bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular and Mucosal Immune Responses Following Vaccination with Inactivated Mutant of Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Schaut Robert G. , Boggiatto Paola M. , Loving Crystal L. , Sharma Vijay K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractShiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO157:H7 (O157) can cause mild to severe gastrointestinal disease in humans. Cattle are the primary reservoir for O157, which colonizes the intestinal tract without inducing any overt clinical symptoms. Parenteral vaccination can reduce O157 shedding in cattle after challenge and limit zoonotic transmission to humans, although the impact of vaccination and vaccine formulation on cellular and mucosal immune responses are undetermined. To better characterize the cattle immune response to O157 vaccination, cattle were vaccinated with either water-in-oil-adjuvanted, formalin-inactivatedhhadeletion mutant of Shiga toxin 2 negative (stx2−) O157 (Adj-Vac); non-adjuvanted (NoAdj-Vac); or non-vaccinated (NoAdj-NoVac) and peripheral T cell and mucosal antibody responses assessed. Cattle in Adj-Vac group had a higher percentage of O157-specific IFNγ producing CD4+and γδ+T cells in recall assays compared to the NoAdj-Vac group. Furthermore, O157-specific IgA levels detected in feces of the Adj-Vac group were significantly lower in NoAdj-Vac group. Extracts prepared only from Adj-Vac group feces blocked O157 adherence to epithelial cells. Taken together, these data suggest parenteral administration of adjuvanted, inactivated whole-cell vaccines for O157 can induce O157-specific cellular and mucosal immune responses that may be an important consideration for a successful vaccination scheme.
Sensory primary cilium is a responsive cAMP microdomain in renal epithelia
Authors: Sherpa Rinzhin T. , Mohieldin Ashraf M. , Pala Rajasekharreddy , Wachten Dagmar , Ostrom Rennolds S. , Nauli Surya M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrimary cilia are hair-like cellular extensions that sense microenvironmental signals surrounding cells. The role of adenylyl cyclases in ciliary function has been of interest because the product of adenylyl cyclase activity, cAMP, is relevant to cilia-related diseases. In the present study, we show that vasopressin receptor type-2 (V2R) is localized to cilia in kidney epithelial cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of V2R with tolvaptan increases ciliary length and mechanosensory function. Genetic knockdown of V2R, however, does not have any effect on ciliary length, although the effect of tolvaptan on ciliary length is dampened. Our study reveals that tolvaptan may have a cilia-specific effect independent of V2R or verapamil-sensitive calcium channels. Live-imaging of single cilia shows that V2R activation increases cilioplasmic and cytoplasmic cAMP levels, whereas tolvaptan mediates cAMP changes only in a cilia-specific manner. Furthermore, fluid-shear stress decreases cilioplasmic, but not cytoplasmic cAMP levels. Our data indicate that cilioplasmic and cytoplasmic cAMP levels are differentially modulated. We propose that the cilium is a critical sensor acting as a responsive cAMP microcompartment during physiologically relevant stimuli.
Progressive Tinnitus Management at Two Veterans Affairs Medical Centers: Clinical Implementation With Modified Protocols
Authors: Beck Jenifer E. , Zaugg Tara L. , Egge Jessica L. , Lima Elizabeth N. , Thielman Emily J. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This is a description of the clinical implementation and outcomes of progressive tinnitus management (PTM) at 2 Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers: Both programs modified the protocol originally described by PTM developers.

Method

Modifications at both sites were classified according to an evidence-based framework set forth by
Stirman, Miller, Toder, and Calloway (2013)
. The Iowa City VA PTM program clinicians made 2 modifications and the Asheville, North Carolina, VA PTM program clinicians made 6 modifications to the standard PTM protocol. Pre–post outcome measures were analyzed for 20 veterans who completed the Iowa City program and for 200 veterans who completed the Asheville program.

Results

Veterans who completed the Iowa City program showed a statistically significant decrease in the average Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score (
Newman, Jacobson, & Spitzer, 1996
). Veterans who completed the Asheville PTM program showed a statistically significant decrease in the average Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) score. Outcomes in Asheville were compared to outcomes of a clinical trial of PTM conducted by the developers of PTM. The clinical work in Asheville resulted in a greater mean reduction on the TFI and a larger effect size using the TFI as compared to the results of the PTM clinical trial.

Conclusions
Clinician-directed modifications to PTM that are made to address the unique needs and circumstances of an individual clinic have potential to result in positive outcomes for patients. Clinicians providing care for patients with tinnitus using PTM who modify the protocol to meet the needs of their local setting are encouraged to collect and report the outcomes of their modifications to improve understanding of the impact of various types of modifications to PTM and other evidence-based practices.
Modelling of the passive intermodulation in coaxial connectors with broadband signal excitation
Authors: Bi Lingyu , Gao Jinchun , Flowers George T. , Jin Qiuyan 
Published: April 2019

Theoretical calculations and simulations are introduced to explain the passive intermodulation power level rise (PLR) in coaxial connectors with broadband signal excitation for the third‐order intermodulation products. An equivalent model is developed to describe the characteristics of the broadband signals. The non‐linearity of connectors is defined by a polynomial behaviour model. A mathematical model of the PLR is developed. A series of experiments are conducted to verify the proposed models. The experimental results agree well with the analytic results, having a mean difference of 0.6 dB.
Compact multi‐order bandpass filter with high stopband rejection performance
Authors: Li Shaosheng , Zhang Zhi 
Published: April 2019

This Letter presents a multi‐order bandpass filter (BPF) based on unit cells, which are constructed by coupled lines and microstrip stubs. This BPF unit cell features ultra‐wide upper stopband and excellent stopband rejection performance. The external quality factors and coupling coefficients of unit cells are analysed in detail for multi‐order BPF design, where transmission lines are adopted as a coupling structure for easy post‐fabrication tuning. Following filter coupling matrix theory, two‐ and three‐pole Chebyshev‐response BPFs are designed and measured, centred at 1.0 GHz with 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 10%. Experimental results demonstrate excellent out‐of‐band rejection performances. In two‐pole BPF, the upper stopband can reach 4.8 GHz (4.8 f0) with the rejection level of 37 dB. In three‐pole BPF, within the stopband frequency of 3.4 GHz (3.4 f0), the rejection level is better than 55 dB, while the upper stopband can be extended to 6.5 GHz (6.5 f0) with the suppression level of above 26.8 dB.
Spectropolarimetric analysis of an active region filament.
Authors: Díaz Baso C. J. , Martínez González M. J. , Asensio Ramos A. 
Published: April 2019

Aims. Our aim is to demonstrate the limitations of using a single-component model to study the magnetic field of an active region filament. To do this, we analyzed the polarimetric signals of the He I 10830 Å multiplet, which were acquired with the infrared spectrograph GRIS of the GREGOR telescope (Tenerife, Spain).
Methods. After a first analysis of the general properties of the filament using HAZEL under the assumption of a single-component model atmosphere, in this second part we focus our attention on the observed Stokes profiles and the signatures that cannot be explained with this model.
Results. We have found an optically thick filament whose blue and red components have the same sign in the linear polarization as an indication of radiative transfer effects. Moreover, the circular polarization signals inside the filament show strong magnetic field gradients. We also show that even a filament with such high absorption still shows signatures of the circular polarization that is generated by the magnetic field below the filament. The reason is that the absorption of the spectral line decays very quickly toward the wings, just where the circular polarization has a larger amplitude. In order to separate the two contributions, we explore the possibility of a two-component model, but the inference becomes impossible to overcome because very many solutions are compatible with the observations.
Innovationsökosysteme – Herausforderungen für
Geschäftsmodelle in der regenerativen Medizin
Authors: Thiem Helena 
Published: April 2019

Banda G et al. Evolution of Business Models in Regenerative Medicine: Effects of
a Disruptive Innovation on the Innovation Ecosystem. Clin Ther 2018; 40(7):
1084–1094
Die regenerative Medizin verspricht als neues Feld der Biomedizin,
verschiedene Erkrankungen durch die Wiederherstellung der physiologischen
Form und Funktion von Zellen, Geweben und Organen zu heilen. Die Autoren
untersuchen die Auswirkungen von disruptiven Innovationen im Bereich der
regenerativen Medizin auf das Innovationsökosystem.
Nanogold(0)-Catalyzed Addition of Heteroelement σ Linkages to Functional Groups
Authors: Stratakis Manolis , Lykakis Ioannis N. 
Published: April 2019

In recent years, supported Au nanoparticles and nanoporous Au materials have shown remarkable catalytic activity in the activation of σ heteroelement linkages such as, Si–H, Si–Si, B–B and B–Si, and their subsequent addition to functional groups, primarily π bonds. In this review article we discuss the reaction modes known to date, and attempt to discuss the mechanistic clues of these transformations which are rather unexpected in terms of conventional transition-metal catalysis concepts, given that the catalytic sites are metallic Au(0).1	Introduction2	Activation of Hydrosilanes2.1	Reactions of Hydrosilanes with Alkynes2.1.1	Hydrosilylation2.1.2	Dehydrogenative Coupling2.2	Reactions of Hydrosilanes with Allenes2.3	Reactions of Hydrosilanes with Carbonyl Compounds and Imines2.4	Reactions of Hydrosilanes with α-Diazo Carbonyl Compounds2.5	Miscellaneous Transformations from the Nano Au-Catalyzed	Activation­ of Hydrosilanes3	Activation of Disilanes3.1	Disilylation of Alkynes3.2	Reactions of 1,1,2,2-Tetramethyldisilane with Alkynes4	Activation of Diboranes4.1	Diborylation of Alkenes4.2	Diborylation of Alkynes4.3	Diborylation of Allenes4.4	Diborylation of Methylenecyclopropanes5	Activation of Silylboranes5.1	Silaboration of Alkynes5.2	Silaboration of Allenes5.3	Silaboration of Unactivated Epoxides and Oxetanes5.4	Reactions of Silylboranes with Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds6	Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Artificial Intelligence in Primary Health Care: Perceptions, Issues, and Challenges
Authors: Liyanage Harshana , Liaw Siaw-Teng , Jonnagaddala Jitendra , Schreiber Richard , Kuziemsky Craig , Terry Amanda L , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: April 2019

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is heralded as an approach that might augment or substitute for the limited processing power of the human brain of primary health care (PHC) professionals. However, there are concerns that AI-mediated decisions may be hard to validate and challenge, or may result in rogue decisions.
Objective: To form consensus about perceptions, issues, and challenges of AI in primary care.
Method: A three-round Delphi study was conducted. Round 1 explored experts’ viewpoints on AI in PHC (n=20). Round 2 rated the appropriateness of statements arising from round one (n=12). The third round was an online panel discussion of findings (n=8) with the members of both the International Medical Informatics Association and the European Federation of Medical Informatics Primary Health Care Informatics Working Groups.
Results: PHC and informatics experts reported AI has potential to improve managerial and clinical decisions and processes, and this would be facilitated by common data standards. The respondents did not agree that AI applications should learn and adapt to clinician preferences or behaviour and they did not agree on the extent of AI potential for harm to patients. It was more difficult to assess the impact of AI-based applications on continuity and coordination of care.
Conclusion: While the use of AI in medicine should enhance healthcare delivery, we need to ensure meticulous design and evaluation of AI applications. The primary care informatics community needs to be proactive and to guide the ethical and rigorous development of AI applications so that they will be safe and effective.
Effectiveness of Compressive External Bracing in Patients with Flexible Pectus Carinatum Deformity: A Review
Authors: Hunt Ian , Patel Akshay Jatin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere has been a growing interest in the nonoperative treatment of chest wall deformities over the last few decades; with the advent of external compressive orthotics, similar outcomes have been reported compared with surgical intervention. There have been fewer major complications reported with dynamic compression bracing on the chest wall; however, the Achilles heel of this approach still lies with treatment tolerability and compliance. A Medline literature search was undertaken to evaluate the evidence concerning the techniques, modifications, and outcomes associated with external compressive bracing in the setting of pectus carinatum. Sixteen articles were integrated after literature review and data were collected on methods of assessing pectus carinatum (degree of severity as well as type), patient selection protocol (i.e., suitability for external compressive bracing), the bracing protocol itself, duration of treatment, metrics used to assess outcome, and success, compliance, and dropout rate, and length of long-term follow-up. Compressive external bracing appears to be a safe and well tolerated nonsurgical treatment option for young patients with flexible pectus carinatum deformities. However, there is still a need for robust level I randomized data from multiple centers with a clearly standardized bracing protocol, objective measurement of outcomes, and recording of results at the end of the bracing treatment program in sufficiently powered sample sizes over a significant follow-up period.
Godly Poland in godless Europe
Authors: Gomola Aleksander 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates Catholic-nationalist discourse in Poland after 2004 when the country joined the European Union, combining elements of the Discourse Historical Approach with a Cognitive Linguistics perspective. It focuses on conceptual metaphors for the Polish nation to demonstrate how they serve the Catholic Church in shaping Polish national identity in opposition to the common European project, and how the discourse in question is able to absorb the most significant national trauma in post-war Polish history – the Smoleńsk plane crash. Discursive practices aimed at shaping Polish national identity as a part of a broader European identity were examined by Krzyżanowski (2009) and Grimstad (2012). The discourse discussed in this chapter depicts these identities as incompatible and thus is “the other side of the coin” of the processes of conceptualizing Polish nationality after 2004.
“Let’s work on our Serbian!”
Authors: Vervaet Stijn 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the use of metaphors in the column “Let’s Safeguard Serbian” in the Serbian newspaper Politika in 2015. In this column, adherents of the standard language ideology offered advice about spelling, loanwords, and syntax as well as regarding the name of the language and preferred alphabet. Drawing on critical discourse analysis and metaphor analysis, I examine the link between prescriptivism and contemporary discourses on Serbian national identity. I argue that most metaphors appearing in texts that fall into “the complaint tradition” (Milroy and Milroy) do not reveal a clear-cut link between prescriptivism and nationalism. However, the complaint tradition also reactivates a rich repository of conventional(ized) metaphors and metonymies that reach back to Romanticism and have much more far-reaching implications ideologically.
Guidelines on how to construct a nation
Authors: Grassi Silvia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the analysis of metaphors employed in the first episode of the television series Gran Nord (2012–2013) (Great North) broadcast in prime time by Catalan television. The chapter demonstrates that these metaphors contribute to the construction of ideological meanings around the spaces which constitute the fictional universe of the series in relation to the apparently conflicting aspects of the protagonist's identity. In order to achieve this, Conceptual Metaphor Theory and, in particular, Lakoff and Johnson’s Metaphorical Representation Theory (1980) and Lera Boroditsky’s Metaphoric Structuring View (2000) are employed.
To automated generation of test questions on the basis of error annotations in EFL essays
Authors: Vinogradova Olga 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The paper presents computer tools that were designed to increase the pedagogical value of a learner corpus for teachers and learners of English as a foreign language. The corpus used in the study is a collection of essays written by Russian learners of English – students from four different cities in Russia, studying at different Bachelor programmes at the Higher School of Economics. The paper describes how the tools we offer make use of manually annotated errors for the process of automated generation of questions for English tests, what editing the generated tests requires, and in the final section there is a discussion to what degree this process appears to be useful for EFL instructors.
Complexity and qualitative lexical knowledge
Authors: Biel Albert 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper presents research that investigates differences in the use of the high-frequency verb TAKE between German learners of English and American English native speakers. This study examined 724 instances of TAKE and their respective lexical-syntactic structures in the German part of the ICLE and a comparable American English speaker corpus (LOCNESS). The sentences are classified according to a framework of complexity of lexical-syntactic structures adopted from Liu and Shaw (2001). The results of this research suggest that there are no significant differences in usage between both groups. The general conception that non-native speakers overuse simple verbs due to restricted vocabulary does not hold true for TAKE in the German learner data in this study.
Cohesion or coesione?
Authors: D’Arienzo Meredith 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the use of linking adjuncts in academic essays by L1 Italian learners as compared to native speakers of English using the revised Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis (CIA 2) method. Concordance analyses were performed for selected linking adjuncts in academic essays from the Italian subset of the International Corpus of Learner English (ICLE) and the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS). Log-likelihood values were calculated to identify cases of significant overuse and underuse. Next, the phraseological context surrounding the linking adjuncts was examined qualitatively. Results reveal variation in the use of some linking adjuncts by L1 Italian speakers as compared to native English speakers and show evidence of cross-linguistic influence. Implications include proposed pedagogic materials aimed at facilitating Italian learners’ acquisition of these cohesive devices.
Researching learner language through POS keyword and syntactic complexity analyses
Authors: Pérez-Paredes Pascual , Díez-Bedmar María Belén 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the affordances of two different research methods that may be instrumental in analysing learner language complexity: standard corpus linguistics methodology and automatic syntactic complexity analysers. Our results suggest that POS keyword analysis and automatic syntactic analysis are both effective for the identification of linguistic features at different levels of development in instructed SLA. In particular, countable nouns, prepositional phrases, verbs and general adverbs are criterial features that define the transition from lower to higher secondary school language learning in the Spanish component of the ICCI corpus. We suggest that the analysis of complexity in noun phrases is of great interest for researchers and teachers in terms of identifying development milestones in language acquisition.
English intonation of advanced learners
Authors: Puga Karin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Adopting a corpus-based approach within the autosegmental-framework, this paper reports on a study on L2 learners’ intonational deviances of edge tones within intonational units in spontaneous speech in monologues and dialogues derived from a “Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis” (CIA) (cf. Granger 1996, 2015). The analysis reveals that German, Spanish, and British speakers of English deviate from each other in their intonational phrasing and pitch heights in utterance-final and -medial position. The learners break their utterances into considerably more intonation phrases (IP) and intermediate phrases (ip) than native-speakers. While the British native-speakers (n = 10) mainly stick to the usage of falls within IPs and ips, the German learners (n = 10) frequently use rising tones and the Spanish learners (n = 10) frequently use falling tones.
Chrysin reduces the activity and protein level of mature forms of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins
Authors: Iwase Masamori , Watanabe Kyoko , Shimizu Makoto , Suzuki Tsukasa , Yamamoto Yuji , Inoue Jun , Sato Ryuichiro 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTSterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways. The present study showed that the flavonoid chrysin impairs the fatty acid synthase promoter. Chrysin reduces the expression of SREBP target genes, such as fatty acid synthase, in human hepatoma Huh-7 cells and impairs de novo synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. Moreover, it reduces the endogenous mature, transcriptionally active forms of SREBPs, which are generated by the proteolytic processing of precursor forms. In addition, chrysin reduces the enforced expressing mature forms of SREBPs and their transcriptional activity. The ubiquitin–proteasome system is not involved in the chrysin-mediated reduction of SREBPs mature forms. These results suggest that chrysin suppresses SREBP activity, at least partially, via the degradation of SREBPs mature forms.Abbreviations: ACC1: acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; FAS: fatty acid synthase; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; 25-HC: 25-hydroxycholesterol; HMGCS: HMG-CoA synthase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LPDS: lipoprotein-deficient serum; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; SCD1: stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SREBPs: sterol regulatory element-binding proteins.