bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Ultrasound and Arsenic Trioxide on Neurogliocytoma Cells and Secondary Activation of Macrophages
Authors: Xu Yonggang , Zhang Yafang , Liu Xiaoqian , Wang Zhi , Ma Jing , Wang Jie , Yue Wu 
Published: February 2018

Aims and Background As a new technique for clinical therapeutics, ultrasound has synergistic effects on traditional chemotherapy. Arsenic trioxide (AS2O3), an apoptosis-inducing drug, has successfully been used in the treatment of some tumor types in recent years. Macrophages have both positive and negative effects on the occurrence and development of tumors. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of ultrasound and AS2O3 on a glioma cell line and the secondary activation of macrophages by cell death, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of AS2O3 and ultrasound in glioma treatment. Methods Different AS2O3 concentrations were used solely or combined with ultrasound in rat glioma C6 cells to induce cell death. The degree of C6 cell death was determined by AnnexinV-FITC and PI double staining. The intracellular arsenium concentration and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from C6 cells were also measured. The supernatant of C6 cells was then used to stimulate macrophages. Finally the activation of NF-κB and the secretion of TNF-α and TGF-β1 by macrophages were determined. Results The cell death increase in the group where ultrasound was used together with AS2O3 was significantly higher than that obtained by either ultrasound or AS2O3. The increase was also significantly higher than the sum of the increases in the ultrasound and the AS2O3 only groups. At the same AS2O3 concentration, additional treatment with ultrasound can significantly increase the intracellular arsenium concentration. The release of LDH from C6 cells showed a close, direct correlation with late apoptosis and necrosis, but did not exhibit an obvious correlation with early apoptosis. The activation of NF-κB and the secretion of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in macrophages also showed a close direct correlation with late apoptosis and necrosis. Conclusions This in vitro study demonstrates that ultrasound may synergistically enhance the cell-killing effect by promoting AS2O3 to enter the C6 cells. Macrophages may be activated by killed C6 cells, especially by necrotic C6 cells.
Pilot Study of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Huge Hepatocellular Carcinoma Unsuitable for Other Therapies
Authors: Shin Young-Joo , Kim Mi-Sook , Yoo Seong Yul , Cho Chul Koo , Seo Young Seok , Kang Jin-kyu , Park Su Cheol , Han Chul Ju , Kim Sang Beom , Lee Byong Hee , Lee Dong Han 
Published: February 2018

Aims To determine the feasibility and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for huge hepatocellular carcinoma unsuitable for other therapies. Methods Six patients with very large hepatocellular carcinomas (>10 cm) unsuitable for surgical resection or that failed to respond to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were treated by SBRT. Doses ranged from 32 Gy to 40 Gy in four fractions. Survival, response, and toxicities were evaluated. Results After a median follow-up of 25.9 months (range 8.1-56 months), three patients had died and three were alive. Overall, treatment was well tolerated and no dose-limiting toxicity or radiation-induced liver disease was observed. The median survival was 10 months (range 3–56 months) and the median progression-free duration was 6 months (range, 2–21 months). Partial response was achieved by four patients, stable disease by one, and one patient had disease progression. One patient with a partial response who underwent lobectomy after SBRT was alive 56 months post-SBRT. Conclusion This study suggests that SBRT can be delivered safely at 32–40 Gy in four fractions to huge hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, combinations of SBRT with other modalities such as surgery or TACE might prolong survival.
Feasibility of tomotherapy to reduce cochlea radiation dose in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Nguyen Nam P , Ceizyk Misty , Vinh-Hung Vincent , Sroka Thomas , Jang Siyoung , Khan Rihan , Locke Angela , Albala Gabby , Truong Christina , Godinez Juan , Vo Richard , Smith-Raymond Lexie 
Published: February 2018

Aims and background To evaluate the effectiveness of tomotherapy-based image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) on the radiation dose to the cochlea in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer. Methods and study design A retrospective review of five patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiation with tomotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer was performed. Results The mean dose to the right and left cochlea was 25 Gy and 35.3 Gy respectively, while the dose to the gross tumor ranged from 70 to 75 Gy. All patients had excellent clinical response to the treatment at a median follow-up of five months. Conclusions IGRT for head and neck cancer delivered by tomotherapy can significantly decrease the radiation dose to the cochlea without sacrificing target volume coverage.
User characteristics that influence judgment of social engineering attacks in social networks
Authors: Albladi Samar Muslah , Weir George R. S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSocial engineering is a growing source of information security concern. Exploits appear to evolve, with increasing levels of sophistication, in order to target multiple victims. Despite increased concern with this risk, there has been little research activity focused upon social engineering in the potentially rich hunting ground of social networks. In this setting, factors that influence users’ proficiency in threat detection need to be understood if we are to build a profile of susceptible users, develop suitable advice and training programs, and generally help address this issue for those individuals most likely to become targets of social engineering in social networks. To this end, the present study proposes and validates a user-centric framework based on four perspectives: socio-psychological, habitual, socio-emotional, and perceptual. Previous research tends to rely on selected aspects of these perspectives and has not combined them into a single model for a more cohesive understanding of user’s susceptibility.
Silver paints in medieval manuscripts: a first molecular survey into their degradation
Authors: Araújo Rita , Nabais Paula , Pombo Cardoso Isabel , Casanova Conceição , Lemos Ana , Melo Maria J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The lack of comprehensive studies on silver paints in manuscripts is a handicap to new stabilization strategies and treatments. This work develops and tests a methodological approach for the study of the degradation of silver paints, at the molecular level, using as a case study a French Book of Hours dated from the 15th century from Mafra National Palace collection. In this paper, we show that the global equation commonly used by the cultural heritage community to describe the tarnishing of silver proves to be insufficient to understand the main factor causing its severe and extensive darkening in medieval illuminated manuscripts. This equation depicts the degradation of silver instantly with a sulphide containing species as H2S. Recent research has solidly proved that the first intermediate of silver oxidation is Ag2O. This theme will be presented in a forthcoming review. Within this framework, we selected four typologies of silver paints, all analysed by in situ techniques and four as microsamples; due to the very small size and fragility of the microsamples, new methods of sample preparation were developed and tested. The main research questions include: (1) understanding how silver-based colour are formed, disclosing its full stratigraphy; (2) define if the other compounds present, such as colour paints and the ground, may affect silver oxidation by stabilizing or accelerating it; (3) comprehend if it is possible to characterize the degradation products of silver paints with the methodology developed in this work, both in the bulk and at the interfaces between layers. Overall our results show that silver-based colours exhibit a complex stratigraphy that impacts its conservation condition. Further research at the molecular level is required on the correlation of the main components of the ground (binder and filler such as gypsum and calcium carbonate) and the paints that are applied as layers over or under the silver leaf. Our case studies have shown that both in situ analytical techniques and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis in the microsamples, provide relevant information on the silver colour stratigraphy. However, the information obtained studying cross-sections is more accurate. We consider that the study of the degradation mechanism of silver in medieval illuminated manuscripts will require the combination of both approaches; in situ methodologies support the relevance of the data acquired on the microsamples. Microsamples studies will make possible the acquisition of data that is fundamental to understand the darkening of silver paints and this, in turn, is essential to develop informed and sustainable conservation policies.
Colour identification, degradation processes and findings in a fifteenth-century Book of Hours: the case study of Cofre n.º 31 from Mafra National Palace
Authors: Carvalho Isamara , Casanova Conceição , Araújo Rita , Lemos Ana 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper presents the work done as part of a master dissertation on Conservation and Restoration at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon. The “Cofre n.º 31” is a French fifteenth century Book of Hours from the Library of the National Palace of Mafra, Portugal. This prayer book, composed by illuminations and devotional texts, was in bad condition due mainly to the rebinding done between eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. According to the assessment of the state of conservation, the main damages observed in the text block and binding were: volume distortion, loose and deformed gatherings, distortion and cockling of folios, and damages in the illuminations. The pigments palette was identified by µ-EDXRF, FORS, µ-Raman and µ-FTIR, which is consistent with the materials used in the fifteenth century. Nevertheless, some particular application techniques such as mixtures and overlays were found, namely in the red colours and specifically in the metallic leaves. Some of these colours also show specific degradation: darkening of the mixture of minium and vermillion; silver tarnishing with strong migration into the parchment support, especially when associated with minium; detachment of azurite, lead white and its mixtures, such as flesh tones and light colours. The main deterioration processes associated to silver and pigments can be assigned to their reactions with humidity and air pollutants, to the grain size of the pigments and to mechanical factors related to the book binding and its use. The presence of different pigments application techniques in different groups of folios lead us to conclude for the existence of a pigments palette with variations, and finally, three different illuminators and two different techniques, confirming the proposals of art history studies.
Intraoperative frozen section as a reliable ancillary technique in salivary gland surgery: A cross sectional study
Authors: Marzullo Andrea , Serio Gabriella , Madami Luigi , Pezzuto Federica , Fortarezza Francesco , Quaranta Nicola , Fiorella Maria Luisa , Lettini Teresa , Resta Leonardo , Marrelli Massimo , Tatullo Marco , Santacroce Luigi 
Published: February 2018

Background.Salivary glands tumours are uncommon, frequently benign lesions, prevalently located in the parotid gland (80%). Surgical decision making is based on the patient’s history, examination findings, imaging and fine needle aspiration (FNA). FNA is a pre-operative method with good ability in detecting malignancy. During surgery, therefore, Frozen section (FS) can differentiate benign lesions from malignant tumours, to reduce incorrect treatments, to increase the chances of conservative surgery and to better evaluate surgical margins. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the accuracy of the FS procedure in surgery of the salivary glands and to stress the need for dedicated pathology units specialized in lesions of the oral cavity.Methods. The study included 499 patients who underwent surgery from May 2005 and October 2014. An intra-operative frozen section procedure was done for 288 of them. All frozen sections were compared with the final results. The cases were classified by site, nature of the lesion and histotype, according to the WHO classification. Comparison was made between the intra-operative and the definitive diagnosis.Results.Of the 288 FS procedures, 259 were for neoplastic lesions, 199 of which benign and 60 malignant, and 29 for non-neoplastic lesions. Of the 259 neoplastic FS results, 2 were shown to be false positives and 2 were diagnosed as different malignant types. Of the 29 non-neoplastic FS results, 4 were false negatives.Conclusions.Our results showed that the accuracy of frozen section procedure is 98% for salivary glands tumors. The highest concordance between frozen section and the definitive diagnosis was for inflammatory processes (99%), pleomorphic adenoma (98%), Warthin’s tumor (97%) and malignant neoplasms (96%). In conclusion, based on these findings, frozen section of the salivary glands may be proposed as a routine procedure and should be used in decision-making.
Experiências pioneiras de participação popular no urbano: novos desafios ao assistente social
Authors: Oliveira Natália Coelho de 
Published: February 2018

Resumo − Este artigo reflete parte da contribuição e produção acadêmica de assistentes sociais acerca das experiências de trabalho com educação e participação popular realizadas entre as décadas de 1960 e 1980, com base na pesquisa documental em artigos da Revista Serviço Social e Sociedade e nas principais obras datadas deste período histórico. Esse período possibilitou um avanço no trabalho de conscientização e educação popular junto aos movimentos populares urbanos, proporcionando um legado teórico-metodológico para a categoria profissional e relevantes reflexões sobre a nossa prática. Além disso, também cabe ao artigo levantar alguns desafios de caráter comparativo ao tempo presente no que tange ao trabalho social desenvolvido no Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), principal programa habitacional brasileiro. Palavras-Chave: participação popular; educação popular; Serviço Social; urbano; habitação. Abstract − This article reflects part of the contribution and academic production of social workers on work experiences with education and popular participation carried out between the 1960s and 1980s, based on documentary research in articles of the Brazilian journal Revista Serviço Social e Sociedade and in the main works dating from that historical period. This period allowed an advance in the raising of awareness and popular education with the popular urban movements, providing a theoretical and methodological legacy for the professional category and relevant reflections on our practice. In addition, it is also up to the article to raise some comparative challenges to the present time regarding the social work developed in the government program Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV), the main Brazilian housing program. Keywords: popular participation; popular education; social work; urban; housing.
O Movimento de Reconceituação no Brasil: O Projeto Profissional da Escola de Serviço Social da Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (1964-1980)
Authors: Batistoni Maria Rosângela 
Published: February 2018

Resumo − O resgate histórico e teórico do projeto profissional da Escola de Serviço Social da Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, em Belo Horizonte, constitui um dos subprojetos da pesquisa coletiva O Movimento de Reconceituação do Serviço Social na América Latina (Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Colômbia): determinantes históricos, interlocuções internacionais e memória. Naquela Escola foi formulado o conhecido “Método Belo Horizonte”, expressão do Movimento de Reconceituação latino-americano na particularidade brasileira. Tendo isso em vista, o presente artigo apresenta os eixos, pressupostos e caminhos investigativos na apreensão de suas bases sociopolíticas, privilegiando suas concepções teórico-metodológicas norteadoras, seus vínculos com as forças contestadoras da profissão nos países de língua hispânica, sua experimentação através da extensão e estágios, suas influências e seus desdobramentos para o Serviço Social. Palavras-Chave: Movimento de Reconceituação; ditadura militar; “Método Belo Horizonte”; fundamentos do Serviço Social. Abstract − Analyzing the experience of the Belo Horizonte School is one of the focuses of the collective research project “The Reconceptualization Movement of Social Services in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Colombia): historical factors, international dialogues and memory.” This school formulated the famous Belo Horizonte method, expression of the Latin American reconceptualization in Brazil. This article presents the axes, assumptions and investigative paths in the apprehension of its socio-political bases, privileging its theoretical-methodological conceptions, its links with the forces challenging the profession in Spanish-speaking countries, its experimentation through extension and stages, and its influences and developments in social work. Keywords: reconceptualization movement; military dictators; Belo Horizonte method; fundamentals of social work.
Revisitando o Serviço Social clássico
Authors: Costa Gilmaisa Macedo da 
Published: February 2018

Resumo − Este artigo tem por finalidade revisitar o tema das origens do Serviço Social em seu processo de institucionalização nos Estados Unidos. Expõe aspectos das bases históricas e teóricas da profissão, revelando conteúdos referentes ao Serviço Social clássico, hoje pouco analisado no interior da formação, limitando possivelmente a informação aos estudantes e profissionais sobre a produção do Serviço Social em seu contexto originário e talvez até mesmo a crítica a ele realizada. O texto trata do pensamento de Mary Ellen Richmond e sua proposição do Serviço Social de casos individuais, mostrando as bases teórico-metodológicas para uma ação sobre os indivíduos sociais em meio a um conjunto de interpretações divergentes sobre o tema. O pensamento de Richmond exerceu forte influência no Serviço Social europeu e no Brasil, oferecendo o suporte para que se fizesse uma crítica às tendências oriundas da base positivista e as insuficiências ali contidas como proposição conservadora. Palavras-Chave: Serviço Social clássico; institucionalização; bases teórico-metodológicas. Abstract − This article aims to revisit the origins of social work in its process of institutionalization in the United States. It exposes aspects of the historical and theoretical bases of the profession, revealing contents referring to classic social work that are little analyzed today in undergraduate courses, possibly restricting information valuable to students and professionals about the inception of social work in its original context and perhaps even the criticism it received. The text deals with the thought of Mary Ellen Richmond and her proposal of the social work of individual cases, showing the theoretical-methodological bases for an action on social individuals in the middle of a set of divergent interpretations on the subject. Richmond's thought exerted a strong influence on both European and Brazilian social work, offering support to the criticism of tendencies originating from the Positivist base and the inadequacies contained therein as a conservative proposition. Keywords: classic social work; institutionalization; theoretical-methodological bases.
A formação profissional em Serviço Social no Brasil: uma trajetória construída por avanços e desafios
Authors: Portes Melissa Ferreira , Portes Lorena Ferreira 
Published: February 2018

Resumo − O presente artigo apresenta sínteses aproximativas que foram construídas através de estudos e pesquisas realizadas por dois grupos de pesquisa sobre formação profissional em Serviço Social em uma universidade estadual do Paraná. Através de revisão de literatura, o artigo se propõe a recuperar os diferentes projetos formativos que se fizeram presentes na trajetória sócio-histórica do Serviço Social brasileiro. Partindo das diretrizes curriculares de 1996, problematiza a formação graduada, levando em considerando a tendência privatista que predomina no ensino superior brasileiro e que traz repercussões na formação profissional em Serviço Social. Aponta elementos para adensar o debate sobre o tema em questão, reafirmando a tarefa de se formar assistentes sociais considerando a dupla natureza da profissão: analítica e interventiva. Palavras-Chave: Serviço Social; formação profissional; exercício profissional; natureza analítica e interventiva. Abstract − This article presents approximate summaries that were constructed through studies and research carried out by two research groups on professional training in social work at a state university of Paraná, Brazil. Through a literature review, the article proposes to recover the different formative projects that were present in the socio-historical trajectory of Brazilian social work. Starting from the curricular guidelines of 1996, it problematizes the graduate course structure, taking in consideration the tendency to privatize that predominates in Brazilian higher education and that brings repercussions in the professional formation in social work. It points out elements to deepen the debate on the subject in question, reaffirming the task of training social workers considering the dual nature of the profession: analytical and interventional.Keywords: social work; professional training; professional practice; analytical and interventional nature.
A contrarreforma do Estado na ideologia neoestruturalista da Cepal
Authors: Burginski Vanda Micheli 
Published: February 2018

Resumo – Este artigo explicita a afinidade entre o pensamento neoestruturalista da Cepal e o neoliberalismo, tendo como foco o papel do Estado na acumulação capitalista em face à crise estrutural do capital. O objetivo é trazer os principais elementos teóricos do pensamento estruturalista clássico da Cepal para demonstrar que o neoestruturalismo não se constitui em alternativa ao neoliberalismo. O Estado é acionado para estabelecer a primazia do mercado na definição do desenvolvimento, no sentido de fazer com que as regulações referentes à legislação trabalhista e os direitos sociais sejam reduzidas, em sintonia com as contrarreformas em curso. O programa neoestruturalista não produz enfrentamentos às medidas regressivas que acirram a barbarização da vida social, o que sugere a mobilização de forças sociais para a construção coletiva de um programa de esquerda, de transição para outra sociabilidade. Palavras-Chave: Cepal; neoliberalismo; neoestruturalismo; contrarreforma; Estado. Abstract – This article explores the affinity between neoestructuralist thinking of ECLAC and neoliberalism, focusing on the role of the state in capitalist accumulation in face of the structural capital crisis. Its goal is to bring the main theoretical elements of classical estructural thinking of ECLAC to demonstrate that neostructuralism does not constitute an alternative to neoliberalism. The state is called upon to establish the defining role of the market primacy in development, in order to ensure that regulations regarding labor legislation and social rights are reduced, in tune with current counter-reformations. The neoestructuralist program does not produce confrontations with regressive measures that aggravate the barbarization of social life, which suggests the mobilization of social forces for the collective construction of a left-wing program, in transition to another type of sociability. Keywords: ECLAC; neoliberalism; neostructuralism; counter-reformation; State.