bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mouse Model of Acute Q Fever Following Infection Via A Non-Invasive Intratracheal Inoculation Method
Authors: Hu Xueyuan , Yu Yonghui , Feng Junxia , Fu Mengjiao , Dai Lupeng , Lu Zhiyu , He Zemin , Luo Wenbo , Xiong Xiaolu , Wang Jinglin , Zhou Dongsheng , Wen Bohai , Zhao Baohua , Jiao Jun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii and mainly transmitted by aerosols. This study aims at establishing a systematic and efficient mouse model of acute Q fever via intratracheal (IT) inoculation of aerosolized C. burnetii.
Methods: BALB/c mice were infected with C. burnetii via IT route using a non-invasive aerosol pulmonary delivery device to directly place the living C. burnetii organisms into their tracheas. The bacterial loads, pathological lesions, and serological responses were analyzed in mice, and compared with those of mice infected via intraperitoneal (IP) route.
Results: As early as at day three post-infection (pi) with a low dose of C. burnetii (1×10⁴ per mouse), a large amount of C. burnetii organisms were determined in blood, lungs, hearts, livers, and spleens of the mice. The inflammatory infiltration was observed in hearts and lungs of mice. Compared with mice infected via IP route, the mice infected via IT route exhibited a higher level of bacterial loads and more severe pathological lesions in hearts and lungs at day 3 and day 7 pi.
Conclusions: These data indicated that IT route is more efficient than IP route to cause acute C. burnetii infection in mice. Overall, we successfully established a mouse model of C. burnetii infection via IT route, which is useful for investigations of pathogenesis and immunity of acute C. burnetii infection as well as evaluation of therapeutic drugs and preventive vaccines of Q fever.
Balanced duplicated gene expression supports an autotetraploid ancestor of Salicaceae plants
Authors: Zhao Yu-Hao , Wang Jin-Peng , Yuan Jia-Qing , Li Jing , Ge Wei-Na , Zhang Jin , Xie Yangqin , Hou Yue , Shehzad Tariq , Wang Xiyin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

Autopolyploids refer to the increase in the genome from the same species, usually produced by direct doubling of diploid chromosomes. The polyploid formed by chromosome doubling of the same species is called homologous polyploid.

Results

In order to further check whether the Salicaceae-common tetraploid is homologous or heterologous, with grape as the outer group, by performing gene collinearity analysis, we explored whether two sets of poplar chromosomes or chromosomal regions have balanced gene expression levels and similar gene function. Paired T-test showed that duplicated genes in colinearity were balanced in expression, which is expected if the tetraploid ancestor was homologous whole-genome duplication, or autopolyploidization. Moreover, KEGG enrichment analysis and pathway annotation showed that most of the differentially expressed genes were related to metabolism. A comparison of different groups of flowering plants suggests that autopolyploidization may not provide comparable biological and evolutionary vigor to establish large plant groups, as observed in poaceae and brassicaceae families. The present analysis contributes to understanding the biology and evolution of Salicacea plants and beyond.

Conclusions

There was no significant difference in gene expression and gene function between two sets of genomes of poplar.
Development of a decision support system for managing Heterodera schahtii in sugar beet production
Authors: Omer Zahra S. , Levenfors Jens , Andersson Susanne , Wallenhammar Ann-Charlotte 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A decision support system, SBN-Watch, was developed to demonstrate the influence of crop rotation and the choice of sugar beets (Beta vulgaris) varieties on the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii Schmidt (SBN) population and sugar beets yield. The database in SBN-Watch consists of a varietal unit with five sugar beet varieties representing the three categories “Standard,” “Tolerant” and “semi-tolerant.” Data of minimal yield (m), tolerance limit (T), and population dynamic parameters were obtained from published commercial field trials conducted in Sweden and Denmark in 2011. Additionally, a sanitation intercrop unit with different resistant classes of white mustard (Sinapsis arvensis) and oil seed radish (Raphanus sativus) was included. The relationship between initial population (Pi) and sugar yield as well as SBN final population in soil (Pf) was calculated by two Seinhorst equations. Few data inputs are required to be entered by the user in SBN-Watch, mainly the initial population (Pi), expected sugar price and exchange rate of € to SEK. The calculated reproduction factor (Rf) values using SBN-Watch corresponded well with varietal characteristics, where the standard variety Mixer had the highest (Rf) values. The influence of the initial SBN population on the calculated sugar yield (tonnes ha−1) was generally small at Pi < 2.
Development of phosphorus recovery reactor for enlargement of struvite crystals using seawater as the magnesium source
Authors: Wongphudphad Pidchaya , Kemacheevakul Patiya 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Struvite crystallization is an interesting method for the recovery of phosphorus (P) from wastewater. However, the struvite crystals obtained are small, which makes them difficult to separate from wastewater. A continuous reactor for enlarging struvite crystals was developed. Batch-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the optimum factors for the enlargement of struvite crystals. The results of pH experiments showed that P recovery efficiency increased with an increase of pH values (7.6 to 10), while the size of struvite crystals decreased. The results of the Mg:P ratios found that the maximum P recovery efficiency occurred at the maximum ratio of Mg:P. The sizes of struvite crystals were not significantly different. For the variation of temperature values, the results showed that P recovery efficiency and crystal sizes decreased when temperature values increased. Therefore, the optimized conditions for P recovery efficiency and enlargement of struvite crystals for the continuous reactor were pH 8.5 and an Mg:P ratio of 1.2:1 at 30 °C (room temperature). The treated swine wastewater and seawater were continuously fed in at the bottom of the reactor. After 30 days, the size of struvite crystals had increased from 125 μm to 0.83 mm (seven times).
Preparation of mesoporous activated carbon from date stones for the adsorption of Bemacid Red
Authors: Boudia Rabia , Mimanne Goussem , Benhabib Karim , Pirault-Roy Laurence 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This work concerns the elimination of the organic pollutant; Bemacid Red (BR), a rather persistent dye present in wastewater from the textile industry in western Algeria, by adsorption on carbon from an agricultural waste in the optimal conditions of the adsorption process. An active carbon was synthesized by treating an agro-alimentary waste, the date stones that are very abundant in Algeria, physically and chemically. Sample after activation (SAA) with phosphoric acid was highly efficient for the removal of BR. The characterization of this porous material has shown a specific surface area that exceeds 900 m2/g with the presence of mesopores. The iodine value also indicates that the activated carbon obtained has a large micro porosity. The reduction of the infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) bands reveals that the waste has been synthesized and activated in good conditions. Parameters influencing the adsorption process have been studied and optimized, such as contact time, adsorbent mass, solution pH, initial dye concentration and temperature. The results show that for a contact time of 60 min, a mass of 0.5 g and at room temperature, the adsorption rate of the BR by the SAA is at its maximum. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were studied to analyse adsorption kinetics. The result shows the adsorption kinetic is best with the pseudo-second-order model. In this study, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were investigated for adsorption of BR onto SAA. The Freundlich and Temkin isotherms have the highest correlations coefficients. The suggested adsorption process involves multilayer adsorption with the creation of chemical bonds. The mechanism of adsorption of BR by SAA is spontaneous and exothermic, and the Gibbs free energy values confirm that the elimination of the textile dye follows a physisorption.
Effect of Pullulan on Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Quality of Yogurts
Authors: Chlebowska-Śmigiel Anna , Kycia Katarzyna , Neffe-Skocińska Katarzyna , Kieliszek Marek , Gniewosz Małgorzata , Kołożyn-Krajewska Danuta 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Pullulan can partially or completely replace starch or fat, thanks to which it
can be used for the production of dietetic food. It allows you to maintain the desired consistency, and
increases the viscosity of the product.

Objective:
Therefore, an attempt was made to produce yogurts with pullulan addition and determine
the effect of its presence on the number of LAB, pH change, titratable acidity, and sensory quality of
yogurts during storage at 4°C for 28 days.

Method:
The effect of addition of 0; 1.0 and 2.0 % w/v pullulan as a yogurt ingredient on the changes in
pH, acidity, LAB number, and sensory quality of yogurt during storage at 4°C for 28 days was examined.

Results:
Pullulan did not affect yogurt pH, but the addition of 2.0 % w/v pullulan increased the acidity
of yogurt as compared to that of the control yogurt. A statistically significantly higher total number of
Lactobacillus, by approximately 1 logarithmic cycle, was found in yogurts with pullulan than in the
control yogurt on the 28th day of storage. The yogurt with 1.0% w/v pullulan addition showed better
sensory characteristics than that with 2.0% pullulan w/v addition.

Conclusion:
The conducted research proved that the presence of pullulan in the culture medium stimulates
the growth of selected lactic acid bacteria and influences their fermentation capacity. The use of
1.0 % w/v pullulan during the production of yogurts allowed to obtain a sensorically acceptable product,
it had a protective effect on the number of lactic acid bacteria during 28 days of refrigerated storage
of yogurt.
A Review of Chikungunya Virus-induced Arthralgia: Clinical Manifestations, Therapeutics, and Pathogenesis
Authors: Goupil Brad A. , Mores Christopher N. 
Published: April 2019

Background:Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that circulates predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions, potentially affecting over 1 billion people. Recently, an outbreak began in the western hemisphere and has resulted in over 1.8 million reported suspected cases. Infection often results in severe fever, rash and debilitating polyarthralgia lasting weeks to months. Additionally, the current literature reports that CHIKV can result in a severe chronic arthralgia and/or arthritis that can last months to years following the initial infection.Objective:The purpose of this review is to evaluate the literature and summarize the current state of knowledge regarding CHIKV-associated disease, including clinical presentation, diagnosis, risk factors for development of severe disease, treatment, and pathogenesis in human patients. Additionally, recommendations are presented regarding avenues for clinical research to help further elucidate the pathogenesis of joint disease associated with CHIKV infection.Conclusion:While there is an association between initial CHIKV infection and acute disease, a causal relationship with development of chronic arthralgia has not been established at this time. Potential causes of chronic CHIKV-induced arthritis have been postulated, including viral persistence, induction of autoimmune disease, and exacerbation of pre-existing joint disease. While there are numerous reports of chronic CHIKV-associated arthralgia and/or arthritis, there is currently no evidence of a definitive link between initial infection and development of chronic disease. Additional, prospective clinical research on CHIKV-associated disease is necessary to further determine the potential role of virus and development of chronic joint disease.
Eugenol Supplementation as an Additive to Improve the Thermal Stability of Hedychium coronarium Koening Essential Oil
Authors: Macias Julyleth P.J. , Castro Ricardo I. , Esguerra Saray K.G. , Marin Jaime G. , Guzman Luis , Gutierrez Margarita , Vergara Claudia E. , Forero-Doria Oscar 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Eugenol is a phenolic compound with a wide spectrum of biological activities
such as antibacterial and antioxidant.

Objective:
Eugenol is an ideal candidate as a natural antioxidant additive, especially for those substances
that are affected by lipoperoxidation process, this is the case of essential oils that have an
important role in the food, perfumery and pharmaceutical industries, which easily deteriorate under
high temperature, strong light, and reactive oxygen species.

Methods:
In order to evidence the influence of the addition of eugenol in the thermal properties of
Hedychium coronarium Koening essential oil, were determined the chemical composition, antioxidant
properties and TG/DTG analysis after the supplementation with different ratios of
eugenol/essential oil.

Results:
The results showed a high content of oxygenated monoteropenes (50.33%), followed by
monoterpene hydrocarbons (23.35%) and sesquiterpene (19.2%), the TG/DTG analysis presented a
significant increment in the degradation temperature of the essential oil, being the major value 12 ºC
at a supplementation of 4.7% (v/v) of eugenol.

Conclusion:
Finally, the supplementation with eugenol improved the thermal stability of the essential
oil of Hedychium coronarium Koening, which could be applicable to other oils thereby improving
their physicochemical properties.
Safety of Dynamic Intravenous Iron Administration Strategies in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Cole Stephen R. , Kshirsagar Abhijit V. , Fine Jason P. , Stürmer Til , Brookhart M. Alan 
Published: April 2019

Background and objectives
Intravenous iron therapy for chronic anemia management is largely driven by dosing protocols that differ in intensity with respect to dosing approach (i.e., dose, frequency, and duration). Little is known about the safety of these protocols.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Using clinical data from a large United States dialysis provider linked to health care utilization data from Medicare, we constructed a cohort of patients with ESKD aged ≥65 years who initiated and continued center-based hemodialysis for ≥90 days between 2009 and 2012, and initiated at least one of the five common intravenous iron administration strategies; ranked by intensity (the amount of iron given at moderate-to-high iron indices), the order of strategies was 3 (least intensive), 2 (less intensive), 1 (reference), 4 (more intensive), and 5 (most intensive). We estimated the effect of continuous exposure to these strategies on cumulative risks of mortality and infection-related events with dynamic Cox marginal structural models.

Results
Of 13,249 eligible patients, 1320 (10%) died and 1627 (12%) had one or more infection-related events during the 4-month follow-up. The most and least commonly initiated strategy was strategy 2 and 5, respectively. Compared with the reference strategy 1, more intensive strategies (4 and 5) demonstrated a higher risk of all-cause mortality (e.g., most intensive strategy 5: 60-day risk difference: 1.3%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.8% to 2.1%; 120-day risk difference: 3.1%; 95% CI, 1.0% to 5.6%). Similarly, higher risks were observed for infection-related morbidity and mortality among more intensive strategies (e.g., strategy 5: 60-day risk difference: 1.8%; 95% CI, 1.2% to 2.6%; 120-day risk difference: 4.3%; 95% CI, 2.2% to 6.8%). Less intensive strategies (2 and 3) demonstrated lower risks of all-cause mortality and infection-related events.

Conclusions
Among dialysis patients surviving 90 days, subsequent intravenous iron administration strategies promoting more intensive iron treatment at moderate-to-high iron indices levels are associated with higher risks of mortality and infection-related events.
Efficiency Enhancement of a Dual-axis Solar PV Panel Tracker Using Water-Flow Double Glazing Technique
Authors: Mohammed Farag Mahel , Mohammed Jamal Abdul-Kareem , Nouri Rasha Ali 
Published: April 2019

إنّ زاويةَ سقوط أشعةِ الشمس على سطحِ اللوح الشمسي ودرجة حرارته يُؤثّرانِ سلبياً على الطاقة الكهربائية للوح وكفاءته. أن مشكلة زاويةِ السقوط عادةً ما يتم حلها بإستخدام منظومة التتبع (المقتفي) الشمسي ذات المحورِين والذي يُبقي اللوح بشكل مستمر متعامد مع أشعةِ الشمس طِوال اليوم. هذا يُؤدّي إلى أقصى إمتصاصِ للإشعاعِ الشمسيِ والضروريِ لإنتاج الكميةِ القصوى مِن الطاقةِ وعند مستوىات عالية مِن الكفاءة الكهربائية. لحَلّ مشكلةَ الحرارة فقد تمّ استخدام تقنية الغرفة الزجاجية (المزججة) والتي يتدفقِ خلالها الماء بوصفها طريقة تبريد جديدةِ لتخفيض درجة حرارة اللوح. في هذه البحث، تمّ تصميم منظومِة التزجيج المقترحة بالتكامل مَع منظومة التتبع ثنائية المحاور واجريت التجارب المختبرية عليها لغرض تحسين كفاءةَ اللوح الشمسي، لاسيما في المناخِ الحارِ. نظام التزجيج المُقتَرَحِ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يُؤدّي وظيفتين بشكل آني، أولاً، يعَمَل أداة تبريد لتقليل الحرارةِ المَخْزُونة في داخل اللوح أثناء عَملها وثانياً مرشِحا بصريا للطيفِ الضوئي. تمّ حساب معاملات التصميمُ الأمثل وبمستويات مختلفة لقيم نظامِ التزجيج وفقاّ لطريقةِ تاكوتشي. تمّ تنفيذ تجارب الإختبارِ في مدينةِ بغداد في العشرين والحادي والعشرين مِنْ يوليو/تموز 2016 على منظومة التتبع في حالتين مع إستعمال مقترح منظومة التزجيج وبدونها. تبُين النتائِج المستحصلة بأنّ، درجةَ الحرارة اللوح الشمسي بإستعمال منظومة التزجيج هَبطت بشكل ملحوظ بمقدار 44% وزادت كفاءتها الكهربائية بحاولي36.6 % عند بالمقارنة مع المنظومة التقليدية عند قيمة اشعاع شمسي 1213 W/m2.
Influencia de los escenarios pedagógicos: aula de clase y laboratorio en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales
Authors: Cuaical Cuaical Diana Lucía , Cuesta Caicedo Diana Maribel 
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo de reflexión es resultado de un Trabajo de grado3realizado en colectivo y hace especial énfasis en la influencia que tienenlos escenarios pedagógicos en este caso: aula de clase y laboratorio ylas estrategias didáctico-pedagógicas empleadas por el docente para laenseñanza del área de Ciencias Naturales, esto con el propósito de comprendercomo las condiciones físico ambientales, organización y recursosdidácticos que presentan los escenarios pedagógicos facilitan el procesode enseñanza-aprendizaje del área en mención, para ello se empleó latécnica de observación directa que permitió caracterizar las aulas de clasey laboratorios, con respecto a las estrategias didáctico-pedagógicas seutilizó entrevista a docente y estudiantes, y guías de observación de clase.Así pues, este trabajo permite identificar que las características de lasaulas de clase y laboratorios influyen en el ambiente de aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales, en este sentido, el aula de clase al ser el espacioutilizado con mayor frecuencia para el desarrollo de las clases posibilitala aplicación de diversas estrategias de enseñanza, sin embargo, limita eldesarrollo de actividades experimentales. Por su parte, los laboratorioscuentan con las condiciones y recursos propicios para llevar a cabo estetipo de actividades, por ello es importante alternar el trabajo de aula haciendouso de los diferentes espacios con los que cuentan las InstitucionesEducativas, lo anterior con el fin de propender por diversidad de ambientesde aprendizaje que generen interés por parte de los estudiantes.
Microssonda eletrônica de elétrons U-Th-Pb e La-ICP-MS U-Pb datando de múltiplos eventos hidrotermais e metamórficos registrados em minerais de as albitites uraníferas da Lagoa Real (Brasil
Authors: CHAVES Alexandre De Oliveira , TUBRETT Michael , AVELAR Simone Cristina Pires , RIOS Francisco Javier , SGARBI Geraldo Norberto Chaves , NEVES José Marques Correia , ALVES James Vieira , FUZIKAWA Kazuo , MATOS Evandro Carele de , PRATES Sônia Pinto 
Published: April 2019

Os albititos uraníferos de Lagoa Real são rochas que passaram por várias modificações após a formação. A datação química U-Th-Pb por microssonda eletrônica e datação U-Pb por LAICP-MS dos minerais dos albititos revelaram cristalização e metamorfismo isoquímico do protólito (sienitos sódicos portadores de U) em cerca de 2,0-1,9 Ga durante as fases finais do evento orogênico Orosiriano, quando a primeira geração de uraninitas foi formada. Mobilizações múltiplas de urânio e chumbo promovidas por pelo menos cinco eventos hidrotermais (1,7 Ga, 1,5 Ga, 1,3 Ga, 1,1 Ga e 1,0 Ga) foram detectadas nos albititos. A provável formação de um segundo grupo de uraninitas e/ou o reajuste do relógio U-Pb das uraninitas mais antigas durante o evento orogênico Brasiliano (0,5 Ga) também ocorreram.
Geochemistry of the Lower Protezoroic Granulite-Facies Grant Syenite Gneiss, Barra Velha, Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil.
Authors: HARTMANN LÉO , BASEI MIGUEL , SIMAS MARGARETE 
Published: April 2019

A syenite body was discovered and studied in the Santa Catarina Granulitic Complex, close to the beaches of Grant and Barra Velha. The quarry, located on km·91 of BR-101 highway, was sampled for geochemical whole rock studies and also of its individual minerals. The syenite body is in structural and metamorphic equilibrium with the containing hypersthene-bearing tonalitic and basaltic granulites. Major, trace and rare-earth elements analyses on rock samples indicate syenitic to quartz dioritic compositions, saturated in alumina and silica. They have high contents of K, Na, Sr and Ba and low contents of Zr and Ti. Total REE is high in chondrite-normalized paterns and indicates strong fractionation of the light REE, similar to those for the Itiúba Syenite from Bahia State and for the Linden Syenite from Minnesota, USA. Overall geochemistry, on the other hand, is remarkably similar to the Archean Cléricy Pluton from Canada. The REE are strongly concentrated in allanite, clinopyroxene and sphene strongly. A Sm-Nd mineral isochron indicates metamorphic crystallization at ca. 2.2 Ga. The syenite is depleted in HFSE, and this may indicated a subduction-zone tectonic environment of generation of the magma. The foregoing results are based on 12 whole rock chemical analyses for major and some trace elements, three whole rock REE analyses, two electron microprobe analyses on each of seven minerals and Sm/Nd isotopic determinations on five minerals.