bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator partially rescues fetoplacental angiogenesis in severe fetal growth restriction
Authors: Ji Shuhan , Xin Hong , Su Emily J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPregnancies complicated by severe fetal growth restriction with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry (FGRadv) are at substantial risk for adverse perinatal and long-term outcomes. Impaired angiogenesis of the placental vasculature in these pregnancies results in a sparse, poorly branched vascular tree, which structurally contributes to the abnormally elevated fetoplacental vascular resistance that is clinically manifested by absent or reversed umbilical artery Doppler indices. Previous studies have shown that aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) is a key mediator of proper placental angiogenesis, and within placental endothelial cells (ECs) from human FGRadv pregnancies, low expression of ARNT leads to decreased vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression and deficient tube formation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of VEGFA administration or ARNT overexpression on angiogenic potential of FGRadv ECs. ECs were isolated and cultured from FGRadv or gestational age-matched control placentas and subjected to either vehicle vs VEGFA treatment or transduction with adenoviral-CMV (ad-CMV) vs adenoviral-ARNT (ad-ARNT) constructs. They were then assessed via wound scratch and tube formation assays. We found that VEGFA administration nominally improved FGRadv EC migration (P&lt;0.01) and tube formation (P&lt;0.05). ARNT overexpression led to significantly enhanced ARNT expression in FGRadv ECs (P&lt;0.01), to a level similar to control ECs. Despite this, FGRadv EC migration (P&lt;0.05) and tube formation (P&lt;0.05) were still only partially rescued. This suggests that although ARNT does play a role in fetoplacental EC migration, other factors in addition to ARNT are likely also important in placental angiogenesis.
The Relationship between Knee Biomechanics and Clinical Assessments in ACl Deficient Patients
Authors: Kono Yoshifumi , Deie Masataka , Fujita Naoto , Hirata Kazuhiko , Shimada Noboru , Orita Naoya , Iwaki Daisuke , Asaeda Makoto , Terai Chiaki , Kimura Hiroaki , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between knee biomechanics and clinical assessments in ACL deficient patients. Subjects included 22 patients with unilateral ACL rupture and 22 healthy controls. Knee kinematics and kinetics during walking and running were examined using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system. The passive knee joint laxity, range of motion of knee joint, and knee muscle strength were also measured. Correlations between the knee kinematic and kinetic data and clinical assessments were evaluated. In the ACL deficient patients, there were no significant relationships between tibial translation during walking and running and passive knee joint laxity. The correlations between knee kinematics and kinetics and range of motion of knee joint were also not significant. Additionally, there were no significant correlations between knee kinematics during walking and knee muscle strength. However, there were several significant correlations between knee kinematics during running and knee muscle strength. The results demonstrate the importance of knee muscle strength for knee kinematics and kinetics during running in ACL deficient patients. Patients with stronger knee muscle strength may demonstrate more nearly normal knee joint movement during dynamic activities such as running.
Distale Myopathien
Authors: Zierz Stephan , Kraya Torsten , Mensch Alexander 
Published: June 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDistale Myopathien stellen eine heteroge Gruppe von Erkrankungen dar, die sich durch einen prädominanten Befall körperferner Muskelgruppen auszeichnen und zunächst innerhalb weniger klinischer Phänotypen unter Verwendung von Eponymen klassifiziert worden sind. Genetische Hochdurchsatzverfahren haben das genotypische Spektrum der distalen Myopathien in den letzten Jahren erheblich erweitert. Ausgehend vom historischen Kontext wird die aktuelle Klassifikation distaler Myopathien vorgestellt, häufige Krankheitsbilder diskutiert und das diagnostische Vorgehen anhand eines strukturierten Handlungspfades erörtert.
Overview of Deep Dermal Fillers
Authors: Liu Michael H. , Beynet David P. , Gharavi Nima M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDermal fillers have become an integral part of both medical and cosmetic dermatology. Our expanding knowledge of the aging face has allowed us to shift the focus from skin-reduction lifting procedures to soft tissue augmentation. Within the past 5 years alone, nine new dermal fillers have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for soft tissue augmentation. The rise in both the use and number of dermal fillers in recent years is a testament to their safety and efficacy. Dermal fillers can be broken down to three major types: temporary, semipermanent, and permanent. The former, which include hyaluronic acid based fillers, provide safe and effective correction but only for a limited time, typically approximately 1 to 2 years at best. This review will cover the semipermanent (poly-L-lactic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite) and permanent (polymethylmethacrylate and liquid silicone) injectable fillers. These so-called deep dermal fillers are valuable, durable tools in correcting the aging face. Given their extended duration of effect, these fillers inherently carry their own risk for potential adverse events. Thus, it is essential that clinicians have a thorough understanding of these products to best counsel, recommend, and perform soft tissue augmentation using these fillers.
Overview of Kybella (Deoxycholic Acid Injection) as a Fat Resorption Product for Submental Fat
Authors: Liu Michael , Chesnut Cameron , Lask Gary 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere has been an increasing interest in addressing the issue of submental fat (SMF) when it comes to cosmetic medicine. With the rise of social media, video calls, and the now almost omnipresent accessibility of cameras, there is perhaps now more than ever an emphasis on the facial image. Although invasive procedures such as liposuction and neck lift still play a significant role in reducing SMF, the trend toward minimally invasive methods has finally given rise to a single Food and Drug Administration-approved injectable that is both safe and effective: ATX-101, also known as Kybella in the United States.
Longitudinal Radiographic Outcomes of Vestibular Schwannoma in Single and Fractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Khattab Mohamed H. , Newman Neil B. , Wharton David M. , Sherry Alexander D. , Luo Guozhen , Manzoor Nauman F. , Rivas Alejandro , Davis L. Taylor , Chambless Lola B. , Attia Albert , Cmelak Anthony J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractManagement of vestibular schwannoma (VS) includes stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in single or fractionated treatments. There is a paucity of literature on the three-dimensional (3D) volumetric kinetics and radiological changes following SRS and no consensus on appropriate post-SRS surveillance imaging timeline. This is a retrospective cohort study with institutional review board approval. A total of 55 patients met study criteria. We collected volumetric kinetic data in VS treated with SRS over time using a target volume contouring software. We also tracked radiographic phenomena such as pseudoprogression and necrosis. A secondary objective was to describe our overall treatment success rate and any failures. For all treatments groups, pseudoprogression most typically occurred within 12 months post-SRS, after which tumor volumes on average normalized and then decreased from pretreatment size at the last follow-up. Only two patients required salvage therapy post-SRS and were considered SRS treatment failures. Both patients were in the five-fraction cohort but with a lower biologically equivalent dose. Our study is first to collect 3D volumetric kinetics of VS following single and fractionated SRS in contrast to extrapolations from single and two-dimensional measurements. Our longitudinal data also show initial increases in volume in the first 12 months post-SRS followed by later declines, setting up interesting questions regarding the utility of early posttreatment surveillance imaging in the asymptomatic patient. Finally, we show low rates of treatment failure (3.6%) and show in our cohort that SRS dose de-escalation posed a risk of treatment failure.
Measuring the activation energy barrier for the nucleation of single nanosized vapor bubbles
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhou Kai , Wang Yongjie , Gao Jia , Yuan Tinglian , Pang Jie , Tang Shu , Chen Hong-Yuan , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2019

Significance
While it is generally believed that bubble nucleation process is highly heterogeneous and stochastic, little is known on the nucleation rate and activation energy barrier of single nanosized bubble due to the lack of suitable techniques. We developed an optical apparatus consisting of optical tweezers (for bubble generation) and surface plasmon resonance microscopy (for measurement) to demonstrate the capability to quantify these important kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the nucleation of single nanobubbles. We mapped the distribution of local nucleation rate and local roughness on a flat substrate with a spatial resolution of 100 nm. The results show a previously unseen dependence of the nucleation activation barrier on the surface chemistry.
Order in the creole speech community
Authors: Daleszynska-Slater Agata , Meyerhoff Miriam , Walker James A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCreolists and variationists often conceptualize variation in multilectal speech communities as a continuum of linearly ordered linguistic features. Using the variationist comparative method, we analyze variation in past tense marking in a creole speech community (Bequia, St Vincent and the Grenadines), comparing across groups of speakers (communities and age-groups) in terms of frequencies of past-marking, language-internal constraints on past-marking and the ranking of factors within those constraints. Based on these multiple lines of evidence, the analysis shows that placing groups on a continuum is not straightforward, in line with local language ideologies. We argue that linear models of variation may reify relationships between varieties in terms of differences that are not sustained across different levels of analysis. We also show that the relationships between lects even in quite small communities are subject to change across generations.
The ecology of variation and change in the context of language attrition
Authors: Avelino Heriberto 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLanguage attrition arises in sociocultural niches which are less than optimal for the survival of a speech community. Analogously to what happens with species in nature, the risk of extinction and the evolution of their systems are determined by internal and external conditions as well by the extent of their impact over the population. Changes in the vitality and maintenance of the language and transformations of its structural properties are partly a response to broader and more general socio-historical factors. This paper discusses striking differences of the phonological system of contemporaryʔuzãʔ(Otomanguean) with respect to descriptions made at the beginning of the 20th century. A detailed phonetic description of the variation and change of the sound patterns inʔuzãʔare explained as a function of a general process of language obsolescence. It is claimed that the same ecological predictors of extinction for natural species account for the decline of the language.
On the relevance of voice quality in contact varieties
Authors: Perez Danae , Zipp Lena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on the role of voice quality variation in the system of a contact language, Afro-Yungueño Spanish, a restructured variety of Spanish spoken in the Bolivian Yungas valleys. Based on case studies of naturally occurring conversation between multiple speakers, we show that certain non-modal phonation types, in this case falsetto and breathy voice, are used to index expressiveness, intensification, or emphasis. We argue that these practices have discursive meaning that could otherwise also be encoded by means of grammatical and lexical resources, and that they are an integral part of the linguistic system of this variety. We claim that these practices may have resulted from the specific socio-historical context in which this variety evolved. This suggests that voice quality and ecological factors should not be underestimated in order to reach a more complete picture of how meaning is conveyed in apparently simplified contact languages.
Mind-reading motivation
Authors: Carpenter Jordan M. , Green Melanie C. , Fitzgerald Kaitlin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrevious research suggests a link between perspective-taking and the tendency to become immersed in narratives or literature. We extend that research by considering both individual differences and persuasion outcomes. Specifically, Mind-Reading Motivation (MRM) is an individual difference in the willingness to effortfully engage with other people’s perspectives and mental states. Stories may be most influential when readers put themselves in the place of another person, even a fictional other. In Study 1, higher MRM was correlated with more fiction reading but not more nonfiction reading. Studies 2a and 2b demonstrated that higher MRM was associated with greater transportation into a narrative. We replicated this effect in Study 3, showing that MRM was associated with both higher transportation and narrative persuasion. The effect of MRM on persuasion is mediated by connections to the characters. This research helps identify which individuals are most likely to be persuaded by narrative communications.
In situ study of two-dimensional dendritic growth of hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Felter Janina , Raths Miriam , Franke Markus , Kumpf Christian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride, often entitled the ‘white graphene’ because of its large band gap, is one of the most important two-dimensional (2D) materials and frequently investigated in context with stacked arrays of single 2D layers, so called van der Waals heterostructures. Here, we concentrate on the growth of hBN on the coinage metal surface Cu(1 1 1). Using low energy electron microscopy and diffraction, we investigate the self-terminated growth of the first layer in situ and in real time. Most prominently, we find dendritic structures with three strongly preferred growth branches that are mostly well aligned with the Cu(1 1 1) substrate and exhibit a three-fold symmetric shape. The observation of dendritic structures is very surprising since hBN was found to grow in compact, triangular-shaped islands on many other metal substrates, in particular, on transition metal surfaces where it shows a much stronger interaction to the surface. We explain the unexpected dendritic growth by an asymmetry of the bonding energy for the two possible ways a borazine molecule can attach to an existing hBN island, namely either with one of its boron or one of its nitrogen atoms. We suggest that this asymmetry originates from different dehydrogenation states of the adsorbed borazine molecules and the hBN islands. We call this mechanism ‘Dehydrogenation Limited Aggregation’ since it is generic in the sense that it is merely based on different dehydrogenation energies for the involved building blocks forming the 2D layer.
Sibling competition in Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) is stronger in homozygous broods
Authors: Morales Judith , Acevedo Iván , Machordom Annie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Heterozygosity affects mate selection and can modulate interactions among family members and their fitness-related decisions. We studied whether nestling heterozygosity affected parent–offspring interactions and sib–sib competition in the Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) while controlling for the degree of relatedness among nestlings. Demanding environmental conditions might make the detection of heterozygosity-fitness correlations easier. Thus, we also investigated whether the decision rules of family members according to offspring heterozygosity were affected by brood size, as a proxy of the strength of sibling conflict. We found that chick individual heterozygosity was positively although weakly associated with individual body mass. Mean brood heterozygosity did not predict fledging success, but broods that fledged more chicks showed a higher number of less common alleles. Interestingly, fathers, but not mothers, favored heterozygous broods with many nestlings, that is, heterozygous broods with higher potential for sibling conflict. Moreover, the lower the mean brood heterozygosity the stronger the begging intensity when parents were absent, regardless of brood size. Finally, the degree of relatedness among nestlings was not associated with any behavioral parameter, supporting a more prominent role for heterozygosity in shaping intra-family interactions. Our findings suggest that offspring heterozygosity determines sex-specific rules of parental care and that genetic diversity is associated with lower sibling competition.
The influence of strain on the Verwey transition as a function of dopant concentration: towards a geobarometer for magnetite-bearing rocks
Authors: Biało Izabela , Kozłowski Andrzej , Wack Michael , Włodek Adam , Gondek Łukasz , Kąkol Zbigniew , Hochleitner Rupert , Żywczak Antoni , Chlan Vojtech , Gilder Stuart A 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARY
Magnetite is an abundant magnetic mineral that commonly records the ancient magnetic field in a wide variety of rock types. When cooled below ≈124 K, magnetite undergoes a phase transition, called the Verwey transition, whose characteristics are highly sensitive to grain size and stoichiometry. Studying the Verwey transition thus yields information on the formation conditions and compositions of rocks. The transition is also stress sensitive, thereby opening an avenue to understanding a rock’s strain history; however, the reason for the stress sensitivity is poorly understood. In particular, the temperature of the transition decreases when measured under pressure, yet mostly increases upon pressure release. Moreover, the stress sensitivity of the transition as a function of dopant concentration, especially after pressure cycling, was never systematically tested. We addressed these issues in order to further develop magnetite as a pressure gauge. Multidomain magnetite samples were pressure cycled up to maximum pressures of ∼5 GPa at room temperature to measure the influence of strain on the Verwey transition temperature as a function of dopant concentration after full decompression. The transition temperature measured via changes in magnetic remanence ($T_{\rm V}^{M}$) systematically increased with respect to pressure (P) in more doped samples, where domain wall pinning from impurities dominates $\mathrm{d}T_{\rm V} ^{\rm M}/\mathrm{d}P$. In less doped samples, no to only moderate pressure cycling dependence on $T_{\rm V}^{\rm M}$ was observed. Bulk coercive force (Bc) and magnetic remanence after saturation (Mrs) measured above or below the transition also increased with respect to pressure, but here effects related to permanent strain of the lattice structure prevail, and Bc versus P is steeper for less doped samples. Bc versus P increases in all cases, with a difference in slope dictated by dopant concentrations segregating the first to second-order nature of the transition. Thus, strain developed during pressure cycling controls $T_{\rm V}^{\rm M}$ and coercivity by a mechanism based on pinning of magnetic domains by both interstitial cations and structural lattice distortions. The combined observables, $T_{\rm V}^{\rm M}$ and Bc−Mrs, reflect both the dopant level and strain state of magnetite, which can quantify the pressure multidomain magnetite has experienced, especially in the range between 1 and 5 GPa. Based on these new results, we present a model that distinguishes between electronic versus defect-driven processes explaining the strain-related influences on the transition. Magnetite’s use as a geobarometer is thus a measure of its defect state, which is expressed through two somewhat independent mechanisms when sensed by magnetic observations.
The fruit fly at the interface of diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of rare and common human diseases
Authors: Bellen Hugo J , Wangler Michael F , Yamamoto Shinya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster is a unique, powerful genetic model organism for studying a broad range of biological questions. Human studies that probe the genetic causes of rare and undiagnosed diseases using massive-parallel sequencing often require complementary gene function studies to determine if and how rare variants affect gene function. These studies also provide inroads to disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets. In this review we discuss strategies for functional studies of rare human variants in Drosophila. We focus on our experience in establishing a Drosophila core of the Model Organisms Screening Center for the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) and concurrent fly studies with other large genomic rare disease research efforts such as the Centers for Mendelian Genomics. We outline four major strategies that use the latest technology in fly genetics to understand the impact of human variants on gene function. We also mention general concepts in probing disease mechanisms, therapeutics and using rare disease to understand common diseases. Drosophila is and will continue to be a fundamental genetic model to identify new disease-causing variants, pathogenic mechanisms and drugs that will impact medicine.
Bacterial metabolism-inspired molecules to modulate antibiotic efficacy
Authors: Liu Yuan , Li Ruichao , Xiao Xia , Wang Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe decreasing antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens calls for novel antimicrobial therapies. Traditional screening pathways based on drug–target interaction have gradually reached the stage of diminishing returns. Thus, novel strategies are urgently needed in the fight against antibiotic-refractory bacteria, particularly for tolerant bacteria. Recently, evidence has accumulated demonstrating that microbial changes caused by bacterial metabolic processes significantly modulate antibiotic killing. A better understanding of these bacterial metabolic processes is indicating a need to screen novel metabolic modulators as potential antibiotic adjuvants. In this review, we describe the state of our current knowledge about how these bacterial metabolism-inspired molecules affect antibiotic efficacy, including potentiation and inhibition activity. In addition, the challenges faced and prospects for bringing them into clinic are also discussed. These examples may provide candidates or targets for the development of novel antibiotic adjuvants.
Clause tableaux for maximum and minimum satisfiability
Authors: Argelich Josep , Li Chu Min , Manyà Felip , Soler Joan Ramon 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The inference systems proposed for solving SAT are unsound for solving MaxSAT and MinSAT, because they preserve satisfiability but not the minimum and maximum number of clauses that can be falsified, respectively. To address this problem, we first define a clause tableau calculus for MaxSAT and prove its soundness and completeness. We then define a clause tableau calculus for MinSAT and also prove its soundness and completeness. Finally, we define a complete clause tableau calculus for solving both MaxSAT and MinSAT, in that the minimum number of generated empty clauses provides an optimal MaxSAT solution and the maximum number provides an optimal MinSAT solution.