bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Release of ADP from Red Blood Cells
Authors: Rørvik T. O , Holmsen I , Stormorken H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe content of the adenine nucleotides, ADP and ATP, in whole blood from normals, patients with von Willebrand’s disease and diabetics was found to be equal. The hemolysis and AN-release from blood cells by contact with foreign surface were studied by passing blood through glass bead columns. The AN-release induced in this way was shown to be a hemolysis-related phenomenon, AN and hemoglobin were released in the same proportion as they were found within red cells. The hemolysis and AN-release induced in this way were nearly the same in blood from normals, patients with von Willebrand’s disease and diabetics.Thrombin did not induce hemolysis or release of AN from red blood cells, whereas the release of AN from platelets by thrombin was confirmed.
The Activity of Plasma, Serum, Thrombin, and Plasmin toward Synthetic Trypsin Substrates
Authors: Szczeklik E , Orłowski M , Szczeklik A , Narczewska Barbara 
Published: June 2018

SummaryP-toluenesulphonyl-1-arginine methyl ester and two amide substrates of arginine (Nα-benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide and Nα-benzoyl-dl-arginine-2-naphthylamide) were employed for studies of the nature of the “trypsin-like” activity in plasma, serum and euglobulins. No data were obtained which might suggest the presence of trypsin activity in either plasma or serum. The evidence indicates that activity toward both amide substrates in plasma and euglobulins is dependent on the generation of thrombin. Activation of plasminogen in euglobulins by streptokinase generated a proteolytic activity toward Nα-benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide but not toward Nα-benzoyl-dl-arginine-2-naphthylamide. The generation and inactivation of thrombin activity in whole plasma may be conveniently followed by using Nα-benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide as substrate.Purified preparations of thrombin and plasmin were shown to split several synthetic amide substrates of arginine. Significant differences between thrombin and plasmin were found in the rate of reaction with these substrates. Of the amide substrates, Nα-carbobenzoxydiglycyl-l-arginine-2-naphthylamide was split most rapidly by both enzymes. This substrate may be conveniently used for the determination of thrombin and plasmin activity.
Modified Method for the Preparation of Purified Bovine Prothrombin of High Specific Activity
Authors: Malhotra O. P , Carter J. R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA modified method for the isolation and purification of bovine prothrombin is described. The preparations have a very high specific activity, viz. 3,200 ± 200 u/mg of protein, show a single symmetrical peak in the analytical ultracentrifuge and by moving boundary electrophoresis at both pH 6.86 and 8.6. They do not undergo inactivation or dissociation during electrophoresis at high voltage gradient (7.5) at alkaline pH. Disc electrophoresis also shows essentially a single component. For optimal activation, prothrombin requires the presence of factor VII-X complex in addition to factor V.
Effect of Fibrinolysis on Adhesion and Aggregation of Human Platelets
Authors: Cronberg S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryStreptokinase was infused in 7 patients with venous thrombosis. The bleeding time remained unchanged or slightly prolonged and the number of platelets did not decrease. As studied by photometric technique, platelet aggregation after addition of ADP or connective tissue suspension was not consistently changed. Platelet adhesiveness, as tested with Hellem’s whole blood method, was decreased. The platelets showed decreased adhesion and spreading on a glass slide.Addition of streptokinase in vitro to citrated platelet rich plasma in doses of 1,600–7,000 u/ml caused a release reaction after 2–3 min, and the platelets aggregated. Incubation with urokinase impaired adhesion to glass and spreading and slightly diminished aggregation by ADP or connective tissue suspension.Purified split products of D, E or high molecular type in final concentrations of 0.1–2.0 mg/ml did not aggregate platelets or influence aggregation by ADP or connective tissue suspension. A slightly decreased adhesion to glass and spreading occurred only when the doses used were large.The implications of the multifacetted findings are discussed.
Experimental Thrombocytopenia Induced by Busulphan (Myleran) in Rabbits: Extremely Low Platelet Levels and Intact Plasma Clotting System
Authors: Evensen S. A , Jeremic M , Hjort P. F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effects of 2 intraperitoneal injections of the alkylating agent Busulphan (each of 25 mg/kg body weight, 3 days between injections) on the circulating elements of the blood and on the plasma coagulation system in rabbits have been investigated.Platelets fell progressively after a lag-phase of 7 days, reached a mean minimum level of about 3 % of the pre-injection level in 14 days, and then returned slowly towards normal values. Bleeding was an occasional complication and a rare cause of death. Granulocytopenia developed synchronously with the fall in platelets. The plasma clotting factors remained intact.We conclude that this is a useful experimental model for studies on the role of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis.
Différents états moléculaires du facteur II (prothrombine). Leur étude à l’aide de la staphylocoagulase et d’anticorps anti-facteur II
Authors: Prou-Wartelle Odette , Soulier J. P ,   avec l’assistance technique de LILIANE HALLÉ
Published: June 2018

RésuméLe passage du plasma humain décalcifié au travers de filtres d’amiante entraîne une modification de la structure moléculaire du facteur II. Les activités biologiques du facteur II se trouvent dissociées: diminution de l’activité prothrombine et augmentation importante de l’activité prothrombine-coagulase. Ce phénomène est expliqué par une diminution de l’affinité du facteur II envers la prothrombinase physiologique, une augmentation de son affinité envers la staphylocoagulase. Ces modifications des activités biologiques du facteur II vont de pair avec un changement de certaines de ses propriétés physico-chimiques qui se rapprochent de celles de la thrombine (caractères d’adsorption, mobilité électrophorétique).
Immune Reactions of Human Blood Platelets
Authors: Mueller-Eckhardt Ch , Lüscher E. F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effects on washed human blood platelets of heterologous antiplatelet antiserum, antigen-antibody complexes, and aggregated human gammaglobulin have been compared with those of thrombin. The following results were obtained:1. Heat-aggregated gammaglobulin and antigen-antibody complexes affected platelets in much the same way as does thrombin; they caused release of adenine nucleotides, aggregation, and contraction of the formed aggregates. Their effect is not inhibited by the presence of hirudin.2. Anti-platelet antisera (rabbit) gave rise to similar reactions of the platelets, whereby quantitative differences between individual antisera were evident.3. Release of nucleotides by all types of agents tested is a fast process; at 37° C the major part is released during the first minute.4. Whereas Ca++-ions are essential for aggregation and concentration of the aggregates, their presence is not necessary for the release-reaction induced by immune agents or thrombin.5. Calculated on a protein basis, thrombin is twice as efficient as a nucleotide releaser as heat-aggregated gammaglobulin; on a molecular basis, therefore, the gammaglobulin-preparation is more effective.6. Only immune agents capable of activating the complement system exert an influence on platelets; but neither is the addition of complement necessary, nor was it possible to detect complement on or in the platelets. The possibility is discussed that platelets might possess receptors capable of reacting with C’-activating immune agents, and that this represents a type of cellular reaction which is independent of the activation of plasmatic complement.
Wirkungen oligomerer Kationen auf die Blutgerinnung
Authors: Herre Veronika , Frimmer M 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung1. Das Polykation Oligo-N-methyl-morpholiniumpropylenoxid (OMP) hebt die Heparinwirkung auf die Blutgerinnung in vivo und in vitro konzentrationsabhängig auf.2. OMP mit 6 bzw. 10 quartären Untereinheiten (OMP-6 und OMP-10) beeinflußt selbst die Gerinnungszeit. Es verlängert bzw. verkürzt die Gerinnungszeit konzentrationsabhängig (geprüft an der Rekalzifizierungszeit von Humanplasma und der Gerinnungszeit in einem Thrombin-Fibrinogen-System). Intravenös verabreichte Dosen von OMP-10 unter 50 mg/kg Körpergewicht beeinflussen beim Kaninchen die Gerinnungszeit nicht. Tödliche Dosen verlängern die Gerinnungszeit geringfügig.3. Die klinische Anwendung des Polykations ist aus toxikologischen Überlegungen nicht ratsam.4. Der Wirkungsmechanismus des OMP auf die Blutgerinnung wird diskutiert.
On the Nature of Antithrombin V
Authors: Vinazzer H , Reinhardt F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTwo cases of myeloma with a severe bleeding tendency due to the occurrence of antithrombin V could be observed. The following data on this inhibitor were collected:1. The inhibitor activity could be temporarily suppressed by long term treatment with cortisone. The long lag period indicates that a cellular function must be responsible for the production of antithrombin V.2. Various tests confirmed that antithrombin V is a true inhibitor of thrombin and not a polymerization inhibitor.3. The esterase activity of thrombin is not inhibited by antithrombin V.4. The reptilase activity is reduced by antithrombin V.5. Highly concentrated antithrombin V could be extracted from a patient’s bone marrow. This led to the assumption that the bone marrow participates in the production of antithrombin V.6. Sephadex fractionation of the serum revealed that the entire antithrombin V activity moves with the A-fraction.7. On ultrafiltration, the antithrombin activity remained on the diaphragm, indicating that antithrombin V is a true protein and not a split product.
Inhibition by Dipyridamole of Arterial Thrombosis in Rats
Authors: Didisheim Paul 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThrombi in mesenteric arteries of the rat were produced by electric means. The effectiveness of 4 agents – heparin, aspirin, warfarin, and dipyridamole – in modifying arterial thrombosis was examined with this model. Heparin and aspirin had equivocal beneficial effects. Warfarin had a deleterious effect: the duration of complete occlusion was prolonged. In striking contrast, dipyridamole induced a marked shortening in the duration of complete thrombotic occlusion. On reinjection of the drug, occlusion was almost completely suppressed.
Treatment of Thrombosis of the Central Retinal Vein with Streptokinase
Authors: Ottolander G. J. H den , Craandijk A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn a double blind study of 5 heparin treated and 5 streptokinase treated patients with central retinal vein occlusions it would seem from the results based on visual acuity, ERG and EOG and fluorescence angiography that the heparin treated group were better off than the SK treated patients.It therefore seems dubious whether streptokinase therapy affords such an important advantage over the convential heparin therapy in cases of central retinal vein occlusions. It must be stressed that a group of 10 patients is very small and that the observations made are probably not statistically significant.
Endotoxin-Induced Intravascular Clotting: the Need for Granulocytes
Authors: Lerner R. G , Rapaport S. I , Spitzer Jane M. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that granulocytes are needed for intravascular clotting induced by endotoxin. Rabbits were treated with cortisone in a dosage that prepares for clotting after a single injection of endotoxin. They were divided into an experimental group, made granulocytopenic with nitrogen mustard before the injection of endotoxin, and 3 control groups. One control group was injected with saline; a second group was injected with endotoxin; a third group was made hypo coagulable with warfarin before the injection of endotoxin. The controls receiving endotoxin alone exhibited evidence of slow intravascular clotting lasting several hours: excess intravascular disappearance of 131I-fibrinogen and falls in fibrinogen levels, platelet counts, factor V and factor VIII activities. Factor VII and factor XII activities also fell in this group. Fibrin was seen in glomerular capillaries in many animals. The granulocytopenic animals experienced neither excess disappearance of intravascular fibrinogen nor fibrin deposition in the kidneys. Platelet counts fell slowly and clotting factor activities only slightly. Less evidence of intravascular clotting after endotoxin was found in the granulocytopenic animals than in the animals made hypocoagulable with warfarin. These data establish that granulocytes are required for endotoxin to induce significant intravascular clotting in animals prepared with cortisone.
Das Verhalten des Blutgerinnungsfaktors X (Stuart-Prower) aus Plasma und Serum bei der Gelfiltration an Sephadex G 200
Authors: Rasche H , Hiemeyer V , Heller A 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungMenschliches und bovines Plasma und Serum wurde an Sephadex G 200 aufsteigend chromatographiert und in den Fraktionen die Faktor-X-Aktivität bestimmt. Faktor X aus Plasma wurde in allen Fällen schneller aus der Säule eluiert als der gleiche Faktor aus Serum. Aus diesem Befund kann auf eine während der Blutgerinnung aufgetretene Molekülverkleinerung des Proteins geschlossen werden, welches die Faktor-X-Aktivität trägt. Unsere Ergebnisse werden im Rahmen der zu dem Thema vorliegenden Literatur diskutiert.
Cholecystectomy in a Patient with Hageman Trait
Authors: Girolami A , Maffei A , Brunetti A , Lazzarin M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe case of a patient with Hageman trait who underwent cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis is reported. The surgical procedure was uneventful; no abnormal bleeding was noted during and after the operation. The transfusion of 4 cm3/kg b.w. of contacted 3-day old normal plasma corrected completely the coagulation abnormality. The glass and the silicone clotting times were slightly shortened even 64 h after the transfusion. The survival time for the infused factor XII activity resulted to be 41 h. 6 days after the plasma infusion the factor XII level was 1 % of normal. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Inhibition of Thrombin, Plasmin and Plasminogen Activation by Amidino Compounds
Authors: Geratz J. D 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. A series of amidino compounds have been investigated for their inhibitory effect on thrombin, plasmin and the streptokinase dependent activation of plasminogen. Diamidines composed of two amidinophenyl residues linked in para or meta position by a molecular bridge proved to be the strongest inhibitors known so far of the three enzyme systems, and they were much more active than amidines with a single-ring structure.2. Of all the compounds tested, pentamidine was the most effective inhibitor of the hydrolysis of BANA by thrombin and plasmin. The Ki values were 9 × 10-6 M and 3.3 × 10-6 M, respectively. Inhibition was competitive in nature.3. Pentamidine was the leading inhibitor of the fibrinolytic activity of plasmin and was approximately 83 times stronger, on a molar basis, than ε-aminocaproic acid.4. Pentamidine also possessed the greatest inhibitory effect on the streptokinase-mediated activation of human plasminogen. On a molar basis pentamidine was 910 times more active than ε-aminocaproic acid.5. In the thrombin clotting test, some amidines caused inhibition while others brought about an acceleration of the reaction. M & B 4596 was the strongest inhibitor affecting 50% inhibition at a concentration of 5 × 10-6 M. 2.2’-Dibromopropamidine produced the greatest augmentation of thrombin activity, raising it 167% above the control level at a concentration of 2 × 10-4 M.6. The caseinolytic activity of thrombin again was blocked most effectively by M & B 4596. All other amidines also proved inhibitory in this assay system.
A Simple Procedure for Accurate Quantitation of Factor VIII Inhibitors
Authors: Tse Daphne , Fekete L , Shanbrom E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA simple assay for quantitative determination of factor VIII (AHF) inhibitors has been developed. The presence of AHF inhibitor is confirmed by determining clotting time in serial dilutions of patient’s plasma. The amount of inhibitor is then quantitat-ed by adding known units of human AHF concentrate (1 to 100 units/ml) to plasma until neutralization occurs. The neutralization point is defined as that level of AHF concentrate which clots the patient’s plasma in the same time as the control plasma (inhibitor-free) would clot in the presence of 1 unit of AHF concentrate. (This point, minus the initial 1 unit/ml, gives the titer of inhibitor present (units/ml). The dosage of AHF concentrate required to overcome the inhibitor and raise the free circulating AHF to the desired theoretical level is then calculated from the known titer of inhibitor. This method has been evaluated by assays of 75 samples from 22 patients with acquired or induced AHF inhibitors. In vivo plasma AHF activity correlated well with the calculated in vitro values. The assay provides reliable and accurate quantitation of factor VIII inhibitors enabling precise calculation of effective AHF dosage and monitoring of therapeutic response. The assay can be readily adapted to quantitation of other clotting factor inhibitors.
Über die Wirkung von Lipidemulsionen auf Blutplättchen
Authors: Weber E , Pfleiderer Th , Feder U , Morgenstern E 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungBlutplättchen vom Schwein, bei 37° C in Zitratplasma suspendiert, wurden Emulsionen aus Lipiden und fettähnlichen Stoffen zugesetzt. Folgende Substanzen kamen zur Anwendung : Leinöl, Lipofundin, Triolein, Ölsäure, Ölsäuremethylester, Paraffin und Silikonöl. Es wurden die stationären Konzentrationen an ATP und Glykogen sowie der Glukose ver brauch der Platt chen gemessen. Alle genannten Stoffe außer Silikonöl führten zu starken Verlusten an ATP sowie Glykogen und erhöhten den Glukoseverbrauch. Beide Plättchenkomponenten veränderten sich unter dem Einfluß von Leinöl oder Lipofundin gegenüber Kontrollen nicht, wenn die Zellen in EDTA-Plasma suspendiert waren oder wenn dem Zitratplasma EPL oder Albumin zugesetzt worden war. Auch chromatographisch gereinigtes Triolein sowie Leinöl, aus dem die freien Fettsäuren entfernt worden waren, blieben ohne Einfluß auf den ATP- und Glykogenbestand. Adenosin verminderte den Leinöl- und Lipofundineffekt. Der Glukoseverbrauch war unter allen genannten Bedingungen erhöht.
Detection of Fibrinogen Degradation Products by Use of Antibody Coated Latex Particles
Authors: Melliger E. J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA method for rapid determination of fibrinogen split products in human blood basing on agglutination of antibody coated latex particles is described. It’s sensitivity corresponds to that of Ouchterlony plates (17 μg/ml plasma). The result is available within 1 hr after drawing of blood. The method is semiquantitative with a at least as good reproducibility as the haemagglutination inhibition method. The reaction kinetics follow the principle of optimal proportion in a precipitin system.46 healthy people and 36 patients with various diseases were tested with the described method. 3 controls and 12 patients gave positive agglutination reactions that could not be attributed to the presence of split products. The mechanism of these side reactions which could be distinguished from the reactions due to fibrinogen degradation products is discussed. In the plasma of 10 patients split products could be demonstrated by the latex agglutination technic which was also successfully used to control the course of chronic intravascular coagulation in a patient with disseminated cancer of stomach. On account of the obtained results the method can be recommended as a fairly sensitive screening test for rapid bedside detection of fibrinogen degradation products.
Prostaglandins and Platelet Aggregation in Vivo
Authors: Kloeze J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIt was shown previously that prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) inhibits the aggregation of blood platelets in vitro whereas PGF1α does not; in vivo, PGE1 inhibits in rats the action of intravenously injected adenosine diphosphate. Locally administered PGE1 is found in the present experiment to inhibit in rats the formation and growth of platelet thrombi, induced by an electric stimulus in cortical veins. PGF1α appeared to be inactive.The morphology of platelet thrombi induced by an electric stimulus is shown. The probability of a primary role of erythrocytes in the formation of this type of thrombi is discussed.
Reversible Stadien intravaskulärer Gerinnung und ihre Auswirkungen auf Nierenfunktion und Urokinaseausscheidung
Authors: Theiss W , Graeff H , Bleyl U , Immich H , Kuhn W 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungWeiblichen Kaninchen wurde physiologische Kochsalzlösung, Thrombinlösung, Trasylol-Lösung und Trasylol-Thrombin gemeinsam infundiert. Hierbei waren nach Infusion von Thrombin und von Thrombin-Trasylol im Plasma wie in Gewebsschnitten Fibrinmonomere nachweisbar. Eine disseminierte intravaskuläre Gerinnung war bei den Tieren, die Thrombin-Trasylol kombiniert erhielten, deutlicher ausgeprägt als bei den Tieren, die nur Thrombin erhielten. Ein primär polyurisches akutes Nierenversagen war nur bei den Tieren nachweisbar, die Thrombin-Trasylol erhalten hatten. Tiere, die Thrombin erhalten hatten, wiesen gegenüber Kontrollgruppen eine relative Verminderung der Urokinaseausscheidung pro Minute im Urin auf. Die glomerulären Fibrinniederschläge werden während des Versuchszeitraumes von 20 Std. wieder aufgelöst und die beobachteten Veränderungen kehren gegen Versuchsende zu den Ausgangswerten zurück. Darüber hinaus kann im Urin spontan eine Inhibitoraktivität gegenüber Plasmin oder Piasminogenaktivator beobachtet werden, deren Ausscheidung mit steigenden Konzentrationsleistungen der Niere zunimmt. Nach Trasylol-Infusion tritt eine Inhibitoraktivität im Urin häufiger und in stärkerem Ausmaß auf, als dies spontan der Fall ist.Die Annahme erscheint gerechtfertigt, daß reversible Stadien der disseminierten in tra va skulären Gerinnung, deren Quantität und Dauer vermindert ausgeprägt sind, Urokinaseausscheidung und Nierenfunktion vorübergehend beeinträchtigen, wobei die Veränderungen bei Wiederauflösung der Gerinnsel rückläufig sind.
Durch erhöhte Thrombozytenzahl kompensierte Thrombasthenie bei einem Probanden mit Pelger’scher Kernanomalie
Authors: Kuhnke E 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungBei einem Probanden mit Pelger’scher Kernanomalie der Leukozyten wird eine Thrombozytose und eine Thrombasthenie festgestellt. Durch die Verwen dung des von uns für vergleichende Untersuchungen vorgeschlagenen Thrombozytenäquivalenzwertes und des »Retraktionsgrades in % der Norm« kann nachgewiesen werden, daß durch die Vergrößerung der Thrombozytenzahl die Thrombasthenie ausgeglichen wird. Dadurch fällt die Retraktion des Gesamtsystems normal aus.
A Congenital Inhibitor against Factor IX
Authors: STOCKER H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA new congenital hemorrhagic diathesis, which is due to the presence of a circulating inhibitor against factor IX, simulating a hemophilia B, is described. It is demonstrated, that the inhibitor becomes much less efficient when the factor VUI-concentration decreases. A hypothesis is given which should explain the role of factor VIII in the inhibition process.