bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Significance of AGR2 Expression in Human Cancer
Authors: Schraps Nina , Port Jacob Constantin , Menz Anne , Viehweger Florian , Büyücek Seyma , Dum David , Schlichter Ria , Hinsch Andrea , Fraune Christoph , Bernreuther Christian , Kluth Martina , Hube‐Magg Claudia , Möller Katharina , Reiswich Viktor , Luebke Andreas M. , Lebok Patrick , Weidemann Sören , Sauter Guido , Lennartz Maximilian , Jacobsen Frank , Clauditz Till S. , Marx Andreas H. , Simon Ronald , Steurer Stefan , Mercanoglu Baris , Melling Nathaniel , Hackert Thilo , Burandt Eike , Gorbokon Natalia , Minner Sarah , Krech Till , Lutz Florian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackroundAnterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is a resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein with a vital role in embryonal development, mucus maturation, tissue regeneration, and wound healing.MethodsTo determine the prevalence and clinical significance of AGR2 expression in cancer, a tissue microarray containing 14,966 tumors from 134 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsAGR2 positivity was found in 103 of 134 tumor categories, and 83 tumor categories contained at least one strongly positive case. AGR2 expression was most frequently seen in tumors of the female genital tract, particularly adenocarcinomas (up to 100%), various breast cancer subtypes (57.1%–100%), urothelial carcinoma (74.6%–100%), adenocarcinomas of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (93.6%–99.6%), and pancreaticobiliary cancers (65.2%–98.2%). AGR2 positivity was slightly less common in squamous cell carcinomas (46.4%–77.3%) and mainly absent in mesenchymal and lymphoid tumors. While AGR2 expression was only weak or absent in the normal thyroid, it was moderate to strong in 46.0% of adenomas, 52.8% of follicular carcinomas, and 81.8% of papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. High AGR2 expression was strongly linked to poor ISUP (p < 0.0001), Fuhrman (p < 0.0001), and Thoenes (p < 0.0001) grades as well as advanced pT stage (p = 0.0035) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Low AGR2 expression was associated with high BRE grade in breast cancer (p = 0.0049), nodal metastasis (p = 0.0275) and RAS mutation (p = 0.0136) in colorectal cancer, nodal metastasis (p = 0.0482) in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, high grade in noninvasive urothelial carcinoma (p = 0.0003), and invasive tumor growth in urothelial carcinoma (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIt is concluded that AGR2 expression occurs in a broad range of different tumor entities and that AGR2 assessment may serve as a diagnostic aid for the distinction of thyroidal neoplasms and as a prognostic marker in various cancer types.
Concise Affinity‐Based Purification of Ligated mRNA for Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies of Nucleosugar Modification Patterns
Authors: Yamada Hiroki , Iwai Hiroto , Hashiya Fumitaka , Kimura Yasuaki , Abe Hiroshi , Yamamoto Junichiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPosition‐specific nucleoside sugar modifications have been shown to improve the translational activity and stability of chemically synthesized mRNA. For pharmaceutical applications of chemically modified mRNAs, a rapid purification methodology is imperative to identify the optimal modification pattern. However, while the chemical synthesis of mRNAs can be accomplished by splint ligation of oligonucleotide fragments, the current purification method for ligated mRNAs based on denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis tends to be time consuming. In this study, we developed a two‐step affinity purification method for rapid sample preparation. In this method, ligated mRNA is captured by oligo dT magnetic beads and streptavidin magnetic beads with 3’‐biotinylated oligo DNA, which are complementary to the 3’‐poly(A) and 5’ terminal sequences of the target mRNA, respectively. Therefore, the target mRNA can be isolated from a complex mixture of splint ligations. Using this method, six sugar‐modified mRNAs were simultaneously purified, and the translational activities of these mRNAs were evaluated immediately after purification. The results demonstrate that this methodology is suitable for the rapid preparation of various chemically synthesized mRNAs to identify their optimal modification patterns.
Micro‐nanobubbles assisted fouling reduction in membrane distillation for desalination
Authors: Radadiya Nilkumar Laxmanbhai , Kumar Abhay , Kalla Sarita 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe present study describes the use of micro‐nanobubbles (MNBs) as an easy‐to‐use method for delaying scaling in membrane distillation (MD) while treating highly concentrated saline feed (10 wt.%). The hydrodynamic flow conditions with MNBs are enhanced compared to the traditional gas bubbling in MD. Specifically, an air cushion is formed between the membrane surface and bulk, limiting the deposition of solid particles on the surface. Also, turbulence created by the MNBs reduces the membrane fouling. The findings of the MD performance analysis showed that, in the absence of nanobubbles, considerable membrane scaling occurred during the treatment of high‐salinity feed, which significantly decreased the distillate flux to 70% after 20 h. The one‐time incorporation of air NBs into the saline feed significantly reduced salt precipitation or fouling on the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane surface by delaying the start of flux drop and preventing membrane wetting, thus improving MD performance. For nanobubble‐assisted MD, the only measured flux drop after 20 h of operation was 57% under similar input concentration and operating parameters.
Effect of trace oxygen on smelter off‐gas reduction desulphurization process over FeSx/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts
Authors: Ge Tingting , Guo Hui , Li Yuchao , Hao Jinguo , Zheng Yanxia , Yang Lixi , Huang Haofei , Wang Ming , Zuo Cuncun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEffects of trace oxygen on iron sulphides‐supported catalysts (FeSx/γ‐Al2O3) were evaluated through smelter off‐gas reduction process for sulphur synthesis. Catalytic performance was evaluated under different oxygen content conditions. The properties of fresh and used catalysts were investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry‐differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and elemental analysis and relationships of active phases and activity were analyzed. The relationship between different active crystal crystals (FeSx, FeS2, Fe, FeO, γ‐Fe2O3) and SO2/O2 adsorption and conversion was investigated. The mechanism of oxygen influence on the FeSx/γ‐Al2O3 surface was given and the lifetime of the catalyst in the reaction atmosphere close to real smelter off‐gas after dust and oxygen removal steps containing trace oxygen (0.5 O2 v/v.%) was explored.
Controlling Metal‐Support Interactions to Engineer Highly Active and Stable Catalysts for COx Hydrogenation
Authors: Chen Shilong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis perspective focuses on the modulation of metal‐support interaction (MSI) in catalysts for COx hydrogenation, highlighting their profound impact on catalytic performance. Firstly, it outlines different strategies, including the use of highly reducible oxides and moderate reduction treatments, which induce the classical strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) effect and the electronic metal‐support interaction (EMSI) effect. Morphology engineering and crystalline phase manipulation of oxides presented as effective methods to control EMSI are also discussed. The discrimination of SMSI and EMSI can be achieved using oxides with low encapsulation tendencies, such as ZrO2, which supports electronic modifications without or minimizing the overgrowth issues, optimizing the catalytic performance for methanation. Then, the synergy between Cu and ZnO in methanol synthesis, enhanced by SMSI, is emphasized inside. Optimizing support oxides to control oxygen vacancies enhances the catalytic performance of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Perspectives for the future research on the fundamental understanding of structure‐MSI‐performance relationship for catalyst design is discussed.
The modality of historical thinking in the latest Greek primary school curriculum and the new challenges in history education
Authors: Fardi Kyriaki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper refers to the concept of ‘historical thinking’ as it appears in the three versions of the recent Greek History Curriculum for primary school. It is a comparative study of the discourse of the three versions of the recent history curriculum for primary school. The methodological approach of this study was founded on Critical Discourse Analysis. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning and context of this term as presented in the three versions of the history curriculum and to compare the findings of the study with corresponding references in the international literature regarding the terms of ‘historical thinking’. This study demonstrated that this term is not the same in all three versions of the curriculum. In the first version of the curriculum the term ‘historical thinking’ is mentioned autonomously and we also separately identify the term ‘critical thinking’, while in the second and third versions a synthesis of the term is observed, which eventually becomes ‘critical historical thinking’. As a result of this observation, the use of the terms is critically and comparatively studied. The main conclusion is that the term ‘critical historical study’ refers much more to the development of general skills and competences with cognitive characteristics and much less to the critical understanding of the historical past. Furthermore, the conclusions of this study suggest a perspective for historical thinking in contemporary curricula with new challenges such as the relationship of historical education with artificial intelligence and children's representations.
Teachers as macro curriculum makers: Mandate and influence in the Norwegian LK20
Authors: Finnanger Tiril Smerud 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates teacher participation in Norway's most recent national curriculum reform. During the reform period, teachers were invited to take part in macro curriculum making as members of national curriculum committees. In policy documents, teacher participation is emphasised as key to the legitimacy of the curriculum. In this study, what the teachers were expected to contribute to the process and the extent to which they were able to influence the final national curriculum are examined. Through interviews and document analysis, the study investigates teachers' mandate as macro curriculum makers and their perception of their own influence on the final curriculum. The findings show that the teachers' mandate is unclear and that official documents are vague regarding teachers' influence. The interviewed teachers believed they had some degree of influence on the final curriculum; however, they were largely excluded from the final decision‐making, which may have impacted their influence. The study contributes to the field of curriculum research by illuminating the complexity of participatory approaches and by discussing what teachers can contribute to national reform work. Implications for future reform include the need for clearly defined roles, as well as transparency and accountability in decision‐making on behalf of central authorities.
The pKa of Water and the Fundamental Laws Describing Solution Equilibria: An Appeal for a Consistent Thermodynamic Pedagogy
Authors: Neils Thomas L. , Schaertel Stephanie , Silverstein Todd P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA recurring misconception in some textbooks and research papers has led to an abandonment of fundamental physical laws when describing a subset of acid‐base equilibria, especially regarding the role of the solvent. In the specific case of the autoprotolysis of water, experiments and theoretical calculations prove that the Kw of water at 25 °C, 1.00×10−14, is identical to its acid ionization constant, Ka. Nevertheless, several articles have been published erroneously purporting to give theoretical proof that the Ka of water is 10−15.743 (1.81×10−16) and that the Ka of the aqueous proton (hydronium ion) is 55.3 rather than 1.00. Here we argue that using the incorrect numbers has pedagogical implications beyond those of a simple error. Arguments for the incorrect Ka and pKa values require a misapplication of Henry's law and violate long‐standing methods that use Raoult's law and the conservation of matter to describe the behavior of solutions. As a result, chemistry students may be asked to accept one set of physical principles in one course and another set in another course. Here we argue for adherence to fundamental physical laws governing solution equilibria as applied to the autoprotolysis of water and all aqueous acid base equilibria.
Socioeconomic status and adherence to COVID‐19 preventative measures in Australia: A national cohort study
Authors: Aljeaidi Muhamad S. , Haaksma Miriam L. , Tan Edwin C. K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedThe uptake of recommended preventative measures is a critical concern for protecting the public against COVID‐19 outbreaks and future pandemics. However, it is unclear to what extent COVID‐19 preventative measures were followed in Australia. This study aims to determine adherence level to COVID‐19 preventative measures in 2021, and whether these were associated with socioeconomic status (SES).Study DesignThis was a national cross‐sectional study using data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey.MethodsThis study included 15 457 community‐dwelling adults (18 years or older) who participated in the 2021 wave of HILDA survey. SES was assessed by the Socio‐Economic Index For Areas (SEIFA) score, split into quintiles. Outcomes included self‐reported adherence to COVID‐19 preventative measures (mask wearing, keeping distance, staying home; sum score range 3–15) and COVID‐19 status (yes/no). Linear and logistic regression were used accordingly to assess the association between SES and the sum score of adherence to COVID‐19 measures, and COVID‐19 vaccination status.ResultsAdherence to COVID‐19 preventative measures and uptake of COVID‐19 vaccine in Australia in 2021 were moderate (between 60% and 70%). Regression models showed higher SES was associated with a slightly higher score of adherence (β = .08, 95% CI = .04–.12) and a higher likelihood of self‐reporting receiving COVID‐19 vaccination (OR 1.27, 95% CI = 1.23–1.31).ConclusionSES was positively associated with the level of adherence to COVID‐19 preventative measures and the probability of receiving COVID‐19 vaccine. The findings of this study highlight the potential benefits of considering SES, particularly its impact on equity and access, when designing an educational program or awareness campaign in times of crisis.So What?The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering SES when designing an educational program or an awareness campaign in times of crisis.
The harmful effects of drought stress on the camelina oil content and fatty acid composition can be alleviated by using potassium silicate
Authors: Rad Amir Hosein Shirani , Malmir Mohammad , Eyni‐Nargeseh Hamed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA factorial experiment with three replicates was designed to investigate the effects of potassium silicate (0, 1, 2 and 3 g L−1) on camelina under three irrigation regimes (full irrigation, restricted irrigation from silicle formation and restricted irrigation from the beginning of flowering). Compared with full irrigation, restricted irrigation from the beginning of the flowering and silicle formation stages caused reductions of 5% and 11%, respectively, in the oil content and of 48% and 68%, respectively, in the oil yield (oil content 33% and oil yield 736 kg ha−1). The drought stress regimes increased the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, the PUFA/SFA (P/S) ratio and the monounsaturated fatty acid/SFA (M/S) ratio decreased. Under water‐limited conditions, 3 g L−1 potassium silicate significantly mitigated the negative effects of drought stress and increased the oil yield and content. Moreover, spraying 2 and 3 g L−1 potassium silicate increased the PUFA, P/S and M/S but decreased the SFA. Erucic acid, which was increased by the restricted irrigation treatments, decreased in response to potassium silicate application. Overall, the application of potassium silicate is a suitable measure for camelina cultivation under water‐limited conditions, as it mitigates the adverse effects of drought.
Genetic Influence of the Brain on Muscle Structure: A Mendelian Randomization Study of Sarcopenia
Authors: Lei Ting , Jiang Zichao , Wang Jiahao , Nan Jiangyu , Hua Long , Zhu Zewu , Hu Yihe 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe association between brain and sarcopenia has not been clarified. We aim to investigate the causal association between brain structure, function, gene expression and sarcopenia‐related traits.MethodsAll participants were Europeans. GWAS data of Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDs) was from the UK Biobank. Gene expression in 13 brain regions was acquired from the GTEx Consortium. The sarcopenia‐related traits, including appendicular lean mass (ALM), whole body lean mass (WBLM), grip strength and sarcopenia diagnosed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) or Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), were from the IEU website. The inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, weighted mode and Wald ratio methods were used for a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis between brain structures and sarcopenia‐related traits. The summary‐data‐based MR (SMR) was used to investigate brain genes causally influencing sarcopenia. We calculated the F‐value, odds ratio with 95% CI and p‐value. For the sensitivity analysis, the heterogeneity I2 statistic, Cochrane's Q test, Egger's intercept test, MR‐PRESSO and the leave‐one‐out sensitivity test were used. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein–protein interaction (PPI), transcription factor interaction prediction and miRNA interaction prediction analysis were used to reveal potential signalling pathways and mechanisms.ResultsWe included 3144 imaging phenotypes from 8428 participants in BIDs data. One hundred forty‐one BIDs were identified to causally influence ALM, 160 BIDs showed significant causal effect on the WBLM, and 86 BIDs showed significant causal effect on grip strength. There were 48 or 32 BIDs causally associated with sarcopenia diagnosed by the EWGSOP or FNIH criteria respectively. After FDR correction, there were 35 BIDs showing causal effect on the ALM, 28 BIDs showing causal effect on the WBLM and 7 BIDs showing causal effect on grip strength (p < 0.05). Twelve to forty‐eight genes in different brain regions showed causal effect on all the five sarcopenia‐related traits. MMP24‐AS1, HLA‐DRB6, HLA‐DQA2, DDX42, BAG6, NUSAP1, LINC00940, NME1‐NME2 and AS3MT in the amygdala region showed detrimental effect on all the five sarcopenia‐related traits, whereas HLA‐DRB1, HLA‐DQB1‐AS1 and C6ORF3 showed protective effect (p < 0.05). The gene enrichment analysis indicated these screened genes was mainly enriched in immune‐related signalling.ConclusionWe discovered the causal effect of BIDs and brain gene expression on sarcopenia. The positive genes were mainly enriched in immune‐related signalling, suggesting an immune‐based cross‐organ regulation mechanism of brain–muscle axis.
Extraction of Penicillin G From Dairy Products Using Deep Eutectic Solvent/Alginate Beads Enhanced via Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Sereshti Hassan , Taghavi Ali , Soltani Sara , Nodeh Hamid Rashidi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA new nanocomposite based on alginate microbeads impregnated with novel strontium–aluminum layered double hydroxide (Sr‐Al LDH) incorporated with choline chloride‐urea deep eutectic solvent (ChCl‐U DES) was introduced. The microbeads and LDH were characterized by adsorption/desorption isotherms, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, SEM, and x‐ray diffraction. The adsorbent was employed for determining penicillin G (PENG) using dispersive solid‐phase extraction prior to HPLC analysis. The extraction efficiency of the adsorbent, compared with that of unmodified alginate, showed a 2.5‐fold increase. Significant parameters, including elution conditions, sorbent composition and mass, adsorption time, and sample pH, were optimized. The LOD was 0.4 µg kg−1, and the linear range was 1.4–500 µg kg−1. The LOQ (1.4 µg kg−1) was lower than the established maximum level for PENG by the European Union (4 µg kg−1). Enrichment factor and synthesis reproducibility were also investigated. The method's accuracy was evaluated through PENG analysis in dairy products and water, with recoveries of 81%–107% (RSDs < 7.6%). The procedure's greenness was assessed using the Analytical Eco‐scale and achieved excellent green credentials. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis and application of a novel alginate composite for the extraction of PENG from dairy and water samples.
Chemical Screening, Identification, and Comparison of Tripterygium Hypoglaucum Hutch Preparations by Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry Combined With Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Luo Hui‐Zhi , Xiang Jie , Gui Wan‐Yu , Gong Jia‐Hui , Zou Jian‐Dong , Li Chang‐Yin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTColquhounia root tablets (CRT) and Tripterygium hypoglaucum hutch tablets (THHT), two major Tripterygium hypoglaucum hutch (THH) commercial preparations, have been used to treat chronic kidney diseases or rheumatic diseases. However, there have been no reports on the chemical comparison between CRT and THHT, greatly hindering the understanding of their pharmacological difference as well as their rational application in clinical practice. In the present study, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry combined with automated data analysis by MS‐DIAL software and MS‐FLO website was employed to systematically screen and characterize the components in CRT and THHT. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to compare the differences between these two preparations. As a result, up to 92 components were tentatively identified, and 17 of them were characterized for the first time in THH preparations. According to the criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP) >1, p < 0.05, and fold change (FC) > 1.2, 46 components could be screened as major differential chemical components. Among them, phenolic acids, organic acids, amino acids, and diterpenoids were higher in CRT, while the sesquiterpene alkaloids were relatively higher in THHT. This study clarified the chemical material basis and the difference between CRT and THHT, providing a valuable reference for quality control and clinical rational use of THH preparations.