bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis-Driven Sphingolipid Metabolism Promotes Metastatic Potential of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jafari Naser , Drury James , Morris Andrew J. , Onono Fredrick O. , Stevens Payton D. , Gao Tianyan , Liu Jinpeng , Wang Chi , Lee Eun Y. , Weiss Heidi L. , Evers B. Mark , Zaytseva Yekaterina Y. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Metastasis is the most common cause of death in colorectal cancer patients. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sphingosine kinase-1 and -2 (SPHK1 and 2) are overexpressed in many cancers, including colorectal cancer. However, the contribution of FASN-mediated upregulation of sphingolipid metabolism to colorectal cancer metastasis and the potential of these pathways as targets for therapeutic intervention remain unknown. This study determined that sphingosine kinases (SPHK) are overexpressed in colorectal cancer as compared with normal mucosa. FASN expression significantly correlated with SPHK2 expression in data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and a colorectal cancer tumor microarray. FASN, SPHK1, and SPHK2 colocalized within invadopodia of primary colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, FASN inhibition decreased SPHK2 expression and the levels of dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate (DH-S1P) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in colorectal cancer cells and tumor tissues. Inhibition of FASN using TVB-3664 and sphingolipid metabolism using FTY-720 significantly inhibited the ability of primary colorectal cancer cells to proliferate, migrate, form focal adhesions, and degrade gelatin. Inhibition of the FASN/SPHK/S1P axis was accompanied by decreased activation of p-MET, p-FAK, and p-PAX. S1P treatment rescued FASN-mediated inhibition of these proteins, suggesting that FASN promotes metastatic properties of colorectal cancer cells, in part, through an increased sphingolipid metabolism. These data demonstrate that upregulation of the FASN/SPHK/S1P axis promotes colorectal cancer progression by enhancing proliferation, adhesion, and migration.

Implications:
This study provides a strong rationale for further investigation of the interconnection of de novo lipogenesis and sphingolipid metabolism that could potentially lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets and strategies for colorectal cancer.
Increased Mortality Rate after Hospitalization Among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shimizu Sayaka , Fukuma Shingo , Ikenoue Tatsuyoshi , Akizawa Tadao , Fukuhara Shunichi 
Published: August 2018

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Hemodialysis patients are at high risk of hospitalization and their condition may worsen with repeated hospitalization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the cumulative number of hospitalizations on post-discharge mortality. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was a prospective cohort study. We examined 3,359 adult patients on hemodialysis for at least 90 days who participated in the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study phases 3 and 4 (2005–2012). The patients hospitalized within 3 months before enrollment were excluded. The main exposure was the time-varying cumulative number of hospitalizations during the follow-up period. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality rate after discharge were estimated by time-dependent Cox regressions after adjusting for potential confounders. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The median follow-up time was 2.7 years, and 873 (26%) patients experienced at least 1 hospitalization during follow-up. The hospitalization rate was 0.23 per person-year and the mortality rate was 0.036 per person-year. The HR and 95% CI for post-discharge mortality increased as the cumulative number of hospitalizations increased: once, 1.41 (0.99–2.00); and twice or more, 2.27 (1.59–3.23). The cause-specific hospitalization categories, “infectious disease” and “cancer,” affected post-discharge mortality HRs in a similar manner: 2.41(1.32–4.41) and 2.70 (1.23–5.93), respectively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A higher cumulative number of hospitalizations is associated with increased post-discharge mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. The cause-specific hospitalizations category of “infectious disease” showed an impact on mortality similar to that of hospitalization for “cancer.” Therefore, physicians should pay more attention to reducing preventable hospitalizations.
Salerno’s Lombard Prince: Johannes ‘Abbas de Curte’ as Medical Practitioner
Authors: Glaze Florence Eliza 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper examines the state of medical learning and practitioner identity at the time Constantine the African arrived in Salerno, Italy. The author utilizes surviving early manuscripts of medical texts, documentary evidence, regional chronicles, and early Salernitan antidotaria to frame the identity and activity of a renowned practitioner, a member of the Lombard princely family, who continued after the Norman conquest to work as a practitioner and health administrator, and to serve both the region and the Norman-Lombard leadership. The author concludes that pharmacy, particularly interests in exotic substances from the East, was one of the driving forces behind the transformation of medicine in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries.
How to Accurately Account for Astrology’s Marginalization in the History of Science and Culture: The Central Importance of an Interpretive Framework
Authors: Rutkin H. Darrel 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Astrology is a complex, multifold and long-lived subject that has been approached from many different perspectives in a broad range of scholarly disciplines. In order to understand its many roles within the history of science, theology, and culture, one needs a well-articulated historically and conceptually sound interpretive framework. In this article, a framework is proposed based on the curricular structures at medieval universities by which fundamental conceptual patterns and practices were passed down from generation to generation. It is argued that this will be helpful both for framing answerable questions, and for approaching their solutions. This goes particularly for the complex long-term patterns of astrology’s marginalization from the domain of legitimate knowledge and practice during the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment.
Every Pixel of GOES-17 Imagery at Your Fingertips
Authors: Micke Kevin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe GOES-16, GOES-17, and Himawari-8 satellites bring with them rich datasets that can help protect life and property from extreme weather events, but these data are too immense for conventional ways of viewing satellite imagery over the web. New visualization tools are needed to facilitate their exploration, and to that end, the Satellite Loop Interactive Data Explorer in Real-Time (SLIDER) web application was recently developed and an experimental version was launched for public use. This new web application allows users to easily explore many terabytes of satellite imagery at full resolution, including a multiweek archive and cases of interest. Diverse user groups, from National Weather Service forecast offices to the general public, use SLIDER’s basic and advanced features to help get the most out of these new datasets.
On Different Microphysical Pathways to Convective Rainfall
Authors: Lasher-Trapp Sonia , Kumar Shailendra , Moser Daniel H. , Blyth Alan M. , French Jeffrey R. , Jackson Robert C. , Leon David C. , Plummer David M. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe Convective Precipitation Experiment (COPE) documented the dynamical and microphysical evolution of convection in southwestern England for testing and improving quantitative precipitation forecasting. A strong warm rain process was hypothesized to produce graupel quickly, initiating ice production by rime splintering earlier to increase graupel production and, ultimately, produce heavy rainfall. Here, convection observed on two subsequent days (2 and 3 August 2013) is used to test this hypothesis and illustrate how environmental factors may alter the microphysical progression. The vertical wind shear and cloud droplet number concentrations on 2 August were 2 times those observed on 3 August. Convection on both days produced comparable maximum radar-estimated rain rates, but in situ microphysical measurements indicated much less ice in the clouds on 2 August, despite having maximum cloud tops that were nearly 2 km higher than on 3 August. Idealized 3D numerical simulations of the convection in their respective environments suggest that the relative importance of particular microphysical processes differed. Higher (lower) cloud droplet number concentrations slow (accelerate) the warm rain process as expected, which in turn slows (accelerates) graupel formation. Rime splintering can explain the abundance of ice observed on 3 August, but it was hampered by strong vertical wind shear on 2 August. In the model, the additional ice produced by rime splintering was ineffective in enhancing surface rainfall; strong updrafts on both days lofted supercooled raindrops well above the 0°C level where they froze to become graupel. The results illustrate the complexity of dynamical–microphysical interactions in producing convective rainfall and highlight unresolved issues in understanding and modeling the competing microphysical processes.
Transoral Dermoid Cyst Excision: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Kim Jin Pyeong , Lee Dong Kun , Moon Jeong Hwan , Park Jung Je , Woo Seung Hoon 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTransoral surgery is becoming a preferred technique because it does not leave any scar after surgery. However, transoral surgery for a dermoid cyst of the oral cavity is not standardized yet, due to the anatomic complexity of this region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a transoral dermoid cyst excision.Study DesignMulticenter prospective observational study.SettingUniversity hospital.Subjects and MethodsThis study was designed as a 4‐year prospective multicenter evaluation of dermoid cyst excisions within the floor of mouth. Clinical outcomes and complications related to procedures were evaluated among patients. The primary outcome was the efficacy of the procedure, and the secondary outcome was cosmetic satisfaction of each procedure.ResultsTwenty‐one patients underwent transoral dermoid cyst excisions, and 22 underwent transcervical excisions. In the transoral surgery group, the mean size of the dermoid cyst was 5.35 cm (95% CI, 4.79‐5.91), and in the transcervical surgery group, it was 6.19 cm (95% CI, 5.67‐6.71). There was no significant differences with respect to overall demographic characteristics between the groups. However, the duration of the operation was shorter with the transoral group than with the transcervical group (P =. 001), and cosmetic satisfaction was much better in the transoral group (P <. 001).ConclusionTransoral dermoid cyst excision is a potentially safe and effective method that can lead to easy and quick removal of an oral cavity dermoid cyst, with excellent cosmetic outcomes.
Assessing the Quality of the Management of Tonsillitis among Australian Children: A Population‐Based Sample Survey
Authors: Hibbert Peter , Stephens Jacqueline H. , de Wet Carl , Williams Helena , Hallahan Andrew , Wheaton Gavin R. , Dalton Chris , Ting Hsuen P. , Arnolda Gaston , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were twofold: (1) to design and validate a set of clinical indicators of appropriate care for tonsillitis and (2) to measure the level of tonsillitis care that is in line with guideline recommendations in a sample of Australian children.Study DesignA set of tonsillitis care indicators was developed from available national and international guidelines and validated in 4 stages. This research used the same design as the CareTrack Kids study, which was described in detail elsewhere.SettingSamples of patient records from general practices, emergency departments, and hospital admissions were assessed.Subjects and MethodsPatient records of children aged 0 to 15 years were assessed for the presence of, and adherence to, the indicators for care delivered in 2012 and 2013.ResultsEleven indicators were developed. The records of 821 children (mean age, 5.0 years; SD, 4.0) with tonsillitis were screened. The reviewers conducted 2354 eligible indicator assessments across 1127 visits. Adherence to 6 indicators could be assessed and ranged from 14.3% to 73.2% (interquartile range 31.5% to 72.2%).ConclusionOur main findings are consistent with the international literature: the treatment of many children who present with confirmed or suspected tonsillitis is inconsistent with current guidelines. Future research should consider how the indicators could be applied in a structured and automated manner to increase the reliability and efficiency of record reviews and help raise clinicians’ awareness of appropriate tonsillitis management.
Unilateral Hearing Loss in Youth: Development of Candidate Items for a Condition‐Specific Validated Instrument
Authors: Purcell Patricia L. , Edwards Todd C. , Wisneski Meghan , Chan Dylan K. , Ou Henry , Horn David L. , Skirko Jonathan R. , Sie Kathleen C. Y. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThis study interviewed youth with unilateral hearing, utilizing their responses to generate candidate items for a condition‐specific patient‐reported instrument.Study DesignMixed methods, cross‐sectional.SettingTertiary care children's hospital.Participants and MethodsYouth with unilateral hearing loss and normal hearing in the contralateral ear were identified and recruited for participation through query of an audiometric database and through hearing loss clinics. Interviews with the youth were qualitatively analyzed to identify common themes and generate items related to functional impact. A multi‐institutional expert panel reviewed items with prespecified item selection criteria. Participants rated items for impact on daily life. For preliminary criterion validity assessment, statistical analyses explored correlations between functional scores and type and severity of hearing loss.ResultsThirty‐nine youth aged 9 to 18 years with unilateral hearing loss participated; 31% used a hearing device. Fifteen youth participated in interviews; thematic analysis, item crafting, and expert panel item review resulted in 41 items. Twenty‐six youth responded to the items, reporting low functional scores in the domains of sound localization, ear positioning, and noise environment. They reported better levels of function in carrying out group conversations, focusing on schoolwork, and feeling safe during activities. Multivariate linear regression found that youth scored 0.4 points (or approximately 8%) lower on the functional impact scale with every 20–dB HL increase in pure tone average in the abnormal ear.ConclusionYouth with unilateral hearing loss report functional impact, particularly related to sound localization, ear positioning, and noise environment; therefore, they may benefit from a condition‐specific functional assessment instrument.
Is MRI an adequate replacement for CT scans in the three-dimensional assessment of acetabular morphology?
Authors: Goronzy Jens , Blum Sophia , Hartmann Albrecht , Plodeck Verena , Franken Lea , Günther Klaus-Peter , Thielemann Falk 
Published: August 2018

Background Appropriate three-dimensional imaging of the hip joint is a substantial prerequisite for planning and performing surgical correction of deformities. Although surgeons still use computed tomography (CT), modern and fast acquisition techniques of volumetric imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for pelvic measurements enable similar resolution. Purpose This study was designed to determine if already described measures of acetabular morphology are comparable in both techniques and if assessment can be performed with equal intra-observer and inter-observer reliability. Material and Methods Thirty-two hips (16 patients) were examined with a pelvic CT and a MRI with 3-T. Pelvic orientation was standardized by each observer in coronal, axial, and sagittal planes. Acetabular version as well as seven acetabular sector angles were measured by two observers twice with a minimum of four weeks between sessions. Results Inter-rater reliability showed excellent results for intra- and inter-rater reliability for CT (0.977–0.999) and MRI (0.969–0.998) measuring acetabular version and sector angles. Evaluating the reliability of CT and MRI for each observer revealed excellent results (0.972–0.998). Evaluating the Bland–Altman plots for intra-observer reliability showed an equal distribution of angles, within acceptable 95% limits of agreement. The same results were observed for inter-observer reliability evaluating CT and MRI as well as inter-method reliability. Conclusion Modern MRI scans are equally applicable to assess the bony pelvis as CT scans. In addition, MRI would enable the examination of soft tissues such as chondrolabral structures and muscle in the same examination. Since hip-preserving surgery is mostly conducted in younger patients, the reduction of radiation exposure is a benefit.
Iterative scatter correction for grid-less skeletal radiography allows improved image quality equal to an antiscatter grid in adjunct with dose reduction: a visual grading study of 20 body donors
Authors: Lisson Christoph G , Lisson Catharina S , Kleiner Sebastian , Regier Marc , Beer Meinrad , Schmidt Stefan A 
Published: August 2018

Background Iterative scatter correction (ISC) is a new technique applicable to plain radiography; comparable to iterative reconstruction for computed tomography, it promises dose reduction and image quality improvement. ISC for bedside chest X-rays has been applied and evaluated for some time and has recently been commercially offered for plain skeletal radiography. Purpose To analyze the potential of ISC for plain skeletal radiography with regard to image quality improvement, dose reduction, and replacement for an antiscatter grid. Material and Methods A total of 385 radiographs with different imaging protocols of the pelvis and cervical spine were acquired from 20 body donors. Radiographs were rated by four radiologists. Ratings were analyzed with visual grading characteristics (VGC) analysis. The area under the VGC curve was used as a measure of difference in image quality. Results Without ISC, the grid-less images were rated significantly worse than their grid-based counterparts (0.389, P = 0.005); adding ISC made image quality equal (0.498; P = 0.963). In grid-less imaging, reduction of dose by 50% led to significant image quality impairment (0.415, P = 0.001); this was fully counterbalanced when ISC was added (0.512; P = 0.588). Conclusion ISC for plain skeletal radiography has the ability to replace the antiscatter grid without image quality impairment, to improve image quality in grid-less imaging, and to reduce patient radiation dose by 50% without substantial loss in image quality.
Percutaneous cryoablation for renal cell carcinoma using ultrasound-guided targeting and computed tomography-guided ice-ball monitoring: radiation dose and short-term outcomes
Authors: Kim Dong Kyu , Won Jong Yun , Park Sung Yoon 
Published: August 2018

Background Usefulness of ultrasound (US)-guided mass targeting and computed tomography (CT)-guided ice-ball monitoring in percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still uncertain. Purpose To assess radiation dose and short-term outcomes of PCA for RCC using US-guided targeting and CT-guided ice-ball monitoring. Material and Methods Thirty-nine consecutive patients who underwent PCA for biopsy-proven RCC were included. Mass targeting was performed with US and ice-ball was monitored with CT guidance. Effective radiation dose of CT during PCA was recorded. Follow-up was conducted with contrast-enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (mean follow-up time = 10.1 ± 7.0 months). Local tumor progression was defined by the presence of focal enhancing areas at the ablation zone (CT, ≥ 20 HU; MRI, presence of focal enhancement on subtraction contrast-enhanced image). Technical success, major complication rate (e.g. Clavien–Dindo classification ≥ 3), and one-year local tumor progression-free survival (PFS) rate were analyzed. Results Mean effective radiation dose in association with PCA was 12.1 ± 4.5 mSv (range = 7.0–25.2 mSv). Technical success was achieved in 100%. Local tumor progression occurred in a single patient (2.6%, 1/39), and one-year local tumor PFS rate was 95.7%. No major complication was found. Conclusion PCA using US-guided targeting and CT-guided ice-ball monitoring may allow acceptable local tumor control for RCC, as a radiation-reducing strategy.
The relationship between inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and DIO-1 concentration in patients with chronic renal failure accompanied with or without euthyroid sick syndrome
Authors: Qin Shu-Lan , He Qi , Hu Ling , He Chun-Yan , Gao Li-Cheng , Young Charlotte Aimee , Chen Juan , Jiang Cheng-Fang , Luo Xiang-Feng , Zhou Ying , Sheng Xia , Li Zhi-Hong , Chen Mei-Ling , Xu Gaosi 
Published: August 2018

Objective To investigate the relationship between inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and type 1 deiodinase (DIO-1) concentration in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) with or without euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS). Methods This study recruited patients with CRF and divided them into two groups: group 1 had low free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels; and group 2 had normal FT3 levels. Group 3 consisted of healthy volunteers. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, 8-isoprostane and DIO-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse correlations between parameters. Results Sixty patients were enrolled into each group and the groups were comparable in terms of vital signs, white blood cell count, free thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations. The serum DIO-1 concentration was significantly higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the DIO-1 concentration was inversely correlated with the TNF-α concentration. Conclusions Patients with CRF without ESS showed higher concentrations of DIO-1 than patients with ESS. The DIO-1 concentration was inversely correlated with the TNF-α concentration, which might indicate that the inflammatory response was milder in the patients with CRF without ESS than in those with ESS.