bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on simulation training for midwifery science trainers in Windhoek, Namibia
Authors: Nghitanwa Emma Maano , Endjala Tuwilika , Hatupopi Saara Kerthu 
Published: August 2019

Simulation training refines skills needed to correct mistakes by allowing trainees to fine tune their skills. To improve the knowledge and skills of the midwifery educators, a simulation training has been organised for them so that they are able to provide simulation to the students. This was in part necessitated by the understanding/observation that students tend to be less anxious at the clinical practice after they had simulation training. A quantitative, cross-sectional study design was employed. Data was collected with structured self-administered questionnaires among 10 midwifery trainers who attended a simulation training workshop. This workshop was conducted by trainers from Cardiff University under the Phoenix project in June 2016. Due to the limited number of trained educators, census sampling method was used and data was analysed using SPSS version 25. The study results indicated that most midwifery educators are female within middle age category. Most participants have attended simulation training before and have been conducting simulation to students. Furthermore, most participants indicated that they were satisfied with the training and that they gained knowledge and skills on simulation that they can utilize during student training. The researchers recommend further research on evaluation of knowledge and skills such as evaluating participants on simulating procedures.
Consommation de substances psychoactives et orientation sexuelle
Authors: Velter Annie , Saurel-Cubizolles Marie-Josèphe , Lhomond Brigitte 
Published: August 2019

Objectif

Étudier les différences dans la fréquence de consommation d’alcool et de drogues selon l’orientation sexuelle chez les hommes et les femmes.

Méthode

L’Enquête Presse Gays et Lesbiennes 2011 est une enquête transversale autoadministrée basée sur le volontariat, disponible sur des sites Internet gays et lesbiens. Les répondant(e)s âgés de 18 ans ou plus, résidant en France et ayant eu des rapports sexuels au cours de leur vie, ont été retenus pour cette analyse. La consommation d’alcool est décrite par la fréquence de consommation dans les douze derniers mois, le nombre de verres par jour et la fréquence de consommation de six verres ou plus au cours d’une même occasion. La consommation de cannabis, d’ecstasy ou de cocaïne est décrite par l’usage de ces substances une fois ou plus au cours des douze derniers mois. Les analyses ont comparé, pour chaque sexe, l’orientation sexuelle définie par l’auto-identification et le sexe des partenaires. L’auto-identification en tant que « bisexuel(le) » ou « gay/lesbienne » était disponible pour 2 675 femmes et 8 725 hommes ; l’information sur le sexe des partenaires au cours de la vie pour 2 747 femmes et 9 001 hommes et celle sur le sexe des partenaires des douze derniers mois pour 2 871 femmes et 8 974 hommes.

Résultats

Alors que des variations sociodémographiques et de biographie sexuelle importantes sont observées selon l’auto-identification, la consommation de substances varie moins selon l’auto-identification que selon le sexe des partenaires, pour les femmes comme pour les hommes. Les répondant(e)s qui ont eu des partenaires des deux sexes déclaraient des consommations plus importantes d’alcool et de drogues.
Les éléments du mode de vie, de détresse psychologique ou de discrimination ne permettent pas d’expliquer ces différences de consommation selon le sexe des partenaires.

Conclusion

Comprendre ce qui sous-tend ces consommations reste un enjeu majeur de santé publique.
L’oralité dans Allah Superstar : représentations, tensions, traduction
Authors: Mével Pierre-Alexis 
Published: August 2019

Cet article se penche sur la manière dont le français des banlieues – une variété linguistique très largement orale – est utilisé à des fins narratives et esthétiques dans le roman de Y. B.Allah Superstar, et suggère des pistes pour sa traduction en anglais. On répondra aux questions suivantes : comment l’oralité est-elle représentée à l’écrit dans le roman? Quels sont les ramifications idéologiques et les enjeux de la traduction de ces caractéristiques orales du discours écrit? Le romanAllah Superstar, de par sa narration inhabituelle, écrit comme s’il était la transcription d’un numéro destand-up, propose un champ d’études idéal pour la représentation de l’oralité et de sa traduction. Le narrateur utilise de nombreux traits caractéristiques du français dits des banlieues, ce qui soulève des problèmes idéologiques tant l’utilisation d’une variété non standard de manière aussi systématique est inhabituelle à l’écrit, et étire les possibilités de la langue et la subvertit. L’analyse de l’oralité dans le roman de Y. B. permet d’illustrer la tension inhérente à la banlieue et à sa littérature : prise entre la variété standard de la langue et les conventions de l’écrit d’un côté, et la nécessité d’en repousser les limites pour exprimer une forme de différence de l’autre, l’auteur puise dans les ressources linguistiques non standard et en étire les codes et les normes pour donner naissance à un étrangement qui soulève des enjeux importants pour le processus traductionnel. On fournira des pistes pour la manière d’approcher la traduction de cette banlieue, à la fois proche et lointaine, et du roman de Y. B. et de la voix de son narrateur qui oscille entre familiarité et étrangeté.
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Model for Prioritizing Alternative Strategies for Malaria Control
Authors: Simon Joel , Adamu Ali , Abdulkadir Ahmed , Henry Akpensuen Shiaondo 
Published: August 2019

Aim: “This study Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Model for Malaria Control” was aimed at using analytical hierarchy process model to prioritize alternative strategies for malaria control.
Place and the Duration of the Study: The study was carried out in Bauchi State, Nigeria from May, 2017 to June, 2019.
Methodology: The study used primary and secondary data. The secondary data were the identified alternatives strategies for malaria control and the criteria for evaluating these strategies obtained from malaria control journals and World Health Organization report. The criteria and malaria control strategies were used as input for developing a 9-point scale used in a questionnaire to obtained responses from the Experts in scoring the pairwise comparison of the criteria and the alternatives. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model was used to develop the pairwise comparison matrices from the Experts opinions. Computations were carried out with the help of computer software, business performance management Singapore (BPMSG-AHP ONLINE).
Results:The result of the analysis shows that the use of insecticide treated nets was ranked the best strategy for malaria control (AHP score 0.348). Based on the findings of this paper, it is recommended that the use of treated mosquito net should be given much attention in controlling malaria in Nigeria.
Conclusion:We therefore conclude that in a multi -criteria decision making situation, AHP is a powerful tool to assists decision makers.
Functional and structural characterization of HspB1/Hsp27 from Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Sha Eiryo , Nakamura Manami , Ankai Kazuya , Yamamoto Yohei Y. , Oka Toshihiko , Yohda Masafumi 
Published: August 2019

Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) endow cells with stress tolerance. Of the various sHsps in mammals, HspB1, also known as Hsp27, is the most ubiquitous. To examine the structure and function of HspB1, we expressed, purified, and characterized HspB1 from Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) ovary cells (CgHspB1). CgHspB1 forms a large oligomeric structure. We observed a monodisperse 16‐mer with an elongated sphere, but this is affected by changes in various conditions, including temperature. Under dilute conditions, CgHspB1 dissociates into small oligomers at elevated temperatures. The dissociated conformers interacted with the gel filtration column through hydrophobic interactions. In contrast, dissociation of the oligomer was not observed by small‐angle X‐ray scattering at 55 °C. The result partially coincides with the results of size exclusion chromatography, showing that dissociation did not occur at high protein concentrations. However, a significant structural change in the oligomeric conformations appears to occur between room and higher temperatures. Reflecting their status as homeotherms, mammalian sHsps are regulated by phosphorylation. A phosphorylation mimic mutant of CgHspB1 with the replacement of Ser15 to Asp exhibited relatively lower oligomer stability and greater protective ability against thermal aggregation than the wild‐type protein. The result clearly shows a correlation between oligomer dissociation and chaperone activity.
Women Who Kill
Authors: Campbell Lori Ann , Jensen Vickie 
Published: August 2019

A large gender gap in homicide offending exists, with men being responsible for most homicides in the United States. Overall, women commit a disproportionately small number of homicides: in 2015 just 11% of all known homicide offenders were women, and this percentage has been stable for the past 40 years. While the gender gap in homicide offending is evident, women commit homicide in different contexts than men. For example, there are differences in victim–offender relationships and differences in the motives for killing. Moreover, traditional criminological theories of homicide did not usually address the role of gender and, as a result, were less effective in explaining women's offending than men's offending. Researchers studying the gendered nature of women's offending have found that as women's social and economic resources expanded, the rate of women's homicide offending declined. Incorporating gender into research and theorizing about women's homicide offending will allow scholars to understand the contexts better of women who kill.
The Development and Characterization of a Cell Culture System from Indian Mud Crabs Scylla serrata
Authors: Sivakumar Selvaraj , Raja Swaminathan T. , Kumar Raj , Kalaimani Natarajan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Commercially available culture media and supplements were tested for their potential to produce primary cell cultures from tissues of Indian mud crabs Scylla serrata. Eight commercially available culture media from Sigma-Aldrich (Leibovitz's L-15, Medium 199, Grace's Insect Medium, Minimal Essential Medium, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, TC-100 Insect Medium, IPL-41 Insect Medium, and Roswell Park Memorial Institute) were examined. Three different supplements (amino acid and sugar [AS], crab muscle extract [CME], and natural seawater [NSW]) were also examined. The hemocyte culture appeared to grow well for a maximum period of 21 d in 2 × L-15 medium supplemented with AS and 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Partial amplification and sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene confirmed that the primary hemocytes originated from Indian mud crabs. The effects of four metals on hemocyte viability were evaluated using the MTT assay. Of the four metals examined (arsenic, lead, cobalt, and nickel), cobalt and nickel were more toxic to the crab cells than the other metals. Both acridine orange/ethidium bromide and Hoechst staining showed the presence of apoptosis and necrosis in metal-treated groups, which suggests that metals in an aquatic environment induce death of the Indian mud crab's hemocytes. The hemocyte primary cell culture was also used to study the cytotoxicity effect of bacterial extracellular products from Vibrio harveyi and white spot syndrome virus. This study demonstrates that hemocyte primary cell culture can be used as a tool to study viral and bacterial pathogenesis and to assess the cytotoxicity of pollutants present in aquatic environments.
Peptide‐Functionalized Hydrogels Modulate Integrin Expression and Stemness in Adult Human Epidermal Keratinocytes
Authors: Davis‐Hall Duncan , Nguyen Vy , D'Ovidio Tyler J. , Tsai Ethan , Bilousova Ganna , Magin Chelsea M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) controls keratinocyte proliferation, migration, and differentiation through β‐integrin signaling. Wound‐healing research requires expanding cells in vitro while maintaining replicative capacity; however, early terminal differentiation under traditional culture conditions limits expansion. Here, a design of experiments approach identifies poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogel formulations with mechanical properties (elastic modulus, E = 20.9 ± 0.56 kPa) and bioactive peptide sequences that mimic the epidermal ECM. These hydrogels enable systematic investigation of the influence of cell‐binding domains from fibronectin (RGDS), laminin (YIGSR), and collagen IV (HepIII) on keratinocyte stemness and β1 integrin expression. Quantification of 14‐day keratin protein expression shows four hydrogels improve stemness compared to standard techniques. Three hydrogels increase β1 integrin expression, demonstrating a positive linear relationship between stemness and β1 integrin expression. Multifactorial statistical analysis predicts an optimal peptide combination ([RGDS] = 0.67 mm, [YIGSR] = 0.13 mm, and [HepIII] = 0.02 mm) for maintaining stemness in vitro. Best‐performing hydrogels exhibit no decrease in Ki‐67‐positive cells compared to standards (15% decrease, day 7 to 14; p < 0.05, Tukey Test). These data demonstrate that precisely designed hydrogel biomaterials direct integrin expression and promote proliferation, improving the regenerative capability of cultured keratinocytes for basic science and translational work.
Hollow Covalent Triazine Frameworks with Variable Shell Thickness and Morphology
Authors: Wang Ning , Cheng Guang , Guo Liping , Tan Bien , Jin Shangbin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCovalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are a class of semiconductive porous materials, showing enormous potential in many applications, such as gas adsorption and storage, and heterogeneous catalysis. At present, most of the studies on CTFs are focused on the structural design, synthesis, and applications, whereas very little attention is paid to morphological study, probably due to the difficulty in the control of the morphology via the conventional synthetic methods. In this work, a general approach is reported to fabricate morphological controllable CTFs by virtue of a mild polycondensation reaction via template method. As a proof of concept, a new type of hollow‐structured CTFs is developed for the first time. The shell thickness of the hollow CTFs can be conveniently tuned by varying the amount of the template. Notably, the morphologies can be transformed from sphere to bowl with the decrease of the shell thicknesses. The hollow morphology of CTFs can efficiently improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance, in which the hydrogen evolution rate can be boosted by about 4 times as compared to the bulk state. The present study not only shows an effective strategy to construct morphology controllable CTFs, but also demonstrates an effective way to enhance photocatalytic performance for CTFs.
Dynamic Terahertz Plasmonics Enabled by Phase‐Change Materials
Authors: Jeong Young‐Gyun , Bahk Young‐Mi , Kim Dai‐Sik 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhase‐change phenomena have been an attractive research theme for decades due to the dynamic transition of material properties providing extraordinary capabilities for versatile optical device applications. Even at the terahertz (THz) frequency regime, phase‐change materials (PCMs) promote the development of dynamic devices, especially when combined with a plasmonic approach delivering strong field enhancement and localization. According to the design of plasmonic metamaterials or hybrid composites, PCMs can actively modulate the electromagnetic properties of THz waves through thermal, electrical, and optical means. In turn, THz waves can affect the PCM properties in the nonlinear regime due to the intense field strength enhancement by plasmonic structures. Here, a few types of PCMs demonstrating promising potential in THz plasmonic applications are introduced. Starting from the best‐known transition metal oxide, vanadium dioxide (VO2), which possesses an insulator‐to‐metal phase transition near room temperature, superconductors, chalcogenides, ferroelectrics, liquid crystals, and liquid metals are covered along with their phase‐change properties and the control mechanisms infused with THz plasmonic applications. The corresponding recent progress presenting how PCMs combined with plasmonic structures can demonstrate effective THz modulation is reviewed. This general overview may provide a better understanding of dynamic THz plasmonics and new ideas for future THz technology.
Total Syntheses of rac‐ and (+)‐Goniomitine
Authors: Park Eunjoon , Cheon Cheol‐Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConcise total syntheses of rac‐ and (+)‐goniomitine were developed. The cyanide‐catalyzed imino‐Stetter reaction of an aldimine, derived from ethyl 2‐aminocinnamate and either rac‐ or (S)‐α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde bearing a δ‐valerolactam at the β‐position, provided rac‐ or (S)‐indole‐3‐acetate carrying an α‐vinyl‐δ‐valerolactam scaffold at the 2‐position, respectively. Subsequent saturation of the vinyl group, followed by treatment with DIBAL‐H, afforded N‐benzyl protected goniomitine. Final debenzylation provided the desired natural product after only three column separations.magnified image
Olfactory cleft mucus proteins associated with olfactory dysfunction in a cohort without chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yoo Frederick , Soler Zachary M. , Mulligan Jennifer K. , Storck Kristina A. , Lamira Jensine M. , Pasquini Whitney N. , Hill Jonathan B. , Noonan Tegan E. , Washington Brandon J. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common problem, affecting up to 20% of the general population. Previous studies identified olfactory cleft mucus proteins associated with OD in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) but not in a healthy population. In this study we aimed to identify olfactory cleft mucus proteins associated with olfaction in individuals without sinus disease.MethodsSubjects free of sinus disease completed medical history questionnaires that collected data regarding demographics, comorbidities, and past exposures. Olfactory testing was performed using Sniffin’ Sticks, evaluating threshold, discrimination, and identification. Olfactory cleft mucus (OC) and, in select cases, inferior turbinate mucus (IT) were collected with Leukosorb paper and assays performed for 17 proteins, including growth factors, cytokines/chemokines, cell‐cycle regulators, and odorant‐binding protein (OBP).ResultsFifty‐six subjects were enrolled in the study, with an average age of 47.8 (standard deviation [SD], 17.6) years, including 33 females (58.9%). The average threshold/discrimination/identification (TDI) score was 30.3 (SD, 6.4). In localization studies, OBP concentrations were significantly higher in OC than IT mucus (p = 0.006). Cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A/p16INK4a), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/MCP‐1), granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), and chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20/MIP‐3a) all inversely correlated with overall TDI (all rho ≥ ‐0.479, p ≤ 0.004). Stem cell factor (SCF) correlated positively with overall TDI (rho = 0.510, p = 0.002).ConclusionPlacement of Leukosorb paper is relatively site‐specific for olfactory proteins and it is feasible to collect a variety of olfactory cleft proteins that correlate with olfactory function. Further study is required to determine mechanisms of OD in non‐CRS subjects.
Configurational Entropy and Newton's Law in Double Sine‐Gordon Braneworlds
Authors: Cruz Wilami Teixeira da , Dantas Davi Monteiro , Maluf Roberto Vinhaes , Almeida Carlos Alberto Santos 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Shannon‐like entropic measure of spatially localized functions for a 5D braneworld generated by a double sine‐Gordon (DSG) potential is evaluated. The differential configurational entropy (DCE) has been shown in several recent works to be a configurational informational measure (CIM) that selects critical points and brings out phase transitions in confined energy models with arbitrary parameters. The DSG scenario is selected because it presents an energy‐degenerate spatially localized profile where the solutions to the scalar field demonstrate critical behavior that is only a result of geometrical effects. As is shown, the DCE evaluation provides a method for predicting the existence of a transition between the phases of the domain wall solutions. Moreover, the entropic measure reveals information about the model that is capable of describing the phase sector where resonance modes on the massive spectra of the graviton is obtained. The graviton resonance lifetimes are related to the existence of scales on which 4D gravity is recovered. Thus, the critical points defined by the CIMs with the existence of resonances and their lifetimes are correlated. To extend the research regarding this system, the corrections to Newton's law coming from the graviton modes are calculated.
A Crystallographic Charge Density Study of the Partial Covalent Nature of Strong N⋅⋅⋅Br Halogen Bonds
Authors: Eraković Mihael , Cinčić Dominik , Molčanov Krešimir , Stilinović Vladimir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe covalent nature of strong N−Br⋅⋅⋅N halogen bonds in a cocrystal (2) of N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) with 3,5‐dimethylpyridine (lut) was determined from X‐ray charge density studies and compared to a weak N−Br⋅⋅⋅O halogen bond in pure crystalline NBS (1) and a covalent bond in bis(3‐methylpyridine)bromonium cation (in its perchlorate salt (3). In 2, the donor N−Br bond is elongated by 0.0954 Å, while the Br⋅⋅⋅acceptor distance of 2.3194(4) is 1.08 Å shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii. A maximum electron density of 0.38 e Å−3 along the Br⋅⋅⋅N halogen bond indicates a considerable covalent contribution to the total interaction. This value is intermediate to 0.067 e Å−3 for the Br⋅⋅⋅O contact in 1, and approximately 0.7 e Å−3 in both N−Br bonds of the bromonium cation in 3. A calculation of the natural bond order charges of the contact atoms, and the σ*(N1−Br) population of NBS as a function of distance between NBS and lut, have shown that charge transfer becomes significant at a Br⋅⋅⋅N distance below about 3 Å.
Thermal conversion mechanism and thermodynamics of mixed oil in coal‐based needle coke production
Authors: Cheng Jun‐xia , Zhao Xue‐fei , Gao Li‐juan , Zhu Ya‐ming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of mixed oil during the process of thermal conversion are analyzed using a kinetic model and thermodynamic calculations combined with thermogravimetric analysis. On the basis of the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa kinetic model, the calculated activation energies change in the reaction progress of mixed oil. Additionally, the thermal conversion process can be divided into three stages. The reaction mechanism is the exponential law mode in the first phase, and the latter two stages belong to the random nucleation and subsequent growth model, but they have completely different ways of nucleation and crystal growth. During the whole thermal conversion of mixed oil, △H≠ > 0, and it does not show that the thermal conversion of mixed oil is a completely endothermic process; △G≠ > 0 and represents a nonspontaneous reaction; and the change of the △S≠ value is the most complicated.