bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Reinforcing the Rules against Corruption: Whistleblowing to Improve the Saudi Economic Environment for Saudi Vision 2030
Authors: Altawyan Ahmed A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As international efforts mount to combat corruption, whistleblower protections have become increasingly important. As a G20 nation, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has made commitments to reinforce the rules relating to such communication. However, the lack of comprehensive laws has become an obstacle. This study examines the current whistleblowing laws and offers suggestions through which Saudi Arabia can achieve its goals for Saudi Vision 2030. To attract foreign investments and businesses, the Saudi Kingdom will need to prove that there are mechanisms in place to prevent instances of corruption. As there are already relevant examples provided by other nations, Saudi legislative bodies should be able to look to these examples to develop valid countermeasures to corruption.
The GCC Human Rights Declaration: An Instrument of Rhetoric?
Authors: El-Mumin Mustafa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Despite being promulgated in 2014 by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the Gulf Declaration of Human Rights (GDHR) has received little academic attention. Khalifa Alfadhel is one scholar who has sought to engage with the declaration, citing it as a significant regional document worthy of commendation due to its reconciliation of both Islamic and international notions of human rights, a feat other comparable regional human rights documents have yet to achieve. Furthermore, Alfadhel praises the GDHR as it embodies the GCC’s commitment to human rights and political reform, with the GDHR supplying the foundation for a regional customary law regime. This article questions such claims, arguing that Alfadhel has overlooked unambiguous flaws that contradict the GDHR’s alleged regional promotion of human rights, ultimately undermining its supposed significance. Certainly, this article highlights how the GDHR is a rhetorical document that intrinsically negates the same rights it purports to protect.
LAMP Upgraded Convection and Total Lightning Probability and “Potential” Guidance for the Conterminous United States
Authors: Charba Jerome P. , Samplatsky Frederick G. , Kochenash Andrew J. , Shafer Phillip E. , Ghirardelli Judy E. , Huang Chenjie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Localized Aviation MOS Program (LAMP) convection and lightning probability and “potential” guidance forecasts for the conterminous United States, developed by the Meteorological Development Laboratory (MDL), have been produced operationally and made available to aviation and other users through the National Digital Guidance Database (NDGD) since April 2014. In response to user requests for improved skill and resolution of these forecasts, MDL has recently made extensive upgrades, and a switch to the new LAMP guidance was made in January 2018. Upgrades include improved spatial and temporal resolution of the predictands, which were enabled by first time LAMP use of finescale radar reflectivity products from the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system, total lightning observations from a ground-based lightning sensing system, and finescale model output from the High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model. This article describes how these new data inputs are applied in the LAMP model to obtain improved skill and sharpness of the convection and total lightning probability forecasts. Strengths and limitations in LAMP performance are shown through verification statistics and example verification maps for a selected intense convective storm case.
Diritto e letteratura a dialogo nella tradizione italiana: Introduzione al volume
Authors: Piciché Bernardo 
Published: August 2019

The intertwining of law and literature in the Italian tradition constitutes the subject of the present issue of Forum Italicum. The volume is divided into a first section of scholarly essays and a second section of dialogues between the editor of the volume and Italian authors and one publisher whose works are imbued with legal elements. An analysis of recent judiciary events through the lens of a literary mindset ends the work. This introduction to the volume starts by bringing examples of the presence of the legal discourse in Italian literary texts. Then, it offers the editor’s view on the relationship between the two disciplines. As the author of this introduction sees it, law and literature are ontologically different disciplines, no matter how much they intersect and cross-fertilize each other. Commented synopsis of the essays and dialogues will conclude this introduction.
Body Composition and Physical Fitness Tests Among US Army Soldiers: A Comparison of the Active and Reserve Components
Authors: Russell Dale W. , Kazman Joshua , Russell Cristel Antonia 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: US Army reserve soldiers and active-duty soldiers differ in their daily work demands and supporting resources, yet research on reservists’ health and fitness is lacking. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether physical test failure rates and health behaviors differed between active-duty soldiers and reserve soldiers and (2) establish which demographic and health behavioral factors were associated with failing physical tests. Methods: We analyzed a sample of 239 329 US Army active-duty and reserve soldiers surveyed from September 2013 through March 2015 using the Global Assessment Tool. We extracted data on soldier demographic characteristics and health behaviors, as well as Body Composition Test (BCT) and Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) results. We compared the 2 groups using the active-to-reserve adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for each variable. We used logistic regression models to determine which variables were associated with failing these tests. Results: The odds of failing the BCT (aOR = 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.78) or the APFT (aOR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.30-0.32) were lower among active-duty soldiers than among reservists, and the odds of doing high levels of high-intensity interval training (aOR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.42-1.51), resistance training (aOR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.42-1.48), and vigorous physical activity (aOR = 2.92; 95% CI, 2.86-2.98) were higher among active-duty soldiers than among reservists. The odds of using tobacco (aOR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.35-1.40), binge drinking alcohol (aOR = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09-1.13), having insomnia (aOR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.43-1.48) or mild depression (aOR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.48-1.53), and sustaining a physical activity–related injury (aOR = 2.52; 95% CI, 2.47-2.57) were higher among active-duty soldiers than among reservists. Conclusions: Policy makers and military leaders could use this information to implement health screenings and tailor health-promotion, intervention, and treatment programs.
The Incidence of Traumatic Posterior and Combined Labral Tears in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization
Authors: Javed Saqib , Gheorghiu Daniel , Torrance Emma , Monga Puneet , Funk Lennard , Walton Michael 
Published: August 2019

Background: Posterior and combined shoulder instabilities have been reported as accounting for only 2% to 5% of cases. More recently, an increased incidence of posterior capsulolabral tear has been reported. Purpose: To assess the incidence of posterior and combined labral tears in a large cohort of patients with surgically treated shoulder labral tears. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This was a retrospective study that evaluated 442 patients who underwent an arthroscopic capsulolabral repair over a 3-year period. Patients were categorized according to the location of their labral tear and whether their injury was sustained during sporting or nonsporting activity. Proportions of labral tears between sporting and nonsporting populations were compared using the chi-square test. Results: Patients had a mean age of 25.9 years and 89.6% were male. Isolated anterior labral tears occurred in 52.9%, with posterior and combined anteroposterior labral tears accounting for 16.3% and 30.8%, respectively. The frequency of posterior and combined lesions was greater in the sporting population compared with the nonsporting population ( P = .013). Conclusion: Posterior and combined labral tears are more prevalent than previously reported, particularly in the sporting population.
Revision of a dual-modular stem in patients with adverse tissue reaction
Authors: Talmo Carl T , Robbins Claire E , Siddiqi Ahmed , Nandi Sumon , Bono James V , Ward Daniel M 
Published: August 2019

Background: Dual-modular femoral components with exchangeable cobalt-chrome neck segments have had higher than expected failure rates due to corrosion and adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR). Complications, survival rates and early clinical outcomes of revision surgery for the treatment of corrosion and ALTR as a result of these implants are underreported. Methods: We identified 44 cases of revision THA for corrosion and ALTR resulting from the same dual modular stem. All revision procedures were performed using a modular tapered fluted titanium stem, ceramic heads and highly cross-linked polyethylene. Results: Complications included: dislocation, infection, reoperation, and chronic pain. Mean Harris Hip Score was 84 following revision surgery. Conclusions: Patients undergoing revision surgery for ALTR related to this prosthesis should be aware of the risk of postoperative dislocation and other complications and the potential long-term risk of some chronic pain.
Experimental and Preliminary Clinical Study of Real-Time Registration in Liver Tumors During Respiratory Motion Based on a Multimodality Image Navigation System
Authors: Ren Chao , Liu Shi-rong , Wu Wen-bo , Yu Xiao-ling , Cheng Zhi-gang , Liu Fang-yi , Liang Ping 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: To develop a fusion imaging system that combines ultrasound and computed tomography for real-time tumor tracking and to validate the accuracy of performing registration via this approach during a specific breathing phase. Materials and Methods: The initial part of the experimental study was performed using iodized oil injection in pig livers and was focused on determining the accuracy of registration. Eight points (A1-4 and B1-4) at different positions and with different target sizes were selected as target points. During respiratory motion, we used our self-designed system to perform the procedure either with (experimental group, E) or without (control group, C) the respiratory monitoring module. The registration errors were then compared between the 2 groups and within group E. The second part of this study was designed as a preliminary clinical study and was performed in 18 patients. Screening was performed to determine the combination of points on the body surface that provided the highest sensitivity to respiratory motion. Registration was performed either with (group E) or without (group C) the respiratory monitoring module. Registration errors were compared between the 2 groups. Results: In part 1 of this study, there were fewer registration errors at each point in group E than at the corresponding points in group C ( P < .01). In group E, there were more registration errors at points A1 and B1 than at the other points ( P < .05). There was no significant difference in registration errors among the remaining points. During part 2 of the study, there was a significant difference in the registration errors between the 2 groups ( P < .01). Conclusions: Real-time fusion registration is feasible and can be accurately performed during respiratory motions when using this system.
Preoperative information needs of parents: a descriptive survey
Authors: Aranha Priya Reshma , Dsouza Sharin Neetal 
Published: August 2019

Background Receiving preoperative information is a right of all parents whose children are admitted for surgery. Information for parents can help to prepare children and lessen anxiety for both parent and child. Aim This study aims to assess the preoperative information needs of parents. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to select 100 parents whose children, aged between 0 and 18 years, were admitted for surgery. The Parents Desire for Information scale was used to collect the data, which were then analysed using descriptive statistics. Results The majority of the sample indicated that it is essential to receive preoperative information. The aspects of preoperative information rated as essential were as follows: need for the surgery; duration of hospitalisation; informed consent; fasting time; investigations; medications; physical preparations; dress code for the child; waiting time and place; parental involvement in the operating theatre/recovery/ward; pain management; post-operative care including eating, drinking, ambulation, wound care, discharge instructions and follow up. The majority (60%) of the parents said that they prefer to receive verbal instructions. The majority (63%) of the study participants said that it was the doctors who provided the information, and of these, 70% rated the information received as good. Conclusions The present study concludes that parents of children undergoing surgery welcome comprehensive preoperative information.
ICU Patient Family Stress Recovery During Breaks in a Hospital Garden and Indoor Environments
Authors: Ulrich Roger S. , Cordoza Makayla , Gardiner Stuart K. , Manulik Bette J. , Fitzpatrick Paul S. , Hazen Teresia M. , Perkins R. Serene 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: Measure the immediate change in intensive care unit (ICU) family members’ state stress levels from the beginning to the end of a person’s visit to a hospital garden and compare the changes produced by the garden with those associated with spending time in indoor hospital environments intended for respite and relaxation. Background: No previous research has compared the efficacy of different physical environments as interventions to foster stress reduction in family members of ICU patients, a group of hospital visitors known to experience high levels of distress. Method: A convenience sample of 42 ICU patient family (from 42 different families) completed the Present Functioning Visual Analogue Scales (PFVAS) before and after each visit (128 total visits) to a garden, an atrium/café, or ICU waiting room. Results: Stress scores significantly declined (i.e., improved) from the start to the end of a break on all PFVAS subscales ( p < .0001) in both the garden and indoors locations. However, it is noteworthy that garden breaks resulted in significantly greater improvement in the “sadness” scale than breaks in indoor locations ( p = .03), and changes in all five other PFVAS scores showed somewhat more reduction of stress for breaks spent in the garden than indoors, although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Creating an unlocked garden with abundant nature located close to an ICU can be an effective intervention for significantly mitigating state stress in family members of ICU patients and can be somewhat more effective than indoor areas expressly designed for family respite and relaxation.
How and Why to Involve Patients in Drug Development: Perspectives From the Pharmaceutical Industry, Regulatory Authorities, and Patient Organizations
Authors: Hansen Marianne Botoft , Nørgaard Lotte Stig , Hallgreen Christine Erikstrup 
Published: August 2019

Background: Despite increasing interest and focus on patient-centric approaches to drug development, there might still be divergent views between key stakeholders in how to perceive patient involvement and how possibly divergent views influence the role of patients in the drug development process. The objective of this study is to explore how the perception of patient organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory agencies influence the role of patients in drug development. Method: A qualitative interview study based on 12 semi-structured interviews with representatives from the 3 stakeholders. Interviews were transcribed, and data were analyzed using a social constructivist approach in the form of systematic text condensation. Results: Three main perceptions of patient involvement were identified: “a way to improve quality of life,” “a way to avoid business failure,” and “a way to foster a faster drug approval process.” Transparency, trust, and clarification of expectations and roles were factors perceived as prerequisites for a valuable collaboration. Furthermore, a required cultural mindset change in the pharmaceutical industry, the lack of a common framework, patient organizations having limited resources available, and concerns about what to do with patient responsibility were perceived as the most important barriers for patient involvement. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the pharmaceutical industry, patient organizations, and regulatory authorities were labeled as “pioneer/dominant,” “unaware/quiet,” and “hesitant,” respectively. The 3 behavioural descriptors reflect a limited negotiation of the role patients have in drug development. Thus, the pharmaceutical industry appears to be the largest influencer with regard to patients’ role in drug development.
Underground transfer of carbonised organic residues to lithics during preliminary fire experiments: implications for archaeology
Authors: Wadley Lyn , Luong Susan , Sievers Christine , Prinsloo Linda 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Using fire experiments, we investigate claims that black organic residues on lithics found in Stone Age sites are markers for heat treatment of rocks in the embers of aboveground wood fires. We buried sedges overlain with lithics and bone to replicate plant bedding sometimes found in archaeological sites. Small fires were lit over the material buried under a mixture of coarse- and medium-grained sand. Black carbonised residues formed on several lithics that were in direct contact with buried sedges that burned below the fire. FTIR, Raman and preliminary GC–MS measurements were made on dried and burnt sedge, burnt bone, and on a prominent black residue that formed on one quartz piece that had been in contact with buried fresh sedge when it was heated. Importantly, we were able to confirm the spontaneous and accidental transfer of organic compounds to lithics buried and heated underground in the presence of plant material. This means that carbonised organic residues are not useful markers for determining whether heat treatment of rocks took place above or below ground. Our preliminary experiments imply that further work should be done to investigate the causes of the residues formed on lithics underground.
Long-Term Risk of Infections After Treatment of Childhood Leukemia: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using Administrative Health Data
Authors: Pelland-Marcotte Marie-Claude , Pole Jason D. , Hwee Jeremiah , Sutradhar Rinku , Science Michelle , Nathan Paul C. , Sung Lillian 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE Infections are a frequent complication during childhood leukemia treatment. Little is known about the infectious risk in survivors. We compared the relative rate (RR) of infections after treatment completion between pediatric leukemia survivors and the general population. METHODS We performed a retrospective, population-based cohort study of children diagnosed with leukemia between 1992 and 2015 in Ontario, Canada, who were alive and relapse free 30 days after treatment completion (index date). Leukemia survivors were matched 5:1 with the general population by year of birth, sex, and rural status and stratified by initial treatment, including and excluding hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). The primary outcome was time to infections, as identified using validated diagnostic codes from administrative databases. Individuals were censored at the earliest of death, first relapse, loss to follow-up, or end of study. RESULTS A total of 2,204 leukemia survivors were included and matched with 11,020 controls. The rate of infections was elevated after treatment completion compared with controls (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.45 to 1.57) and at less than 1 year (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.69 to 1.86); 1 to 4.99 years (RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.62 to 1.71), and 5 or more years (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.36) from the index date. Among those whose initial treatment excluded HSCT, the rate remained elevated more than 5 years from the index date (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.35). Infection-related death was significantly increased in leukemia survivors both among the entire cohort (hazard ratio, 149.3; 95% CI, 20.4 to 1,091.9) and among those without HSCT (hazard ratio, 92.7; 95% CI, 12.4 to 690.7). CONCLUSION A significant association was found between a history of leukemia therapy and an increased risk of infections. Additional study is needed to establish which exposures in patients with leukemia lead to late infections.
Characteristics of Physicians Participating in Medicare’s Oncology Care Model Bundled Payment Program
Authors: Parikh Ravi B. , Bekelman Justin E. , Huang Qian , Martinez Joseph R. , Emanuel Ezekiel J. , Navathe Amol S. 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE: The Oncology Care Model (OCM) is Medicare’s first bundled payment program for patients with cancer. We examined baseline characteristics of OCM physician participants and markets with high OCM physician participation to inform generalizability and complement the ongoing practice-level evaluation of the OCM. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we identified characteristics of US medical oncologists practicing in 2016, using a national telephone-verified physician database. We linked these data with Dartmouth Atlas and Medicare claims data from 2011 through 2016 to identify characteristics of markets with high OCM participation. We used logistic regression to examine relationships between market characteristics and OCM participation. RESULTS: Of 10,428 US medical oncologists, 2,605 (24.9%) were listed in an OCM practice. There were no differences in sex or medical training between OCM participants and nonparticipants, although OCM participants were slightly younger. OCM participants practiced in larger (median daily patient volume, 80 v 55 patients) and urban practices (95.2% v 90.7%) and were less likely to be part of a health system (41.0% v 60.4%) or solo practice (45.5% v 67.4%; all P < .001). Participation was higher in southern and mid-Atlantic markets. Markets with high OCM physician participation had higher specialist density, hospital care intensity, and acute care use at the end of life (all P < .001). Market-level penetration of Accountable Care Organizations (adjusted odds ratio, 4.65; 95% CI 3.31 to 6.56; P < .001) and Medicare Advantage (adjusted odds ratio 2.82; 95% CI, 1.97 to 4.06; P < .001) were associated with higher OCM participation. CONCLUSION: In the first description of oncologists participating in the OCM, we found differences in practice demographics, care intensity, and exposure to nontraditional payment models between OCM-participating and nonparticipating physicians. Such provider-level differences may not be captured in Medicare’s practice-level analysis.