bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and Neck cancer patients’ preferences for individualized prognostic information: a focus group study
Authors: Hoesseini Arta , Dronkers Emilie A. C. , Sewnaik Aniel , Hardillo Jose A. U. , de Jong Robert J. Baatenburg , Offerman Marinella P. J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Head and Neck cancer (HNC) is characterized by significant mortality and morbidity. Treatment is often invasive and interferes with vital functions, resulting in a delicate balance between survival benefit and deterioration in quality of life (QoL). Therefore, including prognostic information during patient counseling can be of great importance. The first aim of this study was to explore HNC patients’ preferences for receiving prognostic information. The second aim of this study was to explore patients’ views on ‘’OncologIQ’’, a prognostic model developed to estimate overall survival in newly diagnosed HNC patients.

Methods

We conducted a single center qualitative study by organizing five focus groups with HNC patients (n= 21) and their caregivers (n= 19), categorized in: 1) small laryngeal carcinomas treated with radiotherapy or laser, 2) extensive oral cavity procedures, 3) total laryngectomy, 4) chemoradiation, 5) other treatments. The interview guide consisted of two main topics: life-expectancy and the prognostic model OncologIQ. All focus groups were recorded, transcribed and coded. Themes were derived using content analysis.

Results

All patients found it important to receive information about their life-expectancy. While disclosing prognostic information in general terms like ‘’the cancer is curable’’ gives enough reassurance for most patients, some also wanted numerical information like OncologIQ’s prognostic estimates. Overall, patients thought life-expectancy should not be discussed shortly after cancer diagnosis disclosure, as a certain time is needed to process the first shock. They had a stronger preference for receiving prognostic information in case of a poor prognosis. Prognostic information should also include information on the expected QoL. The pie chart was the most preferred chart for discussing survival rates.

Conclusions

HNC patients find it important to receive prognostic information. A tailor-made approach is necessary to provide customized prognostic information. A clinical practice guideline was developed to support professionals in sharing prognostic information, aiming to improve shared decision making and patient-centered care.
Risk factors for developing cardiac toxicities in cancer patients treated with panitumumab combination therapy
Authors: Qi Wei-xiang , zhao shengguang , Chen Jiayi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Panitumumab, a novel anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb), has been approved for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), and it is also being studied in other types of cancer. However, an increased risk of cardiac toxicities has been observed in some trials. The current study aims to evaluate the patterns and risk of cardiac toxicities by performing post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials that evaluated treatment with or without panitumumab in advanced cancer patients.

Methods

Data were obtained from four randomized controlled trials (NCT00115765, NCT00339183, NCT00364013, and NCT00460265) which included a total of 3,243 patients with metastatic colorectal or head and neck carcinoma. The incidence of cardiac toxicity was assessed by simple incidence rates and rates per 100 person-years. Univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to investigate factors predicting the development of any cardiac event, cardiac arrhythmias and ischemic event.

Results

In comparison with controls, the use of panitumumab-containing therapy in cancer was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias (HR1.42, 95%CI: 1.02-1.96, p=0.036), but not for any cardiac event (HR1.16, 95%CI: 0.90-1.50, p=0.24) or ischemic event (HR 0.61, 95%CI: 0.35-1.07, p=0.087). The absolute rate of developing cardiac arrhythmia was 10.0 events per 100 person-years for those receiving combination therapy and 7.5 events per 100 person-years for those receiving chemotherapy alone. Within multivariate cox regression analysis for factors predicting any cardiac toxicity, pre-existing hypertension(p=0.0013) or history of cardiac diseases (p=0.01) were predictive for occurrence of any cardiac toxicity. Additionally, development of cardiac arrhythmias was associated with a pre-existing hypertension (p=0.033), history of cardiac disease (p=0.055) or panitumumab usage (p=0.046) in multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusion

The addition of panitumumab to chemotherapy increases the risk of developing cardiac arrhythmia, but not for any cardiac toxicity or ischemic events. Patients with pre-existing hypertension or history of cardiac diseases are at high risk for developing cardiac toxicities when receiving panitumumab treatment.
Nad(P) Dependent Steroid Dehydrogenase-Like, Involved In Cholesterol Biosynthesis, Regulates Proliferation And Metastasis In Breast Cancer
Authors: Yoon So hyun , Han Wonshik , Hong Bok Sil Hong , Kang EunJi , Kim Ryong Nam , Jung So-Youn , Lee Han-Byoel , Moon Hyeong-Gon , Noh Dong-Young 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is a common upregulated pathway in breast cancer. NSDHL (NAD(P) Dependent Steroid Dehydrogenase-Like), a gene which is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis has not been elucidated for its role in breast cancer.

Methods
After knock-down of NSDHL in human breast cancer cell lines, cell proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis, 3D culture, clonogenic assay, migration and invasion assay, and wound healing assay were performed. We tested erlotinib as a target drug for NSDHL. Xenograft was developed with MDA-MB-231 transfected with NSDHL shRNA in NOD/SCID mice. Public gene expression databases were used for the analysis of prognostic role of NSDHL in breast cancer

Results
Both NSDHL mRNA and protein levels were higher in a Luminal (MCF7) and triple negative cells (MDA-MB-231, BT-20) than normal breast cancer cell (MCF10A). Silencing of NSDHL by siRNA inhibited cell cycle and proliferation, and also inhibited migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 cells (p< 0.05). The sensitivity to erlotinib was significantly decreased in siNSDHL treated cells, especially in MDA-MB-231 (p<0.01). Additionally, we found that NSDHL regulated total cholesterol levels in breast cancer cells. In vivo xenograft model, NSDHL knock down in the cancer cell decreased the tumor growth and metastasis. Clinically, higher NSDHL expression in the tumor of 3951 breast cancer patients was associated with significantly lower recurrence-free survival.

Conclusions
In conclusion, we showed that NSDHL might have a role for the progression of breast cancer. Further studies are needed to clarify that NSDHL can be a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Cry1A Proteins are Cytotoxic to HeLa but not to SiHa Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Mendoza-Almanza Gretel , Rocha-Zavaleta Leticia , Aguilar-Zacarías Cecilia , Ayala-Luján Jorge , Olmos Jorge 
Published: August 2019

Background:Bacillus thuringiensis toxins are effective against multiple biological targets such as insects, nematodes, mites, protozoa, and importantly, human cancer cells. One of the main mechanisms by which Cry toxins to trigger cell death is the specific recognition of cadherin-like membrane cell receptors.Objective:This work aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of the Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis in HeLa, cervical cancer cell line, as well as their antitumor activity in mouse models.Methods:We analyzed several biological targets of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac including erythrocytes, insect larvae, as well as cancer and non-cancer cell lines. The viability of HeLa, SiHa, MCF7 and HaCat cells was assessed by MTT 24 h after the administration of Cry toxins. We also studied apoptosis as a possible cytotoxicity mechanism in HeLa. The capacity of Cry toxins to eliminate tumors in xenograft mouse models was also analyzed.Results:Both toxins, Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac, showed specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa (HPV18+) cervical cancer cell line, with a Cry1Ab LC50 of 2.5 µg/ml, and of 0.5 µg/ml for Cry1Ac. Apoptosis was differentially induced in HeLa cells using the same concentration of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac toxins. Cry1Ac eliminated 50% of the tumors at 10 µg/ml, and eliminate 100% of the tumors at 30 and 50 µg/ml.Conclusion:Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxins show dual cytotoxic activity, in insects as well as in HeLa cancer cell line.
The Role of Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1) in Cancer
Authors: Lu Xinjie 
Published: August 2019

Background:The solute carrier family 7 (SLC7) can be categorically divided into two subfamilies, the L-type amino acid transporters (LATs) including SLC7A5-13, and SLC7A15, and the cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) including SLC7A1-4 and SLC7A14. Members of the CAT family transport predominantly cationic amino acids by facilitating diffusion with intracellular substrates. LAT1 (also known as SLC7A5), is defined as a heteromeric amino acid transporter (HAT) interacting with the glycoprotein CD98 (SLC3A2) through a conserved disulfide to uptake not only large neutral amino acids, but also several pharmaceutical drugs to cells.Methods:In this review, we provide an overview of the interaction of the structure-function of LAT1 and its essential role in cancer, specifically, its role at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to facilitate the transport of thyroid hormones, pharmaceuticals (e.g., I-DOPA, gabapentin), and metabolites into the brain.Results:LAT1 expression increases as cancers progress, leading to higher expression levels in highgrade tumors and metastases. In addition, LAT1 plays a crucial role in cancer-associated reprogrammed metabolic networks by supplying tumor cells with essential amino acids.Conclusion:The increasing understanding of the role of LAT1 in cancer has led to an increase in interest surrounding its potential as a drug target for cancer treatment.
Preliminary Biochemical and Venomic Characterization of the Venom of Phalotris lemniscatus (Serpentes, Colubridae)
Authors: Bastida Jeny , Crampet Alejandro , Meneghel Melitta , Morais Victor 
Published: August 2019

Background:
For many decades, research on snake venom toxinology focused mainly on the
venoms of Viperidae and Elapidae species, which were traditionally the only ones considered as venomous.
However, much less interest has been given to the venom produced by opisthoglyphous colubrid
snakes, since they were typically considered of no clinical relevance.

Objective:
The aim of this work is to perform a preliminary biochemical and venomic characterization
of the venom of the colubrid snake Phalotris lemniscatus, a species that has been responsible for two
relevant cases of envenomation in Uruguay.

Methods:
We extracted venom from collected specimens and performed different biochemical and proteomic
assays to understand its toxin composition.

Results:
We found that the venom of P. lemniscatus is composed of protein families typically present in
snake venoms, such as metallo and serine preoteases, L-amino acid oxidases, phospholipases A2s, Ctype
lectines-like, Kunitz-type proteins and three-finger toxins. Activity assays demonstrated a highly
active gelatinolytic component as well as a potent capability to induce blood coagulation.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that the venom of P. lemniscatus contains hemotoxic activities and
components that resemble those found in Viperidae (Bothrops) snakes and that can induce a clinically
relevant accident. Further studies are needed to better understand the venom composition of this colubrid
snake and its most active compounds.
Differences in Kynurenine Metabolism During Depressive, Manic, and Euthymic Phases of Bipolar Affective Disorder
Authors: Maget Alexander , Platzer Martina , Bengesser Susanne A. , Fellendorf Frederike T. , Birner Armin , Queissner Robert , Hamm Carlo , Reininghaus Bernd , Hecker Andrzej , Tomberger Lukas , Pilz Renè , Dalkner Nina , Moll Natalie , Schütze Gregor , Schwarz Markus , Kapfhammer Hans P. , Reininghaus Eva Z. 
Published: August 2019

Background & Objectives:
The kynurenine pathway is involved in inflammatory diseases. Alterations
of this pathway were shown in psychiatric entities as well. The aim of this study was to determine
whether specific changes in kynurenine metabolism are associated with current mood symptoms in bipolar
disorder.

Methods:
Sum scores of the Hamilton Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Young Mania
Rating Scale were collected from 156 bipolar individuals to build groups of depressive, manic and
euthymic subjects according to predefined cut-off scores. Severity of current mood symptoms was correlated
with activities of the enzymes kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (ratio of 3-hydroxykynurenine/
kynurenine), kynurenine aminotransferase (ratio of kynurenic acid/ kynurenine) and kynureninase (ratio of
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid/ 3-hydroxykynurenine), proxied by ratios of serum concentrations.

Results:
Individuals with manic symptoms showed a shift towards higher kynurenine 3-monooxygenase
activity (χ2 = 7.14, Df = 2, p = .028), compared to euthymic as well as depressed individuals. There were no
differences between groups regarding activity of kynurenine aminotransferase and kynureninase. Within
the group of depressed patients, Hamilton Depression Scale and kynurenine aminotransferase showed a
significant negative correlation (r = -0.41, p = .036), displaying lower metabolism in the direction of
kynurenic acid.

Conclusion:
Depression severity in bipolar disorder seems to be associated with a decreased synthesis of
putative neuroprotective kynurenic acid. Furthermore, higher kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity in currently
manic individuals indicates an increased inflammatory state within bipolar disorder with more severe
inflammation during manic episodes. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of the different affective
episodes could represent parallel mechanisms rather than opposed processes.
Metabolomics Based Comparison on the Biomarkers between Panax Notoginseng and its Counterfeit Gynura Segetum in Rats
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhang Haixia , Shi Jianfeng , Qiu Shoubei , Fei Qianqian , Zhu Fenxia , Wang Jing , Huang Yiping , Tang Daoquan , Chen Bin 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Because of the similar appearance of Gynura segetum and panax notoginseng,
the patients often mistakenly use Gynura segetum as Panax notoginseng, which causes serious liver
damage. There is no comparative study on the metabolism of Gynura segetum and Panax notoginseng
in the literature. This study was conducted to compare the difference between Panax notoginseng and
its counterfeit Gynura segetum by using metabolomics method.

Methods:
In this paper, an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-offlight
mass spectrometric(UPLC-Q/TOF/MS) were used to detect the type of endogenous metabolites
in urine and plasma of three groups (normal group, ethanol extract of panax notoginseng, decoction of
Gynura segetum respectively, and different multivariate statistical analysis methods were established.

Results:
In this experiment, main urine biomarkers were L-glutamate, L-methionine, cytidine, and Ltyrosine
in the Panax notoginseng group, which are phytosphingosine, creatine and sphinganine in the
Gynura segetum group. The plasma biomarkers identified in the Panax notoginseng group were arachidonic
acid, L-tyrosine, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenoyl ethanolamide and lysoPC (15:0), and in the
Gynura segetum group are L-arginine, L-valine, arachidonic acid and LysoPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)).

Conclusion:
There are significant difference between Panax notoginseng and Gynura segetum in biomarkers
from the perspective of metabolomics in the body.
Cadazolid vs Vancomycin for the Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection: Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Muhammad Aziz , Simcha Weissman , Rawish Fatima , Sabih Rajani , Albert Eid , Ali Nawras 
Published: August 2019

Background::
Current guidelines recommend the use of vancomycin for the initial treatment
of Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI). Cadazolid, an experimental drug, has been utilized
and compared in several studies with varying results.

Methods::
A systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases [Medline, Google
Scholar and Cochrane] for eligible studies. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing
cadazolid with vancomycin for CDI treatment were included. Demographic variables and outcomes
(CDI resolution, CDI recurrence, and adverse events) were collected. The primary outcome was
clinical cure rate defined as the resolution of CDI at the end of a 10-day course.

Results::
Two studies with three RCTs met the inclusion criteria with a total of 1283 patients with
CDI who received either cadazolid 250 mg twice daily (624 patients) or vancomycin 125 mg four
times daily (659 patients). Clinical cure rate at the end of the treatment was not statistically significant
(pooled OR= 0.82; 95% CI = 0.61 to 1.11; p=0.20; I2= 0%). Sustained clinical response at
clinical follow-up was also not significantly different (pooled OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.91 to 1.43;
p=0.27; I2 = 0 %). Cadazolid had a lower recurrence rate than vancomycin (pooled OR = 0.71; 95%
CI = 0.52 to 0.98; p=0.04; I2 = 13 %).

Conclusion::
Cadazolid is non-inferior to vancomycin and offers a promising alternative for the
treatment of CDI. More studies including RCTs and longitudinal studies with large and diverse
patient population are needed to further confirm this. Furthermore, cadazolid should also be compared
with fidaxomicin in a head-to-head trial to evaluate their efficacy for CDI.
A Review of the Role of Statins in Heart Failure Treatment
Authors: Niazi Massumeh , Galehdar Nasrin , Jamshidi Mohammad , Mohammadi Rasool , Moayyedkazemi Alireza 
Published: August 2019

Background:Heart failure is a common medical problem in the world, which has a high prevalence in both developed and developing countries. Today, among the medications used for the heart failure treatment, there are many medications with a positive cardiac contraction effect (positive inotropic such as digital glycosides, adrenergic receptor stimulants, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors), a large number of cardiac diluents (such as Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor group), and a few other types of drugs whose final effects are still under review. Statins are valuable drugs that are broadly prescribed in hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular patients due to their multiple properties, such as cholesterol reduction, endothelial function improvement, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neovascularization, and immunomodulatory activities.Methods:There is evidence that the therapeutic role of statins in HF, due to myocardial hypertrophy, show reduction in cardiomyocyte loss in the apoptosis process, oxidative stress, inflammation, and also the return of neurohormonal imbalance. However, the fact that these drugs have no sideeffects has not been confirmed in all studies, as statins prevent the production of particular beneficial and protective factors, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), while inhibiting the production of specific proteins involved in pathologic mechanisms.Results:Recently, it has been hypothesized that, despite the positive effects reported, high doses of statins in patients with long-term heart failure lead to progress in heart failure by inhibiting CoQ10 synthesis and intensifying hypertrophy.Conclusion:Thus, it can be stated that the advantage of using statins depends on factors, such as stroke fraction, and the existence of other standard indications such as atherosclerotic diseases or high Low-Density Lipoprotein-C (LDL-C).
Treatment with Cinacalcet in Hemodialysis Patients with Severe Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, Influences Bone Mineral Metabolism and Anemia Parameters
Authors: Aktsiali Maria , Papachrysanthou Theodora , Griveas Ioannis , Andriopoulos Christos , Sitaras Panagiotis , Triantafyllopoulos Ioannis K. , Lambrou George I. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Due to the premium rate of Chronic Kidney Disease, we have increased
our knowledge with respect to diagnosis and treatment of Bone Mineral Disease (BMD) in End-
Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Currently, various treatment options are available. The medication
used for Secondary Hyper-Parathyroidism gives promising results in the regulation of Ca, P and
Parathormone levels, improving the quality of life. The aim of the present study was to investigate
the relation of cinacalcet administration to not only parathormone, Ca and P but also to anemia
parameters such as hematocrit and hemoglobin.

Materials and Methods:
retrospective observational study was conducted in a Chronic
Hemodialysis Unit. One-hundred ESRD patients were recruited for twenty-four months and were
evaluated on a monthly rate. Biochemical parameters were related to medication prescribed and the
prognostic value was estimated. Cinacalcet was administered to 43 out of 100 patients in a dose of
30-120 mg.

Results:
Significant differences were observed in PTH, Ca and P levels with respect to Cinacalcet
administration. Ca levels appeared to be higher at 30mg as compared to 60mg cinacalcet.
Furthermore, a decreasing age-dependent pattern was observed with respect to cinacalcet dosage. A
positive correlation was observed between Dry Weight (DW) and cinacalcet dose. Finally, a
positive correlation between Hematocrit and Hemoglobin and cinacalcet was manifested.

Conclusions:
Cinacalcet, is a potential cardiovascular and bone protective agent, which is approved
for use in ESRD patients to assist SHPT. A novel information was obtained from this study,
regarding the improvement of the control of anemia.