bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative determination of armodafinil in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry: Application to a clinical study
Authors: Chandasana Hardik , Kast Johannes , Bittman Janina A. , Derendorf Hartmut 
Published: July 2018

AbstractArmodafinil is a wake‐promoting agent approved in 2007 by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of excessive sleepiness. A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for the determination of armodafinil in human plasma was developed and validated. Armodafinil and internal standard (armodafinil d‐10) were extracted from human plasma using protein precipitation combined with liquid–liquid extraction. This developed method only requires 50 μL of plasma for the analysis. The chromatographic separation was performed with a Waters symmetry, C18, 4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm column using formic acid, water and acetonitrile as solvent delivered at a 0.7 mL/min flow rate. The total run time of the method was 3 min. The method was validated according to regulatory guidance in terms of specificity, selectivity, linearity, matrix effect, recovery and stability. Optimized Q1/Q3 mass transitions for armodafinil and armodafinil d‐10 were 274.1/167.2 (m/z) and 284.4/177.4 (m/z) respectively. The method showed linearity within the tested concentration range of 10–10,000 ng/mL. The method was successfully applied to quantify armodafinil concentrations after single oral administration of a 250 mg tablet in a clinical study conducted in healthy volunteers. Significant advantages of this method are minimal sample volume, short run time and a lower LLOQ.
Quality evaluation for Radix Astragali based on fingerprint, indicative components selection and QAMS
Authors: Huang Jun , Yin Lei , Dong Lin , Quan Hongfeng , Chen Rong , Hua Shiyao , Ma Jiahua , Guo Dongyan , Fu Xueyan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRadix Astragali (RA) is one of the most widely used Chinese herbs prescribed in many Chinese formulas to reinforce ‘Qi’ and treat vital energy deficiency. This study combined fingerprinting with quantitative analysis multi‐components by a single marker (QAMS) to improve the quality control standard for RA on the basis of existing quality control methods of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. UPLC‐ESI‐TOF‐MS technique was used to evaluate the quality of RA by fingerprinting and QAMS. Using the anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidation and anti‐anoxic activities to screen characteristic components of RA, the calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside (CG), ononin, astragaloside IV, astragaloside II, calycosin and astrageloside I significantly inhibited ear edema in mice, the calycosin and CG had good antioxidant activity and the astragaloside I had a significant anti‐hypoxia activity. Astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV, ononin, calycosin and CG had significant pharmacological actions. These components were comprehensively used as the indicative components for the quality control of RA. Astragaloside I was used as the internal standard of the relative correction factors of CG (13.45), ononin (0.51), calycosin (12.08), astragaloside IV (0.73) and astragaloside II (0.81). Astragaloside I and CG were used as internal standards of the relative correction factors of the flavonoids and saponins of ononin (1.11), calycosin (0.04), astragaloside IV (0.73) and astragaloside II (0.81). The study combined fingerprinting with QAMS to improve the quality control standard for RA.
Adaptation to poststroke visual field loss: A systematic review
Authors: Howard Claire , Rowe Fiona J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo provide a systematic overview of the factors that influence how a person adapts to visual field loss following stroke.MethodA systematic review was undertaken (data search period 1861–2016) inclusive of systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, controlled trials, cohort studies, observational studies, and case controlled studies. Studies including adult subjects with hemifield visual field loss, which occured as a direct consequence of stroke, were included. Search terms included a range of MESH terms as well as alternative terms relating to stroke, visual field loss, visual functions, visual perception, and adaptation. Articles were selected by two authors independently, and data were extracted by one author, being verified by the second. All included articles were assessed for risk of bias and quality using checklists appropriate to the study design.ResultsForty‐seven articles (2,900 participants) were included in the overall review, categorized into two sections. Section one included seventeen studies where the reviewers were able to identify a factor they considered as likely to be important for the process of adaptation to poststroke visual field loss. Section two included thirty studies detailing interventions for visual field loss that the reviewers deemed likely to have an influence on the adaptation process. There were no studies identified which specifically investigated and summarized the factors that influence how a person adapts to visual field loss following stroke.ConclusionThere is a substantial amount of evidence that patients can be supported to compensate and adapt to visual field loss following stroke using a range of strategies and methods. However, this systematic review highlights the fact that many unanswered questions in the area of adaptation to visual field loss remain. Further research is required on strategies and methods to improve adaptation to aid clinicians in supporting these patients along their rehabilitation journey.
Involvement of amygdala–prefrontal dysfunction in the influence of negative emotion on the resolution of cognitive conflict in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Park Jaesub , Chun Ji‐Won , Park Hae‐Jeong , Kim Eosu , Kim Jae‐Jin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionPatients with schizophrenia often have impaired cognition and abnormal conflict control. Conflict control is influenced by the emotional values of stimuli. This study investigated the neural basis of negative emotion interference with conflict control in schizophrenia.MethodsSeventeen patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing the emotional Simon task, in which positive or negative emotional pictures were located in congruent or incongruent positions. Analysis was focused on identifying brain regions with the significant interaction among group, emotion, and conflict in whole brain voxel‐wise analysis, and abnormality in their functional connectivity in the patient group.ResultsThe regions showing the targeted interaction was the right amygdala, which exhibited significantly reduced activity in the negative congruent (t = −2.168,p = 0.036) and negative incongruent (t = −3.273,p = 0.002) conditions in patients versus controls. The right amygdala also showed significantly lower connectivity with the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the cognitive and emotional loading contrast (negative incongruent—positive congruent) in patients versus controls (t = −5.154,p < 0.01), but not in the cognitive‐only or emotional‐only loading contrast.ConclusionsThese results suggest that negative emotion interferes with cognitive conflict resolution in patients with schizophrenia due to amygdala–dorsolateral prefrontal cortex disconnection. Based on these findings, interventions targeting conflict control under negative emotional influence may promote cognitive rehabilitation in patients with schizophrenia.
The correlation of circulating pro‐angiogenic miRNAs’ expressions with disease risk, clinicopathological features, and survival profiles in gastric cancer
Authors: Peng Wei , Liu Ya‐Nan , Zhu Si‐Qiang , Li Wen‐Qiang , Guo Feng‐Cheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the correlation of circulating pro‐angiogenic miRNAs’ expressions with risk, clinicopathological features, and survival profiles in gastric cancer (GC). Three hundred and thirty‐three GC patients underwent radical resection and 117 health controls (HCs) were recruited for this study. Plasma samples were obtained from GC patients before the operation and from HCs after enrollment. Fourteen pro‐angiogenic miRNAs were asseassed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of GC patients were calculated and the median follow‐up duration was 36.0 months. Seven out of 14 pro‐angiogenic miRNAs including let‐7f, miR‐17‐5p, miR‐18a, miR‐19b‐1, miR‐20a, miR‐210, and miR‐296 were observed to be elevated in GC patients compared with HCs. MiR‐18a, miR‐20a, and miR‐210 disclosed good predictive values of GC risk. Six pro‐angiogenic miRNAs including miR‐17‐5p, miR‐92a, miR‐210, miR‐20a, miR‐18a, and miR‐296 expressions were positively while 1 pro‐angiogenic miRNA (miR‐130a) was negatively correlated with tumor malignancy degree in GC patients. K‐M curve disclosed that 5 pro‐angiogenic miRNAs including miR‐17‐5p, miR‐18a, miR‐20a, miR‐92a, and miR‐210 correlated with worse DFS, while 4 pro‐angiogenic miRNAs including miR‐17‐5p, miR‐18a, miR‐20a, and miR‐210 associated with shorter OS. Further multivariate Cox's analysis revealed that miR‐17‐5p, miR‐18a, miR‐20a, and miR‐210 were independent predictive factors for unfavorable DFS and OS. In conclusion, circulating pro‐angiogenic miRNAs could serve as novel noninvasive biomarkers for disease risk and malignancy degree, and miR‐17‐5p, miR‐18a, miR‐20a, and miR‐210 are independent factors predicting poor prognosis in GC patients.
Prognostic significance of nomograms integrating IL‐37 expression, neutrophil level, and MMR status in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhu Bing , Luo Jie , Jiang Yiyao , Yu Luhua , Liu Mulin , Fu Jun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐37 and neutrophils are considered to be involved in human cancer, but their prognostic significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of IL‐37 expression and neutrophil levels in CRC. We retrospectively analyzed IL‐37 expression, CD66b+ neutrophil levels, and mismatch repair (MMR) status in 337 paraffin‐embedded CRC specimens from the training cohort by immunohistochemistry. Their prognostic values were assessed using Kaplan‐Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models. Moreover, several risk factors were used to form nomograms to evaluate survival, and the performance of the nomograms was assessed with respect to calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. Further validation was performed in an independent cohort of 245 cases. Low IL‐37 expression and high CD66b+ neutrophil levels were significantly associated with diminished disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), and patients with MMR‐deficient CRC had better clinical outcomes. Furthermore, multivariate Cox analysis identified IL‐37, CD66b+ neutrophils, and MMR status as independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS. Two nomograms integrating the three markers with four clinicopathological risk factors were developed and validated for predicting DFS and OS with good calibration and discrimination (C‐index: training cohort, 0.798 (95% confidence interval:0.764‐0.832) and 0.828 (0.796‐0.860), respectively; validation cohort, 0.739 (0.696‐0.783) and 0.761 (0.715‐0.808), respectively). Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomograms were clinically useful. Intratumoral IL‐37, CD66b+ neutrophils, and MMR status were independent prognostic factors for CRC patients. Nomograms incorporating these biomarkers and clinicopathological features could be conveniently used to facilitate the individualized prediction of DFS and OS.
The effect of availability heuristics in online consumer reviews
Authors: Nazlan Nadia Hanin , Tanford Sarah , Montgomery Rhonda 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis research investigates principles of judgmental heuristics and dual processing systems in the online purchasing environment. It examines the effects of availability cues in restaurant reviews on dining intentions and menu item choice. Two experiments are reported in which consumers make dining out and food choice decisions using simulated online review sites. The first experiment evaluates primacy–recency effects of positive and negative reviews along with different review types. The findings indicate that text plus ratings produce higher visit intentions and expectations compared with either cue by itself. The second experiment examines the effects of rating format, visual cues, and review valence on menu item choice. Pictures increase likelihood to choose a positively reviewed menu item but do not influence likelihood to choose a negatively reviewed item. This finding supports the negativity bias, whereby consumers place more weight on negative versus positive information. Consumers are more likely to choose a menu item with pictures when ratings are in numerical versus star rating format. The findings can be interpreted in terms of System 1 (heuristic) and System 2 (systematic) processing.
Design of Stable Ultrasmall Pt−Ni(O) Nanoparticles with Enhanced Catalytic Performance: Insights into the Effects of Pt−Ni−NiO Dual Interfaces
Authors: Liu Wenming , Zhang Li , Dong Tao , Peng Honggen , Wang Zheng , Zhang Ning , Wang Xiang , Wu Peng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNoble metal/transition metal oxide interfaces are typically considered as highly active sites for most heterogeneous catalytic reactions and can effectively increase the utilization of noble metals. One of the challenges in such catalytic systems, particularly under high‐temperature reactions, is the lack of an effective strategy to stabilize the catalysts against sintering over time and maintain the metal/oxide interfaces. We developed a one‐pot facile strategy to embed the ultrafine Pt−Ni(O) nanoparticles (NPs) with dual interfaces (Pt−Ni−NiO) in a microporous silica shell to fabricate a high‐performance heterogeneous oxidation catalyst (assigned as Pt−Ni(O)@SiO2) for the first time. Owing to the ultra‐small size of the Pt−Ni(O) NPs and the confinement effect of the silica shell, the resulting Pt−Ni(O)@SiO2 catalyst exhibited enhanced performance for CO oxidation and toluene [one of the main volatile organic compounds, (VOCs)] total combustion. The effects of Pt−NiO, Pt−Ni−NiO, and Pt−Ni interfaces were also studied in detail. The results indicated that the Pt−NiO and Pt−Ni alloy dual interface have the improving effect for catalytic oxidation and reducing utilization of noble metals. The strategy developed in this work may represent a general approach in the rational design of other high‐performance catalysts combining the interface catalysis and physical confinement concept to improve the usage of the noble metals.
SrP3N5NH: A Framework‐Type Imidonitridophosphate Featuring Structure‐Directing Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Vogel Sebastian , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNitridophosphates and imidonitridophosphates show intriguing structural diversity, including unprecedented structure types. Highly condensed strontium imidonitridophosphate SrP3N5NH has been synthesized at 8 GPa and 1100 °C using a high‐pressure high‐temperature approach starting from stoichiometric amounts of Sr(N3)2, P3N5 and NH4Cl. Herein, NH4Cl was used as a hydrogen source and as a precursor for in situ formation of SrCl2, which acts as mineralizer and facilitates growth of single‐crystals with a diameter of ≤30 μm. SrP3N5NH (P21/c (no. 14), a=5.01774(2), b=8.16912(4), c=12.70193(5) Å, β=101.7848(3)°, Z=4) adopts an unprecedented network structure, represented by the point symbol (3.4.5.6.72)(3.4.5.72.8)(3.6.73.8). This unique three nodal P/N(H) network is stabilized by moderately strong hydrogen bonds causing a structure‐directing effect, which has not yet been reported for imidonitridophosphates.
Cover Picture: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Coupling Reactions of (Z)‐Enamines with Isocyanides through Selective β‐C(sp2)‐H and/or C=C Bond Cleavage (Chin. J. Chem. 8/2018)
Authors: Hu Weigao , Zheng Jia , Li Meng , Wu Wanqing , Liu Haiyang , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: July 2018

The cover picture shows Two efficient intermolecular oxidative coupling reactions of (Z)‐enamines with isocyanides via palladium catalysis have been developed. In these transformations, the β‐C(sp2)‐H and/or C ＝ C bond were cut off selectively by using different anionic ligands, leading to controllable chemodivergent and stereoselective construction of a wide range of (E)β‐carbamoylenamine derivatives with intramolecular hydrogen bonds. More details are discussed in the article by Jiang et al. on page 712–715.
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Septins in kidney: A territory little explored
Authors: Wasik Anita A. , Dash Surjya N. , Lehtonen Sanna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSeptins are a conserved family of GTP‐binding proteins that assemble into cytoskeletal filaments to function in a highly sophisticated and physiologically regulated manner. Originally septins were discovered in the budding yeast as membrane‐associated filaments that affect cell polarity and cytokinesis. In the last decades, much progress has been made in understanding the biochemical properties and cell biological functions of septins. In line with this, mammalian septins have been shown to be involved in various cellular processes, including regulation of cell polarity, cytoskeletal organization, vesicle trafficking, ciliogenesis, and cell–pathogen interactions. A growing number of studies have shown that septins play important roles in tissue and organ development and physiology; yet, little is known about their role in the kidney. In the following review, we discuss the structure and functions of septins in general and summarize the evidence for their presence and roles in the kidney.
ω‐Phthalimidoalkyl Aryl Ureas as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Cholesterol Esterase
Authors: Dato Florian M. , Sheikh Miriam , Uhl Rocky Z. , Schüller Alexandra W. , Steinkrüger Michaela , Koch Peter , Neudörfl Jörg‐Martin , Gütschow Michael , Goldfuss Bernd , Pietsch Markus 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCholesterol esterase (CEase), a serine hydrolase thought to be involved in atherogenesis and thus coronary heart disease, is considered as a target for inhibitor development. We investigated recombinant human and murine CEases with a new fluorometric assay in a structure–activity relationship study of a small library of ω‐phthalimidoalkyl aryl ureas. The urea motif with an attached 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group and the aromatic character of the ω‐phthalimide residue were most important for inhibitory activity. In addition, an alkyl chain composed of three or four methylene groups, connecting the urea and phthalimide moieties, was found to be an optimal spacer for inhibitors. The so‐optimized compounds 2 [1‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐3‐(3‐(1,3‐dioxoisoindolin‐2‐yl)propyl)urea] and 21 [1‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐3‐(4‐(1,3‐dioxoisoindolin‐2‐yl)butyl)urea] exhibited dissociation constants (Ki) of 1–19 μm on the two CEases and showed either a competitive (2 on the human enzyme and 21 on the murine enzyme) or a noncompetitive mode of inhibition. Two related serine hydrolases—monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase—were inhibited by ω‐phthalimidoalkyl aryl ureas to a lesser extent.
Decoding the Rich Biological Properties of Noble Gases: How Well Can We Predict Noble Gas Binding to Diverse Proteins?
Authors: Winkler David A. , Katz Ira , Farjot Géraldine , Warden Andrew C. , Thornton Aaron W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe chemically inert noble gases display a surprisingly rich spectrum of useful biological properties. Relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms behind these effects. It is clearly not feasible to conduct large numbers of pharmacological experiments on noble gases to identify activity. Computational studies of the binding of noble gases and proteins can address this paucity of information and provide insight into mechanisms of action. We used bespoke computational grid calculations to predict the positions of energy minima in the interactions of noble gases with diverse proteins. The method was validated by quantifying how well simulations could predict binding positions in 131 diverse protein X‐ray structures containing 399 Xe and Kr atoms. We found excellent agreement between calculated and experimental binding positions of noble gases. 94 % of all crystallographic xenon atoms were within 1 Xe van der Waals (vdW) diameter of a predicted binding site, and 97 % lay within 2 vdW diameters. 100 % of crystallographic krypton atoms were within 1 Kr vdW diameter of a predicted binding site. We showed the feasibility of large‐scale computational screening of all ≈60 000 unique structures in the Protein Data Bank. This will elucidate biochemical mechanisms by which these novel ‘atomic drugs’ elicit their valuable biochemical properties and identify new medical uses.
Comparative effectiveness of mailed reminders with and without fecal immunochemical tests for Medicaid beneficiaries at a large county health department: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brenner Alison T. , Rhode Jewels , Yang Jeff Y. , Baker Dana , Drechsel Rebecca , Plescia Marcus , Reuland Daniel S. , Wroth Tom , Wheeler Stephanie B. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) screening is effective but underused. Screening rates are lower among Medicaid beneficiaries versus other insured populations. No studies have examined mailed fecal immunochemical testing (FIT)–based outreach programs for Medicaid beneficiaries.MethodsIn a patient‐level randomized controlled trial, a mailed CRC screening reminder plus FIT, sent from an urban health department to Medicaid beneficiaries, was compared with the same reminder without FIT. The reminder group could request FIT. Completed FIT kits were processed by the health department laboratory. Respondents were notified of normal results by mail. Abnormal results were given via phone by a patient navigator who provided counselling and assistance with follow‐up care. The primary outcome was FIT return.ResultsIn all, 2144 beneficiaries at average CRC risk were identified, and there was no evidence of screening with Medicaid claims data. To the reminder+FIT group, 1071 were randomized, and 1073 were randomized to the reminder group; 307 (28.7%) in the reminder+FIT group and 347 (32.3%) in the reminder group were unreachable or ineligible (previous screening). The FIT return rate was significantly higher in the reminder+FIT group than the reminder group (21.1% vs 12.3%; difference, 8.8%; 95% confidence interval, 3.7%‐13.9%; P < .01). Eighteen individuals (7.2%) who completed FIT tests had abnormal results, and 15 were eligible for follow‐up colonoscopy; 66.7% (n = 10) completed follow‐up colonoscopy.ConclusionsA health department–based, mailed FIT program targeting Medicaid beneficiaries was feasible. Including a FIT kit resulted in greater screening completion than a reminder letter alone. Further research is needed to understand the comparative cost‐effectiveness of these interventions.