bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KLASIFIKASI INTI SEL PAP SMEAR BERDASARKAN ANALISIS TEKSTUR MENGGUNAKAN CORRELATION-BASED FEATURE SELECTION BERBASIS ALGORITMA C4.5
Authors: Arifin Toni 
Published: May 2018

Abstract - Pap Smear is an early examination to diagnose whether there’s indication cervical cancer or not, the process of observations were done by observing pap smear cell under the microscope. There’s so many research has been done to differentiate between normal and abnormal cell. In this research presents a classification of pap smear cell based on texture analysis. This research is using the Harlev image which amounts to 280 images, 140 images are used as training data and 140 images other are used as testing. On the texture analysis used Gray level Co-occurance Matrix (GLCM) method with 5 parameters that is correlation, energy, homogeneity and entropy added by counting the value of brightness. For choose which the best attribute used correlation-based feature selection method and than used C45 algorithm for produce classification rule. The result accuracy of the classification normal and abnormal used decision tree C45 is 96,43% and errors in predicting is 3,57%.
Keywords : Classification, Pap Smear cell image, texture analysis, Correlation-based feature selection, C45 algorithm.

Abstrak - Pap Smear merupakan pemeriksaan dini untuk mendiagnosa apakah ada indikasi kanker serviks atau tidak, proses pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengamati sel pap smear dibawah mikroskop. Banyak penelitian yang telah dilakukan untuk membedakan antara sel normal dan abnormal. Dalam penelitian ini menyajikan klasifikasi inti sel pap smear berdasarkan analisis tektur. Citra yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah citra Harlev yang berjumlah 280 citra, 140 citra digunakan sebagai data training dan 140 citra lain digunakan sebagai testing. Pada analisis tekstur mengunakan metode Gray level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) menggunakan 5 parameter yaitu korelasi, energi, homogenitas dan entropi ditambah dengan menghitung nilai brightness. Untuk memilih mana atribut terbaik digunakan metode correlation-based feature selection lalu digunakan algoritma C45 untuk menghasikan rule klasifikasi. akurasi yang dihasilkan dari klasifikasi normal dan abnormal yang menggunakan decision tree C45 adalah 96,43% dan kesalahan dalam memprediksi adalah 3,57%.
Kata Kunci: Klasifikasi, Citra sel Pap Smear, Analisis tekstur, Correlation-based feature selection, Algoritma C45.
Synthesis and Characterization of nZVI Grafted Alumina and Its Application for Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water: Equilibrium and Kinetics Study
Authors: Agarwal Madhu , Dubey Swati , Bisht Renu 
Published: May 2018

In the present study attempt was made to synthesize iron nanoparticles in the presence of alumina (Al-nZVI) by sodium borohydride reduction process. The composite adsorbent has been characterized using various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy which showed that iron nanoparticles were partially dispersed on alumina surface, with their diameter being in the range 40–100 nm. The batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effect of different parameters. The maximum removal of fluoride was obtained at optimal condition of pH 5.0 and dose = 1.8 g/L and was observed to be 94% with contact time of 60 min at 40 °C and initial concentration of 2 mg/L. The adsorption data fitted that pseudo second order kinetics and followed Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 10.06 mg/g. Thermodynamic study revealed exothermic nature of adsorption.
As a Matter of Force—Systematic Biases in Idealized Turbulence Simulations
Authors: Grete Philipp , O’Shea Brian W. , Beckwith Kris 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Many astrophysical systems encompass very large dynamical ranges in space and time, which are not accessible by direct numerical simulations. Thus, idealized subvolumes are often used to study small-scale effects including the dynamics of turbulence. These turbulent boxes require an artificial driving in order to mimic energy injection from large-scale processes. In this Letter, we show and quantify how the autocorrelation time of the driving and its normalization systematically change the properties of an isothermal compressible magnetohydrodynamic flow in the sub- and supersonic regime and affect astrophysical observations such as Faraday rotation. For example, we find that δ-in-time forcing with a constant energy injection leads to a steeper slope in kinetic energy spectrum and less-efficient small-scale dynamo action. In general, we show that shorter autocorrelation times require more power in the acceleration field, which results in more power in compressive modes that weaken the anticorrelation between density and magnetic field strength. Thus, derived observables, such as the line-of-sight (LOS) magnetic field from rotation measures, are systematically biased by the driving mechanism. We argue that δ-in-time forcing is unrealistic and numerically unresolved, and conclude that special care needs to be taken in interpreting observational results based on the use of idealized simulations.
Decolourization of Direct Blue 2 by peroxidases obtained from an industrial soybean waste
Authors: Miranda-Mandujano E , Moeller-Chávez G , Villegas-Rosas O , Buitrón Germán , Garzón-Zúñiga MA 
Published: May 2018

In this work the decolourization of Direct Blue 2 dye (DB2) using an industrial soybean waste as a source of peroxidases was studied. Temperature, pH, amount of H2O2 and concentration of dye were evaluated to determine the maximum catalytic activity of the enzyme during the dye degradation process. It was observed that a temperature of 40°C, a pH of 5 and a concentration of 40 mg/L for the dye in aqueous phase, play a significant role in the overall enzyme-mediated reaction. The maximum decolourization efficiency achieved under optimal conditions was 70% ± 4%. HPLC studies were carried out to confirm dye degradation and analyse the intermediate metabolites. The oxidation products quantified during the reaction were benzidine and 4 aminobiphenyl. Also, an increase in toxicity, determined by Vibrio fisheri, was observed after the enzymatic oxidation of the dye. Results suggest that the oxidation of DB2 with peroxidases can be recommended as a pretreatment step before a conventional treatment process.
Influence of temperature on the performance of anaerobic treatment systems of municipal wastewater
Authors: Dos Santos Silvânia Lucas , Chaves Sílvia Raphaele Morais , Van Haandel Adrianus 
Published: May 2018

Anaerobic sewage treatment systems, especially upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, have found wide application over the past decades, particularly in regions with a warm climate. A low sewage temperature is generally considered as a factor contributing to poor performance, characterized by an increase of the COD fractions in the effluent and the generated sludge, and decreasing the fraction that is transformed into methane. An experimental investigation was carried out at pilot scale to establish the values of the three COD fractions for different values of temperature and the applied organic load. The sludge age of the anaerobic treatment, together with temperature, was identified as the main operational variable that affects the efficiency of anaerobic treatment. An empirical expression was derived for the values of the three factions as a function of these two variables. From the results of the experimental investigation it was apparent that there is no point in applying a sludge age of more than 100 d, when the reactor is near its best performance. An expression was derived to establish the hydraulic retention time for maximum digestion efficiency as a function of temperature, concentration and composition of organic material and sludge mass. It was established that the main limit to the sludge hold-up in UASB reactors treating sewage is not the sludge settleability, but rather the break-up of flocs leading to loss of small, poorly-settling particles.
Partition distribution of selected organochlorine pesticides in water, sediment pore water and surface sediment from uMngeni River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Gakuba E , Moodley B , Ndungu P , Birungi G 
Published: May 2018

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analysed in surface water, pore water and surface sediment samples collected from the uMngeni River, which is one of the largest rivers in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Liquid-liquid extraction was used to extract the analytes from water and pore water samples and soxhlet extraction was used to extract sediment samples with subsequent florisil clean-up and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Twelve selected OCPs were analysed and their total concentrations were found to range from 8.04–21.06 ng/mL, 36.06–188.43 ng/mL and 148.17–554.73 ng/g in unfiltered surface water, unfiltered pore water and surface sediment (dry weight (dw)), respectively. The results indicated that the concentrations of these selected pesticides were far higher in sediment (72%) than in pore water (25%) and water (3%). The most polluted sites were Northern Wastewater Treatment influent (NWTI) for water (Σ12 OCP = 19.41 ± 1.43 ng/mL) and Northern Wastewater Treatment effluent (NWTE) for pore water (Σ12 OCP = 166.23 ± 7.16 ng/mL) and sediment (Σ12 OCP = 495.21 ± 32.38 ng/g). The most abundant individual OCPs and their average concentrations in general in the river were p,p′-DDE in unfiltered water (1.62 ±0.22 ng/mL) and unfiltered sediment pore water (17.09 ±7.96 ng/mL), and endrin in surface sediment (55.57 ± 19.01 ng/g, dw).
De ILO en het Nederlandse arbeidsrecht
Authors: van der Heijden Paul F. 
Published: May 2018

De ILO en het Nederlandse arbeidsrecht
De ILO bestaat in 2019 honderd jaar. Nederland is vanaf het begin lid geweest van deze tripartite internationale organisatie, die na 1945 onder de paraplu van de Verenigde Naties is komen te vallen.Nederland heeft zich doorgaans opgesteld als een actief en betrokken lid; het heeft in vergelijking met andere lidstaten veel ILO-verdragen geratificeerd, te weten 106.Met dit grote aantal ratificaties heeft de ILO relatief grote impact gehad op het Nederlands arbeidsrecht.Er waren ‘kwesties’ met de ILO over onder meer de loonpolitiek, de sterkte van de Arbeidsinspectie, het ontslagrecht en de vakbondsvrijheid.Opvallend is dat Nederland ILO-verdrag 158 over het ontslagrecht niet heeft geratificeerd.Op terreinen waar veel overheidsgeld mee gemoeid is, zoals bijvoorbeeld de loonpolitiek, de sterkte van de Arbeidsinspectie of de sociale zekerheid, leeft de Nederlandse overheid pas na veel tijdsverloop en druk van de ILO de aangegane verplichtingen na.
Medezeggenschap tijdens faillissement
Authors: Bouwens W.H.A.C.M. 
Published: May 2018

Medezeggenschap tijdens faillissement
De auteur bespreekt de vraag of de curator na faillissement advies moet vragen aan de ondernemingsraad wanneer hij wil overgaan tot verkoop van de activa van de onderneming en tot ontslag van het aldaar werkzame personeel. Hij onderwerpt het standpunt van de Hoge Raad over deze problematiek aan een kritische analyse. Voor het oordeel dat de ondernemingsraad geen adviesrecht toekomt wanneer de onderneming wordt geliquideerd, ziet hij geen wettelijke basis. Deze beperking staat bovendien op gespannen voet met het Europese recht. Voorts is de curator bij een doorstart van de onderneming in ieder geval gehouden advies te vragen wanneer sprake is van een overgang van een onderneming in de zin van Richtlijn 2001/23/EG. Met betrekking tot de formele voorschriften van de Wet op de ondernemingsraden moet de curator bovendien in het oog houden dat het Europese recht ook zekere eisen stelt aan het informatie- en consultatietraject. Ten slotte staat de auteur stil bij de consequenties van schending van de WOR door de curator, ook voor de mogelijkheden van individuele werknemers om op te komen tegen de opzegging van hun arbeidsovereenkomst.
Quantification and Discrimination of in Vitro Regeneration Swertia nervosa at Different Growth Periods using the UPLC/UV Coupled with Chemometric Method
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Ji , Zuo Zhitian , Huang Hengyu , Wang Yuanzhong 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background: Swertia nervosa (Wall. ex G. Don) C. B. Clarke, a promising traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of liver disorders, is endangered due to its extensive collection and unsustainable harvesting practices. Objective: The aim of this study is to discuss the diversity of metabolites (loganic acid, sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside) at different growth stages and organs of Swertia nervosa using the ultra-high-performance LC (UPLC)/UV coupled with chemometric method. Methods: UPLC data, UV data, and data fusion were treated separately to find more useful information by partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), an unsupervised method, was then employed for validating the results from PLS-DA. Results: Three strategies displayed different chemical information associated with the sample discrimination. UV information mainly contributed to the classification of different organs; UPLC information was prominently responsible for both organs and growth periods; the data fusion did not perform with apparent superiority compared with single data analysis, although it provided useful information to differentiate leaves that could not be recognized by UPLC. The quantification result showed that the content of swertiamarin was the highest compared with the other three metabolites, especially in leaves at the rooted stage (19.57 ± 5.34 mg/g). Therefore, we speculated that interactive transformations occurred among these four metabolites, facilitated by root formation. Conclusions: This work will contribute to exploitation of bioactive compounds of S. nervosa, as well as its large-scale propagation. Highlights: The roots formation may influence the distribution and accumulation of metabolites.
Development of Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strips for Micropollutant Screening Using Colorants of Aptamer-Functionalized Nanogold Particles, Part II: Experimental Verification with Aflatoxin B1 and Chloramphenicol
Authors: Zhang Shan , Zhao Shuai , Wang Sai , Liu Jiahui , Dong Yiyang 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Lateral flow immunochromatographic strips based on colorants of aptamer-functionalized nanogold particles were developed for the detection of micropollutants aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and chloramphenicol (CAP). The lateral flow immunochromatographic strip was based on a competitive reaction of thiolated-aptamer between micropollutants and bio-DNA probe-streptavidin as capture material immobilized at the test line. General crucial parameters that might influence the sensitivity have been systematically investigated. To test the effectiveness and applicability of the optimized conditions, two structurally unrelated micropollutants, that is, AFB1 and CAP, were chosen for detection. In the present study, lateral flow immunochromatographic strips for AFB1 and CAP analysis by combining the high selectivity and affinity of aptamers with the unique optical properties of nanogold in municipal water samples were reported for the first time. With the optimized conditions, the immunochromatographic strip showed a visual LOD of 10 ppb and a quantitative LOD of 1.05 ppb using an immunochromatographic reader for AFB1 detection and a quantitative LOD of 63.4 ppb using an immunochromatographic reader for CAP detection. Furthermore, the sensitive strip provided a good linear detection range of approximately 0–50 ppm for AFB1 detection and a wider liner detection range of approximately 0–160 ppm for CAP detection. Moreover, the immunochromatographic strip provided recovery rates for water samples of 90–110% in the AFB1 analysis and 84–108% in the CAP analysis. The results demonstrated that the immunochromatographic strip has excellent potential for wide applicability and verified that the strip methods for the optimized conditions are applicable to a variety of micropollutants. The lateral flow immunochromatographic strip could be used as a simple, rapid, and efficient screening tool for rapid on-site detection of a variety of micropollutants.
Chromatographic Analysis of Textile Dyes
Authors: Simion Beldean-Galea Mihail , Copaciu Florina-Maria , Coman Maria-Virginia 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The textile industry uses many raw materials (natural and synthetic dyes and fibers) and different dyeing techniques that can be considered important pollutants with a negative impact on the environment (toxic working conditions, discharged wastewater, and contamination). Although synthetic dyes are intensively used, offer a wide range of colors and hues and properties of adhesion, longevity, and resistance to sunshine and chemical processes, and are cost-effective, they have begun to be restricted by many textile producers because they are nonbiodegradable and have toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects that generate some imbalances in plant, animal, and human life. Natural dyes of plant and animal origin exhibit very good tolerance to washing, rubbing, and light and are biodegradable and nontoxic; these properties have led to a call for the renewed use of these dyes. Modern analytical techniques (solid-phase extraction, spectrophotometry, HPLC, HPTLC, capillary electrophoresis) with different spectroscopy (UV-Vis, diode-array detection, pulsed amperometric detection) and/or MS/tandem mass spectrometry detectors have an important role in the textile industry in obtaining essential information about dyeing techniques, material origin, historical trade routes of ancient textiles, and environmental pollution. For this purpose, isolation, separation, and quantification methods of natural and synthetic textile dyes from various matrices (ancient and modern fabrics, water, biota, etc.) are presented.
Validation of the BetaStar® Advanced for Tetracyclines Test Kit for the Screening of Bulk Tank and Tanker Truck Milks for the Presence of Tetracycline Drug Residues
Authors: Ankrapp David , Schaus Benjamin , Clements Lauren , Klein Frank , Rice Jennifer , Rejman John J , Boison Joe , Kijak Philip , Shelver Weilin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A validation study was conducted for an immunochromatographic method (BetaStar® Advanced for Tetracyclines) for detection of tetracycline antibiotic residues in raw, commingled bovine milk. The assay was demonstrated to detect tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline at levels below the FDA tolerance levels but above the maximum sensitivity thresholds established by the National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments. Results of internal and independent laboratory dose-response studies employing spiked samples were in agreement. All three drugs at the approximate 90/95% sensitivity levels were detected in milk collected from cows that had been treated with the specific drug. Selectivity of the assay was 100%, as no false-positive results were obtained in testing 881 control milk samples. Testing the estimated 90/95 sensitivity level for tetracycline (213 ppb), chlortetracycline (272 ppb), and oxytetracycline (180 ppb) and at 1000 ppb for each antibiotic resulted in 100% positive tests for each tetracycline. Results of ruggedness experiments established the operating parameter tolerances for the test. Results of cross-reactivity testing established that the assay detects certain other tetracycline drugs but does not cross-react with any of 32 drugs belonging to seven different drug classes. Abnormally high bacterial or somatic cell counts (SCC) in raw milk produced no assay interference.
Loss anticipation and outcome during theMonetary Incentive Delay Task: a neuroimaging systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dugré Jules R. , Dumais Alexandre , Bitar Nathalie , Potvin Stéphane 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundReward seeking and avoidance of punishment are key motivational processes. Brain-imaging studies often use theMonetary Incentive Delay Task(MIDT) to evaluate motivational processes involved in maladaptive behavior. Although the bulk of research has been done on the MIDT reward events, little is known about the neural basis of avoidance of punishment. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of brain activations during anticipation and receipt of monetary losses in healthy controls.MethodsAll functional neuro-imaging studies using the MIDT in healthy controls were retrieved using PubMed, Google Scholar & EMBASE databases. Functional neuro-imaging data was analyzed using the Seed-based d Mapping Software.ResultsThirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 699 healthy adults. In both anticipation and loss outcome phases, participants showed large and robust activations in the bilateral striatum, (anterior) insula, and anterior cingulate gyrus relatively to Loss > Neutral contrast. Although relatively similar activation patterns were observed during the two event types, they differed in the pattern of prefrontal activations: ventro-lateral prefrontal activations were observed during loss anticipation, while medial prefrontal activations were observed during loss receipt.DiscussionConsidering that previous meta-analyses highlighted activations in the medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex, the anterior insula and the ventral striatum, the current meta-analysis highlighted the potential specificity of the ventro-lateral prefrontal regions, the median cingulate cortex and the amygdala in the loss events. Future studies can rely on these latter results to examine the neural correlates of loss processing in psychiatric populations characterized by harm avoidance or insensitivity to punishment.
Amplifying Apoptosis Homing Nanoplatform for Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Zhao Heng , Zhou Ping , Huang Kai , Deng Guang , Zhou Zhiguo , Wang Jing , Wang Mingwei , Zhang Yingjian , Yang Hong , Yang Shiping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNanomedicine has significantly impacted cancer theranostics. However, its efficiency is restricted by the limited enhanced permeability and retention effect of nanomaterials and insufficient density/specificity of receptors of tumor cells. Herein, an apoptosis‐homing nanoplatform based on zinc(II) dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) conjugated Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs/ZnDPA), which demonstrates amplified magnetic resonance signal and photothermal therapy, is developed. In an apoptotic xenograft model constructed by doxorubicin, due to the high affinity between ZnDPA and the upregulated level of phosphatidylserine on the outer surface of apoptotic cancer cells, the accumulation value of MNPs/ZnDPA is enhanced two‐fold and the tumor/muscle ratio of T2 values is decreased to 50% compared to that in the normal xenograft model. In the apoptotic xenograft model, the amplifying photothermal therapy is confirmed by the changes of the relative tumor volume and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end‐labeling staining. This nanoplatform provides a promising strategy to improve the targeting efficiency of nanoparticles and the enhancement of tumor‐targeting theranostics.