bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Is There Lead in My Water?”: Employing a Culturally Compelling Instructional Perspective to Teach for Change
Authors: Boyd Fenice B. , Ridgeway Monica L. , Nyachae Tiffany M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this paper we build a conceptual framework to argue for culturally compelling instruction that leads to teaching for change. Culturally compelling instruction calls for a substantive shift in how teachers view their students, communities, and what the perspective might mean for students’ future when they have access to alternative learning opportunities. The framework encourages teachers to take a stance and assume responsibility and ownership for their own decisions about the curriculum and instructional delivery. Most prominent is to acquire a depth of understanding of their students’ identities and needs. To represent our vision for culturally compelling instruction we use the lead poisoned water crisis in Flint, Michigan, USA as an illustrative case. Our work provides an example of how a real-world circumstance such as Flint’s may be integrated into content area subjects to frame a culturally compelling instructional practice.
Donʼt Ask Us for Lex. Body Exhibition and Forms of Exclusion
Authors: Merotto Maria Federica 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The essay deals with the many boundaries set and exceeded by Roman Law when human corporeality is involved. In particular, the focus is on the strict correlation between body expression and socio-juridical marginalization, clearly visible in the case of prostitution in ancient Rome, but also in acting and in fighting in the arenas, activities sharing the same goal as prostitution: they were designed to bring pleasure to the senses. These forms of marginalization differ from the inexorable limit, already decrypted by Roman Law, set by humankindʼs bodily nature to the action of Law: Law is not in the position to “have the last word” on matters concerning human life, on which nature alone can “lay down Law.”
Public Health in Germany: a new “Golden Age”?
Authors: Razum Oliver , Bozorgmehr Kayvan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The first “Golden Age” of public health beginning in the 1830s led to major improvements in population health, mainly through advances in hygiene and sanitation but also through social reform. Few decades later, the success of bacteriology as well as the increasing technical and economical potentials of biomedicine backgrounded social approaches. In the 1960s, social epidemiology began to thrive again in the UK. Germany followed with a major delay after the horrific misuse of population health by the Nazi regime. Today, public health in Germany is regaining strength. A renewed focus on basic research (e.g. genomics) and on economic exploitability without effective solutions to political challenges could, however, quickly terminate a second Golden Age.
A review of biogas and an assessment of its economic impact and future role as a renewable energy source
Authors: Lisowyj Michal , Wright Mark Mba 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a technology that is gaining popularity because of the need for more renewable energy sources around the world. AD is a complex series of biochemical reactions that ultimately result in the formation of biogas, which is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide with other trace elements. From large installations to small personal reactors, the underlying basic process is the same, but through research, pretreatments and substrate co-digestion are becoming more popular to enhance biogas production. Reactor design and substrate selection also vary depending on the installation’s location. Biogas cleaning and upgrading help to increase the usability of the gas for multiple applications. The economic viability depends on the location in the world and the available substrate quality and quantity. AD processes rely heavily on government subsidies to stay profitable. In developing countries, AD profitability is not a concern, as this technology provides a way to better human life in these areas. This review presents a detailed look at the AD technology, provides a discussion on the economics of AD, and suggests future studies to enhance the technology.
»Where is Wisdom to be Found?« Rethinking the Song of Songs’ Solomonic Setting
Authors: Heereman Nina Sophie 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Das Argument, das Hohelied könne nicht symbolisch für Gottes Bundesliebe zu Israel verstanden werden, weil es zur Weisheitsliteratur gehöre, ist anachronistisch und nicht überzeugend. Nach formgeschichtlichen Kriterien gehört das Hohelied nicht zur Weisheitsliteratur. Auch seine kanonische Einordnung unter die Salomonischen Bücher macht es nicht zu einem weisheitlichen Buch. Vielmehr gehört es, wie das mesopotamische Vergleichsmaterial zeigt, in den Bereich der Königsliteratur. Auf diesem Hintergrund kann das Hohelied möglicherweise eine »orthodoxe« israelitische Aneignung des altorientalischen Motivs der Heiligen Hochzeit sein, in dem Israel oder Jerusalem den Platz der Göttin einnimmt, während Salomon – wie jeder altorientalische König – dem Volk als Gottes Stellvertreter gegenübertritt. In diesem Licht gesehen bestätigt sich eine der zentralen Einsichten der Wirkungsgeschichte des Hohenliedes: Es mag doch schon von Anfang die gott-menschliche Bundesliebe besungen haben.
Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the coloured Heusler phases GdAg2Mg andREAgAuMg (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy)
Authors: Heletta Lukas , Stein Sebastian , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of the ferromagnetic compound GdAg2Mg [TC=98.3(5) K] was investigated along with its electrical resistivity and the specific heat capacity. The magnetic entropy changes (–ΔSM) as well as the changes in adiabatic temperature (ΔTad) have been calculated from these data. Furthermore, the magnetic susceptibility of the pseudo-quaternary Heusler phases GdAgAuMg, TbAgAuMg and DyAgAuMg [i.e.RE(Ag0.5Au0.5)2Mg] were measured and compared to the data for the pure silver and gold compoundsREAg2Mg andREAu2Mg. The substitution of the transition metal at the crystallographic Wyckoff site 8cinfluences the magnetic ground state of the trivalent rare earth metals and therefore drastically alters the Curie temperatures. The structure of GdAgAuMg was refined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data, revealing a small deviation from the equiatomic composition leading to the refined formula GdAg0.92(6)Au1.08(6)Mg [space groupFm3̅m,Z=4,a=695.03(10) pm,wR2=0.0883, 55F2values, six parameters]. The intermetallic compounds were synthesised in sealed niobium ampoules under high temperature conditions. They have reddish to brassy colour.
Energy Dissipation and Pore Pressure Generation in Stress- and Strain-Controlled Cyclic Triaxial Tests
Authors: Polito Carmine P. , Moldenhauer Henry H. M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The pore pressures generated in soils subjected to cyclic loadings have been shown to be proportional to the energy dissipated in the soil during that loading. Both stress-controlled and strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests can be used to develop parameters for energy-based pore pressure models; however, the patterns of their energy dissipation into the soil are quite different. In this study, the two patterns of energy-dissipation associated with stress-controlled and strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were developed and then confirmed using sixteen stress-controlled and sixteen strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests. Additionally, it was shown that the patterns of pore-pressure generation for the two tests, which differ greatly when evaluated relative to the cycles of loading, were very similar when evaluated in terms of their energy dissipation.
Hippocampal-Evoked Feedforward Inhibition in the Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Scudder Samantha L. , Baimel Corey , Macdonald Emma E. , Carter Adam G. 
Published: September 2018

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is critical for motivated behavior and is rewired following exposure to drugs of abuse. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the NAc express either D1 or D2 receptors and project to distinct downstream targets. Differential activation of these MSNs depends on both excitation from long-range inputs and inhibition via the local circuit. Assessing how long-range excitatory inputs engage inhibitory circuitry is therefore important for understanding NAc function. Here, we use slice electrophysiology and optogenetics to study ventral hippocampal (vHPC)-evoked feedforward inhibition in the NAc of male and female mice. We find that vHPC-evoked excitation is stronger at D1+ than D1− MSNs, whereas inhibition is unbiased at the two cell types. vHPC inputs contact both parvalbumin-positive (PV+) and somatostatin-positive (SOM+) interneurons, but PV+ cells are preferentially activated. Moreover, suppressing PV+ interneurons indicates they are primarily responsible for vHPC-evoked inhibition. Finally, repeated cocaine exposure alters the excitation of D1+ and D1− MSNs, without concomitant changes to inhibition, shifting the excitation/inhibition balance. Together, our results highlight the contributions of multiple interneuron populations to feedforward inhibition in the NAc. Moreover, they demonstrate that inhibition provides a stable backdrop on which drug-evoked changes to excitation occur within this circuit.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGiven the importance of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in reward learning and drug-seeking behaviors, it is critical to understand what controls the activity of cells in this region. While excitatory inputs to projection neurons in the NAc have been identified, it is unclear how the local inhibitory network becomes engaged. Here, we identify a sparse population of interneurons responsible for feedforward inhibition evoked by ventral hippocampal input and characterize their connections within the NAc. We also demonstrate that the balance of excitation and inhibition that projection neurons experience is altered by exposure to cocaine. Together, this work provides insight into the fundamental circuitry of this region as well as the effects of drugs of abuse.
TOM1 Regulates Neuronal Accumulation of Amyloid-β Oligomers by FcγRIIb2 Variant in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Gwon Youngdae , Kam Tae-In , Kim Seo-Hyun , Song Sungmin , Park Hyejin , Lim Bitna , Lee Haneul , Lee Weontae , Jo Dong-Gyu , Jung Yong-Keun 
Published: September 2018

Emerging evidences suggest that intraneuronal Aβ correlates with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and highly contributes to neurodegeneration. However, critical mediator responsible for Aβ uptake in AD pathology needs to be clarified. Here, we report that FcγRIIb2, a variant of Fcγ-receptor IIb (FcγRIIb), functions in neuronal uptake of pathogenic Aβ. Cellular accumulation of oligomeric Aβ1–42,not monomeric Aβ1–42or oligomeric Aβ1–40, was blocked byFcgr2bknock-out in neurons and partially in astrocytes. Aβ1–42internalization was FcγRIIb2 di-leucine motif-dependent and attenuated by TOM1, a FcγRIIb2-binding protein that repressed the receptor recycling. TOM1 expression was downregulated in the hippocampus of male 3xTg-AD mice and AD patients, and regulated by miR-126-3p in neuronal cells after exposure to Aβ1–42. In addition, memory impairments in male 3xTg-AD mice were rescued by the lentiviral administration of TOM1 gene. Augmented Aβ uptake into lysosome caused its accumulation in cytoplasm and mitochondria. Moreover, neuronal accumulation of Aβ in both sexes of 3xTg-AD mice and memory deficits in male 3xTg-AD mice were ameliorated by forebrain-specific expression of Aβ-uptake-defectiveFcgr2bmutant. Our findings suggest that FcγRIIb2 is essential for neuropathic uptake of Aβ in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAccumulating evidences suggest that intraneuronal Aβ is found in the early step of AD brain and is implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the critical mediator involved in these processes is uncertain. Here, we describe that the FcγRIIb2 variant is responsible for both neuronal uptake and intraneuronal distribution of pathogenic Aβ linked to memory deficits in AD mice, showing a pathologic significance of the internalized Aβ. Further, Aβ internalization is attenuated by TOM1, a novel FcγRIIb2-binding protein. Together, we provide a molecular mechanism responsible for neuronal uptake of pathogenic Aβ found in AD.
Graded Transmission without Action Potentials Sustains Rhythmic Activity in Some But Not All Modulators That Activate the Same Current
Authors: Rosenbaum Philipp , Marder Eve 
Published: September 2018

Neurons in the central pattern-generating circuits in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) release neurotransmitter both as a graded function of presynaptic membrane potential that persists in TTX and in response to action potentials. In the STG of the male crabCancer borealis, the modulators oxotremorine,C. borealistachykinin-related peptide Ia (CabTRP1a), red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH), proctolin, TNRNFLRFamide, and crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) produce and sustain robust pyloric rhythms by activating the same modulatory current (IMI), albeit on different subsets of pyloric network targets. The muscarinic agonist oxotremorine, and the peptides CabTRP1a and RPCH elicited rhythmic triphasic intracellular alternating fluctuations of activity in the presence of TTX. Intracellular waveforms of pyloric neurons in oxotremorine and CabTRP1a in TTX were similar to those in the intact rhythm, and phase relationships among neurons were conserved. Although cycle frequency was conserved in oxotremorine and TTX, it was altered in CabTRP1a in the presence of TTX. Both rhythms were primarily driven by the pacemaker kernel consisting of the Anterior Burster and Pyloric Dilator neurons. In contrast, in TTX the circuit remained silent in proctolin, TNRNFLRFamide, and CCAP. These experiments show that graded synaptic transmission in the absence of voltage-gated Na+current is sufficient to sustain rhythmic motor activity in some, but not other, modulatory conditions, even when each modulator activates the same ionic current. This further demonstrates that similar rhythmic motor patterns can be produced by qualitatively different mechanisms, one that depends on the activity of voltage-gated Na+channels, and one that can persist in their absence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe pyloric rhythm of the crab stomatogastric ganglion depends both on spike-mediated and graded synaptic transmission. We activate the pyloric rhythm with a wide variety of different neuromodulators, all of which converge on the same voltage-dependent inward current. Interestingly, when action potentials and spike-mediated transmission are blocked using TTX, we find that the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine and the neuropeptide CabTRP1a sustain rhythmic alternations and appropriate phases of activity in the absence of action potentials. In contrast, TTX blocks rhythmic activity in the presence of other modulators. This demonstrates fundamental differences in the burst-generation mechanisms in different modulators that would not be suspected on the basis of their cellular actions at the level of the targeted current.
Kejadian Demam Tifoid di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pagiyanten
Authors: Ulfa Farissa , Handayani Oktia Woro Kasmini 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRAK
Kasus demam tifoid di Kabupaten Tegal pada tahun 2016 yaitu sebanyak 11.387 kasus dan Puskesmas Pagiyanten merupakan puskesmas dengan jumlah kasus demam tifoid tertinggi yaitu sebanyak 377 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian demam tifoid di Puskesmas Pagiyanten Kabupaten Tegal. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi case control dengan sampel sebesar 43 kasus dan 43 kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil yang didapatkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian demam tifoid meliputi kebiasaan makan di luar rumah (p-value=0,001), kebiasaan mencuci tangan sebelum makan (p-value=0,02), kebiasaan mencuci tangan setelah BAB (p-value=0,04), kebiasaan mencuci bahan makanan mentah (p-value=0,007), dan jamban sehat (p-value=0,04). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan makan di luar rumah, kebiasaan mencuci tangan sebelum makan, kebiasaan mencuci tangan setelah BAB. kebiasaan mencuci bahan makanan mentah, dan jamban sehat dengan kejadian demam tifoid di Puskesmas Pagiyanten Kabupaten Tegal.

Kata Kunci: Faktor Risiko, Demam Tifoid

ABSTRACT
Typhoid fever in Tegal regency in 2016 were 11,387 cases, and Puskesmas Pagiyanten with the highest number of cases of typhoid fever of 377 cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of typhoid fever in Puskesmas Pagiyanten Tegal regency. The research used case control study with 43 cases and 43 controls. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using chi-square test. The results of factors related to the occurrence of typhoid fever include eating habits outside the home (p-value=0.001), hand washing before eating habits (p-value=0.02), hand washing habit after defecate (p-value=0.04), the habit of washing raw food (p-value=0,007), and healthy latrines (p-value=0,04). The conclusion of this research is there is a relationship between eating habits outside the home, the habit of washing hands before eating, habit of washing hands after defecate, the habit of washing raw food, and healthy latrines with the incidence of typhoid fever in Puskesmas Pagiyanten Kabupaten Tegal.
Keywords: Risk Factors, Typhoid Fever
Veiklos auditas kaip ekspertizė tyčinio bankroto bylose
Authors: Tumaitytė Asta , Daujotaitė Dalia 
Published: September 2018

[only abstract in English; full article and abstract in Lithuanian]
The article focuses on the performance audit as forensic examination in intentional bankruptcy problems experienced by the Lithuania. One of possible areas of performance audit expansion is a forensic examination, which is backed by various similarities – qualification requirements, the type of work being done by the expert/auditor, as well as it also taps into the essence of performance audit: to assure the effectiveness (which in this type of application is expressed via efficient litigation process).
Since performance audit does not have the time proven place in civil proceedings, this article strives to bring attention of scientists and practitioners to the possibilities of application of performance audit as a forensic examination in the process of intentional bankruptcy. Cases of intentional bankruptcy are specific by its origins due to the circumstances of occurrence of bankruptcy itself: because it is intentional, financial statements of legal entity might not be indicating mala fide, therefore, financial audit might not be capable of detecting the inappropriate actions of management. Performance audit might become a key to solving this deficiency.
This article utilises analysis of scientific literature as well as available (current and historical) court practice in Lithuania, seeking to provide an insight into – not only theoretical, but also practical –advantages that can be gained from performance audit examination in intentional bankruptcy cases.
By interpreting, the law and analysing the content of the court decisions, the conclusion is being made that with the condition of proper qualification assurance performance audit examination might speed up the proceedings of the intentional bankruptcy and provides qualified factual evaluation for the court, hence making litigation process more efficient. It could also save time and expenses for both – court system (hence – the State) and involved parties. It would also help increase public trust and reliability of judicial system and its capability to effectively restore the clarity of economic relations between parties involved.
Pareiškėjų atsisakymas bendradarbiauti su valstybės institucijomis nuosavybės teisių atkūrimo procese: EŽTT praktika
Authors: Bruskina Nika 
Published: September 2018

[full article, abstract in Lithuanian; only abstract in English]
The Article discusses the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights related to the applicants’ failure to cooperate with the State authorities in the process of restoration of property rights. In particular, the Article analyzes the role of the applicants’ failure to cooperate with the State authorities justifying the acts or inaction of the State authorities in the process of restoration of property rights under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and Protocol No. 1 thereto.
Seeking to establish whether the applicants’ wish to restore their property rights in a way that is not recognized under the domestic law is protected under the ECHR/Article No. 1 thereto, the Article begins with the analysis of margin of appreciation recognized to the contracting states under the ECHR in the field of restoration of property rights to the property taken from persons in the past (establishing the forms of restoration of property rights in the domestic law). Next, it is noted that the case-law of the ECtHR upholds the right of the State authorities to restore the property rights in a concrete way as established under the domestic law (by paying monetary compensation), when the persons within the time-limits provided for by the domestic law did not express their wish regarding the form in which the property rights could be restored or they expressed their wish regarding the form of restoration of the property rights, however, such a form is not established in the domestic law or it is impossible to restore the property rights in a form as indicated by the persons. The paper presents some conclusions concerning the justification of the length of the process of restoration of property rights under the ECHR/Protocol No. 1 thereto if the applicants themselves contributed to that length by their acts or inaction (e.g., when the applicant had the obligation to act in a concrete way under the domestic law and the State authorities could not finalize the process of restoration of property rights due to the lack of cooperation on the part of the applicant).
Komunikasi Spiritual Syekh Muhammad Abdul Gaos Saefulloh melalui Gerakan Dakwah Tarekat
Authors: Usman Maman 
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study analyzes the Spiritual Communication of Abah Aos in da'wah movement in Tarekat Qodiriyah Naqsabandiyah Suryalaya (TQNS). This research is based on Max Weber's action theory. The method used is phenomenological method of qualitative approach. Based on the results of the research, it can be seen that, Abah Aos spiritual communication is based on da'wah movement, da'wah attitude, da'wah tradition and belief da'wah TQNS which comes from Amaliyah Mursyid book and certain deeds. Abah Aos spiritual communication can not be separated from the development of preaching TQNS Abah Sepuh, Abah Anom, and Abah Aos. This study enriches the study of spiritual communication with the da'wah approach of Tarekat. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisa Komunikasi Spiritual Abah Aos dalam gerakan dakwah di Tarekat Qodiriyah Naqsabandiyah Suryalaya (TQNS). Penelitian ini berpijak pada teori tindakan Max Weber. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode fenomenologi pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa, komunikasi spiritual Abah Aos didasarkan pada gerakan dakwah, sikap dakwah, tradisi dakwah dan keyakinan dakwah TQNS yang bersumber dari buku Amaliyah Mursyid dan amalan-amalan tertentu. Komunikasi spiritual Abah Aos tidak bias dilepaskan dari perkembangan dakwah TQNS masa Abah Sepuh, Abah Anom, dan Abah Aos. Penelitian ini memperkaya kajian komunikasi spiritual dengan pendekatan dakwah Tarekat.