bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative service evaluation of a multimodal pilot service for early detection of liver disease in high-risk groups: ‘Alright My Liver?’
Authors: Archer Ann Jane , May Tom , Bowers Hannah , Kesten Joanna , Tilden Sally , Abeysekera Kushala , Gordon Fiona H , Hickman Matthew , Yardley Lucy 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveLiver disease is a growing cause of premature death in the UK. The National Health Service in England (NHS England) has funded regional early detection programmes through Community Liver Health Check pilots. ‘Alright My Liver?’ is Bristol and Severn’s pilot service offering early detection of liver disease through screening events serving populations at risk, including people with a history of drug or alcohol use, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The service offers point-of-care testing for liver disease and a supported follow-up process.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 14 service users and six service providers over a 6-month period using diversity sampling. Topic guides encouraged discussion of experiences of the service as well as barriers and facilitators to accessing the service. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, and positive and negative comments pertaining to the service were collated in a ‘table of changes’ to inform optimisation.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (1) motivations for engagement, (2) experience of the service and (3) health impacts. Key motivations for engagement were screening as a novel opportunity, a response to immediate health concerns or as reassurance. Service users commented on its convenience and that staff interactions were warm and informative. Some felt that follow-up could be more intensive. Impacts varied depending on perceived risk factors and screening results but generally involved stating a commitment to healthy lifestyle changes, including reducing alcohol use.ConclusionTargeted screening for liver disease in high-risk groups through this pilot service was deemed an appropriate and accessible intervention, with important optimisations identified.
Analysis of door-to-needle time for thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke using statistical process control charts
Authors: Grönroos Markku , Hällberg Ville , Helminen Mika , Koivistoinen Teemu , Palomäki Ari 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThrombolysis should be administered as soon as possible to suitable patients with acute ischaemic stroke. We introduced a new protocol for patients who had a stroke to achieve reduced door-to-needle times for the best possible outcome. Since then, we have closely monitored each patient who had a stroke. Our goal was to assess whether statistical process control charts could be useful in detecting deviations in door-to-needle times when using four well-known rules applied by Western Electric (WE rules 1–4).MethodsWe analysed retrospectively door-to-needle times of together 200 acute ischaemic stroke patients before and after the implementation of our new stroke protocol. In addition, 25 patients at the time of reorganisation (transition period) were analysed. Statistical process control chart rules WE 1–WE 4 were applied to detect door-to-needle deviations and to monitor process uniformity.ResultsBefore the implementation of the protocol, median door-to-needle time was 53 min and after the implementation 20 min. Statistical process control chart rules were triggered only once in 100 patients before the reorganisation but seven times in 25 patients during the transition period. None of the rules WE 1–4 were activated after the reorganisation, indicating the stability of the reorganised acute ischaemic stroke process.ConclusionsThe use of statistical process control charts demonstrated a significant reduction in door-to-needle times during the reorganisation. Further, it showed that the acute ischaemic stroke process with a 20 min door-to-needle time is very stable.
Exploration of fathers’ mental health and well-being concerns during the transition to fatherhood, and paternal perinatal support: scoping review
Authors: Watkins Ashleigh Elizabeth , El Zerbi Catherine , McGovern Ruth , Rankin Judith 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo appraise and synthesise qualitative literature identifying: (a) fathers’ concerns and challenges during the transition to fatherhood that may be impacting mental health and well-being experiences; and (b) fathers’ experiences of antenatal programmes, and psychological and social support, to understand how we can better support fathers in addressing these concerns.DesignInternational, qualitative evidence synthesis, scoping review.Data sourcesSix electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, ASSIA) alongside 'grey' and supplementary searches were conducted March 2024.Eligibility criteriaQualitative studies and qualitative data extracted from mixed methods studies focusing on fathers’ mental health within the perinatal period globally were included.Data extraction and synthesisThe recommended Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction and critical appraisal tools were used, and an inductive thematic synthesis approach employed.Results37 qualitative studies were included: UK (n=11), Europe (n=9), Australia (n=7) and Asia (n=6), USA (n=1), Canada (n=1) and the Middle East (n=2). Quality appraisal scores were moderate to high (5–10). Four analytical themes and eight subthemes were generated: (1) diminished partner relationship, (2) provider or protector? Multiplicity of fatherhood identification, (3) forgotten entity within the perinatal experience and (4) "I try to battle it myself," masculine ideals within fatherhood. The findings highlighted that fathers found the transition to be difficult, compounded by insecurity within their role as both partner and father. Fathers found a paucity of paternally focused support and antenatal programmes, not addressing fathers’ needs within the transition.ConclusionsThe many concerns and challenges highlighted in the review demonstrate the importance of understanding the negative impact of the transition on fathers’ mental health and well-being. There is a need for greater attention to fathers’ experiences of paternal perinatal support and programmes through research and practise to inform future interventional development.Trial registrationPROSPERO: CRD4202231381.
Contextual factors that influence adoption and sustainment of self-management support in cancer survivorship care: a practical application of theory with qualitative interviews
Authors: Pallin Nickola , Browne John , Connolly Roisin , Hegarty Josephine , McHugh Sheena 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundSelf-management support (SMS) is a recommended component of cancer survivorship care that improves health-related quality of life and reduces healthcare utilisation. However, widespread implementation has been difficult to achieve, with a gap in the literature on system-wide implementation efforts. This study examines contextual factors perceived to influence SMS adoption and sustainment in cancer centres in the Republic of Ireland.MethodSemistructured interviews were conducted with 47 key informants from 20 cancer organisations across community and hospital settings. Participants were asked to report the level of adoption and sustainment of SMS at their organisation. This information was used to categorise organisations as low, medium or high implementers. We conducted cross-case analysis following the principles of Framework Analysis. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research as a menu of constructs, we examined factors influencing adoption and sustainment and variation in levels of implementation.ResultsNational policy, external accreditation, external financing opportunities and the presence of champions in organisations are influential early in the implementation process driving adoption. Healthcare provider-led programmes and evidence of SMS improving patient outcomes and aligning with an organisation’s priorities are necessary to secure buy-in, particularly among senior leadership. An organisational culture of entrepreneurship enables adoption and sustainment, with resources and a culture supporting staff well-being enabling sustainment.ConclusionWhile national policy is a driver, additional factors related to programme attributes and local contextual features such as the presence of champions, organisational readiness and culture influence implementation. The results may be used for future evaluations of SMS implementation in cancer survivorship care and to inform the development of tailored implementation strategies.
CAF-macrophage crosstalk in tumour microenvironments governs the response to immune checkpoint blockade in gastric cancer peritoneal metastases
Authors: Li Yuanfang , Zheng Yongqiang , Huang Jiaqian , Nie Run-Cong , Wu Qi-Nian , Zuo Zhijun , Yuan Shuqiang , Yu Kai , Liang Cheng-Cai , Pan Yi-Qian , Zhao Bai-Wei , Xu Yuhong , Zhang Qihua , Zheng Yashang , Chen Junquan , Zeng Zhao-Lei , Wei Wei , Liu Ze-Xian , Xu Rui-Hua , Luo Hui-Yan 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundPeritoneal metastasis is the most common metastasis pattern of gastric cancer. Patients with gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis (GCPM) have a poor prognosis and respond poorly to conventional treatments. Recently, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated favourable efficacy in the treatment of GCPM. Stratification of best responders and elucidation of resistance mechanisms of ICB therapies are highly important and remain major clinical challenges.DesignWe performed a phase II trial involving patients with GCPM treated with ICB (sintilimab) combined with chemotherapy. The samples of primary tumours, GCPMs and peripheral blood from patients were collected for single-cell sequencing to comprehensively interpret the tumour microenvironment of GCPM and its impacts on immunotherapy efficacy.ResultsThe GCPM ecosystem coordinates a unique immunosuppressive pattern distinct from that of primary GC, which is dominated by a stroma-myeloid niche composed of SPP1+tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and Thrombospondin 2 (THBS2)+matrix cancer-associated fibroblasts (mCAFs). Consequently, this stroma-myeloid crosstalk is the major mediator of ICB resistance in patients with GCPM. Mechanistically, the accumulated THBS2+mCAFs facilitate the recruitment of peritoneum-specific tissue-resident macrophages and their transformation into SPP1+TAMs via the complement C3 and its receptor C3a receptor 1 (C3AR1), thereby forming a protumoral stroma-myeloid niche. Blocking the C3-C3AR1 axis disrupts the stroma-myeloid crosstalk and thereby significantly improves the benefits of ICB inin vivomodels.ConclusionOur findings provide a new molecular portrait of cell compositions associated with ICB resistance in patients with GCPM and aid in the prioritisation of therapeutic candidates to potentiate immunotherapy.
Inequality in green space distribution and its association with preventable deaths across urban neighbourhoods in the UK, stratified by Index of Multiple Deprivation
Authors: Ngan Tran Thu , Wang Ruoyu , Tate Christopher , Green Mark , Mitchell Richard , Hunter Ruth F , O'Neill Ciaran 
Published: November 2024

Background
This study investigated inequalities in the distribution of green space (GS) and the association between inequalities in amounts of GS and preventable deaths across urban neighbourhoods with different Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) scores in the UK.

Methods
Data on preventable deaths, IMD, percentage of grassland and woodland, urban/rural, population size, and density were sourced for each of 6791 middle-layer super output areas (MSOAs) in England, 410 MSOAs in Wales, 1279 intermediate zones (IZs) in Scotland, and 890 super output areas (SOAs) in Northern Ireland (NI). While appreciating the potential for ecological fallacy we related area-based measures of deprivation to deaths. Concentration curves, Lorenz dominance tests, and negative binomial regression models were used to analyse the data.

Results
In urban areas of England, Scotland, and NI, the percentage of grassland was significantly lower among the more deprived neighbourhoods (Lorenz test, p<0.0001). In England, a 1% increase in grassland area was associated with a 37% reduction in annual preventable deaths among the most deprived urban MSOAs (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.63, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.76). In NI and Scotland, a 1% increase in grassland area was associated with a 37% (IRR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.91) and 41% (IRR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.81) reduction in 5-year accumulated preventable deaths in the most deprived urban SOAs/IZs, respectively.

Conclusions
Results suggest that investment in GS in urban areas may be an important public health prevention strategy. There is evidence that investments in the most deprived urban neighbourhoods where the highest inequality currently exists would see the largest effect on preventable deaths.
Disability, digital technologies and the ambivalent allure of posthumanist/transhumanist futures
Authors: Shildrick Margrit 
Published: November 2024

Technologies, both simple and sophisticated, have always played a major role in the negotiation of a range of disabilities that are assumed to impede the expression of autonomous selfhood. Whether deployed as mechanical aides to ideally normalise physical differences, as organic—and often internal—supplements to bolster the performance of body and mind, or as digital enhancements that override the supposed shortcomings of neurodiversity, the widely accepted claim is that such technologies have a clear therapeutic value. It conjures the illusion of an unproblematised sequence of more complex technologies leading to increasingly enhanced function and the advent of superior selfhood. Those who identify as having disabilities, either physical or cognitive, are assured of a better future in which anomalies are sufficiently offset to the extent that they no longer attract disvalue.My paper offers a less conventional perspective that leaves behind the desire for individual autonomy and opens up the question of the transhuman and the posthuman. Rather than focusing on the bounded self at the centre of humanist thought, I ask what is at stake when human embodiment becomes intricately entangled with non-human materialities and digital coding. It is likely that the major developments in such ‘prosthetic’ technologies will strongly impact the field of disability. Beyond a merely functional usage, which is likely to dominate in the short term, urgent questions arise about the extent to which the category of the human can or should be sustained as the anchor of continuing life. In exploring the practical, philosophical and bioethical implications of newly emerging technologies, I distinguish between the motivation of transhumanism, which focuses on self-perfectibility and mastery, and a posthumanism that in seeking to radically decentre the very notion of human privilege and hierarchical distinctions offers an optimistic view of disability futures.
Trajectories of work ability and associated work unit characteristics from pre-COVID to post-COVID pandemic period
Authors: Kausto Johanna , Airaksinen Jaakko , Oksanen Tuula , Vahtera Jussi , Kivimaki Mika , Ervasti Jenni M 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo identify trajectories of work ability from pre-COVID to post-COVID-19 pandemic period and to examine work unit characteristics associated with these trajectories.MethodsThe study population was a cohort of Finnish public sector employees (n=54 651) followed from 2016 until 2022. We used trajectory analysis to identify trajectories of work ability and multinomial regression to examine their associations with prepandemic work unit characteristics and pandemic-related changes at workplaces.ResultsWe identified three trajectories of work ability: (1) suboptimal work ability decreasing over time (12%); (2) relatively consistent good work ability (73%) and (3) consistent optimal work ability (15%). The strongest associations with belonging to the suboptimal work ability trajectory were found for employees in work units characterised by high job strain (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.88), poor team climate (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.86) and low organisational justice (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.72) when compared with the most optimal trajectory. The least favourable work ability trajectory was also associated with team reorganisation (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.44) and a low share of those working from home (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.94) during the pandemic.ConclusionPrepandemic psychosocial risk factors and pandemic-induced changes at work were associated with poor and declining work ability during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employers and occupational health services should better identify and support vulnerable employees to enhance their work participation.
No effect of grape juice on exercise-induced muscle damage or performance in male runners: a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blind clinical trial
Authors: Schlösser Larissa , Borszcz Fernando K. , Smeha Laís , Peres Natália M. , Assumpção Thalita I. , Burin Vivian M. , da Silva Edson L. , de Lucas Ricardo D. , Hansen Fernanda 
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to verify the effect of grape juice ( Vitis Labrusca) intake on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and exercise performance parameters (5 km running time-trial (TT), running economy, and countermovement jump (CMJ)). Twenty trained male runners were randomized into two blinded groups and consumed either placebo ( n = 9) or grape juice ( n = 11) for six consecutive days (600 mL/day). On the fourth day, the participants performed a downhill running (−15%) at speed that elicited 70% V̇O2max for 20 min, to induce muscle damage, followed by assessment of running economy, 5 km TT, and CMJ tests. Blood samples were obtained before and after the exercise tests for quantifying total phenols, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). On the sixth day, blood parameters and CMJ were evaluated. A two-way Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) mixed model was employed for data analysis, the effects were the juice groups, measurement and a interaction between the factors. EIMD was confirmed by increased levels of indirect markers (serum AST and LDH activities) and an impairment in TT and CMJ performances after 48 h. The 5 km TT, economy, and CMJ were compromised after EIMD, to a similar extent in the groups. Blood concentrations of CK, LDH, AST, and total phenolic compounds presented similar time course behavior between the groups, showing no group × time interaction effects. In conclusion, grape juice consumption over 6 days did not attenuate EIMD markers or the impairment in running performance in trained male runners. (ReBEC number: RBR-9jkkvbb).
Lyapunov exponents and phase transition of Hayward AdS black hole
Authors: Gogoi Naba Jyoti , Acharjee Saumen , Phukon Prabwal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the relationship between the phase transition and Lyapunov exponents for 4D Hayward anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole. We consider the motion of massless and massive particles around an unstable circular orbit of the Hayward AdS black hole in the equatorial plane and calculate the corresponding Lyapunov exponents. The phase transition is found to be well described by the multivaled Lyapunov exponents. It is also found that different phases of Hayward AdS black hole coincide with different branches of the Lyapunov exponents. We also study the discontinuous change in the Lyapunov exponents and find that it can serve as an order parameter near the critical point. The critical exponent of change in Lyapunov exponent near the critical point is found to be 1/2.
An Artificial Intelligence–Driven Preoperative Radiomic Subtype for Predicting the Prognosis and Treatment Response of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhang Weituo , Liao Tian , Gao Yi , Zhang Yanzhi , Jin Anqi , Ma Ben , Qu Ning , Zhang Huan , Zheng Xiangqian , Li Dapeng , Yun Xinwei , Zhao Jingzhu , Yu Herbert , Gao Ming , Wang Yu , Qian Biyun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
From 8% to 28% of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) experience recurrence, complicating risk stratification and treatment. We previously identified an inflammatory molecular subtype of PTC associated with poor prognosis. Based on this subtype, we aimed to develop and validate a noninvasive radiomic signature to predict prognosis and treatment response in patients with PTC.

Experimental Design:
We collected preoperative ultrasound images from two large independent centers (n = 2,506) to develop and validate a deep learning radiomics signature of inflammation (DLRI) for predicting the inflammatory subtype of PTC, including its correlation with prognosis and anti-inflammatory traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment. Training set 1 (n = 64) and internal validation set 2 (n = 1,108) were from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. External validation sets 1 (n = 76) and 2 (n = 1,258) were from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.

Results:
We developed a DLRI to accurately predict PTC’s inflammatory subtype (AUC = 0.97 in training set 1 and AUC = 0.82 in external validation set 1). High-risk DLRI was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival in the first cohort [HR = 16.49, 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.92–34.35, P &lt; 0.001] and second cohort (HR = 5.42, 95% CI, 3.67–8.02, P &lt; 0.001). The DLRI independently predicted disease-free survival, irrespective of clinicopathologic variables (P &lt; 0.001 for all). Furthermore, patients with high-risk DLRI were likely to benefit from anti-inflammatory TCM treatment (HR = 0.19, 95% CI, 0.06–0.55, P = 0.002), whereas those with low-risk DLRI did not.

Conclusions:
DLRI is a reliable noninvasive tool for evaluating prognosis and guiding anti-inflammatory TCM treatment in patients with PTC. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.