bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral testing of 18 consecutive cases of equine serum hepatitis: A prospective study (2014‐2018)
Authors: Tomlinson Joy E. , Kapoor Amit , Kumar Arvind , Tennant Bud C. , Laverack Melissa A. , Beard Laurie , Delph Katie , Davis Elizabeth , Schott II Harold , Lascola Kara , Holbrook Todd C. , Johnson Philip , Taylor Sandra D. , McKenzie Erica , Carter‐Arnold Jessica , Setlakwe Emilie , Fultz Lisa , Brakenhoff Jeff , Ruby Rebecca , Trivedi Sheetal , Van de Walle Gerlinde R. , Renshaw Randall W. , Dubovi Edward J. , Divers Thomas J. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThree flaviviruses (equine pegivirus [EPgV]; Theiler's disease–associated virus [TDAV]; non‐primate hepacivirus [NPHV]) and equine parvovirus (EqPV‐H) are present in equine blood products; the TDAV, NPHV, and EqPV‐H have been suggested as potential causes of serum hepatitis.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of these viruses in horses with equine serum hepatitis.AnimalsEighteen horses diagnosed with serum hepatitis, enrolled from US referral hospitals.MethodsIn the prospective case study, liver, serum, or both samples were tested for EPgV, TDAV, NPHV, and EqPV‐H by PCR.ResultsBoth liver tissue and serum were tested for 6 cases, serum only for 8 cases, and liver only for 4 cases. Twelve horses received tetanus antitoxin (TAT) 4‐12.7 weeks (median = 8 weeks), 3 horses received commercial equine plasma 6‐8.6 weeks, and 3 horses received allogenic stem cells 6.4‐7.6 weeks before the onset of hepatic failure. All samples were TDAV negative. Two of 14 serum samples were NPHV‐positive. Six of 14 serum samples were EPgV‐positive. All liver samples were NPHV‐negative and EPgV‐negative. EqPV‐H was detected in the serum (N = 8), liver (N = 4), or both samples (N = 6) of all 18 cases. The TAT of the same lot number was available for virologic testing in 10 of 12 TAT‐associated cases, and all 10 samples were EqPV‐H positive.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe demonstrated EqPV‐H in 18 consecutive cases of serum hepatitis. EPgV, TDAV, and NPHV were not consistently present. This information should encourage blood product manufacturers to test for EqPV‐H and eliminate EqPV‐H–infected horses from their donor herds.
Genome‐wide patterns of transposon proliferation in an evolutionary young hybrid fish
Authors: Dennenmoser Stefan , Sedlazeck Fritz J. , Schatz Michael C. , Altmüller Janine , Zytnicki Matthias , Nolte Arne W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHybridization can induce transposons to jump into new genomic positions, which may result in their accumulation across the genome. Alternatively, transposon copy numbers may increase through nonallelic (ectopic) homologous recombination in highly repetitive regions of the genome. The relative contribution of transposition bursts versus recombination‐based mechanisms to evolutionary processes remains unclear because studies on transposon dynamics in natural systems are rare. We assessed the genomewide distribution of transposon insertions in a young hybrid lineage (“invasive Cottus”, n = 11) and its parental species Cottus rhenanus (n = 17) and Cottus perifretum(n = 9) using a reference genome assembled from long single molecule pacbio reads. An inventory of transposable elements was reconstructed from the same data and annotated. Transposon copy numbers in the hybrid lineage increased in 120 (15.9%) out of 757 transposons studied here. The copy number increased on average by 69% (range: 10%–197%). Given the age of the hybrid lineage, this suggests that they have proliferated within a few hundred generations since admixture began. However, frequency spectra of transposon insertions revealed no increase in novel and rare insertions across assembled parts of the genome. This implies that transposons were added to repetitive regions of the genome that remain difficult to assemble. Future studies will need to evaluate whether recombination‐based mechanisms rather than genomewide transposition may explain the majority of the recent transposon proliferation in the hybrid lineage. Irrespectively of the underlying mechanism, the observed overabundance in repetitive parts of the genome suggests that gene‐rich regions are unlikely to be directly affected.
I. INTRODUCTION: THE CO‐CONSTRUCTION OF MOTHER–CHILD ATTACHMENT RELATIONSHIPS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
Authors: Posada Germán E. , Waters Harriet S. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAttachment relationships are formed, organized, and elaborated through interactions between an attachment figure and her/his child. The parent–child codetermination process that establishes their relationship in infancy extends and expands during the preschool years. A child's developing ability to use her/his mother as a secure base requires support, time, and practice during early childhood. Moreover, experiences with attachment figures provide information that children use to build internal representations of their relationship. Thus, the organization of attachment behavior is expected to be related to the structure of a child's attachment representations. Yet, questions about how the structure of those representations develop remain unanswered. In moving into the preschool years, we anticipate that building of mental representations of secure base support and use will be guided by parent–child co‐construction processes. The child's improving language and advancing information processing skills increase the opportunities for verbally based interactions between caregiver and child. The mother–child co‐construction process of secure base relationships includes now a verbal‐representational component, but the nonverbal, behavioral building blocks remain in play as well.
V. MATERNAL SENSITIVITY AND CO‐CONSTRUCTION SKILLS: CONCURRENT AND LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS WITH PRESCHOOLERS’ SECURE BASE BEHAVIOR
Authors: Lu Ting , Posada Germán E. , Trumbell Jill M. , Anaya Laura 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the associations among maternal sensitivity, maternal secure base script co‐construction skills, and children's secure base behavior during early childhood. Maternal sensitivity and children's secure base behavior were assessed in naturalistic settings among 81 mother–child dyads when the children were approximately 3.5 years old. Maternal co‐construction skills were also assessed at that age via a joint mother–child storytelling task. Maternal sensitivity and secure base behavior were assessed again when children (N = 74) were about 5.5 years old. Results indicated that mother sensitivity assessed at the early age was significantly related to maternal co‐construction skills. Maternal co‐constructive skills in turn were also significantly associated with children's secure base behavior both concurrently and longitudinally. Finally, regression analyses indicated both maternal sensitivity, concurrently at each point in time, and co‐construction skills contributed unique and significant information to the prediction of child secure base behavior.
VI. INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF SECURE BASE SCRIPT KNOWLEDGE: THE ROLE OF MATERNAL CO‐CONSTRUCTION SKILLS
Authors: Apetroaia Adela , Waters Harriet S. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis study examined the link between mothers’ and children's script‐like representations of attachment and the role of maternal co‐construction skills in facilitating script knowledge in their children. Fifty‐nine children recruited from preschools in Bucharest, Romania (age range 4 to 5 years) completed a shortened version of the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT) to assess their secure base script knowledge whereas their mother's script knowledge was assessed with the Attachment Script Assessment (ASA). In addition, the mother–child pairs completed the Affect Discussion Task (see Chapter II) to assess mothers’ co‐construction skills. Mother and child secure base script knowledge was significantly related, as were maternal co‐construction skills and child script knowledge. Regression analyses indicated that maternal co‐construction skills impacted children's script knowledge above and beyond the effects of maternal script scores.
The usefulness of [123I]‐metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy in patients with subacute myelo‐optico‐neuropathy
Authors: Konishi Tetsuro , Fujiki Naoto 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with subacute myelo‐optico‐neuropathy (SMON), caused by clioquinol intoxication more than 40 years ago, had been suffered from various kinds of autonomic disorders, such as diarrhea, constipation, and incontinence. [123I]‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy is a sensitive test for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD).AimWe tried to clarify the usefulness of MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in SMON patients for diagnosing PD.MethodsThe MIBG myocardial scintigraphy was investigated in fifteen SMON patients who were suffered from various kinds of autonomic symptoms. In these SMON patients, four patients (mean age ± SD; 73.3 ± 6.8) showed early stage of PD, whose Hoehn–Yahr (H–Y) stage was stage I or stage II, but the other eleven patients (mean age ± SD; 78.0 ± 7.6) had not any signs or symptoms of Parkinsonism.ResultsFour patients with early stages of PD showed significantly reduced MIBG uptake. Eleven patients except one without Parkinsonism showed normal MIBG uptake. No apparent relation between the degree of the autonomic symptoms and the MIBG uptake was observed. One patient without Parkinsonism showed significantly reduced MIBG uptake and was suggested to be suffered from a preclinical state of PD, since the [123I]‐ioflupane single‐photon emission computed tomography scintigraphy showed decreased uptake of isotopes in the bilateral striate regions 8 years after the MIBG myocardial scintigraphy.ConclusionThe MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in SMON patients with various kinds of autonomic symptoms is useful as a highly sensitive and specific tool for diagnosing PD.
Methane production and emissions in trees and forests
Authors: Covey Kristofer R. , Megonigal J. Patrick 
Published: December 2018

Contents

Summary
35

I.
Introduction
36

II.
Tree CH4 fluxes
36

III.
Tree emissions of soil‐produced CH4
40

IV.
Tree‐produced CH4
42

V.
Trees in forest CH4 budgets
44

VI.
Conclusions
46

Acknowledgements
48

Author contributions
48

References
48

SummaryForest ecosystem methane (CH4) research has focused on soils, but trees are also important sources and sinks in forest CH4 budgets. Living and dead trees transport and emit CH4 produced in soils; living trees and dead wood emit CH4 produced inside trees by microorganisms; and trees produce CH4 through an abiotic photochemical process. Here, we review the state of the science on the production, consumption, transport, and emission of CH4 by living and dead trees, and the spatial and temporal dynamics of these processes across hydrologic gradients inclusive of wetland and upland ecosystems. Emerging research demonstrates that tree CH4 emissions can significantly increase the source strength of wetland forests, and modestly decrease the sink strength of upland forests. Scaling from stem or leaf measurements to trees or forests is limited by knowledge of the mechanisms by which trees transport soil‐produced CH4, microbial processes produce and oxidize CH4 inside trees, a lack of mechanistic models, the diffuse nature of forest CH4 fluxes, complex overlap between sources and sinks, and extreme variation across individuals. Understanding the complex processes that regulate CH4 source–sink dynamics in trees and forests requires cross‐disciplinary research and new conceptual models that transcend the traditional binary classification of wetland vs upland forest.
Using the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) to demonstrate the importance of understanding statistics for undergraduate students
Authors: Crisostomo Marisa E. , Chauhan Rahul S. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBecause of the increasing use of business analytics to improve business processes, it is not difficult to argue the importance that undergraduate business students gain the ability to understand, interpret, and communicate statistics. However, a task that may be difficult for statistics instructors is to quickly demonstrate and convince business students the importance of statistics. This paper presents an assignment that utilizes the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) to demonstrate the importance of understanding basic statistical concepts such as population parameters, sampling methods, descriptive measures, and displaying data. This can be administered to an introductory business statistics course in order to drum up students' initial interest and views of applicability of statistics.
Cross-sectional and prospective follow-up study to detect early signs of cardiac dysfunction in obesity: protocol of the CARDIOBESE study
Authors: Snelder Sanne M , de Groot - de Laat Lotte E , Biter L Ulas , Castro Cabezas Manuel , van de Geijn Gert-Jan , Birnie Erwin , Boxma - de Klerk Bianca , Klaassen René A , Zijlstra Felix , van Dalen Bas M 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionIn view of the increasing occurrence of both obesity and heart failure, a growing overlap of these two clinical entities in the near future is expected. Significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiological consequences of obesity for the cardiovascular system have been made over the past two decades. However, to optimise management and treatment of obesity patients, further research is required to improve early identification of cardiac dysfunction in obesity and to gain insight in the underlying pathophysiology. The CARdiac Dysfunction In OBesity – Early Signs Evaluation (CARDIOBESE) study has been designed to address these issues.Methods and analysisCARDIOBESE is a cross-sectional multicentre study of 100 obesity patients scheduled for bariatric surgery (body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m2) without known cardiovascular disease, and 50 age-matched and gender-matched non-obese controls (BMI <30 kg/m2). Echocardiography, blood and urine biomarkers and Holter monitoring will be used to identify parameters that are able to show cardiac dysfunction at a very early stage in obesity patients (primary objective). Furthermore, a prospective follow-up study of obesity patients before and 1 year after bariatric surgery will be done to gain insight in the pathophysiology of obesity causing cardiac dysfunction (secondary objective).Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee Toetsingscommissie Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Rotterdam e.o. (TWOR). Inclusion of patients and controls is almost complete. Analyses of the investigations are currently being performed, and dissemination through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations is expected from the first quarter of 2019. By identifying early markers of cardiac dysfunction in obesity, and by understanding the underlying pathophysiology of the abnormalities of these markers, the CARDIOBESE study may provide guidance for risk stratification, monitoring and treatment strategies for obesity patients.
From ED overcrowding to jail overcrowding: a cautionary tale of a Serial Inebriate Programme (SIP)
Authors: Navarro Ignacio , Anglemyer Andrew 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionCommunity-based programmes have been implemented to curtail ED use by individuals with chronic public intoxication. Among these programmes is the Serial Inebriate Programme (SIP), which aims to reduce use of ED and emergency medical services. We present the results of an evaluation of the SIP in Santa Cruz, California, including data on the participants’ police and jail history, information not considered in prior analyses of SIPs.MethodsIn the present study, we used a retrospective cohort to evaluate the effectiveness of the SIP in Santa Cruz, California from 2013 to 2015. Specifically, we looked at the programme effects on participants’ arrests, nights in jail, use of the local ED and ambulance services after programme adjudication.ResultsThe median number of visits to the ED for participants before and after adjudication was reduced from 4 to 1, and participants showed a significant decrease in their number of jail bookings following adjudication (−4.5 bookings; p=0.004). However, the average number of nights in jail served by participants after adjudication was 2.1 times the average number of nights spent in jail spent before programme adjudication (58.5 vs 27.6 nights in jail for postadjudication and preadjudication groups, respectively; p=0.009).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the Santa Cruz SIP had some impact in reducing participants’ use of emergency services, but at the cost of increased jail time. The burdens of placing chronically intoxicated individuals in jail for extended periods of time are not trivial and should not be overlooked when designing and implementing a SIP.
Clocks in the clinic: circadian rhythms in health and disease
Authors: Kelly Rachael M , Healy Ultan , Sreenan Seamus , McDermott John H , Coogan Andrew N 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCircadian rhythms are endogenously generated recurring patterns of around 24 hours with well-established roles in physiology and behaviour. These circadian clocks are important in both the aetiology and treatment of various psychiatric and metabolic diseases. To maintain physiological homeostasis and optimal functioning, living life synchronised to these clocks is desirable; modern society, however, promotes a ‘24/7’ lifestyle where activity often occurs during the body’s ‘biological night’, resulting in mistimed sleep and circadian misalignment. This circadian desynchrony can increase the risk of disease and can also influence treatment response. Clinicians should be aware of the influence that circadian desynchrony can have on health and disease, in order to potentially develop new therapeutic strategies and to incorporate chronotherapeutics into current treatment strategies to enhance their utility.
Workforce requirements in rheumatology: a systematic literature review informing the development of a workforce prediction risk of bias tool and the EULAR points to consider
Authors: Unger Julia , Putrik Polina , Buttgereit Frank , Aletaha Daniel , Bianchi Gerolamo , Bijlsma Johannes W J , Boonen Annelies , Cikes Nada , Dias João Madruga , Falzon Louise , Finckh Axel , Gossec Laure , Kvien Tore K , Matteson Eric L , Sivera Francisca , Stamm Tanja A , Szekanecz Zoltan , Wiek Dieter , Zink Angela , Dejaco Christian , Ramiro Sofia 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo summarise the available information on physician workforce modelling, to develop a rheumatology workforce prediction risk of bias tool and to apply it to existing studies in rheumatology.MethodsA systematic literature review (SLR) was performed in key electronic databases (1946–2017) comprising an update of an SLR in rheumatology and a hierarchical SLR in other medical fields. Data on the type of workforce prediction models and the factors considered in the models were extracted. Key general as well as specific need/demand and supply factors for workforce calculation in rheumatology were identified. The workforce prediction risk of bias tool was developed and applied to existing workforce studies in rheumatology.ResultsIn total, 14 studies in rheumatology and 10 studies in other medical fields were included. Studies used a variety of prediction models based on a heterogeneous set of need/demand and/or supply factors. Only two studies attempted empirical validation of the prediction quality of the model. Based on evidence and consensus, the newly developed risk of bias tool includes 21 factors (general, need/demand and supply). The majority of studies revealed high or moderate risk of bias for most of the factors.ConclusionsThe existing evidence on workforce prediction in rheumatology is scarce, heterogeneous and at moderate or high risk of bias. The new risk of bias tool should enable future evaluation of workforce prediction studies. This review informs the European League Against Rheumatism points to consider for the conduction of workforce requirement studies in rheumatology.
EULAR ‘points to consider’ for the conduction of workforce requirement studies in rheumatology
Authors: Dejaco Christian , Putrik Polina , Unger Julia , Aletaha Daniel , Bianchi Gerolamo , Bijlsma Johannes W , Boonen Annelies , Cikes Nada , Finckh Axel , Gossec Laure , Kvien Tore K , Madruga Dias Joao , Matteson Eric L , Sivera Francisca , Stamm Tanja A , Szekanecz Zoltan , Wiek Dieter , Zink Angela , Ramiro Sofia , Buttgereit Frank 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveCurrent methods used for forecasting workforce requirements in rheumatology are disparate, as are the parameters incorporated into workforce projection studies. The objective of these European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR points to consider (PTC) is to guide future workforce studies in adult rheumatology in order to produce valid and reliable manpower estimates.MethodsThe EULAR Standardised Operating Procedures were followed. A multidisciplinary task force with experts including patients with rheumatic diseases from 11 EULAR countries and the USA was assembled. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to retrieve workforce models in rheumatology and other medical fields. PTC were based on expert opinion informed by the SLR, followed by group discussions with consensus obtained through informal voting. The level of agreement with the PTC was voted anonymously.ResultsA total of 10 PTC were formulated. The task force recommends models integrating supply (=workforce available in rheumatology), demand (=health services requested by the population) and need (=health services that are considered appropriate to serve the population). In general, projections of workforce requirements should consider all factors relevant for current and future workload in rheumatology inside and outside of direct patient care. Forecasts of workforce supply should consider demography and attrition of rheumatologists, as well as the effects of new developments in healthcare. Predictions of future need/demand should take demographic, sociocultural and epidemiological development of the population into account.ConclusionThese EULAR-endorsed PTC will provide guidance on the methodology and the parameters to be applied in future national and international workforce requirement studies in rheumatology.