bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes in Early Versus Late Presentation of Focal Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia Affecting the Upper Extremity: A Review of 4 Cases
Authors: Gershkovich Grigory , Kahan David M. , Kozin Scott H. , Zlotolow Daniel A. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia (FFCD) is a rare disorder of the upper and lower extremities. In the distal ulna, a ligamentous tether emerging from the metaphysis crosses the physis and restricts growth, leading to deformity. Lesion excision before radiocapitellar subluxation has been shown to restore growth and allow remodeling. We review the outcomes of 4 patients with FFCD of the distal ulna after the occurrence of radiocapitellar incongruity.

Methods:
This retrospective review examined 4 patients diagnosed with FFCD of the distal ulna from 2007 to 2015. Diagnosis was based on radiographic parameters and pathology when available. The radiographic and functional outcomes are reported.

Results:
Three males and 1 female patient presented at an average of 37.5 months (range, 22 to 48 mo) with ulnar FFCD and radiocapitellar joint incongruity. The first patient had progressive radiocapitellar dislocation, poor motion, pain, and deformity. The second patient presented for a third opinion after previous surgery secondary to deformity progression and radial head dislocation. These patients required salvage procedures with creation of a 1-bone forearm. Patient 3 had frank dislocation of the radiocapitellar joint, yet maintained functional motion. This family elected for continued observation. Patient 4 had a 50% subluxation of the radiocapitellar joint and underwent tether excision and ulnar lengthening with an external fixator. Both joint congruity and deformity improved with functional forearm and elbow motion.

Conclusions:
Delayed treatment of ulnar FFCD may require salvage procedures to maximize function and provide pain relief.
Predictors of Laparoscopic Simulation Performance Among Practicing Obstetrician Gynecologists
Authors: Mathews Shyama , Brodman Michael , D'Angelo Debra , Chudnoff Scott , McGovern Peter , Kolev Tamara , Bensinger Giti , Mudiraj Santosh , Nemes Andreea , Feldman David , Kischak Patricia , Ascher-Walsh Charles 
Published: April 2018

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;217:596.e1–596.e7)
Gynecology is a unique surgical specialty in that a large percentage of attending physicians in this field perform a small number of surgical procedures each year. Therefore, there is a greater need compared with other specialties to provide methods by which gynecologists can maintain surgical skills. Simulation has gained acceptance as a useful method for technical skill training and assessment in a variety of surgical specialties. Several studies have demonstrated that simulation training is an effective method for improving laparoscopic surgical performance in surgical residents in obstetrics and gynecology, but few have addressed the use of simulated laparoscopic surgical training in attending surgeons. Evaluating performance as it correlates to active physician practice provides an opportunity for gynecologists to assess their skill and individualize training to maintain skill levels as case volumes fluctuate.
OV21/PETROC: A Randomized Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup Phase II Study of Intraperitoneal Versus Intravenous Chemotherapy Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Optimal Debulking Surgery in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Provencher D. M. , Gallagher C. J. , Parulekar W. R. , Ledermann J. A. , Armstrong D. K. , Brundage M. , Gourley C. , Romero I. , Gonzalez-Martin A. , Feeney M. , Bessette P. , Hall M. , Weberpals J. I. , Hall G. , Lau S. K. , Gauthier P. , Fung-Kee-Fung M. , Eisenhauer E. A. , Winch C. , Tu D. , MacKay H. J. 
Published: April 2018

(Abstracted from Ann Oncol 2018;29(2):431–438)
The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) prior to surgical debulking is increasingly used for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In women with EOC, the principal site of disease is the peritoneal cavity. As a means of increasing the dose intensity delivered to the tumor, intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy has been investigated. Three randomized clinical trials and a meta-analysis have demonstrated improved survival for women with stage III EOC who—following optimal, primary debulking surgery—received a combination of intravenous (IV) and IP chemotherapy. Updated data from Gynecologic Oncology Group trial 172 (GOG 172), the most recent of these trials, reported continued benefit for women who had received the experimental arm. However, the use of IP/IV chemotherapy for advanced-stage EOC remains controversial. There has been a continuing debate on the impact of drug scheduling on the benefits of IP and concern over the toxicity of IP cisplatin used in the positive studies, compared with IV carboplatin.
The Impact of a Dedicated Robotic Team on Robotic-Assisted Sacrocolpopexy Outcomes
Authors: Carter-Brooks Charelle M. , Du Angela L. , Bonidie Michael J. , Shepherd Jonathan P. 
Published: April 2018

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2018;24:13–16)
The use of robotic surgery in female reconstructive surgery has enabled more surgeons to perform sacrocolpopexies using a minimally invasive procedure. Compared with abdominal sacrocolpopexy, this approach is associated with decreased blood loss, postoperative pain, length of admission, and postoperative morbidity, but with similar long-term outcomes. The robotic-assisted surgical system is the most expensive modality for sacrocolpopexy and has been criticized for its high cost.
Mobile forward-looking infrared technology allows rapid assessment of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in hemorrhage and blackout conditions
Authors: Barron Morgan R. , Kuckelman John P. , McClellan John M. , Derickson Michael J. , Phillips Cody J. , Marko Shannon T. , Sokol Kyle , Eckert Matthew J. , Martin Matthew J. 
Published: April 2018

INTRODUCTION
Objective assessment of final resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) position and adequate distal aortic occlusion is critical in patients with hemorrhagic shock, especially as feasibility is being increasingly investigated in the prehospital setting. We propose that mobile forward-looking infrared (FLIR) thermal imaging is a fast, reliable, and noninvasive method to assess REBOA position and efficacy in scenarios applicable to battlefield and prehospital care.

METHODS
Ten swine were randomized to a 40% hemorrhage group (H, n = 5) or nonhemorrhage group (NH, n = 5). Three experiments were completed after Zone I placement of a REBOA catheter. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta was deployed for 30 minutes in all animals followed by randomized continued deployment versus sham in both light and blackout conditions. Forward-looking infrared images and hemodynamic data were obtained. Images were presented to 62 blinded observers for assessment of REBOA inflation status.

RESULTS
There was no difference in hemodynamic or laboratory values at baseline. The H group was significantly more hypotensive (mean arterial pressure 44 vs. 60 mm Hg, p < 0.01), vasodilated (systemic vascular resistance 634 vs. 938dyn·s/cm5, p = 0.02), and anemic (hematocrit 12 vs. 23.2%, p < 0.01). Hemorrhage group animals remained more hypotensive, anemic, and acidotic throughout all three experiments. There was a significant difference in the temperature change (ΔTemp) measured by FLIR between animals with REBOA inflated versus not inflated (5.7°C vs. 0.7°C, p < 0.01). The H and NH animals exhibited equal magnitudes of ΔTemp in both inflated and deflated states. Blinded observer analysis of FLIR images correctly identified adequate REBOA inflation and aortic occlusion 95.4% at 5 minutes and 98.8% at 10 minutes (positive predictive value at 5 minutes = 99% and positive predictive value at 10 minutes = 100%).

CONCLUSIONS
Mobile thermal imaging is an easy, rapid, and reliable method for assessing distal perfusion after occlusion by REBOA. Smartphone-based FLIR technology allows for confirmation of adequate REBOA placement at the point of care, and performance was not degraded in the setting of major hemorrhage or blackout conditions.
Forced vital capacity less than 1: A mark for high-risk patients
Authors: Warner Rachel , Knollinger Porter , Hobbs Gerald , Lilly Christa , Grabo Daniel , Wilson Alison 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND
Rib fractures (RFx) continue to be a source of morbidity and mortality. A RFx care pathway has been used based on forced vital capacity (FVC). The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that deterioration of FVC to less than 1 after admission is a marker for high-risk patients and affects outcomes.

METHODS
A retrospective study of patients enrolled in an RFx care pathway at a Level 1 trauma center from 2009 to 2014. All patients had an admission FVC greater than 1. 2 groups were analyzed: patients with a lowest inpatient FVC less than 1 (Group A) compared to patients with lowest inpatient FVC of 1 or greater (Group B). Complications [pneumonia, upgrade to the intensive care unit, readmission, and intubation] and demographics were examined. Patients without documented admission FVCs were excluded. p < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS
A total of 1,106 patients were analyzed (Group A, 187; Group B, 919). Patients whose FVC dropped less than 1 (Group A) had a higher complication rate [15% (Group A) vs 3.2% (Group B); p < 0.001]. Rates of pneumonia, readmission, unplanned upgrade, and intubation were all significantly higher in Group A [pneumonia: 9% (Group A) vs 1.4% (Group B), p < 0.001; readmission: 4% (Group A) vs 1.7% (Group B), p = 0.04; upgrade; 3.7% (Group A) vs 0.2% (Group B), p < 0.001; intubation: 1.6% (Group A) vs 0.1% (Group B), p = 0.02]. Hospital length of stay was longer in Group A [10 days (Group A) vs 4 days (Group B), p < 0.001].

CONCLUSIONS
Forced vital capacity predicts complications in patients with RFx. Patients whose FVC falls less than 1 during admission are at high risk for pulmonary complications. Daily FVC testing for patients admitted with RFx can predict outcomes. Forced vital capacity less than 1 should be considered as a marker for complications. Once FVC drops less than 1, patients should be considered for increased interventions. Even if the patient has not yet clinically deteriorated, consideration for higher level of care is warranted.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, level III.
Glycoprotein 3 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus exhibits an unusual hairpin-like membrane topology
Authors: Zhang Minze , Krabben Ludwig , Wang Fangkun , Veit Michael 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe glycoprotein GP3 of the Arterivirus porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) consists of a cleaved signal peptide, a highly glycosylated domain, a short hydrophobic region and an unglycosylated C-terminal domain. GP3 is supposed to form a complex with GP2 and GP4 in virus particles, but secretion of GP3 from cells has also been reported.We analyzed the membrane topology of GP3 from various PRRSV strains. A fraction of the protein is secreted from transfected cells; GP3 from PRRSV-1 strains to a greater extent than GP3 from PRRSV-2 strains. This secretion behavior is reversed after exchange of the variable C-terminal domain. A fluorescence protease protection assay shows that the C-terminus of GP3, fused to GFP, is resistant against proteolytic digestion in permeabilized cells. Furthermore, glycosylation sites inserted into the C-terminal part of GP3 are used. Both experiments indicate that the C-terminus of GP3 is translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Deletion of the conserved hydrophobic region greatly enhances secretion of GP3 and fusion of this domain to GFP promotes membrane anchorage. Bioinformatics suggests that the hydrophobic region might form an amphipathic helix. Accordingly, exchanging only a few amino acids in its hydrophilic face prevents and in its hydrophobic face enhances secretion of GP3. Exchanging the latter amino acids in the context of the viral genome did not affect release of virions, but released particles were not infectious. In sum, GP3 exhibits an unusual hairpin-like membrane topology that might explain why a fraction of the protein is secreted.IMPORTANCEThe porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most important pathogen in the pork industry. It causes persistent infections that lead to reduced weight gain of piglets; highly pathogenic strains even kill 90% of an infected pig population. PRRSV cannot be eliminated from pig farms by vaccination due to the large amino acid variability between the existing strains, especially in the glycoproteins. Here we analyzed basic structural features of glycoprotein 3 (GP3) from various PRRSV strains. We show that the protein exhibits an unusual hairpin-like membrane topology; membrane anchoring might occur via an amphipathic helix. This rather weak membrane anchor explains why a fraction of the protein is secreted from cells. Interestingly, PRRSV-1 strains secrete more GP3 than PRRSV-2. We speculate that secreted GP3 might play a role during PRRSV infection of pigs; it might serve as a decoy to distract antibodies away from virus particles.
Inhibition of EV71 replication by an interferon-stimulated gene product L3HYPDH
Authors: Liu Jian , Liu Luogen , Zeng Shinuan , Meng Xiaobin , Lei Nanfeng , Yang Hai , Li Runcai , Mu Xin , Guo Xuemin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEnterovirus 71 (EV71) is the common causative agent of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). Despite evidence in mice model suggested that the interferon (IFN) signaling pathways play a role in defending against this virus, knowledge on the IFN-mediated antiviral response is still limited. Here we identified an IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) called L3HYPHD, whose expression inhibits EV71 replication. Mapping assay indicated that amino acids 61-120 and 295-354 are critical for its optimal antiviral activity. Mechanismly, L3HYPDH specifically inhibits protein translation mediated by EV71 internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Our data thus uncovered a new mechanism utilized by the host cell to restrict EV71 replication.
Effect of Infection with, and Treatment of, Sensitive and Resistant Strains of Teladorsagia Circumcincta on the Ovine Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Watkins Craig A. , Bartley Dave J. , Ergün Burcu Gündüz , Yıldızhan Büşra , Ross-Watt Tracy , Morrison Alison A. , Rosales Sanmartín Maria J. , Strathdee Fiona , Andrews Leigh , Free Andrew 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTNematodes are one of the main impactors on health, welfare and productivity of farmed animals. Teladorsagia circumcincta is arguably one of the most globally important nematode species in sheep. Control of these nematode infections is essential and heavily reliant on chemotherapy (anthelmintics), but this has been complicated by the development of anthelmintic resistance. In mammals the composition of the intestinal microbiota has been shown to have a significant effect on overall health. The interactions between host, microbiota and pathogens are complex and influenced by numerous factors. In this study, the interactions between T. circumcincta infections and microbial composition and abundance were investigated. In a preliminary study the intra-and inter-individual diversity and composition of the microbiota of grazing sheep was assessed in two distinct regions of the ovine intestinal tract, the terminal ileum (TI) and rectal contents. Additionally, the effects of experimental infection of sheep with two strains of T. circumcincta (anthelmintic resistant or sensitive) on the microbiota were assessed with and without anthelmintic (monepantel) administration. The inter-animal variability was greater in the TI compared to the rectal samples. However, the alpha-diversity (species richness) was significantly lower in the TI samples. In the experimental study, clear differences were observed between successfully treated animals and those sheep that were left untreated and/or those carrying resistant nematodes. Differences in microbiota between the four different experimental conditions were observed and potential predictive biomarkers were identified. In particular, a restoration of potentially beneficial Bifidobacteria sp. in successfully-treated animals was observed.
Unilateral movement preparation causes task-specific modulation of TMS responses in the passive, opposite limb
Authors: Chye Lilian , Riek Stephan , de Rugy Aymar , Carson Richard G. , Carroll Timothy J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCorticospinal excitability is modulated for muscles on both sides of the body during unilateral movement preparation. For the effector, there is a progressive increase in excitability, and a shift in direction of muscle twitches evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) toward the impending movement. By contrast, the directional characteristics of excitability changes in the opposite (passive) limb have not been fully characterized. Here we assessed how preparation of voluntary forces towards four spatially distinct visual targets with the left wrist alters muscle twitches and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by TMS of left motor cortex. MEPs were facilitated significantly more in muscles homologous to agonist rather than antagonist muscles in the active limb, from 120 ms prior to voluntary EMG onset. Thus, unilateral motor preparation has a directionally-specific influence on pathways projecting to the opposite limb that corresponds to the active muscles rather than the direction of movement in space. The directions of TMS-evoked twitches also deviated toward the impending force direction of the active limb, according to muscle-based coordinates, following the onset of voluntary EMG. The data indicate that preparation of a unilateral movement increases task-dependent excitability in ipsilateral motor cortex, or its downstream projections, that reflect the forces applied by the active limb in an intrinsic (body-centered), rather than an extrinsic (world-centered), coordinate system. The results suggest that ipsilateral motor cortical activity prior to unilateral action reflects the state of the active limb, rather than subliminal motor planning for the passive limb.
Co-existing feedback loops generate tissue-specific circadian rhythms
Authors: Pett J. Patrick , Kondoff Matthew , Bordyugov Grigory , Kramer Achim , Herzel Hanspeter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGene regulatory feedback loops generate autonomous circadian rhythms in mammalian tissues. The well-studied core clock network contains many negative and positive regulations. Multiple feedback loops have been discussed as primary rhythm generators but the design principles of the core clock and differences between tissues are still under debate.Here we use global optimization techniques to fit mathematical models to circadian gene expression profiles for different mammalian tissues. It turns out that for every investigated tissue multiple model parameter sets reproduce the experimental data. We extract for all model versions the most essential feedback loops and find auto-inhibitions of Period and Cryptochrome genes, Bmal1/Rev-erb-α loops, and repressilator motifs as possible rhythm generators. Interestingly, the essential feedback loops differ between tissues, pointing to specific design principles within the hierarchy of mammalian tissue clocks. Self-inhibitions of Per and Cry genes are characteristic for models of SCN clocks, while in liver models many loops act in synergy and are connected by a repressilator motif. Tissue-specific use of a network of co-existing synergistic feedback loops could account for functional differences between organs.
The Hippo pathway effector Taz is required for cell fate specification and fertilization in zebrafish
Authors: Dingare Chaitanya , Niedzwetzki Alina , Klemmt Petra A , Godbersen Svenja , Fuentes Ricardo , Mullins Mary C. , Lecaudey Virginie 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYIn the last decade, Hippo signaling has emerged as a critical pathway integrating extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical cues to regulate cell proliferation and survival, tissue morphology and organ size in vivo. Despite its essential role in organogenesis, surprisingly much less is known about how it connects biomechanical signals to control of cell fate and cell size during development. Here we unravel a novel and unexpected role of the Hippo pathway effector Taz (wwtr1) in the control of cell size and cell fate specification. In teleosts, fertilization occurs through a specific structure at the animal pole, called the micropyle. This opening in the chorion is formed during oogenesis by a specialized somatic follicle cell, the micropylar cell (MC). The MC has a peculiar shape and is much larger than its neighboring follicle cells but the mechanisms underlying its specification and cell shape acquisition are not known. Here we show that Taz is essential for the specification of the MC and subsequent micropyle formation in zebrafish. We identify Taz as the first bona fide MC marker and show that Taz is specifically and strongly enriched in the MC precursor before the cell can be identified morphologically. Altogether, our genetic data and molecular characterization of the MC lead us to propose that Taz is a key regulator of the MC fate activated by physical cues emanating from the oocyte to initiate the MC morphogenetic program. We describe here for the first time the mechanism underlying the specification of the MC fate.
A critical analysis of lifecycle models of the research process and research data management
Authors: Cox Andrew Martin , Tam Winnie Wan Ting 
Published: April 2018

PurposeVisualisations of research and research-related activities including research data management (RDM) as a lifecycle have proliferated in the last decade. The purpose of this paper is to offer a systematic analysis and critique of such models.Design/methodology/approachA framework for analysis synthesised from the literature presented and applied to nine examples.FindingsThe strengths of the lifecycle representation are to clarify stages in research and to capture key features of project-based research. Nevertheless, their weakness is that they typically mask various aspects of the complexity of research, constructing it as highly purposive, serial, uni-directional and occurring in a somewhat closed system. Other types of models such as spiral of knowledge creation or the data journey reveal other stories about research. It is suggested that we need to develop other metaphors and visualisations around research.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of the popular lifecycle model for research and RDM, and also considers alternative ways of representing them.Practical implicationsLibrarians use lifecycle models to explain service offerings to users so the analysis will help them identify clearly the best type of representation for particular cases. The critique offered by the paper also reveals that because researchers do not necessarily identify with a lifecycle representation, alternative ways of representing research need to be developed.Originality/valueThe paper offers a systematic analysis of visualisations of research and RDM current in the Library and Information Studies literature revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the lifecycle metaphor.