bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of the role of training and fidelity of implementation in the use of assistive communications for children with autism spectrum disorder: a meta‐analysis of the Picture Exchange Communication System
Authors: Lamb Richard , Miller Darcy , Lamb Rebekah , Akmal Tariq , Hsiao Yun‐Ju 
Published: January 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects about 1.4% of children in the US. People with ASD have difficulty with social cues, eye contact, communication and engagement with others. The authors reviewed literature from 2010–2018 to fill in the gaps left by previous meta‐analyses and more specifically to examine the fidelity of implementation and the effectiveness of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) training. Two methods were used to examine and analyse the selected studies in this quantitative synthesis. Those two methods included analysis of moderators using a linear regression and analysis of effect size using Cohen’s d. A search of terms yielded 496 articles initially. The total number of studies (k) selected for the analysis was 19. The weighted average effect size for randomised experimental design when corrected for sample size is d = 0.339 (Small), and for the single case study designs the effect is d = 0.815 (Large).
Community‐consumerism: negotiating risk in online drug communities
Authors: Bilgrei Ola Røed 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study explores the social organisation of risk within online drug‐related communities. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with participants from two Norwegian Internet drug forums, the paper illustrates how participation in such forums influenced notions of risk, and how it supported notions of participants as being informed, responsible and empowered. First, the forums facilitated an easy exchange of user‐generated drug information, which helped members present themselves as informed and competent. Second, members used the communal resources on the forums to negotiate their drug‐using identities, in which they resisted stigma and argued for a responsible drug‐using identity. Third, the social inclusion and sense of community within the forums formed the basis for collective support, which helped empower those involved. Conceptualised as community‐consumerism, these findings highlight the social mechanisms involved in the information self‐sufficiency and decentralisation of authority on the Internet, in which members created an alternative frame of reference for drug use and associated health. The concept of community‐consumerism offers a perspective on the social organisation of risk within online communities and ought to be of relevance for future studies on online health‐related discourses, not only those related to drugs.
Assessing the effects of body‐worn cameras on procedural justice in the Los Angeles Police Department*
Authors: McCluskey John D. , Uchida Craig D. , Solomon Shellie E. , Wooditch Alese , Connor Christine , Revier Lauren 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this article, we explore variations in procedural justice delivered in face‐to‐face encounters with citizens before and after the implementation of body‐worn cameras (BWCs). We draw on recent advances in the measurement of procedural justice using systematic social observation of police in field settings in the Los Angeles Police Department. Data collected on 555 police–citizen encounters are examined in bivariate and multivariate models exploring the primary hypothesis that BWCs affect procedural justice delivered by police directly and indirectly. Our results indicate that significant increases in procedural justice during police–citizen encounters were directly attributable to the effect of BWCs on police behavior as well as to the indirect effects on citizen disrespect and other variables. The implications for policy include explicit measurement and monitoring of procedural justice or elements such as officer discourtesy in departments adopting BWCs. Further research questions such as more detailed examination of citizens’ behavior changes under BWCs are also considered in the context of the findings.
Efficacy of radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation in the treatment of thoracic cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Yuan‐dong , Zhang Hao , Liu Jing‐zhou , Xu Hui‐rong , Wu Hui‐yong , Zhai Hui‐zhuan , Lu Chang‐yan , Zhao Xia , Chen Ye‐qiang , Zhou Lin‐lin , Han Jian‐Jun 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundRadiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation are frequently prescribed for thoracic cancer. However, few writers have been able to draw on any systematic research into the differences between the two ablation methods.MethodsA literature search was carried out using Embase, PUBMED, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases, with additional searches carried out manually using terms associated with thoracic cancer and thermal ablation. Then we used Google Scholar for a complementary search. Data were extracted from studies of patients that underwent radiofrequency ablation or microwave ablation, and the investigator carried out efficacy evaluation and follow up. The data obtained from the literature were summarized and analyzed using Cochrane Revman software Version 5.3 and SPSS 22.0.ResultsThere were seven comparative studies, but no randomized studies identified for data extraction; 246 patients received radiofrequency ablation therapy and 319 controls received microwave ablation. There was no significant difference in the six‐month, one‐year, two‐year, and three‐year survival rates, and adverse reactions were found in the two treatments. For patients’ long‐term survival rate, the two treatments can achieve a similar survival time.ConclusionIn the treatment of thoracic cancer, microwave ablation can achieve the same efficacy as radiofrequency ablation.
Assessment of Extracellular Cytokines in the Hippocampus of the Awake Behaving Rat Using Large‐Molecule Microdialysis Combined with Multiplex Arrays After Acute and Chronic Ethanol Exposure
Authors: Gano Anny , Vore Andrew S. , Sammakia Maryam N. , Deak Terrence 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundStudies have demonstrated persistent changes in central nervous system (CNS) cytokine gene expression following ethanol (EtOH) exposure. However, the low endogenous expression and short half‐lives of cytokines in the CNS have made cytokine protein detection challenging. The goal of these studies was to establish parameters for use of large‐molecule microdialysis and sensitive multiplexing technology for the simultaneous detection of brain cytokines, corticosterone (CORT), and EtOH concentrations in the awake behaving rat.MethodsAdult (P75+) male Sprague Dawley rats that were either naïve to EtOH (Experiment 1) or had a history of adolescent chronic intermittent EtOH (CIE; Experiment 2) were given an acute EtOH challenge during microdialysis. Experiment 1 examined brain EtOH concentrations, CORT and a panel of neuroimmune analytes, including cytokines associated with innate and adaptive immunity. The natural time course of changes in these cytokines was compared to the effects of an acute 1.5 or 3.0 g/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) EtOH challenge. In Experiment 2, rats with a history of adolescent CIE or controls exposed to vehicle were challenged with 3.0 g/kg i.p. EtOH during microdialysis in adulthood, and a panel of cytokines was examined in parallel with brain EtOH concentrations and CORT.ResultsThe microdialysis procedure itself induced a cytokine‐specific response that replicated across studies, specifically a sequential elevation of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and IL‐10. Surprisingly, acute EtOH did not significantly alter this course of cytokine fluctuations in the hippocampus. However, a history of adolescent CIE showed drastic effects on multiple neuroimmune analytes when rechallenged with EtOH as adults. Rats with a history of adolescent EtOH displayed a severely blunted neuroimmune response in adulthood, evinced by suppressed IL‐1β, IL‐10, and TNF‐α.ConclusionsTogether, these findings provide a methodological framework for assessment of cytokine release patterns, their modulation by EtOH, and the long‐lasting changes to neuroimmune reactivity evoked by a history of adolescent CIE.
A Critical Review of Homo Economicus from Five Approaches
Authors: Urbina Dante A. , Ruiz‐Villaverde Alberto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNeoclassical economics is based on and structured around the notion of homo economicus. The theory of consumer choice, the theory of the firm, industrial organization, and welfare theorems all require the assumption that agents act in accordance with the scheme of individualistic rational optimization. In this context, our contribution is threefold. First, we delimit the notion of homo economicus according to five characteristics or dimensions. Second, we critically review this anthropological scheme from five distinct approaches, namely, behavioral economics, institutional economics, political economy, economic anthropology, and ecological economics. Third, we conclude that the scheme of homo economicus is clearly inadequate and deficient. However, despite its inadequacies, it remains one of the fundamental pillars of the neoclassical paradigm in economics, which allows us to discuss why we have not yet overcome this paradigm.
Dysregulated fatty acid metabolism in nasal polyp‐derived eosinophils from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Miyata Jun , Fukunaga Koichi , Kawashima Yusuke , Watanabe Takashi , Saitoh Akina , Hirosaki Tomomi , Araki Yasutomo , Kikawada Toru , Betsuyaku Tomoko , Ohara Osamu , Arita Makoto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundEosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes capable of releasing various cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators. We previously reported dysregulated fatty acid metabolism in peripheral blood‐derived eosinophils from patients with severe asthma. However, functional characteristics of eosinophils present in allergic inflammatory tissues remain largely uncharacterized.MethodsWe established a method for isolating CD69hi CCR3low CXCR4‐ siglec‐8int eosinophils from nasal polyps of patients with eosinophilic rhinosinusitis (NP‐EOS). Multi‐omics analysis including lipidomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics was performed to analyze NP‐EOS as compared to peripheral blood‐derived eosinophils from healthy subjects (PB‐EOS).ResultsLipidomic analysis revealed impaired synthesis of prostaglandins and 15‐lipoxygenase (15‐LOX)‐derived mediators, and selective upregulation of leukotriene D4 production. Furthermore, proteomics and transcriptomics revealed changes in the expression of specific enzymes (GGT5, DPEP2, and 15‐LOX) responsible for dysregulated lipid metabolism. Ingenuity pathway analysis indicated the importance of type 2 cytokines and pattern recognition receptor pathways. Stimulation of PB‐EOS with eosinophil activators IL‐5, GM‐CSF, and agonists of TLR2 and NOD2 mimicked the observed changes in lipid metabolism.ConclusionInflammatory tissue‐derived eosinophils possess a specific phenotype with dysregulated fatty acid metabolism that may be targeted therapeutically to control eosinophilic inflammatory diseases.
Effect of continuous venovenous haemodialysis on outcome and pharmacokinetics of arsenic species in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukaemia and acute kidney injury
Authors: Gao Chunlu , Fan Shengjin , Hostetter Thomas H. , Wang Wenjing , Li Jing , Guo Meihua , Zhou Jin , Hai Xin 
Published: January 2019

This study presents outcome and pharmacokinetics of arsenic trioxide (ATO) metabolites in patients on continuous venovenous haemodialysis (CVVHD). Of 3 acute promyelocytic leukaemia patients receiving CVVHD in management of acute kidney injury, only 1 patient was included. The patient presented disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute kidney injury before induction therapy was conducted. CVVHD was performed and ATO was initiated. Species of ATO metabolites in plasma and effluent were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography–hydride generation–atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of AsIII, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid with CVVHD were lower than those without CVVHD. Area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to the last sample with quantifiable concentration of AsIII without CVVHD was significantly higher than that with CVVHD (292.10 ng h/mL vs 195.86 ng h/mL, P = .037), which were not observed for monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid. Dialysate saturation of arsenic species was remarkable, especially for AsIII. Complete remission was achieved and renal function recovered. In this study, ATO can be used safely and effectively to treat acute promyelocytic leukaemia patients undergoing CVVHD without dose adjustment.
Preliminary evidence about irritability in patients with epilepsy treated by perampanel as first add‐on therapy compared to levetiracetam and valproic acid
Authors: Liguori Claudio , Turner Katherine , Izzi Francesca , Assogna Martina , Canevini Maria P. , Mercuri Nicola B. , Placidi Fabio 
Published: January 2019

SummaryAimsIrritability has been described as a frequent adverse event in patients affected by epilepsy and treated with perampanel (PER), levetiracetam (LEV), and less frequently with valproic acid (VPA). Since the questionnaire for irritability (I‐EPI) is a validated instrument to measure this psychiatric manifestation in patients affected by epilepsy, in this study we aimed at investigating the effect of PER as first add‐on therapy on I‐EPI. Moreover, we compared the effectiveness and I‐EPI scores obtained at 12‐month follow‐up visits in patients treated by PER, LEV, or VPA in order to measure irritability as a consequence of these treatments.MethodsWe collected data from 17 patients treated by PER, 16 patients treated by LEV, and 16 patients under VPA treatment followed for 12 months.ResultsWe did not document significant changes of I‐EPI questionnaire between baseline and follow‐up in the PER group. As concerning the comparison of I‐EPI among PER, LEV, and VPA groups, we documented lower global scores in PER than both LEV (P< 0.05) and VPA (P< 0.05) groups. Moreover, patients under PER treatment showed lower scores than LEV and VPA (P< 0.05) in I‐EPI items measuring the gentle personality, anxiety of having epileptic seizures in front of others, and irritability in thinking that they can have an epileptic seizure.ConclusionsThis retrospective study described a stable and possibly lower degree of irritability in patients starting PER than LEV and VPA treatments, although we documented the comparable effectiveness of PER, LEV, and VPA as first add‐on treatments in patients affected by uncontrolled epileptic seizures. However, the small sample of patients included in this study and the absence of I‐EPI scores obtained at baseline visits in LEV and VPA groups require further investigations to confirm this preliminary evidence.
Fuzzy spatio‐temporal ontologies and formal construction based on fuzzy Petri nets
Authors: Cheng Haitao , Yan Li , Ma Zongmin , Ribarić Slobodan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFuzzy spatio‐temporal knowledge is required in a wide range of application fields, including GIS, spatio‐temporal database, and artificial intelligence. Ontology, as a formal method of knowledge representation, plays a key role in the Semantic Web. Therefore, how to extend ontologies to represent fuzzy spatio‐temporal knowledge needs to be solved. In this paper, we propose an approach for representing fuzzy spatio‐temporal knowledge with ontologies and investigate a formal construction of fuzzy spatio‐temporal ontologies based on fuzzy Petri nets. First, we propose a formal definition of fuzzy spatio‐temporal ontologies. In addition, based on fuzzy description logic, a description logic named the fuzzy spatio‐temporal description logic, which provides a logical basis for the fuzzy spatio‐temporal ontologies, is presented. Furthermore, a fuzzy spatio‐temporal web ontology language, which is fuzzy and spatio‐temporal extension of standard ontology language OWL, is proposed to make the fuzzy spatio‐temporal ontologies easy to use and support efficient reasoning. On the basis of fuzzy spatio‐temporal ontologies, we investigate a formal approach for constructing fuzzy spatio‐temporal ontologies from fuzzy spatio‐temporal Petri nets, ie, transforming fuzzy spatio‐temporal Petri nets (including Petri net model and Petri net instance) into fuzzy spatio‐temporal ontologies at both structure and instance levels. Finally, we prove the correctness of the transformation and provide a detailed transformation example.
The prognostic role of Gender‐Age‐Physiology system in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients treated with pirfenidone
Authors: Harari Sergio , Caminati Antonella , Confalonieri Marco , Poletti Venerino , Vancheri Carlo , Pesci Alberto , Rogliani Paola , Luppi Fabrizio , Agostini Carlo , Rottoli Paola , Sanduzzi Zamparelli Alessandro , Sebastiani Alfredo , Della Porta Rossana , Salton Francesco , Messore Barbara , Tomassetti Sara , Rosso Roberta , Biffi Alice , Puxeddu Ermanno , Cerri Stefania , Cinetto Francesco , Refini Rosa Metella , Bocchino Marialuisa , Di Michele Loreta , Specchia Claudia , Albera Carlo ,   the ILDINET (Interstitial Lung Diseases Italian Network)
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionGender, age, physiology (GAP) system have proven to be an easy tool for predicting disease stages and survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients.ObjectiveTo validate mortality risk as determined by the GAP system in a real‐life multicentre IPF population treated with pirfenidone.MethodsThe study included patients who received pirfenidone for at least 6 months. The GAP calculator and the GAP index were determined. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. The prognostic accuracy of the GAP system was evaluated with respect to calibration and discrimination.Results and ConclusionSixty‐eight IPF patients were enrolled in the study. The median follow‐up was 2.4 years (range 0.1‐7.4 years). A total of 22 deaths as first event (32%) and of 10 lung transplantation (15%) were recorded. The cumulative incidence of mortality at 1, 2 and 3 years was 10.4%, 22.4% and 38.4%, respectively. The differences between the predicted and observed mortality were not significant for the GAP index while the observed mortality become comparable to that predicted by the GAP calculator only in the third year of follow‐up. The C‐index for the GAP index was 0.74 (95% CI 0.57‐0.93) while the C‐statistic value for the GAP calculator was 0.77 (95% CI 0.59‐0.95).
Prognostic value of the PaO2/FiO2 ratio determined at the end‐surgery stage of a double‐lung transplantation
Authors: Fessler Julien , Thes Jacques , Pirracchio Romain , Godement Mathieu , Sage Edouard , Roux Antoine , Parquin François , Cerf Charles , Fischler Marc , Le Guen Morgan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated the prognostic role of the arterial oxygen partial pressure/fractional inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) measured at the end of double‐lung transplantation (DLT).MethodsThis was a monocentric cohort study of all consecutive DLT patients between January 1, 2012, and January 1, 2016, except patients with preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass, postoperative ECMO, large patent foramen ovale, redo transplantation during the study period, and multiorgan transplantation.ResultsA total of 164 patients were included in the study; 45 had a PaO2/FiO2 ratio <200, 39 a ratio in the range 200‐300, and 80 a ratio >300. The risk of being in the lower ratio group is positively related to body mass index, preoperative pulmonary hypertension, and fibrosis. It is negatively related to emergency surgery, age, and intraoperative institution of ECMO. There was a trend for more grade 3 pulmonary graft dysfunction at day 3 in the worst PaO2/FiO2 ratio group. Mortality at 1000 days was similar for all patients and even after exclusion of patients who had required intraoperative ECMO.ConclusionPaO2/FiO2 ratio measured at the end of DLT does not forecast 1000‐day mortality.
Walking and living independently with spina bifida: a 50‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Oakeshott Pippa , Poulton Alison , Hunt Gillian M , Reid Fiona 
Published: January 2019

AimTo describe trends in walking and living independently in a cohort of consecutive cases of spina bifida, followed‐up over 50 years.MethodFrom 1972 to 2017, a cohort of 117 (born 1963–1971, 50 males, 67 females) survivors and/or carers was surveyed approximately every 5 years by clinical examination and/or postal questionnaire/telephone interview. The Office for National Statistics provided details of deaths.ResultsThe follow‐up in 2016 and 2017 was 99% (116/117). There were 37 survivors (17 males, 20 females) aged 46 to 53 years and 79 deaths (50y survival, 32%). The percentage of survivors who could walk more than 50m at the mean ages of 9 years, 18 years, 25 years, 30 years, 35 years, 40 years, 45 years, and 50 years was 51% (38/75), 50% (34/68), 33% (20/61), 30% (17/57), 30% (16/54), 30% (14/46), 31% (12/39), and 27% (10/37) respectively. However, the percentage living independently in the community after age 25 years increased over time: 23% (14/61); 37% (21/57); 41% (22/54); 39% (18/46); 56% (22/39); and 54% (20/37). Living independently at age 50 years was more common in survivors without a history of raised intracranial pressure or cerebrospinal fluid shunt revisions.InterpretationIn this unselected cohort, mobility declined with age, possibly because of increasing obesity and deteriorating health. By contrast, partly because survival was better in those least disabled, the percentage living independently increased.What this paper adds

By age 50 years, the percentage of patients who could walk more than 50m had declined to 27%.

By age 50 years, the percentage living independently had doubled to over 50%.

Survivors without a history of raised intracranial pressure or cerebrospinal fluid shunt revision are more likely to live independently.
Dactylopius opuntiae, a new prickly pear cactus pest in the Mediterranean: an overview
Authors: Mazzeo Gaetana , Nucifora Salvatore , Russo Agatino , Suma Pompeo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Opuntia cochineal scale or false carmine cochineal scale, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae), is spreading rapidly in many countries, especially in the Mediterranean basin, where it has become a serious pest of prickly pear crops, Opuntia ficus‐indica (L.) Miller (Cactaceae). This crop is an important food resource both for humans and livestock. The cochineal was originally used as a biological agent to control cactaceous weeds in many countries where Opuntiaceae had been introduced. Currently, in some countries where the prickly pear is no longer considered a weed but a productive crop, as in the Mediterranean area, D. opuntiae has changed its role from a highly prized biological control agent to the status of serious pest. This paper provides an overview of the current knowledge on D. opuntiae for farmers and stakeholders in order to indicate the most appropriate way to limit or counteract the spread of this pest especially in new cultivated areas.