bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High burden and seasonal variation of paediatric scabies and pyoderma prevalence in The Gambia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Armitage Edwin P. , Senghore Elina , Darboe Saffiatou , Barry Momodou , Camara Janko , Bah Sulayman , Marks Michael , Cerami Carla , Roca Anna , Antonio Martin , Turner Claire E. , de Silva Thushan I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundScabies is a WHO neglected tropical disease common in children in low-and middle-income countries. Excoriation of scabies lesions can lead to secondary pyoderma infection, most commonly byStaphyloccocus aureusandStreptococcus pyogenes(group A streptococcus, GAS), with the latter linked to acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) and potentially rheumatic heart disease (RHD). There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of these skin infections and their bacterial aetiology from Africa.Materials/methodsA cross-sectional study, conducted over a four-month period that included the dry and rainy season, was conducted to determine the prevalence of common skin infections in Sukuta, a peri-urban settlement in western Gambia, in children <5 years. Swabs from pyoderma lesions were cultured forS. aureusand GAS.ResultsOf 1441 children examined, 15.9% had scabies (95% CI 12.2-20.4), 17.4% had pyoderma (95% CI 10.4-27.7) and 9.7% had fungal infections (95% CI 6.6-14.0). Scabies were significantly associated with pyoderma (aOR 2.74, 95% CI 1.61-4.67). Of 250 pyoderma swabs, 80.8% were culture-positive forS. aureus, and 50.8% for GAS. Participants examined after the first rains were significantly more likely to have pyoderma than those examined before (aRR 2.42, 95% CI 1.38-4.23), whereas no difference in scabies prevalence was seen (aRR 1.08, 95% CI 0.70-1.67). Swab positivity was not affected by the season.ConclusionsHigh prevalence of scabies and pyoderma were observed. Pyoderma increased significantly during rainy season. Given the high prevalence of GAS pyoderma among children, further research on the association with RHD in West Africa is warranted.SummaryThis cross-sectional study of skin infections in The Gambia revealed prevalence of scabies, pyoderma and fungal infections in children <5 years of 15.9%, 17.4% and 9.7% respectively, with increased bacterial skin infections in the rainy season.
The representational space of observed actions
Authors: Tucciarelli Raffaele , Wurm Moritz F. , Baccolo Elisa , Lingnau Angelika 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCategorizing and understanding other people’s actions is a key human capability. Whereas there exists a growing literature regarding the organization of objects, the representational space underlying the organization of observed actions remain largely unexplored. Here we examined the organizing principles of a large set of actions and the corresponding neural representations. Using multiple-regression representational similarity analysis of fMRI data, in which we accounted for variability due to major action-related features (body parts, scenes, movements, objects), we found that the semantic dissimilarity structure was best captured by patterns of activation in the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) and the left posterior inferior parietal lobe (IPL). Together, our results demonstrate that the organization of observed actions in the LOTC and the IPL resembles the organizing principles used by participants to classify actions behaviorally, in line with the view that these regions are crucial for accessing the meaning of actions.
A fast and efficient colocalization algorithm for identifying shared genetic risk factors across multiple traits
Authors: Foley Christopher N , Staley James R , Breen Philip G , Sun Benjamin B , Kirk Paul D W , Burgess Stephen , Howson Joanna M M 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of genomic regions affecting complex diseases. The next challenge is to elucidate the causal genes and mechanisms involved. One approach is to use statistical colocalization to assess shared genetic aetiology across multiple related traits (e.g. molecular traits, metabolic pathways and complex diseases) to identify causal pathways, prioritize causal variants and evaluate pleiotropy. We propose HyPrColoc (Hypothesis Prioritisation in multi-trait Colocalization), an efficient deterministic Bayesian algorithm using GWAS summary statistics that can detect colocalization across vast numbers of traits simultaneously (e.g. 100 traits can be jointly analysed in around 1 second). We performed a genome-wide multi-trait colocalization analysis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and fourteen related traits. HyPrColoc identified 43 regions in which CHD colocalized with ≥1 trait, including 5 potentially new CHD loci. Across the 43 loci, we further integrated gene and protein expression quantitative trait loci to identify candidate causal genes.
Polygenic architecture of human neuroanatomical diversity
Authors: Biton Anne , Traut Nicolas , Poline Jean-Baptiste , Aribisala Benjamin S. , Bastin Mark E. , Bülow Robin , Cox Simon R. , Deary Ian J. , Fukunaga Masaki , Grabe Hans J. , Hagenaars Saskia , Hashimoto Ryota , Kikuchi Masataka , Muñoz Maniega Susana , Nauck Matthias , Royle Natalie A. , Teumer Alexander , Hernandez Maria Valdes , Völker Uwe , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Wittfeld Katharina , Yamamori Hidenaga ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Bourgeron Thomas , Toro Roberto 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe analysed the genomic architecture of neuroanatomical diversity using magnetic resonance imaging and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from >26,000 individuals from the UK Biobank project and 5 other projects that had previously participated in the ENIGMA consortium. Our results confirm the polygenic architecture of neuroanatomical diversity, with SNPs capturing from 40% to 54% of regional brain volume variance. Chromosomal length correlated with the amount of phenotypic variance captured, r∼0.64 on average, suggesting that at a global scale causal variants are homogeneously distributed across the genome. At a local scale, SNPs within genes (∼51%) captured ∼1.5 times more genetic variance than the rest; and SNPs with low minor allele frequency (MAF) captured less variance than the rest: the 40% of SNPs with MAF<5% captured <1/4th of the genetic variance. We also observed extensive pleiotropy across regions, with an average genetic correlation of rG∼0.45. Genetic correlations were similar to phenotypic and environmental correlations, however, genetic correlations were often larger than phenotypic correlations for the left/right volumes of the same region. The heritability of differences in left/right volumes was generally not statistically significant, suggesting an important influence of environmental causes in the variability of brain asymmetry. Our code is available at https://github.com/neuroanatomy/genomic-architecture.
Effect of Foraging and Nest Defense tradeoffs on the Reproductive Success of Wood Storks (Mycteria americana)
Authors: Bruant Alexis , Picardi Simona , Frederick Peter , Basille Mathieu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn many species of birds, parental care is provided by both parents to maximize offspring survival, and there may be important trade-offs between maximizing food gathering and nest protection during the nesting period. The role of parental care in determining reproductive success was investigated in Wood Storks (Mycteria americana), and specifically how the trade-off between frequency and duration of foraging trips, and nest protection has contributed to the nesting outcome. Parental behavior of 85 pairs of Wood Storks was monitored throughout the nesting season in two breeding colonies in Palm Beach County, Florida. Wood Storks have gradually increased the frequency, but not the duration, of foraging trips as chicks developed. The ratio of hatchlings to fledglings was positively associated with the frequency of foraging trips during late chick development. Intra-specific aggressions resulting in nest takeovers have affected 32 % of the nests under study. Occurrence of nest takeovers have been higher for later-breeding pairs, and was happened primarily in the first few weeks of incubation, but was not affected by the degree of joint nest attendance of both parents. These results establish a functional link between parental effort and reproductive outcome in Wood Storks, and highlight the importance of frequent foraging trips, but not nest attendance, by parents.
Collaborative learning methods and multimedia tools for the education and training of instructors
Authors: Armenteros Manuel , Benítez Anto J. , Fernández Marta , De la Vega Ricardo , Sillero-Quintana Manuel , Sánchez Cid Manuel 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the new collaborative learning methods and tools used by elite FIFA referee technical instructors, referees and assistant referees to master the Laws of the Game. These tools allow instructors to learn through practical exercises off the field of play, while they carry out activities in a participative context in which they can share and improve their knowledge regarding the Laws of the Game and consequently the interpretations and the considerations soccer referees throughout the world use to make decisions on the field of play.Design/methodology/approachIn this work, we assess a collaborative learning experience that took place during the annual FIFA FUTURO III courses that FIFA provided to FIFA referee technical instructors from its six confederations between 2013 and 2015, where 48 referee technical instructors selected from 211 national associations participated. These instructors constitute the elite of FIFA’s professional training and development chain. They teach other referee technical instructors who will then instruct international referees and assistant referees all over the world with the aim of achieving uniformity when applying the Laws of the Game.FindingsThe course participants showed a high degree of satisfaction with respect to these materials and methods, especially regarding the possibilities they offer for organizing group discussions and for “learning by doing,” and a lack of skills in ICT management has been detected for some participants, who have shown a willingness and interest to improve their skills in this field.Research limitations/implicationsThe training and education of soccer referees is one of the most heterogeneous training processes in the world. This complex task is even more difficult because of the growing demand for video technology in referee decision making where successful teamwork requires a high level of communication and agreement among its members.Practical implicationsWith 211 associations, FIFA is one of the largest organizations in the world. In international competitions such as the FIFA World Cup, the referees’ decisions are analyzed by media, thousands of fans and millions of viewers. Preparing new professionals for match analysis, interpretation of Laws of the Game and working in a team is a priority for FIFA and the world of soccer.Originality/valueIt is the first time that collaborative learning methods are used with interactive multimedia tools that facilitate collaborative work in the training environment of soccer referee instructors, international soccer referees and assistant referees. This paper establishes a basis and a reference for future research on the effectiveness of the new collaborative technologies used by FIFA for the training of international referees and assistant referees in general.
On the relationship between computer simulation training and the development of practical knowing in police education
Authors: Söderström Tor , Lindgren Carina , Neely Gregory 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the practical knowing that is central in police education. Drawing on perspectives about tacit knowledge and embodied learning (e.g. Merleau-Ponty, 1945/1997; Polanyi, 1966; Argyris and Schön, 1974) as well as empirical examples, this paper discusses the design of and what can be expected from computer simulation training for the development of police students’ professional knowing.

Design/methodology/approach
The discussion is based on lessons learned from working with two different computer simulation training situations designed to prepare the students for an upcoming practical training by facilitating the understanding of complex situations as they should be handled in the physical training situation.

Findings
The experiences from the training sessions showed that the different characteristics of the simulations mediate how the training session was performed, e.g., unplanned trial and error vs focused and attentive, but also group discussions about how to act and appropriate actions in relation to the situation to be solved in the simulation.

Originality/value
Based on the lessons learned from working with the two different computer simulations, it is posited that the use of computer simulations for practical scenario training is a complex endeavor that needs, in various degrees, to be supported by pedagogical steering. The design of computer simulation training (both the simulation and how the training is designed and performed) need to consider the specific aspects that surround tacit knowledge and embodied learning in the “real sense” (anchored to the practical training) to be of relevance for police students development of professional knowing.
A two-wheel load balance control strategy for an HVTL inspection robot based on second-order sliding-mode
Authors: He Zhihang , Wang Wei , Ruan Huaping , Yao Yanzhang , Li Xuelong , Zou Dehua , Yan Yu , Jia Shaochun 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Overhead high-voltage transmission line (HVTL) inspection robots are used to inspect the transmission lines and/or maintain the infrastructures of a power transmission grid. One of the most serious problems is that the load on the front wheel is much larger than that on the back one when the robot travels along a sloping earth wire. Thus, ongoing operation of the inspection robot mainly depends on the front wheel motor’s ability. This paper aims to extend continuous operation time of the HVTL inspection robots.

Design/methodology/approach
By introducing a traction force model, the authors have established a dynamic model of the robot with slip. The total load is evenly distributed to both wheels. According to the traction force model, the desired wheel slip is calculated to achieve the goal of load balance. A wheel slip controller was designed based on second-order sliding-mode control methodology.

Findings
This controller accomplishes the control objective, such that the actual wheel slip tracks the desired wheel slip. A simulation and experiment verify the feasibility of the load balance control system. These results indicate that the loads on both wheels are generally equal.

Originality/value
By balancing the loads on both wheels, the inspection robot can travel along the earth wire longer, improving its efficiency.
Knowledge stock and absorptive capacity of small firms: the moderating role of formalization
Authors: Chaudhary Sanjay 
Published: March 2019

PurposeDespite the established significance of absorptive capacity, there is a worrying lack of research that empirically examines its antecedents. With a call for investigation guided by the knowledge-based theory, the purpose of this paper is to bridge any probable gap by exploring the effect that an organization’s knowledge stock and its knowledge integrating mechanisms have on the development of its absorptive capacity.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of a survey administered to a sample comprising owners of small Indian automotive firms, this paper empirically examines the direct effect of an organization’s knowledge stock (including knowledge breadth and depth) and the moderating role of its structure-related mechanisms (e.g., formalization) on its potential and realized absorptive capacities. The study uses survey data from 226 small business owners and multiple linear regression analysis to examine the significance of its hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that knowledge stock has a statistically notable influence on a small firm’s absorptive capacity. The enabling role of formalization in the relationship between knowledge stock and absorptive capacity is also evident.Practical implicationsGiven the handicap of small firmsvis-à-vislarge firms to deploy internal R&D capabilities, business owners must ensure not to confuse absorptive capacity with the pre-existence of R&D capabilities.Originality/valueThe unbundling of knowledge stock into breadth and depth of knowledge enables business owners and researchers to understand how any particular knowledge stock can relate to an organization’s absorptive capacity.
Targeting the reduction of shipping emissions to air
Authors: Christodoulou Anastasia , Gonzalez-Aregall Marta , Linde Tobias , Vierth Inge , Cullinane Kevin 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify and classify the various initiatives developed and implemented across the globe for the abatement of maritime air emissions.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, an extensive survey of various sources was conducted, including the official reports of international and regional institutions, government policy documents, port authority websites, classification society pages, private firms’ sites and the academic literature. The initiatives were then categorized in accordance with the classification of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and analyzed using the SPSS Statistics software to give some insight into their frequencies and the interrelationships between them.

Findings
This exploratory review resulted in the establishment of a comprehensive global database of initiatives encouraged by the whole range of shipping stakeholders and decision-makers for the reduction of shipping air emissions. According to the findings, economic incentives that provide motivation for the adoption of less environmentally damaging practices are the most commonly used initiative, followed by infrastructure investments and informative policies.

Research limitations/implications
The results provide implications for further research that include an in-depth analysis of ports’ policies, as well as an evaluation of initiatives applied on a large scale to map their emissions reduction potential for shipping.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this paper is the identification and analysis of all the diverse initiatives implemented globally in a comprehensive way and its dealing with air pollution from shipping as a whole.
The coaching process seen from the daily (and controversial) perspective of experts and coaches
Authors: Sarsur Amyra Moyzes , Parente Cristina 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the coaching process as perceived by experts and coaches, addressing its routine aspects and areas that are object of dissent in the organizational field.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative research conducted through interviews with 20 experts and coaches who work in Portugal.

Findings
Lack of consensus on conceptual approaches, few demands from organizations for concrete results, and elitism due to its selective use for high-level professionals. There is an expectation of companies that adopt a “coaching culture,” which includes participative actions, dialogue and humanization of relationships. There are benefits for organizations and professionals that result from its application, which raises care in considering it just another management fad.

Originality/value
Professionals and organizations are increasingly adopting coaching processes, but there are few academic studies, with a scientific view, and more rarely from the perspective of practitioners (coaches). Hence, this topic lacks a more accurate approach, to better understand its application and extend the debate on controversial aspects, in order to make the discussion on its value more consistent.
Improving storytelling and vocabulary in secondary school students with language disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Joffe Victoria L. , Rixon Lorna , Hulme Charles 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough language and communication difficulties are common in secondary school students, there has been limited research into the efficacy of interventions for adolescents with language and communication difficulties.AimsTo investigate the efficacy of teaching assistant (TA)‐delivered narrative and vocabulary interventions to mainstream secondary school‐aged students with language disorder.Methods & ProceduresA randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a language and communication intervention was used to evaluate the efficacy of vocabulary and narrative interventions to improve the vocabulary and narrative performance of adolescents (mean age = 12.8 years) with language disorder. The language and communication programmes (narrative, vocabulary and combined narrative and vocabulary) were delivered by TAs in the classroom, three times per week, for 45–60 min each, over 6 weeks, totalling 18 sessions. Standardized and intervention‐specific measures were used as outcomes.Outcomes & ResultsTwenty‐one schools with 358 eligible participants were recruited. The three intervention groups showed significant improvements (d = .296) on a narrative latent variable defined by a standardized narrative assessment (the Expression, Reception and Recall of Narrative Instrument—ERRNI), but there were no significant improvements on an overall vocabulary latent variable compared with the waiting control group. Differential effects were found on some non‐standardized intervention‐specific measures with the narrative group making significantly more progress on narrative tasks compared with the waiting control group, the vocabulary group showing the same pattern on specific vocabulary tasks, and the combined narrative and vocabulary group making significantly more progress on some of the intervention‐specific narrative, and all the intervention‐specific vocabulary outcomes compared with the waiting control group.Conclusions & ImplicationsIt is possible to improve narrative but not vocabulary skills, as assessed by standardized measures, in secondary school students with a relatively brief group TA‐delivered intervention. There were differential effects for both narrative and vocabulary with intervention‐specific measures. Future work is required to explore whether more intensive and longer lasting interventions would be more effective and to identify which students in this age group are most likely to benefit from such interventions.