bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral microbiota maturation during the first 7 years of life in relation to allergy development
Authors: Dzidic M. , Abrahamsson T. R. , Artacho A. , Collado M. C. , Mira A. , Jenmalm M. C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAllergic diseases have become a major public health problem in affluent societies. Microbial colonization early in life seems to be critical for instructing regulation on immune system maturation and allergy development in children. Even though the oral cavity is the first site of encounter between a majority of foreign antigens and the immune system, the influence of oral bacteria on allergy development has not yet been reported.ObjectiveWe sought to determine the bacterial composition in longitudinally collected saliva samples during childhood in relation to allergy development.MethodsIllumina sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene was used to characterize the oral bacterial composition in saliva samples collected at 3, 6, 12, 24 months, and 7 years of age from children developing allergic symptoms and sensitization (n = 47) and children staying healthy (n = 33) up to 7 years of age.ResultsChildren developing allergic disease, particularly asthma, had lower diversity of salivary bacteria together with highly divergent bacterial composition at 7 years of age, showing a clearly altered oral microbiota in these individuals, likely as a consequence of an impaired immune system during infancy. Moreover, the relative amounts of several bacterial species, including increased abundance of Gemella haemolysans in children developing allergies and Lactobacillus gasseri and L. crispatus in healthy children, were distinctive during early infancy, likely influencing early immune maturation.ConclusionEarly changes in oral microbial composition seem to influence immune maturation and allergy development. Future experiments should test the probiotic potential of L. gasseri and L. crispatus isolates.
Genome‐wide association studies for two exterior traits in Chinese Dongxiang spotted pigs
Authors: Wang Chengbin , Wang Xiaopeng , Tang Jianhong , Chen Hao , Zhang Junjie , Li Yiping , Lei Shengrong , Ji Huayuan , Yang Bin , Ren Jun , Ding Nengshui 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPigs show extensive variation in exterior appearance. This variation has been explored as one of the selection targets to form breeding features in the pig industry. In this study, a customized Affymetrix Axiom Pig1.4M array plate was used to conduct genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for two exterior traits—spotted coat color (SC) and facial type (FT)—in Chinese Dongxiang spotted pigs. Two and 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified to be associated with SC and FT at the 5% genome‐wide significant level, respectively. Of these SNPs, two associated with SC were located around the DACH1 gene on Sus Scrofa chromosome (SSC)11. Eleven SNPs associated with FT were located within a 7.68 Mb region (29.03–36.71 Mb) on SSC7. Based on the GWAS results and the biological functions of genes, we highlight EDNRB as a candidate gene for SC and HMGA1 and RPS10 as the potential genes affecting facial variation. The findings contribute to the final characterization of causative genes and mutations underlying the effects of the SSC7 and SSC11 loci and improve our understanding of the genetic basis of phenotypic variation in Chinese indigenous pigs.
Disease site as a determinant of survival outcome in patients with systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma with extranodal involvement: an analysis of 1306 cases from the US National Cancer Database
Authors: Nguyen Kevin A. , Su Chang , Bai Harrison X. , Zhang Zishu , Xiao Rong , Karakousis Giorgos , Zhang Paul J. , Zhang Guiying 
Published: March 2018

SummarySystemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma with extranodal involvement (ALCL‐E) is a rare form of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. No large study in the literature has compared the survival outcomes among different primary extranodal sites of involvement in ALK+ ALCL‐E. We identified 1306 patients with ALK+ ALCL‐E diagnosed between 2004 and 2014 in the US National Cancer Database, among whom 387 had primary extranodal site in the chest/abdomen/pelvis, 103 in the bone, 62 in the central nervous system, 134 in the head and neck and 620 in the cutaneous/soft tissue. Younger age, lower Charlson‐Deyo score, lower clinical stage, receipt of chemotherapy and receipt of radiotherapy were predictors of longer overall survival. Patients with extranodal involvement of central nervous system and chest/abdomen/pelvis had shorter overall survival than those with involvement of head and neck, bone, and cutaneous/subcutaneous tissue after adjusting for confounding variables. We recommend treating these patients upfront with more aggressive therapy.
Conceptualizing waste as a resource: Urban biosolids processing in the rural landscape
Authors: Mason‐Renton Sarah A. , Luginaah Isaac 
Published: March 2018

Key Messages

This research highlights biosolids as both an intruding and uncertain waste product and a valuable and natural fertilizer resource.
Rural residents’ varied relational conceptions of place, time, and technology influenced perceptions of what belonged in or was natural to their community.
Felt rural environmental injustices were contested as residents viewed the biosolids fertilizer as either an intruding inequitable risk or a valuable nutrient belonging in the area.
Chasing a changing climate: Reproductive and dispersal traits predict how sessile species respond to global warming
Authors: Archambault Jennifer M. , Cope W. Gregory , Kwak Thomas J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimStudies of species' range shifts have become increasingly relevant for understanding ecology and biogeography in the face of accelerated global change. The combination of limited mobility and imperilled status places some species at a potentially greater risk of range loss, extirpation or extinction due to climate change. To assess the ability of organisms with limited movement and dispersal capabilities to track shifts associated with climate change, we evaluated reproductive and dispersal traits of freshwater mussels (Unionida), sessile invertebrates that require species‐specific fish for larval dispersal.LocationNorth American Atlantic Slope rivers.MethodsTo understand how unionid mussels may cope with and adapt to current and future warming trends, we identified mechanisms that facilitated their colonization of the northern Atlantic Slope river basins in North America after the Last Glacial Maximum. We compiled species occurrence and life history trait information for each of 55 species, and then selected life history traits for which ample data were available (larval brooding duration, host fish specificity, host infection strategy, and body size) and analysed whether the trait state for each was related to mussel distribution in Atlantic Slope rivers.ResultsBrooding duration (p < .01) and host fish specificity (p = .02) were significantly related to mussel species distribution. Long‐term brooders were more likely than short‐term brooders to colonize formerly glaciated rivers, as were host generalists compared to specialists. Body size and host infection strategy were not predictive of movement into formerly glaciated rivers (p > .10).Main conclusionsOur results are potentially applicable to many species for which life history traits have not been well‐documented, because reproductive and dispersal traits in unionid mussels typically follow phylogenetic relationships. These findings may help resource managers prioritize species according to climate change vulnerability and predict which species might become further imperilled with climate warming. Finally, we suggest that similar trait‐based decision support frameworks may be applicable for other movement limited taxa.
Why resource history matters: age and oviposition history affect oviposition behaviour in exploiters of a mutualism
Authors: Yadav Pratibha , Borges Renee M. 
Published: March 2018

1. Acceptance of hosts for oviposition is often hardwired in short‐lived insects, but can be dynamic at the individual level due to variation in physiological state determinants such as ageing and prior oviposition. However, the effect of the oviposition history of resources together with time taken to accept less preferred hosts in ageing insects has rarely been investigated.2. The time taken by parasitic fig wasps to accept resources with different oviposition histories was recorded in order to investigate the effect of wasp physiological state and resource oviposition history on oviposition behaviour. These wasps, which differ in life‐history traits, oviposit at specific developmental stages of enclosed fig inflorescences called syconia.3. Behavioural assays were performed with naive wasps and wasps aged with and without prior oviposition experience. Syconia at the same developmental stage but differing in oviposition history were offered in no‐choice assays and the time taken to first oviposition attempt was recorded.4. One short‐lived pro‐ovigenic galler species exhibited a decline with age in time taken to accept a syconium for oviposition. The exact timing of the transition from non‐acceptance to acceptance of less preferred syconia was determined in terms of the proportion of elapsed life span at the transition; this occurred at 25% of elapsed life span.5. Longer‐lived parasitoids did not show any decline in specificity despite being aged for 50% of their life span. Therefore, host quality, trophic position, egg load and age may individually affect oviposition decisions or have interaction effects.
Internalized stigma in adults with early phase versus prolonged psychosis
Authors: Firmin Ruth L. , Lysaker Paul H. , Luther Lauren , Yanos Philip T. , Leonhardt Bethany , Breier Alan , Vohs Jenifer L. 
Published: March 2018

AimAlthough internalized stigma is associated with negative outcomes among those with prolonged psychosis, surprisingly little work has focused on when in the course of one’s illness stigma is internalized and the impact of internalization on symptoms or social functioning over the course of the illness. Therefore, this study investigated whether (1) internalized stigma is greater among those later in the course of psychosis and (2) whether internalized stigma has a stronger negative relationship with social functioning or symptoms among those with prolonged compared to early phase psychosis.MethodsIndividuals with early phase (n = 40) and prolonged psychosis (n = 71) who were receiving outpatient services at an early‐intervention clinic and a VA medical center, respectively, completed self‐report measures of internalized stigma and interview‐rated measures of symptoms and social functioning.ResultsControlling for education, race and sex differences, internalized stigma was significantly greater among those with prolonged psychosis compared to early phase. Internalized stigma was negatively related to social functioning and positively related to symptoms in both groups. Furthermore, the magnitude of the relationship between cognitive symptoms and internalized stigma was significantly greater among those with early phase. Stereotype endorsement, discrimination experiences and social withdrawal also differentially related to symptoms and social functioning across the 2 samples.ConclusionsFindings suggest that internalized stigma is an important variable to incorporate into models of early psychosis. Furthermore, internalized stigma may be a possible treatment target among those with early phase psychosis.
Measuring what matters: Using technology to assess multidimensional learning
Authors: Gane Brian D. , Zaidi Sania Z. , Pellegrino James W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this article we describe the challenges associated with assessing complex competencies envisioned as the targets of learning in the 21st century. Such competencies typically reflect the integration of multiple dimensions of knowledge and skill. Technology plays a crucial role in their assessment, from conceptualisation through design, data gathering and interpretation of results. We use the case of science proficiency to illustrate challenges associated with the assessment of the intended products of multidimensional learning and the benefits provided by technology. We frame assessment development as an evidence‐centered design process and illustrate it by using cases drawn from middle school science. We then turn to ways in which assessment systems need to evolve to expand the scope of what can be done in the creation and use of valid, reliable and equitable assessments of complex, multidimensional learning. We conclude by discussing policy implications of technology‐based assessment systems with an emphasis on measuring what matters versus measuring what is easy, since what we choose to assess will become the focus of instruction. Major advances in assessment policy and practice require investment in the development, validation and deployment of technology‐based assessments that reflect the multidimensional competencies identified by contemporary research and theory.
Translucent windows: how uncertainty in competitive interactions impacts detection of community pattern
Authors: D'Andrea Rafael , Ostling Annette , O'Dwyer James P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTraits can provide a window into the mechanisms that maintain coexistence among competing species. Recent theory suggests that competitive interactions will lead to groups, or clusters, of species with similar traits. However, theoretical predictions typically assume complete knowledge of the map between competition and measured traits. These assumptions limit the plausible application of these patterns for inferring competitive interactions in nature. Here, we relax these restrictions and find that the clustering pattern is robust to contributions of unknown or unobserved niche axes. However, it may not be visible unless measured traits are close proxies for niche strategies. We conclude that patterns along single niche axes may reveal properties of interspecific competition in nature, but detecting these patterns requires natural history expertise firmly tying traits to niches.
Increased cerebral blood flow on arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging can localize to seizure focus in newborns: A report of 3 cases
Authors: Mabray Patrick , Thewamit Rapeepat , Whitehead Matthew T. , Kao Amy , Scafidi Joseph , Gaillard William D. , Chang Taeun , Tsuchida Tammy N. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryArterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can assess cerebral blood flow (CBF) without using radiolabeled tracers. It is unknown whether regional increases in CBF on ASL MRI correlate with seizure location in newborns. We report 3 newborns with focal seizures localized on continuous video electroencephalogram (cEEG), anatomical brain MRI, and ASL MRI. Each patient underwent pseudocontinuous ASL with segmented 3‐dimensional fast spin echo readout as part of standard care. Case 1 is a term male infant presenting with left temporal status epilepticus and recurrent cEEG seizures from an idiopathic large left intraventricular hemorrhage. ASL images demonstrated left mesial temporal lobe increased CBF. Case 2 is a late preterm male infant presenting with recurrent cEEG seizures due to focal right megalencephaly. Ictal EEG and ASL images coincided with the focal dysplasia. Case 3 is a dysmorphic term female infant with nonconvulsive partial status epilepticus identified by focal increased CBF of the left temporal lobe on ASL images. The area of increased CBF was within an area of extensive left hemisphere dysplasia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of regional increases in CBF on ASL MRI correlating with ictal cEEG in newborns.
Inverse relationship of epilithic algae and pelagic phosphorus in unproductive lakes: Roles of N2 fixers and light
Authors: Diehl Sebastian , Thomsson Gustaf , Kahlert Maria , Guo Junwen , Karlsson Jan , Liess Antonia 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) often limits the biomass of primary producers in freshwater lakes. However, in unproductive northern lakes, where anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is low, N instead of P can limit primary producers. In addition, light can be limiting to primary producers at high concentrations of coloured dissolved organic matter (cDOM), as cDOM is the major determinant of light penetration in these lakes.

To address resource limitation of epilithic algal biomass, we repeatedly sampled epilithon (periphyton on stony substrata) in 20 lakes covering a large, correlated cDOM and N‐deposition gradient across boreal and subarctic Sweden. Across these lakes, pelagic total N (TN) and total P (TP) were positively correlated, and benthic light supply was negatively correlated, with cDOM. Microscopically determined algal biovolume and epilithic carbon (C), N and P were subsequently regressed against benthic light supply and pelagic TN and TP.

Patterns in epilithic biovolume were driven by N2‐fixing cyanobacteria, which accounted for 2%–90% of total epilithic biovolume. Averaged over the growing season, epilithic algal biovolume, C and N were negatively related to TP and positively to TN, and were highest in the clearest, most phosphorus‐poor lakes, where epilithon was heavily dominated by potentially N2‐fixing cyanobacteria.

A structural equation model supports the hypothesis that cDOM had two counteracting effects on total epilithic algal biovolume: a positive one by providing N to algae that depend on dissolved N for growth, and a negative one by shading N2‐fixing cyanobacteria, with the negative effect being somewhat stronger.

Together, these findings suggest that (1) light and N are the main resources limiting epilithic algal biomass in boreal to subarctic Swedish lakes, (2) epilithic cyanobacteria are more competitive in high‐light and low‐nitrogen environments, where their N2‐fixing ability allows them to reach high biomass, and (3) epilithic N increases with N2 fixer biomass and is—seemingly paradoxically—highest in the most oligotrophic lakes.
Assessment of passive musculoarticular ankle stiffness in children, adolescents and young adults with haemophilic ankle arthropathy
Authors: Lobet S. , Cartiaux O. , Peerlinck K. , Henrard S. , Hermans C. , Detrembleur C. , Deschamps K. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo measure passive musculoarticular ankle stiffness (PMAAS) and its intra‐ and interday reliability in adult control subjects without ankle disorders. We also sought to quantify PMAAS in children, adolescents and young adults with haemophilia (CAAwH) taking into account the accurate tibiotalar and subtalar joints structural status obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsWe included 23 CAAwH and 23 typically developing boys (TDB) matched by age, weight and height, along with 25 healthy volunteers for reliability assessment. All CAAwH underwent bilateral ankle MRI, with anatomical status assessed using the International Prophylaxis Study Group MRI scale. All CAAwH underwent PMAAS testing for both sides randomly vs the dominant side (DS) in TDBs. For assessing viscous stiffness (VS) and elastic stiffness (ES), eight different oscillation frequencies were randomly repeated three times for each subject.ResultsGood‐to‐excellent intra‐ and interday reliability was observed for ES and VS variables. No relevant differences were observed between the ankle viscoelastic properties in CAAwH without joint damage and matched TDBs, whereas the study revealed significantly increased ES in the affected ankles of CAAwH with severe unilateral joint involvement compared to the non‐affected joint.ConclusionThis study confirmed increased ES in the severely affected ankles of CAAwH compared to non‐affected sides. No differences in the ankle viscoelastic properties of CAAwH with or without joint damage were observed, however, compared to matched TDB.
The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia may differ according to age and cigarette smoking
Authors: Park Hyunsung , Park Jae Jun , Park Yoo Mi , Baik Su Jung , Lee Hyun Ju , Jung Da Hyun , Kim Jie‐Hyun , Youn Young Hoon , Park Hyojin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe association between Helicobacter pylori infection and advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) remains controversial. This study aimed to clarify the association between H. pylori infection and ACN according to age groups.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the association between H. pylori infection and ACN in patients aged <50 and ≥50 years receiving a health checkup that included colonoscopy. Helicobacter pylori positivity was determined by the results of serum anti‐H. pylori immunoglobulin G or rapid urease test, if the anti‐H. pylori immunoglobulin G was in the borderline range.ResultsAmong the 19 337 patients who were included, 56.2% and 3.4% were positive for H. pylori and ACN, respectively. Helicobacter pylori infection independently increased the risk of ACN in patients aged <50 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.602; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.194‐2.150) but not in patients aged ≥50 years (OR, 1.046; 95% CI, 0.863‐1.268). The positive association between H. pylori infection and ACN was affected by smoking history. When stratified by age and smoking history, H. pylori infection conferred an increased risk of ACN in patients aged <50 years with a history of smoking (OR, 1.926; 95% CI, 1.336‐2.775) but not in the other 3 groups (3‐way interaction test P = .023). Among patients aged <50 years with ACN, ACN in the left colon was found more frequently in patients with H. pylori infection and a history of smoking than in those without (69.3% vs 54.4%, respectively; P = .031).ConclusionsHelicobacter pylori infection confers an increased risk of ACN, but the association may differ according to age and smoking history.
Effects of knee loading on obesity‐related non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in an ovariectomized mouse model with high‐fat diet
Authors: Tan Nian , Li Xinle , Zhai Lidong , Liu Daquan , Li Jie , Yokota Hiroki , Zhang Ping 
Published: March 2018

AimHormonal and nutritional disorders are the main causes of obesity and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially in the elderly and in postmenopausal women. Although physical activity might alleviate these disorders, the elderly may often have difficulty in carrying out physical exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of knee loading, a new form of physical stimulation, on the symptoms of obesity and fatty liver.MethodsUsing ovariectomized mice fed a high‐fat diet, we evaluated the effect of knee loading that applies gentle cyclic loads to the knee. Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: control (SCD), high‐fat diet (HF), HF with loading (HF + L), HF with ovariectomy (HF + OVX), and HF + OVX with loading (HF + OVX + L). Except for SCD, mice underwent sham operation or ovariectomy and were maintained on HF diet. After 6 weeks, the mice in the HF + L and HF + OVX + L groups were treated with knee loading for 6 weeks.ResultsCompared to the obesity groups (HF and HF + OVX), knee loading significantly decreased a gain in body weight, liver weight, and white adipose tissue (all P < 0.01). It also reduced the lipid level in the serum (P < 0.01) and histological severity of hepatic steatosis (P < 0.01). Furthermore, knee loading downregulated biomarkers related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (GRP78, p‐eIF2α, and ATF4) and altered biomarkers in autophagy (LC3 and p62).ConclusionsKnee loading suppressed obesity‐associated metabolic alterations and hepatic steatosis. These effects with knee loading might be associated with suppression of ER stress and promotion of autophagy.