bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal enhancement in laser diode thermal desorption‐triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis using microwell surface coatings
Authors: Dion‐Fortier Annick , Gravel Alexia , Guérette Cassandra , Chevillot Fanny , Blais Sonia , Auger Serge , Picard Pierre , Segura Pedro A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLaser‐diode thermal desorption (LDTD) is an ionization source usually coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQMS) and specifically designed for laboratories requiring high‐throughput analysis. It has been observed that surface coatings on LDTD microwell plates can improve the sensitivity of the analysis of small polar molecules. The objective of the present study is to understand and quantify the effect of microwell surface coatings on signal intensity of small organic molecules of clinical, environmental, and forensic interest. Experiments showed that the peak areas of diclofenac, chloramphenicol, salicylic acid, and 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol obtained by LDTD‐QqQMS increased by up to 3 orders of magnitude when using microwells coated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Tests with different chelating agents and polytetrafluoroethylene as microwell surface coatings showed that nitrilotriacetic acid gave significantly higher peak areas for five out of the nine compounds that showed signal enhancement using chelating agents as coatings. Scanning electron microscopy studies of EDTA‐coated and uncoated microwells showed that analytes deposited in the former formed more uniform and thinner films than in the latter. The enhancement effect of surface coatings in LDTD‐QqQMS was explained mainly by the formation of homogenous and thinner layers of nanocrystals of analytes that are easier to desorb thermally than the layers formed when the analytes dry in direct contact with the bare stainless‐steel surface. Chemisorption of some analytes to the stainless‐steel surface of the microwell plate appeared to be a minor factor. Surface coatings widen the number of compounds analyzable by LDTD‐QqQMS and can also improve sensitivity and limits of detection.
Responses of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus to two consecutive drying–rewetting cycles in soils
Authors: Pezzolla Daniela , Cardenas Laura M. , Mian Ishaq A. , Carswell Alison , Donovan Neil , Dhanoa Mewa S. , Blackwell Martin S. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDrying and rewetting cycles are known to be important for the dynamics of carbon (C), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) in soils. This study reports the short‐term responses of these nutrients to consecutive drying and rewetting cycles and how varying soil moisture content affects microbial biomass C and P (MBC and MBP), as well as associated carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The soil was incubated for 14 d during which two successive drying–rewetting episodes were imposed on the soils. Soils subjected to drying (DRW) were rewetted on the seventh day of each drying period to return them to 60% water holding capacity, whilst continually moist samples (M), with soil maintained at 60% water holding capacity, were used as control samples. During the first seven days, the DRW samples showed significant increases in extractable ammonium, total oxidized nitrogen, and bicarbonate extractable P concentrations. Rewetting after the first drying event produced significant increases only in CO2 flux (55.4 µg C g−1 d−1). The MBC and MBP concentrations fluctuated throughout the incubation in both treatments and only the second drying–rewetting event resulted in a significantly MBC decrease (416.2 and 366.8 mg kg−1 in M and DRW soils, respectively).The two drying–rewetting events impacted the microbial biomass, but distinguishing the different impacts of microbial versus physical impacts of the perturbation is difficult. However, this study, having a combined approach (C, N, and P), indicates the importance of understanding how soils will react to changing patterns of drying–rewetting under future climate change.
Identification of short‐chain poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrates in Saiga horn extracts using LC–MS/MS
Authors: Pataridis Statis , Romanov Oleg , Mikšík Ivan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSaiga horn extracts were analyzed with the goal of obtaining new information about compounds present in it. The purpose of this study is to find synthetic alternatives to Saiga horn extract, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine, by identifying potentially biologically active compounds in the extracts. Using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry, we have been able to identify a series of short‐chain polyhydroxybutyrates in alcoholic extracts of Saiga horn. Optimized high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry methods for analysis of short‐chain poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrates were developed and subsequently applied to investigate Saiga horn extract for the presence of these compounds, which might explain its biological actions, particularly for its antipyretic and procoagulant properties.
Hollow Microcapsules with Controlled Mechanical Properties Templated from Pickering Emulsion Droplets
Authors: Wang Xue , Chen Linlin , Sun Guanqing , Liu Ren 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHollow microcapsules with controlled mechanical strength are obtained from Pickering emulsion templates. The shell of the hollow microcapsules comprising UV‐curable resin and reactive silica nanoparticles enables tuning of the mechanical properties in a controlled manner. The results show that the particle stabilizer can be packed regularly on the oil–water interface and the shell thickness of microcapsules can be increased to 1–2 µm compared with traditional preparation methods. Hollow particles with thicker walls can prevent collapse and breakage. In this work, a nanoindentation device is used to measure the mechanical properties of hollow particles, and the results show a clear trend of reduced modulus and hardness decreases with increasing ratio of prepolymers in the reaction mixture. When the mass of PUA varies from 10% to 30%, the hardness decreases from 0.09 to 0.04 GPa, while the reduced modulus decreases from 0.17 to 0.06 GPa. The control of mechanical properties of the microcapsule can enhance its uses in conventional areas as well as in new fields such as precise micro force sensors etc.
Simple Synthesis of Elastomeric Photomechanical Switches That Self‐Heal
Authors: Li Shuo , Tu Yaqi , Bai Hedan , Hibi Yusuke , Wiesner Lennard W. , Pan Wenyang , Wang Kaiyang , Giannelis Emmanuel P. , Shepherd Robert F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article introduces a simple two‐stage method to synthesize and program a photomechanical elastomer (PME) for light‐driven artificial muscle‐like actuations in soft robotics. First, photochromic azobenzene molecules are covalently attached to a polyurethane backbone via a two‐part step‐growth polymerization. Next, mechanical alignment is applied to induce anisotropic deformations in the PME‐actuating films. Cross‐linked through dynamic hydrogen bonds, the PMEs also possess autonomic self‐healing properties without external energy input. This self‐healing allows for a single alignment step of the PME film and subsequent “cut and paste” assembly for multi‐axis actuation of a self‐folded soft‐robotic gripper from a single degree of freedom optical input.
Proteine im Getreide und die Backeigenschaften
Authors: Geißlitz Sabrina , Scherf Katharina A. , Köhler Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOb ein Weizenbrot locker wird und eine gleichmäßige Krume bekommt oder beim Backen eher flach bleibt, hängt von Menge und Zusammensetzung der Glutenproteine im Getreide ab. Die Ergebnisse einer Vergleichsstudie erlauben es nun, die Backqualität der Weizenarten Dinkel, Emmer und Einkorn schnell und verlässlich vorherzusagen.
Adsorbenzien: Organisch‐anorganische Hybride
Authors: Prelot Bénédicte , Hesemann Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMit supramolekularer Chemie lassen sich Oberflächeneigenschaften von Feststoffen kontrollieren. Damit hergestellte Ionosilicas eignen sich als Adsorptionsmittel für den Anionenaustausch, und mit ihnen lassen sich wahrscheinlich Abwässer reinigen und aufarbeiten sowie Wirkstoffe im Körper transportieren.
Temperatur‐ statt pH‐Sensoren
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThermosensoren kontrollieren die Temperatur, die meist wichtigste Messgröße in der Prozessanalytik. Um den Kalibrieraufwand dafür zu senken, gibt es jetzt immer häufiger selbstkalibrierende Systeme, und zwar sowohl bei Titrationen als auch bei Inline‐Messungen.
FCI‐Seminar „Strategisch und erfolgreich kommunizieren“
Authors: Grünert Anna , Korytiaková Eva 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAnfang Oktober veranstaltete der Fonds der Chemischen Industrie „Das etwas andere Seminar für Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und zukünftige Führungskräfte“ in Frankfurt. Während der zweitägigen Veranstaltung hatten dreißig Stipendiatinnen die Möglichkeit, an Workshops und Vorträgen teilzunehmen und sich mit Führungskräften aus Akademia und Industrie austauschen.
Functional dissection of the ARGONAUTE7 promoter
Authors: Hoyer J. Steen , Pruneda‐Paz Jose L. , Breton Ghislain , Hassert Mariah A. , Holcomb Emily E. , Fowler Halley , Bauer Kaylyn M. , Mreen Jacob , Kay Steve A. , Carrington James C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractARGONAUTES are the central effector proteins of RNA silencing which bind target transcripts in a small RNA‐guided manner. Arabidopsis thaliana has 10 ARGONAUTE (AGO) genes, with specialized roles in RNA‐directed DNA methylation, post‐transcriptional gene silencing, and antiviral defense. To better understand specialization among AGO genes at the level of transcriptional regulation we tested a library of 1497 transcription factors for binding to the promoters of AGO1, AGO10, and AGO7 using yeast 1‐hybrid assays. A ranked list of candidate DNA‐binding TFs revealed binding of the AGO7 promoter by a number of proteins in two families: the miR156‐regulated SPL family and the miR319‐regulated TCP family, both of which have roles in developmental timing and leaf morphology. Possible functions for SPL and TCP binding are unclear: we showed that these binding sites are not required for the polar expression pattern of AGO7, nor for the function of AGO7 in leaf shape. Normal AGO7 transcription levels and function appear to depend instead on an adjacent 124‐bp region. Progress in understanding the structure of this promoter may aid efforts to understand how the conserved AGO7‐triggered TAS3 pathway functions in timing and polarity.
Controlled Self‐Assembly of Mesoporous CuO Networks Guided by Organic Interlinking
Authors: Ayllón José Antonio , Fraile Julio , Domingo Concepción 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe controlled aggregation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) induced by a multitopic carboxylic acid allows the formation of mesoporous structures with high surface area, in the order of 100 m2 g−1, as demonstrated herein. The main novelty in the designed process is the use, as a previous step, of a sacrificeable monotopic carboxylate ligand for capping the CuO NPs. This step avoids the often observed unwanted behavior of uncontrolled aggregation and material densification. The monotopic 3,6,9‐trioxadecanoate (HTODA) is used as the capping agent to prepare TODA@CuO, a starting material that forms colloidal dispersions in ethanol. For NPs self‐assembly, the bulky tricarboxylic acid 4,4′,4′′,‐benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl‐tris(benzoic acid) (H3BTB) is chosen as an efficient interlinker in the controlled aggregation. The obtained mesoporous network shows a considerable thermal stability, retaining ≈70% of its specific surface area after annealing at 300 °C under vacuum. Thermal treatment involves TODA capping agent elimination, but not BTB linker. The simultaneous reduction of the CuO NPs to a Cu2O/Cu mixture is observed.
Overexpressed Hsp70 alleviated formaldehyde‐induced apoptosis partly via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Liu Lulu , Huang Yun , Feng Xiangling , Chen Jihua , Duan Yanying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFormaldehyde (FA) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, which can induce apoptosis in lung cell and is related to the pathogenesis of asthma, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is an ATP‐dependent molecular chaperone and exhibits an anti‐apoptosis ability in a variety of cells. Previous studies reported that the expression of Hsp70 was induced when organisms were exposed to FA. Whether Hsp70 plays a role in the FA‐induced apoptosis and the involved cell signaling pathway remain largely unknown. In this study, human bronchial epithelial cells with overexpressed Hsp70 and the control were exposed to different concentrations of FA (0, 40, 80, and 160 μmol/L) for 24 hours. Apoptosis and the expression levels of PI3K, Akt, p‐Akt, MEK, p‐MEK, and GLI2 were detected by Annexin‐APC/7AAD double‐labeled flow cytometry and western blot. The results showed that overexpression of Hsp70 decreased the apoptosis induced by FA and alleviated the decline of PI3k and p‐Akt significantly. Inhibitor (LY 294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K‐Akt) test result indicated that PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway was involved in the inhibition of FA‐induced apoptosis by Hsp70 overexpression and also active in the maintenance of GLI2 level. However, it also suggested that other signaling pathways activated by overexpressed Hsp70 participated in this process, which was needed to be elucidated in further research.
Parity violation
Authors: Berger Robert , Stohner Jürgen 
Published: January 2019

Violation of (space) parity in atomic physics, molecular physics and chemistry is briefly reviewed. The review is structured by frequently asked questions related to the concept of space parity, its violation and the consequences thereof in physics, chemistry and biology.This article is categorized under:

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy
Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Thermochemistry
Innovations and changes in the ICD‐11 classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Reed Geoffrey M. , First Michael B. , Kogan Cary S. , Hyman Steven E. , Gureje Oye , Gaebel Wolfgang , Maj Mario , Stein Dan J. , Maercker Andreas , Tyrer Peter , Claudino Angelica , Garralda Elena , Salvador‐Carulla Luis , Ray Rajat , Saunders John B. , Dua Tarun , Poznyak Vladimir , Medina‐Mora María Elena , Pike Kathleen M. , Ayuso‐Mateos José L. , Kanba Shigenobu , Keeley Jared W. , Khoury Brigitte , Krasnov Valery N. , Kulygina Maya , Lovell Anne M. , de Jesus Mari Jair , Maruta Toshimasa , Matsumoto Chihiro , Rebello Tahilia J. , Roberts Michael C. , Robles Rebeca , Sharan Pratap , Zhao Min , Jablensky Assen , Udomratn Pichet , Rahimi‐Movaghar Afarin , Rydelius Per‐Anders , Bährer‐Kohler Sabine , Watts Ann D. , Saxena Shekhar 
Published: January 2019

Following approval of the ICD‐11 by the World Health Assembly in May 2019, World Health Organization (WHO) member states will transition from the ICD‐10 to the ICD‐11, with reporting of health statistics based on the new system to begin on January 1, 2022. The WHO Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse will publish Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (CDDG) for ICD‐11 Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental Disorders following ICD‐11’s approval. The development of the ICD‐11 CDDG over the past decade, based on the principles of clinical utility and global applicability, has been the most broadly international, multilingual, multidisciplinary and participative revision process ever implemented for a classification of mental disorders. Innovations in the ICD‐11 include the provision of consistent and systematically characterized information, the adoption of a lifespan approach, and culture‐related guidance for each disorder. Dimensional approaches have been incorporated into the classification, particularly for personality disorders and primary psychotic disorders, in ways that are consistent with current evidence, are more compatible with recovery‐based approaches, eliminate artificial comorbidity, and more effectively capture changes over time. Here we describe major changes to the structure of the ICD‐11 classification of mental disorders as compared to the ICD‐10, and the development of two new ICD‐11 chapters relevant to mental health practice. We illustrate a set of new categories that have been added to the ICD‐11 and present the rationale for their inclusion. Finally, we provide a description of the important changes that have been made in each ICD‐11 disorder grouping. This information is intended to be useful for both clinicians and researchers in orienting themselves to the ICD‐11 and in preparing for implementation in their own professional contexts.
Formal reliability analysis of redundancy architectures
Authors: Bozzano Marco , Cimatti Alessandro , Mattarei Cristian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Reliability is a fundamental property for critical systems. A thorough evaluation of the reliability is required by the certification procedures in various application domains, and it is important to support the exploration of the space of the design solutions. In this paper we propose a new, fully automated approach to the reliability analysis of complex redundant architectures. Given an abstract description of the architecture, the approach automatically extracts a fault tree and a symbolic reliability function, i.e. a program mapping the probability of fault of the basic components to the probability that the overall architecture deviates from the expected behavior. The proposed approach heavily relies on formal methods, by representing the architecture blocks as Uninterpreted Functions, and using the so-called
miter
construction to model the deviation from the nominal behavior. The extraction of all the deviation conditions is reduced to an AllSMT problem, and we extract the reliability function by traversing the Binary Decision Diagram corresponding to the quantified formula. Predicate abstraction is used to partition and speed up the computation. The approach has been implemented leveraging formal tools for model checking and safety assessment. A thorough experimental evaluation demonstrates its generality and effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Inventory agility upon demand shocks: Empirical evidence from the financial crisis
Authors: Udenio Maximiliano , Hoberg Kai , Fransoo Jan C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to identify antecedents of inventory agility (i.e., the capability to quickly adapt inventories to changes in demand) upon demand shocks based on the awareness‐motivation‐capability (AMC) framework and to explore the link between inventory agility and financial performance. We introduce an empirical measure of inventory agility based on the deviation of relative inventories (i.e., inventory days) from their forecasted values. We hypothesize that firms with higher awareness, motivation, and capabilities are associated with higher inventory agility in the presence of demand shocks. We define two empirical measures for each of the three dimensions of the AMC framework in the context of inventory agility: awareness (i.e., market orientation and technology orientation), motivation (i.e., gross margin and liquidity), and capabilities (i.e., inventory management capability and resource availability). In addition, we incorporate the constraining factor model (CFM) into the AMC framework, thus allowing for complementarity among the different measures. In this view, the influence of each of the measures on inventory agility varies according to which of the measures is the constraining factor for a given firm. The 2008 financial crisis may have tested firms' inventory agility more than any other crisis since the Great Depression, as an unprecedented collapse of demand coincided with a reduction in credit availability. Therefore, for our analysis, we use firm‐level empirical data from 1263 public U.S. manufacturing firms for the 2005–2011 period. We find that firms' motivation and capabilities are key factors associated with inventory agility. Through the CFM, we show that identifying the constraining factors leads to a more refined understanding of the moderating effects of the antecedents of inventory agility. In a separate analysis, we find that inventory agility is positively associated with a number of financial performance metrics during crisis periods. We distinguish between inventory underages and overages and find that, during the crisis, they are both associated with lower financial performance. Furthermore, we find evidence that higher underages (overages) magnify the effect of overages (underages). Among other managerial insights, our findings suggest that the use of inventory reductions as a quick way to increase liquidity must be gauged against their potential impact on other aspects of financial performance.
Greater Serbia: A New Reality in the Balkans
Authors: Lukic Reneo 
Published: January 2019

“We Serbs must militarily defeat our enemies and conquer the territories we need.”Vojislav Maksimovic, MemberBosnian Serb Parliament“I don't see what's wrong with Greater Serbia. There's nothing wrong with a greater Germany, or with Great Britain.”Bosnian Serb LeaderRadovan KaradžićThe break-up of Yugoslavia has come about as a result of national, economic and political conflicts which by the end of 1987 had taken on unprecedented dimensions. At that point, latent political conflicts between various republics came into the open. More specifically, the conflict between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo had turned into a low-intensity war. Under Slobodan Miloševićs leadership in Serbia, the Serbo-Slovenian conflict over Kosovo deepened, forcing other republics and provinces to take sides. The Slovenian leadership opposed a military solution to the Serbo-Albanian conflict in Kosovo. By 1990 the Serbo-Slovenian conflict had spilled over into Croatia, completely polarizing the Yugoslav political elite into two distinct camps; one encompassed Slovenia and Croatia, the other Serbia and Montenegro, with Macedonia and Bosnia-Herzegovina playing the role of unsuccessful mediators.
The Collapse of the Soviet Union: Nationalism During Perestroika and Afterwards
Authors: Khazanov Anatoly 
Published: January 2019

*“Democracy is next to impossible in a country made up of different nationalities.”—John Stuart Mill“I have no doubt that this great Eastern Slav empire … has entered the last decades of its existence … Marxist doctrine has delayed the break-up of the Russian Empire—the Third Rome—but it does not possess the power to prevent it.”—Andrei Amal'rikOur times do not make much of prophets. The Soviet dissident, Andrei Amal'rik, went to the Gulag for his prophecy, which nevertheless turned out to be remarkably correct.
CANTORIAN SET THEORY
Authors: OLIVER ALEX , SMILEY TIMOTHY 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlmost all set theorists pay at least lip service to Cantor’s definition of a set as a collection of many things into one whole; but empty and singleton sets do not fit with it. Adapting Dana Scott’s axiomatization of the cumulative theory of types, we present a ‘Cantorian’ system which excludes these anomalous sets. We investigate the consequences of their omission, examining their claim to a place on grounds of convenience, and asking whether their absence is an obstacle to the theory’s ability to represent ordered pairs or to support the arithmetization of analysis or the development of the theory of cardinals and ordinals.