bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In 2040, Will There Be Jobs for Petroleum Engineers?
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: March 2019

BP’s detailed Energy Outlook 2019 can be reduced to a single question: Is petroleum engineering a good, long-term career choice for a college student?
The short answer from BP CEO Bob Dudley is yes. “I am not worried about young people coming into the industry,” he said.
The evidence for that was in the company’s latest annual outlook, which examined several possible scenarios of the energy future, all of which will require finding and producing a lot more oil.
The scenarios predict needed oil production ranging from 80–130 million B/D in 2040, depending on how energy demand grows, said Spencer Dale, group chief economist for BP (Fig. 1). While he said he does not know which scenario, if any, will prove accurate, all require trillions of dollars of exploration and production (E&P) spending to deliver that much oil.
Engineers will be busy meeting the growing demand from developing countries, particularly in Asia, where rising standards of living will drive more consumption. It is a trend often missed by those in Europe and the US, where energy demand is expected to continue to be flat, he said.
In countries with fast-growing energy needs, the allure of energy engineering jobs also tends to be higher. “Around the world it (an E&P company) is one of the most popular places to go to work. But not where we live,” Dudley said, referring to the United Kingdom, where the briefing on the new outlook was held.
Oil production will remain high, but could peak in 2030, and gas demand will rise over the next 20 years, according to the outlook. Renewable sources of energy will grow at a far faster rate, but wind and solar alone will not be able to meet demand from countries such as India and China where billions of people are moving from poverty into the middle class and spending money on appliances, cars, and air conditioners, among many other things.
“The growing middle class in the developing world, especially in Asia, is the major factor accounting for global economic growth over the next 20 years,” and that will make it a key driver of energy growth, Dale said.
Conflicting Priorities
The US and European view on the future of energy is a zero-sum game. Those concerned about carbon emissions causing climate change call for replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. In a country with flat demand, new capacity must replace old facilities.
The equation is more complicated in the growing economies of Asia and Africa. There, energy demand is growing so rapidly that more of all types of energy will be needed. That is good news for many petroleum engineers who are delivering a rising stream of oil and gas for export.
Dudley said the message he heard at a recent conference in Africa was “we need cooking fuel and reliable electricity.” With so many young workers entering the job market, they need “heavy energy to create manufacturing that puts people to work,” he said.
E&P Leaders Gather for Arctic Technology Conference
Authors: Pai Sudhir 
Published: March 2019

More than 250 industry leaders involved in Arctic E&P gathered for the 2018 Arctic Technology Conference recently in Houston. Supported by the Offshore Technology Conference’s network of scientific and professional societies, the conference provided a platform for collaboration among colleagues, vendors, and academia to reveal innovations, solutions, ideas, and emerging technologies for both onshore and offshore activities in the Arctic basins.
The conference presented a highly specialized program that included more than 70 technical presentations, six panel discussions, and four topical breakfasts and luncheons.
The Distinguished Achievement Award ceremony recognized the major technological, humanitarian, environmental, and leadership contributions of an individual and an organization. Due to his contributions and accomplishments in the industry, Kenneth Bird was awarded the Distinguished Achievement Award for Individuals. As a petroleum geologist, Bird led assessment teams to produce a series of scientifically sound, methodologically rigorous, and policy-neutral products widely accepted in Alaska and the global Arctic regions. Since the 1980s, Bird has been at the forefront of resource-assessment projects that have been executed by the US Geological Survey. The National Research Council (NRC) of Canada was presented the Distinguished Achievement Award for their involvement in the development of Arctic tools and technologies. For more than 60 years, NRC Canada has provided regulatory, operational, and engineering design support to clients.
There is a Future in the Arctic
The current economic and business environment is challenging to conduct safe and environmentally friendly hydrocarbon exploration and development in the Arctic. However, the Arctic continues to be a region of close observation to use relevant technology, respecting local requirements, and be ready for a time when we see a step up and acceleration of activity.
In spite of a reduction of E&P activity in the Arctic, this conference continues to attract interest for several reasons:
It is by far the premier event focused on the Arctic, not just E&P but also mining, shipping, logistics, environment, and, most importantly, the local people and communities.
It is a platform for the passionate community to meet, network, and present quality technical papers. The 2018 event attracted 103 abstracts, which translated to 70 presentations split into 12 technical sessions. Six panel discussions, and four topical breakfasts and luncheons focused on current themes with specific regional focus from the Chukchi (US), through Beaufort, (Canada), through Barents (Finland and Norway) seas.
Exhibiting companies showcased their latest products and innovations to specialized decision makers focused on finding unique solutions for successful operations in this area.
This was the sixth OTC Arctic Technology Conference to be held. For more information, visit www.otcnet.org/arctic.
Technology Focus: History Matching and Forecasting (April 2019)
Authors: Emerick Alexandre 
Published: March 2019

Technology Focus
Machine-learning methods have gained tremendous attention in the last decade. These methods are tackling and solving complex problems with impressive results in many different areas. Buzzwords such as “big data” and “deep learning” are now part of our everyday vocabulary. The underlying idea behind machine learning is that computers can identify patterns and learn from data with minimal human intervention. This is not very different from the notion of automatic history matching. Actually, the similarities are more profound: Both machine learning and history-matching methods use the same mathematical tools, such as linear algebra, optimization, Bayesian inference, and Monte Carlo sampling. In fact, I believe that machine learning is a natural research direction to improve our current history-matching methods.
At this point, some readers must be thinking about the risks of automated processes. They may very well claim that there are no surrogates for experience, a thorough understanding of the reservoir production mechanisms, and attention to the practical aspects and limitations of the models. After all, if machines can learn, humans can think. I am not trying to say otherwise. My only point is that we cannot ignore the recent developments in machine learning and we must not turn a blind eye to what computer-aided strategies can offer. If used responsibly, they can help us achieve better results in less time.
To conclude, I would like to point out that machine-learning methods may also find very interesting applications in data-driven production forecasts. In fact, data-driven methods are not new in the petroleum literature; see, for example, decline-curve analysis. These methods are used currently as complements (and often alternatives) to model-driven approaches. Machine-learning methods have much to offer in this regard, especially in cases with an abundance of data.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 191473 An Automatic History-Matching Work Flow for Unconventional Coupling MCMC and Nonintrusive EDFM Methods by Wei Yu, The University of Texas at Austin, et al.
SPE 191516 Robust Uncertainty Quantification Through Integration of Distributed Gauss-Newton Optimization With Gaussian Mixture Modeling and Parallelized Sampling Algorithms by Guohua Gao, Shell, et al.
SPE 191655 An Efficient Probabilistic Assisted History-Matching Tool Using Gaussian Process Proxy Models: Application to Coalbed Methane Reservoir by Sachin Rana, The Pennsylvania State University, et al.
ESPECULAÇÕES SOBRE A AUTOPOIESE DA NARRATIVA LITERÁRIA
Authors: Preger Guilherme 
Published: March 2019

O trabalho propõe uma reflexão especulativa sobre a narrativa literária como subsistema autopoiético social, como extensão do conceito teórico de Niklas Luhmann de autopoiese (autopoiesis), aplicado nas ciências sociais. Nossa hipótese especula como a narrativa literária pode ser descrita como uma forma de comunicação social e de “observação de segunda ordem” (observação da observação). No entanto, a narrativa literária se distingue da narrativa social como uma “auto-observação” narrativa ou narrativa da narrativa. O que interessa à narrativa literária não é a descrição de fatos, ações ou personagens, mas as relações de níveis narrativos no momento de sua autorreprodução. Com isso, será proposto um cruzamento entre a Teoria dos Sistemas Sociais de Luhmann com a Teoria da Narratologia, em particular como apresentada na obra de Gerard Genette. Assim, a diferença entre o nível narrativo (diegesis) e o nível de focalização da história corresponde à diferença entre observação de segunda e de primeira ordens. Será visto que a resolução dos paradoxos surgidos na circularidade da auto-observação do sistema literário é realizada pela formação de “cronotopos”, conceito da obra de Mikhail Bakhtin, isto é, como uma extensão no tempo e no espaço do domínio do imaginário.
Analisis Bandgap Karbon Nanodots (C-Dots) Kulit Bawang Merah Menggunakan Teknik Microwave
Authors: Triwardiati Diana , Ermawati Imas Ratna 
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisis dan bandgap dari hasil sintesis karbon nanodots (c-dots) kulit bawang merah menggunakan teknik microwave yang kemudian diuji menggunakan alat spektrometer uv-vis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisika-IPB Babakan Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Sintesis c-dots dilakukan dengan mengekstrasi kulit bawang merah dan aquades dengan blender, kemudian dimasukan dalam microwave dengan variasi waktu pemanasan selama 5 menit, 10 menit, 15 menit, dan 20 menit. Setelah itu, dilakukan penyaringan agar mendapatkan c-dots yang homogen. Selanjutnya pengujian bandgap dilakukan dengan alat spektrometer uv-vis dengan rentang panjang gelombang 190-800 nm. Hasil yang diperoleh dari alat spektrometer uv-vis berupa grafik yang menggambarkan hubungan antara nilai absorbansi dan panjang gelombang. Dari percobaan yang telah dilakukan selama 5 kali pengulangan dan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan diperoleh nilai rata-rata bandgap secara berturut-turut sebesar 3,5826 eV, 2,6888 eV, 2,4222 eV, dan 1,11378 eV. Lamanya waktu pemanasan dalam microwave berpengaruh terhadap nilai absorbansi. Dimana nilai absorbansi rata-ratanya adalah 0,76806, 1,21406, 1,3186, 1,74068. Hal Ini menunjukan bahwa semakin besar nilai absorbansi, maka bandgap yang dihasilkannya semakin kecil. Rendahnya bandgap karena energi yang diperlukan untuk eksitasi elektron dari pita valensi ke pita konduksi semakin rendah pula.
Sistem Informasi Bimbingan Konseling Berbasis Knowledge Management
Authors: Novita Agnes , Faried Isnin , Atmodjo WP Dwi 
Published: March 2019

Bimbingan dan Konseling (BK) adalah proses interaksi antara konselor dengan konseli baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung guna membantu konseli agar dapat mengembangkan potensi dirinya atau memecahkan permasalahan yang sedang dihadapi. Proses ini terjadi sangat intesif dan selalu berkembang sesuai dengan keadaan dan kebutuhan konseli. Banyaknya kasus dan jumlah penanganan dirasakan perlu adanya media untuk menyimpan hasil konseling agar dapat digunakan kembali sebagai rujukan konselor dalam menangani kasus yang sama atau memiliki kemiripan. Media yang diperlukan bukan sekedar menyimpan namun dapat digunakan untuk mengambil kembali secara cepat sekaligus mencatatsebagaisebuah basis pengetahuan (Knowledge Base). Berdasarkan kebutuhan tersebut perlu dibuatkan sistem yang dapat menyimpan dan mengambil hasil konseling dengan pendekatan Knowledge Management (KM). Kegiatan BK yang diawali dengan diskusi, memberikan saran atau solusi kepada konseli, merencanakan pemecahan masalah sampai dengan implementasi pemecahan masalah memiliki karakteristik KM dan dikenalsebagai proses SECI (Sosialisation, Externalisation, Combination, Internalization) (Nonaka –Tekeuchi, 1995). Proses inilah yang perlu disimpan dalam bentuk Explicit Knowledge agar dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai rujukan pengetahuan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pengembangkan sistem informasi Bimbingan dan Konseling yang mengimplementasikan pendekatan Knowledge Management System yang menyelesaikan kebutuhan penyimpanan dan penyajian kembali hasil konseling.
Studi Algoritma Linear Support Vector Machine pada Deteksi Ujaran Kebencian Berbahasa Indonesia
Authors: Ramdhani Alfi 
Published: March 2019

Ekspresi ujaran kebencian merupakan suata fenomena yang berkembangan di dunia masyarakat era modern ini, banyak dari pengguna media sosial memanfaatkannya untuk mengekspresikan perasaan mereka maupun kehidupannya. Namun dari fenomena ini semua berdampak kepada lingkungan masyarakat yang terkesan sangat bebas mengekspresikan ujaran kebencian dan berujung kepada tindakan kejahatan, entah darimana asal-usul penyebab terjadinya, bisa jadi karena pengaruh provokasi atau hal-hal lainnya yang persuasif. Maka dari itu tujuan penelitian melakukan studi terhadap algoritma Linear Support Vector Machine dalam melakukan deteksi ujaran kebencian berbahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah algoritma Linear Support Vector Machine dengan feature Word N Gram. Dari hasil percobaan, diperoleh hasil evaluasi akurasi sebesar 86.55 % dengan metode 10-fold cross validation
Pengaruh Penggunaan Iradiasi Gamma Terhadap Plastik Polipropilen di Tinjau dari Sifat Mekaniknya
Authors: Damayanti Defi , Ermawati Imas Ratna 
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan iradiasi gamma terhadap plastik polipropilen ditinjau dari sifat mekaniknya. Plastik polipropilen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mangkok dan pot. Mangkok dan pot tersebut diberikan radiasi berupa sinar gamma. Radiasi gamma atau sinar gamma adalah sebuah bentuk berenergi dari radiasi elektromagnetik yang , diproduksi oleh radioaktivitas atau proses nuklir atau subatomik lainnya seperti penghancuran elektron-positron. Dosis yang diberikan bervariasi pada tiap sempelnya yaitu 5 kGy, 10 kGy dan 15 kGy.
Penelitia ini dilaksanakan di PAIR – BATAN Pasar Jumat. Peneliti melaksanakan penelitian di tempat tersebut karena ingin mengetahui pengaruh radiasi terhadap plastik polipropilen dan penelitian juga dilaksanakan di Fakults Teknik Mesin UHAMKA Pasar rebo. Peneliti melaksanakan penelitian di tempat tersebut karena ini mengetahui uji mekanik pada plasik polipropilen yang sudah di radiasi.
Hasil penelitian, untuk mangkok dengan dosis 5 kGy memiliki kekuatan luluh sebesar 0.000, kekuatan tarik yang didapatkan sebesar 0.580 dan 1.332 dan elongation sebesar 5.747 dan 7.056. Mangkok dengan dosis 10 kGy memiliki kekuatan luluh sebesar 0.000, kekuatan tarik yang didapatkan sebesar 2.084 dan 1.633 dan elongation sebesar 4.993 dan 6.791. Mangkok dengan dosis 15 kGy memiliki kekuatan luluh sebesar 0.000, kekuatan tarik yang didapatkan sebesar 1.504 dan 1.569 dan elongation sebesar 3.323 dan 5.097. Pot dengan dosis 5 kGy memiliki kekuatan luluh sebesar 0.000, kekuatan tarik yang didapatkan sebesar 1.419 dan 0.647 dan elongation sebesar 32.610 dan 30.120. Pot dengan dosis 10 kGy memiliki kekuatan luluh sebesar 0.000, kekuatan tarik yang didapatkan sebesar 1.407 dan 1.618 dan elongation sebesar 16.013 dan 20.980. Pot dengan dosis 15 kGy memiliki kekuatan luluh sebesar 0.000, kekuatan tarik yang didapatkan sebesar 1.936 dan 0.828 dan elongation sebesar 13.610 dan 9.820, disimpulkan bahwa penggunan iradiasi gamma dapat mengurangi besarnya perpanjangan putus akibat putusnya rantai dan juga dapat menaikkan besarnya kekuatan tarik suatu bahan
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Reduction With SGLT-2 Inhibitors: Dose-Response Meta-analysis and Comparative Evaluation With Low-Dose Hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Agarwal Rajiv 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVE
Sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT)-2 inhibitors lower clinic and ambulatory blood pressure (BP), possibly through their natriuretic action. However, it remains unclear whether this BP-lowering effect is dose dependent and different from that of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the association of the dose with response of ambulatory BP to SGLT-2 inhibition and to provide comparative evaluation with low-dose hydrochlorothiazide.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane database of clinical trials from inception of each database through 22 August 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting treatment effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on ambulatory BP. We extracted data on the mean difference between the active treatment and placebo groups in change from baseline (CFB) of ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP.

RESULTS
We identified seven RCTs (involving 2,381 participants) comparing SGLT-2 inhibitors with placebo. Of these, two RCTs included low-dose hydrochlorothiazide as active comparator. CFB in 24-h systolic BP between SGLT-2 inhibitor and placebo groups was −3.62 mmHg (95% CI −4.29, −2.94) and in diastolic BP was −1.70 mmHg (95% CI −2.13, −1.26). BP lowering with SGLT-2 inhibition was more potent during daytime than during nighttime. The CFB in ambulatory BP was comparable between low-dose and high-dose subgroups and was similar to that for low-dose hydrochlorothiazide. Eligible RCTs did not evaluate cardiovascular outcomes/mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis shows that SGLT-2 inhibitors provoke an average reduction of systolic/diastolic BP 3.62/1.70 mmHg in 24-h ambulatory BP. This BP-lowering effect remains unmodified regardless of the dose of SGLT-2 inhibitor and is comparable with BP-lowering efficacy of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide.
Facilitating Knowledge of Women on Importance of Iodine in Foetal Brain Development through Nursing Education: An Evidence-Based Educational Intervention
Authors: ABRAHAM BINDU KAIPPARETTU 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the evidence-based practice educational intervention was to a) assess the knowledge of women on the importance of iodine in fetal brain development b) find the effectiveness of planned teaching program on women. Iodine Deficiency Disorders can impact on people of all ages, but most severely on the baby while it is developing in the womb. During pregnancy, it can cause maternal and fetal hypothyroidism and impair neurological development of the fetus. This study showed that women did not have enough knowledge regarding the importance of iodine in fetal brain development. So there was lack of knowledge in some aspects regarding the importance of iodine in fetal brain development among women residing in the rural area The nurses have an influential role in imparting knowledge on the importance of iodine in fetal brain development. They can utilize their opportunities to spread awareness about the importance of iodine deficiency disorders leading to brain damage. Providing EBP educational intervention on this topic positively impacted on their knowledge. The findings underscore evidence-based nursing is one approach that may enable future healthcare providers to manage the explosion of new literature and technology and ultimately may result in improved patient outcomes. Hence it helps to implement in their caregiving as a nurse educator, midwife, and as public health nurse.
Indian Dermoscopic Study of Forty Six Cases of Lichen Planus Pigmentosus - New Dermoscopy Signs Discovered
Authors: Rajendra Kumar Sharma Rahul Kumar Sharma, 
Published: March 2019

Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) is a atypical pigmented variety of lichen planus. Lichen planus pigmentosus is an unpredictable relapsing idiopathic dermatosis with periods of activation and remission with poor response to treatment and may leads to cosmetically disfiguring post inflammatory pigmentation.
Aim - To study dermoscopic features of untreated cases of Lichen planus pigmentosus.
Study subjects - All the patients who attended the dermatology clinic from November 2015 to November 2017 with the clinical diagnosis of LPP and who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Methodology - All the patients who attended the dermatology clinic with the diagnosis of LPP were examined by a dermatoscope. Dermoscopy was performed with DL4 dermatoscope. The images were further magnified with smart phone.
Results - Our study showed various dermoscopic signs in cases of LPP like annular granular pattern (35 cases), annular globular pattern (5 cases), homogeneous brown pigmentation (12 cases), homogeneous brownish black pigmentation (8 cases), brownish ovoid nests (3 cases), bluish blackish fine dots (4 cases), Wickham’s striae(2 cases) and pigmented targetoid globules(3 cases).
Discussion - Dermatoscope is an indispensible valuable tool in clinical practice which helps in making early lucid diagnosis of LPP with very high accuracy. Our study showed that annular granular pattern is the commonest pattern in Indian LPP cases followed by homogeneous brown pigmentation. In our Indian LPP dermoscopy study we discovered three novel dermoscopic signs which includes brownish globular nests, pigmented targetoid globules and bluish blackish fine dots. In our study we got few unique cases where Wickham’s striae was also present with other dermoscopic signs which supports the link of LPP to lichen planus. Dermatoscopic diagnosis of LPP is made by combination of various signs and should not be dependent on the presence of single marker.