bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Dispersion and Ultradeep Activity of HDS Catalyst by New Synthesis Approach
Authors: Ganiyu Saheed A. , Ali Syed Ahmed , Alhooshani Khalid 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe syntheses of highly dispersed NiMoS catalysts for ultradeep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of refractory organosulfur compounds is carried out by adopting different metal deposition strategies on mesoporous silica: (i) single‐pot approach (SP), (ii) modified‐single‐pot approach (MSP); and (iii) addition of chelating agent (CA) with MSP (MSP‐CA). The characteristics of catalysts were evaluated by means of N2‐physisorption, chemisorption by thermal desorption and reduction (TPD and TPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and spectroscopy techniques; X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescence (XRF), photoelectron (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and with pyridine adsorption (FTIR‐pyridine). Simultaneous desulfurization activity of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and dimethyl‐dibenzothiophene (4,6‐DMDBT) was carried out in a batch autoclave reactor at 350 °C and 5 MPa. MSP approach showed notable improvement in the Ni loading, textural properties and dispersion of active metals compared to the SP method. Consequently, MSP catalyst outperformed for the HDS rate of refractory organosulfur compounds (DBT and 4,6‐DMDBT) by both the direct desulfurization and hydrogenation routes. The addition of CA further improved the performance of MSP, especially for the HDS of 4,6‐DMDBT.
Encapsulated Textile Organic Solar Cells Fabricated by Spray Coating
Authors: Li Yi , Arumugam Sasikumar , Krishnan Chirenjeevi , Charlton Martin D. B. , Beeby Stephen P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSolution based processes such as screen printing and spray coating are established processes for fabricating organic solar cells (OSCs) on flexible polymer substrates. However, realizing a flexible solar cell on a textile substrate remains a significant challenge due to the properties of the textile itself, which can present an absorbent, rough and fibrous surface. The textile also limits processing temperatures which can reduce functional materials performance. In this work, we demonstrate an optimized fabrication approach using entirely spray coating to fabricate textile OSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.4 %. An interface layer is first deposited on the standard woven textile that forms a smooth supporting layer for the subsequent spray coated functional layers. A top encapsulation layer is deposited on top of the fabricated textile OSCs, which improves the durability and life time of the OSCs is evidenced by cyclic bending test.
Nanostructured Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)‐Derived Solid Electrolytes Realizing Fast Lithium Ion Transportation Kinetics in Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Wu Jian‐Fang , Guo Xin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSolid‐state batteries are hindered from practical applications, largely due to the retardant ionic transportation kinetics in solid electrolytes (SEs) and across electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Taking advantage of nanostructured UIO/Li‐IL SEs, fast lithium ion transportation is achieved in the bulk and across the electrode/electrolyte interfaces; in UIO/Li‐IL SEs, Li‐containing ionic liquid (Li‐IL) is absorbed in Uio‐66 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The ionic conductivity of the UIO/Li‐IL (15/16) SE reaches 3.2 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C. Owing to the high surface tension of nanostructured UIO/Li‐IL SEs, the contact between electrodes and the SE is excellent; consequently, the interfacial resistances of Li/SE and LiFePO4/SE at 60 °C are about 44 and 206 Ω cm2, respectively. Moreover, a stable solid conductive layer is formed at the Li/SE interface, making the Li plating/stripping stable. Solid‐state batteries from the UIO/Li‐IL SEs show high discharge capacities and excellent retentions (≈130 mA h g−1 with a retention of 100% after 100 cycles at 0.2 C; 119 mA h g−1 with a retention of 94% after 380 cycles at 1 C). This new type of nanostructured UIO/Li‐IL SEs is very promising for solid‐state batteries, and will open up an avenue toward safe and long lifespan energy storage systems.
Assessment of Operational and Structural Factors Influencing Performance of Fish Collectors in Forebays of High‐Head Dams
Authors: Kock Tobias J. , Verretto Nicholas E. , Ackerman Nicklaus K. , Perry Russell W. , Beeman John W. , Garello Michael C. , Fielding Scott D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProviding efficient downstream passage is critical for improving populations of migratory fishes in impounded river systems. High‐head dams, such as those used for water storage or flood‐risk management, pose unique passage challenges requiring unique solutions. Systems to collect fish in dam forebays (“forebay collectors”) for transport to downstream release locations have been used at some high‐head dams in the western United States since the 1950s. Collection efficiency of these facilities has ranged from nearly 0% to 100%, suggesting the need for a better understanding of factors affecting performance in these complex environments if they are to be designed and deployed at new sites. We compiled information on environmental, structural, and performance characteristics of seven existing forebay collectors to quantify factors affecting their performance based on a meta‐analysis using a data set containing 52 separate collection estimates. Covariates included species type (steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha, Coho Salmon O. kisutch, and Sockeye Salmon O. nerka), collector inflow, collector entrance area, relative size of the dam forebay, and whether or not nets were used to enhance collection. We found that inflow, the use of lead nets, the size of the collector entrance area, the relative size of the dam forebay, and the interaction between collector entrance and forebay areas were significant predictors of collection performance. There was also evidence for differences between species. Chinook Salmon exhibited the lowest collection rates among the projects we examined, while steelhead collection rates were highest. These results provide guidance to design more efficient forebay collectors and improve the success of existing systems.
Fish Growth Changes over Time in a Midwestern U.S. Lake
Authors: Katzenmeyer Eric D. , Colvin Michael E. , Stewart Timothy W. , Pierce Clay L. , Grummer Scott E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGrowth of Walleyes Sander vitreus, Yellow Bass Morone mississippiensis, Common Carp Cyprinus carpio, and Black Bullheads Ameiurus melas was assessed in Clear Lake, Iowa, over several decades and in relation to environmental variables. Growth of Common Carp was positively correlated with phytoplankton concentration. Recent Black Bullhead growth was faster than in the 1950s and 1990s, which may be a consequence of their recent decline in abundance. Growth of Common Carp and Yellow Bass was faster in the 1940s than in more recent time periods. Relative to their entire range, Common Carp first‐year growth was below average, whereas length at later ages was above average. Walleye relative growth showed a similar pattern. The large changes in growth over several decades suggest that as the Clear Lake ecosystem continues to change, growth rates of its important fish species are also likely to continue changing.
Airfoil optimisation for vertical‐axis wind turbines with variable pitch
Authors: De Tavernier Delphine , Ferreira Carlos , van Bussel Gerard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo advance the design of a multimegawatt vertical‐axis wind turbine (VAWT), application‐specific airfoils need to be developed. In this research, airfoils are tailored for a VAWT with variable pitch. A genetic algorithm is used to optimise the airfoil shape considering a balance between the aerodynamic and structural performance of airfoils. At rotor scale, the aerodynamic objective aims to create the required optimal loading while minimising losses. The structural objective focusses on maximising the bending stiffness. Three airfoils from the Pareto front are selected and analysed using the actuator cylinder model and a prescribed‐wake vortex code. The optimal pitch schedule is determined, and the loadings and power performance are studied for different tip‐speed ratios and solidities. The comparison of the optimised airfoils with similar airfoils from the first generation shows a significant improvement in performance, and this proves the necessity to properly select the airfoil shape.
Anaerobic treatability and residual biogas potential of the effluent stream of anaerobic digestion processes
Authors: Ülgüdür Nilüfer , Demirer Göksel Niyazi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough anaerobic digestion is a well‐established technology, the treatment and disposal of the digestate still presents a challenge due to lack of viable methods for processing. The residual organic matter in digestates also creates a significant residual biogas potential. This fact indicates that the digestates need further processing not only to reduce their organic content for disposal, but also to capture the biogas associated with this residual organic content. This study investigated anaerobic treatment and residual biogas potential of digestates obtained from five full‐scale farm‐based digesters. The results indicated that it was possible to reduce the total chemical oxygen demand (CODt) of the digestates with an efficiency of 21%–84%. The corresponding biogas yields of digestates ranged between 0.078 and 0.326 Lbiogas/g VSadded. This level of biogas production is comparable to the biogas production potential of several commonly used raw substrates.Practitioner points

Significant CODt reduction and biogas capture can be attained by AD of digestates.

The digestates subjected to anaerobic treatment yielded up to 82% CODt removal.

Residual biogas yields of digestates ranged between 0.078–0.326 Lbiogas/g VSadded.

Biogas yields obtained were comparable to many raw feedstocks of biogas plants.
Optimization of defluoridation using Ficus benghalensis leaf biosorbent through Taguchi's method
Authors: George Aju Mathew , Tembhurkar Ajay R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPresent research focuses on optimization of process parameters for defluoridation on novel Ficus benghalensis leaf biosorbent using Taguchi design tool. The maximum fluoride removal is obtained at pH 7, initial concentration 5 mg/L, contact time 120 min, adsorbent dose 10 g/L, and temperature 30°C, and its percentage contribution is found using ANOVA in the following order: pH 50.76% > initial concentration of adsorbate 44.76% > contact time 2.54% > adsorbent dose 1.17% > temperature 0.76%. It follows Langmuir isotherm with constants “a” and “b” obtained as 2.183 mg/g and 0.667 L/mg and fitting well with pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature (ΔH = 15,530.55 J/mol). Advanced Analyses, viz., BET, FESEM‐EDS, and FTIR are done to know the characteristics of Ficus benghalensis leaf biosorbent. Experiment on defluoridation of contaminated groundwater indicated over 90% removal efficacy, and the concentration of treated water satisfies drinking water standards for fluoride.Practitioner points

A fundamental research leading towards development of a novel biosorbent from Ficus benghalensis leaves waste for defluoridation.

Necessary adsorption equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies to arrive at optimum operating parameters using Taguchi method and constants useful for designing defluoridation unit and advanced analysis mainly BET, FESM‐EDS and FTIR to have better insight.

Validation on real field samples to prove its technical feasibility of defluoridation using the novel biosorbent developed.
Effect of solids residence time on dynamic responses in chemical P removal
Authors: Conidi Daniela , Parker Wayne J. , Smith Scott 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe impact of solids residence time (SRT) on the dynamics of phosphorus (P) removal by hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) floc was characterized through experimental and modeling studies. Three abiotic process conditions were considered in systems operated over a range of SRTs (~3 to 27 days): uptake in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) under (a) constant and (b) dynamic P loading conditions, and (c) uptake in batch sorption tests with preformed HFO solids. P removal under all conditions was characterized by an initial period of fast removal followed by a period of slower removal until pseudo‐equilibrium was reached. The initial removal rate increased with increasing P concentrations and was attributed to a larger concentration gradient between soluble‐ and adsorbed‐phase concentrations. A kinetic model was developed and found to describe the dynamic behavior of P adsorption onto HFO floc under all conditions tested. A consistent mass transfer rate coefficient (k) was found to describe mass transfer over a range of SRTs for low initial P concentrations. At elevated SRTs (23–27 days) and elevated influent P concentrations, k values were found to deviate from those estimated at reduced SRTs. Differences in process mixing conditions were reflected in the estimated rate coefficients (k). Integration of the kinetic model with existing equilibrium models in wastewater process simulators will improve the ability to predict P uptake onto HFO floc under dynamic loading conditions in water resource recovery facilities. Models that consider the kinetics of P uptake will be particularly relevant for facilities that are required to achieve ultralow P concentrations.Practitioner points

This work provides a kinetic model that can be integrated with existing equilibrium models in wastewater process simulators to improve the ability to predict P uptake onto HFO floc under dynamic loading conditions.

This research can be used to assist WRRFs to achieve ultralow effluent P requirements.
Reduction of hydrogen sulfide gas in a small wastewater collection system using sodium hydroxide
Authors: Wiley Patrick E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Kennebunk Sewer District collection system experienced H2S‐induced corrosion downstream of terminus manholes for the Wells Road and Boothby Road pumping stations. An automated odor control system using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was developed to mitigate further corrosion. System performance was quantified by recording the [H2S] in the terminus manholes before and after NaOH treatment. Preliminary evaluation at the Wells Road facility demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the average [H2S] between the treatment (4.8 ± 0.3 ppm) and control (67 ± 1.5 ppm). Permanent systems installed at both facilities in 2017 yielded similar positive results. The average [H2S] in the Wells and Boothby Road terminus manholes reduced from 89.4 ± 1.0 to 8.0 ± 0.1 ppm and from 7.9 ± 0.2 to 0.82 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively. This work demonstrates the ability of the NaOH system presented here to minimize emission of corrosive H2S gas in small collection systems.Practitioner points

Biologically‐produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas corrodes sewer collection system components and results in premature asset failure.

Maintaining wastewater pH above 8.5 by injecting sodium hydroxide (NaOH) minimizes H2S emission by shifting the molar distribution of sulfur species and partially inhibiting the anaerobes that produce H2S.

The practical application of this approach may be limited to small wastewater collection systems.
Investigations into PoyH, a promiscuous protease from polytheonamide biosynthesis
Authors: Helf Maximilian J , Freeman Michael F , Piel Jörn 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Polytheonamides are the most extensively modified ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products (RiPPs) currently known. In RiPP biosynthesis, the processed peptide is usually released from a larger precursor by proteolytic cleavage to generate the bioactive terminal product of the pathway. For polytheonamides, which are members of a new RiPP family termed proteusins, we have recently shown that such cleavage is catalyzed by the cysteine protease PoyH acting on the precursor PoyA, both encoded in the polytheonamide biosynthetic gene cluster. We now report activity for PoyH under a variety of reaction conditions for different maturation states of PoyA and demonstrate a potential use of PoyH as a promiscuous protease to liberate and characterize RiPPs from other pathways. As a proof of concept, the identified recognition motif was introduced into precursors of the thiopeptide thiocillin and the lanthipeptide lichenicidin VK1, allowing for their site-specific cleavage with PoyH. Additionally, we show that PoyH cleavage is inhibited by PoyG, a previously uncharacterized chagasin-like protease inhibitor encoded in the polytheonamide gene cluster.
Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction: A Double-Blind, Randomized-Control Trial Using Tadalafil
Authors: Pattanaik Smita , Kaundal Pawan , Mavuduru Ravimohan S. , Singh Shrawan K. , Mandal Arup K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective
To assess whether tadalafil improves endothelial dysfunction(EnD) in a placebo-controlled randomized-control trial.

Methods
Erectile dysfunction and EnD were assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery respectively, at baseline and 4 weeks by blinded observer. Patients with FMD of &lt; 15% were randomized in 1:1 ratio to receive either placebo or tadalafil. Both placebo and tadalafil in similar-appearing capsules but coded separately, were dispensed by a blinded co-investigator. Compliance and drug-related events were recorded. The randomization codes were then decoded and appropriate statistical tests applied.

Results
89 patients were randomized and 82 completed the study. Both groups were comparable. Posttreatment, there were significant improvements in IIEF-5 score (pre- vs posttreatment; tadalafil: 11.432 vs 15.937, P &lt; .001 and placebo 11.232 vs 14.935, P &lt; .00) and FMD% pre- vs posttreatment; tadalafil: 11.222 vs 13.827, P &lt; .001 and placebo: 11.617 vs 14.027, P &lt; .001). Intergroup comparison did not show any significant difference in IIEF scores (mean change in tadalafil vs placebo group: 3.719 vs 4.433, P = .223) and FMD% (mean change tadalafil vs placebo group: 2.426 and 2.829, P = .528). The adverse events were significantly more in the tadalafil group (tadalafil vs placebo 14 adverse reactions [ADR] vs 5 ADR, P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The response of low-dose tadalafil on IIEF and FMD is largely similar to placebo; however, the utility of FMD% in young patients and placebo effect needs to be studied further.
Large eddy simulation of transient upstream/downstream vortex interactions
Authors: Forster Kyle J. , Diasinos Sammy , Doig Graham , Barber Tracie J. 
Published: January 2019

Experimentally validated large eddy simulations were performed on two NACA0012 vanes at various lateral offsets to observe the transient effects of the near field interactions between two streamwise vortices. The vanes were separated in the streamwise direction, allowing the upstream vortex to impact on the downstream geometry. These vanes were evaluated at an angle of incidence of $8^{\circ }$ and a Reynolds number of 70 000, with rear vane angle reversed to create a co-rotating or counter-rotating vortex pair. The downstream vortex merged with the upstream in the co-rotating condition, driven by the suppression of one of the tip vortices of the downstream vane. At close proximity to the pressure side, the vane elongated the upstream vortex, resulting in it being the weakened and merging into the downstream vortex. This produced a transient production of bifurcated vortices in the wake region. The downstream vortex of the co-rotating pair experienced faster meandering growth, with position oscillations equalising between the vortices. The position oscillation was determined to be responsible for statistical variance in the merging location, with variation in vortex separation causing the vortices at a single plane to merge and separate in a time-dependent manner. In the counter-rotating condition position oscillations were found to be larger, with higher growth, but less uniform periodicity. It was found that the circulation transfer between the vortices was linked to the magnitude of their separation, with high separation fluctuations weakening the upstream vortex and strengthening the downstream vortex. In the case of upstream vortex impingement on the downstream vane, the upstream vortex was found to bifurcate, with a four vortex system being formed by interactions with the shear layer. This eventually resulted in a single dominant vortex, which did not magnify its oscillation amplitudes as it travelled downstream due to the destruction of the interacting vortices.
Emplacement mechanism of the Tafresh granitoids, central part of the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc, Iran: evidence from magnetic fabrics
Authors: Raeisi Davoud , Mirnejad Hassan , Sheibi Maryam 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGranitoid stocks crop out in the Ghahan and Sarbadan areas near Tafresh city, which is situated in the central part of the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc, Iran. The stocks, consisting of porphyritic and sub-granular diorite and granular granodiorite, intruded into Eocene volcano-sedimentary units. Normalized multi-element diagrams indicate that the analysed rocks are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements and depleted in high field strength elements. These geochemical features are typical of subduction-related calc-alkaline arc magmas. The stocks belong to the ferromagnetic and I-type granitoid series. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility provides information about the internal fabric of the granitoids. Susceptibility values range from 5.6 × 10−3 to more than 71.6 × 10−3, averaging 27.9 × 10−3 SI. Relatively low anisotropy values (P%) rarely exceed 10 %. Shape parameters (T) vary between −0.48 and +0.74, averaging + 0.2. Each stock is interpreted to contain a distinct feeder zone in which magnetic lineation plunges steeply (> 60°), suggesting that the magma ascended mainly in a NW–SE conduit and, to a lesser extent, in an E–W direction. Integration of magnetic fabric data, field observations and tectonic setting indicates that the shear zone that was developed between the Indes and Talkhab faults had created an opening into which the Ghahan and Sarbadan stocks were emplaced by way of creating a suitable tensional space for the ascent of magma.
First evidence of insect herbivory on Albian aquatic angiosperms of the NE Iberian Peninsula
Authors: EstÉvez-Gallardo Pablo , Sender Luis M. , Mayoral Eduardo , Diez José B. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTEvidence of herbivory on Laurasian Nymphaeaceae leaves from Lower Cretaceous (Upper Albian) deposits is presented for the first time. The types of damage on leaves consist of both hole feeding and margin feeding, which were found on foliar remains of the taxa Ploufolia cerciforme and Aquatifolia cf. fluitans. Within the first category of damage, the Damage Type 78 (DT78) type on Ploufolia leaves and type DT02 on Aquatifolia foliar lamina were recorded. The second category of damage has only been identified in Ploufolia leaves, and it corresponds to type DT12. The subsequent palaeoichnologic interpretation made it possible to compare these records with damage caused by the extant water lily pest to make a possible palaeoecological interpretation.