bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic solid‐phase extraction of benzoylurea insecticides by Fe3O4 nanoparticles decorated with a hyper‐cross‐linked porous organic polymer
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Wu Juanjuan , Hao Lin , Wu Qiuhua , Wang Chun , Wang Zhi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA magnetic polytriphenylamine porous organic polymer was prepared through simple self‐polycondensation of triphenylamine followed by coprecipitation with Fe2+ and Fe3+. It was applied as a magnetic adsorbent for the extraction of six benzoylurea insecticides from tomato, cucumber, and watermelon samples before their high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectral detection. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the established method gave a low limit of detection ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 ng/g and a good linear response ranging from 0.2 to 40 ng/g with coefficients of determination >0.99. The method recoveries for spiked analytes at the concentrations of 3 and 15 ng/g in real samples were in the range of 87.7–106.7% with the relative standard deviations <6.4%. The results indicated that it had a good adsorption capability toward the target analytes due to the π‐stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. The polymer material showed great potential in the efficient extraction of organic compounds from real samples with complex matrixes.
Childhood Trauma and the Inability to Access Hospital Care Among People who Inject Drugs
Authors: Randhawa Gurdeeshpal , Azarbar Ataa , Dong Huiru , Milloy MJ , Kerr Thomas , Hayashi Kanna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChildhood traumatic experiences can disrupt attachment, influence personality development, and precipitate chronic disease. Although the repercussions of these experiences may also pose a barrier to healthcare, few studies have examined the association between childhood trauma and access to healthcare. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether a history of childhood trauma is associated with self‐reported inability to access hospital care among persons who inject drugs (PWID). Data were derived from two prospective cohorts of PWID in Vancouver, Canada. We used multivariable generalized estimating equations to examine associations between five types of childhood trauma and self‐reported inability to access hospital care, both overall and specifically due to perceived mistreatment by hospital staff. In total, 300 participants (18.3%) reported having tried but being unable to access hospital care in the previous 6 months at some point during the study period; the primary reason was perceived mistreatment by hospital staff (32.1%). In multivariable analyses, childhood emotional abuse was independently associated with self‐reported inability to access hospital care, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.51, 95% CI [1.03, 2.20]. Childhood physical neglect was also independently associated with inability to access care due to perceived mistreatment by hospital staff, AOR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.11, 2.93]. This suggests potentially damaging consequences of early trauma in adult PWID populations. Further, this study emphasizes the need for trauma‐informed models of care as well as the need to improve therapeutic alliances with survivors of childhood trauma in the PWID population.
In‐Band Noise Filtering via Spatio‐Spectral Coupling
Authors: Wang Jing , Ma Jingui , Yuan Peng , Tang Daolong , Xie Guoqiang , Qian Liejia , Wise Frank W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNoise is a fundamental and ubiquitous problem in optics, and only those out of the signal bandwidth can be filtrated away by traditional spectral filters. This paper presents an in‐band noise filtering scheme where the ultrafast signal is controlled by spatio‐spectral coupling such that the signal and its in‐band noise can be separated in the spatio‐spectral domain. As an example of its impact on ultra‐intense lasers, this filter is applied to show that the noise produced in chirped‐pulse amplification can be efficiently filtrated within the signal bandwidth. Near‐noiseless amplification of pulses with contrast as high as 1011 is demonstrated in a high‐gain optical parametric chirped‐pulse amplifier, resulting in approximately 40 times enhancement in output contrast. The simplicity, efficiency, and direct compatibility with existing techniques for short‐pulse generation will make in‐band filtering attractive to a wide range of applications in ultrafast optics and time‐resolved spectroscopy.
Pro: Steroids Can Be Withdrawn After Transplant in Recipients With Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Kalra Avash , Burton James R. , Forman Lisa M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Corticosteroids have been a mainstay of immunosuppression following liver transplantation. However, evolution in the field of transplant immunology has produced steroid‐free options, resulting in most transplant centers weaning steroids after transplant within days to months—an evidence‐based management decision. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), however, receive corticosteroids prior to transplant. This raises the question of whether these patients should also be weaned from corticosteroids. In this review, we discuss the benefits of avoiding steroid use in this population of patients—an approach that not only avoids the adverse effects of corticosteroids but does so without risking graft failure from recurrent AIH or from acute cellular rejection.
A PSS‐Free PEDOT Conductive Film Supported by a Hierarchical Nanoporous Layer Glass
Authors: Fujima Takuya , Uchiyama Kentaro , Yasumoro Keita , Ito Takumi , Tabata Erika 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe importance of transparent conductive film is increasing due to its use in applications such as touch‐panel devices. Although indium tin oxide is widely used because of its high conductivity and transparency, conductive polymers are being studied as alternative materials that avoid the use of rare metals and the brittleness associated with existing systems. Polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT)/polyethylene sulfonic acid (PSS) is drawing a lot of attention due to its well‐balanced conductivity, transparency, film formability, and chemical stability. The nonconductive PSS reportedly covers the conductive PEDOT. The PSS shell provides carrier and film‐formability to PEDOT but is also a barrier that hinders electrical conductivity. Therefore, the PEDOT film formability is explored supported by a substrate without the addition of PSS. The “hierarchical nanoporous layer glass” holds the PSS‐free PEDOT with its nanopores to form a homogeneous, transparent film. The PSS‐free PEDOT film thus achieves transparency of over 85% and resistivity of below 500 Ω sq−1.
Engineering optimization based on dynamic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution fitness: Application to unmanned aerial vehicle wing airfoil geometry definition
Authors: Ceruti Alessandro , Fiorini Tommaso , Boggi Stefano , Mischi Lorenzo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractModern engineering requires finding an optimal trade‐off point among conflicting requirements that must be satisfied to reach the end user's satisfaction. One of the most challenging problems in multidisciplinary optimization is to find a fitness function that can best translate what the designer really aims to obtain. In this paper, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is coupled to a fitness function based on the definition of a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) in order to obtain a new algorithm called PSOTOP. The fitness of a candidate solution is found by comparing its attributes to those of an “ideal best” and “ideal worst” solution, which is dynamically updated at each iteration of the algorithm. The advantage of this solution is that the fitness allows combining attributes of different magnitude and measurement units in an effective way; this approach can be applied to whatsoever optimization problem in engineering, economics, medicine, and statistics. This paper presents a case study dealing with the optimal design of an airfoil to be adopted on the wing of an unmanned air vehicle to support civil protection operations in order to show how this strategy can impact the design of a complex product. The main limitation of this approach relates to the fact that the user must possess a good knowledge of the specific problem to be solved in order to set proper ranges for design parameters and attributes' weight in the fitness evaluation.
A Catechol‐Type Resveratrol Analog Manifests Antiangiogenic Action by Constructing an Efficient Catalytic Redox Cycle with Intracellular Copper Ions and NQO1
Authors: Wang Yi‐Hua , Dai Fang , Zhou Bo 
Published: June 2018

ScopeAs part of our research project to understand why dietary polyphenols with the catechol skeleton tend to exhibit cancer chemopreventive activity, a catechol‐type resveratrol analog (3,4‐dihydroxy‐trans‐stilbene [3,4‐DHS]) was selected to probe its antiangiogenic effects and mechanisms.Methods and resultsThe antiangiogenic effects of 3,4‐DHS on angiogenesis‐related endothelial cell functions were examined, including migration, invasion, and tube formation, and in vivo angiogenesis on a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. The potential molecular mechanisms for the suppression of cell migration by 3,4‐DHS were analyzed using various specific inhibitors. 3,4‐DHS was identified as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor by constructing an efficient catalytic redox cycle with intracellular copper ions and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase I to generate reactive oxygen species and thereby downregulate matrix metalloproteinase‐9.ConclusionThis work provides further evidence that dietary catechols manifest antiangiogenic activity by virtue of their copper‐dependent prooxidative instead of antioxidative role, and useful information for designing polyphenol‐inspired angiogenesis inhibitors.
A unified CFD‐DEM approach for modeling of debris flow impacts on flexible barriers
Authors: Li Xingyue , Zhao Jidong 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a unified modeling framework to investigate the impacts of debris flow on flexible barriers, based on coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD‐DEM). We consider a debris flow as a mixture of fluid and particles where the fluid and particle phases are modeled by the CFD and the DEM, respectively. The fluid‐particle coupling is considered by the exchange of interaction forces between CFD and DEM calculations. The flexible barrier is simulated by the DEM as a network of bonded particles with remote interactions. The proposed coupled CFD‐DEM approach enables us to conveniently handle the complicated three‐way interactions among the fluid, the particles, and the flexible barrier structure for debris flow impact simulations. The proposed approach is first used to investigate the influences of channel inclination and the volumetric solid fraction in a debris mixture on the impact force, the resultant deformation, and the retained mass in a flexible barrier. The predictions agree well with existing experimental and numerical studies. We further examine the possible failure modes of a flexible barrier under debris flow impact and their underlying mechanisms. The performance of different components in a flexible barrier system, including single wires, double twists and cables, and their load sharing mechanisms, are carefully evaluated. The proposed unified framework offers a novel, promising pathway towards physically based, quantitative analysis and design of flexible barriers for debris flow mitigation.
Inventory policies for two products under Poisson demand: Interaction between demand substitution, limited storage capacity and replenishment time uncertainty
Authors: Burnetas Apostolos , Kanavetas Odysseas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe consider a two‐product inventory system with independent Poisson demands, limited joint storage capacity and partial demand substitution. Replenishment is performed simultaneously for both products and the replenishment time may be fixed or exponentially distributed. For both cases we develop a Continuous Time Markov Chain model for the inventory levels and derive expressions for the expected profit per unit time. We establish analytic expressions for the profit function and show that it satisfies decreasing differences properties in the order quantities, which allows for a more efficient algorithm to determine the optimal ordering policy. Using computational experiments, we assess the effect of substitution and replenishment time uncertainty on the order quantities and the profit as a function of the storage capacity.
Methods of Enteral Nutrition Administration in Critically Ill Patients: Continuous, Cyclic, Intermittent, and Bolus Feeding
Authors: Ichimaru Satomi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere are several methods of enteral nutrition (EN) administration, including continuous, cyclic, intermittent, and bolus techniques, which can be used either alone or in combination. Continuous feeding involves hourly administration of EN over 24 hours assisted by a feeding pump; cyclic feeding involves administration of EN over a time period of <24 hours generally assisted by a feeding pump; intermittent feeding involves administration of EN over 20–60 minutes every 4–6 hours via pump assist or gravity assist; and bolus feeding involves administration of EN over a 4‐ to 10‐minute period using a syringe or gravity drip. In practice, pump‐assisted continuous feeding is generally acceptable for critically ill patients to prevent EN‐related complications. However, a limited number of studies have been conducted to support this practice. In addition, regarding muscle protein synthesis and gastrointestinal hormone secretion, intermittent or bolus feeding may be more beneficial than continuous EN feeding for critically ill patients. For medically stable patients with feeding tubes terminating in the stomach, bolus feeding is favored with respect to practical factors, such as cost, convenience, and patient mobility. However, few studies have shown whether intermittent or bolus feeding is beneficial in a critical care setting at present. Additional randomized controlled studies comparing intermittent with bolus feeding are required.
Generalized information reuse for optimization under uncertainty with non‐sample average estimators
Authors: Cook Laurence W. , Jarrett Jerome P. , Willcox Karen E. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn optimization under uncertainty for engineering design, the behavior of the system outputs due to uncertain inputs needs to be quantified at each optimization iteration, but this can be computationally expensive. Multifidelity techniques can significantly reduce the computational cost of Monte Carlo sampling methods for quantifying the effect of uncertain inputs, but existing multifidelity techniques in this context apply only to Monte Carlo estimators that can be expressed as a sample average, such as estimators of statistical moments. Information reuse is a particular multifidelity method that treats previous optimization iterations as lower fidelity models. This work generalizes information reuse to be applicable to quantities whose estimators are not sample averages. The extension makes use of bootstrapping to estimate the error of estimators and the covariance between estimators at different fidelities. Specifically, the horsetail matching metric and quantile function are considered as quantities whose estimators are not sample averages. In an optimization under uncertainty for an acoustic horn design problem, generalized information reuse demonstrated computational savings of over 60% compared with regular Monte Carlo sampling.
Higher‐order modal transformation for reduced‐order modeling of linear systems undergoing global parametric variations
Authors: Kim T. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPreviously, a novel parametric reduced‐order model technique for linear systems was developed based on a frequency‐domain formulation and the so‐called modally equivalent perturbed system. The main advantage of the scheme is that it isolates all the perturbed matrices into a forcing term, allowing for a simple and powerful analysis based on the ordinary differential equation with the forcing input. It was shown that when the parameter variation is limited to a finite dimension, it yields exceptionally accurate reduced‐order models for a wide range of parameter values. In this paper, the original method is improved to cover a larger‐dimensional domain and the global domain of the variation by adding higher‐order terms in the formulation. It is shown that when expressed in powers of incremental matrices, the new formula resembles a well‐known series expansion. The improved parametric reduced‐order model is demonstrated for a computational fluid dynamics model of unsteady air flow around a two‐dimensional airfoil in subsonic flows with Mach variation.
Immunotherapy for osteosarcoma: Where do we go from here?
Authors: Wedekind Mary F. , Wagner Lars M. , Cripe Timothy P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor in children and young adults, with few advances in survival and treatment, especially for metastatic disease, in the last 30 years. Recently, immunotherapy has begun to show promise in various adult cancers, but the utility of this approach for osteosarcoma remains relatively unexplored. In this review, we outline the mechanisms and status of immunotherapies currently in clinical trials as well as future therapies on the horizon, and discuss their potential application for osteosarcoma.
Olive ingestion causing a false suspicion of relapsed neuroblastoma: A case of “oliveblastoma?”
Authors: Flynn Nick , LeFebvre Amanda , Messahel Boo , Hogg Sarah L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMeasurement of the urine catecholamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) are the standard method for detecting disease recurrence in neuroblastoma. We present a case of abnormal concentrations of catecholamine metabolites that prompted investigations for relapsed neuroblastoma. However, further study revealed that the abnormal biochemistry was likely due to ingestion of olives. Olive ingestion should be considered when interpreting urine HVA and VMA results, and excluded if concentrations are unexpectedly abnormal.
Use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hicks Blánaid , Friis Søren , Pottegård Anton 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposePreclinical studies have suggested that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase pancreatic cancer risk; however, epidemiological studies are few, with conflicting results. This spurred us to evaluate whether PPI use is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in a large population‐based study.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide case‐control study using data from Danish demographic and health care registries. All patients with a first cancer diagnosis of pancreatic cancer between 2000 and 2015 were identified from the Danish Cancer Registry and age‐matched, sex‐matched, and calendar‐matched 1:20 to population controls using risk set sampling. Conditional logistic regression was applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pancreatic cancer associated with PPI use, adjusting for potential confounders. Secondary analyses examined dose‐response patterns and associations with individual PPIs as well as with histamine‐2‐receptor antagonists.ResultsEver use of PPIs occurred among 27.8% of 6921 pancreatic cancer cases and 25.4% of 34 695 matched controls, yielding a neutral adjusted OR of 1.04 (95% CI 0.97‐1.11). Odds ratios were also close to unity in analyses of high use of PPIs (≥1000 DDDs; OR, 0.92 95% CI 0.80‐1.07). There was no evidence of a dose‐response relationship, with ORs close to unity across categories, including for those with the highest cumulative use (>2000 DDDs; OR, 1.03 95% CI 0.84‐1.26). Analyses of subgroups as well as individual types of PPI and of histamine‐2‐receptor antagonists use also returned neutral associations.ConclusionsIn this large nationwide case‐control study, PPI use was not associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.
Efficiency increased to 15.2% for ultra‐thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells
Authors: Mansfield Lorelle M. , Kanevce Ana , Harvey Steven P. , Bowers Karen , Beall Carolyn , Glynn Stephen , Repins Ingrid L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe improved the efficiency of ultra‐thin (0.49‐μm‐thick) Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells to 15.2% (officially measured). To achieve these results, we modified growth conditions from the 3‐stage process but did not add post‐deposition treatments or additional material layers. The increase in device efficiency is attributed to a steeper Ga gradient in the CIGS with higher Ga content near the Mo back contact, which can hinder electron‐hole recombination at the interface. We discuss device measurements and film characterization for ultra‐thin CIGS. Modeling is presented that shows the route to even higher efficiencies for devices with CIGS thicknesses of 0.5 μm.
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 52)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Hishikawa Yoshihiro , Dunlop Ewan D. , Levi Dean H. , Hohl‐Ebinger Jochen , Ho‐Baillie Anita W.Y. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since January 2018 are reviewed.
Impact of air‐light exposure on the electrical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells
Authors: Hölscher Torsten , Schneider Thomas , Maiberg Matthias , Scheer Roland 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe impact of air‐light exposure of bare Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layers is investigated by measuring the performance of completed solar cells. Solar cells formed from air‐light–exposed absorbers reveal inferior cell parameters by about 10% regarding open circuit voltage, fill factor, and efficiency compared with cells from nonilluminated absorbers. Time‐dependent and temperature‐dependent open circuit voltage measurements give reasons that the solar cell impairment by air‐light exposure of the bare absorbers is due to interface recombination. Interface states are detected by admittance spectroscopy. Heat‐light soaking of complete solar cells—having formerly degraded interfaces—recovers the solar cell parameters up to the nondegraded levels. Paradoxically, both the air‐light–induced degradation of bare absorbers and the revision of cell parameters after light annealing go along with a light‐induced segregation of sodium at the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 surface and Cu(In,Ga)Se2/CdS interface, respectively.
Detection and follow‐up reactions of distonic β,β‐dimesityl enol radical cations containing nitrogen heterocyclic bases
Authors: Cinar M. Emin , Lal Mukul , Deiseroth Hans‐Jörg , Schlirf Jens , Schmittel Michael 
Published: June 2018

Abstractβ,β‐Dimesityl enols E2‐E4 containing various nitrogen heterocyclic bases in the α‐position were investigated by laser flash photolytic oxidation and density functional theory in order to identify distonic enol radical cations in solution and characterize their immediate follow‐up reactions. Enol E1 with a tert‐butyl group in the α‐position served as a reference. Experimental and computational efforts reveal that one‐electron oxidation of enol E1 furnishes the enol radical cation, whereas oxidation of E2‐E4 provides distonic radical cations in solution. While the distonic radical cations of E2‐E3 undergo intermolecular acid‐base reactions, the distonic radical cation of E4 experiences an intramolecular hydrogen abstraction followed by subsequent ring closure and ring‐opening steps. As a final product on the laser flash photolysis time scale, the rearranged radical cation E4d‐R is generated that is characterized by a dimesitylmethyl radical subunit.