bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are There Gains to Joining a Union? Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Gutiérrez Rufrancos Héctor 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnion density in Mexico has been in decline since the 1980s. This article provides evidence on the worker compensation gains (losses) made by males upon joining (leaving) a union. These are estimated using a nationally representative labour market survey covering 2005q1–2016q1. The transitions between non‐union and union status are investigated using a difference‐in‐difference estimator. The findings suggest that joining a union is associated with modest wage gains, contrary to what the literature has shown for most industrialized nations. However, in contrast to this, some union leavers are found to experience a decrease in wages. This article also contributes to the wider literature by providing the first estimates of the longitudinal gain (loss) associated with joining (leaving) a union with respect to non‐wage benefits. The findings show joining (leaving) a union increases (decreases) the probability of being in receipt of legally guaranteed benefits such as bonuses and paid holidays. This suggests that although union density may be in decline, unions still have an important role to play in voicing worker's preferences with respect to compensation and ensuring that employers comply with the law.
Socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol use and some related consequences from a household perspective in Vietnam
Authors: Hanh Hoang Thi My , Assanangkornchai Sawitri , Geater Alan Frederick , Hanh Vu Thi Minh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAlcohol‐related harm reduction may target individuals, their households or communities. This study investigates the prevalence of and socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol use and alcohol‐related consequences (injury, accident, property loss and interpersonal violence) at the family‐level.Designs and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 2394 households was conducted in eight provinces from six socioeconomic regions and two metropolitan cities in Vietnam. Family‐level alcohol use and injury were computed from individual data, while other measures were on a household basis. Unstandardised and indirectly standardised concentration index was used to measure degree of expenditure‐based inequality in alcohol use and its consequences.ResultsOver the previous 12 months, 88.5% and 46.2% of households had at least one current‐drinker and one heavy episodic drinking person, and in 41.7% the heavy episodic drinking person was the breadwinner. About 5.3% of households suffered alcohol‐related injury, accident or property loss; 11.4% reported alcohol‐related interpersonal violence. Poor and near‐poor households suffered the double‐burdens of both having heavy episodic drinking person and alcohol‐related harm. A modest socioeconomic gradient was observed with all types of drinker, more concentrated among higher living‐standard households, especially in urban areas. However, there was a persistent high‐level inequality disadvantaging lower living‐standard families, especially in rural areas, in suffering all measured alcohol‐related harms.Discussion and ConclusionsAlcohol use and alcohol‐related consequences are highly prevalent in Vietnam. Lower socioeconomic households, especially in rural areas, are important target groups for alcohol‐related harm prevention and reduction interventions. The concentration index appeared to be a useful measure of inequalities in alcohol‐related harms.
The rate of environmental fluctuations shapes ecological dynamics in a two‐species microbial system
Authors: Rodríguez‐Verdugo Alejandra , Vulin Clément , Ackermann Martin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSpecies interactions change when the external conditions change. How these changes affect microbial community properties is an open question. We address this question using a two‐species consortium in which species interactions change from exploitation to competition depending on the carbon source provided. We built a mathematical model and calibrated it using single‐species growth measurements. This model predicted that low frequencies of change between carbon sources lead to species loss, while intermediate and high frequencies of change maintained both species. We experimentally confirmed these predictions by growing co‐cultures in fluctuating environments. These findings complement more established concepts of a diversity peak at intermediate disturbance frequencies. They also provide a mechanistic understanding for how the dynamics at the community level emerges from single‐species behaviours and interspecific interactions. Our findings suggest that changes in species interactions can profoundly impact the ecological dynamics and properties of microbial systems.
Socio‐economic inequality in oral health in childhood to young adulthood, despite full dental coverage
Authors: Verlinden Deborah A. , Reijneveld Sijmen A. , Lanting Caren I. , van Wouwe Jacobus P. , Schuller Annemarie A. 
Published: February 2019

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to assess differences in caries experience according to socio‐economic status (SES) in a health‐care system with full coverage of dental costs for children up to the age of 18 yr. In 2011 and 2014, by performing hurdle negative binomial models, we obtained data on 3,022 children and young adults aged 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, and 23 yr, living in four cities in the Netherlands. At all ages between 5 and 23 yr, the percentages of children with caries‐free dentitions were lower and mean caries experience were higher in low‐SES than in high‐SES participants. In 5‐yr‐old children with dmft > 0, mean caries experience was 3.6 in those with low SES and 2.3 in those with high SES. In 23‐yr‐old participants, these estimates were 6.8 and 4.4, respectively (P < 0.05). Low‐SES children have a greater risk of more caries experience than high‐SES children. Thus, in a system with full free paediatric dental coverage, socio‐economic inequality in caries experience still exists. Dental health professionals, well‐child care doctors and nurses, general practitioners, and elementary school teachers should collaborate to promote oral health at the community level, with specific targeting of low‐SES families. We further need policy measures to curtail, at community level, the increasing availability and consumption of highly processed, carbohydrate‐rich foods, with particular attention for low‐SES families.
A rational, multispectral mapping algorithm for primary motor cortex: A primary step before cortical stimulation
Authors: Neshige Shuichiro , Kobayashi Katsuya , Matsuhashi Masao , Hitomi Takefumi , Shimotake Akihiro , Kikuchi Takayuki , Yoshida Kazumichi , Kunieda Takeharu , Matsumoto Riki , Miyamoto Susumu , Takahashi Ryosuke , Maruyama Hirofumi , Ikeda Akio 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveFor future artificial intelligence–based brain mapping, development of a rational and safe scoring system for a brain motor mapping algorithm using electrocorticography (ECoG score), which contains various spectral, purely intrinsic brain activities, is necessary for either before or in the absence of electrical cortical stimulation (ECS).MethodsWe evaluated 1114 electrodes of 10 consecutive focal epilepsy patients who underwent subdural electrode implantation before epilepsy surgery at Kyoto University Hospital during 2011‐2017. Data from ECoG‐based mapping (bandpass filter of 0.016‐300/600 Hz) to define the primary motor area (M1) localization were used to create an ECoG score (range = 0‐4) by assigning 1 point each for the occurrence of ECoG components: very slow movement‐related cortical potentials (<0.5‐1.0 Hz), event‐related synchronization (76‐100 Hz or 100‐200 Hz), and event‐related desynchronization (8‐12 Hz or 12‐24 Hz). The ECoG score was assessed by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff values of the score for localization concordance with M1 defined using only ECS as a reference.ResultsWith an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.76, cutoffs of scores of 4 and 1 showed high specificity (94%) and sensitivity (98%) in concordance with ECS‐based mapping, respectively. The ECoG score for mapping M1 of the upper limb achieved greater accuracy (AUC = 0.85) compared to that of the face (AUC = 0.64).SignificanceThe ECoG score proposed in the present study is rational, simple, and useful to define M1, and it is spatially concordant with ECS. Although ECS is still widely employed for presurgical examination, our proposed application of the ECoG score may be suitable for future brain M1 mapping, and possibly beyond M1 mapping, independently of ECS.
Post‐intensive care unit respiratory failure in older patients liberated from intensive care unit and ventilator: The predictive value of the National Early Warning Score on intensive care unit discharge
Authors: Chen Yu‐Chun , Yu Wen‐Kuang , Ko Hsin‐Kuo , Pan Sheng‐Wei , Chen Yen‐Wen , Ho Li‐Ing , Bien Mauo‐Ying , Wang Jia‐Horng , Chan Yu‐Jiun , Kou Yu Ru 
Published: February 2019

AimThe older adult population is continuously growing worldwide and there is increasing use of medical recourse in older patients, especially for those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) care and mechanical ventilation (MV). The present study aimed to investigate the burden and predictors of post‐ICU respiratory failure in older ICU patients weaned from MV.MethodsIn the present retrospective study, older ICU patients aged ≥60 years, who were successfully weaned from MV and discharged to the general ward from the ICU of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, in 2011, were included. Biomarkers on ICU discharge, as well as the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) were recorded and calculated. The outcome measure was post‐ICU respiratory failure before day 14 (PIRF‐14) requiring reinstitution of MV. Logistical regression was used to assess the predictors for PIRF‐14.ResultsOf 272 patients included, 23 (8.5%) developed PIRF‐14. The post‐ICU in‐hospital mortality rates were 47.8% and 6.8% in patients with and without PIRF‐14 (adjusted OR 12.597, 95% CI 4.368–36.331). In a multivariate analysis, the levels of NEWS and hemoglobin on ICU discharge were independent predictors for PIRF‐14 (adjusted OR 1.273, 95% CI 1.076–1.507 and 0.645, 95% CI 0.474–0.879). In particular, patients with a NEWS of ≥10 and subsequent PIRF‐14 had a 15‐fold increased risk of mortality as compared with those without both factors (adjusted OR 15.418, 95% CI 4.344–54.720).ConclusionsPIRF‐14 is associated with high mortality in older ICU patients, and NEWS is a significant predictor for PIRF‐14, which could be used to early identify patients at risk of post‐ICU respiratory failure in the specific population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 317–322.
The effects of the PRISMA statement to improve the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of nursing interventions for patients with heart failure
Authors: Liu Haihua , Zhou Xiaobin , Yu Guoyi , Sun Xiao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsThe study aims to evaluate the reporting and methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses on nursing interventions in the field of heart failure and investigate whether reporting and methodological quality has been improved after PRISMA statement was published.MethodsPubmed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, and Embase databases were searched from inception of databases to July 31, 2018. Two authors independently extracted data from October 1, 2018, to October 31, 2018. AMSTAR and PRISMA checklists were used to assessed methodological and reporting quality.ResultsThe 50 English articles satisfied inclusion criteria and were published from 2001 to 2017. After introduction of PRISMA statement, significant improvement in reporting of the following items was found: title, search, risk of bias in individual studies, summary measures, study selection, synthesis of results, summary of evidence for PRISMA checklists, and scientific quality of included studies provided (item 7) for AMSTAR checklists.ConclusionThere were higher methodological and reporting quality after publication of PRISMA. We recommend authors, readers, reviewers, and editors to become more acquainted with and to more strictly adhere to the PRISMA and AMSTAR.
Occupational values of nurses who succeeded their mothers in nursing
Authors: Lee Kyoung Ju , Kim Miyoung 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate how nurses who succeeded their mothers in the occupation are affected by their mothers and to explore how such nurses value their occupation.BackgroundAlthough children who succeed their parents in an occupation have shown high job satisfaction and persistence, no study has presented this phenomenon in nursing perspectives.DesignA qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis.MethodsData were collected from July 2016–September 2017 through in‐depth interviews with seven mother–daughter nurse dyads. Data were analysed using dyadic analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsThree essential themes were derived: having affection for nursing per se; regarding the person per se as the primary value in nursing, instead of the person as a patient; and making a resolution to become a good nurse to follow their mothers’ footsteps. Person‐centred nursing was the core occupational value of nurses who succeeded their mothers in nursing.ConclusionAlthough daughters felt burdened by following their mothers into the nursing profession, they had a sense of responsibility to fulfill their duties in nursing and indicated that maintaining a balance between being responsible and feeling burdened was more important than anything else.ImpactThe present study can serve as a useful educational material for understanding the consequences of the succession of parents’ occupation in the perspective of nursing. It illustrates how nurses who succeed their mothers in the profession are influenced by their mothers to value person‐centred nursing and subsequently their rapid clinical adaptation.
Whose Side Are You On? Explaining the Extent to which National Interest Groups Support States in Global Politics
Authors: Hanegraaff Marcel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article builds on the growing literature on lobbying in a multilevel context. Whereas previous studies have sought to explain why national groups start lobbying at the transnational level, this articles examines the policy positions of interest groups once they are active at this level. The main argument is that group type is a key factor for explaining the level of interest group support for states, yet the effect of group type is conditional on the institutional and issue contexts. The data for analysis are derived from 198 interviews conducted with representatives from businesses and NGOs at the Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization and the UN Climate Summit negotiations in 2011 and 2012. The results confirm that business groups support states much more often than NGOs do. Yet, the amount of support varies substantially across a country's level of development and democracy, and the salience of issues.
Renegotiation Versus Brexit: The Question of the UK's Constitutional Relationship with the EU
Authors: Vasilopoulou Sofia , Keith Dan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article examines how the British public perceived UK Prime Minister David Cameron's plan to renegotiate his country's relationship with the EU. It asks whether attitudes towards renegotiation followed a similar pattern to attitudes towards Brexit. It asks: are preferences towards renegotiation and Brexit related, and did British citizens perceive them as conflicting or complementary? We modelled the similarities and differences between these two types of preferences, which allowed us to classify the attitudes into four patterns: unconditional europhiles, rejectionist eurosceptics, risk‐averse eurosceptics and power‐seeking eurosceptics. Using a large‐N cross‐sectional survey conducted in the UK in April 2015 (n = 3000), our findings suggest that similar utilitarian concerns underpinned both types of preferences; but education and partisan cues differentiated them. Our findings have implications for understanding the result of the UK referendum. They also highlight the complex considerations that drive citizens’ attitudes towards the EU and help us predict the scope of public acceptance of EU reform initiatives by other governments.
Long‐term results of crown fragment reattachment techniques for fractured anterior teeth: A retrospective case‐control study
Authors: Sarapultseva Maria , Sarapultsev Alexey 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveAmong the techniques used by pediatric dentists for the crown fracture is the fragment reattachment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term survival of the tooth reattachment in comparison to the composite restoration technique.MethodsThe study included 67 patients aged 7‐9 years (males 38/56.7%; females 29/43.3%), with noncomplicated fractures of permanent teeth. The patients were divided into two groups; group A included 32 patients (males 18/56.2%; females 14/43.8%; total number of affected tooth 36), and group B comprised 35 patients (males 20/57.1%; females 15/42.9%; 36 affected tooth). In group A patients the reattachment was conducted after the trauma, and the direct composite restoration technique was used for patients in group B. All patients were evaluated for complications and pulp status for 5 years.ResultsThere were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in terms of the occurrence of complications observed between groups throughout the 5‐year observation period.ConclusionBoth methods provide similar results over the 60 months of observation.Clinical SignificanceReattachment technique has shown to be a reliable treatment option that might be considered as a primary technique when the fragment is saved after the trauma.
Barriers to diabetic self‐care: A qualitative study of patients’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives
Authors: Mogre Victor , Johnson Natalie A. , Tzelepis Flora , Paul Christine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore patient and healthcare provider (HCP) perspectives about patients’ barriers to the performance of diabetic self‐care behaviours in Ghana.BackgroundSub‐Saharan African urban populations are increasingly affected by type 2 diabetes due to nutrition transition, sedentary lifestyles and ageing. Diabetic self‐care is critical to improving clinical outcomes. However, little is known about barriers to diabetic self‐care (diet, exercise, medication taking, self‐monitoring of blood glucose and foot care) in sub‐Saharan Africa.DesignQualitative study that followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted among 23 people living with type 2 diabetes and 14 HCPs recruited from the diabetes clinics of three hospitals in Tamale, Ghana. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The constant comparative method of data analysis was used and identified themes classified according to constructs of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB): attitudes/behavioural beliefs, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control.ResultsBarriers relating to attitudes included misconceptions that diabetes was caused by spiritual forces or curses, use of herbal medicines, intentional nonadherence, difficulty changing old habits, and feeling or lacking motivation to exercise. Barriers relating to subjective norms were inadequate family support, social stigma (usually by spouses and other members of the community) and cultural beliefs. Perceived behavioural control barriers were poor income levels, lack of glucometers, busy work schedules, long distance to the hospital and inadequate access to variety of foods due to erratic supply of foods or seasonality.ConclusionsBoth patients and HCPs discussed similar barriers and those relating to attitude and behavioural control were commonly discussed.Relevance to Clinical PracticeInterventions to improve adherence to diabetic self‐care should focus on helping persons with diabetes develop favourable attitudes and how to overcome behavioural control barriers. Such interventions should have both individualised and community‐wide approaches.
Daily associations between basic psychological need satisfaction and well‐being at work: The moderating role of need strength
Authors: van Hooff Madelon L. M. , De Pater Irene E. 
Published: February 2019

With this paper, we aim to enhance insight in the daily relationships between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (i.e., the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness) at work and employee well‐being (as indicated by positive energy), by examining the moderating role of the strengths of these needs. We collected data by means of a 2‐week diary study with two daily measurements (in the morning before work and at the end of the workday) among 109 fulltime working interns. Multi‐level analyses showed that the positive relationship between daily satisfaction of the need for relatedness at work and employee well‐being at the end of the workday was stronger for participants who expressed a high strength of this need. Furthermore, on workdays when participants experienced higher satisfaction of the needs for competence and autonomy, they experienced higher well‐being. Although we did not find moderating effects of need strength for these two needs, results did indicate between‐individual variance in the strength of the associations between satisfaction of these needs and employee well‐being.Practitioner points

Daily satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work should be supported, because this relates positively to employee well‐being.

Enabling work‐related satisfaction of the need for relatedness is especially important for employees who exhibit a strong strength of this need.
Cultural Contributors to Ego‐Resiliency and Associations with Depressive Problems in Midwestern Latino Youth
Authors: Taylor Zoe E. , Jones Blake L. 
Published: February 2019

Ego‐resiliency is an enduring psychological construct reflecting how individuals‐adapt to environmental stressors, conflict, and change which is linked to positive adjustment. Ego‐resiliency has not been examined in Latino youth, despite their high risk for mental health problems; nor have cultural precursors to ego‐resiliency been examined. Given these gaps, we examined whether familism values (supportive, obligation, and referent) were associated with ego‐resiliency and, in turn, depressive problems in Latino adolescents across two time points (N = 123, mean age = 11.53). Results indicated that supportive familism was associated positively with ego‐resiliency and negatively with depressive problems. Ego‐resiliency negatively predicted depressive problems across time, controlling for prior levels, suggesting that ego‐resiliency may have long‐term effects on depressive problems in Latino youth.