bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The share of pathogenic strains of Gram (-) along with profiles of drug resistance occurring in bacterial infections in patients hospitalized in Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice
Authors: Nalewajek Teresa , Echolc Bożena , Klekotak Renata , Ziora Dariusz , Czuba Zenon , Mazur Bogdan 
Published: May 2019

WstępZakażenia układu oddechowego wciąż stanowią zagrożenie dla zdrowia i życia ludzi. Nawracające zapalenia dróg oddechowych są niezwykle istotnym problemem ze względu na złożone przyczyny ich powstawania. W nawracających zakażeniach wiele chorób przewlekłych jest rozpoznawanych zbyt późno z powodu dużej różnorodności i zmienności objawów klinicznych. Zakażenia bakteryjne stanowią jedną z przyczyn zaostrzeń wielu obturacyjnych chorób układu oddechowego. W zakażeniach szpitalnych układu oddechowego dominują pałeczki Gram (-) <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i> spp., <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> i <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. Drobnoustroje izolowane z zakażeń coraz częściej charakteryzują się opornością na większość, a czasami nawet na wszystkie dostępne leki. Celem pracy była ocena częstości występowania różnych gatunków pałeczek Gram (-) oraz ich profili lekooporności.Materiał i metodyBadane gatunki pałeczek Gram (-) wyhodowano od pacjentów hospitalizowanych w Klinice Chorób Płuc i Gruźlicy Samodzielnego Publicznego Szpitala Klinicznego Nr 3 w Zabrzu w latach 2008–2012. Ocenie poddano wyniki badań bakteriologicznych plwociny i popłuczyn oskrzelowych przeprowadzonych w Laboratorium Mikrobiologicznym Katedry i Zakładu Mikrobiologii i Immunologii w Zabrzu Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach. W ciągu 5 lat wykonano 3810 badań popłuczyn oskrzelowych oraz plwocin.WynikiWyhodowano 1263 szczepy bakterii chorobotwórczych, w tym 818 szczepów pałeczek Gram (-), które stanowiły 64,8% ogólnej liczby bakterii patogennych. Drobnoustroje Gram (-) w latach 2008–2012 wykazały najwyższy odsetek oporności w stosunku do tetracyklin, następnie do penicylin i penicylin z inhibitorami, sulfonamidów i trimetoprymu, a w dalszej kolejności do cefalosporyn, chinolonów oraz aminoglikozydów.
Concentration of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in serum obtained from different vascular areas during surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Kędzierski Leszek , Kokot Michał , Biolik Grzegorz , Ziaja Damian , Ziaja Krzysztof , Duława Jan 
Published: May 2019

WstępLipokalina związana z żelatynazą granulocytów obojętnochłonnych (<i>neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin</i> – NGAL) jest białkiem sekrecyjnym znajdującym się w ziarnistościach granulocytów obojętnochłonnych, w komórkach śródbłonka oraz w różnych narządach układów oddechowego, pokarmowego, wydalniczego i rozrodczego. Zaangażowana w procesy zapalne w komórkach, uważana jest za jeden z najbardziej miarodajnych wczesnych wskaźników dysfunkcji nerek. Klasyczny zabieg naprawczy tętniaka aorty brzusznej można potraktować jako model badawczy ostrego uszkodzenia nerek. Podczas tej interwencji chirurgicznej dochodzi do jatrogennego uszkodzenia nerek. Technika zabiegu umożliwia pobranie krwi do badania z różnych obszarów naczyniowych.Materiał i metodyBadaniem objęto 21 chorych z tętniakiem aorty brzusznej, zakwalifikowanych do planowego leczenia chirurgicznego metodą klasyczną. W celu określenia stężenia NGAL w surowicy pobierano krew: z żyły obwodowej przed zabiegiem, bezpośrednio przed zwolnieniem zacisku z aorty, 5 minut po zwolnieniu zacisku z aorty, z żyły nerkowej bezpośrednio przed założeniem zacisku na aortę, bezpośrednio przed zwolnieniem zacisku z aorty, 5 minut po zwolnieniu zacisku z aorty, z żyły głównej dolnej bezpośrednio przed zwolnieniem zacisku z aorty.WynikiStężenie NGAL w surowicy uzyskanej z żyły obwodowej zwiększyło się istotnie po zabiegu. Bezpośrednio przed zwolnieniem zacisku z aorty odnotowano istotnie większe stężenie NGAL w surowicy uzyskanej z żyły głównej dolnej niż z żyły nerkowej.WnioskiZwiększenie stężenia NGAL w surowicy po zabiegu naprawczym tętniaka aorty brzusznej spowodowane jest większym napływem tej cytokiny do krążenia ogólnego z obszarów naczyniowych dolnej części ciała, niedokrwionej z powodu zaciśnięcia aorty.
Quelles évolutions pour la consommation d’énergie domestique et la gestion des ressources naturelles dans les bassins d’approvisionnement des grandes villes du Sud ?
Authors: Peltier Régis 
Published: May 2019

À l’occasion de la parution de ce numéro de Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, son coordonnateur tire un bilan des recherches-actions que lui-même et les équipes partenaires ont consacrées au bois-énergie en Afrique, pendant une quarantaine d’années. Il propose un schéma prospectif, pour expliquer en quoi ont été complémentaires ces actions, certaines portant sur la foresterie, l’agroforesterie, la bioénergie, et d’autres sur le social, l’économie, le droit, la fiscalité ou les politiques forestières. Il montre que, du fait de la démographie, les besoins en bois-énergie ont rejoint, puis dépassé, la productivité des bassins d’approvisionnement des grandes villes sahéliennes, au cours des années 1990. Par la suite, les services gouvernementaux et les ONG ont mené diverses tentatives et projets pour diminuer la consommation de bois-énergie, mieux gérer les formations naturelles et restaurer les systèmes agroforestiers. Ceci a permis de freiner la dégradation des ressources naturelles, de satisfaire les besoins des populations urbaines en énergie domestique et de fournir des revenus aux populations rurales. Cependant, cette dégradation est presque partout toujours en cours et la consommation est satisfaite au prix de la dégradation du capital productif des forêts. Pour l’avenir, l’hypothèse a été émise que, pour éviter des troubles sociaux urbains liés à la pénurie d’énergie domestique, tout en continuant à garantir des revenus aux ruraux, il est indispensable de combiner des politiques d’économie d’énergie, de restauration et de gestion des écosystèmes et des systèmes agroforestiers. Il faut substituer la partie de l’énergie domestique qui dépasse les capacités de production des bassins d’approvisionnement en bois-énergie. Ceci nécessitera de faire évoluer les politiques nationales sur le foncier, les taxes et les subventions, et d’établir des schémas régionaux d’aménagement.
Language Learning Process and Gender Difference Implied from the Turn-Takings Used in EFL Student Conversation Club
Authors: Ilmi Syaripa Nurul , Susilo Susilo , Hermagustiana Istanti 
Published: May 2019

This study aims at investigating the kinds of turn-taking mostly used by EFL learners, how the turn-takings are portrayed as a process of EFL learning, and how the EFL learners differ in making their turn-takings according to their gender. This study was qualitative in nature, using 10 members of English Club of English department students, Mulawarman University as the participants. The procedures of data collecting were video-tape recording observation and semi-structure interview. The data were analyzed by using conversational analysis and percentage frequencies. The result revealed that: 1) the kinds of turn-taking mostly used by the participants were adjacency pair and insertion sequence from the sequence type of turn-taking, almost all kinds turn-taking from the overlap turn-taking except the third party mediation, and other-repair and self-repair from the repair turn-taking; 2) all members of the English Club felt they acquired their languages as they practiced them in either written and spoken communication; and 3) the female members dominated talk than the male ones.
Body Mass Index and Breast Cancer Risks Among Igbo Women in Imo and Abia States, Nigeria: A Case Control Study
Authors: Oyamienlen Christopher S. , Adisa Charles A. , Dozie Ikechukwu N. S. , Oparaocha Evangeline T. , Anele Angelica A. , Anochiwa Kingsley C. 
Published: May 2019

Background: The association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer risk has been well recognized. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of BMI with breast cancer risks among women of Igbo origin in Imo and Abia states in South Eastern Nigeria.
Methods: The study was conducted at three different locations: Abia State University Teaching Hospital Aba, Abia State; Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State; and the Maranatha Specialist Mission Hospital, Aba, Abia State. This was a prospective hospital-based case control study. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric measures using a structured questionnaire. Collected data were imported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. In all, 681 patients participated in the study of which 347 were cases and 334 were controls. The T-test was used to assess statistical differences of height, weight, and BMI in the studied groups. Logistic regressions were used to calculate the multivariate odds ratio (OR) using 95% confidence interval (CI) with significant level set at p>0.05.
Results: Higher BMI is associated with increased risk of breast cancer. There was a significant statistical difference between the height of cases and controls in both pre-and post-menopausal women. The mean value of height was 161.14± 7.1cm among cases compared to controls which was 161.39 cm (p<0.05). The mean weight among cases was 66.34 ± 11.8kg compared to controls at 65.45 ± 9.2kg (p<0.05); the mean BMI was 25.6± 4.8kg/m2 among cases compared to controls 25.1± 4.6 kg/m2 (p<0.05).
Conclusion and Implications For Translation: Primary prevention measures are important to modestly curtail the increasing burden of obesity and high BMI. By controlling the weight, through physical activities, changes in diet and modestly alcohol intake will reduce the risk of breast cancer.
Key words: • Breast Cancer • Imo State • Abia State • South East Nigeria • Body Mass Index • Nigeria

© 2019 Oyamienlen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Gender Differences and Treatment Outcome among Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Nadarajah Kamini , khan Amer Hayat , Ali Irfhan , Aftab Raja Ahsan , Shaik Imam 
Published: May 2019

Aims and Objective:
The aim of the current manuscript is to determine the association between gender differences and drug-induced hepatotoxicity among patients receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy and to determine the outcome of the treatment.

Methods:
A retrospective observational study was conducted among tuberculosis patients at Respiratory Clinic of Penang General Hospital (PGH) and Bukit Mertajam Hospital. A validated data collection instrument was used to collect patients’ demographic and clinical data confirmation of drug induced hepatotoxicity among tuberculosis patients was based on biochemical criteria which included 3 fold increase in liver enzymes in response to anti TB medication. All results were analyzed through SPSS version 20.

Results:
The study subjects were predominantly males 146 (76.8%) than females 44 (23.2%). Drug-induced hepatotoxicity with anti-tuberculosis drugs was observed the most among Chinese 90 (47%) ethnicity. Eighty-five (72%) male and 33 female (28%) tuberculosis drug-induced (TB-DIH) patients had a successful treatment outcome. Female patients had a statistically significant positive association with successful TB-DIH treatment outcomes (OR=1.83, 0.988-3.390 95%CI). Upon multivariate analysis, Indian ethnicity (OR = 0.173, p = 0.024), patients with relapse of Tuberculosis (TB) (OR= 0.332, p = 0.032) and Human Immune Virus (HIV) (OR= 0.217, p = 0.027) were less likely to have successful TB-DIH treatment outcomes.

Conclusion:
Female Tuberculosis Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity (TB DIH) patients were more likely to have successful treatment outcomes. A number of factors such as Indian ethnicity, patients with relapse of Tuberculosis (TB) and patients with Human Immune Virus (HIV) were less likely to have successful TB DIH treatment outcomes.
Effect of Community Road Infrastructure, Socio-Demographic and Street Pattern in Promoting Walking as Sustainable Transportation Mode
Authors: Rifaat Shakil Mohammad , Pasha Mosabbir , Tay Richard , Barros Alex De 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Traffic demand is growing worldwide and the increased carbon emission from transport and travel activities is contributing to greenhouse gas emission and climate change. As the oil and gas capital of Canada, the city of Calgary has a very high carbon footprint per population and the reduction of automobile use is an important policy goal for the city. Walking, a part of active transportation promotes sustainable transportation initiative by reducing greenhouse gas emission. To encourage walking, favorable walking environment should be ensured which largely depends on street pattern and connectivity. However, the effect of street pattern on walking at community level was not explored much in previous studies, particularly at rapidly expanding city such as Calgary’s context.

Aims and Objectives:
The study identifies the effects of different neighborhood design and planning factors associated with the share of walking in work trips while controlling for differences in social economic characteristics of the neighborhood.

Methods:
A linear regression model was developed using community-level data from the 2011 census and the road infrastructure data of Calgary.

Results:
Our study finds that different street patterns and types of land use, length of train tracks, number of train stations and number of schools have significant effect on walking.

Conclusion:
Thus, different neighbourhood street patterns and land uses should be considered in the development of new communities for promoting active and sustainable transportation.
Information in United States Patents on works related to ‘Natural Fibers’: 2000-2018
Authors: Yorseng Krittirash , Sanjay Mavinkere R. , Tengsuthiwat Jiratti , Pulikkalparambil Harikrishnan , Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar , Siengchin Suchart , Moure Marta M. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
This era has seen outstanding achievements in materials science through
the advances in natural fiber-based composites. The new environmentally friendly and sustainability
concerns have imposed the chemists, biologists, researchers, engineers, and scientists to discover
the engineering and structural applications of natural fiber reinforced composites.

Objective:
To present a comprehensive evaluation of information from 2000 to 2018 in United
States patents in the field of natural fibers and their composite materials.

Methods:
The patent data have been taken from the external links of US patents such as IFI
CLAIMS Patent Services, USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet, Global Dossier, and Discuss.

Results:
The present world scenario demands the usage of natural fibers from agricultural and
forest byproducts as a reinforcement material for fiber reinforced composites. Natural fibers can be
easily extracted from plants and animals. Recently natural fiber in nanoscale is preferred over micro
and macro scale fibers due to its superior thermo-mechanical properties. However, the choice
of macro, micro, and nanofibers depends on their applications.

Conclusion:
This document presents a comprehensive evaluation of information from 2000 to
2018 in United States patents in the field of natural fibers and their composite materials.
Okul Öncesi Eğitim Etkinlik Planlarının Etkinlik Çeşidi ve Bireysel-Küçük/ Büyük Grup Olarak Planlanması Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: BÜYÜKTAŞKAPU SOYDAN Sema 
Published: May 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin etkinlik planlarında yer verdikleri etkinlik çeşitlerinin ve etkinlikleri bireysel- küçük/büyük grup olarak planlanma durumlarının belirlenmesidir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden, temel nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı araştırmanın örneklemi, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2013 Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programına göre okul öncesi öğretmenleri tarafından bizzat hazırlanmış altı adet okul öncesi eğitim programı etkinlik planı oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak döküman incelemesi kullanılmış, elde edilen veriler içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İçerik analizi sonucunda planların niceliksel özelliklerinin tablolaştırılmasında yüzde ve frekans değerleri dikkate alınmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları öğretmenlerin hazırladığı planlarda sanat etkinliği hariç diğer tüm etkinliklerin en çok büyük grup ile yapıldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Öğretmenlerin hazırladığı planlarda Okuma Yazmaya Hazırlık, Matematik, Fen, Oyun ve Hareket, Türkçe, Drama ve Müzik etkinliklerinde ikinci sırada bireysel etkinliklere, üçüncü sırada ise küçük grup etkinliklerine yer verdikleri belirlenmiştir. Sanat etkinliklerinin ise, en çok bireysel etkinlik, ikinci sırada büyük grup etkinliği ve küçük grup etkinliği şeklinde planlandığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca etkinliklere yer verme sıklıklarının Sanat, Oyun, Türkçe, Müzik, Okuma Yazmaya Hazırlık, Matematik Fen, Drama şeklinde sıralandığı görülmektedir. Planların yaklaşık %21’ inin Sanat, Oyun, Türkçe etkinliklerinden oluştuğu, yaklaşık % 9’unun Müzik, Okuma Yazmaya Hazırlık, Matematik ve yaklaşık % 8’sinin fen, drama etkinliklerinden oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir.
Normal Gelişim Gösteren ve Üstün Yetenekli Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Fen Bilimleri Özyeterlikleri ve Özyeterliklerine Cinsiyetin Etkisi
Authors: YILDIRIM Kübra Şengül , SARAÇOĞLU Sibel 
Published: May 2019

Araştırmanın
amacı; normal
gelişim gösteren ve üstün yeenekli ortaokul öğrencilerinin fen bilimleri özyeterliklerini ve özyeterliklerine cinsiyetin
etkisini incelemektir. tespit etmektir. Araştırma 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında Kayseri ili Melikgazi
ilçesinde yapılmıştır. Çalışma grubu ortaokul
çağındaki üstün yetenekli 191 ve normal gelişim gösteren 443 olmak üzere toplam
634 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama
deseni kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Fen Bilimleri Özyeterlik
Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçeğin güvenirlik katsayısı 0.917
olarak bulunmuştur. Verilerin analizi için bağımsız örneklem
t-testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları
ortaokul öğrencileri ile aynı düzeydeki üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin fen
bilimleri özyeterlikleri arasında üstün yetenekli öğrenciler lehine anlamlı bir
farklılık olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmada iki gruptaki öğrencilerin fen
özyeterlikleri arasında ustalık, duyuşsal özellikler ve teşvik faktörleri açısından
anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığını tespit etmek amacıyla, bu faktörler tek
tek ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Sonuçta; uygulanan ölçekteki ustalık, duyuşsal
özellikler ve teşvik faktörleri açısından üstün yetenekli öğrenciler lehine
anlamlı farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. Her iki gruptaki ortaokul öğrencilerinin özyeterlik puanları cinsiyet
değişkeni açısından incelendiğinde farklı cinsiyetteki öğrencilerin özyeterlik
düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı görülmektedir.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menyimpulkan Teks Hasil Observasi Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran MEA (Means-Ends Analysis) Siswa Kelas VII-1 SMP Bina Agung Tanjung Gusta Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Akbar Syahrizal , Ulfandari Anisa 
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil Dalam Menyimpulkan Teks Hasil Observasi Dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Mea (Means-Ends Analysis) Pada Siswa Kelas VII-1 Smp Bina Agung Tanjung Gusta Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Masalah yang mendasar adalah rendahnya kemampuan menyimpulkan siswa. Pendekatan penelitian ini mengunakan kualitatif deskriptif dalam bentuk PTK. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa dan Guru Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas VII-1. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara tes, wawancara, dan observasi. Prosedur penelitian ini menggunakan design Kemmis Mc Taggart, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah adanya peningkatan hasil pembelajaran menyimpulkan teks hasil observasi menggunakan model pembelajaran MEA setelah melakukan 2 siklus dengan rincian peningkatan dari 50 % yang tuntas menjadi 85%. Kata kunci: Teks hasil observasi, MEA, PTK
THE EFFECT OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PjBL) ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT
Authors: Afianti Risa , Sumarsih Sumarsih , Zainuddin Zainuddin 
Published: May 2019

This study aims to find out whether students’ achievement trough using Project Based Learning is higher than trough discussion method in writing procedure text. The research was conducted by experimental research used in two groups. They are experimental use Project Based Learning and control use Discussion Method. The subject of this were the students of SMP Negeri 2 Babalan class VII-2 and VII-3 consisted of 30 students for each class. To collecting the data was taken from writing test. After analyzing the data, it was found that the value of t-obs was 4.16 with degree of freedom (df) = 58 at the level of significance p(0.05) = 2,000. It means that t-obs is higher than t-table. It was found that teaching procedure text by using Project Based Learning is higher than discussion method. Project Based Learning has a significant effect on students’ achievement in writing procedure text. Key words: Project Based Learning, Writing achievement, Procedure Text.
VERBAL INTERACTION IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM USING FLANDERS INTERACTION ANALYSIS CATEGORIES SYSTEM (FIACS)
Authors: Mardiana Fitri , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Gultom Johannes Jefria 
Published: May 2019

The thesis deals with the dominant category used by teacher and the students during English classroom interaction, and the percentage of teacher’s talk and students’ talk during English classroom interaction using Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System (FIACS). Moreover, this study used descriptive qualitative design .The data of this study were utterances between English teacher and students during English classroom in XI-2 IPA of SMA Negeri 11 Medan.The instruments for data collection were observation tally sheet and video recording. The result showed all of the categories used in the teaching and learning process. It found from the percentage of all categories , the dominant category used by the teacher was Giving Direction (40.41% ). In the other hand the dominant category used by students was Student Talk-Response (57.60%). In addition, the percentage of Teacher Talk was 59.76%, and the percentage of Student Talk was 36.72% during classroom interaction in English lessons .It showed, the teacher more active and dominant talking than the students during verbal classroom interaction.Key words: Verbal Classroom Interaction, Teacher Talk, Student Talk, Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System