bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated B Cell, Toll-like, and BAFF Receptor Signals Promote Autoantibody Production by Transitional B Cells
Authors: Du Samuel W. , Jacobs Holly M. , Arkatkar Tanvi , Rawlings David J. , Jackson Shaun W. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The B cell survival cytokine BAFF has been linked with the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). BAFF binds distinct BAFF-family surface receptors, including the BAFF-R and transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI). Although originally characterized as a negative regulator of B cell activation, TACI signals are critical for class-switched autoantibody (autoAb) production in BAFF transgenic mice. Consistent with this finding, a subset of transitional splenic B cells upregulate surface TACI expression and contribute to BAFF-driven autoAb. In the current study, we interrogated the B cell signals required for transitional B cell TACI expression and Ab production. Surprisingly, despite established roles for dual BCR and TLR signals in autoAb production in SLE, signals downstream of these receptors exerted distinct impacts on transitional B cell TACI expression and autoAb titers. Whereas loss of BCR signals prevented transitional B cell TACI expression and resulted in loss of serum autoAb across all Ig isotypes, lack of TLR signals exerted a more limited impact restricted to autoAb class-switch recombination without altering transitional B cell TACI expression. Finally, in parallel with the protective effect of TACI deletion, loss of BAFF-R signaling also protected against BAFF-driven autoimmunity. Together, these findings highlight how multiple signaling pathways integrate to promote class-switched autoAb production by transitional B cells, events that likely impact the pathogenesis of SLE and other BAFF-dependent autoimmune diseases.
The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Boys' Soccer (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Soccer (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Putukian Margot , Chang Cindy J. , DiStefano Lindsay J. , Currie Dustin W. , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Knowles Sarah B. , Wasserman Erin B. , Dompier Thomas P. , Comstock R. Dawn , Marshall Stephen W. 
Published: October 2018

Context:
The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of boys' and men's soccer injury data.

Objective:
To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school boys' soccer in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate men's soccer in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.

Design:
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting:
Online injury surveillance from soccer teams of high school boys (annual average = 100) and collegiate men (annual average = 41).

Patients or Other Participants:
Boys' or men's soccer players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school and the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college, respectively.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis were calculated.

Results:
High School Reporting Information Online documented 2912 time-loss injuries during 1 592 238 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 4765 time-loss injuries during 686 918 AEs. The injury rate was higher in college than in high school (6.94 versus 1.83/1000 AEs; IRR = 3.79; 95% CI = 3.62, 3.97). Injury rates increased with smaller school size for high schools and were higher in Division I than in Divisions II and III. The injury rate was higher during competitions than during practices in both high school (IRR = 3.55; 95% CI = 3.30, 3.83) and college (IRR = 3.45; 95% CI = 3.26, 3.65). Most injuries were to the lower extremity. However, concussion was a common injury, particularly in collegiate goalkeepers and at all positions for high school players. Concussions accounted for more than one-fifth of injuries in high school games.

Conclusions:
Injury-prevention interventions should be tailored to reflect variations in the incidence and type of injury by level of competition, event type, and position.
Adipose tissue: A natural resource for multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with potential translation to trigerminal layers
Authors: Vyas Bhaskar , Shah Atul , Marathe Anant , Vyas Rajni , Bhonde Ramesh ,   Ansarullah
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: The article reports basic science research that establishes that adipose tissue (AT)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a potential to transgerminal translation. Study Design: MSC confirmation was obtained by phenotypic spindle-shaped cells as well as with four positive and three negative markers. The translineage translation of adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) was established. Materials and Methods: The lipoaspirate was subjected to enzymatic digestion with collagenase. Stromal vascular factor (SVF) was isolated. With two passages, pure culture of ADMSCs was obtained. They were translated to all the three germinal layers. Results: AT-derived SVF contains ~30% MSCs. They are capable of being translated into endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. Conclusion: AT is a rich source for MSCs, with immense research possibilities for regeneration and rejuvenation.
Autologous fat grafting in the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency: Clinical outcomes and treatment tolerability survey in a case series of 21 patients
Authors: Panizza Renzo , Ghiglione Marco , Zingarelli Enrico Maria , Massa Michela , Carlini Claudio , Arnoldi Rossella , Prato Alessio Pini , Scarrone Silvia , Vaccarella Francesco 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is the inability to close the velopharyngeal sphincter during phonation and/or feeding. VPI is clinically characterised by hypernasal speech and nasal regurgitation. In cases of severe VPI, pharyngoplasty is recommended. Cases of mild-to-moderate VPI can be treated with fat grafting of the posterior pharyngeal wall in addition to speech therapy. The lipofilling can also be useful after pharyngoplasty to improve the outcomes. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients (14 males and 7 females), ages 4–23 affected by mild-to-moderate VPI and treated with lipofilling were included in this retrospective study. The mean injected fat volume was 7.95 cc (median 6 cc, min 4 cc, max 20 cc and range 16 cc). The follow-up ranged from 6 to 60 months. The pre- and post-operative Borel–Maisonny scores were compared using Wilcoxon test. Moreover, we performed a telephone survey with the aim to assess the parental perception on child's speech and quality of life after the surgical treatment. Results: Despite the small sample size, in this case series, we observed a statistically significant Borel–Maisonny score improvement and a parental satisfaction rate of about 85%. Conclusions: The augmentation of the posterior pharyngeal wall in addition to speech therapy improved the Borel–Maisonny score and the intelligibility of this case series of patients affected by mild-to-moderate VPI. In these patients, evaluated in a multidisciplinary approach, this technique allowed us to avoid major surgical procedures that would modify the anatomy of the velopharyngeal port. However, prospective comparative studies or randomised controlled trials could be useful to compare fat grafting with velopharyngoplasty techniques, with the aim to clarify indications and to define a specific treatment protocol.
The refinement of the median tubercle of cleft lip
Authors: Murthy Jyotsna 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Aim: Repair of cleft lip aims to bring symmetry and provide normal aesthetics for the lip. Several techniques have been employed; however, the finer aspect of median lip tubercle has not been emphasised in cleft lip repair. Materials and Methods: We have modified cleft lip repair, both unilateral and bilateral, preserving all the tissues of the median tubercle to provide normal-looking median tubercle of the lip. The modified technique was carried out by a single surgeon on 322 cases of unilateral cleft lip and 68 cases of bilateral cleft lip. Follow-up was done for 1–3 years on these children to evaluate the outcome. Results: The evaluation showed excellent results in more than 80% of patients in unilateral cleft lip repair, on 1–3 years of follow-up; 20% had acceptable results. Of 68 patients with bilateral cleft lip, none had any complication, and excellent results were obtained in 70%. Result was rated acceptable in 30%; 15% may need revision surgery for white roll and vermilion adjustment. Conclusion: We present the technique of reconstructing a normal-looking median tubercle in cleft lip repair. The technique was modified based on the study of normal upper lip and embryology of cleft lip, with emphasis on creating better median tubercle of the lip.
Comparison of subdermal and perforator delay techniques on a rat flap model
Authors: Altinel Dincer , Biltekin Burcu , Serin Merdan , Sahin Ugur , Altindas Muzaffer 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: In this study, we investigated the subdermal and perforator delay phenomena as a method to improve flap survival. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we used 24 rats in three groups. In the control group, the dorsal flaps were elevated and reinserted back to their place. In the experimental groups, we practiced the delay phenomena with two different techniques. In the first experimental group, cranial and lateral side incisions were performed; however, the flaps were not cut-off from the underlying fascia. In the second experimental group, we placed a silicon sheet under the planned flap to cut-off the circulation from the perforator vessels. Four weeks after the delay procedure, the flaps were raised completely and reinserted back to their place. Results: The average of necrotic area in the control group was 21.9% (±7.70). There was no necrosis in both experimental groups (P < 0.0001). Histological examination revealed that collagen density in both of the experimental groups was increased in comparison to the control group, it has only been found a significant first experimental group (P = 0.0315). We have not found any significant difference in lymphocyte density between the groups. Angiographic imaging has showed an increase in the vascular density in the flaps of the first experimental group. Conclusion: We believe that both of these delay techniques can be adapted to clinical applications and used safely to increase flap survival.
A deep stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone transport event over Europe simulated in CAMS global and regional forecast systems: analysis and evaluation
Authors: Akritidis Dimitris , Katragkou Eleni , Zanis Prodromos , Pytharoulis Ioannis , Melas Dimitris , Flemming Johannes , Inness Antje , Clark Hannah , Plu Matthieu , Eskes Henk 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) is an important natural source of
tropospheric ozone, which can occasionally influence ground-level ozone
concentrations relevant for air quality. Here, we analyse and evaluate the
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) global and regional forecast
systems during a deep STT event over Europe for the time period from 4 to 9 January 2017. The predominant synoptic condition is described by a deep upper
level trough over eastern and central Europe, favouring the formation of
tropopause folding events along the jet stream axis and therefore the
intrusion of stratospheric ozone into the troposphere. Both global and
regional CAMS forecast products reproduce the “hook-shaped” streamer of
ozone-rich and dry air in the middle troposphere depicted from the observed
satellite images of water vapour. The CAMS global model successfully
reproduces the folding of the tropopause at various European sites, such as
Trapani (Italy), where a deep folding down to 550 hPa is seen. The
stratospheric ozone intrusions into the troposphere observed by WOUDC
ozonesonde and IAGOS aircraft measurements are satisfactorily forecasted up
to 3 days in advance by the CAMS global model in terms of both temporal and
vertical features of ozone. The fractional gross error (FGE) of CAMS ozone
day 1 forecast between 300 and 500 hPa is 0.13 over Prague, while over
Frankfurt it is 0.04 and 0.19, highlighting the contribution of data
assimilation, which in most cases improves the model performance. Finally, the
meteorological and chemical forcing of CAMS global forecast system in the CAMS
regional forecast systems is found to be beneficial for predicting the
enhanced ozone concentrations in the middle troposphere during a deep STT
event.
Device Configurations and Future Prospects of Flexible/Stretchable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Di , Lou Zheng , Jiang Kai , Shen Guozhen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWith the rapid expanse and progress of flexible/wearable electronics, it is highly desirable to develop flexible/stretchable power sources, as it is a key technique for the realization of fully flexible integrated systems. Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most ideal candidates of power sources because of their attractive features of high energy density, high power density, and long cycle life. The recent progress of flexible/stretchable LIBs from the viewpoint of device structure design is reviewed herein, as the device configurations are vital for the practical applications of flexible/stretchable LIBs. The remaining challenges and future opportunities for this emerging field are also highlighted from the viewpoint of practical applications.
Relationships Between Enamel Prism Decussation and Organization of the Ameloblast Layer in Rodent Incisors
Authors: Alloing‐Séguier Léanie , Marivaux Laurent , Barczi Jean‐François , Lihoreau Fabrice , Martinand‐Mari Camille 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTRodent enamel microstructure has been extensively investigated, primarily on the basis of 2D electronic microscopy data. The nature and dynamics of the ameloblasts (the enamel‐secreting cells) have also been well studied. However, critical issues still remain surrounding exactly how the ameloblasts produce the astonishing microstructural complexity of enamel, and how this subtle architecture evolved through time. In this article, we used a new methodology based on confocal laser microscopy to reconstruct the enamel microstructure of rodent incisors in three dimensions (3D) with the ameloblasts in situ. We proposed interpretations regarding the possible relationships between the workings of the ameloblasts and the resulting enamel prisms, especially how the phenomenon of decussation is generated. Finally, we were able to represent the two main types of modern rodent incisor microstructures (uniserial and multiserial decussations), as a set of parameters that have been entered into the 3D enamel simulation software Simulenam to generate 3D models that can be digitally manipulated. Associating 2D data of incisor enamel microstructure of fossil rodents and Simulenam, it was then possible to better understand how the various decussation parameters evolved through time and gave rise to the two modern microstructure types from the same ancestral type (pauciserial). This study also confirmed that rodent and artiodactyl enamel do not share the same mechanism of decussation formation. Anat Rec, 302:1195–1209, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Yak (Bos grunniens) Tonsils: Morphological Description and Expression of IgA and IgG
Authors: Sun Juan , Cui Yan , Yu Si‐Jiu , Xu Yuan‐Fang , He Jun‐Feng , Liu Peng‐Gang , Huang Yu‐Feng , Li Qin 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to describe the morphology, expression of IgA and IgG in adult yak tonsils. The 12 clinically healthy yak tonsils [3‐ to 6‐year old,n= 12] were examined for morphology using light, and transmission electron microscopes. Expression of IgA and IgG was measured by qRT‐PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the palatine tonsil, the tonsil of the soft palate, and the lingual tonsil were oropharyngeal tonsils. The stratified squamous epithelia covering them had a thick underlying layer of connective tissue and their crypts were heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes. The pharyngeal tonsil and the tubal tonsil were nasopharyngeal tonsils. The epithelia of them was predominantly pseudostratified columnar ciliary epithelium, which were loosely arranged with a number of desmosomes or intermediate junctions variably connecting them. The expression levels of IgA and IgG mRNA and protein from high to low was in the pharyngeal tonsil, palatine tonsil, tonsil of the soft palate, lingual tonsil, and tubal tonsil, respectively. Interestingly, the expression of IgG was very significantly higher than that of IgA in yak tonsils (P< 0.01). Both the IgA and IgG ASCs were distributed in the subepithelial areas of the non‐reticular crypt epithelium, especially areas of pseudostratified columnar ciliary epithelium, the reticular crypt epithelium, lymphoid follicles, interfollicular areas, and with some of the positive cells aggregating around the glands. The results indicated that the tonsils were not only typical secondary lymphoid organs but also lymphoepithelial structures. IgG could be a significant component of mucosal immune responses in yak tonsils. Anat Rec, 302:999–1009, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Response of the Axial Skeleton to Bipedal Loading Behaviors in an Experimental Animal Model
Authors: Russo Gabrielle A. , Marsh D'arcy , Foster Adam D. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMany derived aspects of modern human axial skeletal morphology reflect our reliance on obligate bipedal locomotion. Insight into the adaptive significance of features, particularly in the spine, has been gained through experimental studies that induce bipedal standing or walking in quadrupedal mammals. Using an experimental animal model (Rattus norvegicus), the present study builds on earlier work by incorporating additional metrics of the cranium, employing quantitative methods established in the paleoanthropological literature, and exploring how variation in mechanical loading regimes impacts axial anatomy. Rats were assigned to one of five experimental groups, including “fully loaded bipedal walking,” “partially loaded bipedal walking,” “standing bipedally,” “quadrupedal walking,” and “no exercise control,” and engaged in the behavior over 12‐weeks. From μCT data obtained at the beginning and end of the experiment, we measured foramen magnum position and orientation, lumbar vertebral body wedging, cranial surface area of the lumbar and first sacral vertebral bodies, and sacral mediolateral width. Results demonstrate that bipedal rodents generally have more anteriorly positioned foramina magna, more dorsally wedged lumbar vertebrae, greater articular surface areas of lumbar and first sacral vertebral bodies, and sacra that exhibit greater mediolateral widths, compared to quadrupedal rodents. We further document variation among bipedal loading behavior groups (e.g., bipedal standing vs. walking). Our experimental animal model reveals how loading behaviors and adaptations may be specifically linked, and implicates a potential role for developmental plasticity in the evolutionary acquisition of bipedal adaptations in the hominin lineage. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy.
Iron‐Based Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts: Abundant, Cheap, and Promising
Authors: Liu Tianqi , Zhang Biaobiao , Sun Licheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn efficient and robust water oxidation catalyst based on abundant and cheap materials is the key to converting solar energy into fuels through artificial photosynthesis for the future of humans. The development of molecular water oxidation catalysts (MWOCs) is a smart way to achieve promising catalytic activity, thanks to the clear structures and catalytic mechanisms of molecular catalysts. Efficient MWOCs based on noble‐metal complexes, for example, ruthenium and iridium, have been well developed over the last 30 years; however, the development of earth‐abundant metal‐based MWOCs is very limited and still challenging. Herein, the promising prospect of iron‐based MWOCs is highlighted, with a comprehensive summary of previously reported studies and future research focus in this area.
Comparative metabolism of the eight main bioactive ingredients of gegen qinlian decoction by the intestinal flora of diarrhoeal and healthy piglets
Authors: Liu Chang‐Shun , Liang Xiao , Wei Xiao‐Han , Chen Fei‐Long , Tang Qing‐Fa , Tan Xiao‐Mei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDiarrhoeal diseases alter the composition of intestinal flora, thereby affecting the efficacy of herbal medicinal formulations. Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD), a Chinese traditional herbal formulation, is widely used to treat infectious diarrhoea. However, little is known about the microbial disposition of GQD in the diarrhoeal state. In this study, the comparative metabolism of components of GQD by diarrhoeal and normal intestinal flora was investigated in vitro. UPLC–MS/MS was performed for simultaneous analysis of eight ingredients of GQD in bacterial solution. The type, activities, and sources of microbial enzymes were also investigated. Microbial metabolism of daidzin, genistin and liquiritin (metabolized by β‐glucosidase); baicalin, wogonoside and glycyrrhizin (metabolized by β‐glucuronidase); and berberine and coptisine (metabolized via nitroreductase) was faster in the diarrhoeal group than in the normal group. Moreover, the activities of these enzymes in the diarrhoeal group were higher than those in the normal group. This difference might be associated with the increase in Escherichia spp. Thus, a change in the metabolism of components by diarrhoeal intestinal flora is associated with a preponderance of Escherichia spp., which might improve the efficacy of GQD. These findings have implications for understanding the action mechanism of GQD for diarrhoea treatment in terms of the microbial milieu.
Unusual presentation of Crohn's disease in a boy with penile swelling
Authors: Motamed Farzaneh , Esfandiarpour Bahareh , Ahmadipour Shokoufeh 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageCrohn's disease is one of the three subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease, with regional, transmural, and granulomatous inflammation. The present study is a case report on an 11‐year‐old boy who was referred to the hospital due to penis swelling and pain since a year ago, the patient sometimes complained of pain when urinating, he was having a severe painful swelling in the penis shaft; however, his scrotum was completely normal. He was diagnosed with crohn's disease, thus was placed on azathioprine therapy which eradicated his pain after 3 months, and thus, his skin lesion became much smaller. Crohn's disease, especially in children, should be considered in patient with unknown skin complications, and, if clinically suspected, biopsy examination should be performed. The diagnosis of crohn's disease may be delayed in extradigestive cases. This disease occurs when associated with skin manifestations, which is uncommon. We reported a case with penile crohn's disease, of which few cases have been reported in children to date.
Diagnostic value of preparing bone marrow smears from the small amount of material left within the aspiration needle following a dry tap
Authors: Islam Anwarul 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageBone marrow aspirations are used in the diagnosis of patients with hematological disorders. Cytological diagnosis becomes difficult when aspiration is a dry tap. Smears produced from the material left in the needle following a dry tap can provide valuable information either to complement or even make an accurate diagnosis.