bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations, Nonlocality and Usefulness of an Efficient Class of Two-Qubit Mixed Entangled States
Authors: Singh Parvinder , Kumar Atul 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We establish an analytical relation between the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (Bell-CHSH) inequality and weak measurement strengths under noisy conditions. We show that the analytical results obtained in this article are of utmost importance for proposing a new class of two-qubit mixed states for quantum information processing. Our analysis further shows that the states proposed here are better resources for quantum information in comparison to other two-qubit mixed entangled states.
Photocatalytic Iron Oxide Micro-Swimmers for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Richard Cynthia , Simmchen Juliane , Eychmüller Alexander 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Harvesting energy from photochemical reactions has long been studied as an efficient means of renewable energy, a topic that is increasingly gaining importance also for motion at the microscale. Iron oxide has been a material of interest in recent studies. Thus, in this work different synthesis methods and encapsulation techniques were used to try and optimize the photo-catalytic properties of iron oxide colloids. Photodegradation experiments were carried out following the encapsulation of the nanoparticles and the Fenton effect was also verified. The end goal would be to use the photochemical degradation of peroxide to propel an array of swimmers in a controlled manner while utilizing the Fenton effect for the degradation of dyes or waste in wastewater remediation.
Evaluation of Segregation in Asphalt Pavement Surface Using Concave Multifractal Distribution
Authors: Ran Mao-ping , Xiao Shenqing , Zhou Xing-lin , Xiao Wang-xin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Surface segregation of asphalt mixtures is a common problem encountered when determining segregation level, which is a criterion of pavement quality evaluation. A method to evaluate segregation levels of asphalt pavement surface was presented based on the concave multifractal characteristic in a binary image of a pavement surface, which was obtained by digital image processing technology and mathematical morphology. The practical value of the proposed method was verified in a newly built asphalt pavement, and the segregation level was divided into five sections based on the recommended texture ratio in practical engineering. Results show that the multifractal spectrum width (Δα) quantifies the uniformity of the concave distribution. The pixel percentage of the concave (P) characterizes the ratio of the occupied area. The product of Δα and P (PWP) was quantified as the surface segregation level, which has good linear relevance with texture depth evaluation results. The proposed evaluation technique (PWP) can be used as an alternative to the sand patch method.
Combinatorial Effects of Alpha- and Gamma-Protocadherins on Neuronal Survival and Dendritic Self-Avoidance
Authors: Ing-Esteves Samantha , Kostadinov Dimitar , Marocha Julie , Sing Anson D. , Joseph Kezia S. , Laboulaye Mallory A. , Sanes Joshua R. , Lefebvre Julie L. 
Published: February 2018

The clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs) comprise 58 cadherin-related proteins encoded by three tandemly arrayed gene clusters,Pcdh-α,Pcdh-β, andPcdh-γ (Pcdha,Pcdhb, andPcdhg, respectively). Pcdh isoforms from different clusters are combinatorially expressed in neurons. They form multimers that interact homophilically and mediate a variety of developmental processes, including neuronal survival, synaptic maintenance, axonal tiling, and dendritic self-avoidance. Most studies have analyzed clusters individually. Here, we assessed functional interactions betweenPcdhaandPcdhgclusters. To circumvent neonatal lethality associated with deletion ofPcdhgs, we used Crispr-Cas9 genome editing in mice to combine a constitutivePcdhamutant allele with a conditionalPcdhgallele. We analyzed roles of Pcdhas and Pcdhgs in the retina and cerebellum from mice (both sexes) lacking one or both clusters. In retina, Pcdhgs are essential for survival of inner retinal neurons and dendritic self-avoidance of starburst amacrine cells, whereas Pcdhas are dispensable for both processes. Deletion of bothPcdhaandPcdhgclusters led to far more dramatic defects in survival and self-avoidance thanPcdhgdeletion alone. Comparisons of an allelic series of mutants support the conclusion that Pcdhas and Pcdhgs function together in a dose-dependent and cell-type-specific manner to provide a critical threshold of Pcdh activity. In the cerebellum, Pcdhas and Pcdhgs also cooperate to mediate self-avoidance of Purkinje cell dendrites, with modest but significant defects in either single mutant and dramatic defects in the double mutant. Together, our results demonstrate complex patterns of redundancy between Pcdh clusters and the importance of Pcdh cluster diversity in postnatal CNS development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe formation of neural circuits requires diversification and combinatorial actions of cell surface proteins. Prominent among them are the clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs), a family of ∼60 neuronal recognition molecules. Pcdhs are encoded by three closely linked gene clusters calledPcdh-α,Pcdh-β, andPcdh-γ. The Pcdhs mediate a variety of developmental processes, including neuronal survival, synaptic maintenance, and spatial patterning of axons and dendrites. Most studies to date have been limited to single clusters. Here, we used genome editing to assess interactions betweenPcdh-α andPcdh-γ gene clusters. We examined two regions of the CNS, the retina and cerebellum and show that the 14 α-Pcdhs and 22 γ-Pcdhs act synergistically to mediate neuronal survival and dendrite patterning.
The Historyless Heathen and the Stagnating Pagan: History as Non-Native Category?
Authors: Lum Kathryn Gin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article asks whether and how J. Z. Smith's contention that religion is a “non-native category” might be applied to the discipline of history. It looks at how nineteenth-century Americans constructed their own understandings of “proper history”—authenticatable, didactic, and progressive—against the supposed historylessness of “heathen” Hawaiians and stagnation of “pagan” Chinese. “True” history, for these nineteenth-century historians, changed in the past and pointed to change in the future. The article asks historians to think about how they might be replicating some of the same assumptions about forward-moving history by focusing on change over time as a core component of historical narration. It urges historians to instead also incorporate the native historical imaginations of our subjects into our own methods, paying attention to when those imaginations are cyclical and reiterative as well as directional, and letting our subjects' assumptions about time and history, often shaped by religious perspectives, orient our own decisions about how to structure the stories we tell.
Limitations of insulin resistance assessment in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Lewandowski Krzysztof C , Płusajska Justyna , Horzelski Wojciech , Bieniek Ewa , Lewiński Andrzej 
Published: February 2018

Background
Though insulin resistance (IR) is common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), there is no agreement as to what surrogate method of assessment of IR is most reliable.

Subjects and methods
In 478 women with PCOS, we compared methods based on fasting insulin and either fasting glucose (HOMA-IR and QUICKI) or triglycerides (McAuley Index) with IR indices derived from glucose and insulin during OGTT (Belfiore, Matsuda and Stumvoll indices).

Results
There was a strong correlation between IR indices derived from fasting values HOMA-IR/QUICKI, r = −0.999, HOMA-IR/McAuley index, r = −0.849 and between all OGTT-derived IR indices (e.g. r = −0.876, for IRI/Matsuda, r = −0.808, for IRI/Stumvoll, and r = 0.947, for Matsuda/Stumvoll index, P < 0.001 for all), contrasting with a significant (P < 0.001), but highly variable correlation between IR indices derived from fasting vs OGTT-derived variables, ranging from r = −0.881 (HOMA-IR/Matsuda), through r = 0.58, or r = −0.58 (IRI/HOMA-IR, IRI/QUICKI, respectively) to r = 0.41 (QUICKI/Stumvoll), and r = 0.386 for QUICKI/Matsuda indices. Detailed comparison between HOMA-IR and IRI revealed that concordance between HOMA and IRI was poor for HOMA-IR/IRI values above 75th and 90th percentile. For instance, only 53% (70/132) women with HOMA-IR >75th percentile had IRI value also above 75th percentile. There was a significant, but weak correlation of all IR indices with testosterone concentrations.

Conclusions
Significant number of women with PCOS can be classified as being either insulin sensitive or insulin resistant depending on the method applied, as correlation between various IR indices is highly variable. Clinical application of surrogate indices for assessment of IR in PCOS must be therefore viewed with an extreme caution.
N-terminal Sumoylation of Centromeric Histone H3 Variant Cse4 Regulates Its Proteolysis To Prevent Mislocalization to Non-centromeric Chromatin
Authors: Ohkuni Kentaro , Levy-Myers Reuben , Warren Jack , Au Wei-Chun , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Baker Richard E , Basrai Munira A 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Stringent regulation of cellular levels of evolutionarily conserved centromeric histone H3 variant (CENP-A in humans, CID in flies, Cse4 in yeast) prevents its mislocalization to non-centromeric chromatin. Overexpression and mislocalization of CENP-A has been observed in cancers and leads to aneuploidy in yeast, flies, and human cells. Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of Cse4 by E3 ligases such as Psh1 and Sumo-Targeted Ubiquitin Ligase (STUbL) Slx5 prevent mislocalization of Cse4. Previously, we identified Siz1 and Siz2 as the major E3 ligases for sumoylation of Cse4. In this study, we have identified lysine 65 (K65) in Cse4 as a site that regulates sumoylation and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of Cse4 by Slx5. Strains expressing cse4 K65R exhibit reduced levels of sumoylated and ubiquitinated Cse4 in vivo. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal reduced interaction of cse4 K65R with Slx5, leading to increased stability and mislocalization of cse4 K65R under normal physiological conditions. Based on the increased stability of cse4 K65R in psh1∆ strains but not in slx5∆ strains, we conclude that Slx5 targets sumoylated Cse4 K65 for ubiquitination-mediated proteolysis independent of Psh1. In summary, we have identified and characterized the physiological role of Cse4 K65 in sumoylation, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and localization of Cse4 for genome stability.
Suriyeli Mültecilerin Etkileri Kapsamında Ürdün’de Su Sorunu
Authors: AYDIN Ayşegül 
Published: February 2018

Bu
çalışmada Ürdün’deki su sıkıntısı ve özellikle mültecilerin bu duruma etkisi
değerlendirilmiştir. Ürdün’deki su kaynaklarının yetersizliği ele alınmış ve
suyun korunmasının önemi vurgulanmıştır. Sürdürülebilir etkin bir su yönetiminin, mülteci sayısı
ve olası göç akışını göz ardı etmeden mümkün olacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Yapılan değerlendirmeler, yaşanan su sıkıntısının bölgedeki topluluklar ve
devletlerarasındaki çatışmalara neden olabileceği ve Ortadoğu'da işbirliği
sağlanmadan su sıkıntısı ve kuraklıkla mücadele sürecinin tamamlanamayacağını
göstermiştir. Nüfus artışı
ve iklim değişikliği, özellikle bu bölgede, yağışın daha belirsiz ve
değişkenliğine neden olduğundan, su kıtlığı önümüzdeki yirmi yıl içinde daha da
büyük bir sorun haline geleceği öngörülmektedir. Su miktarı ve kalitesi de
sağlık ve çevre üzerinde önemli etkilere sahiptir. Bu etkilerin alternatif su yönetimi ve
verimlilik stratejilerine karşı değerlendirilmesi ve politika maliyetleri ve
ekonomik kalkınma konularının ışığında, kıt kaynak kullanımı optimize
edilebilir. Ürdün uzun
süredir iklim değişikliği, nüfus artışı, çatışmalar ve mülteci krizleri
nedeniyle artan su kıtlığı ile karşı karşıyadır. The desert kingdom has one of the lowest levels of water
availability in the world and hosts the second largest number of Syrian
refugees per person, following Lebanon.Dünyadaki en düşük su miktarına
sahip olması ile birlikte kişi başına düşen en çok sayıda Suriyeli mülteciye ev
sahipliği yapıyor olması Ürdün’ün su kaynakları için büyük bir sorun
yaratmaktadır.
COMPARISON AMONG DIFFERENT LABORATORY TESTS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS IN SULAIMANI GOVERNORATE
Authors: Khorshid Aryan , Omer Sherko , Abdulla Aras 
Published: February 2018

Background
Helicobacter pylori is a helical Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes human gastric mucosa leading to various pathologies including gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric adenocarcinoma. Colonization is worldwide and affecting all age groups.
Objectives
To identify H. pylori colonization among patients with dyspepsia using different laboratory tests including serology, stool antigen and PCR, and comparing the sensitivity and specificity of these tests.
Materials and Methods
From June through December 2014, one hundred patients with dyspepsia were enrolled in this study. They were 64 females (mean age 40.2 y) and 36 males (mean age 42.1 y). Two gastric antral biopsy specimens were taken in all patients submitted to esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Blood and stool specimens were also obtained from each patient. Four diagnostic laboratory tests were used for detection of the infection. Blood samples were tested for antibodies using rapid immunochromatography assay, stool for H. pylori antigen with immunochromatographic method and lastly PCR amplification of glmM gene was used to detect the organism in both gastric tissue and stool samples.
Results
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed that the majority of patients had gastritis and or duodenitis. Stool PCR for H. pylori was positive in 42% of the patients. Anti-H. pylori IgG in the blood and bacterial antigen were detected in 72% and 74% of patients respectively, while PCR test on gastric biopsy specimens was positive in 82% of the samples.
Conclusion
H. pylori infection was detected regardless of the presence or absence of visible gastroduodenal pathology. PCR examination of gastric tissue was better than stool samples. In comparison to gastric biopsy PCR, stool antigen detection was found to be the most sensitive test reaching 87.8% while stool PCR was the most specific test. No single test solely can be used to diagnose or exclude colonization.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF CULTURE POSITIVE ENTERIC FEVER IN PEDIATRIC TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SULAIMANI GOVERNORATE
Authors: Tyib Tara , Fakhir Haydar 
Published: February 2018

Background Typhoid fever is still common disease in our country, and at the present time we are facing resistant cases to usual antibiotics. Objectives This study has been carried out to identify the clinical and laboratory characteristics of these microorganisms. Materials and Methods This is a prospective study done from October 2008 to October 2009, in Sulaimani Pediatric Teaching hospital. Blood cultures were taken from patients suspected of having Typhoid fever ,only patients with positive cultures were included in this study. Data regarding age, sex, residency, clinical presentation, duration of fever at presentation, response to treatment and antibiotic susceptibility were all analyzed by SPSS version 16.0. Results Ninety six patients whom with culture proved cases of Enteric fever, 55 males and 41 females. The age of the patients were from 1 month -14 years with an average of 6.8 years. The duration of fever before attendance to medical care was (2-19) days with a mean of 7 days. Mean days needed for subsidence of fever was 5 days ranging from 2-10 days. Mean duration of admission was about 8.5 days, while mean duration of treatment was 14 days. Headache was the most common symptom (67.7%) followed by abdominal pain in 56.6%, diarrhea in 31.2%, While the symptoms least encountered were confusion 5.2% and constipation 1%. Splenomeagly was the commonest sign (56.2%) followed by hepatomegaly (35.4%) and neck stiffness was positive in (3.1%)of the patients whom had normal CSF examination. The mean WBC count was 5.378 109/l, with 61% of the patients having neutrophilia and 20.7% having lymphocytosis and 18.3% having equal distribution. Most of the isolates were sensitive to amikacin 87%, followed by doxycycline 85.7%, ciprofloxacin 81.5%, azithromycin 60%. Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone had sensitivities of about 52-54%, while there was 75% resistance to chloramphenicol and nearly 99% resistance to ampicillin. All cases were culture positive; 99% for Salmonella typhi and only 1% grew Salmonella para typhi A and B. The incidence of complications was about 10.4%,GIT bleeding being the most common 4.2% followed by renal failure and hepatitis 2% and ataxia 1.1%. Mortality rate was (1.1%). Conclusion Typhoid fever has different presentations according to the locality and also may change its presentation in form of outbreaks in a specific locality. The disease was multidrug resistant, this may be due to previous misuse of antibiotics.
NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC GYNECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS; PATTERNS AND PRESENTATION
Authors: Ameen Nian , Marif Mahdi , Saber Wirya , Muhssen Tharwat 
Published: February 2018

Background
Neonatal and pediatric gynaecological problems are those gynecologic disorders among younger females. Although they are common problems in Sulaimani province, but pediatric surgical unit receive most of the congenital disorders, while the acquired one usually referred to other department, with lack of a guideline for management.
Objectives

To ascertain the magnitude of neonatal and pediatric gynaecological disorders encountered in pediatric surgery unit in Sulaimani and to discover the pattern of presentation and principles of management with clarifying some of the anatomical variation in the rare anomalies with measuring its prevalent rate.
Patients and Methods
A prospective hospital based study carried out on 173 patients, all were females with gynecologic problems and have been managed at Pediatric Surgical Unit at the Sulaimani Pediatric Teaching Hospital and Shar Hospital, between Dec 2006 and Dec 2016. Excluding cases of trauma either sexual or accidental, cases of persistent cloaca, and vestibular anus. The data collected, including age, presenting complaints, type of the abnormality. The findings on physical examinations, investigations and operative procedures were collected and discussed, statistical analysis done by SPSS-21 , p value<0.05 regarded significant .
Result
During the study period, 173 patients had been managed from a gynecological pathology. Their ages ranged from few hours to 12 years, preschool age group was the most frequent (32.6%) and (30.64%) of them had acquired anomalies. Labial adhesion and ovarian cysts were the most frequently encountered neonatal/ pediatric gynecological disorders. The main presenting complains was abnormal looking genitalia.
Conclusion
Gynecological problem not restricted to adolescent or women, it may present in females at any age. Neonates may complain from acquired anomalies, although it is more common in preschool group. Pediatric atmosphere can calm fears about what can be a traumatic experience. Pediatric surgeon manage the congenital anomalies in majority, while acquired cases mostly managed by gynecologists, pediatricians, urologists, and family medicine doctors’ without same guide line for management.
Оптимізація процесу екстракції біологічно активних речовин, виділених з листя кульбаби лікарської (Taraxacum officinale Wigg)
Authors: Kosogolova Ludmila , Polishchuk Bogdana , Kryvutenko Iryna , Yablonska Kateryna , Romanova Zoriana , Hurska Olena 
Published: February 2018

Мета: оптимізувати процес виділення біологічно активних речовин з листя кульбаби лікарської. Методи: Розглянуто різні методи виділення біологічно активних речовин з кульбаби лікарської (Taraxacum oficinale Wigg.), в тому числі обробка ультразвуком, що проводили при потужностях 4, 5 та 6 Вт/м2 протягом 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 хв. Результати: Отримано водні екстракти кульбаби лікарської (Taraxacum oficinale Wigg.) для виділення з них біологічно активних речовин, а саме вітаміну С. Підібрано оптимальні умови для процесу екстрагування: співвідношення сировина:екстрагент 1:20, час екстракції – 30 хв, температура – 25 °C. Екстракцію проводили дистильованою водою. Обговорення: Досліджено, що при екстрагуванні з лікарської рослинної сировини відбувається дифузія біологічно активних речовин із внутрішніх структур частинки матеріалу. Цей процес має свої особливості. Перш за все, наявність пористої перегородки, міжклітинного простору і клітинних ходів знижує швидкість дифузії. По-друге, у пори перегородки можуть проникати лише ті речовини, частинки яких не перевищують розмірів пор. А також характерним є явище десорбції, що спостерігається в клітині після проникнення в неї екстрагента. Визначено оптимальні умови екстрагування біологічно активних речовин з кульбаби лікарської (Taraxacum officinale Wigg): - екстрагент-вода; - співвідношення сировина-екстрагент (1:20); - час настоювання 30 хв; - температура 25 °C. Ультразвукові коливання оптимізують процес виділення вітаміну С з екстрактів листя кульбаби лікарської і в результаті цього встановлено, що найбільший вихід аскорбінової кислоти при обробленні екстрактів ультразвуком протягом 25 хв з потужністю 6 Вт/м2 і становить 0,076 мг на 100г продукту.
Pharmaceutical Characterization of MyoNovin, a Novel Skeletal Muscle Regenerator: in silico, in vitro and in vivo Studies
Authors: Alrushaid Samaa , Davies Neal M. , Anderson Judy E. , Le Tyson , Yáñez Jaime A. , Maayah Zaid H. , El-Kadi Ayman O.S. , Rachid Ousama , Sayre Casey L. , Löbenberg Raimar , Burczynski Frank J. 
Published: February 2018

PURPOSE: MyoNovin is a novel skeletal muscle-regenerating compound developed through synthesis of two nitro groups onto a guaifenesin backbone to deliver nitric oxide to skeletal muscle with a potential to treat muscle atrophy. The purpose of this study was to utilize in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches to characterize MyoNovin and examine its safety, biodistribution, and feasibility for drug delivery. METHODS: In silico software packages were used to predict the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of MyoNovin. In vitro cardiotoxicity was assessed using human cardiomyocytes (RL-14) while effects on CYP3A4 metabolic enzyme and antioxidant activity were examined using commercial kits. A novel HPLC assay was developed to measure MyoNovin concentration in serum, and delineate initial pharmacokinetic and acute toxicity after intravenous administration (20 mg/kg) to male Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS: MyoNovin showed relatively high lipophilicity with a LogP value of 3.49, a 20-fold higher skin permeability (19.89 cm/s*107) compared to guaifenesin (0.66 cm/s*107), and ~10-fold higher effective jejunal permeability (2.24 cm/s*104) compared to guaifenesin (0.26 cm/s*104). In vitro, MyoNovinwas not cytotoxic to cardiomyocytes at concentrations below 8 μM and did not inhibit CYP3A4 or show antioxidant activity. In vivo, MyoNovin had a short half-life (t1/2) of 0.16 h, and a volume of distribution Vss of 0.62 L/kg. Biomarkers of MyoNovincardiac and renal toxicity did not differ significantly from baseline control levels.CONCLUSIONS: The predicted high lipophilicity and skin permeability of MyoNovin render it a potential candidate for transdermal administration while its favourable intestinal permeation suggests it may be suitable for oral administration. Pharmacokinetics following IV administration of MyoNovin were delineated for the first time in a rat model. Preliminary single 20 mg/kg dose assessment of MyoNovin suggest no influenceon cardiac troponin or β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.