bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colposcopy Evaluation at the Time of Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure May Avoid Unnecessary Treatment
Authors: Munmany Meritxell , Torné Aureli , Nonell Roser , Barnadas Esther , Luqui Nerea , Ordi Jaume , del Pino Marta 
Published: June 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of colposcopy evaluation at the time of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) to identify women with a previous confirmatory diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesion/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (SIL/CIN) with low probability of dysplasia in the LEEP specimen.

Materials and Methods
We prospectively recruited a cohort of 162 women undergoing LEEP for histological high-grade SIL/CIN 2–3 or low-grade SIL/CIN 1 with high-grade SIL cytology showing a fully visible squamocolumnar junction in the colposcopy evaluation at the time of LEEP. At the referral visit cervical cytology, human papillomavirus and genotype detection, digital colposcopy, colposcopical lesion measurement, and 1 or more biopsies of the transformation zone were obtained. The uterine cervix was colposcopically evaluated intraoperatively.

Results
Thirty-four women (21.0%) had a normal colposcopy evaluation at the time of the LEEP, whereas the remaining 128 women showed abnormal findings. Absence of SIL/CIN in the LEEP specimen was confirmed in 28 (82.3%) of the 34 women with a normal colposcopy at the time of LEEP group and 8 (3.1%) of the 128 women showing abnormal colposcopy at the time of LEEP group (p < .001). A normal colposcopic evaluation at the time of LEEP was associated with an increase in the risk of absence of lesion in the cone specimen compared with cases presenting an abnormal colposcopy (95% CI = 33.8–1,555.1, p < .001). The colposcopy evaluation at the time of LEEP had a positive predictive value of 82.3% (95% CI = 66.5–91.5) and a negative predictive value of 96.9% (95% CI = 92.2–98.8) to predict low probability of SIL/CIN in the specimen.

Conclusions
Colposcopic evaluation at the time of LEEP seems to be accurate to identify SIL/CIN postbiopsy regression; thus, its performance would be considered at the time of the treatment.
Is an Intravenous Injection of Gadolinium Really Necessary for Intralabyrinthine Schwannomas MR Examination?
Authors: Karol Anne , Veillon Francis , Huynh Thaï , Severac François , Charpiot Anne , Venkatasamy Aïna 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
Our aim was to confirm the usefulness of T2-weighted (T2W) gradient-echo sequence for detection and topographic diagnosis of intralabyrinthine schwannomas (ILS) compared with T1W contrast-enhanced sequence as gold standard, to evaluate the necessity of intravenous gadolinium injection for ILS follow-up imaging.

Methods:
Thirty patients with ILS were retrospectively enrolled and compared to a control group of 30 patients with no inner ear pathology. All patients underwent a T2W gradient-echo steady-state free precession (SSFP) acquisition at 3T, which was visually analyzed by two radiologists and compared to contrast-enhanced T1W sequence. A quantitative analysis was also performed, with the measurement of the tumor and inner ear signal on T2W images and the measurement of the tumor length in cochlear schwannomas.

Results:
T2W FIESTA-C sequence correctly diagnosed ILS with a sensitivity (Se) of 95% and a specificity (Sp) of 100%, with matching results for their topographic evaluation (Se 92%, Sp 98%) compared with the gold-standard. The difference between the two sequences was only 2.5%, with excellent interobserver agreement. The tumor signal on T2W images was significantly lower than the normal bright signal of the normal inner ear fluids (mean signal ratio = 0.42 vs 0.98).

Conclusion:
The positive and topographic diagnostic accuracy of T2W FIESTA-C sequence was excellent compared with the T1W contrast-enhanced sequence, even though the latter remains easier and faster to analyze for an untrained radiologist. The performances of T2W gradient-echo sequence at 3T make it a reasonable alternative strategy for following ILS after they are diagnosed.
Comprehensive review of the extended middle cranial fossa approach
Authors: Lipschitz Noga , Kohlberg Gavriel D. , Zuccarello Mario , Samy Ravi N. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose of review
To review the current literature on the extended middle cranial fossa (xMCF) approach and to provide a comprehensive description of the relevant anatomy, indications, surgical technique, results, and complications.

Recent findings
The xMCF approach expands the surgical exposure provided by the sMCF approach, allowing access to the internal auditory canal, cerebellopontine angle, prepontine cistern, anterior petrous apex, petrous carotid artery, Meckel's cave, cavernous sinus, mid and upper clivus, and posterior lesions approaching the jugular foramen. Preservation of serviceable hearing is possible with success rates approximating 50% in vestibular schwannoma and meningioma resection, and facial nerve outcome is excellent.

Summary
The xMCF is an important approach for difficult to access lesions that additionally offers the possibility of hearing preservation. This approach is also useful for vascular lesions, auditory brainstem implantation, and lesions of mid-brainstem.
Case Series: Bilateral Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Tan Licia , Teo Lynn , Lee Shu Yen 
Published: June 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Bilateral occurrence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a potentially blinding condition seen most commonly in patients with atopic dermatitis. Poor control of the skin condition may lead to simultaneous or sequential retinal detachment and even development of complications such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to highlight the importance of the dermatologist's role in aggressive treatment of atopic dermatitis to prevent this potentially blinding condition.

CASE REPORTS
A retrospective review of three patients with poorly controlled atopic dermatitis at the Singapore National Eye Centre with bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was conducted. Two patients presented with sequential rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, and one patient had simultaneous bilateral retinal detachments. At presentation, all three were experiencing atopic dermatitis flares and were either on low-dose oral or topical steroids only. Post–retinal detachment surgery, all eyes except one achieved good visual acuity. The patients were referred to a dermatologist and treated with therapeutic doses of systemic steroids and immunomodulators for their dermatitis flare.

CONCLUSIONS
This case series draws attention to the importance of the eye care provider's comanagement of such patients with atopic dermatitis. Aggressive control of facial atopic dermatitis with consideration of immunomodulators or short-term systemic steroids during flares to control facial eczema and eye rubbing may reduce this potentially blinding ocular complication.
Comparison between Negative-Pressure Fixation and Film Dressing in Wound Management after Tissue Expansion: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nagata Takeshi , Miura Katsutoshi , Homma Yoichiro , Fukamizu Hidekazu 
Published: June 2018

Summary:
Wound compression and fixation are important to reduce scarring. Numerous postoperative treatments have been developed to reduce scar formation; however, a simple and effective device that improves the appearance and histochemical properties of incisional scars is needed. Therefore, the authors have devised a novel method, negative-pressure fixation, that applies negative pressure inside polyurethane foam covered with film. In the present study, negative-pressure fixation was applied to incisional wounds resulting from the insertion of a tissue expander in patients undergoing two-stage breast reconstruction. The authors aimed to evaluate the effects of negative-pressure fixation on scar appearance and histochemical properties in comparison to those for film dressing without negative pressure. A prospective, open-label, randomized, single-center study was performed. A half-side test was conducted on the incisional scar resulting from tissue expander insertion during breast reconstruction after mastectomy in 13 female patients. The dressings on both sides of the scar were replaced once per week until the tissue expander was adequately inflated. The outcomes were assessed 6 months later. Scars were photographed before the second operation and were evaluated using a visual analogue scale. All scars were removed and resutured during the final operation, allowing a histochemical analysis. The mean visual analogue scale score for the negative-pressure fixation side was significantly lower compared with that for the film dressing side (p = 0.0025). In addition, the scar on the negative-pressure fixation side was significantly narrower (p = 0.0015). Thus, negative-pressure fixation is a simple and effective device for improving the appearance and histochemical properties of incisional scars.
What Does the Public Think? Examining Plastic Surgery Perceptions through the Twitterverse
Authors: Kalandar Abeer , Al-Youha Sarah , Al-Halabi Becher , Williams Jason 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Twitter is a recognized social media platform for communication of health information. Rime reported that emotion is the main motive for social sharing. This study is a content analysis of Twitter that was performed to identify the public’s perceptions and attitudes toward plastic surgery and the emotional triggers that drive social sharing of plastic surgery information.

Methods:
Tweets containing “#PlasticSurgery” or “Plastic Surgery” were archived randomly from August 1, 2014, to December 30, 2016 (n = 4548). Tweets were categorized according to tweet author, specialty, topic, content, multimedia included, emotion, tone, accuracy of information, source, and retweet rate. Statistical analysis was performed to detect significant patterns.

Results:
Tweets on cosmetic surgery (74 percent) were shared mostly on Twitter, predominantly posted by the public [n = 1611 (48 percent)]. More than 13 percent of posts contained “celebrity news” and 42.8 percent contained professional information and resources. The most frequent emotions shared and retweeted were “relaxed/content” (51.5 percent) and “excited/interested” (18.4 percent). Most tweets posted by the public contained inaccurate information [n = 1486 (80 percent)]. Only 154 (11.2 percent) of board-certified plastic surgeons’ tweets were rated as “most accurate.”

Conclusions:
The majority of tweets posted on Twitter contained inaccurate information that can lead to misperception among the public. Understanding emotional triggers for social sharing provides insight into what is most appealing. To enhance public uptake and sharing of tweets, plastic surgeons can use these findings to promote the specialty using relaxed/content emotions or excitement in their social media posts.
Segmental Multiple-Jaw Surgery without Orthodontia: Clear Aligners Alone
Authors: Kankam Hadyn K. N. , Gupta Himank , Sawh-Martinez Rajendra , Steinbacher Derek M. 
Published: June 2018

Summary:
Segmental Le Fort I osteotomy, a complex procedure with many mobile parts, has traditionally required presurgical orthodontics with conventional braces, composed of metal brackets, bands, and archwires. These appliances are not always accepted by patients, particularly older teenagers and professional adults who previously endured traditional orthodontia during adolescence, and now require retreatment because of jaw growth differences necessitating orthognathic surgery. Less obtrusive orthodontic therapies, involving clear aligners (e.g., Invisalign), are becoming increasingly popular, as they are less noticeable and less aesthetically objectionable. They are typically indicated for milder occlusal discrepancies, such as crowding and minor rotations, without significant vertical or transverse problems. Clear aligners in conjunction with orthognathic surgery for severe dentofacial problems are progressive and not widely used. Moreover, the most complicated of orthognathic sequences, segmental double-jaw surgery, has never before been described to be performed using Invisalign. Several potential challenges exist when performing segmental double-jaw surgery with Invisalign (i.e., no bonded or banded appliances, and no archwire). The purpose of this article is to review the feasibility of segmental double-jaw surgery without orthodontia (Invisalign only), report a series of cases, and review the technical steps involved.
The lncRNA, H19 Mediates the Protective Effect of Hypoxia Postconditioning Against Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury to Senescent Cardiomyocytes by Targeting microRNA-29b-3p
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Cheng Long , Xu Longhe , Zhang Yunliang , Yang Yitian , Fu Qiang , Mi Weidong , Li Hao 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
Ischemic postconditioning (I/Post) is an endogenous protection mechanism that reduces injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). It remains controversial whether I/Post protects against I/R injury to the aging heart. The long non-coding RNA, H19 protects H9c2 cells against hypoxia-induced injury. This study aimed to elucidate the role of H19 in the hypoxic postconditioning (H/Post) of aged cardiomyocytes.

Methods:
Senescence induced by D-galactose in primary cardiomyocytes from neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats was measured by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Hypoxic injury was evaluated by cell viability and apoptosis assays. H19 expression before and after hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) and H/Post was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reactions. miR-29b-3p-binding sites in H19 and the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1) were predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and interaction was verified by luciferase assay. The effects of altered H19, miR-29b-3p, and cIAP1 expression on the viability and apoptosis of senescent cardiomyocytes following H/Post were determined.

Results:
H/Post prevented H/R injury in normal but not senescent cardiomyocytes. H19 expression was remarkably down-regulated after H/Post in senescent compared with normal cardiomyocytes. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of H19 in senescent cardiomyocytes increased H/Post-induced injury. miR-29b-3p was regulated by H19 and led to a greater injury. miR-29b-3p directly targeted the 3′-untranslated region of cIAP1 and suppressed its expression. Furthermore, knockdown of cIAP1 damaged senescent cardiomyocytes following H/Post.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that H19 mediated the antiapoptotic effect of H/Post against H/R-induced injury to aged cardiomyocytes by inhibiting miR-29b-3p expression.
Knockdown of butyrylcholinesterase but not inhibition by chlorpyrifos alters early differentiation mechanisms in human neural stem cells
Authors: Tiethof Angela K. , Richardson Jason R. , Hart Ronald P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractButyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is the evolutionary counterpart to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Both are expressed early in nervous system development prior to cholinergic synapse formation. The organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) primarily exerts toxicity through inhibition of AChE, which results in excess cholinergic stimulation at the synapse. We hypothesized that inhibition of AChE and BChE by CPF may impair early neurogenesis in neural stem cells (NSCs). To model neurodevelopment in vitro, we used human NSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a focus on initial differentiation mechanisms. Over six days of NSC differentiation, BChE activity and mRNA expression significantly increased, while AChE activity and expression remained unchanged. CPF treatment (10 μM) caused 82% and 92% inhibition of AChE and BChE, respectively. CPF exposure had no effect on cell viability or the expression of differentiation markers HES5, DCX or MAP2. However, shRNA-knockdown of BChE expression resulted in decreased or delayed expression of transcription factors HES5 and HES3. BChE may have a role in the differentiation of NSCs independent of, or in addition to, its enzymatic activity.
TetrahymenaRIB72A and RIB72B are Microtubule Inner Proteins in the ciliary doublet microtubules
Authors: Stoddard Daniel , Zhao Ying , Bayless Brian A. , Gui Long , Louka Panagiota , Dave Drashti , Suryawanshi Swati , Tomasi Raphaël F.-X. , Dupuis-Williams Pascale , Baroud Charles N. , Gaertig Jacek , Winey Mark , Nicastro Daniela 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTDoublet and triplet microtubules are essential and highly stable core structures of centrioles, basal bodies, cilia and flagella. In contrast to dynamic cytoplasmic microtubules, their luminal surface is coated with regularly arranged Microtubule Inner Proteins (MIPs). However, the protein composition and biological function(s) of MIPs remain poorly understood. Using genetic, biochemical and imaging techniques we identifiedTetrahymenaRIB72A and RIB72B proteins as ciliary MIPs. Fluorescence imaging of tagged RIB72A and RIB72B showed that both proteins co-localize toTetrahymenacilia and basal bodies, but assemble independently. Cryo-electron tomography ofRIB72Aand/orRIB72Bknockout strains revealed major structural defects in the ciliary A-tubule involving MIP1, MIP4 and MIP6 structures. The defects of individual mutants were complementary in the double mutant. All mutants had reduced swimming speed and ciliary beat frequencies, and high-speed video imaging revealed abnormal highly curved cilia during power stroke. Our results show that RIB72A and RIB72B are crucial for the structural assembly of ciliary A-tubule MIPs and are important for proper ciliary motility.SUMMARYMicrotubule Inner Proteins (MIPs) bind to the luminal surface of highly stable microtubules. Combining cell biology and cryo-electron tomography, Stoddardet al.show that RIB72A and RIB72B are conserved MIPs in ciliary doublet microtubules and that they are important for proper ciliary motility.
Identification of FDA-approved drugs as novel allosteric inhibitors of human executioner caspases
Authors: Krishna Deepak R. N. V. , Abdullah Ahmad , Talwar Priti , Fan Hao , Ravanan Palaniyandi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe regulation of apoptosis is a tightly-coordinated process and caspases are its chief regulators. Of special importance are the executioner caspases, caspase-3/7, the activation of which irreversibly sets the cell on the path of death. Dysregulation of apoptosis, particularly an increased rate of cell death lies at the root of numerous human diseases. Although several peptide-based inhibitors targeting the homologous active site region of caspases have been developed, owing to their non-specific activity and poor pharmacological properties their use has largely been restricted. Thus, we sought to identify FDA-approved drugs that could be repurposed as novel allosteric inhibitors of caspase-3/7. In this study, we virtually screened a catalog of FDA-approved drugs targeting an allosteric pocket located at the dimerization interface of caspase-3/7. From among the top-scoring hits we short-listed five compounds for experimental validation. Our enzymatic assays using recombinant caspase-3 suggested that four out of the five drugs effectively inhibited caspase-3 enzymatic activity in vitro with IC50 values ranging ~10-55 μM. Structural analysis of the docking poses show the four compounds forming specific non-covalent interactions at the allosteric pocket suggesting that these molecules could disrupt the adjacently-located active site. In summary, we report the identification of four novel non-peptide allosteric inhibitors of caspase-3/7 from among FDA-approved drugs.
Mycis dispensable for cardiac development in the mouse but rescuesMycn-deficient hearts through functional replacement and cell competition
Authors: Muñoz-Martín Noelia , Sierra Rocío , Schimmang Thomas , Campo Cristina Villa del , Torres Miguel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMyc is considered an essential transcription factor for heart development, but cardiac defects have only been studied in global Myc loss of function models. Here, we eliminated Myc by recombining aMycfloxed allele with theNkx2.5Credriver. We observed no anatomical, cellular or functional alterations in either fetuses or adult cardiac Myc-deficient mice. We re-examined Myc expression during development and found no expression in developing cardiomyocytes. In contrast, we confirmed thatMycnis essential for cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiogenesis. Mosaic Myc overexpression in aMycn-deficient background, shows that Myc can replace Mycn function, recovering heart development. We further show that this recovery involves the elimination of Mycn-deficient cells by Cell Competition. Our results indicate thatMycis dispensable during cardiogenesis and adult heart homeostasis andMycnis exclusively responsible for cardiomyocyte proliferation during heart development. Nonetheless, our results show thatMyccan functionally replaceMycn. We also show that cardiomyocytes compete according to their overall Myc+Mycn levels and that Cell Competition eliminates flawed cardiomyocytes, suggesting its relevance as a quality control mechanism in cardiac development.
Tropomyosin 3.5 protects F-actin networks required for tissue biomechanical properties
Authors: Cheng Catherine , Nowak Roberta B. , Amadeo Michael B. , Biswas Sondip K. , Lo Woo-Kuen , Fowler Velia M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTropomyosins (Tpms) stabilize F-actin and regulate interactions with other actin-binding proteins. The eye lens changes shape in order to fine focus light to transmit a clear image, and thus lens organ function is tied to its biomechanical properties, presenting an opportunity to study Tpm functions in tissue mechanics. The major mouse lens Tpm is Tpm3.5 (TM5NM5), a previously unstudied isoform. Decreased levels of Tpm3.5 lead to softer and less mechanically resilient lenses that are unable to resume their original shape after compression. While cell organization and morphology appear unaffected, Tmod1 dissociates from the membrane in Tpm3.5-deficient lens fiber cells resulting in reorganization of the spectrin-F-actin and α-actinin-F-actin networks at the membrane. These rearranged F-actin networks appear to be less able to support mechanical load and resilience leading to an overall change in tissue mechanical properties. This is the firstin vivoevidence that Tpm is essential for cell biomechanical stability in a load-bearing non-muscle tissue and indicates that Tpm3.5 protects mechanically stable, load-bearing F-actinin vivo.SummaryTropomyosin 3.5 stabilizes F-actin in eye lens fiber cells and promotes normal tissue biomechanical properties. Tpm3.5 deficiency leads to F-actin network rearrangements and decreased lens stiffness and resilience.