bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-assembled semiconducting monolayers in organic electronics
Authors: Sizov Alexey S. , Agina Elena V. , Ponomarenko Sergey A. 
Published: August 2018

The results of studies dealing with the self-assembly of semiconducting monolayers of conjugated oligomers are integrated and analyzed. General information about the design of organic field effect transistors is given and the details of calculation of their key parameters are described. The main classes of conjugated oligomers used as semiconductors in organic field effect transistors are considered. The modern achievements in the fabrication of microelectronic devices based on self-assembled monolayer semiconductors are demonstrated and the results of the most successful use of such systems are presented.
The bibliography includes 102 references.
Recent advances in the chemistry of 3-nitro-2H- and 3-nitro-4H-chromenes
Authors: Korotaev Vladislav Yu. , Kutyashev Igor B. , Barkov Alexey Yu. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. 
Published: August 2018

The review integrates and systematically describes data on the methods of synthesis, reactivity and biological activity of 3-nitro-2H-chromenes published over the last five years and data on 3-nitro-4H-chromenes and related 3-nitro-4H-pyrans published over the whole investigation period. Nucleophilic addition, including asymmetric synthesis, cycloaddition and redox reactions involving the C=C double bond and the nitro group of 3-nitro-2H-chromenes, are considered. The transformations of new and poorly investigated 3-nitro-4H-chromenes include reactions of 4-sulfanyl-substituted 3-nitro-4H-chromenes with nucleophiles, reactions of the nitroenamine moiety and removal of the alkylsulfanyl group using reductive processes. Reaction mechanisms and stereochemistry of the reaction products are discussed.
The bibliography includes 103 references.
Recent advances in antifungal drug discovery based on polyene macrolide antibiotics
Authors: Omelchuk Olga A. , Tevyashova Anna N. , Shchekotikhin Andrei E. 
Published: August 2018

The review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of new derivatives of polyene macrolide antibiotics by chemical modification and genetic engineering methods, results of structure – activity relationship studies and progress in the development of effective and safe drug formulations of this class of antibiotics. Attention is focused on structural changes of polyenes, resulting in a significant decrease in toxicity with retention or even enhancement of antifungal activity. Current concepts on the mechanisms of biological action of these antiobiotics in terms of their therapeutic activity and toxicity are considered.
The bibliography includes 77 references.
Contributing Towards a Cultural Neuropsychology Assessment Decision-Making Framework: Comparison of WAIS-IV Norms from Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Spain, United States, and Canada
Authors: Duggan Emily C , Awakon Lina Marcela , Loaiza Cilia Carolina , Garcia-Barrera Mauricio A 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTest and normative data selection in cross-cultural neuropsychology remain a complex issue. Despite growing awareness, more studies and instruments are needed to adequately address the impact of cultural factors, such as quantity and quality of education. In this study, we examine the interpretive effects of applying six relevant WAIS-IV norms to a Colombian sample.MethodA sample of 305 highly educated Colombian corporate executives completed the WAIS-IV. Data were scored using norms from Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Spain, United States, and Canada and scores were compared using ANOVA. Additionally, a comparative sociodemographic framework was established to contextualize our sample to the standardization samples and populations of the six countries.ResultsColombian and Chilean norms yielded systematically similar FSIQ/Index scores (mean range = 117–121), while incrementally lower scores were found with norms from Mexico (–3–9 points), Spain (–3–11 points), USA (–8–13 points), and Canada (–11–18 points). Verbal scores differed, with highest scores obtained with Mexican and Spanish norms. Working memory and processing speed scores had the lowest score agreement across norms.ConclusionsAlthough the Chilean norms are more frequently used in Colombia, the recently developed Colombian norms appear optimal for our sample; the scores do not have meaningful differences with those obtained with Chilean norms and offer local population representation fidelity. Mexican, Spanish, US, and Canadian norms underestimated WAIS-IV scores and distorted the sample’s score distribution. Finally, verbal scores highlight potential education representation within Spanish and Mexican norms, while working memory and processing speed scores suggest cultural nuances likely captured within different norms.
Functional Connectivity of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Depression and in Health
Authors: Rolls Edmund T , Cheng Wei , Gong Weikang , Qiu Jiang , Zhou Chanjuan , Zhang Jie , Lv Wujun , Ruan Hongtao , Wei Dongtao , Cheng Ke , Meng Jie , Xie Peng , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe first voxel-level resting-state functional connectivity (FC) neuroimaging analysis of depression of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) showed in 282 patients with major depressive disorder compared with 254 controls, some higher, and some lower FCs. However, in 125 unmedicated patients, primarily increases of FC were found: of the subcallosal anterior cingulate with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, of the pregenual/supracallosal anterior cingulate with the medial orbitofrontal cortex, and of parts of the anterior cingulate with the inferior frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and with early cortical visual areas. In the 157 medicated patients, these and other FCs were lower than in the unmedicated group. Parcellation was performed based on the FC of individual ACC voxels in healthy controls. A pregenual subdivision had high FC with medial orbitofrontal cortex areas, and a supracallosal subdivision had high FC with lateral orbitofrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus. The high FC in depression between the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and the subcallosal parts of the ACC provides a mechanism for more non-reward information transmission to the ACC, contributing to depression. The high FC between the medial orbitofrontal cortex and supracallosal ACC in depression may also contribute to depressive symptoms.
Human Flourishing and Integrated Care Models: The Development of the Flourish Index
Authors: Faul Anna C , D’Ambrosio Joseph G , Yankeelov Pamela A , Cotton Samantha G , Furman Christian D , Hall-Faul Madri , Gordon Barbara , Wright R Brent 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn evaluating integrated care models, traditional quality measures do not account for functional and quality of life factors, affecting older adults with multiple chronic conditions. The objective of this study was the development and validation of the Flourish Index (FI), an instrument to evaluate integrated care, using a determinants of health model.Research Design and MethodsThe study took place within the evaluation study of the Flourish Model (FM). The FM provides care coordination services using an integrated primary care and community-based services model. Baseline data from 70 older adults were used in the validation study. Twenty-seven quality of care indicators within six determinants of health, namely biological, psychological, individual health behaviors, health services, environmental, and social, formed part of the FI.ResultsCategorical principal components analysis showed a 5-dimensional structure with psychological determinants loading on the biological determinants of health. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) for the determinants was as follows: biological/psychological = 0.73, individual = 0.58, environmental = 0.62, health services = 0.65, social = 0.67, total score = 0.97. Sensitivity to change was shown for the total FI score (F1,22 = 8.82, p = .01) and social (F1,22 = 5.82, p = .02), with a trend toward sensitivity for individual health behaviors (F1,22 = 3.95, p = .06) and health services (F1,22 = 3.26, p = .09).Discussion and ImplicationsThe preliminary analysis of the FI shows promise for the usability of the index to provide insight into the fundamental challenges of aging. It brings greater clarity in caring for older adults and supports quality evaluation of integrated care coordination models.
Long-Term Survivorship Care After Cancer Treatment - Summary of a 2017 National Cancer Policy Forum Workshop
Authors: Kline Ronald M , Arora Neeraj K , Bradley Cathy J , Brauer Eden R , Graves Darci L , Lunsford Natasha Buchanan , McCabe Mary S , Nasso Shelley Fuld , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Rowland Julia H , Schear Rebekkah M , Ganz Patricia A 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine sponsored a workshop on July 24 and 25, 2017 on Long-Term Survivorship after Cancer Treatment. The workshop brought together diverse stakeholders (patients, advocates, academicians, clinicians, research funders, and policymakers) to review progress and ongoing challenges since the Institute of Medicine (IOM)’s seminal report on the subject of adult cancer survivors published in 2006. This commentary profiles the content of the meeting sessions and concludes with recommendations that stem from the workshop discussions. Although there has been progress over the past decade, many of the recommendations from the 2006 report have not been fully implemented. Obstacles related to the routine delivery of standardized physical and psychosocial care services to cancer survivors are substantial, with important gaps in care for patients and caregivers. Innovative care models for cancer survivors have emerged, and changes in accreditation requirements such as the Commission on Cancer’s (CoC) requirement for survivorship care planning have put cancer survivorship on the radar. The Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation’s Oncology Care Model (OCM), which requires psychosocial services and the creation of survivorship care plans for its beneficiary participants, has placed increased emphasis on this service. The OCM, in conjunction with the CoC requirement, is encouraging electronic health record vendors to incorporate survivorship care planning functionality into updated versions of their products. As new models of care emerge, coordination and communication among survivors and their clinicians will be required to implement patient- and community-centered strategies.
The essential evolution of LNG trading—moving to GTCs
Authors: Maalouf Ruchdi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
On 12 June 2018, French law firm De Gaulle Fleurance & Associés released a set of proposed general terms and conditions (GTCs) to be used for the sale and purchase of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the LNG GTCs 2018.1 The GTCs, which were developed with input from several LNG experts (including lawyers, traders and surveyors), in order to deliver a set of market ready terms and conditions, offer a credible alternative to the customary route of using the master LNG sales and purchases agreement (MSPA) to trade LNG cargoes which will give greater impetus to growing the short-term LNG trade sector. The GTCs, which recognize that the current contracting methodology of using MSPAs is burdensome, inefficient and obstructive to liquidity, efficiency and tradability, follow an attempt to develop a proof-of-concept over 6 years ago.2 In moving from the academic to the practical, the GTCs have been drafted and made publicly available in order to demonstrate that using GTCs for promoting the growth of short-term LNG trading is more than a theoretically desirable development.
Competition Law
Authors: Whish Richard , Bailey David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The book explains the purpose of competition policy, introduces the reader to key concepts and techniques in competition law and provides insights into the numerous different issues that arise when analysing market behaviour. Describing the law in its economics and market context, the chapters particularly consider the competition law implications of business phenomena, including distribution agreements, licences of intellectual property rights, cartels, joint ventures and mergers. The book assimilates a wide variety of resources, including judgments, decisions, guidelines and periodical literature. The text has been updated to include the changes to UK law introduced by the Consumer Rights Act 2015, including the reform of collective actions. It also considers the Directive on Antitrust Damages Actions and other measures designed to facilitate private enforcement of competition law. The book also discusses for the first time the application of competition law to price signalling, algorithmic collusion and other atypical cartel activities; it also incorporates extensive new case law and decisional practice at EU and UK level.
Article 101(3)
Authors: Whish Richard , Bailey David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Article 101(3) provides a ‘legal exception’ to the prohibition in Article 101(1) by providing that it may be declared inapplicable in respect of agreements, decisions or concerted practices, or of categories of agreements, decisions or concerted practices, that satisfy four conditions. After discussing the burden and standard of proof under Article 101(3) and the application of that provision to agreements, including restrictions of competition by object, this chapter discusses the four conditions in Article 101(3). It then considers the implications of Regulation 1/2003 for undertakings and their professional advisers, and in particular their need to ‘self-assess’ the application of Article 101(3) to agreements. The final section of this chapter describes the system of so-called ‘block exemptions’.
Competition Act 1998: substantive provisions
Authors: Whish Richard , Bailey David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Competition Act 1998, which serves as a basis for UK competition law. Following an overview of the Competition Act, it considers decisional practice and case law under the so-called Chapter I and Chapter II prohibitions in the Competition Act, which are modelled after Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. It discusses the relationship between EU and domestic competition law, including the important ‘governing principles’ clause in section 60 of the Competition Act, which is intended to achieve consistency with EU law. The chapter contains a table of all the decisions under the Competition Act to have been published on the website of the Competition and Markets Authority (‘the CMA’) since the eighth edition of the book up until 8 December 2017. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the application of the Competition Act in practice and the possible implications of Brexit for UK competition law.
Mergers (2): EU law
Authors: Whish Richard , Bailey David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of EU merger control and the jurisdictional rules which determine whether a particular merger should be investigated by the European Commission or by the national competition authorities. It deals with procedural considerations such as the mandatory pre-notification to the Commission of mergers that have a Union dimension and the timetable within which the Commission must operate. It discusses the substantive analysis of mergers under the EU Merger Regulation (‘the EUMR’) and explains the procedure for the Commission to authorise a merger on the basis of commitments offered by the parties to address its competition concerns. Finally, it describes the Commission’s powers of investigation and enforcement, judicial review of Commission decisions by the EU Courts and cooperation between the Commission and other competition authorities, both within and outside the EU. The chapter concludes with an examination of how the EUMR merger control provisions work in practice.
Mergers (3): UK law
Authors: Whish Richard , Bailey David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the UK system of merger control and explains the procedure of the Competition and Markets Authority (‘the CMA’) when determining whether a merger should be referred for an in-depth ‘Phase 2’ investigation and when deciding to accept ‘undertakings in lieu’ of a reference. It describes how Phase 2 investigations are conducted and discusses the way in which the CMA applies the ‘substantially lessening competition’ (‘SLC’) test in practice. It then explains the enforcement powers in the Enterprise Act 2002, including the remedies that the CMA can impose in merger cases, and discusses various supplementary matters, such as powers of investigation and enforcement. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how the merger control provisions work in practice and provides a brief account of the provisions on public interest cases, other special cases and mergers in the water industry.
The Role of Standard and Advanced Imaging for the Management of Brain Malignancies From a Radiation Oncology Standpoint
Authors: Press Robert H , Zhong Jim , Gurbani Saumya S , Weinberg Brent D , Eaton Bree R , Shim Hyunsuk , Shu Hui-Kuo G 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) plays a critical role in the overall management of many central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Advances in RT treatment planning, with techniques such as intensity modulated radiation therapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery, now allow the delivery of highly conformal dose with great precision. These techniques rely on high-resolution 3-dimensional anatomical imaging modalities such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to accurately and reliably define CNS targets and normal tissue avoidance structures. The integration of cross-sectional imaging into radiation oncology has directly translated into improvements in the therapeutic window of RT, and the union between radiation oncology and imaging is only expected to grow stronger. In addition, advanced imaging modalities including diffusion, perfusion, and spectroscopic MRIs as well as positron emission tomography (PET) scans with novel tracers are being utilized to provide additional insight into tumor biology and behavior beyond anatomy. Together, these standard and advanced imaging modalities hold significant potential to improve future RT delivery and response assessment. In this review, we will discuss the current utilization of standard/advanced imaging for CNS tumors from a radiation oncology perspective as well as the implications of novel MRI and PET modalities currently under investigation.
A Modified Translaryngeal Tracheostomy Technique in the Neurointensive Care Unit. Rationale and Single-center Experience on 199 Acute Brain-damaged Patients
Authors: Spina Stefano , Scaravilli Vittorio , Cavenaghi Giovanni , Manzolini Dario , Marzorati Chiara , Colombo Enrico , Savo Davide , Vargiolu Alessia , Citerio Giuseppe 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Brain-injured patients frequently require tracheostomy, but no technique has been shown to be the gold standard for these patients. We developed and introduced into standard clinical practice an innovative bedside translaryngeal tracheostomy (TLT) technique aided by suspension laryngoscopy (modified TLT). During this procedure, the endotracheal tube is left in place until the airway is secured with the new tracheostomy. This study assessed the clinical impact of this technique in brain-injured patients.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from adult brain-injured patients who had undergone modified TLT during the period spanning from January 2010 to December 2016 at the Neurointensive care unit, San Gerardo Hospital (Monza, Italy). The incidence of intraprocedural complications, including episodes of intracranial hypertension (intracranial pressure [ICP] >20 mm Hg), was documented. Neurological, ventilatory, and hemodynamic parameters were retrieved before, during, and after the procedure. Risk factors for complications and intracranial hypertension were assessed by univariate logistic analysis. Data are presented as n (%) and median (interquartile range) for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.

Results:
A total of 199 consecutive brain-injured patients receiving modified TLT were included. An overall 52% male individuals who were 66 (54 to 74) years old and who had an admission Glasgow Coma Scale of 7 (6 to 10) were included in the cohort. Intracerebral hemorrhage (30%) was the most frequent diagnosis. Neurointensivists performed 130 (65%) of the procedures. Patients underwent tracheostomy 10 (7 to 13) days after intensive care unit admission. Short (ie, <2 min) and clinically uneventful increases in ICP>20 mm Hg were observed in 11 cases. Overall, the procedure was associated with an increase in ICP from 7 (4 to 10) to 12 (7 to 18) mm Hg (P<0.001). Compared with baseline, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), respiratory variables, and hemodynamics were unchanged during the procedure (P-value, not significant). Higher baseline ICP and core temperature were associated with an increased risk of complications and intracranial hypertension. Complication rates were low: 1 procedure had to be converted to a surgical tracheostomy, and 1 (0.5%) episode of minor bleeding and 5 (2.5%) of minor non-neurological complications were recorded. Procedures performed by intensivists did not have a higher risk of complications compared with those performed by ear, nose, and throat specialists.

Conclusions:
A modified TLT (by means of suspension laryngoscopy) performed by neurointensivists is feasible in brain-injured patients and does not adversely impact ICP and CPP.
Assessment and Change: An Exploration of Documented Assessment Activities and Outcomes by Canadian Psychiatrists
Authors: Lockyer Jocelyn M. , Sockalingam Sanjeev , Campbell Craig 
Published: August 2018

Introduction:
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada are required to participate in assessment activities for all new 5-year cycles beginning on or after January 2014 to meet the maintenance of certification program requirements. This study examined the assessment activities which psychiatrists reported in their maintenance of certification e-portfolios to determine the types and frequency of activities reported; the resultant learning, planned learning, and/or changes to the practice they planned or implemented; and the interrelationship between the types of assessment activities, learning that was affirmed or planned, and changes planned or implemented.

Methods:
A total of 5000 entries from 2195 psychiatrists were examined. A thematic analysis drawing on the framework analysis was undertaken of the 2016 entries.

Results:
There were 3841 entries for analysis; 1159 entries did not meet the criteria for assessment. The most commonly reported activities were self-assessment programs, feedback on teaching, regular performance reviews, and chart reviews. Less frequent were direct observation, peer supervision, and reviews by provincial medical regulatory authorities. In response to the data, psychiatrists affirmed that their practices were appropriate, identified gaps they intended to address, planned future learning, and/or planned or implemented changes. The assessment activities were internally or externally initiated and resulted in no or small changes (accommodations and adjustments) or redirections.

Discussion:
Psychiatrists reported participating in a variety of assessment activities that resulted in variable impact on learning and change. The study underscores the need to ensure that assessments being undertaken are purposeful, relevant, and designed to enable identification of outcomes that impact practice.