bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic correlates of dietary diversity and its association with adherence and psychosocial functioning of people living with HIV in rural Zambia
Authors: Masa Rainier , Chowa Gina , Nyirenda Victor 
Published: March 2018

Background: The intersection of nutrition and HIV underscores the importance of adequate food and a diverse diet. In communities with high prevalence of food insecurity and HIV, there is a substantial co-occurrence of low dietary diversity, undernutrition, and adverse health outcomes. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify correlates of individual dietary diversity (IDD) and its association with health outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in rural Zambia. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design using data from 101 PLHIV. We calculated IDD using a composite score based on dietary diversity, food frequency, and the relative nutritional importance of different food groups. Adherence was measured using the visual analog scale. Psychosocial functioning was measured using the Structural Barriers to Medication-taking Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using linear and logistic regressions. Multiple imputation was conducted to address missing data. Results: Staples were the most commonly consumed food group. Income and household size were negatively associated with IDD scores. Assets were positively associated with IDD scores. Residing in Lundazi and having a poor or fair self-rated health were associated with lower IDD scores. IDD was also associated, albeit not significant, with desirable health outcomes, including adherence and lower levels of perceived barriers to pill taking and stress. Conclusions: Findings suggest a heterogeneous effect of socioeconomic variables on IDD. Understanding this heterogeneity is important for the design of interventions. Interventions that combine opportunities to generate economic resources with food and nutrition coaching may be appropriate and effective.
Analysis of factors associated with development of Bacille Calmette–Guérin inoculation site change in patients with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Araki Tooru , Kodera Aya , Kitada Kunimi , Fujiwara Michimasa , Muraoka Michiko , Abe Yoshiko , Ikeda Masanori , Tsukahara Hirokazu 
Published: March 2018

Objective The present study was performed to identify factors associated with a Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) inoculation site change in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods Among patients who had received BCG vaccination and treatment for KD at our hospital from 2005 through 2016, 177 patients born in 2005 through 2016 were enrolled. The patients were divided into those with (n = 83, change group) and without (n = 94, no-change group) a BCG site change, and the patient demographics, clinical severity, blood examination results, and echocardiographic findings were compared between the two groups. Results The change group was younger at onset and had a shorter interval from vaccination to onset. A BCG site change was observed in patients who developed the onset of KD symptoms from 31 to 806 days after BCG vaccination. Multivariate analysis showed that the interval from vaccination was closely and positively associated with the BCG site change (hazard ratio = 0.995, 95% confidence interval = 0.993–0.997). Conclusion A BCG site change in patients with KD is most closely associated with the interval from BCG vaccination to onset.
Union Rate and Rate of Hardware Removal Following Plate Fixation of Metatarsal Shaft and Neck Fractures
Authors: Bryant Tony , Beck David M. , Daniel Joseph N. , Pedowitz David I. , Raikin Steven M. 
Published: March 2018

Background: There have been very few studies related to the treatment of first, second, third, and fourth (MT) metatarsal shaft and neck fractures. In order to reduce metatarsal fracture malunion, many surgeons have turned from K-wire to plate fixation of these fractures. This study reports the healing rates, final fracture angulation, and need for hardware removal of operatively treated first to fourth MT shaft and neck fractures with plate fixation. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on all metatarsal fractures at our institution between 2008 and 2014 to identify all first to fourth MT shaft and neck fractures. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed for evidence of union, sagittal, and coronal fracture angulation (degrees), time to full weight bearing, plate size, fracture location (neck vs shaft), and number of screws on each side of the fracture. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to make calculations of statistical significance. Results: Forty-five patients with a total of 75 first to fourth MT fractures treated with plate fixation were included in this study. All fractures went on to union and full weight bearing. The average time to union and time to full weight bearing was 10.9 ± 2 weeks and 7.5 ± 1.6 weeks, respectively. The average coronal and sagittal plane angulation was 3.9 and 2.2 degrees, respectively. Fractures located in the neck were found to have higher coronal plane angulation malunion compared with fractures in the shaft ( P = .019). No variable was found to be related to final sagittal plane angulation. No patient had a plate removed, and 26 of 27 of patients did not want to have the plate removed. Conclusion: Metatarsal fractures fixed with plates had high rates of union and low final fracture angulation. No patient included in this study underwent hardware removal. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
Feedback that Fits: How Experienced and Naïve Students view Internships
Authors: Perlmutter David D. , Fletcher Alan D. 
Published: March 2018

“Wow, they really want me to work!” said the recent alumnus about his new employers. “You knew that before, didn't you? You had an internship there two years ago,” I responded. He shook his head. “Somehow that was different. Maybe they expected less of me, or maybe I wasn't paying attention.”
Pretreatment Histoplasma capsulatum urine enzymatic immunoassay concentrations do not correlate with outcome but may be influenced by renal function in cats with histoplasmosis
Authors: McGill Jennifer E , Hanzlicek Andrew S , Kukanich Kate S , Norsworthy Gary D , Cook Audrey K 
Published: March 2018

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine if urine Histoplasma antigen (HAg) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) concentrations at the time of diagnosis and prior to the administration of antifungal agents are predictive of outcome for cats infected with Histoplasma capsulatum and to determine if compromised renal function affects urine HAg EIA measurements. Methods Medical records at four institutions were searched to identify cats diagnosed with histoplasmosis between April 2012 and December 2015. Pretreatment urine Histoplasma EIA values were recorded, along with patient signalment, serum creatinine concentration, urine specific gravity, site(s) of infection and survival data. Results Pretreatment urine HAg EIA measurements were available for 50 cats, and ranged from 0–19.1 ng/ml (median 6.3 ng/ml). Thirty-five cats were alive at day 180, 12 had died or were euthanized (median survival time 24 days; range 2–124 days) and three were lost to follow-up. The median urine HAg EIA at the time of diagnosis for cats alive at 6 months was 5 ng/ml (range 0–19.1); this was similar to findings for the non-survivors (median 7.29 ng/ml; range 0.78–19.1; P = 0.54). Surviving cats were significantly younger (mean age 6.9 years) than non-survivors (mean age 9.9 years; P = 0.03) but median body weights (3.8 kg vs 3.6 kg) and rates of pulmonary involvement (22/35 vs 9/12) were similar for the two groups. Median urine HAg EIA concentration was lower in cats with evidence of renal compromise than cats with acceptable renal function (0.54 ng/ml vs 7.2 ng/ml; P <0.013). Conclusions and relevance Urine HAg EIA concentrations at the time of diagnosis are not predictive of outcome in cats with histoplasmosis and should not be used as a prognostic indicator in this species. Renal function may influence urine HAg EIA concentrations in cats; further investigation is needed to see if concurrent kidney disease impacts test sensitivity.
Supporting autonomy of nursing home residents with dementia in the informed consent process
Authors: Beattie Elizabeth , O’Reilly Maria , Fetherstonhaugh Deirdre , McMaster Mitchell , Moyle Wendy , Fielding Elaine 
Published: March 2018

Background In studies involving people with dementia, researchers have historically defaulted to seeking consent from a proxy, the assumption being that people with dementia are unable to provide their own informed consent. This choice denies people with dementia a voice in the consent process, thus disregarding their autonomy and agency. Recently, other options for improving the consent process have been explored. Objective This study aimed to determine whether nursing home residents with dementia could demonstrate an ability to provide their own informed consent as determined by the Evaluation to Sign Consent instrument. Methods As part of a larger study on the quality of life of nursing home residents, the Evaluation to Sign Consent was administered to 392 people diagnosed with dementia. Data on demographic variables, such as gender and age, as well as level of cognitive impairment, were also collected. Results Just over one-fifth (22%) of the residents with dementia were judged as having the capacity to provide their own informed consent to participate in this specific research project. Consistent with existing literature, capacity to consent was significantly, and negatively, associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusion This study demonstrates that assuming all people diagnosed with dementia are unable to provide informed consent for research on the basis of cognitive test scores, or on clinical assessment alone, potentially denies them the autonomy to make a decision that they may be capable of making. Research involving people with mild-to-moderate dementia needs to consider evaluating whether potential participants have the capacity to provide their own consent.
Low linoleic and high docosahexaenoic acids in a severe phenotype of transgenic cystic fibrosis mice
Authors: Strandvik Birgitta , O´ Neal Wanda K , Ali Mohamed A , Hammar Ulf 
Published: March 2018

Low linoleic acid concentration is a common finding in patients with cystic fibrosis and associated with severe clinical phenotype. Low docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids are more inconsistently found in patients, but arachidonic/docosahexaenoic ratio is usually high. In animal models with cftr mutations or KO animals for the cftr gene, linoleic acid deficiency has not been consistently reported and some report docosahexaenoic deficiency as the major fatty acid abnormality. We hereby describe fatty acid profile in a severe clinical cystic fibrosis phenotype in mice with a duplication of exon 3 generated in the cystic fibrosis gene of C57B1/6J mice ( cftrm1Bayallele). In 43/50 animals, plasma phospholipid fatty acids were repeatedly analyzed (mean three times/animal) covering ages between 7 and 235 days. Linoleic acid concentrations were significantly lower in cftr−/− mice compared to heterozygotes ( P = 0.03) and wild type mice ( P < 0.001). Females had significantly lower linoleic acid than males, not related to age. Arachidonic acid did not differ but docosahexaenoic acid was higher in cftr−/− than in wild type mice ( P < 0.001). The arachidonic/docosahexaenoic acid ratio did not differ but arachidonic/linoleic acid ratio was higher in cftr−/− mice compared to wild type mice ( P = 0.007). Similar to clinical studies, type of mutation is important for lipid abnormality with low linoleic acid most consistently found in the animals. Rodents differ in metabolism by synthesizing docosahexaenoic acid more efficiently comparing to humans, suggesting greater influence by diet. Precaution seems important when comparing animal and humans.Impact statementIn translational research, animal models are important to investigate the effect of genetic mutations in specific diseases and their metabolism. Special attention has to be given to differences in physiology and metabolism between species and humans, which otherwise can hazard the conclusions. Our work illustrates that the different synthesis capacity in mice and humans for DHA would explain different results in different models for cystic fibrosis and different influences of diets. To avoid disappointing clinical results, these facts have to be considered before extensive clinical studies are started based on results from single animal studies.
Re-treatment of residual aneurysms after flow diversion: An experimental study
Authors: Fahed Robert , Darsaut Tim E , Kotowski Marc , Salazkin Igor , Raymond Jean 
Published: March 2018

Aim Flow diverters are increasingly used to treat aneurysms, but treatment is not always effective. The management of aneurysms that fail to occlude following flow diversion is problematic. We aimed to reproduce failures in an animal model and study re-treatment with additional flow diverters alone or with flow diverters and liquid embolic agent. Material and methods Twenty wide-necked aneurysms were created at the carotid-lingual bifurcation in 10 dogs, and were treated with flow diverters 4–6 weeks later. Follow-up angiography was performed at three months. Suitable residual aneurysms were randomly allocated: re-treatment with flow diverters alone ( n = 6), or with the injection of liquid embolic between two layers of flow diverters ( n = 4) or no re-treatment ( n = 2). Angiography was repeated three months later, followed by euthanasia, photography and pathology. Results Patent wide-necked aneurysms were produced in 17/20 attempts (85%); three months after flow diversion there were 15/17 (88%) residual aneurysms. In three cases, re-treatment was not possible because the flow diverter had prolapsed into the aneurysm, leaving 12 aneurysms to study. Re-treated aneurysms showed improved angiographic results at six months (median score of 2; P = 0.03), but residual aneurysms were present in all cases. Parent artery occlusion occurred in two aneurysms treated with flow diverter plus liquid embolic. At pathology, aneurysms were only partially filled with thrombus; leaks through the flow diverters were found in the neointima connecting the arterial lumen to residual aneurysms. Conclusion Re-treatment of residual flow-diverted experimental aneurysms with additional flow diverters did not lead to aneurysm occlusion.
Are active labour market policies effective in activating and integrating low-skilled individuals? An international comparison
Authors: Escudero Verónica 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This paper examines the effectiveness of active labour market policies (ALMPs) in improving labour market outcomes, especially of low-skilled individuals, by means of a pooled cross-country and time series database for 31 advanced countries during the period 1985–2010. The analysis includes aspects of the delivery system to see how the performance of ALMPs is affected by different implementation characteristics. Among the notable results, the paper finds that ALMPs matter at the aggregate level, but mostly through an appropriate management and implementation. In this regard, sufficient allocation of resources to programme administration and policy continuity appear to be particularly important. Moreover, start-up incentives and measures aimed at vulnerable populations are more effective than other ALMPs in terms of reducing unemployment and increasing employment. Interestingly, the positive effects of these policies seem to be particularly beneficial for the low skilled.

JEL Classification: J08, E24, H5, J68, D78
Implementing a Childhood Cancer Outcomes Surveillance System Within a Population-Based Cancer Registry
Authors: Ramirez Oscar , Aristizabal Paula , Zaidi Alia , Ribeiro Raul C. , Bravo Luis E. ,   on behalf of VIGICANCER Working Group
Published: March 2018

Purpose Approximately 80% of cases of childhood cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries and are associated with high mortality rates. Assessing outcomes is essential for designing effective strategies to improve outcomes equally worldwide. We implemented a real-time surveillance system, VIGICANCER, embedded in a population-based cancer registry (PBCR) to assess childhood cancer outcomes. Methods VIGICANCER was established in 2009 as an integral part of Cali’s PBCR to collect real-time data on outcomes of patients (age < 19 years) with a new diagnosis of cancer treated in pediatric oncology units in Cali, Colombia. Baseline and follow-up data (death, relapse, treatment abandonment, second neoplasms) were collected from medical records, hospital discharge logs, pathology reports, death certificates, and the National Public Health Insurance database. A quality assurance process was implemented for the system. Results From 2009 to 2013, data from 1,242 patients were included in VIGICANCER: 32% of patients were younger than 5 years, 55% were male, and 15% were Afro-descendants. International Classification of Childhood Cancer group I diagnoses predominated in all age groups except children younger than 1 year old, in whom CNS tumors predominated. Five-year overall survival for all cancers was 51.7% (95% CI, 47.9% to 55.4%) for children (< 15 years), and 39.4% (95% CI, 29.8% to 50.5%) for adolescents (15 to 18.9 years). Five-year overall survival for acute lymphoblastic leukemia was 55.6% (95% CI, 48.5% to 62.2%). Conclusion Our study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a real-time childhood cancer outcomes surveillance system embedded in a PBCR that can guide interventions to improve clinical outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.
TMEM55a localizes to macrophage phagosomes to downregulate phagocytosis
Authors: Morioka Shin , Nigorikawa Kiyomi , Okada Eri , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Kasuu Yoshihiro , Yamada Miho , Kofuji Satoshi , Takasuga Shunsuke , Nakanishi Hiroki , Sasaki Takehiko , Hazeki Kaoru 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
TMEM55a (also known as PIP4P2) is an enzyme that dephosphorylates the phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) PtdIns(4,5)P2 to form PtdIns(5)P in vitro. However, the in vivo conversion of the polyphosphoinositide into PtdIns(5)P by the phosphatase has not yet been demonstrated, and the role of TMEM55a remains poorly understood. Here, we found that mouse macrophages (Raw264.7) deficient in TMEM55a showed an increased engulfment of large particles without affecting the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli. Transfection of a bacterial phosphatase with similar substrate specificity to TMEM55a, namely IpgD, into Raw264.7 cells inhibited the engulfment of IgG-erythrocytes in a manner dependent on its phosphatase activity. In contrast, cells transfected with PIP4K2a, which catalyzes PtdIns(4,5)P2 production from PtdIns(5)P, increased phagocytosis. Fluorescent TMEM55a transfected into Raw264.7 cells was found to mostly localize to the phagosome. The accumulation of PtdIns(4,5)P2, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and F-actin on the phagocytic cup was increased in TMEM55a-deficient cells, as monitored by live-cell imaging. Phagosomal PtdIns(5)P was decreased in the knockdown cells, but the augmentation of phagocytosis in these cells was unaffected by the exogenous addition of PtdIns(5)P. Taken together, these results suggest that TMEM55a negatively regulates the phagocytosis of large particles by reducing phagosomal PtdIns(4,5)P2 accumulation during cup formation.
Analysis of adolescents’ opinions on suicide prevention
Authors: Kielan Aleksandra , Cieślak Ilona , Skonieczna Joanna , Olejniczak Dominik , Jabłkowska-Górecka Karolina , Panczyk Mariusz , Gotlib Joanna , Walewska-Zielecka Bożena 
Published: March 2018

Cel pracyCelem niniejszej pracy jest poznanie opinii młodzieży w wieku 16-19 lat, uczęszczającej do warszawskich publicznych liceów ogólnokształcących, na temat efektywności profilaktyki samobójstw.MetodaPopulacja badana objęła młodzież, która w roku 2015 była w wieku 16-19 lat (M = 17,29; SD = 0,94). Respondenci uczęszczali do ośmiu warszawskich publicznych liceów ogólnokształcących z ośmiu różnych dzielnic. Badanie było reprezentatywne. W badaniu uczestniczyło 1439 respondentów – 821 dziewcząt (57,1%) i 592 chłopców (41,1%). Badanie przeprowadzono metodą PAPI. Kwestionariusz zawierał 34 pytania.WynikiRespondenci najczęściej nie wiedzieli czy w Polsce istnieje zorganizowany system zapobiegania samobójstwom (42,0%), ale duża część respondentów (39,7%) miała świadomość, że taki system w Polsce nie istnieje. Respondenci uważali działalność szkoły (46,7%), Kościoła (38,3%) i policji (55,9%) za nieskuteczną, jednostek opieki zdrowotnej (47,7%) i mediów (46,6%) za mało skuteczne, natomiast rodzinę (70,9%) za skuteczną w zakresie zapobiegania samobójstwom. Osoby, które upatrują znaczącą rolę kościoła równocześnie wskazują na znaczący udział rodziny w zapobieganiu samobójstwom, a w znacznie mniejszym stopniu innych z wymienionych instytucji.Wnioski1. Ponad 1/3 badanej młodzieży zdaje sobie sprawę, iż w Polsce nie istnieje zintegrowany system zapobiegania samobójstwom.
2. Najważniejszą rolę w prewencji zachowań autodestrukcyjnych, w opinii licealistów, pełni rodzina.
3. Istnieje potrzeba większego zaangażowania szkół, Kościoła, policji, jednostek służby zdrowia oraz mediów w edukację i uświadamianie młodzieży w kwestii profilaktyki zachowań autodestrukcyjnych.
Orality, Germanic Literacy and Runic Inscriptions in Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: Daly James 
Published: March 2018

The presence of runic writing before the influx of Latinate literacy in Anglo-Saxon England is often neglected when investigating the transitional nature of orality and literacy in vernacular Anglo-Saxon writing. The presence of runes in Anglo-Saxon society and Old English manuscripts supports the theory that Old English poetry operated within a transitional period between orality and literacy (as argued by O'Keeffe (1990), Pasternack (1995), Amodio (2005)). However runic symbols problematize the definition of orality within Old English oral-formulaic studies because runic writing practices predate Latinate literacy in England. This article explores the possibility that the orality contained within Old English poetry is a form of secondary orality due to the pre-existence of runic writing in Anglo-Saxon England. This form of secondary orality occurs within the wider social cultural shift between primary orality and modern hyper-literate states as runes act as a literary representation of change within the construction of thought and literature in the English language. This article suggests that runes can be understood as a type of ‘transitional literacy’ between primary orality and Latinate derived literary practices. They act as a way of composing and recording thought as text while still maintaining elements strongly associated with the construction of a primary oral culture in how the texts are interpreted by a culture familiar with writing. Therefore clarification must be made when understanding Old English as a transitional poetic form, namely that the nature and degree of transition contained within Old English poetry builds upon runic inscriptions as it represents a transition between a Germanic and Latinate forms of textuality and literacy.
adverCidade (voz e papel)
Authors: Rodrigues Américo 
Published: March 2018

adverCidade (dezembro de 2016) é a peça criada por Américo Rodrigues para integrar este número da revista Materialidades da Literatura. Construída a partir de um complexo jogo linguístico, e das possibilidades combinatórias que este potencia, adverCidade é afinal uma reflexão sobre o lugar do poeta na praça de jorna: são as multifacetas de uma cidade (Guarda?) onde o poeta (Américo?) é o seu mais feroz e fricativo adversário, adverso a contra-verso, dado como nado morto - mas vivo! - ainda que amordaçado, adVergastado, como se ouve ecoando nos gemidos e rugidos de um Américo capaz de engolir cidades e adverCidades. Em primeiro plano, o poeta pReverso diverte-se na decomposição da palavra, um trava-língua travado à partida advvvvffff….. enunciando o verso do verso jamais converso na voz adversa.
Gravação: César Prata, no Estúdio RequeRec, em dezembro de 2016