bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between soft drink, fruit juice consumption and obesity in Eastern Europe: cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis of the HAPIEE study
Authors: Garduño‐Alanís A. , Malyutina S. , Pajak A. , Stepaniak U. , Kubinova R. , Denisova D. , Pikhart H. , Peasey A. , Bobak M. , Stefler D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundFruit juice and soft drink consumption have been shown to be related to obesity. However, this relationship has not been explored in Eastern Europe. The present study aimed to assess the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between fruit juice, soft drink consumption and body mass index (BMI) in Eastern European cohorts.MethodsData from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe population‐based prospective cohort study, based in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic, were used. Intakes of sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB), artificially‐sweetened beverage (ASB) and fruit juice were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Participant BMI values were assessed at baseline (n = 26 634) and after a 3‐year follow‐up (data available only for Russia, n = 5205).ResultsSoft drink consumption was generally low, particularly in Russia. Compared to never drinkers of SSB, participants who drank SSB every day had a significantly higher BMI in the Czech [β‐coefficient = 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.02–0.54], Russian (β‐coefficient = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.62–2.15) and Polish (β‐coefficient = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.29–1.37) cohorts. Occasional or daily ASB consumption was also positively associated with BMI in all three cohorts. Results for daily fruit juice intake were inconsistent, with a positive association amongst Russians (β‐coefficient = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.28–1.21) but a negative trend in the Czech Republic (β‐coefficient = −0.42; 95% CI = −0.86 to 0.02). Russians participants who drank SSB or ASB had an increased BMI after follow‐up.ConclusionsOur findings support previous studies suggesting that soft drink consumption (including SSBs and ASBs) is positively related to BMI, whereas our results for fruit juice were less consistent. Policies regarding these beverages should be considered in Eastern Europe to lower the risk of obesity.
The development of the osteocranium in the snake Psammophis sibilans (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae)
Authors: AL Mohammadi Ameera G. A. , Khannoon Eraqi R. , Evans Susan E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNon‐avian reptiles are good models to investigate structural and developmental differences between amniotes. Investigations of craniofacial development in a complete series of embryos from oviposition up to hatching are still relatively rare. Consideration of a complete series can reveal developmental events that were previously missed, and thus correct or confirm theories about developmental events. The Egyptian Sand snake, Psammophis sibilans, has been a key species in descriptions of the snake skull development. However, published work was based on a limited sample of specimens collected from the wild. Here, we supplement previous descriptions with an illustrated account of skull development in P. sibilans based on a staged series of embryos and histological sections. Our findings largely agree with those of previous authors, although we record differences in developmental timing, confirming the presence of an egg tooth in this species. We add further observations on the enigmatic fenestra X, showing that it closes rather than merging with the prootic notch. Our observations revealed the likely contribution of the tectum posterius to the occipital roof, the presence of an internal carotid foramen (possibly transitory or variable), and the formation of the initial laterosphenoid pillar.
Teachers as writers: learning together with others
Authors: Cremin Teresa , Myhill Debra , Eyres Ian , Nash Tricia , Wilson Antony , Oliver Lucy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the context of renewed interest in teachers' identities as writers and the writers as artist‐educators, this paper reports upon the findings of “Teachers as Writers” (2015–2017). A collaborative partnership between two universities and a creative writing foundation, the study sought to determine the impact of writers' engagement with teachers on changing teachers' classroom practices in the teaching of writing and, as a consequence, in improving outcomes for students. The project afforded opportunities for writers and teachers to work together as learners in order to improve student outcomes. The study involved two complementary datasets: a qualitative dataset of observations, interviews, audio‐capture (of workshops, tutorials and co‐mentoring reflections) and audio‐diaries from 16 teachers; and a randomised controlled trial (RCT) involving 32 primary and secondary classes. The findings reveal that the teachers' identities and assurance as writers shifted significantly. The Arvon experience also led to pedagogic shifts which the students reported impacted positively upon their motivation, confidence and sense of ownership and skills as writers. However, these salient dispositional shifts did not impact upon the young people's attainment. The professional writers gained new understandings which substantially altered their conceptions of writers' potential contribution in schools.
Conditions and ethical challenges that could influence the implementation of technologies in nursing homes: A qualitative study
Authors: Bourbonnais Anne , Rousseau Jacqueline , Lalonde Marie‐Hélène , Meunier Jean , Lapierre Nolwenn , Gagnon Marie‐Pierre 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the conditions that may influence the implementation of an interactive mobile application (app) and an intelligent videomonitoring system (IVS) in nursing homes (NHs) and the ethical challenges of their use.BackgroundThere is a lack of knowledge about implementing technologies in NHs and the ethical challenges that might arise. In past studies, nursing care teams expressed the need for technologies offering clinical support. Technologies like an IVS and an app could prove useful in NHs to prevent and manage falls and responsive behaviours.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study was conducted with care managers, family caregivers and formal caregivers in five NHs.MethodsEach participant was shown a presentation of a potential app and a short video on an IVS. It was followed by an individual semi‐structured interview. A conventional content analysis was performed.FindingsPotential users found it would be possible to implement these technologies in NHs even if resistance could be expected. To facilitate adoption and achieve clinical benefits, the implementation of technologies should be pilot‐tested, and coaching activities should be planned. Ethical risks were considered already present in NHs even without technologies, for example, risks to privacy. Strategies were proposed, for instance, to adapt the code of ethics and procedures. Some potential prejudices about the interest and abilities of older staff, nurses' aides, and family caregivers to use technology were identified.ConclusionsThrough rigorous and ethical implementation, technologies supporting clinical care processes could benefit older people living in NHs, as well as their relatives and the staff.Implications for practiceVarious strategies are proposed to successfully implement technologies. Effort should be made to avoid prejudices during implementation, and procedures should be adapted to mitigate possible ethical challenges.
Sonographic features of vaccination granulomas in children with delayed‐type hypersensitivity to aluminum
Authors: Sechi Andrea , Patrizi Annalisa , Vincenzi Colombina , Savoia Francesco , Tartari Federico , Leuzzi Miriam , Di Altobrando Ambra , Besagni Francesca , Merli Yuri , Neri Iria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this article, we report the sonographic features of vaccination granulomas in three children sensitized to aluminum. Although the recognition of the vaccination granuloma relies on the clinical examination, misdiagnosis is frequent, leading to distressful procedures or prolonged antibiotic administration. In all our cases, sonography revealed a teardrop‐shaped echogenic central structure, suggesting the deposition of aluminum crystals along the route of administration with consequent subcutaneous degenerative changes, and a surrounding hypoechoic cap, which reflects the changeable inflammatory reaction and the granuloma formation.
Social network members' responses to friends' breakup false alarms
Authors: Thompson Charee M. , Romo Lynsey K. , Ben‐Israel Patience , Owens Marissa , Keita Senoumou 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSocial networks influence romantic relationships through friends' support or lack of support of the union. However, the consequences of friends repeatedly telling other friends their relationship was going to end but failing to actually terminate the relationship are unclear. Guided by the false alarm effect (FAE), and data from both student (N = 273) and noncollege (N = 226) samples, it was found that breakup false alarms were associated with increases in both positive and negative responses. In addition, when participants were friends with both partners, breakup false alarms were associated with “feeling caught” between the friends. Findings generally support the FAE and paint a complex picture of how social network members react to their close friends' tumultuous relationships.
Adverse perinatal outcomes in immigrants: A ten‐year population‐based observational study and assessment of growth charts
Authors: Choi Stephanie K. Y. , Henry Amanda , Hilder Lisa , Gordon Adrienne , Jorm Louisa , Chambers Georgina M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMaternity populations are becoming increasingly multiethnic. Conflicting findings exist regarding the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among immigrant mothers from different world regions and which growth charts are most appropriate for identifying the risk of adverse outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether infant mortality and morbidity, and the categorisation of infants as small for gestational age or large for gestational age (SGA or LGA) vary by maternal country of birth, and to assess whether the choice of growth chart alters the risk of adverse outcomes in infants categorised as SGA and LGA.MethodsA population cohort of 601 299 singleton infants born in Australia to immigrant mothers was compared with 1.7 million infants born to Australian‐born mothers, 2004‐2013. Infants were categorised as SGA and LGA according to a descriptive Australian population‐based birthweight chart (Australia‐2012 reference) and the prescriptive INTERGROWTH‐21st growth standard. Propensity score reweighting was used for the analysis.ResultsCompared to Australian‐born infants, infants of mothers from Africa, Philippines, India, other Asia countries, and the Middle East had between 15.4% and 48.1% elevated risk for stillbirth, preterm delivery, or low Apgar score. The association between SGA and LGA and perinatal mortality varied markedly by growth chart and country of birth. Notably, SGA infants from African‐born mothers had a relative risk of perinatal mortality of 6.1 (95% CI 4.3, 6.7) and 17.3 (95% CI 12.0, 25.0) by the descriptive and prescriptive charts, respectively. LGA infants born to Australian‐born mothers were associated with a 10% elevated risk of perinatal mortality by the descriptive chart compared to a 15% risk reduction by the prescriptive chart.ConclusionsCountry‐of‐birth‐specific variations are becoming increasingly important for providing ethnically appropriate and safe maternity care. Our findings highlight significant variations in risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in immigrant subgroups, and demonstrate how the choice of growth chart alters the quantification of risk associated with being born SGA or LGA.
Blood product and laboratory resource wastage in non‐severe allergic transfusion reactions: an opportunity for improvement
Authors: Kasim J. , Aldarweesh F. , Connor J. P. 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARYObjectiveTo evaluate the degree of blood product and technical resources wasted as a result of allergic transfusion reactions.BackgroundAllergic reactions are common, and most are non‐severe with rash, urticaria, or pruritus. Management includes treatment of symptoms and completion of transfusion. A quality review demonstrated that 30% of transfusion reaction work‐ups at our institution were allergic. This raised the concern of product wastage and unnecessary utilisation of laboratory resources.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of allergic reactions, including type of product implicated, volume of products transfused and discarded, the severity of reaction, the use of medications, the incidence of symptom resolution and the rate of repeat transfusion after the allergic event.ResultsOf 179 allergic reactions, non‐severe reactions were reported in 75%. Non‐severe reactions were associated with red blood cell, whereas most severe reactions were associated with platelets. Few cases had premedication; however, 83% of reactions were treated once symptoms developed, and 96% resolved. Of transfusions, 61% were stopped because of symptoms before the transfusion was completed. Of patients with non‐severe reactions and transfusions that were not completed, 36% were transfused again within 48 h, representing 16% of all allergic reactions.ConclusionAllergic reactions resulted in partial transfusion of the prescribed product in just over half of the cases reviewed. Most of these reactions were non‐severe, resolved with treatment and could have been completed, thus representing wastage of both blood products and the expense of the reaction evaluation. Educational efforts to eliminate/minimise this waste are in development.
FPGA-Based Pipelined Architecture for Real-Time Estimation of Sensitivity Maps Using Pre-Scan Method in Parallel MRI
Authors: Khan Tooba , Siddiqui Muhammad Faisal , Omer Hammad 
Published: September 2019

Parallel MRI (pMRI) is a widely used technique for increasing the MRI acquisition speed, by using multiple receiver coils with spatially discriminated sensitivities. Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) is a parallel MRI technique used for reconstructing the aliasing free images from the under-sampled MRI data using the spatial information obtained from multiple receiver coils. Precise receiver coil sensitivity estimation is critical for the correct image reconstruction from the under-sampled data in SENSE. Pre-scan method is a quick and conventionally used method for correct estimation of the receiver coil sensitivities, to be used in SENSE. In this work, an application-specific hardware implemented on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) for real-time sensitivity maps estimation using the pre-scan method is proposed. The proposed architecture has the potential to be installed on the receiver coil data acquisition system, which would provide sensitivity maps for image reconstruction, without moving the raw data to the MRI workstation. Parallelism is utilized in the proposed pipelined architecture to make it even faster. From the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed architecture estimates the sensitivity maps in only 1.466[Formula: see text]ms for eight receiver coils. Furthermore, high mean SNR (30[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dB), low root-mean-square-error ([Formula: see text]) and low artifact power ([Formula: see text]) are achieved for the under-sampled human head, cardiac and phantom data sets (acceleration factor = 2), reconstructed with SENSE algorithm utilizing the sensitivity maps estimated by the proposed architecture.
Review of the genus Pagastia Oliver (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from North America, with description of P. (P.) subletteorum sp. nov.
Authors: MAKARCHENKO EUGENYI A. 
Published: September 2019

Illustrated description of the adult male of Pagastia (P.) subletteorum sp. nov., redescription of the pupa and adult male of P. (P.) orthogonia Oliver and P. (P.) partica (Roback), with redescription of the adult male of P. (Hesperodiamesa) sequax (Garrett) from North America are provided. An emended generic diagnosis and a key to determination of adult males of all known species of Pagastia Oliver are also provided.
Association of lowering apolipoprotein B with cardiovascular outcomes across various lipid-lowering therapies: Systematic review and meta-analysis of trials
Authors: Khan Safi U , Khan Muhammad U , Valavoor Shahul , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Okunrintemi Victor , Mamas Mamas A , Leucker Thorsten M , Blaha Michael J , Michos Erin D 
Published: September 2019

Aims The effect of therapeutic lowering of apolipoprotein B (apoB) on mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events is uncertain. It is also unclear whether these potential effects vary by different lipid-lowering strategies. Methods A total of 29 randomized controlled trials were selected using PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE through 2018. We selected trials of therapies which ultimately clear apolipoprotein B particles by upregulating low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) expression (statins, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants) or therapies which reduce apolipoprotein B independent of LDL-R (cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, fibrates, niacin, omega-3 fatty acids) with sample size of ≥1000 patients and follow-up of ≥1 year. The meta-regression and meta-analyses were constructed using a random effects model. Results In 332,912 patients, meta-regression analyses showed relative risks of 0.95 for all-cause mortality (95% confidence interval 0.92–0.99) and 0.93 (0.88–0.98) for cardiovascular mortality for every 10 mg/dL decrease in apolipoprotein B by all interventions combined. Reduction in all-cause mortality was limited to statins (0.92 (0.86–0.98)). For MACE, the relative risk per 10 mg/dL reduction in apolipoprotein B was 0.93 (0.90–0.97) for all therapies combined, with both statin (0.88 (0.83–0.93)) and non-statin therapies (0.96 (0.94–0.99)). which clear apolipoprotein B by upregulating LDL-R showing significant reductions; whereas interventions which lower apolipoprotein B independent of LDL-R did not demonstrate this effect (1.02 (0.81–1.30)). Conclusion While both statin and established non-statin therapies (PCSK9 inhibitor and ezetimibe) reduced cardiovascular risk per decrease in apolipoprotein B, interventions which reduce apolipoprotein B independently of LDL-R were not associated with cardiovascular benefit.
The effect of halloysite nanotubes dispersions on vegetable-tanned leather thermal stability
Authors: Badea Elena , Carşote Cristina , Hadîmbu Emanuel , Șendrea Claudiu , Lupaș Maria-Cristina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Leather artefacts in historical collections and old leather bookbindings in archives and libraries frequently show a variety of visible changes which alter their appearance and ability to be used, such as powdery surface, weakened structure, complete or partial loss of the grain layer. However, historical leather stabilization and consolidation yet represent a challenging problem for conservators due to the sensitivity of collagen to the action of most of the conservation and restoration formulations currently used. In this paper we report our recent research concerning the development of halloysite nanoparticles dispersions for enhancing the hydrothermal stability of weakened historical vegetable tanned leather. The effects of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) dispersed in various aqueous and non-aqueous mediums on the thermal stability of collagen in historical leather were tested using thermal microscopy, thermogravimetry and micro differential scanning calorimetry. Unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance was used to evaluate the changes in water dynamics due to collagen matrix interaction with dispersion media. The treated samples were also characterized using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The analytical assessment confirmed the leather thermal stability increase and a partial recovery of fibres cohesion, thus validating the use of HNT dispersions as a basic tool for the preservation of collagen-based materials. Further functionalisation and encapsulation using antimicrobials, fungicides and pH adjustment nanoparticles will deliver novel and more durable HNTs-based conservation treatments.
The effect of surgical approach on early complications of total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Tay Kenny , Tang Andrew , Fary Camdon , Patten Sam , Steele Robert , de Steiger Richard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is traditionally associated with a low complication rate, with complications such as infection, fracture and dislocation requiring readmission or reoperation. We seek to identify the complication rate among the anterior, direct lateral and posterior surgical approaches.

Methods
We reviewed all THAs performed at the Epworth Healthcare from 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2016. There were 2437 THAs performed by a variety of approaches. No hips were excluded from this study.
We surveyed the hospital database and the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) to identify those patients who had been readmitted and/or reoperated on. Details collected included age, gender, laterality of the surgery (left/right/bilateral), surgical approach utilised, complications which occurred.

Results
There were 29 peri-prosthetic fractures detected (13 anterior, 9 lateral, 7 posterior) and 10 underwent revision of implant, 19 were fixed. The increased rate of revision in the anterior group was statistically significant.
There were 14 dislocations (5 anterior, 1 lateral, 8 posterior) of which 8 prostheses were revised.
Three cases operated via the anterior approach and 1 by the lateral had early subsidence without fracture, necessitating revision of the femoral prostheses.
Operative site infection occurred in 12 cases (2 anterior, 4 lateral, 6 posterior) with 6 requiring revision of implants.

Conclusion
The complication rates between the 3 main approaches are similar, but individual surgeons should be vigilant for complications unique to their surgical approaches, such as femoral fractures in the anterior approach and dislocations in the posterior approach.