bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulatory responses of physiological and biochemical status are related to drought tolerance levels in peanut cultivars
Authors: Checchio M. V. , Bacha A. L. , Carrega W. C. , da Silveira Sousa Júnior G. , da Costa Aguiar Alves P. L. , Gratão P. L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the fourth most cultivated oilseed in the world, but its cultivation is subject to fluctuations in water demand. Current studies of tolerance between cultivars and physiological mechanisms involved in plant recovery after drought are insufficient for selection of tolerant cultivars.
We evaluated tolerance of different peanut cultivars to water deficit and subsequent rehydration, based on physiological and biochemical status. Gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, Fv/Fm, MDA, H2O2 and antioxidant enzyme activity were analysed.
Drought stress and rehydration triggered distinct changes in pigments, Fv/Fm, gas exchange, and H2O2 across genotypes, with increased MDA in all cultivars under stress. Based on multivariate analysis, ‘IAC Sempre Verde’ was identified as most drought sensitive, while ‘IAC OL3’, ‘IAC 503’, and ‘IAC OL6’ exhibited variations in physiological responses and antioxidant activity correlated to their respective tolerance levels. Notably, ‘IAC OL3’ had higher WUE and enhanced enzymatic defence and was classified as the most drought tolerant in this context.
The above findings suggest that antioxidant metabolism is a important factor for plant recovery post‐rehydration. Our study provides insights into antioxidant and physiological responses of peanut cultivars, which can support breeding programs for selection of drought‐tolerant genotypes. Future field studies should be conducted for a better understanding of tolerance of these cultivars, particularly through correlation of these data with crop yield impact.
How does government feel? Toward a theory of institutional pathos in public administration
Authors: Boswell John , Corbett Jack , Grube Dennis C. , Stein Mari‐Klara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the study of policy and administration, emotions are largely conceived as an exogenous factor that impacts on institutions and processes. Still ignored are the emotions felt and performed not just individually by civil servants, but collectively within government organizations. This article turns to insights on emotions from organizational studies to offer a conceptual framework through which to understand the lifeworld of government, or “institutional pathos.” It then applies this framework to an extreme case: Whitehall's response to the Brexit vote. Drawing on rich interview material from the Brexit Witness Archive, this article illustrates how the experience of individual and collective emotions deeply colored the work of British Government in delivering Brexit. The article concludes with a research agenda for public administration that foregrounds emotions.
Prospective evaluation of hospital‐acquired skin lesions in dogs: A case–control study
Authors: Gómez‐Soto Esther , Herrería‐Bustillo Vicente , Delhom‐Alcoy Pau , Oliver‐Ballester Carolina , Zapata‐Debón Tania , Martínez‐Molina Adrián , Ravera Iván 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundHospital‐related dermatological conditions are well‐studied and reported in human medicine. However, studies about these dermatological disorders in veterinary medicine are lacking.ObjectivesTo report the incidence, type and distribution of hospital‐acquired skin lesions (HASL) in dogs, and to investigate risk factors that may be associated with their development.AnimalsHospitalised client‐owned dogs with HASL and a control group of hospitalised dogs without skin lesions.Materials and MethodsProspective clinical evaluation of all HASL and dermatological tests, when indicated, were performed, over 6 months. A variety of potentially predisposing factors also were recorded.ResultsThirty‐one dogs with HASL and a matched control group of 60 hospitalised dogs without skin lesions were included. The incidence of HASL was 11.2% (31 of 278). The most common lesion was erythema in 74.2% of dogs (23 of 31) and the most affected area was the abdomen in 58.1% (18 of 31) of dogs. Faecal and/or urinary incontinence was identified as an important risk factor for the development of skin lesions during hospitalisation (odds ratio 14.445, 95% confidence interval 1.444–144.479, p = 0.023). Immobilisation and changes in body temperature also may play a role in the development of such lesions in dogs.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceFaecal and/or urinary incontinence was found to be an important factor in the development of HASL. The impact of HASL on patient outcomes and the prevention of these lesions requires further investigation.
The alarmin, interleukin‐33, increases vascular tone via extracellular signal regulated kinase‐mediated Ca2+ sensitization and endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibition
Authors: DeVallance Evan , Bowdridge Elizabeth , Garner Krista , Griffith Julie , Seman Madison , Batchelor Thomas , Velayutham Murugesan , Goldsmith W. Travis , Hussain Salik , Kelley Eric E. , Nurkiewicz Timothy R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlarmins are classified by their release from damaged or ruptured cells. Many alarmins have been found to increase vascular tone and oppose endothelium‐dependent dilatation (EDD). Interleukin (IL)‐33 plays a prominent role in lung injury and can be released during vascular injury and in chronic studies found to be cardioprotective. Our recent work has implicated IL‐33 in acute vascular dysfunction following inhalation of engineered nanomaterials (ENM). However, the mechanisms linking IL‐33 to vascular tone have not been interrogated. We therefore aimed to determine whether IL‐33 directly influenced microvascular tone and endothelial function. Isolated feed arteries and in vivo arterioles from male and female Sprague–Dawley rats were used to determine direct vascular actions of IL‐33. Mesenteric feed arteries and arterioles demonstrated reduced intraluminal diameters when treated with increasing concentrations of recombinant IL‐33. IL‐33 activated extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 of rat aortic smooth muscle cells but not phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase. This suggested IL‐33 may sensitize arterioles to Ca2+‐mediated responses. Indeed, IL‐33 augmented the myogenic‐ and phenylephrine‐induced vasoconstriction. Additionally, incubation of arterioles with 1 ng IL‐33 attenuated ACh‐mediated EDD. Mechanistically, in human aortic endothelial cells, we demonstrate that IL‐33‐mediated ERK1/2 activation leads to inhibitory phosphorylation of serine 602 on endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Finally, we demonstrate that IL‐33‐ERK1/2 contributes to vascular tone following two known inducers of IL‐33; ENM inhalation and the rupture endothelial cells. The present study provides novel evidence that IL‐33 increases vascular tone via canonical ERK1/2 activation in microvascular smooth muscle and endothelium. Altogether, it is suggested IL‐33 plays a critical role in microvascular homeostasis following barrier cell injury.
imageKey points
Interleukin (IL)‐33 causes a concentration‐dependent reduction in feed artery diameter.
IL‐33 acts on vascular smooth muscle cells to augment Ca2+‐mediated processes.
IL‐33 causes inhibitory phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and opposes endothelium‐dependent dilatation.
Engineered nanomaterial‐induced lung injury and endothelial cell rupture in part act through IL‐33 to mediate increased vascular tone.
Nucleation of Fracture: The First-Octant Evidence Against Classical Variational Phase-Field Models
Authors: Kamarei Farhad , Dolbow John E. , Lopez-Pamies Oscar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As a companion work to [1], this article presents a series of simple formulae and explicit results that illustrate and highlight why classical variational phase-field models cannot possibly predict fracture nucleation in elastic brittle materials. The focus is on “tension-dominated” problems where all principal stresses are nonnegative, that is, problems taking place entirely within the first octant in the space of principal stresses.
Experimental Performance Analysis of R410A Heat Pump System in Northeastern US Winter Climates
Authors: Rob S M Abdur , Garraway David , Turbeville Geoffrey , Ramamurthy Prathap , Gonzalez-Cruz Jorge E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This work is motivated by the accelerated pathways to decarbonize our cities. New York City (NYC) is a key example with local law 97 which calls to decarbonize the city by 2050. One of the major sources of carbon emissions is the usage of natural gas and oil for space heating. Air source heat pump (ASHP) systems can replace the natural gas-based heating systems due in large to their deployable in existing buildings. However, a major drawback of ASHP systems is that the performance decreases significantly when outdoor temperature becomes extremely low. It is therefore imperative for comprehensive studies on the performance of ASHP systems in cold climates to determine deployability. In this study, the performance of variable capacity ASHP using R410A refrigerant was investigated in the Northeastern US winter climate, specifically for NYC. A complete laboratory setup was built to simulate the extreme outdoor winter conditions similar to NYC temperatures in January 2022. First law and second law analyses were conducted including a comprehensive exergy analysis. The study reveals that the coefficient of performance (COP) increases from 2.53 to 3.81 when the outdoor temperature increases from 16 °F to 50 °F. The compressor has the highest exergy losses followed by the condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. The power consumption of the system decreases significantly with the increase in outdoor temperature. This study provides insights into the feasibility and challenges of deploying air source heat pump systems in the NYC winter climates.
Effect of Variation of the Aspect Ratio of Rectangular Twisted Tapes Inserted in a Circular Pipe on the Thermal Performance
Authors: Paul Koustav , Pradhan Kaustav , Mandal Bijan Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of the aspect ratio of the cross section of a rectangular twisted tape on the laminar heat transfer characteristics inside an isothermally heated circular pipe. Detailed three-dimensional simulations reveal facts that would be difficult to estimate otherwise. A novel study of the evolution of the axial and secondary velocity fields as well as the temperature field within the pipe is presented to understand the flow physics behind the heat transfer enhancement. The three-dimensional simulation results are used to accurately calculate the portion of the total energy of the flow that is converted to secondary kinetic energy. In addition to the Nusselt number and friction factor, three parameters, viz. relative increase in heat transfer coefficient, relative increase in pressure drop, and thermo-hydraulic performance factor are used to quantify the effect of the twisted tape. While both the heat transfer and the pressure drop increase with a decrease in the twist ratio (TR), the thermo-hydraulic performance factor (THPF) is found to become almost independent of TR as the aspect ratio (AR) decreases to low values. It is inferred from the present results that although a twisted tape with a small pitch and large aspect ratio enhances heat transfer performance, a lower aspect ratio may provide a better option from a power requirement perspective. Hence, this work shows, for the first time, that a square-like cross section of the twisted tape could be advantageous.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Boundary Layer of a High-Lift Low-Pressure Turbine Cascade Under Periodic Wakes With Different Flow Coefficients
Authors: Sun Shuang , Tan Tianrong , Huang Zhen , Sun Xiaopeng , Lu Lehan , Wang Maomao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the boundary layer on the suction surface of a low-pressure turbine (LPT) subjected to upstream wakes with three different unsteady flow cases, characterized by the variation of flow coefficients. The unsteady behaviors of the boundary layer on the LPT suction surface are studied numerically and experimentally. The Reynolds number in the cascade is constant. Three flow coefficients are achieved by varying the bar speed, while the cascade's outlet velocity remains stable across the three test cases. The wake shapes under the three flow coefficients are captured by numerical simulation, and the instantaneous characteristics of the boundary layer are analyzed by hot-film test data and numerical results. The wake can be divided into a center and a tail, each with different effects on boundary layer multimode transitions. The wake center promotes the separation bubble breakdown, inducing wake-induced transition. Klebanoff streaks, formed by shear sheltering at the blade's leading edge, accelerate wake-induced transition by breaking down vortices in the interaction between the wake tail and the boundary layer. Under the three different flow coefficients, the wake shapes are different, resulting in a difference in the intensity and development of the Klebanoff streaks. The interactions among the Klebanoff streaks and roll-up vortices, the wake shapes, and the timing of Klebanoff streak involvement in the wake-induced transitions are important coupled factors. Additionally, the flow coefficient can change the factors, resulting in different wake-induced transitions, which should be considered in the design of high-lift LPTs.
Unsteady Flow Mechanism of Impeller Stall Inception in a High-Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressor With Bleed Slots
Authors: Fujisawa Nobumichi , Yamamoto Yuta , Ohta Yutaka , Ogino Atsushi , Nakayama Ryo , Kitamura Eijiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The impeller stall inception in a high-pressure ratio centrifugal compressor with bleed slots was investigated by experiments and unsteady numerical analysis. This study reported that the flow instability of the internal flow was first initiated around the leading edge of the splitter blades and finally resulted in tip leakage flow instability at the leading edge of the main blades. The impeller stall consisted of a stall cell and rotated about 70% of the impeller rotational speed. Furthermore, a pressure disturbance occurs at the splitter blade leading edge before the main blade leading edge. The blockage within the passage of the suction side at the leading edge of the splitter blade was first increased because the leading-edge separation on the suction surface of the splitter blade was enlarged. The blockage within the passage of the pressure side was increased after that of the suction side stopped increasing. Therefore, the blockage development of both pressure and suction passage at the leading edge of the splitter blade was the main cause of the stall inception. Then, a longitudinal vortex was formed near the bleed slots and blocked the mainstream near tip side. Subsequently, the reverse flow region in the inducer was developed and extended to the impeller inlet. Finally, the flow angle to the main blade increased, the spillage occurred at a leading edge of a main blade, and the rotating stall was generated. The cause of impeller instability was the separation of the suction surface of the splitter blade and the formation of a stagnation region on the pressure surface at the splitter leading edge.
Rewriting the Ratcheting Stress Limits
Authors: Seipp Trevor G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The 2023 Edition of ASME Section VIII, Division 2 states that the allowable limit on the primary plus secondary stress range, SPS, is the larger of 3 times the average of the S values at the highest and lowest temperatures during the operational cycle or 2 times the average of the Sy values at the highest and lowest temperatures during the operational cycle. The upcoming 2025 Edition is proposed to drop the 3S limit and replace it with a single limit of cold yield plus hot yield. This paper discusses the historical context for the 3S limit, and the technical rationale and justification for this proposed change.
Historically, the Criteria Document from 1972 defined the ratcheting limit strictly in terms of yield, going so far as to state that “a calculated elastic stress range equal to twice the yield stress has a very special significance”. This document goes further to define 2Sy as the stress range limit for primary-plus-secondary membrane-plus-bending. However, at the very end of the document, it is noted that the “design” value for the pre-2007 ASME Section VIII, Division 2 is only with respect to the allowable stress, and therefore as a final step the 2Sy limit is converted to a 3S limit. It was only between the 2001 Edition and the 2004 Edition when the 3S limit was updated to have a form similar to the form that exists in the 2023 Edition, noting that the S in 3S referred to the average of the tabulated values of the material at the highest and lowest temperatures of the cycle, as well as adding 2 times the average of the Sy values at the highest and lowest temperatures during the operational cycle to the limit definition.
The technical justification for this proposed change includes the historical context, where ratcheting is defined purely in terms of yield, since it is a yield-based failure mode. The justification also examines the removal of the limitation in the 2023 Edition that the yield-based criteria cannot be used when the yield-to-ultimate ratio is greater than 0.7. The justification continues to discuss the situation for materials that cyclically-soften. Finally, the justification discusses the consistency between the proposed limit format, which is appropriate for temperatures below the creep regime, and a comparable limit format for when the hot temperatures are in the creep regime.
Effect of Interrupting Master Curve Fracture Toughness Tests for a Material Exhibiting Ductile Crack Growth at the KJc Between KJclimit and the Final KJc at Test Termination
Authors: Yamamoto Masato , Kirk Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Master Curve (MC) standard ASTM E1921 [1] employs two different censoring requirements on measured fracture toughness values (KJc) to avoid the combined effects of (#1) excessive plastic deformation, and (#2) ductile crack growth (DCG) on the evaluated reference temperature (T0). While the limit and censoring values for (#1) are given as a single value of KJclimit, they are different for (#2). The second limit is currently determined as the moment when DCG exceeds a specified value, without knowing the exact applied KJ corresponding to that amount of DCG, a value called KJcDCG in this paper. A conservative value of KJcΔa, which E1921 defines as the maximum of all uncensored KJc values in the dataset, is used by E1921 instead of the unknown KJcDCG. If both the KJclimit and DCG requirements are violated, KJcΔa is most likely selected as the censoring value. Censoring using the lower KJcΔa value rather than KJcDCG (see nomenclature and introduction for detail of difference in those two values) may produce an unnecessary conservative (i.e., artificially high) T0 or T0Q value when KJclimit is less than KJcDCG.
In the present study, interrupting the test at the moment the applied KJ exceeds KJclimit is proposed to distinguish whether KJclimit or KJcDCG is lower, so that KJclimit would be used as the censoring value when the KJclimit &lt; KJcDCG. A series of Monte-Carlo simulations with synthetic KJc data reveal that the proposed procedure always produces an estimate of T0Q closer to the true T0 than the existing E1921 procedure, especially when the number of uncensored KJc values is small. A demonstration of how this procedure would work in a laboratory testing situation is provided using the test temperature selection procedure described in PVP2022-82754 [2). The proposed censoring procedure refines the T0Q estimation and the test temperature selection, contributing to a stable estimation of T0Q that is close to the true T0 with only a few sampled KJc values. Identification of a better T0Q estimate early in the testing sequence helps reduce the number of tests needed to achieve a valid T0. This is practically advantageous especially when testing limited quantities of irreproducible materials (for example: in surveillance testing of nuclear reactor pressure vessel steels).
Creep-Rupture Prediction of Inconel 617 Using a Python-Based Machine-Learning Approach
Authors: Haque Mohammad Shafinul , Al Kadri Zakia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Creep rupture data is only sometimes readily available at the desired temperature or stress levels, and performing creep tests can be both time-consuming and expensive. Creep-rupture data from various sources are often combined for model calibration and validation. However, such combined data may overlap or exhibit a wide scatter band because of different metadata factors. A small change in chemical composition may affect the creep properties creating a large variation in the rupture data. Advances in data mining techniques make it possible to use machine learning to consider metadata such as the chemical composition of different heats in modeling for improved prediction. In this study, a Python-based machine-learning approach is applied to predict the creep rupture of alloy Inconel 617. Data from five different sources (General Electric Company (GE), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), German HTGR, Huntington Alloy, and Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)) which encompasses multiple heats are used. Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and Spearman Correlation Coefficient (SCC) are employed to identify the dominant chemical elements and operating conditions (stress) influencing creep rupture. Six different regression methods (Random Forest Regression (RF), Linear Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Gradient Boosting Regression (GB)) are used for model training. The resulting prediction curve is validated against data not used in calibration. A detailed flow diagram elucidating the methodology is also provided.