bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheat Germ Agglutinin Conjugated Fluorescent pH Sensors for Visualizing Proton Fluxes
Authors: Zhang Lejie , Zhang Mei , Bellve Karl , Fogarty Kevin , Castro Maite A. , Brauchi Sebastian , Kobertz William R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSmall molecule fluorescent wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) conjugates are routinely used to demarcate mammalian plasma membranes because they bind to the cell’s glycocalyx. Here we describe the derivatization of WGA with a pH sensitive rhodamine fluorophore (pHRho: pKa = 7) to detect proton channel fluxes and extracellular proton accumulation and depletion from primary cells. We found that WGA-pHRho labeling was uniform, did not appreciably alter the voltage-gating of glycosylated ion channels, and the extracellular changes in pH directly correlated with proton channel activity. Using single plane illumination techniques, WGA-pHRho was used to detect spatiotemporal differences in proton accumulation and depletion over the extracellular surface of cardiomyocytes, astrocytes, and neurons. Because WGA can be derivatized with any small molecule fluorescent ion sensor, WGA conjugates should prove useful to visualize most electrogenic and non-electrogenic events on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.
Novel insights into N-glycan fucosylation and core xylosylation in C. reinhardtii
Authors: Oltmanns Anne , Hoepfner Lara , Scholz Martin , Zinzius Karen , Schulze Stefan , Hippler Michael 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChlamydomonas reinhardtii N-glycans carry plant typical β1,2-core xylose, α1,3-fucose residues as well as plant atypical terminal β1,4-xylose and methylated mannoses. In a recent study, XylT1A was shown to act as core xylosyltransferase, whereby its action was of importance for an inhibition of excessive Man1A dependent trimming. N-Glycans found in a XylT1A/Man1A double mutant carried core xylose residues, suggesting the existence of a second core xylosyltransferase in C. reinhardtii. To further elucidate enzymes important for N-glycosylation, novel single knockdown mutants of candidate genes involved in the N-glycosylation pathway were characterized. In addition, double, triple and quadruple mutants affecting already known N-glycosylation pathway genes were generated. By characterizing N-glycan compositions of intact N-glycopeptides from these mutant strains by mass spectrometry, a candidate gene encoding for a second putative core xylosyltransferase (XylT1B) was identified. Additionally, the role of a putative fucosyltransferase was revealed. Mutant strains with knockdown of both xylosyltransferases and the fucosyltransferase resulted in the formation of N-glycans with strongly diminished core modifications. Thus, the mutant strains generated will pave the way for further investigations on how single N-glycan core epitopes modulate protein function in C. reinhardtii.Significance StatementOur data provide novel insights into the function of XylT1B and FucT in C. reinhardtii as N-glycan core modifying enzymes. In the course of our study, different mutants were created by genetic crosses showing either varying or a lack of N-glycan core modification, enabling comparative analyses in relation to single N-glycan core epitope and overall protein function in C. reinhardtii.
SK4 calcium-activated potassium channels activated by sympathetic nerves enhances atrial fibrillation vulnerability in a canine model of acute stroke
Authors: Yang Mei , Wang Youcheng , Xiong Xiaoxing , Xie Baojun , Liu Jia , Yin Junkui , Zi Liuliu , Wang Xi , Tang Yanhong , Huang Congxin , Zhao Qingyan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNew-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with acute stroke (AS). Studies have shown that intermediate-conductance KCa channels (SK4) play an important role in cardiomyocyte automaticity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SK4 on AF vulnerability in dogs with AS. Eighteen dogs were randomly divided into a control group, AS group and left stellate ganglion ablation (LSGA) group. In the control group, dogs received craniotomy without right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). AS dogs were established using a cerebral ischemic model with right MCAO. LSGA dogs underwent MCAO, and LSGA was performed. Three days later, the dispersion of the effective refractory period (dERP) and AF vulnerability in the AS group were significantly increased compared with those in the control group and LSGA group. However, no significant difference in dERP and AF vulnerability was found between the control group and the LSGA group. The SK4 inhibitor (TRAM-34) completely inhibited the inducibility of AF in AS dogs. SK4 expression and levels of noradrenaline (NE), β1-AR, p38 and c-Fos in the atrium were higher in the AS dogs than in the control group or LSGA group. However, no significant difference in SK4 expression or levels of NE, β1-AR, p38 and c-Fos in the left atrium was observed between the control group and LSGA group. SK4 plays a key role in AF vulnerability in a canine model with AS. The effects of LSGA on AF vulnerability were associated with the p38 signaling pathways.
Polymorphism and photoluminescence properties of K3ErSi2O7
Authors: Dabić Predrag , Nikolić Marko G. , Kovač Sabina , Kremenović Aleksandar 
Published: September 2019

Two polymorphs of tripotassium erbium disilicate, K3ErSi2O7, were synthesized by high-temperature flux crystal growth during the exploration of the flux technique for growing new alkali rare-earth elements (REE) containing silicates. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. One of them (denoted1) crystallizes in the space groupP63/mmcand is isostructural with disilicates K3LuSi2O7, K3ScSi2O7and K3YSi2O7, while the other (denoted2) crystallizes in the space groupP63/mcmand is isostructural with disilicates K3NdSi2O7, K3REESi2O7(REE = Gd–Yb), K3YSi2O7, K3(Y0.9Dy0.1)Si2O7and K3SmSi2O7. In the crystal structure of polymorph1, the Er cations are in an almost perfect octahedral coordination, while in the crystal structure of polymorph2, part of the Er cations are in a slightly distorted octahedral coordination and the other part are in an ideal trigonal prismatic coordination environment. Sharing six corners, disilicate Si2O7groups in the crystal structure of polymorph1link six ErO6octahedra, forming a three-dimensional network and nine-coordinated potassium cations are located in its holes. In the crystal structure of polymorph2, the disilicate Si2O7groups connect four ErO6octahedra, as well as one ErO6trigonal prism. Three differently coordinated potassium cations are situated between them. Different site symmetries of the erbium cations in the crystal structures of polymorphs1and2affect their photoluminescence properties. Only polymorph2exhibits luminescence. Intense narrow lines in the emission spectrum are a result of the 4f–4ftransition. The green emission line at 560 nm is the result of the Er3+transition4S3/2→4I15/2, and the luminescence line at 690 nm is the result of a4F9/2→4I15/2transition. The crystal morphologies of the two polymorphs are similar. Crystals of polymorph1are in the form of a hexagonal prism in combination with a hexagonal base, while crystals of polymorph2contain a dihexagonal prism in combination with a hexagonal base, although poorly developed faces of the dihexagonal pyramid can also be noticed.
Democratizing innovation processes: personal initiative in bottom-up eco-innovation
Authors: Weigt-Rohrbeck Josefine , Linneberg Mai Skjøtt 
Published: September 2019

PurposePrevious work on employee-driven innovation (EDI) has demonstrated the benefits of employees’ proactive behavior in achieving success with innovations. The purpose of this paper is to employ the concept of personal initiative to investigate the underestimated role of employees’ agency in complex processes of innovation, showing the impact of personal initiative on employees’ innovation success.Design/methodology/approachBased on two embedded cases of environmental bottom-up innovation at a large manufacturing company, this study examines employees’ behavior in generating, championing and realizing such initiatives.FindingsThis paper provides insights into how employees succeeded, through taking initiative in generating, championing and realizing environmental initiatives despite facing high complexity, and resource constraints. Without being prompted from the top down, employees started these initiatives themselves and showed phase-specific behavior in overcoming the various challenges. Thus, self-starting behavior was found dominant in generating ideas, whereas proactive and persistent forms of behavior were found to be prevalent in championing and rolling out the initiatives.Originality/valueCurrent understandings of EDI highlight the importance of developing employees’ potential capabilities and organizational-level guidance. Using an active performance perspective, this study emphasizes the importance of employees’ agency in ensuring EDI success, even when conditions are not conducive to their doing so.
Demographic variables as moderators between QWL and OCB
Authors: Yadav Mohit , Rangnekar Santosh , Srivastava Anugamini Priya 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of quality of work life (QWL) on organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) of employees. Also, the paper examines the role of demographic variables, i.e. gender, position and type of organization as moderators of relationship between QWL and OCB.Design/methodology/approachA survey with sample of 375 was used in this study. PROCESS tool by Hayes (2013) was used to analyze the relation between QWL, OCB and demographic variables.FindingsQWL was found to positively influence OCB. Gender and type of organization were found to moderate the relationship, whereas position failed to moderate the relation significantly.Practical implicationsThe study reinforced the significance of QWL practices by organizations to improve extra-role behaviours of employees. Also, importance of considering gender and the industry you are in is emphasized in using and designing the QWL programme for employees.Originality/valueWhile many antecedents have been studied in relation to OCB, QWL is rarely discussed. The paper attempts to reemphasize QWL’s importance in doing so in light of demographic variables as moderators.
Strategizing for the bottom of the pyramid: an action research into a Mexican agribusiness
Authors: Hernandez-Cazares Rafael , Lawson-Lartego Late , Mathiassen Lars , Quinonez-Romandia Sergio 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
While recent research has established that businesses can benefit from engaging with people at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP), the authors know little about the practices that managers can use to effectively strategize this ethically sound and financially attractive proposition and turn it into new business.

Design/methodology/approach
To address this gap, the authors reported on an action research study in which the authors collaborated with a major Mexican agribusiness, ANSA, to expand its market through value co-creation with the country’s poorest farmers. To shape the strategizing, the authors combined dynamic capability theory and options theory, and the authors used the asset hexagon framework to understand the BOP population’s needs.

Findings
The authors offer a detailed account of how ANSA’s management team collaborated downstream with distributors and farmers and upstream with suppliers to grow a new micro-franchise business that increases the well-being of the poorest farmers and creates additional business opportunities. The research describes how firms can strategize and implement new business ventures for co-creating value with the BOP population. The results are a process model and related propositions for strategizing value co-creation with BOP.

Originality/value
The authors offer new empirical insights, a grounded process model and model-related propositions on strategizing BOP options. As such, the study contributes to the BOP literature by joining critical ethics with actionable knowledge of how such efforts may unfold and by demonstrating how theory may be enacted and developed in the process.
Impact of risk perception on customer purchase behavior: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Zhihong , Sha Yongzhong , Song Xuping , Yang Kehu , ZHao Kun , Jiang Zhixin , Zhang Qingxia 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Risk perception is an essential factor affecting how individuals evaluate risk, make decisions and behave. The impact of risk perception on customer purchase behavior has been widely studied; however, the association has been debated. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between risk perception and customer purchase behavior and to examine factors that could moderate it.

Design/methodology/approach
This study conducted a meta-analysis of this relationship and examined factors that could moderate it. Six databases were comprehensively searched. Two reviewers independently selected the studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed quality. Pearson's r was used as the effect estimate. A total of 33 studies were included in the meta-analysis.

Findings
The results revealed a negative relationship between risk perception and customer purchase behavior. The geographical region, purchase channel and country development level affected the relationship. The correlation between perceived risk and purchase behavior in European consumers was the highest, followed by the correlation in American consumers; the weakest correlation was found in Asian consumers. For consumers in developed countries, perceived risk had a stronger negative influence on customer purchase behavior than that for consumers in developing countries. The perceived risk of online purchase channels had a stronger negative impact on customer purchase behavior than that of offline purchase channels.

Research limitations/implications
Risk perception is a useful context in which to explain barriers to customer purchase behavior. In addition, reducing consumers’ risk perception and perfecting the market transaction process with respect to buying behavior should be further studied.

Originality/value
The findings of this review indicate a direct negative relationship between risk perception and customer purchase behavior. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review is the first to meta-analytically summarize the impact of risk perception on customer purchase behavior in social sciences research, and it also illuminates new perspectives for future studies.
Do Fama–French common risk-factor portfolio investors herd on a daily basis? Implications for common risk-factor regressions
Authors: Senarathne Chamil W. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether Fama–French common risk-factor portfolio investors herd on a daily basis for five developed markets, namely, Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific ex Japan, North America and Globe.Design/methodology/approachTo examine the herd behavior of common risk-factor portfolio investors, this paper utilizes the cross-sectional absolute deviations (CSAD) methodology, covering a daily data sampling period of July 1990 to January 2019 from Kenneth R. French-Data Library. CSAD driven by fundamental and non-fundamental information is assessed using Fama–French five-factor model.FindingsThe results do not provide evidence for herding under normal market conditions, either when reacting to fundamental information or non-fundamental information, for any region under consideration. However, Fama–French common risk-factor portfolio investors mimic the underlying risk factors in returns related to size and book-to-market value, size and operating profitability, size and investment and size and momentum of the equity stocks in European and Japanese markets during crisis period. Also, no considerable evidence is found for herding (on fundamental information) under crisis and up-market conditions except for Japan. Ancillary findings are discussed under conclusion.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research on new risk factors explaining stock return variation may help improve the model performance. The performance can be improved by adding new risk factors that are free from behavioral bias but significant in explaining common stock return variation. Also, it is necessary to revisit the existing common risk factors in order to understand behavioral aspects that may affect cost of capital calculations (e.g. pricing errors) and valuation of investment portfolios.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that examines the herd behavior (fundamental and non-fundamental) of Fama–French common risk-factor investors using five-factor model.
Innovation in family firms: an empirical taxonomy of owners using a mixed methods approach
Authors: Salmon Udeni , Allman Kurt 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The increasingly competitive manufacturing sector has made innovation crucial for the continued survival of family-owned SMEs. However, family firm owners are highly heterogenous and their diverse characteristics influence their approach to innovation. The purpose of this paper is to provide solutions to two heterogeneity related innovation problems: first, the failure of generic innovation policy advice to address the specific types of family firm owners; and second, the difficulty for owners in understanding how their innovation approach compares to their competitors. The solution is to create a taxonomy of family firm owner-innovators which creates innovator types. This taxonomy addresses these two problems: first, the taxonomy enables policy advice to be tailored to a particular innovator types; and second, the taxonomy allows owners to understand the strengths and weaknesses of their particular approach to innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach is to develop a taxonomy through exploratory factor analysis (n=1,284) and firm owner interviews (n=27) in a mixed methods study. Socio-emotional wealth theory interprets the findings.

Findings
The findings present a taxonomy of family firm innovators which contains five types: the spontaneous radical, the statist altruist, the patient opportunist, the curious traveller and the insular denier.

Research limitations/implications
There are two major limitations: first, a taxonomy is static and does not include the temporal dimension of innovation which can change according to the firm lifecycle stage and, by implication, the changing preferences of a maturing firm owner; and second, the mixed methods approach of using two data sets which themselves used differing definitions of “family firm” has introduced the possibility that the constructs developed from the quantitative study may not have the precision or clarity of a study that uses a single data set with a single definition.

Practical implications
The practitioner implications from the research stem from the diagnostic potential of the taxonomy. SME family firm owners can establish their innovation approach by using the taxonomy to decide which type of innovator they are and by adopting an innovation approach that counterbalances the weaknesses of their type.

Social implications
The social implications are to improve the innovation potential of the family firm community by offering practical support to their innovation activities.

Originality/value
The originality of the research is in its contribution to knowledge on the role of ownership type in directing the innovation approach of SME family firms. The value of the research is in offering a theoretically informed original taxonomy that is of both academic and practical value.
Health maintenance of Japanese rural small enterprise shopkeepers
Authors: Ohashi Yuki , Sugawara Sanae , Muraoka Koko , Ozaki Akiko 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThough shopkeepers in small enterprises (SSEs) are pioneers in rethinking retirement, working ages and the lifestyles of an aging society, some pertinent health issues remain unexplored. Using narratives of shopkeepers in small, rural enterprises, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the ways of thinking about health maintenance.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed an ethnographic approach. In total, 20 shopkeepers and residents in a rural shopping street in Tohoku, in northeast Japan, were interviewed between June 2016 and May 2017. These interviews were analysed inductively.FindingsThe ways shopkeepers think about health maintenance are expressed through an interaction with their personal history. Shopkeepers and customers used narratives to arrive at novel methods to re-think health maintenance. Through data analysis, the cultural theme of maintaining vitality through long-lasting self-struggle supported by cooperation and familiar membership was identified. This cultural theme was related to three sub-themes: struggle stimulated by flexibility and responsibility; cooperation by devoting personal capital; and compensation through family support.Practical implicationsThere is a growing focus on the important role that SSEs play in rural health. The results of this study will enable rural nurses to approach and develop health via communal interaction. In addition, the support of the family through cooperation at home should be enhanced.Originality/valueThere exists the potential for shopkeepers to develop a care strategy for small enterprise-related work. This strategy could enhance active ageing and promote a sustainable healthy life.
Asset management with TEV and VaR constraints: the constrained efficient frontiers
Authors: Palomba Giulio , Riccetti Luca 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to perform an analytical analysis on portfolio allocation when a tracking error volatility (TEV) constraint holds, drawing specific attention to the portfolio efficiency issue. Indeed, it is well known that investors can assign part of their funds to asset managers who are given the task of beating a benchmark portfolio. However, the risk management office often imposes a TEV constraint to the asset managers’ activity to maintain the portfolio risk near to the risk of the benchmark. This situation could lead asset managers to select non efficient portfolios in the total return and absolute risk perspective. However, the risk management office can impose further constraints, such as on maximum variance or maximum value at risk (VaR) to maintain the overall portfolio risk under control.

Design/methodology/approach
First the authors define the TEV constrained-efficient frontier (ECTF), a set of TEV constrained portfolios that are mean–variance efficient. Second, they define two new portfolio frontiers analyzing how the imposition of a maximum variance or maximum VaR restriction can reduce the ECTF. Third, they investigate the feasibility of such portfolio frontiers and their relationships.

Findings
The authors find that variance or VaR constraint can force asset managers to pursue portfolio efficiency.

Originality/value
This is a practically important issue given that asset managers often receive a constraint on TEV from the risk management office, but the risk management office does not ask them to minimize the TEV as often assumed in the optimizations performed in the literature on this topic.