bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Precipitation Forecasts by Merging Extrapolation-Based Nowcast and Numerical Weather Prediction with Locally Optimized Weights
Authors: Kotsuki Shunji , Kurosawa Kenta , Otsuka Shigenori , Terasaki Koji , Miyoshi Takemasa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOver the past few decades, precipitation forecasts by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models have been remarkably improved. Yet, precipitation nowcasting based on spatiotemporal extrapolation tends to provide a better precipitation forecast at shorter lead times with much less computation. Therefore, merging the precipitation forecasts from the NWP and extrapolation systems would be a viable approach to quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF). Although the optimal weights between the NWP and extrapolation systems are usually defined as a global constant, the weights would vary in space, particularly for global QPF. This study proposes a method to find the optimal weights at each location using the local threat score (LTS), a spatially localized version of the threat score. We test the locally optimal weighting with a global NWP system composed of the local ensemble transform Kalman filter and the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM-LETKF). For the extrapolation system, the RIKEN’s global precipitation nowcasting system called GSMaP_RNC is used. GSMaP_RNC extrapolates precipitation patterns from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)’s Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP). The benefit of merging in global precipitation forecast lasts longer compared to regional precipitation forecast. The results show that the locally optimal weighting is beneficial.
Predictors of Penetration-Aspiration in Parkinson’s Disease Patients With Dysphagia: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Gaeckle Maren , Domahs Frank , Kartmann Angelika , Tomandl Bernd , Frank Ulrike 
Published: April 2019

Objective:Penetration-aspiration is considered the most severe sign of dysphagia, with aspiration pneumonia as one of its consequences. More than half of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients suffer from dysphagia, and aspiration pneumonia is among the primary causes of mortality in PD patients. However, the identification of predictors of penetration-aspiration in PD patients remains an understudied topic. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of penetration-aspiration in patients with PD.Methods:The data of 89 PD patients with dysphagia who underwent routinely conducted videofluoroscopic studies of swallowing (VFSS) were included in this retrospective study. The occurrence of penetration-aspiration was defined as scores ≥3 on the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). Four commonly reported signs of dysphagia in PD patients were evaluated as possible predictors. Furthermore, the relationships between the occurrence of penetration-aspiration and liquid bolus volume as well as clinical severity of PD (modified Hoehn and Yahr scale) were examined.Results:Logistic regression showed that a delayed initiation of the pharyngeal swallow (odds ratio [OR] = 7.47, P = .008) and a reduced hyolaryngeal excursion (OR = 5.13, P = .012) were predictors of penetration-aspiration. Moreover, there was a strong, positive correlation between increasing liquid bolus volume and penetration-aspiration (γ = 0.71, P < .001). No correlation was found between severity of PD and penetration-aspiration (γ = 0.077, P = .783).Conclusion:Results of the present study allow for a better understanding of penetration-aspiration risk in PD patients. They are useful for treatment planning in order to improve safe oral intake and adequate nutrition.
The Effect of Tendon Delamination on Rotator Cuff Healing
Authors: Boileau Pascal , Andreani Olivier , Schramm Martin , Baba Mohammed , Barret Hugo , Chelli Mikaël 
Published: April 2019

Background: While patient age, tear size, and muscle fatty infiltration are factors known to affect the rate of tendon healing after rotator cuff repair, the effect of tendon delamination is less known. Purpose: To assess the effect of tendon delamination on rotator cuff healing after arthroscopic single-row (SR) repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Consecutive patients (N = 117) with chronic full-thickness rotator cuff tears underwent arthroscopic SR repair with the tension-band cuff repair. The mean ± SD age at the time of surgery was 60 ± 8 years. There were 25 small, 63 medium, and 29 large tears. Tendon delamination was assessed intraoperatively under arthroscopy with the arthroscope placed in the lateral portal. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with nondelaminated (n = 80) and delaminated (n = 37) cuff tears. The 2 groups were comparable for age, sex, body mass index, preoperative pain, strength, and a Constant-Murley score. Repair integrity was evaluated with sonography (mean, 24 months after surgery; range, 6-62 months) and classified into 3 categories: type A, indicating complete, homogeneous, and thick coverage of the footprint; type B, partial coverage with a thin tendon; and type C, no coverage of the footprint. Results: The prevalence of tendon delamination observed under arthroscopy was 32% (37 of 117), which increased with tear size and retraction: from 15% in small tears to 32% in medium tears and 45% in large tears ( P = .028). Postoperatively, 83 patients had complete coverage of footprint (type A = 71%) and the cuff was considered healed, whereas 26 had partial coverage or a thin tendon (type B = 22%) and 8 had no coverage (type C = 7%). Overall, the rate of complete healing was 78% in nondelaminated cuff tears and 57% in the case of tendon delamination ( P = .029). In large retracted tears, the healing rate dropped from 81% in the absence of delamination to 39% when the tendons were delaminated ( P = .027). Conclusion: Tendon delamination increases with tear size and retraction. Patients with chronic delaminated and retracted rotator cuff tears (stage 2 or 3) are at risk of failure after SR cuff repair, whereas patients with small delaminated rotator cuff tears (stage 1) involving only the supraspinatus can be treated with an SR cuff repair with a high chance of tendon healing. These results suggest that SR cuff repair may be insufficient to treat delaminated chronic cuff tears. To improve the anatomic outcomes of rotator cuff repairs, surgeons should consider treating delaminated tears with a double-row or double-layer repair.
Akhuwat: Measuring Success for a Non-profit Organization
Authors: Bashir Mohsin , Saleem Ashar , Ahmed Ferhana 
Published: April 2019

Dr Amjad Saqib, founder and CEO of Akhuwat—a non-profit interest-free microfinance organization—faced a dilemma in July 2014. He was worried if the organization was actually making an impact—the real impact—that he originally intended. The conventional measures being used to assess Akhuwat’s performance, that is, financial performance, loan disbursement and recovery rates, had all shown impressive signs. For instance, the recovery rate had always been above 99 per cent since Akhuwat’s inception. Still, Dr Saqib was concerned, as he wanted to know whether these measures had actually translated into achieving his original intention of founding Akhuwat, which was to increase tolerance, compassion, voluntarism and happiness, in the target communities. This concern was further aggravated in the backdrop of a rapid expansion plan that Akhuwat was following since 2010. Back in 2001, Dr Saqib founded Akhuwat in order to provide an alternative to conventional microfinance institutions, which he saw as exploitative and against the Islamic principles of mutual support, as these charged very high interest rates from poor borrowers. Akhuwat, on the other hand, charged zero interest on its microcredit products. It relied on charity and donations, instead of bank loans, as its lending base and for covering operational expenses. The organization underwent a rapid expansion after a credit injection from the provincial government in 2010, resulting in a sevenfold increase in its loan portfolio, which rocketed to PKR 2,460 billion in 2014, and a fivefold increase in the number of branches, which stood at 289 across the country in 2014. This transition also brought many changes and challenges to the working style and performance monitoring of Akhuwat, which had traditionally operated in a rather informal manner. The case highlights Dr Saqib’s worries regarding the effectiveness of these measures in achieving Akhuwat’s intended impacts.
Clots retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy from acute ischemic stroke patients show no evidence of bacteria
Authors: Khashim Zenith , Fitzgerald Seán , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Dai Daying , Doyle Karen M , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F 
Published: April 2019

Background Bacteria and bacterial components have been associated with the activation of coagulation factors and initiating the blood clot formation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bacterial populations are present in clots retrieved from patients that have suffered a large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Materials and methods Clot samples were collected from 20 AIS patients who underwent clot retrieval with mechanical thrombectomy. Patient clinical demographic details were noted. Expression of bacterial 16S rDNA was analyzed by standard and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gram staining was performed to identify Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Results Both the real-time and standard PCR demonstrated no expression of 16S rDNA in any of the 20 clots samples from AIS patients. Gram staining results showed no expression of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria present in the clot samples. Conclusion Our current study found no bacteria populations in the clots of AIS patients.
Collaborative implementation of a community-based exercise intervention with a partnering rural American Indian community
Authors: Chadwick Jennifer Q , Tullier Mary A , Wolbert Lisa , Coleman Charlotte , Branam Dannielle E , Wharton David F , Cannady Tamela K , Copeland Kenneth C , Short Kevin R 
Published: April 2019

Background The prevalence and socioeconomic burden of childhood obesity and diabetes has increased rapidly in the United States in the last 30 years. American Indians have the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes among newly diagnosed youth in the country. Contributing factors include environmental, behavioral, and genetic components. Some American Indian tribal communities have explored innovative ways to combat this epidemic including collaborations with academic centers on community-based research. Method From 2012 to 2017, the University of Oklahoma Health Science Center and the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma partnered on a National Institutes of Health–funded project to determine if financial incentives would elicit an increase in physical activity in Native youth. This was a community-based behavioral intervention for overweight or obese American Indian youth ages 11–20 living in a rural community at risk for developing diabetes. Results Tribal leaders and staff identified culturally appropriate strategies to aid implementation of the trial in their community. Their identified implementation strategies helped standardize the study in order to maintain study integrity. The mutually agreed strategies included co-review of the study by tribal and University research review boards (but designation of the Choctaw Nation review board as the “Board of Record”), training of community-based staff on research ethics and literacy, standardization of the informed consent process by videotaping all study information, creation of a viable and culturally appropriate timeline for study implementation, adapting tribal wellness center operations to accommodate youth, and development of effective two-way communication through training sessions, on-site coordination, and bi-monthly conference calls. Conclusion In an effort to partner collectively on a randomized clinical research trial to combat childhood diabetes, tribal leaders and staff implemented strategies that resulted in a culturally appropriate and organized community-based behavioral intervention research project.
The DePuy Proxima™ short stem for total hip arthroplasty – Excellent outcome at a minimum of 7 years
Authors: Gombár Csaba , Janositz Gábor , Friebert Gábor , Sisák Krisztián 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Metaphyseal, proximally anchored uncemented stems for total hip arthroplasty provide bone preservation and decrease the incidence of proximal stress shielding and thigh pain. Our study investigated the clinical and radiological outcome of the DePuy Proxima™ short stem at a minimum of 7 years. Methods: Eighty-one consecutive patients (86 procedures) under the age of 70 undergoing primary total hip replacement at two arthroplasty centres were enrolled. Follow-up was clinical (Harris Hip Score (HHS), thigh pain and satisfaction) and radiological (subsidence, malalignment and loosening) at 6 months and yearly thereafter. Results: Average age was 50 (range 32–65) with 79% (68 of 86) being male. Preoperative diagnosis included primary osteoarthritis (OA) 36%, avascular necrosis of femoral head 51%, dysplasia 9% and post-traumatic OA 4%. HHS improved 51 points at latest follow-up (from 40 to 91). We had 3.5% (3 of 86) periprosthetic fractures, one requiring revision. We had one dislocation, no infections and no thigh pain. Malalignment rate (≥5° off neutral) was 12% (10 of 86), not affecting clinical results. Conclusion: Overall stem survival was over 97% at 7 years. The DePuy Proxima provides excellent clinical results at a minimum of 7 years post-operatively.
Comparison Between 2 Types of Radiofrequency Ablation Systems in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Faruque Ryan , Matthews Brent , Bahho Zaid , Doma Kenji , Manoharan Varaguna , Wilkinson Matthew , McEwen Peter 
Published: April 2019

Background: Radiofrequency ablation is commonly used in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR). New technology devices incorporating a plasma bubble may generate lower intra-articular temperatures and be more efficient. Purpose: To compare a plasma ablation device with a standard ablation device in arthroscopic RCR to determine which system is superior in terms of intra-articular heat generation and diathermy efficiency. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: This was a single-center randomized controlled trial. The inclusion criteria were adult patients undergoing primary RCR. Patients were randomized preoperatively to the standard ablation group (n = 20) or plasma ablation group (n = 20). A thermometer was inserted into the shoulder joint during surgery, and the temperature, surgery, and diathermy times of radiofrequency ablation were measured continually. Results: No significant differences were found between the standard ablation group and plasma ablation group for maximum temperature (38.20°C and 39.38°C, respectively; P = .433), mean temperature (31.66°C and 30.64°C, respectively; P = .757), minimum temperature (21.83°C and 23.45°C, respectively; P = .584), and baseline temperature (28.49°C and 29.94°C, respectively; P = .379). Similarly, no significant differences were found for surgery time (74 and 75 minutes, respectively; P = .866) and diathermy time (10 minutes for both; P = .678). Seven patients registered transient high temperatures greater than 45°C. Conclusion: There was no difference between plasma ablation and standard ablation in terms of intra-articular temperature in the joint and diathermy efficiency. Transient high intra-articular temperatures occurred in both groups. Registration: ACTRN1261300056970 (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry).
Midwives' perceptions of their role in mode of birth decisions
Authors: Muthige Noluthando , James Sindiwe , Morton David 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundMidwives play an important role as advocates and guides for women in labour regarding their choice of mode of birth. However, there is a paucity of research exploring midwives' perceptions of their role in how women make this choice.AimTo explore and describe how midwives perceive their role in facilitating the choice of mode of birth of women in labour at public sector birthing units.MethodA quantitative, exploratory-descriptive design was used. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 288 midwives in public birthing units in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.FindingsThe majority of the participants agreed that women in labour should be allowed to choose their preferred mode of birth. However, nearly half felt that care providers could overrule that decision depending on the health of the mother and the baby.ConclusionMidwives perceived themselves as the main role players in assisting women in labour to make an informed decision regarding the mode of birth that would best suit their circumstances.
Dental Status and Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Elderly Population in Relation to Socioeconomic Factors in Republika Srpska
Authors: Radović Igor , Davidović Lado , Krunić Jelena , Stojanović Nikola 
Published: April 2019

Summary
: Introduction The aim of this study was to determine dental status and prosthetic rehabilitation in elderly population in relation to socioeconomic factors in Republika Srpska.
Material and Methods The study included 262 subjects (133 males and 129 females) aged 65-74 years. Dental status was assessed using DMFT index and its components (D - decayed, M - extracted, F - filled tooth) and analysed in relation to socioeconomic factors: gender, level of education and monthly income. Prosthetic restorations were recorded for both jaws in accordance with criteria of the World Health Organisation.
Results The mean DMFT was 27.2. Females had the highest DMFT index score (29.1) while highly educated subjects had the lowest score (22.7). The mean number of missing teeth was 22.7. There were 28.2% edentulous respondents. Significant difference in the number of edentulous persons was recorded in relation to gender, education and monthly income. In total, 16.8% of subjects had functional dentition (≥20 natural teeth). 48.5% and 32.1% of elderly respondents were found to have at least one form of prosthetic restoration in upper and lower jaw, respectively. Complete dentures were the most common prosthetic restorations.
Conclusion Socioeconomic factors influenced dental status in elderly population. Removable dentures were more common restorations compared to crowns and bridges.
Culture in Health Care in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Stevanović Ivan , Gajić-Stevanović Milena , Aleksić Jovana 
Published: April 2019

Summary
Culture encompasses entire societies, influences everything we feel, see, do and believe and shape the way we approach the world around us. Culture is an inseparable part of human existence and as such an important part of health and health care. The aim of this paper was to present specific forms of culture in health care that have influence on the quality of health care system, as well as to investigate in which capacity is work on culture in the health care system in Serbia represented. National and international literature and documentation was processed using analytical methods - observation and comparative method. Health culture as responsibility of health care users and culture in health care as responsibility of health care employees are key factors in improving the health system in Serbia. The most important step has been made with the strategic plan of the Government of the Republic of Serbia in 2010, however, everyone has to accept and understand the importance of culture in health care and apply its rules into the practise.
The Prevalence of Malocclusion among 11–13 Years Old Children in Foča/ Učestalost ortodontskih nepravilnosti kod dece uzrasta 11–13 godina u Foči
Authors: Ivanović Tanja , Ivanović Dragan , Nikolić Predrag , Janković Svjetlana , Davidović Bojana , Grujičić Ivana 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARY
Introduction Malocclusion is common in children and it has great influence on the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion among 11-13 years old children in the municipality of Foca in Republika Srpska.
Material and Methods The study included 81 respondents, 11-13 years old. It was conducted in elementary schools in the municipality of Foča. Respondents underwent clinical examination, alginate impressions of upper and lower jaws were taken and study models analyzed. To determine malocclusion (crowding, spacing, cross bite, deep bite, open bite and occlusion class as per Angle) ICON index (Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need) was used.
Results The results showed that 17.3% of respondents had spacing between teeth, 80.2% crowding, 23.4% cross bite, 29.6% deep bite while open bite was present in 2.4% of patients. Occlusion II/1 class by Angle was present in 38.3% of respondents, II/2 class in 12.3% of respondents, Class I occlusion in 40.7% of respondents and III class was found in 2.4% of respondents.
Conclusion There was high prevalence of malocclusion in the examined children. It is necessary to implement prevention programs, early treatment of dental caries, prevent premature tooth loss as well as measures of interceptive orthodontics in order to reduce frequency of malocclusion
Orthodontic Diagnosis Based on Schwarz Analysis among the Population of Republika Srpska
Authors: Arbutina Adriana , Savić Marijana Arapović , Davidović Mirjana Umićević , Radman Irena Kuzmanović 
Published: April 2019

Summary
Introduction In order to establish an accurate diagnosis and proper therapy planning in orthodontics, it is necessary to perform the analysis of transverse and sagittal dental arch development in relation to the facial type of the patient. The aim of this study was to determine sagittal and transverse parameters of dental arches in the population of Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) based on Schwarz analysis.
Material and Methods Facial type was determined in 300 patients of both genders, aged 18 to 25, with class I occlusion. After taking impressions of the upper and lower jaw, cast study models were poured and used to determine basic sagittal and transverse parameters of dental arches. The obtained values were compared with the values defined by Schwarz in order to determine the existence of certain variations.
Results Out of 300 subjects, 50.33% were dolichofacial, 30.76% were mesofacial and 19.00% were brachyfacial. The average values of anterior width, posterior width and height of dental arch in patients with all three types of face showed lower range of values compared to the values defined by Schwarz, who determined his values by examining the same parameters in the population of Vienna. These parameters did not show linear proportional increase with the increase of the sum of upper incisors, what is the case with the values defined by Schwarz.
Conclusion The results of this study showed significant differences compared to Schwarz’s values. Modification of the size and shape of dental arch leads to changes in the appearance of patient’s face. Therefore, an individual approach during orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning must be present despite the great importance of biometric standards.
History of Medicine in Jagodina District
Authors: Jeremić Marko , Vuković Ana , Stanojlović Ninoslav , Vuković Rade , Marković Dejan 
Published: April 2019

Summary
The first record of scientific medicine in Serbia has been found in the early of 12th century. For centuries lifestyle, nutrition, natural environment, armies passing through, cultural heritage, and prejudice have affected healthcare in Serbia. Until 1820, Serbia has not had any educated doctor. Fourteen district physicians from 1839 and Dr. Karlo Beloni, to the last one, Dr. Selimir Djordjević – have spent part of their professional careers in Jagodina. All of them have had influence on raising health culture of Jagodina and its population and helped to overcome easily and quickly all existing diseases and epidemics. The Jagodina Hospital has been working without interruption for 147 years and represents one of the oldest healthcare institutions in Serbia.