bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jungle Express is a versatile repressor system for tight transcriptional control
Authors: Ruegg Thomas L. , Pereira Jose H. , Chen Joseph C. , DeGiovanni Andy , Novichkov Pavel , Mutalik Vivek K. , Tomaleri Giovani P. , Singer Steven W. , Hillson Nathan J. , Simmons Blake A. , Adams Paul D. , Thelen Michael P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTightly regulated promoters are essential for numerous biological applications, where strong inducibility, portability, and scalability are desirable. Current systems are often incompatible with large-scale fermentations due to high inducer costs and strict media requirements. Here, we describe the bottom-up engineering of ‘Jungle Express’, an expression system that enables efficient gene regulation in diverse proteobacteria. This system is guided by EilR, a multidrug-binding repressor with high affinity to its optimized operator and cationic dyes that act as powerful inducers at negligible costs. In E. coli, the engineered promoters exhibit minimal basal transcription and are inducible over four orders of magnitude by 1 µM crystal violet, reaching expression levels exceeding those of the strongest current bacterial systems. Further, we provide molecular insights into specific interactions of EilR with its operator and with two inducers. The versatility of Jungle Express opens the way for tightly controlled and efficient gene expression that is not restricted to host organism, substrate, or scale.
Reflection of near-infrared light confers thermal protection in birds
Authors: Medina Iliana , Newton Elizabeth , Kearney Michael R. , Mulder Raoul A. , Porter Warren P. , Stuart-Fox Devi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBiologists have focused their attention on the optical functions of light reflected at ultraviolet and human-visible wavelengths. However, most radiant energy in sunlight occurs in ‘unseen’ near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The capacity to reflect solar radiation at NIR wavelengths may enable animals to control heat gain and remain within their critical thermal limits. Here, using a continent-wide phylogenetic analysis of Australian birds, we show that species occupying hot, arid environments reflect more radiant energy in NIR wavelengths than species in thermally benign environments, even when controlling for variation in visible colour. Biophysical models confirm that smaller species gain a greater advantage from high NIR reflectivity in hot, arid environments, reducing water loss from compensatory evaporative cooling by up to 2% body mass per hour. These results highlight the importance of NIR reflectivity for thermal protection, which may become increasingly critical as the frequency of extreme climatic events increases.
Imaging the nanoscale phase separation in vanadium dioxide thin films at terahertz frequencies
Authors: Stinson H. T. , Sternbach A. , Najera O. , Jing R. , Mcleod A. S. , Slusar T. V. , Mueller A. , Anderegg L. , Kim H. T. , Rozenberg M. , Basov D. N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVanadium dioxide (VO2) is a material that undergoes an insulator–metal transition upon heating above 340 K. It remains debated as to whether this electronic transition is driven by a corresponding structural transition or by strong electron–electron correlations. Here, we use apertureless scattering near-field optical microscopy to compare nanoscale images of the transition in VO2 thin films acquired at both mid-infrared and terahertz frequencies, using a home-built terahertz near-field microscope. We observe a much more gradual transition when THz frequencies are utilized as a probe, in contrast to the assumptions of a classical first-order phase transition. We discuss these results in light of dynamical mean-field theory calculations of the dimer Hubbard model recently applied to VO2, which account for a continuous temperature dependence of the optical response of the VO2 in the insulating state.
Water chemistry reveals a significant decline in coral calcification rates in the southern Red Sea
Authors: Steiner Zvi , Turchyn Alexandra V. , Harpaz Eyal , Silverman Jacob 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExperimental and field evidence support the assumption that global warming and ocean acidification is decreasing rates of calcification in the oceans. Local measurements of coral growth rates in reefs from various locations have suggested a decline of ~6–10% per decade since the late 1990's. Here, by measuring open water strontium-to-alkalinity ratios along the Red Sea, we show that the net contribution of hermatypic corals to the CaCO3 budget of the southern and central Red Sea declined by ~100% between 1998 and 2015 and remained low between 2015 and 2018. Measured differences in total alkalinity of the Red Sea surface water indicate a 26 ± 16% decline in total CaCO3 deposition rates along the basin. These findings suggest that coral reefs of the southern Red Sea are under severe stress and demonstrate the strength of geochemical measurements as cost-effective indicators for calcification trends on regional scales.
Realization of vertical metal semiconductor heterostructures via solution phase epitaxy
Authors: Wang Xiaoshan , Wang Zhiwei , Zhang Jindong , Wang Xiang , Zhang Zhipeng , Wang Jialiang , Zhu Zhaohua , Li Zhuoyao , Liu Yao , Hu Xuefeng , Qiu Junwen , Hu Guohua , Chen Bo , Wang Ning , He Qiyuan , Chen Junze , Yan Jiaxu , Zhang Wei , Hasan Tawfique , Li Shaozhou , Li Hai , Zhang Hua , Wang Qiang , Huang Xiao , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe creation of crystal phase heterostructures of transition metal chalcogenides, e.g., the 1T/2H heterostructures, has led to the formation of metal/semiconductor junctions with low potential barriers. Very differently, post-transition metal chalcogenides are semiconductors regardless of their phases. Herein, we report, based on experimental and simulation results, that alloying between 1T-SnS2 and 1T-WS2 induces a charge redistribution in Sn and W to realize metallic Sn0.5W0.5S2 nanosheets. These nanosheets are epitaxially deposited on surfaces of semiconducting SnS2 nanoplates to form vertical heterostructures. The ohmic-like contact formed at the Sn0.5W0.5S2/SnS2 heterointerface affords rapid transport of charge carriers, and allows for the fabrication of fast photodetectors. Such facile charge transfer, combined with a high surface affinity for acetone molecules, further enables their use as highly selective 100 ppb level acetone sensors. Our work suggests that combining compositional and structural control in solution-phase epitaxy holds promises for solution-processible thin-film optoelectronics and sensors.
Co-activation of super-enhancer-driven CCAT1 by TP63 and SOX2 promotes squamous cancer progression
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Jiang Yan-Yi , Xie Jian-Jun , Mayakonda Anand , Hazawa Masaharu , Chen Li , Xiao Jin-Fen , Li Chun-Quan , Huang Mo-Li , Ding Ling-Wen , Sun Qiao-Yang , Xu Liang , Kanojia Deepika , Jeitany Maya , Deng Jian-Wen , Liao Lian-Di , Soukiasian Harmik J. , Berman Benjamin P. , Hao Jia-Jie , Xu Li-Yan , Li En-Min , Wang Ming-Rong , Bi Xin-Gang , Lin De-Chen , Koeffler H. Phillip 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSquamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are aggressive malignancies. Previous report demonstrated that master transcription factors (TFs) TP63 and SOX2 exhibited overlapping genomic occupancy in SCCs. However, functional consequence of their frequent co-localization at super-enhancers remains incompletely understood. Here, epigenomic profilings of different types of SCCs reveal that TP63 and SOX2 cooperatively and lineage-specifically regulate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CCAT1 expression, through activation of its super-enhancers and promoter. Silencing of CCAT1 substantially reduces cellular growth both in vitro and in vivo, phenotyping the effect of inhibiting either TP63 or SOX2. ChIRP analysis shows that CCAT1 forms a complex with TP63 and SOX2, which regulates EGFR expression by binding to the super-enhancers of EGFR, thereby activating both MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These results together identify a SCC-specific DNA/RNA/protein complex which activates TP63/SOX2-CCAT1-EGFR cascade and promotes SCC tumorigenesis, advancing our understanding of transcription dysregulation in cancer biology mediated by master TFs and super-enhancers.
Printing two-dimensional gallium phosphate out of liquid metal
Authors: Syed Nitu , Zavabeti Ali , Ou Jian Zhen , Mohiuddin Md , Pillai Naresh , Carey Benjamin J. , Zhang Bao Yue , Datta Robi S. , Jannat Azmira , Haque Farjana , Messalea Kibret A. , Xu Chenglong , Russo Salvy P. , McConville Chris F. , Daeneke Torben , Kalantar-Zadeh Kourosh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTwo-dimensional piezotronics will benefit from the emergence of new crystals featuring high piezoelectric coefficients. Gallium phosphate (GaPO4) is an archetypal piezoelectric material, which does not naturally crystallise in a stratified structure and hence cannot be exfoliated using conventional methods. Here, we report a low-temperature liquid metal-based two-dimensional printing and synthesis strategy to achieve this goal. We exfoliate and surface print the interfacial oxide layer of liquid gallium, followed by a vapour phase reaction. The method offers access to large-area, wide bandgap two-dimensional (2D) GaPO4 nanosheets of unit cell thickness, while featuring lateral dimensions reaching centimetres. The unit cell thick nanosheets present a large effective out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient of 7.5 ± 0.8 pm V−1. The developed printing process is also suitable for the synthesis of free standing GaPO4 nanosheets. The low temperature synthesis method is compatible with a variety of electronic device fabrication procedures, providing a route for the development of future 2D piezoelectric materials.
Single-bubble water boiling on small heater under Earth’s and low gravity
Authors: Elele Ezinwa , Shen Yueyang , Tang John , Lei Qian , Khusid Boris 
Published: August 2018

AbstractToday’s trends for enhancing boiling heat transfer in terrestrial and space applications focus on removal of bubbles to prevent formation of a vapor layer over the surface at high overheat. In contrast, this paper presents a new boiling regime that employs a vapor–air bubble residing on a small heater for minutes and driving cold water over the surface to provide high heat flux. Single-bubble boiling of water was investigated under normal gravity and low gravity in parabolic flights. Experiments demonstrated a negligible effect of gravity level on the rate of heat transfer from the heater. Due to self-adjustment of the bubble size, the heat flux provided by boiling rose linearly up with increasing heater temperature and was not affected by a gradually rising water temperature. The fast response and stable operation of single-bubble boiling over a broad range of temperatures pave the way for development of new devices to control heat transfer by forming surface domains with distinct thermal properties and wettability. The bubble lifetime can be adjusted by changing the water temperature. The ability of heating water on millimeter scales far above 100 °C without an autoclave or a powerful laser provides a new approach for processing of biomaterials and chemical reactions.
A tRNA-based multiplex sgRNA expression system in zebrafish and its application to generation of transgenic albino fish
Authors: Shiraki Tomoya , Kawakami Koichi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 system can be introduced into zebrafish as transgenes. Namely, expression of single-guide RNA (sgRNA) and controlled expression of Cas9 in transgenic zebrafish enables the study of gene functions in specific cell types. This transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 approach would be more useful if multiple sgRNAs could be expressed simultaneously since we could knock-out a gene more efficiently or disrupt multiple genes simultaneously. Here we describe a novel system to express multiple sgRNAs efficiently in zebrafish, that relies on the endogenous tRNA processing machinery. We cloned nine endogenous zebrafish tRNA genes, fused them to sgRNAs, and demonstrated that an active sgRNA can be produced from a precursor transcript containing either of these tRNAs. To show a proof of principle, we constructed transgenic fish expressing Cas9 under the control of the ubiquitin promoter and a single transcript containing three distinct sgRNAs, that targeted the slc45a2 (albino) gene, fused to tRNAs under the control of the U6 promoter. We found that the Tg(ubb:SpCas9,u6c:3xslc45a2-sgRNA) harbored mutations in all of the target sites in the albino gene and showed nearly complete albino phenotypes, which were amenable to imaging experiments. Thus, the tRNA-based multiplex sgRNA expression system should facilitate gene knock-out studies in transgenic zebrafish.
Ultracompact Graphene-Assisted Tunable Waveguide Couplers with High Directivity and Mode Selectivity
Authors: Meng Yuan , Hu Futai , Shen Yijie , Yang Yuanmu , Xiao Qirong , Fu Xing , Gong Mali 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGraphene distinguishes itself as a promising candidate for realizing tunable integrated photonic devices with high flexibility. We propose a set of ultracompact tunable on-chip waveguide couplers with mode-selectivity and polarization sensitivity around the telecom wavelength of 1.55 μm, under the configuration of graphene-laminated silicon waveguides patterned with gold nanoantennas. Versatile couplings can be achieved in a widely tunable fashion within a deep-subwavelength area (210 × 210 nm2), by marrying the advantages of tight field confinement in plasmonic antennas and the largely tunable carrier density of graphene. Incident light signals can be selectively coupled into different fundamental modes with good mode quality and high directionality exceeding 25 dB. Design scenarios for asymmetric couplings are presented, where the operation wavelength can be tuned across a 107-nm range around 1.55 mm by altering the chemical potential of graphene from 0 to 1.8 eV. Furthermore, the proposed schemes can be leveraged as mode-sensitive on-chip directional waveguide signal detectors with an extinction ratio over 10 dB. Our results provide a new paradigm upon graphene-assisted tunable integrated photonic applications.
Visual percepts modify iconic memory in humans
Authors: Sugita Yoichi , Hidaka Souta , Teramoto Wataru 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOur visual system briefly retains a trace of a stimulus after it disappears. This phenomenon is known as iconic memory and its contents are thought to be temporally integrated with subsequent visual inputs to produce a single composite representation. However, there is little consensus on the temporal integration between iconic memory and subsequent visual inputs. Here, we show that iconic memory revises its contents depending upon the configuration of the newly produced single representation with particular temporal characteristics. The Poggendorff illusion, in which two collinear line segments are perceived as non-collinear by an intervening rectangle, was observed when the rectangle was presented during a period spanning from 50 ms before to 200 ms after the presentation of the line segments. The illusion was most prominent when the rectangle was presented approximately 100 to 150 ms after the line segments. Furthermore, the illusion was observed at the center of a moving object, but only when the line segments were presented before the rectangle. These results indicate that the contents of iconic memory are susceptible to the modulatory influence of subsequent visual inputs before being translated into conscious perception in a time-locked manner both in retinotopic and non-retinotopic, object-centered frames of reference.
GM1 ganglioside prevents axonal regeneration inhibition and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Benady Amit , Freidin Dor , Pick Chaim G. , Rubovitch Vardit 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of neurological damage in young populations. It has been previously suggested that one of the mechanisms that underlie brain injury is Axonal Outgrowth Inhibition (AOI) that is caused by altered composition of the gangliosides on the axon surface. In the present study, we have found a significant reduction of GM1 ganglioside levels in the cortex in a closed head traumatic brain injury model of a mouse, induced by a weight drop device. In addition, axonal regeneration in the brains of the injured mice was affected as seen by the expression of the axonal marker pNF-H and the growth cones (visualized by F-actin and β-III-tubulin). NeuN immunostaining revealed mTBI-induced damage to neuronal survival. Finally, as expected, spatial and visual memories (measured by the Y-maze and the Novel Object Recognition tests, respectively) were also damaged 7 and 30 days post injury. A single low dose of GM1 shortly after the injury (2 mg/kg; IP) prevented all of the deficits mentioned above. These results reveal additional insights into the neuroprotective characteristics of GM1 in prevention of biochemical, cellular and cognitive changes caused by trauma, and may suggest a potential intervention for mTBI.
Ultra-Wideband Impulse Radar Through-Wall Detection of Vital Signs
Authors: Liang Xiaolin , Deng Jianqin , Zhang Hao , Gulliver Thomas Aaron 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a new system for the detection of human respiration behind obstacles using impulse ultra-wideband (UWB) radar. In complex environments, low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) as they can result in significant errors in the respiration, heartbeat frequency, and range estimates. To improve the performance, the complex signal demodulation (CSD) technique is extended by employing the signal logarithm and derivative. A frequency accumulation (FA) method is proposed to suppress mixed products of the heartbeat and respiration signals and spurious respiration signal harmonics. The respiration frequency is estimated using the phase variations in the received signal, and a discrete short-time Fourier transform (DSFT) is used to estimate the range. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated along with that of several well-known techniques in the literature.
Performance analysis of free space optical communication traffic integrated with passive optical network
Authors: Yeh C.H. , Chow C.W. , Gu C.S. , Guo B.S. , Cheng Y.J. , Chen J.H. 
Published: August 2018

In this Letter, a hybrid 10 Gbit/s on–off keying free space optics and passive optical network (FSO‐PON) system is proposed and demonstrated. The experimental received sensitivities are −18 and −20 dBm at the back to back (BtB) and after 25 km fibre transmission, respectively, with 5 m free space traffic link. In the proposed analysis, FSO‐PON system can support 32 and 16; and 8 and 4 remote optical wireless units for free space communication at BtB and after 25 km fibre link, respectively, when the free space transmission lengths are 150 and 300 m.
Effect of Heat Shock on the Expression of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Fukao Hideharu , Hagiya Yasuhiro , Ueshima Shigeru , Okada Kiyotaka , Takaishi Tomaoki , Izaki Sellichi , Matsuo Osamu 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWe investigated the effect of heat shock on the fibrinolytic potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture. When cultured at 43° C, the mRNA for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was dramatically induced within 120 min with a maximal induction of more than 90-fold compared with that in HUVECs cultured at 37° C. The level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) receptor (u-PAR) mRNA increased up to 2.2-fold in response to heat shock, which was associated with the increased u-PA binding and cell-surface u-PA activity determined by adding exogenous u-PA to acid-treated HUVECs. The increased u-PAR mRNA returned to normal level when HUVECs were further incubated at 37° C for 180 min, and this decline was not affected in the presence of actinomycin D. Though the secreted antigens for tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in the conditioned medium (CM) of HUVECs were simultaneously increased at 43° C during this period, the increase in the levels of t-PA (about 26.6-fold at 120 min) was greater than that of PAI-1 (1.8-fold at 120 min). The fibrinolytic activity of CM obtained from HUVECs at 43° C was significantly enhanced up to 3-fold, indicating that heat shock induced hyperfibrinolytic states in HUVECs. The secretion of u-PA into CM was also enhanced by heat shock. These results suggested that human endothelial cells respond to hyperthermia by inducing HSP70 followed by hyperfibrinolytic states with the enhanced expression of u-PAR as well as that of t-PA and u-PA.
Morphological Effects of Heat Stress on Cattle Kidney
Authors: Akosman Murat , Türkmenoğlu İsmail , Demirkan Aysun , Özdemir Vural , Akalan Mehmet 
Published: August 2018

Introduction Cattle kidney is an interesting organ because of its individual morphological structure and the mobility of the left kidney. The effects of heat stress on animal yield have been previously researched. However, no data could be obtained during the literature research about the effects of heat stress on the morphological structure of cattle kidneys.
Materials and Methods In the present study, morphometric measurements were performed on the left and right kidneys of male and female Holstein cattle. The kidney samples were collected in the summer and winter seasons to assess the effects of heat stress. A scale, water overflow, and a Mitutoyo CDN-P20PMX caliper (Mitutoyo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan) were used to obtain the morphological structural data of the total kidney, and stereological sampling methods with microscopy were performed to investigate the glomerulus density per unit area and the diameter of the glomerulus.
Results Morphological changes on the kidneys were observed after the measurements.
Conclusion It can be said that heat stress may cause morphologic changes on cattle kidneys.
Impact of the New American Hypertension Guidelines on the Prevalence of Postpartum Hypertension
Authors: Pudwell Jessica , Saade George , Smith Graeme 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability among women, with more than half occurring in individuals with hypertension. New blood pressure criteria for the diagnosis of hypertension from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association recognize that there is no specific blood pressure threshold that is associated with vascular disease. We performed a secondary analysis of two published postpartum databases (the Pre-Eclampsia New Emerging Team [PE-NET] cohort and the Maternal Health Clinic [MHC] cohort) to determine the impact of the change in blood pressure criteria on the diagnosis of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in women with uncomplicated pregnancies (PE-NET control) was 22% compared with 56.4% in those who have had a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia (PE, PE-NET patient) and 67.2% in those referred to the MHC due to a pregnancy complicated by any of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. It is well established that certain complications in pregnancy can reliably identify women with risk factors for future CVD. Thus, pregnancy and the postpartum afford a new opportunity for cardiovascular risk screening that could lead to lifestyle modification and therapeutic intervention. Applying the new guideline criteria at least doubles the prevalence of women with hypertension postpartum.
Perspektiven MSU
Authors: Brakutt Andrea 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter Physiotherapeuten belegt: Mehr als 50 % sehen
in der Anwendung des Muskuloskeletalen Ultraschalls (MSU) positive Auswirkungen
auf ihre Arbeit mit den Patienten und eine Verbesserung der Therapie. Die
Autorin stellt die Perspektiven für den zukünftigen Einsatz vor.