bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes‐induced alterations in urothelium function: Enhanced ATP release and nerve‐evoked contractions in the streptozotocin rat bladder
Authors: Lee Sophie , Rose'meyer Roselyn , McDermott Catherine , Chess‐Williams Russ , Sellers Donna J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryUp to 80% of patients with diabetes mellitus develop lower urinary tract complications, most commonly diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of diabetes on the function of the inner bladder lining (urothelium). Bladder compliance and intraluminal release of urothelial mediators, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and acetylcholine (ACh) in response to distension were investigated in whole bladders isolated from 2‐ and 12‐week streptozotocin (STZ)‐diabetic rats. Intact and urothelium‐denuded bladder strips were used to assess the influence of the urothelium on bladder contractility. Intraluminal ATP release was significantly enhanced at 2 weeks of diabetes, although not at 12 weeks. In contrast, intraluminal ACh release was unaltered by diabetes. Bladder compliance was also significantly enhanced at both 2 and 12 weeks of diabetes, with greatly reduced intravesical pressures in response to distension. Nerve‐evoked contractions of bladder strips were significantly greater at 2 weeks of diabetes. When the urothelium was absent, nerve‐evoked contractions were reduced, but contractions remained significantly elevated at lower frequencies of stimulation (<5 Hz) in diabetics. Interestingly, although relaxations of bladder strips to isoprenaline were unaltered by diabetes, removal of the urothelium unmasked significantly enhanced relaxations in strips from 2‐ and 12‐week diabetic animals. In conclusion, diabetes alters urothelial function. Enhanced urothelial ATP release may be involved in the hypercontractility observed at early time points of diabetes. These alterations are time‐dependent and may contribute to the mechanisms at play during the development of diabetic bladder dysfunction.
Grazing was not mining: managing Victoria's goldfields commons
Authors: Davies Peter , Lawrence Susan , Twigg Karen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe great land rush of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw vast swathes of temperate grazing land around the world pass into private hands. Commons and common lands, however, provided a vital interim mechanism in this shift from state control to private property ownership. Commons ensured continued and widespread access to natural resources, including water, minerals, soil, grass, and timber, that was integral to the colonial settler project. The gold rush in nineteenth‐century Victoria sheds important light on this process, where almost 250,000 ha of Crown land were set aside as goldfields commons. These reserves maintained auriferous or gold‐bearing land in public hands and provided access to extensive tracts of grazing for the sheep and cattle of gold miners. In this paper, we examine how the traditional English notion of common lands was transferred to a New World environment and draw on the work of economist Elinor Ostrom to evaluate the use and function of Victoria's goldfields commons in terms of management, regulation, and sustainability.
Mediators and Moderators of a Personalized Feedback Alcohol Intervention for Nonstudent Emerging Adult Drinkers
Authors: Lau‐Barraco Cathy , Braitman Abby L. , Linden‐Carmichael Ashley , Stamates Amy L. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe main objective of this study was to test proposed mediators and moderators of a personalized feedback alcohol intervention (PFI) on alcohol use. Data for the current investigation came from an earlier randomized controlled trial of a PFI targeted for nonstudent heavy drinkers between 18 and 25 years.MethodsParticipants were 164 (65.9% men) drinkers recruited from the community. They were randomly assigned to either a single‐session PFI or an assessment‐only (AO) control group. Follow‐up assessments at 1 and 3 months were included for analysis.ResultsPerceived drinking norms mediated the intervention effect on quantity, frequency, and peak drinking; 2 dimensions of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) mediated the intervention effect on peak drinking; and drinking to cope motives did not mediate any drinking outcomes. Of the moderating factors examined (i.e., norms, PBS, drink to cope motives, age, gender), only PBS related to serious harm reduction moderated intervention impact. Specifically, for those high in serious harm reduction PBS at baseline, postintervention reductions in drinking were stronger for the PFI group compared to AO.ConclusionsOverall, findings highlight the importance of correcting misperceived drinking norms and addressing the use of specific PBS in brief interventions. The knowledge gained from this study represents an important step toward minimizing drinking‐related harms that are disproportionately experienced by those with lower educational attainment.
Combined Face–Brain Morphology and Associated Neurocognitive Correlates in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Suttie Michael , Wozniak Jeffrey R. , Parnell Scott E. , Wetherill Leah , Mattson Sarah N. , Sowell Elizabeth R. , Kan Eric , Riley Edward P. , Jones Kenneth L. , Coles Claire , Foroud Tatiana , Hammond Peter ,   the CIFASD
Published: June 2018

BackgroundSince the 1970s, a range of facial, neurostructural, and neurocognitive adverse effects have been shown to be associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Typically, these effects are studied individually and not in combination. Our objective is to improve the understanding of the teratogenic effects of prenatal alcohol exposure by simultaneously considering face–brain morphology and neurocognitive measures.MethodsParticipants were categorized as control (n = 47), fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS, n = 22), or heavily exposed (HE) prenatally, but not eligible for a FAS diagnosis (HE, n = 50). Structural brain MRI images and high‐resolution 3D facial images were analyzed using dense surface models of features of the face and surface shape of the corpus callosum (CC) and caudate nucleus (CN). Asymmetry of the CN was evaluated for correlations with neurocognitive measures.Results(i) Facial growth delineations for FAS, HE, and controls are replicated for the CN and the CC. (ii) Concordance of clinical diagnosis and face‐based control–FAS discrimination improves when the latter is combined with specific brain regions. In particular, midline facial regions discriminate better when combined with a midsagittal profile of the CC. (iii) A subset of HE individuals was identified with FAS‐like CN dysmorphism. The average of this HE subset was FAS‐like in its facial dysmorphism. (iv) Right–left asymmetry found in the CNs of controls is not apparent for FAS, is diminished for HE, and correlates with neurocognitive measures in the combined FAS and HE population.ConclusionsShape analysis which combines facial regions with the CN, and with the CC, better identify those with FAS. CN asymmetry was reduced for FAS compared to controls and is strongly associated with general cognitive ability, verbal learning, and recall in those with prenatal alcohol exposure. This study further extends the brain–behavior relationships known to be vulnerable to alcohol teratogenesis.
Distributions of birds and plants in ecoregions: Implications for the conservation of a neotropical biodiversity hotspot
Authors: dos Anjos Luiz , Volpato Graziele H. , Lopes Edson V. , Willrich Guilherme , Bochio Gabriela M. , Arakaki Lindsey Barbara R. , Simões Nadson R. , Mendonça Luciana B. , Boçon Roberto , Carvalho Joema , Lima Marcos R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe delineation of unique areas in biodiversity is crucial for conservation planning. However, identification of distinct biotas is a challenging task. In this study, we use an objective analytical process to test if bird and plant species composition of three different forest formation in the Atlantic forest Biome is sufficiently distinct to merit the recognition of ecoregions. We also evaluated how current climatic and spatial factors shape the distribution of plants and birds. Sampling localities were selected in three forest types of southern Brazil: mixed rain forest (MF), seasonal semi‐deciduous forest (SF) and dense rain forest (DF). The point‐centred quarter method and point counts were used to sample plants and birds respectively. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate species composition, while the Rank Occupancy Abundance Profile was used to determine the association of bird species with each forest type. We used variation partitioning to determine which factors, that is climatic, spatial or tree species abundance (in the case of birds) better explained the distribution of plants and birds. A total of 176 tree species and 270 bird species were recorded. The bird species composition was sufficiently distinct among the three forest types, but the plant species composition was only distinct between DF and MF. Moreover, 61% of bird species were associated with only one forest type. This high association and the different species composition suggest that these forest types are sufficiently distinct to merit the recognition of ecoregions. Plant distribution was mainly affected by climatic variables, while bird distribution was mainly influenced by forest type and less so by climatic variables. Our data suggest that all three forest types should be conserved, but conservation strategies are urgent in MF where only 0.39% of its original cover is under protection.
Does maternity care decision‐making conform to shared decision‐ making standards for repeat cesarean and labor induction after suspected macrosomia?
Authors: Declercq Eugene R. , Cheng Erika R. , Sakala Carol 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn a national United States survey, we investigated whether crucial shared decision‐making standards were met for 2 common maternity care decisions.MethodsSecondary analysis of Listening to Mothers III. A sequence of validated questions concerning shared decision‐making was adapted to 2 maternity care decisions: to induce labor or wait for spontaneous onset of labor among women who were told their baby may be “getting quite large” (N = 349); and for women with 1 or 2 prior cesareans (N = 393), the decision to have a repeat cesarean.ResultsAlmost half (N = 163; 47%) of women who were told their baby might be large reported engaging in a discussion concerning possible labor induction vs waiting for labor, while a large majority (N = 321; 82%) of women with a prior cesarean discussed the option of a repeat cesarean or a planned vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Women who engaged in discussions received disproportionate information about having the interventions and were more likely to experience the interventions (68% induction, 87% repeat cesarean) than women who did not. After adjustment, women who reported that their provider recommended scheduling a repeat cesarean were 14 times more likely to give birth via cesarean compared with those whose providers recommended planning VBAC (AOR 14.2; 95% CI: 3.2, 63.0).ConclusionOur findings suggest that, for the decisions in question, established standards of shared decision‐making are not being reliably implemented in maternity care despite opportunities to do so. Provider recommendations and the disproportionate conveyance of reasons for an intervention appear to be related to higher levels of intervention.
Hot and Cool Self‐Regulation, Academic Competence, and Maladjustment: Mediating and Differential Relations
Authors: Backer‐Grøndahl Agathe , Nærde Ane , Idsoe Thormod 
Published: June 2018

This study examined differential and mediating relations between hot and cool self‐regulation (Mage = 48.2 months; N = 1,155, 48% girls), first‐grade (Mage = 77.5 months) maladjustment (externalizing [EXT] and internalizing [INT] behavior), and first‐ and second‐grade (Mage = 89.5 months) academic competence (AC). Using teacher reported EXT, INT, and AC, partial support for the differential perspective was found in that only hot self‐regulation was significantly related to EXT, whereas both hot and cool self‐regulation was significantly related to AC. Moreover, hot self‐regulation indirectly predicted second‐grade AC through first‐grade EXT, lending some support for the mediating perspective also. The findings contribute to an understanding of how self‐regulation is related to academic and behavioral school adjustment.
Oestradiol level, oestrogen receptors, and mortality in elderly men: The three‐city cohort study
Authors: Laouali Nasser , Brailly‐Tabard Sylvie , Helmer Catherine , Ancelin Marie‐Laure , Tzourio Christophe , Elbaz Alexis , Guiochon‐Mantel Anne , Canonico Marianne 
Published: June 2018

AbstractContextAlthough endogenous oestradiol, generally considered as the female hormone, has been little investigated in men, it could play a role in men's health, mortality in particular. The influence of oestrogen receptors (ER) genetic polymorphisms on this relationship has never been studied.Design and ParticipantsThe Three‐City cohort study included (1999‐2001) 3650 men ≥65 years who were followed for mortality over 12 years. At baseline, total oestradiol (tE2) was measured and ER genotyped in a random subsample of 472 men without hormonal treatment. Free oestradiol (fE2) was estimated using Vermeulen and Södergard algorithms.Main OutcomeMortality data were obtained from death certificates. We used inverse probability weighted Cox models to examine the association of oestradiol with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality and its interaction with ER genetic polymorphisms.ResultsA total of 183 men died over the follow‐up (cardiovascular disease (CVD), n = 44; cancer, n = 57; other causes, n = 82). After adjustment, there was a quadratic relationship of all‐cause mortality with tE2 and fE2 (P‐quadratic = 0.04 and 0.05, respectively), with higher mortality for the top and bottom tertiles compared to the middle one. These associations were stronger for CVD mortality (P‐quadratic = 0.01 and 0.02 for tE2 and fE2, respectively) and disappeared for cancer mortality. There was no evidence of an interaction of oestradiol with any ER polymorphisms on all‐cause mortality.ConclusionIn elderly men, we showed a nonlinear association of tE2 and fE2 with all‐cause mortality. These quadratic relationships were stronger for CVD mortality and did not exist for cancer mortality. ER genetic polymorphisms did not modify this association.
Outcome of fixed volume intracameral sodium hyaluronate 1.4% injection for early postoperative hypotony after Baerveldt glaucoma implant
Authors: Chiam Patrick J , Chen Xiaoli , Haque M Sayeed , Sung Velota CT 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImportanceUsing an ophthalmic viscoelastic device to manage early postoperative hypotony after Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI).BackgroundTo determine the outcome of intracameral sodium hyaluronate injection for early postoperative hypotony treatment after BGI.DesignA retrospective study.ParticipantsOne‐hundred‐and‐thirty‐eight patients (176 eyes) had BGI from January 2012 to November 2015. Those who had hypotony within 3 months postoperatively were studied.MethodsHypotonous eyes were injected with 0.1 mL sodium hyaluronate 1.4% intracameral on the slit‐lamp. The patients were followed up weekly and the injection repeated up to 3 times if hypotony persisted. The tube was tied surgically as a last resort.Main Outcome MeasuresThe intraocular pressure and best‐corrected visual acuity at week 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and month 4 were assessed.ResultsThirty (17.0%) out of 176 eyes developed early postoperative hypotony. The median intraocular pressure and median best‐corrected visual acuity when hypotony first presented were 3 mmHg and 0.8 logMAR. Two eyes were excluded as they had more than 0.1 mL injection. Eight (29%) of the 28 hypotonous eyes resolved after one injection, seven (25%) required two and 10 (36%) needed three injections. Three (11%) eyes had surgical tube tie. The median intraocular pressures were 5, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 13 mmHg at week 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and month 4 post‐injection. The median best‐corrected visual acuity were 0.60, 0.50, 0.50, 0.45, 0.40 and 0.40 logMAR for the same period.Conclusions and RelevanceStandardised intracameral 0.1 mL sodium hyaluronate 1.4% is an effective and safe way to manage early postoperative hypotony after BGI.
Geometric morphometrics, homology and cladistics: review and recommendations
Authors: Palci Alessandro , Lee Michael S. Y. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGeometric morphometric (GM) data has a long and contentious history in phylogenetic analyses. Often associated with phenetics, GM has been considered by many to be unable to provide meaningful information on phylogenetic relationships. However, the concepts of primary and secondary homology as developed for discrete characters can be readily extended to GM data: raw similarity in aligned landmark positions represents primary homology, and similarity ascribable to common ancestry represents secondary homology. We review fundamental concepts from the literature and provide a series of practical guidelines for the use of GM data in phylogenetics: (i) alignments that minimize linear distances between landmarks (or their approximation) perform better in highlighting apomorphic traits; (ii) Type I, Type II and linear semi‐landmarks are preferable to Type III and surface semi‐landmarks; (iii) excluding bilateral landmarks after, rather than before, alignment will prevent artefactual mediolateral displacement of midsagittal landmarks; (iv) phylogenetic analyses should employ linear rather than squared‐change parsimony analysis of landmark displacements; (v) optimization of shape changes across a tree can be improved with methods that re‐align the landmark configurations based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis; and (vi) GM data are no substitute for traditional morphological characters, but rather a complementary descriptor of shape diversity.
Lateral alveolar ridge augmentation with autogenous block grafts fixed at a distance versus resorbable Poly‐D‐L‐Lactide foil fixed at a distance: A single‐blind, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Bartols Andreas , Kasprzyk Sebastian , Walther Winfried , Korsch Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare bone block grafts fixed at a distance (BBG‐D) with the SonicWeld Rx shell technique (Poly‐D‐L‐Lactide foil fixed at a distance, augmented with autogenous and deproteinized bovine bone particles (SWST)) for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation.MethodsIn this single‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial, 30 patients with a bucco‐palatal bone width of ≤3 mm were randomized into the treatment groups: “BBG‐D” and “SWST”. Bone width was measured with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). One implant was placed at each grafted site. Frequencies of complications, bone gain and bone resorption in the CBCT were assessed as outcomes.ResultsFifteen sites were augmented in each treatment group. One graft (7%) in the BBG‐D group and five (33%) in the SWST group were lost (p = 0.17). In the SWST group, two implants (20%) were lost and none in the BBG‐D group (p = 0.18). The rate of pooled severe complications (loss of graft and/or implant) was different (p = 0.035). Five (33%) wound dehiscences happened in the SWST group and none in the BBG‐D group (p = 0.042). Seven (47%) nonsevere complications (wound dehiscence, inflammation, transient nerve injury) happened in the SWST group and one (7%) in the BBG‐D group (p = 0.035). At the one‐year evaluation, there were no significant differences in bone loss at the mesial, distal or buccal implant shoulder between treatment groups.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, the BBG‐D method remains the gold standard for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation compared to the shell technique because of the lower complication rates.
Genome sequencing and conservation genomics in the Scandinavian wolverine population
Authors: Ekblom Robert , Brechlin Birte , Persson Jens , Smeds Linnéa , Johansson Malin , Magnusson Jessica , Flagstad Øystein , Ellegren Hans 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGenetic approaches have proved valuable to the study and conservation of endangered populations, especially for monitoring programs, and there is potential for further developments in this direction by extending analyses to the genomic level. We assembled the genome of the wolverine (Gulo gulo), a mustelid that in Scandinavia has recently recovered from a significant population decline, and obtained a 2.42 Gb draft sequence representing >85% of the genome and including >21,000 protein‐coding genes. We then performed whole‐genome resequencing of 10 Scandinavian wolverines for population genomic and demographic analyses. Genetic diversity was among the lowest detected in a red‐listed population (mean genome‐wide nucleotide diversity of 0.05%). Results of the demographic analyses indicated a long‐term decline of the effective population size (Ne) from 10,000 well before the last glaciation to <500 after this period. Current Ne appeared even lower. The genome‐wide FIS level was 0.089 (possibly signaling inbreeding), but this effect was not observed when analyzing a set of highly variable SNP markers, illustrating that such markers can give a biased picture of the overall character of genetic diversity. We found significant population structure, which has implications for population connectivity and conservation. We used an integrated microfluidic circuit chip technology to develop an SNP‐array consisting of 96 highly informative markers that, together with a multiplex pre‐amplification step, was successfully applied to low‐quality DNA from scat samples. Our findings will inform management, conservation, and genetic monitoring of wolverines and serve as a genomic roadmap that can be applied to other endangered species. The approach used here can be generally utilized in other systems, but we acknowledge the trade‐off between investing in genomic resources and direct conservation actions.
Longitudinal assessment of hepatic fibrosis in responders to direct‐acting antivirals for recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation using noninvasive methods
Authors: Omar Heba , Said Mohamed , Eletreby Rasha , Mehrez Mai , Bassam Mohamed , Abdellatif Zeinab , Hosny Adel , Megawer Sherif , El Amir Mona , Yosry Ayman 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSuccessful eradication of recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection following liver transplantation (HCV) improves graft survival. This study aimed at evaluation of hepatic fibrosis changes among long‐term responders to DAA therapy for recurrent HCV after liver transplantation using noninvasive methods. Patients with significant hepatic fibrosis (≥F2) who achieved SVR12 after treatment with DAAs for recurrent HCV were included (n = 52). Hepatic fibrosis status was assessed, noninvasively, by calculation of fibrosis‐4 score (FIB‐4) and Aspartate Aminotransferase Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and by measurement of graft stiffness using FibroScan at baseline and 12 and 18 months post‐treatment. Acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI) was done for all patients 12 and 18 months post‐treatment. Patients were classified into two groups based on baseline liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by FibroScan; significant fibrosis (F2; n = 28) and advanced fibrosis groups (≥F3). Over 18‐month follow‐up period, there was serial improvement of FIB‐4, APRI, and LSM by FibroScan in both groups. Higher baseline LSM and delayed initiation of antiviral therapy were significant predictors of lack of fibrosis regression (P‐value 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). Fibroindices and LSM improved over time in liver transplant recipients who responded to DAAs. Baseline LSM can predict post‐treatment fibrosis regression.