bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PP17 Ambulance paramedics responding to urgent patient requests in general practice for home visits – evaluation development (ARRIVE)
Authors: Bulger Jenna , Driscoll Timothy , Hussain Ather , Edwards Adrian , Evans Bridie , Griffiths Lesley , James Mari , Keen Leigh , Kingston Mark , Mclean Grayham , Phillips Ceri , Porter Alison , Snooks Helen , Watkins Alan 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundIn response to rising demand for health care and limited availability of GPs, paramedics are increasingly working in general practices, most commonly to carry out home visits. UK policy supports this change which involves role substitution across professional groups and sectors of care. In Wales, schemes have recently been introduced with various configuration, employment and governance arrangements, but we do not know the risks and benefits of Paramedics working in Primary Care (PPC), or which model works best. As well as effects at individual patient level (safety, acceptability, and quality of care), this interface-crossing innovation may have an impact on service and workforce issues including efficiency, costs, professional role development, emergency ambulance availability and 999 response. There is an urgent need to better understand the PPC innovation. We aim to describe the evidence base, theoretical underpinning and current initiatives; and determine the feasibility of undertaking a definitive evaluation of PPC in order to produce generalisable evidence to inform policy and practice.MethodA survey of Welsh Health boards has been undertaken to identify sites and stakeholders to take part in qualitative interviews. We will conduct a feasibility study using a controlled before and after natural experiment design with three GP practice sites: one with a directly-employed paramedic; one with a Welsh Ambulance Service-employed paramedic; and a control site. We will collect the following outcomes:Number of home visits requestedHome visit outcomes – the proportion resolved; further home visit required; emergency admission; 999 call placedPrescribing patternsSubsequent health care contactsPatient satisfactionSerious Adverse EventsCost profileConclusionWe will submit an application for a fully powered application to NIHR HS&DR if indicated by our progression criteria.ResultsWelsh Health board survey and qualitative findings will be available at the time of the conference.
PP27 An exploration of the experiences of paramedics taking part in a large randomised trial of airway management, and the impact on their views and practice
Authors: Kirby K , Brandling J , Robinson M , Voss S , Benger J 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe participation of over 1500 study paramedics in AIRWAYS-2 provides a unique opportunity for an in depth exploration of how the views and practice of study paramedics, in advanced airway management, may have developed as a result of their participation in AIRWAYS-2, and how their experiences can inform future trials in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Future prehospital guidelines and practice will not only be shaped by the results of large trials such as AIRWAYS-2, but also by the views and attitudes of UK paramedics towards OHCA, airway management and research. This study allows an opportunity to add depth and understanding to the results of AIRWAYS-2.Study aimsTo explore paramedics’ experiences of participating in a large cluster randomized trial of airway management during OHCA, specifically:The challenges of enrolling patients who are critically unwell and unable to consent;Barriers and facilitators to successful research in OHCA patients;The impact on paramedics’ clinical practice and airway management during and after the trial;The role of advanced airway management during OHCA.MethodsContent analysis of an online survey of 1500 study paramedics to assess their experiences of participating in the trial and to establish any changes in their views and practice.Thematic analysis of telephone interviews with study paramedic to explore the findings of the online questionnaire. Exploring any changes in views and practice around advanced airway management as a result of participating in the trial; assessing experiences of trial training and enrolling critically unwell patients without consent, and exploring the barriers and facilitators for trial participation and the views of paramedics on the future role of advanced airway management during OHCA.Results and conclusionsThe study is in the analysis phase and is due to complete and report by the 31stJanuary 2019.
OP5 Closing emergency departments in england (CLOSED): the impact on ambulance services
Authors: Knowles Emma , Shephard Neil , Stone Tony , Bishop-Edwards Lindsey , Hirst Enid , Abouzeid Linda , Mason Suzanne , Nicholl Jon 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundIn recent years a number of Emergency Departments (EDs) in England have closed, or been replaced by a lower acuity facility such as an Urgent Care Centre. With further re-organisation of EDs expected, the ‘closED’ study aimed to provide research evidence to inform the public, NHS, and policymakers when considering future closures. Our aim was to understand the impact of ED closure on populations and emergency care providers, the first study to do so in England. In this session I will focus on the impact on the ambulance service.MethodsWe undertook a controlled interrupted time series analysis assessing changes in ambulance service activity, following the closure of Type 1 EDs in England. Data was sourced data from Ambulance service computer-assisted dispatch (CAD) records. The resident catchment populations of five EDs, closed between 2009 and 2011, were selected for analysis. Five control areas were also selected. The primary ambulance outcome measures were: ambulance service incident volumes and mean ‘call to destination’ time.ResultsThere was some evidence of a large increase of 13.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5% to 24.4%] in the total number of emergency ambulance incidents compared with the control areas. There was an increase of 3.9 minutes (95% CI 2.2 to 5.6 minutes) in the meantime taken from a 999 ‘red’ call being answered to a patient arriving at hospital.ConclusionsGiven such major reorganisation of emergency and urgent care we might expect some changes in emergency and urgency care activity. Our study found some changes in the ambulance service measures. The increase in emergency ambulance incidents, over and above the increase in the control area, suggests that the closure of the EDs in our study may have contributed to an additional increase in workload within the ambulance services in these areas.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Peripheral Arterial Disease: Current Evidence
Authors: Xia Yunyan , You Kai , Xiong Yuanping , Jiang Hongqun 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with atherosclerosis. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a manifestation of atherosclerosis in lower extremity arteries. No systematic review addressing the relationship between PAD and SDB was found. We performed this study aimed to summarize the relationship between SDB and PAD described in current clinical studies. Material and Methods: PubMed and Embase electronic databases were searched for clinical articles (published before 3 April, 2019) describing studies that evaluated the association between SDB and PAD. We showed the results involved in the association in clinical studies. Results: In total, 8 clinical studies have been included, and most of them were cross-sectional studies. Six articles demonstrated the coexistence of SDB and PAD, evidenced by high prevalence of SDB in patients with PAD and vice versa. Meanwhile, the included studies exhibited independent positive associations between SDB or sleep parameters and PAD after adjusting for multiple confounders. Conclusion: From present clinical prospective, positive association between SDB and PAD was shown. More prospective, randomized controlled studies are needed to establish the cause–effect relationships involved.
Otitis media with effusion in adults with patulous Eustachian tube
Authors: Fu Tao , Ji Caili , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhang Xiaowen , Zhang Min , Zhang Xiaoheng 
Published: September 2019

Highlight 1.  Patients with patulous Eustachian tube (PET) were older, had a shorter duration of disease, and were more likely to develop bilateral otitis media with effusion. 2. Patients with PET were more likely to develop comorbidities of gastroesophageal reflux and allergies.
Zur Methodik der Kalorimetrie von Lösungswärmen
Authors: Fricke Robert 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Ein neues Kalorimeter, seine thermischen Eigenschaften und die Bestimmung seines Wasserwertes werden beschrieben. Das silberne Kalorimetergefäß ist von einem Luft-strom umspült, der die konstant gehaltene Temperatur eines das Ganze umgebenden Aluminiumblockes besitzt. Die Konvergenztemperatur bleibt während vieler Stunden auf 0,0002° genau konstant, und auch die nach Erwärmung bzw. Abkühlung des Kalori-meters auftretende zeitliche'Temperaturänderung (Gang) ist genau reproduzierbar und kann als Funktion der Kalorimetertemperatur ein für allemal bestimmt werden. Zur Messung des Wasserwertes wird dem Kalorimeter durch einen Heizkörper eine aus Spannung, Widerstand und Zeit zu berechnende Wärmemenge zugeführt und die auf-tretende Temperaturerhöhung, mittels des bekannten Ganges auf Adiabasie korrigiert, bestimmt. Die Genauigkeit der Wasserwertbestimmung liegt bei 1‰.
Über den Beginn des Geiger-Bereichs bei Methan-Zählern
Authors: Neuer Hugo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Bekanntlich wächst in einem Proportionalzählrohr die Impulsamplitude von a-Teilchen im wirklichen Propor-tionalbereich exponentiell mit der Spannung an. Im sich anschließenden beschränkten Proportionalbereich steigt die Amplitudenkurve dann infolge der Raumladung all-mählich immer langsamer mit der Spannung an, während die Impulsgröße von /^-Teilchen im gesamten Propor-tionalbereich im allgemeinen (bei mäßigen Drucken im Zählrohr) keine Raumladungsbegrenzung erfährt. Die Spannung, bei der a-und /5-Teilchen die gleiche Impuls-größe im Zähler hervorrufen, nennt man die Anfangs-spannung des Geiger-Bereichs. In den normalen Fällen, z. B. beim Argon-Alkohol-Zähler mit nicht zu starkem Alkohol-Anteil, geht die Entladungsform in diesem Punkt eindeutig von der Lawinen-Entladung in die Ionen-schlauchentladung über, die dann von der Natur des den Impuls auslösenden Teilchens unabhängig ist. Zähirohrspannung —
Some Considerations Concerning Nernst's Theorem
Authors: Simon F.E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es wird diskutiert, welche Minimum-Annahmen von der klassischen Thermodynamik zum N e r n s t sehen Theorem führen. N e r n s t hatte geglaubt bewiesen zu haben, daß das Verschwinden der spezifischen Wärmen zusammen mit dem zweiten Hauptsatz genügt, um sein Theorem abzuleiten. Sein Beweisgang und die Einwände gegen ihn werden besprochen.
Es wird dann gezeigt, daß ein System von Substanzen mit verschwindenden spezifischen Wärmen, aber nicht verschwindenden Entropiedifferenzen, äußerst merkwürdige Eigenschaften aufweisen würde; z. B. könnte eine Substanz trotz verschwindender spezifischer Wärme einen endlichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten behalten. Es wird an einem speziellen Fall, dem des entartenden, idealen Gases, dargelegt, daß ein dem Virial-Theorem verwandter, ganz allgemeiner Satz genügt, um ein derartiges Verhalten auszuschließen. Schließlich wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob nicht dieser Beweis für alle möglichen Systeme in Abhängigkeit von allen möglichen Parametern verallgemeinert werden könnte.
Distribution of cancer cases in a city of eastern Turkey and the results of survival analysis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: METE Burak , PEHLİVAN Erkan , SÖYİLER Vedat 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The aim of present study was to determine the changes in the incidence of cancer in Bingöl which is in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics- 2 (NUTS-2) region, and to perform survival analysis on these patients.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study and the data was obtained from the Ministry of Health's Cancer Registry System. We examined the data of 977 cancer cases diagnosed between year 2013 and 2015 Results: 28.7% of the patients died during the follow-up period. 30% of all cancers originated from the digestive system. The cancers of lung, stomach, colon, prostate and skin are the mostly seen in the male patients, the cancers of breast, thyroid and skin are the mostly seen in the female patients. The incidence of cancer is increasing over the years and the cancer incidence rate is higher in men. The mean follow-up period was 388 days in died patients and 1541 days in alive patients. The risk of death is increasing in the patients not undergoing surgery (RR = 2.779, HR = 3.048). In addition, the risk of death is decreasing in the patients not receiving chemotherapy (RR = 0.656, HR = 0.340). The risk of death is increasing in the patients with advanced age and the male patients.Conclusion: The incidence of cancer is increasing. Further indepth and wider research is needed to shed more light on these findings
Pemberian Susu Afkir dalam Pakan terhadap Jumlah Eritrosit, Kadar Hemoglobin (Hb), dan Nilai Packed Cell Volume (PCV) pada Anak Babi Crossbreed Jantan Lepas Sapih
Authors: Handayani Ida Ayu Lidya , Ardana Ida Bagus Komang , Kendran Anak Agung Sagung 
Published: September 2019

Susu sebagai suplemen makanan sering digunakan oleh peternak untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan. Untuk menekan biaya produksi, diperlukan bahan pakan alternatif yang murah dan tidak bersaing dengan kebutuhan manusia, maka digunakanlah susu afkir yaitu susu sapi dalam kemasan yang telah ditolak oleh pabrik dengan kondisi fisik dan nutrisi yang masih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian susu afkir pada konsentrasi 5% dan 10% dalam campuran pakan terhadap jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin (Hb), dan nilai Packed Cell Volume (PCV) anak babi crossbreed jantan lepas sapih. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 9 ulangan, dengan total 27 sampel darah. Kelompok ternak babi sebagai kontrol (P0) yang diberi pakan standar (CP-550), kelompok ternak babi yang diberi pakan standar (CP-550) dikombinasikan dengan susu afkir 5% (P1), dan kelompok ternak babi yang diberi pakan standar (CP-550) dikombinasikan dengan susu afkir 10% (P2). Data hasil pemeriksaan dianalisis menggunakan uji sidik ragam (ANOVA), untuk melihat pengaruh antar perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Pemberian susu afkir dengan konsentrasi 5% (P1) dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin secara nyata dan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai PCV, serta pemberian susu afkir dengan konsentrasi 10% (P2) tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan nilai PCV pada anak babi crossbreed jantan lepas sapih.
GAGASAN KEMATIAN DAN KETUHANAN DALAM SAJAK-SAJAK ABDUL HADI WM
Authors: Wiranta Wiranta , Murtini Murtini , Wirajaya Asep Yudha 
Published: September 2019

<p><em>This research identifies deportement and concept of death from Abdul Hadi WM's poetry. Descriptive method and semiotic-structural approach were used in this research. Descriptive method used to identifies and analyze the research object to present systematic, factual, and accurate facts and concept from its population (Dirjen Dikti, 1981: 14.) Semiotic-structural approach is used to reveal the labelling system based on elements from the poetry--that is related to each other and forms one unity of organism. By analyzing Abdul Hadi WM's poem (139 poem titles), can be concluded that</em><em> (</em><em>1) Abdul Hadi WM poems were built from its choose of dictions, ryhimes, arrays, and typhography so that it creates death-theme sign</em><em> and (</em><em>2) Abdul Hadi WM is a religious poet that can describe and write his deportment about death with subtle but strong words.</em></p>
ANALISIS KUALITAS TERJEMAHAN UJARAN RESPON TERHADAP TINDAK TUTUR BERTANYA DALAM NOVEL "ME BEFORE YOU" KARYA JOJO MOYES
Authors: Kirom Ahmad , Nababan M.R. , Djatmika D. 
Published: September 2019

<em>This research discusses the quality of questioning response utterances found in the novel Me Before You and its translation. This aims to describe (1) the types of questioning response utterances, (2) the translation quality of questioning response utterances based on accuracy and acceptability aspects. This research is classified as a descriptive qualitative research which focuses on a single case. The source data of this research is the novel Me Before You and the Indonesian translation version. The data focus on questioning response utterances. The data are collected with using document analysis, questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion. Furthermore, the data is analyzed the domain, taxonomic, componential analysis and cultural theme. The results of this research is the types of question response utterances based on Searle’s theory is variation such as assertive, directive, commissive and expressive. Then, the quality of questioning response utterances is accurate and acceptable.</em>
Reduction patterns of prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection after MDA with praziquantel between regions with and without previous intervention in Sudan
Authors: Cha Seungman , Hong Sung-Tae , Lee Jin-Su , Jeong Hoo-Gn , Kwon In-Sun , Saed Abd Al Wahab , Elhag Mousab Siddig , Lee Young-Ha 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel has been the mainstay for schistosomiasis control in endemic countries. To evaluate the effects of repeated MDA, we compared urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence at two localities in White Nile State, Sudan: Al Jabalain with previous MDA and El Salam without previous MDA. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out to examined the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection using urine samples from 10,644 primary school-aged children (SAC) of two localities at the baseline survey, and then a single dose of 40 mg/kg praziquantel was mass administered to whole SAC of both localities. Of the total, 3,197 SAC of sentinel schools were examined urine samples at 8 months after the MDA. Results: The overall prevalence of S. haematobium infection was 5.5% in Al Jabalain and 27.5% in El Salam at the baseline survey. In sentinel schools, the prevalences in Al Jabalain and El Salam were significantly reduced after MDA, 80.3% and 84.4% respectively, not significant between two localities. The geometric mean intensity (GMI) of egg counts from the infected children at the baseline survey was 14.5 eggs per 10 mL of urine (EP10) in Al Jabalain and 18.5 EP10 in El Salam. At the follow-up survey, the GMI reduction rate was significantly reduced, 51.0% in Al Jabalain and 39.5% in El Salam, however the infection intensity after MDA was reduced significantly less in SAC who had higher baseline prevalence and infection intensity. The overall intensity of infection was significantly reduced after MDA in girls, but not in boys. Conclusions: Single MDA produces a similar prevalence reduction regardless of endemicity but less reduction of infection intensity in highly endemic populations. It is necessary to implement repeated MDAs to eliminate urogenital schistosomiasis in endemic regions..
Bayesian Modeling of Spatiotemporal patterns of TB-HIV co-infection risk in Kenya
Authors: Otiende Verrah A , Achia Thomas N O , Mwambi Henry G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background

Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) diseases are globally acknowledged as public health challenges exhibiting adverse bidirectional relations due to the co-epidemic overlap. To understand the co-infection burden we used case notification data to generate spatiotemporal maps to describe risk patterns for further epidemiologic investigations. These model maps are relevant for geographically targeting interventions towards suppressing co-infectionMethods

We analyzed the TB and TB-HIV case notification data from the Kenya national TB control program aggregated for forty-seven counties over a seven-year period (2012 – 2018). Using the Integrated Nested Laplace Approach (INLA), we modeled the risk of TB-HIV co-infection. Six competing models with varying space-time formulations were compared to determine the best fit model. We assessed the space-time patterns of coinfection risk by mapping the posterior marginal from the best fit model.Results

Of the total 608312 TB case notifications, 194129 were HIV co-infected. The proportion of TB-HIV co-infection was higher in female (39.7%) than to male (27.0%). A significant share of the co-infection was among adults aged 35 to 44 years (46.7%) and 45 to 54 years (42.1%). Based on the Bayesian Defiance Information (DIC) and the effective number of parameters comparisons, the spatiotemporal model 3b was the best in explaining the geographical variations in TB-HIV coinfection. The model results suggested that the risk of TB-HIV coinfection was influenced by infrastructure index (5.75, Credible Interval (Cr.I) = (1.65, 19.89) and gender ratio (5.81e-04, Cr.I = (1.06e-04, 3.18e-03)). The lowest and highest temporal risks were in the years 2016 at 0.9 and 2012 at 1.07 respectively. The spatial pattern presented increased co-infection risk in various counties. For the spatiotemporal interaction, few counties had a probability of risk greater than 1 that varied in different years.Conclusions

TB-HIV co-epidemic in Kenya is at a critical point portending a dual endemic challenge for many years to come. Integration of care for both TB and HIV using a single facility and single health provider in each county will enable proper monitoring of the co-infection trends and subsequently significant reduction of HIV burden amongst TB patients and TB burden amongst HIV patients