bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Surgical Treatments for Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage and Imaging Factors Affecting Hematoma Evacuation Rate by Neuroendoscopic Surgery
Authors: Guo Ai-Shun , Lin Guo-Shi , Xie Da-Hua , Huang Yan , Zhou Chang-Fu , Chen Yan-Feng , Sun Mei-Zhen , Shi Gui-Mei , Lin Rui-Sheng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Basal ganglia hemorrhage (BGH) is a devastating neurologic disease with high morbidity and mortality, and its management is still controversial. We evaluated the effectiveness of surgical treatments for BGH and investigated computed tomography (CT) imaging features affecting the hematoma evacuation rate (ER) in patients treated with neuroendoscopic surgery.
Materials and Methods A total of 104 BGH patients who underwent craniotomy, burr-hole drainage, or neuroendoscopic surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and postoperative complications were compared. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were applied to identify imaging factors associated with ER.
Results A significant difference in ER was observed: 78.4% in patients treated with neuroendoscopic surgery, 33.6% in patients treated with burr-hole drainage, and 82.5% in patients treated with craniotomy (p < 0.001). Similar results were observed for operative time (p < 0.001). Five cases (12.5%) of rebleeding were found in patients treated with burr-hole drainage (p = 0.020). No significant difference was found for pneumonia, intracranial infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, hospital mortality, hospital stay, expenses, 3-day Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores after surgery, or GCS at discharge. The CT imaging feature, the island sign (p = 0.004), was observed as an independent factor correlated with lower ER for neuroendoscopic surgery.
Conclusions The benefits and drawbacks of surgical treatments confirmed they have their own indications, and neuroendoscopic surgery may be relatively beneficial for BGH treatment. The island sign was an independent factor affecting ER for neuroendoscopic surgery. Therefore, comprehensive assessment of clinical data, especially the island sign, should be performed preoperatively in BGH patients.
Cyber espionage through Botnets
Authors: Bederna Zsolt , Szadeczky Tamas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Botnets, the groups of illegally controlled infected devices on the Internet have had a history of two decades already. This history shows an evolution of the infection techniques, the scope of the target devices, and their usage. Thus, the new direction is the usage of sophisticated data leakage techniques by state-sponsored hacker groups. Our article analyses this evolution while focusing on Botnet usage for cyber espionage. We present the Botnet architecture in the context of network science research, lifecycle, applied network protocols, and capabilities. Next, we analyze two examples, the APT28 group activities and the VPNFilter Botnet, which demonstrate the real-life cyber espionage capability of this technique.
The Trinity Lancaster Corpus
Authors: Gablasova Dana , Brezina Vaclav , McEnery Tony 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces a new corpus resource for language learning research, the Trinity Lancaster Corpus (TLC), which contains 4.2 million words of interaction between L1 and L2 speakers of English. The corpus includes spoken production from over 2,000 L2 speakers from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds at different levels of proficiency engaged in two to four tasks. The paper provides a description of the TLC and places it in the context of current learner corpus development and research. The discussion of practical decisions taken in the construction of the TLC also enables a critical reflection on current methodological issues in corpus construction.
State of the art measurements with TexAT
Authors: Bishop J , Rogachev G V , Aboud E , Ahn S , Assunção M , Barbui M , Bosh A , Guimarães V , Hooker J , Hunt C , Jayatissa D , Koshchiy E , Lukyanov S , O’Dwyer R , Penionzhkevich Y , Pollacco E , Pruitt C , Roeder B T , Saastamoinen A , Sobotka L , Uberseder E , Upadhyayula S , Zamora J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the past several years, there has been a large interest of Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) for use in experimental nuclear physics. This has continued in tandem with the requirement for high efficiency detectors with low intensity radioactive ion beams. TexAT is a Active Target TPC (AT-TPC) built at Texas A&M University utilizing MICRO MEsh GASeous (MicroMegas) pads and GET electronics developed specifically for TPCs. This design combines good TPC pixelation with a surrounding shell of Si/CsI telescopes to make an extremely versatile detector capable of a wide range of different experimental techniques with only minor modifications to the electronics setup. Two recent experiments performed at the Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, are detailed here demonstrating versatility beyond the usual Thick Target Inverse Kinematics (TTIK) or transfer reactions that these TPCs are more typically used for. The first, a measurement of the 12N → 12C* → 3α decay demonstrates the capabilities of TexAT as a low-energy detector operating at low pressure (20 Torr) to measure β-delayed particle decay. The second, a direct measurement of the 8B+40Ar fusion cross section shows the advantages of operating in active target mode where the target also functions as the detector gas.
Significantly Increased Patient Satisfaction Following Liquid Formulation AbobotulinumtoxinA Treatment in Glabellar Lines: FACE-Q Outcomes From a Phase 3 Clinical Trial
Authors: Ascher Benjamin , Rzany Berthold , Kestemont Philippe , Hilton Said , Heckmann Marc , Bodokh Isaac , Noah Ernst Magnus , Boineau Dominique , Kerscher Martina , Volteau Magali , Le Berre Philippe , Picaut Philippe 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The FACE-Q patient-reported outcome assesses patient experiences/outcomes with aesthetic facial procedure. A recent trial of abobotulinumtoxinA (ASI, liquid formulation) was the first to our knowledge to assess satisfaction with FACE-Q after glabellar line (GL) injection.

Objectives
The authors sought to evaluate patient satisfaction with ASI for GL treatment employing 3 FACE-Q scales: facial appearance, psychological well-being, and aging appearance.

Methods
This was a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT02353871) of ASI 50 units in adults with moderate-to-severe GL with 6-month follow-up.

Results
Significantly greater least squares mean changes from baseline were associated with ASI treatment (N = 125) vs placebo (N = 59) for satisfaction with facial appearance at all visits until day 148 (5 months; P &lt; 0.0001-0.0037), psychological well-being at all visits (P &lt; 0.0001-0.0279), and aging appearance at all visits except day 148 (P &lt; 0.0001-0.0409). Significant differences (ASI vs placebo) were observed at all visits for individual items: “how rested your face looks” (P &lt; 0.0001-0.0415), “I feel okay about myself” (P = 0.0011-0.0399), and “I feel attractive” (P &lt; 0.0001-0.0102). Maximal least squares mean (standard error) changes in aging appearance score were −1.4 (0.3; ASI) and −0.3 (0.4; placebo). Investigators’ live assessment of GL at maximum frown significantly correlated with improvements in FACE-Q facial appearance and psychological scales (all patients: r = −0.41 and r = −0.36 [both P &lt; 0.0001], respectively).

Conclusions
Significant improvements in patient satisfaction with aging, facial appearance, and, importantly, psychological well-being were demonstrated with ASI employing FACE-Q scales up to 5 to 6 months post-injection. Results support a long duration of efficacy with ASI and use of FACE-Q in future trials and clinical practice.

Level of Evidence: 1
ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY AND RISK OF TRACTION RETINAL DETACHMENT IN EYES WITH PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Bressler Neil M. , Beaulieu Wesley T. , Bressler Susan B. , Glassman Adam R. , Melia B. Michele , Jampol Lee M. , Jhaveri Chirag D. , Salehi-Had Hani , Velez Gisela , Sun Jennifer K. ,   for the DRCR Retina Network
Published: September 2019

Purpose:To investigate whether anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) for diabetic macular edema or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) increases the risk of traction retinal detachment (TRD) among eyes with PDR.Methods:Pooled analysis of PDR eyes from Protocols I, J, N, S, or T with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study level ≥61 (prompt vitrectomy was not planned) randomly assigned to the control group (laser photocoagulation, sham, or intravitreal saline; 396 eyes) or anti-VEGF (487 eyes). The primary outcome was investigator-identified TRD within 1 year of randomization.Results:The 1-year cumulative probability of TRD was 6.8% (95% confidence interval: 4.6%–9.9%, 25 events) in control-group eyes and 4.8% (95% confidence interval: 3.2%–7.3%, 22 events) in anti-VEGF group eyes (hazard ratio = 0.95 [95% confidence interval: 0.54–1.66,P= 0.86]). The cumulative probability of vitrectomy for TRD was 4.4% (16 events) in control-group eyes and 2.2% (9 events) in anti-VEGF group eyes (P= 0.19). Percentage with TRD and vitrectomy for TRD were similar within strata of diabetic retinopathy severity.Conclusion:These findings do not support the hypothesis that anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic macular edema or PDR increases the risk of TRD among eyes with PDR similar to those enrolled in five DRCR Retina Network protocols for which prompt vitrectomy was not planned.
Considering Propulsion Pattern in Therapeutic Outcomes for Children Who Use Manual Wheelchairs
Authors: Rammer Jacob R. , Krzak Joseph J. , Slavens Brooke A. , Winters Jack M. , Riedel Susan A. , Harris Gerald F. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
Children who use manual wheelchairs encounter pain and injury risks to the upper body. Current literature does not describe how propulsion pattern and physiotherapeutic training methodologies impact response to treatment.

Methods:
This study assesses the effect of community-based intensive physical and occupational therapy on functional outcomes over a 7-week period in pediatric manual wheelchair users.

Results:
Key results include significant joint and musculotendon kinematic differences at the shoulder, improved speed and propulsion effectiveness, and changed propulsion pattern.

Conclusions:
Statistics also revealed that propulsion pattern was a predictor of response to therapy, as was weekly therapeutic duration, wheelchair-specific focus by the therapists, and stretching.
Blood Pressure and Memory
Authors: Liu Anran , Sun Zhaowen , McDade Eric M. , Hughes Tiffany F. , Ganguli Mary , Chang Chung-Chou H. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Linear models cannot capture nonlinear associations when the relationships between cognition and risk factors vary across risk levels. We demonstrate a method of modelling nonlinear associations using the example of blood pressure (BP) and memory.

Methods:
We measured memory and BP (in mm Hg) annually for 10 years in a population-based cohort (N=1982) aged 65+. We evaluated the relationship between BP and memory at the same time points using both linear mixed models and generalized additive mixed models with smoothing splines, adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results:
Linear mixed models found no significant associations. Generalized additive mixed models detected different associations between BP and memory across baseline BP categories (normotensive, hypertensive, hypotensive). Among normotensives, systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) around 140/80 was associated with the highest, while SBP/DBP around 110/60 was associated with the lowest, predicted memory scores. Among hypertensives, SBP/DBP around 130/85 was associated with the highest, while SBP/DBP around 150/65 was associated with the lowest, predicted memory scores. Among hypotensives, no significant association was found. Among both normotensives and hypertensives, a DBP >75 was associated with better memory.

Conclusions:
By modelling nonlinear associations, we showed that the relationship between BP and memory performance varied by baseline BP among normotensives and hypertensives.
Virtual Support Groups for Informal Caregivers of Individuals With Dementia
Authors: Armstrong Melissa J. , Alliance Slande 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
The purpose of this scoping systematic review was to inform virtual support group development for informal caregivers of dementia by identifying published approaches, outcomes, barriers, and facilitators.

Methods:
A scoping systematic review was performed using 5 search engines. Studies were included if they utilized virtual support groups for informal caregivers of persons with dementia. Study details, support group characteristics, outcomes, barriers, facilitators, and recommended approaches were extracted and summarized.

Results:
Of 1052 identified articles, 87 were retrieved; 62 were excluded largely because they described other virtual interventions. Groups typically used teleconferences or internet-based videoconferences, included 4 to 6 participants, lasted 60 minutes, and occurred weekly or monthly. Moderators were professionals; moderator training was common. Content focused on support, education, or both. Covered topics included dementia knowledge, caregiving skills, coping, and resources. Costs related to technology, programming, and staffing. Although most studies identified no statistical differences, caregivers described many participation benefits. Common barriers were technology and access. Facilitators included training, technology support, small groups, and skilled leaders.

Conclusions:
Clinics desiring to start virtual support groups should consider videoconferencing or telephone approaches with pretraining, technology support, and professional moderators. Clinics need adequate resources, particularly for technology, and identification of locally relevant goals and approach.
EomesandBrachyurycontrol pluripotency exit and germ layer segregation by changes of chromatin state
Authors: Tosic Jelena , Kim Gwang-Jin , Pavlovic Mihael , Schröder Chiara M. , Mersiowsky Sophie-Luise , Barg Margareta , Hofherr Alexis , Probst Simone , Köttgen Michael , Hein Lutz , Arnold Sebastian J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe first lineage specification of pluripotent mouse epiblast segregates neuroectoderm (NE) from mesoderm and endoderm (ME) by currently poorly understood mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that the induction of any ME-gene programs critically relies on the T-box (Tbx) transcription factorsEomesandBrachyurythat concomitantly repress pluripotency and NE gene programs. Tbx-deficient cells retain pluripotency and differentiate to NE lineages despite the presence of ME-inducing signals TGFβ/Nodal and WNT. Pluripotency and NE gene networks are additionally repressed by Tbx-induced ME factors, demonstrating a remarkable redundancy in program regulation to safeguard mutually exclusive lineage specification. Chromatin analyses revealed that accessibility of ME-gene enhancers depends on Tbx-binding, while NE-gene enhancers are accessible and activation-primed already at pluripotency state. This asymmetry of chromatin landscape thus explains the default differentiation of pluripotent cells to NE in the absence of ME-induction mediated through the activating and repressive functions of early Tbx factorsEomes andBrachyury.
The Mosquito Electrocuting Trap As An Exposure-Free Method For Measuring Human Biting Rates ByAedesMosquito Vectors
Authors: Ortega-López Leonardo D. , Pondeville Emilie , Kohl Alain , León Renato , Betancourth Mauro Pazmiño , Almire Floriane , Torres-Valencia Sergio , Saldarriaga Segundo , Mirzai Nozrat , Ferguson Heather M. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundEntomological monitoring ofAedesvectors has largely relied on surveillance of larvae, pupae and non-host-seeking adults, which have been poorly correlated with human disease incidence. Exposure to mosquito-borne diseases can be more directly estimated using Human Landing Catches (HLC), although this method is not recommended forAedes-borne arboviruses. We evaluated a new method previously tested with malaria vectors, the Mosquito Electrocuting Trap (MET) as an exposure-free alternative for measuring landing rates ofAedesmosquitoes on people. Aims were to 1) compare the MET to the BG-sentinel (BGS) trap gold standard approach for sampling host-seekingAedesvectors; 2) characterize the diel activity ofAedesvectors and their association with microclimatic conditions.MethodsThe study was conducted over 12 days in Quinindé – Ecuador in May 2017. Mosquito sampling stations were set up in the peridomestic area of four houses. On each day of sampling, each house was allocated either a MET or a BGS trap, which were rotated amongst the four houses daily in a Latin square design. Mosquito abundance and microclimatic conditions were recorded hourly at each sampling station between 07:00-19:00 hours to assess variation between vector abundance, trapping methods, and environmental conditions. AllAedes aegyptifemales were tested for the presence of Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses.ResultsA higher number ofAe. aegyptifemales were found in MET than in BGS collections, although no statistically significant differences in meanAe. aegyptiabundance between trapping methods were found. Both trapping methods indicated femaleAe. aegyptihad bimodal patterns of host seeking, being highest during early morning and late afternoon hours. MeanAe. aegyptidaily abundance was negatively associated with daily temperature. No infection by ZIKV, DENV or CHIKV was detected in anyAedesmosquitoes caught by either trapping method.ConclusionWe conclude the MET performs at least as well as the BGS standard, and offers the additional advantage of direct measurement ofper capitahuman biting rates. If detection of arboviruses can be confirmed in MET-collectedAedesin future studies, this surveillance method could provide a valuable tool for surveillance and prediction on human arboviral exposure risk.
Internalizing Symptoms Associate with the Pace of Epigenetic Aging in Childhood
Authors: Tollenaar Marieke S. , Beijers Roseriet , Garg Elika , Nguyen T.T. Thao , Lin David T.S. , MacIsaac Julia L. , Shalev Idan , Kobor Michael S. , Meaney Michael J. , O’Donnell Kieran J. , de Weerth Carolina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChildhood psychiatric symptoms may be associated with advanced biological aging. This study examined whether epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) associates with internalizing and externalizing symptoms across childhood in a longitudinal cohort study. At age 6 buccal epithelial cells from 148 children (69 girls) were collected to survey genome-wide DNA methylation. EAA was estimated using the Horvath clock. Internalizing symptoms at ages 2.5 and 4 years significantly predicted higher EAA at age 6, which in turn was significantly associated with internalizing symptoms from ages 6 to 10 years. Similar trends for externalizing symptoms did not reach significance. These findings indicate advanced biological aging in relation to child mental health and may help better identify those at risk for lasting impairments associated with internalizing disorders.
Diversity and function of maternal HIV-1-specific antibodies at the time of vertical transmission
Authors: Doepker Laura E. , Simonich Cassandra A. , Ralph Duncan , Gobillot Theodore , Garrett Meghan , Vigdorovich Vladimir , Sather D. Noah , Nduati Ruth , Matsen Frederick A. , Overbaugh Julie M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInfants of HIV positive mothers can acquire HIV infection by various routes, but even in the absence of antiviral treatment, the majority of these infants do not become infected. There is evidence that maternal antibodies may provide some protection from infection, but gestational maternal antibodies have not yet been characterized in detail. One of the most studied vertically-infected infants is BG505, as the virus from this infant yielded an Envelope protein that was successfully developed as a stable trimer. Here, we isolated and characterized 39 HIV-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) from MG505, the mother of BG505, at a time point just prior to vertical transmission. These nAbs belonged to 21 clonal families, employed a variety of VH genes, many were specific for the HIV-1 Env V3 loop, and this V3 specificity correlated with measurable antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. The isolated nAbs did not recapitulate the full breadth of heterologous nor autologous virus neutralization by contemporaneous plasma. Notably, we found that the V3-targeting nAb families neutralized one particular maternal Env variant even though all tested variants had low V3 sequence diversity and were measurably bound by these nAbs. None of the nAbs neutralized the BG505 transmitted virus. Furthermore, the MG505 nAb families were found at relatively low frequencies within the maternal B cell repertoire: all less than 0.25% of total IgG sequences. Our findings demonstrate the diversity of HIV-1 nAbs that exist within a single mother, resulting in a collection of antibody specificities that can shape the transmission bottleneck.ImportanceMother-to-child-transmission of HIV-1 offers a unique setting in which maternal antibodies both within the mother and passively-transferred to the infant are present at the time of viral exposure. Untreated HIV-exposed human infants are infected at a rate of 30-40%, meaning that some infants do not get infected despite continued exposure to virus. Since the potential of HIV-specific immune responses to provide protection against HIV is a central goal of HIV vaccine design, understanding the nature of maternal antibodies may provide insights into immune mechanisms of protection. In this study, we isolated and characterized HIV-specific antibodies from the mother of an infant whose transmitted virus has been well studied.
The 5’-NAD cap of RNAIII modulates toxin production in Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Authors: Morales-Filloy Hector Gabriel , Zhang Yaqing , Nübel Gabriele , George Shilpa Elizabeth , Korn Natalya , Wolz Christiane , Jäschke Andres 
Published: September 2019

1AbstractNicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD) has been found to be covalently attached to the 5’-ends of specific RNAs in many different organisms, but the physiological consequences of this modification are largely unknown. Here we report the occurrence of several NAD-RNAs in the opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Most prominently, RNAIII, a central quorum-sensing regulator of this bacterium’s physiology, was found to be 5’-NAD-capped to a significant extent. NAD incorporation efficiency into RNAIII was found to depend in vivo on the −1 position of the P3 promoter. Reduction of RNAIII’s NAD content led to a decreased expression of alpha- and delta-toxins, resulting in reduced cytotoxicity of the modified strains. These effects to not seem to be due to changes in RNAIII’s secondary structure upon NAD attachment, as indicated by largely unaltered patterns in in vitro chemical probing experiments. Our study represents a large step towards establishing a biological function of the 5’-NAD cap, which for RNAIII in S. aureus is to modulate the expression of virulence factors.2ImportanceNumerous organisms, including bacteria, are endowed with a 5’-NAD cap in specific RNAs. While the presence of the 5’-NAD cap modulates the stability of the modified RNA species, a significant biological function and phenotype have not been assigned so far. Here, we show the presence of a 5’-NAD cap in RNAIII from S. aureus, a dual-function regulatory RNA involved in quorum-sensing processes and regulation of virulence factor expression. We also demonstrate that altering the natural NAD modification ratio of RNAIII leads to a decrease in exotoxin production, thereby modulating bacterium’s virulence. Our work unveils a new layer of regulation of RNAIII and the agr system that might be linked to the redox state of the NAD molecule in the cell.