bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thulium Laser Vaporization versus Vapoenucleation (without morcellation) Technique for BPH: Do We Have a Winner?
Authors: Sarma Debanga , Singh Yashasvi , Baruah Saumar Jyoti , Rajeev T.P. , Barua Sasanka Kumar , Bagchi Puskal Kumar , Phukan Mandeep , Kashyap Manash Pratim 
Published: February 2019

Background and Objective The thulium laser surgery is a relatively new approach in which a wavelength of approximately 2 μm is emitted in continuous-wave mode, thus enabling the precise incision of tissue by using a wavelength that matches the water absorption peak of 1.92 μm in tissue. However, no published multinational study or other evidence definitively declares the superiority of thulium vaporization (ThuVAP) over thulium vapoenucle-ation (ThuVEP) without morcellator for better management of bothersome benign prostatic hyperplasia. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of vaporization and vapoenucleation (without a morcellator) in thulium laser prostatectomy for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods A retrospective analysis of 82 patients who underwent thulium laser prostatectomy between February 2017 and January 2018 with ThuVAP and ThuVEP techniques was done and outcome measures analyzed were International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality-of-life score (QoL), maximum ﬂow rate (Q max), post-void residual (PVRU), total operating time, laser time and resected tissue weight. Results No significant differences were noted between ThuVAP and ThuVEP in terms of post-operative prostate volume (22.4 vs. 21.7 mL) and post-operative prostate specific antigen (PSA) (2.54 vs. 1.85 ng/mL). Nonetheless, there were differences between the groups in total lasing time (56.5 vs. 44.8 min, p = 0.001) and total operative time (88.5 vs. 71.5 min, p= 0.001). There was also a significant difference in IPSS, QoL score, Q max, and PVRU at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 9 months after surgery. Conclusion ThuVEP provides a superior reduction of prostate volume and better short-term clinical outcomes than ThuVAP in the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Furthermore, ThuVEP results in significantly lower urethral discomfort rates with significant improvement in IPSS as compared to ThuVAP which is maintained over time. The hospital stay and catheter indwelling time are shorter in the ThuVEP group and the complications associated with it appear to be lower than ThuVAP group.
The Effect of an Auditor Identity Disclosure Requirement on Audit Quality: An Experimental Examination Incorporating the Incremental Effect of a Signature Requirement
Authors: Blay Allen D. , Gooden Eric S. , Mellon Mark J. , Stevens Douglas E. 
Published: February 2019

SUMMARY
After considering a proposal to require the engagement partner's signature on the audit report (PCAOB 2009), the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board chose instead to only require the disclosure of the engagement partner's name (PCAOB 2015). We make predictions regarding the effects of the two proposed requirements using insights from social norm theory, and test those predictions using an experimental audit market setting found in the literature. We find that both requirements reduce misreporting when compared to a control setting with neither requirement present. We also document that the signature requirement generates an incremental reduction in misreporting when added to the disclosure requirement. Finally, we provide evidence that these effects are driven by participants with higher sensitivity to social norms. This theory and evidence supports the new identity disclosure requirement at the PCAOB and helps explain the existence of signature requirements in many non-U.S. countries.
Data Availability: Experimental data are available from the authors upon request.
Public Accountants, Senior Accounting Students, and Non-Accounting Senior Business Majors: Comparing their Perception of Corporate Ethics and Social Responsibility
Authors: Maiga Adam 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to analyze data collected from public accountants and students to assess differences in their perceived stakeholder and stockholder views. Paired-sample t-tests indicated that both public accountants and senior accounting students had a propensity to support the stakeholder view whereas non-accounting senior business students' perception of the stakeholder view was not significantly different from their perception of the stockholder view. One-way ANOVA results indicated that public accountants' perception of the stakeholder view was significantly higher than that of senior accounting students and both groups had significantly higher perceptions of the stakeholder view than non-accounting senior business students. On the other hand, non-accounting senior business students' perception of the stockholder view was significantly higher than that of both public accountants and senior accounting students. Furthermore, senior accounting students' perception of the stockholder view was significantly higher than that of public accountants.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Device for the Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Verbraak Frank D. , Abramoff Michael D. , Bausch Gonny C.F. , Klaver Caroline , Nijpels Giel , Schlingemann Reinier O. , van der Heijden Amber A. 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE
To determine the diagnostic accuracy in a real-world primary care setting of a deep learning–enhanced device for automated detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Retinal images of people with type 2 diabetes visiting a primary care screening program were graded by a hybrid deep learning–enhanced device (IDx-DR-EU-2.1; IDx, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and its classification of retinopathy (vision-threatening [vt]DR, more than mild [mtm]DR, and mild or more [mom]DR) was compared with a reference standard. This reference standard consisted of grading according to the International Clinical Classification of DR by the Rotterdam Study reading center. We determined the diagnostic accuracy of the hybrid deep learning–enhanced device (IDx-DR-EU-2.1) against the reference standard.

RESULTS
A total of 1,616 people with type 2 diabetes were imaged. The hybrid deep learning–enhanced device’s sensitivity/specificity against the reference standard was, respectively, for vtDR 100% (95% CI 77.1–100)/97.8% (95% CI 96.8–98.5) and for mtmDR 79.4% (95% CI 66.5–87.9)/93.8% (95% CI 92.1–94.9).

CONCLUSIONS
The hybrid deep learning–enhanced device had high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of both vtDR (although the number of vtDR cases was low) and mtmDR in a primary care setting against an independent reading center. This allows its’ safe use in a primary care setting.
Overall Quality of Care Predicts the Variability of Key Risk Factors for Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational, Longitudinal Retrospective Study
Authors: Ceriello Antonio , Rossi Maria Chiara , De Cosmo Salvatore , Lucisano Giuseppe , Pontremoli Roberto , Fioretto Paola , Giorda Carlo , Pacilli Antonio , Viazzi Francesca , Russo Giuseppina , Nicolucci Antonio 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE
An association between variability in clinical parameters (HbA1c, blood pressure, cholesterol, and uric acid) and risk of complications in type 2 diabetes has been reported. In this analysis, we investigated to what extent such variability is associated with overall quality of care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The quality of care summary score (Q-score) represents a validated, overall quality of care indicator ranging between 0 and 40; the higher the score, the better the quality of care provided by the diabetes center. We identified patients with five or more measurements of clinical parameters after the assessment of the Q-score. Multiple linear regression analyses assessed the role of the Q-score in predicting the variability of the different parameters.

RESULTS
Overall, 273,888 patients were analyzed. The variability of all the parameters systematically increased with decreasing Q-score values. At multivariate linear regression analysis, compared with a Q-score &gt;25, a score &lt;15 was associated with a significantly larger variation in HbA1c, blood pressure, uric acid, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol and a lower variation in HDL cholesterol. The analysis of standardized β coefficients show that the Q-score has a larger impact on the variability of HbA1c (0.34; P &lt; 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (0.21; P &lt; 0.0001), total cholesterol (0.21; P &lt; 0.0001), and LDL cholesterol (0.20; P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
The variability of risk factors for diabetic complications is associated with quality of care. Quality of care improvement initiatives should be targeted to increase the achievement of the recommended target while reducing such variability.
Comparative Effects of Proximal and Distal Small Intestinal Glucose Exposure on Glycemia, Incretin Hormone Secretion, and the Incretin Effect in Health and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Young Richard L. , Bound Michelle , Hu Sanyuan , Jones Karen L. , Horowitz Michael , Rayner Christopher K. , Wu Tongzhi 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVECells releasing glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are distributed predominately in the proximal and distal gut, respectively. Hence, the region of gut exposed to nutrients may influence GIP and GLP-1 secretion and impact on the incretin effect and gastrointestinal-mediated glucose disposal (GIGD). We evaluated glycemic and incretin responses to glucose administered into the proximal or distal small intestine and quantified the corresponding incretin effect and GIGD in health and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSTen healthy subjects and 10 patients with T2DM were each studied on four occasions. On two days, a transnasal catheter was positioned with infusion ports opening 13 cm and 190 cm beyond the pylorus, and 30 g glucose with 3 g 3-O-methylglucose (a marker of glucose absorption) was infused into either site and 0.9% saline into the alternate site over 60 min. Matching intravenous isoglycemic clamp studies were performed on the other two days. Blood glucose, serum 3-O-methylglucose, and plasma hormones were evaluated over 180 min.RESULTSIn both groups, blood glucose and serum 3-O-methylglucose concentrations were higher after proximal than distal glucose infusion (all P &lt; 0.001). Plasma GLP-1 increased minimally after proximal, but substantially after distal, glucose infusion, whereas GIP increased promptly after both infusions, with concentrations initially greater, but less sustained, with proximal versus distal infusion (all P &lt; 0.001). Both the incretin effect and GIGD were less with proximal than distal glucose infusion (both P ≤ 0.009).CONCLUSIONSThe distal, as opposed to proximal, small intestine is superior in modulating postprandial glucose metabolism in both health and T2DM.
La disponibilidad léxica en el Diccionario de onubensismos para la enseñanza de ELE
Authors: Galloso Camacho M.ª Victoria , Martín Camacho Montemayor 
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo surge a partir del estudio de léxico disponible de Huelva, nivel preuniversitario, realizado por Prado y Galloso (2005), en el marco del Proyecto Panhispánico de Disponibilidad Léxica, en cuyo corpus se localizaron un considerable número de onubensismos (entendidos como palabras que tienen una significación especial en Huelva, siendo así interpretado el concepto a la manera de Alvar en su Diccionario de madrileñismos, 2011). La metodología de la disponibilidad léxica permite recopilar voces de aquellos lugares en los que se realiza el estudio. En este sentido, nos planteamos la importancia que estas palabras propias de Huelva, que tienen el empleo en Huelva, o que hacen referencia a las realidades de Huelva, tienen para la enseñanza del español en esta área geográfica. Merecen especialmente nuestra atención aquellos vocablos que hacen referencia a palabras no recogidas en el Diccionario de la Real Academia Española, considerados, por tanto, no normativos en base a la norma hispana actual, y sin embargo, reflejos de realidades imprescindibles en el entorno geográfico en el que han aparecido.
Design and Simulation Study of Active Baluns Circuits for WiMAX Applications
Authors: Gomez Frederick Ray I. , Hizon John Richard E. , De Leon Maria Theresa G. 
Published: February 2019

The paper presents a design and simulation study of three active balun circuits implemented in a standard 90nm Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process namely: (1) common-source/drain active balun; (2) common-gate with common-source active balun; and (3) differential active balun.Â The active balun designs are intended for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications operating at frequency 5.8GHz and with supply voltage of 1V.Â Measurements are taken for parameters such as gain difference, phase difference, and noise figure.Â All designs achieved gain difference of less than 0.23dB, phase difference of 180Â° Â± 7.1Â°, and noise figure of 7.2â€“9.85dB, which are comparable to previous designs and researches.Â Low power consumption attained at the most 4.45mW.
Design of Two-Stage Fully-Differential Operational Transconductance Amplifier Using a Standard 0.35Âµm CMOS Process
Authors: Abaya Tanya Vanessa , Gomez Frederick Ray I. 
Published: February 2019

The paper presents a design of a two-stage fully-differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a 10-bit 40-Msamples/s Nyquist rate analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using Â a standard 0.35Âµm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process.Â A telescopic cascode topology is implemented as main stage, with common source amplifiers as output stage for the differential outputs. The open loop amplifier achieved a gain of 108dB, while the closed loop gain is at 12dB with settling time of less than 11ns for an accuracy of 0.5%.Â Total output noise achieved is 63.4uVrms.Â Loop unity gain bandwidth is 205MHz with phase margin of 77.6Â°. The design has a dynamic range of 88.3dB, and power consumption of 26.6mW from a 3V supply.
Model Desain Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu Kontekstual Untuk Meningkatkan Kebermaknaan Belajar Siswa SD
Authors: Mawardi Mawardi , Wardani Naniek Sulistya , Hardini Agustina Tyas Asri , Kristin Firosalia 
Published: February 2019

This study aims to: 1) develop syntax of instructional contextual integrated thematic design models to improve the meaningful learning of elementary students; 2) describe an validity models; and 3) describe the level of effectiveness of the model. This R&D research consists of a preliminary study, model designing and developing to be validated by experts, the model testing. The preliminary field testing involved 4 teachers and 57 elementary students participants. The main field testing involved 8 teachers and 94 students. The research instrument are questionnaires and test. This research findings are: 1) the model steps includes: a) setting a theme; b) adding sub-themes; c) the analysis of SKL, KI, KD and making indicators; d) the making of nets of sub-themes; e) developing syllabus; f) developing RPP; g) compiling a fragment of the teacher's book; and h) developing fragments of student books; 2) the model validity level is in the very high category (86%), the syllabus and lesson plans and the material are in the high category (69.8%; 69%); and 3) the meaningfulness of student learning has increased, namely in the preliminary field test increased from 49.49 in pretest to 69.44 in post-test, and in the broad field test, the value increased greater than 47.98 to 70.43. The statistical test using the t-test ensures that the increase is significant, because the probability value (0.00) is smaller than the value of α = 0.05.
Experimental Study of Multi-Ribbed One-Way Composite Slabs Made of Steel Fibre, Foam, and Normal Concrete
Authors: Wang Yabo , Liu H. T. , Dou G. F. , Xi C. H. , Qian L. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract This paper aims to study the effect of reinforcement configuration (steel fibre and rebar) on the mechanical performance of composite slabs of the same total steel contents. We manufactured four pieces of fullscale multi-ribbed composite prefabricated slabs with different reinforcement configurations by using steel fibrereinforced concrete, foam concrete, and normal concrete. The multi-ribbed composite prefabricated slab has many excellent properties, such as light weight, good thermal and sound insulation. Thus, it can be applied to fabricated structures. In addition, the composite prefabricated slabs with the same total steel contents but with different reinforcement configurations were studied under the same static load, and many technical indicators such as crack resistance capacity, yield load, ultimate load capacity, maximum deflection, destructive pattern, and stress of steel rebar were obtained. Results indicate reinforcement configuration has a significant effect on the mechanical performance of composite prefabricated slabs with the same total steel contents, and composite prefabricated slabs reinforced with longitudinal rebar and steel fibre (volume fraction is 1.5%) have the best mechanical performance and ductility.
Carbon Footprint of Different Harvesting Work Systems in Short Rotation Energy Plantations
Authors: Polgár András , Horváth Adrienn , Mátyás Katalin Szakálosné , Horváth Attila László , Rumpf János , Vágvölgyi Andrea 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Almost half of the total area of Hungary is arable land. Nearly one-third of this area is poor-quality arable land where agriculture would be uneconomical. Energy plantations can be grown extremely well on poor-quality land. Currently, the carbon neutrality of wood as a raw material must also be justified, considering several factors. Environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) was developed as a tool for sustainable, decision-supporting, environmental management, which is an outstanding tool for the well-established analysis of environmental impacts, although the application of it in forestry remained a challenge for the LCA community. No sector specific LCA and life cycle inventory methodology has been developed in forestry; thus, implementing such a methodology remains a big challenge. Calculated on a common functional unit (100 m3/ha wood chips, 100% energy purpose), we have performed a comparative environmental life cycle assessment for harvesting technologies of short rotation energy plantations (technology related to stands of 3 ha of poplar, 5–10 ha of willow, 20 ha of willow), specifically for the third year harvesting work system. Research results on global warming potential show the carbon footprint of harvesting work systems, the knowledge of which has a strong influence on the environmental consideration of raw material (wood chips) and also on the more precise definition of carbon sequestration capacity. The typical values of carbon balance ratio (1.37–1.46) indicate a positive carbon sequestration potential and a magnitude well within the system boundaries of the third year harvesting work system submodule. The results obtained enable the estimation and prediction of environmental impacts for the whole lifecycle of the plantation.
From dynamics to links: a sparse reconstruction of the topology of a neural network
Authors: Aletti Giacomo , Lonardoni Davide , Naldi Giovanni , Nieus Thierry 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
One major challenge in neuroscience is the identification of interrelations between signals reflecting neural activity and how information processing occurs in the neural circuits. At the cellular and molecular level, mechanisms of signal transduction have been studied intensively and a better knowledge and understanding of some basic processes of information handling by neurons has been achieved. In contrast, little is known about the organization and function of complex neuronal networks. Experimental methods are now available to simultaneously monitor electrical activity of a large number of neurons in real time. Then, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the spiking activity of individual neurons is a very valuable tool for the study of the dynamics and architecture of the neural networks. Such activity is not due to the sole intrinsic properties of the individual neural cells but it is mostly the consequence of the direct influence of other neurons. The deduction of the effective connectivity between neurons, whose experimental spike trains are observed, is of crucial importance in neuroscience: first for the correct interpretation of the electro-physiological activity of the involved neurons and neural networks, and, for correctly relating the electrophysiological activity to the functional tasks accomplished by the network. In this work, we propose a novel method for the identification of connectivity of neural networks using recorded voltages. Our approach is based on the assumption that the network has a topology with sparse connections. After a brief description of our method, we will report the performances and compare it to the cross-correlation computed on the spike trains, which represents a gold standard method in the field.
Influence of State Participation on Business Conditions and Entrepreneurship in the EU Countries of the Former Eastern Bloc
Authors: Domańska Ada , Zajkowski Robert 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show the extent to which state interference in the economy affects the conditions of functioning for small and medium-sized enterprises in economies of the former eastern bloc which have already gone through the EU accession process. The data on SMEs’ situation were taken from the Fact Sheets of the EU program Small Business Act. Due to the fact that the variables proposed to describe the business environment differ significantly it was necessary to standardize them. The zero unitarization method was applied to rank countries properly. Special attention in this paper is devoted to Poland and the situation of businesses operating in this country. The research has identified some areas requiring urgent changes. It is crucial to improve the situation so that companies can play a proper role in the economy. A country which could be an example of good solutions that support business development is also described.