bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industries without Smokestacks
Authors: Cruz António S. , Mafambissa Fausto J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Under the current international economic conditions, where Asian countries are strong competitors in the manufacturing commodities, low-income countries like Mozambique could attempt to compete in industries without smokestacks. Fruits and vegetables, agro-processing goods, and various tradable services are estimated to have contributed 1.9 per cent to annual average gross domestic product growth in 1993–2015, when the aggregate growth was 7.8 per cent. Around 80 per cent of the total labour force is dedicated to primary activities, producing 25 per cent of the aggregated value added in 2013–15. The share of services in total exports was only 17 per cent in 2012–14. Although still relatively small, these industries have potential for growth, if Mozambique follows a diversified growth strategy.
Rwanda
Authors: Ggombe Kasim Munyegera , Newfarmer Richard S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Since civil war and genocide left the country in ruins, Rwanda has undergone a remarkable transformation. Growth rates since 1995 have averaged 8 per cent annually, poverty rates have fallen, maternal and child health have improved, and infrastructure and public institutions have been rebuilt. This chapter examines the determinants of the growth path of the Rwandan economy, focusing on: the central role of government; the structural transformation of the economy; the role of exports and foreign investment; and particularly the role of ‘industries without smokestacks’. Policy coherence, together with substantial international support, allowed Rwanda to embark on a growth path. A hallmark of the development path has been to use services as a leading sector at an earlier stage of its development than many other countries.
Lords of the Land, Lords of the Sea
Authors: Biedermann Zoltán 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chapter 2 highlights the early obstacles to the unfolding of a Lankan-Portuguese inter-imperial dialogue. It dwells on the contrast between the lack of curiosity shown by early Portuguese agents of empire in Ceylon, and the vivid interest taken by the Lankan elites in the Portuguese. While Ceylon disappeared from the Portuguese imperial imagination, in a process that is most visible in the development of Portuguese cartography, the elite of the kingdom of Kōṭṭe, which operated on grounds of the concept of tributary overlordship, attempted to entice Portuguese leaders into visiting the island. This inverts the logic of traditional narratives of the first encounter. Requests were soon made to the reluctant Portuguese for the establishment of a military base at Colombo, which, it was hoped, would help consolidate the authority of the ruler of Kōṭṭe in a highly unstable political environment, against the fierce competition of other Lankan rulers, and amidst internal, factional strife.
Conversion Diplomacy
Authors: Biedermann Zoltán 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chapter 4 explores the ways in which rulers and princes across Sri Lanka followed Bhuvanekabāhu’s initiative and engaged diplomatically with the Portuguese empire. Conversion to Catholicism became a key diplomatic tool during the 1540s. This served the interests of Lankan rulers and princes in the short term, helping them to transfuse imperial ideas into the Portuguese sphere, but also prepared the ground for larger transformations in the longer run, driven by Catholic Universalism. Sri Lanka as a territory of the mind began to emerge among the Portuguese, combining Lankan ideas of the island as a repository of cakravarti emperorship with a novel notion of spiritual conquest. This chapter explores a range of local contexts including diplomacy in Sītāvaka, Kandy, Jaffna, and smaller polities such as Batticaloa. Emphasis is again on local diplomatic agency.
Translatio Imperii in the Tropics
Authors: Biedermann Zoltán 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chapter 6 analyses the transformations that paved the way, in the 1580s and 1590s, for a policy turn towards an officially sanctioned Iberian conquest of Ceylon. The 1580 donation of Kōṭṭe to the Portuguese crown, which would itself fall into Habsburg hands soon after, emerges as a key moment along with the dramatic military and political developments in other parts of the island. The growth and collapse of the rival empire of Sītāvaka in the interior is shown to have triggered perceptions of opportunity among Portuguese leaders, but wider connections were also essential for change to occur. Crucial new links emerged between Colombo, Malacca, Manila, and Madrid, the imperial capital where, ultimately, conquest orders were issued. Even so, the local initiatives of Luso-Lankan and Sinhalese war-makers remained a driving force.
Blake and Hamann
Authors: Regier Alexander 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Out of the Anglo-German context, the previous chapter uncovered its two most exorbitant figures: William Blake and Johann Georg Hamann. This chapter discusses the most startling affinities and parallels in their works, especially in their ideas about language, and makes clear their status as exorbitants, as figures who move outside the track of traditional literary history. The chapter takes inspiration from previously unknown nineteenth-century material and presents Blake and Hamann as philosophically deeply related figures who need to be read across national traditions (and, by extension, show us the limitations of these traditions). It shows how, once we take them seriously, they open up a way of thinking about central issues of the period—language, reason, religion, sexuality—in ways that radically question our standard accounts both of the periods and our own assumptions.
Crossing Channels
Authors: Regier Alexander 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on three key intellectuals of the Anglo-German exchange of ideas in the eighteenth century: Henry Fuseli, Georg Hamann, and Caspar Lavater. Henry Fuseli, the chapter shows, is not only the painter of English Gothic Romanticism but also one of the most important textual authors and translators in 1760s Enlightenment London. The second example, Hamann, appears as one of the main figures from the Anglo-German exchange of ideas who is relevant far beyond our current appreciation. The chapter closes by discussing Lavater’s role in the Anglo-German context. What it illustrates is how he not only connects Blake and Hamann in this historical way, but also through his neglected writings on language, which reveal a thinker whose ideas on the book of nature are remarkably close to Blake’s and Hamann’s. The multiple connections between Fuseli, Hamann, and Lavater, then, reveal the complexity and richness of the Anglo-German context in the eighteenth century.
The Polyglot Moravians in Eighteenth-Century London
Authors: Regier Alexander 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This chapter turns the book’s attention from individuals to institutions, specifically the congregation of the Moravian Church in London. The Moravians came to London from Germany and were an idiosyncratic, exorbitant nonconformist group who had considerable influence, even though it never sought to be at the centre. They remain relatively unknown in literary studies, despite their central role in the formation of Methodism and beyond. As the chapter’s discussion of previously unpublished materials from the extensive Moravian Archive in London reveals, the Moravians were a unique hub for Anglo-German thinking, language acquisition, and bilingual book-printing in eighteenth-century London. In particular, their investment in an aesthetic of the quotidian makes their direct links to Blake and Hamann (Blake’s mother was a Moravian, Hamann visited the London congregation) deeply relevant for the account of the period.
A Critique of Habit
Authors: Regier Alexander 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This chapter shows how Blake and Hamann connect their exorbitant critique of conventional thinking and its deadening force with their sharp analysis of institutional religion, matrimony, and pedagogy. As deeply spiritual writers, they are particularly appalled with their historical moment and the position institutional religion has assumed as a form of organization and disciplining that perverts creativity and freedom. Remarkably, one of their common examples for such a negative development is the sacrament of marriage, which they see stripped of all its original meaning. Similarly, they produce an account which makes clear how pedagogy in the eighteenth century (and beyond) is being used to close off the real and affective dimensions of spirituality, ensuring conventional thinking. The way in which these thinkers translate such insights into their own lives forms the central discussion of this chapter, giving the reader a good sense of their biographical circumstances and their exorbitant arguments.
Introduction
Authors: Gilabert Pablo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This chapter outlines the main conceptual and substantive contributions of this book, and provides an overview of the three parts composing it. A characterization of the concept of human rights is offered. The eight components of the dignitarian approach to human rights developed in the rest of the book are outlined. They comprise: (C1) an account of human dignity; (C2) the ideal of solidaristic empowerment; (C3) a distinction between abstract and specific human rights and a division of three dimensions of a conception of human rights; (C4) an account of feasibility; (C5) general and dignitarian schemas for justifying rights; (C6) a contractualist framework of reasoning for justifying rights; (C7) the method of deliberative reflective equilibrium; and (C8) the idea of a deliberative interpretive proposal. Finally, the practical significance of the idea of putting humanity first—which follows naturally from the dignitarian approach—is identified.
Understanding Human Dignity in Human Rights
Authors: Gilabert Pablo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This chapter offers an interpretation of the idea of human dignity that explains how it can play certain valuable roles in human rights discourse. The idea contributes to the articulation of a distinctive set of norms that are universalist and humanist, the justification of specific human rights, the grounding of the great normative force of these rights, the combined generation of both negative and positive duties correlative to them, the explanation of the significance of political struggles against their violation, and the illumination of the arc of humanist justice running from basic requirements mandating people’s access to a decent life to maximal requirements to support people’s access to a flourishing life. The idea of human dignity is articulated through a conceptual network that includes an organic set of more specific ideas. These ideas include status-dignity, condition-dignity, dignitarian norms, the basis of dignity, the circumstances of dignity, and dignitarian virtue.
Defending the Significance of Human Dignity
Authors: Gilabert Pablo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chapter 5 identified the main dimensions of human dignity and some important roles of it in human rights discourse. This chapter addresses the most important charges levelled against the deployment of the idea of human dignity in human rights discourse. They say that the idea is empty, indeterminate, incoherent, politically pernicious, exclusionary, sterile, or redundant. The chapter argues that each of these charges fails. As a result, we can resist the disabling skepticism associated with them. We can learn from these objections to improve our views of human dignity, but we can remain confident about its significance in human rights discourse.
The Dignitarian Approach as a Program
Authors: Gilabert Pablo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This chapter outlines dignitarianism—or the dignitarian approach—as a general normative program. Dignitarianism states that at least some of the central norms concerning the treatment of individual entities depend on their inherent dignity—they require appropriate responses to it. After outlining the structure of dignitarian arguments, the chapter casts human rights as an exemplary instance of them. The chapter then addresses several philosophical issues regarding dignitarianism. It offers a broad view of human capacities and interests, an account of how dignitarianism helps bridge the justificatory gap between important interests and rights to their support, a deployment of moral contractualism as a device for defending dignitarian norms, an exploration of the relation between dignitarianism and ethical pluralism, and a presentation of dignitarian inquiry as a form of critical theory. The chapter concludes by outlining the main components and tasks of dignitarianism as a theoretical and practical program.
Historical sociologies
Authors: Bevir Mark , Blakely Jason 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This chapter continues the examination of interpretive empirical research topics with a focus on large-scale, diachronic studies (or phenomena developing across time). Contrary to widespread belief, an interpretive approach to social science is not limited to the small-scale study of single cases. Anti-naturalism makes possible sweeping forms of historical sociology, meta-narrative, and genealogy that explore some of the most urgent domains of social scientific research today (including topics such as violence, religion, secularism, nationalism, economic history, and the state). As part of this analysis this chapter critically engages the work of top social scientists and theorists like Steven Pinker, Charles Taylor, E. O. Wilson, and Steven Levitt.
Ethics and democracy
Authors: Bevir Mark , Blakely Jason 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
An anti-naturalist approach overcomes the strict dichotomy between facts and values. Social scientists are free to take up ethically engaged research projects if they are so inclined. This chapter shows how political scientists working within an interpretive, anti-naturalist framework can legitimately take an interest in ethical critique, critical sociologies, and democratic theory. Indeed, anti-naturalist and interpretive philosophy offers social scientists: a better account of the status of values within social reality; an understanding of the ethical significance of the human past; and a critique of technocratic forms of political organization. Interpretive approaches are also linked to a more deliberative theory of democracy. All this implies social scientists have ethical and not just conceptual reasons for adopting an interpretive approach.
The Council of Nicaea and Its Early Reception
Authors: Smith Mark S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This chapter sets the scene for the various appeals to Nicaea during the Nestorian controversy, by analysing the nature of Nicaea’s earlier reception. It begins by examining the Council of Nicaea itself, and the terminology of the Creed. It then explains how attempts to replace Nicaea with superior councils and creeds during the 340s and 350s were gradually eclipsed by the widespread acceptance of the Athanasian polemic of Nicaea’s unique authority and sole sufficiency. Athanasius’ spirited ‘re-reception’ of Nicaea, however, itself necessitated an uneasy reshaping of the Nicene past, and served to raise more sharply the dilemma of how the Nicene Creed’s status could be preserved amidst the increasing inadequacy of its text to speak into new doctrinal controversies. This analysis is extended into the early fifth century, and identifies a growing tension between the rhetorical focus on Nicaea’s textual sufficiency and the more fluid use of Nicene credal statements ‘on the ground’.
How to Find Your Footing in Bioethics
Authors: McMillan John 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The early years of bioethics were preoccupied with the search for a theoretical foundation. That tendency has decreased somewhat but the conflation of moral theory with method in ethics continues to be an obstacle for those starting out in bioethics and obscures what is common to all approaches to bioethics. Moral theory is not as useful for ‘doing ethics’ as it first appears and it is much more helpful to direct effort into teaching people how to argue about ethics. By grasping a few basic skills in argument, newcomers to this area can draw upon their knowledge and expertise and do good bioethics without mastery of normative moral theory.
What Is Bioethics?
Authors: McMillan John 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Bioethics is an interdisciplinary inquiry into ethical issues in the life sciences and biomedicine. The extent to which medical ethics should be seen as central to bioethics has been debated, but this is now the dominant view. The core aims and features of bioethics are that it involves bringing moral reason to bear, via three central activities—clinical consultation, bioethics and public policy and scholarly bioethics ethics—on morally pressing issues. This characterization of bioethics is one that includes an important spectrum from more philosophical bioethics to more empirical bioethics, and also includes those who favour a more missionary perspective.
Speculative Argument and Bioethics
Authors: McMillan John 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Speculative reason is an important aspect of practical reason and one of the core activities in Socratic moral reason. Speculating, or posing ‘what if?’ questions when reasoning about ethics can take a number of forms and these are some of the most useful methodological tools for bioethics. Perhaps the most common form of speculative reason for bioethics is the argument from analogy, which involves comparing an ethical response to one situation with our response to another similar situation to see whether we are consistent in our ethical judgment. Speculative reason can aim at deepening our moral understanding by making the implications of ethical choices more vivid. A third form of speculative reason is what I call an intuition pump. Speculative reason is used to tease out intuitions about a possible but hypothetical situation in order to advance our ethical thinking about similar cases. Finally, speculative reason can have a more heuristic function in that it encourages us to think about an area of ethics in a different way.
Drawing Distinctions
Authors: McMillan John 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Introducing or refining moral concepts is an important way of embellishing moral reason. Concepts that pick out distinctive moral issues more clearly are useful ways of furthering ethical debate. Concepts can be defined in a number of ways. In addition to introducing a new concept, arguments can be progressed by considering what must be the case about a concept that is in use in order for it to do the ethical work asked of it. This kind of strategy is what I call drawing ‘transcendental’ distinctions. This chapter describes how distinctions are drawn within slippery-slope arguments, how new concepts can be introduced for a specific moral purpose, and how existing concepts can be refined and theorized. Slippery-slope arguments are quite common in bioethics and, as I will show, can be difficult to sustain and are vulnerable to some common objections.
Intensive Balance Training for Adults With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injuries: Protocol for an Assessor-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Unger Janelle , Chan Katherine , Scovil Carol Y , Craven B Catharine , Mansfield Avril , Masani Kei , Musselman Kristin E 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Impaired reactive balance control can lead to increased falls in people with neurological impairments. Perturbation-based balance training (PBT), which involves repetitive exposure to destabilizing external perturbations, improves the ability to take reactive steps in older adults and individuals who have had a stroke.

Objective
The objective is to investigate whether PBT or conventional intensive balance training (CIBT) results in greater improvements in reactive stepping ability in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI).

Design
The design consists of an assessor-blind randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of 2 balance training programs (PBT and CIBT) matched for training duration (thrice weekly for 8 weeks).

Setting
A tertiary spinal cord injury rehabilitation center is used as the setting.

Participants
Participants include 24 adults with iSCI classified as a C or D on the American Spinal Association Impairment Scale, who are able to stand independently and exhibit moderate trunk control.

Intervention
Both PBT and CIBT involve 24 sessions, each 1 hour long, of individualized static and dynamic balance tasks. However, PBT includes external, unexpected balance perturbations provided manually by the trainer at a frequency of roughly 1 per training minute.

Measurements
The primary outcome is the ability to recover balance using a single step during the Lean-and-Release test, a novel method of assessing reactive balance. Secondary outcomes include a number of clinical balance and gait assessments, and the number of falls experienced in a 6-month follow-up period. Semi-structured interviews are conducted 3 months after training completion to gain insight into the participants’ perceptions of the impact of the interventions.

Limitations
A control group receiving “standard care” for balance training is not included.

Conclusions
This trial will provide physical therapists with insight into the efficacy of 2 forms of balance training for individuals with iSCI.
Teachers Teaching Teachers: The Role of Workplace Peer Effects in Financial Decisions
Authors: Maturana Gonzalo , Nickerson Jordan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper studies the role of workplace peers in the transmission of information pertinent to an important household financial decision: the mortgage refinancing choice. Exploiting commonalities in teaching schedules of school teachers in Texas to identify peer groups, we find that refinancing activity among teachers’ peers increases their likelihood of refinancing by 20.7%. The effect of peers increases with the potential savings realized upon refinancing and is stronger among younger teachers. Peers also affect teachers’ choice of lender. Overall, our findings suggest that peer interactions greatly reduce a household’s cost of acquiring and processing financial information.Received March 6, 2017; editorial decision July 31, 2018 by Editor Itay Goldstein. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Implications and recommendations for addressing insomnia disorder
Authors: Duncan Cameron , Sheppard Kate 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:
Sleep disorders, such as insomnia, are a common complication of many physical and mental health problems. This article reviews insomnia disorder, including assessment, comorbidities, and management. It is imperative that primary care providers understand how to provide the safest pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments to patients with insomnia.