bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitiligo surgery: A journey from tissues via cells to the stems!
Authors: Razmi T Muhammed , Afra T. P. , Parsad Davinder 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDepigmented patches in vitiligo, a common dermatosis, cause a great psychological distress to the patients. Hence, apart from halting the disease process, the strategies to impart normal skin colour to these white patches carry an important role in the management of vitiligo. Surgical procedures are often required for stable vitiligo lesions not responding to medical therapies. It involves “shuffling” of melanocytes from the pigmented skin to the depigmented areas. During the last fifty years, the vitiligo surgery has evolved from tissue transplantation via cellular transplantation to reach a stage where the use of stem cells or immunomodulatory cells is contemplating. We would like to depict this wonderful journey of vitiligo surgery through this viewpoint.
Dopamine (DRD2) and Serotonin (HTR2A, 2C) Receptor Gene Polymorphisms do not influence early response to Risperidone in South Indian Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Alladi Charanraj Goud , RajKumar Ravi Philip , Adithan Surendiran , Marie‐Claire Cynthia , Bellivier Frank , Shewade Deepak Gopal 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTreatment response to antipsychotic drugs is variable and conflicting results have been obtained while studying the influence of DRD2 and HTR2 genetic variants on antipsychotic drug efficacy. To explore further, the present study aimed to assess the influence of DRD2 ‐141 C Ins/Del, Taq1A and HTR2A ‐1438 G/A, 102T/C and HTR2C ‐759 C/T genetic polymorphisms in response to risperidone in patients with schizophrenia. The study was conducted among the n = 320 South Indian patients with schizophrenia who received risperidone treatment (4–8 mg per day) for a minimum of four weeks. Genotyping was done by real‐time PCR. Antipsychotic response was assessed using CGI‐I score in cross‐sectional group, PANSS score in prospective group at baseline and after receiving the risperidone therapy. DRD2 ‐141 C Ins/Del (n = 310, Ins/Ins = 177, Ins/Del+ Del/Del = 133, OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.4–1.2 p 0.2), Taq1A (n = 320, AA = 35, AG = 132, GG = 153, p 0.2), HTR2A ‐1438 G/A (n = 320, AA = 39, AG = 164, GG = 117, p 0.2), HTR2A 102T/C (n = 320, CC = 115, CT = 165, TT = 40, p 0.1) HTR2C ‐759 C/T (females n = 132, CC = 65, CT+TT = 67, OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.6–2.8, p 0.5; males n = 186, C = 120, T = 66, OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.6–2.4, p 0.4) genetic polymorphisms did not show any association with antipsychotic response to risperidone. DRD2 ‐141 C Ins/Del, Taq1A, HTR2A ‐1438 G/A, 102T/C and HTR2C ‐759 C/T genetic variants are not associated with antipsychotic response to risperidone.
Perturbaciones de la demanda y ajustes del empleo: ¿La protección del empleo provoca rigidez?
Authors: SOFI Irfan Ahmad , KUNROO Mohd Hussain 
Published: October 2018

ResumenCon datos de panel de ámbito estatal del sector manufacturero de la India (2000–2012), y tomando la rotación laboral como indicador indirecto de los ajustes del empleo, los autores calculan el efecto de las perturbaciones de la demanda en dichos ajustes en los estados según la severidad de su legislación de protección del empleo (LPE). Concluyen que la LPE no dificulta los ajustes; ante perturbaciones negativas, el aumento de las tasas de separación del empleo es relativamente superior en los estados con mayor protección laboral, y la rotación laboral correlaciona negativamente con la LPE, un posible indicio de los efectos beneficiosos de la LPE para empresas y trabajadores.
Nurses’ use of conscientious objection and the implications for conscience
Authors: Lamb Christina , Evans Marilyn , Babenko‐Mould Yolanda , Wong Carol , Kirkwood Ken 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsTo explore the meaning of conscience for nurses in the context of conscientious objection (CO) in clinical practice.DesignInterpretive phenomenology was used to guide this study.Data sourcesData were collected from 2016 ‐ 2017 through one‐on‐one interviews from eight nurses in Ontario. Iterative analysis was conducted consistent with interpretive phenomenology and resulted in thematic findings.Review methodsIterative, phased analysis using line‐by‐line and sentence highlighting identified key words and phrases. Cumulative summaries of narratives thematic analysis revealed how nurses made meaning of conscience in the context of making a CO.ResultsConscience issues and CO are current, critical issues for nurses. For Canadian nurses this need has been recently heightened by the national legalization of euthanasia, known as Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada. Ethics education, awareness, and respect for nurses’ conscience are needed in Canada and across the profession to support nurses to address their issues of conscience in professional practice.ConclusionEthical meaning emerges for nurses in their lived experiences of encountering serious ethical issues that they need to professionally address, by way of conscience‐based COs.ImpactThis is the first study to explore what conscience means to nurses, as shared by nurses themselves and in the context of CO. Nurse participants expressed that support from leadership, regulatory bodies, and policy for nurses’ conscience rights are indicated to address nurses’ conscience issues in practice settings.
Combination of edible vegetable oil and artificial fruit to reduce Bactrocera dorsalis oviposition in chilli fruits
Authors: Hidayat Yusup , Ferera Rindy Friesca , Ramadhan Ahmad Faiq , Kurniawan Wawan , Yulia Endah , Rasiska Siska 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a major pest of a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of combining edible vegetable oil application and artificial fruit provision to reduce the oviposition of B. dorsalis in chilli fruits. Experiments were conducted in laboratory using a 20‐L plastic container provided with chilli fruits and in semi field using a fruit‐bearing chilli plant caged with insect screen. The laboratory test revealed that the combination of coconut oil application and artificial fruit provision significantly reduced fruit fly visits, eggs laid and the number of infested chilli fruits no matter when the chilli fruits were without prepuncture or with prepuncture. Further study using a caged chilli plant also found that this combination had significant effects on fruit fly visits and infestation in chilli fruits. These results provide an indication that coconut oil and artificial fruit can work together to reduce fruit fly attacks on chilli fruits. Combining the use of coconut oil and artificial fruit is likely to create an integrated behavioural manipulation (push and pull) of female B. dorsalis that lead to a much lower fruit fly infestation in chilli fruits.
Dietetics students’ experiences of dietetics workforce preparation and preparedness: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Morgan K. , Campbell K. L. , Reidlinger D. P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundDietetics students are a widely researched group. As emerging dietitians, they can provide valuable insights to inform how dietetics education programmes may be enhanced to meet contemporary healthcare needs. This review aimed to systematically synthesise dietetics students’ experiences of dietetics workforce preparation.MethodsMEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, Informit and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global were searched to identify research published until June 2017. Studies investigating dietetics students’ experiences of dietetics workforce preparation, and employing qualitative data collection and analysis methods were included. Data analysis was guided by thematic synthesis, where themes were constructed through an iterative and inductive process. Study quality was appraised using the RATS Qualitative Research Review Guidelines.ResultsFrom the 3301 records identified, five studies met the inclusion criteria and the views of 120 dietetics students from two countries over a 9‐year period were synthesised. The overarching theme of ‘navigating through the ups and downs’ was underpinned by four main themes: enduring hurdles; reconciling expectations; transforming self; and making and breaking connections. Quality appraisal results rated selection bias as being inadequate/inappropriate across all studies.ConclusionsDietetics students undertake a transformational journey through dietetics education. They are inspired by seeing what is possible through meaningful encounters with practitioners in diverse settings. However, they are challenged by competitive environments and perceived ideals that are embedded in the profession. Strategies that focus on exposing dietetics students to inspirational practitioners, increasing and celebrating diversity in academic/placement settings, and incentivising collaboration across dietetics education, could act as catalysts to enhance the experience of future dietetics students and the nutrition‐related health of those they will serve.
New insights into the mechanisms underlying recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Ewington Lauren J. , Tewary Shreeya , Brosens Jan J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as multiple consecutive miscarriages, is a devastating disorder for which there are no good treatment options. Two opposing paradigms have emerged to explain RPL. The prevailing clinical viewpoint is that RPL is caused by a spectrum of subclinical disorders, ranging from thrombophilia to anatomical, endocrine and immunological disorders, that somehow converge on a ‘fragile’ early pregnancy state, leading to miscarriage. A new paradigm, based on emerging concepts around early implantation events, challenges the conventional thinking around RPL. It purports that the high incidence of embryonic aneuploidies and mosaicism coupled with a cycling endometrium necessitates the introduction of multiple ‘quality control’ checkpoints in the first trimester of pregnancy to limit maternal investment in a failing pregnancy. Here we review the evidence underpinning both paradigms and examine how new thinking around RPL may lead to more effective preventative strategies.
Influence of sudden salinity variation on the physiology and domoic acid production by two strains of Pseudo‐nitzschia australis
Authors: Ayache Nour , Hervé Fabienne , Martin‐Jézéquel Véronique , Amzil Zouher , Caruana Amandine M. N. 
Published: October 2018

Several coastal countries including France have experienced serious and increasing problems related to Pseudo‐nitzschia toxic blooms. These toxic blooms occur in estuarine and coastal waters potentially subject to fluctuations in salinity. In this study, we document for the first time the viability, growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and toxin production of two strains of Pseudo‐nitzschia australis grown under conditions with sudden salinity changes. Following salinity variation, the two strains survived over a restricted salinity range of 30–35, with favorable physiological responses, as the growth, effective quantum yield and toxin content were high compared to the other conditions. In addition, high cellular quotas of domoic acid (DA) were observed at a salinity of 40 for the strain IFR‐PAU‐16.1 in comparison with the other strain IFR‐PAU‐16.2 where the cell DA content was directly released into the medium. On the other hand, the osmotic stress imposed at lower salinities, 20 and 10, resulted in cell lysis and a sudden DA leakage in the medium. Intra‐specific variability was observed in growth and toxin production, with the strain IFR‐PAU‐16.1 apparently able to withstand higher salinities than the strain IFR‐PAU‐16.2. On the whole, DA does not appear to act as an osmolyte in response to sudden salinity changes. Since most of the shellfish harvesting areas of bivalve molluscs in France are located in areas where the salinity generally varies between 30 and 35, Pseudo‐nitzschia australis blooms might potentially impact public health and commercial shellfish resources in these places.
Transcriptomic basis for reinforcement of elm antiherbivore defence mediated by insect egg deposition
Authors: Altmann Simone , Muino Jose M. , Lortzing Vivien , Brandt Ronny , Himmelbach Axel , Altschmied Lothar , Hilker Monika 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPlant responses to insect egg depositions are known to shape subsequent defensive responses to larvae hatching from the eggs. Elm (Ulmus minor) leaves, on which elm leaf beetles laid their eggs, mount a more efficient defence against larvae hatching from the eggs. However, the molecular mechanisms of this egg‐mediated, improved defence are insufficiently understood and have so far only been studied in annual plants. We analysed the dynamics of transcriptomic changes in larval feeding‐damaged elm leaves with and without prior egg deposition using de novo assembledRNA‐seq data. Compared to egg‐free leaves, egg deposition‐treated leaves showed earlier and/or faster transcriptional regulations, as well as slightly enhanced differential transcriptional regulation after the onset of larval feeding. These early responding transcripts were overrepresented in gene ontology terms associated with post‐translational protein modification, signalling and stress (defence) responses. We found evidence of transcriptional memory in initially egg deposition‐induced transcripts whose differential expression was reset prior to larval hatching, but was more rapidly induced again by subsequent larval feeding. This potential memory effect of prior egg deposition, as well as the earlier/faster and enhanced feeding‐induced differential regulation of transcripts in egg deposition‐treated leaves, may contribute to the egg‐mediated reinforcing effect on the elm's defence against larvae. Hence, our study shows that a plant's experience of a stress‐indicating environmental cue (here: insect eggs) can push the dynamics of the plant's transcriptomic response to subsequent stress (here: larval feeding). Such experience‐mediated acceleration of a stress‐induced plant response may result in improved stress resistance.
Physician resilience: a grounded theory study of obstetrics and gynaecology residents
Authors: Winkel Abigail F , Robinson Annie , Jones Aubrie‐Ann , Squires Allison P 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveEnhancing physician resilience has the promise of addressing the problem of burnout, which threatens both doctors and patients and increases in residents with each year of training. Programmes aimed at enhancing physician resilience are heterogeneous and use varied targets to measure efficacy, because there is a lack of clarity regarding this concept. A more robust understanding of how resilience is manifested could enhance efforts to create and measure it in physicians in training.MethodsA qualitative study used grounded theory methodology to analyse semi‐structured interviews with a purposive, intensity sample of obstetrics and gynaecology residents in an urban academic health centre. Longitudinal engagement through two sets of interviews 3‐6 months apart allowed for variations in season and context. Thematic saturation was achieved after enrollment of 18 residents representing all 4 years of postgraduate training. A three‐phase coding process used constant comparison, reflective memos and member checking to support the credibility of the analysis.ResultsA conceptual model for resilience as a socio‐ecological phenomenon emerged. Resilience was linked to professional identity and purpose served to root the individual and provide a base of support through adversity. Connections to others inside and outside medicine were essential to support developing resilience, as was finding meaning in experiences. The surrounding personal and professional environments had strong influences on the ability of individuals to develop personal resilience.ConclusionsPhysician resilience in this context emerged as a developmental phenomenon, influenced by individual response to adversity as well as surrounding culture. This suggests that both programmes teaching individual skills as well as systematic and cultural interventions could improve a physician's capacity to thrive.
Diagnostic work up to assess early response indicators in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in adult patients with haematologic malignancies
Authors: Heinz Werner J. , Vehreschild Jörg J. , Buchheidt Dieter 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn immunocompromised patients with acute leukaemia as well as in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, pulmonary lesions are commonly seen. Existing guidelines provide useful algorithms for diagnostic procedures and treatment options, but they do not give recommendations on how to evaluate early success or failure and if or when it is best to change therapy. Here, we review the diagnostic techniques currently used in association with clinical findings and propose an approach using a combination of computer tomography, clinical and all available biomarkers and inflammation parameters, especially those positive at baseline, to assess early response in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Computed tomography scans should be carried out at regular intervals during early and long‐term follow‐up. Imaging on day seven, or even earlier in clinically unstable patients, combined with an additional testing of biomarkers and inflammatory markers in between, is needed for a reliable assessment at day 14. If no improvement is seen after 2 weeks of therapy or the clinical condition is deteriorating, a change of antifungal therapy should be considered. Alleged breakthrough infections or treatment failure should undergo early diagnostic workup, including tissue biopsies when possible, to retrieve fungal cultures for resistance testing.
Predictors and outcomes of patients switching from maintenance haemodialysis to peritoneal dialysis in Australia and New Zealand: Strengthening the argument for ‘peritoneal dialysis first’ policy
Authors: Nguyen Anh N. L. , Prasad Kafle Mukunda , Sud Kamal , Lee Vincent W 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAims(1) To determine incidence and reasons for transfer from maintenance haemodialysis (HD) to peritoneal dialysis (PD); (2) To compare mortality of HD patients transferred to PD with those who initiated and remained on PD.MethodsA 1:2 matched cohort of ANZDATA included patients dialyzing over 3 months dividing into 2 groups. Group A (HD to PD) was compared to group B (initiated and remained on PD) and matched PD group (Group C). We compared mortality by total time on dialysis regardless of modality.ResultsOf 20 882 patients, there were 911 in group A. The transfer rate from HD to PD was 5%, 6.7% and 7.4% at 1,4 and 8 years, respectively. Median time before switching of patients in Group A was 5.9 (4.0–10.9) months. The commonest reported reason for transfer was patient preference (63.8%). Mortality was significantly worse in Group A if dialysis vintage was ≤6 months and from 12–24 months (P < 0.05), whereas there was no difference in mortality if dialysis vintage was 6–12 months or ≥ 24 months (P = 0.073 and P = 0.153, respectively). Overall, mortality of patients in group A was higher than that in group B after adjusting for age, race, chronic lung disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, haemoglobin and phosphate (hazard ratio = 1.335, 95% confidence interval = 1.172–1.520).ConclusionHaemodialysis patients transferred to PD had higher mortality than those initiated on PD, strengthening the case for PD first policy.
Evaluation of the scars’ vascularization using computer processing of the digital images
Authors: Teplyi Valerii , Grebchenko Kateryna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe application of new techniques of the scars’ correction requires the objective evaluation of their vascularization.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of digital program ImageJ in assessing neovascularization of pathologic scars.Material and methodsIn this cross‐sectional study, a total of 25 patients with pathologic scars were enrolled. Vessel selection in the first set of digital images of their scars was performed by computer processing started from thresholding with subsequent manual correction. In the second set of the same pictures, Vessel Analysis plugin was used. Comparison of both approaches was performed by three independent investigators. The time required for images processing was measured.ResultsThe average time that image processing and calculation have taken in the first group (753.3 ± 88.02 seconds) was statistically longer (P < 0.0001) than in the second one (358.1 ± 105.91 seconds). Independent investigators scored the precision of vessel selection in the first group as 80.4 ± 9.82, in the second group as 72.6 ± 10.53 (P < 0.0001). Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test demonstrated higher precision of vessel selection by method that involves manual correction (P < 0.001). The results of Vascular Density measurements were obviously overestimated in the second group. More expedient looks calculation of the Vascular Length Density: ratio of skeletonized vasculature area to total area. Skeletonization avoids overestimation of Vascular Density, but the density of the vessel mesh can be determined.ConclusionsComputer processing of the scars’ digital photographs using ImageJ software gives cheap, technically easy and not cumbersome way of superficial scars’ vascularization objectifying. Vessel selection with subsequent manual correction has advantage of higher precision.
Effectiveness and experiences of team-based learning in nurse education programs: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Sookhoo Dave , Thurston Chris 
Published: October 2018

Review objectives/questions:
The objective of this mixed methods systematic review is to develop an integrated synthesis of quantitative and qualitative research evidence on team-based learning (TBL) in undergraduate nurse education programs to inform active learning strategies among students.
More specifically, the objectives are:i) For the quantitative component, to identify the effectiveness of TBL on improving academic performance and team skills following participation in TBL activities.ii) For the qualitative component, to identify students’ experiences of engagement in TBL.
Effectiveness of sugammadex versus neostigmine on restoration of neuromuscular function in surgical patients with myasthenia gravis undergoing rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Yellott Elizabeth , Badeaux Jennifer , Martin Jennifer , Schiavo Julie H. 
Published: October 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to identify the effectiveness of sugammadex versus neostigmine on the reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in surgical patients with myasthenia gravis undergoing general anesthesia.