bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Metal Sulfide/Carbon Spheres: A Generalized Synthesis and High Sodium‐Storage Performance
Authors: Shen Laifa , Wang Yi , Wu Feixiang , Moudrakovski Igor , van Aken Peter A. , Maier Joachim , Yu Yan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe development of suitable anode materials is far from satisfactory and is a major scientific challenge for a competitive sodium‐ion battery technology. Metal sulfides have demonstrated encouraging results, but still suffer from sluggish kinetics and severe capacity decay associated with the phase change. Herein we show that rational electrode design, that is, building efficient electron/ion mixed‐conducting networks, can overcome the problems resulting from conversion reactions. A general strategy for the preparation of hierarchical carbon‐coated metal sulfide (MS⊂C) spheres through thermal sulfurization of metal glycerate has been developed. We demonstrate the concept by synthesizing highly uniform hierarchical carbon coated vanadium sulfide (V2S3⊂C) spheres, which exhibit a highly reversibly sodium storage capacity of 777 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, excellent rate capability (410 mAh g−1 at 4000 mA g−1), and impressive cycling ability.
Bioactive Patchy Nanoparticles with Compartmentalized Cargoes for Simultaneous and Trackable Delivery
Authors: Wong Chin Ken , Chen Fan , Walther Andreas , Stenzel Martina H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecent years have seen an increased interest in the use of ABC triblock terpolymers to bottom‐up assemble multicompartment patchy nanoparticles. Despite these experimental and theoretical efforts, the applications of polymer‐based patchy nanoparticles remain rather limited. One of the major challenges that eclipses their potential is the lack of knowledge to selectively encapsulate cargoes within different compartments that are separated in the nanometer length scale. Here, strategies are reported to segregate two chemically distinct molecules in either the patches or core compartment of patchy nanoparticles that bear a (bioactive) sugar corona. The potential use of these bioactive patchy nanoparticles containing compartmentalized cargoes for simultaneous drug delivery with real‐time release monitoring capabilities is further demonstrated.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative γ‐Arylation for the Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Chiral Allenes
Authors: Scheipers Ina , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Studer Armido 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn enantiospecific palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of acyclic β,γ‐alkynoic acids with various aryl iodides to chiral tetrasubstituted allenes is described. The coupling reaction comprises a decarboxylative γ‐palladation of α,α‐disubstituted carboxylic acids to provide the tetrasubstituted allenes with complete point‐to‐axial chirality transfer in excellent yields.
Methacrylate monomer as an alternative to styrene in typical polyester–styrene copolymers
Authors: Chabros Artur , Gawdzik Barbara 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis study presents the research on the influence of crosslinking monomers [styrene and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA)] on the properties of unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs). Syntheses of the unsaturated polyesters (UPs) modified with benzyl alcohol were carried out. Then, each polyester was used in preparation of five resin solutions with different amounts of crosslinking monomers acting as reactive diluents. These diluents improve the processability of UPs reducing their viscosities. They also take part in crosslinking of resins during copolymerization process. The properties of the prepared UPRs systems were investigated before and after the curing process. The measurements of their viscosity, reactivity, mechanical properties, thermal stability (thermogravimetry), and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed. Resins where DEGDMA was used as reactive diluent were characterized by the largest viscosities in comparison to styrene ones. The type of the used monomer influenced also degree of the resin crosslinking. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47735.
Self‐doped N‐propansulfonic acid polyaniline‐polyethylene terephthalate film used as active sensor element for humidity or gas detection
Authors: Solonaru Ana‐Maria , Grigoras Mircea , Petrila Iulian , Tudorache Florin 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report the fabrication of sensors’ element for humidity or gases, prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline N‐propansulfonic acid using ammonium persulfate in acidic medium. The polymer is being used in the form of powder or deposited in multiple layers onto the PET film. Various techniques including Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet‐–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the as‐prepared sensing materials. The film has been tested for humidity influence, where the significant variations in electrical characteristics were observed, suggesting its usefulness for humidity sensors. Also, for different organic and inorganic gases, a relatively low operating temperature and important sensitivity were observed that indicate its applicability as an active element for general gases sensors. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47743.
Temporal trends in diagnoses of congenital microcephaly, Texas Hospital Discharge Diagnoses, 2000–2015
Authors: Waller Dorothy Kim , Tark Ji Yun , Agopian A. J. , Shewale Jitesh , Ganduglia‐Cazaban Cecilia , Hoyt Adrienne T , Scheuerle Angela E. , Langlois Peter H. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveAssess temporal trends in congenital microcephaly.MethodsWe used Texas inpatient discharge diagnoses between 2000 and 2015, restricting to newborns. Between 2000 and 2003, the maximum number of fields for recording diagnostic codes was eight, and between 2004 and 2015 it was 24. Microcephaly was classified into four subgroups based on co‐occurring diagnoses: A (Known Causes), B (Other Birth Defects), C (Preterm Birth or Fetal Growth Restriction) and D (Isolated Cases).ResultsWe identified 2,301 cases of microcephaly or 4.0 cases per 10,000 live births. There was an increase in the prevalence of microcephaly in 2012–2015 compared with 2000–2003, odds ratio = 1.85 (95% CI 1.64–2.10) Significant temporal increases in microcephaly were observed within each of the four microcephaly subgroups and significant temporal increases were also observed for eight other neonatal diagnoses during the same time period. When we restricted our analysis to cases with microcephaly identified using only the eight diagnostic codes available throughout the entire study period, the temporal trend for microcephaly was diminished or absent.ConclusionsIt remains uncertain whether the observed increases in microcephaly and other neonatal diagnoses are real or an artifact of the change in the number of fields. However, since it is unlikely that there would be a simultaneous increase in microcephaly and eight other neonatal diagnoses, it is likely that some or all of the temporal increases in neonatal diagnoses are artifactual.
Phosphoramitoids—A submonomer approach to sequence defined N‐substituted phosphoramidate polymers
Authors: Horn Thomas , Connolly Michael D. , Zuckermann Ronald N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is a growing interest in new methods to generate bio‐inspired, chemically diverse, sequence‐defined synthetic polymers. Solid‐phase submonomer approaches offer facile access to these types of materials, since they take advantage of readily available synthons. Submonomer approaches to date have been applied to peptidomimetics with oligo‐amide backbones. Here we extend the approach to a phosphorous‐containing backbone, where N‐substituted phosphoramidate oligomers are constructed from a set of amine submonomers, diphenyl H‐phosphonate, and cyclohexane diol. The key chemical steps in chain elongation are a chain extension reaction based on H‐phosphonate (P III) chemistry, and a side chain attachment step based on the Atherton‐Todd reaction. Cheap, stable chemical reagents are used without heating, all reaction times are 30 minutes or less and open to air, and no main‐chain protecting groups are required. Phosphoramitoid tetramers and pentamers displaying a variety of side chain functionalities were synthesized by a three‐step solid‐phase submonomer method, typically with >85% crude purities.
Fatigue and physical activity in cancer survivors: A cross‐sectional population‐based study
Authors: Matias Margarida , Baciarello Giulia , Neji Mohamed , Di Meglio Antonio , Michiels Stefan , Partridge Ann H. , Bendiane Marc Karim , Fizazi Karim , Ducreux Michel , Andre Fabrice , Vaz‐Luis Ines 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeA substantial proportion of cancer survivors experience fatigue after diagnosis. Physical activity (PA) can impact fatigue after cancer. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and association of fatigue and the practice of PA in a population with early cancer.MethodsUsing the national population‐based French cross‐sectional study Vie après le cancer 2, we included 1984 patients with early breast (61.1%), prostate (21.5%), and colorectal (17.4%) cancer. Severe fatigue at 2 years postdiagnosis was defined by a score ≥40 in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ C30) fatigue subscale. PA was defined as (a) self‐reported PA before diagnosis (active/inactive) and (b) change in PA since diagnosis (increased/maintained exposure vs decreased exposure/remaining inactive). Multivariate regression examined associations of severe fatigue with PA, adjusting for baseline clinical and treatment variables.ResultsMedian age was 52 years. 51.5% of patients experienced severe fatigue 2 years post‐diagnosis. 87.7% reported to be physically active before cancer diagnosis; 53.3% of patients either decreased PA or remained inactive at 2 years postdiagnosis. At 2 years postdiagnosis, severe fatigue was associated with a change in PA since diagnosis: patients with decreasing PA/remaining inactive from pre‐ to postdiagnosis had a higher risk of severe fatigue vs those with increasing/maintaining PA (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.32 [1.85‐2.90]).ConclusionFatigue continues to be a substantial problem for cancer survivors 2 years after cancer diagnosis and is associated with PA decreasing/remaining inactive since diagnosis. Interventions to maintain or increase PA for cancer survivors should be tested to mitigate long‐term fatigue after cancer.
Degree of valve calcification in patients undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation with and without balloon aortic valvuloplasty: Findings from the multicenter EASE‐IT TF registry
Authors: Butter Christian , Okamoto Maki , Schymik Gerhard , Jacobshagen Claudius , Rothe Jürgen , Treede Hendrik , Kerber Sebastian , Frank Derk , Bramlage Peter , Sykorova Lenka , Thoenes Martin , Rudolph Tanja K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsWe aimed to assess whether the level of aortic root calcification is associated with BAV performance/omission during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), and to explore related outcomes.Methods and resultsEASE‐IT TF was a prospective, observational, multicenter registry of patients undergoing TF‐TAVI with the Edwards SAPIEN 3, with or without BAV predilation. Valvular calcification was quantified from pre‐procedural multi‐slice computed tomography images and compared between BAV and no BAV patients. Data for 178 patients (55 BAV; 123 no BAV) were analyzed. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of regional/leaflet sector calcification volumes, maximum asymmetry between the different leaflet sectors, or total calcification scores. Overall, a greater‐than‐average leaflet calcification volume was independently predictive of ≥mild PVL (OR: 5.116; 95% CI: 1.042–38.35) and the need for post‐dilation (OR: 3.592; 95% CI: 1.173–12.14). The latter effect was abated in patients with BAV (OR: 1.837; 95% CI: 0.223–18.00) and intensified in those without BAV (OR: 5.575; 95% CI: 1.114–38.74). No other BAV‐dependent effects of calcification on outcomes were observed.ConclusionsIn the majority of transfemoral valve implantations, calcification does not appear to be the main driving factor in the decision to perform/omit BAV. Predilation may be valuable for reducing post‐dilation requirements in patients only with a greater degree of leaflet calcification.
Abandonment of surveillance, followed by emergency surgery for a second spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Plahuta Irena , Jelenko Mihael , Potrč Stojan , Ivanecz Arpad 
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical MessageHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in the presence of chronic liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is becoming a frequent cause of HCC in developed regions. Spontaneous rupture of HCC (rHCC) is a potentially life‐threatening complication of a tumor. The patient's compliance with surveillance after liver resection is vital for the prevention of rHCC.
An adult case of atypical familial Mediterranean fever (pyrin‐associated autoinflammatory disease) similar to adult‐onset Still’s disease
Authors: Tsuruma Hayato , Sato Hiroe , Hasegawa Eriko , Nozawa Yukiko , Nakatsue Takeshi , Wada Yoko , Kuroda Takeshi , Suzuki Yoshiki , Nakano Masaaki , Narita Ichiei 
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical MessageWe present a 55‐year‐old woman with periodic fever and symptoms similar to adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD). She had a heterogeneous mutation of the MEFV gene and colchicine was effective. Atypical familial Mediterranean fever (pyrin‐associated autoinflammatory disease) should be considered in patients with periodic fever accompanied by symptoms similar to AOSD.
Ammonia‐Borane Derived BN Fragments Trapped on Bi‐ and Trimetallic Titanium(III) Systems
Authors: del Horno Estefanía , Jover Jesús , Mena Miguel , Pérez‐Redondo Adrián , Yélamos Carlos 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTitanium(III) complexes containing unprecedented (NH2BH2NHBH3)2− and {N(BH3)3}3− ligands have been isolated, and their structures elucidated by a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. The treatment of the trimethyl derivative [TiCp*Me3] (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) with NH3BH3 (3 equiv) at room temperature gives the paramagnetic dinuclear complex [{TiCp*(NH2BH3)}2(μ‐NH2BH2NHBH3)], which at 80 °C leads to the trinuclear hydride derivative [{TiCp*(μ‐H)}3{μ3‐N(BH3)3}]. The bonding modes of the anionic BN fragments in those complexes, as well as the dimethylaminoborane group trapped on the analogous trinuclear [{TiCp*(μ‐H)}3(μ3‐H)(μ3‐NMe2BH2)], have been studied by X‐ray crystallography and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
A Revised Structure Model for the UCl6 Structure Type, Novel Modifications of UCl6 and UBr5, and a Comment on the Modifications of Protactinium Pentabromides
Authors: Deubner H. Lars , Rudel Stefan S. , Sachs Malte , Pietzonka Clemens , Karttunen Antti J. , Ivlev Sergei I. , Müller Matthias , Conrad Matthias , Müller Ulrich , Kraus Florian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe redetermination of the crystal structure of trigonal UCl6, which is the eponym for the UCl6 structure type, showed that certain atomic coordinates had been incorrectly reported. This led to noticeably different U−Cl distances within the octahedral UCl6 molecule (2.41 and 2.51 Å). Within the revised structure model presented here, which is based on single crystal data as well as quantum chemical calculations, all U−Cl distances are essentially equal within standard uncertainty (2.431(5), 2.437(5), and 2.439(6) Å). This room temperature modification, called rt‐UCl6, crystallizes in the trigonal space group P
m1, No. 164, hP21, with a=10.907(2), c=5.9883(12) Å, V=616.9(2) Å3, Z=3 at T=253 K. A new low‐temperature (lt) modification of UCl6 is also presented that was obtained by cooling a single crystal of rt‐UCl6. The phase change occurs between 150 and 175 K. lt‐UCl6 crystallizes isotypic to a low‐temperature modification of SF6 in the monoclinic crystal system, space group C2/m, No. 12, mS42, with a=17.847(4), b=10.8347(18), c=6.2670(17) Å, β=96.68(2)°, V=1203.6(5) Å3, Z=6 at 100 K. The Cl anions form a close‐packed structure corresponding to the α‐Sm type with uranium atoms in the octahedral voids. During the synthesis of UBr5 a new modification was obtained that crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system, space group P
, No. 2, aP36, with a=10.4021(6), b=11.1620(6), c=12.2942(7) Å, α=68.3340(10)°, β=69.6410(10)° and γ=89.5290(10)°, V=1231.84(12) Å3, Z=3 at T=100 K. In this structure the UBr5 units are dimerized to U2Br10 molecules. The Br anions also form a close‐packed structure of the α‐Sm type with adjacent uranium atoms in the octahedral voids. Comparisons of the crystal structures of the compounds MX5 (M=Pa, U; X=Cl, Br) show that the crystal structure of monoclinic α‐PaBr5 is probably not correct.
Regional differences in mitral cell development in mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Nguyen Uyen P. , Imamura Fumiaki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOlfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) located in the dorsomedial and ventromedial regions of the olfactory epithelium (OE) are distinguished from one another based on their molecular expression patterns. This difference is reflected in the separation of the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb (OB) into dorsomedial and ventrolateral regions. However, it is unclear whether a complementary separation is also evident in the projection neurons that innervate the OB glomeruli. In this study, we compared the development of the OB between different regions by focusing on the transcription factor, Tbx21, which is expressed by mitral and tufted cells in the mature OB. Examining the OB at different developmental ages, we found that Tbx21 expression commenced in the anteromedial region called the tongue‐shaped area, followed by the dorsomedial and then ventrolateral areas. We also showed that the tongue‐shaped area was innervated by the OSNs located in the most dorsomedial part of the ventrolateral OE, the V‐zone:DM. Interestingly, the generation of OSNs occurred first in the dorsomedial zone including the V‐zone:DM, suggesting a correlation between the time course of OSN generation in the OE and Tbx21 expression in their target region of the OB. In contrast, expression of vGluT1, which is also found in all mitral cells in the mature OB, was first detected in the ventrolateral region during development. Our findings demonstrate that the development of projection neurons occurs in a compartmentalized manner in the OB; tongue‐shaped, dorsomedial, and ventrolateral areas, and that not all projection neurons follow the same developmental pathway.
Arnold‐Thom Gradient Conjecture for the Arrival Time
Authors: Colding Tobias Holck , Minicozzi William P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe prove conjectures of René Thom and Vladimir Arnold for C2 solutions to the degenerate elliptic equation that is the level set equation for motion by mean curvature.We believe these results are the first instances of a general principle: Solutions of many degenerate equations behave as if they are analytic, even when they are not. If so, this would explain various conjectured phenomena. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetically Encoded FRET‐Based Tension Sensors
Authors: Cost Anna‐Lena , Khalaji Samira , Grashoff Carsten 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGenetically encoded Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based tension sensors measure piconewton‐scale forces across individual molecules in living cells or whole organisms. These biosensors show comparably high FRET efficiencies in the absence of tension, but FRET quickly decreases when forces are applied. In this article, we describe how such biosensors can be generated for a specific protein of interest, and we discuss controls to confirm that the observed differences in FRET efficiency reflect changes in molecular tension. These FRET efficiency changes can be related to mechanical forces as the FRET–force relationship of the employed tension sensor modules are calibrated. We provide information on construct generation, expression in cells, and image acquisition using live‐cell fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Moreover, we describe how to analyze, statistically evaluate, and interpret the resulting data sets. Together, these protocols should enable the reader to plan, execute, and interpret FRET‐based tension sensor experiments. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Game theory approach for detecting vulnerable data centers in cloud computing network
Authors: Hosseini Soodeh , Vakili Ramin 
Published: March 2019

SummaryNowadays, cloud computing has many benefits to accessibility, scalability, and cost‐effectiveness, leading to network security risks and vulnerabilities. Cloud computing is gaining in popularity with the advances and growth of its systems. Therefore, the security of this system and the identification of vulnerable data centers are more complicated than the past. Definitely discovering vulnerable data centers that are vulnerable to attacks can help to strengthen these data centers and provide a safer and more secure network structure. This paper examines the vulnerability of malware data centers in the infrastructure and cloud computing network structure. Based on the analysis of the cloud computing system in the field of game theory, we introduce a developed model for identifying vulnerable data centers in cloud computing. The developed model in this paper is based on the game theory as a mathematical tool. According to the game theory, we introduce a measure of the degree of vulnerability of data centers in the cloud computing network.
Predicting residence time using a continuous‐time discrete‐space model of leatherback turtle satellite telemetry data
Authors: Hoover Aimee L. , Liang Dong , Alfaro‐Shigueto Joanna , Mangel Jeffrey C. , Miller Peter I. , Morreale Stephen J. , Bailey Helen , Shillinger George L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe utilization and capabilities of biotelemetry are expanding enormously as technology and access rapidly improve. These large, correlated datasets pose statistical challenges requiring advanced statistical techniques to appropriately interpret and model animal movement. We used satellite telemetry data of critically endangered Eastern Pacific leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) to develop a habitat‐based model of their motility (and conversely residence time) using a hierarchical Bayesian framework, which could be broadly applied across species. To account for the spatiotemporally auto‐correlated, unbalanced, and presence‐only telemetry observations, in combination with dynamic environmental variables, a novel modeling approach was applied. We expanded a Poisson generalized linear model in a continuous‐time discrete‐space (CTDS) model framework to predict individual leatherback movement based on environmental drivers, such as sea surface temperature. Population‐level movement estimates were then obtained with a Bayesian approach and used to create monthly, near real‐time predictions of Eastern Pacific leatherback movement in the South Pacific Ocean. This model framework will inform the development of a dynamic ocean management model, “South Pacific TurtleWatch (SPTW),” and could be applied to telemetry data from other populations and species to predict motility and residence times in dynamic environments, while accounting for statistical uncertainties arising at multiple stages of telemetry analysis.