bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tough Particle‐Based Double Network Hydrogels for Functional Solid Surface Coatings
Authors: Takahashi Riku , Shimano Kouichi , Okazaki Haruka , Kurokawa Takayuki , Nakajima Tasuku , Nonoyama Takayuki , King Daniel R. , Gong Jian Ping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCoating solid surfaces with tough hydrogels is necessary for the practical application of hydrogels in various fields. Here a simple yet versatile method for coating tough double network (DN) hydrogels onto a wide range of solid surfaces, including various materials and geometries is reported. Particle‐based double network (P‐DN) gels that combine ease‐of‐use and significantly strong mechanical properties are utilized. The P‐DN gel coating process involves two steps. First, the solid surface (plastic, rubber, ceramic, and/or metal) is treated to form a thin, physically bound primer layer containing radical initiators. The pre‐gel solution is then applied to the treated surface, followed by photo‐induced polymerization. The P‐DN gel coatings show high toughness, with one notable formulation reaching over 1000 J m‐2 in a 90º peeling test. The coatings also show high stability against long‐term water‐storage, elevated temperatures, and solvent exposure. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the P‐DN gel‐coated surfaces exhibit low friction properties with high wear resistance, by pin‐on‐flat tests. The simple coating process can be used even on surfaces with complex geometries, including 3D shapes. This work will enable the use of DN gels in applications such as biocompatible lubricants, scratch resistance coatings, and anti‐fouling paints.
Tuning Geometry of SWCNTs by CO2 in Floating Catalyst CVD for High‐Performance Transparent Conductive Films
Authors: Liao Yongping , Hussain Aqeel , Laiho Patrik , Zhang Qiang , Tian Ying , Wei Nan , Ding Er‐Xiong , Khan Sabbir A. , Nguyen Nguyen Ngan , Ahmad Saeed , Kauppinen Esko I. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOptimized geometry of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is vital to high‐performance transparent conductive films (TCFs). Herein, the geometry of SWCNTs, i.e., tube diameter, bundle length, and bundle diameter, are successfully tuned by introducing carbon dioxide (CO2) into floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC‐CVD), where carbon monoxide (CO) is used as a carbon source and ferrocene as a catalyst precursor. Both tube diameter and bundle length increase with an increment of CO2 concentration, and the yield of SWCNTs can be significantly promoted with the appropriate amount of CO2. The role of CO2 in this behavior is further rationalized as enhancing CO decomposition or carbon dissolution into catalysts. The TCFs based on SWCNTs with optimized geometry by CO2 exhibit improved performance up to 86.8 Ω sq−1 at 90% transmittance after AuCl3 doping, achieving about 50% reduction of sheet resistance compared to the TCFs without CO2. The use of CO2 for directly tuning growth of SWCNTs blazes a new trail in the field of SWCNT based TCFs.
Electron Affinity Control of Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors and Its Applicability to Organic Electronics
Authors: Kim Junghwan , Yamamoto Koji , Iimura Soshi , Ueda Shigenori , Hosono Hideo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEnergy level matching is a key factor for realizing efficient optoelectronics, such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are widely used as hole‐injection layers (HILs) because of their large electron affinities, corresponding to conduction band minimum levels (ECBM). However, the poor electrical properties and chemical instabilities of TMOs restrict device performance and fabrication processes. Conversely, amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) exhibit superior electrical properties and chemical stability but cannot be applied to HILs because of their small electron affinities. In this study, a novel method is proposed to tune the electron affinity of conventional AOSs and an example material design of AOSs for HILs. The electron affinity deepening phenomenon that is attributable to the higher oxidation states of transition metal cations achieves a very deep ECBM of 5.7 eV for the proposed amorphous In–Mo–O (a‐IMO). Furthermore, an a‐IMO exhibits a high mobility of ≈1 cm2 V−1 s−1 and high chemical stability against various solvents. As a result, it is demonstrated that a very thick a‐IMO layer is applicable to OLEDs as an HIL with no operating‐voltage increase. This study provides a new approach for efficient organic optoelectronics by tuning the electron affinity of AOSs.
Ambipolar Graphene–Quantum Dot Phototransistors with CMOS Compatibility
Authors: Zheng Li , Zhou Wenjia , Ning Zhijun , Wang Gang , Cheng Xinhong , Hu Weida , Zhou Wen , Liu Zhiduo , Yang Siwei , Xu Kaimin , Luo Man , Yu Yuehui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe hybridization of 2D materials and colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) has been demonstrated to be an ideal platform for infrared photodetectors due to the high mobility of 2D materials and the excellent light harvesting capability of CQDs. However, the realization of ambipolar, broadband, and room‐temperature graphene–quantum dot phototransistors with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility remains challenging. Here N, S codecorated graphene is deposited with PbS CQDs to fabricate a hybrid phototransistor on a silicon dioxide/silicon gate. The resulting device demonstrates a gate‐tuneable ambipolar feature with a low gate bias of less than 3.3 V at room temperature in ambient. Broadband spectra from visible to near‐infrared and to short wave infrared (SWIR) light can be detected with gain value of up to 105 and a fast response of 3 ms. Upon illumination by SWIR light at 1550 nm, the phototransistor exhibits an ultrahigh responsivity that is on the order of 104 AW−1 and a specific detectivity that is on the order of 1012 Jones with a low driving voltage of 1 V. This decorated hybrid architecture illustrates the potential of graphene and CQDs to be integrated with silicon integrated circuits and opens a new path toward ambipolar photodetector fabrication.
Synergistic Effects of Double Cation Substitution in Solution‐Processed CZTS Solar Cells with over 10% Efficiency
Authors: Hadke Shreyash H. , Levcenko Sergiu , Lie Stener , Hages Charles J. , Márquez José A. , Unold Thomas , Wong Lydia H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe performance of many emerging compound semiconductors for thin‐film solar cells is considerably lower than the Shockley–Queisser limit, and one of the main reasons for this is the presence of various deleterious defects. A partial or complete substitution of the cations presents a viable strategy to alter the characteristics of the detrimental defects and defect clusters. Particularly, it is hypothesized that double cation substitution could be a feasible strategy to mitigate the negative effects of different types of defects. In this study, the effects of double cation substitution on pure‐sulfide Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) by partially substituting Cu with Ag, and Zn with Cd are explored. A 10.1% total‐area power conversion efficiency (10.8% active‐area efficiency) is achieved. The role of Cd, Ag, and Cd + Ag substitution is probed using temperature‐dependent photoluminescence, time‐resolved photoluminescence, current–voltage (IV), and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements. It is found that Cd improves the photovoltaic performance by altering the defect characteristics of acceptor states near the valence band, and Ag reduces nonradiative bulk recombination. It is believed that the double cation substitution approach can also be extended to other emerging photovoltaic materials, where defects are the main culprits for low performance.
Is There a Neurologist in the House? A Summary of the Current State of Neurovascular Rotations for Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Wira Charles R. , Madsen Tracy E. , Chang Bernard P. , Nomura Jason T. , Marcolini Evie , Gentile Nina T. , Schreyer Kraftin E. , Merck Lisa H. , Siket Matthew , Greenberg Karen , Zammit Christopher G. , Jauch Edward C. , Fernanda Bellolio M. ,   from the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Neurological Emergencies Interest Group
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesNeurovascular and neurocritical care emergencies constitute a leading cause of morbidity/mortality. There has been great evolution in this field, including but not limited to extended time‐window therapeutic interventions for acute ischemic stroke. The intent of this article is to evaluate the goals and future direction of clinical rotations in neurovascular and neurocritical care for emergency medicine (EM) residents.MethodsA panel of 13 board‐certified emergency physicians from the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) neurologic emergencies interest group (IG) convened in response to a call for publications—three with fellowship training/board certification in stroke and/or neurocritical care; five with advanced research degrees; three who have been authors on national practice guidelines; and six who have held clinical duties within neurology, neurosurgery, or neurocritical care. A mixed‐methods analysis was performed including a review of the literature, a survey of Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors (CORD) residency leaders/faculty and SAEM neuro‐IG members, and a consensus review by this panel of select neurology rotations provided by IG faculty.ResultsThirteen articles for residency neurovascular education were identified: three studies on curriculum, three studies evaluating knowledge, and seven studies evaluating knowledge after an educational intervention. Intervention outcomes included the ability to recognize and manage acute strokes, manage intracerebral hemorrhage, calculate National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and interpret images. In the survey sent to CORD residency leaders and neuro‐IG faculty, response was obtained from 48 programs. A total of 52.1% indicated having a required rotation (6.2% general neurology, 2% stroke service, 18.8% neurologic intensive care unit, 2% neurosurgery, 22.9% on a combination of services). The majority of programs with required rotations have a combination rotation (residents rotate through multiple services) and evaluations were positive.ConclusionsVariability exists in the availability of neurovascular/neurocritical care rotations for EM trainees. Dedicated clinical time in neurologic education was beneficial to participants. Given recent advancements in the field, augmentation of EM residency training in this area merits strong consideration.
Global country‐level estimates of associations between adult height and the distribution of income
Authors: Auld M. Christopher 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis article presents the first estimates of global associations between adult height and the distribution of income, and considers the roles of regional heterogeneity, heterogeneity across low‐ and high‐income countries, and of infant mortality as a potential mediator.MethodsLinear parametric and semiparametric regressions predicting mean height and sexual dimorphism in height are estimated using data on one cohort born in 1996 with height measured in 2016. Measurement error in income inequality is addressed using an instrumental variables method.ResultsAcross countries higher income per capita is strongly associated with higher mean height, and higher income inequality is associated with lower mean height after holding mean income constant. These relationships vary with mean income: at low incomes, higher mean income strongly predicts greater height but income inequality has no statistically significant effect, whereas for high‐income countries, only higher income inequality predicts lower height, and only in Europe. Sexual dimorphism in height is positively associated with mean income at low incomes, but it is not related to income inequality.ConclusionsControlling for income inequality has modest effects on a positive height‐income gradient. Greater inequality predicts lower height after holding income per capita constant, suggesting that mean height should be used with caution as a proxy for standard of living in some contexts. The extent to which these associations reflect causality running from economic conditions to height cannot be determined from these results.
Cost‐benefit analysis of investment in occupational health and safety in Colombian companies
Authors: Riaño‐Casallas Martha I. , Tompa Emile 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether investment in preventive measures by a Colombian insurer reduces rates of work‐related injuries and results in positive returns from these investments.MethodsThe study is based on monthly panel data of 2011‐2015 of 303 medium and large companies affiliated with a private insurer in Colombia. We undertook regression modeling analysis to assess the effectiveness of incremental investments in occupational health and safety (OHS) prevention measures. The cost‐benefit analysis is from the insurer's perspective.ResultsInvestment in OHS per full‐time equivalent was statistically significant at the 1% level. We estimated that 4919 injuries were averted through these investments, resulting in the avoidance of $3 949 957 in costs. Our results suggest that the investments were worth undertaking from the insurer's perspective.ConclusionsThis paper provides new empirical evidence on the effectiveness and cost‐benefit of OHS investments in a middle‐income country. Incremental investment in OHS can be effective and cost‐beneficial.
Biomimetische DNA‐Nanoröhren: Gezielte Synthese und Anwendung nanoskopischer Kanäle
Authors: Liu Xiaoguo , Zhao Yan , Liu Pi , Wang Lihua , Lin Jianping , Fan Chunhai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiomakromolekulare Nanoröhren spielen eine wichtige physiologische Rolle für transmembranäre Transportvorgänge von Ionen/Molekülen im intrazellulären Transport und in der interzellulären Kommunikation. Während genetisch kodierte Protein‐Nanoröhren das In‐vivo‐Geschehen dominieren, findet seit Anbruch der strukturellen DNA‐Nanotechnologie die In‐vitro‐Konstruktion biomimetischer DNA‐Nanoröhren zunehmende Beachtung. Der abiotische Gebrauch der DNA‐Assemblierung stellt einen potenten Bottom‐up‐Ansatz zur rationalen Erstellung komplexer Materialien in beliebiger Größe und Form im Nanomaßstab zur Verfügung. So kann eine typische DNA‐Nanoröhre entweder mittels parallel ausgerichteter DNA‐Doppelstrukturen oder über ein geschlossenes DNA‐Kachelgitter assembliert werden. Diese künstlichen DNA‐Nanoröhren können maßgeschneidert und targetspezifisch modifiziert werden, um ihre biomimetischen Funktionen zu erfüllen, wie z. B. für den Transport von Ionen/Molekülen, für Bioreaktoren, Wirkstofftransport und Biomolekularsensorik. Dieser Aufsatz zielt darauf ab, die jüngsten Fortschritte der Entwicklungsstrategien zusammenzufassen, einschließlich der Beschreibung und Anwendung biomimetischer DNA‐Nanoröhren.
A Janus Nickel Cobalt Phosphide Catalyst for High‐Efficiency Neutral‐pH Water Splitting
Authors: Wu Rui , Xiao Bing , Gao Qiang , Zheng Ya‐Rong , Zheng Xu‐Sheng , Zhu Jun‐Fa , Gao Min‐Rui , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTransition‐metal phosphides have stimulated great interest as catalysts to drive the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but their use as bifunctional catalytic electrodes that enable efficient neutral‐pH water splitting has rarely been achieved. Herein, we report the synthesis of ternary Ni0.1Co0.9P porous nanosheets onto conductive carbon fiber paper that can efficiently and robustly catalyze both the HER and water oxidation in 1 m phosphate buffer (PBS; pH 7) electrolyte under ambient conditions. A water electrolysis cell comprising the Ni0.1Co0.9P electrodes demonstrates remarkable activity and stability for the electrochemical splitting of neutral‐pH water. We attribute this performance to the new ternary Ni0.1Co0.9P structure with porous surfaces and favorable electronic states resulting from the synergistic interplay between nickel and cobalt. Ternary metal phosphides hold promise as efficient and low‐cost catalysts for neutral‐pH water splitting devices.
Composition Tailoring via N and S Co‐doping and Structure Tuning by Constructing Hierarchical Pores: Metal‐Free Catalysts for High‐Performance Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Yang Hengpan , Wu Yu , Lin Qing , Fan Liangdong , Chai Xiaoyan , Zhang Qianling , Liu Jianhong , He Chuanxin , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA facile route to scalable production of N and S co‐doped, hierarchically porous carbon nanofiber (NSHCF) membranes (ca. 400 cm2 membrane in a single process) is reported. As‐synthesized NSHCF membranes are flexible and free‐standing, allowing their direct use as cathodes for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Notably, CO with 94 % Faradaic efficiency and −103 mA cm−2 current density are readily achieved with only about 1.2 mg catalyst loading, which are among the best results ever obtained by metal‐free CO2RR catalysts. On the basis of control experiments and DFT calculations, such outstanding CO Faradaic efficiency can be attributed to the co‐doped pyridinic N and carbon‐bonded S atoms, which effectively decrease the Gibbs free energy of key *COOH intermediate. Furthermore, hierarchically porous structures of NSHCF membranes impart a much higher density of accessible active sites for CO2RR, leading to the ultra‐high current density.
In‐Plane Epitaxial Growth of Highly c‐Oriented NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti) Membranes with Superior H2/CO2 Selectivity
Authors: Sun Yanwei , Liu Yi , Caro Jürgen , Guo Xinwen , Song Chunshan , Liu Yi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPreferred‐orientation control has significant impact on the separation performance of MOF membranes. Under most conditions the preferred orientation of MOF membranes is dominated by the Van der Drift mechanism of evolutionary growth selection so that the obtained orientation may not be optimized for practical application. In this study, highly c‐oriented NH2‐MIL‐125 membranes were prepared on porous α‐alumina substrates by combining oriented seeding and controlled in‐plane epitaxial growth. Dynamic air–liquid interface‐assisted self‐assembly of c‐oriented NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti) seed monolayers, the use of layered TiS2 as the metal precursor, and single‐mode microwave heating were crucial in ensuring the preferred c‐orientation while simultaneously suppressing undesired twin growth. Owing to reduced grain boundary defects, the prepared c‐oriented membranes showed an ideal H2/CO2 selectivity of 24.8, which was 6.1 times higher than that of their randomly oriented counterparts under similar operating conditions.
Milde Chlorhomologisierung von Estern durch Chloracetat‐Claisen‐Reaktion unter kontinuierlichen Durchflussbedingungen
Authors: Ganiek Maximilian A. , Ivanova Maria V. , Martin Benjamin , Knochel Paul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie selektive Chlormethylierung funktionalisierter Ester mit Chloressigsäure (CE) und LiHMDS (HMDS= Hexamethyldisilazid) in einem kontinuierlich betriebenen Mikroreaktorsystem wird beschrieben. Diese Homologisierungsmethode nach Claisen wird zum ersten Mal auf die bis‐Chloromethylierung mit Dichloressigsäure (DCE) angewendet, was einen Zugang zu den weniger untersuchten α,α′‐bis‐ Chlorketonen ermöglicht. Durch das Mikroreaktorsystem können die unstabilen dianionischen Enolate der Essigsäuren besser erzeugt werden, was zu bisher unerreicht milden und skalierbaren Reaktionsbedingugen und ausgeglichener Reagenzstöchiometrie führt (−10 °C, <1 min, 1.0–2.4 Äquiv. Dianion). Der selektive Reaktionsverlauf macht die Verwendung der Reaktionsprodukte ohne weitere Aufreinigung möglich, was anhand der Synthese verschiedener Heterozyklen von allgemeinem Interesse demonstriert wird. Zudem wird eine neuartige, katalysatorfreie Substitution der Monochlorketone mit (Hetero)arylzinkenolaten beschrieben, die zu wertvollen 1,4‐Diketonen führt.
An Electrophilic Bromine Redox Catalysis for the Synthesis of Indole Alkaloid Building Blocks by Selective Aliphatic C−H Amination
Authors: Bergès Julien , García Belén , Muñiz Kilian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new homogeneous bromine(−I/I) redox catalysis is described, which is based on monomeric bromine(I) compounds containing transferable phthalimidato groups. These catalysts enable intermolecular C−H amination reactions at previously unaccessible aliphatic positions and thus enlarge the synthetic potential of direct C−N bond formation, including its application in the synthesis of alkaloid building blocks. This aspect is demonstrated by a new synthetic approach to aspidospermidine. In addition to the development of the catalyst system, the structures of the involved bromine(I) key catalysts were fully elucidated, including by X‐ray analyses.
Discovery of an MLLT1/3 YEATS Domain Chemical Probe
Authors: Moustakim Moses , Christott Thomas , Monteiro Octovia P. , Bennett James , Giroud Charline , Ward Jennifer , Rogers Catherine M. , Smith Paul , Panagakou Ioanna , Díaz‐Sáez Laura , Felce Suet Ling , Gamble Vicki , Gileadi Carina , Halidi Nadia , Heidenreich David , Chaikuad Apirat , Knapp Stefan , Huber Kilian V. M. , Farnie Gillian , Heer Jag , Manevski Nenad , Poda Gennady , Al‐awar Rima , Dixon Darren J. , Brennan Paul E. , Fedorov Oleg 
Published: October 2018

AbstractYEATS domain (YD) containing proteins are an emerging class of epigenetic targets in drug discovery. Dysregulation of these modified lysine‐binding proteins has been linked to the onset and progression of cancers. We herein report the discovery and characterisation of the first small‐molecule chemical probe, SGC‐iMLLT, for the YD of MLLT1 (ENL/YEATS1) and MLLT3 (AF9/YEATS3). SGC‐iMLLT is a potent and selective inhibitor of MLLT1/3–histone interactions. Excellent selectivity over other human YD proteins (YEATS2/4) and bromodomains was observed. Furthermore, our probe displays cellular target engagement of MLLT1 and MLLT3. The first small‐molecule X‐ray co‐crystal structures with the MLLT1 YD are also reported. This first‐in‐class probe molecule can be used to understand MLLT1/3‐associated biology and the therapeutic potential of small‐molecule YD inhibitors.
Green and efficient organic–inorganic hybrid nanocatalyst for oxidative desulfurization of gasoline
Authors: Rezvani Mohammad Ali , Aghbolagh Zahra Shokri , Monfared Hassan Hosseini 
Published: October 2018

A new organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite (TBA‐Si2W18Mn4@SAB) was synthesized by supporting quaternary ammonium salt of sandwich‐type polyoxometalate (TBA‐Si2W18Mn4) on sodium‐activated bentonite (SAB) for catalysing an oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process. The synthesized materials were characterized by means of elemental analysis, 29Si NMR, Fourier transform infrared and UV–visible spectroscopies, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The proposed ODS process was successfully developed on the basis of the catalytic oxidation of organosulfur compounds using TBA‐Si2W18Mn4@SAB as catalyst and CH3COOH/H2O2 as oxidizing agent. The removal of the sulfur content of gasoline reached 97% at a temperature of 35°C after 1 h using 0.10 g of the prepared catalyst. Various experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of reaction time, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and catalyst type on sulfur removal efficiency. The heterogeneous TBA‐Si2W18Mn4@SAB catalyst was found to be reusable for five times. The obtained data illustrated that the use of the TBA‐Si2W18Mn4@SAB/CH3COOH/H2O2 oxidation system could be a convenient strategy for reducing the sulfur content of gasoline fuel under moderate reaction conditions.