bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological And Psychopathological Profile Of Anti-Nmdar Encephalitis: A Possible Pathophysiological Model For Pediatric Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Cainelli Elisa , Nosadini Margherita , Sartori Stefano , Suppiej Agnese 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAnti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe, but treatable, autoimmune disorder, characterized by autoantibodies causing hypofunction of blocking NMDA receptors leading to a unique constellation of cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms. Neuropsychological and psychopathological outcome has not been fully explored, particularly in children. Aim of this study was to investigate pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis as a model of impairment of the complex frontal-subcortical circuits who are implicated in several of the childhood neuropsychiatric disorders.MethodSeven children diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis at our department underwent an evaluation of the global mental functioning before discharge, a neuropsychological and psychological/behavioral standardized examination within one month after discharge and subsequently were followed up longitudinally for mean 35 months (range 24–48 months). Collected neuropsychological data were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsDeficits in attention, executive functions and/or visual motor functions involving executive functions were seen in all children within one month after discharge. These deficits were long lasting in about a half of the patients. In addition, four patients developed persistent psychopathological dysfunctions: difficulties to regulate their own behavior, impulsivity, hyperactivity, irritability, apathy, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.ConclusionsOur data are in line with research suggesting a crucial role of the executive functions impairments in cognitive outcome disturbance of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We found also behavioral and psychological deficits pointing to a more comprehensive framework of frontal-subcortical dysfunction, in which the NMDA mediated transmission appear to have a role, as suggested by neurobiological, pharmacological, and neuroimaging studies.
Assessing the incremental value of new biomarkers based on OR rules
Authors: Wang Lu , Luedtke Alexander R , Huang Ying 
Published: October 2018

Summary
In early detection of disease, a single biomarker often has inadequate classification performance, making it important to identify new biomarkers to combine with the existing marker for improved performance. A biologically natural method for combining biomarkers is to use logic rules, e.g., the OR/AND rules. In our motivating example of early detection of pancreatic cancer, the established biomarker CA19-9 is only present in a subclass of cancers; it is of interest to identify new biomarkers present in the other subclasses and declare disease when either marker is positive. While there has been research on developing biomarker combinations using the OR/AND rules, inference regarding the incremental value of the new marker within this framework is lacking and challenging due to statistical non-regularity. In this article, we aim to answer the inferential question of whether combining the new biomarker achieves better classification performance than using the existing biomarker alone, based on a nonparametrically estimated OR rule that maximizes the weighted average of sensitivity and specificity. We propose and compare various procedures for testing the incremental value of the new biomarker and constructing its confidence interval, using bootstrap, cross-validation, and a novel fuzzy p-value-based technique. We compare the performance of different methods via extensive simulation studies and apply them to the pancreatic cancer example.
Voluntary Wheel Running Exercise Evoked by Food-Restriction Stress Exacerbates Weight Loss of Adolescent Female Rats But Also Promotes Resilience by Enhancing GABAergic Inhibition of Pyramidal Neurons in the Dorsal Hippocampus
Authors: Chowdhury Tara G , Wable Gauri S , Chen Yi-Wen , Tateyama Kei , Yu Irene , Wang Jia-Yi , Reyes Alex D , Aoki Chiye 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdolescence is marked by increased vulnerability to mental disorders and maladaptive behaviors, including anorexia nervosa. Food-restriction (FR) stress evokes foraging, which translates to increased wheel running exercise (EX) for caged rodents, a maladaptive behavior, since it does not improve food access and exacerbates weight loss. While almost all adolescent rodents increase EX following FR, some then become resilient by suppressing EX by the second–fourth FR day, which minimizes weight loss. We asked whether GABAergic plasticity in the hippocampus may underlie this gain in resilience. In vitro slice physiology revealed doubling of pyramidal neurons’ GABA response in the dorsal hippocampus of food-restricted animals with wheel access (FR + EX for 4 days), but without increase of mIPSC amplitudes. mIPSC frequency increased by 46%, but electron microscopy revealed no increase in axosomatic GABAergic synapse number onto pyramidal cells and only a modest increase (26%) of GABAergic synapse lengths. These changes suggest increase of vesicular release probability and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and unsilencing of GABAergic synapses. GABAergic synapse lengths correlated with individual’s suppression of wheel running and weight loss. These analyses indicate that EX can have dual roles—exacerbate weight loss but also promote resilience to some by dampening hippocampal excitability.
Non-steroids anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of peritonsillar abscess in pharyngitis: a French longitudinal study in primary care†
Authors: Piroulas Cedric , Devillers Louise , Souty Cecile , Sicsic Jonathan , Boisnault Philippe , François Mathilde 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
The safety of non-steroids anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the context of pharyngitis is doubtful with contradictory results in the literature.

Objective
To evaluate the risk of peritonsillar abscess (PTA) associated to NSAIDs consumption during a pharyngitis episode observed in primary care.

Method
A retrospective cohort study using Observatory of General Medicine Datalink from 1995 to 2010. All patients consulting a GP from the Datalink network for pharyngitis have been included. The occurrence of a PTA in the 15 days following the consultation for pharyngitis was matched. The association between PTA and prescriptions of NSAIDs was studied via an adjusted logistic regression model.

Results
During the study period, 105 802 cases of pharyngitis and 48 cases of PTA following a pharyngitis were reported, concerning respectively 67 765 and 47 patients. In the multivariate analysis, the risk of PTA was associated positively with a NSAIDs prescription (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.6–5.2). Other factors associated with PTA occurrence were the prescription of corticosteroids (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.3–7.6) and an age between 20 and 40 years (OR = 5.7, 95% CI = 2.5–13.0). The prescription of antibiotics was not significantly associated with PTA (P = 0.7).

Conclusion
Prescription of NSAIDs in pharyngitis may increase the risk of PTA. This study encourages considering cautiously the balance between benefits and harms before prescription of NSAIDs for pharyngitis.
Local cod (Gadus morhua) revealed by egg surveys and population genetic analysis after longstanding depletion on the Swedish Skagerrak coast
Authors: Svedäng Henrik , Barth Julia M I , Svenson Anders , Jonsson Patrik , Jentoft Sissel , Knutsen Halvor , André Carl 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDramatic and persistent reductions in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) are common in many coastal areas. While offshore cod stocks still were abundant and productive, the Swedish west coast showed signs of diminishing adult cod abundance at the beginning of the 1980s, where the local cod component was considered to be extirpated. To survey the present cod spawning activity and stock composition, we initiated egg trawling over two consecutive years (203 hauls in total) in combination with population genetic analyses (425 individually genotyped eggs). Here, we provide evidence of cod spawning at the Swedish Skagerrak coast, suggesting recolonization or that local cod has recovered from a nearly depleted state. Early stage eggs were found inside fjords too far to have been transported by oceanic drift from offshore spawning areas. The cod eggs were genetically similar in early to late life-stages and cluster mainly with the local adult cod, indicating that eggs and adults belong to the same genetic unit. The cod eggs were genetically differentiated from adult North Sea cod, and, to a lesser degree, also from the Kattegat and Öresund cod, i.e. indicating a possible recovery of local coastal stock. The patterns of the genetic structure in the inshore areas are, however, difficult to fully disentangle, as Atlantic cod in the North Sea-Skagerrak area seem to be a mixture of co-existing forms: local cod completing their entire life cycle in fjords and sheltered areas, and oceanic populations showing homing behaviours. The egg abundances are considerably lower compared with what is found in similar studies along the Norwegian Skagerrak coast. Nevertheless, the discovery of locally spawning cod along the Swedish west coast—although at low biomasses—is an encouraging finding that highlights the needs for endurance in protective measures and of detailed surveys to secure intraspecific biodiversity and ecosystem services.
An Application of Collapsing Levels to the Representation Theory of Affine Vertex Algebras
Authors: Adamović Dražen , Kac Victor G , Möseneder Frajria Pierluigi , Papi Paolo , Perše Ozren 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We discover a large class of simple affine vertex algebras $V_{k} ({\mathfrak{g}})$, associated to basic Lie superalgebras ${\mathfrak{g}}$ at non-admissible collapsing levels $k$, having exactly one irreducible ${\mathfrak{g}}$-locally finite module in the category ${\mathcal O}$. In the case when ${\mathfrak{g}}$ is a Lie algebra, we prove a complete reducibility result for $V_k({\mathfrak{g}})$-modules at an arbitrary collapsing level. We also determine the generators of the maximal ideal in the universal affine vertex algebra $V^k ({\mathfrak{g}})$ at certain negative integer levels. Considering some conformal embeddings in the simple affine vertex algebras $V_{-1/2} (C_n)$ and $V_{-4}(E_7)$, we surprisingly obtain the realization of non-simple affine vertex algebras of types $B$ and $D$ having exactly one nontrivial ideal.
Designing a medication timeline for patients and physicians
Authors: Belden Jeffery L , Wegier Pete , Patel Jennifer , Hutson Andrew , Plaisant Catherine , Moore Joi L , Lowrance Nathan J , Boren Suzanne A , Koopman Richelle J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveMost electronic health records display historical medication information only in a data table or clinician notes. We designed a medication timeline visualization intended to improve ease of use, speed, and accuracy in the ambulatory care of chronic disease.Materials and MethodsWe identified information needs for understanding a patient medication history, then applied human factors and interaction design principles to support that process. After research and analysis of existing medication lists and timelines to guide initial requirements, we hosted design workshops with multidisciplinary stakeholders to expand on our initial concepts. Subsequent core team meetings used an iterative user-centered design approach to refine our prototype. Finally, a small pilot evaluation of the design was conducted with practicing physicians.ResultsWe propose an open-source online prototype that incorporates user feedback from initial design workshops, and broad multidisciplinary audience feedback. We describe the applicable design principles associated with each of the prototype’s key features. A pilot evaluation of the design showed improved physician performance in 5 common medication-related tasks, compared to tabular presentation of the same information.DiscussionThere is industry interest in developing medication timelines based on the example prototype concepts. An open, standards-based technology platform could enable developers to create a medication timeline that could be deployable across any compatible health IT application.ConclusionThe design goal was to improve physician understanding of a patient’s complex medication history, using a medication timeline visualization. Such a design could reduce temporal and cognitive load on physicians for improved and safer care.
From Refugees to Trans-local Entrepreneurs: Crossing the Borders between Formal Institutions and Informal Practices in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Halilovich Hariz , Efendić Nirha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on the former war refugees, who (partly) returned to their homeland Bosnia and Herzegovina and became significant investors in their local communities. We are particularly interested in their experiences with manoeuvring between different countries and institutional environments, as these refugee entrepreneurs are running their businesses simultaneously in developed European economies (Switzerland and Sweden) and in their home country. Although the two companies run by the former refugees described in the article are located in the areas that remain divided along the ethnic lines caused by the war (Srebrenica and Banja Luka), we find that the post-war returnees’ businesses are ethnically tolerant and inclusive, sending a powerful message to the formal institutions, which often act in the opposite way.
Low magnesium diet aggravates phosphate-induced kidney injury
Authors: Sakaguchi Yusuke , Hamano Takayuki , Matsui Isao , Oka Tatsufumi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Kubota Keiichi , Shimada Karin , Matsumoto Ayumi , Hashimoto Nobuhiro , Isaka Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Magnesium is known to protect against phosphate-induced tubular cell injuries in vitro. We investigated in vivo effects of magnesium on kidney injuries and phosphate metabolism in mice exposed to a high phosphate diet.

Methods
Heminephrectomized mice were maintained on a high phosphate/normal magnesium diet or a high phosphate/low magnesium diet for 6 weeks. We compared renal histology, phosphaturic hormones and renal α-Klotho expression between the two diet groups.

Results
High phosphate diet–induced tubular injuries and interstitial fibrosis were remarkably aggravated by the low-magnesium diet. At 1 week after high phosphate feeding when serum creatinine levels were similar between the two groups, the low magnesium diet suppressed not only fecal phosphate excretion but also urinary phosphate excretion, resulting in increased serum phosphate levels. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were not appropriately elevated in the low magnesium diet group despite lower 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and serum calcium levels compared with the normal magnesium diet group. Although fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels were lower in the low magnesium diet group, calcitriol-induced upregulation of FGF23 could not restore the impaired urinary phosphate excretion. The low magnesium diet markedly downregulated α-Klotho expression in the kidney. This downregulation of α-Klotho occurred even when mice were fed the low phosphate diet.

Conclusions
A low magnesium diet aggravated high phosphate diet–induced kidney injuries. Impaired PTH secretion and downregulation of renal α-Klotho were likely to be involved in the blunted urinary phosphate excretion by the low magnesium diet. Increasing dietary magnesium may be useful to attenuate phosphate-induced kidney injury.
Genetics and epigenetics in primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Imgenberg-Kreuz Juliana , Rasmussen Astrid , Sivils Kathy , Nordmark Gunnel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrimary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is considered to be a multifactorial disease, where underlying genetic predisposition, epigenetic mechanisms and environmental factors contribute to disease development. In the last 5 years, the first genome-wide association studies in pSS have been completed. The strongest signal of association lies within the HLA genes, whereas the non-HLA genes IRF5 and STAT4 show consistent associations in multiple ethnicities but with a smaller effect size. The majority of the genetic risk variants are found at intergenic regions and their functional impact has in most cases not been elucidated. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs play a role in the pathogenesis of pSS by their modulating effects on gene expression and may constitute a dynamic link between the genome and phenotypic manifestations. This article reviews the hitherto published genetic studies and our current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in pSS.
Individualized Metacognitive Training (MCT+) Reduces Delusional Symptoms in Psychosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Balzan Ryan P , Mattiske Julie K , Delfabbro Paul , Liu Dennis , Galletly Cherrie 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Individualized metacognitive training (MCT+) is a novel psychotherapy that has been designed to specifically target delusional beliefs in people with psychosis. It works by developing an awareness of the implausible content of delusional beliefs, while also targeting the cognitive biases that contribute to their formation and maintenance. It was expected that MCT+ would lead to significantly greater reductions in delusional severity compared to a cognitive remediation (CR) active control condition. A total of 54 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and active delusions were randomized into four 2-hourly sessions of MCT+ (n = 27) or CR (n = 27). All participants completed posttreatment assessment, and only 2 participants did not complete 6-month follow-up assessment, resulting in MCT+ (n = 26) and CR (n = 26) for final analysis. The primary outcome measures of delusional and positive symptom severity were assessed rater-blind; secondary outcome assessment was non-blinded and included clinical and cognitive insight, the jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias, and cognitive functioning. Participants in the MCT+ condition showed significant reductions in delusional and overall positive symptom severity (large effect) and improved clinical insight (moderate effect) relative to CR controls. In contrast, CR controls showed moderate improvement in problem-solving ability relative to MCT+, but no other cognitive domain. Importantly, these findings were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The study adds further efficacy to the MCT program, and suggests that even brief psychotherapy can help to ameliorate the symptoms of psychosis.
A Framework to Assist Providers in the Management of Patients with Chronic, Nonhealing Wounds
Authors: Howell Raelina S. , Gorenstein Scott , Gillette Brian M. , DiGregorio Julie , Criscitelli Theresa , Davitz Matthew Sontag , Woods Jon S. , Acerra Michael , Brem Harold 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The care of patients with nonhealing wounds involves a host of treatment modalities. The authors developed a wound-specific framework to enhance provider management of these wounds and a summary sheet to involve patients and caregivers in their own healthcare to improve treatment adherence and outcomes. Implementing evidence-based practice for chronic wounds enables corrective actions to optimize care.

GENERAL PURPOSE:
To describe the development of an evidence-based wound electronic medical record (WEMR) framework for providers to execute timely, protocol-based, best-practice care for patients with chronic, nonhealing wounds.

TARGET AUDIENCE:
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES:
After completing this continuing education activity, you should be better able to:
Student Self-Efficacy of Learning Using Illness Scripts
Authors: Lee Jamie D. , Bagnardi Margaret 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Student self-efficacy of learning after using illness scripts is described as an innovative strategy to teach clinical reasoning in an online pathophysiology and pharmacology course for RN to BSN students. Using illness scripts, students cluster relevant clinical features together to develop a plan of care while developing pattern recognition and expertise. A demographic survey, the student self-efficacy scale, and open-ended questions were administered to a convenience sample of students enrolled in the course. A high self-efficacy of learning was found over all student self-efficacy scale items (M = 8.94, SD = 0.24).
Creating a Global Community of Learners in Nursing and Beyond: Caring Science, Mindful Practice MOOC
Authors: Sitzman Kathleen L. , Jensen Andrea , Chan Sang 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

AIM
The aim was to examine the usefulness of a massive open online course (MOOC) on caring and mindfulness to a broad international audience that included nurses, allied health professionals, and others.

BACKGROUND
MOOCs in higher education have been evident since 2008. Very few MOOCs on nursing topics have appeared since that time. Exploration was needed regarding how MOOCs could be employed to share nursing knowledge with national and international communities.

METHOD
Two “Caring Science, Mindful Practice” MOOC sessions were examined. Demographics, learner satisfaction, course flow, and perceived usefulness of content were analyzed.

RESULTS
Learners from varied backgrounds participated. Higher than expected course activity levels and completion rates suggested effective learner engagement. Excellent course ratings demonstrated that content and delivery methods were effective. Active learners communicated specific plans to apply new knowledge in the future.

CONCLUSION
MOOCs facilitate learning where participants learn about topics of interest in nursing and beyond.
The Lived Experience in the Clinical Setting of Nursing Students With Disabilities
Authors: Luckowski Amy 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

AIM
This qualitative study utilizes Moustakas’s psychological phenomenology to explore the lived experiences in the clinical setting of nursing students with disabilities.

BACKGROUND
Overall, the numbers of college students with disabilities are increasing, and more students with disabilities are being admitted into nursing programs.

METHOD
A purposive sample of 13 junior and senior baccalaureate nursing students with self-declared disabilities from two Northeastern baccalaureate nursing programs were interviewed.

FINDINGS
Five main themes and 12 subthemes emerged from the data. The main themes are: masking a disability, revealing a disability, affecting clinical experiences, overcoming challenges in clinical, and sharing experiences with others. The findings include: missing out on clinical experiences, limiting clinical performance, and developing strategies to adapt to a disability. Discrimination was found to exist for nursing students with disabilities who realized that they were now responsible for managing their disabilities

CONCLUSION
Recommendations are offered for faculty orientation programs and disability services offices.
The Effect of Human Patient Simulators on Knowledge and Self-Competence in Graduating Prelicensure Nursing Students
Authors: Centrella-Nigro Andrea M. , Blackwell Barbara , Coughlin Arlene , Voorhees Karen Ann 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This research studied the effects of using human patient simulation (HPS) on knowledge and perceived self-competence in prelicensure students in a two-year nursing program. MED-SURG BKAT scores and a self-competence visual analog scale from two cohorts (one without HPS and one with HPS over two years) were compared. A significant difference was found in self-competence scores for the HPS cohort compared to the non-HPS cohort. Knowledge scores did not differ significantly. Limitations of this study include a relatively small sample size and using one school of nursing.