bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dinamika Suhu Pengomposan Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga dengan Keranjang Bio Komposter
Authors: Madrini I. A. Bintang , Sulastri Ni Nyoman 
Published: April 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan unsur hara makro dan mikro sampah rumah tangga yang divariasikan dengan sekam padi dalam bio komposter atau bioreaktor garden bag. Metode pengomposan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode windrow system. Material sampah organik rumah tangga berperan sebagai sumber nitrogen dan sekam padi sebagai sumber karbon atau sebagai bulking agent sehingga C/N ratio bahan baku memenuhi syarat pengomposan.Hasil analisis beberapa parameter material sampah organik rumah tangga dan sekam padi yaitu kadar air (%):76,29 dan 9,48, kadar organik (%): 98,17 dan 77,92, pH: 4,32 dan 6,56, Salinitas (mS/cm): 4,03 dan 0,21, C:N ratio :15,72 dan 112,57, total N (%): 0,87 dan 3,81, kadar lemak (%BB): 13,27 dan 9,48, vitamin C (mg/a00 g): 65,11 dan 92,99 untuk masing-masing bahan. Analisis parameter unsur hara makro dan mikro material sampah organik rumah tangga dan sekam padi menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing bahan baku memenuhi syarat pengomposan. Pada proses pengomposan, suhu diamati dari hari ke-2 sampai hari ke-14. Fase termofilik dicapai pada hari ke-2 yaitu suhu mencapai 43 OC setelah proses aklimasi campuran kedua material. Suhu optimal atau puncak suhu yang dicapai dalam pengomposan sebesar 55OC pada hari 9 ~10 lalu mengalami penurunan suhu dihari selanjutnya, pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari untuk melihat dinamika perubahan suhu dari fase termofilik ke fase mesofilik.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF Streptomyces spp. PRODUCING CHITINASE ENZYME FROM SEWAGE MUD
Authors: Parwati Putu Ayu , Kawuri Retno , Watiniasih Ni Luh 
Published: April 2019

Streptomyces merupakan bakteri dari kelompok Actinomycetes. Genus ini diketahui dapat memproduksi berbagai senyawa aktif diantaranya antibiotik, antiviral, dan enzim. Enzim yang dapat ditemukan pada bakteri dan jamur yaitu salah satunya enzim kitinase. Enzim kitinase yang diproduksi oleh bakteri lebih baik dibandingkan kitinase dari sumber lain karena dengan waktu yang relatif singkat dapat melakukan proses perkembangbiakan. Bakteri kitinolitik merupakan agen pengendalian hayati terhadap jamur patogen maupun serangga hama yang sangat potensial karena aktivitas kitinase yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi, mengetahui karakteristik Streptomyces spp. dari lumpur selokan dan uji aktivitas enzim kitinase. Aktivitas enzim kitinase diketahui melalui zona bening yang terbentuk pada media uji. Hasil penelitian diperoleh lima spesies Streptomyces spp. dari sampel lumpur selokan yang diisolasi dengan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa dari lima spesies Streptomyces spp., dua spesies yaitu Streptomyces sp.3 dan Streptomyces sp.5 mampu memproduksi enzim kitinase, sementara tiga spesies Streptomyces lainnya tidak memproduksi enzim kitinase. Streptomyces sp.3 memproduksi enzim kitinase dengan terbentuknya zona bening sebesar 1,85±0,07 cm dan pada Streptomyces sp.5 terbentuk zona bening sebesar 0,65 ±0,14 cm . Berdasarkan data tersebut Streptomyces sp.3 dan Streptomyces sp.5 memiliki potensi sebagai bakteri kitinolitik yang memiliki manfaat sebagai agen pengendalian hayati.
The Effect of Feeding Some Macro Algae (Ulva sp., Gracilaria sp., Halymenia sp.) On the Growth of Haliotis squamata Abalone
Authors: Damayanti Desi , Yusup Deny Suhernawan , Rusdi Ibnu 
Published: April 2019

Teknologi produksi benih dan pakan abalon Haliotis squamata telah berhasil dikembangankan oleh Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Laut, Gondol, sedangkan pakan untuk pendederan juvenil abalon masih memerlukan pengembangan lebih lanjut untuk memperoleh bahan pakan yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan beberapa jenis alga makro segar (Ulva sp., Gracilaria sp., Halymenia sp.) yang diberikan dalam komposisi tunggal ataupun kombinasi (7 komposisi) terhadap pertumbuhan juvenil abalon H. squamata. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 3 kali ulangan. Percobaan dilakukan dalam keranjang plastik ukuran 287 x 140 x 52 mm dengan kepadatan 25 ekor (berat badan 1,75 ± 0,08 g, panjang cangkang 21,96 ± 0,34 mm, lebar cangkang 13,37 ± 0,24 mm). Pengukuran abalon dilakukan setiap 2 minggu sekali, dan pemeliharaan abalon dilakukan selama 87 hari dengan pemberian pakan setiap 2 hari sekali. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa perlakuan dengan pemberian pakan kombinasi Ulva sp., Gracilaria sp., dan Halymenia sp. memberikan pertumbuhan yang paling baik pada berat badan (BB), panjang cangkang (PC), serta lebar cangkang (LC), berturut-turut yaitu 4.70±0.20 g, 30.61±0.44 mm, serta 18.94±0.26 mm, sedangkan perlakuan pakan Halymenia sp. yang terendah. Nilai rasio konversi pakan (FCR) terendah yaitu pada perlakuan Ulva sp. dan Halymenia sp. 13,55±1,06, dan tertinggi yaitu pada perlakuan Gracilaria sp. 23,89±2,63.
Toxicity of Lemongrass Oils [Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W. Watson] to the German Cockroach (Blattella germanica L.)
Authors: Yana Syafri , Rahayu Resti , Mairawita Mairawita 
Published: April 2019

The purposes of this study are to find out the toxicity and repellency of lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon flexuosus) to the German cockroach (Blatella germanica). Study was conducted from August to October 2016 in Research Laboratories of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Andalas University Padang. This study used the glass jar method (contact) with three strains of German cockroaches (VCRU-WHO, KRS-BDG and HHB-JKT) and lemongrass oil. The average of lethal time after 6 hour exposure ware counted with a probit analysis until found value LC90. The results showed that based on value LC90 strain VCRU-WHO 15,20%, strain KRS-BDG 22,42% and strain HHB-JKT 19,28% after 6 hour exposure.
Software products for prevention and elimination of fires and emergencies in order to reduce material damage, the number of dead and injured people
Authors: Iskalin V. I. , Lebedeva A. K. , Martynov V. A. , Tuz N. V. 
Published: April 2019

Relevance. Professional activity of firefighters and rescuers refers to dangerous, stressful and heavy types of work associated with significant risk to life and health. Injuries, disability and mortality among the personnel of the Ministry of emergency situations directly depend on working conditions, occupational activities, the nature of the functions performed.Intention. To demonstrate effects of software products in the field of fire safety on meeting the information needs of managers and employees performing the tasks of prevention, extinguishing and elimination of consequences of fires and emergencies. Timely prevention and mitigation of fire and emergency consequences reduces material damage as well as the number of dead and injured people.Methodology. The article presents a brief description of the software products available in the Fund of computerized algorithms and programs of EMERCOM of Russia in the field of fire safety, which are designed to help in solving social and psychological problems of safety of the population and territories in emergency situations. The software products are designed to provide the heads of the subjects of the Russian Federation with the possibility of automating the planning of measures for the prevention and elimination of fires and emergencies. Software products contain information and references on prevention and elimination of fires and emergencies as well as guidance on the actions of officials and the population in emergency situations, both natural and man-made, and also regulatory and methodological documents for making decisions in the field of safety of the population and territories in emergency situations.Results and Discussion. Software products actually increase effectiveness of safety measures in emergency situations, preparedness of units of he State fire service, as well as help to make informed decisions in the field of social protection of employees. Based on one of the software products, the possibility of automating the presentation and analysis of statistical data on the number of fires, the number of fire fatalities, injuries and related direct material damage is shown.Conclusion. The use of software products in the field of fire safety ultimately reduces the risk of injury and death, the level of material losses from fires and other emergencies.
The rationale for the effectiveness of enteral nutrition in treatment of patients with liver disease
Authors: Batskov S. S. , Gordienko A. V. , Pyatibrat E. D. 
Published: April 2019

Relevance. The high incidence of diseases of the liver and other organs of digestion in employees of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia results from exposure to harmful chemical factors when performing professional tasks. Currently, the growing interest of the medical scientific community and practitioners is the nutritional support for the treatment of diseases of the digestive system. Therefore, the study aimed at substantiating the effectiveness of nutritional support in the treatment of liver diseases is certainly relevant.Intention. To scientifically substantiate effectiveness of enteral nutrition in the treatment of patients with liver diseases. Method. From 2015 to 2018, 237 patients, middle-aged men (56.4 ± 9.4) years, with liver diseases and trophic insufficiency of moderate severity were examined. All subjects were divided into 2 groups, the first group consisted of 121 people receiving enteral nutrition with Nutricomp HEPA liquid, the second group consisted of 116 people treated without enteral support. To assess the effectiveness of enteral nutrition in the treatment of liver diseases, the following were analyzed: trophological status, biochemical parameters of the protein fraction of peripheral blood, proteins of the blood coagulation system and the activity of transaminases. The indicators of self-assessment of quality of life before and after treatment were also analyzed.Results and Discussion. Nutraceuticals, compared to no enteral nutrition, significantly reduced the concentrations of ammonia, increased concentrations of albumin, product of protein metabolism, indicators of blood coagulation and the activity of transaminases. They have significantly increased body mass index, and body mass deficit decreased. After treatment with enteral nutrition in patients, self-assessment of quality of life was significantly higher than in the group not receiving enteral nutrition.Conclusion. Thus, the use of nutraceuticals for enteral support of patients with reduced trophological status can significantly improve the effectiveness of therapy, promotes faster recovery and reduces time spent in hospital.
Utilização de metodologia ativa de ensino na formação do profissional de nutrição
Authors: Vieira Cinthia Regina Sales Furtado , Vasconcelos Fábio Costa de , Campos Jamilie Suelen dos Prazeres , Marques Rosa de Fátima da Silva Vieira , Portella Marcia Bitar 
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização das metodologias ativas como estratégia de ensino nos cursos de graduação em Nutrição de Belém-PA. Método: O estudo é descritivo transversal, quantitativo com aplicação de um questionário aos 32 docentes de três cursos de graduação em Nutrição de Instituições públicas e privadas de Belém-PA. Foi utilizado o software BioEstat versão 5.3, e aplicados os teste G e Qui-quadrado para verificar o grau de dependência entre as variáveis, com nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Participaram 32 docentes, de ambos os sexos, com predominância do sexo feminino, com mais de 5 anos de atuação docente e titulação de mestre. 90,7% dos docentes adotaram como estratégia de ensino o método tradicional de aulas expositivas com parcialidade do uso de metodologia ativa; apesar de afirmarem gostar de utilizar metodologias ativas 68,8% afirmaram adotar a forma metodológica mista considerando ser inovadora (60%) e permitir a vivência pratica do conteúdo (96,9%). 93,7% dos docentes afirmaram ter conhecimento dos métodos ativos de ensino e serem motivados para diversificar a forma metodológica utilizada. Porém, sentem-se parcialmente preparados (78,1%) para aplicar a metodologia ativa como método único de ensino. Conclusão: É necessário maior capacitação dos docentes para aplicação dos métodos ativos de ensino, através da busca do próprio profissional, também do alicerce das Instituições de Ensino Superior - IES.
Caracterização da dor lombar em mulheres grávidas na cidade de Coari-Amazonas
Authors: Nunes Cleuzenir Melo , Costa Suzy Cunha , Matos Maria Luciana Moura de , Andrade Ercília de Souza , Matos Gabrielle Silveira Rocha 
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil da dor lombar em mulheres grávidas da cidade de Coari, Amazonas. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo com 79 grávidas em idade gestacional entre a 12ª e 36ª semanas, com queixas de dor na região lombo-pélvica. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada ela escala visual analógica (EVA) de dor. O questionário de incapacidade de Owestry foi aplicado. A correlação entre idade gestacional e intensidade da dor foi analisada por correlação de Pearson. Resultados: 38.96% sentiam dor lombar/pelvica antes da gestação e 7.79% referiu ter usado algum tipo de medicamento. A região prevalente em dor foi a sacroiliaca (39.24%). 70.13% das participantes referiram sentir dor “moderada”. Dor foi apontada como restritiva para realização de caminhadas (66.67%), levantar (56.00%) e carregar objetos (42.67%). A intensidade da dor foi correlacionada com a idade gestacional (r=0.239/p=0.039). Conclussão: Dor lombar foi caracterizada em vários graus de intensidade durante a gestação e esta tende a aumentar com o avanço da gestação. Esta dor é fator limitante para realização de atividades da vida diária.
Tiban Market and Utilization of Public Areas in the Maqasid Syari'ah Perspective: Perception of Islamic Scholars and Traders
Authors: Hidayah Alfi 
Published: April 2019

The utilization of state-owned public areas is widespread in various places, not only locally but also nationally. This research examines critically the use of public areas by tiban market traders for the purpose of trading in Warungasem District, Batang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. In addition, this study explores the perceptions of Islamic scholars (ulama), traders and the government on the use of public areas as trade locations. Public land use is examined through qualitative research, with data collection techniques: interviews, observation and documentation, and analyzed with interactive models. This study finds that trading on the highway is actually not permitted by regulation. Both traders and the government have the same point of understanding. Traders continue to use highways as stalls solely to fulfill clothing, shelter and food needs, because they do not own land. Meanwhile, the scholar's perception of the use of the public arena is polarized into two, which is permissible and not. For those who allow it, the existence of the tiban market is considered to have more benefits than dangers. On the contrary, by referring to the maqasid syari'ah, the scholars allow on the grounds of the tiban market have fundamental benefits both economically, socially and can prosper the people, in the midst of the country which is less concerned with the growth of economic populism.
Arap Nevâdir Eserleri Örnekliğinde Mizahın Toplumsal Ve Siyasal İşlevi
Authors: UZ Emin , EFİL Muhammed 
Published: April 2019

Mizah sanatı aslında insanın yaratılışından beri kendisine bahşedilen fıtri bir yeteneğe işaret etmektedir. Bu nedenle de yüzyıllardır çok sayıda bilim dalının konusu olmuş ve bilim adamlarının dikkatini celp etmiştir. Bununla birlikte mizah konusu telif eserlerde ciddiyet kaygısıyla hak ettiği düzeyde işlenmemiştir. Nitekim ilk ve orta çağlarda bu konu bugüne kadar Arap Dili ve Edebiyatı alanında yapılmış olan çalışmalara göz atıldığında, bu sahanın insanlar tarafından yeterince tanınmadığı anlaşılmakta, bunun bir sonucu olarak da, ne akademik çevrelerde ne de popüler kültürde söz konusu alana dair makul bir ilgi ve alakanın oluşmadığı görülmektedir.Tarihin seyri içerisinde talihsiz addedilebilecek bu durum bir nebze olsun dönüşüme uğramış ve son yıllarda insan davranışlarıyla ilgili araştırmaların çerçevesinin genişlemesiyle bazı bilim adamları mizahın insanların görüşlerini, değerlerini ve düşüncelerini ifade etmedeki rolünün farkına varmışlardır.Mizah, gülme tepkisinin yanında eleştiri, saldırı ve kimi zaman savunma gibi hususları da devreye sokmak suretiyle toplumsal muhalefet konusunda daha işlevsel hale getirilebilir. Keskin ve sivri bir dil ve aynı zamanda, bir durumun saçmalığını, yanlışlığını belki dolaylı ama etkili bir şekilde dile getirme biçimi olmuştur. Dolayısıyla mizah asli anlamda, insan ve topluma yönelik vurgusuyla, bir çeşit iletişim dilidir. Böylece toplumsal bir olay veya durum karşısında insanları kenetleyen, ilişkileri geren, ayrıştıran, birleştiren, belli bir hiyerarşi içinde tasnif eden bir unsur olarak mizahın kullanım biçimleri toplumsal bir anlama işaret eder. Bu nedenle mizahın toplumsal bir varlık olan birey üzerindeki özgürleştirici etkisini belki de en açık olarak görebileceğimiz alan politikadır.
Experimental Study of the Rooster Tail Jump and End Sill in Horseshoe Spillways
Authors: Hassanzadeh Vayghan Vahid , Mohammadi Mirali , Ranjbar Ali 
Published: April 2019

In a horseshoe spillways, due to the collision of the falling nappes from their surround walls, in the center of spillway’s trough, a spatial hydraulic jump is formed that named “rooster tail”. This study by using the physical model of horseshoe spillway, investigates the form, height and length of rooster tail jump. Based on the analytical methods, the effective parameters on rooster tail jump’s height and height were determined and their interaction was investigated and linear relationships were proposed to predict jump’s length and height. By increasing the amount of water on the spillway’s crest and thereby increasing the velocity of flow nappe at the point of contact with the spillway’s bed, length and high of rooster tail jump, linearly increased. The result also shows that by increasing number of Froude, the length and height of jump increases and by increasing the spillway’s length, the height and length of the rooster tail jump decreases. To control of rooster tail jump in spillway’s model, two different size of end sills Inserted at downstream of spillway and result shows that by employing a sill with height of 3.8 cm and 7.6 cm, the flow depth, in average, respectively 122% and 272% increase compared to no sill conditions, also flow state change from super-critical to sub-critical. At the sill of 3.8 cm it was observed that the rooster tail jump did not submerged, but at the height of 7.6 cm the jump submerged and static pressure increased more. The results revealed that by placing the sill of 3.8 and 7.6 cm, respectively 45% and 35% of the maximum pressure entering the bed of the spillway at the collision site is reduced.
"AZRAİL İNANCININ TÜRK HALK KÜLTÜRÜNE YANSIMALARI
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Esma 
Published: April 2019

İnsan hayatında; doğum, evlenme ve ölüm
olmak üzere üç önemli geçiş dönemi vardır. Günümüze, gelenek şekline dönüşmüş
olarak taşınan birçok inanış, ayin, tören vb. uygulamaların temelinde bu
dönemler yatmaktadır. Doğan her insan vakti geldiğinde ölür. Ancak doğum kadar
tabii olan ölüm, çoğu insan için korkulan ve çekinilen bir durum haline
gelmiştir.

Ölümü kabullenmek istemeyen insanların ruh
halleri, yaşadıkları toplumun kültürel yapısını da etkilemiş ve buna bağlı
olarak; ölümden kaçan, ölümsüzlük ilacını arayan, bulan ve içen kahramanları
konu edinen çeşitli efsane, destan ve masallar ortaya çıkmıştır. Diğer taraftan
İslam dinine göre, insanların canını almakla görevli olan ölüm meleği Azrail’e
dair de bir takım inanış, gelenek ve halk anlatıları yaratılmış, şiirlere,
türkülere, manilere, atasözlerine, deyimlere ve bilmecelere konu edilmiştir. Azrail, fıkra, efsane ve masal gibi anlatı türlerinde de
sıkça rastlanan bir motiftir. Özellikle fıkralarda, korkunun mizahla birleştiği
ironik bir anlatım tarzı hâkimdir. Ölümden kurtulmak isteyen bazı kişiler,
kılık değiştirerek, taklit yaparak ya da pazarlıkla Azrail’i kandırma yoluna
başvururlar. Ama bu tür fıkralarda, her halükârda ölümün vukuu bulacağı, -Allah istemediği sürece-, Azrail’in
kararını asla değiştirmeyeceği açıkça ifade edilir.

Bu yazıda, “Azrail” inancının
halk kültürüne yansımaları araştırılarak, dinî ve sembolik yönleriyle
değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır.
A Bibliometric Study on Articles Published in PubMed-indexed Prosthodontic Journals in the Year 2016
Authors: Basnet Bishal Babu , Gyawali R. , Allhaj M.N. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Publication trends of Prosthodontic literature in the PubMed-indexed journals in the year 2016 was studied to assess the number of authors, country affiliation of principal author, international collaboration in authorship, type of studies, major field of study. The bibliometric study helps to determine the scientific growth and development.
Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the prosthodontics literature in PubMed-indexed journals in the year 2016.
Materials and methods: All the published articles excluding the book review, letter to editor, panel discussion etc were assessed and the data regarding the number of authors, affiliation of principal author, international collaboration in authorship, type of studies, number of references were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed for demographic findings.
Results: 645 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. Principal authors from Asian countries contributed for major bulk of the studies (51%). Major emphasis of study is attracted to dental materials, CADCAM, zirconia, cements (categorized under “other” in this study). The in-vitro studies were more prevalent in the year 2016 (>35%). Though international collaboration has been found in many articles, single authorship has decreased (4.81%).
Conclusion: The collaboration amongst authors is increased but international collaboration is still less and the newer topics of interest are being studied rather than conventional prosthetic sciences.
Survey on Status of Prosthodontists in Nepal, Service Rendered and Their Level of Satisfaction
Authors: Maharjan Shyam K. , Mathema S. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: This survey aims to gather cumulative data on Prosthodontists in Nepal, their academic, financial and work status, services rendered and satisfaction level on job, lab support, material availability and work place environment.
Material and methods: Online form was developed for the purpose of survey regarding “Status of Prosthodontists in Nepal, Service rendered and their level of satisfaction”. The online survey form was sent to Prosthodontists as per data available in Nepalese Prosthodontic Society. Data analysis was done from response obtained from November 1st to December 25th, 2017.
Results: Among the 77 Prosthodontists whom the survey form were sent, 65 Prosthodontists responded (85%). The male were 55% and female 45%, majority of age ranges from 31 to 40 years. 81.5% had Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) degree and 52.3% had post graduation from Nepal. 80% of Prosthodontists are practicing in private institute including dental colleges, hospital and clinics. Among the academic degree, 1 tutor, 36 Assistant Professor, 4 Associate professor and 5 professors were recorded. 50% of Prosthodontists had original research article and case report published. Regarding the job satisfaction, lab support, material availability and working environment, most of them were satisfied.
Conclusion: Number of Prosthodontists in Nepal are in growing trend. Most of them are of young age. Prosthodontic services rendered are growing in diverse aspect and most of them were satisfied with their job and work.