bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cálculo mental en la actividad del ordeño de ganado vacuno y su potencial aporte a la Educación Matemática
Authors: Sarmiento Avila Yuar Nilson , Vargas de los Reyes Lilia Esthefany , Aroca Araújo Armando 
Published: October 2024

En la presente investigación se analiza el cálculo mental de algunos ordeñadores desde un enfoque etnomatemático, cuyo objeto de estudio se centra en los razonamientos aritméticos que realizan personas adultas de la zona rural de Repelón, Atlántico, en su labor cotidiana de recolección de leche y elaboración de productos lácteos. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es problematizar los procesos mentales realizados por los ordeñadores del municipio de Repelón, Atlántico y utilizar los resultados como recurso pedagógico para el desarrollo de cálculo mental en las operaciones aritméticas básicas y sus propiedades en un contexto escolar. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se planteó el siguiente interrogante ¿Cómo problematizar los procesos de cálculo mental realizados por los campesinos de Repelón en planes de clases de matemáticas para la comprensión de las cuatro operaciones básicas de la aritmética y sus propiedades? Como resultado se ha encontrado que los campesinos manejan sus propios procesos de cálculo que tienen conexiones con propiedades aritméticas básicas, a pesar de que ellos mismos no saben explicar el porqué de estas. En este proceso, destaca el uso de propiedades aritméticas y procesos algorítmicos como aporte a la educación matemática.
From History of Economic Thought to Intellectual History of Economics
Authors: Camporesi Alberto Tena 
Published: October 2024

Ever since the first edition of Economic Theory in Retrospect, written by Mark Blaug and published in 1962, the distinction between ‘rational reconstruction’ and ‘historical reconstruction’ has been a central topic of debate regarding theory vs. methodology within the field of History of Economic Thought (HET). This text aims to examine these discussions and the theoretical challenges that have been the consequences of those debates with the objective of diluting the dichotomy in order to make the argument that it is possible to increase productivity by focusing more on what exactly Intellectual History of Economics actually is.
Trends in the industry of clinical trials
Authors: Milovanov S. S. , Popov V. V. , Teplova N. V. 
Published: October 2024

Background. The clinical trial (CT) industry is subject to changes, some of which are rapidly developing and their directions can be predicted, while others develop gradually, forming stable tendencies, which requires analysis to confirm and predict them. According to the generally accepted time gradation, there are an operational (up to 1 month), short-term (up to 1 year), medium-term (up to 5 years), long-term (up to 20 years), and long-term (over 20 years) prognoses. A short-term forecast is common in CT industry.Objective: to identify trends in the development of CT industry until the end of 2024.Material and methods. We searched publications in Russian and English segments of the Internet in open access sources in ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Academia, ResearchGate, CyberLeninka, eLibrary databases by key query “trends in clinical trials” for the period from January to March 2023. The query “history of clinical trials” was also used in Russian part of the Internet through Google search. The analysis included publications on the history of CT development over 1936–2023. The total number of sources analyzed was 59 (9 Russian and 50 English).Results. The tendencies in CT development can be divided into two groups. The first one is related to CT organization and conducting, while another is associated with development of innovative drugs. In the first group, the trends have persisted since 2022 and are expressed in the ongoing digitalization of operational activities, a shift from centralized research to decentralization, while the protocol design has changed towards patient-centricity. In the second group, the number of expected drugs has decreased and a shift towards biological drugs, gene and cell therapy has become more pronounced.Conclusion. Trends in CI are characterized by a number of innovations, primarily related to digitalization, the development of telemedicine technologies, mathematical modeling, artificial intelligence, virtual CI, decentralization and patient-centricity.
TECHNOLOGY AND LEGAL CHALLENGES OF CONTEMPORARY ARMED CONFLICT
Authors: Samakashvili Ana 
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the article is to research the relationship between IHL, IHRL and national law norms, and to give recommendations about the prevention of using technologies in contemporary armed conflicts. Research methods: in the article, the research was carried out using the comparative-legal method in order to present the relationship between international and national legal norms. Also, we will use the normative method to emphasize the need of introduction of new norms to regulate the problem. Results: after the World War II, adoption of the new international norms significantly decreased the war statistics, however, in recent years, development of technologies, which was further accelerated by the pandemic, changed the mentioned statistics, to the extent that new technologies are actively used in war. Unfortunately, preventive and/or prohibitive international norms do not exist, therefore, we do not have the practice of regulating them. Paucity of regulative norms and the absence of proper literature in this field underscores the relevance of this topic. The use of new technologies can lead to violations of the principles of international law and human rights, which requires the creation of preventive mechanisms within the framework of international law. Discussion: the relevance of the topic is also determined by the war situation in the world, which reminds us that against the backdrop of challenges in international law, there is a gap in terms of illegal integration of technologies in contemporary armed conflicts, which, as a result, leads to a breach of human rights and violation of the norms of both the Geneva Convention and the European Convention on Human Rights.
ПРАВО НА ЗАБУТТЯ, ЯК ОДНЕ З ОСНОВНИХ ПРАВ ЛЮДИНИ У ЦИФРОВУ ЕПОХУ
Authors: Сопілко Ірина 
Published: October 2024

Метою статті є дослідження права на забуття, як одного з основних прав людини у цифрову епоху. Методи дослідження: документальний аналіз, узагальнення правової інформації. Результати: у статті проведено аналіз одного з основних прав людини у цифрову епоху – права за забуття. Вказано, що з початку розвитку сучасних технологій, зокрема з появою всесвітньої системи Інтернет, людство увійшло у часи, коли реалізувати свої права можливо не тільки у матеріальному вимірі, а й у цифровому, у зв’язку з чим постають питання гарантування та захисту цифрових прав людини. Більше того, повномасштабна війна в Україні стала каталізатором низки проблем у гарантуванні прав людини. З одного боку цифровізація є підґрунтям для гібридної війни та «хакерних атак», викрадення інформації, спотворення даних, з іншого боку вона створює умови для доступу до різних видів публічних та інших послуг, впровадження цифрових інструментів у системі захисту прав громадян, має стати основою для гарантування доступу до якісних публічних послуг. Обговорення: поняття «цифрові права» не закріплено у чинному національному законодавстві, що викликає певні труднощі у підходах правозастосування. Окремі автори вказують, що під цифровими правами доцільно розуміти систему норм та правил поведінки, які закріплюють права і свободи людини щодо належного доступу та використання електронних пристроїв, можливості створення, використання і публікацію цифрових товарів, а також комунікаційних мереж, зокрема, мережі Інтернет.
Зазначено, що поява цифрових прав пов’язана з виникненням права вимагати видалення персональних даних, конфіденційної інформації про особу з мережі Інтернет. Зокрема таке право має назву «право на стирання» або «право бути забутим».
Зроблено висновок, що право бути забутим хоч і відносно нове, проте воно є одним із основних прав людини у цифрову епоху. Звісно введення цього права стикається з невизначеністю у правозастосовній сфері та з американського погляду, європейське право бути забутим катастрофічне для свободи вираження, проте «право бути забутим» – це відносно недавня і нова юридична концепція з великими наслідками для інтернет-політики, свободи вираження поглядів та конфіденційності. Саме це призводить до необхідності впровадження в Україні права на забуття, зокрема проведення реформи законодавства у сфері захисту персональних даних шляхом уведення відповідних норм у чинне національне законодавство. Крім того варто створити принципово нові інструменти захисту особи від розміщення персональних даних, а також механізми видалення цих матеріалів через запровадження механізму юридичної відповідальності.
The Neurogenic Effects of Pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) and Seluang Fish (Rasbora spp.) in Malnutrition-Induced Rat
Authors: Didik Dwi Sanyoto  , Triawanti Triawanti , Meitria Syahadatina Noor  , Dimas Ikhsan Airlangga  
Published: October 2024

Highlights:1. This study analyzed the effects of using locally sourced pasak bumi extract and seluang fish on the parameters of neurogenesis in malnourished rat models.2. It promotes further exploration into modified treatments for malnutrition, emphasizing nutritional strategies that harness locally available natural resources.

Abstract
Early developmental malnutrition exerts adverse effects on the structural, neurochemical, and neurophysiological maturation of cerebral cells by disrupting the process of neurogenesis. Pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) and seluang fish (Rasbora spp.), two indigenous natural resources of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, are believed to harbor nutritional components capable of mitigating these deleterious effects. We aimed to assess the impact of administering pasak bumi, seluang fish, and pure docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the neurogenesis process in malnourished rat models. The Rattus norvegicus specimens were partitioned into seven distinct cohorts, each consisting of five rats: healthy rats in the negative control group (KN), while malnourished rats in the positive control (KP) and treatment groups (P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5). Both the KP and KN groups received a placebo and a standard feed. The treatment groups received different interventions for five weeks: standard feed alongside pasak bumi extract for the P1 group, standard feed and DHA for the P2 group, standard feed in combination with pasak bumi extract and DHA for the P3 group, seluang fish for the P4 group, and pasak bumi extract and seluang fish for the P5 group. The doses determined for the pasak bumi extract and DHA were 15 and 1 mg/kg bw, respectively. The parameters evaluated consisted of the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neural progenitor cell β-tubulin 3 (Tuj-1) expression, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). The data were subjected to analysis through the Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. Statistically significant differences were observed in the BDNF levels (p=0.00) and Tuj-1 expressions (p=0.01) across all groups. In conclusion, the combined administration of pasak bumi and seluang fish demonstrates the capacity of enhancing neurogenesis in malnourished rats, as evidenced by elevated BDNF levels and Tuj-1 expressions.
Antibacterial Potential of Endemic Medicinal Plants of the Maluku Islands, Indonesia, against Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens
Authors: Eka Astuty  , Vinsa Delia Luhulima  , Stefanus Cahyo Ariwicaksono  
Published: October 2024

Highlights:1. Clove, cinnamon, and eucalyptus have found to be able to providing antibacterial agents for urinary tract infection (UTI).2. Ethanol extracts derived from clove leaves, cinnamon bark, and eucalyptus leaves can inhibit pathogenic bacteria responsible for UTI, indicating their potential as sources of bioactive compounds for UTI medication development.

Abstract
Medicinal plants possess antimicrobial properties that have been believed to be efficacious for treating various diseases. However, antimicrobial-based medicinal plants remain an untapped source of potential pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of ethanolic extracts derived from several medicinal plants endemic to Maluku, Indonesia, specifically regarding their antibacterial activity against isolates of pathogenic bacteria found in the urine samples of urinary tract infection (UTI) patients. This was a true experimental research with a posttest-only control group design. The medicinal plant extraction was conducted using the maceration method. The pathogens were isolated using the dilution method. Following the pathogen isolation, the isolates were identified according to the colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical test results. The antibacterial activity was determined through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. The results indicated that five selected isolates (i.e., 0A1, 0A2, 0A3, 0A4, and 0A5) had a round shape with flat edges. Isolates 0A2 and 0A4 exhibited a solid white color, whereas isolates 0A1 and 0A3 displayed an off-white color, and isolate 0A5 showed a yellow color. Isolates 0A1, 0A2, and 0A4 were Gram-positive bacteria, while isolates 0A3 and 0A5 demonstrated Gram-negative characteristics. The biochemical testing revealed that the five selected isolates were identified as Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecium, and Escherichia coli. The ethanol extracts of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) leaves, cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) bark, and eucalyptus (Melaleuca leucadendra) leaves demonstrated the ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria responsible for UTI. Clove leaf ethanol extract exhibited the highest average clear zone compared to the other two ethanol extracts. This study concluded that medicinal plants from Maluku, Indonesia, the clove, cinnamon, and eucalyptus, have antibacterial potential that may be effective in treating UTI. Further investigation is necessary to fully comprehend the mechanisms of action, detection, and description of bioactive compounds, particularly against human pathogens.
Spondylolisthesis in Young Patients in a Large National Cohort
Authors: Nilssen Paal K. , Narendran Nakul , Finkel Ryan A. , Illingworth Kenneth D. , Skaggs David L. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The current literature investigating surgical treatments for lumbar spondylolisthesis in adolescent patients is limited by small sample sizes. There are high reoperation rates, and posterior interbody fusion has not been reported to help. The current study aimed to utilize a nationwide database to investigate outcomes of spinal fusion for spondylolisthesis in young patients.

Methods:
The PearlDiver database was queried for patients <21 years old who had undergone lumbar spinal fusion for spondylolisthesis between 2010 and 2020. Patients were divided into 4 cohorts based on surgical approach: (1) posterior spinal fusion with posterior instrumentation (PSF), (2) posterior spinal fusion with posterior instrumentation plus interbody (PSF+I), (3) anterior spinal fusion without posterior instrumentation (ASF), and (4) anterior spinal fusion plus posterior instrumentation (A+PSF). Patients with <2 years of follow-up were excluded. The primary outcome was reoperation.

Results:
Of 33,945 patients with spondylolisthesis, 578 (1.7%) underwent lumbar spinal fusion: 236 (40.8%) had PSF, 219 (37.9%) had PSF+I, 66 (11.4%) had ASF, and 57 (9.9%) had A+PSF. The mean age was 16.5 ± 1.1 years, and the mean follow-up was 5.4 ± 2.9 years. A higher percentage of girls underwent surgery compared with boys (2.0% versus 1.4%). Survival analysis using all-cause reoperation as the end point demonstrated an overall 5-year reoperation-free survival rate of 85.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 82.5% to 88.6%). The overall reoperation rate within 5 years was significantly different depending on the approach, with A+PSF being the lowest at 7.0% (PSF = 11.9%, PSF+I = 10.5%, and ASF = 31.8%).

Conclusions:
This is the largest reported series of spondylolisthesis surgery in young people. The lowest rate of revisions within 5 years was for a combined approach of A+PSF. The 5-year risk of reoperation of 31.8% for a stand-alone ASF appeared to be unacceptably high compared with other approaches, and was over 4 times higher than A+PSF (7.0%). Consistent with previous clinical series, the addition of an interbody fusion to a PSF did not decrease the reoperation rate and did not appear to offer any advantages to a PSF alone.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
State dependence of cloud feedback and its implications for climate sensitivity
Authors: He Haozhe , Soden Brian , Zhang Bosong , Vecchi Gabriel , Yang Wenchang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The time-dependence of climate feedbacks is critical for understanding and constraining climate sensitivity. Although time-varying feedbacks are typically attributed to the geographic pattern of surface warming, it can also arise from a state-dependence of feedbacks on global temperature. Utilizing a coordinated set of CMIP6 model simulations, we demonstrate a systematic increase in climate sensitivity as the base state warms. This state-dependence is further explored in a series of GFDL model simulations that span a larger range of base states. Both sets of simulations exhibit a monotonic increase in climate sensitivity due to a strengthening of cloud feedback in warmer climates. This occurs primarily over middle and high latitudes, where a weakening in the negative optical depth feedback consistently overwhelms changes or shifts in cloud amount. These changes are not attributable to differences in mixed-phase cloud microphysics or meridional shifts of mid-latitude storm tracks as have been previously suggested. Instead, the warmer moist adiabat—characterized by an increase in adiabatic cloud water content with surface warming, driven by a modest reduction in lapse rate and a significant rise in cloud-base saturation vapor pressure—and the weakened adiabaticity dominate the state-dependence of cloud feedback, alongside the intrinsic logarithmic dependence of cloud albedo on optical depth. This represents a fundamental state-dependence of cloud feedback, implying a continuing increase in climate sensitivity but reaching a maximum value earlier than previous studies and assessments suggested. Main Text
The Influence of Adjacent Buildings on Seismic Motion Field Considering Building-Site Interaction
Authors: Zhang Qi , Huang Hao , Cui Ruyu , Chen Denghong , Xie Lili 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Due to the interaction between buildings and sites during an earthquake, buildings can impact the seismic motion in their proximity. In this study, a nonlinear finite element model of building-site interaction considering soil nonlinearity is established by numerical simulation. The building-site interaction effects on the ground motion field around buildings are investigated under various site conditions and building dynamic properties. The seismic response spectra analysis results indicate that: (1) Buildings noticeably alter seismic response spectra nearby, generally reducing them at short periods and amplifying them at long periods. This effect is more pronounced on soft soil sites with lower shear wave velocities, resulting in up to 48% reductions compared to free-field conditions. (2) The presence of buildings changes the fundamental period of the building-site interaction system. Larger building masses on sites with lower shear wave velocities increase disturbances in seismic response spectra across all periods. (3) The building-site interaction effect on ground motion spectra diminishes gradually with increasing distance from buildings in surrounding areas. The larger building mass extended the influence range of building-site interaction, and this influence is more pronounced on soft sites. (4) Soil nonlinearity significantly increased the spatial variability and extent of building disturbances, especially for ground motions with long periods.
MicroRNA expression profiling and potential biomarker exploration in BMSCs of osteoporosis patients based on high-throughput sequencing technology
Authors: Zhang Shunli , He Yongxiong , Chen Rong , Gu Yuntao , Xu Chunzhao , Du Xiuqiong , Wang Guangji , Du Xiufan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are core stem cells and their differentiation orientation directly manipulates the ongoing of osteoporosis (OP). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are momentously characterized molecular in BMSCs. However, the leading pattern and trait of miRNAs in OP remain vague and mysterious. Full-scale research of BMSCs-existed miRNA expression between normal conditions and patients experiencing OP is the only way for us to pinpoint the effect of miRNA, making us rationally and effectively utilize miRNA.
Objective
This review chiefly lies in exploring, selecting, verifying, and confirming the biomarker of miRNAs by dissecting miRNA patterns, which offer diagnosis reference, monitor value, customized feature therapy by developing related preparation, and emerging prognosis indicators.
Methods
We gathered miRNA-seq datasets from human BMSCs to detect the expression pattern of miRNA. Herein, we searched and distinguished microRNA expression levels of BMSCs, sifted the distinctively existing microRNAs, sought the preferentially expressed microRNAs, had knowledge of the target points of related microRNA biomarkers, and boosted our awareness of the role of miRNAs and the development of pharmaceutical preparation aimed at it.
Results
These miRNAs manifested aberrant expression variation between matched control and OP cases, they mainly draw upon the Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, and Notch pathways to perform signal delivery, mediating the osteogenesis, adipogenesis, the balance of these two kinds of differentiated conversion, the proliferation, migration, apoptosis, stemness, and senescence of BMSCs, and biological ongoing of chondrocytes and osteoclasts. In addition, the treatment based on miRNAs of in vitro trials in combination with animal models defined the application of miRNA-linked therapy.
Conclusion
This paper accorded proof of miRNAs as screening tools, confirmation guidance, treatment means, and prediction indicators of OP, paved the emerging road for clinical practice, and pushed the development of personalized remedies that break through regular remedies.