bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fit for life after cancer: does exercise timing matter?
Authors: O'Connor Dominic , Daly Ailish , Mulvin Conor , Lennon Olive 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of a single exercise session per week for 6 weeks on quality of life (QoL), fatigue and exercise participation in male and female cancer survivors with follow-up at 6 months. A secondary aim was to identify if the timing of exercise delivery determined its effect.MethodsAn exploratory prospective cohort study design was implemented. Twenty-five patients undergoing or who had completed cancer treatment (11 active treatment; 14 completed treatment) undertook exercise and educational sessions (Fit for Life) 1×/week. The Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL C-30 (EORTC QLQ C-30) and the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) were used to assess fatigue, QoL and exercise levels, respectively. Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention, and after 6 months.ResultsThere was a significant group × time interaction for the GLTEQ at 6 months post in favour of exercising during active treatment (p=0.01). No other group × time interactions were observed across the EORTC QLQ C-30 or BFI. There was a significant main effect for time for EORTC QLQ C-30 Global with a significant increase observed between pre and 6 months post.ConclusionsExercise 1×/week delivered during treatment may impact on long-term exercise participation in adult cancer survivors. This lower volume programme may improve QoL, but has minimal effect on fatigue suggesting an insufficient exercise dosage to impact this variable. This study generates interesting proof of concept results and may be helpful in the development of larger randomised controlled trials.
Immunophenotypic dysplasia and aberrant T-cell antigen expression in acute myeloid leukaemia with complex karyotype andTP53mutations
Authors: Dannheim Katelyn C , Pozdnyakova Olga , Dal Cin Paola , Weinberg Olga K 
Published: August 2018

AimsCytogenetic and molecular aberrations are the strongest factors in determining outcome in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). AML with complex karyotype confers a particularly poor prognosis and is associated with morphologic dysplasia. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) has been investigated in defining dysplasia within myelodysplastic syndromes, but little is known about immunophenotypic dysplasia in AML and correlation with genetic abnormalities. This study aimed to explore differences in antigen expression by FCI in AML with complex karyotype (AML-CK) and AML with complex karyotype andTP53mutations (AML-TP53) compared with AML with normal karyotype (AML-NK).MethodsTwenty-five cases of AML-CK, 13 of which had abnormalities ofTP53, were compared with 83 cases of AML-NK using FCI.ResultsOur findings demonstrated brighter expression of CD34 with decreased CD33 and aberrant expression of CD5 in blasts of AML-CK, while AML-TP53 blasts exhibited brighter expression of CD13. Granulocytes in AML-CK exhibited brighter expression of CD5, CD7, CD10 and CD14, with brighter CD3 also seen in AML-TP53.ConclusionsOur results suggest that immunophenotypic dysplasia correlates with complex karyotype andTP53mutation, including increased expression of T-cell antigens.
Usage of purchased self-tests for HIV infections among migrants living in the UK, France and the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bil Janneke P , Prins Maria , Fakoya Ibidun , Volny-Anne Alain , Burns Fiona , Zuure Freke R 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesSelf-tests are performed and interpreted autonomously by a person without involving a healthcare professional or a certified laboratory. To gain insight into the usage of purchased HIV self-tests (HIVST) among migrants living in high-income countries, we studied the prevalence and determinants of HIVST usage among migrants living in the UK, France and the Netherlands.MethodsWe used web-based questionnaire data collected between April 2014 and July 2015 among migrants living in the UK, France and the Netherlands who participated in the cross-sectional community survey of the aMASE (advancing Migrant Access to health Services in Europe) study. HIVST usage in the preceding 12 months and the corresponding 95% CIs were calculated. Using univariate logistic regression analyses, determinants of HIVST usage were evaluated.ResultsAmong 477 migrants living in the UK (n=235), France (n=98) and the Netherlands (n=144), HIVST usage in the preceding 12 months was 1.89% (9/477, 95% CI 0.66% to 3.11%). As all nine HIVST users were men who have sex with men (MSM), we restricted our univariate analyses to MSM (n=240). HIVST usage was borderline significantly lower among MSM living in France and the Netherlands compared with those living in the UK (UK: reference; France: OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.03 to 1.14; the Netherlands: OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.00 to 1.05). Age, region of birth, educational level, registration at a general practitioner, recent number of male sexual partners and hard drug use were not associated with HIVST usage among MSM.ConclusionsHIVST usage among migrants from the UK, France and the Netherlands was relatively low between 2014 and 2015 but higher among migrant MSM. To increase HIV testing rates among migrants, programmes need to be developed to promote HIVST among this group. Also, as more countries approve usage of HIVST, systems need to be established to ensure linkage to confirmatory testing and care following a positive test.
Monte Carlo simulation for ultracold neutron experiments searching for neutron–mirror neutron oscillation
Authors: Biondi Riccardo 
Published: August 2018

Neutron oscillation into mirror neutron, a sterile state exactly degenerate in mass with the neutron, could be a very rapid process, even faster than the neutron decay itself. It can be observed by comparing the neutron lose rates in an ultracold neutron trapping experiment for different experimental magnetic fields. We developed a Monte Carlo code that simulates many of the features of this kind of experiment with nonuniform magnetic fields. The aim of the simulation is to provide all necessary tools, needed for analyzing experimental results for neutron traps with different geometry and different configurations of magnetic fields. This work contains technical details on the Monte Carlo simulation used for the analysis in Ref. 46 not presented in it.
A Faith Built on Awe
Authors: Shapiro Kenneth 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Reframing atheism as a set of positive beliefs, I describe a way of living in the world in which atheism requires faith, defined as a commitment to beliefs that are both logically and empirically not subject to proof. Faithful atheists have faith in and take spiritual nourishment from being in the presence of a world which is awesome and wonderful both in that it is immediately available and that it is and will always remain at least partly opaque to understanding. They do so without positing a God or inflating the reach of reason. Their way of living is characterized by “sensational presence” (full attention to and staying with a present moment) and the courage to accept that their access and understanding whether in relation to other people, other animals, and nature more generally, is always limited. This inherent residual opacity grounds their respect and sense of mystery in each of these realms.
The Origin of Atmospheric Hydrogen
Authors: Nichols Robert L. 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Hydrogen is steadily being formed in the atmosphere in various ways while at the same rate it is being lost, so that it is maintained as a “permanent” constituent, amounting to about 1 part in 10,000 by volume in the lower atmosphere, though there is extremely little if any in the upper atmosphere. From geologic times H2 can have been and still be added to the air in many ways, which are listed below. It is being lost by diffusion through the upper atmosphere to space and used up by soil bacteria.
Further Study in Relationship Between Fruit and Air Temperatures
Authors: Powell Philip J. 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Summarizing, the following points are emphasized as being important considerations in the proper heating of orange groves in Florida to protect the fruit against low temperatures:1.) With a fast drop of the air temperature, the fruit temperature tends to parallel it closely. With slowly falling or stationary air temperature, the fruit temperature invariably drops lower than the air temperature, except occasionally when freezing of the fruit has already begun. On dry nights, exposed oranges tend to maintain a temperature as much as 3° or more lower than a stationary or slowly falling air temperature. On nights when dew and frost form on the fruit, this temperature difference is usually reduced to from 1° to 2°. The factors believed responsible for this radically different characteristic of Florida oranges, as compared with California oranges, are the thinner rind and the greater amount of moisture in the rind of the Florida orange. Both these properties cause a faster rate of cooling by allowing more rapid conduction of heat from within the orange to the surface than does the thicker, drier skin of the California orange.2.) The proper use of fruit thermometers provides the best temperature index in scientific grove heating. On nights of dry cold, unshielded fruit thermometer records are representative of true grove conditions. From experimental data, however, it appears that to obtain reliable records on nights when the dew point temperature is high and frost forms, the puncture in the fruit made by the thermometer must be sealed with petroleum jelly, or some other suitable substance, to prevent the frost particles from coming in contact with the fruit juice at this point; otherwise, premature crystallization in the fruit will occur.
The Climate of the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Conrad V. 
Published: August 2018

Synopsis
I. In the first part the characteristic observational facts are given. Average comfortable winter temperatures, hot summers, and a dry period in summer are the significant features. Cloudiness is little, even in winter, in the rainy period.
II. The physical explanation is based on the pressure distribution and the main streamlines of the air. In winter, a “lake of low pressure” above the Mediterranean Sea caused by the warm surface water is embedded in the huge region of high pressure from the center of action at the Azores reaching to the continental high pressure. The warm sea intensifies cyclones invading from the Atlantic and gives rise to cyclones in the three parts of the Mediterranean Sea: the Gulf of Lyon, the Adriatic Sea, and the Cyprus region. The first and the last and Northwest Africa as well, are regions of convergence, as is seen from the streamlines of January.
In summer the well developed west-to-east pressure gradient causes three main currents directed toward the Persian Gulf. The northern and southern currents, over the high pressure areas of the cool Black Sea and the Mediterranean, respectively, are lines of divergence; the middle current over the heated south European lands is one of convergence. The important wind systems are indicated by this representation. The rainlessness during summer in the southern and eastern portions of the basin finds its explanation in the wind systems, on the one hand, and in the stability of the atmosphere caused by thermal conditions, on the other hand.
III. In the last part important local climatic features are presented: excessive rains in the desert; the bora and other cold winds; winter easterlies of Palestine; peaks of temperature; great daily ranges of temperature in the deserts; and the airmass analysis of the sirocco.
Management of Acute Complications of Targeted Therapy in Patients With Cancer: A Review of Cases Managed in ICU
Authors: Pistone Aureliano , Durieux Valérie , Grigoriu Bogdan , Meert Anne-Pascale 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Targeted therapies, molecules in full expansion, are not free of side effects that can lead patients to intensive care. We performed an extensive review of the published evidence and propose a management strategy for acute complications of targeted therapy in critically ill patients with cancer. Methods: The literature search was performed in August 2017 using the Ovid Medline system by a scientific librarian and physicians. We made a review of cases admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) and a review of toxicities of grades greater or equal to 3. Results: Our search selected 59 articles. The main cardiovascular side effects requiring ICU are heart failure, which is generally reversible, severe hypertension, thrombotic and ischemic events, and rhythm disturbances. The main pulmonary side effects are interstitial lung disease essentially caused by crizotinib, respiratory infections, pneumothorax, and alveolar hemorrhage. The main gastrointestinal side effects are fulminant hepatitis that may be fatal, colitis that may be complicated by hemorrhage, and perforation. The main neurological side effect is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome essentially caused by bevacizumab. The main other side effects are Steven-Johnson syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis, and anaphylactic reactions. Conclusions: The side effects induced by targeted therapies may be fatal but are generally potentially reversible. The main treatment includes stopping current therapy and symptomatic management. Treatment rechallenge should be discussed on a case-by-case basis.
Reducing variability in apparent operative inclination during total hip arthroplasty: findings of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: O’Neill Christopher K J , Hill Janet C , Patterson Christopher C , Molloy Dennis O , Gill Harinderjit S , Beverland David E 
Published: August 2018

Aims: To determine which of 3 methods of cup insertion most accurately achieved a target apparent operative inclination (AOI) of 35° ± 2.5°: (1) Freehand; (2) Modified Mechanical Alignment Guide (MAG); or (3) Digital Inclinometer assisted. Methods: Using a cementless cup via a posterior approach in lateral decubitus 270 participants were recruited, with 90 randomised to each method. The primary outcome was the unsigned deviation from target AOI. The digital inclinometer was used to measure AOI in all cases, though the surgeon remained blinded to the reading intraoperatively for both the Freehand and MAG methods. Results: Mean deviation from target AOI for the Freehand, Modified 35° MAG and Digital Inclinometer techniques was 2.9°, 1.8° and 1.3° respectively. When comparing mean deviation from target AOI, statistically significant differences between the Freehand / Inclinometer groups ( p < 0.001), the Freehand / Modified 35° MAG groups ( p < 0.001) and the Digital Inclinometer / Modified 35° MAG groups ( p < 0.023) were evident. The Digital Inclinometer technique enabled the surgeon to achieve a target AOI of 35° ± 2.5° in 88% of cases, compared to 71% of Modified 35° MAG cases and only 51% of Freehand cases. Discussion: The Digital Inclinometer and the Modified 35° MAG techniques were both more accurate than the Freehand technique, with the Digital Inclinometer technique proving most accurate overall. Radiographic inclination (RI) is also influenced by operative anteversion; however, the greatest source of error with respect to RI occurs when the pelvic sagittal plane is not horizontal at the time of acetabular component insertion. Clinical Trial Protocol number: NCT01831401
The Effect of Exercise on Oxygen Content in Anemic Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Copur Ahmet Sinan , Dogar Hannan , Chao Zhang , Wallace Leandra , Henegar Kevin , Anderson Nashreen , Fulambarker Ashok 
Published: August 2018

Background: Anemia is reported in one-third of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Anemia, by decreasing oxygen content, can be a contributing factor for hypoxemia. We determined to find whether anemia causes more prominent hypoxia by decreasing the total oxygen content after exercise in anemic patients with COPD. Methods: Stable moderate-to-severe COPD patients with and without anemia were recruited. Arterial blood gas analyses were performed on room air before and after a 6-minute walking test (6MWT). Walking distance, oxygen saturation, and heart rate were recorded in each case before and after the 6MWT. Pulmonary function test measurements and other data were obtained from the chart. The mean and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables. The independent t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed for numerical covariate and univariate analyses. The paired t-test was used for the analyses of data before and after exercise. Results: A total of 24 male patients were included in the study; 12 of which were anemic. The oxygen content was decreased in the anemic group (15.22 ± 1.28 vs 15.07 ± 1.22) after exercise, but it was not significant. In the non-anemic group, no oxygen content decrease was observed after exercise (18.83 ± 1.41 vs 18.9 ± 1.37). Interestingly, the Spo2, but not Sao2, was significantly lower after exercise in anemic patients with COPD (93.46% ± 5.06% vs 88.20% ± 6.35% before and after exercise, respectively). Conclusions: Anemia does not cause more prominent hypoxemia after exercise in patients with COPD. However, the recorded Spo2 levels were significantly lower after exercise in the anemic patients with COPD.
Spatial working memory performance following acute sport-related concussion
Authors: Whitten Tara A , Mang Cameron S , Cosh Madeline S , Scott Stephen H , Dukelow Sean P , Benson Brian W 
Published: August 2018

Introduction An important problem in the field of sport-related concussion is the lack of a ‘gold-standard’ clinical assessment tool. Currently, the diagnosis relies heavily on self-reporting of symptoms and observation of clinical signs by medical professionals. To address this, our group has been motivated to develop objective measures of neurological impairment following concussion. Spatial working memory is an important aspect of cognitive function that might be impaired following concussion. In the present study, we measured spatial working memory using a robotic spatial span task. We first assessed test–retest reliability in 82 healthy athletes who underwent baseline testing across two athletic seasons using intraclass correlation coefficients. We then assessed spatial span performance relative to baseline in 47 athletes acutely following sport-related concussion using a reliable change index with 80% confidence limits to define impairment on an individual basis. Results We found good test–retest reliability for the mean span (a measure of spatial working memory span length; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79), and moderate reliability for the response duration (time taken per spatial target; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.64) in healthy athletes. However, only 19% of acutely concussed athletes showed evidence of impairment relative to baseline in mean span, and even fewer (9%) showed evidence of impairment in response duration. Analysis of serial position curves revealed primacy and recency effects for this task, but no group-level differences between concussed and healthy athletes. Analysis of specific types of errors showed a higher rate of substitution errors in the concussed group at baseline, suggesting possible malingering in a small number of athletes. Conclusion Overall, few athletes showed evidence of impaired spatial working memory acutely following concussion, suggesting either that spatial working memory is not commonly impaired acutely post-concussion, or that the present task is not sufficiently demanding.
Precision medicine in pediatric oncology
Authors: Burdach Stefan E. G. , Westhoff Mike-Andrew , Steinhauser Maximilian Felix , Debatin Klaus-Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOutcome in treatment of childhood cancers has improved dramatically since the 1970s. This success was largely achieved by the implementation of cooperative clinical research trial groups that standardized and developed treatment of childhood cancer. Nevertheless, outcome in certain types of malignancies is still unfavorable. Intensification of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy improved outcome only marginally at the cost of acute and long-term side effects. Hence, it is necessary to develop targeted therapy strategies.Here, we review the developments and perspectives in precision medicine in pediatric oncology with a special focus on targeted drug therapies like kinase inhibitors and inducers of apoptosis, the impact of cancer genome sequencing and immunotherapy.
Influence of TP53 Mutation on Survival in Patients With Advanced EGFR-Mutant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Aggarwal Charu , Davis Christiana W. , Mick Rosemarie , Thompson Jeffrey C. , Ahmed Saman , Jeffries Seth , Bagley Stephen , Gabriel Peter , Evans Tracey L. , Bauml Joshua M. , Ciunci Christine , Alley Evan , Morrissette Jennifer J.D. , Cohen Roger B. , Carpenter Erica L. , Langer Corey J. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose TP53 mutation (MT) in epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) -MT non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with poor response to targeted therapy; however, its impact on survival is not clearly established. Patients and Methods We performed an analysis of patients with stage IV EGFR MT NSCLC with available gene sequencing data. Associations between baseline characteristics; molecular profile, including TP53 MT; and survival outcomes were assessed. Results We identified 131 consecutive patients with EGFR MT; 81 (62%) had a TP53 MT, and 55 (42%) had other coexisting oncogenic MTs. Emergent EGFR T790M MT was observed in 42 patients (32%). Overall survival (OS) was longer for younger patients ( P = .003), never smokers ( P = .002), those with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1 ( P = .004), and emergent T790M MT ( P = .018). TP53 MT ( P = .021) and other coexisting oncogenic MTs ( P = 0.011) were associated with inferior OS. In a multivariable regression analysis adjusted for age, smoking, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and the presence of TP53 MT ( P = .063) and other coexisting MTs ( P = .064) did not achieve statistical significance. Patients with EGFR T790M /TP53 double MT had worse OS compared with patients with T790M MT alone (46.4 months v 82.9 months). In our series, five patients transformed to small-cell lung cancer (5.6%). All had TP53 MT. In four patients, allelic fraction of TP53 MT increased at the time of transformation. Conclusion The presence of TP53 and other coexisting MTs in EGFR MT NSCLC were associated with inferior OS, including patients with emergent T790M MT. An increase in TP53 mutation allelic fraction may potentially be a useful clinical predictor of small-cell transformation.