bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic risk, parenting, and inhibitory control in early childhood: the role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Authors: Holochwost Steven J. , Volpe Vanessa V. , Gueron‐Sela Noa , Propper Cathi B. , Mills‐Koonce W. Roger 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundDeficits of inhibitory control in early childhood are linked to externalizing behaviors and attention problems. While environmental factors and physiological processes are associated with its etiology, few studies have examined how these factors jointly predict inhibitory control. This study examined whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) functioned as a mediator or moderator of both cumulative sociodemographic risk and parenting behaviors on inhibitory control during early childhood.MethodsThe sample included 206 children and their biological mothers. At 24, 30, and 36 months of child age dyads participated in a series of laboratory visits in which sociodemographic, parenting, and baseline RSA (RSAB) data were collected. Inhibitory control was assessed at 36 months using a gift‐wrap delay task.ResultsA series of structural equation models yielded no evidence that RSAB mediated the relations of risk or parenting and inhibitory control. RSAB moderated the effects of risk, such that high‐risk children with low RSAB performed more poorly on tasks of inhibitory control, while high‐risk children with high RSAB did not.ConclusionsThese results suggest that higher levels of RSAB may mitigate the influence of environmental risk on the development of inhibitory control early childhood.
Delay in glucose peak time during the oral glucose tolerance test as an indicator of insulin resistance and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Wang Xinlei , Zhao Xiaoqin , Zhou Ranran , Gu Yunjuan , Zhu Xiaohui , Tang Zhuqi , Yuan Xinlu , Chen Wei , Zhang Rongping , Qian Chen , Cui Shiwei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionPrevious studies have shown that glucose peak time during the oral glucose tolerance test varies in type 2 diabetes patients; however, characteristics of this heterogeneity remain unclear. This research aimed to investigate the characteristics of delayed glucose peak time in type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA total of 178 participants who underwent the oral glucose tolerance test were divided into five groups according to glucose peak time.ResultsA total of 25 participants with normal glucose tolerance had a glucose peak at 30 min. Among participants with type 2 diabetes, 28 had a glucose peak at 60 min, 48 at 90 min, 45 at 120 min and 32 at 150 min. With the glucose peak time delayed, glycated hemoglobin, area under the glucose curve and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance increased gradually (P = 0.038, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively), and oral glucose insulin sensitivity, homeostatic model assessment of β‐cell function, insulinogenic index, modified β‐cell function index and disposition indices decreased (P < 0.0001 for all). On multinominal logistic regression, insulinogenic index (odds ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.57–0.93, P = 0.01), modified β‐cell function index (odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.47–0.94, P = 0.023) and oral glucose insulin sensitivity (odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.87–0.96, P < 0.0001) were independently correlated with delayed glucose peak time.ConclusionsDelay in glucose peak time indicated an increase in blood glucose and a decrease in insulin sensitivity and secretion. Furthermore, insulinogenic index, modified β‐cell function index and oral glucose insulin sensitivity contributed to delayed glucose peak time.
Determining the optimal approach to identifying individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The DOC study
Authors: Ronaldson Sarah J. , Dyson Lisa , Clark Laura , Hewitt Catherine E. , Torgerson David J. , Cooper Brendan G. , Kearney Matt , Laughey William , Raghunath Raghu , Steele Lisa , Rhodes Rebecca , Adamson Joy ,   on behalf of the DOC study team
Published: March 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesEarly identification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results in patients receiving appropriate management for their condition at an earlier stage in their disease. The determining the optimal approach to identifying individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (DOC) study was a case‐finding study to enhance early identification of COPD in primary care, which evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a series of simple lung function tests and symptom‐based case‐finding questionnaires.MethodsCurrent smokers aged 35 or more were invited to undertake a series of case‐finding tools, which comprised lung function tests (specifically, spirometry, microspirometry, peak flow meter, and WheezoMeter) and several case‐finding questionnaires. The effectiveness of these tests, individually or in combination, to identify small airways obstruction was evaluated against the gold standard of spirometry, with the quality of spirometry tests assessed by independent overreaders. The study was conducted with general practices in the Yorkshire and Humberside area, in the UK.ResultsSix hundred eighty‐one individuals met the inclusion criteria, with 444 participants completing their study appointments. A total of 216 (49%) with good‐quality spirometry readings were included in the analysis. The most effective case‐finding tools were found to be the peak flow meter alone, the peak flow meter plus WheezoMeter, and microspirometry alone. In addition to the main analysis, where the severity of airflow obstruction was based on fixed ratios and percent of predicted values, sensitivity analyses were conducted by using lower limit of normal values.ConclusionsThis research informs the choice of test for COPD identification; case‐finding by use of the peak flow meter or microspirometer could be used routinely in primary care for suspected COPD patients. Only those testing positive to these tests would move on to full spirometry, thereby reducing unnecessary spirometric testing.
The 3 faces of clinical reasoning: Epistemological explorations of disparate error reduction strategies
Authors: Monteiro Sandra , Norman Geoff , Sherbino Jonathan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere is general consensus that clinical reasoning involves 2 stages: a rapid stage where 1 or more diagnostic hypotheses are advanced and a slower stage where these hypotheses are tested or confirmed. The rapid hypothesis generation stage is considered inaccessible for analysis or observation. Consequently, recent research on clinical reasoning has focused specifically on improving the accuracy of the slower, hypothesis confirmation stage. Three perspectives have developed in this line of research, and each proposes different error reduction strategies for clinical reasoning. This paper considers these 3 perspectives and examines the underlying assumptions. Additionally, this paper reviews the evidence, or lack of, behind each class of error reduction strategies. The first perspective takes an epidemiological stance, appealing to the benefits of incorporating population data and evidence‐based medicine in every day clinical reasoning. The second builds on the heuristic and bias research programme, appealing to a special class of dual process reasoning models that theorizes a rapid error prone cognitive process for problem solving with a slower more logical cognitive process capable of correcting those errors. Finally, the third perspective borrows from an exemplar model of categorization that explicitly relates clinical knowledge and experience to diagnostic accuracy.
Evolution of intangible asset accounting: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Dinh Tami , Kang Helen , Morris Richard D. , Schultze Wolfgang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study investigates how the adoption of IFRS in Australia has changed the accounting for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets (IIA). Based on unique hand‐collected data for 802 Australian firm‐years during 2000–2010, we find that expenses related to IIA are higher under IFRS, which is consistent with the view that IFRS accounting policies for IIA are stricter than those under Australian domestic accounting standards pre‐2005 (AGAAP). Our results show two effects that accompany higher IIA expenses under IFRS, which reduce a negative impact on earnings: (i) lower goodwill expenses, and (ii) a shift in recognition of IIA from those with finite useful life to IIA with indefinite useful life. Finally, our market value analyses suggest that the market does not treat mechanical goodwill amortization as a genuine expense, but does treat as genuine expenses discretionary impairment charges, and more lenient IIA amortization under AGAAP. Our results are in line with prior Australian studies claiming that imposing stricter accounting rules for intangible assets under IFRS tends to diminish the quality of investors' information set.
A descriptive analysis of self‐injury in community settings: exploring behaviour–behaviour contingencies
Authors: Courtemanche A. B. , Lloyd B. P. , Tapp J. T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐injurious behaviour (SIB) is a treatment‐resistant aberrant behaviour that significantly impacts the lives of people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Direct observations of SIB under naturally occurring conditions can inform the unique structural properties of these behaviours, and the contexts in which they occur. While previous applications of sequential analyses have identified strong temporal associations between instances of SIB, they have relied on methods that do not adequately control for chance sequencing and may mask within‐participant variability by pooling data across contexts and response topographies. We applied a new sequential analysis method to quantify SIB–SIB contingencies within and across topographies for individuals with ID in community settings. We also explored the extent to which the direction and strength of SIB–SIB contingencies varied by context.MethodSeven individuals with chronic SIB were video‐recorded during their daily routines. A continuous, timed‐event data collection system was used to measure frequencies of five topographies of SIB and duration of staff interactions. We used an event lag with pauses sequential analysis method to estimate SIB–SIB contingencies within and across topographies and during times with and without staff interaction.ResultsPositive SIB–SIB contingencies were identified for all participants, with contingency strengths varying among participants and topographies. The strength and direction of the SIB–SIB contingencies also varied by the presence and absence of staff interaction.ConclusionsOur results suggest the direction and strength of SIB–SIB contingencies may be fluid based on the presence or absence of certain environmental context variables. Evaluating SIB–SIB contingencies under different environmental conditions may help identify contexts in which SIB is likely to persist.
Effect of age on electrical nerve conduction in the somatosensory pathway and its correlation with somatometry and plasma concentrations of musculoskeletal enzymes in male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) held in captivity
Authors: Hernández‐Godínez Braulio , Poblano Adrián , Bonilla‐Jaime Herlinda , Artega‐Silva Marcela , Sánchez‐Torres Stephanie , Mondragón‐Lozano Rodrigo , Ibáñez‐Contreras Alejandra 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSomatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) make it possible to obtain functional data on the activity of somatosensory pathway.ObjectiveTo evaluate the ontogeny of electrical nerve conduction in male rhesus monkeys using SEPs in correlation with the development of the musculoskeletal system based on somatometry and musculoskeletal enzymes.MethodsSomatosensory evoked potentials of the medial and tibial nerves were performed, and somatometric measurements were obtained: total length, arm and forearm length, and thigh and calf length. Analysis of the musculoskeletal enzymes, lactic dehydrogenase, and creatininase was conducted using blood samples in 20 rhesus monkeys divided into 5 groups.ResultsStatistical analysis manifested a delay in the appearance of latencies as age increased. Also evident was a strong, direct relation between the lengths and the value of the latencies of the SEP, together with an inverse relation between the musculoskeletal enzymes.ConclusionsThese findings contribute to standardizing this animal model in the neurophysiological sciences.
Evaluation of the McMahon Competence Assessment Instrument for Use with Midwifery Students During a Simulated Shoulder Dystocia
Authors: McMahon Erin , Jevitt Cecilia , Aronson Barbara 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionIntrapartum emergencies occur infrequently but require a prompt and competent response from the midwife to prevent morbidity and mortality of the woman, fetus, and newborn. Simulation provides the opportunity for student midwives to develop competence in a safe environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter‐rater reliability of the McMahon Competence Assessment Instrument (MCAI) for use with student midwives during a simulated shoulder dystocia scenario.MethodsA pilot study using a nonprobability convenience sample was used to evaluate the MCAI. Content validity indices were calculated for the individual items and the overall instrument using data from a panel of expert reviewers. Fourteen student midwives consented to be video recorded while participating in a simulated shoulder dystocia scenario. Three faculty raters used the MCAI to evaluate the student performance. These quantitative data were used to determine the inter‐rater reliability of the MCAI.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the inter‐rater reliability of MCAI scores between 2 or more raters. The ICC was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.60‐0.96). Fleiss's kappa was calculated to determine the inter‐rater reliability for individual items. Twenty‐three of the 42 items corresponded to excellent strength of agreement.DiscussionThis study demonstrates a method to determine the inter‐rater reliability of a competence assessment instrument to be used with student midwives. Data produced by this study were used to revise and improve the instrument. Additional research will further document the inter‐rater reliability and can be used to determine changes in student competence. Valid and reliable methods of assessment will encourage the use of simulation to efficiently develop the competence of student midwives.
N‐hexane exposure: a cause of small fiber neuropathy
Authors: Guimarães‐Costa Raquel , Schoindre Yoland , Metlaine Arnaud , Lefaucheur Jean‐Pascal , Camdessanché Jean‐Philippe , Maisonobe Thierry , Léger Jean‐Marc 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA 59‐year‐old woman presented with progressive paresthesias of all of her limbs for 4 years, associated with neuropathic pain, tingling in the tongue and allodynia, consistent with small fiber neuropathy (SFN). Several systemic symptoms and signs were found on clinical examination and laboratory work‐up. Neurological investigations including neurophysiologic test and skin biopsy supported the diagnosis of SFN. Chronic exposure to N‐hexane was then disclosed and suspected to be the cause of the disease. Following the discontinuation of chronic N‐hexane exposure, the patient had a progressive improvement of all signs and symptoms, reinforcing the correlation between exposure to N‐hexane, and development of SFN. Exposure to N‐hexane may be considered as a novel reversible cause of SFN, which underlines the need to look for toxic etiologies in the diagnosis of SFN.
Fracture Resistance of CAD/CAM‐Fabricated Lithium Disilicate MOD Inlays and Onlays with Various Cavity Preparation Designs
Authors: Yoon Hyung‐In , Sohn Paul J. , Jin Sharon , Elani Hawazin , Lee Sang J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo examine the fracture resistance of premolars restored with CAD/CAM lithium disilicate mesio‐occlusal‐distal (MOD) inlays and onlays of different cavity designs.Materials and MethodsTwo widths of occlusal isthmus (75%, 100% of intercuspal distance) and three designs of cuspal coverage (none, palatal, complete) were used for the preparation of MOD inlays and onlays in the extracted maxillary premolars. Sixty lithium disilicate restorations were milled and bonded into the cavities. After 24 hours of water storage, the specimens were loaded until fracture, and the fracture loads (N) were measured. Any evidence of cracks and fractures on the tested specimens were examined to classify failure patterns.ResultsMean fracture load values for the tested groups were as follows: 664.4 ± 214.7 N (group A), 659.3 ± 391.2 N (B), 681.9 ± 258.1 N (C), 938.1 ± 862.0 N (D), 841.7 ± 375.4 N (E), and 994.2 ± 486.3 N (F). The width of occlusal isthmus did not significantly affect the fracture loads among all the groups. Within groups with identical isthmus width, the fracture loads showed no significant difference depending on the designs of cuspal coverage. The majority of specimens showed either type III or IV fracture mode.ConclusionsWithin limitations of this study, the bonded restorations of premolars with CAD/CAM‐generated lithium disilicate were reliable, regardless of cavity preparation design.
Religious Pathways from Adolescence to Adulthood
Authors: Lee Bo Hyeong Jane , Pearce Lisa D. , Schorpp Kristen M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrior research suggests the significance of religion for development and well‐being in adolescence and beyond. Further, new developments and applications of statistical methods have led to ways of better accounting for the multidimensional nature of religiosity (e.g., latent class analysis), as well as the dynamic aspects of religiosity (e.g., latent growth curve models). Yet, rarely, if ever, are both features of religiosity incorporated and examined together. Therefore, we propose and conduct a latent class analysis using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to identify seven distinct pathways of religiosity that involve independently changing levels of religious affiliation, religious service attendance, personal importance of religion, and prayer from adolescence to adulthood. We also show how individuals’ religious pathways are related to gender, race, parents’ education, their own education, and family formation experiences in the transition to adulthood. Our findings inform the study of how multiple dimensions of religiosity take shape across adolescence and the transition to adulthood, and suggest a new way for measuring the dynamics of religiosity in studies of the impact of religion across the life course.
The Gift Economy of Direct Transnational Civic Action: How Reciprocity and Inequality Are Managed in Religious “Partnerships”
Authors: Adler Gary J. , Offutt Stephen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHow does religion help facilitate civic action in transnational contexts characterized by material inequality and spatial separation? Short‐term mission (STM) travel, a popular activity among U.S. religious groups, exemplifies a recently emerged form of transnational civic action characterized by face‐to‐face, decentralized, pragmatic activity. Our research analyzes how participants in STM‐based relationships manage inequality while pursuing an ideal of partnership across distance. We match data from a mixed methods study of Arizona congregations that produce STM travel with interview data from foreign religious organizations that host STM travelers in El Salvador. We engage gift exchange theory (GET) to show how a discursive repertoire combines with organized gift exchange practices to manage inequality and produce partnership in STM‐based relationships. Our data provide evidence of a unique cultural process, thespiritualization of reception, which emerges during gift reciprocation. This process converts unequal material gifts from foreign hosts into spiritual understanding among STM travelers, stabilizing status indebtedness that could threaten a partnership. This research increases knowledge of STM travel, shows how gift exchange structures can facilitate transnational religious partnerships, and suggests ways to use GET to understand transnational civic action in general.
Expression profiles of host immune response‐related genes against HEV genotype 3 and genotype 1 infections in rhesus macaques
Authors: Choi Y. H. , Zhang X. , Tran C. , Skinner B. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype (gt) 3 infection is food‐borne causing sporadic infections in older individuals and gt1 infection is waterborne, often causing epidemics affecting primarily young adults. Although HEV infection causes self‐limited disease, gt3 induces chronic infection in immunocompromised individuals. Hepatic host gene expression against gt3 infection remains unknown. Host gene expression profiles for HEV gt1 (n = 3) and gt3 (n = 7) infections were analysed in the livers of experimentally infected rhesus macaques. HEV RNA was detected from 2 to 24 days after inoculation (DAI) in stool and serum, elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was detected from 7 to 31 DAI, and anti‐HEV antibody became detectable between 12 and 42 DAI. All 10 animals cleared the infection between 34 and 68 DAI. We found that 24%, 48% and 41% of hepatic immune response genes against gt3 infection were upregulated during the early, peak and decline phases of HEV RNA replication. For gt1 infection, 25% of hepatic immune response‐related genes were downregulated during early viremia, but 6%, 34% and 37% of genes were upregulated at the early, peak and during decline of HEV RNA replication, respectively. Our study demonstrated distinct differences in the expression profiles of host immune response‐related genes of HEV gt3 and gt1 infections in experimentally infected rhesus macaques.
Contextual Richness and Word Learning: Context Enhances Comprehension but Retrieval Enhances Retention
Authors: van den Broek Gesa S. E. , Takashima Atsuko , Segers Eliane , Verhoeven Ludo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLearning new vocabulary from context typically requires multiple encounters during which word meaning can be retrieved from memory or inferred from context. We compared the effect of memory retrieval and context inferences on short‐ and long‐term retention in three experiments. Participants studied novel words and then practiced the words either in an uninformative context that required the retrieval of word meaning from memory (“I need thefunguo”) or in an informative context from which word meaning could be inferred (“I want to unlock the door: I need thefunguo”). The informative context facilitated word comprehension during practice. However, later recall of word form and meaning and word recognition in a new context were better after successful retrieval practice and retrieval practice with feedback than after context‐inference practice. These findings suggest benefits of retrieval during contextualized vocabulary learning whereby the uninformative context enhanced word retention by triggering memory retrieval.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded Open Materials and Open Data badges. Stimuli and datasets are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework athttps://osf.io/eujyn. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science:https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.