bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal activation of the C/EBPβ/δ-secretase axis regulates the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Hualong , Liu Xia , Chen Shengdi , Ye Keqiang 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Our most recent reports demonstrate that δ-secretase (AEP) cleaves both APP and Tau, promoting Ab and neurofibrillary tangle formation. Depletion of δ-secretase diminishes Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies and restores cognitive functions in AD mouse models. Moreover, we found that C/EBPβ, an inflammatory cytokine or Ab-activated transcription factor, dictates δ-secretase expression during aging. Overexpression of C/EBPβ facilitates AD pathologies via upregulating δ-secretase, whereas depletion of C/EBPβ reduces AD pathologies. In the current study, we examined the pathological roles of the C/EBPβ/δ-secretase axis in different AD mouse models, at different time points, and in different brain regions and found that this pathway plays a critical role in mediating AD pathologies and cognitive function. Hence, C/EBPβ/δ-secretase spatiotemporally mediates AD pathogenesis.
Optical stimulation of cardiac cells with a polymer-supported silicon nanowire matrix
Authors: Parameswaran Ramya , Koehler Kelliann , Rotenberg Menahem Y. , Burke Michael J. , Kim Jungkil , Jeong Kwang-Yong , Hissa Barbara , Paul Michael D. , Moreno Kiela , Sarma Nivedina , Hayes Thomas , Sudzilovsky Edward , Park Hong-Gyu , Tian Bozhi 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Cardiac conduction disorders are potentially fatal illnesses caused by abnormalities in the heart’s electrical conduction system. Current treatments for these disorders, such as pacemakers, are effective but are bulky, rigid, and invasive. Here we develop a method to optically modulate cardiac beating frequency in primary cultured cardiomyocytes and adult rat hearts ex vivo, to a specified target frequency. Specifically, we use a low-irradiance moving laser stimulus and a biocompatible polymer–silicon nanowire composite material to achieve this modulation. This work has implications for future bioelectric studies of the cardiac conduction system as well as therapeutics for cardiac conduction disorders in the clinic.
Nanotechnology-mediated crossing of two impermeable membranes to modulate the stars of the neurovascular unit for neuroprotection
Authors: Surnar Bapurao , Basu Uttara , Banik Bhabatosh , Ahmad Anis , Marples Brian , Kolishetti Nagesh , Dhar Shanta 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Neurodegenerative disorders touch many lives in the form of various diseases. Therapeutic interventions of such disorders are limited due to the difficulty in reaching the neurons by crossing the impermeable blood–brain barrier. Scientists have created nanoscopic particles to take therapeutics to the brain; however, the results have not been very encouraging due to the inefficient ability of the nanoplatforms in crossing the blood–brain barrier and to accumulate in the target neuron cells effectively as uptake of nanomaterials by neurons is difficult to achieve. We provide a biodegradable nanoparticle platform with efficient brain astrocyte accumulation properties to provide an alternative approach to tackle neurodegenerative processes by improving and enhancing astrocyte’s natural protection ability toward neurons for neuromedicine.
Characterization of the bagremycin biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces sp. Tü 4128
Authors: Ye Jiang , Zhu Yunxia , Hou Bingbing , Wu Haizhen , Zhang Huizhan 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
Bagremycin A and bagremycin B isolated from Streptomyces sp. Tü 4128 have activities against Gram-positive bacteria, fungi and also have a weak antitumor activity, which make them have great potential for development of novel antibiotics. Here, we report a draft genome 8,424,112 bp in length of S. sp. Tü 4128 by Illumina Hiseq2000, and identify the bagremycins biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) by bioinformatics analysis. The putative bagremycins BGC includes 16 open reading frames (ORFs) with the functions of biosynthesis, resistance and regulation. Disruptions of relative genes and HPLC analysis of bagremycins production demonstrated that not all the genes within the BGC are responsible for the biosynthesis of bagremycins. In addition, the biosynthetic pathways of bagremycins are proposed for deeper inquiries into their intriguing biosynthetic mechanism.
Interplanting Different Varieties of a Sweet Potato Crop to Reduce Damage by Oligophagous Insect Pests
Authors: Ichinose K , Reddy G V P , Shrestha G , Sharma A , Okada Y , Yoshida M , Sakai Tetsufumi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
One complementary or alternative control measure to chemical insecticide is interplanting of plants that affect insect behavior. While few successes are known based on interplanting of different varieties of the same crop, such intra-crop interplanting may be effective against insects that feed on a limited range of plants and have persistent preference to one cultivar. Here, we report three field trials that examined the efficacy of intra-crop interplanting of sweet potato varieties, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck (Solanales: Convolvulaceae), on an oligophagous weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), planting a preferred variety, Beni-masari, together with a less preferred one, Kyushu 166. In the first experiment, Beni-masari was planted as a border around Kyushu 166 and this arrangement decreased tuber damage in the main crop (Kyushu 166), although damage reduction was not statistically significant from monoculture plantings of Kyushu 166. In the second experiment, both varieties were planted in plots spaced 3 m apart to test the attractiveness of Beni-masari to weevils from Kyushu 166. No attractive effects of Beni-masari were observed. In the third experiment, the two varieties were planted in separate plots that were contiguous to each other, and in this experiment Beni-masari preferentially attracted weevils away from Kyushu 166 within 3 m distance, and tuber damage in Kyushu 166 within that zone was reduced owing to the attractiveness of Beni-masari. We discuss the potential of the intra-crop interplanting in pest management.
Utility of a Simple and Robust Flow Cytometry Assay for Rapid Clonality Testing in Mature Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Novikov Natasha D , Griffin Gabriel K , Dudley Graham , Drew Mai , Rojas-Rudilla Vanesa , Lindeman Neal I , Dorfman David M 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesFlow cytometry immunophenotyping is limited by poor resolution of T-cell clones. A newly described antibody was recently used to distinguish normal peripheral blood T cells from malignant T-cell clones. Here, we evaluate this antibody as a new diagnostic tool for detecting T-cell clonality in mature peripheral T-cell lymphomas.MethodsImmunostaining for the T-cell receptor β chain constant region 1 (TRBC1) along with routine T-cell markers was performed on 51 peripheral blood and two bone marrow samples submitted to the flow cytometry laboratory for suspected T-cell malignancy.ResultsTRBC immunophenotyping identified malignant T-cell clones with 97% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Findings correlated with molecular T-cell clonality testing. In cases with equivocal molecular results, TRBC1 immunophenotyping provided additional diagnostic information.ConclusionsTRBC1 flow cytometric immunophenotyping is a robust and inexpensive method for identifying T-cell clonality that could easily be incorporated into routine flow cytometric practice.
Genetic associations and regulation of expression indicate an independent role for 14q32 snoRNAs in human cardiovascular disease
Authors: Håkansson Kjell E J , Goossens Eveline A C , Trompet Stella , van Ingen Eva , de Vries Margreet R , van der Kwast Reginald V C T , Ripa Rasmus S , Kastrup Jens , Hohensinner Philipp J , Kaun Christoph , Wojta Johann , Böhringer Stefan , Le Cessie Saskia , Jukema J Wouter , Quax Paul H A , Nossent A Yaël 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Aims
We have shown that 14q32 microRNAs are highly involved in vascular remodelling and cardiovascular disease. However, the 14q32 locus also encodes 41 ‘orphan’ small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). We aimed to gather evidence for an independent role for 14q32 snoRNAs in human cardiovascular disease.

Methods and results
We performed a lookup of the 14q32 region within the dataset of a genome wide association scan in 5244 participants of the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the snoRNA-cluster were significantly associated with heart failure. These snoRNA-cluster SNPs were not linked to SNPs in the microRNA-cluster or in MEG3, indicating that snoRNAs modify the risk of cardiovascular disease independently. We looked at expression of 14q32 snoRNAs throughout the human cardio-vasculature. Expression profiles of the 14q32 snoRNAs appeared highly vessel specific. When we compared expression levels of 14q32 snoRNAs in human vena saphena magna (VSM) with those in failed VSM-coronary bypasses, we found that 14q32 snoRNAs were up-regulated. SNORD113.2, which showed a 17-fold up-regulation in failed bypasses, was also up-regulated two-fold in plasma samples drawn from patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction directly after hospitalization compared with 30 days after start of treatment. However, fitting with the genomic associations, 14q32 snoRNA expression was highest in failing human hearts. In vitro studies show that the 14q32 snoRNAs bind predominantly to methyl-transferase Fibrillarin, indicating that they act through canonical mechanisms, but on non-canonical RNA targets. The canonical C/D-box snoRNA seed sequences were highly conserved between humans and mice.

Conclusion
14q32 snoRNAs appear to play an independent role in cardiovascular pathology. 14q32 snoRNAs are specifically regulated throughout the human vasculature and their expression is up-regulated during cardiovascular disease. Our data demonstrate that snoRNAs merit increased effort and attention in future basic and clinical cardiovascular research.
Alliance and Public Preference for Nuclear Forbearance: Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Ko Jiyoung 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHow does a patron state dampen a client state's domestic aspirations for developing nuclear weapons? What nonproliferation tools most effectively induce a client state's domestic preference for nuclear forbearance? This article assesses the relative effectiveness of three nonproliferation tools available to a nuclear patron: a declaration of extended deterrence, forward deployment of nuclear weapons, and a conditional threat of punishment. More specifically, using experimental data on the South Korean public, this article examines whether nuclear forward-deployment and a conditional threat of punishment are more effective than a declaratory policy in enhancing the credibility of extended deterrence and curbing public aspirations for nuclearization. The experimental results show that neither nuclear forward-deployment nor a conditional threat of punishment reduces public support for nuclear armament significantly more than a declaratory policy. They also reveal that compared to when a nuclear ally does not exist, the three nonproliferation tools do not necessarily dampen the public's preference for developing indigenous nuclear weapons. The robustness of the findings is assessed using an experiment on a small sample of government officials. Taken together, this study provides the first experimental evidence on public perception of different nonproliferation tools in a client state.
The Political Class and Redistributive Policies
Authors: Corvalan Alejandro , Querubín Pablo , Vicente Sergio 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We study the relationship between the composition of the political class and the size of government. First, we use a citizen-candidate model to show that the extension of suffrage is inconsequential for government spending when stricter eligibility requirements are in place. The removal of eligibility requirements, on the other hand, leads to the election of less wealthy politicians and the enactment of more redistributive policies. We test these predictions empirically using data from the 13 U.S. original states. We find no robust correlation between the extension of the franchise and government spending or the composition of the political class. However, the subsequent elimination of eligibility restrictions is associated with an increase in government spending and the election of state senators with a less elite background.
Neutrino emission from BL Lac objects: the role of radiatively inefficient accretion flows
Authors: Righi C , Tavecchio F , Inoue S 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe origin of the astrophysical high-energy neutrinos discovered by IceCube is currently a major mystery. The recent detection of IceCube-170922A, an ∼300 TeV neutrino potentially correlated with the flaring γ-ray source TXS 0506+056, directs attention towards BL Lac objects (BL Lacs), the subclass of blazars with weak emission lines. While high-energy neutrinos can be produced via photohadronic interactions between protons accelerated in their jets and ambient low-energy photons, the density of the latter in such objects had generally been thought to be too low for efficient neutrino emission. Here we consider the role of radiatively inefficient accretion flows (RIAFs), which can plausibly exist in the nuclei of BL Lacs, as the source of target photons for neutrino production. Based on simple model prescriptions for the spectra of RIAFs at different accretion rates, we find that they can be sufficiently intense to allow appreciable neutrino emission for the class of low-synchrotron-peak BL Lacs such as TXS 0506+056. In contrast, for high-synchrotron-peak BL Lacs, including Mkn 421 and Mkn 501, the contribution of RIAFs is subdominant and their neutrino production efficiency can remain low, consistent with their non-detection by IceCube to date.
Work–family reconciliation policies and women’s and mothers’ labor market outcomes in rich democracies
Authors: Brady David , Blome Agnes , Kmec Julie A 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProminent research has claimed that work–family reconciliation policies trigger ‘tradeoffs’ and ‘paradoxes’ in terms of gender equality with adverse labor market consequences for women. These claims have greatly influenced debates regarding social policy, work, family and gender inequality. Motivated by limitations of prior research, we analyze the relationship between the two most prominent work–family reconciliation policies (paid parental leave and public childcare coverage) and seven labor market outcomes (employment, full-time employment, earnings, full-time earnings, being a manager, being a lucrative manager and occupation percent female). We estimate multilevel models of individuals nested in a cross-section of 21 rich democracies near 2005, and two-way fixed effects models of individuals nested in a panel of 12 rich democracies over time. The vast majority of coefficients for work–family policies fail to reject the null hypothesis of no effects. The pattern of insignificance occurs regardless of which set of models or coefficients one compares. Moreover, there is as much evidence that significantly contradicts the ‘tradeoff hypothesis’ as is consistent with the hypothesis. Altogether, the analyses undermine claims that work–family reconciliation policies trigger trade-offs and paradoxes in terms of gender equality with adverse labor market consequences for women.
A coordinate-based meta-analysis comparing brain activation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and total sleep deprivation
Authors: Saletin Jared M , Jackvony Stephanie , Rodriguez Katherina A , Dickstein Daniel P 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep disruption is common in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Likewise, deficits in attention are a hallmark of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals. Whether ADHD and sleep deprivation modulate common, or disparate, neural systems is unknown. No study has yet utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate sleep loss in ADHD. We address this gap by performing a novel meta-analysis to compare patterns of fMRI activation during sleep deprivation and ADHD.

Methods
We performed a coordinate-based activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis using the GingerALE software. A systematic review of task-based fMRI studies of sleep deprivation vs. rested and also ADHD vs. healthy controls (HC) yielded 134 articles. fMRI coordinates were extracted for each contrast (i.e. “ADHD vs. HC,” “TSD vs. Rested”) and normalized to the Talairach-atlas. Separate ALE analyses were performed for ADHD and sleep deprivation. We directly compared these initial estimates to determine shared vs. distinct areas of fMRI neural activation in ADHD and sleep deprivation.

Results
Conjunction analyses revealed overlapping hypoactivations between ADHD and sleep loss in executive function regions, notably the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Sleep deprivation, however, was associated with significantly exaggerated hyperactivation in the thalamus.

Conclusions
Our study indicates that ADHD and sleep deprivation share a common neural signature: hypoactivation of executive function neuroanatomy. In contrast, sleep loss, but not ADHD, was associated with thalamic hyperactivations, intimating a potential compensatory response in sleep loss not present in ADHD. By elucidating shared and distinct patterns of functional neuroanatomy, these data provide novel targets for future experimental investigations of sleep loss in ADHD.
Minimal change disease
Authors: Mitchell-Brown Fay M. , Veisze Tiernan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:
Although minimal change disease (MCD) is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, it's less common in adults. It develops from damage to the glomeruli with a loss of large amounts of protein in the urine. Early recognition and treatment is the key to a good outcome. This article describes the diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care of an adult with MCD.
Intravenous and Oral Tranexamic Acid Are Equivalent at Reducing Blood Loss in Thoracolumbar Spinal Fusion
Authors: Yu Charles C. , Kadri Omar , Kadado Allen , Buraimoh Morenikeji , Pawloski Jacob , Bartol Stephen , Graziano Gregory 
Published: December 2018

Study Design.
A prospective randomized trial of patients enrolled at a university affiliated tertiary medical center between February and December 2017.

Objective.
To compare perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing elective posterior thoracolumbar fusion who were treated with intravenous (IV) versus oral (PO) tranexamic acid (TXA).

Summary of Background Data.
The use of antifibrinolytic agents such as TXA to decrease operative blood loss and allogenic blood transfusions is well documented in the literature. While evidence supports the use of IV and topical formulations of TXA in spine surgery, the use of PO TXA has not been studied.

Methods.
Eighty-three patients undergoing thoracolumbar fusion were randomized to receive 1.95 g of PO TXA 2 hours preoperatively or 2 g IV TXA (1 g before incision and 1 g before wound closure) intraoperatively. The sample was further stratified into three categories based on number of levels fused (1–2 level fusions, 3–5, and >5). The primary outcome was the reduction of hemoglobin. Secondary outcomes included calculated blood loss, drain output, postoperative transfusion, complications, and length of hospital stay. Equivalence analysis was performed with a two one-sided test (TOST). A P-value of <0.05 suggested equivalence between treatments.

Results.
Fourty three patients received IV TXA and 40 patients received PO TXA. Patient demographic factors were similar between groups except for body mass index (BMI). The mean reduction of hemoglobin was similar between IV and PO groups (3.36 g/dL vs. 3.43 g/dL, respectively; P = 0.01, equivalence). Similarly, the calculated blood loss was equivalent (1235 mL vs. 1312 mL, respectively; P = 0.02, equivalence). Eight patients (19%) in IV TXA group received a transfusion compared with five patients in PO TXA group (13%) (P = 0.44). One patient (2% and 3% in IV and PO, respectively) in each group experienced a deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (P = 0.96).

Conclusion.
Patients treated with IV and PO TXA experienced the same perioperative blood loss after spinal fusions. Given its lower cost, PO TXA represents an excellent alternative to IV TXA in patients undergoing elective posterior thoracolumbar fusion and may improve healthcare cost-efficiency in the studied population.

Level of Evidence: 1
High Prevalence of Spinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Asymptomatic Young Adults (18–22 Yrs) Candidate to Air Force Flight
Authors: Romeo Valeria , Covello Mario , Salvatore Elena , Parente Chiara Anna , Abbenante Domenico , Biselli Roberto , Ciriello Mattia , Musolino Pasquale , Salvatore Marco , Cangiano Alessandro 
Published: December 2018

Study Design.
Cross-sectional, retrospective, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging study, performed during cadets’ selection procedures of the Italian Air Force Academy.

Objective.
To assess the prevalence of spinal MR imaging findings in asymptomatic young adults (18–22 yrs) candidate to Air Force Flight.

Summary of Background Data.
Spinal MR imaging findings are frequently detected in asymptomatic subjects. Literature prevalence data come from studies that analyze different patient populations, in a wide age range and in different spinal tracts. Chronic degenerative disease of the vertebral column often occurs in pilots exposed to high flight acceleration forces, thus resulting crucial for Air Force Academy to exclude vertebral disease in cadets.

Methods.
Three hundred fifty asymptomatic young adults underwent a 3T MR examination of the entire spine. A structured radiological report was set up to classify and calculate the prevalence of spinal MR imaging findings.

Results.
Two hundred seventy of 350 subjects (77%) presented spinal MR findings, while 80 of 350 candidates (23%) had no detectable MR imaging findings. One hundred six of 350 (30%) candidates had at least one disc desiccation and 47 of 350 (13%) presented at least one disc narrowing. Disc bulging was found in 176 of 350 (49%) cadets. Sixty-two of 350 (18%) subjects showed disc protrusion while 28 of 350 (8%) had disc extrusion. Forty-five of 350 (13%) candidates presented low grade intervertebral spondylosis and of these 12 had also facet joints spondylosis. Asymptomatic vertebral fractures were observed in 2 of 350 (<1%) cadets.

Conclusion.
A high rate of MR spinal imaging findings, similar to that of the adult population, was detected in our population of young asymptomatic subjects. Our results suggest that the process of aging spine, which is supposed to begin in the second decade of life, is morphologically appreciable in the immediate postadolescent period and this issue is of crucial importance when selecting military pilots.

Level of Evidence: 4
Hypercellular Encapsulated Neuroma Imitating Desmoplastic Melanoma
Authors: May Caitlin , LeBoit Philip , McCalmont Timothy , Argenyi Zsolt 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:
Palisaded encapsulated neuromas (PENs) are benign cutaneous nerve sheath proliferations that typically occur as flesh-colored papules solitarily on the head and neck in adults, with a slight predilection for females. Histopathologically, they are partially or completely encapsulated intradermal nodules with Schwann cells and axons in fascicles separated by clefts. Although these features are often characteristic, the hypercellular variant of PEN can pose a diagnostic challenge in distinguishing between other cellular neural and melanocytic lesions. We herein report a case of hypercellular PEN, which showed striking similarity to desmoplastic melanoma.