bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of nonstationarity in low flow in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Yu Kun‐xia , Gottschalk Lars , Zhang Xiang , Li Peng , Li Zhanbin , Xiong Lihua , Sun Qian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn approach for nonstationary low‐flow frequency analysis is developed and demonstrated on a dataset from the rivers on the Loess Plateau of China. Nonstationary low‐flow frequency analysis has drawn significant attention in recent years by establishing relationships between low‐flow series and explanatory variables series, but few studies have tested whether the time‐varying moments of low flow can be fully described by the time‐varying moments of the explanatory variables. In this research, the low‐flow distributions are analytically derived from the 2 basic explanatory variables—the recession duration and the recession coefficient—with the assumption that the recession duration and recession coefficient variables follow exponential and gamma distributions, respectively; the derived low‐flow distributions are applied to test whether the time‐varying moments of explanatory variables can explain the nonstationarities found in the low‐flow variable. The effects of ecosystem construction measures, that is, check dam, terrace, forest, and grassland, on the recession duration and recession coefficient are further discussed. Daily flow series from 11 hydrological stations from the Loess Plateau are used and processed with a moving average technique. Low‐flow data are extracted following the pit under threshold approach. Six of the 11 low‐flow series show significant nonstationarities at the 5% significance level, and the trend curves of the moments of low flow are in close agreement with the curves estimated from the derived distribution with time‐dependent moments of the recession duration and time‐constant moments of the recession coefficient. It is indicated that the nonstationarity in the low‐flow distribution results from the nonstationarity in the recession duration in all 6 cases, and the increase in the recession duration is resulted from large‐scale ecosystem constructions rather than climate change. The large‐scale ecosystem constructions are found to have more influence on the decrease in streamflow than on the increase in watershed storage, thus resulting in the reduction of low flow. A high return period for the initial fixed design value decreases dramatically with an increasing recession duration.
Une Approche Participative Pour Améliorer La Maintenance Du Reseau Et La Gestion De L'eau Dans Un Périmètre Irrigué Au mali
Authors: Dicko Mohamed , Diawara Bandiougou , Tangara Bréhima , Jamin Jean‐Yves , Rougier Jean‐Emmanuel , Bah Sékou 
Published: April 2018

RésuméLe déficit de maintenance est un problème récurrent dans la plupart des grands périmètres irrigués. Cela concerne donc également l'Office du Niger, au Mali. Pour traiter cette question, une approche participative a été utilisée pendant deux ans au niveau d'une maille hydraulique comprenant un canal secondaire et des canaux tertiaires, avec les agriculteurs de deux villages. Les agriculteurs ont été largement impliqués dans la co‐construction de solutions et leur mise en œuvre. Cette approche a nécessité de nombreuses rencontres et des discussions avec les acteurs à travers deux forums: une Communauté de Pratique (CoP) au niveau local, et un forum des acteurs (LPA) pour les niveaux régional et national.Cette approche a permis une amélioration significative de la maintenance des canaux et l'efficience de l'eau d'irrigation. Selon les agriculteurs, ‘bien que l'approche soit très contraignante, car non conforme à nos habitudes de réunion et de partage de connaissances, elle est sans aucun doute très avantageuse car elle nous met au centre de la prise de décision'. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intergenerational mobility: New evidence from consumption data
Authors: Bruze Gustaf 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe intergenerational persistence of consumption describes the extent to which children inherit the living standards of their parents. Evidence on this parameter is scarce due to limited data on the joint consumption of parents and children. This paper identifies parents who participated in the Danish Expenditure Survey, links them to their children through population‐wide Danish registries, and estimates the intergenerational elasticity of consumption in Denmark. The results suggest that, consistent with intergenerational consumption smoothing, the persistence of consumption across generations is higher than the persistence of earnings and income.
Long‐term feasibility and biocompatibility of directly microsurgically implanted intrafascicular electrodes in free roaming rabbits
Authors: Zhen Gehua , Chen Huanwen , Tsai Shin‐Yi , Zhang Jian , Chen Tongyi , Jia Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNovel neural interfaces capable of reliably capturing electrical signals are crucial for the development of prostheses. Longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes (LIFEs) have been proposed as a promising technology, and their feasibility and biocompatibility need to be investigated for long‐term implantation. In this study, custom‐designed 95%Pt–5%Ir intrafascicular electrodes were implanted into the sciatic nerves of 14 rabbits using our novel direct microsurgical technique. The biocompatibility and their ability to record electrophysiological signals were serially investigated up to 9 months after implantation. Nerve tissues were examined using light and transmitted electron microscopy, and axon diameters were quantified, evaluated over time, and compared with sham‐control (N = 4). Selective stimulation and stable recording properties of electrical signals were achieved by intrafascicular electrodes along the experimental period. While electrophysiological signal amplitude decreased by as early as 1 month after implantation (p < 0.05), the signal strength recovered to baseline levels by 3–5 months (p > 0.05). Axon diameter results showed a similar trend of initial decline (10.8% reduction, p < 0.01) followed by gradual recovery by 6 months (p > 0.05). Microstructural and ultrastructural analysis revealed modest tissue damage at the implantation site after implantation with gradual normalization over time. Intrafascicular electrodes implanted with direct microsurgical techniques demonstrated good biocompatibility and have great potential for long‐term implantation and electrophysiological recordings. Though subtle tissue damage impaired ability to capture electrophysiological signals in the first 2 months, this damage gradually normalized after 3 months, and was fully normalized by 6 months. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 435–444, 2019.
Degree sum and vertex dominating paths
Authors: Faudree Jill , Faudree Ralph J. , Gould Ronald J. , Horn Paul , Jacobson Michael S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA vertex dominating path in a graph is a path P such that every vertex outside P has a neighbor on P. In 1988 H. Broersma [5] stated a result implying that every n‐vertex k‐connected graph G such that contains a vertex dominating path. We provide a short, self‐contained proof of this result and further show that every n‐vertex k‐connected graph such that contains a vertex dominating path of length at most , where T is a minimum dominating set of vertices. An immediate corollary of this result is that every such graph contains a vertex dominating path with length bounded above by a logarithmic function of the order of the graph. To derive this result, we prove that every n‐vertex k‐connected graph with contains a path of length at most , through any set of T vertices where .
Sufficient conditions for the existence of a path‐factor which are related to odd components
Authors: Egawa Yoshimi , Furuya Michitaka , Ozeki Kenta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, we are concerned with sufficient conditions for the existence of a ‐factor. We prove that for , there exists such that if a graph G satisfies for all , then G has a ‐factor, where is the number of components C of with . On the other hand, we construct infinitely many graphs G having no ‐factor such that for all .
No optimal 1‐planar graph triangulates any nonorientable closed surface
Authors: Nagasawa Taku , Noguchi Kenta , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSuzuki [Discrete Math. 310 (2010), 6–11] proved that for any orientable closed surface F2 other than the sphere, there exists an optimal 1‐planar graph which can be embedded on F2 as a triangulation. However, for nonorientable closed surfaces, the existence of such graphs is unknown. In this article, we prove that no optimal 1‐planar graph triangulates a nonorientable closed surface.
Visible Light‐Induced Synthesis of Biscoumarin Analogs under Catalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Nadaf Ankusab Noorahmadsab , Shivashankar Kalegowda 
Published: April 2018

Biscoumarin analogs were synthesized by the reaction between two equivalent of 4‐hydroxycoumarin and one equivalent of aryl aldehydes induced by visible light [22 W compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) bulb]. This new method is simple, cost‐effective, and furnished excellent yields with broad substrate generality in short reaction time.
Bridging the HIV treatment gap in Nigeria: examining community antiretroviral treatment models
Authors: Oladele Edward A , Badejo Okikiolu A , Obanubi Christopher , Okechukwu Emeka F , James Ezekiel , Owhonda Golden , Omeh Onuche I , Abass Moyosola , Negedu‐Momoh Olubunmi R , Ojehomon Norma , Oqua Dorothy , Raj‐Pandey Satish , Khamofu Hadiza , Torpey Kwasi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionSignificant gaps persist in providing HIV treatment to all who are in need. Restricting care delivery to healthcare facilities will continue to perpetuate this gap in limited resource settings. We assessed a large‐scale community‐based programme for effectiveness in identifying people living with HIV and linking them to antiretroviral treatment.MethodsA retrospective secular trend study of 14 high burden local government areas of Nigeria was conducted in which two models of community antiretroviral treatment delivery were implemented: Model A (on‐site initiation) and Model B (immediate referral) clusters. Model A cluster offered services within communities, from HIV diagnosis to immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation and some follow‐up. Model B cluster offered services for HIV diagnosis up to baseline evaluation and provided referral for antiretroviral therapy initiation to nearest health facility providing HIV services. For controls, we selected and cluster‐matched 34 local government areas where community antiretroviral treatment delivery was not implemented. Outcomes of interest were: the number of people identified as HIV positive and the number of HIV‐positive individuals started on antiretroviral treatment; from June 2014 to May 2016. We used interrupted time‐series analysis to estimate outcome levels and trends across the pre‐and post‐intervention periods.ResultsBefore community antiretrovial treatment introduction, Model A cluster identified, per 100,000 catchment population, 500 HIV‐positives (95% CI: 399.66 to 601.41) and initiated 216 HIV‐positives on antiretroviral treatment (95% CI: 152.72 to 280.10). Model B cluster identified 32 HIV‐positives (95% CI: 25.00 to 40.51) and initiated 8 HIV‐positives on antiretroviral treatment (95% CI: 5.54 to 10.33). After commART introduction, Model A cluster showed an immediate significant increase in 744 HIV‐positive persons (p = 0.00, 95% CI: 360.35 to 1127.77) and 560 HIV‐positives initiated on treatment (p = 0.00, 95% CI: 260.56 to 859.64). Model B cluster showed an immediate significant increase in 30 HIV‐positive persons identified (p = 0.01, 95% CI: 8.38 to 51.93) but not in the number of HIV‐positives initiated on treatment. Model B cluster showed increased month‐on‐month trends of both outcomes of interest (3.4, p = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.44 to 6.38).ConclusionBoth community‐models had similar population‐level effectiveness for rapidly identifying people living with HIV but differed in effectively transitioning them to treatment. Comprehensiveness, integration and attention to barriers to care are important in the design of community antiretroviral treatment delivery.
Differentiation of brain infection from necrotic glioblastoma using combined analysis of diffusion and perfusion MRI
Authors: Chawla Sanjeev , Wang Sumei , Mohan Suyash , Nasrallah MacLean , Verma Gaurav , Brem Steven , O'Rourke Donald M. , Wolf Ronald L. , Poptani Harish , Nabavizadeh S. Ali 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundAccurate differentiation of brain infections from necrotic glioblastomas (GBMs) may not always be possible on morphologic MRI or on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion‐weighted imaging (DSC‐PWI) if these techniques are used independently.PurposeTo investigate the combined analysis of DTI and DSC‐PWI in distinguishing brain injections from necrotic GBMs.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationFourteen patients with brain infections and 21 patients with necrotic GBMs.Field Strength/Sequence3T MRI, DTI, and DSC‐PWI.AssessmentParametric maps of mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), coefficient of linear (CL), and planar anisotropy (CP) and leakage corrected cerebral blood volume (CBV) were computed and coregistered with postcontrast T1‐weighted and FLAIR images. All lesions were segmented into the central core and enhancing region. For each region, median values of MD, FA, CL, CP, relative CBV (rCBV), and top 90th percentile of rCBV (rCBVmax) were measured.Statistical TestsAll parameters from both regions were compared between brain infections and necrotic GBMs using Mann–Whitney tests. Logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain the best model in distinguishing these two conditions.ResultsFrom the central core, significantly lower MD (0.90 × 10−3 ± 0.44 × 10−3 mm2/s vs. 1.66 × 10−3 ± 0.62 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.001), significantly higher FA (0.15 ± 0.06 vs. 0.09 ± 0.03, P < 0.001), and CP (0.07 ± 0.03 vs. 0.04 ± 0.02, P = 0.009) were observed in brain infections compared to those in necrotic GBMs. Additionally, from the contrast‐enhancing region, significantly lower rCBV (1.91 ± 0.95 vs. 2.76 ± 1.24, P = 0.031) and rCBVmax (3.46 ± 1.41 vs. 5.89 ± 2.06, P = 0.001) were observed from infective lesions compared to necrotic GBMs. FA from the central core and rCBVmax from enhancing region provided the best classification model in distinguishing brain infections from necrotic GBMs, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 93%.Data ConclusionCombined analysis of DTI and DSC‐PWI may provide better performance in differentiating brain infections from necrotic GBMs.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:184–194.
Levator Avulsion Is Associated With Pelvic Organ Prolapse 23 Years After the First Childbirth
Authors: Atan Ixora Kamisan , Lin Sylvia , Dietz Hans P. , Herbison Peter , Wilson Peter D. ,   for the ProLong Study Group
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesThis study aimed to ascertain the association between levator avulsion and pelvic organ prolapse (POP).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study involving 195 women enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study and seen 20 years after an index birth. All had a standardized patient‐administered questionnaire, the International Continence Society Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification assessment and 4D translabial ultrasound. Main outcome measures were objective POP clinically and on translabial ultrasound. Postimaging assessment of levator integrity and sonographically determined pelvic organ descent was done blinded against other data.ResultsOf 195 women who were seen a mean of 23 (range, 19.4–46.2) years after their first birth, one declined ultrasound assessment and was excluded, leaving 194. Mean age was 50.2 (range 36.9–66.5) years with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.6 (range, 18.3–54.3) kg/m2. Median parity was 3 (range 1–14). Ninety‐one percent (n = 176) had delivered vaginally. Eighteen percent (n = 34) were symptomatic of prolapse. Clinically, 36% (n = 69) had significant POP. Levator avulsion was diagnosed in 16% (n = 31). Mean levator avulsion defect score was 2.2 (range, 0–12). On univariate analysis, levator avulsion and levator avulsion defect score were associated with clinically and sonographically significant POP, that is, odds ratio 2.6 (1.2–5.7), P = .01; and odds ratio 3.3 (1.4–7.7); P = .003, respectively; Ba (P < .001); bladder (P < .001); uterine (P < .001) and rectal ampulla (P = .009) descent, but not POP symptoms, C, and Bp. Multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders confirmed our findings.ConclusionsLevator avulsion is associated with female pelvic organ prolapse, especially of the anterior and central compartments. This association may become stronger with aging.
Light may have triggered a period of net heterotrophy in Lake Superior
Authors: Brothers Soren , Sibley Paul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent studies of Lake Superior, the Earth's largest freshwater lake by surface area, describe it as net heterotrophic (primary production < community respiration), making it a net source of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. This conclusion is largely based on measurements made between 1998 and 2001. We present a long‐term (1968–2016) analysis of ice‐free (April–November) surface oxygen (O2) saturation data collected by monitoring agencies. These data indicate that Lake Superior's surface waters are typically supersaturated with dissolved O2 from May to September (May–September mean is 103.5% ± 0.6%; pooled mean from April, October, and November is 97.6% ± 1.1%, standard error of the mean). However, these data also support prior studies which describe a state of net heterotrophy from 1998 to 2001. We investigated potential triggers for a transient heterotrophic period and discuss the sources of organic carbon necessary to fuel net heterotrophy in a large oligotrophic lake. We conclude that net heterotrophy likely resulted from an increase in light period and penetration driven by declines in cloud cover, increases in water clarity, and a reduction of winter ice cover following the 1997–1998 El Niño. Together, these could have depleted a pre‐existing pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) via photomineralization and/or photochemical degradation. Our results indicate that Lake Superior is typically net autotrophic (calculated annual CO2 influx = ∼ 0.4 Tg C). These results highlight how water clarity and aquatic DOC pools may interact to induce net metabolic shifts in large oligotrophic aquatic ecosystems.
An alternative approach to conventional seepage meters: Buoy‐type seepage meter
Authors: Lee Bong‐Joo , Lee Ji‐Hoon , Kim Dong‐Hun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe propose a new type of seepage meter to allow sequential measurements of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) rate and SGD‐driven chemical flux at a point on seawater and groundwater interface. The system works on the basis of Δh, the difference in head between groundwater and seawater at groundwater–seawater interface, and uses a vertical cylinder fixed to a buoy to derive groundwater outflow corresponding to Δh from the seepage meter chamber to the vertical cylinder. Laboratory tank tests showed that volumetric flow rate (Q) from the buoy‐type seepage meter (BSM) compared very well with conventional seepage meter (CSM). The linear relationship between Q measurements with the two methods is also statistically significant (R2 = 0.976). Two sample t‐test reveals that there is not a significant difference between means of Q measurements with the two methods. R2 values of linear regressions between volumetric flow rate (Q) and Δh are 0.993 with the BSM, and 0.972 with the CSM. Field tests with the BSM at Bangdu Bay of Jeju Island, Korea also show linear relationship (R2 = 0.86) between SGD flux and Δh, and SGD flux and SGD‐derived chemical fluxes are inversely related to tides. Both results of laboratory and field tests support that the proposed seepage meter can be an alternative to the conventional seepage meters for measuring SGD flux, and that it can be used to monitor temporal variations of SGD flux and SGD‐driven chemical fluxes simultaneously.
A New Family of Photoluminescent Polymers with Dual Chromophores
Authors: Hu Chenxi , Guo Zhaoyan , Ru Yue , Song Wenbo , Liu Zhenjie , Zhang Xiaohong , Qiao Jinliang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA new family of photoluminescent polymers with dual chromophores is prepared in this study by using poly(maleic anhydride‐alt‐vinyl acetate), acetone, and metal hydroxide. These polymers, which contain both bulky carboxylic ester groups and metal carboxylate groups, are found to be dual‐emission photoluminescent, with a blue luminescence excitation‐dependent group and a red luminescence excitation‐independent group. These photoluminescence polymers with a nonconjugated structure and dual chromophores also show characteristics of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). The luminous intensities of the AIE fibers prepared using the polymers are found to increase after stretching, in contrast to traditional photoluminescent fibers with the aggregation‐caused quenching property. The study also finds that the stretched fibers can emit the three primary colors when irradiated by ultraviolet, blue, and green light.
Streptococcus endopeptidases promote HPV infection in vitro
Authors: Pavlova Sylvia I. , Wilkening Reid V. , Federle Michael J. , Lu Yu , Schwartz Joel , Tao Lin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBoth cervical and throat cancers are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV infection requires cleavage of the minor capsid protein L2 by furin. While furin is present in the vaginal epithelium, it is absent in oral epithelial basal cells where HPV infection occurs. The objective of this study was to investigate whether common oral bacteria express furin‐like peptidases. By screening strains representing 12 oral Streptococcus and Enterococcus species, we identified that eight Streptococcus strains displayed high levels of furin‐like peptidase activity, with S. gordonii V2016 the highest. We constructed null mutations for 14 genes encoding putative endopeptidases in S. gordonii V2016. Results showed that three endopeptidases, PepO, PulO, and SepM, had furin‐like activities. All three mutants showed decreased natural transformation by chromosomal DNA, while the pepO mutant also showed reduced transformation by plasmid DNA, indicating involvement of these endopeptidases in competence development. The purified S. gordonii PepO protein promoted infection of epithelial 293TT cells in vitro by HPV16 pseudovirus. In conclusion, oral bacteria might promote HPV infection and contribute to HPV tissue tropism and subsequent carcinogenesis in the oral cavity and throat by providing furin‐like endopeptidases.