bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CALHM1/CALHM3 channel is intrinsically sorted to the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells including taste cells
Authors: Kashio Makiko , Wei-qi Gao , Ohsaki Yasuyoshi , Kido Mizuho A. , Taruno Akiyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe CALHM1/CALHM3 channel in the basolateral membrane of polarized taste cells mediates neurotransmitter release. However, mechanisms regulating its localization remain unexplored. Here, we identified CALHM1/CALHM3 in the basolateral membrane of type II taste cells in discrete puncta localized close to afferent nerve fibers. As in taste cells, CALHM1/CALHM3 was present in the basolateral membrane of model epithelia, although it was distributed throughout the membrane and did not show accumulation in puncta. We identified canonical basolateral sorting signals in CALHM1 and CALHM3: tyrosine-based and dileucine motifs. However, basolateral sorting remained intact in mutated channels lacking those signals, suggesting that non-canonical signals reside elsewhere. Our study demonstrates intrinsic basolateral sorting of CALHM channels in polarized cells, and provides mechanistic insights.
Paneth cell granule dynamics on secretory responses to bacterial stimuli in enteroids
Authors: Yokoi Yuki , Nakamura Kiminori , Yoneda Tsukasa , Kikuchi Mani , Sugimoto Rina , Shimizu Yu , Ayabe Tokiyoshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPaneth cells at the base of small intestinal crypts secrete granules containing α-defensins in response to bacteria and maintain the intestinal environment by clearing enteric pathogens and regulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, Paneth cell secretory responses remain debatable and the mechanisms that regulate the secretion are not well understood. Although enteroids, three-dimensional cultures of small intestinal epithelial cells, have proven useful for analyzing intestinal epithelial cell functions including ion transport, their closed structures have imposed limitations to investigating interactions between Paneth cells and the intestinal microbiota. Here, we report that microinjection of bacteria or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the enteroid lumen provides an ex vivo system for studying Paneth cell secretion in real-time. The results show that Paneth cells released granules immediately when the apical surfaces of enteroid epithelial cells were exposed to LPS or live bacteria by microinjection. However, Paneth cells did not respond to LPS delivered in culture media to enteroid exterior basolateral surface, although they responded to basolateral carbamyl choline. In addition, Paneth cells replenished their granules after secretion, enabling responses to second stimulation. These findings provide new insight for apically-induced Paneth cell secretory responses in regulating the intestinal environment.
Gut microbiota of the European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus)
Authors: Stalder G. L. , Pinior B. , Zwirzitz B. , Loncaric I. , Jakupović D. , Vetter S. G. , Smith S. , Posautz A. , Hoelzl F. , Wagner M. , Hoffmann D. , Kübber-Heiss A. , Mann E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDiseases of the gastrointestinal tract due to changes in the bacterial flora have been described with increasing incidence in the European brown hare. Despite extensive demographic and phylogeographic research, little is known about the composition of its gut microbiota and how it might vary based on potential environmental or host factors. We analysed the intestinal and faecal microbiota of 3 hare populations by Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The phyla and OTU abundance composition differed significantly between intestinal and faecal samples (PERMANOVA:P = 0.002 andP = 0.031, respectively), but in both sample typesFirmicutesandBacteroidetesdominated the microbial community composition (45.51% and 19.30% relative abundance). Intestinal samples contained an enrichment ofProteobacteriacompared with faecal samples (15.71-fold change,P < 0.001). At OTU level, a significant enrichment with best BLAST hits to theEscherichia-Shigellagroup,Eubacterium limosum,Sphingomonas kyeonggiensis,Flintibacter butyricusandBlautia faeciswere detected in intestinal samples (P < 0.05). In our statistical model, geographic location and possibly associated environmental factors had a greater impact on the microbiota composition than host factors. Population had a significant effect on the composition of abundant intestinal and faecal OTUs, and on the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria of the familyEnterobacteriaceae, regularly associated with intestinal dysbiosis in hares, in faecal samples. Our study is the first to describe the microbiota in brown hares and provides a foundation to generate hypothesis aiming to test the role of gut health in population fluctuations of the species.
How to predict seasonal weather and monsoons with radionuclide monitoring
Authors: Terzi Lucrezia , Kalinowski Martin , Schoeppner Michael , Wotawa Gerhard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMonsoon in India is of particular importance for the $2 trillion economy, highly dependent on agriculture. Monsoon rains water two-thirds of India’s harvest. However, the monsoon season also causes large-scale flooding, resulting in loss of human life and economic damage estimated around $7 billion annually. Beryllium-7 is a tracer that can be used to monitor the intensity of stratosphere-troposphere exchange, which varies in accordance with the annual cycle of the global atmospheric circulation (Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells). Based on the beryllium-7 data collected globally as part of the monitoring of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, the presented empirical method demonstrates the possibility to predict the start, withdrawal and intensity of the Indian monsoon season. Onset can be forecasted with an unprecedented accuracy of ±3 days, 2 months in advance compared to 1–3 weeks in advance by traditional methods. Applying this new method will enable better preparation for economic and natural hazard impacts of the monsoon season in India. This method can also be extended to other regions where the movement of Hadley cells governs monsoon onset and withdrawal.
Circadian regulation in human white adipose tissue revealed by transcriptome and metabolic network analysis
Authors: Christou Skevoulla , Wehrens Sophie M. T. , Isherwood Cheryl , Möller-Levet Carla S. , Wu Huihai , Revell Victoria L. , Bucca Giselda , Skene Debra J. , Laing Emma E. , Archer Simon N. , Johnston Jonathan D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStudying circadian rhythms in most human tissues is hampered by difficulty in collecting serial samples. Here we reveal circadian rhythms in the transcriptome and metabolic pathways of human white adipose tissue. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was taken from seven healthy males under highly controlled ‘constant routine’ conditions. Five biopsies per participant were taken at six-hourly intervals for microarray analysis and in silico integrative metabolic modelling. We identified 837 transcripts exhibiting circadian expression profiles (2% of 41619 transcript targeting probes on the array), with clear separation of transcripts peaking in the morning (258 probes) and evening (579 probes). There was only partial overlap of our rhythmic transcripts with published animal adipose and human blood transcriptome data. Morning-peaking transcripts associated with regulation of gene expression, nitrogen compound metabolism, and nucleic acid biology; evening-peaking transcripts associated with organic acid metabolism, cofactor metabolism and redox activity. In silico pathway analysis further indicated circadian regulation of lipid and nucleic acid metabolism; it also predicted circadian variation in key metabolic pathways such as the citric acid cycle and branched chain amino acid degradation. In summary, in vivo circadian rhythms exist in multiple adipose metabolic pathways, including those involved in lipid metabolism, and core aspects of cellular biochemistry.
Males have more aggressive and less sociable personalities than females in semi-captive Asian elephants
Authors: Seltmann Martin W. , Helle Samuli , Htut Win , Lahdenperä Mirkka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPersonality, i.e. consistent between-individual differences in behaviour, has been documented in many species. Yet little is known about how males and females of long-lived, highly social species differ in their measures of personality structure. We investigated sex differences in the mean, variance, and covariance of three previously reported personality traits (Attentiveness, Sociability, Aggressiveness) in 150 female and 107 male Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) from a semi-captive population in Myanmar. These three personality traits were obtained by performing exploratory factor analysis on 28 behavioural items that had been rated by experienced elephant handlers. We found that males scored significantly higher on Aggressiveness and tended to score lower on Sociability than females. However, no sex difference was found in the mean scores of Attentiveness. Variances for the three personality traits did not differ between the sexes, suggesting that male and female elephants share the same range of personality variation. Likewise, trait covariances were similar between the sexes. While both sexes show complex sociality in the wild, female Asian elephants typically live in highly social family units, whereas male elephants’ social bonds are weaker. Males usually form dominance ranks by aggressive interactions, especially during musth. Our results on a large sample of individuals living in their natural environment are thus in agreement with elephant life-histories and parallel the findings of sex differences in other long-lived highly social species with similar life-histories.
Evolutionary history of the medaka long-wavelength sensitive genes and effects of artificial regression by gene loss on behavioural photosensitivity
Authors: Harada Yumi , Matsuo Megumi , Kamei Yasuhiro , Goto Mayuko , Fukamachi Shoji 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTandem gene duplication has led to an expansion of cone-opsin repertoires in many fish, but the resulting functional advantages have only been conjectured without empirical demonstration. Medaka (Oryzias latipes and O. sakaizumii) have eight (two red, three green, two blue, and one violet) cone opsin genes. Absorbance maxima (λmax) of the proteins vary from 356 nm to 562 nm, but those of the red opsins (long-wavelength sensitive; LWS) are nearly identical, obscuring the necessity of their coexistence. Here, we compared the LWSa and LWSb loci of these sister species and found that the gene duplication occurred long before the latipes–sakaizumii speciation (4–18 million years ago), and the high sequence similarity between the paralogues is the result of at least two events of gene conversion. These repetitive gene conversions would indicate the importance for medaka of retaining two identical LWSs in the genome. However, a newly established medaka mutant with a single LWS showed no defect in LWS expression or behavioural red-light sensitivity, demonstrating functional redundancy of the paralogs. Thus, as with many other genes after whole-genome duplication, the redundant LWS might be on the way to being lost from the current cone opsin repertoire. Thus, non-allelic gene conversion may temporarily provide an easier and more frequent solution than gene loss for reducing genetic diversity, which should be considered when assessing history of gene evolution by phylogenetic analyses.
Hard particle force in a soft fracture
Authors: Sun Jichao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe fissure patency of a rock mass is an important factor contributing towards the fluid production efficiency. Debris particles generated by the crushing of rock masses or other external forces can cause blockage or promote the smoothness of rock fractures. It is of immense theoretical and engineering value to analyze the mechanics of particles in rock fissures, especially under the compression of rock from both sides. In this study, through static analysis, the resultant force of particles in rock fissures is extruded by rock on both sides. The following conclusions are drawn: The resultant force increases first and then decrease with the increase of fissure angle and width when x is constant. The extreme point is at sinθ = R/(3x), h = 2 R(9x2 − R2)0.5/(9x) and the maximum of F is 8πkR4/(27x). Whereas, the bigger the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) of fissure is, the larger the average of fissure open angle is and the larger the average width is. As the JRC increases, the average resultant force decreases. The sharp point at the turning point of the fissure is easily broken, and the fissure width becomes larger, which makes the resultant force decrease. The analysis process expands the application prospects of the JRC. The results help to better understand the blockage and transport of particles in rock fissures.
Artificial intelligence for precision oncology: beyond patient stratification
Authors: Azuaje Francisco 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe data-driven identification of disease states and treatment options is a crucial challenge for precision oncology. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers unique opportunities for enhancing such predictive capabilities in the lab and the clinic. AI, including its best-known branch of research, machine learning, has significant potential to enable precision oncology well beyond relatively well-known pattern recognition applications, such as the supervised classification of single-source omics or imaging datasets. This perspective highlights key advances and challenges in that direction. Furthermore, it argues that AI’s scope and depth of research need to be expanded to achieve ground-breaking progress in precision oncology.
A simple high-throughput approach identifies actionable drug sensitivities in patient-derived tumor organoids
Authors: Phan Nhan , Hong Jenny J. , Tofig Bobby , Mapua Matthew , Elashoff David , Moatamed Neda A. , Huang Jin , Memarzadeh Sanaz , Damoiseaux Robert , Soragni Alice 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTumor organoids maintain cell–cell interactions, heterogeneity, microenvironment, and drug response of the sample they originate from. Thus, there is increasing interest in developing tumor organoid models for drug development and personalized medicine applications. Although organoids are in principle amenable to high-throughput screenings, progress has been hampered by technical constraints and extensive manipulations required by current methods. Here we introduce a miniaturized method that uses a simplified geometry by seeding cells around the rim of the wells (mini-rings). This allows high-throughput screenings in a format compatible with automation as shown using four patient-derived tumor organoids established from two ovarian and one peritoneal high-grade serous carcinomas and one carcinosarcoma of the ovary. Using our automated screening platform, we identified personalized responses by measuring viability, number, and size of organoids after exposure to 240 kinase inhibitors. Results are available within a week from surgery, a timeline compatible with therapeutic decision-making.
Risk prediction models for dementia constructed by supervised principal component analysis using miRNA expression data
Authors: Shigemizu Daichi , Akiyama Shintaro , Asanomi Yuya , Boroevich Keith A. , Sharma Alok , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko , Matsukuma Kana , Ichikawa Makiko , Sudo Hiroko , Takizawa Satoko , Sakurai Takashi , Ozaki Kouichi , Ochiya Takahiro , Niida Shumpei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common subtype of dementia, followed by Vascular Dementia (VaD), and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have received a lot of attention as the novel biomarkers for dementia. Here, using serum miRNA expression of 1,601 Japanese individuals, we investigated potential miRNA biomarkers and constructed risk prediction models, based on a supervised principal component analysis (PCA) logistic regression method, according to the subtype of dementia. The final risk prediction model achieved a high accuracy of 0.873 on a validation cohort in AD, when using 78 miRNAs: Accuracy = 0.836 with 86 miRNAs in VaD; Accuracy = 0.825 with 110 miRNAs in DLB. To our knowledge, this is the first report applying miRNA-based risk prediction models to a dementia prospective cohort. Our study demonstrates our models to be effective in prospective disease risk prediction, and with further improvement may contribute to practical clinical use in dementia.
Micro-Raman imaging of isomeric segregation in small-molecule organic semiconductors
Authors: Huang Chiung-Wei , You Xiao , Diemer Peter J. , Petty Anthony J. , Anthony John E. , Jurchescu Oana D. , Atkin Joanna M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCharge transport in organic semiconductors is highly sensitive to film heterogeneity and intermolecular interactions, but probing these properties on the length scales of disorder is often difficult. Here we use micro-Raman spectroscopy to assign vibrational modes of isomerically pure syn and anti 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (diF-TES ADT) by comparing to density functional theory calculations. With polarization-dependent measurements, we determine the orientation of crystallites in pure isomers. In mixed-isomer samples, we observe narrow linewidths and superposition spectra, indicating coexistence of isomerically pure sub-domains on length scales smaller than the probe area. Using the ring breathing modes close to 1300 cm−1 as indicators of the pure isomer crystalline sub-domains, we image their spatial distribution with 200-nm resolution. These results demonstrate the power of micro-Raman spectroscopy for investigating spatial heterogeneities and clarifying the origin of the reduced charge carrier mobility displayed in mixed-isomer diF-TES ADT.
Unterschiede der selbst-berichteten Arbeitsbedingungen in
unterschiedlichen Dienststellen bei der Einführung eines Betrieblichen
Gesundheitsmanagements
Authors: Sammito Stefan , Schöne Klaus , Claus Annika , Rose Dirk-Matthias 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Zum 01.01.2015 wurde im Zuständigkeitsbereich des
Bundesministerium der Verteidigung (BMVg) eine Erprobungsphase zur
Einführung des Betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagement (BGM) an elf
ausgesuchten Erprobungsdienststellen in Deutschland gestartet. Die Dienststellen
zeigten eine möglichst große Heterogenität in
Zusammensetzung der jeweiligen Belegschaft und den Aufgaben der jeweiligen
Dienststellen. Ziel der Eprobungsphase war es Maßnahmen und Erfahrungen
für die weitere Ausfächerung zu erhalten. Auf Basis einer
Mitarbeiterbefragung wurde der Ist-Zustand zu Beginn der Einführung
erhoben.
Methodik Dies wurde mittels einer freiwilligen Mitarbeiterbefragung bei
allen 9267 Beschäftigten durchgeführt. Hierzu wurde eine
Kombination aus einer webbasierten Onlinebefragung und einer klassischen
Paper-Pencil-Befragung genutzt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen 2076 (22,4%) aller
Beschäftigten an der Befragung teil. Es zeigten sich zwischen den
unterschiedlichen Dienststellen in allen Themenblöcke
(„Führungsverhalten/Soziale Aspekte“,
„Arbeitsgestaltung“, „Arbeitsverantwortung“,
„Arbeitsmittel“, „Umgebungsbedingungen“,
„Arbeitsverhalten“, „Psychische Gesundheit“,
„Stress“, „Commitment“,
„Ernährung“ und
„Bewegung/Sport“) mit Ausnahme des Themenblock
„Gesundheitsverhalten“ signifikante Unterschiede.
Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegende Analyse zeigt deutlich, dass bei der
Einführung eines BGM eine dienststellenbezogene Zustandserhebung
notwendig ist, um bedarfsgerecht und zielgerichtet ein bei knappen Ressourcen
sinnvolles BGM durchzuführen.
Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Intelligenzminderung und psychischen Störungen in Deutschland
Authors: Haessler Frank , Paeckert Julia , Reis Olaf 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Versorgungssituation intelligenzgeminderter Kinder und Jugendlicher mit psychischen Auffälligkeiten durch die Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie in Deutschland im Jahre 2014, d. h. 10 Jahre nach einer vergleichbaren Erhebung der ersten Versorgungsstudie von Hennicke.
Methodik Postalische Befragung aller Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrischen Kliniken (n=138) nebst direkter individueller Kontakte durch die Autoren, wobei 46 (33%) antworteten.
Ergebnisse 8 Kliniken (17%) verfügten entweder über ein spezialisiertes ambulantes oder stationäres Angebot, 3 Kliniken (7%) über beides. Der durchschnittliche Anteil stationär versorgter Kinder und Jugendlicher mit Intelligenzminderung (IM) lag bei 6,6%, tagesklinisch bei 7,9% und ambulant bei 3%. Das stationäre Angebot für diese Patientengruppe schätzten 54% der befragten Kliniken als mangelhaft bis ungenügend ein und 43% die ambulante Versorgung. Im Rahmen der Behandlung psychischer Störungen bei intelligenzgeminderten Kindern und Jugendlichen wurden den Standards des Fachgebietes entsprechend verschiedene Behandlungsansätze in Abhängigkeit vom Schweregrad der Behinderung verfolgt. Während der Einsatz funktioneller Übungsbehandlungen und, eltern- und familienbezogener Therapien und anderer umfeldbezogener Interventionen vom Behinderungsgrad unabhängig häufig erfolgte, sank der Einsatz von Psychotherapien mit steigendem Behinderungsgrad der Patienten. – und zwar auf fast die Hälfte des Wertes bei schwer Intelligenzgeminderten im Vergleich zu Lernbehinderten. Zugleich stieg der Anteil verabreichter Psychopharmaka mit steigendem Behinderungsgrad der Patienten deutlich an. Schwer Intelligenzgeminderte erhielten laut den aktuell erhobenen Daten fast doppelt so häufig psychotrope Medikamente (65%) wie Lernbehinderte (37%).
Schlussfolgerung An der insgesamt defizitären Versorgungssituation der psychisch vulnerablen intelligenzgeminderten Kinder und jugendlichen hat sich im Vergleich zu 2004 kaum etwas geändert, auch wenn ein leichter Anstieg der spezialisierten Angebote verzeichnet werden kann. Medikamente kamen seltener zum Einsatz als andere Therapieverfahren. Das Verhältnis des Einsatzes nichtmedikamentöser Behandlungsformen (inkl. Psychotherapie) gegenüber Psychopharmaka in der Therapie psychischer Störungen bei intelligenzgeminderten Kindern und Jugendlichen unabhängig vom Behinderungsgrad zeigt , dass fast ausnahmslos alle nichtmedikamentösen Behandlungsformen verhältnismäßig häufiger eingesetzt wurden als psychotrope Medikamente.