bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term fallow in extensive upland shifting cultivation systems of Northern Lao PDR: Its role in soil fertility restoration
Authors: Hepp Catherine M. , de Neergaard Andreas , Bruun Thilde Bech 
Published: June 2018

AbstractShifting cultivation, a land use strategy of often resource‐poor households, centers around the management practice of leaving land fallow for up to 20 years to restore soil fertility. Global pressures, for example, conservation policies or population increase, are in some areas restricting fallow duration to lengths theoretically considered insufficient for soil fertility restoration, which has however been difficult to document empirically. Thus, our main objective was to explore the role of short‐term fallow in soil fertility restoration in a shifting cultivation system in Northern Lao PDR with a 4‐year longitudinal study of nine upland fields left fallow after a single upland rice cropping. During the first fallow year, surface soil carbon, nitrogen, and permanganate‐oxidizable carbon (Pox‐C) levels increased an average of 1.06%, 0.06%, and 169 mg kg−1, respectively, after which levels plateau or decline. This trend is ascribed to the organic material input from crop residue and fallow vegetation and was not observed at a 10 cm depth where the major source of organic material is root residue. At this depth, carbon and nitrogen levels gradually declined with an increase only during the second fallow year. It is concluded that the fallowing effect on carbon sequestration, and indirectly soil fertility, depends on how far a soil is removed from its inherent carbon equilibrium level and sequestration capacity. Furthermore, we find that although Pox‐C likely reflects a labile soil carbon pool, the advantage lies with the method itself as it requires low resources, thus has potential for locally based monitoring of soil fertility.
Derivation of regional risk screening values and intervention values for cadmium‐contaminated agricultural land in the Guizhou Plateau
Authors: Zhang Sha , Song Jing , Cheng Yinwen , McBride Murray B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGiven the complex geology of karst terrain, regional geochemical cadmium (Cd) anomalies, and widespread man‐made soil contamination across the Guizhou Plateau, proper decision‐making models are needed for soil zonal management to lower risks of exceedances of contaminants, especially Cd, in agricultural produce. We conducted agricultural field investigations (n = 240) to characterize distribution of soil Cd and its relationship with soil types and soil properties. Additional 70 typical soils with differing soil types and properties were used in greenhouse experiments to derive reliable Cd soil–vegetable relationships and develop regional soil criteria. A soil type‐dependent soil Cd anomaly and a soil pH‐dependent Cd distribution in soils were identified, and Carbonati‐Udic Argosols had the highest soil Cd (mean 0.92 mg·kg−1) and relatively higher soil pH. High geochemically reactive Cd fraction in soil, with the superposition of elevated soil acidification, posed serious environmental risks. The bioaccumulation of Cd in Brassica p., a cruciferous crop, was controlled by the Cd (bio)availability in soil, which was strongly affected by soil pH. An extended Freundlich‐type model and a polynomial surface model can precisely predict the bioaccumulation of Cd. However, the latter was more suitable for deriving local soil criteria as it was less sensitive to soil pH, thus avoiding overprotection and underprediction at low and high soil pH ranges, respectively. Risk screening values were derived by accounting for model uncertainties and indicated that 93% of agricultural soils were safe for growing vegetables. Our findings can support farmers and policymakers in safe use of Cd‐contaminated croplands.
Breaking the Axial Diffraction Limit: A Guide to Axial Super‐Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Toussaint Kimani C. , Okoro Chukwuemeka , Zhu Dazhao , Chen Youhua , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOptical microscopy is a powerful tool for understanding the fundamentals of the microscopic world. However, for centuries its resolving ability remained limited by the optical diffraction limit. Super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) has been introduced to break the diffraction limit and significantly expand the fields in which optical microscopy can be applied. Unfortunately, SRFM contributes little towards axial resolution enhancement, rendering observation of the axial and three‐dimensional structures of biological tissues difficult; this may yield a misunderstanding of intracellular interactions. Based on the existing literature, the development of axial SRFM is still behind that of lateral SRFM. In light of this, this Review presents a comprehensive summary of the principles, development, characteristics, and applications of existing techniques for improving the axial resolution. This Review will provide a guide to researchers and promote further development of related technology.
Dual‐Crosslinked Amorphous Polysaccharide Hydrogels Based on Chitosan/Alginate for Wound Healing Applications
Authors: Hu Yang , Zhang Zhenyan , Li Yang , Ding Xiaokang , Li Dawei , Shen Chuanan , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDevelopment of advanced wound dressing materials with rapid healing rates is in urgent demand for wound cares. A suitable microenvironment will promote cell proliferation and migration, which benefits to early wound healing and prevents inflammations and scars. In this work, N‐carboxymethyl chitosan‐ and alginate‐based hydrogels are prepared via both electrostatic interaction and divalent chelation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) payload to promote the cell proliferation and wound healing. The dual‐crosslinked hydrogels are investigated in terms of rheology, water retention ability, and the release rate of EGF. Moreover, such amorphous hydrogel can promote cell proliferation and accelerate wound healing. The present study demonstrates that dual‐crosslinked polysaccharide hydrogels are promising in wound care management.
Complex roles of the old drug aspirin in cancer chemoprevention and therapy
Authors: Hua Hui , Zhang Hongying , Kong Qingbin , Wang Jiao , Jiang Yangfu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agent aspirin is widely used for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, epidemiologic evidences reveal that aspirin may prevent a variety of human cancers, while data on the association between aspirin and some kinds of cancer are conflicting. Preclinical studies and clinical trials also reveal the therapeutic effect of aspirin on cancer. Although cyclooxygenase is a well‐known target of aspirin, recent studies uncover other targets of aspirin and its metabolites, such as AMP‐activated protein kinase, cyclin‐dependent kinase, heparanase, and histone. Accumulating evidence demonstrate that aspirin may act in different cell types, such as epithelial cell, tumor cell, endothelial cell, platelet, and immune cell. Therefore, aspirin acts on diverse hallmarks of cancer, such as sustained tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune evasion. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the use of aspirin for cancer chemoprevention and therapy, and integratively analyze the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of aspirin and its metabolites. We also discuss mechanisms of aspirin resistance and describe some derivatives of aspirin, which aim to overcome the adverse effects of aspirin.
A mathematical deconvolution formulation for superficial dose distribution measurement by Cerenkov light dosimetry
Authors: Brost Eric Edward , Watanabe Yoichi 
Published: June 2018

PurposeCerenkov photons are created by high‐energy radiation beams used for radiation therapy. In this study, we developed a Cerenkov light dosimetry technique to obtain a two‐dimensional dose distribution in a superficial region of medium from the images of Cerenkov photons by using a deconvolution method.MethodsAn integral equation was derived to represent the Cerenkov photon image acquired by a camera for a given incident high‐energy photon beam by using convolution kernels. Subsequently, an equation relating the planar dose at a depth to a Cerenkov photon image using the well‐known relationship between the incident beam fluence and the dose distribution in a medium was obtained. The final equation contained a convolution kernel called the Cerenkov dose scatter function (CDSF). The CDSF function was obtained by deconvolving the Cerenkov scatter function (CSF) with the dose scatter function (DSF). The GAMOS (Geant4‐based Architecture for Medicine‐Oriented Simulations) Monte Carlo particle simulation software was used to obtain the CSF and DSF. The dose distribution was calculated from the Cerenkov photon intensity data using an iterative deconvolution method with the CDSF. The theoretical formulation was experimentally evaluated by using an optical phantom irradiated by high‐energy photon beams.ResultsThe intensity of the deconvolved Cerenkov photon image showed linear dependence on the dose rate and the photon beam energy. The relative intensity showed a field size dependence similar to the beam output factor. Deconvolved Cerenkov images showed improvement in dose profiles compared with the raw image data. In particular, the deconvolution significantly improved the agreement in the high dose gradient region, such as in the penumbra. Deconvolution with a single iteration was found to provide the most accurate solution of the dose. Two‐dimensional dose distributions of the deconvolved Cerenkov images agreed well with the reference distributions for both square fields and a multileaf collimator (MLC) defined, irregularly shaped field.ConclusionsThe proposed technique improved the accuracy of the Cerenkov photon dosimetry in the penumbra region. The results of this study showed initial validation of the deconvolution method for beam profile measurements in a homogeneous media. The new formulation accounted for the physical processes of Cerenkov photon transport in the medium more accurately than previously published methods.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Fluoro‐glycosylated Porphyrins that can be Utilized as Theranostic Agents
Authors: Arja Katriann , Elgland Mathias , Appelqvist Hanna , Konradsson Peter , Lindgren Mikael , Nilsson K. Peter R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Professor Peter Nilsson at the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology at Linköping University (Sweden). The cover picture shows a fluoro‐glycoporphyrin that selectively targets cancer cells. The selectivity towards cancer cells are afforded due to proper functionalization of the porphyrin scaffold with specific carbohydrates, and the cancer cells can be visualized because of the intrinsic fluorescence from the porphyrin. The molecule also exhibits properties for photodynamic therapy and the incorporation of fluorine, in the form of 2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy glucose (FDG), offers the possibility to apply these compounds as 18F positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. Thus, fluoro‐glycoporphyrins display multimodal properties and can be employed as theranostic agents targeting cancer cells. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.201800020.
A phase I window, dose escalating and safety trial of metformin in combination with induction chemotherapy in relapsed refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Metformin with induction chemotherapy of vincristine, dexamethasone, PEG‐asparaginase, and doxorubicin
Authors: Trucco Matteo , Barredo Julio C. , Goldberg John , Leclerc Gilles M. , Hale Gregory A. , Gill Jonathan , Setty Bhuvana , Smith Tiffany , Lush Richard , Lee Jae K. , Reed Damon R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains a major cause of death in children. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) affects the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to increased vulnerability to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in ALL cells. In vitro, metformin causes ALL cell death via AMPK‐mediated inhibition of the UPR. It was evaluated whether ER stress could be induced in relapsed ALL through a phase I study investigating the safety and feasibility of metformin in combination with relapse induction chemotherapy.ProcedureMetformin was administered twice daily for 28 days in addition to vincristine, dexamethasone, PEG‐asparaginase and doxorubicin (VXLD). Dose escalation of metformin was evaluated using a 3+3 design. Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) evaluation of the AMPK and ER stress/UPR pathways, and treatment response were assessed.ResultsFourteen patients were enrolled; all were evaluable for toxicity. The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was Dose level 2, 1,000 mg/m2/day. A single dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), hypoglycemia with acidosis, was observed at the RP2D and two DLTs, diarrhea and acidosis, were observed at Dose Level 3. Nine patients were evaluable for response as defined by the protocol, receiving at least 85% of planned metformin doses. Five complete remissions, one partial response, and one stable disease were observed. PD evaluation showed induction of ER stress, activation of AMPK, and inhibition of the UPR.ConclusionsThe VXLD with metformin was tolerable with a RP2D for metformin of 1,000 mg/m2/day and yielded responses in a heavily pretreated population. ER stress was induced and toxicities attributable to metformin occurred in all dose levels.
Dose–volume metrics and their relation to memory performance in pediatric brain tumor patients: A preliminary study
Authors: Raghubar Kimberly P. , Lamba Michael , Cecil Kim M. , Yeates Keith Owen , Mahone E. Mark , Limke Christina , Grosshans David , Beckwith Travis J. , Ris M. Douglas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in radiation treatment (RT), specifically volumetric planning with detailed dose and volumetric data for specific brain structures, have provided new opportunities to study neurobehavioral outcomes of RT in children treated for brain tumor. The present study examined the relationship between biophysical and physical dose metrics and neurocognitive ability, namely learning and memory, 2 years post‐RT in pediatric brain tumor patients.ProcedureThe sample consisted of 26 pediatric patients with brain tumor, 14 of whom completed neuropsychological evaluations on average 24 months post‐RT. Prescribed dose and dose–volume metrics for specific brain regions were calculated including physical metrics (i.e., mean dose and maximum dose) and biophysical metrics (i.e., integral biological effective dose and generalized equivalent uniform dose). We examined the associations between dose–volume metrics (whole brain, right and left hippocampus), and performance on measures of learning and memory (Children's Memory Scale).ResultsBiophysical dose metrics were highly correlated with the physical metric of mean dose but not with prescribed dose. Biophysical metrics and mean dose, but not prescribed dose, correlated with measures of learning and memory.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings call into question the value of prescribed dose for characterizing treatment intensity; they also suggest that biophysical dose has only a limited advantage compared to physical dose when calculated for specific regions of the brain. We discuss the implications of the findings for evaluating and understanding the relation between RT and neurocognitive functioning.
Nondestructive evaluation sensor fusion with autonomous robotic system for civil infrastructure inspection
Authors: Gibb Spencer , La Hung Manh , Le Tuan , Nguyen Luan , Schmid Ryan , Pham Huy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCivil infrastructure inspection is crucial to maintaining the quality of that infrastructure, which has a great impact on the economy. Performing this inspection is costly work that requires workers to be trained on how to use varying technologies, which can be error prone when performed manually and can result in damage to the infrastructure in some cases. For this reason, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) sensors are preferred for civil infrastructure inspection as they can perform the necessary inspection without damaging the infrastructure. In this paper, we develop a fully autonomous robotic system capable of real‐time data collection and quasi‐real‐time data processing. The robotic system is equipped with several NDE sensors that allow for a sensor fusion method to be developed that successfully minimizes inspection time while performing adequate inspection of areas that require more in‐depth data to be collected. A detailed discussion of the inspection framework developed for this robotic system, and the dual navigation modes for both indoor and outdoor autonomous navigation is presented. The developed robotic system is deployed to inspect several infrastructures (e.g., parking garages, bridges) at and near by the University of Nevada, Reno campus.
P‐67: High‐flatness OC Material for M+ Model applying Siloxane Binder
Authors: Jung HyeYoung , Hong SangPyo , Kang DongWoo , Choi YoungSeok , Kim HwanMyeong 
Published: June 2018

LG Display produces M+ models which provide high brightness and lower electric consumption by applying R, G, B, and W pixel system. The M+ Models with four pixels, with White pixels added to the RGB structure with three RGB pixels, have various strengths in the product characteristics.However, The M+ models have a disadvantage that it has to perform the White photo process once more than the RGB structure.In this study, we have developed a highly planarizable Over coat material to reduce the process of the M+ Models, which can the same number of processes as the RGB structure, and over coat material with enhanced barrier, which is the main function of Over Coat
P‐116: Field Assisted Unidirectional Alignment of Quantum‐Rods with Polarized Light Emission
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Murali G. , Manda Ramesh , Kim Yulki , Lee Sung Guk , Heo Yun Jin , Lee Seung Hee 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOwing to anisotropic light emission, an aligned quantum‐rods (QRs) array paired with LCD backlight offers a viable option to achieve the light polarization and enhance the color gamut. Herein, we present a facile approach for the fabrication of a functional film with unidirectional ordered QRs by utilizing solvent‐based UV‐curable reactive‐mesogen and an in‐plane electric field. The film exhibits partially polarized light with polarization ratio value of 0.42, which was mainly attributed to the QRs alignment in the electrode gap area of IPS substrate.
9‐2: Invited Paper: Stretchable Electronics for Wearable Microvolt Biosignal Monitoring Systems
Authors: Sekitani Tsuyoshi , Yoshimoto Shusuke , Araki Teppei , Noda Yuki , Uemura Takafumi 
Published: June 2018

We report on recent progress in large, ultraflexible, and stretchable electronic sensors. Our work focuses on integration technologies for thin‐film electronics comprising ultrasoft gel electrodes, thin‐film amplifiers, Si‐LSI platforms, thin‐film batteries, and information engineering; integrating these technologies enables them to function as imperceptible active sensors.Here, we demonstrate the application of imperceptible sensors for a biosignal monitoring sheet system whose measurement accuracy is 0.1 µV. The most important technology for monitoring very small signals is flexible organic amplification circuits. Taking full advantage of flexible and stretchable electronic technology, we demonstrate wireless sheet electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring systems for next‐generation telemedicine. The ultraflexible and compliant thin‐film amplifier can amplify biological signals by a factor of 3000, for monitoring of microvolt EEG signals.
Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Antitumor Activity of Glucosyl Ester Derivatives Containing Amino Acid Linker
Authors: An Dong , Feng D. X. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this present study, two series of glucosyl ester derivatives were synthesized by enzymatic acylation and their structures were characterized. The optimum condition was confirmed by experimental influence factors such as enzyme type, reaction time and temperature. The antitumor activity in vitro against three cancer cells including Human colon carcinoma (K562), Human hepatoma (HepG2) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) were evaluated using MTT methods. The results indicated that the glucosyl esters could significantly show high anticancer activity as their low IC50 values. Thereinto, methyl 6‐O‐(N‐dodecanoyl‐glycyl)‐α‐D‐glucosyl ester (16) and methyl 6‐O‐(N‐dodecanoyl‐valine acyl)‐α‐D‐glucosyl ester (20) showed higher inhibition effect to cancer cells than other compounds and control drug 5‐FU. The preliminary prediction of this type of compound had certain inhibitory effect on growth of tumor cells, and non‐toxic to normal cells. It is our propose to introduce many such novel amino acid sugar esters as antineoplastic drugs to be widely investigated.
The role of site and severity of injury as predictors of mental health outcomes following traumatic injury
Authors: Baecher Katharine , Kangas Maria , Taylor Alan , O'Donnell Meaghan L. , Bryant Richard A. , Silove Derrick , McFarlane Alexander C. , Wade Darryl 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of injury site and severity as predictors of mental health outcomes in the initial 12 months following traumatic injury. Using a multisite, longitudinal study, participants with a traumatic physical injury (N = 1,098) were assessed during hospital admission and followed up at 3 months (N = 932, 86%) and at 12 months (N = 715, 71%). Injury site was measured using the Abbreviated Injury Scale 90, and objective injury severity was measured using the Injury Severity Score. Participants also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Clinician Administered Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale. A random intercept mixed modelling analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of site and severity of injury in relation to anxiety, PTSD, and depressive symptoms. Injury severity, as well as head and facial injuries, was predictive of elevated PTSD symptoms, and external injuries were associated with both PTSD and depression severity. In contrast, lower extremity injuries were associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. The findings suggest that visible injuries are predictive of reduced mental health, particularly PTSD following traumatic injury. This has clinical implications for further advancing the screening for vulnerable injured trauma survivors at risk of chronic psychopathology.
Morphology Evolution and Control of Mo‐polydopamine Coordination Complex from 2D Single Nanopetal to Hierarchical Microflowers
Authors: Sun Lianshan , Wang Chunli , Wang Xuxu , Wang Limin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractControllable synthesis of functional materials is of widespread interest for particle engineering. Such a method has not been widely promoted due to the lack of recognition of the fundamental principle, especially for organic–inorganic hybrid materials. Here, as an entrance, the controllable synthesis of Mo‐polydopamine coordination flowers is realized through a facile foaming method, and a 2D nanopetal as the building monomer of the flower is synthesized. Depending on the morphology evolution of Mo‐dopamine complex under different conditions, and the surface iterative topology growth of the Mo‐polydopamine petal, the reasons of why the Mo‐polydopamine complex self‐assembles into a flower structure can be attributed to the synergistic effect of multicore symbiosis and structural self‐protective growth behaviors. Benefiting from the strong structure stability of the Mo‐polydopamine nanopetal, a hybrid structure of MoO2 quantum dot in situ anchoring in the N‐doped 2D carbon framework is prepared by direct pyrolysis, which shows a highly reversible performance in application for lithium‐ion secondary batteries (LIBs). This work enhances the possibility for the controllable synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid materials by adjusting the multicore intergrowth and inhibiting the interfacial assembly.