bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of an Arabic-Language Neuropsychological Battery for Epilepsy Surgical Evaluations
Authors: Al-Joudi Haya F. , Mincari Lina , Baz Salah , Nester Michael , Al-Marzouki Najla , Abalkhail Tariq , Aljehani Noha , Al-Ibrahim Camellia , Brandt Jason 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectives: This study provides a standardized Arabic language neuropsychological test battery and tests its ability to distinguish patients with left and right hemisphere epileptic foci who are candidates for surgical resection. Methods: An Arabic language battery of 15 tests was developed based on the neuropsychological test battery used at the Johns Hopkins Hospital for surgical evaluation of patients undergoing temporal lobe resection. With modifications where culturally required, 11 tests were translated to Arabic by the principal investigator and back-translated by two bilingual health professionals; four tests were available in Arabic and added to the battery. The battery was administered to 21 Arabic-speaking patients with left temporal epileptic foci, 21 with right temporal epileptic foci, and 46 neurologically and psychiatrically healthy adults. Results: Nearly all the Arabic test versions were capable of differentiating healthy controls and the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) groups. Tests known to distinguish left and right temporal lobectomy candidates, such as wordlist memory and prose recall, were able to do so as accurately as the English versions. Also, a roughly “culturally free” task (the Baltimore Board) and a newly developed version of the Boston Naming Test demonstrated some sensitivity to left temporal lobe involvement. Conclusions: Arabic-language neuropsychological tests for epilepsy surgical evaluations are made available, demonstrate cultural sensitivity and clinical validity, and require further psychometric property and normative research. (JINS, 2019, 25, 761–771)
Cooking Matters Mobile Application: a meal planning and preparation tool for low-income parents
Authors: Garvin Teresa M , Chiappone Alethea , Boyd Lisa , Stern Katie , Panichelli Jill , Edwards Hall Leigh Ann , Yaroch Amy L 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objective:
To describe low-income parents’ and caregivers’ perceptions of the Cooking Matters Mobile Application (CM App) meal planning and preparation features.
Design:
Explanatory mixed-methods design where data were gathered via online surveys based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Theory of Reasoned Action, followed by telephone interviews.
Setting:
CM App, a mobile phone-based resource geared towards low-income parents and caregivers of young children (pregnancy/infant to age 5 years) for meal planning and preparation, with features based on skills taught in the Cooking Matters course: recipes, shopping list and meal planning.
Participants:
Low-income parents and caregivers (survey participants, n 461; interview participants, n 20) who had downloaded the CM App to their smartphone and agreed to participate in the current evaluation.
Results:
Attitudes and self-efficacy related to CM App’s subject matter and functions (meal planning; recipe use; creating and using a shopping list) were measured via surveys and interviews. Mean (sd) responses were positive towards ‘meal planning’ and ‘shopping and cooking’ (4·17 (0·63) and 3·49 (0·86) on a 5-point Likert scale, respectively). Interviewees described meal planning and preparation behaviours as intrinsic, based on habit, and influenced by family preference and food costs. Early adopters of the CM App may already be engaged in and/or are motivated to engage in the targeted health behaviours.
Conclusions:
Users may benefit most from incorporating into their routines new ways to prepare easy, cost-efficient, healthy meals at home that their families will enjoy.
Ion Beam Induced Artifacts in Lead-Based Chalcogenides
Authors: Zhang Xiaomi , Hao Shiqiang , Tan Gangjian , Hu Xiaobing , Roth Eric W. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Wolverton Chris , Dravid Vinayak P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetal chalcogenides have attracted great attention because of their broad applications. It has been well acknowledged that microstructure can alter the intrinsic properties and performance of metal chalcogenides. The structure–property–performance relationships can be investigated at atomic scale with scanning transmission and transmission electron microscopy (STEM and TEM). Nevertheless, careful specimen preparation is paramount for accurate analyses and interpretations. In this work, we compare the effects of a variety of well-established TEM specimen preparation methods on the observed microstructure of an ingot stoichiometric lead telluride (PbTe). Most importantly, from aberration corrected STEM and first principles calculations, we discovered that argon (Ar) ion milling can lead to surface irradiation damage in the form of Pb vacancy clusters and self-interstitial atom (SIA) clusters. The SIA clusters appear as orthogonal nanoscale features when characterized along the <001> crystal orientation of the rock salt structured PbTe. This obfuscates the interpretation of the intrinsic microstructure of metal chalcogenides, especially lead chalcogenides. We demonstrate that with sufficiently low energy (300 eV) Ar ion cleaning or appropriate high-temperature annealing, the surface damage layer can be properly cleaned and the orthogonal nanoscale features are significantly reduced. This reveals the materials’ intrinsic structure and can be used as the standard protocol for future TEM specimen preparation of lead-based chalcogenide materials.
Acomprehensive computer database for medical physics on-call program
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed , Chow James C. L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurpose: A comprehensive and robust computer database was built to record and analyse the medical physics on-call data in emergency radiotherapy. The probability distributions of the on-call events varying with day and week were studied.Materials and methods: Variables of medical physics on-call events such as date and time of the event, number of event per day/week/month, treatment site of the event and identity of the on-call physicist were input to a programmed Excel file. The Excel file was linked to the MATLAB platform for data transfer and analysis. The total number of on-call events per day in a week and per month in a year were calculated based on the physics on-call data in 2010–18. In addition, probability distributions of on-call events varying with days in a week (Monday–Sunday) and months (January–December) in a year were determined.Results: For the total number of medical physics on-call events per week in 2010–18, it was found that the number was similar from Sundays to Thursdays but increased significantly on Fridays before the weekend. The total number of events in a year showed that the physics on-call events increased gradually from January up to March, then decreased in April and slowly increased until another peak in September. The number of events decreased in October from September, and increased again to reach another peak in December. It should be noted that March, September and December are months close to Easter, Labour Day and Christmas, when radiation staff usually take long holidays.Conclusions: A database to record and analyse the medical physics on-call data was created. Different variables such as the number of events per week and per year could be plotted. This roster could consider the statistical results to prepare a schedule with better balance of workload compared with scheduling it randomly. Moreover, the emergency radiotherapy team could use the analysed results to enhance their budget/resource allocation and strategic planning.
The association of pain and stiffness with fatigue in incident polymyalgia rheumatica: baseline results from the polymyalgia rheumatica cohort study
Authors: Prior J.A. , Muller S. , Helliwell T. , Hider S.L. , Barraclough K. , Dasgupta B. , Mallen C.D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe aimed to examine the association between pain, stiffness and fatigue in newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) patients using baseline data from a prospective cohort study. Fatigue is a known, but often ignored symptom of PMR. Newly diagnosed PMR patients were recruited from general practice and mailed a baseline questionnaire. This included a numerical rating scale for pain and stiffness severity, manikins identifying locations of pain and stiffness and the FACIT-Fatigue questionnaire. A total of 652 PMR patients responded (88.5%). The mean age of responders was 72.6 years (SD 9.0) and the majority were female (62.0%). Manikin data demonstrated that bilateral shoulder and hip pain and stiffness were common. The mean fatigue score (FACIT) was 33.9 (SD 12.4). Adjusted regression analysis demonstrated that a higher number of pain sites (23–44 sites) and higher pain and stiffness severity were associated with greater levels of fatigue. In newly diagnosed PMR patients, fatigue was associated with PMR symptom severity.
Developmental biology and host range ofParapoynx fluctuosalisandP. diminutalisricefield caseworms
Authors: Litsinger James A. , Chantaraprapha Narong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe host plant range of two ricefield caseworms,Parapoynx fluctuosalis(Zeller) andP. diminutalisSnellen (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was determined from screening rice and 61 weeds in the Philippines. Both species developed best on the aquatic weedHydrilla verticillata(L.f.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae).Parapoynx fluctuosalisalso completed a full generation from egg to egg onCyperus brevifolius(Rottb.) Hassk. (Cyperaceae),Commelina diffusaBurm. f. (Commelinaceae),Leptochloa chinensis(L.) Nees, andPaspalum conjugatumBerg (Poaceae).Parapoynx diminutaliscompleted a generation onChara vulgarisL. (Characeae),Ottelia alismoides(L.) Vahl andBlyxa aubertiRich. (Hydrocharitaceae), andCyperus rotundusL. (Cyperaceae).
Inheritance of resistance in grain sorghum to Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)
Authors: Wenzel W. G. , Berg J. Van Den 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe inheritance of resistance in grain sorghum to the spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied in F3 plants derived from crosses between nine locally adapted inbred lines and two sources of resistance. Antibiosis resistance was measured as the relative growth rate of larvae in the whorls of 6-week-old plants. Most F3 plants were either as resistant as, or more resistant than, the resistant parent. This indicated dominance of resistance over susceptibility and the occurrence of transgressive segregation. The segregation pattern in the F3 generation suggested the presence of at least four dominant genes. Two families homozygous for these genes were identified.
Utilisation of farmers' practices and perceptions in the formulation of pest management strategies for cowpea production in southern Sierra Leone
Authors: Alghali A. M. , Pratt D. E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSurvey questionnaires were administered to 50 farmers in three chiefdoms in the Moyamba District of southern Sierra Leone. The study was undertaken to gain insight into the indigenous farming practices for cowpea with emphasis on pest management. This is to serve as a guide in drawing up a research agenda and identifying appropriate measures for the control of cowpea pests. Farm sizes were generally small, usually less than 2 ha of intercropped cowpea. This suggests that the farmers were mostly subsistent and would require low cost inputs to boost production. Vertebrate and insect pests were identified by the farmers as limiting cowpea grain production. Insect pests were considered more serious than vertebrates. Pest control was mostly traditional and involved cultural measures such as weeding of plots, fencing, trapping and scaring of birds. These may be inefficient and labour intensive. Varieties planted by the farmers were mostly land races that have low yield potential and lack some other desirable agronomic character like semi-erectness and bold seeds. Selection criteria in breeding programmes should incorporate farmers' preferences which include high yields, sweet taste, resistance to pests and diseases, compatibility with the farming systems and acceptable seed appearance that would enhance marketing. The study further revealed that at present cowpea is grown mostly as a secondary crop. Therefore, introduced pest control efforts would have to be cheap, easy to adopt and integrative. These would include:(a) education on control options hitherto unknown to the farmers;(b) identifying and developing effective strategies that are low cost, labour insensitive, environmentally friendly and compatible with the socioculturel background of the farming community; and(c) creating awareness on the necessity for the inputs to be readily available and affordable at the local government level.
Effects of Co-worker and Supervisor Support on Nurses’ Energy and Motivation through Role Ambiguity and Psychological Flexibility
Authors: Blanco-Donoso Luis Manuel , Moreno-Jiménez Bernardo , Pereira Gladis , Garrosa Eva 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne of the job resources most strongly associated with nurses’ well-being and motivation is social support. However, the psychosocial mechanisms that would explain this relationship have not been sufficiently researched. Thus, the main aim of this study was analyze whether this relationship could be mediated by two variables: role ambiguity and psychological flexibility. A total of 196 nurses from various Spanish hospitals and primary health care centers participated in this cross-sectional study. A multiple mediation analysis was run using the “PROCESS” macro script in SPSS 23.0. The results showed that co-worker support was related to higher levels of vigor and vitality through role ambiguity (Estimate = .158, 95% CI [.050, .298], and Estimate = .212, 95% CI [.076, .390], respectively). The same applied to supervisor support, (Estimate = .197, 95% CI [.059, .378], and Estimate = .212, 95% CI [.076, .390], respectively). Co-worker support was also related to higher levels of vigor and vitality through psychological flexibility, (Estimate = .132, 95% CI [.048, .271], and Estimate = .216, 95% CI [.086, .394], respectively). The same applied to supervisor support (Estimate = .092, 95% CI [.024, .208], and Estimate = .157, 95% CI [.035, .333], respectively). However, in the relationships between co-worker, supervisor support and exhaustion, only psychological flexibility played a mediating role. In conclusion, social support in nursing is a job resource that is associated with high levels of energy and motivation among nurses through the mediating role of certain job demands and personal resources.
The effect of cotton growth stage on response to a sublethal concentration of 2,4-D
Authors: Buol John T. , Reynolds Daniel B. , Dodds Darrin M. , Mills J. Anthony , Nichols Robert L. , Bond Jason A. , Jenkins Johnie N. , DuBien Janice L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent commercialization of auxin herbicide–based weed control systems has led to increased off-target exposure of susceptible cotton cultivars to auxin herbicides. Off-target deposition of dilute concentrations of auxin herbicides can occur on cotton at any stage of growth. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Mississippi from 2014 to 2016 to assess the response of cotton at various growth stages after exposure to a sublethal 2,4-D concentration of 8.3 g ae ha−1. Herbicide applications occurred weekly from 0 to 14 weeks after emergence (WAE). Cotton exposure to 2,4-D at 2 to 9 WAE resulted in up to 64% visible injury, whereas 2,4-D exposure 5 to 6 WAE resulted in machine-harvested yield reductions of 18% to 21%. Cotton maturity was delayed after exposure 2 to 10 WAE, and height was increased from exposure 6 to 9 WAE due to decreased fruit set after exposure. Total hand-harvested yield was reduced from 2,4-D exposure 3, 5 to 8, and 13 WAE. Growth stage at time of exposure influenced the distribution of yield by node and position. Yield on lower and inner fruiting sites generally decreased from exposure, and yield partitioned to vegetative or aborted positions and upper fruiting sites increased. Reductions in gin turnout, micronaire, fiber length, fiber-length uniformity, and fiber elongation were observed after exposure at certain growth stages, but the overall effects on fiber properties were small. These results indicate that cotton is most sensitive to low concentrations of 2,4-D during late vegetative and squaring growth stages.
Nitrogen application after plant growth regulator herbicide drift reduces soybean growth and yield
Authors: Van de Stroet Brian , Reicks Graig , Joshi Deepak , Subramanian Sen , Clay David , Clay Sharon A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe success of dicamba-tolerant soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] has revived concerns about plant growth regulator (PGR) herbicide exposure to conventional soybean. In laboratory studies, soybean root nodulation is inhibited by excess auxin, which is the mechanism of action of PGR herbicides. Soybean exposed to PGRs in a field environment may have a similar response, and if nodulation is compromised, nitrogen (N) fixation may be reduced, with subsequent seed yield or protein content decreases. Many soybean–N studies report minimal impact to soybean yield. However, if soybeans show foliar PGR injury symptoms, could N application compensate for a potential nodulation inhibition response? This study examined the response of non–PGR tolerant soybean to N after exposure to low doses of 2,4-D and dicamba applied once (at soybean growth stages V1, V3, and early reproduction [R1 or R2]) or twice (V1 + V3 or V3 + R). N was either foliar or soil applied at early (∼5 d after PGR application) or late (10 d after PGR application) timings. Nodulation and plant growth were evaluated at R3, and grain yield and seed protein and oil content were quantified at maturity. Plant biomass and nodulation were reduced by 10% with some PGR treatments, and early foliar N application after PGR injury resulted in reduction up to 25%. N applications to non–PGR treated soybean did not increase yield. Soybean treated with PGR at V1 or V3, with or without N, had yields similar to control treatments. However, yield reductions of up to 20% were observed when PGRs were applied at V5 or R stages or when double PGR applications were followed by early foliar N application. Seed protein and oil content were not affected by PGR or N treatment.
Unfair Rules for Unequal Pay: Wage Discrimination and Procedural Justice
Authors: Bokemper Scott E. , Descioli Peter , Kline Reuben 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDo people judge some forms of wage discrimination to be more unfair than others? We report an experiment in an online labor market in which participants were paid based on discriminatory rules. We test hypotheses about fairness based on procedural justice, divisiveness, and affective polarization between partisans. Workers transcribed text and then learned that they earned more or less money than other workers for doing the same job. We manipulated whether the unequal pay was based on their political party, eye color, or an arbitrary choice between two doors. Consistent with the divisiveness hypothesis, participants judged discriminatory pay to be less fair when it was based on a stable characteristic, political party, or eye color, compared to a transient choice (between doors). We find mixed evidence about how affective polarization exacerbates the unfairness of partisan discrimination. We discuss implications for the procedural justice of wage discrimination.
Noise Suppression Method for Magnetic Resonance Sounding Signals Based on Double Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Tian Baofeng , Ren Hua , Yi Xiaofeng , Du Guanfeng , Jiang Chuandong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMagnetic resonance sounding (MRS) is a geophysical method that directly detects, evaluates, and monitors groundwater resource. The amplitude of the MRS signal detected by the instrument is on the order of nanovolts, resulting in very sensitive to environmental noise and power line harmonics. The singular value decomposition (SVD) method separates the signal from the noise based on the different component contributions to the singular values between the MRS signal and noise. In this paper, we propose a noise suppression method based on double SVD (DSVD) for the reliably extraction of an MRS signal with high‐level noise. The first SVD process is to extract the harmonics from the noise‐only data, in which the MRS signal is removed by a band‐stop filter. After subtracting the extracted harmonics from the measured data, we use the SVD algorithm a second time to obtain the MRS signal with further suppression of random noise. From the synthetic results with different signal‐to‐noise ratios, we conclude that the DSVD method improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio by more than 28 dB, and the fitting errors of the initial amplitude and relaxation time are ±2% and ±3%, respectively. Moreover, we analyze the selection criterion for the two key parameters of the algorithm, the delay step size, and the decomposition order. The processing of measured field data further validates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Finally, discussions with other denoising algorithms show that the DSVD algorithm has better performance in a variety of noise case.
Evaluation of an Online Grid‐Coarsening Algorithm in a Global Eddy‐Admitting Ocean Biogeochemical Model
Authors: Berthet Sarah , Séférian Roland , Bricaud Clément , Chevallier Matthieu , Voldoire Aurore , Ethé Christian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn order to explore the effects of mesoscale eddies on marine biogeochemistry over climate timescales, global ocean biogeochemical general circulation models (OBGCMs) need at least to be run at a horizontal resolution of a 0.25°, the minimal resolution admitting eddies. However, their use is currently limited because of a prohibitive computational cost and storage requirements. To overcome this problem, an online coarsening algorithm is evaluated in the oceanic component (NEMO‐GELATO‐PISCES) of CNRM‐ESM2‐1. This algorithm allows to compute biogeochemical processes at a coarse resolution (0.75°) while inheriting most of the dynamical characteristics of the eddy‐admitting OBGCM (0.25°). Through the coarse‐graining process, the effective resolution of the ocean dynamics seen by the biogeochemical model is higher than that which would be obtained from an OBGCM run at 0.75°. In this context, we assess how much the increase from low (1°) to coarse‐grained horizontal resolution impacts the ocean dynamics and the marine biogeochemistry over long‐term climate simulations. The online coarsening reduces the computational cost by 60% with respect to that of the eddy‐admitting OBGCM. In addition, it improves the representation of chlorophyll, nutrients, oxygen, and sea‐air carbon fluxes over more than half of the open ocean area compared to the 1° OBGCM. Most importantly, the coarse‐grained OBGCM captures the physical‐biogeochemical coupling between sea‐air carbon fluxes and sea surface height and between oxygen minimum zone boundaries and eddies, as produced by the eddy‐admitting OBGCM. Such a cost‐efficient coarsening algorithm offers a good trade‐off to conduct process‐based studies over centennial timescales at higher resolution.