bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate Model for Temperature Dependence of Solar Cell Performance According to Phonon Energy Correction
Authors: Tiandho Y. , Sunanda W. , Afriani F. , Indriawati A. , Handayani T. P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In many experiments, it has been reported that the performance of solar cells decreases with increasing temperature. This effect arises due to an increase in the intrinsic carrier concentration of material that directly affects the reverse saturation currents (J
0). As a result, the open circuit voltage which is inversely proportional to J
0 will decrease quite rapidly with increasing temperature. The intrinsic carrier concentration is determined by the bandgap energy of a material and its temperature. The Varshni relationship is a relation for the variation of the bandgap energy with temperature in semiconductors that has been used extensively in the model of a solar cell performance. But the problem is the Varshni relation just calculates the contribution of the vibrational part at the temperature, which is much greater than the Debye temperature. These works proposed a model of temperature dependence of solar cell performance that involves phonon energy correction and electron-phonon coupling interaction. This correction is applied because the electron-phonon coupling interaction is an intrinsic interaction of semiconductors. The existence of interaction cannot be avoided either experimentally or theoretically. The proposed model is compared with experimental data, which have fairly high accuracy.
Heat Cost Allocation in Multi-Apartment Buildings: A Literature Review
Authors: Laicāns M. , Puķīte I. , Geipele I. , Zeltins N. , Greķis A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Literature review aims at examining various scientific articles on the accounting methods of individual heat consumption and heat cost allocation.
Nowadays, accounting methods of heat consumption and heat cost allocation in multi-apartment buildings are a topical issue. Heat and water supply is one of the key services provided to residential buildings and their residents. Residents appreciate solutions that allow them consume as much heat as they need and are able to pay, but on condition that the calculation methodology is understandable and easy to perceive.
Directive 2010/31/EU on the Energy Performance of Buildings adopted by the European Parliament and the Council (Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, 2010) stipulates that owners or te-nants of buildings shall be provided with the information on energy efficiency measures, their goals and objectives, cost effective ways to improve the energy performance of a particular building and, where appropriate, in the case of available financial instruments to improve the energy performance of a particular building.
The aim of the research is to perform literature analysis using topical articles on the accounting methods of individual heat consumption and heat cost allocation, which are published in the Web of Science and Scopus scientific databases, by analysing and comparing the published results.
Evaluation of Transition to Updated Regional Q-Geoid Model
Authors: Kaminskis J. , Vallis A. , Stamure I. , Reiniks M. , Geipele I. , Zeltins N. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
During the last years, the European and the Nordic quasi-geoid models and existing national q-geoid models covered the territory of Latvia. There are many ways for comparison and tests of results achieved. Scientists and professionals can compare models directly at some special geodetic co-location stations or use GNSS/levelling sites. The results of this research can be used by scientists and specialists in the fundamental geodetic observations for independent monitoring of existing q-geoid models and evaluation of accuracy.
The research aims at evaluating the transition to the best updated regional q-geoid model. The research objectives are the following: 1) to investigate and analyse the development of q-geoid model LV14; 2) to conduct precision research; 3) to assess the challenges of the European Vertical Reference System; 4) to draw conclusions that allow for further research in this area for development and improvement.
Within the framework of the research, the authors have used a variety of research methods. Historical and logical approaches, comparative analysis and synthesis methods, as well as inductive – deductive data analysis methods have been selected for the research.
A conclusion for such kind of studies is to implement the most appropriate q-geoid solution and to develop new astrogeodetic methods for unification, monitoring and for reliability of a geodetic reference network.
Prediction Models for Thermal Conductivity of Cement-based Composites
Authors: Baghban Mohammad H. , Kioumarsi Mahdi , Grammatikos Sotirios 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Cement-based materials are the most consumed materials in the construction industry. Low or high thermal conductive cement-based materials are of interest in applications such as embedded floor heating systems, building envelopes or structural elements. This paper describes prediction models for thermal conductivity of cementitious composites by considering different variables such as constituent materials, porosity and moisture content. The presented prediction models may be used for thermal conductivity based mix design of cementitious materials. Based on the desired accuracy, different solutions are proposed.
Traffic Safety of Main Roads in Poland
Authors: Jurecki Rafał , Poliak Miloš 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The article presents an analysis of traffic safety on major communication routes in Poland. The total number of accidents in Poland has been compared and analysed in relation to the objectives in the context of the GAMBIT programs and the National Road Safety Program for the years 2013-2020. Analyses of the number of accidents in the years 2004-2017 have been presented in the article. A significant decrease in accidents has been demonstrated and annual changes determined, the value of which ranged from 12.15 to 6.74%. The statistics on fatalities have been also analysed. A midyear change in the number of fatalities has been determined, which constitute -4.4% in the analysed period. The data on the number of vehicles registered in Poland, which considerably affects traffic congestion, has been presented. In spite of this, there has been no increase in the number of accidents. The work compares changes in the length of the most important types of routes in Poland, as well as accidents and fatalities that occurred on them. With the decreasing overall number of accidents in Poland, there has been a noticeable drop in accidents per 100 km of road length also on these roads. The fatality rate per 100 accidents in Poland has been determined and the average value of this rate in 2017 was 8.64, while on the analysed roads it ranged from 12.3 to 14.6.
Analysis of the Reasons for Violation of the Standards on Working Time by Professional Drivers
Authors: Zuska Andrzej 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper features a discussion on the legal conditions that regulate the aspects of working time, driving times, breaks and rest periods for professional drivers. The drivers’ knowledge of and compliance with the regulations were the subject of surveys conducted among thirty professional drivers. The study was conducted on a group of selected drivers (males) hired in a single transport company. The interviewees referred to their knowledge and its practical use in everyday work. The interviewees responded anonymously and voluntarily to the questions asked in the survey. These were persons of the age of 21 to 65 years old. 47% of all interviewees executed only national transports, whereas international transports were executed by 33% drivers. The interviewees included persons with basic, vocational, secondary and higher education. Most of them were persons with large occupational experience, working as a professional driver longer than 5 years, no persons with occupational experience between 11 to 19 years. The paper includes the specification of the survey methodology and analysis of the obtained results, with special attention paid to the reasons for the conscious and unconscious violation of regulations. The analysis results are presented in a graphical form.
Photobiological Safety of Incandescent Lamp Replacements
Authors: Pawlak Andrzej 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The article, based on the records of the EN 62471:2008, presents guidelines for photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems. There are allowed safe exposure times presented and emission limit values for each of four risk groups, defined by the standard. The paper presents criteria for lamps irradiance or radiance measurement. Discussed risks with association of ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation. For a detailed presentation of the potential risks associated with the blue light, there is made a comparison of spectra of selected light sources. On these basis, the blue light hazard assessment was presented for selected light sources.
Impact of Dock Tanks Pumping Plan on Structural Loads of a Dock and a Ship
Authors: Rajewski Przemysław 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Positioning of a ship on a working platform above the waterline in order to repair and modernize the underwater hull parts requires changes from continuous support to point support. And as a result of such, the load of the ship structure is subject to changes as well. In extreme cases, the loads may exceed the allowable loads and cause damage to the hull structure. The paper presents the technical aspects of the ships docking process which may have an impact on safety. It also includes a discussion on procedures that reduce the risk of malfunction and failure.
An Algorithm for Diagnosing Injection Systems of Marine Engines
Authors: Bejger Artur , Drzewieniecki Jan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The article presents the developed methods for diagnosing and analysing signals from injection systems of marine engines. As a source signal, the authors use elastic waves of acoustic emission. The essential fact in the case here considered is that the high frequency of signal from working elements of the injection system comes from a close source directly related to the change of the working parameters of the element (system). Characteristically for elastic waves of acoustic emission, low frequencies (e.g. those from other sources, such as machines in the engine room) are in this case attenuated. Therefore, the proper selection of the method for the analysis allows us accurately diagnose the injection system of a working engine.
Energy Saving Energetic Systems for Coastal Fishing Cutters
Authors: Behrendt Cezary , Barta Dalibor 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The maritime environment protection is increasingly reflected in legal regulations regarding, inter alia, the harmful exhaust gas components emitted by marine combustion engines. The provisions imposing the emission limits for SOx, NOx and CO2 are included in MARPOL 73/78 ANNEX VI adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). However, as of today, these provisions are not applicable to fishing cutters. One of the methods, both to decrease emissions’ volume and also to reduce the operating costs of ships, is to lower fuel consumption of marine energetic systems. The paper presents a proposition of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly energetic systems for coastal fishing cutters. It also demonstrates the importance of the said systems and includes the elaboration regarding the impact of fuel type, renewable energy sources and energy conversion methods on the hazards to the environment caused by the emission of harmful exhaust gas components. The presented solutions refer to fishing cutters of the length of 15-30 m and are categorized into two groups. The division criterion applied is an access to technologies currently available and future technologies enabling the use of alternative energy sources.
Research on the Concept of Using Calcium Carbide as a Source of Energy for Transport from the Seabed
Authors: Filipek Wiktor , Broda Krzysztof 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The growing interest in the exploitation of marine deposits has resulted in the development of research on deposits and technologies for their exploitation. For several years, the authors have been dealing with one of the most important problems in the deep sea mining of mineral deposits, namely transport from great depths. This publication presents theoretical considerations regarding the use of calcium carbide as a source of energy for transport from the seabed. The authors proposed three lines of the course of the decomposition reaction of calcium carbide and then analyzed the possibility of their use. From the obtained results it can be concluded that the maximum depth of use of a simple CaC2 distribution is about 1 km, while using the method proposed by the authors based on the “balance of forces” (using an additional medium) it is possible to apply this method to any depth occurring on Earth.
The Concepts of Inland Passenger Transport in the Oder River Basin
Authors: Kaup Magdalena , Łozowicka Dorota 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article presents the concepts of inland passenger transport: tourist and cruise in the basin of the Oder river. The first part describes the operating and technical parameters of the Oder and the present trends and directions in the development of inland waterway passenger services. Another part of the article contains an analysis of the results of the surveys carried out among respondents living in agglomerations lying on the Oder River. These studies have enabled the creation of two passenger transport concepts that enhance the competitiveness and attractiveness of inland waterway transport with respect to other modes of transport.
An Estimation of the Final Price of Container Ships Based on Main Ship Parameters with the Use of ndCurveMaster Curve Fitting Software
Authors: Cepowski Tomasz 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper presents regression formulas that allow us to estimate the final price of new container ships, based on TEU and deadweight capacity, service speed, length between perpendiculars and gross tonnage of container ships built from 2005 to 2015. The formulas were developed using the author’s own method based on curve fitting techniques and regression methods. The study shows that utilising the author’s method to predict the final price could offer greater accuracy solutions than any standard methods presented in literature. This method was implemented properly with ndCurveMaster curve fitting software which was developed by the author and was applied to develop regression equations presented in the article. The formulas presented in the article have practical application for estimation of container ship final price needed in transport studies or preliminary parametric container ship design. These equations refer to the most up to date vessels and offer the chance to advance ship design theory.
Fretting Wear as an Example of Destruction of Railway Vehicles Wheelsets
Authors: Dębiński Marcin , Brezáni Miloš 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The article refers to the importance of the aspect of durability and reliability of wheelsets. It contains a short analysis of railway accidents in which the causes were failures of wheelsets. The paper lists most common faults occurring in the course of the wheelsets operation. The major problem of the paper were laboratory analyses of fretting wear developing in interference joints. The research has been conducted using a wheelset comprising a shaft and a sleeve. Fatigue tests in conditions close to the wheelset operating environment have been conducted. The laboratory analyses included macroscopic observation that indicated fretting wear signs on both sides of the wheel seat in form of a 3.5 mm wide ring around the entire perimeter. The following procedures included microscopic observations in the wear signs area, that indicated numerous material accumulations exposed to plastic deformation and oxidation.
Alternative Propulsion Plants for Modern LNG Carriers
Authors: Grzesiak Szymon 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This paper shows the latest evolution trends of propulsion plants of modern LNG tankers. Features of conventional and advanced steam plants were confronted with propulsion plants such as Dual Fuel – Diesel electric and plants equipped with slow speed two stroke diesel engines. Propulsion plants were compared in terms of plant efficiency, reliability and environmental. The shipyard’s order book and the active fleet of LNG carriers with a capacity above 65000 m3 were analyzed.
Energy Saving Systems of Hydrostatic Drives for Ship Deck Machines
Authors: Skorek Grzegorz 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A control system with a proportional directional throttling control valve or a directional control servo valve, controlling a cylinder (linear hydraulic motor) is used in the ship steering gear drive, in the controllable pitch propeller control, in the variable capacity pump control system for hydraulic deck equipment motors or fixed pitch propellers in small ships (for example ferries). Energy savings in a constant capacity pump operation can be achieved by means of overflow valve controlled by the oil outlet pressure between the directional throttling control valve and the cylinder. Although structural volumetric losses cannot be eliminated in such a system, but it is possible to reduce considerably structural pressure losses, mechanical losses and volumetric losses in the pump, and mechanical losses in the cylinder too. The paper discusses these energy savings using an earlier developed by Paszota mathematical model of losses in elements, the energy efficiency of the system and the operating range of the cylinder. The paper also presents a comparison of the energy behavior of two widespread structures of hydrostatic systems: a standard individual systems with a throttling steering fed by a constant capacity pump. Both system solutions are described and equations of the total efficiency η of the system are presented. Diagrams of energy efficiency of two hydraulic systems working at the same parameters of a speed and a load of hydraulic linear motor, which were different due to structure and ability of energy saving, were presented and compared.
Application the Results of Energy Efficiency Audit Planning and Implementation of Fishing Vessels Modernisation
Authors: Szczepanek Marcin , Rajewski Przemysław , Barta Dalibor 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) became mandatory for new ships as well as the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) for all ships due to the MEPC 62 (July 2011) along with the adoption of amendments to MARPOL Annex VI by the Parties to the MARPOL Annex VI. This was the first legally binding climate change treaty to be adopted since the Kyoto Protocol. The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP), which has been obligatory since 2013, did not to cover fishing cutters but triggered the implementation of energy efficiency audits due to fishing limits, high fuel prices, and free freight market. A research team of the Maritime University of Szczecin conducted energy efficiency audits on several fishing vessels operated on the Baltic Sea and provided the results to the shipowners. On their grounds, the shipowners started seeking methods to reduce energy consumption. They began modernizing the vessels using the information collected in the reports on energy audits. Usually, the modernization process is performed in several stages. Apart from energy recovery installations, fishing vessels were furnished with the latest technologies aimed at the reduction of energy consumption and at making ships greener. The paper presents results of the said process at the selected fishing cutters operating on the Baltic Sea. The paper includes also the recommendations on the directions of the following stages of the audits.
Theoretical Research on the Gas Phase Density Change in Processes Occurring During Work of the Transport Module Intended for Transport From the Seabed
Authors: Filipek Wiktor , Broda Krzysztof 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In recent years, we have observed a great interest in the exploitation of marine deposits by various methods of mining and transport to the surface. However, obtaining natural resources deposited at greater depths such as polymetallic nodules and seafloor massive sulphides – SMS creates a lot of challenges for both scientists and engineers. The solutions developed so far, unfortunately, have so far been characterized by high energy consumption.
For several years the authors have been conducting theoretical and experimental research on new concepts of seabed to surface transport. The results of them have been presented in previous publications. This publication presents the results of the continuation of research on the concept of construction and operation of an autonomous transport module (submitted for printing). It focuses on a theoretical analysis of the change in gas phase density in the processes occurring during operation of the transport module intended for transport from the seabed. For this purpose, a reduced form of the van der Waals equation was used in the form of a third-degree equation for parameters interested from the point of view of the transport module.
A Characteristic of Selected Properties of Vulcanised Rubber Elements Used on the “Izabel” Inland Vessel
Authors: Pawłowska Patrycja , Matuszak Zbigniew , Sosik Katarzyna , Chovancová Mária 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Vulcanised rubber as a complex system is made from the basic component being virgin rubber and various components amounting to 10-15 per cent or even more. The material gains its most valuable properties in the final phase of processing i.e. vulcanisation. In mechanical as well as automotive engineering it is important for vulcanised rubber to be resistant to grease, oil and fuel in high operating temperatures. Being one of the very valuable isolation materials, vulcanised rubber is also characterised by dielectric and elastic properties as well as distinguished resistance to operating conditions (high/low temperature, weather conditions). All the above mentioned applications of vulcanised rubbers are also found in the shipyard industry. Their use is also very much predicated on the properties such as: ability to attenuate mechanical vibrations, high elasticity, considerable elastic deformability under static and dynamic loads, low permeability of water and gas, resistance to various chemicals, and other. The purpose of this article was to determine the hardness of vulcanised rubber samples obtained from various places on the “Izabel” inland barge. The scope of the study covered sampling and preparing the samples for testing (i.e. cleaning and degreasing the samples). Then, the hardness of the samples was measured using the Shore hardness test. The first part of the article presents the general concept of vulcanised rubber, its main components, properties, applications, and ageing. The second part focuses on the research scope and measuring the hardness of vulcanised rubber samples obtained from the “Izabel” inland barge.