bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duty to provide care to Ebola patients: the perspectives of Guinean lay people and healthcare providers
Authors: Kpanake Lonzozou , Tonguino Tamba Kallas , Sorum Paul Clay , Mullet Etienne 
Published: May 2018

AimTo examine the views of Guinean lay people and healthcare providers (HCPs) regarding the acceptability of HCPs’ refusal to provide care to Ebola patients.MethodFrom October to December 2015, lay people (n=252) and HCPs (n=220) in Conakry, Guinea, were presented with 54 sample case scenarios depicting a HCP who refuses to provide care to Ebola patients and were instructed to rate the extent to which this HCP’s decision is morally acceptable. The scenarios were composed by systematically varying the levels of four factors: (1) the risk of getting infected, (2) the HCP’s working conditions, (3) the HCP’s family responsibilities and (4) the HCP’s professional status.ResultsFive clusters were identified: (1) 18% of the participants expressed the view that HCPs have an unlimited obligation to provide care to Ebola patients; (2) 38% held that HCPs’ duty to care is a function of HCPs’ working conditions; (3) 9% based their judgments on a combination of risk level, family responsibilities and working conditions; (4) 23% considered that HCPs do not have an obligation to provide care and (5) 12% did not take a position.ConclusionOnly a small minority of Guinean lay people and HCPs consider that HCPs’ refusal to provide care to Ebola patients is always unacceptable. The most commonly endorsed position is that HCPs’ duty to provide care to Ebola patients is linked to society’s reciprocal duty to provide them with the working conditions needed to fulfil their professional duty.
Comparison between low disease activity or DAS remission as treatment target in patients with early active rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Akdemir Gülşah , Markusse Iris M , Bergstra Sytske Anne , Goekoop Robbert J , Molenaar Esmeralda T , van Groenendael Johannes H L M , Kerstens Pit J S M , Lems Willem F , Huizinga Tom W J , Allaart Cornelia F 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo compare outcomes of targeted treatment aimed at either low disease activity or remission in patients with early active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsFive-year outcomes were compared in 133 patients with early active RA (1987), starting with methotrexate, sulfasalazine and tapered high dose of prednisone (arm 3 of the BehandelStrategieën (Treatment Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis) (BeSt) study), targeted at Disease Activity Score (DAS) ≤2.4 (low disease activity), and 175 patients with early RA, starting methotrexate and tapered high dose of prednisone, targeted at DAS <1.6 (selected from IMPROVED study who would have fulfilled inclusion criteria of the BeSt study). Association of treatment target with outcomes DAS <1.6, Boolean remission at year 1 and drug-free DAS remission (DFR) at year 5 were analysed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsAt baseline, DAS <1.6 steered patients had a milder disease than DAS ≤2.4 steered patients (mean DAS 4.1±SD 0.7vs4.4±0.9, p=0.012) and less radiological damage. DAS decrease, functional ability and radiological damage progression over time were similar in both patient groups. DAS ≤2.4 was achieved in similar percentages in both patient groups, but more DAS <1.6 steered patients achieved DAS <1.6 and DFR. DAS <1.6 steered treatment was associated with achieving DAS <1.6 (OR 3.04 (95% CI 1.64 to 5.62)) and Boolean remission (3.03 (1.45 to 6.33)) at year 1 and DFR at year 5 (3.77 (1.51 to 9.43)).ConclusionsIn patients with early active RA who start with comparable disease-modifying antirheumatic drug+prednisone combination therapy, subsequent DAS <1.6 steered treatment is associated with similar clinical and radiological outcomes over time as DAS ≤2.4 steered treatment; however, in the DAS <1.6 steered group, more patients achieved remission and drug-free remission.
Protective effect of breastfeeding on recurrent cough in adulthood
Authors: Gerhart Kimberly D , Stern Debra A , Guerra Stefano , Morgan Wayne J , Martinez Fernando D , Wright Anne L 
Published: May 2018

RationaleBreastfeeding protects from respiratory infections in early life but its relationship to recurrent cough and other respiratory outcomes in adult life is not well established.MethodsInfant feeding practices were assessed prospectively in the Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study, a non-selected birth cohort and categorised into formula from birth or introduced <1 month, formula introduced ≥1 to <4 months and exclusive breastfeeding for ≥4 months. Infant feeding was assessed as an ordinal variable representing an increasing dose of breastmilk across the three categories. Recurrent cough was defined at 22, 26 and 32 years as ≥2 episodes of cough without a cold lasting 1 week during the past year. Covariates included participant sex, race/ethnicity and smoking as well as parental smoking, education, age and asthma. Covariates were evaluated as potential confounders for the relation between infant feeding and adult outcomes.ResultsOf the 786 participants, 19% breastfed <1 month, 50% breastfed ≥1 to <4 months and 31% breastfed ≥4 months. The prevalence of recurrent cough at 22, 26 and 32 years was 17%, 15% and 16%, respectively. Each ordinal increase in breastfeeding duration was associated with a decreased risk of recurrent cough in adult life: adjusted OR=0.71, (95% CI: 0.56 to 0.89), p=0.004. Additional adjustment for concurrent adult asthma, wheeze, smoking and lung volume did not change these results.ConclusionLonger duration of breastfeeding reduces the risk of recurrent cough in adult life, regardless of smoking and other respiratory symptoms, suggesting long-term protective effects on respiratory health.
Enhanced visible-active photocatalytic behaviors observed in Mn-doped BiFeO3
Authors: Si Yun-Hui , Xia Yu , Li Ya-Yun , Shang Shao-Ke , Xiong Xin-Bo , Zeng Xie-Rong , Zhou Ji 
Published: May 2018

A series of BiFeO3 and BiFe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and their photocatalytic activity was studied by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The band gap of BiFeO3 was significantly decreased from 2.26 eV to 1.90 eV with the doping of Mn. Furthermore, the 6% Mn-doped BiFeO3 photocatalyst exhibited the best activity with a degradation rate of 94% after irradiation for 100 min. The enhanced photocatalytic activity with Mn doping could be attributed to the enhanced optical absorption, increment of surface reactive sites and reduction of electron–hole recombination. Our results may be conducive to design more efficient photocatalysts responsive to visible light among narrow band gap semiconductors.
Work function of (001) and (00−1) surface of α-Fe2O3
Authors: He Chunshan 
Published: May 2018

The hematite surface will affect the field emission of the iron materials. This work is to investigate the work functions of (0[Formula: see text]0[Formula: see text]1) and (0[Formula: see text]0[Formula: see text]−1) surfaces of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 by using the density functional theory. In order to avoid the polarization effect, a symmetric slab model is constructed in the calculation. Their work functions are 6.10 eV and 5.49 eV, respectively.
Radiation Followed by OX40 Stimulation Drives Local and Abscopal Antitumor Effects in an Anti–PD1-Resistant Lung Tumor Model
Authors: Niknam Sharareh , Barsoumian Hampartsoum B. , Schoenhals Jonathan E. , Jackson Heather L. , Yanamandra Niranjan , Caetano Mauricio S. , Li Ailin , Younes Ahmed I. , Cadena Alexandra , Cushman Taylor R. , Chang Joe Y. , Nguyen Quynh N. , Gomez Daniel R. , Diab Adi , Heymach John V. , Hwu Patrick , Cortez Maria Angelica , Welsh James W. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Radiation is used extensively to treat localized cancer, but improved understanding of its effects on the immune system has increased interest in its potential systemic (abscopal) effects, particularly in combination with checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD1. The majority of patients either do not respond or develop resistance to monotherapy over time. Here, we investigated the efficacy of OX40 (CD134) stimulation as an alternative immunotherapeutic approach in combination with radiotherapy (XRT) in a murine model of anti–PD1-resistant lung tumors.
Experimental Design: We established a bilateral tumor model in 129Sv/Ev mice using an anti–PD1-resistant lung tumor cell line. Primary tumors were treated with intratumoral injection of an OX40 agonist antibody, given as adjuvant therapy after XRT (36 Gy in three 12-Gy fractions), whereas secondary tumors were left untreated to investigate abscopal outcomes.
Results: The combination of XRT followed by OX40 stimulation effectively inhibited local and systemic antitumor growth, limited lung metastases, and improved survival rates. This treatment regimen augmented CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell expansion. XRT induced the expression of OX40 on T cells in tumors and spleens and increased the percentages of splenic CD103+ dendritic cells.
Conclusions: Our data extend the benefits of radiation to systemic disease control, especially when combined with anti-OX40 agonist to promote immunologically mediated abscopal effects. Moreover, this study provides a rational treatment approach and sequence to overcome anti–PD1-resistant poorly immunogenic tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5735–43. ©2018 AACR.
Pattern-Specific Transcriptomics Identifies ASGR2 as a Predictor of Hematogenous Recurrence of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Tanaka Haruyoshi , Kanda Mitsuro , Miwa Takashi , Tanaka Chie , Kobayashi Daisuke , Umeda Shinichi , Shibata Masahiro , Suenaga Masaya , Hattori Norifumi , Hayashi Masamichi , Iwata Naoki , Yamada Suguru , Nakayama Goro , Fujiwara Michitaka , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Hematogenous recurrence is a challenging clinical finding that often leads to fatalities of patients with gastric cancer. Therefore, the identification of specific biomarkers and potential therapeutic target molecules for hematogenous recurrence is required to improve the outcomes of these patients. Here, transcriptome and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to uncover candidate molecules differentially expressed in patients with hematogenous recurrence of gastric cancer. One potential candidate identified was asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 (ASGR2), and siRNA experiments were conducted to determine the effect of manipulating ASGR2 expression has on cell phenotypes. ASGR2 mRNA expression analysis using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR was conducted with stage II/III gastric cancer clinical specimens (n = 95). Transcript levels were increased in gastric cancer cells as compared with a control nontumorigenic epithelial cell line. Knockdown of ASGR2 decreased the adhesion and migration potential. Thus, although gastric cancer cell–invasive activity was significantly decreased by knockdown, forced expression of ASGR2 promoted invasive activity. Using a mouse hepatic metastasis model, knockdown of ASGR2 resulted in the absence of hepatic metastasis formation. High ASGR2 expression in primary gastric cancer tissues was an independent predictor of shorter disease-free and overall survival. Finally, patients with high ASGR2 expression were more likely to have a high cumulative rate of hematogenous recurrence but not peritoneal or nodal recurrence.
Implications: ASGR2 expression is associated with the malignant phenotypes in gastric cancer and represents a specific biomarker of hematogenous recurrences after curative resection for gastric cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 16(9); 1420–9. ©2018 AACR.
Cancer as a Social Dysfunction—Why Cancer Research Needs New Thinking
Authors: Axelrod Robert , Pienta Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The incidence and mortality for many cancers continue to rise. As such, critical action is needed on many fronts to reshape how a society thinks, discusses, and fights cancer especially as the population grows and ages. Cancer can be described as a broken social contract that requires different conceptual frameworks such as game theory. To this end, it is our hope that this perspective will catalyze a discussion to rethink the way we approach, communicate, and fund cancer research; thinking of cancer as a broken social contract is only one example. Importantly, this endeavor will require infusion of ideas from other fields such as physics, computational medicine, complexity science, agent-based modeling, sociology, and ecology, all of which have the capacity to drive new insights into cancer biology and clinical medicine. Mol Cancer Res; 16(9); 1346–7. ©2018 AACR.
A 0.01° Resolving TRMM PR Precipitation Climatology
Authors: Hirose M. , Okada K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, rainfall data are prepared at a 0.01° scale using 16-yr spaceborne radar data over the area of 36.13°S–36.13°N as provided by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR). A spatial resolution that is finer than the field of view is obtained by assuming rainfall uniformity within an instantaneous footprint centered on the PR footprint geolocation. These ultra-high-resolution data reveal local rainfall concentrations over slope areas. A new estimate of the maximum rainfall at Cherrapunji, India, was observed on the valley side, approximately 5 km east of the gauge station, and is approximately 50% higher than the value indicated by the 0.1°-scale data. A case study of Yakushima Island, Japan, indicates that several percent of the sampling error arising from the spatial mismatch may be contained in conventional 0.05°-scale datasets generated without footprint areal information. The differences attributable to the enhancement in the resolution are significant in complex terrain such as the Himalayas. The differences in rainfall averaged for the 0.1° and 0.01° scales exceed 10 mm day−1 over specific slope areas. In the case of New Guinea, the mean rainfall on a mountain ridge can be 30 times smaller than that on an adjacent slope at a distance of 0.25°; this is not well represented by other high-resolution datasets based on gauges and infrared radiometers. The substantial nonuniformity of rainfall climatology highlights the need for a better understanding of kilometer-scale geographic constraints on rainfall and retrieval approaches.
Kinematics and Microphysics of Convection in the Outer Rainband of Typhoon Nida (2016) Revealed by Polarimetric Radar
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhao Kun , Kumjian Matthew R. , Chen Xiaomin , Huang Hao , Wang Mingjun , Didlake Anthony C. , Duan Yihong , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study analyzes the microphysics of convective cells in an outer rainband of Typhoon Nida (2016) using data collected by a newly upgraded operational polarimetric radar in China. The life cycle of these convective cells is divided into three stages: developing, mature, and decaying according to the intensity of the corresponding updraft. Composite analysis shows that deep columns of ZDR and KDP collocate well with the enhanced updraft as the cells develop to their mature stage. A layered microphysical structure is observed in the ice region with riming near the −5°C level within the updraft, aggregation around the −15°C level, and deposition anywhere above the 0°C level. These ice-phase microphysical processes are important pathways of particle growth in the outer rainbands. In particular, riming contributes significantly to surface heavy rainfall. These contrast to previously documented inner rainbands, where warm-rain processes are the predominant pathway of particle growth.
Correcting Storm Displacement Errors in Ensembles Using the Feature Alignment Technique (FAT)
Authors: Stratman Derek R. , Potvin Corey K. , Wicker Louis J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA goal of Warn-on-Forecast (WoF) is to develop forecasting systems that produce accurate analyses and forecasts of severe weather to be utilized in operational warning settings. Recent WoF-related studies have indicated the need to alleviate storm displacement errors in both analyses and forecasts. A potential solution to reduce these errors is the feature alignment technique (FAT), which mitigates displacement errors between observations and model fields while satisfying constraints. This study merges the FAT with a local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) and uses observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) to vet the FAT as a potential alleviator of forecast errors arising from storm displacement errors. An idealized truth run of a supercell on a 250-m grid is used to generate pseudoradar observations, which are assimilated onto a 2-km grid using a 50-member ensemble to produce analyses and forecasts of the supercell. The FAT uses composite reflectivity to generate a 2D field of displacement vectors that is used to align the model variables with the observations prior to each analysis cycle. The FAT is tested by displacing the initial model background fields from the observations or modifying the environmental wind profile to create a storm motion bias in the forecast cycles. The FAT–LETKF performance is evaluated and compared to that of the LETKF alone. The FAT substantially reduces errors in storm intensity, location, and structure during data assimilation and subsequent forecasts. These supercell OSSEs provide the foundation for future experiments with real data and more complex events.
The Impact of Quality of Institutions on Sectoral FDI
Authors: Ahmad Mohsin Hasnain , Ahmed Qazi Masood , Atiq Zeeshan 
Published: May 2018

This study addresses the issue whether institutional quality affects the sectoral FDI both in short run and long run in Pakistan. By employing ARDL co-integration technique, we analyse the impact of institutional quality on primary, manufacturing and services sectors FDI in Pakistan. The findings suggest that institutional quality matters in attracting FDI in manufacturing and services sectors in the long run while institutional quality does not have a significant impact on FDI in the primary sector. Moreover, results show that the impact of institutional quality on these sectors is not apparent in short run. The main findings from this research are that in long run institutional quality matters to attract substantial FDI in manufacturing and services sector of Pakistan. Hence, policies aimed at strengthening the institutional quality should be the priority for government. JEL: F21, O43, C22
PET/CT analysis of 21 patients with breast cancer: physiological distribution of 18F-choline and diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Ahmad Saad Fathinul Fikri , Zakaria Mohd Hazeman , Appanna Bahunu 
Published: May 2018

Objectives 18F-choline is a useful tracer for detecting tumours with high lipogenesis. Knowledge of its biodistribution pattern is essential to recognise physiological variants. The aim of this study was to describe the physiologic distribution of 18F-choline and pitfalls in patients with breast cancer. Methods Twenty-one consecutive patients with breast cancer (10 premenopausal and 11 postmenopausal women; mean age, 52.82 ± 10.71 years) underwent 18F-choline positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for staging. Whole-body PET/CT was acquired after 40 minutes of 18F-choline uptake. Acquired PET images were measured semiquantitatively. Results All patients showed pitfalls unrelated to breast cancer. These findings were predominantly caused by physiological glandular uptake in the liver, spleen, pancreas, bowels, axial skeleton (85%-100%), inflammation and benign changes (4.76%), appendicular skeleton (4.76%–19.049%), and site contamination (61.9%). In <1%, a concomitant metastatic neoplasm was found. The breast showed higher physiological uptake in premenopausal compared with postmenopausal woman (18F-choline maximum standardised uptake values [g/dL] of the right breast = 2.04 ± 0.404 vs 1.59 ± 0.97 and left breast = 2.00 ± 0.56 vs 1.93 ± 1.28, respectively). Conclusion 18F-choline uptake was higher in premenopausal women. Physiological 18F-choline uptake was observed in many sites, representing possible pathologies.
Cognitive and physical function of people older than 80 years in China from 1998 to 2014
Authors: Hu Xiaoqian , Zeng Yuhang , Zhen Xuemei , Zhang Hao , Li Yuanyuan , Gu Shuyan , Dong Hengjin 
Published: May 2018

Objectives This study was performed to describe the health status of Chinese oldest-old individuals aged ≥80 years from 1998 to 2014 and explore differences in their health status based on demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status. Methods Data were obtained from the seven waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The Mini Mental State Examination, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, and chair stand test were used to examine cognitive and physical function. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the changes in health outcomes. Results Regression results showed increasing cognitive impairment trends and decreasing disability trends, indicating that the oldest-old individuals had worse body function in more recent years. Older people and women had a weaker health status. Rural elders had better physical performance but worse cognitive function. Participants with an education had better overall functioning. Individuals with severe disability had the shortest survival time among the study population. Conclusions From 1998 to 2014, the health status of oldest-old individuals was relatively stable in China. These findings indicate the need for specific and continuing attention to the oldest-old population to improve their health condition.
Adaptation of the Contraceptive Behavior Scale for Mexican Heterosexual Populations
Authors: Arias María Luisa Flores , Champion Jane Dimmitt , Soto Norma Elva Sáenz , Navarro Vianet Nava , Caudillo Ortega Lucia 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: The Contraceptive Behavior Scale requires adaptation for use by health professionals among Mexican heterosexual populations of reproductive age. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational design assessed adaptation of the Contraceptive Behavior Scale. Results: Six hundred Mexican men and women of reproductive age (18-35 years) were recruited from a second-level health care unit in a metropolitan area in Mexico. Exploratory factor analysis identified two factors with an explanatory variance of 69.238%. Confirmatory factor analysis identified acceptable index values. Cronbach alpha of .729 obtained for the scale was acceptable. Significant correlation ( p = .007) was observed between Contraceptive Conduct and participant gender. Component 1 constituted Items 1, 2, and 4, while Component 2 consisted of Items 3 and 5. No items were eliminated as adequate factorial saturation was present. Conclusions: The Contraceptive Conduct Scale is a reliable assessment tool for Mexican men and women of reproductive age. This scale is potentially useful for health professionals to assess contraceptive behavior in heterosexual couples of reproductive age. Clinicians may use the tool to obtain information for development of strategies responding to sexual and reproductive health needs of both men and women.