bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Products: Key Prototypes to Drug Discovery Against Neglected Diseases Caused by Trypanosomatids
Authors: Varela Marina Themoteo , Fernandes João Paulo S. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Neglected tropical diseases are a group of infections caused by microorganisms
and viruses that affect mainly poor regions of the world. In addition, most
available drugs are associated with long periods of treatment and high toxicity which limits
the application and patient compliance. Investment in research and development is not seen as
an attractive deal by the pharmaceutical industry since the final product must ideally be cheap,
not returning the amount invested. Natural products have always been an important source for
bioactive compounds and are advantageous over synthetic compounds when considering the
unique structural variety and biological activities. On the other hand, isolation difficulties and
low yields, environmental impact and high cost usually limit their application as drug per se.

Objective:
In this review, the use of natural products as prototypes for the semi-synthesis or
total synthesis, as well as natural products as promising hits is covered, specifically regarding
compounds with activities against trypanosomatids such as Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania
spp.

Methods:
Selected reports from literature with this approach were retrieved.

Conclusion:
As summary, it can be concluded that natural products are an underestimated
source for designing novel agents against these parasites.
Flexibility of Organic Thermoelectric Material for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Management and Conversion
Authors: Ogedengbe Emmanuel O.B. , Igbekoyi Omokehinde , Bakare Abideen , Alonge Olufemi J. , Shitta Manasseh B. , Rosen Marc A. 
Published: May 2018

Objective:The flexibility on a design maneuvering of building automation systems with the integration of organic solar cells is investigated.Methods:The energy demand load of the Engineering Lecture Theatre (ELT) at the University of Lagos is analyzed and parametric studies of the heat and charge transport within aMimosa pudicabased solar wafer are conducted, along with the modelling of a network of microchannels. A walk-through energy audit of all the devices that are installed or operated within the ELT and the thermophysical properties of the building envelope are considered, with the aim of satisfying the ASHRAE standard for thermal comfort and indoor air quality. A two-dimensional finite volume formulation of the heat and charge transfers within the boundaries of the flexible laminate and the organic extract is utilized.Result:Parametric analysis of the flow phenomenon and temperature distribution, especially across the wafer, at various operating conditions helps to determine significant design criteria, and assists in confirming the feasible power performance of the organic solar cell for building energy management.Conclusion:The results are anticipated for the design of reliable building automation systems for effective demand side monitoring, and for estimation of the economic viability of a proposed development of hybrid organic-inorganic based solar energy system for independent power generation within the Faculty of Engineering.
Context-Sensitive Ecological Momentary Assessment: Application of User-Centered Design for Improving User Satisfaction and Engagement During Self-Report (Preprint)
Authors: Srinivas Preethi , Bodke Kunal , Ofner Susan , Keith NiCole R , Tu Wanzhu , Clark Daniel O 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can be a useful tool for collecting real-time behavioral data in studies of health and health behavior. However, EMA administered through mobile technology can be burdensome, and it tends to suffer from suboptimal user engagement, particularly in low health-literacy populations.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to report a case study involving the design and evaluation of a mobile EMA tool that supports context-sensitive EMA-reporting of location and social situations accompanying eating and sedentary behavior.

METHODS

An iterative, user-centered design process with obese, middle-aged women seeking care in a safety-net health system was used to identify the preferred format of self-report measures and the look, feel, and interaction of the mobile EMA tool. A single-arm feasibility field trial with 21 participants receiving 12 prompts each day for momentary self-reports over a 4-week period (336 total prompts per participant) was used to determine user satisfaction with interface quality and user engagement, operationalized as response rate. A second trial among 38 different participants randomized to receive or not to receive a feature designed to improve engagement was conducted.

RESULTS

The feasibility trial results showed high interface satisfaction and engagement, with an average response rate of 50% over 4 weeks. Qualitative feedback pointed to the need for auditory alerts. We settled on 3 alerts at 10-min intervals to accompany each EMA-reporting prompt. The second trial testing this feature showed a statistically significant increase in the response rate between participants randomized to receive repeat auditory alerts versus those who were not (60% vs 40%).

CONCLUSIONS

This paper reviews the design research and a set of design constraints that may be considered in the creation of mobile EMA interfaces personalized to users’ preferences. Novel aspects of the study include the involvement of low health-literacy adults in design research, the capture of data on time, place, and social context of eating and sedentary behavior, and reporting prompts tailored to an individual’s location and schedule.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03083964; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03083964
A educação literária sob duas perspectivas - objetivo comum
Authors: Figueira Lauro Roberto do Carmo 
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer um paralelo entre o ensino da Literatura no Ensino Médio, no Brasil, e no Ensino Secundário, em Portugal. Confrontaram-se vários documentos legais que regem as diretrizes curriculares de ambos os países e chegou-se à conclusão de que as orientações nacionais não são efetivamente implementadas, ao contrário dos programas portugueses. Em Portugal, o Programa e Metas Curriculares de Português/2014 apresenta uma base comum curricular nacional em que discrimina conteúdos, competências e habilidades (descritores de desempenho) a serem executados pelo professor de modo que lhe ficam disponíveis apenas instrumentalizações metodológicas. Essas determinações definem a aplicação do referido Programa. No Brasil, os vários documentos definidores do ensino (Diretrizes e Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais/Ensino Médio - Linguagens) limitam-se a apresentar sugestões, reflexões e conteúdos, sem a deliberação curricular, proposição adversa da portuguesa. Ainda, a concepção de texto é diversa. Enquanto a orientação portuguesa opta pelo entendimento de texto complexo, elegendo o texto literário como o principal exemplo, na situação brasileira o texto literário subordina-se à perspectiva da Semiótica e da Linguística textual. Estas diferentes abordagens geram descompasso acerca do acesso direto à obra literária - enquanto no ensino português o aluno recebe uma lista de obras, no brasileiro, o aluno circunscreve-se a textos derivados de instruções e sugestões da historiografia literária, a resultar relativa efetividade da leitura. Concluiu-se também que o ensino do Português lusitano prioriza a centralidade do texto literário, ao passo que o brasileiro destina a Literatura a compor uma subunidade dos conteúdos de Língua Portuguesa. Palavras-chave: Currículo. Ensino. Literatura.
NASIONALISME DAN KEISLAMAN UNIVERSAL DALAM NOVEL MAWAKK IB AL-AHRR ARR KARYA NAJIB KYLANI
Authors: Latifi Yulia Nasrul 
Published: May 2018

This article discusses an Egypt modern novel of Najib al-Kylani,Mawakib al-Ahrar, which tells about the struggle of Egyptians to get their independence from French colonization. One interesting point of this novel is the idea of critical and progressive nationalism. In contrast, postcolonial theory is focused on the aspects of nationalism using deconstruction methods. This theory is based on Edward Said argument on â€˜Eastâ€™ discourse through its orientalism as a product of science that has ideological basis and colonial interests. Their political and economic colonialism is accompanied by cultural colonialism through representing the East as â€˜The Otherâ€™. Said developed his theory by using Foucaultâ€™s power concept and developed Derridaâ€™s binary opposition. The progressive idea of this novel has a closed relationship with the universal values of Islam, characterized by inclusivity, egalitarianism, and democracy. Theologically and historically, Islam has taught the unity of human being and the need of plurality and differences of human beings, cultures, and nations to compete in good manner. Dialogical and mutual understanding of cultures is really important, not the exception between the West and the East cultures.Â Tulisan ini membahas novel modern Mesir yang berjudul Mawakib al-Ahrar karya Najib al-Kylani. Novel ini mengisahkan tentang perjuangan rakyat Mesir untuk mendapatkan kemerdekaan selama dalam penjajahanPerancis. Yang menarik dari novel ini adalah gagasan nasionalisme yang sangat kritis dan progresif. Sementara itu, teori poskolonial yang difokuskan pada aspek nasionalisme dengan memakai metode dekonstuksi. Teori ini didasarkan pada gugatan Edward Said tentang wacana â€˜Timurâ€™ melalui orientalismenya sebagai produksi ilmu pengetahuan yang memiliki landasan-landasan ideologis dan kepentingan-kepentingan kolonial. Penjajahan politik dan ekonomi mereka disertai pula penjajahan kultural berupa representasi Timur sebagai â€˜Sang Lainâ€™. Said mengembangkan teorinya dengan memakai konsep kekuasaan Foucault dan mengembangkangagasan oposisi biner Derrida. Gagasan novel yang progresif inimemiliki keterkaitan erat dengan nilai-nilai keislaman universal yang bercirikan inklusif, egaliter, dan demokratis. Secara teologis ataupun historis, Islam telah mengajarkan kesatuan manusia dan pentingnya pluralitas dan perbedaan manusia, budaya, dan bangsa untuk berlomba-lomba dalam kebaikan. Pemahaman budaya secara dialogis dan mutualistik sangat penting, termasuk budaya yang dialogis antara Barat dan Timur.
KEKUASAAN DAN KEIMANAN DALAM KELUARGA PERMANA KARYA RAMADHAN K.H.
Authors: Anggradinata Langgeng Prima 
Published: May 2018

A religion-nuanced literary work has a meaning that is more thanjust the understanding of whether a religious teaching is right or wrong. It is really meaningful and presents various problems that can give a discourse to its readers. One of such literary works is a novel written by Ramadhan K.H., entitled Keluarga Permana. This novel attracts its audience when it is approached with Foucaultâ€™s theory of power and James Fowlerâ€™s faith development theory. These two theories allow readers to uncover many things contained in the novel. Using Foucaultâ€™s theory of power, powerrelations can be seen. In addition, through this approach, it can also be seen the occurrence of a new character named society, which takes a role of supervising the power system and giving motivation to the other characters. Meanwhile, through James Fowlerâ€™s faith development theory, the faith of Farida â€“ one character in the novel â€“ can be easily analyzed and shown the problems.Â Karya sastra bercorak agama memiliki makna yang tidak hanyaterbatas pada pemahaman benar dan yang salah seperti sebuah ajaran agama, namun lebih dari itu. Karya sastra bercorak agama menunjukkan kekayaan makna dan keberagaman persoalan yang lebih sering memberikan diskursus kepada pembacanya. Novel Keluarga Permana karya Ramadhan K.H. menjadi salah satu karya sastra bercorak agama yang memiliki itu. Novel ini menjadi menarik apabila didekati melalui teori kekuasaan Michel Foucault dan teori perkembangan keimanan James Fowler. Melalui dua pendekatan tersebut, dapat dilihat apa-apa yang terdapat dalam novel Keluarga Permana secara lebih mendalam. Melalui pendekatan kekuasaan Foucault, relasi-relasi kuasa akan nampak. Selain itu, pendekatan kekuasaan akan muncul tokoh baru yang bernama masyarakat yang menjadipengawas sistem kuasa dan memberi motivasi tindakan terhadap tokohtokoh lainnya. Sementara itu, melalui teori perkembangan keimanan James Fowler, keimanan tokoh Farida akan dengan mudah diuraikan dan ditemukanproblematikanya.
Local Wisdom Reflected in The Symbols in Masjid Saka Tunggal Banyumas
Authors: Sholikhah Ika Maratus , Adiarti Dian , Kholifah Asrofin Nur 
Published: May 2018

This article discusses the heritage of Banyumas culture conserved by the inhabitants. Banyumas is famous not only for its tourist destination but also for its art performances such as begalan, lengger, calung,kentongan, and ebeg. One of the famous tourist destinations in Banyumas is a mosque called Masjid Saka Tunggal Baitussalam (MSTB). This research emphasizes on the description of MSTB as the heritage of Banyumas culture as well as explains the meanings and messages reflected in the symbols found in MSTB. This mosque was buit in 1288 and is the oldest mosque in Indonesia. The symbols were analyzed with semiotic theory using qualitative descriptive analysis. The data were gained through observation, documentation, and interviews. This research found that there were 13 symbols found in MSTB representing Islamic and Javanese philosophy, especially in spiritual activities. MSTB is a promising tourism site of Banyumas to be be developed as cultural heritage. Artikel ini membahas warisan budaya Banyumas yang masih sangat dipertahankan oleh penduduk setempat. Banyumas tidak hanya terkenal dengan destinasi wisatanya, tetapi juga pertunjukan seni, seperti Begalan, Lengger, Calung, Kentongan, dan Ebeg. Salah satu tujuan wisata yang terkenal di Banyumas ialah Masjid Saka Tunggal Baitussalam (MSTB). Penelitian ini menekankan pada deskripsi Masjid Saka Tunggal Baitussalam sebagai salah satu warisan budaya Banyumas sekaligus menjelaskan makna dan pesan yang tercermin pada simbol-simbol yang ditemukan di MSTB. Masjid ini didirikan pada tahun 1288 dan merupakan masjid tertua di Indonesia. Simbol-simbol yang ditemukan dianalisis berdasarkan teori semiotik dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dihimpun melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara dengan informan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan 13 simbol yang ditemukan di MSTB yang merepresentasikan filsafat Islam dan Jawa, khususnya dalam aktivitas spiritual. MSTB merupakan situs wisata Banyumas yang menjanjikan untuk terus dikembangkan sebagai warisan budaya.
Tradisi Pernikahan Adat Jawa Keraton Membentuk Keluarga Sakinah
Authors: Aziz Safrudin 
Published: May 2018

This article explains how to build a peaceful (sakinah) family in the Javanese wedding traditions and rituals of Surakarta and Yogyakarta Palaces. This theme is important because most of Javanese people do not understand the philosophical and ethical values of building a peaceful family as it is reflected in the traditions and rituals. Saki>nah, which means a peaceful family, is the final destination of a marriage as showed in Javanese marital traditions and rituals. The tradition of nontoni is a symbol of knowing each other (taâ€™aruf) between the bride and the groom. Installing tarub symbolizes the announcement of a marriage as well as a way to build closeness among the family, relatives, and neighbors to get the pray and bless for the couple. In addition, the tradition of sepasaran represents feeling of gratitude to God and other people due to the values of silaturahmi and sharing good luck after wedding ceremony. The steadiness in choosing a partner through deliberation, calculation, understanding of the similarities of character, vision and way of life of each pair is a provision for establishing harmonious family as contained in the symbolic message of Javanese wedding traditions and rituals.Â Tulisan ini mengungkap cara membangun keluarga sakinah dalam tradisi dan ritual pernikahan adat Jawa, Keraton Surakarta dan Yogyakarta. Mayoritas orang Jawa tidak memahami nilai filosofis dan etis cara membangun keluarga sakinah sebagaimana tersirat dalam tradisi dan ritual pernikahan yang diselenggarakannya. Sakinah dalam arti keluarga yang tenang, damai dan tenteram merupakan tujuan akhir pernikahan sebagaimana terdapat dalam tradisi dan ritual pernikahan adat Jawa. Tradisi nontoni sebagai simbolisasi dari taâ€™aruf (saling mengenal) antara calon istri dengan calon suaminya. Pasang tarub sebagai sarana mengumumkan keberlangsungan sebuah pernikahan sekaligus media merekatkan tali Â silaturrahmi dengan mengumpulkan kerabat dan tetangga guna memperoleh doâ€™a, restu serta keberkahan bagi kedua mempelai. Begitu pula dengan tradisi sepasaran merupakan salah satu bentuk syukur terhadap Tuhan dan sesama manusia.Sebab tradisi sepasaran mengandung nilai silaturrahmi serta berbagi rizki setelah berakhirnya upacara pernikahan. Adapun memantapkan hati dalam memilih pasangan melalui pertimbangan, perhitungan, pemahaman terhadap kesamaan karakter, visi serta pandangan hidup setiap pasangan merupakan bekal membangun keluarga sakinah sebagaimana terdapat dalam pesan simbolik tradisi dan ritual pernikahan Jawa.
PENGARUH BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS KOMPUTER TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA 1 JEKULO KUDUS
Authors: Raharjo Bambang Winanto , LESTARININGSIH ENNY DWI 
Published: May 2018

The research problem is how the significance level of the influence of computer-based teaching materials on students’learning outcomes in Indonesian subjects in SMA 1 Jekulo. This study used an experimental research with two variables, namely independent variables (computer-based teaching materials) and dependent variable (student learning outcomes). The research design used Control Group Pre-Test-Post-Test. To know the level of significance of the influence of computer-based teaching materials on the students’ learning achievement used t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means. The result of pretest hypothesis test on homogeneity test obtained Fhitung = 1.10 and Ftable = 1.72 so Fcount <Ftable. This means that the initial value is homogeneously distributed. Thus, based on the initial scores of students' abilities the experimental and control groups are almost equal. In the pretest significance shown that the experimental group and the control group was not significant with tcount = 1.839 and ttable = 2.028 so that tcal < = 0.01. This means thitung was a = 0.05, and ttable = 2.39 for a ttabel.After held post-test as the end of activity obtained the correlation number was 0.618. If consulted with the table, then the number showed a high relationship. The result of t test was calculated = 12.652, whereas ttable = 2.028 for > = 0.01. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of computer-based teaching materials has a significant effect on students’ learning outcomes.a = 0,05 or a ttabel either real level.Keywords: teaching materials, computers, learning outcomes
c-Fos expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus after a single treatment with a typical haloperidol and nine atypical antipsychotics: a pilot study
Authors: Kiss Alexander 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Objective. The aim of the present study was to find out whether acute effect of different doses of selected antipsychotics including aripiprazole (ARI), amisulpride (AMI), asenapine (ASE), haloperidol (HAL), clozapine (CLO), risperidone (RIS), quetiapine (QUE), olanzapine (OLA), ziprasidone (ZIP), and paliperidone (PAL) may have a stimulatory impact on the c-Fos expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons.

Methods. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 280–300 g were used. They were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle or antipsychotics in the following doses (mg/kg of b.w.): ARI (1, 10, 30), AMI (10, 30), ASE (0.3), HAL (1.0, 2.0), CLO (10, 20), RIS (0.5, 2.0), QUE (10, 20), OLA (5, 10), ZIP (10, 30), and PAL (1.0). Ninety min later, the animals were anesthetized with Zoletil and Xylariem and sacrificed by a transcardial perfusion with 60 ml of saline containing 450 μl of heparin (5000 IU/l) followed by 250 ml of fixative containing 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB, pH 7.4). The brains were postfixed in a fresh fixative overnight, washed two times in 0.1 M PB, infiltrated with 30% sucrose for 2 days at 4 °C, frozen at −80 °C for 120 min, and cut into 30 μm thick serial coronal sections at −16 °C. c-Fos profiles were visualized by nickel intensified DAB immunohistochemistry and examined under Axio-Imager A1 (Zeiss) light microscope.

Results. From ten sorts of antipsychotics tested, only six (ARI-10, CLO-10 and CLO-20, HAL-2, AMI-30, OLA-10, RIS-2 mg/kg b.w.) induced distinct c-Fos expression in the PVN. The antipsychotics predominantly targeted the medial parvocellular subdivision of the PVN.

Conclusions. The present pilot study revealed c-Fos expression increase predominantly in the PVN medial parvocellular subdivision neurons by action of only several sorts of antipsychotics tested indicating that this structure of the brain does not represent a common extra-striatal target area for all antipsychotics.
The influence of foliar fertilizers on the quality and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Gajc-Wolska Janina , Mazur Katarzyna , Niedzińska Monika , Kowalczyk Katarzyna , Żołnierczyk Paweł 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Optimal feeding of field-grown plants is thought to be a key factor modifying their growth and development. Natural biostimulants, foliar fertilizers and plant growth regulators have been applied in horticultural production; however, their effect varies depending on the plant species treated, and those have been mainly cucumber, tomato, pepper, potato, and melon. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of preparations produced through nanotechnology on the yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper grown under cover. The experiment comprised plants grown in three different combinations: combination I (plants treated with 2 kg ha−1 Nano Active); combination II (plants treated with 1% Nano Active Forte + 4 kg ha−1 Nano Active Forte + 2 kg ha−1 Nano Active, a single treatment carried out at the initial stage of fruit formation); and combination III (the control, where all plants were sprayed with water).
The obtained results showed that Nano Active Forte foliar treatment of sweet pepper plants significantly increased fruit yield in protected cultivation. Supplementation with foliar fertilizers modified the fruit chemical composition. Application of the Nano Active Forte preparation led to an increase in dry matter content as well as in the concentrations of total sugars, vitamin C and carotenoids. Applications of Nano Active Forte and Nano Active enhanced the potassium and phosphorus contents, while the concentrations of nitrates and calcium remained at the same level regardless of the preparations used.