bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion behavior of mechanically alloyed A6005 aluminum alloy composite reinforced with TiB2 nanoparticles
Authors: Abu‐Warda N. , López M. D. , Escalera‐Rodríguez M. D. , Otero E. , Utrilla M. V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCorrosion susceptibility of the A6005 alloy reinforced with n‐TiB2 was studied through electrochemical tests. The mechanical alloying (MA) technique was used as the processing route and a posterior hot extrusion was employed to consolidate the powders. Bulk samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and microhardness tests. The combination of both MA processing and 5 wt% n‐TiB2 addition in the aluminum matrix produced 61% increase of microhardness. Electrochemical tests were performed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution to assess the effect of MA processing and TiB2 presence on corrosion behavior. The corrosion resistance of the samples processed by MA increased slightly compared with the base A6005 alloy. The amorphous Al2O3 phase formed during MA processing was the cause of this increase, providing continuity to the passive layer. Furthermore, the addition of TiB2 on the sample processed by MA did not significantly affect corrosion resistance. Polarization tests confirmed that the reinforced sample had similar icorr to that of the unreinforced alloy, and cyclic polarization tests revealed that pit nucleation sites were localized in the interface between Al2O3 and the aluminum matrix.
Bisphosphonic Acid‐Functionalized Water‐Soluble Photoinitiators
Authors: Eren Tugce Nur , Lalevée Jacques , Avci Duygu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe first bisphosphonic acid‐functionalized benzophenone (BP) and thioxanthone (TX) photoinitiators (PIs), BPBP and TXBP, are synthesized as a new class of water‐soluble PIs for free radical polymerization. BPBP shows excellent solubility (28 g L−1) in water at ambient temperature, compared to TXBP (0.05 g L−1) and also the commercial PI Irgacure 2959 (5 g L−1). BPBP and TXBP show UV–vis absorption at ≈260 (ε = 12912) and 405 (ε = 3314) nm in water. Photopolymerization results demonstrate that they can successfully initiate the photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (Mn= 250 D) in the presence of bis‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐iodonium hexafluorophosphate (Iod). The photochemical mechanisms are investigated by electron‐spin resonance‐spin trapping, fluorescence, and steady‐state photolysis techniques.
Development and calibration of the student opportunities for deeper learning instrument
Authors: Dumas Denis , Dong Yixiao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article describes the development and calibration of the student opportunities for deeper learning instrument (SODLI). The SODLI is designed to measure the amount of learning opportunities intended to support higher‐order thinking that students are exposed to through student self‐report, and is expected to be widely useful in psychological research in schools. Here, the psychometric functioning of the SODLI is investigated in a relatively large sample of U.S. high‐school students (N = 963). Using multidimensional item‐response theory methods, a nine‐factor correlated model is determined to fit the data best, and to produce reliable estimates of SODLI dimensions. The SODLI is also shown to exhibit scalar‐invariant measurement properties across sex, race/ethnicity, and language‐background groups, although latent mean differences on some of the SODLI dimensions across those groups were identified.
Ettore Majoranas Spiegelwelt
Authors: Pfaff Wolfgang , Wimmer Michael 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungMajorana‐Fermionen sind zugleich ihr eigenes Antiteilchen, folglich dürfen sie keine elektrische Ladung besitzen. Ob es sie in der Natur gibt, ist offen. Theoretisch sind sie aber als Quasiteilchen in Festkörpern erzeugbar. Topologische Supraleiter könnten ein dafür geeignetes System sein. Experimentell sind sie durch eine Art Feldeffekt‐Transistor‐Anordnung herstellbar. Dessen Kanal besteht aus einem Halbleiter‐Nanodraht, der teilweise mit einem Supraleiter beschichtet sein muss. An der Grenzfläche entsteht ein topologischer Supraleiter, in dem Majorana‐Zustände theoretisch realisierbar sind. Experimentell gibt es inzwischen starke Indizien dafür, doch eindeutig nachgewiesen ist ihre Existenz noch nicht. Diese Majorana‐Zustände sind nicht allein für die Grundlagenforschung interessant. Sie versprechen auch räumlich verteilte und damit gegen lokale Störungen besonders stabile Quantenbits für Quantencomputer. Deshalb ist die Quanten‐Informationstechnologie stark an den Majorana‐Zuständen interessiert.
DCLAK11 treatment induces apoptosis in non‐small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway
Authors: Guo Xiaobin , Liu Hongchun , Ding Jian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveDCLAK11 is a novel small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor with remarkable effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis in non‐small cell lung cancer cells. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the molecular mechanisms of action of this compound. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect that DCLAK11 exerts through inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.MethodsCell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, and apoptosis was measured by an Annexin V‐PI assay. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was examined using JC‐1 dye. Alterations in expression of the Bcl‐2 family proteins Bcl‐xL, Bax, Bid, Bim, Bad, and cleaved Caspase‐9 were detected by western blotting.ResultsDCLAK11 inhibited the proliferation of non‐small cell lung cancer cells HCC827 (IC50 = 10 nmol/L) and HCC4006 (IC50 = 20 nmol/L) in a dose‐dependent manner. The Annexin V‐PI assay results showed that DCLAK11 also significantly promoted apoptosis in both HCC827 and HCC4006 cells in a dose‐dependent manner (F = 29.990, P < 0.00; F = 46.439, P < 0.001, respectively). The JC‐1 assay results showed that the proportion of depolarized cells significantly increased with increasing concentrations of DCLAK11 when compared with that in the control HCC827 and HCC4006 cells (F = 63.910, P < 0.001; F = 11.831, P = 0.001, respectively). Western blot results showed that DCLAK11 caused a decrease in the expression level of Bcl‐xL and an increase in the expression of Bid, Bim, Bad, Bax, and cleaved caspase‐9 in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the proportion of Bcl‐xL/Bax decreased with increasing concentrations of DCLAK11 in HCC827 and HCC4006 cells.ConclusionWe confirmed that DCLAK11 exerts an antitumor effect by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
Overexpression of certain transient receptor potential and Orai channels in prostate cancer is associated with decreased risk of systemic recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Perrouin‐Verbe M. A. , Schoentgen N. , Talagas M. , Garlantezec R. , Uguen A. , Doucet L. , Rosec S. , Marcorelles P. , Potier‐Cartereau M. , Vandier C. , Ferec C. , Fromont G. , Fournier G. , Valeri A. , Mignen O. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground:Several studies had suggested the potential role of calcium signaling in prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis and agressiveness. We aimed to investigate selected proteins contributing to calcium (Ca2+) signaling, (Orai, stromal interaction molecule (STIM), and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels) and involved in cancer hallmarks, as independent predictors of systemic recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP).Methods:A case‐control study including 112 patients with clinically localized PCa treated by RP between 2002 and 2009 and with at least 6‐years’ follow‐up. Patients were divided into two groups according to the absence or presence of systemic recurrence. Expression levels of 10 proteins involved in Ca2+signaling (TRPC1, TRPC4, TRPV5, TRPV6, TRPM8, STIM1, STIM2, Orai1, Orai2, and Orai3), were assessed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays (TMAs) constructed from paraffin‐embedded PCa specimens. The level of expression of the various transcripts in PCa was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. RNA samples for qPCR were obtained from fresh frozen tissue samples of PCa after laser capture microdissection on RP specimens. Relative gene expression was analyzed using themethod.Results:Multivariate analysis showed that increased expression of TRPC1, TRPC4, TRPV5, TRPV6, TRPM8, and Orai2 was significantly associated with a lower risk of systemic recurrence after RP, independently of the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, percentage of positive biopsies, and surgical margin (SM) status (P = .007,P = .01,P < .001,P = .0065,P = .007, andP = .01, respectively). For TRPC4, TRPV5, and TRPV6, this association was also independent of Gleason score and pT stage. Moreover, overexpression of TRPV6 and Orai2 was significantly associated with longer time to recurrence after RP (P = .048 and .023, respectively). Overexpression of TRPC4, TRPV5, TRPV6, and Orai2 transcripts was observed in group R− (3.71‐, 5.7‐, 1.14‐, and 2.65‐fold increase, respectively).Conclusions:This is the first study to suggest the independent prognostic value of certain proteins involved in Ca2+influx in systemic recurrence after RP: overexpression of TRPC1, TRPC4, TRPV5, TRPV6, TRPM8, and Orai2 is associated with a lower risk of systemic recurrence. TRPC4, TRPV5, and TRPV6 appear to be particularly interesting, as they are independent of the five commonly used predictive factors, that is, PSA, percentage of positive biopsies, SM status, Gleason score, and pT stage.
A class of robust consensus algorithms with predefined‐time convergence under switching topologies
Authors: Aldana‐López Rodrigo , Gómez‐Gutiérrez David , Defoort Michael , Sánchez‐Torres Juan Diego , Muñoz‐Vázquez Aldo Jonathan 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThis paper addresses the robust consensus problem under switching topologies. Contrary to existing methods, the proposed approach provides decentralized protocols that achieve consensus for networked multiagent systems in a predefined time. Namely, the protocol design provides a tuning parameter that allows setting the convergence time of the agents to a consensus state. An appropriate Lyapunov analysis exposes the capability of the current proposal to achieve predefined‐time consensus over switching topologies despite the presence of bounded perturbations. Finally, this paper presents a comparison showing that the suggested approach subsumes existing fixed‐time consensus algorithms, which allows to provide extra degrees of freedom to obtain predefined‐time consensus protocols with improved convergence characteristics, for instance, to reduce the slack between the true convergence time and the predefined upper bound. Numerical results are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.
Contributions of Executive Function and Cognitive Intrinsic Motivation to University Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Cartwright Kelly B. , Lee Sherman A. , Taboada Barber Ana , DeWyngaert Laura U. , Lane Amanda B. , Singleton Terrain 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReading comprehension is an incredibly complex, purposeful activity that involves simultaneous orchestration and integration of multiple processes. However, dominant perspectives suggest that two clusters of skills, word reading and language comprehension, account for successful reading. Such two‐factor models are problematic because they do not easily account for complexities in reading comprehension processes or for contributions to reading comprehension of other individual difference variables related to the purposeful nature of reading, such as executive functions (EFs) and intrinsic motivation. Further, simple models may lead to oversimplification of research questions, curricula, and instructional practices, causing researchers and educators to miss important contributors to reading comprehension necessary for students to develop into skilled readers. In this study, the authors assessed the unique contributions of EFs, both domain‐general and reading‐specific, and cognitive intrinsic motivation (i.e., the desire to engage in effortful cognitive activities) to reading comprehension in 122 university students beyond language comprehension and word‐reading skills. Findings confirm unique contributions of cognitive intrinsic motivation and reading‐specific EF to students’ reading comprehension beyond established predictors and domain‐general EFs. Findings also suggest complexities, such as impacts of language comprehension on word reading, as well as impacts of cognitive intrinsic motivation on both language and reading comprehension, that should be considered in theory and practice. Finally, because reading‐specific EF contributed to reading comprehension directly and indirectly beyond controls, these findings underscore the importance of applying knowledge of EF to specific reading processes to better support students who struggle to understand text.
A Regioselective Synthesis of Carbazole‐Appended Dispiropyrrolothiazoles/Pyrrolidines: Synthesis, Computational Studies and In Vitro Anticancer Activity
Authors: Arya Kripalaya Ratheesh , Sparkes Hazel A. , Pandiyan Baskaran Vijaya , Rajendra Prasad Karnam Jayarampillai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnti‐oncological active carbazole appended dispiroindenoquinoxalinepyrrolothiazoles and dispiroacenaphthylenepyrrolidines were synthesized regioselectively via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylide to exocyclic linkage of dipolarophile. The synthesized spiranic compounds are fully characterized by means of spectral, X‐ray crystallography and elemental analysis. Computational details of theoretical calculations have been discussed for compound 4 g (p‐Cl‐phenyl substituted pyrrolothiazole‐carbazole system) using DFT (Density Functional Theory) approach at the M06‐2X/LANL2DZ level of theory. The cytotoxic effects of the dispiro compounds were examined on cancerous cell lines such as lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell lines. Compound 4 g was found to be the most promising derivative against A549 (20±1.0 μg/ml) and MCF‐7 (21±1.5 μg/ml) cells. Furthermore, the morphological changes and apoptotic induction of the promising candidates have been studied by AO/EB (Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide) and DAPI (4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole) staining methods.
Synergistic Flame‐Retardant Effect of an Aryl Boronic Acid Compound and Ammonium Polyphosphate on Epoxy Resins
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Ai Lianghui , Zeng Jinming , Liu Ping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo develop new organic/inorganic synergistic flame retardants, organic compound containing boron and nitrogen, 2,4,6‐tris‐(4‐boronphenoxy)‐(1,3,5)‐triazine (TNB) was synthesized. The flame retardant properties of epoxy resins (EP) containing TNB and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were investigated. When 5% of TNB/APP (w/w was 1:2) was added to EP, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of EP containing TNB/APP was 29.5%, and UL 94 V‐0 rating was achieved. Its peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased. In addition, the mechanical properties of EP containing TNB/APP were not affected significantly. Using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM‐EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Pyrolysis‐gas chromatography mass spectrometry (PY‐GC‐MS), the flame‐retardant mechanism was investigated. It was indicated that TNB/APP had good synergistic flame‐retardant effects, which was effect in the gas and condensed phases simultaneously.
Research on privacy enhancement scheme of blockchain transactions
Authors: Feng Tao , Chen Xuan , Liu Chunyan , Feng Xiaoqin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBlockchain is the supporting technology for cryptocurrencies, which can be used to record transaction information among users. However, the information on blockchain can be accessed and verified by any user. To some extent, it is effortless to acquire users' identities, transaction privacy information by means of transaction tracing technology and data analysis technology. In order to tackle the above problems, we proposed a transaction privacy enhancement scheme based on the computational Diffie‐Hellman problem with provable security. By leveraging a group signature scheme, the mixing peer can mix the transactions so that the transaction sender can be hidden into a mixing group. In addition, our solution improves the efficiency by utilizing a signature aggregation scheme and reducing the overhead of the signature verification. The security analysis shows that the proposed scheme is superior in privacy and the efficiency of signature verification.
Making energy system models useful: Good practice in the modelling of multiple vectors
Authors: Hawker Graeme S. , Bell Keith R. W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnergy system models which cover multiple vectors have become increasingly used to provide an evidence base for policy and commercial decisions in real‐world energy systems undergoing change. In particular, such models are often used to derive “optimal” pathways to decarbonization considering the planning or operation of systems with multiple technology options. This paper explores how the concept of “usefulness”—the applicability and relevance of modelling outcomes—may be used to establish criteria for modelling design and practice at the outset, and looks at the difficulties that may be faced in achieving this. The application should inform the choice of modelling framework and the manner in which tractability should be addressed and results meaningfully presented. A process of continuous engagement is proposed which guides modelling work towards “useful” outcomes, as well as mitigating the danger of results being more reflective of design choices than the properties of the real‐world systems being modeled. Because of the difficulties in maintaining and auditing complex datasets spanning expertise from multiple sectors, there is a clear role for independent data curators to facilitate rigor in model parameterization and to allow consistency between modelling efforts. Specialists from the different disciplines represented should be engaged to ensure that data have been interpreted and applied correctly. All modelling choices should be clearly documented along with advice on their possible implications in respect of use of the results.This article is categorized under:
Energy Systems Analysis > Systems and Infrastructure
Sex-specific risks of death in patients hospitalized for hyponatremia: a population-based study
Authors: Mannheimer Buster , Skov Jakob , Falhammar Henrik , Calissendorff Jan , Lindh Jonatan D. , Nathanson David 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Several studies have reported an association between hyponatremia and lethality. However, it remains elusive whether hyponatremia independently contributes to lethality. The aim of the study was to investigate associations between hyponatremia and lethality and differences in lethality between men and women hospitalized due to hyponatremia.

Methods
Four registries were utilized in this population-based retrospective study: The National Patient Registry, the Cause of Death Register, the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the Total Population Register (NPR) from which the controls were sampled. All hospitalized patients with a first-ever principal ICD10 diagnosis of hyponatremia or syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion in the NPR between 1 October 2005 and 31 December 2014 were defined as cases. Cox regression with adjustment for potential confounders was used.

Results
14,359 individuals with a principal diagnosis of hyponatremia, and 57,382 matched controls were identified. Median age was 76 years and the majority were women (72%). Median age for women and men was 79 and 68 years, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios (and 95% CI) for lethality in those with hyponatremia compared with controls were for the entire population 5.5 (4.4–7.0) and in the subgroup free from previously known underlying disease 6.7 (3.3–13.3). Lethality in women with hyponatremia was lower compared with men: HR: 0.56 (0.49–0.64). In the healthier group the lethality remained lower for women: HR: 0.49 (0.34–0.71).

Conclusions
Patients hospitalized due to hyponatremia faced an increased subsequent lethality that was independent of concomitant disease. This increase was nearly twice as large among men compared with women.
Application of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) to measure multidimensional anti-influenza IgG antibodies by the mPlex-Flu assay
Authors: Wang Jiong , Li Dongmei , Wiltse Alexander , Emo Jason , Hilchey Shannon P. , Zand Martin S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Recently, volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) has been used for accurate sampling of a fixed peripheral blood volume (10 µL) on a volumetric swab, and long-term sample storage. The mPlex-Flu assay is a novel, high-throughput assay that simultaneously measures the concentration of antibodies against the hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from multiple influenza virus strains with ≤5 µL of serum. Here we describe combining these two methods to measure multidimensional anti-influenza IgG activity in whole blood samples collected by a finger stick and VAMS, with correction for serum volume based on simultaneous hemoglobin measurement.Methods: We compared capillary blood samples obtained from a finger stick using a VAMS device with serum samples collected by traditional phlebotomy from 20 subjects, with the influenza antibody profiles measured by the mPlex-Flu assay.Results: We found that results with the two sampling methods were highly correlated within subjects and across all influenza strains (meanR2= 0.9470). Adjustment for serum volume, based on hemaglobin measurement, was used to estimate serum volume of samples and improved the accuracy. IgG measurements were stable over 3 weeks when VAMS samples were stored at room temperature or transported using a variety of shipping methods. Additionally, when volunteers performed finger-stick VAMS at-home by themselves, the comparison results of anti-HA antibody concentrations were highly consistent with sampling performed by study personnel on-site (R2= 0.9496).Conclusions: This novel approach can provide a simple, accurate, and low-cost means for monitoring the IgG anti-influenza HA antibody responses in large population studies and clinical trials.
Evaluation of Emergency Department-Based Surveillance Systems at 2 Healthcare Facilities After Hurricane Maria: Puerto Rico, 2017-2018
Authors: Adams Laura E. , Vargas Luzeida , Frasqueri-Quintana Veronica M. , Torres-Figueroa Xiomara , Ryff Kyle , Sanchez-Gonzalez Liliana , Little Emma , Ciampaglio Kaitlyn , Reyes Claudio Julio M. , Ponton-Cruz Elyonel , Santiago William , Paz-Bailey Gabriela , Alvarado Luisa I. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Hurricane Maria caused catastrophic damage in Puerto Rico, increasing the risk for morbidity and mortality in the post-impact period. We aimed to establish a syndromic surveillance system to describe the number and type of visits at 2 emergency health-care settings in the same hospital system in Ponce, Puerto Rico.

Methods:
We implemented a hurricane surveillance system by interviewing patients with a short questionnaire about the reason for visit at a hospital emergency department and associated urgent care clinic in the 6 mo after Hurricane Maria. We then evaluated the system by comparing findings with data from the electronic medical record (EMR) system for the same time period.

Results:
The hurricane surveillance system captured information from 5116 participants across the 2 sites, representing 17% of all visits captured in the EMR for the same period. Most visits were associated with acute illness/symptoms (79%), followed by injury (11%). The hurricane surveillance and EMR data were similar, proportionally, by sex, age, and visit category.

Conclusions:
The hurricane surveillance system provided timely and representative data about the number and type of visits at 2 sites. This system, or an adapted version using available electronic data, should be considered in future disaster settings.