bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating radioisotope‐based approaches to measure anaerobic methane oxidation rates in lacustrine sediments
Authors: Su Guangyi , Niemann Helge , Steinle Lea , Zopfi Jakob , Lehmann Moritz F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is the dominant sink for methane in anoxic sediments. AOM rate measurements are essential for assessing the efficacy of the benthic methane filter to mitigate the evasion of this potent greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. Incubation techniques with trace amounts of radiolabeled substrate (typically 14CH4) represent the most sensitive approach for methane oxidation rate measurements. Yet, radiotracer application can be performed in different ways, rendering the comparability of AOM rate measurements in field and laboratory investigations problematic. We compared four different 14CH4‐based short‐term incubation approaches to quantify methane turnover rates in lake sediments. Three of the applied methods yielded similar and reliable downcore rate profiles. They provided clear evidence for AOM with maximum rates of 15 nmol cm−3 d−1 at ~ 17 cm sediment depth. Using the short‐term slurry incubation (SL) method, however, we were unable to detect the AOM activity maximum that we observed with the other approaches. We hypothesize that changes in the microbial structure and disruption of physical interactions due to mixing of sediments negatively affected the activity of AOM communities and longer incubation times are necessary to enhance the sensitivity of this approach. Minor variabilities in rate measurement that we found in the non‐SL incubations may be related to small‐scale sediment heterogeneity, differential partial methane loss during sample handling, and/or an uneven application of the radiotracer. Whole‐core incubations interfere the least with the in situ conditions, but the ultimate choice of the AOM rate measurement method will depend on the individual sampling requirements.
Lurasidone‐Induced Tardive Syndrome
Authors: Tripathi Richa , Reich Stephen G. , Scorr Laura , Guardiani Elizabeth , Factor Stewart A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionTardive syndrome (TS) is an often irreversible movement disorder caused by dopamine receptor‐blocking agents (DRBAs). Although TS are well recognized to occur with typical antipsychotics, less well appreciated is that atypical antipsychotics also carry a risk of TS.MethodsCase series.ResultsWe describe 4 patients who developed tardive dystonia, tardive akathisia, and drug‐induced parkinsonism with the use of the atypical antipsychotic, lurasidone, which was U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved in 2013 for use in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.ConclusionMovement disorders are reported as a rare side effect of lurasidone, and, as such, prescribers may perceive a false sense of security regarding this potential complication. Our cases indicate that this relatively new atypical antipsychotic may cause irreversible disabling TS as well as parkinsonism. Caution must be taken when prescribing lurasidone.
A novel mutation in the matrix metallopeptidase 2 coding gene associated with intrafamilial variability of multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis, and arthropathy
Authors: Kröger Liisa , Löppönen Tuija , Ala‐Kokko Leena , Kröger Heikki , Jauhonen Hanna‐Mari , Lehti Kaisa , Jääskeläinen Jarmo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMONA, which stands for a spectrum of Multicentric Osteolysis, subcutaneous Nodulosis, and Athropathia, is an ultra rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) gene. To date only 44 individuals, carrying 22 different mutations have been reported. Here we report on two brothers with identical homozygous MMP2 gene mutations, but with clearly different phenotypes.MethodsGenomic DNA was isolated from the affected brothers and the parents. An iliac crest bone biopsy was taken from the younger patient (index case). The level of matrix metallopeptidase 2 enzyme (MMP2) in serum and synovial fluid of the younger patient was analyzed using gelatin zymography.ResultsThe DNA analysis revealed a homozygous c.1188C>A transversion on exon 8 of the gene. The affected brothers had the same homozygous variant and the parents were heterozygous to this variant. This variant has been reported as a compound heterozygous mutation on one individual resulting in scleroderma like skin thickening. Bone histomorphometry indicated increased trabecular bone remodeling and turnover. The zymography revealed that the level of MMP2 was completely nonmeasurable in the serum and only a minor gelatinolytic protein band of about similar molecular weight as MMP2 was found in the synovial fluid.ConclusionsBoth the age at the onset and the phenotypic severity of the syndrome in these two brothers were different despite identical genotypes. The younger patients had corneal opacities leading to deteriorating visual acuity. For the first time in this disease, opacities were successfully treated with corneal transplantations.
A novel de novo CASZ1 heterozygous frameshift variant causes dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy
Authors: Guo Jun , Li Zheng , Hao Chanjuan , Guo Ruolan , Hu Xuyun , Qian Suyun , Zeng Jiansheng , Gao Hengmiao , Li Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common cardiomyopathy with a common presentation of heart failure. It has been reported that CASZ1 loss‐of‐function mutation contributes to familial DCM and congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD). To date, only two pathogenic variants in CASZ1 have been previously reported worldwide.MethodsTo identify the causative variant in an 11‐month‐old Chinese boy with DCM and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC), trio‐whole‐exome sequencing was performed followed by mutational analysis and Sanger sequencing.ResultsAn unreported de novo heterozygous frameshift variant (c.2443_2459delGTGGGCACCCCCAGCCT, p.Val815Profs*14) in CASZ1 was idenitified in the proband. The frameshift mutation in CASZ1 not only led to DCM but also presented an LVNC phenotype.ConclusionWe have identified a novel CASZ1 variant in a patient with combined DCM and LVNC for the first time, thus broadening the phenotypic spectrum of CASZ1 variants. Furthermore, this study emphasized the usefulness of whole‐exome sequencing for genetic diagnosis of cardiomyopathy.
Evidence of the diffusion time dependence of intravoxel incoherent motion in the brain
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhang Jiangyang 
Published: July 2019

PurposeTo investigate the diffusion time (TD) dependence of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) signals in the brain.MethodsA 3‐compartment IVIM model was proposed to characterize 2 types of microcirculatory flows in addition to tissue water in the brain: flows that cross multiple vascular segments (pseudo‐diffusive) and flows that stay in 1 segment (ballistic) within TD. The model was first evaluated using simulated flow signals. Experimentally, flow‐compensated (FC) pulsed‐gradient spin‐echo (PGSE) and oscillating‐gradient spin‐echo (OGSE) sequences were tested using a flow phantom and then used to examine IVIM signals in the mouse brain with TDranging from ~2.5 ms to 40 ms on an 11.7T scanner.ResultsBy fitting the model to simulated flow signals, we demonstrated the TDdependency of the estimated fraction of pseudo‐diffusive flow and the pseudo‐diffusion coefficient (D*), which were dictated by the characteristic timescale of microcirculatory flow (τ). Flow phantom experiments validated that the OGSE and FC‐PGSE sequences were not susceptible to the change in flow velocity. In vivo mouse brain data showed that both the estimated fraction of pseudo‐diffusive flow and D* increased significantly as TDincreased.ConclusionWe demonstrated that IVIM signals measured in the brain are TD‐dependent, potentially because more microcirculatory flows approach the pseudo‐diffusive limit as TDincreases with respect to τ. Measuring the TDdependency of IVIM signals may provide additional information on microvascular flows in the brain.
Validation of the triple timed up‐and‐go test in Lambert‐Eaton myasthenia
Authors: Raja Shruti M. , Sanders Donald B. , Juel Vern C. , Harati Yadollah , Smith A. Gordon , Pascuzzi Robert , Richman David P. , Wu Angie , Aleš Kathy L. , Jacobus Laura R. , Jacobus David P. , Guptill Jeffrey T. ,   on behalf of the DAPPER Study Team
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere are no validated, practical, and quantitative measures of disease severity in Lambert‐Eaton myasthenia (LEM).MethodsData from the Effectiveness of 3,4‐Diaminopyridine in Lambert‐Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (DAPPER) trial were analyzed to assess triple timed up‐and‐go (3TUG) reproducibility and relationships between 3TUG times and other measures of LEM severity.ResultsThe coverage probability technique showed ≥0.90 probability for an acceptable 3TUG difference of ≤0.2, indicating that it is reproducible in LEM patients. The correlation between 3TUG times and lower extremity function scores was significant in subjects who continued and in those who were withdrawn from 3,4‐diaminopyridine free base. Worsening patient‐reported Weakness Self‐Assessment Scale and Investigator Assessment of Treatment Effect scores corresponded with prolongation of 3TUG times.DiscussionThe 3TUG is reproducible, demonstrates construct validity for assessment of lower extremity function in LEM patients, and correlates with changes in patient and physician assessments. These findings, along with prior reliability studies, indicate 3TUG is a valid measure of disease severity in LEM.
Individualized Human Milk Fortification to Improve the Growth of Hospitalized Preterm Infants
Authors: Quan Meiying , Wang Danhua , Gou Lijuan , Sun Zhixing , Ma Jingran , Zhang Lejia , Wang Chen , Schibler Kurt , Li Zhenghong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman milk (HM) is the first choice for preterm infants, but exclusive HM feeding is inadequate for the growth of very preterm infants. The hypothesis of this trial is that infants fed according to an individualized fortification regimen will have higher protein intake and improved weight gain velocity (WGV).MethodsA prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted. Infants <34 weeks of gestational age were enrolled when enteral feeding volume reached 60 mL/kg/d and were randomly allocated to the individualized fortification (IF) group or the standard fortification group. The IF group was fed using a regimen that featured modifying HM fortifier and supplemental protein powder based on the protein concentration in HM, current body weight of infants, and blood urea nitrogen (fortification level was set as L−1, L0, L1, L2, L3; the amount of HM fortifier and protein powder were determined accordingly).ResultsBetween September 2012 and August 2016, 51 preterm infants completed the study. In the IF group, 62.5% (15/24) of preterm infants were fed with HM fortified to level 1, 29.2% (7/24) to level 2, and 12.5% (3/24) to level 3. The WGV of the third week in the IF group was greater than the standard group (20.8 ± 7.9 vs 14.9 ± 4.5 g/kg/d, P = 0.022).ConclusionAbout two‐thirds of preterm infants needed to adjust the HM fortification to a higher level. The WGV of infants in the IF group was better than that of the standard group in the third week of this study.
Relationship of Consistency in Timing of Exercise Performance and Exercise Levels Among Successful Weight Loss Maintainers
Authors: Schumacher Leah M. , Thomas J. Graham , Raynor Hollie A. , Rhodes Ryan E. , O’Leary Kevin C. , Wing Rena R. , Bond Dale S. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate whether consistency in time of day that moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity physical activity (MVPA) is performed relates to MVPA levels among successful weight loss maintainers in the National Weight Control Registry.MethodsParticipants (n = 375) reporting MVPA on ≥ 2 d/wk completed measures of temporal consistency in physical activity (PA) (> 50% of MVPA sessions per week occurring during the same time window: early/late morning, afternoon, or evening), PA levels, PA automaticity, and consistency in cues underlying PA habit formation (e.g., location).ResultsMost (68.0%) participants reported temporally consistent MVPA. These individuals reported higher MVPA frequency (4.8 ± 1.6 vs. 4.4 ± 1.5 d/wk; P = 0.007) and duration (median [IQR]: 350.0 [200.0‐510.0] vs. 285.0 [140.0‐460.0] min/wk; P = 0.03), and they were more likely to achieve the national MVPA guideline (≥ 150 min/wk) than temporally inconsistent exercisers (86.3% vs. 74.2%, P = 0.004). Among temporally consistent exercisers, 47.8% were early‐morning exercisers; MVPA levels did not differ by time of day of routine MVPA performance (P > 0.05). Greater automaticity and consistency in several cues were related to greater MVPA among all participants.ConclusionsMost participants reported consistent timing of MVPA. Temporal consistency was associated with greater MVPA, regardless of the specific time of day of routine MVPA performance. Consistency in exercise timing and other cues might help explain characteristic high PA levels among successful maintainers.
Depressive symptoms during the first month of chemotherapy and survival in patients with hematological malignancies: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Hasegawa Takaaki , Okuyama Toru , Uchida Megumi , Aiki Sayo , Imai Fuminobu , Nishioka Masahiro , Suzuki Nana , Iida Shinsuke , Komatsu Hirokazu , Kusumoto Shigeru , Ri Masaki , Osaga Satoshi , Akechi Tatsuo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study is to investigate depressive symptoms before and after the initiation of chemotherapy and their impact on overall survival (OS) among patients with hematological malignancies.MethodsWe performed a prospective analysis of consecutive patients with newly diagnosed malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma enrolled between September 2010 and March 2016. We evaluated depression symptoms at two time points: before starting chemotherapy (T1) and 1 month later (T2), using PHQ‐9 and known prognostic factors. We allocated participants with depressive symptoms at T1 and/or T2 to a depression group that was subdivided as follows: new depressive symptoms at T2, (“new‐onset”), remission of depressive symptoms at T2 (“remission”), and persistent depressive symptoms from T1 to T2 (“persistent”). The main outcome, OS, was evaluated using Kaplan‐Meier methods and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling.ResultsOf the 294 eligible participants, we analyzed 255 patients, including 83 with depression. There were 19 participants in the new‐onset, 38 in the remission, and 26 in the persistent depression group. The OS of participants with depression was significantly shorter than that of those without depression (adjusted hazard ratio [AjHR] 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43‐4.12; P < .001). Using the never‐depressive symptoms group as a reference group, AjHRs were as follows: new‐onset, 1.91 (95% CI, 0.77‐4.75; 0.166); remission, 2.98 (95% CI, 1.55‐5.74; 0.001), and persistent, 2.17 (95%CI, 1.01‐4.68; 0.047).ConclusionsAmong patients with mature lymphoid malignancy, the group with depression at baseline had a poorer survival, both in the group that remained depressive and the group that recovered from depressive symptoms.
Comparison of littoral and deep water sampling methods for assessing macroinvertebrate assemblages along the longitudinal profile of a very large river (the Danube River, Europe)
Authors: Szekeres József , Borza Péter , Csányi Béla , Graf Wolfram , Huber Thomas , Leitner Patrick , Milosević Djuradj , Paunović Momír , Pavelescu Claudia , Erős Tibor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe comparatively examined the role of littoral and deep water sampling methods in assessing macroinvertebrate assemblages and in characterizing longitudinal changes in assemblage structure along >2,500‐km–long course of the Danube River, Europe. The effectiveness of detecting taxa corresponded well with an inshore–offshore gradient in sampling (i.e., distance from shore). Nevertheless, each method (i.e., littoral multihabitat sampling, kick and sweep sampling, and deep water dredging) contributed to some degree to overall taxa richness and species composition. Sampling in different depth zones characterized different assemblages, and consequently, inshore–offshore position was at least as important determinant of assemblage structure as longitudinal position of sampling sites in the river. Although we found significant congruency in the spatial variability of assemblages among the sampling methods, the relationships were only moderate. Our study on the large Danube River confirms studies from smaller rivers in other geographic regions that littoral monitoring provides higher taxa richness and more responsive changes to longitudinal gradients than deep water samples. Nevertheless, it also shows that sampling in different depth zones provides supplementary information on assemblage structure. Understanding changes in macroinvertebrate assemblages related to differences in sampling method is crucial to improve the bioassessment and environmental management of large rivers.
Mapping Sustainable Development Goals: A network analysis framework
Authors: Dalampira Evropi‐Sofia , Nastis Stefanos A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe sustainable development goals proposed by the United Nations in 2015 presented a new graphic depicting the s17 goals in a table‐like format. This overlaps with the original Venn diagram of sustainable development developed after 1987. The two graphics are used independently, often raising the question of how they are linked. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the Sustainable Development Goals graphic can be simplified as a concept and framework using the Venn diagram of sustainable development. We employ expert elicitation using a networking analysis framework to provide answers. The resulting diagrams provide an important step towards combining the two graphics into one.
Strain‐Stabilized Ceramic‐Sulfide Electrolytes
Authors: Fitzhugh William , Wu Fan , Ye Luhan , Su Haoqing , Li Xin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCeramic‐sulfide solid electrolytes are a promising material system for enabling solid‐state batteries. However, one challenge that remains is the discrepancy in the reported electrochemical stability. Recent work has suggested that it may be due to the sensitivity of ceramic sulfides to mechanically induced stability. Small changes in ceramic‐sulfide microstructure, for example, have been shown to cause substantial differences in the electrochemical stability. In this work, a rigorous theoretical framework is constructed to enable the simulation of such mechanically induced stability for a generalized constraint mechanism. It is shown that the susceptibility for voltage widening in ceramic sulfides can be significantly influenced by the choice of different decay morphology models. This results in a less intrusive microstructure requirement for improved stability, which stems from the tendency of sulfides to decay via inclusions rather than homogeneously. This predicted decay morphology is experimentally confirmed. Li10GeP2S12 is stabilized by a thin amorphous shell, which prior models predict is too thin for stabilization. The generality of this framework is discussed in light of stabilization methods beyond microstructure, such as on the battery cell level. The relation of our picture to the observed lithium metal formation in ceramic sulfides is also discussed.
Recent Progress on Surface Reconstruction of Earth‐Abundant Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation
Authors: Li Yaoyao , Du Xinchuan , Huang Jianwen , Wu Chunyang , Sun Yinghui , Zou Guifu , Yang Chengtao , Xiong Jie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs one important electrode reaction in electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical cells for renewable energy circulation, oxygen catalysis has attracted considerable research in developing efficient and cost‐effective catalysts. Due to the inevitable formation of oxygenic intermediates on surface sites during the complex reaction steps, the surface structure dynamically evolves toward reaction‐preferred active species. To date, transition metal compounds, here defined as TM‐Xides, where “X” refers to typical nonmetal elements from group IIIA to VIA, including hydroxide as well, are reported as high‐performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. However, more studies observe at least exterior oxidation or amorphization of materials. Thus, whether the TM‐Xides can be defined as OER catalysts deserves further discussion. This Review pays attention to recent progress on the surface reconstruction of TM‐Xide OER electrocatalysts with an emphasis on the identification of the true active species for OER, and aims at disseminating the real contributors of OER performance, especially under long‐duration electrocatalysis.
Characterization of eco‐friendly steel fiber‐reinforced concrete containing waste coconut shell as coarse aggregates and fly ash as partial cement replacement
Authors: Prakash Ramaiah , Thenmozhi Rajagopal , Raman Sudharshan N. , Subramanian Chidambaram 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of steel fiber addition into eco‐concrete made with fly ash, an industrial by product, as partial cement replacement material, and coconut shell, an agricultural waste, as coarse aggregates, on the mechanical properties. Two different mixes were developed, one with coconut shell only as coarse aggregates, and the other with both conventional aggregates and coconut shell as coarse aggregates. The cement content was replaced with class F fly ash at 10% by weight. Steel fibers of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0% by volume of concrete were used. The properties investigated were slump, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The findings indicated that the addition of steel fibers resulted in a reduced slump and slightly increased density in the fresh concrete mixes. Meanwhile, enhancements of up to 39% compressive strength and 17% MOE were also obtained. A substantial improvement in split tensile strength and flexural strength were also observed. Steel fiber addition also significantly reduced the brittleness of concrete containing coconut shell. The outcomes of the experiment revealed that steel fiber addition yielded a positive result on the mechanical properties of coconut shell concrete.
Chronic equine hepacivirus infection in an adult gelding with severe hepatopathy
Authors: Tegtmeyer Birthe , Echelmeyer Julia , Pfankuche Vanessa M. , Puff Christina , Todt Daniel , Fischer Nicole , Durham Andy , Feige Karsten , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Steinmann Eike , Cavalleri Jessika‐M. V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground: Equine hepacivirus (EqHV) in equids represents the closest homologue to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infecting humans. A majority ofHCVinfected patients develop a chronic course of infection leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure. However, in horses mostly transient mild subclinical infections are reported for EqHVto date. Objectives: EqHVcan be involved in chronic liver diseases of horses. Methods: Biochemical parameters in serum samples were measured. Viral load was determined usingqPCR. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of serum was performed. Liver tissue was stained with haematoxylin and eosin and analysed for viralRNAwith fluorescentin situ‐hybridization. Results: The horse showed symptoms of severe hepatopathy and was chronically infected with EqHV. ViralRNAwas detectable in the liver during disease. To rule out other infectious agentsNGSwas performed and showed the highest abundance for EqHV. The identified virus sequence was similar to other circulating equine hepaciviruses. Conclusions: EqHVcan be associated with liver disease in horses. Whether it causes the disease or contributes in a multifactorial manner needs further investigation.