bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Biaya Strategi DOTS Program Tuberkulosis antara Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit Swasta Kota Depok
Authors: Ulya Fikrotul , Thabrany Hasbullah 
Published: February 2019

AbstrakAngka penemuan Tuberkulosis (TB) tahun 2016 adalah sebesar 77% di dunia, sebesar 46,5% di Asia Tenggara dan sekitar32 - 33% di Indonesia. Di Kota Depok angka penemuan TB mencapai 58%. Sektor swasta menjangkau 18,7% kasus TB di KotaDepok meskipun baru 40% RS swasta yang terlibat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan strategiDOTS di Rumah Sakit swasta Kota Depok lebih menghemat biaya dibandingkan di Puskesmas. Penelitian dilakukan selama 6bulan dengan kohort retrospektif di Puskesmas DOTS, RS DOTS dan RS Non DOTS menggunakan 36 sampel per kelompok.Penghitungan dari perspektif societal dengan microcosting berdasarkan tarif, harga pasar, serta nilai anggaran. Outputnyaangka pengobatan lengkap (Success Rate). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Success Rate di puskesmas paling tinggi yaitu86,1%, RS DOTS sebesar 77.78 % dan Non DOTS 63.89 %. Penambahan biaya provider terutama tenaga pelaksana khususdi puskesmas dan RS DOTS meningkatkan success rate. Biaya societal di puskesmas 42% dari biaya di RS swasta. ACER(Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio) menunjukkan RS yang melaksanakan strategi DOTS lebih cost effective. Untuk menaikkan1% angka kesuksesan pengobatan membutuhkan biaya Rp 10.084.572 dengan melakukan intervensi program DOTS ke RSSwasta. Uji t independen menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna biaya societal pengobatan tuberkulosis antarapuskesmas, RS DOTS, dan RS Non DOTS. AbstractGlobal TB notification rate at 2016 was 77% and 46.5% in Southeast Asia. Indonesia last 5 years still remain at 32-33% where DepokCity reached 58%. In Depok City, private sector contributed 18.7% of the notified TB case in 2016 although only 40% of privatehospitals were involved. The aims of this study is to determine cost-effectiveness of DOTS strategy implementation at private hospitaland Public Health Centre (PHC). Comparative study carried out for six months with cohort retrospective between PHC, DOTS andNon DOTS hospitals using 36 samples per group. The calculation of the societal perspective with microcosting based on tariffs, marketprices and budget value. Output is Success Rate, where at PHC 86.1%, DOTS hospital 77.78% and Non DOTS hospital 63.89%.The addition cost providers especially person in charge at PHC and DOTS hospital increase success rate. The cost of TB treatmentin PHC 42% of private hospital. ACER (Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio) is obtained that the hospital which carry out the DOTSstrategy is cost effective. To increase 1% success rate of TB treatment costs Rp 10,084,572 with intervention DOTS programs into aprivate hospital. An Independen t test stated that cost-effectiveness societal perspectives on TB treatment has a significant differencebetween PHC, DOTS hospital and Non DOTS hospital .
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Ketones using Different Metal Complexes with a Chiral PNP Pincer Ligand
Authors: Garbe Marcel , Wei Zhihong , Tannert Bianca , Spannenberg Anke , Jiao Haijun , Bachmann Stephan , Scalone Michelangelo , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of different metal pincer complexes coordinating to the chiral PNP ligand bis(2‐((2R,5R)‐2,5‐dimethyl‐phospholanoethyl))amine is described in detail. The characterized complexes with Mn, Fe, Re and Ru as metal centers showed good activities regarding the reduction of several prochiral ketones. Comparing these catalysts, the non‐noble metal complexes produced best selectivities not only for aromatic substrates, but also for different kinds of aliphatic ones leading to enantioselectivities up to 99% ee. Theoretical investigations elucidated the mechanism and rationalized the selectivity.magnified image
Fluorierung von C‐H‐Bindungen: Entwicklungen und Perspektiven
Authors: Szpera Robert , Moseley Daniel F. J. , Smith Lewis B. , Sterling Alistair J. , Gouverneur Véronique 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDieser Aufsatz gibt einen aktuellen Überblick über Fluorierungen per C(sp2)‐H‐ und C(sp3)‐H‐Aktivierung. Übergangsmetallkatalysierte Methoden haben den regio‐ und stereoselektiven Einbau von Fluor an C(sp2)‐ und C(sp3)‐Zentren ermöglicht, indem die Reaktivität von Übergangsmetall‐Fluorid‐Komplexen in hohen Oxidationszuständen mit dirigierenden Gruppen kombiniert wurde. Die meisten Methoden beruhen auf der Verwendung elektrophiler Fluorierungsreagenzien. Allerdings wurden bereits Methoden mit einer nukleophilen Fluoridquelle in Gegenwart eines Oxidationsmittels publiziert. Kontrolle über die Reaktivität wurde mithilfe eines schwach koordinierenden Auxiliars im Substrat in Kombination mit einem externen Liganden erreicht. Komplementär zu übergangsmetallkatalysierten Verfahren ermöglichen Methoden auf Basis der Bildung radikalischer Intermediate undirigierte C(sp3)‐H‐Fluorierungen. Elektrophile N‐F‐Fluorierungsreagenzien bilden gewöhnlich die Grundlage für radikalische C‐H‐Fluorierungen, mit der Ausnahme einer MnIII‐katalysierten oxidativen C‐H‐Fluorierung mit Fluorid. Das Gebiet der nukleophilen C‐H‐Fluorierungen im späten Synthesestadium hat sich insgesamt weitaus langsamer entwickelt, weshalb sich die 18F‐Fluorierung von C‐H‐Bindungen noch im Anfangsstadium befindet.
Ein neutrales geminales frustriertes Zinn/Phosphor‐Lewis‐Paar
Authors: Holtkamp Philipp , Friedrich Felix , Stratmann Erik , Mix Andreas , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDas geminale frustrierte Lewis‐Paar (FLP) (F5C2)3SnCH2P(tBu)2 (2) wurde mittels der Reaktion von (F5C2)3SnCl mit LiCH2P(tBu)2 hergestellt. Es ist ungeladen und enthält eine extrem elektronegativ substituierte, aber relativ weiche (HSAB) Zinn‐Säurefunktion. Seine FLP‐artige Reaktivität zeigte es in Reaktionen mit einer Vielzahl kleiner Moleküle (CO2, SO2, CS2, PhNCO, HCl, (Ph3P)AuCl); in H/D‐Austauschexperimenten mit H2/D2‐Gemischen ist es jedoch unreaktiv. Es bindet reversibel CO2, was mit VT‐NMR‐Spektroskopie nachverfolgt wurde. Verbindung 2 und alle ihre Addukte wurden mittels Mehrkern‐NMR‐Spektroskopie, Elementaranalyse und Röntgenbeugungsexperimenten vollständig charakterisiert.
Curing characteristics and kinetics of EPDM and EOC compounds in co‐vulcanization as blend
Authors: Thitithammawong Anoma , Uthaipan Nattapon , Junhasavasdikul Banja , Nakason Charoen , Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTPossibility of co‐vulcanization of ethylene octene copolymer (EOC) and ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) molecules was studied by assessing the curing characteristic and crosslinking kinetics of EOC and EPDM compounds. Regarding curing, the curing characteristics, cure rate index, and the torque difference (MH− ML) of the EPDM compound are quite similar to those of the EOC compounds at the curing temperature of 180 °C, especially when the EOC octene comonomer content is 5.9 or 9.7 mol %. The kinetic parametersEaandkwere analyzed. The study showed that EOC with 9.7 mol % octene comonomer content is very suitable for blending with EPDM, as it has crosslinking kinetics similar to the EPDM. This observation confirms the possibility of chemical co‐crosslinking at EPDM–EOC interfaces, especially at the curing temperature of 180 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis were also used to assess interfacial crosslinking. The lowest activation energy of vulcanization is found for the EPDM/EOC blend with 9.7 mol % octene comonomer contents. Furthermore, chemical co‐crosslinking in combination with chain flexibility in the EPDM/EOC blend with 9.7 mol % octene comonomer contents give lower tanδat room temperature than for the blends with octene comonomer contents of 5.9 and 16.9 mol %. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47613.
An application of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale to assess food security in rural communities of Nepal
Authors: Pandey Rishikesh , Bardsley Douglas K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe state of food (in)security in rural communities of different ecological zones of the Kaligandaki Basin, Nepal, is assessed using a Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). The data were collected from 360 households using face‐to‐face interviews. The results show poor availability of food from subsistence production in the Middle‐Mountains and Trans‐Himalaya, whereas most households with sufficient purchasing power are able to access additional food from the market. Net food security is poor, with the highest level of insecurity in the Middle‐Mountains, followed by the Trans‐Himalaya and the Tarai. Although weaknesses were found in application of the HFIAS method due to respondent bias in subjective assessments of food insecurity in producer–consumer rural households, the method was found to be effective for rapidly incorporating utilization and stability elements into appraisals. Although not comprehensive, this approach has the potential to complement other forms of knowledge for designing targeted food policy in Nepal.
WARP: A Unique Extracellular Matrix Component of Cartilage, Muscle, and Endothelial Cell Basement Membranes
Authors: Fitzgerald Jamie 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe von Willebrand factor A‐domain‐related protein (WARP) encoded by the VWA1 gene, is an orphan extracellular matrix protein that is expressed in a subset of ECM structures but whose function is poorly understood. Here, recent advances on understanding VWA1/WARP will be reviewed including analysis of VWA1 reporter and global knock‐out mice, interaction studies, and recent transcriptome analyses. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preferential Face‐on and Edge‐on Orientation of Thiophene Oligomers by Rational Molecular Design
Authors: Ghosh Tanwistha , Nagasawa Shinji , Raveendran Neethi , Darshan Vibhu , Saeki Akinori , Nair Vijayakumar C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrecise control over the supramolecular organization of organic semiconducting materials guiding to exclusive face‐on or edge‐on orientation is a challenging task. In the present work, we study the preferential packing of thiophene oligomers induced through rational molecular designing and self‐assembly. The acceptor–donor–acceptor‐type oligomers having 2‐(1,1‐dicyano‐methylene)rhodanine as acceptor (OT1) favored a face‐on packing, whereas that of functionalized with N‐octyl rhodanine (OT2) preferred an edge‐on packing as evident from 2D‐grazing incidence angle X‐ray diffraction, tapping‐mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The oligomers exhibited anisotropic conductivity in the self‐assembled state as an outcome of the preferred orientation, revealed by the conducting AFM experiment.
Dynamische CO2‐Emissionsfaktoren für den deutschen Strom‐Mix
Authors: Wörner Patrick , Müller André , Sauerwein David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDie Energiewende hat in den letzten Jahren zu einer deutlichen Erhöhung des Anteils erneuerbarer Energien an der Stromerzeugung geführt. Einen essenziellen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz soll der Ausbau volatil einspeisender Windkraft‐ und Photovoltaikanlagen leisten, die im Vergleich zur konventionellen Stromerzeugung geringere spezifische Treibhausgasemissionen über den Lebenszyklus aufweisen. Im Kontext der ökologischen Bewertung zeigt sich die stetige Verbesserung des Strom‐Mix in einer Anpassung der CO2‐ bzw. Treibhausgasfaktoren für den Energieträger Strom. Die Bewertung innovativer und elektrifizierter Energieversorgungskonzepte kann jedoch mit statischen Emissionsfaktoren und auf Basis des Jahresendenergiebedarfs nicht zielführend vorgenommen werden. Deshalb wird eine Methodik vorgestellt, welche die CO2‐ und Treibhausgasemissionen des deutschen Strom‐Mix dynamisch in 15‐minütiger zeitlicher Auflösung für das Jahr 2017 abbildet. Hierfür werden frei verfügbare Stromerzeugungszeitreihen aufbereitet, der nationalen Strombilanz gegenübergestellt und in zeitvariable Emissionsfaktoren überführt. Ein Anwendungsbeispiel demonstriert, dass der über eine Jahresbilanz ermittelte CO2‐Ausstoß eines Gebäudes deutlich von den tatsächlichen Emissionen abweicht, die sich mithilfe zeitlich hoch aufgelöster CO2‐Faktoren ergeben. Dadurch zeigt sich im konkreten Fall eine Reduktion der Emissionen der Heizwärmeversorgung von etwa 12 Prozent.
Novel Old Yellow Enzyme Subclasses
Authors: Peters Christin , Frasson David , Sievers Martin , Buller Rebecca 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany drug candidate molecules contain at least one chiral centre, and consequently, the development of biocatalytic strategies to complement existing metal‐ and organocatalytic approaches is of high interest. However, time is a critical factor in chemical process development, and thus, the introduction of biocatalytic steps, even if more suitable, is often prevented by the limited availability of off‐the‐shelf enzyme libraries. To expand the biocatalytic toolbox with additional ene reductases, we screened 19 bacterial strains for double bond reduction activity by using the model substrates cyclohexanone and carvone. Overall, we identified 47 genes coding for putative ene reductases. Remarkably, bioinformatic analysis of all genes and the biochemical characterization of four representative novel ene reductases led us to propose the existence of two new Old Yellow Enzyme subclasses, which we named OYE class III and class IV. Our results demonstrate that although, on a DNA level, each new OYE subclass features a distinct combination of sequence motifs previously known from the classical and the thermophilic‐like group, their substrate scope more closely resembles the latter subclass.
Using big data to predict the likelihood of low falling numbers in wheat
Authors: Williams Richard M. , Diepeveen Dean A. , Evans Fiona H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesPreharvest sprouting in wheat reduces quality and impacts farmer profitability. The international recognized falling number test can be used to measure that damage. Trying to understand the complex interactions that cause a reduction in wheat quality, equating to low falling number levels, is challenging. An alternative research approach to replicated experiments was to use a multiseason dataset of load‐by‐load delivery information to investigate whether correlations between falling number levels and 40 climate measurements could be identified.FindingsThis study used over 250,000 falling number data points from individual truckloads tested during seven harvests in Western Australia. The analyses identified relative humidity measured at the maximum temperature and daily temperature range as having consistent correlations with falling number levels over multiple seasons. Other climate measurements were also observed to have significant correlations with falling number, but these were less consistent within and between seasons.ConclusionsThe linkage of humidity and temperature range levels in the period before harvest commences to the occurrence of low falling number levels helps to further understand the complex interactions that change starch quality.Significance and noveltyThe findings demonstrate that value can be obtained from the use of a large, nonexperimentally designed dataset.
Pervaporation‐Assisted Esterification of Caproic Acid with Isobutanol in Conventional, In Situ, and Ex Situ Reactors
Authors: Chandane Vishal S. , Rathod Ajit P. , Wasewar Kailas L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe factors that affect the pervaporation‐assisted esterification of caproic acid and isobutanol have been investigated in a batch reactor and compared with two different pervaporation reactors, in situ and ex situ reactors, with different configurations. The operating process parameters of the pervaporation modules can be adjusted to optimize the performance, which improves the conversion of reactants and reduces the operating costs. The performances of the reactors have been extensively studied and the membrane selectivity has been investigated in terms of the flux of individual reaction species. The mass transfer limitation of both pervaporation reactors was studied and suitably eliminated. In addition, the performance of the pervaporation reactors was investigated by evaluating the ratio of water removal rate to the water production rate.
Revisiting a Historical Concept by Using Quantum Crystallography: Are Phosphate, Sulfate and Perchlorate Anions Hypervalent?
Authors: Fugel Malte , Malaspina Lorraine A. , Pal Rumpa , Thomas Sajesh P. , Shi Ming W. , Spackman Mark A. , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Grabowsky Simon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere are many examples of atoms in molecules that violate Lewis’ octet rule, because they have more than four electron pairs assigned to their valence. These atoms are referred to as hypervalent. However, hypervalency may be regarded as an artifact arising from Lewis’ description of molecules, which is based on the assumption that electrons are localized in two‐center two‐electron bonds and lone pairs. In the present paper, the isoelectronic phosphate (PO43−), sulfate (SO42−) and perchlorate (ClO4−) anions were examined with respect to the concept of hypervalency. Lewis formulas containing a hypervalent central atom exist for all three anions. Based on X‐ray wavefunction refinements of high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction data of representative crystal structures (MgNH4PO4⋅6 H2O, Li2SO4⋅H2O, and KClO4), complementary bonding analyses were performed. In this way, experimental information from the new field of quantum crystallography validate long‐known facts, or refute long‐standing misunderstandings. It is shown that the P−O and S−O bonds are highly polarized covalent bonds and, thus, the increase in the valence population following three‐center four‐electron bonding is not sufficient to yield hypervalent phosphorus or sulfur atoms, respectively. However, for the highly covalent Cl−O bond, most bonding indicators imply a hypervalent chlorine atom.
Thermochemische Depolymerisation von Lignin zur Gewinnung von Aromaten
Authors: Zurbel Alexander , Kaiser Doreen , Hippmann Sebastian , Bertau Martin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractZur Entwicklung einer effizienten Verwertungsstrategie von Lignin wurde ein Kraft‐Lignin mit sub‐ und überkritischem Wasser umgesetzt. Dabei wurden die Einflüsse von Temperatur und Phasenzustand der Lösungsmittel auf das via GC‐MS detektierte Produktspektrum untersucht. Die grundlegenden Erkenntnisse sollen erste Ansätze für Applikationsmöglichkeiten der biomassebasierten aromatischen Grundstoffchemie liefern.
Haploinsufficiency of UNC13D increases the risk of lymphoma
Authors: Löfstedt Alexandra , Ahlm Clas , Tesi Bianca , Bergdahl Ingvar A. , Nordenskjöld Magnus , Bryceson Yenan T. , Henter Jan‐Inge , Meeths Marie 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundExperimental models have demonstrated that immune surveillance by cytotoxic lymphocytes can protect from spontaneous neoplasms and cancer. In humans, defective lymphocyte cytotoxicity is associated with the development of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a hyperinflammatory syndrome. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the degree to which human lymphocyte cytotoxicity protects from cancer remains unclear. In the current study, the authors examined the risk of lymphoma attributable to haploinsufficiency in a gene required for lymphocyte cytotoxicity.MethodsThe authors exploited a founder effect of an UNC13D inversion, which abolishes Munc13‐4 expression and causes hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an autosomal recessive manner. Within 2 epidemiological screening programs in northern Sweden, an area demonstrating a founder effect of this specific UNC13D mutation, all individuals with a diagnosis of lymphoma (487 patients) and matched controls (1844 controls) were assessed using polymerase chain reaction for carrier status.ResultsAmong 487 individuals with lymphoma, 15 (3.1%) were heterozygous carriers of the UNC13D inversion, compared with 18 controls (1.0%) (odds ratio, 3.0; P = .002). It is interesting to note that a higher risk of lymphoma was attributed to female carriers (odds ratio, 3.7; P = .004).ConclusionsEstablishing a high regional prevalence of the UNC13D inversion, the authors have reported an overrepresentation of this mutation in individuals with lymphoma. Therefore, the results of the current study indicate that haploinsufficiency of a gene required for lymphocyte cytotoxicity can predispose patients to lymphoma, suggesting the importance of cytotoxic lymphocyte‐mediated surveillance of cancer. Furthermore, the results of the current study suggest that female carriers are more susceptible to lymphoma.
Selective Electrocatalytic H2O2 Generation by Cobalt@N‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Core–Shell Nanohybrids
Authors: Lenarda Anna , Bevilacqua Manuela , Tavagnacco Claudio , Nasi Lucia , Criado Alejandro , Vizza Francesco , Melchionna Michele , Prato Maurizio , Fornasiero Paolo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectrocatalytic oxygen reduction (ORR) is an emerging synthetic strategy to prepare H2O2 in a sustainable fashion. N‐doped graphitic carbon with embedded cobalt nanoparticles was selected as an advanced material able to selectively trigger the ORR to form H2O2 with a faradaic efficiency of almost 100 % at very positive applied potentials. The production of H2O2 proceeded with high rates as calculated by bulk electrolysis (49 mmol g−1 h−1) and excellent current densities (≈−0.8 mA cm−2 at 0.5 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). The totally selective behavior depended on the combination of concomitant material features, such as the textural properties, the nature of the metal, the distribution of N moieties, the acidic environment, and the applied potential.
Vegetation and location of water inflow affect evaporation in a subtropical wetland as indicated by the deuterium excess method
Authors: Zhai Lu , Wang Xin , Wang Peng , Miralles‐Wilhelm Fernando , Sternberg Leonel da Silveira Lobo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEvaporation represents a principal form of water loss from water bodies, but quantifying evaporation with transpiring vegetation is challenging, owing to the difficulties in disentangling evaporation from transpiration. As the two processes have different effects on water isotope signatures (i.e., oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios expressed by δ18O and δ2H), we used both the δ18O and δ2H values of water samples to calculate their deuterium excess (d) values, which are proportionate to fraction of evaporation loss (Ef) of water being sampled. Comparing with a single isotope method, the d method holds the advantage that it does not require knowledge of the initial isotope ratios of source water. Limitations of the d method, for example, effects of prior‐evaporation of water before entering water bodies, can be checked and corrected. The sampling locations throughout our study site differed in vegetation coverage, water depth, and distance to water inflow (or discharge gate of water inflow), which are three important factors in water management. This sampling design offered us a unique opportunity to quantify the influences of the above three factors on Ef. We found the following: (1) There was a spatiotemporal pattern in δ18O distribution. (2) The Ef was negatively related to the vegetation coverage, positively related to distance to the water source inflow but nonsignificantly related to water depth. Therefore, vegetation and distance to the water inflow are two important considerations for the control of evaporative water loss, and evaporation calculated by the d method can lead to more informed water management.