bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially resolved electron density in the narrow line region of z < 0.02 radio AGNs
Authors: Kakkad D. , Groves B. , Dopita M. , Thomas A. D. , Davies R. L. , Mainieri V. , Kharb P. , Scharwächter J. , Hampton E. J. , Ho I-T. 
Published: July 2018

Context. Although studying outflows in the host galaxies of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have moved to the forefront of extragalactic astronomy in recent years, estimating the energy associated with these outflows has been a major challenge. Determining the energy associated with an outflow often involves an assumption of uniform density in the narrow line region (NLR), which spans a wide range in the literature, leading to large systematic uncertainties in energy estimation.
Aims. In this paper we present electron density maps for a sample of outflowing and non-outflowing Seyfert galaxies at z < 0.02 drawn from the Siding Spring Southern Seyfert Spectroscopic Snapshot Survey (S7) and try to understand the origin and values of the observed density structures to reduce the systematic uncertainties in outflow energy estimation.
Methods. We use the ratio of the [S II]λ6716,6731 emission lines to derive spatially resolved electron densities (≲50–2000 cm−3). Using optical Integral Field Unit observations from the Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS), we are able to measure densities across the central 2–5 kpc of the selected AGN host galaxies. We compare the density maps with the positions of the H II regions derived from the narrow Hα component, ionization maps from [O III] and spatially resolved BPT diagrams to infer the origin of the observed density structures. We also use the electron density maps to construct density profiles as a function of distance from the central AGN.
Results. We find a spatial correlation between the sites of high star formation and high electron density for targets without an active ionized outflow. The non-outflowing targets also show an exponential drop in the electron density as a function of distance from the centre, with a mean exponential index of ∼0.15. The correlation between the star forming sites and electron density ceases for targets with an outflow. The density within the outflowing medium is not uniform and shows both low- and high-density sites, most likely due to the presence of shocks and highly turbulent medium. We compare these results in the context of previous results obtained from fibre and slit spectra.
Searching for g modes
Authors: Appourchaux T. , Boumier P. , Leibacher J. W. , Corbard T. 
Published: July 2018

Context. The recent claims of g-mode detection have restarted the search for these potentially extremely important modes. These claims can be reassessed in view of the different data sets available from the SoHO instruments and ground-based instruments.
Aims. We produce a new calibration of the GOLF data with a more consistent p-mode amplitude and a more consistent time shift correction compared to the time series used in the past.
Methods. The calibration of 22 yr of GOLF data is done with a simpler approach that uses only the predictive radial velocity of the SoHO spacecraft as a reference. Using p modes, we measure and correct the time shift between ground- and space-based instruments and the GOLF instrument.
Results. The p-mode velocity calibration is now consistent to within a few percent with other instruments. The remaining time shifts are within ±5 s for 99.8% of the time series.
Chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen: Neue Therapieformen
Authors: Klag Thomas , Wehkamp Jan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNew promising treatment options for chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, confirm the expanded pathophysiological understanding in terms of the interactions of the gastrointestinal microbiome with the adaptive and innate immune response and barrier protection. Therefore, these interrelations are focus of research and therapeutic strategies. The following review will give insights into the pathomechanisms, current treatment options and future developments.
Chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen: Diagnostik und Therapie in der Praxis
Authors: Teich Niels , Klugmann Tobias 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSignificant increases in Crohn’s disease incidence have been noticed in recent decades. Therefore it gets more important to increase practical knowledge, present therapy innovations and draw attention to the need for vaccinations of immunosuppressed IBD patients as well as useful supportive therapy options.
Evaluation of Vascular Remodeling in Carotid Atherosclerosis Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using High-Frequency Ultrasonography Combined with Serum Resistin
Authors: Wang Li-Kun , Wu Xue-Liang , Shi Li , Yang Rui-Min , Liu Wei-Liang , Hu Zhen-Shun , Zhang Zhi-Hua , Wang Yi-Cheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDiabetes remains a long standing public health issue among the Chinese population, with an incidence of up to 11.6%, of which type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for 85%–95%. During this study, we aimed to elucidate the value of high-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) combined with serum resistin on vascular remodeling (VR) in carotid atherosclerosis (CA) among patients suffering from T2DM. A total of 432 T2DM were recruited and assigned into the short T2DM duration group (<5 years), middle T2DM duration group (5~10 years) and long T2DM duration group (>10 years), while another 172 healthy cases were recruited as the control group. The intima-media thickness (IMT) as well as plaque score, detection rate and type were detected by the HFUS. The respective blood pressure readings were measured and pulse pressure was calculated accordingly. The serum resistin level, remodeling incidence and type, levels of total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density liproprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. The correlation between IMT, the plaque detection rate and blood pressure were analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed in order to evaluate the impact of VR in CA on T2DM patients who were solely using HFUS and serum resistin respectively, as well as a combination of HFUS with serum resistin. As In comparison with the control group, the short, middle and long T2DM duration groups all displayed increased IMT, plaque score and detection rate, serum resistin level and VR incidence, especially for the long T2DM duration group. Levels of TC, TG, FBG and LDL-C were much higher while HDL-C was lower among patients with T2DM than those in the control group. A positive correlation was detected between the disease course and IMT. The detection rate of plaque with thickening IMT exhibited upregulated levels when compared to those with normal IMT. The HFUS, serum resistin and HFUS combined with serum resistin respective areas under the ROC curve were 0.873, 0.867 and 0.923, respectively, suggesting that the combination of HFUS and serum resistin was superior to that of individual HFUS or individual serum resistin in regard to the impact of VR in CA on T2DM patients. The results of this study revealed that the combination of HFUS and serum resistin was superior to individual HFUS or individual serum resistin in relation to its ability to evaluate the impact of VR in CA in patients with T2DM.
Wissensstand von Patienten und Gesundheitsberufen über Diabetes-bedingte Augenerkrankungen (Risikofaktoren, Früherkennung und Behandlung)
Authors: Röck Daniel , Schnellbächer Elisabeth , Fritsche Andreas , Ziemssen Tjalf , Ziemssen Focke , Marahrens Lydia 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie diabetische Retinopathie ist zwar von Betroffenen am meisten gefürchtet. Eine Auffrischung des Wissens über die Komplikation und ihre Behandlung stellt sich selbst für Betroffene und Experten in Gesundheitsberufen nicht einfach dar. Die Augenheilkunde steht als Fachrichtung etwas isoliert und weist weitere Spezialisierungen auf. Deshalb sollte mit dieser Studie der aktuelle Wissensstand und relevante Lücken strukturiert erfasst werden.
Material und Methoden Der etablierte Eye-Q Fragebogen (© National Eye Institute) wurde ins Deutsche übersetzt und mit Fragen zur optischen Kohärenztomografie (OCT) sowie intravitrealen operativen Medikamentenapplikation (IVOM) ergänzt. 810 Patienten mit Diabetes wurden im Rahmen der Querschnittsstudie (NCT02311504) an diabetologischen Schwerpunktpraxen befragt. Parallel wurde der Fragebogen durch 190 Ärzte und 90 Diabetesberater im Rahmen des 49. Diabetes-Kongress der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG 2014) beantwortet.
Ergebnisse Während die mittlere Gesamtpunktzahl der Betroffenen mit Diabetes 4,9 (von 9 möglichen Punkten für den Eye-Q Komplex) betrug, erreichten die Gesundheitsexperten einen mittleren Score von 6,8. Die Ärztinnen und Ärzte (Diabetologen: 7,5, Internisten: 7,2, Hausärzte: 7,0) erzielten dabei ein besseres Ergebnis als Diabetesberater/innen (5,8) und Diabetesassistentinnen (5,7). Als schwerwiegend muss beachtet werden, dass nach wie vor noch ein erheblicher Teil der Betroffenen (272 von 805) frühe Warnzeichen für den Fall einer diabetischen Retinopathie erwartet. Weniger offensichtliche Auswirkungen des Diabetes am Auge wie das trockene Auge, die Katarakt oder das Glaukom wurden sowohl in der Patientengruppe als auch unter den Diabetes-Behandlern unterschätzt. Fragen zum Einsatz neuerer Diagnostik (OCT: 38 %) und Therapien (IVOM: 16 %) wurden selbst unter den befragten Fachleuten nur von einer Minderheit korrekt beantwortet.
Diskussion Bezüglich der Komplikationen der Augen haben die auf Diabetes spezialisierten Fachleute einen deutlichen Wissensvorsprung gegenüber den Betroffenen. Wissenslücken im Bereich der verschiedenen diabetischen Augenkomplikationen und insbesondere neuerer diagnostischer und therapeutischer Möglichkeiten unterstreichen aber den Bedarf eines intensiveren interdisziplinären Austausches und besserer Schulungsprogramme.
Randomized study of digital single-operator cholangioscope compared to fiberoptic single-operator cholangioscope in a novel cholangioscopy bench model
Authors: Shah Raj , Neuhaus Horst , Parsi Mansour , Reddy D. , Pleskow Douglas 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Cholangiopancreatoscopy is utilized for diagnosis and therapy of pancreaticobiliary disorders. a fully-disposable, digital, single-operator cholangioscope (DSOC) was developed with high image resolution and wide field-of-view. This bench study compared the new DSOC to the previous semi-disposable, fiber-optic cholangioscope (FSOC) prior to the clinical availability of the DSOC system.
Methods Five experts performed one practice run followed by randomized runs comparing DSOC to FSOC in a biliary tract model consisting of three fixed left-intrahepatic tracts (LIHD), and variable common bile duct (CBD) and right-intrahepatic tracts (RIHD) with seven total lesions in multiple configurations. Timed runs aimed to visualize and target each lesion using miniature biopsy forceps. Definitions: visual success, visualizing targets; targeting success, touching target with forceps; complete run, touching seven targets within 20 minutes. Image quality, ease-of-use, and time to completion were recorded.
Results Thirty-seven evaluable runs (20 DSOC, 17 FSOC) were completed. DSOC was superior to FSOC in Visual (99 % vs. 67 %, P < 0.001) and targeting success (6.6 vs. 4.5, P = 0.009), proportion of complete runs (13 /20 vs. 0 /17, P < 0.001) and time of run (10.1 min vs. 15.4 min, P < 0.001). For fixed LIHD, DSOC achieved higher targeting success compared to FSOC (2.6 vs. 1.1, P < 0.001) with no difference in RIHD and CBD targets (4.0 vs. 3.4, P = 0.39). Investigators reported superior image quality and ease-of-use with DSOC.
Conclusions In this model, DSOC performed superiorly to FSOC in image quality, visualization, and maneuverability. The model could potentially be utilized for training endoscopists less experienced with cholangiopancreatoscopy.
Qualität der Blutdruckeinstellung in der hausärztlichen Praxis unter Verwendung der 24-Stunden-Langzeitblutdruckmessung – eine retrospektive monozentrische Querschnittsstudie
Authors: Häckel Stefanie , Stein Friederike , Wolf Gunter , Stein Günter , Busch Martin 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Diagnostik und Therapie der arteriellen Hypertonie ist eine kontinuierliche Herausforderung in Hausarztpraxen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Art und Effektivität der Blutdruckeinstellung bei Patienten mit bekannter arterieller Hypertonie in einer hausärztlichen Praxis unter strikter Verwendung der Office- (OBPM) und ambulanten Langzeit- (ABPM) Blutdruckmessung zu analysieren.
Methoden Retrospektiv wurden 283 Patienten (90 % aller regelmäßig betreuten Hypertoniker) hinsichtlich des Erreichens der Zielblutdruckwerte in ABPM und OBPM der zurückliegenden 1 bis 2 Jahre untersucht. Die Zielwerte entsprachen den geltenden ESH-Empfehlungen (Office-Blutdruck < 140/90 mmHg, 24-h-Mittelwert der ABPM < 130/80 mmHg).
Ergebnisse Der OBPM aller Patienten (Alter: 68 ± 12,7, 48 % Frauen) lag bei 132 ± 11,8/80 ± 4,2 mmHg, der 24-h-ABPM betrug 128 ± 10,7/74 ± 7,9 mmHg. Eine isolierte Praxishypertonie hatten 11,3 %, eine maskierte Hypertonie 21,9 %. Nur 33,9 % wiesen ein physiologisches Dippingverhalten auf (49,1 % Non-Dipper, 13,8 % Reverse-Dipper und 3,2 % Extrem-Dipper). Die Blutdruck-Kontrollrate (Erreichen des Zielblutdruckes) betrug 67,8 % in der OBPM und 57,2 % in der 24-h-ABPM. 23,0 % wurden mit einer Monotherapie, 37,5 % mit Zweifach-Kombination, 19,8 % mittels Dreifach-Kombination und 14,5 % mit > 3 Antihypertensiva behandelt, 83,9 % erhielten RAS-Blocker. Der OBPM-Zielwert wurde bei 75,0 % unter einer Dreifach- und 71,7 % unter einer Zweifach-Kombination erzielt, der 24-h-ABPM-Zielwert zumeist bei Patienten, die nur einer Monotherapie bedurften (66,2 %) oder mittels Zweifachtherapie behandelt wurden (60,4 %), ansonsten < 60 % Zielwerterreichung.
Schlussfolgerung In der untersuchten Hausarztpraxis war die Therapiekontrolle von Patienten mit therapierter arterieller Hypertonie mehrheitlich leitliniengerecht und besser als in der Literatur beschrieben. Die parallele und konsequente Durchführung von OBPM und ABPM sowie die hohe Verschreibungsrate von RAS-Blockern und empfohlenen Kombinationstherapien könnte hierfür der Schlüssel sein.
The B-ADENOMA Study: Bowelscope – Accuracy of Detection using Endocuff Optimisation of Mucosal Abnormalities: Study Protocol for randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ngu Wee , Walls Martin , Bhandari Pradeep , Stokes Clive , Totton Nikki , Hoare Zoe , Bastable Lexi , Rees Colin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims UK Bowel Cancer Screening flexible sigmoidoscopy (BowelScope) currently offers patients aged 55 a one-off flexible sigmoidoscopy for adenoma clearance to decrease colorectal cancer incidence by interrupting the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Recent evidence has shown maximum benefit in increasing adenoma detection rate (ADR) using the Endocuff Vision device in the left side of the colon and in screening patients. Currently, ADR is low and shows unacceptable variation in BowelScope. ADR is a quality indicator in screening sigmoidoscopy and higher rates have been shown to reduce colorectal cancer incidence.
Patients and methods This will be a prospective, multicenter, UK-based randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing ADR in Endocuff-assisted versus standard bowel cancer screening flexible sigmoidoscopy (BowelScope). All patients aged 55 to 61 years invited to BowelScope screening and able to give informed consent will be eligible for recruitment. Exclusion criteria include absolute contraindications to flexible sigmoidoscopy, known or suspected large bowel obstruction or pseudo-obstruction, colonic strictures or polyposis syndromes, known severe diverticular segment, active colitis, inability to give informed consent, anticoagulation precluding polypectomy and pregnancy. Patients will be randomized on the day of procedure to Endocuff-assisted flexible sigmoidoscopy or standard flexible sigmoidoscopy, stratified by age group and sex. Baseline, endoscopy and polyp data were collected as well as nurse and patient assessment of comfort. Polyp histology was collected when available. Patients will be asked to return a comfort questionnaire the following day and were followed up for 14 days for complications.The study will take place across 12 to 20 hospital trusts across the UK and recruited 3222 patients.
Results The ADENOMA trial will be designed to demonstrate a significant improvement in ADR with maximal effect in the left colon and in fecal occult blood test-positive screening patients. This trial will be the first RCT to look at Endocuff Vision in bowel cancer screening flexible sigmoidoscopy. We will aim to establish whether Endocuff vision improves ADR in this population.Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03072472
Number of polyps detected is a useful indicator of quality of clinical colonoscopy
Authors: Amano Takahiro , Nishida Tsutomu , Shimakoshi Hiromi , Shimoda Akiyoshi , Osugi Naoto , Sugimoto Aya , Takahashi Kei , Mukai Kaori , Nakamatsu Dai , Matsubara Tokuhiro , Yamamoto Masashi , Hayashi Shiro , Nakajima Sachiko , Fukui Koji , Inada Masami 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a well-known quality indicator (QI) for colonoscopy. It is, however, difficult to evaluate ADR during practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the number of endoscopically detected polyps as a QI for colonoscopy.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective single-center cohort study of 5,190 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy from January 2015 to May 2016. Among these patients, we ultimately enrolled 1,937 patients for initial colonoscopy. We evaluated QIs including bowel preparation, cecum intubation time, withdrawal time, number of endoscopically detected polyps, ADR and advanced neoplasia detection rate (ANDR)
Results The mean number of endoscopically detected polyps, ADR and ANDR were 1.5 ± 2.3 (95 % confidence interval (CI)1.4 – 1.6), 38.6 % (95 % CI 36.5-40.8), and 18.3 % (95 % CI 16.6 – 20.1), respectively. ADR and ANDR increased with the number of endoscopically detected polyps, but the correlation reached a plateau at five or more polyps. We divided the patients into three groups based on the number of polyps (1 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 or more). Logistic regression analysis adjusted by age and sex revealed that presence of a large number of polyps was a strong predictor of advanced neoplasia (odds ratio: 3.1 [95 % CI 2.2 – 4.3] for 3 to 4 polyps and 7.9 [95 % CI 5.4 – 11.8] for 5 or more polyps when using the presence of 1 or 2 polyps as a reference).
Conclusion The number of endoscopically detected polyps can predict risk of advanced neoplasia and may thus be a new QI for colonoscopy.
Enteral stent placement for malignant afferent loop obstruction by the through-the-scope technique using a short-type single-balloon enteroscope
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Yamada Ikuhiro , Matsuyama Masato , Sasahira Naoki 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims A short-type single-balloon enteroscope with a 3.2-mm working channel makes it possible to insert an enteral stent by the through-the-scope technique in patients with malignant afferent loop obstruction. Here, we report five cases of malignant afferent loop obstruction treated with endoscopic enteral stenting. We also propose a new classification for three types of malignant afferent loop obstruction. Type 1: The obstruction site is located distal to the papilla or the bilioenteric anastomosis. Type 2: The obstruction site is located at the papilla or the bilioenteric anastomosis. Type 3: The obstruction site is located between the bilioenteric and pancreaticoenteric anastomosis. The patients with type 1 and 3 were simply treated by inserting an enteral stent endoscopically. The patient with type 2 was treated with an endoscopic enteral stent for malignant afferent loop obstruction and with percutaneous transhepatic biliary stenting for malignant biliary obstruction. Although double stenting for type 2 remains a difficult endoscopic procedure, the endoscopic approach has become the standard approach for malignant afferent loop obstruction.
Endosonography-guided drainage of loculated malignant ascites using double-pigtail plastic stents
Authors: Köck Reiner , Jürgensen Christian , Fischer-Lampsatis Rupert 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage is a well-established procedure for peripancreatic fluid collections (PFC) that develop in the context of acute pancreatitis or following pancreatic surgery. Malignant ascites can occur in a loculated form resembling PFC causing a variety of symptoms, with limited treatment options. There is a paucity of data about application of EUS-guided drainage for these kinds of fluid collections. So far, only one report exists describing clinical success in three cases, using fully-covered self-expanding metal stents (FCSEMS). FCSEMS, however, have possible drawbacks, particularly if they have to remain in place for an indeterminate period of time. Herein, we describe EUS-guided drainage of loculated malignant ascites using double-pigtail plastic stents in two patients severely symptomatic from esophagogastric obstruction symptoms. Technical and clinical success was achieved in both cases without clinically significant complications including one case, where ongoing symptom control could be observed after 6 months of follow-up.
Polypectomy techniques among gastroenterologists in Norway – a nationwide survey
Authors: Pedersen Ina , Løberg Magnus , Hoff Geir , Kalager Mette , Bretthauer Michael , Holme Øyvind 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Incomplete polyp removal has been estimated to cause 27 % of all colorectal cancers detected soon after colonoscopy. There is limited information regarding polypectomy techniques among endoscopists. The article is a nationwide survey of polypectomy techniques among Norwegian endoscopists.
Materials and methods We invited all board-certified gastroenterologists in Norway to complete a web-based questionnaire about their polypectomy technique. Inadequate polypectomy techniques were defined as using biopsy forceps for polyps larger than 3 mm in diameter, using hot biopsy forceps for polypectomy, and using the same electrocautery output irrespective of polyp size and morphology.
Results Twenty-six of 30 Norwegian gastroenterology departments participated in the study. A total of 119 endoscopists received the survey, and 70 (59 %) responded. Mean duration of endoscopy practice was 11.5 years, and 95 % had performed more than 1,000 colonoscopies during their career. Twenty-eight endoscopists (40 %) used one or more inadequate polypectomy techniques: 10 (14.3 %) used biopsy forceps for removal of polyps larger than 3 mm in diameter, five (7.1 %) used hot biopsy for polypectomy, and 17 (24 %) used the same electrocautery output for all polypectomies. Five (7 %) endoscopists reported that they did not remove polyps smaller than 4 mm.
Conclusion A substantial number of Norwegian endoscopists use inadequate polypectomy techniques. Improved training and certification of endoscopists is warranted.
Mirizzi’s syndrome in Roux-en-Y bypass patient successfully treated with cholangioscopically-guided laser lithotripsy via percutaneous gastrostomy
Authors: Hammoudi Nassim , Brieau Bertrand , Barret Maximilien , Bordacahar Benoit , Leblanc Sarah , Coriat Romain , Chaussade Stanislas , Prat Frédéric 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObesity and bariatric surgery are major risk factors in gallstone disease. In patients with a past history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, Mirizzi’s syndrome is a challenging endoscopic situation because of the modified anatomy. Here we report the first case of a patient with a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass treated by intracorporeal lithotripsy with a digital single-operator cholangioscope following an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) using a percutaneous gastrostomy access.