bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrative review exploring the perceptions of patients and healthcare professionals towards patient involvement in promoting hand hygiene compliance in the hospital setting
Authors: Alzyood Mamdooh , Jackson Debra , Brooke Joanne , Aveyard Helen 
Published: February 2018

Aims and objectivesTo review patients’ and healthcare professionals’ perceptions of patient involvement in promoting hand hygiene compliance in the hospital setting.BackgroundInitiatives continue to emphasise the importance of involving patients in their safety at the point of care. A patient‐centred care approach aimed to empower patients to become active members of the healthcare team. However, understanding the perceptions of patients and healthcare professionals of patient involvement in promoting hand hygiene compliance among healthcare professionals has yet to be fully explored.DesignIntegrative literature review.MethodsA five‐stage review process informed by Whittemore and Knafl's methodology was conducted. MEDLINE and CINAHL were searched for papers published between January 2009–July 2017. Data were extracted manually, organised using NVivo 11 and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFrom an identified 240 papers, 19 papers were included in this review. Thematic analysis revealed two main themes with three related subthemes. Patients were willing to remind healthcare professionals (especially nurses) to wash their hands, healthcare professionals perception towards patients’ involvement varied from one study to another. However, an overall positive attitude towards patient involvement was related to how patients asked and how healthcare professionals responded to being asked.ConclusionThere is limited evidence regarding patients’ actual intention to ask healthcare professionals to wash their hands, and some evidence that patients are reluctant to do so. Further research is required to understand this area thoroughly, including which situations patients would feel more empowered to speak up.Relevance to clinical practiceSimple messages promoting patient involvement may lead to complex reactions in both patients and healthcare professionals. It is unclear, yet how patients and staff react to such messages in clinical practice. There is a need for a deeper understanding of how they can work together to support harm free care.
A Clinical Comparative Study of 3‐Dimensional Accuracy between Digital and Conventional Implant Impression Techniques
Authors: Alsharbaty Mohammed Hussein M. , Alikhasi Marzieh , Zarrati Simindokht , Shamshiri Ahmed Reza 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of a digital implant impression technique using a TRIOS 3Shape intraoral scanner (IOS) compared to conventional implant impression techniques (pick‐up and transfer) in clinical situations.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six patients who had two implants (Implantium, internal connection) ranging in diameter between 3.8 and 4.8 mm in posterior regions participated in this study after signing a consent form. Thirty‐six reference models (RM) were fabricated by attaching two impression copings intraorally, splinted with autopolymerizing acrylic resin, verified by sectioning through the middle of the index, and rejoined again with freshly mixed autopolymerizing acrylic resin pattern (Pattern Resin) with the brush bead method. After that, the splinted assemblies were attached to implant analogs (DANSE) and impressed with type III dental stone (Gypsum Microstone) in standard plastic die lock trays. Thirty‐six working casts were fabricated for each conventional impression technique (i.e., pick‐up and transfer). Thirty‐six digital impressions were made with a TRIOS 3Shape IOS. Eight of the digitally scanned files were damaged; 28 digital scan files were retrieved to STL format. A coordinate‐measuring machine (CMM) was used to record linear displacement measurements (x, y, and z‐coordinates), interimplant distances, and angular displacements for the RMs and conventionally fabricated working casts. CATIA 3D evaluation software was used to assess the digital STL files for the same variables as the CMM measurements. CMM measurements made on the RMs and conventionally fabricated working casts were compared with 3D software measurements made on the digitally scanned files. Data were statistically analyzed using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) with an exchangeable correlation matrix and linear method, followed by the Bonferroni method for pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05).ResultsThe results showed significant differences between the pick‐up and digital groups in all of the measured variables (p < 0.001). Concerning the transfer and digital groups, the results were statistically significant in angular displacement (p < 0.001), distance measurements (p = 0.01), and linear displacement (p = 0.03); however, between the pick‐up and transfer groups, there was no statistical significance in all of the measured variables (interimplant distance deviation, linear displacement, and angular displacement deviations).ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study, the digital implant impression technique had the least accuracy. Based on the study outcomes, distance and angulation errors associated with the intraoral digital implant impressions were too large to fabricate well‐fitting restorations for partially edentulous patients. The pick‐up implant impression technique was the most accurate, and the transfer technique revealed comparable accuracy to it.
Trend and outcome of sepsis in children: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Yo Chia‐Hung , Hsu Tzu‐Chun , Gabriel Lee Meng‐Tse , Porta Lorenzo , Tsou Po‐Yang , Wang Yu‐Hsun , Lee Wan‐Chien , Chen Szu‐Ta , Lee Chien‐Chang ,   on behalf of National Taiwan University Hospital Health Economics and Outcome Research Group
Published: February 2018

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the trend of incidence and outcome of paediatric sepsis in a population‐based database.MethodsChildren with sepsis were identified from the 23 million nationwide health insurance claims database of Taiwan. Sepsis was defined by the presence of single ICD‐9 code for severe sepsis or septic shock or a combination of ICD‐9 codes for infection and organ dysfunction. We analysed the trend of incidence, mortality and source of infection in three age groups: infant (28 days to 1 year), child (1–9 years) and adolescent (10–18 years).ResultsFrom 2002 to 2012, we identified 38 582 paediatric patients with sepsis, of which 21.3% were infants, 52.8% were children and 25.8% were adolescents. The incidence of sepsis was 336.4 cases per 100 000 population in infants, 3.3 times higher than in children (101.5/100 000 cases) and 7.3 times higher than in adolescents (46.2/100 000 cases). While sepsis incidence decreased from 598.0 to 336.4 cases per 100 000 people in the infant population, it remained relatively unchanged in children and adolescents. For 90‐day mortality, there were significant decreases in all three age groups (absolute decrease of 5.0% for infants, 3.7% for children and 14.4% for the adolescents). In the infant population, we observed a decrease in the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections, while the incidence of urinary tract infections remained unchanged.ConclusionsThe incidence and mortality of sepsis among paediatric patients have decreased substantially between 2002 and 2012, especially among infants. The widespread use of Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcal vaccines in infants could be a possible explanation.
Zinc Deficiency‐Like Syndrome in Fleckvieh Calves: Clinical and Pathological Findings and Differentiation from Bovine Hereditary Zinc Deficiency
Authors: Langenmayer M.C. , Jung S. , Majzoub‐Altweck M. , Trefz F.M. , Seifert C. , Knubben‐Schweizer G. , Fries R. , Hermanns W. , Gollnick N.S. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundZinc deficiency‐like (ZDL) syndrome is an inherited defect of Fleckvieh calves, with striking similarity to bovine hereditary zinc deficiency (BHZD). However, the causative mutation in a phospholipase D4 encoding gene (PLD4) shows no connection to zinc metabolism.ObjectivesTo describe clinical signs, laboratory variables, and pathological findings of ZDL syndrome and their utility to differentiate ZDL from BHZD and infectious diseases with similar phenotype.AnimalsNine hospitalized calves with crusting dermatitis and confirmed mutation in PLD4 and medical records from 25 calves with crusting dermatitis or suspected zinc deficiency.MethodsProspective and retrospective case series.ResultsThe 9 calves (age: 5–53 weeks) displayed a moderate to severe crusting dermatitis mainly on the head, ventrum, and joints. Respiratory and digestive tract inflammations were frequently observed. Zinc supplementation did not lead to remission of clinical signs in 4 calves. Laboratory variables revealed slight anemia in 8 calves, hypoalbuminemia in 6 calves, but reduced serum zinc concentrations in only 3 calves. Mucosal erosions/ulcerations were present in 7 calves and thymus atrophy or reduced thymic weights in 8 calves. Histologically, skin lesions were indistinguishable from BHZD. Retrospective analysis of medical records revealed the presence of this phenotype since 1988 and pedigree analysis revealed a common ancestor of several affected calves.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceZDL syndrome should be suspected in Fleckvieh calves with crusting dermatitis together with diarrhea or respiratory tract inflammations without response to oral zinc supplementation. Definite diagnosis requires molecular genetic confirmation of the PLD4 mutation.
Taxon sampling effects on the quantification and comparison of community phylogenetic diversity
Authors: Park Daniel S. , Worthington Steven , Xi Zhenxiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEcologists are increasingly making use of molecular phylogenies, especially in the fields of community ecology and conservation. However, these phylogenies are often used without full appreciation of their underlying assumptions and uncertainties. A frequent practice in ecological studies is inferring a phylogeny with molecular data from taxa only within the community of interest. These “inferred community phylogenies” are inherently biased in their taxon sampling. Despite the importance of comprehensive sampling in constructing phylogenies, the implications of using inferred community phylogenies in ecological studies have not been examined. Here, we evaluate how taxon sampling affects the quantification and comparison of community phylogenetic diversity using both simulated and empirical data sets. We demonstrate that inferred community trees greatly underestimate phylogenetic diversity and that the probability of incorrectly ranking community diversity can reach up to 25%, depending on the dating methods employed. We argue that to reach reliable conclusions, ecological studies must improve their taxon sampling and generate the best phylogeny possible.
Sensory nerve degeneration in a mouse model mimicking early manifestations of familial amyloid polyneuropathy due to transthyretin Ala97Ser
Authors: Kan H.‐W. , Chiang H. , Lin W.‐M. , Yu I.‐S. , Lin S.‐W. , Hsieh S.‐T. 
Published: February 2018

AimsSensory nerve degeneration and consequent abnormal sensations are the earliest and most prevalent manifestations of familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) due to amyloidogenic transthyretin (TTR). FAP is a relentlessly progressive degenerative disease of the peripheral nervous system. However, there is a lack of mouse models to replicate the early neuropathic manifestations of FAP.MethodsWe established human TTR knock‐in mice by replacing one allele of the mouse Ttr locus with human wild‐type TTR (hTTRwt) or human TTR with the A97S mutation (hTTRA97S). Given the late onset of neuropathic manifestations in A97S‐FAP, we investigated nerve pathology, physiology, and behavioural tests in these mice at two age points: the adult group (8 – 56 weeks) and the ageing group (> 104 weeks).ResultsIn the adult group, nerve profiles, neurophysiology and behaviour were similar between hTTRwt and hTTRA97S mice. By contrast, ageing hTTRA97S mice showed small fibre neuropathy with decreased intraepidermal nerve fibre density and behavioural signs of mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, significant reductions in sural nerve myelinated nerve fibre density and sensory nerve action potential amplitudes in these mice indicated degeneration of large sensory fibres. The unaffected motor nerve physiology replicated the early symptoms of FAP patients, that is, sensory nerves were more vulnerable to mutant TTR than motor nerves.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that the hTTRA97S mouse model develops sensory nerve pathology and corresponding physiology mimicking A97S‐FAP and provides a platform to develop new therapies for the early stage of A97S‐FAP.
Living on next to nothing: tree seedlings can survive weeks with very low carbohydrate concentrations
Authors: Weber Raphael , Schwendener Andrea , Schmid Sandra , Lambert Savoyane , Wiley Erin , Landhäusser Simon M. , Hartmann Henrik , Hoch Günter 
Published: February 2018

Summary

The usage of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) to indicate carbon (C) limitation in trees requires knowledge of the minimum tissue NSC concentrations at lethal C starvation, and the NSC dynamics during and after severe C limitation.

We completely darkened and subsequently released seedlings of two deciduous and two evergreen temperate tree species for varying periods. NSCs were measured in all major organs, allowing assessment of whole‐seedling NSC balances.

NSCs decreased fast in darkness, but seedlings survived species‐specific whole‐seedling starch concentrations as low as 0.4–0.8% per dry matter (DM), and sugar (sucrose, glucose and fructose) concentrations as low as 0.5–2.0% DM. After re‐illumination, the refilling of NSC pools began within 3 wk, while the resumption of growth was delayed or restricted. All seedlings had died after 12 wk of darkness, and starch and sugar concentrations in most tissues were lower than 1% DM.

We conclude that under the applied conditions, tree seedlings can survive several weeks with very low NSC reserves probably also using alternative C sources like lipids, proteins or hemicelluloses; lethal C starvation cannot be assumed, if NSC concentrations are higher than the minimum concentrations found in surviving seedlings; and NSC reformation after re‐illumination occurs preferentially over growth.
Native soils with their microbiotas elicit a state of alert in tomato plants
Authors: Chialva Matteo , Salvioli di Fossalunga Alessandra , Daghino Stefania , Ghignone Stefano , Bagnaresi Paolo , Chiapello Marco , Novero Mara , Spadaro Davide , Perotto Silvia , Bonfante Paola 
Published: February 2018

Summary

Several studies have investigated soil microbial biodiversity, but understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant responses to soil microbiota remains in its infancy. Here, we focused on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), testing the hypothesis that plants grown on native soils display different responses to soil microbiotas.

Using transcriptomics, proteomics, and biochemistry, we describe the responses of two tomato genotypes (susceptible or resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) grown on an artificial growth substrate and two native soils (conducive and suppressive to Fusarium).

Native soils affected tomato responses by modulating pathways involved in responses to oxidative stress, phenol biosynthesis, lignin deposition, and innate immunity, particularly in the suppressive soil. In tomato plants grown on steam‐disinfected soils, total phenols and lignin decreased significantly. The inoculation of a mycorrhizal fungus partly rescued this response locally and systemically. Plants inoculated with the fungal pathogen showed reduced disease symptoms in the resistant genotype in both soils, but the susceptible genotype was partially protected from the pathogen only when grown on the suppressive soil.

The ‘state of alert’ detected in tomatoes reveals novel mechanisms operating in plants in native soils and the soil microbiota appears to be one of the drivers of these plant responses.
Mechanisms of glacial‐to‐future atmospheric CO2 effects on plant immunity
Authors: Williams Alex , Pétriacq Pierre , Schwarzenbacher Roland E. , Beerling David J. , Ton Jurriaan 
Published: February 2018

Summary

The impacts of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations on plant disease have received increasing attention, but with little consensus emerging on the direct mechanisms by which CO2 shapes plant immunity. Furthermore, the impact of sub‐ambient CO2 concentrations, which plants have experienced repeatedly over the past 800 000 yr, has been largely overlooked.

A combination of gene expression analysis, phenotypic characterisation of mutants and mass spectrometry‐based metabolic profiling was used to determine development‐independent effects of sub‐ambient CO2 (saCO2) and elevated CO2 (eCO2) on Arabidopsis immunity.

Resistance to the necrotrophic Plectosphaerella cucumerina (Pc) was repressed at saCO2 and enhanced at eCO2. This CO2‐dependent resistance was associated with priming of jasmonic acid (JA)‐dependent gene expression and required intact JA biosynthesis and signalling. Resistance to the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) increased at both eCO2 and saCO2. Although eCO2 primed salicylic acid (SA)‐dependent gene expression, mutations affecting SA signalling only partially suppressed Hpa resistance at eCO2, suggesting additional mechanisms are involved. Induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at saCO2 corresponded to a loss of resistance in glycolate oxidase mutants and increased transcription of the peroxisomal catalase gene CAT2, unveiling a mechanism by which photorespiration‐derived ROS determined Hpa resistance at saCO2.

By separating indirect developmental impacts from direct immunological effects, we uncover distinct mechanisms by which CO2 shapes plant immunity and discuss their evolutionary significance.
Saliva with reduced calcium and phosphorous concentrations: Effect on erosion dental lesions
Authors: Denucci GC , Mantilla TF , Amaral FLB , Basting RT , França FMG , Turssi CP 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate whether saliva formulations with reduced calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphorous (Pi) concentration would affect dental erosion caused by hydrochloric acid (HCl).MethodsEnamel and root dentine bovine slabs were embedded, polished, and measured for surface Knoop microhardness (SMH). After reference areas were created, specimens were exposed to HCl solution (0.01 M; pH 2; 120 s) and immersed in artificial salivas (6 hr) containing three different Ca/Pi concentrations (n = 15), which simulate serum conditions of normo‐, mild, or severe hypocalcemia. The control group was immersed in Ca/Pi‐free saliva. The study protocol was carried out 2×/day for 5 days. Surface loss of enamel and root dentine was assessed using an optical profilometer, and SMH was remeasured for enamel.ResultsOne‐way analysis of variance (p < .001) and Tukey’s test showed that enamel loss in groups subjected to artificial salivas that simulated mild or severe hypocalcemia did not differ from that resembling normocalcemia. %SMH was lower when saliva was mildly and normally concentrated in Ca/Pi (p < .001). Root dentine loss was higher in saliva simulating severe hypocalcemia than in those referring to mild, hypo‐, and normocalcemia.ConclusionsDepending on the dental substrate, salivary formulations resembling serum hypocalcemia affected surface loss due to erosion and rehardening thereof.
Management of post‐traumatic malocclusion: an alternative treatment
Authors: Rozeboom A.V.J. , Dubois L. , Lobbezoo F. , Schreurs R. , Milstein D.M.J. , de Lange J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPost‐traumatic malocclusion is one of the most common complications following closed treatment of condylar fractures. Depending on the severity of the malocclusion, most clinicians choose an orthodontic and/or surgical treatment plan. In this technical note, an alternative non‐surgical procedure for managing malocclusion complications associated with closed treatment of condylar fractures is presented. Four patients with post‐traumatic malocclusion following conservative treatment were referred to our centre in 2013 and 2014. In all these patients, hypomochlions (hypo – small; mochlos – lever) or occlusal stops were used to modulate the feedback mechanism that had developed in patients with a post‐traumatic malocclusion. After removal of the occlusal stops and a period of physiotherapy, a stable functional occlusion was achieved within a timeframe of 6 weeks in all patients. This result indicates that post‐traumatic malocclusion complications following conservative (closed) treatments can be successfully resolved without the need for further invasive surgical procedures.
Hydraulics play an important role in causing low growth rate and dieback of aging Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica trees in plantations of Northeast China
Authors: Liu Yan‐Yan , Wang Ai‐Ying , An Yu‐Ning , Lian Pei‐Yong , Wu De‐Dong , Zhu Jiao‐Jun , Meinzer Frederick C. , Hao Guang‐You 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe frequently observed forest decline in water‐limited regions may be associated with impaired tree hydraulics, but the precise physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. We compared hydraulic architecture of Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) trees of different size classes from a plantation and a natural forest site to test whether greater hydraulic limitation with increasing size plays an important role in tree decline observed in the more water‐limited plantation site. We found that trees from plantations overall showed significantly lower stem hydraulic efficiency. More importantly, plantation‐grown trees showed significant declines in stem hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic safety margins as well as syndromes of stronger drought stress with increasing size, whereas no such trends were observed at the natural forest site. Most notably, the leaf to sapwood area ratio (LA/SA) showed a strong linear decline with increasing tree size at the plantation site. Although compensatory adjustments in LA/SA may mitigate the effect of increased water stress in larger trees, they may result in greater risk of carbon imbalance, eventually limiting tree growth at the plantation site. Our results provide a potential mechanistic explanation for the widespread decline of Mongolian pine trees in plantations of Northern China.
Genomic structure and expression of alternative oxidase genes in legumes
Authors: Sweetman Crystal , Soole Kathleen L. , Jenkins Colin L.D. , Day David A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMitochondria isolated from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) possess substantial alternative oxidase (AOX) activity, even in non‐stressed plants, and one or two AOX protein bands were detected immunologically, depending on the organ. Four different AOX isoforms were identified in the chickpea genome: CaAOX1 and CaAOX2A, B and D. CaAOX2A was the most highly expressed form and was strongly expressed in photosynthetic tissues, whereas CaAOX2D was found in all organs examined. These results are very similar to those of previous studies with soybean and siratro. Searches of available databases showed that this pattern of AOX genes and their expression was common to at least 16 different legume species. The evolution of the legume AOX gene family is discussed, as is the in vivo impact of an inherently high AOX capacity in legumes on growth and responses to environmental stresses.