bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streptomyces sp. MUM273b: A mangrove‐derived potential source for antioxidant and UVB radiation protectants
Authors: Tan Loh Teng‐Hern , Mahendra Camille Keisha , Yow Yoon‐Yen , Chan Kok‐Gan , Khan Tahir Mehmood , Lee Learn‐Han , Goh Bey‐Hing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicrobial natural products serve as a good source for antioxidants. The mangrove‐derived Streptomyces bacteria have been evidenced to produce antioxidative compounds. This study reports the isolation of Streptomyces sp. MUM273b from mangrove soil that may serve as a promising source of antioxidants and UV‐protective agents. Identification and characterization methods determine that strain MUM273b belongs to the genus Streptomyces. The MUM273b extract exhibits antioxidant activities, including DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide radical scavenging activities and also metal‐chelating activity. The MUM273b extract was also shown to inhibit the production of malondialdehyde in metal‐induced lipid peroxidation. Strong correlation between the antioxidant activities and the total phenolic content of MUM273b extract was shown. In addition, MUM273b extract exhibited cytoprotective effect on the UVB‐induced cell death in HaCaT keratinocytes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis detected phenolics, pyrrole, pyrazine, ester, and cyclic dipeptides in MUM273b extract. In summary, Streptomyces MUM273b extract portrays an exciting avenue for future antioxidative drugs and cosmeceuticals development.
Helical polysaccharides
Authors: Fittolani Giulio , Seeberger Peter H. , Delbianco Martina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn analogy to polypeptides and polynucleotides, polysaccharides tend to form helical secondary structures, as well as higher hierarchical assemblies. Nevertheless, the conformation of polysaccharides in solution remains in most cases elusive due to their intrinsic complexity and lack of analytical techniques. In this review, we discuss the different helical shapes adopted by polysaccharides, with particular focus on how the helical character is exploited to form supramolecular assemblies, such as inclusion complexes with linear guest molecules and co‐helices with polynucleotide strands. Several methodologies are used to tune the polysaccharides conformation, ranging from ion‐mediated coil‐helix transition to chemical synthesis of well‐defined compounds with specific modifications. The latter provides ideal tailor‐made probes for structural studies, with the aim to correlate their three‐dimensional structure and the macroscopic properties. Applications of oligosaccharides with defined shapes in molecular recognition and catalysis are envisioned.
A Comparison of Self‐Reported Unmet Healthcare Needs among Adaptive and Able‐Bodied Athletes
Authors: Ramey Lindsay , Hayano Todd , Blatz Daniel , Gedman Marissa , Blauwet Cheri 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundStudies have revealed a higher incidence of injury and illness among elite adaptive athletes when compared to able‐bodied athletes in competition. However, individuals with disabilities report poorer access to health care.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to identify differences in healthcare access, satisfaction, and unmet needs between recreational adaptive and able‐bodied athletes in all sports and within a single sport (hockey).DesignCross‐sectional, survey‐based study.SettingRecreation sports programs in Boston, MA and Chicago, IL.ParticipantsAdult, recreational, competitive adaptive, and able‐bodied athletes.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome Measure(s)The Short‐Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ‐18) for healthcare access and satisfaction; percentage of athletes reporting unmet sports‐related healthcare needs in the prior year.ResultsSixty adaptive athletes (78% male, age 35.7 ± 12.4 years) and 65 able‐bodied athletes (40% male, age 34.9 ± 11.9 years) participated. Mean access and satisfaction scores were not significantly different between groups in all sports (P = .53 and P = .19, respectively) or hockey (P = .28 and P = .55, respectively). Unmet needs were more commonly reported among adaptive athletes (18.3% all sports, 20.0% hockey) as compared to able‐bodied athletes (9.2% all sports, 4.0% hockey). This reached statistical significance in the hockey group (P = .03), but not all sports (P = .12).ConclusionsNo differences were seen between groups in healthcare access or satisfaction scores. Adaptive athletes of the same sport reported a higher rate of unmet sports‐related healthcare needs but with few doctor's visits in the preceding year, suggesting discrepancies in expectations and healthcare‐seeking behavior.Level of EvidenceIII
Analysis of carbon‐carbon bonding in small hydrocarbons and dicarbon using dynamic orbital forces: Bond energies and sigma/pi partition. Comparison with sila compounds
Authors: Fuster Franck , Chaquin Patrick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe CC bonding is analyzed using dynamic orbital forces (DOF) in the series cyclopropane‐ethane‐ benzene‐ethylene‐acetylene. The sum Σ(DOF)t of the DOF over occupied molecular orbitals (MOs) is found linearly correlated to bond energies and thus can be used as a tool for determination of CC bond strength. A partition of bonding into σ and π components indicates a weakening of the σ bonding along the series, mainly due to the decrease of the bonding character of the highest σ MO. For C2 molecule, Σ(DOF) t was computed taking into account the four dominant configurations. On the basis of the preceding correlation, the C2 bond was found about 15 kcal/mol weaker than that of acetylene, with a 25% σ participation; the bond order of C2 can be evaluated at about 2.8 if we assume bond orders of 3 for acetylene and 2 for ethylene. Some sila homologs of the preceding carbon compounds have been studied. They exhibit characteristics generally close to the carbon compounds. A quite good correlation between Σ(DOF)t and bond energies is also observed.
Quasi‐polynomial mixing of critical two‐dimensional random cluster models
Authors: Gheissari Reza , Lubetzky Eyal 
Published: June 2019

We study the Glauber dynamics for the random cluster (FK) model on the torus with parameters (p,q), for q ∈ (1,4] and p the critical point pc. The dynamics is believed to undergo a critical slowdown, with its continuous‐time mixing time transitioning from for p ≠ pc to a power‐law in n at p = pc. This was verified at p ≠ pc by Blanca and Sinclair, whereas at the critical p = pc, with the exception of the special integer points q = 2,3,4 (where the model corresponds to the Ising/Potts models) the best‐known upper bound on mixing was exponential in n. Here we prove an upper bound of at p = pc for all q ∈ (1,4], where a key ingredient is bounding the number of nested long‐range crossings at criticality.
A model of owner estimate cost for software development project in Indonesia
Authors: Sholiq  , Subriadi Apol Pribadi , Muqtadiroh Feby Artwodini , Dewi Renny Sari 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop a model of owner estimate cost of software development projects. The model consists of three main components, namely, personnel direct costs, nonpersonnel direct costs, and taxes. Personnel direct costs are obtained by using the use case points (UCP) method that has been advanced. Initially, UCP was utilized to calculate the effort required to complete the software project. In this study, UCP was institutionalized to obtain personnel direct costs by distributing the acquired effort into each activity in a project. Further, the effort per activity is multiplied by the pay rate for each activity. Personnel direct costs are resulted by adding up the cost of all activities. The experiment has been conducted on nine software development projects in which the model is applied to get the estimated cost calculation.
A formal approach to automatically analyse extra‐functional properties in mobile applications
Authors: Rosario Espada Ana , del Mar Gallardo Maria , Salmerón Alberto , Panizo Laura , Merino Pedro 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper presents an integrated approach for testing mobile applications (apps) against a set of extra‐functional properties to be used by app developers. The approach starts with the (manual or automatic) extraction of the interaction model, that is, a formal model of the potential user interactions with the app. The model is constructed to allow a model checking tool to exhaustively extract the so‐called app user flows, that is, the sequences of user actions, that constitute the test cases. In the final step, the app user flows are executed on the app running on real devices. The resulting execution traces are enriched with different measures and verified against a set of extra‐functional properties of interest. The approach has been adapted to analyse several applications running at the same time with several devices supporting the applications. This paper presents the definition and formalization of both the modelling language for the interaction model and the specification language to represent the extra‐functional properties. It also describes a methodology for automatically extracting the model. Finally, it presents an implementation focused on Android apps, which is integrated in the TRIANGLE testing framework, and the evaluation of the approach. © 2019 The Authors. Software Testing, Verification & Reliability Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Wandering among Dehnhardt's gums: The cold case of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) and other nomenclatural notes on Eucalyptus
Authors: Del Guacchio Emanuele , Bean Anthony Russell , Sibilio Giancarlo , De Luca Adriana , De Castro Olga , Caputo Paolo 
Published: June 2019

In this contribution, we treat all the names in the genus Eucalyptus published by F. Dehnhardt, including the much‐discussed E. camaldulensis. Current opinion would suggest that Dehnhardt applied this name to a plant different from that to which the name has commonly been applied. Hence, E. camaldulensis was conserved with a conserved type. Despite this, we show that Dehnhardt's original description clearly applies to the modern delimitation of E. camaldulensis subsp. camaldulensis and that conservation of the name was not necessary. Two names are neotypified on the basis of material preserved in NAP and W: E. gigantea, and E. procera. These two names are confirmed to be synonyms of other currently accepted names. Eucalyptus pulchella (of which E. linearis is a synonym) is also neotypified. A second‐step lectotypification is provided for E. globulus.
Performance and wake of a Savonius vertical‐axis wind turbine under different incoming conditions
Authors: Aliferis Alexander D. , Jessen Marius Stette , Bracchi Tania , Hearst R. Jason 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, the performance, drag, and horizontal midplane wake characteristics of a vertical‐axis Savonius wind turbine are investigated experimentally. The turbine is drag driven and has a helical configuration, with the top rotated 180° relative to the bottom. Both performance and wake measurements were conducted in four different inflow conditions, using Reynolds numbers of ReD≈1.6×105 and ReD≈2.7×105 and turbulence intensities of 0.6% and 5.7%. The efficiency of the turbine was found to be highly dependent on the Reynolds number of the incoming flow. In the high Reynolds number flow case, the efficiency was shown to be considerably higher, compared with the lower Reynolds number case. Increasing the incoming turbulence intensity was found to mitigate the Reynolds number effects. The drag of the turbine was shown to be independent of the turbine's rotational speed over the range tested, and it was slightly lower when the inflow turbulence was increased. The wake was captured for the described inflow conditions in both optimal and suboptimal operating conditions by varying the rotational speed of the turbine. The wake was found to be asymmetrical and deflected to the side where the blade moves opposite to the wind. The largest region of high turbulent kinetic energy was on the side where the blade is moving in the same direction as the wind. Based on the findings from the wake measurements, some recommendations on where to place supplementary turbines are made.
Financial Stability and Housing Markets in Large Cities: What Role for Macroprudential Policy?
Authors: Lo Duca Marco , Nicoletti-Altimari Sergio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn recent years, house prices in large cities increased sharply in many euro area countries and around the world. A role for macroprudential policy in addressing vulnerabilities can be motivated by the systemic importance of large cities (e.g. in terms of contribution to real estate activity, concentration of bank exposures and share of urban population), at least in some countries, and by the important spillover effects of house price dynamics to the rest of the country. Nevertheless, a number of factors suggest limits to the effectiveness of macroprudential policy in addressing vulnerabilities in large cities. These factors include data gaps, interactions with other policy domains, global factors and foreign investors, and limited effectiveness of some instruments due to potential leakages. Despite these limitations, macroprudential policy can still play a role by adopting communication strategies to raise awareness on risks and by taking measures to prevent disruptions in the financial system when credit risk materialise. The latter policy objective can be met by using capital measures, improving lending standards and limiting bank exposures to geographical areas or specific borrowers.
A Tale of Two Cities: Is Overvaluation a Capital Issue?
Authors: Muellbauer John 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEmpirical evidence on what drives house prices, such as income changes, extrapolative expectations and differences in supply elasticities, is important. In many countries, house price movements in major cities such as the capital are more extreme and often seem to lead the rest of the country. This chapter therefore proposes a framework for analysing prices at a regional level, with an application to London illustrating its leading role and the ripple effect in other UK regions. As is also shown for Paris, capital cities are more sensitive to interest rates and credit conditions, and international investors can play an important role (perhaps leading to affordability problems for local residents). After the crisis, debt-to-income ratios have risen strongly which, together with the higher interest rate sensitivity of housing in cities, may impede the normalisation of interest rates.
The Macroeconomic Implications of Housing Supply Restrictions
Authors: Glaeser Edward L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHousing supply restrictions, including historic preservation policies, minimum lot sizes and height limitations, are typically approached with static Pigouvian tools, but these policies also have dynamic implications. Restricted supply will typically make quantities, which determine construction employment, less volatile, and prices, which determine financial stability, more volatile. A prominent exception occurs when supply-unconstrained areas build so much during a boom that construction halts during the bust, and in that case, elastic supply can be associated with both price volatility and a limited ability to use credit instruments to boost employment during a bust. As institutions with counter-cyclical missions grapple with housing policies, they must recognize that housing regulation interacts with monetary policy, and that reforming housing policy may have implications for the business cycle.
Effect of typhaneoside on ventricular remodeling and regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Zhang X. , Yang K. , Zhang H. , Dong W. , Peng W. , Zhao Y. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the effect of typhaneoside on ventricular remodeling and regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR autophagy transduction pathway in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction.

Methods
The effects of typhaneoside on the general condition of rats were observed in vivo using a rat model of heart failure after myocardial infarction had been established. The expression of serum N‑terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), matrix lysin 2 (ST2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 was detected via ELISA. A hypoxia/reoxygenation model was established to analyze the number and morphology of autophagosomes in vitro by transmission electron microscopy. Light chain 3 (LC3) variations were detected by immunofluorescence. Western blotting was used to assess LC3-II/LC3-I and p62 expression as well as p‑Akt/Akt, p‑mTOR/mTOR ratios.

Results
Compared with the sham group, the general condition scores of the rats in the model group decreased significantly, while the expression of serum NT-proBNP, ST2, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-2, and MMP-9 increased. The number of autophagosomes in the drug-containing serum group was significantly reduced and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was significantly decreased. The expression of P62 protein was increased, and the ratios of p‑Akt/Akt and p‑mTOR/mTOR were significantly increased.

Conclusion
Typhaneoside regulates IL-6 and TNF-α as well as MMP-2 and MMP-9 in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction. Typhaneoside can improve cardiac morphological structure and myocardial remodeling and enhance heart function. It may mediate autophagy inhibition in the cardiomyocyte anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) pathway through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR autophagy transduction pathway.
The brightness dimension as a marker of gender across cultures and age
Authors: Sebastián-Enesco Carla , Semin Gün R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUniversally, female skin color is lighter than male skin color, irrespective of geographical location. This difference is a distinctive and universal adaptive pattern that emerges after puberty. We address whether this sexual dimorphism is cognitively and culturally represented to ground gender. To this end, we examine a non-Western, non-industrialized population, namely the Wichí (Salta, Argentina) and a Western industrialized population (Spain). The two cultural populations included both adults and prepubescent children. Across two experiments, we utilized a novel task with children and adults who had to make a choice for a female (male) target person between two identical objects that differed only in terms of their brightness. The results in both experiments revealed that the children from the two cultural communities choose a lighter colored object for the female target and a darker version of the same object for the male target. This pattern held across cultures irrespective of the age of participants, except for the male Wichí participants. We discuss how sexual dimorphism in skin color contributes to a universal grounding of the gender category, and advance possible explanations as to why Wichi males did not consistently link gender and brightness.
Prebiotics: tools to manipulate the gut microbiome and metabolome
Authors: Enam Fatima , Mansell Thomas J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe human gut is an ecosystem comprising trillions of microbes interacting with the host. The composition of the microbiota and their interactions play roles in different biological processes and in the development of human diseases. Close relationships between dietary modifications, microbiota composition and health status have been established. This review focuses on prebiotics, or compounds which selectively encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria, their mechanisms of action and benefits to human hosts. We also review advances in synthesis technology for human milk oligosaccharides, part of one of the most well-characterized prebiotic–probiotic relationships. Current and future research in this area points to greater use of prebiotics as tools to manipulate the microbial and metabolic diversity of the gut for the benefit of human health.
Socioecological risk factors associated with teen pregnancy or birth for young men: A scoping review
Authors: Fasula Amy M. , Chia Victoria , Murray Colleen Crittenden , Brittain Anna , Tevendale Heather , Koumans Emilia H. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionTeen pregnancy prevention typically focuses on young women, overlooking the unique prevention needs of young men. Identifying factors associated with teen pregnancy for young men is essential to developing relevant and effective programming.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of studies with findings on factors associated with pregnancies/birth specific to young men. We searched Scopus, OVID, and PubMed databases for peer‐reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2015. We reviewed 1750 articles for inclusion of studies conducted in the United States with a sample size greater than 200 that assessed the effect of factors on teen pregnancy/birth using multivariate, male‐specific analyses. Two coders abstracted 48 articles (having established 80% reliability with 10% of the articles). We grouped study variables into factors and used a matrix to summarize findings for each factor. During analysis, 29 articles were excluded for a final sample of 19 articles, each describing a separate study.ResultsStudy settings included households, healthcare organizations, schools, neighborhoods, and correctional facilities. Factors showing associations with teen pregnancy/birth included: experiencing childhood abuse; engaging in serious or repeated delinquent behaviors; substance abuse; having a teen parent; serious family disruption; not living with either parent; and Hispanic ethnicity. No studies assessed knowledge and attitudes about contraceptive methods, or access and use of clinical services; and few assessed relationship factors (n = 4) or gender and power (n = 1).ConclusionsFactors related to disadvantaged social contexts were associated with teen pregnancy/birth. Resilience‐based research may identify protective factors to support vulnerable families and youth.
Role of estradiol in mediation of etomidate‐caused seizure‐like activity in neonatal rats
Authors: Yang Chunyao , Li Changsheng , Sun Jing , Lu Xihua 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to investigate the effect of estradiol in mediation of electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormality induced by etomidate in neonatal rats.MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats were anesthetized using intraperitoneal etomidate for 2 h on postnatal days (P) 4, 5, or 6 and recorded electroencephalogram in two ways. First, pups were recorded EEG two and a half hours under etomidate anesthesia, in subgroups, estradiol receptor antagonist ICI182780 and estradiol synthase inhibitor formestane were given subcutaneously in male rats 15 min prior to etomidate. Second, pups were anesthetized with etomidate for 2 h on P4,5 or 6 and then recovered from anesthesia, EEG were recorded for one hour in two postnatal periods of P9‐P11 and P14‐P16. Subgroup rats that received bumetanide, NKCC1 inhibitor, to test the NKCC1‐GABAAR signaling effect on neonatal brain development, negative control groups and maternally separated for 2 h on P4, 5, or 6 were studied in 16 groups. Each group's n was = 8.ResultsMale pups showed more severe seizure‐like activities than female pups in P4‐P6 under etomidate anesthesia. Pups pretreated with ICI182780 and formestane showed a less abnormalities of EEG in male rats. Etomidate caused seizure‐like activity in P4‐P6 could extend to P9‐P11, but not seen in P14‐P16, Pretreated with bumetanide only alleviated abnormalities in male pups other than female in P9‐P11.ConclusionsEstradiol involves in the NKCC1‐GABAAR mediated seizure‐like activity caused by etomidte in neonatal rats and these the abnormality lasts near two weeks.