bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Participatory Action Research to Teach Community Practice in a Post-Truth Era
Authors: Christensen M. Candace , Trout Inci Yilmazli , Perez Beatrix 
Published: January 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
This project focuses on the learning experiences of master of social work students in an advanced community practice course. The primary pedagogical method for the class was participatory action research, specifically the photovoice method. The MSW students completed a photovoice project focused on campus sexual violence in which they recruited students, outside the class, as participants. As coursework, students generated reflection papers, responses to readings, and focus group notes. These artifacts constituted the data for this project. The data analysis included grounded theory methods and a focus on post-truth politics, from which three categories emerged: (a) supporting cultural competence, (b) facilitating self-awareness (c) and viewing truth as multifaceted.
How Language Defines “Learning”: A Classroom View
Authors: Wynhoff Olsen Allison 
Published: January 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
“Learning” is defined and constructed in classrooms as teachers and students interact through the use of language. As such, “learning” is situated language practices. Theories of socially- constructed uses of language and interactions provide foundation for this work. Through a microethnographic discourse analysis, the findings show a teacher and students constructing shared cultural models of “learning,” holding each other accountable to particular academic and pedagogical practices as well as uses of academic language. The teacher employed linguistic strategies to make visible and engage students in the academic language and “thinking” practices that counted as “learning.”
Romai pagrindinėje mokykloje: tarp selektyvios izoliacijos ir visiškos niveliacijos
Authors: Žemaitėlytė-Ivanavičė Ingrida 
Published: January 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje pristatomas romų etninės grupės mokinių tapatumo mokyklos bendruomenei suvokimas ir raiška pagrindinės mokyklos kontekste. Svarstoma, kas yra tas romas mokinys pagrindinėje mokykloje? Ar tai, ką jis šiandien patiria mokykloje, turėtume manyti esant problema, ar per ilgą laiką pasiekto rezultato sėkme? Koks tapatumas formuojasi mokyklos bendruomenėje ir kokią įtaką daro elgesiui mokykloje? Ar galime šį procesą kontroliuoti ir ar turime tai daryti? Siekiant išsiaiškinti, kaip romai suvokia savo grupę, savo tapatumą, santykį su kita – mokyklos kultūra – ir to suvokimo raišką, pasitelktas etnografinis tyrimas. Mokiniai stebėti jų kasdienėje mokymosi ir bendravimo erdvėje – mokykloje.
Nėščiųjų ir pagimdžiusiųjų hemorojus ir išangės įplėša: paplitimas, rizikos veiksniai bei įtaka moters gyvenimo kokybei
Authors: Bužinskienė Diana , Drąsutienė Gražina , Poškus Tomas 
Published: January 2019

Šio straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti literatūrą, nagrinėjančią nėščiųjų hemorojaus ir išangės įplėšos paplitimą, priežastis, dažnį, rizikos veiksnius bei šių ligų įtaką moterų gyvenimo kokybei.Išangės ligos (hemorojus ir išangės įplėša) tiek nėštumo metu, tiek laikotarpiu po gimdymo yra dažna patologija, kuriai vis dar stinga tiek koloproktologų, tiek akušerių ginekologų dėmesio. Šiuo metu nėra tyrimų, kuriuose perspektyviuoju būdu nėštumo metu ir po gimdymo būtų vertinamas išangės ligų atsiradimas, nustatomi jų rizikos veiksniai. Labai svarbu ištirti ir įvertinti šių ligų paplitimą Lietuvoje ir rizikos veiksnius, jų ryšį su nėštumo ir gimdymo veiksniais, laiku šias ligas diagnozuoti ir gydyti bei atrasti priemonių, kaip jų išvengti, taip pagerinant moterų gyvenimo kokybę ne tik nėštumo ir gimdymo metu, bet ir laikotarpiu po gimdymo.Reikšminiai žodžiai: hemorojus, išangės įplėša, nėštumas, gimdymas, rizikos veiksniai, gyvenimo kokybė
Hemorrhoids and anal fissures during pregnancy and after childbirth: prevalence, risk factors and impact on women’s quality of lifeDiana Bužinskienė, Gražina Drąsutienė, Tomas Poškus
The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the incidence, prevalence, risk factors of hemorrhoids and anal fissures during, before, and after pregnancy and their impact on the quality of life of women.Both hemorrhoids and anal fissures are common during and after pregnancy; however, they are frequently overlooked by both coloproctologists and gynecologists. There are no prospective cohort studies of perianal diseases during and after pregnancy with an emphasis on identifying the possible risk factors. Thus, it is important to identify the incidence and risk factors of perianal diseases in Lithuania and to find the factors of pregnancy and delivery that could be related to the occurrence or prevent the occurrence of these diseases. In this way, the possible areas of correction and intervention could be identified.Key words: hemorrhoids, anal fissure, pregnancy, delivery, risk factors, quality of life
Partai Politik dan Keterwakilan Perempuan (Analisis Problematika Partai Politik dalam Memenuhi Keterwakilan Perempuan di DPRD)
Authors: Azmy Ana Sabhana , Farhah Isnaini Anis 
Published: January 2019

Abstract.This research investigates the problems of political parties in meeting the quota of women’s representation in Parliament of Lebak Regency for the period 2014-2019. The objectives of this research are to know the importance of women’s representation and to analyze the barriers that caused difficulties for political parties to fulfill women’s representation in Parliament of Lebak Regency for the period 2014-2019. Method that used in this research is qualitative research with documentation and interview as the data collection technique. Theories used in this research are political party theories by Larry Diamond and women's representation by Anne Phillips and Nadezhda Shvedova. The research found two findings. First, women’s representation in Parliament of Lebak Regency is strongly important. Due to the presence of women in Parliament of Lebak Regency can bring women’s interests in politics. Second, the importance of women’s representation in Parliament of Lebak Regency is not supported by a quota of women’s representation in Parliament of Lebak Regency at which only 14%. There are three barriers that caused difficulties for political parties to fulfill women’s representation quota in Parliament of Lebak Regency for the period 2014-2019, namely political barriers, socio-economics barriers, and ideological and psychological barriers. Abstrak. Penelitian ini membahas tentang problematika partai politik dalam memenuhi kuota keterwakilan perempuan di DPRD Kabupaten Lebak periode 2014-2019. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pentingnya representasi keterwakilan perempuan dan menganalisis kendala-kendala yang menyebabkan partai politik sulit memenuhi keterwakilan perempuan di DPRD Kabupaten Lebak periode 2014-2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu studi dokumentasi dan wawancara. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori partai politik dari Larry Diamond dan teori keterwakilan perempuan dari Anne Philips dan Nadezhda Svedova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, representasi keterwakilan perempuan di DPRD Kabupaten Lebak sangat penting. Hal ini karena dengan hadirnya perempuan di DPRD Kabupaten Lebak dapat membawa kepentingan-kepentingan perempuan dalam politik. Kedua, pentingnya representasi perempuan di DPRD Kabupaten Lebak tidak didukung dengan kuota keterwakilan perempuan di DPRD Kabupaten Lebak yakni hanya 14%. Ada tiga kendala yang menyebabkan partai politik sulit untuk memenuhi kuota keterwakilan perempuan di DPRD Kabupaten Lebak periode 2014-2019 yaitu kendala politik, kendala sosio-ekonomi, serta kendala ideologis dan psikologis.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness and Herd Protection in Young Women
Authors: Spinner Chelse , Ding Lili , Bernstein David I. , Brown Darron R. , Franco Eduardo L. , Covert Courtney , Kahn Jessica A. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:
Clinical trials of the 4-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine demonstrate high efficacy, but surveillance studies are essential to examine the long-term impact of vaccine introduction on HPV prevalence in community settings. The aims of this study were to determine during the 11 years after vaccine introduction the prevalence of (1) vaccine-type HPV in adolescent and young adult women who were vaccinated (to assess vaccine effectiveness) and (2) vaccine-type HPV in women who were unvaccinated (to assess herd protection).

METHODS:
Young women 13 to 26 years of age were recruited from hospital-based and community health clinics for 4 surveillance studies from 2006 to 2017. We determined the proportion of vaccinated and unvaccinated women who were positive for vaccine-type HPV across the studies, and the odds of positivity for vaccine-type HPV using logistic regression; all analyses were propensity score–adjusted to control for between-wave differences in participant characteristics.

RESULTS:
Vaccination rates increased from 0% to 84.3% (97% of study participants received the 4-valent vaccine). Among women who were vaccinated, 4-valent vaccine–type HPV detection decreased from 35% to 6.7% (80.9% decline; odds ratio 0.13, 95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.22). Among women who were unvaccinated, 4-valent vaccine–type HPV detection decreased from 32.4% to 19.4% (40% decline; odds ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.26 to 0.97). Estimated vaccine effectiveness was 90.6% in wave 3 and 80.1% in wave 4.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study in which trends in HPV in a US community &gt;10 years after 4-valent HPV vaccine introduction and after 9-valent vaccine introduction were examined, we found evidence of vaccine effectiveness and herd protection. Further research is needed to examine trends in 9-valent vaccine–type HPV after higher rates of vaccination are achieved.
Phosphorus Balance at Tartu WWTP, Estonia
Authors: Toomiste Hillar , Haller Jüri , Kriipsalu Mait , Kuusemets Valdo 
Published: January 2019

Sewage sludge is usually considered as treatment residue that needs expensive treatment for removal. The treatment and handling of sludge can form 20 to 50 % from a wastewater treatment facility's costs. Sludge volumes will continue to grow worldwide with increasing population and country wealth. In a sustainable society, sludge should rather be seen as a source of energy, phosphorus and other products. Water treatment facilities are exploring technologies to utilise these values worldwide. Technologies on extracting minerals from sludge would either help offset treatment facility’s costs or even turn a profit. First step in turning sludge from a costly waste material into a profitable revenue stream should be a material balance.
In Tartu wastewater treatment plant (120 000 pe, 28 000 m3 d-1) waste water is treated by activated sludge process with an integrated biological nitrogen and phosphorous removal. Sludge is dewatered and stabilized by windrow composting. In the treatment plant, phosphorus balance in various treatment steps was studied and potential technologies for extracting phosphorus were reviewed.
Bioelectricity Generation From Synthetic Wastewater Treatment in a Membrane-Less Microbial Fuel Cell Using Methylene Blue and/or Neutral Red as Mediators
Authors: Khaksar Leila M. , Ghayoumi Ali , Hasani Amir H. , Parhaam Hooshang 
Published: January 2019

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a new method for treating wastewaters and simultaneously producing electricity (renewable energy (bioelectricity)) as innovative technologies. Feasibility of using synthetic wastewater as a substrate for electricity generation using anaerobic sludge as a source of microorganisms was investigated after a short acclimatization period of less than 10 days. among two different kind substrate (methanol and acetic acid) Significant reduction in COD of synthetic wastewater by 63% and 75% was observed at initial COD=2743 mg/l and 2560 mg/l respectively in Methanol and Acetic Acid indicated effective wastewater treatment in batch experiments. The present article deals with the studies of a two chambered salt bridge (membrane-less) MFC anode chamber [(with mediator; plain graphite electrode; acidified by ortho-posphoric acid (pH≈6)]; cathode chamber (50mM potassium ferricyanide [K3Fe(CN)6] in phosphate buffer; pH ≈7.5; plain graphite electrode) in the presence of mediators. The effect of Methylene Blue (MB) and Neutral Red (NR) as electron mediators and microelements inoculated to anolyte chamber on the power generation in MFCs are reported. The best performance was obtained in the case of Acetic Acid. Using methylene blue (MB) (0.2mM) as the electron mediator, the maximum power density and current density of 61.718 mW/m2 and 92.530 mA/m2 were obtained respectively with CE of 3.94%, which are found to be very promising. The maximum power density and current density of 58.820 mW/m2 and 89.940 mA/m2 were obtained respectively with CE of 8.05%. In the most cases, results show that MB has more effective role than NR. Efforts are being made to improve the performance and reduce the construction and operating costs of MFCs.
Co-expression of BubR1 and UCHL1 in salivary gland tumors
Authors: Mahmood Mohammed , Garib Balkees , Hamied Marwa 
Published: January 2019

Objective: Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are one of the most heterogeneous and challenging neoplasms affects human. Several biomarkers have been used to study proliferation, angiogenesis, prognosis, metastasis and recurrence of SGTs. The aim of this study was to evaluate, compare and correlate the co-expression of Budding Uninhibited by Benz imidazole Related 1 (BubR1) and Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1) immunomarkers in SGTs.
Methods: The immunohistochemical expression of BubR1 and UCHL1 were performed with formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections of 35 retrieved blokes of SGTs. The expression, pattern of reactivity, intensity and subcellular localization of these markers are studied. T-test was used to find statistical difference in expression immunomarkers.
Results: All of the cases were positive for both BubR1 and UCHL1. The intensity of reaction differed between the tumor types. A significant difference was seen in the expression of BubR1 in benign versus malignant tumors (P=.002) and pleomorphic adenoma versus mucoepidermoid carcinoma (P=.001). While statistically significant difference was not seen in the expression of UCHL1 between the tumors mentioned above (P=.81 and P=.83, respectively). Finally, there was a significant difference between the expressions of BubR1 and UCHL1 in SGTs (P=.001), indicating a higher expression of UCHL1 in SGTs.
Conclusions: UCHL1 has a higher percentage and intensity of reactivity in SGTs as compared to BubR1, While BubR1 is a better immunomarker for distinguishing between benign and malignant tumors.
Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Salivary Total Protein, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in Chronic Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Mohammad Chenar 
Published: January 2019

Objective: Periodontitis is a chronic infectious inflammatory disease of tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, it causes by microbial plaque accumulation and its severity depend on interaction between pathogenic bacteria
and host immune response. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of scaling and root planning on the mean values of salivary total protein (TP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β).
Methods: Comparative study conducted on 40 volunteers: 20 of them with chronic periodontitis and 20 with healthy periodontium. Scaling and root planning was conducted for chronic periodontitis patients and unstimulated
saliva was collected from all studied subjects at baseline before and after 4 weeks of periodontal treatment to estimate the mean levels of TP, TNF-α and IL-1β.
Results: High mean values of clinical periodontal inflammatory parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss), TP, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected in chronic periodontitis patients as compared to controls (p<0.000), and significant reduction in their mean values were seen after 4 weeks of periodontal therapy as compared to baseline before treatment (p<0.000).
Conclusions: Biochemical (TP) and immunological parameters (TNF-α and IL-1β) detected at increased levels in chronic periodontitis patients and reduced after periodontal therapy, so further studies are necessary to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of these markers.
Prospective Study of Oral Health, Pain and Discomfort and Success Rates Following Insertion of Orthodontic Mini-Implants
Authors: Omer Zana 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To evaluate oral health and compare the experience of pain and discomfort after the insertion of mini-implants TADs (temporary anchorage device) and to analyze potential factors associated with the stability of TADs used for orthodontic treatment in a sample of Erbil city orthodontics patients.
Methods: The sample included 47 patients of both genders (24 females, 23 males) between (13-35) years with mean ages 23.73 years. The patients were treated with fixed orthodontic appliance and TADs were inserted to reinforce anchorage as the cases required. The patients recall was performed for examination and recording through a questionnaire at baseline, few hours (evening), one day, one week and two weeks after TADs insertion. The inserted side of TADs was recorded by the researcher in anterior maxilla or mandible and posterior maxilla or mandible.
Results: The overall success rate was 85.1%. There were no significant relations in failure rates among the TADs related to the following variables: gender, pain (discomfort), implantation site (maxilla, mandible), location (anterior or posterior), and type of soft tissue (keratinized or non- keratinized mucosa). In the second week of TADs insertion females that complain from no pain was 43.3% versus 56.6% of males while moderate pain complain in the females was 64.7% versus 35.3% for males The success rates for non-inflamed gingiva around TADs were 96.3% in the second week post- insertion with significant differences during 1st and 2nd weeks post-insertion (P=0.020 and P=0.042 subsequently). An increased failure rate was noted for those presented with local inflammation of the surrounding soft tissue, especially those cases which loaded within 2 weeks after TADs insertion.
Conclusions: Inflammation of soft tissue surrounding a TADs and immediate loading (within 2 weeks) after insertion were the most significant factors affecting TADs failure. Gender, pain, age, jaws, soft tissue management, and placement sites are not related to the success of TADs.
The Challenges of Free Primary Education Implementation in Primary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya
Authors: Simiyu Carolyne Nabwoba 
Published: January 2019

In January 2003 the Kenyan government implemented Free Primary Education (FPE). The launch of the programme saw an increase in enrolment in primary schools which put pressure on learning resources. The FPE policy envisaged that the government would provide teaching and learning materials to all public primary schools. This paper therefore discusses challenges of implementing FPE in Bungoma East District in Kenya. A descriptive survey design was used in this study. The target population was head teachers, teachers, the school management committee chair persons and the students. Since there are rural and urban schools, stratified sampling was done to get a more representative sample. Instruments for data collection were questionnaires, interview schedule, and document analysis and observation schedules. The study found that upward trend in enrolment since the inception of FPE in 2003 led to overcrowding in class and many more schools opening up. It also found that there was lack of enough teachers to handle the increased numbers of pupils. It was also established that delayed release of FPE funds led to challenges in the FPE appropriate implementation. The findings will inform the policy makers to make more informed decisions towards implementation of the free primary education in order to achieve Universal Education.
PREDIKTORI SOCIJALNE PARTICIPACIJE KOD DECE SA CEREBRALNOM PARALIZOM U OSNOVNIM ŠKOLAMA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Authors: Zulić Marija , Brkić- Jovanović Nina , Hájková Vanda 
Published: January 2019

Pojam socijalna participacija predstavlja kvalitet interakcije između individue i njenog okruženja. Danas se uspešno participovanom osobom smatra pojedinac koji je aktivno uključen u život zajednice a ne osoba koja samo može ili želi da se uključi u aktivnosti sredine u kojoj živi. Cerebralna paraliza (CP) podrazumeva pre svega poremećaj razvoja pokreta i posture sa čestim dodatnim simptomima kao što su senzorna, intelektualna, govorna, druga neurološka oštećenja, psihološke i emocionalne smetnje. S obzirom na činjenicu da je ustanovljeno da je kvalitet participacije učenika sa CP u školskom okruženju veoma važan indikator njihove uspešne društvene participacije u budućnosti, smatramo da je dublje razumevanje faktora koji utiču na njihovu društvenu uključenost tokom osnovnoškolskog obrazovanja od velikog značaja za unapređenje kvaliteta njihovog života.
Glavni cilj ovog rada je da identifikuje faktore koji unapred mogu da determinišu kvalitet socijalne participacije učenika sa CP u osnovnim školama u Srbiji. Studija obuhvata 75 dece sa CP između 6 i 12 godina koja pohađaju osnovne škole od prvog do šestog razreda u četiri oblasti Republike Srbije. Glavni upitnik korišćen u ovom istraživanju je prvi i treći deo upitnika The School function assessment (prev. Procena školskog funkcionisanja). Takođe su uzete u obzir i vrednosti grubih motoričkih funkcija (izmerene pomoću GMFCS - Gross motor function classification system (prev. Sistem klasifikacije grubih motoričkih funkcija) i manipulativne spretnosti (izmerene MACS skalom – Manual ability classification system (prev. Sistem klasifikacije manuelnih sposobnosti)) za svakog pojedinačnog učenika.
Rezultati pokazuju detaljan uvid u nivo socijalne participacije učenika sa CP u osnovnim školama u Srbiji i objašnjavaju potencijalne faktore koji mogu da utiču na njihovu socijalnu participaciju: nivo grubih motornih funkcija, manipulativna spretnost, kognitivni status i uzrast učenika.