bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Synthesis of Eutectic NiSe/Ni3Se2 Self‐Supported on Ni Foam: An Excellent Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Pei Yu , Ge Yuancai , Chu Hang , Craig Steven , Dong Pei , Cao Jun , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHere, the controlled synthesis of eutectic NiSe/Ni3Se2 directly supported on Ni foam (NiSe/Ni3Se2/NF) is reported through a facile one‐pot hydrothermal method for the first time. The effects of reaction parameters on morphologies and corresponding electrochemical performances of NiSe/Ni3Se2/NF are investigated in detail. As a newfangled three‐dimensional bifunctional electrocatalyst, the electrocatalyst synthesized at 180 °C with 12 hours reaction time (denoted as NiSe/Ni3Se2/NF‐12) demonstrates the most regular morphology and best electrochemical properties. Benefiting from the synergistic effects between NiSe and Ni3Se2, and the large surface area of the highly conductive Ni foam, the novel 3D hybrid electrode provides predominant electrocatalytic performances towards both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. In addition, when used for full water splitting, NiSe/Ni3Se2/NF‐12 can drive a 10 mA cm‐2 current density at ≈1.6V in 1 m KOH, which is competitive to the best electrocatalysts to our knowledge, with robust durability. Theoretical calculations confirm that the significant activity of the obtained material due to the unique 3D nanosheet architecture and interface reconstruction between NiSe and Ni3Se2 through NiSe bonding, which results in the re‐distribution of charge and thus reduces the energy barrier of hydrogen desorption during the water decomposition.
Defect‐Induced Gas Adsorption on Graphene Transistors
Authors: Liu Yumeng , Liu Huiliang , Chu Yao , Cui Yong , Hayasaka Takeshi , Dasaka Vaishno , Nguyen Luu , Lin Liwei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the influences of defect states on gas adsorption on graphene is at the heart of developing graphene based gas sensors for practical applications. However, it has been challenging to experimentally discriminate the gas adsorptions induced by the defects on graphene, especially the charged impurities commonly found on the transferred graphene samples. Here, using a graphene transistor biased with the quasistatic gate voltage, this study experimentally measures the charge density and the scattering strength of the gas adsorbents on graphene and directly resolves the defect‐induced versus intrinsic gas adsorption processes on graphene for the first time. Furthermore, the elimination and the tuning of the defect‐induced gas adsorptions on graphene are also demonstrated via the chemical compensation process and the gate voltage technique, respectively. These findings provide critical experimental proofs and a versatile platform for understanding and manipulating the defect‐gas interactions on graphene, and could advance the developments of defect‐free and label‐free gas sensing applications using graphene transistors.
Control of Gold Nanoparticle–Protein Aggregates in Albumen Matrix for Configurable Switching Devices
Authors: Kim Sung‐Jo , Hwang Bohee , Lee Jang‐Sik 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProtein–nanoparticle (P–NP) interactions are of great importance in the biomedical applications, and are extensively studied for biotechnology and biomedicine applications, for example, cancer therapy, drug delivery, as well as biosafety area. Here, it is shown that P–NP interactions can have applications as resistive memory. It is demonstrated that the nature of resistive switching changes from programmable memory to read‐only memory when the NPs aggregate in the protein. The memory properties can be tuned by just changing the degree of agglomeration in P–NP solutions, so it has great potential to be used in configurable memory devices. This type of memory is also biocompatible, because it uses natural protein.
2.7 µm Mid‐Infrared Emission in Highly Erbium‐Doped Lanthanum Gallate Glasses Prepared Via an Aerodynamic Levitation Technique
Authors: Yoshimoto Kohei , Ezura Yoshinobu , Ueda Motoi , Masuno Atsunobu , Inoue Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHighly Er3+‐doped La2O3–Ga2O3 glasses up to ≈5.85 × 1021 cm−3 in Er3+ concentration are synthesized by an aerodynamic levitation technique. The glasses are characterized by high glass‐transition temperatures, low OH− absorptions, and long infrared cut‐off wavelengths. Judd–Ofelt analysis reveals a large radiative transition rate and a high branching ratio of the 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 transition, e.g., 46 s−1 and 21%, respectively, at 10 mol% Er2O3. The intensity of 2.7 µm emission drastically increases with increasing Er2O3 content and reaches a maximum at 10 mol% Er2O3. By contrast, the intensity of the 1.5 µm emission decreases with increasing Er2O3 content when the Er2O3 content is greater than 1 mol%. The emission cross‐section and the gain bandwidth at 2.7 µm are as large as 9.05 × 10−21 cm2 and 9.19 × 10−26 cm3 at 10 mol% Er2O3, respectively. The upconversion spectra also indicate that the investigated glasses exhibit small multiphonon relaxation rates and large quenching concentrations.
Recent Progress on the Long‐Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Fu Qingxia , Tang Xianglan , Huang Bin , Hu Ting , Tan Licheng , Chen Lie , Chen Yiwang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAs rapid progress has been achieved in emerging thin film solar cell technology, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have aroused many concerns with several desired properties for photovoltaic applications, including large absorption coefficients, excellent carrier mobility, long charge carrier diffusion lengths, low‐cost, and unbelievable progress. Power conversion efficiencies increased from 3.8% in 2009 up to the current world record of 22.1%. However, poor long‐term stability of PVSCs limits the future commercial application. Here, the degradation mechanisms for unstable perovskite materials and their corresponding solar cells are discussed. The strategies for enhancing the stability of perovskite materials and PVSCs are also summarized. This review is expected to provide helpful insights for further enhancing the stability of perovskite materials and PVSCs in this exciting field.
Antibacterial Hydrogels
Authors: Li Shuqiang , Dong Shujun , Xu Weiguo , Tu Shicheng , Yan Lesan , Zhao Changwen , Ding Jianxun , Chen Xuesi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAntibacterial materials are recognized as important biomaterials due to their effective inhibition of bacterial infections. Hydrogels are 3D polymer networks crosslinked by either physical interactions or covalent bonds. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a main focus in biomedical research. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels are developed, each possessing unique qualities, namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing drugs, and structural diversity. Here, an overview of the structures, performances, mechanisms of action, loading and release behaviors, and applications of various antibacterial hydrogel formulations is provided. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical research and clinical applications are predicted.
Oxygen‐Evolving Mesoporous Organosilica Coated Prussian Blue Nanoplatform for Highly Efficient Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Yang Zhen Lu , Tian Wei , Wang Qing , Zhao Ying , Zhang Yun Lei , Tian Ying , Tang Yu Xia , Wang Shou Ju , Liu Ying , Ni Qian Qian , Lu Guang Ming , Teng Zhao Gang , Zhang Long Jiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOxygen (O2) plays a critical role during photodynamic therapy (PDT), however, hypoxia is quite common in most solid tumors, which limits the PDT efficacy and promotes the tumor aggression. Here, a safe and multifunctional oxygen‐evolving nanoplatform is costructured to overcome this problem. It is composed of a prussian blue (PB) core and chlorin e6 (Ce6) anchored periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) shell (denoted as PB@PMO‐Ce6). In the highly integrated nanoplatform, the PB with catalase‐like activity can catalyze hydrogen peroxide to generate O2, and the Ce6 transform the O2 to generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon laser irradiation for PDT. This PB@PMO‐Ce6 nanoplatform presents well‐defined core–shell structure, uniform diameter (105 ± 12 nm), and high biocompatibility. This study confirms that the PB@PMO‐Ce6 nanoplatform can generate more ROS to enhance PDT than free Ce6 in cellular level (p < 0.001). In vivo, the singlet oxygen sensor green staining, tumor volume of tumor‐bearing mice, and histopathological analysis demonstrate that this oxygen‐evolving nanoplatform can elevate singlet oxygen to effectively inhibit tumor growth without obvious damage to major organs. The preliminary results from this study indicate the potential of biocompatible PB@PMO‐Ce6 nanoplatform to elevate O2 and ROS for improving PDT efficacy.
Bulk‐Like Electrical Properties Induced by Contact‐Limited Charge Transport in Organic Diodes: Revised Space Charge Limited Current
Authors: Xu Guangwei , Gao Nan , Lu Congyan , Wang Wei , Ji Zhuoyu , Bi Chong , Han Zhiheng , Lu Nianduan , Yang Guanhua , Li Yuan , Liu Qi , Li Ling , Liu Ming 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCharge transport governs the operation and performance of organic diodes. Illuminating the charge‐transfer/transport processes across the interfaces and the bulk organic semiconductors is at the focus of intensive investigations. Traditionally, the charge transport properties of organic diodes are usually characterized by probing the current–voltage (I–V) curves of the devices. However, to unveil the landscape of the underlying potential/charge distribution, which essentially determines the I–V characteristics, still represents a major challenge. Here, the electrical potential distribution in planar organic diodes is investigated by using the scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy technique, a method that can clearly separate the contact and bulk regimes of charge transport. Interestingly, by applying to devices based on novel, high mobility organic materials, the space‐charge‐limited‐current‐like I–V curves, which are previously believed to be a result of the bulk transport, are surprisingly but unambiguously demonstrated to be caused by contact‐limited conduction. A model accounting is developed for the transport properties of both the two metal/organic interfaces and the bulk. The results indicate that pure interface‐dominated transport can indeed give rise to I–V curves similar to those caused by bulk transport. These findings provide a new insight into the charge injection and transport processes in organic diodes.
Solution‐Processed Flexible Threshold Switch Devices
Authors: Park Youngjun , Han Un‐Bin , Kim Min‐Kyu , Lee Jang‐Sik 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFlexible threshold switch devices are essential for low‐power and high‐speed semiconductor devices. Especially, bidirectional threshold switch has been regarded as the ideal switching device for ultrahigh‐density crosspoint memory devices. Here, a flexible Pt/Ag‐doped ZnO/Pt switch on the flexible plastic substrate synthesized by electrochemical bottom‐up deposition is introduced. The flexible switch has bidirectional threshold switching behavior with ultralow off‐current, high selectivity (≈107), and super‐steep threshold slope. The bidirectional threshold switching behavior is related to migration of silver ions to form Ag filament. This device shows stable electrical properties, endures constant voltage stress, and retains good reliability under mechanical stress. It is believed that this study would open up new possibilities for high‐density flexible memory devices by introducing flexible novel bidirectional, high‐performance switching devices for emerging flexible electronics.
Die [2+2]‐Cycloadditions‐Retroelektrocyclisierungs(CA‐RE)‐Klick‐Reaktion: ein einfacher Zugang zu molekularen und polymeren Push‐pull‐Chromophoren
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Diederich François 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDie [2+2]‐Cycloadditions‐Retroelektrocyclisierungs(CA‐RE)‐Reaktion von elektronenreichen Alkinen mit elektronenarmen Alkenen ist ein effizientes Verfahren zur Bildung nichtplanarer Donor‐Akzeptor‐Chromophore sowohl in molekularen als auch in polymeren Plattformen. Diese Chromophore zeigen ansprechende Eigenschaften, wie intramolekulare Charge‐Transfer(ICT)‐Banden, nichtlineare optische Eigenschaften und Redox‐Eigenschaften zur Verwendung in elektronischen und optoelektronischen Funktionseinheiten der nächsten Generation. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die Entwicklung der CA‐RE‐Reaktion zusammen, beginnend mit den anfänglichen Berichten über Organometallverbindungen bis hin zu rein organischen Systemen. Die strukturellen Voraussetzungen für schnelle Umsetzungen in hohen Ausbeuten, Merkmale echter Klick‐Chemie, werden anhand von Beispielen dargelegt, die die breiten möglichen Alkin‐ und Alkensubstitutionsmuster belegen. Die CA‐RE‐Klick‐Reaktion wurde erfolgreich in der Polymerchemie eingesetzt. Die gebildeten polymeren Push‐pull‐Chromophore finden dabei zahlreiche interessante Anwendungen.
Discovery of a Fungal Multicopper Oxidase That Catalyzes the Regioselective Coupling of a Tricyclic Naphthopyranone To Produce Atropisomers
Authors: Kawaguchi Mio , Ohshiro Taichi , Toyoda Masayuki , Ohte Satoshi , Inokoshi Junji , Fujii Isao , Tomoda Hiroshi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAtropisomeric dinapinones A1 and A2 (DPA1 and DPA2) were isolated from a culture of Talaromyces pinophilus FKI‐3864. Monapinone coupling enzyme (MCE), which dimerizes naphthopyranone monapinone A (MPA), was purified from a cell‐free extract of T. pinophilus FKI‐3864. MCE regioselectively dimerizes MPA at the 8,8′‐positions to synthesize the atropisomers DPA1 and DPA2 in a ratio of approximately 1:2.5 without a cofactor. The optimal pH value and temperature for MCE were 4.0 and 50 °C, and the apparent Km and Vmax values for MPA were (72.7±23.2) μm and (1.21±0.170) μmol min−1 mg−1 protein. The MCE polypeptide is significantly homologous with multicopper oxidases. Heterologous expression of MCE and functional analysis confirmed that MCE catalyzes the regioselective coupling reaction of MPA to produce DPA. No fungal multicopper oxidase has previously been reported to catalyze regioselective intermolecular oxidative phenol coupling to produce naphthopyranone atropisomers.
The [2+2] Cycloaddition‐Retroelectrocyclization (CA‐RE) Click Reaction: Facile Access to Molecular and Polymeric Push‐Pull Chromophores
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Diederich François 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe [2+2] cycloaddition‐retroelectrocyclization (CA‐RE) reaction between electron‐rich alkynes and electron‐deficient alkenes is an efficient procedure to create nonplanar donor–acceptor (D‐A) chromophores in both molecular and polymeric platforms. They feature attractive properties including intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) bands, nonlinear optical properties, and redox activities for use in next‐generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. This Review summarizes the development of the CA‐RE reaction, starting from the initial reports with organometallic compounds to the extension to purely organic systems. The structural requirements for rapid, high‐yielding transformations with true click chemistry character are illustrated by examples that include the broad alkyne and alkene substitution modes. The CA‐RE click reaction has been successfully applied to polymer synthesis, with the resulting polymeric push‐pull chromophores finding many interesting applications.
Rational Tuning of Fluorobenzene Probes for Cysteine‐Selective Protein Modification
Authors: Embaby Ahmed M. , Schoffelen Sanne , Kofoed Christian , Meldal Morten , Diness Frederik 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFluorobenzene probes for protein profiling through selective cysteine labeling have been developed by rational reactivity tuning. Tuning was achieved by selecting an electron‐withdrawing para substituent in combination with variation of the number of fluorine substituents. Optimized probes chemoselectively arylated cysteine residues in proteins under aqueous conditions. Probes linked to azide, biotin, or a fluorophore were applicable to labeling of eGFP and albumin. Selective inhibition of cysteine proteases was also demonstrated with the probes. Additionally, probes were tuned for site‐selective labeling of cysteine residues and for activity‐based protein profiling in cell lysates.
The Cyclic Hydrogen‐Bonded 6‐Azaindole Trimer and its Prominent Excited‐State Triple‐Proton‐Transfer Reaction
Authors: Tu Ting‐Hsun , Chen Yi‐Ting , Chen Yi‐An , Wei Yu‐Chen , Chen You‐Hua , Chen Chi‐Lin , Shen Jiun‐Yi , Chen Yi‐Han , Ho Ssu‐Yu , Cheng Kum‐Yi , Lee Shern‐Long , Chen Chun‐hsien , Chou Pi‐Tai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe compound 6‐azaindole undergoes self‐assembly by formation of N(1)−H⋅⋅⋅N(6) hydrogen bonds (H bonds), forming a cyclic, triply H‐bonded trimer. The formation phenomenon is visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy. Remarkably, the H‐bonded trimer undergoes excited‐state triple proton transfer (ESTPT), resulting in a proton‐transfer tautomer emission maximized at 435 nm (325 nm of the normal emission) in cyclohexane. Computational approaches affirm the thermodynamically favorable H‐bonded trimer formation and the associated ESTPT reaction. Thus, nearly half a century after Michael Kasha discovered the double H‐bonded dimer of 7‐azaindole and its associated excited‐state double‐proton‐transfer reaction, the triply H‐bonded trimer formation of 6‐azaindole and its ESTPT reaction are demonstrated.
One‐pot synthesis of trifluoromethylated benzimidazolines catalyzed by phosphotungstic acid with a low catalyst loading
Authors: Feng Xue , Yang Tao , He Xing , Yu Bing , Hu Chang‐Wen 
Published: February 2018

The inexpensive Keggin‐type polyoxometalate, i.e. H3PW12O40 was found to be an effect catalyst for the condensation‐cyclization reaction of 1,2‐phenylenediamines and trifluoromethyl ketones to synthesize trifluoromethylated heterocycles, including benzimidazolines, benzoxazolines and benzothiazolines. Only 1 mol% of H3PW12O40 was required in this work, and the synergistic effect of proton and polyanion was vital for the reaction. Significantly, the POM catalyst could be easily recovered by using a biphasic solvent system (H2O/toluene, V/V = 1:5), and reused at least for four times without significant loss in activity.
Quantitative Structural Analysis of Fat Crystal Networks by Means of Raman Confocal Imaging
Authors: Martens Koen J. A. , van Dalen Gerard , Heussen Patricia C. M. , Voda Mihai A. , Nikolaeva Tatiana , van Duynhoven John P. M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe techniques that are currently available to assess fat crystal networks are compromised with respect to invasive sample preparation and ability to quantify compositional and structural features. Raman confocal hyperspectral imaging coupled to analysis with multivariate curve resolution can address these bottlenecks, as it provides label‐free, noninvasive chemical information in three dimensions (3D). We demonstrate the ability to acquire compositional maps of dispersions of micronized fat crystals (MFC) in oil, which contain local concentrations of liquid oil and solid fat with submicron spatial resolution and with acquisition times in the order of 10 min. From the compositional maps, we can derive quantitative information on the size and porosity of fat crystal flocs, as well as the solid fat content of the embedding continuous phase. Furthermore, the fractal dimension of the fat crystal network could be determined from the compositional maps via the box‐counting method and via the porosities of the crystal flocs. This makes it feasible to assess the validity of the weak‐link network theory under industrial relevant conditions. The confocal imaging mode allows for straightforward acquisition of 3D compositional cubes by recording a stack of two‐dimensional (2D) images. The box‐counting fractal dimension analysis performed on 2D maps can be extended to 3D cubes, which allows for straightforward verification that MFC networks are self‐similar rather than self‐affine.
A stochastic techno‐economic analysis of the catalytic hydrothermolysis aviation biofuel technology
Authors: McGarvey Elspeth , Tyner Wallace E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study analyzed the financial feasibility of catalytic hydrothermolysis (CH) aviation biofuel technology. Three feedstocks were assessed: brown grease (rendered from grease trap waste), yellow grease (rendered from used cooking oil), and carinata oil. Since the technology carries risk, a stochastic analysis was conducted, which resulted in a distribution of net present values (NPVs) and breakeven prices. The breakeven price was the price of jet fuel per gallon that made the NPV equal to zero. A scenario where fuel price grew over time and a scenario where fuel price did not grow were both analyzed. Four plant scenarios were analyzed: 1. pioneer brownfield, 2. Nth brownfield, 3. pioneer greenfield, 4. Nth greenfield. Brown grease was the most promising feedstock scenario, in terms of financial feasibility. Breakeven prices in each feedstock scenario were lowest in the brownfield nth plant scenario, and highest in the greenfield pioneer plant scenario. Across the four plant scenarios and two fuel price growth scenarios, mean breakeven prices ranged from $2.02 to $2.83/gal in the brown grease scenario, $2.82 to $3.81/gal in the yellow grease scenario, and $3.90 to $5.66/gal in the carinata oil scenario. With the addition of RINs and LCFS credits, the probability of loss was as low as 0.0%, 18.9%, and 74.6% in the brown grease, yellow grease, and carinata oil scenarios, respectively. However, without RIN or LCFS credits, the process was not found to be financially viable. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Bayesian nonparametric inference for panel count data with an informative observation process
Authors: Liang Ye , Li Yang , Zhang Bin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the panel count data analysis for recurrent events is considered. Such analysis is useful for studying tumor or infection recurrences in both clinical trial and observational studies. A bivariate Gaussian Cox process model is proposed to jointly model the observation process and the recurrent event process. Bayesian nonparametric inference is proposed for simultaneously estimating regression parameters, bivariate frailty effects, and baseline intensity functions. Inference is done through Markov chain Monte Carlo, with fully developed computational techniques. Predictive inference is also discussed under the Bayesian setting. The proposed method is shown to be efficient via simulation studies. A clinical trial dataset on skin cancer patients is analyzed to illustrate the proposed approach.