bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Epidural Infusion Bolus Delivery Rate on the Duration of Labor Analgesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lange E.M.S. , Wong C.A. , Fitzgerald P.C. , Davila W.F. , Rao S. , McCarthy R.J. , Toledo P. 
Published: February 2019

(Anesthesiology. 2018;128:745–753)
Neuraxial labor analgesia is usually administered by a combination of continuous infusion, clinician-administered boluses, and patient-administered boluses via patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). While the ideal labor analgesia regimen has yet to be determined, studies suggest programmed intermittent epidural boluses (PIEB) may be a superior option. PIEB has been shown to require less local anesthetic, reduce need for clinician intervention, and results in less motor block compared with a continuous infusion. High-rate delivery of epidural boluses may improve drug distribution when compared with low-rate administration as it increases delivery pressure at the catheter tip. The authors hypothesized that compared with women maintained using a low-rate PIEB and PCEA regimen, a high rate PIEB and PCEA regimen would result in less breakthrough pain, reduced PCEA request-to-delivery ratios, decreased bupivacaine consumption, and fewer provider-administered supplemental boluses.
Predictors of Sleep-disordered Breathing in Pregnancy
Authors: Louis J.M. , Koch M.A. , Reddy U.M. , Silver R.M. , Parker C.B. , Facco F.L. , Redline S. , Nhan-Chang C.L. , Chung J.H. , Pien G.W. , Basner R.C. , Grobman W.A. , Wing D.A. , Simhan H.N. , Haas D.M. , Mercer B.M. , Parry S. , Mobley D. , Carper B. , Saade G.R. , Schubert F.P. , Zee P.C. 
Published: February 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218:521.e1–e12)
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of complications and adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia, venous thromboembolism, severe maternal morbidity, preterm delivery, and maternal death. Identifying women with SDB is difficult, however, as SDB symptoms are not very specific. The best method for diagnosis of SDB is overnight polysomnography, which is expensive and inconvenient. This study used a large cohort of pregnant women to establish clinically feasible prediction models for SDB.
Clinical Assessment and Brain Findings in a Cohort of Mothers, Fetuses, and Infants Infected With ZIKA Virus
Authors: Sanz Cortes M. , Rivera A.M. , Yepez M. , Guimaraes C.V. , Diaz Yunes I. , Zarutskie A. , Davila I. , Shetty A. , Mahadev A. , Serrano S.M. , Castillo N. , Lee W. , Valentine G. , Belfort M. , Parra G. , Mohila C. , Aagaard K. , Parra Saavedra M. 
Published: February 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218:440.e1–e36)
Perinatal infection of women with Zika virus (ZIKV) results in congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS) in 10% of cases. CZS results in brain and ocular malformations, microcephaly, congenital deafness, limb contractures, and arthrogryposis. However, there is lack of consensus regarding the diagnosis and prognosis of CZS, and screening recommendations for the detection of fetuses affected by CZS range from screening for microcephaly alone to a full neuroanatomic evaluation. The objectives of the current study were (1) to assess the prevalence of microcephaly and other brain findings in infected and affected fetuses and infants, (2) to compare these findings with other congenital ZIKV series reported to date, and (3) to provide quantitative measures of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of fetal and infant brain imaging.
Interfascial Plane Blocks: Back to Basics
Authors: Elsharkawy H. , Pawa A. , Mariano E.R. 
Published: February 2019

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43:341–346)
Interfascial plane blocks have been a rapidly growing set of regional anesthesia techniques since the introduction of ultrasound use. The first interfascial plane block was the transversus abdominus plane block and the number of blocks has increased with varied locations. There are uncertainties around newer interfascial plane blocks, including the exact targets of the blocks and their role in safe opioid-free pain management. This article aimed to clarify the function and anatomy of the fascia, explain the uses and limitations of the interfascial plane blocks and clarify their role in a contemporary clinical context.
Tracking Indigenous Applicants Through the Admissions Process of a Socially Accountable Medical School
Authors: Mian Oxana , Hogenbirk John C. , Marsh David C. , Prowse Owen , Cain Miriam , Warry Wayne 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
To describe the admissions process and outcomes for Indigenous applicants to the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM), a Canadian medical school with the mandate to recruit students whose demographics reflect the service region’s population.

Method
The authors examined 10-year trends (2006–2015) for self-identified Indigenous applicants through major admission stages. Demographics (age, sex, northern and rural backgrounds) and admission scores (grade point average [GPA], preinterview, multiple mini-interview [MMI], final), along with score-based ranks, of Indigenous and non-Indigenous applicants were compared using Pearson chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between Indigenous status and likelihood of admission outcomes (interviewed, received offer, admitted).

Results
Indigenous qualified applicants (338/17,060; 2.0%) were more likely to be female, mature (25 or older), or of northern or rural background than non-Indigenous applicants. They had lower GPA-based ranks than non-Indigenous applicants (P < .001) but had comparable preinterview-, MMI-, and final-score-based ranks across all admission stages. Indigenous applicants were 2.4 times more likely to be interviewed and 2.5 times more likely to receive an admission offer, but 3 times less likely to accept an offer than non-Indigenous applicants. Overall, 41/338 (12.1%) Indigenous qualified applicants were admitted compared with 569/16,722 (3.4%) non-Indigenous qualified applicants.

Conclusions
Increased representation of Indigenous peoples among applicants admitted to medical school can be achieved through the use of socially accountable admissions. Further tracking of Indigenous students through medical education and practice may help assess the effectiveness of NOSM’s social accountability admissions process.
Vulvovaginal Discomfort Is Common in Both Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Watson LaTina J. , James Kaitlyn E. , Hatoum Moeller Ida J. , Mitchell Caroline M. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives
We surveyed women from a primary care population to assess the prevalence of unreported vulvovaginal symptoms.

Materials and Methods
A random sample of women aged 18 to 84 years without a diagnosis of vulvovaginitis or vulvodynia in the past year were surveyed anonymously about prevalence and severity of vulvar and vaginal symptoms of itching, burning, irritation, vaginal discharge, vaginal dryness, and vulvovaginal pain in the past month. Women reporting at least 1 moderate-severe symptom were considered symptomatic. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between women with and without symptoms using Pearson's χ2 and Student's t test.

Results
Of 1,676 mailed surveys, 272 (16.2%) were returned. Respondents were primarily non-Hispanic (254, 93.4%), White (214, 78.7%), and English speaking (267, 98.2%). More than a third of women (107, 39.3%) reported 1 or more moderate-severe symptoms. Symptomatic women were younger (49 ± 14 years vs 54 ± 15 years, p = .004) and more likely to report a history of asthma (22% vs 12%, p = .028), eczema or seasonal allergies (56% vs 40%, p = .011), or a previous diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis or yeast (36% vs 15%, p < .001) than asymptomatic women. Premenopausal versus postmenopausal women reported similar prevalence of moderate-severe symptoms: 57/136 (42%) vs 50/136 (37%), respectively (p = .39). Symptoms frequently or always interfered with both interest in sex (33/107, 31%) and ability to have sex (32/107, 30%).

Conclusions
This study suggests that moderate-severe vulvovaginal symptoms are prevalent in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women and that these symptoms have a significant impact on sexual health.
Can revenue management be integrated with customer relationship management?
Authors: Denizci Guillet Basak , Shi Xinchen 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand how and to what extent Hong Kong hotels have integrated customer relationship management (CRM) into their revenue management (RM) practices at individual customer level.MethodSemi-structured interviews were used to gather information from experienced interviewees holding hotel RM- and marketing-related executive positions. In total, 11 revenue and 9 marketing executives were interviewed in 2016-2017 over a period of 13 weeks. The data were transcribed and then Nvivo was used for data organization and analysis.FindingsThe hotels do not systematically segment customers by value because of restraints on the RM systems’ capabilities and the industry’s conventional segmentations. The revenue and marketing executives’ attitudes toward integration, IT system infrastructure support to enable integration, loyalty and membership programs as a means for integration and executive management level support for integration influence the hotel’s potential for RM and CRM integration.Research Limitations/implicationsOnly the perspectives of revenue and marketing executives were considered. Incorporating the insights of different parties may achieve a more comprehensive result. In addition, because it seems that there is no systematic RM and CRM integration within the Hong Kong hotel industry, relevant decision-makers’ opinions toward the practice may change once they evaluate the performance of the pioneering practitioner.OriginalityThis study reveals what has been done in practice to integrate RM and CRM compared with the theoretical approach, proposes an integration framework and discusses the potential for further development together with the challenges to integration.
An assessment of economic viability of jatropha plantation in North East India
Authors: Goswami Kishor , Choudhury Hari K. , Hazarika Atanu , Tripathi Rohit 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the economic viability of jatropha plantation in North East India.Design/methodology/approachEconomic viability is measured through the net present value and the benefit–cost ratio (BCR) at four different production standards along with four different prices of jatropha seed.FindingsAt a very low price and small production, jatropha plantation is economically not feasible. However, when the price of seed increases from INR 5 to 8, BCRs become greater than 1, provided that the discount rate is less than equal to 8 per cent. The minimum threshold of BCR indicates that the threshold of 1.5 BCR at a production level of 1.5 tons/ha can be achieved with a combination of seed price of INR 10 per kg and a discount rate of 1 to 3 per cent. Thus, jatropha cultivation is economically viable but not highly profitable.Research limitations/implicationsPresent study analyzes the economic viability of jatropha plantation from purely financial point of view. Social cost and benefit of energy crop plantation is not included in the study. This suggests to adopt social cost–benefit analysis to evaluate the overall feasibility of plantation crops in future studies.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the academic literature of economic viability of energy plantation crops. Economic viability of jatropha plantation is shown in different cost and revenue conditions with statistical evidences.
The bimodal adult activity of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) caught in pheromone traps in Jeju can be explained by the competitive attractiveness of dying pine trees
Authors: Kwon Soon Hwa , Go Myeong Su , Park Junghun , Han Tae‐Wan , Kim Kyeong‐Beom , Shin Chang‐Hoon , Kim Dong‐Soon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is known to be the primary vector of pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle that causes pine wilt disease. Adult activity of M. alternatus caught in a pheromone trap on Jeju Island of Korea showed a bimodal form with the first peak in mid to late June and the second peak in mid to late September. The two peaks were separated between mid and late August, showing a valley. Accumulated degree‐days predicted that the emergence of the second generation adults could be possible just before the second peak. But actually no adults of the second generation occurred in the field development experiments of M. alternatus in 2016 and 2017. Pine trees without oleoresin flow (namely dying trees by the infection of pinewood nematode) were abundant during early July to early August. The bimodal adult activity pattern of M. alternatus could be partially explained by the competitive attractiveness of dying trees against pheromone traps, when we accepted the assumption that dying pine trees attract strongly M. alternatus.
A framework to measure the wildness of managed large vertebrate populations
Authors: Child Matthew F. , Selier S. A. Jeanetta , Radloff Frans G. T. , Taylor W. Andrew , Hoffmann Michael , Nel Lizanne , Power R. John , Birss Coral , Okes Nicola C. , Peel Michael J. , Mallon David , Davies‐Mostert Harriet 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs landscapes continue to fall under human influence through habitat loss and fragmentation, fencing is increasingly being used to mitigate anthropogenic threats and enhance the commercial value of wildlife. Subsequent intensification of management potentially erodes wildness by disembodying populations from landscape‐level processes, thereby disconnecting species from natural selection. Tools are needed to measure the degree to which populations of large vertebrate species in formally protected and privately owned wildlife areas are self‐sustaining and free to adapt. We devised a framework to measure such wildness based on 6 attributes relating to the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of vertebrates (space, disease and parasite resistance, exposure to predation, exposure to limitations and fluctuations of food and water supply, and reproduction). For each attribute, we set empirical, species‐specific thresholds between 5 wildness states based on quantifiable management interventions. We analysed data from 205 private wildlife properties with management objectives spanning ecotourism to consumptive utilization to test the framework on 6 herbivore species representing a range of conservation statuses and commercial values. Wildness scores among species differed significantly, and the proportion of populations identified as wild ranged from 12% to 84%, which indicates the tool detected site‐scale differences both among populations of different species and populations of the same species under different management regimes. By quantifying wildness, this framework provides practitioners with standardized measurement units that link biodiversity with the sustainable use of wildlife. Applications include informing species management plans at local scales; standardizing the inclusion of managed populations in red‐list assessments; and providing a platform for certification and regulation of wildlife‐based economies. Applying this framework may help embed wildness as a normative value in policy and mitigate the shifting baseline of what it means to truly conserve a species.
Substrate moisture, particle size and temperature preferences of trap‐building larvae of sympatric antlions and wormlions from the rainforest of Borneo
Authors: Miler Krzysztof , Yahya Bakhtiar E. , Czarnoleski Marcin 
Published: February 2019

1. Larvae of antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) and wormlions (Diptera: Vermileonidae) display a convergently evolved sit‐and‐wait hunting strategy of building pitfall traps in sandy areas. This study investigated a sympatric population of antlions and wormlions in the lowland rainforest of Borneo for substrate moisture, particle size and temperature preferences. It was hypothesised that these animals would show different preferences regarding these microhabitat traits.2. The results showed that antlions had a higher aversion to moisture compared with wormlions, but that wormlions had a higher preference for small‐particle sand. Furthermore, thermal preferences in antlions and wormlions were significantly different, with antlions choosing higher temperatures.3. The detected differences between antlions and wormlions might contribute to their niche partitioning in the mixed Bornean population and thus facilitate coexistence of these animals. It is possible that the hotter and dryer microhabitat edges are preferred by antlions.
Female choice for sick males over healthy males: Consequences for offspring
Authors: Reyes‐Ramírez Alicia , Enríquez‐Vara Jhony N. , Rocha‐Ortega Maya , Téllez‐García Aldo , Córdoba‐Aguilar Alex 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSexual selection theory indicates that ornament expression in males is in close relation to their condition. This “honesty” relationship serves as the basis for female choice: Females would mate with healthy males over sick males after assessing male ornament signal expression and derive benefits for their progeny. Here, we investigated female mate choice for infected and non‐infected males, male survival after infection (to corroborate the negative effect of infection), and fitness consequences of female preferences using Tenebrio molitor beetles. Male infection was produced having two types of challenges as follows: males infected with entomopathogenic fungi and males infected with nylon implants. Similar to previous studies, we corroborated that females preferred fungus‐infected males over positive control, negative control, and nylon‐challenged males. Survival was the lowest for fungus‐treated males followed by nylon‐treated and control males. Females mated with fungus‐treated males laid fewer and smaller eggs, and the laid eggs had less lipid content with a reduced eclosion success compared to females mated with non‐challenged males. Our interpretation is that fungus‐treated males invested their energetic resources to increase their attractiveness at the risk of survival, in a terminal investment fashion. Females, however, would have corrected their choice by investing less in their offspring.
Performance evaluation of various classifiers for predicting knee angle from electromyography signals
Authors: Dhindsa Inderjeet Singh , Agarwal Ravinder , Ryait Hardeep Singh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a classification‐based knee angle prediction from myoelectric signals. Surface electromyographic signals were recorded from four muscles in the lower limb while performing the task of standing up from a chair and sitting down on the chair. Knee angle was measured using a goniometer and quantised into five levels/classes. The surface electromyographic signals were segmented using overlapped windowing. Fifteen features per muscle were extracted and fed to the classifier. The classifier predicts the class of the knee angle at a particular instant This study examines the performance of linear discriminant analysis, Naive Bayes, k‐nearest neighbour, and support vector machine classifiers. The support vector machine classifier with a quadratic kernel performed best, with a classification accuracy of 92.2 ± 2.2%, a sensitivity of 90.19 ± 3.06%, a specificity of 98.11 ± 0.63%, and 89.38 ± 3.0% precision.
Forecasting the genetic influences of red drum stock enhancement in South Carolina
Authors: Katalinas Christopher J. , Robinson John D. , Strand Allan E. , Darden Tanya , Brenkert Karl , Denson Michael R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) began stocking red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus), in 1989 to augment the abundance of juveniles available for recreational harvest in South Carolina estuaries. While stock enhancement can help supplement wild populations under high fishing pressure, releasing hatchery‐raised fish into the wild also presents the risk of decreased genetic diversity. An individual‐based model (IBM) was developed to forecast the genetic influences of stocking on the wild spawning population to inform responsible stocking strategies. Model results indicated the SCDNR red drum stock enhancement programme should maintain mean contributions of stocked fish no greater than 30% per year class over a 45‐year stocking period, coupled with at least 10 effective breeders in the hatchery replaced annually, to maintain current levels of genetic diversity estimated in the wild population. The IBM is a useful tool for hatchery managers to guide responsible stock enhancement.
The immune regulatory role of neutrophils
Authors: Altmann Daniel M. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryNeutrophils are appreciated to perform a wide range of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory effector functions in diverse settings. These go far beyond the response to acute infection, encompassing sterile injury, autoimmunity, allergy and tumours. There is growing appreciation of the nuances of their modes of action, especially elucidation of the nature and consequences of NETosis. New work suggests that it is time to give greater consideration to the anti‐inflammatory role of neutrophils, such as in the control of cytokine release during sepsis.
Rule Comes First: The Influences of Market Attributes on Interpersonal Trust in the Marketization Process
Authors: Zhang Yue , Xin Ziqiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrevious research has found negative effects of “market” as a global concept on trust. The current research differentiated the effects of two market attributes on trust. Study 1 found a negative effect of market priming on interpersonal trust. Study 2 manipulated the representations of the two market attributes by rendering either impetus or rule attribute relatively salient. The results showed that compared with highlighting impetus, highlighting rule improved interpersonal trust and facilitated trust recovery. In Study 3, we analyzed macroeconomic indicators and applied cross‐temporal meta‐analysis to reveal the negative relationship between reduced interpersonal trust and damaged market rule as reflected by the marketization index. The present research explains why Chinese marketization has negatively impacted interpersonal trust: Market rules that protect interpersonal trust have been weakened during the process of marketization, whereas the impetus attribute of market, which is harmful to interpersonal trust, has become more salient. These findings highlight the importance of establishing comprehensive market rules.