bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Net Submarine Groundwater‐Derived Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients and Carbon Input to the Oligotrophic Stratified Karstic Estuary of the Krka River (Adriatic Sea, Croatia)
Authors: Liu Jianan , Hrustić Enis , Du Jinzhou , Gašparović Blaženka , Čanković Milan , Cukrov Neven , Zhu Zhuoyi , Zhang Ruifeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSubmarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a significant source of biogenic elements in estuaries, and relevant studies in karstic estuaries are scarce. Krka River Estuary (KRE), located on the eastern Adriatic Sea (Croatia), is a typical oligotrophic stratified karstic estuary. In this study, based on 226Ra and 228Ra, the total SGD flux into the KRE surface layer was estimated to be (12.8–16.2) × 105 m3/day. A conservative estimation of the fresh groundwater flux was (5.0–8.3) × 105 m3/day, which accounts for 10–17% of the Krka River discharge into the estuary. By establishing water and nutrient budgets in the KRE surface layer, we found that SGD dominated the nutrient sources, although it accounted for a small portion of the total inflow water. Specifically, net SGD‐derived dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and silicates contributed 58–90% and 24–64%, respectively, to the total input fluxes. These results indicate that SGD was a major external nutrient source, in which net SGD‐derived high DIN flux and high DIN to dissolved inorganic phosphorus ratio may affect productivity in the KRE ecosystem and nearby Adriatic Sea. Additionally, net SGD‐derived dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) flux in the KRE (1.53 mol · m2 · day) was much higher than those in most estuaries worldwide, suggesting that the DIC‐enriched karst aquifers are important sources for global carbon cycle. Therefore, the impact of net SGD‐derived DIC from karst aquifers on coastal seas will likely become more evident and substantial with further development of global climate change, such as sea level rise.
Multidimensional Geodynamic Modeling in the Southeast Carpathians: Upper Mantle Flow‐Induced Surface Topography Anomalies
Authors: Şengül‐Uluocak E. , Pysklywec R. N. , Göğüş O. H. , Ulugergerli E. U. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpectral variations of gravity and topography data show nonisostatic compensation of elevation in the Southeast Carpathians that is consistent with our new residual topography calculations. Multidimensional thermomechanical models are created to consider a possible mantle flow component of the surface topography with varying temperature models and crustal configurations. The temperature anomalies derived from large‐scale P wave velocity anomalies and combined temperature model are estimated as input for the parametric numerical modeling experiments. Model results show that a surface uplift (up to ~1 km) develops in the southeastern Carpathians due to the rising hot upper mantle beneath the region. The upwelling flow is also in concordance with observations such as volcanism and enhanced surface heat flow in the region. Subsidence in the eastern part (0.5–1 km over the Vrancea zone and the Focsani Basin) forms in relation to the downgoing Vrancea slab. The findings indicate the significant role of upper mantle structures on the present‐day anomalous topography related to proposed postcollisional tectonics in the Southeast Carpathians.
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Molten Fe–Si–O in Earth's Core
Authors: Huang Dongyang , Badro James , Brodholt John , Li Yunguo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSilicon and oxygen are potential light elements in Earth's core because their stronger affinity to metal observed with increasing temperature posits that significant amounts of both can be incorporated into the core. It was proposed that an Fe–Si–O liquid alloy could expel SiO2 at the core‐mantle boundary during secular cooling, leaving the core with either silicon or oxygen, not both. This was recently challenged in a study showing no exsolution but immiscibility in the Fe–Si–O system. Here we investigate the liquidus field of Fe–Si and Fe–O binaries and Fe–Si–O ternaries at core‐mantle boundary pressures and temperatures using ab initio molecular dynamics. We find that the liquids remain well mixed with ternary properties identical to mixing of binary properties. Two‐phase simulations of solid SiO2 and liquid Fe show dissolution at temperatures above 4100 K, suggesting that SiO2 crystallization as well as liquid immiscibility in Fe–Si–O is unlikely to occur in Earth's core.
Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Upstream From Saturn: Estimation From Magnetosheath Properties and Comparison With SKR
Authors: Thomsen M. F. , Jackman C. M. , Lamy L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn analytical method is developed by which measurements made by the Cassini spacecraft in Saturn's magnetosheath can be used to infer the upstream solar wind parameters, specifically the solar wind speed (Vsw) and the dynamic pressure (Pd). The method is validated by comparing the results with other estimates of these parameters, including the mSWiM MHD model and magnetopause and bow shock models applied to observed boundary crossings. The comparisons suggest that the new inferred Vsw are on average ~40 km/s lower than the mSWiM values, and the dynamic pressure values are slightly lower as well. We find few of the lower Pd values predicted by mSWiM, probably because Cassini would have been inside the expanded magnetosphere under such conditions. Systematic temporal variations such as interplanetary shocks do seem to be captured well, with arrival times within several days of the MHD prediction. Compared to dynamic pressures estimated from boundary crossings with well‐known magnetopause and bow shock models, the magnetosheath‐inferred dynamic pressure tends to be somewhat lower, but within the uncertainties of the analytical derivation. Comparison of the inferred dynamic pressure with observed Saturn's kilometric radiation (SKR) activity reveals several episodes of very good temporal tracking between dynamic pressure and SKR intensity, with relatively short time delays (4–5 hr), suggesting rather direct driving. Such good tracking intervals occur almost exclusively on the dawnside of the magnetosphere, where the dominant SKR source is visible. When the tracking is good, the SKR fluxes vary roughly as the square of the dynamic pressure.
Seismic Velocity Estimation Using Passive Downhole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Records: Examples From the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth
Authors: Lellouch A. , Yuan S. , Spica Z. , Biondi B. , Ellsworth W. L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStructural imaging and event location require an accurate estimation of the seismic velocity. However, active seismic surveys used to estimate it are expensive and time‐consuming. During the last decade, fiber‐optic‐based distributed acoustic sensing has emerged as a reliable, enduring, and high‐resolution seismic sensing technology. We show how downhole distributed acoustic sensing passive records from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth can be used for seismic velocity estimation. Using data recorded from earthquakes propagating near‐vertically, we compute seismic velocities using first‐break picking as well as slant stack decomposition. This methodology allows for the estimation of both P and S wave velocity models. We also use records of the ambient seismic field for interferometry and P wave velocity model extraction. Results are compared to a regional model obtained from surface seismic as well as a conventional downhole geophone survey. We find that using recorded earthquakes, we obtain the highest P wave model resolution. In addition, it is the only method that allows for S wave velocity estimation. Computed P and S models unravel three distinct areas at the depth range of 50‐750 m, which were not present in the regional model. In addition, we find high VP/VS values near the surface and a possible VP/VS anomaly about 500 m deep. We confirm its existence by observing a strong S‐P mode conversion at that depth.
Transcriptome of dorsal root ganglia caudal to a spinal cord injury with modulated behavioral activity
Authors: Chariker Julia H. , Gomes Cynthia , Brabazon Fiona , Harman Kathryn A. , Ohri Sujata Saraswat , Magnuson David S. K. , Whittemore Scott R. , Petruska Jeffrey C. , Rouchka Eric C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating clinical condition resulting in significant disabilities. Apart from local injury within the spinal cord, SCI patients develop a myriad of complications including multi-organ dysfunction. Some of the dysfunctions may be directly or indirectly related to the sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which signal to both the spinal cord and the peripheral organs. After SCI, some classes of DRG neurons exhibit sensitization and undergo axonal sprouting both peripherally and centrally. Such physiological and anatomical re-organization after SCI contributes to both adaptive and maladaptive plasticity processes, which may be modulated by activity and exercise. In this study, we collected comprehensive gene expression data in whole DRG below the levels of the injury to compare the effects of SCI with and without two different forms of exercise in rats.
Effect of Motor versus Sensory Nerve Autografts on Regeneration and Functional Outcomes of Rat Facial Nerve Reconstruction
Authors: Ali S. Ahmed , Rosko Andrew J. , Hanks John E. , Stebbins Aaron W. , Alkhalili Osama , Hogikyan Norman D. , Feldman Eva L. , Brenner Michael J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCranial nerve injury is disabling for patients, and facial nerve injury is particularly debilitating due to combined functional impairment and disfigurement. The most widely accepted approaches for reconstructing nerve gap injuries involve using sensory nerve grafts to bridge the nerve defect. Prior work on preferential motor reinnervation suggests, however, that motor pathways may preferentially support motoneuron regeneration after nerve injury. The effect of motor versus sensory nerve grafting after facial nerve injury has not been previously investigated. Insights into outcomes of motor versus sensory grafting may improve understanding and clinical treatment of facial nerve paralysis, mitigating facial asymmetry, aberrant reinnervation, and synkinesis. This study examined motor versus sensory grafting of the facial nerve to investigate effect of pathway on regeneration across a 5-mm rodent facial nerve defect. We enrolled 18 rats in 3 cohorts (motor, sensory, and defect) and recorded outcome measures including fiber count/nerve density, muscle endplate reinnervation, compound muscle action potential, and functional whisker twitch analysis. Outcomes were similar for motor versus sensory groups, suggesting similar ability of sensory and motor grafts to support regeneration in a clinically relevant model of facial nerve injury.
High‐efficiency topology‐morphing multi‐resonant DC–DC converter with wide voltage gain range for small‐scale wind generation applications
Authors: Han Fuqiang , Wang Yifeng , Yang Liang , Chen Mengying , Liu Ruixin , Xu Rong 
Published: June 2019

In this study, a high‐efficiency topology‐morphing multi‐resonant DC–DC converter is proposed. The converter employs two auxiliary switches to control the equivalent resonant tank, and thus exhibits adaptive resonant characteristics for diverse situations. The dual‐transformer MRC structure is applied when high‐voltage gain is required, while a five‐element MRC operates at the rated state for high‐conversion efficiency. Besides, good protection for the over‐current issue is guaranteed. Also, beneficial from the topology‐morphing technology, the operating frequency range is very narrow and near every mode's high‐efficiency region. Therefore, the proposed converter has an expanded voltage gain range and maintains high‐efficiency throughout. These features make it well suitable for small‐scale wind generation applications. Finally, a 500 W prototype is fabricated in the laboratory to test the performances. The input voltage varies from 80 to 600 V and the output voltage is constant at 400 V. The efficiency remains high (>96.5%) among the entire voltage gain range and the peak value reaches 97.93%.
Non-thermal desorption of complex organic molecules
Authors: Dartois E. , Chabot M. , Id Barkach T. , Rothard H. , Augé B. , Agnihotri A. N. , Domaracka A. , Boduch P. 
Published: June 2019

Context. The occurrence of complex organic molecules (COMs) in the gas phase at low temperature in the dense phases of the interstellar medium suggests that a non-thermal desorption mechanism is at work because otherwise, COMs should condense within a short timescale onto dust grains. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodesorption has been shown to be much less efficient for complex organic molecules, such as methanol, because mostly photoproducts are ejected. The induced photolysis competes with photodesorption for large COMs, which considerably lowers the efficiency to desorb intact molecules.
Aims. We pursue an experimental work that has already shown that water molecules, the dominant ice mantle species, can be efficiently sputtered by cosmic rays. We investigate the sputtering efficiency of complex organic molecules that are observed either in the ice mantles of interstellar dense clouds directly by infrared spectroscopy (CH3OH), or that are observed in the gas phase by millimeter telescopes (CH3COOCH3) and that could be released from interstellar grain surfaces.
Methods. We irradiated ice films containing complex organic molecules (methanol and methyl acetate) and water with swift heavy ions in the electronic sputtering regime. We monitored the infrared spectra of the film as well as the species released to the gas phase with a mass spectrometer.
Results. We demonstrate that when methanol or methyl acetate is embedded in a water-ice mantle exposed to cosmic rays, a large portion is sputtered as an intact molecule, with a sputtering yield close to that of the main water-ice matrix. This must be even more true for the case of more volatile ice matrices, such as those that are embedded in carbon monoxide.
Conclusions. Cosmic rays penetrating deep into dense clouds provide an efficient mechanism to desorb complex organic molecules. Compared to the VUV photons, which are induced by the interaction of cosmic rays, a large portion desorb as intact molecules with a proportion corresponding to the time-dependent bulk composition of the ice mantle, the latter evolving with time as a function of fluence due to the radiolysis of the bulk.
Constraints on HD 113337 fundamental parameters and planetary system
Authors: Borgniet S. , Perraut K. , Su K. , Bonnefoy M. , Delorme P. , Lagrange A.-M. , Bailey V. , Buenzli E. , Defrère D. , Henning T. , Hinz P. , Leisenring J. , Meunier N. , Mourard D. , Nardetto N. , Skemer A. , Spalding E. 
Published: June 2019

Context. HD 113337 is a main-sequence F6V field star more massive than the Sun. This star hosts one confirmed giant planet and possibly a second candidate, detected by radial velocities (RVs). The star also hosts a cold debris disc detected through the presence of an infrared excess, making it an interesting system to explore.
Aims. We aim to bring new constraints on the star’s fundamental parameters, debris disc properties, and planetary companion(s) by combining complementary techniques.
Methods. We used the VEGA interferometer on the CHARA array to measure the angular diameter of HD 113337. We derived its linear radius using the parallax from the Gaia Second Data Release. We computed the bolometric flux to derive its effective temperature and luminosity, and we estimated its mass and age using evolutionary tracks. Then, we used Herschel images to partially resolve the outer debris disc and estimate its extension and inclination. Next, we acquired high-contrast images of HD 113337 with the LBTI to probe the ~10–80 au separation range. Finally, we combined the deduced contrast maps with previous RVs of the star using the MESS2 software to bring upper mass limits on possible companions at all separations up to 80 au. We took advantage of the constraints on the age and inclination brought by fundamental parameter analysis and disc imaging, respectively, for this analysis.
Results. We derive a limb-darkened angular diameter of 0.386 ± 0.009 mas that converts into a linear radius of 1.50 ± 0.04 R⊙ for HD 113337. The fundamental parameter analysis leads to an effective temperature of 6774 ± 125 K and to two possible age solutions: one young within 14–21 Myr and one old within 0.8–1.7 Gyr. We partially resolve the known outer debris disc and model its emission. Our best solution corresponds to a radius of 85 ± 20 au, an extension of 30 ± 20 au, and an inclination within 10–30° for the outer disc. The combination of imaging contrast limits, published RV, and age and inclination solutions allows us to derive a first possible estimation of the true masses of the planetary companions: ~7−2+4 MJup for HD 113337 b (confirmed companion) and ~16−3+10 MJup for HD 113337 c (candidate companion). We also constrain possible additional companions at larger separations.
Paragangliomas in Carney–Stratakis Syndrome
Authors: Khurana Arushi , Mei Lin , Faber Anthony C. , Smith Steven C. , Boikos Sosipatros A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCarney-Stratakis Syndrome (CSS) comprises of paragangliomas (PGLs) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Several of its features overlap with Carney Triad (CT) - PGLs, GISTs, and pulmonary chondromas. CSS has autosomal dominant inheritance, incomplete penetrance, and greater relative frequency of PGL over GISTs. The PGLs in CSS are multicentric and GISTs are multifocal in all the patients, suggesting an inherited susceptibility and associating the two manifestations. In this review, we highlight the clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics of CSS, along with its diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Association Between Urinary Catecholamine Excretion and Urine Volume
Authors: Haap Michael , Blaschka Friedemann , Lehmann Rainer , Hoyer Annika , Müssig Karsten 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSeveral confounders must be considered in the evaluation of urinary catecholamine excretion. However, literature is contradictory about potential confounders. The aim of the present study was to assess correlations between catecholamine excretion and anthropometric or clinical parameters with special attention to urine volume. A total of 967 24-h urinary catecholamine measurements were performed in 593 patients for diagnostic purposes. The indication for urine examination was suspicion of secondary hypertension, phaeochromocytoma, or paraganglioma. From the patients examined, 57% were females and 43% were males. The patients’ age ranged between 15 and 87 years with a median [Q1; Q3] of 51 [39; 62] years. Seventy-eight percent of the patients suffered from hypertension. Seventy percent of patients took one or more antihypertensive drugs. The most commonly used drugs were ACE inhibitors (43%), while α-blockers (15%) were the least used drugs. Urinary excretion was between 500 and 11 950 ml/24 h with a median of 2200 [1600; 2685] ml/24 h. The median body mass index (BMI) was 26.7 [24.0; 30.4] kg/m2. The excretion of all catecholamines was greater in men than in women (all p<0.0001). Epinephrine (p=0.0026), dopamine (p<0.0001), and metanephrine (p=0.0106) excretion decreased with age. BMI was associated with urinary excretion of dopamine (p<0.0001), norepinephrine (p=0.0026), normetanephrine (p<0.0001), and homovanillylmandelic acid (HVMA; p=0.0251). Urine volume correlated with urinary dopamine (p=0.0127), metanephrine (p<0.0001), normetanephrine (p=0.0070), and HVMA (p<0.0028) excretion. In addition to the established associations between urinary catecholamine excretion and age, gender, and BMI in the present study, urinary catecholamine excretion correlated also with urine volume.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLE FACTOR VIII-ASSAY FOR CLINICAL USE
Authors: Wagenvoord R , Hendrix H , Hemker H C 
Published: June 2019

We have developed an assay for the determination of factor VIII in human plasma. The criteria that such an assay must fulfil are: the method should be simple, the reagents should be stable for several hours at room temperature, the method should be sensitive and linear in the amount of factor VIII. The assay we have developed fulfils all these criteria.The working procedure is simple. Both a lyophilized factor VIII assay (containing factor IXa, thrombin, phospholipids and Ca++) and lyophilized factor X are reconstituted with water. A reaction tube is filled with 100 pi factor VIII assay, prewarmed at 25° or 37 °C, then 100 pi of a diluted (10-20 times) plasma sample is added (t = 0) and after 30 seconds activation time the reaction is started with 100 pi factor X. After 1-2 minutes a sample is taken and diluted in an EDTA-containing buffer to stop the reaction. The formed factor Xa is meausured with a FXa-substrate from which p-nitroaniline will be split, causing an increase of the A405nm. The lyophilized reagents are stable for several months (at least) and after reconstitution they do not loose activity during a whole working day. The sensitivity of the method Is high. A plasma containing 1% factor VIII gives an increase in absorption of three to four times of a fully factor VIII deficient plasma. Extensive studies have shown that a complete linearity excists between 0 - 200% factor VIII in the plasma and the increase of the A405nm
IN VITRO IMMUNE PARAMETERS OF MONOCLATEH, A, MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY PURIFIED HUMAN PLASMA FACTOR VIII:C THERAPEUTIC PREPARATION
Authors: Schreiber A B , Gillette R , Hrinda M E 
Published: June 2019

MonoclateR is a highly purified human factor VIII:C preparation obtained by immunoaffinity chromatography of plasma cryoprecipitat followed by chromatography on aminohexyl sepharose. The resulting product is devoid of alloantigens, can be stabilized in the absence of extraneous human proteins and has a specific activity higher than 3000 U/mg.To ascertain product integrity, we set out to compare MonoclateR preparations with either unfractionated human plasma, cryoprecipitateor commercially available lyophilized antihemophilia factor (AHF) preparations by Western blots. As probes, we utilized a series of monoclonal antibodies to defined factor VIII:C epitopes. The MonoclateR VIII:C chain composition appeared indistinguishable from that in the native state of in commercial, clinically useful preparations.Patients with hemophilia are often afflicted with an impairment of cell-mediated immunity, when treated repeatedly with plasma cryoprecipitate preparations. Those preparations, containing at best 0.2% factor VIII:C in protein content, were found in our hands to dramatically inhibit both human mixed lymphocyte reactions and the phytohemagglutinin induced human lymphocyte mitogenesis. We obtained 50% inhibition at about 1 mg/ml protein concentration. These effects were not due to cytotoxicity nor related to procoagulant potency.MonoclateR, in contrast, was totally devoid of immunosuppressive activity at all concentrations tested. This in vitro finding may be related to clinical observation of corrections in immune impairment in adult hemophiliacs treated with MonoclateR. With this immunological profile, MonoclateR represents in our opinion, a promising novel treatment modality for hemophilia A.