bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Text Sets to Support Knowledge Building and Interdisciplinary Learning
Authors: Lupo Sarah M. , Berry Alicia , Thacker Emma , Sawyer Amanda , Merritt Joi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBuilding content knowledge alongside the task of increasing literacy skills has become a goal for many elementary classrooms. Selecting and implementing texts for the literacy block that both increase content knowledge and develop students’ literacy skills alongside increasing motivation for reading is a daunting task. The authors share a strategic approach for selecting texts called the quad text set framework. This framework involves first selecting a target text, which is a challenging content‐related text, and then selecting easier texts, including visuals, to build background knowledge and a hook text to garner interest in the topic. The teacher then decides how to implement the texts to best support students’ content learning. The authors describe considerations for selecting and ordering texts for interdisciplinary units to maximize content learning and literacy and provide examples of how to implement quad text sets related to math, science, and social studies.
The history and importance of private lands for North American waterfowl conservation
Authors: Brasher Michael G. , Giocomo James J. , Azure David A. , Bartuszevige Anne M. , Flaspohler Mark E. , Harrigal Dean E. , Olson Brian W. , Pitre John M. , Renner Randy W. , Stephens Scott E. , Vest Josh L. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTWaterfowl conservation in North America provides an example of an abundant wildlife resource that was driven to alarmingly low levels as a result of unregulated exploitation of its populations and habitats, but which has since recovered because of cooperative efforts across multiple countries. Waterfowl conservation in North America began in earnest during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and has developed through international treaties and national policy as well as regional partnerships and supporting efforts of private landowners. In recent years, significant accomplishments have been realized through public–private partnerships that use local knowledge and engagement with stakeholders to develop conservation programs that are compatible with landowner interests and existing farming or ranching operations. Through the presentation of case studies from across North America, we demonstrate there exists no single ‘best’ program or framework for conserving waterfowl habitat on private lands, although a common denominator for success is robust support from an energized and resourceful partnership. Financial incentives provided a positive encouragement for participation, but private land programs will be most effective long term when they explicitly incorporate the needs of private landowners and generate benefits beyond provision of wildlife habitat. Successful conservation of waterfowl populations into the future will require a suite of programs and strategies and will hinge on our ability to develop conservation solutions that provide mutual benefits to waterfowl and an increasingly diverse private‐landowner base. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Bridging the gap between conservation delivery and economics with precision agriculture
Authors: McConnell Mark D. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTAgricultural landscapes are important for natural resource conservation, but present numerous obstacles associated with intensive agricultural production. Chief among these challenges is the competing economics outcomes of conservation and crop production. Understanding these outcomes requires quantifying economics of crop production and conservation enrollment. Precision agriculture technology provides a mechanism to address these needs by using advanced technology to quantify spatially explicit profitability in agricultural fields. Precision agriculture's application to conservation planning represents a growing field of research. I present a brief overview of precision agriculture technology and its application in natural resource conservation. I discuss the role precision agriculture can play in United States conservation policy, highlight hindrances to adopting this technology, and provide recommendations for future application. I outline a new approach of targeted conservation delivery that focuses on return on investment to agricultural producers and discuss the role of precision agriculture in this approach. Increased adoption and application of this technology in natural resource conservation will require substantial investment from state wildlife agencies, nongovernmental organizations, farm managers, rural banks, and agricultural companies. Precision agriculture represents the next paradigm shift in natural resource conservation where spatially explicit conservation decisions are made that optimize conservation and profitability to produce environmentally resilient, multifunctional agricultural landscapes. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Pharmaceutical Industry in China: Policy, Market and IP
Authors: Chen Xiangdong , Xue Shaofang , Lv Miaochen , Wang Ruolan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides a three-prong investigation framework on Chinese pharmaceutical industry, namely, policy structure, market structure and IP (patent-based) structure. The Chinese pharmaceutical industry has been developing fast in market size and revenue volumes. However, the scale of Chinese pharmaceutical companies is relatively small, and the market concentration is low. Therefore, local pharmaceutical companies with higher R&D input are generally less profitable. Although there is increase in the number of patented drugs in the pharmaceutical industry in China, patents have made relatively low contribution to the industrial values, and IP held by Chinese firms is less competitive compared with that of foreign companies. Most of the pharmaceutical enterprises in China still focus on generic drugs. Market regulation of the pharmaceutical industry in China is relatively strict, especially market entry and price control. A detailed comparison between Chinese and Indian industry is given by this chapter.
Rooting for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security Through Improved Regulatory Governance in India
Authors: Tripathy Sunita 
Published: September 2019

Abstract‘Zero hunger’ as a sustainable development goal requires macro-level multisectoral innovation in any regulatory setting. This is more so in the case of India, which grapples with poverty, famine, shortage in food supply and massive hike in prices of basic foodstuffs. In this chapter, I critically analyse the recent Indian efforts to overcome challenges posed by the pervasive problem of food insecurity and discuss the issues that India must overcome to position itself in a low-hunger bracket globally. In that I elaborately reflect on whether the prevailing food distribution system is being reformed to achieve aims of creating sustainable food systems through action-oriented policies. Further I contend that agroecological practices in comparison to the intellectual property-centred industrial model are the more sustainable approach in the longer run. However, the high concentration of firms in the sector seems to often create an imbalance, since capitalist tendencies outweigh the presence of any competition in the market. I argue that this imbalance has specifically led to regulatory failure in the Indian context by exemplifying the litigations concerning ag-biotech gene patents held by Monsanto. Thus, improved oversight through better understanding of the long-term goal of regulation in light of the food-health-climate nexus is the need of the hour. Preserving gene diversity, traditional farm practices and adapting to sustainable ways that aid regulatory governance in India is the plausible way to create a hunger-free future, as envisaged in UN Food and Agriculture Organisation’s definition of food security.
Constitutional Governance in India and China and Its Impact on National Innovation
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIndia and China have attracted research interest due to their potential to catch up to developed nations. The framework of the National Innovation System (NIS) is a popular theory to explain the role of the state in supporting knowledge creation and learning capacity for the catching-up stage. Various comparative studies on sectoral innovation or geography of innovation in India and China have been conducted, mainly by economists. This chapter tries to bring the non-quantified factor-constitutional governance into the discussion from three aspects of the political philosophy for achieving social revolution and social justice, power distribution from three dimensions of vertical, horizontal, and state versus citizen, which have not been favored by economists, due to their lack of rigorousness. At the end, the chapter applies the factors to the analysis of their influence on the economic development path and on the innovation strategy in India and China.
The role of expectancies and emotional load in false auditory perceptions among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Gawęda Łukasz , Moritz Steffen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCognitive models suggest that top-down and emotional processes increase false perceptions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, little is still known about the interaction of these processes in false auditory perceptions. The present study aimed at investigating the specific as well as joint impacts of expectancies and emotional load on false auditory perceptions in SSD. Thirty-three patients with SSD and 33 matched healthy controls were assessed with a false perception task. Participants were asked to detect a target stimulus (a word) in a white noise background (the word was present in 60% of the cases and absent in 40%). Conditions varied in terms of the level of expectancy (1. no cue prior to the stimulus, 2. semantic priming, 3. semantic priming accompanied by a video of a man’s mouth spelling out the word). The words used were neutral or emotionally negative. Symptom severity was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Higher expectancy significantly increased the likelihood of false auditory perceptions only among the patients with SSD (the group x expectancy condition interaction was significant), which was unrelated to general cognitive performance. Emotional load had no impact on false auditory perceptions in either group. Patients made more false auditory perceptions with high confidence than controls did. False auditory perceptions were significantly correlated with the severity of positive symptoms and disorganization, but not with other dimensions. Perception in SSD seems to be susceptible to top-down processes, increasing the likelihood of high-confidence false auditory perceptions.
Probing IoT-based consumer services: ‘insights’ from the connected shower
Authors: Crabtree Andy , Hyland Lewis , Colley James , Flintham Martin , Fischer Joel E. , Kwon Hyosun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper presents findings from the deployment of a technology probe—the connected shower—and implications for the development of ‘living services’ or autonomous context-aware consumer-oriented IoT services that exploit sensing to gain consumer ‘insight’ and drive personalised service innovation. It contributes to the literature on water sustainability and the potential role and barriers to the adoption of smart showers in domestic life. It also contributes to our understanding of context, which enables user activity to be discriminated and elaborated thereby furnishing the ‘insight’ living services require for their successful operation. Problematically, however, our study shows that context is not a property of sensor data. Rather than provide contextual insights into showering, the sensor data requires contextualisation to discriminate and elaborate user activity. Thus, in addition to examining the potential of the connected shower in everyday life, we consider how sensor data is contextualised through the doing of data work and the relevance of its interactional accomplishment and organisation to the design of living services.
Priapism from Recreational Intracavernosal Injections in a High-Risk Metropolitan Community
Authors: Zhao Hanson , Berdahl Carl , Bresee Catherine , Moradzadeh Ariel , Houman Justin , Kim Howard , Eilber Karyn , Pevnick Joshua , Anger Jennifer T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Recreational use of intracavernosal injections (ICIs) is a high-risk behavior that involves sharing of these agents by men without physician regulation.

Aim
To characterize the etiologies and outcomes of priapism at a Los Angeles metropolitan medical center to better understand patterns of usage of recreational ICIs and the public health implications of such practices.

Methods
With institutional review board approval, we retrospectively reviewed all cases of priapism presenting to the emergency room of a Los Angeles tertiary medical center from 2010 to 2018. We compared outcomes between patients who presented with priapism after recreational ICI and patients who presented with other etiologies.

Main Outcome Measure
We describe patient characteristics, etiologies, and treatments of priapism at our institution.

Results
We identified 169 priapism encounters by 143 unique patients. Recreational ICIs accounted for 82 of the 169 priapism encounters (49%). Patients who used recreational injections were younger than those who presented with other etiologies (43.5 years vs 47.5 years; P = .048) and had delayed presentations (median, 12 hours vs 8 hours; P &lt; .0001). There was no statistical difference across groups in the proportion of patients requiring operative intervention (14.6% of recreational ICI users vs 16.1% of all other patients; P = .23). A total of 36 out of 72 patients who used recreational ICIs (50%) were HIV+.

Clinical Implications
Our study adds to the relatively sparse literature on priapism outcomes. We identify and describe a high-risk population that uses recreational intracavernosal injections.

Strengths & Limitations
To our knowledge, this is the largest series of priapism encounters. However, the data are retrospective from a single institution, and there is a lack of long-term follow up.

Conclusion
A large proportion of priapism visits at our institution were attributed to recreational use of ICIs. This is a high-risk patient population that may not be aware of the risks of recreational ICIs and the consequences of priapism. Further effort should be made to increase public and physician awareness of this harmful practice.
Long-Term Follow-Up After Penile Prosthesis Implantation—Survival and Quality of Life Outcomes
Authors: Chierigo Francesco , Capogrosso Paolo , Dehò Federico , Pozzi Edoardo , Schifano Nicolò , Belladelli Federico , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionHydraulic penile prostheses have shown an overall good mechanical reliability up to 10 years after surgery; however, few data have been published on very long-term follow-up.AimWe looked at long-term (≥15 years) complications, including functional and quality of life (QoL) outcomes, after 3-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED).MethodsData regarding 149 patients submitting to IPP placement before 2001 were analyzed. All patients were implanted with AMS CX and Ultrex Plus 3-piece prostheses.Main Outcome MeasurePatients were reassessed to evaluate rates of complications and functional outcomes. The validated questionnaire Quality of Life and Sexuality with Penile Prosthesis (QoLSPP) was used to assess patient QoL. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated the probability of prosthesis survival (defined as working device/not-explanted).ResultsMedian follow-up of 51 patients was 206 months (interquartile range [IQR], 145–257). The etiology of ED was vasculogenic (n = 20; 39%), Peyronie’s disease (n = 15; 29%), pelvic surgery (n = 4; 7.8%), organic other than vasculogenic (n = 3; 5.9%), or other (n = 9; 18%). Throughout the follow-up, 24 patients (49%) experienced complications: mechanical failure (n = 19; 79%), pain (n = 3; 12%), orgasmic dysfunctions (n = 1; 4.5%), or device infection (n = 1; 4.5%). The estimated IPP survival was 53% (95% CI, 36–67) at 20-year follow-up. Baseline characteristics (age, Charlson comorbidity index, body mass index, and erectile dysfunction etiology) were not significantly associated with the risk of IPP failure over time by Cox regression analysis. At 20-year follow-up, 41% (95% CI, 19–49) of the patients were still using the device. Among them, QoLSPP median domain scores were high: functional 22/25 (IQR, 20–23), relational 17/20 (IQR, 15–18), personal 14/15 (IQR, 12–15), and social 14/15 (IQR, 11–15).Clinical ImplicationsThe longevity of the device and long-term satisfaction rates should be comprehensively discussed during patient consultation for IPP surgery.Strengths & LimitationsTo our knowledge, this is the first study reporting long-term QoL outcomes using a dedicated questionnaire for penile prostheses. The low response rate for the telephone interviews, the retrospective design of the study, and the relatively small number of patients are the main limitations.ConclusionLong-term follow-up data after IPP placement showed that almost half of the devices still worked properly 20 years after the original penile implant, as 60% of patients were still using the device with high satisfaction and adequate QoL outcomes. Both patients and physicians should be aware of the expected life and outcomes of IPP implants.
Droplet–turbulence interactions and quasi-equilibrium dynamics in turbulent emulsions
Authors: Mukherjee Siddhartha , Safdari Arman , Shardt Orest , Kenjereš Saša , Van den Akker Harry E. A. 
Published: September 2019

We perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) of emulsions in homogeneous isotropic turbulence using a pseudopotential lattice-Boltzmann (PP-LB) method. Improving on previous literature by minimizing droplet dissolution and spurious currents, we show that the PP-LB technique is capable of long stable simulations in certain parameter regions. Varying the dispersed-phase volume fraction$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$, we demonstrate that droplet breakup extracts kinetic energy from the larger scales while injecting energy into the smaller scales, increasingly with higher$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$, with approximately the Hinze scale (Hinze,AIChE J., vol. 1 (3), 1955, pp. 289–295) separating the two effects. A generalization of the Hinze scale is proposed, which applies both to dense and dilute suspensions, including cases where there is a deviation from the$k^{-5/3}$inertial range scaling and where coalescence becomes dominant. This is done using the Weber number spectrum$We(k)$, constructed from the multiphase kinetic energy spectrum$E(k)$, which indicates the critical droplet scale at which$We\approx 1$. This scale roughly separates coalescence and breakup dynamics as it closely corresponds to the transition of the droplet size ($d$) distribution into a$d^{-10/3}$scaling (Garrettet al.,J. Phys. Oceanogr., vol. 30 (9), 2000, pp. 2163–2171; Deane & Stokes,Nature, vol. 418 (6900), 2002, p. 839). We show the need to maintain a separation of the turbulence forcing scale and domain size to prevent the formation of large connected regions of the dispersed phase. For the first time, we show that turbulent emulsions evolve into a quasi-equilibrium cycle of alternating coalescence and breakup dominated processes. Studying the system in its state-space comprising kinetic energy$E_{k}$, enstrophy$\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}^{2}$and the droplet number density$N_{d}$, we find that their dynamics resemble limit cycles with a time delay. Extreme values in the evolution of$E_{k}$are manifested in the evolution of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}^{2}$and$N_{d}$with a delay of${\sim}0.3{\mathcal{T}}$and${\sim}0.9{\mathcal{T}}$respectively (with${\mathcal{T}}$the large eddy timescale). Lastly, we also show that flow topology of turbulence in an emulsion is significantly more different from single-phase turbulence than previously thought. In particular, vortex compression and axial straining mechanisms increase in the droplet phase.
What determines national convergence of EU law? Measuring the implementation of consumer sales law
Authors: Goanta Catalina , Siems Mathias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHarmonisation and legal convergence are core tasks of the EU. This paper explores the question about the determinants for national convergence of EU law, specifically applied to the ever-growing body of European consumer sales law. The measurement of national convergence is based on a unique coding of five directives in seven Member States. Using the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method, the paper finds that differences in national convergence can partly be explained by favourable features of the corresponding directives; however, mainly, they are the result of a combination of domestic political factors and, to a lesser extent, the country characteristics. This has important policy implications, for instance, on the need to ‘bring in politics’ in the debate about convergence, harmonisation and consumer sales law.
Comparing older adult and child protection policy in the United States of America
Authors: Lu Peiyi , Shelley Mack 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCompared with policy related to child abuse, older adult protection policy developed later and made slower progress in the United States of America. Few studies have addressed older adult protection policy. This paper compares the two policies and provides implications about how to improve older adult protection policy by emulating child protection policy. The Dimensions of Choice Framework was utilised to illuminate the differences between child protection and older adult protection policies (i.e. allocation, provisions, delivery and finance), while Advocacy Coalition Framework theory was used to explain why these differences exist (i.e. the contentions between ally and opposite coalitions). The Dimensions of Choice Framework refined the descriptive comparison of the two policies while the Advocacy Coalition Framework unfolded the efforts and struggles between advocacy coalitions that result in policy changes; and the conceptual combination further provides a cross-disciplinary link between social work and public policy studies. Findings indicated that, compared to child protection policy, older adult protection policy lacked federal legislative and administrative direction, well-developed diagnosis and evaluation tools, a national data system, sufficient federal funds and a comprehensive response mechanism. This was the case because older adult protection advocates presented a more controversial argument regarding the role of government intervention in protecting victims while respecting individual autonomy, lower public and government awareness, and weaker efforts from ally coalitions.