bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a unification of niche and neutral models of community ecology
Authors: Laan Andres , de Polavieja Gonzalo G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEcological models of community dynamics fall into two main categories. The neutral theory of biodiversity correctly predicts various large-scale ecosystem characteristics such as the species abundance distributions. On a smaller scale, the niche theory of species competition explains population dynamics and interactions between two to a dozen species. Despite the successes of the two theories, they rely on two contradictory assumptions. In the neutral theory each species is competitively equivalent while in the niche theory every species is specialized to exploit a specific part of its environment. Here we propose a resolution to this contradiction using a game theory model of competition with an attractor hyperplane as its equilibrium solution. When the population dynamics shifts within the hyperplane, it is selectively neutral. However, any movement perpendicular to the hyperplane is subject to restoring forces similar to what is predicted by the niche theory. We show that this model correctly reproduces empirical species abundance distributions and is also compatible with species removal experiments.
FITC Conjugated Polycaprolactone-Glycol-Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing The Longwave Emitting Fluorophore IR 820 For In-Vitro Tracking Of Hyperthermia-Induced Cell Death
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Srivastava Rohit 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCancer theranostic agent IR 820 loses its bioimaging ability once therapy is initiated. At the end of therapy, it becomes difficult to track the cancer cells. To address this, FITC conjugated Polycaprolactone glycol chitosan IR 820 nanoparticles (FITC-PCLGC-IR NPs) has been synthesized for in vitro tracking of hyperthemia induced cell death. Two approaches, namely ex situ and in situ have been pursued FITC conjugation to PCLGC-IR NPs. Further comparisons were made to FITC encapsulated PCLGC-IR NPs in terms of biocompatibility, cellular uptake, photothermal mediated cell death and imaging with respect to laser treatment. We have shown that an 808 nm diode laser treatment did not affect the imaging ability of these NPs whereas cancer. Time scanned fluorescence shows the excellent photostability of this formulation for a maximum of 5 min. The detailed studies of these approaches summarize that FITC conjugation to PCLGC-IR nanoparticles is an effective nano-theranostic solution for image-guided photothermal therapy.
Recruitment of Two Dyneins to an mRNA-Dependent Bicaudal D Transport Complex
Authors: Sladewski Thomas E. , Billington Neil , Ali M. Yusuf , Bookwalter Carol S. , Lu Hailong , Krementsova Elena B. , Schroer Trina A. , Trybus Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe investigated the role of binding partners of full-lengthDrosophilaBicaudal D (BicD) in the activation of dynein-dynactin motility for mRNA transport on microtubules. In single-molecule assays, full-length BicD robustly activated dynein-dynactin only when both the mRNA binding protein Egalitarian (Egl), andK10mRNA cargo were present. Electron microscopy showed that both Egl and mRNA were needed to disrupt an auto-inhibited, looped BicD conformation that sterically prevents dynein-dynactin binding.In vitroreconstituted messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes with two Egl molecules showed faster speeds and longer run lengths than mRNPs with one Egl, suggesting that cargo binding enhances dynein recruitment. Labeled dynein showed that BicD can recruit two dimeric dyneins to the mRNP, resulting in faster speeds and longer run lengths than with one dynein. The fully reconstituted mRNP provides a model for understanding how adaptor proteins and cargo cooperate to confer optimal transport properties to a dynein-driven transport complex.
Texture Analysis of Dystrophic Muscle Biopsies
Authors: Klonowski Wlodzimierz , Kuraszkiewicz Bozenna , Kaminska Anna M. , Kostera-Pruszczyk Anna 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDespite the introduction of a full range of genetic diagnostic tests and sophisticated techniques in modern pathology, interpretation of histopathological images obtained from muscle biopsies remains important in the daily practice of neuropathology since it can give indications of the severity and the rate of progression of neuromuscular disease. In this paper, we propose a simple and time saving method for quantitative assessment of severity of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) based on computer-aided analysis of histopathological images obtained from biopsies of dystrophic muscles. Using this method, colour filtration pixel-by-pixel of the whole virtual slides (CFPP method) is adopted to semi-quantitative evaluation of morphological structure of the muscular tissue. Results demonstrate usefulness of the proposed method in neuropathological assessement of DMD severity.
Epigenome-wide study uncovers tau pathology-driven changes of chromatin organization in the aging human brain
Authors: Klein Hans-Ulrich , McCabe Cristin , Gjoneska Elizabeta , Sullivan Sarah E. , Kaskow Belinda J. , Tang Anna , Smith Robert V. , Xu Jishu , Pfenning Andreas R. , Bernstein Bradley E. , Meissner Alexander , Schneider Julie A. , Mostafavi Sara , Tsai Li-Huei , Young-Pearse Tracy L. , Bennett David A. , De Jager Philip L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAccumulation of tau and amyloid-β are two pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study using the H3K9 acetylation (H3K9Ac) mark in 669 aged human prefrontal cortices: in contrast to amyloid-β, tau protein burden had a broad effect on the epigenome, affecting 5,590 out of 26,384 H3K9Ac domains. Tau-related alterations aggregated in large genomic segments reflecting spatial chromatin organization, and the magnitude of these effects correlated with the segment’s nuclear lamina association. We confirmed the functional relevance of these chromatin changes by demonstrating (1) consistent transcriptional changes in three independent datasets and (2) similar findings in two AD mouse models. Finally, we found that tau overexpression in iPSC-derived neurons disrupted chromatin organization and that these effects could be blocked by a small molecule predicted to reverse the tau effect. Thus, we report large-scale tau-driven chromatin rearrangements in the aging human brain that may be reversible with HSP90 inhibitors.
Constitutive modelling of mechanically induced martensitic transformations
Authors: de Bortoli Daniel , Adziman Fauzan , de Souza Neto Eduardo A. , Pires Francisco M. Andrade 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this work is to apply a recently proposed constitutive model for mechanically induced martensitic transformations to the prediction of transformation loci. Additionally, this study aims to elucidate if a stress-assisted criterion can account for transformations in the so-called strain-induced regime.

Design/methodology/approach
The model is derived by generalising the stress-based criterion of Patel and Cohen (1953), relying on lattice information obtained using the Phenomenological Theory of Martensite Crystallography. Transformation multipliers (cf. plastic multipliers) are introduced, from which the martensite volume fraction evolution ensues. The associated transformation functions provide a variant selection mechanism. Austenite plasticity follows a classical single crystal formulation, to account for transformations in the strain-induced regime. The resulting model is incorporated into a fully implicit RVE-based computational homogenisation finite element code.

Findings
Results show good agreement with experimental data for a meta-stable austenitic stainless steel. In particular, the transformation locus is well reproduced, even in a material with considerable slip plasticity at the martensite onset, corroborating the hypothesis that an energy-based criterion can account for transformations in both stress-assisted and strain-induced regimes.

Originality/value
A recently developed constitutive model for mechanically induced martensitic transformations is further assessed and validated. Its formulation is fundamentally based on a physical metallurgical mechanism and derived in a thermodynamically consistent way, inheriting a consistent mechanical dissipation. This model draws on a reduced number of phenomenological elements and is a step towards the fully predictive modelling of materials that exhibit such phenomena.
Shape optimization of annular S-ducts by CFD and high-order polynomial response surfaces
Authors: Immonen Eero 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to design an optimal shape for an annular S-duct, considering both energy losses and exit flow uniformity, starting from a given baseline design. Moreover, this paper seeks to identify the design factors that affect the optimal annular S-duct designs.Design/methodology/approachThe author has carried out computational fluid dynamic (CFD)-based shape optimization relative to five distinct numerical objectives, to understand their interrelations in optimal designs. Starting from a given baseline S-duct design, they have applied control node-induced shape deformations and high-order polynomial response surfaces for modeling the functional relationships between the shape variables and the numerical objectives. A statistical correlation analysis is carried out across the optimal designs.FindingsThe author has shown by single-objective optimization that the two typical goals in S-duct design, energy loss minimization and exit flow uniformity, are mutually contradictory. He has presented a multi-objective solution for an optimal shape, reducing the total pressure loss by 15.6 per cent and the normalized absolute radial exit velocity by 34.2 per cent relative to a baseline design. For each of the five numerical objectives, the best optimization results are obtained by using high-order polynomial models.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodology is applicable to axisymmetric two-dimensional geometry models.Originality/valueThis paper applies a recently introduced shape optimization methodology to annular S-ducts, and, it is, to the author’s knowledge, the first paper to point out that the two widely studied design objectives for annular S-ducts are contradictory. This paper also addresses the value of using high-order polynomial response surface models in CFD-based shape optimization.
Design of material microstructures for maximum effective elastic modulus and macrostructures
Authors: Da Daicong , Cui Xiangyang , Long Kai , Huang Guanxin , Li Guangyao 
Published: March 2018

PurposeIn pure material design, the previous research has indicated that lots of optimization factors such as used algorithm and parameters have influence on the optimal solution. In other words, there are multiple local minima for the topological design of materials for extreme properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to attempt different or more concise algorithms to find much wider possible solutions to material design. As for the design of material microstructures for macro-structural performance, the previous studies test algorithms on 2D porous or composite materials only, it should be demonstrated for 3D problems to reveal numerical and computational performance of the used algorithm.Design/methodology/approachThe presented paper is an attempt to use the strain energy method and the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) algorithm to tailor material microstructures so as to find the optimal topology with the selected objective functions. The adoption of the strain energy-based approach instead of the homogenization method significantly simplifies the numerical implementation. The BESO approach is well suited to the optimal design of porous materials, and the generated topology structures are described clearly which makes manufacturing easy.FindingsAs a result, the presented method shows high stability during the optimization process and requires little iterations for convergence. A number of interesting and valid material microstructures are obtained which verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm. The numerical examples adequately consider effects of initial guesses of the representative unit cell (RUC) and of the volume constraints of solid materials on the final design. The presented paper also reveals that the optimized microstructure obtained from pure material design is not the optimal solution any more when considering the specific macro-structural performance. The optimal result depends on various effects such as the initial guess of RUC and the size dimension of the macrostructure itself.Originality/valueThis paper presents a new topology optimization method for the optimal design of 2D and 3D porous materials for extreme elastic properties and macro-structural performance. Unlike previous studies, the presented paper tests the proposed optimization algorithm for not only 2D porous material design but also 3D topology optimization to reveal numerical and computational performance of the used algorithm. In addition, some new and interesting material microstructural topologies have been obtained to provide wider possible solutions to the material design.
A novel nature-inspired optimization based neural network simulator to predict coal grindability index
Authors: Yazdani S. , Hadavandi Esmaeil , Hower James , Chehreh Chelgani Saeed 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Hardgrove grindability index (HGI) is an important physical parameter used to demonstrate the relative hardness of coal particles. Modeling of HGI based on coal conventional properties is a quite complicated procedure. The paper aims to develop a new accurate model for prediction of HGI that is called optimized evolutionary neural network (OPENN).

Design/methodology/approach
The procedure for generation of the proposed OPENN predictive model was performed in two stages. In the first stage, as the high dimensionality involved in the input space, a correlation-based feature selection (CFS) algorithm was used to select the most important influencing variables for HGI prediction. In the second stage, a combination of differential evolution (DE) and biography-based optimization (BBO) algorithms as a global search method were applied to evolve weights of a multi-layer perception neural network.

Findings
The proposed OPENN was examined and compared with other typical models using a wide range of Kentucky coal samples. The testing results showed that the accuracy of the proposed OPENN model is significantly better than the other typical models and can be considered as a promising alternative for HGI prediction.

Originality/value
As HGI test is relatively expensive procedure, there is an economical interest on HGI modeling based on coal conventional properties (proximate, ultimate and petrography); the proposed OPENN model to estimate HGI would be a valuable and practical tool for coal industry.
Model-based multi-objective optimization of cure process control for a large CFRP panel
Authors: Shevtsov Sergey , Zhilyaev Igor V. , Tarasov Ilya , Wu Jiing-Kae , Snezhina Natalia G. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop the multi-objective optimization approach and its numerical implementation to synthesise the model-base control for the part curing at autoclave processing, which supplies the stability and uniformity of the structure and mechanical properties of the material within the cured composite part.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach includes conversion of the cured part and mold geometry from their computer-aided design (CAD) to computer-aided engineering (CAE) representation, a finite element (FE) formulation of the coupled forward heat transfer/thermal kinetic problem with the parameters of prepreg, which should be determined by the thermal analysis, and, finally, a mapping of the area of 4D design space (thermal control parameters) to 2D objective space, whose coordinates are the maximum deviations of degree of cure and temperature within the cured part calculated at each call of the FE model.

Findings
The present modeling and optimization approach to the cure process control of the prepreg with thermosetting resin, as well as the means of visualizing optimization results, allow providing insight into complex curing phenomena, estimating the best achievable quality indicators of manufactured composite parts, finding satisfactory parameters of the control law and deciding considering all manufacturing constraints.

Research limitations/implications
The research can be effectively used to optimize the cure process control for a wide class of polymeric composite parts, even with a complex geometry, but it requires the exact conversion of the geometry of the modeled part from the CAD to CAE environment, which implies the need for excluding all topological imperfections of original CAD model to eliminate the possible formation of void elements and other reasons that do not allow the correct FE meshing. Because thermal, rheological and kinetics parameters, which include the governing equations of cure process, depend on the reinforcing fibers, and especially on the resin properties, the thermal testing for the new modeled prepreg needs to be performed.

Practical implications
Computer implementation of the proposed approach and numerical method for model-based optimal control synthesis for composite part cure process can be used in aircraft, rotorcraft, ship and automotive technologies at the design of manufacturing process of the large composite parts with complex shape.

Social implications
This will allow much better quality for large-scale composite parts, excluding very expensive, time-, energy- and material-consuming multiple cure process testing.

Originality/value
This is first time the problem of optimal control synthesis for curing the large-scale composite parts of complex shape was solved.
Technology, Incentives, or Both? Factors Related to Level of Hospital Health Information Exchange
Authors: Lin Sunny C. , Everson Jordan , Adler‐Milstein Julia 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo assess whether the level of health information exchange (HIE) in U.S. hospitals is related to technology capabilities, incentives to exchange, or both.Study SettingA total of 1,812 hospitals attesting to stage 2 of Medicare's Meaningful Use Incentive Program through April 2016.Study DesignHospital‐level, multivariate OLS regression with state fixed effects was used to analyze the relationship between technology capability and incentives measures, and percent of care transitions with summary of care records (SCRs) sent electronically to subsequent providers.Principal FindingsStage 2 hospitals reported sending SCRs electronically for an average of 41 percent (median = 33 percent) of transitions. HIE level is related to four capability measures, one incentive measure, and one measure that is related to both capability and incentive. Percent of transitions with SCRs sent electronically was 3 percentage points higher (95 percent CI: 0.1–5.1) for hospitals with a third‐party HIE vendor, 3 percentage points higher (95 percent CI: 0.5–5.4) for hospitals with an EHR vendor as their HIE vendor, and 3 percentage points higher (95 percent CI: 0.4–5.4) for hospitals that automatically alert primary care providers. The direction and statistical significance of the relationships between specific EHR vendor and electronic SCR transmission level varied by vendor. Nonprofits and government hospitals performed 5 percentage points higher (95 percent CI: 1.5–9.1) and 8 percentage points higher (95 percent CI: 3.4–12.3) than for‐profits. Hospitals in systems performed 3 percentage points higher (95 percent CI: 0.8–6.1).ConclusionThe overall level of HIE is low, with hospitals sending an SCR electronically for less than half of patient transitions. Specific hospital characteristics related to both technology capabilities and incentives were associated with higher levels of HIE.
A Rare Fatal Complication of Llizarov Procedure
Authors: Sikary Asit Kumar , Kumar Mahesh , Dhaka Shivani , Subramanian Arulselvi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIlizarov process is used for the management of multiple fractures, polytrauma conditions, cosmetic limb lengthening, and fracture malunion. Complications associated with the process are nerve palsy, joint contracture, premature or delayed osseous consolidation, a nonunion and permanent stiffness of the joint, pin tract infection, edema, and transient paresthesia, etc. In our case, there was a fatal complication. A 25‐year‐old African lady underwent the Ilizarov procedure for femur lengthening in a hospital in New Delhi, India. During her first distraction process, she suddenly collapsed at the hospital and could not be revived. At postmortem, a small hematoma was seen around the surgically fractured area. On histopathology of internal organs, fat globules were present in the vasculature of brain and lungs. Cause of death was opined as due to fat embolism. This is the first case reported of a fatal fat embolism following Ilizarov procedure for limb lengthening in a healthy adult.
MARKETIZED MENTALITY, COMPETITIVE/EGOISTIC SCHOOL CULTURE, AND DELINQUENT ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR: AN APPLICATION OF INSTITUTIONAL ANOMIE THEORY*
Authors: GROß EVA M. , HÖVERMANN ANDREAS , MESSNER STEVEN F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe analyze the individual‐level and school‐level determinants of delinquency through the lens of a macro‐sociological theory of crime—institutional anomie theory (IAT). The concept of a “marketized mentality” is introduced as a predictor of students’ delinquency, along with an egoistic/competitive school culture—a feature of the school community. Five hypotheses pertaining to the readiness to use violence and self‐reported delinquency were assessed using multilevel modeling with data from a survey in Germany for 4,150 students clustered in 69 schools. The results largely meet theoretical expectations. The measure of marketized mentality exhibits robust relationships with both forms of delinquency at the individual level, and an egoistic/competitive school culture helps explain variation in levels of these forms of delinquency across schools. Also consistent with expectations, the anti‐social effects of marketized mentality are accentuated for both the readiness to use violence and committing instrumentally motivated property offenses as a competitive/egoistic school climate increases. The results of our analyses reveal that bringing in concepts of IAT can appreciably enhance understanding of the characteristics of students and features of communal school organization that are conducive to youthful offending.