bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood pneumonia due to brucellosis
Authors: Xie Songsong , Zhou Yan , Zheng Rongjiong , Zuo Weize , Zhang Yan , Wang Yuanzhi , Zhang Yuexin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Childhood brucellosis is a significant community health problem. It may imitate other conditions and may be misdiagnosed. Pulmonary involvement is a rare complication of childhood brucellosis.

Patient concerns:
A 23-month-old child was referred to our hospital with a 3-week history of fevers and cough. He was initially diagnosed with pneumonia.

Diagnoses and Interventions:
Conventional antibiotic treatment was ineffectual. Total leukocyte count was 10,300/mm3, hemoglobin was 8.5 g/dL, and platelet count was 250,000/mm3. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and procaicltonin were 25 mm/h and 0.12 ng/mL, respectively. Chest radiography showed pneumonic infiltrate in both lungs.
The initial bacteriologic test results were negative. Ten days after admission, Brucella melitensis were isolated from the second blood culture. This child was cured with the 2-drug regimen (rifampin+trimethopicin-sulfamethoxazole) for 6 weeks.

Outcomes:
The child recovered well with no occurrence of complications. The child remained asmptomatic without any signs or symptoms at a follow-up of 1 year.

Lessons:
Non-specific findings of pulmonary brucellosis in children often make diagnosis difficult. The second blood culture is essential. In endemic areas, children with fevers and cough should be included in the diagnosis in cases of pulmonary brucellosis.
Evaluation of the treatment of halitosis with photodynamic therapy in older patients with complete denture
Authors: Vale Katia Llanos do , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Romero Sergio dos Santos , Deana Alessandro de Melo , Gonçalves Marcela Leticia Leal , Ferrari Raquel Agnelli Mesquita , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background:
Halitosis is the term used to define an unpleasant odor emanating from the mouth. However, no studies have evaluated the causes and treatment of halitosis in the population of older adults with denture.

Methods:
A randomized, controlled trial is proposed. The patients will be divided into 2 groups: G1: older adults who wear complete dentures and will be treated with tongue scraper (n = 20); G2 older adults who wear complete dentures and will be treated with PDT (n = 20). If the halitosis persists, the participants will be submitted to hygiene procedures for the mucosa and dentures. The evaluation of halitosis will be made before and after treatments, with OralChromaTM. If the halitosis is solved, the participants will return after 1 week for an additional evaluation. Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) will be administered by a calibrated examiner on the day the patient history is taken (baseline) and 1 week after treatment for halitosis.

Discussion:
This protocol will determine the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy regarding the reduction of halitosis in older adults with complete denture.

Trial registration:
This protocol was registered in ClinicalTrial.gov, under number NCT03960983. It was first posted and last updated in May 23, 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03960983.
Bioinformatics analysis of key biomarkers and pathways in KSHV infected endothelial cells
Authors: Gong Hai-Bo , Wu Xiu-Juan , Pu Xiong-Ming , Kang Xiao-Jing 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an endothelial tumor etiologically related to Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. The aim of our study was to screen out candidate genes of KSHV infected endothelial cells and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms by bioinformatics methods. Microarray datasets GSE16354 and GSE22522 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between endothelial cells and KSHV infected endothelial cells were identified. And then, functional enrichment analyses of gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed. After that, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) was used to investigate the potential protein–protein interaction (PPI) network between DEGs, Cytoscape software was used to visualize the interaction network of DEGs and to screen out the hub genes. A total of 113 DEGs and 11 hub genes were identified from the 2 datasets. GO enrichment analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were enrichen in regulation of cell proliferation, extracellular region part and sequence-specific DNA binding; KEGG pathway enrichments analysis displayed that DEGs were mostly enrichen in cell cycle, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, and Insulin signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study identified a host of DEGs and hub genes in KSHV infected endothelial cells which may serve as potential key biomarkers and therapeutic targets, helping us to have a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of KS.
Pseudotumor mimicking iliacus muscle abscess following a total hip arthoplasty with metal on metal articulation
Authors: Cho Myung Rae , Jun Chung Mu , Oh Tae Bum , Kwon Jae bum , Choi Won Kee 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Cases of pseudotumor complicated after THA with metal-on-metal articulation as a bearing surface have been reported. Most of the pseudotumors occurred near or inside the hip joint, and usually have similar features with the infectious condition. We herein report a case of pseudotumor with huge size in the pelvic cavity mimicking features of iliacus muscle abscess.

Patients concerns:
A 70-year-old female was referred to our emergency department due to huge mass in her right pelvic area on abdominal CT. She complained of mild febrile sensation, generalized weakness, and pain in her right leg for several months. The patient underwent metal-on-metal bearing THA 11 years ago for treatment of right-sided hip pain due to avascular necrosis.

Diagnosis:
Percutaneous catheter drainage was performed for both therapeutic and diagnostic reasons. No microbes were cultured from the drained fluid, and signs of chronic inflammation were shown on pathology slide samples. The patient showed positive allergic reactions to cobalt and captan on allergic patch test, and serum cobalt levels was increased as 46.78 μg/L (normal value, 0.11–0.64 μg/L). Biopsy samples of the cyst were consistent with the histological findings of pseudotumor reported by Willert et al.

Intervention:
For the treatment of infection, primarily, the patient was surgically treated by irrigation, debridement, and bone bead insertion. Then, after 4 weeks of antibiotic treatment, revision surgery changing the metal-on-metal articulation into poly-on-metal articulation was performed.

Outcomes:
CT scan at 1 year after surgery showed no findings of cyst inside the pelvic cavity. Although the patient complained of right sided hip pain (VAS score 2), she was able to perform activities of daily living.

Lessons:
In patients who underwent metal-on-metal THA, pseudotumor mimicked the feature of periprosthetic infection may occur not only inside the hip joint but also in the pelvic cavity.
Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 drugs treatment-related adverse events for patients with cancer
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Ming , Wang JianShu , Liu Zhao , Xue JinXu , Wang JianCheng , Jia JunHai 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background:
Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) drugs treatment-related adverse events (AEs) are not uniform based on current study for patients with cancer. The study aimed to provide a complete toxicity profile and toxicity spectrum for anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 drugs.

Methods:
All systematic reviews (SRs) with meta-analyses (MAs) relate to the anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 drugs and SRs will be searched in the database of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to February 2019. Eligible publications must have reported site, organ, or system level data on treatment-related AEs. The following will extract from each SRs: first author, year of publication, country of origin, number of origin study, number of patients enrolled, participant characteristics, duration of cancer diagnosis, cancer types, detailed description of treatment, and occurrence of AEs. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) and A Measurements Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) will be used to assess the reporting and methodological quality of SRs/MAs. The characteristics of the included SRs/MAs and their quality will descriptively summarized using systematically structured tables. A network meta-analysis (NMAs) approach versus a narrative synthesis will be used to examine data synthesis considered. Odds ratios and 95% credibility intervals will be used as summary statistics. Evidence mapping (EM) method will to present the evidence landscape related to anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 drugs treatment-related AEs for patients with cancer.

Discussion:
The results of the overview will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Ethics and dissemination:
Because this study is not a clinical study, and we will search and evaluate only existing sources of literature. So, ethical approval is not required.
Simulated directed-learning in life-education intervention on the meaning of life, positive beliefs, and well-being among nursing students
Authors: Tsai Fu-Ju , Hu Yih-Jin , Chen Cheng-Yu , Yeh Gwo-Liang , Tseng Chie-Chien , Chen Si-Chi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nursing educators have the responsibility to equip nursing students with knowledge about the meaning of life, positive beliefs, and well-being in order to enhance their physical, psychological, spiritual, and social health education and promotion. The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students’ simulated directed-learning in a life-education intervention on the meaning of life, positive beliefs, and well-being in regard to immediate and delayed effects in improving physical, psychological, spiritual, and social health education and promotion.
The method of this study was constituted a quasi-experimental design with experimental and control groups for pre-test, post-test, and post-post-test. Purposive sampling and non-random distribution were used in the study. Assigned to the experimental group, 54 participants were third-year nursing students enrolled in a health education course with simulated directed-learning in a life-education intervention. Assigned to the control group, 56 participants were third-year nursing students enrolled in a caring care course without simulated directed-learning in a life-education intervention. A 56-item questionnaire was utilized, and the content validity index (CVI) was 0.95, as determined by seven expert scholars. The reliability of the questionnaire (n = 45) on Cronbach's α were: meaning of life 0.96, positive beliefs 0.95, and well-being 0.96. The statistical package SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all of the data in the study. Frequencies, percentages, pre-test mean and SD, post-test mean and SD, post-post-test mean and SD, chi-squared test, t test, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) were employed for data analysis.
Nursing students in the experimental group compared with the control group exhibited significant differences in meaning of life on the pre-post-test (β = 16.40, P < .001) and pre-post post-test (β = 25.94, P < .001), positive beliefs on the pre-post-test (β = 5.64, P < .01) and pre-post post-test (β = 9.21, P < .001), and well-being on the pre-post-test (β = 14.33, P < .001) and pre-post post-test (β = 23.68, P < .001).
Nursing students in the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the simulated directed-learning with a life-education intervention on meaning of life, positive beliefs, and well-being in the immediate and delayed effects that enhanced their physical, psychological, spiritual, and social health education and promotion.
A “coughed up” tissue diagnosed as type A thymoma in an 80-year-old man
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Junqiu , Zhang Hongkai 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Thymoma is the most common primary tumor in the anterior mediastinum. All major subtypes of thymoma can be clinically aggressive. However, type A thymoma is usually benign and rarely invasive, let alone invasive to the trachea. There are no published reports of thymoma diagnosed in a “coughed up’ tissue”. Here, we report an 80-year-old man who coughed up a piece of tissue which was histopathologically diagnosed as type A thymoma.

Patient concerns:
An 80-year-old man who had a history of thymoma for 8 years was admitted in our hospital with his severe cough and dyspnea and his “coughed up” something. He felt much better after coughing up the piece of tissue. He saved the tissue and sent it to the pathology department.

Diagnoses:
The clinical diagnosis was lung cancer. But the final pathological diagnosis was type A thymoma.

Interventions:
The patient refused to get chemotherapy, or surgery, and only would like to get the traditional Chinese medicine.

Outcomes:
The patient is stable for 19 months after he coughed up some of the tumor tissue.

Lessons:
The type A thymoma could be slowly aggressive. If left untreated, it would also invade into the trachea. When treat a patient with history of even a benign tumor, we should always bear the rare possibility in mind to avoid misdiagnosis. For an elderly patient, a “wait and see” policy may be acceptable.
Efficacy of melanoma patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors
Authors: Li Jing , Shi Shu-Zhen , Wang Jian-Shu , Liu Zhao , Xue Jin-Xu , Wang Jian-Cheng , Jia Jun-Hai 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background:
Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes that produces pigments and can occur in the whole body. It is characterized by strong invasiveness, high metastasis rate and poor prognosis, and brings heavy burden to patients and society. In order to find the most effective and safe treatment measures, in this study, a network meta-analysis (NMA) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of advanced melanoma treated with PD-1 inhibitors will be conducted based on the existing systematic reviews (SRs) of PD-1 inhibitor in the treatment of advanced melanoma.

Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched on December 18, 2018 to obtain systematic reviews of PD-1 inhibitor in the treatment of advanced melanoma. Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR2) will be used to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be applied to evaluate the evidence quality of outcome measures, and the Cochrane's risk of bias tool will be utilized to appraise risks of bias of each embedded RCTs. And the outcomes are overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR). Hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to synthesize dichotomous outcomes, while the mean difference (MD) for the continuous variables. R3.5.1 will be used to create a network evidence map for direct and indirect comparative analysis.

Results:
This study will provide a comprehensive summary of the current evidences related to the efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitor in advanced melanoma.

Conclusion:
Our findings will be useful to assist clinicians make reasonable decisions to the treatment of advanced melanoma.

Ethics and Communication:
It is unnecessary for this NMA to acquire an ethical approval, because it is based on published researches.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42019120017
Feeding arteries and arteriovenous shunt for discrimination of soft tissue tumors
Authors: Wu Gang , Yang Hao , Li Xiaoming 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Time resolved magnetic resonance angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) allows for identification of tumor feeding arteries and arteriovenous shunt (AVS). We used TWIST to obtain number of feeding arteries (NFA) and detect AVS for 43 cases of pathology-confirmed soft tissue tumors. We compared normalized number of feeding arteries (nNFA) and AVS between malignant and benign tumors, and found nNFA was significantly greater in malignant tumors versus benign tumors (2.1 vs 1.3, P < .05). The incidence of AVS was significantly higher in malignant tumors versus benign tumors (87.5% vs 10.5%, P < .05). TWIST derived nNFA and AVS could be useful in the discrimination of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors.
Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteremia outbreaks among non-cystic fibrosis patients in the pediatric unit of the university hospital
Authors: Tüfekci Sinan , Şafak Birol , Kızılca Özgür , Nalbantoğlu Ayşin , Nalbantoğlu Burçin , Samancı Nedim , Kiraz Nuri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionBurkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) leads to severe nosocomial infections particularly in the patients who have intravascular catheters and cystic fibrosis. The present study aims at investigation of Bcc outbreaks in non-cystic fibrosis patients.Material and MethodsA total of 6 patients who were hospitalized at General Pediatrics Department were included in the study. Blood cultures which yielded positive signals were incubated at 5% blood sheep agar, chocolate agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar. All fields which could be the source of the infection at the clinic were examined. Isolates confirmation with Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) tests were performed.ResultsThe first patient aged 14.5 years was hospitalized due to left renal agenesis, urinary tract infection and renal failure. Bcc growing was detected in blood culture which was obtained due to high fever at the 3rd day of hospitalization. New patient hospitalizations were stopped due to Bcc growing in blood cultures which was obtained due to high fever in the remaining five patients. No growing was detected in samples obtained from the clinic and the patient rooms. PFGE patterns were similar in all clinical isolates of Bcc indicating that the outbreak had originated from the same origin.ConclusionsBcc infection should always be kept in mind in nosocomial outbreaks due to multi-drug resistance and the need for hospitalization at intensive care unit. Control measures should be taken for prevention of nosocomial infections and required investigations should be done for detection of the source of the infection.
Dose-Dependent Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Spike Timing in Awake Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Johnson Luke , Alekseichuk Ivan , Krieg Jordan , Doyle Alex , Yu Ying , Vitek Jerrold , Johnson Matthew , Opitz Alexander 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWeak extracellular electric fields can influence spike timing in neural networks. Approaches to impose such fields on the brain in a noninvasive manner have high potential for novel treatments of neurological and psychiatric disorders. One of these methods, transcranial alternating current stimulation (TACS), is hypothesized to affect spike timing and cause neural entrainment. However, the conditions under which these effects occur in-vivo are unknown. Here, we show that TACS modulates spike timing in awake nonhuman primates (NHPs) in a dose-dependent fashion. Recording single-unit activity from pre-and post-central gyrus regions in NHPs during TACS, we found that a larger population of neurons became entrained to the stimulation waveform for higher stimulation intensities. Performing a cluster analysis of changes in interspike intervals, we identified two main types of neural responses to TACS – increased burstiness and phase entrainment. Our results demonstrate the ability of TACS to affect spike-timing in the awake primate brain and identify fundamental neural mechanisms. Concurrent electric field recordings demonstrate that spike-timing changes occur with stimulation intensities readily achievable in humans. These results suggest that novel TACS protocols tailored to ongoing brain activity may be a potent tool to normalize spike-timing in maladaptive brain networks and neurological disease.
Increased expression of mitochondrial dysfunction stimulon genes affects chloroplast redox status and photosynthetic electron transfer in Arabidopsis
Authors: Shapiguzov Alexey , Nikkanen Lauri , Fitzpatrick Duncan , Vainonen Julia P. , Tiwari Arjun , Gossens Richard , Alseekh Saleh , Aarabi Fayezeh , Blokhina Olga , Panzarová Klará , Benedikty Zuzana , Tyystjärvi Esa , Fernie Alisdair R. , Trtílek Martin , Aro Eva-Mari , Rintamäki Eevi , Kangasjärvi Jaakko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMitochondrial retrograde signals control expression of nuclear mitochondrial dysfunction stimulon (MDS) genes. Although MDS gene products mostly affect mitochondrial functions, they also influence production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox status of chloroplasts. To study this inter-organellar interaction, we analysed the response of the Arabidopsis MDS-overexpressor mutantrcd1to methyl viologen (MV), which catalyses electron transfer from Photosystem I (PSI) to molecular oxygen, generating ROS in Mehler’s reaction. The response of plants to MV was investigated by imaging chlorophyll fluorescence in aerobic and hypoxic environments, and by membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Hypoxic treatment abolished the effect of MV on photosynthetic electron transfer inrcd1, but not in wild type. A similar reaction to hypoxia was observed in other MDS-activating lines and treatments. This suggests that MDS gene products contribute to oxygen depletion at the PSI electron-acceptor side. In unstressed growth conditions this MDS-related effect is likely masked by endogenous oxygen evolution and gas exchange with the atmosphere. Inrcd1, altered Mehler’s reaction coincided with more reduced state of the chloroplast NADPH-thioredoxin oxidoreductase C (NTRC) and its targets, suggesting that NTRC performs feedback control of photosynthesis. This regulation may represent a novel mechanism whereby mitochondrial retrograde signalling affects chloroplast functions.
Comparison of the full distribution of fitness effects of new amino acid mutations across great apes
Authors: Castellano David , Macià Moisès Coll , Tataru Paula , Bataillon Thomas , Munch Kasper 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe distribution of fitness effects (DFE) is central to many questions in evolutionary biology. However, little is known about the differences in DFEs between closely related species. We use more than 9,000 coding genes orthologous one-to-one across great apes, gibbons, and macaques to assess the stability of the DFE across great apes. We use the unfolded site frequency spectrum of polymorphic mutations (n = 8 haploid chromosomes per population) to estimate the DFE. We find that the shape of the deleterious DFE is strikingly similar across great apes. We confirm that effective population size (Ne) is a strong predictor of the strength of negative selection, consistent with the Nearly Neutral Theory. However, we also find that the strength of negative selection varies more than expected given the differences inNebetween species. Across species, mean fitness effects of new deleterious mutations co-varies withNe, consistent with positive epistasis among deleterious mutations. We find that the strength of negative selection for the smallest populations: bonobos and western chimpanzees, is higher than expected given theirNe. This may result from a more efficient purging of strongly deleterious recessive variants in these populations. Forward simulations confirm that these findings are not artifacts of the way we are inferringNeand DFE parameters. All findings are replicated using only GC-conservative mutations, thereby confirming that GC-biased gene conversion is not affecting our conclusions.