bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulforaphane Suppresses the Growth of Triple-negative Breast Cancer Stem-like Cells In vitro and In vivo
Authors: Castro Nadia P. , Rangel Maria C. , Merchant Anand S. , MacKinnon Gabriel , Cuttitta Frank , Salomon David S. , Kim Young S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the poorest prognosis among all of breast cancer subtypes with no currently available effective therapy. In this study, we hypothesized that sulforaphane, a dietary component abundant in broccoli and its sprouts, can inhibit malignant cell proliferation and tumor sphere formation of cancer stem-like cells (CSC) in TNBC. CSC population was isolated using FACS analysis with the combined stem cell surface markers, CD44+/CD24−/CD49f+. The effect of sulforaphane on a stem-related embryonic oncogene CRIPTO-1/TDGF1 (CR1) was evaluated via ELISA. In vivo, BalbC/nude mice were supplemented with sulforaphane before and after TNBC cell inoculation (daily intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg sulforaphane/kg for 5 and 3 weeks, respectively), and the effects of sulforaphane during mammary tumor initiation and growth were accessed with NanoString gene analysis. We found that sulforaphane can inhibit cell proliferation and mammosphere formation of CSCs in TNBC. Further analysis of gene expression in these TNBC tumor cells revealed that sulforaphane significantly decreases the expression of cancer-specific CR1, CRIPTO-3/TDGF1P3 (CR3, a homologue of CR1), and various stem cell markers including Nanog, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), Wnt3, and Notch4. Our results suggest that sulforaphane may control the malignant proliferation of CSCs in TNBC via Cripto-mediated pathway by either suppressing its expression and/or by inhibiting Cripto/Alk4 protein complex formation. Thus, the use of sulforaphane for chemoprevention of TNBC is plausible and warrants further clinical evaluation.
Tolerance for Emotional Internet Infidelity and Its Correlate with Relationship Flourishing
Authors: Octaviana Bernadette Nathania , Abraham Juneman 
Published: January 2019

Until today, there is still controversy whether emotional Internet infidelity or cheating is something that can be tolerated. Existing views are diverse, influenced by geographical factors, cultural and ideological backgrounds, as well as biological theory. This present study initially suggested that the higher the relationship flourishing, the higher the tolerance for the infidelity. In an era where monogamous relationships are dynamized by the multiplication of relationship modes through online social networks, this study becomes increasingly urgent, i.e. to recommend a variable capable of providing a buffering effect to the deleterious effect of the infidelity. The study used correlational design. As much as 210 participants (55 males, 155 females, Mage=37.89 years old, SDage=10.870 years) were recruited in the Greater Area of Jakarta, Indonesia to fill out the Relationship Flourishing Scale and Internet Infidelity Tolerance-Emotional Infidelity Subscale. This study found that relationship flourishing and emotional Internet infidelity are negatively correlated (Spearman’s Rho=-0.172, p&lt;0.05) and there is a moderating role of sex (coeff.=0.3481, p&lt;0.05). That is, those with higher relationship flourishing would have a higher intolerance, especially among men. Such intolerance could lead to marital dissatisfaction and, at worst, divorce. The results of this study have implications for (1) an evaluation of psychometric dimensions of the Relationship Flourishing Scale, (2) the need of proposing moderating variables to be integrated into the correlational model between relationship flourishing and the infidelity, as well as (3) online applications development in detecting and managing the Internet infidelity.
Digital Control of Three-Phase Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Using FPGA Wavect Tool
Authors: Srikanth Chinmayi , B G Shivaleelavathi 
Published: January 2019

<span>The multi carrier modulation technique is the most employed PWM technique for cascaded multilevel inverter (CMLI) since this control strategy can be easily extended to higher number of levels of output compared to space vector PWM technique. This paper proposes a modified multi carrier PWM technique for three-phase CMLI. The proposed PWM technique has been implemented using MATLAB Xilinx System Generator, which automatically generate code from system model. The hardware implementation of the three-phase CMLI has been carried out to substantiate the working of proposed PWM technique. Novel FPGA Wavect digital controller is used to generate the PWM pulses, which is a real time simulator and controller. This digital controller improves the accuracy of the hardware implementation. Hardware implementation of proposed control strategy for three-phase CMLI with RL load proves that the proposed PWM technique results in improved power output quality with reduced harmonic components.</span>
Carotid Artery Echolucency, Texture Features, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events: The MESA Study
Authors: Mitchell Carol C. , Korcarz Claudia E. , Gepner Adam D. , Nye Rebecca , Young Rebekah L. , Matsuzaki Mika , Post Wendy S. , Kaufman Joel D. , McClelland Robyn L. , Stein James H. 
Published: January 2019

Background

We hypothesized that measures of common carotid artery echolucency and grayscale texture features were associated with cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) risk factors and could predict
CVD
events.

Methods and Results

Using a case‐cohort design, we measured common carotid artery ultrasound images from 1788 participants in Exam 1 of the MESA study (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) to derive 4 grayscale features: grayscale median, entropy, gray level difference statistic‐contrast, and spatial gray level dependence matrices‐angular second moment.
CVD
risk factor associations were determined by linear regression. Cox proportional hazard models with inverse selection probability weighting and adjustments for age, sex, race/ethnicity,
CVD
risk factors, and C‐reactive protein were used to determine if standardized values for grayscale median, entropy, gray level difference statistic‐contrast, and spatial gray level dependence matrices‐angular second moment could predict incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and total
CVD
events over a median 13 years follow‐up. Participants were mean (
SD
) 63.1 (10.3) years of age, 52.6% female, 32.1% white, 27.8% black, 23.3% Hispanic, and 16.8% Chinese. There were 283 coronary heart disease, 120 stroke, and 416
CVD
events. Several associations of grayscale features with
CVD
risk factors were identified. In fully adjusted models, higher gray level difference statistic‐contrast was associated with a lower risk of incident coronary heart disease (hazard ratio 0.82, 95%
CI
0.71–0.94, p
adj
=0.005) and
CVD
events (hazard ratio 0.87, 95%
CI
0.77–0.98, p
adj
=0.018); higher spatial gray level dependence matrices‐angular second moment was associated with a higher risk of
CVD
events (hazard ratio 1.09, 95%
CI
1.00–1.19, p
adj
=0.044).

Conclusions

Gray level difference statistic‐contrast and spatial gray level dependence matrices‐angular second moment predicted
CVD
events independent of risk factors, indicating their potential use as biomarkers to assess future
CVD
risk.
The Abbreviated Vigilance Task and Its Attentional Contributors
Authors: Craig Curtis M. , Klein Martina I. 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To measure contributing attentional processes, particularly that of executive attention, to two iterations of the abbreviated vigilance task. Background: Joel Warm was at the forefront of vigilance research for decades, and resource theory is currently the dominant explanation for the vigilance decrement. The underlying mechanisms contributing to both overall performance and the decrement are only partly understood. Method: Seventy-eight participants answered questionnaires about their attentional skills and stress state, performed the Attention Network Test and two blocks of the 12-min abbreviated vigilance task, with a brief break between the two vigils during which they viewed images intended to affect performance. Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin were measured with functional near-infrared imaging. Results: Expected patterns were observed for both iterations of the abbreviated vigilance task, with performance declining after the first 2 min. Manipulations intended to evaluate whether executive processes contributed to vigilance performance failed to observe an effect. Other factors, particularly orienting and alerting attentional networks, task engagement, and subclinical ADHD symptomology were associated with performance. Significant factors for the first and second vigilance blocks were different. Conclusion: We suggest that (a) cognitive control is not a predominant factor, at least for the abbreviated vigilance task, and (b) attentional mechanisms and stress states affecting performance on the abbreviated vigilance task change over time. Application: Potential applications of this research include the use of breaks for sustained attention tasks involving high sensory load, and implications for the use of the abbreviated vigilance task as a proxy for general vigilance processes.
Perspectives of non-specialists on the potential to serve as ethics committee members
Authors: Kane Chikako , Takechi Kenshi , Chuma Masayuki , Nokihara Hiroshi , Takagai Tomoko , Yanagawa Hiroaki 
Published: January 2019

Objective In Japan, under the new Clinical Trials Act pertaining to investigator-initiated clinical trials that came into effect on 1 April 2018, review boards should review proposed clinical trials while considering written opinions from specialists. Additionally, involvement of non-specialists is mandatory, and attention is being placed on their effective contributions. This study was performed to determine representative key issues with which to promote these contributions. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2018 using a focus group interview of six non-specialists regarding perspectives on clinical research itself and research ethics committees. Results For perspectives on clinical research itself, 33 codes were established and sorted into 2 categories and 6 subcategories relating to ambivalence toward clinical research. For perspectives on research ethics committees, 54 codes were established and sorted into 3 categories and 10 subcategories relating to the theme “knowledge and an environment that promotes non-specialist members’ participation.” One notable result was the willingness of participants to obtain details about a study should they be selected. Conclusions The results suggest that detailed explanation of a particular study would encourage non-specialist members to participate in a clinical research review committee. Education aimed at non-specialist participation should therefore be considered in future studies.
Mechanical and Morphological Characterization of Selected Natural Fibres
Authors: Schledjewski Ralf , Medina Luisa , Schlarb Alois K. 
Published: January 2019

The present work aims to characterize the morphological and mechanical properties of hemp and kenaf fibres. The mechanical properties of natural fibres highly depend on many factors like soil, growth conditions, harvest time or fibre treatment. Since the mechanical properties of the composite are highly conditioned by the characteristics of the fibres, a comprehensive study of the mechanical properties of the fibres is required in order to optimize the composite's properties. The fibres were characterized by single fibre tensile testing. Due to the high standard deviation of the measurements, the tensile strength data were statistically assessed. To describe strength data the Weibull distribution function was used. It has been assumed that the fracture stresses of natural fibres are distributed according to the two-parametric Weibull distribution.
The application of omics techniques to understand the role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Segal Jonathan P. , Mullish Benjamin H. , Quraishi Mohammed Nabil , Acharjee Animesh , Williams Horace R. T. , Iqbal Tariq , Hart Ailsa L. , Marchesi Julian R. 
Published: January 2019

The aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involves the complex interaction between a patient’s genetic predisposition, environment, gut microbiota and immune system. Currently, however, it is not known if the distinctive perturbations of the gut microbiota that appear to accompany both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the cause of, or the result of, the intestinal inflammation that characterizes IBD. With the utilization of novel systems biology technologies, we can now begin to understand not only details about compositional changes in the gut microbiota in IBD, but increasingly also the alterations in microbiota function that accompany these. Technologies such as metagenomics, metataxomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabonomics are therefore allowing us a deeper understanding of the role of the microbiota in IBD. Furthermore, the integration of these systems biology technologies through advancing computational and statistical techniques are beginning to understand the microbiome interactions that both contribute to health and diseased states in IBD. This review aims to explore how such systems biology technologies are advancing our understanding of the gut microbiota, and their potential role in delineating the aetiology, development and clinical care of IBD.
Genomic Assessment of Blood-Derived Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients With Colorectal Cancers: Correlation With Tissue Sequencing, Therapeutic Response, and Survival
Authors: Kato Shumei , Schwaederlé Maria C. , Fanta Paul T. , Okamura Ryosuke , Leichman Lawrence , Lippman Scott M. , Lanman Richard B. , Raymond Victoria M. , Talasaz AmirAli , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: January 2019

Purpose Genomic alterations in blood-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with colorectal cancers were correlated with clinical outcomes. Patients and Methods Next-generation sequencing of ctDNA (54- to 73-gene panel) was performed in 94 patients with colorectal cancer. Results Most patients (96%) had metastatic or recurrent disease at the time of blood draw. The median number of nonsynonymous alterations per patient was three (range, zero to 30). The most frequently aberrant genes were TP53 (52.1% of patients), KRAS (34%), and APC (28.7%). Concordance between tissue and blood next-generation sequencing ranged from 63.2% ( APC) to 85.5% ( BRAF). Altogether, 74 patients (79%) had one or more nonsynonymous alterations, 69 (73%) had one or more potentially actionable alterations, and 61 (65%) had an alteration actionable by a drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (on or off label). Lung metastases correlated with improved survival from diagnosis in univariable analysis. ctDNA of 5% or more from blood tests as well as EGFR and ERBB2 (HER2) nonsynonymous alterations correlated with worse survival (but only ERBB2 remained significant in multivariable analysis). No two patients had identical molecular portfolios. Overall, 65% versus 31% of patients treated with matched (n = 17) versus unmatched therapy (n = 18) after ctDNA testing achieved stable disease for 6 months or more, partial response, or complete response ( P = .045); progression-free survival, 6.1 versus 2.3 months ( P = .08); and survival not reached versus 9.4 months ( P = .146; all by multivariable analysis). Conclusion Patients with colorectal cancer have heterogeneous ctDNA profiles, and most harbor potentially actionable ctDNA alterations. Matched therapy yielded higher rates of stable disease for 6 months or more, partial response, or complete response. ctDNA assessment may have clinical utility and merits further investigation.
Early and late endothelial response in breast cancer metastasis in mice: simultaneous quantification of endothelial biomarkers using mass spectrometry-based method
Authors: Suraj Joanna , Kurpińska Anna , Zakrzewska Agnieszka , Sternak Magdalena , Stojak Marta , Jasztal Agnieszka , Walczak Maria , Chlopicki Stefan 
Published: January 2019

The endothelium plays an important role in cancer metastasis, but the mechanisms involved are still not clear. In the present work, we characterised the changes in endothelial function at early and late stages of breast cancer progression in an orthotopic model of murine mammary carcinoma (4T1 cells). Endothelial function was analysed based on simultaneous microLC/MS-MRM quantification of 12 endothelium-related biomarkers reflecting glycocalyx disruption [syndecan-1 (SDC-1), endocan (ESM-1)], endothelial inflammation [vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin (E-sel)], endothelial permeability [fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT-1), angiopoietin 2 (Angpt-2)], haemostasis [von Willebrand factor (vWF), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)] and others pathophysiologically linked to endothelial function [e.g. adrenomedullin (ADM), adiponectin (ADN)].
The early phase of metastasis in mouse plasma was associated with glycocalyx disruption (increased SDC-1 and ESM-1), endothelial inflammation (increased sVCAM-1) and increased vascular permeability (Angpt-2). During the late phase of metastasis, additional alterations in haemostasis (increased PAI-1 and vWF), as well as a rise in ADM and substantial fall in ADN concentration were observed.
In conclusion, in a murine model of breast cancer metastasis, we identified glycocalyx disruption, endothelial inflammation and increased endothelial permeability as important events in early metastasis, while the late phase of metastasis was additionally characterised by alterations in haemostasis.
Functional Design of Ionic Liquids: Unprecedented Liquids that Contribute to Energy Technology, Bioscience, and Materials Sciences
Authors: Ohno Hiroyuki , Yoshizawa-Fujita Masahiro , Kohno Yuki 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
There are increasing numbers of studies on the design and evaluation of functional ionic liquids (ILs). Recent progress of functional ILs has been reviewed here. Applications of ILs as solvents for hardly-soluble materials in ordinary solvents are discussed mainly from the viewpoint of energy conversion. We focus on a potential application of ILs as electrolyte solution substituents not only for battery but also other electrochemical devices. Also, the uses of ILs as solvents for biomolecules, especially for dissolution of proteins are summarized. Recent progress with zwitterionic ILs and polymerized ILs are also reviewed as unique morphology ILs. Mixtures of molecular liquids and ILs are quite interesting systems, and thermotropic phase change of these mixtures is described including some applications.
Schizophrenia liability shares common molecular genetic risk factors with sleep duration and nightmares in childhood
Authors: Reed Zoe E. , Jones Hannah J. , Hemani Gibran , Zammit Stanley , Davis Oliver S. P. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Sleep abnormalities are common in schizophrenia, often appearing before psychosis onset; however, the mechanisms behind this are uncertain. We investigated whether genetic risk for schizophrenia is associated with sleep phenotypes. Methods: We used data from 6,058 children and 2,302 mothers from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We examined associations between a polygenic risk score for schizophrenia and sleep duration in both children and mothers, and nightmares in children, along with genetic covariances between these traits. Results: Polygenic risk for schizophrenia was associated with increased risk of nightmares (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.14, p=0.02) in children, and also with less sleep (β=-44.52, 95% CI: −88.98, −0.07; p=0.05). We observed a similar relationship with sleep duration in mothers, although evidence was much weaker (p=0.38). Finally, we found evidence of genetic covariance between schizophrenia risk and reduced sleep duration in children and mothers, and between schizophrenia risk and nightmares in children. Conclusions: These molecular genetic results support recent findings from twin analysis that show genetic overlap between sleep disturbances and psychotic-like experiences. They also show, to our knowledge for the first time, a genetic correlation between schizophrenia liability and risk of nightmares in childhood.
Co-creative technical assistance: essential functions and interim outcomes
Authors: Yazejian Noreen , Metz Allison , Morgan Jenille , Louison Laura , Bartley Leah , Fleming William Oscar , Haidar Lama , Schroeder Jennifer 
Published: January 2019

Background
A large national technical assistance (TA) centre in the US provides TA to Head Start regions to help strengthen their use of implementation science frameworks. In administration of TA to regions, the centre has used a ‘co-creation’ model.
Aims and objectives
This paper describes the co-creative TA approach, including level of dosage (frequency and duration) provided, and interim outcomes achieved.
Methods
The descriptive paper relies on secondary data analyses of information gathered in the course of delivering the technical assistance. The information gathered included observations of events, surveys, and listening sessions with TA participants.
Findings
Analyses revealed that the TA providers were successful in the provision of co-created TA and that interim outcomes of trust, mutual accountability, and some integration of implementation science concepts into ongoing regional work were achieved.
Discussion and conclusions
The TA providers succeeded in delivering TA that was perceived by both observers and participants as involving participants and being tailored to their settings and needs. Limitations include a small sample that was selected based on interest and readiness for engaging in TA and descriptive analyses that did not allow for claims of causality. The promising co-creation approach deserves additional exploration and may provide guidance to others designing technical assistance.
Birth of the hydra-headed monster: a unique antipodean model of health workforce governance
Authors: Pacey Fiona , Short Stephanie 
Published: January 2019

This chapter explicates the multi-profession scheme in Australia that incorporates medical practitioners, nurses and twelve other professional groups. It considers the origins and establishment of the National Scheme for the Registration and Accreditation of the Health Professions introduced in Australia in 2010, within the context of wider regulatory and public policy reforms and initiatives. The key structural aspects of the Scheme’s model of accountability to ministers and parliaments are analysed. It emphasises the extent to which the Scheme has been influenced by Australia’s federal system and the respective responsibilities of each layer of government. The chapter explains how governments in Australia, as represented by their Health Ministers, through the Australian Health Workforce Ministerial Council, have taken on the appearance of the mythical hydra-headed monster, concurrently a unitary and disparate form purposely constructed to act in the public interest in a unique antipodean model of health workforce governance.