bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The detrimental effects of ambivalence over emotional expression on well‐being among Mainland Chinese breast cancer patients: Mediating role of perceived social support
Authors: Ji Li‐li , Tsai William , Sun Xiang‐lian , Lu Qian , Wang Hui‐dong , Wang Li‐juan , Lu Guo‐hua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveRecent research has documented the harmful effects of ambivalence over emotional expression (AEE) on psychological well‐being, but few studies to date have examined AEE among Mainland Chinese breast cancer patients, an ethnic group that prioritizes emotion restraint to preserve social harmony. The present study examined the relationship between AEE and well‐being (viz, anxious and depressive symptoms and quality of life) and evaluated perceived social support as a potential mediator of this relationship in a sample of Mainland Chinese breast cancer patients.MethodsThree hundred twenty‐seven Chinese breast cancer patients recruited from Weifang, China, completed a self‐reported questionnaire containing the Ambivalence over Emotional Expression Questionnaire (AEQ), the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS‐SSS), the Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self‐rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast (FACT‐B).ResultsOverall, Mainland Chinese breast cancer patients endorsed high levels of AEE. A series of mediation analyses revealed perceived social support served as a partial mediator of the relationship between AEE and well‐being. Specifically, AEE was associated with lower perceived social support (βs = −.13, P < .001), which in turn, was associated with greater anxious symptoms (β = .23, P < .001), depressive symptoms (β = .20, P < .001) and lower quality of life (β = −.30, P < .001).ConclusionsThe harmful relationship between AEE and well‐being is partially explained by reduced social support. Psychosocial interventions that facilitate emotional disclosure without harming social harmony may be culturally effective for mainland Chinese breast cancer patients.
Overexpression of the genes of glycerol catabolism and glycerol facilitator improves glycerol conversion to ethanol in the methylotrophic thermotolerant yeast Ogataea polymorpha
Authors: Semkiv Marta , Kata Iwona , Ternavska Orysya , Sibirny Wladimir , Dmytruk Kostyantyn , Sibirny Andriy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProduction of fuel ethanol is one of the possible ways to utilize crude glycerol, substantial amounts of which are produced by biodiesel industry. Earlier, we have described construction of the recombinant strains of methylotrophic thermotolerant yeast Ogataea polymorpha with simultaneous overexpression of the genes PDC1 and ADH1, which produced increased amounts of ethanol from glycerol. In this work, we have further improved these strains by overexpression of genes involved either in oxidative (through dihydroxyacetone) or phosphorylative (through glycerol‐3‐phosphate) pathway of glycerol catabolism, as well as heterologous gene coding for glycerol transporter FPS1 from Komagataella phaffii (formerly, Pichia pastoris). Obtained recombinant strains produced up to 10.7 g/L of ethanol (with ethanol productivity 30 mg/g of biomass/hr and yield 132 mg/g of consumed glycerol) from pure glycerol and up to 3.55 g/L of ethanol (with ethanol productivity 11.6 mg/g of biomass/hr and yield 72.3 mg/g of consumed glycerol) from crude glycerol as a carbon source, which is approximately 15 times more relative to that of the O. polymorpha wild‐type strain and 2.2 more relative to the earlier constructed strain.
Counting associatives in compact G2 orbifolds
Authors: Acharya Bobby Samir , Braun Andreas P. , Svanes Eirik Eik , Valandro Roberto 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe describe a class of compactG2orbifolds constructed from non-symplectic involutions of K3 surfaces. Within this class, we identify a model for which there are infinitely many associative submanifolds contributing to the effective superpotential ofM-theory compactifications. Under a chain of dualities, these can be mapped toF-theory on a Calabi-Yau fourfold, and we find that they are dual to an example studied by Donagi, Grassi and Witten. Finally, we give two different descriptions of our main example and the associative submanifolds as a twisted connected sum.
Extracellular Vesicles From Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells Ameliorate Erectile Dysfunction in a Diabetic Rat Model by Delivering Proangiogenic MicroRNA
Authors: Ouyang Bin , Xie Yun , Zhang Chi , Deng Cuncan , Lv Linyan , Yao Jiahui , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Guihua , Deng Junhong , Deng Chunhua 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Stem cell therapies represent a promising new frontier for the treatment of refractory diabetic erectile dysfunction (DED). The use of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a novel strategy for cell-free stem cell therapy. We have reported that urine-derived stem cells (USCs) can improve DED; however, the therapeutic effects of EVs secreted by USCs (USC-EVs) remain unknown.

Aim
To determine the therapeutic effects of USC-EVs on DED in a rat model.

Methods
USC-EVs were isolated from conditioned medium by ultracentrifugation. DED was induced in male Sprague–Dawley rats via an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Sixteen DED rats were divided into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and USC-EV groups. Eight normal rats served as the normal control group. PBS or USC-EVs were transplanted into the corpora cavernosa in the corresponding groups.

Main Outcome Measure
Intracavernosal pressure (ICP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), expression of endothelial markers (CD31), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phospho-eNOS, and neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were assessed in each group. Masson’s trichrome staining was used to determine the collagen deposition and ratio of smooth muscle cells to collagen. The microRNA (miRNA) cargo of USC-EVs was characterized by high-throughput RNA sequencing.

Results
Recovery of erectile function was observed in the USC-EV group, as represented by improved ICP and ICP/MAP ratio. CD31, eNOS, phospho-eNOS, and nNOS expression in the penis was significantly improved in the USC-EV group. In addition, the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen was significantly increased in the USC-EV group. RNA sequencing revealed that USC-EVs were enriched for distinct classes of miRNA (miR-21-5p, let-7 family, miR-10 family, miR-30 family, and miR-148a-3p) that promote angiogenesis.

Conclusion
USC-EV transplantation can ameliorate DED in rats. Its mechanism may involve the delivery of proangiogenic miRNA.
Impacts of Sulfate Geoengineering on Rice Yield in China: Results From a Multimodel Ensemble
Authors: Zhan Pei , Zhu Wenquan , Zhang Tianyi , Cui Xuefeng , Li Nan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSulfate geoengineering could mitigate global warming via injecting SO2 into the stratosphere. However, its impacts on regional climate might lead to adverse consequences for local agriculture. In this study, we simulated the impacts of sulfate geoengineering on rice yield in China both with sufficient irrigation (irrigated) and without irrigation (rainfed). We used Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project G4 climates from six climate models to force the ORYZA version 3 crop model to simulate rice yields under sulfate geoengineering scenario. G4 prescribes a sulfate injection to offset the radiative forcing in the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. Results indicated that during the last 15 years of G4 sulfate geoengineering (i.e., 2055–2069), the implementation of sulfate geoengineering increases rice yields in most areas in China comparing with that without the implementation of sulfate geoengineering (i.e., RCP4.5), with a yield increase of 5.3 ± 5.7% for irrigated yield and 4.8 ± 7.3% for rainfed yield. After the termination of sulfate geoengineering, the irrigated rice yield in G4 is still significantly higher than that in RCP4.5, but such increase is not significant for rainfed yield. Temperature is always the dominant factor that drives the rice yield change no matter under irrigated or rainfed conditions, but the effect from solar radiation cannot be ignored in southern China.
Diverse Mycorrhizal Associations Enhance Terrestrial C Storage in a Global Model
Authors: Sulman Benjamin N. , Shevliakova Elena , Brzostek Edward R. , Kivlin Stephanie N. , Malyshev Sergey , Menge Duncan N.L. , Zhang Xin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAccurate projections of the terrestrial carbon (C) sink are critical to understanding the future global C cycle and setting CO2 emission reduction goals. Current earth system models (ESMs) and dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) with coupled carbon‐nitrogen cycles project that future terrestrial C sequestration will be limited by nitrogen (N) availability, but the magnitude of N limitation remains a critical uncertainty. Plants use multiple symbiotic nutrient acquisition strategies to mitigate N limitation, but current DGVMs omit these mechanisms. Fully coupling N‐acquiring plant‐microbe symbioses to soil organic matter (SOM) cycling within a DGVM for the first time, we show that increases in N acquisition via SOM decomposition and atmospheric N2 fixation could support long‐term enhancement of terrestrial C sequestration at global scales under elevated CO2. The model reproduced elevated CO2 responses from two experiments (Duke and Oak Ridge) representing contrasting N acquisition strategies. N release from enhanced SOM decomposition supported vegetation growth at Duke, while inorganic N depletion limited growth at Oak Ridge. Global simulations reproduced spatial patterns of N‐acquiring symbioses from a novel niche‐based map of mycorrhizal fungi. Under a 100‐ppm increase in CO2 concentrations, shifts in N acquisition pathways facilitated 200 Pg C of terrestrial C sequestration over 100 years compared to 50 Pg C for a scenario with static N acquisition pathways. Our results suggest that N acquisition strategies are important determinants of terrestrial C sequestration potential under elevated CO2 and that nitrogen‐enabled DGVMs that omit symbiotic N acquisition may underestimate future terrestrial C uptake.
An Experimental Investigation of the Relative Strength of the Silica Polymorphs Quartz, Coesite, and Stishovite
Authors: Hunt Simon A. , Whitaker Matthew L. , Bailey Edward , Mariani Elisabetta , Stan Camelia V. , Dobson David P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, quartz, coesite, and stishovite were deformed concurrently with an olivine reference sample at high pressure and 850 ± 50 °C. Olivine deformed with an effective stress exponent (n) of
, which we interpret to indicate that the Peierls creep deformation mechanism was active in the olivine. Quartz and coesite had very similar strengths and deformed by a mechanism with n =
and
, respectively, which are consistent with previous measurements of power law creep in these phases. Stishovite deformed with n =
and was stronger than both olivine and the other silica polymorphs. The high stress exponent of stishovite is greater than that typically observed for power law creep, indicating it is probably (but not certainly) deforming by Peierls creep. The rheology of SiO2 minerals appears therefore to be strongly affected by the change in silicon coordination and density from fourfold in quartz and coesite to sixfold in stishovite. If the effect of Si coordination can be generalized, the increase in Si coordination (and density) associated with bridgmanite formation may explain the tenfold to 100‐fold viscosity increase around 660 km depth in the Earth.
Phase Relations of Harzburgite and MORB up to the Uppermost Lower Mantle Conditions: Precise Comparison With Pyrolite by Multisample Cell High‐Pressure Experiments With Implication to Dynamics of Subducted Slabs
Authors: Ishii Takayuki , Kojitani Hiroshi , Akaogi Masaki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe determined phase relations of harzburgite and basalt (mid‐ocean ridge basalt, MORB) at 12–28 GPa and 1600–2200 °C with a large number of experiments using a multianvil high‐pressure apparatus. These phase relations were precisely compared with those of pyrolite simultaneously determined by multisample cell technique. The post‐spinel (pSp) transition of harzburgite occurs at 23 GPa and 1600 °C with the boundary slope of −3 ± 1 MPa/°C. The post‐garnet (pGt) transition boundary of MORB, defined as the beginning of the majorite garnet‐bridgmanite transition, is located at 25 GPa and 1600 °C, with a slope of 1.5 ± 1 MPa/°C. The pSp transition of harzburgite occurs at higher pressure by 0.5 GPa at 1600 °C and has the more negative slope than that of pyrolite (−1 ± 1 MPa/°C). The pGt transition of MORB occurs at higher pressure by 3 GPa than the pSp transition of harzburgite. At 1600 °C, the density of pyrolite is smaller than those of harzburgite and MORB before the pSp transition of pyrolite (pyrolite–harzburgite/MORB = −0.17 g/cm3). After the pSp transition of pyrolite, harzburgite has lower densities than that of pyrolite at 22–27 GPa (pyrolite–harzburgite = 0.31 and 0.08 g/cm3 before/after the pSp transition in harzburgite, respectively). On the other hand, the density of MORB becomes the highest among the three rocks above 25 GPa after the pGt transition of MORB (pyrolite–MORB = −0.18 g/cm3). The present density contrasts suggest that harzburgite and MORB may stagnate and accumulate in the transition zone by slab subduction, resulting in that the pyrolitic part of slabs is subducted into the lower mantle.
Experimental Insights Into Fault Reactivation in Gouge‐Filled Fault Zones
Authors: Giorgetti C. , Tesei T. , Scuderi M. M. , Collettini C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFaults in the brittle crust constitute preexisting weakness zones that can be reactivated depending on their friction, orientation within the local stress field, and stress field magnitude. Analytical approaches to evaluate the potential for fault reactivation are generally based on the assumption that faults are ideal planes characterized by zero thickness and constant friction. However, natural faults are complex structures that typically host thick fault rocks. Here we experimentally investigate the reactivation of gouge‐bearing faults and compare the resulting data with theoretical predictions based on analytical models. We simulate preexisting faults by conducting triaxial experiments on sandstone cylinders containing saw‐cuts filled with a clay‐rich gouge and oriented at different angles, from 30° to 80°, to the maximum principal stress. Our results show the reactivation of preexisting faults when oriented at 30°, 40°, and 50° to the maximum principal stress and the formation of a new fracture for fault orientations higher than 50°. Although these observations are consistent with the fault lock‐up predicted by analytical models, the differential stress required for reactivation strongly differs from theoretical predictions. In particular, unfavorable oriented faults appear systematically weaker, especially when a thick gouge layer is present. We infer that the observed weakness relates to the rotation of the stress field within the gouge layer during the documented distributed deformation that precedes unstable fault reactivation. Thus, the assumption of zero‐thickness planar fault provides only an upper bound to the stress required for reactivation of misoriented faults, which might result in misleading predictions of fault reactivation.
New wavelength calibration for echelle spectrographs using Fabry-Pérot etalons
Authors: Cersullo F. , Coffinet A. , Chazelas B. , Lovis C. , Pepe F. 
Published: March 2019

Context. The study of Earth-mass extrasolar planets via the radial-velocity technique and the measurement of the potential cosmological variability of fundamental constants call for very-high-precision spectroscopy at the level of δλ/λ <  10−9. Only an accurate wavelength calibration of the spectrograph can guarantee that the aimed precision is achieved over a multi-exposure and multi-epoch data set. Wavelength accuracy is obtained by providing two fundamental ingredients: 1) an absolute and information-rich wavelength source and 2) the ability of the spectrograph and its data reduction of transferring the reference scale (wavelengths) to a measurement scale (detector pixels) in a repeatable manner.
Aims. The goal of this work is to improve the wavelength calibration accuracy of the HARPS spectrograph by combining the absolute spectral reference provided by the emission lines of a thorium-argon hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) with the spectrally rich and precise spectral information of a Fabry-Pérot-based calibration source.
Methods. On the basis of calibration frames acquired each night since the Fabry-Pérot etalon was installed on HARPS in 2011, we constructed a combined wavelength solution that fits simultaneously the thorium emission lines and the Fabry-Pérot lines. The combined fit was anchored to the absolute thorium wavelengths, which provide the “zero-point” of the spectrograph, while the Fabry-Pérot lines were used to improve the (spectrally) local precision. The obtained wavelength solution was verified for auto-consistency and tested against a solution obtained using the HARPS laser-frequency comb (LFC).
Results. The combined thorium+Fabry-Pérot wavelength solution shows significantly better performances compared to the thorium-only calibration. In both cases, the residuals of the LFC line positions to the fitted wavelength solution follow a Gaussian distribution with an rms value of about 14 m s−1 for the combined solution, and twice as large for the thorium-only solution (29 m s−1). Given these positive results, we have applied the new calibrations to scientific frames and tested the radial-velocity residual on three well-known stars: HD 10700, HD 20794, and HD 69830. In all three cases the radial-velocity (RV) scatter could be reduced compared to the measurements using the previous calibration.
Conclusions. The richness of the Fabry-Pérot spectrum helps to improve the wavelength calibration using thorium-argon lamps or extending the wavelength domain of LFCs with limited operational range. The presented techniques will therefore be used in the new HARPS and HARPS-N pipeline, and will be exported to the ESPRESSO spectrograph.
The survey of planetary nebulae in Andromeda (M 31)
Authors: Bhattacharya Souradeep , Arnaboldi Magda , Hartke Johanna , Gerhard Ortwin , Comte Valentin , McConnachie Alan , Caldwell Nelson 
Published: March 2019

Context.The Andromeda (M 31) galaxy subtends nearly 100 square degrees on the sky. Any study of its halo must therefore account for the severe contamination from the Milky Way halo stars whose surface density displays a steep gradient across the entire M 31 field of view.Aims.Our goal is to identify a population of stars firmly associated with the M 31 galaxy. Planetary nebulae (PNe) are one such population that are excellent tracers of light, chemistry, and motion in galaxies. We present a 16 square degree survey of the disc and inner halo of M 31 with the MegaCam wide-field imager at the CFHT to identify PNe, and characterise the luminosity-specific PN number and PN luminosity function (PNLF) in M 31.Methods.PNe were identified via automated detection techniques based on their bright [O III] 5007 Å emission and absence of a continuum. Subsamples of the faint PNe were independently confirmed by matching with resolvedHubbleSpace Telescope sources from the PanchromaticHubbleAndromeda Treasury and spectroscopic follow-up observations with HectoSpec at the MMT.Results.The current survey reaches two magnitudes fainter than the previous most sensitive survey. We thus identify 4289 PNe, of which only 1099 were previously known. By comparing the PN number density with the surface brightness profile of M 31 out to ∼30 kpc along the minor axis, we find that the stellar population in the inner halo has a luminosity-specific PN number value that is seven times higher than that of the disc. We measure the luminosity function of the PN population and find a bright cut-off and a slope consistent with previous determinations. Interestingly, it shows a significant rise at the faint end, present in all radial bins covered by the survey. This rise in the M 31 PNLF is much steeper than that observed for the Magellanic clouds and Milky Way bulge.Conclusions.The significant radial variation of the PN specific frequency value indicates that the stellar population at deprojected minor-axis radii larger than ∼10 kpc is different from that in the disc of M 31. The rise at the faint end of the PNLF is a property of the late phases of the stellar population. M 31 shows two major episodes of star formation and the rise at the faint end of the PNLF is possibly associated with the older stellar population. It may also be a result of varying opacity of the PNe.
The GRAVITY fringe tracker
Authors: Lacour S. , Dembet R. , Abuter R. , Fédou P. , Perrin G. , Choquet É. , Pfuhl O. , Eisenhauer F. , Woillez J. , Cassaing F. , Wieprecht E. , Ott T. , Wiezorrek E. , Tristram K. R. W. , Wolff B. , Ramírez A. , Haubois X. , Perraut K. , Straubmeier C. , Brandner W. , Amorim A. 
Published: March 2019

Context. The GRAVITY instrument was commissioned on the VLTI in 2016 and is now available to the astronomical community. It is the first optical interferometer capable of observing sources as faint as magnitude 19 in K band. This is possible through the fringe tracker, which compensates the differential piston based on measurements of a brighter off-axis astronomical reference source.
Aims. The goal of this paper is to describe the main developments made in the context of the GRAVITY fringe tracker. This could serve as basis for future fringe-tracking systems.
Methods. The paper therefore covers all aspects of the fringe tracker, from hardware to control software and on-sky observations. Special emphasis is placed on the interaction between the group-delay controller and the phase-delay controller. The group-delay control loop is a simple but robust integrator. The phase-delay controller is a state-space control loop based on an auto-regressive representation of the atmospheric and vibrational perturbations. A Kalman filter provides the best possible determination of the state of the system.
Results. The fringe tracker shows good tracking performance on sources with coherent K magnitudes of 11 on the Unit Telescopes (UTs) and 9.5 on the Auxiliary Telescopes (ATs). It can track fringes with a signal-to-noise ratio of 1.5 per detector integration time, limited by photon and background noises. During good seeing conditions, the optical path delay residuals on the ATs can be as low as 75 nm root mean square. The performance is limited to around 250 nm on the UTs because of structural vibrations.