bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall prevention in central coast community pharmacies
Authors: Stuart Gina M. , Kale Helen L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIssue addressedFall injuries among people aged 65 years and over (older people) cause substantial health decline and cost to the health system. In 2009 in New South Wales, 25.6% of older people fell in the previous year, and 10.7% (32 000) were hospitalised. Pharmacists are trusted professionals, who interact extensively with older people and have potential to augment fall prevention in pharmacies. This brief report describes how professional development improved pharmacist's knowledge and confidence in fall prevention, encouraged implementation of fall prevention plans and facilitated the provision of brief fall prevention interventions for older clients, after identification of fall risk.MethodsIn 2014, pharmacists from all Central Coast pharmacies (n = 76) were invited to free, continuing professional development (CPD) in fall prevention. It provided education and resources to identify clients’ fall risk, conduct brief fall prevention interventions and implement fall prevention health promotion plans (FPHPP). Pharmacists completed written:

Baseline and postworkshop questionnaires to assess changes in pharmacist's knowledge and confidence, and existing fall prevention in pharmacies.

Logs of client fall risk and brief fall prevention interventions offered to clients.

Four‐month follow‐up questionnaires to assess implementation of FPHPPs and pharmacy practice changes.

ResultsPharmacists representing 36% of pharmacies participated. At four‐month follow‐up, 67% had implemented FPHPPs, and 62% delivered brief interventions determined by client fall risk.ConclusionFall prevention in pharmacies can be augmented through locally provided CPD tailored for pharmacists.So what?This model could increase fall prevention reach. It is transferable to settings where health professionals provide services to older adults and require reregistration through professional development.
Towards low‐cost community networks in rural communities: The impact of context using the case study of Beitbridge, Zimbabwe
Authors: Gwaka Leon Tinashe , May Julian , Tucker William 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMost rural communities in developing countries such as Zimbabwe are underserved and/or unserved with regard to telecommunication connectivity. Governments in developing countries are also under‐resourced to provide adequate digital infrastructure. Thus, community networks are increasingly seen as viable alternatives to bridge the infrastructure gap in Africa. However, new infrastructure interventions in developing countries face many challenges including complex interventions stemming from complex policies inserted into complex sociopolitical environments. The success of community networks in other African countries prompts this investigation into the potential of transferring the community network approach to Zimbabwe. The objective of this article is to frame how context impacts development of digital infrastructure. Zimbabwe's telecommunication regulatory framework is on the verge of countenancing the development of community networks, and for this reason, there is need for research to inform would‐be investors, policy makers, and other stakeholders such as academia, NGOs, and communities themselves, on how the sociopolitical and economic environment impact these efforts. This is important because successful deployment of a community network may result in improved community development, eg, in food security, health, and education.
Associations of pre‐existing co‐morbidities with skeletal muscle mass and radiodensity in patients with non‐metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Xiao Jingjie , Caan Bette J. , Weltzien Erin , Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Kroenke Candyce H. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Baracos Vickie E. , Kwan Marilyn L. , Castillo Adrienne L. , Prado Carla M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground and aimCo‐morbidities and computerized tomography‐measured muscle abnormalities are both common in cancer patients and independently adversely influence clinical outcomes. Muscle abnormalities are also evident in other diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. This study examined for the first time the association between co‐morbidities and muscle abnormalities in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 3051 non‐metastatic patients with Stages I–III CRC. Muscle abnormalities, measured at diagnosis, were defined as low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) or low skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) quantified using computerized tomography images using optimal stratification. Co‐morbidities included in the Charlson index were ascertained. χ2 tests were used to compare the prevalence of co‐morbidities by the presence or absence of each muscle abnormality. Logistic regressions were performed to evaluate which co‐morbidities predicted muscle abnormalities adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, weight change, cancer stage, cancer site, race/ethnicity, and smoking.ResultsMean age was 63 years; 50% of patients were male. The prevalence of low SMI and low SMD were 43.1% and 30.2%, respectively. Co‐morbidities examined were more prevalent in patients with low SMD than in those with normal SMD, and most remained independent predictors of low SMD after adjustment for covariates. Co‐morbidities associated with higher odds of low SMD included myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR) = 1.77, P = 0.023], congestive heart failure (OR = 3.27, P < 0.001), peripheral vascular disease (OR = 2.15, P = 0.002), diabetes with or without complications (OR = 1.61, P = 0.008; OR = 1.46, P = 0.003, respectively), and renal disease (OR = 2.21, P < 0.001). By contrast, only diabetes with complications was associated with lower odds of low SMI (OR = 0.64, P = 0.007).ConclusionsPrevalence of muscle abnormalities was high in patients with non‐metastatic CRC. Pre‐existing co‐morbidities were associated with low SMD, suggestive of a potential shared mechanism between fat infiltration into muscle and each of these co‐morbidities.
Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of Ni based soft magnetic alloy
Authors: Li Chunhong , Ruan Hui , Chen Dengming , Li Kejian , Guo Donglin , Shao Bin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA Ni‐based alloy was heat treated by changing the temperature and ambient atmosphere of the heat treatment. Morphology, crystal structure, and physical performance of the Ni‐based alloy were characterized via SEM, XRD, TEM, and PPMS. Results show that due to the heat treatment process, the grain growth of the Ni‐based alloy and the removal of impurities and defects are promoted. Both the orientation and stress caused by rolling are reduced. The permeability and saturation magnetization of the alloy are improved. The hysteresis loss and coercivity are decreased. Higher heat treatment temperature leads to increased improvement of permeability and saturation magnetization. Heat treatment in hydrogen is more conducive to the removal of impurities. At the same temperature, the magnetic performance of the heat‐treated alloy in hydrogen is better than that of an alloy with heat treatment in vacuum. The Ni‐based alloy shows an excellent magnetic performance on 1,373 K heat treatment in hydrogen atmosphere. In this process, the µm, Bs, Pu, and Hc of the obtained alloy are 427 mHm−1, 509 mT, 0.866 Jm−3, and 0.514 Am−1, respectively. At the same time, the resistivity of alloy decreases and its thermal conductivity increases in response to heat treatment.
Age‐related changes in cortical and subcortical structures of healthy adult brains: A surface‐based morphometry study
Authors: Zheng Fenglian , Liu Yulin , Yuan Zilong , Gao Xiaodong , He Yaoyao , Liu Xiaojing , Cui Dong , Qi Rui , Chen Tiao , Qiu Jianfeng 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundCerebral structures in both cortical and subcortical regions change with aging. More specific and comprehensive studies are needed to better elucidate these changes.PURPOSETo investigate the relationships between age and cerebral structures regarding cortical and subcortical changes.Study TypeCross‐cohort research.Population54 healthy adults (28 females) aged 21–71 years.Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted imaging was performed at 1.5T.ASSESSMENTThe cortical thickness, local gyrification index (LGI), and the volumes of total gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), white matter hyperintensity (WMH), deep gray matter nuclei (putamen, pallidum, thalamus, caudate, amygdala, accumbens area, and hippocampus), ventricles, and hippocampal subfields were obtained using FreeSurfer software.Statistical TestsRegression analysis was performed to determine the relationships between age and cortical thickness, LGI, and volumes of subcortical structures. Uncorrected P values ≤ 0.001 and R2 > 0.16 were considered significant.ResultsThe cortical thickness and LGI decreased with age throughout almost all brain regions (R2 > 0.16; P ≤ 0.001). Except for the volumes of the WM and 4th ventricle (R2 < 0.16; P > 0.001), the volumes of the GM, WMH, lateral ventricle, inferior lateral ventricle, and 3rd ventricle showed a nonlinear correlation with aging (R2 > 0.16; P ≤ 0.001). For deep gray matter nuclei, the thalamus volume was significantly decreased with aging (R2 = 0.256; P = 0.001). Additionally, the hippocampus volume was initially increased and then decreased at age of 50, mainly in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (GC‐DG), cornus ammonis 2/3 (CA2/3), CA4, and fissure (R2 > 0.16; P ≤ 0.001). The volumes of the putamen, pallidum, accumbens area, amygdala and caudate showed no significance with aging (R2 < 0.16; P > 0.001).Data ConclusionThe results comprehensively show the relationships between age and cerebral structures in multiple brain regions, and these findings may help identify normal aging and other age‐related neuroradiological disorders.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:152–163.
Assessment of microbial contaminations in commercial frozen duck meats and the application of electron beam irradiation to improve their hygienic quality
Authors: An Kyung‐A , Jo Yunhee , Akram Kashif , Suh Sang‐Cheol , Kwon Joong‐Ho 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh microbial load is a serious concern in terms of the health‐related safety of products of animal origin. In this study, the microbial loads of commercial frozen duck‐meat products, including bone‐in whole raw, boneless sliced raw, and boneless whole smoked, were investigated for pathogenic contamination. The application of electron beam irradiation was also investigated.RESULTSThe samples revealed a serious microbial threat (102–105 CFU g−1 for total aerobic bacteria and positive for foodborne pathogens), which required effective decontamination technology. Electron‐beam irradiation (0, 1, 3, and 7 kGy) could potentially improve the hygienic quality of duck‐meat samples. The D10 values for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhi were 0.47 and 0.51 kGy, respectively. A direct epifluorescent filter technique and aerobic plate count (DEFT/APC) method was used for screening, while electron‐spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry were effective as confirmatory techniques to identify radiation‐induced markers in frozen duck meat.CONCLUSIONElectron‐beam irradiation has the potential to ensure the microbial safety and hygienic quality of commercial duck meats. Identification of the samples for their irradiation history was also possible using radiation‐induced detection markers, including the DEFT/APC, hydroxyapatite ESR radicals, and hydrocarbons. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Facile preparation of multifunctional carbon nanotube/magnetite/polyaniline nanocomposite offering a strong option for efficient solid‐phase microextraction coupled with GC–MS for the analysis of phenolic compounds
Authors: Tafazoli Zahra , Azar Parviz Aberoomand , Tehrani Mohammad Saber , Husain Syed Waqif 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to synthesize a highly efficient organic–inorganic nanocomposite. In this research, the carbon nanotube/magnetite/polyaniline nanocomposite was successfully prepared through a facile route. Monodisperse magnetite nanospheres were prepared through the coprecipitation route, and polyaniline nanolayer as a modified shell with a high surface area was synthesized by an in situ growth route and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The prepared nanocomposite was immobilized on a stainless‐steel wire for the fabrication of the solid‐phase microextraction fiber. The combination of headspace solid‐phase microextraction using carbon nanotube/magnetite/polyaniline nanocomposite fiber with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry can achieve a low limit of detection and can be applied to determine phenolic compounds in water samples. The effects of the extraction and desorption parameters including extraction temperature and time, ionic strength, stirring rate, pH, and desorption temperature and time have been studied. Under the optimum conditions, the dynamic linear range was 0.01–500 ng/mL and the limits of detection of phenol, 4‐chlorophenol, 2,6‐dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol were the lowest (0.008 ng/mL) for three times. The coefficient of determination of all calibration curves was more than 0.990.
Measuring ephemeral gully erosion rates and topographical thresholds in an urban watershed using unmanned aerial systems and structure from motion photogrammetric techniques
Authors: Gudino‐Elizondo Napoleon , Biggs Trent W. , Castillo Carlos , Bingner Ronald L. , Langendoen Eddy J. , Taniguchi Kristine T. , Kretzschmar Thomas , Yuan Yongping , Liden Douglas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBoth rural and urban development can lead to accelerated gully erosion. Quantify gully erosion is challenging in environments where gullies are rapidly repaired and in urban areas where microtopographic complexity complicates the delineation of contributing areas. This study used unmanned aerial systems and structure from motion photogrammetric techniques to quantify gully erosion in the Los Laureles Canyon Watershed, a rapidly urbanizing watershed in Tijuana, Mexico. Following a storm event, the gully network extent was mapped using an orthomosaic (0.038‐m pixel size); the local slope and watershed area contributing to each gully head were mapped with a digital surface model (0.3‐m pixel size). Gullies formed almost exclusively on unpaved roads, which had erodible soils and concentrated flow. Management practices (e.g., road maintenance that fill gullies after large storms) contributed to total sediment production at the watershed scale. Sediment production from gully erosion was higher, and threshold values of slope and drainage area for gully incision were lower than ephemeral gullies reported for agricultural settings. This indicates high vulnerability to gully erosion, which is consistent with high soil erodibility and low critical shear stress measured in the laboratory with a mini‐jet‐erosion test device. Future studies that evaluate effects of different soil types on gully erosion rates on unpaved roads, as well as model effects of management practices such as road paving and their impact on runoff, soil erosion, and sediment loads, are crucial for proper sediment management and planning in urban watersheds.
Multicolored, Low‐Voltage‐Driven, Flexible Organic Electrochromic Devices Based on Oligomers
Authors: Wan Zhijun , Zeng Jinming , Li Hui , Liu Ping , Deng Wenji 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, a series of organic conjugated oligomers containing 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and aromatic groups are synthesized, which are as follows: 2,5‐di(methyl benzoate)‐3,4‐ethylenedioxy‐thiophene (1EDOT‐2B‐COOCH3), 5,5′‐di(methyl benzoate)‐2,2′‐bi(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (2EDOT‐2B‐COOCH3), 5,5″‐di(methyl benzoate)‐2,2′:5′,2″‐ter(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (3EDOT‐2B‐COOCH3), and 5,5″′‐di(methyl benzoate)‐2,2′:5′,2″: 5″,2″′‐quater(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (4EDOT‐2B‐COOCH3). Using these oligomers as active materials, flexible organic electrochromic devices are fabricated. The device structure is indium tin oxide–PET plastic slide (ITO‐PET)/active layer/conducting gel/ITO‐PET, and the electrochromic properties of oligomers are investigated. These oligomers exhibit reversible color changes upon electrochemical doping and dedoping. The highest optical contrast is exhibited by 4EDOT‐2B‐COOCH3, which is 75.2% at 700 nm.
Photoregulating of Stretchability and Toughness of a Self‐Healable Polymer Hydrogel
Authors: Xiong Chenxiao , Zhang Lidong , Xie Meiran , Sun Ruyi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSupramolecular hydrogels that are assembled through dynamic host–guest interactions have presented apparent potential in the construction of materials with promising performance. Herein, a photoregulated hydrogel cross‐linked by host–guest interactions with multifunctions of high stretchability, strong toughness, and rapid self‐healing property is reported. The hydrogel exhibits unique light‐responsive property due to the introduction of two photoisomerized groups. For example, the stress–strain curve of the original hydrogel indicates 1020% rupture strain with the maximum tensile strain value of 214 kPa. Upon 365 nm light irradiation for an hour, its tensile strain increases to 15 times with lower tensile stress indicating a better stretchability. Moreover, the hydrogel is photochromic and surface patternable, where it can reversibly switch color between luminous yellow and brown while exposed to 365 and 440 nm light irradiation. It holds great promise for applying in self‐recovering optically controlled and labeled elastic mechanical materials.
Proactive Rainbow Trout Suppression Reduces Threat of Hybridization in the Upper Snake River Basin
Authors: Kovach Ryan P. , Al-Chokhachy Robert , Stephens Tracy 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Preserving remaining nonhybridized populations Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii is a conservation priority often requiring management action. Although proactive programs for Rainbow Trout O. mykiss and hybrid suppression offer a flexible tool, particularly in large interconnected river basins, this management approach is used less frequently than alternatives such as barriers and piscicides. We describe the results of a targeted Rainbow Trout hybrid suppression program spanning 15 years in the upper Snake River, Wyoming, a core stronghold for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii bouvieri. Initially, Rainbow Trout hybrids were relatively common in the Gros Ventre River, a major tributary to the Snake River. Between 2002 and 2016, 926 individuals of Rainbow Trout ancestry were removed from the Gros Ventre River. Relative abundance of Rainbow Trout hybrids decreased over this time, while the Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout population increased. Temporal genetic data collected in 2007–2008 and again in 2014 demonstrate that the overall proportion Rainbow Trout admixture and the proportion of hybrids in a sample both significantly decreased in the Gros Ventre River and did not increase elsewhere in the Snake River basin. In conclusion, proactive Rainbow Trout suppression appears to have reduced the threat of Rainbow Trout hybridization in this river basin and helped protect an interconnected metapopulation that has a highly diverse life history and genetic variation important for long-term persistence.
Deadline‐aware TCP congestion control for HTTP adaptive streaming services
Authors: Claeys Maxim , Bouten Niels , De Vleeschauwer Danny , De Schepper Koen , Van Leekwijck Werner , Latré Steven , De Turck Filip 
Published: April 2018

SummaryOver the last decades, video streaming services have gained a lot of popularity, representing over 70% of the total consumer Internet traffic worldwide. While originally dedicated streaming protocols have been used to deliver these services, for several years, the video streaming industry is steadily shifting to HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS)–based delivery over TCP. With each video segment, implicit delivery deadlines are associated in order to avoid playout interruptions. However, TCP is known to be far from minimizing the number of deadline‐missing streams. In this paper, 2 deadline‐aware congestion control mechanisms are proposed, based on a parametrization of the traditional TCP New Reno congestion control strategy. By introducing deadline awareness at the transport layer, the modulation of the congestion window size is dynamically adapted to steer the aggressiveness of the considered stream to optimize the delivery of video streaming services. The proposed approaches are thoroughly evaluated in an HAS video‐on‐demand scenario over tree‐based delivery networks. It was shown that in a realistic scenario, the proposed approaches can outperform traditional congestion control strategies by up to 12% in terms of estimated mean opinion score, mainly by reducing the average video freezing time by more than 85%.
Domain decomposition preconditioners for multiscale problems in linear elasticity
Authors: Buck Marco , Iliev Oleg , Andrä Heiko 
Published: April 2018

SummaryWe analyze two‐level overlapping Schwarz domain decomposition methods for vector‐valued piecewise linear finite element discretizations of the PDE system of linear elasticity. The focus of our study lies in the application to compressible, particle‐reinforced composites in 3D with large jumps in their material coefficients. We present coefficient‐explicit bounds for the condition number of the two‐level additive Schwarz preconditioned linear system. Thereby, we do not require that the coefficients are resolved by the coarse mesh. The bounds show a dependence of the condition number on the energy of the coarse basis functions, the coarse mesh, and the overlap parameters, as well as the coefficient variation. Similar estimates have been developed for scalar elliptic PDEs by Graham et al. The coarse spaces to which they apply here are assumed to contain the rigid body modes and can be considered as generalizations of the space of piecewise linear vector‐valued functions on a coarse triangulation. The developed estimates provide a concept for the construction of coarse spaces, which can lead to preconditioners that are robust with respect to high contrasts in Young's modulus and the Poisson ratio of the underlying composite. To confirm the sharpness of the theoretical findings, we present numerical results in 3D using vector‐valued linear, multiscale finite element and energy‐minimizing coarse spaces. The theory is not restricted to the isotropic (Lamé) case, extends to the full‐tensor case, and allows applications to multiphase materials with anisotropic constituents in two and three spatial dimensions. However, the bounds will depend on the ratio of largest to smallest eigenvalue of the elasticity tensor.