bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring knowledge and perceptions of palliative care to inform integration of palliative care education into cystic fibrosis care
Authors: Dellon Elisabeth P. , Helms Sarah W. , Hailey Claire E. , Shay Rosemary , Carney Scott D. , Schmidt Howard Joel , Brown David E. , Prieur Mary G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) face the challenges of managing a chronic, progressive disease. While palliative care is a standard of care in serious illnesses, there are no guidelines for its incorporation into CF care. Patients with CF, caregivers, and CF care providers may lack knowledge about palliative care and perceive barriers to integrated care.ObjectivesTo: 1) explore knowledge and perceptions of palliative care among patients with CF, caregivers, and CF care providers; 2) solicit opinions about incorporating palliative care into routine CF care; and 3) solicit recommendations for CF‐specific palliative care education for patients and caregivers.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with adult patients with CF, parents of adolescents with CF, and CF care providers to assess knowledge and perceptions of palliative care. Discussion included suggestions for palliative care education and integration into CF care. The sample was characterized using summary statistics. Key themes were identified using qualitative content analysis.ResultsTen patients with CF, ten parents, and eight CF care providers participated. Many had minimal knowledge of palliative care and endorsed the association with end of life as a barrier to palliative care, but after learning more about palliative care, thought it could be helpful, and should be introduced earlier.ConclusionsIn this single center study, many patients with CF, caregivers, and providers lacked knowledge about palliative care. These findings warrant replication in a larger, multisite study to inform palliative care educational interventions as a step toward consistent integration of palliative care into routine CF care.
Inflammation and asthma control in children with comorbid obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Rogers Valerie E. , Bollinger Mary E. , Tulapurkar Mohan E. , Zhu Shijun , Hasday Jeffrey D. , Pereira Kevin D. , Scharf Steven M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesA bi‐directional relationship exists between asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in which presence of one is associated with increased prevalence and severity of the other. Our objective was to determine whether OSA accounted for differences in airway and systemic inflammation in asthmatic children and whether inflammation was associated with asthma control. We hypothesized that greater severity of SDB would correlate with increased upper airway and systemic inflammation and result in reduced asthma control.MethodsNon‐obese children aged 4‐12 years with persistent asthma, with or without OSA were recruited. Asthma control was measured with the Childhood Asthma Control Test. Children underwent polysomnography and blood sampling, and children with OSA underwent clinically indicated adenotonsillectomy. Tonsils and sera were analyzed for 11 cytokines.ResultsTwenty‐seven children (20 with OSA, seven without OSA) participated, mean age 7.9 years, 55.6% female, 92.6% African American. Levels did not differ for any cytokine between children with and without OSA. Lower nadir oxygen saturation was associated with higher levels of tonsil TNF‐α (P < 0.001) and IL‐10 (P < 0.05). Higher REM‐related apnea‐hypopnea index was associated with higher levels of tonsil TNF‐α (P < 0.05). Children with uncontrolled asthma had significantly higher levels of serum IL‐10, IL‐13, and TNF‐α, and tonsil TNF‐α (all P < 0.05) than well‐controlled asthmatic children. There was no association between OSA, or any polysomnography variable, and asthma control.ConclusionsDespite the presence of OSA‐associated airway inflammation, and asthma control‐associated airway and systemic inflammation, OSA was not related to level of asthma control in this non‐obese, largely minority, low income sample.
The shaping of selection: Secondary migration, scale, and changing immigrant geographies
Authors: Goodwin‐White Jamie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe internal migration and settlement patterns of immigrants have long been of interest in assessing immigrant outcomes. Here, I use U.S. census microdata from 1940, 1970, and 2000 to analyse the changing relationships between secondary migration, immigrant concentration, and earnings outcomes. By simultaneous estimation of models for those who undertake internal migration and those who do not, the endogenous switching regressions employed here relate individual and place characteristics to earnings outcomes through the mechanism of selective migration. Investigating how these relationships change over time and between generations, as well as the differing relevance of overall mobility versus intercounty migration, contributes to theoretical perspectives on spatial assimilation and secondary migration. The critical finding is that immigrant concentration at destination is positively associated with wage outcomes for movers, although remaining in immigrant concentrations can have negative effects. Effects are more significant for those undertaking larger scale moves and more consistent over time. Women and less educated individuals who move show diminished earnings disadvantages. These findings suggest that it is useful to think about migration as a strategy through which immigrants respond to vulnerability and that the advantages or disadvantages of immigrant context are related to selective migration. Additionally, the characteristics experienced by a previous immigrant generation in situ suggest that the salience of immigrant geography emerges over time, as metros with high immigrant wages and educational levels continue to attract immigrants and their offspring decades later.
A systematic study on the generation of multimetallic lanthanide fullerene ions by laser ablation mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Yiyun , Ma LiFu , Mu Lei , Ren Juan , Kong Xianglei 
Published: June 2018

RationaleLaser ablation masss spectromety has been previously proved to be a powerful tool for studying endohedro metallofullerene (EMF) ions. Our previous study showed the possiblity of forming multi‐metallofullerene ions containg more than six metal atoms for La, Y and Lu. Thus, it is important to conduct a systematic study on the generation of multi‐metallofullerenes and their distribuitons for all lanthanide elements.MethodsExperiments were performed on a 7.0 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. Laser ablation mass spectra were obtained by laser irradiation on mixtures of graphene and MCl3 on a stainless steel plate, applying a 355 nm Nd:YAG laser with a typical energy of 2.5 mJ/pulse. Reaction test experiments were performed by introducing O2 into the FTICR cell with a pulse valve.ResultsMulti‐metallofullerene ions
,
,
,
,
,
,
were observed in the mass spectra. For the metals Sm and Eu, no multi‐metallofullerene ion was observed. No reaction with O2 was observed in the reaction experiments, verifying that these species had endohedral structures. For the observed series of multi‐metallofullerene ions, tri‐metallofullerene ions dominated their mass spectra. The results were further compared with previously generated EMF ions for La, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu.ConclusionsEndohedral lanthanide metallofullerene ions were generated by laser ablation of graphene and the corresponding metal salts MCl3 (M = Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy and Ho) and studied with a FTICR mass spectrometer. Typically, multi‐metallofullerene ions of
and
were observed. The results show that the formation of multi‐EMF ions containing lanthanides that have +3 and + 4 oxidation states is easier than those containing +2 oxidation states in the process of laser ablation.
Serendipity in dark photon searches
Authors: Ilten Philip , Soreq Yotam , Williams Mike , Xue Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSearches for dark photons provide serendipitous discovery potential for other types of vector particles. We develop a framework for recasting dark photon searches to obtain constraints on more general theories, which includes a data-driven method for determining hadronic decay rates. We demonstrate our approach by deriving constraints on a vector that couples to the B-L current, a leptophobicBboson that couples directly to baryon number and to leptons viaB-γkinetic mixing, and on a vector that mediates a protophobic force. Our approach can easily be generalized to any massive gauge boson with vector couplings to the Standard Model fermions, and software to perform any such recasting is provided athttps://gitlab.com/philten/darkcast.
F-theory and AdS3/CFT2 (2, 0)
Authors: Couzens Christopher , Martelli Dario , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We continue to develop the program initiated in [1] of studying supersymmetric AdS3 backgrounds of F-theory and their holographic dual 2d superconformal field theories, which are dimensional reductions of theories with varying coupling. Imposing 2d

$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(0,2\right) $$

N
=

0
2

supersymmetry,wederivethegeneralconditionsonthegeometryforTypeIIB AdS3 solutions with varying axio-dilaton and five-form flux. Locally the compact part of spacetime takes the form of a circle fibration over an eight-fold

$$ {\mathcal{Y}}_8^{\tau } $$

Y
8
τ

, which is elliptically fibered over a base

$$ {\tilde{\mathrm{\mathcal{M}}}}_6 $$

ℳ
˜

6

. We construct two classes of solutions given in terms of a product ansatz

$$ \tilde{{\mathrm{\mathcal{M}}}_6}=\varSigma \times {\mathrm{M}}_4 $$

ℳ
6

˜

=
Σ
×

M
4

, where Σ is a complex curve and

$$ {\tilde{\mathrm{\mathcal{M}}}}_4 $$

ℳ
˜

4

is locally a Kähler surface. In the first class

$$ {\tilde{\mathrm{\mathcal{M}}}}_4 $$

ℳ
˜

4

is globally a Kähler surface and we take the elliptic fibration to vary non-trivially over either of these two factors, where in both cases the metrics on the total space of the elliptic fibrations are not Ricci-flat. In the second class the metric on the total space of the elliptic fibration over either curve or surface are Ricci-flat. This results in solutions of the type AdS3 × K3 × ℳ
5

τ

, dual to 2d (0, 2) SCFTs, and AdS3 × S
3/Γ × CY
3, dual to 2d (0, 4) SCFTs, respectively. In all cases we compute the charges for the dual field theories with varying coupling and find agreement with the holographic results. We also show that solutions with enhanced 2d

$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(2,2\right) $$

N
=

2
2

supersymmetry must have constant axio-dilaton. Allowing the internal geometry to be non-compact leads to the most general class of Type IIB AdS5 solutions with varying axio-dilaton, i.e. F-theoretic solutions, that are dual to 4d

$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$

N
=
1

SCFTs.
Clockwork/linear dilaton: structure and phenomenology
Authors: Giudice Gian F. , Kats Yevgeny , McCullough Matthew , Torre Riccardo , Urbano Alfredo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe linear dilaton geometry in five dimensions, rediscovered recently in the continuum limit of the clockwork model, may offer a solution to the hierarchy problem which is qualitatively different from other extra-dimensional scenarios and leads to distinctive signatures at the LHC. We discuss the structure of the theory, in particular aspects of naturalness and UV completion, and then explore its phenomenology, suggesting novel strategies for experimental searches. In particular, we propose to analyze the diphoton and dilepton invariant mass spectra in Fourier space in order to identify an approximately periodic structure of resonant peaks. Among other signals, we highlight displaced decays from resonantly-produced long-lived states and high-multiplicity final states from cascade decays of excited gravitons.
Climate warming shortens flowering duration: a comprehensive assessment of plant phenological responses based on gene expression analyses and mathematical modeling
Authors: Nagahama Ai , Kubota Yasuhiro , Satake Akiko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere is an increasing potential to incorporate recent advances in our understanding of molecular‐genetic pathways of flowering‐time regulation to forecast shifts in flowering phenology in response to rising temperature. Recent studies developed models that integrate temperature and photoperiod signals into the network of floral regulatory genes, and predicted the shortening of flowering duration under warming based on the expression dynamics of major flowering‐time genes in the perennial herb Arabidopsis halleri subsp. gemmifera. Nevertheless, empirical testing of the model prediction is still lacking. We performed temperature manipulation experiments and common garden experiments to test the model predictions using plants from two distant populations of A. halleri. We also quantified expression levels of two major flowering‐time genes and compared the observed and predicted gene expression patterns. Our experiments in the laboratory and the field demonstrated that flowering duration of A. halleri was significantly shortened under warming conditions. Our results also revealed that the end of flowering was more sensitive to the climate warming than the onset of flowering in A. halleri. The observed gene expression dynamics in the warming condition were predicted well by the gene regulatory model. The transplant experiment of plants from Hokkaido, the northernmost island, to the subtropical field site in Okinawa, Japan, showed that plants flowered without significant activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T, a floral integrator crucial for the accelerated flowering in long days. The study suggested that the redundancy of flowering gene regulatory network could be beneficial to the persistence of flowering ability under extreme climatic conditions.
Frequentist Model Averaging in Structural Equation Modelling
Authors: Jin Shaobo , Ankargren Sebastian 
Published: June 2018

Model selection from a set of candidate models plays an important role in many structural equation modelling applications. However, traditional model selection methods introduce extra randomness that is not accounted for by post-model selection inference. In the current study, we propose a model averaging technique within the frequentist statistical framework. Instead of selecting an optimal model, the contributions of all candidate models are acknowledged. Valid confidence intervals and a χ2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\chi ^2$$\end{document} test statistic are proposed. A simulation study shows that the proposed method is able to produce a robust mean-squared error, a better coverage probability, and a better goodness-of-fit test compared to model selection. It is an interesting compromise between model selection and the full model.
An Epidemiologic Perspective on Scaphoid Fracture Treatment and Frequency of Nonunion Surgery in the USA
Authors: Dy Christopher J. , Kazmers Nikolas H. , Baty Jack , Bommarito Kerry , Osei Daniel A. 
Published: June 2018

Background Scaphoid fractures treated non-operatively and operatively may be complicated by nonunion. Questions/Purposes We sought to test the primary hypothesis that the incidence density of scaphoid fracture treatment is higher than previously estimated, to determine the frequency and risk factors for nonunion treatment, and to determine whether the frequency of surgical treatment increased over time. Methods The MarketScan® database was queried for all records of treatment (casting and surgery) for closed scaphoid fractures over a 6-year period. We examined subsequent claims to determine frequency of additional procedures for nonunion treatment (revision fixation or vascularized grafting occurring 28 days or more after initial treatment). Trend analyses were used to determine whether changes in frequency of surgical treatment or revision procedure occurred. Results The estimated incidence density of scaphoid fracture is 10.6 per 100, 000 person-years in a commercially insured population of less than 65 years of age. Of 8923 closed scaphoid fractures, 29 and 71% were treated with surgery and casting, respectively. The frequency of surgical treatment rose significantly, from 22.1% in 2006 to 34.1% in 2012. The frequency of nonunion treatment was 10.8% after surgery and 3% after casting; neither changed over time. Younger age, male sex, and surgical treatment are associated with a higher risk of nonunion treatment. Conclusions Our estimated incidence of scaphoid fracture is higher than previously reported. The increased enthusiasm in the USA to surgically treat scaphoid fractures is reflected by our trend analysis. The frequency of surgical treatment for presumed nonunion after initial surgical management for closed scaphoid fractures exceeded 10%. Given the increased utilization of surgery, surgeons and patients should be aware of the frequency of nonunion treatment to inform treatment decisions.
Identity development in people with mild intellectual disability: A short-term longitudinal study
Authors: Rękosiewicz Małgorzata 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe objective of the study was to diagnose changes in the identity of individuals with mild intellectual disability (ID) in late adolescence and emerging adulthood, comparing them to their non-disabled peers. The dual-cycle model of identity formation of Luyckx et al. was employed (Developmental Psychology, 42, 366–380, 2006). The study included 127 participants living in Poland. Three waves were performed at half-year intervals. TheDimensions of Identity Development Scalein its modified version for people with ID was used (DIDS/PL-1; RękosiewiczStudia Psychologiczne, 53, 19–31, 2015). People from the four study groups (A - late adolescents with ID, B - emerging adults with ID, C - late adolescents within the intellectual norm, D - emerging adults within the intellectual norm) in the main did not differ from one another in respect of the dimensions of identity formation. Over time, there was an increase in commitment making and identification with commitment, but only among adolescents with ID. None of the groups demonstrated significant changes in exploration in breadth, in depth, nor in ruminative exploration. It was successfully demonstrated that people with mild ID are not distinct on all dimensions of identity formation when compared to their peers within the intellectual norm. Minor changes in identity may indicate a longer period of identity formation, or dynamic changes coming earlier – during early adolescence or later – in early adulthood.
Personality, school, and family: What is their role in adolescents' subjective well‐being
Authors: Lampropoulou Aikaterini 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis article presents a multidimensional approach to subjective well‐being in adolescence. Multiple factors regarding personality, family, and school are examined in relation to Greek adolescents' subjective well‐being. The participants of the study were 714 adolescents and their parents (302 boys and 412 girls) attending Junior High School (average age = 14.6, SD = .05) and High School (average age = 17.4, SD = .07). The results showed that specific personality, family, and school factors can be used as predictors of subjective well‐being. This study is largely explorative in an effort to enrich a limited database regarding adolescents' subjective well‐being and as an impetus to research in‐depth the specific domain. The findings are significant since not only do they provide an insight into adolescents' subjective well‐being but they also have potential implications for the better practice of school psychologists.
Gut microbiome and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis may support the membrane hypothesis
Authors: He Ying , Kosciolek Tomasz , Tang Jinsong , Zhou Yao , Li Zongchang , Ma Xiaoqian , Zhu Qiyun , Yuan Ning , Yuan Liu , Li Chunwang , Jin Ke , Knight Rob , Tsuang Ming T. , Chen Xiaogang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground:The microbiota-gut-brain axis and membrane dysfunction in the brain has attracted increasing attention in the field of psychiatric research. However, the possible interactive role of gut microbiota and brain function in the prodromal stage of schizophrenia has not been studied yet.Methods:To explore this, we collected fecal samples and performed Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) scans in 81 high risk (HR) subjects, 19 ultra-high risk (UHR) subjects and 69 health controls (HC). Then we analyzed the differences in gut microbiota and choline concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).Results:Presences of the orders Clostridiales, Lactobacillales and Bacteroidales were observed at increase levels in fecal samples of UHR subjects compared to the other two groups. The composition changes of gut microbiota indicate the increased production of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), which could activate microglia and then disrupt membrane metabolism. Furthermore, this was confirmed by an increase of choline levels, a brain imaging marker of membrane dysfunction, which is also significantly elevated in UHR subjects compared to the HR and HC groups.Conclusion:Both gut microbiome and imaging studies of UHR subjects suggest the membrane dysfunction in the brain and hence might support the membrane hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Prognostic predictive value of TLR4 polymorphisms in Han Chinese population with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Han Ke , Li Yan‐Ping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiac disease and is an important cause of sudden death in patients of all ages. The aim of this study was to find out whether Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR4) polymorphism is associated with HCM. To explore the association between TLR4 gene polymorphisms and HCM, 486 HCM patients and 214 healthy controls were enrolled in a case–control study of Chinese Han population. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of TLR4 gene, −728G > C (rs11536865) and −2081G > A (rs10983755), were genotyped by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). The associations between TLR4 SNPs and overall survival (OS) of HCM patients were analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier estimation method and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Serum TLR4 level was determined by ELISA. Our results showed that the C allelic frequency of −728G > C and A allelic frequency of −2081G > A were higher in HCM patients than those in controls (P < 0.001). The ratios of genotype frequencies for both SNPs were associated with HCM susceptibility under three genetic models (P < 0.01). Two SNPs were also associated with the OS in HCM patients (P < 0.001). The CC genotype of −728G > C and AA genotype of −2081G > A were associated with poor prognosis of HCM (P < 0.001). Moreover, HCM patients had a higher serum TLR4 level compared with the controls (242.6 pg/ml versus 135.7 pg/ml, P = 0.027). In addition, significant associations were observed between CC genotype of −728G > C or AA genotype of −2081G > A and plasma TLR4 level (P < 0.01). The results of this study indicated that TLR4 polymorphisms may be a genetic susceptibility factor for HCM in the Han Chinese population.