bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Septal Perforation Repair with Septorhinoplasty: A 31-Year Experience
Authors: Delaney Sean , Kridel Russell 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeptal perforation repair and septorhinoplasty (SRP) each present unique surgical challenges. However, in many instances, these procedures may be performed together successfully. In this study, the authors aim to determine the safety and effectiveness of combining primary or revision SRP and septal perforation repair via an open approach. A retrospective review was carried out of all consecutive patients who had SRP and septal perforation repair via an open approach between 1986 and 2017 in the senior author's practice. Perforation closure in surgery and at the patient's last follow-up, resolution of presenting symptoms, cosmetic results, and complications were analyzed. Records for 141 patients who had simultaneous septal perforation repair and SRP via an open approach, with a mean follow-up of 3.24 years, were reviewed. The mean anterior–posterior perforation dimension was 1.41 ± 0.89 cm, and the mean vertical perforation dimension was 1.16 ± 0.59 cm. The most common etiologies for septal perforation were previous SRP (35.4%) and septoplasty (24.1%). An overall 93.6%, perforation closure, 91.1% symptom relief, and 91.2% patient satisfaction with cosmetic results were achieved. Septal perforations under 1.5 cm in height were closed in 96.7% of patients as opposed to 71.4% of patients with perforations 1.5 cm or taller. Minor revision rhinoplasties were performed in 7.0% of patients. Postoperative infections were rare and noted in only two (1.4%) patients. In the largest study of its kind to date, the authors have shown that in experienced hands septal perforation repair may be performed simultaneously with primary or revision SRP via an open approach without compromising the perforation repair outcome. The vertical dimension of a septal perforation and presence of mucosa above and below a perforation are important considerations for the difficulty of a perforation closure, as septal mucosa is recruited from these locations in our technique of four-quadrant intranasal bipedicled mucosal advancement flap closure.
Targetable BET proteins- and E2F1-dependent transcriptional program maintains the malignancy of glioblastoma
Authors: Xu Liang , Chen Ye , Mayakonda Anand , Koh Lynnette , Chong Yuk Kien , Buckley Dennis L. , Sandanaraj Edwin , Lim See Wee , Lin Ruby Yu-Tong , Ke Xin-Yu , Huang Mo-Li , Chen Jianxiang , Sun Wendi , Wang Ling-Zhi , Goh Boon Cher , Dinh Huy Q. , Kappei Dennis , Winter Georg E. , Ding Ling-Wen , Ang Beng Ti , Berman Benjamin P. , Bradner James E. , Tang Carol , Koeffler H. Phillip 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Glioblastoma (GBM) cells develop intrinsic or acquired insensitiveness to BET bromodomain inhibitors (BBIs) yet develop persistent BET protein dependency. Selective degradation of BET proteins by a next-generation chemical compound undermines the BET protein dependency and exerts superior antineoplastic effects over inhibition of BET bromodomain. Given the significant difference between bromodomain dependency and BET protein dependency in GBM cells, chemically induced degradation of BET proteins serves as a promising strategy to overcome anticipated clinical BBIs resistance.
Harnessing bistability for directional propulsion of soft, untethered robots
Authors: Chen Tian , Bilal Osama R. , Shea Kristina , Daraio Chiara 
Published: May 2018

Significance
A major challenge in soft robotics is the integration of sensing, actuation, control, and propulsion. Here, we propose a material-based approach for designing soft robots. We show an untethered, soft swimming robot, which can complete preprogrammed tasks without the need for electronics, controllers, or power sources on board. To achieve propulsion, we use bistable shape memory polymer muscles connected to paddles that amplify actuation forces. As a proof of principle, we show that these robots can be preprogrammed to follow specific routes or deliver a cargo and navigate back to their deployment point. The proposed design principle can have a broad impact in soft robotics based on programed materials.
CCR2 V64I polymorphism in rifampicin resistant tuberculosis patients in Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Marwoto  , Prasetyo Afiono Agung , Reviono  , Suradi  
Published: May 2018

Abstract
CC chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) play important roles in inflammation. The CCR2 V64I polymorphism already reported associated with many diseases; however, the association of CCR2 V64I polymorphism with tuberculosis is still unknown. Also, there is no report about the presentation of CCR2 V64I polymorphisms in Indonesian tuberculosis patients with rifampicin-mono resistant status has ever been published, to the best of our knowledge. This study evaluated the presence of CCR2 V64I polymorphisms in Javanese rifampicin-mono resistant tuberculosis patients. In an ongoing molecular epidemiology study of human genomic polymorphisms and infection, 51 Javanese rifampicin-mono resistant tuberculosis patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta were enrolled in the study. The blood samples were aliquoted and fractionated. The nucleic acids were extracted from all blood samples and subjected to the CCR2 V64I polymorphisms detection by a polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) technique. PCR products were analyzed in 3% agarose. CCR2 64V and 64I homozygote were found in 23.5% (12/51) and 23.5% (12/51) blood samples, respectively. The CCR2 VI genotype was found in 52.9% (27/51) blood samples. The CCR2 VI genotype was found predominant in Javanese rifampicin-mono resistant tuberculosis patients and may have anassociation with the clinical progression.
Latitudinal phenotypic variation in the southernmost trichomycterid, the catfish Hatcheria macraei: an amalgam of population divergence and environmental factors
Authors: Chiarello-Sosa Juan Mauro , Battini Miguel Ángel , Barriga Juan Pablo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Body shape and meristic characters are highly variable phenotypic aspects in fish, and in most cases are related to phylogeography, environmental factors and life history patterns. Our main goals here were to evaluate morphological and meristic characters in five populations of the catfish Hatcheria macraei living at different latitudes across Patagonia, and to assess the importance of environmental and phylogenetic variables in determining body shape. The present study reveals great morphological variation among populations distributed along the latitudinal gradient. We found that the highest levels of variation in external morphological features were in peduncle height, dorsal fin length and anus position. This variation in body shape, quantified by geometric morphometrics, was mostly explained by the phylogenetic relationship between populations, stream gradient and spawning temperature. In contrast, the meristic characters, such as vertebral and fin ray numbers, except for dorsal fin ray number, were negatively related to latitude and positively to spawning temperature.
Clinical Implications of Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Infections in Malawi
Authors: Buchwald Andrea G , Sixpence Alick , Chimenya Mabvuto , Damson Milius , Sorkin John D , Wilson Mark L , Seydel Karl , Hochman Sarah , Mathanga Don P , Taylor Terrie E , Laufer Miriam K 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections are common in Malawi; however, the implications of these infections for the burden of malaria illness are unknown. Whether asymptomatic infections eventually progress to malaria illness, persist without causing symptoms, or clear spontaneously remains undetermined. We identified asymptomatic infections and evaluated the associations between persistent asymptomatic infections and malaria illness.

Methods
Children and adults (N = 120) who presented at a health facility with uncomplicated malaria were followed monthly for 2 years. During follow-up visits, participants with malaria symptoms were tested and, if positive, treated. Samples from all visits were tested for parasites using both microscopy and polymerase chain reaction, and all malaria infections underwent genotyping. Cox frailty models were used to estimate the temporal association between asymptomatic infections and malaria illness episodes. Mixed models were used to estimate the odds of clinical symptoms associated with new versus persistent infections.

Results
Participants had a median follow-up time of 720 days. Asymptomatic infections were detected during 23% of visits. Persistent asymptomatic infections were associated with decreased risk of malaria illness in all ages (hazard ratio 0.50, P &lt; .001). When asymptomatic infections preceded malaria illness, newly-acquired infections were detected at 92% of subsequent clinical episodes, independent of presence of persistent infections. Malaria illness among children was more likely due to newly-acquired infections (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–1.5) than to persistent infections.

Conclusions
Asymptomatic P. falciparum infections are associated with decreased incidence of malaria illness, but do not protect against disease when new infection occurs.
Low birthweight and preterm birth: trends and inequalities in four population-based birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil, 1982–2015
Authors: Silveira Mariangela F , Victora Cesar G , Horta Bernardo L , da Silva Bruna G C , Matijasevich Alicia , Barros Fernando C ,   Pelotas Cohorts Study Group, Barros Aluisio J D , Menezes Ana M B , Bertoldi Andrea Dâmaso , Bassani Diego G , Wehrmeister Fernando C , Gonçalves Helen , Santos Iná S , Murray Joseph , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana , Assunção Maria Cecilia F , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Hallal Pedro R C 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Despite positive changes in most maternal risk factors in Brazil, previous studies did not show reductions in preterm birth and low birthweight. We analysed trends and inequalities in these outcomes over a 33-year period in a Brazilian city.

Methods
Four population-based birth cohort studies were carried out in the city of Pelotas in 1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015, with samples ranging from 4231 to 5914 liveborn children. Low birthweight (LBW) was defined as &lt;2500 g, and preterm birth as less than 37 weeks of gestation. Information was collected on family income, maternal skin colour and other risk factors for low birthweight. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the contribution of risk factors to time trends in birthweight.

Results
Preterm births increased from 5.8% (1982) to 13.8% (2015), and LBW prevalence increased from 9.0% to 10.1%, being higher for boys and for children born to mothers with low income and brown or black skin colour. Mean birthweight remained stable, around 3200 g, but increased from 3058 to 3146 g in the poorest quintile and decreased from 3307 to 3227 g in the richest quintile. After adjustment for risk factors for LBW, mean birthweight was estimated to have declined by 160 g over 1982–2015 (reductions of 103 g in the poorest and 213 g in the richest quintiles).

Conclusions
Data from four birth cohorts show that preterm births increased markedly. Mean birthweights remained stable over a 33-year period. Increased prevalence of preterm and early term births, associated with high levels of obstetric interventions, has offset the expected improvements due to reduction in risk factors for low birthweight.
Consumer Deceleration
Authors: Husemann Katharina C , Eckhardt Giana M 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPeople increasingly seek out opportunities to escape from a sped-up pace of life by engaging in slow forms of consumption. Drawing from the theory of social acceleration, we explore how consumers can experience and achieve a slowed-down experience of time through consumption. To do so, we ethnographically study the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage in Spain and introduce the concept of consumer deceleration. Consumer deceleration is a perception of a slowed-down temporal experience achieved via a decrease in certain quantities (traveled distance, use of technology, experienced episodes) per unit of time through altering, adopting, or eschewing forms of consumption. Consumers decelerate in three ways: embodied, technological, and episodic. Each is enabled by consumer practices and market characteristics, rules, and norms, and results in time being experienced as passing more slowly and as being an abundant resource. Achieving deceleration is challenging, as it requires resynchronization to a different temporal logic and the ability to manage intrusions from acceleration. Conceptualizing consumer deceleration allows us to enhance our understanding of temporality and consumption, embodied consumption, extraordinary experiences, and the theory of social acceleration. Overall, this study contributes to consumer research by illuminating the role of speed and rhythm in consumer culture.
Comparison of Urinary Biomarkers of Exposure in Humans Using Electronic Cigarettes, Combustible Cigarettes, and Smokeless Tobacco
Authors: Lorkiewicz Pawel , Riggs Daniel W , Keith Rachel J , Conklin Daniel J , Xie Zhengzhi , Sutaria Saurin , Lynch Blake , Srivastava Sanjay , Bhatnagar Aruni 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Cigarette smoking is associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease risk, attributable in part to reactive volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). However, little is known about the extent of VOC exposure due to the use of other tobacco products.

Methods
We recruited 48 healthy, tobacco users in four groups: cigarette, smokeless tobacco, occasional users of first generation e-cigarette and e-cigarette menthol and 12 healthy nontobacco users. After abstaining for 48 h, tobacco users used an assigned product. Urine was collected at baseline followed by five collections over a 3-h period to measure urinary metabolites of VOCs, nicotine, and tobacco alkaloids.

Results
Urinary levels of nicotine were ≃2-fold lower in occasional e-cigarette and smokeless tobacco users than in the cigarette smokers; cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine levels were similar in all groups. Compared with nontobacco users, e-cigarette users had higher levels of urinary metabolites of xylene, cyanide, styrene, ethylbenzene, and benzene at baseline and elevated urinary levels of metabolites of xylene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and acrylonitrile after e-cigarette use. Metabolites of acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene were significantly higher in smokers than in users of other products or nontobacco users. VOC metabolite levels in smokeless tobacco group were comparable to those found in nonusers with the exception of xylene metabolite—2-methylhippuric acid (2MHA), which was almost three fold higher than in nontobacco users.

Conclusions
Smoking results in exposure to a range of VOCs at concentrations higher than those observed with other products, and first generation e-cigarette use is associated with elevated levels of N,N-dimethylformamide and xylene metabolites.

Implications
This study shows that occasional users of first generation e-cigarettes have lower levels of nicotine exposure than the users of combustible cigarettes. Compared with combustible cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco products deliver lower levels of most VOCs, with the exception of xylene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and acrylonitrile, whose metabolite levels were higher in the urine of e-cigarette users than nontobacco users. Absence of anatabine in the urine of e-cigarette users suggests that measuring urinary levels of this alkaloid may be useful in distinguishing between users of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. However, these results have to be validated in a larger cohortcomprised of users of e-cigarettes of multiple brands.
Pseudoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Polastro Laura , El Hachem Georges , Hendlisz Alain 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
In this article, we focus on the potential benefits and risks of chemotherapy administration before (perioperative) or after (pseudoadjuvant) a curative resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases.

Recent findings
In the published evidence, there is a lack of survival benefit from peri or postoperative chemotherapy in the context of resectable metastatic CRC. However, high-risk patients may have a certain benefit when receiving a postoperative cytotoxic treatment. Apart from, according to the published data, the administration of a preoperative chemotherapy has been associated with serious parenchymal liver damage and an increase in the postoperative morbidity-mortality rate.

Summary
Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment for metastatic CRC, but the risk of recurrence remains high. The current guidelines recommend the administration of either a perioperative or a pseudoadjuvant chemotherapy in this setting despite the absence of survival benefit. A better selection of patients who may require and gain an advantage from chemotherapy in the setting of resectable metastasis is highly needed. In this view, a prospective trial enrolling patients at high risk of recurrence is ongoing.
Physical activity modifies genetic susceptibility to obesity in postmenopausal women
Authors: Ochs-Balcom Heather M. , Preus Leah , Nie Jing , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Agyemang Linda , Neuhouser Marian L. , Tinker Lesley , Zheng Cheng , Kazlauskaite Rasa , Qi Lihong , Sucheston-Campbell Lara E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Objective:
We conducted a gene-environment interaction study to evaluate whether the association of body mass index (BMI) associated meta genome-wide association study single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (as a genetic risk score) and BMI is modified by physical activity and age.

Methods:
In 8,206 women of European ancestry from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), we used linear regression to examine main effects of the 95 SNP BMI genetic risk score (GRS) and physical activity on BMI, and evaluated whether genetic associations are modified by physical activity (two-way interaction) and age (three-way interaction).

Results:
We found evidence for modification of the BMI GRS-BMI association according to both physical activity and age. We observed a significant two-way interaction of BMI GRS × physical activity in the crude model (P interaction = 0.05), where a smaller effect of the BMI GRS on BMI with increasing physical activity. The beta coefficient was 0.05 (standard error [SE] = 0.02, P = 0.01) for the high-activity group compared with beta = 0.13 (SE = 0.02, P = 4.8 × 10−9) for the sedentary group. The three-way interaction was statistically significant (adjusted P interaction = 0.01). Notably, in the 70+ age group, the BMI GRS-BMI association was attenuated and no longer significant in the high-activity group; the beta coefficient for the 70+ high-activity group was relatively small and nonsignificant (beta = 0.02, SE = 0.03, P = 0.58) compared with 70+ sedentary group (beta = 0.17, SE = 0.03, P = 2.5 × 10−7).

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that physical activity attenuates the influence of genetic predisposition to obesity, and this effect is more profound in the oldest age group.
Brimonidine
Authors: Limone Brittanya , Luke Janiene 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
A drug is a particular substance in physiology that exerts an effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body. Drugs may be administered in a variety of constitutions from capsules, injections, creams, and ointments to inhalants, liquids, and dermal patches; via different routes, namely, topical, parenteral, and inhalation; and via injection routes such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous. The purpose of this column is to highlight some of the more commonly encountered drugs in dermatology. More specifically, this column will bring further understanding to the mechanism of action, administration, dosage, adverse effects, and viable alternatives to each particular drug being discussed. In this article, the role of the drug brimonidine tartrate, as a dermatologic treatment for erythema associated with rosacea, will be discussed.
The Safety and Utility of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in the Very Elderly
Authors: McLaughlin Cameron W. , Skabelund Andrew J. , Easterling Ellis R. , Morris Michael J. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is a common modality for diagnostic sampling within the thorax. It is utilized often in the elderly population, but there is limited data on the safety and utility of the procedure in the very elderly.

Methods:
FBs performed outside the intensive care unit in the San Antonio Military Health System on patients 85 years and older were reviewed. Outcomes including indications, complications, diagnostic yield, and final diagnosis were compared with a control group consisting of patients’ ages of 65 to 79 years old.

Results:
Seventy-three bronchoscopies were performed in each group. The mean age of the older group was 87.1±2.6 years, and had a higher American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class than the younger group (P=0.03). There were no significant differences in the indications for bronchoscopy (P>0.05), sampling performed (P>0.05), complication rates (P>0.05), diagnostic yield (P>0.05), or final diagnoses (P>0.05). Similar proportions of each group with a malignancy diagnosis received some form of therapy (P>0.05), although fewer of the older group underwent surgery (P=0.03). Analysis of the cohort demonstrated that ASA class 3 to 4 was associated with increased rate of complications and use of anesthesia compared with lower ASA class (P<0.02).

Conclusion:
FB in the elderly demonstrated no differences in procedural complications, diagnostic yield, and utility of the procedure for an underlying diagnosis. This study suggests bronchoscopy is as safe and useful in the very elderly as a population of the age of 65 to 79.
Outcomes of Conservative Management of High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Young Women
Authors: Lee Marette H. , Finlayson Sarah J. , Gukova Ksenia , Hanley Gillian , Miller Dianne , Sadownik Leslie Ann 
Published: May 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine regression rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3 in women younger than 24 years, followed conservatively for up to 24 months.

Materials and Methods
This is a retrospective chart review of colposcopy patients in clinic database based on the following: (1) younger than 24 years at first visit; (2) first visit January 1, 2010, to May 31, 2013, and at least 1 follow-up visit after diagnosis; (3) histologic diagnosis of CIN2+; and (4) optimal conservative management (observation for up to 24 months or to 24 years, whichever occurred first). Patient information and clinical/pathologic data were extracted from charts to examine patient characteristics and treatment outcomes, CIN2+ regression rates, median times to regression for CIN2 versus CIN3 (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis), and predictors of regression (multivariate logistic regression analysis).

Results
A total of 154 women met criteria. The most severe histological diagnoses were CIN2 in 99 (64.3%), CIN3 in 51 (33.1%), and adenocarcinoma in situ in 4 (2.6%). Adenocarcinoma in situ was immediately treated. In follow-up, CIN2 regressed to CIN1 or negative in 74 women (74.7%)-median time to regression, 10.8 months. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 regressed in 11 women (21.6%)-median time to regression not reached (last follow-up censored at 52.7 months). Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 on biopsy, low grade referral Pap, and younger age predicted regression. Overall, 49 women (31.8%) were treated.

Conclusions
Conservative management should continue to be recommended to young women with CIN2. Rigorous retention mechanisms are required to ensure that these women return for follow-up.