bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work group diversity dynamics: a novel approach to diversity research
Authors: Karolidis Dimitrios , Vouzas Fotis 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of work group diversity dynamics as a novel approach for studying diverse work groups. The authors profile the dynamic processes within diverse work-groups and provide an overview of main objectives.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on years of accumulated diversity research to cast a temporal and dynamic lens on the processes taking place within diverse work groups. After outlining the state of the art in work group diversity research, the definition, overall framework and profile of work group diversity dynamics is offered.FindingsThe paper argues that by adopting a temporal and dynamic perspective for studying diverse work groups, one can shift focus from the traditional perspective of “what is diversity” to “what happens within diverse work groups”. The paper disentangles the activities taking place within diverse work groups, defines the actual team processes and finally highlights how these processes might be affected by time and dynamism.Originality/valueAfter almost 30 years of diversity research the mechanisms and processes through which diversity is translated into individual and organizational outcomes are not yet sufficiently understood and studied. This paper highlights a temporal and dynamic perspective for studying work group diversity, a view that is yet uncharted in diversity literature.
Teaming: Are two communication modes better than one?
Authors: Parlamis Jennifer , Dibble Rebekah 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Applying media synchronicity theory (MST) as a theoretical foundation, this paper aims to examine whether teams using multiple communication modes perform better on a complex intra-team task than those using a single mode.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors adopted a mixed-methods explanatory design. Data were collected from 44 teams directly following participation in the Everest Leadership and Team Simulation. Teams were assigned a specific mode of communication: virtual (text-chat only), face-to-face (FTF) or dual (FTF and chat).

Findings
No significant differences in team goals achieved were found when comparing dual modes to single modes, counter to predictions based on MST. Qualitative data indicated that FTF communication is dominant and might lead to “medium inertia” when multiple modes are available. FTF teams reported higher perceptions of team effectiveness than text-chat-only teams.

Research limitations/implications
This study was conducted on a small number of teams in an artificial environment; therefore, generalizability is limited. Future research should consider other measures of team performance and test teams in a virtual setting where distance, as well as time, are factors.

Practical implications
FTF communication tends to be dominant to a point where virtual options are ignored, suggesting that greater awareness around communication processes required for complex tasks, and ways to appropriate different media for conveyance or convergence, is key to team performance.

Originality/value
This study highlights the importance of determining processes by which teams shift between media to maximize conveyance and convergence processes. Additionally, distinguishing between objective performance and perceptions of performance highlight an additional challenge for teams that can be explored.
Comparison of the results of two chest tube managements during an enhanced recovery program after video‐assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: A randomized trial
Authors: Cui Zihan , Zhang Yuejuan , Xu Chun , Ding Cheng , Chen Jun , Li Chang , Zhao Jun 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThis study compared the results of the application of two different chest tube management systems; a drainage ball with low negative pressure and the more commonly used chest tube with water‐sealed bottle, after video‐assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy.MethodsA total of 60 patients undergoing lobectomy were enrolled into this prospective open label randomized clinical trial and equally divided into two groups. The data collected in the trial included age, gender, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), blood loss, operation time, drainage volume, drainage time, length of stay, postoperative pain score according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) within 24 hours after surgery and chest tube removal. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03598296).ResultsThe characteristics of the patients were similar in both groups. Group ball patients had a lower pain score (after operation: 3.47 ± 1.80 vs. 6.20 ± 1.56, P < 0.001; after removal of chest tube: 1.47 ± 1.28 vs. 3.00 ± 1.29, P < 0.001); less analgesic used (2.83 ± 2.09 times vs. 5.00 ± 3.24 times, P = 0.003); less drainage time (upper tube: 3.89 ± 1.63 days vs. 5.10 ± 2.02 days, P = 0.048; lower tube: upper lobe 4.84 ± 1.61 days vs. 5.90 ± 1.52 days, P = 0.041; lower lobe: 3.82 ± 1.08 days vs. 5.70 ± 2.63 days, P = 0.042) and shorter length of stay (5.40 ± 1.65 days vs. 6.37 ± 1.99 days, P = 0.045). All other related parameters were similar in both groups.ConclusionsFor patients undergoing lobectomy, using a drainage ball with negative pressure could reduce hospitalization days and postoperative pain compared with the more commonly used chest tube with water‐sealed bottle when a strict postoperative curative procedure was performed.
A Mixed Methods Cross‐Cultural Study to Compare Youth Drinking Cultures in Italy and the USA
Authors: Aresi Giovanni , Cleveland Michael J. , Vieno Alessio , Beccaria Franca , Turrisi Robert , Marta Elena 
Published: September 2019

AimsTo compare the drinking cultures of youth in the USA and in Italy.MethodSequential explanatory mixed method design. Phase 1: Multigroup latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of drinkers from samples of 424 (61.3% female) Italian and 323 American college students (57.3% female). Phase 2: Focus group interviews with 41 Italian and 47 American youth were used to collect narratives on features of the two drinking cultures.ResultsFour partially invariant subgroups of drinkers were found. Most participants (>75%) in both countries concentrated drinking during weekends. Overall, US drinkers displayed greater probabilities to report risky drinking behaviors and experience negative consequences as compared to comparable subgroups of Italian drinkers. Discrepancies in terms of socialisation processes during childhood (i.e. permissiveness) and underlying cultural assumptions with regard to alcohol consumption (i.e. purposes of alcohol use) may explain differences in how alcohol is used in the two countries.ConclusionsFindings suggest that there are crucial differences in societal schema of beliefs, informal social norms, practices, and values attached to alcoholic beverages across the USA and Italy. These results demonstrate the need for culturally tailored alcohol preventive interventions and clinical practice targeted to young people that capitalise on such differences.
Classical swine fever in Victorian domestic pigs: evidence of disease freedom
Authors: Hunnam JC , Moore KM , Daniel P , Stevenson MA , Salmon SE 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveAustralia is currently regarded as free of classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contagious disease of pigs caused by a pestivirus. This study aimed to provide additional evidence that the Victorian domestic pig population is free of CSF.DesignA structured representative sero‐prevalence survey of Victorian domestic pigs at slaughter.MethodThree‐hundred and ninety‐one pigs from 23 holdings were sampled at the time of slaughter between March 2016 and October 2017.ResultsAll samples were negative for CSF virus Ab on ELISA. Because of uncertainty in the sensitivity of the CSF Ab ELISA, estimates of the true prevalence of CSF were calculated using Bayesian methods. The median and upper bound of the 95% credible intervals for the true prevalence of CSF was zero when the diagnostic sensitivity of the CSF Ab ELISA was assumed to range from 0.75 to 0.95.ConclusionThese results provide evidence that the population of domestic pigs in Victoria in 2016‐2017 was free of CSF.
Intergenerational healthcare inequities in developing countries
Authors: Kottow Miguel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConcern about the rapid ageing of all societies reaches alarming proportions as healthcare inequities are steeply rising, prompting the elderly to live longer but subject to insufficient social protection and healthcare in the wake of dwindling public resources. The aged population of developing nations are facing additional hardships due to the growing gap between needs and the financial reductions of public institutions, retirement funds, and the trend towards privatization of essential services turned into commodities. Current approaches to allocation of insufficient resources without ageist discrimination are briefly discussed: individual self‐care aimed at successful, active and healthy ageing based on resourcefulness of the privileged elderly; utilitarian approaches founded on QALY and fair innings, and human rights focused on the plights of the elderly. These approaches cannot apply to resources poor nations, who need to engage in context‐bound bioethics dealing with the realities of their exposed ageing population. A developing world bioethics is needed to face the plights of the elderly in countries with low and middle‐income and insufficient social capital. Suggested are: 1) a phenomenological approach based on the interaction of bioethics and ethnology, furthering grass‐roots input from the elderly; 2) Create small communities –campus‐like boroughs– to simplify accessibility to social services and healthcare facilities, as an alternative to the high‐cost WHO proposal of age‐friendly large cities.
Twenty‐five years of studying new public management in public administration: Accomplishments and limitations
Authors: Funck Elin K. , Karlsson Tom S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn 1991, Christopher Hood made a substantial contribution to public administration research when he formulated the concept of new public management (NPM). His article can in many ways be understood as an enabler of research focused on public sector reforms. To this day, numerous articles and books have been published, discussing the concept itself and the empirical phenomenon. In celebration of the 25‐year period since the concept of NPM was introduced, this article revisits the current knowledge through a systematic literature review of 299 articles published between 1991 and 2016. This approach enables a meta‐analysis of research published in five top‐ranked international public administration journals. We identify four important themes as emerging from our review: (a) a reform with a vague intention, (b) the limping concept, (c) the one‐sided perspective, and (d) NPM as the new norm. An important effect of this is that Hood's framework may have been curtailed, leading to a distorted knowledge base when it comes to future studies.
Association between post‐discharge secondary care and risk of repeated hospital presentation, entry into long‐term care and mortality in older people after acute hospitalization
Authors: Wu Zhenqiang , Kim Min Soo , Broad Joanna B , Zhang Xian , Bloomfield Katherine , Connolly Martin J 
Published: September 2019

AimHospitalizations are frequent among acutely ill older people, and might be reduced by post‐discharge secondary care (PDSC). We aimed to determine the proportion of older patients planned to receive or attending PDSC after acute hospitalization and the association with undesirable outcomes.MethodsA retrospective observational study was carried out using an electronic health record system in two hospitals in New Zealand. Patients were aged ≥75 years, initially presented at an emergency department (ED) and were discharged from medical, surgical, geriatrics or orthopedics wards in three 2‐week periods. Planned PDSC at discharge, attended PDSC, ED presentation, long‐term care (LTC) admission and death in 90 days after discharge were obtained through the health record system. Proportional hazards regression assessed the associations of planned or attended PDSC with undesirable outcomes (ED presentation, LTC admission and death) within 90 days of discharge.ResultsClinical records for 1085 patients were extracted, 963 were eligible. Of these, 413 (42.9%) had planned PDSC in discharge summaries, and 573 (59.5%) actually attended in 90 days. Patients planned for PDSC had a similarly adjusted hazard of ED presentation (HR 0.99, P = 0.92), LTC admission (HR 0.73, P = 0.25) and death (HR 0.80, P = 0.34) within 90 days of discharge, compared with those not planned. Similar non‐significant associations were observed between attended PDSC and undesirable outcomes.ConclusionsIn patients aged ≥75 years in New Zealand, we did not find “planned PDSC” at discharge or “attended PDSC” after an acute hospitalization to be associated with ED presentation, LTC admission and death within 90 days after discharge. Other potential benefits of planned or attended PDSC require further investigation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1048–1053.
Police–public relations in colonial India
Authors: Singh Gagan Preet 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe police–public relations in colonial India were characterized by incivility, harshness, and violence towards the public, especially the marginalized sections of the society. In turn, the police functioning suffered from public distrust and apathy. How did historians explain this unsatisfactory nature of the police–public relations? This article is a study of the historiography of policing since the 1980s to understand how this problem has been understood. It emerges that since the 1980s, the dominant paradigm in the historiography has used a variety of social concepts such as “the propertied classes,” “the urban poor,” and “the neighbourhood networks” to explain the nature of the relationship between the police and the policed. This dominant paradigm has laid emphasis on material backgrounds and has largely ignored the importance of cultural background of the police and the policed. However, another strand in the historiography, revolving around the question of the police torture, has suggested that the cultural background of the police and especially the policed also played a crucial role in determining whose body could be tortured. It is hoped that in the future, scholars will shift away from narrow material explanation to an approach that will also consider the sociocultural background of the police and the policed.
Gender, colonial past, national identity, and mestizaje in Chile: The many faces of “La Quintrala”
Authors: Marsilli María N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEver since its creation by nineteenth‐century liberal historian Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, the figure of La Quintrala, the mythical and wealthy mestiza serial killer of colonial Chile, has gained a major place in Chilean national identity. Although the original character is based upon sketchy documentation, the fascination it has inspired is rooted on several transgressions that define its monstrous nature. Twentieth‐century literary renditions of the story added complexity to the icon. Over time, La Quintrala has become a fluid, polysemic icon Chileans use to express a wide range of social anxieties including coloniality, gender, female sexuality, race, race miscegenation (mestizaje), women's roles, and, lastly, an urgent need for political reconciliation.
Optimizing payments based on efficiency, quality, complexity, and heterogeneity: the case of hospital funding
Authors: Ferreira Diogo C. , Nunes Alexandre M. , Marques Rui C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn several countries around the world, public hospitals are paid for by the health care services they provide to the population. Different funding systems are available, such as the Beveridge Model. Furthermore, payments can be either prospective, retrospective, or even a merging of both. Payments are usually nonoptimal in the Pareto sense and disregard the quality of delivered services as well as the environment (either internal or external) in which hospitals operate. This gap may introduce inefficiencies and inequities in the health care system, which currently faces scenarios of reduction/scarcity of resources. Furthermore, there are problems related to overpaying and misallocation of resources. Hence, payments should be optimized to guarantee an efficient allocation of resources to the health care systems. This study proposes a new best practice based tool, applying it to the Portuguese National Health Service. Considerable cost savings may emerge for inefficient hospitals if the model is successfully employed.
Effectiveness of hyaluronic acid gel (Jalosome soothing gel) for the treatment of radiodermatitis in a patient receiving head and neck radiotherapy associated with cetuximab: A case report and review
Authors: Presta Giovanni , Puliatti Andrea , Bonetti Loris , Tolotti Angela , Sari Davide , Valcarenghi Dario 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOne of the principal side effects in patients that receive radiotherapy is radiodermatitis. Radiodermatitis can be highly invalidating for patients, causing pain, ulceration, swelling, and increased infection risk, with a negative effect on the quality of life, requiring dressings and medications. Therapeutic approaches reported so far in the literature have not proved to be effective in treating radiodermatitis. Therefore, new approaches are needed to deal with these side effects more effectively. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid gel (HAG) (Jalosome soothing gel) for the treatment of a case of radiodermatitis. This is a case study of a patient affected by squamous cell carcinoma at the tongue base, who was treated with head and neck radiotherapy associated with the administration of cetuximab. About 1 month after this therapy was started the patient developed radiodermatitis, which did not regress with standard treatment. Therefore, HAG was applied once a day for about 20 days. The regression of radiodermatitis was measured using the Radiation Toxicity/Oncology Grading scale, pain relief was measured with a numerical scale, and patient satisfaction was done through a semi‐structured interview. The patient presented a dramatic reduction of skin toxicity, which had been resistant to all previous therapeutic approaches. Pain, which was severe at the beginning, gradually disappeared. The patient showed great satisfaction for the reduction of pain and the regression of the radiodermatitis. The effectiveness of HAG appears to be promising for the treatment of radiodermatitis.
The Watershed Leader as a Catalyst for Change
Authors: Bonnell Joseph E. , Hettinger Dallas Z. , Baird Anne M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper describes a research project that collected information about the leadership characteristics of successful watershed coordinators in Ohio. We interviewed a total of twenty watershed coordinators who had successfully completed nonpoint source (NPS) management projects and asked them to discuss their perceptions of what made them and others like them successful. We organized the attributes identified into three themes (social, technical and administrative). Of these, social attributes like strong communication skills were considered to be the most critical for getting NPS projects completed, though technical and administrative attributes were also important. We discuss how these findings might be applied in evaluating and training watershed coordinators, and consider possible avenues for further research.
Novel reciprocal interaction of lncRNA HOTAIR and miR‐214‐3p contribute to the solamargine‐inhibited PDPK1 gene expression in human lung cancer
Authors: Tang Qing , Zheng Fang , Liu Zheng , Wu JingJing , Chai XiaoSu , He CuenXa , Li Liuning , Hann Swei Sunny 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSolamargine (SM) has been shown to have anti‐cancer properties. However, the underlying mechanism involved remains undetermined. We showed that SM inhibited the growth of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, which was enhanced in cells with silencing of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), while it overcame by overexpression of HOTAIR. In addition, SM increased the expression of miR‐214‐3p and inhibited 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase‐1 (PDPK1) gene expression, which was strengthened by miR‐214‐3p mimics. Intriguingly, HOTAIR could directly bind to miR‐214‐3p and sequestered miR‐214‐3p from the target gene PDPK1. Intriguingly, overexpression of PDPK1 overcame the effects of SM on miR‐214‐3p expressions and neutralized the SM‐inhibited cell growth. Similar results were observed in vivo. In summary, our results showed that SM‐inhibited NSCLC cell growth through the reciprocal interaction between HOTAIR and miR‐214‐3p, which ultimately suppressed PDPK1 gene expression. HOTAIR effectively acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to stimulate the expression of target gene PDPK1. These complex interactions and feedback mechanisms contribute to the overall effect of SM. This unveils a novel molecular mechanism underlying the anti‐cancer effect of SM in human lung cancer.
On the Methodology of Studying Differentiated (Dis)integration: Or How the Potential Outcome Framework Can Contribute to Evaluating the Costs and Benefits of Opting In or Out
Authors: Burk Marian , Leuffen Dirk 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe European Commission's 2017 White Paper on the Future of Europe sets out several scenarios related to differentiated (dis)integration. But although our understanding of the causes of differentiated (dis)integration has substantively improved over recent years, our knowledge about its consequences still remains limited. This shortcoming may lead to difficulties when it comes to formulating policy recommendations. Accordingly, we propose closer attention to the effects‐of‐causes of differentiated (dis)integration, linked to a more careful implementation of insights on causal inference. After briefly reviewing the foci and methods of existing literature on differentiated (dis)integration, we introduce a potential outcome model of causal inference. We provide an illustrative application of the synthetic control method, as one method related to this framework. Our analysis shows that the UK has economically benefitted from not joining the eurozone, but our argument more generally is about the practical implications of methodological choices in the study of differentiated (dis)integration.
On the Social Status of the European Union
Authors: Røren Pål 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this article I analyse the EU's social status in world politics. I argue that recognition grants the EU both club and positional status. Drawing on existing literature on status in international relations, I conceptualize the diplomatic corps of various polities as the embodied recognition of their positional status in world politics. To indicate and measure the positional status of the EU, I applied social network analysis to data on the exchange of embassies from 1960 to 2010. This methodology allows for consistent longitudinal comparisons of standing between heterogeneous polities in world politics. The results indicate that the EU's rise in the status hierarchy has been meteoric since 1960. However, fear of status congestion and status dilution among countries has thwarted the EU's full inclusion into the various status clubs of nation‐states. I show that due to its lack of full club status the EU struggles to convert its high positional status into influence.