bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk-sharing finance governance: Islamic vs conventional indexes option pricing
Authors: Hamdi Haykel , Majdoub Jihed 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Risk governance has an important influence on the hedging performances in option pricing and portfolio hedging in both discrete and dynamic case for both conventional and Islamic indexes. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper explores option pricing and portfolio hedging in a discrete and dynamic case with transaction costs. Monte Carlo simulations are applied to both conventional and Islamic indexes in US and UK markets. Simulations show that conventional and Islamic assets do not exhibit the same price and portfolio hedging strategy governance.

Findings
The authors conclude that Islamic assets show different option price and hedging strategy compared to their conventional counterpart.

Originality/value
The research question of this paper aims at filling the gap in the empirical literature by exploring option price and hedging structure for both conventional and Islamic indexes in US and UK stock markets.
The role of technology in an omnichannel physical store
Authors: Mosquera Ana , Olarte-Pascual Cristina , Juaneda Ayensa Emma , Sierra Murillo Yolanda 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The new omnichannel strategy aims to offer a holistic shopping experience through the integration of online and offline channels. The introduction of technology in the physical store is an essential factor to this end. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to analyze how the intention to use different interactive technologies in a clothing store affects purchase intention and second, to test the moderating effect of gender on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
An original model is developed and tested with 628 omnichannel customers. A multi-group analysis is performed to compare the results between two groups: men and women.

Findings
The results show that the incorporation of new technologies in the physical store positively affects purchase intention, but no significant differences were found between the two groups.

Originality/value
This study furthers the understanding of the importance of the new connected retail system and offers new insights for both the theoretical framework and businesses.
Science Diplomacy, Epistemic Communities, and Practice in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Hornsby David J. , Parshotam Asmita 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor many states in Sub‐Saharan Africa, the capacity to participate in the international food standard setting process continues to be a challenge. The scientific and technical capacity for many states in this region remains low. This has consequences for African states beyond international food standard setting but for trade and economic development as well. The present paper considers how science diplomacy is mobilised to improve African scientific capacity and participation in international standard setting and thus the multilateral trading system. Through the conceptual frame of epistemic communities, we argue that science diplomacy is exemplified through how scientific expertise embedded within a set of international institutions seeks to build capacity and participation of African states in this important, yet often little considered aspect of international governance.
Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model of vaginally administered dapivirine ring and film formulations
Authors: Kay Katherine , Shah Dhaval K. , Rohan Lisa , Bies Robert 
Published: May 2018

AimsA physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of the vaginal space was developed with the aim of predicting concentrations in the vaginal and cervical space. These predictions can be used to optimize the probability of success of vaginally administered dapivirine (DPV) for HIV prevention. We focus on vaginal delivery using either a ring or film.MethodsA PBPK model describing the physiological structure of the vaginal tissue and fluid was defined mathematically and implemented in MATLAB. Literature reviews provided estimates for relevant physiological and physiochemical parameters. Drug concentration–time profiles were simulated in luminal fluids, vaginal tissue and plasma after administration of ring or film. Patient data were extracted from published clinical trials and used to test model predictions.ResultsThe DPV ring simulations tested the two dosing regimens and predicted PK profiles and area under the curve of luminal fluids (29 079 and 33 067 mg h l–1in groups A and B, respectively) and plasma (0.177 and 0.211 mg h l–1) closely matched those reported (within one standard deviation). While the DPV film study reported drug concentration at only one time point per patient, our simulated profiles pass through reported concentration range.ConclusionsHIV is a major public health issue and vaginal microbicides have the potential to provide a crucial, female‐controlled option for protection. The PBPK model successfully simulated realistic representations of drug PK. It provides a reliable, inexpensive and accessible platform where potential effectiveness of new compounds and the robustness of treatment modalities for pre‐exposure prophylaxis can be evaluated.
Divergent effects of strontium and calcium‐sensing receptor positive allosteric modulators (calcimimetics) on human osteoclast activity
Authors: Diepenhorst Natalie A , Leach Katie , Keller Andrew N , Rueda Patricia , Cook Anna E , Pierce Tracie L , Nowell Cameron , Pastoureau Philippe , Sabatini Massimo , Summers Roger J , Charman William N , Sexton Patrick M , Christopoulos Arthur , Langmead Christopher J 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground and PurposeStrontium ranelate, a drug approved and until recently used for the treatment of osteoporosis, mediates its effects on bone at least in part via the calcium‐sensing (CaS) receptor. However, it is not known whether bone‐targeted CaS receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMs; calcimimetics) represent an alternative (or adjunctive) therapy to strontium (Sr2+o).Experimental ApproachWe assessed three structurally distinct calcimimetics [cinacalcet, AC‐265347 and a benzothiazole tri‐substituted urea (BTU‐compound 13)], alone and in combination with extracellular calcium (Ca2+o) or Sr2+o, in G protein‐dependent signalling assays and trafficking experiments in HEK293 cells and their effects on cell differentiation, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and hydroxyapatite resorption assays in human blood‐derived osteoclasts.Key ResultsSr2+o activated CaS receptor‐dependent signalling in HEK293 cells in a similar manner to Ca2+o, and inhibited the maturation, TRAP expression and hydroxyapatite resorption capacity of human osteoclasts. Calcimimetics potentiated Ca2+o‐ and Sr2+o‐mediated CaS receptor signalling in HEK293 cells with distinct biased profiles, and only cinacalcet chaperoned an endoplasmic reticulum‐retained CaS mutant receptor to the cell surface in HEK293 cells, indicative of a conformational state different from that engendered by AC‐265347 and BTU‐compound 13. Intriguingly, only cinacalcet modulated human osteoclast function, reducing TRAP activity and profoundly inhibiting resorption.Conclusion and ImplicationsAlthough AC‐265347 and BTU‐compound 13 potentiated Ca2+o‐ and Sr2+o‐induced CaS receptor activation, they neither replicated nor potentiated the ability of Sr2+o to inhibit human osteoclast function. In contrast, the FDA‐approved calcimimetic, cinacalcet, inhibited osteoclast TRAP activity and hydroxyapatite resorption, which may contribute to its clinical effects on bone mineral densityLinked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.21/issuetoc
Alemtuzumab vs anti‐thymocyte globulin in patients transplanted from an unrelated donor after a reduced intensity conditioning
Authors: Robin Marie , Raj Kavita , Chevret Sylvie , Gauthier Jordan , de Lavallade Hugues , Michonneau David , McLornan Donal , Peffault de Latour Régis , Potter Victoria , Kulasekararaj Austin , Sicre de Fontbrune Flore , Pagliuca Antonio , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Socié Gérard , Mufti Ghulam J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveRelapse and graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) are still the main complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, especially in the setting of reduced intensity regimen (RIC) and unrelated donor. We compared here anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) or alemtuzumab as GVHD prophylaxis in patients with myeloid disease transplanted after RIC and from an unrelated donor.MethodATG and alemtuzumab patients have been matched by age, gender, HLA matching, comorbidities and cytogenetics risk (119 patients in each group).ResultsAfter matching, we found that ATG decreased the risk of relapse (HR: 0.55, P = .0049) and improved relapse‐free survival (RFS, HR: 0.70, P = .042). The improved RFS with ATG was more pronounced in CMV‐positive patients but was not influenced by disease risk. Regarding overall survival, GVHD‐free relapse‐free survival and transplant‐related mortality, the risk was similar using ATG or alemtuzumab.ConclusionEven if GVHD risk is lowered by alemtuzumab use, it does not translate in better outcome due to higher risk of relapse.
Analysis of the intragranular microstructure in ceramic nanocomposites and their effect on the mechanical properties
Authors: Luo Junting , Luo Shuyi , Zhang Chunxiang , Xue Yahong , Chen Guoqing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe formation of intragranular microstructure in Al2O3/ZrO2 and Si2N2O/Si3N4 nanocomposites was analyzed, and the effect of intragranular microstructure on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites was investigated. Results suggest 3 requisite conditions for the formation of intragranular microstructure and the role of intracrystalline glass phase and scar microstructure. In case of Al2O3/ZrO2, the intragranular microstructure leads to the formation of transgranular fracture, which in turn improves the mechanical properties via strengthening and toughening. On the other hand, in case of Si3N4/Si2N2O nanocomposites, intragranular microstructure reduces the possibility of bridging, pulling out, and crack deflection, thereby leading to the deterioration of strength and toughness. Based on these results, we can conclude that the formation of intragranular microstructure does not necessarily improve the mechanical properties in all kinds of materials. Rather, the effect of intragranular microstructure on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites is related to the strengthening and toughing mechanism of matrix materials.
High permittivity (1−x)Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3‐xPbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics for high‐temperature‐stable capacitors
Authors: Hu Fanting , Chen Xuefeng , Peng Ping , Cao Fei , Dong Xianlin , Wang Genshui 
Published: May 2018

Abstract(1−x)Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3‐xPbMg1/3Nb2/3O3[(1−x)BNT‐xPMN] ceramics have been fabricated via a conventional solid‐state method for compositions x ≤ 0.3. The microstructure, phase structure, ferroelectric, and dielectric properties of ceramics were systematically studied as high‐temperature capacitor materials. XRD pattern certified perovskite phase with no secondary phase in all compositions. As PMN concentration increased, the phase of (1−x)BNT‐xPMN ceramics transformed from ferroelectric to relaxor gradually at room temperature, with prominent enhancement of dielectric temperature stability. For the composition x = 0.2, the temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) was <15% in a wide temperature range from 56 to 350°C with high relative permittivity (>3300) and low dielectric loss (<0.02) at 150°C, which indicated promising future for (1−x)BNT‐xPMN system as high‐temperature stable capacitor materials.
Effect of chemical inhomogeneity on domains and ferroelectric properties of Fe‐modified 0.77Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.23SrTiO3
Authors: Cho Jeong‐Ho , Jeong Seung‐Jae , Kim Sung‐Won , Jeon Chang‐Jun , Jeong Young‐Hun , Yun Ji‐Sun , Hong Youn‐Woo , Paik Jong‐Hoo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLead‐free 0.77(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–0.23Sr(Ti1−xFex)O3 (x = 0, 0.04) (BNT–23STFx) was prepared using a conventional solid‐state reaction route. The effects of Fe‐modification on the chemical homogeneity from a μm scale perspective, the core‐shell domains structures, and the ferroelectric properties were investigated. The chemical homogeneity was analyzed using energy dispersive X‐ray mapping in scanning transmission electron microscopy mode, and the field‐dependent behaviors of strain and polarization were obtained to determine the ferroelectric properties. Substituting Fe3+ for Ti4+ resulted in completely different electrical behavior and properties, despite similar XRD patterns and microstructures. The Fe‐substitution promoted the mobility of Sr2+ ions in the BNT phase and, as a consequence, the chemical homogeneity increased and the core‐domains collapsed. Extending the ceramic processing, such as milling time and sintering time, affected domain distribution and compositional inhomogeneity, which led to a gradual transformation from ferroelectric to relaxor.
Queering Family Scholarship: Theorizing from the Borderlands
Authors: Acosta Katie L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this article, I explore the potential in producing queerer intersectional family scholarship for the advancement of theory. I offer an analysis of the ways queer theory enriches family scholarship while remaining critical of how its inattention to race as an identity category has limited its potential and scholarly theorizing across difference. I highlight queer Latinx family research to illustrate some of the nuance that is missing in scholarship that centers only a White middle‐class subject. I suggest that scholars take note of how queer feminists of color have approached building theory in the flesh. I offer that queerer intersectional family scholarship should occur from the borderlands. Doing so furthers an important goal in queerer family scholarship: to better attend to lived experience and develop a more intersectional theory.
Determinants of intra‐firm trade: Evidence from foreign affiliates in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Blanas Sotiris , Seric Adnan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBy exploiting a unique sample of foreign affiliates in Sub‐Saharan Africa, we study previously examined and unexamined firm‐level determinants of intra‐firm trade. We document that foreign affiliates engaging in intra‐firm trade are relatively few and that the majority of these also engage in trade at arm's length, which accounts for an important fraction of their total trade. The identified firm‐level determinants of intra‐firm trade are consistent with property rights and intangible asset theories of the multinational firm, with international production hierarchy theories, as well as with theories of complex FDI and of multinational activity under credit constraints.
Mitoprotection preserves the renal vasculature in porcine metabolic syndrome
Authors: Eirin Alfonso , Hedayat Ahmad F. , Ferguson Christopher M. , Textor Stephen C. , Lerman Amir , Lerman Lilach O. 
Published: May 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
We hypothesized that chronic mitoprotection would decrease renal vascular remodelling and dysfunction in swine metabolic syndrome.

What is the main finding and its importance?
This study shows that experimental metabolic syndrome exerts renal microvascular and endothelial cell mitochondrial injury, which were attenuated by mitoprotection, underscoring the contribution of mitochondrial injury to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome‐induced vascular damage.

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) induces intrarenal microvascular disease, which may involve mitochondrial injury. The mitochondrial cardiolipin‐targeting peptide elamipretide (ELAM) improves the microcirculation in post‐stenotic kidneys, but its ability to attenuate MetS‐induced renal vascular damage is unknown. We hypothesized that chronic treatment with ELAM would decrease renal vascular remodelling and function in swine MetS. Pigs were studied after 16 weeks of diet‐induced MetS, MetS treated for the last 4 weeks with daily injections of ELAM (0.1 mg kg−1), and lean control (Lean) animals (n = 6 each). Single‐kidney regional perfusion, blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were measured with multi‐detector computed tomography (CT). Peritubular capillary (PTC) endothelial cell (EC) mitochondrial density and cardiolipin content were assessed in situ, as were PTC‐EC apoptosis and oxidative stress. The spatial density of PTCs (Haematoxylin and Eosin staining) and renal microvessels (micro‐CT), and renal artery endothelial function (organ bath) were characterized. Regional perfusion and serum creatinine were preserved in MetS pigs, but renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were higher compared with Lean. Mitochondrial density and cardiolipin content were diminished in MetS PTC‐ECs, but improved in ELAM‐treated pigs, as did PTC density. Elamipretide also attenuated PTC‐EC oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, ELAM improved renal microvascular density, decreased microvascular remodelling and restored endothelial nitric oxide expression and endothelium‐dependent relaxation of renal artery segments. In conclusion, MetS‐induced mitochondrial alterations might contribute to renal PTC and microvascular loss and might impair renal artery endothelial function in pigs. Mitoprotection with ELAM preserved a hierarchy of renal vessels, underscoring its potential to ameliorate renal vascular injury in MetS.
Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury among Patients Treated with Piperacillin-Tazobactam or Meropenem in Combination with Vancomycin
Authors: Rutter W. Cliff , Burgess David S. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases during empirical antimicrobial therapy with the combination of piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) and vancomycin (VAN) compared to the number of incidences with monotherapy or the combination of cefepime and VAN. Limited data regarding the impact of meropenem (MEM) combined with VAN exist. This study examined the AKI incidence among patients treated with MEM plus VAN (MEM+VAN) or TZP+VAN. Data were collected from the University of Kentucky Center for Clinical and Translational Science Enterprise Data Trust from September 2007 through October 2015. Adults without previous renal disease who received MEM+VAN or TZP+VAN for at least 2 days were included. AKI was assessed using risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage (RIFLE) criteria. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was utilized to control for differences between groups. In total, 10,236 patients met inclusion criteria, with 9,898 receiving TZP+VAN and 338 receiving MEM+VAN. AKI occurred in 15.4% of MEM+VAN patients and in 27.4% of TZP+VAN patients (
P
< 0.001). TZP+VAN was associated with increased AKI compared to the level with MEM+VAN (odds ratio [OR], 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82 to 3.52), after controlling for confounders. Use of MEM+VAN should be considered an appropriate alternative therapy to TZP+VAN if nephrotoxicity is a major concern. The results of this study demonstrate that judicial use of TZP+VAN for empirical coverage of infection is needed.
Novel Mutations Associated with Clofazimine Resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Chen Jiazhen , Zhang Shuo , Shi Wanliang , Zhang Wenhong , Zhu Min , Zhang Ying 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium abscessus
is a major nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pathogen and is responsible for about 80% of all pulmonary infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria. Clofazimine is an effective drug active against
M. abscessus
, but the mechanism of resistance to clofazimine in
M. abscessus
is unknown. To investigate the molecular basis of clofazimine resistance in
M. abscessus
, we isolated 29
M. abscessus
mutants resistant to clofazimine and subjected them to whole-genome sequencing to identify possible mutations associated with clofazimine resistance. We found that mutations in the MAB_2299c gene (which encodes a possible transcriptional regulatory protein), MAB_1483, and MAB_0540 are most commonly associated with clofazimine resistance. In addition, mutations in MAB_0416c, MAB_4099c, MAB_2613, MAB_0409, and MAB_1426 were also associated with clofazimine resistance but less frequently. Two identical mutations which are likely to be polymorphisms unrelated to clofazimine resistance were found in MAB_4605c and MAB_4323 in 13 mutants. We conclude that mutations in MAB_2299c, MAB_1483, and MAB_0540 are the major mechanisms of clofazimine resistance in
M. abscessus
. Future studies are needed to address the role of the identified mutations in clofazimine resistance in
M. abscessus
. Our findings have implications for understanding mechanisms of resistance to clofazimine and for rapid detection of clofazimine resistance in this organism.
Crown-of-Thorns Sea Star Acanthaster cf. solaris Has Tissue-Characteristic Microbiomes with Potential Roles in Health and Reproduction
Authors: Høj Lone , Levy Natalie , Baillie Brett K. , Clode Peta L. , Strohmaier Raphael C. , Siboni Nachshon , Webster Nicole S. , Uthicke Sven , Bourne David G. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Outbreaks of coral-eating crown-of-thorns sea stars (CoTS;
Acanthaster
species complex) cause substantial coral loss; hence, there is considerable interest in developing prevention and control strategies. We characterized the microbiome of captive CoTS and assessed whether dysbiosis was evident in sea stars during a disease event. Most tissue types had a distinct microbiome. The exception was female gonads, in which the microbiomes were highly variable among individuals. Male gonads were dominated (>97% of reads) by a single
Mollicutes
-related operational taxonomic unit (OTU). Detailed phylogenetic and microscopy analysis demonstrated the presence of a novel
Spiroplasma
-related bacterium in the spermatogenic layer. Body wall samples had high relative abundance (43 to 64% of reads) of spirochetes, likely corresponding to subcuticular symbionts reported from many echinoderms. Tube feet were characterized by
Hyphomonadaceae
(24 to 55% of reads). Pyloric cecal microbiomes had high alpha diversity, comprising many taxa commonly found in gastrointestinal systems. The order
Oceanospirillales
(genera
Endozoicomonas
and
Kistimonas
) was detected in all tissues. A microbiome shift occurred in diseased individuals although differences between tissue types were retained. The relative abundance of spirochetes was significantly reduced in diseased individuals.
Kistimonas
was present in all diseased individuals and significantly associated with diseased tube feet, but its role in disease causation is unknown. While
Arcobacter
was significantly associated with diseased tissues and
Vibrionaceae
increased in diversity, no single OTU was detected in all diseased individuals, suggesting opportunistic proliferation of these taxa in this case. This study shows that CoTS have tissue-characteristic bacterial communities and identifies taxa that could play a role in reproduction and host health.

IMPORTANCE
Coral-eating crown-of-thorns sea stars (CoTS;
Acanthaster
species complex) are native to the Indo-Pacific, but during periodic population outbreaks they can reach extreme densities (>1,000 starfish per hectare) and function as a pest species. On the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, CoTS have long been considered one of the major contributors to coral loss. There has been significant investment in a targeted control program using lethal injection, and there is interest in developing additional and complementary technologies that can increase culling efficiencies. The biology of CoTS has been studied extensively, but little is known about their associated microbiome. This cultivation-independent analysis of the CoTS microbiome provides a baseline for future analyses targeting the functional role of symbionts, the identification of pathogens, or the development of reproduction manipulators.