bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemically Produced Singlet Oxygen: Applications and Perspectives
Authors: Pibiri Ivana , Buscemi Silvestre , Palumbo Piccionello Antonio , Pace Andrea 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis Review aims to provide early stage researchers with an updated guide to applications of photochemically produced singlet oxygen and, at the same time, widen the experienced researcher's perspectives in a holistic approach to singlet oxygen chemistry. Without being exhaustive, literature between 2010 and early 2018 has been surveyed by focusing on a critical evaluation of new knowledge and applications. After an introductory section concerning singlet oxygen production, detection, and interactions with biological systems, subsequent sections describe current applications of singlet‐oxygen‐enabled technology. Besides strictly chemical synthesis applications, attention has been given to the usage of singlet oxygen in photochemically assisted therapies as well as in environmental remediation. Additionally, the potential of expanding singlet oxygen chemistry to unexplored fields has been discussed.
Nanocrystalline H‐RTH Zeolite: An Efficient Catalyst for the Low‐Temperature Dehydration of Ethanol to Ethene
Authors: Lee Jeong Hwan , Lee Sujin , Hong Suk Bong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe low‐temperature dehydration of bioethanol is an environmentally benign route to ethene production. Here we compare the catalytic properties of a series of cage‐based small‐pore zeolites with different framework structures, acid strengths, and/or crystallite sizes for ethanol dehydration at 200 °C under wet conditions (H2O/EtOH=0.2). Among the zeolites studied here, nanocrystalline H‐RTH was found to be considerably more effective than H‐mordenite, the best catalyst for this reaction known to date, which can be rationalized by product shape selectivity. Whereas the acidity of this zeolite also plays a crucial role in selectively forming ethene, its nanocrystallinity is primarily responsible for the observed high catalyst durability.
Low‐power, latch‐based multistage time‐to‐digital converter in 65 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Razmdideh Ramin , Saneei Mohsen 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a low‐power and high‐resolution latch‐based time‐to‐digital converter (TDC) based on a multistage scheme is proposed. The proposed multistage TDC includes coarse, middle, and fine stages. The coarse stage is a new design of the flash TDC that is implemented by latches without using the delay cell. Also, the middle stage is a new design of the Vernier TDC with employed latches. The fine stage comprises parallel latches with different input loads.
Adaptive hysteresis band current control‐based power conditioner to improve the power quality of V/V railway supply system
Authors: Beirami Amin , Feshki Farahani Hassan 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWith rapid development of high‐speed and high‐power railway systems, power quality problems such as negative sequence current, reactive power, and harmonic current caused by electric locomotives become more and more critical. Recently, a new low‐cost railway power conditioner has been proposed to solve the power quality problems in traction substations based on a half bridge converter. In this paper, an adaptive hysteresis current controller is presented to limit switching frequency variations in the half bridge converter‐based railway power compensators (HB‐RPC). Adaptive hysteresis current controller instantaneously calculates the hysteresis bandwidth which results in smoother and more constant switching frequency. In order to maintain the normal operation of HB‐RPC, compensation reference currents are extracted by considering DC‐link stabilization energy, DC‐link capacitors voltage balance, and instantaneous power theory. Also, a dynamic reference design approach has been used to regulate the DC‐link capacitor voltage. Finally, the simulation results in MATLAB\Simulink software have effectively verified the proposed control method.
Efficient network coding techniques for time constrained multicast narrowband power line communications
Authors: Chiti Francesco , Fantacci Romano , Tani Andrea 
Published: May 2018

SummaryNowadays, power line communication (PLC) technology is receiving a renewed attention in many application fields. In particular, PLC is quite attractive for what concerns novel paradigms as smart microgrid systems and smart buildings. This paper deals with a proposal of a PLC scheme that efficiently allows multicast services based on the use of an efficient network coding (NC) scheme. Furthermore, an analytical approach is outlined to pursue the performance optimization of the proposed solution. Finally, the good behavior of the proposed NC approach is highlighted by presenting performance comparisons with the classical NC alternative.
Incremental benefit of drug therapies for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Komajda Michel , Böhm Michael , Borer Jeffrey S. , Ford Ian , Tavazzi Luigi , Pannaux Matthieu , Swedberg Karl 
Published: May 2018

AimsA network meta‐analysis (NMA) of all recommended drug groups for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), including their combinations, was performed to assess the relative efficacy and incremental benefit.Methods and results.A search was made in biomedical databases for randomized controlled trials published between 1987 and 2017 on angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), beta‐blockers (BBs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), ivabradine (IVA), or angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI). A total of 58 relevant trials were identified. The relative efficacy of each treatment group (or combination) in terms of all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, all‐cause hospitalizations and hospitalizations for heart failure, per patient‐year of follow‐up, were combined in a random‐effects Bayesian NMA. The pairwise comparison between each regimen and for each outcome was estimated. The NMA was dominated by 15 large‐scale trials with between 1984 and 18 898 patient‐years of follow‐up. Combinations of drug groups showed incremental benefits on outcomes over single groups. The most effective combinations were ARNI+BB + MRA and ACEI+BB + MRA + IVA, showing reductions in all‐cause mortality (vs. placebo) of 62% and 59%, respectively; hazard ratios were 0.38 [credible interval (CrI) 0.20–0.65] and 0.41 (CrI 0.21–0.70); and in all‐cause hospitalizations with reductions of 42% for both. These two combinations were also the most effective for the other outcomes studied.ConclusionOur analysis shows that the incremental use of combinations of disease‐modifying therapies has resulted in the progressive improvement in mortality and hospitalization outcomes in HFrEF. Our findings support the current guideline recommendations.
Rocking amplification and strong‐motion duration
Authors: Giouvanidis Anastasios I. , Dimitrakopoulos Elias G. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper characterizes the ability of natural ground motions to induce rocking demands on rigid structures. In particular, focusing on rocking blocks of different size and slenderness subjected to a large number of historic earthquake records, the study unveils the predominant importance of the strong‐motion duration to rocking amplification (ie, peak rocking response without overturning). It proposes original dimensionless intensity measures (IMs), which capture the total duration (or total impulse accordingly) of the time intervals during which the ground motion is capable of triggering rocking motion. The results show that the proposed duration‐based IMs outperform all other examined (intensity, frequency, duration, and/or energy‐based) scalar IMs in terms of both “efficiency” and “sufficiency.” Further, the pertinent probabilistic seismic demand models offer a prediction of the peak rocking demand, which is adequately “universal” and of satisfactory accuracy. Lastly, the analysis shows that an IM that “efficiently” captures rocking amplification is not necessarily an “efficient” IM for predicting rocking overturning, which is dominated by the velocity characteristics (eg, peak velocity) of the ground motion.
Tide‐induced bedload transport pathways in a multiple‐sand‐ridge system offshore of Hainan Island in the Beibu Gulf, northwest South China Sea
Authors: Ma Xiaochuan , Li Jinyuan , Yan Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractModern sand transport pathways in a multiple‐sand‐ridge system are elusive and have rarely been studied in recent years. We report herein a field with four en echelon linear sand ridges offshore of Hainan Island in the Beibu Gulf and describe the distribution and morphology of these sand ridges in detail for the first time. Dune crest comparisons and seismic profiles are also interpreted to assess sand transport over the dunes. Based on a Delft 3D model, regional tidal currents and tide‐induced bedload transport in the multiple‐sand‐ridge system were simulated to provide insights into the related bedload transport paths. The results show that bedload transport and residual flows are mostly directed to the south on the east side of the sand ridges and to the north on the west side, and these differences coincide with dune asymmetries and migrations. Cross‐ridge transport is weak and mostly converges on the crests of sand ridges from the two flanks. The bedload transport is unbalanced on either flank of the sand ridges, thus leading to the asymmetry and crest kinks of the sand ridges. A distinct correlation is not observed between the net cross‐ridge sand transport and sand ridge asymmetry. In this system, cross‐swale transport is significant between the neighboring sand ridges and helps construct the bedload transport circulation in the swales. Sand accretion also occurs in the swales and benefits from the southwestward bedload transport from the north end of sand ridge 3. Distinct evidence has not been found for closed bedload transport circulation around sand ridges in this multiple‐sand‐ridge system, although limited clockwise current vortices develop on several sand ridges. Additional field observations and simulations are required to characterize the suspended load transport in a multiple‐sand‐ridge system, and the effects of local sand supply conditions on sand transport also need further evaluation. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Going against the flow: Testing the hypothesis of pulsed axial glacier flow
Authors: Swift Darrel A. , Jones Andrew H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHypothesised lobe‐like flow of a temperate glacier in southeast Iceland, proposed from an analysis of ice surface crevassing patterns, is appraised from both empirical and theoretical perspectives. The hypothesis comprises the migration of individual lobes (or ‘pulses’) of ice through the glacier body, with central lobes migrating more rapidly along a narrow, central, ‘axial flow corridor’. Our alternative hypothesis is that crevasse patterns at this glacier reflect simple surface ice responses to stresses caused by flow over uneven bed topography. To substantiate our rejection of the lobe‐like, pulsed axial flow hypothesis, we provide: (a) evidence for a prominent transverse foliation that exhibits no evidence of shear of the required magnitude to support the hypothesis; and (b) an analysis of ice surface displacement, obtained by feature tracking, that shows a uniform flow field throughout the glacier tongue. We argue that caution needs to be exercised when interpreting glacier flow solely from crevasse patterns and observations of minor displacements along near‐surface fractures and other features. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Dust on a Hawaiian volcano: A regional model using field measurements to estimate transport and deposition
Authors: Douglas Madison M. , Stock Jonathan D. , Bishaw Kai'ena , Cerovski‐Darriau Corina , Bedford David R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe western slopes of Hawaii's Mauna Kea volcano are mantled by fine‐grained soils, the record of volcanic airfall and eolian deposition. Where exposed, strong winds transport this sediment across West Hawaii, affecting tourism and local communities with decreased air and water quality. Operations on US Army's Ke'amuku Maneuver Area (KMA) have the potential to increase dust flux from these deposits. The USGS established 18 ground monitoring sites and sampling locations surrounding KMA. For over 3 years, each station measured vertical and horizontal dust flux, while co‐located anemometers measured wind speed and direction. We used these datasets to develop a parsimonious regional model for dust supply and transport to assess whether KMA is a net dust sink or source.We found that dust transport is most highly correlated with threshold wind speeds of 8 m/s. We used this value as the regional average threshold wind speed for dust entrainment. Using a model that partitions measured horizontal dust flux into inward‐ and outward‐directed components, we estimate that KMA is currently a net dust sink. Geochemical analysis of dust samples illustrates that local organics and carbonate make up 64% of dust mass, the remainder being volcanic silt and fine sand. Measured vertical dust deposition rates of 0.006 mm/yr are similar to 0.004 mm/yr of deposition predicted from taking the divergence of dust across KMA's boundary. These rates are low compared with pre‐historic rates of ~0.2–0.3 mm/yr, from radiocarbon dating of buried soils.KMA's soils record persistent deposition over millennia, at rates that imply episodic dust storms. Such events created a soil‐mantled landscape in the middle of a largely Pleistocene rocky landscape. A substantial portion of fine‐grained soils in other leeward Hawaiian Island landscapes may have formed from similar eolian deposition, and not direct weathering of parent rock. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Direct Hybridization of Polymer Exchange Membrane Surface Fuel Cell with Small Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Ait Hammou Taleb S. , Brown D. , Dillet J. , Guillemet P. , Mainka J. , Crosnier O. , Douard C. , Athouël L. , Brousse T. , Lottin O. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe high power density of polymer exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and hydrogen storage may be significantly hampered by the size and weight of the ancillaries needed to control air and hydrogen flow rates and humidity. In order to overcome these difficulties, a variety of research has been carried out on the development of hybrid systems based on supercapacitors or batteries, which raises questions about the best architectures and control strategies and may, if not well mastered, enhance the complexity of the entire system. In this study, we focus on the direct hybridization of PEMFC and supercapacitors (SCs) – using one unit per cell – with the ultimate objective of inserting flat aqueous carbon/carbon SCs within a fuel cell stack. This first experimental work shows that a minimum capacity of about 1 F cm−2 (with reference to the PEMFC active surface) and a maximum series resistance of about 0.5 Ω are sufficient to back up the cell during load variations, such as a sudden increase in the current density: this makes it possible to always supply the fuel cell with the right amount of gas without anticipating current peaks or load transients. Flat supercapacitors were also designed, manufactured and tested during this project; they performed better than commercially available cylindrical supercapacitors of identical capacity, because of a lower series resistance.
Outdoor Measurement and Modeling of Perovskite Module Temperatures
Authors: Gehlhaar Robert , Merckx Tamara , Qiu Weiming , Aernouts Tom 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhotovoltaic cells and modules are exposed to partially rapid changing environmental parameters that influence the device temperature. The evolution of the device temperature of a perovskite module of 225 cm2 area is presented during a period of 25 days under central European conditions. The temperature of the glass–glass packaged perovskite solar module is directly measured at the back contact by a thermocouple. The device is exposed to ambient temperatures from 3 to 34 °C up to solar irradiation levels exceeding 1300 W m−2. The highest recorded module temperature is 61 °C under constant high irradiation levels. Under strong fluctuations of the global solar irradiance, temperature gradients of more than 3 K min−1 with total changes of more than 20 K are measured. Based on the experimental data, a dynamic iterative model is developed for the module temperature evolution in dependence on ambient temperature and solar irradiation. Furthermore, specific thermal device properties that enable an extrapolation of the module response beyond the measured parameter space can be determined. With this set of parameters, it can be predicted that the temperature of the perovskite layer in thin‐film photovoltaic devices is exceeding 70 °C under realistic outdoor conditions. Additionally, perovskite module temperatures can be calculated in final applications.
Palaeolithic occupation of the Anatolian High Plateau during a cold period: An MIS 6 aged artifact from the Avlamış Valley, Eskişehir, NW Turkey
Authors: Ocakoğlu Faruk , Dinçer Berkay , Akkiraz Mehmet Serkan , Şahiner Eren , Brook George A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the Avlamış Valley, 10 km north of Eskişehir (NW Anatolia), an undamaged triangular Levallois flake was encountered in a paleosol, 430 cm beneath the ground surface. The artifact has a minimal dorsal retouch on the right margin, and there is a light beige partial patina on the ventral surface. Based on the technological investigations, this artifact was made using the centripetal recurrent Levallois technique. An observation of the trench walls revealed the triple nature of the stratigraphy: an upper gravelly sand (Unit‐1), an underlying reddish‐brown pebbly paleosol (Unit‐2), and a lowermost dominantly pink, finer‐grained deposit (Unit‐3) where the artifact was retrieved. Optically stimulated luminescence ages indicate a strong influence of global marine isotopic stages (MIS) on the trench stratigraphy, with the deposit hosting the artifact dating to 148 ± 20 ka (MIS 6 cold period). The available pollen data from the same stratigraphic level verified an open steppe landscape with some arboreal plant cover during deposition. This is the first stratigraphically dated Middle Palaeolithic artifact from NW Anatolia, and one of the few in the whole country, thus igniting further discussion about the ways Pleistocene hominins adapted to cold and arid environmental conditions.
A note—and a call—from the weeds
Authors: Latham Stephen R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor the past few years I've had the distinct privilege to edit the Hastings Center Report's Policy & Politics column. The column—as indicated by a little block of text at its end—was originally conceived as, and remains, a joint production of HCR and the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities. For me, as column editor, this means that I can accept contributions only from ASBH members. Luckily this presents me with an extremely large pool of talent from which to draw! I am very proud of the fact that a large majority of contributors to the column in the last several years had never written in HCR before I invited them to contribute. But naturally, I don't know everyone, and I can't keep track of everything. I'd love to get even more unsolicited offers of P&P contributions than I already enjoy.
Only in Silence
Authors: Eison Daniel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe oncology floor can be a silent place. Unlike the cardiology floor, with its insistent telemetry beeping, or the incessant bustle of the general ward below. Silence can be healing, and the oncology floor reveres all forms of healing it can find. Yet some voices ring loud on this floor. As an intern, I would grimace into my scut list as oncology attendings intoned dire diagnoses and exhorted still‐reeling victims to altruistically enroll in clinical trials. I mutely ground my teeth listening to the relentless stream of probabilities and adverse reactions flooding into the shocked silence of a child baffled by his or her metamorphosis into a cancer patient between breakfast and lunch. The practiced script unwound, preemptively striking down every potential worry already foreseen. But sometimes what was unspoken was even worse. Silence can give patients space to comprehend, digest, formulate questions, and enunciate fears. I believe in the silence of the “great empty cup of attention.” Still, ethics can founder in silence.
You Can't Always Get (or Give) What You Want: Preferences and Their Limits
Authors: Berlinger Nancy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPeople who lack decision‐making capacity may be able to communicate preferences, which can and should inform surrogate decision‐making on their behalf. It is unclear whether making a further distinction about “capacity for preferences,” as Jason Wasserman and Mark Navin propose in this issue of the Hastings Center Report , would improve the process of surrogate decision‐making. Anyone who is regularly involved in surrogate decision‐making or who has worked to articulate decision‐making standards and processes can think of cases in which a patient's voice was ignored or his or her preferences and ability to communicate them overlooked. However, we can also think of cases in which it was unclear whether information provided by a patient, recently or in the past, should have been characterized as a preference relevant to a medical decision that the patient lacked the capacity to make.We should also recognize that clear preferences of a patient who lacks decision‐making capacity may conflict with the limits of another person or of a family's resources such that these preferences cannot guide a surrogate's decision. This patient will not get what he wants. A situation in which preferences are known and make sense but cannot be applied in a feasible way demonstrates the limits of the medical decision‐making framework concerning care that is not covered by medical insurance.
The Human Being in Full
Authors: Meilaender Gilbert 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAnyone who has paid attention to the work of Leon Kass over the years is likely to have read earlier versions of many of the essays collected in Leading a Worthy Life: Finding Meaning in Modern Times. Even so, they will repay repeated readings, if only because they are evidence that one who has spent his life in the academy can write prose that is clear, readable, and often arresting. Moreover, the essays, taken as a whole, exemplify nicely, as Kass puts it, “the two major activities of my professional life”—namely, “examining closely the human meaning of the new biology” and “teaching searchingly great books that offer profound but competing accounts of the good life” (p. 12).
A One Pot Synthesis of Dehydrohedione (DHH) from a Hedione® Precursor
Authors: Chapuis Christian , Richard Claude‐Alain 
Published: May 2018

Dehydrohedione (DHH) 1a was obtained via a one pot, three step, domino procedure in 54% overall yield from 2a, by treatment with CuBr2, in MeOH at 65 °C. We demonstrated that the direct transformation of malonate derivative 2a into DHH 1a under CuX2 Kochi's conditions goes preferentially through the pathway involving intermediates 2b/2c and 7a, rather than 3a/3b or 8a/8b, essentially via α‐halogenation/dehydrohalogenation of the ketone moiety, both mediated by CuX2, while in‐situ decarbomethoxylation is promoted by the resulting CuX in refluxing MeOH.