bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Main Predictors of Length of Stay After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors:   Cleveland Clinic Orthopaedic Arthroplasty Group
Published: June 2019

Background:
Often, differences in length of stay after total knee arthroplasty are solely attributed to patient factors. Therefore, our aim was to determine the influence of patient-related and procedure or structural-related risk factors as predictors of length of stay after total knee arthroplasty.

Methods:
A prospective cohort of 4,509 patients (54.6% of whom had Medicare for insurance) underwent primary total knee arthroplasty across 4 facilities in a single health-care system (from January 1, 2016, to September 30, 2017). Risk factors were categorized as patient-related risk factors (demographic characteristics, smoking status, Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey Mental Component Summary score [VR-12 MCS], Charlson Comorbidity Index, surgical indication, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS], deformity, range of motion, and discharge location probability assessed by a nomogram predicting location after arthroplasty) or as procedure or structural-related risk factors (hospital site, surgeon, day of the week when the surgical procedure was performed, implant type, and surgical procedure start time). Multivariable cumulative link (proportional odds logistic regression) models were built to identify significant predictors from candidate risk factors for 1-day, 2-day, and ≥3-day length of stay. Performance was compared between a model containing patient-related risk factors only and a model with both patient-related and procedure or structural-related risk factors, utilizing the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and internally validated concordance probabilities (C-index) for discriminating a 1-day length of stay compared with >1-day length of stay.

Results:
Patient-related risk factors were significant predictors of length of stay (p < 0.05). A longer length of stay was predicted by older age, higher body mass index (BMI), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, lower VR-12 MCS, and female sex. However, when the procedure or structural factors were added to the patients’ risk factors, the AIC decreased by approximately 1,670 units. This indicates that procedure or structural-related risk factors provide clinically relevant improvement in explaining length of stay in addition to patient-related risk factors.

Conclusions:
Despite patient-related factors such as age, sex, and comorbidities providing substantial predictive value for length of stay after total knee arthroplasty, the main driving predictors of single-day length of stay after total knee arthroplasty were procedure or structural-related factors, including hospital site and surgeon. Understanding the risk factors that affect outcomes after total knee arthroplasty provides the opportunity to influence and potentially modify them favorably to optimize care.
Alternative Payment Models in Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Feng James E. , Padilla Jorge A. , Gabor Jonathan A. , Cizmic Zlatan , Novikov David , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Bosco Joseph A. , Iorio Richard , Meftah Morteza 
Published: June 2019

» The U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Affordable Care Act or “Obamacare”) represents a comprehensive initiative to improve health insurance coverage, affordability, and access, while minimizing health-care spending and improving upon the quality of care provided.» The U.S. Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation, one of the important components of the Affordable Care Act, has developed new innovative payment and service delivery models, commonly referred to as alternative payment models, to reduce health-care expenditures.» Alternative payment models have undergone several iterations over the past decade, including the Acute Care Episode (ACE) demonstration, the Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) initiative, the BPCI Advanced initiative, and the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) program.» The goal of this article was to review the logistics, performance, and limitations of these 4 alternative payment models and to discuss what the future of health-care reimbursements may hold.
Team Approach: Multidisciplinary Treatment of Hip Fractures in Elderly Patients
Authors: Figved Wender , Myrstad Marius , Saltvedt Ingvild , Finjarn Merete , Flaten Odland Liv Marie , Frihagen Frede 
Published: June 2019

» Patients with hip fractures are best managed by a multidisciplinary team.» The multidisciplinary team consists of an orthogeriatrician, orthopaedic surgeon, aanesthesiologist, orthopaedic and/or geriatric nurse, occupational therapist, physical therapist, and clinical pharmacologist and may also include other professions, such as endocrinologist, nutritional therapist, and social worker.» Key factors include perioperative assessment and minimal delay to surgery; comprehensive geriatric assessment; multidisciplinary in-ward assessment including discharge planning, treatment, and rehabilitation; and secondary fracture prevention.» Current evidence shows that older people receiving multidisciplinary treatment for a hip fracture, comprehensive geriatric assessment, and systematic secondary fracture prevention have reduced morbidity and mortality and a lower risk of subsequent fractures and are more likely to return to the same location in which they lived before hospital admission.
ANALYSING THE DEMAND FOR FINANCIAL ASSETS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Selvanathan Eliyathamby A , Selvanathan Saroja 
Published: June 2019

This paper analyses the demand for three important financial assets (i.e. demand deposits) in Indonesia: demand deposits, saving deposits and time deposits. We use a system-wide approach to consumption economics to perform the analysis in the long and short run. The estimation results reveal that a) generally, the wealth elasticity for saving deposits is above one, for time deposits is below one, and for demand deposits it varies from 0.5 (in the short-run) to 1.1 (in the long-run); b) the own interest rate coefficients are statistically significant and positive, as expected; and c) in the long run, while the assets of demand deposits and time deposits and saving deposits and time deposits are pairwise subsitutes, the assets of demand deposits and saving deposits are pairwise complements.
Volatile Organic Compounds to Identify Infectious (Bacteria/Viruses) Diseases of the Central Nervous System - A Pilot Study
Authors: Guo Lei , Qiu Zhongzhi , Wang Yue , Yu Kaili , Zheng Xiaoya , Li Yuhang , Liu Miao , Wang Guiyue , Guo Nana , Yang Mengyuan , Li Enyou , Wang Changsong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Central nervous system (CNS) infectious diseases are common diseases in emergency rooms and neurology departments. CNS pathogen identification methods are time-consuming and expensive and have low sensitivity and poor specificity. Some studies have shown that bacteria and viruses can produce specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aim of this study is to find potential biomarkers by VOC analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with bacterial and viral meningitis/encephalitis (ME).

Methods

CSF samples from 16 patients with bacterial ME and 42 patients with viral ME were collected, and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the metabolites in the CSF.

Results

There are two substances (Ethylene oxide and Phenol) that were found to be different between the two groups. Ethylene oxide was significantly greater in the group of bacterial ME patients than in the viral ME group of patients (P < 0.05). In addition, phenol was remarkably increased in the group of ME patients compared with the bacterial ME patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Ethylene oxide and phenol may be potential biomarkers to distinguish bacterial ME and viral ME. VOC analysis of CSF may be used as a supporting tool for clinical diagnosis.
Pneumocystis jirovecii Colonization and Its Association with Pulmonary Diseases Based on a Multicenter Study by an Improved Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay
Authors: Xue Ting , Ma Zhuang , Liu Fan , Du Wei-Qin , He Li , Wang Jin-Yan , An Chun-Li 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic pathogen fungus and the role of its colonization in respiratory diseases has become a popular focus in recent years. The aim of present study is to develop an improved loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) DNA and use it to examine the prevalence and association of P. jirovecii colonization among non-HIV patients with various pulmonary diseases.
Methods
We modified the previously reported LAMP assay for P. jirovecii by adding real-time detection. This method was used to detect P. jirovecii colonization in respiratory samples collected from 403 non-HIV patients with various respiratory diseases enrolled from 5 hospitals in China. We determined the prevalence of P. jirovecii colonization in 7 types of pulmonary diseases and assessed the association of P. jirovecii colonization with clinical characteristics of these diseases.
Results
The new LAMP assay showed no cross-reactivity with other common respiratory microbes and was 1,000 times more sensitive than that of conventional PCR. Using the new LAMP assay, we detected P. jirovecii colonization in 281 (69.7%) of the 403 patients enrolled. P. jirovecii colonization was more common in interstitial lung diseases than in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (84.6% vs 64.5%, P < 0.05). Patients with acute exacerbation of COPD had a higher prevalence of P. jirovecii colonization compared to patients with stabilized COPD (67.4% vs 43.3%, P < 0.05). P. jirovecii colonization was associated with decreased pulmonary function, increased levels of 1,3-β-D-glucan and C-reactive protein, and decreased levels of CD4+ T-cell counts (P < 0.05 for each). Approximately 70% of P. jirovecii colonized patients had confections with other fungi or bacteria.
Conclusions
We developed an improved LAMP assay for detecting P. jirovecii. Our multi-center study of 403 patients supports that P. jirovecii colonization is a risk factor for the development of pulmonary diseases and highlights the need to further study the pathogenesis and transmission of P. jirovecii colonization in pulmonary diseases.
Keywords: P. jirovecii; colonization; respiratory diseases; loop-mediated isothermal amplification.
Digital Mapping of Ecological Land Units using a Nationally Scalable Modeling Framework
Authors: Maynard Jonathan J. , Nauman Travis W. , Salley Shawn W. , Bestelmeyer Brandon T. , Duniway Michael C. , Talbot Curtis J. , Brown Joel R. 
Published: June 2019

Core IdeasDigital modeling framework for mapping ecological land units was developed.Digital maps eliminate spatial ambiguity of multicomponent soil map units.Spatial scale of modeling products can be optimized to meet management needs.National coverage of the training and covariate data provides ability to scale.Ecological site descriptions (ESDs) and associated state‐and‐transition models (STMs) provide a nationally consistent classification and information system for defining ecological land units for management applications in the United States. Current spatial representations of ESDs, however, occur via soil mapping and are therefore confined to the spatial resolution used to map soils within a survey area. Land management decisions occur across a range of spatial scales and therefore require ecological information that spans similar scales. Digital mapping provides an approach for optimizing the spatial scale of modeling products to best serve decision makers and have the greatest impact in addressing land management concerns. Here, we present a spatial modeling framework for mapping ecological sites using machine learning algorithms, soil survey field observations, soil survey geographic databases, ecological site data, and a suite of remote sensing‐based spatial covariates (e.g., hyper‐temporal remote sensing, terrain attributes, climate data, land‐cover, lithology). Based on the theoretical association between ecological sites and landscape biophysical properties, we hypothesized that the spatial distribution of ecological sites could be predicted using readily available geospatial data. This modeling approach was tested at two study areas within the western United States, representing 6.1 million ha on the Colorado Plateau and 7.5 million ha within the Chihuahuan Desert. Results show our approach was effective in mapping grouped ecological site classes (ESGs), with 10‐fold cross‐validation accuracies of 70% in the Colorado Plateau based on 1405 point observations across eight expertly‐defined ESG classes and 79% in the Chihuahuan Desert based on 2589 point observations across nine expertly‐defined ESG classes. Model accuracies were also evaluated using external‐validation datasets; resulting in 56 and 44% correct classification for the Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert, respectively. National coverage of the training and covariate data used in this study provides opportunities for a consistent national‐scale mapping effort of ecological sites.
Comparison of Cation Exchange Capacity Estimated from Vis–NIR Spectral Reflectance Data and a Pedotransfer Function
Authors: Rehman Hafeez Ur , Knadel Maria , de Jonge Lis W. , Moldrup Per , Greve Mogens H. , Arthur Emmanuel 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
Conventional methods for measuring CEC are time consuming and costly.
A Vis–NIRS model and pedotransfer function (PTF) were developed for CEC determination.
The Vis–NIRS model estimated CEC accurately for different soil types.
The Vis–NIRS CEC model performed better than the PTF based on clay and organic C contents.
Knowledge of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) for soils or other porous media is very important for civil engineering and agricultural applications. However, the standard laboratory methods to measure CEC are costly and laborious. The aim of this research was to develop a visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy (Vis–NIRS, 400–2500 nm) calibration model to predict CEC based on multivariate analysis and to compare the predictive ability of Vis–NIRS with that of a pedotransfer function (PTF). For this purpose, reference CEC was measured by the ammonium acetate method for 235 soil samples, collected from 21 countries. Diffuse spectral reflectance data were also collected by using a NIRSTM DS2500 spectrometer. The model was constructed on a calibration subset (80%) and evaluated with a validation subset (20%) using partial least squares regression. The Vis–NIRS calibration model was sufficiently robust based on the cross‐validation results [R2 = 0.79, RMSE of cross‐validation values of 7.9 cmolc kg−1 and bias = −0.14]. The independent validation of the Vis–NIRS model showed good prediction accuracy, regardless of sample origin (RMSE of prediction value of 5.0 cmolc kg−1 and ratio of performance to interquartile distance value of 4.5). Moreover, the Vis–NIRS prediction performance was superior to that of the PTF, which was influenced by the sample origin (RMSE values of 11.5 cmolc kg−1). The better prediction of CEC by the Vis–NIRS calibration model suggests that it is due to the co‐variation of CEC with clay (type and content) and organic C content.
Da sátira obscena ao axioma do frei: poesia romântica e homoerotismo no Brasil (1850-1864)
Authors: Camilo Vagner 
Published: June 2019

This paper addresses the emergence of homoerotic themes in the context of Brazilian romanticism, in poetic works obviously outside or on the margins of the official canon. It also examines the changes from the obscene and satirical verses to the lyric voice in the poems attributed to Moniz Barreto, Laurindo Rabelo and, with special emphasis, Junqueira Freire, author of the only lyric love poem about this theme at the time.
Application of fly ash-based geopolymer for removal of cesium, strontium and arsenate from aqueous solutions: kinetic, equilibrium and mechanism analysis
Authors: Tian Quanzhi , Sasaki Keiko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGeopolymerization is a developing reaction process for the utilization of solid wastes. In the present study, fly ash-based geopolymer and its derivative (Fe(II)-modified geopolymer) were synthesized and characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET, UV-Vis DRS as well as TG-DTA, and adopted as adsorbents for removal of Cs+ and Sr2+, and from solutions. Each sorption kinetic was well fitted to the pseudo-second-order model. The sorption of Cs+ and Sr2+ onto original geopolymer were better fitted to the Langmuir model. However, the Freundlich model is more befitting for sorption of onto Fe(II)-modified geopolymer. The free energies calculated from the D-R isotherm indicated that the sorption for Cs+ and Sr2+ were dominantly ion exchanges. Ring size plays a decisive role in ion exchanges for both Cs+ and Sr2+. Furthermore, the arrangement of SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedrons has significant impacts on the ion exchange of Sr2+. XPS results indicated that a part of Fe2+ in Fe (II)-modified geopolymer had been oxidized to Fe3+ after sorption. Precipitation of FeAsO4 could partially contribute to the arsenate removal from solution. sorption has also occurred through the formation of inner-sphere complexes via ion exchange reaction, which could be predominantly attached by bidentate linkages.
An alternative flood model calibration strategy for urban watersheds: the case study of Riohacha, Colombia
Authors: de Oliveira Antonio Krishnamurti Beleño , Rezende Osvaldo Moura , de Sousa Matheus Martins , Nardini Andrea , Miguez Marcelo Gomes 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The city of Riohacha (Colombia) has a complex urban setting that, under the pressure of recurring intense rains, experiences increasing flood damage. With the aim of identifying a systemic solution to flood problems, a hydrodynamic mathematical modelling exercise was conducted. Within the modelling process, calibration and validation are two fundamental actions that must precede the use of the model. However, most of the river basins around the world lack hydrometeorological information, which is indispensable for the calibration process. This paper presents an original approach to collecting such information for the calibration process, based on interviewing inhabitants. The results of this effort were surprisingly good, when considering the kind of approximations involved in using people's answers as hard data. This encouraged us to promote it as a working solution for many other similar cases, which all suffer from lack of suitable data.
Formulation and Application of Nanoemulsions for Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals
Authors: Jamali Seyedeh Narges , Assadpour Elham , Jafari Seid Mahdi 
Published: June 2019

:
Recent trends in research and investigation on nanoemulsion based products is the result of
many reasons such as food security as a global concern, increasing demand for highly efficient food and
agricultural products and technological need for products with the ability of manipulation and optimization
in their properties. Nanoemulsions are defined as emulsions made up of nano sized droplets dispersed
in another immiscible liquid which exhibit properties distinguishing them from conventional
emulsions and making them suitable for encapsulation, delivery and formulations of bioactive ingredients
in different fields including drugs, food and agriculture. The objective of this paper is to present a general
overview of nanoemulsions definition, their preparation methods, properties and applications in food and
agricultural sectors. Due to physicochemical properties of the nanoemulsion composition, creating nanosized
droplets requires high/low energy methods that can be supplied by special devices or techniques.
An overview about the mechanisms of these methods is also presented in this paper which are commonly
used to prepare nanoemulsions. Finally, some recent works about the application of nanoemulsions in
food and agricultural sectors along with challenges and legislations restricting their applications is discussed
in the last sections of the current study.
Interethnic Variations of UGT1A1 and UGT1A7 Polymorphisms in the Jordanian Population
Authors: Abudahab Sara , Hakooz Nancy , Jarrar Yazun , Al Shahhab Mohammad , Saleh Ahmad , Zihlif Malek , Dajani Rana 
Published: June 2019

Background:Glucuronidation is one of the most important phase II metabolic pathways. It is catalyzed by a family of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (UGTs). UGT1A1 and UGT1A7 catalyze the glucuronidation of a diverse range of medications, environmental chemicals and endogenous compounds. Polymorphisms in the UGT1A gene could potentially be significant for the pharmacological, toxicological and physiological effects of the enzymes.Objective:The UGT1A gene is polymorphic among ethnic groups and the aim of this study was to investigate the different UGT1A1 and UGT1A7 polymorphisms in Circassians, Chechens and Jordanian-Arabs.Method:A total of 168 healthy Jordanian-Arabs, 56 Circassians and 54 Chechens were included in this study. Genotyping of 20 different Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) was done by using polymerase chain reaction- DNA sequencing.Results:We found that Circassians and Chechens have significantly higher allele frequencies of UGT1A7*2, UGT1A7*3 and UGT1A7*4 than the Jordanian-Arab population, but all three populations have similar frequencies of UGT1A1*28. Therefore, Circassians and Chechens are expected to have significantly lower levels of the UGT1A7 enzyme with almost 90% of these populations having genes that encode low or intermediate enzyme activity.Conclusion:This inter-ethnic variation in the UGT1A alleles frequencies may affect drug response and susceptibility to cancers among different subethnic groups in Jordan. Our results can also provide useful information for the Jordanian population and for future genotyping of Circassian and Chechen populations in general.
Protective Effects of Phenylpropanoids and Phenylpropanoid-rich Essential Oils on the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Alves-Silva Jorge M. , Zuzarte Mónica , Marques Carla , Girão Henrique , Salgueiro Lígia 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality with a tendency
to increase due to population ageing as well as an increase in associated risk factors. Although
current therapies improve survival rates, they are associated with several side effects, thus justifying
the development of novel preventive and/or therapeutic approaches. In this way, plant metabolites such
as essential oils have emerged as promising agents due to their biological effects.

Objective:
Bearing in mind that several essential oils are characterized by high amounts of phenylpropanoids,
which may play a crucial role in the activity of these volatile extracts, a comprehensive and
systematic review focusing on the cardiovascular effects of phenylpropanoid-rich essential oils is presented.

Methods:
Popular search engines including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar were
consulted and papers from 2000 onwards were selected. Non-volatile phenylpropanoids were not considered
in this review.

Results:
A compilation of the current knowledge on this thematic pointed out beneficial effects for
volatile phenylpropanoids namely hypotensive, vasorelaxant, antiplatelet aggregation, antidyslipidaemic
and antidiabetic, as well as protective properties against ischemia/reperfusion injury and heart hypertrophy.

Conclusion:
A better understanding of the protective effects of phenylpropanoids on the cardiovascular
system is presented, thus paving the way towards future research on plant-based therapies for cardiovascular
diseases.