bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Right Atrial Septal In Situ Microthrombus: A Potential Novel Cause of Patent Foramen Ovale‐Associated Stroke
Authors: Zhu Jianbo , Chen Anni , Zhu Lei , Li Yun , Jiang Zhenzhen , Ni Dijia , Zheng Yuanyuan , Liu Xiatian 
Published: November 2024

Background
Patent foramen ovale (PFO)‐associated stroke has a complex and diverse pathogenesis. It mainly results from a paradoxical embolism caused by venous thrombosis. However, few studies have investigated the presence of an in situ thrombus in the right atrium. Transesophageal echocardiography can effectively detect right atrial septal in situ microthrombus. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between a right atrial septal in situ microthrombus and PFO‐associated stroke and further dissect the pathophysiological basis of microthrombus formation.

Methods and Results

Between April 2022 and October 2023, we prospectively investigated 466 patients who visited our hospital for transesophageal echocardiography with a high clinical suspicion of PFO. Right atrial septal in situ microthrombus was detected in 34 patients (7%), and 23 of them were examined. The microthrombus disappeared in 13 patients and decreased in 7; PFO recanalization and anatomical variations were observed in 2 and 1 patient, respectively. The incidence of index stroke was higher in the microthrombus group than in the nonmicrothrombus group (76.47% versus 61.11%). Univariate and multivariable (adjusted) analyses revealed PFO as an independent risk factor for right atrial septal in situ microthrombus formation (odds ratio, 3.29 [95% CI, 1.49–7.26];
P
=0.003).

Conclusions
Transesophageal echocardiography effectively detects right atrial septal in situ microthrombus. A PFO may promote the formation of right atrial septal in situ microthrombus. Right atrial septal in situ microthrombus significantly increases the risk of PFO‐associated stroke. This finding may be crucial in disease management strategies for patients with PFO.
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Phrase Structure and Subject Island Violations
Authors: Matchin William , Almeida Diogo , Hickok Gregory , Sprouse Jon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In principle, functional neuroimaging provides uniquely informative data in addressing linguistic questions, because it can indicate distinct processes that are not apparent from behavioral data alone. This could involve adjudicating the source of unacceptability via the different patterns of elicited brain responses to different ungrammatical sentence types. However, it is difficult to interpret brain activations to syntactic violations. Such responses could reflect processes that have nothing intrinsically related to linguistic representations, such as domain-general executive function abilities. To facilitate the potential use of functional neuroimaging methods to identify the source of different syntactic violations, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to identify the brain activation maps associated with two distinct syntactic violation types: phrase structure (created by inverting the order of two adjacent words within a sentence) and subject islands (created by extracting a wh-phrase out of an embedded subject). The comparison of these violations to control sentences surprisingly showed no indication of a generalized violation response, with almost completely divergent activation patterns. Phrase structure violations seemingly activated regions previously implicated in verbal working memory and structural complexity in sentence processing, whereas the subject islands appeared to activate regions previously implicated in conceptual-semantic processing, broadly defined. We review our findings in the context of previous research on syntactic and semantic violations using ERPs. Although our results suggest potentially distinct underlying mechanisms underlying phrase structure and subject island violations, our results are tentative and suggest important methodological considerations for future research in this area.
Displacing the Constitution: Modernity, Sovereignty and Crisis in Interwar Romania
Authors: Cercel Cosmin Sebastian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
By a legal historical analysis of the context of the interwar period, it seeks to uncover the ideological infrastructure subjacent to the constitutional project of the interwar period, placing Romanian constitutional thought and practice in a proper international context. By tracing the changes within the practice of emergency and the shifting status of sovereign power within the years following the institution of the Constitution of 1923, it moves towards examining the affirmation of authoritarian features of unbound state power in the Constitution of 1938, the first dictatorial constitution in Romanian modernity.
Imaginary of Post-National European Constitutionalism: Lessons from Central European Philosophy, Sociology and Jurisprudence
Authors: Přibáň Jiří 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The article focuses on the paradoxes of constitutional identity and the impact of constitutional sovereignty on post-sovereign European society and politics. It uses post-1989 constitutional and social transformations in Central European countries, the rise of constitutional populism and identitarian politics to argue that the nation state continues to operate through the principle of constitutional sovereignty even in the EU’s post-sovereign constitutional constellation. It thus proves that democratic politics is identity politics even in post-sovereign and post-national politics and the EU’s supranational organisation has to respond to the constitutional and political identity question through its own structures and semantics. The central argument, therefore, revisits classic notions of social and constitutional theory such as the distinctions between community and society, ethnos and demos or authenticity and alienation to outline the persistence of nationalism and its varieties in contemporary constitutional populism in Central Europe. While recognising that the nation state continues to be the only organisation to successfully combine rational efficiency and communal bonds constituted by the national identity, the EU’s response to the challenges of constitutional populism and nationalism needs to enhance its democratic legitimation and constitutionally integrate the imaginaries of European public spheres and demoicracy to promote an anti-explosive alternative to the explosive nationalist imaginaries.
The Essence of the Right to Property under Art 1 of Protocol 1 to the echr: An Inviolable Core or a Purely Symbolic Concept? Cases from Central and Eastern Europe revisited
Authors: Harzl Benedikt C. , Mickonytė Aistė 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is inherent to the fundamental right to property that far from being absolute, the owners’ rights may be limited in the general interest. As exemplified recently by unprecedented closures of restaurants and other businesses due to the covid-19 pandemic, also large-scale and far-reaching limitations are broadly deemed justified. The outer boundary of these limitations appears to be the essence of the right, which may not be impinged upon. Yet, both this very term and its scope are fiercely contested. This article, thus, revisits the “essence” of a fundamental right in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights. Drawing on the example of the right to property under Art 1 of Protocol 1 (P1-1) to the echr, this contribution expounds the prevailing approaches to the essence of fundamental rights and highlights the discrepancies between the formally adopted absolute approach to the essence as a purportedly inviolable core and the relative understanding of this concept which sees it as part of the fair-balance test. As the ECtHR case law makes room for virtually any interference with P1-1 including expropriation without any compensation, it will be argued that an untouchable or pre-established essence is not a concept attributable to the right to property under the Convention. It is maintained, however, that the limited scope of the essence is consistent with the underlying principles of the Convention as well as the intrinsic social function of private property.
Effective Judicial Protection of EU Law and Romanian Courts: Winding Through Res Judicata and State Liability
Authors: Tănăsescu Elena Simina , Pintilie Constantin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Effective judicial protection of EU law is a tool that has been devised by the case law of the ecj and then codified into EU treaties, but matching judicial remedies are still sought, both at supranational and at national level. While State liability enjoys the favors of the ecj at supranational level, some Member States have conceived special remedies that go as far as to challenge res judicata in order to protect substantive rights conferred to individuals by EU law. This paper presents the special remedy created by Romanian law, which allows re-opening of final court decisions if primacy of EU law has been disregarded, as examined by the ecj. It is our conclusion that, in the absence of legal harmonization in the area of procedural law, res judicata remains a powerful tool in the hands of national courts and the effective protection of EU substantive rights is still in search of a remedy more efficient than the theoretical state liability.
The Influence of the European Court of Justice and the Role of Social Imaginaries in EU Governance
Authors: Agha Petr 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The years following 1989 marked a significant period of transformation for the European Union (EU), supplemented with the arrival of a distinct institutional framework. Central to this evolution is the European Court of Justice (ecj), which has exerted momentous influence, reshaping the power dynamics within the EU. This paper investigates influence of the ecj in helping to set up a novel trajectory of the European project, namely the shift towards what is termed “liberal constitutionalism,” characterized by a top-down, legal-centric approach. Amidst this evolution, the concept of populism emerges not only as a significant political force challenging established norms, reflecting tensions between institutional frameworks and socio-political realities, but also as conceptual lens through which the mainstream academia and European institution explain the challenges the European project has been facing. The dichotomy between established governance systems, such as the rule of law and emergent discontent, most commonly referred to as populism gave birth to the notion of “anti-populism” as a way to counteract the populist challenges to the European project. Furthermore, it studies the role of emergencies in perpetuating the status quo within EU governance, highlighting how crises are employed to justify executive overreach. To this end, this paper delves into three intertwined social imaginaries that emerged from the discourse surrounding post-1989 transformations. The first imaginary, “Western normality,” influenced the trajectory of cee societies post-Iron Curtain. The second, termed “expertocracy,” championed a procedural approach to decision-making, prioritizing experts over mass democracy. Finally, the concept of the “politics of emergency” arose as a tool to surpass the post- political landscape within the EU. These constructs significantly impact how the rule of law (rol) is perceived, applied, and contested.
Evolution of Kenyan Citizenship Regime: Pre- and Post-2010 Eras
Authors: Kenyatta Gloria N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Debates on citizenship are never conclusive as this is an evolving idea and practice. Formal citizenship in Kenya has its genesis prior to independence when the country was drafting its 1963 Independence Constitution. Before then, most Kenyans were considered subjects by the colonial administration, governed by a racialised hierarchical colonial order. This phenomenon changed in postcolonial Kenya as the nation’s primary focus was on eliminating these racial hierarchies to include those previously excluded as citizens. However, some of the statutory provisions on citizenship were contentious as they promoted discrimination and inequalities. The endorsement of Kenya’s new constitution in 2010 is termed transformative as it addresses the controversial provisions on citizenship. Through secondary source research, this paper aims to trace the development of formal citizenship in Kenya from colonial times to date and maps out the milestones made over time and space in citizenship on its acquisition, duality and statelessness.
The Brutalization of Diplomacy?
Authors: Lafont Rapnouil Manuel 
Published: November 2024

Summary
It may be that diplomacy is not just meeting with a more difficult international system, but that it is actually under deliberate attack. Diplomatic communication is turning conflictual. More diplomats seem to be declared personæ non gratæ. Multilateral institutions are plunged into deliberate deadlocks. Manipulations of information hollow out the diplomatic debate. Diplomatic processes are set up only to provide cover for the pursuit of military operations. In a nutshell, diplomacy has to put up with a more competitive, transactional, distrustful, fragmented and contested space. While it has been defined as ‘the management of separateness’, it may be faced with actors who are choosing radical separation as a political strategy. To deal with this deliberate ‘brutalization’, diplomacy will need hardened capabilities, but it will also need to reinvest in a number of policy issues on which it will need to perform better.
Systematic Upstream Large-Scale Control of Subtropical Low-Cloud Properties
Authors: Lewis Hamish , Bellon Gilles 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It has recently been shown that the slow adjustment of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) to perturbations of the large-scale atmospheric conditions translates into an upstream control of the low-cloud cover (LCC) variability at climatological time scales in the subtropics. In this study, we expand upon this recent study to investigate upstream control of the climatology of low-cloud-radiative effect (CRE), as well as cloud properties relevant to their radiative effect: cloud liquid water path (LWP) and cloud optical depth (COD). We use machine learning statistical models with feature selection capabilities (random forests) to determine the influence of the local and upstream large-scale conditions in monthly data. These conditions are determined using backtrajectories in monthly mean wind fields. Total CRE, dominated by the shortwave contribution, exhibits a dependence on upstream estimated inversion strength (EIS), but not on upstream sea surface temperature (SST) as LCC does. Upstream control of COD was present but was not as consistent as LCC or CRE across different regions and cloud regimes, while LWP does not exhibit strong upstream control at all. This implies that the control of other boundary layer properties could explain the differences in response between LCC and CRE to SST and EIS. Looking at five subtropical eastern basins, it appears that key lead times are region specific. The inclusion of upstream control provides significant improvements to the predictive skill of statistical models over local linear regression, with improvements in variance explained well over 20% in many cases.
Do We Contribute to Women's Empowerment? Insights From a Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Project Implemented in Nong, Laos
Authors: Gerber Manon , Bon Daniëlle M. , Bouahom Bounthanom , Broerse Jacqueline E.W. , Essink Dirk 
Published: November 2024

Background The gender-gap in power is still persistent around the globe. Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture (NSA) interventions have been implemented to increase women's empowerment as a goal in itself, and as a pathway to food and nutrition security (FNS). However, contradicting evidence exists on whether the interventions, besides food security, realize women's empowerment. Furthermore, the concept of women's empowerment has different meanings across different cultures, regions, and countries. Objective To assess the understanding of, and perspectives on, women's empowerment among different stakeholders in the context of an NSA project in Laos, and to assess whether this project contributes to women's empowerment and FNS. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with local implementers of NSA interventions (n = 13) and senior program managers and advisors (n = 5). Six focus group discussions were conducted with community members (n = 46). Results Our findings reveal that community members had a materialistic understanding and local implementers an instrumental understanding, in contrast to senior program managers and advisors, who had an egalitarian understanding of women's empowerment. The level of women's empowerment in Nong was considered low by all respondents. Furthermore, respondents reported that the NSA interventions had a positive impact on FNS, but not on women's empowerment. Conclusions In a community in which both women's empowerment and FNS are low, working with women may contribute to FNS, but not necessarily contribute to women's empowerment. Nevertheless, from an emic perspective, women do feel more empowered as the interventions contributed to increased household capacity to address FNS. Does our project lead to having enough food and improved women’s status in communities living in rural, mountainous areas in Laos?
Comparative Efficacy of Family-Mediated Intervention Versus Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention on Developmental Domains in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ranjan Rajeev , Jain Meha , Sinha Muskan , Kumar Pankaj , Ahmad Shamshad , Maharshi Vikas 
Published: November 2024

Background: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood in which there is a deficit in social and communicative skill, and the child shows restricted and repetitive behavior. For children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, family-mediated intervention and early intensive behavioral intervention are considered standard of care. The study aimed to compare their efficacy on social skills and other developmental domains in our cultural context. Methods: This study was a parallel-arm, open-label, randomized active-controlled clinical trial. Fifty children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were randomly assigned to either the family-mediated intervention or early intensive behavioral intervention groups. Communication DEALL Developmental Checklist was applied at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. Results: The difference in the mean value of Communication DEALL Developmental Checklist at the end of 24 weeks from the initial value was significantly better in the family-mediated intervention as compared to the early intensive behavioral intervention group in social (mean difference = −16.8, 95% CI = −27.18, −6.49, p = .002) as well as fine motor, cognitive, and overall development. In other developmental domains of Communication DEALL Developmental Checklist, the family-mediated intervention group performed better in comparison to the early intensive behavioral intervention group at different time periods although not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that, throughout the course of 24 weeks of treatment, autism spectrum disorder children in family-mediated intervention showed a distinct improvement in major developmental domains. Family-mediated intervention can be advocated for autism spectrum disorder children in our cultural context in view of improved functioning in major developmental domains in the background of our study findings.
Risk factors and prognosis of depression in Takayasu arteritis patients
Authors: Zhang Yaxin , Fan Anyuyang , Du Juan , Shi Xuemei , Yang Shiyu , Gao Na , Pan Lili , Li Taotao 
Published: November 2024

Background: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is associated with an increased risk of developing complicated comorbidities, which can bring both psychological and physical burdens to the patients. Objective: TA is found to carry a high risk of developing depression. This research aimed to investigate the risk factors and prognosis of depression in TA patients. Design: A longitudinal observation cohort was conducted on TA patients with or without depression to explore the clinical characteristics. Methods: In this cohort study, 90 TA patients were split into two groups with or without depression. Depression was evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in TA patients. TA patients with depression were followed up for at least 3 months. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to find the risk factors and Kaplan–Meier curve analysis to determine the prognosis. Results: We concluded 90 TA patients in this research, 29 of whom were in depression. Indian Takayasu’s Arteritis Activity Score (ITAS2010) ⩾2 (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, CI) 26.664 (2.004–354.741), p = 0.013), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (OR (95% CI) 1.070 (1.022–1.121), p = 0.004), prednisone equivalents (OR (95% CI) 1.101 (1.030–1.177), p = 0.005), and carotidynia (OR (95% CI) 5.829 (1.142–29.751), p = 0.034) have been shown independent risk factors for depression in TA patients. We also identified the association between disease remission with the improvement of HADS-D score (Log-rank p = 0.005, hazard ratio (HR) 0.25) and depression (Log-rank p = 0.043, HR 0.28). Conclusion: Aggressive treatment to achieve remission can promote improvement of depression in patients with TA. Screening for depression should also be performed in patients with elevated disease activity, IL-6, glucocorticoid use, and carotidynia.