bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shame and recognition: Social work practice with vulnerable young people
Authors: Munford Robyn , Sanders Jackie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDrawing on the findings from a longitudinal study of vulnerable young people's transitions to adulthood, this paper explores the ideas of shame and recognition. The young people, aged between 12 and 17 years at the first interview, had experienced chronic exposure to adversity from an early age (abuse, violence, mental health issues, addictions, and expulsion from school). They were clients of statutory and non‐governmental services: child welfare, juvenile justice, remedial education, and mental health services. This paper draws on the qualitative phase of the study (n = 107); young people and a trusted other, nominated by the young person, participated in three annual qualitative interviews. Interviews focused on young people's experiences of services, key transitions, their relationships, and the strategies they used to locate support and resources. Experiences of shame, misrecognition, and seeking recognition emerged as dominant themes in the young people's accounts, and these are explored in this paper. The paper concludes with a discussion on responsive social work interventions that generate a deeper understanding of young people's experiences of shame and misrecognition. Central to this practice are critical and relational social work practices that actively support young people to achieve recognition.
Esthetic, clinical, and radiographic outcomes of two surgical approaches for single implant in the esthetic area: 1‐year results of a randomized controlled trial with parallel design
Authors: Huynh‐Ba Guy , Hoders Ashley B. , Meister David J. , Prihoda Thomas J. , Mills Michael P. , Mealey Brian L. , Cochran David L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimThe objectives of this study were to compare (a) esthetic, (b) clinical, (c) radiographic, and (d) patient‐centered outcomes following immediate (Type 1) and early implant placement (Type 2).Material and MethodsForty‐six subjects needing a single extraction (premolar to premolar) were randomly allocated to Type 1 or Type 2 implant placement. One year following permanent restoration, evaluation of (a) Esthetics using soft tissue positions, and the pink and white esthetic scores (PES/WES), (b) Clinical performance using probing depth, modified plaque index, and sulcus bleeding index (c) Radiographic bone level, and (d) Patient satisfaction by means of visual analogue scales (VAS) was recorded.ResultsThirty‐five patients completed the one‐year examination (Type 1,n = 20; Type 2,n = 15). Type 1 implants lost 1.03 ± 0.24 mm (mean ± SE) of mid‐facial soft tissue height while Type 2 implants lost 1.37 ± 0.28 mm (p = 0.17). The papillae height on the mesial and distal was reduced about 1 mm following both procedures. Frequency of clinical acceptability as defined by PES ≥ 6 (Type 1: 55% vs. Type 2 40%), WES ≥ 6 (Type 1: 45% vs. Type 2 27%) was not significantly different between groups (p > 0.05). Clinical and radiographic were indicative of peri‐implant health. Patient‐centered outcomes failed to demonstrate significant differences between the two cohorts.ConclusionOne year after final restoration, there were no significant differences in esthetic, clinical, radiographic, and patient‐centered outcomes following Type 1 and Type 2 implant placement. At one year, patient satisfaction may be achieved irrespective of the two placement protocols.
Obesity prevention in corticosteroid‐treated patients: Use and effectiveness of strategies for weight management
Authors: Conklin Annalijn I. , Hong Jenny 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWe conducted a systematic review to identify the use and effectiveness of clinical interventions to prevent or mitigate weight gain in patients using systemic corticosteroids. We independently searched nine bibliometric databases for reviews and longitudinal studies published up to 26 October 2018, and assessed the quality of studies meeting inclusion criteria. We identified 3893 records and screened 3037 eligible studies, read four full‐texts and extracted data from three randomized control trials. Two studies examined a diet‐only intervention for weight management, while one study examined a mixed intervention for diet and exercise. Overall, existing evidence is of poor quality and based on small feasibility studies of either paediatric leukaemia or female lupus patients, which suggested divergent effects of lifestyle interventions on weight, body mass index or waist circumference. Current evidence suggests a state of clinical equipoise that deserves greater research attention given the prevalent use of corticosteroids for treating a variety of chronic conditions. Robust high‐quality longitudinal studies to decipher preventive strategies of steroid‐induced weight gain must be prioritized in research and policy to improve patient care and prevent further obesity‐related disease burden.
Hybridization as a conservation management tool
Authors: Chan Wing Yan , Hoffmann Ary A. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe recent extensive loss of biodiversity raises the question of whether organisms will adapt in time to survive the current era of rapid environmental change, and whether today's conservation practices and policies are appropriate. We review the benefits and risks of inter‐ and intraspecific hybridization as a conservation management tool aimed at enhancing adaptive potential and survival, with particular reference to coral reefs. We conclude that hybridization is underutilized and that many of its perceived risks are possibly overstated; the few applications of hybridization in conservation to date have already shown positive outcomes. Moreover, perceptions of potential risk change significantly when the focus of conservation is on preserving the adaptive potential of a species/population, instead of preserving the species in its original state. Further, we suggest that the uncertain legal status of hybrids as entities of protection can be costly to society and ecosystems, and that a legislative revision of hybrids and hybridization is overdue. We present a decision tree to help assess when and where hybridization can be a suitable conservation tool, and whether inter‐ or intraspecific hybridization is the preferred option.
Climatic predictors of species distributions neglect biophysiologically meaningful variables
Authors: Gardner Alexandra S. , Maclean Ilya M.D. , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) have played a pivotal role in predicting how species might respond to climate change. To generate reliable and realistic predictions from these models requires the use of climate variables that adequately capture physiological responses of species to climate and therefore provide a proximal link between climate and their distributions. Here, we examine whether the climate variables used in plant SDMs are different from those known to influence directly plant physiology.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe carry out an extensive, systematic review of the climate variables used to model the distributions of plant species and provide comparison to the climate variables identified as important in the plant physiology literature. We calculate the top 10 SDM and physiology variables at 2.5° spatial resolution for the globe and use principal component analyses and multiple regression to assess similarity between the climatic variation described by both variable sets.ResultsWe find that the most commonly used SDM variables do not reflect the most important physiological variables and differ in two main ways: (a) SDM variables rely on seasonal or annual rainfall as simple proxies of water available to plants and neglect more direct measures such as soil water content; and (b) SDM variables are typically averaged across seasons or years and overlook the importance of climatic events within the critical growth period of plants. We identify notable differences in their spatial gradients globally and show where distal variables may be less reliable proxies for the variables to which species are known to respond.Main conclusionsThere is a growing need for the development of accessible, fine‐resolution global climate surfaces of physiological variables. This would provide a means to improve the reliability of future range predictions from SDMs and support efforts to conserve biodiversity in a changing climate.
Characteristics of Turkish children with Type 2 diabetes at onset: a multicentre, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hatun S. , Yesiltepe Mutlu G. , Cinaz P. , Turan S. , Ekberzade A. , Bereket A. , Erbas M. Y. , Akcay T. , Onal H. , Bolu S. , Arslanoglu I. , Doger E. , Yilmaz A. A. , Ucakturk A. , Karabulut G. S. , Tuhan H. Ü. , Demir K. , Erdeve S. S. , Aycan Z. , Nalbantoğlu Ö. , Kara C. , Gungor N. ,   the turkish type 2 diabetes research group
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo describe the baseline clinical and laboratory findings and treatment modalities of 367 children and adolescents diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in various paediatric endocrinology centres in Turkey.MethodsA standard questionnaire regarding clinical and laboratory characteristics at onset was uploaded to an online national database system. Data for 367 children (aged 6–18 years) newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes at 37 different paediatric endocrinology centres were analysed.ResultsAfter exclusion of the children with a BMI Z‐score < 1 SD, those with genetic syndromes associated with Type 2 diabetes, and those whose C‐peptide and/or insulin levels were not available, 227 cases were included in the study. Mean age was 13.8 ± 2.2 (range 6.5–17.8) years, with female preponderance (68%). Family history of Type 2 diabetes was positive in 86% of the children. The mean BMI was 31.3 ± 6.5 kg/m2 (range 18.7–61) and BMI Z‐score was 2.4 ± 0.8 (range 1–5). More than half (57%) of the children were identified by an opportunistic diabetes screening due to existing risk markers without typical symptoms of diabetes. Only 13% (n = 29) were treated solely by lifestyle modification, while 40.5% (n = 92) were treated with metformin, 13% (n = 30) were treated with insulin, and 33.5% (n = 76) were treated with a combination of insulin and metformin initially. Mean HbA1C levels of the insulin and combination of insulin and metformin groups were 98 (11.1%) and 102 mmol/mol (11.5%), respectively, and also were significantly higher than the lifestyle modification only and metformin groups mean HbA1C levels (70(8.6%) and 67 mmol/mol (8.3%), respectively).ConclusionsAn opportunistic screening of children who are at high risk of Type 2 diabetes is essential, as our data showed that > 50% of the children were asymptomatic at diagnosis. The other important result of our study was the high rate of exclusion from the initial registration (38%), suggesting that accurate diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes in youth is still problematic, even for paediatric endocrinologists.
Mechanisms underlying the cardiometabolic protective effect of walnut consumption in obese people: A cross‐over, randomized, double‐blind, controlled inpatient physiology study
Authors: Tuccinardi Dario , Farr Olivia M. , Upadhyay Jagriti , Oussaada Sabrina M. , Klapa Maria I. , Candela Marco , Rampelli Simone , Lehoux Sylvain , Lázaro Iolanda , Sala‐Vila Aleix , Brigidi Patrizia , Cummings Richard D. , Mantzoros Christos S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess the effects of walnuts on cardiometabolic outcomes in obese people and to explore the underlying mechanisms using novel methods including metabolomic, lipidomic, glycomic and microbiome analysis, integrated with lipid particle fractionation, appetite‐regulating hormones and haemodynamic measurements.Materials and MethodsA total of 10 obese individuals were enrolled in this cross‐over, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. The participants had two 5‐day inpatient stays, during which they consumed a smoothie containing 48 g walnuts or a macronutrient‐matched placebo smoothie without nuts, with a 1‐month washout period between the two visits.ResultsWalnut consumption improved aspects of the lipid profile; it reduced fasting small and dense LDL particles (P < 0.02) and increased postprandial large HDL particles (P < 0.01). Lipoprotein insulin resistance score, glucose and the insulin area under the curve (AUC) decreased significantly after walnut consumption (P < 0.01, P < 0.02 and P < 0.04, respectively). Consuming walnuts significantly increased 10 N‐glycans, with eight of them carrying a fucose core. Lipidomic analysis showed a robust reduction in harmful ceramides, hexosylceramides and sphingomyelins, which have been shown to mediate effects on cardiometabolic risk. The peptide YY AUC significantly increased after walnut consumption (P < 0.03). No major significant changes in haemodynamic or metabolomic analysis or in microbiome host health‐promoting bacteria such as Faecalibacterium were found.ConclusionsThese data provide a more comprehensive mechanistic perspective of the effect of dietary walnut consumption on cardiometabolic variables. Lipidomic and lipid nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis showed an early but significant reduction in ceramides and other atherogenic lipids with walnut consumption, which may explain the longer‐term benefits of walnuts or other nuts on insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk and mortality.
Longitudinal strain measured by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography to evaluate left ventricular function in patients with myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery
Authors: Zhang Minping , Yang Jun , Ma Chunyan , Liu Minghui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesMyocardial bridging (MB) can cause myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, or even sudden cardiac death. We aimed to evaluate the left ventricular function in patients withMBof the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) using longitudinal strain (LS) measured by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.MethodsWe enrolled 46 subjects withMBin theLADdiagnosed by coronary angiography. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the severity of tunneled artery stenosis: <50% as group I (23 patients) and ≥50% as groupII(23 patients). Twenty‐five gender‐ and age‐matched subjects withoutMBconfirmed by coronary angiography or with normal results on treadmill exercise test were included as controls. Two‐dimensional strain software was applied to measure the territories systolic average peakLSof theLADcoronary artery (LAD‐TPLS), right coronary artery (RCA‐TPLS), and left circumflex coronary artery (LCX‐TPLS) and to measure the global systolic peakLSof left ventricle (LV‐GPLS).ResultsThe ratio of mitral peak early (E) and late (A) filling velocity (E/A) and the average mitral annular velocity (e′) were lower, and the mitral E/e′ ratio was higher in groupIIthan in group I and controls (P < 0.05).LV‐GPLSandLAD‐TPLSwere significantly less negative in groupIIthan in group I and controls (LV‐GPLS: −19.77 ± 1.60% vs −21.10 ± 1.91% and −21.76 ± 1.23%;LAD‐TPLS: −19.24 ± 2.22% vs −22.00 ± 2.22% and −22.74 ± 1.82%,P < 0.001). The systolic compression severity of the tunneled artery was significantly correlated withLAD‐TPLS(r = −0.56,P < 0.001), but less strongly correlated withLV‐GPLS(r = −0.40,P < 0.05). The area under the curves ofLAD‐TPLSwas larger than that ofLV‐GPLS; a cutoff value forLAD‐TPLSof −21.68% had 91.3% sensitivity and 73.9% specificity for detection of ≥50% of the tunneled artery stenosis.ConclusionsIn patients with ≥50% systolic narrowing of the tunneled artery, left ventricular systolic function and diastolic function were impaired, and theLAD‐TPLSis an excellent predictor of ≥50% systolic narrowing of the tunneled artery in patients withMBof theLAD.
Cutis marmorata in decompression sickness is associated with a patent foramen ovale
Authors: Kerut Christian K. , Serio Joseph R. , Kerut Edmund K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA 39‐year‐old male commercial diver developed cutis marmorata after a dive. He had a full recovery after therapy in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed an atrial septal aneurysm and a large shunt during normal respirations. This form of decompression sickness may progress to type II DCS, thus is important to identify and treat. Cutis marmorata as a result of diving is highly associated with an atrial septal defect or a large patent foramen ovale. It is particularly important to assess these patients for a right‐to‐left shunt as part of a medical evaluation prior to returning to diving.
Nonlinear frequency‐dependent selection promotes long‐term coexistence between bacteria species
Authors: Harmand Noémie , Federico Valentine , Hindré Thomas , Lenormand Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNegative frequency‐dependent selection (NFDS) is an important mechanism for species coexistence and for the maintenance of genetic polymorphism. Long‐term coexistence nevertheless requires NFDS interactions to be resilient to further evolution of the interacting species or genotypes. For closely related genotypes, NFDS interactions have been shown to be preserved through successive rounds of evolution in coexisting lineages. On the contrary, the evolution of NFDS interactions between distantly related species has received less attention. Here, we tracked the co‐evolution of Escherichia coli and Citrobacter freundii that initially differ in their ecological characteristics. We showed that these two bacterial species engaged in an NFDS interaction particularly resilient to further evolution: despite a very strong asymmetric rate of adaptation, their coexistence was maintained owing to an NFDS pattern where fitness increases steeply as the frequency decreases towards zero. Using a model, we showed how and why such NFDS pattern can emerge. These findings provide a robust explanation for the long‐term maintenance of species at very low frequencies.
2017 WONOEP appraisal: Studying epilepsy as a network disease using systems biology approaches
Authors: Mahoney John M. , Mills James D. , Muhlebner Angelika , Noebels Jeffrey , Potschka Heidrun , Simonato Michele , Kobow Katja 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe revolution in high‐throughput omics technologies has dramatically expanded our understanding of the epilepsies as complex diseases. It is now clear that further progress in treating the full spectrum of seizure disorders requires a systems‐level framework for analyzing and integrating data from multiple omics technologies that moves beyond the search for single molecular alterations to an understanding of dysregulated pathways in epilepsy. Taking such a pathway‐centered view requires further integrating the tools of systems biology into epilepsy research. In this appraisal, we highlight and summarize systems biology approaches in basic epilepsy studies as they were discussed during the 2017 Workshop on the Neurobiology of Epilepsy (WONOEP). During the 3‐day event, participants exchanged emerging results and thoughts on developing the systems biology of epilepsy, and the promise and limitations of these approaches for the near term.
Effects of shredding on silage density and fermentation quality
Authors: Samarasinghe Milani Bhagya , Larsen Mogens , Johansen Marianne , Waldemar Peter , Weisbjerg Martin Riis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effects of shredding forages on the density and fermentation quality of the resulting silages were studied. Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and a grass–clover mixture were harvested and wilted indoors for 1–2 days. The dry‐matter content of the forages after wilting was 192 g/kg, 192 g/kg, 237 g/kg and 214 g/kg respectively. The forages were then either unprocessed or shredded once (1×) or four (4×) times using a novel laboratory shredder and were ensiled in laboratory‐scale silos. Fermentation was terminated after either 50 or 113 days of ensiling. Density and the fermentation weight losses of the silages were recorded. Initial density of the silages was considerably increased with increased intensity of shredding (p < 0.01). The initial density (DM basis) of the 4× shredded silages ranged from 177 to 236 kg DM/m3 whereas it was 124–163 kg DM/m3 in non‐shredded silages. The 4× shredded silages had the greatest fermentation weight loss at day 1 of ensiling (p < 0.01). Overall fermentation weight loss after 113 days of ensiling was reduced in the 4× shredded silages (p < 0.01). Shredding increased L‐lactate concentration and reduced pH of the silages (p < 0.01). The NH3 concentrations were reduced by 25%–46% in 4× shredded silages and butyrate concentrations were reduced by 76%–97% in shredded silages in comparison to non‐shredded silages (p < 0.01). Shredding improved initial density and fermentation quality of silages while reducing overall fermentation weight losses.
The effect of intradialytic exercise twice a week on the physical capacity, inflammation, and nutritional status of dialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Suhardjono  , Umami Vidhia , Tedjasukmana Deddy , Setiati Siti 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Inactivity, uremia, and malnutrition in dialysis patients may lead to decreased muscle mass and physical capacity. As a preventative measure, dialysis patients are provided with an intradialytic exercise program. Our study aimed to determine the role of intradialytic exercise performed 2 times per week on physical capacity, inflammation, and nutritional status in dialysis patients and to determine which exercises are more suitable for this population.Methods: A randomized clinical trial in which participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups, i.e., a group of patients performing aerobic exercise, a group of patients performing a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise and the control group. The study was conducted at the Dialysis Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta for 12 weeks from February to May 2018. The inclusion criteria were dialysis patients aged over 18 years who had undergone routine dialysis for over 3 months.Findings: A total of one hundred twenty patients were included in the study. There was a significant increase in lower extremity strength in the group performing aerobic exercise and in the combined exercise group compared to the lower extremity strength of the control group. There was also a significant increase in the physical component score (PCS) of the KDQOL‐SF™ instrument in the aerobic training and combination exercise groups compared to the PCS of the control group. No significant differences were found between the combination exercise group and the aerobic training group in any outcome.Discussion: Both types of exercise programs significantly increased the lower extremity muscle strength and the PCS of the quality of life index. Combination exercise was not more effective than aerobic exercise for dialysis patients.