bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Call variation and calling site preference of three sympatric Boulenophrys frogs
Authors: Qian Tianyu , Shang Yuanlingbo , Zheng Wenbao , Li Pipeng , Yang Daode 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Animals living in syntopy share acoustic space. Asian horned frogs are well known for their sympatric distribution, but little is known about their strategies to avoid acoustic niche competition. This study focused on three sympatric Boulenophrys frog species from southern China—B. nanlingensis, B. ombrophila, and B. shimentaina, with the former two species call in similar frequencies but breed in different seasons. First, we checked the call variation during the change of individual body size and the ambient air temperature in three species. We have found call frequencies were the most static parameters in each species that were associated with body size and contributed most to species identification. Temporal call parameters shift with temperature but are mostly influenced by low temperatures. Second, we checked the interactions between the environment and call properties. The calling site preferences of each species corresponded well with the prediction of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis (in view of higher frequency better transmission in open habitat), and species with similar call frequencies have some aspects of common calling sites. Third, we checked the species–species interaction by using playback tests with male B. nanlingensis. Results from playback experiments showed species that call at similar frequencies could hardly share the same habitat during the same season. These findings expanded the knowledge of acoustic coexistence in closely related anuran species and provided insights into the vocal behavior of Asian horned frogs.
A rare complication of intracardiac double knotting of temporary pacemaker lead during bedside insertion: a case report
Authors: Dattagupta Aditi , Agrawal Shweta , Adhyapak Srilakshmi , Kramadhari Harshith , Konda Abhilash 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Temporary pacemaker lead implantation is a common low-risk procedure, but can occasionally get complicated by infections, arrhythmias, thromboembolic events, and perforation of the vessel or the heart. However, intracardiac knotting of the temporary pacemaker lead has been rarely reported. This could lead to vascular or valvular injury, pneumothorax, symptomatic loss of pacing or haemodynamic compromise, and difficult lead removal.

Case summary
We are reporting a case of twice twice-knotted temporary pacemaker lead, which to our knowledge has not been reported before. The two knots in the transjugularly inserted temporary pacemaker lead, via a 6F venous sheath made it difficult to retrieve it.

Discussion
We decided to snare the knotted TPI into the inferior vena cava, and then retrieve it via a large-size femoral sheath, thus avoiding the need for a venotomy or any surgical intervention.
demuxSNP: supervised demultiplexing single-cell RNA sequencing using cell hashing and SNPs
Authors: Lynch Michael P , Wang Yufei , Ho Sui Shannan , Gatto Laurent , Culhane Aedin C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiplexing single-cell RNA sequencing experiments reduces sequencing cost and facilitates larger-scale studies. However, factors such as cell hashing quality and class size imbalance impact demultiplexing algorithm performance, reducing cost-effectiveness.

Findings
We propose a supervised algorithm, demuxSNP, which leverages both cell hashing and genetic variation between individuals (single-nucletotide polymorphisms [SNPs]). demuxSNP addresses fundamental limitations in demultiplexing methods that use only one data modality. Some cells may be confidently demultiplexed using probabilistic hashing methods. demuxSNP uses these data to infer the genotype of singlet and doublet clusters and predict on cells assigned as negative, uncertain, or doublet using a nearest-neighbor approach adapted for missing data.
We benchmarked demuxSNP against hashing, genotype-free SNP and hybrid methods on simulated and real data from renal cell cancer. demuxSNP outperformed standalone hashing methods on low-quality hashing data benchmark, improved overall classification accuracy, and allowed more high RNA quality cells to be recovered. Through varying simulated doublet rates, we showed that genotype-free SNP and hybrid methods that leverage them were impacted by class size imbalance and doublet rate. demuxSNP’s supervised approach was more robust to doublet rate in experiments with class size imbalance.

Conclusions
demuxSNP uses hashing and SNP data to demultiplex datasets with low hashing quality where biological samples are genetically distinct. Unassigned or negative cells with high RNA quality are recovered, making more cells available for analysis. Data simulation and benchmarking pipelines as well as processed benchmarking data for 5–50% doublets are publicly available. demuxSNP is available as an R/Bioconductor package (https://doi.org/doi:10.18129/B9.bioc.demuxSNP).
Return to work after parenting in thoracic surgery: a call to action
Authors: Pompili Cecilia , Costa Rita , Opitz Isabelle , Tsukazan Maria Teresa , Hugen Niek , Novoa Nuria , Blackmon Shanda , Seguin-Givelet Agathe , Antonoff Mara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Women in our modern era are facing considerable challenges in the workplace, particularly in Cardiothoracic Surgery where women are under-represented in leadership and academic roles. Returning to work after parental leave may potentially uncover or exacerbate existing gender biases within the workplace, with important consequences on professional and personal lives. Our goal was to characterize the experiences and the impact of return-to-work after parenting on Thoracic Surgery careers across Europe.

METHODS
All the participants of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons Annual Meeting in 2023 were invited to complete this 32-item questionnaire. The survey was subsequently distributed through the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons social media platform from November to January 2024. A descriptive and specific group analysis was performed according to the distribution.

RESULTS
There were 152 participants, 92 of whom were female (61.0%) and 66 (43%) were between 31 and 40 years, constituting the most heavily represented age group. More women parents reported their role as the primary care provider of their child (89% vs 34%; P &lt; 0.00001). Moreover, presence of in-hospital childcare facilities was evaluated as more important by women. Approximately half of the parent-respondents reported breastfeeding (42, 52%), but only 26% (11) of this group indicated having any type of flexible hours for breast-feeding. Compared to men, women more often agreed that parenting might affect their career (81% vs 53%; P = 0.040) and felt less supported by their employers when having children (45% vs 68%; P = 0.37).

CONCLUSIONS
This survey study identified main challenges to return to surgical work after parental leaves. Lack of structural or system-level support and limited resources for childcare and breastfeeding were considerably affecting women surgeons. Institutional initiatives for new parents and breast-feeding colleagues are crucial for supporting a diverse workforce, and any kind of discrimination derived from parental leaves should not be tolerated.
AmpC β-lactamases detected in Southeast Asian Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Roberts Tamalee , Ling Clare L , Watthanaworawit Wanitda , Cheav Chanvoleak , Sengduangphachanh Amphonesavanh , Silisouk Joy , Hopkins Jill , Phommasone Koukeo , Batty Elizabeth M , Turner Paul , Ashley Elizabeth A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
AmpC β-lactamases are neglected compared with ESBL as a cause of third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistance in Enterobacterales in low- and middle-income countries and the burden is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in clinical specimens from three clinical research laboratories in Southeast Asia.

Methods
Stored clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae resistant to ceftriaxone or ceftazidime or cefpodoxime and ESBL confirmation test negative were screened using MASTDISCS AmpC, ESBL and Carbapenemase Detection Set—D72C. Short-read WGS was performed to identify ampC genes.

Results
Of 126 isolates collected between 2010 and 2020, 31 (24.6%) and 16 (12.7%) were phenotypically AmpC and inducible AmpC positive by MASTDISCS testing, respectively. All inducible AmpC isolates were ceftriaxone susceptible and 97.7% of AmpC/inducible AmpC isolates tested against cefoxitin were resistant. Through WGS, 17 and eight different STs were detected for the AmpC/inducible AmpC E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Twelve different β-lactamase resistance genes were detected, with blaCMY-2 most commonly in AmpC-positive isolates (20/31; 64.5%; 15 chromosomal, five plasmid). All inducible AmpC-positive isolates had the blaDHA-1 gene (seven chromosomal, nine plasmid).

Conclusions
Though uncommon, AmpC and inducible AmpC β-lactamases in E. coli and K. pneumoniae are an important cause of infection in Southeast Asia. With current testing methods, these infections may be going undetected, resulting in patients receiving suboptimal treatment.
Trends in central/peripheral ratio of fentanyl in Harris County, TX, and Orange County, CA, from 2009 to 2020
Authors: Behnke Grayce , Mata Dani , Meneses Vanessa , Strickland Erin C , Gray Teresa R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since the opioid epidemic was declared in 2017, postmortem fentanyl cases and the need for interpretation of their results have increased. Postmortem redistribution (PMR) is one of the factors to consider when interpreting cases. There have been several previous studies regarding fentanyl PMR; however, these studies either have small sample sizes or were conducted prior to the declaration of the opioid epidemic, which may cause conflicting results and not be reflective of current trends. This study includes fentanyl central/peripheral (C/P) blood ratios from 748 cases from both Harris County, TX, and Orange County, TX, spanning from January 2009 to June 2022. Because the data set was determined to be non-normally distributed, a Kruskal–Wallis test was used for statistical comparisons. There were statistically significant differences between epidemic cases from the Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences and the Orange County Crime Laboratory, C/P ratios from pre-epidemic to epidemic years, and in cases where medically related administration of fentanyl was documented when compared to cases where there was no documentation of licit fentanyl use. Various factors that could impact PMR were evaluated (age, gender, polydrug use, etc.), and no clear trend or observation was made from the data. Based on the results of this study, there is still no clear indication as to what caused the increase in C/P ratios, but it may be related to an increase in illicit fentanyl use.
Far from Home: The Impact of Corruption on Tactical Military Effectiveness
Authors: Binetti Marco Nicola 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article investigates how regime corruption affects the tactical military effectiveness of armies during clashes against violent non-state actors. It is posited that as armies operate further from their main logistic hub, regime corruption increasingly undermines their battlefield capabilities. In fact, corruption diminishes troops' skills and reduces the quality and quantity of their weapons, while as armies become more reliant on extended and strained supply lines, they become more vulnerable to inadequate equipment. To test this hypothesis, a range of multivariate Tobit, ordinary least squares (OLS), and multilevel regression analyses is employed, using data from engagements between armies and violent non-state actors worldwide between 1989 and 2021.
“It’s My Sciatica.”: Radiating Leg Pain in a 37-Year-Old
Authors: Taylor Riden William , Standaert Christopher J. , Carneiro Kevin A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lumbar disc herniations are a common clinical problem, most often affecting those in their 30s or 40s. When symptomatic, they are often associated with low back pain (LBP) with radiation down one or both legs, depending on the location of the herniation. The majority of lumbar disc herniations (~95%) occur at the L4/5, L5/S1 levels and can occur with or without an inciting event. In the absence of severe or progressive motor weakness or cauda equina syndrome, this problem is typically managed with nonsurgical treatments geared toward symptom control, patient education, and watchful waiting for improvement over time. For most patients, radicular pain will resolve within 6–12 weeks. Surgery is performed only in about 10% of those sustaining a disc herniation with a radiculopathy. Therefore, this problem is most effectively treated with symptom management, activity modification, reassurance, and patient education about how to recognize progressive or concerning neurologic symptoms.
“I Was Rear-Ended Last Week, and My Back Is Killing Me.”: Pain after a Motor Vehicle Accident
Authors: Holmes Benjamin D. , Atlas Steven J. , Roseen Eric J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is common after motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Most LBP following a MVC is localized and not radicular in nature. In the absence of neurologic findings, it can be difficult to identify a specific cause of LBP. Common sources of pain include spinal and surrounding connective tissue injury. Serious pathology, although rare, can occur in MVCs, and the severity of the collision, loss of consciousness, sudden pain, and multiple traumas can alert responders at the scene to individuals who require emergency evaluation. Imaging is unlikely to change initial management of these patients in the absence of radicular symptoms and other red flags. Although most patients with MVC-related LBP recover within 4–10 weeks, pain is reported by 30% at 12 months and 20% at 7 years. Evidence of poor recovery on follow-up, despite active participation in physical treatments, should prompt exploration of contributing psychosocial factors.
“My Injury Was Years Ago, but Something in My Back Is Not Right.”: Low Back Pain on the Way to the Paralympics
Authors: Crane Deborah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are prone to certain spinal issues over time including neuropathic spinal arthropathy, or Charcot spine. Many individuals with SCI have low back or trunk pain. Muscular weakness, spinal column and spinal cord trauma, surgery, altered biomechanics, and spinal deformity all may contribute to pain in those with SCI. Issues related to prior trauma must be considered when affected individuals present with new, worsening, or progressive pain. Typically affecting the lumbar spine, Charcot spine is associated with bony destruction and may result in instability, audible “clunking,” and/or further neurological injury. Plain X-rays and advanced imaging, typically magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are required. Affected individuals should see a spine surgeon, as this condition often requires surgical stabilization. Expertise in the medical care, functional optimization, and wheelchair seating specific to individuals with SCI is needed to care for individuals with this condition.
Individual and Catchment Area Factors Associated With Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Within the Military Health System
Authors: Segel Joel E , Chetlen Alison , Ramos Mark , Zaorsky Nicholas G , Chi Guangqing , Luan Patrick 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Breast and cervical cancer screening is critical to identifying cases at earlier stages in order to begin treatment earlier and improve survival. Screening rates have been shown to vary within the Military Health System (MHS). The goal is to estimate drivers of variation in screening rates within the MHS.

Materials and Methods
We used 2007-2019 MHS Data Repository Data to examine individual-level and catchment area-level factors associated with 1- and 2-year breast and cervical cancer screening rates. Specifically, we estimated univariate and multivariate association between 1- and 2-year probability of breast and cervical cancer screening rates and age group, marital status, rank, service branch, beneficiary type (service member vs. dependent), race/ethnicity of service members, catchment area fraction of overall care through purchased care and average per capita spending. The project was approved by both the Penn State Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Defense Health Agency’s electronic IRB.

Results
Overall, we observed a 45.6% 1 year and a 65.7% 2-year mammography screening rate and a 30.5% 1 year and a 51.9% 2-year Pap testing rate. For breast cancer screening, we found higher screening rates for older (ages 50-64 years), married, service members, more senior ranked women or those married to more senior ranked members, and non-Hispanic Black women in both unadjusted and multivariate analyses. Conversely, we found higher rates of cervical cancer screening for younger, unmarried, more junior ranked women as well as for non-Hispanic Black women. We also found higher rates for both breast and cervical cancer screening in catchment areas with a greater fraction of care delivered through the private sector.

Conclusion
Our finding of higher screening in catchment areas with higher rates of purchased care warrants additional study to understand what factors may drive this result. The differential findings of the association between individual characteristics and breast and cervical cancer screening suggest important differences in these 2 types of screening with potentially different policies required to encourage and enhance breast vs. cervical cancer screening. Finally, our results showing higher screening among non-Hispanic Black women suggests important features of the MHS, such as universal, low-cost sharing coverage may help to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in breast and cervical cancer screening.
Key Insights for the Ethical and Appropriate Use of Artificial Intelligence by Medical Learners
Authors: Murray Brian Patrick , Thota Darshan S , Baker Carrie , Stierwalt Joshua B 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The rapid advancement and adoption of large language models (LLMs) in various academic domains necessitate an examination of their role in scholarly works by medical learners.
This paper seeks to discern the implications of LLM use by medical learners when preparing works for publication. While LLMs possess great potential to revolutionize the academic writing process, they can detract from the learning process when used by students and residents who are still learning how to research, formulate ideas, and write cohesive arguments.

Materials and Methods
An environmental scan of both traditional evidence-based sources and gray literature was performed to glean best practices of generative AI in medical education. Sources included peer-reviewed journals, open-source websites, and previous publications in this field ranging from 2015 to 2023.

Results
We propose several strategies to detect AI involvement: direct inquiry to the learner, assessing the coherence level of the content in contrast to the learner’s known capabilities, recognizing patterns of shallow insight or depth, utilizing plagiarism and AI-specific detection tools, and monitoring for fabricated citations—a known pitfall of LLMs.

Conclusions
Although LLMs offer potential efficiencies in academic writing, unchecked use can jeopardize the development of essential critical thinking and analytical skills in medical learners. Ultimately, mentors and primary investigators are responsible for ensuring learners are advancing and appropriately utilizing new and emerging technology. This study provides a foundational framework for educators in both responsible use of generative AI and best practices.
Assessing the diagnostic and therapeutic value of submandibular gland elastography in patients with immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis
Authors: Shibuki Saki , Saida Tsukasa , Tsuboi Hiroto , Kamimaki Takashi , Ota Maki , Sugaya Yohei , Ichinose Naoya , Yoshida Miki , Matsumoto Isao , Nakajima Takahito 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To investigate the utility of shear wave elastography (SWE) values in differentiating IgG4-related submandibular sialadenitis (IgG4-RSS) from healthy individuals and in monitoring the response to glucocorticoid treatment.

Methods
Patients with IgG4-RSS who underwent ultrasound between 2017 and 2023 were included. Gland size, border, internal echo pattern, vascularity, and SWE were measured. These parameters were compared with those of the healthy controls, and before and after treatment.

Results
Thirty-one glands from 16 patients were analysed. All glands had a nodular shape; the nodular hypoechoic was the most prevalent pattern, followed by the diffuse hypoechoic; the reticular was the least common. Most glands had rich vascularity, whereas two glands had minimal vascularity. The depth (mean 18 mm) and SWE (mean 3.57 m/s) were significantly higher in IgG-RSS (P = .003 and &lt;.001, respectively) than in the healthy controls. Nine glands from five patients were enrolled to evaluate the treatment response. After treatment, the margins became smoother and all glands showed a reduction in size, hypoechoic area, and vascularity. The mean SWE decreased from 3.56 m/s to 2.50 m/s with a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The SWE is useful for diagnosing IgG4-RSS and assessing the effectiveness of treatment.
Community-level variability in Bronx COVID-19 hospitalizations associated with differing population immunity during the second year of the pandemic
Authors: Forster Ryan , Griffen Anthony , Daily Johanna P , Kelly Libusha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Bronx, New York, exhibited unique peaks in the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and hospitalizations compared to national trends. To determine which features of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus might underpin this local disease epidemiology, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the genomic epidemiology of the four dominant strains of SARS-CoV-2 (Alpha, Iota, Delta, and Omicron) responsible for COVID-19 cases in the Bronx between March 2020 and January 2023. Genomic analysis revealed similar viral fitness for Alpha and Iota variants in the Bronx despite nationwide data showing higher cases of Alpha. However, Delta and Omicron variants had increased fitness within the borough. While the transmission dynamics of most variants in the Bronx corresponded with mutational fitness-based predictions of transmissibility, the Delta variant presented as an exception. Epidemiological modeling confirms Delta’s advantages of higher transmissibility in Manhattan and Queens, but not the Bronx; wastewater analysis suggests underdetection of cases in the Bronx. The Alpha variant had slightly faster growth but a lower carrying capacity compared to Iota and Delta in all four boroughs, suggesting stronger limitations on Alpha’s growth in New York City (NYC). The founder effect of Iota varied between higher vaccinated and lower vaccinated boroughs with longer delay, shorter duration, and lower fitness of the Alpha variant in lower vaccinated boroughs. Amino acid changes in T-cell and antibody epitopes revealed Delta and Iota having larger antigenic variability and antigenic profiles distant from local previously circulating lineages compared to Alpha. In concert with transmission modeling, our data suggest that the limited spread of Alpha may be due to a lack of adaptation to immunity in NYC. Overall, our study demonstrates that localized analyses and integration of orthogonal community-level datasets can provide key insights into the mechanisms of transmission and immunity patterns associated with regional COVID-19 incidence and disease severity that may be missed when analyzing broader datasets.