bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereo Applications Need a Dedicated Lens Choosing
Authors: Simon Stephanie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStereo cameras perceive the world in a manner similar to humans; this similarity allows machines using stereo technology to perform and interact like human partners. Robots equipped with a stereo camera can grasp objects autonomously, without the need for additional sensors or lights. Autonomous cars can have the ability to detect a human crossing the street and accurately determine their distance from the moving car, and their walking speed. The selection of the correct lens for a stereo application is much more important than for a setup with a single camera. The position and perspective of each camera with respect to the other determines the system's accuracy. Environmental parameters require consideration, in addition to temperature, shock, and vibration.
Smart Line Scan Measurement Systems
Authors: Halbach Guido , Oechsner Ulrich 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCurrent industrial machine vision applications mostly rely on PC‐based image processing. Smart camera systems, which incorporate an image sensor and computing capabilities, were initially restricted to very simple tasks like barcode reading and interpretation. But as the computing capabilities of embedded systems increased, smart cameras are now able to handle a wide range of applications.
Photonic Design, Verification, and Implementation
Authors: Gonzalez Ana , Pozo Jose 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe requirement of different sectors such as healthcare, telecommunications, and industry for new systems that will provide higher performance and lower foot‐print has triggered the development of many new photonic‐based solutions. A key aspect of the development of an optical system is the design and verification before its production to reduce failure and, as consequence, the time‐to‐market. There are commercial software solutions able to simulate and to analyze the packaging of optical systems, photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based devices, transmission systems & networks, and fiber‐optic lasers & amplifiers. Also, it is possible to take into account thermal and mechanical issues by multiphysics simulations. In this article, we explore the different available solutions to simulate your optical design before the production at the component level including free‐form optics and photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and also at the system level.
3 Approaches Show: Fiber Lasers Prepared for E‐Mobility
Authors: Wanke Nikolaus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractE‐mobility contains all the characteristics of a huge global trend. E‐mobility is supported by politics, new technologies, products, services, and the people who are showing an increased acceptance and interest for cleaner mobility possibilities, e.g. e‐bicycles, ‐motorcycles, ‐scooters, ‐cars etc. The mega trend provides opportunities, requires changes, creates challenges, and is defined primarily by the electric powertrain. The e‐mobility industry embodies modern automated manufacturing plants, an environmentally friendly approach, and a high competitive pressure between the well‐known brands and the new market participants. Competitive pressures drive the need for modernized machinery and plant engineering as well as advanced material processes. These material processes need to be fast, reliable, flexible, environmentally friendly and therefore energy efficient. Fiber lasers meet these requirements. IPG Photonics, developer and manufacturer of high‐performance fiber lasers, offers several different solutions and possibilities for the mechanical and plant engineering. The wide range of IPG products enable customized solutions for the e‐mobility manufacturer, at the same time meeting the requirements of the fourth industrial revolution, the so‐called Industry 4.0.
Fast Laser Beam Characterization
Authors: Dini Christian , Bünting Andreas , Brčina Mladen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe power‐to‐weight ratio plays a key role in automotive construction: the lighter the powertrain components of the car or truck, the more efficient the vehicle. Moreover, it significantly cuts emissions and fuel consumption. And engineers are always striving to eliminate parts that are at higher risk of wear and tear. With these goals in mind, automotive experts at Daimler have successfully optimized the design and assembly of their differential gears, substituting bolted joints with laser welds (Fig.1). Not only has this reduced the mass of each part by over 15 percent, the new procedure requires no rework of the parts, and it has also brought down losses due to splashing of nuts and bolts through the oil reservoir of the differential gear during operation. In order to meet the stringent standards that Daimler is committed to, the company implemented a digital process chain to guarantee and document all relevant quality parameters. One key feature thereof is the non‐contact, automated characterization of process laser beams using Ophir's BeamWatch Integrated.
Seeing Things in a New Light
Authors: Pelaprat Jean‐Michel , Finuf Matthew , Fritz Robert , Zediker Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNuburu has introduced a new high‐power blue laser that brings unmatched performance to many materials processing applications. Lasers are capable of delivering high energy density with pinpoint precision. The energy can be delivered without physical contact between the components of the laser and any material to be worked. These characteristics suit lasers for many materials processing applications – perhaps none more well‐suited than laser welding. Common industrial lasers are high‐power infrared (IR) systems operating at wavelengths around 10.6 μm or around 1 μm, or low‐ to moderate‐power green light systems operating at a wavelength around 532 nm. The capabilities of these systems are constrained by either the physics of the interaction (in the case of infrared lasers) or the cost and technological capability of the laser (in the case of green lasers). Nuburu's AO‐150 laser puts out a 150‐watt high‐quality beam of 450 nm laser light that brings game‐changing capabilities to laser welding and other industrial applications.
Secondary phase formation and surface modification from a high dose KF‐post deposition treatment of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2solar cell absorbers
Authors: Donzel‐Gargand Olivier , Larsson Fredrik , Törndahl Tobias , Stolt Lars , Edoff Marika 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the potential of KF‐post deposition treatment (PDT) performed on a silver‐alloyed Cu (In,Ga)Se2(ACIGS) solar absorber. ACIGS absorbers with Ag/Ag + Cu ratio (Ag/I) close to 20% were co‐evaporated on a Mo‐coated glass substrate and exposed toin‐situKF‐PDT of various intensities.The current–voltage characteristics indicated that an optimized PDT can be beneficial, increasing in our study themedianVocand efficiency values by +48 mV and + 0.9%abs(from 728 mV and 16.1% efficiency measured for the sample without PDT), respectively. However, an increased KF‐flux during PDT resulted in a net deterioration of the performance leading tomedianVocand efficiency values as low as 503 mV and 4.7%.The chemical composition analysis showed that while the reference absorber without any post deposition treatment (PDT) was homogeneous, the KF‐PDT induced a clear change within the first 10 nm from the surface. Here, the surface layer composition was richer in K and In with an increased Ag/I ratio, and its thickness seemed to follow the KF exposure intensity. Additionally, high‐dose KF‐PDT resulted in substantial formation of secondary phases for the ACIGS. The secondary phase precipitates were also richer in Ag, K, and In, and electron and X‐ray diffraction data match with the monoclinic C 1 2/c 1 space group adopted by the Ag‐alloyed KInSe2phase. It could not be concluded whether the performance loss for the solar cell devices originated from the thicker surface layer or the presence of secondary phases, or both for the high‐dose KF‐PDT sample.
Discovery and Validation of Clinical Biomarkers of Cancer: A Review Combining Metabolomics and Proteomics
Authors: Srivastava Anubhav , Creek Darren John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEarly detection and diagnosis of cancer can allow timely medical intervention, which greatly improves chances of survival and enhances quality of life. Biomarkers play an important role in assisting clinicians and health care providers in cancer diagnosis and treatment follow‐up. In spite of years of research and the discovery of thousands of candidate cancer biomarkers, only a few have transitioned to routine usage in the clinic. This review highlights advances in proteomics technologies that have enabled high rates of discovery of candidate cancer biomarkers and evaluates integration with other omics technologies to improve their progress through to validation and clinical translation. Furthermore, it gauges the role of metabolomics technology in cancer biomarker research and assesses it as a complementary tool in aiding cancer biomarker discovery and validation.
Thiolactone chemistry for the synthesis of functional silicone‐based amphiphilic co‐networks
Authors: De Bruycker Kevin , Mertens Chiel , Du Prez Filip E. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA series of amphiphilic co‐networks (ACNs) is prepared in a straightforward way via thiolactone chemistry by crosslinking a multivalent thiolactone‐functional poly(dimethylsiloxane) building block with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates. Formation of the networks is triggered by the addition of an amine, of which the nucleophilicity and steric bulk control the curing kinetics. Furthermore, some of the crosslinks can be sacrificed to introduce a fluorescent group or dye via a thia‐Michael addition, without affecting the bulk mechanical properties and swelling capabilities. The obtained ACNs exhibit a unique set of properties because of their nanophase separation, resulting in hydrophilic PEG and hydrophobic PDMS phases. Hence, swelling in both water and organic solvents is observed, of which the extent can be tuned by varying the overall PEG content. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 322–333
Applying the theory of planned behavior to examine adjuvant endocrine therapy adherence intentions
Authors: Hurtado‐de‐Mendoza Alejandra , Carrera Pilar , Parrott W. Gerrod , Gómez‐Trillos Sara , Perera Robert A. , Sheppard Vanessa B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAdherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) in breast cancer survivors is suboptimal. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study aimed to identify the strongest predictors from the TPB of AET intentions and past behavior and assessed whether ambivalence and anticipatory emotions increased the predictive capacity of TPB.MethodsTwo hundred eighty women diagnosed with hormone positive (HR+) breast cancer who filled at least one prescription of AET responded to a survey measuring TPB constructs, attitudinal ambivalence, and anticipatory emotions. The outcomes were intentions to adhere to AET and past medication adherence (previous 2 weeks).ResultsThe TPB explained 66% of intentions to adhere to AET (P < 0.001). Ambivalence did not improve the TPB model's predictive value. When emotions were included with TPB, the model explained 70% of adherence intentions F11,226 = 52.84, P < 0.001 (R2c = .70). This increase of 4% in predictability was statistically significant (ΔR2 = 0.04), F6, 226 = 7.90, P < 0.001. Women who self‐reported nonadherence in the past 2 weeks differed significantly in the TPB variables, ambivalence, and anticipatory emotions from adherent women. Nonadherent participants reported lower‐future intentions to adhere F1, 236 = 5.63, P = 0.018.ConclusionsResults suggest key concepts, such as anticipatory positive emotions that should be addressed in future interventions to enhance AET adherence and survivorship.
Decreased Pseudomonas aeruginosa detection in children after separation of pediatric from adult cystic fibrosis clinics: A single center experience
Authors: Barnes Laura A. , Gaillard Philippe R. , Menk Jeremiah S. , Wey Andrew R. , Regelmann Warren E. , Demirel Nadir 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of separating the adult from pediatric patients on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeriginosa) detection in the respiratory cultures of patients was examined at the University of Minnesota CF Center.MethodsThis study was a retrospective review using data recorded in the University of Minnesota CF Database between 1995 and 2010. Respiratory culture results obtained during routine University of Minnesota Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Center. CF clinic encounters of two cohorts of pediatric and adult CF patients (pre‐ and post‐separation) were analyzed for presence of P. aeruginosa.ResultsThe odds of a pediatric patient having P. aeruginosa were significantly less if the first culture was obtained after separation of pediatric and adult clinics. Being diagnosed by newborn screening or introduction of inhaled tobramycin did not affect this outcome. This reduction in P. aeruginosa was not detected in the adult cohort.ConclusionsSeparation of pediatric and adult CF clinics has contributed to decrease in P. aeruginosa detection in pediatric patients.
From boom to bust: an operational perspective of demand bubbles
Authors: Gonçalves Paulo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhen demand exceeds supply, retailers hedge against shortages by placing multiple orders with multiple suppliers, exceeding customer demand and leading to excess capacity, excess inventory, low capacity utilization and financial losses. This paper provides a comprehensive causal loop diagram and a formal mathematical model of a subset of supplier–retailer relationships. We obtain closed‐form solutions when supplier capacity is fixed, and analyze simulation dynamics when it is variable. Sensitivity analyses provide a deeper understanding of parameters that contribute to demand bubbles and insight on improvement policies. For instance, the ability of the supplier to build capacity quickly can reduce bubble size. The time it takes retailers to perceive and react to supply availability is an important lever in controlling demand bubbles. When retailers learn of shortages with a delay, their reaction is also delayed, which stabilizes the supply chain.© 2018 System Dynamics Society
Enhanced Transfer Hydrogenation Activity of Zr‐Doped Mesoporous Silica through Sol‐Gel Method for the Reduction of Biomass‐Derived Unsaturated Carbon‐Oxygen Bonds
Authors: Zhou Yi‐Han , Luo Yu‐Jia , Lin Yu‐Ting , Huang Yao‐Bing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEfficient reduction of unsaturated functionalities of biomass derived molecules enables the production of new value‐added chemical. Herein, we reported a highly efficient and robust mesoporous silica catalyst (SBA‐15) doped with Zr metal sites for the reduction of biomass derived unsaturated molecules through transfer hydrogenation reaction. Specifically, ethyl levulinate was selected as model compound to investigate the reduction activities of the as‐prepared catalysts. An almost quantitative γ‐valerolactone (GVL) yield of 99%, through the ketone reduction and intramolecular cyclisation, was obtained at 160 °C for 18 h in the presence of hydrogenation donor 2‐Butanol (2‐BuOH). Comparative experiments among different type of Zr catalysts showed that the mesoporous structure of SBA‐15 was beneficial for maximizing the activity and the stability of the Zr sites though highly metal dispersion and metal‐chelation effect, respectively. Detailed studies on the catalyst characterization and optimization revealed the ratio of Si/Zr also affected the above reactivity. Mechanistic studies revealed that the interaction between polar C=O group was key to the reaction efficiency and poisoning experiments confirmed the existence of acid‐base sites for transfer hydrogenation process. The catalyst was also successfully recycled without much loss in reactivity. Finally, the catalyst was also applied to the reduction of a variety of unsaturated molecules with high yields.
Microstructural Refinement towards the Electrochemical Co–Deposition Recovery of Copper and Selenium
Authors: Wang Yunting , Xue Yuan , Zhang Chunhui , Mo Shengpeng , Xue Yudong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSimultaneous recovery of selenium and copper from waste sulfuric acid electrolyte is of great importance for industrial treatment of electrorefining effluents. In this study we developed a cost‐effective electrochemical co‐deposition method for recovering selenium and copper with microstructural refinement. In order to enhance the recovery ratio and to control the deposit quality, the synergistic effect of mass transfer intensification and thiourea addition towards electrochemical co‐deposition was investigated systematically. We identified that the intensified mass transfer property has a beneficial effect from the kinetic considerations of electrodeposition while oscillation issues appear with the increase of the square root of the Reynolds number (Re1/2). Furthermore, adding thiourea has an integrated effect between grain refining and kinetics frustration, which can prevent the formation of dendritic products and confine the metal ions under a highly turbulent flow. As a result, the most uniform and compact deposited products were obtained in the presence of appropriate stirring and additives with a satisfied recovery ratio.
Facilitated Lithium Storage in Hierarchical Microsphere of Cu2S‐MoS2 Ultrathin Nanosheets
Authors: Kadam Sunil R. , Kalubarme Ramchandra S. , Deshmukh Shrutika P. , Panmand Rajendra P. , Kawade Ujjwala V. , Kulkarni Milind V. , Deo Shriniwas S. , Gosavi Suresh W. , Kale Bharat B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConsidering the high energy density Lithium ion batteries have become one of the best option for next‐generation energy‐storage technologies. Transition metal chalcogenide nanomaterials are promising electrodes for Lithium‐ion batteries. Molybdenum based layered chalcogenide materials wisely studied for rechargeable Li‐ion batteries, due to its two‐dimensional (2D) layered structure and better specific capacity. The three‐dimensional (3D) synthesis of microsphere by ultrathin nanosheets is necessary for practical applications. Herein, the fabrication of a unique hierarchical 2D layered Cu2S‐MoS2 nanostructure was (ultrathin nanosheets) demonstrated via in situ assembling of two‐dimensional (2D) growths in facile solvothermal technique. The structural study reveals the existence of Cubic Cu2S and Rhombohedral MoS2 phase. Morphological study by FESEM and TEM shows unique ultrathin nanosheets of ∼10 nm thickness self‐assembled in the form of layered microsphere. In Li‐ion storage testing, Cu2S‐MoS2 electrode exhibited good specific discharge capacity of 651 mAhg−1at 50 mAg−1 applied current and maintained 320 mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. The facilitated advanced electrochemical performance attributed to layered ultrathin Cu2S‐MoS2 composite nanosheets.
Fluorescence Sensors for Fe3+ Ion with High Selectivity and Sensitivity and Bioimaging in Living Cells
Authors: Xue Kun , Wang Peng , Dong Wenling , Luo Xiaohan , Cheng Pengfei , Xu Kuoxi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwo fluorescence sensors L1 and L2 were designed and synthesized. They exhibited fluorescence emission at 570 nm in DMSO/H2O (Tris buffer, pH=7.4, v/v=5: 1). The sensors L1 and L2 displayed excellent sensitivity specific toward Fe3+ in comparison to other environmentally important metal ions, including Fe2+ ions, and the detection limit was as low as 5.11×10−8 M. Furthermore, living PC‐12 cell imaging experiments indicated that the sensors L1 and L2 were cell‐permeable and they could be used to detect intracellular Fe3+ ions.
Top management team nationality diversity, corporate entrepreneurship, and innovation in multinational firms
Authors: Boone Christophe , Lokshin Boris , Guenter Hannes , Belderbos René 
Published: October 2018

Research SummaryWe integrate insights from upper echelon theory and the literature on innovation and multinational corporations (MNCs) to develop a framework explaining when and why nationality diversity in top management teams (TMTs) affects corporate entrepreneurship—as evidenced by diversity in global knowledge sourcing—and through this innovation performance in MNCs. In a panel of 165 manufacturing MNCs based in 20 countries, we confirm that the positive effects of TMT nationality diversity on corporate entrepreneurship and innovation are only unleashed in TMTs with low social stratification and in MNCs located in home countries that are low in national power distance. Our study contributes to opening up the black box of the upper echelon's strategic role in spurring entrepreneurship and innovation in MNCs embedded in different cultures.Managerial SummaryThe internationalization of TMTs in MNCs has been increasing in response to the globalization of markets and sources of knowledge. In this study, we examine under what circumstances MNCs that have TMTs comprised of executives with diverse nationalities exhibit stronger innovation performance. Analysis of leading corporations from 20 countries over a period of 10 years reveals that MNCs with diverse TMTs engage more in corporate entrepreneurship and subsequently see increased innovation performance—but only when these TMTs are operating in environments characterized by equal distribution of power and low hierarchy. The findings underscore the important role of corporate headquarters and TMT composition in the strategic management of modern MNCs.
Concise Review: Modulating Cancer Immunity with Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Wildes Tyler J. , Flores Catherine T. , Mitchell Duane A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are the progenitor cells that can regenerate the entire blood compartment, including the immune system. Recent studies have unearthed considerable immune-modulating potential of these cells. They can migrate through chemotactic gradients, differentiate into functional immune cells, and crosstalk with immune cells during infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Although the primary role of HSPCs during solid malignancies is considered immunosuppressive, recent studies have discovered immune-activating HSPCs and progeny. In this review, we will discuss the recent evidence that HSPCs act as immunomodulators during solid cancers and highlight the future directions of discovery. Stem Cells 2019;37:166–175