bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
Authors: Huang Jinquan , Zhang Changwei , Cheng Dongbing , Hu Bo , Zhang Pingcang , Wang Zhigang , Liu Jigen , Li Zhongwu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe dynamics of eroded and retained soil organic carbon (SOC) may provide critical clues for evaluating impacts of soil erosion on global carbon cycling. Distribution patterns of soil aggregates in eroded and deposited environments are shaped by selective transport of water erosion. Therefore, detecting the pattern of SOC mineralization in soils dominated by aggregates of different sizes is essential to accurately explore the dynamics of eroded and retained SOCs in eroded and deposited environments. In the present study, the characteristics of SOC mineralization and its relationship to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by different sizes of soil aggregates were investigated. The results demonstrated that the SOC mineralization rate of soils dominated by graded aggregates were significantly different, indicating that SOC mineralization in eroded and deposited environments are shaped by selective transport of water erosion. The highest mineralization rate was found in soils containing 1-2 mm aggregates at the initial stage of the experiment, and the daily average mineralization rate of the < 0.5 mm aggregates was significantly higher than that of the 2-3 mm aggregates. During the incubation, fungal communities exhibited a low dynamic character, whereas the composition of bacterial communities in all treatments changed significantly and had obvious differences relative to each other. Bacterial species diversities and relative abundances in the <0.5mm and the 2-3mm aggregates showed opposite dynamic characteristics. However, there were no statistical interactions between the dynamics of microbial communities and the changes of SOC or soil water content. Changes in bacterial community structure had no significant impact on the mineralization of SOC, which might be related to the quality of SOC or the specific utilization of carbon sources by different functional groups of microorganisms. Mineralization of the eroded and retained SOCs with specific qualities in relation to their functional microorganisms should be further explored in the future.
Case-Study Modelling Analysis of Hydrodynamics in the Nearshore of the Baltic Sea Forced by Extreme Along-shore Wind in the Case of a Cross-shore Obstacle
Authors: Sokolov Andrei , Chubarenko Boris 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the current study we use a three-dimensional model with hydrodynamic and spectral wave modules operating in a coupled mode to simulate the response of currents and wind wave fields to winds of 20–25 m/sec offshore of the protective structure of the Saint Petersburg Flood Prevention Facility Complex. The model was calibrated against field data, which allowed us to obtain a tool describing storm situations in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland with a satisfactory accuracy. The numerical modeling showed that the protective dam did not have a noticeable effect on the levels of stormsurge, significantwave height, or current speed in areas seaward of the dam. The increase in erosion processes on the southern shore of the easternmost part of the Gulf of Finland in recent past has most probably been related to other factors. We found that if a west or south-west wind of at least 25 m/s blows over the Baltic Sea for at least 16 hours, the level of storm surges seaward of the dam may reach 3 or more meters. An artificial strengthening of the coastline and the creation of shore protection structures are recommended.
Calculation of Wave Run-up Height in South Baltic Sea: Case Study at Coastal Research Station at Lubiatowo, Poland
Authors: Morawski Michał , Różyński Grzegorz , Szmytkiewicz Piotr 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper presents recent investigations of beach run-up phenomena at the Coastal Research Station of the Institute of Hydro-Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences at Lubiatowo, Poland. The local beach is typical of open-sea coasts of the south Baltic Sea, featuring multiple longshore bars that form predominantly dissipative systems. Measurements were taken to verify the existing formulas for the run-up height, bearing in mind that they had been derived for entirely different, oceanic conditions. The results indicate that these formulations can be adapted to south Baltic Sea conditions. This however, will require significantly larger data sets, which we intend to obtain in the near future.
Calculation of Dune Profile Changes Generated by Hurricane: Preliminary Results
Authors: Szmytkiewicz Piotr , Szmytkiewicz Marek , Schönhofer Jan , Morawski Michał , Malicki Jakub 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the main theoretical concepts related to methods of calculating the erosion rate for sandy dunes on natural coasts, namely, the beach equilibrium profile and incident waves. To illustrate calculations of dune erosion in the vicinity of the Coastal Research Station (CRS) in Lubiatowo, the Xbeach model (an incident wave model) was used. The calculations were carried out for hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions that accompanied Hurricane Ksawery (December 6–8, 2013). The results of the calculations were compared with the measured data. A satisfactory agreement was obtained between the predicted and measured results.
Genetic polymorphisms associated with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Indian adolescents
Authors: Jain Vandana , Kumar Anil , Ahmad Nayeem , Jana Manisha , Kalaivani Mani , Kumar Brijesh , Shastri Shivaram , Jain Oshima , Kabra Madhulika 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in four genes, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA), patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian Indian adolescents.

Methods
In this case-control study, 218 Asian Indian adolescents with overweight/obesity and 86 lean healthy adults without fatty liver were enrolled. Hepatic steatosis was assessed and graded by ultrasonography (USG). Serum insulin, lipids, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), TNF-α, adiponectin and apolipoprotein C3 were measured and genotyping was done. Frequencies of variant and wild genotypes in all adolescents and in the subgroups without steatosis, with grade 1 steatosis and with grade 2 or 3 steatosis were compared to those in the controls. The frequencies were also compared in the overweight adolescents with grade 2 or 3 steatosis and without steatosis.

Results
Variant genotypes of polymorphisms −863 C > A and −1031 T > C of the TNFA gene, 455 T > C of the APOC3 gene and the wild type of +276 G > T of the ADIPOQ gene were associated with obesity with odds ratios (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of 2.5 (1.5–4.4), 2.5 (1.5–4.2), 2.0 (1.1–3.6) and 2.5 (1.4–5.0), respectively. Polymorphisms 455 T > C of APOC3 and rs738409 C > G of PNPLA3 were associated with NAFLD. Fasting insulin and triglycerides (TG) were higher in the adolescents with homozygous variant polymorphisms −1031 T > C of TNFA and 455 T > C of APOC3 genes, respectively.

Conclusions
Several polymorphisms were noted to have a significant association with obesity and NAFLD in Asian Indian adolescents.
Growth screening in children aged 3–5 years: a useful tool for public health programs in community pediatrics
Authors: Kayemba-Kay’s Simon , Maillet Odile , Hindmarsh Peter , Heron Anne 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
About 90% of children grow up normally and attain a final height within their genetic target. In children with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), up to 10% will not catch up spontaneously. Turner syndrome is often diagnosed late, and a number of growth-stunted children go undiagnosed and untreated.

Objectives
Our primary aim was to evaluate the prevalence of stunted growth in preschool-aged children. Our secondary aim was to evaluate growth patterns in children belonging to four ethnic groups in Dreux district, France.

Methods
Body weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were collected for children aged 3–5 years during systematic community visits. Birth variables, family history of short stature, maternal smoking, ethnic origin, etc. were also recorded. Pubertal status was staged as per Tanner’s method. Parents were instructed to attend the hospital growth clinics if their child’s height was <−2.0 standard deviation score (SDS).

Results
Five hundred ninety-three children were screened (301 boys, 289 girls). The mean age was 4.33 ± 0.76 standard deviation (SD) years, and 48% were Caucasians, 13.7% were North Africans, 2.5% were Black Africans, 0.8% were Asians, 1.5% included others and the ethnicity was not specified in 33.5% of the cases. 91.5% of children were term-born and 8.5% were preterm. 84.2% of children were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 9.4% were small for gestational age (SGA). At 5 years of age, 22.2% of macrosomic North African children were overweight. Catch-up growth was complete in 98% children, 11/540 were short statured, 8/11 attended our growth clinics (seven short statured and one micropenis) and three were started on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH).

Conclusions
Growth screening programs are important and useful tools for public health. There is a need for clear objectives, proper training and automated data collection tools, along with easy access to growth specialists.
Unidirectional Maxwellian spin waves
Authors: Van Mechelen Todd , Jacob Zubin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this article, we develop a unified perspective of unidirectional topological edge waves in nonreciprocal media. We focus on the inherent role of photonic spin in nonreciprocal gyroelectric media, i.e. magnetized metals or magnetized insulators. Due to the large body of contradicting literature, we point out at the outset that these Maxwellian spin waves are fundamentally different from well-known topologically trivial surface plasmon polaritons. We first review the concept of a Maxwell Hamiltonian in nonreciprocal media, which immediately reveals that the gyrotropic coefficient behaves as a photon mass in two dimensions. Similar to the Dirac mass, this photonic mass opens bandgaps in the energy dispersion of bulk propagating waves. Within these bulk photonic bandgaps, three distinct classes of Maxwellian edge waves exist – each arising from subtle differences in boundary conditions. On one hand, the edge wave solutions are rigorous photonic analogs of Jackiw-Rebbi electronic edge states. On the other hand, for the exact same system, they can be high frequency photonic counterparts of the integer quantum Hall effect, familiar at zero frequency. Our Hamiltonian approach also predicts the existence of a third distinct class of Maxwellian edge wave exhibiting topological protection. This occurs in an intriguing topological bosonic phase of matter, fundamentally different from any known electronic or photonic medium. The Maxwellian edge state in this unique quantum gyroelectric phase of matter necessarily requires a sign change in gyrotropy arising from nonlocality (spatial dispersion). In a Drude system, this behavior emerges from a spatially dispersive cyclotron frequency that switches sign with momentum. A signature property of these topological electromagnetic edge states is that they are oblivious to the contacting medium, i.e. they occur at the interface of the quantum gyroelectric phase and any medium (even vacuum). This is because the edge state satisfies open boundary conditions – all components of the electromagnetic field vanish at the interface. Furthermore, the Maxwellian spin waves exhibit photonic spin-1 quantization in exact analogy with their supersymmetric spin-1/2 counterparts. The goal of this paper is to discuss these three foundational classes of edge waves in a unified perspective while providing in-depth derivations, taking into account nonlocality and various boundary conditions. Our work sheds light on the important role of photonic spin in condensed matter systems, where this definition of spin is also translatable to topological photonic crystals and metamaterials.
Study of proton induced nuclear reactions on molybdenum: cross section measurements and theoretical calculations
Authors: Elbinawi Alaa , Al-abyad Mogahed , Bashter Ibrahim , Seddik Usama , Ditrói Ferenc 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Excitation functions were measured by the activation method using the stacked-foil technique for the natMo(p,x)93(m+g),94m,g,95m,g,96(m+g),99mTc, 92m,95Nb reactions up to 18 MeV. The experimental results were compared with literature data and theoretical results from EMPIRE-3.2.2 code and TENDL. Special attention was paid to the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc reaction which is very promising for the production of 99mTc at a cyclotron. In order to optimize the production conditions of some medically important Tc isotopes, the integral yields were estimated based on the measured cross sections.
Extended noise equalisation for image compression in microscopical applications
Authors: Kirchhöfer Daniel M. , Holst Gerhard A. , Wouters Fred S. , Hock Stephan , Jähne Bernd 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Today’s camera systems used for machine vision and scientific applications have intra-scene dynamic ranges up to 16 bit and therefore A/D converters with up to 16 bit resolution per pixel. Unfortunately, the linear amplification of electrons also forces a linear or even quadratic increase of the image noise variance with the signal. Based on a method published in 2016 (B. Jähne, M. Schwarzbauer, tm-Technisches Messen 83.1), this paper describes a more general nonlinear transformation which equalizes the combined effect of temporal noise and photo-response non-uniformity (PRNU) and/or temporal noise in the illumination system of an image sensor. With this generalisation it is possible to use the equalisation also for microscopic applications for which an example is discussed.
A poesia espacial em O deserto dos tártaros, de Dino Buzzati
Authors: Couto Elvis Paulo 
Published: June 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a poesia espacial – a expressão é de Max Milner – em O deserto dos tártaros (1940), de Dino Buzzati. Embora seja frequentemente classificado como romance, demonstramos que esse texto é, na verdade, uma narrativa poética. À luz, sobretudo, da teoria de Tadié em Le récit poétique (1978), investigamos a categoria do espaço, pois ela constrói as formas poéticas que, geralmente, contrariam a lógica do gênero romanesco. Nosso foco é tripartido em: 1) análise dos aspectos que conferem centralidade ao espaço; 2) exame da criação de imagens discursivas; 3) sondagem dos recursos estilísticos (descrição, predomínio do imperfeito, paralelismo etc.). *** The spatial poetry in The tartar steppe, by Dino Buzzati ***This article aims to analyze the spatial poetry – the expression is by Max Milner – in The tartar steppe (1940) by Dino Buzzati. Although often classified as a novel, we demonstrate that this text is, in fact, a poetic narrative. Mainly in the light of the theory by Tadié in Le récit poétique (1978), we investigate the space category because it builds the poetic forms that usually contradict the logic of the novel genre. Our focus is tripartite in: 1) analysis of the aspects that give centrality to space; 2) examination of the creation of discursive images; 3) research of stylistic resources (description, predominance of the imperfect, parallelism, etc.).Keywords: The tartar steppe; Dino Buzzati; Poetic narrative; Space.
As figurações da morte em Vida e morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá, de Lima Barreto
Authors: De Melo José Osmar 
Published: June 2019

Este ensaio tem por finalidade abordar as figurações da morte em Vida e morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá, de Lima Barreto, com vistas a mostrá-las como manifestações da linguagem no plano do enunciado e da enunciação do discurso literário a partir da perspectiva da teoria literária e da filosofia. *** The figurations of the death in Vida e morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá, by Lima Barreto ***This article aims to analyze the metaphors of death in the novel Vida e morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá, by Lima Barreto, to show them as manifestations of language in the plane of the enunciation and the enunciation of literary discourse from the perspective of literary theory and philosophy.Keywords: Lima Barreto; Eros; Thanatos; life, death; utopia.
Quando o silêncio narra o que aconteceu: a morte em "To the Lighthouse"
Authors: Coutinho Adriana Madeira 
Published: June 2019

Este artigo reflete sobre a condição humana e seu fim último, a morte, através do romance “To the Lighthouse”, de Virginia Woolf, em que a narrativa se desenvolve na relação entre a vida e a morte. Nas três partes do romance os acontecimentos giram em torno da morte, não só da morte física mas também de uma morte simbólica. Para tanto são apontadas algumas observações sobre subjetivismo e realidade objetiva, sobre temporalidade e sobre a própria prosa moderna nas formulações de Erich Auerbach. Em uma perspectiva empírica a autora aproxima o romance de sua realidade concreta, desnuda a dificuldade da escrita após um evento traumático além de apresentar aos leitores a fragilidade humana diante do inesperado. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001. *** When silence tells what happened: death in "To the Lighthouse" ***This article reflects on the human condition and its ultimate end, death, through Virginia Woolf's novel "To the Lighthouse," where the narrative unfolds in the relationship between life and death. In the three parts of the novel, events revolve around death, not only physical death but also a symbolic death. To this end, some observations on subjectivism and objective reality, on temporality, and on modern prose itself in the formulations of Erich Auerbach are pointed out. In an empirical perspective, the author brings the novel closer to its concrete reality, exposes the difficulty of writing after a traumatic event, as well as presenting the human frailty before the unexpected. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.Keywords: Virginia Woolf; Death; Human condition; Literary criticism.
Martha Tupinambá de Ulhôa, Cláudia Azevedo and Felipe Trotta, eds. 'Made in Brazil: Studies in Popular Music'
Authors: Perna Vincenzo 
Published: June 2019

Martha Tupinambá de Ulhôa, Cláudia Azevedo and Felipe Trotta, eds. 2015. Made in Brazil: Studies in Popular Music. New York and London: Routledge. 249pp. ISBN 978-0-41562-560-9 (hbk).
Christina Sunardi. 'Stunning Males and Powerful Females: Gender and Tradition in East Javanese Dance'
Authors: Harwood Dane 
Published: June 2019

Christina Sunardi. 2015. Stunning Males and Powerful Females: Gender and Tradition in East Javanese Dance. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. 256pp. ISBN 978-0-25208-059-3 (pbk).
Sounding Dublin
Authors: O'Flynn John , Mangaoang Áine 
Published: June 2019

This article interrogates ideas of popular music "sound(s)" linked to place by interpreting data gathered during the applied research project Mapping Popular Music in Dublin (MPMiD) 2015-16. An outline background, rationale and framework for MPMiD is presented, followed by a review of methods developed and overall themes that emerged. Focusing on the project's "Sounding Dublin" strand, the article analyses the responses of 366 participants from a section of MPMiD's e-survey relating to music, musicians, sounds and soundtracks that might be considered "typical" (or otherwise) of Dublin. Although a substantial minority of participants eschew notions of sonic uniqueness linked to place in the abstract sense, the data reveal a rich tapestry of experiences and standpoints linked to ideas of a Dublin sound or sounds. Some appear to concur with conventional hagiographies of rock and folk, with others challenging received narratives and proposing alternative viewpoints, scenes and pathways. "Dublin-specific" associations emerging across various genres are based on appraisals of performer engagement, accent and timbre, and narrative/lyrical style.
Osmoregulation Performance and Kidney Transplant Outcome
Authors: Mazloum Manal , Jouffroy Jordan , Brazier François , Legendre Christophe , Neuraz Antoine , Garcelon Nicolas , Prié Dominique , Anglicheau Dany , Bienaimé Frank 
Published: June 2019

Significance Statement
Although hyponatremia is a risk factor for adverse events in CKD and in kidney transplant recipients—who may have impaired urine dilution capability—it is unclear what effects subtler alterations in osmoregulation may have on outcomes in this population. The authors investigated the prevalence of osmoregulation defects in a large, single-center prospective cohort of kidney transplant recipients. They found that a large proportion of the transplant recipients (unlike healthy controls) did not maintain constant plasma sodium in response to sustained moderate water loading. In addition, the magnitude of this osmoregulation defect independently predicted deterioration of kidney function (lower measured GFR at 12 months) and allograft loss. Understanding the basis of defective osmoregulation may provide novel therapeutic targets to prevent kidney allograft dysfunction.

Background
Kidney transplant recipients have an impaired ability to dilute urine but seldom develop baseline hyponatremia before ESRD. Although hyponatremia is a risk factor for adverse events in CKD and in kidney transplant recipients, it remains unclear whether subtler alterations in osmoregulation performance are associated with outcome.

Methods
We studied a single-center prospective cohort of 1258 kidney transplant recipients who underwent a water-loading test 3 months after transplant to determine osmoregulation performance. Measured GFR (mGFR) was performed at the same visit. A group of 164 healthy candidates for kidney donation served as controls. We further evaluated the association of osmoregulation performance with transplantation outcomes and subsequent kidney function.

Results
Unlike controls, most kidney transplant recipients failed to maintain plasma sodium during water loading (plasma sodium slope of −0.6±0.4 mmol/L per hour in transplant recipients versus −0.12±0.3 mmol/L per hour in controls; P<0.001). Steeper plasma sodium reduction during the test independently associated with the composite outcome of all-cause mortality and allograft loss (hazard ratio [HR], 1.73 per 1 mmol/L per hour decrease in plasma sodium; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.23 to 2.45; P=0.002) and allograft loss alone (HR, 2.04 per 1 mmol/L per hour decrease in plasma sodium; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.51; P=0.01). The association remained significant in a prespecified sensitivity analysis excluding patients with hyperglycemia. In addition, a steeper plasma sodium slope 3 months after transplantation independently correlated with lower mGFR at 12 months (β=1.93; 95% CI, 0.46 to 3.41; P=0.01).

Conclusions
Reduced osmoregulation performance occurs frequently in kidney transplant recipients and is an independent predictor of renal outcome.