bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between antiphospholipid antibodies and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage risk in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: González-Treviño Mariana , Figueroa-Parra Gabriel , Yang Jeffrey X , Prokop Larry J , Gamal Sherif M , García Mercedes A , James Judith A , Knight Jason S , Murad M Hassan , Narvaez Javier , Pons-Estel Bernardo A , Quintana Rosana M , Specks Ulrich , Yang Xuwei , Duarte-García Alí 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess the association of aPL and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) in patients with SLE by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
Multiple databases were systematically searched from inception to February 2024. Studies were eligible if they included patients with SLE (population), reported aPL status (exposure), and DAH (outcome). We pooled the estimates as odds ratio (OR) using fixed-effect models. We examined the association between aPL and DAH, as well as associations based on aPL subtypes or concomitant APS.

Results
Out of 454 screened studies, nine were included in meta-analysis, encompassing 7746 patients with SLE, of whom 2016 (26.0%) were aPL-positive and 163 (2.1%) had DAH. Patients with SLE and positive aPL (any) were more likely to develop DAH than aPL-negative patients (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.24–2.49; I2 = 0%). Patients with SLE and positive LA (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.06–2.93, I2 = 35%) or positive anticardiolipin IgG (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.13–2.34, I2 = 0%) had a higher likelihood of developing DAH compared with patients that were negative for these aPL. An APS diagnosis was associated with a 2.5-fold increased likelihood of DAH compared with subjects without APS (OR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.23–4.92, I2 = 0%). Positivity of anti-β2 glycoprotein I IgG was not significantly associated with DAH among patients with SLE (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.45–1.36, I2 = 0%).

Conclusion
In patients with SLE, aPL positivity increases the risk of DAH compared with aPL-negative patients, particularly in those positive for LA and anticardiolipin IgG.
Strip grazing stockpiled annual forages: impact on carrying capacity and cattle performance
Authors: Davies-Jenkins Shelby L , Jakub Devin A , Sartin Abigail M , Carlson Zac E , Drewnoski Mary E 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Strip grazing can increase forage utilization, though it has been shown to decrease individual animal performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate forage utilization and cattle performance when strip grazing (STRIP) vs. continuously grazing (CONT) stockpiled annual forages. Experiment 1 consisted of a mix of Jerry oats (Avena sativa) and Trophy rapeseed (Brassica napus) while experiment 2 was a 17-species mix in which the forage mass was predominantly pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), German millet (Setaria italica), and browntop millet (Urochloa ramosa). Fields were divided into six 6.3-ha (experiment 1) or 4.1-ha (experiment 2) paddocks which were blocked by location. Treatment was randomly assigned within block (n = 3 replicates per treatment per experiment). Grazing was initiated in November and terminated in February. This resulted in a total of 83 and 54 grazing days for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Forage was allocated to STRIP twice a week. The STRIP steers gained 16% less (P = 0.01) per day in experiment 1, but in experiment 2, there was no difference (P = 0.56) between treatments. Compared to CONT, the carrying capacity (AUM/ha) of STRIP was increased (P = 0.03) by 81% in experiment 1 and tended to increase (P = 0.10) in experiment 2. Gain per hectare increased (P = 0.02) for STRIP by 56% in experiment 1 and by 31% in experiment 2. Strip grazing stockpiled annual forages can be an effective way to increase carrying capacity and gain per hectare during the fall and winter months but effects on individual animal performance are inconsistent. Disparities in response to strip grazing could stem from differences in forage quality and allocation. Further research is needed to refine and optimize the utilization of this management approach.
Shaping the future of AI: balancing innovation and ethics in global regulation
Authors: Kashefi Pouya , Kashefi Yasaman , Ghafouri Mirsaraei AmirHossein 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, examining the diverse approaches adopted across different global regions and the multifaceted ethical challenges presented by rapid AI advancements. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is explored as a benchmark for data protection and privacy in AI, contrasted with the USA’s more decentralized and sector-specific approach and the varied strategies of Asian countries like China and Japan that blend State-led direction with market-driven innovation. Key ethical challenges in AI are discussed, including bias and discrimination in AI systems, the complexities of AI algorithms leading to a ‘black box’ phenomenon, and the crucial need for accountability and transparency in AI operations. The article also delves into the role of international bodies and forums in shaping AI regulations and emphasizes the importance of multi-stakeholder involvement, including academia, industry, and civil society, in developing effective AI policies. The article proposes detailed recommendations for achieving harmonized international AI regulations. It advocates for the integration of ethical considerations into AI development, the adoption of flexible and adaptive regulatory frameworks, and the promotion of multi-stakeholder engagement. Enhancing AI literacy and public engagement and facilitating international cooperation on AI are also highlighted as crucial steps. The article concludes by underscoring the critical role of policy-makers and international bodies in guiding AI development to ensure it progresses in a way that maximizes societal benefits, mitigates risks, and addresses ethical considerations comprehensively.
Cardiomyocyte‐derived exosomes promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and neonatal heart regeneration
Authors: Gu Jielei , Chen Xuke , Luo Zhenyu , Li Rongxue , Xu Qiong , Liu Mingke , Liu Xiaolin , Liu Yajing , Jiang Siqin , Zou Min , Ling Sisi , Liu Shiming , Liu Ningning 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHeart regeneration was mainly achieved by intrinsic capacity. Exosomes are crucial in cardiovascular disease, yet their involvement in myocardial regeneration remains underexplored. To understand the role of cardiomyocyte‐derived exosomes (CM‐Exos) in heart regeneration. We established mouse models of myocardial infarction and apical resection in neonates to investigate the potential benefits of exosomes in response to injury. Rab27a knockout (KO) mice were constructed as an exosome decrease model. Distinct fibrosis appears in the infarcted and resection area in the KO mice 21 days after heart injury. The proliferation marker pH 3, Ki67, and Aurora B were detected 3 days after surgery, which decreased in KO mice compared to WT mice. Intravenous injection of CM‐Exos increased cardiomyocyte proliferation and partially restored heart function in KO mice. Rab27a knockdown in vitro reduced the expression of pH 3, Ki67, and Aurora B positive cardiomyocytes. However, the supplementation of CM‐Exos increased the proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Exosomal miRNA sequencing was subsequently applied, and miR‐21‐5p was a promising candidate that promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation through its target genes Spry‐1 and PDCD4. Intravenous injection of miR‐21‐5p exhibited similar proliferative effects as CM‐Exos. Our results indicate that CM‐Exos promotes cardiomyocyte cycle reentry by delivering miR‐21‐5p, highlighting the endogenous factors of myocardial regeneration.
EP152R‐mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to African swine fever virus infection via the PERK‐eIF2α pathway
Authors: Liang Rui , Fu Yanan , Li Guosheng , Shen Zhou , Guo Fenglin , Shi Jiale , Guo Yilin , Zhang Ding , Wang Zixuan , Chen Chener , Shi Yuejun , Peng Guiqing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large, icosahedral, double‐stranded DNA virus in the Asfarviridae family and the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF). ASFV causes a hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in domestic and wild pigs. ASFV contains an open reading frame named EP152R, previous research has shown that EP152R is an essential gene for virus rescue in swine macrophages. However, the detailed functions of ASFV EP152R remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that EP152R, a membrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), induces ER stress and swelling, triggering the PERK/eIF2α pathway, and broadly inhibiting host protein synthesis in vitro. Additionally, EP152R strongly promotes immune evasion, reduces cell proliferation, and alters cellular metabolism. These results suggest that ASFV EP152R plays a critical role in the intracellular environment, facilitating viral replication. Furthermore, virus‐level experiments have shown that the knockdown of EP152R or PERK inhibitors efficiently affects viral replication by decreasing viral gene expression. In summary, these findings reveal a series of novel functions of ASFV EP152R and have important implications for understanding host‐pathogen interactions.
LAG‐3—An incompletely understood target in cancer therapy
Authors: Leitner Judith , Aigner‐Radakovics Katharina , Steinberger Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLAG‐3 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on activated T cells, but also on other immune cells. It has significant homology to CD4. Both molecules have four extracellular Ig‐like domains with similar structural motifs but the sequence identity between LAG‐3 and CD4 is low. Furthermore, unlike CD4 LAG‐3 restrains T cell responses and antibodies targeting this receptor are emerging drugs in cancer immunotherapy. A combination of LAG‐3 and PD‐1 antibodies has already been approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Despite this success, its biology is still not well understood. Here we summarize the current knowledge on expression, ligands, and function of LAG‐3. We point to the differences between LAG‐3 and other inhibitory immune checkpoints and describe obstacles to study the role of this receptor in T cell activation processes. Finally, we discuss future directions for scientific efforts to come to a more complete understanding of the biology of this eminent immune checkpoint.
Recommendations for the Design and Implementation of Alcohol Pharmacotherapy Trials: Perspectives of Women With HIV Participating in the WHAT-IF Study
Authors: Fisk-Hoffman Rebecca J. , Ranger Sashaun , Gracy Abigail , Siuluta Nanyangwe , Parisi Christina E. , Payton Isaac , Cook Robert L. , Canidate Shantrel 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Naltrexone for alcohol reduction has been poorly studied in women with HIV (WWH), for whom heavy alcohol use is associated with negative HIV outcomes. This study offers recommendations for researchers conducting alcohol pharmacotherapy trials among PWH as suggested by WWH who participated in an alcohol pharmacotherapy trial in Florida.

Methods
The WHAT-IF? Study enrolled WWH with a history of heavy alcohol use in Miami, Florida, into a clinical trial where participants were randomized to receive naltrexone or placebo to assess effectiveness among WWH. Twenty participants (mean age, 49 years; 85% Black/African American) completed interviews that included questions about barriers to participation and recommendations for future researchers and WWH. Interviews were analyzed using a reflexive thematic approach.

Results
We identified six recommendations: 1) increasing opportunities for study engagement, 2) fostering positive relationships to support change, 3) addressing medication concerns, 4) considering structural barriers to participation, 5) improving alcohol-related education, and 6) preventing fraudulent participation. Positive relationships included both study staff and external support. Medication concerns included cost, accessibility, and adherence. Structural barriers included transportation, substance use, and mental health conditions. Better education included information on the risks of alcohol use and encouraging women to quit. Overall, women reported having positive experiences in the WHAT-IF? trial, and many recommended that the study continue.

Conclusion
Future alcohol pharmacotherapy studies could consider these recommendations when working with women from underserved communities, including WWH. Additionally, these recommendations could be applied to increase alcohol pharmacotherapy uptake and adherence in clinical practice.
The Associations of Kratom (Mitragynine), Opioids, Other Substances, and Sociodemographic Variables to Drug Intoxication–related Mortality
Authors: Suriaga Armiel A. , Tappen Ruth M. , McCurdy Christopher R. , Newman David , Grundmann Oliver , Kelly John F. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
The US age-adjusted drug overdose rate increased by 298%, with fentanyl being the main contributor to drug overdose deaths. The contribution of kratom to drug overdoses or intoxication is seldom reported despite its increasing use and detection among overdose decedents.

Methods
Our cross-sectional study utilized deidentified data from the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, 2020–2021 (N = 30,845). The medical examiners ascertained the exposures of interest (kratom, opioids, and other substances) and the outcome variable of drug intoxication–related mortality (DIRM) through autopsies and toxicology results. DIRM refers to any death from a substance identified as drug toxicity or intoxication. We used regression modeling to examine the association of exposure with DIRM.

Results
Five hundred fifty-one cases were confirmed kratom (mitragynine) exposures. More males died of DIRM (81.5%), primarily White (95.1%) and 35–44 years old (40.5%). Among mitragynine exposures, 484 (87.8%) died of DIRM; 36 decedents (6.5%) used kratom as the sole substance, and 515 (93%) used multiple substances; 437 (79.3%) used at least 1 opioid. The odds of dying of DIRM were 7.6 times higher among those mitragynine exposed compared with non–mitragynine exposed (univariate model) and 5.6 times higher after adjusting for confounders (multivariate model) (adjusted odds ratio = 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 4.1–7; P < 0.001). Opioid use increased the odds of dying of DIRM (adjusted odds ratio = 11.7; 95% confidence interval, 10.9–12.7; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results indicate that dozens of decedents died of kratom (mitragynine) exposures alone, which has safety implications. Co-using opioids with kratom further increased the odds of dying of DIRM, indicating that kratom may not always work as a harm-reduction agent.
Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (2024 edition)
Authors:   Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Professional Group, Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Professional Group of the Society of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Medical Association formulated the first edition of the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (referred to as the Guidelines) in 2005. The 2024 edition of the Guidelines has been compiled by updating the 2021 fifth edition, incorporating the latest research advancements in antiviral therapy, comprehensive management, opportunistic infections, concurrent tumors, and the prevention and intervention of HIV infection. The new edition also introduces a new section on “Incomplete immune reconstitution”, proposes the concept of “HIV vulnerable populations” for the first time with recommendations for their diagnosis and treatment. This edition of the Guidelines covers 14 sections: epidemiology, pathogenic characteristics, laboratory tests, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and staging, diagnostic criteria, common opportunistic infections, antiretroviral therapy, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, incomplete immune reconstitution, AIDS-related neoplasms, prevention of mother-to-child transmission and conception in serodiscordant couples, pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, and whole-course management of HIV infection. This edition of the Guidelines aims to assist clinical physicians in making informed decisions in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of HIV/AIDS and will be periodically revised and updated based on domestic and international research progress.
Unearthing Culture to Support Health Promotion
Authors: Johanson Linda S. , Claypool Carol 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT:
This ethnographical qualitative study focused on health perceptions and practices of rural Guatemalan women. Researchers gathered data through interviews and observations in health, school, and village settings. Three themes emerged in data analysis: health practices are related to the situation of poverty; knowledge gaps exist related to healthcare; and natural remedies are a prevalent practice in rural communities. The findings can help structure sustainable health programs not only for rural Guatemalan communities but where poverty and/or lack of knowledge influence health, as well as point to the importance of nurses practicing cultural humility and providing collaborative care.
Densitometry Changes After Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking With Riboflavin and UVA Light in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Peskina Marina , Kaufman Dan Arreaza , O'Brien Connor , Miele Andrew , Lym Claire , Kruh Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine if quantitative changes in corneal densitometry, pachymetry, and age at the time of corneal cross-linking (CXL) correlate with CXL effectiveness.

Methods:
Electronic medical records of 148 eyes of patients who had CXL done at Vision NYC between 10/2016 and 03/2021 were analyzed. Data collected from preprocedure visit, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months of follow-ups. A change in maximal keratometry from preprocedure visit to 18 months after CXL was used as a measure of CXL effectiveness. Age, preprocedure pachymetry, change in densitometry, and pachymetry from preprocedure values at each visit were checked for correlation with CXL effectiveness.

Results:
Age of CXL did not correlate with CXL effectiveness. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between initial pachymetry and final change in keratometry. We found a moderate positive correlation of densitometry change in superficial central and paracentral zones at 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months with CXL effectiveness. Change in densitometry in central central zone at 3 and 6 months and posterior central and paracentral zones at 3 months also positively correlated with CXL effectiveness.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates the natural history of densitometry, pachymetry, and keratometry values in patients with keratoconus after CXL. We also demonstrated a correlation between change in densitometry and CXL effectiveness with stronger correlation in more central and superficial corneal zones. Our data suggest that CXL may lead to a greater flattening of the cornea in patients with more advanced keratoconus.
Advances in the mathematical modeling of posttreatment control of HIV-1
Authors: Vemparala Bharadwaj , Guedj Jérémie , Dixit Narendra M. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Several new intervention strategies have shown significant improvements over antiretroviral therapy (ART) in eliciting lasting posttreatment control (PTC) of HIV-1. Advances in mathematical modelling have offered mechanistic insights into PTC and the workings of these interventions. We review these advances.

Recent findings
Broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb)–based therapies have shown large increases over ART in the frequency and the duration of PTC elicited. Early viral dynamics models of PTC with ART have been advanced to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, including the role of CD8+ T cells. These models characterize PTC as an alternative set-point, with low viral load, and predict routes to achieving it. Large-scale omic datasets have offered new insights into viral and host factors associated with PTC. Correspondingly, new classes of models, including those using learning techniques, have helped exploit these datasets and deduce causal links underlying the associations. Models have also offered insights into therapies that either target the proviral reservoir, modulate immune responses, or both, assessing their translatability.

Summary
Advances in mathematical modeling have helped better characterize PTC, elucidated and quantified mechanisms with which interventions elicit it, and informed translational efforts.
Long-acting antiretroviral therapy in the context of viral suppression
Authors: Ring Kyle , Orkin Chloe 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Long-acting antiretroviral therapy (ART), such as with cabotegravir and rilpivirine, is a new and exciting paradigm shift that could change the face of HIV treatment if it were universally available to all who want it. In countries where there is access, uptake has been slow – partly because of capacity issues and partly because of hesitancy around remaining clinical questions. We summarized clinical trial data and emerging real-world evidence to shed light on these questions.

Recent findings
Phase 2b/3/3b clinical trials have shown CAB+RPV injections to be both well tolerated and efficacious. Real-world cohort (RWC) studies with larger numbers of people demonstrate high levels of adherence and persistence, and low rates of virological failure in clinical practice.

Summary
Although the risk of virological failure in the context of CAB+RPV is low, it remains a pertinent issue because of the high risk of developing two-class resistance. The use of multiple definitions of virological failure in RWC studies currently makes understanding the available evidence difficult and could have deleterious effects on clinical decision-making. Longer term real-world evidence in diverse populations is needed to better understand the durability of CAB+RPV and its suitability in different contexts.
Long-acting antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries: considerations for roll-out
Authors: Tembo Angela , Venter Willem Daniel Francois , Sokhela Simiso 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Long-acting ART (LA-ART) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) may address specific issues that affect people living with HIV (PWH) and people at substantial risk of HIV infection. We reviewed products in use and under consideration in LMICS, current and anticipated challenges for implementation, and offer strategies for effective rollout.

Recent findings
Factors to consider for effective implementation of LA-ART in LMICs are: managing co-conditions (pregnancy) and comorbidities (TB and hepatitis B); medication access, both cost and supply-related; and health systems delivery mechanisms for products.

Summary
LA-ART present promising new alternatives in LMICs. Although they may tackle certain adherence concerns and systemic issues, which impact delivery of services, significant obstacles remain before their widespread implementation in people that require them most, particularly in countries most affected by HIV. We offer best practices from prior experiences and implementation studies for effective coordination of multiple stakeholders, critical for effective rollout.