bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy characteristics of the char obtained by two steps pyrolysis of chicken manure
Authors: Pop E , Mihăescu L , Lăzăroiu G , Pîșă I , Negreanu G , Berbece V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The thermal treatment of chicken manure is an ecological alternative of neutralizing this kind of waste with energy recovery. In this regard, a two-stage pyrolysis process was chosen, the first stage having the purpose of preheating and moisture elimination. The drying process up to the starting point of volatile matter release, about 200-250°C was taken into consideration. As a result of the moisture elimination in the first step of the pyrolysis process, a gas fuel riched in CO, CH4, H2 will be obtained. The experimental determinations consisted in the proximate and ultimate analysis of the initial residue and tests of the pyrolysis process in a pilot plant that allows the pyrolysis of a quantity of waste in range of 40-200g. A sample of a 140 g was subjected to the pyrolysis process at 500°C and the char (an organic, solid, consistent and odourless product) was obtained. The carbon (C), nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H) and sulphur (S) contents of the final product of pyrolysis were determined by a Costech 4120 Elemental Analyser that allows us to calculate the Lower Heating Value (LHV) of the char. For the evaluation of the energy potential, a theoretical balance of the energy consumption in the process of pyrolysis and the energy developed by combustion of the char, has been made. This theoretical balance was verified by determining the energy developed by combustion of char based on the composition determined in the laboratory. The laboratory results confirmed the existence of an energy potential of the pyrolysis product, which offers a technological alternative.
Equilibrium moisture content of pumpkin seeds
Authors: Kiryakov I , Georgieva M , Atanasov D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The equilibrium moisture content of Pumpkin Seeds is studied and the sorption and desorption curves at temperature 20°C are obtained. The strain measurement method for taking down of sorption curves is used for the aim. Analytic dependences describing the sorption and desorption curves are derived. Values of equilibrium moisture contents for temperatures higher than 20°C (40°C, 60°C, 80°C) are obtained by using the method of Pass-Slepchenko. The results are presented in graphical and table form.
Wastewater sludge to energy production. A review
Authors: Vatachi N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Global economic and social development involves increasing demands for water use for various purposes: domestic, public, industrial. Wastewater treatment in these processes results in increasing volumes of sewage sludge. The elimination of this sludge is a permanent concern at global level because of the dangers to the environment, consisting of the high content of organic pollutants, toxic and heavy metals. However, a significant amount of renewable energy can be recovered from sludge from sewage treatment, with several paths being possible: anaerobic digestion, combustion and co-combustion, pyrolysis, gasification. Each of these pathways is characterized by advantages and disadvantages, benefits and technological limitations. This paper proposes a review of current conversion methods and technologies for energy recovery from sewage sludge, anaerobic digestion, incineration and co-combustion especially. Processes present in current literature and practice are described, resulting in the influence of the properties of sludge fuels and their impact on the energy recovery process when these fuels are used in combustion plants. There are also scientific researchers conducted to improve operational and environmental performance and cost competitiveness.
Examination of natural noise signals: preliminary results for aquatic environment
Authors: Zhivomirov H , Nedelchev I 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The present article treats the signal analysis and the revealing of the properties of noise signals which are caused by cavitation, boiling, flow and motion of water (aquatic environment) in natural conditions. All examined signals are not of androgenic and/or technogenic origin and corresponds to a few natural processes e.g., boiling water, rain, sea surf. All analyses are conducted in the Matlab® environment and include: computation of the mean and RMS values, dynamic range, crest factor, skewness and kurtosis, autocorrelation time; test for stationarity; plot of the oscillogram, correlogram, histogram, periodogram and spectrogram. Finally, some common conclusions are drawn, based on the analyses results.
Kinetics coefficients of solid-liquid extraction of resinoid from tobacco leaves
Authors: Tasheva S , Popova V , Ivanova T , Stoyanova A , Valtchev G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cured tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L.) from three commercial types – flue cured Virginia, Burley and Oriental, were processed by extraction to obtain the concentrated aromatic product resinoid, which is used in cosmetics and other areas. The objective of the study was to characterize the kinetics of the process of tobacco resinoid extraction by two basic indices – the coefficient of internal molecular diffusion (Dint
) and the coefficient of mass transfer (β). For that purpose, extraction was carried out at different temperatures (in the range between 20°C and 70°C), and the process was divided into a series of consecutive 10-minute intervals, for which the respective values of the kinetics coefficients were calculated. Based on the established variations of Dint
by tobacco type, time and temperature, the respective regression models were derived. The coefficients of mass transfer, as well as the kinetic indices of the extraction process – the Biot diffusion number (Bi) and the Fourier diffusion number (Fo), were calculated for the three tobacco types. Data from the applied calculation procedures are presented in the study.
Integrating Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Operational Research to End Tuberculosis
Authors: Alffenaar Jan-Willem C , Gumbo Tawanda , Dooley Kelly E , Peloquin Charles A , Mcilleron Helen , Zagorski Andre , Cirillo Daniela M , Heysell Scott K , Silva Denise Rossato , Migliori Giovanni Battista 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) elimination requires innovative approaches. The new Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) aims to conduct research on key unmet therapeutic and diagnostic needs in the field of TB elimination using multidisciplinary, multisectorial approaches. The TB Pharmacology section within the new GTN aims to detect and study the current knowledge gaps, test potential solutions using human pharmacokinetics informed through preclinical infection systems, and return those findings to the bedside. Moreover, this approach would allow prospective identification and validation of optimal shorter therapeutic durations with new regimens. Optimized treatment using available and repurposed drugs may have an increased impact when prioritizing a person-centered approach and acknowledge the importance of age, gender, comorbidities, and both social and programmatic environments. In this viewpoint article, we present an in-depth discussion on how TB pharmacology and the related strategies will contribute to TB elimination.
Patient-generated health data management and quality challenges in remote patient monitoring
Authors: Abdolkhani Robab , Gray Kathleen , Borda Ann , DeSouza Ruth 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Patient-Generated Health Data (PGHD) in remote monitoring programs is a promising source of precise, personalized data, encouraged by expanding growth in the health technologies market. However, PGHD utilization in clinical settings is low. One of the critical challenges that impedes confident clinical use of PGHD is that these data are not managed according to any recognized approach for data quality assurance.

Objective
This article aims to identify the PGHD management and quality challenges that such an approach must address, as these are expressed by key PGHD stakeholder groups.

Materials and Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 experts who have experience in the use of PGHD in remote patient monitoring, including: healthcare providers, health information professionals within clinical settings, and commercial providers of remote monitoring solutions. Participants were asked to describe PGHD management processes in the remote monitoring programs in which they are involved, and to express their perspectives on PGHD quality challenges during the data management stages.

Results
The remote monitoring programs in the study did not follow clear PGHD management or quality assurance approach. Participants were not fully aware of all the considerations of PGHD quality. Digital health literacy, wearable accuracy, difficulty in data interpretation, and lack of PGHD integration with electronic medical record systems were among the key challenges identified that impact PGHD quality.

Conclusion
Co-development of PGHD quality guidelines with relevant stakeholders, including patients, is needed to ensure that quality remote monitoring data from wearables is available for use in more precise and personalized patient care.
Challenges to electronic clinical quality measurement using third-party platforms in primary care practices: the healthy hearts in the heartland experience
Authors: Ahmad Faraz S , Rasmussen Luke V , Persell Stephen D , Richardson Joshua E , Liss David T , Kenly Pauline , Chung Isabel , French Dustin D , Walunas Theresa L , Schriever Andy , Kho Abel N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Third-party platforms have emerged to support small primary care practices for calculating and reporting electronic clinical quality measures (eCQM) for federal programs like The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) and Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS). Yet little is known about the capabilities and limitations of electronic health record systems (EHRs) to enable data access for these programs. We connected 116 small- to medium-sized practices with seven different EHRs to popHealth, an open-source eCQM platform. We identified the prevalence of following problems with eCQM data for data extraction in seven different EHRs: (1) Lack of coded data in five of seven; (2) Incorrectly categorized data in four of seven; (3) Isosemantic data (data within the incorrect context) in four of seven; (4) Coding that could not be directly evaluated in six of seven; (5) Errors in date assignment and labeled as historical values in five of seven; and (6) Inadequate data to assign the correct code in two of seven. We recommend specific enhancements to EHR systems that can promote effective eCQM implementation and reporting to MACRA and MIPS.
Genomic predictions in purebreds with a multibreed genomic relationship matrix1
Authors: Steyn Yvette , Lourenco Daniela A L , Misztal Ignacy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCombining breeds in a multibreed evaluation can have a negative impact on prediction accuracy, especially if single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects differ among breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a multibreed genomic relationship matrix (G), where SNP effects are considered to be unique to each breed, that is, nonshared. This multibreed G was created by treating SNP of different breeds as if they were on nonoverlapping positions on the chromosome, although, in reality, they were not. This simple setup may avoid spurious Identity by state (IBS) relationships between breeds and automatically considers breed-specific allele frequencies. This scenario was contrasted to a regular multibreed evaluation where all SNPs were shared, that is, the same position, and to single-breed evaluations. Different SNP densities (9k and 45k) and different effective population sizes (Ne) were tested. Five breeds mimicking recent beef cattle populations that diverged from the same historical population were simulated using different selection criteria. It was assumed that quantitative trait locus (QTL) effects were the same over all breeds. For the recent population, generations 1–9 had approximately half of the animals genotyped, whereas all animals in generation 10 were genotyped. Generation 10 animals were set for validation; therefore, each breed had a validation group. Analyses were performed using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction. Prediction accuracy was calculated as the correlation between true (T) and genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV). Accuracies of GEBV were lower for the larger Ne and low SNP density. All three evaluation scenarios using 45k resulted in similar accuracies, suggesting that the marker density is high enough to account for relationships and linkage disequilibrium with QTL. A shared multibreed evaluation using 9k resulted in a decrease of accuracy of 0.08 for a smaller Ne and 0.12 for a larger Ne. This loss was mostly avoided when markers were treated as nonshared within the same G matrix. A G matrix with nonshared SNP enables multibreed evaluations without considerably changing accuracy, especially with limited information per breed.
Characterizing Fentanyl Variability Using Population Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Burn Patients
Authors: Grimsrud Kristin N , Lima Kelly M , Tran Nam K , Palmieri Tina L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Opioids are essential first line analgesics for pain management after burn injury. Opioid dosing remains challenging in burn patients, particularly in children, due to the immense variability in efficacy between patients. Opioid pharmacokinetics are altered in burned children, increasing variability and obviating dosing regimens extrapolated from adult-data. The present study aimed to characterize variability in fentanyl pharmacokinetics and identify significant contributors to variability in children with ≥10% total body surface area burn requiring fentanyl during routine wound care. We recorded patient demographics and clinical data. Blood samples were collected following fentanyl administration for pharmacokinetics at time 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes on day of admission and repeated on days 3 and 7. Serum fentanyl concentrations were quantified using tandem liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Population analysis was used to estimate pharmacokinetics parameters. Fourteen patients, 1.2–17 years, with burns from 10–50.5% were included in analysis. A two-compartment model with body weight as a covariate best described fentanyl pharmacokinetics for the overall population. The population clearance and intercompartmental clearance were 7.19 and 2.16 L/hour, respectively, and the volume of distribution for the central and peripheral compartments was 4.01 and 25.1 L, respectively. Individual patient parameter estimates had extensive variability. This study confirmed the high variability in pediatric burn patient fentanyl pharmacokinetics and demonstrates similarities and differences to other populations reported in literature. Further research is needed with a larger number of patients to extensively investigate the impact of burns, genetic polymorphisms, and other factors on fentanyl efficacy and patient outcomes.
A nearby recent supernova that ejected the runaway star ζ Oph, the pulsar PSR B1706−16, and 60Fe found on Earth
Authors: Neuhäuser R , Gießler F , Hambaryan V V 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The detection of ∼1.5–3.2 Myr old 60Fe on Earth indicates recent nearby core-collapse supernovae. For supernovae in multiple stars, the primary stars may become neutron stars, while former companions may become unbound and become runaway stars. We wrote software for tracing back the space motion of runaway and neutron stars to young associations of massive stars. We apply it here to the nearby young Scorpius–Centaurus–Lupus groups, all known runaway stars possibly coming from there, and all 400 neutron stars with known transverse velocity. We find kinematic evidence that the runaway ζ Oph and the radio pulsar PSR B1706−16 were released by a supernova in a binary 1.78 ± 0.21 Myr ago at 107 ± 4 pc distance (for pulsar radial velocity 260 ± 43 km s−1); association age and flight time determine the progenitor mass (16–18 M⊙), which can constrain supernova nucleosynthesis yields and 60Fe uptake on Earth. In addition, we notice that the only high-mass X-ray binary in Scorpius–Centaurus–Lupus (1H11255−567 with μ1 and μ2 Cru) may include a neutron star formed in another SN, up to ∼1.8 Myr ago at 89−112 pc, i.e. also yielding 60Fe detectable on Earth. Our scenario links 60Fe found on Earth to one or two individual supernovae in multiple stars.
The main sequence of star-forming galaxies – II. A non-evolving slope at the high-mass end
Authors: Popesso P , Morselli L , Concas A , Schreiber C , Rodighiero G , Cresci G , Belli S , Ilbert O , Erfanianfar G , Mancini C , Inami H , Dickinson M , Pannella M , Elbaz D 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
By using the deepest available mid- and far-infrared surveys in the CANDELS, GOODS, and COSMOS fields we study the evolution of the main sequence (MS) of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) from z ∼ 0 to ∼ 2.5 at stellar masses larger than 1010 M⊙. The MS slope and scatter are consistent with a rescaled version of the local relation and distribution, shifted at higher values of star formation rate (SFR) according to ∝ (1 + $z$)3.2. The relation exhibits a bending at the high-mass end and a slightly increasing scatter as a function of the stellar mass. We show that the previously reported evolution of the MS slope, in the considered mass and redshift range, is due to a selection effect. The distribution of galaxies in the MS region at fixed stellar mass is well represented by a single lognormal distribution at all redshifts and masses, with starburst galaxies occupying the tail at high SFR.
A new class of galaxy models with a central BH – I. The spherical case
Authors: Ciotti Luca , Mancino Antonio , Pellegrini Silvia 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe dynamical properties of spherically symmetric galaxy models, where a Jaffe stellar density profile is embedded in a total mass density decreasing as r−3 at large radii, are presented. The orbital structure of the stellar component is described by the Osipkov–Merritt anisotropy; the dark matter halo is isotropic, and a black hole is added at the centre of the galaxy. First, the conditions for a nowhere negative and monotonically decreasing dark matter halo density profile are derived; this profile can be made asymptotically coincident with an NFW profile at the centre and large radii. Then, the minimum value of the anisotropy radius for phase-space consistency is derived as a function of the galaxy parameters. The Jeans equations for the stellar component are solved analytically; the projected velocity dispersion at the centre and large radii is also obtained, for generic values of the anisotropy radius. Finally, analytical expressions for the terms entering the Virial Theorem are derived, and the fiducial anisotropy limit required to prevent the onset of Radial Orbit Instability is determined as a function of the galaxy parameters. The presented models, built following an approach already adopted in our previous works, can be a useful starting point for a more advanced modelling of the dynamics of elliptical galaxies, and can be easily implemented in numerical simulations requiring a realistic dynamical model of a galaxy.
Astrometric and photometric study of NGC 6067, NGC 2506, and IC 4651 open clusters based on wide-field ground and Gaia DR2 data
Authors: Rangwal Geeta , Yadav R K S , Durgapal Alok , Bisht D , Nardiello D 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of three southern open star clusters NGC 6067, NGC 2506, and IC 4651 using wide-field photometric and Gaia DR2 astrometric data. They are poorly studied clusters. We took advantage of the synergy between Gaia DR2 high precision astrometric measurements and ground-based wide-field photometry to isolate cluster members and further study these clusters. We identify the cluster members using proper motions, parallax and colour–magnitude diagrams. Mean proper motion of the clusters in μαcosδ and μδ is estimated as −1.90 ± 0.01 and −2.57 ± 0.01 mas yr−1 for NGC 6067, −2.57 ± 0.01, and 3.92 ± 0.01 mas yr−1 for NGC 2506 and −2.41 ± 0.01 and −5.05 ± 0.02 mas yr−1 for IC 4651. Distances are estimated as 3.01 ± 0.87, 3.88 ± 0.42, and 1.00 ± 0.08 kpc for the clusters NGC 6067, NGC 2506, and IC 4651, respectively, using parallaxes taken from Gaia DR2 catalogue. Galactic orbits are determined for these clusters using Galactic potential models. We find that these clusters have circular orbits. Cluster radii are determined as 10 arcmin for NGC 6067, 12 arcmin for NGC 2506, and 11 arcmin for IC 4651. Ages of the clusters estimated by isochrones fitting are 66 ± 8 Myr, 2.09 ± 0.14 Gyr, and 1.59 ± 0.14 Gyr for NGC 6067, NGC 2506, and IC 4651, respectively. Mass function slope for the entire region of cluster NGC 2506 is found to be comparable with the Salpeter value in the mass range of 0.77–1.54 M⊙. The mass function analysis shows that the slope becomes flat when one goes from halo to core region in all the three clusters. A comparison of dynamical age with cluster’s age indicates that NGC 2506 and IC 4651 are dynamically relaxed clusters.
Comprehensive models of novae at metallicity Z = 0.02 and Z = 10−4
Authors: Chen Hai-Liang , Woods T E , Yungelson L R , Piersanti Luciano , Gilfanov M , Han Zhanwen 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Novae are the observational manifestations of thermonuclear runaways on the surface of accreting white dwarfs (WDs). Although novae are an ubiquitous phenomenon, their properties at low metallicity are not well understood. Using the publicly-available stellar evolution code Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (mesa), we model the evolution of accreting carbon–oxygen WDs and consider models that accrete matter with metallicity Z = 0.02 or 10−4. We consider both models without mixing and with matter enriched by CO-elements assuming that mixing occurs in the process of accretion (with mixing fraction 0.25). We present and contrast ignition mass, ejected mass, recurrence period, and maximum luminosity of novae for different WD masses and accretion rates for these metallicities and mixing cases. We find that models with Z = 0.02 have ignition masses and recurrence periods smaller than models with low Z, while the ejected mass and maximum luminosity are larger. Retention efficiency during novae outbursts decreases with increasing metallicity. In our implementation, inclusion of mixing at the H/He interface reduces accreted mass, ejected mass, and recurrence period as compared to the no-mixing case, while the maximum luminosity becomes larger. Retention efficiency is significantly reduced, becoming negative in most of our models. For ease of use, we provide a tabular summary of our results.