bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Diode Formed in Nickelate Heterostructures by Chemical Potential Mismatch
Authors: Guo Er‐Jia , Liu Yaohua , Sohn Changhee , Desautels Ryan D. , Herklotz Andreas , Liao Zhaoliang , Nichols John , Freeland John W. , Fitzsimmons Michael R. , Lee Ho Nyung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDeliberate control of oxygen vacancy formation and migration in perovskite oxide thin films is important for developing novel electronic and iontronic devices. Here, it is found that the concentration of oxygen vacancies (VO) formed in LaNiO3 (LNO) during pulsed laser deposition is strongly affected by the chemical potential mismatch between the LNO film and its proximal layers. Increasing the VO concentration in LNO significantly modifies the degree of orbital polarization and drives the metal–insulator transition. Changes in the nickel oxidization state and carrier concentration in the films are confirmed by soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy. The ability to unidirectional‐control the oxygen flow across the heterointerface, e.g., a so‐called “oxygen diode”, by exploiting chemical potential mismatch at interfaces provides a new avenue to tune the physical and electrochemical properties of complex oxides.
The Molecular Industrial Revolution: Automated Synthesis of Small Molecules
Authors: Trobe Melanie , Burke Martin D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractToday we are poised for a transition from the highly customized crafting of specific molecular targets by hand to the increasingly general and automated assembly of different types of molecules with the push of a button. Creating machines that are capable of making many different types of small molecules on demand, akin to that which has been achieved on the macroscale with 3D printers, is challenging. Yet important progress is being made toward this objective with two complementary approaches: 1) Automation of customized synthesis routes to different targets by machines that enable the use of many reactions and starting materials, and 2) automation of generalized platforms that make many different targets using common coupling chemistry and building blocks. Continued progress in these directions has the potential to shift the bottleneck in molecular innovation from synthesis to imagination, and thereby help drive a new industrial revolution on the molecular scale.
Brief Report: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Parallel‐Group, Placebo‐Controlled, Multiple‐Dose Study to Evaluate AMG 557 in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Active Lupus Arthritis
Authors: Cheng Laurence E. , Amoura Zahir , Cheah Benjamin , Hiepe Falk , Sullivan Barbara A. , Zhou Lei , Arnold Gregory E. , Tsuji Wayne H. , Merrill Joan T. , Chung James B. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and potential efficacy of AMG 557, a fully human antibody directed against the inducible T cell costimulator ligand (ICOSL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with arthritis.MethodsIn this phase Ib, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, patients received AMG 557 210 mg (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) weekly for 3 weeks, then every other week for 10 additional doses. The corticosteroid dosage was tapered to ≤7.5 mg/day by day 85, and immunosuppressants were discontinued by day 29. Primary end points on day 169 were safety, immunogenicity, the Lupus Arthritis Response Index (LARI; defined by a reduction in the tender and swollen joint counts), ≥1‐letter improvement in the musculoskeletal domain of the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) index, and medication discontinuation. The secondary/exploratory end points were changes in the tender and swollen joint counts, BILAG index scores (musculoskeletal, global), and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI).ResultsThe incidence of adverse events, most of which were mild, was similar between groups. LARI responses occurred in 3 of 10 patients receiving AMG 557 and 1 of 10 patients receiving placebo (P = 0.58). More patients in the AMG 557 group achieved a ≥4‐point improvement in the SLEDAI score on day 169 (7 of 10 patients) compared with the placebo group (2 of 10 patients) (P = 0.07). Patients treated with AMG 557 (versus placebo) had greater improvements from baseline in the global BILAG index scores (–36.3% versus –24.7%) and the SLEDAI score (–47.8% versus –10.7%) and in tender (–22.8% versus –13.5%) and swollen (–62.1% versus –7.8%) joint counts on day 169.ConclusionAMG 557 showed safety and potential efficacy, supporting further evaluation of the clinical efficacy of ICOSL blockade in patients with SLE.
Dysbiotic Subgingival Microbial Communities in Periodontally Healthy Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Lopez‐Oliva Isabel , Paropkari Akshay D. , Saraswat Shweta , Serban Stefan , Yonel Zehra , Sharma Praveen , de Pablo Paola , Raza Karim , Filer Andrew , Chapple Iain , Dietrich Thomas , Grant Melissa M. , Kumar Purnima S. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveStudies that demonstrate an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and dysbiotic oral microbiomes are often confounded by the presence of extensive periodontitis in these individuals. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of RA in modulating the periodontal microbiome by comparing periodontally healthy individuals with RA to those without RA.MethodsSubgingival plaque was collected from periodontally healthy individuals (22 with RA and 19 without RA), and the 16S gene was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. Bacterial biodiversity and co‐occurrence patterns were examined using the QIIME and PhyloToAST pipelines.ResultsThe subgingival microbiomes differed significantly between patients with RA and controls based on both community membership and the abundance of lineages, with 41.9% of the community differing in abundance and 19% in membership. In contrast to the sparse and predominantly congeneric co‐occurrence networks seen in controls, RA patients revealed a highly connected grid containing a large intergeneric hub anchored by known periodontal pathogens. Predictive metagenomic analysis (PICRUSt) demonstrated that arachidonic acid and ester lipid metabolism pathways might partly explain the robustness of this clustering. As expected from a periodontally healthy cohort, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were not significantly different between groups; however, Cryptobacterium curtum, another organism capable of producing large amounts of citrulline, emerged as a robust discriminant of the microbiome in individuals with RA.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that the oral microbiome in RA is enriched for inflammophilic and citrulline‐producing organisms, which may play a role in the production of autoantigenic citrullinated peptides in RA.
A course‐based undergraduate research experience investigating the consequences of nonconserved mutations in lactate dehydrogenase
Authors: Ayella Allan , Beck Moriah R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere is a growing movement to involve undergraduate students in authentic research experiences. A variety of studies have indicated the strength of this approach in developing scientific aptitude, confidence, critical thinking skills, and increasing the likelihood to become career scientists. Course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) foster opportunities for students to carry out authentic research at both primarily undergraduate and large research institutions. Here, we describe a novel CURE‐based biochemistry laboratory course to explore the consequences of mutagenesis of non‐conserved amino acid sites in the structure and function of the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and demonstrate how collaborations between institutions can facilitate real research experiences at any type of institution. © 2018 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(3):285–296, 2018.
Nickel Hydroxide–Cobalt Hydroxide Nanoparticle Supported Ruthenium–Nickel–Cobalt Islands as an Efficient Nanocatalyst for the Hydrogenation Reaction
Authors: Zhu Lihua , Zhang Huan , Hu Weiwei , Zheng Jinbao , Zhang Nuowei , Yu Changlin , Ye Hengqiang , Yang Zhiqing , Chen Bing Hui 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe RuNiCo tri‐metallic nanocatalyst of Ru islands‐on‐nickel‐cobalt/nickel hydroxide‐cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles (Ru/NiCo/Ni(OH)2‐Co(OH)2/C) was prepared at room temperature (RT) via hydrazine hydrate reduction and galvanic replacement methods. And Ru/NiCo/Ni(OH)2‐Co(OH)2/C exhibited much higher catalytic activity in the model reaction of toluene hydrogenation than Ru/Ni/Ni(OH)2/C and Ru/Co/Co(OH)2/C due to synergistic effect of Ru, Ni and Co related species, with good stability.
Chem4Digit – Chemistry for Digital Logics
Authors: Spinnen Sebastian , Tausch Michael W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnter Berücksichtigung der Gesetzmäßigkeiten photochemischer Prozesse und durch geschicktes Design von Bauelementen können optische und chemische Signale gemäß der Booleschen Aussagenlogik kombiniert werden, indem man molekulare Schalter nutzt. Photochrome funktionelle Farbstoffe könnten so beispielsweise in der Medizin und in neuen Materialien Anwendung finden.
Toward understanding the key enzymes involved in β‐poly (L‐malic acid) biosynthesis by Aureobasidium pullulans ipe‐1
Authors: Yu Haifeng , Liu Bin , Luo Jianquan , Cao Weifeng , Qiao Changsheng , Wan Yinhua 
Published: March 2018

Abstractβ‐poly (L‐malic acid) (PMLA) is a biopolyester which has attracted industrial interest for its potential application in medicine and other industries. A high dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) was beneficial for PMLA production, while the mechanisms of DO in PMLA biosynthesis by Aureobasidium pullulans are still poorly understood. In this work, the amount of PMLA was first compared when A. pullulans ipe‐1 were cultured under a high DO level (70% saturation) and a low DO level (10% saturation). Meanwhile, the key enzymes involved in different pathways of the precursor L‐malic acid biosynthesis were studied. The results revealed that the activities of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) were positively correlated with cell growth and PMLA production, while the activities of phosphofructokinases (PFK), pyruvic carboxylase (PC) and citrate synthetase (CS) did no show such correlations. It indicated that the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) may play a vital role in cell growth and PMLA biosynthesis. Moreover, the precursor L‐malic acid for PMLA biosynthesis was mainly biosynthesized through phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) via oxaloacetate catalyzed by PEPC. It was also found that low concentration of sodium fluoride (NaF) might impel carbon flux flow to the oxaloacetate through PEP, but inhibit the flux to the oxaloacetate via pyruvic acid.
Reclaiming a Space for Diadromous Fish in the Public Psyche and Sense of Place
Authors: Liebich Katrina B , Kocik John F , Taylor William W 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Diadromous species historically dominated the freshwater fish community in coastal northeastern United States rivers. As these fishes declined in concert with sweeping alterations to the region's waterscapes, so too did their utility, visibility, and relevance to each passing human generation. Due to their historically iconic status, we used endangered Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar as a springboard in our study of attitudes and values about fish in the context of modern human connections to places and the water bodies therein. We surveyed Maine residents about their connections to local water bodies and fish populations. Respondents were generally apathetic toward fish overall, but they valued the water bodies in their home turf as escapes from daily stressors. We explored this finding as it relates to motivating behavior and redefining contemporary baselines of water body health, which may help restore Maine's diadromous fish community to a local and regional treasure and commodity. Understanding the facets of sense of place, including satisfaction and attachment, can ultimately help to reframe how we communicate with the public about acting on behalf of the places they care about that overlap with important fish habitat.
Integrating Proteomics and Targeted Metabolomics to Understand Global Changes in Histone Modifications
Authors: Simithy Johayra , Sidoli Simone , Garcia Benjamin A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe chromatin fiber is the control panel of eukaryotic cells. Chromatin is mostly composed of DNA, which contains the genetic instruction for cell phenotype, and histone proteins, which provide the scaffold for chromatin folding and part of the epigenetic inheritance. Histone writers/erasers “flag” chromatin regions by catalyzing/removing covalent histone post‐translational modifications (PTMs). Histone PTMs chemically contribute to chromatin relaxation or compaction and recruit histone readers to modulate DNA readout. The precursors of protein PTMs are mostly small metabolites. For instance, acetyl‐CoA is used for acetylation, ATP for phosphorylation, and S‐adenosylmethionine for methylation. Interestingly, PTMs such as acetylation can occur at neutral pH also without their respective enzyme when the precursor is sufficiently concentrated. Therefore, it is essential to differentially quantify the contribution of histone writers/erasers versus the effect of local concentration of metabolites to understand the primary regulation of histone PTM abundance. Aberrant phenotypes such as cancer cells have misregulated metabolism and thus the composition and the modulation of chromatin is not only driven by enzymatic tuning. In this review, the latest advances in mass spectrometry (MS) to analyze histone PTMs and the most adopted quantification methods for related metabolites, both necessary to understand PTM relative changes, are discussed.
TheCaenorhabditis elegansProteome Response to Naturally Associated Microbiome Members of the GenusOchrobactrum
Authors: Cassidy Liam , Petersen Carola , Treitz Christian , Dierking Katja , Schulenburg Hinrich , Leippe Matthias , Tholey Andreas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansinteracts with a variety of bacteria as it feeds on microbes, and a number of these both associate and persist within the worm's intestine. Host–microbe interactions inC. eleganshave been analyzed primarily at the transcriptome level with the host response often been monitored after challenge with pathogens. We assessed the proteome ofC. elegansafter growth on bacteria capable of colonizing its gut, via a comparative analysis of the nematode exposed to two naturally associatedOchrobactrumspp. (MYb71, MYb237) versusC. elegansgrown onEscherichia coliOP50. A total of 4677C. elegansproteins were identified, 3941 quantified. Significant alterations in protein abundances were observed for 122 proteins, 48 higher and 74 lower in abundance. We observed an increase in abundance of proteins potentially regulated via host signaling pathways, in addition to proteins involved in processing of foreign entities (e.g., lipase, proteases, glutathione metabolism). Decreased in abundance were proteins involved in both degradation and biosynthesis of amino acids, and enzymes associated with the degradation of peptidoglycan (lysozymes). The protein level differences betweenC. elegansgrown on native microbiome members compared to the laboratory food bacterium may help to identify molecular processes involved in host–microbe interactions.
Students Engaged in Teaching
Authors: Ford Channing R. , Wilkins Emily B. , Groccia James E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe role of peer teaching has long been established in academia as a means to foster student engagement in the classroom, increase student learning, and as a way to reduce faculty workload. This chapter highlights the direct and powerful positive impacts of engaging students as teachers upon the student providing the instruction, those receiving it, and the institution as well.
Blueprint for an intestinal villus: Species‐specific assembly required
Authors: Walton Katherine D. , Mishkind Darcy , Riddle Misty R. , Tabin Clifford J. , Gumucio Deborah L. 
Published: March 2018

Efficient absorption of nutrients by the intestine is essential for life. In mammals and birds, convolution of the intestinal surface into finger‐like projections called villi is an important adaptation that ensures the massive surface area for nutrient contact that is required to meet metabolic demands. Each villus projection serves as a functional absorptive unit: it is covered by a simple columnar epithelium that is derived from endoderm and contains a mesodermally derived core with supporting vasculature, lacteals, enteric nerves, smooth muscle, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and immune cells. In cross section, the consistency of structure in the billions of individual villi of the adult intestine is strikingly beautiful. Villi are generated in fetal life, and work over several decades has revealed that villus morphogenesis requires substantial “crosstalk” between the endodermal and mesodermal tissue components, with soluble signals, cell–cell contacts, and mechanical forces providing specific dialects for sequential conversations that orchestrate villus assembly. A key part of this process is the formation of subepithelial mesenchymal cell clusters that act as signaling hubs, directing overlying epithelial cells to cease proliferation, thereby driving villus emergence and simultaneously determining the location of future stem cell compartments. Interestingly, distinct species‐specific differences govern how and when tissue‐shaping signals and forces generate mesenchymal clusters and control villus emergence. As the details of villus development become increasingly clear, the emerging picture highlights a sophisticated local self‐assembled cascade that underlies the reproducible elaboration of a regularly patterned field of absorptive villus units.This article is categorized under:

Vertebrate Organogenesis > From a Tubular Primordium: Non‐Branched
Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species
Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan
In this issue of Weather
Authors: Galvin Jim 
Published: March 2018

This month’s issue focuses on the meteorological effects of solar eclipses using data collected in the UK on 20 March 2015 and the USA on 21 August 2017.We begin with Edward Hanna’s examination of data from stations run by amateur enthusiasts, most of them in the Climatological Observers’ Link network. ‘Meteorological effects of the 20 March 2015 solar eclipse over the United Kingdom’ on p. 71 builds on the observations made at Met Office stations, published in Clark () and Hanna et al. (). The observations show a high degree of consistency and the reduction in solar radiation had a strong signal in all parts of the UK, even where there were cloudy skies in most southern, as well as many northern and eastern areas. It also adds to the effects reported in this journal, following the eclipse of 11 August 1999 (Hanna, ).Bob Bourton’s short contribution ‘The thermal effects noticed at Heathrow Airport during the partial solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 ‘on p. 81 looks at the effects of the 2015 eclipse at Heathrow Airport. The range of instruments available across the airport and in roads leading to it gives further insight into the temperature and radiation changes during the obscuration of 85% of the sun’s disk in the west of London.On p. 90, we move to the observations made in the USA under the swathe of total or near‐total eclipse on 21 August 2017 in ‘Meteorological impacts of the total solar eclipse of 21 August 2017’, as reported by Stephen Burt. The data from sites run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, ) are supplemented by observations made by Stephen Burt near Jackson, Wyoming. Because the path of this eclipse crossed much of the USA and could be observed at least partially in all parts of the country, this was probably the best observed eclipse in history. Under clear skies, falls of about 5 degC were seen, accompanied by a fall in wind speed, now known from observations on both sides of the Atlantic to be a significant effect of this short‐duration phenomenon.We also include a seasonally‐appropriate look at the effects of year‐to‐year weather on plants and animals on p. 86. Ian Strangeways’ paper ‘Phenology: plants and animals as meteorological sensors’, gives us an overview of this subject, which used to be one of the activities of the Royal Meteorological Society. He includes the history of its development in the UK, as well as its value in weather science and our knowledge of the effects of changing climate.
A systematic review of interventions targeting men's alcohol use and family relationships in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Giusto Ali , Puffer Eve 
Published: March 2018

Background.Problem drinking accounts for 9.6% of disability-adjusted life years worldwide. It disproportionally affects men and has disabling physical, psychological, and behavioral consequences. These can lead to a cascade of negative effects on men's families, with documented ties to intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment. These multi-level problems are often exacerbated where poverty rates are high, including low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In contexts where strong patriarchal norms place men in positions of power, family-level consequences are often even more pronounced.Methods.We conducted a systematic review of the literature on interventions in LMICs targeting men's problem drinking and any family-related outcomes. Cochrane and PRISMA procedures guided the review. The search was conducted in PsychInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science.Results.The search yielded 1357 publications. Nine studies from four different countries met inclusion criteria. Of those, only one had the primary goal of simultaneously improving drinking and a related family-level outcome (IPV). Six of the studies documented modest improvements on both drinking and couples or family outcomes. Strategies common to these included cognitive-behavioral techniques, communication skills training, narrative therapy, and participatory learning. Gender-transformative approaches were associated with reduced IPV and more equitable gender norms, and motivational interviewing and behavioral approaches were beneficial for reducing alcohol use.Conclusions.Findings highlight the scarcity of interventions addressing men's drinking and its effects on families, particularly for parent-child outcomes. However, results point to strategies that, combined with other evidence-based family interventions can guide the development and rigorous evaluation of integrated programs.
Prevention of pharyngocutaneous fistula in salvage total laryngectomy: role of the pectoralis major flap and peri-operative management
Authors: Sittitrai P , Srivanitchapoom C , Reunmakkaew D 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an onlay pectoralis major flap in reducing the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula after salvage total laryngectomy and determine the complications of pectoralis major flap reconstruction.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of consecutive patients who underwent salvage total laryngectomy between 1995 and 2016. The pharyngeal defects were primarily closed with or without the pectoralis major flap.Results:Of 64 patients, 34 had primary pharyngeal closure alone (control group) and 30 received an onlay pectoralis major flap (pectoralis major flap group). The overall fistula rate was 15.6 per cent, with 17.6 per cent occurring in the control group and 13.3 per cent in the pectoralis major flap group (p = 0.74). The incidence rates of voice failure (p = 0.02) and shoulder disability (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the pectoralis major flap group.Conclusion:The pectoralis major flap in salvage total laryngectomy did not decrease the pharyngocutaneous fistula rate, and the incidence of flap-related complications was high. Appropriate surgical technique and post-operative care may reduce the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula.