bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Role of H-Ferritin in Mitigating Valvular Mineralization
Authors: Sikura Katalin Éva , Potor László , Szerafin Tamás , Zarjou Abolfazl , Agarwal Anupam , Arosio Paolo , Poli Maura , Hendrik Zoltán , Méhes Gábor , Oros Melinda , Posta Niké , Beke Lívia , Fürtös Ibolya , Balla György , Balla József 
Published: January 2019

Objective—
Calcific aortic valve disease is a prominent finding in elderly and in patients with chronic kidney disease. We investigated the potential role of iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valve disease.

Approach and Results—

Cultured valvular interstitial cells of stenotic aortic valve with calcification from patients undergoing valve replacement exhibited significant susceptibility to mineralization/osteoblastic transdifferentiation in response to phosphate. This process was abrogated by iron via induction of H-ferritin as reflected by lowering ALP and osteocalcin secretion and preventing extracellular calcium deposition. Cellular phosphate uptake and accumulation of lysosomal phosphate were decreased. Accordingly, expression of phosphate transporters Pit1 and Pit2 were repressed. Translocation of ferritin into lysosomes occurred with high phosphate-binding capacity. Importantly, ferritin reduced nuclear accumulation of RUNX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), and as a reciprocal effect, it enhanced nuclear localization of transcription factor Sox9 (SRY [sex-determining region Y]-box 9). Pyrophosphate generation was also increased via upregulation of ENPP2 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2).
3
H-1, 2-dithiole-3-thione mimicked these beneficial effects in valvular interstitial cell via induction of H-ferritin. Ferroxidase activity of H-ferritin was essential for this function, as ceruloplasmin exhibited similar inhibitory functions. Histological analysis of stenotic aortic valve revealed high expression of H-ferritin without iron accumulation and its relative dominance over ALP in noncalcified regions. Increased expression of H-ferritin accompanied by elevation of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IL-1β (interleukin-1β) levels, inducers of H-ferritin, corroborates the essential role of ferritin/ferroxidase via attenuating inflammation in calcific aortic valve disease.

Conclusions—
Our results indicate that H-ferritin is a stratagem in mitigating valvular mineralization/osteoblastic differentiation. Utilization of 3H-1, 2-dithiole-3-thione to induce ferritin expression may prove a novel therapeutic potential in valvular mineralization.
Mediterranean Diet and the Association Between Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk
Authors: Lim Chris C. , Hayes Richard B. , Ahn Jiyoung , Shao Yongzhao , Silverman Debra T. , Jones Rena R. , Thurston George D. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Recent experimental evidence suggests that nutritional supplementation can blunt adverse cardiopulmonary effects induced by acute air pollution exposure. However, whether usual individual dietary patterns can modify the association between long-term air pollution exposure and health outcomes has not been previously investigated. We assessed, in a large cohort with detailed diet information at the individual level, whether a Mediterranean diet modifies the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease mortality risk.

Methods:
The National Institutes of Health–American Association for Retired Persons Diet and Health Study, a prospective cohort (N=548 845) across 6 states and 2 cities in the United States and with a follow-up period of 17 years (1995–2011), was linked to estimates of annual average exposures to fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide at the residential census-tract level. The alternative Mediterranean Diet Index, which uses a 9-point scale to assess conformity with a Mediterranean-style diet, was constructed for each participant from information in cohort baseline dietary questionnaires. We evaluated mortality risks for cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or cardiac arrest associated with long-term air pollution exposure. Effect modification of the associations between exposure and the mortality outcomes by alternative Mediterranean Diet Index was examined via interaction terms.

Results:

For fine particulate matter, we observed elevated and significant associations with cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR] per 10 μg/m
3
, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08–1.18), ischemic heart disease (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10–1.23), and cerebrovascular disease (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03–1.28). For nitrogen dioxide, we found significant associations with cardiovascular disease (HR per 10 ppb, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04–1.08) and ischemic heart disease (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05–1.11). Analyses indicated that Mediterranean diet modified these relationships, as those with a higher alternative Mediterranean Diet Index score had significantly lower rates of cardiovascular disease mortality associated with long-term air pollution exposure (
P
-interaction<0.05).

Conclusions:
A Mediterranean diet reduced cardiovascular disease mortality risk related to long-term exposure to air pollutants in a large prospective US cohort. Increased consumption of foods rich in antioxidant compounds may aid in reducing the considerable disease burden associated with ambient air pollution.
The First Forecasters’ Handbook for West Africa
Authors: Cornforth Rosalind , Parker Douglas J. , Diop-Kane Mariane , Fink Andreas H. , Lafore Jean-Philippe , Laing Arlene , Afiesimama Ernest , Caughey Jim , Diongue-Niang Aida , Kassimou Abdou , Lamb Peter , Lamptey Benjamin , Mumba Zilore , Nnodu Ifeanyi , Omotosho Jerome , Palmer Steve , Parrish Patrick , Razafindrakoto Leon-Guy , Thiaw Wassila , Thorncroft Chris , Tompkins Adrian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBridging the gap between rapidly moving scientific research and specific forecasting tools, Meteorology of Tropical West Africa: The Forecasters’ Handbook gives unprecedented access to the latest science for the region’s forecasters, researchers, and students and combines this with pragmatic approaches to forecasting. It is set to change the way tropical meteorology is learned and will serve to drive demand for new forecasting tools. The Forecasters’ Handbook builds upon the legacy of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project, making the latest science applicable to forecasting in the region. By bringing together, at the outset, researchers and forecasters from across the region, and linking to applications, user communities, and decision-makers, The Forecasters’ Handbook provides a template for finding much needed solutions to critical issues such as building resilience to weather hazards and climate change in West Africa.
The Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Aerosol–Cloud Interactions (WRF-ACI): Development, Evaluation, and Initial Application
Authors: Glotfelty Timothy , Alapaty Kiran , He Jian , Hawbecker Patrick , Song Xiaoliang , Zhang Guang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Aerosol–Cloud Interactions (WRF-ACI) is developed for studying aerosol effects on gridscale and subgrid-scale clouds using common aerosol activation and ice nucleation formulations and double-moment cloud microphysics in a scale-aware subgrid-scale parameterization scheme. Comparisons of both the standard WRF and WRF-ACI models’ results for a summer season against satellite and reanalysis estimates show that the WRF-ACI system improves the simulation of cloud liquid and ice water paths. Correlation coefficients for nearly all evaluated parameters are improved, while other variables show slight degradation. Results indicate a strong cloud lifetime effect from current climatological aerosols increasing domain average cloud liquid water path and reducing domain average precipitation as compared to a simulation with aerosols reduced by 90%. Increased cloud-top heights indicate a thermodynamic invigoration effect, but the impact of thermodynamic invigoration on precipitation is overwhelmed by the cloud lifetime effect. A combination of cloud lifetime and cloud albedo effects increases domain average shortwave cloud forcing by ~3.0 W m−2. Subgrid-scale clouds experience a stronger response to aerosol levels, while gridscale clouds are subject to thermodynamic feedbacks because of the design of the WRF modeling framework. The magnitude of aerosol indirect effects is shown to be sensitive to the choice of autoconversion parameterization used in both the gridscale and subgrid-scale cloud microphysics, but spatial patterns remain qualitatively similar. These results indicate that the WRF-ACI model provides the community with a computationally efficient tool for exploring aerosol–cloud interactions.
Application of an Implementation Science Framework to Policies on Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
Authors: DeSisto Carla L. , Kroelinger Charlan D. , Estrich Cameron , Velonis Alisa , Uesugi Keriann , Goodman David A. , Pliska Ellen , Akbarali Sanaa , Rankin Kristin M. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Implementation science provides useful tools for guiding and evaluating the integration of evidence-based interventions with standard practice. The objective of our study was to demonstrate the usefulness of applying an implementation science framework—the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)—to increase understanding of implementation of complex statewide public health initiatives, using the example of Medicaid immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) policies. Methods: We conducted semistructured telephone interviews with the 13 state teams participating in the Immediate Postpartum LARC Learning Community. We asked teams to describe the implementation facilitators, barriers, and strategies in 8 focus areas of the Learning Community. We audio-recorded and transcribed interviews and then coded each interview according to the domains and constructs (ie, theoretical concepts) of the CFIR. Results: Cosmopolitanism (ie, networking with external organizations) was the most frequently coded construct of the framework. A related construct was networks and communications (ie, the nature and quality of social networks and formal and informal communications in an organization). Within the construct of cost, state teams identified barriers that were often unable to be overcome. Trialability (ie, ability to test the intervention on a small scale) and engaging champions (ie, attracting and involving persons who dedicate themselves to supporting the intervention in an organization) were among the most salient constructs of the framework and were the sources of many implementation strategies. Conclusions: State leaders and program staff members may benefit from considering the CFIR domains and constructs in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of complex statewide public health initiatives.
Effect of cannabis on weight and metabolism in first-episode non-affective psychosis: Results from a three-year longitudinal study
Authors: Vázquez-Bourgon Javier , Setién-Suero Esther , Pilar-Cuéllar Fuencisla , Romero-Jiménez Rodrigo , Ortiz-García de la Foz Víctor , Castro Elena , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto 
Published: January 2019

Background: Cannabis smoking is highly prevalent among patients with psychotic disorders. Its use has been found to be related to clinical characteristics and the prognosis of the disorder. Recent evidence indicates a protective effect of cannabis on weight gain and related metabolic alterations. However, there are no previous studies on the long-term longitudinal effects of cannabis on first-episode drug-naïve patients, which would thereby avoid the confounding effects of chronicity and previous treatment exposure. We aimed to explore the effect of cannabis smoking on weight and lipid/glycaemic metabolic measures in a sample of first-episode non-affective psychosis patients. Method: Anthropometric measurements and glycaemic and lipid parameters were obtained at baseline and three years after initiation of treatment. Patients self-reported their cannabis use at both time points. To explore the longitudinal effect of cannabis, patients were divided into three groups: continuers, discontinuers and non-users. Results: Cannabis users at baseline presented a lower weight ( F=14.85, p<0.001), body mass index ( F=13.14, p<0.001), total cholesterol ( F=4.85, p=0.028) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( F=6.26, p=0.013) compared to non-users. These differences were also observed after three years: weight ( F=8.07, p=0.005), body mass index ( F=4.66, p=0.032) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( F=3.91, p=0.049). Moreover, those patients discontinuing cannabis use presented a higher increase in weight ( F=2.98, p=0.052), body mass index ( F=2.73, p=0.067) and triglyceride-high-density lipoprotein ratio ( F=2.72, p=0.067) than the ‘non-users’ and ‘continuers’. Conclusions: The study suggests that cannabis use may produce a protective effect against weight gain and related metabolic alterations in psychosis. However, these results need to be replicated in a larger sample size.
Adherence to Disease-Modifying Therapies at a Multiple Sclerosis Clinic: The Role of the Specialty Pharmacist
Authors: Banks Aimee M. , Peter Megan E. , Holder Genna M. , Jolly Jacob A. , Markley Brandon M. , Zuckerman Scott L. , Choi Leena , Nwosu Sam , Zuckerman Autumn D. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Disease-modifying therapy (DMT) delays disease progression and improves quality of life for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but adherence to DMT is often suboptimal. Vanderbilt Specialty Pharmacy (VSP) embeds pharmacists within an outpatient MS clinic to provide medication management and address barriers to adherence. Objective: We evaluated rates and predictors of adherence to DMT among patients with MS at an integrated specialty pharmacy. Methods: We included patients with MS who filled ≥3 DMT prescriptions from VSP during the study period. Adherence was defined as medication possession ratio (MPR) or proportion of days covered (PDC) ≥0.8. Reasons for nonadherence were collected from pharmacy claims and electronic medical records. Results: The study included 653 patients. Average MPR and PDC were 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. Eighty-eight percent of patients achieved MPR ≥0.8; 89% achieved PDC ≥0.8. Using financial assistance and having $0 out-of-pocket cost were associated with higher odds of achieving MPR and PDC ≥0.8 ( P < .05). Of the 12% of patients who were nonadherent, most were unreachable for refills. Conclusions: Ensuring financial assistance and low out-of-pocket costs are associated with high adherence to DMT within an integrated specialty clinic, but more work is needed to address adherence in unreachable patients.
Laminar buffet and flow control
Authors: Brion V , Dandois J , Mayer R , Reijasse P , Lutz T , Jacquin L 
Published: January 2019

An experimental investigation of the transonic flow past the laminar OALT25 airfoil has been conducted to analyze the impact of laminar flow upon the shock wave dynamics and the existence of a laminar buffet like phenomenon. Tests have been carried out at freestream Mach numbers varying in the range of 0.7–0.8, angle of attack from 0.5° to 4°, and with two tripping configurations at the upper surface of the wing. The (airfoil) chord based Reynolds number is about three million. Results obtained from pressure taps and sensors measurements, as well as Schlieren visualizations of the flow reveal the presence of a laminar buffet phenomenon in sharp contrast with the turbulent phenomenon, as it features a freestream- and chord-based normalized frequency of about unity while turbulent buffet occurs for a frequency close to 0.07 (Jacquin et al., AIAA J 2009; 47). A low-frequency mode, at a frequency of about 0.05 is also present in the laminar situation, notably lower than the high-frequency component. The latter exhibits strong oscillations of the shock foot and vertical wavelike deformations of the shock wave and the former moves the shock back and forth over a small portion of chord, quite similar to the turbulent phenomenon. The mean flow past the laminar wing is characterized by a laminar separation bubble under the shock foot, which likely contributes much to the novel dynamics revealed by the present experiments. Two control strategies of the unsteady shock wave are implemented, one consisting of three-dimensional bumps and one consisting of steady jets blowing transversely to the freestream. It is found that bumps provide a significant reduction of the buffet intensity in the laminar situation. The jets are able to completely remove the flow unsteadiness in both laminar and turbulent conditions.
Can progressive macroeconomic policy address growth and employment while reducing inequality in South Africa?
Authors: Padayachee Vishnu 
Published: January 2019

This article aims to set out some progressive, mainly post-Keynesian, macroeconomic policy ideas for debate and further research in the context of macroeconomic challenges faced by South Africa today. Despite some successes, including at reducing poverty, the South African economy has been characterised by low growth, rising unemployment and increasing inequality, which together with rampant corruption and governance failures combine to threaten the very core of the country’s stability and democracy. The neo-liberal economic policies that the African National Congress–led government surprisingly adopted in 1996 in order to assuage global markets sceptical of its historical support for dirigiste economic policy, have simply not worked. Appropriate progressive macroeconomic interventions are urgently needed to head off the looming prospect of a failed state in the country which Nelson Mandela led to democracy after his release from prison in February 1990. What happens in Africa’s southern tip should still matter for progressives all around the world. The article draws on both history and theory to demonstrate the roots of such progressive heterodox economic thinking and support for a more carefully coordinated activist state-led macroeconomic policy, both in general terms and in the South African context. It shows that such approaches to growth and development – far from being populist – also have a rich history and respectable theoretical pedigree behind them and are worthy of inclusion in the South African policy debate. JEL Code: E12
Screening and evaluation tools of dysphagia in adults with neuromuscular diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Audag Nicolas , Goubau Christophe , Toussaint Michel , Reychler Gregory 
Published: January 2019

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the different dysphagia screening and evaluation tools, and to identify their measurement properties in adults with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search strategy was conducted across three databases ( PubMed, CINAHL and ScienceDirect). Measurement properties of each tools and the Quality Index, developed by Downs and Black, were considered for the different investigated studies. Results: The search strategy produced 2221 articles. After removal of duplicates and full-text analysis, 19 studies were included. Most of the publications focused on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; n = 10) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD; n = 4). A total of 12 tools, listed as instrumental and noninstrumental examinations, were retrieved. A total of five of them used videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS). Measurement properties of the tools are not completely described in detail in many studies. The neuromuscular disease swallowing status scale, a noninstrumental tool, is the only one that assessed all measurement properties in ALS patients. The median score reported for the Quality Index was 16. Conclusions: This systematic review identified 12 different tools for the screening and evaluation of dysphagia in adults with NMD. Majority of the studies presented VFSS as a valid and reliable examination to assess dysphagia in ALS and DMD. Other tools were mainly evaluated in ALS patients, but further studies are needed to complete their measurement properties. In other NMDs, no firm conclusion can be made because of insufficient data and heterogeneity of NMDs.
Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes mellitus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Safi U , Ul Abideen Asad Zain , Khan Muhammad U , Talluri Swapna , Ali Farman , Shahzeb Khan Muhammad , Lone Ahmad N , Mookadam Farouk , Krasuski Richard A , Kaluski Edo 
Published: January 2019

Background
The safety and efficacy of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus remains controversial.

Design
A meta-analysis to investigate the effects of aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus.

Methods
Ten randomized controlled trials were selected using MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases until 27 September 2018. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and risk differences (RDs) reported as incident events per 1000 person-years were calculated.

Results
In 33,679 patients, aspirin did not significantly reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–1.00, P = 0.06; RD −0.68 incident cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI −1.54, 0.17)), cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.83–1.09, P = 0.49; RD 0.11 incident cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI −0.80, 1.02)), myocardial infarction (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.75–1.11, P = 0.36; RD −0.66 incident cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI −2.07, 0.75)), or stroke (RR 0.91, 95% C, 0.76–1.10, P = 0.33; RD −0.55 incident cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI −1.57, 0.47)). There was a significantly higher risk of total bleeding associated with aspirin (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07–1.55, P = 0.01; RD 1.49 incident cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 0.36, 2.61)).

Conclusion
The use of aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus increases the risk of total bleeding without reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Mineralogy of the baotite-bearing Gundrapalli lamproite, Nalgonda district, Telangana, India
Authors: Kaur Gurmeet , Mitchell Roger H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe describe the mineralogy of a lamproite dyke from Gundrapalli village (Nalgonda district), Telangana, India. The dyke consists of a mineral assemblage characteristic of lamproites in terms of the presence of amphiboles (mainly potassic-richterite together with potassic-arfvedsonite, magnesio-riebeckite, Ti-rich potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite, potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite, katophorite and potassic-ferri-katophorite), Al-poor pyroxene, phlogopite (Ti-rich, Al-poor), pseudomorphed leucite, spinel (chromite-magnesiochromite), fluorapatite, baryte, titanite, rutile, barytocalcite, calcite, ilmenite, hydro-zircon, baotite, strontianite, allanite, quartz and pyrite. The absence of wadeite and priderite have been compensated for by the presence of baotite, rutile, titanite, baryte and hydro-zircons. The presence of the secondary phases: allanite, hydro-zircon, chlorite, quartz and cryptocrystalline silica, implies that the dyke has undergone deuteric alteration. On the basis of its typomorphic mineralogy the Gundrapalli dyke has been classified as a pseudoleucite-phlogopite-amphibole-lamproite. We report the presence of the rare mineral baotite from this lamproite, the first recognition of baotite from a lamproite in India. The mineralogy of the baotite-bearing Gundrapalli lamproite is analogous to the baotite-bearing Kvaløya lamproite from Troms, Norway.