bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast and Efficient Mitigation of Coupled Axial-Torsional Drillstring Vibrations through State-Feedback Linear-Quadratic-Integral (LQI) Control
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Ashok Pradeepkumar , Aguirre Juan , Chen Dongmei , van Oort Eric 
Published: November 2024

Summary
In the exploitation of subsurface hydrocarbon and geothermal energy, more than 50% of total expenses are typically attributed to drilling and well completion. Coupled triaxial vibrations in the drilling system, excited by various mechanical, hydraulic, and geological sources, are major causes of premature downhole tool failures, excessive bit damage, compromised hole quality, reduced rate of penetration (ROP), and increased nonproductive time. Drillstring dynamic models, shock absorption tools, and controllers have been developed since the 1960s to understand and mitigate detrimental vibrations in the drilling system, aiming for smoother and more efficient operations. With advancements in measurement/logging while drilling technologies, rig equipment, mud pulse/wired pipe telemetry, and the digitalization of drilling engineering, a foundation has been established for proactive drilling vibration detection, analysis, and control to achieve efficient and safe drilling.
In this study, a reduced-order axial-torsional drillstring dynamic model with soft string lateral contacts is first developed. Nonlinear drilling boundary conditions and inputs, such as bit-rock interactions (BRIs) with torque-on-bit (TOB) velocity-weakening effects, wellbore-drillstring contacts/friction, drillstring gravity, mud buoyancy, and more, are defined within the modeling framework. Equilibrium states and linearization of the model are derived for any given weight-on-bit (WOB) and rotational speed (RPM) setpoints, 3D well trajectories, and drillstring dimensions. A linear-quadratic-integral (LQI) controller is developed and tested for drillstring vibration suppression using a 6,562 ft (2000 m) drillstring model. In comparison to commercially available controllers for stick/slip mitigation, which are designed based on impedance matching and only address the decoupled drillstring torsional dynamics, the proposed state-feedback LQI controller emphasizes the coupling between the axial and torsional drillstring dynamics by simultaneously controlling WOB and RPM. Simulation results demonstrate that the LQI controller can suppress stick/slip and stabilize downhole WOB within 7 seconds, while a commercial drilling controller takes more than 35 seconds to achieve the same. Additionally, valuable insights and potential future directions for nonlinear drillstring vibration mitigation and drilling controller design are provided. With its fast drilling dysfunction stabilization time, small downhole RPM/WOB overshoots, minimal rig control inputs, robustness against drilling nonlinearities, and high efficiency, the proposed multi-input-multi-output state-feedback drilling controller holds great potential for application in proactive drilling vibration control, drilling automation, and real-time drilling optimization.
Blowout Contingency Decision-Making Leveraging Reservoir/Wellbore Pressure Modeling: Cap-and-Restrain or Cap-and-Divert?
Authors: Khouissat Abdelhakim , Michael Andreas 
Published: November 2024

Summary
After the MC 252–1 “Macondo Well” blowout on 20 April 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico, notable efforts were placed on subsea-well capping and containment to improve the industry’s response to offshore-blowout events. The thrust of this paper is an investigation of the role that forward modeling and monitoring of the reservoir and wellbore pressures can play in determining the best practice to kill a blown well. A novel workflow is presented for supporting blowout contingency by assisting decision-making across different post-blowout intervention strategies integrating reservoir simulation, wellbore mechanics, and the surface equipment’s operating limits.
Caused by the unique set of challenges of each blowout incident, a well-intervention method proven effective in one scenario may not be optimal for the next—it could lead to failure, or be unimplementable. Proper response to a well-control event of this type is divided into two broad categories. The first category is “Cap-and-Restrain,” which requires forward modeling of the wellbore-pressure buildup, identifying the critical post-blowout discharge flowrates, above which it is safe to shut-in the subsea-capping stack (SCS). The second category is “Cap-and-Divert,” which requires the SCS to remain partially or completely open after its installation on the blown well’s damaged blowout preventer (BOP), with the flow being diverted to an external storage unit. The SCS is shut-in later once it is confirmed that the well’s integrity can handle the backpressure of the controlled discharge without any “underground blowouts” triggered by tensile failures on exposed locations along the wellbore.
This work focuses on the methods and processes planned to contain a subsea blowout, either by Cap-and-Restrain or by Cap-and-Divert, using a workflow employing a generic, multipurpose, 3D, two-phase (water/oil) reservoir simulator [Program for Integrated Modeling of Petroleum Systems (PIMPS3D2P), written in MATLAB® of The MathWorks, Inc.]. Once the feasibility of SCS deployment and landing is evaluated, the implementation of a shut-in procedure becomes vital for reaching the static well conditions required. Our workflow has been applied a posteriori to the Macondo Well’s blowout scenario, as an illustrative example.
A New Model for Steam Cavity Expansion in Vertical Wells of Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Yaozu , Du Dianfa , Gao Yuqiao , Zheng Yongwang , Hao Fanghui , Ji Hongbin 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Steamflooding is one of the most effective and mature methods for developing heavy oil. However, existing research has not fully explained the phenomena of steam overburden and heat loss, particularly overlooking the steam velocity loss at the steam cavity front. Therefore, the condensation heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) was introduced to describe the decrease in steam velocity at the steam cavity front. A steam cavity front expansion model, considering shape factor, pseudofluidity ratio, and CHTC ratio (CHTCR), was established and validated by using mine monitoring data. The research results show that the steam cavity of the revised model is in the shape of a “funnel,” and the steam overburden phenomenon is more pronounced at the steam cavity front. Through comparison with the field data of the P6 and P612-1 well groups, it is observed that the average displacement error of the steam cavity front of the two is only 6.58%. As steam injection progresses, the steam cavity is more degraded, and the steam overburden phenomenon is more intensified compared with the initial stage. Taking into account the phenomenon of kinetic energy loss, a higher formation heat loss rate is calculated during the middle and late stages of steam injection in the modified model. The pressure gradient at the steam cavity front is analyzed to determine an optimal displacement radius of 40 m for vertical well steamflooding in heavy oil reservoirs. When parameters such as shape factor, steam injection rate, and CHTC are increased, the development shape of the steam cavity is more ideal, but the convexity of the steam cavity front is increasingly pronounced as the pseudomobility ratio increases. The CHTC was incorporated into the steam cavity expansion model, elucidating the steam overburden phenomenon and advancing the theoretical understanding of steamflooding. By improving the existing model, the analytical formula can be used to rapidly predict the position of the steam cavity front and estimate of the steam-saturated zone, even in the absence of some field data or numerical models. Practical guidance for optimizing steam injection strategies is provided, with the potential to significantly enhance the recovery of heavy oil reservoirs.
Monitoring Slug Flow Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing Technology with Different Sensing Cable Configurations
Authors: Garcia-Ceballos Ana , Benabid Mouna-Keltoum , Jin Ge , Fan Yilin 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Monitoring slug flow in real time over long distances is essential for facility design, operation, and flow assurance management. In this study, we investigated the use of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology for slug flow monitoring, exploring various cable designs and deployment methods. The experimentation encompassed the use of five distinctive fiber-optic cable deployment methods: three internal cables of varying designs (thin, flat, and thick), supplemented by two external cables—one placed straight atop the pipeline while the other was helically wrapped around it. All cables were connected consecutively and successfully captured the dynamic variation of the slugging phenomenon along the pipe.
We introduce different data processing algorithms for slug flow characterization, including standard deviation (SD) downsampling, slug frequency determination, and semblance for velocity extraction. The experimental results indicate a higher slug frequency but smaller slug sizes near the inlet of upward inclined pipe, where most slug structures originate. The structure velocity shows a positive correlation with DAS amplitude or the maximum strain rate, which could be related to the slug size.
The flat cable exhibited a heightened amplitude response to slugs, while the internal thin and the external straight cables provided the most distinct delineation of slug patterns. The internal thick cable provided the least sensitivity among all due to its design. Although the linear deployment of fiber-optic cables is more practical compared to helically wrapped ones, their resolution limits detailed analysis of more intricate slug characteristics for short pipelines, such as precise velocity measurements of slugs. Data from the helically wrapped cable can address these limitations, providing more comprehensive insights.
Discovering hidden physics using ML-based multimodal super-resolution measurement and its application to fusion plasmas
Authors: Jalalvand Azarakhsh , Kim SangKyeun , Seo Jaemin , Hu Qiming , Curie Max , Steiner Peter , Nelson Andrew , Kolemen Egemen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

A non-linear complex system governed by multi-spatial and multi-temporal physics scales cannot be fully understood with a single diagnostic, as each provides only a partial view and much information is lost during data extraction. Combining multiple diagnostics also results in imperfect projections of the system's physics. By identifying hidden inter-correlations between diagnostics, we can leverage mutual support to fill in these gaps, but uncovering these inter-correlations analytically is too complex.
We introduce a groundbreaking machine learning methodology to address this issue. Our multimodal approach generates super-resolution data encompassing multiple physics phenomena, capturing detailed structural evolution and responses to perturbations previously unobservable. This methodology addresses a critical problem in fusion plasmas: the Edge Localized Mode (ELM), a plasma instability that can severely damage reactor walls. One method to stabilize ELM is using resonant magnetic perturbation to trigger magnetic islands. However, low spatial and temporal resolution of measurements limits the analysis of these magnetic islands due to their small size, rapid dynamics, and complex interactions within the plasma.
With super-resolution diagnostics, we can experimentally verify theoretical models of magnetic islands for the first time, providing unprecedented insights into their role in ELM stabilization. This advancement aids in developing effective ELM suppression strategies for future fusion reactors like ITER and has broader applications, potentially revolutionizing diagnostics in fields such as astronomy, astrophysics, and medical imaging.
Multi-omics analysis and longitudinal study of reprogramming by dietary creatine to endogenous metabolism in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Yu Haodong , Nie Yukang , Ran Xinping , Li Shaoyun , Rong Keming , Zhang Xuezhen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Creatine is a feed additive with physiological pleiotropic properties and also a energy homeostasis protector in vertebrates and is successfully used in terrestrial livestock and aquaculture. Here, two feeding trials were performed to investigate dietary creatine on endogenous creatine metabolism and physiological reprogramming in largemouth bass. The results showed that the endogenous creatine metabolism genes AGAT, GAMT, and SLC6A8 of largemouth bass are highly conserved with the amino acid sequences of other teleosts, and are clustered separately from mammals. Among the 16 major tissues of largemouth bass, the most important organ for endogenous creatine synthesis and transport is muscle, which has the strongest ability to synthesize creatine independently. Muscle has a high threshold but sensitive creatine negative feedback to regulate endogenous creatine metabolism. Dietary creatine intake significantly inhibits endogenous creatine synthesis and transport in muscle in a dose-dependent manner, and this inhibitory effect recovers with a decrease in dietary creatine content. In addition, physiological creatine saturation required prolonged exogenous creatine intake, and it would be shortened by high doses of creatine, which provides guidance for maximizing economic benefits in aquaculture. Metabolome and transcriptome showed that dietary creatine significantly affected the metabolism of the creatine precursor substance–arginine. Exogenous creatine intake spared arginine that would otherwise be used for creatine synthesis, increased arginine levels and caused reprogramming of arginine metabolism. Overall, these results demonstrate that the addition of creatine to largemouth bass diets is safe and recoverable, and the benefits of creatine intake in largemouth bass are not limited to enhancing the function of creatine itself but also include a reduction in the metabolic burden of essential amino acids to better growth performance.
Genomic and Transcriptomic Dynamics in the Stepwise Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Haiquan , Zhao Yue , Shang Jun , Yan Yueren , Jiang He , Han Han , Yuan Hui , Gao Zhendong , Yang Jingcheng , Pan Yunjian , Lin Yicong , Fu Fangqiu , Ye Ting , Zhang Yawei , Xiang Jiaqing , Hu Hong , Zheng Yuanting , Li Yuan , Zhang Yang , Jin Li , Shi Leming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progresses from pre-invasive to invasive stages, as well as from ground-glass opacities (GGOs) to solid nodules. However, the dynamic genomic and transcriptomic changes underlying LUAD progression remain incompletely understood. Here we analysed genomic and transcriptomic profiles of 1,008 LUAD samples, encompassing all developmental stages in 954 patients, with comprehensive follow-up data. Frequently mutated driver genes were identified, with more mutations in tumor suppressor genes and higher levels of genomic instability observed as the disease progressed. Notably, MAP2K1 E102-I103 deletion was frequently identified in pre-invasive samples, which endowed Alveolar Type II (ATII) cells with increased growth potential and initiated tumor formation, suggesting it a potential driver mutation of LUAD. In summary, our study highlights key molecular changes in the stepwise progression of lung adenocarcinoma, provides insights into identifying novel therapeutic targets, and helps define the curative time window for this disease.
Twelve months at 1.5 °C signals earlier than expected breach of Paris Agreement threshold
Authors: Cannon Alex J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

June 2024 was the twelfth month in a row with global mean surface temperatures at least 1.5 °C above pre-industrial conditions. Does this imply failure to meet the Paris Agreement goal of limiting long-term warming below this threshold? Evidence from climate model simulations, conditional on reaching 1.5 °C for 12 consecutive months, indicates that the long-term Paris Agreement target is usually crossed well before such a string of unusually warm temperatures occurs.
Trophic Status Analysis and Nutrient Source Allocation in Urban Lakes of Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Approach to Eutrophication Monitoring
Authors: Faria Farzana Ferdous , Ariyan Tasrif Nur , Mia Md. Younus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Urban lakes are vital to ecosystems, providing essential services and recreational spaces in densely populated megacities. However, rapid urbanization and anthropogenic activities, particularly eutrophication driven by macronutrient accumulation, severely threaten these water bodies. This study underscores the critical need for continuous trophic state monitoring to sustain fish, wildlife, and plant ecosystems. The trophic status of Dhanmondi, Gulshan, and Banani Lakes in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, was assessed using Carlson’s Trophic State Index (CTSI) and Burn’s Trophic Level Index (BTLI), based on Chlorophyll a (Chl-a), Total Phosphorus (TP), Secchi Disc Depth (SD), and Total Nitrogen (TN). Water samples from five sites per lake were analyzed for physicochemical parameters from June’23 to May’24, revealing monthly and seasonal variations. The study revealed that Dhanmondi Lake's CTSI ranged from 69.3 to 79.5 (June'23 to March'24), indicating initial "Eutrophic" conditions progressing to "Hypereutrophic". Gulshan Lake consistently showed "Hypereutrophic" conditions, with CTSI values between 84.1 and 97.3. Banani Lake was "Eutrophic" in June & July'23, transitioning to "Hypereutrophic" from August’23 to May’24 (84.1-97.7). The Trophic Level Index (TLI) showed the "Hypereutrophic" status with a progressive monthly escalation for all the lakes. The Water Quality Index (WQI) categorized the lakes as "Poor" to "Very Poor" from June to August’23, becoming "Unsuitable" from September’23 to May’24, indicating significant anthropogenic stress. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified nutrient infiltration, soil erosion, waste discharge, and organic residue accumulation as key pollution drivers. The study advocates for a multi-sectoral strategy to regulate nutrient loading and mitigate eutrophication, emphasizing best management practices for urban lake conservation.
Non-Affinity Platform for Processing Knob-into-Hole Bispecific Antibody
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Li Min , Li Mengting , Hong Huoyan , Gao Kai , Zhao Puya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Bispecific antibodies hold significant potential as next-generation biotherapeutics owing to their ability to simultaneously bind to two targets. However, the development of bispecific antibodies as biotherapeutics has been hindered by the high levels of byproducts produced, including both high molecular weight and low molecular weight variants. In addition, the inevitable expression of homodimers in host cells presents further obstacles to the commercial development of bispecific antibodies as therapeutics. These byproducts, which share similar physicochemical properties with the target, pose several challenges for downstream purification processes. In this study, we present a non-protein A purification platform that employ a one-step polishing chromatography to purify bispecific antibodies. Mixed-mode Capto adhere resin was used to capture the target protein at pH 7.90 ± 0.10, followed by anion exchange chromatography as a polishing step. Overall, the results of this two-step chromatography purification method demonstrated at final product purity of 98% as assessed by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) and 98% by reversed-phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), with residual host cell proteins controlled at 10 ppm and an excellent recovery rate of approximately 60%. This study presents a non-protein A capture platform, offering a simplified, streamlined, and competitive alternative to conventional affinity chromatography.
On the Instrumental Discrepancies in Lyman-alphaObservations of Solar Flares
Authors: Greatorex Harry J. , Milligan Ryan O. , Dammasch Ingolf E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Despite the energetic significance of Lyman-alpha (Lyα; 1216˚A) emission from solar flares, regular observations of flare related Lyα have been relatively scarce until recently. Advances in instrumental capabilities and a shift in focus over previous Solar Cycles mean it is now routinely possible to take regular co-observations of Lyα emission in solar flares. Thus, it is valuable to examine how the instruments selected for flare observations may influence the conclusions drawn from the analysis of their unique measurements. Here, we examine three M-class flares each observed in Lyα by GOES-14/EUVS-E, GOES-15/EUVS-E, or GOES-16/EXIS-EUVS-B, and at least one other instrument from PROBA2/LYRA, MAVEN/EUVM, ASO-S/LST-SDI, and SDO/EVE-MEGS-P. For each flare, the relative and excess flux, contrast, total energy, and timings of the Lyα emission were compared between instruments. It was found that while the discrepancies in measurements of the relative flux between instruments may be considered minimal, the calculated contrasts, excess fluxes, and energetics may differ significantly - in some cases up to a factor of five. This may have a notable impact on multi-instrument investigations of the variable Lyα emission in solar flares and estimates of the contribution of Lyα to the radiated energy budget of the chromosphere. The findings presented in this study will act as a guide for the interpretation of observations of flare-related Lyα from upcoming instruments during future Solar Cycles and inform conclusions drawn from multi-instrument studies.
Bovine Biowaste Derived Nanocellulose for Pyrethrin Stabilization and Controlled Release
Authors: Mugo Samuel M. , Lu Weihao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Sustainable industrial and food production technologies are in demand with the heightened public environmental consciousness. For example, there is growing demand for organic agriculture where synthetic pesticides are replaced with biopesticides. While effective in the short term, biopesticides are unstable and decompose rapidly in nature, losing their pesticidal action. As such the use of biopesticides can be uneconomical. Pyrethrins are a good example of biopesticides that have found widespread application in both crop and animal husbandry. To improve pyrethrin stability, this article will demonstrate bovine biowaste derived nanocellulose (BBNC) as an effective support for stabilizing pyrethrins, and for controlled release for up to one month. The BBNC demonstrated functional similarities to commercial cellulose nanocrystals, hence the article points to a potential valorization technology potential for bovine biowaste.