bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of intraoperative rapid cytokeratin immunostain in the cytological evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma
Authors: Nguyen Lynh , Khazai Laila , Hakam Ardeshir , Centeno Barbara A. , Rosa Marilin 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundSentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is the standard of practice in clinically node‐negative patients with breast carcinoma. Intraoperative imprint cytology (IC) is often used in this setting. In cases of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), interpretation of IC slides may be challenging. Rapid cytokeratin immunohistochemistry (R‐CK) has been used in this scenario. This study evaluated if the combination of IC and R‐CK improves the sensitivity of intraoperative SLN evaluation of ILC in our setting.MethodsSLN of all cases of ILC in which IC and R‐CK were performed in a 4 year period were included. Final tissue diagnosis was used as the gold standard.ResultsFour hundred and twenty‐seven of the 802 IC performed during the study period corresponded to paired IC and R‐CK for ILC. Independently, IC and R‐CK correctly classified the SLN as negative or positive in 355 cases (83%) and 324 (76%) cases, respectively. In combination, IC and R‐CK correctly classified 304 (71%) of cases. R‐CK failed in 56 cases. R‐CK aided in rendering an accurate diagnosis in 59% of atypical cases (19/32). Patients with atypical IC and positive R‐CK did not undergo axillary dissection. The addition of R‐CK increased the turnaround time (TAT) by 24 minutes.ConclusionsIn this study, the addition of R‐CK did not improve the diagnostic accuracy in cases classified as negative or positive by IC, but resulted in a considerable increase in TAT. Although R‐CK proved to be of diagnostic value in atypical IC cases, it did not appear to influence clinical management.
Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy as a tool for assessing speech and spoken language processing in pediatric and adult cochlear implant users
Authors: Bortfeld Heather 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMuch of what is known about the course of auditory learning in following cochlear implantation is based on behavioral indicators that users are able to perceive sound. Both prelingually deafened children and postlingually deafened adults who receive cochlear implants display highly variable speech and language processing outcomes, although the basis for this is poorly understood. To date, measuring neural activity within the auditory cortex of implant recipients of all ages has been challenging, primarily because the use of traditional neuroimaging techniques is limited by the implant itself. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an imaging technology that works with implant users of all ages because it is non‐invasive, compatible with implant devices, and not subject to electrical artifacts. Thus, fNIRS can provide insight into processing factors that contribute to variations in spoken language outcomes in implant users, both children and adults. There are important considerations to be made when using fNIRS, particularly with children, to maximize the signal‐to‐noise ratio and to best identify and interpret cortical responses. This review considers these issues, recent data, and future directions for using fNIRS as a tool to understand spoken language processing in children and adults who hear through a cochlear implant.
Wolbachia infection can bias estimates of intralocus sexual conflict
Authors: Duffy Eoin , Archer C. Ruth , Sharma Manmohan Dev , Prus Monika , Joag Richa A. , Radwan Jacek , Wedell Nina , Hosken David J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMales and females share most of their genome and develop many of the same traits. However, each sex frequently has different optimal values for these shared traits, creating intralocus sexual conflict. This conflict has been observed in wild and laboratory populations of insects and affects important evolutionary processes such as sexual selection, the maintenance of genetic variation, and possibly even speciation. Given the broad impacts of intralocus conflict, accurately detecting and measuring it is important. A common way to detect intralocus sexual conflict is to calculate the intersexual genetic correlation for fitness, with negative values suggesting conflict. Here, we highlight a potential confounder of this measure—cytoplasmic incompatibility caused by the intracellular parasite Wolbachia. Infection with Wolbachia can generate negative intersexual genetic correlations for fitness in insects, suggestive of intralocus sexual conflict. This is because cytoplasmic incompatibility reduces the fitness of uninfected females mated to infected males, while uninfected males will not suffer reductions in fitness if they mate with infected females and may even be fitter than infected males. This can lead to strong negative intersexual genetic correlations for fitness, mimicking intralocus conflict. We illustrate this issue using simulations and then present Drosophila simulans data that show how reproductive incompatibilities caused by Wolbachia infection can generate signals of intralocus sexual conflict. Given that Wolbachia infection in insect populations is pervasive, but populations usually contain both infected and uninfected individuals providing scope for cytoplasmic incompatibility, this is an important consideration for sexual conflict research but one which, to date, has been largely underappreciated.
Accounting for preferential sampling in species distribution models
Authors: Pennino Maria Grazia , Paradinas Iosu , Illian Janine B. , Muñoz Facundo , Bellido José María , López‐Quílez Antonio , Conesa David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are now being widely used in ecology for management and conservation purposes across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine realms. The increasing interest in SDMs has drawn the attention of ecologists to spatial models and, in particular, to geostatistical models, which are used to associate observations of species occurrence or abundance with environmental covariates in a finite number of locations in order to predict where (and how much of) a species is likely to be present in unsampled locations. Standard geostatistical methodology assumes that the choice of sampling locations is independent of the values of the variable of interest. However, in natural environments, due to practical limitations related to time and financial constraints, this theoretical assumption is often violated. In fact, data commonly derive from opportunistic sampling (e.g., whale or bird watching), in which observers tend to look for a specific species in areas where they expect to find it. These are examples of what is referred to as preferential sampling, which can lead to biased predictions of the distribution of the species. The aim of this study is to discuss a SDM that addresses this problem and that it is more computationally efficient than existing MCMC methods. From a statistical point of view, we interpret the data as a marked point pattern, where the sampling locations form a point pattern and the measurements taken in those locations (i.e., species abundance or occurrence) are the associated marks. Inference and prediction of species distribution is performed using a Bayesian approach, and integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) methodology and software are used for model fitting to minimize the computational burden. We show that abundance is highly overestimated at low abundance locations when preferential sampling effects not accounted for, in both a simulated example and a practical application using fishery data. This highlights that ecologists should be aware of the potential bias resulting from preferential sampling and account for it in a model when a survey is based on non‐randomized and/or non‐systematic sampling.
Probability‐based seismic reliability assessment method for substation systems
Authors: Li Jichao , Wang Tao , Shang Qingxue 
Published: December 2018

SummaryPower systems play a key role in emergency rescue after an earthquake. Substations are among the most important components of a power system, so it is necessary to study their seismic reliability after an earthquake. Most studies, however, have focused on the seismic behavior of major electrical equipment or the reliability of the substation under ordinary operational conditions. The seismic reliability of substations as a system has not been thoroughly studied. This study proposes a new probability‐based method to evaluate the seismic reliability of complex engineering systems such as substations. The proposed method developed the state tree to construct a greatly simplified system model that enables the failure probability to be calculated for the whole system, with explicit consideration of correlations among various components. A typical 220/110/10‐kV substation was studied with this method, and the most critical components were identified.
Flash‐point prediction of fragrances or flavours accounting for non‐ideality of the liquid phase
Authors: Shcherbakov Denis , Massebeuf Silvère , Normand Valery 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe flammability classifications of flavour and fragrance oils are determined from their flash‐point temperatures, which are of critical importance for safety and regulatory considerations. The reliable prediction of flash points for our products is a business need challenged by the sheer number of ingredients present in a typical formulation, ranging from dozens to hundreds of ingredients, and their chemical diversity. To assess the predictability of flash points for the complex mixtures relevant to our industry, we consider five model mixtures of 15 perfume and flavour raw materials, with a variety of chemical functionalities, and apply Le Chatelier('s rule together with vapour pressure curves from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) database and activity coefficients predicted from the Modified UNIFAC (Dortmund 1993) group contribution model. Flash‐point temperatures of the 15‐compound model mixtures were predicted with an accuracy of ±2°C, compared with experimental data, when taking into account the non‐ideality of the liquid phase.
A multiscale approach to hybrid RANS/LES wall modeling within a high‐order discontinuous Galerkin scheme using function enrichment
Authors: Krank Benjamin , Kronbichler Martin , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWe present a novel approach to hybrid Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS)/ large eddy simulation (LES) wall modeling based on function enrichment, which overcomes the common problem of the RANS‐LES transition and enables coarse meshes near the boundary. While the concept of function enrichment as an efficient discretization technique for turbulent boundary layers has been proposed in an earlier article by Krank & Wall (A new approach to wall modeling in LES of incompressible flow via function enrichment. J Comput Phys. 2016;316:94‐116), the contribution of this work is a rigorous derivation of a new multiscale turbulence modeling approach and a corresponding discontinuous Galerkin discretization scheme. In the near‐wall area, the Navier‐Stokes equations are explicitly solved for an LES and a RANS component in one single equation. This is done by providing the Galerkin method with an independent set of shape functions for each of these two methods; the standard high‐order polynomial basis resolves turbulent eddies, where the mesh is sufficiently fine and the enrichment automatically computes the ensemble‐averaged flow if the LES mesh is too coarse. As a result of the derivation, the RANS model is applied solely to the RANS degrees of freedom, which effectively prevents the typical issue of a log‐layer mismatch in attached boundary layers. As the full Navier‐Stokes equations are solved in the boundary layer, spatial refinement gradually yields wall‐resolved LES with exact boundary conditions. Numerical tests show the outstanding characteristics of the wall model regarding grid independence, superiority compared to equilibrium wall models in separated flows, and achieve a speed‐up by two orders of magnitude compared to wall‐resolved LES.
Assessing Hellenistic to nomadic cultural patterns through pottery in ancient Termez, Uzbekistan
Authors: Martínez Ferreras Verònica , Angourakis Andreas , Hein Anno , Aulinas Juncà Meritxell , Garcia‐Valles Maite , Gurt Esparraguera Josep M. , Ariño Gil Enrique , Sánchez Del Corral Ana , Pidaev Shakir R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe present the archaeological contextualization and the archaeometric characterization of slipped and nonslipped tableware and common wares from Termez in south Uzbekistan. The aims are, first, to evaluate the manufacture of pottery in the city and region (ancient Bactria) after the conquest of Alexander the Great in the late 4th century B.C. so as to detect Hellenistic Mediterranean influences, and, second, to investigate the evolution in pottery manufacturing following the arrival of the Yuezhi nomadic tribes in the mid‐2nd century B.C. X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction, and thin‐section analyses were performed on vessels and on various local raw materials to examine the provenance and the technological processes involved in production (raw materials procurement and processing, shaping, and firing). Surface treatments were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. The study reveals that all the analyzed wares are local/regional wheel‐thrown products, suggesting a high degree of technological standardization in the procurement and processing of raw materials in the period considered. The main difference between the two pottery traditions concerns the shape of the vessels, pointing to new consumption patterns after the nomadic invasion.
Short telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes in head and neck cancer: Findings in a Brazilian cohort
Authors: Alves‐Paiva Raquel M , Gutierrez‐Rodrigues Fernanda , Pereira‐Martins Diego A , Figueiredo David Livingstone Alves , Clé Diego V , Conti‐Freitas Luís Carlos , Mamede Rui Celso Martins , Calado Rodrigo T 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundTelomeres are specialized DNA structures that are critical to maintain cell homeostasis and to avoid genomic instability. Epidemiological studies have examined the association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and risk of cancers, but the findings remain conflicting.MethodsMean LTL was measured by quantitative PCR in 97 patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) and 262 healthy controls. The association between LTL and patients' clinical status, such as smoke, alcoholism, and overall survival, were also evaluated.ResultsThe age‐adjusted LTL was significantly shorter in patients with HNC in comparison to healthy controls (P = .0003). Patients with shortest LTL had an increased risk to develop HNC (P < 0.0001). No significant correlation was observed between LTL and patients' clinical features and personal habits.ConclusionsOur data support the hypothesis that LTL is a risk factor for HNC. The use of LTL as a biomarker can help physicians to identify high‐risk individuals for HNC.
Human papilloma virus‐associated squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx in an 18‐year‐old woman
Authors: Hotz Michel‐André , Christen Brigitte , Sahli Roland , Arnold Andreas Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundHuman papilloma virus (HPV)‐associated malignancies are considered to be sexually transmitted diseases.MethodsWe report a HPV‐positive larynx cancer in an 18‐year‐old female clarinet player, despite vaccination with the quadrivalent HPV‐6‐11‐16‐18‐vaccine Gardasil (Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, Pennsylvania). The patient showed no evidence of genito‐oral infection but showed some evidence for oral‐oral HPV transmission through the sharing of saliva‐infested clarinet mouthpieces. A right vocal cord lesion of benign appearance was removed via free margin resection.ResultsHistopathology revealed a microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma inside a zone of high‐grade dysplasia that was positive for HPV‐45. No tumor recurrence was observed during a 4‐year follow‐up evaluation.ConclusionBenign lesion appearance and quadrivalent HPV vaccine status do not exclude HPV‐associated malignancies. In our patient, the Gardasil vaccine did not provide crossover protection against HPV 45 infection. HPV‐associated disease may not necessarily be transmitted via sexual practice patterns alone.
Parametric subtracted post‐ictal diffusion tensor imaging for guiding direct neurostimulation therapy
Authors: Garibay‐Pulido Diego , Cendejas‐Zaragoza Leopoldo , Dawe Robert , Rossi Marvin A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractParametric subtracted post‐ictal diffusion tensor imaging (pspiDTI) is a novel imaging technique developed at our center to visualize transient, patient‐specific, ictal‐associated water diffusion abnormalities in hippocampal‐associated axonal tissue. PspiDTI can elucidate putative connectivity patterns, tracing ictal propagation following a partial‐onset seizure without generalization secondarily. PspiDTI compares two DTI volumes acquired during the early post‐ictal period (<4 hr), and baseline inter‐ictal interval (>24 hr post‐seizure). This technique performs a voxel‐wise parametric test to identify statistically significant transient ictal‐associated changes in water diffusivity involving white matter (WM). Our technique was applied to six patients with refractory partial‐onset epilepsy who were candidates for direct cortical responsive neurostimulation (RNS) therapy. Global and region‐specific fractional anisotropy decreases, relative to baseline, were detected in all patients with a 17.01% (p < .01) relative mean decrement, while trace increases were found in 6/6 (100%) patients with a 13.30% (p < .01) relative global mean increment. Changes in diffusivity were anatomically compared with transient hyper‐perfusion as detected by subtracted ictal SPECT co‐registered to MRI (SISCOM). In 5/6 (83.33%) patients, alterations in WM diffusivity were detected adjacent to the SISCOM signal localized predominantly in gray matter. In 4/6 patients, post‐implant RNS electrocorticography revealed early ictal propagation between implanted RNS depth leads guided by pspiDTI, hence validating concordant abnormal diffusivity regions detected by our technique. PspiDTI can complement the conventional pre‐surgical evaluation to provide additional crucial information regarding WM ictal‐propagation pathways between predominantly gray matter ictal‐onset zones. When incorporated into a multi‐modality pre‐surgical workflow, pspiDTI can aid in defining critical nodes between ictogenic regions. This information can be used to strategically implant a limited set of two RNS depth leads for maximizing the extent to which direct cortical RNS can modulate a potentially extensive epileptogenic network.
Tracking the Transformation Process of a Pair of Zn(II) Coordination Clusters: Crystallography and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhang Yu‐Yi , Yang Chuang , Zeng Ming‐Hua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTwo zinc clusters Zn4(H3L)4(NO3)4⋅5H2O (Zn4, H4L=(1,2‐bis(1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)ethane‐1,2‐diol) and [Zn5(H2L′)6](NO3)4]⋅8H2O⋅2CH3OH (Zn5, H3L′=(1,2‐bis(benzo[d] imidazol‐2‐yl)‐ethenol) have been obtained by the reaction of Zn(NO3)2⋅6H2O with H4L at 80 °C or 140 °C under solvothermal condition. Powder X‐ray Diffraction (PXRD) of precipitate and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI‐MS) of reaction solution revealed the existence of transformation behavior from Zn4 to Zn5 by increasing the temperature from 80 °C to 140 °C, or directly heating Zn4 at 140 °C via solvothermal reaction. Here we proposed a possible mechanism involves split process of Zn4 and reassembly to form Zn5. ESI‐MS for single crystals revealed [Zn4(H3L)4−3H]+ splits to [Zn(H3L)]+ via [Zn2(H3L)2−H]+. Time dependent ESI‐MS of reaction solution revealed the [Zn(H2L′)]+→[Zn2(H2L′)2−H]+→[Zn5(H2L′)6−H]3+ stepwise assembly. It also has been captured the in situ reaction mainly occurs in the step of [Zn(H3L)]+ to [Zn(H2L′)]+.
Devising a strategy for IT governance implementation in municipalities. A case study of South Africa
Authors: Sibanda Mbusi , von Solms Rossouw 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInformation technology (IT) has vastly automated business processes in South African municipalities, and the sound design and implementation of IT is key to improved service delivery. The usage of IT is reliant on the implementation of sound IT governance practices, but even with IT frameworks and directives mandated, implementation has proved to be challenging in most municipalities. This research proposes a strategic approach for the effective and viable implementation of IT governance in municipalities in South Africa. The research was carried out by conducting a targeted survey, semistructured interviews with key stakeholders, observations, and analysis of documents. Case studies of different‐sized municipalities were done in order to understand the context in which they operate. Regulatory bodies also participated in the data collection. The data was coded and themes of problems identified and grouped for diagnoses. On the basis of the diagnoses, a strategy was devised to improve the implementation of IT governance in municipalities.
Telesupervision‐of‐supervision across national boundaries: United States and China
Authors: Duan Changming , Falender Carol , Goodyear Rodney , Qian Mingyi , Jia Xiaoming , Jiang Guangrong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article describes technology‐assisted telesupervision‐of‐supervision, which is a component of a 2‐year U.S.–China collaborative program designed to systematically train clinical supervisors in China. Using Zoom conferencing platform, several U.S.‐based supervisors facilitated telesupervision‐of‐supervision groups, with six to ten participants in each group, from different geographic locations in China. This article employs the perspectives of both U.S.‐based supervisors and group participants who are themselves supervision scholars in China, describing their experiences and insights about the rewards and challenges of this telesupervision‐of‐supervision project.
Arterial pseudoaneurysms in acute and chronic pancreatitis: Clinical profile and outcome
Authors: Mallick Bipadabhanjan , Malik Sarthak , Gupta Pankaj , Gorsi Ujjwal , Kochhar Suman , Gupta Vikas , Yadav Thakur Deen , Dhaka Narendra , Sinha Saroj K , Kochhar Rakesh 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical profile and outcome of arterial pseudoaneurysms (PSA) associated with acute and chronic pancreatitis (CP).MethodsRecords of all patients of pancreatitis from 2010 to 2016 were analyzed retrospectively for the development PSAs; clinical profile and outcome parameters were compared between PSAs associated with acute and CP.ResultsOf the 980 patients, 46 (all males, age 39.70 ± 11.78 years) developed PSAs, including 19 of 600 of acute pancreatitis (AP) and 27 of 380 of CP. The most common clinical presentation was bleeding (37, 80.4%). The majority of patients was managed nonsurgically, with endovascular embolization in 31 (67.4%) and percutaneous thrombin injection in 9 (19.6%) patients. Pseudoaneurysms in patients with AP were associated more often with fluid collections (94.7% vs. 55.6%, P = 0.004) with more requirement of surgery compared to patients with CP (15.8% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.033). The pattern of arteries involved with PSAs and outcome was similar in AP and CP patients.ConclusionArterial PSAs were more commonly associated with CP compared to AP with similar presentations. Associated fluid collections and requirement of surgical intervention were higher in PSAs in patients with AP compared to patients with CP.