bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rainwater Harvesting - A Potential Safety Net for Water Security in Ghana
Authors: Emmanuel Amankwah , Napoleon Mensah Jackson 
Published: September 2019

Water is an important medium for many activities including water for consumptive and non-consumptive purposes. Lack of water quality and quantity does not only hampers socio-economic development but affects agricultural productivity, sustainable development, sanitation, health, industrial development and the ecosystem. The advent of climate change is known to affect water flow, increases dry season spells and drought, and influences reservoirs or deep groundwater wells thus worsening the precarious water situation in Africa. About 1.7 billion of the world population lives in water scarce regions and this is projected to grow to about 300% or 5 billion by 2025 especially in Africa. In Ghana, population growth, pollution of river bodies, high evapotranspiration, erratic rainfall pattern and environmental degradation among others have affected water availability and use. These challenges will therefore require a deliberate water harvesting, integrated water management and conservation, water use efficiency and capacity building to withstand the dwindling trend of water resources in the country. This paper therefore seeks to inform policy makers, stakeholders, institutions responsible for water resources management among others to consider water harvesting as a potential solution to the many challenges including water shortages, floods, and land degradation. The article was carried out through extensive review of literature, official reports and policy documents. It shows the need to adopt appropriate techniques for rainwater harvesting to address the perennial water scarcity in the country.
Emotion regulation mediates relationships between mindfulness facets and aggression dimensions
Authors: Garofalo Carlo , Gillespie Steven M. , Velotti Patrizia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent years have witnessed an increase of research on socio‐affective factors that can explain individual differences in aggressive tendencies across community and offender populations. Specifically, mindfulness and emotion regulation have emerged as important factors, which could also constitute important prevention and treatment targets. Yet, recent studies have advanced the possibility that mindfulness may also have a “dark” side, being associated with increased levels of aggression‐related variables, especially when accounting for the variance associated with emotion regulation. The present study sought to elucidate relationships among mindfulness, emotion regulation, and aggression dimensions (i.e., verbal and physical aggression, anger, and hostility) across violent offender (N = 397) and community (N = 324) samples. Results revealed expected associations between both mindfulness and emotion regulation and aggression dimensions, such that greater impairments in mindfulness and emotion regulation were related to increased levels of aggression across samples. Further, analyses of indirect effects revealed that a latent emotion dysregulation factor accounted for (i.e., mediated) relationships between mindfulness facets and aggression dimensions in both samples. Previously reported positive associations between the residual variance in mindfulness scales (i.e., controlling for emotion regulation) and aggression‐related variables were not replicated in the current samples. Taken together, findings suggest that mindfulness and emotion regulation have unequivocal relations with lower levels of aggression, and should therefore be considered as relevant targets for prevention and treatment programs aimed at reducing aggressive tendencies.
Genetics of diabetic neuropathy: Systematic review, meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Zhao Yating , Zhu Ruixia , Wang Danni , Liu Xu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveDiabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes that occurs in more than 67% of individuals with diabetes. Genetic polymorphisms may play an important role in DN development. However, until now, the association between genetic polymorphisms and DN risk has remained unknown. We performed a systematic review, meta‐analysis, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) of the association between all genetic polymorphisms and DN risk.MethodsRelevant published studies examining the relationship between all genetic polymorphisms and DN were obtained based on a designed search strategy up to 28 February 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess overall pooled effects of genetic models as well as in subgroup analyses. Sensitive analysis and publication bias were applied to evaluate the reliability of the study. Moreover, TSA was conducted to estimate the robustness of the results.ResultsWe conducted a systematic review of a total of 1256 articles, and then 106 publications reporting on 136 polymorphisms of 76 genes were extracted. We performed 107 meta‐analyses on 36 studies involving 12,221 subjects to derive pooled effect estimates for eight polymorphisms. We identified that ACE I>D, MTHFR 1298A/C, GPx‐1 rs1050450, and CAT ‐262C/T were associated with DN, while MTHFR C677T, GSTM1, GSTT1, and IL‐10 ‐1082G/A were not. Sensitivity analysis, funnel plot, and Egger’s test displayed robust results. Furthermore, the results of TSA indicated sufficient sample size in studies of ACE, GPx‐1, GSTM1, and IL‐10 polymorphisms.InterpretationOur study assessed the association between ACE I>D, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR 1298A/C, GPx‐1 rs1050450, CAT ‐262C/T, GSTM1, GSTT1, and IL‐10 ‐1082G/A polymorphisms and DN risk. We hope that the data in our research study are used to study DN genetics.
Covalent Poly(2‐Isopropenyl‐2‐Oxazoline) Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Mechanical Strength and Toughness through Secondary Terpyridine Metal‐Coordination Crosslinks
Authors: Xu Xiaowen , Jerca Florica Adriana , Jerca Valentin Victor , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe present study reports the synthesis of poly(2‐isopropenyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PiPOx) dual‐crosslinked hydrogels by both covalent and physical (i.e., metal–ligand coordination) interactions. First, chemical crosslinking of a modified PiPOx polymer containing terpyridine (TPy) unit is achieved by reacting with azelaic acid (non‐anedioic acid). Transient crosslinks are subsequently introduced by complexation of the TPy units with different divalent transition metal ions. This strategy provides access to hydrogels with superior mechanical properties compared to the pure covalently crosslinked PiPOx hydrogels. The mechanical properties and water uptake of the hydrogels could be easily controlled by swelling in different aqueous metal ion solutions. PiPOx hydrogels swollen in Zn2+ solution are found to possess ultrahigh compression strength (9 MPa), remarkable toughness (99 MJ m−3) and outstanding self‐recoverability (98% toughness recovery after swelling for 60 min without external stimuli), which are among the highest reported in literature to date. These remarkable properties are assigned to the thermodynamically stable, but kinetically labile Zn2+‐TPy complexes that produce a dynamic network with fewer imperfections and better adaptive properties under mechanical stress compared to those with other metal ions.
Hydrogen‐Assisted Growth of Ultrathin Te Flakes with Giant Gate‐Dependent Photoresponse
Authors: Zhang Xun , Jiang Jizhou , Suleiman Abdulsalam Aji , Jin Bao , Hu Xiaozong , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTellurium (Te), as an elementary material, has attracted intense attention due to its potentially novel properties. However, it is still a great challenge to realize high‐quality 2D Te due to its helical chain structure. Here, ultrathin Te flakes (5 nm) are synthesized via hydrogen‐assisted chemical vapor deposition method. The density functional theory calculations and experiments confirm the growth mechanism, which can be ascribed to the formation of volatile intermediates increasing vapor pressure of the source and promoting the reaction. Impressively, the Te flake‐based transistor shows high on/off ratio ≈104, ultralow off‐state current ≈8 × 10−13 A, as well as a negligible hysteresis due to reducing thermally activated defects at 80 K. Moreover, Te‐flake‐based phototransistor demonstrates giant gate‐dependent photoresponse: when gate voltage varies from −70 to 70 V, Ion/Ioff is increased by ≈40‐fold. The hydrogen‐assisted strategy may provide a new approach for synthesizing other high quality 2D elementary materials.
Correlated Lattice Instability and Emergent Charged Domain Walls at Oxide Heterointerfaces
Authors: Li Mengsha , Huang Zhen , Tang Chunhua , Song Dongsheng , Mishra Tara Prasad , Ariando Ariando , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Li Changjian , Pennycook Stephen J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCharged domain walls provide possibilities in effectively manipulating electrons at nanoscales for developing next‐generation electronic devices. Here, using the atom‐resolved imaging and spectroscopy on LaAlO3/SrTiO3//NdGaO3 heterostructures, the evolution of correlated lattice instability and charged domain walls is visualized crossing the conducting LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface. When increasing the SrTiO3 layer thickness to 20 unit cells and above, both LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 layers begin to exhibit measurable polar displacements to form a tail‐to‐tail charged domain wall at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface, resulting in the charged redistribution within the 2‐nm‐thick SrTiO3 layer close to the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. The mobile charges in different heterostructures can be estimated by summing up Ti3+ concentrations in the conducting channel, which is sandwiched by SrTiO3 layers with interdiffusion and/or oxygen octahedral rotations. Those estimated mobile charges are quantitatively consistent with results from Hall measurements. The results not only shed light on complex oxide heterointerfaces, but also pave a new path to nanoscale charge engineering.
Photocatalyst‐Free Visible Light‐Induced Synthesis of β‐Oxo Sulfones via Oxysulfonylation of Alkenes with Arylazo Sulfones and Dioxygen in Air
Authors: Liu Qishun , Liu Fei , Yue Huilan , Zhao Xiaohui , Li Jiangsheng , Wei Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA catalyst‐free strategy has been established for the synthesis of β‐oxo sulfones via visible light‐induced oxysulfonylation of alkenes with arylazo sulfones with dioxygen in air. The present photoinduced transformation proceeds smoothly at room temperature in the absence of an external photosensitizer, which not only provides a mild and efficient approach to various β‐oxo sulfones, but also opens a different reaction mode for the photochemical reaction of arylazo sulfones.magnified image
Targeting of Nanotherapeutics to Infection Sites for Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Dong Xinyue , Zhang Can Yang , Gao Jin , Wang Zhenjia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBacterial infections cause a wide range of host immune disorders, resulting in local and systemic tissue damage. Antibiotics are pharmacological interventions for treating bacterial infections, but increased antimicrobial resistance and the delayed development of new antibiotics have led to a major global health threat, the so‐called “superbugs.” Bacterial infections consist of two processes: pathogen invasion and host immune responses. Developing nanotherapeutics to target these two pathways may be effective for eliminating bacteria and restoring host homeostasis, thus possibly finding new treatments for bacterial infections. This review offers new approaches for developing nanotherapeutics based on the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. The mechanisms through which nanoparticles target infectious microenvironments are outlined, alongside a discussion of techniques that used target phagocytes to deliver antibiotics to eliminate intracellular pathogens. A new concept is also reviewed—host‐directed therapy for bacterial infections, such as targeting immune cells for the delivery of anti‐inflammatory agents and vaccine developments using bacterial‐membrane‐derived nanovesicles. This review demonstrates the translational potential of nanomedicine for improving infectious disease treatments.
Animal modeling in bone research—Should we follow the White Rabbit?
Authors: Schafrum Macedo Aline , Cezaretti Feitosa Caroline , Yoiti Kitamura Kawamoto Fernando , Vinicius Tertuliano Marinho Paulo , dos Santos Dal‐Bó Ísis , Fiuza Monteiro Bianca , Prado Leonardo , Bregadioli Thales , Antonio Covino Diamante Gabriel , Ricardo Auada Ferrigno Cassio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnimal models are live subjects applied to translational research. They provide insights into human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge. Livestock production has favored the pace of human social development over millennia. Today's society is more aware of animal welfare than past generations. The general public has marked objections to animal research and many species are falling into disuse. The search for an ideal methodology to replace animal use is on, but animal modeling still holds great importance to human health. Bone research, in particular, has unmet requirements that in vitro technologies cannot yet fully address. In that sense, standardizing novel models remains necessary and rabbits are gaining in popularity as potential bone models. Our aim here is to provide a broad overview of animal modeling and its ethical implications, followed by a narrower focus on bone research and the role rabbits are playing in the current scenario.
Outcomes after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests by anaphylaxis: A nationwide population‐based observational study
Authors: Ota Ikuo , Kubota Yoshie , Uejima Toshifumi , Shigeoka Hironori , Hiraide Atsushi 
Published: September 2019

AimThe objective of this study was to focus on outcomes of anaphylaxis‐associated out‐of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in non‐cardiac cases.MethodsAll residents with OHCA due to non‐cardiac cause in Japan from 2013 to 2015 were included for analysis. Propensity score matching and logistic regression analyses were used to assess outcome‐related factors in anaphylaxis cases and non‐anaphylaxis cases. The comparison group was comprised of non‐anaphylaxis cases, which consisted of other cases of non‐cardiac etiology.ResultsA total of 375,874 OHCA cases were included, of which 148,598 were due to non‐cardiac cause. In these non‐cardiac OHCA cases, 147 were due to anaphylaxis, with an annual incidence of 0.04 per 100,000. In the patients’ characteristics, witnessed ratio, shockable rhythm, defibrillation by emergency medical services (EMS), and treatment with adrenaline by EMS were significantly greater in the anaphylaxis cases compared with the non‐anaphylaxis cases. In anaphylaxis cases, the crude 1‐month survival rate (32.7% versus 5.3%) and crude favorable neurological outcomes rate (24.5% versus 2.2%) were higher compared with non‐anaphylaxis cases (P < 0.001). The differences in outcomes between the two types of cases were also marked after we adjusted these variables by propensity score matching. By logistic regression analyses, administration of a drug by EMS was negatively associated with good neurological outcomes (odds ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.87), but bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was positively associated with good neurological outcomes (odds ratio, 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–5.52).ConclusionNeurological outcome was markedly more favorable in cases with anaphylaxis than non‐anaphylaxis cases. Further studies are needed to explain this result.
Witnessing Quantum Speedup through Mutual Information
Authors: Wang Jing , Wu Yunan , Song Shixue 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAchieving dynamical speedup of evolution in an open quantum system plays a key role in many technological applications. However, how to detect quantum speedup is unclear. In this work, a method to witness quantum speedup through the measure of the mutual information is presented. It is shown that the speed of evolution of a quantum system, can be witnessed by calculating the mutual information variation, whose increase is a clear signature of dynamical speedup. The result is explained by considering the time evolution of two qubits under a one‐sided noisy channel, finding out that the mechanism for the quantum speedup is closely associated with the total exchange of information between the system and its environment, which can be expressed by the variation of mutual information. Quantitatively, the average speed of evolution is shown proportional to the average variation of the mutual information in an interval of time. The conclusion can not only explain why the quantum entanglement (or quantum coherence) and the classical correlation are neither necessary nor sufficient to speed up the quantum evolution, but also give a vital way of detecting quantum speedup in realistic environments.
Efficient Non‐dissociative Activation of Dinitrogen to Ammonia over Lithium‐Promoted Ruthenium Nanoparticles at Low Pressure
Authors: Zheng Jianwei , Liao Fenglin , Wu Simson , Jones Glenn , Chen Tian‐Yi , Fellowes Joshua , Sudmeier Tim , McPherson Ian J. , Wilkinson Ian , Tsang Shik Chi Edman 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere is an exciting possibility to decentralize ammonia synthesis for fertilizer production or energy storage without carbon emission from H2 obtained from renewables at small units operated at lower pressure. However, no suitable catalyst has yet been developed. Ru catalysts are known to be promoted by heavier alkali dopants. Instead of using heavy alkali metals, Li is herein shown to give the highest rate through surface polarisation despite its poorest electron donating ability. This exceptional promotion rate makes Ru–Li catalysts suitable for ammonia synthesis, which outclasses industrial Fe counterparts by at least 195 fold. Akin to enzyme catalysis, it is for the first time shown that Ru–Li catalysts hydrogenate end‐on adsorbed N2 stabilized by Li+ on Ru terrace sites to ammonia in a stepwise manner, in contrast to typical N2 dissociation on stepped sites adopted by Ru–Cs counterparts, giving new insights in activating N2 by metallic catalysts.
Dopant‐Free Squaraine‐Based Polymeric Hole‐Transporting Materials with Comprehensive Passivation Effects for Efficient All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xiao Qi , Tian Jingjing , Xue Qifan , Wang Jing , Xiong Bijin , Han Mengmeng , Li Zhen , Zhu Zonglong , Yip Hin‐Lap , Li Zhong'an 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDevelopment of high‐performance dopant‐free hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) with comprehensive passivation effects is highly desirable for all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Squaraines (SQs) could be a candidate for dopant‐free HTMs as they are natural passivators for perovskites. One major limitation of SQs is their relatively low hole mobility. Herein we demonstrate that polymerizing SQs into pseudo two dimensional (2D) p–π conjugated polymers could overcome this problem. By rationally using N,N‐diarylanilinosquaraines as the comonomers, the resulting polysquaraine HTMs not only exhibit suitable energy levels and efficient passivation effects, but also achieve very high hole mobility close to 0.01 cm−2 V−1 s−1. Thus as dopant‐free HTMs for α‐CsPbI2Br‐based all‐inorganic PVSCs, the best PCE reached is 15.5 %, outperforming those of the doped‐Spiro‐OMeTAD (14.4 %) based control devices and among the best for all‐inorganic PVSCs.
Multifunctional Tubular Organic Cage‐Supported Ultrafine Palladium Nanoparticles for Sequential Catalysis
Authors: Sun Nana , Wang Chiming , Wang Hailong , Yang Le , Jin Peng , Zhang Wei , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe imine condensation reaction of 5,5′‐(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐4,7‐diyl)diisophthalaldehyde with cyclohexanediamine resulted in a shape‐persistent multifunctional tubular organic cage (MTC1). It exhibits selective fluorescence sensing towards divalent Pd ions with a very low detection limit (38 ppb), suggesting effective complexation between these two species. Subsequent reduction of MTC1 and Pd(OAc)2 with NaBH4 afforded a cage‐supported catalyst with well‐dispersed ultrafine Pd nanoparticles (NPs) in a narrow size distribution (1.9±0.4 nm), denoted as Pd@MTC1‐1/5. Such ultrafine Pd NPs in Pd@MTC1‐1/5, in cooperation with photocatalytically active MTC1, enable efficient sequential reactions involving visible light‐induced aerobic hydroxylation of 4‐nitrophenylboronic acid to 4‐nitrophenol and the following hydride reduction with NaBH4. This is the first example of a multifunctional organic cage capable of sensing, directing nanoparticle growth, and catalyzing sequential reactions.
Modulating Polymer Dispersity with Light: Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers Using Photochromic Initiators
Authors: Liu Di , Sponza Alvaro D. , Yang Dandan , Chiu Melanie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDeterministic methods for tuning polymer dispersity are rare, especially for nonradical polymerizations. Reported here is the first example of photomodulating dispersity in controlled cationic polymerizations of vinyl ethers using carboxy‐functionalized dithienylethene initiators. Reversible photoisomerization of these initiators induces changes in their acidities by up to an order of magnitude. Using the more acidic, ring‐closed isomers as initiators results in polymers with lower dispersities. The degree of light‐induced pKa change in the initiators correlates with the degree of dispersity change in polymers derived from the isomeric initiators. The polymerizations are controlled, and dynamic photoswitching of dispersity during the polymerization reaction was demonstrated. This work provides a framework for photomodulating dispersity in other controlled polymerizations and developing one‐pot block copolymerization reactions in which the dispersities of component blocks can be controlled using light.
Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence with Strong Circularly Polarized Luminescence Based on Paracyclophanes
Authors: Liang Xiao , Liu Ting‐Ting , Yan Zhi‐Ping , Zhou Yan , Su Jian , Luo Xu‐Feng , Wu Zheng‐Guang , Wang Yi , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zuo Jing‐Lin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPure organic materials with intrinsic room‐temperature phosphorescence typically rely on heavy atoms or heteroatoms. Two different strategies towards constructing organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) species based upon the through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) unit of [2.2]paracyclophane (PCP) were demonstrated. Materials with bromine atoms, PCP‐BrCz and PPCP‐BrCz, exhibit RTP lifetime of around 100 ms. Modulating the PCP core with non‐halogen‐containing electron‐withdrawing units, PCP‐TNTCz and PCP‐PyCNCz, successfully elongate the RTP lifetime to 313.59 and 528.00 ms, respectively, the afterglow of which is visible for several seconds under ambient conditions. The PCP‐TNTCz and PCP‐PyCNCz enantiomers display excellent circular polarized luminescence with dissymmetry factors as high as −1.2×10−2 in toluene solutions, and decent RTP lifetime of around 300 ms for PCP‐TNTCz enantiomers in crystalline state.