bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Constitutionalism and Its Legitimacy Problems: Human Rights, Proportionality, and International Investment Law
Authors: Schneiderman David 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
How is legitimacy to be secured for constitution-like legal orders operating beyond the state? Some scholars recommend connecting aspects of global law to human rights adjudication and enforcement by adopting their preferred method for resolving conflicts, namely, proportionality analysis. Adopting a frame of analysis widely embraced by apex courts might generate the requisite regime legitimacy, it is argued. This turns out to be a strategy that is difficult to pursue in the realm of international investment law, a global legal order made up of over 3,300 investment and regional treaties, enforced by private systems of dispute resolution, that incorporates standards of treatment familiar to national constitutional law. By undertaking an analysis of statements made by relevant actors in the field, principally investment lawyers and arbitrators, we learn that there is not that much interest in taking up proportionality analysis, despite the legitimacy problems that continue to dog the system. Whatever the purported advantages of turning to proportionality, it turns out that investment lawyers and arbitrators are not so interested in embracing logics other than one preoccupied with owing solicitude to foreign investors. This reluctance renders investment law a less legitimate, and therefore less sustainable, form of constitution-like global law.
Direct oral anticoagulants and travel-related venous thromboembolism
Authors: Chamnanchanunt Supat , Rojnuckarin Ponlapat 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Travel- related thromboembolism reflects the relationship between venous thromboembolism (VTE) and long-haul flights. Although this condition is rare, it may cause significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, travelers should be evaluated for the risks for thrombosis. Travel physicians should employ a clinical risk score and select in vestigations, prophylaxis, and treatment that are appropriate for each individual. This review summarizes current VTE clinical risk scores and patient management from various reliable guidelines. We summarized 16 reliable publications for reviewing data. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are currently the standard treatment for VTE and a prophylactic measure for VTE in orthopedic surgery. Compared with a vitamin K antagonist (VKA), DOACs show better safety and similar efficacy without the need for monitoring, and have fewer food/drug interactions. Inferred from the data on general VTE, DOACs may be used to treat travel-related VTE. Although the data are lacking, DOACs may be used off-label as VTE prophylax is. Before using DOACs, physicians must know the pharmacology of the drugs well and should realize that the availability of antidotes for bleeding complications is limited.
“Nonetheless They Will Have Need of Wood”: Aesthetic and Utilitarian Approaches to Trees inThe SilmarillionandUnfinished Tales
Authors: Simonson Martin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA common assumption about J.R.R. Tolkien’s works is that they are escapist, only dealing obliquely with issues related to the real world. This has been addressed in the field of literary studies by linking Tolkien’s literary output with twentieth-century concerns such as modernist practices and, in recent times, by reading his tales against the backdrop of ecocriticism. However, scholars in the latter field, such as Dickerson, Evans, and Campbell, frequently over-emphasize wonder and the spiritual connection with the natural world as the intended response of readers, which undermines the potential implications and relevance of Tolkien’s works for the real world. In this article I wish to show that Tolkien’s cosmological vision is not only premised on the idea of appreciating the wonder-inciting qualities of the world but that it also entails a certain amount of utilitarianism, and the need to combine both is related to the ethical theory of ideal utilitarianism as outlined by G.E. Moore. Moreover, in several early episodes ofThe Silmarillion, the combined approach to the natural world is represented by trees, setting a mythical precedent for later works. Of the latter, I will be looking mainly at “Aldarion and Erendis” inUnfinished Talesand “The Downfall of Númenor” inThe Silmarillion.
Pola Asuh dan Peer Group terhadap Konsep Diri Remaja tentang Perilaku Seksual
Authors: Najib Najib 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak
Masa remaja merupakan masa dimana seorang individu mengalami peralihan yang penuh dengan permasalahan. Salah satu permasalahan pada remaja yang berisiko adalah masalah perilaku seksual remaja. Faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku reproduksi remaja diantaranya adalah faktor keluarga dan pergaulan remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola asuh orangtua dan peer group terhadap konsep diri remaja tentang perilaku seksual pada siswa SMK. Jenis penelitian ini survei analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Responden penelitian ini adalah siswa/siswi dan orangtua SMK Negeri di Kota Semarang sebanyak 387 orang dan diambil dengan purposive sampling. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil menunjukkan Peer group Buruk (73,8), Pola Asuh orangtua Otoriter (57,9%), dan Konsep Diri Baik (68,3). Uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan Peer group dengan konsep diri remaja tentang perilaku seksual di SMK Negeri di Kota Semarang (P= 0,009;C=0,134), 35,5% konsep diri Buruk dengan peer group yang buruk. Ada hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan konsep diri remaja tentang perilaku seksual di SMK Negeri di Kota Semarang (P=0,003;C=0,153), 37,9% pola asuh otoriter mengakibatkan konsep diri yang buruk. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pola asuh orang tua dan peer group berhubungan dengan konsep diri remaja terkait perilaku seksual.

Abstract
The period for the future of individual transition is full of problems. One of the problems in adolescents who are at issue is the problem of adolescent governance. Factors that influence adolescents are family factors and teenage relationships. This study aimed to determine the effect of parenting and peer grouping on adolescent self-concept about sexual behavior in vocational students. This type of research was analytic survey with cross sectional research design. Respondents of this study were 387 public vocational high school students in Semarang City and taken by purposive sampling. Bivariate analysis used Chi Square test. The results showed the Poor Group (73.8), the Authoritarian Asuhahulu Pattern (57.9%), and the Good Self Concept (68.3). Statistical test shows that there is a relationship between Peer group and adolescent self-concept in Semarang City State Vocational High School (P = 0.009; C = 0.134), 35.5% Bad self concept with poor peer group. There is a relationship between parenting and self-concept in state vocational schools in the city of Semarang (P = 0.003; C = 0.153), 37.9% authoritarian parenting that is bad. This study concluded that parenting and peer group were related to sexual concepts.
EGE DENİZİ’NDEKİ KARASULARI SORUNUNUN TÜRK VE ULUSLARARASI DENİZ TİCARETİ’NE ETKİLERİ
Authors: CEYHUN Gökçe Çiçek 
Published: November 2018

Günümüz dünyasında devletlerin en temel stratejilerinden biri, enerji hatlarını ve enerji kaynaklarını kontrol altına alarak rekabet güçlerini geliştirmektir. Türkiye, coğrafi konumunun verdiği üstünlükten kaynaklanan nedenlerle özellikle deniz alanları açısından rekabet gücü yüksek ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle Türkiye, yük taşımacılığından aldığı yüksek pay ve deniz ticareti açısından bölgede oynadığı kilit rol ile denizlere ilişkin uyguladığı politikalar açısından dikkat çekici bir konumdadır. Deniz ticareti açısından durum incelendiğinde, denizin statüsüne göre her ne kadar transit geçiş ve zararsız geçiş gibi rejimler öngörülse de, denizlerdeki aidiyet tartışmasının, bu geçişlerde kullanılan ticari rotaları da etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir. Özellikle bazı deniz alanlarında ticari gemilerin izleyeceği rotaların, geçiş rejimine bağlı olması, bu alanlardaki özgürlüğü etkileyeceğinden, sınırlandırma konusundaki kararların uluslararası ticarete etkide bulunması olasıdır. Tüm bu nedenlerden dolayı, bu çalışmada Ege Denizi’ndeki karasuları sınırlandırmalarına ilişkin gelişmelerin ülkemiz deniz ticareti ve uluslararası deniz ticaretine olası etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında derinlemesine literatür taraması yapılmış, deniz ticaret rotalarına ilişkin haritalar aracılığıyla mevcut durum incelenmiş ve olası senaryolar tartışılarak, geleceğe yönelik tedbir ve öngörüler sunularak çalışma sonlandırılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ege Denizi, karasuları, deniz ticareti
BİST’DE İŞLEM GÖREN KÂĞIT VE KÂĞIT ÜRÜNLERİ BASIM VE YAYIN İŞLETMELERİNİN TOPSİS, PROMETHEE VE COPRAS YÖNTEMLERİYLE FİNANSAL PERFORMANSLARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: AKYÜZ Fatma , YEŞİL Tolga , KARA İsmail , ERSOY Gürsel 
Published: November 2018

Kağıt ve Kağıt Ürünleri Basım ve Yayın sektöründe de son zamanlarda ithalata bağımlı olunmasından dolayı üretim maliyetleri yükselmiştir. Bu noktada çalışmada Kağıt ve Kağıt Ürünleri Basım ve Yayın sektörün tercih edilmiş olup, sektörde lider durumda olan işletmeler çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören Kâğıt ve Kâğıt Ürünleri Basım ve Yayın sektöründeki işletmelerin 2012-2017 yılları arasındaki finansal performansları, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden olan TOPSİS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) ve COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment) yöntemleriyle ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma örneklemini BİST’de işlem gören 14 işletme oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada ilk olarak çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinde kullanılan finansal oranlar açıklanmış ve daha sonra TOPSİS, PROMETHEE ve COPRAS yöntemlerinin uygulama basamaklarına yer verilmiştir. Finansal oranların hesaplanması aşamasında, ilgili işletmelerin 2012-2017 yılları arasındaki finansal tabloları Kamuyu Aydınlatma Platformundan alınan veriler ışığında kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, her bir yöntem için söz konusu işletmelerin 2012-2017 yılları arasındaki 6 dönemlik performanslarının 10 finansal oranla değerlendirilmesi yapılarak, elde edilen sonuçlar arasında karşılaştırma yapılmıştır.
DOES EMPLOYER BRANDING AFFECT JOB EMBEDDEDNESS? THE MEDIATING ROLE OF DEDICATION AND PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT
Authors: TATAR Berivan , MÜCELDİLİ Büşra , ERDİL Oya 
Published: November 2018

Along with emerging the war for talent, scholars have given ample attention to employer branding concept referring the a whole of values and benefits that organizations provide for both attracting and retaining the best possible talent. In this context, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of employer branding on the favorable employee behavior as job embeddedness via the mediating role of the dedication and perceived organizational support. Data collected from 200 respondents have been analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling. As a result of analyses, the hypothesized model was supported. Findings of the study revealed that employer branding has effect the dedication, job embeddedness and organizational support perception of employees. Additionally, dedication and perceived organizational support partially mediate the relationship between employer branding and job embeddedness. Finally, the theoretical and practical implication, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Temporal variation, growth and natural mortality of two species of mojarras (Perciformes: Gerreidae) from a tropical coastal lagoon: La Carbonera, Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Bonilla-Gómez José Luis , Badillo-Alemán Maribel , Gallardo-Torres Alfredo , Chiappa-Carrara Xavier 
Published: November 2018

This study reports seasonal variation, growth parameters and natural mortality for Eucinostomus gula and Eucinostomus argenteus inhabiting La Carbonera, a tropical coastal lagoon on the northwestern coast of theYucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Specimens were collected between April 2009 and March 2010. A total of 2700organisms of E. gula (> 80% in rainy season ) and 1577 organisms of E. argenteus (>50% in dry season)were collected during the study period. Length-weight relationship (LWR) obtained was W = 8.323E-03Lt2.92 in E. argenteus and W = 7.314E-03 Lt2.92 in E. gula. Growth parameters of von Bertalanffy growthfunction (VBGF) by length frequency analysis were in E. argenteus: L∞ = 13.65 cm, k = 0.54 year-1 and t0= - 0.37 years; and in E. gula: L∞ = 12.60 cm, k = 0.68 year-1 and t0 = - 0.28 years. Additionally, estimatednatural mortality in E. gula was 1.50 year-1 and in E. argenteus was 1.9 year-1. This study presents the firstestimation for both species of model parameters, growth performance index and mortality for the Yucatan Peninsula, which is relevant for the proper implementation of conservation measures for E. gula and E. argenteus in an important coastal zone of the Yucatan Peninsula.Se reportan la variación temporal, los parámetros de crecimiento y la mortalidad natural para Eucinostomus gula y Eucinostomus argenteus que habitan en la laguna costera tropical La Carbonera, al noroeste de la península de Yucatán, México. Los especímenes fueron recolectados entre abril de 2009 a marzo de 2010. Un total de 2 700 organismos de E. gula (> 80% en la estación lluviosa) y 1 577 organismos de E. argenteus (> 50% en la estación seca) fueron recolectados durante el período de estudio. Se determinó la relación peso-longitud (RPL) como: P = 8.323E-03 Lt 2.92 en E. argenteus y P = 7.314E-03 Lt2.92 en E. gula. Para E. argenteus, los parámetros de crecimiento de la ecuación de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy (ECVB) fueron: L∞ = 13.65 cm, k = 0.54 año-1 y t0 = - 0.37 años; mientras que para E. gula fueron: L∞ = 12.60 cm, k = 0.68 año-1 y t0 = - 0.28 años. La mortalidad natural en E. gula fue 1.50 año-1 y en E. argenteus fue 1.9 año-1. Este estudio presenta la primera estimación para ambas especies de los modelos de crecimiento, el índice del desempeño de crecimiento y la mortalidad natural para la península de Yucatán, lo que es relevante para la adecuada implementación de medidas de conservación de E. gula y E. argenteus en una valiosa zona costera de la península de Yucatán.
Los principios procesales del trabajo:
Authors: Goyes Moreno Isabel , Hidalgo Oviedo Mónica 
Published: November 2018

El proceso del trabajo suele asociarse con determinadas y excluyentes jurisdicciones. El servicio público, el juicio disciplinario y el trabajo particular tienen procedimientos específicos que deben incluirse en un concepto amplio del manejo del conflicto en materia laboral. La tesis del presente texto es articular dichos estancos en torno a principios que los rijan indistintamente, pues a pesar de las tensiones entre precedentes de una y otra Corte, el trabajo independiente o subordinado, público o privado, requiere soluciones uniformes, que recurran a desarrollos jurisprudenciales de obligatoria observancia por mandato constitucional y legal. Dada su importancia procesal, se explora el principio de buena fe, donde resultan evidentes la armonía y desarmonías entre Corte Constitucional, Consejo de Estado y Corte Suprema de Justicia.
Kızartma Prosesinin Atık Bitkisel Yağlardan Elde Edilen Biyodizel YAME Ürünü Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: Doğan Tuba Hatice 
Published: November 2018

Biyodizel genellikle
yüksek saflıkta yağlar kullanılarak, alkali katalizörlü transesterifikasyon
reaksiyonu ile üretilir. Ancak hammadde olarak yemeklik bitkisel yağların
kullanımı, biyodizelin en önemli dezavantajlarından biri olan maliyetini
arttırır. Her yıl tüm dünyada çok miktarda atık kızartma yağı oluşmaktadır. Bu
yağlardan biyodizel üretilmesiyle, hem yakıt maliyetinin düşürülmesine yardımcı
olunacak hem de çevreye ve ekonomiye önemli katkılar sağlanmış olunacaktır.
Bitkisel yağların kızartma prosesi sırasında maruz kaldıkları pişirme şartları,
yağda bir takım değişikliklere sebep olmaktadır. Yağdaki değişiklikler
bunlardan üretilen biyodizelin de bazı özelliklerini etkilemektedir. Bu
çalışmada, tuz oranı, su oranı, kızartma sıcaklığı ve kızartma süresi gibi
farklı kızartma şartlarına maruz bırakılan ve atık hale getirilen üç farklı
bitkisel yağdan biyodizel üretilmiştir. Bitkisel yağların kızartma şartlarının
üretilen biyodizelin yağ asiti metil ester (YAME) ürününü nasıl etkilediği
incelenmiştir. Biyodizel örneklerinin yağ asiti metil ester içerikleri gaz
kromatografisi ile ölçülmüştür. Sonuç
olarak, tüm bitkisel yağların tuz oranı, su oranı, kızartma sıcaklığı ve
kızartma süresi arttıkça üretilen biyodizel örneklerinin ürün miktarının
azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, kızartma prosesinin en fazla mısırözü
yağını ve buna bağlı olarak mısırözü biyodizelini olumsuz yönde etkilediği de
görülmüştür.
Toxoplasmosis congénita en el valle de México. Resultados de una serie de casos
Authors: Gómez Toscano Valeria , Linares López Karen Alejandra , Arce Estrada Gabriel Emmanuel , Figueroa Damián Ricardo , Barrios Bautista Diana Miriam , Hernández Luengas Liliana , Bonilla Ríos Christian Alejandro , Tecuátl Herrada Blanca Luz , Luna Pastén Héctor , Macías Parra Mercedes , Cañedo Solares Irma , Saltigeral Simente Patricia , Ortiz Alegría Luz Belinda , Bosch Canto Vanesa , Rico Torres Claudia Patricia , Ordaz Favila Juan Carlos , Vargas Villavicencio José Antonio , López Candiani Carlos , Xicoténcatl García Lizbeth , Hernández Antúnez Blanca Gloria , Ruiz García Matilde , Escobedo Torres Mónica Patricia , Rivera González Iván Rolando , González González Luis Oscar , Mora González Juan Carlos , Paredes-Alonzo Iris Evelin , Flores Lechuga Ana María , Hernández Delgado Lorena , Correa Dolores 
Published: November 2018

ANTECEDENTES: En México prevalecen cepas “virulentas” de Toxoplasma gondii, por lo que el cuadro clínico puede ser diferente a los reportados para regiones donde circulan cepas no virulentas, como Europa, Estados Unidos y Canadá.MÉTODOS: Se reporta una serie de casos con toxoplasmosis congénita reclutados a partir de 2005 por tamiz prenatal o postnatal, o porque llegaron como casos clínicos al INP, y que conforman parte de una serie de casos.RESULTADOS: Todos los pacientes presentaron manifestaciones clínicas, pero el grupo de tamiz prenatal presentó una infección más localizada y menos grave, principalmente con espasticidad y retraso psicomotor leve. El grupo de tamiz postnatal presentó características clínicas intermedias, con retraso psicomotor leve, moderado o grave, bajo peso al nacimiento, micro o hidrocefalia, ictericia, hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia, calcificaciones intracraneales y espasticidad. Los pacientes más afectados fueron aquellos que se presentaron como casos clínicos, con una amplia variedad de manifestaciones clínicas y el peor pronóstico, incluida la muerte. Seis pacientes presentaron comorbilidades. Veinte casos fueron positivos para dos o más pruebas de laboratorio; el resto sólo para una.CONCLUSIONES. Nuestros resultados apoyan que la toxoplasmosis congénita en México es más grave que en otros países, y que urge implementar tamiz prenatal efectivo, para prevención y profilaxis.PALABRAS CLAVE: complejidad diagnóstica; evaluación prenatal; heterogeneidad clínica; tamiz postnatal; tamiz prenatal; toxoplasmosis congénita; Toxoplasma gondii
Short-term results after minimally invasive and open liver resection for liver metastases of colorectal cancer: a single center experience
Authors: Efanov M. G. , Alikhanov R. B. , Tsvirkun V. V. , Kazakov I. V. , Kim P. P. , Vankovich А. N. , Grendal K. D. , Zamanov Е. N. 
Published: November 2018

Rationale: Until now, safety of minimally invasive liver resection (MILR) has not been studied sufficiently.Aim: To assess immediate results of MILR and open type resections in patients with colorectal metastases, performed in the Russian center of surgical hepatology specialized at implementation of minimally invasive techniques.Materials and мethods: This was a retrospective observational case-control study. Patients who underwent surgery for isolated liver metastases of colorectal cancer in a single center from October 2013 to February 2018 were included into the study.Results: As per December 2017, over 500 resections have been performed in the study center, including 226 MILR. One hundred two patients underwent open resection and MILR for colorectal metastases. From 83 patients enrolled into the study, 51 (61%) had MILR, including 7 robotic MILR. The open resection and MILR groups did not differ in terms of gender, age, ASA score, primary tumors location and stage by the time of primary intervention. There were no between-group differences for factors that determine the tumor spread and influence the resection problems, i.e. the difficulty index of MILR, rate of anatomic resection, resection of complex segments, vascular involvement, size and number of metastases, multiple liver lesions and bilobar metastases. No difference was found for immediate outcomes in terms of frequency of the free surgical margin > 2 mm, rate of the Pringle maneuver implementation, duration of the procedure, blood components transfusion, severe complications (Clavien-Dindo Grade > II), and time in intensive care unit. Compared to open procedures, MILR were associated with significantly less blood loss: 583 (50–3000) mL vs. 308 (0–3300) mL (p = 0.012), respectively, and shorter duration of hospital stay: 10 (4–29) days vs. 9 (4–29) days (р < 0.001), respectively.Conclusion: In a specialized surgical hepatology center, MILR can be performed equally to complex open procedures without changes in the rates and types of complications, but with an improvement of immediate outcomes.
Trends in Trust in the Sources of Health Information on E-Cigarettes Among US Adults, 2015–2017
Authors: Owusu Daniel , Weaver Scott R. , Yang Bo , Ashley David L. , Popova Lucy 
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To evaluate recent levels and trends in trust in sources of health information on e-cigarettes in the United States. Methods. We obtained data from nationally representative samples of adults in 2015 (n = 5389), 2016 (n = 5273), and 2017 (n = 5389) that reported trust in 13 sources of health information on e-cigarettes in the United States. We used weighted linear regression models to examine temporal trends in trust levels. Results. Doctors, health organizations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), health experts and scientists, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and family and friends were trusted, whereas news media, e-cigarette users, social media, vape shop employees, and e-cigarette and cigarette companies were distrusted. From 2015 to 2017, trust significantly increased for CDC, FDA, health experts and scientists, and news media (Ps < .01). Trust also increased for NIH between 2016 and 2017 (P < .01). Conclusions. US adults trust public health sources and distrust entities with commercial interest in e-cigarettes. This suggests that evidence-based messaging and information on health effects of e-cigarettes from public health professionals can effectively counter e-cigarette promotion and improve public understanding about e-cigarettes.