bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Shiga‐toxin producing Escherichia coli isolated from meat products sold in San Luis, Argentina
Authors: Salinas Ibáñez Ángel Gabriel , Lucero Estrada Cecilia , Favier Gabriela Isabel , Vega Alba Edith , Stagnitta Patricia Virginia , Mattar María Aída , Zolezzi Gisela , Carbonari Carolina , Miliwebsky Elizabeth , Cortiñas Teresa Inés , Escudero María Esther 
Published: August 2018

AbstractShiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in meat products was studied by four procedures which combined enrichment, immunomagnetic separation (IMS), plating, and a stx screening polymerase chain reaction. A total of 167 samples (57 ground beef, 58 fresh sausages, and 52 precooked sausages) were collected from retail markets in San Luis, Argentina. The number of stx‐positive samples represented 11.4% of the total (19/167) distributed as follows: seven for raw ground beef (12.3%), six for precooked sausages (11.5%), and six for fresh sausages (10.3%). The stx‐positive sample rate increased when IMS was included in detection protocols. The stx2 gene (16/19) was more frequently detected than stx1 (4/19). The eae, rfbEO157, and fliCh7 genes were also investigated in stx‐positive samples. Three non‐O157 STEC strains were isolated from one precooked sausage and one fresh sausage (1.2%, 2/167). Their potential pathogenicity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic diversity were determined. This study highlights meat products as possible vehicles for transmission of STEC in this Argentine region.Practical applicationsMeat products intended for human consumption can be vehicles for the transmission of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in this region. STEC strains isolated from sausages in this work represent a hazard for consumers. Further research to continue the STEC surveillance in meat products from this region in Argentina and to improve the STEC detection procedures in these foods and other possible transmission vehicles of this pathogen is required. Additionally, livestock control programs as well as good practices for slaughtering, processing, and manufacturing plants should be implemented to reduce STEC spreading in the food chain. Adequate cooking of ground beef and fresh and precooked sausages is recommended to consumers.
Opioid abuse/dependence among those hospitalized due to periapical abscess
Authors: Shroff Deepti , Nalliah Romesh P. , Allareddy Veerajalandhar , Chandrasekaran Sangeetha , Stein Kyle , Rampa Sankeerth , Allareddy Veerasathpurush 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimOpioid abuse/dependence (OAD) is an emerging public health crisis in the USA. The aim of the present study was to estimate the nationwide prevalence of OAD in those hospitalized due to periapical abscess in the USA.MethodsThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2012‐2014 was used. All patients who were hospitalized due to periapical abscess were selected for analysis. In this cohort, OAD was identified and used as the outcome variable. A mix of patient and geographic factors were used as independent variables. The simultaneous association between outcome and independent variables was examined by a multivariable logistic regression model. Clustering of outcomes within hospitals was adjusted. Odds of OAD were computed for all independent variables.ResultsDuring the study period, 30 040 patients were hospitalized due to periapical abscess; 1.5% of these had OAD. Those aged 18‐29 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.76‐7.72, P < 0.01) and 30‐44 years (OR = 3.19, 95% CI = 1.77‐5.76, P < 0.01) were associated with higher odds for OAD compared to those aged 45‐64 years. Blacks were associated with lower odds for OAD compared to whites (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.28‐0.95, P = 0.03). Those covered by Medicare (OR = 4.08, 95% CI = 1.458‐11.44, P = 0.01), Medicaid (OR = 5.86, 95% CI = 2.22‐15.47, P < 0.01), and those who were uninsured (OR = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.30‐10.45, P = 0.01) were associated with higher odds for OAD compared to those covered by private insurance. The odds of OAD increased with comorbid burden (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.50‐1.84, P < 0.01).ConclusionsHigh‐risk groups that are likely to have OAD were identified among those hospitalized due to periapical abscess.
Biological control of Pratylenchus brachyurus in soya bean crops
Authors: Dias‐Arieira Cláudia R. , de Araújo Fernando Godinho , Kaneko Lécio , Santiago Débora Cristina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to assess the activity of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Trichoderma harzianum fungi, either alone or in combination, and the use of a bioactivator to control Pratylenchus brachyurus in soya bean crops. Thus, two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, and two were conducted in naturally infested fields. Both fungi were efficient in controlling the nematode when they were applied alone, whereas the combination of the two did not improve nematode control. However, the addition of a bioactivator (moss) to the combination of fungi (P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + moss) generally promoted better control of the nematode in the greenhouse, with a reduction in the total abundance of the nematode ranging from 57.1% to 73.75%, and under field conditions, with a reduction ranging from 55.5% to 72.0%. The same treatment increased yield in both field experiments, but the treatment with T. harzianum promoted greater gains in productivity, varying from 11.79% to 20.85%.
Protecting protein against ruminal degradation could contribute to reduced methane production
Authors: Haro Andres N. , Carro Maria Dolores , de Evan Trinidad , González Javier 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRuminants have a low efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilization that has negative implications for animal production and the environment, but reducing the ruminal degradation of protein can help to reduce N losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of sunflower meal (SM) and sunflower seed (SS) protected against ruminal degradation in high‐cereal diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation and CH4 production. Samples of SS and SM were sprayed with a solution of malic acid 1 M (400 ml/kg sample) and dried at 150°C for 1 hr as a protective treatment. Four diets were formulated to contain either 13 (low) or 17 (high) g of crude protein (CP)/100 g dry matter (DM), and included SM and SS either untreated (13CON and 17CON diets) or treated as before described (13TR and 17TR diets). Diets were incubated in vitro with rumen fluid from sheep for 8 and 24 hr. The treatment did not affect (p ≥ 0.57) total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production at any incubation time, but it reduced (p < 0.05) NH3‐N concentrations by 19.2 and 12.5% at 8 and 24 hr respectively. Both CH4 production and CH4/VFA ratio were lower (p < 0.02) in TR than in CON diets at 8 hr, but differences disappeared (p > 0.05) at 24 hr. The treatment increased the molar proportion of propionate (p = 0.001) and reduced that of isovalerate (p = 0.03) at 8 hr compared with CON diets, but only a reduction of isovalerate proportion (p = 0.03) was detected at 24 hr. There were no treatment x crude protein level interactions (p > 0.05) in any parameter, but high‐protein diets had greater NH3‐N concentrations (p < 0.001) and lower VFA production (p < 0.001) than low‐protein diets at 24 hr. The treatment reduced protein degradation, and CH4 production was decreased by 4.6 and 10.8% for low‐ and high‐protein diets, respectively, at short incubation times without affecting VFA production, thus improving fermentation efficiency and decreasing polluting emissions.
It's a Total Way of Life? Catholic Priests, Women's Ordination, and Identity Work
Authors: Harvey Peter Francis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractResearch has shown Catholic priests to be polarized on a few issues, including women's ordination. Explanations have been offered for why priests are initially polarized—particularly the influence of ordination cohort—but not for how attitudes are maintained over time. Using 31 in‐depth interviews with Catholic priests in the United Kingdom, I find that priests are indeed polarized into groups I call “Total Identity Priests” and “Plural Identity Priests.” Taking the example of women's ordination, I show that these two groups of priests maintain their anti‐ or pro‐women's ordination attitudes (respectively) via patterned, everyday identity work, in which they mobilize available cultural schemata. I highlight four areas in which their identity work differs: explicit identity talk, narratives of calling, clericalism and titles, and clothing. This identity work serves to summarize, communicate, and reinforce their personal identities, which in turn reinforce their existing attitudes towards women's ordination.
Differential requirements for conserved peptidoglycan remodeling enzymes during Clostridioides difficile spore formation
Authors: Ribis John W. , Fimlaid Kelly A. , Shen Aimee 
Published: August 2018

SummarySpore formation is essential for the bacterial pathogen and obligate anaerobe, Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, to transmit disease. Completion of this process depends on the mother cell engulfing the developing forespore, but little is known about how engulfment occurs in C. difficile. In Bacillus subtilis, engulfment is mediated by a peptidoglycan degradation complex consisting of SpoIID, SpoIIP and SpoIIM, which are all individually required for spore formation. Using genetic analyses, we determined the functions of these engulfment‐related proteins along with the putative endopeptidase, SpoIIQ, during C. difficile sporulation. While SpoIID, SpoIIP and SpoIIQ were critical for engulfment, loss of SpoIIM minimally impacted C. difficile spore formation. Interestingly, a small percentage of ∆spoIID and ∆spoIIQ cells generated heat‐resistant spores through the actions of SpoIIQ and SpoIID, respectively. Loss of SpoIID and SpoIIQ also led to unique morphological phenotypes: asymmetric engulfment and forespore distortions, respectively. Catalytic mutant complementation analyses revealed that these phenotypes depend on the enzymatic activities of SpoIIP and SpoIID, respectively. Lastly, engulfment mutants mislocalized polymerized coat even though the basement layer coat proteins, SpoIVA and SipL, remained associated with the forespore. Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of several stages during infectious C. difficile spore assembly.
Testing Part of a DSGE Model by Indirect Inference
Authors: Minford Patrick , Wickens Michael , Xu Yongdeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe propose a way of testing a subset of equations of a DSGE model. The test draws on statistical inference for limited information models and the use of indirect inference to test DSGE models. Using the numerical small sample distribution of our test for two subsets of equations of the Smets–Wouters model we show that the test has accurate size and good power in small samples, and better power than using asymptotic distribution theory. In a test of the Smets–Wouters model on US Great Moderation data, we reject the specification of the wage‐price but not the expenditure sector. This points to the wage‐price sector as the source of overall model rejection.
Pharmacologic therapy to induce weight loss in women who have obesity/overweight with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang F.‐F. , Wu Y. , Zhu Y.‐H. , Ding T. , Batterham R. L. , Qu F. , Hardiman P. J. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundWomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are almost three times more likely to be obese than those without PCOS. However, we have no specific interventions to induce weight loss so far and rely on drugs used to treat other symptoms of the syndrome or obesity in the general population.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of metformin, inositol, liraglutide and orlistat to induce weight loss in women with PCOS and overweight/obesity.MethodsA search was conducted using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and CENTRAL databases. Individually randomized, parallel group trials that evaluated the effects of these pharmacological treatments among adults or adolescents with PCOS and overweight/obesity, compared with a placebo or metformin group, were considered eligible. Registration number: PROSPERO CRD 42017076625.ResultsTwenty‐three trials reporting on 941 women were included in the network meta‐analysis. The amount of weight lost differed significantly among the drugs (in descending order): liraglutide, orlistat and metformin. Liraglutide alone, liraglutide/metformin and metformin alone significantly reduced waist circumference, but no change was found with orlistat. Data for waist‐to‐hip ratio were only available for metformin, which had no significant effect.ConclusionLiraglutide appears superior to the other drugs in reducing weight and waist circumference.
DNA and mRNA vaccination against allergies
Authors: Scheiblhofer Sandra , Thalhamer Josef , Weiss Richard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAllergen‐specific immunotherapy, which is performed by subcutaneous injection or sublingual application of allergen extracts, represents an effective treatment against type I allergic diseases. However, due to the long duration and adverse reactions, only a minority of patients decides to undergo this treatment. Alternatively, early prophylactic intervention in young children has been proposed to stop the increase in patient numbers. Plasmid DNA and mRNA vaccines encoding allergens have been shown to induce T helper 1 as well as T regulatory responses, which modulate or counteract allergic T helper 2–biased reactions. With regard to prophylactic immunization, additional safety measurements are required. In contrast to crude extracts, genetic vaccines provide the allergen at high purity. Moreover, by targeting the encoded allergen to subcellular compartments for degradation, release of native allergen can be avoided. Due to inherent safety features, mRNA vaccines could be the candidates of choice for preventive allergy immunizations. The subtle priming of T helper 1 immunity induced by this vaccine type closely resembles responses of non‐allergic individuals and—by boosting via natural allergen exposure—could suffice for long‐term protection from type I allergy.
S100 calcium‐binding protein A12 as a diagnostic index for subclinical mastitis in cows
Authors: Zhong Kai , Zhang Cheng‐yu , Zha Guang‐ming , Wang Xin‐jian , Jiao Xian‐qin , Zhu He‐shui , Wang Yue‐ying 
Published: August 2018

ContentsDiagnosis of subclinical mastitis is very important in management of the dairy industry and improvement of dairy cow productivity. S100A12, that is found in related tissues of mammals, is considered as an index for diagnosing inflammatory reaction. To evaluate whether S100A12 is involved in subclinical mastitis, milk somatic cell mRNA from 276 dairy cows was used to detect the transcriptional level of S100A12 by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A predictive analysis for mastitis was performed, and the correlation between S100A12 and other subclinical mastitis indicators was also assessed. The transcriptional levels of S100A12 in the milk of cows with mastitis were significantly higher than those in the milk of healthy cows (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that S100A12 was positively associated with the somatic cell count and the sodium and chloride concentrations of milk. In contrast, a negative correlation was found between S100A12 and the potassium concentration and pH of milk. However, no significant correlation was detected between S100A12 and the other parameters, such as protein, lactose, ash, fat, density, Ca2+ and SNF. These results suggested that the S100A12 level in milk may serve as a diagnostic tool for subclinical mastitis in cows without obvious clinical signs.
Canine and feline cutaneous screw‐worm myiasis in Malaysia: clinical aspects in 76 cases
Authors: Han Hock Siew , Toh Peik Yean , Yoong Hock Binn , Loh Hooi Meng , Tan Lee Lee , Ng Yin Yin 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundCutaneous screw‐worm myiasis in companion animals either due to the New World screw‐worm, Cochliomyia hominivorax or the Old World screw‐worm, Chrysomya bezziana, has been reported particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Although treatment of screw‐worm myiasis in dogs has been described, few studies have been conducted regarding its clinical and epidemiological aspects in companion animals.ObjectivesTo describe clinical and epidemiological aspects of canine and feline screw‐worm myiasis.AnimalsNaturally infested dogs and cats, presented to five veterinary clinics in four Malaysian states from September 2017 to February 2018.Methods and materialsCutaneous screw‐worm myiasis was diagnosed based on clinical signs and visual examination of burrowing larvae within lesion. Age, breed, gender, anatomical site of infestation and suspected underlying predisposing causes were investigated.ResultsA total of 55 dogs and 21 cats were included in the study. Intact male mixed breed dogs (mean age 58 months) and intact male domestic short hair cats (mean age 24 months) with suspected fight‐related wounds were most commonly presented with exudative and ulcerative lesions associated with screw‐worm myiasis. The most common anatomical sites of infestation in the dogs were the external ear canals, followed by the perineum and medial canthus. For the cats, the most commonly affected areas were paws and tail. Five cats with screw‐worm myiasis were concurrently infected with sporotrichosis.Conclusion and clinical relevanceAggression between unneutered animals is a likely underlying cause for cutaneous screw‐worm myiasis in both cats and dogs. Sporotrichosis was also a potential predisposing cause for screw‐worm myiasis in cats.
Encuentros y desencuentros de saberes y experticias en el patrimonio cultural inmueble. Reflexiones del contexto colombiano
Authors: Rodríguez Echeverry Natalie 
Published: August 2018

El artículo surge a partir de una reflexión sobre la relación entre patrimonio cultural inmueble y comunidades locales, y se dirige a reflexionar otras formas de acercamiento en torno al patrimonio cultural material desde una perspectiva incluyente y participativa, que responda a las características y condiciones de las poblaciones locales y su territorio; meditación que gira en torno al caso específico del contexto colombiano. Así, este se centra en aquella concepción del patrimonio que alude a un discurso hegemónico, desde el cual se han identificado, impuesto e inducido desde “afuera” los bienes culturales inmuebles, lo que no siempre resulta de un ejercicio reflexivo ni se fundamenta en el diálogo con las comunidades, en lo concerniente al significado y lo que este representa localmente. Desde este discurso se plantea que el patrimonio termina por desligarse de las relaciones con los territorios de implantación de los bienes inmuebles, y esta descontextualización se evidencia en las prácticas asociadas a los bienes, las que terminan por generar un patrimonio no apropiado, interiorizado ni afianzado y, en muchos casos, deriva en su invisibilización, destrucción y desaparición.
El itinerario cultural del ferrocarril de Antioquia como escenario de creaciones y representaciones: una apuesta a su activación
Authors: Jaramillo Germán 
Published: August 2018

La idea del ferrocarril de Antioquia como sistema estructurante del territorio y en particular como categoría patrimonial de itinerario cultural, nos plantea una lectura que va más allá de un simple listado de bienes muebles e inmuebles de interés cultural dispersos en una geografía y que en las últimas décadas han estado sometidos a su abandono y obsolescencia, con cambios significativos en las dinámicas de asentamiento, intercambio multidimensional y permanencia de sus comunidades aledañas. Un nuevo escenario de creaciones y representaciones que se construye desde la memoria y los imaginarios sociales ha permitido revelar claves de identidad que, en la categoría de itinerario cultural, se constituyen, como lo plantea el Icomos (2008), en valores de conjunto compartidos, y por tanto, en potencial emergente de gestión para su puesta en valor como recurso patrimonial desde la perspectiva del desarrollo a escala humana. Este trabajo permite develar aquellas versiones de identidad que se han construido en los ámbitos local y cotidiano de las comunidades ferroviarias y que trascienden el discurso oficial, con lo que el espectro de valoración se amplía al escenario intangible de las apropiaciones y significaciones, en la construcción de nuevos relatos, y por ende, de nuevos caminos hacia la activación y gestión participativa del itinerario ferroviario.
La tecnología en la arquitectura El caso de la arquitectura neogranadina: estado de la cuestión
Authors: Carvajal Jaramillo Henry Hernán 
Published: August 2018

Partiendo de la premisa de que el verdadero patrimonio es el conocimiento que de este se pueda transmitir a las futuras generaciones, y con el fin de aportar al conocimiento de la tecnología arquitectónica en las edificaciones patrimoniales, se ha emprendido una investigación sobre este tema. En este artículo se presenta la primera fase de esta investigación en la que se realizó una revisión y análisis de 189 títulos, entre publicaciones e investigaciones sobre la arquitectura patrimonial colonial, más precisamente del periodo neogranadino en Colombia. Se demuestra el poco interés que este aspecto de la arquitectura ha generado y la visión que de este tienen los autores e investigadores. Se inicia con una relación del conocimiento difundido hasta la actualidad y se identifica el nivel de desarrollo en cada uno de los aspectos tecnológicos. A partir de lo anterior, se patentiza la urgencia que hoy tiene la investigación de la tecnología arquitectónica como medida para la intervención responsable del patrimonio y su conservación en caso de pérdida material de este.