bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quality of Nursing Homes That Serve Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Meyers David J. , Wilson Ira B. , Lee Yoojin , Cai Shubing , Miller Susan C. , Rahman Momotazur 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESAs the national population of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ages, they will require greater postacute and long‐term care use. Little is known about the quality of nursing homes (NHs) to which patients with HIV are admitted. In this study, we assess the association between the number of persons with HIV admitted annually to a given NH (HIV concentration) and that NH's quality outcomes.DESIGNA cross‐sectional comparative study.SETTINGNHs in nine states, from 2001 to 2012.PARTICIPANTSA total of 46 918 NH‐years accounting for 67 301 admissions by patients with HIV.MEASUREMENTSWe used 100% Medicaid Analytic Extract, Minimum Dataset 2.0 and 3.0, and Medicare claims from 2001 to 2012 from nine states to examine the association between HIV concentration and NH quality. Persons were classified as HIV positive on the basis of all available data sources, and a NH's percentage of new admissions with HIV was calculated (HIV concentration). We then compared differences in star ratings, rehospitalization rates, NH survey deficiencies, and restraint use by a NH's percentage of admissions with HIV, using linear random effects models.RESULTSAfter adjusting for NH characteristics, zip code characteristics, and state and year fixed effects, NHs with greater than 0% to 5% of admissions with HIV had a 0.6 lower star rating (P < .001), and a 0.4% percentage point higher 30‐day rehospitalization rate (P < .01), compared to those with no HIV admissions. NHs with 5% to 50% of admissions with HIV had 7.0 more deficiencies (P < .001), a 0.1 lower star rating (P < .001), and a 1.5 percentage point higher rehospitalization rate (P < .001).CONCLUSIONPersons with HIV were generally admitted to lower‐quality NHs compared to persons without HIV. More efforts are needed to ensure that persons with HIV have access to high‐quality NHs. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2615–2621, 2019
Evaluation of SOX2 and podoplanin expression in oral epithelial dysplasia and its correlation with malignant transformation
Authors: Verma Vani , Chandrashekar Chetana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimOral carcinogenesis cascade is a complex process, characterized by variable numbers of genetic and epigenetic alterations of various genes with manifold roles that could serve as biological hallmarks. This study was undertaken to assess the protein expression of SOX2 and podoplanin in oral epithelial dysplasia and correlate the expression with clinicopathological parameters and risk of malignant transformation.MethodsSOX2 and podoplanin expression were analyzed in 60 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia. The association between SOX2 and podoplanin expression with various clinicopathological parameters and transformation to oral cancer was analyzed.ResultsA higher Histoscore was seen in 55% of moderate and 30% of severe dysplasia. 25% of the cases showed a negative podoplanin expression and 30% of patients had higher podoplanin expression (score 2 and 3). Though there was significant association of both SOX2 and podoplanin expression with the degree of dysplasia, the association of their expression with transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionAlteration in SOX2 and podoplanin is likely an important event in head and neck carcinogenesis; however, their expression may be valuable only in a few cases of oral epithelial dysplasia to assess the risk of malignant transformation.
Effects of Tai Chi therapy on body mass index and physical index of intellectual disability
Authors: Cha Nam‐Hyun , Jeon Ga‐Eul , Cho Youngmi , Sok Sohyune R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimContinuous program development and application are necessary in order to manage the health and address the problems of secondary metabolic disorders for people with intellectual disabilities. This study examines the effects of Tai Chi therapy on body mass index (BMI) and physical index among people with intellectual disabilities.MethodsA quasi‐experimental study using a pretest‐post‐test control group, non‐synchronized design was employed. Samples were in total 104 people with intellectual disabilities (experimental: n = 67, control: n = 37) in two facilities in South Korea. They were randomly allocated using a coin toss into the two groups. Tai Chi therapy as an experimental intervention was the Sun style Tai Chi exercise, which consists of the warm‐up (5 min), main exercise (45 min), and finishing (meditation, 10 min). Tai Chi therapy was conducted twice a week for a total of 40 sessions for 5 months (1 hour each) by one professional instructor. Measures were general characteristics of study participants, BMI as degree of obesity, and physical index. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program (descriptive statistics, χ2 test, independent t test). A P value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences on fasting blood glucose (t = 4.351, P < .001) and high‐density lipoprotein (t = −2.052, P = .043) in the physical index between the two groups.ConclusionsTai Chi therapy was an effective intervention for decreasing fasting blood glucose and for increasing high‐density lipoprotein in those with intellectual disabilities. Tai Chi therapy can be implied as a nursing intervention for intellectual disabilities in nursing practice.
Longitudinal study of physical activity using an accelerometer in Japanese pregnant women
Authors: Kawajiri Maiko , Nakamura Yasuka , Takeishi Yoko , Ito Naoko , Atogami Fumi , Yoshizawa Toyoko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo describe the characteristics of objectively measured physical activity (PA) during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy using a accelerometer.MethodsThis was a longitudinal observational study wherein PA in pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters was measured for seven consecutive days using a accelerometer (Silmee W10, TDK, Japan).ResultsA total of 34 primiparous women were examined. There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of PA during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. Sub‐group analysis demonstrated that PA in the full‐time housewife group increased significantly from the 2nd to the 3rd trimester, while total PA and moderate and vigorous PA of the stopped‐working group, decreased significantly over that time. There was no difference in the PA of the currently working group between trimesters. In the full‐time housewife group, the amount of PA for each hour significantly increased at 12:00, 18:00, and 22:00 hr. In the currently working group, the amount of PA for each hour significantly increased at 9:00, 10:00, and 16:00 hr. In the stopped‐working group, the amount of PA for each hour significantly decreased at 7:00, 8:00, and 18:00 hr.ConclusionObjective measurements using an accelerometer did not identify any significant changes in PA during the different trimesters of pregnancy. Sub‐group analysis revealed clear patterns in PA change correlating with different lifestyles during pregnancy. Future research may enable the development of personalized health guidance by identifying the relationship between PA and pregnancy outcomes.
Preventing Cesarean Birth in Women with Obesity: Influence of Unit‐Level Midwifery Presence on Use of Cesarean among Women in the Consortium on Safe Labor Data Set
Authors: Carlson Nicole S. , Breman Rachel , Neal Jeremy L. , Phillippi Julia C. 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionMaternal obesity is associated with slow labor progression and unplanned cesarean birth. Midwives use fewer medical interventions during labor, and the women they care for have lower cesarean birth rates, compared with low‐risk, matched groups of women cared for by physicians. The primary aim of this study was to examine associations between midwifery unit‐level presence and unplanned cesarean birth in women with different body mass index (BMI) ranges. Unit‐level presence of midwives was analyzed as a representation of a unique set of care practices that exist in settings where midwives work.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using Consortium on Safe Labor data from low‐risk, healthy women who labored and gave birth in medical centers with (n = 9795) or without (n = 13,398) the unit‐level presence of midwives. Regression models were used to evaluate for associations between unit‐level midwifery presence and 1) the incidence of unplanned cesarean birth and 2) in‐hospital labor durations with stratification by maternal BMI and adjustment for maternal demographic and pregnancy factors.ResultsThe odds of unplanned cesarean birth among women who gave birth in centers with midwives were 16% lower than the odds of cesarean birth among similar women at who gave birth at centers without midwives (adjusted odds ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77‐0.93). However, women whose BMI was above 35.00 kg/m2 at labor admission had similar odds of cesarean birth, regardless of unit‐level midwifery presence. In‐hospital labor duration prior to unplanned cesarean was no different by unit‐level midwifery presence in nulliparous women whose BMI was above 35.00 kg/m2.DiscussionAlthough integration of midwives into the caregiving environment of medical centers in the United States was associated with overall decrease in the incidence of cesarean birth, increased maternal BMI nevertheless remained positively associated with these outcomes.
Using continuous overnight pulse oximetry to guide home oxygen therapy in chronic neonatal lung disease
Authors: Wong Matthew D , Chung Hinfan , Chawla Jasneek 
Published: August 2019

AimThe aims of this study are: (i) to survey the knowledge of paediatric clinicians using overnight continuous pulse oximetry data to guide management of infants with chronic neonatal lung disease (CNLD); (ii) to assess the ability of paediatric clinicians to interpret overnight continuous pulse oximetry data; and (iii) to describe the overnight oximetry interpretation practices of paediatric respiratory specialists.MethodsPaediatric clinicians from three tertiary teaching hospitals completed an anonymous survey regarding overnight continuous pulse oximetry in chronic neonatal lung disease. Using a modified Delphi technique, paediatric respiratory specialists participated in a concordance exercise and discussions to establish consensus interpretations for 25 oximetry studies. Paediatric clinicians were invited to complete the same exercise as a comparison.ResultsSelf‐rated knowledge from 74 surveyed clinicians was proportional to clinical experience. Twenty paediatric clinicians and nine paediatric respiratory specialists completed the oximetry exercise with scores of 64% (κ = 0.25) and 80% (κ = 0.45), respectively. Individual parameters like a mean peripheral arterial haemoglobin saturation (SpO2) below 93% and percentage time spent below SpO2 93% correlated poorly with the consensus interpretations. Paediatric respiratory specialists instead relied on visual analysis of SpO2 waveforms, utilising the frequency and depth of desaturations to guide management.ConclusionInterpretation of overnight oximetry data is variable amongst both paediatric clinicians and respiratory specialists. This likely reflects inadequate evidence defining clinically significant intermittent hypoxaemia, whether in terms of desaturation duration, frequency or nadir.
Incidence of epilepsy in children born prematurely and small for gestational age at term gestation: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Chou I‐Ching , Sung Fung‐Chang , Hong Syuan‐Yu 
Published: August 2019

AimThis study assessed the incidence of epilepsy in preterm infants and those small for gestational age (SGA) at term and identified risk factors associated with higher epilepsy incidence in these children.MethodsWe enrolled children (from 2000 to 2010) who were premature (n = 21 474) or SGA (n = 2206); we then included a matched control cohort (n = 94 720). Cox regression was used to assess the epilepsy risk in preterm and SGA children. To determine the associated factors for epilepsy, the preterm and SGA infants were divided into six groups according to the common complications related to brain development and were separated into three subgroups based on birthweight (BW).ResultsThe cumulative incidence of epilepsy was significantly higher in preterm or SGA children than in the control group. The overall incidence densities (per 1000 person‐years) of epilepsy were: 0.37 in the control, 2.96 in the preterm, 2.90 in the SGA, 15.9 in the preterm with cerebral haemorrhage, 14.6 in the SGA with cerebral haemorrhage, 6.92 in the preterm with asphyxia, 3.82 in the SGA with asphyxia, 14.3 in the preterm with congenital brain anomalies, and 25.4 in the SGA with congenital brain anomalies cohorts. Infants with BW < 1000 g had a higher incidence of epilepsy than those with BW ≥2500 g.ConclusionsPreterm and SGA infants had an increased risk of epilepsy in childhood, and the incidence of epilepsy increased with decreasing BW. Several perinatal factors (e.g. intracranial haemorrhage, birth asphyxia and congenital brain anomalies) are associated with a higher incidence of later epilepsy.
Petrography, relationships, and petrogenesis of the gabbroic lithologies in Northwest Africa 773 clan members Northwest Africa 773, 2727, 3160, 3170, 7007, and 10656
Authors: Valencia S. N. , Jolliff B. L. , Korotev R. L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Northwest Africa (NWA) 773 clan of lunar meteorite stones are coarse‐grained breccias that provide an opportunity to examine a lunar igneous system that includes inferred intrusive and extrusive lithologies, possibly related through a common liquid line of descent from a single source region. Such extensive sampling of a single very low‐Ti (VLT) magmatic system on the Moon is unprecedented among the lunar samples. This study focuses on the olivine gabbro (OG), anorthositic gabbro (AG), and ferroan gabbro (FG) lithologies variably contained in NWA 773, NWA 2727, NWA 3160, NWA 3170, NWA 7007, and NWA 10656. Mineral compositions in the three gabbros indicate the crystallization sequence OG → AG → FG. Petrologic modeling of these three lithologies, and an olivine phyric basalt that also occurs in the NWA 773 clan, however, suggests that the relationship among the lithologies is more complex. The OG and basalt can be modeled as originating from a VLT KREEP‐bearing parental melt similar to the Apollo 14 Green Glass b1 composition through mainly equilibrium crystallization. The AG and FG, however, do not fit this simple model and require either a more complex crystallization sequence involving fractional crystallization, magma chamber recharge, or perhaps heterogeneity in the source region.
A morphologic and crystallographic comparison of CV chondrite matrices
Authors: Forman L. V. , Timms N. E. , Bland P. A. , Daly L. , Benedix G. K. , Trimby P. W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMeteoritic matrices are commonly classified by their modal mineralogy, alteration, and shock levels. Other “textural” characteristics are not generally considered in classification schemes, yet could carry important information about their genesis and evolution. Terrestrial rocks are routinely described by grain morphology, which has led to morphology‐driven classifications, and identification of controlling processes. This paper investigates three CV chondrites—Allende (CV3.2oxA), Kaba (CV3.0oxB), and Vigarano (CV3.3red)—to determine the morphologic signature of olivine matrix grains. 2D grain size and shape, and crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) are quantified via electron backscatter diffraction mapping. Allende contains the largest and most elongate olivine grains, while Vigarano contains the least elongate, and Kaba contains the smallest grains. Weak but notable CPOs exist in some regions proximal to chondrules and one region distal to chondrules, and CPO geometries reveal a weak flattening of the matrix grains against the edge of chondrules within Allende. Kaba contains the least plastically deformed grains, and Allende contains the most plastically deformed grains. We tentatively infer that morphology is controlled by the characteristics of the available population of accreting grains, and aqueous and thermal alteration of the parent body. The extent of overall finite deformation is likely dictated by the location of the sample with respect to compression, the localized environment of the matrix with respect to surrounding material, and the post deformation temperature to induce grain annealing. Our systematic, quantitative process for characterizing meteorite matrices has the potential to provide a framework for comparison within and across meteorite classes, to help resolve how parent body processing differed across and between chondritic asteroids.
A network‐based variable selection approach for identification of modules and biomarker genes associated with end‐stage kidney disease
Authors: Zeng Xiaoxi , Li Chunyang , Li Yi , Yu Haopeng , Fu Ping , Hong Hyokyoung G. , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAimsIntervention for end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), which is associated with adverse prognoses and major economic burdens, is challenging due to its complex pathogenesis. The study was performed to identify biomarker genes and molecular mechanisms for ESKD by bioinformatics approach.MethodsUsing the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset GSE37171, this study identified pathways and genomic biomarkers associated with ESKD via a multi‐stage knowledge discovery process, including identification of modules of genes by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, discovery of important involved pathways by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, selection of differentially expressed genes by the empirical Bayes method, and screening biomarker genes by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) logistic regression. The results were validated using GSE70528, an independent testing dataset.ResultsThree clinically important gene modules associated with ESKD, were identified by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. Within these modules, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed important biological pathways involved in ESKD, including transforming growth factor‐β and Wnt signalling, RNA‐splicing, autophagy and chromatin and histone modification. Furthermore, Lasso logistic regression was conducted to identify five final genes, namely, CNOT8, MST4, PPP2CB, PCSK7 and RBBP4 that are differentially expressed and associated with ESKD. The accuracy of the final model in distinguishing the ESKD cases and controls was 96.8% and 91.7% in the training and validation datasets, respectively.ConclusionNetwork‐based variable selection approaches can identify biological pathways and biomarker genes associated with ESKD. The findings may inform more in‐depth follow‐up research and effective therapy.
Swallowing speed is no adequate predictor of aspiration in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pflug Christina , Niessen Almut , Buhmann Carsten , Bihler Moritz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is still a lack of a clinical test to reliably identify patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) being at risk for aspiration.MethodsIn this prospective, controlled, cross‐sectional study, we assessed if swallowing speed for water is a useful clinical test to predict aspiration proven by flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Due to this, we measured the swallowing speed for 90 mL water in 115 consecutive and unselected PD outpatients of all clinical stages and 32 healthy controls.Key ResultsAverage swallowing speed was lower in patients compared with controls (6.5 ± 3.9 mL/s vs 8.5 ± 3.2 mL/s; P < .01). The disease‐independent widely used threshold of <10 mL/s showed insufficient sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 19% with high false‐positive rates of 63% for patients and 69% for controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was carried out to define a suitable cutoff value for detection of aspiration of water (area under the curve 0.72, P < .001) in PD patients. The optimized cutoff value was 5.5 mL/s with a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 64%.Conclusion and InferencesMeasuring swallowing speed is prone to methodological errors and not suitable as a screening instrument to predict aspiration in PD patients.
Treatment of angular cheilitis: A narrative review and authors’ clinical experience
Authors: Cabras Marco , Gambino Alessio , Broccoletti Roberto , Lodi Giovanni , Arduino Paolo G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAngular cheilitis (AC) is a clinical entity first described in the XIX century, characterized by erythema, rhagades, ulcerations, and crusting of one or both lip commissures and perilabial skin, responsible of an unpleasant and painful discomfort. Aim of this manuscript was to examine and evaluate the therapeutic options actually available for AC. Despite antifungals being the first‐line treatment for most of clinicians, very limited scientific evidence supports their reliability, with just two RCTs published between the 70’s and the 80’s. Furthermore, alternative topical treatments, various techniques of occlusal vertical dimension restoration, B‐vitamin supplementation, anti‐drooling prosthetic device, and photodynamic therapy have been experimented and proposed, mostly in the form of case reports or case series on a small number of individuals. Our group found in 1% isoconazole nitrate (ISN) and 0.1% diflucortolone valerate (DFV) ointment the most consistent AC treatment, due to the broad spectrum of ISN against many species of dermatohpytes and bacteria, and the anti‐inflammatory properties displayed by DFV. However, further and well‐designed trials on larger samples of patients are needed to assess the differential profile of consistency of the treatments outlined in literature and claimed by the authors of this paper.
Access to clean water and urinary tract infections in Haitian women
Authors: Andersen Lucy , Dowdell Elizabeth Burgess 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesAccess to clean water is a global concern. For women living in developing countries, the lack of clean water increases their risk of bacterial infections, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI). The purpose of this study was to examine if the location of water source has a relationship with the rate of UTIs in women who lived in the Léogâne area of Haiti.DesignDescriptive, correlational, retrospective chart review used de‐identified data from medical intake flow sheets.SampleA total of 311 medical intake flowsheets with 32.4% of the sample were treated for a UTI. The majority of women were between the ages of 20 and 44 years.ResultsThe youngest group, ages 10–14 years, were more likely (83.3%) to be diagnosed with a UTI (X2 = 7.956, df = 3, p < .05) when compared to the other age groups. The location of water source also had a relationship with UTI, with women who reported using pump water more likely to be treated for a UTI than those who reported using short‐well water (X2 = 4.318, df = 1, p < .05).ConclusionsAlthough the study only involved Haitian women, the concepts of access to clean water, reducing bacterial infections such as a UTI, and health promotion are useful for any provider practicing in or going to a developing country.