bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of structurally entangled protein dimers
Authors: Zhao Yani , Cieplak Marek 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe studied stretching, folding and thermodynamic properties of structurally entangled protein dimers. The tests for entanglement involve four‐terminal pulling. We study the dynamics of such pulling and contrast it with the standard two‐terminal one. The two‐chain entanglement is qualitatively characterized by its entangled core, which is defined as the minimal structure that is entangled. The existence of the entangled cores is found to be affecting both the mechanical and folding properties of the proteins. We also show that the folding pathways of the entangled proteins are not universal but the bottleneck is always the formation of the entangled conformation. We demonstrate that entanglement enhances thermodynamic stability.
Revisiting the “parallel lives” thesis: Neighbourhood attachment and residential integration of ethnic minorities in England
Authors: Wang Senhu , Ramsden Mark 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent debates about the failures of multiculturalism have questioned whether ethnic minorities gradually integrate into the British society or instead lead “parallel lives” in segregated communities. Using nationally representative data (2011–2012), we contribute to the debate by investigating the associations between ethnic minority neighbourhood attachment and neighbourhood ethnic composition. Our results show that although all ethnic minorities report higher neighbourhood attachment than White British as local share of coethnics increases, the associations are not significant. However, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, and Indians do report significantly weaker neighbourhood attachment than do White British as the local share of White British increases. Importantly, we find that these patterns are particularly pronounced for second‐generation Pakistanis and Bangladeshis as compared with their first‐generation counterparts. These findings suggest that ethnic residential mixing does not automatically imply residential integration and there may be a risk of increasing ethnic segregation among the younger generations of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis.
Experiences of migration, parent–child interaction, and the life satisfaction of children in Ghana and China
Authors: Wu Qiaobing , Cebotari Victor 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study is a pioneer effort to comparatively examine how the life satisfaction of children is influenced by their experiences of migration and by their interactions with parents in two geographical contexts: Ghana and China. It also provides evidence of how these relationships differ across gender groups in the two countries. This study uses survey data collected in 2010 and 2013 from school children and youths aged 11–20 in Ghana (N = 1,622) and China (N = 2,171), respectively. Results indicate that children (a) who previously migrated but returned and currently live with both parents and (b) who currently stay behind and have no previous migration experience are generally less likely to be satisfied with life. On the other hand, greater resilience in the outcome is associated with emotional support from parents. Also, there is suggestive evidence that Chinese girls are more vulnerable to the effects of parental migration and of being, at one point of life, migrant themselves. This evidence is not replicated among Chinese boys. In Ghana, girls of migrant parents without a personal migration experience and boys in non‐migrant families who returned from abroad show some degree of vulnerability when assessing their life satisfaction. These findings add nuance to a field of research that has yet to conceptualise the complexity of children's experiences with migration and the way this complexity associates with child well‐being.
In vitro and in vivo metabolic profiles of fasiglifam using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography combined with Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Jin‐Qi , Li Jie , Wang Jia‐Feng , Zhang Shu‐han , He Dan , Yong Rong‐Sheng , She Shu‐Ya 
Published: May 2018

RationaleFasiglifam is an orally available and selective partial agonist of hGPR40 receptor, which was unexpectedly terminated at phase III clinical trials due to its severe hepatotoxicity. To fully understand the mechanism of action of fasiglifam, it is necessary to investigate its in vitro and in vivo metabolic profiles.MethodsFor in vitro metabolism, fasiglifam was incubated with rat or human liver microsomes in the presence of β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate tetrasodium salt, glutathione (GSH) and uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid trisodium salt for 60 min. For in vivo metabolism, fasiglifam was orally administered to rats at a single dose of 20 mg/kg and the bile was collected. In vitro and in vivo samples were analyzed by the developed ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography combined with Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. The structures of metabolites were proposed according to their accurate masses and fragment ions.ResultsA total of eight metabolites, including an acyl‐GSH adduct, were detected and identified. M1 (acylglucuronide) and M5 (carboxylic acid derivative) were the major metabolites of fasiglifam. Metabolic pathways of fasiglifam involved oxygenation, oxidative dealkylation, dehydrogenation, glucuronidation and GSH conjugation. Fasiglifam may undergo metabolic bioactivation via acylglucuronide.ConclusionsOxidative dealkylation and glucuronidation were the predominant metabolic pathways of fasiglifam in vitro and in vivo. Metabolic bioactivation via acylglucuronide may be the perpetrator of its hepatotoxicity. Our findings would be helpful in understanding the disposition of fasiglifam as well as its hepatotoxicity.
Robotic left colectomy with complete mesocolectomy for splenic flexure and descending colon cancer, compared with a laparoscopic procedure
Authors: Kim Jin Cheon , Lee Jong Lyul , Yoon Yong Sik , Kim Chan Wook , Park In Ja , Lim Seok‐Byeong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundIts relatively low incidence and its surgical complexity mean that a standardized technique for left colectomy has not yet been established for splenic flexure and descending colon cancer (SF‐DCC).MethodsSeventy‐three patients (robot‐assisted left colectomy with complete mesocolectomy [R‐LCCM], n = 20; laparoscopic left colectomy with complete mesocolectomy [L‐LCCM], n = 53) with SF‐DCC were enrolled at the Asan Medical Center (Seoul, Korea).ResultsR‐LCCM conveniently enables dexterous dissection for the multi‐directional approaches during left mesocolic mobilization. A conversion to open surgery was required in two patients of the L‐LCCM group, but not in the R‐LCCM group. A positive circumferential resection margin was exclusively identified in two patients in the L‐LCCM group. Mean lymph node harvest was 21 with no difference between the two groups.ConclusionsAlthough R‐LCCM provided few remarkable advantages over L‐LCCM, it could be considered as an efficient approach in patients with SF‐DCC.
Anxiety sensitivity mediates the relationship between exercise frequency and anxiety and depression symptomology
Authors: Broman‐Fulks Joshua J. , Abraham Chelsea M. , Thomas Kelsey , Canu Will H. , Nieman David C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of regular physical exercise have been well documented, though the mechanisms through which exercise alleviates symptoms of emotion disorders require further investigation. Mounting research indicates that exercise reduces anxiety sensitivity, a known vulnerability factor for the development and maintenance of psychological disorders, presumably via repeated exposure to feared somatic sensations. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether anxiety sensitivity mediates the relation between exercise frequency and symptoms of anxiety and depression. A large community sample of 955 volunteers completed a demographic questionnaire, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index‐3, and the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18. Exercise frequency significantly predicted anxiety sensitivity, anxiety, depression, and somatization scores. Mediation analyses indicated that anxiety sensitivity mediated the association between exercise frequency and anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms. The findings provide further support for the association between exercise and negative affective states and suggest that anxiety sensitivity may be one mechanism through which exercise reduces emotional disorder symptomology. The implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.
The impact of living with morbid obesity on psychological need frustration: A study with bariatric patients
Authors: Megías Ángel , González‐Cutre David , Beltrán‐Carrillo Vicente J. , Gomis‐Díaz José M. , Cervelló Eduardo , Bartholomew Kimberley J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGuided by self‐determination theory, the purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the previous experiences of living with morbid obesity of 10 postbariatric patients enrolled in a physical activity programme. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and diarized observations. A thematic analysis revealed that participants suffered from health and mobility troubles in their daily life and experienced stigmatization and discrimination in most areas of their social functioning. Participants described how these experiences resulted in the thwarting of their basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness. In turn, psychological need frustration contributed to negative consequences such as body image concerns, low self‐esteem, anxiety and depression; controlled regulation of their eating behaviour and extrinsic goals; rigid behaviours such as avoiding social situations; and compensatory and self‐defeating behaviours such as giving up diet and physical activity regimens and binge eating (i.e., oppositional defiance). This study highlights how living with morbid obesity can impair optimal functioning and well‐being via experiences of psychological need frustration.
Chitosan Hydrogels and Bionanocomposites Formed through the Mineralization and Regulated Charging
Authors: Postnova Irina , Silant'ev Vladimir , Sarin Sergei , Shchipunov Yury 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe account presents survey of our systematic studies on chitosan. Only this polysaccharide bears cationic charges, possesses antimicrobial activity and wound healing ability that make it highly appropriate for using in medicine, biomedical engineering, cosmetics, food, packaging. However, its application meets with severe limitation. Chitosan belongs to polysaccharides that do not jellify solutions. Main approaches are based on the chemical modifications and cross‐linking, but these treatments impairs therewith the biocompatibility and biological activity of chitosan. We have developed approaches in which monolithic hydrogels are fabricated via the mineralization of polysaccharide by method of green sol‐gel chemistry and via the formation of polyelectrolyte complex with oppositely charged counterparts in the regime of its charging by means of regulated acidification. The latter approach was also extended for the preparation of chitosan bionanocomposites and films with nanoparticles.
Yes, not now, or never: an analysis of reasons for refusing or accepting emergency department-based take-home naloxone
Authors: Kestler Andrew , Giesler Amanda , Buxton Jane , Meckling Gray , Lee Michelle , Hunte Garth , Wilkins Jacob , Marks Dalya , Scheuermeyer Frank 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTake-home naloxone (THN) reduces deaths from opioid overdose. To increase THN distribution to at-risk emergency department (ED) patients, we explored reasons for patients’ refusing or accepting THN.MethodsIn an urban teaching hospital ED, we identified high opioid overdose risk patients according to pre-specified criteria. We offered eligible patients THN and participation in researcher-administered surveys, which inquired about reasons to refuse or accept THN and about THN dispensing location preferences. We analyzed refusal and acceptance reasons in open-ended responses, grouped reasons into categories (absolute versus conditional refusals,) then searched for associations between patient characteristics and reasons.ResultsOf 247 patients offered THN, 193 (78.1%) provided reasons for their decision. Of those included, 69 (35.2%) were female, 91 (47.2%) were under age 40, 61 (31.6%) were homeless, 144 (74.6%) reported injection drug use (IDU), and 131 (67.9%) accepted THN. Of 62 patients refusing THN, 19 (30.7%) felt “not at risk” for overdose, while 28 (45.2%) gave conditional refusal reasons: “too sick,” “in a rush,” or preference to get THN elsewhere. Non-IDU was associated with stating “not at risk,” while IDU, homelessness, and age under 40 were associated with conditional refusals. Among acceptances, 86 (65.7%) mentioned saving others as a reason. Most respondents preferred other dispensing locations beside the ED, whether or not they accepted ED THN.ConclusionED patients refusing THN felt “not at risk” for overdose or felt their ED visit was not the right time or place for THN. Most accepting THN wanted to save others.
Rigidity of volume-minimising hypersurfaces in Riemannian 5-manifolds
Authors: MENDES ABRAÃO 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper we generalise the main result of [4] for manifolds that are not necessarily Einstein. In fact, we obtain an upper bound for the volume of a locally volume-minimising closed hypersurface Σ of a Riemannian 5-manifold M with scalar curvature bounded from below by a positive constant in terms of the total traceless Ricci curvature of Σ. Furthermore, if Σ saturates the respective upper bound and M has nonnegative Ricci curvature, then Σ is isometric to 𝕊4 up to scaling and M splits in a neighbourhood of Σ. Also, we obtain a rigidity result for the Riemannian cover of M when Σ minimises the volume in its homotopy class and saturates the upper bound.
Simulation of Core Phases From Coda Interferometry
Authors: Wu Benjun , Xia Han Hank , Wang Tao , Shi Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe extraction of core phases through seismic interferometry is important for exploring the seismic structure of the Earth's inner core because it can provide an unprecedented data coverage. However, low signal‐to‐noise ratios and uncertainties in phase arrivals hinder the application of seismic interferometry. With three arrays from the China Regional Seismic Network, South America, and the western United States, we simulate coda interferometry using the one‐dimensional synthetic coda of large earthquakes (magnitude ≥ 7.0) from 2005 to 2012. Compared with the cross correlations of real coda (10,000–40,000 s after earthquakes), the similarities among the simulated waveforms of the core phases (PKIKP, PKIIKP, PKPab, PKIKP2, and PKIIKP2) indicate that reverberations at first‐order discontinuities constitute the major source for coda interferometry. Relative to synthesized Green's functions, the core phases derived from coda interferometry provide reliable phase information but varying amplitudes. In particular, the slownesses are generally consistent with the theoretical calculations, thereby confirming the extracted phases. The simulations prefer the 15‐ to 50‐s period band and indicate that the earthquake distribution has an insignificant effect on the retrieval of core phases at small distances (0–8°). Coda interferometry is scarcely affected by white noise, but it is influenced by the attenuation of the inner core. Experiments on focal mechanisms further suggest that coda signals from dip‐slip earthquakes mainly contribute to the reconstruction of the core phases (except for the simulated PKPab).
A Holistic View of Water Management Impacts on Future Droughts: A Global Multimodel Analysis
Authors: Wan Wenhua , Zhao Jianshi , Li Hong‐Yi , Mishra Ashok , Hejazi Mohamad , Lu Hui , Demissie Yonas , Wang Hao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the impacts of climate change and water management including agricultural irrigation, water withdrawal, and reservoir regulation on future meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts and their connections. The analysis is based on the simulations from four global hydrological models forced with the projections from five global climate models for historical period 1971–2000 and future period 2070–2099 with and without water management. Three unified drought indices, the standardized precipitation index, standardized soil moisture index, and standardized streamflow index, are adopted to represent the meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts, respectively. The analysis suggests that the climate‐induced drought changes in all three types of droughts are enhanced but in different directions, while water‐management‐induced changes in agricultural and hydrological droughts are more consistent across space and simulations. Overall, water management activities reduce both the duration and intensity of agricultural droughts by roughly 1 order of magnitude, while increase those of hydrological droughts by up to 50%. Basin‐scale analysis reveals that the higher is the intensity of irrigation, the larger will be the water‐management‐induced drought changes. Due to water management activities at some regions, the return periods of extreme agricultural droughts (in terms of severity) can change from 100 to 300 years or even longer, while typical 100‐year hydrological droughts are likely to occur more often for the regions located in 25°N–40°N and 15°S–50°S. This study provides a global view on drought modification in the Anthropocene, which will help improve adaptation strategies for future droughts.
Strong Linkage of El Niño–Southern Oscillation to the Polar Cold Air Mass in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Abdillah Muhammad Rais , Kanno Yuki , Iwasaki Toshiki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe total hemispheric polar cold air mass (PCAM) amount below a threshold potential temperature is conserved under an adiabatic condition and is a good indicator of polar warming. While the long‐term PCAM trends have been investigated, the cause of its interannual variability remains uncertain. Here we find that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation has a strong impact on the total northern hemispheric PCAM amount below a potential temperature of 280 K. The correlation coefficient between the Niño‐3.4 and the total PCAM reaches −0.66 over 36 recent winters. During El Niño, the PCAM decreases significantly because of the shorter PCAM residence time at high latitudes. The Aleutian Low intensifies and effectively transfers the PCAM from North America to the North Pacific, causing a significant decrease in the PCAM amount over the northern part of North America and a strengthening of cold air outflows over the central North Pacific. The PCAM coming to the warm ocean disappears rapidly and results in the imbalance of the hemispheric PCAM. This study reveals a notable influence of the tropical forcing on the variability of polar climate.
Laser Remote Magnetometry Using Mesospheric Sodium
Authors: Kane Thomas J. , Hillman Paul D. , Denman Craig A. , Hart Michael , Phillip Scott R. , Purucker Michael E. , Potashnik S. J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe have demonstrated a remote magnetometer based on sodium atoms in the Earth's mesosphere, at a 106‐km distance from our instrument. A 1.33‐watt laser illuminated the atoms, and the magnetic field was inferred from backscattered light collected by a telescope with a 1.55‐m‐diameter aperture. We theoretically predict a shot noise limited measurement sensitivity of
. The measured sensitivity was
due to a smaller returned intensity and smaller resonance strength than expected. The value of magnetic field inferred from our measurement is consistent with several models of the Earth's field shape to within a fraction of a percent. Projected improvements in optics, plus the use of advanced lasers or a large telescope, could result in
sensitivity.
Ionospheric Electron Content During Solar Cycle 23
Authors: Solomon Stanley C. , Qian Liying , Mannucci Anthony J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe solar minimum period between solar cycles 23 and 24 has generated extensive study, in part because the changes in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere were so dramatic. Thermospheric density during 2008–2009, at the benchmark 400‐km altitude, was shown to be approximately 30% lower than the previous solar minimum during 1996, in observations and in model simulations. Ionospheric densities were also estimated to be lower, by 10% to 20%. However, earlier analyses using data from the global network of Global Navigation Satellite System receivers did not find any significant reduction in global mean total electron content. Recent work reexamining those data using a limited set of receivers, but with consistent processing, identified a 19% reduction (Emmert et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023680). In this study, we compare model simulations of the thermosphere‐ionosphere system during the 2008–2009 solar minimum to its predecessor and estimate a 16% reduction in global mean total electron content. This is consistent with the neutral thermosphere density change seen in model simulations and in satellite drag observations. In the model simulations, the primary driver is a 10% reduction in solar extreme ultraviolet irradiance, with a smaller contribution from lower geomagnetic activity, and a very small decrement due to increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Assessment of the Impact of Solar Spectral Irradiance on Near‐Infrared Clear‐Sky Atmospheric Absorption and Heating Rates
Authors: Menang Kaah P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the near infrared (near IR), differences in both the absolute level and spectral resolution of available observation‐based solar spectral irradiances (SSI) are very significant. In this paper, a very high‐resolution line‐by‐line radiative transfer model has been used to investigate the effect of the differences in the absolute level of SSI on the clear‐sky total absorbed solar irradiance and solar heating rates in the near IR from 4,000 to 10,000 cm−1 (2.5–1 μm), for a midlatitude summer atmosphere. Absorption calculated using observed SSI from the surface, aircraft, and satellite are between 2 and 8% lower than that for the widely used ATmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS) 3 spectrum. Tropospheric and stratospheric heating rates produce by these spectra are also lower than that produced by the ATLAS 3 spectrum by about 3–9% and 4–11%, respectively. However, there is a closer agreement between near IR absorbed irradiances and heating rates computed using two most recent observed spectra. That notwithstanding, it is recommended that the uncertainty in the choice of the SSI in near IR radiative transfer modeling should be quantified.