bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The limits of relational governance: Sales force strategies in the U.S. medical device industry
Authors: Chatterji Aaron K. , Cunningham Colleen M. , Joseph John E. 
Published: October 2018

Research Summary: We explore how interorganizational relationships shape firm boundary decisions. Using data on 545 U.S. medical device manufacturers' product portfolios and sales‐governance choices (i.e., internal or external sales forces) from 1983 to 1996, we find relational capital between manufacturers and external sales forces influences future firm boundary decisions. Relational capital lowers the likelihood of integrating the sales function, but only when firms remain focused on the same product market. Further, launching an innovative product has a nuanced effect. For firms lacking relational capital, innovation increases the likelihood of sales integration. This pattern reverses as relational capital accumulates, but only when innovations are in the firm's existing focal product market. Our findings suggest important limits on the effect of relational governance on firm strategy.
Managerial Summary: Choosing between in‐house or external sales is a key strategic decision. In the medical device industry, this decision is particularly important because salespeople are conduits between R&D and customers. For firms who initially choose external sales, the trade‐off between maintaining existing links (via external sales) and developing new, direct relationships (by bringing sales in‐house) can change significantly as product portfolios change. Analyzing 545 U.S. medical device manufacturers from 1983 to 1996, we find that existing relationships with external sales forces reduce the likelihood of bringing sales in‐house, but only when firms remain in the same product market, such as orthopedic implants. When firms launch products in new markets, especially innovations, they are more likely to bring sales in‐house.
Effects of hysteretic damping on the seismic performance of tuned mass dampers
Authors: Kiani Mahdi , Vaseghi Amiri Javad 
Published: October 2018

SummaryA tuned mass damper (TMD) as a convenient passive device in average to tall buildings has limitations specifically against broad band seismic excitations. According to evidences from the literature, this drawback can be dominated by using nonlinear stiffness in TMDs; however, past studies did not explore this issue, and observations are not sufficient to reach a conclusion about seismic performance of nonlinear TMDs. This paper considers seismic performance of a nonlinear TMD developed by adding a martensitic shape memory alloy spring with significant stable features to conventional TMDs. To this end, single degree of freedom structures (from short to large periods) equipped with the nonlinear TMD are investigated subjected to set of ground motions, and through numerical analyses, effects of hysteretic damping and energy absorption capacity of the nonlinear TMD are examined. In addition, features of the proposed TMD configuration and effects of the excitation properties have been scrutinized through graphing frequency response curves by the arc length continuation method. Results indicate that the proposed configuration can make the nonlinear TMD robust against variations of the loading properties. Moreover, due to significant hysteretic damping of the shape memory alloy, spring seismic performance of the nonlinear TMD is better than conventional TMDs.
Undergraduate geoscience education research: Evolution of an emerging field of discipline‐based education research
Authors: Arthurs Leilani A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDiscipline‐based education research (DBER) conducted by faculty within geoscience departments can address identified needs in undergraduate geoscience education. This study explores the evolution of undergraduate geoscience education research (GER) from 1985 to 2016, primarily in terms of the types of published research and secondarily in terms of the insights this literature offers on the evolution of GER as a scholarly discipline. Stokes’ (1997) quadrant model of research types is used as a theoretical framework for the former and Kuhn's (1970) model of disciplinary paradigm for the latter. An exploratory sequential mixed‐methods approach to a systematic literature review of 1,760 articles is utilized. The period 1985–2000 is characterized by proto‐research as evidenced by the abundance of instructive and informational education articles rather than research articles. From 2000 to 2011, GER underwent a growth period characterized by the presence of applied, use‐inspired, and pure basic research. The period 2011–2016 appears to be a period of relative steady‐state conditions in the normalized number of GER publications per year. Existing gaps in knowledge about geoscience education, the evident unfamiliarity with education and social science research methodologies among authors of GER articles, and efforts to build consensus about what GER is and how to conduct it suggest that GER is preparadigmatic or at a low paradigm state. That is, GER is an immature discipline as far as the evolution of a discipline goes. A path forward is proposed for the continued evolutionary growth of GER. This study provides new perspectives on the emergence of GER as a discipline that can be used as a basis for studies on cross‐disciplinary DBER comparisons.
The asymptotic analysis of a junction of two elastic beams
Authors: Leugering G. , Nazarov S. A. , Slutskij A. S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper is devoted to describing the asymptotic behavior of a structure consisting of thin elastic planar beams coupled at flexible joints. As the thickness of the beams tends to zero, we establish classical 1‐D beam equations for each individual structural element and transmission conditions across the joints.
Delusions and Prediction Error
Authors: Corlett Philip 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDifferent empirical and theoretical traditions approach delusions differently. This chapter is about how cognitive neuroscience – the practice of studying the brain to draw conclusions about the mind – has been applied to the problem of belief and delusion. In particular, the focus is on a particular bridging theory, that of predictive coding. This theory holds that the brain contains a model of the world (and the self as an agent in that world). It uses that model to make predictions in order to adapt to the environment. Errors in those predictions can garner belief updating or be ignored, depending on how each prediction error response sustains adaptive fitness. The discussion will cover how delusions might arise and be maintained under the influence of aberrant prediction errors and what psychological and neural mechanisms of prediction error processing pertain to delusions, comparing and contrasting the theory with other prominent theories of delusions. The conclusion is that the single factor, prediction error account gives a parsimonious account of delusions that generates novel predictions about how best to treat delusions and incorporates numerous biological, clinical and phenomenological data regarding delusions.
Structural basis of the nonribosomal codes for nonproteinogenic amino acid selective adenylation enzymes in the biosynthesis of natural products
Authors: Kudo Fumitaka , Miyanaga Akimasa , Eguchi Tadashi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Nonproteinogenic amino acids are the unique building blocks of nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) and hybrid nonribosomal peptide–polyketides (NRP–PKs) and contribute to their diversity of chemical structures and biological activities. In the biosynthesis of NRPs and NRP–PKs, adenylation enzymes select and activate an amino acid substrate as an aminoacyl adenylate, which reacts with the thiol of the holo form of the carrier protein to afford an aminoacyl thioester as the electrophile for the condensation reaction. Therefore, the substrate specificity of adenylation enzymes is a key determinant of the structure of NRPs and NRP–PKs. Here, we focus on nonproteinogenic amino acid selective adenylation enzymes, because understanding their unique selection mechanisms will lead to accurate functional predictions and protein engineering toward the rational biosynthesis of designed molecules containing amino acids. Based on recent progress in the structural analysis of adenylation enzymes, we discuss the nonribosomal codes of nonproteinogenic amino acid selective adenylation enzymes.
Best Practices in North American Pre-Clinical Medical Education in Sexual History Taking: Consensus From the Summits in Medical Education in Sexual Health
Authors: Rubin Elizabeth S. , Rullo Jordan , Tsai Perry , Criniti Shannon , Elders Joycelyn , Thielen Jacqueline M. , Parish Sharon J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis article discusses a blueprint for a sexual health communication curriculum to facilitate undergraduate medical student acquisition of sexual history taking skills and includes recommendations for important elements of a thorough sexual history script for undergraduate medical students.AimTo outline the fundamentals, objectives, content, timing, and teaching methods of a gold standard curriculum in sexual health communication.MethodsConsensus expert opinion was documented at the 2012, 2014, and 2016 Summits in Medical Education in Sexual Health. Additionally, the existing literature was reviewed regarding undergraduate medical education in sexual health.Main Outcome MeasuresThis article reports expert opinion and a review of the literature on the development of a sexual history taking curriculum.ResultsFirst-year curricula should be focused on acquiring satisfactory basic sexual history taking skills, including both assessment of sexual risk via the 5 Ps (partners, practices, protection from sexually transmitted infections, past history of sexually transmitted infections, and prevention of pregnancy) as well as assessment of sexual wellness—described here as a sixth P (plus), which encompasses the assessment of trauma, violence, sexual satisfaction, sexual health concerns/problems, and support for gender identity and sexual orientation. Second-year curricula should be focused on incorporating improved clinical reasoning, emphasizing sexual history taking for diverse populations and practices, and including the impact of illness on sexual health. Teaching methods must include varied formats. Evaluation may be best as a formative objective structured clinical examination in the first year and summative in the second year. Barriers for curriculum development may be reduced by identifying faculty champions of sexual health/medicine.Clinical ImplicationsMedical students will improve their skills in sexual history taking, which will ultimately impact patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. Future research is needed to validate this proposed curriculum and assess the impact on clinical skills.Strengths & LimitationsThis article assimilates expert consensus and existing clinical guidelines to provide a novel structured approach to curriculum development in sexual health interviewing in the pre-clinical years.ConclusionThe blueprint for developing sexual history taking skills includes a spiral curriculum with varied teaching formats, incorporation of a sexual history script that incorporates inquiry about sexual wellness, and longitudinal assessment across the pre-clinical years. Ideally, sexual health communication content should be incorporated into existing clinical interviewing and physical examination courses.
Racial and ethnic differences in trends in dementia prevalence and risk factors in the United States
Authors: Chen Cynthia , Zissimopoulos Julie M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionDisparities in dementia prevalence across racial/ethnic groups in the United States may not be narrowing over time.MethodsData from Health and Retirement Study (2000 to 2012) were analyzed. Dementia was ascertained based on cognitive, functional measures. Logistic regression was used to quantify association between dementia and risk factors, including chronic conditions, use of drug treatment for them, separately for whites, blacks, and Hispanics.ResultsDisparities in dementia prevalence declined between blacks and whites and increased between Hispanics and whites. Adjusting for risk factors reduced but did not eliminate disparities. Compared to no hypertension, untreated hypertension was associated with increased risk of dementia for all racial/ethnic groups while treated hypertension was associated with reduced risk for whites. Diabetes treated with oral drugs was not associated with increased dementia risk.DiscussionRacial disparities in dementia may be reduced by prevention and management of disease and promoting educational attainment among blacks and Hispanics.
Apostle Islands National Lakeshore: A Review of Search and Rescue and Emergency Medical Services Operations, 2006–2015
Authors: Small Elan R. , Burbank Sarah R. , Lorme Jeanette M. , Carlson Karl , Erickson Timothy B. , Young David S. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) lies at the northern tip of Wisconsin and is home to a network of 21 islands along Lake Superior. The goal of this report is to investigate search and rescue (SAR) and emergency medical services (EMS) trends at APIS in an effort to improve visitor safety and resource allocation. Methods This study is a retrospective analysis reviewing APIS SAR reports and annual EMS summary reports from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2015. Information related to incident type, incident date, individual demographic characteristics and activities, injury/illness type, cost, and contributing factors were recorded and analyzed in frequency tables. Results From 2006 to 2015, APIS SAR conducted 133 total missions assisting 261 individuals—200 not injured/ill, 57 injured/ill, and 4 fatalities. Median cost per SAR incident involving aircraft totaled $21,695 (range: $2,993–141,849), whereas incidents not involving aircraft had a median cost of $363 (range: $35–8,830). Nonmotorized boating was the most common activity resulting in SAR incidents. All 4 fatalities were attributed to drowning while kayaking or swimming. Cold-related injury/illness accounted for nearly half of all injuries/illnesses (45%) with the most commonly reported contributing factor being high winds. EMS responded to a total of 134 incidents. Trauma and first aid accounted for 43% and 34% of EMS workload, respectively. Conclusions Overall, this study highlights the hazards associated with the frigid and rough conditions of Lake Superior. The reported results aim to help APIS personnel more saliently convey risks to visitors and plan appropriately in an effort to decrease the need for future rescues.
ESTIMATING THE HEALTH AND SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS OF COUSIN MARRIAGE IN SOUTH ASIA
Authors: Mobarak A. Mushfiq , Chaudhry Theresa , Brown Julia , Zelenska Tetyana , Khan M. Nizam , Chaudry Shamyla , Wajid Rana Abdul , Bittles Alan H. , Li Steven 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe effects of marriage between biological relatives on the incidence of childhood genetic illness and mortality are of major policy significance, as rates of consanguinity exceed 50% in various countries. Empirical research on this question is complicated by the fact that consanguinity is often correlated with poverty and other unobserved characteristics of households, which may have independent effects on mortality. This study has developed an instrumental variables empirical strategy to re-examine this question, based on the concept that the availability of unmarried cousins of the opposite gender at the time of marriage creates quasi-random variation in the propensity to marry consanguineously. Using primary data collected in Bangladesh in 2006–07 and Pakistan in 2009–10, the study found that previous estimates of the impact of consanguinity on child health were biased and falsely precise. The study also empirically investigated the social and economic causes of consanguinity (including marital quality) and concludes that marrying a cousin can have positive economic effects for one’s natal family, by allowing deferral of dowry payments until after marriage.
Reclaiming Responsibility: The Case of Welfare-to-Work Policy
Authors: ERIKSEN ANDREAS 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWelfare-to-work programmes have a contested normative foundation. Critics argue that ‘citizen responsibility’ is being promoted to the sacrifice of more important social values, such as solidarity and fairness. This paper seeks to recapture what is valuable in citizen responsibility and to challenge the idea that the concept is intrinsically bound up with detrimental policy strategies. The paper develops a view of the responsible citizen as an appropriate addressee of moral expectations. This view highlights how addressing someone as responsible involves a presumption of reasonableness. Thereafter, the view is applied to conditions of street-level interaction, the design of policy instruments, and political discourse.
Adaptive impedance control of uncertain robot manipulators with saturation effect based on dynamic surface technique and self-recurrent wavelet neural networks
Authors: Hamedani Mohammad Hossein , Zekri Maryam , Sheikholeslam Farid 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYSaturation nonlinearities, among the known challenges in control engineering, are ubiquitous in robotic systems and can lead to stability and performance degradation. In this paper, an adaptive dynamic surface impedance (ADSI) control approach is developed for an n-link robotic manipulator by employing self-recurrent wavelet neural networks (SRWNNs) in order to overcome the saturation effect. The proposed control approach is inspired by the theory of dynamic surface control (DSC) and SRWNNs. As a novel application of the dynamic surface method to obtain a simple structure, the target impedance is formulated in the state–space, and effective dynamic surfaces are defined to track the desired impedance behavior. In fact, DSC is used to force the robot manipulator to track the desired impedance, while the robot interacts with an environment. In addition, SRWNNs are applied to approximate the parametric uncertainties and external disturbances in the robot dynamical model. Self-feedback neurons are embedded as memory units in SRWNNs to model the sudden dynamic jumps of the environment. Using Lyapunov's method, an ADSI controller is designed, and adaptation laws are induced to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, simulations are conducted to verify the proper performance of the proposed approach for removing the saturation effect and tracking the target impedance. It is worth noting that the simulation results indicate the robustness of the controller against uncertainties and external disturbances.
A computational tool for creative idea generation based on analogical reasoning and ontology
Authors: Han Ji , Shi Feng , Chen Liuqing , Childs Peter R.N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnalogy is a core cognition process used to produce inferences as well as new ideas using previous knowledge and experience. Ontology is a formal representation of a set of domain concepts and their relationships. The use of analogy and ontology in design activities to support design creativity have previously been explored. This paper explores an approach to construct ontologies with sufficient richness and coverage to support reasoning over real-world datasets for prompting creative idea generation. This approach has been implemented into a computational tool for assisting designers in generating creative ideas during the early stages of design. The tool, called “the Retriever”, has been developed based on ontology by embracing the aspects of analogical reasoning. A case study has indicated that the tool can be effective and useful for idea generation. The results have indicated that the tool, in its current formulation, can significantly improve the fluency and flexibility of idea generation and the usefulness of ideas, as well as slightly increase the originality of ideas, for the case study concerned.
Good idea! Or, good presentation? Examining the effect of presentation on perceived quality of concepts
Authors: Kwon Jieun , Kudrowitz Barry 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the product design realm, designers often use presentations to convey certain ideas about a product or a specific stage of the design process. The popular forms of presentation include verbal pitching, two-dimensional drawing, and prototyping. The clients, investigators, and other audiences rely on such presentations to evaluate an idea. Popular idea evaluation assessment tools, such as the consensual assessment technique, utilize such interactions. On the other hand, numerous pieces of literature state that the audiences are heavily influenced by the quality of presentation when evaluating the worth of the product being presented. In this study, we examine if the audience is able to discriminate between the quality of the presentation and the quality of the idea being presented. A total of 613 ideas were evaluated over a 4-year period during a specific product design class at different phases in the design process. The result shows that no matter the kind of presentation tool used, the presentation quality ratings and the idea value ratings had a very strong positive correlation despite the explicit instructions to reviewers to separate presentation quality from concept quality. Our additional analysis shows that such a pattern did not change during the different phases of the design process.
The impacts of deglaciation and human activity on the taxonomic structure of prokaryotic communities in Antarctic soils on King George Island
Authors: Pershina E.V. , Ivanova E.A. , Abakumov E.V. , Andronov E.E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe soil microbiome was investigated at environmentally distinct locations on King George Island in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctic Peninsula) using 16 S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The taxonomic composition of the soil prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) was evaluated at three sites representing human-disturbed soils (Bellingshausen Station) and soils undergoing different stages of deglaciation (fresh and old moraines located near Ecology Glacier). The taxonomic analysis revealed 20 bacterial and archaeal phyla, among which Proteobacteria (29.6%), Actinobacteria (25.3%), Bacteroidetes (15.8%), Cyanobacteria (11.2%), Acidobacteria (4.9%) and Verrucomicrobia (4.5%) comprised most of the microbiome. In a beta-diversity analysis, the samples formed separate clusters. The Bellingshausen Station samples were characterized by an increased amount ofNostocsp. andJanibactersp. Although the deglaciation history had less of an effect on the soil microbiome, the early stages of deglaciation (Sample 1) had a higher proportion of bacteria belonging to the families Xanthomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Nocardioidaceae, whereas the older moraines (Sample 2) were enriched with Chthoniobacteriacae and N1423WL. Solirubrobacteriales, Gaiellaceae and Chitinophagaceae bacteria were present in both stages of deglaciation, characterized by genus-level differences. Taxonomic analysis of the abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) revealed both endemic (Marisediminicola antarctica,Hymenobacter glaciei) and cosmopolitan bacterial species in the microbiomes.