bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A role for the orphan nuclear receptor TLX in the interaction between neural precursor cells and microglia
Authors: Kozareva Danka A. , Moloney Gerard M. , Hoban Alan E. , Rossini Valerio , Nally Ken , Cryan John F. , Nolan Yvonne M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Microglia are an essential component of the neurogenic niche in the adult hippocampus and are involved in the control of neural precursor cell (NPC) proliferation, differentiation and the survival and integration of newborn neurons in hippocampal circuitry. Microglial and neuronal cross-talk is mediated in part by the chemokine fractalkine/chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) released from neurons, and its receptor CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) which is expressed on microglia. A disruption in this pathway has been associated with impaired neurogenesis yet the specific molecular mechanisms by which this interaction occurs remain unclear. The orphan nuclear receptor TLX (Nr2e1; homologue of the Drosophila tailless gene) is a key regulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, and we have shown that in its absence microglia exhibit a pro-inflammatory activation phenotype. However, it is unclear whether a disturbance in CX3CL1/CX3CR1 communication mediates an impairment in TLX-related pathways which may have subsequent effects on neurogenesis. To this end, we assessed miRNA expression of up- and down-stream signalling molecules of TLX in the hippocampus of mice lacking CX3CR1. Our results demonstrate that a lack of CX3CR1 is associated with altered expression of TLX and its downstream targets in the hippocampus without significantly affecting upstream regulators of TLX. Thus, TLX may be a potential participant in neural stem cell (NSC)–microglial cross-talk and may be an important target in understanding inflammatory-associated impairments in neurogenesis.
Compact dual‐band bandpass filter using defected SRR and irregular SIR
Authors: Luo Xian‐hu , Cheng Xu , Han Jiang‐an , Zhang Liang , Chen Feng‐jun , Guo Ying‐jiang , Xia Xin‐lin , Deng Xian‐jing 
Published: February 2019

A novel miniaturised dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) based on defected split‐ring resonators (SRRs) and irregular stepped‐impedance resonators (SIRs) is proposed. By applying defected SRRs embedded with eight combinations of three whole or broken grooves, which are formerly used for divination, the passband of 2.35–2.52 GHz with wideband harmonic suppression is achieved for WLAN applications. To create one more passband of 5.09–5.3 GHz, the irregular SIRs are etched inside the defected SRRs. Finally, such a prototype is designed and fabricated with the dimension of only 20 × 20 mm2 (0.27λg × 0.27λg). The measured results of this dual‐band BPF agree well with the simulations verifying the proposed idea.
Gamma rays from red giant wind bubbles entering the jets of elliptical host blazars
Authors: Torres-Albà Núria , Bosch-Ramon Valentí 
Published: February 2019

Context. Blazars in elliptical hosts have a population of red giants surrounding their jet. These stars can carry large wind-blown bubbles into the jets, leading to gamma-ray emission through bubble-jet interactions.
Aims. We study the interaction dynamics and the gamma-ray emission produced when the bubbles formed by red giant winds penetrate the jet of a blazar in an elliptical galaxy.
Methods. First, we characterized the masses and penetration rates of the red giant wind bubbles that enter the jet. Then, the dynamical evolution of these bubbles under the jet impact was analysed analytically and numerically, and the radiation losses of the particles accelerated in the interaction were characterised. Finally, the synchrotron and the inverse Compton contributions above ∼100 MeV were estimated under different jet magnetic fields, powers, and Lorentz factors.
Results. We find that an analytical dynamical model is a reasonable approximation for the red giant wind bubble-jet interaction. The radiation produced by these wind bubbles interacting with a jet can have a duty cycle of up to ∼1. For realistic magnetic fields, gamma rays could be detectable from sources within the local universe, preferentially from those with high Lorentz factors (∼10), and this could be a relatively common phenomenon for these sources. For magnetic fields in equipartition with the jet power, and high acceleration rates, synchrotron gamma rays may be detectable even for modest Lorentz factors (∼3), but with a much lower duty cycle.
Conclusions. Blazars in elliptical galaxies within the local universe can produce detectable transient or persistent gamma-ray emission from red giant wind bubbles entering their jets.
Linear and circular polarization of a 1D relativistic jet model
Authors: Mościbrodzka M. 
Published: February 2019

Context. Polarimetric observations of black holes allow us to probe structures of magnetic fields and plasmas in strong gravity.
Aims. We present a study of the polarimetric properties of a synchrotron spectrum emitted from a relativistic jet using a low-dimensional model.
Methods. A novel numerical scheme is used to integrate relativistic polarized radiative transfer equations in a slab geometry where the plasma conditions change along the integration path.
Results. We find that the simple model of a non-uniform jet can recover basic observational characteristics of some astrophysical sources with a relativistic jet, such as extremely high rotation measures. Our models incorporate a time-dependent component. A small fluctuation in density or temperature of the plasma along the jet produces significant amounts of fluctuations not only in the fractional linear and circular polarizations, but also in the jet internal rotation measures.
Conclusions. The low-dimensional models presented here are developed within the same computational framework as the complex three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations of black hole disks and jets, and they offer guidance when interpreting the results from more complex polarization models. The models presented here are scalable to stationary and transient polarized radio emissions produced by relativistic plasma ejected from around compact objects, in both stellar-mass and supermassive black hole systems.
Propensity-Score-Methoden zur Schätzung von Behandlungseffekten: Eine Chance für die rehabilitative Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Fauser David , Bethge Matthias 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie randomisierte kontrollierte Studie ist der Goldstandard zur Überprüfung der Wirksamkeit einer Intervention. Sie ermöglicht eine unverzerrte Schätzung des Behandlungseffekts, da die Zuweisung zu den Behandlungsarmen zufällig erfolgt und damit unabhängig von Patientenmerkmalen oder vorangehenden Maßnahmen der Patientenversorgung. Unterschiede im Zielkriterium können kausal auf die Behandlung zurückgeführt werden. In Beobachtungsstudien erfolgt die Zuweisung in Interventions- und Kontrollgruppe nicht zufällig. Die Zuweisung ist vielmehr mit Patientenmerkmalen assoziiert, für die eine Wirkung auf das Zielkriterium nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann. Effektschätzer aus Beobachtungsstudien müssen deshalb als verzerrt gelten. Methodische Ansätze, die den Propensity Score nutzen, berücksichtigen diese Gruppenunterschiede bei der Analyse von Beobachtungsdaten. Der Propensity Score ist die aufgrund beobachteter Variablen bedingte Wahrscheinlichkeit, die Behandlung zu erhalten. Mittels Propensity-Score-Matching können so balancierte Stichproben von behandelten und unbehandelten Personen gebildet werden. Zur Darstellung der Behandlungseffekte können dieselben absoluten Effektmaße genutzt werden wie in randomisierten kontrollierten Studien.
Gewalt in der Notfallmedizin – gegenwärtiger Stand in Deutschland
Authors: Hofmann Tobias , Hachenberg Thomas 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In den letzten Jahren werden Mitarbeiter von Rettungsdiensten und Notaufnahmen immer häufiger Opfer von gewalttätigen Übergriffen während ihres Dienstes. Jedoch wird die Erfassung von Häufigkeiten, Arten, Ursachen, Täterprofilen sowie möglichen Lösungsansätzen und Schutzmaßnahmen in Deutschland bisher – im Vergleich zum angloamerikanischen Sprachraum – eher stiefmütterlich behandelt.
Ziel Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war eine weitgehende Erfassung der bisher vorliegenden aktuellen Daten der letzten Jahre, um einen zusammenfassenden Überblick über die Situation in Deutschland geben zu können.
Ergebnisse Es liegen nur sehr wenige Arbeiten aus Deutschland zu diesem Thema vor. Die gefundenen Arbeiten zeigten, dass Gewalt im Rettungsdienst und in der Notaufnahme nicht nur ein Problem im angloamerikanischen Sprachraum ist. Bis zu 90% der Studienteilnehmer einer Befragung von Rettungsdienstmitarbeitern und 75% der teilnehmenden Mitarbeiter aus Notaufnahmen gaben an, in den letzten Monaten vor der Befragung Opfer von verbaler und/oder physischer Gewalt geworden zu sein. Die Mehrheit der Studienteilnehmer (je nach Studie zwischen 60 und 80%) fühlt sich gar nicht bis unzureichend auf aggressives und gewalttätiges Verhalten vorbereitet und wünscht sich professionelle regelmäßige Weiterbildung in Deeskalationstechniken und Selbstverteidigung. Auch die ständige Anwesenheit von Sicherheitsdiensten wurde zur Verminderung gewaltsamer Übergriffe auf Mitarbeiter durch Studienteilnehmer als sinnvoll erachtet. Um konkretere Aussagen treffen zu können, bedarf es weiterer prospektiver Multicenterstudien.
Connectedness of the solution sets of inclusions
Authors: Zhukovskiy E. S. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A research scheme for investigating the connectedness of the set of solutions of an inclusion in a topological space is proposed. It is applied to analyze the fixed-point set of a Volterra set-valued map in the space of continuous functions

; conditions for it to be connected in the norm and weak topology of

are obtained. On this basis conditions are found which ensure that the solution set of Hammerstein’s delay integral inclusion is connected.
Bibliography: 14 titles.
A smooth version of Johnson’s problem on derivations of group algebras
Authors: Arutyunov A. A. , Mishchenko A. S. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We give a description of the algebra of outer derivations of the group algebra of a finitely presented discrete group in terms of the Cayley complex of the groupoid of the adjoint action of the group. This problem is a smooth version of Johnson’s problem on derivations of a group algebra. We show that the algebra of outer derivations is isomorphic to the one-dimensional compactly supported cohomology group of the Cayley complex over the field of complex numbers.
Bibliography: 34 titles.
Fate mapping reveals the age structure of the peripheral T cell compartment
Authors: Reynaldi Arnold , Smith Norah L. , Schlub Timothy E. , Tabilas Cybelle , Venturi Vanessa , Rudd Brian D. , Davenport Miles P. 
Published: February 2019

SignificanceThe development of the peripheral T cell pool is typically described based on the maturation and survival of cells in the periphery, assuming all cells are created equal and have similar lifespans. We have developed a mouse model in which we can “timestamp” CD8+T cells produced at different ages and track their survival. We find that cells produced early in life persist and contribute to the adult pool. However, the dynamics of cell survival are dependent on the age at which they are produced, leading to a shifting population of cells with age. We propose that heterogeneity in the developmental origins of cells contributes to the phenotypic heterogeneity of individual cells observed in adult animals.
Opposite regulation of Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signaling pathways by Rack1 controls mammalian cerebellar development
Authors: Yang Haihong , Zhu Qian , Cheng Juanxian , Wu Yan , Fan Ming , Zhang Jiyan , Wu Haitao 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The molecular mechanisms underlying cerebellar development have not yet been fully understood. Here, we analyzed and revealed a critical function of receptor for activated C kinase 1 (Rack1), a WD40-repeat domain containing scaffolding protein, in the regulation of cerebellar patterning and fissure formation. We found that during embryonic and early postnatal development, Rack1 oppositely regulates Wnt/β-catenin and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathways in distinct developmental stages. Interestingly, we also found that Rack1-mediated stabilization of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)/HDAC2 is essential for the activation of Shh signaling in granule neuron progenitors during cerebellar development. Together, we have demonstrated the crucial role of Rack1 for cerebellar morphogenesis by homeostatic regulation of two distinct morphogenic pathways.
Phosphoregulated FMRP phase separation models activity-dependent translation through bidirectional control of mRNA granule formation
Authors: Tsang Brian , Arsenault Jason , Vernon Robert M. , Lin Hong , Sonenberg Nahum , Wang Lu-Yang , Bah Alaji , Forman-Kay Julie D. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Activity-dependent translation, the reversible activation of translation in response to synaptic activity, is important for synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation. How synaptic activity triggers translation of silenced mRNAs within neuronal granules, which are membraneless RNA–protein assemblies, is not clear. We show that the C-terminal region of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), an abundant neuronal granule protein, phase separates in vitro with RNA and that its phase separation is fine-tuned by posttranslational modifications controlled in neurons by synaptic activity. We observe that phase separation is correlated with translation inhibition in vitro, providing a conceptual framework to unify FMRP’s diverse roles. Experimental and bioinformatic data suggest that phase separation may be a general mechanism linked to activity-dependent translation.
Unraveling materials Berry curvature and Chern numbers from real-time evolution of Bloch states
Authors: Shin Dongbin , Sato Shunsuke A. , Hübener Hannes , De Giovannini Umberto , Kim Jeongwoo , Park Noejung , Rubio Angel 
Published: February 2019

Significance
It was established by Thouless, Kohmoto, Nightingale, and den Nijs in 1982 that the topology of the solid-state wavefunctions leads to quantization of transverse electrical conductivity of an insulator. This recognition has led to the development of the new field of topological materials characterized by symmetry-protected quantum numbers. Here, we propose a general and computationally efficient framework enabling one to unveil and predict materials-topological invariants in terms of physical observables, such as the bulk time-dependent current. We show how the quantized charge and spin Hall effect appears even for materials with a non-Abelian Berry phase. This dynamical approach is not necessarily restricted to density functional theory, but can be extended to other schemes and to other methods dealing with correlations explicitly.
Evolution of resilience in protein interactomes across the tree of life
Authors: Zitnik Marinka , Sosič Rok , Feldman Marcus W. , Leskovec Jure 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The interactome network of protein–protein interactions captures the structure of molecular machinery that underlies organismal complexity. The resilience to network failures is a critical property of the interactome as the breakdown of interactions may lead to cell death or disease. By studying interactomes from 1,840 species across the tree of life, we find that evolution leads to more resilient interactomes, providing evidence for a longstanding hypothesis that interactomes evolve favoring robustness against network failures. We find that a highly resilient interactome has a beneficial impact on the organism’s survival in complex, variable, and competitive habitats. Our findings reveal how interactomes change through evolution and how these changes affect their response to environmental unpredictability.
Local frustration around enzyme active sites
Authors: Freiberger Maria I. , Guzovsky A. Brenda , Wolynes Peter G. , Parra R. Gonzalo , Ferreiro Diego U. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
All known terrestrial protein enzymes fold robustly and explore the complex energy landscapes that are required for activity. The catalytic residues must be held together in precise positions that may conflict with the correct folding dynamics of the domain itself. We quantified these energetic conflicts and found that these are effectively present in extant enzymes, regardless of the protein oligomeric state, overall topology, and enzymatic class. The conservation of these energetic signatures is higher than the conservation quantified in the primary structures.
Gender, metaphor and migration in media representations
Authors: Arcimaviciene Liudmila 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This study discusses the gendered use of metaphors in the media texts collected from the U.S. and UK online media sources in the time span of two years (2015–2017) on the topic of the EU 2015 migration. Using Metaphor Identification Procedure (Pragglejaz Group 2007), 88 media texts were analysed, following the criteria of topicality and gender. The findings reveal how the evoked frames of quantifiable and tradable objects, natural phenomena, crimes, war and terrorism contribute to suppressing positive emotions, related to empathy or compassion. It is also determined how the collective media voice is twisted by such underlying categories as competition, hierarchy and dominance that create an ideological opposition and relegate the collective migrant to the Other.
On belonging
Authors: Stolz Thomas , Levkovych Nataliya 
Published: February 2019

This study aims at pinpointing certain properties of belong-constructions which might prove helpful for a future cross-linguistic inquiry into the grammar of those categories which associate with the notion belong in particular and with predicative possession in general. To this end, languages from two different regions – Mexico and Europe – are reviewed as to the evidence they provide of belong-constructions and their relation to other predicative-possessive categories. Cases of areal and genetic micro-variation in the domain of belong are discussed. The methodological issue of collecting data which are usually not featured in the descriptive-linguistic literature is raised as well.
Argument selectors
Authors: Witzlack-Makarevich Alena 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article opens a volume of detailed descriptions of grammatical relations in thirteen languages. It begins by outlining new developments in the research on grammatical relations in the recent years. It then introduces the framework for studying and describing grammatical relations developed in Bickel (2010b) and Witzlack-Makarevich (2011). This framework served as a guideline to the contributors of the present volume in preparing individual accounts. I first present the various properties of arguments, which are understood as compound categories made up of both generalized semantic roles S, A, P, T, and G, as well as of their lexical and referential specifications. I then proceed to various conditions on grammatical relations and, finally, introduce the concept of argument selectors and illustrate their common types with examples from the languages of the present volume, as well as from other languages.
Real-world Effectiveness and Safety of Vedolizumab for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Scottish Vedolizumab Cohort
Authors: Plevris N , Chuah C S , Allen R M , Arnott I D , Brennan P N , Chaudhary S , Churchhouse A M D , Din S , Donoghue E , Gaya D R , Groome M , Jafferbhoy H M , Jenkinson P W , Lam W L , Lyons M , Macdonald J C , MacMaster M , Mowat C , Naismith G D , Potts L F , Saffouri E , Seenan J P , Sengupta A , Shasi P , Sutherland D I , Todd J A , Veryan J , Watson A J M , Watts D A , Jones G R , Lees C W 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background & Aims
Vedolizumab is an anti-a4b7 monoclonal antibody that is licensed for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The aims of this study were to establish the real-world effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods
This was a retrospective study involving seven NHS health boards in Scotland between June 2015 and November 2017. Inclusion criteria included: a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease with objective evidence of active inflammation at baseline (Harvey–Bradshaw Index[HBI] ≥5/Partial Mayo ≥2 plus C-reactive protein [CRP] >5 mg/L or faecal calprotectin ≥250 µg/g or inflammation on endoscopy/magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]); completion of induction; and at least one clinical follow-up by 12 months. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to establish 12-month cumulative rates of clinical remission, mucosal healing, and deep remission [clinical remission plus mucosal healing]. Rates of serious adverse events were described quantitatively.

Results
Our cohort consisted of 180 patients with ulcerative colitis and 260 with Crohn’s disease. Combined median follow-up was 52 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 26–52 weeks). In ulcerative colitis, 12-month cumulative rates of clinical remission, mucosal healing, and deep remission were 57.4%, 47.3%, and 38.5%, respectively. In Crohn’s disease, 12-month cumulative rates of clinical remission, mucosal healing, and deep remission were 58.4%, 38.9%, and 28.3% respectively. The serious adverse event rate was 15.6 per 100 patient-years of follow-up.

Conclusions
Vedolizumab is a safe and effective treatment for achieving both clinical remission and mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
A Validated Score Assessing the Risk of an Intra-Abdominal Abscess in Patients with Crohn’s Disease Presenting at the Emergency Department
Authors: Khoury Tawfik , Daher Saleh , Massarwa Muhammad , Hakimian David , Benson Ariel A , Viener Elez , Farah Raymond , Mari Amir , Hazou Wadi , Kadah Anas , Sbeit Wisam , Mahamid Mahmud , Israeli Eran 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsA majority of acutely ill Crohn’s disease [CD] patients who present to Emergency Department [ED] will undergo an abdominal CT to rule out disease complications. We aimed to generate a simple non-invasive scoring model to predict the presence of an intra-abdominal abscess in CD patients in the ED.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case–control study at four Israeli hospitals from January 1, 2010 to May 30, 2018. Inclusion criteria included patients with an established diagnosis of CD that had cross-sectional abdominal imaging performed. A total of 322 patients were included, and 81 [25%] were diagnosed with an intra-abdominal abscess.ResultsIn univariate analysis, ileo–colonic location (odds ratio [OR] 1.88, p = 0.0148), perianal CD [OR 7.01, p = 0.0004], fever [OR 1.88, p = 0.0247], neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [OR 1.12, p < 0.0001], and C-reactive protein [OR 1.10, p < 0.0001] were significantly associated with abscess formation, whereas current use of corticosteroids was negatively associated with abscess formation [OR 0.46, 95% CI, 0.2–0.88, p = 0.0192]. We developed a diagnostic score that included five parameters that were significant on multivariate regression analysis, with assignment of weights for each variable according to the coefficient estimate. A low cut-off score of ≤7 was associated with a negative predictive value [NPV] of 93% for abscess formation, whereas a high cut-off score of >9 was associated with a positive predictive value of 65%. We validated this score with an independent cohort [area under the curve of 0.881 and NPV of 98.5%].ConclusionWe recommend incorporating this score as an aid for stratifying acutely ill CD patients in the ED with low or high probability of the presence of an intra-abdominal abscess.