bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced vitamin B12 production by isolated Bacillus strains with the application of response surface methodology
Authors: Abdel-Baki Rania M. M. , Ahmed Marwa N. , Barakat Olfat S. , Khalafalla Galal M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Vitamin B12 is a crucial B-group vitamin, first isolated from the liver due to its role in combating pernicious anemia. It is distinguished by its unique and complex structure, which makes its chemical synthesis challenging and expensive. Consequently, vitamin B12 is alternatively obtained through microbial fermentations. Molasses, an affordable and safe agro-industrial waste, can be used as a carbon source for vitamin B12 production, offering a cost-effective alternative to expensive sugars in the production medium.

Results
A total of 87 yeast, actinomycete, and bacterial isolates were screened for vitamin B12 production, with 15 isolates showing high productivity. Bacillus isolates were selected for further analysis using MALDI-TOF and molecular identification. These isolates were identified as four strains of Bacillus subtilis (MZ08, JT10, BY11, and JT17), one strains of Bacillus sp. (CB09), and one strain of Peribacillus acanthi (MZ01). Genetic circuits associated with vitamin B12 production were demonstrated in a closely related strain of Peribacillus acanthi MZ01 strain. Three strains (MZ01, MZ08, and JT17) were selected for further evaluation of vitamin B12 productivity under different sugar types (glucose, sucrose, fructose, lactose, and galactose) and varying inoculum sizes. The inoculum size significantly impacted vitamin B12 production, with an increase from 5 to 10% enhancing yields. The ability of the strains to produce vitamin B12 varied depending on the type of sugar used. Peribacillus acanthi MZ01 strain showed the highest productivity and subsequently, selected for optimizing vitamin B12 production conditions using response surface methodology. Furthermore, the optimized conditions were then applied to molasses-based medium to achieve high vitamin B12 yields by MZ01 strain.

Conclusion
In this study, Peribacillus acanthi was characterized for the first time as a vitamin B12 producer, demonstrating high productivity among various tested strains. The optimization of production conditions using response surface methodology, further enhanced vitamin B12 yields, showcasing the strain’s efficiency in microbial fermentations. This research also highlights the potential of using molasses as a cost-effective alternative carbon source, significantly reducing production costs.
How do patients and healthcare professionals experience foot examinations in diabetes care? – A randomised controlled study of digital foot examinations versus traditional foot examinations
Authors: Hellstrand Tang Ulla , Tranberg Roy , Sundberg Leif , Scandurra Isabella 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Digital solutions in healthcare can facilitate and improve care. However, the experiences and the usefulness of using either digital foot examinations or traditional foot examinations need to be evaluated.
The aims of the study were to evaluate:
1) The differences in patient experiences, having their foot examined supported by the Clinical Decision Support System as compared with having their foot examined in traditional practice,
2) How healthcare professionals, by using the digital tool, experienced the routine compared with performing the foot examination as in traditional practice.

Methods
Of a total of 141 patients, 100 patients with diabetes were single-blind digitally randomised to one of two parallel arms: having their foot examined by a healthcare professional using a digital tool (n = 47) or having their foot examined as in traditional practice (n = 53) at the Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Patients filled in a modified version of the National Patient Survey and the Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey at study end. Two healthcare professionals, working at a Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, answered surveys regarding the interaction between the patient and the certified prosthetist and orthotist.

Results
Patients, aged 66 ± 13 years, perceived a high level of satisfaction with the service at the department, regardless of the method used. No significant differences between groups were found when evaluated by 27 questions in the National Patient Survey or by the Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey, with scores of 67.17 ± 12.18 vs. 66.35 ± 16.52 (p = 0.78) for the intervention and control group respectively. For the same patient that healthcare professionals foot examined, the risk class was fully obtained when the risk to develop foot ulcers was assessed by using the digital tool, whereas only 2% of the patients were classified when foot assessed in traditional practice.

Conclusions
Regardless of the method used for the foot examination, patients perceived a high level of satisfaction with the services at the Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics. All the patients were risk classified in the intervention group. The healthcare professionals found that, by using the Clinical Decision Support System, the foot examination was structured and followed clinical guidelines. Furthermore, the documentation in the electronic health record was thorough, even though further improvements, such as integration with co-existing health record systems, were requested.

Trial registration
Clinical Trials NCT03088566, Registered 23 March 2017.
Developmental studies of the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands in Japanese quails (Coturinx coturinx japonica)
Authors: Khalifa Mahmoud Osman , Abd-Elkareem Mahmoud , Gaber Wafaa , Saleh Abdelmohaimen Mostafa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The Japanese quail (Coturinx coturnix japonica) has a crucial role in the lives of humanity since the 12th century and continues to play main roles in our industry and scientific research. The advantages that the Japanese quail has, such as heavy egg production and high-quality meat with low cholesterol and fat contents, Moreover, the Japanese quail is easily managed, with high feeding conversion, low cost of investment, and high rate of returns. Salivary glands are a part of the lingual apparatus that secretes serios and mucous saliva. Whereas, the saliva secretions have different roles in the food variation, apprehension, and moisture of food bolus. The morphological and cytochemical analysis are done on 20 healthy Japanese quail embryos of 6th, 10th, 11th, and 13th days of incubation and 25 healthy quail chicks at hatching day old, 7th, 14th, 30th, and 60th days old. These samples are investigated histologically, histochemically, and scanned by electron microscopy serially. Our purpose of the study is to highlight the area of the oropharyngeal salivary glands and their role in food variation, as few studies spoke about that in Japanese quail.

Results
The primordia of the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands were noticed at the 6th and 10th days of the prehatching respectively as an epithelial bud. After hatching, both primordia were elongated and differentiated into secretory units. These glands were mucous polystomatic tubulo-alveolar paired glands, which were situated in the submucosa of the oropharyngeal floor (sublingual floor and paralingual grooves). The sublingual glands consisted of 3–5 lobes extended from the two Os ceratobranchial by their wide ends caudally, to beyond the median sulcus of the prefrenular part of the sublingual space rostrally. The taste buds were variable in size and position. The mandibular glands lay on the paralingual groove, which arose at the 10-day old embryo. The mandibular glands were located dorsomedial to the sublingual glands and extended longitudinally from the rostral border of the frenulum linguae to the caudal tips of the sublingual glands. The taste buds decreased in volume and number with advancing age.

Conclusion
Overall, salivary glands increase in their alcianophilic activity of the secretions with advancing age, which indicates low PH within the secretory end pieces.
24-hour movement behaviors and changes in quality of life over time among community-dwelling older adults: a compositional data analysis
Authors: Palmberg Lotta , Suorsa Kristin , Löppönen Antti , Karavirta Laura , Rantanen Taina , Rantalainen Timo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Favorable movement behavior patterns, comprising more physical activity, less sedentary behavior, and sufficient sleep, may promote the maintenance of good quality of life (QoL) with advancing age. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether movement behaviors predict future changes in QoL among community-dwelling older adults over a four-year follow-up.

Methods
Participants were 75-, 80- and 85-year-old community-dwelling older adults (n = 203) followed up for 4 years. Participants wore thigh- and trunk-mounted accelerometers for 3–7 days at baseline. Proportion of time-use in physical activity, standing and sedentary behavior were assessed based on body posture and movement intensity. Time in bed was determined using an automated algorithm. QoL was assessed during a home interview using the short Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire at baseline and follow-up (range 13–65, higher scores indicate higher QoL). Compositional linear regression analysis was used to study whether baseline time-use composition predicts changes in QoL.

Results
Over the 4-year follow-up, QoL scores decreased by 5% on average. Higher physical activity in relation to the other movement behaviors was associated with increase in QoL over time (βilr 0.94, p = 0.013), but this association attenuated after adding baseline physical function into the model. Sedentary behavior, standing, and time in bed were not associated with changes in QoL. Theoretical reallocation of 30 min of physical activity into sedentary behavior, standing or time in bed was estimated to decrease QoL by 0.5 (CI 95% -0.6 to -0.4), 0.6 (-0.7 to -0.5) and 0.4 (-0.5 to -0.3) points, respectively.

Conclusions
Theoretical reallocation of physical activity into sedentary behavior, standing, and time in bed was found to be associated with prospective decline in QoL among older adults. Engaging more in physical activity and less in more passive activities may promote better QoL with advancing age.
Unraveling the role and mechanism of mitochondria in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a narrative review
Authors: Zhang Zhenyong , Yang Wei , Wang Lanbo , Zhu Chengyao , Cui Shuyan , Wang Tian , Gu Xi , Liu Yang , Qiu Peng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a frequent neurological complication encountered during the perioperative period with unclear mechanisms and no effective treatments. Recent research into the pathogenesis of POCD has primarily focused on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, changes in neural synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter imbalances. Given the high-energy metabolism of neurons and their critical dependency on mitochondria, mitochondrial dysfunction directly affects neuronal function. Additionally, as the primary organelles generating reactive oxygen species, mitochondria are closely linked to the pathological processes of neuroinflammation. Surgery and anesthesia can induce mitochondrial dysfunction, increase mitochondrial oxidative stress, and disrupt mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms via various pathways, hence serving as key initiators of the POCD pathological process. We conducted a review on the role and potential mechanisms of mitochondria in postoperative cognitive dysfunction by consulting relevant literature from the PubMed and EMBASE databases spanning the past 25 years. Our findings indicate that surgery and anesthesia can inhibit mitochondrial respiration, thereby reducing ATP production, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, promoting mitochondrial fission, inducing mitochondrial calcium buffering abnormalities and iron accumulation, inhibiting mitophagy, and increasing mitochondrial oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction and damage can ultimately lead to impaired neuronal function, abnormal synaptic transmission, impaired synthesis and release of neurotransmitters, and even neuronal death, resulting in cognitive dysfunction. Targeted mitochondrial therapies have shown positive outcomes, holding promise as a novel treatment for POCD.
Identification of a novel ST3GAL5 variant in a Chinese boy with GM3 synthase deficiency and literature review of variants in the ST3GAL5 gene
Authors: Mu Dan , Yang Yanting , Liu Yao , Shen Ying , Liu Hongqian , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
GM3 synthase deficiency (GM3SD) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mutations in the ST3GAL5 gene. It is characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, psychomotor and developmental delay, hearing and visual impairments, and changes in skin pigmentation. This study aims to broaden the genetic mutation spectrum of GM3SD through the report of a de novo mutation and a comprehensive summary of GM3SD phenotype to aid in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.

Results
Compound heterozygous variants in ST3GAL5 (NM_003896.4: c.1000delC, p.Arg334Glufs*15 and c.207-1G > T, p.Cys70Glufs*81) were identified via trio-whole exome sequencing (trio-WES) and confirmed pathogenic through functional experiments. Notably, c.207-1G > T was a newly discovered variant. Additionally, previously reported GM3SD mutations were classified into R288X and non-R288X, revealing that R288X mutations were more likely to manifest developmental, emotional abnormalities, and severe feeding difficulties.

Conclusions
This study reveals a novel mutation in ST3GAL5 and provides a comprehensive overview of GM3SD phenotype, aiding in the diagnosis and genetic counseling of GM3SD in clinical practice.
Ultrasound evaluation of kidney and liver involvement in Bardet–Biedl syndrome
Authors: Cetiner Metin , Finkelberg Ilja , Schiepek Felix , Pape Lars , Hirtz Raphael , Büscher Anja K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal-recessive ciliopathy with pathogenic variants in 26 BBS genes. It affects multiple organs, including the kidney and liver, with varying degrees regarding extent and time of first manifestation. Structural renal anomalies are an early feature and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) cumulates to 25% in adulthood. Early-onset hyperphagia-associated obesity is another major symptom and contributes to liver pathology, presenting as steatosis/fibrosis. Aim of this study is the evaluation of high-end ultrasound (US) technologies in BBS patients regarding their potential to discriminate liver and kidney tissue pathology at an early stage.

Materials and methods
Patients with genetically proven BBS were recruited from the University Children’s Hospital of Essen and from BBS patient days hosted in Germany. Acute illness was an exclusion criterion. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from patients’ digital records or medical letters. High-resolution ultrasound (US) imaging was utilized, including attenuation imaging (ATI), shear wave elastography (SWE) and dispersion (SWD) of liver tissue.

Results
49 BBS patients (24/49 male; 1.1–51.0 years, mean 17.8 years) were included in the study. Mean body weight (SDS 2.13 ± 1.33) and BMI (SDS 2.64 ± 1.18) were increased. Structural kidney abnormalities (dysplasia, cysts) were present in 75% (36/48), and persistent fetal lobulation in 44% (21/48). Renal function was impaired in 27% (13/49) of whom 3 had ESKD (kidney transplantation (n = 2), hemodialysis (n = 1)). Elevation of liver enzymes was detected in 38% (16/42). In 51% (25/49) ATI of liver tissue was increased, indicating hepatic steatosis, and correlated with BMI SDS, liver size, and enzymes. SWE was elevated in 61% (30/49), suggesting hepatic fibrosis, and it correlated with BMI and GGT. Patients with pathogenic variants in BBS10 showed a tendency towards higher ATI, reduced GFR, and higher BMI SDS.

Conclusions
We detected kidney and liver abnormalities in a higher percentage of BBS patients than previously reported, indicating a high sensitivity and diagnostic yield of the evaluated high-end US applications. ATI detected liver pathology early (partially prior to liver enzymes) and revealed differences related to the affected genes. Evidence of tissue pathology at an early stage may improve diagnostics and the evaluation of therapeutic approaches.
Predictors of weaning failure in ventilated intensive care patients: a systematic evidence map
Authors: Sterr Fritz , Reintke Michael , Bauernfeind Lydia , Senyol Volkan , Rester Christian , Metzing Sabine , Palm Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Ventilator weaning is of great importance for intensive care patients in order to avoid complications caused by prolonged ventilation. However, not all patients succeed in weaning immediately. Their spontaneous breathing may be insufficient, resulting in extubation failure and the subsequent need for reintubation. To identify patients at high risk for weaning failure, a variety of potential predictors has already been examined in individual studies and meta-analyses over the last decades. However, an overview of all the predictors investigated is missing.

Aim
To provide an overview of empirically investigated predictors for weaning failure.

Methods
A systematic evidence map was developed. To this end, we conducted a systematic search in the Medline, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases in December 2023 and added a citation search and a manual search in June 2024. Studies on predictors for weaning failure in adults ventilated in the intensive care unit were included. Studies on children, outpatients, non-invasive ventilation, or explanatory factors of weaning failure were excluded. Two reviewers performed the screening and data extraction independently. Data synthesis followed an inductive approach in which the predictors were thematically analyzed, sorted, and clustered.

Results
Of the 1388 records obtained, 140 studies were included in the analysis. The 112 prospective and 28 retrospective studies investigated a total of 145 predictors. These were assigned to the four central clusters ‘Imaging procedures’ (n = 22), ‘Physiological parameters’ (n = 61), ‘Scores and indices’ (n = 53), and ‘Machine learning models’ (n = 9). The most frequently investigated predictors are the rapid shallow breathing index, the diaphragm thickening fraction, the respiratory rate, the P/F ratio, and the diaphragm excursion.

Conclusion
Predictors for weaning failure are widely researched. To date, 145 predictors have been investigated with varying intensity in 140 studies that are in line with the current weaning definition. It is no longer just individual predictors that are investigated, but more comprehensive assessments, indices and machine learning models in the last decade. Future research should be conducted in line with international weaning definitions and further investigate poorly researched predictors.
Registration, Protocol: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2KDYU
Acute responses to a potentiation warm-up protocol on sprint and change of direction in female football players: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Zylberberg Tomás , Martins Ricardo , Pettersen Svein Arne , Afonso José , Matias Vale Baptista Ivan André 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the acute effect of exposure to a potentiation warm-up protocol compared to a usual warm-up program.

Design
Randomized parallel control trial.

Setting
Synthetic grass in the club’s facilities (Portugal).

Participants
Seventeen female football players (age: 23.9 ± 3.9 years), were randomly allocated to a control (n = 8) and an experimental group (n = 9). To allocate the players, a table was computer-generated by a research team member with no involvement in the trial.

Intervention
The control group performed their usual warm-up program, while the experimental group performed a potentiation warm-up protocol with jumps combined with sprints with change of direction.

Main outcomes measures
The players were tested pre- and post-intervention for a 40-m linear sprint and pre-planned change of direction using the T-test.

Statistical analysis
An intention-to-treat analysis was performed, with all the participants originally randomized being involved. The normal distribution was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The assumption of sphericity was analyzed. Effect sizes were calculated using partial eta squared.

Results
No significant pre-post differences in the T-test and in the 40-m sprint were detected for any group. However, in the T-test, large effect sizes in time increments were observed within the experimental (0.27 s; p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.176) and control groups (0.06 s; p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.176). Also, in the 40-m sprint, large effect sizes in time increments were observed within the experimental (0.05 s; p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.251) and control groups (0.09 s; p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.251).

Conclusions
The performance-enhancing ability of the potentiation method performed at warm-up was not verified when applied to female football players. Thus, the potentiation methods may not improve sprint and COD ability for this population. However, the lack of statistical significance may have been due to reduced statistical power, as three of four effects suggest acute performance impairment after a supposed potentiation-oriented warm-up. Nevertheless, the presence of a statistical type 2 error cannot be ruled out.

Registration number (retrospectively registered)
NCT06555185; Project URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06555185.
Delayed drug-induced catatonia in an adolescent girl—clinical implications: a case report
Authors: Winerdal Max , Skordas Konstantinos , Lidehäll Anna Karin , Wilhelmsdotter Carin , Strömbergsson Helena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Catatonia is a potentially life-threatening condition that is characterized by psychiatric and motor disturbances, such as negativism, hypomotility, bradykinesia, and unusual movements. The diagnosis is based on clinical examination and occurs in both pediatric and adult patients and is associated with an increased mortality. Catatonia is associated with psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, major depression, encephalitis, and bipolar disorder. The physiopathology of catatonia is complex and not fully understood. There is an ongoing debate in the medical community whether catatonia is an independent syndrome, or secondary to other mental illnesses. This case presentation is unique, as there are few reports describing cases of isolated catatonic syndrome in the absence of any other psychiatric or medical condition with a delayed onset caused by recreational drug abuse.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 17-year-old Caucasian athletic girl with no previous contact with child and adolescent psychiatry, nor any previous drug abuse. After recreational intake of drugs, there was a delay of approximately 7 days, before the patient searched care with symptoms that were at a later stage recognized as catatonia. Treatment with a high dose of lorazepam in combination with memantine and lithium resulted in a regression of the symptoms. After 6 weeks the patient could be discharged from the hospital almost fully recovered.

Conclusions
An acute onset of psychomotor symptoms without any previous history of mental illnesses must be addressed early as a potential catatonic syndrome. Delayed onset of catatonic symptoms after intake of drugs should not be overlooked, and we here suggest that mephedrone might be capable of inducing delayed catatonia. It is feasible to use memantine as an adjuvant to the treatment of catatonia in adolescents.