bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tunable Trifluoromethyliodonium Reagent
Authors: Liebing Phil , Kalim Jorna , Arefyeva Natalia , Oehler Florian , Wickleder Mathias , Togni Antonio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFour complexes of MCl4 (M=Ti, Zr, Hf) with the hypervalent trifluoromethyl iodine reagent trifluoromethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benziodoxole (1,=L) are described. With TiCl4, an I−O bond cleavage occurs, leading to the formation of the trifluoromethyliodonium alcoholate complexes [Ti2Cl6(L)4]Cl2 (2 a) and Ti2Cl8(L) (2 b). Reactions with ZrCl4 and HfCl4 form the complexes ZrCl4(L)2 (3) and HfCl4(L)2 (4), respectively, wherein the original I−O bond is retained and elongated compared to that in free 1. Therefore, the reactivity of 1 can be easily and practically fine‐tuned by addition of different metal chlorides, following the order ZrCl4/HfCl4<TiCl4<2 TiCl4. Complexes 2 a, 3, and 4 are remarkably bench‐stable forms of activated reagent 1, while 2 b is readily accessible in situ. 2 a and 2 b represent the first “real” trifluoromethyliodonium reagents derived from iodanes, that is, with the I−O bond being completely cleaved. The new complexes were shown to be useful for the trifluoromethylation of para‐toluenesulfonate under aprotic conditions.
Reductive C−C Coupling from α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles by Intercepting Keteniminates
Authors: Hale Lillian V. A. , Sikes N. Marianne , Szymczak Nathaniel K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present an atom‐economic strategy to catalytically generate and intercept nitrile anion equivalents using hydrogen transfer catalysis. Addition of α,β‐unsaturated nitriles to a pincer‐based Ru−H complex affords structurally characterized κ‐N‐coordinated keteniminates by selective 1,4‐hydride transfer. When generated in situ under catalytic hydrogenation conditions, electrophilic addition to the keteniminate was achieved using anhydrides to provide α‐cyanoacetates in high yields. This work represents a new application of hydrogen transfer catalysis using α,β‐unsaturated nitriles for reductive C−C coupling reactions.
Investigation of the effects of natural compounds isolated from Arum rupicola var. rupicola on glutathione reductase enzyme purified from bovine liver
Authors: Kıvanç Mehmet Rıza , Türkoglu Vedat 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGlutathione reductase (GR, E.C. 1.8.1.7), a flavoenzyme, is responsible for recycling of oxidized glutathione disulfide. This study was performed in two main sections. In the first GR was purified from bovine liver by affinity column chromatography and the purification rate and specific activity of the enzyme were calculated as 1832‐fold and 141 EU/mg protein, respectively. The subunit molecular weight of the enzyme was determined as 55 kDa by means of SDS–PAGE. The second section isolated natural components of Arum rupicola Boiss. var. rupicola using column chromatography. The isolation protocol for this plant was performed with a series of different‐sized columns with hexane–ethyl acetate. According to the thin‐layer chromatography plate, seven substances (R1–R7) were isolated. Our study's aim was to find new activators or inhibitors for GR activity. With this aim, all isolated substances were tested for GR activity. R6 showed competitive inhibition, while R4 had noncompetitive inhibition of GR activity. R1 played a role as an activator of GR activity. The inhibitory activity percentage vs. concentration graph was plotted. Values of IC50 for R4 and R6 were calculated as 0.193 mg/mL and 3.98 μg/mL, respectively, from the equation of this graph.
Epidemiological trends, relative survival, and prognosis risk factors of WHO Grade III gliomas: A population‐based study
Authors: Fang Jun‐Hao , Lin Dong‐Dong , Deng Xiang‐Yang , Li Dan‐Dong , Sheng Han‐Song , Lin Jian , Zhang Nu , Yin Bo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPopulation‐based studies on grade III gliomas are still lacking. The purpose of our study was to investigate epidemiological characteristics, survival, and risk factors of these tumors.Patients and methodsAll data of patients with grade III gliomas were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. This database provides analysis to evaluate age‐adjusted incidence, incidence‐based mortality, and limited‐duration prevalence. The trends of incidence and mortality were modeled using Joinpoint program. Relative survival was also available in this database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to access the prognostic significance of risk factors on cancer‐specific survival. Nomogram was constructed to predict 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival.ResultsOur study showed that during 2000‐2013, the incidence was stable and the mortality rate dropped significantly with APC as −1.95% (95% CI: −3.35% to −0.54%). Patients aged 40‐59 had the highest prevalent cases. The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year relative survival rates for all patients were 74.7%, 52.8%, 44.4%, and 32.4%. And it varied by risk factors. Cox regression analysis showed older age, male, black race, divorced status, histology of AA, tumor size <3.5 cm and no surgery were associated with worse survival.ConclusionOur study provides reasonable estimates of the incidence, mortality, and prevalence for patients with grade III gliomas during 2000‐2013. The results of relative survival and Cox regression analysis revealed that age, race, sex, year of diagnosis, tumor site, histologic type, tumor size, and surgery were the identifiable prognostic indicators. The effects of radiotherapy still need further study. We integrated these risk factors to construct an effective clinical prediction model.
An integrated analysis reveals the oncogenic function of lncRNA LINC00511 in human ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Jing , Tian Yongju , Zheng Hui , Ding Yan , Wang Xiuli 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOvarian cancer is one of the most common female reproductive system malignancies worldwide. Recently, the aberrant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression has been identified in multiple cancers. Emerging evidence has highlighted the critical roles of lncRNAs in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, including ovarian cancer. The objective of this study is to comprehensively analyze lncRNAs expression pattern, and explore their clinical significance and underlying mechanism in human ovarian cancer. In this study, we found hundreds of dysregulated lncRNAs in ovarian cancer by performing genome‐wide analysis using RNA sequencing data from Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, and three microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Moreover, our results revealed that up‐ or down‐regulation of some lncRNAs expression in ovarian cancer is accompanied by their genomic loci copy number amplification or deletion. Importantly, some lncRNAs expression levels are significantly associated with ovarian cancer patients’ poor prognosis. Further experimental validation and mechanistic investigation indicate that LINC00511 exerts oncogenic function in ovarian cancer cells through interacting with EZH2 and repressing P21 expression. Taken together, the findings in the current study may provide a useful resource of novel ovarian cancer associated lncRNAs and potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.
Organocatalytic Cyclization of COS and Propargylic Derivatives to Value‐Added Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Zhou Hui , Zhang Rui , Mu Sen , Zhang Hui , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe organocatalytic cyclization of propargylic amines/amides with carbonyl sulfide (COS) was firstly achieved by employing COS adducts of Lewis base (LB) as organocatalysts, affording various functionalized 1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐ones, and 1,3‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones derivatives in a highly chemo‐ and stereoselective manner. The isotope labeling and stoichiometric experiments suggested the LB‐COS adducts preferentially mediated basic ionic pair mechanism. Furthermore, the practical application of this methodology was highlighted by the highly efficient synthesis of rosiglitazone using COS as sulfur source.
Synthesis of MoS2/CdS Heterostructures on Carbon‐Fiber Cloth as Filter‐Membrane‐Shaped Photocatalyst for Purifying the Flowing Wastewater under Visible‐Light Illumination
Authors: Zhang Yan , Luo Li , Shi Zhun , Shen Xiaofeng , Peng Cheng , Liu Jianshe , Chen Zhigang , Chen Quanyuan , Zhang Lisha 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe development of effective, visible‐light‐drivable and reusable photocatalysts has drawn great attention for purifying the flowing wastewater. Herein, we have designed and prepared MoS2/CdS heterostructures on carbon fiber (CF) cloth as a novel filter‐membrane‐shaped photocatalyst. With CF cloth as the substrate, the growth of MoS2 nanosheets (thickness: ∼20 nm) and CdS nanoparticles (∼5 nm) have been achieved by using a hydrothermal‐chemical bath deposition two‐step route. CF/MoS2/CdS cloth shows a strong and wide photoabsorption accompanied by a small peak with an edge around 700 nm. Under visible‐light irradiation, CF/MoS2/CdS cloth (area: 4×4 cm2) can expeditiously remove 97.3 % rhodamine B, 55.6 % tetracycline hydrochloride and 68.4 % hexavalent chromium after 100 min, and 97.3 % methylene blue after 70 min. In particular, when CF/MoS2/CdS cloth (diameter: ∼10 cm) is used as a filter‐membrane to photocatalytically degrade the flowing wastewater (10 mg L−1 RhB, rate: ∼1 L h−1), 92.6 % RhB can be eliminated in eight grading pools. Therefore, CF/MoS2/CdS cloth has the capacity to be a recyclable photocatalyst with high efficiency for purifying the flowing wastewater.
Effizienter Kombinierer
Authors: Gnädig Christine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDer neue TK‐D von Allgaier Process Technology ist ein kombinierter Trommeltrockner/‐kühler nach dem System Mozer. Dieser ermöglicht es, die zuvor getrockneten Feststoffe auf besonders niedrige Temperaturen bis nahe der Umgebungs‐ oder Kühlluft‐Temperatur zu kühlen. Die neue Technik überzeugt durch hohe Energieeffizienz mit Wärmerückgewinnung durch separate Rückführung der Kühlerabluft oder durch Evaporative Cooling, ist aufgrund der einschaligen Bauweise besonders wartungsfreundlich und reduziert damit erheblich die Total Cost of Ownership.
Depressive symptoms in asymptomatic stage B heart failure with Type II diabetic mellitus
Authors: Mills Paul J. , Taub Pam R. , Lunde Ottar , Pung Meredith A. , Wilson Kathleen , Pruitt Christopher , Rutledge Thomas , Maisel Alan , Greenberg Barry H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of concomitant Type II diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and depressive symptoms adversely affects individuals with symptomatic heart failure (HF).HypothesisIn presymptomatic stage B HF, this study hypothesized the presence of greater inflammation and depressive symptoms in T2DM as compared to non‐T2DM Stage B patients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study examined clinical parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, and depressive symptoms in 349 T2DM and non‐T2DM men with asymptomatic stage B HF (mean age 66.4 years ±10.1; range 30‐91).ResultsFewer diabetic HF patients had left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (P < .05) although more had LV diastolic dysfunction (P < .001). A higher percentage of T2DM HF patients were taking ACE‐inhibitors, beta‐blockers, calcium channel blockers, statins, and diuretics (P values < .05). T2DM HF patients had higher circulating levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (P < .01), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (P < .01), and soluble ST2 (sST2) (P < .01) and reported more somatic/affective depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II) (P < .05) but not cognitive/affective depressive symptoms (P = .20). Among all patients, in a multiple regression analysis predicting presence of somatic/affective depressive symptoms, sST2 (P = .026), IL‐6 (P = .010), B‐type natriuretic peptide (P = .016), and sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [P < .001]) were significant predictors (overall model F = 15.39, P < .001, adjusted R2 = .207).ConclusionsSomatic/affective but not cognitive/affective depressive symptoms are elevated in asymptomatic HF patients with T2DM patients. Linkages with elevated inflammatory and cardiac relevant biomarkers suggest shared pathophysiological mechanisms among T2DM HF patients with somatic depression, and these conditions are responsive to routine interventions, including behavioral. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between expected engagement and talking therapy outcome
Authors: Harrison Phillippa , Hardy Gillian E. , Barkham Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate whether client‐reported expected engagement with therapy predicted therapy outcome. It was hypothesized that higher expected engagement with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or person‐centred experiential therapy (PCET) would predict more symptomatic improvement following therapy and higher likelihood of therapy completion. The Sheffield Expected Engagement with Therapy Scale was administered to 96 clients at pre‐therapy assessment with all meeting a diagnosis of moderate or severe depression with 53 receiving CBT and 43 receiving PCET. Higher expected engagement predicted more symptomatic improvement in CBT but not PCET. Expected engagement only predicted improvement in CBT when clients rated the credibility of CBT as low or moderate. Expected engagement did not predict therapy completion in either therapy. Assessment of expected engagement could be a useful tool in prediction of symptomatic improvement in CBT.
Transformation of lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung carcinoma in the setting of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy: Cytological approach of a clinically challenging phenomenon
Authors: El Hussein Siba , Khader Samer N 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma transformation into small cell lung carcinoma is a well‐established phenomenon. Several reports and studies have been published, describing the clinical and pathological clues to detect this transformation. This article will discuss the cytological aspect of this entity, highlighting pertinent features, to bring more attention to the existence of this transformation into the cytopathology practice.
Rejection of Schmidt et al.'s estimators for bear population size
Authors: Becker Earl , Christ Aaron 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAerial distance sampling of bears to estimate population size has been used throughout many parts of Alaska. The distance sampling models are complex since they need to account for undetected bears and differences in detection probabilities. This will require covariates and mark‐recapture data. The models proposed by Schmidt et al. do not use covariates or mark‐recapture data and are inappropriate for these surveys.
Genomic signatures of adaptation to Sahelian and Soudanian climates in sorghum landraces of Senegal
Authors: Faye Jacques M. , Maina Fanna , Hu Zhenbin , Fonceka Daniel , Cisse Ndiaga , Morris Geoffrey P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUncovering the genomic basis of climate adaptation in traditional crop varieties can provide insight into plant evolution and facilitate breeding for climate resilience. In the African cereal sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. [Moench]), the genomic basis of adaptation to the semiarid Sahelian zone versus the subhumid Soudanian zone is largely unknown. To address this issue, we characterized a large panel of 421 georeferenced sorghum landrace accessions from Senegal and adjacent locations at 213,916 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using genotyping‐by‐sequencing. Seven subpopulations distributed along the north‐south precipitation gradient were identified. Redundancy analysis found that climate variables explained up to 8% of SNP variation, with climate collinear with space explaining most of this variation (6%). Genome scans of nucleotide diversity suggest positive selection on chromosome 2, 4, 5, 7, and 10 in durra sorghums, with successive adaptation during diffusion along the Sahel. Putative selective sweeps were identified, several of which colocalize with stay‐green drought tolerance (Stg) loci, and a priori candidate genes for photoperiodic flowering and inflorescence morphology. Genome‐wide association studies of photoperiod sensitivity and panicle compactness identified 35 and 13 associations that colocalize with a priori candidate genes, respectively. Climate‐associated SNPs colocalize with Stg3a, Stg1, Stg2, and Ma6 and have allelic distribution consistent with adaptation across Sahelian and Soudanian zones. Taken together, the findings suggest an oligogenic basis of adaptation to Sahelian versus Soudanian climates, underpinned by variation in conserved floral regulatory pathways and other systems that are less understood in cereals.
Urban climate change adaptation as social learning: Exploring the process and politics
Authors: Fisher Susannah , Dodman David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResponses to climate change that build on adaptive natural resource management conceptualise social learning processes as having the potential to form a key component of climate adaptation. Social learning processes represent a way of managing the inherent uncertainties and interconnectedness of adaptation issues through ongoing learning, iterative reflection, and change of responses over time. Although the theoretical case is emerging for social learning as adaptation, there is limited empirical evidence of how these processes play out as local governments engage in urban adaptation planning. This paper starts to address this gap by examining social learning processes in two cities in India. We show how the social learning processes interact with complex governance contexts in the two cities and how evidence of outcomes is emerging across individuals, networks, and systems. We go on to argue that there are several areas of social learning that need further theorisation to support its application in the urban context. First, theories of social learning need to allow for unequal power relationships to continue to shape learning processes and take into account structural and historical dynamics as well as relational forms of power. Second, the way that scale is understood needs to be reopened as a point of analysis to understand how scalar concepts are used by actors to frame and locate problems and solutions rather than being understood as fixed and immutable.
Helminths products directly modulate T cells that mediate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Quinn Shauna M. , Raverdeau Mathilde , McGinley Aoife M. , Mills Kingston H.G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInfection with helminths can protect against the development of autoimmune diseases and this has been associated with induction of anti‐inflammatory innate immune responses and Tregs. Here, we demonstrate that helminth‐derived products can directly target T cells, especially IL‐17‐secreting γδ T cells that play a key pathogenic role in CNS autoimmune disease.
Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Multigeneration Test with Triclosan
Authors: Mihaich Ellen , Capdevielle Marie , Urbach-Ross Daniella , Gallagher Sean , Wolf Jeffrey 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The medaka extended one-generation reproduction test (MEOGRT) is a tier-2 study in the US Environmental Protection Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program and a level-5 study in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's conceptual framework. Integrating nonspecific apical and endocrine-specific mechanistic endpoints, results of a MEOGRT can be used, with other data, in a weight-of-evidence evaluation to establish a dose–response relationship for risk assessment and identify potential causal relationships between an endocrine mode of action and adverse effects. The MEOGRT test design was used to evaluate the multigenerational effects of the antimicrobial agent triclosan. Japanese medaka were exposed to nominal concentrations of 1.4, 2.8, 5.6, 11, and 23 μg/L triclosan and a dilution water control starting with adult medaka (F0) through hatch in the second generation (F2). No consistent or concentration-related responses occurred in the 182-d test that suggested an endocrine-mediated effect. There were no impacts on hepatic vitellogenin, secondary sex characteristics, or sex ratio that were linked to an adverse reproductive outcome. Histopathological responses were consistent with a toxic or stress effect, particularly when considered in context with observed reductions in growth. The overall population-relevant no-observed-effect concentration was 11 µg/L based on effects on growth. The results of the present study support a previously conducted weight-of-evidence evaluation concluding that triclosan does not act as an agonist or antagonist within estrogen, androgen, thyroid, or steroidogenic pathways. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1770–1783. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
In Search of Bioactivity – Phyllobilins, an Unexplored Class of Abundant Heterocyclic Plant Metabolites from Breakdown of Chlorophyll
Authors: Moser Simone , Kräutler Bernhard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe fate of the green plant pigment chlorophyll (Chl) in de‐greening leaves has long been a fascinating biological puzzle. In the course of the last three decades, various bilin‐type products of Chl breakdown have been identified, named phyllobilins (PBs). Considered ‘mere’ leftovers of a controlled biological Chl detoxification originally, the quest for finding relevant bioactivities of the PBs has become a new paradigm. Indeed, the PBs are abundant in senescent leaves, in ripe fruit and in some vegetables, and they display an exciting array of diverse heterocyclic structures. This review outlines briefly which types of Chl breakdown products occur in higher plants, describes basics of their bio‐relevant structural and chemical properties and gives suggestions as to ‘why’ the plants produce vast amounts of uniquely ‘decorated’ heterocyclic compounds. Clearly, it is worthwhile to consider crucial metabolic roles of PBs in plants, which may have practical consequences in agriculture and horticulture. However, PBs are also part of our plant‐based nutrition and their physiological and pharmacological effects in humans are of interest, as well.
A blueprint to establish a four‐bed obstetric critical care unit in the labor ward of a central hospital
Authors: Langenegger Eduard J. , Theron Gerhard B. , Hall David R. , Bello Camilo , Escobar Vidarte Maria Fernanda ,   the FIGO Committee for Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health
Published: April 2019

AbstractPatients at risk of organ dysfunction or with established organ dysfunction should be referred to central or tertiary‐level hospitals. However, even in central hospitals, intensive care unit (ICU) beds are often unavailable, which may contribute to maternal deaths. One pragmatic solution is to establish obstetric critical care units (OCCUs) in the labor wards of central hospitals; however, specific guidance on how to do this is limited. In addition, globally applicable standards of care are lacking, with uncertainty regarding who should lead obstetric critical care. In this article the specific OCCU infrastructure, equipment and human resources required to establish such units in central hospitals in low‐ and middle‐income countries are described in sufficient detail for easy replication. Admission and discharge guidelines and operational recommendations that include quality indicators are also provided.