bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence of tapeworms (Cestoda) in red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in north-western Poland, with particular emphasis on Echinococcus multilocularis
Authors: Tylkowska Agnieszka , Pilarczyk Bogumiła , Pilarczyk Renata , Zyśko Michał , Tomza-Marciniak Agnieszka 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Foxes are a reservoir of parasites that are dangerous to humans. The aim of the study was to determine the parameters associated with the occurrence of tapeworms in red foxes in north-western Poland.

Material and Methods: Parasitological sections were taken from 620 red foxes using IST and SCT methods in 18 districts of West Pomerania Province.

Results: The extensity of fox infection with tapeworms was 61%. Echinococcus multilocularis, Mesocestoides spp., Dipylidium caninum, and specimens of the genus Taenia were identified. E. multilocularis was found in 11 districts. Mesocestoides spp. demonstrated the highest prevalence (41.3%), while E. multilocularis demonstrated the lowest prevalence (2.9%); however, it infected foxes with the greatest mean intensity (235.6 tapeworms per fox). The most common co-occurrence in a single host organism was observed for Mesocestoides spp. and tapeworms of the genus Taenia; however, no examples were found of coinfection by E. multilocularis and D. caninum.

Conclusion: The occurrence of tapeworms in foxes was high in West Pomerania Province and was often higher than observed in previous years. For this reason, the risk of parasite transmission to humans and domestic animals is mounting. The risk of infection is also amplifying due to the growth of the fox population.
Pituitary-testicular axis dysfunction in methimazole-induced hypothyroidism in rats
Authors: Gołyński Marcin , Metyk Michał , Szkodziak Piotr , Lutnicki Krzysztof , Kalisz Grzegorz , Szczepanik Marcin , Wilkołek Piotr , Dobrowolski Piotr 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Thyroid hormones play a major role in the regulation of testicular maturation and growth and in the control of Sertoli and Leydig cell functions in adulthood. When naturally occurring, hypothyroidism causes male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Sertoli cell function disorders, but when iatrogenic and methimazole-induced its influence on the pituitary-testicular axis function with respect to Sertoli cells is poorly known.

Material and Methods: Male adult Wistar rats (n = 14) were divided into two groups: E – taking methimazole orally for 60 days, and C – control animals. After 60 d, the concentrations in serum of testosterone, follicle-stimulating and luteinising hormones, and inhibins A and B were measured. Testicles were examined morphologically: the apoptotic Sertoli cell percentage (ASC%) and number of these cells functional per tubular mm2 (FSCN/Tmm2) were calculated.

Results: In group E, inhibin A was higher while inhibin B was lower than in group C. ASC% was higher and FSCN/Tmm2 lower in group E than in group C.

Conclusion: A specific modulation of Sertoli cell function in the course of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism leads to a simultaneous concentration increase in inhibin A and decrease in B. Inhibin A might share responsibility for pituitary-testicular axis dysfunction and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in this model of hypothyroidism.
Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different immune responses in unmaturated bovine macrophages
Authors: Bąska Piotr , Zawistowska-Deniziak Anna , Norbury Luke James , Wiśniewski Marcin , Januszkiewicz Kamil 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) is a parasite of great socioeconomic importance. A number of fluke isolates have been identified; however, to date the differences between the immunomodulatory properties of different parasite isolates have not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to explore differences between the immunomodulatory properties of two F. hepatica isolates using unmaturated bovine macrophages.

Material and Methods: A cell line of bovine macrophages was stimulated with excretory/secretory products released by adult flukes from either a laboratory (Fh-WeyES) or wild (Fh-WildES) strain and subsequently subjected to microarray and ELISA analyses.

Results: Both Fh-WeyES and Fh-WildES dampened the release of interleukin-10 by bovine macrophages, but only Fh-WildES dampened the release of proinflammatory tumour necrosis factor-α. Microarray analysis revealed that Fh-WildES down- and upregulated 90 and 18 genes, respectively, when compared to Fh-WeyES.

Conclusion: The results indicated different impacts of the isolates on macrophages. A number of researchers use flukes obtained from local slaughterhouses for experiments. Our findings may explain some discrepancies between published results arising from parasite strain choice. The findings indicate that consideration should be given to the use of different strains, and open new and currently unexplored avenues in parasitology for controlling the parasite.
Development of a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of quercetin in milk and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Gbylik-Sikorska Małgorzata , Gajda Anna , Burmańczuk Artur , Grabowski Tomasz , Posyniak Andrzej 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a natural therapeutic agent with a broad spectrum of activities (antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and simple ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of quercetin in milk.

Material and Methods: Sample preparation was based on a liquid-liquid extraction with 0.5% formic acid in acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was performed on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column with methanol and 0.5% formic acid as a mobile phase.

Results: The procedure was successfully validated. The mean recovery of the analyte was 98%, with the corresponding intra- and inter-day variation less than 10% and 15%, respectively, and the repeatability and reproducibility were in the range of 3%–7.2% and 6.1%–12%, respectively. The lowest level of quantification was 1.0 μg/kg.

Conclusion: The proposed method was successfully applied in evaluating the pharmacokinetics of quercetin in milk obtained from dairy cows with clinical mastitis after intramammary administration.
Occurrence of enterococci in mastitic cow’s milk and their antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Różańska Hanna , Lewtak-Piłat Aleksandra , Kubajka Maria , Weiner Marcin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of enterococci in inflammatory secretions from mastitic bovine udders and to assess their antimicrobial resistance.

Material and Methods: A total of 2,000 mastitic milk samples from cows were tested in 2014–2017. The isolation of enterococci was performed by precultivation in buffered peptone water, selective multiplication in a broth with sodium azide and cristal violet, and cultivation on Slanetz and Bartley agar. The identification of enterococci was carried out using Api rapid ID 32 strep kits. The antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the MIC technique.

Results: Enterococci were isolated from 426 samples (21.3%). Enterococcus faecalis was the predominant species (360 strains), followed by E. faecium (35 isolates), and small numbers of others. The highest level of resistance was observed to lincomycin, tetracycline, quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid), erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tylosin. Single strains were resistant to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. All isolates were sensitive to daptomycin. E. faecalis presented a higher level of resistance in comparison to E. faecium, except to nitrofurantoin.

Conclusion: The results showed frequent occurrence of enterococci in mastitic cow’s milk and confirmed the high rate of their antimicrobial resistance.
Characterisation of thrombocytes in Osteichthyes
Authors: Stosik Michał , Tokarz-Deptuła Beata , Deptuła Wiesław 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Thrombocytes in vertebrates other than mammals, inter alia in fish, are analogues of platelets in mammals. In Osteichthyes, these cells take part in haemostatic processes, including aggregation and release reactions in cases of blood vessel damage, and in the immune response development as well. This paper discusses the development of thrombocytes in Osteichthyes, taking into account the need to make changes to the concept of grouping progenitor cells as suggested in the literature. The following pages present the morphological and cytochemical properties of thrombocytes as well as their defence functions, and also point out differences between thrombocytes in fish and platelets in mammals. The paper further highlights the level of thrombocytes’ immune activity observed in fish and based on an increased proportion of these cells in response to antigenic stimulation, on morphological shifts towards forms characteristic of dendritic cells after antigenic stimulation and on the presence of surface structures and cytokines released through, inter alia, gene expression of TLR receptors, MHC class II protein-coding genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The study also points out the need to recognise thrombocytes in Osteichthyes as specialised immune cells conditioning non-specific immune mechanisms and playing an important role in affecting adaptive immune mechanisms.
In vitro evaluation of chitosan-DNA plasmid complex encoding Jembrana disease virus Env-TM protein as a vaccine candidate
Authors: Ishak Januar , Unsunnidhal Lalu , Martien Ronny , Kusumawati Asmarani 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction: The development of Jembrana disease vaccine is an important effort to prevent losses in the Bali cattle industry in Indonesia. This study aims to prepare a Jembrana DNA vaccine encoding the transmembrane portion of the envelope protein in pEGFP-C1 and test the success of its delivery in culture cells using a chitosan-DNA complex.

Material and Methods: Cloning of the DNA vaccine was successfully performed on E. coli DH5α and confirmed by colony PCR, restriction analysis and sequencing. The plasmids were prepared as a chitosan complex using the complex coacervation method and physicochemically characterised using a particle size analyser. A transfection assay was performed in HeLa cells with 4 h exposure, and mRNA expression was assessed at 24 h post transfection.

Results: With a 1:2 (wt./wt.) ratio of DNA and chitosan, the complexes have a mean diameter of 236 nm, zeta potential value of + 17.9 mV, and showed no high toxicity potential in the HeLa cells. This complex successfully delivered the DNA into cells, as shown by the presence of a specific RT-PCR product (336 bp). However, the real-time PCR analysis showed that the delivery with chitosan complex resulted in lower target mRNA expression when compared with a commercial transfecting agent.

Conclusion: pEGFP-env-tm JDV as a candidate vaccine can be delivered as the chitosan-DNA complex and be expressed at the transcription level in vitro. This initial study will be used for further improvement and evaluation in vivo.
Baculovirus expression and potential diagnostic application of the gp51 envelope glycoprotein of genetic mutants of the bovine leukaemia virus
Authors: Rola-Łuszczak Marzena , Grabowska Agnieszka , Szewczyk Bogusław , Kuźmak Jacek 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Field isolates of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) show the presence of a few amino acid substitutions in major conformational G and H epitopes on surface glycoprotein gp51. Potentially, these substitutions can affect the 3D structure of these epitopes leading to their diminished immunoreactivity. The aim of this study was to express three gp51 glycoproteins carrying mutated epitopes as recombinant baculovirus proteins in insect cells to test their immunoreactivity with bovine sera.

Material and Methods:
Env gene chimeras encoding mutated epitopes G and H in the env backbone of BLV FLK strain were constructed, cloned into pFastBac1 vector, and expressed in baculovirus.

Results: The presence of recombinant gp51 protein in Sf9 insect cells was confirmed using monoclonal antibodies. ELISA tests were developed to check the immunoreactivity of recombinant protein with bovine sera.

Conclusion: Recombinant gp51 proteins with altered G and H epitopes can be used for further studies to analyse the serological response of bovine sera towards BLV antigenic variants.
How might harmonization influence the future prevalence of public sector creative accounting?
Authors: Hodges Ron 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper considers the significance of future harmonization on public sector creative forms of accounting (PSCA) in the context of both national accounting and government financial reporting. The analysis is carried out through a review of studies provided in the academic and official literatures. Examples are provided of PSCA in a ‘broad’ context of any manipulation of financial information and in a ‘focused’ context, referring to the reporting of deficit / surplus and associated levels of debt. The analysis is related to the influence of harmonization using the classification of information-manipulating behaviour drawn from Birnberg, Turopolec, and Young (1983). There is potential for accounting harmonization to improve the analysability of data to restrict PSCA. However, although many techniques of PSCA have been identified, the drivers and controllers of PSCA remain unclear. Accounting researchers should use their specialist understanding to draw out the differences between apparently consistent frameworks of accounting and to understand the policy effects and social implications of harmonization and related creative forms of accounting. There are relatively few studies of PSCA. This paper represents the first study that seeks to relate PSCA to the increasing tendency towards harmonisation of accounting in the public sector context. An agenda is included to guide researchers towards issues that are worthy of further consideration in this important area of study.
Institutionalizing accrual budgeting and accounting through a uniform legislation:Une expérience á la Camerounaise
Authors: Awasom Susana Yene 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper traces the use of accrual accounting in a tradition where a uniform code-based accounting chart is imposed on all levels of government. Operating within a hybrid of Franco-German and Anglo-Saxon accounting heritage, local government in Cameroon experienced some hurdles in practicing accrual accounting for over a decade. It becomes therefore pertinent to examine the motivation towards the move to accrual accounting and the extent to which accrual data is used for financial reporting and decision-making. The study is hinged on a triangulation in qualitative research, with a case study, interviews and documentary analysis. New Public Management and the institutional theories are used as a framework to broaden the understanding of the practice of accrual as an accounting choice underpinning reforms in the Cameroon public sector. It was revealed in this study that the normative and coercive isomorphic pressures influenced the adoption and practice of accruals in councils. In order to appear legitimate and for fear of being sanctioned, council authorities had to produce some accrual-based financial reports at all cost, even though these reports were hardly used for management decisions making.
In vitro antifungal activity of Turbinaria conoides collected from Mandapam coast, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Shibu A , Dhanam S. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Marine macroalgae have been used as medicines or drug sources for a great many years, stretching back to the era of folk medicines. Algae have been extensively used in the traditional medicines of maritime nations for treatment of goitre, cancer, hypertension, cough and other diseases. The present work was carried out to find out the antifungal activity of the seaweed Turbinaria conoides collected from Mandapam coastal regions of Tamilnadu. The extracts were tested against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilopsis, Fusarium sp, Aspergillus flavus , Asergillus fumigatus. The hexane, chloroform and ethanolic extracts showed a well profound inhibitory activity against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilopsis. No inhibitory activity was found at Fusarium sp, Aspergillus flavus , Asergillus fumigates under chloroform and ethanolic extracts.Key words: Medicine, antifungal, cancer, Candida albicans, diseases.
PHIALOMYCES MACROSPORUS REDUCES CERCOSPORA COFFEICOLA SURVIVAL ON SYMPTOMATIC COFFEE LEAVES
Authors: Laborde Marie Caroline Ferreira , Botelho Deila Magna dos Santos , Rodriguez Gabriel Alfonso Alvarez , Resende Mário Lúcio Vilela de , Queiroz Marisa Vieira de , Batista Aline Duarte , Cardoso Patrícia Gomes , Pascholati Sérgio Florentino , Gusmão Luis Fernando Pascholati , Martins Samuel Júlio , Medeiros Flávio Henrique Vasconcelos de 
Published: March 2019

<p>Saprobe fungi and necrotrophic pathogens share the same niche within crop stubble and the search for fungi non-pathogenic to plants that are able to displace the plant pathogens from its overwintering substrate contributes to the disease management. Brown eye spot (<em>Cercospora coffeicola</em>) is among the most important coffee diseases, it is caused by a necrotrophic pathogen that has decaying leaves as its major source of inoculum. We have screened saprobe fungi for the ability to reduce <em>C. coffeicola</em> sporulation and viability and determined the possible mechanisms involved in the observed biocontrol. A selected saprobe fungus, <em>Phialomyces macrosporus</em>, reduced the pathogen’s viability by 40% both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. The fungus acts through antibiosis and competition for nutrients. It produced both volatile and non-volatile compounds that inhibited <em>C. coffeicola</em> growth, sporulation, and viability. It also produced the tissue maceration enzyme (polygalacturonase), which reduces the pathogen both in detached leaves or in planta. The reduction in the fungal viability either by the saprobe fungus or its polygalacturonase-fraction supernatant resulted in the reduction of the disease rate. Therefore, <em>P. macrosporus </em>is a potential microbial agent that can be used in an integrated management of brown eye spot through the reduction of the initial inoculum of the pathogen that survives and builds up in infected leaves.</p><p> </p>
METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES AND SENSORIAL QUALITY OF COFFEE IN THE MANTIQUEIRA REGION OF MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Borém Flávio Meira , Luz Marcos Paulo Santos , Sáfadi Thelma , Volpato Margarete Marin Lordelo , Alves Helena Maria Ramos , Borém Rosângela Alves Tristão , Maciel Daniel Andrade 
Published: March 2019

<p>The objective of this study was to identify meteorological variables related to the sensorial quality of the coffees from Mantiqueira region in Minas Gerais. Meteorological conditions are strongly related to the coffee’s sensorial characteristics, however, there aren’t many studies quantifying this relation. Air temperature and rainfall data were collected and spatialized for regional analysis. These were associated to the 2007 through 2011 coffees’ beverage scores. The region is stratified according to relief characteristics. The bigger frequency of high scores occurred on the region’s central-south, where coffee cultivation is performed above 900 m altitude. For the <em>in loco </em>study, meteorological data and coffee samples were collected in selected pilot areas. Coffee crops were selected in three altitude ranges: below 1000 m, between 1000 and 1200 m, and over 1200 m. Above 1000 m the meteorological variable that presented the biggest variation was the air temperature. Above 1000 m the smallest thermal amplitude occurred, which provided superior quality coffees. The study demonstrates the importance of the meteorological variable characterization aiming to identify locations with greater vocation to the specialty coffees production.</p>
"O Homem do Ano" a partir do ponto de vista da sociologia reflexiva de Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Costa Vinícius Dino Fonseca de Castro e 
Published: March 2019

O texto se trata de um exercício de análise do filme O Homem do Ano (Brasil, 2003), e de problemáticas relacionadas a este mesmo exercício (considerando as especificidades do filme enquanto objeto empírico), a partir do modelo teórico-analítico proposto por Pierre Bourdieu. Lançando-se mão dos conceitos e instrumentos fornecidos por esse modelo, busca-se em primeiro lugar uma objetivação descritiva e analítica da trajetória social da personagem principal do filme, seguindo-se uma problematização reflexiva dos procedimentos realizados pela objetivação, e por fim, uma interpretação do filme, entendido enquanto objeto estético e de significação.
Aproximações Sociológicas à Noção de Memória em “Cien años de soledad”
Authors: Trujillo Uribe Lucy Adriana 
Published: March 2019

Partindo da ideia de que na novela Cien años de soledad de Gabriel García Marquez existe uma noção implícita sobre o funcionamento da memória, interessa-nos neste texto problematizar dita noção literária em relação às perspectivas sociológicas sobre memória e cultura que desenvolvem Norbert Elias, Roger Bartra e Günter Dux.
Manajemen Pelayanan Bagi Peserta Bpjs Kesehatan Di Rsud Syech Yusuf Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Nujannah Rahmah , Aksa Andi Nuraeni , Idris Muhammad 
Published: March 2019

The research aim was to know the plan, application and supervision of serving for the health BPJS member in Syech Yusuf hospital in Gowa regency. The research kind was the descriptive qualitative. The Informan were 8 people. The data source was the primer data and secunder data. The data collecting technique used the observation, documentation and interview for instrument. The research result showed that still there were the patient who came and did not get the quick service, sometimes they have to be in line for hours if would like of the employs were often came late. The patient would like to get the good service but they got the otherwise.keywords: management, service, healthy BPJS Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan dan Pengawasan pelayanan bagi peserta BPJS kesehatan di RSUD Syech Yusuf Kabupaten Gowa. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Informan berjumlah delapan orang. Data bersumber dari data primer dan data sekunder. Tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen berupa observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak pasien yang datang tidak mendapat pelayanan dengan cepat, kadang antri berjam-jam bila ingin berobat. Hal yang lain dapat kita lihat bahwa sebagian pegawainya sering datang terlambat. Pasien ingin mendapat pelayanan yang baik akan tetapi pelayanan yang didapatkan tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. kata kunci: manajemen, pelayanan,BPJS kesehatan