bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concatenated Coding for Multilevel Flash Memory with Low Error Correction Capabilities in Outer Stage
Authors: Taubin Feliks , Trofimov Andrey 
Published: October 2019

One of the approaches to organization of error correcting coding for multilevel flash memory is based on concatenated construction, in particular, on multidimensional lattices for inner coding. A characteristic feature of such structures is the dominance of the complexity of the outer decoder in the total decoder complexity. Therefore the concatenated construction with low-complexity outer decoder may be attractive since in practical applications the decoder complexity is the crucial limitation for the usage of the error correction coding.
We consider a concatenated coding scheme for multilevel flash memory with the Barnes-Wall lattice based codes as an inner code and the Reed-Solomon code with correction up to 4…5 errors as an outer one.
Performance analysis is fulfilled for a model characterizing the basic physical features of a flash memory cell with non-uniform target voltage levels and noise variance dependent on the recorded value (input-dependent additive Gaussian noise, ID-AGN). For this model we develop a modification of our approach for evaluation the error probability for the inner code. This modification uses the parallel structure of the inner code trellis which significantly reduces the computational complexity of the performance estimation. We present numerical examples of achievable recording density for the Reed-Solomon codes with correction up to four errors as the outer code for wide range of the retention time and number of write/read cycles.
Treatment of proteinuria with lercanidipine associated with reninangiotensin axis-blocking drugs
Authors: Robles N. R. , Romero B. , Garcia de Vinuesa E. , Sánchez-Casado E. , Cubero J. J. 
Published: October 2019

Aim. Most calcium antagonists do not seem to reduce microalbuminuria or proteinuria. We have tried to assess the antiproteinuric effect of a calcium channel blocker, lercanidipine, in patients previously treated with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers.Design and methods. The study included 68 proteinuric (>500 mg/day) patients (age 63,1±12,9 years, 69,1 % males and 30,9 % females). All patients were receiving ACE inhibitors (51,4 %) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (48,6 %) therapy but had higher blood pressure (BP) than recommended for proteinuric patients (<130/80 mm Hg). Patients were clinically evaluated one, three, and six months after starting treatment with lercanidipine (20 mg/day). Samples for urine and blood examination were taken during the examination. When needed, a third drug was added to treatment. Creatinine clearance was measured using 24 h urine collection.Results. BP significantly decreased from 152±15/86±11 mm Hg to 135±12/77±10 mm Hg at six months of follow-up (p<0,001). After six months of treatment, the percentage of normalized patients (BP <130/80 mm Hg) was 42,5 %, and the proportion of patients whose BP was below 140/90 mm Hg was 58,8 %. Plasmatic creatinine did not change nor did creatinine clearance. Plasmatic cholesterol also decreased from 210±48 to 192±34 mg/dL (p<0,001), as did plasma triglycerides (from 151±77 to 134±72 mg/dL,p=0,022). Basal proteinuria was 1,63±1,34 g/day; it was significantly (p<0,001) reduced by 23 % at the first month, 37 % at three months, and 33 % at the last visit.Conclusion. Lercanidipine at 20 mg dose, associated with renin-angiotensin axis-blocking drugs, showed a high antihypertensive and antiproteinuric effect. This antiproteinuric effect seems to be dose-dependent as compared with previous reports and proportionally higher than blood pressure reduction.
Kronik Hepatit C Enfeksiyonlu Hastalarda İzole anti-HBc IgG Seropozitifliğinin Araştırılması
Authors: TAHMAZ Alper , ALKAN ÇEVİKER Sevil , GÜNAL Özgür , KILIÇ Süleyman Sırrı 
Published: October 2019

Giriş: Kronik
Hepatit C (HCV) enfeksiyonu, siroz ve hepatosellüler karsinom
(HCC) etyolojisinde rol ayan etkenlerden olup, son yıllarda tedavide direkt
etkili antiviral (DEA) ilaç kombinasyonları sayesinde oldukça iyi tedavi
başarıları mevcut olup, son yayınlar kalıcı viral yanıt oranlarının %97-99 seviyelerinde olduğunu bildirmektedir.
Kronik HCV enfeksiyonunda tedavinin amacı; HCV eradikasyonu, siroz, HCC ve
ekstrahepatik komplikasyon (esansiyel mikskriyoglobulinemi, HCV-immun kompleks
ilişkili nefropati, B hücreli Non Hodgkin Lenfoma) gelişimininin engellenmesi, mortalite ve morbiditenin
azaltımasıdır. Tedavi öncesi tüm hastaların; Hepatit
B virüs (HBV), Hepatit Avirüs (HAV)
ve (Human Immmunodeficiency Virus) HIV
açısından tetkik edilmesi önerilmektedir. HCV tanısı ile DEA ilaç tedavisi alan
ve izole hepatit B kor antikoru (anti-HBc IgG) pozitif olan hastalarda şiddetli hepatit B
reaktivasyonu olabileceği unutulmamalıdır.Gereç
ve Yöntem: Bu
çalışmada; Ocak 2016 ile Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında polikliniğimize
başvuran kronik HCV tanılı hastalardaki, HBV koenfeksiyonu ve izole hepatit B
kor antikoru seropozitifliği
araştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışma grubunu
oluşturan toplam 313 hastanın, 135’i (% 43.1) kadın, 178’i (%56.9) erkekti, yaş
ortalaması 48.2±11.5 idi. 19 (%6) hastada eşlik eden HBsAg
pozitifliği, 8 (%2.5) hastada HBV-DNA
pozitifliği ve 39 (%12.5)
hastada izole Anti-HBc IgG seropozitifliği saptandı. Kronik HCV
tanılı hastalarda izole Anti-HBc
IgG seropozitifliği;
20-29 yaş aralığında %5.3, 30-39 yaş aralığında %8.7, 40-49 yaş aralığında
%9.7, 50-59 yaş aralığında %15.6, &gt;60 yaş %29 ve tüm yaş gruplarında %12.5 olarak tespit edildi.

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda saptanan izole Anti-HBc IgG seropozitiflik
oranı ülkemizde yapılan çalışmalara benzer bulunmuştur. Kronik HCV tanılı
hastaların HBV serolojisi açısından taranması,
seronegatif kişilerin HBV koenfeksiyonu gelişmesini engellemek amaçlı
aşılanması gerekmektedir.
Granüle Yüksek Fırın Cürufu ve Taban Külü İnce Agregaları ile Üretilmiş Betonun Gerilme Şekil Değiştirme Davranışının İncelenmesi
Authors: KARALAR Memduh , KONAK Selin 
Published: October 2019

Kömürle çalışan termik santrallerde,
yanma sırasında, yanma kazanının altında mikron (μm) boyutundaki taban külü
adında atık/yan ürün meydana gelmektedir. Taban külleri de genellikle silisli
ve alüminli olan bileşimi dolayısıyla puzolanik özellik göstererek harç ve
betonda katkı malzemesi olarak kullanılmaktadırlar. Tüm bu atıklar/yan ürünler,
doğaya bırakıldıkları takdirde çevreye zarar veren ve depolanmaları ve/veya
bertaraf edilmeleri ise ekonomik açıdan kayıplara sebep olan malzemelerdir. Bu
tür atıkların başka bir sektörde, farklı bir ürün üretiminde
değerlendirilmeleri hem çevresel hem de ekonomik açıdan büyük avantajlar
kazandıracaktır. Bu çalışmada, granüle yüksek fırın cürufu ve taban külünün,
klasik beton üretiminde ince agrega olarak kullanılan kumun yerine belirli
oranlarda ikame edilerek, bu atıkların betonun mekanik özellikleri üzerinde ki
etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Özellikle, betonun gerilme-şekil
değiştirme davranışı, Elastisite Modülü, tokluğu ve son olarak basınç
mukavemeti değişimi üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmada dört aşamalı deneysel bir
program izlenmiştir. İlk aşamada, kullanılacak tüm malzemelerin karakterizasyonunu
içeren bir dizi deney yapılmıştır. İkinci aşamada, doğal ince agrega
kullanılarak hazırlanacak referans betonun, karışım tasarımı
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üçüncü aşamada ise, taban külü ve yüksek fırın cürufu,
ayrı ayrı, %25, %50, %75 ve %100
oranlarında ince agrega yerine kullanılarak, beton numuneleri hazırlanmıştır.
Dördüncü ve son aşamada ise, hazırlanan numunelerin 7 ve 28 günlük standart su
kürü uygulamasından sonra, mekanik özellikleri tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak,
granüle yüksek fırın cürufu ve taban külü gibi endüstriyel atık/yan ürünlerin,
beton tasarımı içinde ince agrega olarak kullanımının, betonun mekanik
özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SUNSCREEN MICROEMULSION OF PINEAPPLE EXTRACT (Ananas comosus (L.)) WITH SYNERGISTIC EFFICACY ON SUN PROTECTION FACTOR (SPF)
Authors: Mutiah Roihatul , Sukma Yolanda Cahyaning , Megawati Dewi Sinta , Annisa Rahmi 
Published: October 2019

<p>The root of <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> (thistle) is an Indonesian herb to treat cancer based on empirical and scientific evidences. The study aims to find out the infuence of ethanol extract of <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> root<em> </em>in inhibiting cancer cell growth of <em>Mus musculus</em> fibrosarcoma in vivo and to find out metabolite compound in the <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> root<em> </em>extract. The effect of cancer cell growth inhibition was tested on Mus musculus inducted with 7.12-dimetilbenz (α) antrasena (DMBA) and dose treatment of 50, 100 and 150 mg/Kg body weight. The metabolomic analysis on the root employs UPLC-QToF-MS/MS as a positive ESI ion source, the movement phase of water/acid mixture is 99.9/0.1 [v/v] and acetonitrile/formic acid was 99.9/0.1 [v/v] with gradient elution system and stationary phase of C18. The chromatogram was analyzed using Masslynx<em> </em>4.1. The component identification was based on the m/z ratio measured in <em>Masslynx </em>and m/z counted in chemdraw<em>.</em> The result of the study showed that the <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> root extract with the dose of 50, 100 dan 150 mg/Kg body weight were able to increase the weight of fibrosarcoma mice and have a significant influence on caspase-3 expression with cell apoptosis index 24.3 %; 13.3 % and 12.3 % respectively. The result of metabolomic analysis showed 14 compounds found in the root extract. There are two major compounds: 4-Chlorobenzenethiol with the area 32.51% and N-[1-(Adamantan-1-yl) ethyl]-2-(1-piperidinyl)-4-quinazolinamine with the area 37.20%. They are indicated responsible for the anticancer activity of <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> root<em> </em>extract.</p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>Calotropis gigantea</em>, caspase-3,<strong> </strong>fibrosarcoma, metabolomic, UPLC-QToF-MS/MS</p>
Desafios Diagnósticos e Terapêuticos na Síndrome Hemolítica Urémica Atípica: A Propósito de Um Caso Clínico
Authors: Reis Sofia , Ramos Daniela , Cordinhã Carolina , Gomes Clara 
Published: October 2019

A síndrome hemolítica urémica atípica constitui uma microangiopatia trombótica resultante da hiperativação da via alterna do complemento. A sua gravidade exige diagnóstico e terapêutica precoces. O diagnóstico diferencial inclui a síndrome hemolítica urémica típica (associada à toxina Shiga) e a púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica (associada a deficiência na atividade da ADAMTS13). A terapêutica específica da síndrome hemolítica urémica atípica, atualmente disponível, é o eculizumab. Descrevemos um caso clínico de uma criança com síndrome hemolítica urémica atípica diagnosticada em contexto de diarreia sanguinolenta, complicada de envolvimento neurológico e que colocou vários desafios no diagnóstico e decisões terapêuticas.
Morphological Indexes: Can They Predict Lupus Nephritis Outcomes? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Navarro David , Ferreira Ana Carina , Viana Helena , Carvalho Fernanda , Nolasco Fernando 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Lupus nephritis is a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. Currently, therapy is guided by findings in the renal biopsy, following the International Society of Nephrology / Renal Pathology Society classification. Austin and Hill’s histomorphological indexes are not routinely obtained. In this retrospective single-centre study, we aimed to analyze the importance and applicability of the different morphological indexes in predicting response to treatment and prognosis.Material and Methods: Patients with kidney biopsy demonstrating lupus nephritis from the 2010 – 2016 period were included. We analyzed their demographic data, comorbidities, clinical presentation and laboratorial evaluation at the time of renal biopsy. We evaluated the following outcomes: clinical remission, renal function and proteinuria at end of follow-up. Histologic analysis was performed using the International Society of Nephrology / Renal Pathology Society classification and the morphological indexes described by Austin (Activity and Chronicity) and Hill. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis was performed using STATA software.Results: We analyzed 46 biopsy-proven lupus nephritis cases, with a median follow-up of 31.9 (13.2 – 45.6) months. Based on biopsy findings, 35 patients were started on immunosuppressive therapy. We observed that Class IV patients had, at presentation, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (67.3 vs 94.6 mL/min; p = 0.02), higher proteinuria (4.26 vs 2.37 g/24 hours; p = 0.02) and a non-significantly higher C3 consumption (58.9 vs 77.4 mg/dL; p = 0.06). We did not observe correlations between International Society of Nephrology / Renal Pathology Society classification and the outcomes at the end of follow-up. In contrast, both the Hill biopsy index and Austin’s Chronicity index were correlated with renal function and proteinuria at the end of follow-up. Austin’s Activity index correlated with the immunological findings (C3, C4 and anti-dsDNA) at presentation.Discussion: Because clinical activity poorly correlates with histologic activity, histological findings are fundamental when assessing patients with suspected lupus nephritis. The most recent International Society of Nephrology / Renal Pathology Society report supports the European League Against Rheumatism guidelines, encouraging the adoption of histomorphological indexes when evaluating lupus nephritis. Our data, showing a correlation between the renal outcomes and the indexes described by Austin and Hill, supports this view.Conclusion: The histomorphological indexes in lupus nephritis are easily obtainable, can predict renal outcomes and may help in the management of such patients.
Mania Induzida por Mirtazapina: Um Caso Clínico
Authors: Freitas Catarina , Barranha Rui , Abreu Tânia , Von Doellinger Orlando 
Published: October 2019

O desenvolvimento de estados maníacos e hipomaníacos associado ao uso de antidepressivos é relativamente comum. Contudo, no caso da mirtazapina, este é um efeito secundário raro. Os autores descrevem um caso clínico de um episódio maníaco de características disfóricas, num doente sem antecedentes psiquiátricos pessoais ou familiares, com instalação duas semanas após início de tratamento com mirtazapina até 30 mg/dia. Uma vez suspensa a mirtazapina e iniciada olanzapina (10 mg) verificou-se remissão sintomática. A mirtazapina apresenta uma farmacodinâmica particular, sendo antagonista não só de recetores serotoninérgicos póssinápticos, mas também de recetores adrenérgicos pré-sinápticos α2. Neste sentido, colocou-se a hipótese de se tratar de uma síndrome noradrenérgica, caracterizada por disforia, irritabilidade, insónia e agitação psicomotora.
Nutritive Value and the Quality of Ensiled Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) and Banana (Musa acuminata) Peelings
Authors: Randa Sangle Y , Lekitoo Marlyn N , Iyai Deny A , Pattiselanno Freddy 
Published: October 2019

This paper aimed to evaluate the nutritive value and the quality of ensiled Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) and banana (Musa acuminate) peelings. Different levels of banana peeling and Napier grass were used in this study. The levels of Napier grass and banana peeling compared as treatments with four replications were as follows: 100% Napier Grass (NG), 75% (NG) + 25% Banana Peeling (BP), 50%NG + 50%BP, 25%NG + 75% BP and 100%BP. Napier grass and banana peeling were mixed based on the percentage combination as treatments, weighed and placed into empty jam bottle with weights ranging from 64.4 grams to 509.2 grams as a simulated laboratory silo. Samples were stored in eight weeks at the Dairy Training Research Institute. Proximate analyses were done at Animal Nutrition Laboratory Institute of Animal Science while ADF, NDF, IVDMD, and IVOMD were done at the Animal Nutrition Division Laboratory at Dairy Training and Research Institute, UP Los Baños. Physically, the color of silage were light yellow with a little greenish color for 100% napier grass, light to moderately yellow for the three combinations of napier and banana peel and yellow for 100% banana peel. Texture ranged from dry and coarse for napier grass, relatively dry for the combinations and moderately wet for the banana peel. The napier grass had a slightly acidic smell, the combinations had slightly sweet, acidic smell while the 100% banana peel had a sweeter, acidic smell. Likewise, pH before ensiling had ranged from 5.7 (25%NG + 75%BP) to 7.5 ( 100% BP) while after ensiling the pH changed from 4.575 ( 100% napier grass) to 5.75 ( 100% banana peel ). There were significant differences on DM, Moisture, CP, EE, CF, and Ash before ensiling. Similar trend was observed after ensiling except the ash content of all the treatments. ADF and NDF did not show significant variations in all treatments. IVDMD and IVOMD before ensiling varied significantly, but after ensiling only IVDMD of the treatments differed significantly. In terms of physical attributes, nutritive value and digestibility, banana peel can be used as silage material. All treatments generated comparable acceptability when fed to the animal. It is suggested that further study, specifically in vivo trial, will be conducted to validate the feeding and nutritional value of banana peel as alternative silage for ruminants.
PENGARUH ASIMETRI KONFLIK TUGAS TERHADAP KINERJA DAN PERAN MANAJEMEN KONFLIK KOLABORASI (Kasus pada Organisasi Non Profit)
Authors: Darmawati Dwita , Tohir Tohir , Restanti Anisa Sri 
Published: October 2019

This study aims to explore the influence of the composition of perceptual task conflicts on group performance in non-profit organizations. In addition, this study also explores the role of moderators of collaborative conflict management on the influence of the composition of perceptual task conflicts on group performance. Data collection is done by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis.
This study involved 232 respondents from 58 teams / working groups from non-profit organizations namely college scouts, libraries, village level government institutions, early childhood education, PKK organizations and dasa wisma. The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicate that the composition of perceptual task conflicts negatively affects group performance. However, there is not enough evidence of the role of collaboration conflict management in with the influence of the composition of the conflict on the task of the group on group performance. Several implications are given based on the results of this study
Intern preparedness for the CanMEDS roles and the Dunning-Kruger effect: a survey
Authors: Prozesky Detlef Richard , Molwantwa Mmoloki Cornelius , Kebaetse Masego Baitseng , Nkomazana Oathokwa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the first cohort of graduates from a new undergraduate medical programme in Botswana were adequately prepared for internship.
Methods
The authors surveyed 27 interns and 13 intern supervisors on site, who rated intern preparedness for 44 tasks using a previously validated instrument. Tasks were grouped according to the seven roles of the physician in the CanMEDS framework and Cronbach α values confirmed internal consistency. To determine the direction of differences between intern and supervisor ratings for tasks Likert scale ratings were treated as interval data and mean scores calculated. Rating frequencies for each role were compared using the χ 2 statistic. Reasons for differences between intern and supervisor ratings were explored by determining correlations between scores using the Spearman ρ statistic, and analysing qualitative data generated by the questionnaire.
Results
Preparedness for all seven roles and the majority of tasks was found to be between ‘Fairly well prepared’ and ‘Well prepared’. The ratings for four roles (Medical expert, Communicator, Collaborator, Professional) differed statistically, but not for the three others (Leader, Health advocate, Scholar). Interns rated their proficiency higher than their supervisors for the tasks in six roles; for the ‘Professional’ role intern ratings were mostly lower. Correlations between intern and supervisors scores were only significant for three roles (Medical expert, Communicator, Collaborator). Qualitative data provided further insights into the reasons for these associations.
Conclusions
Intern preparedness for tasks and roles varied but was generally satisfactory. Based on the analysis of the data seeming discrepancies in between interns and supervisor ratings were investigated and explanations are offered. For three roles the data indicate that their component tasks are understood in the same way by interns and supervisors, but not for the other roles. The Dunning-Kruger effect offers a plausible explanation for higher intern scores for tasks in six of the roles. For the ‘Professional’ role differences between interns’ internal, individual understanding and supervisors’ external, group understanding may explain lower intern scores. The fact that respondents may understand the tasks they rate differently has implications for all research of this nature.
GhFAD2-3 is Required for Anther Development in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Liu Feng , Ma Lihong , Wang Youwu , Li Yanjun , Zhang Xinyu , Xue Fei , Nie Xinhui , Zhu Qianhao , Sun Jie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

In higher plants, the FAD2 gene encodes the microsomal oleate Δ12-desaturase, one of the key enzymes essential for the biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated lipids that serve many important functions in plant development and stress responses. FAD2 catalyzes the first step, in the biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in the cell membrane and cell wall, and it is thus of great importance to investigate the regulatory role of FAD2 in anther development.Results

We reported the molecular characterization of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) GhFAD2 gene family and the essential role of GhFAD2-3 in cotton anther development. G. hirsutum contains four pairs of homoeologous FAD2 genes (GhFAD2-1 to GhFAD2-4). GhFAD2-3 is ubiquitously and relatively highly expressed in all analyzed tissues, particularly in anthers. Specific inhibition of GhFAD2-3 using the RNA interference approach resulted in male sterility due to impaired anther development at the stages from meiosis to maturation. The cellular phenotypic abnormality observed at the meiosis stage of the GhFAD2-3 silenced plant (fad2-3) coincides with the significant reduction of C18:2 in anthers at the same stage. Compared with that of the wild type (WT), the content of C18:1 was 41.48%, which increased by 5 fold in the fad2-3 anther at the pollen maturation stage. Moreover, the ratio of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acid was 5.43 in fad2-3 anther, which was much higher than that of the WT (only 0.39). Through compositional analysis of anthers cuticle and transcriptome data, we demonstrated it was unfavorable to the development of anther by regulating GhFAD2-3 expression level to increase the oleic acid content.Conclusions

Our work demonstrated the importance of C18:2 and/or C18:3 in the development of the pollen exine and anther cuticle in cotton and provided clue for further investigation of the physiological significance of the fatty acid composition for plant growth and development.