bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of storage environment on the crystallinity and compressive load of starch based biodegradable cup
Authors: Garalde R A , Orendain E , Urbona J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of storage environment on the overall crystallinity and compressive load of commercially sold starch based biodegradable cup was determined. Using FTIR and DSC, the components of the cup was identified as starch, polypropylene (PP) and organic acid as compatibilizer. Using TGA, the weight percentage of starch and PP components were 13 and 58%, respectively. The samples were stored 20°C, 80% RH and 40°C, 40% RH for 4 months. Using DSC, the overall crystallinity was evaluated based on the heat of fusion (Hf
). Using XRD, the crystalline structure was evaluated based on peaks and full width at maximum height (FWMH). After 4 months, DSC results showed only one endothermic peak with melting point of ≈165°C at both conditions. The Hf
was remained ≈50 J/g. Based on XRD results, there were no development of new crystalline peaks and the peak FHWM remained unchanged. Initially, the percentage samples below the set limit of compressive load was ≈20%. The percentage below the set limit was ≈40% for samples stored at 20°C, 80% RH, whereas ≈20% for samples stored at 40°C, 40% RH. The 80% RH at 20°C increased the moisture content from 2% to 3.1%. The overall crystallinity remained unchanged after storage. Water became a plasticizer for the starch component. The increase in moisture content could have decreased the compressive load during storage.
Piezoelectric characteristics of inorganic (Na, K, Li) (Nb, Sb, Ta)O3 – (Bi, Na)(Sr)ZrO3 ceramics with sintering time
Authors: Yoo J H , Lee J H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In recent days, the Rhombohedral-Tetragonal (R-T) region composition (Na,K)NbO3 ceramics have been actively studied because of their excellent piezoelectric properties. In this study, in order to develop the ceramics capable of being sintered at low temperature for piezoelectric actuator, 0.97(Na0.52K0.443Li0.037)(Nb0.923Sb0.04 Ta0.037)O3 – 0.03(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.9(Sr)0.1ZrO3 R-T region ceramics were manufactured using the sintering aids of Bi2O3-CuO-Fe2O3 according to sintering time by the conventional solid state method and their piezoelectric and dielectric properties were systematically investigated. At the 9 hour sintering specimens, the excellent physical properties of d33=244pC/N εr=1475, kp=0.44, and Qm=240 were obtained for piezoelectric actuator application.
The research about ultimate load of CFRP repaired pipes under long-term seawater immersion and bending moment
Authors: Xin J H , Zhang Y , Huang Q , Cheng N Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Corrosion is a common failure form for subsea pipes. Corroded pipes are increasingly repaired by the composite material because of the low cost and the simple and quick process. However, the repair will be affected by factors such as long time bending moment and seawater immersion. To study the law of the effect, the bending moment and seawater immersion factors are considered in this paper. For the experiment of CFRP repaired pipes, 14 groups of CFRP-pipe specimens were designed, and 30% bending moment was applied, the seawater concentration 5 times more than that recommended by ASTM D1141-98 (2013) was adopted to accelerate the experiment. The pipe specimens were immersed in seawater for different time period (200 hours, 400 hours, 600 hours and 800 hours). The experimental result showed that the ultimate bending load capacity of the repaired pipe decreases with the increasing of time. To study the reasons for the decrease of the ultimate load of the repaired pipes, CFRP-steel plate and CFRP durability tests were set up, 5 groups of CFRP and 5 groups of CFRP-steel plate specimens were designed. It was found that the decrease of the interfacial bonding strength of CFRP repaired pipe and decrease of the CFRP strength resulted in the decline of ultimate load of repaired pipe.
Research and application of key technology of submersible oil reciprocating pumping unit
Authors: Sun Y A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The submersible oil reciprocating pumping unit is a new generation of rod-less oil recovery equipment for low permeability reservoirs. The optimization and upgrading of key technologies is conducive to its large-scale application and cost reduction and efficiency enhancement. This paper proposes a series of optimization and upgrading methods for the problems existing in oilfield production, including the research of closed-loop control technology based on power carrier communication, the research on harmonic suppression technology of inverter output, and the research and development of wireless IOT remote oil recovery equipment management system. Research on new low-cost clear wax-proof process and intelligent composite material coiled tubing supporting technology. At the same time, indoor and on-site test evaluation is carried out. The effect shows that the new process of optimization and upgrading can improve the reliability, adaptability and economy of the submersible reciprocating pumping unit, laying the foundation for its intelligent, digital and large-scale development. It has certain practical significance.
Photoelectric emission and work function of silver-zinc oxide Ag-ZnO (92/8) pseudo-alloy electrical contacts
Authors: Akbi M , Cherif M’ziane M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Arc roots models require a good knowledge of the physical constants characterizing the contact material used in various kinds of switchgears. Electron work function (EWF) is one of the most important parameters of electron emission for metals and has not yet been studied in detail for pseudo-alloy contact materials. For pure metals, the values of these constants are well known and can easily be found in tables. This is not the case for the new silver-based industrial materials recently available on the market, which are more efficient without the manufacturers knowing the cause. The main goal of this paper is to understand better the photoelectron emission occurring in silver-metal oxide Ag-ZnO (92/8) electrical contacts, before and after several heat treatments from room temperature up to 813 K, under UHV conditions. The photoelectric work function of Ag-ZnO (92/8) pseudo-alloy electrical contacts has been measured by photooelectric effect, using both Fowler’s methods, i.e. isothermal curves method and linearized plots method. It was demonstrated that after several heating treatments in vacuum, the EWF of the silver–zinc oxide, Ag–ZnO (92/8), determined at T = 300 K, is kept within the following interval limits ]ɸ(Ag), ɸ(ZnO)[ = ]4.26 eV, 4.68 eV[. This is due to the evaporation and/or diffusion phenomena which influences the surface composition of the pseudo-alloy electrical contact. Moreover, all the measurements carried out in this study give clearly a demonstrable proof that the EWF of the Ag-ZnO pseudo-alloy should be between the EWF values of each of the two components 4.26 eV for Ag and 4.64 eV for ZnO. Observations and surface analyses carried out under the scanning electron microscope illustrated the development of the surface composition of the Ag-ZnO contact material after several heating treatments in vacuum. Thus, surface analysis of two Ag–ZnO electrical contacts performed before and after VH treatments showed a significant increase of weight proportion for ZnO nanoparticles on the contact surface.
A study on the nonlinear elastic behavior of ballistic gelatin using a rotational rheometer
Authors: Liu L , Ding C , Lu Q Q , Zhang X F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present work was focused on the study of large elastic behavior and constitutive modeling of ballistic gelatin. The simple shear tests were conducted using a rotational rheometer. It is observed that the mechanical parameters of the material should be analyzed directly by the data of rotational angle and torque measured by the rheometer but not the apparent shear stress and strain data provided by the rheometer directly. A hyperelastic constitutive model, a 2-term reduced polynomial strain energy potential, was adopted to describe the nonlinear stress-strain relationship. The material parameters were identified and the dependency of the parameters on the temperature was analyzed. It’s found that the modulus at small deformation decreases with increasing temperature following an approximately linear relationship; while, the modulus at large deformation showed a process of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing temperature.
Feasibility of oxidized soybean oil for rubber devulcanization
Authors: Pegollo C C , Pajarito B B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of using oxidized soybean oil (Ox-SO) for mechano-chemical devulcanization of sulfur-cured natural rubber. A 22 full factorial design of experiment was used to determine the effect of devulcanization time (20, 40 min) and amount of Ox-SO (6, 10 phr) in the crosslink density and sol-gel content of devulcanized VR (DVR). After conductive heating and stirring of soybean oil for 60 h, a peroxide value of 316.3 meq O2 kg−1 oil was achieved which corresponds to approximately 2500 ppm of lipid hydroperoxides. Decreasing the devulcanization time (from 40 to 20 min) and amount of Ox-SO (from 10 to 6 phr) decreased the crosslink density by 71.1% and increased the sol content by 228.2%. The optimum conditions are 20 min of devulcanization time and 6 phr of Ox-SO where the crosslink density of VR is reduced to 6.2×10−5 mol cm−3 and the sol content is 10.2% (control VR crosslink density: 2.1×10−4 mol cm−3, sol content: 3.1% ). In summary, Ox-SO was found to be a feasible agent for rubber devulcanization. DVR blends with virgin rubber are required to assess Ox-SO’s commercial readiness.
Potential anti-corrosion additives derived from waste plastic sachets
Authors: Eugenio F D T , Pajarito B B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Corrosion is a perennial problem that has a significant burden on the economy and environment. Recent studies have suggested that organic fillers can serve as corrosion inhibitors. In this work, the use of comminuted waste plastic sachets (WPS) as an anti-corrosion additive to commercial coating was explored. The effect of WPS lamination and loading on the viscosity, film thickness, and corrosion behavior of a red oxide primer paint was investigated. Results show that the viscosity and film thickness of the coating were only affected by the addition of WPS at high loading. At low loading, comminuted WPS reduced the corrosion rate of the coating by 99%. The presence of metal lamination in WPS contributes to the corrosion resistance of the coating. In conclusion, comminuted WPS demonstrates its potential in enhancing the anti-corrosion properties of coatings.
PVA/CA based electrospun nanofibers: Influence of processing parameters in the fiber diameter
Authors: Teixeira M A , Amorim M T P , Felgueiras H P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recently, the electrospinning technique has been explored as a natural and synthetic polymer processing tool due to its versatility and potential to generate complex structures at a nanoscale. In this work, non-woven nanofibrous mats were electrospun, with a structure resembling the extracellular matrix, for prospective biomedical uses. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and cellulose acetate (CA) based electrospun nanofibrous meshes were prepared at different ratios 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30 and characterized in terms of fiber diameter. The process was kept as green as possible by resorting to a combination of acetic acid and distilled water as solvents. Optimal conditions for PVA/CA processing were established at 29 kV, feeding rate of 0.8 mL/h and distance between needle and collector of 17 cm. These allowed for the most uniform fibers with the smallest diameters to be produced.
Effects of dicumyl peroxide on cell formation of biopolymer blend-activated carbon composite foams
Authors: Aussawasathien D , Ketkul K , Hrimchum K , Threepopnatkul P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Immiscible biopolymer blends of polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) with a weight ratio of 80/20 were compatibilized by different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 parts per hundred resin (phr)) of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) in the presence of 3 phr of activated carbon (AC). Influences of DCP on the melt rheology at foaming temperature, cell formation and morphology and foam properties of PLA-PBS-AC composites using 5 phr of azodicarbonamide (ADC) as a blowing agent were reported. It was found that the melt viscosity, relating to the melt flow index (MFI) of PLA-PBS-AC composite foams increased with increasing DCP loadings due to more compatibility between PLA and PBS. Closed cells with thick cell walls were obtained with the addition of DCP. Also, the cell size and cell density tended to decrease by DCP adding since lower cell expansion and coalescence occurred at higher polymer surface tension. The crystallinity (Xc) and thermal properties of PLA and PBS in composite foams were almost unchanged when DCP was filled in the system. The PLA-PBS-AC composite foam having 0.3 phr of DCP provided the lowest foam density (pf) and the highest void fraction (Vf) of 0.5766 g cm3 and 54% respectively.
In-line rheological properties of rubber toughened Wood Polymer Composites
Authors: Mazzanti V , Malagutti L , Blanchard M , Yi S , Mollica F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Wood Polymer Composites are materials that are more and more used and studied by both academic and industrial research. Although such materials are successfully substituting natural wood in many relevant applications, still some of their drawbacks limit their widespread diffusion. One of these is their brittleness, which can be limited by blending with a toughening agent. In this study we investigated the rheological properties, in terms of the flow curve and the wall slip characteristics, of a toughened Wood Polymer Composite. Testing was performed using an in-line slit rheometer attached directly to a single screw extruder. The material used for the experiments was a blend of polypropylene-based wood polymer composite compound, containing 35 wt.% of wood flour and a suitable thermoplastic elastomer used as a toughening agent. The results showed a shear thinning behaviour and a significant slip velocity of the material that is beneficial during processing.
Effect of polymerized sewage on viscosity of polymer solution and countermeasures
Authors: Dong W T , Wang K L , Qiu Y , Peng W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to better analyze the influence of sewage on the viscosity of polymer solution, this paper uses BROOKFIELD viscometer to determine the viscosity value of solution. The results show that the viscosity decreases rapidly with the increase of the of polymer solution concentration of metal cations. Especially, the concentration of Mg2+ and Ca2+ have a great influence on the viscosity and the small increase of the concentration of Mg2+ and Ca2+ can lead to the decrease of the viscosity of HPAM solution. Na2CO4 was chosen as the complexing agent to improve the viscosity of HPAM solution, and the viscosity increasing rate of HPAM solution with the concentration of 1500 mg/L reached 33.2%.
Piezoelectric characteristics of inorganic 0.965(Na, K, Li)(Nb, Sb)O3–0.035(Bi, Na)(Sr)ZrO3 ceramics doped with Fe2O3 for actuator
Authors: Yoo J-H , Choi J S , Hong J I , Jeong Y-H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this experiment, 0.965(Na,K,Li)(Nb,Sb)O3–0.035(Bi,Na)(Sr)ZrO3 ceramics were fabricated with Fe2O3 addition, and their piezoelectric characteristics were investigated. When Fe2O3 was added to the ceramics, d33and kp were decreased. However, Qm was increased. At the NKN-BNZ ceramics with 0.1 wt% Fe2O3, the d33, kp, Qm, and εr were optimized as 263[pC/N], 0.450, 51.94, 1978, respectively.
Changes in southeastern USA summer precipitation event types using instrumental (1940–2018) and tree-ring (1790–2018) data
Authors: Mitchell T J , Knapp P A , Patterson T W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We examined short- and long-term changes in precipitation event types using instrumental (1940–2018) and tree-ring (1790–2018) data from North Carolina, USA. We documented the amount and frequency of summer (July–September) precipitation events using daily weather station data. Stationary front precipitation (SFP) represented 71% of total summer rainfall and SFP and convective uplift combined (i.e., quasi-stationary precipitation, QSP) represented 87%. SFP (r = 0.52, p < 0.01) and QSP (r = 0.61, p < 0.01) precipitation reconstructions from a montane longleaf pine latewood chronology both recorded significant declines during 1940–2018, matching the instrumental record. Conversely, no significant change in either SFP or QSP occured during the full reconstruction indicating the instrumental decline was unmatched throughout 1790–1939. Our method demonstrates that variations in latewood growth can be attributed to specific precipitation event types and that the relative contribution of each event type can be quantified over a multi-century period.
Retrospection of Anti–Blood Group Antibody Proficiency Testing Data Using the Geometric Mean and Standard Deviation
Authors: Yang John Jeongseok , Chung Yousun , Kim Hyungsuk , Ko Dae-Hyun , Hwang Sang-Hyun , Oh Heung-Bum 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
We reanalyzed the data from proficiency testing (PT) to assess the effect of the geometric mean in the statistical analysis of immunohematologic data.

Methods
Using the five most recent anti–blood group antibody titer participant summary results, the geometric mean (GM) ±2 × geometric standard deviation (GSD) was used as the comparative consensus criterion to mode ±2 titers.

Results
Using the PT evaluation criterion of mode ±2 titers, the mean percentages of participants with acceptable results were 97.5% and 97.8% for anti-A and anti-D, respectively. When applying GM ±2 GSD, the mean percentages of acceptable results were 96.1% (anti-A) and 96.1% (anti-D). The percentages of responses included in each consensus criterion were lower using GM ±2 GSD, with a few exceptions.

Conclusions
Geometric means are more robust and precise in visualizing the central tendency. This method can improve the statistical robustness of PT evaluations.
Evolving concepts on bradykinesia
Authors: Bologna Matteo , Paparella Giulia , Fasano Alfonso , Hallett Mark , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bradykinesia is one of the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and other parkinsonisms. The various clinical aspects related to bradykinesia and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying bradykinesia are, however, still unclear. In this article, we review clinical and experimental studies on bradykinesia performed in patients with Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism. We also review studies on animal experiments dealing with pathophysiological aspects of the parkinsonian state. In Parkinson’s disease, bradykinesia is characterized by slowness, the reduced amplitude of movement, and sequence effect. These features are also present in atypical parkinsonisms, but the sequence effect is not common. Levodopa therapy improves bradykinesia, but treatment variably affects the bradykinesia features and does not significantly modify the sequence effect. Findings from animal and patients demonstrate the role of the basal ganglia and other interconnected structures, such as the primary motor cortex and cerebellum, as well as the contribution of abnormal sensorimotor processing. Bradykinesia should be interpreted as arising from network dysfunction. A better understanding of bradykinesia pathophysiology will serve as the new starting point for clinical and experimental purposes.
Amyloid precursor protein processing in human neurons with an allelic series of the PSEN1 intron 4 deletion mutation and total presenilin-1 knockout
Authors: Arber Charles , Villegas-Llerena Claudio , Toombs Jamie , Pocock Jennifer M , Ryan Natalie S , Fox Nick C , Zetterberg Henrik , Hardy John , Wray Selina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMutations in presenilin-1 (PSEN1), encoding the catalytic subunit of the amyloid precursor protein-processing enzyme γ-secretase, cause familial Alzheimer’s disease. However, the mechanism of disease is yet to be fully understood and it remains contentious whether mutations exert their effects predominantly through gain or loss of function. To address this question, we generated an isogenic allelic series for the PSEN1 mutation intron 4 deletion; represented by control, heterozygous and homozygous mutant induced pluripotent stem cells in addition to a presenilin-1 knockout line. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons reveal reduced, yet detectable amyloid-beta levels in the presenilin-1 knockout line, and a mutant gene dosage-dependent defect in amyloid precursor protein processing in PSEN1 intron 4 deletion lines, consistent with reduced processivity of γ-secretase. The different effects of presenilin-1 knockout and the PSEN1 intron 4 deletion mutation on amyloid precursor protein-C99 fragment accumulation, nicastrin maturation and amyloid-beta peptide generation support distinct consequences of familial Alzheimer’s disease-associated mutations and knockout of presenilin-1 on the function of γ-secretase.
Surveillance of malaria in mainland Portugal in 2016 after the introduction of an electronic system: is it enough?
Authors: Miranda Ferrão Rita , Fronteira Inês , Sá Machado Rita , Duarte Eduardo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Since 2014, imported cases of malaria have been notified by SINAVE, the Portuguese nationwide electronic surveillance system that replaced paper-based notification. Nevertheless, the disease is still believed to be under-reported. Completeness of notification of malaria cases in 2016 was estimated using a two-source capture-recapture method, with SINAVE and the Diagnostic-Related Group cases. Completeness of SINAVE and the diagnosis-related group sources was computed in 32.9% and 72.3%, respectively. The results confirm that malaria is under-reported and highlight the need for more effective notification strategies, especially given the risk of resurgence of locally acquired cases.
Hearing Loss, Hearing Aid Use, and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults—Findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS)
Authors: Shukla Aishwarya , Reed Nicholas S , Armstrong Nicole M , Lin Frank R , Deal Jennifer A , Goman Adele M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Investigate the cross-sectional association between hearing loss (HL), hearing aid use, and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults.

Method
The analytic sample consisted of 3,188 participants (age range 71–94 years) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of audiometric hearing status and self-reported hearing aid use with depressive symptoms (11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale).

Results
4.6% of participants had depressive symptoms. Forty percent had mild HL and 27% had moderate or greater HL. In multivariable-adjusted models, mild HL was associated with 1.90 times higher odds (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–3.01) and moderate or greater HL with 2.42 times higher odds (95% CI 1.44–4.07) of depressive symptoms compared to normal hearing. Each 10dB increase in HL was associated with 1.30 higher odds of depressive symptoms (95% CI 1.14–1.49). Hearing aid use was not associated with depressive symptoms among those with mild (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% CI 0.35–2.54) or moderate or greater (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.60–2.11) HL.

Discussion
Older adults with HL have higher odds of depressive symptoms compared to adults with normal hearing. Future studies are needed to assess whether hearing care is protective against depressive symptoms in older adults.