bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apocynin and Tempol ameliorate dietary sodium-induced declines in cutaneous microvascular function in salt-resistant humans
Authors: Ramick Meghan G. , Brian Michael S. , Matthews Evan L. , Patik Jordan C. , Seals Douglas R. , Lennon Shannon L. , Farquhar William B. , Edwards David G. 
Published: May 2019

It has previously been shown that high dietary salt impairs vascular function independent of changes in blood pressure. Rodent studies suggest that NADPH-derived reactive oxygen species mediate the deleterious effect of high salt on the vasculature, and here we translate these findings to humans. Twenty-nine healthy adults (34 ± 2 yr) participated in a controlled feeding study. Participants completed 7 days of a low-sodium diet (LS; 20 mmol sodium/day) and 7 days of a high-sodium diet (HS; 300 mmol sodium/day) in random order. All participants were salt resistant, defined as a ≤5-mmHg change in 24-h mean BP determined while on the LS and HS diets. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to assess cutaneous vasodilation in response to local heating (42°C) during local delivery of Ringer’s ( n = 29), 20 mM ascorbic acid (AA; n = 29), 10 µM Tempol ( n = 22), and 100 µM apocynin ( n = 22). Additionally, endothelial cells were obtained in a subset of participants from an antecubital vein and stained for nitrotyrosine ( n = 14). Cutaneous vasodilation was attenuated by the HS diet compared with LS [LS 93.0 ± 2.2 vs. HS 86.8 ± 2.0 percentage of maximal cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVCmax); P < 0.05] and was restored by AA during the HS diet (AA 90.7 ± 1.2 %CVCmax; P < 0.05 vs. HS). Cutaneous vasodilation was also restored with the local infusion of both apocynin ( P < 0.01) and Tempol ( P < 0.05) on the HS diet. Nitrotyrosine expression was increased on the HS diet compared with LS ( P < 0.05). These findings provide direct evidence of dietary sodium-induced endothelial cell oxidative stress and suggest that NADPH-derived reactive oxygen species contribute to sodium-induced declines in microvascular function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-sodium diets have deleterious effects on vascular function, likely mediating, in part, the increased cardiovascular risk associated with a high sodium intake. Local infusion of apocynin and Tempol improved microvascular function in salt-resistant adults on a high-salt diet, providing evidence that reactive oxygen species contribute to impairments in microvascular function from high salt. This study provides insight into the blood pressure-independent mechanisms by which dietary sodium impairs vascular function. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/dietary-sodium-oxidative-stress-and-microvascular-function/ .
Shortwave Spectral Radiative Signatures and Their Physical Controls
Authors: Gristey Jake J. , Chiu J. Christine , Gurney Robert J. , Shine Keith P. , Havemann Stephan , Thelen Jean-Claude , Hill Peter G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe spectrum of reflected solar radiation emerging at the top of the atmosphere is rich with Earth system information. To identify spectral signatures in the reflected solar radiation and directly relate them to the underlying physical properties controlling their structure, over 90 000 solar reflectance spectra are computed over West Africa in 2010 using a fast radiation code employing the spectral characteristics of the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY). Cluster analysis applied to the computed spectra reveals spectral signatures related to distinct surface properties, and cloud regimes distinguished by their spectral shortwave cloud radiative effect (SWCRE). The cloud regimes exhibit a diverse variety of mean broadband SWCREs, and offer an alternative approach to define cloud type for SWCRE applications that does not require any prior assumptions. The direct link between spectral signatures and distinct physical properties extracted from clustering remains robust between spatial scales of 1, 20, and 240 km, and presents an excellent opportunity to understand the underlying properties controlling real spectral reflectance observations. Observed SCIAMACHY spectra are assigned to the calculated spectral clusters, showing that cloud regimes are most frequent during the active West African monsoon season of June–October in 2010, and all cloud regimes have a higher frequency of occurrence during the active monsoon season of 2003 compared with the inactive monsoon season of 2004. Overall, the distinct underlying physical properties controlling spectral signatures show great promise for monitoring evolution of the Earth system directly from solar spectral reflectance observations.
Novel Pulmonary Function Parameter Shifts in High-Grade Upper Airway Stenoses
Authors: Wiggenhauser Paul Severin , Adolph Oliver , Hoffmann Thomas Karl , Thierauf Julia , Veit Johannes Adrian 
Published: May 2019

Upper airway stenosis (UAS) is a common problem for anesthesiologists in laryngology as well as head and neck surgery, but it may lead to life-threatening situations if it is undetected. This retrospective case series was performed on patients who had UAS and presented with severe dyspnea or encountered difficulties in airway management. To assess the severity of UAS, the degree of stenosis was calculated using computed tomography scans and direct endoscopy. Lung function test was collected, and measured values were extracted as percentage of predicted reference values. Lower and higher grade stenoses were defined by Cotton-Myer classification and median degree of stenosis. Median of detected stenoses was 73% (64%-85%), with 7 of 10 patients classified as Cotton-Myer grade 3. Lung function tests showed typical parameter shifts as known from obstructive pulmonary diseases (OPDs). Furthermore, statistical analyses showed a significant higher value of residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC) in patients with higher grade stenosis ( P < .05), whereas forced expiratory volume in 1 second /vital capacity (FEV1/VC) did not show a significant difference in same subgroups. In conclusion, the elevation of RV/TLC with concomitant normal FEV1/VC in symptomatic patients could be used to demarcate rare UAS from common OPD. Moreover, RV–TLC ratio might be used to distinguish between low- and high-grade UAS. But further epidemiological studies will be necessary to validate these findings. Level of evidence: 4.
Staphylococcus lentus Sinusitis: A New Sinonasal Pathogen
Authors: Hay Casey Y. , Sherris David A. 
Published: May 2019

Background: The pathogens most commonly associated with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis include Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The pathogens most commonly associated with chronic rhinosinusitis include Staphylococcus aureus and various anaerobic organisms, including Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus. This case report illustrates a case of chronic rhinosinusitis associated with the Staphylococcus lentus organism, a well-known animal pathogen that has never been documented in the sinonasal cavity before. Methods: The medical records of an adult patient who presented to the otolaryngology office were reviewed. The literature available was reviewed. Results: A 62-year-old man presented with chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to medical management. He was taken to the operating room for functional endoscopic sinus surgery and cultures were obtained, which returned positive for Staphylococcus lentus. He had no known animal contacts at home or work. He improved with surgery and appropriate antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: Staphylococcus lentus has never before been reported as a human pathogen in the sinonasal cavities. Otolaryngologists must routinely obtain cultures of mucus or tissue during sinus surgery in order to ensure appropriate antibiotic treatment after surgery and resolution of patient symptoms.
Predictors for euthyroid sick syndrome and its impact on in-hospital clinical outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Wang Jiayang , Yuan Wen , Dong Ran , Liu Nan , Liu Dong , Zhou Yujie 
Published: May 2019

Objective: The purpose of this cohort study was to investigate the independent relationship between euthyroid sick syndrome and in-hospital outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, and we also examined the direct correlation between pre- or intra-operative variables and the incidence of coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome. Methods: The present study enrolled high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017 in Beijing Anzhen hospital, including 387 (58.7%) patients with coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome and 272 (41.3%) patients without coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome. Results: The mean age of euthyroid sick syndrome group was significantly older than that of no euthyroid sick syndrome group (65.9 ± 7.5 vs 60.9 ± 9.6, p < 0.0001). Compared with the control group, significantly higher proportions of patients with euthyroid sick syndrome had presented with the following clinical characteristics at hospital admission: moderate and poor left ventricular ejection fraction (42.9% vs 28.7%, p < 0.0001), higher euroscore II (9.2 ± 4.1 vs 8.0 ± 3.9, p < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis on the total patients revealed that the independent risk factors for coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome were advanced age (odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.09, p < 0.0001), higher euroscore II (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.11, p = 0.013), and moderate and poor left ventricular ejection fraction (odds ratio = 2.26, 95% confidence interval = 1.61-3.18, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, euthyroid sick syndrome was independently correlated with an increased risk of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (odds ratio = 3.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.64-7.02, p = 0.001) and post-infection (odds ratio = 8.11, 95% confidence interval = 3.97-16.57, p < 0.0001) Besides, we also confirmed coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome was associated with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment maximum greater than 11 (odds ratio = 2.98, 95% confidence interval = 1.90-4.65, p < 0.0001), which predicted an in-hospital death rate of 95%, independently. Conclusion: Coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome exerted detrimental effects on short-term clinical outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Advanced age, higher euroscore II, and moderate and poor left ventricular ejection fraction were independent risk factors for coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome.
Self-Resolving Vulvar Breast Tissue Arising in the Post-Partum Setting: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Larson Stephanie , Yang Sara , Chacko-Stacey Alexandra , Mason Danielle , Hart Elaine 
Published: May 2019

Introduction During the postpartum period, breast engorgement in preparation for lactation may trigger the onset of vulvar labial nodules that present with pain and discomfort. These labial nodules may originate from ectopic breast tissue and can rarely present in women during the postpartum period in the labia majora. Main Issue A 37-year-old African American female, gravida 1 para 1, presented to the Loma Linda University Medical Center with complaints of new onset labial swelling worsening 6 days following her full term spontaneous vaginal delivery. Additionally, our respondent complained of difficulty breastfeeding due to intermittent lack of milk production. She reported bilateral breast engorgement with tenderness, despite frequent attempts at breastfeeding. The respondent’s presentation did not meet the criteria for other common differentials due to the physical characteristics of the nodules. The location of the nodules along the milk line led physicians to believe that the respondent was presenting with engorged extra-mammary breast tissue in the labia majora. Management The participant was told to observe her course over the next few days as she began to have milk production and ejection. The respondent was seen in clinic for her 6-week postpartum visit, and was no longer complaining of difficulty with breastfeeding. The labial nodules had resolved spontaneously. Conclusion A literature search yielded no case reports that described a case of an extra-mammary vulvar mass that self-resolved with resolution of breast engorgement. The infrequent presentation of extra-mammary vulvar tissue makes it difficult to conclude a guideline for diagnosis and management.
Patients’ Needs Regarding Anxiety Management in Palliative Cancer Care: A Qualitative Study in a Hospice Setting
Authors: Zweers Danielle , de Graeff Alexander , Duijn Jette , de Graaf Everlien , Witteveen Petronella O. , Teunissen Saskia C. C. M. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Anxiety is a common symptom in the palliative phase, and symptom management depends on the competencies of individual professionals. This study aims to get insight into the needs of anxious hospice patients with advanced cancer regarding support. Method: Semi-structured interviews were performed in admitted hospice patients with cancer. Patients admitted from May 2017 till May 2018 were eligible whether or not they were anxious. Interviews were analyzed and coded within predefined topics. Results: Fourteen patients were included: 10 females, median age 71, and median World Health Organization performance score 3. Most patients were highly educated. Thirteen patients were interviewed within 6 months before death. Information, open communication, sense of control, safety, adequate symptom management, and respect for patients’ coping strategy were the 6 main expressed needs. Conclusion: Assessing patients’ needs regarding anxiety provided important angles where health-care professionals can make a difference in order to support anxious patients in their final stage of life to realize tailored palliative care. Future research should focus on the development of a systematic approach for health-care professionals to manage anxiety in daily care of terminal patients.
Tattoo-associated panuveitis: A 10-year follow-up
Authors: Tiew Stephenie 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: There has been an increasing number of tattoo-related uveitis without evidence of systemic sarcoidosis. This finding may indicate a possible association of tattoos with uveitis. Case description: This report is a 10-year follow-up of a single case of tattoo-related uveitis with no proven systemic sarcoidosis. Conclusion: Literature review suggests possible pathogenesis and the patient’s management is discussed. This case highlights the importance of a good systemic history and physical examination, especially with regard to tattoos.
Capsular closure outweighs head size in preventing dislocation following revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Pedneault Christopher , Tanzer Dylan , Nooh Anas , Smith Karen , Tanzer Michael 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The high dislocation rate following revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been shown to be significantly reduced by closing the posterior capsule and by the use of large diameter femoral heads. The relative importance of each of these strategies on the rate of dislocation remains unknown. We undertook a study to determine if increasing femoral head diameter, in addition to posterior capsular closure would influence the dislocation rate following revision THA. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 144 patients who underwent a revision THA. We included all patients who underwent revision THA with closure of the posterior capsule and who had at least a 2-year minimum follow-up. 48 patients had a 28-mm femoral head, 47 had a 32-mm head and 49 patients had a 36-mm femoral head. Results: At a minimum follow-up of 2 years, there were 3 dislocations. There were no dislocations in the 28-mm group (0%), 2 in the 32-mm group (4%) and 1 in the 36-mm group (2%). Head size alone was not found to significantly decrease the risk of dislocation (28-mm versus 32-mm p = 0.12; 28-mm versus 36-mm p = 0.27; 32-mm versus 36-mm p = 0.40). Conclusion: Both large diameter heads and careful attention to surgical technique with posterior capsular closure can decrease the historically high dislocation rate after revision THA when utilising the posterolateral approach. Capsular closure outweighs the effect of femoral head diameter in preventing dislocation following revision THA through a posterolateral approach.
A New Look at the Forces Acting on the Hip Joint
Authors: Bombelli R , Kuller N. , Bombelli M. 
Published: May 2019

A simple diagram of coronal plane forces about the hip is used to describe pathomechanics of coxa vara, coxa valga, coxarthrosis, femoral neck fracture, congenital coxa vara, slipped capital epiphysis, dislocation of the femoral head and acetabular loosening in total hip replacement. A common pattern of abnormality is seen to be excessive shear against a cranio-laterally oblique plane with consequent cranio-lateral migration of the structure distal to that plane. As soon as the plane is made horizontal with surgical treatment, the shearing forces disappear and the vertical compressive forces achieve healing.
Long-Term Evaluation of Hip Arthroplasty (Mid-Thigh Pain, Limp, Loosening and Failures)
Authors: Surace A. , Mineo G. , Micale C. , De Giovanni G. , Previtera A. M. 
Published: May 2019

Two hundred and fifty arthroplasties performed from February 1982 to June 1990 at the 3rd Orthopedic Department of the University of Milan, were evaluated in the long term after operation. All patients were rated by a personal scoring system based on the analysis of hip motion. Twenty-one patients who had received cementless arthroplasties were examined by bony scintigraphy to check the time course of prosthetic fixation on the basis of bone metabolic state. The excellent clinical results strongly support the correctness of the concept of arthroplasty, but various aspects of surgical technique must be studied and further improvements made in components.
Morphology and Biomechanics of the Hip. Study III: The Diseased Hip
Authors: Specchiulli F. , Laforgia R. , Nitti L. , Savino G. , Mastrosimone N. , Pellicani N. , Solarino G. 
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to define the characteristics of the diseased hip through a series of roentgenographic parameters measured on X-rays taken from a group of patients suffering from primary osteoarthritis. The arthritic hips were divided into three groups: superolateral OA, concentric OA, and medial OA. In light of the anatomo-roentgenographic characteristics this study proposes a new classification of osteoarthritis based on the direction of migration of the femoral head. Analysis of the data has highlighted the extreme polymorphism which characterizes the course and evolution of osteoarthritis and the serious modifications brought about in the hip-joint region. The clinical impression at the conclusion of this study is of a direct correlation between primary alterations of parameters of the hip and development of osteoarthritis.
The Morphobiomechanics of the Hip
Authors: Laforgia R. , Specchiulli F. , Solarino G. , Nitti L. , Mastrosimone N. , Savino G. , Pellicani N. 
Published: May 2019

In this first, introductory study we established the parameters with which to develop an in-depth study of the mechanical interpretation of roentgenographic images of osteoarthritic hips. Our choice of parameters, and in fact our whole approach, parted from the theories of morphobiomechanics advanced by Pauwels and by Bombelli
Is the RM- Uncemented Coated Acetabular Cup a Reliable Component in Total Hip Replacement?
Authors: Avai A. , Bombelli M. 
Published: May 2019

From August 1987 to the Ist of March 1993 1,477 RM.-isoelastic, uncemented cup components (257 HA, 1,220 Titanium coated) were inserted for T.H.R., matched with the RM- isoelastic and isotitan stem components. At a 4 year mean follow-up (7-1 years) 1,302 cups were clinically and radiographically assessed; 6.2% of cups could not be controlled, because at follow-up time the patients had died; 5.6% could not be traced. All the cups were fixed with 3.2 mm peripheral screws (mean number of screws: 6). The cups more than 60 mm in diameter were fixed with 2 additional cancellous (6.5 mm) screws. The Charnley score is: - 9 - (97.5%) - 8- (2.43%); 1 cup was removed because of infection (0.07%); 3 cups were revised because of malposition and reinserted in proper position. The results with a similar number of RM.-uncoated cups, fixed with only one or two screws from 1979 to 1985, at a mean 4 year follow-up were: 7% revision and 9% impending loosening. Even bone reaction at the bone-cup interface signifies no osteolisis, neither around the cup nor around the screws. The satisfactory clinical results suggest to proceed with the use of this cup
Extracapsular Hip Fractures Treated with the Titanium Captured Hip Screw System
Authors: Caniggia M. , Maniscalco P. , Picinotti A. , Bocchi L. 
Published: May 2019

The Authors discuss their experience with the titanium captured hip screw system for extracapsular fractures. The present review of the results is based on a case group of 93 patients treated with this method at the Orthopedic and Trauma Clinic of the University of Siena, Italy, from March 1991 to August 1993.
Avascular Necrosis in Congenital Dislocation of the Hip: Long-Term Results and Proposed new Classification
Authors: Specchiulli F. , Scialpi L. , Solarino G. , Laforgia R. 
Published: May 2019

A new classification is proposed for post-reduction necrosis of the femoral epiphysis based on retrospective analysis of 54 cases with a mean follow-up of 15 years. Necrosis can be divided under two main headings: A) partial, involving only the epiphysis B) total, involving the metaphyseal cartilage. Four total forms have been identified: B1: eventually resulting in coxa valga B2: eventually resulting in a short stubby neck, oval head and coxa magna B3: eventually resulting in coxa vara and severe acetabular dysplasia B4: eventually resulting in hypoplasia of the whole hip joint. This classification system comprises all the aspects of necrosis, while at the same time providing guidelines for treatment and long-term planning.
The in vitro Measurement of Bone-Cement Interface Pressures and Shear Strengths in the Femur: A Comparison of two Cementation Methods
Authors: Ward A. J. , Smith E. J. , Barlow J. W. , Powell A. , Halawa M. , Learmonth I. D. 
Published: May 2019

Two differing cementation methods were investigated in an in vitro simulation of hip arthroplasty. The bone-cement interface pressures were recorded during cement injection and stem insertion in matched pairs of fresh cadaveric femora. Reduced viscosity cement injected with a cement gun and proximal seal was compared with injection of high viscosity cement and finger-packing in each pair. The resultant shear strength of the bone-cement interface was measured by push-out tests. Results were analysed using the Wilcoxon ranked sum test for paired samples. The Exeter method of cementation produced significantly higher mean and maximum pressures above the bleeding pressure of femoral bone at all interface levels during cement injection. This was associated with significantly greater mean shear strengths. The authors conclude that the Exeter pressurization system for cementation overcomes the effect of femoral bone bleeding and improves the quality of the bone-cement interface. This may contribute to reduction in the incidence of loosening in cement hip arthroplasty.