bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Acoustic Emission and Machine Learning to Detect Codling Moth Infested Apples
Authors: Li Mengxing , Ekramirad Nader , Rady Ahmed , Adedeji Akinbode 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Incidence of codling moth (CM) ( L.) infestation in apples has been a major concern in North America for decades. CM larvae bore deep into the fruit, making it unmarketable. An effective noninvasive method to detect larvae-infested apples is necessary to ensure that apples are CM-free in post-harvest processing. In this study, a novel approach using an acoustic emission (AE) system and subsequent machine learning methods was applied to classify larvae-infested apples from intact apples. ‘GoldRush’ apples were infested with CM neonates and stored at the same conditions as intact apples. The AE system was used to collect the data emitted by 80 larvae-infested and intact apples in total. Eleven AE features that changed with signaling time were obtained with the AE system. For each feature, the area under the curve along the signaling time was calculated and used as an independent input variable for the machine learning algorithms, which included linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and ensemble method adaptive boosting. With signaling times ranging from 0.5 to 120 s, classification rates for infested versus intact apples ranged from 91% to 100% for the training set and from 83% to 100% for the test set. The quick signal collection and high classification accuracy obtained in this study show the potential of AE for detecting and classifying CM-infested apples. Keywords: Acoustic emission, Apple, Codling moth, Machine learning, Pest infestation.
Carbon Quality of Four-Year-Old Woodchips in a Denitrification Bed Treating Agricultural Drainage Water
Authors: Ghane Ehsan , Feyereisen Gary W. , Rosen Carl J. , Tschirner Ulrike W. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A denitrification bed is a system that can reduce the nitrate concentration in subsurface drainage water. There is a need to investigate the carbon quality of old woodchips to gain a better understanding of the effect of age on woodchip properties. The objectives of this study were to characterize the carbon quality and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of aged woodchips and to examine the suitability of a denitrification bed for a replicated experiment. To achieve these goals, we excavated four-year-old woodchips along the length of a 106.4 m long denitrification bed near Willmar, Minnesota, and analyzed them for particle size, C/N ratio, and carbon quality. Particle size analysis showed similarities from 12.5 to 106.4 m along the bed. We found a mean C/N ratio ranging from 58.4 ±3.17 to 153.4 ±9.57 (smallest at the inlet). The mean lignocellulose index (LCI, a measure of carbon quality) of the four-year-old woodchips ranged from 0.47 to 0.57 (highest at the inlet). The woodchip particle sizes, C/N ratios, and LCI from 25.9 to 106.4 m along the bed length were similar. In conclusion, the C/N ratio and LCI of the four-year-old woodchips showed effects of decomposition and increased woodchip carbon recalcitrance over time, respectively. Keywords: Denitrifying bioreactor, Tile drainage, Water quality, Woodchip bioreactor.
Characterization of Biological Pesticide Deliveries through Hydraulic Nozzles
Authors: Xiao Liping , Zhu Heping , Wallhead Matthew , Horst Leona , Ling Peter , Krause Charles R. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Increased use of biopesticides has spurred demand for efficient and effective delivery systems. To this goal, laboratory tests were conducted to investigate six different classes of biopesticides discharged from five different types of flat-fan nozzles, each with three flow capacities. The biopesticide classes were horticultural oil insecticide (HOI), bacterial biofungicide (BBF), botanical extract bio-insecticide (BEBI), liquid fungal bio-insecticide (FBI-ES), wettable powder fungal bio-insecticide (FBI-WP), and mineral salt biofungicide (MSBF). Droplet size distribution, spray pattern width, spray deposition, and coverage on plant leaves and water-sensitive paper (WSP) were the spray parameters tested. These parameters varied greatly with biopesticide class, nozzle type, and nozzle flow capacity. The DV0.5 of the biopesticides ranged from 75 to 519 µm for 0.76 L min-1 nozzles, from 86 to 509 µm for 1.51 L min-1 nozzles, and from 99 to 622 µm for 2.25 L min-1 nozzles. The use of different biopesticides with the same nozzle significantly altered the spray pattern width. Compared to a water-only solution, the largest change of spray pattern width was 14.7% for the air-induction nozzle (AI11004) discharging FBI-ES. The amount of spray deposited on plant leaves for all tested biopesticides (except HOI) did not vary significantly with different nozzle types. However, the air-induction nozzles produced the most uneven spray deposition patterns. Therefore, to achieve optimal spray application efficiency and effectiveness for discharging specific classes of biopesticide, the choice of the proper nozzle type and flow capacity is critical. Keywords: Biopesticide, Crop protection, Deposition, Droplet size, Spray coverage.
High-Pressure Treatment Effects on Density Profile, Surface Roughness, Hardness, and Abrasion Resistance of Paulownia Wood Boards
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Jiang Xiuping , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. , Zhu Songming , Yu Yong 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of high-pressure (HP) treatment on the mechanical performance properties of Paulownia ( spp.) wood boards. The boards were HP treated at selected pressures (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 MPa) for 30 s. A special vacuum-packing technique that sandwiched the test boards between two steel plates was used for the HP treatment to prevent board distortion. Thickness, density, vertical density profile (VDP), cell wall percentage (VC), porosity percentage (VH), surface roughness, hardness, and abrasion resistance were evaluated to assess the performance properties of the treated and untreated boards. HP treatment resulted in 45.7% to 60.0% reduction in thickness of the boards, while it increased the density by 88% to 170%. The VDP of densified boards was distributed uniformly, and core densities were only slightly higher than surface densities. HP treatment made the Paulownia board surfaces much smoother, and three roughness parameters were reduced with increasing treatment pressure level. Hardness values of the boards were improved by 84% to 173%. The mass loss values of HP treated wood samples in abrasion tests were significantly reduced by 40.7% to 75.0%. The results of this study demonstrate that HP treatment is a useful method to improve the end-use properties of low-density wood like Paulownia. Keywords: Abrasion resistance, Hardness, High-pressure densification, Paulownia wood boards, Vertical density profile, Surface roughness.
Predictors Associated With Paid Employment Status of Community and Technical College Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Qian Xueqin , Johnson David R. , Smith Frank A. , Papay Clare K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The present study sought to identify predictors associated with paid employment outcomes for community and technical college students with intellectual disability (ID). Data used were collected from the Transition and Postsecondary Programs for Students With Intellectual Disabilities (TPSID) implemented in two community and technical colleges in the upper Midwest. The participants included 228 students with ID attending college who received supports based on the Check & Connect model. Results using logistic regression showed that students who only took inclusive classes, participated in campus events, had prior paid work experience, and participated in volunteering and/or community service were more likely to earn at or above minimum wage during their most recent year in the TPSID program. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Characteristics and Outcomes of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Participating in a Mental Health Court
Authors: Linhorst Donald M. , Loux Travis M. , Dirks-Linhorst P. Ann , Riley Sarah E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This study compares characteristics and outcomes of 70 defendants with and 1,122 without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) participating in a mental health court. Demographic and clinical characteristics differed, but criminal justice or program characteristics did not. Age, race, marital status, living situation, court location, health insurance status, and likelihood of mental illness or substance abuse diagnosis differed between the two groups. When controlling for other factors, a diagnosis of IDD did not affect the odds of negative termination from the court but did reduce the odds of rearrest within 1 year of leaving the court. Some mental health courts exclude people with IDD; the study concludes inclusion is appropriate.
La autonomía mediática del alumnado de Educación Infantil y Bachillerato: el caso español
Authors: Caldeiro-Pedreira Mari Carmen , Rodriguez-Rosell Maria Mar , Castro-Zubizarreta Ana , Renés-Arellano Paula 
Published: June 2018

La alfabetización y el desarrollo de la competencia mediática es necesaria desde los niveles educativos iniciales hasta el bachillerato; conscientes de ello, en el artículo se analizan las dimensiones de la tecnología, ideología y valores que conforman la competencia crítica (Caldeiro y Aguaded, 2015).La herramienta metodológica utilizada ha sido un cuestionario diseñado en base a las dimensiones e indicadores que propone Ferrés (2007 y 2012) para conceptualizar la mencionada competencia. La muestra descrita en la investigación corresponde al alumnado de infantil, 274 sujetos y 623 de bachillerato, de las 10 provincias que conforman el estudio nacional.Los resultados obtenidos son significativos y nos indican un elevado desarrollo de la dimensión tecnológica frente a las dimensiones de los valores e ideología, datos que se confirman tanto en Infantil como en Bachillerato. Las cifras certifican la sensible repercusión positiva de la formación mediática al tiempo que confirman su necesaria continuidad.
Effectiveness of law education given under social studies education undergraduate program<p>Sosyal bilgiler eğitimi lisans programı kapsamında verilen hukuk eğitiminin etkililiği
Authors: Sabancı Osman , Karaman Kepenekci Yasemin 
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to put forward the opinions and the suggestions of undergraduate social studies education department students about the effectiveness of the courses on law that they had taken in the dimensions of "aim", "content", "method" and "evaluation". Descriptive analysis was used in this qualitative study. The data was gathered by the “Opinion Form towards the Effectiveness of Law Related Education”. The working group of the study was consisted of totally 121 undergraduate "Social Studies Education" department students in the last classes of Ankara and Gazi Universities (Ankara, Turkey). In the end of the study it was seen that the law related education given in the undergraduate social studies education program was partially efficient in the dimensions of "aim", "content", "method" and "evaluation", and some revisions should be done in them. The participants do not need to improve themselves about law except the courses they have taken related to law and their tendency to read written sources about this subject is also very limited. They claim that the contents of these courses should be associated with the current events and active methods should be used during the courses. Measurement instruments of the courses which relieve the process along with classic ones should be used together. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetÇalışmanın amacı, sosyal bilgiler eğitimi alanında lisans öğrenimi gören öğrencilerin, hukukla ilgili aldıkları derslerin "amaç", "içerik", "yöntem" ve "değerlendirme" boyutlarındaki etkililiğine ilişkin görüşlerini ve önerilerini ortaya koymaktır. Nitel araştırma desenindeki çalışmada verileri çözümlemek için betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Hukuk Eğitiminin Etkililiğine İlişkin Görüşme Formu” ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Ankara ve Gazi Üniversiteleri’nde (Ankara, Türkiye) "Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi" lisans programı son sınıfında öğrenim gören toplam 121 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda sosyal bilgiler eğitimi lisans programında verilen hukuk eğitiminin “amaç”, “içerik”, “yöntem” ve “değerlendirme” boyutlarında genel olarak kısman etkili olduğu; geliştirilmesi ve yeniden düzenlenmesi gereken yönlerinin bulunduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Katılımcıların hukukla ilgili dersler dışında kendilerini geliştirme ihtiyacı hissetmedikleri ve hukukla ilgili kaynak okuma eğilimlerinin oldukça sınırlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. İlgili derslerin içeriklerinin güncel olaylarla ilişkilendirilmesinin gerekliliğini vurguladıkları görülmüştür. Bu derslerin işlenişinde aktif öğrenmeyi içeren yöntemlere başvurulmasının önemini ifade etmişlerdir. Değerlendirme boyutunda ise geleneksel/klasik ölçme araçlarıyla birlikte sürece dayalı ölçme ve değerlendirme yöntemlerinin kullanılmasının öneri olarak sundukları belirlenmiştir.
Steady shear and dynamic strain thickening of halloysite nanotubes and fumed silica shear thickening composite
Authors: Passey Pavni , Singh Mansi , Verma Sanjeev K. , Bhattacharya Debarati , Mehta Rajeev 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Developing the shear thickening fluids (STF) which can be used for soft body armours requires an in depth study of various parameters related to its constituents so that a high critical viscosity along with high critical shear rate can be obtained. Shape of the constituting particles is one such important parameter. Elongated and nanosize particles provide high critical viscosity to the fluid, whereas spherical particles show high critical shear rates. STF were prepared using halloysite (Hal) nanotubes of different concentrations with fumed silica (spheres) and their rheological properties were studied. A better non-flocculated structure was obtained at 1% Hal in 20% fumed silica composition, exhibiting a critical viscosity of 25 Pas at a critical shear rate 160 s−1 as compared to that of only spherical particle STF (10 Pas and 200 s−1). The oscillatory tests revealed that this composition, with a better consistent reproducible behaviour and better stability than the STF without Hal, would be suitable as a high impact resistant material. Gel formation does not take place, rather the fluid behaves like a dispersed sol, making it a better choice for using with protective fabrics. The rheology was studied at different temperatures ranging from 0°C to 55°C.
Physiological Adaptations to High-Intensity Interval and Continuous Training in Kayak Athletes
Authors: Papandreou Apostolos , Philippou Anastassios , Zacharogiannis Elias , Maridaki Maria 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Papandreou, A, Philippou, A, Zacharogiannis, E, and Maridaki, M. Physiological adaptations to high-intensity interval and continuous training in kayak athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2258–2266, 2020—High-intensity interval training (HIIT) seems to be more effective than continuous training (CT) for the improvement of physical condition and sports performance. This study compared physiological adaptations with HIIT and CT in flat water kayak athletes. Twenty-four national-class kayakists were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 per group), 2 of which participated in an 8-week CT or HIIT program, whereas the third one served as control (C). An incremental maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max), a maximal anaerobic Wingate-type, as well as 1,000-m (T1,000 m) and 200-m (T200 m) time test were performed before and after the training period on a kayak ergometer, to determine changes in V̇o
2max, peak blood lactate ([La+2]peak), paddling speed at V̇o
2max (

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), heart rate at V̇o
2max (HRpeak), paddling economy speed (PEs; speed at 75% of V̇o
2max), paddling speed at anaerobic ventilatory threshold (PSVT2), maximal paddling speed (PSpeak), and reduction of PSpeak (PSR). V̇o
2max, [La+2]peak, HRpeak, and PSR did not change after the 8-week training compared with baseline in either training group (p > 0.05). However, significant changes were found in PSVT2 and T200 m (HIIT),

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, PEs, PSpeak, and T1,000 m (CT and HIIT) (p < 0.05–0.0001) as compared to baseline. Moreover, percent changes were different between the training groups in PEs, and between control and training groups in PSpeak and

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(p < 0.05–0.01). Both training programs improved physiological and performance variables; however, HIIT resulted in significant changes of PSVT2 and T200 m and higher improvement of PEs with 15 times less training time compared with CT. Thus, HIIT seems more time-efficient than CT for improving paddling economy of kayaking performance.
Physical and Training Characteristics of Mixed Martial Arts Athletes: Systematic Review
Authors: Andrade Alexandro , Flores Miguel A. , Andreato Leonardo V. , Coimbra Danilo R. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
MIXED MARTIAL ARTS (MMA) IS A COMBAT SPORT WITH DIFFERENT AND COMPLEX CHARACTERISTICS. THE PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW IS TO ANALYZE PHYSICAL AND TRAINING CHARACTERISTICS OF MMA ATHLETES THROUGH A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. THE SEARCH WAS PERFORMED IN ELECTRONIC DATABASES WHERE 30 ARTICLES WERE SELECTED. THE MMA ATHLETES MUST HAVE STRENGTH, POWER, FLEXIBILITY, AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONING. DIET, ABRUPT WEIGHT LOSS, INJURY, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS MERIT ADDITIONAL ATTENTION IN FUTURE STUDIES. A VIDEO ABSTRACT DESCRIBING THIS ARTICLE CAN BE FOUND IN SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1 (SEE VIDEO, HTTP://LINKS.LWW.COM/SCJ/A244).
Determination of Optimal Aggregate Blending to Prevent Alkali-Silica Reaction Using the Mixture Design Method
Authors: Adiguzel Deniz , Bascetin Atac , Baray Sukru Alp 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlkali-silica reaction (ASR) can cause serious cracking in concrete. The best method in order to avoid the occurrence of ASR is the non-use of reactive aggregate in concrete production. However, reactive aggregates in quarries must be used for the sustainable usage of resources. Therefore, a more practical approach is to identify the optimal blending of such aggregates, which can be achieved through the use of the Design of Experiment-Mixture Design Method (DOE-MD). In this study, empirical approaches that can be used for ASR estimation are suggested using DOE-MD in a quarry that produces concrete aggregate and has reactive and nonreactive aggregate resources in terms of ASR and by determining aggregate mixing ratios that do not create risk in terms of ASR. The quarry in question has three different regions, which are in terms of the type of aggregate available. As a result, the aggregate from Region 2 should be used at 19 % (Region 3: 81 %) in the mixture with aggregate from Region 3. The aggregate from Region 1 should not be mixed with the aggregate from Region 2 and should be used at most at 14 % (Region 3: 86 %) in the mixture with the aggregate from Region 3.
Prediction and Perception of Technical Difficulties in Adult Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Hegazy Yasser Y , Nassar Mohamed Samy , Hassanein Wael , Elhamami Moustafa , Ennker Juergen 
Published: June 2018

Background: Unexpected intra-operative technical difficulties are not uncommon in cardiac surgery. Our objective is to study the incidence, predictors, and consequences of unexpected difficulties in adult cardiac operations.
Methods: A total of 500 consecutive elective operations were included in the study. Before every operation, the surgeon and the assistant were asked to study the case and give a score (one to ten) for the expected technical difficulty of the operation. After every operation, the surgeon and the assistant were asked to give a score for the observed technical difficulty. The scores and perioperative data were collected and statistically analyzed.
Results: In relation to different interventions and consultant/trainee predictions, unexpected technical difficulties were encountered in 7% to 16% of cases. There was a significant difference between surgeons and trainees in the perception of level of increased difficulty, represented by the mean of differences between expected and observed score (0.084 ± 0.54 versus 0.016 ± 0.5, P = .0002). In multivariable analysis, only female gender (P < .0001) was identified as a factor associated with unexpected technical difficulties. There was no correlation between the incidence of complications and unexpected surgical difficulty. However, there was a weak positive correlation between operative times and observed difficulty score.
Conclusion: Unexpected technical difficulties are not uncommon in adult cardiac operations. Trainees tend to underestimate the difficulties perceived by the surgeon. This study can be a first step towards developing a technical difficulty score, which could be a helpful tool for medical quality management, as well as in training programs.
Insights into the Structure of the Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) Genome, as Revealed by Molecular Cytogenetic Analyses and a High-Density Linkage Map
Authors: Picq Sandrine , Lumley Lisa , Šíchová Jindra , Laroche Jérôme , Pouliot Esther , Brunet Bryan M T , Levesque Roger C , Sperling Felix A H , Marec František , Cusson Michel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Genome structure characterization can contribute to a better understanding of processes such as adaptation, speciation, and karyotype evolution, and can provide useful information for refining genome assemblies. We studied the genome of an important North American boreal forest pest, the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, through a combination of molecular cytogenetic analyses and construction of a high-density linkage map based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained through a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. Cytogenetic analyses using fluorescence in situ hybridization methods confirmed the haploid chromosome number of n = 30 in both sexes of C. fumiferana and showed, for the first time, that this species has a WZ/ZZ sex chromosome system. Synteny analysis based on a comparison of the Bombyx mori genome and the C. fumiferana linkage map revealed the presence of a neo-Z chromosome in the latter species, as previously reported for other tortricid moths. In this neo-Z chromosome, we detected an ABC transporter C2 (ABCC2) gene that has been associated with insecticide resistance. Sex-linkage of the ABCC2 gene provides a genomic context favorable to selection and rapid spread of resistance against Bacillus thuringiensis serotype kurstaki (Btk), the main insecticide used in Canada to control spruce budworm populations. Ultimately, the linkage map we developed, which comprises 3586 SNP markers distributed over 30 linkage groups for a total length of 1720.41 cM, will be a valuable tool for refining our draft assembly of the spruce budworm genome.