bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intradialytic hypotension and splanchnic shifting: Integrating an overlooked mechanism with the detection of ischemia‐related signals during hemodialysis
Authors: Daugirdas John T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the most simple analysis, a patient's hematocrit during hemodialysis will rise when the rate of ultrafiltration exceeds the rate at which the fluid is mobilized from extravascular spaces; the greater the rise in hematocrit, the lower blood volume is and the more likely intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is to occur. A secondary mechanism of IDH may be due to sudden shift of blood volume away from the heart under conditions of borderline cardiac filling. A substantial portion of blood volume resides in the splanchnic venous system. During the early part of dialysis, a centripetal shift of red cells from this anatomical region to the central circulation has been documented to occur. The magnitude of this shift is unpredictable, and it may depend on the level of splanchnic vasoconstriction predialysis. The amount of splanchnic shift may also be reduced in patients with autonomic dysfunction. Once this central shift in blood volume has occurred, it can be reversed during further ultrafiltration due to ischemia‐induced release of vasodilatory molecules that cause dilation of upstream splanchnic arterioles; this causes increased transmission of arterial pressure to the splanchnic veins, acutely increasing their capacity. The increased splanchnic venous capacity may cause a sudden shift of blood away from the central circulation to fill these veins under conditions where cardiac filling has already been reduced. The result can be severe IDH due to insufficient cardiac filling and cardiac output. One fruitful preventive approach might be to continuously monitor the blood or dialysate for the sudden appearance of such ischemia‐related molecules or other signals which may herald not only dialysis hypotension but tissue stunning, warning that the fluid removal rate should be immediately reduced.
Mixed vs full donor engraftment early after hematopoietic cell transplant: Impact on incidence and control of cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Green Jaime S. , Shanley Ryan M. , Brunstein Claudio G. , Young Jo‐Anne H. , Verneris Michael R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecovery of cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐specific immunity after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is essential in controlling CMV infection. We hypothesize that mixed donor engraftment as measured by chimerism at day 30 in CMV D(+) HCTs and full chimerism in CMV D(−) HCTs will be predictive of CMV reactivation. Prospectively collected data for 407 CMV R+ HCT recipients transplanted from 2006 to 2014 at the University of Minnesota were retrospectively analyzed. Full and mixed donor engraftment were defined as ≥95% or <95% donor cells at day 30, respectively. Source of engraftment determination included preferentially peripheral blood CD3 fraction, then myeloid cell fraction (CD15+), then bone marrow. In 407 CMV R+ subjects, 77% (n = 313) were CMV D(−) cells from umbilical cord blood (n = 209), peripheral blood (n = 58) or marrow (n = 46). Fifty three per cent received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC). At day +30, full donor engraftment was seen in 82% of myeloablative and 55% of RIC transplants. The cumulative incidence of CMV infection 1‐year after transplant was not different in patients with full (54%, n = 276) or mixed (53%, n = 131) donor engraftment. Control of CMV did not significantly differ among the two groups. In multiple regression analysis, there was no significant association between donor engraftment (mixed or full) and incidence or control of CMV.
Impact of human leukocyte antigen and calculated panel reactive antibody on BK viremia in kidney transplant recipients: A single‐center experience and literature review
Authors: El‐Husseini Amr , Hassan Waleed , Yaseen Maria , Suleiman Belal , Saleh Sherif , Malik Omar , Ashqar Hasan , Maibam Amita , Mei Xiaonan , Castellanos Ana L. , Cornea Virgilius , Gedaly Roberto , Waid Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the effect of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) on BK virus activation as evidenced by BK viremia (BKV).Patients and MethodsAt our institution, 649 kidney transplant patients were screened for BKV from 2009 to 2017. Patients were considered to have BKV if they had >10 000 copies/mL of BK DNA in their blood. Donor and recipient HLA and cPRA, demographic, clinical and laboratory data, as well as immunosuppressive medications were collected.ResultsWe identified 122 BK positive and 527 BK negative patients. Only 25% of the patients had cPRA of 20% or more, and 64% had more than three HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐DR mismatches. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, male gender, age, and maintenance of steroid therapy significantly increased the risk of BKV (P = 0.005, 0.005 and <0.001, respectively). The degree of cPRA and the individual HLA allele and HLA allele matching did not significantly affect BKV.ConclusionNeither the degree of HLA mismatching nor cPRA appears to affect BKV. Moreover, no specific HLA allele, HLA allele matching, or cPRA were associated with BKV.
The cell tube block technique and an immunohistochemistry panel including Wilms tumor 1 to assist in diagnosing cavitary effusions in dogs and cats
Authors: Marcos Ricardo , Marrinhas Carla , Malhão Fernanda , Canadas Ana , Santos Marta , Caniatti Mario 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundCell blocks and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are increasingly recognized as being complementary tools for cytologic diagnostics, especially for neoplastic diseases.ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate the utility of cell tube block (CTB) IHC for refining the diagnosis of effusions in dogs and cats.MethodsCavitary effusions (n = 25) from dogs and cats classified by cytology as reactive, neoplastic, borderline (suspicious of neoplasia), and chylous were studied. CTB sections were stained with H&E, and immunostained with PAX‐5, CD3, pancytokeratin (CK), vimentin, and Wilms tumor 1 protein (WT1) antibodies, according to the cytologic diagnoses. A histologic case series of confirmed normal, reactive, and neoplastic mesothelium and several different carcinomas were included to test the utility of WT1 as a marker of mesothelial cells.ResultsCTBs had a layered appearance with reduced background staining. CD3 and PAX5 immunolabeling allowed immunophenotype assessment in all of the lymphoma cases. In carcinomatous effusions, neoplastic cells were CK‐positive, WT1‐negative, and vimentin‐negative (except for two cases). Wilms tumor 1 protein was positive in the nuclei of normal, reactive, and neoplastic mesothelial cells, and ovarian carcinomatous cells. Other carcinomas and lymphomas were negative.ConclusionsCTBs are valuable tools to assist in making a diagnosis of cavitary effusions in dogs and cats, and WT1 is a promising marker to differentiate mesothelial from carcinomatous cells.
Diagnostic utility of clinical and laboratory test parameters for differentiating between sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome and pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs
Authors: Oh Annie , Foster Melanie L. , Williams Jonathan G. , Zheng Chaowen , Ru Hongyu , Lunn Katharine F. , Mowat Freya M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify discriminating factors, using clinical ophthalmic examination findings and routine laboratory testing, that differentiate dogs with early sudden acquired retinal degeneration (SARDS; vision loss <6 weeks’ duration), age‐ and breed‐matched control dogs, and dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH).AnimalsClient‐owned dogs: 15 with SARDS with <6 weeks duration of vision loss, 14 age‐ and breed‐matched control dogs, and 13 dogs with confirmed PDH.ProceduresDogs underwent ophthalmic examination, electroretinography (ERG) fundus photography, and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) in addition to physical examination, urinalysis, serum biochemistry, complete blood count, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation testing. Statistical analysis was performed using receiver operating curve area under the curve analysis, principal component analysis with sparse partial least squares analysis, and one‐way ANOVA.ResultsDogs with SARDS all had absent vision and ERG a‐ and b‐waves. SD‐OCT demonstrated that dogs with SARDS had significantly thicker inner retina, thinner outer nuclear layer, and thicker photoreceptor inner/outer segment measurements than either controls or dogs with PDH. Discriminating laboratory parameters between dogs with SARDS and PDH with high specificity included post‐ACTH serum cortisol (<19.3 μg/dL), AST:ALT ratio (>0.343), and urine specific gravity (>1.030).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceWe have identified significant discriminators between SARDS and PDH. This work provides the basis for future studies that could identify and examine dogs with SARDS prior to vision loss, which may extend the potential therapeutic window for SARDS.
Unipodal stance influences radiographic evaluation of foot balance in horses
Authors: Joostens Zoë , Evrard Laurence , Busoni Valeria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLifting the contralateral forelimb (unipodal stance) is often used as a method of restraint in horses. This experimental one group pretest, posttest study was conducted to evaluate the effects of unipodal stance on quantitative radiographic parameters in equine forefeet. Seven nonlame horses were randomly selected. Lateromedial (LM) and dorsopalmar (DP) projections were acquired for both forefeet, squarely placed on blocks, using two X‐ray generators. Radiographs of each foot were acquired first in a bipodal stance, immediately followed by the same radiographic projections obtained in a unipodal stance. The following measurements were recorded for each stance: distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) space width on both projections; mediolateral joint balance as the difference between lateral and medial DIPJ space widths on DP projections; extensor process‐to‐middle phalangeal condyle distance; and deep digital flexor tendon angle on LM projections. A matched pairs design and Student's t‐test with a 95% confidence level were used to test for statistical significance. Compared to a bipodal stance, lateral DIPJ space width was significantly reduced on unipodal DP views, whereas mediolateral joint imbalance and to a lesser extent medial DIPJ space width were significantly increased. On unipodal LM views, there was a significant higher degree of DIPJ flexion. These findings suggest that stance should be carefully taken into consideration when measuring radiographic parameters in equine forefeet, especially if assessing foot balance and conformation, as unipodal stance significantly affects the mediolateral balance of the DIPJ on DP radiographs and significantly alters the phalangeal axis on LM radiographs.
A molecular phylogeny of chafers revisits the polyphyly of Tanyproctini (Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae)
Authors: Eberle Jonas , Sabatinelli Guido , Cillo Davide , Bazzato Erika , Šípek Petr , Sehnal Richard , Bezděk Aleš , Král David , Ahrens Dirk 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTanyproctini (Melolonthinae) is a large group of chafers within the pleurostict Scarabaeidae that shows an enormous morphological diversity and variation. However, their morphology based definition appears to be mainly based on presumably plesiomorphic characters. Here, we investigate the phylogeny of this interesting lineage with a three‐gene data set using partial gene sequences of 28S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and 16S rRNA (rrnL). Our data set comprised 191 species of all major lineages of pleurostict scarabs. Combined analyses of the 2,070 base pairs alignment with maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian tree inference always recovered Tanyproctini to be highly polyphyletic. Tests of an alternative topology with constrained monophyly of Tanyproctini using CONSEL and IQ‐TREE were not found to be more likely than the unconstrained tree topology. Instead, Tanyproctini was split into six independent lineages under the current taxon sampling that were scattered throughout diverse parts of the pleurostict tree. The fact that numerous smaller chafer lineages exist beside several evolutionary successful and large lineages, highlights the complexity of the pleurosticts’ evolutionary history. The resulting tree topologies imply the need for a thorough revision of tribal classification within Melolonthinae lineages to accommodate the polyphyly of Tanyproctini. However, a revision of classification would be premature due to low support of most relevant branches, instable tree topologies among different tree searches, and due to a still very incomplete representation of Tanyproctini lineages.
Towards a phylogeny ofCyclops(Copepoda): (in)congruences among morphology, molecules and zoogeography
Authors: Hołyńska Maria , Wyngaard Grace A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe phylogeny ofCyclops(~30 spp.), a predominantly Palearctic cold‐adapted genus, was reconstructed based on morphological and molecular characters. The morphological analysis used extensive taxon sampling from the entire Holarctic range of the genus and included 53 morphological characters. Polymorphic traits were coded by the “unordered,” “unscaled” and “scaled” methods; maximum parsimony criterion was applied in tree building. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions utilized partial nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal genes, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and complete internal transcribed spacer regions I and II, albeit with limited taxon sampling. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood were used in these tree reconstructions. The molecular characters were used both in combination with morphology and as an independent test of the basal relationships inferred from morphology. Monophyly of the genus received strong support in both the morphological and molecular phylogenies; the basal relationships remain unresolved. The morphology‐based phylogenies, along with the geographic distribution patterns and ecological traits, supported monophyly of theankyrae−ladakanusclade,scutifer‐clade (C. scutifer,C. jashnovi,C. columbianus),kolensis‐clade (C. kolensis,C. kikuchii,C. vicinus,C. furcifer,C. insignis,C. alaskaensis),abyssorum‐clade (C. abyssorums. str.,C. abyssorum larianus,C. ricae,C. sevani) anddivergens‐clade (South Carpathian “Cyclopssp. Y,”C. mauritaniae,C. divergens,C. bohater,C. lacustris). Relationships among European and North American populations ofC. scutiferandC. columbianusbased on partial sequences of the 12S mitochondrial gene showC. scutiferto be paraphyletic, suggesting two independent invasions into North America via the Bering Land Bridge from Siberia to Alaska.
Maintaining Pakistani Cultural Traditional Decorative Elements Blending and Adoption Different Decorating Style Approach
Authors: Khan Romana Yasmin , Ren Kangli , Gan Wei , Wahab Zain ul 
Published: March 2019

Pakistani culture has the capacity to adopt multi-cultural values and décor practices in the society. With the gradual improvement of the living environment, people are pursuing more satisfaction and spiritual meaning the current interior decoration style in Pakistan considers a mix and match style. People in Pakistan cannot absolutely consider adopting a pure one style. Interior decoration is considered as primary to traditional living culture with distinctive cultural ideas, filling in the use of the latest style of thinking. The purpose of this study is to explore the development and current status of interior decoration styles in modern Pakistan and to collect background information on the current interior design decoration style and application of traditional elements in decoration.Also, investigate the extent of application of traditional thoughts in modern houses, their incorporation and blend with contemporary architecture so that the cultural values and the elements of traditional interior décor art and craft are not endangered. Study reveals that Pakistani interior décor style is the foremost interesting and attention-grabbing to work with because of the variations within the culture, splendid history and art and craft across the country.
Exploring patients’ understanding of antibiotic resistance and how this may influence attitudes towards antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections: a qualitative study in Australian general practice
Authors: Bakhit Mina , Del Mar Chris , Gibson Elizabeth , Hoffmann Tammy 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo explore patients’ or parents of child patients’ understanding of antibiotic resistance and aspects of resistance such as resistance reversibility and its spread among those in close proximity, along with how this may influence attitudes towards antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections (ARIs).DesignQualitative semistructured interview study using convenience sampling and thematic analysis by two researchers independently.SettingGeneral practices in Gold Coast, Australia.Participants32 patients or parents of child patients presenting to general practice with an ARI.ResultsFive themes emerged: (1) antibiotic use is seen as the main cause of antibiotic resistance, but what it is that becomes resistant is poorly understood; (2) resistance is perceived as a future ‘big problem’ for the community, with little appreciation of the individual impact of or contribution to it; (3) poor awareness that resistance can spread between family members but concern that it can; (4) low awareness that resistance can decay with time and variable impact of this knowledge on attitudes towards future antibiotic use and (5) antibiotics are perceived as sometimes necessary, with some awareness and consideration of their harms.ConclusionsPatients’ or parents of child patients’ understanding of antibiotic resistance and aspects of it was poor. Targeting misunderstandings about resistance in public health messages and clinical consultations should be considered as part of a strategy to improve knowledge about it, which may encourage more consideration about antibiotic use for illnesses such as ARIs.
Association between full monitoring of biomedical and lifestyle target indicators and HbA1clevel in primary type 2 diabetes care: an observational cohort study (ELZHA-cohort 1)
Authors: van Bruggen Sytske , Rauh Simone P , Kasteleyn Marise J , Bonten Tobias N , Chavannes Niels H , Numans Mattijs E 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveManagement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires frequent monitoring of patients. Within a collective care group setting, doubts on the clinical effects of registration are a barrier for full adoption of T2DM registration in general practice. We explored whether full monitoring of biomedical and lifestyle-related target indicators within a care group approach is associated with lower HbA1clevels.DesignObservational, real-life cohort study.SettingPrimary care data registry from the Hadoks (EerstelijnsZorggroepHaaglanden) care group.ExposureThe care group provides general practitioners collectively with organisational support to facilitate structured T2DM primary care. Patients are offered quarterly medical and lifestyle-related consultation.Main outcome measureFull monitoring of each target indicator in patients with T2DM which includes minimally one measure of HbA1clevel, systolic blood pressure, LDL, BMI, smoking behaviour and physical exercise between January and December 2014; otherwise, patients were defined as ’incompletely monitored'. HbA1clevels of 8137 fully monitored and 3958 incompletely monitored patients were compared, adjusted for the confounders diabetes duration, age and gender. Since recommended HbA1cvalues depend on age, medication use and diabetes duration, analyses were stratified into three HbA1cprofile groups. Linear multilevel analyses enabled adjustment for general practice.ResultsCompared with incompletely monitored patients, fully monitored patients had significantly lower HbA1clevels (95% CI) in the first (−2.03 [−2.53 to −1.52] mmol/mol) (−0.19% [−0.23% to −0.14%]), second (−3.36 [−5.28 to −1.43] mmol/mol) (−0.31% [−0.48% to −0.13%]) and third HbA1cprofile group (−1.89 [−3.76 to −0.01] mmol/mol) (−0.17% [−0.34% to 0.00%]).Conclusions/interpretationThis study shows that in a care group setting, fully monitored patients had significantly lower HbA1clevels compared with incompletely monitored patients. Since this difference might have considerable clinical impact in terms of T2DM-related risks, this might help general practices in care group settings to overcome barriers on adequate registration and thus improve structured T2DM primary care. From population health management perspective, we recommend a systematic approach to adjust the structured care protocol for incompletely monitored subgroups.
Impact of patient choice for different postcesarean delivery analgesic protocols on opioid consumption: a randomized prospective clinical trial
Authors: Carvalho Brendan , Sutton Caitlin Dooley , Kowalczyk John J , Flood Pamela Dru 
Published: March 2019

Background
Choice of postcesarean delivery analgesic protocol may improve pain experience and reduce analgesic requirements.

Methods
Cesarean delivery patients were randomly assigned either to choose their postcesarean delivery analgesia protocol or to have no choice and receive routine care. Choices were low (50 μg intrathecal morphine), medium (identical to routine care: 150 μg intrathecal morphine), or high (300 μg intrathecal morphine with 600 mg oral gabapentin). All groups received scheduled acetaminophen and ibuprofen. The primary outcome was oxycodone requirements 0–48 hours postdelivery in those offered versus not offered a choice.

Results
Of 160 women enrolled, 120 were offered a choice and 40 were not offered a choice. There was no difference in oxycodone requirements or pain associated with choice, but those who had a choice expressed more satisfaction than those who did not have a choice (mean (95% CI) difference 5% (0% to 10 %), p=0.005). In the choice group, the high dose group required more oxycodone (5 (0 to 15) mg 0–24 hours after delivery and 15 (10 to 25) mg at 24–48 hours; p=0.05 and p=0.001) versus the low and medium groups. The low dose group had less pruritus (p=0.001), while the high dose group had more vomiting (p=0.01) requiring antiemetic treatment (p=0.04).

Conclusion
Having a choice compared with no choice routine care did not reduce oxycodone requirements or pain scores. However, women have insight into their analgesic needs; women offered a choice and who chose the higher dose analgesic protocol required more oxycodone, and women who chose the lower dose protocol required less oxycodone. Despite providing additional analgesic (six times more intrathecal morphine plus gabapentin in high dose vs low dose protocols), we still did not equalize postcesarean oxycodone requirement differences between groups.

Trial registration number

NCT02605187
.