bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in non-menopausal and postmenopausal inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China
Authors: Zhou Huanhuan , Zhang Chenghuan , Ni Jingyu , Han Xiaoyun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
To investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and assess the 10-year risk of CVD in non-menopausal and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
A total of 569 patients with T2DM at a Chinese tertiary hospital were investigated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). We evaluated the 10-year risk of CVD, clinical and menopause characteristics in all subjects.

Results
Among the 569 diabetic patients, the incidence of smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, overweight or obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was 0.7, 36.2, 38.1 56.6 and 58.2%, respectively. The usage rate of hypoglycemic agents, antihypertensive agents, lipid modulators and antithrombotic drugs was 88.6, 78.3, 50.0 and 27.1%, respectively. However, only 1.2% of inpatients achieved the three target goals for the control of blood glucose (HbA1c < 7%), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure < 130 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg), and blood lipids (total cholesterol < 174 mg/dL). The 10-year risk of CVD was (1.6 ± 1.5%) and tended to increase along with age (F = 27.726, P <  0.001). For all subjects (n = 569), multiple linear regression analysis showed that menopause (β = 0.275, P <  0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (β = 0.212, P <  0.001), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β = 0.093, P = 0.018) and waist-to-hip-ratio (β = − 0.078, P = 0.047) were risk factors of 10-year risk of CVD, which may explain the variance of 14.3%. In the postmenopausal group (n = 397), LDL-C (β = 0.227, P <  0.001), FPG (β = 0.139, P = 0.003) and time since menopause (β = 0.230, P <  0.001) were found to be associated with CVD, which may explain the variance of 14.6%.

Conclusion
The incidence of dyslipidmia, hypertension, overweight or obesity and NAFLD is high. The level of control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids was found to be extremely low and the treatment status was not ideal. Besides menopause, LDL-C, FPG and time since menopause were found to be independent risk factors for the 10-year risk of CVD. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on comprehensive control of multiple risk factors, such as plasma glucose, blood pressure and serum lipid.
Bacterial microcompartments: catalysis-enhancing metabolic modules for next generation metabolic and biomedical engineering
Authors: Kirst Henning , Kerfeld Cheryl A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bacterial cells have long been thought to be simple cells with little spatial organization, but recent research has shown that they exhibit a remarkable degree of subcellular differentiation. Indeed, bacteria even have organelles such as magnetosomes for sensing magnetic fields or gas vesicles controlling cell buoyancy. A functionally diverse group of bacterial organelles are the bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) that fulfill specialized metabolic needs. Modification and reengineering of these BMCs enable innovative approaches for metabolic engineering and nanomedicine.
Socioeconomic disparities in access to intensive insulin regimens for adults with type 1 diabetes: a qualitative study of patient and healthcare professional perspectives
Authors: Scott Anne , O’Cathain Alicia , Goyder Elizabeth 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Type 1 diabetes is a complex chronic condition which requires lifelong treatment with insulin. Health outcomes are dependent on ability to self-manage the condition. Socioeconomic inequalities have been demonstrated in access to treatment and health outcomes for adults with type 1 diabetes; however, there is a paucity of research exploring how these disparities occur. This study explores the influence of socioeconomic factors in gaining access to intensive insulin regimens for adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
We undertook a qualitative descriptive study informed by a phenomenological perspective. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 28 patients and 6 healthcare professionals involved in their care. The interviews were analysed using a thematic approach. The Candidacy theory for access to healthcare for vulnerable groups framed the analysis.

Results
Access to intensive insulin regimens was through hospital-based specialist services in this sample. Patients from lower socioeconomic groups had difficulty accessing hospital-based services if they were in low paid work and because they lacked the ability to navigate the healthcare system. Once these patients were in the specialist system, access to intensive insulin regimens was limited by non-alignment with healthcare professional goals, poor health literacy, psychosocial problems and poor quality communication. These factors could also affect access to structured diabetes education which itself improved access to intensive insulin regimens. Contact with diabetes specialist nurses and attendance at structured diabetes education courses could ameliorate these barriers.

Conclusions
Access to intensive insulin regimens was hindered for people in lower socioeconomic groups by a complex mix of factors relating to the permeability of specialist services, ability to navigate the healthcare system and patient interactions with healthcare providers. Improving access to diabetes specialist nurses and structured diabetes education for vulnerable patients could lessen socioeconomic disparities in both access to services and health outcomes.
MetaCell: analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data using K-nn graph partitions
Authors: Baran Yael , Bercovich Akhiad , Sebe-Pedros Arnau , Lubling Yaniv , Giladi Amir , Chomsky Elad , Meir Zohar , Hoichman Michael , Lifshitz Aviezer , Tanay Amos 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
scRNA-seq profiles each represent a highly partial sample of mRNA molecules from a unique cell that can never be resampled, and robust analysis must separate the sampling effect from biological variance. We describe a methodology for partitioning scRNA-seq datasets into metacells: disjoint and homogenous groups of profiles that could have been resampled from the same cell. Unlike clustering analysis, our algorithm specializes at obtaining granular as opposed to maximal groups. We show how to use metacells as building blocks for complex quantitative transcriptional maps while avoiding data smoothing. Our algorithms are implemented in the MetaCell R/C++ software package.
Phylogenetics, patterns of genetic variation and population dynamics of Trypanosoma terrestris support both coevolution and ecological host-fitting as processes driving trypanosome evolution
Authors: Pérez Sergio D. , Grummer Jared A. , Fernandes-Santos Renata C. , José Caroline Testa , Medici Emília Patrícia , Marcili Arlei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundA considerable amount of evidence has favored ecological host-fitting, rather than coevolution, as the main mechanism responsible for trypanosome divergence. Nevertheless, beyond the study of human pathogenic trypanosomes, the genetic basis of host specificity among trypanosomes isolated from forest-inhabiting hosts remains largely unknown.MethodsTo test possible scenarios on ecological host-fitting and coevolution, we combined a host capture recapture strategy with parasite genetic data and studied the genetic variation, population dynamics and phylogenetic relationships ofTrypanosoma terrestris, a recently described trypanosome species isolated from lowland tapirs in the Brazilian Pantanal and Atlantic Forest biomes.ResultsWe made inferences ofT. terrestrispopulation structure at three possible sources of genetic variation: geography, tapir hosts and ‘putative’ vectors. We found evidence of a bottleneck affecting the contemporary patterns of parasite genetic structure, resulting in little genetic diversity and no evidence of genetic structure among hosts or biomes. Despite this, a strongly divergent haplotype was recorded at a microgeographical scale in the landscape of Nhecolândia in the Pantanal. However, although tapirs are promoting the dispersion of the parasites through the landscape, neither geographical barriers nor tapir hosts were involved in the isolation of this haplotype. Taken together, these findings suggest that either host-switching promoted by putative vectors or declining tapir population densities are influencing the current parasite population dynamics and genetic structure. Similarly, phylogenetic analyses revealed thatT. terrestrisis strongly linked to the evolutionary history of its perissodactyl hosts, suggesting a coevolving scenario between Perissodactyla and their trypanosomes. Additionally,T. terrestrisandT. grayiare closely related, further indicating that host-switching is a common feature promoting trypanosome evolution.ConclusionsThis study provides two lines of evidence, both micro- and macroevolutionary, suggesting that both host-switching by ecological fitting and coevolution are two important and non-mutually-exclusive processes driving the evolution of trypanosomes. In line with other parasite systems, our results support that even in the face of host specialization and coevolution, host-switching may be common and is an important determinant of parasite diversification.
Effect of ethanol extract from Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10-fermented soymilk on wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat
Authors: Chuang Yu-Chun , Cheng Meng-Chun , Lee Chia-Chia , Chiou Tai-Ying , Tsai Tsung-Yu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Wound healing is a highly dynamic phenomenon comprising numerous coordinated steps including homeostasis/coagulation, inflammation, migration, proliferation, and remodeling. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multisystem chronic epidemic that prolongs inflammation in wounds and is associated with impaired healing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an ethanol extract from Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 (TWK10)-fermented soymilk on wound healing. The anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of TWK10-fermented soymilk on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells were examined. The ethanol extract of TWK10-fermented soymilk (100 µg/mL) significantly decreased nitric oxide production from 11.34 ± 0.74 μM to 8.24 ± 2.02 µM (p < 0.05) and enhanced proliferation in Detroit 551 cells cultured in high-glucose medium; the cell number peaked at 128.44 ± 7.67% (compared to the untreated control) at 600 µg/mL. An ethanol extract of TWK10-fermented soymilk + vaseline-treated rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic wounds was generated herein, and the following groups were formed herein: normal control (NC), blank control (BC), low dose group (LD, 0.24 mg/wound), intermediate dose (MD, 0.48 mg/wound), and high dose (HD, 2.40 mg/wound). On day 14 after wound infliction, the wound area in the LD, MD, and HD groups was significantly decreased to 10.2, 8.4, and 8.5% respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, in the LD, MD, and, HD groups, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were downregulated in the wounded skin. These results show that the topical application of the ethanol extract of TWK10-fermented soymilk is beneficial for enhancing wound healing and for the closure of diabetic wounds.
Effects of exogenous lipids and cold acclimation on lycopene production and fatty acid composition in Blakeslea trispora
Authors: Lingran Feng , Qiang Wang , Xiaobin Yu , Kwame Fred 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExogenous lipids serving as stimulators to improve lycopene production inBlakeslea trisporahave been widely reported. However, the selection basis of exogenous lipids and their effects on intracellular lipids are not very clear. In this study, five plant oils with different fatty acid compositions were selected to investigate their effects on lycopene production, fatty acid composition and the desaturation degree of intracellular lipids. Among the oils, soybean oil, with a fatty acid composition similar to that of mycelium, exhibited the best stimulating effect on lycopene formation (improvement of 82.1%). The plant oils enhanced the total content of intracellular lipids and the desaturation degree of reserve lipids due to the alteration of fatty acid composition, especially in neutral lipids. Lycopene production was increased with the improved desaturation degree of intracellular lipids, which may be attributed to the enhancement of storage capacity for lycopene in storage lipid, thus reducing the feedback regulation of free lycopene. In addition, the increase of the desaturation degree of reserve lipids through temperature-changing fermentation also enhanced lycopene production. The present study could serve as a basis for a better understanding of the relationship between the fatty acid composition of reserve lipids and lycopene production.
Income diversification strategies among pastoralists in Central Asia: Findings from Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Sabyrbekov Rahat 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The loss of land productivity is one of the key challenges facing land use policy-makers worldwide. Pastoralist societies are particularly vulnerable to the loss of land productivity due to their dependence on pastures to raise livestock. Decreasing this dependence through the diversification of livelihood strategies could potentially reduce the vulnerabilities of such societies, with the added benefit of reducing livestock pressure on pastures. This study examines on-pasture income diversification strategies among Kyrgyz pastoralist societies and aims to identify which factors lead to tourism engagement as a non-livestock pasture-related income source. Both individual household and regional (rayon) features associated with diversification are investigated, as are factors such as the perceived high levels of pasture productivity loss. The results show that the income diversification among households differs depending on the number of head of livestock a household owns, regional differences and whether a household manages livestock belonging to others. In addition, the study found no statistically significant result that would show that high perception of pasture degradation would lead to adoption of non-livestock livelihoods, i.e. tourism.
Building feature extraction method based on double reflection imaging dictionary
Authors: Deng Honggao , Xu Tingfa , Liu Qinghua , Zhang Yuhan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the technology of building feature extraction, multi-path virtual image appears in the imaging result because the imaging scene is composed of complex wall model and the observation distance of the through-wall radar is short. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a double reflection imaging dictionary algorithm to extract building scattering center. In this algorithm, the propagation models of direct path and double reflection path are established with the direct path imaging dictionary and the double reflection imaging dictionary, the corresponding optimization problems are constructed. Finally, the multi-perspective fusion imaging steps are taken to suppress the false image according to the non-correlation of false image from the different reflection path. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Effect of Polytetrafluoroethylene Particles in Cathode Catalyst Layer Based on Carbon Nanotube for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Weerathunga Don Terrence Dhammika , Jayawickrama Samindi Madhubha , Phua Yin Kan , Nobori Kazutaka , Fujigaya Tsuyohiko 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Improvement of the utilization efficiency of Pt by improving the mass diffusion is key especially for carbon nanotube (CNT)-based electrocatalyst layers (CL) of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Here, we introduced hydrophobic spherical polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles into the CNT-based CL for the first time to improve the diffusion of oxygen and water. Catalyst-coated gas diffusion layers (CCG) were prepared by vacuum filtration method and membrane electrode assembles were prepared by hot pressing of CCGs with Nafion membrane. By incorporating PTFE particles specifically into the cathode CL, a large increase of power density was obtained mainly due to the improvement of hydrophobicity. Addition of the PTFE was effective especially during low humidity operations. Since the filtration process is simple and useful especially for CNT-based electrocatalysts, our findings are quite beneficial to realize CNT-based PEMFC, which is promising especially for the next generation PEMFCs operated under high-temperature and low humidity.
Interval Exercise Lowers Circulating CD105 Extracellular Vesicles in Prediabetes
Authors: EICHNER NATALIE Z. M. , GILBERTSON NICOLE M. , HEISTON EMILY M. , MUSANTE LUCA , LA SALVIA SABRINA , WELTMAN ARTHUR , ERDBRUGGER UTA , MALIN STEVEN K. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are purported to mediate type 2 diabetes and CVD risk and development. Physical activity and a balanced diet reduce disease risk, but no study has tested the hypothesis that short-term interval (INT) training would reduce EV compared with continuous (CONT) exercise in adults with prediabetes.

Methods
Eighteen obese adults (age, 63.8 ± 1.5 yr; body mass index, 31.0 ± 1.3 kg·m−2) were screened for prediabetes using American Diabetes Association criteria (75 g oral glucose tolerance test). Subjects were randomized to INT (n = 10, alternating 3-min intervals at 90% and 50% HRpeak, respectively) or CONT (n = 8, 70% HRpeak) training for 12 supervised sessions over 13 d for 60 min·d−1. Cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙ O2peak), weight (kg), as well as ad libitum dietary intake were assessed and arterial stiffness (augmentation index via applanation tonometry) was calculated using total AUC during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test performed 24 h after the last exercise bout. Total EV, platelet EV (CD31+/CD41+), endothelial EV (CD105; CD31+/ CD41−), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) (CD31+), and leukocyte EV (CD45+; CD45+/CD41−) were analyzed via imaging flow cytometry preintervention/postintervention.

Results
The INT exercise increased V˙O2peak (P = 0.04) compared with CONT training. Although training had no effect on platelet or leukocyte EV, INT decreased Annexin V− endothelial EV CD105 compared with CONT (P = 0.04). However, after accounting for dietary sugar intake, the intensity effect was lost (P = 0.18). Increased ad libitum dietary sugar intake after training was linked to elevated AV+ CD105 (r = 0.49, P = 0.06) and AV− CD45+ (r = 0.59, P = 0.01). Nonetheless, increased V˙O2peak correlated with decreased AV+ CD105 (r = −0.60, P = 0.01).

Conclusions
Interval exercise training decreases endothelial-derived EV in adults with prediabetes. Although increased sugar consumption may alter EV after a short-term exercise intervention, fitness modifies EV count.
Salt Loading Blunts Central and Peripheral Postexercise Hypotension
Authors: BABCOCK MATTHEW C. , ROBINSON AUSTIN T. , WATSO JOSEPH C. , MIGDAL KAMILA U. , MARTENS CHRISTOPHER R. , EDWARDS DAVID G. , PESCATELLO LINDA S. , FARQUHAR WILLIAM B. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
High salt intake is a widespread cardiovascular risk factor with systemic effects. These effects include an expansion of plasma volume, which may interfere with postexercise hypotension (PEH). However, the effects of high salt intake on central and peripheral indices of PEH remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that high salt intake would attenuate central and peripheral PEH.

Methods
Nineteen healthy adults (7 female/12 male; age, 25 ± 4 yr; body mass index, 23.3 ± 2.2 kg·m−2; V̇O2peak, 41.6 ± 8.7 mL·min−1·kg−1; systolic blood pressure (BP), 112 ± 9 mm Hg; diastolic BP, 65 ± 9 mm Hg) participated in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. Participants were asked to maintain a 2300 mg·d−1 sodium diet for 10 d on two occasions separated by ≥2 wk. Total salt intake was manipulated via ingestion of capsules containing either table salt (3900 mg·d−1) or placebo (dextrose) during each diet. On the 10th day, participants completed 50 min of cycling at 60% V̇O2peak. A subset of participants (n = 8) completed 60 min of seated rest (sham trial). Beat-to-beat BP was measured in-laboratory for 60 min after exercise via finger photoplethysmography. Brachial and central BPs were measured for 24 h after exercise via ambulatory BP monitor.

Results
Ten days of high salt intake increased urinary sodium excretion (134 ± 70 (dextrose) vs 284 ± 74 mmol per 24 h (salt), P < 0.001), expanded plasma volume (7.2% ± 10.8%), and abolished PEH during in-laboratory BP monitoring (main effect of diet, P < 0.001). Ambulatory systolic BPs were higher for 12 h after exercise during the salt and sham trials compared with the dextrose trial (average change, 3.6 ± 2.1 mm Hg (dextrose), 9.9 ± 1.4 mm Hg (salt), 9.8 ± 2.5 mm Hg (sham); P = 0.01). Ambulatory central systolic BP was also higher during the salt trial compared with dextrose trial.

Conclusion
High salt intake attenuates peripheral and central PEH, potentially reducing the beneficial cardiovascular effects of acute aerobic exercise.
Salivary nitric oxide, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and salivary flow rate in smokers and non-smokers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bachtiar Endang Winiati , Putri Atikah Cyntia , Bachtiar Boy Muchlis 
Published: October 2019

Background: Salivary nitric oxide plays an important role as an antibacterial agent in the oral cavity. Here, we analyze salivary nitric oxide, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) scores and the salivary flow rate in smokers and non-smokers which has not been done previously. Methods: A cross sectional study included 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. Their OHI-S results were categorized as “good,” “medium,” or “bad.” Unstimulated saliva samples were collected, and their nitric oxide concentration was measured using the Griess method. Results: The salivary flow rate in smokers was lower, at 0.30 ml/minute, compared to non-smokers who had a salivary flow rate of 0.33 ml/minute. This was statistically insignificant. There was a significant difference in the concentrations of nitric oxide between smokers and non-smokers (p < 0.05). Smokers had higher concentrations than non-smokers (185.4 µM Vs 114.60 µM). In addition, there was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.305) between the concentration of salivary nitric oxide level and the OHI-S results. Conclusions: It was concluded that salivary nitric oxide concentration was higher in smokers, and the oral hygiene condition of smokers was poor.
Sociology, emotions and society in Latin America: a short systematisation
Authors: Scribano Adrián 
Published: October 2019

The role of emotions in the processes of social structuring on a planetary scale is now undeniable, and is also the focus of numerous academic and political discussions. Latin America is no exception to the current geopolitics of emotions, and the momentum for the systematic study of emotions has been consolidated and increased in the last two decades.
This article aims to outline the current state of research for the sociology of emotions in the region. Despite the diversity and the preponderance of multidisciplinary approaches along with the difficulty in identifying and organising specific information, it aims to provide the reader with a first guide to what has been contributed from Latin America to this field of the discipline. First, the situation is outlined by country, indicating groups and/or well-known researchers as well as the topics being investigated and the corresponding publications. Second, an overview of investigations across the region is provided by using information from the Working Group of the Latin American Association of Sociology WG 26 ALAS on bodies and emotions. Third, a possible research agenda for the coming years is proposed. The article ends by emphasising the critical nature of the sociology of emotions in Latin America and by proposing creativity/expressiveness as a methodology, and love, beauty and hope as themes to be developed.