bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of water use by gated communities in South Africa
Authors: Du Plessis Jacques JL , Jacobs Heinz E 
Published: February 2018

Gated communities (hereafter GCs) are popular in many countries, including South Africa, because added security and lifestyle improvements are offered relative to homes built on freestanding properties. One of the key factors for the popularity of GCs is the availability of amenities to support the demands of the residents, such as gymnasia, walkways, golf courses, play parks and polo fields. Further benefits include the improved management of infrastructure such as telecommunication services, roads, water, sewer, electrical and stormwater assets. GCs are often governed by trustees or homeowners’ associations, responsible for the operation and the maintenance functions of the infrastructure, as well as implementing and adhering to legislation that pertains to the GC. As part of this study, the monthly water-use records of 2 888 GCs in 3 different South African cities were analysed. Water use was evaluated for each GC as a whole, and also per household in each case. The average number of homes per GC was 33 households/GC, with the smallest GC in the study sample containing 3 houses and the largest 524 houses. One of the study sites was in the winter rainfall region, while 2 sites were in the summer rainfall region. The average annual water use of individual households in each GC was plotted against current guidelines and was found to be relatively low. The average annual daily demands of all properties in the winter rainfall region was 0.63 kL/d, compared to 0.66 kL/d and 0.49 kL/d for the two study sites in the summer rainfall region. The results highlighted peculiarities in the water use of GCs that have not been reported on before, in particular the relatively low water use and the differences between GC homes’ water use in the various rainfall regions.
Structural and Morphological Evaluation of Presintered Zirconia following Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Skienhe Hasan , Habchi Roland 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on roughness, grain size, and phase transformation of presintered zirconia.

Materials and methods
Surface treatments included airborne particle abrasion (APA) before and after sintering with different particles shape, size, and pressure (50 μm Al2O3, 50 μm glass beads, and ceramic powder). Thirty-five square-shaped presintered yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic slabs (Zenostar ZR bridge, Wieland) were prepared (4 mm height × 10 mm width × 10 mm length) and polished with silicon carbide grit papers #800, 1000, 1200, 1500, and 2000 to ensure identical initial roughness. Specimens were divided into five groups according to surface treatment: group I (control): no surface treatment; group II: APA 50 μm Al2O3 after sintering; group III: APA 50 μm Al2O3 particles before sintering; group IV: APA 50 μm glass bead particles before sintering; and group V: APA ceramic powder before sintering. Specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, and tested for shear bond strength (SBS). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc tests for multiple comparisons Tukey's test (α ≥ 0.05).

Results
Air abrasion before sintering significantly increased the surface roughness when compared with groups I and III. The highest tetragonal to monoclinic (t-m) phase transformation (0.07%) was observed in group III, and a reverse transformation was observed in presintered groups (0.01%). Regarding bond strength, there was a significant difference between APA procedures pre- and postsintering.

Conclusion
Air abrasion before sintering is a valuable method for increasing surface roughness and SBS. The abrasive particles’ size and type used before sintering had a little effect on phase transformation.

Clinical significance
Air abrasion before sintering could be supposed to be an alternative surface treatment method to air abrasion after sintering.

How to cite this article
Skienhe H, Habchi R, Ounsi HF, Ferrari M, Salameh Z. Structural and Morphological Evaluation of Presintered Zirconia following Different Surface Treatments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):156-165.
Surface Characterization and Cell Adhesion of Different Zirconia Treatments: An in vitro Study
Authors: Nassif Wadih , Rifai Mohamad 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to characterize the surface of zirconia subjected to different treatments and evaluate its effect on cell adhesion and proliferation.

Materials and methods
A total of 80 zirconia disks were divided into four groups (n = 20) according to the surface treatments used: group I: as-sintered (AS), no surface treatment applied; group II: abrasion treatment applied using Rocatec (ROC; 3M ESPE) system with silica-coated alumina powder of grit size 110 μm; group III: erbium, chromium:yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet (Er, Cr:YSGG) laser (LAS; BIOLASE) was used at a frequency of 20 Hz and output power of 3 W; and group IV: specimens were subjected to the selective infiltration etching (SIE) technique. Surface characterization was evaluated for the different groups (roughness, hardness, and morphology), and cell behavior (adhesion and proliferation) was tested (α = 0.05).

Results
The ROC group reported a significant increase in surface roughness (2.201 ± 0.352) and Vickers hardness (1758 ± 16.6) compared with the other surface treatments. The SIE surface-treated group reported a significantly higher number of cells (64.5 ± 2.6 and 53.5 ± 2.2 respectively) compared with the other surface-treated groups.

Conclusion
The SIE is a promising surface treatment for zirconia that significantly enhances cell adhesion and osseointegration.

Clinical significance
The SIE treatment of zirconia implants may help in a faster and better osseointegration.

How to cite this article
Nassif W, Rifai M. Surface Characterization and Cell Adhesion of Different Zirconia Treatments: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):181-188.
Parental Presence/Absence in the Dental Operatory as a Behavior Management Technique: A Review and Modified View
Authors: Riba Hicham , Al-Shahrani Asma , Al-Ghutaimel Hayat , Al-Otaibi Adel , Al-Kahtani Salim 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Parental presence/absence in the dental operatory (also called: Parent-in—parent-out technique) is an extremely controversial aspect of the nonpharmacological BMTs. Historically, dentists used to exclude parents from dental operatory to avoid their interference with the dentist's aptitude to build a rapport and relationship with the child, hence increasing the child management problems by disrupting treatment and making the dentist unfocused and uncomfortable.

Aim
The purpose of this article is to review and emphasize on the importance of parental presence/absence in the dental operatory, especially in a certain age group, as a behavior management technique (BMT) in pediatric dentistry, and to present a modified view of this technique.

Results
This article reviews the current literature concerning behavior management in pediatric dentistry. It includes a medline database search and review of the comprehensive textbooks in pediatric dentistry. Some recommendations were based on the opinions of experienced researchers and clinicians.

Conclusion
Parent-in—parent-out technique in dental operatory is advocated to gain emotional support and avoid the effect of traumatic separation, especially in younger children or special health-care needs patients.

Clinical significance
The parent-in—parent-out technique in dental operatory is underused, or misused. This article clarifies the proper use of this technique along with a minor modification to it to make it more effective on young apprehensive dental patients.

How to cite this article
Riba H, Al-Shahrani A, Al-Ghutaimel H, Al-Otaibi A, Al-Kahtani S. Parental Presence/Absence in the Dental Operatory as a Behavior Management Technique: A Review and Modified View. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):237-241
Cross-correlation and cross-wavelet analyses of the solar wind IMF Bz and auroral electrojet index AE coupling during HILDCAAs
Authors: Marques de Souza Adriane , Echer Ezequiel , Bolzan Mauricio José Alves , Hajra Rajkumar 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Solar-wind–geomagnetic activity coupling during high-intensity long-duration
continuous AE (auroral electrojet)
activities (HILDCAAs) is investigated in this work. The 1 min
AE index and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz component in the geocentric solar magnetospheric
(GSM) coordinate system were used in this study. We have considered HILDCAA events
occurring between 1995 and 2011. Cross-wavelet and cross-correlation analyses
results show that the coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere
during HILDCAAs occurs mainly in the period ≤ 8 h. These periods are
similar to the periods observed in the interplanetary Alfvén waves
embedded in the high-speed solar wind streams (HSSs). This result is
consistent with the fact that most of the HILDCAA events under present study
are related to HSSs. Furthermore, the classical correlation analysis
indicates that the correlation between IMF Bz and AE may be classified as
moderate (0.4–0.7) and that more than 80 % of the HILDCAAs exhibit a lag
of 20–30 min between IMF Bz and AE. This result corroborates with Tsurutani
et al. (1990) where the lag was found to be close to 20–25 min. These
results enable us to conclude that the main mechanism for
solar-wind–magnetosphere coupling during HILDCAAs is the magnetic reconnection
between the fluctuating, negative component of IMF Bz and Earth's magnetopause
fields at periods lower than 8 h and with a lag of about 20–30 min. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (solar-wind–magnetosphere interactions)
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH): An atypical case report
Authors: Longrée Luc , Roufosse Renaud , Maréchal Stéphanie , Goffinet Julie , Maquet Renaud , Focan Christian 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) also called Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome is a rare disease (1.3 case per million inviduals). It is a clonal disorder caused by a medullary stem cells acquired mutations on the PIG-A gene, inducing a partial or general deficit of proteins linking to cell membrane through a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor.Case presentation: We confirmed the diagnosis of PNH in a 35-year-old woman presenting a relatively well tolerated but progressive pancytopenia and also a concomitant cyanocobalamin deficiency. The diagnosis was classically obtained through flow cytometry determination of specific disease markers on red blood cells (CD55; CD59; FLAER). After a CD34 selected grafting from his fully HLA-compatible brother as donor, the patient entered in a sustained complete remission of PNH syndrome.Conclusion: After bone-marrow grafting, prolonged complete remission (cure) of PNH presenting primarily as a medullary insufficiency, may be obtained.
Adaptive Texture Description and Estimation of the Class Prior Probabilities for Seminal Quality Control
Authors: González-Castro Víctor 
Published: February 2018

Motivation of the Thesis Semen quality assessment is a crucial task in artificial insemination (AI) processes, both human and animal. Animal AI allows farmers to save time and money (e.g. working with a limited number of animals). They purchase semen samples to companies, which have to carry out strict quality controls to guarantee that they are optimal for fertilization. A sample with a high proportion of (i) dead spermatozoa, or (ii) sperm heads with damaged acrosomes (the acrosome is a membrane that covers the anterior part of the sperm head and makes possible the penetration into the ovum) will have low fertilization potential. Therefore, sperm vitality and acrosome integrity are two of the parameters assessed by veterinaries in semen quality control processes. Both are assessed by means of a visual process which entails expensive equipments (stains and fluorescence microscopes) and may be a source of errors, as any manual process is. The contributions in the field of Image Processing and Machine Learning made on this PhD. Thesis [2] may be used to develop an automatic process to assess the proportions of damaged acrosomes or dead spermatozoa using just a phase contrast microscope (which almost any lab has) and a digital camera. Concretely, several texture description approaches have been evaluated. In addition, a new intelligent segmentation process, an adaptive texture description method, and two robust approaches for estimating class proportions of unlabelled datasets have been proposed. All these methods are applied to automatic boar semen quality estimation.
Determination of the thermal time constant of the reinforced concrete building component
Authors: Owczarek Stefan , Owczarek Mariusz 
Published: February 2018

As a result of changes in the boundary conditions, a heat exchange in the building envelope is not always in a steady state. Heat fluxes penetrating through the wall may be several times greater than the steady state. Thus, the building can have a much higher demand for energy and requires the use of more powerful heater than it results from the standard calculation. This article dealt with estimating the length of the transient state after changing the boundary conditions. The protective celling plate of dimensions 35 m × 1 m and a thickness of 0.5 m has been analysed. The plate, on the one hand, is cooled in air at a temperature of 8.6°C, on the other hand is inside the shelter at 20°C. A period of cooling, based on the theoretical and numerical calculations, was obtained, then the differences were discussed and the conclusions drawn.
Keywords: building, building physics, heat flows in building envelopes
Natural convection in a model chamber with the Boussinesq approximation utilization
Authors: Radzikowska-Juś Weronika , Owczarek Stefan 
Published: February 2018

The paper presents numerical analysis of heat transfer inside a model chamber in time after entering an object of elevated temperature therein. As a result of the temperature difference between the object and the environment in the room, natural convection has occurred. Numerical simulations were performed using ELMER software based on the Finite Element Method. In order to reduce the complexity of the simulation, the Bussinesq approximation was used. The relevant case is similar to Rayleigh-Benard convection, which was starting point to the conducted analysis. Keywords: temperature distribution in the model room, Rayleigh-Benard convection, Bussinesq approximation
Analysis of the BP-150M barrier carrying capacity according to MLC standards
Authors: Marszałek Jan , Piechota Mieczysław , Wójtowicz Bartłomiej 
Published: February 2018

The article includes an analysis of the possibility of a temporary combined crossing using the DMS-65 bridge construction and the BP-150M floating barge support. In order to shorten the construction time of the crossing, traditional floating supports are replaced. Examples of nomograms were developed, using the method of a compensation function of moments at supports. Load analysis according to MLC standards has made it possible to determine the parameters of crossing over the Abrams M1A2 tank bridge.
Keywords: building engineering, folding bridges, floating supports
Smartphone-based reminder system to promote pelvic floor muscle training for the management of postnatal urinary incontinence: historical control study with propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Kinouchi Kaori , Ohashi Kazutomo 
Published: February 2018

Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a smartphone-based reminder system in promoting pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) to help postpartum women manage urinary incontinence (UI).

Methods
Forty-nine and 212 postpartum women in the intervention and control groups, respectively, received PFMT guidance using a leaflet and verbal instruction as the standard care at an obstetrics clinic in Japan. Women in the intervention group also received PFMT support using the smartphone-based reminder system between January and August 2014. For analysis, they were compared with historical controls between February 2011 and January 2012, who did not receive such support and were chosen by propensity score matching. The outcomes examined were PFMT adherence and UI prevalence. The former consisted of implementation rate (i.e., the percentage of women who reported performing PFMT during the intervention period), training intensity (i.e., the number of pelvic floor muscle contractions (PFMCs) per day), and training frequency (i.e., the number of days PFMT was performed per week); the latter consisted of self-reported UI prevalence at baseline and at the end of the eight-week intervention period.

Result
Propensity score matching resulted in 58 postpartum women (n = 29 per group). The intervention group exhibited better PFMT adherence than the control group, in terms of PFMT implementation rate (69 vs. 31%, p = 0.008), median training intensity (15 vs. 1 PFMC reps/day, p = 0.006), and training frequency (7 vs. 3 days/week, p < 0.001). UI prevalence was not different between the groups at baseline, but was significantly reduced in the intervention group at eight weeks (0 vs. 24%, p = 0.004).

Conclusion
Our smartphone-based reminder system appears promising in enhancing PFMT adherence and managing postpartum UI in postpartum women. By enhancing PFMT adherence and improving women’s ability to manage the condition, the reminder system could improve the health-related quality of life of postpartum women with UI.
Space‐Time Evolution of Magma Storage and Transfer at Mt. Etna Volcano (Italy): The 2015–2016 Reawakening of Voragine Crater
Authors: Cannata Andrea , Di Grazia Giuseppe , Giuffrida Marisa , Gresta Stefano , Palano Mimmo , Sciotto Mariangela , Viccaro Marco , Zuccarello Francesco 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe eruptions of December 2015 and May 2016 at Voragine crater were among the most explosive recorded during the last two decades at Mt. Etna volcano. Here we present data coming from geophysics (infrasound, LP, VLP, volcanic tremor, VT earthquakes, and ground deformations) and petrology (textural and microanalytical data on plagioclase and olivine crystals) to investigate the preeruptive magma storage and transfer dynamics leading to these exceptional explosive eruptions. Integration of all the available data has led us to constrain chemically, physically, and kinetically the environments where magmas were stored before the eruption, and how they have interacted during the transfer en‐route to the surface. Although the evolution and behavior of volcanic phenomena at the surface was rather similar, some differences in storage and transfer dynamics were observed for 2015 and 2016 eruptions. Specifically, the 2015 eruptions have been fed by magmas stored at shallow levels that were pushed upward as a response of magma injections from deeper environments, whereas evidence of chemical interaction between shallow and deep magmatic environments becomes more prominent during the 2016 eruptions. Main findings evidence the activation of magmatic environments deeper than those generally observed for other recent Etnean eruptions, with involvement of deep basic magmas that were brought to shallow crustal levels in very short time scales (∼1 month). The fast transfer from the deepest levels of the plumbing system of basic, undegassed magmas might be viewed as the crucial triggering factor leading to development of exceptionally violent volcanic phenomena even with only basic magma involved.
Critical Evolution of Damage Toward System‐Size Failure in Crystalline Rock
Authors: Renard François , Weiss Jérôme , Mathiesen Joachim , Ben‐Zion Yehuda , Kandula Neelima , Cordonnier Benoît 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRock failure under shear loading conditions controls earthquake and faulting phenomena. We study the dynamics of microscale damage precursory to shear faulting in a quartz‐monzonite rock representative of crystalline rocks of the continental crust. Using a triaxial rig that is transparent to X‐rays, we image the mechanical evolution of centimeter‐size core samples by in situ synchrotron microtomography with a resolution of 6.5 μm. Time‐lapse three‐dimensional images of the samples inside the rig provide a unique data set of microstructural evolution toward faulting. Above a yield point there is a gradual weakening during which microfractures nucleate and grow until this damage span the whole sample. This leads to shear faults oriented about 30° to the main compressive stress in agreement with Anderson's theory and macroscopic failure. The microfractures can be extracted from the three‐dimensional images, and their dynamics and morphology (i.e., number, volume, orientation, shape, and largest cluster) are quantified as a function of increasing stress toward failure. The experimental data show for the first time that the total volume of microfractures, the rate of damage growth, and the size of the largest microfracture all increase and diverge when approaching faulting. The average flatness of the microfractures (i.e., the ratio between the second and third eigenvalues of their covariance matrix) shows a significant decrease near failure. The precursors to faulting developing in the future faulting zone are controlled by the evolving microfracture population. Their divergent dynamics toward failure is reminiscent of a dynamical critical transition.
Chi‐Squared Tests: Numerical Examples
Authors: Wiener Laura E. , Koch Gary G. , Stokes Maura E. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article describes the range of applications of chi‐squared tests via five illustrative examples. The first of these applies chi‐squared approximations to randomization‐based nonparametric rank tests for a randomized clinical trial concerning heart disease. The second example illustrates three types of analyses for a three‐way contingency table based on a clinical trial for mastitis in dairy cows. The first analysis implements randomization model methods, while the other two analyses use chi‐squared tests pertaining to functions of proportions and related statistical models for testing linear and log‐linear hypotheses. Alternative chi‐squared tests for goodness‐of‐fit of logistic regression models via maximum likelihood methods for a quantal response animal study are illustrated in the third example. Example 4 describes the modeling of the proportion of hours women had little or no obstetric pain via weighted least squares methods and the chi‐squared tests used to assess contrasts of specific interaction effects. The final example applies Wald chi‐squared statistics and the fitting of linear models to a repeated measures observational study for two diagnostic procedures with a dichotomous outcome at two time points.