bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Durable targeting of B-lymphocytes in living mice
Authors: Cascalho M. , Huynh D. , Lefferts A. R. , Stein L. , Lanigan T. , Decker J. , Shea L. D. , Platt J. L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTransfer to and enduring expression of genes in B cells has proved a vexing challenge. We report here a novel method for the specific and durable targeting of B lymphocytes in living mice. The method involves generation of lentiviruses pseudotyped with an anti-CD19 antibody. CD19 targeting viruses injected in the spleen of living mice efficiently transduced B cells and plasma cells detected by flow cytometry analysis of GFP expression. Expression of the reporter gene could be detected in the intact animal by external imaging for more than a year and was enhanced by booster immunization. Our method thus enables the specific delivery, expression and localization by external imaging of exogenous genes to the B cells and plasma cells of living individuals.
The structural model of Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in complex with RNA for rational design of novel nucleotide inhibitors
Authors: Šebera Jakub , Dubankova Anna , Sychrovský Vladimír , Ruzek Daniel , Boura Evzen , Nencka Radim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractZika virus is a global health threat due to significantly elevated risk of fetus malformations in infected pregnant women. Currently, neither an effective therapy nor a prophylactic vaccination is available for clinical use, desperately necessitating novel therapeutics and approaches to obtain them. Here, we present a structural model of the Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (ZIKV RdRp) in complex with template and nascent RNAs, Mg2+ ions and accessing nucleoside triphosphate. The model allowed for docking studies aimed at effective pre-screening of potential inhibitors of ZIKV RdRp. Applicability of the structural model for docking studies was illustrated with the NITD008 artificial nucleotide that is known to effectively inhibit the function of the ZIKV RdRp. The ZIKV RdRp – RNA structural model is provided for all possible variations of the nascent RNA bases pairs to enhance its general utility in docking and modelling experiments. The developed model makes the rational design of novel nucleosides and nucleotide analogues feasible and thus provides a solid platform for the development of advanced antiviral therapy.
Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) as a Regulator of Wound Angiogenesis
Authors: Michalczyk Elizabeth R. , Chen Lin , Fine David , Zhao Yan , Mascarinas Emman , Grippo Paul J. , DiPietro Luisa A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough the inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing have been well described, much less is known about how healing resolves. During the resolution phase, pruning of the capillary bed and maturation of capillaries occurs and influences the final strength and fidelity of the wound. PEDF, an endogenous anti-angiogenic factor, is produced in wounds and may contribute to the removal of capillaries during wound resolution. This study utilized PEDF−/− mice to examine how PEDF influences wound angiogenesis, particularly capillary density and permeability. The absence of PEDF led to transient changes in dermal wound closure and collagen content, but caused substantial changes in wound angiogenesis. Compared to wild type (WT) mice, wounds from PEDF−/− mice exhibited a significant increase in capillaries during the proangiogenic phase of repair, and a delay in capillary pruning. Conversely, the addition of rPEDF caused a reduction in capillary density within skin wounds in WT mice. In vitro studies showed that PEDF inhibited migration and tube formation by dermal microvascular endothelial cells, and caused a decrease in the expression of VEGFR2, VCAM-1, and other surface receptors. The results demonstrate that loss of PEDF causes a distinctive wound healing phenotype that is characterized by increased angiogenesis and delayed resolution. The findings suggest that PEDF most likely acts through multiple mechanisms to regulate proper capillary refinement in wounds.
Structural characterization of semi-heusler/light metal composites prepared by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Kopeček Jaromír , Bartha Kristína , Mušálek Radek , Pala Zdeněk , Chráska Tomáš , Beran Přemysl , Ryukhtin Vasyl , Strunz Pavel , Nováková Jaroslava , Stráský Josef , Novák Pavel , Heczko Oleg , Landa Michal , Seiner Hanuš , Janeček Miloš 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA composite of powders of semi-Heusler ferromagnetic shape memory and pure titanium was successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering at the temperature of 950 °C. Sintering resulted in the formation of small precipitates and intermetallic phases at the heterogeneous interfaces. Various complementary experimental methods were used to fully characterize the microstructure. Imaging methods including transmission and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed a position and chemical composition of individual intermetallic phases and precipitates. The crystalline structure of the phases was examined by a joint refinement of X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns. It was found that Co38Ni33Al29 decomposes into the B2-(Co,Ni)Al matrix and A1-(Co,Ni,Al) particles during sintering, while Al, Co and Ni diffuse into Ti forming an eutectic two phase structure with C9-Ti2(Co,Ni) precipitates. Complicated interface intermetallic structure containing C9-Ti2(Co,Ni), B2-(Co,Ni)Ti and L21-(Co,Ni)(Al,Ti) was completely revealed. In addition, C9-Ti2(Co,Ni) and A1-(Co,Ni,Al) precipitates were investigated by an advanced method of small angle neutron scattering. This study proves that powder metallurgy followed by spark plasma sintering is an appropriate technique to prepare bulk composites from very dissimilar materials.
Beyond the blocking model to fit nanoparticle ZFC/FC magnetisation curves
Authors: Livesey K. L. , Ruta S. , Anderson N. R. , Baldomir D. , Chantrell R. W. , Serantes D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe consider the probability of a magnetic nanoparticle to flip its magnetisation near the blocking temperature, and use this to develop quasi-analytic expressions for the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetisation, which go beyond the usual critical energy barrier approach to the superparamagnetic transition. The particles in the assembly are assumed to have random alignment of easy axes, and to not interact. We consider all particles to be of the same size and then extend the theory to treat polydisperse systems of particles. In particular, we find that the mode blocking temperature is at a lower temperature than the peak in the zero-field-cooled magnetisation versus temperature curve, in agreement with experiment and previous rate-equation simulations, but in contrast to the assumption many researchers use to analyse experimental data. We show that the quasi-analytic expressions agree with Monte Carlo simulation results but have the advantage of being very quick to use to fit data. We also give an example of fitting experimental data and extracting the anisotropy energy density K.
Lung resident mesenchymal cells isolated from patients with the Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome display a deregulated epigenetic profile
Authors: Vella Serena , Conaldi Pier Giulio , Cova Emanuela , Meloni Federica , Liotta Rosa , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Martino Lavinia , Bertani Alessandro , Luca Angelo , Vitulo Patrizio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome is the major determinant of the graft function loss after lung transplantation, but its pathogenesis is still incompletely understood and currently available therapeutic strategies are poorly effective. A deeper understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms is crucial for the development of new strategies to prevent and treat this devastating complication. In this study, we focused on the mesenchymal stromal cells, recently recognized as BOS key effectors, and our primary aim was to identify their epigenetic determinants, such as histone modifications and non-coding RNA regulation, which could contribute to their differentiation in myofibroblasts. Interestingly, we identified a deregulated expression of histone deacetylases and methyltransferases, and a microRNA-epigenetic regulatory network, which could represent novel targets for anti-fibrotic therapy. We validated our results in vitro, in a cell model of fibrogenesis, confirming the epigenetic involvement in this process and paving the way for a new application for epigenetic drugs.
Warming neutralizes host-specific competitive advantages between a native and invasive herbivore
Authors: Lin Zheng-Hong , Wu Chung-Huey , Ho Chuan-Kai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough native-invasive species interactions have become a common mechanism shaping ecosystems, whether these interactions shift under warming remains unclear. To investigate how warming may affect native and invasive species separately and together (intraspecific and interspecific competition, respectively) and whether any warming impact is resource dependent, we examined the performance of two competing herbivores (nativePieris canidiaand invasiveP.rapae) on two common host plants under three temperature settings (control, 3 °C, and 6 °C warming using environmental chambers). The results revealed that warming benefited the development and growth of bothPierisunder intraspecific competition, but the benefits were host-plant dependent. Notably, the native or invasivePierisgained an advantage from interspecific competition (host-plant dependent), but warming neutralized the competitive advantages of eitherPierisspecies. These findings raise the possibility that warming-induced shifts in competitive status may become a crucial mechanism shaping ecosystems worldwide, because most ecosystems are challenged by species invasion and warming. Moreover, this study revealed a discrepancy in species thermal performance between intra- and interspecific competition. Therefore, to predict native-invasive species competition under warming, current thermal performance applications should use species performance curves derived from interspecific rather than intraspecific competition studies (although the latter is more readily available).
Higher visual responses in the temporal cortex of mice
Authors: Nishio Nana , Tsukano Hiroaki , Hishida Ryuichi , Abe Manabu , Nakai Junichi , Kawamura Meiko , Aiba Atsushi , Sakimura Kenji , Shibuki Katsuei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe visual cortex of mice is a useful model for investigating the mammalian visual system. In primates, higher visual areas are classified into two parts, the dorsal stream (“where” pathway) and ventral stream (“what” pathway). The ventral stream is known to include a part of the temporal cortex. In mice, however, some cortical areas adjacent to the primary visual area (V1) in the occipital cortex are thought to be comparable to the ventral stream in primates, although the whole picture of the mouse ventral stream has never been elucidated. We performed wide-field Ca2+ imaging in awake mice to investigate visual responses in the mouse temporal cortex, and found that the postrhinal cortex (POR), posterior to the auditory cortex (AC), and the ectorhinal and temporal association cortices (ECT), ventral to the AC, showed clear visual responses to moving visual objects. The retinotopic maps in the POR and ECT were not clearly observed, and the amplitudes of the visual responses in the POR and ECT were less sensitive to the size of the objects, compared to visual responses in the V1. In the ECT, objects of different sizes activated different subareas. These findings strongly suggest that the mouse ventral stream extends to the ECT ventral to the AC, and that it has characteristic response properties that are markedly different from the response properties in the V1.
Impact of the precursor chemistry and process conditions on the cell-to-cell variability in 1T-1R based HfO2 RRAM devices
Authors: Grossi Alessandro , Perez Eduardo , Zambelli Cristian , Olivo Piero , Miranda Enrique , Roelofs Robin , Woodruff Jacob , Raisanen Petri , Li Wei , Givens Michael , Costina Ioan , Schubert Markus Andreas , Wenger Christian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Resistive RAM (RRAM) technology is currently in a level of maturity that calls for its integration into CMOS compatible memory arrays. This CMOS integration requires a perfect understanding of the cells performance and reliability in relation to the deposition processes used for their manufacturing. In this paper, the impact of the precursor chemistries and process conditions on the performance of HfO2 based memristive cells is studied. An extensive characterization of HfO2 based 1T1R cells, a comparison of the cell-to-cell variability, and reliability study is performed. The cells’ behaviors during forming, set, and reset operations are monitored in order to relate their features to conductive filament properties and process-induced variability of the switching parameters. The modeling of the high resistance state (HRS) is performed by applying the Quantum-Point Contact model to assess the link between the deposition condition and the precursor chemistry with the resulting physical cells characteristics.
Association between Open-Angle Glaucoma and the Risks of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases in South Korea: A 10-year Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Moon Jong Youn , Kim Hyung Jun , Park Yoon Hyung , Park Tae Kwann , Park Eun-Cheol , Kim Chan Yun , Lee Si Hyung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the risks of Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the 10 years following diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) using a nationwide cohort. This propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study included 1,025,340 subjects from the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort database. The OAG group (n = 1,469) included patients who were initially diagnosed with OAG between 2004 and 2007, and the subjects in the comparison group were matched in a 1:5 ratio using propensity scores. Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the risks of developing AD or PD. The diagnosis of OAG was significantly associated with an increased incidence of AD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.403, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.180–1.669, p < 0.001), but not PD (HR = 0.995, 95% CI 0.620–1.595, p = 0.983) after adjusting for possible confounding factors. In subgroup analyses, participants with OAG aged ≥65 years were more likely to develop AD compared with those aged <65 years, and female OAG patients had a greater risk of developing AD than males. Patients diagnosed with OAG have a higher risk of developing AD, but not PD, and the risk differed according to age and sex.
Soy protein supplementation is not androgenic or estrogenic in college-aged men when combined with resistance exercise training
Authors: Haun Cody T. , Mobley C. Brooks , Vann Christopher G. , Romero Matthew A. , Roberson Paul A. , Mumford Petey W. , Kephart Wesley C. , Healy James C. , Patel Romil K. , Osburn Shelby C. , Beck Darren T. , Arnold Robert D. , Nie Ben , Lockwood Christopher M. , Roberts Michael D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt is currently unclear as to whether sex hormones are significantly affected by soy or whey protein consumption. Additionally, estrogenic signaling may be potentiated via soy protein supplementation due to the presence of phytoestrogenic isoflavones. Limited evidence suggests that whey protein supplementation may increase androgenic signalling. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC), whey protein concentrate (WPC), or placebo (PLA) supplementation on serum sex hormones, androgen signaling markers in muscle tissue, and estrogen signaling markers in subcutaneous (SQ) adipose tissue of previously untrained, college-aged men (n = 47, 20 ± 1 yrs) that resistance trained for 12 weeks. Fasting serum total testosterone increased pre- to post-training, but more so in subjects consuming WPC (p < 0.05), whereas serum 17β-estradiol remained unaltered. SQ estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) protein expression and hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA increased with training regardless of supplementation. Muscle androgen receptor (AR) mRNA increased while ornithine decarboxylase mRNA (a gene target indicative of androgen signaling) decreased with training regardless of supplementation (p < 0.05). No significant interactions of supplement and time were observed for adipose tissue ERα/β protein levels, muscle tissue AR protein levels, or mRNAs in either tissue indicative of altered estrogenic or androgenic activity. Interestingly, WPC had the largest effect on increasing type II muscle fiber cross sectional area values (Cohen’s d = 1.30), whereas SPC had the largest effect on increasing this metric in type I fibers (Cohen’s d = 0.84). These data suggest that, while isoflavones were detected in SPC, chronic WPC or SPC supplementation did not appreciably affect biomarkers related to muscle androgenic signaling or SQ estrogenic signaling. The noted fiber type-specific responses to WPC and SPC supplementation warrant future research.
In situ control of graphene ripples and strain in the electron microscope
Authors: Ludacka U. , Monazam M. R. A. , Rentenberger C. , Friedrich M. , Stefanelli U. , Meyer J. C. , Kotakoski J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate control over the three-dimensional (3D) structure of suspended 2D materials in a transmission electron microscope. The shape of our graphene samples is measured from the diffraction patterns recorded at different sample tilts while applying tensile strain on the sample carrier. The changes in the shape of the pattern and in individual diffraction spots allow us to analyze both corrugations and strain in the lattice. Due to the significant effect of ripples and strain on the properties of 2D materials, our results may lead to new ways for their engineering for applications.
Rheumatoide Arthritis
Authors: Schmid HP Eva C. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDie rheumatoide Arthritis (chronische Polyarthritis) ist die häufigste chronisch entzündliche Erkrankung der Gelenke. Etwa 800 000 Menschen sind in Deutschland davon betroffen. Frauen erkranken wesentlich häufiger und meist früher daran als Männer.
Humoralpathologie: Grundlage für Prävention und Therapie
Authors: Eisenmann-Tappe Iris 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDie Klöster Europas sammelten und bewahrten Wissen von der Antike bis ins Mittelalter und prägten so entscheidend das Verständnis von Gesundheit, Prävention und Therapie. Die antike Säfte- und Temperamentenlehre ging ebenso in die mittelalterliche Medizin ein wie das Gegensatz- und Ähnlichkeitsprinzip, jeweils mit den Säulen Prävention und Pflanzenheilkunde. Hippokrates, Galen und Anthimus zählten zu den Wegbereitern der europäischen Heilkunde, wichtige Impulse gaben auch die arabischen Ärzte Avicenna und Ibn Butlan.
Die Plage der Melancholiker
Authors: Eisenmann-Tappe Iris 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDas Reizdarmsyndrom betrifft fast jeden Fünften, insbesondere den Typus des Melancholikers, und zeigt sich mit Durchfall, Verstopfung, Blähungen und Bauchschmerzen. Eine veränderte Darmsteuerung und -wahrnehmung sowie Störungen des Mikrobioms sind häufig beteiligt, wobei Nahrungsmittelintoleranzen und andere Magen-Darm-Erkrankungen auszuschließen sind. Gerb- und Quellstoffdrogen wie Eichenrinde oder Flohsamen können gemeinsam mit anderen traditionellen Maßnahmen besonders beim Durchfalltyp deutliche Verbesserungen bringen
Tradition trifft aktuelles Wissen – Heilmittel für die Haut
Authors: Johannes Gottfried Mayer , Heike Will 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn der Antike und im Mittelalter betrachtete man die Haut als Ausscheidungsorgan. Heute weiß man auch um ihre Barrierefunktion. Die Wirkung von bewährten Rezepturen und Anwendungen der Klostermedizin lässt sich auch auf Basis der pflanzlichen Inhaltsstoffe belegen. Bei häufigen Erkrankungen wie dem atopischen Ekzem oder Psoriasis können Heilpflanzen wie Kamille und Beinwell Linderung schaffen.
Common Indications and The Diagnostic Yield of Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Children with Gastrointestinal Distress
Authors: Aydin Malik , Niggeschmidt Judith , Ballauff Antje , Wirth Stefan , Hensel Kai 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background The number of inconspicuous results of esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs) in childhood appears to be disturbingly high. The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic yield of EGD and to determine its relevance of specific clinical indications.
Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 380 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent diagnostic EGD in two German level I pediatric gastroenterology departments in 2015 and 2016.
Results 44% of the 380 patients were male and 17% were younger than 5 years old. 55% of all EGDs (n=210) did not yield a pathological result. 27% (n=104) of all EGDs were performed due to nonspecific symptoms (epigastralgia, nausea). Strikingly, in this group, 88% (n=91) showed normal results and in only 12% a diagnosis was made: reflux esophagitis (n=5), Helicobacter pylori (HP) gastritis (n=6) or hemorrhagic gastritis (n=1). Fewer inconspicuous EGDs were performed in patients with dysphagia (68%) or heartburn and reflux (61%). 59 patients were examined due to serologically elevated celiac antibodies. Here, the diagnosis could be confirmed histopathologically in 78% (n=46). Of the 37 patients with abdominal pain and a previously positive non-invasive HP test, EGD served to establish the diagnosis of HP gastritis in 84%.
Conclusions The diagnostic yield for EGDs is increased in patients with more specific symptoms (i. e. dysphagia, heartburn, HP, celiac disease). Consequently, as an invasive procedure, EGD warrants a strict indication.
Chirurgische Meilensteine in der Vergangenheit
Authors: Haverich Axel 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungWas treibt chirurgische Innovation an und welche Rolle spielen dabei kraftvolle akademische Persönlichkeiten? Dieser Beitrag stellt die Frage, ob individuelle
chirurgische Innovatoren gemeinsame ermöglichende Faktoren teilen und überprüft diese Prämisse anhand 15 bedeutender chirurgischer Innovationen der
Nachkriegszeit sowie der Laufbahn von 14 prominenten Chirurgen aus dem Zeitraum von 1850–1933.