bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upgrading and expansion of the Käppala wastewater treatment plant. Operational experiences and results
Authors: Manhem P. , Palmgren T. 
Published: May 2018

Käppala Association has the responsibility to receive and treat wastewater from 11 municipalities situated just north of Stockholm in Sweden. Running a tunnel system, 60 km long, and a treatment plant meets this responsibility. The plant is situated in Lidingö, northeast of Stockholm. The load 2002 corresponds to about 520,000 p.e.
During the 1990s the plant was upgraded and expanded to meet an increasing population and more stringent discharge limits. Nitrogen removal was introduced. The expansion was done in two steps; the first step comprised a new plant beside the old one both situated in rock. This part, which included the filtration step, was taken into operation in 1998. Then the old plant was upgraded to the same technical standard as the new part. His Majesty the King of Sweden inaugurated the whole new and upgraded plant in April 2000. A total of 1.3 billion Swedish crowns were invested corresponding to about 140 million euro.
The plant's performance is good. There is no trouble keeping the discharge limits, 10 mg/l for BOD7 and total nitrogen and 0.3 mg/l for phosphorus. However the bio-P process has not been altogether successful. We haven't been able to fulfill our goal to reduce the use of iron sulphate. We will during 2003 go on in our investigations concerning running the plant with a combination of bio-P and chemical precipitation.
Wastewater planning in Djenné, Mali. A pilot project for the local infiltration of domestic wastewater
Authors: Alderlieste M.C. , Langeveld J.G. 
Published: May 2018

The city of Djenné (Mali) is famous for its mosque which is the world's largest adobe building. Djenné is considered to be one of the most interesting cities in Western Africa from an architectural point of view. Since 1988, Djenné is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In the 1990s, a drinking water supply network was provided by foreign development organisations. However, no facilities were provided for the disposal of wastewater, resulting in an increase of waterborne diseases.
This paper describes the urban drainage problem in Djenné and discusses the systematic evaluation of possible solutions and the subsequent pilot project for the local infiltration of sullage. The infiltration of sullage proved to be an appropriate technology for solving the urban drainage problem in Djenné.
Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution by cellulose-based adsorbents
Authors: Wang Yixi , Zhao Linyan , Hou Juan , Peng Huili , Wu Jianning , Liu Zhiyong , Guo Xuhong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, a highly efficient and eco-friendly porous cellulose-based aerogel was synthesized by grafting polyethyleneimine onto quaternized cellulose (PQC) to remove the anionic dye Congo Red (CR). The prepared aerogel had a good flexibility and formability. The adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The results showed that there were many amino groups on CE/PQC aerogel and the structure was porous, which increased the adsorption capacity. The effects of initial concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature, and pH on the dye sorption were all investigated. The adsorption mechanism was also explored, including adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic studies of adsorption. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics and isotherms fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm revealed that the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of the aerogels for CR was 518.403 mg g−1. The thermodynamic parameters including Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0), enthalpy change (ΔH0) and entropy change (ΔS0), showed the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. These results imply that this new absorbent can be universally and effectively used for the removal of dyes from industrial textile wastewater.
Crystal Engineering: Upcoming Paradigm for Efficacious Pulmonary Drug Delivery
Authors: Desai Preshita P. , Mapara Sanyat S. , Patravale Vandana B. 
Published: May 2018

Background and objective: Pulmonary drug delivery has transformed over a past few decades from
being a platform for local pulmonary disease treatment to systemic drug delivery opportunities. In case of pulmonary
delivery systems, particle properties are critical as they affect inhalation efficacy, pulmonary deposition,
drug delivery and overall performance. With this in view, particle engineering has emerged as an advanced science
that helps in designing of efficacious pulmonary delivery systems. Among various particle engineering
branches, crystal engineering is being extensively explored as it provides an opportunity to optimize particles at
morphological, physicochemical and molecular levels which are essential to understand the role of crystal engineering
in pulmonary drug delivery.

Methods:
A thorough literature survey in the field of crystal engineering approaches explored for pulmonary drug
delivery was conducted and the collected data was meticulously studied and summarized.

Results:
In the review, pulmonary system is discussed with respect to various sites for drug deposition in respiratory
tract, mechanism of drug deposition and clearance. Further, critical crystal parameters are discussed in-depth
and various crystal engineering methods are summarized with emphasis on their impact on pulmonary delivery.
Also, inhalation devices are overviewed to understand their performance in relation to crystal based pulmonary
formulations.

Conclusion:
The review enabled a detailed insight on crystal engineering approaches for design of pulmonary
delivery systems.
In silico Molecular Docking and ADME Studies of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives in Relation to in vitro PON1 Activity
Authors: Sever Belgin , Kucukoglu Kaan , Nadaroglu Hayrunnisa , Altıntop Mehlika Dilek 
Published: May 2018

Background: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase associated
with protection of lipoproteins and cell membranes against oxidative modification.

Objective:
Based on antioxidative properties of PON1 and significance of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles in
pharmaceutical chemistry, herein we aimed to evaluate the potentials of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as
PON1 activators.

Methods:
2-[[5-(2,4-Difluoro/dichlorophenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]thio]acetophenone derivatives
(1-18) were in vitro evaluated for their activator effects on PON1 which was purified using
ammonium sulfate precipitation (60-80%) and DEAE-Sephadex anion exchange chromatography.
Molecular docking studies were performed for the detection of affinities of all compounds to the active
site of PON1. Moreover, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) properties of all
compounds were also in silico predicted. In silico molecular docking and ADME studies were carried
out according to modules of Schrodinger’s Maestro molecular modeling package.

Results:
All compounds, particularly compounds 10, 13 and 17, were determined as promising PON1
activators and apart from compound 1, all of them were detected in the active site of PON1. Besides,
ADME results indicated that all compounds were potential orally bioavailable drug-like molecules.

Conclusion:
PON1 activators, compounds 10, 13 and 17 stand out as potential drug candidates for
further antioxidant studies and these compounds can be investigated for their therapeutic effects in
many disorders such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic liver inflammation and many
more.
Rajakarjalaisen sukunimistön kehittyminen osana Suomen karjalankielisen ortodoksivähemmistön suomalaistumista 1818–1925
Authors: Patronen Outi 
Published: May 2018

Outi Patrosen suomen kielen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja tarkistettiin maanantaina 30. lokakuuta 2017 Helsingin yliopistossa. Vastaväittäjänä toimi professori Anneli Sarhimaa Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainzista ja kustoksena professori Tiina Onikki-Rantajääskö. Outi Patronen: Rajakarjalaisen sukunimistön kehittyminen osana Suomen karjalankielisen ortodoksivähemmistön suomalaistumista 1818-1925. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto.
Kirja on luettavissa osoitteessa https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/224298
Stiffness Effects of Structural Elements on the Seismic Response of RC High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Kontoni D.-P. N. , Farghaly A. A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract The stiffness of structural elements (columns, beams, and slabs) significantly contributes to the overall stiffness of reinforced concrete (RC) high-rise buildings (H.R.B.s) subjected to earthquake. In order to investigate what percentage each type of element contributes to the overall performance of an H.R.B. under seismic load, the stiffness of each type of element is reduced by 10% to 90%. A time history analysis by SAP2000 was performed on thirteen 3D models of 12-story RC buildings in order to illustrate the contribution of column stiffness and column cross sections (rectangular or square), building floor plans (square or rectangular), beam stiffness and slab stiffness, on building resistance to an earthquake. The stiffness of the columns contributed more than the beams and slabs to the earthquake resistance of H.R.B.s. Rectangular cross-section columns must be properly oriented in order for H.R.B.s and slender buildings to attain the maximum resistance against earthquakes.
Design Analysis of an Underground Tunnel in Tamilnadu
Authors: Vanuva Malaia , Jaya K. P. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract Underground structures have gained importance in recent times all over the globe. Successful completion of such ventures hinges on accurate and realistic design which is neither optimistic nor conservative, and a balanced design is the need of the hour. The present work shows a comparative study on support design, such as Terzhagi’s load theory and quantitative methods of Rock mass quality (Q), Rock Mass Rating of Bieniawski, and PLAXIS-2D Numerical modeling. The results obtained show that final support measures such as shotcreting, thickness, rock bolting, length, frequency, and requirements of steel supports are better. Based on engineering judgment and analytical approaches, realistic support measures were obtained for an access tunnel to be excavated in Nilagiri, Tamil Nadu.
Verification of the Façade Scaffolding Computer Model
Authors: Jamiṅska-Gadomska P. , Bẹc J. , Lipecki T. , Robak A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of natural vibrations of typical façade scaffolding. Three Finite Element Method models with different levels of accuracy of the real structure of the scaffolding representation were used. Modal analysis was carried out for each of these models. The obtained frequencies and mode shapes were compared with the results from the measurements performed on the full-scale scaffolding. The authors of the paper point out the difficulties arise while modelling such structures, and suggest ways to improve the accuracy of scaffolding computational models.
Analysis of the Void Volume Fraction for S235JR Steel at Failure for Low Initial Stress Triaxiality
Authors: Kossakowski P. G. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract This paper deals with problems of failure mechanisms of S235JR structural steel. One of the fundamental parameters of the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman damage mechanics-based material model is considered in order to describe the behaviour of the material at the plastic range. The analysis was performed on the void volume fraction fF determined at failure of S235JR steel. The case of low initial stress triaxiality η = 1/3 was taken into consideration. Different from the most popular methods such as curve-fitting, the experimental method based on the digital image analysis of the fracture surface of S235JR steel is proposed in order to determine the critical parameter fF.
Effect of Foundry Sand and Mineral Admixtures on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: Sastry K.V.S.Gopala Krishna , Ravitheja A. , Reddy T.Chandra Sekhara 
Published: May 2018

Abstract Foundry sand waste can be utilized for the preparation of concrete as a partial replacement of sand. The strength properties of M25 grade concrete are studied with different percentages of replacement of fine aggregates by foundry sand at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The optimum percentage of foundry sand replacement in the concrete corresponding to maximum strength will be identified. Keeping this optimum percentage of foundry sand replacement as a constant, a cement replacement study with mineral admixtures such as silica fume (5%, 7.5%, 10%) and fly ash (10%, 15%, 20%,) is carried out separately. The maximum increase in strength properties as compared to conventional concrete was achieved at 40% foundry sand replacement. Test results indicated that a 40% replacement of foundry sand with silica fume showed better performance than that of fly ash. The maximum increase in strengths was observed in a mix consisting of 40% foundry sand and 10% silica fume. SEM analysis of the concrete specimens also reveals that a mix with 40% foundry sand and 10% silica fume obtained the highest strength properties compared to all other mixes due to the creation of more C-H-S gel formations and fewer pores.
Hybrid Effects of Stirrup Ratio and Steel Fibers on Shear Behaviour of Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Kannam Praveen , Sarella Venkateswara Rao. , Pancharathi Rathish Kumar 
Published: May 2018

Abstract Shear cracking behaviour of fibrous self-compacting concrete of normal and high strength grade (M30 and M70) is presented here. Two stirrup diameters (6mm ∅ and 8 mm ∅) with a constant steel fiber content of 38 kg/m3 (0.5% by volume of concrete) were selected for the present study. The size of the beam was fixed at 100x200x1200mm. The clear span of the beam 1100mm, was maintained throughout the study. A total of 16 shear-deficient beams were tested under three point loading. Two stirrup spacing (180mm and 360 mm) are used for the shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d = 2). Investigation indicates that initial cracking load and ultimate load increased as the area of shear reinforcement increased by increasing the diameter of stirrup. It was also noted that the failure mode was modified from brittle shear failure to flexural-shear failure in the presence of fibers. The mechanical behaviour of SFRSCC was improved due to the combined effect of stirrups and steel fibers. The stiffness, toughness, and deflection of the beams increased when compared to SCC beams without fibers. The experimental results were compared with existing models available in literature, and the correlation is satisfactory.
Appraising the use of labour-only procurement system for building construction in Nigeria
Authors: Akinkunmi Olutayo Gabriel , Aghimien Douglas Omoregie , Awodele Oluwaseyi Alabi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Labour-only procurement system is gaining fast popularity among construction clients who want to make savings by procuring materials themselves, leaving the contractor to provide only the labour needed. This study, therefore, appraised this procurement system by assess­ing its cost performance, its suitability, construction par­ticipant’s willingness to use it for subsequent projects and its merits and demerits. Using a survey design approach through the use of questionnaire and a pro forma, data were gathered from a total of 98 construction profes­sionals and contractors who have been involved in the use of this procurement system. Analyses of data were done using percentage, mean item score, Mann-Whitney U test and paired samples t-test. The study revealed that this procurement system is best for procuring residential buildings and minor alteration works. Construction participants who have used this system before are willing to still use it for subsequent works, as it delivers projects within budget and discourages short-changing of specifi­cations and standard by contractors. However, the need for the time commitment and reduction in contractor’s profit are its major disadvantages. For its cost perfor­mance, an overall cost saving of about 2% was discovered for the assessed 32 projects. The findings of this study will be beneficial to various interest groups such as clients and estate developers in selecting the right procurement option to use.
Lumbar Muscle Structure Predicts Operational Postures in Active-Duty Marines
Authors: Berry David B. , Shahidi Bahar , Rodríguez-Soto Ana E. , Hughes-Austin Jan M. , Kelly Karen R. , Ward Samuel R. 
Published: May 2018

Background The relationship between lumbar spine posture and muscle structure is not well understood. Objectives To investigate the predictive capacity of muscle structure on lumbar spine posture in active-duty Marines. Methods Forty-three Marines were scanned in this cross-sectional study, using an upright magnetic resonance imaging scanner while standing without load and standing, sitting, and prone on elbows with body armor. Cobb, horizontal, and sacral angles were measured. Marines were then scanned while unloaded in supine using a supine magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The imaging protocol consisted of T2 intervertebral disc mapping; high-resolution, anatomical, fat-water separation, and diffusion tensor imaging to quantify disc hydration and muscle volume, fat fraction, and restricted diffusion profiles in the lumbar muscles. A stepwise multiple linear regression model was used to identify physiological measures predictive of lumbar spine posture. Results The multiple regression model demonstrated that fractional anisotropy of the erector spinae was a significant predictor of lumbar posture for 7 of 18 dependent variables measured, and explained 20% to 35% of the variance in each model. Decreased fractional anisotropy of the erector spinae predicted decreased lordosis, lumbosacral extension, and anterior pelvic tilt. Conclusion Fractional anisotropy is inversely related with muscle fiber size, which is associated with the isometric force-generating capacity of a muscle fiber. This suggests that stronger erector spinae muscles predict decreased lordosis, lumbosacral extension, and anterior pelvic tilt in a highly trained population. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(8):613–621. Epub 17 May 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7865
Directional long‐distance movements by white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus in Florida
Authors: Kilgo John C. , Labisky Ronald F. , Fritzen Duane E. 
Published: May 2018

Knowledge of directional tendencies among long‐distance movements by animals can be important in planning conservation and management strategies for wildlife at the landscape scale. The direction of 23 long‐distance movements (≥2 km) among a non‐migratory population of white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus on the Osceola National Forest, Florida, during 1989–1991 was examined. Direction of dispersal by 10 yearlings (7 males, 3 females) was non‐uniform in distribution and averaged 95°. Direction of 13 excursions by 12 adults (2 males, 10 females) also was non‐uniform but was bimodally (east‐west) distributed; mean directions of the two distributions were 83° and 261°. Thus, both excursions and dispersals of radio‐instrumented deer were on an east‐west axis. No prominent landscape features that would direct deer movement were apparent. However, the fact that deer movements followed a consistent directional trend, even in a relatively homogeneous landscape, may have important implications for management of gene flow among small populations.
Mortality and survival of white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus fawns on a north Atlantic coastal island
Authors: Long Robert A. , O'Connell Allan F. , Harrison Daniel J. 
Published: May 2018

Mortality and survival of white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus fawns (N = 29) were studied from birth to one year of age during 1991–95 on Mount Desert Island (MDI), Maine, where deer hunting is prohibited, coyotes Canis latrans have become recently established, and protected U.S. National Park lands are interspersed with private property. The rate of predator‐caused mortality was 0.52, with coyote predation (N = 8) accounting for at least 47% of mortalities from all causes (N = 17). Mortality rate from drowning was 0.24 (N = 3), and from vehicles 0.14 (N = 3). For fawns radio‐collared as neonates, 10 of 14 mortalities occurred during the first two months of life. Annual rate of fawn survival was 0.26. Survival rate from six months to one year was 0.65 and four mortalities (two predation, two drowning) were observed during this interval. A subgroup of fawns (N = 11) captured near a residential area and along the periphery of a coyote territory had a higher rate of survival to one year of age (S = 0.67) than did fawns from all other areas (N = 18, S = 0.00). Recruitment to one year of age was lower than that observed in other deer populations in the northeastern United States. Low recruitment associated with coyote predation and mortality sources associated with humans appears to be limiting white‐tailed deer populations in some segments of this insular landscape.
Presencia de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en la Bibliotecología Peruana: Estudio historiográfico
Authors: Estrada-Cuzcano Alonso , Alfaro-Mendives Karen Lizeth 
Published: May 2018

Se realiza un estudio historiográfico de las principales fuentes que evidencian la relevancia que va adquiriendo la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en la formación profesional del bibliotecólogo en el Perú. Dividimos las fuentes en tres periodos que se consideran hitos importantes en este estudio historiográfico correspondientes al siglo XX: a) Periodo 1923 – 1942 caracterizado por el nacimiento del Boletín bibliográfico “Zulen, Basadre y Schwab” b) Periodo de 1943-1979 en el que nace la Escuela Nacional de Bibliotecarios (ENB), y existe evidencia de las misiones extranjeras y participación de la UNMSM y c) Periodo 1980-2000 en el que se realiza la transferencia de la Escuela Nacional de Bibliotecarios (ENB) a la UNMSM, periodo caracterizado por la consolidación académica.
Применение электродинамической кавитации для повышения эффективности водных растворов минеральных удобрений
Authors: Триандафилов А. Ф. , Лобанов А. Ю. 
Published: May 2018

Проведены исследования по применению кавитации, создаваемой электрогидравлической установкой на водные растворы минеральных удобрений, с целью повышения эффективности их действия. Исследования были проведены на картофеле с применением различных доз минеральных удобрений, обработанных электрическими разрядами с интенсивностью обработки 300 и 600 импульсов на 1 дм3. В результате исследований было установлено, что применение водных растворов минеральных удобрений повышает урожайность картофеля на 40 % и положительно влияет на его качество