bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Bolivian Foothills Giant Gas Field: Incahuasi
Authors: Heidmann Jean-Claude , Durand Jacques , Mallard Philippe , Ballard Jean-Francois , Moron Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
This chapter will address the innovative and bold exploration approach that has led the French company Total and its Argentinean partner Tecpetrol to achieve what is one of the largest gas discoveries of the south Bolivian sub-Andean basin of the 2000–2010 decade.
This discovery, named Incahuasi, is the result of multidisciplinary teamwork covering a period of 4 years from the initial geological concept definition to the drilling and testing of the discovery well Incahuasi-X1.
The overall approach can be summarized as a combination of controlled risk decision making based on a regional geological knowledge and the development of new techniques such as the definition of dedicated biostratigraphy charts. This approach enabled the multidisciplinary team to manage most of the uncertainties attached to this specific foothills context and define a workflow that led to success.
The successful testing of the Incahuasi-X1 exploration well in 2004 led to a multi-tcf discovery currently under development. Located more than 120 km (75 mi) north of the existing Devonian gas fields, it opened a new exploration domain. It also highlights the benefit of a multidisciplinary and innovative approach in challenging areas such as the fold belts from prospect generation to discovery in a time constraint domain.
A Simple, Universal, and Cost-Efficient Digital PCR Method for the Targeted Analysis of Copy Number Variations
Authors: Cassinari Kévin , Quenez Olivier , Joly-Hélas Géraldine , Beaussire Ludivine , Le Meur Nathalie , Castelain Mathieu , Goldenberg Alice , Guerrot Anne-Marie , Brehin Anne-Claire , Deleuze Jean-François , Boland Anne , Rovelet-Lecrux Anne , Campion Dominique , Saugier-Veber Pascale , Gruchy Nicolas , Frebourg Thierry , Nicolas Gaël , Sarafan-Vasseur Nasrin , Chambon Pascal 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Rare copy number variations (CNVs) are a major cause of genetic diseases. Simple targeted methods are required for their confirmation and segregation analysis. We developed a simple and universal CNV assay based on digital PCR (dPCR) and universal locked nucleic acid (LNA) hydrolysis probes.

METHODS
We analyzed the mapping of the 90 LNA hydrolysis probes from the Roche Universal ProbeLibrary (UPL). For each CNV, selection of the optimal primers and LNA probe was almost automated; probes were reused across assays and each dPCR assay included the CNV amplicon and a reference amplicon. We assessed the assay performance on 93 small and large CNVs and performed a comparative cost-efficiency analysis.

RESULTS
UPL-LNA probes presented nearly 20000000 occurrences on the human genome and were homogeneously distributed with a mean interval of 156 bp. The assay accurately detected all the 93 CNVs, except one (&lt;200 bp), with coefficient of variation &lt;10%. The assay was more cost-efficient than all the other methods.

CONCLUSIONS
The universal dPCR CNV assay is simple, robust, and cost-efficient because it combines a straightforward design allowed by universal probes and end point PCR, the advantages of a relative quantification of the target to the reference within the same reaction, and the high flexibility of the LNA hydrolysis probes. This method should be a useful tool for genomic medicine, which requires simple methods for the interpretation and segregation analysis of genomic variations.
RHODODENDRON WIDJAJAE (ERICACEAE, SECTION SCHISTANTHE) A NEW SPECIES FROM SULAWESI
Authors: Argent George , Mambrasar Yasper Michael 
Published: July 2019

ARGENT, G. & MAMBRASAR, Y. M. 2019. Rhododendron widjajae (Ericaceae, section Schistanthe) a new species from Sulawesi. Reinwardtia 18(1): 27‒30. — A new species of Rhododendron section Schistanthe (= subgenus Vireya) is described, Rhododendron widjajae Argent & Mambrasar. It is compared with the two most similar species and the differences demonstrated.
Seeing from without, seeing from within: Aspectual differences between Spanish and Russian
Authors: Janda Laura A. , Fábregas Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLinguistic categories such as aspect are not identical across languages, and cross-linguistic differences can reveal differences in construal and conceptual categorization, which are key concepts in cognitive linguistics. Spanish-Russian parallel data diverge in situations where Spanish uses a Perfective Past tense form, while the Russian translation equivalent is an Imperfective Past tense form. We classify examples of aspectual mismatch according to grammatical constructions and language-specific facts. We find this mismatch in contexts with overt expression of time periods, as well as situations in which a final temporal boundary either is expressed or can be inferred. We interpret this in terms of a difference in conceptualization: Spanish has a tendency to view time periods from without, interpreting them as bounded and thus Perfective, whereas Russian has a tendency to view time periods from within, interpreting them on the basis of their duration without reference to their boundaries and thus Imperfective.
Die Relevanz der Irrelevanz
Authors: Krieg René 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung:
Zur Aufgabe von Handlungstheorie gehört auch die Erklärung der Nicht-Realisierung bestimmter Handlungsoptionen. Hierbei dürfen jedoch nicht allein die jeweiligen Entscheidungsprozesse des Akteurs betrachtet werden. Stattdessen muss ebenso die subjektive und situative Irrelevanz von Handlungsweisen als Erklärungsfaktor Berücksichtigung finden. Der Text benennt Theorieansätze, die diese Perspektive einnehmen, und vergleicht sie miteinander. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den relevanztheoretischen Überlegungen von Alfred Schütz, die mit dem Ziel rekonstruiert werden, sie in ein umfassenderes handlungstheoretisches Modell einfließen zu lassen. Es werden Vorteile eines solchen wissenssoziologisch-relevanztheoretischen Modells in Bezug auf die Erklärung von Nicht-Entscheidungen, Nicht-Alternativen und unwirksamen Einstellungen gezeigt.
Electrochemical synthesis of transition metal oxide nitrides with ε-TaN, δ-NbN and γ′-Mo2N structure type in a molten salt system
Authors: Lehmann Tanja S. , Niewa Rainer 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The three nitrides ε-TaN, δ-NbN and γ′-Mo2N have been synthesized electrochemically from the elements at 450°C in a molten salt mixture LiCl/KCl:Li3N. For all compounds the working electrode consisting of a tantalum, niobium or molybdenum foil was anodically polarized and the system was fed with dry nitrogen. The applied constant voltage was 2.5 V (for ε-TaN), 2.2 V (for δ-NbN), and 2.8 V (for γ′-Mo2N). Chemical analysis on N and O resulted in compositions of TaN0.81(1)O0.13(2), NbN1.17(2)O0.28(1) and MoN0.88(1)O0.11(1), respectively. Lattice parameters of ε-TaN refined by the Rietveld method are a =  519.537(4) and c = 291.021(3) pm. The other two nitrides crystallize in the cubic system (rocksalt type) with a = 436.98(2) pm for δ-NbN and with a = 417.25(2) pm for γ′-Mo2N.
Experimental Investigations of Drilling Silicon Carbide Using Brazed Diamond Tools
Authors: Gao Chao , Liu Guangzhao , Wang Hui 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article mainly studied the machining efficiency and service life of a brazed diamond tool for drilling silicon carbide (SiC). Firstly, the influence of process parameters (spindle speed [ss], axial pressure [ap], feed rate [fr]) on the drilling efficiency was researched. Then, the orthogonal analysis was carried out to study the influence of tool structural parameters (wall thickness of tools [wtt], diamond grit size [dgs], working layer thickness [wlt], and outer diameter of tools [odt]) on the drilling efficiency and tool life. Eventually the effects of solder composition on the drilling performance were investigated. The results show the following: (1) the optimal drilling efficiency can be obtained under the condition of ss of 83π rad/s, ap of 800 N, and fr of 4/100π mm/rad. (2) The influence degree of tool structure on the drilling performance is wtt &gt; dgs &gt; wlt &gt; odt; the optimal tool structural parameters are wtt of 1 mm, dgs of 250 μm, odt of 10 mm, and wlt of 0.8 mm. (3) For SiC ceramics prepared by hot pressing and hot isostatic pressure sintering, diamond tools with nickel-chromium alloy solder should be chosen; whereas for SiC ceramics prepared by pressure-free and reactive sintering, diamond tools with copper-based solder should be chosen.
Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Feng , Alam Mahabub Maraj , Liao Yuan , Huang Tingting , Mathur Ramkumar , Zhu Xinjun , Huang Yunfei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicroglia play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis of the CNS. There is growing interest in understanding how microglia influence normal brain function and disease progression. Several microglia-specific Cx3cr1-Cre lines have been developed and have become indispensable tools in many investigations of microglial function. However, some recent studies have reported that these lines may have significant leakage into neurons. Other studies have reported that Cx3cr1 is expressed in non-microglial cells, including neurons and astrocytes, in vitro or in vivo either during brain development or upon neurological insult. All these reports raise serious concerns about the trustworthiness of these Cre-lines and whether the conclusions drawn from previous studies are valid. Here, we found that a floxed fluorescent reporter mouse line which has been frequently used to verify Cre lines displayed spontaneous expression of the GFP reporter, independent of Cre recombinase, thus revealing a potential caveat in assessing cre lines. We further confirmed that two Cx3cr1-Cre mouse lines can drive fluorescent reporter expression largely restrictively in microglia. Finally, we clarified that these two mouse lines maintain microglia-specific expression even following excitatory injury. Together, our findings confirm that two previously created Cx3cr1-Cre lines remain as invaluable tools for studying microglia. Moreover, to ensure the quality of data generated and the soundness of conclusions drawn from such data, it should be compulsory to thoroughly examine reporter lines for spontaneous leakiness when labeling cells to study CNS function and diseases.
Existence and nonexistence of radial solutions of the Dirichlet problem for a class of general k-Hessian equations
Authors: He Jianxin , Zhang Xinguang , Liu Lishan , Wu Yonghong 
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we establish the existence and nonexistence of radial solutions of the Dirichlet problem for a class of general k-Hessian equations in a ball. Under some suitable local growth conditions for nonlinearity, several new results are obtained by using the fixed-point theorem.
A dependency-based approach to word contextualization using compositional distributional semantics
Authors: Gamallo Pablo 
Published: July 2019

We propose a strategy to build the distributional meaning of sentences, which is mainly based on two types of semantic objects: context vectors associated with content words and compositional operations driven by syntactic dependencies. The compositional operations of a syntactic dependency make use of two input vectors to build two new compositional vectors representing the contextualized sense of the two related words. Given a sentence, the iterative application of the dependencies results in as many contextualized vectors as content words the sentence contains. At the end of the compositional semantic process, we do not obtain a single compositional vector representing the semantic denotation of the whole sentence (or of the root word), but one contextualized vector for each constituent word of the sentence. Our method avoids the troublesome high-order tensor representations of approaches relying on category theory, by defining all words as first-order tensors (i.e. standard vectors). Some corpus-based experiments are performed to both evaluate the quality of the compositional vectors built with our strategy, and to compare them to other approaches on distributional compositional semantics. The experiments show that our dependency-based compositional method performs as (or even better than) the state-of-the-art.
Strategic company management in the digital business environment
Authors: Nikolaev Mykola Gennadiyovych 
Published: July 2019

Purpose – to analyze strategic company management in the digital business environment.
Design/Method/Approach. General scientific methods are applied: systematization, comparison, generalization, analysis, and synthesis.
Findings. The essence of strategic management and its significance to a company has been analyzed. The relationship between strategic company management and digital business environment has been elucidated. Basic trends for doing business in the digital environment have been defined.
Theoretical implications. Theoretical significance of the research is in the advancement of opinion on the strategic company management in digital business environment.
Practical implications. The practical value of the research is in the possibility of applying the results obtained by both international and domestic companies for strategic management in the digital business environment that emerged as a result of the Fourth industrial revolution.
Originality/Value. The main trends of modern business in the digital environment have been identified. The choice of strategies of multinational companies has been identified, as well as the areas of their application in digital business environment.
Research limitations/Future research. The prospects for further research are to study the strategic management of international companies and analyze the impact of digital business environment on their development.
Paper type – theoretical.
Economic component in the causes and consequences of emergencies
Authors: Trush Oleksandr Olegovich , Gorovyi Dmytro Anatoliiovich 
Published: July 2019

Purpose – to elucidate the «economic nature» of an emergencies, to expand the list of reasons for the formation and consequences of the emergencies, taking into account the economic component, and to provide a description of their interrelation in this process.
Design/Method/Approach. This work evaluates and summarizes studies that provide economic characteristics and assess the causes and consequences of a emergencies.
Findings. An analysis of previous studies on emergencies pointed to a limited focus on economic issues associated. In this paper, the authors substantiated the feasibility and proposed to highlight the economic component in the management of prevention of emergencies, in the management of minimizing negative consequences and to consider this component in the classification of types of emergencies. This work focuses on the causal link between economic costs for the prevention, elimination and elimination of the effects of emergencies (economic losses) in the emergency management system. The examples have proved that all of the emergency preceding processes are economical, that emergency actions are limited to an economic factor, and that emergency situations can have economic consequences. An economic component can be both a cause and a consequence of an emergency. At the same time, the economic causes of emergencies directly affect only the economic consequences (inflation - impoverishment of the population), and their impact on the remaining consequences - indirect, due to the impact of other factors-consequences.
Theoretical implications. This research identifies a new classification group "economic circumstances" in the classification of types of emergencies for the causes of the emergence and spheres of manifestation of the consequences.
Practical implications. The isolation and systematization of the economic component of emergencies allows us to take into account the economic factor in the development of appropriate prevention algorithms, actions in emergencies or actions to eliminate the negative effects of these events.
Originality/Value. The originality of the work is to illustrate the connection between the cause of emergencies and each of its manifestations with the help of the fan matrix. This approach has allowed a clearer outline and a clear indication of the causal relationship in the processes associated with the emergency situation. For example, a causal relationship with the types of emergencies based on the economic component is illustrated with the aid of a fan matrix.
Research limitations/Future research. This research is the basis for further improvement of approaches to the estimation of economic indicators of emergencies taking into account the proposed classification groups of types of emergencies.
Paper type – theoretical.
Polynomial index in discrete valuation rings
Authors: Charkani Mohamed E. , Deajim Abdulaziz 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Let R be a discrete valuation ring, its nonzero prime ideal, P ∈R[X] a monic irreducible polynomial, and K the quotient field of R. We give in this paper a lower bound for the -adic valuation of the index of P over R in terms of the degrees of the monic irreducible factors of the reduction of P modulo . By localization, the same result holds true over Dedekind rings. As an important immediate application, when the lower bound is greater than zero, we conclude that no root of P generates a power basis for the integral closure of R in the field extension of K defined by P.
Associative rings in which nilpotents form an ideal
Authors: Artemovych Orest D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
It is shown that if N(R) is a Lie ideal of R (respectively Jordan ideal and R is 2-torsion-free), then N(R) is an ideal. Also, it is presented a characterization of Noetherian NR rings with central idempotents (respectively with the commutative set of nilpotent elements, the Abelian unit group, the commutative commutator set).
On quasi-radical of near-ring of polynomials
Authors: Hashemi Ebrahim , Shokuhifar Fatemeh , Alhevaz Abdollah 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The intersection of all maximal right ideals of a near-ring N is called the quasi-radical of N. In this paper, first we show that the quasi-radical of the zero-symmetric near-ring of polynomials R0[x] equals to the set of all nilpotent elements of R0[x], when R is a commutative ring with Nil (R)2 = 0. Then we show that the quasi-radical of R0[x] is a subset of the intersection of all maximal left ideals of R0[x]. Also, we give an example to show that for some commutative ring R the quasi-radical of R0[x] coincides with the intersection of all maximal left ideals of R0[x]. Moreover, we prove that the quasi-radical of R0[x] is the greatest quasi-regular (right) ideal of it.
Symptoms and Underlying Factors of Psychological Distress among Inmates in Bonga Town Correctional Center, Kaffa Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Authors: Agegnew Getachew Roba , Worku Berhanu Nigussie , Mohammed Aregash Hassen 
Published: July 2019

Mental disorders occur frequently in the context of incarceration. Imprisonment may lead to the development of mental illness, especially psychological distress. The main purposes of this study were to investigate symptoms and underlying factors of psychological distress among inmates of Bonga Town correctional center. Institution based cross-sectional study design was employed and 327 inmates from February to March 2017 were considered for this study. Systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected by using a standardized self-reported questionnaire. Analysis was done by SPSS version 20. Multiple regression was conducted to identify associated factors. Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine gender difference on symptoms of psychological distress. The finding of this study revealed symptoms of psychological distress (being tired, being nervous, being hopeless, being restless, and feel depressed) prevail among inmates of Bonga Town correctional center. The level of psychological distress according to Kessler scale ranges from mild to severe and fell under moderate level of distress (36.69%). There was significant gender difference on the symptoms of psychological distress. Hence, female inmates were more distressed than male inmates. Bonga correctional center communities should work cooperatively with Bonga G/Tsadik Shawo hospital to help inmates who were at risk.
La dependencia histórica de los criterios territoriales de representación, Ecuador 1830-2013
Authors: Reynoso Diego Esteban 
Published: July 2019

Desde los orígenes de la creación del Estado ecuatoriano, el número de representantes que le corresponde a los territorios, provincias y/o ciudades ha sido un asunto de discusión y enfrentamientos que ha encontrado diferentes soluciones constitucionales. Si bien universalmente la tendencia ha sido encontrar un método que adjudique a cada provincia una representación acorde con su población, la representación territorial igualitaria de origen ha tendido a generar una dependencia histórica que las distintas Constituciones tuvieron que incorporar. Este artículo ofrece evidencia de los cambios y de la dependencia de sendero que sigue la asignación de escaños desde 1830 hasta la fecha. La conclusión es que los territorios tienen un peso representativo sustantivo acumulado a través de la historia que los criterios poblacionales de reparto no han podido mitigar.
ORTODOKSI DAN HETERODOKSI NILAI-NILAI DI PESANTREN: STUDI KASUS PADA PERUBAHAN PERILAKU SANTRI DI ERA TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL
Authors: Mundiri Akmal , Nawiro Ira 
Published: July 2019

Abstak
Perkembangan teknologi mempengaruhi hampir setiap lini kehidupan, termasuk kehidupan santri di pesantren. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap transformasi perilaku santri, ortodoksi dan heterodoksi, akibat dari perkembangan teknologi di dunia pesantren. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa perilaku ortodoksi yang sudah ada sejak dahulu masih terjaga di pesantren, seperti berpakaian sopan, mahir membaca kitab kuning bahkan memahami isinya, selalu mematuhi peraturan pesantren, menghormati yang lebih tua dan menyayangi yang lebih muda. Akan tetapi, terdapat pula perilaku yang menyimpang (heterodoksi) yang muncul akibat perkembangan zaman seperti imitasi budaya k-pop, minimnya kemampuan membaca kitab, melanggar tata tertib pesantren, bullying, transformasi otoritas keagamaan santri dan berubahnya sumber primer pembelajaran santri. Namun, terdapat beberapa perilaku yang tetap menjadi ciri khas pesantren seperti solidaritas, mandiri, ta'dzim terhadap kiai, juga mengelola pembelajaran sendiri.
Abstract
Technological developments affect almost every line of life, including the lives of santri in pesantren. This study aims to uncover the transformation of santri behavior, orthodoxy and heterodoxy, a result of technological developments in the pesantren world. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of case study. The results showed that some of the orthodoxy behavior that had existed since long ago was still awake in Islamic boarding schools, such as dressing modestly, proficient at reading yellow books and even understanding its contents, always obeying the pesantren's rules, respecting the older and loving younger ones. However, there are also deviant behaviors (heterodoxy) that arise due to the current development, such as imitation of k-pop culture, lack of ability to read books, violating pesantren rules, bullying, transformation of santri religious authority and the change in primary learning sources of santri. However, there are several behaviors that remain the characteristics of pesantren such as solidarity, independence, ta'dzim towards kiai, and managing their own learning.