bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effect of regional joint-control measures on changing photochemical transformation: a comprehensive study of the optimization scenario analysis
Authors: Li Li , Zhu Shuhui , An Jingyu , Zhou Min , Wang Hongli , Yan Rusha , Qiao Liping , Tian Xudong , Shen Lijuan , Huang Ling , Wang Yangjun , Huang Cheng , Avise Jeremy C. , Fu Joshua S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Heavy haze usually occurs in winter in eastern China. To control
the severe air pollution during the season, comprehensive regional
joint-control strategies were implemented throughout a campaign. To evaluate
the effectiveness of these strategies and to provide some insights into
strengthening the regional joint-control mechanism, the influence of control
measures on levels of air pollution was estimated with an integrated
measurement-emission-modeling method. To determine the influence of
meteorological conditions, and the control measures on the air quality, in a
comprehensive study, the 2nd World Internet Conference was held during
16–18 December 2015 in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang province, in
the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. We first analyzed the air quality
changes during four meteorological regimes and then compared the air
pollutant concentrations before, during, and after the regulation under
static meteorological conditions. Next, we conducted modeling scenarios to
quantify the effects caused due to the air pollution control measures. We
found that total emissions of SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in
Jiaxing were reduced by 56 %, 58 %, 64 %, and 80 %, respectively,
while total emission reductions of SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and VOCs
over the YRD region are estimated to be 10 %, 9 %, 10 %, and 11 %,
respectively. Modeling results suggest that during the campaign from
8 to 18 December, PM2.5 daily average concentrations decreased
by 10 µg m−3 with an average decrease of 14.6 %. Our implemented
optimization analysis compared with previous studies also reveals that local
emission reductions play a key role in air quality improvement, although it
shall be supplemented by regional linkage. In terms of regional joint
control, implementing pollution channel control 48 h before the event is
of most benefit in getting similar results. Therefore, it is recommended
that a synergistic emission reduction plan between adjacent areas with local
pollution emission reductions as the core part should be established and
strengthened, and emission reduction plans for different types of pollution
through a stronger regional linkage should be reserved.
The Populist Fantasy
Authors: Miller Daniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article offers an analysis of the populism that is currently ascendent in U.S. politics and society, which takes an ethno-nationalist form. This article argues that contemporary American ethno-nationalism is fantastical in character, rather than being based on empirical political or social concerns. Bringing together the well-established image of the social as the “body politic,” Slavoj Žižek’s theory of political fantasy, and the insights of transgender theory, the article argues that contemporary American ethno-nationalism represents a dysphoric response to a social body experienced as fundamentally misshapen or deformed.
Modal Shift from Car to Bus: A French Case Study in a Rural Context Based on an Integrated Psychosocial Approach
Authors: Castel Davy , Chatain Sophie , Anegmar Souad , Parant Aymeric 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The main goal of this study was to demonstrate relevance of an integrated approach including psychosocial determinants of voluntary travel behavior change (VTBC). The study, conducted in France, aimed to influence car users to use public transport. Compared to previous VTBC programs, this one proposes a more qualitative accompanying framework to participants. Car users participated in the program based on a committing recruitment, an individualized counseling meeting, and a free monthly travel card on public transport, altogether creating a strong commitment context for long-term behavior change. Results reveal the effectiveness of the method since a majority of test travelers continue to use public transport up to three months. Moreover, the program increases the positive attitude toward the bus and “mobility capital” of participants.
The Effect of Chronic Sciatica on the Knee and Ankle Joints
Authors: Al Kutobi Z. T. A. , Al Omari W. R. S. 
Published: July 2019

One hundred patients with chronic sciatica were stud-ied to determine the effects upon the knee and ankle joints of both the sciatic and non-sciatic sides. The frequency of the clinical involvement of the knee and ankle joints at the sciatic side were 51% and 46% respectively, compared to 20% and 6% on the non-sciatic side (p < 0.001).
The most frequent knee and/or ankle joint manifesta-tions on the sciatic side were recurrent pain and tender-ness although these symptoms may be confused with the points of valliex and secondary pain loci. Painful exten-sion, giving way of the knee joint and recurrent twist of the foot seem significant in identifying affectedjoints together with functional limitations and swelling of the knee. Age, gender; duration and affected side seem to have some im-pact on the development of these symptoms.
It is concluded that chronic sciatica may predispose the knee and ankle joints to different insults in the context of muscle weakness, changed biomechanics and neurologi-cal abnormalities, resulting in the above problems.
A retrospective epidemiological study on the incidence of salmonellosis in the State of Qatar during 2004–2012
Authors: Farag Elmoubasher , Garcell Humberto Guanche , Ganesan Nandakumar , Ahmed Shazia Nadeem N. , Al-Hajri Mohammed , Al Thani Shk. Mohammed Hamad J. , Al-Marri Salih Ali , Ibrahim Emad , Al-Romaihi Hamad Eid 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Salmonella is a food- and water-borne pathogen that can be easily spread in a population, leading to the outbreak of salmonellosis that is caused by ingestion of mixed salads contaminated by the pathogen. Most cases occur in the late spring months and can be seen as single cases, clusters, or episodes. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of salmonellosis in the State of Qatar. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study carried out in laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis during 2004–2012 from all Salmonella surveillance centers. Therapeutic records of patients who were clinically suspected of having Salmonella diseases were analyzed. Initially, cases with typhoid fever were investigated in the laboratory by means of Widal agglutination tests, while non-typhoidal Salmonella diseases were determined based on culture technique. Results: The annual incident of salmonellosis cases were 12.3, 23.0, 30.3, 19.4, 15.3, 18.0, 22.7, 18.5, and 18.1 per 100,000 population in 2006–2011 and 2012, respectively. The number of salmonellosis cases was high among less than 2-year-old females and 3-year-old males. In addition, one-fourth of patients (27.7%) were Qatari when compared to other nationalities. A significant difference in age was found between Qatari (6.08 ± 12.28 years) and non-Qatari (15.04 ± 19.56 years) patients. Of the reported cases, 79.8% included the onset date of the first symptoms. Contact phone numbers were available for 94% of the cases but addresses were available for only 50.4% of cases. The time difference between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 5.4 ± 5.7 days. The most frequent serotype reported were type b (41.9%), type d (26.9%), and type c1 (12.2%). Conclusion: The present surveillance data showed a high incidence of salmonellosis in Qatar that poses a serious public health problem. Special intervention and health awareness programs are required for early screening, detection, and treatment as well as for strengthening the surveillance system of salmonellosis, with special emphasis on the laboratory study of cases.
The international answer to the financing of contemporary Islamic terrorism
Authors: van der Kooi Tosca , El Ghadban Tarek 
Published: July 2019

In spite of losing control of all its territories in March 2019, ISIL continues to organize and claim responsibility for attacks around the globe. A reach this wide, unprecedented for any terrorist organization, was mostly possible due to ISIL's centralized funding of trillions of dollars. This paper compares ISIL's financing structure with that of its predecessors in terms of income sources and investment. The main difference with regards to sources of income is the considerably inferior place held by donations. At its prime, ISIL's financial success came from the “efficient” exploitation of lands and populations under their control. As a result, the previously-tried methods used to prevent international terrorist organizations from getting funding are insufficient. Once these territories were lost, it was necessary to adapt the strategy to the new phase of counter-terrorism. Therefore, this paper suggests using the notion of the international liability of private actors to stem the flow of income to ISIL. To do this efficiently, it is necessary to develop a method to identify those financers who would be held liable, to examine in what capacity they would be held liable, and to specify what actions they would be held liable for.
Finally, this paper briefly evaluates the current international strategy for combating terrorism financing and its efficiency.
What Is Left of the Radical Right?
Authors: Otjes Simon 
Published: July 2019

What Is Left of the Radical Right?
This article examines the economic agenda of the Dutch Freedom Party. It finds that this party mixes left-wing and right-wing policy positions. This inconsistency can be understood through the group-based account of Ennser-Jedenastik (2016), which proposes that the welfare state agenda of radical right-wing populist parties can be understood in terms of populism, nativism and authoritarianism. Each of these elements is linked to a particular economic policy: economic nativism, which sees the economic interest of natives and foreigners as opposed; economic populism, which seeks to limit economic privileges for the elite; and economic authoritarianism, which sees the interests of deserving and undeserving poor as opposed. By using these different oppositions, radical right-wing populist parties can reconcile left-wing and right-wing positions.
Interpretation and Utility of Drug of Abuse Screening Immunoassays: Insights From Laboratory Drug Testing Proficiency Surveys
Authors: Krasowski Matthew D. , McMillin Gwendolyn A. , Melanson Stacy E. F. , Dizon Annabel , Magnani Barbarajean , Snozek Christine L. H. 
Published: July 2019

Context.—Urine drug testing is frequently ordered by health care providers. Immunoassays are widely used for drug testing, yet have potential limitations, including variable cross-reactivity. The last decade has seen worsening of a prescription drug abuse epidemic.Objective.—To use data from a College of American Pathologists proficiency testing survey, Urine Drug Testing, Screening, to determine and summarize the characteristics, performance, and limitations of immunoassays.Design.—Seven years of proficiency surveys were reviewed (2011–2017).Results.—Rapid growth was seen in participant volumes for specific immunoassays for synthetic opioids (eg, buprenorphine, fentanyl, oxycodone) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“ecstasy”). Participant volumes remained high for immunoassays targeting less commonly abused drugs such as barbiturates and phencyclidine. For opiate immunoassays, the number of laboratories using a 2000 ng/mL positive cutoff remained stable, and an increasing number adopted a 100 ng/mL cutoff. Opiate and amphetamine immunoassays showed high variability in cross-reactivity for drugs other than the assay calibrator. Assays targeting a single drug or metabolite generally performed well on drug challenges.Conclusions.—Survey results indicate strong clinical interest in urine drug testing and some adoption of new assays. However, urine drug testing availability does not parallel prevailing patterns of drug prescribing and abuse patterns. In particular, specific immunoassays for synthetic opioids and a lower positive cutoff for opiate immunoassays may be underused, whereas immunoassays for barbiturates, methadone, propoxyphene, and phencyclidine may be overused. Laboratories are encouraged to review their test menu, cutoffs, and assay performance and adjust their test offerings based on clinical needs and technical capabilities.
Fertilidade do solo e estoques de carbono e nitrogênio sob sistemas agroflorestais no Cerrado mineiro
Authors: Ribeiro Juliana Martins , Frazão Leidivan Almeida , Fernandes Luiz Arnaldo , Sampaio Regynaldo Arruda , Cardoso Paulo Henrique Silveira , Oliveira Agda Loureiro Gonçalves 
Published: July 2019

Os sistemas agroflorestais são utilizados para diversificar a produção de alimentos, proporcionar aumento na biodiversidade da fauna e da flora e conservação do carbono e nutrientes no solo. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a fertilidade e os estoques de carbono (C) e nitrogênio (N) do solo após dez anos de implantação de sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) no Cerrado mineiro. O estudo foi realizado no Assentamento Agroextrativista Americana, localizado no município de Grão Mogol, mesorregião norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram selecionados três SAFSs e duas áreas de vegetação nativa (VN) adjacentes, utilizadas como referência para o estudo, as quais foram agrupados em função da classe de solo: Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo e Cambissolo Háplico. A amostragem do solo foi realizada em março de 2013, dez anos após a implantação dos SAFs, em que amostras compostas foram retiradas das camadas 0-5 e 0-20 cm de profundidade para avaliação dos teores de nutrientes e densidade aparente, e na primeira camada os estoques de C e N do solo. Os SAFs que foram implantados com manejo baseado em desrama e manutenção da diversidade florística contribuíram com e melhoria da qualidade do solo e manutenção da fertilidade e estoques de C em níveis semelhantes à vegetação nativa. Já o SAF que foi implantado com a prévia supressão da vegetação nativa reduziu a diversidade arbórea e, consequentemente, os estoques de C ao longo do tempo. Porém, o manejo com culturas anuais e uso de leguminosas contribuiu para a melhoria da fertilidade do solo e incremento dos teores e estoques de N.
Efeito da estratificação em substrato esterilizado na qualidade sanitária de sementes de <i>Ilex paraguariensis</i>
Authors: Souza Gabriela Fernanda , Oliveira Luciana Magda de , Agostinetto Lenita , Puchale Louise Zago , Schatz Sá Alexandra Cristina 
Published: July 2019

A estratificação das sementes de Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hill. (erva-mate) em areia úmida por períodos de quatro a seis meses é uma prática comum em viveiros, utilizada para a superação de dormência das mesmas. Entretanto, este processo pode apresentar difícil controle fitossanitário, devido ao elevado grau de umidade e a grande concentração de sementes no mesmo local. Assim, objetivou-se verificar a influência da estratificação em areia autoclavada na qualidade sanitária de sementes de erva-mate. Sementes de quatro lotes foram submetidas à estratificação em areia úmida autoclavada, durante três e seis meses, tendo sua sanidade avaliada em meio BDA ao final destes períodos, assim como em sementes que não passaram por estratificação. Ao final do período de estratificação, as sementes apresentaram aspecto superficial escurecido, o que pode estar ligado à ação dos fungos na degradação do endocarpo das mesmas. Foram identificados: Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. guttiforme, Paecilomyces sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. Já Aureobasidium melanogenum, Trichoderma sp., Curvularia sp., Rhizopus sp., Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp. e Bipolaris sp. tiveram menores ocorrências. Observou-se a redução de Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. guttiforme, Aspergillus sp. e Penicillium sp. após a estratificação em areia autoclavada e o gênero Paecilomyces somente foi observado aos 180 dias de estratificação, podendo estar relacionado com a degradação do endocarpo de sementes de Ilex paraguariensis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis prevention behavior improvement and structured-health education in Bogor regency
Authors: Astuti Verra Widhi , Nursasi Astuti Yuni , Sukihananto Sukihananto 
Published: July 2019

La tuberculosis pulmonar (TB pulmonar) es una enfermedad infecciosa común en el mundo, incluso en Indonesia. Se transmite muy fácilmente a través de las salpicaduras de esputo. Fomenta el desarrollo de intervenciones para controlar la transmisión de la TB, como la educación sanitaria estructurada. El objetivo de este estudio fueron determinar el efecto de la intervención de educación sanitaria estructurada sobre el comportamiento preventivo de la tuberculosis pulmonar en la regencia de Bogor, Indonesia. Este estudio utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental con diseño previo y posterior a la prueba, que involucró a 82 miembros adultos de la comunidad de edad que se dividieron en grupos de intervención y control. El muestreo aleatorio en varias etapas se utilizó para determinar el área de investigación, mientras que el sujeto de investigación se seleccionó mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Los resultados mostraron que la educación estructurada afecta significativamente el conocimiento (valor de p = 0,000), la actitud (valor de p = 0,000) y la prevención de habilidades de transmisión de TB pulmonar (valor de p = 0,000). La salud estructurada podría aplicarse como una alternativa de intervención de enfermería comunitaria que se puede administrar a las personas en riesgo de TB pulmonar.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis (pulmonary TB) is a common infectious disease in the world, including in Indonesia. It is very easily transmitted through sputum splashes. It encourages development of interventions in order to control the transmission of TB, such as structured health education. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of structured health education intervention on the prevention behavior of pulmonary TB in Bogor regency, Indonesia. This study used quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-test design, involving 82 adults age community member who were devided into intervention and control group. The study was conducted in districts with high TB prevalence selected by purposive sampling, while the research subject was selected using simple random sampling. The results showed that structured education significantly affects knowledge (p value = 0,000), attitude (p value = 0,000), and skill prevention of pulmonary TB transmission (p value = 0,000). Structured health could applied as an alternative choice of community nursing interventions that can be given to people at risk of pulmonary TB.
Nursing care after coronary transluminal angioplasty: protocol validation
Authors: Lima Vivian Cristina Gama Souza , Queluci Gisella de Carvalho , Brandão Euzeli da Silva , Silva Camila Pureza Guimarães da , Oliveira Francimar Tinoco de 
Published: July 2019

Objetivos: Validar un protocolo de cuidados elaborado para clientes post-angioplastia transluminal coronaria.Métodos: Para validación del protocolo, se utilizó la técnica Delphi, contando con un panel de nueve jueces, todos enfermeros con experiencia en el área de cardiología. Además de la evaluación cualitativa, según preconiza la técnica Delphi, se utilizaron medidas cuantitativas como el índice de validez de contenido y la tasa de concordancia.Resultados: De acuerdo con las sugerencias hechas por los expertos en cada ronda, el documento fue ajustado hasta alcanzar la tasa de concordancia e índice de validez de contenido de por lo menos 0,9, siendo necesarias tres rondas de cuestionarios.Conclusión: El protocolo de validación se considera la herramienta para guiar la práctica de las personas que trabajan en esta área específica.
Objectives: To validate an elaborate care protocol for clients after coronary transluminal angioplasty.Methods: For the validation of the protocol, the Delphi technique was used, counting on a panel of nine judges, all nurses with expertise in the area of cardiology. In addition to the qualitative evaluation, as recommended by the Delphi technique, we used quantitative measures such as the content validity index and the agreement rate.Results: According to the suggestions made by the experts in each round, the document was adjusted to reach the agreement rate and content validity index of at least 0,9, requiring three rounds of questionnaires.Conclusion: The validated protocol is considered a tool to guide the practice of nurses working in this specific area.
Objetivo: Validar um protocolo de cuidados elaborado para clientes pós-angioplastia transluminal coronariana. Métodos: Para validação do protocolo, foi utilizada a técnica Delphi, contando com um painel de nove juízes, todos enfermeiros com expertise na área de cardiologia. Além da avaliação qualitativa, conforme preconiza a técnica Delphi, utilizou-se medidas quantitativas como o índice de validade de conteúdo e a taxa de concordância. Resultados: De acordo com as sugestões feitas pelos especialistas em cada rodada, o documento foi ajustado até atingir a taxa de concordância e índice de validade de conteúdo de no mínimo 0,9, sendo necessárias três rodadas de questionários. Conclusões: Considera-se o protocolo validado uma ferramenta para nortear a prática do enfermeiro que atua nesta área específica.