bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible perceptual sensitivity to acoustic and distributional cues
Authors: Cohen Clara , Kang Shinae 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Pronunciation variation in many ways is systematic, yielding patterns that a canny listener can exploit in order to aid perception.
This work asks whether listeners actually do draw upon these patterns during speech perception. We focus in particular on a
phenomenon known as paradigmatic enhancement, in which suffixes are phonetically enhanced in verbs which are frequent in their
inflectional paradigms. In a set of four experiments, we found that listeners do not seem to attend to paradigmatic enhancement
patterns. They do, however, attend to the distributional properties of a verb’s inflectional paradigm when the experimental task
encourages attention to sublexical detail, as is the case with phoneme monitoring (Experiment 1a–b). When tasks require more
holistic lexical processing, as with lexical decision (Experiment 2), the effect of paradigmatic probability disappears. If
stimuli are presented in full sentences, such that the surrounding context provides richer contextual and semantic information
(Experiment 3), even otherwise robust influences like lexical frequency disappear. We propose that these findings are consistent
with a perceptual system that is flexible, and devotes processing resources to exploiting only those patterns that provide a
sufficient cognitive return on investment.
The journey of Arabic human rights testimonies, from witnesses to audiences via Amnesty International
Authors: Hawker Nancy 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Within the human rights knowledge production infrastructure, information undergoes processes of entextualisation, archiving, publication, and reception. This article examines the place of testimonies – first-person accounts of suffering and/or historic events – in Amnesty International. A network of agents form around testimonies to produce them through translation from the witnesses’ languages – spoken varieties of Arabic – to the language of globalised governance – written English – and to formal written Arabic. The co-construction of meaning, in encounters between human rights researchers and witnesses, is a modern ritual that is entextualised in the genre ‘testimony’; its translations between spoken and written modes, languages and styles, are exercises in persuasive rhetoric aimed at redressing ‘testimonial injustice’. The researchers are not professional translators, yet their unselfconscious translations are constitutive of the knowledge that audiences receive. The data is based on interviews and questionnaires with Amnesty International staff, textual analysis of publications, and on focus groups and surveys.
Translation spaces
Authors: Hamaidia Lena , Methven Sarah , Woodin Jane 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article addresses the relationship between translation, intercultural communication and international development practice as encountered in the field. Through tracing parallel developments in the academic fields of translation studies and intercultural communication studies, it highlights the move from static concepts of language, nation, and culture to the fluid exchange spaces of multilingual and intercultural encounters. In-the-field examples of international development challenges are examined and discussed in the light of these theoretical shifts. We propose (a) that both fields of study can learn from each other, (b) that translation training should account for the messy intercultural spaces of contact zones, and (c) that guidance on intercultural practice be further developed to benefit those working in the field.
Interdisciplinary multilingual practices in NGOs
Authors: Moreno-Rivero Javier 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Emanating from the recent sociological turn of translation studies scholarship (Wolf 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010), translation and interpreting practices in non-governmental organizations has become a field of research that imperatively requires cross-disciplinary approaches. This paper investigates multilingual initiatives carried out by the Human Rights Investigation Lab (HRIL) and Translators Without Borders (TWB) and their contribution to ensuring language access in crisis scenarios. Based on interviews with delegates from both organizations, and taking into consideration legal and sociological perspectives, it sets out a broad reflection on how translation studies research is evolving in the area of NGOs. It intends to address the caveats that can arise from both conceptual and empirical approaches in the design of future projects, as it explores the notion of discipline-specific knowledge and relevant concepts in translation training and external collaborations.
English, the Lingua Nullius of global hegemony
Authors: Phillipson Robert 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Purportedly democratic states have many unjust and undemocratic features. This is also true of the management of EU affairs, including its multilingualism. These weaknesses co-articulate with an increased use of English in globalisation, neoliberalism, and greater European integration. There has been a transition from European colonisation worldwide, ostensibly justified by the Western myth of terra nullius, to worldwide penetration of American imperialism as a cultura nullius, in McDonaldisation processes in many social functions that accompany military and economic empire. English is now increasingly marketed as a necessity, as though it serves all equally well, a lingua nullius. Some European Commission initiatives accord linguicist priority to English, or argue for it as a seemingly neutral lingua franca, in effect a lingua nullius. This obscures the forces behind the power of English. Its hegemony has serious implications for speakers of other languages and their cultures. This chapter documents some of the workings of the project to establish “global English”.
The operation of the supranational EU system, and of EU-funded activities in Member States, builds on the evolution of novel forms of linguistic governance, “integration through law” (treaties), and judgments of the European Court of Justice. These not only interpret law but are teleological: they extend supranational law and the scope of the Common Market. Another example of the extension of English linguistic hegemony is the way in which the EU administration of post-conflict Bosnia has failed to achieve its goal of creating a viable state, but has served to enshrine English as a new language of power. Noble human rights aims are aspired to, but are subject to the influence of the forces behind corporate empire, a project that unites the USA and the EU. The failure to create more just societies and to substantiate deliberative democratic principles confirms the analysis of scholars who assess that “international relations” are pathologically inadequate, and that we have reached the “endtimes” of human rights. English in global and EU governance strengthens particular interests that are obscured by the myth of it as a lingua nullius. Existential language policy issues should not be consigned to the mercy of the market.
Fruit quality.
Authors: Bertin N. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the main quality traits of tomato fruits, such as fruit size or fresh weight, colour, taste, flavour, texture and nutritive value, and their underlying processes. The effects of environmental and genetic factors involved in quality variations is discussed. Some physiological disorders that may negatively impact the marketable yield are presented and an integrative approach for optimizing fruit quality is highlighted.
Wheat gluten hydrolysate potently stimulates peptide-YY secretion and suppresses food intake in rats
Authors: Chen Wenya , Hira Tohru , Nakajima Shingo , Hara Hiroshi 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe study was aimed to compare the satiating effect of various protein hydrolysates in rats and examine the underlying mechanism associated with the satiety hormones. Food intake and portal satiety hormone levels were measured in rats. Enteroendocrine cell-lines were employed to study the direct effect of protein hydrolysates on gut hormone secretions. The results showed that oral preload of wheat gluten hydrolysate (WGH) suppressed food intake greater and longer than other hydrolysates. The portal peptide-YY levels in WGH-treated rats at 2 h and 3 h were higher than those in control- and lactalbumin hydrolysate (LAH)-treated rats. In a distal enteroendocrine cell model, WGH more potently stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion than LAH, and the effect was largely enhanced by pepsin/pancreatin digestion of WGH. These results suggest WGH is potent in activating enteroendocrine cells to release satiety hormones leading to the prolonged suppression of food intake.
In All Shapes and Colors: Varieties of Contract Farming
Authors: Bellemare Marc F , Lim Sunghun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractContract farming, wherein a processor contracts out the production of an agricultural commodity to a grower, is the first step toward more vertically coordinated—and thus more modern—agricultural value chains. As such, in principle contract farming is a necessary condition for the structural transformation of developing economies to occur. Yet contract farming is far from monolithic, and the institution takes on a variety of forms. In this article, we describe how the institution of contract farming varies in cross‐sectional data covering 1,200 households across six regions of Madagascar, half of which are growers in contract farming agreements covering a dozen different crops. In this setting, participation in contract farming has been associated with increases in income, improvements in food security, and reductions in income variability. Given those presumed effects in this setting of participation in contract farming, we then look at the correlates in our data of participation in contract farming. as well as one’s willingness to pay to participate in contract farming as a grower in an attempt to better target policies aimed at encouraging participation in contract farming.
Endocrine-Metabolic Response in Patients Undergoing Multiple Body Contouring Surgeries After Massive Weight Loss
Authors: Roxo Ana Claudia , Del Pino Roxo Carlos , Marques Ruy Garcia , Rodrigues Nadia Cristina Pinheiro , Carneiro Diego Vigna , Souto Francisco Mateus Dantas Carneiro , Nahas Fabio Xerfan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe endocrine-metabolic response to trauma is directly related to its magnitude, but little is known about the adverse effects of combined surgical procedures on morbidity.ObjectivesThe authors sought to evaluate risk factors by measuring the endocrine-metabolic response in patients who underwent multiple body-contouring surgeries after massive weight loss.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, interventional study included 46 massive weight loss patients who experienced a weight loss &gt;30% of their body mass index (BMI) and were referred for body contouring surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to the control group (n = 10) or intervention group (n = 36), which in turn was divided into 3 subgroups (n = 12, each) according to BMI, surgical time, and scar length values. Blood samples were collected from all patients at different time points to assess biological stress markers.ResultsLevels of IL-6 in patients in the higher ranges of BMI and operating time and with more extensive scar length were significantly higher in the immediate postoperative period compared with baseline. Concentrations of noradrenaline were significantly higher 24 hours after surgery compared with baseline only in patients in the higher range of operating time. A higher level of IL-6 at 72 hours after surgery compared with baseline was associated with more extensive scar length. Levels of other biological stress markers did not significantly differ.ConclusionsThe combination of surgical procedures did not significantly affect the concentrations of most biological stress markers. The variable of operating time most influenced increase in plasma concentrations of stress markers.Level of Evidence: 1
The genome of the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata provides insight into stress tolerance and invasive adaptation
Authors: Liu Conghui , Zhang Yan , Ren Yuwei , Wang Hengchao , Li Shuqu , Jiang Fan , Yin Lijuan , Qiao Xi , Zhang Guojie , Qian Wanqiang , Liu Bo , Fan Wei 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) is a freshwater snail listed among the top 100 worst invasive species worldwide and a noted agricultural and quarantine pest that causes great economic losses. It is characterized by fast growth, strong stress tolerance, a high reproduction rate, and adaptation to a broad range of environments.

Results
Here, we used long-read sequencing to produce a 440-Mb high-quality, chromosome-level assembly of the P. canaliculata genome. In total, 50 Mb (11.4%) repeat sequences and 21,533 gene models were identified in the genome. The major findings of this study include the recent explosion of DNA/hAT-Charlie transposable elements, the expansion of the P450 gene family, and the constitution of the cellular homeostasis system, which contributes to ecological plasticity in stress adaptation. In addition, the high transcriptional levels of perivitelline genes in the ovary and albumen gland promote the function of nutrient supply and defense ability in eggs. Furthermore, the gut metagenome also contains diverse genes for food digestion and xenobiotic degradation.

Conclusions
These findings collectively provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the ecological plasticity and high invasiveness.
Engaging hospital patients in the medication reconciliation process using tablet computers
Authors: Prey Jennifer E , Polubriaginof Fernanda , Grossman Lisa V , Masterson Creber Ruth , Tsapepas Demetra , Perotte Rimma , Qian Min , Restaino Susan , Bakken Suzanne , Hripcsak George , Efird Leigh , Underwood Joseph , Vawdrey David K 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objective
Unintentional medication discrepancies contribute to preventable adverse drug events in patients. Patient engagement in medication safety beyond verbal participation in medication reconciliation is limited. We conducted a pilot study to determine whether patients’ use of an electronic home medication review tool could improve medication safety during hospitalization.

Materials and Methods
Patients were randomized to use a toolbefore orafter hospital admission medication reconciliation to review and modify their home medication list. We assessed the quantity, potential severity, and potential harm of patients’ and clinicians’ medication changes. We also surveyed clinicians to assess the tool’s usefulness.

Results
Of 76 patients approached, 65 (86%) participated. Forty-eight (74%) made changes to their home medication list [before: 29 (81%),after: 19 (66%),p = .170].Before group participants identified 57 changes that clinicians subsequently missed on admission medication reconciliation. Thirty-nine (74%) had a significant or greater potential severity, and 19 (36%) had a greater than 50-50 chance of harm.After group patients identified 68 additional changes to their reconciled medication lists. Fifty-one (75%) had a significant or greater potential severity, and 33 (49%) had a greater than 50-50 chance of harm. Clinicians reported believing that the tool would save time, and patients would supply useful information.

Discussion
The results demonstrate a high willingness of patients to engage in medication reconciliation, and show that patients were able to identify important medication discrepancies and often changes that clinicians missed.

Conclusion
Engaging patients in admission medication reconciliation using an electronic home medication review tool may improve medication safety during hospitalization.
‘What Does the Term Refugee Mean to You?’: Perspectives from Syrian Refugee Women in Lebanon
Authors: Gissi Angela 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this article, I address the issue of ‘refugee’ denomination from the perspective of Syrian refugee women in Lebanon and argue that traditional representations of refugees shape negative interpretations of their own conditions, affect their wellbeing and constrain their abilities to move forward and build a dignified existence in exile. I identified four major areas in my respondents’ perceptions of the term refugee: loss, balancing past life and present reality, humanitarianism and host communities. Apart from voicing the views of one of the most marginalized groups in society, this article highlights the connections between refugee representations, policy making and empowerment.
Multicenter Study of Pipeline Flex for Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Brasiliense Leonardo B C , Aguilar-Salinas Pedro , Lopes Demetrius K , Nogueira Danilo , DeSousa Keith , Nelson Peter K , Moran Christopher J , Mazur Marcus D , Taussky Philipp , Park Min S , Dabus Guilherme , Linfante Italo , Chaudry Imran , Turner Ray D , Spiotta Alex M , Turk Aquilla S , Siddiqui Adnan H , Levy Elad I , Hopkins L Nelson , Arthur Adam S , Nickele Christopher , Gonsales Douglas , Sauvageau Eric , Hanel Ricardo A 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The Pipeline Flex (PED Flex; Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) was designed to facilitate deployment and navigation compared to its previous iteration to reduce the rate of technical events and complications.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the neurological morbidity and mortality rates of the PED Flex at 30 d.

Methods
Information from 9 neurovascular centers was retrospectively obtained between July 2014 and March 2016. Data included patient/aneurysm characteristics, periprocedural events, clinical, and angiographic outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of unfavorable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] > 2).

Results
A total of 205 patients harboring 223 aneurysms were analyzed. The 30-d neurological morbidity and mortality rates were 1.9% (4/205) and 0.5% (1/205), respectively. The rate of intraprocedural events without neurological morbidity was 6.8% (14/205), consisting of intraprocedural ischemic events in 9 patients (4.5%) and hemorrhage in 5 (2.4%). Other technical events included difficulty capturing the delivery wire in 1 case (0.5%) and device migration after deployment in another case (0.5%). Favorable clinical outcome (mRS 0-2) was achieved in 186 patients (94.4%) at discharge and in 140 patients (94.5%) at 30 d. We did not find predictors of clinical outcomes on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
The 30-d rates of neurological morbidity and mortality in this multicenter cohort using the PED Flex for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms were low, 1.9% (4/205) and 0.5% (1/205), respectively. In addition, technical events related to device deployment were also low, most likely due to the latest modifications in the delivery system.
The Difference in Surgical Site Infection Rates Between Open and Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Pathology: A Retrospective Single Center Experience of 1442 Cases
Authors: Mueller Kyle , Zhao David , Johnson Osiris , Sandhu Faheem A , Voyadzis Jean-Marc 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Surgical site infection (SSI) in spinal surgery contributes to significant morbidity and healthcare resource utilization. Few studies have directly compared the rate of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) SSI with open surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether MIS techniques had a lower SSI rate in degenerative lumbar procedures as compared with traditional open techniques.

METHODS
A single-center, retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was queried from January 2013 to 2016 for adult patients who underwent lumbar decompression and/or instrumented fusion for which the surgical indication involved degenerative disease. The SSI rate was determined for all procedures as well as in the open and minimally invasive groups. Risk factors associated with SSI were also reviewed for each patient.

RESULTS
A total of 1442 lumbar spinal procedures were performed during this time period. Of these, there were 961 MIS and 481 open (67% vs 33%, respectively). The overall SSI rate was 1.5% (21/1442). The surgical site infection rate for MIS was less than open techniques (0.5% vs 3.3%; P = .0003). For decompression only, the infection rate for MIS and open was 0.4% vs 3.9% (P = .04), and for decompression with fusion it was 0.7% vs 2.6%, respectively (P = .68).

CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrates a significant 7-fold reduction in SSIs when comparing MIS with open surgery. This significance was also demonstrated with a 10-fold reduction for procedures involving decompression alone. Procedures that require fusion as well as decompression showed a trend towards a decreased infection rate that did not reach clinical significance.
Prognostic Factors Associated With Bone Lymphoma Primarily Presenting in the Spine
Authors: Wang Yufu , Li Jing , Wei Rongzhi , Liu Chao , Nataraj Andrew , Yan Jinglong 
Published: August 2018

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis.

Objective.
To determine the prognostic indicators in patients with bone lymphoma of the spine.

Summary of Background Data.
To date, prognosis for patients with spinal bone lymphoma is based on results from small series. Large population-based observational studies are lacking.

Methods.
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry was used to identify all patients with bone lymphoma of the spine from 1995 through 2014. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) estimates were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared across groups using log-rank test. Association of survival with variables was assessed using Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. Nomograms were established and validated by R software.

Results.
A total of 1338 patients were identified with bone lymphoma of the spine. The trend of incidence was relative steady from 1995 to 2014. The mean and median age of diagnosis was 62.9 and 66.0 years, respectively. Men constituted a slightly greater proportion (55.5%) of the cohort. The most common subtype of lymphoma was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (59.8%). The 5- and 10-year OS rates for those patients were 60.6% and 44.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, sex, marital status, and race were sociodemographic predictors of OS and DSS. Extracompartmental invasion of tumor and stage IV of lymphoma were significantly correlated with poor OS and DSS. Patients without surgery or radiotherapy was linked to a poor OS. Both OS and DSS of patients with spinal bone lymphoma improved in 2005 to 2014 when compared to 1995 to 2004. In addition, pretreatment nomograms to predict 5- and 10-year survival were established.

Conclusion.
The findings of this study provide population-based estimates of the prognosis for patients with spinal bone lymphoma. Both sociodemographic and clinical factors may have an impact on the outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 4