bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wnt Signaling–Related Osteokines at Rest and Following Plyometric Exercise in Prepubertal and Early Pubertal Boys and Girls
Authors: Klentrou Panagiota , Angrish Kirina , Awadia Nafisa , Kurgan Nigel , Kouvelioti Rozalia , Falk Bareket 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: This study examined osteokines related to Wnt signaling at rest and in response to plyometric exercise in 12 boys [10.2 (0.4) y] and 12 girls [10.5 (0.4) y]. Methods: One resting (preexercise) and 3 postexercise (5 min, 1 h, and 24 h) blood samples were analyzed for sclerostin, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL). Results: Girls had higher resting sclerostin than boys [187.1 (40.1) vs 150.4 (36.4) pg·mL−1, respectively; P = .02]. However, boys had higher DKK-1 [427.7 (142.3) vs 292.8 (48.0) pg·mL−1, respectively; P = .02] and RANKL [3.9 (3.8) vs 1.0 (0.4) pg·mL−1, respectively; P < .01] than girls. In girls, sclerostin significantly decreased 5-minute and 1-hour postexercise (χ2 = 12.7, P = .01), and RANKL significantly decreased 5-minute postexercise (χ2 = 19.1, P < .01) and continued to decrease up to 24-hour postexercise, with large effect sizes. In boys, DKK-1 significantly decreased 1-hour postexercise and remained lower than preexercise 24-hour postexercise (χ2 = 13.0, P = .01). OPG increased in both boys (χ2 = 13.7, P < .01) and girls (χ2 = 11.4, P = .01), with boys having significantly higher OPG at 5-minute and 1-hour postexercise, whereas in girls, this increase was only seen 24-hour postexercise. Conclusion: Plyometric exercise induces an overall anabolic osteokine response favoring osteoblastogenesis over osteoclastogenesis in both boys and girls although the timeline and mechanism(s) may be different.
Extensive Gene Amplification as a Mechanism for Piperacillin-Tazobactam Resistance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Schechter Lisa M. , Creely David P. , Garner Cherilyn D. , Shortridge Dee , Nguyen Hoan , Chen Lei , Hanson Blake M. , Sodergren Erica , Weinstock George M. , Dunne W. Michael , van Belkum Alex , Leopold Shana R. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Although the TEM-1 β-lactamase (Bla
TEM-1
) hydrolyzes penicillins and narrow-spectrum cephalosporins, organisms expressing this enzyme are typically susceptible to β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations such as piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP). However, our previous work led to the discovery of 28 clinical isolates of
Escherichia coli
resistant to TZP that contained only
bla
TEM-1
. One of these isolates,
E. coli
907355, was investigated further in this study.
E. coli
907355 exhibited significantly higher β-lactamase activity and Bla
TEM-1
protein levels when grown in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of TZP. A corresponding TZP-dependent increase in
bla
TEM-1
copy number was also observed, with as many as 113 copies of the gene detected per cell. These results suggest that TZP treatment promotes an increase in
bla
TEM-1
gene dosage, allowing Bla
TEM-1
to reach high enough levels to overcome inactivation by the available tazobactam in the culture. To better understand the nature of the
bla
TEM-1
copy number proliferation, whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis was performed on
E. coli
907355 in the absence and presence of TZP. The WGS data revealed that the
bla
TEM-1
gene is located in a 10-kb genomic resistance module (GRM) that contains multiple resistance genes and mobile genetic elements. The GRM was found to be tandemly repeated at least 5 times within a p1ESCUM/p1ECUMN-like plasmid when bacteria were grown in the presence of TZP.

IMPORTANCE
Understanding how bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics is essential for treating infected patients effectively, as well as preventing the spread of resistant organisms. In this study, a clinical isolate of
E. coli
was identified that dedicated more than 15% of its genome toward tandem amplification of a ~10-kb resistance module, allowing it to escape antibiotic-mediated killing. Our research is significant in that it provides one possible explanation for clinical isolates that exhibit discordant behavior when tested for antibiotic resistance by different phenotypic methods. Our research also shows that GRM amplification is difficult to detect by short-read WGS technologies. Analysis of raw long-read sequence data was required to confirm GRM amplification as a mechanism of antibiotic resistance.
A strong sense of coherence associated with reduced risk of anxiety disorder among women in disadvantaged circumstances: British population study
Authors: Remes Olivia , Wainwright Nicholas W J , Surtees Paul , Lafortune Louise , Khaw Kay-Tee , Brayne Carol 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveMany patients receiving medical treatment for anxiety relapse or do not improve. Research has therefore been turning to coping mechanisms as a way to decrease anxiety rates. Previously, we showed that living in a deprived area significantly increases the risk of anxiety in women, but not in men. The objective of this study is to assess whether sense of coherence (coping mechanism) buffers the influence of area deprivation on women’s risk of generalised anxiety disorder using data from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk.DesignLarge, population study.SettingUK population-based cohort.Participants30 445 people over the age of 40 years were recruited through general practice registers in England. Of these, 20 919 completed a structured health and lifestyle questionnaire used to assess generalised anxiety disorder and sense of coherence. Area deprivation was measured using 1991 Census data, and sense of coherence and anxiety were examined in 1996–2000. 10 183 women had data on all variables.Main outcome measurePast-year generalised anxiety disorder defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition.ResultsIn this study, 2.6% (260/10 183) of women had generalised anxiety disorder. In those with a strong sense of coherence, area deprivation was not significantly associated with anxiety (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.77 to 2.17). However, among women with a weak sense of coherence, those living in deprived areas were almost twice as likely to have generalised anxiety disorder compared with those living in more affluent areas (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.91).ConclusionThe number of women living in deprived conditions is large worldwide, and significant numbers are affected by generalised anxiety disorder. Sense of coherence moderates the association between area deprivation and anxiety in women; therefore, interventions targeting coping mechanisms may need to be considered for people with anxiety.
Multicentre, cross-cultural, population-based, case–control study of physical activity as risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Visser Anne E , Rooney James P K , D’Ovidio Fabrizio , Westeneng Henk-Jan , Vermeulen Roel C H , Beghi Ettore , Chiò Adriano , Logroscino Giancarlo , Hardiman Orla , Veldink Jan H , van den Berg Leonard H 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in population-based case–control studies in three European countries using a validated and harmonised questionnaire.MethodsPatients with incident ALS and controls were recruited from five population-based registers in The Netherlands, Ireland and Italy. Demographic and data regarding educational level, smoking, alcohol habits and lifetime PA levels in both leisure and work time were gathered by questionnaire, and quantified using metabolic equivalent of task scores. Logistic regression models adjusting for PA-related factors were used to determine the association between PA and ALS risk, and forest plots were used to visualise heterogeneity between regions.Results1557 patients and 2922 controls were included. We found a linear association between ALS and PA in leisure time (OR 1.07, P=0.01) and occupational activities (OR 1.06, P<0.001), and all activities combined (OR 1.06, P<0.001), with some heterogeneity between regions: the most evident association was seen in the Irish and Italian cohorts. After adjustment for other occupational exposures or exclusion of patients with a C9orf72 mutation, the ORs remained similar.ConclusionWe provide new class I evidence for a positive association between PA and risk of ALS in a large multicentre study using harmonised methodology to objectively quantify PA levels, with some suggestions for population differences.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Fe–ZnO THIN FILMS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: AL-JAWAD SELMA M. H. , SABEEH SABAH H. , TAHA ALI A. , JASSIM HUSSEIN A. 
Published: April 2018

Pure and Fe-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) sol–gel thin films were deposited by spin-coating process. Pure ZnO and Fe–ZnO films, containing Fe of 2–8[Formula: see text]wt.%, were annealed at 500∘C for 2[Formula: see text]h. All prepared thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. XRD studies show the polycrystalline nature with hexagonal wurtzite structure of pure ZnO and Fe–ZnO thin films. The crystallite size of the prepared samples reduced with increasing Fe doping concentrations. AFM and SEM results indicated that the average grain size decreased as Fe doping concentration increased. The transmittance spectra were then recorded at wavelengths ranging from 300[Formula: see text]nm to 1000[Formula: see text]nm. The films produced yielded high transmission at visible regions. The optical bandgap energy of spin-coated films also decreased as Fe doping concentration increased. In particular, their optical bandgap energies were 3.75, 3.6, 3.5, 3.45 and 3.3 eV at 0-, 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-wt.% Fe concentrations, respectively. Antibacterial activities of pure ZnO and Fe–ZnO against E. coli and S. aureus were evaluated by international recognized test (JIS Z 2801). The results showed that pure and Fe-doped ZnO thin films have antibacterial inhibition zone against E. coli and S. aureus. Gram-positive bacteria seemed be more resistant to pure and Fe-doped ZnO thin films than gram-negative bacteria. The test shows an incremental increase in antibacterial activity of the thin films when dopant ratio increased under UV light.
Combining geochemistry and geochronology of transported regolith to reveal bedrock-hosted mineralization in the arid east Wongatha area of south central Western Australia
Authors: Morris Paul , Pillans Bradley , Williams Frances , Spooner Nigel , Krapf Carmen , de Souza Kovacs Nadir 
Published: April 2018

Metal anomalies in transported regolith that overlie bedrock-hosted mineralization indicate that a component of mineralization (the exogenic component) can migrate through regolith. In the east Wongatha area of Western Australia, the exogenic component in the fine fraction of sandplain deposits is spatially linked to known and/or inferred bedrock-hosted Au mineralization. In three regolith profiles, the concentration of Au in aqua regia and deionized water Au are correlated, and in two of the profiles Au varies in concentration independent of changes in regolith composition. In one profile, the Au concentration in chemically-mature regolith dominated by quartz sand decreases from 31 ppb at
c.
180 cm depth to 7.3 ppb at 15 cm. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of stratigraphically-controlled regolith samples ranging from 166.9 ± 46.6 ka to 5.4 ± 1.1 ka show a strong correlation with depth (r
2
= 0.99) over a three-metre interval, indicating a sandplain accumulation rate of
c.
17 mm/1000 years. The decrease in Au concentration in east Wongatha regolith can be related to the migration rate of the exogenic component and the rate of sandplain accumulation.

Supplementary material:
Screening and analytical data for the < 50-µm fraction of regolith from three profile sites in the east Wongatha area are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4074413
Rethinking International Legal Narrative Concerning Nineteenth Century China: Seeking China’s Intellectual Connection to International Law
Authors: Zhang Xiaoshi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The standard of civilization is haunting international legal studies. The problem remains whether the non-Western traditions are legitimate sources for international governance. Although legal scholars sometimes approach international law from different perspectives or from a particular experience, at last, they are still writing about one international law that are supposed to apply to all nation-states without differentiation. The future outlook of international law partly depends on if there are real and lasting Asian intellectual connections with international law and whether the Asian inspirations could find their expression in the existing international legal framework. After exploring the existing discourse on China’s reception of international law in the nineteenth century, the paper suggests that Qing China’s statesmen had a vision for co-existence of international legal system and the China oriented tributary system.
On the High-Standard Trade Rules in the 21st Century and China’s Responsive Strategy—A Classical Liberalism Perspective
Authors: Zhang Chuanfang 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the nineteenth century, classical liberalism originated from Britain. Nearly all the countries across the globe had benefited from the liberal international economic order (LIEO) under the Pax Britannia. However, the United States has never taken in classical liberalism. Rather, it regards international trade as a “zero sum game” and upholds “fair trade” through the international institution of WTO/GATT. From the British free trade to the U.S. fair trade, from the WTO to the fragmented PTAs, and from free trade to protectionism, classical liberalism has been gradually fading away. The higher standards on the various non-tariff issues in the TPP have reached a new altitude against classical liberalism. In face of the high-standard trade rules in the 21st century, China should not follow them recklessly but give due consideration to the status quo of its economic development when negotiating FTAs in the future.
Transarterial chemoembolization plus multi-imaging–guided radiofrequency ablation for elimination of hepatocellular carcinoma nodules measuring 3.1 to 5.0 cm: a single-center study
Authors: Haochen Wang , Jian Wang , Li Song , Tianshi Lv , Xiaoqiang Tong , Yinghua Zou 
Published: April 2018

Objective This study was performed to determine whether transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus multi-imaging–guided radiofrequency ablation (MIG-RFA) can completely eliminate 3.1- to 5.0-cm hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules and identify factors that may influence the complete elimination rate (CER) of this therapy. Methods Patients who underwent TACE+MIG-RFA for initial treatment of HCC from January 2008 to January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 162 patients with 216 HCC nodules (3.1–5.0 cm) were enrolled. TACE was performed first; MIG-RFA was performed 2 to 4 weeks later. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was performed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after TACE+MIG-RFA. If tumor enhancement was not detected by the end of the 12-month follow-up, the lesion was considered completely eliminated. Additional TACE+MIG-RFA was performed for residual lesions. The CER was calculated 12 months after the last therapy. Factors that may influence the CER were analyzed. Results In total, 207 (95.8%) nodules showed no residual lesions and were completely eliminated after one or more TACE+MIG-RFA sessions. Nine (4.2%) nodules were incompletely eliminated even with repeated TACE+MIG-RFA. Tumor location was the only significant prognostic factor influencing the CER. Conclusions TACE+MIG-RFA can eliminate 3.1- to 5.0-cm HCC nodules; the tumor location may affect the treatment outcome.
Acute Cardiotoxicity during Capecitabine Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Bertolini Alessandro , Fiumanò Mario , Fusco Ornella , Muffatti Albino , Scarinci Antonio , Pontiggia Gigliola , Scopelliti Massimo 
Published: April 2018

Capecitabine (Xeloda®, Roche, Monza), a fluoropyrimidine carbamate, is an orally administered drug that delivers fluorouracil (5-FU) selectively to the tumor. The drug has demonstrated activity in metastatic breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer. In this case report the authors describe an unusually and reversible cardiac side effect which occurs to 39-year-old patient treated with capecitabine 2000 mg/m2/day for advanced gastric cancer. It is important to note that the safety data from clinical trials indicate that capecitabine has a toxicity profile typical of infused fluoropyrimidines. However, none of the studies described cardiac side effects.
Chemotherapy with Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil Chronomodulated Infusion in Locally Advanced or Metastatic/Recurrent Carcinoma of the Cervix
Authors: Miglietta Loredana , Bruzzone Milena , Ghione Gloria , Pepe Alessio , Marenghi Cristina , Ragni Nicola , Boccardo Francesco 
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background The purpose of this study was to review our experience with the combination of circadian chronomodulated 5-fluorouracil infusion in association with cisplatin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer of the cervix in order to assess the activity and tolerability of the combination. Methods Twenty patients with locally advanced disease and 21 patients with metastatic or recurrent disease were treated from January 1995 to May 1999. 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m2, days 1 to 5) was administered by a continuous circadian-shaped infusion employing an external programmable portable pump; cisplatinum (20 mg/m2) was infused days 1 through 5 iv over a 2-hr period. Response to treatment was evaluated after 3 and 6 cycles of therapy. Patients with locally advanced disease who achieved a clinical shrinkage of their tumor or were at least stable were submitted to surgery; pelvic radiotherapy was administered to patients with disease progression. Results Seven patients with locally advanced disease achieved a partial clinical response (overall response, 35%; 95% Cl, 15.4-59.2), and 12 of 20 patients were submitted to surgery. Median progression-free and overall survival were 17 months and 36 months, respectively. Objective responses were observed in 9 of 21 patients with metastatic/recurrent disease (7 partial plus 2 minor responses: overall response 43%; 95% Cl, 21.8-65.9). Median time to progression and overall survival were 5 and 17 months, respectively. Conclusions Cisplatinum plus 5-fluorouracil chronomodulated infusion showed a moderate but definite activity and was well tolerated in both groups of patients. In consideration of clinical results comparable to more toxic and expensive regimens reported in the literature, the combination appears to be a reasonable option especially for women with metastatic/recurrent cervical carcinoma and a promising treatment in combination with definitive radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced disease.
Reliability and Accuracy of Sentinel Node Biopsy in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Carcoforo P , Soliani G , Bergossi L , Basaglia E , Virgili AR , Pagani W , Pozza E , Feggi LM 
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background The aims of this study were 1) to investigate whether sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy could become the method of choice for the early detection of metastatic disease in patients with malignant melanoma and 2) to identify those patients with lymph node metastases who could benefit from regional lymphadenectomy. Methods and Study Design Our study started in March 1998 and involved 110 patients with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma stage I or II (AJCC) in whom the primary lesion had been surgically removed no more than 90 days previously. On the day of lymph node dissection patients were given an intradermal injection of colloid particles of human serum albumin labeled with technetium-99m and an injection of isosulfan blue. The surgical procedure was usually performed with local anesthesia but in some cases locoregional or general anesthesia was preferred. Contralateral and ipsilateral lymphatic areas were scanned with a hand-held gamma camera (Scintiprobe MR 100) to measure the background and identify the hot point indicating the location of the sentinel node to direct the incision. Results The combined use of lymphoscintigraphy, isosulfan blue and gamma probe allowed us to identify sentinel nodes in 108 of 110 patients (98.18%) while the SLN was blue in only 90 cases (81.81%). The SLN was positive for metastases in 13 of the 108 patients (12.03%) and regional and distal lymphadenectomy was performed in all of them. The distribution of positive SLNs by primary lesion thickness was as follows: 0.76-1.5 mm: one positive SLN/44 patients (2.27%); 1.51-4 mm: six positive SLNs/51 patients (11.7%); >4 mm: six positive SLNs/15 patients (40%). Only four of 12 patients with ulcerated cutaneous melanoma had positive SLNs. The patients in our study underwent follow-up visits every four months. The median follow-up was 481 days (range, 97-1271 days). Conclusions In patients with primary cutaneous melanoma the histological status of the SLN accurately reflects the presence or absence of metastatic disease in the relevant regional lymph node basin. Complete lymph node dissection should only be performed in patients with positive SLNs. Patients with lesions >4 mm are likely to develop recurrences and to die of systemic disease, so in these patients the usefulness of SLN biopsy is questionable. In conclusion, sentinel node mapping is a rational approach for the selection of patients who might benefit from early lymph node dissection of the affected basin.