bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misdiagnosis of Primary Eating Disorder in an Individual With Major Depressive Disorder and Comorbid Catatonic Syndrome
Authors: Howard Adam , Robbins-Welty Gregg , Schindler Nicole J. , Kincaid Brian , Komisar Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome affecting movement, emotion, speech, and behavior, which commonly occurs secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders and with comorbid illnesses. We report the case of an 18-year-old male with a history of depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, polysubstance use, and previous suicide attempts who presented to the hospital from a residential eating disorders treatment facility, due to psychomotor slowing. The patient scored 3 or lower on the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS), but he showed marked improvement following 2 mg of intravenous lorazepam. The patient was referred for ECT, experienced dramatic improvement, and was discharged at his baseline functioning. His discharge diagnosis was catatonic syndrome secondary to severe melancholic depression. Catatonia may present a diagnostic challenge as no single catatonia screener captures all possible phenotypes. The patient consistently scored low on the BFCRS but he had a clear response to standard-of-care catatonia treatment. Psychomotor slowing is common in catatonia but is not designated as a catatonic feature in either the DSM-5 or the BFCRS. This case also presented diagnostic complexity as the patient initially presented with malnutrition and concern about a possible eating disorder. This report highlights that diagnosing catatonia is challenging, particularly in the context of medical complexity, and that there are discrepancies between diagnostic tools. When suspicion of catatonia is high, despite low individual screening scores, clinicians may consider alternative screening instruments or empiric treatment.
Imaging Yield, Surgical Findings, and Outcomes Following Surgical Excision of Lateral Brow Dermoid Cysts
Authors: Gates-Tanzer Lauren , Pazelli Alexandre Meira , Wang Leda , Cofer Shelagh , Davis Dawn M R , Lehman Julia , Bradley Elizabeth , Mardini Samir , Gibreel Waleed 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To review cases of lateral brow dermoid cysts and gain insight into the utility of preoperative imaging, incidence of intraorbital extension, and recurrence rate.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study of all patients who underwent excision of lateral brow dermoid cysts at the authors' academic center over a 37-year period.

Results:
A total of 136 patients were included. The median age at presentation was 5.6 months [interquartile range (IQR) 3–16.5], and the median age at removal was 1.5 years (IQR 0.9–3.4). Preoperative imaging was performed in 44 patients. Intraorbital communication was predicted in 4 patients who underwent imaging and confirmed in 6 patients (4.4%) intraoperatively. Superficial dermoids were the most common depth (n=79, 58.1%), followed by periosteal (n=37, 27.2%) and intraosseous (n=14, 10.3%). Two patients (1.4%) presented with postoperative hematoma that required surgical evacuation. Recurrence was seen in 2 patients (1.4%). Among those who completed a follow-up, the median follow-up time was 1 month (IQR 0.44–5.8 months).

Conclusion:
The authors' study revealed that the majority of lateral brow dermoid cysts are either superficial or involve the periosteum, with orbital involvement being rare. None of our patients demonstrated intracranial communication. Imaging did not seem to add clinical value in patients for whom there was no clinical suspicion for the involvement of the deeper tissues, so careful consideration of ordering preoperative imaging would help decrease health care costs and avoid radiation exposure, which is particularly concerning for pediatric patients. The recurrence rate of lateral brow dermoid cyst seems to be low but studies with longer follow-ups are needed.
Assessing Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Statements of Urogynecology Fellowships
Authors: Jenkins Nicole , Cao Qilin , Vurture Gregory , Smilen Scott W. 
Published: December 2024

Importance
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has aimed to increase diversity among the physician workforce. Prospective applicants utilize websites to identify programs that share a commitment to equity and inclusion. Published statements of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) demonstrate a fellowship program’s recognition of the importance of improving diversity in health care and medical education.

Objective
The aim of the study was to assess the utilization of DEI statements published on urogynecology and reconstructive pelvic surgery (URPS) fellowship program websites.

Study Design
All ACGME accredited URPS fellowship websites in July 2023 were reviewed for presence of a DEI statement as a primary outcome. Website content was then compared across geographical regions (Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, South, and West).

Results
Seventy-two URPS programs had a dedicated website for review. Nine (12.5%) URPS programs had a published diversity statement. There were no statistical differences in the presence of a statement in URPS fellowships based on core-surgical speciality or geographic region.

Conclusions
A majority of URPS programs lack a DEI statement (87.5%) demonstrating an area for improvement. With an increasingly diverse patient population, the recruitment of a diverse pool of physician applicants is more crucial than ever. By advocating for transparency, URPS fellowship programs can foster an environment that nurtures a physician workforce better equipped to provide culturally inclusive health care.
Role of Minimally Invasive Reoperation for Postoperatively Diagnosed T2 Gallbladder Cancer: Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Park Yeshong , Choi Sae Byeol , Lee Boram , Han Ho-Seong , Jeong Chi-Young , Kang Chang Moo , Hwang Dae Wook , Kim Wan-Joon , Yoon Yoo-Seok 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Although T2 gallbladder cancer (GBC) incidentally diagnosed after cholecystectomy requires additional resection, the surgical approaches are technically difficult due to inflammatory adhesion or fibrosis around the hepatoduodenal ligament and gallbladder bed. In this study, we sought to compare the surgical and oncologic outcomes of open and minimally invasive reoperation for postoperatively diagnosed T2 GBC.

STUDY DESIGN:
Patients who underwent open (110) and laparoscopic (38) reoperation for T2 GBC between November 2004 and October 2022 at 5 tertiary referral centers were included in this multicenter retrospective cohort study. The short- and long-term outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS:
There were no differences in clinicopathologic characteristics between the open and laparoscopic groups. Liver resection was more frequent in the open group (101 [91.8%] vs 21 [55.3%], p < 0.001). Compared with open operation, laparoscopic reoperation was associated with shorter postoperative hospital stay (9.0 [8.0 to 10.0] vs 6.0 [3.8 to 8.3] days, p < 0.001) and a lower postoperative complication rate (24 [21.8%] vs 1 [2.6%], p = 0.013). Among patients who underwent liver resection, the postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopic group (9.0 [8.0 to 10.0] vs 6.0 [4.0 to 9.0] days, p = 0.004). The 5-year disease-free survival (66.7% vs 76.1%, p = 0.749) and overall survival (75.2% vs 73.7%, p = 0.789) rates were not significantly different between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results indicate that laparoscopic reoperation for postoperatively diagnosed T2 GBC has favorable postoperative outcomes and similar oncologic safety compared with open operation.
A subset of human choroid plexus epithelial cells exhibit mitochondrial eccentricity and distinct expression of the pigmentation-associated enzyme TYRP1
Authors: Groh Adam M.R. , Premachandran Shobina , Creeggan Finn , Yaqubi Moein , Zandee Stephanie , Prat Alexandre , Antel Jack P. , Moore G.R. Wayne , Stratton Jo Anne 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor decades, ultrastructural evaluation of epithelial cells in diverse organ systems has demonstrated the existence of two subtypes identified by stark differences in cytoplasmic electron density – so-called light and dark epithelial cells. Choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells are key regulators of CSF homeostasis and are one of many specialized epithelial linings that exhibit this bimodal phenotype. Despite longstanding acknowledgement, it has been difficult to assess the potential significance of adult human light and dark CP epithelial cells due to a lack of characterization beyond electron microscopy (EM). We present the first transcriptomic analysis of adult human CP epithelial cells and denote the existence of four epithelial subpopulations, one of which is defined by elevated expression ofTYRP1– a melanocyte-associated tyrosine-related protein involved in cellular pigmentation and proliferation.TYRP1-high cells also downregulate genes related to cilia function (which is consistent with observations of dark cell identity in organoids) and upregulate genes associated with pathways related to cell cycling, stress, and iron regulation. Our data provide an explanation of the molecular underpinning of adult human light and dark cell identity and serve as a resource for investigations of epithelial heterogeneity in the CP and other organs where dark cells are found.
DRUGSYNC: Prediction of Synergistic Drug Combinations Using GCN Graph Convolutional Network based and Pre-learned Drug-induced Gene Expression Profiles
Authors: Zhao Longfei , Luo Jie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDrug-drug synergy (DDS) is crucial for identifying novel and effective drug combinations. With the accumulation of experimental data (DrugCombDB) and the uprising of deep learning approaches, many efforts have been made to computationally predict effective drug pairs. However, most models had limited success, with the highest ROC AUC of 0.65 for predicting pairs of unseen drugs. Drug-induced gene expressions profiles (DGEP) from datasets like LINCS L1000 offer a robust proxy to describe drug effects. However, overlap between DrugCombDB and experimental DGEP data is sparse only ∼2%. To address these limitations, we propose the DRUGSYNC (DrugResponse andUtilization forGraph-basedSYNergyClassification) prediction framework that leverages pre-learned drug-target interaction (DTI) and pre-learned DGEP as features. Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) was used to represent the inherent network of genetic interactions. Our pre-learned DGEP achieved 0.877 Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC). Furthermore, our framework excels by integrating pre-learned DGEP and DTI of paired drugs for DDS prediction, achieving superior performance over benchmark technologies. Notably, it demonstrates exceptional accuracy in predicting interactions between unseen drugs, with an ROC AUC score of 0.854. The analysis further emphasized the importance of accurate DGEP predictions. This method can be extended to any cell lines.
A six-plex digital PCR assay for monitoring respiratory viruses in wastewater
Authors: Pitton Melissa , McLeod Rachel E. , Caduff Lea , Dauletova Ayazhan , de Korne-Elenbaas Jolinda , Gan Charles , Hablützel Camille , Holschneider Aurélie , Kang Seju , Loustalot Guy , Schmidhalter Patrick , Schneider Linda , Wettlauffer Anna , Yordanova Daniela , Julian Timothy R. , Ort Christoph 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWastewater-based surveillance systems can track trends in multiple pathogens simultaneously by leveraging efficient, streamlined laboratory processing. In Switzerland, wastewater surveillance is conducted for fourteen locations representing 2.3 million people, or 26% of the national population, with simultaneous surveillance of four respiratory pathogens. Trends in respiratory diseases are tracked using a novel, six-plex digital PCR assay targeting Influenza A, Influenza B, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and SARS-CoV-2 N1 and N2 genes, as well as Murine Hepatitis Virus for recovery efficiency control. The multiplex assay was developed to ensure sensitivity and accurate quantification for all targets simultaneously. Wastewater data is also integrated with disease data obtained through both a mandatory disease reporting system and the Swiss Sentinel System (Sentinella), a voluntary reporting system for general practitioners. Comparisons between wastewater data and case data from July 2023 through July 2024 demonstrate a high level of agreement, specifically for Influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Lower correspondence is observed for Influenza B, which highlights challenges in tracking disease dynamics during seasons without pronounced outbreak periods. Wastewater monitoring further revealed that targeting the N1 or N2 gene led to divergent estimates of SARS-Cov-2 viral loads, highlighting the impact of mutations in the target region of the assay on tracking trends. The study emphasizes the importance of an integrated wastewater monitoring program as a complementary tool for public health surveillance by demonstrating clear concordance with clinical data for respiratory pathogens beyond SARS-CoV-2.
Empirical evidence that diversionary feeding increases productivity in ground-nesting birds
Authors: Bamber Jack A. , Kortland Kenny , Sutherland Chris , Lambin Xavier 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe recovery of predator populations can negatively impact other species of conservation concern, leading to conservation conflicts. Evidence-based solutions are needed to resolve such conflicts without sacrificing hard-won gains for recovering species. Well-designed, large-scale field experiments provide the most rigorous evidence to justify new forms of intervention, but they are notoriously hard to implement. Further, monitoring scarce species without negative impacts is challenging, calling for indirect and non-invasive monitoring methods. Uncertainties remain about whether observational monitoring adequately reflects the true processes of interest.Having conducted a well-designed, large-scale, diversionary feeding field experiment that reduced artificial nest depredation, we evaluated whether this translated to capercaillie productivity in the same area. Using camera traps aimed at dust baths, we non-invasively monitored capercaillie hen productivity over 3 years and in 30 1km2grid cells under a randomised control (un-fed) and treatment (fed) design. Diversionary feeding significantly increased the probability that a detected hen would have a brood. The impact of diversionary feeding did not change over the brooding season, indicating that hens without a brood had failed due to nest depredation rather than predation of chicks. The probability of detecting a hen with a brood was 0.85 (0.65-0.94) in fed locations, more than double that in unfed locations, which was 0.37 (CI 0.2-0.57). The average brood size was reduced over time, but the change did not differ between fed and unfed sites. This is in line with natural mortality occurring independently of diversionary feeding. Importantly, the increased chance of having a brood in the fed areas and the predicted brood size leads to a substantial increase in overall productivity – the expected number of chicks per hen – at the end of the sampling season. This was just 0.82 (0.35 – 1.29) chicks per hen in the unfed sites and more than double 1.90 (1.24 – 2.55) chicks in fed sites.This study provides compelling empirical evidence that diversionary feeding positively affects productivity, offering an effective non-lethal solution to the increasingly common conservation conflict where both predator and prey are afforded protection.
Genetic risk impacts stroke mortality and pathogenesis in patients with ischemic stroke: cohort study of BioBank Japan
Authors: Shimoyama Takashi , Kamatani Yoichiro , Matsuda Koichi , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Kimura Kazumi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious multi-ancestry genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of stroke reported 32 stroke risk loci in the MEGASTROKE study. Most studies on the genetic risk score (GRS) of stroke have reported a predominance in the European general population. We aimed to explore the association among GRS, clinical characteristics, and mortality in patients with ischemic stroke registered in the BioBank Japan (BBJ) database.MethodsThis is a cohort study of BBJ participants. The project participants were recruited between June 2003 and March 2018. We conducted a GWAS for stroke in 19,702 Japanese patients with ischemic stroke (controls, n=159,610). GRS was generated using 29 stroke risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 32 stroke-related loci identified in the MEGASTROKE. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for comorbidities and stroke etiology across the GRS. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for mortality associated with GRS.ResultsThe ORs for atrial fibrillation were significantly higher in those at Intermediate GRS [20–80thpercentile of GRS; ORs 1.59 (1.25-1.90)] and High GRS [top 20thpercentile of GRS; ORs 2.12 (1.69-2.67)] after a full adjustment than in those at Low GRS (bottom 20thpercentile of GRS). Regarding stroke etiology, the ORs for cardioembolism were significantly higher in those at Intermediate GRS [ORs 1.31 (1.04-1.61)] and High GRS [ORs 1.44 (1.13-1.89)] than in those at Low GRS. During a median follow-up of 10.0 years, the risk of stroke mortality was significantly higher in those at High GRS [HRs 1.27 (1.04-1.56)] than in those at Low GRS in a fully adjusted model.ConclusionsIn Japanese, a higher GRS was significantly associated with atrial fibrillation, cardioembolism, and stroke mortality. Our findings suggest that the GRS may predict the risk of stroke mortality and provide insights into the pathogenesis of stroke.
Early Life Predictors of Obesity and Hypertension Comorbidity at Midlife: Findings from the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS)
Authors: Stannard S , Owen RK , Berrington A , Ziauddeen N , Fraser SDS , Paranjothy S , Hoyle RB , Alwan N A 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly life exposures can increase the risk of both obesity and hypertension in adulthood. In this paper we identify exposures across five pre-hypothesised childhood domains, explore them as predictors of obesity and hypertension comorbidity using the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS), and discuss these results in comparison to a similar approach using another birth cohort (the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70)).MethodsThe analytical sample included 9150 participants. The outcome was obesity (BMI of ≥30) and hypertension (blood pressure>140/90mm Hg) comorbidity at age 44. Domains included: ‘prenatal, antenatal, neonatal and birth’, ‘developmental attributes and behaviour’, ‘child education and academic ability’, ‘socioeconomic factors’ and ‘parental and family environment’. Stepwise backward elimination selected variables for inclusion for each domain, and predicted risk scores of obesity-hypertension for each cohort member within each domain were calculated. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis including domain-specific risk scores, sex and ethnicity to assess how well the outcome could be predicted taking all domains into account. In additional analysis we included potential adult factors.ResultsIncluding all domain-specific risk scores, sex, and ethnicity in the same prediction model the area under the curve was 0.70 (95%CI 0.67-0.72). The strongest domain predictor for obesity-hypertension comorbidity was for the socioeconomic factors domain (OR 1.28 95%CI 1.18-1.38), similar to the BCS70 results. However, the parental and family environment domain was not a significant predictor for obesity-hypertension comorbidity (OR 1.08 95%CI 0.94-1.24) unlike the BCS70 results. After considering adult predictors, robust associations remained to the socioeconomic, education and academic abilities, development and behaviour, and prenatal, antenatal, neonatal and birth domains.ConclusionsIn the NCDS some early life course domains were found to be significant predictors of obesity-hypertension comorbidity, supporting previous findings. Shared early-life characteristics could have a role in predicting obesity-hypertension comorbidity, particularly for those who faced socioeconomic disadvantage.
A stretchable and biomimetic polyurethane membrane for lung alveolarin vitromodelling
Authors: Mitta Emmanouela , Gilmore Andrew P. , Malliri Angeliki , Cartmell Sarah H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe lung alveolus constitutes a morphologically and mechanistically complex tissue that is constantly subjected to cyclic tension and exhibits unique elastic properties. Available materials used to mimic alveolar tissue often lack biomimicry and the mechanical properties required for cyclic tension. Here, we report a fully synthetic fibrous polyurethane scaffold that approximates tissue stiffness, is elastic under breathing simulations and supports long-term culture of alveolar epithelial-like cells. Using electrospinning a fibrous membrane of tuneable thickness, set fibre diameter and small pore size is prepared. When subjected to cyclic uniaxial tension the material retains its elasticity at both low and high frequency mimicking human and mouse breathing. Thanks to the small pore size, lung alveolar cells can be cultured on its apical surface forming an epithelial monolayer. This monolayer can be maintained long term (at least 15 days) and in an air-liquid interface. In the latter conditions, cells differentiate and exhibit expression of surfactant protein A, a constituent of the surfactant layer that plays a key role in lung physiology. Owing to its lung-mimicking characteristics, the electrospun membrane holds the potential to be adapted for breathing lung models.
Building Inclusive Leadership: A Biosciences Approach
Authors: Armstrong Emily May , Bach Lydia , Robinson Philip , Walden Helen , Woodling Nathan , Jones Matt 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOne-size-fits-all Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) strategies and provisioning are no longer suitable for a growing and diversifying higher education landscape; as each research discipline faces its own unique challenges to inclusion. High impact research needs reliable, decisive, and holistic approaches to leadership, but managerial and leadership skills are often considered an ‘add-on’ as opposed to a necessity in modern research environments. An estimated 70% of EDI initiatives in UK Higher Education Institutions fail to flourish (Marchiondoet al. 2023) – a combinatory effect of conservative approaches to change, cultural adaptation, and departmental stability.We developed an Inclusive Leadership Programme to empower bioscientists to work autonomously and inclusively. Using a co-creation approach, the Inclusive Leadership Programme collectively defined inclusive leadership traits to create a resource. The interactive resource shares inclusive approaches to communication, feedback, recognition, and development – prioritising the experiences of those typically excluded from leadership conversations. By embedding a self-reflective scoring system, we share changes in approaches to inclusivity. After using the resource, self-perception normalises in distribution, indicating the resource provides a baseline for best practice, and space to understand personal approaches to inclusive practice in biosciences.Ultimately, the Inclusive Leadership Programme and Resource offers a template for other biological research, learning, and teaching environments to build their own tailored approach to integrating inclusivity and empowering all members to work as autonomous and inclusive leaders, regardless of seniority.