bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistency in microbiomes in cultures of Alexandrium species isolated from brackish and marine waters
Authors: Sörenson Eva , Bertos‐Fortis Mireia , Farnelid Hanna , Kremp Anke , Krüger Karen , Lindehoff Elin , Legrand Catherine 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPhytoplankton and bacteria interactions have a significant role in aquatic ecosystem functioning. Associations can range from mutualistic to parasitic, shaping biogeochemical cycles and having a direct influence on phytoplankton growth. How variations in phenotype and sampling location, affect the phytoplankton microbiome is largely unknown. A high‐resolution characterization of the bacterial community in cultures of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium was performed on strains isolated from different geographical locations and at varying anthropogenic impact levels. Microbiomes of Baltic Sea Alexandrium ostenfeldii isolates were dominated by Betaproteobacteria and were consistent over phenotypic and genotypic Alexandrium strain variation, resulting in identification of an A. ostenfeldii core microbiome. Comparisons with in situ bacterial communities showed that taxa found in this A. ostenfeldii core were specifically associated to dinoflagellate dynamics in the Baltic Sea. Microbiomes of Alexandrium tamarense and minutum, isolated from the Mediterranean Sea, differed from those of A. ostenfeldii in bacterial diversity and composition but displayed high consistency, and a core set of bacterial taxa was identified. This indicates that Alexandrium isolates with diverse phenotypes host predictable, species‐specific, core microbiomes reflecting the abiotic conditions from which they were isolated. These findings enable in‐depth studies of potential interactions occurring between Alexandrium and specific bacterial taxa.
Prognostic impact of pleural effusion in EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer patients without brain metastasis
Authors: Yoshimura Akihiro , Yamada Tadaaki , Tsuji Taisuke , Hamashima Ryosuke , Shiotsu Shinsuke , Yuba Tatsuya , Takumi Chieko , Uchino Junji , Hiraoka Noriya , Takayama Koichi 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundIn epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), brain metastasis is known as a poor prognosis factor. However, prognostic factors in the patients without brain metastasis remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify the differences between metastatic site and prognosis in common EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients without brain metastasis.MethodsChemotherapy‐naïve, advanced EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients without brain metastasis diagnosed between January 2010 and March 2016 were enrolled. We evaluated prognosis according to the presence or absence of bone metastases, liver metastasis, and pleural effusion.ResultsA total of 50 EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients without brain metastasis were enrolled. The median progression‐free survival and overall survival were significantly shorter in patients with pleural effusion than in those patients without (progression‐free survival 7.0 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7–13.0 vs. 13.0 months, 95% CI 9.1–21.7, hazard ratio [HR] 2.29, 95% CI 1.11–4.73, P = 0.020; overall survival 19.5 months, 95% CI 5.7–28.8 vs. 55.3 months, 95% CI 24.0–not evaluable, HR 3.00, 95% CI 1.35–6.68, P = 0.005). Pleural effusion was an independent factor of poor prognosis for progression‐free survival (HR 3.44, 95% CI 1.50–7.88, P = 0.003) and overall survival (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.00–5.44, P = 0.049).ConclusionPleural effusion might be a poor prognosis factor for advanced EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients without brain metastasis treated with first‐generation EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Further precision medicine according to the metastatic site is required.
Dexmedetomidine for the prevention of delirium in critically ill patients – A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Maagaard Mathias , Barbateskovic Marija , Perner Anders , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Wetterslev Jørn 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundDelirium is a common complication in critically ill patients and carries an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Dexmedetomidine can potentially prevent delirium by diminishing predisposing factors. The evidence regarding the use of dexmedetomidine in preventing delirium is conflicting. This protocol aims to identify the beneficial and harmful effects of dexmedetomidine in the prevention of delirium.MethodsThis protocol uses the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration, the Preferred Report Items of Systematic Reviews with Meta‐Analysis Protocols, and the eight‐step assessment procedure suggested by Jakobsen and colleagues. We wish to assess in critically ill patients, if dexmedetomidine versus placebo can reduce the incidence of delirium and improve clinical outcomes. We will include all randomised trials assessing the use of dexmedetomidine in the prevention of delirium. To identify trials, we will search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica database, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Science Citation Index Expanded on Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science Journal Database, and BIOSIS. Two authors will screen the literature and extract data. We will use the Cochrane risk of bias tool to evaluate trials. Extracted data will be analysed using Review Manager 5 and Trial Sequential Analysis. We will create a “Summary of Findings”‐table in which we will present our primary and secondary outcomes. We will assess the quality of evidence using GRADE.DiscussionThis systematic review can potentially aid clinicians in decision‐making and benefit the many critically ill patients at risk of delirium.
The New Microeconomics: A Psychological, Institutional, and Evolutionary Paradigm with Neoclassical Economics as a Special Case
Authors: Markey‐Towler Brendan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicroeconomics requires a new grounding or formulation that can account for a broader range of socioeconomic behavior than neoclassical economics does. The core of the neoclassical economics research program—the theory of rational choice—has offered insights into the determination of socioeconomic behavior. But other elements need to be integrated into a coherent microeconomic perspective. We introduce such a perspective in which neoclassical economics becomes a special case. This advances our understanding of the determinants of behavior in a coherent and integrated manner. This perspective may form the foundation of an evolutionary and institutional perspective on socioeconomic systems. This has practical value in designing strategy and policy.
The Debate on Pension Systems: The Paradigmatic Cases of Chile and Spain
Authors: Arrizabalo Montoro Xabier , del Rosal Mario , Javier Murillo Arroyo F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article is focused on pension systems in the light of two case studies that are antagonistic within the capitalist economy. On the one hand, the Spanish pension scheme, based on the principle of intergenerational solidarity, was achieved by the working‐class after decades of struggle. It constitutes the backbone of the Spanish social security system, thanks to the creation and development of indirect and deferred wages. On the other hand, the Chilean pension scheme, first imposed by the Pinochet dictatorship, is based on a funded system and private management. It rejects the principle of solidarity and, therefore, it makes impossible the construction of a decent pension structure. The comparison of the Spanish and the Chilean pension systems can be expressed in just one revealing fact: while the average pension in Spain is 79 percent of the last salary earned, benefits in Chile barely reach 33 percent for male workers and 25 percent for female workers. The analysis of both cases is framed in terms of the critique of political economy, in direct opposition to the current mainstream in economics. Instead of assuming methodological individualism and a harmonious view of human societies, as orthodoxy does, the critical paradigm conceives of capitalist economy as a dialectical process determined by the existence of social classes with different and opposed interests.
Historical Significance of Labor’s Increased Precariousness in Germany, the United Kingdom, and Spain
Authors: Arrizabalo Xabier , Pinto Patricia , Vicent Lucía 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article addresses the historical significance of the increasing precariousness of labor, even in the most advanced economies. Given the sterility of the mainstream approach, based on methodological individualism, we start from a Marxist critique of political economy, focusing on the laws that govern the process of capitalist accumulation and its contradictions. Within the framework of these laws, we analyze the tendency of labor exploitation to increase in a capitalist economy, linked to the exigencies of profitability due to the increasing difficulties of the valorization of capital. The precariousness of labor is studied around some of the main forms it adopts in three European economies: mini‐jobs in Germany, “zero‐hours contracts” in the United Kingdom, and false self‐employment, together with internship and training contracts, in Spain. Based on theoretical and empirical analysis, several conclusions are proposed to understand the extension and deepening of labor precariousness, built on the notions of overexploitation and destruction of productive forces, linked to current demands of capitalist accumulation.
The effect of sleep deprivation and disruption on DNA damage and health of doctors
Authors: Cheung V. , Yuen V. M. , Wong G. T. C. , Choi S. W. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObservational studies have highlighted the detrimental health effects of shift work. The mechanisms through which acute sleep deprivation may lead to chronic disease have not been elucidated, but it is thought that increased DNA damage or decreased repair can lead to disease. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of acute sleep deprivation on DNA damage. This was a cross‐sectional observational study on 49 healthy, full‐time doctors. Baseline blood was sampled from each participant after three consecutive days of adequate sleep. Participants (n = 24) who were required to work overnight on‐site had additional blood sampled on a morning after acute sleep deprivation. DNA damage and expression of DNA repair genes were quantified. Information on health, working patterns and sleep diaries were collected. Independent t‐tests were used to compare differences between groups and standardised mean differences expressed as Cohen's d. Overnight on‐site call participants had lower baseline DNA repair gene expression and more DNA breaks than participants who did not work overnight (d = 1.47, p = 0.0001; and 1.48, p = 0.0001, respectively). In overnight on‐site call participants, after acute sleep deprivation, DNA repair gene expression was decreased (d = 0.90, p = 0.0001) and DNA breaks were increased (d = 0.87, p = 0.0018). Sleep deprivation in shift workers is associated with adverse health consequences. Increased DNA damage has been linked to the development of chronic disease. This study demonstrates that disrupted sleep is associated with DNA damage. Furthermore, larger prospective studies looking at relationships between DNA damage and chronic disease development are warranted, and methods to relieve, or repair, DNA damage linked to sleep deprivation should be investigated.
The role of intraperitoneal ropivacaine in laparoscopic appendicectomy: a prospective, double‐blinded randomized control Australian study
Authors: Huang Yang Y. , Suthananthan Arul E. , Hunt Victoria , Hruby Jan , Koek Sharnice , Rowcroft Alistair , Beh Han , Jayasundera Mohan 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundCurrently, intraoperative use of local anaesthetic is not routinely given in all laparoscopic appendicectomies. Although its use has been widely studied in laparoscopic hernia repairs, gynaecological laparoscopy and laparoscopic cholecystectomies, there are no published trials of the use of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic during laparoscopic appendicectomy in the Australasian setting. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of intraperitoneal ropivacaine during laparoscopic appendicectomy will reduce the amount of post‐operative opiate analgesia used, abdominal pain, post‐operative nausea or vomiting, shoulder tip pain and length of hospital stay.MethodsA randomized double‐blinded placebo versus control trial was conducted with patients with clinically diagnosed appendicitis undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy. Primary outcomes measured were the number of times the patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) button was pressed post‐operatively and the average and total amount of fentanyl from PCA consumed during the post‐operative period from 0 to 6 h and from 6 to 16 h.ResultsA total of 86 patients with 43 patients in the placebo normal saline group and 43 patients in the treatment ropivacaine group were included in the study. During the immediate post‐operative period (0–6 h), there was a statistically significant reduction in the number of times the PCA button was pressed in the ropivacaine group compared to the normal saline group (16 versus 24 times, P = 0.02).ConclusionIntraperitoneal ropivacaine has an analgesic effect for patients up to 6 h following emergency laparoscopic appendicectomy.
Modified laparoscopic keyhole plus repair to manage a parastomal hernia: A single‐center experience
Authors: Rajapandian Subbiah , Jankar Samrat V. , Kakkilaya Harish , Sabnis Sandeep , Ramkrishana Parathasarthi , Palanivelu Praveenraj , Chinnusamy Palanivelu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionParastomal hernia (PH) is a common late complication of stoma formation for which laparoscopic repair is a well‐accepted modality of treatment. Keyhole repair has been frequently reported with recurrence, but our modification in surgical technique have lesser and acceptable recurrence rates. The present study aimed to assess the results of modified laparoscopic keyhole plus repair in the treatment of symptomatic PH.MethodsWe reviewed our prospectively maintained database to search for patients who had undergone laparoscopic modified keyhole repair between January 2008 and April 2018. All 23 symptomatic patients who had undergone this procedure were included in the present study.ResultsA total of 23 patients were studied. The median age was 37 years (range, 22‐54 years). Two patients with large PHs underwent open excision of the redundant skin and then laparoscopic modified keyhole repair. There was one conversion to open repair because of dense adhesions. The mean operative time was 112 ± 37 minutes. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3 ± 2 days. There were no significant intraoperative or postoperative complications. During follow‐up, three patients had a seroma, which was managed conservatively. One morbidly obese patient who had an ileal conduit‐related stomal hernia had a symptomatic recurrence 3 years after surgery.ConclusionThe modified laparoscopic keyhole plus repair is a safe, feasible, and effective technique for PH repair; it has an acceptable recurrence rate and offers good cosmesis and functional outcomes.
Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetics of ziprasidone in pregnant women
Authors: Biesdorf Carla , Martins Frederico S. , Sy Sherwin K.B. , Diniz Andrea 
Published: January 2019

AimsPregnancy is associated with physiological changes that alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) of drugs. The aim of this study was to predict the PK of ziprasidone in pregnant women.MethodsA full physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of ziprasidone was developed and validated for the non‐pregnant population (healthy adults, paediatrics, geriatrics), and this was extended to the pregnant state to assess the change in PK profile of ziprasidone throughout pregnancy.ResultsThe PBPK model successfully predicted the ziprasidone disposition in healthy adult volunteers, wherein the predicted and observed AUC, Cmax and tmax were within the fold‐difference of 0.94–1.09, 0.89–1.40 and 0.80–1.08, respectively. The paediatric and geriatric population, also showed predicted AUC, Cmax and tmax within a two‐fold range of the observed values. The simulated exposure in pregnant women using a p‐PBPK model showed no significant difference when compared to non‐pregnant women.ConclusionsThe PBPK model predicted the impact of physiological changes during pregnancy on PK and exposure of ziprasidone, suggesting that dose adjustment is not necessary in this special population.
Population pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide in patients with B‐cell malignancies
Authors: Hughes Jim H. , Phelps Mitch A. , Upton Richard N. , Reuter Stephanie E. , Gao Yue , Byrd John C. , Grever Michael R. , Hofmeister Craig C. , Marcucci Guido , Blum William , Blum Kristie A. , Foster David J.R. 
Published: January 2019

AimsLenalidomide is an immunomodulatory imide drug used broadly in the treatment of multiple myeloma and lymphoma. It continues to be evaluated in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) at lower doses due to dose‐related toxicities including tumour flare and tumour lysis syndrome. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for lenalidomide in multiple cancers, including CLL, to identify any disease‐related differences in disposition.MethodsLenalidomide concentrations from 4 clinical trials were collated (1999 samples, 125 subjects), covering 4 cancers (multiple myeloma, CLL, acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) and a large dose range (2.5–75 mg). A population pharmacokinetic model was developed with NONMEM and patient demographics were tested as covariates.ResultsThe data were best fitted by a 1‐compartment kinetic model with absorption described by 7 transit compartments. Clearance and volume of distribution were allometrically scaled for fat‐free mass. The population parameter estimates for apparent clearance, apparent volume of distribution and transit rate constant were 12 L/h (10.8–13.6), 68.8 L (61.8–76.3), and 13.5 h−1(11.9–36.8) respectively. Patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) exhibited a 22% reduction in lenalidomide clearance compared to patients with creatinine clearance of 90 mL/min. Cancer type had no discernible effect on lenalidomide disposition.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a lenalidomide population pharmacokinetic model to evaluate lenalidomide pharmacokinetics in patients with CLL and compare its pharmacokinetics with other B‐cell malignancies. As no differences in pharmacokinetics were found between the observed cancer‐types, the unique toxicities observed in CLL may be due to disease‐specific pharmacodynamics.
Bidirectional relationship of stress and affect with physical activity and healthy eating
Authors: Schultchen Dana , Reichenberger Julia , Mittl Theresa , Weh Tabea R. M. , Smyth Joshua M. , Blechert Jens , Pollatos Olga 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesPhysical activity and healthy eating seem to be protective against experiencing stress and negative affect as well as increase positive affect. At the same time, previous studies showed that people reduce salutogenic behaviours such as physical activity and healthy eating in the face of stress and negative affect while increasing such behaviours in the context of positive affect. Due to daily fluctuations of these behaviours, the present study examined these relationships in daily life using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).Design and methodsFifty‐one university students responded to six daily prompts during 7 days via smartphone‐based EMA. Items examined stress, emotional experience, physical activity duration, and healthy eating.ResultsHigher stress and negative affect, as well as lower positive affect, were related to a reduction in subsequent physical activity. Higher physical activity levels, in turn, were associated with less subsequent stress and negative affect, as well as more positive affect. No such effects for stress and affect on healthy eating or vice versa were found.ConclusionsEngaging in physical activity is related to better mood and less stress/negative affect over the next several hours in daily life. Prevention efforts therefore may benefit by focusing on promoting physical activity, particularly when stress/negative affect is high to ‘break the cycle’ of inactivity, stress, and negative affect. Potential effects of healthy eating might be more subtle and characterized by interindividual differences or state effects.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Physical activity can reduce stress as well as negative emotions and can enhance positive emotions.

People tend to eat less healthy food during stressful times, and healthy eating can increase general health.

Physical activity and healthy eating have been mostly assessed separately and through retrospective methods.

What does this study add?

This is an EMA study investigating bidirectional effects of stress, emotions, and salutogenic behaviour.

After physical activity, people felt less stressed/negative and more positive; feeling better and less stressed resulted in more physical activity.

Healthy eating was not associated with stress or emotion level and vice versa.
Baicalin mitigates cognitive impairment and protects neurons from microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasomes and TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Jin Xin , Liu Ming‐Yan , Zhang Dong‐Fang , Zhong Xin , Du Ke , Qian Ping , Yao Wei‐Fan , Gao Hua , Wei Min‐Jie 
Published: January 2019

SummaryAimsBaicalin (BAI), a flavonoid compound isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been established to have potent anti‐inflammation and neuroprotective properties; however, its effects during Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment have not been well studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BAI pretreatment on cognitive impairment and neuronal protection against microglia‐induced neuroinflammation and to explore the mechanisms underlying its anti‐inflammation effects.MethodsTo determine whether BAI plays a positive role in ameliorating the memory and cognition deficits in APP (amyloid beta precursor protein)/PS1 (presenilin‐1) mice, behavioral experiments were conducted. We assessed the effects of BAI on microglial activation, the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and neuroinflammation‐mediated neuron apoptosis in vivo and in vitro using Western blot, RT‐PCR, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Finally, to elucidate the anti‐inflammation mechanisms underlying the effects of BAI, the protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes and the expression of proteins involved in the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway were measured using Western blot and immunofluorescence.ResultsThe results indicated that BAI treatment attenuated spatial memory dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice, as assessed by the passive avoidance test and the Morris water maze test. Additionally, BAI administration effectively decreased the number of activated microglia and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as neuroinflammation‐mediated neuron apoptosis, in APP/PS1 mice and LPS (lipopolysaccharides)/Aβ‐stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Lastly, the molecular mechanistic study revealed that BAI inhibited microglia‐induced neuroinflammation via suppression of the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway.ConclusionOverall, the results of the present study indicated that BAI is a promising neuroprotective compound for use in the prevention and treatment of microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation during AD progression.