bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charge‐Carrier Dynamics, Mobilities, and Diffusion Lengths of 2D–3D Hybrid Butylammonium–Cesium–Formamidinium Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Buizza Leonardo R. V. , Crothers Timothy W. , Wang Zhiping , Patel Jay B. , Milot Rebecca L. , Snaith Henry J. , Johnston Michael B. , Herz Laura M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have improved dramatically over the past decade, increasing in efficiency and gradually overcoming hurdles of temperature‐ and humidity‐induced instability. Materials that combine high charge‐carrier lifetimes and mobilities, strong absorption, and good crystallinity of 3D perovskites with the hydrophobic properties of 2D perovskites have become particularly promising candidates for use in solar cells. In order to fully understand the optoelectronic properties of these 2D–3D hybrid systems, the hybrid perovskite BAx(FA0.83Cs0.17)1‐xPb(I0.6Br0.4)3 is investigated across the composition range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8. Small amounts of butylammonium (BA) are found that help to improve crystallinity and appear to passivate grain boundaries, thus reducing trap‐mediated charge‐carrier recombination and enhancing charge‐carrier mobilities. Excessive amounts of BA lead to poor crystallinity and inhomogeneous film formation, greatly reducing effective charge‐carrier mobility. For low amounts of BA, the benevolent effects of reduced recombination and enhanced mobilities lead to charge‐carrier diffusion lengths up to 7.7 µm for x = 0.167. These measurements pave the way for highly efficient, highly stable PSCs and other optoelectronic devices based on 2D–3D hybrid materials.
Combined High Catalytic Activity and Efficient Polar Tubular Nanostructure in Urchin‐Like Metallic NiCo2Se4 for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chaoqi , Biendicho Jordi Jacas , Zhang Ting , Du Ruifeng , Li Junshan , Yang Xuhui , Arbiol Jordi , Zhou Yingtang , Morante Joan Ramon , Cabot Andreu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUrchin‐shaped NiCo2Se4 (u‐NCSe) nanostructures as efficient sulfur hosts are synthesized to overcome the limitations of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). u‐NCSe provides a beneficial hollow structure to relieve volumetric expansion, a superior electrical conductivity to improve electron transfer, a high polarity to promote absorption of lithium polysulfides (LiPS), and outstanding electrocatalytic activity to accelerate LiPS conversion kinetics. Owing to these excellent qualities as cathode for LSBs, S@u‐NCSe delivers outstanding initial capacities up to 1403 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and retains 626 mAh g−1 at 5 C with exceptional rate performance. More significantly, a very low capacity decay rate of only 0.016% per cycle is obtained after 2000 cycles at 3 C. Even at high sulfur loading (3.2 mg cm−2), a reversible capacity of 557 mAh g−1 is delivered after 600 cycles at 1 C. Density functional theory calculations further confirm the strong interaction between NCSe and LiPS, and cytotoxicity measurements prove the biocompatibility of NCSe. This work not only demonstrates that transition metal selenides can be promising candidates as sulfur host materials, but also provides a strategy for the rational design and the development of LSBs with long‐life and high‐rate electrochemical performance.
Cancer‐Targeting Nanoparticles for Combinatorial Nucleic Acid Delivery
Authors: Vaughan Hannah J. , Green Jordan J. , Tzeng Stephany Y. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNucleic acids are a promising type of therapeutic for the treatment of a wide range of conditions, including cancer, but they also pose many delivery challenges. For efficient and safe delivery to cancer cells, nucleic acids must generally be packaged into a vehicle, such as a nanoparticle, that will allow them to be taken up by the target cells and then released in the appropriate cellular compartment to function. As with other types of therapeutics, delivery vehicles for nucleic acids must also be designed to avoid unwanted side effects; thus, the ability of such carriers to target their cargo to cancer cells is crucial. Classes of nucleic acids, hurdles that must be overcome for effective intracellular delivery, types of nonviral nanomaterials used as delivery vehicles, and the different strategies that can be employed to target nucleic acid delivery specifically to tumor cells are discussed. Additonally, nanoparticle designs that facilitate multiplexed delivery of combinations of nucleic acids are reviewed.
Realizing 22.5% External Quantum Efficiency for Solution‐Processed Thermally Activated Delayed‐Fluorescence OLEDs with Red Emission at 622 nm via a Synergistic Strategy of Molecular Engineering and Host Selection
Authors: Zeng Weixuan , Zhou Tao , Ning Weimin , Zhong Cheng , He Jiawei , Gong Shaolong , Xie Guohua , Yang Chuluo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDeveloping high‐efficiency solution‐processable thermally activated delayed‐fluorescence (TADF) emitters, especially in longer wavelength regions, is a formidable challenge. Three red TADF emitters, namely NAI_R1, NAI_R2, and NAI_R3, are developed by phenyl encapsulation and tert‐butyl substitution on a prototypical 1,8‐naphthalimide‐acridine hybrid. This design strategy not only grants these molecules high solubility, excellent thermal stability, and good film‐forming ability, but also pulls down their charge‐transfer (CT) energy levels excited states. Furthermore, dispersing these emitters into two different host materials of mCP and mCPCN finely tailors their CT‐state energy levels. More importantly, a synergistic combination of molecular engineering and host selection can effectively manipulate the competition between the radiative and nonradiative decay rates of the CT singlet states of these emitters and the reverse intersystem crossing from their triplet to singlet states. Consequently, the optimal combination of NAI_R3 emitter and mCP host successfully results in a state‐of‐the‐art external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.5% for solution‐processed red TADF organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with an emission peak above 620 nm. This finding demonstrates that a synergistic strategy of molecular engineering and host selection with TADF emitters could provide a new pathway for developing efficient solution‐processable TADF systems.
Spontaneous Formation of Nanocrystals in Amorphous Matrix: Alternative Pathway to Bright Emission in Quasi‐2D Perovskites
Authors: Liu Fangzhou , Chan Christopher Chang Sing , Ma Chao , Tam Ho Won , Leung Tik Lun , Lin Jingyang , Djurišić Aleksandra B. , Wong Kam Sing , Popović Jasminka , Ng Alan Man Ching , Chan Wai Kin , Chen Wei , He Zhubing , Adesina Ayotunde Emmanuel , Foo Yishu , Zapien Juan Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSignificant enhancement of the light emission in Ruddlesden–Popper organic–inorganic halide perovskites is obtained by antisolvent induced spontaneous formation of nanocrystals in an amorphous matrix. This morphology change results in the passivation of defects and significant enhancement of light emission and 16 times higher photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), and it is applicable to different spacer cations. The use of trioctylphosphine oxide results in further defect passivation leading to an increase in PLQY (≈2.3 times), the suppression of lower energy emission in low temperature photoluminescence spectra, the dominance of radiative recombination, and the disappearance of thermal quenching of the luminescence. The proposed method offers a reproducible, controllable, and antisolvent‐insensitive alternative to energy landscape engineering to utilize energy funneling phenomenon to achieve bright emission. Instead of facilitating fast energy transfer from lower to higher number of perovskite sheets to prevent nonradiative losses, it is demonstrated that defects can be effectively passivated via morphology control and the use of a passivating agent, so that bright emission can be obtained from single phase nanocrystals embedded in amorphous matrix, resulting in light emitting diodes with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 2.25%.
Potassium tert‐Butoxide‐Promoted Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wu Kaikai , Wang Liandi , Yu Zhengkun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPotassium tert‐butoxide‐promoted acceptorless dehydrogenation of N‐heterocycles was efficiently realized for the generation of N‐heteroarenes and hydrogen gas under transition‐metal‐free conditions. In the presence of KOtBu base, a variety of six‐ and five‐membered N‐heterocyclic compounds efficiently underwent acceptorless dehydrogenation to afford the corresponding N‐heteroarenes and H2 gas in o‐xylene at 140 °C. The present protocol provides a convenient route to aromatic nitrogen‐containing compounds and H2 gas.magnified image
Targeted Delivery of an siRNA/PNA Hybrid Nanocomplex Reverses Carbon Tetrachloride‐Induced Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Jain Akshay , Barve Ashutosh , Zhao Zhen , Fetse John Peter , Liu Hao , Li Yuanke , Cheng Kun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLiver fibrosis is a wound healing process marked by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver. A poly(rC)‐binding protein 2 (PCBP2) siRNA that reverses fibrogenesis in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) has been recently discovered. However, targeted delivery of siRNAs to HSCs still remains a daunting challenge. Herein, a new strategy is developed to fabricate a multicomponent nanocomplex using siRNA/peptide nucleic acid (PNA) hybrid instead of chemically conjugated siRNA, thus increasing the scalability and feasibility of the siRNA nanocomplex for animal studies. The nanocomplex is modified with an insulin growth factor 2 receptor ‐specific peptide, which specifically binds to activated HSCs. The siRNA nanocomplex demonstrates a controllable size, high serum stability, and high cellular uptake in activated HSCs in vitro and in vivo. Anti‐fibrotic activity of the siRNA nanocomplex is evaluated in rats with carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver fibrosis. Treatment with the PCBP2 siRNA nanocomplex significantly inhibits the mRNA expressions of PCBP2 and type I collagen in fibrotic liver. The histology study reveals that the siRNA nanocomplex efficiently reduces the protein level of type I collagen and reverses liver fibrosis. The data suggests that the nanocomplex efficiently delivers the siRNA to fibrotic liver and produces a potent anti‐fibrotic effect.
Clinical practice guideline for cognitive impairment of cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Peng Dantao ,   Geriatric Neurology Group, Chinese Society of Geriatrics,   Clinical Practice Guideline for Cognitive Impairment of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Writing Group
Published: June 2019

AbstractCognitive impairment of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the most common cognitive disorders. It has a high incidence and results in heavy social burden; thus, it is essential to provide reasonable diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. Based on the results of clinical research and related reports, combined with the actual situation in China, we propose a diagnosis and treatment guideline for cognitive impairment of CSVD.
Iron and oxidizing species in oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhao Zhongwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIron species can participate in the Fenton or Fenton‐like reaction to generate oxidizing species that can cause oxidative damages to biomolecules and induce oxidative stress in the body. Furthermore, iron accumulation and oxidative stress have been shown to associate with the pathological progression of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In this review, the role of iron species in generating the most deleterious free radical species (ie, hydroxyl radical) and effects of this species in causing oxidative stress in vivo are described. The implications of oxidative stress and the recently recognized cell death pathway (ie, ferroptosis) to AD are addressed. Strategies to combat this neurodegenerative disease, such as iron chelation and antioxidant therapies, and future research directions on this aspect are also discussed.
Costello syndrome: Clinical phenotype, genotype, and management guidelines
Authors: Gripp Karen W. , Morse Lindsey A. , Axelrad Marni , Chatfield Kathryn C. , Chidekel Aaron , Dobyns William , Doyle Daniel , Kerr Bronwyn , Lin Angela E. , Schwartz David D. , Sibbles Barbara J. , Siegel Dawn , Shankar Suma P. , Stevenson David A. , Thacker Mihir M. , Weaver K. Nicole , White Sue M. , Rauen Katherine A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCostello syndrome (CS) is a RASopathy caused by activating germline mutations in HRAS. Due to ubiquitous HRAS gene expression, CS affects multiple organ systems and individuals are predisposed to cancer. Individuals with CS may have distinctive craniofacial features, cardiac anomalies, growth and developmental delays, as well as dermatological, orthopedic, ocular, and neurological issues; however, considerable overlap with other RASopathies exists. Medical evaluation requires an understanding of the multifaceted phenotype. Subspecialists may have limited experience in caring for these individuals because of the rarity of CS. Furthermore, the phenotypic presentation may vary with the underlying genotype. These guidelines were developed by an interdisciplinary team of experts in order to encourage timely health care practices and provide medical management guidelines for the primary and specialty care provider, as well as for the families and affected individuals across their lifespan. These guidelines are based on expert opinion and do not represent evidence‐based guidelines due to the lack of data for this rare condition.
Oral health and diet of a young Late Pleistocene woman from Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Cucina Andrea , Herrera Atoche Ruben , Chatters James C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo increase understanding of the subsistence practices of the first Americans through analysis of the near‐complete dentition of a young woman dating to the terminal Pleistocene of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.Materials and MethodsThe skeleton is that of “Naia” a 15 to 17‐year‐old female from the submerged natural trap of Hoyo Negro found in association with remains of numerous extinct species of megafauna. Superbly preserved remains included the skull with 28 teeth, which are analyzed for evidence of caries, periodontal disease, wear patterns, and malocclusion.ResultsNaia exhibits a high frequency of dental caries, along with aggressive periodontal disease that threatened all her teeth, particularly her incisors. Dental attrition was extremely light for a hunter‐gatherer, reaching to four on the Molnar scale on only one tooth. Lack of wear is associated with severe mandibular retrognathia, and low masticatory forces.DiscussionNaia's dental condition is compared with that of other northern Paleoamericans, mostly females, dating before 11,000 cal BP. These exhibit a high degree of variability in both caries and tooth wear. All, however, exhibit rapid anterior wear owing to technological use of the front teeth. Naia exhibits the highest rate of caries, similar to that of the earliest South Americans, and one of the lowest rates of attrition. This demonstrates that she had a nonabrasive diet that was at least seasonally rich in carbohydrates. This does not mean her diet was low in meat, however, because similarly light dental attrition is seen in the Arch Lake female, a Paleoamerican from a big‐game hunting society.
Self‐Assembled Columnar Triazole Quartets: An Example of Synergistic Hydrogen‐Bonding/Anion–π Interactions
Authors: Zheng Shao‐Ping , Li Yu‐Hao , Jiang Ji‐Jun , van der Lee Arie , Dumitrescu Dan , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe self‐assembly of triazole amphiphiles was examined in solution, the solid state, and in bilayer membranes. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments show that stacked protonated triazole quartets (T4) are stabilized by multiple strong interactions with two anions. Hydrogen bonding/ion pairing of the anions are combined with anion–π recognition to produce columnar architectures. In bilayer membranes, low transport activity is observed when the T4 channels are operated as H+/X− translocators, but higher transport activity is observed for X− in the presence of the K+‐carrier valinomycin. These self‐assembled superstructures, presenting intriguing structural behaviors such as directionality, and strong anion encapsulation by hydrogen bonding supported by vicinal anion–π interactions can serve as artificial supramolecular channels for transporting anions across lipid bilayer membranes.
In Situ Coupling of Single Molecules Driven by Gold‐Catalyzed Electrooxidation
Authors: Zang Yaping , Stone Ilana , Inkpen Michael S. , Ng Fay , Lambert Tristan H. , Nuckolls Colin , Steigerwald Michael L. , Roy Xavier , Venkataraman Latha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA single‐molecule method has been developed based on the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to selectively couple a series of aniline derivatives and create azobenzenes. The Au‐catalyzed oxidative coupling is driven by the local electrochemical potential at the nanostructured Au STM tip. The products are detected in situ by measuring the conductance and molecular junction elongation and compared with analogous measurements of the expected azobenzene derivatives prepared ex situ. This single‐molecule approach is robust, and it can quickly and reproducibly create reactions for a variety of anilines. We further demonstrate the selective synthesis of geometric isomers and the assembly of complex molecular architectures by sequential coupling of complementary anilines, demonstrating unprecedented control over bond formation at the nanoscale.
Synthesis and property of end‐functionalized poly(cis‐1,4‐butadiene) and its application to rubber compound
Authors: Ozawa Yoichi , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThis article describes the successful quasi‐living polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene (BD) to high cis content butadiene rubber (HCBR) and the terminal functionalization of HCBR for application to rubber compound. A catalyst system based on neodymium carboxylate and organoaluminum compounds was prepared and employed to polymerize BD. Polymerization resulted in mostly proportional growth of molecular weight to the conversion while maintaining molecular weight distribution in relatively narrow range. The reactivity of chain end after the completion of polymerization was confirmed by comparing UV absorbance of polymers before and after the addition of chromophore compound to the unterminated polymerization mixture, as measured with size exclusion chromatography (SEC). A variety of functionalizing agents, which can provide end‐groups of polymer with potential affinity to silica surface, was explored. Among them, compounds with epoxy, ketone, and ketimine groups produced polymers with clear evidences of functionalization. The HCBR functionalized with epoxy‐containing alkoxysilane compound was tested in silica‐filled rubber compound and showed remarkable improvement of silica dispersity as seen by change of viscoelastic responses. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47985.
Role of the degree of acetalization on dynamic mechanical properties of polyvinyl butyral/carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Hoepfner Jean Carlos , Loos Marcio Rodrigo , Pezzin Sérgio Henrique 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn this work, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) nanocomposites reinforced with 0.1–1.0 wt % of pristine [carbon nanotube (CNT)] or oxidized (CNTO) multiwalled CNTs were synthesized via in situ polymerization. It was found that the presence of the reinforcement during the synthesis altered the degree of acetalization of PVB. Dynamic mechanical analyses showed that PVB nanocomposites containing 0.5 wt % of pristine CNT had the best adhesion factor, with increases of about 30% in the storage modulus. On the other hand, PVB/CNTO 1.0 wt % nanocomposites achieved the best reinforcement efficiency factor (“C” coefficient). It is concluded that the in situ polymerization improves dispersion and final properties of the nanocomposite only if the nanoparticles are able to form relevant interfacial interactions during the PVB synthesis. In addition, it was verified that the presence of CNT or CNTO altered the degree of acetalization of PVB, which strongly influences the final properties of the nanocomposites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48146.
Increased facial asymmetry in autism spectrum conditions is associated with symptom presentation
Authors: Boutrus Maryam , Gilani Syed Zulqarnain , Alvares Gail A. , Maybery Murray T. , Tan Diana Weiting , Mian Ajmal , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. 
Published: June 2019

A key research priority in the study of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) is the discovery of biological markers that may help to identify and elucidate etiologically distinct subgroups. One physical marker that has received increasing research attention is facial structure. Although there remains little consensus in the field, findings relating to greater facial asymmetry (FA) in ASC exhibit some consistency. As there is growing recognition of the importance of replicatory studies in ASC research, the aim of this study was to investigate the replicability of increased FA in autistic children compared to nonautistic peers. Using three‐dimensional photogrammetry, this study examined FA in 84 autistic children, 110 typically developing children with no family history of the condition, and 49 full siblings of autistic children. In support of previous literature, significantly greater depth‐wise FA was identified in autistic children relative to the two comparison groups. As a further investigation, increased lateral FA in autistic children was found to be associated with greater severity of ASC symptoms on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, second edition, specifically related to repetitive and restrictive behaviors. These outcomes provide an important and independent replication of increased FA in ASC, as well as a novel contribution to the field. Having confirmed the direction and areas of increased FA in ASC, these findings could motivate a search for potential underlying brain dysmorphogenesis. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1774–1783. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study looked at the amount of facial asymmetry (FA) in autistic children compared to typically developing children and children who have siblings with autism. The study found that autistic children, compared to the other two groups, had greater FA, and that increased FA was related to greater severity of autistic symptoms. The face and brain grow together during the earliest stages of development, and so findings of facial differences in autism might inform future studies of early brain differences associated with the condition.
Instandsetzung und Ertüchtigung der Vogelsangbrücke in Esslingen am Neckar
Authors: Händler Kai , Walz Marcus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDie Instandsetzungsarbeiten an der Vogelsangbrücke in Esslingen am Neckar stellen die ausführenden Unternehmen vor besondere Herausforderungen. Neben der Instandsetzung der geschädigten Bereiche ist zudem noch eine Verstärkung des Tragwerks notwendig. Da es sich um eine Hauptverkehrsverbindung zwischen zwei Stadtteilen der Stadt Esslingen handelt und neben dem Neckar und der Bundestraße B 10 auch Gleise der Deutschen Bahn überquert werden, sind besondere Anforderungen an den Bauablauf gestellt. Die Arbeiten an der Vogelsangbrücke müssen die weitere Nutzung der Brücke während das Bauablaufs gewährleisten. Zudem muss die Beeinträchtigung des Schiffs‐ und Bahnverkehrs während des Bauablaufs auf ein Minimum reduziert bzw. vollständig vermieden werden. Dafür sind neben der Optimierung des Bauablaufs zahlreiche Schutzmaßnahmen notwendig.