bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphy and Mineralogy of the Oxfordian Lower Smackover Formation in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Brand John H. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Oxfordian Smackover Formation is generally acknowledged to be a hydrocarbon source for numerous reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico, both onshore and offshore. More than 25 wells in the eastern Gulf of Mexico have penetrated the Smackover since 2003. Offshore, the Smackover consists predominantly of limestone and shale containing thin organic layers. Immediately above the lower Smackover is a widespread shale marker. This thin shale is correlated as the base of the upper Smackover Formation, which consists of interbedded shale and limestone.
This study will demonstrate that the lower Smackover Formation in the eastern Gulf of Mexico (Mississippi Canyon and De Soto Canyon offshore areas) is composed of a series of seven units that occur in the same sequence in virtually every well in which the lower Smackover has been encountered. Although the seven individual units can be resolved readily with the proper wireline suite, each has a sub-seismic thickness. The overall thickness of the lower Smackover is about 300 +/-100 feet. Unlike the lower Smackover, the surrounding Mesozoic formations, from Cotton Valley to Norphlet, vary greatly in thickness in the eastern Gulf.
The initial correlations of the units in the lower Smackover were made by comparing the gamma ray, resistivity, and density log patterns with the computed mineralogy of Elemental Capture Spectroscopy (ECS) wireline logs. It was immediately obvious that the same sequence of beds/units was present in the lower Smackover in well after well. Within the lower Smackover Formation is a conspicuous zone characterized by iron-bearing minerals having a matrix density in excess of 3.0 g/cm3 throughout.
However, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data from rotary sidewall cores was necessary to validate the mineralogy. Because the mineralogy of the ECS log is a model-based calculation from the elemental concentrations of iron, calcium, aluminum, etc,. rather than a direct measurement, the modeled mineralogy can be inaccurate as was the case in the bottom two units.
Mineralogy of the seven units has been verified by XRD analyses, albeit from a limited number of rotary sidewall cores obtained in only five wells. The top three units are limestones which vary in carbonate, clay, and pyrite content. The fourth and fifth units contain significant amounts of high density minerals, particularly siderite and pyrite. The sixth zone is dominated by anhydrite. The seventh unit is a hematite-rich shale and its base is an unconformity.
Although wireline data are plentiful, analysis of the seven units within the lower Smackover is hampered by the limited amount of rock data and the complete lack of whole core. Many depositional and geochemical questions suggested by the unusual mineralogy and sequence of beds remain unanswered.
The Siliciclastic Upper Cretaceous Play of Eastern Mississippi Canyon
Authors: Harding Andrew , Walker Luke , Ehlinger Steve , Chapman Tim 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The eastern Mississippi Canyon area has been largely a Miocene oil and gas province in which recent discoveries in the Jurassic Norphlet Formation have been made. This paper focuses on a nascent Cretaceous play targeting the eastern Tuscaloosa fan comprised of large symmetric and asymmetric structures created by an expulsion-rollover system in the pre-Miocene interval. The top of the Cretaceous interval is found between 15,000’ and 27,000’, is up to 15,000’ thick, and is underlain by a mature Tithonian source rock. The play extends downdip from the Cretaceous shelf edge and the reservoir is interpreted to be the equivalent of the Tuscaloosa Formation of onshore South Louisiana. This paper will examine the idea that the central Cretaceous basin is in the optimal zone for the trend of appropriate subsurface temperatures, depth, and significantly expanded reservoir section in the Upper and Lower Cretaceous intervals.
Detrital Zircon Evidence for Amazonian Provenance of Upper Jurassic Norphlet Formation in North Central Gulf, Mobile Bay: Implications for Paleoriver Systems in South and Central America
Authors: Sonnet Gomes , Amy Weislogel , David Barbeau 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Detrital zircon from the Upper Jurassic Norphlet Formation in the vicinity of Mobile Bay, AL reflects a Laurentian provenance, with U-Pb age populations including dominant Paleozoic (265-490 Ma) and Grenville (950-1250 Ma) age. Twenty-three zircon grains from a sandstone sample recovered from the upper part of the Norphlet formation in well permit# 9863-OS-46-B show a population of 850-920 Ma zircon that is not observed in stratigraphically older samples. As there are very few sources for zircon of this age in southeastern United States, we interpret derivation from either the Goiás magmatic arc of Brazil; the conglomeratic sandstone of the eastern Yucatan peninsula; and/or Mixteca terrain of Mexico as probable sources. Previous study of 850-920 Ma zircon grains from the Goiás magmatic arc shows an origin from a depleted mantle without any crustal contamination (Hf(t)= +8 to +12); however, the same age zircons in eastern Yucatan and Mixteca terrain indicate crystallization from magmas having a strong crustal signature (Hf(t)= -3.2 to -3.8). Detrital Neoproterozoic zircon grains in the Norphlet Formation shows a wide Hf(t) range (-5.1 to +11.9) for the 850-920 Ma zircons, indicating sediments influx to the Gulf of Mexico basin during late Norphlet time was a mix of material from all of these sources during the Norphlet deposition. We propose that sediments from the Goiás magmatic arc probably were transported to the Mixteca terrain through a paleo-fluvial system; given the proximity of Mixteca terrain to southern North America during Late-Early Jurassic, we infer that erosion of Mixteca terrane sedimentary rocks supplied sediment to the Norphlet erg in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Alternately, the Neoproterozoic grains may have been derived directly from the Goiás arc and transported to the eastern Gulf of Mexico by a proto-Orinoco river that developed during Jurassic-Early Cretaceous time.
New Models of Early Cretaceous Source-to-Sink Pathways in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Snedden John W. , Bovay Ann Caroline , Xu J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study provides an assessment of two source-to-sink sediment routing systems of the Early Cretaceous and highlights sedimentologic changes that occurred in response to major tectonic reorganization of the eastern Gulf of Mexico during the Valanginian-Hauterivian stages. Depth-imaged 2D and 3D seismic data, well log correlation, sand grain size, and detrital zircon U-Pb data obtained from the Valanginian intervals of the cores of a key well, facilitates source-to-sink analysis of Early Cretaceous deep-water deposits, as well as construction of a new depositional model of Hosston equivalent-siliciclastics previously investigated only in the western Gulf of Mexico onshore areas.
U-Pb dating of detrital zircon grains suggests that Hosston siliciclastics observed in the 200-km-long base-of-slope sandy progradational delta-fed apron at the Florida Escarpment originated in a peninsular Florida source terrane – the Ocala Arch. Interpretation of 3D seismic data with nearby well control also allows conclusions to be drawn about the Appalachian-sourced Hosston fan system in Mississippi Canyon. This Appa-lachian-sourced sandy fan is believed to have terminated updip of a series of salt-related asymmetric expulsion rollovers, although we know sediment accommodation in these inverted basins was not confined to the Valanginian-Hauterivian age Hosston interval and extended from the Jurassic Cotton Valley-Bossier supersequence to the Late Cretaceous Navarro-Taylor supersequence. Two plausible models of Appa-lachian-sourced fan length are considered, incorporating calculations of salt rafting to estimate a best-case scenario fan length of 90-km, while a more probable fan geometry is determined from seismic observations and well control, yielding a Valanginian-Hauterivian submarine fan of 70-km length. The study presents a new paleogeographic model, with special focus on the eastern Gulf of Mexico and the interpreted sand-prone fan and progradational delta-fed apron. It also provides a robust model for source to sink transport during a critical phase of Gulf of Mexico basin evolution. The shorter fan length calculated in this study suggest the majority of asymmetric expulsion rollovers in Mississippi Canyon are either sandstone-poor or were sourced from a different, likely younger, source-to-sink system (e.g., Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian-Turonian-age Tuscaloosa fluvial system).
Deep-Seated Dynamics Including Crust and Upper Mantle Impacting Hydrocarbon Localization Within Sediment-Filled Basins
Authors: Adams Rich , Lowrie Allen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Hydrocarbons occur within sediments in basins within the uppermost crust. Localization is affected by regional temperature and pressure gradients as well as anomalies in sediment distribution; porosity and permeability; and breakages (faults, joints and fractures) in both soft and hard materials. In our search for these hydrocarbons, we map and record geophysical and geochemical anomalies, generally caused by sediment and crustal tectonics. Many of these in turn appear influenced and guided by lower crust-upper mantle interactions that include, among others, buoyant mantle plumes and lateral plate tectonics. In order to better understand how such a total geologic system operates, it is necessary to think of this entire sediment - basin - crust - upper mantle complex as a single unit. We must seek new and pertinent explanations for hydrocarbon occurrences including these mantle and crust influences as we extend our exploration models into new frontiers.
In summary, the cumulative actions of the entire geologic system including upper mantle to upper crust create forces and dynamics capable of modifying overlying basins and hydrocarbon-bearing sediments recording these underlying forces. We suggest that the whole petroleum system concept needs examination in light of upper mantle and crust dynamics.
With mantle plumes causing the Late Triassic North Atlantic Rifting, the evolutionary scenario here is appropriate explanation for continental rifting followed by basin initiation and subsequent deepening and in-filling and locating hydrocarbons. Plume and crust interactions and derivatives are a constant input impacting hydrocarbon formation.
João Goulart nas páginas d´O Estado de Mato Grosso (1961-1964)
Authors: Sotana Edvaldo Correa 
Published: April 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo geral discutir as relações entre imprensa e o golpe civil-militar de 1964. Nos últimos anos, pesquisadores investigaram as práticas e expedientes utilizados pela “grande imprensa” para desgastar a imagem do presidente Goulart, enfraquecer seu governo e pavimentar a chegada dos militares ao poder. Ao contrário, poucos estudos se ocuparam da posição editorial dos jornais produzidos na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Portanto, este artigo visa discutir o material jornalístico sobre João Goulart e seu governo veiculado pelo jornal O Estado de Mato Grosso entre agosto de 1961 e abril de 1964. Palavras-chave: Imprensa. Golpe Civil-Militar de 1964. O Estado de Mato Grosso.
Training-induced increase in Achilles tendon stiffness affects tendon strain pattern during running
Authors: Werkhausen Amelie , Cronin Neil J. , Albracht Kirsten , Paulsen Gøran , Larsen Askild V. , Bojsen-Møller Jens , Seynnes Olivier R. 
Published: April 2019

Background
During the stance phase of running, the elasticity of the Achilles tendon enables the utilisation of elastic energy and allows beneficial contractile conditions for the triceps surae muscles. However, the effect of changes in tendon mechanical properties induced by chronic loading is still poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that a training-induced increase in Achilles tendon stiffness would result in reduced tendon strain during the stance phase of running, which would reduce fascicle strains in the triceps surae muscles, particularly in the mono-articular soleus.

Methods
Eleven subjects were assigned to a training group performing isometric single-leg plantarflexion contractions three times per week for ten weeks, and another ten subjects formed a control group. Before and after the training period, Achilles tendon stiffness was estimated, and muscle-tendon mechanics were assessed during running at preferred speed using ultrasonography, kinematics and kinetics.

Results
Achilles tendon stiffness increased by 18% (P < 0.01) in the training group, but the associated reduction in strain seen during isometric contractions was not statistically significant. Tendon elongation during the stance phase of running was similar after training, but tendon recoil was reduced by 30% (P < 0.01), while estimated tendon force remained unchanged. Neither gastrocnemius medialis nor soleus fascicle shortening during stance was affected by training.

Discussion
These results show that a training-induced increase in Achilles tendon stiffness altered tendon behaviour during running. Despite training-induced changes in tendon mechanical properties and recoil behaviour, the data suggest that fascicle shortening patterns were preserved for the running speed that we examined. The asymmetrical changes in tendon strain patterns supports the notion that simple in-series models do not fully explain the mechanical output of the muscle-tendon unit during a complex task like running.
Nauclea latifolia (Rubiaceae) Stem-bark Hydromethanolic Extract Abrogates a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor - Induced Multifocal Toxicity in Albino Rats
Authors: Nwidu Lucky L. , Oboma Yibala I. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: Nauclea latifolia (Rubiaceae) stem-bark enjoys wide patronage in ethnomedicine due to multiplicity of usage. Acute and subacute hematological and biochemical toxicity studies are available in literature but none underpins its ameliorative effect with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC), valproic acid (VPA) which mediates multifocal toxicity in different histological milieu.
Methods: Subacute exposure of experimental albino rats with a high dose of valproic acid (500 mg/kg) was executed orally one hour before post-treatment with Nauclea latifolia stem-bark (NLS) extract in three doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) and with another group of rats with reference drug, vinpocetine, 25 mg/kg daily for 28 consecutive days after which hematological and biochemical analyses were executed. The liver, kidney and lungs were abstracted for histopathological evaluation.
Results: The HDAC inhibitor, Valproic acids induced multifocal biochemical insults on liver function enzymes, lipid profiles, electrolytes and kidney function which were dose- dependently and significantly (P < 0.05 – 0.001) abrogated by the varying doses of administered NLS extract. On the histology the NLS extract effects corroborated the biochemical study in the liver and kidney. The NLS did not demonstrate significant toxicological impingement on the hematology and did not alter VPA-induced histomorphological injury in the lungs cytoarchitecture. The reference drug, vinpocetine was unresponsive to VPA-induced alteration in all the tissues investigated in the administered posology.
Conclusion: The NLS extract was effective in abrogating toxicological insults in the liver and kidney but not in the lungs. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of pharmacological effects of NLS extract and the differential in tissue response.
Vertical CoP Nanoarray Wrapped by N,P‐Doped Carbon for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Both Acidic and Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Huang Xingkai , Xu Xiaopei , Li Chao , Wu Dengfeng , Cheng Daojian , Cao Dapeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a key reaction in water splitting, and developing efficient and robust non‐noble electrocatalysts for HER is still a great challenge for large‐scale hydrogen production. Herein, a vertically aligned core–shell structure grown on Ti foil with CoP nanoarray as a core and N,P‐doped carbon (NPC) as a shell (CoP/NPC/TF) is first reported as an efficient electrocatalyst for HER. Results indicate that CoP/NPC/TF only demands the overpotentials of 91 and 80 mV to drive the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in acidic and alkaline solutions. The electrochemical measurements and theoretical calculations show that the synergy of CoP nanorod core and porous NPC shell enhances HER performance significantly, because the introduction of porous NPC shell not only offers more active sites but also improves the electrical conductivity and durability of the sample in acidic and alkaline solutions. Density functional theory calculation further reveals that all the C atoms between N and P atoms in CoP/NPC are the most efficient active sites, which greatly improve the HER performance. The identification of active species in this work provides an effective strategy to design and synthesize the low‐cost, high‐efficient, and robust CoP‐based electrocatalysts.
Hollandite‐Type VO1.75(OH)0.5: Effective Sodium Storage for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jo Jae Hyeon , Choi Ji Ung , Cho Min Kyung , Aniskevich Yauhen , Kim Hyungsub , Ragoisha Genady , Streltsov Eugene , Kim Jongsoon , Myung Seung‐Taek 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNanosized hollandite‐type VO1.75(OH)0.5 is introduced as a novel cathode material for Na‐ion batteries. Structural investigation based on X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement suggests the presence of numerous vacant sites for Na+ intercalation in the VO1.75(OH)0.5 structure. All of the possible Na+ sites and tunnel‐type Na+ diffusion pathways along the c‐axis are confirmed by bond‐valence‐sum analyses. The nanosized hollandite‐type VO1.75(OH)0.5 delivers an unexpectedly high specific capacity of ≈351 mAh g−1 at 15.5 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 1.0–3.7 V (vs Na+/Na), which agrees well with the results predicted by first‐principles calculations. In addition, combined studies using first‐principles calculations and several experimental techniques including in situ operando X‐ray diffraction and ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy confirm that the nanosized hollandite‐type VO1.75(OH)0.5 undergoes a single‐phase reaction with a capacity retention of 71% over 200 cycles. Furthermore, the open structure and nanosized particles of hollandite‐type VO1.75(OH)0.5 contribute to its excellent power capability with 56% of the capacity measured at 0.05 C being delivered at 7 C.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 of the child increases birth weight
Authors: Leppävirta Jussi , Kallionpää Roope A. , Uusitalo Elina , Vahlberg Tero , Pöyhönen Minna , Peltonen Juha , Peltonen Sirkku 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with reduced adult height, but there are no cohort studies on birth size. This retrospective study includes a cohort of 1,410 persons with NF1 and a matched comparison cohort from the general population. Figures for birth size were retrieved from the administrative registers of Finland, and the data were converted to standard deviation scores (SDS), defined as standard deviation difference to the reference population. The birth weight among infants with NF1 was higher than among infants without the disorder (adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval]: 0.53 SDS [0.19–0.87]), as was the head circumference at birth (0.58 SDS [0.26–0.90]). The birth length of the NF1 infants did not differ significantly from the comparison cohort. The birth weight in the group consisting of NF1 and non‐NF1 infants of NF1 mothers was lower than among infants of mothers in the comparison cohort (−0.28 SDS [−0.51 to −0.06]), as was the birth length (−0.22 SDS [−0.45 to 0.00]). In conclusion, the birth weight and head circumference of persons with NF1 are significantly higher than those of persons without the disorder. NF1 of the mother reduces birth weight and birth length of the infant.
A Conjugated Copolymer of N‐Phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine and Pyrene as Promising Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium–Ion Batteries
Authors: Yao Chang‐Jiang , Xie Jian , Wu Zhenzhen , Xu Zhichuan J. , Zhang Shanqing , Zhang Qichun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA novel conjugated copolymer has been synthesized and employed as an organic cathode material in rechargeable lithium–ion batteries (LIBs). Due to the synergistic effects from conducting aniline and pyrene units, the resultant batteries based on the as‐obtained copolymer can deliver a promising reversible specific capacity of 113 mAh g−1 with a high voltage output of 3.2 V and a remarkable 75.2 % capacity retention after 180 cycles. Moreover, an excellent rate performance is also achieved with a fast recovery of the capacity at different current densities.
A nonlinear state‐feedback state‐feedforward tracking control strategy for a boiler‐turbine unit
Authors: Wang Guoxu , Wu Jie , Ma Xiaoqian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA boiler‐turbine unit is a primary module for coal‐fired power plants, and an effective automatic control system is needed for the boiler‐turbine unit to track the load changes with the drum water level kept within an acceptable range. The aim of this paper is to develop a nonlinear tracking controller for the Bell‐Åström boiler‐turbine unit. A Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy control system is introduced for the nonlinear modeling of the Bell‐Åström boiler‐turbine unit. Based on the Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy models, a nonlinear tracking controller is developed, and the proposed control law is comprised of a state‐feedforward term and a state‐feedback term. The stability of the closed‐loop control system is analyzed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory via the linear matrix inequality approach and Schur complement. Moreover, model uncertainties are also considered, and it is proved that with the proposed control law the tracking error converges to zero. To assess the performance of the proposed nonlinear state‐feedback state‐feedforward control strategy, a nonlinear model predictive control strategy and a linear strategy are presented as comparisons. The effectiveness and the advantages of the proposed nonlinear state‐feedback state‐feedforward control strategy are demonstrated by simulations.