bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe Vulvar Myiasis Case In A Crossbreed Limousin Cow
Authors: Utami Anindya Sekar Putri , Ramadhany Shelly Kusumarini , Mukti Taufik , Yesica Reza , Haskito Ajeng Erika Prihastuti 
Published: November 2024

Background: Myiasis is caused by the infestation of Diptera fly larvae in vertebrate animals. In cases of myiasis, larvae will eat living or dead tissue, thereby expanding the infestation and infection of the host. Myiasis is a significant economic problem due to decreased productivity and tissue damage. Purpose: This study seeks to provide insights regarding managing and treating myiasis cases in cattle. Cases(s): The 4-year-old female Limousin cow was in the gestation period and kept in Buluagung Village, Pesanggaran, Banyuwangi. Based on the owner's statement, the cow experienced a decrease in appetite, and there were wounds in the vulva area accompanied by larvae, which had been present for five days. The clinical findings revealed an open wound that was red in color and soft in consistency, and there was an unpleasant odor in the vulva area. An infestation of Diptera fly larvae accompanied this. After the initial extraction of maggots, necrotic tissue, edema, friable tissue, and erythema were evident in the vulvar region and introitus. Case Management: Treatment carried out on the case cow involved cleaning the wound using 0.9% NaCl and removing both necrotic tissue and any larvae from the vulva wound using tweezers. The cow received an intramuscular injection of an analgesic and antipyretic (Sulprodon®) 7 mL, antihistamine (Prodryl®) 3 mL intramuscular injection, antibiotic (Limoxin-LA®) 10 mL, and multivitamin (Injectamin®) 7 mL. Conclusion: The vulvar myiasis in this cow was successfully cured with no more larvae found, and the wound dried out.
New Record: Study on Morphometric and Molecular Taxonomy of Vespidae Species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in Different Districts of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: M BALACHANDAR , MALAIYAPAN RAJA , RAJ R. AZHAGU 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Hymenoptera is one of the largest orders of insects. It consists many species of bees, wasps, hornets, sawflies, and ants. Wasps are important to natural and biological pest due to their predaceous parasitoid nature. Stinging behavior is one of the salient aspects of social hymenopterans. The mortality and morbidity from these bites reported in many districts of Tamil Nadu and around the world. The current study investigates the molecular phylogeny, histology of venom gland and kairomones profile of chosen Vespidae species from the northwest districts (1.Villupuram-Thadagam, 2.Nagapattinam - Mudhalaimedu, 3. Dharmapuri- Lourdhupuram and 4. Chennai – Kilpauk cemetery) of Tamil Nadu. The hornets nests were carefully observed in day time and collected at night time. The phylogenetic relationship analysis was carried out using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and PCR was performed to amplify COI fragment. The amplified COI regions (the range from 577 base pairs to 601 base pairs nucleotides in length) were sequenced, analysed and DNA barcoded. The four novel nucleotide sequences of COI gene were deposited into the GenBank database and obtained accession numbers for Vespa tropica haematodes (MN893829.1), Vespa affinis (MN 853754.1), Polistes olivaceus (MT133311.1), and Ropalidia marginata (MT178807.1). Multiple sequence alignment was performed using clustal W in MEGA 6.0. and Phylogenetic analysis, Maximum likelihood, and Neighbour joining tree was constructed. The results revealed that the V. tropica, and V. affinis are sister group and share a common ancestor and V. tropica, V. affinis were found to be more close relatives than P. olivaceous and R. marginata. This study provides more information on Vespa species for researchers, agriculturalists and others in the prevention of the casualties by Vespa bites and the annoyance inflicted on the people.
Unraveling Mutualistic Dynamics: Host Specificity and Gene Flow in Ficus deltoidea and Blastophaga sp. Fig Wasps
Authors: Hatta Siti Khairiyah Mohd , Sari Yahaya Indah Nilam , 'Aliyaa Nizam Nur , Badrina Mohammad Naser Nur , Noorfahana Mohd Idris Siti , Fatihah Abd Latip Nurul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Ficus deltoidea, commonly known as Mas Cotek, is a member of the Moraceae family and originates from Southeast Asia. With 13 documented varieties, it engages in obligate mutualism with the fig wasp (Agaonidae). This study delves into the mutualistic relationship between F. deltoidea and its pollinators, with a specific focus on Blastophaga sp. fig wasps found in F. deltoidea var. deltoidea, within the Ficus genus. The research explores the host specificity of Blastophaga sp. from var. deltoidea across seven different F. deltoidea varieties, aiming to illuminate potential gene flow among these varieties. The methodology entails a thorough examination of figs and interactions with fig wasps in pot-maintained trees, uncovering unexpected discoveries regarding pollinator preferences and entry frequencies. Findings reveal that Blastophaga sp. from var. deltoidea demonstrates a tendency for host sharing, not only accessing var. deltoidea but also var. angustifolia, var. trengganuensis, var. bilobata, var. kunstleri, and var. motleyana. These findings challenge traditional assumptions of strict host specificity and emphasize the intricate nature of mutualistic interactions within Ficus species. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of gene flow mediated by pollinators, emphasizing the necessity for further molecular characterization to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these interactions.
Predicting survival in bladder cancer with a novel apoptotic gene-related prognostic model
Authors: Song Ding-ming , Feng Kun , Luo Wen-fei , Lv Dong-shan , Zhou LI-po , He Yi-bo , Jin Yanyang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Apoptosis and apoptotic genes play a critical role in the carcinogenesis and progression of bladder cancer. However, there is no prognostic model established by apoptotic genes.
Methods
Messenger RNA(mRNA), Expression data, and related clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After extracting the apoptosis-related genes, the survival-related apoptosis genes were screened by univariate Cox regression analysis in the TCGA cohort. Following the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression method, these genes were modeled by multivariate Cox analysis. The predictive abilities of the Apoptosis-Related Gene Model༈ARGM)for overall survival (OS) rate, disease-specific survival (DSS) measures, and progression-free survival (PFS) were verified by the Kaplan-Meier(K-M)survival analysis and time-dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Functional enrichment analyses were performed by Gene Ontology༈GO༉and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG). CIBERSORT and Single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) were used to calculate the type of immune cell infiltration and immune functions. The model’s predictive ability for immunotherapy were evaluated using Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE༉and the Imvigor210 study.The single-cell sequencing was used to display the expression level of the ARGM.Finally,qRT-PCR was executed to validate the expression level of ARGM.
Results
Several apoptosis genes were identified through the model, including ANXA1, CASP6, CD2, F2, PDGFRB, SATB1, and TSPO. The prognostic value of the model for OS, DSS, and PFS were verified using the TCGA and GEO cohort. The model can predict patient response to immunotherapy treatment as established through the model’s score which was linked to different types of immune cell infiltration and identified significant differences in the signal pathways between high-risk and low-risk groups. Nomogram variables, prompted from ARGM and clinical parameters, also generate a high predictive value for patient survival.
Conclusion
Our first established apoptosis-related gene model(ARGM)has a substantial predictive value for prognosis and immunotherapy of bladder cancer. It may help with clinical consultation, clinical stratification, and treatment selection. The immune infiltration status and signal pathway of different risk groups also provide direction for further research.
The Clinical Value of Chest Computerized Tomography Following Minor Blunt Trauma
Authors: LAHAV Ziv , SHIMONOVICH Shachar , KANANI Fahim , HABERMAN Shira , EBRIL Sivan , HASHAVIA Eyal , SHOPEN Noaa , COHEN Neta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the NEXUS Chest CT ALL decision instrument (DI) in reducing unnecessary chest CT imaging in minor blunt trauma patients while preserving high sensitivity for detecting clinically meaningful injuries. Additionally, we examined the impact of delayed presentation, chronic disease, and anticoagulation/anti-aggregation medications on trauma outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective study included 853 adult minor blunt trauma patients who underwent chest CT in the emergency department (ED) of Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center between 2018 to 2022. Clinically meaningful outcomes were defined as trauma-related interventions or hospital admissions. The NEXUS Chest CT DI criteria, along with three additional criteria, were analyzed using logistic regression to identify independent predictors for the primary outcome. These predictors formed a modified DI, and its performance was compared to the original NEXUS DI.
Results: Among 853 patients (median age 44.5 years, 64.2% male), 230 (27.0%) had trauma-related chest CT findings, and 64 (7.5%) experienced clinically meaningful outcomes. Independent predictors included abnormal chest X-ray (aOR 6.5, p<0.001), chronic disease (aOR 5.2, p<0.001), sternal tenderness (aOR 4.7, p=0.007), rapid deceleration (aOR 3.7, p<0.001), and chest wall tenderness (aOR 3.1, p<0.001). The NEXUS DI achieved 92.1% sensitivity, reducing imaging by 41.3%, while the modified DI increased sensitivity to 98.4% with a 34.3% imaging reduction.
Conclusions: The NEXUS Chest CT ALL DI significantly reduces unnecessary imaging while maintaining high diagnostic precision. A modified version enhances sensitivity, refining decision-making in emergency care. Integrating such decision tools, particularly in cases of minor trauma, is highly recommended to optimize resource use and improve patient outcomes.
Prolactin deficiency drives diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction by inducing microglia-mediated synaptic loss
Authors: Jiang Jiaxuan , Zhang Pengzi , Yuan Yue , Xu Xiang , Wu Tianyu , Zhang Zhou , Wang Jin , Bi Yan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction seriously threatens patients’ quality of life, characterized by hippocampal synaptic loss as an early pathological feature. Synapses are dynamic structures and their formation and elimination are modulated by hormones. The pituitary, the master gland of the body, releases several hormones with multiple actions in hippocampal synaptic regulation. In this study, we aim to explore the relationship between pituitary hormones and cognitive decline in diabetes.
Methods A total of 744 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (445 men and 299 postmenopausal women) who completed serum pituitary hormone levels assessments, comprehensive cognitive evaluations and MRI scans were enrolled. Dynamic diet interventions were applied in both chow diet mice and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed diabetic mice. The cognitive performance and hippocampal pathology of prolactin (PRL) knockout mice, neuronal PRLR specific knockout mice and microglial PRLR specific knockout mice were assessed. Microglial PRLR specific knockout mice were fed HFD to model diabetes. Intracerebroventricular infusion of PRL recombinant protein or its vehicle was performed in diabetic mice.
Results The clinical study revealed that decreased PRL level was associated with cognitive impairment and hippocampal damage in T2DM patients. In diabetic mice, PRL diminished earlier than the occurrence of hippocampal synaptic loss and cognitive decline. PRL loss could directly cause cognitive dysfunction and decreased hippocampal synaptic density. Knockout of PRLR in microglia, rather than neurons, induced hippocampal synaptic loss and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the blockade of PRL/ PRLR signaling in microglia exacerbated the abnormal microglial phagocytosis of synapses, further aggravating hippocampal synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in diabetic mice. Moreover, infusion of PRL reduced the microglia-mediated synapse loss, alleviating cognitive impairment in diabetic mice.
Conclusion PRL is associated with cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal damage in T2DM patients. In diabetes, PRL diminishing drives hippocampal synaptic loss and cognitive impairment by enhancing microglia-mediated synapse engulfment. Restoration of PRL improves cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal synaptic loss in diabetic mice.
Individualized Training Based on the Force-Velocity Profile: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis examining the Effects on Motor Performance
Authors: Wolte Christofer , Gronwald Thomas , Schaffarczyk Marcelle , Wilke Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Exercise has numerous benefits for health, well-being and performance. However, due to factors such as genetics or training status, the individual response can be highly different. Force-velocity (FV) based training is a popular method to individualize exercise programs aiming to improve speed and power. This systematic review investigated the effects of FV based training on motor performance.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted by two independent examiners using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We included randomized controlled trials involving healthy adults and comparing individualized (FV) to non-individualized training programs with a minimal duration of four weeks. Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale, publication bias was checked by inspection of funnel plots. We used robust variance estimation to pool the effects of individualized vs. non-individualized training for sprint time, strength, and jump height.
Results
Searches returned 684 articles, and n = 10 papers were included. Study quality was good (5.3 ± 0.8 / 7 points on the PEDro scale) and no indication of publication bias was found. Meta-analysis did not reveal differences between FV based and non-individualized training for strength (SMD: -0.04, 95%CI: -0.34 to 0.26, p = 0.72, I2: 0%), sprint time (SMD: 0.28, 95%CI: -0.75 to 1.32, p = 0.49, I2: 69,7%), and jump height (SMD: 1.8, 95%CI: -0.57 to 4.2, p = 0.11, I2: 90.8%).
Conclusion
Although FV profiling represents a plausible approach to individualize speed and power training, our meta-analysis does not support its application for performance reasons at present. Future research should investigate more specific conditions and homogenous populations such as elite athletes.
Demonstration of entanglement distribution over 155 km metropolitan fiber using a silicon nanophotonic chip
Authors: Ling Alexander , Du Jinyi , Zhang Xingjian , Chen George , Gao Hongwei , Tan Dawn T. H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Transmitting an entangled state over an extended distance is crucial for the development of quantum networks. Previous demonstrations of transmitting entangled photons over long distance using satellites or fibers have use entangled photon pairs generated from bulk crystal arrangements. An alternative approach would be to generate photon pairs using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) chips. Despite numerous proof-of-concept studies, no long range distribution has been achieved using this platform because of the challenge of getting sufficient off-chip brightness. We report a SOI platform that provides an off-chip entangled photon pair brightness of between 8,000 to 460,000 pairs per second. This exceeds previous reports by three orders of magnitude in brightness. The entanglement fidelity is 99.85(6)% and 97.90(3)% respectively. Measuring one photon locally, and transmitting the other over 93 km of deployed fiber (link loss of 40 dB), achieves a count rate of 132 pairs per second with an entanglement fidelity of 93.3(3)%, after solving the additional challenges of chromatic dispersion. The source can be pumped harder to enable transmission of entangled photons over 155 km of deployed fiber (link loss of 66 dB) at a rate of 0.7 pairs per second, with an entanglement fidelity of 87.6(5)%. These results demonstrate that SOI nanophotonic chips can perform competitively with bulk crystal sources and represent an important step toward building quantum networks using integrated nanophotonic platforms.
Effective oral cytology deep learning classifier for annotation labels with diagnostic differences
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Misu Yusuke , Nakano Keisuke , Hara Takeshi , Ochiai Takanaga , Shimada Katsumitsu , Ito Shin , Inoue Yuta , Taki Yoshihiro , Nakai Fumi , Nakai Yasuhiro , Saika Masato , Murakami Satoshi , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Miyake Minoru , Nagayama Motohiko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Oral cytological diagnosis is challenging and often leads to differing diagnostic outcomes. Recently, diagnostic technologies for medical images using artificial intelligence (AI) have advanced significantly. However, these advancements typically apply to cases where AI training data are uniform, leaving the effectiveness of AI models with differing correct labels unclear. This study reports on the exploration of the most effective AI model for varying labels in oral cytology images, and evaluation of classification prediction impacts when less experienced physician models are incorporated. In this study, the deep learning model ResNet50 was used, and we constructed single (individual pathologist, majority voting, and probabilistic models) and multiple models (head-fusion and logit-fusion). We also assessed the impact of less-experienced physician models on AI diagnostic performance. Among the single models, the probabilistic model was the most stable, whereas the head-fusion model among multiple models achieved the highest classification accuracy. Additionally, the head-fusion model minimized the influence of the less-experienced physician models and the probabilistic model exhibited a statistically significant decline in performance. In AI diagnosis with various correct labels, the head-fusion model proved to be the most robust and effective, suggesting that applying appropriate weightings can enhance learning and improve diagnostic accuracy.
Millet Cropping Pattern Dynamics in Selected Areas of Karnataka: A Markov Chain Approach
Authors: A Manasa H , V Ashalatha K , Govanakoppa Nagappa B , J Megha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Millets, a diverse group of small-seeded grasses, have been a staple food for generations, particularly in regions prone to harsh climatic conditions. Often termed as “Nutri-Cereals”, millets are highly valued for their impressive nutritional profile. The year 2023 was regarded as “International Year of Millets”. They are particularly rich in essential micronutrients like iron, zinc, and calcium, making them a valuable source of nutrition for combating deficiencies, especially in developing regions. Additionally, their low glycemic index makes millets an excellent choice for individuals managing diabetes or looking to maintain stable blood sugar levels. Beyond their health benefits, millets are recognized for their ability to withstand drought and thrive in poor soil conditions, making them resilient crops well-suited to regions facing erratic rainfall and other climatic challenges. To analyze the changing trends in millet cultivation, secondary data were collected from the District Statistical Office, Dharwad and the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, from 2011-12 to 2020-21, focusing on several key districts in Karnataka, namely Chitradurga, Dharwad, and Raichur. The data revealed notable shifts in millet cultivation areas across these districts by transitional probability matrix of markov chain. In Chitradurga, there was a complete loss of millet cultivation over the observed period, with no retention of millet-growing areas. In contrast, the district of Dharwad managed to retain 36% of its millet cultivation area. Raichur exhibited the highest retention rate among the three districts, maintaining 65% of its millet-growing areas. These shifts underscore the varying trends in millet cultivation across Karnataka, influenced by factors such as changing agricultural practices, market demands, and environmental conditions.
High-entropy-doping effect in a rapid-charging lithium-ion anode Nb2O5
Authors: Xu Junling , Xie Fuqiang , Huang Lipeng , Li Nana , Peng Shang , Ma Wensheng , Zhang Kai , Wu Yanxue , Shao Lianyi , Shi Xiaoyan , Chen Jizhang , Tao Li , Zhang Kai , Zhang Zhonghua , Wang Yonggang , Sun Zhipeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Doping is an extremely important modification technique for materials, yet the success of doping depends on many factors, such as the similarity of ionic radii, the match between the doping substance and the host lattice, etc. For substances like silicon or perovskite, doping is relatively straightforward and facile to enhance the property of materials. However, for host lattice like Wadsley-Roth structured Nb2O5, an anode material for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries, doping without causing phase change is quite difficult. Nevertheless, we have discovered an emergent and rigid high-entropy-doping effect in this rapid-charging anode Nb2O5. Unlike traditional doping approaches, high-entropy-doping disregards the chemical functions of doping elements and focuses solely on their quantities. By high-entropizing the doping elements and keeping them within a certain range of doping concentrations, a successful high-entropy-doping is achieved for Nb2O5 without phase change. The obtained high-entropy-doped (HED) Nb2O5 exhibits superior rapid-charging performance compared to the intrinsic Nb2O5. The discovery of this high-entropy-doping effect holds promise for introducing more innovative phenomena in future material research.
Extensive data mining uncovers novel diversity among members of the rare biosphere within the Thermoplasmatota
Authors: Maeke Mara D. , Yin Xiuran , Wunder Lea C. , Vanni Chiara , Richter-Heitmann Tim , Miravet-Verde Samuel , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Sunagawa Shinichi , Fabian Jenny , Piontek Judith , Friedrich Michael W. , Hassenrück Christiane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Rare species, especially of the marine sedimentary biosphere, have long been overlooked owing to the complexity of sediment microbial communities, their sporadic temporal and patchy spatial abundance and challenges in cultivating environmental microorganisms. In this study we combined enrichments, targeted metagenomic sequencing and extensive data-mining to uncover uncultivated members of the archaeal rare biosphere in marine sediments.Results: In protein-amended enrichments we detected the ecologically and metabolically uncharacterized class EX4484-6 within the phylum Thermoplasmatota. By extensively screening more than 8000 metagenomic runs and 11,479 published genome assemblies we expanded the phylogeny of class EX4484-6 by three novel orders. All six identified families of this class show low abundance in environmental samples characteristic of rare biosphere members. Members of the EX4484-6 class were predicted to be involved in organic matter degradation in anoxic, carbon rich habitats. All EX4484-6 families contain high numbers of taxon-specific orthologous genes, highlighting their environmental adaptations and habitat specificity. Besides, members of this group exhibit the highest proportion of unknown genes within the entire phylum Thermoplasmatota suggesting a high degree of functional novelty in this class.Conclusions: In this study, we emphasize the necessity of targeted, data-integrative approaches to deepen our understanding of the rare biosphere and uncover the functions and metabolic potential hidden within these understudied taxa.