bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of astemizole in a large group practice
Authors: Craig Timothy J. , Greenwald Mark , Kauffmann Vanessa , Craig Jill 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Astemizole was released in 1988. In late 1992, a new warning label was added in response to reports of syncope and death from arrhythmia. Records of patients given new prescriptions for astemizole were reviewed to assess compliance with the warnings in a large multispecialty practice. The indication was appropriate in 89% of cases. Excessive doses were used in 4% of cases. Two percent of prescriptions were given to patients with contraindications. Only two complications were documented. Despite carrying a drug warning, astemizole continues to be used inappropriately and is a medicolegal concern. Education and drug evaluations can be used to enhance compliance and decrease the risk associated with the use of astemizole.
ERISA: Pillar of pension reform, roadblock to healthcare reform
Authors: Ross-Lee Barbara , Kiss Lois E. , Weiser Michael A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
With Republicans and Democrats agreeing to strategies that move the resources and responsibilities for healthcare reform to the states, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) presents even greater barriers than surfaced in federal planning. The single most formidable obstacle to state healthcare reforms, ERISA's preemption clause supersedes all state laws that ''relate to" employee benefit plans. The authors trace the history of pension legislation that led to the strong ERISA protections and explain the interpretations of the law which affect healthcare. They explain the history of the Hawaii plan's waiver; the continual refinement of the law through legislation; and the growing body of case law that interprets ERISA's application through the "relate to" requirement, the "savings" clause, and the "deemer" clause. Finally, they point out that the political solutions being acted out in Congress are leading to poor healthcare policy. Overriding or waiving ERISA would not lead to national health policy solutions and could endanger millions of workers' pension and benefit plans. Meanwhile, the only relief for states comes in slow and incremental steps through the court system.
Sweet's syndrome after splenic irradiation for chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Pertusi Raymond M. , Forman Mitchell D. , Brown Andrew C. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Sweet's syndrome is defined as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis. Characteristic features are fever; peripheral neutrophilia; and painful cutaneous nodules and plaques on the face, neck, trunk, and limbs. Biopsy specimens of these lesions show a mature neutrophilic infiltrate of the dermis. Vasculitis is absent. Sweet's syndrome is associated with malignancy in approximately 20% of reported cases. The pathogenesis is unknown. The authors describe Sweet's syndrome in a 39year-old man 5 weeks after splenic irradiation for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Treatment with parenteral corticosteroids resulted in dramatic improvement of the patient's condition. The authors discuss the diagnosis of Sweet's syndrome and the fact that it is thought to be cytokine-induced.
Analysis of malignancy detected by needle-localized breast biopsy
Authors: Hillhouse Renee A , Norvill Keith A. , Buchanan Sam W. , McFaul Robert B. , Stone David A. , Wilson Charles T. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The medical records of 192 women with nonpalpable mammographically detected breast lesions who underwent needle-localized breast biopsy between January 1989 and January 1991 and between March 1992 and March 1994 were reviewed. Of the 192 patients examined, 100 underwent biopsy for evaluation of microcalcifications suggestive of malignancy. Ninety-two biopsies were performed for nonspecific radiodensities not inclusive of microcalcifications. This study examines the radiographic characteristics of the nonpalpable breast lesion. Although presence of microcalcifications on mammograms are an important finding in detection of breast carcinoma, it must not be considered pathognomonic. Other distinguishing factors require evaluation to assess the indication for biopsy. Central to this study was the presence of micro calcifications alone or as detected in association with a dominant mass. Cancer was discriminated in 38 (20%) of the patients studied. Mammographic findings with micro calcification, regardless of the presence of a mass, were found to be malignant in 20% of patients undergoing biopsy. Nine percent of biopsies done to evaluate rnicrocalcifications alone were malignant. The finding of microcalcification associated with a dominant mass proved malignant in 34% of patients who had a biopsy done. The authors include guidelines for increasing the effectiveness of needle-localized biopsies of the breast.
Metaplastic breast carcinoma
Authors: Smith David M. , Rongaus Val A. , Wehmann Thomas W. , Agarwal P.J. , Classen Gary J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Metaplastic breast carcinoma, a rare entity, accounts for only about 0.02% of all breast carcinomas. It involves the transformation of mammary neoplasms into osteoid and chondroid substances. Because of the relatively small patient population and the limited number of controlled studies, there is confusion regarding its classification and staging. Its histogenesis is unknown. The authors describe a 65 year-old woman with findings consistent with metaplastic breast carcinoma. Theories as to etiology and prognosis as well as treatment are discussed.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ РУСЛООБРАЗУЮЩИХ НАНОСОВ В РЕКАХ С ЛЕДНИКОВЫМ ПИТАНИЕМ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ Р. АКТРУ, АЛТАЙ), "Геоморфология"
Authors: Тарбеева А.М. , Виноградова Н.Н. , Крыленко И.В. , Сурков В.В. 
Published: October 2018

Анализируется изменение состава руслоообразующих наносов реки Актру (Северо-Чуйский хребет), берущей начало из ледников, на протяжении первых 8 км ее течения. Ледники отступают, что притворит к удлинению речной сети и формированию новых русел. На 18 пробных площадках изучались гранулометрический состав и морфология обломков. Для р. Актру, также, как и для исследованных ранее авторами рек Прильбрусья (Кавказ), характерно деление на высотные зоны, с разными продолжительностью и условиями формирования русел и наносов. В приледниковой зоне формируются первичные русла с большими уклонами и порожисто-водопадным руслом, пассивно приспосабливающимся к неровностям моренного рельефа. Они выстланы крупным материалом плохо сортированным и почти неокатанным. Зона верхнего течения или активной экзогенной переработки характеризуется уменьшением уклонов, ступенчатостью продольного профиля. Увеличение мощности потока способствует активизации транспорта наносов и интенсивности их переработки. Наносы в речных руслах формируются, в основном, в результате переработки флювиогляциальных и аллювиально-селевых отложений. Уменьшается средний диаметр материала наносов, сильно увеличивается их окатанность. Для рек Алтая, по сравнению с реками Приэльбрусья, характерны меньшие уклоны, меньшее влияние селей, меньшая крупность наносов, а протяженность приледниковой зоны больше, что обусловлено особенностями климата, рельефа и геологического строения, присущими каждому из регионов.
Measuring working memory capacity with the letter–number sequencing task: Advantages of visual administration
Authors: Mielicki Marta K. , Koppel Rebecca H. , Valencia Gabriela , Wiley Jennifer 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWorking memory capacity plays a major role in many applied contexts, and it is important to be able to accurately measure this construct. The current studies tested whether the modality of administration of the letter–number sequencing task affects performance on the task. The letter–number sequencing task is a working memory capacity measure included as part of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐III and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐IV test batteries. The task involves hearing a series of letters and digits, and then reporting back the stimuli with the letters in alphabetical order and digits in ascending numerical order. The task is traditionally administered orally, but recent studies have administered versions of the tasks visually by displaying stimuli on a computer screen. Results suggest that performance differences on the letter–number sequencing task may arise as a function of language background and task administration modality.
Supercritical Fluid‐Assisted Porous Microspheres for Efficient Delivery of Insulin and Inhalation Therapy of Diabetes
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Fen , Kankala Ranjith Kumar , Tang Na , Xu Pei‐Yao , Hao Liu‐Zhi , Yang Da‐Yun , Wang Shi‐Bin , Zhang Yu Shrike , Chen Ai‐Zheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPulmonary delivery of drugs has attracted increasing attention in healthcare, as the lungs are an easily accessible site for noninvasive systemic delivery of drugs. Although pulmonary inhalation of porous microparticles has been shown to sustain drug delivery, there are limited reports on efficient delivery of insulin and inhalation therapy of diabetes based on supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) technology. Herein, this study reports the fabrication of insulin‐loaded poly‐l‐lactide porous microspheres (INS‐PLLA PMs) by using the SC‐CO2technology, and their use as an inhalation delivery system potentially for diabetes therapy. Biocompatibility and delivery efficiency of the PLLA PMs in the lungs are investigated. The PLLA PMs show negligible toxicity to lung‐derived cells, resulting in no significant reduction in cell viability, as well as levels of various inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α, compared with the negative control group. INS‐PLLA PMs are further efficiently deposited in the trachea and the bronchi of superior lobes of the lungs, which exhibit pronounced hypoglycemic activity in induced diabetic rats. Together, the results demonstrate that the INS‐PLLA PMs have a strong potential as an effective strategy for inhalation treatment of diabetes.
An Effective Dark–Vis–UV Ternary Biomimetic Switching Based on N3/Spiropyran‐Modified Nanochannels
Authors: Zhang Dan , Wang Qinqin , Fan Xia , Zhang Mingliang , Zhai Jin , Jiang Lei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany natural photomodulated nanochannels are investigated and are crucial for biological activity. Biomimetic nanochannels with a bistable conductance state under light stimulus are demonstrated. In this system, two molecules, cis‐bis‐(4,4′‐dicarboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine) dithiocyanato ruthenium(II) (N3) and spiropyran 1′‐(3‐carboxypropyl)‐3′,3′‐dimethyl‐6‐nitro‐spiro[2H‐1]benzopyran‐2,2′‐indoline (SP‐COOH), each with unique photoresponsive properties, are modified in alumina nanochannels. The two segments of the hourglass‐shaped alumina nanochannels are designated to graft a certain molecule. Under ultraviolet (UV) or visible light (vis) irradiation, electrons belonging to N3 are excited, resulting in negatively charged surfaces on the sides of nanochannels modified with N3 molecules. Only under UV stimulus, the conformation change of the SP‐COOH molecules leads to positively charged surfaces of nanochannels in the SP‐COOH occupied sides. Benefiting from the joint effect of N3 and SP‐COOH, low, medium, and high (i.e., “0,” “1,” and “2”) ternary levels of ion conductance are established under the dark–vis–UV alternate stimuli. The multistage current switching containing “0‐1‐2‐0” and “0‐1‐2‐1‐0” procedures is stable and robust. Additionally, the diode‐like ion transport behavior of the nanochannels could be exploited to support a multivalued logical gating with the management of light signals.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Denitrogenative ortho‐Arylation of Benzotriazinones with Organic Boronic Acids: an Efficient Route to Losartan and Irbesartan Drug Molecules
Authors: Thorat Vijaykumar H. , Upadhyay Nitinkumar Satyadev , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDenitrogenative ortho‐arylation, vinylation and methylation of 1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐4‐(3H)‐ones with organic boronic acids catalyzed by nickel complexes to give a wide range of o‐substituted benzamides were demonstrated. Further, the catalytic reaction is successfully applied to the synthesis of the popular hypertensive drugs losartan and irbesartan in high yields.magnified image
Bilayer–Ternary Polymer Solar Cells Fabricated Using Spontaneous Spreading on Water
Authors: Colberts Fallon J. M. , Wienk Martijn M. , Heuvel Ruurd , Li Weiwei , Le Corre Vincent M. , Koster L. Jan Anton , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new method is presented to fabricate bilayer organic solar cells via sequential deposition of bulk‐heterojunction layers obtained using spontaneous spreading of polymer–fullerene blends on a water surface. Using two layers of a small bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole polymer–fullerene blend, a small improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 4.9% to 5.1% is obtained compared to spin‐coated devices of similar thickness. Next, bilayer–ternary cells are fabricated by first spin coating a wide bandgap thiophene polymer–fullerene blend, followed by depositing a small bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole polymer–fullerene layer by transfer from a water surface. These novel bilayer–ternary devices feature a PCE of 5.9%, higher than that of the individual layers. Remarkable, external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) over 100% are measured for the wide bandgap layer under near‐infrared bias light illumination. Drift‐diffusion calculations confirm that near‐infrared bias illumination can result in a significant increase in EQE as a result of a change in the internal electric field in the device, but cannot yet account for the magnitude of the effect. The experimental results indicate that the high EQEs over 100% under bias illumination are related to a barrier for electron transport over the interface between the two blends.
Tuning Structural and Compositional Effects in Pd–Au Nanowires for Highly Selective and Active CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhu Shangqian , Wang Qi , Qin Xueping , Gu Meng , Tao Ran , Lee Brennan Peter , Zhang Lulu , Yao Yuze , Li Tiehuai , Shao Minhua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCO2 electrochemical reduction is a promising technology to control the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and store renewable energy. However, it is extremely challenging to selectively produce important chemicals such as CO with reasonable low overpotentials and high reaction rates. In this study, twisted Pd–Au nanowires with a unique core–shell and grain boundary‐rich structure are developed. Compared with Pd nanoparticles, the synthesized nanowires have a significantly improved CO selectivity. A maximum CO faradaic efficiency (FE) of 94.3% (at −0.6 V), and an extremely low overpotential of 90 mV for CO formation with an FE of 8.5% can be achieved on Pd0.8Au nanowires. The Pd0.8Au nanowires also show superior specific and mass activities especially at low overpotentials. The low overpotential and high selectivity for CO2‐to‐CO electrocatalytic conversion are achieved simultaneously for the first time on Pd‐based nanocatalysts. Combined in situ infrared spectroscopic studies with an attenuated total reflection configuration and density function theory calculations reveal that surface CO could be more facilely generated at much lower overpotentials on nanowires as compared with that on particles. Additionally, the Au atoms in Pd–Au nanowires promote the formation of linearly bonded CO, which is easier to desorb, resulting in a fast reaction rate.
Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2019 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification and management
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Disease Overview: Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are myeloproliferative neoplasms respectively characterized by erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis; other disease features include leukocytosis, splenomegaly, thrombosis, bleeding, microcirculatory symptoms, pruritus, and risk of leukemic or fibrotic transformation.
Diagnosis: Bone marrow morphology remains the cornerstone of diagnosis. In addition, the presence of JAK2 mutation is expected in PV while approximately 90% of patients with ET express mutually exclusive JAK2, CALR, or myeloproliferative leukemia mutations. In ET, it is most important to exclude the possibility of prefibrotic myelofibrosis.
Survival: Median survivals are 14 years for PV and 20 years for ET; the corresponding values for younger patients are 24 and 33 years. Certain mutations (mostly spliceosome) and abnormal karyotype might compromise survival in PV and ET. Life‐expectancy in ET is inferior to the control population. Driver mutations have not been shown to affect survival in ET. Risk of thrombosis is higher in JAK2‐mutated ET. Leukemic transformation rates at 10 years are estimated at <1% for ET and 3% for PV.
Thrombosis Risk: In PV, 2 risk categories are considered: high (age > 60 years or thrombosis history present) and low (absence of both risk factors); in ET, 4 risk categories are considered: very low (age ≤ 60 years, no thrombosis history, JAK2 wild‐type), low (same as very low but JAK2 mutation present), intermediate (age > 60 years, no thrombosis history, JAK2 wild‐type) and high (thrombosis history present or age > 60 years with JAK2 mutation).
Risk‐Adapted Therapy: The main goal of therapy in both PV and ET is to prevent thrombohemorrhagic complications. All patients with PV require phlebotomy to keep hematocrit below 45% and once‐ or twice‐daily aspirin (81 mg), in the absence of contraindications. Very low‐risk ET might not require therapy while aspirin therapy is advised for low‐risk disease. Cytoreductive therapy is recommended for high‐risk ET and PV but it is not mandatory for intermediate‐risk ET. First‐line drug of choice for cytoreductive therapy, in both ET and PV, is hydroxyurea and second‐line drugs of choice are interferon‐α and busulfan. We do not recommend treatment with ruxolutinib in PV, unless in the presence of severe and protracted pruritus or marked splenomegaly that is not responding to the aforementioned drugs.
Effects of mometasone furoate–impregnated biodegradable nasal dressing on endoscopic appearance in healing process following endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Zhao Ke‐Qing , Yu Yi‐Qun , Yu Hong‐Meng 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundPostoperative care is an important factor affecting the outcome of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study was to test the effect of mometasone furoate (MF)‐soaked biodegradable nasal dressings (BNDs) on endoscopic appearance in CRS patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) after ESS.MethodsThis study was a prospective, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study. A total of 64 CRSwNP patients with bilateral ESS were enrolled and randomly given 4 mL or 8 mL of MF‐soaked BNDs (NasoPore) in 1 nasal cavity and the same amount of normal saline‐soaked BNDs in the contralateral side. The BNDs were removed on the 7th or 14th postoperative day. Perioperative sinus endoscopy (POSE) and Lund‐Kennedy scores were collected, on the 7th or 14th postoperative days and at 1, 2, and 3 postoperative months.ResultsThe POSE and Lund‐Kennedy scores showed that in the 4‐mL, 1‐week group, no significant differences between the sides treated with MF‐soaked BNDs and the normal saline‐soaked control were observed at any postoperative visits. In the 4‐mL, 2‐week group, significant differences were found at the 2‐week and 1‐month postoperative visits but not at the 2‐month and 3‐month visits. In the 8‐mL, 1‐week group, significant differences were found at the 1‐week, 1‐month, and 2‐month postoperative visits but not at the 3‐month visit. In the 8‐mL, 2‐week group, significant differences were found at all postoperative visits.ConclusionThis study reveals that MF‐impregnated BNDs improve the endoscopic appearance in the healing process of CRSwNP after ESS.
Biomimetic Syntheses of (±)‐Isopalhinine A, (±)‐Palhinine A, and (±)‐Palhinine D
Authors: Chen Chih‐Ming , Shiao Hui‐Yi , Uang Biing‐Jiun , Hsieh Hsing‐Pang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe first total synthesis of isopalhinine A, as well as unified syntheses of palhinine A and palhinine D, were successfully accomplished by means of a biomimetic strategy that proceeds through a bioinspired 5/6/6/9 tetracyclic intermediate, which mimics the amino ketone form of palhinine D. An early‐stage direct SN2 cyclization to construct the nine‐membered azonane ring minimized the transannular strain that would otherwise be increased by the twisted nature of the isotwistane skeleton. Then, a diastereoselective Diels–Alder reaction of a masked ortho‐benzoquinone using the nine‐membered ring as a steric shielding group furnished a functionalized 6/6/9 tricyclic skeleton and established the desired stereochemistry at the C3, C7, C12, and C15 positions in one step. A thiol‐mediated acyl radical cyclization gave the bioinspired intermediate bearing three differentiated oxygen‐containing functional groups, from which all three total syntheses could be completed in either two or three additional steps.
Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and structural studies of new Schiff base ligand and its metal (II) complexes: In silico molecular docking analysis, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity
Authors: Vidya Rani Chandrasekhar , Kesavan Mookkandi Palsamy , Vinoth Kumar Gujuluva Gangatharan , Jeyaraj Moses Joshua Daniel , Rajesh Jegathalaprathaban , Rajagopal Gurusamy 
Published: October 2018

A new Schiff base ligand, namely 2‐((4‐(diethylamino)phenylimino)methyl)‐4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol (HL), and its derived metal (II) complexes [Cu (L)2] (1), [Co (L)2] (2) and [Zn (L)2] (3) have been synthesized and characterized using various physicochemical techniques. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies confirm the structure of newly synthesized HL and complex 2. Density functional theory analysis was used to investigate their electronic structures and properties. In silico docking analysis revealed that complex 1 has significant DNA binding ability (atomic contact energy of −1008.26 kcal mol−1) and complex 2 has a greater affinity with human serum albumin (binding energy of −901.61 kcal mol−1). Complex 2 reveals the highest antimicrobial activity against both fungi and bacteria, whereas complex 1 shows greater cytotoxicity (IC50 = 14.3 ±0.9 μg ml−1) to MCF‐7 cancer cells.
Synthesis and structure of arene ruthenium(II) complexes: One‐pot catalytic approach to synthesis of bioactive quinolines under mild conditions
Authors: Subramanian Muthumari , Sundar Saranya , Rengan Ramesh 
Published: October 2018

Efficient catalytic one‐step synthesis of substituted quinoline derivatives using newly synthesized Ru(II) half‐sandwich complexes of the type [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)Cl(L)] (L = pyrrole‐2‐aldehydehydrazones) under mild conditions is described. The synthesized complexes exhibit excellent catalytic activity towards the coupling of 2‐amino alcohol with functionalized ketones and secondary alcohols in the optimal conditions and afforded the corresponding quinoline derivatives. The synthetic pathway proceeds with high atom efficiency via a sequence of acceptorless dehydrogenation and condensation steps. The maximum isolated yield of the product obtained was up to 97% using 0.3 mol% of catalyst loading for 5 h. These findings significantly advance the scope of the synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds from readily available starting materials.