bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Codified Corporate Governance Practices in the Banking Industry: The Case Study of Bangladesh
Authors: Suzuki Yasushi , Hasan A K M Kamrul 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Introducing a well-designed system of corporate governance is considered an effective tool to ensure the stability and resilience of a banking system. It was in 2006 when Bangladesh initiated its first corporate governance code (CG code). Despite trying to meet the code of enhancing the internal monitoring mechanisms and transparency in governance, it is apparent that the quality in bank credit portfolios continuously deteriorated. This paper aims to empirically analyze the impact of adopting the CG code on performance for eight years (2010–2017) of 21 major commercial banks of Bangladesh. In this case study, we suggest that the CG code may have given the Bangladeshi commercial banks an ill-incentive for the reduction of executive directors under the pressure of meeting a guideline to increase the ratio of independent directors. This incentive structure had a negative impact on bank performance during the period. Another finding is that the fundamental structure of ownership and control by sponsor directors remained unchanged during the period. This structure of maintaining the control of power by a group with its vested interest may have hindered the effectiveness of the CG code in Bangladesh. We suggest that the agenda of CG practices should go together with a policy for mitigating a potential bias under the ownership concentration because any attempt of adopting codified CG practices would be futile under the fundamental structure in Bangladesh.
Determinants of Public Indebtedness in European Union Countries
Authors: Kudła Janusz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe paper strives to determine the impact of fiscal variables on factors determining the dynamics of public debt in European Union countries. Based on the literature, the dynamics of public debt are determined by changes of three elements: the primary balance, interest-rate-growth-differential and the change of government assets. Therefore, it seems reasonable to estimate the dynamics of these three values to find the variables crucial for limiting the growth of public debt. Three groups of dynamic panel regressions were estimated based on the one-step Generalized Method of Moments. The data was collected for the 1995-2015 period for 27 EU countries. Dependent variables included: primary balance, interest-rate-growth-differential and change of government assets. Independent variables consisted of: interest payable to GDP ratio, unemployment rate, squared unemployment rate, FDI stock to GDP, net FDI inflow to GDP, general government expenditures to GDP, share of social security expenditures and openness of the economy measured by the ratio of export and import to GDP. On the basis of statistical data, three components of debt changes were distinguished, and estimations of the dynamic panel regressions were applied to find the impact of independent variables. According to the basic models, the primary balance is lower for: countries with higher unemployment, greater FDI stock and higher general government expenditures. The interest-rate-growth-differential is lower in the case of: high subsidies and for a more open economy. However, unemployment and FDI remain the most important determinants of this variable. The change of government’s assets ratio decreases as FDI net inflows or the share of expenditures to GDP increase as well as in the case of very high unemployment.
Principle of Vat Neutrality and the Reverse Charge Mechanism
Authors: Famulska Teresa , Rogowska-Rajda Beata 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe principle of VAT neutrality is among the fundamental characteristics of this tax. It is implemented through reduction of VAT output by the amount of VAT input. The right of deduction constitutes an integral part of the VAT mechanism and is intended to free the entrepreneur entirely from the burden of VAT paid for the goods and services purchased within the framework of business activity. However, in certain situations it is possible to shift the obligation to pay VAT to the customer being a taxable person by introducing a reverse charge mechanism. The purpose of the article is to identify the relationship between the implementation of the principle of VAT neutrality and the reverse charge mechanism. The conducted analysis of the essence and functioning of the reverse charge and the detailed findings drawn on its basis allow us to conclude generally that this mechanism does not affect implementation of this principle.
Arithmetic Operations on Short Finite Sequences
Authors: Ziobro Rafał 
Published: February 2019

Summary
In contrast to other proving systems Mizar Mathematical Library, considered as one of the largest formal mathematical libraries [4], is maintained as a single base of theorems, which allows the users to benefit from earlier formalized items [3], [2]. This eventually leads to a development of certain branches of articles using common notation and ideas. Such formalism for finite sequences has been developed since 1989 [1] and further developed despite of the controversy over indexing which excludes zero [6], also for some advanced and new mathematics [5].
The article aims to add some new machinery for dealing with finite sequences, especially those of short length.
Some Remarks about Product Spaces
Authors: Koch Sebastian 
Published: February 2019

Summary
This article covers some technical aspects about the product topology which are usually not given much of a thought in mathematics and standard literature like [7] and [6], not even by Bourbaki in [4].
Let {Ti}i∈I
be a family of topological spaces. The prebasis of the product space T = ∏
i∈I Ti
is defined in [5] as the set of all π
−1

i
(V) with i ∈ I and V open in Ti
. Here it is shown that the basis generated by this prebasis consists exactly of the sets ∏
i∈I Vi
with Vi
open in Ti
and for all but finitely many i ∈ I holds Vi
= Ti
. Given I = {a} we have T ≅ Ta
, given I = {a, b} with a≠ b we have T ≅ Ta ×Tb
. Given another family of topological spaces {Si}i∈I
such that Si
≅ Ti
for all i ∈ I, we have S = ∏
i∈I Si
≅ T. If instead Si
is a subspace of Ti
for each i ∈ I, then S is a subspace of T.
These results are obvious for mathematicians, but formally proven here by means of the Mizar system [3], [2].
Evaluation of Natural Attractions of the Island of Gran Canaria for Geoscience Tourism Requirements
Authors: Schejbal Ctirad , Michalík David 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The study analyzes the natural attractions of the island of Gran Canaria and subsequently how to improve their usability for tourism. In the analysis, such natural attractions were chosen like natural monuments and beaches belonging to the Blue Flag programme. Other natural attractions were chosen according to their originality. The assessment of the selected attractive places is based partly on quantified criteria (distance, elevation, area, length, etc.), and on expert assessments using the criteria that affect the properties of the evaluated objects relevant to tourism. The principles of description of the selected indicators for the evaluated attractions vary by type of objects and the existing conditions of their spatial distribution and tourism facilities. The proposed methodology for evaluating natural attractions has proven suitable for the needs of the selection of attractions for geoscience and montanistic tourism products. The necessary data are readily obtainable both from maps and from our own observations. On the basis of the analysis, certain modifications of the selected attractions were recommended, and an cognitive excursion route oriented on natural attractive places of the island was designed.
Creation of the Web Service of Ukraine’s National Natural Parks as an Instrument for the Analysis of Territories and Determining Issues in the Administration and Land Use of Territories
Authors: Bugaenko I. S. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The paper focuses on the development and implementation of an electronic cadastre for territories of all National Natural Parks (NPPs); the creation of effective mechanism for registration, monitoring and research of NPP territories, etc., using GIS-technologies. Geographic information systems (GIS) are used by the countries across the world to create conditions for predicted development and sustainable land use to increase the efficiency of management of territories within the NPPs, and the improvement of the natural environment (NE) in leading countries of the world.
Can We Abandon a Traditional Irrigation in the Ouakda Oasis (Algeria)?
Authors: Remini Boualem , Rezzoug Cherif 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Can we abandon traditional irrigation to the detriment of modern irrigation in the oasis of Ouakda? This is the question we pose in this study. Indeed, based on three missions carried out in the oasis of Ouakda during the years 2013, 2015 and 2016, we made visits and investigations to ancestral works as well as surveys of the local population. The results indicate that the Ksourian population irrigated the gardens and the palm grove by surface and underground water. Two ancestral dams made on the Bechar River for irrigation the gardens of the lower part. On the other hand, the foggaras irrigated the upper part of the palm grove. Today, new land has been built on the upper part of the palm grove. Thanks to new hydraulic techniques such as drilling and motor pumps, modern agriculture has developed on the other side of the palm grove to the detriment of oasis agriculture.
Water Supply Status in Rural Areas of the Mekong Delta and Development Measures
Authors: Chi Nguyen Thuy Lan , Dao Phan , Kyncl Miroslav 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Rural people in the Mekong Delta (MD) use surface water from rivers and canals for daily activities; and in areas far from the canals, people use rainwater for cooking and drinking. In certain areas, people use shallow layered groundwater and deep layered groundwater from drilled wells 80m – 100m deep. The quality of water used in daily activities of rural people is almost uncontrolled. Somewhere water supply systems are used, but they have been built over many periods, certain ones for over 50 years ago, thus having a lot of damage and many deposits, causing loss of pressure and huge loss of water. The issue of repairing, replacing and installing more water supply networks in urban areas is facing lots of financial, technical difficulties.
Acute Phase Proteins – As Indicators of Claw Diseases in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Ilievska Ksenija , Atanasov Branko , Dovenski Toni , Smolac Ozren , Stojanov Boris , Trojachanec Plamen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The serum concentration of certain acute phase proteins significantly increases during various pathological conditions in cattle. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of claw disorders etiology on the concentrations of two major acute phase proteins in dairy cattle: haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid protein A (SAA). Fifty dairy cows with claw pathology were included. Fourteen clinically healthy heifers served as controls. The animals were subdivided in 5 groups according to the pathological findings on their claws: 1. Heel horn erosion (HE), 2. Acute laminitis (AL), 3. Sole ulcer (SU), 4. Digital dermatitis (DD) and 5. White line separation (WLS). Hp and SAA concentrations were measured in serum samples using commercial ELISA kits. Higher concentrations of both Hp and SAA were found in the AL and SU groups (p<0.01) compared to the HE, DD and WLS and control groups. Dairy cows in the DD group had higher (p<0.05) Hp and SAA concentrations than the HE and WLS groups and the controls. The serum values between the HE, WLS and the control group did not differ significantly. The presented results indicate that the claw diseases are associated with a systemic acute phase response. Hp and SAA could be used as valuable biomarkers for early detection of claw diseases in dairy cows.
Emperipolesis: Sternal and Femoral Microenvironment Induces Megakaryiocyte Emperipolesis in the Wistar Strain
Authors: Suljević Damir , Filipić Filip , Islamagić Erna 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Emperipolesis is considered a physiological phenomena often present in various pathophysiological conditions, but its etiology is still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the number of megakaryocytes and the percentage of emperipoletic cells in the sternal and femoral bone marrow of Wistar rats. Five types in the thrombopoiesis lineage (megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocytes and megakaryocytes - acidophilic, basophilic and thrombocytogenic) were determined. Except for basophilic megakaryocytes, significant differences were found for number of thrombopoietic cells in the sternal and femoral bone marrow. A larger number of thrombocytogenic megakaryocytes were present in the sternal bone marrow. Emperipoletic cells were significantly present in the femoral compared to the sternal bone marrow. Emperipolesis was typical for lymphocytes and neutrophils individually, while emperipolesis with two or more cells within thrombopoietic cell was also present (1-7 %) and significant differences between the sternal and femoral bone marrow were detected. Emperipolesis was found in all analysed rats and it most commonly occured within mature megakaryocytes and rarely megakaryoblasts, while it was not recorded in the promegakaryocytes. The high incidence of megakaryocytes with emperopolesis in rats could be a consequence of “normal” cell retention in the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes while passing blood cells to circulation or related to haematopoietic response due to high incidence of inbreeding.
Estimation of optical parameters of silicon single crystals with different orientations
Authors: El-Nahass M.M. , Ali H.A.M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Optical properties of Si single crystals with different orientations (1 0 0) and (1 1 1) were investigated using spectrophotometric measurements in a spectral range of 200 nm to 2500 nm. The data of optical absorption revealed an indirect allowed transition with energy gap of 1.1 ± 0.025 eV. An anomalous dispersion in refractive index. The normal dispersion of the refractive index was discussed according to Wemple-DiDomenico single oscillator model. The oscillator energy Eo, dispersion energy Ed, high frequency dielectric constant ∈∞, lattice dielectric constant ∈L and electronic polarizability α
e were estimated. The real ∈1 and imaginary ∈2 parts of dielectric constant were also determined.
Aging effect of the precursor solution on the structural, morphological and opto-electrical properties of spray deposited CdO thin films
Authors: Raja N. , Nagarethinam V.S. , Balu A.R. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Nanostructured CdO thin films have been prepared on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis technique using perfume atomizer from fresh and aged (1, 2, 3 and 4 days) precursor solutions. XRD studies confirm that all the films exhibit cubic crystal structure with a (1 1 1) preferential orientation. The preferential orientation factor f(1 1 1) increases with an increase in aging the period of precursor solution. The 2θ value of the (1 1 1) plane shifts towards lower Bragg angles with aging inferring an expansion in the lattice volume of the aged films. Increased crystallite size is observed for the 3-days aged film for which minimum strain and dislocation density values are obtained. Optical transparency increases with an increase in aging period of the precursor solution and the optical band gap exhibits a red shift from 2.48 eV to 2.32 eV. Minimum resistivity of 0.78 × 10−2 Ω·cm is observed for the CdO film prepared from 3-days aged solution. The obtained results infer that the CdO film prepared from 3-days aged solution exhibits better physical properties than the others.
Machine Vision System Measuring the Trajectory of Upper Limb Motion Applying the Matlab Software
Authors: Kuryło Piotr , Pivarčiová Elena , Cyganiuk Joanna , Frankovský Peter 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of possibilities for applying a machine vision in the measurement of the trajectory of the upper limb movement in rehabilitation exercises. The fundamental presumption of designed system was to get the image from the camera’s CCD processor, possibilities of measuring and its processing. As a result of the application system, it is possible to dynamically determine the radius between the shoulder and forearm, and also the angle between the shoulder and the chest of the man, as function of the limb motion. The created system gives the possibility to use a non-invasive method of measurement, allows visualization and full analysis of the rehabilitation progress and also allows keeping electronic records of patients.
Positioner and the Procedure for Measuring Spatial Characteristics
Authors: Drga Rudolf , Janáčová Dagmar , Palenčár Rudolf , Ďuriš Stanislav 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The present work focuses on the solution of management of measuring spatial characteristics of security detectors using a positioner, a precision manipulator. It deals with program management software in LabView. Graphical programming with subroutines, which are described as virtual instruments, is used. There are published results of measurements of the spatial characteristics of the PIR detector, where it is preferably used as the measuring station.
Diagnosis of the Accuracy of the Vehicle Scale Using Neural Network
Authors: Kliment Tomáš , Markovič Jaromír , Šmigura Dušan , Adam Peter 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The article describes a method for diagnosing the accuracy of the vehicle scale without using standard weights. The novel method defines the possibility to estimate whether the scale would pass the test for error of indication in the next verification or not, only by using the results from simple tests with load of estimated weight and appropriate classifier. The method is primarily developed for users of these scales. Created classifier is based on the neural network algorithm. The neural network was trained with data from verifications, which are provided by Slovak Legal Metrology. Well trained classifier can provide not only information whether the scale will potentially pass the mentioned test or not, but reliability which is associated with this result as well. In this way, the user has valuable information about the scale in the period between the verifications.
Measurement of Aerodynamic and Acoustic Quantities Describing Flow around a Body Placed in a Wind Tunnel
Authors: Mahdal Miroslav , Dobeš Josef , Kozubková Milada 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Aerodynamically generated noise affects passenger comfort in cars, high-speed trains, and airplanes, and thus, automobile manufacturers aim for its reduction. Investigation methods of noise and vibration sources can be divided into two groups, i.e. experimental research and mathematical research. Recently, owing to the increase in computing power, research in aerodynamically generated noise (aero-acoustics) is beginning to use modern methods such as computational fluid dynamics or fluid-structure interaction. The mathematical model of turbulent flow is given by the system of partial differential equations, its solution is ambiguous and thus requires verification by physical experiment. The results of numerical methods are affected by the boundary conditions of high quality gained from the actual experiment. This article describes an application of complex measurement methodology in the aerodynamic and acoustic (vibro-acoustic) fields. The first part of the paper is focused on the specification of the experimental equipment, i.e. the wind tunnel, which was significantly upgraded in order to obtain the relevant aerodynamics and vibro-acoustics data. The paper presents specific results from the measurement of the aerodynamic and vibro-acoustic fields.
Influence of the Main Filter on QRS-amplitude and Duration in Human Electrocardiogram
Authors: Vranić Ivana , Vranić Ivona , Antić Boris , Stojanović Goran , Al-Salami Hani 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Accurate measurement of electrocardiograms (ECG) is critical for effective diagnosis of patient’s cardiac functions. Detailed examination of filters’ effects on ECG accuracy, reproducibility and robustness covering a wide range of available commercial products can provide valuable information on the relationship between quality and effectiveness of filters, and assessments of patients’ cardiac functions. In this study, ECG device with 12 leads and built-in filters used for ECG measurements was assessed on human volunteers. Results showed that with respect to measuring QRS wave duration and R-amplitude variation, there was a 4 % inaccuracy when the main filter was ON and OFF, and R-amplitude variation was most pronounced in the V4 lead. Accordingly, variability of R-amplitude and length of QRS wave can be reduced by the use of appropriate lead, and filter activation during the ECG assessment.
Optimization Paradigm in the Signal Recovery after Compressive Sensing
Authors: Michaeli Linus , Šaliga Ján , Dolinský Pavol , Andráš Imrich 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Compressive sensing is a processing approach aiming to reduce the data stream from the observed object with the inherent sparsity using the optimal signal models. The compression of the sparse input signal in time or in the transform domain is performed in the transmitter by the Analog to Information Converter (AIC). The recovery of the compressed signal using optimization based on the differential evolution algorithm is presented in the article as an alternative to the faster pseudoinverse algorithm. Pseudoinverse algorithm results in an unambiguous solution associated with lower compression efficiency. The selection of the mathematically appropriate signal model affects significantly the compression efficiency. On the other hand, the signal model influences the complexity of the algorithm in the receiving block. The suitability of both recovery methods is studied on examples of the signal compression from the passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors or the ECG bioelectric signals.
Knowledge and Attitude of Hungarian Athletes towards Long-term Sports Injuries
Authors: Szabó Tünde , Stocker Miklós , Győrffy Balázs , Nemes András 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term sports injuries, their prevalence, general identification of and consultation about injuries, and the knowledge among Hungarian athletes related to injury prevention. A questionnaire was designed to survey athletes regarding these topics. Olympic medal winners, nationally selected athletes, and amateur athletes were surveyed, and altogether 502 completed questionnaires were obtained. The data was analyzed with the Chi-square test for dichotomous variables and the Kruskal-Wallis H-test for questions with the Likert scale to try the statistical power of the hypotheses. The results of our analysis show that athletes suffer injuries regardless of their level of play, and that athletes regard their sports to be moderately dangerous. Most athletes would compete despite the risk of permanent injury; they compete with injuries mostly of their own volition; and they will risk potential injuries or long-term health damage to gain exceptional outcomes. Success is the first and foremost desire of athletes, and the risk of injuries or even long-term health damage does not play an important role in the value system of Hungarian athletes. Sport managers and officers of sport federations must be made aware that the first line of prevention of sport injuries is comprehensive medical consultation with proper medical coverage.