bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Семантическая сегментация осиновых и березовых древостоев на RGB-изображениях с БПЛА при помощи сверточных нейронных сетей
Authors: И.А. Пестунов , Р.А. Калашников , С.А. Рылов 
Published: October 2024

Исследуется возможность автоматического выделения и классификации осиновых и березовых насаждений на RGB-изображениях сверхвысокого пространственного разрешения, полученных с беспилотного летательного аппарата. Для решения задачи семантической сегментации проведено сравнение работы сверточных нейронных сетей на основе различных архитектур: U-Net, FPN, PSPNet, Linknet, DeepLabV3, DeepLabV3+. Результаты показали, что архитектуры DeepLabV3+ и модификации U-Net с Inception-блоками позволяют получить наилучшие результаты семантической сегментации, достигая наиболее высоких значений метрик качества IoU (∼0.83) и F-score (∼0.91).
The problem of determining the species composition for forest stands using remote sensing data has been attracting significant attention for decades. The relevance of this problem is due to the constant improvement and development of remote sensing tools and technologies including the intensive spread of unmanned imagery technologies in recent years. Remote sensing based on small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a rapidly developing techno logy. Compared to manned aircraft, UAVs are an easy-to-use and low-cost tool for remote sensing of forests. Survey cameras mounted on UAVs allow data collection even in cloudy conditions. UAVs can produce flexible temporal resolution and extremely high (up to several centimeters) spatial resolution of images, where tree features can be seen at the level of branches and even leaves. Therefore, not only spectral features but also spatial (textural and geometric) features play a significant role in tree species recognition in ultra-high spatial resolution images. Currently, the most effective approach to analyse high spatial resolution aerospace images is to apply deep learning methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This is due to the fact that CNNs are specifically designed to analyse spatial patterns and they don’t require “manual” extraction of spatial features. Unlike traditional image segmentation and recognition algorithms, CNNs provide the ability to analyse spectral and spatial features of objects in an image jointly. The paper investigates the possibility of automatic identification and classification of aspen and birch stands in RGB images of ultra-high spatial resolution obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles. To solve the problem of semantic segmentation we compared the performance of convolutional neural networks based on different architectures: U-Net, FPN, PSPNet, Linknet, DeepLabV3, DeepLabV3+. The results showed that DeepLabV3+ architecture and modifications of U-Net with Inception-blocks allow to achieve the best results of semantic segmentation, reaching the highest values of IoU (∼0.83) and F-score (∼0.91) quality metrics.
The Precautionary Principle of Running Foundation Activities In the Perspective of the Foundation Law and the National Criminal Code
Authors: Zulfiani Anita , Wibowo Nabila Alinka 
Published: October 2024

<p>This research aims to examine the principle of prudence in managing Foundation activities. The urgency of this research is so that the foundation can maintain its sustainability, develop, and be able to provide broad benefits according to the objectives of its establishment. This research uses qualitative methods with a statutory and conceptual approach. The novelty of this research is that in managing Foundation activities, the precautionary principle is required. The results of this research are the principle of prudence in carrying out Foundation activities consisting of Firstly, in managing the Foundation, it must always be guided by applicable legal provisions to avoid problems, whether problems in the form of civil disputes or criminal violations. Second, it must based on the principle of non-profit oriented, where foundations are not prohibited from running business entities, but the results are aimed at the interests of society and the sustainability of the Foundation to succeed in its social goals, because the Foundation is not oriented towards profit or gain, but rather towards benefit. Third, the organs of the Foundation must avoid conflicts of interest that could harm the interests of the Foundation and other parties. Fourth, foundations must apply the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), namely: independence, transparency, accountability, and fairness.</p>
ОЦЕНКА БЮДЖЕТНЫХ РАСХОДОВ НА СОЦИАЛЬНУЮ ПОЛИТИКУ ГОСУДАРСТВА ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ И РОСТА КОЛИЧЕСТВА СЕМЕЙНЫХ ЯЧЕЕК
Authors: ЕВДОКИМОВ ДМИТРИЙ СЕРГЕЕВИЧ , АКСЕНОВА ЕЛЕНА СЕРГЕЕВНА , КАТАСОНОВА КРИСТИНА АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА 
Published: October 2024

Проведенное исследование затрагивает национальные и федеральные проекты, финансируемые из государственного бюджета, которые, в первую очередь, направлены на повышение рождаемости, благосостояние молодых семей с детьми и стимулирование проводимой социальной политики государством. За основу исследования были взяты показатели государственной поддержки семей с детьми и дальнейшей оценкой их влияния на рождаемость и динамику создания семейных ячеек. В данной статье использованы общенаучные методы: экономический анализ, синтез, дедукция, индукция, классификация, исторический и логический анализ. Цель исследования заключалась в оценке эффективности государственной поддержки семей с детьми, анализе динамики бракоразводных процессов и коэффициентов рождаемости, а также формировании сводных выводов в виде рекомендаций на основе собранной статистической базы. Авторами был проведен анализ статистической информации бракоразводных процессов, направленный на выявление факторов снижения рождаемости. На данный момент в брак вступают молодые люди, рожденные в 90-е годы, когда был один из самых низких показателей рождаемости. Коэффициент рождаемости в 1990 г. составлял 1,89 единиц, а к 1999 г. упал до 1,16 единиц, таким образом среднее значение составляет 1,42 единицы в период с 1990 по 1999 гг. В связи с этим численность данной возрастной группы серьезно сократилась по сравнению с предыдущими десятилетиями, что приводит к еще меньшему числу новорожденных в новых семьях и дальнейшему снижению значений демографических показателей. Проведенное исследование показывает, что наибольшее число браков среди мужчин и женщин заключается в возрасте от 18 до 34 лет, однако среди мужчин выявлено предпочтение к браку после 25 лет, в то время как среди женщин наблюдается тенденция к замужеству в более молодом возрасте. Суммарные коэффициенты рождаемости демонстрируют колебания с последующим снижением: с 1,57 в 2010 году и 1,78 в 2015 году, далее спад до 1,50 в 2020 году. Опросы показали, что большинство россиян поддерживает идею помощи всем семьям с детьми, хотя мнения по поводу необходимости такой поддержки различаются в зависимости от возраста. Собранная аналитическая база демонстрирует, что с 2020 года заметно выросли расходы на социальные пособия, особенно на материнские выплаты, отмечая их значительное увеличение в 2021 году. Несмотря на это, изменилось отношение женщин к материнству, которое напрямую влияет на показатели рождаемости – женщины стали откладывать планы по рождению детей.
В статье предпринята попытка сформулировать рекомендации для решения некоторых демографических вопросов, которые могли бы улучшить нынешний негативный тренд в России, особо подчеркнута актуальность вопросов социальной политики государства, обеспечения семей всем необходимым для комфортных условий жизни, способствующих повышению рождаемости в целом по стране.
Degree Apprenticeship Education for Future Engineering Leaders: Developing reflective practice with work-based learning.
Authors: Angliss Katy 
Published: October 2024

The significant growth in demand and offerings for degree apprenticeships (DA) since their introduction by the UK Government in 2014 is shaping the development of the workplace learning environment. In support of this, educational reflective practices within the workplace, together with associated academic credit requires greater research focus. For level 7 postgraduate degree students, it is relevant to examine enhancing reflective practices for work-based learning and in doing so, this paper focuses on a specific Engineering Business Management Degree Apprenticeship case study. This research discusses the outcomes for students resulting from the postgraduate DA course, with an emphasis on their work-based learning and reflective practices, investigating the research question “how can an apprenticeship degree integrate work-based learning with reflective practice?” A sample group of students close to graduation were chosen for the intervention and asked two question types covering their positive experiences and potential improvement areas for informing future practice.

The positive findings highlighted the benefits of work-based learning and reflective practice for the degree apprenticeship, including the application of learning directly into the workplace and the addition of skills and behaviour competencies, whilst still achieving the master’s level knowledge and learning competencies. Potential improvement areas focus on the challenges of understanding reflective learning in the workplace, the work-life balance combining further education and finally the additional support required from employees. The resulting recommendations for academics and course leaders encompass achieving reflective learning within the curriculum, designing courses to reflect the student’s time demands when including work-based learning, designing for the KSB’s (Knowledge, skills and behaviours) and understanding the wider student network of employer and workplace environment.
Students' readiness for blended learning in UK higher education
Authors: Wakenshaw Susan , Agg Chloe , Yang Lifan 
Published: October 2024

Blended learning has become a standard approach in higher education post-Covid, but its effectiveness and learning outcomes are significantly impacted by student readiness. Existing research focuses only on students' attitudes towards blended learning or teachers' readiness. This study employs a service ecosystem perspective, examining students' broader cognitive, emotional, interactional, and motivational readiness within the learning ecosystem.

Using qualitative methods, semi-structured interviews with ten Chinese-origin students at the University of Warwick were conducted to explore their blended learning experiences. The research draws insights from both organizational and individual levels, unveiling factors influencing students' blended learning readiness. Moreover, it delves into the implications of cognitive, emotional, interactional, and motivational readiness within the UK higher education ecosystem.

The study enriches the theoretical understanding of students' blended learning readiness within the learning ecosystem. Managerially, it highlights the need for a refined two-way feedback system to align with students' expectations. Collecting detailed online learning records, such as video engagement and comments, enables tailored content creation. Leveraging technology enhances interactivity; teachers can share relevant short videos to quickly introduce course concepts. Technological advancements can also optimize platform connectivity, resolving issues promptly and enhancing communication among stakeholders. At the institutional level, universities should offer IT training for teachers and management, coupled with teaching and learning guideline development. This multifaceted approach ensures preparedness for blended learning, fostering an effective and engaging educational environment.
The Quality Test of Utilization of Palm Oil Solid Waste As a Raw Material For Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) For Alternative Fuels.
Authors: Imam Gunadi Gathut , Dahmir Dahlan  
Published: October 2024

The use of palm oil solid waste as a raw material for refuse derived fuel (RDF) is a promising alternative to overcome environmental and energy problems. This study aims to test the quality of RDF produced from palm solid waste by paying attention to the composition of the mixture and treatment method through quantitative experimental methods, which are divided into two stages: processing and quality testing. The results showed that the average calorific value of RDF reached 4,216.75 cal/g, moisture content 10.76%, ash content 4.37%, volatile matter 58.11%, and fixed carbon 26.75%, all of which showed great potential as an alternative energy source. Although the RDF calorific value of palm solid waste is higher than the industry standard, the moisture content and ash content are still below international standards, and the calorific value is slightly below the SNI class 1 standard but higher than that of class 2 and 3. These findings indicate that RDF from palm oil solid waste has the potential to be a good quality alternative fuel.
Chemokine profile in the serum of patients with leptospirosis
Authors: Mariano Iago H. de Miranda , Blanco Roberta M. , de Souza Camila Eulalio , de Freitas Geovanna Silva , Ho Paulo Lee , Martins Elizabeth A. L. , Romero Eliete C. , da Silva Josefa B. 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionLeptospirosis is a global zoonosis that affects more than one million people per year, with a lethality rate of approximately 15%. Chemokines are crucial in the immune response against Leptospira, recruiting leukocytes to the site of infection and regulating immune activity. In previous studies, we have shown that CCL2, CXCL5, and CCL8 are involved in the leptospirosis process, although the mechanisms are not understood. MethodsIn this study, we present the frequency of Leptospira serovars in human samples. We then evaluated the profile of various chemokines in sera from patients diagnosed with leptospirosis, assessing the possible correlation between them. Moreover, we evaluated the changes in the chemokine profile on different days after the first symptoms. The frequency of the Leptospira serovars in human samples is presented. Results and discussionThe main findings were that CCL5, CXCL5, and CXCL9 are highly expressed during leptospirosis, indicating a special role of these molecules in the immunity and pathogenesis of the disease. The correlation analysis of detected chemokines CXCL11, CXCL9, CCL3, and CCL2 helps to clarify the role of each cytokine in leptospirosis. The possible use of CCL5 as a biomarker for complementary diagnosis of the disease is suggested.
Investigating the mechanisms of resveratrol in the treatment of gouty arthritis through the integration of network pharmacology and metabolics
Authors: Xu Xiaomin , Yu Donghua , Wang Yu , Jiang Xin , Lu Fang , Liu Shumin 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study integrates network pharmacology and metabolomics techniques to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of Res on gouty arthritis (GA).MethodsNetwork pharmacology was used to predict the mechanism of Res in regulating GA, and methods such as HE staining, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, Real-time PCR, Western blot, and molecular docking were used to verify the role of NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK/STAT inflammatory signaling pathways in the MSU-induced GA rat model. In addition, non-targeted metabolomics techniques were combined to further investigate the mechanism of Res in treating GA.ResultsThe results of network pharmacology showed that Res may exert its therapeutic effects through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Animal experiments demonstrated that in the MSU-induced GA rat model, pathological damage, serum biochemical indicators, and levels of inflammatory factors were significantly increased, and the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated. The intervention of Res significantly reduced pathological damage, serum biochemical indicators, levels of inflammatory factors, and the activation of NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in the model rats. Metabolomics results showed that Res could improve the metabolic trajectory deviations in serum and joint fluid of GA model rats. Through related metabolic pathway analysis, the most affected metabolic pathways were found to be Sphingolipid metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, Pantothenate and CoA, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), and Arachidonic acid metabolism.ConclusionResveratrol can regulate the biosynthetic pathways of arachidonic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, pantothenic acid and CoA biosynthesis pathways, TCA cycle, and other metabolic pathways, thereby regulating the NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways, and inhibiting the acute inflammatory response during GA attacks, showing characteristics of multi-pathway and multi-target action.
Development of a core predictor set of weaning in critically ill patients: a Delphi-based study protocol
Authors: Wang Danqiong , He Linya , Chen Yan , Pan Keqi , Wu Meng , Zhou Meng , Zhang Weiwen , Mei Zubing , Zhang Guozheng 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionProlonged mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs) leads to increased morbidity, higher mortality rates, and elevated healthcare costs. Predicting successful weaning from mechanical ventilation with accuracy is essential for optimizing resource use and improving patient outcomes. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework offers a holistic perspective on health conditions and can be adapted to identify key predictors of weaning readiness. This study aims to develop a Delphi-based core predictor set for weaning in critically ill patients, utilizing the ICF model.Methods and analysisThe core predictor set development comprises three steps: (1) Literature review and expert consultation to gather weaning predictors, (2) Predictor alignment with ICF categories per established rules, and (3) Three-round Delphi survey with a multidisciplinary team. A systematic review across major databases will be conducted to identify predictors related to weaning predictors in critically ill adults from cohort studies, trials, and reviews. Predictors will then be categorized within ICF domains. A multidisciplinary expert panel will evaluate the relevance of each predictor using a 9-point Likert scale to achieve consensus.DiscussionThis study will contribute to the development of a standardized, evidence-based predictor set for weaning readiness in critically ill patients. Using the ICF framework, this study aims to encompass the complex factors that influence weaning, thereby enabling personalized care plans and improving weaning outcomes. The Delphi methodology guarantees a thorough, iterative process for building consensus by integrating diverse clinical perspectives.ConclusionThe proposed Delphi-based study protocol aims to establish a core set of predictors for weaning in the ICU setting, guided by the ICF model. Successful implementation of this predictor set could enhance decision-making around weaning trials, reduce unnecessary ventilation days, and ultimately improve patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. Future validation and implementation studies will be essential to confirm the utility and generalizability of this predictor set in clinical practice.
Bibliometric and visualization analysis in the field of epigenetics and glioma (2009–2024)
Authors: Zeng Yijun , Tao Ge , Zeng Yong , He Jihong , Cao Hui , Zhang Lushun 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionGlioma represents the most prevalent primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system, a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms driving glioma is imperative for guiding future treatment strategies. Emerging evidence has implicated a close relationship between glioma development and epigenetic regulation. However, there remains a significant lack of comprehensive summaries in this domain. This study aims to analyze epigenetic publications pertaining to gliomas from 2009 to 2024 using bibliometric methods, consolidate the extant research, and delineate future prospects for investigation in this critical area.MethodsFor the purpose of this study, publications spanning the years 2009 to 2024 were extracted from the esteemed Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Utilizing advanced visualization tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer, comprehensive data pertaining to various aspects including countries, authors, author co-citations, countries/regions, institutions, journals, cited literature, and keywords were systematically visualized and analyzed.ResultsA thorough analysis was conducted on a comprehensive dataset consisting of 858 publications, which unveiled a discernible trend of steady annual growth in research output within this specific field. The nations of the United States, China, and Germany emerged as the foremost contributors to this research domain. It is noteworthy that von Deimling A and the Helmholtz Association were distinguished as prominent authors and institutions, respectively, in this corpus of literature. A rigorous keyword search and subsequent co-occurrence analysis were executed, ultimately leading to the identification of seven distinct clusters: “epigenetic regulation”, “DNA repair”, “DNA methylation”, “brain tumors”, “diffuse midline glioma (DMG)”, “U-87 MG” and “epigenomics”. Furthermore, an intricate cluster analysis revealed that the primary foci of research within this field were centered around the exploration of glioma pathogenesis and the development of corresponding treatment strategies.ConclusionThis article underscores the prevailing trends and hotspots in glioma epigenetics, offering invaluable insights that can guide future research endeavors. The investigation of epigenetic mechanisms primarily centers on DNA modification, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and histone modification. Furthermore, the pursuit of overcoming temozolomide (TMZ) resistance and the exploration of diverse emerging therapeutic strategies have emerged as pivotal avenues for future research within the field of glioma epigenetics.