bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative Mannich reaction enabled by acidic activation of 2H-azirines
Authors: Zhang Hai-Jun , Xie Yan-Cheng , Yin Liang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChiral aziridines are structure units found in many biologically active compounds and are important building blocks in organic synthesis. Herein, by merging nucleophilic generation through copper(I)-catalyzed decarboxylation and activation of poorly electrophilic 2H-azirines through protonation with carboxylic acids, an asymmetric decarboxylative Mannich reaction between α,α-disubstituted cyanoacetic acids and 2H-azirines is uncovered, which leads to generation of chiral aziridines containing vicinal tetrasubstituted and acyclic quaternary stereogenic carbon centers in good to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities. At last, transformations of the produced chiral aziridine are successfully carried out to deliver synthetically useful compounds.
Surface degradation mechanisms in a eutectic high entropy alloy at microstructural length-scales and correlation with phase-specific work function
Authors: Hasannaeimi Vahid , Ayyagari Aditya V. , Muskeri Saideep , Salloom Riyadh , Mukherjee Sundeep 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHigh entropy alloys represent a new paradigm of structural alloy design consisting of (near) equal proportions of constituent elements resulting in a number of attractive properties. In particular, eutectic high entropy alloys offer a remarkable combination of high strength and good ductility from the synergistic contribution of each phase in the eutectic, thereby circumventing the strength-ductility trade-off in conventional structural materials. In the present study, wear and corrosion behavior were evaluated for the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy consisting of BCC (B2), and FCC (L12) lamellae. A transition from adhesive to oxidative wear was observed in reciprocating wear analysis. The L12 phase with lower hardness preferentially deformed during the wear test. The ratio of hardness to modulus was almost two times higher for the B2 phase as compared to L12. The overall corrosion resistance of the eutectic high entropy alloy was comparable to 304 stainless steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. However, detailed microscopy revealed preferential dissolution of the B2 phase. Phase-specific scanning kelvin probe analysis showed relatively higher electropositivity for the B2 phase as compared with L12, supporting the selective corrosion and higher coefficient of friction of B2.
Sleep Preserves Physiological Arousal in Emotional Memory
Authors: Ashton Jennifer E. , Harrington Marcus O. , Guttesen Anna á Váli , Smith Anika K. , Cairney Scott A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTraumatic experiences are associated with increased emotional arousal. Overnight consolidation strengthens the episodic content of emotional memories, but it is still unclear how sleep influences the associated arousal response. To investigate this question, we compared the effects of sleep and wake on psychophysiological and subjective reactivity during emotional memory retrieval. Participants provided affective ratings for negative and neutral images while heart rate deceleration (HRD) and skin conductance responses (SCRs) were monitored. Following a 12-hour delay of sleep or wakefulness, participants completed an image recognition task where HRD, SCRs and affective ratings were recorded again. HRD responses to previously-encoded (“old”) negative images were preserved after sleep but diminished after wakefulness. No between-group difference in HRD was observed for novel negative images at recognition, indicating that the effects of sleep for old images were not driven by a generalised overnight increase in visceral activity, or circadian factors. No significant effects of sleep were observed for SCRs or subjective ratings. Our data suggest that cardiac arousal experienced at the time of encoding is sensitive to plasticity-promoting processes during sleep in a similar manner to episodic aspects of emotional memory.
Early impairments in the retina of rats fed with high fructose/high fat diet are associated with glucose metabolism deregulation but not dyslipidaemia
Authors: Vidal Elisa , Lalarme Elise , Maire Marie-Annick , Febvret Valérie , Grégoire Stéphane , Gambert Ségolène , Acar Niyazi , Bretillon Lionel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWay of life changes such as high consumption of processed foods rich in fat and sugar and sedentary lifestyle are associated with the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) that affects about 35% in the American population. MetS is the main risk factor for diabetes mellitus, which is associated with vascular changes in the retina. However, the early consequences of MetS in the retina are not well described. We therefore aimed at characterizing the early effects of a high fructose and high fat diet (HFHF) on the function and structure of the rat retina, and evaluate the associations with metabolic changes. Brown Norway rats of 6 weeks of age were fed for 8 days, 5 weeks or 13 weeks with HFHF diet, or a standard chow. After only 4 weeks of this diet, rats exhibited a reduction in cone photoreceptor sensitivity to light. Moreover, we observed that MetS significantly exacerbated laser-induced choroidal neovascularization by 72% and 67% 2 weeks and 3 weeks post laser treatment, respectively. These retinal abnormalities were associated with deregulation of glucose metabolism but not lipid metabolism. These data showed retinal modifications in HFHF-induced MetS in the rat, at very early stage of the disease.
Microarray profiling of lung long non-coding RNAs and mRNAs in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury mouse model
Authors: Wang Juan , Shen Yong-Chun , Chen Zhen-Ni , Yuan Zhi-Cheng , Wang Hao , Li Da-Jiang , Liu Kai , Wen Fu-Qiang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various biological processes as well as many respiratory diseases, while the role of lncRNAs in acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. The present study aimed to profile the expression of lung lncRNAs and mRNAs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to LPS or phosphate-buffered saline for 24 h, and lncRNAs and mRNAs were profiled by Arraystar mouse LncRNA Array V3.0. Bioinformatics analysis gene ontology including (GO) and pathway analysis and cell study in vitro was used to investigate potential mechanisms. Based on the microarray results, 2632 lncRNAs and 2352 mRNAs were differentially expressed between ALI and control mice. The microarray results were confirmed by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results of ten randomized selected lncRNAs. GO analysis showed that the altered mRNAs were mainly related to the processes of immune system, immune response and defense response. Pathway analysis suggests that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor pathway, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction may be involved in ALI. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis indicated that one individual lncRNA may interact with several mRNAs, and one individual mRNA may also interact with several lncRNAs. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for ENSMUST00000170214.1, - ENSMUST00000016031.13 significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results found significant changes of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the lungs of LPS-induced ALI mouse model, and intervention targeting lncRNAs may attenuate LPS-induced inflammation, which may help to elucidate the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of ALI.
Silencing of hsa_circ_0004771 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in breast cancer through activation of miR-653 by targeting ZEB2 signaling pathway
Authors: Xie Rong , Tang Jing , Zhu Xianmin , Jiang Hui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported as the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to sponge microRNAs (miRNAs) implicating in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. However, the functions of circRNAs in breast cancer have not been completely clarified. In the present study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in breast cancer tumor tissues, and their roles and downstream targets were investigated in the progression of breast cancer. Methods: High-throughput circRNA sequencing was performed to detect the differentially expressed circRNAs. The CCK-8 and flow cytometry were performed to measure the cell viability and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Gene and protein expression were assayed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Results: hsa_circ_0004771 and Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) expression levels were up-regulated and positively correlated in breast cancer tumor tissues. In addition, the expression levels of miR-653 were reduced in breast cancer tumor tissues. We also found that hsa_circ_0004771 functioned as a sponge of miR-653 to inhibit its expression. miR-653 as a post-transcriptional regulator down-regulated the expression of ZEB2 by binding to its 3′-UTR. Interestingly, a significant inverse correlation was observed between miR-653 and hsa_circ_0004771 or ZEB2 expression in breast cancer tumor tissues. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0004771 and ZEB2 served as equally authentic of miR-653 mimics to induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Hsa_circ_0004771/miR-653/ZEB2 regulatory feedback revealed a new molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, which might provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancer.
Octamer binding transcription factor-4 expression is associated with cervical cancer malignancy and histological differentiation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Zi-ye , Liu Xiao-bo , Yang Feng-mei , Liu Ling , Zhao Jin-zhang , Gao Bo , Li Sheng-bao 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Objective: In this work, the relationship between octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4) expression and the clinicopathological features of cervical cancer (CC) is evaluated in detail.
Methods: The library databases Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, Wan Fang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for research related to these concepts published from the time the databases were established until May 2018. The obtained studies are screened, extracted, and evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and meta-analysis is carried out via RevMan 5.3.
Results: Ten case–control studies, including 408 cases of CC, 164 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 148 cases of normal cervix, are included in the analysis. Results show that OCT-4 levels are statistically significantly different between the CC and normal cervical tissue groups (odds ratio (OR) = 15.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.70, 27.94), the CC and CIN groups (OR = 5.64, 95% CI: 3.23, 9.86), the CIN and normal cervical tissues groups (OR = 7.13, 95% CI: 2.41, 21.05), and the CC well/moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated groups (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.81). OCT-4 is not statistically significantly different between CIN I + II and CIN III tissues (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: −0.02, 0.81), the CC lymphatic and non-lymphatic metastasis groups (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.83, 4.47), the FIGO I and FIGO II groups (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.29, 2.13), and the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma groups (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 0.70, 3.44).
Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that OCT-4 expression is associated with CC malignancy and histological differentiation. This finding, however, is subject to quantitative studies and quality tests.
Mechanisms of natural resistance of Balb/c mice to experimental liver amoebiasis
Authors: Cortes Azucena , Nequiz Mario , Sandoval Janeth , Mendoza Edith , Gudiño Marco , López-Velázquez Gabriel , Enríquez-Flores Sergio , Saavedra Emma , Pérez-Tamayo Ruy , Olivos-García Alfonso 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEntamoeba histolytica is the parasite responsible for human amoebiasis. The analysis of the natural resistance mechanisms of some rodents to amoebic liver abscess (ALA) may reveal alternative pathogenicity mechanisms to those previously discovered in the experimental model of ALA in hamsters. In this work the natural resistance of BALB/c mice to ALA was explored by performing: (i) in vivo chemotaxis analysis with a specifically designed chamber; (ii) in vitro amoebic survival in fresh and decomplemented serum; (iii) histological temporal course analysis of ALA development in mice with different treatments (hypocomplementemic, hyperimmune and treated with iNOS and NADPH oxidase inhibitors) and (iv) mouse liver amoebic infection by both in situ implantation of ALA from hamsters and inoculation of parasites into the peritoneal cavity. The results show that E. histolytica clearance from the mouse liver is related to a low chemotactic activity of complement, which results in poor inflammatory response and parasite inability to cause tissue damage. Also, the absence of amoebic tropism for the mouse liver is correlated with resistance to experimental liver amoebiasis.
New frontiers in the treatment of comorbid cardiovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Brassington Kurt , Selemidis Stavros , Bozinovski Steven , Vlahos Ross 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterised by persistent airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and is currently the fourth leading cause of death globally. It is now well established that cardiovascular-related comorbidities contribute to morbidity and mortality in COPD, with approximately 50% of deaths in COPD patients attributed to a cardiovascular event (e.g. myocardial infarction). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and COPD share various risk factors including hypertension, sedentarism, smoking and poor diet but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully established. However, there is emerging and compelling experimental and clinical evidence to show that increased oxidative stress causes pulmonary inflammation and that the spill over of pro-inflammatory mediators from the lungs into the systemic circulation drives a persistent systemic inflammatory response that alters blood vessel structure, through vascular remodelling and arterial stiffness resulting in atherosclerosis. In addition, regulation of endothelial-derived vasoactive substances (e.g. nitric oxide (NO)), which control blood vessel tone are altered by oxidative damage of vascular endothelial cells, thus promoting vascular dysfunction, a key driver of CVD. In this review, the detrimental role of oxidative stress in COPD and comorbid CVD are discussed and we propose that targeting oxidant-dependent mechanisms represents a novel strategy in the treatment of COPD-associated CVD.
Enhancing Clinical Supervision Using High-Definition Real-Time Digital Recording, Annotation, and Bluetooth Technology
Authors: Means Jennifer W. , McCaffrey Casey 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The use of real-time recording technology for clinical instruction allows student clinicians to more easily collect data, self-reflect, and move toward independence as supervisors continue to provide continuation of supportive methods. This article discusses how the use of high-definition real-time recording, Bluetooth technology, and embedded annotation may enhance the supervisory process. It also reports results of graduate students' perception of the benefits and satisfaction with the types of technology used.

Method
Survey data were collected from graduate students about their use and perceived benefits of advanced technology to support supervision during their 1st clinical experience.

Results
Survey results indicate that students found the use of their video recordings useful for self-evaluation, data collection, and therapy preparation. The students also perceived an increase in self-confidence through the use of the Bluetooth headsets as their supervisors could provide guidance and encouragement without interrupting the flow of their therapy sessions by entering the room to redirect them.

Conclusions
The use of video recording technology can provide opportunities for students to review: videos of prospective clients they will be treating, their treatment videos for self-assessment purposes, and for additional data collection. Bluetooth technology provides immediate communication between the clinical educator and the student. Students reported that the result of that communication can improve their self-confidence, perceived performance, and subsequent shift toward independence.
Mutations in the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein can broadly rescue blocks at multiple steps in the virus replication cycle
Authors: Van Duyne Rachel , Kuo Lillian S. , Pham Phuong , Fujii Ken , Freed Eric O. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
HIV-1 adapts over time to bypass blocks imposed by genetic lesions in the viral genome, typically by acquiring compensatory mutations in the defective gene itself. Here we report that HIV-1 can evade replication blocks by acquiring mutations in the envelope (Env) glycoprotein that enhance cell-to-cell transmission. We identified mutations in Env that arose in the presence of the antiretroviral inhibitor Dolutegravir, thereby circumventing restriction. These data, which demonstrate that mutations in Env can provide escape from an anti–HIV-1 drug in vitro, could have broad implications for HIV-1 drug resistance and viral transmission.
Language and (in)hospitality
Authors: Vigouroux Cécile B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBased on a long-term ethnography of Sub-Saharan African migrants in Cape Town, South Africa, this article examines how language as ideology and practice shapes the rules of guesting and hosting and helps (re)configure the on-going positionalities of both the nation-state-defined-host and the foreigner-guest, making murky the distinction between the two. The key notion ofhospitalitydeveloped here is examined aspracticesrather than asidentities.I argue that this theoretical shift makes it possible to unsettle the host and guest positions by not positing them a priori or conceptualizing them as immutable. It likewise makes it possible to deconstruct the categories imposed by the State and by which scholars and policy makers alike abide, such as the dichotomy betweenmigrantsandlocals. At a broader level, the paper draws attention to the Occidentalism that has plagued academia, particularly in the work done on migration. I show how the South African case challenges many scholarly assumptions on language and migration overwhelmingly based on the examination of South-to-North migrations, which do not adequately represent worldwide migrations.
Absolute chronology of early sound changes reflected in Pre-Old English runic inscriptions
Authors: Waxenberger Gaby 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article presents an absolute chronology of the early major sound changes reflected in the Pre-Old English (Pre-OE) runic inscriptions. These inscriptions were written in the Pre-fuþorc, which was still close to the Common Germanicfuþark(= Olderfuþark) of 24 characters but was extended and modified during the Pre-OE period (ca. AD 425–610/650). The Caistor-by-Norwich Brooch (ca. AD 610–650) marks the beginning of Old English (OE) because the new and modified runes –ᚩ o,ᚪa,ᛟœ,ᚨæ – with their new phonemic sound-values appear together for the first time. All the relevant sound-changes were completed by then. The Pre-OE and also the Pre-Old Frisian (Pre-OFris.) data reveal four phases of development. In my proposed chronology phases one and four are straightforward, while phases two and three are more complex, with two scenarios being possible.
Reduction of unstressed vowels in Proto-Frisian and the Germanic ‘Auslautgesetze’
Authors: Versloot Arjen P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe quantitative reduction and loss of Proto-Germanic vowels during the transition from some form of Common North West Germanic to the attested ‘Old’ languages, such as Old English and Old Frisian, is a complicated process, interfering with morphological restructuring processes. Various reconstructions have been presented, the most extensive one byBoutkan (1995). Scrutiny of the Runic Frisian data, from the period ca. 500–800, shows that especially the apocope of PWGmc *-aand of *-u< PGmc *-ōshould be positioned much later in the relative chronology than envisaged by Boutkan. The order that can be derived from the Runic Frisian data reflects a gradual loss of one mora, running in a cline from the least salient to the most salient vowel, which provides a phonetic rationale for the development. This gradual mora reduction can be dated to the period between ca. 500 and 700. This absolute dating can have implications for phonological processes in which root vowels interact with the quality or quantity of the vowel in the following syllable.
Positioning and proximity of reader engagement
Authors: Jiang Feng (Kevin) , Ma Xiaohao 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this chapter we look at engagement by exploring how writers involve readers while expressing authorial identity in professional and apprentice genres. Based on a modified model of engagement features (Hyland 2005c; Hyland and Jiang 2016), this paper examines a 1.2 million-word corpus of 30 published research articles and 20 PhD confirmation reports in educational studies. We further relate the engagement features to the rhetorical strategies of proximity and positioning in the construction of authorial identity (Hyland 2012). Results show that journal articles include far more engagement devices than doctoral confirmation reports, while PhD writers express a higher degree of proximity than professional experts. Thus different authorial identities impact the patterns and strategies of reader engagement in academic persuasion.
Authorial engagement in business emails
Authors: Carrió-Pastor María Luisa 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The objectives of this chapter are to contrast the ways in which businesspeople communicate according to their linguistic background and to analyse how writers with different cultural environments transmit information to readers. The specific focus will be on whether writers in a business context use strategies originating from their cultural/linguistic background or they try to adapt to their readers in order to engage and persuade them. To this end, I compiled a corpus of a hundred and fourteen emails written in English by two groups of business managers, one Spanish and the other Chinese. After the analysis of the data, I found that the Spanish writers of English used more attitude and engagement markers in business emails than the Chinese writers. It may be concluded that authors with different mother tongues use different attitudinal and engagement strategies in English as a lingua franca.
Patients engaging their doctors in the doctor-patient relationship
Authors: Woodward-Kron Robyn , Wilson Emily , Gall Jane 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Patient-centred care is considered a cornerstone of effective healthcare. It is an approach that acknowledges the patient as a person rather than a disease and that views the doctor-patient relationship as an alliance. This chapter examines the contributions of patients as co-participants in patient-centred care through a case study of a general practice in Australia: data are 15 audio-recorded doctor-patient consultations which were analysed for features of casual conversation, informed by a functional model of language. The findings suggest that patients actively engaged in contributing to the doctor-patient relationship through social talk, humour, laughter, and reciprocity. Implications are that the construct of ‘relationship-centred care’ may be a better way of envisaging how patients and doctors can collaborate for healthcare goals.