bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and Implementation of Driver’s Seatbelt Based on FPGA
Authors: Tianshu Wu , Zhijia Zhang , Zhanning Liu , Yunpeng Liu , Shixian Wang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the driver’s seatbelt detection algorithm is transplanted to the PYNQ embedded platform of XILINX to meet the technical requirements of automatic identification and detection of whether the driver wears a seatbelt or not. In this paper, aiming at the characteristics of the hardware of the FPGA, the driver’s seatbelt detection algorithm is realized by IP core from XILINX open source. Vehicle detection is realized by using YOLO object detection algorithm with 3 bit weight and 1 bit activation, and driver’s seatbelt classification is realized by using binary model with 1 bit weight and 1 bit activation. On the PYNQ embedded hardware of XILINX, the acceleration of the algorithm is realized by calling the hardware of FPGA on the ARM side.
Time Delay Recurrent Neural Network for Speech Recognition
Authors: Liu Boji , Zhang Weibin , Xu Xiangming , Chen Dongpeng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR), Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) has been proven to be an efficient network structure for its strong ability in context modeling. In addition, as a feed-forward neural architecture, it is faster to train TDNN, compared with recurrent neural networks such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). However, different from recurrent neural networks, the context in TDNN is carefully designed and is limited. Although stacking Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) together with TDNN in order to extend the context information have been proven to be useful, it is too complex and is hard to train. In this paper, we focus on directly extending the context modeling capability of TDNNs by adding recurrent connections. Several new network architectures were investigated. The results on the Switchboard show that the best model significantly outperforms the base line TDNN system and is comparable with TDNN-LSTM architecture. In addition, the training process is much simpler than that of TDNN-LSTM.
Assessment on tunnel lining to ensure stability in soft ground
Authors: Mohd Muhtar Noor Iman Safiya , Norafida Jusoh Siti , Yusufiansyah Dedy , Alel Asmawisham , Mohd Yunus Nor Zurairahetty , Asnida Abdullah Rini , Mashros Nordiana 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Soft ground tunnelling describes as additional measures that are needed to be taken as it has been associated with settlement due to changes of stress and strength of the soil induced by tunnelling. Segmental tunnel lining is a structure used to support the ground and to have allowable movement due to soil stress redistribution. The research will be focusing on the type of modelling, structure parameter of the tunnel, pressure upon the tunnel lining and relationship with the induced ground settlement. Tunnel modelling was done in three dimensional (3D) modelling using ABAQUS software; of tunnel as parameter. This paper will discuss the effect of jack forces to the global behavior of the tunnel in order to support the surrounding load, thus be able to handle the tunnel-soil reaction without any visible or critical deformation, so that the tunnel can be used in the stable condition. A stand-alone ring method together with all-in-once method was used to simulate the Singapore MRT Circle Line 3 (CCL3). In the findings, when the tunnel lining thickness is reduced, the settlement of the ground surface is increased. Jack forces is also one of the reason of the tunnel to distort and the effect is more visible on the rings with reduced thickness compared to original thickness of the tunnel lining.
Collapse settlement of unsaturated soil from effective stress and shear strength interaction of soil
Authors: Mohamed Jais I B , Md. Noor M J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Consolidation settlement is the volume change behaviour due to dissipation of excess pore water pressure in saturated conditions. However, in a partially saturated condition, suction plays an important role in governing settlement behaviour. Besides, it also influences the shear strength of the soil by providing additional cohesion (termed apparent cohesion, cs) due to the existence of suction in the shear strength against suction axis. The shear strength decreases as the soil becomes fully saturated i.e. suction is reduced to zero, thence causes the apparent cohesion reduced to zero. Apparently, the shear strength has strong influence on the volume change behaviour. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the effective stress and shear strength interaction was conducted to verify this. The objective of this research is to verify the effective stress and shear strength interaction for both saturated and unsaturated soil conditions and to evaluate the complex settlement behaviour due to inundation at constant net stress, which has puzzled geotechnical practitioners. These conditions are tested and verified using the double wall triaxial test apparatus to determine the unsaturated shear strength of soil, the pressure plate extractor to produce Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) and modified large Rowe’s cell apparatus to simulate the loading and wetting collapses of partially saturated soils.
Shape of the in-situ (Al, Zn)-Ti reinforcing particles and their influence on structure and structural stability of selected Zn-Al and Al-Zn cast alloys
Authors: Krajewski P K , Greer A L , Krajewski W K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The foundry engineering still needs new cast materials of improved properties. These can be achieved by elaborating completely new alloys and metal matrix composites or by elaborating the alloys/composites basing on the already very well-known matrixes. The good example of the latter solution are high-aluminium zinc (H-Al Zn) and high-zinc aluminium cast alloys (H-Zn Al). Both of these groups show good damping and strength properties but rather low ductility and insufficient structural (and dimensional) stability, caused by long term transformation of the Cu-containing bearing phases. The performed works were devoted, among others, to building composites of improved structural stability reinforced with ternary (Al, Zn)-Ti aluminides. The in-situ reinforcement was built by needle-shape ternary aluminides based on the DO22 TiAl3 binary phase introduced with AlTi-based master alloys or by compacted semi-globular ones based on the L12 Zn3Ti particles introduced with a ZnTi-based master alloy. The mentioned particles substitute partly or totally for Cu-based bearing phase and the influence of this substitution on the structural stability and tribological properties is also discussed in the paper.
A remark on the non-compactness of 𝑊^{2,𝑑}-immersions of 𝑑-dimensional hypersurfaces
Authors: Li Siran 
Published: May 2019

We consider the continuous

W

2
,
d

W^{2,d}

-immersions of

d
d

-dimensional hypersurfaces in

R

d
+
1

\mathbb {R}^{d+1}

with second fundamental forms uniformly bounded in

L
d

L^d

. Two results are obtained: first, we construct a family of such immersions whose limit fails to be an immersion of a manifold. This addresses the endpoint cases in J. Langer [Math. Ann. 270 (1985), pp. 223–234], and P. Breuning [J. Geom. Anal. 25 (2015), pp. 1344–1386]. Second, under the additional assumption that the Gauss map is slowly oscillating, we prove that any family of such immersions subsequentially converges to a set locally parametrised by Hölder functions.
Rice Consumption and Subclinical Lung Disease in US Adults: Observational Evidence From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sanchez Tiffany R , Oelsner Elizabeth C , Lederer David J , Lo Cascio Christian M , Jones Miranda R , Grau-Perez Maria , Francesconi Kevin A , Goessler Walter , Perzanowski Matthew S , Barr R Graham , Navas-Acien Ana 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Rice accumulates arsenic, an established lung toxicant. Little is known about the association of rice consumption with arsenic-related health effects, particularly interstitial lung disease. Between 2000 and 2002, 6,814 white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese adults from 6 US cities were enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We included 2,250 participants who had spirometry data, 2,557 with full-lung computed tomography (CT) scans, and 5,710 with cardiac CT scans. Rice consumption and 310 participants with urinary arsenic were assessed at baseline. Spirometry and full-lung CT-derived measures of total lung capacity and high attenuation area (HAA), and interstitial lung abnormalities were measured at examination 5. Cardiac CT-derived HAA was measured at 1–3 visits. Twelve percent of participants reported eating at least 1 serving of rice daily. Comparing data between that group with those who ate less than 1 serving weekly, the mean difference for forced vital capacity was −102 (95% confidence interval (CI): −198, −7) mL, and for forced expiratory volume in 1 second was −90 (95% CI: −170, −11) mL after adjustment for demographics, anthropometrics, dietary factors, and smoking. The cross-sectional adjusted percent difference for total lung capacity was −1.33% (95% CI: −4.29, 1.72) and for cardiac-based HAA was 3.66% (95% CI: 1.22, 6.15). Sensitivity analyses for urinary arsenic were consistent with rice findings. Daily rice consumption was associated with reduced lung function and greater cardiac-based HAA.
Retaliation, Remedies, and Contracts
Authors: Mittlaender Sergio , Buskens Vincent 
Published: May 2019

AbstractContracts commit individuals to a future course of action and create feelings of entitlement on the parties. In a contractual gap, parties’ duties and rights are not univocal, and while promisors will often feel entitled to breach, promisees will feel entitled to receive the promised performance. This divergence leads to disputes, aggrievement, and retaliatory behavior whenever one of the parties feels shortchanged. Remedies for breach are then apt not only to induce performance by promisors, but also to minimize promisees’ aggrievement, reduce retaliation, and thereby keep the peace in society. This article reports results from an experiment that investigates under what circumstances promisees retaliate to breach and to what extent expectation damages fulfill the function of crowding out retaliatory behavior. It reveals how norms of fairness play a fundamental role in shaping parties’ reactions to breach, as promisees did not punish any violation of a prior agreement. They rather punished breach when the promisor profited from it, and the outcome was an unfair distribution of the gains from trade. Neither loss of expectancy nor the inefficiency of the result induced retaliation. Expectation damages successfully crowded out retaliation by disappointed promisees, and thereby avoided high welfare losses from decentralized forms of punishment of perceived wrongs.
Development of Membrane Hollow Fiber for Determination of Maleic Anhydride in Ambient Air as a Field Sampler
Authors: Partovi Ehsan , Bahrami Abdulrahman , AfKhami Abbas , Ghorbani Shahna Farshid , Ghamari Farhad , Farhadian Maryam 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This research develops a rapid method for sampling and analysis of maleic anhydride (MA) in air using a one-step hollow fiber (HF) membrane in the liquid phase followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A sampling chamber was prepared for sampling of MA with HF-supported de-ionized water absorbency. Several important parameters, such as sampling flow rate, sampling time, and breakthrough volume (BTV), were optimized at different concentrations using a central composite design. The results showed that sampling could be performed at the maximum period of 4 h with a flow rate of 1 mL min–1 for different concentrations (in the range of 0.05–2 mg m–3). The BTV was 240 mL. The relative standard deviations for the repeatability of interday and intraday were 7–10%, 10%, respectively, and the pooled standard deviation was 0.088. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were 0.033 and 0.060 mg m–3, respectively. Moreover, our findings revealed that the samples could be stored in sealed HF flexible plastic tubes in a cover at refrigerator temperature (4°C) for up to 7 days. The HF method was compared with method number 3512 National Institute Occupational Safety and Health for determination of MA. There was a good correlation (R2 = 0.99) between the two methods at a concentration of 0.05 to 2 mg m–3 in the laboratory and the average concentration of MA for both methods was 0.11 mg m–3 in the ambient air at an adhesive manufacturer. Our findings indicated that the proposed HF can act as a reliable, rapid, and effective approach for sampling of MA in workplaces.
Path2Surv: Pathway/gene set-based survival analysis using multiple kernel learning
Authors: Dereli Onur , Oğuz Ceyda , Gönen Mehmet 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMotivationSurvival analysis methods that integrate pathways/gene sets into their learning model could identify molecular mechanisms that determine survival characteristics of patients. Rather than first picking the predictive pathways/gene sets from a given collection and then training a predictive model on the subset of genomic features mapped to these selected pathways/gene sets, we developed a novel machine learning algorithm (Path2Surv) that conjointly performs these two steps using multiple kernel learning.ResultsWe extensively tested our Path2Surv algorithm on 7655 patients from 20 cancer types using cancer-specific pathway/gene set collections and gene expression profiles of these patients. Path2Surv statistically significantly outperformed survival random forest (RF) on 12 out of 20 datasets and obtained comparable predictive performance against survival support vector machine (SVM) using significantly fewer gene expression features (i.e. less than 10% of what survival RF and survival SVM used).Availability and implementationOur implementations of survival SVM and Path2Surv algorithms in R are available at https://github.com/mehmetgonen/path2surv together with the scripts that replicate the reported experiments.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Diagnosing acute interstitial nephritis: considerations for clinicians
Authors: Nussbaum Eliezer Zachary , Perazella Mark A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), particularly in hospitalized patients. It can be difficult for clinicians to differentiate between AIN and other common causes of AKI, most notably acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and prerenal injury. Clinicians often struggle with the clinical history and laboratory data available to definitively diagnose AIN. Sometimes they diagnose ATN or AIN based on these flawed data. Thus it is important that clinicians be familiar with the utility of commonly ordered tests used to aid in the diagnosis. Unfortunately, no single test performs particularly well on its own, and until a biomarker is rigorously shown to be diagnostic of AIN, most patients require a kidney biopsy to definitively establish the diagnosis and direct further management.
Tripal v3: an ontology-based toolkit for construction of FAIR biological community databases
Authors: Spoor Shawna , Cheng Chun-Huai , Sanderson Lacey-Anne , Condon Bradford , Almsaeed Abdullah , Chen Ming , Bretaudeau Anthony , Rasche Helena , Jung Sook , Main Dorrie , Bett Kirstin , Staton Margaret , Wegrzyn Jill L , Feltus F Alex , Ficklin Stephen P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Community biological databases provide an important online resource for both public and private data, analysis tools and community engagement. These sites house genomic, transcriptomic, genetic, breeding and ancillary data for specific species, families or clades. Due to the complexity and increasing quantities of these data, construction of online resources is increasingly difficult especially with limited funding and access to technical expertise. Furthermore, online repositories are expected to promote FAIR data principles (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) that presents additional challenges. The open-source Tripal database toolkit seeks to mitigate these challenges by creating both the software and an interactive community of developers for construction of online community databases. Additionally, through coordinated, distributed co-development, Tripal sites encourage community-wide sustainability. Here, we report the release of Tripal version 3 that improves data accessibility and data sharing through systematic use of controlled vocabularies (CVs). Tripal uses the community-developed Chado database as a default data store, but now provides tools to support other data stores, while ensuring that CVs remain the central organizational structure for the data. A new site developer can use Tripal to develop a basic site with little to no programming, with the ability to integrate other data types using extension modules and the Tripal application programming interface. A thorough online User’s Guide and Developer’s Handbook are available at http://tripal.info, providing download, installation and step-by-step setup instructions.
Prisms of the musical past: British international exhibitions and ‘ancient instruments’, 1885–1890
Authors: Kirby Sarah 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Nineteenth-century international exhibitions were monumental attempts to represent modernity, ‘progress’ and ‘invention’ through displays of material objects. In materially illustrating a narrative of cultural ‘progress’, these exhibitions sometimes engaged vividly with the past, incorporating displays of historical objects shown in striking contrast to the new manufactures that were their core focus. This article examines musical displays at exhibitions held in London in 1885 and Edinburgh in 1890, where large exhibits of ‘ancient’ musical instruments, scores and related objects were presented. I argue that the display of ‘ancient’ instruments and objects, in blatant contrast to the exhibitions’ theme of modern invention, demonstrates a conceptual breach between past and present, examination of which can reveal larger trends in the late 19th-century’s ambivalent relationship with the past.
A photometric stereo-based 3D imaging system using computer vision and deep learning for tracking plant growth
Authors: Bernotas Gytis , Scorza Livia C T , Hansen Mark F , Hales Ian J , Halliday Karen J , Smith Lyndon N , Smith Melvyn L , McCormick Alistair J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Tracking and predicting the growth performance of plants in different environments is critical for predicting the impact of global climate change. Automated approaches for image capture and analysis have allowed for substantial increases in the throughput of quantitative growth trait measurements compared with manual assessments. Recent work has focused on adopting computer vision and machine learning approaches to improve the accuracy of automated plant phenotyping. Here we present PS-Plant, a low-cost and portable 3D plant phenotyping platform based on an imaging technique novel to plant phenotyping called photometric stereo (PS).

Results
We calibrated PS-Plant to track the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana throughout the day-night (diel) cycle and investigated growth architecture under a variety of conditions to illustrate the dramatic effect of the environment on plant phenotype. We developed bespoke computer vision algorithms and assessed available deep neural network architectures to automate the segmentation of rosettes and individual leaves, and extract basic and more advanced traits from PS-derived data, including the tracking of 3D plant growth and diel leaf hyponastic movement. Furthermore, we have produced the first PS training data set, which includes 221 manually annotated Arabidopsis rosettes that were used for training and data analysis (1,768 images in total). A full protocol is provided, including all software components and an additional test data set.

Conclusions
PS-Plant is a powerful new phenotyping tool for plant research that provides robust data at high temporal and spatial resolutions. The system is well-suited for small- and large-scale research and will help to accelerate bridging of the phenotype-to-genotype gap.
Water risk perceptions across the life-course of women in Kenya
Authors: Varickanickal Joann , Bisung Elijah , Elliott Susan J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInadequate access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) exposes many vulnerable populations, especially women and girls, to preventable diseases around the world. This paper reports findings from a photovoice project that explored water-related risk perceptions and health outcomes among women in Nyanchwa, Kenya. Thirteen women in four age categories were recruited for this study in July 2016 using the ‘snowball’ technique. From the results, inadequate access to WaSH was associated with increased water collection burden on women and children; environmental pollution; poor educational outcomes; loss of time due to water collection and poor sanitation infrastructure. Some barriers to change identified include financial barriers and inadequate government support. The identified risks and barriers are important considerations for the design, evaluation and mainstreaming of WaSH programs in resource constrained settings.
The Impact of Spondyloarthritis and Joint Symptoms on Health-Related Quality of Life and Fatigue in IBD Patients. Results From a Population-Based Inception Cohort (20-Year Follow-up in the Ibsen Study)
Authors: Ossum Alvilde Maria , Palm Øyvind , Cvancarova Milada , Bernklev Tomm , Jahnsen Jørgen , Moum Bjørn , Høivik Marte Lie ,   IBSEN Study Group
Published: May 2019

Ongoing joint pain and back pain were associated with reduced quality of life and fatigue in IBD patients after 20 years of disease, whereas spondyloarthritis without ongoing joint symptoms did not have a negative impact on these patient-reported outcomes.
Long-term Outcomes in a Large Randomized Trial of HIV-1 Salvage Therapy: 96-Week Results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5241 (OPTIONS)
Authors: Gandhi Rajesh T , Tashima Karen T , Smeaton Laura M , Vu Vincent , Ritz Justin , Andrade Adriana , Eron Joseph J , Hogg Evelyn , Fichtenbaum Carl J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Short-term (48-week) results of the OPTIONS trial showed that nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) can be safely omitted from salvage therapy as long as the regimen has a cumulative activity of &gt;2 active antiretroviral medications. The long-term durability of this approach and outcomes in persons who have more-extensive HIV-1 drug resistance are uncertain.

Methods
Participants with virologic failure and anticipated antiretroviral susceptibility received an optimized regimen and were randomized to omit or add NRTIs. A separate group with more resistance (cumulative activity ≤2 active agents) received an optimized regimen including NRTIs.

Results
At week 96, among 360 participants randomized to omit or add NRTIs, 70% and 65% had HIV-1 RNA &lt;200 copies/mL, respectively. Virologic failure was uncommon after week 48. Younger age and starting fewer new antiretroviral medications were associated with higher odds of virologic failure. In the highly resistant group, 53% had HIV-1 RNA &lt;200 copies/mL at week 96.

Conclusions
HIV-1 salvage therapy can safely omit NRTIs without compromising efficacy or durability of response as long as the new regimen has a cumulative activity of &gt;2 active drugs. Younger people and those receiving fewer new antiretrovirals require careful monitoring. Even among individuals with more-extensive resistance, most achieve virologic suppression.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT00537394.