bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rare Complication of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Maxillary Atelectasis-Induced Spontaneous Enophthalmos
Authors: Wu Chin-Lung , Hsu Ming-Che , Liu Chia-Ming 
Published: August 2018

Background The first case report of spontaneous enophthalmos due to maxillary atelectasis as a late complication of FESS is presented. Methods Chart review of a 24-year-old male who developed a left progressive enophthalmos within three months post bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Results The preoperative computed tomography showed a normal left maxillary sinus. The postoperative computed tomography revealed a left maxillary atelectasis with a descending orbital floor. The subject received revised endoscopic sinus surgery and his enophthalmos was stable without further progression after the operation. Conclusions This may have been caused by an ostium occlusion with retention of secretions inducing sinus inflammation, osteolytic activity, and osseous remodeling of the sinus walls. A negative pressure may develop. When the pressure gradient exceeds the sinus wall tension, maxillary atelectasis and enophthalmos occur. Prevention of this complication of FESS should include making a patent naso-antral window, minimizing mucosal trauma, and careful postoperative sinoscopic treatment. A “functional” sinus is the goal.
Concordance of Middle Meatal Swab and Maxillary Sinus Aspirate in Acute and Chronic Sinusitis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dubin Marc G. , Ebert Charles S. , Coffey Charles S. , Melroy Christopher T. , Sonnenburg Robert E. , Senior Brent A. 
Published: August 2018

Background The medical management of acute and chronic sinusitis is a therapeutic challenge. The use of endoscopic middle meatal cultures as a noninvasive method to determine the bacteriology of the maxillary sinus has not accurately been established. The aim of this study was to review the literature that compares cultures obtained by endoscopic middle meatal swabs with those obtained from maxillary sinus aspirates (MSAs). Methods We reviewed studies published between January 1966 and October 2003 that were identified from searches of multiple databases, bibliographies, and original articles. Studies were included for analysis if they compared the results of endoscopic middle meatal cultures to aspirate cultures. All clinical variables and test performances were independently extracted by two reviewers. Results Middle meatal culture had a per isolate accuracy of 82% (95% confidence interval, 0.64, 0.92) compared with MSA (excluding coagulase negative staphylococcus and fungal cultures). Conclusion Endoscopic middle meatal cultures have a high concordance with MSAs.
Analysis of Possible Cross-Contamination with the Venturi System Atomizer
Authors: Scianna Joseph M. , Chow James M. , Hotaling Andrew 
Published: August 2018

Background The physics behind the Venturi atomizers suggest a possibility of bacterial colonization and the potential for patient cross-contamination. A protocol for use of the atomizer and clinically appropriate demonstration of cross contamination has not been established. Methods Three sterilized atomizers filled with a solution of 2% Pontocaine and 1% ephedrine (two test and one control) were used during a 5-day study period. Clinic staff was instructed to (1) use a nozzle tip, (2) use a nasal speculum, (3) avoid contact between the atomizer and the patient, and (4) apply a continuous, <1-second spray to the nasal cavity. Samples were obtained from each of the atomizers three times per day and plated on chocolate agar plates. The number and type of bacterial colony were registered. Results No respiratory pathogens grew from any of the 45 plated samples. Nine of 30 experimental atomizer samples produced 12 bacterial colonies. Of the 12 bacterial colonies obtained, 6 colonies of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 5 colonies of Corynebacterium sp., and 1 colony of Bacillus sp. were identified. One of 15 plated control atomizer samples produced two colonies of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. An average of 1.3 colonies per positive test plate and an average of 2.0 colonies per positive control plate were identified. There was no evidence of an increasing number of colonies per plate or persistence of any particular bacteria identified over time to suggest contamination or colonization of the system reservoir. Conclusion There is no risk of cross-contamination of patients with the use of the Venturi system atomizer as outlined in this study. Culture results from this study were consistent with random culture contamination during the plating and/or culturing period. There was no evidence to support the idea of bacterial colonization of the atomizers. Continued use of the Venturi system atomizer is an acceptable practice.
The Management of Rhinitis in Patients with Functional Epiphora: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: McNeill Emma J. , Kubba Haytham , Bearn Mike A. , Robson Andrew K. 
Published: August 2018

Background Nasolacrimal duct obstruction, secondary to inflammation of the nasal mucosa, can result in epiphora. This can be treated successfully with topical corticosteroids, avoiding the need for surgery. This study tests the hypothesis that treating clinically significant rhinitis improves the symptoms of epiphora. Methods A randomized controlled crossover trial (pilot study) was performed at the Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle. Patients were assessed in an epiphora clinic by a consultant ophthalmologist and were included in the trial if they had bilateral functional epiphora, i.e., the nasolacrimal duct was patent on syringing. Twenty-three patients were then referred to a consultant otolaryngologist, where the severity of rhinitis and epiphora were assessed using visual analogue scales, subjective scoring, and clinical assessment. The 11 patients suitable for the study were randomized into two groups. The treatment group received nasal corticosteroids and the control group received no treatment, both groups changing treatment arms at a specified point. Subjective and objective scores were assessed at the beginning, midpoint, and end of each treatment period. Results Seven of 11 patients showed an improvement in epiphora scores with topical therapy. Six patients documented a symptomatic improvement. Eight patients showed an improvement in symptoms and signs of rhinitis, with two patients continuing on nasal corticosteroids for nasal symptoms only. There was a statistically significant improvement in both epiphora symptom scores and clinical findings of rhinitis in patients treated with nasal steroids (p = 0.021 and 0.019, respectively). Conclusion Epiphora secondary to rhinitis can be treated successfully with intranasal steroids. Patients with epiphora should be asked about symptoms of rhinitis and should always have their nose examined for evidence of intranasal pathology.
Tensile Biomechanical Properties of Human Nasal Septal Cartilage
Authors: Richmon Jeremy D. , Sage August B. , Wong Van W. , Chen Albert C. , Pan Christine , Sah Robert L. , Watson Deborah 
Published: August 2018

Background The biomechanical properties of human septal cartilage have yet to be fully defined and thereby limits our ability to compare tissue-engineered constructs to native tissue. In this study, we analyzed the tensile properties of human nasal septal cartilage with respect to axis of tension, age group, and gender. Methods Fifty-five tensile tests were run on human septal specimens obtained from 28 patients. Samples obtained in the vertical and anterior–posterior (both above and within the maxillary crest) axes were subjected to equilibrium and dynamic tensile testing. Results The average values for strength, failure strain, equilibrium modulus and dynamic modulus were not found to be significantly different with respect to axis of tension testing, age group, or gender. Tensile results for septal cartilage were as follows: equilibrium modulus 3.01 ± 0.39 MPa, dynamic modulus 4.99 ± 0.49 MPa, strength 1.90 ± 0.24 MPa, and failure strain 0.35 ± 0.03 mm/mm. Conclusion We confirm that septal cartilage has weaker tensile properties compared to articular cartilage and found no difference in strength with respect to age, gender, or axis of tension (isotropic).
Altered Expression of Genes Associated with Innate Immunity and Inflammation in Recalcitrant Rhinosinusitis with Polyps
Authors: Lane Andrew P. , Truong-Tran Quynh Ai , Schleimer Robert P. 
Published: August 2018

Background The role of the innate immune system in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is poorly understood. In this study, we compared sinonasal expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), complement components, serum amyloid A, and inflammatory genes (chemokines and cytokines) in control subjects and patients undergoing sinus surgery for CRS. Methods Eleven control subjects and 30 subjects with CRS unresponsive to medical management were enrolled prospectively before undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Ethmoid mucosal specimens were obtained surgically and processed for RNA extraction. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantitate the level of expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for TLR, acute phase proteins, and cytokine genes. Subjects were followed for a minimum of 6 months postoperatively with nasal endoscopy to assess for recurrence of polyps. Results mRNA for all target genes was detected in the ethmoid mucosa of both control and CRS subjects. The level of gene expression was normalized to the housekeeping genes 18s RNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. As compared with controls, CRS was associated with significantly higher expression of TLR2 and the inflammatory genes macrophage-inflammatory protein a, RANTES, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Patients with early recurrence of polyps after surgery had significantly decreased expression of TLR2, 9, and serum amyloid A and increased expression of macrophage-inflammatory protein a compared with surgery-responsive patients. Conclusion This study shows the increased levels of expression of TLR2 and a variety of inflammatory genes in sinonasal mucosa of CRS patients compared with controls. Whether these differences play a role in pathogenesis or are merely manifestations of disease activity is worthy of investigation.
RGS10 shapes the hemostatic response to injury through its differential effects on intracellular signaling by platelet agonists
Authors: Ma Peisong , Gupta Shuchi , Sampietro Sara , DeHelian Daniel , Tutwiler Valerie , Tang Alan , Stalker Timothy J. , Brass Lawrence F. 
Published: August 2018

Key Points
Following vascular injury, RGS10 tunes the platelet signaling network to ensure the establishment of an effective hemostatic plug. It does this by limiting Gq- and Gi2-dependent signaling and by agonist-selective effects on responses to thrombin, ADP, and TxA2.
Clinical Significance of 4L Lymph Node Dissection in Left Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Ya-Nan , Yao Shuang , Wang Chang-Li , Li Mei-Shuang , Sun Lei-Na , Yan Qing-Na , Tang Shao-Wen , Zhang Zhen-Fa 
Published: August 2018

Purpose To investigate the prognostic impact of 4L lymph node (LN) dissection in left lung cancer and to analyze the relative risk factors for 4L LN metastasis. Patients and Methods We retrospectively collected data from 657 patients with primary left lung cancer who underwent surgical pulmonary resection from January 2005 to December 2009. One hundred thirty-nine patients underwent 4L LN dissection (4LD+ group); the other 518 patients did not receive 4L LN dissection (4LD− group). Propensity score weighting was applied to reduce the effects of observed confounding between the two groups. Study end points were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results The metastasis rate of station 4L was 20.9%, which was significantly higher than those of station 7 (14.0%; P = .048) and station 9 (9.8%; P < .001). Station 4L metastasis was associated with most other LN station metastases in univariate analysis, but only station 10 LN metastasis was an independent risk factor for 4L LN metastasis (odds ratio, 0.253; 95% CI, 0.109 to 0.588; P = .001) in multivariate logistic analysis. The 4LD+ group had a significantly better survival than the 4LD− group (5-year DFS, 54.8% v 42.7%; P = .0376; 5-year OS, 58.9% v 47.2%; P = .0200). After allowing potential confounders in multivariate survival analysis, dissection of 4L LN retained its independent favorable effect on DFS (hazard ratio, 1.502; 95% CI, 1.159 to 1.947; P = .002) and OS (hazard ratio, 1.585; 95% CI, 1.222 to 2.057; P = .001). Propensity score weighting further confirmed that the 4LD+ group had a more favorable DFS ( P = .0014) and OS ( P < .001) than the 4LD− group. Conclusion Station 4L LN involvement is not rare in left lung cancer, and dissection of the 4L LN station seems to be associated with a more favorable prognosis as compared with those who did not undergo this dissection.
Risk Assessment of Senile Cataract Incidence in a Cohort of Nuclear Workers of Mayak Production Association
Authors: Азизова Т. , Azizova T. , Брагин Е. , Bragin E. , Хамада Н. , Hamada N. , Банникова М. , Bannikova M. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: To estimate incidence risk for senile cataracts in a cohort of workers employed at nuclear production facility, that were occupationally exposed to radiation taking into account non-radiation risk factors.
Material and methods: Senile cataract incidence (cataracts) is studied in the cohort of Mayak PA workers first employed at one of the main facilities (reactors, radiochemical or plutonium production plants) during 1948–1982 (22,377 individuals). All members of the study cohort were occupationally exposed to gamma-rays or neutrons over a prolonged period. Absorbed doses from external and/or neutron exposure used in the study were provided by MWDS-2008. Relative risk (RR) and excess relative risk per unit dose (ERR/Gy) were estimated based on maximum likelihood using AMFIT module of EPICURE software.
Results: 4159 cataract diagnoses were verified in the study cohort of workers during 482217 person-years of follow-up. The majority of cataracts were diagnosed in cohort members included in the age group 61–70 years old in both males and females. The mean age at cataract diagnosis was 63.1 ± 0.2 years in males and 64.8 ± 0.2 years in females, respectively. RR of cataract incidence was statistically significant in all dose categories when compared to a reference category (0–0.25 Gy) and increased with increasing dose from external gamma-rays and was the highest in workers exposed to external gamma-rays at doses exceeding 2.0 Gy (1.61 95 % CI: 1,41–1,83). Significant linear association of cataracts with dose from external gamma-rays was observed with ERR/Gy = 0.28 (95 % CI: 0.20, 0.37). The risk estimate varied slightly with inclusion of additional adjustments for different non-radiation factors (smoking status and alcohol consumption, smoking index, hypertension, body mass index, severe myopia diagnosed). After adjusting for dose from neutrons ERR/Gy of external gamma-rays for cataracts increased considerably (0.31; 95 % CI: 0.22, 0.40). Significant ERR/Gy of external gamma-rays for senile cataract was revealed in both male and female workers of the study cohort, however the variations between the sexes were insignificant (p = 0.09). ERR/Gy of external gamma-rays for senile cataract was significant in all age groups except for workers under 40 years, but the differences among the age groups were insignificant (p > 0.5).
Conclusion: Risk of senile cataract incidence in the cohort of Mayak PA workers, occupationally exposed to radiation over prolonged periods, was significantly associated with dose from external gamma-rays.
IAEA Project TN-RER9142-1801516. Train the Trainers Course for Radiation Protection Officers of Medical and Industrial Facilities
Authors: Крылов А. , Krylov A. 
Published: August 2018

From 04 to 08 June 2018 in Dushanbe (Tajikistan) a regional IAEA course train the trainers for radiation protection officers of
medical and industrial facilities was held. The course was attended by 19 invited experts in radiology, radiation safety, metrologists,
medical physicists, representatives of regulatory authorities. The course was held in Russian and was, first of all, focused on the
post-Soviet space. However, representatives of Bulgaria, Serbia, Estonia, Lithuania also took part in the meeting. Reports of IAEA
specialists and invited experts were heard within 5 days. The purpose of the course is to provide the participants with theoretical
knowledge of the role, duties and competencies expected of a radiation protection officer for medical and industrial facilities, and tj
conduct practical exercises on the design and delivery of training programmes in order to enable them to train radiation protection
officers in their respective countries.
An Alternative Choice in Heighting
Authors: Omogunloye Olusola Gabriel , Yaqub M. O. , Ojegbile Babatunde Moses , Odumosu Joseph Olayemi , Ajayi O. G. 
Published: August 2018

Comparison of orthometric heights obtained from the combination of GPS/Levelling survey method with that obtained from Lidar, Srtm, and Astergdem data is an area of research which is of great interest to Geomaticians. This area of research makes possible the discovery of other suitable methods of determining orthometric height which can be selected for use depending on the region, extent and nature of the terrain where the project is to be executed.<p style="-qt-block-indent: 0; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px;">The X, Y, Z coordinates and the geoidal heights for all the existing controls within university of Lagos were determined using the GPS/ Levelling survey method, the required orthometric height (H) was then obtained as the differences between ellipsoidal and geoidal heights. Extracting orthometric heights for the X and Y coordinates of observed control points overlaid on each of Lidar, Srtm and Astergdem required the use of spatial analysis tool in an arc map environment. From the profile plot (Figure 3.5) of all the orthometric heights, the heights relationship was easy established. From the descriptive statistics test (Table 3.4), the one way ANOVAs test at 1% and 5% level of significance (Table 3.8), the number of points in other methods whose orthometric height is closed to that of Levelling/GPS method (Table 3.7) and correlation test on the various orthometric heights obtained (Table 3.5) it is obvious that all the applied methods operates at different spatial resolutions, of all the four methods, GPS/Levelling method was the most reliable and most accurate method followed by lidar method, then by astergdem method and Srtm has the least. In a nutshell, Orthometric heights generated by method of Lidar are very close to that generated by GPS/Levelling method at several stations, thus method of Lidar was considered as the most suitable alternative to GPS/Levelling method, whenever the use of later method cannot be easily accomplished.</p><p style="-qt-block-indent: 0; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px;"> </p>
APORTES AL CONOCIMIENTO DEL FITOPLANCTON DE LA LAGUNA DEL PARQUE UNZUÉ (GUALEGUAYCHÚ, ARGENTINA)
Authors: Gianello Diamela , Aguer Irene , Crettaz–Minaglia Melina Celeste 
Published: August 2018

La laguna del Parque Unzué se encuentra dentro de una importante área recreativa de la ciudad turística de Gualeguaychú (Entre Ríos, Argentina). El objetivo de este trabajo fue aportar conocimientos sobre la riqueza y composición del fitoplancton durante un período anual (2015–2016). Se realizaron 9 muestreos en 3 sitios de la laguna. Se identificaron 30 géneros, representantes de Bacillariophyceae (11), Chlorophyta (10), Euglenophyta (4), Cyanobacteria (4) y Dinophyceae (1). Los géneros Pediastrum, Scenedesmus, Phacus, Navicula, Gomphonema y Pinnularia estuvieron presentes durante todo el período de estudio, siendo géneros comunes en lagunas urbanas de la ecorregión pampeana según la literatura. Además, se detectó la presencia del género Ceratium reportado como invasor, así como cianobacterias potencialmente tóxicas, como Microcystis, Aphanocapsa y Merismopedia. Este es el primer estudio sistemático realizado en la laguna sobre la composición y riqueza fitoplanctónica que puede ser utilizado para acciones de manejo ambiental.
La conmemoración británica del centenario de la Primera Guerra Mundial
Authors: Spiers Edward M. 
Published: August 2018

Este artículo repasa las medidas y evolución de la planificación británica para conmemorar la Primera Guerra Mundial. En él se pone de relieve el hecho de que cualquier comentario sobre esta guerra en Gran Bretaña debe tener en cuenta las normas culturales predominantes. Estas normas han evolucionado a través de gran parte de la poesía, la literatura, el teatro o el cine del siglo pasado, y han pasado a representar la guerra como algo esencialmente vano, con una tremenda pérdida de vidas, que se conmemora mejor a través de los actos anuales de recuerdo por los caídos. Puesto que esta memoria nacional ha prestado escasa atención a tantos trabajos escritos a lo largo de la última generación repasando la historia militar, los historiadores militares se encontraban entre los más escépticos cuando el gobierno del Reino Unido anunció de modo tardío planes (y niveles irrisorios de financiación gubernamental) para conmemorar la Primera Guerra mundial. Sin embargo, la Heritage Lottery Fund ha completado el vacío en la financiación con 57 millones de libras esterlinas, permitiendo que todo tipo de proyectos florezcan, tanto de importancia nacional, regional o local. A 4-5 de agosto de 2014 se habían celebrado más de 2.330 acontecimientos incluyendo 519 exhibiciones y múltiples acontecimientos señalaron el estallido de la guerra. Las amapolas fueron de nuevo lo más destacado, en particular las 800.000 amapolas de cerámica en la Torre de Londres, una por cada militar caído.
Rusia, China, India y Asia Central
Authors: Blank Stephen 
Published: August 2018

La próxima entrada de India en la Organización de Cooperación de Shanghái puede ser importante para Delhi pero no puede deshacer el factor crítico de que China se está convirtiendo cada vez más en el actor extranjero más relevante en Asia Central y que Rusia está dependiendo de China hasta el punto de que su Ministerio de Defensa ha buscado formalmente una alianza con China en contra del terrorismo, «las revoluciones de colores» y los Estados Unidos. China está ganando en la competición por la influencia sobre Asia Central, India apenas es competitiva allí y Rusia está perdiendo terreno paulatinamente, principalmente debido a sus propios fracasos para acrecentar su capacidad económica-política, incluso antes de invadir Ucrania. Las consecuencias de esa jugada tan solo han acelerado el proceso de su creciente dependencia de China.