bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solutions of vectorial Hamilton–Jacobi equations are rank-one absolute minimisers in
L
∞
L^{\infty}
Authors: Katzourakis Nikos 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Given the supremal functional

E
∞

⁢

(
u
,

Ω
′

)

=

ess

⁢
sup

Ω
′

⁡
H

⁢

(
⋅
,

D
⁢
u

)

{E_{\infty}(u,\Omega^{\prime})=\operatornamewithlimits{ess\,sup}_{\Omega^{%
\prime}}H(\,\cdot\,,\mathrm{D}u)}

, defined on

W
loc

1
,
∞

⁢

(
Ω
,

ℝ
N

)

{W^{1,\infty}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\Omega,\mathbb{R}^{N})}

, with

Ω
′

⋐
Ω
⊆

ℝ
n

{\Omega^{\prime}\Subset\Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{n}}

, we identify a class of vectorial rank-one absolute minimisers by proving a statement slightly stronger than the next claim: vectorial solutions of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation

H
⁢

(
⋅
,

D
⁢
u

)

=
c

{H(\,\cdot\,,\mathrm{D}u)=c}

are rank-one absolute minimisers if they are

C
1

{C^{1}}

.
Our minimality notion is a generalisation of the classical

L
∞

{L^{\infty}}

variational principle of Aronsson to the vector case, and emerged in earlier work of the author. The assumptions are minimal, requiring only continuity and rank-one convexity of the level sets.
Road projections as a new and intuitively understandable human-machine interface
Authors: Budanow Marina , Neumann Cornelius 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Various sensors in nowadays cars are already used to assist the driver or to inform him through several display technologies. However, some information cannot properly be displayed through conventional systems. This article shows the development of an assistance system through projections on the road beginning from human perception and interpretation of different symbols. The results of a simulator study are displayed, where test subjects had to state how they intended to react when seeing certain symbols on the road and how they interpreted these signs. As most promising symbols for all possible actions, two parallel lines were used in a further dynamic field study. The outcome of this study is presented and discussed. Having additional information about the car width displayed on the road, drivers managed challenging situations better without being distracted. Projections on the road showed a big potential of being used in broad traffic as assistance systems.
Explaining Electoral Change in the 2018 US Midterm Elections: The Three Components of Electoral Mandates
Authors: Campbell James E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhy did the American electorate elect a solid majority of Republicans to the House in 2016 and then 2 years later replace it with a solid majority of Democrats? This article revives the idea of an electoral mandate and applies it to the 2016 and 2018 elections. It proposes a trinity of partisan attitudes serving as the components of electoral mandates: performance, values, and leadership. The election of President Trump in 2016 depended on a mix of performance evaluations (a weak economy) favoring the Republicans and leadership evaluations (Trump’s behavior difficulties) muted by value considerations (conservative anger at being unrepresented and the necessity of a choice between Trump and Clinton). These offsetting partisan attitudes made the election close enough that a small number of votes in key states decided the electoral vote outcome. In 2018, performance evaluations again favored Republicans, but now because they presided over a stronger economy. Evaluations of Trump’s leadership remained negative. The interaction of values with these leadership assessments now favored Democrats. As the out-party, polarized liberals were motivated by anti-Trump anger. Never-Trump conservatives who had drifted back to vote Republican at the end of the 2016 campaign did not feel that same pressure without the presidency being at stake. About two-thirds of voters in 2018 said their vote was about Trump. Republicans lost to Democrats among these voters by 16 percentage points. Republicans delivered on their 2016 mandate to boost the economy, but had failed to provide leadership that many Americans could feel comfortable with.
Controllable biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using actinobacterial strains
Authors: Wypij Magdalena , Świecimska Magdalena , Dahm Hanna , Rai Mahendra , Golinska Patrycja 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We report the effect of various parameters, namely substrate concentration, time, pH and temperature, on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using the extract of actinobacterial strains, which were isolated from the sediments of Lonar Crater Lake in India. It was found that the formation of AgNPs and its morphology depended on synthesis conditions. Visual observation of the reaction mixture, ultraviolet-vis spectroscopic analysis and mass of synthesized AgNPs indicated that 25°C, pH 7 and 3 days of incubation time were optimal for its efficient synthesis. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed aggregation and irregular shape of AgNPs both at acidic pH and below 25°C. It was found that alkaline pH and temperature higher than optimal fostered the formation of nanoparticle aggregates. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the efficiency of biological synthesis by using actinobacteria as well as the size and shape of fabricated nanoparticles can be manipulated by controlled conditions of synthesis process. The use of desired nanoparticles increases its potential for medical applications.
Analysis of pH dose-dependent growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria
Authors: Kushkevych Ivan , Dordević Dani , Vítězová Monika 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Lower intraluminal colonic pH is an indication for the development of inflammatory bowel disease including active ulcerative colitis. Involvement of intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria in decreasing bowel pH by the production of H2S and acetate as well as their sensitivity has never been reported before. The study of the relative pH and survival of Desulfovibrio piger Vib-7 by monitoring sulfate reduction parameters was the aim of this work. Monitoring was done through the measurement of bacterial growth (biomass), dissimilatory sulfate reduction parameters: sulfate consumption, lactate oxidation, hydrogen sulfide and acetate production. According to our results, we observed that lower pH (<5) significantly inhibited D. piger Vib-7 growth. This inhibition was also noticed when alkaline media (>9 pH) was used, though the reduction was not at the rate as in media with pH of 4. The research indicates that the growth of D. piger Vib-7 is inhibited at pH of 4 which is not as low as the pH found in people with severely developed inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Certainly the interaction (synergistic effect) between both hydrogen sulfide and acetate accumulation can also play an important etiological role in the development of bowel inflammation in humans and animals.
First integrals and exact solutions of some compartmental disease models
Authors: Haq Burhan Ul , Naeem Imran 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The notions of artificial Hamiltonian (partial Hamiltonian) and partial Hamiltonian operators are used to derive the first integrals for the first order systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in epidemiology, which need not be derived from standard Hamiltonian approaches. We show that every system of first order ODEs can be cast into artificial Hamiltonian system

q
˙

=

∂
H

∂
p

$\dot{q}=\frac{{\partial H}}{{\partial p}}$

,

p
˙

=

−

∂
H

∂
q

+

Γ

(
t
,
q
,
p
)

$\dot{p}=-\frac{{\partial H}}{{\partial q}}+\Gamma(t,\;q,\;p)$

(see [1]). Moreover, the second order equations and the system of second order ODEs can be written in the form of artificial Hamiltonian system. Then, the partial Hamiltonian approach is employed to derive the first integrals for systems under consideration. These first integrals are then utilized to find the exact solutions of models from the epidemiology for a distinct class of population. For physical insights, the solution curves of the closed-form expressions obtained are interpreted in order for readers understand the disease dynamics in a much deeper way. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the prognosis of the disease are observed and discussed briefly.
Advances in Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring and Laboratory Corrosion Measurements
Authors: Papavinasam Sankara , Rebak Raul B. , Yang Lietai , Berke Neal S. 
Published: February 2019

Description
You’ll get 20 peer-reviewed papers on recent advances in electrochemical techniques to monitor and measure corrosion both in the field and in the laboratory. The papers were presented at a symposium sponsored by ASTM International Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals that took place in November 2017.
Corrosion experts from Argentina, China, Canada, India, Italy, and the United States came together at the two-day symposium to celebrate the legacy of corrosion expert, longtime G01 member, and former chairman of the ASTM Board of Directors Dr. Robert Baboian and present papers on new state-of-the-art techniques.
Topics include
Different Inhibitory Interneuron Cell Classes Make Distinct Contributions to Visual Contrast Perception
Authors: Cone Jackson J. , Scantlen Megan D. , Histed Mark H. , Maunsell John H. R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhile recent work has revealed how different inhibitory interneurons influence responses of cortical neurons to sensory stimuli, little is known about their distinct contributions to sensory perception. Here, we optogenetically activated different genetically defined interneurons [parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)] in visual cortex (V1) of mice working at threshold in a contrast increment detection task. The visual stimulus was paired with optogenetic stimulation to assess how enhancing V1 inhibitory neuron activity during visual processing altered task performance. PV or SST activation impaired, while VIP stimulation improved, contrast increment detection. The impairment produced by PV or SST activation persisted over several weeks of testing. In contrast, mice learned to reliably detect VIP activation in the absence of any natural visual stimulus. Thus, different inhibitory signals make distinct contributions to visual contrast perception.
LDB1 Is Required for the Early Development of the Dorsal Telencephalon and the Thalamus
Authors: Kinare Veena , Pal Suranjana , Tole Shubha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLIM domain binding protein 1 (LDB1) is a protein cofactor that participates in several multiprotein complexes with transcription factors that regulate mouse forebrain development. SinceLdb1null mutants display early embryonic lethality, we used a conditional knockout strategy to examine the role of LDB1 in early forebrain development using multiple Cre lines. Loss ofLdb1from E8.75 using Foxg1Cre caused a disruption of midline boundary structures in the dorsal telencephalon. While this Cre line gave the expected pattern of recombination of the floxedLdb1locus, unexpectedly, standard Cre lines that act from embryonic day (E)10.5 (Emx1Cre) and E11.5 (NesCre) did not show efficient or complete recombination in the dorsal telencephalon by E12.5. Intriguingly, this effect was specific to theLdb1floxed allele, since three other lines including floxed Ai9 and mTmG reporters, and a floxedLhx2line, each displayed the expected spatial patterns of recombination. Furthermore, the incomplete recombination of the floxedLdb1locus using NesCre was limited to the dorsal telencephalon, while the ventral telencephalon and the diencephalon displayed the expected loss ofLdb1. This permitted us to examine the requirement for LDB1 in the development of the thalamus in a context wherein the cortex continued to expressLdb1. We report that the somatosensory VB nucleus is profoundly shrunken upon loss of LDB1. Our findings highlight the unusual nature of theLdb1locus in terms of recombination efficiency, and also report a novel role for LDB1 during the development of the thalamus.
High-Density Linkage Map and QTLs for Growth in Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus)
Authors: Ashton David T , Ritchie Peter A , Wellenreuther Maren 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Characterizing the genetic variation underlying phenotypic traits is a central objective in biological research. This research has been hampered in the past by the limited genomic resources available for most non-model species. However, recent advances in sequencing technologies and related genotyping methods are rapidly changing this. Here we report the use of genome-wide SNP data from the ecologically and commercially important marine fish species Chrysophrys auratus (snapper) to 1) construct the first linkage map for this species, 2) scan for growth QTL, and 3) search for putative candidate genes in the surrounding QTL regions. The newly constructed linkage map contained ∼11K SNP markers and is one of the densest maps to date in the fish family Sparidae. Comparisons with genome scaffolds of the recently assembled snapper genome indicated that marker placement was mostly consistent between the scaffolds and linkage map (R = 0.7), but that at fine scales (&lt; 5 cM) some precision limitations occurred. Of the 24 linkage groups, which likely reflect the 24 chromosomes of this species, three were found to contain QTL with genome-wide significance for growth-related traits. A scan of 13 candidate growth genes located the growth hormone, myogenin, and parvalbumin genes within 5.3, 9.6, and 25.0 cM of these QTL, respectively. The linkage map and QTL found in this study will advance the investigation of genome structure and aquaculture breeding efforts in this and related species.
MnFeTiOx/attapulgite catalysts with excellent potassium resistance for SCR of NOx with NH3 at low temperatures
Authors: Tang Yiran , Tao Yiyang , Wu Jiayi , Xu Linjing , Huang Xiaoyan , Zhou Xingmeng , Xie Aijuan , Luo Shiping , Yao Chao , Li Xiazhang 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Neonatal meconium aspiration: risk factors and adaptation by the newborns
Authors: Bogomazova I. M. , Strizhakov A. N. , Ignatko I. V. , Belousova V. S. , Timokhina E. V. , Pitskhelauri E. G. , Kardanova M. A. , Spiridonova N. V. 
Published: February 2019

Aim: to identify the risk factors of meconium aspiration and study its impact on neonatal adaptation.Materials and methods. Medical records of 44 women and their infants were studied.Results. In 85 % of cases, the diagnosis of complicated pregnancy was made, in 100 % cases – there was a complicated delivery; 100 % of newborns were put on mechanical ventilation, 95 % of them were diagnosed with cerebral depression syndrome, and 72.5 % – with aspiration pneumonia. Conclusion. A differentiated approach to the management of pregnancy and labor will reduce perinatal morbidity.
The relationships between pregnancy-associated protein A levels, placental localization and fetal birth weight
Authors: Güler A. E. , Atasever M. , Fidan U. , Artürk E. , Kinci M. F. , Bodur S. 
Published: February 2019

Aim. This study was designed to determine the relationship between pregnancy-associated protein A (PAPP-A), placenta localization and fetal birth weight (FBW).Materials and methods. First trimester PAPP-A levels, second trimester placental localization and birth weights of 1145 infants were obtained through a retrospective review of the patient follow up charts in Koru Hospital. Serum PAPP-A levels were recorded as the multiple of median (MоM) values, the FBW values of infants were recorded in grams, and the placental localization was recorded under seven different pre-defined categories: 1. placenta anterior; 2. placenta posterior; 3. placenta fundal; 4. placenta fundal-anterior; 5. placenta fundal-posterior; 6. placenta lateral-right; 7. placenta lateral-left. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).Results.There was no significant difference between the FBW and PAPP-A levels. The comparison of seven placental localizations shows that the anterior and posterior localizations have an impact on FBW of the infants.Conclusion. The FBW was highest in the cases where the placenta was located in the corpus uteri. We believe this finding is consistent with the fact that the corpus uteri receives the largest blood supply.
Analysis of obstetric «near miss» cases in the Ryazan region
Authors: Мamontova I. K. , Shevlyakovа T. V. , Petrova E. I. 
Published: February 2019

Although maternal mortality cases in Russia have become rare, the problem of their prevention remains relevant. To enforce the preventive measures, an analysis of critical conditions and «near miss» cases in obstetrics is commonly used. As a result, the quality of medical care in obstetric institutions improves. Aim: to assess the character and incidence of critical situations in obstetrics practice over the Ryazan region in 2015-2017 and to analyze the failures in medical care that led to such situations. Materials and methods. We analyzed 46 «near miss» cases and 1 case of maternal death recorded in the Ryazan region in 2015-2017. Results. The leading cause of critical conditions in obstetrics found in the Ryazan region was hemorrhage following an emergency caesarean section delivery. In most cases, bleeding was caused by pregnancy complications, although extragenital conditions also contributed to the development of the «near miss» situations. The main indication for emergency delivery was the premature detachment of a normally located placenta; in the normal term delivery, it was an inconsistent uterine scar after cesarean section and the accompanying pathology, such as placenta accreta. Conclusion. Considering the «near miss» cases as a separate group of obstetrics conditions contributes to the prevention of maternal mortality and improves the healthcare standards in obstetric institutions.
Preterm birth: from understanding of pathogenesis to pregnancy management
Authors: Belousova V. S. , Strizhakov A. N. , Timokhina E. V. , Svitich O. A. , Bogomazova I. M. , Pitskhelauri E. G. 
Published: February 2019

Preterm birth is an important issue in the current obstetrics as it is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. Today, most studies are aimed at understanding of the pathogenesis of preterm delivery. The known data on cytokine gene polymorphism indicate that in women with preterm birth, the presence of pro-inflammatory dominant alleles is typical. This may lead to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the utero-placental complex and may also initiate preterm delivery. At present, studies are under way to identify genes that determine the duration of the gestation period. A better understanding of the preterm birth pathogenesis is expected to help prevent this unfortunate outcome and decrease perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy: why surgeon teachers must learn and train residents
Authors: Valecha Shalini Mahana , . Pandeeswari , Bashani Dolly , Syed Saman 
Published: February 2019

Background: The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for hysterectomy and elaborate our experience.Methods: Between September 2017 and April 2018, 15 patients who were counselled for and opted for total laparoscopic hysterectomy our hospital enrolled in this study. Surgeons used a four-port system with, one 10mm and three 5-mm trocars. All surgical procedures were performed with 30°, 10-mm laparoscope and conventional laparoscopic instruments including monopolar and bipolar cautery system and the LigaSure system. Patient’s history, clinical findings and surgical outcomes were prospectively tabulated, evaluated and analyzed.Results: Out of 15 patients under the study with age range of 40-55years, only 2 patients had hypertension and diabetes mellitus and 2 had anaemia. All 15 patients underwent conventional laparoscopic surgery. Operative time was in a range of 6O–240 min. There were no intra operative complications in 6 patients (40%) and no post op complications in 11 women (73%).Conclusions: The results from our 15 women show that, in experienced hands, laparoscopic hysterectomy is not associated with any increase in major complication rates.
Preventable gynecological surgeries in hysterectomized women : a review of causes and measures of prevention
Authors: Anant Monika 
Published: February 2019

Background: Hysterectomy, the most common gynaecologic surgery performed around the world. however, repeat gynaecologic intervention / surgery may be required for some conditions, adding cost and morbidity for patients and posing a burden on healthcare systems. The objective of the present study was to find out the incidence of and types of surgical intervention required post hysterectomy.Methods: A retrospective analysis of hospital records was done for gynecologic operative procedures done in post hysterectomy patients 2014-2016.Results: Out of a total of 1028 in the year 2014-2016 in our centre, 75 (7.3%) surgeries were performed for benign conditions in hysterectomized women. Hydrosalpinx(29%) was most common condition for surgery, followed by endometriosis(24%) with 31-40 years age group women undergoing the maximum surgeries. Vault prolapse(16%) in elderly and vaginal vault granulation(16%) in younger women also underwent a repeat gynecological procedure post hysterectomy.Conclusions: Some measures can be taken during the primary surgery(hysterectomy) to prevent a repeat gynaecological surgery in these women. Concurrent salpingectomy can prevent benign and malignant fallopian tube lesions and ovarian cancer . Endometriosis surgery should be precise to prevent any remnant ovarian or endometriotic foci. McCall’s culdoplasty in primary hysterectomy is proven to prevent vaginal vault prolapse. Most genitourinary fistulas can be prevented by detailed knowledge of pelvic anatomy, preoperative risk stratification of patients at higher risk of ureteric and urinary bladder injuries, meticulous surgical technique and judicious use of electrosurgical energy. Prevention is always better than a repeat surgery.
A comparative study of maternal and fetal outcome in trial of labour after caesarean delivery and elective repeat caesarean delivery
Authors: Neravi Asha , Kulkarni Namrata , Brindhini M. Usha , Udayashree V. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Globally, high rates of caesarean section (CS) are an issue of public health concern. For women who have had a previous caesarean, choices for mode of birth in their next pregnancy are either a trial of vaginal birth after caesarean (TOLAC) or an elective repeat caesarean delivery (ERCD). Both ERCD and TOLAC have benefits and risks associated.Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at SDM college of medical science and hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. The study included 80 women with one previous lower segment caesarean section over a period of 1 year. A 40 women underwent TOLAC and 40 women had a repeat caesarean section. The maternal and fetal outcomes in trial of labour after caesarean delivery and repeat caesarean delivery were compared.Results: In this study maternal morbidity was more common in ERCD group than in the TOLAC group. Neonatal outcome was the same in both the study groups. Conclusions: In our study the TOLAC success rate was 70-80%, pregnant woman with one previous lower segment Caesarean section should be given the option of TOLAC, unless contraindicated.