bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does high labour mobility always promote trade liberalization?
Authors: Kishishita Daiki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLabour immobility (high adjustment cost) has been regarded as a major obstacle to trade liberalization and it has been argued that higher labour mobility promotes trade liberalization. However, this is not the case when we take into account conflicts of interest between politicians and voters that are inevitable in representative democracy. I construct a simple two‐period model including both elections and sectoral adjustment. Then I show that the non‐monotonic relationship between labour mobility and the equilibrium degree of trade liberalization exists due to the principal–agent relationship. In representative democracy, higher labour mobility prevents trade liberalization in some cases.
Federal tax policies, congressional voting and natural resources
Authors: Perez‐Sebastian Fidel , Raveh Ohad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCan abundance of natural resources affect legislators' voting behaviour over federal tax policies? We construct a political economy model of a federalized economy with district heterogeneity in natural resource abundance. The model shows that representatives of natural resource‐rich districts are more (less) willing to vote in favour of federal tax increases (decreases). This occurs because resource‐rich districts are less responsive to federal tax changes due to the immobile nature of their natural resources. We test the model's predictions using data on roll‐call votes in the US House of Representatives over the major federal tax bills initiated during the period of 1945–2003, in conjunction with the presence of active giant oil fields in US congressional districts. Our identification strategy rests on plausibly exogenous giant oil field discoveries and exploitation and narrative‐based aggregate federal tax shocks that are exogenous to individual congressional districts and legislators. We find that: (i) resource‐rich congressional districts are less responsive to changes in federal taxes and (ii) representatives of resource‐rich congressional districts are more (less) supportive of federal tax increases (decreases), controlling for legislator, congressional district and state indicators. Our results indicate that resource richness is approximately half as dominant as the main determinant, namely party affiliation, in driving legislators' voting behaviour over federal tax policies.
A one‐year prospective study on alveolar ridge preservation using collagen‐enriched deproteinized bovine bone mineral and saddle connective tissue graft: A cone beam computed tomography analysis
Authors: Seyssens Lorenz , Eghbali Aryan , Christiaens Véronique , De Bruyckere Thomas , Doornewaard Ron , Cosyn Jan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there is ample research on alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), changes of the soft tissue profile are seldom reported. In addition, the use of a saddle connective tissue graft (S‐CTG) has only been described in one study.PurposeTo evaluate changes in bone and external soft tissue profile following ARP of intact and nonintact sockets using collagen‐enriched deproteinized bovine bone mineral (C‐DBBM) and a S‐CTG (a); to assess the need for additional hard and soft tissue grafting after ARP (b).Materials and MethodsPatients in need of a single or multiple unit fixed reconstruction in the premaxilla were included in this prospective case series. After tooth extraction, sockets were grafted with C‐DBBM and sealed with a S‐CTG. Cone beam computed tomography slides taken before tooth extraction and 4 to 6 months after ARP were superimposed to measure changes in bone dimensions and external soft tissue profile. The need for additional hard and soft tissue grafting was registered. Implants were evaluated at 1 year. Patient‐reported outcomes were registered on a 100 mm visual analogue scale at suture removal and 1 year following ARP.ResultsNineteen teeth (10 with intact sockets, 9 with nonintact sockets) in 14 patients (11 females; mean age 34) were extracted and treated with the abovementioned protocol. Volume loss could not be prevented and mainly occurred at the buccal aspect. Maximum horizontal bone resorption was 1.27 mm and maximum horizontal shrinkage of the soft tissue profile amounted to 0.87 mm, both at the most cervical aspect. Additional GBR was necessary in two sites with a nonintact buccal bone wall. The need for additional soft tissue grafting was moderate in sites with intact (3/10) and high in nonintact sockets (6/9). Implants demonstrated favorable clinical and esthetic outcomes. Pain intensity and patient satisfaction were 17 and 94, respectively.ConclusionAlveolar ridge preservation was not able to prevent relevant tissue changes. However, implants could be installed as planned. Although the application of a S‐CTG partly compensated for the buccal bone loss, the need for additional soft tissue grafting was still moderate in intact sockets and high in nonintact sockets.
A complete physical mapping of the vitamin D receptor gene for dental implant loss: A pilot study
Authors: Munhoz Pereira Thaís , Alvim‐Pereira Fabiano , Kaiser Alvim‐Pereira Claudia Cristina , Ignácio Sérgio Aparecido , Machado de Souza Cleber , Trevilatto Paula Cristina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this pilot case–control study was to investigate the association of clinical variables and genetic polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) with dental implant loss.Material and MethodsThis study was carried out with 244 individuals with mean age 51.90 ± 11.28 (81 cases and 163 controls matched by age, sex, and smoking habit). Also, the clusterization phenomenon was investigated stratifying the sample into two groups: (a) 34 patients with multiple losses (presenting two or more lost implants) and (b) 210 without multiple losses (up to one implant loss). Sociodemographic, clinical, and periodontal parameters were analyzed. The tagSNPs in the VDR gene were analyzed by real‐time PCR. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed (p < .05).ResultsEdentulism, number of implants installed, and Gingival, Plaque, and Calculus Indexes were associated with implant loss in the univariate analysis. After the multivariate analysis, the allele G of rs3782905 in the recessive model, together with number of installed implants and Gingival Index, was associated with implant failure.ConclusionIt is suggested that the allele G of rs3782905 in the recessive model may be a new genetic risk marker for dental implant loss in patients who lost two or more dental implants. In addition, number of implants installed and Gingival Index were also associated. Replication is mandatory to confirm these findings, due to the modest sample size of this work.
Impact of adenotonsillectomy on the evolution of inflammatory markers
Authors: Marcano‐Acuña Martín E. , Carrasco‐Llatas Marina , Tortajada‐Girbés Miguel , Dalmau‐Galofre José , Codoñer‐Franch Pilar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTonsils are first‐line host defence organs against pathogenic agents and participate in local and systemic immunity. Persistent increases in systemic inflammatory responses may contribute to associated morbidity. The aim of this study was to verify the short‐ and long‐term impact of adenotonsillectomy on the evolution of inflammatory markers in 3‐ to 9‐year‐old children.MethodsA prospective and longitudinal study was conducted over 1 year in 29 children who underwent tonsillectomy due to either chronic tonsillitis or adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Measurements of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels were taken. Levels of Th1‐type cytokines [interleukin‐1, interferon‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor‐Î± (TNF‐α)] and anti‐inflammatory Th2‐type cytokines [interleukin‐4, ‐5, ‐6, ‐10 and ‐13] were measured. Levels of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) were also determined. The results were compared to those of 29 control children.ResultsAt baseline, children with surgery indications presented with higher levels of hs‐CRP, interleukin‐1 and ‐10, interferon‐γ, TNF‐α and ICAM‐1, whereas values of interleukin‐4 were significantly lower than in control children. Children with severe tonsillar obstruction had higher values of interleukin‐1, ‐4, and ‐5 and lower values of interleukin‐10 compared with children with recurrent tonsillitis. One year after surgery, the levels except IL‐4 did not show a significant difference from those obtained in the control group. The levels of hs‐CRP and TNF‐α decreased significantly in the first month.ConclusionChildren with chronic tonsillitis and/or adenotonsillar hypertrophy have significantly elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Adenotonsillectomy restores the normal values of these parameters 1 year after surgery.
Integrating intraseasonal grassland dynamics in cross‐scale distribution modeling to support waterbird recovery plans
Authors: Regos Adrián , Vidal María , Lorenzo Miguel , Domínguez Jesús 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite much discussion about the utility of remote sensing for effective conservation, the inclusion of these technologies in species recovery plans remains largely anecdotal. We developed a modeling approach for the integration of local, spatially measured ecosystem functional dynamics into a species distribution modeling (SDM) framework in which other ecologically relevant factors are modeled separately at broad scales. To illustrate the approach, we incorporated intraseasonal water‐vegetation dynamics into a cross‐scale SDM for the Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago), which is highly dependent on water and vegetation dynamics. The Common Snipe is an Iberian grassland waterbird characteristic of European agricultural meadows and a member of one of the most threatened bird guilds. The intraseasonal dynamics of water content of vegetation were measured using the standard deviation of the normalized difference water index time series computed from bimonthly images of the Sentinel‐2 satellite. The recovery plan for the Common Snipe in Galicia (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) provided an opportunity to apply our modeling framework. Model accuracy in predicting the species’ distribution at a regional scale (resulting from integration of downscaled climate projections with regional habitat–topographic suitability models) was very high (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.981 and Boyce's index of 0.971). Local water‐vegetation dynamic models, based exclusively on Sentinel‐2 imagery, were good predictors (AUC of 0.849 and Boyce's index of 0.976). The predictive power improved (AUC of 0.92 and Boyce's index of 0.98) when local model predictions were restricted to areas identified by the continental and regional models as priorities for conservation. Our models also performed well (AUC of 0.90 and Boyce's index of 0.93) when projected to updated water‐vegetation conditions. Our modeling framework enabled incorporation of key ecosystem processes closely related to water and carbon cycles while accounting for other factors ecologically relevant to endangered grassland waterbirds across different scales, allowed identification of priority areas for conservation, and provided an opportunity for cost‐effective recovery planning by monitoring management effectiveness from space.
Cytology and cell‐block immunohistochemistry of circulating tumour cells
Authors: Mayall Frederick George , Pepperell Justin , Bodger Ian , Higbee Daniel , Stevanato Lara , Hustler Arianna , Mumford Kyra Mhairi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe study set out to assess the feasibility of using ParsortixTM circulating tumour cell (CTC) extraction and CytoFoam Disc cell‐block immunohistochemistry to diagnose metastatic carcinoma from blood samples in a National Health Service district general hospital.MethodsBlood samples were taken from 50 patients with metastatic carcinoma and 50 healthy volunteers and processed, using a previously published method, to extract CTCs and collect them in a cell‐block for routine formalin‐fixed paraffin sectioning and immunohistochemistry. The extracted cells were compared with the patients’ routine diagnostic samples.ResultsThe samples from the 50 carcinoma patients showed cytokeratin‐positive cells in 19 cases. In eight of these, the cytokeratin‐positive cells had a similar immunoprofile to the carcinoma in the conventional biopsy or cytology specimen. Some carcinoma patients also had circulating cytokeratin‐positive cells that were probably benign epithelial cells and circulating megakaryocytes. Both of these types of cells were also found in healthy volunteers. Processing and initial examination could be completed in 2 days. The full processing cost was approximately £316 per case.ConclusionsCTCs could be extracted from the blood of some patients with metastatic carcinoma and formed into a formalin‐fixed cell‐block for routine paraffin processing and immunohistochemistry. The specificity of this approach is constrained by the observation that some patients with metastatic carcinoma had circulating cytokeratin‐positive cells that were probably benign, and these were also found in healthy volunteers. Circulating megakaryocytes were present in carcinoma patients and healthy volunteers.
Sourcing Strategy of Original Equipment Manufacturer with Quality Competition
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Jing , Chen Bintong 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe develop game‐theoretic models to study the sourcing strategy of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) in the presence of a competing contract manufacturer (CCM). The OEM sells the product in a high‐quality brand and has three strategy options: producing the product in house or outsourcing production to either a CCM or a noncompeting contract manufacturer (NCM). At the same time, the CCM provides its own product in a low‐quality brand. We show that when the product qualities are exogenous, the OEM's sourcing strategy decision depends on the OEM brand's efficiency in producing and selling the product (the difference between quality and production cost), relative to that of the CCM brand. Interestingly, the OEM may prefer outsourcing to a CCM to soften price competition, even though this will mean a higher wholesale price; the CCM also prefers to produce for the OEM, even though its total demand may decrease. When the product qualities are endogenous, however, with quality competition, the OEM prefers either insourcing or outsourcing to an NCM to increase quality differentiation, depending on its cost disadvantage in producing the high‐quality product.
Stress overload‐induced periodontal remodelling coupled with changes in high mobility group protein B1 during tooth movement: an in‐vivo study
Authors: Zou Yuchun , Xu Linyu , Lin Hanyu 
Published: August 2019

High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), a bone‐active cytokine and an osteocyte alarmin, might have dual functions in bone metabolism that could benefit bone formation and accelerate osteoclastogenic activity. High mobility group protein B1 was recently shown to be involved in tooth movement. Here, we investigated the expression of HMGB1, which remains poorly elucidated, under stress overload‐induced periodontal remodelling conditions in vivo. Thirty‐six Sprague‐Dawley rats (male, 180–200 g) were randomly divided into three groups: two experimental groups, in which 50 or 100 g of force was applied to the first molars for 7 d to induce movement; and one control group, in which no force was applied. These stresses induced tooth movement over significantly different distances, and marked morphological changes were consistently observed in the periodontal tissues of the experimental rats, as demonstrated by histological staining. A real‐time PCR analysis showed upregulation of the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappaB ligand‐to‐osteoprotegerin ratio and downregulation of the Hmgb1 gene. Changes in both location and expression of the HMGB1 were observed through immunofluorescence analysis. Our data suggest that HMGB1 expression during orthodontic tooth movement might be regulated in a time‐ and force‐dependent manner that is substantially more complex than anticipated.
Causality of climate and soil factors affecting whole crop rye (Secale cereale L.) yield as part of natural ecosystem structure via longitudinal structural equation model in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Moonju , Peng Jinglun , Sung Kyungil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, the causality of climate and soil factors affecting the whole crop rye yield was identified via structural equation model, such as the seasonal effect between autumn and next spring, the indirect effect of the precipitation and the relationship between soil physical and climate factors. To identify the causality under the part of natural ecosystem, the structure was modeled with climates (autumnal accumulated temperature, autumnal growing days, spring accumulated temperature, spring growing days, spring amount of precipitation, and spring days with precipitation) and soil physical properties (drainage classes, effective soil depth, slope, and gravel content). As a result, we could estimate various specific relationships: First, the seasonal effect of accumulated temperature and growing days between autumn and next spring was obvious for the yield. Second, the precipitation had indirectly influenced the yield through suitable temperature in next spring. Final, the soil physical factor was related to the only precipitation, which means the effect of soil factor was significant through the spring precipitation. The structure could be modeled with climate and soil physical factors as a part of natural ecosystem, which was performed at the first time in the Republic of Korea and will be helpful to extend the structure with various factors in the future study.
Sperm number assessed by flow cytometry in species of Daphnia (Crustacea, Cladocera)
Authors: Dufresne France , Belzile Claude , McKindsey Charlotte , Beaudreau Nicholas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDaphnia magna and Daphnia pulex are two important model species in ecotoxicology. In daphniids, studies of the effects of contaminants have mostly focused on female life history traits, yet it would also be important to examine male reproductive traits, particularly in relation to endocrine disruptors. In this study, we developed a protocol that uses flow cytometry to measure sperm number in individual males of different species of Daphnia. We tested our protocol on 114 males from several clones of three common species of Daphnia. Sperm count varied widely among individuals and reached high numbers (up to 1.45 × 105). Positive relationships between male length and sperm number were observed in D. pulex and Daphnia pulicaria, but not in D. magna. Important inter‐clonal differences in sperm production were observed in all species, with some clones producing very little sperm. Duplicated sperm samples showed on average only 6% difference in sperm counts. Sperm counts were stable at least over a 2‐hr period and up to 5 hr for most samples. This sperm isolation protocol and flow cytometric enumeration approach will be of major interest to ecotoxicologists.
Long non‐coding RNA LINC01225 promotes proliferation, invasion and migration of gastric cancer via Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway
Authors: Xu Ying , Zhang Guohua , Zou Chen , Qi Weidong , Gong Zhigang , Zhang Guoliang , Ma Gui , Zhang Wenbo , Jiang Pengcheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEmerging evidence has classified the aberrant expression of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as a basic signature of various malignancies including gastric cancer (GC). LINC01225 has been shown to act as a hepatocellular carcinoma‐related gene, with its expression pattern and biological function not clarified in GC. Here, we verified that LINC01225 was up‐regulated in tumour tissues and plasma of GC. Analysis with clinicopathological information suggested that up‐regulation of LINC01225 was associated with advanced disease and poorer overall survival. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that plasma LINC01225 had a moderate accuracy for diagnosis of GC. In addition, knockdown of LINC01225 led to retardation of cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and overexpression of LINC01225 showed the opposite effects. Mechanistic investigations showed that LINC01225 silencing inhibited epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and attenuated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling of GC. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Wnt1 or suppression of GSK‐3β abolished the si‐LINC01225‐mediated suppression against EMT, thereby promoting cell proliferation, invasion and migration of GC. In conclusion, LINC01225 promotes the progression of GC through Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway, and it may serve as a potential target or strategy for diagnosis or treatment of GC.
Blame‐shifting in Times of Permanent Austerity: Evidence from Spain and Greece in the Eurozone Crisis
Authors: Sommer Moritz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe literature on blame avoidance suggests that politicians seek to avoid the risk of electoral punishment by means of blame‐shifting. Based on a quantitative content analysis of public responsibility attributions, this article explores public blame‐shifting among Greek and Spanish parties in austerity governments during the eurozone crisis. Arguing that blame avoidance behavior in times of austerity is conditioned by party ideology, the findings suggest that incumbent left‐wing parties are more inclined to shift the blame whereas conservative parties also claim credit. The article then explores how the European character of the crisis influenced the patterns of blame‐shifting. The results show firstly, that external blame‐shifting rose significantly in times of incumbency, when foreign actors appeared to be ideal scapegoats; secondly, external blame‐shifting in the crisis was slightly more common among left‐wing parties. The article contributes to assessing the role of party ideology for blame‐shifting and it helps to understand blame‐shifting in European policy fields.
Embryo transfer associated with hormone replacement therapy cycles using assisted reproductive technology increases placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Sakai Yuya , Ono Masanori , Iizuka Takashi , Kagami Kyosuke , Masumoto Sakiko , Nakayama Midori , Nakade Kyohei , Shitano Yasushi , Yamazaki Rena , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate obstetric outcomes in embryo transfer (ET) during estrogen with progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycles using assisted reproductive technology (ART).MethodsOf the 118 singleton pregnancies conceived with ART and delivered between January 2015 and December 2017, we reviewed the data of 87 cases that had information on HRT at the time of ET. Data on pregnancy outcomes included the presence of small for gestational age fetuses, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placenta previa (including low‐lying placenta), placental abruption and placenta accreta spectrum (including placenta accreta, placenta increta and placenta percreta). We investigated the relationship between HRT cycles and adverse placental outcomes (placenta accreta spectrum, placental abruption, placenta previa, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and small for gestational age fetuses). We then analyzed the associations that correlated with adverse placental outcomes.ResultsPatients with ET during HRT cycles were more likely to have placenta accreta spectrum. During the study period, 87 out of 118 singleton live births using ART had information on HRT (60 HRT cycles and 27 ovulation cycles). The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum was significantly higher in the HRT cycle group than in the ovulation cycle group (HRT cycle, 31.7% [19 of 60] vs ovulation cycle, 7.4% [2 of 27]; P < 0.01).ConclusionThe obstetric outcomes occurring in pregnancies involving HRT use may differ among ET cycles. ET during HRT cycles were associated with adverse obstetric outcomes due to placenta accreta spectrum. The potential interaction between HRT cycles and adverse placental events is novel and warrants further investigation.