bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Phase Exfoliating Quasi‐2D CsPbBr3 Nanosheets with Ultrahigh Intrinsic Water Stability
Authors: Xie Meilin , Liu Huan , Chun Fengjun , Deng Wen , Luo Chao , Zhu Zhihao , Yang Min , Li Yongmei , Li Wen , Yan Wei , Yang Weiqing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAll‐inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as attractive optoelectronic materials due to the excellent optical and electronic properties. However, their environmental stability, especially in the presence of water, is still a significant challenge for their further commercialization. Here, ultrahigh intrinsically water‐stable all‐inorganic quasi‐2D CsPbBr3 nanosheets (NSs) via aqueous phase exfoliation method are reported. Compared to conventional perovskite NCs, these unique quasi‐2D CsPbBr3 nanosheets present an outstanding long‐term water stability with 87% photoluminescence (PL) intensity remaining after 168 h under water conditions. Moreover, the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of quasi‐2D CsPbBr3 NSs is up to 82.3%, and these quasi‐2D CsPbBr3 NSs also present good photostability of keeping 85% PL intensity after 2 h under 365 nm UV light. Evidently, such quasi‐2D perovskite NSs will open up a new way to investigate the intrinsic stability of all‐inorganic perovskites and further promote the commercial development of perovskite‐based optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
Detection of vasa praevia in the mid‐trimester ultrasound by Australian sonographers
Authors: Humphries‐Hart Ffion , Davies Braidy , Bethune Michael , Saxton Virginia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain Australian obstetric sonographers knowledge and current practice when assessing for vasa praevia in the mid‐trimester ultrasound with the view to improve prenatal diagnosis.MethodsBetween August and September 2018, a survey was emailed to 4868 Australian sonographers registered to participate in Australian Sonography Association Registry (ASAR) facilitated research projects. A total of 577 responses were received. The sonographers survey response was compared with published Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) recommendations.ResultsThere appears to be an unfamiliarity with the RANZCOG recommendations, in particular that vasa praevia is defined as a fetal vessel lying within 20 mm of the cervical internal os (IOS). Transabdominally, if a vasa praevia risk factor is identified (including a fetal vessel observed in the lower uterine segment), less than 48% of surveyed sonographers proceed to a targeted transvaginal scan.ConclusionTo enable effective diagnosis of vasa praevia, it is important to recognise associated risk factors that can raise suspicion for a potential vasa praevia; these are velamentous cord insertion, succenturiate lobe, and low‐lying placenta. A lower threshold of performing a transvaginal ultrasound when risk factors are identified (including a fetal vessel is identified in the lower uterine segment) may significantly improve vasa praevia diagnosis in the mid‐trimester ultrasound.
A spark‐based big data analysis framework for real‐time sentiment prediction on streaming data
Authors: Kılınç Deniz 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThere are many data sources that produce large volumes of data. The Big Data nature requires new distributed processing approaches to extract the valuable information. Real‐time sentiment analysis is one of the most demanding research areas that requires powerful Big Data analytics tools such as Spark. Prior literature survey work has shown that, though there are many conventional sentiment analysis researches, there are only few works realizing sentiment analysis in real time. One major point that affects the quality of real‐time sentiment analysis is the confidence of the generated data. In more clear terms, it is a valuable research question to determine whether the owner that generates sentiment is genuine or not. Since data generated by fake personalities may decrease accuracy of the outcome, a smart/intelligent service that can identify the source of data is one of the key points in the analysis. In this context, we include a fake account detection service to the proposed framework. Both sentiment analysis and fake account detection systems are trained and tested using Naïve Bayes model from Apache Spark's machine learning library. The developed system consists of four integrated software components, ie, (i) machine learning and streaming service for sentiment prediction, (ii) a Twitter streaming service to retrieve tweets, (iii) a Twitter fake account detection service to assess the owner of the retrieved tweet, and (iv) a real‐time reporting and dashboard component to visualize the results of sentiment analysis. The sentiment classification performances of the system for offline and real‐time modes are 86.77% and 80.93%, respectively.
Pretensioned pullout test of 18 mm (0.7 in.) diameter strand with different embedment lengths
Authors: Jiang Xin , Gui Qiang , Ma Zhongguo John 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a pretensioned pullout test method was proposed to better understand the bond mechanism and evaluate the bond behavior of pretensioned concrete members. A total of 15 pullout specimens with a centered 18‐mm (0.7 in.) diameter strand were tested. The specimens were divided into three sets according to their strand embedment lengths. For each set, there are two non‐pretensioned specimens and three pretensioned specimens with different initial prestress levels. In this way, the effects of the strand embedment length and the pretension level on the bond behavior were studied, in terms of the development of strand slip subject to the pullout force, initial P–S slope, the distribution of concrete surface strain, the ultimate failure mode and the pullout energy. The experimental results verified that the strand transfer length was dependent of prestress level. The transfer length may be predicted based on the different level of effective pretension force or stress in pretensioned specimens with different strand embedment lengths at detensioning. In essence, the disparities of the bond behaviors in the tests were caused by the contributions of different bond mechanisms. In return, the former, especially the characteristics of the development of strand slip and pullout energy, may be used for the quantificational evaluation of the bond mechanisms. Hoyer effect is verified as the dominant bond mechanism within transfer length.
Experimental analysis of fiber‐reinforced recycled aggregate self‐compacting concrete using waste recycled concrete aggregates, polypropylene, and steel fibers
Authors: Aslani Farhad , Hou Lijun , Nejadi Shami , Sun Junbo , Abbasi Samer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSelf‐compacting concrete (SCC) is a cementitious composite which serves complex formworks without mechanical vibrations with superior deformability and high resistance to segregation. Besides, the recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is also developing rapidly and along with the ever‐increasing sustainable demand for infrastructure. The combination of the fibers, RAC, and SCC may create advantages for the construction industry. In this study, the polypropylene (PP) fiber at 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25% volume fractions and steel fibers at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% volume fractions are introduced into fiber‐reinforced recycled aggregate self‐compacting concrete (FR‐RASCC). Both fresh property and hardened mechanical performance, comprising compressive and tensile strengths and modulus of elasticity are analyzed. The fibers validate the optimal 0.1% volume fraction for PP fiber and 0.75% volume fraction for steel fiber. In addition, the results are proved to enhance the mechanical properties and reduce cracking despite the negative impact on the fresh property. Moreover, the experimental outcomes are compared with previous researches to establish the linear model, demonstrating the relationship between fiber fraction and the mechanical properties.
Nonlethal Detection of Asian Fish Tapeworm in the Federally Endangered Humpback Chub Using a Molecular Screening Tool
Authors: Campbell Meredith C. , Caldwell Colleen A. , Lewis Teresa D. , Wilson Wade D. , Gard Charlotte C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOptimal spawning habitat of federally endangered Humpback Chub Gila cypha exists within the Little Colorado River; however, temperatures in the Little Colorado River are also ideal for proliferation of the invasive pathogenic Asian fish tapeworm Schyzocotyle acheilognathi. The current standard for positive identification of the parasite is necropsy and visual examination of the gut via microscopy, a methodology undesirable for assessing infection in endangered fishes. A swab taken at the rectum of the fish and analyzed using a novel DNA primer targeting the cestode cytochrome oxidase I subunit mtDNA gene region offers a convenient nonlethal sampling tool. To validate the nonlethal methodology, primer sensitivity (51.9%) and specificity (79.5%) were calculated by exposing captive fish to the parasite and comparing results using the lethal standard method (i.e., visual examination). Subsequently, we utilized this nonlethal methodology to address prevalence of infection and infection frequency across a range of size‐classes in a wild population of Humpback Chub and addressed possible patterns and mechanisms of infection in the Little Colorado River. When wild Humpback Chub were screened for infection prevalence in spring 2015 (21.4%, n = 140) and fall 2015 (6.6%, n = 258), the relative frequency of infection was highest in juveniles and subadult fish (200–300 mm). Elevated levels of infection near the major spawning grounds of Humpback Chub in the Little Colorado River promote parasitic infection, which may continue to persist without treatment or actions to control infections. We demonstrated that rectal swabs, in conjunction with PCR and primer‐specific identification, offer a time‐efficient nonlethal method to detect infection of Asian fish tapeworm in an endangered fish.
From machine learning to deep learning: Advances in scoring functions for protein–ligand docking
Authors: Shen Chao , Ding Junjie , Wang Zhe , Cao Dongsheng , Ding Xiaoqin , Hou Tingjun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMolecule docking has been regarded as a routine tool for drug discovery, but its accuracy highly depends on the reliability of scoring functions (SFs). With the rapid development of machine learning (ML) techniques, ML‐based SFs have gradually emerged as a promising alternative for protein–ligand binding affinity prediction and virtual screening, and most of them have shown significantly better performance than a wide range of classical SFs. Emergence of more data‐hungry deep learning (DL) approaches in recent years further fascinates the exploitation of more accurate SFs. Here, we summarize the progress of traditional ML‐based SFs in the last few years and provide insights into recently developed DL‐based SFs. We believe that the continuous improvement in ML‐based SFs can surely guide the early‐stage drug design and accelerate the discovery of new drugs.This article is categorized under:

Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
In-season plot area loss and implications for yield estimation in smallholder rainfed farming systems at the village level in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wahab Ibrahim 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe shortfalls in the quality, quantity, and reliability of agriculture performance data are neither new nor confined to Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It is, however, a more dire challenge given the overwhelming importance of agriculture in the economies of most countries in the region in terms of food security and poverty reduction. While farmers’ self-reported (SR) data on crop outputs and farm sizes remain popular variables for computing plot productivity and yields, especially in SSA, other methods such GPS measurement and remote sensing measurement of crop area, crop cuts (CC) as well as whole plot harvests have been touted as the gold standard methods for yield measurement. All these approaches to yield estimation are insufficient in capturing real agriculture productivity in rainfed farming systems due to the significant area loss that characterizes these farming systems in the course of each cropping season. This paper compares yield data of smallholder maize plots from two farming communities in the Eastern Region of Ghana based on farmer self-reported outputs and crop cuts, as well as GPS and aerial imagery measurement of plot area. The study finds a high level of agreement between GPS-measured plot area and that measured using remote sensing methods (R2 = 0.80) with the minor deviations between the two measures attributable to changes in farmers’ plans in the course of the season with regards to their cultivation extent. More interestingly, the study finds a substantial disparity between measured CC yields and SR yields; 2174 kg/ha for CC yields compared to 651 kg/ha for SR yields. The significant disparity between the two measures of yield is partly attributable to the significant intra-plot variability in crop performance leading to plot area loss in the course of the season. This area loss (ranging from 15 to 30% of the planted area) is usually not taken into account in current yield measurement approaches. Delineating the productive and planted-but-unproductive sections of plots has important implications not only for yield estimation methodologies but also for shedding more light on the factors underlying current poor yields and pathways to improving productivity on smallholder rainfed maize farms.
Integrated production optimisation and monitoring of multi-zone intelligent wells
Authors: Malakooti Reza , Ayop Ahmad Zhafran , Maulianda Belladonna , Muradov Khafiz , Davies David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMulti-zone intelligent wells (I-wells) completed with interval control valves and downhole sensors divide the well completion into a number of production intervals that can be managed individually. The production rate from these wells is optimised using either reactive or proactive control strategy. Zonal inflow property values are often used to estimate the zonal multi-phase flow rates (MPFRs) to inform such control strategies. Real-time measurements of the zonal downhole pressure and temperature can be used to estimate the zonal MPFRs, which are considered the main input information to production optimisation algorithms. This paper presents an integrated control and monitoring (ICM) algorithm to maximise production from multi-zone I-wells. The algorithm includes two-level optimisation to design optimum number of required flow tests and optimise either reliability of estimated zonal production (monitoring) or oil production (control). An in-house optimiser has been developed to initiate the required flow tests to perform the ICM workflow, while active soft-sensing algorithm is used to design further flow tests required either to maximise the reliability of estimated zonal properties or maximise oil production. The algorithm was validated using a commercial transient wellbore simulator OLGA™ in which a five-zone intelligent well was modelled. The simulator results were used as inputs into the ICM algorithm to test the applicability of proposed workflow. Two different workflows of ICM and MPFR were compared in this synthetic case study, and both workflows achieve satisfactory estimates of the zonal properties. However, the ICM workflow attempts to achieve the maximum oil production with a reduced number of flow tests and results in higher cumulative oil production compared to the MPFR workflow. This confirmed that there is a potential to monitor and control zonal production simultaneously with less flow tests in comparison with applying a separate control and monitoring approach. The findings of this study showed it is not necessary to have the accurate estimation of zonal properties in order to maximise the oil production from a multi-zone I-well. The proposed ICM algorithm can also be applied in multi-well flow rate allocation of an interest production system network and optimisation of start-up of multi-zone I-wells.
Plasma tau complements CSF tau and P‐tau in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Fossati Silvia , Ramos Cejudo Jaime , Debure Ludovic , Pirraglia Elizabeth , Sone Je Yeong , Li Yi , Chen Jingyun , Butler Tracy , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , de Leon Mony J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionPlasma tau may be an accessible biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the correlation between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and the value of combining plasma tau with CSF tau and phospho‐tau (P‐tau) are still unclear.MethodsPlasma‐tau, CSF‐tau, and P‐tau were measured in 97 subjects, including elderly cognitively normal controls (n = 68) and patients with AD (n = 29) recruited at the NYU Center for Brain Health, with comprehensive neuropsychological and magnetic resonance imaging evaluations.ResultsPlasma tau was higher in patients with AD than cognitively normal controls (P < .001, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.79) similarly to CSF tau and CSF P‐tau and was negatively correlated with cognition in AD. Plasma and CSF tau measures were poorly correlated. Adding plasma tau to CSF tau or CSF P‐tau significantly increased the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve from 0.80 and 0.82 to 0.87 and 0.88, respectively.DiscussionPlasma tau is higher in AD independently from CSF‐tau. Importantly, adding plasma tau to CSF tau or P‐tau improves diagnostic accuracy, suggesting that plasma tau may represent a useful biomarker for AD, especially when added to CSF tau measures.
Preclinical studies of RUC-4, a novel platelet αIIbβ3 antagonist, in non-human primates and with human platelets
Authors: Vootukuri Spandana , Li Jihong , Nedelman Mark , Thomas Craig , Jiang Jiang-Kang , Babayeva Mariana , Coller Barry S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroduction:We are developing the novel αIIbβ3 antagonist, RUC-4, for subcutaneously (SC)-administered first-point-of-medical-contact treatment for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods:We studied the (1) pharmacokinetics (PK) of RUC-4 at 1.0, 1.93, and 3.86 mg/kg intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and SC in non-human primates (NHPs); (2) impact of aspirin on RUC-4 IC50in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP); (3) effect of different anticoagulants on the RUC-4 IC50in human PRP; and (4) relationship between αIIbβ3 receptor blockade by RUC-4 and inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation.Results:(1) All doses of RUC-4 were well tolerated, but animals demonstrated variable temporary bruising. IM and SC RUC-4 reached dose-dependent peak levels within 5–15 minutes, with T1/2s between 0.28 and 0.56 hours. Platelet aggregation studies in NHPs receiving IM RUC-4 demonstrated >80% inhibition of the initial slope of ADP-induced aggregation with all three doses 30 minutes post-dosing, with subsequent dose-dependent loss of inhibition over 4–5 hours. (2) The RUC-4 IC50for ADP-induced platelet aggregation was unaffected by aspirin treatment (40±9 nM vs 37±5 nM;p= 0.39). (3) The RUC-4 IC50was significantly higher in PRP prepared from D-phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginyl chloromethyl ketone (PPACK)-anticoagulated blood compared to citrate-anticoagulated blood using either thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP) (122±17 vs 66±25 nM;p= 0.05;n= 4) or ADP (102±22 vs 54±13;p<0.001;n= 5). (4) There was a close correspondence between receptor blockade and inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, with aggregation inhibition beginning with ~40% receptor blockade and becoming nearly complete at >80% receptor blockade.Discussion:Based on these results and others, RUC-4 has now progressed to formal preclinical toxicology studies.
Public Health Threats in Mass Gatherings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Karami Manoochehr , Doosti-Irani Amin , Ardalan Ali , Gohari-Ensaf Fathemeh , Berangi Zainab , Massad Eduardo , Rebi Yeganeh Mohammad , Asadi-Lari Mohsen , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTMass gatherings (MGs) are held throughout the world. The aim of this review was to assess and identify the health threats based on the type of the MG, type of diseases, and injuries. Research platforms such as Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus were searched through June 2017. All epidemiologic studies that investigated the health threats during the MGs, such as communicable diseases, injuries, high-risk behaviors, and environmental health problems, were included in this review. Out of 1264 references, 45 articles were included in the review.Three main types of MGs include religious, festival, and sporting event; and fairs such as trade, book, and agricultural types were also reported in the selected studies. In the religious MGs, infectious diseases were the most common health threat. Road traffic accidents and environmental health problems were additional health threats. At MG sporting events, injuries were the most common health problems. Infectious diseases and alcohol and drug-related disorders were other reported public health concerns. In the festival MGs, alcohol and drug-related problems were commonly reported. This review showed that health threats vary, based on the type of mass gathering. The health organizers of MGs should consider the type of the MG and the health needs and safety of the participants to help them plan their action and provide the needed health care services.
Turbulent windprint on a liquid surface
Authors: Perrard Stéphane , Lozano-Durán Adrián , Rabaud Marc , Benzaquen Michael , Moisy Frédéric 
Published: June 2019

We investigate the effect of a light turbulent wind on a liquid surface, below the onset of wave generation. In that regime, the liquid surface is populated by small disorganised deformations elongated in the streamwise direction. Formally identified recently by Paquier et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 27, 2015, art. 122103), the deformations that occur below the wave onset were named wrinkles. We provide here a theoretical framework for this regime, using the viscous response of a free liquid surface submitted to arbitrary normal and tangential interfacial stresses at its upper boundary. We relate the spatio-temporal spectrum of the surface deformations to that of the applied interfacial pressure and shear stress fluctuations. For that, we evaluate the spatio-temporal statistics of the turbulent forcing using direct numerical simulation of a turbulent channel flow, assuming no coupling between the air and the liquid flows. Combining theory and numerical simulation, we obtain synthetic wrinkles fields that reproduce the experimental observations. We show that the wrinkles are a multi-scale superposition of random wakes generated by the turbulent fluctuations. They result mainly from the nearly isotropic pressure fluctuations generated in the boundary layer, rather than from the elongated shear stress fluctuations. The wrinkle regime described in this paper naturally arises as the viscous-saturated asymptotic of the inviscid growth theory of Phillips (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 2 (05), 1957, pp. 417–445). We finally discuss the possible relation between wrinkles and the onset of regular quasi-monochromatic waves at larger wind velocity. Experiments indicate that the onset of regular waves increases with liquid viscosity. Our theory suggests that regular waves are triggered when the wrinkle amplitude reaches a fraction of the viscous sublayer thickness. This implies that the turbulent fluctuations near the onset may play a key role in the triggering of exponential wave growth.