bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverbs in VP ellipsis: an experimental investigation of antecedent selection
Authors: Moulton Keir 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a case study of verb phrase ellipses with adverbially modified antecedents. It is shown experimentally that there is a preference for resolving ellipses in certain embedded clauses with unmodified VPs. The effect is hypothesized to reflect a general requirement to minimize the complexity of accommodated content. Four experiments support this hypothesis over plausible candidate hypotheses, including syntactic approaches to the effect (Matsuo 2001; Sailor 2014).
INABILITY AND OBLIGATION IN INTELLECTUAL EVALUATION
Authors: Buckwalter Wesley , Turri John 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIf moral responsibilities prescribe how agents ought to behave, are there also intellectual responsibilities prescribing what agents ought to believe? Many theorists have argued that there cannot be intellectual responsibilities because they would require the ability to control whether one believes, whereas it is impossible to control whether one believes. This argument appeals to an “ought implies can” principle for intellectual responsibilities. The present paper tests for the presence of intellectual responsibilities in social cognition. Four experiments show that intellectual responsibilities are attributed to believe things and that these responsibilities can exceed what agents are able to believe. Furthermore, the results show that agents are sometimes considered responsible for failing to form true beliefs on the basis of good evidence, and that this effect does not depend on the seriousness of the consequences for failing to form a belief. These findings clarify when and how responsibilities for belief are attributed, falsify a conceptual entailment between ability and responsibility in the intellectual domain, and emphasize the importance of objective truth in intellectual evaluations.
PROFINITENESS IN FINITELY GENERATED VARIETIES IS UNDECIDABLE
Authors: NURAKUNOV ANVAR M. , STRONKOWSKI MICHAŁ M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProfinite algebras are exactly those that are isomorphic to inverse limits of finite algebras. Such algebras are naturally equipped with Boolean topologies. A variety ${\cal V}$ is standard if every Boolean topological algebra with the algebraic reduct in ${\cal V}$ is profinite.We show that there is no algorithm which takes as input a finite algebra A of a finite type and decide whether the variety $V\left( {\bf{A}} \right)$ generated by A is standard. We also show the undecidability of some related properties. In particular, we solve a problem posed by Clark, Davey, Freese, and Jackson.We accomplish this by combining two results. The first one is Moore’s theorem saying that there is no algorithm which takes as input a finite algebra A of a finite type and decides whether $V\left( {\bf{A}} \right)$ has definable principal subcongruences. The second is our result saying that possessing definable principal subcongruences yields possessing finitely determined syntactic congruences for varieties. The latter property is known to yield standardness.
UNIVERSAL MINIMAL FLOWS OF GENERALIZED WAŻEWSKI DENDRITES
Authors: KWIATKOWSKA ALEKSANDRA 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe study universal minimal flows of the homeomorphism groups of generalized Ważewski dendrites WP, $P \subseteq \left\{ {3,4, \ldots ,\omega } \right\}$. If P is finite, we prove that the universal minimal flow of the homeomorphism group H (WP) is metrizable and we compute it explicitly. This answers a question of Duchesne. If P is infinite, we show that the universal minimal flow of H (WP) is not metrizable. This provides examples of topological groups which are Roelcke precompact and have a nonmetrizable universal minimal flow with a comeager orbit.
UNIVERSAL CLASSES NEAR ${\aleph _1}$
Authors: MAZARI-ARMIDA MARCOS , VASEY SEBASTIEN 
Published: December 2018

AbstractShelah has provided sufficient conditions for an ${\Bbb L}_{\omega _1 ,\omega } $-sentence ψ to have arbitrarily large models and for a Morley-like theorem to hold of ψ. These conditions involve structural and set-theoretic assumptions on all the ${\aleph _n}$’s. Using tools of Boney, Shelah, and the second author, we give assumptions on ${\aleph _0}$ and ${\aleph _1}$ which suffice when ψ is restricted to be universal:Theorem. Assume ${2^{{\aleph _0}}} < {2^{{\aleph _1}}}$. Let ψ be a universal ${\Bbb L}_{\omega _1 ,\omega } $-sentence.(1)If ψ is categorical in ${\aleph _0}$ and $1 \leqslant {\Bbb L}\left( {\psi ,\aleph _1 } \right) < 2^{\aleph _1 } $, then ψ has arbitrarily large models and categoricity of ψ in some uncountable cardinal implies categoricity of ψ in all uncountable cardinals.(2)If ψ is categorical in ${\aleph _1}$, then ψ is categorical in all uncountable cardinals.The theorem generalizes to the framework of ${\Bbb L}_{\omega _1 ,\omega } $-definable tame abstract elementary classes with primes.
SQUARES, ASCENT PATHS, AND CHAIN CONDITIONS
Authors: LAMBIE-HANSON CHRIS , LÜCKE PHILIPP 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWith the help of various square principles, we obtain results concerning the consistency strength of several statements about trees containing ascent paths, special trees, and strong chain conditions. Building on a result that shows that Todorčević’s principle $\square \left( {\kappa ,\lambda } \right)$ implies an indexed version of $\square \left( {\kappa ,\lambda } \right)$, we show that for all infinite, regular cardinals $\lambda < \kappa$, the principle $\square \left( \kappa \right)$ implies the existence of a κ-Aronszajn tree containing a λ-ascent path. We then provide a complete picture of the consistency strengths of statements relating the interactions of trees with ascent paths and special trees. As a part of this analysis, we construct a model of set theory in which ${\aleph _2}$-Aronszajn trees exist and all such trees contain ${\aleph _0}$-ascent paths. Finally, we use our techniques to show that the assumption that the κ-Knaster property is countably productive and the assumption that every κ-Knaster partial order is κ-stationarily layered both imply the failure of $\square \left( \kappa \right)$.
Effects of the long-term feeding of diets enriched with inorganic phosphorus on the adult feline kidney and phosphorus metabolism
Authors: Alexander Janet , Stockman Jonathan , Atwal Jujhar , Butterwick Richard , Colyer Alison , Elliott Denise , Gilham Matthew , Morris Penelope , Staunton Ruth , Renfrew Helen , Elliott Jonathan , Watson Phillip 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRenal disease has a high incidence in cats, and some evidence implicates dietary P as well. To investigate this further, two studies in healthy adult cats were conducted. Study 1 (36 weeks) included forty-eight cats, stratified to control or test diets providing 1·2 or 4·8 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) P (0 or approximately 3·6 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) inorganic P, Ca:P 1·2, 0·6). Study 2 (29 weeks) included fifty cats, stratified to control or test diets, providing 1·3 or 3·6 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) P (0 or approximately 1·5 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) inorganic P, Ca:P 1·2, 0·9). Health markers, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and mineral balance were measured regularly, with abdominal ultrasound. Study 1 was halted after 4 weeks as the test group GFR reduced by 0·4 (95 % CI 0·3, 0·5) ml/min per kg, and ultrasound revealed changes in renal echogenicity. In study 2, at week 28, no change in mean GFR was observed (P>0·05); however, altered renal echogenicity was detected in 36 % of test cats. In agreement with previous studies, feeding a diet with Ca:P <1·0, a high total and inorganic P inclusion resulted in loss of renal function and changes in echogenicity suggestive of renal pathology. Feeding a diet containing lower total and inorganic P with Ca:P close to 1·0 led to more subtle structural changes in a third of test cats; however, nephrolithiasis occurred in both diet groups, complicating data interpretation. We conclude that the no observed adverse effects level for total dietary P in adult cats is lower than 3·6 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ), however the effect of inorganic P sources and Ca:P require further investigation.
Taiwan's Road to Marriage Equality: Politics of Legalizing Same-sex Marriage
Authors: Ho Ming-sho 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn May 2017, Taiwan's Constitutional Court reached a landmark decision that marriage should be opened to same-sex couples within two years, making Taiwan potentially the first country in Asia to realize marriage equality. How can we explain the success of the LGBT movement here? I argue that explanations based on cultural proclivity, public opinion, and linkages to world society, are inadequate. This article adopts a “political process” explanation by looking at changes in the political context and how they facilitate the movement for marriage equality. I maintain that electoral system reform in 2008, the eruption of the Sunflower Movement in 2014, and the electoral victory of the Democratic Progressive Party in 2016, stimulated Taiwan's LGBT mobilization, allowing it to eventually overcome opposition from the church-based countermovement.
Thymidylate synthase gene variation is associated with the risk for conotruncal heart defects in Chinese population
Authors: Wang Xike , Wei Haitao , Wu Yue , Tian Ying , Luo Lei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractConotruncal heart defects are considered to be one of the most common types of birth defect worldwide. Genetic disturbances in folate metabolism such as Thymidylate synthase may increase risk for conotruncal heart defects. We evaluated two common Thymidylate synthase polymorphisms, including the 28 bp tandem repeat in the promoter enhancer region of the 5′-untranslated region and the 6 bp deletion in the 3′-untranslated region, as risk factors of conotruncal heart defects including various subtypes of malformations, in a total of 193 mothers with conotruncal heart defect in offspring and 234 healthy controls in the Chinese population. Logistic regression analyses revealed that mothers who were homozygotes with deletion (−/−) had a 1.8-fold (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.0–3.0, p = 0.040) increased risk for conotruncal heart defect in offspring, respectively, when compared with mothers carrying the wild type (+/+) genotype. Consistently, individuals carrying the genotype −/− of the Thymidylate synthase 6 bp deletion also had higher plasma homocysteine levels compared to the mothers carrying the genotype +/+ in the control and conotruncal heart defect groups (p = 0.006 and p = 0.004, respectively). However, our results showed that Thymidylate synthase 28 bp tandem repeat polymorphism was not associated with risk for conotruncal heart defect and plasma homocysteine level. In conclusion, our data suggest that the maternal Thymidylate synthase 6 bp deletion polymorphism might be associated with plasma homocysteine level and risk for conotruncal heart defect in offspring.
Clinical aspects of splenomegaly as a possible predictive factor of coronary artery changes in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Kang Dong Wan , Kim Sung Hoon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many clinical features that are not typically included in the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease, such as gall bladder hydrops, are known to occur with Kawasaki disease, splenomegaly is not concerned. We investigated the relationship of splenomegaly with the development of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease.Methods and resultsThis retrospective descriptive study was conducted through a review of medical records of children with Kawasaki disease from March 2011 to February 2017. We analysed information regarding clinical presentation, treatment, hospital stay, and outcome. A total of 396 patients during this 6-year period met the enrolment criteria. Of these, 77 (23.4%) underwent abdominal ultrasonography during the treatment period. The patients included 46 males and 31 females with an average age of 35.8 ± 26.1 months. Gallbladder hydrops were detected in 32 patients, and acute acalculous cholecystitis was not found. Splenomegaly was detected in 21 patients. Kawasaki disease patients with gallbladder hydrops had no statistical difference in clinical or laboratory findings or in development of coronary artery lesions compared to patients without gallbladder hydrops. However, patients with splenomegaly belonged more to incomplete Kawasaki disease, had longer fever duration, had more frequent cervical lymphadenopathy and polymorphous rash, had higher neutrophil percentage, N-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and alanine aminotransferase levels, and a higher incidence of coronary artery lesions than patients without splenomegaly.ConclusionSplenomegaly belongs to incomplete Kawasaki disease patients mainly with a higher incidence of coronary artery lesions than that of patients without it.
Assessing food insecurity prevalence and associated factors among college students enrolled in a university in the Southeast USA
Authors: Wooten Ruth , Spence Marsha , Colby Sarah , Anderson Steeves Elizabeth 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess rates of food insecurity (FI) among college students enrolled at a large public university system across one US state and identify factors associated with experiencing FI.DesignCross-sectional online survey administered to eligible, enrolled students (n 38 614) across three campuses within the university system, with 5593 students responding (4824 final sample after applying exclusion criteria, 12·5 % response rate). FI was assessed using the US Department of Agriculture’s Adult Food Security Survey Module. Descriptive statistics were conducted to calculate FI status and identify sample characteristics. Associations between FI status and independent variables were assessed using bivariate analyses (χ2 and ANOVA tests) and multivariate logistic regression.SettingLarge public university system, Southeast USA.ParticipantsEnrolled college students (excluding freshman, <18 years of age).ResultsThirty-six per cent of students were classified as FI. After controlling for confounders, factors that were significantly associated with increased likelihood of FI included previous FI (P<0·001; OR=4·78), financial factors and self-reported grade point average ≤3·85. Seniors were significantly more likely experience FI than graduate students (P=0·004, OR=1·41). A significant relationship was not identified between FI and meal plan participation, and no differences in FI were found between graduate students and individuals with sophomore or junior standing.ConclusionsThis research identifies high rates of FI among college students enrolled in a large public university system in the Southeast USA, as well as selected factors related to FI. Programmes to assist college students experiencing FI need to be developed and tested.
Characterizing Vertical Particle Structure of Precipitating Cloud System From Multiplatform Measurements of A‐Train Constellation
Authors: Kikuchi M. , Suzuki K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMultiplatform measurements of the active and passive instruments from A‐Train were employed to observationally characterize particle structures over a spectrum of precipitating clouds from shallow cumulus to deep convection. Radar reflectivity profiles were composited as a function of temperature, with particle type superimposed to depict how storm regimes exert different particle habit structures. The deep convective system was found to have a relatively simple structure, which is dominated by randomly oriented ice, followed by snow and rain at the bottom, whereas the shallow cold system consisting high cloud tops with precipitation far below contains various hydrometeors, such as ice plates and drizzles. The deep convective system was further analyzed to demonstrate how the vertical microphysical structure tends to systematically transition from nonprecipitating to precipitating characteristics with differing cloud top buoyancies indicative of the “life stage” of convective development. The analysis offers a link between dynamical characteristics of convective systems and their inner hydrometeors structures.
Intercomparison of the POES/MEPED Loss Cone Electron Fluxes With the CMIP6 Parametrization
Authors: Tyssøy H. Nesse , Haderlein A. , Sandanger M. I. , Stadsnes J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQuantitative measurements of medium energy electron (MEE) precipitation (>40 keV) are a key to understand the total effect of particle precipitation on the atmosphere. The Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector (MEPED) instrument on board the NOAA/Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) has two sets of electron telescopes pointing ~0° and ~90° to the local vertical. Pitch angle anisotropy, which varies with particle energy, location, and geomagnetic activity, makes the 0° detector measurements a lower estimate of the flux of precipitating electrons. In the solar forcing recommended for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) 6 (v3.2) MEE precipitation is parameterized by Ap based on 0° detector measurements hence providing a general underestimate of the flux level. In order to assess the accuracy of the Ap model, we compare the modeled electron fluxes with estimates of the loss cone fluxes using both detectors in combination with electron pitch angle distributions from theory of wave‐particle interactions. The Ap model falls short in respect to reproducing the flux level and variability associated with strong geomagnetic storms (Ap > 40) as well as the duration of corotating interaction region storms causing a systematic bias within a solar cycle. As the Ap‐parameterized fluxes reach a plateau for Ap > 40, the model's ability to reflect the flux level of previous solar cycles associated with generally higher Ap values is questioned. The objective of this comparison is to understand the potential uncertainty in the energetic particle precipitation applying the CMIP6 particle energy input in order to assess its subsequent impact on the atmosphere.
Characteristic Tectonic Tremor Activity Observed Over Multiple Slow Slip Cycles in the Mexican Subduction Zone
Authors: Husker Allen , Frank William B. , Gonzalez Guillermo , Avila Leticia , Kostoglodov Vladimir , Kazachkina Ekaterina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe develop a single‐station tremor spectrum template detection method that we applied to continuous seismic data recorded by the Mexican National Seismological Service broadband stations. This allows for an unprecedented long‐term analysis of tectonic tremor in Mexico over multiple slow slip events (SSEs). We only detect tremor that are within previously discovered tremor regions, thereby extending the catalog in time but not space. The resulting catalog demonstrates the strong correlation of bursts of tremor activity and aseismic slip over multiple slow slip cycles. The M ~ 7 long‐term SSEs in the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca are associated with the longest sequences of tremor bursts. Each of these tremor bursts are made up of a series of smaller bursts. In between the large M7 SSEs, there are shorter‐duration, isolated tremor bursts. In Guerrero, these shorter bursts were found to accompany M ~ 6 short‐term SSEs. The occurrence of these short‐duration tremor bursts in Oaxaca demonstrates that small short‐term SSEs occur in both major slow slip regions in Mexico. The discrete range of tremor burst sizes and rates suggests that slow slip events in the Mexican subduction zone are organized into characteristic moment and moment rates. The catalog also reveals other aseismic transients, such as postseismic slip in Oaxaca after the 16 February 2018 Mw 7.2 Pinotepa Nacional earthquake. We highlight that such long‐term catalogs are a useful tool together with geodetic observations to monitor slow slip activity that potentially plays a role in the subduction megathrust cycle.
A Precipitation Classification System Using Vertical Doppler Radar Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Makino Kota , Shiina Toru , Ota Mamoru 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn accurate estimation of precipitation intensity can only be achieved if the particle type of precipitation is identified. In this study, we describe the construction of a system based on neural networks that classifies precipitation particles by type. The system uses Doppler spectra obtained by a vertical pointing Doppler radar as input data and the type of precipitated particle, based on ground observations, as a teacher signal. The reliability of the classification system was evaluated by the system's F‐measure after a period time. We show that the F‐measure of the classification system can be 0.915, and we confirm that the system classifies precipitation particle types satisfactorily until 0.9–49.1 min after estimation.
Studying the Parameters of Frequency Dispersion for Radio Links of Different Length Using Software‐Defined Radio Based Sounding System
Authors: Ivanov V. A. , Ivanov D. V. , Ryabova N. V. , Ryabova M. I. , Chernov A. A. , Ovchinnikov V. V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMethods and relevant software were developed to study frequency dispersion parameters of wideband high‐frequency (HF) radio channels over propagation paths of different lengths: near vertical incidence skywave paths (up to 500 km) and long‐distance radio paths (from 1,000 up to 3,500 km). We developed a universal ionosonde (in terms of methods and signals) to do experimental research into HF radio wave propagation and dispersion using software‐defined radio technology and platform Universal Software Radio Peripheral N210. The multipurposeness of the ionosonde is manifested in the sounding methods used (oblique incidence and vertical incidence) as well as in the spread spectrum signals used (binary phase shift keying, frequency modulated continuous wave, and frequency modulated interrupted continuous wave). The characteristics of the megahertz‐bandwidth HF channels were studied. The dependences of the variation of the third‐order dispersion parameter on the time of day, the radio path length, and the channel carrier frequency were experimentally found.
CCR4-dependent reduction in the number and suppressor function of CD4+Foxp3+ cells augments IFN-γ-mediated pulmonary inflammation and aggravates tuberculosis pathogenesis
Authors: Bertolini Thais B. , Piñeros Annie R. , Prado Rafael Q. , Gembre Ana Flávia , Ramalho Leandra N. Z. , Alves-Filho José Carlos , Bonato Vânia L. D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChronic pulmonary inflammation marked predominantly by CD4+IFN-γ+ cells is the hallmark of tuberculosis pathogenesis in immunocompetent adults, who are substantially affected by this disease. Moreover, CD4+Foxp3+ cell-mediated suppression contributes to infection susceptibility. We addressed the role of CD4+Foxp3+ cells in tuberculosis pathogenesis, because this aspect has not been addressed during chronic infection. We targeted CCR4, which induces the influx of CD4+Foxp3+ cells into the lungs. CCR4−/− mice exhibited a lower frequency of CD4+Foxp3+ cells at 15, 30, and 70 days of infection than their wild-type counterparts. However, only at 70 days of infection was an exacerbated IFN-γ-mediated immune response associated with apparent tuberculosis pathogenesis and susceptibility. In addition, CCR4−/− mice exhibited a decrease in the suppressor function of CD4+Foxp3+ cells. Adoptive transfer of Foxp3+ cells into infected CCR4−/− mice restored pulmonary inflammation and bacterial load to levels observed in wild-type mice. Our findings suggest that CD4+Foxp3+ cells play a time-dependent role in tuberculosis and highlight that CCR4 plays a critical role in the balance of IFN-γ-mediated inflammation by regulating the influx and function of CD4+Foxp3+ cells. Our findings are translationally relevant, as CD4+Foxp3+ cells or CCR4 could be a target for immunotherapy, considering the heterogeneity of tuberculosis in immunocompetent adults.