bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Social Gradient in the Effects of the Skills for Life Program on Self‐Efficacy and Mental Wellbeing of Adolescent Students
Authors: Pannebakker Fieke D. , van Genugten Lenneke , Diekstra René F. W. , Gravesteijn Carolien , Fekkes Minne , Kuiper Rebecca , Kocken Paul L. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe goal of the current study was to evaluate the effects of the Social Emotional Learning program Skills 4 Life on mental health and its risk factors self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, and social interaction skills in students of secondary schools.METHODSA cluster randomized controlled study was conducted, including 38 schools (66 classes; grades 7 to 9) for secondary education, with a 1 year and 20 months follow‐up (teachers and students reports).RESULTSThe intervention was effective in improving self‐efficacy, depressive symptoms, and teacher‐reported psychological problem behavior, all after 20 months. Stratified analyses showed effects in mainly lower educational level students.CONCLUSIONThe Skills 4 Life curriculum is effective in improving the mental health and self‐efficacy among adolescents, especially for adolescents from lower educational level, a group that is most prone to ill mental health.
The Interplay between the One and the Others: Multiple Cultural Identifications and Social Networks
Authors: Repke Lydia , Benet‐Martínez Verónica 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article proposes a social network approach to the study of multiple cultural identifications. We argue that social network theory and social network methodology are essential for a truly dynamic examination of how multiple cultural identifications develop and how they are negotiated. This article starts by defining some relevant concepts (i.e., cultural identification, Bicultural Identity Integration, social networks), and then goes on to integrate these concepts into a micro–meso‐level framework by discussing the bidirectional links between cultural identifications and social networks (i.e., their content and their structure). We, then, explicate how social and cultural psychology can gain theoretically and methodologically from social network analysis. Finally, we conclude with some recommendations for researchers who seek to include social networks in their approach, and also discuss general and specific policy implications.
Flushing of peripheral intravenous catheters: A pilot, factorial, randomised controlled trial of high versus low frequency and volume in paediatrics
Authors: Kleidon Tricia M , Keogh Samantha , Flynn Julie , Schults Jessica , Mihala Gabor , Rickard Claire M 
Published: April 2019

AimTo test the feasibility of an efficacy trial comparing different flushing frequencies and volumes to reduce peripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) failure in paediatric inpatients.MethodsPilot, 2 × 2 factorial, randomised controlled trial comparing PIVC flushing techniques in intervention pairs: (i) low volume (3 mL) versus high volume (10 mL); and (ii) low frequency (24 hourly) versus high frequency (6 hourly). Patients were excluded if: fluids were restricted, weight < 5 kg, PIVC already in situ for >24 h or continuous infusion. The primary end‐point was feasibility (eligibility, recruitment, retention, protocol adherence, missing data and sample size estimates) of a large trial. Secondary end‐points were PIVC failure (composite and individual), bloodstream infection and mortality.ResultsA total of 919 children were screened from April to November 2015, with 55 enrolled. Screening feasibility criteria were not met, mainly due to continuous infusions and PIVCs in situ >24 h or planned for imminent removal. However, 80% of eligible participants consented, 2% withdrew, protocol adherence was 100%, and there was no missing primary end‐point data. PIVC failure was significantly higher (hazard ratio = 2.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–7.54) in the 3 mL compared to the 10 mL group. There was no difference in failure between frequency groups (hazard ratio = 0.91, 95% confidence interval: 0.36–2.33). There was no interaction effect (P = 0.22).ConclusionTrial feasibility proved challenging due to eligibility criteria, which could be improved with additional recruiting staff. Firm conclusions cannot be made based on this small sample, but flush volume may impact PIVC failure.
In vitro evaluation of complement deposition and opsonophagocytic killing of Rhodococcus equi mediated by poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine hyperimmune plasma compared to commercial plasma products
Authors: Folmar Chelsea N. , Cywes‐Bentley Colette , Bordin Angela I. , Rocha Joana N. , Bray Jocelyne M. , Kahn Susanne K. , Schuckert Amanda E. , Pier Gerald B. , Cohen Noah D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe bacterium Rhodococcus equi can cause severe pneumonia in foals. The absence of a licensed vaccine and limited effectiveness of commercial R. equi hyperimmune plasma (RE‐HIP) create a great need for improved prevention of this disease.HypothesisPlasma hyperimmune to the capsular polysaccharide poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine (PNAG) would be significantly more effective than RE‐HIP at mediating complement deposition and opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) of R. equi.AnimalsVenipuncture was performed on 9 Quarter Horses.MethodsThe ability of the following plasma sources to mediate complement component 1 (C1) deposition onto either PNAG or R. equi was determined by ELISA: (1) PNAG hyperimmune plasma (PNAG‐HIP), (2) RE‐HIP, and (3) standard non‐hyperimmune commercial plasma (SP). For OPK, each plasma type was combined with R. equi, equine complement, and neutrophils isolated from horses (n = 9); after 4 hours, the number of R. equi in each well was determined by quantitative culture. Data were analyzed using linear mixed‐effects regression with significance set at P < .05.ResultsThe PNAG‐HIP and RE‐HIP were able to deposit significantly (P < .05) more complement onto their respective targets than the other plasmas. The mean proportional survival of R. equi opsonized with PNAG‐HIP was significantly (P < .05) less (14.7%) than that for SP (51.1%) or RE‐HIP (42.2%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePlasma hyperimmune to PNAG is superior to RE‐HIP for opsonizing and killing R. equi in vitro. Comparison of these 2 plasmas in field trials is warranted because of the reported incomplete effectiveness of RE‐HIP.
In search of leisure time: An endogenous growth model with leisure services
Authors: Candela Guido , Castellani Massimiliano , Dieci Roberto 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStarting from the Ladrón‐de Guevara et al.’s framework, we develop a model with an additional sector for the production of leisure services. By introducing consumption of leisure services as a time‐consuming activity, our model generalizes the standard time allocation problem whereby total available time can be allocated between work, education, free time and leisure activities. We analytically characterize the balanced growth paths of the model, particularly in terms of time allocation and growth. Our comparative analysis of different service economies assumed at equilibrium includes the case of an industrial economy without a service sector and the potential multiple equilibria of such an economy.
Chewing lice from high‐altitude and migrating birds in Yunnan, China, with descriptions of two new species of Guimaraesiella
Authors: Gustafsson D. R. , Lei L. , Luo K. , Chu X. , Zhao X. , Zhang Q. , Zou F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn total, 366 birds representing 55 species in 24 families and eight orders, were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) in two high‐altitude localities in Yunnan Province, China. In Ailaoshan, almost all of the birds examined were resident passeriforms, of which 36% were parasitized by chewing lice. In Jinshanyakou, most birds were on migration, and included both passerine and non‐passerine birds. Of the passerine birds caught in Jinshanyakou, only one bird (0.7%) was parasitized by chewing lice. The prevalence of Myrsidea and Brueelia‐complex lice on birds caught in Ailaoshan was higher than in previous reports. Of the chewing lice identifiable to species level, three represent new records for China: Actornithophilus hoplopteri (Mjöberg, 1910), Maculinirmus ljosalfar Gustafsson & Bush, 2017 and Quadraceps sinensis Timmermann, 1954. In total, 17 new host records are included, of which we describe two as new species in the Brueelia‐complex: Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) ailaoshanensis sp. nov. ex Schoeniparus dubius dubius (Hume, 1874) and G. (C.) montisodalis sp. nov. ex Fulvetta manipurensis tonkinensis Delacour & Jabouille, 1930.This published work has been registered in ZooBank,
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9FC3D8EE‐2CED‐4DBE‐A1DB‐471B71260D27.
Lack-of-Fit Tests for Quantile Regression Models
Authors: Dong Chen , Li Guodong , Feng Xingdong 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe paper novelly transforms lack-of-fit tests for parametric quantile regression models into checking the equality of two conditional distributions of covariates. Accordingly, by applying some successful two-sample test statistics in the literature, two tests are constructed to check the lack of fit for low and high dimensional quantile regression models. The low dimensional test works well when the number of covariates is moderate, whereas the high dimensional test can maintain the power when the number of covariates exceeds the sample size. The null distribution of the high dimensional test has an explicit form, and the p-values or critical values can then be calculated directly. The finite sample performance of the tests proposed is examined by simulation studies, and their usefulness is further illustrated by two real examples.
Jurassic igneous rocks of the central Sanandaj–Sirjan zone (Iran) mark a propagating continental rift, not a magmatic arc
Authors: Azizi Hossein , Stern Robert J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractJurassic igneous bodies of the Sanandaj–Sirjan zone (SaSZ) in SW Iran are generally considered as a magmatic arc but critical evaluation of modern geochronology, geochemistry and radiogenic isotopes challenges this conclusion. There is no evidence for sustained igneous activity along the ~1,200 km long SaSZ, as expected for a convergent plate margin; instead activity was brief at most sites and propagated NW at ~20 mm/a. Jurassic igneous rocks define a bimodal suite of gabbro‐diorite and granite. Chemical and isotopic compositions of mafic rocks indicate subcontinental lithospheric mantle sources that mostly lacked subduction‐related modifications. The arc‐like features of S‐type granites reflect massive involvement of Cadomian crust and younger sediments to generate felsic melts in response to mafic intrusions. We conclude that Jurassic SaSZ igneous activity occurred in a continental rift, not an arc. SaSZ igneous rocks do not indicate that subduction along the SW margin of Eurasia began in Jurassic time.
A review of acupuncture in obstetrics and gynaecology
Authors: Karim Faisal , Dilley James , Cheung Elaine 
Published: April 2019

Key content

Acupuncture is an ancient form of medicine involving sensory stimulation via needle insertion.

In the UK, Western medical acupuncture (WMA), an adaptation of traditional Chinese approach, is used in varying circumstances, including in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Outcome studies have demonstrated that acupuncture can be effective in pain management, fertility and obstetrics (during pregnancy, intrapartum and postpartum).

Acupuncture is safe and has a very low risk of adverse incidents if carried out by trained and accredited practitioners.

Learning objectives

To understand that there is a different but complementary option available when treatment success is not achieved with Western medicine and that women may opt for acupuncture over more recognised treatment options.

To be aware that studies have shown that acupuncture can be a beneficial treatment, but most studies are non‐randomised.

Ethical issues

Women should be given information about all suitable treatments, including acupuncture, to make an informed choice.
Autoequivalences of twisted K3 surfaces
Authors: Reinecke Emanuel 
Published: April 2019

Derived equivalences of twisted K3 surfaces induce twisted Hodge isometries between them; that is, isomorphisms of their cohomologies which respect certain natural lattice structures and Hodge structures. We prove a criterion for when a given Hodge isometry arises in this way. In particular, we describe the image of the representation which associates to any autoequivalence of a twisted K3 surface its realization in cohomology: this image is a subgroup of index $1$or $2$in the group of all Hodge isometries of the twisted K3 surface. We show that both indices can occur.
A Temperature Model for Synchronized Ultrasonic Torrefaction and Pelleting of Biomass for Bioenergy Production
Authors: Sun Mingman , Yang Yang , Zhang Meng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Low-energy and volumetric density of biomass has been a major challenge, hindering its large-scale utilization as a bioenergy resource. Torrefaction is a thermochemical pretreatment process that can significantly enhance the properties of biomass as a fuel by increasing the heating value and thermal stability of biomass materials. Densification of biomass by pelleting can greatly increase the volumetric density of biomass to improve its handling efficiency. Currently, torrefaction and pelleting are processed separately. So far, there has been little success in dovetailing torrefaction and pelleting, which only requires a single material loading to produce torrefied pellets. Synchronized ultrasonic torrefaction and pelleting has been developed to address this challenge. Synchronized ultrasonic torrefaction and pelleting can produce pellets of high energy and volumetric density in a single step, which tremendously reduces the time and energy consumption compared to that required by the prevailing multistep method. This novel fuel upgrading process can increase the biomass temperature to 473–573 K within tens of seconds to create torrefaction. Studying the temperature distribution is crucial to understand the fuel upgrading mechanism since pellet energy density, thermal stability, volumetric density, and durability are all highly related to temperature. A rheological model was established to instantiate biomass behaviors when undergoing various ultrasonic vibration conditions. Process parameters including ultrasonic amplitude, ultrasonic frequency, and pelleting time were studied to show their effects on temperature at different locations in a pellet. Results indicated that the volumetric heat generation rate was greatly affected by both ultrasonic amplitude and frequency. This model can help to understand the fuel upgrading mechanism in synchronized ultrasonic torrefaction and pelleting and also to give guidelines for process optimization to produce high-quality fuel pellets.
Individuals with migraine have a different dry eye symptom profile than individuals without migraine
Authors: Farhangi Monika , Diel Ryan J , Buse Dawn C , Huang Amy Michelle , Levitt Roy C , Sarantopoulos Constantine D , Felix Elizabeth R , Galor Anat 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundMany individuals with migraine report symptoms of dry eye (DE). However, it is not known whether DE profiles are similar between individuals with and without migraine. To bridge this gap, we evaluated symptoms and signs of DE, including symptoms suggestive of nerve dysfunction, in a large group of individuals with DE symptoms, and compared profiles between individuals with migraine and those without migraine or headache.MethodsProspective cross-sectional study of individuals with DE symptoms seen at the Miami VA.ResultsOf 250 individuals, 31 met International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for migraine based on a validated screen. Individuals with migraine were significantly younger (57 vs 62 years) and more likely to be female (26% vs 6%) than controls. Individuals with migraine had more severe DE symptoms and ocular pain compared with controls (mean Ocular Surface Disease Index 53.93 ± 21.76 vs 36.30 ± 22.90, p=0.0001; mean Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory modified for the Eye 39.39 ± 23.33 vs 21.86 ± 20.17, p=0.0001). The difference in symptom profile occurred despite similar ocular surface parameters between the groups.ConclusionsIndividuals with migraine had a different DE symptom yet a similar DE sign profile when compared with controls without migraine. This suggests that DE symptoms in individuals with migraine may be driven by nerve dysfunction as opposed to ocular surface abnormalities.
Safety of 6000 intravitreal dexamethasone implants
Authors: Rajesh Bindu , Zarranz-Ventura Javier , Fung Adrian T , Busch Catharina , Sahoo Niroj Kumar , Rodriguez-Valdes Patricio J , Sarao Valentina , Mishra Sanjay Kumar , Saatci A Osman , Udaondo Mirete Patricia , Querques Giuseppe , Farah Michel Eid , Lanzetta Paolo , Arevalo J Fernando , Kodjikian Laurent , Chhablani Jay 
Published: April 2019

PurposeTo evaluate the real-life safety profile of intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection for various retinal conditions.MethodsRetrospective multicenter analysis of intravitreal dexamethasone implant injections (700 µg) due to various retinal conditions including central retinal venous occlusion (1861 injections), diabetic macular oedema (3104 injections), post-surgical cystoid macular oedema (305 injections) and uveitis (381 injections). The eyes were evaluated mainly for the occurrence of adverse events such as glaucoma, cataract, retinal detachment and endophthalmitis along during the follow-up period.ResultsA total of 6015 injections in 2736 eyes of 1441 patients (mean age of 65.7±12.9 years) were in total analysed over an average period of 18 months (range 6 months to 102 months). A total of 576 eyes (32.5% of the phakic eyes) developed cataract requiring surgical intervention. However, visually insignificant cataract progression was observed in another 259 phakic eyes (14.6%) which did not require surgical removal. A total of 727 eyes (26.5%) experienced an intraocular pressure (IOP) rise of >25 mm Hg, with 155 eyes (5.67%) having a prior history of glaucoma and 572 eyes (20.9%) having new onset IOP rise. Overall, more than 90% of eyes with IOP rise were managed medically, and 0.5% eyes required filtering surgery. Endophthalmitis (0.07%), retinal detachment (0.03%) and vitreous haemorrhage (0.03%) were rare. There was no significant change in visual acuity (p=0.87) and central macular thickness (p=0.12) at the last follow-up.ConclusionThis is the largest real-life study assessing the safety of intravitreal dexamethasone implant injections in various retinal conditions. Cataract progression and intraocular pressure rise are the most common side effects, but are often rather easily manageable.
Improving patients’ ability to identify their physicians through the use of physician facecards and whiteboards
Authors: Wahlberg Kramer , Lambirth Shea , Gardner Zechariah 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundHospitalised patients are often not able to correctly identify members of their physician team. Identifying physicians is a critical component of developing the patient–physician relationship and visual aids have been shown to improve physician identification and overall patient satisfaction.ObjectivesThe aim of this quality improvement study was to assess the impact of implementation of a physician facecard on the ability of patients to identify their attending physician and other members of the physician team, as well as to evaluate current use of patient whiteboards for physician team identification.MethodsWe prospectively studied 149 patients admitted to the medicine teaching service, who were randomised to receive a physician facecard or usual care. Patients were surveyed to determine their ability to identify physician team members. Observational data was also collected regarding use of patient whiteboards. Additionally, all hospitalists were surveyed to assess their perception of these visual aids.ResultsPatients who received the facecard were more likely to recall the name of the attending physician as compared with the control group (63% vs 32%, p<0.01). Additionally, 68% of patients with the attending name correctly listed on their whiteboard were able to correctly identify the attending physician (p<0.01). Ninety per cent of patients who both received a facecard and had their whiteboard correctly filled out were able to identify the attending physician. Eighty per cent of hospitalists surveyed agreed that use of the facecard added value and 90% disagreed that routine use of the facecard was burdensome.ConclusionThe use of physician facecards improves the ability of hospitalised patients to identify their attending physicians, and the combined use of facecards and whiteboards may provide additive benefits.
The rise of hunger among low-income households: an analysis of the risks of food insecurity between 2004 and 2016 in a population-based study of UK adults
Authors: Loopstra Rachel , Reeves Aaron , Tarasuk Valerie 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundRising food bank use in the past decade in the UK raises questions about whether food insecurity has increased. Using the 2016 Food and You survey, we describe the magnitude and severity of the problem, examine characteristics associated with severity of food insecurity, and examine how vulnerability has changed among low-income households by comparing 2016 data to the 2004 Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey.MethodsThe Food and You survey is a representative survey of adults living in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (n=3118). Generalised ordered logistic regression models were used to examine how socioeconomic characteristics related to severity of food insecurity. Coarsened exact matching was used to match respondents to respondents in the 2004 survey. Logistic regression models were used to examine if food insecurity rose between survey years.Results20.7% (95% CI 18.7% to 22.8%) of adults experienced food insecurity in 2016, and 2.72% (95% CI 2.07% to 3.58%) were severely food insecure. Younger age, non-white ethnicity, low education, disability, unemployment, and low income were all associated with food insecurity, but only the latter three characteristics were associated with severe food insecurity. Controlling for socioeconomic variables, the probability of low-income adults being food insecure rose from 27.7% (95% CI 24.8% to 30.6 %) in 2004 to 45.8% (95% CI 41.6% to 49.9%) in 2016. The rise was most pronounced for people with disabilities.ConclusionsFood insecurity affects economically deprived groups in the UK, but unemployment, disability and low income are characteristics specifically associated with severe food insecurity. Vulnerability to food insecurity has worsened among low-income adults since 2004, particularly among those with disabilities.