bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INSEDIAMENTO SUBCULTURALE E DISTRIBUZIONE DEI SUFFRAGI IN ITALIA
Authors: Bartolini Barbara 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneLe previsioni elettorali della primavera '76 davano per certo un grosso calo della DC e non escludevano il « sorpasso » dei comunisti. Confrontando a caldo i risultati con questo « scenario », è stata naturale la tendenza a sottovalutare i mutamenti introdotti dall'ultima tornata elettorale. Essa tuttavia costituisce, in un'ottica di lungo periodo, un momento di svolta. Quanto meno non si è confermata la stabilità che l'elettorato italiano aveva esibito dal '53 al '72. Stabilità che peraltro non escludeva che all'interno degli schieramenti si verificassero fenomeni dinamici importanti come la tendenza del PCI a prevalere all'interno della sinistra e quella del MSI a prevalere all'interno della destra. Gli incrementi comunisti però, come mostra la tabella 1, sono fino al '72 abbastanza limitati: 8,2 punti percentuali nell'arco di sette elezioni con un « gradino » massimo di 2,6 punti nel '63 rispetto al '58. Dal '72 al '76 invece il PCI aumenta di ben 7,3 punti, mentre l'incremento della sinistra non comunista nel suo insieme è in proporzione molto piccolo (0,7 punti percentuali). L'espansione dell'area di sinistra è quindi quasi totalmente attribuibile al PCI, che oltre a una grossa quota del voto giovanile ha probabilmente conquistato anche un certo numero di ex-elettori del centro e della destra.
CRISI DELLA DC E EVOLUZIONE DEL SISTEMA POLITICO
Authors: Pasquino Gianfranco 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneNel momento in cui la crisi della Democrazia Cristiana è diventata in maniera lampante il problema principale dell'evoluzione del sistema politico italiano, e da piú parti si levano inviti e si avanzano suggerimenti per una «rifondazione» del partito, è stato giocoforza accorgersi che, al di là di pamphlets giornalistici e analisi di parte, il materiale disponibile su questo partito, sulla sua natura e struttura interna, sui suoi legami con le organizzazioni fiancheggiatrici in Italia e all'estero, sul suo ruolo, è nettamente insufficiente. Nonostante la sua grande e evidente importanza lungo tutti i trent'anni di vita della Repubblica, la Democrazia Cristiana non ha attratto in quantità adeguata l'attenzione degli studiosi, né italiani né stranieri (che, per lo piú, le hanno preferito il PCI) cosicché le analisi esplicitamente dedicatele o sono rapidamente invecchiate o, se recenti, hanno natura giornalistica e non sistematica o, infine, rappresentano attacchi polemici e sfoghi di militanti delusi Resta che le conoscenze attuali sono inadeguate a qualsiasi compito si voglia attendere: ad una rifondazione in senso popolar-progressista di un partito interclassista, alla creazione di un partito conservatore adatto ad una democrazia industriale, ad un recupero di posizioni perdute, alla rottura del blocco di potere coagulato intorno ad essa, senza lo slittamento in senso ieazionario di vasti settori del suo elettorato, oppure infine, alla «semplice» comprensione delle alternative possibili di evoluzione del sistema politico.
“It is alive!” Evidence for animacy effects in semantic categorization and lexical decision
Authors: Bonin Patrick , Gelin Margaux , Dioux Vivien , Méot Alain 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnimacy is one of the basic semantic features of word meaning and influences perceptual and episodic memory processes. However, evidence that this variable also influences lexicosemantic processing is mixed. As animacy is a semantic variable thought to have evolutionary roots, we first examined its influence in a semantic categorization task that did not make the animacy dimension salient, namely, concrete-abstract categorization. Animates were categorized faster (and more accurately) than inanimates. We then assessed the influence of animacy in two lexical decision experiments. In Experiment 2, we mostly used legal nonwords, whereas in Experiment 3, we varied the context of the nonwords across participants in such a way that the discriminability between words and nonwords was either high or low. Animates yielded faster decision times than inanimates when legal nonwords were used (Experiment 2) and when the discriminability between words and nonwords was low (i.e., “difficult nonwords” in Experiment 3), but the difference between the two types of words was not reliable when discriminability was high (e.g., illegal strings of letters, i.e., “easy nonwords” in Experiment 3). The findings suggest that animacy is a core meaning-related dimension that influences a large number of processes involved in perception, episodic memory, and semantic memory.
Photometry of the Cometary Atmosphere: A Review
Authors: Vanysek V 
Published: May 2019

Photometry and polarimetry of the cometary heads still constitute one of the most important sources of information about the physical processes in comets. For instance, most of the present estimates of molecular lifetimes are based on the observed distribution of molecules in the cometary head and the assumption of a particular kinematical behaviour of the matter in the cometary atmospheres.The study of kinematics and dynamics of cometary heads and tails has been based upon the analysis of the forms and apparent motions of well-defined envelopes, halos, knots in tails and streams. Direct inspection of a large number of photographs (or drawings from the last century) of several bright comets demonstrates that the cometary head is generally a complicated object. The heads consist of nearly circular diffuse patterns with superposition of different features, particularly of curved streams. This is illustrated by the Atlas of the Cometary Forms compiled by Rahe, Donn and Wurm (1970).
Photoelectric Photometry of Comet Kohoutek (1973f)
Authors: Kohoutek Lubos 
Published: May 2019

Comet Kohoutek (1973f) has been observed with the 50 cm (f/15) reflecting telescope of the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile, on fourteen nights between January 16 and 30, when the heliocentric and geocentric distances of the comet were r=0 66 - 1 00 A. U and Δ =0 81 - 0.96 A. U. , respectively The 40″ and 80″ diaphragms were used for the photometry of the cometary head (EMI 6256 A photomultiplier) in the UBV system and with six interference filters: CN 3884 Å, CO+ 4267 Å, C2 4737 Å, C2 5172 Å, cont. 5300 Å and Na 5893 Å.The atmospheric conditions were good but the accuracy of our observations was lower than usual due to large extinction (air mass 25 to 43) and twilight. The mean error of one measurement of log F in all but Na 5893 Å filters can be estimated at ±0.02, whereas the accuracy through the Na filter was substantially lower
Review - Observations of Recent Comets - Ion Tails
Authors: Brandt John C. 
Published: May 2019

In this review, we concentrate on an aspect of the physics of ion tails stimulated by observations of Comet Kohoutek (1973f), namely, the nature of moving structures in the tail. These motions could be bulk motions themselves or waves moving at the information speed of the medium; the resolution of this question from simple photographic data alone may not be possible.We do not discuss the principal problem of ion tails, namely, the physical mechanism responsible for the creation of CO+ ions. Indeed, results from studies of gas phase chemistry presented at this Colloquium indicate that the solution may be quite complex. Also, we do not discuss either the details of the solar-wind comet interaction or dust tails.
Possible Detection of Colliding Plasmoids in the Tail of Comet Kohoutek (1973f)
Authors: Roosen R.G. , Brandt J.C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSix JOCR photographs of Comet Kohoutek taken on January 19, 1974 (UT) show concentrations of plasma about ten degrees from the head of the comet which are very similar to the “barred spirals” reported by Bostick (IAU Symposium No. 6: Electromagnetic Phenomena in Cosmical Physics, B. Lehnert, (ed.) Cambridge Univ. Press, 1958) from laboratory observations of colliding plasmoids. The photographs were taken about one day after a solar magnetic sector boundary crossed the comet's head. Also, the comet's plasma tail splits near the head into two distinct segments. It appears that the two segments reconverge and form the plasma concentrations by collisions. This represents an increase in scale over Bostick's work of about 1014 Possible historical observations of similar phenomena are discussed.
Luminosity and Astrometry of Comets: A Review
Authors: Roemer Elizabeth 
Published: May 2019

By far the greatest number of observations of the brightness of comets, and the only ones that cover a long enough time span for investigation of secular effects, have been made by visual methods, mostly with small instruments. Such observations record the contribution of a large part of the coma, and possibly some light from the tail, at wavelengths to which the eye is sensitive. Three distinct observational techniques have been defined:1)Comparison of similar-appearing extrafocal images of comet and comparison stars for equal apparent brightness. (Most observations have been made by this method.) The technique has been described by Bobrovnikoff (1941a, 1941b).2)Comparison of the in-focus image of the comet with extrafocal images of comparison stars for equal apparent brightness. This method has been described by Sidgwick (1955).3)A method used extensively by Max Beyer (1950), in which grossly out-of-focus images of the comet and comparison stars are examined for similarity of extinction against the sky.
THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE-ANALYTIC ABILITY IN CHILDREN’S INSTRUCTED SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Roehr-Brackin Karen , Tellier Angela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLanguage-analytic ability, or the ability to treat language as an object of analysis and arrive at linguistic generalizations, is at the core of the constructs of language learning aptitude and metalinguistic awareness, which are implicated in our ability to learn explicitly. In the context of child second language (L2) learning, it has been argued that children learn primarily implicitly and that the most important component of aptitude may be memory ability. However, no empirical research to date has investigated the relationship and development of aptitude and metalinguistic awareness longitudinally as well as examined their predictive power for children’s L2 achievement in the classroom. In a study with English-speaking learners aged 8–9 (N = 111), we found that although aptitude and metalinguistic awareness were (still) dynamic, they significantly predicted children’s achievement in L2 French. Moreover, language-analytic ability proved to be the component with the strongest predictive power. This finding suggests that it may not be level of cognitive maturity alone that determines children’s approach to L2 learning; experiencing explicit, form-focused instruction may foster the role of language-analytic ability even in children as young as 8–9 years.
A Medieval Latin Development of the ‘Etymology’ of St. Martin's Name: (Anecdota Martiniana III)
Authors: Peebles Bernard M. 
Published: May 2019

The lives of the saints and other sacred narratives contained in the Legenda aurea of Jacobus de Voragine are often seen as sources of late-medieval works of art and literature. Little of such importance, however, has been ascribed to a non-narrative element which appears at the head of many of the chapters — an ‘etymology’ of a saint's name set out to show that one can find in that single word, if its elements are duly discerned and interpreted, an indication of some of the virtues which were especially characteristic of the saint. Jacobus' handling of the name of St. Hilary of Poitiers is typical: Hilarius dictus est quasi hilaris, quia in seruitute Dei ualde hilaris fuit, uel dicitur Hilarius quasi alarius, ab altus et ares uirtus, quia fuit altus in scientia et uirtuosus in uita [a third etymology follows]. (p. 98)
The United States and the Coalition Provisional Authority – occupation by proxy?
Authors: Chinnappa Amy Elizabeth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) governed Iraq from 2003 following Resolution 1483 of the UN Security Council. This Resolution affirmed that Iraq was in a state of occupation and that there were occupying powers. The Resolution referred to the United States of America and the United Kingdom as ‘occupying powers under the unified command of the “Authority”’, the ‘Authority’ being the CPA. However, the legal status of the CPA and its relationship to the US (the focus of this article) is not entirely clear, both under US domestic law and international law. This lack of clarity could have significant implications for the US’s responsibility for the CPA’s conduct. As with private military companies, a CPA-style administration of territory could become a tool for states to quarantine their risk under the law of occupation. This article contends that the theory of occupation by proxy may help clarify the legal status of the CPA and its relationship to the US and could assist in closing the identified gap in responsibility. To support this argument, this article establishes a legal framework for the theory of occupation by proxy which is then applied to the CPA and US.
Literacy and the Handicapped – Right or Ritual?
Authors: Jackson Merrill 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper examines a number of studies from England, America and Australia, that deal with the attainment of literacy. Methods of stimulating literacy interest of mildly and moderately retarded children have been developed by the author. The paper concludes with a statement of the author’s belief that the road to literacy is achieved through the manipulation of a number of task dimensions.
Anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery in a teenager with tetralogy of Fallot with associated double aortic arch and coronary arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Agrawal Vishal , Solanki Parth , Shah Ritesh , Parmar Divyakant , Mishra Amit 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report the case of a 14-year-old female who had tetralogy of Fallot along with anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta with co-dominant double aortic arch forming a complete vascular ring compressing the oesophagus along with a left main coronary artery to right ventricular outflow tract fistula. She underwent surgical correction without conduit placement.
Cardiac catheterisation in infants weighing less than 2500 grams
Authors: Mostefa-Kara Mansour , Villemain Olivier , Szezepanski Isabelle , Boudjemline Younes 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectives:The aim of the study was to report the outcome of cardiac catheterisation in low-weight patients.Background:Data regarding cardiac catheterisation in infants weighing <2500 g are scarce.Methods:We reviewed all cardiac catheterisations performed in infants weighing <2500 g between January 2000 and May 2016. An analysis with respect to the type of procedure, the complexity of procedure (procedure type risk), and haemodynamic vulnerability index was finally carried out. We report the occurrence of deaths and complications using the adverse event severity score.Results:A total of 218 procedures were performed on 211 patients. The mean age and weight were, respectively, 15 ± 26 days (range, 0–152) and 2111 ± 338 g (range, 1000–2500). Procedures were interventional and diagnostic, respectively, in 174 (80%) and 44 (20%) patients. Out of 218, 205 (94%) were successful. Eleven complications (5%) occurred – six with an adverse event severity score of 4 and five with an adverse event severity score of 3. Ten patients (91%) showed a favourable outcome, and one died (stent thrombosis few hours after patent ductus arteriosus stenting). No correlation was found between lower weight and occurrence of death (p = 0.68) or complications (p = 0.23). The gravity scores (procedure type risk and haemodynamic vulnerability index) were not predictive of complications.Conclusions:Cardiac catheterisation in infants weighing <2500 g appears feasible and effective with low risk. The weight should not discourage from performing cardiac catheterisation in this population.
Provenance and Drainage Evolution of the Red River Revealed by Pb Isotopic Analysis of Detrital K‐Feldspar
Authors: Wang Ce , Liang Xinquan , Foster David A. , Liang Xirong , Zhang Le , Su Ming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development of the Red River is closely related to the topographic changes in East Asia, but the evolution of this drainage system remains unclear. We determined Pb isotopic compositions of detrital K‐feldspars from the Yinggehai‐Song Hong Basin to understand the sedimentary provenance and to test models of drainage patterns in East Asia. The Pb isotopic data show that detritus in the northern basin was mainly derived from the Red River system since the late Oligocene, and that the Red River achieved its present state in the late Miocene (~10.5 Ma). The variable provenance over time suggests that the Red River was probably connected to the Middle Yangtze and Mekong Rivers before the Miocene, and lost these headwater areas in the middle and late Miocene, respectively. The drainage reorganization probably occurred in response to rapid surface uplift of eastern Tibetan Plateau.
Dual nitrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation during anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria
Authors: Kobayashi Kanae , Makabe Akiko , Yano Midori , Oshiki Mamoru , Kindaichi Tomonori , Casciotti Karen L , Okabe Satoshi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Natural abundance of stable nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotopes are invaluable biogeochemical tracers for assessing the N transformations in the environment. To fully exploit these tracers, the N and O isotope effects (15ε and 18ε) associated with the respective nitrogen transformation processes must be known. However, the N and O isotope effects of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), one of the major fixed N sinks and NO3− producers, are not well known. Here, we report the dual N and O isotope effects associated with anammox by three different anammox bacteria including “Ca. Scalindua japonica”, a putative marine species, which were measured in continuous enrichment culture experiments. All three anammox species yielded similar N isotope effects of NH4+ oxidation to N2 (15εNH4→N2) ranging from 30.9‰ to 32.7‰ and inverse kinetic isotope effects of NO2− oxidation to NO3− (15εNO2→NO3 = −45.3‰ to −30.1‰). In contrast, 15εNO2→N2 (NO2− reduction to N2) were significantly different among three species, which is probably because individual anammox bacteria species might possess different types of nitrite reductase. We also report the combined O isotope effects for NO2− oxidation (18ENO2→NO3) by anammox bacteria. These obtained dual N and O isotopic effects could provide significant insights into the contribution of anammox bacteria to the fixed N loss and NO2− reoxidation (N recycling) in various natural environments.
Deducing Phonon Scattering from Normal Mode Excitations
Authors: Raj Anant , Eapen Jacob 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhile the quantum scattering theory has provided the theoretical underpinning for phonon interactions, the correspondence between the phonon modes and normal modes of vibrations has never been fully established; for example, the nature of energy exchange during elementary normal mode interactions remains largely unknown. In this work, by adopting a set of real asymmetric normal mode amplitudes, we first discriminate the normal and Umklapp processes directly from atomistic dynamics. We then demonstrate that the undulating harmonic and anharmonic potentials, which allow a number of interaction pathways, generate several total-energy-conserving forward and backward scattering events including those which are traditionally considered as quantum-forbidden. Although the normal mode energy is proportional to the square of the eigen-frequency, we deduce that the energy exchanged from one mode to another in each elementary interaction is proportional to the frequency – a quantum-like restriction. We anticipate that the current approach can be utilized profitably to discover unbiased scattering channels, many traditionally quantum forbidden, with complex anharmonicities. Our discovery will aid in the development of next-generation Peierls-Boltzmann transport simulations that access normal mode scattering pathways from finite temperature ab initio simulations.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps protein composition is specific for patients with Lupus nephritis and includes methyl-oxidized αenolase (methionine sulfoxide 93)
Authors: Bruschi Maurizio , Petretto Andrea , Santucci Laura , Vaglio Augusto , Pratesi Federico , Migliorini Paola , Bertelli Roberta , Lavarello Chiara , Bartolucci Martina , Candiano Giovanni , Prunotto Marco , Ghiggeri Gian Marco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNETs constitute a network of DNA and proteins released by neutrophils in response to infectious and immunologic triggers. NET proteins are recognized as autoantigens in ANCA vasculitis; limited knowledge is available in other autoimmune pathologies. The composition of NETs produced ex vivo by resting and Phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated neutrophils was analyzed by high-throughput Fusion Orbitrap technology in 16 patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus/Lupus nephritis (9 SLE/7 LN) and in 11 controls. Seven-hundred proteins were characterized and specific fingerprints discriminated LN from SLE. We focused on methyl-oxidized αenolase (methionine sulfoxide 93) that was markedly increased in NETs from LN and was localized in NET filaments in tight connection and outlying DNA. The isotype of anti-αenolase antibodies was IgG2 in LN and IgG4 in other autoimmune glomerulonephritis (Membranous Nephropathy, MN); serum anti-αenolase IgG2 were higher in LN than in SLE and absent in MN. The same IgG2 antibodies recognized 5 epitopes of the protein one containing methionine sulphoxide 93. In conclusion, specific NET protein fingerprints characterize different subsets of SLE; methyl-oxidized αenolase is over-expressed in LN. Circulating anti-αenolase IgG2 recognize the oxidized epitope and are high in serum of LN patients. Post-translational modified NET proteins contribute to autoimmunity in patients with LN.
Improved TGIRT-seq methods for comprehensive transcriptome profiling with decreased adapter dimer formation and bias correction
Authors: Xu Hengyi , Yao Jun , Wu Douglas C. , Lambowitz Alan M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThermostable group II intron reverse transcriptases (TGIRTs) with high fidelity and processivity have been used for a variety of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) applications, including comprehensive profiling of whole-cell, exosomal, and human plasma RNAs; quantitative tRNA-seq based on the ability of TGIRT enzymes to give full-length reads of tRNAs and other structured small ncRNAs; high-throughput mapping of post-transcriptional modifications; and RNA structure mapping. Here, we improved TGIRT-seq methods for comprehensive transcriptome profiling by rationally designing RNA-seq adapters that minimize adapter dimer formation. Additionally, we developed biochemical and computational methods for remediating 5′- and 3′-end biases, the latter based on a random forest regression model that provides insight into the contribution of different factors to these biases. These improvements, some of which may be applicable to other RNA-seq methods, increase the efficiency of TGIRT-seq library construction and improve coverage of very small RNAs, such as miRNAs. Our findings provide insight into the biochemical basis of 5′- and 3′-end biases in RNA-seq and suggest general approaches for remediating biases and decreasing adapter dimer formation.