bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhabdomyolysis after Ginkgo biloba and cannabis
Authors: Strain Madisyn L. , Yingling Megan N. , Kraleti Shashank , Thiessen Kaci A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundRhabdomyolysis is a syndrome caused by the death of muscle tissue, which leads to the release of the muscle protein myoglobin into the circulation. The severity of rhabdomyolysis varies widely from asymptomatic to life threatening, and has many possible causes, including a specific classification associated with medications. This report suggests the potential for rhabdomyolysis induction by an interaction between ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) and cannabis, in addition to recent strenuous exercise. Prompt identification of the aetiology and treatment are crucial in preventing complications and mortality.Clinical detailsA 26‐year‐old African American female presented to the emergency department (ED) with a chief complaint of worsening muscle pain and weakness, 2 days after exercise without adequate hydration. The patient reported recently starting a ginkgo supplement, in addition to her regular medications and confirmed marijuana use. Urinalysis and creatine kinase (CK) data collected in the ED were suggestive of rhabdomyolysis.OutcomesThe patient was admitted to hospital. After rehydration with intravenous normal saline, her CK levels and symptoms improved.ConclusionGinkgo is an increasingly popular natural supplement with a variety of uses. However, the use of this product, with or without cannabis consumption, may correspond to an increased likelihood for interactions and adverse drug reactions, such as the potential for rhabdomyolysis presented here. It is important for pharmacists and other clinicians to be aware of the prospective risks associated with this supplement in order to properly educate patients and mitigate potential morbidities.
Making the profession attractive for our future and young pharmacists, the game changers for primary health care
Authors: Uzman Nilhan , Kusynova Zuzana , Manikkath Jyothsna , Duggan Catherine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Pharmacy profession has shifted its focus from a traditional medicine‐centred one to an advanced person‐centred one over recent decades. Taking on new services as care providers within an integrated care system and collaborating with other healthcare professionals to positively impact and implement healthcare policies present important and exciting opportunities for the future of the pharmacy profession. The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), as the global leadership body for pharmacy, supports pharmacy students and early career pharmacists in their professional development as well as developing pharmacy as a profession for a future where youth will practice with enthusiasm and compassion within society. By working in collaboration with the International Pharmaceutical Students Federation (IPSF) and creating a platform for early career pharmacists within FIP, the FIP Young Pharmacist Group (FIP YPG) aims to make the profession attractive for our future and young pharmacists. In this article, based on current innovations and future trends, FIP YPG and IPSF have looked at ten reasons to be a pharmacist and with these reasons, we identified what it means to be a pharmacist for future generations.
2D GeP as a Novel Broadband Nonlinear Optical Material for Ultrafast Photonics
Authors: Guo Jia , Huang Dazhou , Zhang Yue , Yao Huizhen , Wang Yunzheng , Zhang Feng , Wang Rui , Ge Yanqi , Song Yufeng , Guo Zhinan , Yang Fumei , Liu Jiefeng , Xing Chenyang , Zhai Tianyou , Fan Dianyuan , Zhang Han 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new member of the IV–V compounds, germanium–phosphorus (Ge–P) compounds, has been shown in experiment and theory to have a tunable bandgap (Eg), excellent chemical stability, strong in‐plane anisotropy, and wide‐range optical absorption, all indicating a promising future in electronic and optoelectronic applications. In this work, the application potential of Ge–P compounds as nonlinear optical (NLO) materials in ultrafast photonics is studied for the first time. The strong light–matter interaction, broad and tunable Ep, and broadband and strong optical response make GeP a likely NLO material for photonics, especially in infrared photonic devices. In addition, 2D GeP nanosheets are mixed with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) to obtain a GeP@PVDF composite film, which further improves the stability of the GeP and, for the development of organic photonic devices, helps to slow its degradation. From Z‐scan data and fitting results, it is found that GeP has an excellent broadband NLO response. Moreover, using the GeP@PVDF composite film as a saturable absorber, a high‐stability femtosecond laser with a 722 fs pulse width is obtained in the telecommunications band. Preliminarily, Ge–P compounds display excellent optical properties suggesting that they may be used as NLO materials in advanced photonic devices.
Influence of Alkyl Chains of Modified Polysuccinimide‐Based Polycationic Polymers on Polyplex Formation and Transfection
Authors: Kravicz Marcelo H. , Balogh Debora T. , Kar Mrityunjoy , Wedepohl Stefanie , Bentley Maria Vitoria L. B. , Calderón Marcelo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe development of polymers with low toxicity and efficient gene delivery remains a significant barrier of nonviral gene therapy. Modification and tuning of chemical structures of carriers is an attractive strategy for efficient nucleic acid delivery. Here, polyplexes consisting of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and dodecylated or non‐dodecylated polysuccinimide (PSI)‐based polycations are designed, and their transfection ability into HeLa cells is investigated by green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing cells quantification. All cationic polymers show lower cytotoxicity than those of branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI). PSI and bPEI‐based polyplexes have comparable physicochemical properties such as size and charge. Interestingly, a strong interaction between dodecylated polycations and pDNA caused by the hydrophobic moiety is observed in dodecylated PSI derivatives. Moreover, the decrease of GFP expression is associated with lower dissociation of pDNA from polyplexes according to the heparin displacement assay. Besides, a hydrophobization of PSI cationic derivatives with dodecyl side chains can modulate the integrity of polyplexes by hydrophobic interactions, increasing the binding between the polymer and the DNA. These results provide useful information for designing polyplexes with lower toxicity and greater stability and transfection performance.
Quantitative Studies of Block Copolymers and Their Containing Homopolymer Components by Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy
Authors: Hiller Wolf 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeveral polystyrene‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) and polyisoprene‐b‐PMMA (PI‐b‐PMMA) block copolymers are studied with high‐resolution diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) in order to quantify the amounts and molar masses of the copolymers and the containing homopolymers. These studies are particularly challenging because these homopolymers and one block of the copolymers consist of the same monomer type with different molar masses and compositions and cause a total overlap of these polymer components in the NMR spectra. However, DOSY can be proven as a powerful tool for separation and quantification of these moieties. Whereas exponential fittings only deliver averaged diffusion data, biexponential fittings of the individual magnetization curves can separate the overlapping polymer parts. This DOSY approach can be successfully tested for different blends of PS as well as PS and PS‐b‐PMMA of different molar masses and weighed compositions. The DOSY separation is also compared to size exclusion chromatography (SEC). In the case of the PS‐b‐PMMA and PI‐b‐PMMA block copolymers, DOSY identifies the contaminations with homopolymers, quantifies their individual amounts as well as determines the molar masses of both the copolymers and homopolymers. Two mathematical evaluations are used for quantifying these homopolymers with DOSY. These results are compared with the online coupling of SEC and NMR.
Rain‐rate estimation algorithm using signal attenuation of Ka‐band cloud radar
Authors: Oh Su‐Bin , Kollias Pavlos , Lee Jeong‐Soon , Lee Seung‐Woo , Lee Yong Hee , Jeong Jong‐Hoon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA millimetre‐wave cloud radar has limitations for observing heavy rainfall because the short wavelength leads to strong attenuation from raindrops. However, recent studies have attempted to estimate the rain rate using attenuation, which becomes greater as the rain intensity increases. The rain‐rate‐retrieval algorithm is developed in the present paper using the Ka‐band cloud radar (KaCR) installed at the Boseong Global Standard Observatory (BGSO) in the Republic of Korea. First, rain profiles were identified using the threshold of reflectivity (Z) and Doppler velocity (DV) averaged for the analysis of layer that minimized the effects of the receiver saturation and classified as low or high rain‐rate cases using the averaged DV. The reflectivity and rain‐rate (Z‐R) relationship was then derived for low rain‐rate cases that showed insignificant effects for signal attenuation. On the other hand, the attenuation and rain‐rate (A‐R) relationship was derived using high rain‐rate cases that showed the dominant effects of attenuation. The attenuation was calculated using a reflectivity gradient between the upper and lower boundaries of the attenuated layer. Finally, the rain‐rate‐retrieval algorithm was designed using the derived Z‐R and A‐R relationship and then applied back to the KaCR. The estimated rain rate in the KaCR was a similar trend to the observed rain rate in the optical rain gauge (ORG), but slightly underestimated.
A broadband beam scanning antenna array based on substrate integrated coaxial line Butler matrix for Q‐band application
Authors: Li Xiuping , Hou Yajing , Zhu Hua , Qi Zihang , Xiao Jun , Cao Cheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, a broadband beam scanning antenna array is proposed in Q‐band attributed to miniaturized size, wideband and high integration. A patch antenna element is utilized with a back cavity, which is formed by metallic via holes and ground plane. A 1 × 4 series fed sub‐array is implemented by the patch element using multilayer PCB. Four symmetrical sub‐arrays and Butler matrix feeding network are used to form the antenna array with high gain and decrease side lobes. The Butler matrix is implemented by substrate integrated coaxial line, which provides low loss of around 0.09 dB/mm from 40 to 50 GHz. The measured antenna array bandwidth is 9.8 GHz (21.8%) under the condition of voltage standing wave ratio less than 2. The main beam of the antenna array in azimuth direction is tilted to −28.5°, −14.1°, 18.4° and 35.6° and the gains are 13.11, 13.88, 14.02 and 11.78 dBi at 45 GHz, respectively. Both the measured and simulated results agree well.
MEMRI‐based imaging pipeline for guiding preclinical studies in mouse models of sporadic medulloblastoma
Authors: Rallapalli Harikrishna , Tan I‐Li , Volkova Eugenia , Wojcinski Alexandre , Darwin Benjamin C. , Lerch Jason P. , Joyner Alexandra L. , Turnbull Daniel H. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeGenetically engineered mouse models of sporadic cancers are critical for studying tumor biology and for preclinical testing of therapeutics. We present an MRI‐based pipeline designed to produce high resolution, quantitative information about tumor progression and response to novel therapies in mouse models of medulloblastoma (MB).MethodsSporadic MB was modeled in mice by inducing expression of an activated form of the Smoothened gene (aSmo) in a small number of cerebellar granule cell precursors. aSmo mice were imaged and analyzed at defined time‐points using a 3D manganese‐enhanced MRI‐based pipeline optimized for high‐throughput.ResultsA semi‐automated segmentation protocol was established that estimates tumor volume in a time‐frame compatible with a high‐throughput pipeline. Both an empirical, volume‐based classifier and a linear discriminant analysis‐based classifier were tested to distinguish progressing from nonprogressing lesions at early stages of tumorigenesis. Tumor centroids measured at early stages revealed that there is a very specific location of the probable origin of the aSmo MB tumors. The efficacy of the manganese‐enhanced MRI pipeline was demonstrated with a small‐scale experimental drug trial designed to reduce the number of tumor associated macrophages and microglia.ConclusionOur results revealed a high level of heterogeneity between tumors within and between aSmo MB models, indicating that meaningful studies of sporadic tumor progression and response to therapy could not be conducted without an imaging‐based pipeline approach.
High‐resolution intravascular MRI‐guided perivascular ultrasound ablation
Authors: Liu Xiaoyang , Ellens Nicholas , Williams Emery , Burdette Everette C. , Karmarkar Parag , Weiss Clifford R. , Kraitchman Dara , Bottomley Paul A. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTo develop and test in animal studies ex vivo and in vivo, an intravascular (IV) MRI‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation method for targeting perivascular pathology with minimal injury to the vessel wall.MethodsIV‐MRI antennas were combined with 2‐ to 4‐mm diameter water‐cooled IV‐ultrasound ablation catheters for IV‐MRI on a 3T clinical MRI scanner. A software interface was developed for monitoring thermal dose with real‐time MRI thermometry, and an MRI‐guided ablation protocol developed by repeat testing on muscle and liver tissue ex vivo. MRI thermal dose was measured as cumulative equivalent minutes at 43°C (CEM43). The IV‐MRI IV‐HIFU protocol was then tested by targeting perivascular ablations from the inferior vena cava of 2 pigs in vivo. Thermal dose and lesions were compared by gross and histological examination.ResultsEx vivo experiments yielded a 6‐min ablation protocol with the IV‐ultrasound catheter coolant at 3‐4°C, a 30 mL/min flow rate, and 7 W ablation power. In 8 experiments, 5‐ to 10‐mm thick thermal lesions of area 0.5‐2 cm2 were produced that spared 1‐ to 2‐mm margins of tissue abutting the catheters. The radial depths, areas, and preserved margins of ablation lesions measured from gross histology were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.79) with those measured from the CEM43 = 340 necrosis threshold determined by MRI thermometry. The psoas muscle was successfully targeted in the 2 live pigs, with the resulting ablations controlled under IV‐MRI guidance.ConclusionIV‐MRI‐guided, IV‐HIFU has potential as a precision treatment option that could preserve critical blood vessel wall during ablation of nonresectable perivascular tumors or other pathologies.
Responsiveness and interpretability of the Animated Activity Questionnaire for assessing activity limitations of patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Peter Wilfred F. , Poolman Rudolf W. , Scholtes Vanessa A.B. , de Vet Henrika C.W. , Terwee Caroline B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to determine the responsiveness and interpretability of the Animated Activity Questionnaire (AAQ), an online questionnaire in which osteoarthritis patients select animations that best match their performance of daily activities.MethodsA longitudinal study was carried out, in which 94 patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis were assessed at baseline, and 3 and 6 months after treatment (conservative and surgical). Responsiveness was assessed by means of testing hypotheses about expected correlations between change in AAQ, a Global Rating Scale of change (GRS) and change in the Activities of Daily Living subscale of the Hip disability or Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (H/KOOS), and a combination of performance‐based tests (the 30 s chair‐stand test, the timed up‐and‐go test and the nine‐step stair climbing test). The minimal important change (MIC) was estimated by means of the receiving operating characteristics (ROC) method.ResultsThe correlations of the AAQ with the H/KOOS were as expected, but other correlations were lower than anticipated. The area under the ROC curve was 0.74 at 6 months. At 3 months' follow‐up, the correlations were too low to calculate a MIC. A total of 20% of the results at 3 months and 80% of the results at 6 months were in accordance with the hypotheses. The MIC was 9 points at 6 months.ConclusionsThe AAQ was sufficiently responsive at the six‐months follow‐up, but not at the three‐month follow‐up. The MIC at the 6‐month follow‐up (9 points) was slightly lower than the smallest detectable change of 14 points found in a previous study.
Surface modification of cellulose nanofiber aerogels using phthalimide
Authors: Sepahvand Sima , Jonoobi Mehdi , Ashori Alireza , Gauvin Florent , Brouwers H.J.H. , Yu Qingliang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present work studied the possibility of using phthalimide for surface modification of cellulose nanofibers (CNF). The modification was carried out in 96/4 (v/v) water/acetic acid with CNF to phthalimide ratio of 1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:1.5 wt%, respectively. Morphological, physical, chemical, and thermal properties of prepared aerogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical characterization such as the stress‐strain behavior was measured by compression testing. The results showed that surface modification and addition of phthalimide increased the surface area and pore volume but decreased the overall pores size. The presence of phthalimide onto CNF was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as the characteristic peaks of NH2, CN, and ester bonding (
COO−) appeared. Since more energy is needed for breaking hydroxyl bonds than ionic bonds, by taking into account the reduced hydrogen bonds as the result of the chemical modification, the thermal stability of the CNF‐Ph is lower than the pure CNF aerogel. Besides, the modulus of elasticity increased that could be due to the high densities.
Anti‐VEGF‐Aptamer Modified C‐Dots—A Hybrid Nanocomposite for Topical Treatment of Ocular Vascular Disorders
Authors: Shoval Asaf , Markus Amos , Zhou Zhixin , Liu Xia , Cazelles Rémi , Willner Itamar , Mandel Yossi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces pathological angiogenetic ocular diseases. It is a scientific challenge to develop carriers for the controlled release of inhibitors for VEGF present in the back of the eye domain. Carbon dots (C‐dots) functionalized with the VEGF aptamer are introduced and the hybrid nanoparticles are used for ocular nanomedicine. The C‐dots are applied as effective carriers of the anti‐VEGF aptamer across the cornea, yielding therapeutic levels upon topical administration. The hybrids show no toxicity for both in vitro and in vivo murine animal model, and further enable noninvasive intraocular concentration monitoring through the C‐dots inherent fluorescence. In addition, the hybrid C‐dots effectively inhibit VEGF‐stimulated angiogenesis in choroidal blood vessels. This inhibition is comparable to two commercially available anti‐VEGF drugs, bevacizumab and aflibercept. The hybrid aptamer‐modified C‐dots provide a versatile nanomaterial to treat age‐related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
Making Sense of Modeling in Elementary Literacy Instruction
Authors: Schutz Kristine M. , Rainey Emily C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough modeling is an instructional approach commonly named in literacy education circles, the authors struggled to articulate the essential features of modeling to preservice teachers. This was a problem for them and for the preservice teachers with whom they worked. The problem also represents a larger one in the field, which is that educators are still building that which is the foundation of most other professions: a shared professional language. Efforts to build a shared professional language are important for literacy educators seeking to reflect on and improve their craft, literacy leaders working to make change at the school level, and mentor teachers and teacher educators tasked with preparing the next generation of teachers. The authors describe their efforts to articulate and represent modeling in elementary literacy instruction.
Hypercoagulability After Resection of Thoracic Malignancy: A Prospective Evaluation
Authors: Mulder Michelle B. , Proctor Kenneth G. , Valle Evan J. , Livingstone Alan S. , Nguyen Dao M. , Van Haren Robert M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundRates of venous thromboembolism are increased in thoracic malignancy; however, coagulation patterns are not established. We hypothesize that patients with esophageal and lung malignancy have similar hypercoagulable pre‐ and postoperative profiles as defined by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM).MethodsProspective study was conducted in 47 patients with esophageal and lung cancer undergoing surgical resection. ROTEM evaluated pre/postoperative coagulation status.ResultsPatients with thoracic malignancy were hypercoagulable by ROTEM, but not by conventional coagulation tests. Preoperative hypercoagulability was higher in lung versus esophageal cancer (64 vs. 16%, p = 0.001). Lung cancer patients that were hypercoagulable preoperatively demonstrated decreased maximum clot firmness (MCF) (p = 0.044) and increased clot time (p = 0.049) after surgical resection, suggesting reversal of hypercoagulability. Resection of esophageal cancer increased hypercoagulability (16 vs. 56%, p = 0.002) via elevated MCF (reflecting platelet activity). Hypercoagulability remained at follow‐up clinic for both lung and esophageal cancer patients.ConclusionsHypercoagulability in patients with lung malignancies reversed following complete surgical resection, whereas hypercoagulability occurred only postoperatively in those with esophageal malignancies. In both, hypercoagulability was associated with fibrin and platelet function.
Mathematics and Explanatory Generality: Nothing but Cognitive Salience
Authors: Knowles Robert , Saatsi Juha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate how real progress can be made in the debate surrounding the enhanced indispensability argument. Drawing on a counterfactual theory of explanation, well-motivated independently of the debate, we provide a novel analysis of ‘explanatory generality’ and how mathematics is involved in its procurement. On our analysis, mathematics’ sole explanatory contribution to the procurement of explanatory generality is to make counterfactual information about physical dependencies easier to grasp and reason with for creatures like us. This gives precise content to key intuitions traded in the debate, regarding mathematics’ procurement of explanatory generality, and adjudicates unambiguously in favour of the nominalist, at least as far as explanatory generality is concerned.