bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel interval theory‐based parameter identification method for engineering heat transfer systems with epistemic uncertainty
Authors: Wang Chong , Matthies Hermann G. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe parameter identification problem with epistemic uncertainty, where only a small amount of experimental information is available, is a challenging issue in engineering. To overcome the drawback of traditional probabilistic methods in dealing with limited data, this paper proposes a novel interval theory‐based inverse analysis method. First, the interval variables are introduced to represent the input uncertainties, whose lower and upper bounds are to be identified. Subsequently, an unbiased estimation method is presented to quantify the experimental response interval from limited measurements. Meanwhile, a quantitative metric is defined to characterize the relative errors between computational and experimental response intervals by which the interval parameter identification can be constructed as a nested‐loop optimization procedure. To improve the computational efficiency of response prediction with respect to various interval variables, a universal surrogate model is established in the support box via Legendre polynomial chaos expansion, where the expansion coefficients can be evaluated by a collocation method under Clenshaw‐Curtis points and Smolyak algorithm. Eventually, a heat conduction example is provided to verify the feasibility of proposed method, especially in the case with noise‐contaminated temperature measurements.
Diverse manifestations of acute sickle cell hepatopathy in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease: A case series
Authors: Pecker Lydia H. , Patel Nidhi , Creary Susan , Darbari Anil , Meier Emily Riehm , Darbari Deepika S. , Fasano Ross M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe hepatic complications of sickle cell disease (SCD) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in adults; children usually survive but may suffer significant sequelae. Few diagnostic tools differentiate the various hepatic manifestations of SCD. Why patients exhibit one hepatic pathology versus another is unclear. We report four pediatric patients with hemoglobin SS disease with diverse manifestations of acute hepatic involvement including acute sickle hepatic crisis, hepatic sequestration, sickle cell intrahepatic cholestasis, and a non‐SCD cause of hepatopathy in a patient with viral hepatitis. These complications require a systematic approach to extensive evaluation and coordinated multidisciplinary care.
Acute myelogenous leukemia in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Creutzig Ursula , Kutny Matthew A. , Barr Ronald , Schlenk Richard F. , Ribeiro Raul C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe incidence of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) increases progressively with age. Favorable genetic mutations are most prevalent in children, and unfavorable profiles increase proportionately in adolescents and young adults (AYA) and into later adulthood. Survival rates of AYA have improved over recent decades to 50–60%, but their accrual to clinical trials remains poor. In contrast to AYA with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the prognostic benefit for AYA with AML enrolled in pediatric compared with adult trials is minor and only seen when different protocols are used. The distinctive needs of AYA, including intensive psychological services, call for their treatment within specialized centers that offer complex supportive care.
Mycophenolate mofetil administered every 8 hours in combination with tacrolimus is efficacious in the prophylaxis of acute graft versus host disease in childhood, adolescent, and young adult allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients
Authors: Militano Olga , Ozkaynak Mehmet F. , Mehta Brinda , van deVen Carmella , Hamby Carl , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal dose and schedule of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients remains to be determined. We previously reported safety and pharmacokinetics of MMF at 900 mg/m2 q6h dosing. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of tacrolimus plus q8h MMF dosing for acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in a heterogeneous population of children, adolescent, young adult allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients, utilizing multiple allogeneic donor sources.ProcedureGVHD prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus 0.03–0.04 mg/kg/day intravenous continuous infusion or 0.12–0.16 mg/kg/day orally divided q8–12h and MMF 900 mg/m2/dose (max. 1.5 g) or 15 mg/kg/dose intravenous/orally (age ≥18 years) q8h starting on Day +1. MMF was discontinued on Day +30 or Day +60 in the absence of acute GVHD. Thirty‐five children, adolescents, and young adult allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients with malignant and nonmalignant disorders were enrolled.ResultsKaplan–Meier probability of grade II–IV and grade III–IV acute GVHD was 22.8% (CI95: 5.2–47.9 [where CI stands for confidence interval]) and 5.7% (CI95: 0–48.9), respectively. Probability of extensive and limited chronic GVHD was 22.6% (CI95: 3.4–52.2) and 12.2% (CI95: 0.3–45.7), respectively. Probability of 1 year overall survival was 82% (CI95: 64.1–99.8). Myeloablative conditioning was predictive of higher risk of acute GVHD in the univariate analysis (P = 0.01, hazard ratio = 6.6, CI95: 0.91–48).ConclusionThis study demonstrated a low probability of acute and chronic GVHD in a diverse cohort of childhood, adolescent, and young adult allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients following MMF q8h plus tacrolimus prophylaxis.
Assumptions made when preparing drug exposure data for analysis have an impact on results: An unreported step in pharmacoepidemiology studies
Authors: Pye Stephen R. , Sheppard Thérèse , Joseph Rebecca M. , Lunt Mark , Girard Nadyne , Haas Jennifer S. , Bates David W. , Buckeridge David L. , van Staa Tjeerd P. , Tamblyn Robyn , Dixon William G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeReal‐world data for observational research commonly require formatting and cleaning prior to analysis. Data preparation steps are rarely reported adequately and are likely to vary between research groups. Variation in methodology could potentially affect study outcomes. This study aimed to develop a framework to define and document drug data preparation and to examine the impact of different assumptions on results.MethodsAn algorithm for processing prescription data was developed and tested using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). The impact of varying assumptions was examined by estimating the association between 2 exemplar medications (oral hypoglycaemic drugs and glucocorticoids) and cardiovascular events after preparing multiple datasets derived from the same source prescription data. Each dataset was analysed using Cox proportional hazards modelling.ResultsThe algorithm included 10 decision nodes and 54 possible unique assumptions. Over 11 000 possible pathways through the algorithm were identified. In both exemplar studies, similar hazard ratios and standard errors were found for the majority of pathways; however, certain assumptions had a greater influence on results. For example, in the hypoglycaemic analysis, choosing a different variable to define prescription end date altered the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) from 1.77 (1.56‐2.00) to 2.83 (1.59‐5.04).ConclusionsThe framework offers a transparent and efficient way to perform and report drug data preparation steps. Assumptions made during data preparation can impact the results of analyses. Improving transparency regarding drug data preparation would increase the repeatability, reproducibility, and comparability of published results.
Neodymium‐based catalysts bearing phosphate ligands for ring‐opening polymerization of ɛ‐caprolactone
Authors: Ren Yixin , Kularatne Ruvanthi N. , Miller Justin T. , Polderman Stefanie T. , Vo Trinh D. , Biewer Michael C. , Stefan Mihaela C. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTNeodymium‐based catalysts coordinated with phosphate ligands (NdCl3·3L), where L = triethyl phosphate (TEP) or tris(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), were synthesized. The ring‐opening polymerizations (ROP) of ɛ‐caprolactone (ɛ‐CL) with these catalysts in the presence of benzyl alcohol initiator were performed, yielding polymers with well‐defined molecular weights and relatively narrow polydispersity index (PDI = 1.22–1.65). In situ NMR analysis of the reaction between NdCl3·3TEP and benzyl alcohol indicated that ROP proceeds through a coordination‐insertion mechanism. The end groups of the resultant polymers were determined using MALDI‐ToF mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The quasi‐living nature of this catalytic system was demonstrated by kinetic studies and the successful synthesis of the block copolymer poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(l‐lactide) by sequential monomer addition. Kinetic studies revealed that the catalyst with the bulkier TEHP ligand increased the rate of ROP of ɛ‐CL as compared to the TEP ligand. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1289–1296
Concise Review: Aggressive Colorectal Cancer: Role of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule in Cancer Stem Cells and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Boesch Maximilian , Spizzo Gilbert , Seeber Andreas 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. In spite of various attempts to ameliorate outcome by escalating treatment, significant improvement is lacking particularly in the adjuvant setting. It has been proposed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are at least partially responsible for therapy resistance in CRC. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was one of the first CSC antigens to be described. Furthermore, an EpCAM-specific antibody (edrecolomab) has the merit of having launched the era of monoclonal antibody treatment in oncology in the 1990s. However, despite great initial enthusiasm, monoclonal antibody treatment has not proven successful in the adjuvant treatment of CRC patients. In the meantime, new insights into the function of EpCAM in CRC have emerged and new drugs targeting various epitopes have been developed. In this review article, we provide an update on the role of EpCAM in CSCs and EMT, and emphasize the potential predictive selection criteria for novel treatment strategies and refined clinical trial design.
Controlled Shape Transformation and Loading Release of Smart Hemispherical Hybrid Microgels Triggered by ‘Inner Engines’
Authors: Wang Jianying , Zhu Xiang , Wei Lai , Ye Yuqi , Liu Yuying , Li Jinhua , Mei Tao , Wang Xianbao , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe dynamic controlling and changing the shape of microgels, especially the anisotropic change, remains a challenge for the construction of advanced smart materials. To this end, the fabrication of hemispherical hybrid microgels (HHMs) with Au nanorods(AuNRs)‐based vesicles was demonstrated, with the thermo‐ and NIR light‐triggered anisotropic shape transformation and controlled release induced by ‘inner engines’. AuNRs‐based vesicles acting as ‘inner engines’ were first fabricated by the self‐assembly of thiol‐terminated block copolymers modified AuNRs, with the absorbance of NIR light (808 nm), thus generating heat in the system; second, poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAM)‐based HHMs containing AuNRs‐based vesicles were synthesized by the assistance of both microfluidics and photopolymerization. Importantly, uneven heat generated by the gradationally distributed AuNRs‐based vesicles in the hybrid microgels could cause an anisotropic shape change from hemispherical to mushroom‐like shape via external stimuli, with good reversibility and reproducibility. Based on this, the controlled release of loadings (e. g. Rhodamine B (RhB)) inside the engines of the microgels can be realized by combining NIR light irradiation and the shape transformation. Thus, HHMs with AuNRs‐vesicle‐based engines provide a novel platform for the investigation of drug release, artificial actuators, and micromotors.
Is regulatory adoption ceremonial? Evidence from lead director appointments
Authors: Shi Wei , Connelly Brian L. 
Published: April 2018

Research Summary: Regulatory bodies often wrestle with the thorny question of whether to mandate a governance practice or allow for organic adoption. While mandates afford rapid diffusion, we theorize that they also result in ceremonial adoptions. Leveraging a quasi‐natural experiment, we compare adoption outcomes for a governance practice—lead director adoption—that was mandated by the NYSE but not the NASDAQ. We find that NYSE firms are more likely than NASDAQ firms to have installed a lead director as a symbolic management tactic, so their lead directors are less effectual. We also find that transient institutional investors are deceived by this symbolic management, but dedicated institutional investors are not.
Managerial Summary: Shareholders and analysts often desire to see companies introduce strict governance measures, such as proxy access and independent boards. Consequently, regulatory bodies often wrestle with the thorny issue of whether and when to mandate such practices for all companies. What they might not realize is that mandates may not work as well as they seem. Although more companies adopt reform under a mandate, they do so merely as a symbolic gesture. We look at one governance reform—appointing a lead director—finding that companies who introduce this reform as a result of a mandate appoint someone that is relatively toothless. We also find, though, that savvy investors are not actually fooled by this tactic and will trade out of firms that attempt such symbolic management.
Enhanced In Vitro Biocompatibility and Water Dispersibility of Magnetite and Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Employed as ROS Formation Enhancer in Radiation Cancer Therapy
Authors: Klein Stefanie , Kızaloğlu Melek , Portilla Luis , Park Hyoungwon , Rejek Tobias , Hümmer Julian , Meyer Karsten , Hock Rainer , Distel Luitpold V. R. , Halik Marcus , Kryschi Carola 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEfficient magnetic reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation enhancing agents after X‐ray treatment are realized by functionalizing superparamagnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) and Co‐ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles with self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). The Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are synthesized using Massart's coprecipitation technique. Successful surface modification with the SAM forming compounds 1‐methyl‐3‐(dodecylphosphonic acid) imidazolium bromide, or (2‐{2‐[2‐hydroxy‐ethoxy]‐ethoxy}‐ethyl phosphonic acid provides biocompatibility and long‐term stability of the Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles in cell media. The SAM‐stabilized ferrite nanoparticles are characterized with dynamic light scattering, X‐ray powder diffraction, a superconducting quantum interference device, Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis. The impact of the SAM‐stabilized nanoparticles on the viability of the MCF‐7 cells and healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is assessed using the neutral red assay. Under X‐ray exposure with a single dosage of 1 Gy the intracellular SAM stabilized Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are observed to increase the level of ROS in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells but not in healthy HUVECs. The drastic ROS enhancement is associated with very low dose modifying factors for a survival fraction of 50%. This significant ROS enhancement effect by SAM‐stabilized Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles constitutes their excellent applicability in radiation therapy.
Insight into Ca‐Substitution Effects on O3‐Type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries Application
Authors: Sun Liqi , Xie Yingying , Liao Xiao‐Zhen , Wang Hong , Tan Guoqiang , Chen Zonghai , Ren Yang , Gim Jihyeon , Tang Wan , He Yu‐Shi , Amine Khalil , Ma Zi‐Feng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractO3‐type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 (NaNFM) is well investigated as a promising cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), but the cycling stability of NaNFM still needs to be improved by using novel electrolytes or optimizing their structure with the substitution of different elements sites. To enlarge the alkali‐layer distance inside the layer structure of NaNFM may benefit Na+ diffusion. Herein, the effect of Ca‐substitution is reported in Na sites on the structural and electrochemical properties of Na1−xCax/2NFM (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the prepared Na1−xCax/2NFM samples show single α‐NaFeO2 type phase with slightly increased alkali‐layer distance as Ca content increases. The cycling stabilities of Ca‐substituted samples are remarkably improved. The Na0.9Ca0.05Ni1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 (Na0.9Ca0.05NFM) cathode delivers a capacity of 116.3 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 92% after 200 cycles at 1C rate. In operando XRD indicates a reversible structural evolution through an O3‐P3‐P3‐O3 sequence of Na0.9Ca0.05NFM cathode during cycling. Compared to NaNMF, the Na0.9Ca0.05NFM cathode shows a wider voltage range in pure P3 phase state during the charge/discharge process and exhibits better structure recoverability after cycling. The superior cycling stability of Na0.9Ca0.05NFM makes it a promising material for practical applications in sodium‐ion batteries.
Flexible and High‐Performance All‐2D Photodetector for Wearable Devices
Authors: Yao Jiandong , Yang Guowei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEmerging novel applications at the forefront of innovation horizon raise new requirements including good flexibility and unprecedented properties for the photoelectronic industry. On account of diversity in transport and photoelectric properties, 2D layered materials have proven as competent building blocks toward next‐generation photodetectors. Herein, an all‐2D Bi2Te3‐SnS‐Bi2Te3 photodetector is fabricated with pulsed‐laser deposition. It is sensitive to broadband wavelength from ultraviolet (370 nm) to near‐infrared (808 nm). In addition, it exhibits great durability to bend, with intact photoresponse after 100 bend cycles. Upon 370 nm illumination, it achieves a high responsivity of 115 A W−1, a large external quantum efficiency of 3.9 × 104%, and a superior detectivity of 4.1 × 1011 Jones. They are among the best figures‐of‐merit of state‐of‐the‐art 2D photodetectors. The synergistic effect of SnS's strong light–matter interaction, efficient carrier separation of Bi2Te3–SnS interface, expedite carrier injection across Bi2Te3–SnS interface, and excellent carrier collection of Bi2Te3 topological insulator electrodes accounts for the superior photodetection properties. In summary, this work depicts a facile all‐in‐one fabrication strategy toward a Bi2Te3‐SnS‐Bi2Te3 photodetector. More importantly, it reveals a novel all‐2D concept for construction of flexible, broadband, and high‐performance photoelectronic devices by integrating 2D layered metallic electrodes and 2D layered semiconducting channels.
Carbon and Nitrogen Based Nanosheets as Fluorescent Probes with Tunable Emission
Authors: Sun Jingwen , Malishev Ravit , Azoulay Adi , Tzadikov Jonathan , Volokh Michael , Jelinek Raz , Shalom Menny 
Published: April 2018

Abstract2D carbon and nitrogen based semiconductors (CN) have attracted widespread attention for their possible use as low‐cost and environmentally friendly materials for various applications. However, their limited solution‐dispersibility and the difficulty in preparing exfoliated sheets with tunable photophysical properties restrain their exploitation in imaging‐related applications. Here, the synthesis of carbon and nitrogen organic scaffolds with highly tunable optical properties, excellent dispersion in water and DMSO, and good bioimaging properties is reported. Tailored photophysical and chemical properties are acquired by the synthesis of new starting monomers containing different substituent chemical groups with varying electronic properties. Upon monomer condensation at moderate temperature, 350 °C, the starting chemical groups are fully preserved in the final CN. The low condensation temperature and the effective molecular‐level modification of the CN scaffold lead to well‐dispersed photoluminescent CN thin sheets with a wide range of emission wavelengths. The good bioimaging properties and the tunable fluorescence properties are exemplified by in situ visualization of giant unilamellar vesicles in a buffered aqueous solution as a model system. This approach opens the possibility for the design of tailor‐made CN materials with tunable photophysical and chemical properties toward their exploitation in various fields, such as photocatalysis, bioimaging, and sensing.
Headspace single‐drop microextraction with in‐drop derivatization followed by reversed‐phase HPLC analysis to determine residual acetaldehyde in polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Mahesh VS , Narayana Ramesh , Mohana Chandra , Kumar Arun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHeadspace single‐drop microextraction with in‐drop derivatization coupled with reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the determination of trace level acetaldehyde in polyethylene terephthalate pellets. The headspace microextraction step involves simultaneous extraction, concentration and in situ derivatization of acetaldehyde with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine. Various factors influencing the performance of headspace single‐drop microextraction, such as extraction solvent, drop volume, temperature and time for extraction, were studied and optimized. The calibration curve was found to be linear over the concentration range of 0.14–3.0 ppm with correlation coefficient of >0.999. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.07 and 0.14 ppm, respectively. The spiking recovery of acetaldehyde was in range of 103.1 to 105.5%. The method shows good repeatability, with a relative standard deviation of 5.6%. The residual acetaldehyde content estimated in the polyethylene terephthalate pellets by headspace single‐drop microextraction was found to be in agreement with the result obtained by standard ASTM F2013 headspace gas chromatography method. The developed headspace single‐drop microextraction is robust, sensitive and easy to implement in any laboratory.
Soldering of Mg Joints Using Zn-Al Solders
Authors: Gancarz Tomasz , Berent Katarzyna , Skuza Wojciech , Janik Katarzyna 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Magnesium has applications in the automotive and aerospace industries that can significantly contribute to greater fuel economy and environmental conservation. The Mg alloys used in the automotive industry could reduce mass by up to 70 pct, providing energy savings. However, alongside the advantages there are limitations and technological barriers to use Mg alloys. One of the advantages concerns phenomena occurring at the interface when joining materials investigated in this study, in regard to the effect of temperature and soldering time for pure Mg joints. Eutectic Zn-Al and Zn-Al alloys with 0.05 (wt pct) Li and 0.2 (wt pct) Na were used in the soldering process. The process was performed for 3, 5, and 8 minutes of contact, at temperatures of 425 °C, 450 °C, 475 °C, and 500 °C. Selected, solidified solder-substrate couples were cross-sectioned, and their interfacial microstructures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The experiment was designed to demonstrate the effect of time, temperature, and the addition of Li and Na on the kinetics of the dissolving Mg substrate. The addition of Li and Na to eutectic Zn-Al caused to improve mechanical properties. Higher temperatures led to reduced joint strength, which is caused by increased interfacial reaction.