bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The trajectory of a transnational
right to

land
norm
Authors: Gerken Laura 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In conflicts around land usage, vulnerable groups are often threatened by dispossession of their land. Governance structures that protect both individual and collective land rights are thus necessary. To counter such risks, social movements engaged towards the establishment of a right to land norm in transnational governance. Building on literature on norm emergence, this paper exemplifies the involvement of activists in the creation process of two transnational regulations that address land: The Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention No. 169 of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in 1989 and the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries, and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT) of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations in 2012. Both documents emerged in response to increasing global awareness of each specific issue. In the case of ILO 169, rising awareness of social inequality and discrimination of indigenous peoples and in the case of the VGGT the rapidly growing global land market. The paper reflects on the importance of timing, engagement, and discourse in creating norms and embedding them in global governance.
The Impact of Financing and Business Assistance on the Business Income of Islamic Bank Clients
Authors: Mochammad Aldiyansyah  , Nasrulloh  
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the impact of financing and business assistance provided by Islamic banks on client business income, so that it can help clients to get better income. Achieving this goal is important to evaluate the effectiveness of financing products and Islamic bank assistance programs so that they can support the development of MSMEs, help increase client income so that they are able to complete transactions with Islamic banks more quickly, and encourage the optimization of the role of Islamic banks in empowering the community's economy according to the principles of Islamic finance. This research is a type of quantitative research in which the impact between variables will be discussed. The sample in this study amounted to 48 Islamic bank clients who were determined based on the research criteria. The data that has been collected will be processed using the SPSS v. 27 statistical tool to conduct the validity and reliability test, then classical assumption test, followed by the F-test, T-test, multiple regression analysis, and coefficient of determination (R²). The results of this study indicate that financing and business assistance have a significant impact of 68.7% on the business income of Islamic bank clients. This shows that if financing and business assistance continue to be given to clients, the clients opportunity to get a better income will be wide open and the client will be able to immediately pay the rest of the loan on time
Metaphorical Representation of Future in British Political Discourse<b></b>
Authors: Solopova Olga A. 
Published: November 2024

The present paper is concerned with metaphors used to create the image of the future in the British political discourse “General Election-2001”. The analysis focuses on a) some metaphors used to create the image of the future and its periods (“near future” - “distant future”), b) frequency of metaphorical models used to create the image of future and its periods, and e) correlation of metaphorical representations of future and its periods. The research is based on the cognitive linguistic theory of metaphor first expounded by G. Lakoff but also draws useful insights from other explorations dealing with the prospective function of political discourse (D. Graber, E. Lassan, A . Chudinov, T. Shmeleva, etc.). The conclusion is that the most frequent metaphor models used in portraying the “near future” are war, disease and family relationships in conceptualising the “distant future”– journey, architecture and disease. The results of the study show that the metaphorical representation of the future is that the mass media and politicians use frequent and efficient means in the British political discourse “General Election-2001“.
Enhance heat transfer in collector fitted with V-cut and Square-cut twisted tape
Authors: Mutar Duraid Majeed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMany countries are moving towards investing in solar energy, and concentrated solar energy presents one of the most important of these sources, as it is currently attracting many efforts to enhance its exploitation. Parabolic trough collectors are an emerging technology. The decrease in solar energy, changes in atmospheric conditions, and the limitation of the basin area, all of these factors lead to decrease in a thermal energy gained by an endothermic tube, and thus lead to decrease in a thermal performance of a collector. The goal of the presented study is to improve heat transfer in the endothermic tube. Experimental study had been carried out in order to study friction factor and heat transfer for a parabolic trough receiver.
Awareness of community-led total sanitation and its impact on sanitation among residents of Kilifi and Marsabit Counties, Kenya
Authors: Omufwoko Tobias Mbeya , Odongo Alfred Owino , Karama Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Background: Community-based strategy known as community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is frequently employed to address open defecation and the health issues it causes. Inadequate sanitation is one of the biggest health and environmental problems in the world, contributing to approximately 775,000 deaths per year. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of community-led total sanitation (CLTS) and its impact on sanitation among communities in Kilifi and Marsabit Counties in Kenya.
Methods: The study adopted a comparative study design. Purposive and multistage sampling were used to recruit study respondents in this study. Fischer's formula was used to determine the sample size for this investigation where 811 study participants were enlisted for the research. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to estimate the impact of CLTS intervention on sanitation status. A significance level of 0.05 was employed as the threshold for all tests conducted in this study.
Results: From this study, Among those fully conversant with CLTS, 98% resided in Kilifi County; 77% in Marsabit were fully aware of CLTS. The majority(87.7%) of the study respondents were fully aware of CLTS. Despite CLTS intervention resulting in a 42% increase in households owning a sanitation facility, There was no significant statistical association between CLTS intervention and sanitation status (t=0.42, p=0.0835).
Conclusion: The study established that the level of awareness of CLTS in both counties was high. The results from this study demonstrated that CLTS intervention programs had an impact on sanitation levels in Kilifi and Marsabit counties.
Optimization of Chinese Postman Problem Using Fuzzy-Based Priority Weighted Graph
Authors: Yadav Jay Chandra , Rizwanullah Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

: In the early 1960s, Chinese mathematician Mei-Ko Kwan (M. Guan) introduced a method aimed at minimizing mail carriers’ route lengths. This method led to the exploration of various formulations of the Chinese Postman Problem (CPP), resulting in at least eight distinct formulations. In response to a practical concern, a new problem formulation called the Priority Constrained Chinese Postman Problem (PCCPP) emerged. In PCCPP, a linear order is provided for a set of significant nodes, and the objective is to traverse all edges at least once while prioritizing the prompt visitation of higher-priority nodes. This paper presents a modified approach to Chinese Postman Problems (CPP) using priorities in a fuzzy environment ranking function applied to priority nodes in CPP to get the optimal result. Finally, this paper also illustrates and justifies the implementation of the modified approach with a numerical problem. The consideration of multi-factors in a multi-graph with priorities gives another scope of research.
JEL Codes: C44
Received: 18/07/2024. Accepted: 29/09/2024. Published: 13/10/2024.
US State Recreational and Medical Cannabis Delivery Laws, 2024
Authors: Ebling Todd , Azagba Sunday , Hall Mark , Jensen Jessica King 
Published: November 2024

Objectives. To provide a legal epidemiology review of state-level policies that regulate the direct delivery of recreational and medical cannabis in the United States. Methods. We conducted a comprehensive review to identify all relevant policies as of July 1, 2024. Specifically, we developed a coding scheme to capture laws governing (1) direct delivery of recreational cannabis, (2) licensing for direct delivery of recreational cannabis, (3) direct delivery of medical cannabis to qualifying patients, and (4) medical cannabis delivery solely from caregivers to qualified patients. Results. Fourteen states authorized the direct delivery of recreational cannabis to adults. Twenty-six states and the District of Columbia permitted the direct delivery of medical cannabis to qualifying patients. Twelve states allowed the delivery of medical cannabis to patients exclusively through caregivers. There were numerous variations in the licensing and authorization of recreational and medical cannabis delivery. Conclusions. States varied in how the delivery of cannabis was regulated. Public Health Implications. A comprehensive review of state-level policies on cannabis delivery highlights the diverse approaches and their implications for recreational and medical cannabis access. ( Am J Public Health. 2025;115(2):178–190. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307874 )
Does energy poverty affect the sustainable development of water resources？—Empirical Evidence from China
Authors: Fang Zhong , Xiao Qiqi , Ye Zi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Energy poverty and water resources development, as one of the global Sustainable development Goals, are also one of the keys to achieving sustainable development and social welfare in China. In this study, this paper constructs a two-stage dynamic DDF model to evaluate the efficiency of water resources sustainable development, and studies the dynamic efficiency level of water resources sustainable development and its regional differences. At the same time, a multidimensional energy poverty index evaluation system was established, the entropy weight method was used to measure the energy poverty index, and energy poverty was included in the evaluation system of the efficiency of sustainable development of water resources, and the changes in the efficiency of sustainable development of water resources were observed when there was no energy poverty.
Enhancing low-voltage ride-through capability of wind turbine based double-fed induction generator using ANFIS controller and crowbar circuit
Authors: Abdelaal Ashraf , El-Fergany Attia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The ultimate target of this paper is to increase the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) of the Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by wind turbine. This task is realized, initially, by inserting a crowbar circuit (CB) into rotor circuit, in case of voltage dip (VD), to guard it from high current and high voltage that could result from the transient flux produced by the VD. In case of no CB circuit, the system may be vulnerable to instability. Secondly, an ANFIS-controller is proposed to control both the rotor side converter (RSC) and the grid side converter (GSC). While the RSC controller regulates the electromagnetic torque, the GSC controller control both the real power and reactive power delivered to the system during normal operation conditions beside with it keeps the value of the dc link voltage fixed. To enhance the LVRT capabilities, the GSC is controlled such that it injects the necessary reactive power required during severe voltage dips to improve the LVRT capability of the DFIG. From the results, it is obvious that the hybrid ANFIS and CB circuit provide an improved LVRT responses in challenging operating conditions and within the acceptable criteria’s.
Computational Simulation of Contact Fatigue Life for a Hypoid Gear Drive
Authors: Lisboa João Pedro Basílio Machado , Júnior Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This paper presents an estimate of the contact fatigue life for a hypoid gear, by finite element method (FEM). The contact stresses are obtained by nom-linear static analysis, using the Abaqus software, along the tooth path of contact, making it possible to determine the region where the greatest stress occurs. The dynamic load spectrum during meshing is obtained through multibody analysis, using the MSC Adams software. Finally, these results are combined with the material's mechanical and fatigue properties in the FE-Safe software, and so the contact fatigue S-N curve (stress - number of cycles) is numerically generated. The results obtained are consistent with the behavioral expectations for the proposed model, as described in the literature.
Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Pinus pumila (Pall) Pinecone Essential Oil against Escherichia coli
Authors: zhou Caixue , Dai Shuxia , Yin Li , Zhuo Yu , Zhao Nannan , Li Dehai , Sun Changyan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this paper was to use Pinus pumila (Pall.) Pinecone from Northeast China to extract essential oils to inhibit Escherichia coli and improve its utilization.
Methods
The study used hydrodistillation to extract essential oil from Pinus pumila (Pall.) pinecone. Inhibition analysis of E.coli using extracted essential oils was evaluated to reveal the inhibitory activity by assessing growth curves, conductivity, nucleic acids, proteins, enzyme activities, and protein synthesis.
Results
The primary constituents, as shown by GC-MS chemical composition study, were α-pinitol, β-pinene and limonene. The results of the bacteriostatic activity indicated that the inhibitory zone (DIZ) had a diameter of 14.93±0.14 mm, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 16.0 µL/mL, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 8.0 µL/mL. Sweeping electron microscopy and laser confocal also demonstrated the disruption of cell wall and cellular enzymes, analyzed by CATase and ATPase activities, which showed a decrease in enzyme activity, and SDS-PAGE analysis showed its ability to inhibit protein synthesis, which leads to cellular damage.
Conclusion
The present study emphasizes the sustainable use of Pinus pumila (Pall.) Pinecone for economic opening of food preservation in addition to inhibition of spoilage bacteria.
Optical coherent perfect absorption and amplification in a time-varying medium
Authors: Galiffi Emanuele , Harwood Anthony , Vezzoli Stefano , Tirole Romain , Alu Andrea , Sapienza Riccardo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Time-invariant photonic structures amplify or absorb light based on their intrinsic material gain or loss. The coherent interference of multiple beams in space, e.g., in a resonator, can be exploited to tailor the wave interaction with material gain or loss, respectively maximizing lasing or coherent perfect absorption. By contrast, a time-varying system is not bound to conserve energy, even in the absence of material gain or loss, and can support amplification or absorption of a probe wave through parametric phenomena. Here, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally how a subwavelength film of indium tin oxide, whose bulk permittivity is homogeneously and periodically modulated via optical pumping, can be dynamically tuned to act both as a non-resonant amplifier and a perfect absorber, by manipulating the relative phase of two counterpropagating probe beams. This extends the concept of coherent perfect absorption to the temporal domain. We interpret this result as selective switching between the gain and loss modes present in the momentum bandgap of a periodically modulated medium. By tailoring the relative intensity of the two probes, high-contrast modulation can be achieved with up to 80% absorption and 400% amplification. Our results demonstrate control of gain and loss in time-varying media at optical frequencies and pave the way towards coherent manipulation of light in Floquet-engineered complex photonic systems.
Synthesis of Iron Oxide/Activated Hydrochar Composite from Residual Brewery Biomass for Remediation of Water Contaminated with Chlorophenol
Authors: Kopp Matias , Anabalón Pedro , Rocha Sebastian , Gonzalez María Eugenia , Romero-García juan Miguel , Castro Eulogio , Cea Mara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The study aimed to develop an iron oxide/activated hydrochar composite (FeOHC) to remove 2-chlorophenol from water through adsorption or oxidation processes. Two preparation methods were used: (1) incipient wetness impregnation of biomass via hydrothermal carbonization, and (2) coprecipitation of iron oxide on the hydrochar surface (FeOHC-C). Both materials were activated at 400°C under nitrogen. Characterization revealed mesoporous structures with surface areas of 44–66 m² g⁻¹ and magnetite presence. Adsorption experiments showed a capacity of 7.71 and 5.14 mg g⁻¹ within 24 hours, with the Elovich model best describing the kinetics. Equilibrium adsorption ranged from 24.63 to 18.70 mg g⁻¹, with FeOHC showing the highest capacity, fitting the Sips isotherm model. Thermodynamic analysis suggested a physical adsorption process. Fenton reactions demonstrated faster removal at pH 3.0, while reusability tests confirmed the materials could act as both adsorbents and self-regenerative catalysts for water remediation.
Are LLMs capable of understanding sarcastic conversations? MuKX: architecture for understanding sarcasm
Authors: Tiwari Paras , Shrivastava Arindam , Chowdary C Ravindranath 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) for understanding natural language makes us believe to be the de-facto standard for natural language processing tasks. In practice, natural language conversations are not limited to monolingual conversations. A significant number of internet users are multi-lingual. Such multi-lingual userbase has led to exponential growth in code-mix text content. In this study, inclusive of monolingual we evaluate the true capabilities and weaknesses of LLMs for understanding sarcastic code-mix conversations on the internet. Considering the morphological linguistic features of sarcastic instance, we have proposed an Ensemble-learning inspired novel architecture, MuKX. MuKX outperforms the state-of-the-art code-mix by 12.68% and monolingual by 8.42%. MuKX is a continuous effort, and we will expand it with more low-resource languages and tasks.
Securing Fog Computing in Healthcare with a Zero Trust Approach and Blockchain
Authors: Kaur Navjeet , Mittal Ayush , Lilhore Umesh Kumar , Simaiya Sarita , Dalal Surjeet , Saleem Kashif , Ghith Ehab seif 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

As healthcare systems increasingly adopts fog computing to improve responsiveness and data processing at the edge, security challenges associated with decentralized architectures become more pronounced. The traditional security models, reliant on defined perimeters, are ill-suited for the dynamic and open nature of fog environments, where sensitive data traverses multiple nodes, creating potential vulnerabilities. This paper proposes a novel security framework combining Blockchain (BC) and Software Defined Network (SDN) technologies underpinned by Zero Trust (ZT) principles, specifically designed using fog networks. This model integrates BC to ensure immutable and traceable transaction logs, while SDN provides dynamic and adaptable network configuration to enforce comprehensive access controls and real-time threat management. The primary advantage of our approach is the robust enhancement of security across the fog network by adopting a ZT architecture that never inherently trusting any node and requiring continuous verification of all network interactions. This method drastically reduces potential attack vectors. Furthermore, the synergy between BC and SDN enables decentralized, auditable, and flexible security management capable of adapting to evolving threats instantaneously. Finally, experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in Intrusion Detection Rates (IDR) by 40%, system responsiveness to security threats improved by 35%, and Data Integrity (DI) enhanced by 30%. These findings underscore the efficacy of the proposed framework in fortifying the security of fog networks, marking it as a vital upgrade for secure and efficient operations in modern healthcare environments.
Allelic variation at a single locus distinguishes spring and winter faba beans
Authors: Jayakodi Murukarthick , Zhang Hailin , Windhorst Alex , Bornhofen Elesandro , Tulpova Zuzana , Novak Petr , Macas Jiri , Simkova Hana , Nadzieja Marcin , Kim Jung Min , Cram Dustin , Cao Yongguo , Konkin David , Sass Olaf , Welna Gregor , Himmelbach Axel , Mascher Martin , Link Wolfgang , Kwon Soon-Jae , Andersen Stig , Yang Tae-Jin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Winter faba beans exhibit significant yield advantages over spring cultivars and hold promise for enhancing local protein production and agricultural sustainability. However, the threat of winter kill limits wider cultivation and the genetics of faba bean winter hardiness remain unresolved. Here, we develop a highly improved faba bean reference genome and combine this with resequencing and phenotyping of winter and spring faba bean accessions to identify genetic determinants of winter hardiness. Genome-wide association analysis of frost tolerance traits identifies a major winter hardiness locus where the most strongly associated variant explains the vast majority of phenotypic variation and accurately differentiates between winter and spring types. Furthermore, we identify additional signals within the winter faba bean gene pool that pave the way for further improvement of winter hardiness. Our work provides improved genomic resources and resolves the genetics of a key agronomic trait in a global protein crop to facilitate future breeding efforts.
Knowledge Distillation with Applications to Interpretable Arabic Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Diwali Arwa , Saeedi Kawther , Dashtipour Kia , Gogate Mandar , Hussain Amir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Sentiment analysis stands as a focal point in the current landscape of natural language processing research with deep neural network models as being prevalent tools of choice. While these models have exhibited noteworthy performance, their intricate nature frequently renders them akin to black boxes, resulting in a lack of transparency regarding the internal mechanisms of the sentiment classification process. The lack of interpretability in such models raises concerns regarding the reliance on outcomes from opaque systems. This study introduces an approach for distilling knowledge from complex deep neural network models into simpler and more interpretable ones while maintaining performance and ensuring global interpretability. Three distinct knowledge distillation pipelines are proposed to transfer the knowledge acquired by teacher models, including Long Short-Term Memory, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory, Convolutional Neural Network and AraBERT into Logistic Regression and Decision Tree models. Conducting thorough assessments across three separate datasets for Arabic sentiment analysis, the study’s proposed approach consistently demonstrates performance levels that surpass those of complex models.