bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open and Endovascular Management of Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Murphy B. , Dejong C. H. C. , Winter D. C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) is a life‐threatening surgical emergency resulting from thromboembolic occlusion of the mesenteric vasculature. Traditional management of AMI has been open revascularisation with or without bowel resection—a procedure which carries considerable morbidity and mortality in an already unwell, compromised patient. Endovascular and more minimally invasive management approaches to AMI have been reported. Proponents of endovascular management suggest this approach may be associated with reduced morbidity and mortality compared with open surgery.ObjectivesTo assess the impact of endovascular approach for AMI on mortality and need for subsequent laparotomy and/or bowel resection.Data SourcesThe search bodies PubMed and Medline were interrogated.Eligibility Criteria, Participants and InterventionsAll studies in English with greater than 10 patients examining outcomes for patients undergoing endovascular intervention for acute mesenteric ischaemia were included. All patients over 18 years presenting with a diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischaemia secondary to an arterial thromboembolic source were included. Studies examining endovascular intervention alone or endovascular and open intervention were selected.ResultsThe 30‐day mortality for endovascular approach from all 13 studies was 16–42%. Of the 7 comparative studies including results of open revascularisation, the 30‐day mortality for patient treated with an endovascular approach was 15–39% versus 33–50% for open revascularisation. Laparotomy rates post‐initial endovascular intervention ranged from 13 to 73%. Bowel resection post‐endovascular therapy ranged from 14 to 40% among studies. Concerning 7 comparative studies for open versus endovascular revascularisation, the rate of bowel resection in the endovascular group ranged 14–28% and 33–63% in the open cohort. Endovascular intervention also demonstrated lower median length (s) of bowel resected.LimitationsHeterogeneity of studies and patient populations studied including selection bias.Conclusions and implications of findingsEndovascular management may be associated with reduced mortality and need for/length of bowel resection compared with the traditional open approach, but there remains a paucity of robust data to support this. The available literature illustrates that a subgroup of patients without haemodynamic compromise and more insidious onset may garner benefit from endovascular intervention.
Effects of long-term magnesium sulfate crystallisation tests on abrasion and durability of andesite aggregates
Authors: Czinder Balázs , Török Ákos 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe durability of aggregates against salt weathering is calculated after five cycles of immersion in a magnesium sulfate solution followed by drying according to the relevant European standard (EN 1367–2: 2010). The aim of the study is to investigate the long-term durability of aggregates by increasing the number of cycles of the salt crystallization test from the standardized five to a maximum of 35. Three andesite types from Hungarian quarries were tested representing three different localities. The weight loss of the specimens was determined after every 5-cycle set. Results were documented for three size-fractions 10.0/11.2 mm, 11.2/14.0 mm and the 10.0/14.0 mm, respectively. Relationships between immersion-drying cycles and magnesium sulfate values were described by the Pearson-coefficient. According to the test results, the magnesium sulfate values followed linearly increasing tendencies in the course of the long-term salt crystallization tests. Parallel to the salt-weathering tests, the changes in the mechanical properties of the salt-attacked aggregates were also detected by micro-Deval tests (EN 1097–1: 2012). The changes in micro-Deval coefficients were calculated in the form of a decay factor as a function of sulfate cycles. The results suggest that the micro-Deval coefficient does not rise after a certain salt cycle; i.e. higher number of salt-crystallisation cycles does not necessarily reduce the micro-Deval coefficient of studied andesite lithologies.
Profile of women with anal neoplasia associated with cervical neoplasia receiving care at a tertiary healthcare facility in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Almeida Gian Francisco , Heráclio Sandra , Souza Alex Sandro Rolland , Amorim Melania M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective To describe the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory profiles of women with anal neoplasia associated with cervical neoplasia attending a tertiary healthcare facility in northeastern Brazil.Methods This epidemiological, descriptive study was conducted using a database from a cross-sectional study carried out between December 2008 and January 2016. Women with a diagnosis of cervical neoplasia associated with anal neoplasia were included in the present study.Results Of the women with cervical neoplasia, 14% were found to have an anal intraepithelial lesion or anal cancer. Median age was 33 years, 68% were non-white, and 70% were from urban regions, had little schooling and low income. Most reported having had anoreceptive (73%) and unprotected intercourse (84%). Regarding symptoms, 7% reported bleeding and 11% pruritus. Overall, 10% of the sample tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus. Anal cytology was abnormal in 92%. High-resolution anoscopy was abnormal in all cases. Histopathology revealed three cases of invasive carcinoma and high-grade lesions in 32% of the cases.Conclusion Women with a diagnosis of anal and cervical neoplasia are often young, non-white women, who initiated their sexual life at an early age, were exposed to unprotected anoreceptive intercourse, live in urban centers, have little schooling and a low-income level.
The exact asymptotics of the large deviation probabilities in the multivariate boundary crossing problem
Authors: Pan Yuqing , Borovkov Konstantin A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFor a multivariate random walk with independent and identically distributed jumps satisfying the Cramér moment condition and having mean vector with at least one negative component, we derive the exact asymptotics of the probability of ever hitting the positive orthant that is being translated to infinity along a fixed vector with positive components. This problem is motivated by and extends results of Avram et al. (2008) on a two-dimensional risk process. Our approach combines the large deviation techniques from a series of papers by Borovkov and Mogulskii from around 2000 with new auxiliary constructions, enabling us to extend their results on hitting remote sets with smooth boundaries to the case of boundaries with a ‘corner’ at the ‘most probable hitting point’. We also discuss how our results can be extended to the case of more general target sets.
DIMENSIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY: FREEDOM OF ACTION AND FREEDOM OF WILL
Authors: Kane Robert 
Published: September 2019

Abstract:In this essay, I distinguish two dimensions of responsibility: (i) responsibility for expressing the will (character, motives, and purposes) one has in action (voluntarily and without constraint) and (ii) responsibility for having the will one expresses in action. I argue that taking both of these dimensions into account is necessary to do full justice to our understanding of moral responsibility and our ordinary practices of holding persons responsible in moral and legal contexts. I further argue that the distinction between these dimensions of responsibility is importantly related to understanding age-old debates about the freedom of the will. For the first dimension of responsibility is historically related to the freedom of action—the power to freely express the will one already has in action. While the second dimension is historically related to the freedom of the will—the power to freely form or shape that will one may later express in action. And I argue that while the freedom of action so defined may be compatible with determinism, the freedom of will, and the deeper responsibility associated with it for forming one’s own will, which I call “ultimate responsibility,” are not compatible with a thoroughgoing determinism. In arguing throughout the essay for these claims and for the need to take into account both of these dimensions to do full justice to our understanding of moral responsibility, I consider ordinary practices of holding persons responsible in a variety of moral and legal contexts, discussing in the process H. L. A. Hart’s “fair opportunity to avoid wrongdoing” criterion for assessing responsibility and blame in legal and criminal contexts, the relevance of recent experimental studies about folk intuitions concerning assessments of responsibility and blame, Harry Frankfurt’s critique of the “principle of alternative possibilities,” the distinction between “will-settled” and “will-setting” actions, and contemporary critiques of the very possibility and intelligibility of an ultimate responsibility for forming one’s own will that would be incompatible with determinism.
A Multimodel Approach for Improving Seasonal Probabilistic Forecasts of Regional Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Dirkson A. , Denis B. , Merryfield W.J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe formulate seasonal probabilistic forecasts of Arctic sea ice concentration from a multimodel (MM) ensemble constructed from six state‐of‐the‐art climate models. Trend‐adjusted quantile mapping is applied to postprocess individual model forecasts prior to MM combination, and a comparison is made against two benchmark MM ensembles: one uncorrected and another where individual models are adjusted for mean and trend bias. Focusing on September hindcasts over 2000–2015 initialized monthly from April–August, calibration improves forecast skill for all models tested, but greatest skill is achieved by the calibrated MM ensemble. Compared against a climatology adjusted for trends, skill is seen over most of the Arctic for all MM formulations and at all lead times, with highest skill obtained by the calibrated MM ensemble. Furthermore, despite the overall skill for each MM formulation, we find evidence of the “spring predictability skill barrier” for forecasts initialized before June.
Simultaneous Dependence of the Earthquake‐Size Distribution on Faulting Style and Depth
Authors: Petruccelli A. , Gasperini P. , Tormann T. , Schorlemmer D. , Rinaldi A.P. , Vannucci G. , Wiemer S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe analyze two high‐quality Southern Californian earthquake catalogues, one with focal mechanisms, to statistically model and test for dependencies of the earthquake‐size distribution, the b values, on both faulting style and depth. In our null hypothesis, b is assumed constant. We then develop and calibrate one model based only on faulting style, another based only on depth dependence and two models that assume a simultaneous dependence on both parameters. We develop a new maximum‐likelihood estimator corrected for the degrees of freedom to assess models' performances. Our results show that all models significantly reject the null hypothesis. The best performing is the one that simultaneously takes account of depth and faulting style. Our results suggest that differential stress variations in the Earth's crust systematically influence b values and that this variability should be considered for contemporary seismic hazard studies.
Ultra‐long Duration of Seismic Ground Motion Arising From a Thick, Low‐Velocity Sedimentary Wedge
Authors: Kaneko Yoshihiro , Ito Yoshihiro , Chow Bryant , Wallace Laura M. , Tape Carl , Grapenthin Ronni , D'Anastasio Elisabetta , Henrys Stuart , Hino Ryota 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSedimentary basins are known to amplify and increase the duration of ground motions that accompany earthquakes. A similar phenomenon is expected, but not as well documented, in low seismic‐velocity accretionary prisms along subduction margins. In this study, we report anomalously long duration of long‐period ground motions observed in the North Island of New Zealand during seismic wave propagation from the M7.8 Kaikoura earthquake ∼600 km away. Unique waveform data captured by strong‐motion, high‐rate GPS and ocean bottom pressure sensors reveal that long‐period ground motions lasted longer than 450 s in the northeastern North Island. These waveforms indicate one of the longest durations of long‐period (>10 s) ground motions ever recorded at similar epicentral distances for comparable, large earthquakes. To understand the underlying mechanism, we use numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation. We find that a velocity model that includes an accretionary prism, modeled as a large‐scale (∼30,000 km2) wedge characterized by extremely low seismic wave speeds, can explain the observed long durations of long‐period ground motions as the reverberations of seismic waves within the low‐velocity wedge. We show that the long duration of long‐period ground motions leads to prolonged dynamic stressing on the plate interface, likely accentuating the triggering of slow slip that occurred following the Kaikoura earthquake. Accretionary prisms characterized by extremely low seismic velocities may enhance the generation of tsunami earthquakes and dynamic triggering of slow slip events observed in the northern Hikurangi and other subduction margins.
PaCTS 1.0: A Crowdsourced Reporting Standard for Paleoclimate Data
Authors: Khider D. , Emile‐Geay J. , McKay N. P. , Gil Y. , Garijo D. , Ratnakar V. , Alonso‐Garcia M. , Bertrand S. , Bothe O. , Brewer P. , Bunn A. , Chevalier M. , Comas‐Bru L. , Csank A. , Dassié E. , DeLong K. , Felis T. , Francus P. , Frappier A. , Gray W. , Goring S. , Jonkers L. , Kahle M. , Kaufman D. , Kehrwald N. M. , Martrat B. , McGregor H. , Richey J. , Schmittner A. , Scroxton N. , Sutherland E. , Thirumalai K. , Allen K. , Arnaud F. , Axford Y. , Barrows T. , Bazin L. , Pilaar Birch S. E. , Bradley E. , Bregy J. , Capron E. , Cartapanis O. , Chiang H.‐W. , Cobb K. M. , Debret M. , Dommain R. , Du J. , Dyez K. , Emerick S. , Erb M. P. , Falster G. , Finsinger W. , Fortier D. , Gauthier Nicolas , George S. , Grimm E. , Hertzberg J. , Hibbert F. , Hillman A. , Hobbs W. , Huber M. , Hughes A. L. C. , Jaccard S. , Ruan J. , Kienast M. , Konecky B. , Le Roux G. , Lyubchich V. , Novello V. F. , Olaka L. , Partin J. W. , Pearce C. , Phipps S. J. , Pignol C. , Piotrowska N. , Poli M.‐S. , Prokopenko A. , Schwanck F. , Stepanek C. , Swann G. E. A. , Telford R. , Thomas E. , Thomas Z. , Truebe S. , von Gunten L. , Waite A. , Weitzel N. , Wilhelm B. , Williams J. , Williams J. J. , Winstrup M. , Zhao N. , Zhou Y. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe progress of science is tied to the standardization of measurements, instruments, and data. This is especially true in the Big Data age, where analyzing large data volumes critically hinges on the data being standardized. Accordingly, the lack of community‐sanctioned data standards in paleoclimatology has largely precluded the benefits of Big Data advances in the field. Building upon recent efforts to standardize the format and terminology of paleoclimate data, this article describes the Paleoclimate Community reporTing Standard (PaCTS), a crowdsourced reporting standard for such data. PaCTS captures which information should be included when reporting paleoclimate data, with the goal of maximizing the reuse value of paleoclimate data sets, particularly for synthesis work and comparison to climate model simulations. Initiated by the LinkedEarth project, the process to elicit a reporting standard involved an international workshop in 2016, various forms of digital community engagement over the next few years, and grassroots working groups. Participants in this process identified important properties across paleoclimate archives, in addition to the reporting of uncertainties and chronologies; they also identified archive‐specific properties and distinguished reporting standards for new versus legacy data sets. This work shows that at least 135 respondents overwhelmingly support a drastic increase in the amount of metadata accompanying paleoclimate data sets. Since such goals are at odds with present practices, we discuss a transparent path toward implementing or revising these recommendations in the near future, using both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches.
PTSS in Fathers of VLBW Infants Two to Four Years Postpartum: A Pilot Study
Authors: Alexander Amy L. , Clarke Paul , Rushworth Imogen , Mastroyannopoulou Kiki 
Published: September 2019

Aim: The aim of the study was to conduct a pilot study to compare fathers of very low birth weight (VLBW; <1,500 g) infants and term infants at 2–4 years postpartum for self-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) related to the previous birth of their baby and for depression and anxiety. The prevalence of paternal PTSS was compared with that of a historical cohort of mothers of VLBW infants followed up at a similar postnatal age. Method: Twenty-six fathers of VLBW infants and 22 fathers of term infants completed 4 validated psychological questionnaires at 2–4 years postpartum. Results: PTSS levels were significantly higher in fathers of VLBW infants than in fathers of term infants, and PTSS levels did not differ significantly between fathers and the mothers of VLBW infants of a historical cohort. There was a significant association between perceived levels of social support and PTSS severity in fathers of VLBW infants but not for their anxiety or depression severity. Conclusion: PTSS directly related to the birth of their VLBW infants are present in fathers at 2–4 years postpartum and occur at similar levels to those found in mothers of VLBW infants. Routine screening for PTSS in fathers of VLBW infants is important, and targeted psychological support should be offered. Larger-scale studies in the area are needed to elucidate further information about PTSS in fathers postpartum. Implications for Impact Statement Fathers of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants infants experience significantly greater levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms than fathers of term infants, 2–4 years postpartum. Fathers of VLBW infants experience similarly high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms to mothers of VLBW infants at 2–4 years postpartum. These findings highlight the importance of screening fathers for such difficulties and the need to implement psychological support for them.
A hybrid organic–inorganic polariton LED
Authors: Jayaprakash Rahul , Georgiou Kyriacos , Coulthard Harriet , Askitopoulos Alexis , Rajendran Sai K. , Coles David M. , Musser Andrew J. , Clark Jenny , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Turnbull Graham A. , Lagoudakis Pavlos G. , Lidzey David G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolaritons are quasi-particles composed of a superposition of excitons and photons that can be created within a strongly coupled optical microcavity. Here, we describe a structure in which a strongly coupled microcavity containing an organic semiconductor is coupled to a second microcavity containing a series of weakly coupled inorganic quantum wells. We show that optical hybridisation occurs between the optical modes of the two cavities, creating a delocalised polaritonic state. By electrically injecting electron–hole pairs into the inorganic quantum-well system, we are able to transfer energy between the cavities and populate organic-exciton polaritons. Our approach represents a new strategy to create highly efficient devices for emerging ‘polaritonic’ technologies.
Examining charitable giving in real-world online donations
Authors: Sisco Matthew R. , Weber Elke U. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe current study uses big data to study prosocial behavior by analyzing donations made on the GoFundMe platform. In a dataset of more than $44 million in online donations, we find that 21% were made while opting to be anonymous to the public, with survey results indicating that 11% of these anonymous donations (2.3% of all donations) are not attributable to any egoistic goal. Additionally, we find that donors gave significantly more to recipients who had the same last name as them. We find evidence that men and women donated more when more donors of the opposite sex were visible on the screen at the time of donating. Our results suggest that men and women were both significantly affected by the average donation amounts visible at the time of their decisions, and men were influenced more. We find that women expressed significantly more empathy than men in messages accompanying their donations.
Genetic programming of macrophages to perform anti-tumor functions using targeted mRNA nanocarriers
Authors: Zhang F. , Parayath N. N. , Ene C. I. , Stephan S. B. , Koehne A. L. , Coon M. E. , Holland E. C. , Stephan M. T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) usually express an M2 phenotype, which enables them to perform immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting functions. Reprogramming these TAMs toward an M1 phenotype could thwart their pro-cancer activities and unleash anti-tumor immunity, but efforts to accomplish this are nonspecific and elicit systemic inflammation. Here we describe a targeted nanocarrier that can deliver in vitro-transcribed mRNA encoding M1-polarizing transcription factors to reprogram TAMs without causing systemic toxicity. We demonstrate in models of ovarian cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma that infusions of nanoparticles formulated with mRNAs encoding interferon regulatory factor 5 in combination with its activating kinase IKKβ reverse the immunosuppressive, tumor-supporting state of TAMs and reprogram them to a phenotype that induces anti-tumor immunity and promotes tumor regression. We further establish that these nanoreagents are safe for repeated dosing. Implemented in the clinic, this immunotherapy could enable physicians to obviate suppressive tumors while avoiding systemic treatments that disrupt immune homeostasis.
The moderating role of SES on genetic differences in educational achievement in the Netherlands
Authors: de Zeeuw Eveline L. , Kan Kees-Jan , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E. M. , Mbarek Hamdi , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Davies Gareth E. , Neale Michael C. , Dolan Conor V. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractParental socioeconomic status (SES) is a strong predictor of children’s educational achievement (EA), with an increasing effect throughout development. Inequality in educational outcomes between children from different SES backgrounds exists in all Western countries. It has been proposed that a cause of this inequality lies in the interplay between genetic effects and SES on EA, which might depend on society and the equality of the education system. This study adopted two approaches, a classical twin design and polygenic score (PGS) approach, to address the effect of parental SES on EA in a large sample of 12-year-old Dutch twin pairs (2479 MZ and 4450 DZ twin pairs with PGSs for educational attainment available in 2335 children) from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR). The findings of this study indicated that average EA increased with increasing parental SES. The difference in EA between boys and girls became smaller in the higher SES groups. The classical twin design analyses based on genetic covariance structure modeling pointed to lower genetic, environmental, and thus phenotypic variation in EA at higher SES. Independent from a child’s PGS, parental SES predicted EA. However, the strength of the association between PGS and EA did not depend on parental SES. In a within-family design, the twin with a higher PGS scored higher on EA than the co-twin, demonstrating that the effect of the PGS on EA was at least partly independent from parental SES. To conclude, EA depended on SES both directly and indirectly, and SES moderated the additive genetic and environmental components of EA. Adding information from PGS, in addition to parental SES, improved the prediction of children’s EA.