bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytologic Studies of Tumors. L. Clonal Proliferation of Four Stemlines in Three Hematopoietic Tissues of a Patient With Reticulosarcoma
Authors: OBARA YOSHITAKA , SASAKI MOTOMICHI , MAKINO SAJIRO , MIKUNI CHIKARA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of reticulosarcoma was found to have four chromosomally different stem-lines in peripheral blood, lymph node and bone marrow. The four lines are recognized to be of monoclonal origin on the basis of the closely allied karyotypes characterized by trisomy for E16, E17 and E15, the loss of one A1, two F and two to four C elements in addition to M and R markers. The markers characterize three kinds of hematopoietic tissues: an M1, R1, R2 line occurs in lymph node, and an M1, M2, M3, R1 line in peripheral blood and M1, M4 and M1, M2, M3 lines in bone marrow. Cytogenetic variability of malignant cells was highest in peripheralblood. Information was provided to suggest that of the four stemlines, the lymph node line may be original, the peripheral blood line may be a derivative of the lymph node line and, finally, two marrow lines may have originated from the blood line or from one of the mutated cells slightly different from the marrow lines. The M markers were discussed in relation to malignant evolution of hematopoietic cells of this patient. The suggestion was made that the chromosomes of the patients with malignant hematopoietic disorders should be examined in different tissues.
Correlation Between Various Blood White Cell Pools and the Serum B12-binding Capacities
Authors: CHIKKAPPA G. , CORCINO J. , GREENBERG M. L. , HERBERT V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Twenty-four patients with various hematologic and nonhematologic diseases were studied to correlate the various fractions of the serum B12-binding capacity with the blood granulocyte and leukocyte pools and granulocyte turnover rates. The total blood granulocyte pools correlated well with the serum unsaturated B12-binding capacity, especially with the alpha fraction. At least part of the serum B12-binding protein appears to be derived from the neutrophil and from the eosinophil but little or none from the myeloblast. The serum unsaturated B12-binding capacity appears to be a simple index of the total blood granulocyte pool.
Double Heterozygosity for Hemoglobin G (α68Lys2βA2) and Hemoglobin D (αA2β121Gln2)
Authors: ROTHMAN MELVIN C. , RANNEY HELEN M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An electrophoretic pattern which revealed three major hemoglobin components was found in five members of an Afro-American family. The composition of the hemoglobin resulted from heterozygosity both at the α locus for hemoglobin GPhiladelphia, in which lysine replaces the normal asparagine at the 68th residue and at the β locus for hemoglobin DPunjab in which glutamine replaces normal glutamic acid at residue 121. The simultaneous presence of these α and β chain variants did not lead to any well defined clinical abnormalities. The pattern of inheritance of hemoglobin variants in this family provided further evidence for independent segregation of the loci responsible for α and β chain synthesis.
Central Nervous System Therapy and Combination Chemotherapy of Childhood Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: AUR RHOMES J. A. , SIMONE JOSEPH , HUSTU H. OMAR , WALTERS THOMAS , BORELLA LUIS , PRATT CHARLES , PINKEL DONALD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In earlier combination chemotherapy regimens for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia, nervous system leukemia terminated complete remission in over half the patients in a median time of 11 months. In the present study, cranial radiation (2400 R, 60Co) and intrathecal methotrexate given early in remission were added to combination chemotherapy in an attempt to prevent or delay central nervous system relapse and termination of complete remission. Of 35 consecutive children with previously untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia, 20 of 30 who attained remission and received all initial phases of therapy have been in continuous complete remission for 23 to 30 months. Complete remission was terminated by nervous system relapse in three patients and by hematological relapse in five. Two patients died in complete remission of viral infections and others experienced reversible drug toxicity. We conclude that this combined therapy reduces the incidence of nervous system relapse in the first 2 years and prolongs complete remission.
The Transfer RNA Methylases of Human Lymphocytes. I. Induction by PHA in Normal Lymphocytes
Authors: RIDDICK DAVID H. , GALLO ROBERT C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Assays were performed that measured both the rate and extent (or total capacity) of transfer RNA methylases in extracts of lymphocytes cultured in the presence and absence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The tRNA methylases of human peripheral blood lymphocytes undergoing blastogenesis in culture with PHA had a five- to sixfold increase in rate and a three- to sevenfold increase in extent of methylation of heterologous tRNA. These data suggest that PHA transformed lymphocytes not only contain elevated levels of tRNA methylases, but that the increase includes qualitatively different enzymes from those found in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. Experiments in which lymphocytes were incubated for various times with PHA revealed that tRNA methylase induction occurred late in or after DNA synthesis and after morphologic transformation, but prior to mitosis. Rate and extent of tRNA methylation increased simultaneously. PHA induction of tRNA methylase activity was dependent on the synthesis of new RNA in lymphocytes cultured from 40 to 45 hours. The increase was not due to different levels of inhibitors or activators or preferential degradation of reaction components. The data suggest that quantitative and qualitative changes occur in the tRNA methylases of the normal human peripheral blood lymphocyte stimulated by PHA to undergo transition to an undifferentiated cell "in cycle." The possible significance of these findings to control of protein synthesis in PHA transformed lymphocytes is discussed.
Additional Kinetic Distinctions Between Normal Pyruvate Kinase and a Mutant Isozyme From Human Erythrocytes. Correction of the Kinetic Anomaly by Fructose-1,6-diphosphate
Authors: PAGLIA DONALD E. , VALENTINE WILLIAM N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Several cases have been reported in which chronic hemolytic anemia was thought to be secondary to the same mutant isozyme of erythrocyte PK. In crude hemolysates from one of these cases, defective kinetic characteristics of the isozyme were found to be completely correctable in vitro by low concentrations of the PK activator, fructose-1,6-diphosphate. The patterns of response to the activator further distinguished this isozyme from normal PK and suggested that the isozymes in these cases, previously thought to be identical, more probably represent three subtly distinct mutant forms.
Influence of Repeated Acute Thrombocytopenias on the Reappearance of Circulating Blood Platelets
Authors: KRAYTMAN M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Repeated experimental thrombocytopenia has been performed in three groups of dogs, at intervals of 2 days, 5-7 days, and 10 days. In the first two of these groups, the circulating thrombocytes reappear significantly more rapidly and the maximal platelet counts average respectively 138 per cent (p < 0.02) and 174 per cent (p < 0.001) of the peak observed after a single platelet depletion. If the thrombocytopenic stimulus is repeated at a 10-day interval, this modification in the rate of reappearance of platelets and in the platelet counts does not occur. It is concluded that platelet production induced by a single acute depletion does not represent the maximal medullary response and that thrombocytopoiesis can be further increased if the stimulus is repeated 2-7 days after a first one. Recovery curves after platelet depletion alone or followed by bleeding are similar, suggesting that thrombocytopoiesis is not influenced by a factor stimulating erythropoiesis.
Monocytic Vitamin B12-binding Protein
Authors: CARMEL RALPH , COLTMAN CHARLES A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Granulocytes are rich in vitamin B12-binding protein resembling serum alpha-globulin binder. Lymphocytes and erythrocytes contain lesser amounts of the protein, but monocytes have not heretofore been studied. Characterization of our patient’s monocytic B12 binder by gel filtration, radioautography, immunologic studies, and mediation of reticulocyte uptake of vitamin B12 showed it was identical to granulocytic binder. Monocytic B12-binding was low, but, due to the monocytosis in the subject, monocytes accounted for more total binding than did her granulocytes. The serum had markedly elevated B12-binding capacity. However, the elevation was of beta-globulin primarily. The reason for this remains unclear. In vitro incubation of cellular extract with serum did not alter the characteristics of the cellular B12-binding protein.
Effects of Bacterial Endotoxin on the Fibrinolytic Activity of Normal Human Leukocytes
Authors: GOLDSTEIN IRA M. , WÜNSCHMANN BARBARA , ASTRUP TAGE , HENDERSON EDWARD S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two modifications of Todd’s histochemical fibrin slide technique were used to study the effect of bacterial endotoxin on the plasminogen activator activity of intact normal human leukocytes in vitro. Leukocyte suspensions were obtained from heparinized peripheral blood by dextran sedimentation. Plasminogen activator activity was measured as the percentage of individual cells producing zones of fibrinolysis in plasminogen-rich fibrin. Of the cells from normal individuals, 27 ± 2 per cent were fibrinolytically active. The addition of lipopolysaccharide B from Salmonella abortus equi resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of active cells without impairment of cell viability. The stimulation of plasminogen activator release appeared to be dose-related, since at higher endotoxin concentrations the number of active cells gradually approached the granulocyte level. Maximum effect on leukocytes was observed 2 hours after addition of endotoxin, followed by a steady decline in activity. Plasminogen activator activity in the suspending medium became detectable after 2 hours’ incubation. Simultaneous assays of beta-glucuronidase revealed increasing amounts of this lysosomal enzyme in the suspending medium during incubation. Addition of endotoxin enhanced the rate of this increase. The parallel appearance of plasminogen activator and beta-glucuronidase activities without concomitant cell destruction from unstimulated and endotoxin-treated leukocytes is consistent with the release of both compounds from lysosomes following noncytocidal stimulation.
Quantitative Studies on the Sensitivity to Complement Lysis of Red Cells Treated With Thiol-reactive Reagents
Authors: STEAD NANCY W. , ROSSE WENDELL F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of reduced glutathione on the complement sensitivity of normal and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) red cells was determined quantitatively. The susceptibility to complement lysis was increased in normal and complement-sensitive and complement-insensitive PNH cells; the percentage increase in susceptibility was inversely related to the initial complement-sensitivity. P-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS) likewise increased the sensitivity of normal cells to lysis by complement; the effect with both compounds appeared to be due to reaction with membrane thiol groups. GSH-treated normal cells were similar to PNH cells in that the susceptibility to immune lysis occurred without concomitant increase in fixation of antibody or first component of complement. GSH-treated normal cells differed from PNH cells in that the membrane acetylcholinesterase activity was normal and the cells were not stable during preparation and short-term storage.
Transplantation of HL-A Identical Allogeneic Bone Marrow to a Patient With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: GRAW ROBERT G. , BROWN JAMES A. , YANKEE RONALD A. , LEVENTHAL BRIGID G. , WHANG-PENG JACQUELINE , ROGENTINE G. NICHOLAS , HENDERSON EDWARD S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In Transplantation of HL-A Identical Allogeneic Bone Marrow to a Patient With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, by Graw et al. (Blood 36: No. 6, December, 736-747, 1970), Table 2 on page 741 was printed incorrectly. The table below is correct.
See PDF for Table
The Effect of Erythropoietin on Human Bone Marrow Cells In Vitro. I. Studies of Nine Cases of Bone Marrow Failure
Authors: MIZOGUCHI HIDEAKI , MIURA YASUSADA , TAKAKU FUMIMARO , SASSA SHIGERU , CHIBA SHYOZO , NAKAO KIKU 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The in vitro response to erythropoietin of bone marrow from nine patients with bone marrow failure were studied. Two types of patients were observed, those in which the marrow was responsive to erythropoietin and those which were nonresponsive. Ferrokinetic data corresponded well with the response to erythropoietin in vitro. In the nonresponsive group, a recovery of sensitivity to erythropoietin was observed when the patients improved clinically. The nature of the bone marrow failure was discussed in relation to erythropoietin and stem cells.
Neutrophiia-inducing Activity in Plasma of Neutropenic Human Beings
Authors: MARSH JOHN C. , LEVITT MARTIN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Humoral factors have been implicated in the bone marrow release of neutrophils in experimental animals in response to neutropenia. No comparable studies have yet been reported in man, although a humoral mechanism has been described in the neutrophilic response to endotoxin. Three patients with reversible drug-induced neutropenia were studied for the presence of neutrophilia-inducing activity by obtaining plasma during neutropenia and after recovery. When the blood neutrophil concentration and marrow granulocyte reserves were normal, the paired plasmas were returned to the donors on different days, and the blood neutrophil concentrations sequentially measured. Reinfusion of the plasmas obtained from the two patients with marked neutropenia was associated with a 2.5-3.5-fold increase in the total neutrophil concentration and an 8.5-fold increase in the nonsegmented neutrophils, with the peak 30-60 min after infusion. In contrast, plasma obtained when the blood neutrophil concentration was normal did not have this effect. Plasma from the patient with only slight neutropenia was not associated with neutrophilia-inducing activity. Neutrophilia-inducing activity is present in increased concentration in the plasma of severely neutropenic human beings and we suggest that it plays a role in regulating the blood neutrophil concentration by causing release of neutrophils from the bone marrow.
Factor VII Antibody-neutralizing Material in Hereditary and Acquired Factor VII Deficiency
Authors: GOODNIGHT SCOTT H. , FEINSTEIN DONALD I. , ØSTERUD BJARNE , RAPAPORT SAMUEL I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Evidence is provided for the existence of at least two types of hereditary factor VII deficiency. In one type there is synthesis of a protein which neutralizes a factor VII antibody but lacks coagulant activity. In the second type, no factor VII antibody neutralizing material is present. Evidence is also provided for the existence of two types of acquired factor VII deficiency. Apparently, low factor VII activity in liver disease results from decreased synthesis of factor VII protein. In contrast, warfarin administration or vitamin K deficiency leads to the synthesis of factor VII protein that lacks clotting activity.
The Origin of Some Bone Marrow Fibroblasts
Authors: HENTEL JEAN , HIRSCHHORN KURT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An attempt was made to determine the origin of bone marrow fibroblasts which almost always appear when bone marrow aspirates and explants are grown on solid surfaces in tissue culture. Bone marrow aspirates from an individual with chronic myelogenous leukemia demonstrating the Ph-1 chromosome and from an individual with acute leukemia demonstrating C-group trisomy in marrow cells served as sources of the fibroblasts. The fibroblasts that grew from these aspirates were analyzed for the presence of these chromosome markers found in the leukemic cells. The positive findings of the Ph-1 chromosome and C-group trisomy in a proportion of the fibroblasts indicates that at least some leukemic bone marrow fibroblasts are derived from hemopoietic cells. The origin of the bone marrow fibroblasts are derived from hemopoietic somes remains unknown. They could be derived from (1) hemopoietic cells cytogenetically unaffected by the leukemic process, (2) stromal elements of the bone marrow, or (3) both cytogenetically unaffected hemopoietic cells and stromal elements.
Skin Window Studies of the Acute Inflammatory Responses of Neutropenic Patients
Authors: DALE D. C. , WOLFF S. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The acute inflammatory responses of three cyclic neutropenic and 15 chronic neutropenic patients were studied with the Rebuck skin window technique. The neutrophil responses at 3 and 5 hr after initiation of the inflammation were roughly proportional to the blood neutrophil counts. Cyclic neutropenics in their neutropenic phase and severe chronic neutropenics both showed normal mononuclear cell responses. These observations indicate that neutrophil accumulation at an inflammatory site is not necessary to initiate the mononuclear cell response as previously postulated. It is further suggested that in these patients with decreased neutrophils but normal monocyte counts the monocytes play a vital role in preventing serious infections.
Colony-stimulating Factor and Inhibitor Levels in Acute Granulocytic Leukemia
Authors: METCALF DONALD , CHAN SOH HA , GUNZ FREDERICK W. , VINCENT PAUL , RAVICH ROBERT B. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Assays were performed on bone marrow colony-stimulating-factor (CSF) levels in the serum and urine of 33 patients with acute granulocytic and myelomonocytic leukemia. Of 251 serum samples, 30% showed elevated CSF levels as did 53% of 1422 urines tested. Levels of serum inhibitors of colony formation were abnormally low or undetectable in 57% of sera from leukemic patients. Patients in relapse were unable to respond to infections by developing high serum CSF levels and low serum-inhibitor levels were more common in patients with a short survival time and in some types of patient during relapses.
Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis
Authors: TRUBOWITZ SIDNEY , MASEK BERTHA , FRASCA JULIO M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The anatomical and functional features of the hairy cells of leukemic reticuloendothelisis were investigated by time lapse cinematography; phytohemagglutinin stimulation; adherence to siliconized surfaces; a variety of cytochemical methods; and phase, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopic image supports the morphologic evidence for a relationship between the hairy and the reticular cells.
In Vitro Chromosomal Radiosensitivity in Fanconi’s Anemia
Authors: HIGURASHI MAKOTO , CONEN PATRICK E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Peripheral blood samples and skin fibroblast cultures from five children with Fanconi’s anemia and four normal children were irradiated with 10 and 100 rads. Nonirradiated duplicate cultures were used as controls. Blood cultures were harvested after 52 and 72 hr of incubation and fibroblast cultures were harvested 24 hr after irradiation. The frequency of chromosomal breakage caused by irradiation was calculated by subtracting figures for nonirradiated samples from those for irradiated samples. After irradiation, the number of breaks/cell/rad in samples from Fanconi’s anemia was approximately four-fold greater in lymphocytes and twofold greater in fibroblasts than in the controls. The number of dicentrics and rings per cell in cultured lymphocytes after 100 rads was significantly greater in the Fanconi’s anemia samples than controls. Therefore, in vitro, chromosomes of cells from children with Fanconi’s anemia were significantly more radiosensitive than those of controls (p < 0.01).
Variations in the Relationships Between Total 59Fe Uptake and the Uptakes Into Heme and Nonheme Fractions of Spleen and Bone Marrow in Irradiated Mice and Mouse Radiation Chimeras
Authors: GRESHAM P. A. , BARNETT M. , GOKSOY K. , SMITH S. VAUGHAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A chemical method for the separation of heme and nonheme iron-containing fractions in mouse tissues has been used to study the uptake of 59Fe into both the heme and nonheme iron fractions in spleen and femoral bone marrow, in order to investigate the possible relationships between the total uptake into spleen tissue and the rate of uptake into the heme fractions. In control mice, only about one third of the 59Fe is directly associated with heme during the first day after administration, and this fraction decreases as radioactive red cells are released from the spleen into blood. Ten days after X-irradiation of mice, the proportion of 59Fe in the spleen heme fraction 6 hr after intraperitoneal administration decreased from about 30 to 10% of the total splenic activity as the radiation dose was increased from 500 to 750 rads. A similar alteration in the proportion of 59 Fe in the spleen haem fraction occurred in mouse radiation chimeras as the dose of injected syngeneic bonemarrow cells was reduced from 5 x 105 to zero. Similar results were found in femoral bone marrow. These results indicate that in this system the rate of uptake into whole tissue is not a measure of the uptake into heme; it is necessary, therefore, to use the method involving the measurement of iron uptake into heme, rather than the total tissue uptake, when estimating hemoglobin synthesis or erythropoiesis.
The Effect of Erythrocytes on Mouse Bone Marrow Colony Development In Vitro
Authors: BRADLEY T. R. , TELFER P. A. , FRY PHYLLIS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The development of colonies in nutrient agar in vitro from mouse hemopoietic cells, in the presence of a maximal dose of colony-stimulating activity (CSA), was greatly enhanced by the addition of washed red cells to the culture system. Human, sheep, guinea pig, rat, and mouse (syngeneic or allogeneic), but not rabbit, red cells exhibited enhancing ability, as did osmotically lysed erythrocyte preparations from rats. The use of red cells in the culture system, in addition to a maximum concentration of CSA, has resulted in revised estimates of the numbers of agar colony-forming units in hemopoietic tissues.
Micropinocytotic Ferritin in Erythroid Cells: Species Dependency and Relation to Serum Iron Levels
Authors: TANAKA YASUKAZU , BRECHER GEORGE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Effect of SI level and saturation of TIBC on the induction of ferritin in erythroid cells was investigated in rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. Evidence presented indicates that species difference and serum iron level are important factors in induction of micropinocytotic ferritin in developing erythroid cells: (1) Micropinocytotic ferritin was occasionally seen in erythroblasts of control guinea pigs. Erythroblasts of control rats and rabbits were negative. (2) Elevated SI and high saturation of TIBC increased micropinocytotic ferritin in developing erythroid cells in guinea pigs. Iron administration to rats and rabbits did not affect the accumulation of micropinocytotic ferritin. In guinea pigs, disappearance of stromal ferritin during erythroid maturation was demonstrated. High SI level did not affect the stromal ferritin of erythroid cells. Dissociation of ferritin increase in micropinocytotic vesicles of erythroblasts on the one hand and in macrophage cytoplasm on the other was seen when iron-sorbitol was injected. The results emphasize the biologically dissimilar nature and kinetics of morphologically different types of ferritin in erythroblasts.