bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Common Features inComputational Thinking Frameworks in K-12 Education
Authors: Zahilah Mohamed Zaki Filzah , Wong Su Luan , Ridzwan Yaakub Mohd 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Computational Thinking (CT) is not just another application of computer science principles in humans’ life. Computational Thinking has emerged as a systematic way of thinking, and problem-solving process. The awareness of inculcating CT into education, at different curricular level has started in various directions, and contexts. The article aimed to introduce the basic concepts of CT and highlight common key features within K-12 education frameworks, deployed by different bodies. Computational thinking is closely relatedto critical thinking, STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) learning, as well as project-based learning. From the review, various computational thinking definitions and key features within education frameworks were identified, and this contributed in how computational thinking is being integrated in different context, respectively.
Improved Metaheuristic Algorithms for Metabolic Network Optimization
Authors: Mohd Daud K , Zakaria Z , Hassan R , Mohamad M S , Ali Shah Z 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Metaheuristic algorithms have been used in various domains to solve the optimization problem. In metabolic engineering, the problem of identifying near-optimal reactions knockout that can optimize the production rate of desired metabolites are hindered by the complexity of the metabolic networks. Through Flux Balance Analysis, different metaheuristics algorithms have been improved to optimize the desired phenotypes. In this paper, a comparative study of four metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed. Differential Search Algorithm (DSA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are considered. These algorithms are tested on succinic acid production in Escherichia coli. The comparative performances are measured based on production rate, growth rate, and computational time. Hence, from the results, the best metaheuristic algorithms to solve the metabolic network optimization is identified.
Electromagnetic control of fluid with magnetic particles in the stenosed region
Authors: Uddin Salah , Mohamad Mahathir , Kamardan Mghazali , Abd Hakim Mohamad Mahmod , Sufahani Suliadi , Rozaini Roslan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Hydrodynamic flow of Newtonian blood mixed with magnetic particles (red blood cells) through stenosed region is studied in this paper. The fluid is acted upon by an oscillating pressure gradient in a perpendicular magnetic field. Governing fractional momentum equations are analytically solved for axial velocities. Graphical analysis of velocity profiles against various physiological parameters is developed by coding in Mathematica. Effect of Caputo fractional operator α on axial velocities is also considered. Results show that blood and magnetic particles has increasing effect with maximum height of the stenosis and electric field, whereas, it has a decreasing effect with perpendicular magnetic field. Hence, the flow of blood can be controlled by applying sufficient and strong electric and magnetic field. This is an important fact in medical diagnosis and clinical treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and atherosclerosis.
Exclusion Radius Particle Swarm Optimizer
Authors: Soo Chun Kit Alvin , Nuzly Abdull Hamed Haza , Adham Isa Mohd 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Function optimization is a problem that has existed since modern engineering began. With multiple variables, brute-forcing or simple regression models become unfeasible. This paper proposes a shrinking population control method for a dynamic population particle swarm optimizer. The proposed control mechanism creates an exclusion zone, where particles are periodically purged from the simulation. The selection of particles purged relies on their particle best i.e. the position where it found its personal best fitness. Particles with their particle best outside of the exclusion zone with a predetermined radius from the current global best are removed from the simulation. The purging is done periodically in stages of equal iteration counts, and the radius is shrunk by a factor after every stage. By testing 5 benchmark mathematical functions, the results show that the proposed population control mechanism achieves better final optima than only a basic particle swarm optimizer and a simple shrinking dynamic population particle swarm optimizer where the worst performing particle is removed every so often.
Adoption of Machine Learning Techniques in Software Effort Estimation: An Overview
Authors: Hajar Arbain Siti , Azizah Ali Nor , Haszlinna Mustaffa Noorfa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Nowadays the significant trend of the effort estimation is in demand. It needs more data to be collected and the stakeholders require an effective and efficient software for processing, which makes the hardware and software cost development becomes steeply increasing. This scenario is true especially in the area of large industry, as the size of a software project is becoming more complex and bigger, the complexity of estimation is continuously increased. Effort estimation is part of the software engineering economic study on how to manage limited resources in a way a project could meet its target goal in a specified schedule, budget and scope. It is necessary to develop or adopt a useful software development process in executing a software development project by acting as a key constraint to the project. The accuracy of estimation is the main critical evaluation for every study. Recently, the machine learning techniques are becoming widely used in many effort estimation problems but there are limitations in some of the models and the variation research is still not enough. This paper presents an overview of the effort estimation using machine learning techniques and will be useful for researchers to provide future direction in the field of machine learning adoption in software effort estimation.
Optimum Placement of Piezo-Polymer Power Harvester for Epicardial Pacemaker
Authors: Bin Mohd. Asri Mohd. Hafizulhadi , Haikal Satria Muhammad , Talib Shukor , Samion Hasri 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The major drawbacks of current pacemaker are the battery replacement. Patient will need additional surgery to replace the pacemaker unit with the new one. Utilization of rechargeable battery has been proposed to overcome this problem. However, recharging a battery within the body is not feasible due to tissue-heating and battery’s charge-and-discharge life-time. By those reasons, the utilization of piezo-polymer is suitable for a self-powered pacemaker as energy harvester. Piezo-polymer has been widely used as energy harvesting but none for cardiothoracic implantable device. This study focuses on specific implementation of piezo-polymer for epicardial pacemaker. The proposed fundamental research aims to identify the optimum location on the heart to put the piezo-polymer. This research will be conducted by simulation of left ventricle of heart via ANSYS. Heart stress-strain Finite Element Analysis (FEA) will be employed to obtain the maximum harvested power. The result shows the location of myocardial contraction that produces sufficient kinetic energy for the placement of the pacemaker. The heart 3-dimensional images are taken from cardiac-CT or cardiac-MRI to search the optimum location on the heart for energy harvesting and minimize pacing energy. In conclusion, the left ventricular wall motion and deformation caused by the cardiac wall movements have been analysed based on the left ventricle model in the simulation to get the location of the maximum kinetic energy formed.
Tensile Toughness Improvement of Poly(ethyleneco-vinyl acetate)(PEVA) by Incorporation of Hybrid Pre-dispersed O-MMT and Destabilized Bentonite
Authors: Fareyhynn Mohammed Fitri Tuty , Fazlina Osman Azlin , Othman Rahimah , Anwar Abdul Halim Khairul 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA) is a biocompatible copolymer, easily processed and designed for intricate biomedical products. However, its toughness; which is the combination of high flexibility and high strength is quite low to resist tearing during long term use in human biological system. In this study, the possibility to enhance the tensile toughness of the PEVA was studied. Several ratios of organically modified MMT and bentonite were used as hybrid nanofillers in the PEVA matrix to form hybrid nanocomposites. Both nanoclays were pre-dispersed and destabilized prior to melt compounding with the PEVA. Results indicated that the use of O-MMT and bentonite in a ratio of 4:1 brought the best increment in the tensile toughness of the PEVA. This could be related to the improved interactions between PEVA with the hybrid nanofillers.
Correlation of Microstructure and Flexural Strength of Fly Ash Geopolymer of Varying Molarities
Authors: Yong-Sing Ng , Yun-Ming Liew , Cheng-Yong Heah , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullahi Mohd , Hui-Teng Ng , Naveed Amir 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The present work studies and compares the flexural properties of fly ash geopolymer with varying molarity of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Different molarities of NaOH solution (6M, 8M, 10M, 12M and 14M) are used to prepare the alkali activator (a mixture of NaOH and sodium silicate). The fly ash geopolymer were synthesised by using the solid/liquid ratio of 2.5 and sodium silicate/NaOH ratio of 2.5. The samples were cured at 60°C for 6 hours. The flexural test and microstructural analysis of fly ash geopolymer are performed after 28 days. Generally, the flexural strength of fly ash geopolymer increases when the molarity of NaOH increases. The 12M geopolymer has the highest flexural strength and a more densified microstructure is observed.
Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Lightweight Foamed Geopolymer Concretes
Authors: Fatimah Azzahran Abdullah’ Siti , Yun-Ming Liew , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Cheng-Yong Heah , Zulkifly Khairunnisa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Foamed geopolymer concretes have a better performance in the thermal insulation properties compared to normal geopolymer concretes. In this research, lightweight aggregate geopolymer concretes was incorporated with different percentage of foaming agents (hydrogen peroxide). Compressive strength and thermal conductivity were measured. From results obtained, increased H2O2 contents will decrease the strength of lightweight foamed geopolymer concretes. Lightweight aggregate foamed geopolymer concretes (LWAFGC) with foaming agent content of 0.2wt.% obtained the highest strength of 19.601 MPa. Furthermore, Increased of H2O2 contents also will decrease the thermal conductivity of lightweight foamed geopolymer concretes. Lightweight foamed geopolymer concretes with 2wt.% H2O2 gave the good thermal insulating behavior when the thermal conductivity value recorded the lowest value compare to other wt.% of H2O2 content. The thermal conductivity value of lightweight foamed geopolymer concretes with 2wt.% of H2O2 was 0.072 W/m. K while, the thermal conductivity of other mixtures ranged between 0.077 W/m. K to 0.087 W/m. K., respectively.
Microstructural Analysis of Fly Ash-based Geopolymers with various Alkali Concentration
Authors: Hui-Teng Ng , Cheng-Yong Heah , Yun-Ming Liew , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Yong-Sing Ng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the present work, a comparative study on the effect of different concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on fly ash-based geopolymer was investigated. The geopolymer synthesis by mixing fly ash with alkali activator (a mixture of NaOH and sodium silicate) at solid/liquid ratio of 2.5. The NaOH were used 6M, 8M, 10M, 12M and 14M with constant sodium silicate/NaOH ratio of 2.5. The geopolymers were cured at room temperature (29°C) for 24 hours and 60°C in oven for another 24 hours. The testing and analysis of the fly ash-based geopolymers were performed after 28 days. The adequate Na+ ions and densified microstructure were observed at optimum 8M-NaOH-activated fly ash-based geopolymers.
Fabrication of Novel Geopolymer Reinforced Tin Copper Solder in Suppressing Intermetallic Layer Growth
Authors: Nadiah ‘Izzati Binti Zulkifli Nur , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh Mohd 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Currently, lead-free composite solder technology system is the new approach that have been considered as a promising replacement for toxic SnPb solder alloy. Sn-0.7Cu was used as matrix solder alloy while fly ash geopolymer and kaolin geopolymer with different compositions (0.5 wt.%, 1.0 wt.%, and 1.5 wt.%) was added as a reinforcement to increase the properties of solder alloy. The solder composite was prepared by using powder metallurgy method which consist of mixing, compaction, and sintering process via microwave oven. Microwave sintering approach results in more uniform heating, lower pore coarsening with cost-effective and energy efficiency. The chemical composition and morphology of geopolymer reinforcement was analysed by using X-ray Flourescene and Scanning Electron Microscope. The influences of the geopolymer particulates in the monolithic matrix solder on the interfacial intermetallic compound thickness and wettability were investigated by using optical microscope, while the specific value was measured by using J-image software. The melting point temperature were investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The influences of adding types of geopolymer particulates into Sn-0.7Cu lead free solder were investigated in terms of interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and thermal properties. It is noted that several addition of fly ash geopolymer and kaolin geopolymer particles can remarkably supressed the thickness of intermetallic layer between composite solder and the substrate and thus gives higher melting temperature but somehow certain composition resulted low in mechanical properties. Overall, the addition of 0.5 wt.% of kaolin geopolymer reinforcements into Sn-0.7Cu lead-free improved all the listed properties of the solder materials.
Investigation of Heat Released during Geopolymerization with Fly Ash based Geopolymer
Authors: Mohamed Rosnita , Abd Razak Rafiza , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Khimi Shuib Raa , Aida Mohd Mortar Nurul , Wazien Ahmad Zailani Warid 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Geopolymerization consists of several chemical reactions that has been reported widely as an exothermic reaction. Previous studies on heat released during geopolymerization used metakaolin and fly ash of F class as a precursor for geopolymer. Meanwhile, in this study, fly ash of C class is used and a preliminary study has been conducted on determining the exothermic reaction of the geopolymerization with various ratios of solid-to-liquid ranging from 1.5 to 2.5. The amount of heat released was determined by using Differential Scanning Calorimeter. It was proven that different solid-to-liquid ratio affected the amount of heat released during geopolymerization as the highest amount of the heat released were recorded at the optimum solid-to-liquid ratio of 2.0.
Morphology Analysis of Spontaneous Tin (Sn) Whisker Growth on Lead-Free Solder
Authors: Noorliyana Hashim Aimi , Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh Mohd , Zaimah Mohd Mokhtar Noor 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Due to the transition of the electronics industry to lead-free solders, the issue of tin (Sn) whisker has become one of the most imperative issues that need to be resolved. Moreover, with the increasing demand for electronics miniaturization, Sn whisker growth is a severe threat to the reliability of microelectronic devices. Sn whisker is a conductive tin structure that grows spontaneously from tin finished surfaces, which can lead to well-documented system failures in electronics industries. Assessment of the Sn whisker growth is difficult because of the slow and unpredictable nature of the Sn whisker formation. This paper presents the results of morphology analysis of Sn whisker growth in terms of Sn whiskers shape, average density and maximum length of Sn whisker on Sn-Cu solder finished using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Micro-indentation test was used to accelerate the growth of Sn whisker at room temperature storage.
Microstructure and Wettability of Graphene Oxide/TiO2 Thin Film Prepared via Sol-gel Method
Authors: Azani Azliza , Suriyani Che Halin Dewi , Abdul Razak Kamrosni , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh Mohd , Mahmed Norsuria , Mahyiddin Ramli Muhammad , Sepeai Suhaila 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The microstructure of graphene oxide TiO2 (GO/TiO2) films on wettability and morphology properties were studied at different amount of Titanium isopropoxide with fixed amount of GO. GO/TiO2 thin films were prepared by using sol-gel method and deposited on glass substrate by spin-coating technique. The formation of GO/TiO2 was confirmed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) study while the morphology of GO/TiO2 was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions of these films were examined by wettability test by measuring the water contact angle of the water drop on the surface of the coating. The wettability tests display that the contact angle of GO/TiO2 was increased from 90.0º to 118.7º after reduce the amount of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP). A small peaks of graphene and Ti were observed in the coated films and more pronounce peaks occur after the films were annealed. However, it was found that the annealing process does not improve the contact angle of the films as compared to the non-annealed films.
Assessment of Surface Ozone Concentration in Northern Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Izzah Mohd Hashim Nur , Alia Izzati Mohd Yusoff Nur , Mohamed Noor Norazian , Zia Ul-Saufie Ahmad 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study investigate the surface ozone variations in northern Peninsular Malaysia which is Penang and Ipoh. A database with hourly air quality data and meteorological parameters covering the period of 2013 – 2016 obtained from Air Quality Division, the Department of Environment (DOE) were analysed. The association between the O3 concentration and meteorological parameter as well as the other air pollutants were identified by using Pearson Correlation Analysis and Principle Component Analysis. In order to predict the next three hour of O3 concentration, two models were developed which is MLR and PCAMLR. The results indicate that Ipoh has higher ozone concentration with maximum concentration of 0.124 ppm. The diurnal pattern of ozone displayed a peak during afternoon and low concentration during night-time until morning. On the other hand, the NO and NO2 concentration shows opposite pattern from ozone concentration. Maximum concentration of O3 reached the peak at late afternoon at approximately 2 p.m. in Penang and Ipoh while the lowest reading was recorded was at 8 a.m. A significant correlation was observed between O3 concentration with temperature and wind speed in both urban areas. MLR was chosen as best predictive and more accurate model in predicting O3 concentration during the peak hour compared to PCA-MLR.
Simulation-Based Optimization of Plastic Injection Molding Parameter for Aircraft Part Fabrication Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Rosli M.U. , Ikman Ishak Muhammad , Riduan Jamalludin Mohd , Khor C.Y. , Nawi M.A.M. , Mohamad Syafiq A.K. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The small size and thin part characteristics of the honeycomb floor panel for the aircraft part product may cause problems in injection molding fabrication process. The objectives of this study is to find the most appropriate parameter in injection molding process for honeycomb floor panel by simulation using MoldFlow software and optimize the quality of injection molding process parameter by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) as to obtain an optimal response and meets the requirement specification in the aviation scope. The crucial responses are shrinkage and warpage. Melt temperature, filling pressure and injection time are selected as the most influential factor for shrinkage and warpage. Model response was fitted by quadratic model. As the results, the optimum value suggested by the software were melt temperature of 360.02c, 60 MPa filling pressure and 4.70s injection time. With small differences error value between solution and simulation, 0.3% for shrinkage and 0.6% for warpage, the results was acceptable.
Optimization of Laminated Composites Characteristics via integration of Chamis Equation, Taguchi method and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Syarafuddin Salam Syafiq , Mizamzul Mehat Nik , Kamaruddin Shahrul 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
To date, composite material has drawn significant attention due to its extended properties in various application. Many factors need to be considered in designing the composites which might leads to complex decision making. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing and optimizing various factors including combination of material, volume fraction of fiber, ply angle, ply quantity, ply thickness and load applied via integration of the Taguchi method / Principal component analysis along with analytical analysis of Chamis equation. The finite element was adopted in conducting the analysis. Three responses were considered for the laminated composites namely displacement, stress and strain. The findings from the main effects analysis showed that the set of optimum parameters was identified as load applied of 2000N, ply thickness of 0.08 mm, ply quantity of 12 plies, ply angle of 0,90,0 °, material combination of boron/epoxy as well as volume fraction of 65%.
Synthesis of Metasilicate Gel from Rice Husk and Its Application as Medium of Growth Single Crystal Calcium Tartrate Tetrahydrate (CaC4H4O6.4H2O)
Authors: Eka Putri Suriati , Hasri  , Side Sumiati , Yunanda FR , Subaer  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Has been done a research about synthesis metasilicate gel from rice husk and its application as medium of growth single crystal. synthesis This research was carried out in several stage namely sample preparation, metasilicate gel synthesis, crystal CaTT synthesis, and metasilicate gel characterization. Rice husk ash that used content SiO2 of 98.45 %, it was potential to be a sodium silicate filtrate. Filtrate of sodium silicate was reacted with tartrat acid (C4H6O6) and produce metasilicate gel with pH 5,00; 5,25; 5,50; 5,75 and 6,00. The supernatant of calcium chloride (CaCl2) diffuse into the gel and formed the clear white crystal CaTT as much as 0,2659 g at the optimum pH 5,25. Analysis of functional groups of metasilicate gel by FTIR provides the specific absorption of –OH group at 3400.05 cm-1 and 920.05 cm-1, C=O group at 1622.13 cm-1 and C-O group at 1346.31 cm-1, and the Si-O-Si group at 1064.71 cm-1. Characterization of gel metasilicate by XRD indicated that metasilicate gel produced formed on Na2C4H4O6.2H2O, compound of SiO2 and C-Grafit. Based on the analysis of functional groups by FTIR and characterization by XRD, it was concluded that the rice husk was potentially to be a sources of metasilicate gel as medium to grow single crystal of CaTT.