bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Effects of Spacing on Working Memory Training Outcome: A Randomized, Controlled, Multisite Trial in Older Adults
Authors: Jaeggi Susanne M , Buschkuehl Martin , Parlett-Pelleriti Chelsea M , Moon Seung Min , Evans Michelle , Kritzmacher Alexandra , Reuter-Lorenz Patricia A , Shah Priti , Jonides John 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
The majority of the population will experience some cognitive decline with age. Therefore, the development of effective interventions to mitigate age-related decline is critical for older adults’ cognitive functioning and their quality of life.

Methods
In our randomized controlled multisite trial, we target participants’ working memory (WM) skills, and in addition, we focus on the intervention’s optimal scheduling in order to test whether and how the distribution of training sessions might affect task learning, and ultimately, transfer. Healthy older adults completed an intervention targeting either WM or general knowledge twice per day, once per day, or once every-other-day. Before and after the intervention and 3 months after training completion, participants were tested in a variety of cognitive domains, including those representing functioning in everyday life.

Results
In contrast to our hypotheses, spacing seems to affect learning only minimally. We did observe some transfer effects, especially within the targeted cognitive domain (WM and inhibition/interference), which remained stable at the 3-month follow-up.

Discussion
Our findings have practical implications by showing that the variation in training schedule, at least within the range used here, does not seem to be a crucial element for training benefits.
“Who’s Been Putting Socks in My Drawer?” Narrative Case Study of an Elder Role Model
Authors: Kivnick Helen Q , Driessen Molly C , Santavasy Chittaphone , Wardwell Clair , Duncan Davis Linda 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This article presents a narrative-based case study about vital involvement in an elder role model, exploring the dimensions of this man’s current vital involvement and identifying its lifelong expressions that appear, in older adulthood, to have enabled him to become such an exemplar. This case was chosen from a larger study of “Elder Roles Models”, that explores: (i) What about these particular older adults (identified by colleagues, friends, program directors, and service providers) constitutes their “elder role model-hood”; and (ii) How, developmentally, they got to be this way in older adulthood. This case study addresses the first of these questions by identifying five dimensions of vital involvement.

Research Design and Methods
Case study data were collected through five, semi-structured life-history interviews conducted over the 3 months. Interviews (90–120 minutes, each) were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.

Findings
Five dimensions emerged as constituting this man’s vital involvement in older adulthood: (i) enacting personal values and strengths; (ii) person–environment reciprocity; (iii) using environmental supports; (iv) enriching the environment; and (v) experience-based perspective.

Discussion and Implications
Dimensions are contextualized in terms of gerontological and life-cycle research, theory, and practice. A fundamental principle of Erikson’s theory of lifelong psychosocial development, the vital involvement dynamic, is suggested as an “umbrella concept” for integrating disparate gerontological practices, theories, and research, and for conceptualizing older adulthood in the context of the life cycle as a whole.
Communicative Competence: Responding to Residents’ Health Changes in Assisted Living
Authors: Kemp Candace L , Ball Mary M , Jason Kendra , Appel Joy Anna Dillard , Fitzroy Andrea F 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFrail and disabled individuals, including assisted living (AL) residents, are embedded in care convoys composed of dynamic networks of formal and informal care partners. Yet, little is known about how care convoys operate over time, especially when health changes occur. Thus, our aim was to provide an in-depth understanding of care convoy communication during times of residents’ health changes in AL.Research Design and MethodsData for this analysis come from a Grounded Theory study that involved 50 residents and their care convoy members (n = 169) from 8 diverse AL communities followed over 2 years. Researchers conducted formal and informal interviewing, participant observation, and record review.ResultsWe identified “communicative competence” as an explanatory framework in reference to a resident’s or care partner’s ability, knowledge, and action pertaining to communication and health change. Individual and collective competencies were consequential to timely and appropriate care. Communication involved: identifying; assessing significance; informing, consulting or collaborating with others; and responding to the change. Variability in communication process and properties (e.g., pace and timing; sequencing, timing, content, and mode of communication) depended on multiple factors, including the nature of the change and resident, informal and formal caregiver, convoy, AL community, and regulatory influences.Discussion and ImplicationsFormal and informal care partners need support to establish, enhance, and maintain communicative competence in response to health changes. Findings reinforce the need for timely communication, effective systems, and well-documented accessible health care directives and have implications that are applicable to AL and other care settings.
Investigating the seismic structure and visibility of dynamic plume models with seismic array methods
Authors: Stockmann Fabienne , Cobden Laura , Deschamps Frédéric , Fichtner Andreas , Thomas Christine 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYMantle plumes may play a major role in the transport of heat and mass through the Earth, but establishing their existence and structure using seismology has proven challenging and controversial. Previous studies have mainly focused on imaging plumes using waveform modelling and inversion (i.e. tomography). In this study we investigate the potential visibility of mantle plumes using array methods, and in particular whether we can detect seismic scattering from the plumes. By combining geodynamic modelling with mineral physics data we compute ‘seismic’ plumes whose shape and structure correspond to dynamically plausible thermochemical plumes. We use these seismic models to perform a full-waveform simulation, sending seismic waves through the plumes, in order to generate synthetic seismograms. Using velocity spectral analysis and slowness-backazimuth plots, we are unable to detect scattering. However at longer dominant periods (25 s) we see several arrivals from outside the plane of the great circle path, that are consistent with an apparent bending of the wave front around the plume conduit. At shorter periods (15 s), these arrivals are less obvious and less strong, consistent with the expected changes in the waves' behaviour at higher frequencies. We also detect reflections off the iron-rich chemical pile which serves as the plume source in the D″ region, indicating that D″ reflections may not always be due to a phase transformation. We suggest that slowness-backazimuth analysis may be a useful tool to locate mantle plumes in real array data sets. However, it is important to analyse the data at different dominant periods since, depending on the width of the plume, there is probably an optimum frequency band at which the plume is most visible. Our results also show the importance of studying the incoming energy in all directions, so that any apparently out-of-plane arrivals can be correctly interpreted.
Intravenous infusion of iPSC-derived neural precursor cells increases acid β-glucosidase function in the brain and lessens the neuronopathic phenotype in a mouse model of Gaucher disease
Authors: Peng Yanyan , Liou Benjamin , Inskeep Venette , Blackwood Rachel , Mayhew Christopher N , Grabowski Gregory A , Sun Ying 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by GBA1 mutations leading to functional deficiency of acid-β-glucosidase (GCase). No effective treatment is available for neuronopathic GD (nGD). A subclass of neural stem and precursor cells (NPCs) expresses VLA4 (integrin α4β1, very late antigen-4) that facilitates NPC entry into the brain following intravenous (IV) infusion. Here, the therapeutic potential of IV VLA4+NPCs was assessed for nGD using wild-type mouse green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive multipotent induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived VLA4+NPCs. VLA4+NPCs successfully engrafted in the nGD (4L;C*) mouse brain. GFP-positive cells differentiated into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the brainstem, midbrain and thalamus of the transplanted mice and significantly improved sensorimotor function and prolonged life span compared to vehicle-treated 4L;C* mice. VLA4+NPC transplantation significantly decreased levels of CD68 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, as well as TNFα mRNA levels in the brain, indicating reduced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, decreased Fluoro-Jade C and NeuroSilver staining suggested inhibition of neurodegeneration. VLA4+NPC-engrafted 4L;C* midbrains showed 35% increased GCase activity, reduced substrate [glucosylceramide (GC, −34%) and glucosylsphingosine (GS, −11%)] levels and improved mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates in comparison to vehicle-4L;C* mice. VLA4+NPC engraftment in 4L;C* brain also led to enhanced expression of neurotrophic factors that have roles in neuronal survival and the promotion of neurogenesis. This study provides evidence that iPSC-derived NPC transplantation has efficacy in an nGD mouse model and provides proof of concept for autologous NPC therapy in nGD.
Quality of life can be good after slide tracheoplasty for long-segment tracheal stenosis
Authors: Wray Jo , Ryde Matthew , Butler Colin R , Hewitt Richard J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to measure ‘health-related quality of life’ (HRQoL) in children following slide tracheoplasty for long-segment tracheal stenosis (LSTS) and to explore the relationship of comorbidities and parental mental health with HRQoL outcomes.

METHODS
A cross-sectional study was undertaken with children who had undergone slide tracheoplasty. Participants included parents and children (age 5–15 years) recruited over a 13-month period, who were asked to complete validated measures of HRQoL, development and behaviour. Scores were compared to published norms.

RESULTS
Forty-two children (male 69%; n = 29) were included; mean age was 5.3 (standard deviation 3.5) years and mean follow-up was 45 (range 4–179) months. Mean total HRQoL scores for children with repaired LSTS did not differ from those of healthy norms other than for children aged 13–23 months, but 10 children (24%) had scores &gt;2 SD below the mean for healthy children. HRQoL was poorer in children with non-cardiac congenital comorbidities than in those with isolated LSTS (mean scores 60.34 ± 17.19 and 85.52 ± 12.19, respectively, P = 0.01). There was good agreement between children’s and parents’ scores, although children rated their HRQoL as better than their parents did. Anxious parents rated their children’s HRQoL as significantly worse than non-anxious parents (P&lt;0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Older children with isolated LSTS can have excellent HRQoL after surgery. Younger children, at an earlier time point postoperatively, and those with non-cardiac congenital comorbidities have poorer HRQoL. Further longitudinal evaluation is required to identify psycho-social (including parental) predictors of outcome which may inform, or be amenable to, intervention.
A Concordance Analogue of the 4D Light Bulb Theorem
Authors: Miller Maggie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We prove a concordance analogue of Gabai’s $4$D light bulb theorem. That is, we show that when $R$ and $R^{\prime}$ are homotopic, embedded $2$-spheres in a $4$-manifold $X^4,$ where $\pi _1(X^4)$ has no $2$-torsion and one of $R$ or $R^{\prime}$ has a transverse sphere, then $R$ and $R^{\prime}$ are concordant. When $\pi _1(X^4)$ has $2$-torsion, we give a similar statement with extra hypotheses as in the $4$D light bulb theorem. We also give similar statements when $R$ and $R^{\prime}$ are orientable positive-genus surfaces.
Extremal Domains and Pólya-type Inequalities for the Robin Laplacian on Rectangles and Unions of Rectangles
Authors: Freitas Pedro , Kennedy James B 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigate the question of whether the eigenvalues of the Laplacian with Robin boundary conditions can satisfy inequalities of the same type as those in Pólya’s conjecture for the Dirichlet and Neumann Laplacians and, if so, what form these inequalities should take. Motivated in part by Pólya’s original approach and in part by recent analogous works treating the Dirichlet and Neumann Laplacians, we consider rectangles and unions of rectangles and show that for these two families of domains, for any fixed positive value $\alpha$ of the boundary parameter, Pólya-type inequalities do indeed hold, albeit with an exponent smaller than that of the corresponding Weyl asympotics for a fixed domain. We determine the optimal exponents in both cases, showing that they are different in the two situations. Our approach to proving these results includes a characterization of the corresponding extremal domains for the $k^{\textrm{}}$th eigenvalue in regions of the $(k,\alpha )$-plane, which in turn supports recent conjectures on the nature of the extrema among all bounded domains.
Epidemiology of Bacterial Meningitis in the Nine Years Since Meningococcal Serogroup A Conjugate Vaccine Introduction, Niger, 2010–2018
Authors: Sidikou Fati , Potts Caelin C , Zaneidou Maman , Mbaeyi Sarah , Kadadé Goumbi , Paye Marietou F , Ousmane Sani , Issaka Bassira , Chen Alexander , Chang How-Yi , Issifou Djibo , Lingani Clement , Sakande Souleymane , Bienvenu Baruani , Mahamane Ali Elhadji , Diallo Alpha Oumar , Moussa Amadou , Seidou Issaka , Abdou Moussa , Sidiki Ali , Garba Omar , Haladou Sani , Testa Jean , Obama Nse Ricardo , Mainassara Halima Boubacar , Wang Xin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
In 2010, Niger and other meningitis belt countries introduced a meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV). We describe the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in Niger from 2010 to 2018.

Methods
Suspected and confirmed meningitis cases from January 1, 2010 to July 15, 2018 were obtained from national aggregate and laboratory surveillance. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were analyzed by culture and/or polymerase chain reaction. Annual incidence was calculated as cases per 100 000 population. Selected isolates obtained during 2016–2017 were characterized by whole-genome sequencing.

Results
Of the 21 142 suspected cases of meningitis, 5590 were confirmed: Neisseria meningitidis ([Nm] 85%), Streptococcus pneumoniae ([Sp] 13%), and Haemophilus influenzae ([Hi] 2%). No NmA cases occurred after 2011. Annual incidence per 100 000 population was more dynamic for Nm (0.06–7.71) than for Sp (0.18–0.70) and Hi (0.01–0.23). The predominant Nm serogroups varied over time (NmW in 2010–2011, NmC in 2015–2018, and both NmC and NmX in 2017–2018). Meningococcal meningitis incidence was highest in the regions of Niamey, Tillabery, Dosso, Tahoua, and Maradi. The NmW isolates were clonal complex (CC)11, NmX were CC181, and NmC were CC10217.

Conclusions
After MACV introduction, we observed an absence of NmA, the emergence and continuing burden of NmC, and an increase in NmX. Niger’s dynamic Nm serogroup distribution highlights the need for strong surveillance programs to inform vaccine policy.
Efficient Transmission of Mixed Plasmodium falciparum/vivax Infections From Humans to Mosquitoes
Authors: Balasubramanian Sujata , Rahman Rifat S , Lon Chanthap , Parobek Christian , Ubalee Ratawan , Hathaway Nicholas , Kuntawunginn Worachet , My Mok , Vy Dav , Saxe Jeremy , Lanteri Charlotte , Lin Feng-Chang , Spring Michele , Meshnick Steven R , Juliano Jonathan J , Saunders David L , Lin Jessica T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
In Southeast Asia, people are often coinfected with different species of malaria (Plasmodium falciparum [Pf] and Plasmodium vivax [Pv]) as well as with multiple clones of the same species. Whether particular species or clones within mixed infections are more readily transmitted to mosquitoes remains unknown.

Methods
Laboratory-reared Anopheles dirus were fed on blood from 119 Pf-infected Cambodian adults, with 5950 dissected to evaluate for transmitted infection. Among 12 persons who infected mosquitoes, polymerase chain reaction and amplicon deep sequencing were used to track species and clone-specific transmission to mosquitoes.

Results
Seven of 12 persons that infected mosquitoes harbored mixed Pf/Pv infection. Among these 7 persons, all transmitted Pv with 2 transmitting both Pf and Pv, leading to Pf/Pv coinfection in 21% of infected mosquitoes. Up to 4 clones of each species were detected within persons. Shifts in clone frequency were detected during transmission. However, in general, all parasite clones in humans were transmitted to mosquitoes, with individual mosquitoes frequently carrying multiple transmitted clones.

Conclusions
Malaria diversity in human hosts was maintained in the parasite populations recovered from mosquitoes fed on their blood. However, in persons with mixed Pf/Pv malaria, Pv appears to be transmitted more readily, in association with more prevalent patent gametocytemia.
Intervention planning for Antibiotic Review Kit (ARK): a digital and behavioural intervention to safely review and reduce antibiotic prescriptions in acute and general medicine
Authors: Santillo M , Sivyer K , Krusche A , Mowbray F , Jones N , Peto T E A , Walker A S , Llewelyn M J , Yardley L ,   ARK-Hospital, Lee Amy , Sargent Catherine , Butler Chris , Roseveare Chris , Agranoff Daniel , Lockwood Debbie , Lyon Donald , Cross Elizabeth , Darwin Elizabeth , Barlow Gavin , Setchfield Ian , Islam Jasmin , Wright Juliet , Hand Kieran , Vaughan Louella , Wilcox Mark , Wiselka Martin , Sharland Mike , Jones Nicola , Fawcett Nicola , Wade Paul , Martin Dachsel R , Sierra Rachaeol , Bellamy Richard , Pires Sacha , Curtis Sally , Lippett Samantha , Crossland Sue , Hopkins Susan , Garcia-Arias Veronica , Gudka Vikesh , Hamilton Will , Gorton Clifford 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundHospital antimicrobial stewardship strategies, such as ‘Start Smart, Then Focus’ in the UK, balance the need for prompt, effective antibiotic treatment with the need to limit antibiotic overuse using ‘review and revise’. However, only a minority of review decisions are to stop antibiotics. Research suggests that this is due to both behavioural and organizational factors.ObjectivesTo develop and optimize the Antibiotic Review Kit (ARK) intervention. ARK is a complex digital, organizational and behavioural intervention that supports implementation of ‘review and revise’ to help healthcare professionals safely stop unnecessary antibiotics.MethodsA theory-, evidence- and person-based approach was used to develop and optimize ARK and its implementation. This was done through iterative stakeholder consultation and in-depth qualitative research with doctors, nurses and pharmacists in UK hospitals. Barriers to and facilitators of the intervention and its implementation, and ways to address them, were identified and then used to inform the intervention’s development.ResultsA key barrier to stopping antibiotics was reportedly a lack of information about the original prescriber’s rationale for and their degree of certainty about the need for antibiotics. An integral component of ARK was the development and optimization of a Decision Aid and its implementation to increase transparency around initial prescribing decisions.ConclusionsThe key output of this research is a digital and behavioural intervention targeting important barriers to stopping antibiotics at review (see http://bsac-vle.com/ark-the-antibiotic-review-kit/ and http://antibioticreviewkit.org.uk/). ARK will be evaluated in a feasibility study and, if successful, a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial at acute hospitals across the NHS.
Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: updated recommendations from the UK
Authors: Chapman Ann L N , Patel Sanjay , Horner Carolyne , Gilchrist Mark , Seaton R Andrew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOutpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) offers safe, effective and patient-centred care for adults and children. The OPAT UK good practice recommendations for adults and children have recently been updated through a process of literature review, expert consensus and extensive stakeholder consultation. Here we discuss the key changes in the updated recommendations in the context of recent developments, including novel antimicrobial agents and delivery devices, the place of oral antimicrobials as an alternative to intravenous therapy, new OPAT service models and the broader antimicrobial stewardship agenda.
A mobile app identifies momentary psychosocial and contextual factors related to mealtime self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Mulvaney Shelagh A , Vaala Sarah E , Carroll Rachel B , Williams Laura K , Lybarger Cindy K , Schmidt Douglas C , Dietrich Mary S , Laffel Lori M , Hood Korey K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Effective diabetes problem solving requires identification of risk factors for inadequate mealtime self-management. Ecological momentary assessment was used to enhance identification of factors hypothesized to impact self-management. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes participated in a feasibility trial for a mobile app called MyDay. Meals, mealtime insulin, self-monitored blood glucose, and psychosocial and contextual data were obtained for 30 days. Using 1472 assessments, mixed-effects between-subjects analyses showed that social context, location, and mealtime were associated with missed self-monitored blood glucose. Stress, energy, mood, and fatigue were associated with missed insulin. Within-subjects analyses indicated that all factors were associated with both self-management tasks. Intraclass correlations showed within-subjects accounted for the majority of variance. The ecological momentary assessment method provided specific targets for improving self-management problem solving, phenotyping, or integration within just-in-time adaptive interventions.