In endogenous endophthalmitis caused by fungi,Candidawas most prevalent in adults (26.9%); whereas, all causative fungi involved filamentous fungi in children. Isolated bacteria in children presented a higher susceptibility in 7 of 11 antibiotics compared with those in adults. Levofloxacin had the highest susceptibility rate in children (97.9%), and ofloxacin had the highest susceptibility rate in adults (90.6%).ConclusionThe main aetiology was trauma, with a higher proportion in children than in adults. The microbial profile of paediatric endophthalmitis was different from those of adults. Susceptibilities of causative bacteria to most antibiotics were higher in children than in adults.
Completion and reporting of COVID-19 clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov during the first 6 months of the pandemic: cohort study
Authors: Tornhammar Per , Julner Alexander , Al Moosawi Nader , Wicksell Elin , Lim Carl-Emil , Andersson Daniel Peter , Ueda Peter 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundEarly in the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous clinical trials were initiated. Although concerns were raised regarding the quality of the trials, the eventual research output yielded from the trials remains unknown. The objective of this study was to include all clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov during the first 6 months of the pandemic and assess if and where their results had been reported, their completion and discontinuation rates, achieved enrolment and changes made to the primary outcome after trial registration.MethodsWe included all interventional studies related to COVID-19 first registered on ClinicalTrials.gov between 1 January 2020 and 1 July 2020. We systematically searched for trial results, reported through 15 May 2023, in scientific publications, preprints and ClinicalTrials.gov. We assessed the achieved trial enrolment, trial discontinuation (reaching <90% of target enrolment), and whether the primary outcome had been changed as compared with the initial protocol registration.ResultsThe 775 clinical trials included in the analysis planned to enrol 238 933 (median (IQR) 120 (60, 304) patients; 355 (46%) of the trials had reported results, and 283 (36%) were published in a scientific journal. In the reported trials, the total enrolment was 95 332 (median (IQR) 105 (45, 222) patients. 186 (24%) trials were completed, and 169 (22%) trials were discontinued, with slow recruitment being the most stated reason for discontinuation (9% of all trials, although 30% of the discontinued trials did not report a reason). 117 (33%) of the reported trials had changed their primary outcome. In total, 157 (20%) trials were completed and published in a scientific journal, of which 105 enrolled ≥100 patients and 103 had not changed the primary outcome. 63 completed and published trials enrolled ≥100 patients and had not changed the primary outcome.ConclusionsMost clinical trials of COVID-19 registered at ClinicalTrials.gov during the first 6 months of the pandemic remained unreported or had been discontinued. Many of the trials whose results had been reported enrolled few patients and changed the primary outcome after trial registration.
DLL4-targeted CAR-T therapy sensitizes neoadjuvant chemotherapy via eliminating cancer stem cells and reshaping immune microenvironment in HER2+breast cancer
Authors: Yan Jingrui , Xie Yongjie , Liu Ziyun , Yang Yanfang , Zhou Tianxing 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundNeoadjuvant therapy with trastuzumab, pertuzumab and paclitaxel (THP) has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+breast cancer (BC). However, there remains a subset of non-responsive patients. Thus, this study sought to identify key regulators of THP neoadjuvant therapy resistance and potential targets to sensitize sensitivity.MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas database, Gene Expression Omnibus and membrane protein database were used to identify the key regulator of THP neoadjuvant resistance. The biological functions and mechanisms of delta-like 4 proteins (DLL4) in THP therapy resistance were investigated in vitro and in vivo using the bioinformatic analysis, multiplex immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, sphere formation assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation, etc. Furthermore, DLL4-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells were established to sensitize THP therapy.ResultsDLL4 was identified as a key target in THP neoadjuvant therapy resistance for HER2+BC. Mechanistically, DLL4+tumor cells exhibited enhanced stemness and resistance to the THP neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Additionally, soluble DLL4 can split away from tumor cells and diffuse into the stroma, where it can activate the Notch signaling pathway in neutrophils, inducing the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by regulating the transcription of MPO, PDIA4 and ELANE. This led to the exclusion of lymphocyte infiltration, thereby enhancing therapy resistance. What is more, we designed a DLL4-targeted CAR-T to eliminate DLL4+tumor cells and reverse the resistant status.ConclusionsOur study revealed novel functions of DLL4 in cell stemness and immune infiltration, including NET formation and T cell exclusion, which collectively contributed to THP neoadjuvant therapy resistance in HER2+BC. Furthermore, we provided a CAR-T-based therapy to sensitize the THP neoadjuvant therapy.
Transversus abdominis plane block in minimally invasive colon surgery: a multicenter three-arm randomized controlled superiority and non-inferiority clinical trial
Authors: Salmonsen Christopher Blom , Lange Kai Henrik Wiborg , Kleif Jakob , Krøijer Rasmus , Bruun Lea , Mikalonis Martynas , Dalsgaard Peter , Hesseldal Karen Busk , Olsson Jon Emil Philip , Bertelsen Claus Anders 
Published: November 2024

Background and objectivesThe transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is the most widely used abdominal field block in colorectal surgery with a postoperative enhanced recovery pathway. We aimed to determine whether the laparoscopic-assisted and ultrasound-guided TAP (US-TAP) blocks provide superior pain relief compared with placebo. We separately investigated whether the laparoscopic-assisted technique was non-inferior to the ultrasound-guided technique in providing pain relief, with a non-inferiority margin of 10 mg morphine dose equivalents.Methods340 patients undergoing elective minimally invasive colon surgery were randomly allocated to one of three groups: (1) US-TAP block, (2) laparoscopic-assisted TAP (L-TAP) block, or (3) placebo. Superiority and non-inferiority were tested for the primary outcome: 24-hour postoperative morphine equivalent consumption. Secondary outcomes, including patient-reported quality of recovery, were included in the superiority analysis.Results127 patients were included in each block group and 86 in the placebo group. The US-TAP block was no different from placebo at −1.4 mg morphine (97.5% CI −6.8 to 4.0 mg; p=0.55). The L-TAP block was superior to placebo at −5.9 mg morphine (97.5% CI −11.3 to −0.5 mg; p=0.01) and non-inferior to the US-TAP block at −4.5 mg morphine (98.75% CI −10.0 to 1.1 mg).ConclusionThe L-TAP block was superior to placebo and non-inferior to the US-TAP block. However, neither met our predetermined estimate of the minimal clinically important difference of 10 mg morphine.Trial registration numberNCT04311099.
Intra-articular corticosteroid injections versus platelet-rich plasma as a treatment for cervical facetogenic pain: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Allison David J , Ebrahimzadeh Sanam , Muise Stephanie , Joseph Steven , Roa Agudelo Alexandria , Lawson Arden , Billias Nicole , Tran John , Smith Ashley , Loh Eldon 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThe study’s primary objective was to compare the effectiveness of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma injections versus corticosteroid injections for the treatment of cervical facetogenic pain. Secondary aims were to compare self-rated disability, pain self-efficacy, and the safety of the procedure between groups.MethodsA single-site randomized double-blind controlled trial with 40 participants assigned to receive either leucocyte-poor, low-concentrate platelet-rich plasma injections or corticosteroid injection without local anesthetic into the cervical facet joint under fluoroscopy. Outcomes were collected via telephone at 1, 3, and 6 months to determine treatment effectiveness.ResultsLow-concentrate platelet-rich plasma and corticosteroid injections had similar effects on cervical facetogenic pain intensity over a 6-month period post injection as demonstrated by a non-significant group-by-time interaction for Numeric Rating Scale scores (p>0.05). However, both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in cervical facetogenic pain intensity 1 month post treatment compared with baseline (p=0.02), while the platelet-rich plasma group also demonstrated a clinically significant decrease in pain intensity at the same time point. There was a significant interaction at 1 month post intervention for pain self-efficacy (p=0.04), with the platelet-rich plasma injection group showing a larger increase in pain self-efficacy compared with the corticosteroid injection group. No significant interaction was observed for self-rated disability; however, significant reductions were shown at 3 and 6 months post treatment compared with baseline in both groups (p<0.01). No significant differences between groups were reported for adverse events; however, those receiving platelet-rich plasma injection reported significantly less procedural pain (p=0.02).ConclusionBoth platelet-rich plasma and corticosteroid injections induced similar improvements in cervical facetogenic pain intensity (1 month post) and self-rated disability (3 and 6 months post). Pain self-efficacy demonstrated a significant interaction with platelet-rich plasma injection showing greater improvement 1 month post. Additionally, both treatments exhibited a similar low prevalence of adverse events; however, those receiving platelet-rich plasma injection reported less procedural pain.
Immune checkpoint molecules performance in ANCA vasculitis
Authors: Anton-Pampols Paula , Martinez Valenzuela Laura , Fernandez Lorente Loreto , Quero Ramos Maria , Gómez Preciado Francisco , Gomà Montserrat , Manrique Joaquin , Fulladosa Xavier , Cruzado Josep M , Torras Juan , Draibe Juliana Bordignon 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThe PD-1 axis promotes protection against autoimmunity. Immune checkpoint (IC) molecules performance in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) remains unknown. This study aims to assess the IC pathway’s role in the AAV’s pathophysiology.MethodsWe recruited 88 AAV from our centre as a discovery cohort (acute=42, remission=46) and 30 patients from another institution for external validation (acute=16, remission=14).Serum, urine and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected. In vitro IC molecules production by lymphocytes was studied with and without MPO/PR3 antigen stimulus. Cell culture supernatant (SN) was obtained by centrifugation. PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 concentrations were assessed in serum (s), urine (u) and SN of AAV and healthy controls (HC) using a multiplex assay. PD-1 and PD-L1’s expression was analysed in six diagnostic kidney biopsies.ResultsuPD-1 and uPD-L2’s concentration was lower in AAV than HC (p<0.0001, p=0.0075). Acute patients exhibited lower uPD-L2 levels compared with those in remission (p=0.036). Similarly, PBMCs showed reduced PD-1 production than HC (stimulated group p=0.04, unstimulated p=0.0074). Furthermore, patients with inflammatory renal lesions had fewer PD-1-positive interstitial cells/staining intensity compared with those with sclerotic lesions. Contradictorily, sPD-1 and sPD-L1’s concentration was higher in AAV than HC (p=0.007, p<0.0001) with acute patients exhibiting elevated sPD-1 levels compared with those in remission (p=0.0051). Serum and urine findings were confirmed in the validation cohort.ConclusionsResults in urine, SN and histology suggest IC pathway abolition during acute disease restored in remission and contribute to understand PD-1 axis’s role in AAV proposing it as a new biomarker of disease activity.
The effects of sex and contraction intensity on fatigability and muscle oxygenation in trained individuals
Authors: Kwak Minyoung , Succi Pasquale J. , Benitez Brian , Mitchinson Clara J. , Bergstrom Haley C. 
Published: November 2024

Fatigability varies depending on sex and contraction intensity during sustained exercise. This study examined the responses of time to task failure (TTF), performance fatigability (PF), and muscle oxygenation (SmO2) in males and females during isometric handgrip holds to failure (HTF) at 30% and 60% maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Males ( n = 12) and females ( n = 12) performed a pre-MVIC, handgrip HTF at randomly ordered percentages of MVIC (either 30% or 60%), followed by a post-MVIC on the dominant arm. During the HTF testing, the TTF and SmO2 responses were recorded, and PF was determined from the pre- to post-MVICs. TTF for 30% MVIC HTF was greater than 60% MVIC HTF ( p < 0.001), but was not different between males and females ( p = 0.117). PF exhibited an inverse relationship with intensity for each sex, while males demonstrated greater PF than females for both 30% and 60% MVIC HTF. For the 60% MVIC HTF, males demonstrated greater desaturation than females (CI95% = [−28.1, −2.6%], p = 0.021, d = 0.621), but not for the 30% MVIC HTF (CI95% = [−12.2, 7.9%], p = 0.315, d = 0.621). Sex differences in PF and SmO2 may be attributed to the differences in muscle mass, absolute strength, contractile properties, and muscle metabolism between males and females. However, these proposed differences between males and females may not fully inform exercise performance (e.g., TTF). Sex-specific fatigue responses may be affected by complex physio-psychological mechanisms, and therefore, additional investigations under diverse exercise conditions are required to better prescribe exercise for both males and females.
Lissajous dynamics of a quantum particle in a tilted two-dimensional discrete lattice
Authors: Jaczewski Grzegorz , Sowiński Tomasz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe quantum dynamics of a single particle in a discrete two-dimensional tilted lattice is analyzed from the perspective of the classical-quantum correspondence. Utilizing the fact that tilting the lattice results in oscillatory dynamics, we show how the parameters of the lattice and the initial state of the particle can be tuned so that during evolution the probability distribution does not change its shape, while its center follows the trajectory known in classical mechanics as Lissajous curves.
Comparison of classical and path-by-path solutions to SDEs
Authors: Anzeletti Lukas 
Published: November 2024

We consider the Stochastic Differential Equation [Formula: see text], in [Formula: see text]. We give an example of a drift [Formula: see text] such that there does not exist a weak solution, but there exists a solution for almost every realization of the Brownian motion [Formula: see text]. We also give an explicit example of a drift such that the SDE has a pathwise unique weak solution, but path-by-path uniqueness (i.e. uniqueness of solutions to the ODE for almost every realization of the Brownian motion) is lost. These counterexamples extend the results obtained in Shaposhnikov and Wresch [Pathwise versus path-by-path uniqueness, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat. 58(3) (2022) 1640–1649] to dimension [Formula: see text].
Methods for Quantitative Thermal Analysis of Lithium Solid-State and Beyond Battery Safety
Authors: Bhargava Bhuvsmita , Johnson Nathan Brenner , Bates Alex M. , Torres-Castro Loraine , Albertus Paul 
Published: November 2024

The use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure the thermal behavior of individual components and electrolyte/electrode combinations is common. However, here we focus on DSC tests on an anode, cathode, and electrolyte (ACE) component combination over a temperature range that includes many of the phase transitions and key reactions (i.e., to 500 °C) that contribute to thermal runaway. This method can help quantify the complex reaction network in a full cell, thereby informing potential safety issues. Here, we used DSC heat flow data from a solid-state Li0.43CoO2+C+PVDF | LLZO | Li metal ACE sample and its components to quantify key factors affecting results. We focused on three areas: (1) ACE sample preparation and assembly in DSC pans, (2) DSC measurement parameters, and (3) heat flow analysis. Key points include the choice of component ratios (e.g., commercially relevant N:P capacity ratio), the importance of conductive carbon and binder, type of pan used, DSC ramp rate, and integration method used when dealing with broad and overlapping exothermic peaks. This work deepens the scientific basis and best practices for obtaining heat flow data from ACE samples for early-stage evaluation of solid-state and beyond battery safety.
Pilot Study on Postoperative Toric Intraocular Lens Alignment
Authors: Yang Baodi , Lai Chunxin , Qin Yongjie , Lin Hongliang , Wang Sheng , Liao Hailan , Zhang Hongyang 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Assess the comparative accuracy and reliability of postoperative toric intraocular lens (TIOL) alignment measurement methods: Casia2 and Adobe Photoshop with digital slit lamp images (PS method).Methods: In a study of 41 subjects with 58 eyes postimplantation of TIOL, we independently measured TIOL alignment with Casia2 and PS methods. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC1,1) was employed to assess the repeatability of the Casia2 method. While ICC2,1 for absolute agreement and Bland–Altman analysis were utilized to determine the interdevice agreement between the two methods, the regression analysis was conducted to identify any proportional bias.Results: Casia2 demonstrated excellent intradevice repeatability with an ICC1,1 of 0.998. The absolute agreement between Casia2 and PS was very high with an ICC2,1 of 0.999. The average discrepancy between the two measurement methods was −0.828°, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from −1.623° to −0.032°. The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were between −6.761° and 5.105°, indicating a strong concordance in TIOL alignment measurements. Casia2 was capable of accurately measuring the TIOL axis alignment under conditions of pupil diameters (PDs) of 4 mm or greater.Conclusion: Casia2 and PS demonstrated significant concordance in measuring postoperative TIOL alignment, with Casia2 offering a more straightforward and accessible alternative, particularly beneficial for patients with suboptimal pupil dilation.