bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced ceramide generation and induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells exposed to DT388–granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a truncated diphtheria toxin fused to human GM-CSF
Authors: Senchenkov Alex , Han Tie-Yan , Wang Hongtao , Frankel Arthur E. , Kottke Timothy J. , Kaufmann Scott H. , Cabot Myles C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDT388–GM-CSF, a targeted fusion toxin constructed by conjugation of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin, is presently in phase I trials for patients with resistant acute myeloid leukemia. HL-60/VCR, a multidrug-resistant human myeloid leukemia cell line, and wild-type HL-60 cells were used to study the impact of DT388–GM-CSF on metabolism of ceramide, a modulator of apoptosis. After 48 hours with DT388–GM-CSF (10 nM), ceramide levels in HL-60/VCR cells rose 6-fold and viability fell to 10%, whereas GM-CSF alone was without influence. Similar results were obtained in HL-60 cells. Examination of the time course revealed that protein synthesis decreased by about 50% and cellular ceramide levels increased by about 80% between 4 and 6 hours after addition of DT388–GM-CSF. By 6 hours this was accompanied by activation of caspase-9, followed by activation of caspase-3, cleavage of caspase substrates, and chromatin fragmentation. Hygromycin B and emetine failed to elevate ceramide levels or induce apoptosis at concentrations that inhibited protein synthesis by 50%. Exposure to C6-ceramide inhibited protein synthesis (EC50∼5 μM) and decreased viability (EC50 ∼6 μM). Sphingomyelinase treatment depleted sphingomyelin by about 10%, while increasing ceramide levels and inhibiting protein synthesis. Diphtheria toxin increased ceramide and decreased sphingomyelin in U-937 cells, a cell line extremely sensitive to diphtheria toxin; exposure to DT388–GM-CSF showed sensitivity at less than 1.0 pM. Diphtheria toxin and conjugate trigger ceramide formation that contributes to apoptosis in human leukemia cells through caspase activation and inhibition of protein synthesis.
HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and TAP genes in familial Hodgkin disease
Authors: Harty Lea C. , Lin Albert Y. , Goldstein Alisa M. , Jaffe Elaine S. , Carrington Mary , Tucker Margaret A. , Modi William S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe HLA region has long been implicated in sporadic and familial Hodgkin disease (HD), with recent case-control studies suggesting that HLA class II loci predispose to sporadic nodular sclerosis HD (NSHD). To determine whether this predisposition extends to familial HD, HLA class II loci (DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5) and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) loci (TAP1, TAP2) were investigated in 100 members of 16 families with at least 2 confirmed cases of HD. With the use of the transmission disequilibrium test, evidence for linkage disequilibrium with familial HD and, in particular, familial NSHD was obtained for the DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype, the TAP1 allele encoding Ile at residue 333, and the DRB5-0101 allele. These 3 markers were in linkage disequilibrium and may not represent independent susceptibility regions. Use of a family-based approach excludes population stratification as an explanation for these findings.
Differences in Drug Shortages in the US and Canada
Authors: Tadrous Mina , Callaway Kim Katherine , Hernandez Inmaculada , Rothenberger Scott D. , Devine Joshua W. , Hershey Tina B. , Maillart Lisa M. , Gellad Walid F. , Suda Katie J. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceDrug shortages are a persistent public health issue that increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both the US and Canada follow similar regulatory standards and require reporting of drug-related supply chain issues that may result in shortages. However, it is unknown what proportion are associated with meaningful shortages (defined by a significant decrease in drug supply) and whether differences exist between Canada and the US.ObjectiveTo compare how frequently reports of drug-related supply chain issues in the US vs Canada were associated with drug shortages.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsLongitudinal cross-sectional study conducted from January 2023 to March 2024 using drug-related reports of supply chain issues from 2017 to 2021 that were less than 180 days apart in Canada and the US. Shortages were assessed using data from the IQVIA Multinational Integrated Data Analysis database, comprising 89% of US and 100% of Canadian drug purchases.ExposureCountry (Canada vs US), timing of report issuance (before vs after the COVID-19 pandemic), and characteristics of the supply chain prior to the reports of drug-related supply chain issues (including World Health Organization essential medicine status, Health Canada tier 3 medicine [moderate risk classification], whether there was sole-source manufacturing of the drug, the formulation, the price per unit, ≥20 years since drug approval, and the number of therapeutic alternatives).Main Outcomes and MeasuresA drug shortage (a decrease of ≥33% in monthly purchased standardized drug units) within 12 months, relative to the average units purchased during the 6 months prior to the report of supply chain issues to a US or Canadian reporting system.ResultsAmong the 104 drug-related reports of supply chain issues in both countries, 49.0% (95% CI, 39.3%-59.7%) were associated with drug shortages in the US vs 34.0% (95% CI, 25.0%-45.0%) in Canada (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.53 [95% CI, 0.36-0.79]). The lower risk of drug shortages in Canada vs the US was consistent before the COVID-19 pandemic (adjusted HR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.30-0.75]) and after the pandemic (adjusted HR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.15-0.66]). After combining reports of supply chain issues in both countries, the shortage risk was double for sole-sourced drugs (adjusted HR, 2.58 [95% CI, 1.57-4.24]) and nearly half for Canadian tier 3 medicines (moderate risk) (adjusted HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.32-0.98]).Conclusions and RelevanceDrug-related reports of supply chain issues were 40% less likely to result in meaningful drug shortages in Canada compared with the US. These findings highlight the need for international cooperation between countries to curb the effects of drug shortages and improve resiliency of the supply chain for drugs.
Modeling the Population Equity of Alzheimer Disease Treatments in the US
Authors: Synnott Patricia G. , Majda Thomas , Lin Pei-Jung , Ollendorf Daniel A. , Zhu Yingying , Kowal Stacey 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceThe arrival of new medications for Alzheimer disease (AD) has prompted efforts to measure their value using conventional cost-effectiveness analyses; however, these analyses focus on how much health improvement new medications generate per dollar spent. As AD disproportionately affects older adults, women, racial and ethnic minority individuals, and individuals with lower socioeconomic and educational levels, it is critical to also examine the health equity outcomes of treatment.ObjectiveTo estimate the health equity impact of a hypothetical disease-modifying treatment for early AD in the US and to examine targeted policies to mitigate health care disparities.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis economic evaluation, which used a distributional cost-effectiveness analysis, was conducted from June 16, 2022, to January 11, 2024. The study included subgroups defined by race and ethnicity and by social vulnerability quintiles in the US.ExposuresA hypothetical disease-modifying treatment compared with best supportive care.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were population-level quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and net health benefits. The social welfare impact and change in health inequality were estimated using the Atkinson index.ResultsThe distributional cost-effectiveness analysis simulated 316 037 100 individuals from the US population, including 25 subgroups defined by 5 categories of race and ethnicity and population quintiles of social vulnerability, with the fifth quintile representing the most socially vulnerable group. At an opportunity cost benchmark of $150 000 per QALY, treatment was associated with improved population health, adding 28 197 QALYs per year to the US population. Accounting for health inequality preferences (using an aversion level of 11, based on an Atkinson inequality aversion parameter that can range from 0 to infinity, with higher values assigning greater weight to health gains that accrue to the population with the lowest lifetime quality-adjusted life expectancy), treatment was associated with a 0.009% reduction in existing population health inequalities annually. Scenario analyses examining earlier and expanded treatment access suggested a population health improvement of up to 221 358 QALYs.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this economic evaluation suggest that treatment for AD could improve population health and health equity. Policies to enable earlier diagnosis and treatment initiation, as well as expanded access to treatment, may further improve treatment and health equity impacts.
Tailorable Fluorescent Perovskite Quantum Dots for Multiform Manufacturing via Two‐Step Thiol‐Ene Click Chemistry
Authors: Huang Guangguang , Zhang Fengyi , Xiong Xinyang , Sun Kaiwei , Ruan Haoran , Wang Chunyang , Li Chenguang , Zhao Yaolong , Li Meng , Cheng Gang , Du Zuliang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn practical applications, fluorescent perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) must exhibit high efficiency, stability, and processibility. So far, it remains a challenge to synthesize PQDs with stable dispersibility in tailorable monomers both before and after photocuring. In this work, a novel strategy of UV‐induced two‐step thiol‐ene “click chemistry” is proposed to prepare PQDs with these attributes. The first step aims to epitaxially grow a shell around the PQD core to ensure stable dispersibility in a thiol‐ene monomer solution. The second step is to achieve stable dispersibility in the photocured thiol‐ene matrixes for multiform manufacturing processes. The tailorable PQDs (T‐PQDs) not only have the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) to ≈100% for green emission and over 96% for red emission, but also exhibit remarkable stability under severe conditions, including “double 85” aging, water exposure, and mechanical stress. Moreover, their exceptional processability allows for various processing techniques, including slot‐die coating, inkjet printing, direct‐laser writing, UV‐light 3D printing, nanoimprinting, and spin coating. The high efficiency and stability of T‐PQDs facilitate their multiform manufacturing for a wide range of applications.
Chiral Nematic Graphene Films with a mesoporous Structure
Authors: Huang Haibo , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Li Yixing , Zhang Xuefeng , Das Pratteek , Liu Shouxin , Li Yudong , Wang Shaogang , Bao Xinhe , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrdering a crucial material like pure‐graphene into the chiral nematic structure can potentially revolutionize the fields of photonics, chiral separation, and energy storage. However, the controlled fabrication of highly ordered graphene films with a long‐range chiral nematic mesoporous structure is very challenging and as such, has not been achieved. Here, a chiral‐template‐directed chemical vapor deposition growth strategy is presented for the precise fabrication of mesoporous chiral nematic graphene films by using nanocrystalline cellulose as templates. It is evidenced that such graphene films possess the left‐hand helical ordering, chiral nematic mesoporous structure with adjustable pore sizes (6.4–13.1 nm), tailored pitch, excellent electrical conductivity (556 S cm−1), high specific surface area (1508 m2 g−1) and mechanical flexibility. By coating Na anode with this film, uniform Na plating is achieved with no dendrite formation, resulting from its unique chiral nematic structure and tunable physicochemical properties. The films also achieved impressive thickness‐dependent electromagnetic shielding, i.e., 35–63 dB, demonstrating their potentially multi‐disciplinary applications.
Unlocking Electrostrain in Plastically Deformed Barium Titanate
Authors: Zhuo Fangping , Wang Bo , Cheng Long , Zatterin Edoardo , Jiang Tianshu , Ni Fan , Breckner Patrick , Li Yan , Guiblin Nicolas , Isaia Daniel , Luo Nengneng , Fulanovic Lovro , Molina‐Luna Leopoldo , Dkhil Brahim , Chen Long‐Qing , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAchieving substantial electrostrain alongside a large effective piezoelectric strain coefficient (d33*) in piezoelectric materials remains a formidable challenge for advanced actuator applications. Here, a straightforward approach to enhance these properties by strategically designing the domain structure and controlling the domain switching through the introduction of arrays of ordered {100}<100> dislocations is proposed. This dislocation engineering yields an intrinsic lock‐in steady–state electrostrain of 0.69% at a low field of 10 kV cm−1 without external stress and an output strain energy density of 5.24 J cm−3 in single‐crystal BaTiO3, outperforming the benchmark piezoceramics and relaxor ferroelectric single‐crystals. Additionally, applying a compression stress of 6 MPa fully unlocks electrostrains exceeding 1%, yielding a remarkable d33* value over 10 000 pm V−1 and achieving a record‐high strain energy density of 11.67 J cm−3. Optical and transmission electron microscopy, paired with laboratory and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, is employed to rationalize the observed electrostrain. Phase‐field simulations further elucidate the impact of charged dislocations on domain nucleation and domain switching. These findings present an effective and sustainable strategy for developing high‐performance, lead‐free piezoelectric materials without the need for additional chemical elements, offering immense potential for actuator technologies.
Advances in Miniaturized Computational Spectrometers
Authors: Xue Qian , Yang Yang , Ma Wenkai , Zhang Hanqiu , Zhang Daoli , Lan Xinzheng , Gao Liang , Zhang Jianbing , Tang Jiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMiniaturized computational spectrometers have emerged as a promising strategy for miniaturized spectrometers, which breaks the compromise between footprint and performance in traditional miniaturized spectrometers by introducing computational resources. They have attracted widespread attention and a variety of materials, optical structures, and photodetectors are adopted to fabricate computational spectrometers with the cooperation of reconstruction algorithms. Here, a comprehensive review of miniaturized computational spectrometers, focusing on two crucial components: spectral encoding and reconstruction algorithms are provided. Principles, features, and recent progress of spectral encoding strategies are summarized in detail, including space‐modulated, time‐modulated, and light‐source spectral encoding. The reconstruction algorithms are classified into traditional and deep learning algorithms, and they are carefully analyzed based on the mathematical models required for spectral reconstruction. Drawing from the analysis of the two components, cooperations between them are considered, figures of merits for miniaturized computational spectrometers are highlighted, optimization strategies for improving their performance are outlined, and considerations in operating these systems are provided. The application of miniaturized computational spectrometers to achieve hyperspectral imaging is also discussed. Finally, the insights into the potential future applications and developments of computational spectrometers are provided.
First Total Synthesis of Inaoside A
Authors: Takao Tomoya , Kawamura Atsushi , Makabe Hidefumi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe first total synthesis of inaoside A, an α‐d‐ribofuranoside isolated by our group from the edible mushroom Laetiporus cremeiporus, is described. The key reaction was an α‐selective Schmidt glycosylation. Most reported syntheses of ribofuranosides following the general Schmidt glycosylation procedure preferentially give β‐ribofuranosides. In contrast, using a 2,3,5‐tri‐O‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl)‐protected ribofuranoside substrate, which is easy to prepare and can be deprotected after glycosylation, revealed that the α‐ribofuranoside was preferentially obtained.
Subcellular Compartment‐Specific Amplified Imaging of Metal Ions via Ribosomal RNA‐Regulated DNAzyme Sensors
Authors: Yi Deyu , Li Lele , Li Mengyuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough DNAzyme sensors have been widely developed for imaging metal ions, their application in specific subcellular compartments remains challenging due to low spatial controllability. Here we present a locally activatable, DNAzyme‐based sensing technology that enables subcellular compartment‐specific imaging of metal ions through ribosomal RNA (rRNA) regulated signal amplification. The system leverages a subcellularly encoded rRNA to locally activate DNAzyme‐based sensors, and further drives signal amplification via multiple turnover cleavage of molecular beacons, to significantly enhance sensitivity and spatial precision for metal‐ion imaging in specific organelles (e.g. mitochondria) or membraneless compartments (e.g. cytosol). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the system allows in situ monitoring of subcellular dynamics of mitochondrial Zn2+ during ischemia and the drug intervention. This study expands the DNAzyme toolbox for investigating the role of subcellular metal‐ion dynamics in disease processes.
The Hidden Mechanism: Excited‐State Proton‐Electron Pair Transfer in Metal Nanocluster Emission
Authors: Huang Kai‐Yuan , Chen Yan‐Yan , Wang Wen‐Lu , Sun Wei‐Ming , Lin Zhen , Yao Qiaofeng , Chen Wei , Xie Jianping , Deng Hao‐Hua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractComprehending the underlying factors that govern photoluminescence (PL) in metal nanoclusters (NCs) under physiological conditions remains a highly intriguing and unresolved challenge, particularly for their biomedical applications. In this study, we evaluate the critical role of excited‐state proton‐coupled electron transfer in the emission of metal NCs. Our findings demonstrate that hydronium ion (H3O+) binding can trigger a nonlinear, pH‐dependent excited‐state concerted electron proton transfer (CEPT) reaction. This involves simultaneous electron transfer from the Au(0) core to the Au(I)−ATT (ATT denotes 6‐aza‐2‐thiothymidine) surface and proton transfer from H3O+ to the ATT ligand in a single step, greatly promoting vibrations and rotations of the Au(I)−ATT surface, resulting in substantial PL quenching of Au10(ATT)6 NCs. Further analyses show that the unique CEPT dynamics are strongly influenced by the opposing effects of increased reorganization energy and a larger pre‐exponential factor on the electron transfer rate. Moreover, the proposed excited‐state CEPT process is found to be prevalent in core–shell relaxation metal NCs, such as Au25(SR)18 (SR denotes thiolate) NCs, and serves as an important factor in limiting their PL emission. By simply controlling the pKa of the ligands, the emission performance of Au25(SR)18 can be easily regulated in physiological environments.
Effect of high quality hybrid coatings and coating condition on the properties of continuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene prepreg composites
Authors: Luo Luo , Wang Yi , Lv Tianxiang , Ying Shuni , Zhou Chunhua , Zhou Xiaodong , Ma Huihuang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to the difficulty in infusing resin into interiors of fiber bundles by prevalent pre‐impregnation methods like melt impregnation and the substantial polarity difference between glass fibers (GF) and polypropylene (PP), the application of continuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (CGF/PP) composites has been restricted. In this study, a hybrid emulsion is prepared to address the polarity difference through coating process. And further by optimizing coating process parameters, composites glass fibers with excellent performance can be obtained. The study demonstrates that the composite glass fiber with coating amount of 15.34% exhibits good bunching and flexibility. The monofilament tensile strength and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) are increased by 2.53% and 109.74%, respectively compared to the desized glass fiber (GF0). Furthermore, after the hot‐pressing process, the composites glass fiber bundles show fully filled gaps and a completely wrapped surface. This study lays the foundation for producing CGF/PP prepreg composites conveniently, efficiently, and commercially.
Vollständige Digitalisierung der Bauwerksprüfung
Authors: Jacob Karsten , Krämer Kai , Werz Simon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDie Digitalisierung hat alle Bereiche unserer lebenden Umwelt erreicht. Sie bestimmt und verändert unsere gewohnten Lebensweisen rasant. Im Bauwesen hält die Digitalisierung langsamer als in anderen Branchen Einzug, verändert aber zunehmend die Arbeitsprozesse der Planung, Ausführung und Verwaltung von Baumaßnahmen. Vor allem im Erhaltungsmanagement von baulichen Anlagen liegt das Bestreben nach digitalen Vereinfachungen und einer papierlosen Dokumentation des Bauwerksbestands. Die Berliner Wasserbetriebe betreiben und unterhalten als Unternehmen des Landes Berlin heute insgesamt neun Wasserwerke, sechs Großklärwerke, 166 Abwasserpumpwerke sowie ca. 8000 km Trinkwasser‐ und ca. 11.000 km Abwassernetz, die in verschiedenen Epochen errichtet und entsprechend den geltenden Anforderungen stetig ausgebaut werden. Der Bauwerksbestand ist komplex und erfordert eine systematische Bauwerksunterhaltung im laufenden Betrieb. Das Unternehmen hat die notwendigen Prozesse schrittweise digitalisiert. Seit 2019 kommt für die Zustandsüberprüfung seiner baulichen Anlagen das Programmsystem ZIS Ing‐Bau zum Einsatz, welches durch seine Datenerfassungsstruktur die komplexen Anforderungen an die betriebliche Dokumentation erfüllt. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll anhand eines konkreten Objekts des Bauwerksbestands der Berliner Wasserbetriebe die Entwicklungen zur Digitalisierung in der Bauwerksprüfung aus der Perspektive des Betreibers, des Anwenders und des Entwicklers vorstellen.
Enhancing child protection responses in oral health practice: A scoping review of evidence‐based approaches
Authors: Han Heuiwon , Koziol‐McLain Jane , Morse Zac , Lees Amanda B. , Carrington Samuel D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChild abuse and neglect represent significant global health challenges with long‐lasting adverse impacts. Oral health practitioners, who often interact with children, play a key role in detecting and responding to suspected cases. Despite this, there is a notable gap in the systematic child protection measures in dental practices globally. This scoping review, utilising the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, aims to outline current approaches for oral health practitioners and identify gaps in the approaches designed to enhance their responsiveness. Covering studies from January 2000 to May 2023, the review explored educational programmes, guidelines and interdisciplinary training modules. A comprehensive search across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus, along with grey literature sources, identified 1230 sources, resulting in the inclusion of 20 relevant sources. Findings highlight three main approaches: dental‐specific education programmes, practical guidelines for child protection responses and analysis of legal and professional obligations. These approaches demonstrate a mix of direct educational interventions and policy‐driven strategies aimed at enhancing oral health practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and practices towards child abuse and neglect. Given the identified variability and gaps in training and resources, future research should assess the effectiveness of these approaches and develop comprehensive, culturally safe training for oral health practitioners globally.