bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Norwegian midwives' perceptions of their practice environment: A mixed methods study
Authors: Lukasse Mirjam , Henriksen Lena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate Norwegian midwives’ perceptions of their working environment.DesignA nationwide postal survey in 2014 collected information from 489 midwives, including the Practice Environment Scale and seven open‐ended questions concerning the workplace.MethodsPsychometric‐, descriptive‐ and comparative analysis was used for the quantitative data and content analysis for the qualitative data.ResultsPsychometric analyses yielded five subscales: Quality of management; Resource adequacy; Midwife‐doctor relations; Opportunities for development; and Midwifery foundation for care. Content analyses identified four main themes: Lack of resources; Insufficient support; Staying in midwifery; and Lack of influence. Subthemes only found in the qualitative analysis were as follows: Fear of adverse events and The strain of shift work. Most midwives rated the PES subscales Midwife‐doctor relations and Quality of management favourable. In contrast, the theme Lack of influence showed that midwives felt powerless in a constantly changing work environment and ruled by the medical model of care.
Application of 1H‐NMR‐based metabolomics to the analysis of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) supplements
Authors: Turbitt John R. , Colson Kimberly L. , Killday K. Brian , Milstead Andrew , Neto Catherine C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionCommercial cranberry supplements provide a low‐sugar alternative to juices and sweetened fruit consumed for health benefits, but their phytochemical composition and associated biological activity varies depending on the source material and post‐harvest processing. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) is a rapid and environmentally friendly method of generating metabolic profiles of plant materials that may be used to authenticate cranberry products.ObjectiveThe 1H NMR‐based chemometrics were used to characterise variations in metabolic profiles of cranberry supplements in comparison to a whole cranberry powder reference standard.Materials and MethodsThe secondary metabolite profiles of nine commercial cranberry supplements were compared to a whole cranberry powder reference standard, using 1H‐NMR with Bruker AssureNMR software and principal component analysis (PCA). Content of selected triterpenoids and organic acids was determined by quantitative NMR. Total proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins were determined by established methods.ResultsPCA of 1H‐NMR spectra showed overlap between the cranberry standard and three supplements, but most products varied substantially in metabolic profile. Metabolites contributing to the observed variance include citric acid and cranberry peel constituents ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and hyperoside. Ursolic, oleanolic, citric, quinic and malic acids were readily determined by quantitative 1H‐NMR in the whole cranberry standard, but were below detection limits in many supplements. Proanthocyanidin and flavonoid content in several products was minimal or below detection limits.ConclusionThe 1H‐NMR chemometrics found significant variation in composition of characteristic cranberry metabolites among commercial preparations, reinforcing the need for reliable industry standards
Self‐similarity analysis of vehicle driver's electrodermal activity
Authors: El Haouij Neska , Ghozi Raja , Poggi Jean‐Michel , Sevestre‐Ghalila Sylvie , Jaïdane Mériem 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper characterizes stress levels via a self‐similarity analysis of the electrodermal activity (EDA) collected in a real‐world driving context. To characterize the EDA richness over scales, the fractional Brownian motion (FBM) process and its corresponding exponent H, estimated via a wavelet‐based approach, are used. Specifically, an automatic scale range selection is proposed in order to detect the linearity in a log scale diagram. The procedure is applied to the EDA signals, from the open database drivedb, originally captured on the foot and the hand of the drivers during a real‐world driving experiment, designed to evoke different levels of arousal and stress. The estimated Hurst exponent H offers a distinction in stress levels when driving in highway versus city, with a reference to restful state of minimal stress level. Specifically, the estimated H values tend to decrease when the driving environmental complexity increases. In addition, the estimated H values on the foot EDA signals allow a better characterization of the driving task than that of hand EDA. The self‐similarity analysis was applied to various physiological signals in literature but not to the EDA so far, a signal which was found to correlate most with human affect. The proposed analysis could be useful in real‐time monitoring of stress levels in urban driving spaces, among other applications.
Boundary Layer Ozone Across the Indian Subcontinent: Who Influences Whom?
Authors: David Liji M. , Ravishankara A. R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBoundary layer ozone (BLO3) over the Indian subcontinent (IS) can be region‐specific with consequences to health and pollution management strategies. The Goddard Earth Observing System‐Chemistry (GEOS‐Chem) model was used to estimate the contributions of eight IS regions on each other for BLO3. BLO3 in northern India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka is mostly (~65‐70%) influenced by regions outside the subcontinent. Roughly 30% of BLO3 over eastern India is from within the IS, mostly from the Indo‐Gangetic Plain and central India (CI). Southern India is influenced by CI; however, it hardly influences other regions. Northern India and Sri Lanka regions are essentially isolated from other regions in the IS. The meteorology is the primary factor in the redistribution of BLO3 and its precursors. Our results highlight the emerging importance of CI to O3 pollution in addition to the Indo‐Gangetic Plain and shed light on potential strategies for O3 control in the IS.
TOPK inhibits autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1 and promotes glioma resistance to TMZ
Authors: Lu Hui , Xiao Juanjuan , Ke Changshu , Ni Xiaofang , Xiu Ruijuan , Tian Qin , Pan Huaxiong , Zou Ling , Wang Fei , Ma Tengfei , Ji Xinying , Yuan Ping , Liu Lin , Zhang Jianmin , Jia Wei , Duan Qiuhong , Zhu Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractULK1, the upper-most protein of the ULK1 complex, is emerging as a crucial node in autophagy induction. However, the regulation of ULK1 is not fully understood. In this study, we identified TOPK (T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase), an oncokinase, as a novel upstream kinase to phosphorylate ULK1. We found that TOPK could directly bind with and phosphorylate ULK1 at Ser469, Ser495, and Ser533. The phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser469, Ser495, and Ser533 by TOPK decreased the activity and stability of ULK1. In addition, we want to examine the initiation of autophagy because the reduction activity of ULK1 reduces the occurrence of autophagy. We demonstrated that TOPK could inhibit the initiation and progression of autophagy in glioma cells. Furthermore, TOPK inhibition increased the sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ). This discovery provides insight into the problem of TMZ-resistance in GBM treatment.
Asymmetrical methyltransferase PRMT3 regulates human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis via miR-3648
Authors: Min Zhang , Xiaomeng Liu , Zheng Li , Yangge Du , Xuejiao Liu , Longwei Lv , Xiao Zhang , Yunsong Liu , Ping Zhang , Yongsheng Zhou 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHistone arginine methylation, which is catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), plays a key regulatory role in various biological processes. Several PRMTs are involved in skeletal development; however, their role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is not completely clear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function of PRMT3, a type-I PRMT that catalyzes the formation of ω-mono- or asymmetric dimethyl arginine, in MSCs osteogenesis. We found that PRMT3 promoted MSCs osteogenic commitment and bone remodeling. PRMT3 activated the expression of miR-3648 by enhancing histone H4 arginine 3 asymmetric dimethylation (H4R3me2a) levels at promoter region of the gene. Overexpression of miR-3648 rescued impaired osteogenesis in PRMT3-deficient cells. Moreover, administration of Prmt3 shRNA or a chemical inhibitor of PRMT3 (SGC707) caused an osteopenia phenotype in mice. These results indicate that PRMT3 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of bone regeneration and osteopenia disorders.
Exogenous WNT5A and WNT11 proteins rescue CITED2 dysfunction in mouse embryonic stem cells and zebrafish morphants
Authors: Santos João M. A. , Mendes-Silva Leonardo , Afonso Vanessa , Martins Gil , Machado Rui S. R. , Lopes João A. , Cancela Leonor , Futschik Matthias E. , Sachinidis Agapios , Gavaia Paulo , Bragança José 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMutations and inadequate methylation profiles of CITED2 are associated with human congenital heart disease (CHD). In mouse, Cited2 is necessary for embryogenesis, particularly for heart development, and its depletion in embryonic stem cells (ESC) impairs cardiac differentiation. We have now determined that Cited2 depletion in ESC affects the expression of transcription factors and cardiopoietic genes involved in early mesoderm and cardiac specification. Interestingly, the supplementation of the secretome prepared from ESC overexpressing CITED2, during the onset of differentiation, rescued the cardiogenic defects of Cited2-depleted ESC. In addition, we demonstrate that the proteins WNT5A and WNT11 held the potential for rescue. We also validated the zebrafish as a model to investigate cited2 function during development. Indeed, the microinjection of morpholinos targeting cited2 transcripts caused developmental defects recapitulating those of mice knockout models, including the increased propensity for cardiac defects and severe death rate. Importantly, the co-injection of anti-cited2 morpholinos with either CITED2 or WNT5A and WNT11 recombinant proteins corrected the developmental defects of Cited2-morphants. This study argues that defects caused by the dysfunction of Cited2 at early stages of development, including heart anomalies, may be remediable by supplementation of exogenous molecules, offering the opportunity to develop novel therapeutic strategies aiming to prevent CHD.
C-Jun drives melanoma progression in PTEN wild type melanoma cells
Authors: Kappelmann-Fenzl Melanie , Gebhard Claudia , Matthies Alexander O. , Kuphal Silke , Rehli Michael , Bosserhoff Anja Katrin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDue to the critical impact of active AP-1 transcription factors in melanoma, it is important to define their target genes and to identify and ultimately inhibit oncogenic signals. Here we mapped the genome-wide occupancy of the AP-1 family member c-Jun in different melanoma cells and correlated AP-1 binding with transcriptome data to detect genes in melanoma regulated by c-Jun. Our analysis shows that c-Jun supports the malignant phenotype by deregulating genes in cancer-relevant signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. Moreover, we demonstrate that the importance of c-Jun depends on melanoma stage and mutation status of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Our study reveals that activation of c-Jun overrules the tumor suppressive effect of PTEN in early melanoma development. These findings help to understand the relevance of c-Jun within cancer pathways in different melanoma cell types, especially in relation to MAPK and PI3K pathways, which are commonly deregulated in melanomas. Consequently, targeting c-Jun in PTEN+ melanoma cells may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit survival of melanoma cells to prevent the development of a metastatic phenotype.
Abrogation of store-operated Ca2+ entry protects against crystal-induced ER stress in human proximal tubular cells
Authors: Gombedza Farai C. , Shin Samuel , Kanaras Yianni L. , Bandyopadhyay Bidhan C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCalcium crystal internalization into proximal tubular (PT) cells results in acute kidney injury, nephrocalcinosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and kidney-stone formation. Ca2+ supersaturation in PT luminal fluid induces calcium crystal formation, leading to aberrant crystal internalization into PT cells. While such crystal internalization produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell membrane damage, and apoptosis; the upstream signaling events involving dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and ER stress, remain largely unknown. We have recently described a transepithelial Ca2+ transport pathway regulated by receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE) in PT cells. Therefore, we examined the pathophysiological consequence of internalization of stone-forming calcium crystals such as calcium phosphate (CaP), calcium oxalate (CaOx), and CaP + CaOx (mixed) crystals on the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling by measuring dynamic changes in Ca2+ transients in HK2, human PT cells, using pharmacological and siRNA inhibitors. The subsequent effect on ER stress was measured by changes in ER morphology, ER stress-related gene expression, endogenous ROS production, apoptosis, and necrosis. Interestingly, our data show that crystal internalization induced G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated sustained rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE); suggesting that the mode of Ca2+ entry switches from ROCE to SOCE following crystal internalization. We found that SOCE components—stromal interacting molecules 1 and 2 (STIM1, STIM2) and ORAI3 (SOCE) channel were upregulated in these crystal-internalized cells, which induced ER stress, ROS production, and cell death. Finally, silencing those SOCE genes protected crystal-internalized cells from prolonged [Ca2+]i rise and ER stress. Our data provide insight into the molecular mechanism of crystal-induced Ca2+ dysregulation, ER stress, and PT cell death and thus could have a translational role in treating crystal nephropathies including kidney stones. Taken together, modulation of Ca2+ signaling can be used as a tool to reverse the pathological consequence of crystal-induced conditions including cardiovascular calcification.
Pristimerin induces apoptosis and autophagy via activation of ROS/ASK1/JNK pathway in human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhao Qun , Liu Yingxiang , Zhong Jing , Bi Yun , Liu Yongqiang , Ren Ziting , Li Xiang , Jia Junjun , Yu Mengting , Yu Xianjun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, and progress toward long-term survival has stagnated. Pristimerin, a natural quinonemethide triterpenoid, exhibits potential anti-tumor effects on various cancers. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that pristimerin reduced the viability of breast cancer cells in vitro and the growth of xenografts in vivo, and these reductions were accompanied by thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) inhibition and ASK1 and JNK activation. The results showed that pristimerin inhibited cell cycle progression and triggered cell apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, we found that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was a critical mediator in pristimerin-induced cell death. Enhanced ROS generation by pristimerin activated the ASK1/JNK signaling pathway. Inhibition of ROS with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) significantly decreased pristimerin-induced cell death by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ASK1 and JNK. Taken together, these results suggest a critical role for the ROS/ASK1/JNK pathway in the anticancer activity of pristimerin.
A Stitch in Time Saved Nine: Early Recognition of Propofol Infusion Syndrome under Anesthesia: A Case Report
Authors: Bithal Parmod K. , Ahmad Gazi P. , Daniel Vandan W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThough propofol infusion syndrome results from a larger dose of infusion over a longer period of time, we observed its development even when it was infused for a shorter period of time. In our patient, it was heralded by progressive acidosis and hyperkalemia. Discontinuation of propofol and simultaneous treatment of hyperkalemia averted any harm to the patient.
Sitting Position in Neurosurgery
Authors: Goraksha Shwetal , Thakore Bhoomika , Monteiro Joseph 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeurosurgery in the sitting position is used for resection of tumors located in the cerebellopontine angle, pineal region, other technically difficult tumors in the infratentorial region, as well as surgeries of the cervical spine. Since its inception, the use of this particular position has been contentious due its risk-benefit analysis. With improved microsurgical equipment and surgical and anesthetic techniques, as well as advanced monitoring techniques to assure patient safety, many centers are revisiting the sitting position for its potential benefits.
Periprocedural Management during Placement of Flow Diverters in Intracranial Aneurysms: A Clinical Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Mishra Rajeeb K. , Mahajan Charu , Kapoor Indu , Prabhakar Hemanshu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Placement of flow diverter (FD) is an endovascular technique where the flow to the aneurysm is directed away from the aneurysmal sac using a stent in the parent vessel. In this clinical report, the authors share their institutional experience pertaining to clinical course of patients with intracranial aneurysm requiring placement of FD.
Materials and Methods After approval from institute ethics committee (IEC), the authors retrospectively studied all patients who underwent placement of FD for intracranial aneurysms from January 2014 to December 2017. Data regarding patient demographics, presenting complaints, aneurysm details, anesthesia technique, and intra- and postprocedural complications were noted. Duration of hospital stay, neurological outcome as measured by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at discharge and at 6 months was noted. Data are presented as median (range) or number (%).
Results Over a period of 3 years, 22 patients underwent FD placement. Two patients had subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at the time of presentation, and the rest had unruptured aneurysms. All patients received general anesthesia (GA) for the procedure, and intravenous propofol was used for induction of anesthesia. Majority of the patients received sevoflurane and nitrous oxide combination for maintenance of anesthesia (20/22 [91%]). Five patients were not extubated at the end of the procedure. The most common indication for mechanical ventilation was delayed reversal because of hypothermia. At 6 months of follow-up, GOS was 5 in 18 patients. None of the patients developed any delayed complications related to FD and were neurologically intact.
Conclusions The use of FD for the treatment of aneurysms is a safe option. GA was used for carrying out procedure in all patients. The neurological outcome was good in all patients who were followed at 6 months.
Recurrence Risk in Patients with Cryptogenic Stroke, Patent Foramen Ovale, and Thrombophilia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hviid Claus V. B. , Simonsen Claus Ziegler , Hvas Anne-Mette 
Published: August 2019

Objective A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is frequently associated with cryptogenic stroke in the young. Endovascular closure is superior to antithrombotic treatment in prevention of recurrence, but in the presence of a concomitant thrombophilia, the best preventive strategy is unknown. This review investigates if thrombophilia increases the risk of recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO and attempts to evaluate the best antithrombotic strategy after PFO closure in these patients.
Methods Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched until April 2018. Study quality was assessed by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Quality assessment tool. Odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio for recurrence were pooled in a random effect model stratified by secondary preventive strategy.
Results Eleven studies were included. Inherited or acquired thrombophilia was associated with an increased risk of recurrence (OR = 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–4.06). Looking only at patients treated with PFO closure, the risk of recurrence just lost significance (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 0.95–4.48). The antithrombotic treatment after PFO closure was heterogeneous and recurrent events occurred in patients with both inherited and acquired thrombophilia treated by antiplatelet as well as anticoagulant therapy.
Conclusion Thrombophilia is associated with an increased risk of recurrence in patients with PFO and cryptogenic stroke, which may persist after PFO closure. This suggests a need for antithrombotic therapy after PFO closure. Study heterogeneity precludes strong conclusions on antithrombotic treatment, but life-long antiplatelet therapy to patients without preexisting indication for anticoagulant therapy seems reasonable.
Cerebral White Matter Lesions and Dysmorphisms: Signs Suggestive of 6p25 Deletion Syndrome—Literature Review
Authors: Pavone Piero , Marino Simona Domenica , Corsello Giovanni , Ruggieri Martino , Chiodo Danilo Castellano , Marino Silvia , Falsaperla Raffaele 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeletion of the region including chromosome 6p25 has been defined as a syndrome, with more than 68 reported cases. Individuals affected by the syndrome exhibit variable findings, including developmental delay and intellectual disability, cardiac anomalies, dysmorphic features, and—less commonly—skeletal and renal malformations. Ocular and hearing abnormalities are the most notable presenting features. The region encompasses more than 15 genes, of which the FOX group is the most likely causal factor of the clinical manifestations. We report the case of a 2-year-old child with developmental delay, generalized hypotonia, facial dysmorphism, and anomalies involving malformations of the eyes, heart, teeth, and skeleton. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the child's brain displayed cerebral anomalies involving the white matter, perivascular spaces, and corpus callosum. Array-CGH (comparative genomic hybridization) analysis displayed a de novo partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 6, extending 5.13 Mb from nt 407.231 to nt 5.541.179. In infancy, neuroradiologic findings of abnormalities in the cerebral white matter and other neurologic anomalies elsewhere in the brain, in association with dysmorphisms and malformations, are highly suggestive of the diagnosis of 6p25 deletion syndrome. When these anomalies are found, the syndrome must be included in the differential diagnosis of disorders affecting the cerebral white matter.