bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus and cervical dysplasia: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Norenhag J , Du J , Olovsson M , Verstraelen H , Engstrand L , Brusselaers N 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundPersistent infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus can lead to cervical dysplasia and cancer. Recent studies have suggested associations between the composition of the vaginal microbiota, infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and progression to cervical dysplasia and cancer.ObjectiveTo assess how specific cervico‐vaginal microbiota compositions are associated with HPV infection, cervical dysplasia and cancer, we conducted a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (registered in PROSPERO: CRD42018112862).Search strategyPubMed, Web of science, Embase and Cochrane database.Selection criteriaAll original studies describing at least two community state types of bacteria (CST), based on molecular techniques enabling identification of bacteria, and reporting the association with HPV infection, cervical dysplasia and/or cervical cancer.Data collection and analysisFor the meta‐analysis, a network map was constructed to provide an overview of the network relationships and to assess how many studies provided direct evidence for the different vaginal microbiota compositions and HPV, cervical dysplasia or cancer. Thereafter, the consistency of the model was assessed, and forest plots were constructed to pool and summarise the available evidence, presenting odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.Main resultsVaginal microbiota dominated by non‐Lactobacilli species or Lactobacillus iners were associated with three to five times higher odds of any prevalent HPV and two to three times higher for high‐risk HPV and dysplasia/cervical cancer compared with Lactobacillus crispatus.ConclusionsThese findings suggest an association between certain bacterial community types of the vaginal microbiota and HPV infection and HPV‐related disease. This may be useful for guiding treatment options or serve as biomarkers for HPV‐related disease.Tweetable abstractThis network meta‐analysis suggests an association between different vaginal bacterial community types and the risk of HPV.
Development and Application of an Active Plastic Multilayer Film by Coating a Plantaricin BM‐1 for Chilled Meat Preservation
Authors: Yang Wenge , Xie Yuanhong , Jin Junhua , Liu Hui , Zhang Hongxing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, an active antibacterial packaging film was developed by coating a polyethylene terephthalate/polyvinylidene chloride/retort casting polypropylene (PPR) plastic multilayer film with plantaricin BM‐1 and chitosan. The characteristics of the active packaging film and its antibacterial effect for chilled meat preservation were evaluated. Our results indicated that the barrier properties against oxygen were improved significantly and the tensile strength and the elongation at break were changed slightly. The active plantaricin film significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the viable counts of Listeria monocytogenes by 3.6 log10CFU/mL in liquid medium and approximately 1.4 log10CFU/g in meat stored at 4 °C for 8 days compared with the control. Moreover, the viable counts of aerobes and anaerobes in the meat packaged with the active plantaricin film were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by approximately 0.6 log10CFU/g and 1.1 log10CFU/g when compared with that packaged with PPR film stored at 4 °C for 12 days. The total volatile base (TVB‐N) in the meat packaged with the active plantaricin film was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in the control during the entire storage period. Our results indicated that the active film could extend the meat shelf life by inhibiting the L. monocytogenes and the background spoilage bacteria in chilled meat stored at 4 °C. This outcome suggests that plastic multilayer film incorporating plantaricin BM‐1 can be potentially used for fresh meat packaging.Practical ApplicationFresh meat is highly perishable product. This study developed a plantaricin BM‐1 active plastic multilayer film that can inhibit the growth of microorganisms in chilled meat during storage at 4 °C.
Glucosinolate Content and Sensory Evaluation of Baby Leaf Rapeseed from Annual and Biennial White‐ and Yellow‐Flowering Cultivars with Repeated Harvesting in Two Seasons
Authors: Groenbaek Marie , Kidmose Ulla , Tybirk Erik , Kristensen Hanne Lakkenborg 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe chemical and sensory quality of field‐grown vegetables may be influenced by cultivar choice and agronomic factors but knowledge is lacking on the new rapeseed vegetables. White‐ and yellow‐flowering rapeseed cultivars were tested in two seasonally different field studies in Denmark at three different growing stages by early sowing the first year and late sowing the second year. Content of glucosinolates (GLSs) was analyzed, and the sensory quality of baby leaf samples was evaluated. The GLS content differed among cultivars across years in all growing stages, with biennial cultivars having the highest GLS content. In the second year, a higher content of all identified GLSs was found at two growing stages except for neoglucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin, compared to the first year. On the contrary, higher contents of all identified GLSs were found at a third stage in the first year except for progoitrin and 4‐methoxy glucobrassicin. Sensory evaluation of bitterness revealed differences among cultivars, higher intensities of bitterness in biennial cultivars, and a relationship between bitterness and content of bitter‐tasting and total GLSs. The effect of repeated harvesting on GLS content differed between the years and no general pattern was seen, except that the composition of individual GLSs was comparable for the biennial cultivars. We conclude that growing season and life cycle had a stronger influence on GLS content than stage at harvest. The link between bitter‐tasting GLSs and bitterness revealed that life cycle and seasonal effects affected the sensory profile of baby leaf rapeseed thereby making a healthier product due to high content of health‐beneficial GLSs.
Stare decisisand judicial log‐rolls: a gains‐from‐trade model
Authors: Cameron Charles M. , Kornhauser Lewis A. , Parameswaran Giri 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe practice of horizontalstare decisisrequires that judges occasionally decide cases “incorrectly.” What sustains this practice? Given a heterogeneous bench, we show that theincreasing differences in dispositional valueproperty of preferences generates gains when judges trade dispositions over the case‐space. These gains are fully realized by implementing a compromise rule—stare decisis. Absent commitment, we provide conditions that sustain the compromise in a repeated game. When complete compromises become unsustainable, partial compromises still avail. Moreover, judges may prefer to implement partial compromises even when perfect ones are sustainable. Thus,stare decisisis consistent with a partially settled, partially contested legal doctrine.
Prognostic impact of examined lymph node count in pT1N0M0 esophageal cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Liu Ying , Yang Heli , Fu Hao , Li Meng , Feng Zhen , Peng Zhongmin , Liang Zhen , Wang Hui 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundResearch on the impact of examined lymph node (ELN) count on node‐negative esophageal cancer (EC) especially pT1N0M0 EC is inadequate. This study was designed to analyze the prognostic impact of ELN count on pT1N0M0 EC.MethodsData of resected pT1N0M0 EC patients between 1988 and 2015 were extracted from the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The association between ELN count and overall survival (OS) or esophageal cancer‐specific survival (ECSS) were investigated. Factors that may predict the outcome were identified using the Kaplan‐Meier method and the Cox proportional‐hazards model.ResultsA total of 906 patients who underwent resection with at least one lymph node (LN) retrieved met our criteria. The cumulative 5‐year OS was 67.6%, while the cumulative 5‐year ECSS was 75.4%. X‐Tile analysis showed that 12 was the optimal cutoff value for ELN count in terms of both OS (χ2 = 28.764,P < 0.0001) and ECSS (χ2 = 15.668,P= 0.0026). A Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis and log‐rank comparison revealed that ELN > 12 was significantly associated with better OS (HR, 0.532; 95% CI, 0.421–0.672;P < 0.001) and ECSS (HR, 0.561; 95% CI, 0.420–0.749;P < 0.001) rates than ELN ≤12. The OS and ECSS benefit of increasing ELN count were also reflected in the multivariate analysis after adjustment for age, sex, race, marital status, location, T stage, tumor size, pathology, and differentiation.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that greater number of ELN count exhibits prognostic significance in pT1N0M0 EC. We recommend more than 12 LNs should be examined in pT1N0M0 EC.
BARDAISAN OF EDESSA AND MEMORIES OF CHRISTIAN PERSECUTION IN THE NEAR EAST
Authors: ANDRADE NATHANAEL 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAccording to Eusebius, the famous Edessene thinker Bardaisan wrote his work On Fate in a time of persecution and addressed it to a figure named Antoninus (HE 4.30). It is commonly surmised that this ‘Antoninus’ was a Roman emperor who sanctioned Christian persecution in some way. But scholars have varied in their interpretations. Some have identified this figure as Caracalla, who visited Edessa in 216–217. But since Eusebius situated Bardaisan's activity in the reign of Marcus Aurelius, he is often deemed to be the Antoninus in question. As this article surmises, the testimony of Eusebius and other late antique authors, like Epiphanius, reflect certain memories both of the integration of Edessa into the Roman provincial system under Caracalla and the social tensions that it raised. But largely due to Eusebius' narrative, late antique authors conceived of Marcus Aurelius as the ‘Antoninus’ to whom Bardaisan reportedly addressed On Fate and other apologetic work, and they created social memories of Bardaisan as a would-be confessor in a context of persecution.
Interactive Effects of Naturalistic Drinking Context and Alcohol Sensitivity on Neural Alcohol Cue‐Reactivity Responses
Authors: Martins Jorge S. , Bartholow Bruce D. , Cooper M. Lynne , Irvin Kelsey M. , Piasecki Thomas M. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundConsiderable evidence indicates that a low level of subjective response to alcohol's acute effects (i.e., low sensitivity) is associated with enhanced risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Recent work suggests that the highest risk response profile consists of blunted sensitivity to alcohol's sedation‐like effects, coupled with enhanced sensitivity to alcohol's stimulation‐like effects (i.e., differential sensitivity). A largely separate body of work indicates that enhanced reactivity to alcohol‐related cues is associated with increased AUD risk.AimsThe current research examined the extent to which variability in alcohol response phenotypes is associated with enhanced P3 event‐related potential (ERP) responses to alcohol‐related pictures (ACR‐P3), and whether this reactivity varies according to depicted drinking contexts.MethodsEighty young adults (aged 18 to 33 years) completed a self‐report measure of alcohol sensitivity (the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire) and viewed images depicting drinking in naturalistic contexts, alcohol and nonalcohol beverages in isolation (devoid of naturalistic drinking context), and neutral nonbeverage control images while ERPs were recorded.ResultsResults indicated that blunted sensitivity to alcohol's sedative‐like effects was differentially associated with enhanced ACR‐P3 but reduced P3 reactivity to nonalcohol cues. Variation in sensitivity to alcohol's stimulant‐like effects was not associated with differential ACR‐P3. Contrary to predictions, these effects were not potentiated by drinking contexts.ConclusionsThe current results replicate and extend previous work linking low alcohol sensitivity with enhanced incentive salience for alcohol‐related cues and suggest that cues depicting drinking contexts are less likely to differentiate high‐risk from low‐risk drinkers.
Chronic Ethanol Exposure Disrupts Lactate and Glucose Homeostasis and Induces Dysfunction of the Astrocyte–Neuron Lactate Shuttle in the Brain
Authors: Lindberg Daniel , Ho Ada Man Choi , Peyton Lee , Choi Doo‐Sup 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundImpairment of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)‐dependent astrocyte‐neuron lactate transfer disrupts long‐term memory and erases drug‐associated memories in mice. However, few studies have examined how drugs of abuse alter astrocyte‐neuron lactate transfer in neurocircuits related to addiction. This is particularly pertinent for ethanol (EtOH), which has been demonstrated to impair central nervious system (CNS) glucose uptake and significantly alter peripheral levels of glucose, lactate, acetate, and ketones.MethodsWe subjected C57BL/6J mice to a chronic intermittent EtOH (CIE) exposure paradigm to investigate how chronic EtOH exposure alters the concentration of glucose and lactate within the serum and CNS during withdrawal. Next, we determine how chronic injections of lactate (1 g/kg, twice daily for 2 weeks) influence central and peripheral glucose and lactate concentrations. Finally, we determine how CIE and chronic lactate injection affect astrocyte‐neuron lactate transfer by analyzing the expression of MCTs.ResultsOur results show that CIE induces lasting changes in CNS glucose and lactate concentrations, accompanied by increased expression of MCTs. Interestingly, although chronic lactate injection mimics the effect of EtOH on CNS metabolites, chronic lactate injection is not associated with increased expression of MCTs.ConclusionCIE increases CNS concentrations of glucose and lactate and augments the expression of MCTs. Although we found that chronic lactate injection mimics EtOH‐induced increases in CNS lactate and glucose, lactate failed to alter the expression of MCTs. This suggests that although lactate may influence the homeostasis of bioenergetic molecules in the CNS, EtOH‐associated increases in lactate are not responsible for increased MCT expression.
What Drives China's 2015 Stock Market Surges and Turmoil?
Authors: Wang Yang‐Chao , Tsai Jui‐Jung , Li Xiongwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUsing high‐frequency data, we investigate China's stock market surges and turmoil from 2014 to 2015 by employing GARCH family models to evaluate the effects of government policies, economic factors, and related announcements. The results indicate that China's stock market has primarily been driven by government policies rather than economic factors. During the period, the commentaries of the People's Daily further amplified the direction of market movements in the market surges and turmoil. In addition to individual policies and announcements, we explore the structural changes in volatility in different market stages and provide explanations for the distinct features of each stage.
Republican Freedom, Popular Control, and Collective Action
Authors: Ingham Sean , Lovett Frank 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRepublicans hold that people are dominated merely in virtue of others' having unconstrained abilities to frustrate their choices. They argue further that public officials may dominate citizens unless subject to popular control. Critics identify a dilemma. To maintain the possibility of popular control, republicans must attribute to the people an ability to control public officials merely in virtue of the possibility that they might coordinate their actions. But if the possibility of coordination suffices for attributing abilities to groups, then, even in the best case, countless groups will be dominating because it will be possible for their members to coordinate their actions with the aim of frustrating others' choices. We argue the dilemma is apparent only. To make our argument, we present a novel interpretation of the republican concept of domination with the help of a game‐theoretic model that clarifies the significance of collective action problems for republican theory.
Evaluation of gastric motility in nine dogs before and after prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy: a pilot study
Authors: Coleman KA , Boscan P , Ferguson L , Twedt D , Monnet E 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy on gastric motility in healthy large‐breed dogs.MethodsThis was a prospective pilot study with nine healthy client‐owned dogs. Each dog was its own control. Gastric motility was evaluated before and after laparoscopic gastropexy. Dogs were fed a standard diet three weeks before and after surgery. Gastric motility was measured before and 3 weeks after surgery. A wireless motility capsule (WMC) was used to measure gastric pH, intragastric pressure, temperature, frequency of contractions, motility index (MI) and transit time. Non‐parametric statistical analysis was used to compare the paired data. Clients were contacted for follow‐up information 2 years postoperatively.ResultsMedian frequency of gastric contractions was 1.3 (range, 0.6–1.9 contractions/min) before gastropexy and 1.0 (range, 0.3–2.6 contractions/min) after gastropexy (P = 0.820). Median MI was 49.2 (range, 23.7–96.6) before gastropexy and 28.1 (range, 12.2–148.9) after gastropexy (P = 0.652). Median gastric emptying time was 1140 (range, 486–1230 min) before gastropexy and 1110 (range, 306–2610 min) after gastropexy (P = 0.570). During the hour before the WMC passed through the pylorus, median MI was 72.2 (range, 48.2–549.3) before gastropexy and 52.9 (range, 15.20–322.8) after gastropexy (P = 0.734), and frequency of contractions was 1.1 (range, 0.9–4.1 contractions/min) before gastropexy and 1.2 (range, 0.5–3.0 contractions/min) after gastropexy (P = 0.652).ConclusionMotility in the stomach did not change in healthy dogs after prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy. We conclude that preventive laparoscopic gastropexy does not induce gastroparesis.
Monoterpenes modulating autophagy: A review study
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Ahmadi Zahra , Mohammadinejad Reza , Kaviyani Nasim , Tavakol Shima 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFrom the beginning of the 21st century, much attention has been made towards the medicinal herbs due to their low side effects and valuable biological activities. Among them, terpenes comprise a large group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that are considered as main components of flavours, antifeedants and pheromones. Monoterpenes have demonstrated a favourable profile as compounds that have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetic, hepatoprotective and anti‐tumour activities. On the other hand, autophagy is a ‘self‐digestion’ mechanism which plays a remarkable role in a number of pathological conditions such as cancer, ageing, metabolic disorders and infection. Also, autophagy is considered as a stress adaptor that may lead to apoptotic cell death under severe and sustained stress. Autophagy modulation is a promising strategy in cancer treatment, and a variety of drugs have been designed in line with this strategy. In the present MiniReview, we discuss the effects of monoterpenes on autophagy and its relationship with therapeutic impacts of monoterpenes.
Outcomes of synchronous systemic and central nervous system (CNS) involvement of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma are dictated by the CNS disease: a collaborative study of the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance
Authors: Wight Joel C. , Yue Mimi , Keane Colm , Johnston Anna , Linton Kim , Chin Collin , Wai Shin Hnin , Talaulikar Dipti , Gasiorowski Robin , Cheah Chan Yoon , Gregory Gareth P. , Dickinson Michael , Minson Adrian , Coombes Caitlin , Ku Matthew , Lam Stephanie , Hawkes Eliza A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryDe novo diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presenting with synchronous central nervous system (CNS) and systemic disease (synDLBCL) is not well described and is excluded from clinical trials. We performed a retrospective analysis of 80 synDLBCL patients treated across 10 Australian and UK centres. Of these patients, 96% had extranodal systemic disease. CNS‐directed treatment with combination intravenous cytarabine and high‐dose methotrexate (“CNS‐intensive”) (n = 38) was associated with favourable survival outcomes compared with “CNS‐conservative” strategies such as intravenous high‐dose methotrexate monotherapy, intrathecal therapy and/or radiotherapy (2‐year progression‐free survival [PFS] 50% vs. 31%, P = 0·006; 2‐year overall survival [OS] 54% vs. 44%, P = 0·037). Outcomes were primarily dictated by the ability to control the CNS disease, with 2‐year cumulative CNS relapse incidence of 42% and non‐CNS relapse 21%. Two‐year OS for CNS‐relapse patients was 13% vs. 36% for non‐CNS relapses (P = 0·02). Autologous stem cell transplantation as consolidation (n = 14) was not observed to improve survival in those patients who received CNS‐intensive induction when matched for induction outcomes (2‐year PFS 69% vs. 56%, P = 0·99; 2‐year OS 66% vs. 56%, P = 0·98). Hyperfractionated or infusional systemic treatment did not improve survival compared to R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) (2‐year OS 49% for both groups). Our study suggests that adequate control of the CNS disease is paramount and is best achieved by intensive CNS‐directed induction.
Salinomycin exerts anti‐colorectal cancer activity by targeting the β‐catenin/T‐cell factor complex
Authors: Wang Zhongyuan , Zhou Liang , Xiong Yanpeng , Yu Shubin , Li Huan , Fan Jiaoyang , Li Fan , Su Zijie , Song Jiaxing , Sun Qi , Liu Shan‐Shan , Xia Yuqing , Zhao Liang , Li Shiyue , Guo Fang , Huang Peng , Carson Dennis A. , Lu Desheng 
Published: June 2019

Background and PurposeSalinomycin is a well‐known inhibitor of human cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which salinomycin targets colorectal CSCs is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated underlying antitumour mechanisms of salinomycin in colorectal cancer cells and three tumour models.Experimental ApproachThe inhibitory effect of salinomycin on the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was analysed with the SuperTopFlash reporter system. The mRNA expression of Wnt target genes was evaluated with real‐time PCR. Effects of salinomycin on β‐catenin/TCF4E interaction were examined using co‐immunoprecipitation and an in vitro GST pull‐down assay. Cell proliferation was determined by BrdU incorporation and soft agar colony formation assay. The stemness of the cells was assessed by sphere formation assay. Antitumour effects of salinomycin on colorectal cancers was evaluated with colorectal CSC xenografts, APCmin/+ transgenic mice, and patient‐derived colorectal tumour xenografts.Key ResultsSalinomycin blocked β‐catenin/TCF4E complex formation in colorectal cancer cells and in an in vitro GST pull‐down assay, thus decreasing expression of Wnt target genes. Salinomycin also suppressed the transcriptional activity mediated by β‐catenin/LEF1 or β‐catenin/TCF4E complex and exhibited an inhibitory effect on the sphere formation, proliferation, and anchorage‐independent growth of colorectal cancer cells. In colorectal tumour xenografts and APCmin/+ transgenic mice, administration of salinomycin significantly reduced tumour growth and the expression of CSC‐related Wnt target genes including LGR5.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur study suggested that salinomycin could suppress the growth of colorectal cancer by disrupting the β‐catenin/TCF complex and thus may be a promising agent for colorectal cancer treatment.