bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleoclimate record for Lake Coyote, California, and the Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial paleohydrology (25 to 14 cal ka) of the Mojave River
Authors: Miller David M. , Dudash Stephanie L. , McGeehin John P. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Lake Coyote, California, which formed in one of five basins along the Mojave River, acted both as a part of the Lake Manix basin and, after the formation of Afton Canyon and draining of Lake Manix ca. 24.5 calibrated (cal) ka, a side basin that was filled episodically for the next 10,000 yr. As such, its record of lake level is an important counterpart to the record of the other terminal basin, Lake Mojave, following the draining of Lake Manix. We studied lake and fluvial deposits and their geomorphology and identified five principal periods of recurring lakes in the Coyote basin by dating mollusks. Several of these periods in detail consist of multiple lake-rise pulses, for which we identified specific fluvial deposits that represent the Mojave River entering the basin. The pulsed record of rapid lake rise and decline is interpreted as switching of the Mojave River between Lake Coyote and Lake Mojave. A composite lake record for both basins shows nearly continuous lake maintenance by the Mojave River from 24.5 cal ka to ca. 14 cal ka. One potential gap in the lake record, ca. 22.7–21.8 cal ka, may indicate either temporary river routing to yet another basin or a dry climatic period. The Mojave River discharge was sufficient to maintain at least one terminal lake throughout most of the Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial periods, indicating that paleoclimate was moist and/or cool well into the Bølling-Allerød and that the lake records may not be sensitive to variations from moderate to high discharge. Nuances of lake-level changes in both the Coyote and Mojave basins are difficult to interpret as paleoclimatic events because the current chronologic control on lake levels from nearshore deposits does not provide the necessary precision.
Mojave River avulsion leading to flow to Coyote basin may have been influenced by rupture on a dextral-oblique fault. Earliest post–Lake Manix stream deposits of the Mojave River leading to the Coyote basin are faulted, and most subsequent streams were confined to the downthrown fault block. This fault rupture and possible enhanced river routes to Lake Coyote, rather than Lake Mojave, are bracketed by dated beach deposits to the period ca. 20–19 cal ka. Later, headward erosion through the fluvial plain by the Mojave River eliminated flow to Coyote basin after ca. 14 cal ka and completed incision of the plain after ca. 12 cal ka.
Anti-diabetic agents for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with pre-diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Wang Xianzhe , Liu Jiabin , Huang Lijin , Zeng Hai , He Guoxin , Chen Ling , Ma Rui , Fu Wenbin , Ning Baile 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a substantial health problem worldwide. Pre-diabetic state is associated with increased risk for the development of diabetes. There are various pharmacological therapies with glucose-lowering activity for diabetes prevention. Of those, most are being compared with placebo instead of active agents. The relative effects and safety of different glucose-lowering drugs still remain uncertain. To address this gap, we will conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate comparative efficacy and safety of glucose-lowering agents for T2DM prevention in patients with pre-diabetes.Methods and analysisPubMed, the Cochrane library and Embase will be searched from inception to December 2019 for relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined anti-diabetic drugs for diabetes prevention in patients with pre-diabetes. Two reviewers working independently will screen titles, abstracts and full papers. Data extraction will also be completed by two independent authors. The primary outcome will be the incidence of T2DM in patients with pre-diabetes at baseline. Secondary outcomes will include the achievement of normoglycaemia, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and hypoglycaemic event. Pairwise meta-analysis and NMA will be conducted for each outcome using a frequentist random-effects model. Additionally, subgroup analyses will also be performed. The comparison-adjusted funnel plot will be used to assess publication bias. The overall quality of evidence will be rated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Data analysis will be conducted using Stata V.14.0.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. We plan to submit the results of this study to a peer-review journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019119157.
Questionnaire validation practice: a protocol for a systematic descriptive literature review of health literacy assessments
Authors: Hawkins Melanie , Elsworth Gerald R , Osborne Richard H 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionContemporary validity testing theory holds that validity lies in the extent to which a proposed interpretation and use of test scores is justified, the evidence for which is dependent on both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Despite this, we hypothesise that development and validation studies for assessments in the field of health primarily report a limited range of statistical properties, and that a systematic theoretical framework for validity testing is rarely applied. Using health literacy assessments as an exemplar, this paper outlines a protocol for a systematic descriptive literature review about types of validity evidence being reported and if the evidence is reported within a theoretical framework.Methods and analysisA systematic descriptive literature review of qualitative and quantitative research will be used to investigate the scope of validation practice in the rapidly growing field of health literacy assessment. This review method employs a frequency analysis to reveal potentially interpretable patterns of phenomena in a research area; in this study, patterns in types of validity evidence reported, as assessed against the criteria of the 2014Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, and in the number of studies using a theoretical validity testing framework. The search process will be consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Outcomes of the review will describe patterns in reported validity evidence, methods used to generate the evidence and theoretical frameworks underpinning validation practice and claims. This review will inform a theoretical basis for future development and validity testing of health assessments in general.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this systematic review because only published research will be examined. Dissemination of the review findings will be through publication in a peer-reviewed journal, at conference presentations and in the lead author’s doctoral thesis.
Health outcomes, utility and costs of returning incidental results from genomic sequencing in a Canadian cancer population: protocol for a mixed-methods randomised controlled trial
Authors: Shickh Salma , Clausen Marc , Mighton Chloe , Gutierrez Salazar Mariana , Zakoor Kathleen-Rose , Kodida Rita , Reble Emma , Elser Christine , Eisen Andrea , Panchal Seema , Aronson Melyssa , Graham Tracy , Armel Susan Randall , Morel Chantal F , Fattouh Ramzi , Glogowski Emily , Schrader Kasmintan A , Hamilton Jada G , Offit Kenneth , Robson Mark , Carroll June C , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Kim Raymond H , Lerner-Ellis Jordan , Thorpe Kevin E , Laupacis Andreas , Bombard Yvonne 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionGenomic sequencing has rapidly transitioned into clinical practice, improving diagnosis and treatment options for patients with hereditary disorders. However, large-scale implementation of genomic sequencing faces challenges, especially with regard to the return of incidental results, which refer to genetic variants uncovered during testing that are unrelated to the primary disease under investigation, but of potential clinical significance. High-quality evidence evaluating health outcomes and costs of receiving incidental results is critical for the adoption of genomic sequencing into clinical care and to understand the unintended consequences of adoption of genomic sequencing. We aim to evaluate the health outcomes and costs of receiving incidental results for patients undergoing genomic sequencing.Methods and analysisWe will compare health outcomes and costs of receiving, versus not receiving, incidental results for adult patients with cancer undergoing genomic sequencing in a mixed-methods randomised controlled trial. Two hundred and sixty patients who have previously undergone first or second-tier genetic testing for cancer and received uninformative results will be recruited from familial cancer clinics in Toronto, Ontario. Participants in both arms will receive cancer-related results. Participants in the intervention arm have the option to receive incidental results. Our primary outcome is psychological distress at 2 weeks following return of results. Secondary outcomes include behavioural consequences, clinical and personal utility assessed over the 12 months after results are returned and health service use and costs at 12 months and 5 years. A subset of participants and providers will complete qualitative interviews about utility of incidental results.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by Clinical Trials Ontario Streamlined Research Ethics Review System that provides ethical review and oversight for multiple sites participating in the same clinical trial in Ontario.Results from the trial will be shared through stakeholder workshops, national and international conferences, and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03597165.
The effects of chromium and vitamin D3 co-supplementation on insulin resistance and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Imanparast Fatemeh , Javaheri Javad , Kamankesh Fatemeh , Rafiei Fatemeh , Salehi Ashraf , Mollaaliakbari Zeinab , Rezaei Fatemeh , Rahimi Abbas , Abbasi Elnaz 
Published: October 2019

The current study was conducted to assess the effects of simultaneous usage with vitamin D3 and chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementations on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ninety-two patients with T2DM were randomly allocated to the following 4 groups for 4 months: (I) placebo of vitamin D3 (n = 23); (II) vitamin D3 supplement at a dose of 50 000 IU/week (n = 23); (III) CrPic supplement at a dose of 500 μg/day (n = 23); and (IV) both vitamin D3 at a dose of 50 000 IU/week and CrPic at a dose of 500 μg/day (n = 23). HOMA-IR levels increased significantly in groups I and II after the intervention. However, this increase in group I was significantly higher than that in group II after the treatment. HOMA-IR levels were controlled in groups III and IV during the intervention. TNF-α decreased significantly in groups II, III, and IV after the intervention. FBS, HbA1c, and lipid profile did not change significantly in total groups after the intervention. It seems that chromium and vitamin D3 co-supplementation are probably effective in controlling HOMA-IR by decreasing TNF-α in T2DM. Novelty Chromium alone and/or in simultaneous pretreatment with vitamin D3 is more effective than vitamin D3 in controlling HOMA-IR in T2DM. Chromium and vitamin D3 alone and/or in simultaneous pretreatment decrease TNF-α in T2DM.
Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis Versus Standard Anticoagulation in Patients With Proximal Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Magnuson Elizabeth A. , Chinnakondepalli Khaja , Vilain Katherine , Kearon Clive , Julian Jim A. , Kahn Susan R. , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Jaff Michael R. , Kindzelski Andrei L. , Herman Kevin , Brady Paul S. , Sharma Karun , Black Carl M. , Vedantham Suresh , Cohen David J. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
In patients with acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis (PCDT) in conjunction with anticoagulation therapy is increasingly used with the goal of preventing postthrombotic syndrome. Long-term costs and cost-effectiveness of these 2 treatment strategies from the perspective of the US healthcare system have not been compared.

Methods and Results:
Between 2009 and 2014, the ATTRACT trial (Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal With Adjunctive Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis) randomized 692 patients with acute proximal DVT to PCDT plus anticoagulation (n=337) or standard treatment with anticoagulation alone (n=355). Costs (2017 US dollars) were assessed over a 24-month follow-up period using a combination of resource-based costing, hospital bills, Medicare reimbursement rates, and the Drug Topics Red Book. Health state utilities were obtained from the Short Form-36. In-trial results and US life tables were used to develop a Markov cohort model to evaluate lifetime cost-effectiveness. For the PCDT group, mean costs of the initial procedure were $13 600; per-patient costs associated with the index hospitalization were $21 509 for PCDT and $3877 for standard care (difference=$17 632; 95% CI, $16 117–$19 243). The 24-month difference in costs was $20 045 (95% CI, $16 093–$24 120). Utility scores increased significantly between baseline and 6 months for both groups, with no significant differences between groups at any follow-up time point. Projected differences in lifetime costs of $16 740 and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of 0.08, yield an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for PCDT of $222 041/QALY gained. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the probability that PCDT would achieve a lifetime incremental cost-effectiveness ratio <$50 000/QALY or <$150 000/QALY was 1% and 25%, respectively. For iliofemoral DVT, QALY gains with PCDT were greater, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $137 526/QALY; for femoral-popliteal DVT, standard therapy was an economically dominant strategy.

Conclusions:
With an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio >$200 000/QALY gained, PCDT is not an economically attractive treatment for proximal DVT. PCDT may be of intermediate value in patients with iliofemoral DVT.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00790335.
Improving Multisensor Precipitation Estimation via Adaptive Conditional Bias–Penalized Merging of Rain Gauge Data and Remotely Sensed Quantitative Precipitation Estimates
Authors: Jozaghi Ali , Nabatian Mohammad , Noh Seongjin , Seo Dong-Jun , Tang Lin , Zhang Jian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describe and evaluate adaptive conditional bias–penalized cokriging (CBPCK) for improved multisensor precipitation estimation using rain gauge data and remotely sensed quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE). The remotely sensed QPEs used are radar-only and radar–satellite-fused estimates. For comparative evaluation, true validation is carried out over the continental United States (CONUS) for 13–30 September 2015 and 7–9 October 2016. The hourly gauge data, radar-only QPE, and satellite QPE used are from the Hydrometeorological Automated Data System, Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor System, and Self-Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR), respectively. For radar–satellite fusion, conditional bias–penalized Fisher estimation is used. The reference merging technique compared is ordinary cokriging (OCK) used in the National Weather Service Multisensor Precipitation Estimator. It is shown that, beyond the reduction due to mean field bias (MFB) correction, both OCK and adaptive CBPCK additionally reduce the unconditional root-mean-square error (RMSE) of radar-only QPE by 9%–16% over the CONUS for the two periods, and that adaptive CBPCK is superior to OCK for estimation of hourly amounts exceeding 1 mm. When fused with the MFB-corrected radar QPE, the MFB-corrected SCaMPR QPE for September 2015 reduces the unconditional RMSE of the MFB-corrected radar by 4% and 6% over the entire and western half of the CONUS, respectively, but is inferior to the MFB-corrected radar for estimation of hourly amounts exceeding 7 mm. Adaptive CBPCK should hence be favored over OCK for estimation of significant amounts of precipitation despite larger computational cost, and the SCaMPR QPE should be used selectively in multisensor QPE.
Wind–Wave Misalignment Effects on Langmuir Turbulence in Tropical Cyclone Conditions
Authors: Wang Dong , Kukulka Tobias , Reichl Brandon G. , Hara Tetsu , Ginis Isaac 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study utilizes a large-eddy simulation (LES) approach to systematically assess the directional variability of wave-driven Langmuir turbulence (LT) in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) under tropical cyclones (TCs). The Stokes drift vector, which drives LT through the Craik–Leibovich vortex force, is obtained through spectral wave simulations. LT’s direction is identified by horizontally elongated turbulent structures and objectively determined from horizontal autocorrelations of vertical velocities. In spite of a TC’s complex forcing with great wind and wave misalignments, this study finds that LT is approximately aligned with the wind. This is because the Reynolds stress and the depth-averaged Lagrangian shear (Eulerian plus Stokes drift shear) that are key in determining the LT intensity (determined by normalized depth-averaged vertical velocity variances) and direction are also approximately aligned with the wind relatively close to the surface. A scaling analysis of the momentum budget suggests that the Reynolds stress is approximately constant over a near-surface layer with predominant production of turbulent kinetic energy by Stokes drift shear, which is confirmed from the LES results. In this layer, Stokes drift shear, which dominates the Lagrangian shear, is aligned with the wind because of relatively short, wind-driven waves. On the contrary, Stokes drift exhibits considerable amount of misalignments with the wind. This wind–wave misalignment reduces LT intensity, consistent with a simple turbulent kinetic energy model. Our analysis shows that both the Reynolds stress and LT are aligned with the wind for different reasons: the former is dictated by the momentum budget, while the latter is controlled by wind-forced waves.
The Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Mastitis
Authors: Rimoldi Sara Giordana , Pileri Paola , Mazzocco Martina Ilaria , Romeri Francesca , Bestetti Giovanna , Calvagna Nunziata , Tonielli Claudia , Fiori Lorenza , Gigantiello Anna , Pagani Cristina , Magistrelli Paolo , Sartani Alessandra , De Silvestri Annalisa , Gismondo Maria Rita , Cetin Irene 
Published: October 2019

Background Breastfeeding women are at risk of developing mastitis during the lactation period. Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as the community-acquired pathogen responsible for virulence (methicillin resistance and Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin producing). Research aim The aim was to compare the microorganisms responsible for mastitis and breast abscesses during breastfeeding. Methods This observational study was conducted with a sample of women ( N = 60) admitted to our hospital between 2016 and 2018. Participants affected by mastitis and breast abscess were studied and cared for by a multidisciplinary working group. A diagnostic breast ultrasound identified the pathology. Results Twenty-six participants (43.3%) were affected by mastitis and 34 (56.7%) by breast abscess. The most common microorganism identified was Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus; mastitis, n = 13; abscesses, n = 24). Methicillin resistance was identified in 21 (44.7%) S. aureus strains: 17 (80.9%) cases of abscess and four (19.1%) cases of mastitis. The median number of months of breastfeeding was smaller in the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) cases (median = 3, range = 1–20 months) than in the methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) cases (median = 6.5, range = 3–21 months). The Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin gene was detected in 12 (25.5%) cases (MRSA, n = 8, 66.7%; MSSA, n = 4, 33.3%). Hospitalization was required more frequently in MRSA ( n = 8, 38%; five Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive) than in MSSA cases ( n = 5, 19%; one Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive). Four women out of the eight MRSA cases (50%) that were Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive stopped breastfeeding during mammary pathologies, three (37.5%) participants continued breastfeeding until the follow-up recall, and one case was lost at follow-up. Conclusion Clinical severity was probably complicated by the presence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin, which required hospitalization more frequently.
Confirming a beneficial effect of the six-minute walk test on exercise confidence in patients with heart failure
Authors: Toukhsati SR , Mathews S , Sheed A , Freijah I , Moncur L , Cropper P , Ha FJ , Hare DL 
Published: October 2019

Background: Low confidence to exercise is a barrier to engaging in exercise in heart failure patients. Participating in low to moderate intensity exercise, such as the six-minute walk test, may increase exercise confidence. Aim: To compare the effects of a six-minute walk test with an educational control condition on exercise confidence in heart failure patients. Methods: This was a prospective, quasi-experimental design whereby consecutive adult patients attending an out-patient heart failure clinic completed the Exercise Confidence Scale prior to and following involvement in the six-minute walk test or an educational control condition. Results: Using a matched pairs, mixed model design ( n=60; 87% male; Mage=58.87±13.16), we identified a significantly greater improvement in Total exercise confidence ( F(1,54)=4.63, p=0.036, partial η2=0.079) and Running confidence ( F(1,57)=4.21, p=0. 045, partial η2=0.069) following the six-minute walk test compared to the educational control condition. These benefits were also observed after adjustment for age, gender, functional class and depression. Conclusion: Heart failure patients who completed a six-minute walk test reported greater improvement in exercise confidence than those who read an educational booklet for 10 min. The findings suggest that the six-minute walk test may be used as a clinical tool to improve exercise confidence. Future research should test these results under randomized conditions and examine whether improvements in exercise confidence translate to greater engagement in exercise behavior.
Designing the microstructure of routines
Authors: Steinberger Tom , Jung Ju Yeon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Coordinating organizational routines is a strategic challenge in contexts ranging from healthcare to software development. Yet, we have few theories of the design of routines. This paper compares field data on routines at two Korean restaurants to theorize their design. We identified a core coordination challenge as the need for concurrency—the simultaneous coordination of diverse activities of indeterminate order. The restaurants enabled concurrency using distinct solutions for providing information to agents about their routine activities. We normatively frame these solutions as firm-level strategies for coordinating routines based on uniformity (providing information about fixed sequences of activities) or compatibility (providing information about particular performances of activities). While prior work assumes strategies for coordinating routines depend on extensive codification, our framework shows how extensive codification is specific to a uniformity strategy. We argue that the compatibility strategy characterizes how firms increasingly coordinate routines amid blurring firm boundaries and discuss implications for landscape design.