bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Il Cancro Del Moncone Cervicale (Studio su 125 casi)
Authors: di Re F. , Bianco R. 
Published: April 2018

Out of 4493 cases of cervical carcinomas observed in the Cancer Institute of Milan, 125 involved the residual stump; 42 of them occurred in the first two years following sub-total hysterectomy (coexistent cancers), the other ones later (true cancers). In 4 cases the first symptoms occurred from 35 to 38 years after operation. The total 5-years survival is of the 34.9 per cent, but there is a remarkable difference between coexistent and true carcinomas (5-years survival of the 23.3 and the 41.5 per cent respectively). Parity does not seem to play an important role in the development of carcinoma of the residual stump. After having discussed the doses and technique of radium- and roentgentherapy, the complications (fistulas in the 10 per cent about) and the results of these treatments in the different stages are surveyed. In the 1st stage the therapy of choice would be surgery associated with radium- and roentgentherapy, whereas in the 2nd and 3rd stage radium-roentgentherapy alone can attain good results. Finally, it is advised a larger indication of total histerectomy in those cases unfit for a more conservative operation (myomectomies, defundatio).
I Radionuclidi Nella Terapia e Nella Diagnosi Delle Neoplasie
Authors: Buraggi G. L. 
Published: April 2018

The main techniques presently employed for the therapy and diagnosis of malignant tumours are reported. Mention is given of the employ of the colloidal suspensions in the endocavitary. interstitial and internal therapy, of the radioiodine in the therapy of tumours and their metastases, of the radiophosphorus in the therapy of polycythemia and leukemias. Some methods of external and interstitial beta- and gamma-therapy carried out with P32, Y90, Sr90 + Y90, Au198, Co60, Ta182 are exposed. As concerns diagnosis, mention is given of the I131 (thyroid tumours), of the compounds labeled with radioiodine (brain tumours etc.), of P32 (intraoperatory delineation of endocranial tumours), of K42 (brain and mammary tumours), of Ga66 and Ga72 (primary and metastatic bone tumours) etc Information on the general precautions and on the equipment advisable for the execution of the exposed therapeutical techniques are briefly reported and some tables concerning the necessary precautional measures in the use of the two radionuclides more often employed (Au198 and I131) are presented.
I Tumori Maligni Del Testicolo
Authors: Bergonzini R. , Russo S. , Bassani G. 
Published: April 2018

Data from a series of 90 patients affected with malignant tumours of the testis are reported. Most of them had undergone simple orchiectomy followed by roentgentherapy on the lymphatic way. The statistical survival data may be summarized as follows: of the 90 patients 50 died, 39 are still alive, 1 could not be traced. The followup examination varies from 1 (for 5 patients) to 5–13 years (for 49 subjects). The total average survival is of the 43.3 per cent; as for the 5-years observations, the survival rate for the seminomas without metastases is of 14 out of 16 cases, for the tumours with metastases is of 7 out of 24 cases. As concerns the so-called embryomas, results are really discouraging. From the prognostical point of view, it has been observed that the presence of stroma and the lymphocitary infiltration are favourable elements and that the presence of glycogen may be an indication of slow tumour evolution. In addition, the amount of nucleic acids may indicate a greater or lesser radiosensitivity of the tumour elements, so allowing a prognosis of radiocurability.
Ulteriori Osservazioni Sul Comportamento Radiologico a Distanza Di Tempo Delle Metastasi Pleuro-Polmonari e Scheletriche da Cancro Della Mammella Dopo Ovaro-Surrenectomia Bilaterale
Authors: Bullo E. , Catania V. C. 
Published: April 2018

The roentgenological observation is able to prove the benefits induced by bilateral oophoro-adrenalectomy in patients with metastatic spreading to the respiratory apparatus or to the skeleton. In fact, periodic roentgenological controls show a rapid and steady absorption of the pleural effusion and the disappearance (although less rapid and less frequent) of the lymphangitic processes, of the hilar adenopathies and of the lung metastases. Of particular interest are the bone modifications, occurring at the level of the osteolytic neoplastic foci and. in the other sites of the skeleton; these ought to be studied not only periodically, but also with a systematic criterion. The repairing phenomenas of the osteolytic foci are of various type: gradual reduction of the rarefaction focus with formation of a normal trabecular structure, processes of intense re-calcification with signs of osteosclerosis, evolution towards osteosclerosis followed, in some cases, by the formation of a normal bone structure. The roentgenological findings appear to be very interesting as they show, concomitantly with the regression of osteolytic manifestations, the appearance of new bone pathological changes. Of particular relevance are the pictures of diffuse decalcification unrelated to metastases, which were found in some patients long after the surgical operation: these are supposed to be related, as well as the Cushing syndrome-like habitus, to conditions of hormonal imbalance.
Modificazioni Del Protidoplasma Dopo Trattamento Con Radio-Oro per Neoplasie Genitali
Authors: Samuel S. , Lorenzoni L. 
Published: April 2018

Modifications in total protidemia, electrophoretic tracing, perchloro-soluble mucoproteins, colloidal lability and prothrombinemia have been studied in 10 subjects with genital tumours, three and six days after Au198 introduction (inoculation either into the neoplastic mass or endoperitoneally, in doses ranging between 19 and 108 mC). While the prothrombin level showed, after 3 days, a clear fall which became more manifest after 6 days, the serum level of total proteins, albumins, alpha1 and alpha2-globulins, was found to be increased on the 3d day, especially as concerns alpha2, and to return, towards initial values on the 6th day. Beta- and gamma- globulins remained unmodified, whereas the behaviour of serum lability was somewhat obscure. In the light of the results obtained some hypotheses are advanced.
Investigatin on the Tumor Producing Effect of Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide in ASW/Sn Mice and MRC Rats
Authors: Toth Bela , Toth Terezia 
Published: April 2018

Administration of 0.1% isonicotinic acid hydrazide in drinking water to 9 week old ASW/Sn mice and to 5 week old MRC rats for the remainder of their lifetime resulted in an enhanced incidence of pulmonary tumors in the former species. It rose from 34 to 68% in the females as compared with the controls, while in the males, the treatment did not affect the development of these lesions nor did it increase the incidences of other types of tumors. In rats, the compound was also without any apparent carcinogenic effect. The possible role of this chemical in tumorigenesis is discussed in light of the obtained results.
Radiobiologic and Pathologic Characteristics of the Irradiated Lung and Roentgenographs Aspects
Authors: Guzzon Adalgiso , Milani Franco , Spagnoll Ivo , Danesini Gian Maria , Laffranchi Alberto , Potepan Paolo , Giovannardi Giulia 
Published: April 2018

Aims Experimental radiobiologic factors help to better understand and interpret the development of radiographic alterations in lung tissues due to radiant treatments. In this paper the authors summarize the radiologic factors and technical bases about radiotherapy of the lung. Methods The conventional radiologic iconography has been examined in a large series of patients (n = 2151) with iatrogenic pulmonary lesions determined by various types of antineoplastic radiant treatments at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. Results A radiologic control and a long follow-up is essential to assess the successive phases of postactinic lesions due to « passive » irradiation therapy for any type of non-endothoracic tumor as well as those due to « necessary » lung radiotherapy for endothoracic neoplasms. Conclusions A strict relation has been found between the aspects in conventional radiologic iconography and the corresponding lesions in the irradiated lung.
First Results of a Mammographic Screening Program in Two Municipalities of Massa-Carrara Province (Italy)
Authors: Paci Luigi , Perfetti Paolo , Zappa Marco , Lazzoni Eumene , Giorgi Daniela , Paci Eugenio , del Turco Marco Rosselli 
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background A mammographic screening for breast cancer was started in 1989 in two municipalities of Massa-Carrara province. This paper describes the results of the first two years and evaluates the quality of the program via early indicators. Methods We calculated the attendance rate at first screening, the proportion of women recalled for further examinations (recall rate), the ratio between benign lesions and carcinomas detected by screening, the staging of the screen detected cancers and the ratio between detection rate and expected incidence (P/l ratio). Results Out of 14826 invited women 10407 (70.2 %) attended the first screening; 266 (2.6%) of them were referred for further investigations but only 63 (0.6%) required surgical biopsy. A histological confirmed malignancy was found in 39 women corresponding to a detection rate of 3.7/1000. According to pTNM classification 89.1 % of all cancers were either Tis or in stage T1; and in two third of the cases there was no nodes involvment. Conclusion The results achieved so far, evaluated via early indicators, show a good start of the program.
Immunoendocrine Therapy with Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA): A Randomized Study with or without MPA in Metastatic Renal Cancer Patients during IL-2 Maintenance Treatment after Response or Stable Disease to IL-2 Subcutaneous Therapy
Authors: Lissoni Paolo , Barni Sandro , Tancini Gabriele , Brivio Fernando , Cardellini Paolo , Vaghi Massimo , Fossati Vittorio , Frigerio Franco 
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background It is known that interleukin-2 (IL-2) activated cytotoxic lymphocytes require a cell-cell contact to exert their anticancer action. Therefore, the pronounced fibrosis that generally characterizes the neoplastic mass could counteract the action of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Some preliminary studies have shown that progesterone and its analogs may inhibit fibroblast proliferation. On the basis of such evidence, we have designed a clinical study with or without the progestational agent medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in metastatic renal cancer patients in maintenance therapy with IL-2 following response or stable disease (SD) after two cycles of IL-2 subcutaneous immunotherapy, in an attempt to evaluate the influence of MPA on free-from progression (FPP) period. Methods The study included 30 consecutive patients who were randomized to receive IL-2 alone (3 mllion IU twice/day for 5 days/month subcutaneously) or IL-2 plus low-dose MPA (500 mg orally one day/week) without interruption until disease progression. Results A FPP period longer than 1 year was obtained in 8/14 patients treated with IL-2 plus MPA and in only 3/16 patients treated with IL-2 alone. The difference was statistically significant. On the contrary, no significant difference was seen in the mean number of lymphocytes and eosinophils, which was evaluated monthly. Finally, no hyperglycemic or thromboembolic complications occurred in patients concomitantly treated with MPA. Conclusions This preliminary study would suggest that the concomitant administration of low-dose MPA may prolonge the FFP period in metastatic renal cancer patients under maintenance therapy with IL-2. A longer follow-up will be required to evaluate the influence of MPA on overall survival.
Neoplasms of Unknown Primary Site: A Clinicopathological Study of Autopsied Patients
Authors: Mayordomo José Ignacio , Guerra Juan Manuel , Guijarro Carlos , García-Prats María Dolores , Gómez Antonio , López-Brea Marta , González Rosa , Hergueta Paloma , López-Pino Miguel Angel , Martínez-Tello Francisco , Cortés-Funes Hernán 
Published: April 2018

Background Malignant neoplasms of an unknown primary site (NUPS) remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in clinical practice. With this in mind, we have reviewed all autopsies performed in patients with NUPS in a single institution. Patients and methods By reviewing 1656 autopsies performed on adults in our Institution (1974-1990), 43 cases of NUPS were found. (NUPS was defined as histologically proven malignant tumor for which a primary site could not be found after anamnesis, complete physical examination, chest X-ray and routine chemistries.) Results There were 24 men (56 %) and 19 women. Mean age was 62 years (76 % of patients were aged 40-75). Clinical presentation included general deterioration (73 %), digestive symptoms (58 %), liver enlargement (58 %) abdominal pain (56 %), respiratory symptoms (45 %), ascites (26 %) and node enlargement (16 %). Abnormalities in analysis and image tests were frequent but nonspecific. Median time from admission to death was 42 days (range, 4-135). Pathologic diagnoses at autopsy were: 23 adenocarcinomas (53 %), arising from pancreas (6), biliary tree (6), lung (3), prostate (2), stomach (1), kidney (1) and unknown (4); 3 squamous carcinomas (5 %) (1 renal pelvis, 1 biliary tree, 1 stomach); 5 undifferentiated carcinomas (1 lung, 4 unknown); and 12 miscellaneous tumors (including 3 lymphomas, 3 neuroendocrine tumors, 3 hepatocarcinomas, 2 mesotheliomas and 1 melanoma). There was a tendency towards a metastatic pattern different from that expected from the primary tumor. Image tests were of little usefulness in the search for the primary tumor. Conclusions 1) Adenocarciomas were the most frequent tumor presenting as NUPS, especially from the pancreas and biliary tree. 2) In this series, at least 11 % of patients were amenable to standard systemic therapies (3 lymphomas and 2 prostatic adenocarcinomas) if a correct pathologic diagnosis could have been established when alive. 3) Presenting symptoms and metastatic pattern differed from those expected for the primary neoplasm eventually found. 4) Image tests were often misleading as regards the primary site, although they were useful to quantify the dissemination of the tumor.
Carboplatin and Oral Etoposide in the Treatment of Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer Refractory to Anthracyclines
Authors: Fountzilas George , Skarlos Demosthenis , Theoharis Dimitrios , Giannakakis Theodoros , Stathopoulos George 
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background To determine the efficacy and toxicity of the carboplatin and oral etoposide combination in patients with advanced breast cancer previously treated with anthracyclines. Methods Twenty-seven patients were treated with a maximum of 6 cycles of carboplatin (300 mg/m2) and etoposide (200 mg/m2) every 4 weeks. Prior treatment with an anthracycline was given as adjuvant in 17 patients and as first line treatment for advanced disease in 10 patients. Results Only 12 (44 %) patients completed all 6 cycles of chemotherapy. The median administered dose of carboplatin was 72 mg/m2/week and of etoposide 143 mg/m2/week. Two (7.5 %) complete and 4 (15 %) partial responses were observed. Both complete responses occurred in patients who received only mitoxantrone-containing adjuvant treatment, and lasted for 36 and 92+ weeks. The main toxicities included anemia (56 %), leukopenia (56 %), nausea/vomiting (50 %) and alopecia (79 %). Conclusions The combination of carboplatin and oral etoposide is effective and should probably be considered as an alternative therapeutic option for patients with advanced breast cancer refractory to anthracyclines.
Performance of Fineneedle Aspiration Cytology of the Breast. Clinical Experience in Ravenna (Italy)
Authors: Bucchi Lauro , Schincaglia Patrizia , Melandri Giangiuseppe , Morini Nori , Naldoni Carlo , Serafini Monica , Buzzi Gianfranco 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background Fineneedle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a routine test in the evaluation of breast lesions. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of mammography (MG), physical examination (PE), ultrasonography (US) and FNAC in 1064 histologically confirmed breast lesions (638 malignant, 426 benign) observed consecutively at the Cancer Prevention Center of Ravenna (Italy). Methods The performance of each test and the additional contribution of FNAC were determined. Results FNAC was done in 69.6 % of cancers and 39.7 % of benign lesions (P = 0.00000), the frequency of aspiration being significantly associated with severity at MG, PE, and US. For FNAC, the true positive rate was 95.1 % and the true negative rate 67.4 %. Only one breast cancer case was detected by FNAC alone (additional true positive rate 0.2 %). The positive predictive value of FNAC in the absence of other abnormalities was 5 %. The negative predictive value of a benign report at MG, PE, US and FNAC was 100 %. Conclusions All breast lesions should be evaluated by all available techniques, especially FNAC, and open biopsy should be avoided for those reported as benign at all tests.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancers of Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Patients
Authors: Skasko Elzbieta , Paszko Zygmunt , Bielińska Beata , Kluska Anna 
Published: April 2018

Aims and backround The purpose of our research was to investigate the relations between the levels of epidermal growth factor receptor and estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancers of premenopausal and postmenopausal Polish women. Methods Cell membrane levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), and cytosol (c) estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were determined in 221 specimens of primary breast cancers. ERc and PRc were assayed using the dextran-coated charcoal procedure, and EGF-R were assayed by the radioligand method of specific saturation of the crude membrane fraction with 125I-EGF Results A statistically significant inverse correlation was found in all tumors between the concentrations of EGF-R and ERc, whereas for PRc significance of this correlation was not fully confirmed. ERc concentrations in tumors were positively correlated with age of patients, whereas EGF-R and PRc were not. In all, in premenopausal, and in postmenopausal EGF-R-positive tumors (≥ 10 fmol/mg of membrane protein), mean concentrations of ERc did not differ significantly. These groups of tumors seem to be homogeneous with respect to ERc concentrations. In EGF-R-negative (< 10 fmol/mg of membrane protein) postmenopausal tumors, the mean ERc concentration was significantly higher than in premenopausal tumors, hence these groups of tumors appear to be heterogeneous with regard to ERc con tens: Conclusions The present findings may have significance in differentiation of postmenopausal breast cancer.
Prognostic Value of Early Postoperative Calcitonin Level in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Girelli Maria Elisa , Dotto Silvia , Nacamulli Davide , Piccolo Michele , De Vido Daniele , Russo Tiziana , Bernante Paolo , Pelizzo Maria Rosa , Busnardo Benedetto 
Published: April 2018

Aims Serum calcitonin (CT) assay is commonly used in the diagnosis and follow-up of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The aim of this study was to ascertain whether serum CT levels, measured in the first few days after surgery, could be used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. Methods A group of 33 patients was studied. In all patients the follow-up was more than 20 months. Results Preoperatively basal CT serum levels were high in all patients. Twenty-four hours after surgery CT serum levels dropped to within the normal range in 8 patients and 72 hours after operation in 7 others. In this group 1 patient was at stage I, 11 at stage II and 3 at stage III. Basal and pentagastrin stimulated CT levels continued to be in the normal range in these 15 patients 6 and 12 months after surgery and at the subsequent year by follow-up visits. No clinical or radiological evidence of disease was found during the follow-up in this group. In the other 18 patients CT was reduced but still high 72 hours after surgery; 6 months later basal serum CT levels continued to be elevated or responsive to pentagastrin stimulation. In this group restaging showed tumor relapse in the thyroid bed in 2 patients, cervical lymphadenopathy in 11, and distant metastases (bone, liver) in 3. Conclusions Immediate postoperative CT serum levels seem to be the most useful index to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment and the presence of residual neoplastic tissue.
Radiation Therapy in Epidemic, Aids-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma in Southern Africa
Authors: Stein Moshe , Spencer Dave , Kantor Angelo , Lakier Roy , Lachter Jesse , Ben-Yosef Rami , Bezwoda Werner R. 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) associated Kaposi's Sarcoma (EKS) is widely spread in the Southern African Region. No large studies concerning the role of radiation therapy in the Southern African variant of EKS have been reported to date. Methods Over a 10 year period (1982-1992) 25 patients with EKS (disseminated skin involvement) were treated primarily with radiation therapy at the Johannesburg General Hospital. Radiation fields were individually tailored to the extent of the disease. Total administered doses ranged between 8-12 Gy (single fraction) to 24-30 Gy fractionated over 2-3 weeks. Results Overall response and symptomatic relief rates were 72% and 80%, respectively. Toxicity was mild and manageable. Conclusions Our retrospective analysis supports the use of radiation therapy for the Southern African type of EKS.
Orchiectomy Alone for Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis (NSGCTT): A Minimum Follow-Up Period of 5 Years
Authors: Ondruš D. , Horňak M. 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background Surveillance after orchiectomy alone has gained great popularity in the management of stage I NSGCTT. Preliminary results were enthusiastic, but critical voices have been raised against general use of this option as routine management. In an effort to identify patients at high risk of relapse, there has been a search for adverse prognostic factors of stage I nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors (NSGCTT). The aim of the study was to identify those patients in whom a surveillance policy is less likely to be successful. Methods Eighty patients with stage I NSGCTT were followed for at least 5 years. They were assigned to their respective clinical stage on the basis of physical examination, chest X-ray, CT of the retroperitoneum and post-orchiectomy tumor markers. The criteria for inclusion in clinical stage I were normal results of these examinations. The policy of surveillance consisted of regular follow-up with tumor markers, chest X-ray and CT of the retroperitoneum. Patients who relapsed were treated with cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. In all patients, diagnostic delay, pre-orchiectomy tumor markers, T staging category, size, histopathology and vascular invasion in the primary tumor, and semen analysis were recorded. Results Follow-up revealed that 51 of the 80 patients (63.7%) were free of disease 61-110 months (mean, 83.1) after orchiectomy. Relapse was detected in 29 patients (36.3%) 3-58 months (mean, 13) after orchiectomy. The overall survival rate was 95%. The main risk factors of relapse were: vascular invasion, a major embryonal carcinoma and a minor teratoma component in the primary tumor, and low sperm count before orchiectomy. Conclusions The authors recommend the following risk-adapted treatment procedures: retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with vascular invasion and a major teratoma component, adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with vascular invasion and a major embryonal carcinoma component, and surveillance policy in patients without vascular invasion.