bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo optical imaging of cancer cell function and tumor microenvironment
Authors: Imamura Takeshi , Saitou Takashi , Kawakami Ryosuke 
Published: February 2018

In vivo optical imaging using fluorescence and bioluminescence is superior to other methods in terms of spatiotemporal resolution and specificity, and represents a new technology for comprehensively studying living organisms in a less invasive way. Nowadays, it is an indispensable technology for studying many aspects of cancer biology, including dynamic invasion and metastasis. In observations of fluorescence or bioluminescence signals in a living body, various problems were caused by optical characteristics such as absorption and scattering and, therefore, observation of deep tissue was difficult. Recent developments in techniques for observation of the deep tissues of living animals overcame this difficulty by improving bioluminescent proteins, fluorescent proteins, and fluorescent dyes, as well as detection technologies such as two‐photon excitation microscopy. In the present review, we introduce these technological developments and in vivo application of bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging, and discuss future perspectives on the use of in vivo optical imaging technology in cancer research.
Forty years of referrals and outcomes to a UK Child Development Centre (CDC): Has demand plateaued?
Authors: Williams A. N. , Mold B. , Kilbey L. , Naganna P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsTo explore 40 years of Child Development Centre (CDC) activity and outcomes at Northampton General Hospital 1974–2014.MethodsThe study comprises 3 data sets: a published report from 1974 to 1999, an internal audit from 2001 to 2004, and more recent data collected from 2005 to 2014. The medical notes of all children who were assessed by the CDC in 2014 were reviewed, along with referral data collected by the CDC manager from this year and the preceding 10 years.ResultsFrom January 1, 1974 to December 31, 2014, 3,786 children were assessed. The male to female ratio is 2.8:1 from 2005 to 2014. Referrals for behavioural difficulties increased from 10% (10/100 referrals) in 1999–2004 to 17.8% (18/101 referrals) in 2014. Similarly, referrals for social and communication problems, “interaction” increased two and a half fold from 10% (10/100 referrals) in 1999–2004 to 26.7% (27/101 referrals) in 2014. Between 2004 and 2014, numbers of referrals for “developmental delay” halved (22.2% to 12%).ConclusionWe are aware of no other comparable extant UK CDC database. Services should plan for a referral rate of 6.5 per 1,000 preschool children. Between 1974 and 2014, there has clearly been a change in recorded assessment outcomes. From the mid‐1980s, this reflects the change to a preschool assessment role and a shift away from purely educational outcome to include medical conditions.Covering 1974–2014, we demonstrate a clear increase in the number of referrals together with an increasing demand for assessments for social interaction and behavioural difficulties. This reflects the increased awareness of these neurodevelopmental difficulties and the changing diagnostic criteria which will now more likely result in an Autistic Spectrum Disorder diagnosis than previously. Together, these two features are most likely to have considerable implications for service development within Child Development Centres (CDCs) and Child Development Teams (CDTs).
Factors associated with delayed infant immunization in a nationally representative cohort study
Authors: Homel J. , Edwards B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundMany children in developed countries do not receive recommended vaccines on time. However, knowledge about factors related to timeliness remains limited. Quantifying the relative impact of parental attitudes compared with socio‐demographic factors for delayed immunization would inform policy responses.MethodsParticipants in the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were matched with their vaccination histories in the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (N = 4,121). Information about the children and their families were collected in face‐to‐face interviews in 2003–2004. We considered whether children had completed the primary course for each recommended antigen due by 6 months old. Children were categorized as either fully immunized, delayed, or totally non‐immunized. The outcome was examined using logistic regression. Population attributable fractions were estimated for key predictors.ResultsDelayed immunization was significantly associated with indicators of social disadvantage as well as parental disagreement with immunization. Attributable fractions for delayed immunization included lone motherhood (3.8%; 95% confidence interval CI [0.8, 6.7]), larger family size (39.5%; 95% CI [31.2, 46.8]), residential mobility (3.3%; 95% CI [0.1, 6.5]), lack of private hospital insurance (9.4%; 95% CI [0.7, 17.3]), a medical condition in the child (2.0%; 95% CI [0.2, 3.9]), and parental disagreement with immunization (2.1%; 95% CI [0.3, 3.9]).ConclusionsParental attitudes accounted for a relatively small percentage of delayed infant immunization. In contrast, many children who did not receive vaccines on time were characterized by social disadvantage, especially larger family size. Researchers and policy‐makers should consider how to make timely immunization easier for busy parents.
Investigating societal determinants of oral health—Opportunities and challenges in multilevel studies
Authors: Singh Ankur , Harford Jane , Peres Marco A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe high prevalence of oral diseases and the persistent nature of socioeconomic inequalities in oral health outcomes across societies presents a significant challenge for public health globally. A debate exists in epidemiology on the merits of investigating population variations in health and its determinants over studying individual health and its individual risk factors. The choice of analytical unit for health outcomes at the population level has policy implications and consequences for the causal understanding of population‐level variations in health/disease. There is a lack of discussion in oral epidemiology on the relevance of studying population variations in oral health. Evidence on the role of societal factors in shaping variations in oral health at both the individual level and the population level is also mounting. Multilevel studies are increasingly applied in social epidemiology to address hypotheses generated at different levels of social organization, but the opportunities offered by multilevel approaches are less applied for studying determinants of oral health at the societal level. Multilevel studies are complex as they aim to examine hypotheses generated at multiple levels of social organization and require attention to a range of theoretical and methodological aspects from the stage of design to analysis and interpretation. This discussion study aimed to highlight the value in studying population variations in oral health. It discusses the opportunities provided by multilevel approaches to study societal determinants of oral health. Finally, it reviews the key methodological aspects related to operationalizing multilevel studies of societal determinants of oral health.
Heterozygous aggrecan variants are associated with short stature and brachydactyly: Description of 16 probands and a review of the literature
Authors: Sentchordi‐Montané Lucía , Aza‐Carmona Miriam , Benito‐Sanz Sara , Barreda‐ Bonis Ana C. , Sánchez‐Garre Consuelo , Prieto‐Matos Pablo , Ruiz‐Ocaña Pablo , Lechuga‐Sancho Alfonso , Carcavilla‐Urquí Atilano , Mulero‐Collantes Inés , Martos‐Moreno Gabriel A. , del Pozo Angela , Vallespín Elena , Offiah Amaka , Parrón‐Pajares Manuel , Dinis Isabel , Sousa Sergio B. , Ros‐Pérez Purificación , González‐Casado Isabel , Heath Karen E. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryObjectiveMutations in the aggrecan gene (ACAN) have been identified in two autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasias, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Kimberley type (SEDK), and osteochondritis dissecans, as well as in a severe recessive dysplasia, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, aggrecan type. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has aided the identification of heterozygous ACAN mutations in individuals with short stature, minor skeletal defects and mild facial dysmorphisms, some of whom have advanced bone age (BA), poor pubertal spurt and early growth cessation as well as precocious osteoarthritis.Design and methodsThis study involves clinical and genetic characterization of 16 probands with heterozygous ACAN variants, 14 with short stature and mild skeletal defects (group 1) and two with SEDK (group 2). Subsequently, we reviewed the literature to determine the frequency of the different clinical characteristics in ACAN‐positive individuals.ResultsA total of 16 ACAN variants were located throughout the gene, six pathogenic mutations and 10 variants of unknown significance (VUS). Interestingly, brachydactyly was observed in all probands. Probands from group 1 with a pathogenic mutation tended to be shorter, and 60% had an advanced BA compared to 0% in those with a VUS. A higher incidence of coxa valga was observed in individuals with a VUS (37% vs 0%). Nevertheless, other features were present at similar frequencies.ConclusionsACAN should be considered as a candidate gene in patients with short stature and minor skeletal defects, particularly those with brachydactyly, and in patients with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. It is also important to note that advanced BA and osteoarticular complications are not obligatory conditions for aggrecanopathies/aggrecan‐associated dysplasias.
Impact of hand eczema on quality of life: metropolitan versus non‐metropolitan areas
Authors: Nørreslet Line B. , Agner Tove , Sørensen Jennifer A. , Ebbehøj Niels E. , Bonde Jens P. , Fisker Maja H. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundAn inverse relationship between disease severity and health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) in patients with hand eczema is well established, but modifying effects of demographic variables have been less well studied.ObjectiveTo identify the influence of metropolitan versus non‐metropolitan residence on the relationship between disease severity and HR‐QoL in patients with occupational hand eczema.MethodsThe city of Copenhagen and the rest of Zealand were defined as metropolitan and non‐metropolitan areas, respectively. Participants were 773 persons with occupational hand eczema. A questionnaire on the severity of hand eczema and HR‐QoL was sent to all participants.ResultsThe odds for reporting moderate to high severity of occupational hand eczema were significantly lower in the metropolitan population than in the non‐metropolitan population [odds ratio (OR): 0.42; 95%CI: 0.23–0.75], whereas low dermatology‐related quality of life was more prevalent in metropolitan than in non‐metropolitan patients (OR: 1.31; 95%CI: 0.83–2.05), indicating that hand eczema had a more pronounced negative effect in metropolitan patients, in spite of less severe eczema.ConclusionOur data indicate that area of residence has a modifying effect on the relationship between disease severity and HR‐QoL, with a more negative impact on HR‐QoL in metropolitan than in non‐metropolitan areas. This information is important with respect to fully appreciating the burden of occupational hand eczema.
The psychosocial burden of hand eczema: Data from a European dermatological multicentre study
Authors: Marron Servando E. , Tomas‐Aragones Lucia , Navarro‐Lopez Jorge , Gieler Uwe , Kupfer Jörg , Dalgard Florence J. , Lien Lars , Finlay Andrew Y. , Poot Françoise , Linder Dennis , Szepietowski Jacek C. , Misery Laurent , Jemec Gregor B. E. , Romanov Dmitry , Sampogna Francesca , Szabo Csanad , Altunay Ilknur K. , Spillekom‐van Koulil Saskia , Balieva Flora , Ali Faraz M. , Halvorsen Jon A. , Marijuan Pedro C. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThe essential physical role, visibility and social importance of the hands place a major psychological burden on patients with hand eczema.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the psychological, social and clinical characteristics of patients with hand eczema, in particular the prevalences of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and comorbidities.Materials and methodsData on patients with hand eczema were analysed from a large European multicentre study conducted with dermatology outpatients from 13 countries. Groups of patients and controls were compared to analyse the psychological burden of hand eczema.ResultsFemale patients with hand eczema had higher Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores for anxiety (n = 86, median = 7.0) than controls (n = 900, median = 5.0, P = .02), and for depression (median = 4.0) than controls (3.0, P < .001). Patients with high suicidal ideation, with low socioeconomic status and who were widowed or divorced were more likely to fulfil the HADS criteria for anxiety [odds ratio (OR) > 1, P = .038, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively]. The median Dermatology Life Quality Index score was 7.0 (n = 68).DiscussionThis study identifies a specific psychological burden experienced by hand eczema patients, highlighting the need for focused psychosocial interventions. Physicians in particular should be aware of the need to identify anxiety and depression in female patients.
Policy‐relevant behaviours predict heavier drinking and mediate the relationship with age, gender and education status: Analysis from the International Alcohol Control Study
Authors: Casswell Sally , Huckle Taisia , Wall Martin , Parker Karl , Chaiyasong Surasak , Parry Charles D. H. , Viet Cuong Pham , Gray‐Phillip Gaile , Piazza Marina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTo investigate behaviours related to four alcohol policy variables (policy‐relevant behaviours) and demographic variables in relation to typical quantities of alcohol consumed on‐premise in six International Alcohol Control study countries.Design and MethodsGeneral population surveys with drinkers using a comparable survey instrument and data analysed using path analysis in an overall model and for each country. Measures: typical quantities per occasion consumed on‐premise; gender, age; years of education, prices paid, time of purchase, time to access alcohol and liking for alcohol advertisements.ResultsIn the overall model younger people, males and those with fewer years of education consumed larger typical quantities. Overall lower prices paid, later time of purchase and liking for alcohol ads predicted consuming larger typical quantities; this was found in the high‐income countries, less consistently in the high‐middle‐income countries and not in the low middle‐income country. Three policy‐relevant behaviours (prices paid, time of purchase, liking for alcohol ads) mediated the relationships between age, gender, education and consumption in high‐income countries.Discussion and ConclusionsInternational Alcohol Control survey data showed a relationship between policy‐relevant behaviours and typical quantities consumed and support the likely effect of policy change (trading hours, price and restrictions on marketing) on heavier drinking. The path analysis also revealed policy‐relevant behaviours were significant mediating variables between the effect of age, gender and educational status on consumption. However, this relationship is clearest in high‐income countries. Further research is required to understand better how circumstances in low‐middle‐income countries impact effects of policies.
Prediction of postoperative atrial fibrillation with left atrial mechanical functions and NT‐pro ANP levels after coronary artery bypass surgery: A three‐dimensional echocardiography study
Authors: Hidayet Şiho , Yağmur Julide , Bayramoğlu Adil , Taşolar M. Hakan , Kurtoğlu Ertuğrul , Özyalın Fatma 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivePostoperative AF (POAF) is the most common cause of morbidity after coronary artery bypass surgery. In this study, we aimed to show the relationship between POAF and N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro ANP) levels and the relationship between mechanical functions and left atrial volume measured using preoperative three‐dimensional echocardiography (3D ECHO) among patients that will undergo isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in elective conditions.MethodSixty‐six consecutive patients (51 male, 15 female) who were decided to undergo CABG and had normal sinus rhythm were involved in the study. Patients were followed by continuous electrocardiography monitoring and daily electrocardiogram. LA volume and mechanical functions were calculated with 3D ECHO. In addition, for the analysis of plasma levels of NT‐pro ANP, blood samples were collected before the surgery.ResultsDuring follow‐up after the operation, 15 patients (22.7%) had postoperative atrial fibrillation. LA Vmax, Vmin, VpreA values were higher (P < .001, P = .004, P < .001 respectively) Also in POAF‐developed group and SR group, LAVI values were 27.56 ± 4.2 and 20.7 ± 4.64 mL/m2, respectively (P < .001). In POAF‐developing group, NT‐pro ANP levels were significantly higher (P < .001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, age (β = 0.355, P = .007) and LAVI (β = 0.668, P = .012) are independent predictors of POAF.ConclusionIt was found that 3D echocardiography can be used as a helping noninvasive method to show subclinical atrial volume and mechanical dysfunction in patients undergoing CABG. Also, blood levels of NT‐pro ANP in POAF group were increased.
Pathophysiology of axial spondyloarthritis: Consensus and controversies
Authors: de Koning Anoek , Schoones Jan W. , van der Heijde Desiree , van Gaalen Floris A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundAxial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a common inflammatory arthritis of the sacroiliac joints and the spine. The best‐known and most studied form of axSpA is ankylosing spondylitis.DesignIn this review, we provide a brief overview of the pathophysiology of axSpA. In addition, we performed a quantitative text analysis of reviews on the pathogenesis of axSpA published in the last 10 years to establish the current consensus in various fields of research into the pathogenesis of axSpA.ResultsThere appears to be broad consensus on genetic risk factors and the involvement of the immune system in the initiation phase of the disease although little consensus was found on which specific immune cells drive disease. Moreover, despite relatively little data available, alterations in the microbiome are commonly thought to be involved in disease. Abnormal bone formation is the most prominent pathogenic factor thought to be involved in disease progression.ConclusionSo, although the pathophysiology of axSpA remains incompletely understood, the progress in recent years in several fields of research in axSpA including genetics, diagnosis, imaging and therapeutics, hold great promise for the future.
Endogenous factors and mechanisms of renoprotection and renal repair
Authors: Perco Paul , Mayer Gert 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundAn imbalance between renal damaging molecules and nephroprotective factors contributes to the development and progression of kidney diseases. Molecules with renoprotective properties might serve as biomarkers, drug targets as well as therapeutic options themselves.Materials and methodsFor this review, we generated a set of renoprotective factors based on GeneRIF (Gene Reference Into Function) information available at NCBI's PubMed. The final set of manually curated renoprotective factors was investigated with respect to tissue‐specific expression, subcellular location distribution and involvement in biological processes using information from gene ontology as well as information from protein‐protein interaction databases. We furthermore investigated the factors in the context of clinical trials of renal disease and diabetes.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐three factors could be retrieved from the set of GeneRIFs on nephroprotection and renal repair. A large number of factors were either secretory molecules or plasma membrane receptors. Next to the elevated expression in renal tissue, also higher expression in connective tissue and pancreas was observed. The proteins could be assigned to the broad functional categories of cell proliferation and signalling, inflammatory response, apoptosis, blood pressure regulation as well as cellular response to different kinds of insults such as hypoxia, heat or mechanical stimulus. Eight factors are studied in clinical trials with additional ones being targeted by compounds.ConclusionsWe have generated a set of renoprotective factors based on the literature information, which was functionally annotated and evaluated with respect to tested compounds in kidney disease and diabetes clinical trials.
Development of heart failure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A Danish population‐based study
Authors: Løgstrup Brian B. , Ellingsen Torkell , Pedersen Alma B. , Kjærsgaard Anders , Bøtker Hans‐Erik , Maeng Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the incidence of heart failure (HF) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in different time spans following incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and, furthermore, to investigate the impact of IHD on the development of HF and the impact of different treatment era of RA.Materials and methodsThis matched cohort study used nationwide, prospectively collected data. From the total Danish population of approximately 5.7 million inhabitants, we identified 51 859 patients (between 1995 and July 2016) with incident RA and a sex‐ and age‐matched cohort from the general population (256 653 persons).ResultsThe hazard ratio (HR) for HF among RA patients compared with persons from comparison cohort was 2.28 within the first year of index date, 1.39 within the 1‐5 years of index date and 1.38 within the 5‐10 years of index date. No difference was identified regarding different treatment era of RA. For IHD, the subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) was 1.93 within the first year of index date, 1.26 within the 1‐5 years of index date and 1.31 within the 5‐10 years of index date. Coronary revascularization was also more common within the first year after diagnosis of RA. An increased risk of percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting within 10 years following the RA diagnosis was observed. HR for new onset of HF in RA without IHD was 1.23, while the HR for new onset of HF in patients with RA and IHD was 2.06.ConclusionsRheumatoid arthritis patients had higher rates of HF and IHD throughout the entire observation period compared to the comparison cohort. RA was associated with a larger risk of developing HF.