bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XVII.—Contributions to the Knowledge of Zosterophyllum myretonianum Penhallow from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Angus
Authors: Lele K. M. , Walton J. 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisWell-preserved compression material of Zosterophyllum myretonianum Penhallow from the Lower Old Eed Sandstone in Angus has yielded additional information about the structure of this plant, one of the earliest known types of vascular land plants. It is the earliest plant in which the structure of the epidermal cuticle, stomata and complete tracheids has been clearly demonstrated. The basal regions of the plant are found to consist of branching axes some with arrested or dormant side branches. Simple dichotomy into two equal and similarly orientated branches is rare. H-type branching and some modifications of it are of frequent occurrence in the basal region of the plant. Parts of this region of the plant have no stomata although a cuticle was present. The upright fertile axes rarely branched.
Two‐Dimensional Thermal Modeling of the Philippine Sea Plate Subduction in Central Japan: Implications for Gap of Low‐Frequency Earthquakes and Tectonic Tremors
Authors: Suenaga Nobuaki , Yoshioka Shoichi , Matsumoto Takumi , Manea Vlad C. , Manea Marina , Ji Yingfeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe performed 2‐D high‐resolution thermomechanical numerical simulations associated with subduction of the Philippine Sea (PHS) plate in central Japan, where a well‐defined gap of low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) and tectonic tremors (TTs) is observed. We investigate the complex relationships among megathrust earthquakes, LFEs, TTs, and interplate temperature distributions and dehydrations caused by phase transformations of hydrous mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) of the oceanic crust and ultramafic rock of the slab mantle. Our models predict a temperature range of 480–600 °C corresponding to both active LFEs and TTs regions and their gap region located on the upper surface of the PHS plate. A moderate amount of fluids (<0.8 wt%) is released due to phase transformations of the hydrous MORB near the thermally estimated seismogenic zone on the upper surface of the PHS plate. Hydrous MORB was found to transform from greenschist to epidote amphibole, releasing a small amount of fluids (>0.3 wt%) near the belt‐like form regions of LFEs and TTs. We found that the total amount of dehydrated water near the active region of LFEs and TTs is larger than that near the gap of LFEs and TTs. Our modeling results show that this difference stems from the presence of the phase transformation from epidote amphibole to eclogite in the former, and it may play a significant role for the occurrence of LFEs and TTs. The difference in the amount of released fluid between the active and gap regions of LFEs and TTs may be related to their generation mechanism.
Subsurface Characterization of the Pennsylvanian Clare Basin, Western Ireland, by Means of Joint Interpretation of Electromagnetic Geophysical Data and Well‐Log Data
Authors: Campanyà Joan , Ogaya Xènia , Jones Alan G. , Rath Volker , McConnell Brian , Haughton Peter D.W. , Ledo Juanjo , Hogg Colin , Blake Sarah , Licciardi Andrea 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe integration of passive electromagnetic geophysical data and well‐log data for basin characterization and interpretation has been investigated in the Clare Basin, western Ireland. The Clare Basin is overmature and has a clear contrast in electrical resistivity between the Clare Shale Formation, a widespread organic rich shale unit, and the surrounding stratigraphy. The electrical resistivity distribution beneath the Clare Basin was determined by means of three‐dimensional (3‐D) joint inversion of three distinct and differently sensitive electromagnetic parameters: (1) the MT impedance tensor (Z), (2) the geomagnetic transfer function (T), and (3) the interstation horizontal magnetic transfer function (H). Well‐log data from a local exploration well, Doonbeg‐1, were analyzed by means of multivariate statistical methods identifying three groups with distinct resistivity values. The groups were propagated along the basin using the 3‐D electrical resistivity model, showing those regions in the basin with significant organic content at high maturity stage. The lack of continuity of these regions supports the hypothesis of advective fluid heating as the cause of the high maturity levels. The results also help to define the geometry of the basin at depth and have identified an area within the basin, near the Loop Head, where organic‐rich clay/shale is either poorly developed, and/or the organic matter is less mature and less conductive. Finally, the potential of the basin for both CO2 storage and geothermal energy was considered, supporting the use of the Clare Basin as a potential site for geothermal energy but not for the storage of CO2.
A Cellular Automata Fast Flood Evaluation (CA‐ffé) Model
Authors: Jamali Behzad , Bach Peter M. , Cunningham Luke , Deletic Ana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe simulation speed of two‐dimensional hydrodynamic flood models is a limiting factor when catchments are large, a considerable number of simulations is required (e.g., exploratory modeling, Monte‐Carlo flood simulations, or predicting probabilistic flood maps), or when there is a need for real‐time flood emergency management. Rapid Flood Models (RFMs) that rely only on topographic depressions and the water balance equation have been successfully implemented to predict maximum urban flood inundation depths within seconds to a few minutes. However, the preprocessing step (identification of depressions and their attributes) and the postprocessing step (marking up possible flow paths of flood water in between flooded depressions) of RFMs is time consuming. In this study, we developed a new fast flood inundation model based on the cellular automata (CA) approach. The new model does not require the preprocessing and postprocessing steps of RFMs and therefore can provide more simulation speed. The performance of our new model, referred to as Cellular Automata fast flood evaluation (CA‐ffé), was compared to two well‐known hydrodynamic flood models (HEC‐RAS and TUFLOW) in 20 simulation experiments conducted in five different urban subcatchments. CA‐ffé predicted maximum inundation depth with reasonable accuracy in a matter of seconds to a few minutes for a single rainfall event simulation. The CA‐ffé model performed exceptionally well in areas with low‐lying depressions. However, in areas where floodwaters had higher momentum and velocity, the model usually was not able to estimate inundation depths calculated by HEC‐RAS or TUFLOW. CA‐ffé's key drawback is also its inability to represent the temporal evolution of flooding and flow velocities. Nevertheless, its ability to provide spatial flood extents and depths in a fraction of the time compared to its hydrodynamic counterparts is a significant advancement toward exploratory approaches for water systems planning, model‐based predictive control, and real‐time flood management.
Quantifying Regional Fresh Submarine Groundwater Discharge With the Lumped Modeling Approach CoCa‐RFSGD
Authors: Hajati Mithra‐Christin , Sutanudjaja Edwin , Moosdorf Nils 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFresh Submarine Groundwater Discharge (FSGD) has been increasingly recognized as a fresh water resource and potential path for pollutants to the ocean. Since directly measuring FSGD requires great effort and is currently only feasible at local scale, we developed the regional transient water balance model Coastal Catchment Regional FSGD (CoCa‐RFSGD) to calculate daily FSGD at long stretches of coastlines. The conceptualization of the model takes into account the main processes between soil and aquifer, and, depending on the research question, in situ data, as well as anthropogenic processes, can be added to the water balance. It provides daily FSGD per coastal catchment. Within this model, FSGD is the precipitation surplus of the catchment area minus surface runoff, which highly correlates with the top soil water‐holding capacity and less with soil hydraulic conductivities. The model uses the island of Java, Indonesia, as an example. Java generates a total FSGD of 15.27 km3/a. Extrapolating the identified correlation of top soil water‐holding capacity and precipitation surplus on FSGD to the world highlights Indonesia, Vietnam, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Columbia as potential FSGD hot spots. Using mean global aquifer hydraulic conductivities might underestimate the seasonal variation of FSGD on Java. The model can be applied anywhere in the world to locate regional FSGD hot spots without obtaining in situ data, because it can run solely with global data sets. Hence, it is especially feasible for the locations mentioned. Furthermore, FSGD studies can be supplemented with this model by upscaling point measurements of FSGD to a full year.
Statistical Significance of Precursory Gravity Changes Before the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake
Authors: Wang Lei , Burgmann Roland 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is of paramount importance to independently assess the spatiotemporal uniqueness of a proposed regional precursor initiated a few months before the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. The precursor has been inferred from GRACE‐derived gravitational gradient changes and has been interpreted as a large‐scale aseismic movement of the subducting plate along the Japan Trench. We design a hypothesis test, which enables the rigorous assessment of the statistical significance of short‐term gradient anomalies at any time in any place and the quantitative comparison of the resolved anomalies with the proposed precursory signal. We find that the proposed precursory changes are not statistically unique either in time or in space. Therefore, the precursor cannot be attributed to the proposed dynamic acceleration of the subduction process. Instead, such transient features more likely represent temporally correlated GRACE observation errors or signals associated with other processes.
Bay Breeze and Sea Breeze Circulation Impacts on the Planetary Boundary Layer and Air Quality From an Observed and Modeled DISCOVER‐AQ Texas Case Study
Authors: Caicedo V. , Rappenglueck B. , Cuchiara G. , Flynn J. , Ferrare R. , Scarino A. J. , Berkoff T. , Senff C. , Langford A. , Lefer B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe role of the sea/bay breeze in the planetary boundary layer evolution and air quality during a high ozone event day in the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER‐AQ) Texas 2013 campaign was examined. Data from surface air quality monitoring network stations, airborne lidar data, and additional ground‐based lidar instrumentation deployed during the campaign allowed for a unique three‐dimensional spatial and temporal study of the progression of both meteorological and air quality conditions in the Houston‐Galveston regions on 25 September 2013. The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry model was used to examine the relationship of the land and bay/sea breeze circulations and its influence on air quality during the case study. Comparisons between observations and simulations revealed the largest discrepancies near the Galveston Bay shore areas where the highly localized ozone concentrations were observed and were linked to the strength and timing of the bay/sea breeze progression. Additionally, results indicate vertical downmixing from the remnants of the nighttime residual layer during morning hours into the convective boundary layer and from the lofted offshore return flow into the subjacent bay breeze flow.
Nanosecond mid-infrared pulse generation via modulated thermal emissivity
Authors: Xiao Yuzhe , Charipar Nicholas A. , Salman Jad , Piqué Alberto , Kats Mikhail A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate the generation of nanosecond mid-infrared pulses via fast modulation of thermal emissivity enabled by the absorption of visible pump pulses in unpatterned silicon and gallium arsenide. The free-carrier dynamics in these materials result in nanosecond-scale modulation of thermal emissivity, which leads to nanosecond pulsed thermal emission. To our knowledge, the nanosecond thermal-emissivity modulation in this work is three orders of magnitude faster than what has been previously demonstrated. We also indirectly observed subnanosecond thermal pulses from hot carriers in semiconductors. The experiments are well described by our multiphysics model. Our method of converting visible pulses into the mid infrared using modulated emissivity obeys different scaling laws and can have significant wavelength tunability compared to approaches based on conventional nonlinearities.
Increased levels of midbrain immune-related transcripts in schizophrenia and in murine offspring after maternal immune activation
Authors: Purves-Tyson Tertia D. , Weber-Stadlbauer Ulrike , Richetto Juliet , Rothmond Debora A , Labouesse Marie A. , Polesel Marcello , Robinson Kate , Shannon Weickert Cynthia , Meyer Urs 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe pathophysiology of dopamine dysregulation in schizophrenia involves alterations at the ventral midbrain level. Given that inflammatory mediators such as cytokines influence the functional properties of midbrain dopamine neurons, midbrain inflammation may play a role in schizophrenia by contributing to presynaptic dopamine abnormalities. Thus, we quantified inflammatory markers in dopaminergic areas of the midbrain of people with schizophrenia and matched controls. We also measured these markers in midbrain of mice exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy, an established risk factor for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. We found diagnostic increases in SERPINA3, TNFα, IL1β, IL6, and IL6ST transcripts in schizophrenia compared with controls (p < 0.02–0.001). The diagnostic differences in these immune markers were accounted for by a subgroup of schizophrenia cases (~ 45%, 13/28) showing high immune status. Consistent with the human cohort, we identified increased expression of immune markers in the midbrain of adult MIA offspring (SERPINA3, TNFα, and IL1β mRNAs, all p ≤ 0.01), which was driven by a subset of MIA offspring (~ 40%, 13/32) with high immune status. There were no diagnostic (human cohort) or group-wise (mouse cohort) differences in cellular markers indexing the density and/or morphology of microglia or astrocytes, but an increase in the transcription of microglial and astrocytic markers in schizophrenia cases and MIA offspring with high inflammation. These data demonstrate that immune-related changes in schizophrenia extend to dopaminergic areas of the midbrain and exist in the absence of changes in microglial cell number, but with putative evidence of microglial and astrocytic activation in the high immune subgroup. MIA may be one of the contributing factors underlying persistent neuroimmune changes in the midbrain of people with schizophrenia.
Effects of the resistant starch on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and lipid parameters in overweight or obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yong , Chen Jing , Song Ying-Han , Zhao Rui , Xia Lin , Chen Yi , Cui Ya-Ping , Rao Zhi-Yong , Zhou Yong , Zhuang Wen , Wu Xiao-Ting 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
The role of resistant starch (RS) in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance or sensitivity, and lipid parameters have been reported in several studies and remained controversial. A pooled analysis which assessed these parameters has not been performed. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to sum up existing evidence about the issue.

Methods
We searched in MEDLINE and PUBMED for studies that were published before November 2018. Meta-analysis of diabetics and nondiabetics trials were performed by use of a random-effects model.

Results
A total of 13 case–control studies that included 428 subjects with body mass index ≥25 were identified. RS supplementation reduced fasting insulin in overall and stratified (diabetics and nondiabetics trials) analysis (SMD = –0.72; 95% CI: –1.13 to –0.31; SMD = –1.26; 95% CI: –1.66 to –0.86 and SMD = –0.64; 95% CI: –1.10 to –0.18, respectively), and reduced fasting glucose in overall and stratified analysis for diabetic trials (SMD = –0.26; 95% CI: –0.5 to –0.02 and SMD = –0.28; 95% CI: –0.54 to –0.01, respectively). RS supplementation increased HOMA-S% (SMD = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.59–1.78) and reduced HOMA-B (SMD =–1.2; 95% CI: –1.64 to –0.77), LDL-c concentration (SMD =–0.35; 95% CI: –0.61 to −0.09), and HbA1c (SMD = –0.43; 95% CI: –0.74 to –0.13) in overall analysis.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis has provided evidence that RS supplementation can improve fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity, especially for diabetic with overweight or obesity. However, owing to potential sophistication, individual difference and composition of intestinal microbiota, this result should be carefully taken into account.
Overexpression of zinc finger protein 384 (ZNF 384), a poor prognostic predictor, promotes cell growth by upregulating the expression of Cyclin D1 in Hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Lifeng , Fan Xiaoxiao , Li Yirun , Chen Mingming , Cui Bin , Chen Guoqiao , Dai Yili , Zhou Daizhan , Hu Xiaotong , Lin Hui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous, multigene-driven malignant tumor. ZNF384 is an overexpressed gene with a high frequency of alteration in HCC, but research on the function of ZNF384 in HCC is lacking. In this study, the expression level of ZNF384 in HCC was analyzed through immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. We also generated ZNF384 knockdown and knockout HCC cell lines using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CRISPR/Cas9 systems. MTS, colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays; flow cytometry; and a xenograft mouse model were used to evaluate the effects of ZNF384 on cell proliferation. Western blot analysis, a dual luciferase reporter assay and a ChIP assay were performed to explore the potential mechanism. We found that overexpression of ZNF384 in HCC and elevated expression of ZNF384 in HCC tissues was significantly correlated with tumor recurrence (P = 0.0097). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that high expression levels of ZNF384 were correlated with poor overall survival (P = 0.0386). Downregulation of ZNF384 expression suppressed HCC cell proliferation by inhibiting the expression of Cyclin D1. These findings suggest that ZNF384 tends to act as an oncogene in the development of HCC. ZNF384 promotes the proliferation of HCC cells by directly upregulating the expression of Cyclin D1 and might serve as a prognostic predictive factor for HCC patients.
Spatiotemporal coordination of trophoblast and allantoic Rbpj signaling directs normal placental morphogenesis
Authors: Lu Jinhua , Wu Weiwei , Xin Qiliang , Zhou Chan , Wang Jianqi , Ni Zhangli , Liu Dong , Xu Yingchun , Yu Yongqin , Yang Ningjie , Sun Yang , He Bo , Kong Shuangbo , Wang Shumin , Wang Chao , Wang Haibin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe placenta, responsible for the nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and fetus, is pivotal for successful pregnancy. It has been shown that Rbpj, the core transcriptional mediator of Notch signaling pathway, is required for normal placentation in mice. However, it remains largely unclear how Rbpj signaling in different placental compartments coordinates with other important regulators to ensure normal placental morphogenesis. In this study, we found that systemic deletion of Rbpj led to abnormal chorioallantoic morphogenesis and defective trophoblast differentiation in the ectoplacental cone (EPC). Employing mouse models with selective deletion of Rbpj in the allantois versus trophoblast, combining tetraploid aggregation assay, we demonstrated that allantois-expressed Rbpj is essential for chorioallantoic attachment and subsequent invagination of allantoic blood vessels into the chorionic ectoderm. Further studies uncovered that allantoic Rbpj regulates chorioallantoic fusion and morphogenesis via targeting Vcam1 in a Notch-dependent manner. Meanwhile, we also revealed that trophoblast-expressed Rbpj in EPC facilitates Mash2’s transcriptional activity, promoting the specification of Tpbpα-positive trophoblasts, which differentiate into trophoblast subtypes responsible for interstitial and endovascular invasion at the later stage of placental development. Collectively, our study further shed light on the molecular network governing placental development and functions, highlighting the necessity of a spatiotemporal coordination of Rbpj signaling for normal placental morphogenesis.
Hydrothermal vents trigger massive phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Ardyna Mathieu , Lacour Léo , Sergi Sara , d’Ovidio Francesco , Sallée Jean-Baptiste , Rembauville Mathieu , Blain Stéphane , Tagliabue Alessandro , Schlitzer Reiner , Jeandel Catherine , Arrigo Kevin Robert , Claustre Hervé 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHydrothermal activity is significant in regulating the dynamics of trace elements in the ocean. Biogeochemical models suggest that hydrothermal iron might play an important role in the iron-depleted Southern Ocean by enhancing the biological pump. However, the ability of this mechanism to affect large-scale biogeochemistry and the pathways by which hydrothermal iron reach the surface layer have not been observationally constrained. Here we present the first observational evidence of upwelled hydrothermally influenced deep waters stimulating massive phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean. Captured by profiling floats, two blooms were observed in the vicinity of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, downstream of active hydrothermal vents along the Southwest Indian Ridge. These hotspots of biological activity are supported by mixing of hydrothermally sourced iron stimulated by flow-topography interactions. Such findings reveal the important role of hydrothermal vents on surface biogeochemistry, potentially fueling local hotspot sinks for atmospheric CO2 by enhancing the biological pump.
Scaling growth rates for perovskite oxide virtual substrates on silicon
Authors: Lapano Jason , Brahlek Matthew , Zhang Lei , Roth Joseph , Pogrebnyakov Alexej , Engel-Herbert Roman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe availability of native substrates is a cornerstone in the development of microelectronic technologies relying on epitaxial films. If native substrates are not available, virtual substrates - crystalline buffer layers epitaxially grown on a structurally dissimilar substrate - offer a solution. Realizing commercially viable virtual substrates requires the growth of high-quality films at high growth rates for large-scale production. We report the stoichiometric growth of SrTiO3 exceeding 600 nm hr−1. This tenfold increase in growth rate compared to SrTiO3 grown on silicon by conventional methods is enabled by a self-regulated growth window accessible in hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. Overcoming the materials integration challenge for complex oxides on silicon using virtual substrates opens a path to develop new electronic devices in the More than Moore era and silicon integrated quantum computation hardware.