bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Electronic Health Record–Based Triggers in Detecting Dental Adverse Events
Authors: Kalenderian Elsbeth , Obadan-Udoh Enihomo , Yansane Alfa , Kent Karla , Hebballi Nutan , Delattre Veronique , Kookal Krisna , Tokede Oluwabunmi , White Joel , Walji Muhammad 
Published: August 2018

Background We can now quantify and characterize the harm patients suffer in the dental chair by mining data from electronic health records (EHRs). Most dental institutions currently deploy a random audit of charts using locally developed definitions to identify such patient safety incidents. Instead, selection of patient charts using triggers and assessment through calibrated reviewers may more efficiently identify dental adverse events (AEs).
Objective Our goal was to develop and test EHR-based triggers at four academic institutions and find dental AEs, defined as moderate or severe physical harm due to dental treatment.
Methods We used an iterative and consensus-based process to develop 11 EHR-based triggers to identify dental AEs. Two dental experts at each institution independently reviewed a sample of triggered charts using a common AE definition and classification system. An expert panel provided a second level of review to confirm AEs identified by sites reviewers. We calculated the performance of each trigger and identified strategies for improvement.
Results A total of 100 AEs were identified by 10 of the 11 triggers. In 57% of the cases, pain was the most common AE identified, followed by infection and hard tissue damage. Positive predictive value (PPV) for the triggers ranged from 0 to 0.29. The best performing triggers were those developed to identify infections (PPV = 0.29), allergies (PPV = 0.23), failed implants (PPV = 0.21), and nerve injuries (PPV = 0.19). Most AEs (90%) were categorized as temporary moderate-to-severe harm (E2) and the remainder as permanent moderate-to-severe harm (G2).
Conclusion EHR-based triggers are a promising approach to unearth AEs among dental patients compared with a manual audit of random charts. Data in dental EHRs appear to be sufficiently structured to allow the use of triggers. Pain was the most common AE type followed by infection and hard tissue damage.
Husten – Differenzialdiagnosen
Authors: Koch Andrea , Behr Jürgen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA thorough anamnesis and the physical examination of a patient with cough mostly lead the way to the further diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. As far as there are no obvious reasons for the cough symptoms, any case of persisting chronic cough needs a diagnostic clarification – including computed tomography of the thorax and bronchoscopy as the final step. If clinical findings make them necessary, also invasive diagnostic procedures – such as bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy and surgical biopsy of the lung – must not be avoided. According to the clinical presentation appropriate medical disciplines have to be consulted for the diagnostic clarification of chronic cough. Besides pulmonology und allergology these are ENT medicine, gastroenterology, cardiology, infectiology, neurology and possibly psychiatry. The therapy of chronic and acute cough should be aimed at a causal treatment approach.
Diagnostik und Therapie der Nebenniereninsuffizienz
Authors: Harbeck Birgit , Lehnert Hendrik 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAdrenal insufficiency is a potentially life-threatening endocrine disorder. Therefor it is very important to detect the symptoms in sufficient time and treat effectively to avoyed acute renal insufficiency. This article provides an insight into diagnostically procedures and therapeutically specific aspects of this rare endocrine disease.
Inferential seemings and the problem of reflective awareness
Authors: Moretti Luca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhenomenal conservatism (PC) is the internalist view that non-inferential justification rests on appearances. PC’s advocates have recently argued that seemings are also required to explain inferential justification. The most developed view to this effect is Michael Huemer ’s theory of inferential seemings (ToIS). Luca Moretti has recently shown that PC is affected by the problem of reflective awareness, which makes PC open to sceptical challenges. In this paper I argue that ToIS is afflicted by a version of the same problem and it is thus hostage to inferential scepticism. I also suggest a possible response on behalf of ToIS’s advocates.
Sino-Angolan agricultural cooperation: still not reaping rewards for the Angolan agricultural sector
Authors: Parker Leon , Fourie Elsje 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY
This briefing examines the recent creation and downfall of seven Chinese-funded agro-industrial farms in Angola, and sees in the outcome of this initiative the latest demonstration of the difficulties in converting China’s and Angola’s resource-based relationship into a more economically sustainable and developmental partnership.
The wretched of the earth and strategy: Fanon’s ‘Leninist’ moment?
Authors: Newlove Chris James 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY
This paper argues that Fanon puts forward the importance of a strategic approach to winning the goals of national independence from colonialism as part of the wider fight for a different social and economic system. In The wretched of the earth Fanon supports a strategic focus along similar lines to Lenin. The interpretation of the national bourgeoisie and the native working class within the colony put forward by Fanon is directly influenced by his readings of Lenin. Alongside his diverse lessons and influences, this paper will argue that Fanon’s ‘Leninist’ moment should be acknowledged.
Plasma irisin is increased following 12 weeks of Nordic walking and associates with glucose homoeostasis in overweight/obese men with impaired glucose regulation
Authors: Korkmaz Ayhan , Venojärvi Mika , Wasenius Niko , Manderoos Sirpa , Deruisseau Keith C. , Gidlund Eva‐Karin , Heinonen Olli J. , Lindholm Harri , Aunola Sirkka , Eriksson Johan G. , Atalay Mustafa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIrisin is a myokine that is thought to be secreted in response to exercise that may help to prevent obesity and maintain normal glucose metabolism. In this study we investigated the associations between irisin and glucose homeostasis in middle‐aged, overweight and obese men (n = 144) with impaired glucose regulation, and the impact of exercise training on these relationships. The participants underwent 12 weeks of resistance or aerobic (Nordic walking) exercise training three times per week, 60 minutes per session. Venous blood (n = 105) and skeletal muscle samples (n = 45) were obtained at baseline and post‐intervention. Compared to controls, Nordic walking, but not resistance training, increased irisin levels in plasma (9.6 ± 4.2%, P = 0.014; 8.7 ± 4.9%, P = 0.087; respectively) compared to controls. When considering all subjects, baseline irisin correlated positively with atherogenic index of plasma (r = 0.244, P = 0.013) and 2‐hour insulin levels (r = 0.214, P = 0.028), and negatively with age (r = −0.262, P = 0.007), adiponectin (r = −0.240, P = 0.014) and McAuley index (r = −0.259, P = 0.008). Training‐induced FNDC5 mRNA changes were negatively correlated with HbA1c (r = −0.527, P = 0.030) in the resistance training group and with chemerin in the Nordic walking group (r = −0.615, P = 0.033). In conclusion, 12‐weeks of Nordic walking was more effective than resistance training in elevating plasma irisin, in middle‐aged men with impaired glucose tolerance. Thus, the change in irisin in response to exercise training varied by the type of exercise but showed limited association with improvements in glucose homeostasis.
Rapid deformation of IPMC under a high electrical pulse stimulus inspired by action potential
Authors: Zhu Zicai , Bian Changsheng , Ru Jie , Bai Wanfa , Chen Hualing 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Slow deformation seriously restrains application development of IPMC actuator, especially for thick and ionic liquid-based IPMC. Inspired by the action potential of muscle cell, this letter proposes a concept of high electrical pulse stimulus to accelerate IPMC deformation. By analyzing the dynamic process of voltage drop at the electrode-polymer interface, high voltage pulse is proved theoretically to be safe for IPMC in a short time. After charging the electrical double layer at the interface, the voltage pulse should be reduced to a safe level before electrochemical reactions. In our experiments, applying various high voltage pulses to a thick IPMC, the deformation can be sped up a few hundred times at most without any electrolysis damage. The results strongly support the practicability of the impulsive driving method.
The Securitization of Language Education
Authors: Perera Kaushalya , Makoni Sinfree 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This Forum article is a contribution to the development of a securitization perspective on language education. We construe securitization of applied linguistics as the tendency to align national goals for language education, including Teaching English as a Second or Other Language (TESOL) and foreign languages, with broader national and security agendas. Keeping in mind the impact of the World Wars I and II on securitizing language education, we illustrate the more recent impact of this due to 9/11 and the subsequent shifts in global geopolitics. Wepoint to the insidious connections that have been growing for decades between the defense sectors in various countries and regions and language education while drawing attention to the increased pace and intensity of it in current times. We conclude this piece by outlining the ethical challenges which the ongoing securitization of applied linguistics poses for applied linguists.
Revealing tumor heterogeneity of breast cancer by utilizing the linkage between somatic and germline mutations
Authors: Zou Meng , Jin Rui , Au Kin Fai 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The intra-tumor heterogeneity is associated with cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, such as in breast cancer. While the existing methods for studying tumor heterogeneity only analyze variant allele frequency (VAF), the genotype of variant is also informative for inferring subclones, which can be detected by long reads or paired-end reads. We developed GenoClone to integrate VAF with the genotype of variant innovatively, so it showed superior performance of inferring the number of subclones, estimating the fractions of subclones and identifying somatic single-nucleotide variants composition of subclones. When GenoClone was applied to 389 TCGA breast cancer samples, it revealed extensive intra-tumor heterogeneity. We further found that a few somatic mutations were relevant to the late stage of tumor evolution, including the ones at the oncogene PIK3CA and the tumor suppress gene TP53. Moreover, 52 subclones that were identified from 167 samples shared high similarity of somatic mutations, which were clustered into three groups with the sizes of 24, 14 and 14. It is helpful for understanding the development of breast cancer in certain subgroups of people and the drug development for population level. Furthermore, GenoClone also identified the tumor heterogeneity in different aliquots of the same samples. The implementation of GenoClone is available at http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/labs/au/GenoClone/.
Large-scale comparative assessment of computational predictors for lysine post-translational modification sites
Authors: Chen Zhen , Liu Xuhan , Li Fuyi , Li Chen , Marquez-Lago Tatiana , Leier André , Akutsu Tatsuya , Webb Geoffrey I , Xu Dakang , Smith Alexander Ian , Li Lei , Chou Kuo-Chen , Song Jiangning 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLysine post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a crucial role in regulating diverse functions and biological processes of proteins. However, because of the large volumes of sequencing data generated from genome-sequencing projects, systematic identification of different types of lysine PTM substrates and PTM sites in the entire proteome remains a major challenge. In recent years, a number of computational methods for lysine PTM identification have been developed. These methods show high diversity in their core algorithms, features extracted and feature selection techniques and evaluation strategies. There is therefore an urgent need to revisit these methods and summarize their methodologies, to improve and further develop computational techniques to identify and characterize lysine PTMs from the large amounts of sequence data. With this goal in mind, we first provide a comprehensive survey on a large collection of 49 state-of-the-art approaches for lysine PTM prediction. We cover a variety of important aspects that are crucial for the development of successful predictors, including operating algorithms, sequence and structural features, feature selection, model performance evaluation and software utility. We further provide our thoughts on potential strategies to improve the model performance. Second, in order to examine the feasibility of using deep learning for lysine PTM prediction, we propose a novel computational framework, termed MUscADEL (Multiple Scalable Accurate Deep Learner for lysine PTMs), using deep, bidirectional, long short-term memory recurrent neural networks for accurate and systematic mapping of eight major types of lysine PTMs in the human and mouse proteomes. Extensive benchmarking tests show that MUscADEL outperforms current methods for lysine PTM characterization, demonstrating the potential and power of deep learning techniques in protein PTM prediction. The web server of MUscADEL, together with all the data sets assembled in this study, is freely available at http://muscadel.erc.monash.edu/. We anticipate this comprehensive review and the application of deep learning will provide practical guide and useful insights into PTM prediction and inspire future bioinformatics studies in the related fields.
Cooperation Makes a Group be More Creative
Authors: Lu Kelong , Xue Hua , Nozawa Takayuki , Hao Ning 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study investigated how cooperative and competitive interaction modes affect the group creative performance. The participants were recruited as dyads to solve 2 problems either demanding divergent thinking (alternative uses task, AUT) or not (object characteristic task, OCT). The dyads solved 1 of the 2 problems in the cooperative mode and the other in the competitive mode. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based hyperscanning was used to record their neural activities in the prefrontal and right temporal–parietal junction (r-TPJ) regions. Results revealed the dyads showed higher AUT fluency, AUT originality, OCT fluency, and cooperation level in the cooperative mode than in the competitive mode. The fNIRS data revealed increased (task-baseline) interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS) in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (r-DLPFC) and r-TPJ, only for dyads in the AUT/cooperation condition. In both r-DLPFC and r-TPJ, the IBS of dyads in the AUT/cooperation condition was stronger than in the AUT/competition and OCT/cooperation. Moreover, a stronger IBS was evoked between the regions in prefrontal and posterior temporal regions in the AUT/cooperation condition, as compared with the competition mode. These findings suggest that enhanced IBS may underlie the positive effects of cooperation as compared with the competition in terms of group creativity.
Tenofovir Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots Is Strongly Associated With Viral Suppression in Individuals With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections
Authors: Castillo-Mancilla Jose R , Morrow Mary , Coyle Ryan P , Coleman Stacey S , Gardner Edward M , Zheng Jia-Hua , Ellison Lucas , Bushman Lane R , Kiser Jennifer J , Mawhinney Samantha , Anderson Peter L 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS) is a predictor of adherence and pre-exposure prophylaxis efficacy, its utility in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment remains unknown.MethodsDBS for TFV-DP were collected up to 3 times over 48 weeks in persons living with HIV (PLWH) who were receiving TFV disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based therapy. Log-transformed baseline TFV-DP was compared using t-tests or analyses of variance; generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of viral suppression (&lt;20 copies/mL) based on the TFV-DP concentration at the study visit.ResultsWe analyzed 1199 DBS from 532 participants (76 female; 101 Black, 101 Hispanic). Among the virologically-suppressed participants at baseline (n = 347), TFV-DP was lower in Blacks (geometric mean 1453, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1291–1635) vs Whites (1793, 95% CI 1678–1916; P = .002) and Hispanics (1760, 95% CI 1563–1982; P = .025); in non-boosted (1610, 95% CI 1505–1723) vs. boosted (1888, 95% CI 1749–2037; P = .002) regimens; and in non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor–based (1563, 95% CI 1432–1707) vs. boosted protease inhibitor–based (1890, 95% CI 1704–2095; P = .006) and multiclass-based (1927, 95% CI 1650–2252; P = .022) regimens. The aOR of virologic suppression, after adjusting for age, gender, race, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, CD4+ T-cell count, antiretroviral drug class and duration of therapy, was 73.5 (95% CI 25.7–210.5; P &lt; .0001) for a TFV-DP concentration ≥1850 fmol/punch compared to &lt;350 fmol/punch.ConclusionsTFV-DP in DBS is strongly associated with virologic suppression in PLWH on TDF-based therapy and is associated with certain participant characteristics. Further research is required to evaluate this drug adherence and exposure measure in clinical practice.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT02012621.
Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury Among Critically Ill Patients With Brief Empiric Use of Antipseudomonal β-Lactams With Vancomycin
Authors: Schreier Diana J , Kashani Kianoush B , Sakhuja Ankit , Mara Kristin C , Tootooni Mohammad S , Personett Heather A , Nelson Sarah , Rule Andrew D , Steckelberg James M , Tande Aaron J , Barreto Erin F 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Nephrotoxins contribute to 20%–40% of acute kidney injury (AKI) cases in the intensive care unit (ICU). The combination of piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ) and vancomycin (VAN) has been identified as nephrotoxic, but existing studies focus on extended durations of therapy rather than the brief empiric courses often used in the ICU. The current study was performed to compare the risk of AKI with a short course of PTZ/VAN to with the risk associated with other antipseudomonal β-lactam/VAN combinations.

Methods
The study included a retrospective cohort of 3299 ICU patients who received ≥24 but ≤72 hours of an antipseudomonal β-lactam/VAN combination: PTZ/VAN, cefepime (CEF)/VAN, or meropenem (MER)/VAN. The risk of developing stage 2 or 3 AKI was compared between antibiotic groups with multivariable logistic regression adjusted for relevant confounders. We also compared the risk of persistent kidney dysfunction, dialysis dependence, or death at 60 days between groups.

Results
The overall incidence of stage 2 or 3 AKI was 9%. Brief exposure to PTZ/VAN did not confer a greater risk of stage 2 or 3 AKI after adjustment for relevant confounders (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for PTZ/VAN vs CEF/VAN, 1.11 [.85–1.45]; PTZ/VAN vs MER/VAN, 1.04 [.71–1.42]). No significant differences were noted between groups at 60-day follow-up in the outcomes of persistent kidney dysfunction (P = .08), new dialysis dependence (P = .15), or death (P = .09).

Conclusion
Short courses of PTZ/VAN were not associated with a greater risk of short- or 60-day adverse renal outcomes than other empiric broad-spectrum combinations.
Maternally-derived Antibodies to Schizont Egress Antigen-1 and Protection of Infants From Severe Malaria
Authors: Kurtis Jonathan D , Raj Dipak K , Michelow Ian C , Park Sangshin , Nixon Christina E , McDonald Emily A , Nixon Christian P , Pond-Tor Sunthorn , Jha Ambrish , Taliano Ross J , Kabyemela Edward R , Friedman Jennifer F , Duffy Patrick E , Fried Michal 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn holoendemic areas, children suffer the most from Plasmodium falciparum malaria, yet newborns and young infants express a relative resistance to both infection and severe malarial disease (SM). This relative resistance has been ascribed to maternally-derived anti-parasite immunoglobulin G; however, the targets of these protective antibodies remain elusive.MethodsWe enrolled 647 newborns at birth from a malaria-holoendemic region of Tanzania. We collected cord blood, measured antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Schizont Egress Antigen-1 (PfSEA-1), and related these antibodies to the risk of severe malaria in the first year of life. In addition, we vaccinated female mice with PbSEA-1, mated them, and challenged their pups with P. berghei ANKA parasites to assess the impact of maternal PbSEA-1 vaccination on newborns’ resistance to malaria.ResultsChildren with high cord-blood anti–PfSEA-1 antibody levels had 51.4% fewer cases of SM compared to individuals with lower anti–PfSEA-1 levels over 12 months of follow-up (P = .03). In 3 trials, pups born to PbSEA-1–vaccinated dams had significantly lower parasitemia and longer survival following a P. berghei challenge compared to pups born to control dams.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that maternally-derived, cord-blood anti–PfSEA-1 antibodies predict decreased risk of SM in infants and vaccination of mice with PbSEA-1 prior to pregnancy protects their offspring from lethal P. berghei challenge. These results identify, for the first time, a parasite-specific target of maternal antibodies that protect infants from SM and suggest that vaccination of pregnant women with PfSEA-1 may afford a survival advantage to their offspring.
Health hazards and risks for musculoskeletal problems among child labourers in the brickfield sector of West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Banibrata 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Aims
The purpose of this study was to describe the health hazards among child labourers in brickfields, and to assess occupational health problems, together with physiological and respiratory stress, compared with child control subjects.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 child brickfield workers and 120 control subjects, and a modified Nordic Questionnaire was applied to assess the discomfort felt among both groups of workers. Physiological assessment of the workload was carried out by the measurement of heart rate, blood pressure and spirometry of the workers.

Results
Child brickfield workers suffer from pain, especially in the lower back (97%), shoulder (88%), hands (82%), wrist (76%), neck (73%) and ankle (71%). The post-activity heart rate of the child brickfield workers was 166.5 beats/min, whereas the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 132.2 and 67.2 mm/Hg, respectively. The forced vital capacity value of child brickfield workers was 2.04, and in the case of the controls it was 2.18, which was significantly different. The forced expiratory volumes in 1 s of experimental and control subjects were 1.82 and 1.92, respectively. The peak expiratory flow rate was significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions
Most of the brick-making activities were strenuous ones that affected the children. The cardiovascular and respiratory health of the child brickfield workers has changed markedly due to strenuous activity. The child brickfield workers also experienced other occupational health problems and severe musculoskeletal pain.