bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐decades stability of an avian hybrid zone
Authors: Wang Silu , Rohwer Sievert , Delmore Kira , Irwin Darren E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHybrid zones are particularly valuable for understanding the evolution of partial reproductive isolation between differentiated populations. An increasing number of hybrid zones have been inferred to move over time, but in most such cases zone movement has not been tested with long‐term genomic data. The hybrid zone between Townsend's Warblers (Setophaga townsendi) and Hermit Warblers (S. occidentalis) in the Washington Cascades was previously inferred to be moving from northern S. townsendi southwards towards S. occidentalis, based on plumage and behavioural patterns as well as a 2000‐km genetic wake of hermit mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in coastal Townsend's Warblers. We directly tested whether hybrid zone position has changed over 2–3 decades by tracking plumage, mtDNA and nuclear genomic variation across the hybrid zone over two sampling periods (1987–94 and 2015–16). Surprisingly, there was no significant movement in genomic or plumage cline centres between the two time periods. Plumage cline widths were narrower than expected by neutral diffusion, consistent with a ‘tension zone’ model, in which selection against hybrids is balanced by movement of parental forms into the zone. Our results indicate that this hybrid zone is either stable in its location or moving at a rate that is not detectable over 2–3 decades. Despite considerable gene flow, the stable clines in multiple phenotypic and genotypic characters over decades suggest evolutionary stability of this young pair of sister species, allowing divergence to continue. We propose a novel biogeographic scenario to explain these patterns: rather than the hybrid zone having moved thousands of kilometres to its current position, inland Townsend's met coastal Hermit Warbler populations along a broad front of the British Columbia and Alaska coast and hybridization led to replacement of the Hermit Warbler plumage with Townsend's Warbler plumage patterns along this coastline. Hence, hybrid zones along British Columbia and Alaska moved only a short distance from the inland to the coast, whereas the Hermit Warbler phenotype appears stable in Washington and further south. This case provides an example of the complex biogeographic processes that have led to the distribution of current phenotypes within and among closely related species.
Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Peinemann Frank , Unverzagt Susanne , Hadjinicolaou Andreas V , Moldenhauer Ines 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundVarious approaches have been developed for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC). The objective was to assess the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches.MethodsWe included participants diagnosed with all types of histologically confirmed MRCC, the test intervention was immunotherapy alone or combined with other immunotherapy or targeted therapies, and the study design was restricted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Primary outcomes were overall survival, adverse events, and health‐related quality of life. We conducted the last search in March 31, 2018.ResultsWe included nine RCTs, and we established seven different treatment comparisons according to the type of data. Two RCTs favored nivolumab as monotherapy or combined with ipilimumab on account of all primary outcomes. The efficacy data of all other comparisons were either indifferent or favored the control group.ConclusionThe immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab as monotherapy or combined with ipilimumab appears to be the only new immunotherapy that may improve overall survival in participants with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Interferon‐α alone is unfavorable to targeted therapies with respect to overall survival and adverse events.
Age and growth of three endemic threatened guitarfishes Pseudobatos horkelii, P. percellens and Zapteryx brevirostris in the western South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Caltabellotta Fabio P. , Siders Zachary A. , Murie Debra J. , Motta Fabio S. , Cailliet Gregor M. , Gadig Otto B. F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe age and growth of three endemic threatened guitarfish species were analysed using vertebrae of Pseudobatos horkelii, P. percellens and Zapteryx brevirostris. Edge and marginal‐increment analyses were used to evaluate the periodicity of the formation of the band‐pairs, suggesting deposition of one band‐pair per year, from late winter to late spring. The von Bertalanffy growth model was used to describe the growth of these species with the following parameters, for pooled sexes: P. horkelii
L∞ = 126.93,
k = 0.19 and
t0 = −1.51; P. percellens
L∞ = 109.31,
k = 0.16 and
t0 = −1.78; Z. brevirostris
L∞ = 60.37,
k = 0.24 and
t0 = −1.42. Our results are essential to understanding the resilience and vulnerability of these species to harvest, which can contribute to management and conservation actions of these species.
Behavioural crypsis in a South African galaxiid fish induced by predatory and non‐predatory heterospecifics
Authors: Magellan Kit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigated recognition of, and behavioural responses to, predatory and non‐predatory heterospecifics by a small cryptically coloured fish species, Galaxias ‘nebula’. Nebula recognised and differentiated between predatory and non‐predatory heterospecifics and altered its behaviour facultatively. With both predatory and non‐predatory fishes, the proportion of time spent motionless increased, whereas refugia use was affected only by predators and neither heterospecific affected the time spent active. Although nebula appeared to face no conflict, in that their responses to predatory and non‐predatory heterospecifics varied in the same direction and differed only in intensity, the presence of both heterospecifics together induced responses midway between those for each heterospecific separately. Non‐predatory heterospecifics thus modified nebula's responses towards predators, potentially making time available for other essential activities such as foraging. This modified predator response may aid its survival in an increasingly threatened habitat.
Nice to know: impact of NICE guidelines on ketogenic diet services nationwide
Authors: Whiteley V. J. , Martin‐McGill K. J. , Carroll J. H. , Taylor H. , Schoeler N. E. ,   The Ketogenic Dietitians Research Network (KDRN)
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn 2012, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Clinical Guidelines for Epilepsies: Diagnosis and Management (CG137) included, for the first time, ketogenic diets (KDs) as a treatment option for drug‐resistant paediatric epilepsy. The recommendation was made to refer children and young people with epilepsy whose seizures have not responded to appropriate anti‐epileptic drugs to a tertiary paediatric epilepsy specialist for consideration of the use of KDs. We aimed to assess the impact of this change in guidance on the numbers of ketogenic centres and patients following KDs for epilepsy in the UK and Ireland.MethodsAn online survey was circulated to ketogenic dietitians from the UK and Ireland. The results were compared with similar surveys published in 2000 and 2010. ResultsThe number of centres offering KDs for treatment of epilepsy has risen from 22 in 2000, to 28 in 2010, and to 39 in 2017 (77% overall increase). Seven of these centres accept adult referrals, in comparison to only two centres in 2010. Patient numbers have increased from 101 in 2000 to 754 in 2017. In total, 267 patients are waiting to commence KD at 31 centres.ConclusionsOver the last 7 years, the number of patients treated with a KD for epilepsy in the UK and Ireland has increased by 647%, with a 77% increase in the number of centres offering KDs. Despite this rapid growth, there is ongoing demand for patients to be considered for dietary therapy, highlighting the need for continued expansion of KD services nationally.
Climate change impacts on asphalt road pavement construction and maintenance: An economic life cycle assessment of adaptation measures in the State of Virginia, United States
Authors: Qiao Yaning , Santos Joao , Stoner Anne M.K. , Flinstch Gerardo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPavement design and management practices must be adapted in response to future climate change. While many studies have attempted to identify different methods to adapt pavements to future climate conditions, the potential economic impacts of the adaptations still remain largely unquantified. This study presents the results of a comprehensive life‐cycle cost analysis (LCCA) aimed at quantifying the potential economic impacts of a climate adaptation method, in which an upgraded asphalt binder (Performance Grade PG 76‐22) is used in the construction and maintenance of flexible pavement sections in lieu of the original binder (PG 70‐22) for improved resistance against high temperatures. For each of three major Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) districts with different climates, three case studies consisting of typical interstate, primary, and secondary pavement sections were considered. The LCCA accounted for the costs incurred during the mixture's production, maintenance, and use phases of the pavement life cycle by explicitly considering future climate projections, pavement life‐cycle performance, maintenance effects, and work zone user delays. The study concludes that pavements using the upgraded binder not only perform better over time but are also economically advantageous compared to those with the original binder under the conditions of the anticipated future climate conditions (2020–2039).
Predictive factors for recovery of voiding function after transurethral prostate surgery in men with small prostate volume and very low detrusor contractility
Authors: Wu Shu‐Yu , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesDetrusor underactivity (DU) is a common but poorly understood clinical problem. The diagnosis and treatment are difficult and full of uncertainties. There are many overlaps between DU and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in men. Prostatic surgery might improve voiding efficiency (VE). This study aims to investigate effectiveness and predictors of voiding function recovery after prostate surgery in patients with DU.MethodsMale patients with DU and small total prostate volume (TPV, <40 mL) who had undergone transurethral prostate surgery were retrospectively reviewed over the past two decades. Video‐urodynamic studies were performed before and after the operation. The urodynamic parameters were recorded, and change of VE was used to determine treatment outcome. A postoperative VE of ≥50% was considered successful.ResultsA total of 48 patients were included, with a mean age of 74.4 ± 10.0 years. The mean follow‐up period was 24.9 ± 30.5 months. At the most recent follow‐up, 29 (60.4%) patients had positive results. Among them, 21 (72.4%) patients recovered within 1 month, and only one recovered later than 6 months after the operation. After surgery, the maximum flow rate, voided volume, postvoid residual urine, and VE all showed improvement. Patients with successful outcome had a higher baseline detrusor pressure (p = .029) and greater maximum flow rate (p = .034) than the nonrecovery group. The age and other parameters were not significantly different between recovery and nonrecovery group.ConclusionsPatients with DU and small TPV might also benefit from prostatic surgery if they had a higher detrusor pressure and maximum flow rate at baseline.
Introduced cats Felis catus eating a continental fauna: inventory and traits of Australian mammal species killed
Authors: Woolley Leigh‐Ann , Geyle Hayley M. , Murphy Brett P. , Legge Sarah M. , Palmer Russell , Dickman Christopher R. , Augusteyn John , Comer Sarah , Doherty Tim S. , Eager Charlie , Edwards Glenn , Harley Dan K.P. , Leiper Ian , McDonald Peter J. , McGregor Hugh W. , Moseby Katherine E. , Myers Cecilia , Read John L. , Riley Joanna , Stokeld Danielle , Turpin Jeff M. , Woinarski John C.Z. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Mammals comprise the bulk of the diet of free‐ranging domestic cats Felis catus (defined as including outdoor pet cats, strays, and feral cats) in most parts of their global range. In Australia, predation by introduced feral cats has been implicated in the extinction of many mammal species, and in the ongoing decline of many extant species.

Here, we collate a wide range of records of predation by cats (including feral and pet cats) on Australian mammals and model traits of extant, terrestrial, native mammal species associated with the relative likelihood of cat predation. We explicitly seek to overcome biases in such a continental‐scale compilation by excluding possible carrion records for larger species and accounting for differences in the distribution and abundance of potential prey species, as well as study effort, throughout each species’ range.

For non‐volant species, the relative likelihood of predation by cats was greatest for species in an intermediate weight range (peaking at ca. 400 g), in lower rainfall areas and not dwelling in rocky habitats. Previous studies have shown the greatest rates of decline and extinction in Australian mammals to be associated with these traits. As such, we provide the first continental‐scale link between mammal decline and cat predation through quantitative analysis.

Our compilation of cat predation records for most extant, terrestrial, native mammal species (151 species, or 52% of the Australian species’ complement) is substantially greater than previously reported (88 species) and includes 50 species listed as threatened by the IUCN or under Australian legislation (57% of Australia's 87 threatened terrestrial mammal species). We identify the Australian mammal species most likely to be threatened by predation by cats (mulgaras Dasycercus spp., kowari Dasyuroides byrnei, many smaller dasyurids and medium‐sized to large rodents, among others) and hence most likely to benefit from enhanced mitigation of cat impacts, such as translocations to predator‐free islands, the establishment of predator‐proof fenced exclosures, and broad‐scale cat poison baiting.
Nonrandom associations of maternally transmitted symbionts in insects: The roles of drift versus biased cotransmission and selection
Authors: Mathé‐Hubert Hugo , Kaech Heidi , Hertaeg Corinne , Jaenike John , Vorburger Christoph 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVirtually all higher organisms form holobionts with associated microbiota. To understand the biology of holobionts we need to know how species assemble and interact. Controlled experiments are suited to study interactions between particular symbionts, but they only accommodate a tiny portion of the diversity within each species. Alternatively, interactions can be inferred by testing if associations among symbionts in the field are more or less frequent than expected under random assortment. However, random assortment may not be a valid null hypothesis for maternally transmitted symbionts since drift alone can result in associations. Here, we analyse a European field survey of endosymbionts in pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), confirming that symbiont associations are pervasive. To interpret them, we develop a model simulating the effect of drift on symbiont associations. We show that drift induces apparently nonrandom assortment, even though horizontal transmissions and maternal transmission failures tend to randomise symbiont associations. We also use this model in the approximate Bayesian computation framework to revisit the association between Spiroplasma and Wolbachia in Drosophila neotestacea. New field data reported here reveal that this association has disappeared in the investigated location, yet a significant interaction between Spiroplasma and Wolbachia can still be inferred. Our study confirms that negative and positive associations are pervasive and often induced by symbiont‐symbiont interactions. Nevertheless, some associations are also likely to be driven by drift. This possibility needs to be considered when performing such analyses, and our model is helpful for this purpose.
Post‐Keynesian endogenous money theory: Horizontalists, structuralists and the paradox of illiquidity
Authors: Deleidi Matteo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe paper aims to provide a theoretical advancement in the post‐Keynesian debate between horizontalists and structuralists by offering an additional theoretical support to the horizontalist view. Through the newly introduced notion of paradox of illiquidity, a critique to the endogenous money–liquidity preference model is developed, by focusing on the relationship between the volume of loans and the mark‐up. The paradox of illiquidity aims to deny: (a) the idea of a banking sector achieving illiquid position during its lending activities and, consequently, (b) the view of an upward sloping credit supply curve.
Plasma uric acid and renal haemodynamics in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Suijk Danii LS , Smits Mark M , Muskiet Marcel HA , Tonneijck Lennart , Kramer Mark HH , Joles Jaap A , van Raalte Daniël H 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAimIncreased plasma uric acid (PUA) concentrations are associated with chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The mechanisms involved remain unclear. We investigated the relation between PUA and (intra)renal haemodynamics in T2D patients without overt kidney disease.MethodsEighty‐eight white men and women with T2D were included (age 64 (58–68) years; body mass index 30.9 (28.3–33.6) kg/m2; glycated haemoglobin 7.1 (6.8–7.6)%). Plasma UA and fractional excretion of UA were measured, while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were assessed by inulin and PAH‐clearance techniques, respectively. Effective renal vascular resistance was calculated (ERVR). Renal afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances and glomerular hydrostatic pressure were estimated. Relationships between PUA and fractional excretion of UA and (intra)renal haemodynamic parameters were evaluated by multivariable linear regression analyses.ResultsPlasma UA concentrations were at the higher end of the normal range in most participants: 342 ± 68 μmol/L or 5.7 ± 1.1 mg/dL (mean ± SD). In multivariable analyses, PUA concentrations were negatively associated with GFR (r = −0.471; P = 0.001), ERPF (r = −0.436; P = 0.003) and glomerular hydrostatic pressure (r = −0.427; P = 0.003). In contrast, PUA concentrations had a positive correlation with ERVR (r = 0.474; P = 0.001), but not with efferent vascular resistance. Fractional excretion of UA was not related to renal haemodynamics.ConclusionPlasma UA was negatively associated to GFR, ERPF but positively related to ERVR in T2D patients without overt renal impairment. Plasma UA‐related increase in ERVR may be related to increased arterial afferent tone, which may put the kidney at risk for renal damage through ischaemia.
Rationing of nursing care, a deviation from holistic nursing: A systematic review
Authors: Mandal Lata , Seethalakshmi Avudaiappan , Rajendrababu Anitha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundRationing of care in nursing is nurses' inability to complete all care activities for patients because of scarcity in time and resource. Literature suggests that rationing of care is closely related to patient safety and quality of care. The phenomena have been defined and studied from varied perspectives and contexts. A systematic review of studies related to the concept was aimed at identifying and synthesizing the finding.MethodsThe review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis guidelines, and literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science and EMBASE databases. Fifty‐seven quantitative studies were included in the review.FindingsThe review observed that nursing activities addressing the emotional, educational, mobility and hygiene needs of the patients were commonly rationed. Antecedents of rationing included resource inadequacy and organizational work environment. Rationing influenced patient satisfaction, mortality and a number of adverse events and was associated with decreased job satisfaction, increased intention to leave and high turnover among nurses.DiscussionsThis review concludes that rationing in nursing is ubiquitous, embedded in the work environment and poses a threat to the professional health and philosophical base of nursing in addition to having serious implications on patients' safety. Strategies to reframe and reconsider organizational traits, and open discussion with other healthcare stakeholders can reduce rationing of nursing care. The review suggests future researchers adopt different methodological layout to study rationing.
Influence of pain anticipation on brain activity and pain perception in Gulf War Veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Lindheimer Jacob B. , Stegner Aaron J. , Ellingson‐Sayen Laura D. , Van Riper Stephanie M. , Dougherty Ryan J. , Falvo Michael J. , Cook Dane B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnticipation of a painful experience can influence brain activity and increase sensitivity to experimental somatosensory stimuli in healthy adults, but this response is poorly understood among individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). Studies of brain and perceptual responses to somatosensory stimuli are used to make inferences about central nervous system dysfunction as a potential mechanism of symptoms. As such, we sought to (a) determine the influence of pain anticipation on pain‐relevant brain regions and pain perception, and (b) characterize potential differences in these responses between Gulf War Veterans with CMP and matched healthy control (CO) Veterans. CMP (N = 30) and CO Veterans (N = 31) were randomized to conditions designed to generate expectations that either painful (pain) or nonpainful (no pain) stimuli would be administered. Brain responses to five nonpainful thermal stimuli were measured during fMRI, and each stimulus was rated for pain intensity and unpleasantness. In the pain condition, an incremental linear decrease in activity across stimuli was observed in the posterior cingulate cortex, cingulate cortex, and middle temporal gyrus. Further, in the pain condition, differential responses were observed between CMP and CO Veterans in the middle temporal gyrus. These findings indicate that brain responses to nonpainful thermal stimuli in Veterans with CMP are sensitive to pain anticipation, and we recommend accounting for the influence of pain anticipation in future investigations of central nervous system dysfunction in CMP.