bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Totally minimally invasive esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: Long‐term oncologic outcomes
Authors: Lubbers Merel , van Det Marc J. , Kreuger Mariska J. , Hoekstra Ronald , Hendriksen Ellen M. , Vermeer Marloes , Kouwenhoven Ewout A. 
Published: April 2018

Background and ObjectivesMinimally invasive esophagectomy is emerging with comparable short‐term outcomes as open esophagectomies. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is considered standard of care in the Netherlands for patients with esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the long‐term oncologic outcome after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by totally minimally invasive esophagectomy.MethodsNeoadjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel based chemotherapy was concomitantly given with 41.4 Gy radiotherapy. Six weeks after neoadjuvant treatment, totally minimally invasive esophagectomy was performed.ResultsFrom December 2010 until December 2015 161 patients received this combination of treatment. In 128 male and 33 female patients with median age of 65 years (58‐71), 88 minimally invasive esophagectomies with intrathoracic anastomosis and 73 minimally invasive esophagectomies with cervical anastomosis were carried out. Radical (R0) resection was confirmed in 156 patients (97%). In hospital mortality occurred in 6 patients (3.7%). Overall survival was 79% and 51% at 1 and 5 years, respectively, with a median follow‐up of 24.5 months (13‐38). Disease‐free survival was, respectively, 76% and 55%.ConclusionsTotally minimally invasive esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer is a safe treatment with low postoperative mortality rates and favorable overall and disease‐free survival.
Consumer-Driven Depletion of the Northern Diamondback Terrapin in Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Walker Raven D. , Jones Glenn A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The northern diamondback terrapin Malaclemys terrapin terrapin was a popular food item that rose to gastronomical fame in the Chesapeake Bay region from the 1870s to 1910s. This study presents a quantitative analysis of the northern terrapin fishery by using data from historical fishery reports, contemporary newspapers, and restaurant menus to show that inflation-adjusted prices experienced a fourfold to fivefold increase over 40 years. Wholesale market prices began declining in the early 1900s, and by the 1920s, northern diamondback terrapins were rarely listed in newspapers. Subsequently, restaurant prices began falling in the 1910s; by the late 1970s, northern diamondback terrapins were no longer listed on menus. Market declines had previously been attributed to the 1920 implementation of Prohibition (Volstead Act of 1919); however, we observed a closer relationship to the Food and Fuel Control Act of 1917. This study provides an example of an estuarine species that experienced one of the most rapid and greatest increases in price, followed by commercial extirpation in less than 40 years.
Numbers and Biomass of Natural- and Hatchery-Origin Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Sockeye Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean, 1925–2015
Authors: Ruggerone Gregory T. , Irvine James R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Numerical abundance and biomass values presented here for Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Chum Salmon O. keta, and Sockeye Salmon O. nerka in the North Pacific Ocean span 90 years (1925–2015), representing the most comprehensive compilation of these data to date. In contrast to less populous species of salmon, these species are more abundant now than ever, averaging 665 × 106 adult salmon each year (1.32 × 106 metric tons) during 1990–2015. When immature salmon are included, recent biomass estimates approach 5 × 106 metric tons. Following an initial peak during 1934–1943, abundances were low until the 1977 regime shift benefited each species. During 1990–2015, Pink Salmon dominated adult abundance (67% of total) and biomass (48%), followed by Chum Salmon (20%, 35%) and Sockeye Salmon (13%, 17%). Alaska produced approximately 39% of all Pink Salmon, 22% of Chum Salmon, and 69% of Sockeye Salmon, while Japan and Russia produced most of the remainder. Although production of natural-origin salmon is currently high due to generally favorable ocean conditions in northern regions, approximately 60% of Chum Salmon, 15% of Pink Salmon, and 4% of Sockeye Salmon during 1990–2015 were of hatchery origin. Alaska generated 68% and 95% of hatchery Pink Salmon and Sockeye Salmon, respectively, while Japan produced 75% of hatchery Chum Salmon. Salmon abundance in large areas of Alaska (Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska), Russia (Sakhalin and Kuril islands), Japan, and South Korea are dominated by hatchery salmon. During 1990–2015, hatchery salmon represented approximately 40% of the total biomass of adult and immature salmon in the ocean. Density-dependent effects are apparent, and carrying capacity may have been reached in recent decades, but interaction effects between hatchery- and natural-origin salmon are difficult to quantify, in part because these fish are rarely separated in catch and escapement statistics. The following management changes are recommended: (1) mark or tag hatchery salmon so that they can be identified after release, (2) estimate hatchery- and natural-origin salmon in catches and escapement, and (3) maintain these statistics in publicly accessible databases.
Randomized, clinical trial of RT001: Early signals of efficacy in Friedreich's ataxia
Authors: Zesiewicz Theresa , Heerinckx Frederic , De Jager Robert , Omidvar Omid , Kilpatrick Marcus , Shaw Jessica , Shchepinov Mikhail S. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundRT001 is a deuterated ethyl linoleate that inhibits lipid peroxidation and is hypothesized to reduce cellular damage and recover mitochondrial function in degenerative diseases such as Friedreich's ataxia.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of RT001 in Friedreich's ataxia patients.Design/MethodsWe conducted a phase I/II double‐blind, comparator‐controlled trial with 2 doses of RT001 in Friedreich's ataxia patients (9 subjects each cohort). Subjects were randomized 2:1 to receive either RT001 (1.8 or 9.0 g/day), or a matching dose of nondeuterated ethyl linoleate as comparator for 28 days. The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic analysis. Secondary endpoints included cardiopulmonary exercise testing and timed 25‐foot walk.ResultsNineteen patients enrolled in the trial, and 18 completed all safety and efficacy measurements. RT001 was found to be safe and tolerable, with plasma levels approaching saturation by 28 days. One subject with a low body mass index experienced steatorrhea taking a high dose and discontinued the study. Deuterated arachidonic acid (a brain‐penetrant metabolite of RT001) was found to be present in plasma on day 28. There was an improvement in peak workload in the drug group compared to placebo (0.16 watts/kg; P = 0.008), as well as an improvement trend in peak oxygen consumption (change of 0.16 L/min; P = 0.116), and in stride speed (P = 0.15).ConclusionsRT001 was found to be safe and tolerable over 28 days, and improved peak workload. Further research into the effect of RT001 in Friedreich's ataxia is warranted. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Lewy body disorders: Status and relevance for clinical trials
Authors: Siderowf Andrew , Aarsland Dag , Mollenhauer Brit , Goldman Jennifer G. , Ravina Bernard 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBiomarkers have the potential to improve diagnosis and prognosis, and guide clinical treatment decisions. In research, biomarkers can be used for patient selection and as outcome measures in clinical trials. A range of biochemical and imaging biomarkers are relevant to patients with Lewy body disorders, including PD, PD dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Dopaminergic imaging is used for differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders versus tremor disorders without dopamingeric deficits, and also to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease. Markers of underlying Alzheimer's disease pathology have been applied to PD patients experiencing cognitive decline to determine the extent of mixed pathology in these cases. Assessment of alpha‐synuclein species in spinal fluid is possible, and more specific assays attempt to identify alpha‐synuclein aggregates or phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein. While alpha‐synuclein markers are intended to measure the pathology most central to PD dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies, convincing evidence of robust reliability and validity from multiple laboratories is lacking. Similarly, alpha‐synuclein imaging by PET or single‐photon emission computed tomography, while an important research goal, is not yet available. In addition to their uses in the clinic, biomarkers have natural uses in therapeutic trials that target cognitive and neuropsychiatric features of Lewy body disorders. The biomarkers most likely to be incorporated into trials are dopaminergic and amyloid imaging for the purpose of accurate patient selection, and possibly to demonstrate the utility of antiamyloid treatments in Lewy body disorders patients with mixed pathology. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Establishing Stock Status Determination Criteria for Fisheries with High Discards and Uncertain Recruitment
Authors: Goethel Daniel R. , Smith Matthew W. , Cass-Calay Shannon L. , Porch Clay E. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Maximum sustainable yield (MSY)-based reference points are often prescribed by national and international laws as the basis for catch limits (e.g., the Magnuson–Stevens Reauthorization Act in the United States). However, MSY is highly dependent on the assumed selectivity pattern and catch allocation of the fisheries. The addition of bycatch fleets or mortality from discarding further complicates MSY calculations, and no prescribed approach has been agreed upon for including complex fleet dynamics in dynamic pool models. Using the Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus fishery as an example, we demonstrate the various ways that MSY can be computed when multiple fleets and bycatch fisheries exist, and we illustrate the tradeoffs that occur between yield and spawning stock biomass (SSB). Presenting the full array of alternative MSY proxies, however, can lead to subjective decision making that may diminish the value of scientific advice by encouraging the maximization of yield at the expense of maintaining stocks within safe biological limits. We propose that the spawning potential ratio (SPR) associated with the global (theoretical maximum) MSY can be utilized as a reasonable proxy in most fishery applications. The yield streams required to achieve SPRMSY can then be calculated conditional on extant selectivity patterns and bycatch levels. Our approach utilizes the inherently sustainable SSB associated with the global MSY as a rebuilding target while limiting disruption to the fishery by accounting for current fleet dynamics and avoiding unsustainable proxies that may result when bycatch or discard rates are high.
Relative Effects of Density Dependence versus Environmental Factors on Bluegill Populations
Authors: Bevil Matthew C. , Weber Michael J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus is a common inhabitant of freshwater systems across many parts of North America. Their broad geographical distribution and intermediate trophic level expose Bluegills to a range of conditions and allow populations to be influenced by a suite of biotic and abiotic factors that can result in a wide array of population characteristics. Fifty natural lakes and impoundments across Iowa were sampled to investigate relationships between Bluegill relative abundance with size structure and condition. We then investigated potential effects of biotic (food availability and predator assemblage) and abiotic (water quality, lake morphometry, and watershed characteristics) factors that may broadly influence Bluegill populations. Neither Bluegill size structure nor condition were related to Bluegill abundance. Instead, Bluegill abundance increased with Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides abundance, watershed : lake surface area, and turbidity and decreased with the N:P ratio. Bluegill size increased with Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus abundance and decreased with Cyclopoida density, whereas Bluegill condition increased with Largemouth Bass and Common Carp Cyprinus carpio abundance, but decreased with Largemouth Bass size and lake depth. Our results suggest that density dependence is not an important factor regulating Bluegill populations in Iowa. Instead, identifying environmental factors associated with variation in Bluegill populations can provide insights toward management of these important fish.
Juvenile Life History Diversity and Freshwater Productivity of Chinook Salmon in the Green River, Washington
Authors: Anderson Joseph H. , Topping Peter C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Life history diversity and productivity are key metrics used to evaluate the status of salmon populations. In this paper, we use long-term monitoring data from spawning escapement and a rotary screw trap to describe juvenile migration strategies and identify factors affecting freshwater productivity of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha inhabiting the Green River, Washington. Similar to other populations in Puget Sound, Green River Chinook Salmon exhibit two distinct pulses of downstream, subyearling, juvenile migration. Small-bodied fry move downstream in late winter shortly after emergence (peaking in March), whereas larger-bodied parr migrate downstream after spending some time rearing and growing in freshwater (peaking in late May or early June). A series of stock–recruit models demonstrated that the production of parr was density dependent, as the Green River reaches rearing capacity at most observed spawner abundances and river conditions. By contrast, the production of fry was density independent. Furthermore, several river discharge metrics were significantly related to Chinook Salmon productivity. Total juvenile production was lower in years when incubating embryos experienced high-magnitude peak flows, most likely due to redd scour. Parr productivity was greater in years with higher discharge during the spring (April–June), which we hypothesize is related to increased accessibility of side channels for rearing and/or increased survival during migration. Combined, these results suggest that restoration of juvenile rearing habitats offers substantial potential benefits to parr productivity. Setting escapement goals for fishery planning that consider freshwater habitat capacity and life history diversity will largely depend on the relative marine survival of the fry and parr migration strategies. Our analysis also provides insight to managing water at an upstream dam to benefit Chinook Salmon productivity, though any such strategy faces trade-offs with other fish conservation goals and will be constrained by the dam's primary purpose of reducing flood risk.
Recapture Rates and Size Selectivity of Muskellunge by Anglers Within Two Minnesota Fisheries
Authors: Bahr Derek L. , Carlson Andrew J. , Baird Owen E. , Ward Matthew C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Increases in catch-and-release practices in addition to angler engagement in management activities to evaluate and improve the trophy potential of Muskellunge Esox masquinongy fisheries have become prevalent in recent decades. An expectation of conservative angling practices and regulations is that released fish can be recaptured by anglers at a later time and potentially at a larger size. Although several studies have evaluated Muskellunge recapture rates, no studies have estimated the number of recaptured Muskellunge relative to the number present in the population. Additionally, few studies have evaluated angling size selectivity and the potential benefits or biases of incorporating those data into traditional Muskellunge assessments. This study evaluated the proportion of Muskellunge that were caught and recaptured relative to the population estimates in two Minnesota water bodies and the potential length-related bias from angler-caught fish. Data were obtained from traditional sampling gears (i.e., trap netting, boat electrofishing) and angling by volunteer anglers in the Mississippi and Crow Wing rivers and Baby and Man lakes. Participating anglers captured 11–22% of the population, of which 1–3% were subsequently recaptured at both sites annually. Recaptured fish accounted for 5–16% of the annual catch. At the Mississippi River site, proportionally larger fish were angled compared with the modeled population size structure, whereas angler catch from Baby and Man lakes was similar to the modeled size structure, likely due to the differing techniques used by anglers in the two water bodies. A more thorough understanding of recapture rates and size selectivity may be particularly important when managing a low-density species as angling pressure and angler involvement in management activities increase.
Population Viability Improves Following Termination of Coho Salmon Hatchery Releases
Authors: Jones Kim K. , Cornwell Trevan J. , Bottom Daniel L. , Stein Staci , Anlauf-Dunn Kara J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Recent genetic studies, meta-analyses, and retrospective analyses have documented reduced productivity of wild salmon and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that interbreed with hatchery-reared fish, raising concerns about the long-term viability and recovery of at-risk stocks. In 2007, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife discontinued a Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch hatchery program at the Salmon River to support recovery of a wild Coho Salmon population in the Oregon Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit. This decision constituted a unique management “experiment,” allowing for direct measurement of the wild population's response after the discontinuation of a decades-old hatchery program. We used a before–after, control–impact design to examine whether selected viability metrics of the naturally produced population in the Salmon River changed after the hatchery program ended. We compared metrics for the 2006–2013 broods, representing periods after the hatchery program ended, to those for the 1995–2005 broods, when the hatchery program was still releasing 200,000 smolts annually. We also examined neighboring populations during similar time periods to account for changes or variation due to other factors. Although hatchery-origin spawners previously had accounted for most of the adults returning to the Salmon River, the naturally produced population did not collapse, and two viability metrics improved significantly after the Coho Salmon hatchery program ended: (1) adult abundance increased and (2) spawn timing expanded and moved closer to the historical timing. Recruits-to-spawner ratios in the Salmon River, although initially low, are now approximately equal to those of neighboring populations. The results indicate that hatchery closure can be an effective strategy to promote wild population recovery. However, considerable variability in population trends and environmental conditions will require continued monitoring to verify the long-term resilience and viability of the wild population.
A geometrically exact isogeometric Kirchhoff plate: Feature‐preserving automatic meshing and C1 rational triangular Bézier spline discretizations
Authors: Liu Ning , Jeffers Ann E. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe analysis of the Kirchhoff plate is performed using rational Bézier triangles in isogeometric analysis coupled with a feature‐preserving automatic meshing algorithm. Isogeometric analysis employs the same basis function for geometric design as well as for numerical analysis. The proposed approach also features an automatic meshing algorithm that admits localized geometric features (eg, small geometric details and sharp corners) with high resolution. Moreover, the use of rational triangular Bézier splines for domain triangulation significantly increases the flexibility in discretizing spaces bounded by complicated nonuniform rational B‐spline curves. To raise the global continuity to C1 for the solution of the plate bending problem, Lagrange multipliers are leveraged to impose continuity constraints. The proposed approach also manipulates the control points at domain boundaries in such a way that the geometry is exactly described. A number of numerical examples consisting of static bending and free vibration analysis of thin plates bounded by complicated nonuniform rational B‐spline curves are used to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed approach.
A novel contact interaction formulation for voxel‐based micro‐finite‐element models of bone
Authors: Bhattacharya P. , Betts D. , van Lenthe G. H. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryVoxel‐based micro‐finite‐element (μFE) models are used extensively in bone mechanics research. A major disadvantage of voxel‐based μFE models is that voxel surface jaggedness causes distortion of contact‐induced stresses. Past efforts in resolving this problem have only been partially successful, ie, mesh smoothing failed to preserve uniformity of the stiffness matrix, resulting in (excessively) larger solution times, whereas reducing contact to a bonded interface introduced spurious tensile stresses at the contact surface. This paper introduces a novel “smooth” contact formulation that defines gap distances based on an artificial smooth surface representation while using the conventional penalty contact framework. Detailed analyses of a sphere under compression demonstrated that the smooth formulation predicts contact‐induced stresses more accurately than the bonded contact formulation. When applied to a realistic bone contact problem, errors in the smooth contact result were under 2%, whereas errors in the bonded contact result were up to 42.2%. We conclude that the novel smooth contact formulation presents a memory‐efficient method for contact problems in voxel‐based μFE models. It presents the first method that allows modeling finite slip in large‐scale voxel meshes common to high‐resolution image‐based models of bone while keeping the benefits of a fast and efficient voxel‐based solution scheme.
Authorship grids: Practical tools to facilitate collaboration and ethical publication
Authors: Phillippi Julia C. , Likis Frances E. , Tilden Ellen L. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTPublication of new findings and approaches in peer‐reviewed journals is fundamental to advancing science. As interprofessional, team‐based scientific publication becomes more common, authors need tools to guide collaboration and ethical authorship. We present three forms of authorship grids that are based on national and international author recommendations, including guidelines from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, the Committee on Publication Ethics, National Institutes of Health data sharing policies, common reporting guidelines, and Good Clinical Practice standards from the International Conference on Harmonization. The author grids are tailored to quantitative research, qualitative research, and literature synthesis. These customizable grids can be used while planning and executing projects to define each author's role, responsibilities, and contributions as well as to guide conversations among authors and help avoid misconduct and disputes. The grids also can be submitted to journal editors and published to provide public attribution of author contributions.