bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling Changes in the Spectral Shape of Chlorophyll Fluorescence: Implications for Remote Sensing of Photosynthesis
Authors: Magney Troy S. , Frankenberg Christian , Köhler Philipp , North Gretchen , Davis Thomas S. , Dold Christian , Dutta Debsunder , Fisher Joshua B. , Grossmann Katja , Harrington Alexis , Hatfield Jerry , Stutz Jochen , Sun Ying , Porcar‐Castell Albert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNovel satellite measurements of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) can improve our understanding of global photosynthesis; however, little is known about how to interpret the controls on its spectral variability. To address this, we disentangle simultaneous drivers of fluorescence spectra by coupling active and passive fluorescence measurements with photosynthesis. We show empirical and mechanistic evidence for where, why, and to what extent leaf fluorescence spectra change. Three distinct components explain more than 95% of the variance in leaf fluorescence spectra under both steady‐state and changing illumination conditions. A single spectral shape of fluorescence explains 84% of the variance across a wide range of species. The magnitude of this shape responds to absorbed light and photosynthetic up/down regulation; meanwhile, chlorophyll concentration and nonphotochemical quenching control 9% and 3% of the remaining spectral variance, respectively. The spectral shape of fluorescence is remarkably stable where most current satellite retrievals occur (“far‐red,” >740nm), and dynamic downregulation of photosynthesis reduces fluorescence magnitude similarly across the 670‐ to 850‐nm range. We conduct an exploratory analysis of hourly red and far‐red canopy SIF in soybean, which shows a subtle change in red:far‐red fluorescence coincident with photosynthetic downregulation but is overshadowed by longer‐term changes in canopy chlorophyll and structure. Based on our leaf and canopy analysis, caution should be taken when attributing large changes in the spectral shape of remotely sensed SIF to plant stress, particularly if data acquisition is temporally sparse. Ultimately, changes in SIF magnitude at wavelengths greater than 740 nm alone may prove sufficient for tracking photosynthetic dynamics.
Scavenging of Nitrogen From the Atmosphere by Atmospheric (Rain and Snow) and Occult (Dew and Frost) Precipitation: Comparison of Urban and Nonurban Deposition Profiles
Authors: Kurzyca I. , Frankowski M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the comparison of atmospheric (rain and snow) versus occult (dew and frost) precipitation in terms of scavenging of nitrogen compounds (inorganic and organic) from the atmosphere. Exceptional cases of heavy fog, black ice, hail, and heavy rain were also described. Apart from genesis and morphology of these phenomena, various factors affecting precipitation affinity to scavenging of airborne nitrogen compounds from the atmosphere were investigated. A study simultaneously performed at two sampling points (lowland Central Europe, 30 km away from each other, urban vs. woodland) indicated statistically significant differences in hydrological conditions between areas. Local conditions (urban heat island vs. humid woodland) more likely determined precipitation form, amount, and frequency than the air masses characteristic in the upper troposphere. This (apart from pollution sources) significantly affects the deposition load of nitrogen per area unit. The highest values were obtained with atmospheric precipitation (mainly rainwater) at about 9 and 5 kg N/ha/year in the city and woodland areas, respectively. Nevertheless, the investigated affinity of precipitation to scavenging airborne nitrogen from the atmosphere elicited progressively changing loads of nitrogen per volume unit as follows: dew > rain bulk > snow bulk > rain wet only > frost > snow wet only.
An in-silico approach for discovery of microRNA-TF regulation of DISC1 interactome mediating neuronal migration
Authors: John John P. , Thirunavukkarasu Priyadarshini , Ishizuka Koko , Parekh Pravesh , Sawa Akira 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNeuronal migration constitutes an important step in corticogenesis; dysregulation of the molecular mechanisms mediating this crucial step in neurodevelopment may result in various neuropsychiatric disorders. By curating experimental data from published literature, we identified eight functional modules involving Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) and its interacting proteins that regulate neuronal migration. We then identified miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) that form functional feedback loops and regulate gene expression of the DISC1 interactome. Using this curated data, we conducted in-silico modeling of the DISC1 interactome involved in neuronal migration and identified the proteins that either facilitate or inhibit neuronal migrational processes. We also studied the effect of perturbation of miRNAs and TFs in feedback loops on the DISC1 interactome. From these analyses, we discovered that STAT3, TCF3, and TAL1 (through feedback loop with miRNAs) play a critical role in the transcriptional control of DISC1 interactome thereby regulating neuronal migration. To the best of our knowledge, regulation of the DISC1 interactome mediating neuronal migration by these TFs has not been previously reported. These potentially important TFs can serve as targets for undertaking validation studies, which in turn can reveal the molecular processes that cause neuronal migration defects underlying neurodevelopmental disorders. This underscores the importance of the use of in-silico techniques in aiding the discovery of mechanistic evidence governing important molecular and cellular processes. The present work is one such step towards the discovery of regulatory factors of the DISC1 interactome that mediates neuronal migration.
Reply to ‘A refutation to ‘A new A-P compartment boundary and organizer in holometabolous insect wings’
Authors: Abbasi Roohollah , Marcus Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHere we reply to the “Refutation” of Lawrence, Casal, de Cellis, and Morata, who critique our paper presenting evidence for an organizer and compartment boundary subdividing the widely recognized posterior wing compartment of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) and Drosophila, that we called the F-P boundary. Lawrence et al. present no data from the Lepidoptera and while the data that they present from Drosophila melanogaster mitotic clones are intriguing and may be informative with respect to the timing of the activity of the A-P and F-P organizers, considerable ambiguity remains regarding how their data should be interpreted with respect to the proposed wing compartment boundaries. Thus, contrary to their claims, Lawrence et al. have failed to falsify the F-P boundary hypothesis. Additional studies employing mitotic clones labeled with easily detectable markers that do not affect cytoskeletal organization or rates of cell division such as GFP and RFP clones produced by G-Trace or Twin Spot Generator (TSG) may further clarify the number of compartment boundaries in Drosophila wings. At the same time, because Drosophila wings are diminutive and highly modified compared to other insects, we also urge great caution in making generalizations about insect wing development based exclusively on studies in Drosophila.Replying to: Lawrence, P.A., Casal, J., de Celis, J., Morata, G. A refutation to ‘A new A-P compartment boundary and organizer in holometabolous insect wings’. Sci. Rep. 9 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42668-y.
Fast and low loss flexoelectro-optic liquid crystal phase modulator with a chiral nematic reflector
Authors: Wang Xiuze , Fells Julian A. J. , Yip Wing C. , Ali Taimoor , Lin Jia-de , Welch Chris , Mehl Georg H. , Booth Martin J. , Wilkinson Timothy D. , Morris Stephen M. , Elston Steve J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate a flexoelectro-optic liquid crystal phase-only device that uses a chiral nematic reflector to achieve full 2π phase modulation. This configuration is found to be very tolerant to imperfections in the chiral nematic reflector provided that the flexoelectro-optic LC layer fulfils the half-wave condition. Encouragingly, the modulation in the phase, which operates at kHz frame rates, is also accompanied by low amplitude modulation. The configuration demonstrated herein is particularly promising for the development of next-generation liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulators.
Clinical Survey and Predictors of Outcomes of Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Admitted to the Emergency Department
Authors: Lee Jung , Yang Wen-Chieh , Lee En-Pei , Huang Jing-Long , Hsiao Hsiang-Ju , Lin Mao-Jen , Wu Han-Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a rare event with severe sequelae. Although the survival to hospital-discharge (STHD) rate has improved from 2–6% to 17.6–40.2%, only 1–4% of OHCA survivors have a good neurological outcome. This study investigated the characteristics of case management before and after admittance to the emergency department (ED) associated with outcomes of pediatric OHCA in an ED. This was a retrospective study of data collected from our ED resuscitation room logbooks dating from 2005 to 2016. All records of children under 18 years old with OHCA were reviewed. Outcomes of interest included sustained return of spontaneous circulation (SROSC), STHD, and neurological outcomes. From the 12-year study period, 152 patients were included. Pediatric OHCA commonly affects males (55.3%, n = 84) and infants younger than 1 year of age (47.4%, n = 72) at home (76.3%, n = 116). Most triggers of pediatric OHCA were respiratory in nature (53.2%, n = 81). Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (29.6%, n = 45), unknown medical causes (25%, n = 38), and trauma (10.5%, n = 16) were the main causes of pediatric OHCA. Sixty-two initial cardiac rhythms at the scene were obtained, most of which were asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) (93.5%, n/all: 58/62). Upon ED arrival, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was continued for 32.66 ± 20.71 min in the ED and 34.9% (n = 53) gained SROSC. Among them, 13.8% (n = 21) achieved STHD and 4.6% (n = 7) had a favorable neurological outcome. In multivariate analyses, fewer ED epinephrine doses (p < 0.05), witness of OHCA (p = 0.001), and shorter ED CPR duration (p = 0.007) were factors that increased the rate of SROSC at the ED. A longer emergency medical service (EMS) scene interval (p = 0.047) and shorter ED CPR interval (p = 0.047) improved STHD.
Human gut derived-organoids provide model to study gluten response and effects of microbiota-derived molecules in celiac disease
Authors: Freire Rachel , Ingano Laura , Serena Gloria , Cetinbas Murat , Anselmo Anthony , Sapone Anna , Sadreyev Ruslan I. , Fasano Alessio , Senger Stefania 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten exposure. The contribution of the adaptive immune response to CD pathogenesis has been extensively studied, but the absence of valid experimental models has hampered our understanding of the early steps leading to loss of gluten tolerance. Using intestinal organoids developed from duodenal biopsies from both non-celiac (NC) and celiac (CD) patients, we explored the contribution of gut epithelium to CD pathogenesis and the role of microbiota-derived molecules in modulating the epithelium’s response to gluten. When compared to NC, RNA sequencing of CD organoids revealed significantly altered expression of genes associated with gut barrier, innate immune response, and stem cell functions. Monolayers derived from CD organoids exposed to gliadin showed increased intestinal permeability and enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to NC controls. Microbiota-derived bioproducts butyrate, lactate, and polysaccharide A improved barrier function and reduced gliadin-induced cytokine secretion. We concluded that: (1) patient-derived organoids faithfully express established and newly identified molecular signatures characteristic of CD. (2) microbiota-derived bioproducts can be used to modulate the epithelial response to gluten. Finally, we validated the use of patient-derived organoids monolayers as a novel tool for the study of CD.
Serum amino acid profiles and risk of type 2 diabetes among Japanese adults in the Hitachi Health Study
Authors: Chen Sanmei , Akter Shamima , Kuwahara Keisuke , Matsushita Yumi , Nakagawa Tohru , Konishi Maki , Honda Toru , Yamamoto Shuichiro , Hayashi Takeshi , Noda Mitsuhiko , Mizoue Tetsuya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAmino acids have emerged as novel biomarkers for predicting type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the epidemiologic data linking circulating amino acid profiles with T2D are sparse in Asian populations. We conducted a nested case-control study within a cohort of 4,754 nondiabetic Japanese employees who attended a comprehensive health checkup in 2008–2009 and agreed to provide blood samples. During a 5-year follow-up, incident T2D cases were ascertained based on plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and self-report. Two controls matched to each case on sex, age, and the date of serum sampling were randomly selected by using density sampling, resulting in 284 cases and 560 controls with amino acid measures. High concentrations of valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, alanine, glutamate, ornithine, and lysine were associated with an increased risk of incident T2D, in a linear manner. High glutamine concentrations were associated with a decreased risk of incident T2D. Further adjustment for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance attenuated these associations. Overall, these amino acids may be novel useful biomarkers in the identification of people at risk of T2D before overt symptoms. Insulin resistance may account for or mediate the relationship between these amino acids and risk of incident T2D.
GBA and APOE ε4 associate with sporadic dementia with Lewy bodies in European genome wide association study
Authors: Rongve Arvid , Witoelar Aree , Ruiz Agustín , Athanasiu Lavinia , Abdelnour Carla , Clarimon Jordi , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Hernández Isabel , Moreno-Grau Sonia , de Rojas Itziar , Morenas-Rodríguez Estrella , Fladby Tormod , Sando Sigrid B. , Bråthen Geir , Blanc Frédéric , Bousiges Olivier , Lemstra Afina W. , van Steenoven Inger , Londos Elisabet , Almdahl Ina S. , Pålhaugen Lene , Eriksen Jon A. , Djurovic Srdjan , Stordal Eystein , Saltvedt Ingvild , Ulstein Ingun D. , Bettella Francesco , Desikan Rahul S. , Idland Ane-Victoria , Toft Mathias , Pihlstrøm Lasse , Snaedal Jon , Tárraga Lluís , Boada Mercè , Lleó Alberto , Stefánsson Hreinn , Stefánsson Kári , Ramírez Alfredo , Aarsland Dag , Andreassen Ole A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with poor prognosis and mainly unknown pathophysiology. Heritability estimates exceed 30% but few genetic risk variants have been identified. Here we investigated common genetic variants associated with DLB in a large European multisite sample. We performed a genome wide association study in Norwegian and European cohorts of 720 DLB cases and 6490 controls and included 19 top-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms in an additional cohort of 108 DLB cases and 75545 controls from Iceland. Overall the study included 828 DLB cases and 82035 controls. Variants in the ASH1L/GBA (Chr1q22) and APOE ε4 (Chr19) loci were associated with DLB surpassing the genome-wide significance threshold (p < 5 × 10−8). One additional genetic locus previously linked to psychosis in Alzheimer’s disease, ZFPM1 (Chr16q24.2), showed suggestive association with DLB at p-value < 1 × 10−6. We report two susceptibility loci for DLB at genome-wide significance, providing insight into etiological factors. These findings highlight the complex relationship between the genetic architecture of DLB and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Design of planar and wideangle resonant color absorbers for applications in the visible spectrum
Authors: Gomes de Souza Igor Leonardo , Rodriguez-Esquerre Vitaly Felix 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe propose a design approach for color absorbers based on a tri-layer metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) planar geometry, which maintains the same color absorbed, over a range of incident angles from 0° to 80° for light with TM polarization. The dielectrics are chosen to satisfy the ideal conditions of resonance. We calculate the ideal thickness of each dielectric layer by using the planar resonance theory. The numerical results show a total absorption above 85% for all colors of the absorber. We analyzed the influence of the of the metallic top layer thickness and we demonstrated the fabrication error tolerance of the proposed absorber. Finally, we present and discuss the physical mechanisms for the coupling of the electromagnetic field and the absorbed optical power in the structure.
Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Undergoing Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation
Authors: Kim Yun Gi , Shim Jaemin , Oh Suk-Kyu , Lee Kwang-No , Choi Jong-Il , Kim Young-Hoon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIschemic stroke after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients is a great challenge for electrophysiologists. We performed this retrospective study to evaluate clinical and echocardiographic characteristics associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke following RFCA. A total of 2,352 consecutive patients with AF who underwent first-time RFCA were analyzed. Among 10,023 patient*year follow up, ischemic stroke occurred in 49 patients (0.49% per year). Late recurrence after last RFCA was significantly associated with ischemic stroke (3.8% vs. 12.9%, p < 0.001). Old age (≥60 years old) (3.2% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.001), non-paroxysmal AF (hazard ratio = 1.91, p = 0.024), left atrium (LA) size ≥45.0 mm (6.6% vs. 11.7%, p < 0.001), E over E’ ≥10 (4.3% vs. 20.1%, p < 0.001), dense spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) (5.2% vs. 19.0%, p = 0.006), and decreased left atrial appendage (LAA) flow velocity (≤40 cm/sec) (4.1% vs. 10.8%, p < 0.001) were also associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. The REVEEAL score derived from the risk factors identified in this study was superior to CHA2DS2-VASc score (p < 0.001) for the prediction of ischemic stroke. In conclusion, the risk factors for ischemic stroke in post-RFCA AF patients are not identical to RFCA naive AF patients and different approach to stratify the risk of ischemic stroke is needed.
Comparison of cytological adequacy and pain scale score in ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of solid thyroid nodules for liquid-based cytology with with 23- and 25-gauge needles: a single-center prospective study
Authors: Lee Yoo Jin , Kim Dong Wook , Shin Gi Won , Heo Young Jin , Baek Jin Wook , Choo Hye Jung , Cho Young Jun , Jung Soo Jin , Baek Hye Jin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of solid thyroid nodules (STN) using liquid-based cytology (LBC), the most appropriate needle size for LBC remains unclear. This study compared the cytological adequacy and complications associated with using 23- and 25-gauge needles in US-guided FNA of STNs using LBC. US-guided FNA was performed in consecutive patients by one radiologist to diagnose STNs ≥ 5 mm in the largest diameter. The one-sampling technique through a single needle puncture and multiple to-and-fro needle motions was used in each patient. The 23- and 25-guage needles were used consecutively each day. After FNA, the pain and complications experienced by each patient were investigated by a nurse, who was blinded to the information of needle gauge used. A cytopathologist retrospectively analyzed the cytological adequacy and cellularity of the cases. Of the 99 STNs, eight (8.1%) exhibited inadequate cytology (4 each with 23- and 25-gauge needles). The rate of cytological adequacy was not statistically different between the groups (p = 0.631). The mean pain scale values with 23- and 25-gauge needles were 2.1 ± 1.3 and 1.6 ± 1.3, respectively (p = 0.135). There were no significant complications in either group. In conclusion, both 23- and 25-gauge needles are useful in LBC because cytological adequacy and complications were not statistically different with both sizes of the needles.
Long automated driving phase affects take‐over performance
Authors: Bourrelly Aurore , Jacobé de Naurois Charlotte , Zran Asmae , Rampillon Felicie , Vercher Jean‐Louis , Bourdin Christophe 
Published: May 2019

The authors investigated the impact of automated driving phases of different durations (long versus short) on take‐over performance and driver state. About 30 participants drove on a dynamic simulator under autonomous mode for three successive periods of automated driving: a short (10 min), a long (1 h) and another short (10 min) period, each ending with a take‐over request. They performed a non‐driving task, watching a film of their choice, throughout the autonomous phases. Driving performance – reaction time and quality – and driver drowsiness were assessed at each take over. About 1 h of automated driving affected the driver's behaviour, leading to poorer take‐over performance (longer reaction time and sharper avoidance manoeuvre) and increased drowsiness compared with a shorter autonomous period. Results also suggest that sequencing the autonomous phase in several short periods should improve the driver's take‐over performance and help prevent drowsiness. Their findings sound a warning on the risks associated with long phases of automated driving. In particular, they provide evidence that a series of short periods of automated driving is preferable to a long, continuous automated driving phase.
Self‐powered wireless sensor network using event‐triggered energy harvesters for monitoring and identifying intrusion activities
Authors: Dong Chuan , Li Suiqiong , Han Ruofeng , He Qisheng , Li Xinxin , Xu Dacheng 
Published: May 2019

Monitoring concerned activities and identifying activity types usually require sensors and corresponding data processing circuits, which are often restricted by the limited power supply in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This study presents a self‐powered smart WSN for passively monitoring and distinguishing different vibration events. In the proposed WSN, the sensing function is performed by vibration‐threshold‐triggered energy harvesters (VTT‐EHs). The output power of the VTT‐EH dramatically increases when an input vibration exceeds the pre‐set vibration‐threshold of the harvester, indicating the occurrence of specific concerned events. On the basis of this principle, two VTT‐EHs with different thresholds were designed to detect and distinguish vibration events with different vibration characteristics. Meanwhile, electromagnetic EHs were applied to generate sufficient power for wirelessly transmitting the alarm signals within several seconds. The prototype of the proposed WSN was developed and evaluated. The sensor node was able to identify two types of intrusive activities: weak shake and strong knock. The alarming signals were first sent to a router node and then transmitted to a mobile phone through the global system of mobile communication network. The mobile phone received the alarming text messages with correct event type within 2 s after the excitation occurred.