bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gonadal macrophage aggregates in fish: A preliminary quantitative study in red mullet
Authors: Micale Valeria , Perdichizzi Anna , Muglia Ugo , Rinelli Paola , Cosenza Alessandro , Mita Damiano Gustavo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA histological study was conducted in red mullet, Mullus barbatus, collected from two sites characterized by different anthropogenic impacts. The aim of the study was to assess sex‐, size‐, season‐ and site‐related variation in gonadal macrophage aggregate (MA) size, number, and relative area. Gonadal MAs were most abundant in males than in females. The number of MA was significantly higher in males from the most impacted site in October, with larger individuals showing more MA than smaller ones. MAs were always found in ripe testes, whereas they occurred only in regressing ovaries. These preliminary findings suggest that the presence of ovarian MA in red mullet is most likely related to ovary regression after spawning, whereas the presence of testicular MA is not necessarily associated to gonad regression, and may vary with season, size, and water quality.
Improvement of display performance of electrowetting displays by optimized waveforms and error diffusion
Authors: Lin Shanling , Zeng Suyun , Qian Mingyong , Lin Zhixian , Guo Tailiang , Tang Biao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe electrowetting display (EWD) has a low gray level, and there are some phenomena that affect the display quality, such as oil backflow and charge trapping. In this paper, an error diffusion algorithm based on pixel neighborhood gray information and direct current (DC)‐balanced driving waveform are proposed for display quality of EWD. The proposed algorithm and driving waveform are implemented in the proposed driving system based on Digital Visual Interface (DVI) video codec system and field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) control system. The experiment results show that the driving waveform suppresses the oil backflow, charge trapping and keeps DC balance, and the proposed error diffusion preserves the edges and richness of image. The whole driving system successfully plays video in real time with computer and improves the display quality of EWD.
Supporting fibula free flap harvest with augmented reality: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Pietruski Piotr , Majak Marcin , Świątek‐Najwer Ewelina , Żuk Magdalena , Popek Michał , Jaworowski Janusz , Mazurek Maciej 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo analyze a novel navigation system utilizing augmented reality (AR) as a supporting method for fibula free flap (FFF) harvest and fabrication.MethodsA total of 126 simulated osteotomies supported with a cutting guide or one of two AR‐based intraoperative navigation modules—simple AR (sAR) or navigated AR (nAR)—were carried out on 18 identical models of the fibula (42 osteotomies per method). After fusing postoperative computed tomography scans of the operated fibulas with the virtual surgical plan based on preoperative images, the objective outcomes—angular deviations from the planned osteotomy trajectory (o) and deviations of control points marked on the trajectory (mm)—were determined.ResultsAll analyzed methods provided similar accuracy of assisted osteotomies. The only significant difference referred to angular deviation in the sagittal plane, which was smaller after the cutting guide‐assisted procedures than after the application of sAR and nAR (4.1 ± 2.29 vs. 5.08 ± 3.64 degrees, P = 0.031 and 4.1 ± 2.29 vs. 4.97 ± 2.91, P = 0.002, respectively). Mean deviation of control points after the cutting guide‐assisted procedures was 2.76 ± 1.06 mm, as compared with 2.67 ± 1.09 mm for sAR and 2.95 ± 1.11 mm for nAR.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that both novel AR‐based methods provided similar accuracy of assisted harvesting and contouring of the FFF as the cutting guides. This fact, as well as the acceptability of the concept by clinicians, justify their further development and evaluation in preclinical settings.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 130:1173–1179, 2020
Synthesis and evaluation of hexamethylenetetramine quaternary ammonium salt as corrosion inhibitor
Authors: Liu Dexin , Qiu Xiaolong , Shao Minglu , Gao Jianchong , Xu Jiaju , Liu Qixin , Zhou Hua , Wang Zizhao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel corrosion inhibitor, hexamethylenetetramine quaternary ammonium salt, is synthesized using hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and bromohexane as main reactants. The inhibitive action of HQAS on QT800‐2 steel in hydrochloric acid medium is evaluated by weight‐loss method, electrochemical method, and quantum chemical calculation. The obtained results show that the efficiency of 0.5 wt% HQAS inhibitor in 30 wt.% HCl solution at 363 K is 92.95% and HQAS can form an excellent synergistic effect with some additives. Polarization curves reveal that HQAS behaves as a mixed‐type inhibitor with dominant anodic inhibition. Furthermore, the theoretical calculation verifies the relationship between the HQAS molecular structure and corrosion inhibition properties.
The A1 astrocyte paradigm: New avenues for pharmacological intervention in neurodegeneration
Authors: Hinkle Jared T. , Dawson Valina L. , Dawson Ted M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe recently demonstrated that NLY01, a novel glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, exerts neuroprotective effects in two mouse models of PD in a glia‐dependent manner. NLY01 prevented microglia from releasing inflammatory mediators known to convert astrocytes into a neurotoxic A1 reactive subtype. Importantly, we provided evidence that this neuroprotection was not mediated by a direct action of NLY01 on neurons or astrocytes (e.g., by activating neurotrophic pathways or modulating astrocyte reactivity per se). In the present article, we provide a generalist review of microglia and astrocytes in neurodegeneration and discuss the emerging paradigm of A1 astrocyte neurotoxicity in more detail. We comment on specific inferences that are naturally suggested by our work in this area and the differential level of support it offers to each. Finally, we discuss implications for the overall goal of creating disease‐modifying therapies for PD, survey emerging methodologies for accelerating translational research on glia in neurodegeneration, and describe expected challenges for developing glia‐directed therapies that do not impede essential physiological functions carried out by glia in the CNS. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
IL‐7R gene polymorphisms among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A case–control study
Authors: Bai Mei , He Xue , He Yongjun , Yuan Dongya , Jin Tianbo , Wang Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory disease which refers to bony erosions and joint destruction largely caused by genetic factors. Our study aimed to explore whether interleukin‐7 receptor (IL‐7R) gene polymorphisms influenced RA risk in the Han Chinese population.MethodsFive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL‐7R gene were successfully genotyped using Agena MassARRAY platform. The associations between IL‐7R polymorphisms and RA were evaluated by the Chi‐squared test, T test, genetic model analysis, and haplotype analysis. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using logistic regression analysis.ResultsRs969129 and rs6451231 in the IL‐7R gene were associated with an increased risk of RA in the allele model (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05–1.49, p = 0.013; OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.03–1.48, p = 0.023), respectively. In the genetic models, rs969129 and rs6451231 were associated with an increased risk of RA. After stratification analysis by age, rs969129 and rs6451231 were associated with an increased risk of RA in patients (age <54). After stratification analysis by gender, rs6451231 was associated with an increased risk of RA in males, while rs969129 was found to be associated with an elevated risk of RA in females. And there was a strong linkage disequilibrium among the four SNPs (rs969129, rs118137916, rs10053847, and rs6451231).ConclusionThese results suggested rs969129 and rs6451231 in the IL‐7R gene were associated with an increased risk of RA in the Han Chinese population.
Molecular Modelling of Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Depression
Authors: Silva Daniela Rodrigues , Barigye Stephen J. , Santos‐Garcia Letícia , Fontes Ferreira da Cunha Elaine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA lot of research initiatives in the last decades have been focused on the search of new strategies to treat depression. However, despite the availability of various antidepressants, current treatment is still far from ideal. Unwanted side effects, modest response rates and the slow onset of action are the main shortcomings. As a strategy to improve symptomatic relief and response rates, the dual modulation of the serotonin transporter and the histamine H3 receptor by a single chemical entity has been proposed in the literature. Accordingly, this work aims to elucidate key structural features responsible for the dual inhibitory activity of the hexahydro‐pyrrolo‐isoquinoline derivatives. For this purpose, two approaches were employed, four‐dimensional quantitative structure‐activity relationship (4D‐QSAR) and molecular docking. The 4D‐QSAR models for both receptors allowed the identification of the pharmacophore groups critical for the modelled biological activity, whereas the binding mode of this class of compounds to the human serotonin transporter was assessed by molecular docking. The findings can be applicable to design new antidepressants.
Computationally efficient deep neural network for computed tomography image reconstruction
Authors: Wu Dufan , Kim Kyungsang , Li Quanzheng 
Published: May 2019

PurposeDeep neural network‐based image reconstruction has demonstrated promising performance in medical imaging for undersampled and low‐dose scenarios. However, it requires large amount of memory and extensive time for the training. It is especially challenging to train the reconstruction networks for three‐dimensional computed tomography (CT) because of the high resolution of CT images. The purpose of this work is to reduce the memory and time consumption of the training of the reconstruction networks for CT to make it practical for current hardware, while maintaining the quality of the reconstructed images.MethodsWe unrolled the proximal gradient descent algorithm for iterative image reconstruction to finite iterations and replaced the terms related to the penalty function with trainable convolutional neural networks (CNN). The network was trained greedily iteration by iteration in the image domain on patches, which requires reasonable amount of memory and time on mainstream graphics processing unit (GPU). To overcome the local‐minimum problem caused by greedy learning, we used deep UNet as the CNN and incorporated separable quadratic surrogate with ordered subsets for data fidelity, so that the solution could escape from easy local minimums and achieve better image quality.ResultsThe proposed method achieved comparable image quality with state‐of‐the‐art neural network for CT image reconstruction on two‐dimensional (2D) sparse‐view and limited‐angle problems on the low‐dose CT challenge dataset. The difference in root‐mean‐square‐error (RMSE) and structural similarity index (SSIM) was within [−0.23,0.47] HU and [0,0.001], respectively, with 95% confidence level. For three‐dimensional (3D) image reconstruction with ordinary‐size CT volume, the proposed method only needed 2 GB graphics processing unit (GPU) memory and 0.45 s per training iteration as minimum requirement, whereas existing methods may require 417 GB and 31 min. The proposed method achieved improved performance compared to total variation– and dictionary learning–based iterative reconstruction for both 2D and 3D problems.ConclusionsWe proposed a training‐time computationally efficient neural network for CT image reconstruction. The proposed method achieved comparable image quality with state‐of‐the‐art neural network for CT reconstruction, with significantly reduced memory and time requirement during training. The proposed method is applicable to 3D image reconstruction problems such as cone‐beam CT and tomosynthesis on mainstream GPUs.
In vivo 1H MRS detection of cystathionine in human brain tumors
Authors: Branzoli Francesca , Deelchand Dinesh K. , Sanson Marc , Lehéricy Stéphane , Marjańska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo report the technical aspects of noninvasive detection of cystathionine in human brain glioma with edited MRS, and to investigate possible further acquisition improvements for robust quantification of this metabolite.MethodsIn vivo 1H MR spectra were acquired at 3 T in 15 participants with an isocitrate dehydrogenase‐mutated glioma using a MEGA‐PRESS (MEscher GArwood point resolved spectroscopy) sequence previously employed for 2‐hydroxyglutarate detection (TR = 2 s, TE = 68 ms). The editing pulse was applied at 1.9 ppm for the edit‐on condition and at 7.5 ppm for the edit‐off condition. To evaluate the editing efficiency, spectra were acquired in 1 participant by placing the editing pulse for the edit‐on condition at 1.9, 2.03, and 2.16 ppm. Cystathionine concentration was quantified using LCModel and a simulated basis set. To confirm chemical shifts and J‐coupling values of cystathionine, the 1H NMR cystathionine spectrum was measured using a high‐resolution 500 MHz spectrometer.ResultsIn 12 gliomas, cystathionine was observed in the in vivo edited MR spectra at 2.72 and 3.85 ppm and quantified. The signal intensity of the cystathionine resonance at 2.72 ppm increased 1.7 and 2.13 times when the editing pulse was moved to 2.03 and 2.16 ppm, respectively. Cystathionine was not detectable in normal brain tissue.ConclusionCystathionine can be detected in vivo by edited MRS using the same protocol as for 2‐hydroxyglutarate detection. This finding may enable a more accurate, noninvasive investigation of cellular metabolism in glioma.
Ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance fingerprinting (UTE‐MRF) for simultaneous quantification of long and ultrashort T2 tissues
Authors: Li Qing , Cao Xiaozhi , Ye Huihui , Liao Congyu , He Hongjian , Zhong Jianhui 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo demonstrate an ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance fingerprinting (UTE‐MRF) method that allows quantifying relaxation times for muscle and bone in the musculoskeletal system and generating bone enhanced images that mimic CT scans.MethodsA fast imaging steady‐state free precession MRF sequence with half pulse excitation and half projection readout was designed to sample fast T2 decay signals. Varying echo time (TE) of a sinusoidal pattern was applied to enhance sensitivity for tissues with short and ultrashort T2 values. The performance of UTE‐MRF was evaluated via simulations, phantom, and in vivo experiments.ResultsA minimal TE of 0.05 ms was achieved. Simulations indicated the sinusoidal TE sampling increased T2 quantification accuracy in the cortical bone and tendon but had little impact on long T2 muscle quantifications. For the rubber phantom, the averaged relaxometries from UTE‐MRF (T1 = 162 ms and T2 = 1.07 ms) compared well with the gold standard (T1 = 190 ms and = 1.03 ms). For the long T2 agarose phantom, the linear regression slope between UTE‐MRF and gold standard was 1.07 (R2 = 0.991) for T1 and 1.04 (R2 = 0.994) for T2. In vivo experiments showed the detection of the cortical bone (averaged T2 = 1.0 ms) and Achilles tendon (averaged T2 = 15 ms). Scalp structures from the bone enhanced image show high similarity with CT.ConclusionThe UTE‐MRF with sinusoidal TEs can simultaneously quantify T1, T2, proton density, and B0 in long, short, even ultrashort T2 musculoskeletal structures. Bone enhanced images can be achieved in the brain with UTE‐MRF.
Assessment of intravoxel incoherent motion MRI with an artificial capillary network: analysis of biexponential and phase‐distribution models
Authors: Schneider Moritz Jörg , Gaass Thomas , Ricke Jens , Dinkel Julien , Dietrich Olaf 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo systematically analyze intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI in a perfusable capillary phantom closely matching the geometry of capillary beds in vivo and to compare the validity of the biexponential pseudo‐diffusion and the recently introduced phase‐distribution IVIM model.MethodsIVIM‐MRI was performed at 12 different flow rates () in a capillary phantom using 4 different DW‐MRI sequences (2 with monopolar and 2 with flow‐compensated diffusion‐gradient schemes, with up to values between and ). Resulting parameters from the assessed IVIM models were compared to results from optical microscopy.ResultsThe acquired data were best described by a static and a flowing compartment modeled by the phase‐distribution approach. The estimated signal fraction of the flowing compartment stayed approximately constant over the applied flow rates, with an average of in excellent agreement with optical microscopy (). The estimated average particle flow speeds showed a highly significant linear correlation to the applied flow. The estimated capillary segment length of approximately agreed well with optical microscopy measurements. Using the biexponential model, the signal fraction was substantially underestimated and displayed a strong dependence on the applied flow rate.ConclusionThe constructed phantom facilitated the detailed investigation of IVIM‐MRI methods. The results demonstrate that the phase‐distribution method is capable of accurately characterizing fluid flow inside a capillary network. Parameters estimated using the biexponential model, specifically the perfusion fraction , showed a substantial bias because the model assumptions were not met by the underlying flow pattern.
Prognosis of cervical myelopathy based on diffusion tensor imaging with artificial intelligence methods
Authors: Jin Richu , Luk Keith Dk , Cheung Jason Pui Yin , Hu Yong 
Published: May 2019

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been proposed for the prognosis of cervical myelopathy (CM), but the manual analysis of DTI features is complicated and time consuming. This study evaluated the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in the analysis of DTI for the prognosis of CM. Seventy‐five patients who underwent surgical treatment for CM were recruited for DTI imaging and were divided into two groups based on their one‐year follow‐up recovery. The DTI features of fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity were extracted from DTI maps of all cervical levels. Conventional AI models using logistic regression (LR), k‐nearest neighbors (KNN), and a radial basis function kernel support vector machine (RBF‐SVM) were built using these DTI features. In addition, a deep learning model was applied to the DTI maps. Their performances were compared using 50 repeated 10‐fold cross‐validations. The accuracy of the classifications reached 74.2% ± 1.6% for LR, 85.6% ± 1.4% for KNN, 89.7% ± 1.6% for RBF‐SVM, and 59.2% ± 3.8% for the deep leaning model. The RBF‐SVM algorithm achieved the best accuracy, with sensitivity and specificity of 85.0% ± 3.4% and 92.4% ± 1.9% respectively. This finding indicates that AI methods are feasible and effective for DTI analysis for the prognosis of CM.
Deconstructing Weight Management Interventions for Young Adults: Looking Inside the Black Box of the EARLY Consortium Trials
Authors: Tate Deborah F. , Lytle Leslie , Polzien Kristen , Diamond Molly , Leonard Kelsey R. , Jakicic John M. , Johnson Karen C. , Olson Christine M. , Patrick Kevin , Svetkey Laura P. , Wing Rena R. , Lin Pao‐Hwa , Coday Mathilda , Laska Melissa N. , Merchant Gina , Czaja Sara J. , Schulz Richard , Belle Steven H. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThe goal of the present study was to deconstruct the 17 treatment arms used in the Early Adult Reduction of weight through LifestYle (EARLY) weight management trials.MethodsIntervention materials were coded to reflect behavioral domains and behavior change techniques (BCTs) within those domains planned for each treatment arm. The analytical hierarchy process was employed to determine an emphasis profile of domains in each intervention.ResultsThe intervention arms used BCTs from all of the 16 domains, with an average of 29.3 BCTs per intervention arm. All 12 of the interventions included BCTs from the six domains of Goals and Planning, Feedback and Monitoring, Social Support, Shaping Knowledge, Natural Consequences, and Comparison of Outcomes; 11 of the 12 interventions shared 15 BCTs in common across those six domains.ConclusionsWeight management interventions are complex. The shared set of BCTs used in the EARLY trials may represent a core intervention that could be studied to determine the required emphases of BCTs and whether additional BCTs add to or detract from efficacy. Deconstructing interventions will aid in reproducibility and understanding of active ingredients.
Adaptive functioning in pediatric brain tumor survivors: An examination of ethnicity and socioeconomic status
Authors: Raghubar Kimberly P. , Orobio Jessica , Ris M. Douglas , Heitzer Andrew M. , Roth Alexandra , Brown Austin L. , Okcu M. Fatih , Chintagumpala Murali , Grosshans David R. , Paulino Arnold C. , Mahajan Anita , Kahalley Lisa S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurvivors of pediatric brain tumor are at risk for adaptive difficulties. The present study examined adaptive functioning in a multiethnic sample of survivors accounting for socioeconomic status, and whether demographic, diagnostic, and/or treatment‐related variables predict adaptive outcomes.MethodParticipants included a multiethnic sample of survivors (58 Caucasian, 34 Hispanic, and 22 other non‐Caucasian; M age = 14.05 years, SD = 4.33) who were approximately seven years post‐treatment. Parents rated adaptive functioning and provided demographic information. Diagnostic and treatment‐related information was abstracted from the electronic medical record.ResultsParent ratings of adaptive functioning were similar across Caucasian, Hispanic, and other non‐Caucasian survivors covarying for family income and primary caregiver education, both of which served as proxies for socioeconomic status. All ethnic groups were rated lower than the normative mean in overall adaptive functioning as well as the specific domains of conceptual, social, and practical skills. Demographic, diagnostic, and treatment‐related variables were differentially associated with adaptive functioning in survivors of pediatric brain tumor, though socioeconomic status emerged as a strong significant predictor of adaptive functioning domains.ConclusionsAdaptive outcomes do not differ as a function of ethnicity after accounting for primary caregiver education and family income. Racial and ethnic minorities may be at increased risk for poorer outcomes given their overrepresentation at lower income levels. Assessing demographic and treatment‐related variables early on may be helpful in identifying children likely to develop adaptive difficulties.