bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Search of Prester John and the ‘River of Gold’. Mecià de Viladestes’ Map and Late Medieval Knowledge about Africa
Authors: Brunnlechner Gerda 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Mecià de Viladestes’ nautical map provides many-faceted incentives to travel down the African west coast, emphasising especially Africa’s riches in gold and the presence of a Christian ruler known as Prester John. Understanding maps not as a conclusive result of the collection of knowledge but as a means of communication, this article aims to explore the relations between contemporary Latin European conceptions about Africa, its representations on maps and their probable argumentative objectives. From Latin-African contacts the idea had arisen to form an alliance to fight the Muslims, attacking from two directions. The representation of sub-Saharan Africa on Mecià’s map can be interpreted as taking up this discussion to argue for further exploration of Africa down its Atlantic coast, which might have influenced future decision makers such as Henry the Navigator.
Mapping Continents, Inhabited Quarters and The Four Seas. Divisions of the World and the Ordering of Spaces in Latin-Christian, Arabic-Islamic and Chinese Cartography in the Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries. A Critical Survey and Analysis
Authors: Mauntel Christoph , Oschema Klaus , Ducène Jean-Charles , Hofmann Martin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper explores the presence and development of large-scale geographic categories in pre-modern cartography (twelfth to sixteenth centuries) in a combination of comparative and transcultural perspectives. Analysing Latin-Christian, Arabic-Islamic and Chinese maps, we demonstrate the varying degrees of importance accorded to large-scale geographic structures. The choice of related as well as independent traditions allows for the identification of specific emphases which reflect the influence of the respective cultural backgrounds and strategies applied in the ordering of space. While the analysed Chinese material concentrates on a geographical space that was perceived to form an ideal political and cultural unity without representing the entire physical world, Latin-Christian and Arabic-Islamic traditions share the focus on the whole “oecumene” that they both inherited from antique models. However, only Latin-Christian maps consistently and explicitly present a tripartite world that resonates with Trinitarian structures in Christian thought.
Sexually Dimorphic Vasopressin Cells Modulate Social Investigation and Communication in Sex-Specific Ways
Authors: Rigney Nicole , Whylings Jack , Mieda Michihiro , de Vries Geert J. , Petrulis Aras 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) has long been implicated in the regulation of social behavior and communication, but precisely which AVP cell groups are involved is largely unknown. To address whether the sexually dimorphic AVP cell group in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is important for social communication, we deleted BNST AVP cells by viral delivery of a Cre-dependent caspase-3 cell-death construct in AVP-iCre-positive mice using AVP-iCre negative littermate as controls, and assessed social, sexual, aggressive and anxiety-related behaviors. In males, lesioning BNST AVP cells reduced social investigation of other males and increased urine marking (UM) in the presence of a live female, without altering ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), resident-intruder aggression, copulatory behavior, anxiety, or investigation of females or their odor cues. In females, which have significantly fewer AVP cells in the BNST, these injections influenced copulatory behavior but otherwise had minimal effects on social behavior and communication, indicating that these cells contribute to sex differences in social behavioral function.
Neurons in FEF Keep Track of Items That Have Been Previously Fixated in Free Viewing Visual Search
Authors: Mirpour Koorosh , Bolandnazar Zeinab , Bisley James W. 
Published: January 2019

When searching a visual scene for a target, we tend not to look at items or locations we have already searched. It is thought that this behavior is driven by an inhibitory tagging mechanism that inhibits responses on priority maps to the relevant items. We hypothesized that this inhibitory tagging signal should be represented as an elevated response in neurons that keep track of stimuli that have been fixated. We recorded from 231 neurons in the frontal eye field (FEF) of 2 male animals performing a visual foraging task, in which they had to find a reward linked to one of five identical targets (Ts) among five distractors. We identified 38 neurons with activity that was significantly greater when the stimulus in the receptive field had been fixated previously in the trial than when it had not been fixated. The response to a fixated object began before the saccade ended, suggesting that this information is remapped. Unlike most FEF neurons, the activity in these cells was not suppressed during active fixation, had minimal motor responses, and did not change through the trial. Yet using traditional classifications from a memory-guided saccade, they were indistinguishable from the rest of the FEF population. We propose that these neurons keep track of any items that have been fixated within the trial and this signal is propagated by remapping. These neurons could be the source of the inhibitory tagging signal to parietal cortex, where a neuronal instantiation of inhibitory tagging is seen.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen we search a scene for an item, we rarely examine the same location twice. It is thought that this is due to a neural mechanism that keeps track of the items at which we have looked. Here we identified a subset of neurons in the frontal eye field that preferentially responded to items that had been fixated earlier in the trial. These responses were remapped, appearing before the saccade even ended, and were not suppressed during maintained fixation. We propose that these neurons keep track of which items have been examined in search and could be the source of feedback that creates the inhibitory tagging seen in parietal cortex.
Complement Targets Newborn Retinal Ganglion Cells for Phagocytic Elimination by Microglia
Authors: Anderson Sarah R. , Zhang Jianmin , Steele Michael R. , Romero Cesar O. , Kautzman Amanda G. , Schafer Dorothy P. , Vetter Monica L. 
Published: January 2019

Microglia play important roles in shaping the developing CNS, and at early stages they have been proposed to regulate progenitor proliferation, differentiation, and neuronal survival. However, these studies reveal contradictory outcomes, highlighting the complexity of these cell–cell interactions. Here, we investigate microglia function during embryonic mouse retina development, where only microglia, progenitors, and neurons are present. In both sexes, we determine that microglia primarily interact with retinal neurons and find that depletion of microglia via conditional KO of theCsf1receptor results in increased density of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Pharmacological inhibition of microglia also results in an increase in RGCs, with no effect on retinal progenitor proliferation, RGC genesis, or apoptosis. We show that microglia in the embryonic retina are enriched for phagocytic markers and observe engulfment of nonapoptotic Brn3-labeled RGCs. We investigate the molecular pathways that can mediate cell engulfment by microglia and find selective downregulation of complement pathway components with microglia inhibition, and further show that C1q protein marks a subset of RGCs in the embryonic retina. KO of complement receptor 3 (CR3; Itgam), which is only expressed by microglia, results in increased RGC density, similar to what we observed after depletion or inhibition of microglia. Thus, our data suggest that microglia regulate neuron elimination in the embryonic mouse retina by complement-mediated phagocytosis of non-apoptotic newborn RGCs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMicroglia are emerging as active and important participants in regulating neuron number in development, during adult neurogenesis, and following stem cell therapies. However, their role in these contexts and the mechanisms involved are not fully defined. Using a well-characterizedin vivosystem, we provide evidence that microglia regulate neuronal elimination by complement-mediated engulfment of nonapoptotic neurons. This work provides a significant advancement of the field by definingin vivomolecular mechanisms for microglia-mediated cell elimination. Our data add to a growing body of evidence that microglia are essential for proper nervous system development. In addition, we elucidate microglia function in the developing retina, which may shed light on microglia involvement in the context of retinal injury and disease.
Iso-Seq Allows Genome-Independent Transcriptome Profiling of Grape Berry Development
Authors: Minio Andrea , Massonnet Mélanie , Figueroa-Balderas Rosa , Vondras Amanda M , Blanco-Ulate Barbara , Cantu Dario 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTranscriptomics has been widely applied to study grape berry development. With few exceptions, transcriptomic studies in grape are performed using the available genome sequence, PN40024, as reference. However, differences in gene content among grape accessions, which contribute to phenotypic differences among cultivars, suggest that a single reference genome does not represent the species’ entire gene space. Though whole genome assembly and annotation can reveal the relatively unique or “private” gene space of any particular cultivar, transcriptome reconstruction is a more rapid, less costly, and less computationally intensive strategy to accomplish the same goal. In this study, we used single molecule-real time sequencing (SMRT) to sequence full-length cDNA (Iso-Seq) and reconstruct the transcriptome of Cabernet Sauvignon berries during berry ripening. In addition, short reads from ripening berries were used to error-correct low-expression isoforms and to profile isoform expression. By comparing the annotated gene space of Cabernet Sauvignon to other grape cultivars, we demonstrate that the transcriptome reference built with Iso-Seq data represents most of the expressed genes in the grape berries and includes 1,501 cultivar-specific genes. Iso-Seq produced transcriptome profiles similar to those obtained after mapping on a complete genome reference. Together, these results justify the application of Iso-Seq to identify cultivar-specific genes and build a comprehensive reference for transcriptional profiling that circumvents the necessity of a genome reference with its associated costs and computational weight.
Computational Practices, Educational Theories, and Learning Development
Authors: Passey Don , Dagienė Valentina , Atieno Loice Victorine , Baumann Wilfried 
Published: January 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
Many countries are adopting computing (or informatics) in schools, for pupils from 5 years of age. Educational philosophies (and learning theories) that such curricula might be based on are not clear in curriculum documentation. Many Western countries’ curricula are based on developmental concepts of cognitive constructivism, with activities progressing through sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages. Social constructivism and constructionism add new dimensions to this learning framework, both fundamentally important for developing computing practices. We review selected learning theories, and investigate features that should underpin computing curricula if practices and outcomes are to develop computing practitioner competencies of a software developer.
¡Odio esta vida, me suicido!
Authors: De la Pava Ossa Arturo 
Published: January 2019

El paso al acto suicida apareció como cortejo frecuente en la tradiciónliteraria del Romanticismo, donde la aniquilación propia resultó ser la expresión de la pasión de un odio por la vida fundado en la frustración de la aspiración amorosa y la imposibilidad de gozar del objeto amado. A partir de un estudio de caso de la novela Los sufrimientos del joven Werther, el autor explora las posibilidades existenciales del héroe romántico que, al no ser correspondido por la amada, termina dándose muerte; una salida que terminó siendo imitada por muchos lectores de la novela de Goethe en Francia.
Análise do potencial empreendedor em alunos do ensino superior: aplicacao da teoria à prática
Authors: Fernandes Pietrovski Eliane , Schneider Elton Ivan , Reis Dálcio Roberto , Dos Reis Junior Dálcio Roberto 
Published: January 2019

A universidade tem como uma de suas funções transformar a realidade social por meio de seus cursos. O empreendedor é visto como um agente de transformação econômica e social, pois seu campo de atuação implica considerar aspectos como inovação, criatividade, resolução de problemas, criação de empregos, invenção, liderança, cultura, entre outros. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o potencial empreendedor de alunos do ensino superior fazendo uma investigação para responder à questão problema que norteia o presente trabalho, se as atividades de ensino e aprendizagem dirigidas para a aprendizagem experiencial, combinadas com técnicas de design thinking, podem aumentar o potencial empreendedor dos alunos dos cursos de graduação. Como resultados, a pesquisa apontou que os alunos ingressantes no ensino superior apresentam lacunas de formação em seu potencial empreendedor e que cabe às universidades criar processos de ensino e aprendizagem que preencham esses espaços.
Heat-reflecting ceramic materials based on potassium poly-titanate and silicon oxide.
Authors: Gorokhovskii A. V. , Meshcheryakov D. V. , Burmistrov I. N. , Sevryugin A. V. 
Published: January 2019

The possibility is studied to obtain the porous ceramic composite with the low heat conductivity and high heatreflecting ability on base of the raw mixture of potassium poly-titanate and different silicon oxide modifications. It was shown that the silicon oxide introduction favors the glass potassium-silicon phase formation which acts as a binding agent and promotes the ceramic composite structure creation, the composite consisting of interwoven high-strength fibrous K2Ti6O13 crystals, bound by means of evenly spread glass phase.
Cover Vol 3 No 2 2018
Authors: Fisika Wahana 
Published: January 2019

DAFTAR ISI RUANG LINGKUP DAN INFORMASI JURNAL DEWAN REDAKSI KATA PENGANTAR DAFTAR ISI Identifikasi Daerah Longsor Kecamatan Bagelen menggunakanMetode Mikrotremor(Gofur Dyah Ayu Gilang Pertiwi, Nugroho Budi Wibowo, Denny Darmawan)Aplikasi Reservoir Saturation Tool (RST) Log Pada Cased Hole Well UntukEvaluasi Kandungan Hidrokarbon Di Cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur(Priyo Hutomo, Yatini)Penyimpangan Titik Pusat Optik Lensa (OC) Dengan Jarak Pupil (PD) PemakaiKacamata(Hanna Nurul Husna, Fidiawati Bambang, Dian Laela Sari)Penentuan Suhu Nol Mutlak melalui Praktikum Termodinamika menggunakanHukum Charles(Defrianto Pratama, Ratu Fenny Muldiani, Kunlestiowati Hadiningrum)Prototipe Sistem Kendali Suhu dan Kelembaban Kandang Ayam Broiler melaluiBlynk Server berbasis Android(Fitri Puspasari, Imam Fahrurrozi, Trias Prima Satya, Galih Setyawan, MuhammadRifqi Al Fauzan)
Prognostically significant bone marrow cellular content changes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Jiao Cheng , Zeynalova P. A. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction. Increasing of blast cell percentage in bone marrow of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients is a sign of unfavourable prognosis. We estimated the frequency of this phenomenon and made attempts to idenify minimal bone marrow involvement in DLBCL by flow cytometry.Materials and methods. Study has been done in 60 DLBCL patients. Diagnosis in all cases was done according to WHO (2008) criteria. Bone marrow study was done on smears (myelogram). Immunophenotypic study was done with a large panel of B-lineage monoclonal antibodies as well as kappa and lambda light chains to membrane immunoglobulins.Results. Increase in blast cell content in bone marrow was noted in 73.3 % of DLBCL patients. That group of patients had lower surviv al. We used the following methods for identification of monoclonal B-lymphocytes: monoclonality according to membrane light immu noglobuline chains within mature B-lymphocytes and aberrancy of immunophenotype. Levels of different B-cell antigen expression – CD20, CD21, CD22, CD24. It was identified B-lymphocytes with aberrant expression of СD21.Conclusion. The most informative methods of identification of minimal bone marrow involvement in DLBCL are estimation of clonality according to light chain expression of mature B-lymphocytes (CD45++CD20+CD5–), as well as assessement of aberrancy of CD21 expression of mature B-lymphocytes.
Health risk Assessment of Exposure to Harmful Chemical Agents in a Refinery
Authors: Moradi Hanifi Saber , Laal Fereydoon , Panjali Zahra , Khoubi Jamshid 
Published: January 2019

Background: Process units, due to performance conditions at high pressure and high temperatures, are prone to many health risks that can lead to adverse effects during work. In order to identify health hazards, assess their risks and make appropriate decisions to control the risk and improve the health of individuals in this regard, the assessment of health risks is of particular importance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess and prioritize health risks in a refinery. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a refinery in 2012. In this study, 14 important chemical substances were identified and analyzed. Excel analysis was used to analyze the data. To assess the health risks due to chemical exposure the methodology proposed by the Department of Health Care in University of Singapore was used. First, important chemicals were identified and then the degree of risk and degree of exposure to chemicals were calculated and finally the level of health risk due to exposure to chemicals was determined. Results: The results showed that from 14 identified cases, exposure to diglycol diamine had a risk level of 4.47 (very high), hydrogen sulfide a risk level of 3.87 (high level), and molybdenum and nickel base catalysts a health risk of 3.87 (high), all of which were in a range of unacceptable risk. Conclusion: In this study exposure to diglycol diamine, hydrogen sulfide, and molybdenum and nickel based catalysts was in the range of unacceptable risk. Using management and engineering controls such as personnel training, shortening the work shift of individuals, pre-recruitment and periodical examinations, designing a ventilation system, and the use of detectors and discovery equipment are recommended to reduce the level of risk.
Evaluation of the Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Mortazavi Nazanin , Babaei Mansour , Babaee Neda , Kazemi Hamed Hossein , Mortazavi Roozbeh , Mostafazadeh Amrollah 
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, known as TMDs, are significant public health problems and may result in pain and disability. In order to determine the prevalence of clinical/subjective TMD in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we used the research diagnostic criteria (RDC)/TMD axes. We assessed the anti-cyclic citrullinated protein (anti-CCP)-related TMD in RA for the first time.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-two RA patients were compared to 47 healthy controls with regard to complete blood count (CBC), serology, acute phase reactants (APR), and TMJ dysfunction.
Results: The anti-CCP antibody showed a significant correlation with the development of clinical TMD (P=0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI)=12.4%-35.6%). A prevalence of 50% was calculated through the RDC/TMD for such disorders. In RA patients, statistically significant differences were observed between the groups with and without clinical TMD regarding psychological depression and physical symptoms.
Conclusions: According to the results, a significant correlation was found between the anti-CCP antibody and TMD. Therefore, when this antibody is detected in the blood serum, the treatment must be initiated. The RDC/TMD used in this study assessed the prevalence of TMJ dysfunction in conformity with RA-associated TMJ findings previously obtained through other conventional methods
The use of diffusion-tensor imaging to assess microstructural integrity of white matter of patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Perepelov V. A. , Solodovnikov V. I. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Perepelova E. M. , Koberskaya N. N. , Gridin V. N. , Yakhno N. N. 
Published: January 2019

Objective. To compare diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) measures in different anatomic regions of the brain in patients with an isolated Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with AD and small-vessel disease (SVD).Material and methods. 20 AD patients, aged 66 (±10), of whom 11 AD patients had an isolated neurodegenerative process and 9 patients, who were diagnosed with AD+SVD, were examined. A research was made on a 3 T Siemens Magnetom Skyra MR-scanner. All participants underwent the same imaging protocol, which included standard clinical- and diffusion tensor pulse sequences. With an MR-image processing software package Olea Medical Sphere 3.0, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial and radial diffusivity (AxD and RxD) were measured in different brain regions.Results. Significant differences in DTI measures (FA, MD, AxD, RxD), indicating more severe white matter microstructural damage in AD+SVD patients, compared with patients with an isolated AD, were observed in middle thalamic radiation, upper and lower longitudinal bundles, posterior part of cingulate gyrus and genu of corpus callosum.Conclusion. DTI is an informative method, highly sensitive in detecting difference in white matter microstructural integrity of brain tissue in individuals with an isolated AD and patients with AD+SVD.