bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ant associations in the Neotropical shrub Turnera subulata (Turneraceae): Costs or benefits to the host plant?
Authors: Cruz Nayara G. , Almeida Camilla S. , Bacci Leandro , Cristaldo Paulo F. , Santana Alisson S. , Oliveira Alexandre P. , Ribeiro Efrem J. M. , Araújo Ana P. A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe results of ecological interactions depend on the costs and benefits involved in different ecological contexts. Turnera subulata is a shrubby plant with extrafloral nectaries that are associated with ants. Here, we test the hypotheses that the association between T. subulata and ants results in: (i) positive effects on host plant growth and reproduction; (ii) plant herbivory reduction and (iii) inhibition of the host plant visitation by beneficial organisms. Thirty experimental plots were established in northeastern Brazil, either in association with ants or without ants (N = 15 plots/treatment), with four plants each (total 120 plants). Vegetative growth (plant height and number of leaves), reproductive investment (flowers and fruits), herbivory rates and numbers of beneficial visitors were quantified during all phenological stages of the host plant. Data were analysed using generalized linear mixed models. At the host plant maturation stage, we found a trade‐off between growth and reproduction. Plants with ants had lower mean height; however, they invested more in reproduction (a higher number of flowers and fruits) compared to plants without ants. During the flowering stage, the abundance of sucking herbivores was higher in plots without ants but chewing herbivore abundance increased in the maturation stage in plots with ants. The cumulative proportion of leaves with herbivore damage did not differ between treatments, and the presence of ants reduced the number of beneficial visitors (e.g. pollinators and natural enemies) to the host plants. Our results show that association with ants results in some costs for the host plant, however, these costs appear to be offset by the defensive role of ants, which favours plant reproductive investment. In general, our results help to elucidate mechanisms involved in trophic interactions within the complex network of interactions involving ants and plants.
Independent risk factors for ovarian metastases in stage IA‐IIB cervical carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Le , Sun Chun‐Tang , Lin Lin , Xie Yao , Huang Yan , Li Qiao , Liu Xinghui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionCervical cancer is a common malignant tumor in women; most cervical cancer patients are premenopausal. Ovarian resection or preservation remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to discover the risk factors for ovarian metastasis in women with stage I‐II cervical cancer.Material and methodsA total of 3292 women with cervical carcinoma who had undergone radical hysterectomy, with pelvic lymphadenectomy and bilateral oophorectomy or wedge resection of ovaries, were included in this multicenter retrospective study. We analyzed patients’ demographics, International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology stage, and histopathologic records to determine clinicopathologic risk factors of ovarian metastasis.ResultsOf the patients, 115 (3.49%) were confirmed to have ovarian metastasis. The ovarian metastasis rate was 2% (56/2794) for squamous cell carcinoma and 11.8% (59/498) for nonsquamous cell carcinoma. The risk factors independently associated with ovarian metastasis were histologic type (odds ratio [OR] 8.76, 95% CI 2.09‐19.24), lymph node metastasis (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.76‐4.89), lymphovascular space invasion (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.98‐4.24), and corpus invasion (OR 6.34, 95% CI 2.37‐11.42).ConclusionsThe histologic type, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular space invasion, and corpus invasion were independently associated with ovarian metastasis. Histologic type and corpus invasion were the most important risk factors. Therefore, we suggest that corpus invasion might be a strong contraindication for preservation of the ovaries.
Use of Bedside Ultrasonography and Saline Flush Technique for Evaluation of Central Venous Catheter Placement in Children
Authors: Yesilbas Osman , Sevketoglu Esra , Kihtir Hasan S. , Talip Petmezci Mey , Akcay Nihal , Kocoglu Barlas Ulkem , Palabiyik Figen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOur study investigated the reliability of appearance of rapid atrial swirl flow (RASF) by ultrasonography (US) in the right atrium (RA), which occurred as a result of rapid isotonic saline infusion (RISI) into the central venous catheter (CVC), in predicting catheter tip position. This prospective observational study included 95 CVC procedures performed on 77 pediatric patients (41 boys and 36 girls) with a median age of 0.6 (0.29–1.53) years. Seventy‐three (76.84%) catheter tips were found to be correctly placed, and 22 (23.15%) catheter tips were misplaced. While ultrasonographic examination revealed RASF in the RA after 93 catheterization procedures, it was not observed after two catheterization procedures. One of these two catheters was an arterial catheter, and the other was a catheter that was directed toward the subclavian vein after curling around itself. There was no significant difference between the groups with incorrect and correct positioned catheter tip in terms of the appearance of RASF by US after RISI. There was no significant difference between the groups with upward (n = 8) and downward (n = 86) positioned catheter tip in terms of the time until the first appearance of RASF after RISI and the phase of RASF (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between these two groups in terms of the disappearance time of RASF in the RA (P < 0.001). The mean disappearance time of RASF was 3 (2–3) s for downward positioned catheters and 5 (4–7) s for upward positioned catheters, respectively. When the cut‐off for the disappearance time of RASF was set to 3 s, US had a sensitivity of 85.71% and a specificity of 77.91% for detecting upward positioned catheters. In conclusion, the appearance of RASF in the RA in a short time by US is not a reliable finding for correct positioning of the CVC tip in the pediatric patient group. The fact that the disappearance time of RASF in the RA is longer than 3 s indicates upward positioned CVCs. These catheters must never be used without radiological confirmation. In CVCs in which the disappearance time of RASF in the RA is shorter than 3 s, we think that the catheter can be used until radiological confirmation in emergency cases. According to the available literature, our study is the first study in children. There is a need for new studies on this subject.
Effect of Continuous‐Flow Mechanical Circulatory Support on Microvasculature Remodeling in the Failing Heart
Authors: Saito Tetsuya , Miyagawa Shigeru , Toda Koichi , Yoshikawa Yasushi , Fukushima Satsuki , Saito Shunsuke , Yoshioka Daisuke , Sakata Yasushi , Daimon Takashi , Sawa Yoshiki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLeft ventricle (LV) unloading caused by a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has been shown to enhance reverse LV remodeling in end‐stage cardiomyopathy. Several reports consistently suggest that a pulsatile‐flow LVAD has more profound effects compared to continuous‐flow LVAD, though the responsible mechanisms are not fully understood. We hypothesized that arterial pulsatility, being affected by the type of LVAD, may affect microvasculature and functional/pathological LV remodeling in end‐stage cardiomyopathy. The study included 18 patients with chronic heart failure who underwent LVAD implantation. Eight patients were implanted with pulsatile‐flow LVAD, and 10 patients were implanted with continuous‐flow LVAD. The results of serial echocardiograms and histopathological assessment of transmural LV tissues, which were collected during the implantation and removal of LVADs, were compared between the groups. The results of echocardiography showed that LV systolic dimension and LV ejection fraction improved greatly in the pulsatile‐flow LVAD group compared to the continuous‐flow LVAD group. Histological analysis showed that in both groups, increased microvasculature density and decreased cardiomyocyte size during LVAD support had no significant difference. In contrast, only the patients with continuous‐flow LVADs had presented with significant increase in α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA)‐positive layer thickness and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐positive cells of myocardial arterioles. We concluded that the use of long‐term continuous‐flow LVAD support, having less pulsatility, had induced more thickening to the medial layer of myocardial arterioles compared to the use of pulsatile‐flow LVADs. Our findings suggest that the pathological impairment of myocardial microvascular structure during continuous‐flow LVAD support may be a novel mechanism which accounts for the difference in LV remodeling depending on the type of LVAD.
Safety of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Authors: Ichikawa Yoshitoshi , Matsuda Chu , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Takahashi Hidekazu , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Haraguchi Naotsugu , Hata Taishi , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study retrospectively investigated the safety of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) based on the experiences within our department.MethodsA total of 866 patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery for colorectal cancer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and acute appendicitis at Osaka University during the study period. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery cases were collected from the Osaka University database. Among them, four (0.5%) had VPS when they underwent surgery. In these four cases, we consulted a neurosurgeon and checked the route of the VPS catheter to determine whether it had a unidirectional valve to prevent backflow and whether it was working normally. We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of these four cases.ResultsAll cases were safely treated, with the pneumoperitoneum pressure set at 10 mmHg under routine anesthetic monitoring and without any manipulations such as clamping or externalization of the VPS catheter. The four patients were discharged without any VPS‐related complications such as increased intracranial pressure, shunt failure, or infection.ConclusionsOur study suggests that laparoscopic colorectal surgeries in patients with VPS without any manipulations may be safe. Future studies should aim to better standardize the perioperative management of VPS during laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
Registration for Exponential Family Functional Data
Authors: Wrobel Julia , Zipunnikov Vadim , Schrack Jennifer , Goldsmith Jeff 
Published: August 2018

Summary
We introduce a novel method for separating amplitude and phase variability in exponential family functional data. Our method alternates between two steps: the first uses generalized functional principal components analysis to calculate template functions, and the second estimates smooth warping functions that map observed curves to templates. Existing approaches to registration have primarily focused on continuous functional observations, and the few approaches for discrete functional data require a pre-smoothing step; these methods are frequently computationally intensive. In contrast, we focus on the likelihood of the observed data and avoid the need for preprocessing, and we implement both steps of our algorithm in a computationally efficient way. Our motivation comes from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging, in which accelerometer data provides valuable insights into the timing of sedentary behavior. We analyze binary functional data with observations each minute over 24 hours for 592 participants, where values represent activity and inactivity. Diurnal patterns of activity are obscured due to misalignment in the original data but are clear after curves are aligned. Simulations designed to mimic the application indicate that the proposed methods outperform competing approaches in terms of estimation accuracy and computational efficiency. Code for our method and simulations is publicly available.
Young children, digital media and smart toys: How perceptions shape adoption and domestication
Authors: Brito Rita , Dias Patrícia , Oliveira Gabriela 
Published: August 2018

AbstractContemporary homes are filled with digital technologies, and children are exposed to them almost since birth, initiating their first digital experiences at very early ages (Chaudron et al., , Young children (0–8)). This trend is expected to become stronger, as our future has been envisioned around the concept of the IoT (Internet of Things), and the first smart toys are arriving at the homes of digitally savvy families. This study focuses on the digital practices of young children, looking particularly at smart toys, aiming to: a) explore how smart toys are being adopted by families, considering the perceptions of children and parents about drivers and barriers to adoption; and b) understand the domestication of smart toys. Our research is exploratory and builds on the theoretical framework, methodological protocols and ethical guidelines of the international projects “Young Children (0–8) and Digital Technologies” (Chaudron et al., , Chaudron et al., Young children (0–8); Dias and Brito, 2016, 2017, Crianças (0 a 8 anos)) and “Media and Social Discourses around Young Children and IoToys” (Mascheroni & Holloway, 2017). Our methodology is qualitative, based on visits to families including interviews with children and parents and participant observation. We selected a purposive sample of 21 medium‐ or high‐income and digitally savvy families in Portugal. Concerning drivers and barriers for adoption, most children identify several smart toys and express interest in having them. Parents are motivated by the amount of satisfaction that the toy will afford the children and the added‐value in terms of learning or developing skills. However, most parents prefer mechanical toys, sports or outdoors activities and the high price is an obstacle. Concerning domestication, smart toys are still scarce in homes and perceived as novelty, thus being in a very early stage of domestication.
Ibrutinib induces rapid down‐regulation of inflammatory markers and altered transcription of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia‐related genes in blood and lymph nodes
Authors: Palma Marzia , Krstic Aleksandra , Peña Perez Lucia , Berglöf Anna , Meinke Stephan , Wang Qing , Blomberg K. Emelie M. , Kamali‐Moghaddam Masood , Shen Qiujin , Jaremko Georg , Lundin Jeanette , De Paepe Ayla , Höglund Petter , Kimby Eva , Österborg Anders , Månsson Robert , Smith C. I. Edvard 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients, treatment with the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib induces a rapid shift of tumour cells from lymph nodes (LN) to peripheral blood (PB). Here, we characterized in depth the dynamics of ibrutinib‐induced inflammatory, transcriptional and cellular changes in different compartments immediately after treatment initiation in seven relapsed/refractory CLL patients. Serial PB and LN samples were taken before start and during the first 29 days of treatment. Changes in plasma inflammation‐related biomarkers, CLL cell RNA expression, B‐cell activation and migration markers expression, and PB mononuclear cell populations were assessed. A significant reduction of 10 plasma inflammation markers, the majority of which were chemokines and not CLL‐derived, was observed within hours, and was paralleled by very early increase of CD19+ circulating cells. At the RNA level, significant and continuous changes in transcription factors and signalling molecules linked to B‐cell receptor signalling and CLL biology was observed in both PB and LN CLL cells already after 2 days of treatment. In conclusion, ibrutinib seems to instantly shut off an ongoing inflammatory response and interfere with diverse sensitive pathways in the LN.
Distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic machineries cooperatively promote the inheritance of RNAi in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Xu Fei , Guang Shouhong , Feng Xuezhu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEpigenetic information can be inherited over multiple generations, which is termed as transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI). Although the mechanism(s) of TEI remains poorly understood, noncoding RNAs have been demonstrated to play important roles in TEI. In many eukaryotes, double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggers the silencing of cellular nucleic acids that exhibit sequence homology to the dsRNA via a process termed RNA interference (RNAi). In Caenorhabditis elegans, dsRNA‐directed gene silencing is heritable and can persist for a number of generations after its initial induction. During the process, small RNAs and the RNAi machinery mediate the initiation, transmission and re‐establishment of the gene silencing state. In this review, we summarise our current understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of transgenerational inheritance of RNAi in C. elegans and propose that multiple RNAi machineries may act cooperatively to promote TEI.
Design trade‐offs in rights‐based management of small‐scale fisheries
Authors: Viana Daniel F. , Gelcich Stefan , Aceves‐Bueno Erendira , Twohey Becky , Gaines Steven D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSmall‐scale fisheries collectively have a large ecological footprint and are key sources of food security, especially in developing countries. Many of the data‐intensive approaches to fishery management are infeasible in these fisheries, but a strategy that has emerged to overcome these challenges is the establishment of territorial user rights for fisheries (TURFs). In this approach, exclusive fishing zones are established for groups of stakeholders, which eliminates the race to fish with other groups. A key challenge, however, is setting the size of TURFs—too large and the number of stakeholders sharing them impedes collective action, and too small and the movement of target fish species in and out of the TURFs effectively removes the community's exclusive access. We assessed the size of 137 TURFs from across the globe relative to this design challenge by applying theoretical models that predict their performance. We estimated that roughly two‐thirds of these TURFs were sized ideally to overcome the challenges posed by resource movement and fisher group size. However, for most of the remaining TURFs, all possible sizes were either too small to overcome the resource‐movement challenge or too large to overcome the collective action challenge. Our results suggest these fisheries, which target mobile species in densely populated regions, may need additional interventions to be successful.
Association of the kidney allocation system with dialysis exposure before deceased donor kidney transplantation by preemptive wait‐listing status
Authors: Harhay Meera N. , Harhay Michael O. , Ranganna Karthik , Boyle Suzanne M. , Levin Mizrahi Lissa , Guy Stephen , Malat Gregory E. , Xiao Gary , Reich David J. , Patzer Rachel E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown whether the new kidney transplant allocation system (KAS) has attenuated the advantages of preemptive wait‐listing as a strategy to minimize pretransplant dialysis exposure.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of adult US deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT) recipients between December 4, 2011‐December 3, 2014 (pre‐KAS) and December 4, 2014‐December 3, 2017 (post‐KAS). We estimated pretransplant dialysis durations by preemptive listing status in the pre‐ and post‐KAS periods using multivariable gamma regression models.ResultsAmong 65 385 DDKT recipients, preemptively listed recipients (21%, n = 13 696) were more likely to be white (59% vs 34%, P < 0.001) and have private insurance (64% vs 30%, P < 0.001). In the pre‐ and post‐KAS periods, average adjusted pretransplant dialysis durations for preemptively listed recipients were <2 years in all racial groups. Compared to recipients who were listed after starting dialysis, preemptively listed recipients experienced 3.85 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 3.71‐3.99) and 4.53 (95% CI 4.32‐4.74) fewer average years of pretransplant dialysis in the pre‐ and post‐KAS periods, respectively (P < 0.001 for all comparisons).ConclusionsPreemptively wait‐listed DDKT recipients continue to experience substantially fewer years of pretransplant dialysis than recipients listed after dialysis onset. Efforts are needed to improve both socioeconomic and racial disparities in preemptive wait‐listing.
Caregiver knowledge and preferences for gross motor function information in cerebral palsy
Authors: Bailes Amy F , Gannotti Mary , Bellows Danielle M , Shusterman Michele , Lyman Jennifer , Horn Susan D 
Published: August 2018

AimTo determine caregiver knowledge and preferences for gross motor information and examine differences across Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels.MethodA questionnaire was developed. Respondents reported GMFCS knowledge, preference for knowledge, and experience with GMFCS and motor curve information.ResultsIn total, 303 caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) (GMFCS level I: 22%; GMFCS level II: 16%; GMFCS level III: 15%; GMFCS level IV: 23%; GMFCS level V: 24%) completed the questionnaire. Forty‐five per cent of caregivers knew the GMFCS level at survey, and only 31% knew how their child's motor development compared with others of similar age and level. Caregiver education level was associated with knowledge (p<0.001). Most prefer discussing motor development with a therapist. Of caregivers who knew their child's GMFCS level at survey, 83% reported it would be helpful to revisit the topic over time. Compared with GMFCS level IV and V, caregivers of children in GMFCS levels I to III preferred to learn at the same time as CP diagnosis, (p=0.04) and were more likely to report having received visual aids (p=0.04). Caregivers of children in GMFCS levels IV and V found it more difficult to learn their child's level (p<0.001) versus those caring for children of GMFCS levels I to III, and reported seeing pictures with descriptions more informative (p=0.03).InterpretationCaregivers of children with CP may not know GMFCS and motor curve information, and vary in experience and preferences for this information.What this paper adds

Fewer than half of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) know their child's Gross Motor Function Classification System level.

Most want to know how their child's function compares to other children with CP.

The majority of caregivers would like to revisit the topic over time.

Caregivers want to discuss gross motor information with the therapist and doctor.