bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing outcome and recanalization results in patients with anterior circulation stroke following endovascular treatment with and without a treatment with rt‐PA: A single‐center study
Authors: Al‐Khaled Mohamed , Brüning Toralf , Gottwald Carina , Roessler Florian , Royl Georg , Eckey Thomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesEndovascular treatment (ET), in addition to a therapy with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator IV rt‐PA in patients with acute ischemic stroke, has been found to improve outcome. However, data about ET in patients who have not received therapy with rt‐PA due to contraindications for IV rt‐PA are sparse. Comparison of ET with IV rt‐PA versus ET alone in patients with stroke is done using a proximal intracranial arterial occlusion (internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery (M1‐Segment)).MethodsDuring a 5‐year period (2011–2016), 236 patients (mean age, 69 ± 14 years; 46% women; median NIHSS score 13 ± 5) who were treated at the Department of Neurology and Neuroradiology at the University of Lübeck, undergoing ET with or without IV rt‐PA were included and analyzed.ResultsA total of 144 patients (61%) underwent ET + IV rt‐PA, and 92 patients (39%) underwent ET only. The ET with IV rt‐PA is associated with a higher rate of favorable functional outcomes (mRS≤2) at discharge from hospital (51.4% vs. 23.1%, p < .001) and lower rate of in‐hospital mortality (9% vs. 19.6%, p = .019) and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage [sICH] (2.1% vs. 8.7%; p = .019) compared to ET, whereas the modified treatment in cerebral infarction score (mTICI) did not differ between the groups.In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, the ET + IV rt‐PA was associated with an increased probability of favorable functional outcome (OR, 4.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2–8.5; p < .001). For the in‐hospital mortality (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.29–1.9; p = .76) and sICH (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.07–1.2; p = .09), no differences were found.ConclusionRecanalization results after endovascular treatment are not relevantly improved in patients receiving rt‐PA. However, an additional therapy with IV rt‐PA has a positive impact on functional outcome.
Target‐setting for ecological resilience: Are companies setting environmental sustainability targets in line with planetary thresholds?
Authors: Haffar Merriam , Searcy Cory 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to explore the extent to which companies are setting organization‐centric versus resilience‐based environmental targets in their sustainability reports. We define ecological resilience through the planetary thresholds identified by the Planetary Boundaries (PB) framework. On this basis, we define resilience‐based targets as corporate environmental targets that are connected (quantitatively or qualitatively) to these thresholds. Sustainability reports issued by 50 sustainability leader firms in Canada were analyzed to identify environmental sustainability targets. These targets were classified as resilience‐based and organization‐centric based on their connection to the PB framework. A total of 303 targets were identified, distributed across eight different corporate performance areas. None of these targets was found to be quantitatively tied to any PB thresholds. A small number of targets did nevertheless make reference to the global/regional ecological processes that underpin some of the Boundaries. These targets made reference to only five of the nine Boundaries described by the framework. This study highlights the extent of organization‐centric environmental targets in corporate sustainability reports. The implications of setting such targets are discussed, along with the challenges of adopting resilience‐based targets. This study also discusses the reasons why companies may not be adopting a resilience‐based approach to set sustainability targets and measure performance, despite increasing calls from stakeholders to do so. On this basis, several recommendations are also provided for managers to guide resilience‐based target‐ and goal‐setting.
Demographic, mental health, and offending characteristics of online child exploitation material offenders: A comparison with contact‐only and dual sexual offenders
Authors: Henshaw Marie , Ogloff James R. P. , Clough Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTechnological advances have dramatically increased the ability to access, distribute and produce child exploitation material (CEM) online, resulting in increased numbers of individuals being charged with CEM offences. This study examined the demographic, mental health, and offending characteristics of CEM offenders (n = 456) in comparison to child contact sexual offenders (n = 493) and offenders with a history of both CEM and contact offences (dual offenders, n = 256). A robust data linkage methodology was employed to link records from statewide corrections services with policing and mental health records in Victoria, Australia. The results indicated that CEM offenders differed from both contact and dual offenders, and that the groups were primarily differentiated based on two factors: antisocial orientation and sexual deviance. CEM offenders demonstrated high rates of sexual deviance but low rates of antisociality, contact offenders exhibited the opposite pattern, and dual offenders had both high sexual deviance and antisociality. The findings suggest that existing sexual offender assessment and treatment frameworks are unlikely to be suitable for exclusive CEM offenders. The implications for future research are discussed.
The bidirectional association among female hormone‐related cancers: breast, ovary, and uterine corpus
Authors: Chen Min‐Chi , Lee Kuan‐Der , Lu Chang‐Hsien , Wang Ting‐Yao , Huang Shih‐Hao , Chen Chao‐Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBreast, ovarian, and uterine corpus cancers are common female cancers and categorized as hormone‐related diseases. Previous studies reported a unidirectional relationship for each cancer, but few studied the reciprocal association in the same cohort. A population‐based study was carried out in Taiwan to test the hypothesis that there are pairwise bidirectional associations among these cancers. Using the same cohort of 110,112 cases with primary female cancers including uterine corpus cancer (11,146 cases), ovarian cancer (12,139 cases), or breast cancer (86,827 cases) from the Taiwan Cancer Registry from 1979 to 2008, the pairwise risks of second cancer among uterine corpus, ovary, and breast cancer cases were evaluated by standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to quantify the excess of second malignancies. A reciprocal relationship was found for these three female cancers, particularly most prominent between uterine and ovarian cancers, followed by breast and uterine cancers as well as breast and ovarian cancers. The overall risk of second cancers was highest within the first 5 years after the diagnosis of primary cancer. The bidirectional relationships suggest common risk factors among these three female cancers. This is the largest cohort study to focus on the bidirectional associations among hormone‐related cancers in Asian women, and these results could aid in the development of early prevention strategies and follow‐up surveillance programs.
Lipin‐1 determines lung cancer cell survival and chemotherapy sensitivity by regulation of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and autophagy
Authors: Fan Xueyu , Weng Yuanyuan , Bai Yongfeng , Wang Zongpan , Wang Siwei , Zhu Jin , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCancer cells undergo comprehensive metabolic reprogramming to meet the increased requirements of energy and building blocks for proliferation. Lipin‐1, a phosphatidic acid phosphatase converting phosphatidic acid (PA) to diacylglycerol (DAG), is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines and tumor tissues. In this study, we reveal high lipin‐1 expression is correlated with poor prognosis of patients with LUAD. Knockdown of lipin‐1 decreases cell viability and proliferation in LUAD cells, whereas it has less effect on nontumorigenic lung cells. Autophagy and ER stress play important roles in tumor initiation and progression. Lipin‐1 knockdown induces the initiation of autophagy while disrupts formation of autolysosome. Lipin‐1 silencing induces the activation of ER stress through the IRE1α pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate disrupted ER homeostasis contributes to the cell phenotype, and the elevated autophagy initiation is due to the ER stress in part. For the first time, we show lack of lipin‐1 enhances the sensitivity of LUAD cells to cisplatin treatment. Our results suggest that lipin‐1 is a potential target, alone or combined with other treatment, for lung cancer therapy.
Analysis of potential genes and pathways associated with the colorectal normal mucosa–adenoma–carcinoma sequence
Authors: Wu Zhuoxuan , Liu Zhen , Ge Weiting , Shou Jiawei , You Liangkun , Pan Hongming , Han Weidong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the colorectal normal mucosa–adenoma–carcinoma sequence using bioinformatics analysis. Raw data files were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and underwent quality assessment and preprocessing. DEGs were analyzed by the limma package in R software (R version 3.3.2). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed with the DAVID online tool. In a comparison of colorectal adenoma (n = 20) and colorectal cancer (CRC) stage I (n = 31), II (n = 38), III (n = 45), and IV (n = 62) with normal colorectal mucosa (n = 19), we identified 336 common DEGs. Among them, seven DEGs were associated with patient prognosis. Five (HEPACAM2, ITLN1, LGALS2, MUC12, and NXPE1) of the seven genes presented a sequentially descending trend in expression with tumor progression. In contrast, TIMP1 showed a sequentially ascending trend. GCG was constantly downregulated compared with the gene expression level in normal mucosa. The significantly enriched GO terms included extracellular region, extracellular space, protein binding, and carbohydrate binding. The KEGG categories included HIF‐1 signaling pathway, insulin secretion, and glucagon signaling pathway. We discovered seven DEGs in the normal colorectal mucosa–adenoma–carcinoma sequence that was associated with CRC patient prognosis. Monitoring changes in these gene expression levels may be a strategy to assess disease progression, evaluate treatment efficacy, and predict prognosis.
Train the child and teach the adult: Developing intervention strategies for increasing seafood consumption
Authors: Birch Dawn , Dean David , Fazal‐e‐Hasan Syed Muhammad , Lawley Meredith 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite increasing levels of per capita seafood consumption globally, consumption levels across the population vary with many consumers eating less than recommended weekly intakes. This study investigates the influence of childhood patterns of seafood consumption, consumer confidence in selecting and preparing seafood, adult eating habits, and lifestyle on seafood consumption. Partial least squares structural equation modelling analysis was conducted using a sample of 1,318 Australian adults. The results show that consuming seafood regularly in childhood and developing the confidence to select and prepare seafood as an adult contribute to the development of seafood eating habits. Subsequently, a habit of consuming seafood leads to a lifestyle involving regular consumption of seafood. The results indicate the need to develop and implement intervention strategies for encouraging childhood seafood consumption (“train the child”) and increasing adults' confidence in selecting and preparing seafood (“teach the adult”). Intervention strategies proposed include educational programmes targeted at both children and adults, combined with the development of seafood products that appeal to children and suit the changing lifestyle needs of today's 21st century consumers.
Characterization of Carboxylic Acid Reductases for Biocatalytic Synthesis of Industrial Chemicals
Authors: Kramer Levi , Hankore Erome Daniel , Liu Yilan , Liu Kun , Jimenez Esteban , Guo Jiantao , Niu Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCarboxylic acid reductases (CARs) catalyze the reduction of a broad range of carboxylic acids into aldehydes, which can serve as common biosynthetic precursors to many industrial chemicals. This work presents the systematic biochemical characterization of five carboxylic acid reductases from different microorganisms, including two known and three new ones, by using a panel of short‐chain dicarboxylic acids and hydroxy acids, which are common cellular metabolites. All enzymes displayed broad substrate specificities. Higher catalytic efficiencies were observed when the carbon chain length, either of the dicarboxylates or of the terminal hydroxy acids, was increased from C2 to C6. In addition, when substrates of the same carbon chain length are compared, carboxylic acid reductases favor hydroxy acids over dicarboxylates as their substrates. Whole‐cell bioconversions of eleven carboxylic acid substrates into the corresponding alcohols were investigated by coupling the CAR activity with that of an aldehyde reductase in Escherichia coli hosts. Alcohol products were obtained in yields ranging from 0.5 % to 71 %. The de novo stereospecific biosynthesis of propane‐1,2‐diol enantiomer was successfully demonstrated with use of CARs as the key pathway enzymes. E. coli strains accumulated 7.0 mm (R)‐1,2‐PDO (1.0 % yield) or 9.6 mm (S)‐1,2‐PDO (1.4 % yield) from glucose. This study consolidates carboxylic acid reductases as promising enzymes for sustainable synthesis of industrial chemicals.
An unusual case of coronary artery compression that did not preclude successful transcatheter pulmonary valve placement
Authors: Schwartz Matthew C. , Felix Donald , Iacono Karen , Nykanen David 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDuring transcatheter pulmonary valve placement, coronary compression observed during simultaneous right ventricular outflow tract angioplasty and coronary angiography typically contraindicates valve implantation. We present a unique patient with tetralogy of Fallot who underwent successful transcatheter Melody valve placement despite coronary compression observed during right ventricular outflow tract balloon angioplasty.
Correlative Multiscale 3D Imaging of a Hierarchical Nanoporous Gold Catalyst by Electron, Ion and X‐ray Nanotomography
Authors: Fam Yakub , Sheppard Thomas L. , Diaz Ana , Scherer Torsten , Holler Mirko , Wang Wu , Wang Di , Brenner Patrice , Wittstock Arne , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTomographic imaging of catalysts allows non‐invasive investigation of structural features and chemical properties by combining large fields of view, high spatial resolution, and the ability to probe multiple length scales. Three complementary nanotomography techniques, (i) electron tomography, (ii) focused ion beam—scanning electron microscopy, and (iii) synchrotron ptychographic X‐ray computed tomography, were applied to render the 3D structure of monolithic nanoporous gold doped with ceria, a catalytically active material with hierarchical porosity on the nm and μm scale. The resulting tomograms were used to directly measure volume fraction, surface area and pore size distribution, together with 3D pore network mapping. Each technique is critically assessed in terms of approximate spatial resolution, field of view, sample preparation and data processing requirements. Ptychographic X‐ray computed tomography produced 3D electron density maps with isotropic spatial resolution of 23 nm, the highest so far demonstrated for a catalyst material, and is highlighted as an emerging method with excellent potential in the field of catalysis.
Enantiopure Phospha[1]ferrocenophanes: Textbook Examples of Through‐Space Nuclear Spin–Spin Coupling
Authors: Sadeh Saeid , Cao My P. T. , Quail J. Wilson , Zhu Jianfeng , Müller Jens 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThree enantiopure phospha[1]ferrocenophanes (2R) equipped with either a phenyl, an isopropyl, or a tert‐butyl group at the bridging phosphorus atom were synthesized by a salt‐metathesis approach in isolated yields between 52 and 63 %. The chirality in these strained sandwich compounds stems from the planar‐chiral ferrocene moiety, which is symmetrically equipped with two iPr groups adjacent to phosphorus. Surprisingly, all three phospha[1]ferrocenophanes show an uncommon through‐space nuclear 1H–31P coupling. As a result of the embedded symmetry, these new compounds are ideal examples to differentiate between through‐space and through‐bond coupling mechanisms in NMR spectroscopy.
Evolution from S3 to S4 States of the Oxygen‐Evolving Complex in Photosystem II Monitored by Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Dynamics
Authors: Narzi Daniele , Capone Matteo , Bovi Daniele , Guidoni Leonardo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWater oxidation in the early steps of natural photosynthesis is fulfilled by photosystem II, which is a protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane inside chloroplasts. The water oxidation reaction occurs in the catalytic core of photosystem II, which consists of a Mn4Ca metal cluster, at which, after the accumulation of four oxidising equivalents through five steps (S0–S4) of the Kok–Joliot cycle, two water molecules are split into electrons, protons, and molecular oxygen. In recent years, by combining experimental and theoretical approaches, new insights have been achieved into the structural and electronic properties of different steps of the catalytic cycle. Nevertheless, the exact catalytic mechanism, especially concerning the final stages of the cycle, remains elusive and greatly debated. Herein, by means of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics simulations, from the structural, electronic, and magnetic points of view, the S3 state before and upon oxidation has been characterised. In contrast with the S2 state, the oxidation of the S3 state is not followed by a spontaneous proton‐coupled electron‐transfer event. Nevertheless, upon modelling the reduction of the tyrosine residue in photosystem II (TyrZ) and the protonation of Asp61, spontaneous proton transfer occurs, leading to the deprotonation of an oxygen atom bound to Mn1; thus making it available for O−O bond formation.
Toward a general mixed quantum/classical method for the calculation of the vibronic ECD of a flexible dye molecule with different stable conformers: Revisiting the case of 2,2,2‐trifluoro‐anthrylethanol
Authors: Cerezo Javier , Aranda Daniel , Avila Ferrer Francisco J. , Prampolini Giacomo , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Longhi Giovanna , Abbate Sergio , Santoro Fabrizio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe extend a recently proposed mixed quantum/classical method for computing the vibronic electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum of molecules with different conformers, to cases where more than one hindered rotation is present. The method generalizes the standard procedure, based on the simple Boltzmann average of the vibronic spectra of the stable conformers, and includes the contribution of structures that sample all the accessible conformational space. It is applied to the simulation of the ECD spectrum of (S)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroanthrylethanol, a molecule with easily interconvertible conformers, whose spectrum exhibits a pattern of alternating positive and negative vibronic peaks. Results are in very good agreement with experiment and show that spectra averaged over all the sampled conformational space can deviate significantly from the simple average of the contributions of the stable conformers. The present mixed quantum/classical method is able to capture the effect of the nonlinear dependence of the rotatory strength on the molecular structure and of the anharmonic couplings among the modes responsible for molecular flexibility. Despite its computational cost, the procedure is still affordable and promises to be useful in all cases where the ECD shape arises from a subtle balance between vibronic effects and conformational variety.
Temporal trends in management and outcomes of testicular cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Leveridge Michael J. , Siemens D. Robert , Brennan Kelly , Izard Jason P. , Karim Safiya , An Howard , Mackillop William J. , Booth Christopher M. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDTreatment guidelines for early‐stage testicular cancer have increasingly recommended de‐escalation of therapy with surveillance strategies. This study was designed to describe temporal trends in routine clinical practice and to determine whether de‐escalation of therapy is associated with inferior survival in the general population.METHODSThe Ontario Cancer Registry was linked to electronic records of treatment to identify all patients diagnosed with testicular cancer treated with orchiectomy in Ontario during 2000‐2010. Treatment after orchiectomy was classified as radiotherapy (RT), retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), chemotherapy, or none. Surveillance was defined as no identified treatment within 90 days of orchiectomy. Overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were measured from the date of orchiectomy.RESULTSThe study population included 1564 and 1086 cases of seminomas and nonseminoma germ cell tumors (NSGCTs), respectively. Among patients with seminomas, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with no treatment within 90 days of orchiectomy (from 56% to 84%; P < .001); the use of RT decreased over time (from 38% to 8%; P < .001); and the use of chemotherapy remained stable (from 6% to 9%; P = .289). Practice patterns 90 days after orchiectomy remained stable over time among patients with NSGCTs: from 51% to 57% for no treatment (P = .435), from 43% to 43% for chemotherapy (P = .336), and from 9% to 3% for RPLND (P = .476). The OS rates for the entire cohort at 5 and 10 years were 97% and 96%, respectively; the CSS rates were 98% and 98%, respectively. There was no significant change in OS or CSS for patients with seminomas or NSGCTs during the study period.CONCLUSIONSThere has been substantial de‐escalation in the treatment of testicular cancer in routine practice since 2000. Long‐term survival in routine practice is excellent and has not decreased with the uptake of surveillance strategies. Cancer 2018;124:2724‐2732. © 2018 American Cancer Society