bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and safety of fidaxomicin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and Clostridium difficile infection: an open-label Phase IIIb/IV study (PROFILE)
Authors: Högenauer Christoph , Mahida Yashwant , Stallmach Andreas , Marteau Philippe , Rydzewska Grazyna , Ivashkin Vladimir , Gargalianos-Kakolyris Panagiotis , Michon Ingrid , Adomakoh Nicholas , Georgopali Areti , Tretter Reiner , Karas Andreas , Reinisch Walter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses an increased risk for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Fidaxomicin has demonstrated non-inferiority to vancomycin for initial clinical cure of CDI in patients without IBD; however, lack of data has caused concerns regarding potential systemic absorption of fidaxomicin in patients with IBD.MethodsThe plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) of fidaxomicin and its primary metabolite OP-1118 were evaluated in a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, Phase IIIb/IV study enrolling patients with active IBD and CDI. Patients received fidaxomicin, 200 mg twice daily for 10 days. The primary and secondary endpoints were, respectively, plasma and stool PK of fidaxomicin and OP-1118 on Days 1, 5 and 10 of treatment. Other secondary endpoints included safety of fidaxomicin treatment (assessed until Day 180). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02437591.ResultsMedian Tmax of fidaxomicin and OP-1118 for the PK analysis set (PKAS; 24 patients) was 1–2 h across Days 1, 5 and 10. Cmax ranges were 1.2–154 ng/mL for fidaxomicin and 4.7–555 ng/mL for OP-1118 across Days 1, 5 and 10 (PKAS). The ranges of concentrations in stool were 17.8–2170 μg/g for fidaxomicin and 0–1940 μg/g for OP-1118. Sixty percent (15/25) of patients experienced treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), none of which led to treatment discontinuation or death.ConclusionsMaximum fidaxomicin and OP-1118 plasma concentrations observed in this study population suggest no increase in absorption, compared with patients without IBD. Incidence of TEAEs was similar to previous Phase III trials, suggesting that fidaxomicin is comparatively well tolerated in patients with IBD.
Impact of Pharmacy-Initiated Interventions on Influenza Vaccination Rates in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Gattis Sara , Yildirim Inci , Shane Andi L , Serluco Staci , McCracken Courtney , Liverman Rochelle 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
In solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, influenza infection can lead to subsequent graft dysfunction and death. Vaccination is the most effective approach to preventing influenza infection; however, vaccination rates are low, and interventions to optimize vaccine coverage are needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if pharmacy-initiated screening and recommendations for influenza immunization improve the rate of vaccination in pediatric SOT recipients.

Methods
We performed a retrospective pre-post chart review of all kidney, liver, and heart transplant recipients followed by Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University transplant services between September 1, 2011, and February 16, 2017. Influenza vaccination coverage and influenza rates before (2011–2013) and after (2014–2016) the implementation of pharmacy-driven vaccination in SOT recipients were assessed.

Results
A total of 822 patients were included; 101 (13%) of these patients were diagnosed with influenza, and 40 (5%) were hospitalized secondarily during the study period. Vaccination coverage increased over time (144 [36%] patients vaccinated in 2011 vs 430 [74%] in 2016; P &lt; .001). Influenza diagnosis rates decreased between the 2 eras (P = .006). The median time in which 50% of the population was vaccinated decreased over time from 163 days in 2012 to 94 days in 2016 (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Within the constraints of the pre-post study design, we observed a significant increase in influenza vaccination rates after implementation of a transplant pharmacy-initiated screening and vaccination program. The number of patients diagnosed with influenza and the time to vaccination decreased after our pharmacy intervention. All efforts should be made to increase compliance with influenza vaccination; pharmacy-initiated interventions can improve protection against influenza infection in pediatric SOT recipients.
AL amyloidosis: advances in diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Ryšavá Romana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAL amyloidosis (light chain; previously also called primary amyloidosis) is a systemic disease characterized by an amyloid deposition process affecting many organs, and which still has unsatisfactory survival of patients. The monoclonal light chains kappa (κ) or lambda (λ) or their fragments form the fibrils that deposit and accumulate in different tissues. Renal involvement is very frequent in AL amyloidosis and can lead to the development of nephrotic syndrome followed by renal failure in some cases. AL amyloidosis ultimately leads to destruction of tissues and progressive disease. With recent advances in the treatment, the importance of an early diagnosis of amyloidosis and correct assessment of its type is high. Histologic confirmation is based on Congo red detection of amyloid deposits in tissues but AL amyloidosis must also be distinguished from other systemic forms of amyloidoses with renal involvement, such as AA amyloidosis, amyloidosis with heavy chain deposition, fibrinogen Aα or ALECT2 (leukocyte chemotactic factor 2) deposition. Immunofluorescence (IF) plays a key role here. IF on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue after protease digestion, immunohistochemistry or laser microdissection with mass spectrometry should complete the diagnosis in unclear cases. Standard treatment with melphalan and prednisolone or with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone has been replaced with newer drugs used for the treatment of multiple myeloma—bortezomib, carfilzomib and ixazomib or thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide. High-dose melphalan supported by autologous stem cell transplantation remains the therapeutic option for patients with low-risk status. These new treatment options prolong survival from months to years and improve the prognosis in a majority of patients.
The Application of Commercially Available Mobile Cigarette Topography Devices for E-cigarette Vaping Behavior Measurements
Authors: Mikheev Vladimir B , Buehler Stephanie S , Brinkman Marielle C , Granville Courtney A , Lane Timothy E , Ivanov Alexander , Cross Kandice M , Clark Pamela I 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction
The ability to reliably measure real-world vaping behavior is critical to understand exposures to potential toxins. Commercially available mobile topography devices were originally designed to measure cigarette puffing behavior. Information regarding how applicable these devices are to the measurement of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vaping topography is needed.

Methods
Clinical Research Support System (CReSS; Pocket) and Smoking Puff Analyzer Mobile (SPA-M) topography devices were tested against the calibrated laboratory-based smoking puff analyzer duplicator (SPA-D) device combined with an analytical smoking machine that generates programmable puffs with high precision. Puff topography of e-cigarettes was measured over a range of puff volumes (10–130 mL) at 2 and 5 s puff durations (using bell- and square-shaped puffs). “Real-world” topography data collected from 10 participants during 1 week of at-home vaping were also analyzed. Recording anomalies and limitations of the devices, such as accuracy of detection of the puff end, flow rate dropouts, unreported puffs, and abandoned vaping sessions for the CReSS, and multi-peak puffs for the SPA-M were defined.

Results
The accuracy of puff volumes and durations was determined for both devices. The error for SPA-M was generally within ±10%, whereas that for the CReSS varied more widely. The CReSS consistently underestimated puff duration at higher flow rates.

Conclusions
CReSS and SPA-M topography devices can be used for real-world e-cigarette topography measurements, but researchers have to be aware of the limitations. Both devices can provide accurate measurements only under certain puff parameter ranges. The SPA-M provided more accurate measurements under a wider range of puffing parameters than the CReSS. Summary data reported by both devices require thorough analysis of the raw data to avoid misleading data interpretation.

Implications
Results of this study provide researchers with valuable information about the capability of commercially available cigarette topography devices to measure real-world vaping behaviors. The differing measurement ranges of the two devices and puff recording limitations and anomalies should be taken into account during analysis and interpretation of real-world data.
Extended Nicotine Patch Treatment Among Smokers With and Without Comorbid Psychopathology
Authors: Carroll Allison J , Mathew Amanda R , Leone Frank T , Wileyto E Paul , Miele Andrew , Schnoll Robert A , Hitsman Brian 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Individuals with psychiatric conditions smoke at higher rates than the general population and may need more intensive treatment to quit. We examined whether or not extended treatment with nicotine patch, combined with behavior counseling, would disproportionally benefit smokers with versus without a lifetime psychiatric condition.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of data from an effectiveness trial of treatment with 12 counseling sessions (48 weeks) and 21-mg nicotine patch (8, 24, or 52 weeks) among 525 adult daily smokers. A structured clinical interview assessed past and current psychiatric disorders (major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, alcohol abuse and/or dependence, and substance abuse and/or dependence), as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition). Abstinence was bioverified at week 52. Logistic regression evaluated the effect of the psychiatric status × treatment duration interaction on abstinence at week 52, covarying for sociodemographics, baseline psychological symptoms, and treatment adherence.

Results
At baseline, 115 (21.9%) participants were diagnosed with one or more psychiatric conditions. The psychiatric status × treatment duration interaction was significant for week 52 abstinence (p = .027). Abstinence rates between smokers with versus without a psychiatric condition in the 24-week treatment arm (9.3% vs. 31.5% abstinent) significantly differed from the 8-week treatment arm (18.8% vs. 22.3%), p = .017. Abstinence rates for smokers with (22.5%) versus without a psychiatric condition (19.7%) in the 52-week treatment arm did not differ from those in the 8-week arm.

Conclusions
Targeted smoking cessation treatment, rather than extending treatment duration, may be especially warranted to optimize treatment for smokers with comorbid mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders.

Implications
Individuals with psychiatric conditions smoke at higher rates and have greater difficulty quitting compared to those in the general population, but little is known about how to best optimize treatment for this high tobacco burden population. The present study found that cessation response to extended duration treatment with the transdermal nicotine patch did not differ for smokers with versus without comorbid anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in a large-scale clinical effectiveness trial. Development of targeted behavioral treatments may be required to optimize abstinence outcomes for this high-risk population, rather than simply extending the duration of pharmacotherapy treatments.
Improved Cosmetic Outcome With Bilateral Paraspinal Muscle Flap Closure Following Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion
Authors: Weinstein Gila R , Komlos Daniel , Haranhalli Neil , Houten John K 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Poor cosmetic results following cervical laminectomy and fusion (CLF) are rarely considered in assessing surgical complications. Atrophy from muscle denervation and posterior bone loss may result in a sunken appearance; relative tension may lead to wide, unsightly scars. Paraspinal muscle flaps are routinely employed by plastic surgeons for closure of wound infection and dehiscence.

OBJECTIVE
To assess clinical and cosmetic results of CLF with/without a paraspinal muscle flap closure technique.

METHODS
A retrospectively collected cohort analysis was undertaken for a 12-yr period in CLF patients. During the study period, a paraspinal muscle flap closure technique was adopted. Wounds were inspected for scar width and depth using a scale devised to categorize the posterior neck contour. Minimum follow-up was 12 mo.

RESULTS
Of 159 patients, 94 wounds were evaluated of which 34 had muscle flap closure. There were no differences in age, sex, body mass index, mJOA scores, diabetes status, or number of spinal levels treated. Mean follow-up was 18.6 (12-48) and 49.8 (12-130) mo in the muscle flap and conventional closure groups respectively; contour scores were 1.20 vs 2.65 (P < .00001) and scar width was 2.8 vs 4.9 mm (P < .0001). No patient had a wound complication in the muscle flap group and 4 (7%) in the conventional closure group.

CONCLUSION
Paraspinal muscle flap closure of CLF improved cosmetic appearance in terms of wound contour and scar width. Further investigation is needed to determine any effect upon wound infection and dehiscence rates.
Use of Tubular Retractor for Resection of Colloid Cysts: Single Surgeon Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Eichberg Daniel G , Buttrick Simon S , Sharaf Jake M , Snelling Brian M , Shah Ashish H , Ivan Michael E , Komotar Ricardo J 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Colloid cysts are challenging lesions to access. Various surgical approaches are utilized which all require brain retraction, creating focal pressure, local trauma, and potentially surgical morbidity. Recently, tubular retractors have been developed that reduce retraction pressure by distributing it radially. Such retractors may be beneficial in colloid cyst resection.

OBJECTIVE
To retrospectively review a single neurosurgeon's case series, as well as the literature, to determine the efficacy and safety profile of transtubular colloid cyst resections. We also aim to describe our operative technique for this approach.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective review of colloid cyst resections using either ViewSite Brain Access System (Vycor Medical, Boca Raton, Florida) or BrainPath (NICO, Indianapolis, Indiana) tubular retractors performed by a single neurosurgeon from 2015 to 2017 (n = 10). A literature review was performed to find all published cases of transtubular colloid cyst resections.

RESULTS
Gross total resection was achieved in all patients. Early neurologic deficit rate was 10% (n = 1), and permanent neurologic deficit rate was 0%. There were no postoperative seizures or venous injuries. Average hospital stay was 2.0 d. There was no evidence of recurrence at average follow-up length of 13.6 mo. A literature review demonstrated nine studies (n = 77) with an overall complication rate of 7.8%.

CONCLUSION
Tubular retractors offer an attractive surgical corridor for colloid cyst resections, avoiding much of the morbidity of interhemispheric approaches, while minimizing damage to normal cortex. There were no permanent complications in our series of ten cases, and a literature review found a similarly benign safety profile.
Convenience store visitors recall cigarette advertisements even if they do not purchase cigarettes
Authors: Hwang Ji-eun , Cho Sung-il , Yang Yu-seon , Lee Joung-eun , Lee Seon-young , Oh Yu-mi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
This study examined the extent to which visitors to convenience stores remember the cigarette advertisements they encounter in these stores and investigated the relationships between how advertisements are recalled and attitudes toward them.

Methods
Exit surveys of 1007 visitors to three convenience stores located in Seoul, Korea, were conducted between 25 November 2015 and 7 December 2015.

Results
Of the respondents, 23.4% (n = 236) freely recalled the cigarette advertisement in the store just visited. However, the percentage of participants who correctly recalled the advertisement increased to 55.2% (n = 556) after we presented them with a card showing options for the advertisement (i.e. a cued recall task). Regardless of sex or purchasing cigarettes, free recall performance was significantly associated with age, number of weekly visits to the convenience store and current smoking status. In addition, free recall increased with having a positive attitude toward cigarette advertisements.

Conclusions
Repeated visits to convenience stores may continue to expose individuals to cigarettes and their advertisements; such exposure may subconsciously affect recall of the advertisements and maintenance of a positive attitude toward cigarette advertisements. Therefore, to denormalize smoking in society, cigarette advertising and displays at points of sale including convenience stores, should be banned.
A Market-Based Funding Liquidity Measure
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Lu Andrea 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe construct a traded funding liquidity measure from stock returns. Guided by a model, we extract the measure as the return spread between two beta-neutral portfolios constructed using stocks with high and low margins, to control for their sensitivity to the aggregate funding shocks. Our measure of funding liquidity is correlated with other funding liquidity proxies. It delivers a positive risk premium that cannot be explained by existing risk factors. A model augmented by our funding liquidity measure has superior pricing performance for various portfolios. Despite evident comovement, this measure contains additional information that is not subsumed by market liquidity.Received March 29, 2017; accepted August 8, 2018 by Editor Wayne Ferson.
Behavior change is not one size fits all: psychosocial phenotypes of childhood obesity prevention intervention participants
Authors: Burgermaster Marissa , Contento Isobel , Koch Pamela , Mamykina Lena 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Variability in individuals’ responses to interventions may contribute to small average treatment effects of childhood obesity prevention interventions. But, neither the causes of this individual variability nor the mechanism by which it influences behavior are clear. We used qualitative methods to characterize variability in students’ responses to participating in a childhood obesity prevention intervention and psychosocial characteristics related to the behavior change process. We interviewed 18 students participating in a school-based curriculum and policy behavior change intervention. Descriptive coding, summary, and case-ordered descriptive meta-matrices were used to group participants by their psychosocial responses to the intervention and associated behavior changes. Four psychosocial phenotypes of responses emerged: (a) Activated—successful behavior-changers with strong internal supports; (b) Inspired—motivated, but not fully successful behavior-changers with some internal supports, whose taste preferences and food environment overwhelmed their motivation; (c) Reinforced—already practiced target behaviors, were motivated, and had strong family support; and (d) Indifferent—uninterested in behavior change and only did target behaviors if family insisted. Our findings contribute to the field of behavioral medicine by suggesting the presence of specific subgroups of participants who respond differently to behavior change interventions and salient psychosocial characteristics that differentiate among these phenotypes. Future research should examine the utility of prospectively identifying psychosocial phenotypes for improving the tailoring of nutrition behavior change interventions.
Down-Regulation of p23 in Normal Lung Epithelial Cells Reduces Toxicities From Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene and Cigarette Smoke Condensate via an Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Chen Jinyun , Yakkundi Poonam , Chan William K 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated signaling molecule which controls tumor growth and metastasis, T cell differentiation, and liver development. Expression levels of this receptor protein is sensitive to the cellular p23 protein levels in immortalized cancer cell lines. As little as 30% reduction of the p23 cellular content can suppress the AHR function. Here we reported that down-regulation of the p23 protein content in normal, untransformed human bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells to 48% of its content also suppresses the AHR protein levels to 54% of its content. This p23-mediated suppression of AHR is responsible for the suppression of (1) the ligand-dependent induction of the cyp1a1 gene transcription; (2) the benzo[a]pyrene- or cigarette smoke condensate-induced CYP1A1 enzyme activity, and (3) the benzo[a]pyrene and cigarette smoke condensate-mediated production of reactive oxygen species. Reduction of the p23 content does not alter expression of oxidative stress genes and production of PGE2. Down regulation of p23 suppresses the AHR protein levels in two other untransformed cell types, namely human breast MCF-10A and mouse immune regulatory Tr1 cells. Collectively, down-regulation of p23 suppresses the AHR protein levels in normal and untransformed cells and can in principle protect our lung epithelial cells from AHR-dependent oxidative damage caused by exposure to agents from environment and cigarette smoking.
Differences of Recovery from Rocuronium-induced Deep Paralysis in Response to Small Doses of Sugammadex between Elderly and Nonelderly Patients
Authors: Muramatsu Takahiro , Isono Shiroh , Ishikawa Teruhiko , Nozaki-Taguchi Natsuko , Okazaki Junko , Kitamura Yuji , Murakami Noriko , Sato Yasunori 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Complete recovery from rocuronium-induced muscle paralysis with sugammadex is reported to be delayed in elderly patients. The authors tested a hypothesis that recovery from deep neuromuscular block with low-dose sugammadex is slower (primary hypothesis) and incidence of recurarization is higher (secondary hypothesis) in elderly patients than in nonelderly patients.

Methods
In anesthetized elderly (n = 20; 76.9 ± 5.0 yr of age) and nonelderly patients (n = 20; 53.7 ± 12.8 yr of age) under deep paralysis with rocuronium, change of train-of-four ratio per minute (primary outcome variable) was measured with an acceleromyograph neuromuscular monitor during spontaneous recovery from rocuronium-induced muscle paralysis (0.6 mg/kg) and after infusion of low-dose sugammadex (50 µg · kg-1 · min-1). Recurarization was defined as the negative change of train-of-four ratio.

Results
Spontaneous train-of-four ratio recovery rate was significantly slower in the elderly group (median [25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 1.89 [1.22, 2.90] %/min) than in the nonelderly group (3.45 [1.96, 4.25] %/min, P = 0.024). Train-of-four ratio change rate in response to low-dose sugammadex was significantly slower in elderly (0.55 [–0.29, 1.54] %/min) than in the nonelderly group (1.68 [0.73, 3.13] %/min, P = 0.024). Incidence of recurarization was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the nonelderly group (35% vs. 5%, P = 0.044). Multiple linear regression analyses indicate that slower spontaneous train-of-four ratio recovery rate and impaired renal function are two major contributing factors that decrease train-of-four ratio change rate in response to low-dose sugammadex.

Conclusions
Elderly patients are at greater risk for recurarization and residual muscle paralysis when low-dose sugammadex is administered.