bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fat crystals: A tool to inhibit molecular transport in W/O/W double emulsions
Authors: Nelis Veronique , Declerck Arnout , Vermeir Lien , Balcaen Mathieu , Dewettinck Koen , Van der Meeren Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWater‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double emulsions are a promising technology for encapsulation applications of water soluble compounds with respect to functional food systems. Yet molecular transport through the oil phase is a well‐known problem for liquid oil‐based double emulsions. The influence of network crystallization in the oil phase of W/O/W globules was evaluated by NMR and laser light scattering experiments on both a liquid oil‐based double emulsion and a solid fat‐based double emulsion. Water transport was assessed by low‐resolution NMR diffusometry and by an osmotically induced swelling or shrinking experiment, whereas manganese ion permeation was followed by means of T2‐relaxometry. The solid fat‐based W/O/W globules contained a crystal network with about 80% solid fat. This W/O/W emulsion showed a reduced molecular water exchange and a slower manganese ion influx in the considered time frame, whereas its globule size remained stable under the applied osmotic gradients. The reduced permeability of the oil phase is assumed to be caused by the increased tortuosity of the diffusive path imposed by the crystal network. This solid network also provided mechanical strength to the W/O/W globules to counteract the applied osmotic forces.
Revised upper limb module for spinal muscular atrophy: 12 month changes
Authors: Pera Maria Carmela , Coratti Giorgia , Mazzone Elena S. , Montes Jacqueline , Scoto Mariacristina , De Sanctis Roberto , Main Marion , Mayhew Anna , Muni Lofra Robert , Dunaway Young Sally , Glanzman Allan M. , Duong Tina , Pasternak Amy , Ramsey Danielle , Darras Basil , Day John W. , Finkel Richard S. , De Vivo Darryl C. , Sormani Maria Pia , Bovis Francesca , Straub Volker , Muntoni Francesco , Pane Marika , Mercuri Eugenio ,   for the iSMAC Consortium Group
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the study was to assess 12 month changes in upper limb function in patients affected by spinal muscular atrophy type 2 and 3. Methods: Longitudinal 12 month data was collected in 114 patients, 60 type 2 and 54 type 3, using the Revised Upper Limb Module. Results: The 12 month changes ranged between ‐7 and 9 (mean: ‐0.41; SD: 2.93). The mean changes were not significantly different between the three spinal muscular atrophy groups (‐0.45 in type 2, ‐0.23 in non‐ambulant type 3 and ‐0.34 in ambulant type 3, p = 0.96) and the relationship between 12 month change and age classes was not significantly different among the three types of SMA patients. Discussion: Our results confirm that the Module explores a wide range of functional abilities and can be used in ambulant and non‐ambulant patients of different ages in conjunction with other functional scales. Muscle Nerve 59:426–430, 2019
Trends in Lipids, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes Mellitus in the United States: An NHANES Analysis (2003‐2004 to 2013‐2014)
Authors: Palmer Michael K. , Toth Peter P. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate frequency and prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus in US adults.MethodsData were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2003‐2004 to 2013‐2014) (n = 32,188). The frequency and prevalence of diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and abdominal obesity were calculated and extrapolated to the US adult population. Average levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and triglycerides (TG) were also assessed.ResultsMean HDL‐C remained constant over the study in men (~48 mg/dL) and women (~58 mg/dL). A downward trend was observed for median TG levels in men (122 mg/dL, 2003‐2004; 98 mg/dL, 2013‐2014) and women (110 mg/dL, 2003‐2004; 90 mg/dL, 2013‐2014). The estimated frequency of obesity increased by 20.4 million, and the estimated frequency of diabetes increased by 9 million, affecting 21.2 million (10%) and 30.2 million (13%) US adults, respectively. The estimated frequency (and prevalence) of metabolic syndrome was unchanged at ~50 million (23%).ConclusionsThe frequency and prevalence of key cardiovascular risk factors, particularly diabetes and obesity, continue to increase in US adults and represent a substantial clinical burden. More effective preventive interventions are required to reduce the rising prevalence of obesity and its metabolic sequelae.
Manganese‐Zinc Ferrites: Safe and Efficient Nanolabels for Cell Imaging and Tracking In Vivo
Authors: Herynek Vít , Turnovcová Karolína , Gálisová Andrea , Kaman Ondřej , Mareková Dana , Koktan Jakub , Vosmanská Magda , Kosinová Lucie , Jendelová Pavla 
Published: January 2019

AbstractManganese‐zinc ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by using a hydrothermal treatment, coated with silica, and then tested as efficient cellular labels for cell tracking, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo. A toxicity study was performed on rat mesenchymal stem cells and C6 glioblastoma cells. Adverse effects on viability and cell proliferation were observed at the highest concentration (0.55 mM) only; cell viability was not compromised at lower concentrations. Nanoparticle internalization was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The particles were found in membranous vesicles inside the cytoplasm. Although the metal content (0.42 pg Fe/cell) was lower compared to commercially available iron oxide nanoparticles, labeled cells reached a comparable relaxation rate R2, owing to higher nanoparticle relaxivity. Cells from transgenic luciferase‐positive rats were used for in vivo experiments. Labeled cells were transplanted into the muscles of non‐bioluminescent rats and visualized by MRI. The cells produced a distinct hypointense signal in T2‐ or T2*‐weighted MR images in vivo. Cell viability in vivo was verified by bioluminescence.
Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibrous Membranes for Point‐of‐Use Water and Air Cleaning
Authors: Roche Remi , Yalcinkaya Fatma 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNovel electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous membranes were prepared by using heat‐press lamination under various conditions. The air permeability and the burst‐pressure tests were run to select the membranes for point‐of‐use air and water cleaning. Membrane characterization was performed by using scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and average pore size measurements. Selected membranes were used for both air dust filtration and cross‐flow water filtration tests. Air dust filter results indicated that electrospun PAN nanofibrous membranes showed very high air‐dust filtration efficiency of more than 99.99 % in between PM0.3 and PM2.5, whereas cross‐flow filtration test showed very high water permeability over 600 L/(m2hbar) after 6 h of operation. Combining their excellent efficiency and water permeability, these membranes offer an ideal solution to filter both air and water pollutants.
Delayed methotrexate clearance in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia concurrently receiving dasatinib
Authors: Ramsey Laura B. , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Vinks Alexander A. , O'Brien Maureen M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe aimed to determine whether patients receiving dasatinib or imatinib concurrently with high‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) had slower methotrexate clearance than patients not receiving a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) during the HDMTX infusion. Patients concurrently receiving dasatinib and HDMTX (N = 7) had significantly slower MTX clearance (P = 0.008) than patients not receiving a TKI (N = 111). Two patients receiving a TKI during a HDMTX infusion required glucarpidase. In vitro studies showed that dasatinib significantly inhibited methotrexate uptake by SLCO1B1‐expressing cells (P = 0.009). There may be an interaction between dasatinib and HDMTX, mediated by the transporter SLCO1B1, that causes a delay in MTX clearance.
Forty‐five consecutive cases of complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancy treated with microwave ablation: A single‐center experience
Authors: Meng Xinlu , Yuan Pengbo , Gong Lijun , Wang Xueju , Wu Tianchen , Wei Yuan , Zhao Yangyu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe our preliminary experience in the application of microwave ablation for selective fetal reduction in complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancies.MethodsIn this prospective study, 45 consecutive complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancies that underwent microwave ablation for selective fetal reduction from July 2015 to February 2017 were analyzed from the first case onward. All patients were managed at the Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing, China.ResultsThere were 45 cases (twins in 40 and triplets in five) treated by microwave ablation. The median gestational age at surgery was 21.3 weeks (range, 15.9‐25.7 wk), with a mean total ablation time of 8.5 ± 4.2 (7.2‐9.7) minutes. There were 12 (26.7%) cases of postprocedural fetal loss. Thirty‐three women delivered alive at a median gestational age of 37.6 weeks (range, 28.6‐40.4 wk). There were no neonatal deaths in our cohort, and the overall survival rate was 73.3% (33/45). Preterm premature rupture of membranes occurred in 9 (20.0%) cases with a median of 7.0 weeks (range, 0.9‐16.3 wk) after the surgery. None of the surviving cotwins had evidence of thermal injury or neurological abnormalities.ConclusionMicrowave ablation appears to be a safe and effective method for selective feticide in complicated monochorionic pregnancies.
The relationship between behavior at school entry and services received in third grade
Authors: Kulkarni Tara , Sullivan Amanda L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent studies report the cumulative prevalence of behavioral disorders among school‐age children to be second only to anxiety disorders. Unfortunately, by the time behavior has been identified as needing special education services, patterns of disruptive and externalizing behavior have often become unremitting. If at‐risk behavior can be reliably identified at school entry, there is potential to intervene early to reduce severity and chronicity of behavior. Thus, with the aid of a nationally representative sample (n = 17,490), this study aimed to ascertain if teacher‐observed disruptive behavior in kindergarten predicted children’s categorical identification for special education and receipt of behavior goals in their individualized education plans in third grade. Results indicated externalizing behaviors and approaches to learning at school entry, predicted identification with emotional disturbance, and other health impairment due to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in third grade. In addition, externalizing behaviors at school entry increased the likelihood of a child receiving an individualized education plan with an appropriate behavior goal. Self‐control was not a significant predictor of any outcome. Finally, the covariates of sex, reading achievement, and race at school entry were significantly associated with a child’s need for behavior‐related services. Implications for early intervention are discussed.
Co‐creating a school‐based Facing Your Fears anxiety treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder: A model for school psychology
Authors: Kester Karen R. , Lucyshyn Joseph M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAcross the disciplines of psychology, the research to practice gap is gaining recognition. This study used an integrated knowledge translation (iKT) framework to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability of delivering an anxiety intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders (i.e., FYF), in schools. Five participants (three educators and two parents) offered their perspectives on program strengths, barriers to implementation, and adaptations for the school setting. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The participants provided valuable information about program structure and considerations for implementation in schools. Results indicated that participants found the proposed modified
FYF to be acceptable and feasible and recommended pilot testing the intervention. Specific recommendations for adaptations are discussed. This study offers a model for researchers to collaborate with key stakeholders in adapting interventions for use in schools, thereby, bridging the gap between research and practice.
Thermal properties and structure of electrospun blends of PVDF with a fluorinated copolymer
Authors: Govinna Nelaka , Sadeghi Ilin , Asatekin Ayse , Cebe Peggy 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTWe report the structure and thermal properties of blends comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and a random fluorinated copolymer (FCP) of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐random‐1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyl methacrylate, promising membrane materials for oil–water separation. The roles of processing method and copolymer content on structure and properties were studied for fibrous membranes and films with varying compositions. Bead‐free, nonwoven fibrous membranes were obtained by electrospinning. Fiber diameters ranged from 0.4 to 1.9 μm, and thinner fibers were obtained for PVDF content >80%. As copolymer content increased, degree of crystallinity and onset of degradation for each blend decreased. Processing conditions have a greater impact on the crystallographic phase of PVDF than copolymer content. Fibers have polar beta phase; solution‐cast films contain gamma and beta phase; and melt crystallized films form alpha phase. Kwei's model was used to model the glass transition temperatures of the blends. Addition of FCP increases hydrophobicity of the electrospun membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 312–322
Dual entropic and enthalpic processes in the lower critical solution temperature phase separation of poly(vinyl methyl ether) aqueous solutions
Authors: Song Li , Lin Jiaxiang , He Yang , Li Jingqing , Sheng Jing , Jiang Shichun , Huang Dinghai 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn the lower critical solution temperature phase separation of poly(vinyl methyl ether) aqueous solutions, the process corresponding to the weakening of the hydrogen bond interaction with increasing temperature is dominant and occurs over the entire concentration region of solutions and over a broad temperature range from 30 to 41°C, giving rise to the energetic enthalpic effect during phase separation, while the conformational change, that is, collapse of the swollen polymer coils, occurs only in the swelling polymer solution when the water concentration is above 38.3 wt %, giving rise to the entropic effect during phase separation. In addition, the entropic process corresponding to the collapse of the polymer coils occurs in a much narrow theta temperature range from 35.5 to 37°C. If the solution is held at a constant temperature for a sufficiently long time, 90% collapse of the polymer coils occurs in only the 0.5 °C temperature region between 35.5 and 36°C. Accordingly, in the enthalpic process, the most dramatic blueshift of the νC‐O bond peak occurs in the temperature range between 35 and 41°C, while this blueshift is only approximately 2 cm−1 in the temperature range from 30 to 35°C, prior to the collapse of the polymer coils due to the entropic effect. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 323–330
Sensitivity Prediction of Exploding Foil Initiator
Authors: Chen Qingchou , Ma Tao , Li Yong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA novel calculation method has been developed from the physical operating process of exploding foil initiators (EFIs) for predicting its sensitivity. The absorbed energy of metal foil bridge during electrical explosion was calculated using a dynamic resistivity model. The electrical energy is proportional converted into the flyer motion because of the effects of light, heat, and electromagnetic wave. The flyer velocity of EFIs was calculated by the one‐dimensional Lagrange hydrodynamic model with the help of the correction factor. Depending on a developed ignition and growth model, the shock initiation by the flyer impact process was simulated for the built‐up detonation characterization. The current, voltage, and flyer velocity were measured in order to validate the accuracy of the calculating models. The threshold flyer velocity (2.85 km s−1) for initiation of HNS‐IV explosive pellet was determined by the shock initiation modeling. The threshold firing voltages were calculated from the electrical explosion and flyer motion modeling. The calculated sensitivities of EFIs with 0.2 mm barrel length are easily converged to experimental ones, yet that with the 0.4 mm barrel length has an evident error. The breakage and ablation of the flyer have significant influences on the shock initiation at a longer barrel length.
Impact of fungal and plant metabolites application on early development stages of pea powdery mildew
Authors: Barilli Eleonora , González‐Bernal María J , Cimmino Alessio , Agudo‐Jurado Francisco J , Masi Marco , Rubiales Diego , Evidente Antonio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPea powdery mildew incited by Erysiphe pisi represents a major constraint for pea crops worldwide. Crop protection is largely based on chemical control, although recently a renewed interest in the discovery of natural products as alternatives to synthetic fungicides application has emerged. Thus, 12 bioactive plant and fungal metabolites belonging to different class of natural compounds were evaluated, together with a commercial fungicide, at different concentrations on detached pea leaves for their potential to inhibit spore germination and subsequent stages of fungal growth. The most effective metabolites were tested at different concentrations in planta under controlled conditions to evaluate the level of control achieved by treatments before, concurrently and after pathogen inoculation. Pathogen development was macroscopically scored on whole plants as percentage of disease severity and area under the disease progress curve.RESULTSCavoxin, inuloxin C and sphaeropsidin A strongly inhibited E. pisi germination and haustoria formation and reduced colony size. This effect was dose dependent. These results were further confirmed in whole plants by spraying the metabolites on plant leaves for preventive or curative control, which reduced fungal developmental of E. pisi at levels comparable with those obtained by application of the fungicide.CONCLUSIONSCavoxin, inuloxin C and sphaeropsidin A have potential as alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of crop pathogens of economic importance such as powdery mildew. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A branched arabinoglucan from Angelica sinensis ameliorates diabetic renal damage in rats
Authors: Sui Yi , Liu Wenjuan , Tian Wen , Li Xiao‐Qiang , Cao Wei 
Published: January 2019

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication in long‐standing diabetic patients, and effective therapies are required. In this study, we examined the effects and mechanisms of an arabinoglucan (AG) isolated from Angelica sinensis on DN, which was induced in rats by streptozotocin. The rats were intraperitoneally treated with AG for 8 weeks. Diabetic rats exhibited renal dysfunction, as evidenced by reduced creatinine clearance, increased blood urea nitrogen and proteinuria, along with marked enhanced mesangial expansion. All of these abnormalities were reversed by the AG. Overproliferation of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) was halted by AG treatment, and inflammation mediators were attenuated. Furthermore, the AG significantly inhibited the expression of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), both in diabetic kidneys and in high glucose‐induced GMCs. Using an NF‐κB inhibitor, RAGE siRNA and RAGE‐overexpressing plasmid, we further demonstrated that the AG inhibited GMC viability mediated by RAGE/NF‐κB signaling pathway. More importantly, we show that the AG can directly interact with RAGE and disrupt RAGE binding to advanced glycation end products using microscale thermophoresis. These findings suggest that this AG, acting as a RAGE antagonist, is a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of DN.
Landau–Zener Topological Quantum State Transfer
Authors: Longhi Stefano , Giorgi Gian Luca , Zambrini Roberta 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFast and robust quantum state transfer (QST) is a major requirement in quantum control and in scalable quantum information processing. Topological protection has emerged as a promising route for the realization of QST robust against sizable imperfections in the network. Here, a scheme is presented for robust QST of topologically protected edge states in a dimeric Su–Schrieffer–Heeger spin chain assisted by Landau–Zener tunneling. As compared to topological QST protocols based on Rabi flopping proposed in recent works, the method is more advantageous in terms of robustness against both diagonal and off‐diagonal disorder in the chain, without a substantial increase of the interaction time.
Influence of leaf age, species and soil depth on the authenticity and geographical origin assignment of green tea
Authors: Liu Zhi , Zhang Yongzhi , Zhang Yu , Yang Guilin , Shao Shengzhi , Nie Jing , Yuan Yuwei , Rogers Karyne M. 
Published: January 2019

RationaleStable isotope fractionation occurring during leaf growth provides internal characteristics for identifying the geographical origin, traceability and authentication of tea. Studying the influence of leaf age, species and the relationship with the cultivated soil may reveal previously undocumented stable isotope fractionation mechanisms, and provide a deeper understanding of the physiological isotopic effects on the tractability and authentication accuracy of green tea to combat mislabeling and fraudulent conduct.MethodsA total of 36 pairs of young (one bud with one leaf) and mature growth (older leaf) samples from two species of Longjing tea (Longjing #43 and Colonial cultivar) and corresponding cultivation soil samples from two different depth layers (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm) were collected in Westlake district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China. Four stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, and δ18O values) were measured using an elemental analyzer coupled with an isotope ratio spectrometer. Linear correlation and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical analyses were performed to investigate isotopic fractionation mechanisms during plant growth, and reflect the dynamic physiological processes from soil to leaf.ResultsThe carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N values) reflected the absorption, migration and fractionation of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous nutrients during photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, nitrogen fixation and leaf respiration. The water isotope ratios (δ2H and δ18O values) reflected the use and fractionation of water by tea plants at different growth stages.ConclusionsConsiderable differences were found for hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios according to leaf age, revealing complex isotopic fractionation mechanisms and possible interference factors. Leaf maturity effects should be considered, as they will influence the precision and accuracy of models when assigning the geographical origin, traceability and authentication of tea.