bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small impacts on the giant planet Jupiter
Authors: Hueso R. , Delcroix M. , Sánchez-Lavega A. , Pedranghelu S. , Kernbauer G. , McKeon J. , Fleckstein A. , Wesley A. , Gómez-Forrellad J. M. , Rojas J. F. , Juaristi J. 
Published: April 2018

Context. Video observations of Jupiter obtained by amateur astronomers over the past 8 years have shown five flashes of light with durations of 1–2 s, each observed by at least two observers that were geographically separated. The first three of these events occurred on 3 June 2010, 20 August 2010, and 10 September 2012. Previous analyses of their light curves showed that they were caused by the impact of objects of 5–20 m in diameter, depending on their density, with a released energy comparable to superbolides on Earth of the class of the Chelyabinsk airburst. The most recent two flashes on Jupiter were detected on 17 March 2016 and 26 May 2017 and are analyzed here.
Aims. We characterize the energy involved together with the masses and sizes of the objects that produced these flashes. The rate of similar impacts on Jupiter provides improved constraints on the total flux of impacts on the planet, which can be compared to the amount of exogenic species detected in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter.
Methods. We extracted light curves of the flashes and calculated the masses and sizes of the impacting objects after calibrating each video observation. We also present results from a systematic search of impacts on >72 000 video amateur observations with a customized software that is based on differential photometry of the images. An examination of the number of amateur observations of Jupiter as a function of time over the past years allows us to interpret the statistics of these impact detections.
Results. The cumulative flux of small objects (5–20 m or larger) that impact Jupiter is predicted to be low (10–65 impacts per year), and only a fraction of them are potentially observable from Earth (4–25 observable impacts per year in a perfect survey). These numbers imply that many observers are required to efficiently discover Jupiter impacts.
Conclusions. We predict that more impacts will be found in the next years, with Jupiter opposition displaced toward summer in the northern hemisphere where most amateur astronomers observe. Objects of this size contribute negligibly to the abundance of exogenous species and dust in the stratosphere of Jupiter when compared with the continuous flux from interplanetary dust particles punctuated by giant impacts. Flashes of a high enough brightness (comparable at their peak to a +3.3 magnitude star) could produce an observable debris field on the planet. We estimate that a continuous search for these impacts might find these events once every 0.4–2.6 yr.
Preparation and Evaluation of Midazolam Rectal Gel in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Xiaojia , Li Wanqin , Li Ying , Guo Fei , Zhang Hui , Gao Jing , Sun Jianxu , Zheng Aiping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMidazolam has been successfully used for sedation, which the tablets, injections and oral solutions were available in market. However, the oral bioavailability of midazolam is less due to the first effect, while injection formulation has a low patient compliance. The purpose of this study was to obtain midazolam rectal gel to meet the production and market requirements. We evaluated the in vitro release behavior of midazolam powder, a physical mixture of midazolam and HPMC, and midazolam gel. The results showed that the midazolam gel has superior release degree compared to the other. Correspondingly, midazolam gel produced relevant plasma concentrations result in the rats. At the same dose (1 mg/kg), the Cmax and AUC (0-t) of midazolam after administration of the midazolam rectal gel were 8-10 times higher than that of the oral solution. The midazolam rectal gel was evaluated for physico-chemical tests including pH, viscosity, drug content at 40°C /75%RH (relative humidity) for 180 days (6 months). It provides information about the shelf lives of medicine, as well as the conditions for their storage. Rectum irritation test demonstrated that frequent application of midazolam rectal gel did not induce rectal mucosal damage. In conclusion, midazolam rectal gel was a potential new dosage form, which could alleviate the feeling of alien, discomfort and refusal during application of the patients. It was likely to be a more convenient and effective sedative medicine form specifically for infants and children.
Motivierende Kurzinterventionen nach Krankenhausaufenthalt bei Alkoholintoxikation bei Jugendlichen – Effektive Option sekundärer Prävention?
Authors: Klein Marcus , Hammerich Sünje , Eggert Paul , Ankermann Tobias 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungIn einer prospektiven, randomisierten, einfach blinden Studie wurden 48 Jugendliche zwischen 13 und 17 Jahren am Morgen nach stationärer Aufnahme mit Alkoholintoxikation mithilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens zum bisherigen Trinkverhalten befragt. Während bei einem Teil der Jugendlichen eine psychologische Intervention (HaLT-Präventionsprojekt) erfolgte (A: n=28), wurde bei dem anderen Teil der Studienteilnehmer auf das Gespräch verzichtet (B: n=20). 6 und 12 Wochen nach dem stationären Aufenthalt wurden die Jugendlichen telefonisch zum aktuellen Trinkverhalten befragt. Insgesamt tranken 58% (n=28) der Studienteilnehmer im Untersuchungszeitraum weniger und/ oder seltener Alkohol als vor der Alkoholintoxikation. 17% (n=8) verzichteten während der 12 Wochen komplett auf den Konsum alkoholischer Getränke. 54% (n=26) der Jugendlichen behaupteten, nicht wieder betrunken gewesen zu sein. 38% (n=18) haben ihr Trinkverhalten nicht verändert und 6% (n=3) tranken mehr und/oder häufiger als zuvor Alkohol. Es gab keinen statistisch signifikanten Unterschied in der Entwicklung des Trinkverhaltens zwischen den beiden Gruppen: 58% (A) bzw. 65% (B) der Jugendlichen mit bzw. ohne Gespräch tranken nach dem Ereignis weniger und/ oder seltener (χ²=0,6269, p=0,4285). Ein Einfluss der Gespräche im Rahmen des HaLT-Präventionsprojektes bei stationär aufgenommenen Jugendlichen nach Alkoholintoxikation konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Weitere Untersuchungen müssen Interventionen bei Eltern und peers mit einbeziehen.
New and Emerging Treatments for Lymphedema
Authors: Aldrich Melissa , Schaverien Mark 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough nonoperative and operative treatments for lymphedema (LE) are well established, these procedures typically provide only partial relief from limb swelling, functional impairment, and the risk of cellulitis. The lack of a cure for LE, however, is due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and current research efforts are focusing on elucidating these processes to provide new, targeted therapies for this prevalent disease for which there is no cure. This article reviews the current literature regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie LE, as well as new and emerging therapies for the condition.
Manipulation of the Periorbital Musculature
Authors: Langsdon Phillip , Karter Nicholas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe resting and expressive states of the periorbital region contribute to perceived age, emotion, gender, race, and countenance. A thorough understanding of the periorbital musculature is essential for comprehensive facial rejuvenation. Surgical and nonsurgical manipulation of these muscles can lead to alterations in brow elevation, resting brow position, and dynamic periorbital rhytids. Both surgical and nonsurgical techniques can produce desired effects, and they are often used concomitantly to obtain optimal results.
Rejuvenation of the Upper Face and Brow: Neuromodulators and Fillers
Authors: Lighthall Jessyka 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFacial aging involves a combination of volume loss and descent, loss of skin elasticity, dynamic lines due to facial mimetic muscle action, and development of static rhytids. Although surgery remains an option for treatment, minimally invasive aesthetic procedures continue to gain popularity with the use of neuromodulators and soft tissue fillers being the most sought-after procedures. Although these may be used in isolation to treat specific concerns, they are often combined to address multiple facets of aging. Multiple different neuromodulators and fillers are commercially available. Although relatively effective and safe, a thorough understanding of their indications, compositions, and potential adverse effects is paramount. This article will review the available aesthetic products for minimally invasive periorbital rejuvenation with botulinum toxin and injectable fillers. Although it will not focus on other therapies aimed at facial rejuvenation, such as resurfacing techniques or surgical interventions, it is important to note that an individualized treatment plan may combine multiple therapies to optimize patient outcomes and satisfaction.
Surgical Anatomy of the Upper Face and Forehead
Authors: Garritano Frank , Quatela Vito 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAesthetic ideals regarding proportion and balance of the face have existed for centuries. The upper third of the face, including the brow, forehead, and temple, provides an important contribution to the overall facial aesthetic. This is especially true given how the brow frames the eyes, and the eyes serve as the key focal point in our interactions with others. There exists a variety of surgical and nonsurgical procedures aimed at improving the aesthetic of the upper portion of the face, and a thorough knowledge of the surgical anatomy of the upper face and forehead is critical to their successful execution.
Neurocysticercosis in Pregnancy
Authors: Webb Camille , Rosa Mauricio , Olson Gayle , Cabada Miguel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe normal physiologic changes during pregnancy contribute to nutritional, metabolic, and immunologic adjustments, which can have an impact on the presentation of several diseases. New onset seizures during pregnancy and the postpartum can be attributed to several etiologies. Patient demographic data as well as personal and social histories are key in determining the etiology of new onset seizures. Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a commonly overlooked etiology, must be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with new onset seizures coming from NCC endemic areas. The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical findings, exposure history, imaging, and serology. We present two cases of patients with NCC that became symptomatic during pregnancy or postpartum period. We will review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management of NCC in pregnancy.
S2-Leitlinie: der kindliche Knick-Senk-Fuß
Authors: Hell Anna , Döderlein Leo , Eberhardt Oliver , Hösl Matthias , von Kalle Thekla , Mecher Frauke , Simon Angela , Stinus Hartmut , Wilken Bernd , Wirth Thomas 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungDer kindliche Knick-Senk-Fuß ist eine 3-dimensionale Fußfehlstellung mit vermehrter Valgusstellung der Ferse, Abflachung der medialen Längswölbung und Abduktion des Vorfußes. Man unterscheidet die flexible von der kontrakten (rigiden) Form. Die Diagnostik gliedert sich in Anamnese, klinische Untersuchung, apparative Diagnostik wie Pedobarografie und die Ganganalyse sowie bildgebende Verfahren. Wichtig ist die Einbeziehung in ein Therapieschema von eventuell vorliegenden pädiatrischen oder neuropädiatrischen Erkrankungen (z. B. Muskeldystrophien, Ehlers-Danlos- oder Marfan-Syndrom u. Ä.). Es zeigt sich, dass bei Kindern ≤ 6 Jahre der flexible Knick-Senk-Fuß fast ausschließlich physiologisch vorkommt (bei 97% aller 19 Monate alten Kinder). Bis zum Alter von 10 Jahren bildet sich die mediale Fußlängswölbung zunehmend aus. Bei einem kleinen Anteil (10-jährige Kinder 4%) persistiert der Knick-Senk-Fuß oder wird progredient. Oberhalb von 10 Jahren besteht die Gefahr der Dekompensation mit zunehmender Rigidität. Nur die Minderheit der Kinder entwickelt eine Schmerzsymptomatik (< 2%). Ein Risikofaktor zur Persistenz des Knick-Senk-Fußes stellt das Übergewicht im Kindesalter dar (62% der 6-Jährigen mit Knick-Senk-Fuß sind übergewichtig). Pathogenetische Faktoren können muskulär, knöchern und bindegewebig sind, wobei hier der Einfluss der unterschiedlichen Faktoren kontrovers diskutiert wird. Die Hauptprävention besteht in einer umfassenden Aufklärung über eine normale kindliche motorische Entwicklung. Daraus resultiert die Eigenförderung der physiologischen Entwicklung durch tägliche Bewegung, das Anstreben eines normalen Gewichtes, das Tragen von weichen Schuhen mit ausreichender Länge und Weite zum Schutz und das Barfußlaufen auf wechselnden Untergründen. Im Falle einer nötigen Intervention kann Physiotherapie inklusive manueller Techniken nötig werden. Eine Einlagen- oder Orthesenversorgung sollte bevorzugt mit einer sensomotorischen Bettung erfolgen. Operative Eingriffe sind selten. Im Falle einer geplanten operativen Intervention muss ein differenziertes Indikationsschema angewandt werden. Verschiedenste operative knöcherne und weichteilige Methoden stehen zur Verfügung.
Unerwünschte Effekte von Psychotherapie bei depressiven Patienten – Erste Anwendung der Positive and Negative Effects of Psychotherapy Scale (PANEPS)
Authors: Peth Judith , Jelinek Lena , Nestoriuc Yvonne , Moritz Steffen 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Positive and Negative Effects of Psychotherapy Scale (PANEPS), ein Selbstauskunftsfragebogen für Patienten zur Erfassung von positiven Effekten (PE) und unerwünschten Ereignissen (UE) während der letzten Psychotherapie (PT), wurde erstmalig bei einer Patientenstichprobe mit Depression eingesetzt. Der Fragebogen wurde auf seine Anwendbarkeit hin überprüft und lieferte erste empirische Ergebnisse zu PE und UE einer PT bei dieser Patientengruppe.
Methode Im Rahmen einer Onlinebefragung füllten 135 Personen mit einer aktuellen oder früheren depressiven Störung die 43 Items der PANEPS aus, welche UE in Nebenwirkungen (NW), Kunstfehler (KF) und unethisches Fehlverhalten (UF) unterteilt. Zusätzlich wurden soziodemografische Angaben (Alter, Geschlecht, Beziehungsstatus) sowie Details zu psychotherapeutischer Vorerfahrung und der zuletzt wahrgenommenen PT erfasst. Die PANEPS wurde mittels Hauptkomponentenanalyse mit Varimax-Rotation geprüft und überarbeitet.
Ergebnisse Eine 4-Faktoren-Lösung wurde ermittelt, welche die zuvor definierten Skalen (PE, NW, KF, UF) abbildet und eine weitere Reduktion der PANEPS ermöglicht. Die finale Version der PANEPS, wies eine zufriedenstellende bis exzellente interne Konsistenz auf (Cronbach’s α=0,72–0,92). Von den Befragten gaben 95,6% mind. einen PE (Range=0–5, MW=3,3, SD=1,4) an und 52,6% mind. ein UE (Range=0–14, MW=1,8, SD=2,9). Es gaben 38,5% mind. eine NW (Range=0–6, MW=0,7, SD=1,3), 26,7% mind. einen KF (Range=0–10, MW=0,9, SD=1,9) und 8,1% mind. ein UF (Range=0–4, MW=0,1, SD=0,5) an. PE korrelierten negativ mit KF, aber nicht mit NW und UF. Zudem bestehen Zusammenhänge zwischen Patientenmerkmalen und dem Auftreten von GE und UE.
Diskussion Etwas mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten bestätigte mind. ein UE im PANEPS, wobei besonders die Zustimmung zu mind. einem KF oder UF unerwartet hoch ausfielen. Insbesondere die aktuelle Symptombelastung (PHQ-9) scheint für die Zustimmung zu PE und UE einer PT relevant zu sein. Der negative Zusammenhang zwischen PE und KF unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit leitliniengerechter Behandlung für den Erfolg von Psychotherapie.
Schlussfolgerung Nebenwirkungen von PT sind auch bei Patienten mit Depressionen zu erwarten und sollten regelhaft erfasst werden.
Chemical trends in ocean islands explained by plume–slab interaction
Authors: Dannberg Juliane , Gassmöller Rene 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceThe composition of ocean island basalts is known to correlate with zones in the lowermost mantle almost 3,000 km below, thought to represent piles of hot, dense material. One important open question in the Earth sciences is the mechanism behind this link between the surface and Earth’s deep interior. Here, we use high-resolution 3D geodynamic models with a realistic subduction history, plate geometries, and plate motions to identify a dynamically feasible mechanism for how rising hot material can inherit the lower-mantle geochemical structure despite variations in material density. Our findings provide a framework for mapping chemical anomalies at the surface to the deep mantle and illuminate the composition of one of the least well-understood regions of the Earth.
Tradeoffs between immune function and childhood growth among Amazonian forager-horticulturalists
Authors: Urlacher Samuel S. , Ellison Peter T. , Sugiyama Lawrence S. , Pontzer Herman , Eick Geeta , Liebert Melissa A. , Cepon-Robins Tara J. , Gildner Theresa E. , Snodgrass J. Josh 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceThe energetic impact of immune function on human growth remains unclear. Using data from Amazonian forager-horticulturalists, we show that diverse, low-level immune activity predicts reduced childhood growth over periods of competing energy use ranging from 1 wk to 20 mo. We also demonstrate that modest body fat stores (i.e., energy reserves) protect children from the particularly detrimental impact of acute inflammation on growth. These findings provide evidence for considerable energetic tradeoffs between immune function and growth among humans, highlighting the energy constraint of childhood and the characteristic ability of our species to respond sensitively to dynamic environmental conditions. We outline the possible role of immune-related tradeoffs in driving patterns of human growth faltering, developmental metabolic plasticity, and life history evolution.
Extracting neuronal functional network dynamics via adaptive Granger causality analysis
Authors: Sheikhattar Alireza , Miran Sina , Liu Ji , Fritz Jonathan B. , Shamma Shihab A. , Kanold Patrick O. , Babadi Behtash 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Probing functional interactions among the nodes in a network is crucial to understanding how complex systems work. Existing methodologies widely assume static network structures or Gaussian statistics or do not take account of likely sparse interactions. They are therefore not well-suited to neuronal spiking data with rapid task-dependent dynamics, binary statistics, and sparse functional dependencies. We develop an inference framework for extracting functional network dynamics from neuronal data by integrating techniques from adaptive filtering, compressed sensing, point processes, and high-dimensional statistics. We derive efficient estimation algorithms and precise statistical inference procedures. We apply our proposed techniques to experimentally recorded neuronal data to probe the neuronal functional networks underlying attentive behavior. Our techniques provide substantial gains in computation, resolution, and statistical robustness.
Improving the specific antitumor efficacy of ONC by fusion with N-terminal domain of transferrin
Authors: Qi Jianying , Ye Xianlong , Li Lingling , Bai Haijing , Xu Cunshuan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Onconase (ONC) as a novel anti-tumor drug has a significant killing effect on a variety of tumor cells. Drug delivery system mediated by transferrin (TF) and TF receptor (TfR), which can significantly increase the amount of drug uptake in the tumor cells, enhance the initiative target efficiency of drugs and reduce its toxic side effects. It has been widely used in drug delivery and clinical trials. In this study, the rONC-TFn was expressed in Escherichia coli by linking ONC with the N-terminal domain of TF (TFn). ELISA and competitive binding analysis demonstrated that rONC-TFn can bind to TfR. The rONC-TFn protein showed much higher cytotoxicity to the cultured HepG2 and Hela cells than rONC. These results suggested that the N-terminal domain protein of TF promoted the tumor targeting of ONC, and thus the rONC-TFn fusion protein may be further developed as a potential targeted anti-tumor drug.
A novel carbohydrate-binding surface layer protein from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii
Authors: Goda Shuichiro , Koga Tomoyuki , Yamashita Kenichiro , Kuriura Ryo , Ueda Toshifumi 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
In Archaea and Bacteria, surface layer (S-layer) proteins form the cell envelope and are involved in cell protection. In the present study, a putative S-layer protein was purified from the crude extract of Pyrococcus horikoshii using affinity chromatography. The S-layer gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Isothermal titration calorimetry analyses showed that the S-layer protein bound N-acetylglucosamine and induced agglutination of the gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus lysodeikticus. The protein comprised a 21-mer structure, with a molecular mass of 1,340 kDa, as determined using small-angle X-ray scattering. This protein showed high thermal stability, with a midpoint of thermal denaturation of 79 °C in dynamic light scattering experiments. This is the first description of the carbohydrate-binding archaeal S-layer protein and its characteristics.
Identification of the 7S and 11S globulins as percutaneously sensitizing soybean allergens as demonstrated through epidermal application of crude soybean extract
Authors: Murakami Hiroki , Ogawa Takashi , Takafuta Akiho , Yano Erika , Zaima Nobuhiro , Moriyama Tatsuya 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Cutaneous exposure to food allergens can predispose individuals to food allergies. Soybean, a major allergenic food, is an ingredient in various cosmetic products. However, the types of soybean proteins that are percutaneously sensitizing in humans or animal models remain unknown. In this study, BALB/c mice were dorsally shaved and epicutaneously exposed to a crude soybean extract including sodium dodecyl sulfate or distilled water alone. Specific IgEs secreted in response to 7S globulin (Gly m 5), 11S globulin (Gly m 6), Gly m 3, and Gly m 4 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or immunoblots. Exposure to soybean extract elicited the secretion of soybean-specific IgEs. Of the soybean proteins, 7S and 11S globulins acted as percutaneous sensitizers in 6/9 mice (67%). Additionally, IgE bound specifically and preferentially to the 7S globulin β subunit. In conclusion, this is the first report to identify percutaneously sensitizing soybean allergens in a mouse model.