bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Suppression of Phonon Transport and Carrier Concentration for Efficient Rhombohedral GeTe Thermoelectric
Authors: Qi Xia , Kang Te , Yang Long , Zhang Xinyue , Luo Jun , Li Wen , Pei Yanzhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSuperior electronic performance due to the highly degenerated Σ valence band (Nv∼12) makes rhombohedral GeTe a promising low‐temperature (<600 K) thermoelectric candidate. Minimizing lattice thermal conductivity (κL) is an essential route for enhancing thermoelectric performance, but the temperature‐dependent κL, corelated to T−1, makes its reduction difficult at low temperature. In this work, a room‐temperature κL of ≈0.55 W m−1‐K−1, the lowest ever reported in GeTe‐based thermoelectric, is realized in (Ge1‐ySbyTe)1‐x(Cu8GeSe6)x, primarily due to strong phonon scattering induced by point defects and precipitates. Simultaneously, Cu8GeSe6‐alloying effectively suppresses the precipitation of Ge, enabling the optimization of carrier concentration with the additional help of aliovalent Sb doping. As a result, an extraordinary peak zT of up to 2.3 and an average zTavg. of ≈1.2 within 300–625 K are achieved, leading to a conversion efficiency of ≈9% at a temperature difference of 282 K. This work robustly demonstrates its potential as a promising component in thermoelectric generator utilizing low‐grade waste heat.
High Quality–Factor All–Dielectric Metacavity for Label–Free Biosensing
Authors: Zheng Yuqiao , Sun Jiacheng , Ma Yaqing , Zhang Hongyong , Cui Zhen , Paschos Giannis G. , Song Xixi , Tao Ying , Savvidis Pavlos , Kong Wei , Wen Liaoyong , Bian Sumin , Sawan Mohamad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh sensitivity and high quality‐factor are crucial for achieving outstanding sensing performance in photonic biosensors. However, strong optical field confinement and high light–biomolecule interactions on photonic surfaces are usually contradictory and challenging to satisfy simultaneously. Here, a distinctive configuration for addressing this issue is reported: embedding a nanophotonic metasurface inside a micro vertical cavity as a meta‐channel (metacavity) biosensor. The analyte solution serves as the cavity medium, thereby maximizing the light–analyte interaction. Simulation validation is conducted to optimize the metacavity with high structural robustness and remarkable optical and sensing properties. Large‐scale low‐cost metacavity biosensors are realized by combining anodic aluminum oxide template technique and wafer bonding. Experimentally, the metacavity biosensor demonstrates a notable quality‐factor (maximum 4140) and high bulk refractometric sensitivity (450 nm RIU−1), resulting in an unprecedented figure‐of‐merit (1670 RIU−1). Moreover, the metacavity biosensor achieves high surface sensitivity, together with a detection‐limit of 119 viral copies mL−1 for label‐free severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pseudovirus sensing, revealing remarkable performance in both bulk and surface sensing.
Spontaneous cerebrovascular reactivity at rest in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment and memory deficits
Authors: Engstrom Allison C. , Alitin John Paul M. , Kapoor Arunima , Dutt Shubir , Lohman Trevor , Sible Isabel J. , Marshall Anisa J. , Shenasa Fatemah , Gaubert Aimée , Ferrer Farrah , Nguyen Amy , Bradford David Robert , Rodgers Kathleen , Sordo Lorena , Head Elizabeth , Shao Xingfeng , Wang Danny J. J. , Nation Daniel A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONOlder adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibit deficits in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), suggesting CVR is a biomarker for vascular contributions to MCI. This study examined if spontaneous CVR is associated with MCI and memory impairment.METHODSOne hundred sixty‐one older adults free of dementia or major neurological/psychiatric disorders were recruited. Participants underwent clinical interviews, cognitive testing, venipuncture for Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Spontaneous CVR was quantified during 5 minutes of rest. Respiratory gases analyzed through nasal cannula to quantify end‐tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) levels were used to estimate CVR.RESULTSWhole brain CVR was negatively associated with age, but not MCI. Lower CVR in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) was found in participants with MCI and was linked to worse memory performance on memory tests. Results remained significant after adjusting for AD biomarkers and vascular risk factors.DISCUSSIONSpontaneous CVR deficits in the PHG are observed in older adults with MCI and memory impairment, suggesting medial temporal microvascular dysfunction is observed in cognitive decline.Highlights
Aging is associated with decline in whole brain spontaneous cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR).
Older adults with mild cognitive impairment exhibit deficits in spontaneous CVR in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG).
Memory impairment is correlated with reduced spontaneous CVR in the PHG.
Electrolyte Engineering to Construct Robust Interphase with High Ionic Conductivity for Wide Temperature Range Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Yanan , Wen Bo , Li Na , Zhao Yuanjun , Chen Yuzhi , Yin Xiangkai , Da Xinyu , Ouyang Yuxin , Li Xinyang , Kong Pengxiang , Ding Shujiang , Xi Kai , Gao Guoxin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnstable interphase formed in conventional carbonate‐based electrolytes significantly hinders the widespread application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with high‐capacity nickel‐rich layered oxides (e.g., LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, NCM811) over a wide temperature range. To balance ion transport kinetics and interfacial stability over wide temperature range, herein a bifunctional electrolyte (EAFP) tailoring the electrode/electrolyte interphase with 1,3‐propanesultone as an additive was developed. The resulting cathode‐electrolyte interphase with an inorganic inner layer and an organic outer layer possesses high mechanical stability and flexibility, alleviating stress accumulation and maintaining the structural integrity of the NCM811 cathode. Meanwhile, the inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase inhibits electrolyte side reactions and facilitates fast Li+ transport. As a result, the Li||Li cells exhibit stable performance in extensive temperatures with low overpotentials, especially achieving a long lifespan of 1000 h at 30 °C. Furthermore, the optimized EAFP is also suitable for LiFePO4 and LiCO2 cathodes (1000 cycles, retention: 67 %). The Li||NCM811 and graphite||NCM811 pouch cells with lean electrolyte (g/Ah grade) operate stably, verifying the broad electrode compatibility of EAFP. Notably, the Li||NCM811 cells can operate in wide climate range from −40 °C to 60 °C. This work establishes new guidelines for the regulation of interphase by electrolytes in all‐weather LMBs.
Non‐selective Defect Minimization towards Highly Efficient Metal‐Organic Framework Membranes for Gas Separation
Authors: Dorosti Fatereh , Ge Lei , Wang Hao , Bell John , Lin Rijia , Hou Jingwei , Zhu Zhonghua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe persistence of defects in polycrystalline membranes poses a substantial obstacle to reaching the theoretical molecular sieving separation and scaling up production. The low membrane selectivity in most reported literature is largely due to the unavoidable non‐selective defects during synthesis, leading to a mismatch between the well‐defined pore structure of polycrystalline molecular sieve materials. This paper presents a novel approach for minimizing non‐selective defects in metal–organic framework (MOF) membranes by a constricted crystal growth strategy in a confined environment. The in situ ZIF formation using the densely packed seeding array between the substrate and the pre‐grown top ZIF layer yields a confined membrane interlayer, which is highly uniform with a tightly packed crystalline structure. Unlike uncontrolled crystal growth, we purposely regulate the interlayer membrane growth in the direction parallel to the substrate. A notable 99 % decrease in defects in the confined interlayer was achieved compared to the random‐grown top layer, leading to a ~353 % increment in H2/N2 selectivity over the non‐confined reference MOF membrane. The performance of this new membrane sits in the optimal range above the Robeson upper bound. The membrane boasts a balanced high H2 permeability (>5000 Barrer) and selectivity (>50), significantly surpassing peer ZIF membranes.
Arylhydrazone‐Thioeter Palladium Pincer Complexes Catalyzed Carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Using Fe(CO)5 as CO Surrogate
Authors: Reyes‐Deloso Alberto , Penieres‐Carrillo José Guillermo , Toscano Alfredo , López‐Cortés José Guadalupe , Castillo‐Baltazar Alejandro , Ponce‐Pérez Leon D. , Ortega‐Jiménez Fernando 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA series of Pd(II)‐pincer complexes 3a–d have been synthesized and characterized in good yields, via C–H bond activation on arylhydrazone‐thioether ligands. The investigation of these new Pd(II)‐pincer complexes has proved that the possesses excellent catalytic activity for carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of aryl iodides with arylboronic acids using Fe(CO)5 as carbonyl source. Notably, this strategy offers several advantages such as shorter reaction time, nonrequirement of toxic CO gas, and good to excellent yield of the desired products for wide range of applicable substrate; mainly, carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura coupling just requires only 0.5 mol% of Pd(II)‐pincer complexes. We have also demonstrated a new efficient route for the synthesis of an antineoplastic agent 4‐(methoxyphenyl)‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)methanone. Additionally, the possible mechanism of this Pd(II)‐pincer complexes process is further supported by the density functional theory (DFT) study.
Is (Independent) Subordination Relevant in Equity Derivatives?
Authors: Azzone Michele , Baviera Roberto 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMonroe (1978) demonstrates that any local semimartingale can be represented as a time‐changed Brownian Motion (BM). A natural question arises: does this representation theorem hold when the BM and the time‐change are independent? We prove that a local semimartingale is not equivalent to a BM with a time‐change that is independent from the BM. Our result is obtained utilizing a class of additive processes: the additive normal tempered stable (ATS). This class of processes exhibits an exceptional ability to calibrate the equity volatility surface accurately. We notice that the sub‐class of additive processes that can be obtained with an independent additive subordination is incompatible with market data and shows significantly worse calibration performances than the ATS, especially on short time maturities. These results have been observed every business day in a semester on a dataset of S&P 500 and EURO STOXX 50 options.
Pulsed and Polarized X‐Ray Emission From Neutron Star Surfaces
Authors: Baring Matthew G. , Thi Hoa Dinh , Younes George A. , Hu Kun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe intense magnetic fields of neutron stars naturally lead to strong anisotropy and polarization of radiation emanating from their surfaces, both being sensitive to the hot spot position on the surface. Accordingly, pulse phase‐resolved intensities and polarizations depend on the angle between the magnetic and spin axes and the observer's viewing direction. In this paper, results are presented from a Monte Carlo simulation of neutron star atmospheres that uses a complex electric field vector formalism to treat polarized radiative transfer due to magnetic Thomson scattering. General relativistic influences on the propagation of light from the stellar surface to a distant observer are taken into account. The paper outlines a range of theoretical predictions for pulse profiles at different X‐ray energies, focusing on magnetars and also neutron stars of lower magnetization. By comparing these models with observed intensity and polarization pulse profiles for the magnetar 1RXS J1708‐40, and the light curve for the pulsar PSR J0821‐4300, constraints on the stellar geometry angles and the size of putative polar cap hot spots are obtained.
Using Augmented Reality to Strengthen Consumer/Brand Relationships: The Case of Luxury Brands
Authors: Arya Vikas , Sethi Deepa , Hollebeek Linda D. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThough augmented reality (AR) is increasingly adopted in marketing, its capacity to foster consumers' engagement and attachment remain tenuous, exposing an important literature‐based gap. Addressing this gap, we deploy social presence theory and luxury consumption theory to develop and test a model that proposes that consumers' engagement with AR‐deploying luxury brands drives the development of their perceived brand warmth, social value, and brand competence, in turn impacting their brand attachment. To explore these issues, we draw on survey data from a sample of 537 luxury apparel and automotive consumers. The results using structural equation modelling (SEM) show that first, luxury consumers who exhibit high engagement with the AR‐deploying brand perceive higher levels of brand warmth, ‐competence, and social value, in turn raising their attachment to the AR‐deploying luxury brand. Overall, the findings highlight AR's strategic capacity to engage consumers and raise the brand's perceived brand warmth, competence, and social value, in turn boosting individuals' attachment to the AR‐deploying brand.
Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation With Self‐Expanding Valves for Carcinoid Heart Diseases
Authors: Un Ka‐Chun , Wong Chun‐Ka , Yong San‐Fui Sophia , Winter Robbert de , Straver Bart , Chamuleau Steven , Rosenthal Eric , Qureshi Shakeel A. , Beijk Marcel , Jones Matthew I. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCarcinoid heart disease is an important complication of neuroendocrine tumors that may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Right‐sided heart valve involvement with consequent valve dysfunction is one of the common manifestations. Patients often have multiple, significant comorbidities with advanced metastatic disease and, as such, may not be suitable for surgical valve replacement due to excessive risk. Transcatheter valve replacement using balloon‐expandable valves has been the mainstay of management for these patients, particularly with stenotic lesions but there is limited experience in patients with pulmonary regurgitation and dilated pulmonary arteries outside the dimensions that would be suitable for these valves. We report three successful cases of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation with the VenusP‐valve, a large self‐expanding valve platform, and highlight the technical aspects and challenges specific to treatment of pulmonary regurgitation in patients with carcinoid heart disease. Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation, using the VenusP‐valve, may be considered an effective treatment in this patient group.
Global disparities in cancer care: Bridging the gap in affordability and access to medications between high and low‐income countries
Authors: Tfayli Arafat H. , El‐Halabi Laura N. , Khuri Fadlo R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer remains a significant challenge for health care systems, despite notable progress in the field. These advancements have significant financial implications that disproportionately affect low‐income countries. This review article aims to explore the present state of drug development, assessing the availability of drugs in different income countries, and proposing potential solutions to address the inequality in access to new cancer treatments.MethodsA search was conducted on MEDLINE and PubMed on October 2, 2023 and updated on December 14, 2023, limited to English language articles.ResultsThere is a projected rise in cancer cases worldwide, particularly in low‐income countries where most cancer‐related deaths are expected. Although the approval rate of cancer treatments has risen, their excessive cost and lack of affordability pose significant barriers to widespread access. Disparities in the costs of crucial cancer medications are influenced by geographic location and procurement connections. Potential solutions to address the inequity in drug distribution include sharing production secrets, implementing price discrimination, international funding, improved primary health care measures, and the implementation of cost‐effective screening methods.ConclusionPreventing, screening for, and treating cancer should be a global priority with minimal differences in access to therapy among various countries.
Thermoresponsive Polymers as Viscosity Modifiers: Innovative Nanoarchitectures as Lubricant Additives
Authors: Carfora Raffaele , Notari Marcello , Assanelli Giulio , Caramia Sara , Nitti Andrea , Pasini Dario 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe world of lubricants is driven by the constant pursuit of improved performance in response of the requests of new engine generations. Engine oils play a critical role as lubricants in mitigating wear, reducing friction and ensuring optimal engine operation under diverse conditions. Modern commercial engine oils are complex formulations, comprising of a base oil, generally coming from petroleum sources, formulated with specific, important additives able to optimize the viscosity, thickening and shear stress in the operating temperature range. Such additives are produced in the thousand tons per year scale range. The most important class of additives for modern lubrication is made of organic polymers with variable architectures and topologies, generally referred as “viscosity modifiers” (VMs): they act as “moderators” of viscosity at different working temperatures. The tremendous advances in polymer science have been reflected in the realm of VMs, allowing the commercialization of products obtained by controlled polymerization techniques, and the experimentation of a broad variety of different macromolecular architectures and topologies as VMs. In this review we introduce the reader, together with the basic principles of viscosity modification and thermal‐dependent rheological response, to the fascinating chemistry towards the improvement of VMs, through optimization of macromolecular design and architecture.
Investigation Into the Equine Metabolism of Phosphodiesterase‐4 Inhibitor Roflumilast for Potential Doping Control
Authors: Philip Moses , Karakka Kal Abdul Khader , Subhahar Michael Benedict , Karatt Tajudheen K. , Graiban Fatma Mohammed , Ajeebsanu Meleparappil Muhammed , Joseph Marina , Jose Shantymol V. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors constitute a relatively modern class of medications that are known for inducing bronchodilation and exhibiting anti‐inflammatory properties within the body. Due to these properties, there is concern regarding their potential misuse as performance‐enhancing substances in competitive sports. This study delves into the metabolic conversion of roflumilast in thoroughbred horses following oral administration and in vitro experimentation using equine liver microsomes and Cunninghamella elegans. High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer (HPLC‐HRMS) was employed for analysis. The investigation identified 10 metabolites of roflumilast, including six phase I and four phase II metabolites from in vivo studies, and 11 metabolites from in vitro studies, consisting of eight phase I and three phase II metabolites. The identified biotransformation products encompassed processes such as hydroxylation, chlorine substitution, methylation, N‐oxide formation, and even the dissociation of methylenecyclopropane and difluoromethane. Furthermore, the study identified three glucuronic acid and one sulfonic acid conjugated phase II metabolites of the investigated drug candidate. The aforementioned findings contribute to the detection and comprehension of the unauthorized utilization of roflumilast in equestrian sports.
Cilostazol in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction—The CLIP‐HFpEF trial
Authors: Aiad Norman , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Zhang Michael J. , Chaikijurajai Thanat , Ye Bo , Nijjar Prabhjot S. , Lahiri Julie A. , Martin Cindy M. , Alexy Tamas , Meyer Markus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPatients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) tend to have low resting and exercise heart rates. Phosphodiesterase‐3 (PDE‐3) inhibitors improve heart rates, haemodynamics and symptoms in patients with HFpEF. Cilostazol is an oral PDE‐3 inhibitor used in peripheral artery disease. This study thought to evaluate the short‐term effects of cilostazol on health status, N‐terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels and mechanisms of action.MethodsThe effect of cilostazol was evaluated in 23 patients with HFpEF in a randomized placebo controlled multiple crossover trial (CLIP‐HFpEF). Participants received placebo or cilostazol for 1 week followed by three crossovers to the alternate assignment at weeks 2, 3 and 4. The primary endpoint was the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ‐12) overall summary score obtained at the end of each treatment period. NT‐proBNP was the secondary endpoint. In an exploratory mechanistic analysis, pulmonary artery (PA) pressures and heart rates were followed amongst the five participants with implanted pressure monitors.ResultsCilostazol improved the KCCQ score by 4.8 points (95% confidence interval, 2.0–7.7, P = 0.003). NT‐proBNP levels were 448 (154–1056) pg/mL on placebo and 375 (68–974) pg/mL on cilostazol (P = 0.006). In patients with PA pressure monitors, diastolic pressure was 20.5 (18.7–23.0) mmHg on placebo and 18.0 (17.0–20.0) mmHg on cilostazol, an effect linked to higher heart rates (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAmongst patients with HFpEF, short‐term treatment with cilostazol leads to improvements in health status and NT‐proBNP when compared with placebo. These effects are likely conveyed by a heart rate‐dependent reduction in cardiac filling pressures.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05126836.
Outcome Analysis of Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma in the Head and Neck: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Chuang Po‐Wen , Chuang Wen‐Yu , Lee Ta‐Jen , Chang Po‐Hung , Chen Yi‐Wei , Fu Chia‐Hsiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionSolitary extramedullary plasmacytomas (SEP) of the head and neck are rare and pose unique challenges. This study aimed to explore the clinical spectrum and treatment outcomes of these neoplasms using multimodal management.MethodsA retrospective review of 13 patients with SEP of the head and neck. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment, and survival outcomes were analyzed.ResultsOne patient refused the treatment and was lost to follow‐up. Another one received operation alone. The other 11 patients underwent surgical resection when feasible and showed favorable responses to radiation. Two of them (16.7%) experienced local recurrence, and another two patients (16.7%) progressed to multiple myeloma (MM) within the first 2 years following the initial treatment. Tumor > 2.6 cm significantly affected the post‐radiation prognosis.ConclusionAlthough radiotherapy yields favorable immediate outcomes in our limited case series, a subset of cases progresses to MM within the initial 2 years. Despite all tumors being categorized as Stage I, tumor size may still influence prognosis.