bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Objective and Behavioral Audiology for Young Children Being Assessed for Cochlear Implantation: Implications for CI Candidacy Assessment
Authors: Leigh Jaime , Farrell Rebecca , Courtenay Denise , Dowell Richard , Briggs Robert 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of making cochlear implant recommendations based on diagnostic ABR and ASSR results. The goal was to challenge the need for behavioral audiometry as part of the standard cochlear implant assessment battery for infants with profound hearing loss and to reduce the age at which cochlear implant recommendation was made.

Study Design:
A retrospective review of 123 patient files for children referred to the pediatric cochlear implant service before 3 years of age over a 3-year period was undertaken. Results for click-ABR, ASSR, and behavioral audiology at 500, 1k, 2k and 4k Hz, and tympanometry were collected and relationships were investigated for 64 children who met the inclusion criteria. Data were excluded for 59 children due to the presence of auditory neuropathy findings, middle ear pathology at the time of testing, if ASSR was not assessed at intensity levels >85 dB, and/or behavioral testing was judged to be unreliable by two experienced clinicians.

Setting:
Primary care pediatric cochlear implant program located within a hospital setting.

Patients:
Pediatric patients referred for cochlear implant evaluation before 3 years of age.

Interventions(s):
Children were assessed using ABR, ASSR, and behavioral audiometry for identification and confirmation of hearing loss.

Main Outcome Measures(s):
Correlation between diagnostic click-ABR and ASSR thresholds and subsequently obtained behavioral hearing thresholds.

Results:
Results for objective measures (click-ABR and ASSR) were significantly correlated with behavioral results. The correlations, however, were poorer than expected with limited predictive value. For 6 of the 64 children click-ABR and/or ASSR suggested profound hearing loss and corresponding behavioral hearing threshold was found to be in the severe hearing loss range.

Conclusions:
Findings of this study do not support making cochlear implant recommendations based on the findings of diagnostic click-ABR and ASSR alone. Investigating ways to reduce the average age children with severe-to-profound hearing loss receive a cochlear implant is a priority for the study institution. An alternate evaluation pathway for infants which incorporates a multifaceted assessment is warranted and will be the focus of future work at the study institution.
Hybrid Music Perception Outcomes: Implications for Melody and Timbre Recognition in Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Parkinson Aaron J. , Rubinstein Jay T. , Drennan Ward R. , Dodson Christa , Nie Kaibao 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
To examine whether or not electric–acoustic music perception outcomes, observed in a recent Hybrid L24 clinical trial, were related to the availability of low-frequency acoustic cues not present in the electric domain.

Study Design:
Prospective, repeated-measures, within-subject design.

Setting:
Academic research hospital.

Subjects:
Nine normally hearing individuals.

Intervention:
Simulated electric–acoustic hearing in normally hearing individuals.

Main Outcomes Measures:
Acutely measured melody and timbre recognition scores from the University of Washington Clinical Assessment of Music Perception (CAMP) test.

Results:
Melody recognition scores were consistently better for listening conditions that included low-frequency acoustic information. Mean scores for both acoustic (73.5%, S.D. = 15.5%) and electric–acoustic (67.9%, S.D. = 21.2%) conditions were significantly better (p < 0.001) than electric alone (39.2%, S.D. = 18.1%). This was not the case for timbre recognition for which scores were more variable across simulated listening modes with no significant differences found in mean scores across electric (36.1%, S.D. = 17.7%), acoustic (38.0%, S.D. = 20.4%), and electric–acoustic (40.7%, S.D. = 19.7%) conditions (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Recipients of hybrid cochlear implants demonstrate music perception abilities superior to those observed in traditional cochlear implant recipients. Results from the present study support the notion that electric–acoustic stimulation confers advantages related to the availability of low-frequency acoustic hearing, most particularly for melody recognition. However, timbre recognition remains more limited for both hybrid and traditional cochlear implant users. Opportunities remain for new coding strategies to improve timbre perception.
Training of Speech Perception in Noise in Pre-Lingual Hearing Impaired Adults With Cochlear Implants Compared With Normal Hearing Adults
Authors: Bugannim Yossi , Roth Daphne Ari-Even , Zechoval Doreen , Kishon-Rabin Liat 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Speech perception in noise remains a significant challenge for cochlear implant (CI) users in everyday life. It has been argued that training to use the information provided by the CI is as important as technological advances. So far, however, only few studies have trained speech perception in noise, most (if not all) included postlingually deafened CI adult users using non-sentence training material.

Objective:
To assess the effect of training on a speech perception in noise task in prelingually hearing-impaired CI users with years of CI experience, as compared with normal-hearing (NH) young adults, following single- and multi-session training using the same training protocol.

Methods:
Participants included 22 CI users with prelingual hearing loss and 30 NH. The Hebrew version of the Matrix sentence-in-noise test was used for training. All participants took part in a single training session. Six NH and seven CI continued training for four additional training sessions. All seven CI users trained for additional 5 days, totaling 10 training sessions. Generalization and retention of learning gains were assessed.

Results:
Following single-session training, CI users showed speech reception thresholds in noise (SRTn) that were 9 to 10 dB higher than NH. After 5 first days of training, five of seven CI users reduced this disadvantage by half. After 10 days of training the CI improved performance by 4.1 dB SNR. No generalization and partial retention of learning were demonstrated.

Conclusions:
The present study is the first to demonstrate the course of learning and improvements in SRTn following training speech perception in noise in CI users with prelingual hearing loss.
Cross-cultural Adaption and Validation of the Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory Translated Into Italian (ZCMEI-21-It)—a Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Ralli Massimo , Quaranta Nicola , Canale Andrea , Röösli Christof , Milella Claudia , De Robertis Valentina , De Soccio Giulia , Greco Antonio , Ralli Giovanni , Albera Roberto , de Vincentiis Marco , Huber Alexander M. , Bächinger David 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
There are no instruments available to comprehensively assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic otitis media (COM) in Italian-speaking countries. The Zurich chronic middle ear inventory (ZCMEI-21) is a well-established instrument for the assessment of HRQoL in COM. The objective of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the ZCMEI-21 into Italian and validate this questionnaire for measuring HRQoL in patients with COM.

Study Design:
Prospective multicenter study.

Setting:
Three University hospitals (northern Italy, central Italy, southern Italy).

Patients:
Adult patients suffering from COM (n = 128).

Intervention:
Following international guidelines, the ZCMEI-21 was translated into Italian (ZCMEI-21-It). Validation was performed by psychometric test statistics. Moreover, ZCMEI-21-It total and subscale scores were compared and correlated with 1) the scores of the original validation study, 2) to a question that directly addresses HRQoL, and 3) to the scores of the EQ-5D-5L, a generic questionnaire assessing HRQoL.

Results:
From three study centers, a total of 128 patients with COM were included. Cronbach's α was 0.86 indicating a high reliability. Between the ZCMEI-21-It total score and the question that directly addresses HRQoL, we found a strong correlation (r = 0.62, p < 0.0001). Between the ZCMEI-21-It total score and the EQ-5D-5L scores, we expectedly found moderate correlations (descriptive system score: r = 0.39, p < 0.0001; visual analog scale: r = 0.30, p = 0.008).

Conclusion:
We translated the ZCMEI-21 questionnaire into Italian and validated the ZCMEI-21-It in a prospective multicenter study. The ZCMEI-21-It is the first instrument that comprehensively assesses relevant dimensions of HRQoL in Italian-speaking patients affected by COM.
Impact of Microphone Configuration on Speech Perception of Cochlear Implant Users in Traffic Noise
Authors: Weissgerber Tobias , Bandeira Mariana , Brendel Martina , Stöver Timo , Baumann Uwe 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of microphone configuration and noise reduction algorithm on speech perception of cochlear implant (CI) users in a moving noise setup.

Method:
Eleven CI users provided with Advanced Bionics implant systems participated in this study. All tests were conducted with three different microphone settings: (a) omnidirectional behind the ear (BTE), (b) inside the pinna (ITP), and (c) adaptive directional microphone (adaptive beamformer, ABF). Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured using the Oldenburg sentence test in a moving noise source condition. Furthermore, the effect of a noise reduction algorithm on speech perception was measured in a condition with an additional static noise source.

Results:
The ABF setting significantly improved SRT by 5.7 dB compared with the BTE microphone, and by 4.7 dB compared with the ITP microphone in the moving noise condition. In the presence of an additional static noise source, there was a significant improvement in SRT of 0.9 dB with the use of NR in addition to ABF.

Conclusion:
Adaptive beamforming can significantly improve speech perception in moving noise. Depending on the noise condition, the combination of ABF with NR can provide additional benefit.
Partial Ossiculoplasty: Malafronte's Double Cartilage Block Versus Incus
Authors: Filosa Barbara , Previtero Giorgio , Novia Generoso , Trusio Antonio , Malafronte Giuseppe 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:To describe the outcomes of Malafronte's double cartilage block (mDCB) and incus autograft protheses, and to determine which prosthesis gives better and lasting hearing results.Study Design:Prospective study.Setting:ENT Department of AORN “S.G. Moscati” Avellino, ItalyMaterials and Methods:Partial columellar ossiculoplasties were performed on 102 patients. Malafronte's DCB was used on 58 patients (group 1). The reshaped autologous incus was used on 44 patients (group 2). The main follow-up for the whole study group was 4.5 years.Main Outcome Measures:Mean postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) closure to < 20 dB, incidences of prosthesis availability, prosthesis displacement from the tympanic membrane, and prothesis fixation to the middle ear walls.Results:The hearing results and incidences of prosthesis availability, prosthesis slippage, and prosthesis fixation between groups 1 and 2 were significantly different. At the end of follow-up, a postoperative ABG of 20 dB or less occurred in 87.9% (n = 51) of patients in the group 1 and in 54.5% (n = 24) of patients in group 2. The Malafronte's DCB was always usable. While in 13.7% of cases, the incus was not usable. Prosthesis displacement and prothesis fixation were not observed in group 1. However, they were observed in 15 (34%) and 5 (11.3%) group 2 patients, respectively.Conclusion:The Malafronte's DCB gives more consistent hearing results.Level of Evidence:1b
An Assessment of the Change in Compliance of Observational Otology and Audiology Studies With the STROBE Statement Guidelines: A Systematic Review
Authors: Swords Chloe , Bhargava Eishaan Kamta , Meghji Sheneen , Smith Matthew E. , Tysome James R. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
Observational studies often represent the best available evidence for surgical practice. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations were generated in 2007 with the aim of improving the quality of reporting. This study was designed to assess whether publication of STROBE guidelines has improved the quality of reporting in observational otology and audiology studies.

Data Sources:
EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched using a comprehensive keyword search developed in conjunction with a scientific librarian.

Study Selection:
English language papers from six Otorhinolaryngology journals during two 6-month periods (2005 and 2016) were evaluated.

Data Extraction:
Two reviewers independently analyzed papers according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Data Synthesis:
Percentage scores for the two periods were compared using Mann–Whitney U test.

Conclusions:
Forty and 42 studies were returned for the 2005 and 2016 periods, respectively. The mean percentage of STROBE items that were met improved between 2005 and 2016 (58, 76%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Analysis indicated that improvements were greater in journals that endorsed STROBE guidelines (p = 0.02). This data suggests that STROBE has increased the reporting quality of observational studies; however, there are still significant further improvements to be met.
Involvement of the Internal Auditory Canal in Subjects With Cochlear Otosclerosis: A Less Acknowledged Third Window That Affects Surgical Outcome
Authors: Shim Ye Ji , Bae Yun Jung , An Gwang Seok , Lee Kyogu , Kim Yoonjoong , Lee Sang-Youp , Choi Byung Yoon , Choi Byung Se , Kim Jae Hyoung , Koo Ja-Won , Song Jae-Jin 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
To investigate the effects of cavitating lesions involving the internal auditory canal (IAC) in subjects with cochlear otosclerosis with regard to poststapedotomy hearing outcome.

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
A retrospective chart review of 134 subjects with otosclerosis treated from January 2011 to June 2017 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital was conducted. Sixteen subjects (23 ears) with temporal bone computed tomography (TBCT)-confirmed cochlear otosclerosis who underwent stapedotomy were included in the study.

Main Outcome Measures:
Pure tone audiometry (PTA) (i.e., air and bone conduction; AC and BC, respectively) thresholds and air–bone gap (ABG), measured at 6 months postoperatively were compared between cochlear otosclerosis with and without IAC involvement (IAC group and non-IAC group, respectively).

Results:
A total of 14 of 23 ears showed involvement of the IAC. There were no significant differences in age, side of otosclerosis, or preoperative hearing threshold between the two groups. The mean postoperative AC and BC thresholds and ABG of the IAC group were significantly poorer (45.7 dB, 33.8 dB, and 11.8 dB, respectively) than those of the nonIAC group (24.1 dB, 20.0 dB, and 4.1 dB, respectively).

Conclusions:
Cochlear otosclerosis with cavitating lesions involving the IAC showed significantly poorer postoperative audiological outcomes than those without any cavitating lesion. Cavitation extending to the IAC may act as a third window providing a route for sound energy shunting, and thus precluding successful hearing outcome in some subjects with cavitating otosclerosis after stapedotomy.
Longitudinal Analysis of “Window Shade” Tympanoplasty Outcomes for Anterior Marginal Tympanic Membrane Perforations
Authors: Bluher Andrew E. , Mannino Elizabeth A. , Strasnick Barry 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
Although many techniques have been proposed for the repair of tympanic membrane perforations, few address the unique challenges presented by anterior marginal perforations. In these circumstances, traditional underlay and overlay techniques are often complicated by issues including blunting of the anterior tympanomeatal angle, graft lateralization, delayed healing, and reduced graft take rates. The “window shade” tympanoplasty technique described in this paper incorporates several aspects of the underlay and overlay techniques to address these issues.

Study Design and Setting:
A retrospective chart review was conducted at an academic medical center, of all patients who underwent window shade tympanoplasty from 1994 to 2016 by a single surgeon.

Patients:
A total of 412 patients aged 6 to 76 years old were included in the study. Patients who had undergone concomitant ossicular chain reconstruction were excluded from the hearing outcome portion of the analysis.

Main Outcome Measures:
Any patients observed to have residual postoperative perforations within the first 6 months after surgery were considered to have graft failure. Complications such as otorrhea, serous otitis media, epithelial pearls, and post-auricular infection were tabulated. Air-bone gap closure was also assessed.

Results:
Postoperative outcomes of 412 patients were assessed including graft take rate, complication rates, and air-bone gap closure. The graft take success rate was 94.2%. Overall complication rate was 4.6%. 82.6% of patients achieved air-bone gap closure within 10 dB.

Conclusions:
The results of this study further reinforce the success of the window shade technique in repairing anterior marginal tympanic membrane perforations.
Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) Inhibitors and Ototoxicity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Manna Sayan , Gray Mingyang Liu , Kaul Vivian F. , Wanna George 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
This study explores the current literature regarding associations between phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and ototoxicity and provides a detailed summary and discussion of the findings.

Data Sources:
A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for studies published from database inception through March 21, 2018.

Study Selection:
Basic science articles, epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case reports, reviews, meta-analyses, press releases, and newsletters were included. The PRISMA search strategy was used to select papers. Search terms are included in the appendix (http://links.lww.com/MAO/A733).

Results:
Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Among case reports, there were a total of nine patients, all male, with an average age of 57.4 years (37–79 years, SD = 13.87 years). Of the cases of hearing loss, 25% (2/8 cases) were bilateral and 75% (6/8) were unilateral; 22% (2/9) were associated with tinnitus; and 33% (3/9) had accompanying vestibular symptoms (including vertigo and dizziness). Among multipatient studies, all prospective studies failed to find a significant association between ototoxicity and PDE-5 inhibitor use. Results of the retrospective studies were also heterogeneous. Many key molecules in the PDE-5 inhibition pathway have been demonstrated to exist in the cochlea. However, mirroring the clinical studies, the basic science mechanisms have suggested both ototoxic and otoprotective effects.

Conclusions:
Currently, the literature is inconclusive regarding the interaction between PDE-5 inhibitor use and ototoxicity. Future study such as a double-blinded placebo controlled randomized trial with audiometric assessment would provide more sound evidence. Similarly, a unified molecular model is necessary.
The Biomechanics of Lesion Formation in Endolymphatic Hydrops: Single and Double Hit Mechanisms
Authors: Pender Daniel J. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The vestibular membranes of the cochlea and saccule are subject to two simultaneous constraints as they deform in endolymphatic hydrops. Boundary tethers impose a bulge-type constraint during pressure-induced transverse membrane displacement, while inherent elasticity imposes a stretch-type constraint during stress-induced longitudinal membrane distention.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to reconcile the effect of these dual constraints on membrane deformation. It is hypothesized that it is the interaction of these constraints that determines whether a stable membrane configuration can be achieved or progression to endolymphatic hydrops will occur.

Methods:
Reissner's membrane was modeled as a flat elastic ribbon that was bound along its lateral edges and subject to trans-mural pressure. The bulge and stretch constraints on membrane deformation were formulated mathematically. A graphic solution of the constraint functions was used to examine the nature of the interaction and determine how pressure and elasticity influence the hydropic process.

Results:
The graphic analysis shows how bulge and stretch phenomena interact to achieve an equilibrium point that satisfies both physical requirements. Nominal values of pressure and elasticity are projected to result in a stable membrane equilibrium in the precritical zone with the modest isolated increases in either parameter alone compatible with stability. However, a sufficiently large increase in either pressure or elasticity alone can constitute a single hit mechanism to exceed the critical point and destabilize the membrane. Moreover, simultaneous modest increases in both pressure and elasticity, neither of which would be sufficient in its own right, can be additive and constitute a double hit mechanism to destabilize the membranes as well. Finally, extreme values of pressure and elasticity that fail to intersect imply that no solution is feasible and that the affected membranes will fail immediately.

Conclusions:
Sufficiently large increases in either endolymphatic pressure or membrane elasticity alone can destabilize the membranes and constitute single hit mechanisms for inducing hydrops. Combined moderate increases in both trans-mural pressure and membrane elasticity can also destabilize the membranes and constitute a double hit mechanism for hydrops induction.
A Survey of Nurse Leaders to Explore the Relationship Between Grit and Measures of Success and Well-being
Authors: Seguin Claire 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to explore how a personality quality termed grit impacts the well-being and success of nurses who serve in positions of healthcare leadership.

BACKGROUND
As the responsibilities of nurse leaders become increasingly complex, there is concern that job satisfaction is becoming more difficult, and burnout and attrition more common. Grit, perseverance, and passion for long-term goals are associated with reduced burnout and predictable success in other industries, but less is known about its impact on nurse leaders.

METHODS
Surveys measuring grit and well-being were completed by nurses who identified as leaders.

RESULTS
Grit was significantly related to an increased sense of personal accomplishment, increased longevity in leadership roles, and reduced burnout.

CONCLUSIONS
Grit contributes to longevity and associates with both higher educational attainment and lower scores for burnout among a large group of nurse leaders surveyed across the United States.