bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compositional elucidation of heavy petroleum base oil by GC × GC‐EI/PI/CI/FI‐TOFMS
Authors: Giri Anupam , Coutriade Marion , Racaud Amandine , Stefanuto Pierre‐Hugues , Okuda Koji , Dane John , Cody Robert B. , Focant Jean‐François 
Published: December 2018

AbstractComprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry is a powerful separation tool for complex petroleum product analysis. However, the most commonly used electron ionization (EI) technique often makes the identification of the majority of hydrocarbons impossible due to the exhaustive fragmentation and lack of molecular ion preservation, prompting the need of soft‐ionization energies. In this study, three different soft‐ionization techniques including photo ionization (PI), chemical ionization (CI), and field ionization (FI) were compared against EI to elucidate their relative capabilities to reveal different base oil hydrocarbon classes. Compared with EI (70 eV), PI (10.8 eV) retained significant molecular ion (M+·) information for a large number of isomeric species including branched‐alkanes and saturated monocyclic hydrocarbons along with unique fragmentation patterns. However, for bicyclic/polycyclic naphthenic and aromatic compounds, EI played upper hand by retaining molecular as well as fragment ions to identify the species, whereas PI exhibited mainly molecular ion signals. On the other hand, CI revealed selectivity towards different base oil groups, particularly for steranes, sulfur‐containing thiophenes, and esters, yielding protonated molecular ions (M + H)+ for unsaturated and hydride abstracted ions (M‐H+) for saturated hydrocarbons. FI, as expected, generated intact molecular ions (M+·) irrespective to the base oil chemical classes. It allowed elemental composition by TOFMS with a mass resolving power up to 8000 (FWHM) and a mass accuracy of 1 mDa, leading to the calculation of heteroatomic content, double bond equivalency, and carbon number of the compounds. The qualitative and quantitative results presented herein offer a unique perspective into the detailed comparison of different ionization techniques corresponding to several hydrocarbon classes.
Study of dry‐ and wet‐process amorphous arsenic sulfides: Synthesis, Raman reference spectra, and identification in historical art materials
Authors: Vermeulen Marc , Palka Karel , Vlček Miroslav , Sanyova Jana 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper reports the dry and wet synthetic procedures and characterization by Raman spectroscopy of amorphous arsenic sulfide reference pigments. Reference spectra of two amorphous materials obtained by wet process methods and four dry process references of amorphous arsenic sulfide pigments of known composition are presented and discussed.While all materials present a main band characteristic for the amorphous pigment centered on 341 cm−1, additional small contributions indicate the presence of sulfur, arsenic oxide, and crystalline nano phases embedded in the amorphous matrix. Although only the broad 341‐cm−1 peak is necessary to identify the arsenic sulfide as an amorphous material, the smaller additional features allow for the characterization of the various manufacturing processes and initial materials used. In ideal conditions, these small features also enable to assess the As/S ratio of the studied amorphous arsenic sulfide pigments based on their relative intensity. In this context, the latter reference spectra were used to characterize the amorphous arsenic sulfide pigments and their arsenic to sulfur elemental composition in four 18th‐ to 20th‐century historical samples and compared with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray semiquantitative analyses. The identification of the amorphous arsenic sulfide used in these historical samples was compared with the description of the manufacturing processes reported in historical sources of the time, allowing for a better understanding of the evolution of the amorphous arsenic sulfide pigments manufacturing methods.
Arachnoid cysts of the internal auditory canal: An underappreciated entity?
Authors: Ungar Omer J. , Franck Madeline , Nadol Joseph B. , Santos Felipe 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe the histopathologic findings and clinical presentation of arachnoid cysts (ACs) within the human temporal bone.Study DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.MethodsAn analysis of all medical records of patients diagnosed with an AC was performed. Temporal bones underwent standard processing for histologic examination. The slides were examined by light microscopy. The histologic findings were compared to premortem clinical data.ResultsTwenty‐seven ACs were identified in 22 patients. Twenty ears (74%) had no identified risk factor for AC development. The median volume was 12.8 mm3. The most prevalent location of the ACs was at the fundus (16 ACs) followed by the middle portion of the internal auditory canal (IAC) (six ACs). Nine ACs were asymptomatic. Among the 18 symptomatic ACs, the most common presentation was sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (94%), followed by tinnitus (22%). The most affected structure was the cochlear nerve (59%), followed by the vestibular nerve (41%). The average hearing threshold was of moderately severe SNHL and speech discrimination was in the range of 50% on monosyllabic word tests. The median time interval from initial presentation to death was 12 years. No correlation was found between duration of symptoms and AC volume.ConclusionsAC of the IAC is not uncommon. Its presentation is variable, ranging from asymptomatic to SNHL, with poor speech discrimination, tinnitus, and vertigo. This diagnosis should be kept in the differential diagnosis of retrocochlear pathologies.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:1667–1674, 2019
Risk Factors for Multiple Hemorrhages Following Tonsil Surgery in Children
Authors: McKeon Mallory , Kirsh Elliana , Kawai Kosuke , Roberson David , Watters Karen 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough much is known about the incidence and risk factors for hemorrhage after tonsil surgery, the incidence and factors related to multiple episodes of hemorrhage are not well examined. Our objective was to identify risk factors that may contribute to multiple hemorrhages following tonsil surgery in children.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of pediatric patients who experienced one or more hemorrhages following tonsillectomy/tonsillotomy, with or without adenoidectomy, between 2010 and 2016 at a single, tertiary‐care hospital. Risk factors for multiple hemorrhages were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsAmong the 11,140 patients who underwent tonsil surgery, 452 patients experienced one or more hemorrhages; 32 of these had multiple episodes of hemorrhage (7.1% of all patients with bleeds/0.3% of all patients). Older age (≥12 years: adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47‐6.68) and high body mass index for age (≥85th percentile: adjusted OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.06‐4.85) were significantly associated with an increased risk of multiple hemorrhages in the multivariable model. Medical comorbidities, indications for surgery, surgical technique, intraoperative blood loss, and perioperative medications were not associated with multiple episodes of bleeding.ConclusionsMultiple hemorrhages after tonsillectomy/tonsillotomy are uncommon. The risk of a second PTH after an initial episode is 7.1%, almost double the risk of a bleed after the initial tonsil surgery. Age > 12 years and high BMI for age may be associated with increased risk of rebleeding. After an initial bleed, increased surveillance may be warranted, particularly for patients with risk factors.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:2765–2770, 2019
Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Saraf Neeraj , Choudhary Narendra S. , Sah Jayant Kumar , Sah Sujeet Kumar , Rastogi Amit , Bhangui Prashant , Saigal Sanjiv , Soin Arvinder Singh 
Published: December 2018

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by acute decompensation of previously diagnosed or undiagnosed liver disease with organ failure(s) with high short‐term mortality. This study was conducted to report the outcomes of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in ACLF and assess the survival benefit of liver transplantation (LT) in these patients. It was a retrospective study of 218 ACLF patients on the basis of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL)–chronic liver failure criteria from January 2014 through November 2017. Patients were considered for LDLT if there was no improvement on standard medical therapy for 5‐10 days. Prior to LDLT, active sepsis was excluded/treated, and renal, circulatory, and respiratory failures were improved to the greatest extent possible. The mean age was 42.9 years, and 181 patients were male. Sepsis was the most common acute precipitating event followed by alcohol. Of the patients, 35 (16.1%), 66 (30.3%), and 117 (53.7%) were classified into ACLF grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Although 80% of the ACLF 1 group and 72.7% of the ACLF 2 group underwent LDLT, only 35% of the ACLF 3 group could undergo LDLT. The circulatory and respiratory failures at admission were significantly higher in the nontransplant group with poor subsequent response to standard medical therapy, exclusion from LDLT, and poor outcomes. None of the patients on high support for circulatory and respiratory failure underwent LDLT. Posttransplant survival at 1 year was comparable among different grades of ACLF (92.9%, 85.4%, and 75.6%; P = 0.15). Among patients in the ACLF 3 group, survival at 90 days was extremely poor in those who could not undergo LDLT (5.9% versus 78%; P < 0.001). In conclusion, LDLT results in good survival with acceptable post‐LT morbidity in patients with ACLF.
Isomorphisms of spaces with large distortion
Authors: Medina Galego Elói , Porto da Silva André Luis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLet K and S be locally compact Hausdorff spaces and let X be a strictly convex Banach space of finite dimension at least 2. In this paper, we prove that if there exists an isomorphism T from onto satisfying
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201800038:mana201800038-math-0007then K and S are homeomorphic. Here denotes the Schäffer constant of X. Even for the classical cases , and , this result is the X‐valued Banach–Stone theorem via isomorphism with the largest distortion that is known so far, namely . On the other hand, it is well known that this result is not true for , even though K and S are compact Hausdorff spaces.
Dystonia in RNA Polymerase III‐Related Leukodystrophy
Authors: Al Yazidi Ghalia , Tran Luan T. , Guerrero Kether , Vanderver Adeline , Schiffmann Raphael , Wolf Nicole I. , Chouinard Sylvain , Bernard Geneviève 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the prevalence of dystonia in a RNA Polymerase III (POLR3)‐related leukodystrophy patient cohort and to further characterize their dystonic features.BackgroundPOLR3‐related leukodystrophy is a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by neurological and non‐neurological features. Dystonia remains a challenging and under‐recognized feature.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed in a cohort of 20 patients for whom videos of a standardized neurological examination were available. Patients were recruited at the Montreal Children's Hospital of the McGill University Health Center and the Myelin Disorders Bioregistry Project. Families were consented at the initial assessment and the following data was recorded: age and symptoms at clinical presentation, investigations, causal gene and mutation(s), type and severity of dystonia, and treatment response when needed. Standardized examination videos were reviewed by three independent reviewers and scored using the Global Dystonia Scale.Results10 males and 10 females were included in this study; 12/20 had POLR3A mutations, while 8/20 had POLR3B mutations; 19/20 patients had documented dystonia, with 3/19 requiring therapy. There was a good response in two patients to a single agent, and a poor response in one patient to three agents; the majority had mild‐to‐moderate multifocal dystonia without a functional impact.ConclusionsDystonia is a common, yet underdiagnosed, slowly progressive manifestation of POLR3‐related leukodystrophy, and in most cases has limited‐to‐no functional impact. When treatment is needed, good response to typically used medication may occur. Further studies are needed to assess evolution of dystonia over time, patients’ functional outcome, and response to therapy (when needed).
A new interconnect method for radio frequency intra‐chip communications using transistors‐based distributed access
Authors: Hamieh Mohamad , Quintanel Sébastien , Ariaudo Myriam , Louët Yves 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a new radio frequency channel access method to a radio frequency (RF) interconnect for intra‐chip communications. The method overcomes the undesired effects that come from multiple connections in classical methods. It is based on an active access, through transistors associated in a distributed topology. This leads to better properties in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients along the transmission line. This approach is validated by making a deep comparison with the basic existing access methods (eg, direct and capacitive). Measurements on a test circuit using the 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology confirm the good performance of the proposed access.
Antenna design using speaker wire for a Bluetooth ear set
Authors: Zahid Zeeshan , Lee Hongkoo , Kim Mingi , Kim Hyung‐Hoon , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this article, an antenna design using an audio wire is proposed for a compact Bluetooth ear set. The length of the audio wire is less than a quarter of a wavelength in Bluetooth ear sets. Therefore, an appropriate feed structure needs to be designed to utilize the wire as an antenna. The antenna has been tuned using an inductor and impedance matching is accomplished by a loop‐type feeding structure with lumped capacitors. The feeding structure can be used to tune various lengths of the antenna. Full wave simulations are conducted to observe the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The measured and simulated bandwidths of the antenna are in good agreement. The measured bandwidth and average efficiency of the antenna were 116 MHz and 54.74%, whereas the average total isotropic sensitivity was 80.12 dBm that comply with the desired criteria for operation of the Bluetooth ear set.
Spectral analysis of the EBT3 radiochromic films for clinical photon and electron beams
Authors: León‐Marroquín Elsa Y. , Mulrow Daniel J. , Khan Rao , Darafsheh Arash 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the spectral response of the EBT3 radiochromic films to different beam qualities for radiation therapy dosimetry. Dose, dose rate, and interbatch dependencies on the spectral response of the films were investigated as well.MethodsPieces of EBT3 films placed between layers of solid water phantoms were irradiated with 6 and 15 MV photon beams, 6 and 10 MV‐flattening filter free (FFF) photon beams, and 6 and 20 MeV electron beams at dose levels between 0.4 and 50 Gy. Net absorbance was measured as a function of wavelength from the spectra acquired in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm using a fiber‐coupled spectrometer and broadband light source.ResultsNo significant change was observed in the absorption spectra of the EBT3 film from the same batch irradiated with the same amount of dose using different beam qualities. Also, no spectral change with dose rate was observed. The measured net absorbance per Gy was independent of beam quality in the 1–50 Gy dose range. Slight differences in the spectral shape and absorption band positions were observed in film samples from different batches. The net absorbance spectra showed two absorption bands centered around 634–636 nm (primary) and 583–585 nm (secondary). However, depending on the film batch, for doses above a certain level the primary absorption band appears to “split” into two bands centered around ~624–628 and ~641–645 nm.ConclusionsThe spectral shape of the EBT3 radiochromic films irradiated with photons (including FFF) and electron beams is beam quality and dose rate independent; however, it varies with dose level, batch, and spectroscopy system used.
Differences in muscle contraction onset as determined by ultrasound and electromyography
Authors: Tweedell Andrew J. , Tenan Matthew S. , Haynes Courtney A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe characterize the agreement between the timing of muscle contraction onset detected by surface electromyography (sEMG), fine wire EMG (fwEMG), and motion‐mode (M‐mode) ultrasound for improved interpretations of clinical outcomes.MethodsEighteen healthy adults participated. Differences in contraction onset were compared between sEMG, fwEMG, and M‐mode ultrasound collected during concentric contractions of the vastus lateralis and biceps brachii.ResultsThe mean difference of 13.1 ms (‐33.3–59.9) between sEMG and fwEMG was non‐significant (intraclass correlation [ICC] = 0.60). Ultrasound was significantly different from surface and fine wire EMG (ICC = 0.65 and ICC = 0.40, respectively), occurring 98.6 ms (72.3–124.9) and 111.7 (60.3–163.0) before sEMG and fwEMG, respectively. Nonparametric interquartile ranges were also wide.ConclusionsDue to high variability, comparisons between EMG methods should be interpreted with caution. Ultrasound detected onset before either EMG method, which may indicate motion from adjacent muscles during voluntary contractions. Muscle Nerve 59:494–500, 2019
Perturbed expression pattern of the immediate early gene Arc in the dentate gyrus of GluA1 C‐terminal palmitoylation‐deficient mice
Authors: Itoh Masayuki , Okuno Hiroyuki , Yamada Daisuke , Yamashita Mariko , Abe Manabu , Natsume Rie , Kaizuka Toshie , Sakimura Kenji , Hoshino Mikio , Mishina Masayoshi , Wada Keiji , Sekiguchi Masayuki , Hayashi Takashi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAMPA receptors predominantly mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain. Post‐translational protein S‐palmitoylation of AMPA receptor GluA subunits at their C‐termini reversibly controls the receptors trafficking to and from excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Excitatory inputs to neurons induce the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs), including Arc, with particular spatial patterns. In the hippocampal dentate gyrus, Arc is mainly expressed in the upper (dorsal) blade at the basal state. GluA1 C‐terminal palmitoylation‐deficient (GluA1C811S) mice showed enhanced seizure susceptibility and disturbed synaptic plasticity without impaired gross anatomy or basal synaptic transmission. These mutant mice also exhibited an increased expression of IEG products, c‐Fos and Arc proteins, in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In this report, we further analyzed excitability and Arc expression pattern in the dentate gyrus of GluA1C811S mice.Methods and ResultsElectrophysiological analysis of granule neurons to measure the evoked excitatory postsynaptic current/evoked inhibitory postsynaptic current ratio revealed that excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance was normal in GluA1C811S mice. In contrast, immunohistochemical staining showed an abnormal distribution of Arc‐positive cells between upper and lower (ventral) blades of the dentate gyrus in these mutant mice. These data suggest that deficiency of GluA1 palmitoylation causes perturbed neuronal inputs from the entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus, which potentially underlies the excessive excitability in response to seizure‐inducing stimulation.ConclusionOur findings conclude that an appropriate regulation of Arc expression in the dentate gyrus, ensured by AMPA receptor palmitoylation, may be critical for stabilizing hippocampal neural circuits and may suppress excess excitation.
Aza‐propargylglycine installation by aza‐amino acylation: Synthesis and Ala‐scan of an azacyclopeptide CD36 modulator
Authors: Ahsanullah  , Chingle Ramesh , Ohm Ragnhild G. , Chauhan Pradeep S. , Lubell William D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAza‐propargylglycine (azaPra) peptides are branching points for the synthesis of azapeptide libraries. Efficient alkylation of N‐(Fmoc)hydrazine in solution was found to provide N′‐propargyl fluorenylmethyl carbazate 13, which on activation gave N‐(Fmoc)‐azaPra acid chloride for installation into peptides. Reducing the number of steps on resin for azaPra peptide synthesis, which previously necessitated alkylation of a semicarbazone protected aza‐glycine residue, the new method offers potential for higher yield, as demonstrated by the synthesis of azacyclopeptide 1a, as well as by an alanine scan of this potent cluster of differentiation‐36 receptor (CD36) modulator.
Quantitative Proteomics by SWATH‐MS Suggest an Association Between Circulating Exosomes and Maternal Metabolic Changes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jayabalan Nanthini , Lai Andrew , Nair Soumyalekshmi , Guanzon Dominic , Scholz‐Romero Katherin , Palma Carlos , McIntyre Harold David , Lappas Martha , Salomon Carlos 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSeveral factors including placental hormones (PH) released from the human placenta have been associated with the development of insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, circulating levels of PH does not correlate well with maternal insulin sensitivity across gestation, suggesting that other, previously unrecognized, mechanisms may be involved. The levels of circulating exosomes are higher in GDM compared to normal. GDM derived exosomes produce greater release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines from endothelial cells compared to exosomes from normal, suggesting that their contents may differ compared to normal pregnancies. Using a quantitative, information‐independent acquisition (Sequential Windowed Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra [SWATH]) approach, differentially abundant circulating exosome proteins are identified in women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and GDM at the time of GDM diagnosis. A total of 78 statistically significant proteins in the relative expression of exosomal proteins in GDM are compared with NGT. Bioinformatic analysis shows that the exosomal proteins in GDM target pathways are mainly associated with energy production, inflammation, and metabolism. Finally, an independent cohort of patients is used to validate some of the proteins identified by SWATH. The data obtained may be of utility in elucidating the underlying physiological mechanisms associated with insulin resistance in GDM.