bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A potential source of atmospheric sulfate from O2−-induced SO2 oxidation by ozone
Authors: Tsona Narcisse Tchinda , Du Lin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. It was formerly demonstrated that O2SOO− forms at collisions
rate in the gas phase as a result of SO2 reaction with
O2-. Here, we present a theoretical investigation of the
chemical fate of O2SOO− by reaction with O3 in the
gas phase, based on ab initio calculations. Two main mechanisms were found
for the title reaction, with fundamentally different products: (i) formation
of a van der Waals complex followed by electron transfer and further
decomposition to O2 + SO2 + O3- and
(ii) formation of a molecular complex from O2 switching by
O3, followed by SO2 oxidation to SO3- within
the complex. Both reactions are exergonic, but separated by relatively low
energy barriers. The products in the former mechanism would likely initiate
other SO2 oxidations as shown in previous studies, whereas the
latter mechanism closes a path wherein SO2 is oxidized to
SO3-. The latter reaction is atmospherically relevant since it
forms the SO3- ion, hereby closing the SO2 oxidation
path initiated by O2-. The main atmospheric fate of
SO3- is nothing but sulfate formation. Exploration of the
reactions kinetics indicates that the path of reaction (ii) is highly
facilitated by humidity. For this path, we found an overall rate constant of
4.0×10-11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K and 50 %
relative humidity. The title reaction provides a new mechanism for sulfate
formation from ion-induced SO2 oxidation in the gas phase and
highlights the importance of including such a mechanism in modeling
sulfate-based aerosol formation rates.
Climate, snow, and soil moisture data set for the Tuolumne and Merced river watersheds, California, USA
Authors: Roche James W. , Rice Robert , Meng Xiande , Cayan Daniel R. , Dettinger Michael D. , Alden Douglas , Patel Sarina C. , Mason Megan A. , Conklin Martha H. , Bales Roger C. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We present hourly climate data to force land surface
process models and assessments over the Merced and Tuolumne watersheds in
the Sierra Nevada, California, for the water year 2010–2014 period. Climate
data (38 stations) include temperature and humidity (23), precipitation
(13), solar radiation (8), and wind speed and direction (8), spanning an
elevation range of 333 to 2987 m. Each data set contains raw data as
obtained from the source (Level 0), data that are serially continuous with
noise and nonphysical points removed (Level 1), and, where possible, data
that are gap filled using linear interpolation or regression with a nearby
station record (Level 2). All stations chosen for this data set were known
or documented to be regularly maintained and components checked and
calibrated during the period. Additional time-series data included are
available snow water equivalent records from automated stations (8) and
manual snow courses (22), as well as distributed snow depth and co-located
soil moisture measurements (2–6) from four locations spanning the
rain–snow transition zone in the center of the domain. Spatial data
layers pertinent to snowpack modeling in this data set are basin polygons
and 100 m resolution rasters of elevation, vegetation type, forest canopy
cover, tree height, transmissivity, and extinction coefficient. All data are
available from online data repositories (https://doi.org/10.6071/M3FH3D).
An improved perspective in the spatial representation of soil moisture: potential added value of SMOS disaggregated 1 km resolution “all weather” product
Authors: Khodayar Samiro , Coll Amparo , Lopez-Baeza Ernesto 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This study uses the synergy of multi-resolution soil moisture (SM) satellite
estimates from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, a dense
network of ground-based SM measurements, and a soil–vegetation–atmosphere
transfer (SVAT) model, SURFEX (externalized surface), module ISBA
(interactions between soil, biosphere and atmosphere), to examine the benefits of
the SMOS level 4 (SMOS-L4) version 3.0, or “all weather” high-resolution soil moisture
disaggregated product (SMOS-L43.0; ∼1 km).
The added value compared to SMOS level 3 (SMOS-L3; ∼25 km) and SMOS level 2 (SMOS-L2; ∼15 km) is investigated. In situ SM observations over the
Valencia anchor station (VAS; SMOS calibration and validation – Cal/Val – site in
Europe) are used for comparison. The SURFEX (ISBA) model is used to simulate
point-scale surface SM (SSM) and, in combination with high-quality
atmospheric information data, namely from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Système d'analyse
fournissant des renseignements atmosphériques à la neige (SAFRAN) meteorological
analysis system, to obtain a representative SSM mapping over the VAS. The
sensitivity to realistic initialization with SMOS-L43.0 is assessed to simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of SSM.
Results demonstrate the following: (a) All SMOS products correctly capture the temporal
patterns, but the spatial patterns are not accurately reproduced by the
coarser resolutions, probably in relation to the contrast with point-scale in
situ measurements. (b) The potential of the SMOS-L43.0 product is pointed
out to adequately characterize SM spatio-temporal variability, reflecting
patterns consistent with intensive point-scale SSM samples on a daily timescale. The restricted temporal availability of this product dictated by the
revisit period of the SMOS satellite compromises the averaged SSM
representation for longer periods than a day. (c) A seasonal analysis points
out improved consistency during December–January–February and
September–October–November, in contrast to significantly worse correlations in
March–April–May (in relation to the growing vegetation) and June–July–August
(in relation to low SSM values < 0.1 m3 m−3
and low spatial
variability). (d) The combined use of the SURFEX (ISBA) SVAT model with the
SAFRAN system, initialized with SMOS-L43.0 1 km disaggregated data, is
proven to be a suitable tool for producing regional SM maps with high
accuracy, which could be used as initial conditions for model simulations, flood
forecasting, crop monitoring and crop development strategies, among others.
Anticlockwise metamorphic pressure–temperature paths and nappe stacking in the Reisa Nappe Complex in the Scandinavian Caledonides, northern Norway: evidence for weakening of lower continental crust before and during continental collision
Authors: Faber Carly , Stünitz Holger , Gasser Deta , Jeřábek Petr , Kraus Katrin , Corfu Fernando , Ravna Erling K. , Konopásek Jiří 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This study investigates the tectonostratigraphy and metamorphic and tectonic
evolution of the Caledonian Reisa Nappe Complex (RNC; from bottom to top:
Vaddas, Kåfjord, and Nordmannvik nappes) in northern Troms, Norway.
Structural data, phase equilibrium modelling, and U-Pb zircon and titanite
geochronology are used to constrain the timing and pressure–temperature
(P–T) conditions of deformation and metamorphism during nappe stacking
that facilitated crustal thickening during continental collision. Five
samples taken from different parts of the RNC reveal an anticlockwise
P–T path attributed to the effects of early Silurian heating (D1)
followed by thrusting (D2). At ca. 439 Ma during D1 the
Nordmannvik Nappe reached the highest metamorphic conditions at
ca. 780 ∘C and ∼9–11 kbar inducing kyanite-grade partial
melting. At the same time the Kåfjord Nappe was at higher, colder, levels
of the crust ca. 600 ∘C, 6–7 kbar and the Vaddas Nappe was
intruded by gabbro at > 650 ∘C and ca. 6–9 kbar. The
subsequent D2 shearing occurred at increasing pressure and decreasing
temperatures ca. 700 ∘C and 9–11 kbar in the partially molten
Nordmannvik Nappe, ca. 600 ∘C and 9–10 kbar in the Kåfjord
Nappe, and ca. 640 ∘C and 12–13 kbar in the Vaddas Nappe.
Multistage titanite growth in the Nordmannvik Nappe records this evolution
through D1 and D2 between ca. 440 and 427 Ma, while titanite
growth along the lower RNC boundary records D2 shearing at 432±6 Ma. It emerges that early Silurian heating (ca. 440 Ma) probably
resulted from large-scale magma underplating and initiated partial melting
that weakened the lower crust, which facilitated dismembering of the crust
into individual thrust slices (nappe units). This tectonic style contrasts
with subduction of mechanically strong continental crust to great depths as
seen in, for example, the Western Gneiss Region further south.
Implications of Policy and Legal Frameworks on Higher Education in Zambia
Authors: Kazonga Eustarckio 
Published: January 2019

Policy and legal frameworks are enablers for the delivery of appropriate higher education (HE) in a country. Zambia is currently implementing reforms in the HE sub-sector within the context of the policy and legal frameworks. These frameworks have implications on the provision of HE. The objectives of the paper are to: identify the policy and legal frameworks for the HE sub-sector; and determine the implications of these frameworks on HE. A document analysis method was used for the study in order to determine the relevant policy and legal frameworks on HE. In particular, the analysis used qualitative data purposively collected from the following documents: (1) Educating Our Future: National Policy on Education of 1996; (2) Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training Policy of 1996; (3) Higher Education Act No. 4 of 2013 and Zambia Qualifications Authority Act No. 13 of 2011; (5) Higher Education Loans and Scholarships Act No. 31 of 2016; (6) Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training (TEVET) Act No. 13 of 1998 as amended by the TEVET Act No. 11 of 2005; and (7) selected Government Gazette notices. The study findings are that the higher education policy and legal frameworks implications are liberalization, quality assurance, appropriate responses to the national needs, flexibility in training programs, financing, partnerships, accountability, and relevance of training programs offered. The paper concludes that there are multiple policy and legal frameworks implications on HE in Zambia but key among these are registration and accreditation of learning programs, and development of quality assurance systems to address the multitude of the twenty-first century challenges and demands of excellence in HE.
Strategisch procederen in het milieurecht: bestuursrechter en civiele rechter
Authors: van der Veen G.A. (Gerrit) 
Published: January 2019

Strategisch procederen in het milieurecht: bestuursrechter en civiele rechter
Dit artikel gaat nader in op het strategisch procederen in het milieurecht en begint met een korte terreinverkenning. Aan de orde komt welke mogelijkheden al bestonden om vraagstukken aan de rechter voor te leggen en wat nu daadwerkelijk nieuw is. Vervolgens wordt bezien welke beperkte mogelijkheden de bestuursrechter heeft om zich over grote maatschappelijke vragen te uiten, en hoe de burgerlijke rechter met grote maatschappelijke vragen recent is omgegaan. Daarbij komen twee aandachtspunten van civiele procedures aan de orde. Deze leiden tot de conclusie dat het nog maar de vraag is of bereikte successen beklijven.
De bakens verzet (!?)
Authors: Bauw E. (Eddy) 
Published: January 2019

De bakens verzet (!?). De civiele rechter in milieuzaken tegen de overheid
Dit artikel bevat een reflectie op de stand van zaken waar het gaat om de behartiging van het milieubelang door middel van het privaatrecht. Een dergelijke reflectie begint in het verleden: hoe zijn wij gekomen waar wij nu zijn? En strekt zich uit naar de toekomst: welke ontwikkeling is te verwachten en wat is wenselijk? In deze bijdrage staan deze vragen centraal.
Het Nederlandse stelsel van rechtsbescherming tegen plannen en programma’s getoetst
Authors: Plambeck E.J.H. (Ernst) 
Published: January 2019

Het Nederlandse stelsel van rechtsbescherming tegen plannen en programma’s getoetst. Over het belang van het Verdrag van Aarhus en het Unierecht
In deze bijdrage, die een weerslag biedt van de door Lorenzo Squintani gehouden presentatie tijdens de VMR-bijeenkomst op 31 mei 2018, staat de vraag centraal welke eisen het internationaal en Unierecht stellen aan rechtsbescherming tegen plannen en programma’s in het omgevingsrecht, en in hoeverre Nederland daaraan voldoet. Ter beantwoording van deze vraag wordt eerst het Verdrag van Aarhus en de implementatie daarvan in het Unierecht bekeken, waarbij ook de reikwijdte van het begrip ‘plannen en programma’s’ in het EU-milieurecht wordt geschetst. Daarna wordt ingegaan op de toetsing overeenkomstig het Unierecht en de (on)mogelijkheid van exceptieve toetsing. Dit wordt gevolgd door een analyse van het Nederlandse rechtssysteem, waarna geconcludeerd wordt dat dit rechtssysteem op onderdelen tekort lijkt te schieten, gelet op het internationaal en Unierecht.
Innovation and Value Creation in Local Media
Authors: Morlandstø Lisbeth 
Published: January 2019

Almost everything written on innovation in public media is about large, national or international media companies. Research on innovation in local media is rather underexposed, which is something that this article aims to remedy. Qualitative findings from four different case studies of local media innovation are investigated using a meta-ethnographic approach. The purpose of meta-ethnography is to synthesize research findings on a specific topic across different qualitative studies. By identifying concepts, metaphors and themes that are translated and compared across cases, the aim is to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the topic under investigation than what individual studies may allow for. The research question asked in this particular meta-ethnography is: What characterises innovations in local newspapers? Synthesized findings show that innovations in local newspapers are often complex, comprising several local alliances and multiple objectives, often pursuing different values at the same time. This is probably due to their many and close relationships to the communities they serve, which simultaneously challenge the possibility of being a professional and independent media actor.
Playability as Realism
Authors: Garthoff Jon 
Published: January 2019

In this essay I discuss how realism operates to constrain games, especially role-playing games, that take place in a fantasy milieu. The design of these games involves tradeoffs between two values, which are sometimes labeled “realism” and “playability”. These values are ordinarily understood to be wholly independent and competing. Using resources drawn from John Rawls's conception of political theory as a search for a “realistic utopia”, I show how these values can instead be understood as aspects of the more general value of creating and conceiving a realistic fantasy through the medium of game play. I also explain how realism operates differently as a constraint on tabletop role-playing games from how it operates in realistic video games and live-action role-playing.
Evaluation of the MC-Media PadTM Yeast and Mold Device for the Enumeration of Yeast and Mold: Collaborative Study, First Action 2018.02
Authors: Bird Patrick , Bastin Benjamin , Brooks Dane , Crowley Erin , Agin James , Goins David , Lindhardt Charlotte , Chollet Renaud ,   Collaborators:, Abbott C , Casimir J , Castro D , Clark D , Connelley D , Goseland J , Greve J , Gutierrez G , Hariram U , Hirsch J , Kieliszewski K , Legan D , Liddenmuth M , Machado E , Martin K , Meibers H , McDonough M , McMahon W , Miller J , Moss C , Oldford K , Pickett J , Robinson B , Thompson L , Wheeler S 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: The MC-Media Pad™ Yeast and Mold (YM) is a ready-to use culture device that combines a test pad coated with medium and water-absorption polymers that is designed for the rapid quantification of yeast and mold in food products. Objective: The MC-Media Pad YM was compared with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) for the enumeration of yeast and mold in frozen orange juice concentrate. Methods: The candidate method was evaluated using a paired study design in a multilaboratory collaborative study following the current AOAC Validation Guidelines. Three target contamination levels (low, 10–100 CFU/g; medium, 100–1000 CFU/g; and high 1000–10 000 CFU/g) and an uninoculated control level (0 CFU/g) were evaluated. MC-Media Pad YM devices were enumerated after 48 and 72 h of incubation. Results: Plate count obtained by both methods were log-transformed and the difference of means (including 95% confidence intervals), repeatability SD, and SD were determined for each contamination level. Conclusions: No statistical difference was observed between the MC-Media Pad YM (for both 48 and 72 h) and the FDA BAM for each contamination level. Highlights: The new method offers a convenient alternative to the reference method (FDA BAM) for detection of yeast and mold contamination in food products, yielding reliable and comparable results in 48 h compared to 5 days for the reference method.
Effect of the natural antioxidant eugenol on quality preservation of commercial biodiesels produced with soybean oil or waste frying oil during storage at different temperatures
Authors: Souza Eliane Ferreira de , Ramos Talita Cuenca Pina Moreira , Santos Mikaelly Nayara , Ferraz Juliana Rodrigues , Silva Margarete Soares da , Batistote Margareth , Fiorucci Antonio Rogério 
Published: January 2019

The objetive of this study was to evaluate the eugenol antioxidant efficiency on the oxidation stability of commercial biodiesel synthesized from soybean oil (SB) and wast fring oil (ORB) by determining induction period (IP) and acid number (AN) during storage at 10 °C or in accelerated oxidation test at 85 °C. For the oxidation stability evaluation, the Rancimat method (EN 14112) and AN (ASTM D664) analyses were used. The initial studies showed that the antioxidants eugenol and TBHQ when added separately increased IP values for the two types of biodiesel analyzed. During the storage at 10 °C, the IP was reduced for all samples. However, the lowest reduction percentages were for samples containing eugenol (-2.07 and -11.30% for SB and ORB, respectively). In relation to AN, the samples with the antioxidant eugenol led a greater decrease of this index, with the 10000 mg kg-1 concentration being the most efficient in the conservation of biodiesel. In the accelerated oxidation test in oven at 85 °C, pure BS presented higher susceptibility to degradation than the sample containing 10000 mg kg-1 of eugenol. In both storage studies, the eugenol natural antioxidant efficiency in the control of oxidative degradation of biodiesel becomes evident.
Distributed Supervised Sentiment Analysis of Tweets: Integrating Machine Learning and Streaming Analytics for Big Data Challenges in Communication and Audience Research
Authors: Arcila Calderón Carlos , Ortega Mohedano Félix , Álvarez Mateo , Vicente Mariño Miguel 
Published: January 2019

The large-scale analysis of tweets in real-time using supervised sentiment analysis depicts a unique opportunity for communication and audience research. Bringing together machine learning and streaming analytics approaches in a distributed environment might help scholars to obtain valuable data from Twitter in order to immediately classify messages depending on the context with no restrictions of time or storage, empowering cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental designs with new inputs. Even when communication and audience researchers begin to use computational methods, most of them remain unfamiliar with distributed technologies to face big data challenges. This paper describes the implementation of parallelized machine learning methods in Apache Spark to predict sentiments in real-time tweets and explains how this process can be scaled up using academic or commercial distributed computing when personal computers do not support computations and storage. We discuss the limitation of these methods and their implications in communication, audience and media studies.El análisis a gran escala de tweets en tiempo real utilizando el análisis de sentimiento supervisado representa una oportunidad única para la investigación de comunicación y audiencias. El poner juntos los enfoques de aprendizaje automático y de analítica en tiempo real en un entorno distribuido puede ayudar a los investigadores a obtener datos valiosos de Twitter con el fin de clasificar de forma inmediata mensajes en función de su contexto, sin restricciones de tiempo o almacenamiento, mejorando los diseños transversales, longitudinales y experimentales con nuevas fuentes de datos. A pesar de que los investigadores de comunicación y audiencias ya han comenzado a utilizar los métodos computacionales en sus rutinas, la mayoría desconocen el uso de las tecnologías de computo distribuido para afrontar retos de dimensión big data. Este artículo describe la implementación de métodos de aprendizaje automático paralelizados en Apache Spark para predecir sentimientos de tweets en tiempo real y explica cómo este proceso puede ser escalado usando computación distribuida tanto comercial como académica, cuando los ordenadores personales son insuficientes para almacenar y analizar los datos. Se discuten las limitaciones de estos métodos y sus implicaciones en los estudios de medios, comunicación y audiencias.
La destrucción de la modernidad republicana. (Sin)razones del exilio pedagógico español
Authors: Fernandez Soria Juan Manuel 
Published: January 2019

Este texto expone los motivos que empujaron al exilio —exterior e interior— a millares de maestros, inspectores, profesores y científicos españoles, prestando especial atención al llamado «exilio pedagógico». Los docentes e investigadores afines a la República se sintieron condenados y amenazados por los insurgentes por aunar una triple identidad: la de republicanos (el enemigo absoluto, «encarnación del mal»), la de intelectuales (extranjerizantes y «envenenadores del alma popular»), y la de maestros («traidores a la patria», laicos y propagadores del credo republicano). A esta triple identidad, motivo —sinrazón— de exilio, se añaden dos causas —sinrazones— más de enorme importancia en la decisión de abandonar su tierra, su casa y su patria: el compromiso con la modernización de España —lo auténticamente sustancial para la mecánica represiva franquista— y la imposibilidad de formar parte de la pedagogía de la nueva España, que se fija como objetivo desmantelar la educación republicana y construir otra nueva fundamentada en los denominados «antitópicos» de la educación franquista que se expresa en la segunda parte del binomio (pública/privada; universal/de selectos; laica/católica; pacifista/combatiente; del placer/del sacrificio; de la espontaneidad/disciplinaria, etc.). El resultado del exilio y de la sustitución de un pensamiento filosófico y pedagógico por otro «nuevo» es conocido: la destrucción de la moderna pedagogía española.
Chinese Urbanism
Authors: He Shenjing 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This entry attempts to understand Chinese urbanism by examining the particular ways of being and becoming urban in the latest episode of China's history. Three keywords run through contemporary Chinese urbanism: transition, mobility, and fragmentation. In post‐reform China, there has been a transition from a centrally planned self‐sufficient agrarian economy to a marketized, globalized urban society. Meanwhile, increased sociospatial inequality and the layered urban patchwork from different historical periods have created a fragmented yet connected urban fabric. Chinese urbanism can be understood more holistically and realistically through a critical analysis of how the state, market, and society interact in a rapidly changing global and local context.