bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Study of Outcome and aPolipoproteins in Dementia (STOP-Dementia)
Authors: Ohtani Ryo , Nirengi Shinsuke , Nakamura Michikazu , Murase Nagako , Sainouchi Makoto , Kuwata Yasuhiro , Takata Masaki , Masuda Yuuichi , Kotani Kazuhiko , Sakane Naoki 
Published: September 2018

Background: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) containing apolipoprotein A-I is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). HDL particle size is modified in the presence of pathological conditions, while the significance of the HDL particle size remains controversial. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the HDL lipoprotein subclasses in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 20 AD patients, 17 MCI patients, and 17 age-matched controls without cognitive impairment, selected from the database of the Study of Outcome and aPolipoproteins in Dementia (STOP-Dementia) registry. The diagnoses of AD and MCI were performed by expert neurologists according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition criteria. Serum HDL subclasses were measured by electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins using the Lipoprint System. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a marker of inflammation, was calculated by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count. Results: Small-sized HDL particle levels in the MCI group were significantly higher than in the control group, although there was no difference in serum HDL-cholesterol levels between MCI and control groups. NLR in the MCI group was higher than in the control group, but this difference was non-significant ( p = 0.09). There was no difference in HDL subclasses or NLR between the AD and control groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that HDL subclasses might be associated with the development of MCI.
The In-Hospital Length of Stay after Hip Fracture in Octogenarians: Do Delirium and Dementia Shape a New Care Process?
Authors: Monacelli Fiammetta , Pizzonia Monica , Signori Alessio , Nencioni Alessio , Giannotti Chiara , Minaglia Cecilia , Granello di Casaleto Tommaso , Podestà Silvia , Santolini Federico , Odetti Patrizio 
Published: September 2018

Background: Hip fracture is a major health problem and a patient’s biological age, comorbidity, and cognitive vulnerability have an impact on its related outcomes. Length of stay (LOS) for these highly vulnerable patients is rather long and the possible causes have not been clearly identified yet. Objective: We aimed to assess the main clinical factors associated with protracted LOS, focusing on delirium with or without dementia in older age hip fractured patients. Methods: 218 subjects (mean age 86.70±6.18 years), admitted to the Orthogeriatric Unit of the Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (Italy), were recruited. All patients received physical and comprehensive geriatric assessment. Days to surgery, days from surgery to rehabilitation, and LOS were recorded. In-hospital and three months’ mortality were reported. Results: Prevalent delirium at hospital admission was of 3.1%. 35% of patients developed incident delirium. 56.4% were affected by dementia of Alzheimer-type. In addition, 52% of patients developed delirium superimposed to dementia. Mean LOS was 13.5±4.99 days. Namely, delirium, time to surgery, and complication rate disproportionally affected LOS. The analysis with 3 months mortality, based on cognitive vulnerability profiles, showed how delirium mainly affect short-term mortality in patients with dementia. Conclusion: Our exploratory study originally pointed out the high incidence of delirium superimposed to dementia in orthogeriatric wards and how delirium turns to be a moderator of LOS. The results meet the need for additional research by virtue of a deeper understanding of the impact of delirium and dementia on orthogeriatric clinical management and outcomes.
Association between Neuropsychiatric Improvement and Neurocognitive Change in Alzheimer’s Disease: Analysis of the CATIE-AD Study
Authors: Nagata Tomoyuki , Shinagawa Shunichiro , Nakajima Shinichiro , Mimura Masaru , Shigeta Masahiro 
Published: September 2018

Background/Objective: To assess associations between improvements in neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and neurocognitive change in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) during treatment using the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness–Alzheimer Disease (CATIE-AD) dataset. Methods: AD outpatients with NPS who needed pharmacological treatment ( n = 421) were followed up with antipsychotics, citalopram, or placebo for up to 36 weeks (mean±SD = 252±52 days). The study aim was to investigate associations between improvement in each NPS evaluating scale (by Clinical Global Impression of Change [CGI-C], Neuropsychiatric Inventory [NPI], or Brief Psychiatric Scale [BPRS]) at endpoint (week 36 or early termination [ET], n = 340) and neurocognitive change (change score in the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] between endpoint and baseline during the treatment). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed on the associations between each NPS improvement and neurocognitive change as well as socio-clinico-demographic variables of interest. Results: At endpoint, NPS improvement rates were 76.1%, 70.8%, and 58.1% in CGI-C, NPI, and BPRS, respectively, while MMSE score change was –2.3±3.8. NPS improvement was significantly related to more severe psychotic symptoms at baseline and preserved levels of neurocognition (smaller MMSE score change) among several variables. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that neurocognitive preservation may be associated with attaining optimal benefits from any treatment against NPSs in a longitudinal treatment course of patients with AD.
Preoperative Phosphorylated Tau Concentration in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Can Predict Cognitive Function Three Years after Shunt Surgery in Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Nakajima Madoka , Miyajima Masakazu , Ogino Ikuko , Akiba Chihiro , Kawamura Kaito , Kamohara Chihiro , Fusegi Keiko , Harada Yoshinao , Hara Takeshi , Sugano Hidenori , Tange Yuichi , Karagiozov Kostadin , Kasuga Kensaku , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Tokuda Takahiko , Arai Hajime 
Published: September 2018

Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is commonly treated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting. However, the long-term efficacy of shunt intervention in the presence of comorbid Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is debated. Objective: To identify AD-associated CSF biomarkers predictive of shunting surgery outcomes in patients with iNPH. Methods: Preoperative levels of total and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) were measured in 40 patients with iNPH divided into low (<30 pg/mL) and high (≥30 pg/mL) p-Tau groups and followed up for three years after lumboperitoneal shunting. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery, and iNPH Grading Scale scores were compared between the age-adjusted low ( n = 24; mean age 75.7 years [SD 5.3]) and high ( n = 11; mean age 76.0 years [SD 5.6]) p-Tau groups. Results: Cognitive function improved early in the low p-Tau group and was maintained thereafter ( p = 0.005). In contrast, the high p-Tau group showed a gradual decline to baseline levels by the third postoperative year ( p = 0.040). Although the p-Tau concentration did not correlate with the preoperative MMSE score, a negative correlation appeared and strengthened during follow-up (R2 = 0.352, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the low p-Tau group showed rapid and sustained mRS grade improvement, whereas mRS performance gradually declined in the high p-Tau group. Conclusions: Preoperative CSF p-Tau concentration predicted some aspects of cognitive function after shunt intervention in patients with iNPH. The therapeutic effects of shunt treatment were shorter-lasting in patients with coexisting AD pathology.
Sex and age are associated with the use of specific dietary supplements among people exercising in gyms: Cross-sectional analysis from Amman, Jordan
Authors: AbuMweis Suhad S. , Alatrash Razan M. , Tayyem Reema , Hammoudeh Ayman 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: People who engage in regular sport activities in commercial gyms usually consume dietary supplements without proper advice from health care professionals. Little is known about use of specific type of dietary supplements and factors associated with their use among people who exercise in gyms. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this research work were to assess the prevalence of dietary supplement intake among people exercising in gyms and its influencing factors, to evaluate the use of specific type of dietary supplements and its association with sex and age. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 22 gyms. Data were collected form 367 exercisers. Chi-square was used to study relationship between intake of dietary supplement and factors related to its use. RESULTS: The intake of dietary supplements was reported by 49% of the participants. The most frequent used supplements were: vitamin D (42%), protein powder (33.1%), vitamin B12 (30.4%), omega-3 (26.5%), vitamin C (26.0%), calcium (21.5%), iron (21.0%), branched chain amino acids (17.1%), vitamin E (16.1%), and multi- vitamins and minerals (16.0%). Age and self-perception of overall diet ( P = 0.026) were associated with the overall use of dietary supplements. Type of used supplements differed by sex and age groups. Males took protein powder ( P < 0.001), branched chain amino acids ( P < 0. 001), energy drinks ( P = 0.001), and Brewer’s yeast ( P = 0.02). Whereas, females consumed more antioxidants ( P = 0.036), vitamin D ( P < 0.001), calcium ( P = 0.001), and iron ( P = 0.002). Participants older than 40 years consumed more ( P < 0.05) vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, B-complex, vitamin B12, folic acid and calcium, and less protein powder ( P = 0.024) in comparison to youngers. CONCLUSION: More than 40% of people exercising in gyms reported using dietary supplements. The use of specific dietary supplements was associated with sex and age.
University Lebanese students are not immune to the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Haidar Suzan A. , Karavetian Mirey , Radwan Hadia , de Vries Nanne K. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: The Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disorder characterized by a cluster of symptoms, which increases risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence rate of the MetS and identify its predisposing risk factors in Lebanese university students. METHODS: Using two-stage sampling, 266 students were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional study at a local University. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical data and blood pressure were collected. Students filled out the following questionnaires: demographics, lifestyle habits, beverage consumption, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire. MetS was diagnosed based on the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS in the sample population was found to be 6.4%. Furthermore, 65% of the sample had low HDL-C levels (53.10±13.06 mg/dl) and approximately 52% had a high waist circumference (85.67±11.45 cm). Neither lifestyle habits, beverage consumption, physical activity level, sleep quality nor increased stress were associated with increased risk of developing MetS. Age was significantly associated with higher odds of developing the MetS (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03– 1.29). CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome is a cause of concern among Lebanese students, which highlights the need for prevention programs to decrease future health risks.
CFD Simulation Studies on Integrated Approach of Solar Chimney and Borehole Heat Exchanger for Building Space Conditioning
Authors: Lal Shiv , Kaushik Subhash Chand 
Published: September 2018

In this communication, integrated approach of solar chimney and borehole heat exchanger has been studied by using computational fluid dynamics software. It is observed that, the room temperature can be maintained at 25-30 °C, at 4.9 ACH with this integrated approach in both peak summer and winter conditions. The cooling and heating effects are evaluated as 4.73-5.55 kW at 40 °C in summer and 8.27-10.56 kW at 5 °C in winter. The SC-BHE integrated system approach produced 21-37 % higher heating effect than the BHE alone system. In cooling mode SC fitted after the room in fluid circuit and it produces the induce effect for air suction from BHE along the air blower. So, integrated approach is a feasible solution for building space conditioning.
Depletion of FeO in the Interstellar Medium via Its Anion Resonances
Authors: Chacko Roby , Banhatti Shreyak , Mane R. G. , Gupta A. K. , Aravind G. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Depletion of FeO in the interstellar medium through resonance states of FeO− was studied through collision-induced dissociation of FeO−. Collisional excitation of FeO− lead to the yield of Fe− and O−, with a higher yield for Fe−. The ground electronic state of FeO− was identified to be 6Δ state and the results are compared with previous theoretical and experimental results. The kinetic energy distributions of the fragments revealed two FeO− anion resonances accessed upon excitation and their potential energy curves were evaluated. The role of the observed resonances in the depletion of FeO and the viable presence of Fe− and O− in Sagittarius B2 are discussed.
Hydrodynamical Neutron-star Kicks in Electron-capture Supernovae and Implications for the CRAB Supernova
Authors: Gessner Alexandra , Janka Hans-Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Neutron stars (NSs) obtain kicks, typically of several 100 km s−1, at birth. The gravitational tugboat mechanism can explain these kicks as consequences of asymmetric mass ejection during the supernova (SN) explosion. Support for this hydrodynamic explanation is provided by observations of SN remnants with associated NSs, which confirm the prediction that the bulk of the explosion ejecta, particularly the chemical elements between silicon and the iron group, are dominantly expelled in the hemisphere opposite to the direction of the NS kick. Here, we present a large set of two- and three-dimensional explosion simulations of electron-capture SNe, considering explosion energies between ∼3 × 1049 erg and ∼1.6 × 1050 erg. We find that the fast acceleration of the SN shock in the steep density gradient delimiting the O–Ne–Mg core of the progenitor enables such a rapid expansion of neutrino-heated matter that the growth of neutrino-driven convection freezes out quickly in a high-mode spherical harmonics pattern. Because the corresponding momentum asymmetry of the ejecta is very small and the gravitational acceleration by the fast-expanding ejecta abates rapidly, the NS kick velocities are a few km s−1, at most. The extremely low core compactness of O–Ne–Mg-core progenitors therefore favors hydrodynamic NS kicks much below the ∼160 km s−1 measured for the Crab pulsar. This suggests either that the Crab Nebula is not the remnant of an electron-capture SN, but rather of a low-mass iron-core progenitor; or that the Crab pulsar was not accelerated by the gravitational tugboat mechanism, but instead received its kick by a non-hydrodynamic mechanism such as, e.g., anisotropic neutrino emission.
Ruprecht 106: A Riddle, Wrapped in a Mystery, inside an Enigma∗
Authors: Dotter Aaron , Milone Antonino P. , Conroy Charlie , Marino Anna F. , Sarajedini Ata 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Galactic globular clusters (GCs) show overwhelming photometric and spectroscopic evidence for the existence of multiple stellar populations. The question of whether or not there exists a GC that represents a true “simple stellar population” remains open. Here we focus on Ruprecht 106 (R106), a halo GC with [Fe/H] = −1.5 and [α/Fe] ≃0. A previous spectroscopic study found no sign of the Na–O anticorrelation among nine of its brightest red giants, which led to the conclusion that R106 is a true simple stellar population GC. Here we present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) photometry of R106 that, when combined with archival HST images spanning a 6 year baseline, allows us to create proper-motion cleaned color–magnitude diagrams spanning the ultraviolet (F336W) to the near-infrared (F814W). These data allow us to construct the pseudo-color

that is sensitive to the presence of light-element abundance spreads. We find no evidence of a split along the red giant branch (RGB) in the

diagram but the width of the RGB (

) is marginally broader than expected from artificial star tests (

). The observed spread in

is smaller than any other Galactic GC studied to date. Our results raise important questions about the role of formation environment and primordial chemical composition in the formation of multiple stellar populations in GCs.
Chronique des décisions de la Cour Interaméricaine des Droits de l’Homme (Novembre 2017 – Février 2018)
Authors: Ronderos Alejandro , Rodrigues Débora , Sánchez Emma-Luna , Gauchy Marine , Lamas Orane , Gorski. Sandro 
Published: September 2018

Très active dans son rôle de gardienne des droits fondamentaux, la Cour interaméricaine des Droits de l’Homme (Cour IADH) cherche à garantir l’effectivité de ces droits dans les États latino-américains depuis 1979. Sa ligne jurisprudentielle reflète cet engagement non seulement en raison du nombre d’arrêts rendus chaque année, mais également de la complexité des affaires analysées. La protection du droit à la participation politique, la liberté de pensée et d’expression tout comme le respect des garanties judiciaires et la protection judiciaire, nécessaires à l’effectivité des droits substantiels garantis par la Convention Américaine des Droits de l’homme, ne sont que quelques exemples de l’action remarquable de la Cour IADH. Après analyse des affaires portées devant elle, il est possible de souligner l’importance des atteintes aux droits dits « de première génération », majoritairement imputables aux instabilités politiques et aux transitions démocratiques difficiles des pays concernés. Si les décisions de la Cour ne sont pas contraignantes, il ne faut néanmoins pas négliger leur capacité de sensibilisation de l’opinion publique et de la communauté internationale. À l’heure actuelle, la pérennité d’une institution comme la Cour IADH semble vitale aux citoyens des pays latino-américains en ce qu’elle constitue le dernier rempart garantissant la justiciabilité et l’effectivité de leurs droits.La Convention américaine des droits de l’Homme (CADH) a vu le jour en 1969 avec le Pacte de San José (Costa Rica). En 1979, la Cour Interaméricaine des Droits de l’Homme (Cour IADH) fut officiellement instituée afin de veiller au respect de la convention. La Cour dispose d’une fonction contentieuse, mais également d’une fonction consultative qui lui permet d’éclairer les États parties sur l’interprétation à donner aux articles de la convention.
IL-33 Upregulates Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Type 1 Expression in Human Peripheral Blood CD4+ T Lymphocytes
Authors: Boudaud Marie , Turcotte Sylvie , Stankova Jana , Rola-Pleszczynski Marek 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
IL-33 and cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are key components of asthma pathogenesis, and both contribute to the initiation and maintenance of the type 2 inflammatory environment. However, little is known about the potential interactions between the two mediators. In this work, we aimed at studying the regulation of expression of the cysLT receptors CysLT1 and CysLT2 by IL-33 in human PBLs. Our results show that the IL-33/ST2L axis increases CysLT1 but not CysLT2 expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in PBLs. IL-33–induced CysLT1 upregulation was observed at the protein but not at the mRNA level and was accompanied by an increase in LTD4-induced calcium mobilization and migration of CD4+ T lymphocytes. We also show that purified naive CD4+ T lymphocytes expressed ST2L and responded to IL-33 in the absence of Ag or TCR stimulation, suggesting a mechanism independent of Ag presentation. These results contribute to expanding our knowledge in the field of IL-33 by proposing a new mode of action of the cytokine on T cells and by extending its role to the regulation of naive T cell trafficking, therefore reinforcing its interest as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma.
A floristic comparison of three Northern Coastal Forests differing in disturbance history
Authors: Kambaj Olivier K. , Naidoo Sershen , Govender Yanadayalan , Ramdhani Syd 
Published: September 2018

Background: The impacts of disturbance history on the floristics of Northern Coastal Forest (NCF; South Africa) are unknown.Objectives: This study compared the floristics of three remnant patches of NCF (in KwaZulu-Natal) with contrasting disturbance histories: a primary forest with low levels of disturbance (Hawaan), a primary forest with high levels of disturbance (Umdoni) and a secondary forest (Twinstreams) that was rehabilitated with presently low disturbance levels.Method: Transects and quadrats were used to assess species composition and diversity at each site.Results: Collectively, 688 species, 400 genera and 113 families were found, but only 21.95% of the species were shared by the three forests. The most speciose families were Fabaceae Asteraceae Rubiaceae. The species richness was highest at the disturbed primary forest and notably lower at the primary forest. Diversity indices exhibited a similar trend. Cluster analyses and ordinations indicated that the secondary forest was intermediate between the two primary forests, with the disturbed primary forest and secondary forest being more similar.Conclusion: The disturbed and secondary forests maintained a NCF floristic affinity. The dissimilarity between Hawaan and other forests is most likely the product of differing disturbance histories and rehabilitation efforts. The findings suggested that NCF patches are likely to be different in richness, but not in structure and affinity. Anthropogenic related pressures and disturbance appear to be major causes of floristic differences amongst patches. This leads to higher levels of richness by accommodating opportunistic, atypical and alien species, and possibly the creation of novel NCF types.