bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Mekanika Teknik Siswa Kelas X TGB di SMK Negeri 26 Jakarta
Authors: Mustiani Shinthia , Iriani Tuti , Arthur Riyan 
Published: January 2019

Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar mata pelajaran mekanika teknik pada siswa kelas X TGB di SMK Negeri 26 Jakarta. Penelitian berlangsung Maret sampai dengan Mei 2016.
Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Penelitian Tindakan (Action Research) sebanyak tiga siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X TGB 1 SMK Negeri 26 Jakarta. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah tes, observasi, catatan lapangan dan dokumentasi. Indikator keberhasilan dalam penelitian ini apabila penguasaan materi peserta didik mencapai 75% dari tujuan yang seharusnya dicapai, dengan Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal 66.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Mekanika Teknik siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatkan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dari pre test ke post test, peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar yang terjadi pada siklus I sebesar 25,47. Peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar yang terjadi pada siklus II sebesar 26,09. Sedangkan peningkatan yang terjadi pada siklus III sebesar 26,41. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa model kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu model pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mekanika teknik.
Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Bimbingan dalam Praktik Keterampilan Mengajar Terhadap Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Authors: Daryati Daryati 
Published: January 2019

Research aim is to understand the extent of relevance teaching matter in the studying to become with matter teaches at smk the technical expertise building.Research done to suggest course education building technique engineering faculty jakarta state university in determining teaching matter who would be taught, so teaching matter in learned on a course education building technique engineering faculty jakarta state university relevant to the matter teaches in learn in schools.The research in course education building technique engineering faculty jakarta state university.
Time research on november 2017 - december 2017 .Research methodology uses the method descriptive qualitative .Technique data collection used analysis the content and direct interview .
The results of the study is showed the value of relevance matter teaching lecture majors in course of study education technique building of engineering faculty jakarta state university with matter teaching in smk program expertise technique building as big as 93,33 % the subjects drawing technique, 88,89 % for the mechanics technique, 91,67 % for the construction of buildings, 100 % for the science of measuring land, to draw interiors and exterior not relevant, 42,11 % to draw the construction of buildings 1 and 2, 81,82 % for construction reinforced concrete, 84,21 % for the construction of masonry, 45,45 % for finishing building, for the implementation of wooden construction, finishing wood and technology wooden construction not relevant.
Permian Basin Production Performance Comparison Over Time and the Parent-Child Well Study
Authors: Xu Tao , Zheng Wei , Baihly Jason , Dwivedi Priyank , Shan Dan , Utech Randy , Miller Grant 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
More operators are increasing their activity level in shale oil plays as the commodity price has stabilized. Activity has been at a fever pitch in the Permian Basin where over half of the North American land rigs drilling for oil are located. Operators realize that well performance varies both positively and negatively along reservoir quality and completion design changes as well as the drilling time of infill wells. Previous studies included investigation of the average type curve for gas wells located in core areas of various unconventional plays across the US. The Permian Basin is predominantly an oil-rich basin with multiple benches; the challenge associated with discerning which bench a well was landed in makes it difficult to compare completions. This paper seeks to generate decline trends for wells drilled in the Wolfbone and Wolfberry sequences of the Permian Basin while also examining the changes in completion evolution and parent/child relationships. A similar workflow from previous studies was also applied to generate the decline curves for wells by bench and producing year.
First, the horizontal wells were categorized based on which formation the laterals were landed in. Then, the moving window approach was used to identify the parent and child wells in each major formation. Based on this information, the production performance and completion between the parent and child wells were compared by bench and completion time.
In this paper, we investigated the change in decline rate by applying the ratio of best 1-month production (B1) and the best 12 consecutive months (B12) production rate with relation to parent and child well spacing across respective formation layers. We also examined the completion factors in combination with the child/infill well production performance to determine the production improvement and degradation causes, thereby providing a reference for child/infill well design.
Right-Sized Completions: Data and Physics-Based Design for Stacked Pay Horizontal Well Development
Authors: Tanner Kevin V. , Dobbs Walter C , Nash Steven D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In some basins, large scale development of unconventional stacked-target plays requires early election of well targeting and spacing. Changes to the initial well construction framework can take years to implement due to lead times for land, permitting, and corporate planning. Over time, as operators wish to fine tune their development plans, completion design flexibility represents a powerful force for optimization. Hydraulic fracturing treatment plans may be adjusted and customized close to the time of investment.
With a practical approach that takes advantage of physics-based modeling and data analysis, we demonstrate how to create a high-confidence, integrated well spacing and completion design strategy for both frontier and mature field development. The Dynamic Stimulated Reservoir Volume (DSRV) workflow forms the backbone of the physics-based approach, constraining simulations against treatment, flow-back, production, and pressure-buildup (PBU) data. Depending on the amount of input data available and mechanisms investigated, one can invoke various levels of rigor in coupling geomechanics and fluid flow – ranging from proxies to full iterative coupling.
To answer spacing and completions questions in the Denver Basin, also known as the Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin, we extend this modeling workflow to multi-well, multi-target, and multi-variate space. With proper calibration, we are able generate production performance predictions across the field for a range of subsurface, well spacing, and completion scenarios. Results allow us to co-optimize well spacing and completion size for this multi-layer column. Insights about the impacts of geology and reservoir conditions highlight the potential for design customization across the play. Results are further validated against actual data using an elegant multi-well surveillance technique that better illuminates design space.
Several elements of subsurface characterization potentially impact the interactions among design variables. In particular, reservoir fluid property variations create important effects during injection and production. Also, both data analysis and modeling support a key relationship involving well spacing and the efficient creation of stimulated reservoir volumes. This relationship provides a lever that can be utilized to improve value based on corporate needs and commodity price. We introduce these observations to be further tested in the field and models.
Tying Horizontal Measurements to Well Performance Using Production Logs and Chemical Tracers in Multiple Wolfcamp Shale Wells, Delaware Basin
Authors: Green Larrez , Entzminger David , Tovar David , Alimahomed Adnan , Alimahomed Farhan , Defeu Cyrille , Malpani Raj 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Historically, vertical wells were used to correlate formation tops and determine the lateral continuity of the reservoir. With the advancements in horizontal drilling and logging, the industry is able to gather an immense amount of information about the rock as we drill farther away from the vertical section. Numerous industry publications indicate that approximately 40% of the perforation clusters in hydraulic fracturing do not contribute to production. Many factors play a role in such production behavior, but the most important factor is the breakdown of perforations and propagation of the hydraulic fractures through them. Several methods, such as limited entry design and placing perforations in similar type rock, have been applied to mitigate this problem; the information needed for these methods is obtained from logging the laterals or using drilling data to determine rock properties. Diagnostic tools such as production logs, permanent downhole fiber optics, radioactive tracers, and chemical tracers have been deployed to understand the varying production profiles seen across the unconventional reservoirs.
This study focuses on three wells with lateral measurements to obtain petrophysical and geomechanical rock properties (one well in the Wolfcamp B and two wells in the Wolfcamp A). The wells also had pseudo rock properties calculated using surface drilling data. In most instances, the perforation clusters in each stage were placed in good reservoir and completion quality rock with the aim to minimize the stress differential between clusters. Different perforation schemes were tested in each of the three wells - number of clusters and spacing, limited entry, and geometric design. The wellbore geosteering profile, whether in or out of zone, was also considered in relation to the subsurface structure.
Lateral measurements in all wells showed the changing lithology and rock types across the lateral. The Wolfcamp B had a production log that indicated twice as many clusters contributing in the section of engineered perforations compared to the section where the perforations were placed using the gamma ray log. Time-lapse chemical tracers in other wells indicated changing production profiles. For example, early in the life of a Wolfcamp A well, the stages with clusters picked based on logs showed the highest production contribution compared to the geometric stages, but, later, the trend started to shift in favor of the geometric clusters. The geometric stages were in an area of the wellbore where the carbonate content was highest.
Comparisons of various data sets to production performance, such as the one included in this study, will provide some insight into the heterogeneous nature of the Wolfcamp shale and the impact of varying perforation techniques on production contribution from individual clusters.
Bridging Criteria and Distribution Correlation for Proppant Transport in Primary and Secondary Fracture
Authors: Kou Rui , Moridis George , Blasingame Thomas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Several recent studies have reported that proppant "bridging" (blocking) occurs at the interface between primary and secondary fractures. Such bridging blocks flow and significantly reduces the efficiency of proppant placement. The prevention of bridging is of great importance, but the criteria for bridging formation have yet to be determined. In this numerical study of proppant transport, we propose bridging formation criteria and analyze the associated distribution correlations that quantify the amount of proppant that migrates into the secondary fractures.
To model the complex interactions between proppant particles, fracturing fluids, and fracture walls, we use the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We calibrate our model using widely accepted bed-load transport measurements. The simulation domain involves a "T-type" intersection of primary and secondary fractures. We investigate the effects of various proppant sizes and concentrations on bridging formation. In all cases, we investigate the occurrence of bridging and we quantify its impact by estimating the corresponding percentage of proppant reaching the secondary fractures.
Our simulation results show that the efficiency of proppant placement in the secondary fractures depends on the flow regime. In the suspension regime, proppant particles can be easily mobilized by the fluid drag force. This leads to a relative high proppant placement efficiency in the secondary fractures. When proppants are in the bed-load transport regime, kinetic energy transferred from the fluid drag force is dissipated by inter-particle collisions and the friction force. In this case, the amount of proppants entering the secondary fractures and the distance that proppants can cover are restricted compared to the case of proppants associated with suspension transport.
Our investigation reveals that two parameters are critical for the occurrence of proppant bridging (blocking) at the secondary fracture interface. These parameters are — the proppant concentration Cp and the ratio between the secondary fracture aperture and the proppant diameter (Rfp). At a fixed value of Rfp, continuous transport of proppant can be achieved when Cp is lower than a threshold value. Based on this finding, we use Rfp and Cp to propose a blocking criterion correlation.
Generation of In-Situ Proppant through Hydro-Thermal Reactions
Authors: Tong Songyang , Miller Chammi , Mohanty Kishore 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
During hydraulic fracturing treatments, proppants often settle near-wellbore in low viscosity fracturing fluids (e.g., slick water) and leave a large fractured surface unpropped. Poor placement of proppant could lead to a loss of fracture conductivity and undermine the productivity of shale wells. In addition, lots of microfractures are too narrow to accommodate commercial proppants and would close during production. In this study, a hydro-thermal reaction is proposed to generate hydroxyapatite crystals on calcite-rich shale surface to act as in-situ proppants to improve fracture conductivity. First, batch experiments were conducted in both low salinity frac water and seawater brine. Crystals were generated in both low and high salinity (and hard) brines. The crystals grew to several hundred microns and tended to form along calcite-rich layers, according to SEM image analysis. The hardness data showed that properly designed formulations could avoid the shale softening effect. Second, reactive flow experiments were performed to evaluate fracture conductivity change after chemical treatment. A typical 3-10 times increase in post fracture conductivity was observed for both reservoir and outcrop shale samples.
Integrated Analysis of the Coupling Between Geomechanics and Operational Parameters to Optimize Hydraulic Fracture Propagation and Proppant Distribution
Authors: Singh Ankush , Xu Shaochuan , Zoback Mark , McClure Mark 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the interactions between stimulation design and two important geomechanical effects: the variation of least principal stress (Shmin) between lithological layers and the stress shadow effect that arises from simultaneously propagating adjacent hydraulic fractures. To demonstrate these interactions, hydraulic fracture propagation is modeled with a 5-layer geomechanical model representing an actual case study. The model consists of a profile of Shmin measurements made within, below and above the producing interval. The stress variations between layers leads to an overall upward fracture propagation and proppant largely above the producing interval. This is due to interactions between the pressure distribution within the fracture and the stress contrast in the multiple layers. A sensitivity study is done to investigate the complex 3-D couplings between geomechanical constraints and well completion design parameters such as landing zone, cluster spacing, perforation diameter, flow rate and proppant concentration. The simulation results demonstrate the importance of a well characterized stress stratigraphy for prediction of hydraulic fracture characteristics and optimization of operational parameters.
The World's First Offshore Multilateral Well Completed with Multistage Proppant Fracturing: A Case Study from Offshore Black Sea
Authors: Tomlins Andrew , Conrad Joel , Bocaneala Bogdan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The paper aims to present the successful execution of the first offshore multilateral well completed for multistage high-pressure proppant stimulation - in the Black Sea, offshore Romania. The paper describes the drivers that lead the operator to trial a multilateral well as well as cover the considerations made in selecting, defining and executing the final completion solution with a review of the lessons learned.
With only one platform slot left and a significant undrained area of reservoir the operator had to maximise the hydrocarbon recovery through a single well which, due to pressure to increase the operator's daily production, had to be finalised in just one year. Building on field experience gained since 2008 in drilling and completing for multistage proppant stimulation a detailed screening and evaluation of multilateral completion technologies was performed. The focus was on developing a concept that would minimise risks during execution while meeting cost and lead time objectives, which necessitated customising the chosen TAML Level 3 completion design and installation methodology.
To maximise rig-time efficiency the well was executed in two phases: 1) drilling and lower completion installation of both branches with a drilling rig and 2) stimulation and upper completion installation with the platform's workover rig. With six stages in each lateral the high-pressure stimulation was executed by a converted supply vessel in four sailings, necessary to reload materials. To meet the delivery schedule, ensure simplicity and utilise operator experience the completion was realised with no dedicated multilateral hardware, rather, through the effective use of standard multistage stimulation open hole completion equipment and appropriately engineered bent joints to exit the main bore.
With initial production rates higher than anticipated, the multilateral well completed in this manner has proven to be considerably more economic than drilling two horizontal wells with equivalent reservoir coverage. The success of this well serves as a proof of concept and provides increased confidence in delivering reliable, cost effective multilateral wells even under tight time constraints and in areas and/or operators with no history of multilateral well completions
Barriers to Hydraulic Fracture Height Growth: A New Model for Sliding Interfaces
Authors: Xu Wenyue , Prioul Romain , Berard Thomas , Weng Xiaowei , Kresse Olga 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This work introduces a new set of energy-balance-based criteria for the vertical growth of a plain-strain planar hydraulic fracture across a horizontally laminated reservoir formation with heterogenous layer properties and multiple weak interfaces. Combined with Coulomb's friction law for mechanical balance along sliding interfaces, these criteria were built into a novel semi-analytical model of fractional fracture height growth. The model was then applied to investigate the growth of hydraulic fractures in an idealized symmetric three-layer rock formation, with the upper and lower layers acting as barriers to the growth. Preliminary modeling results show how the vertical growth of a hydraulic fracture is influenced by the various mechanical/energy barriers. Three primary types of barrier behaviors are identified. A stress barrier leads to gradually increasing fluid pressure when the barrier layer is crossed. A toughness/modulus barrier, on the other hand, results in an immediate sharp increase in fluid pressure followed by gradual decline in pressure. The effect of individual sliding interfaces is similar to that of a toughness/modulus barrier. The cumulative effect becomes more important when multiple closely spaced interfaces are present. A formation layer containing multiple closely spaced weak interfaces behaves collectively much like a stress barrier.
Determining the Most Effective Diversion Strategy Using Pressure Based Fracture Maps : A Meramec STACK Case Study
Authors: Kopp Jeff , Kahn Charles , Allen Charlee , Huchton Jake , Robinson Clark , Coenen Erica 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses a STACK (Sooner Trend Anadarko Basin Canadian and Kingfisher Counties) case study that determined the effectiveness of different diversion techniques, including pods, sand ramps with sand slugs, rate cycling, and utilization of the completions order to control fracture growth. A secondary goal of this study was to evaluate the suitability of pressure-based fracture maps and oil and water phase tracers in monitoring diverter effectiveness.
Effectiveness of a given diverter technique and diverter drop was evaluated using the two techniques on a 3-well pad. The three wells were completed using a combination of: 4 pods per treatment interval6 pods per treatment interval8 pods per treatment intervalhigh-volume proppant loading per treatment interval
The effectiveness of the diverter drop was evaluated using each of the diagnostic techniques listed above. The pressure-based fracture analysis uses the pressure response recorded in an isolated stage in the monitor well to compute fracture geometry and the rate of growth of the fracture dimensions. The effectiveness of a given diverter drop is classified into one of four possible categories: stop dominant fracture growth, impede dominant fracture growth, no impact on growth of dominant fracture and accelerate the growth of dominant farcture. These results were then compared with the analysis from oil and water phase tracers and treatment pressure analysis.
Successful (effective) diversion was observed on 82 % of the stages with pods compared to 64% successful diversion where sand ramps were used. In addition, stages using 8 pods for diversion had a 15% reduction in average fracture half-length compared to stages using 4 pods. Fracture height was better controlled through the order of completions of the stages between 3 wells. Completing the middle well in the upper part of the zone ahead of the two outer wells in the lower part of the zone, controlled the vertical height growth of the two outer wells.
The offset pressure-based analysis proved to be as effective in accurately diagnosing the diverter effectiveness and provided a significant cost and timing advantage compared to other diagnostic techniques.