bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barter in Mexican Cotton—A New Concept in International Trade?
Authors: Newcomer Hale A. 
Published: November 2018

The United States Department of Agriculture has resorted to limited “dumping” activities in the overseas market in order to dispose of its cotton surplus. This action has had adverse effects on several small, cotton-producing countries, such as Mexico. Mexican cotton producers have attempted to solve their problem by using a barter system to increase cotton sales. This article analyzes the effects of the American “dumping” program on the Mexican economy and on world multilateral trade patterns.
The Need for Marketing Engineering
Authors: Burger Henry G. 
Published: November 2018

The Industrial Revolution produced an applied science of industrial engineering. As the spotlight has shifted from manufacturing to marketing, however, no similarly systematic treatment has appeared for the “creative” techniques of distribution. Ninety-eight per cent of new products fail. Yet the years have revealed many examples of successful introduction of new products; and the author believes that these cases should be classified and indexed into a ten-part loose-leaf treasury of marketing tactics. From this step might follow the other elements of scientific method: deduction, hypothesis, and verification.
Wholesale Marketing in Japan
Authors: Dowd Laurence P. 
Published: November 2018

Japanese wholesale marketing methods are quite different from those in the United States. Many manufacturers engage in no marketing activities at all; and even those which have sales departments usually relegate them to a subordinate position! Even more intriguing, wholesale organizations dominate all distribution, and one large wholesaler may control production in an entire industry. The author, who knows Japan firsthand, gives some insights into this situation.
Consumer Convenience and the Retail Structure of Cities
Authors: Cox Reavis 
Published: November 2018

This article is based on a Charles Coolidge Parlin Memorial Lecture given under the auspices of the Philadelphia Chapter of the American Marketing Association on May 27, 1958. On that same occasion T. V. Houser, recently retired Chairman of the Board of Directors of Sears, Roebuck and Co., also gave a Parlin Lecture on “The True Role of the Marketing Executive”; and an adaptation of his presentation appears in this same issue of the journal of marketing, pp. 363–369. Professor Cox points out that surveys of what goes on after goods have reached ultimate consumers are wholly inadequate. Yet many things of great importance for marketing take place here. The vaunted American standard of living results in consumers’ clustering their purchases. Therefore, consumer convenience means aggregate convenience—facilitating the collection of an entire standard of living rather than purchase of individual units of particular goods. Cities provide aggregate convenience by crowding people together, but do so economically only when governed by the “principle of efficient congestion.”
Tenant-Selection Policies of Regional Shopping Centers
Authors: Sweet Morris L. 
Published: November 2018

In the development of the regional shopping center, a policy of tenant selection is evolving that favors the traditional retailer, the department store, and the national chain. By giving these outlets more favorable rental terms and a veto power over prospective tenants, many successful low-margin mass retailers are put into a marginal category. Is this policy in the best interests of the regional shopping center's future? Is it likely to lead to the lowering of distribution costs? The answers are analyzed in this article.
A New Approach to Sales Forecasting and Production Scheduling
Authors: Parkany John 
Published: November 2018

The potential contributions of short-term sales forecasts to production economies are often overlooked. The short-term behavior of the manufacturer's shipments can be anticipated with accuracy once the constant interaction of the sales of stock-carrying intermediaries, the changes of inventories of such intermediaries, and the order pattern of such intermediaries are known and understood. The volume of sales during a 3-month forecast period is largely determined by events which occurred prior to the beginning of the forecast period. If accurate information on all past events of importance is available, reliable forecasts can be produced.
Market Segmentation and Marketing Mixes
Authors: Bowman Burton F. , McCormick Frederick E. 
Published: November 2018

The total marketing concept acknowledges that the business of business is the creating and fulfilling of product user needs and desires at a profit, and that every part of a business should be oriented to this objective. Accurate problem definition is a requisite to any good business decision. Once the basic problems have been determined, we are well on the way toward solving them. This article illustrates how the Agricultural Division of the American Cyanamid Company utilizes the total marketing concept and the principle of problem definition in operating a highly diversified business with widely varying market segmentation and marketing mix requirements.
Deliberations of a Chain Grocery Buying Committee
Authors: Hileman Donald G. , Rosenstein Leonard A. 
Published: November 2018

It is difficult for new products to gain admission to the nation's supermarkets. A favorable decision usually is the result of the deliberations of a buying committee. The authors made a tape recording of a buying committee in its regular meeting. Here they present the factors which had a bearing on the acceptance or rejection of the products under consideration.
Anthropology's Contributions to Marketing
Authors: Winick Charles 
Published: November 2018

Of the social sciences which deal with man and society, only economics, psychology, and sociology have been widely used in marketing. Economics is at the core of much of the content of marketing; psychology has yielded a variety of interviewing and projective testing procedures; sociology has contributed concepts like social class. Marketers have been relatively slow in using anthropological insights and approaches, even though anthropology is also concerned with man and society. This article considers why anthropology has been used relatively seldom, and how it has been and might be employed.
The Changing Role of U. S. World Trade
Authors: McCollum L. F. 
Published: November 2018

A transition in international trade has taken place in recent years. The economies of many Western European nations and Japan have been revitalized, due largely to American aid in the immediate postwar period; and these same nations now are energetically competing for markets with U.S.-made goods. The author examines the balance-of-payments problem faced by the United States; the role that increased exports can play in helping to solve these difficulties; and the joint business and government efforts being made by the National Export Expansion Committee of the Department of Commerce and its regional committees.
Managing New Products in a Changing Market
Authors: Herrmann Cyril C. 
Published: November 2018

The contributions of marketing research to managerial effectiveness can help to raise profits, but research itself is not a decision-making function. The decisions to use the outcome of research wisely must properly be made by management. But will management learn to deal effectively with the future? Can marketing efforts be organized to handle successfully the radical changes in business that tomorrow will bring? These are the questions.
Sensitivity of Corporate Sales to Income Changes
Authors: Groepper Gerald W. 
Published: November 2018

The sensitivity of corporate sales to changes in income levels is a useful and basic concept. This article develops—for a broad range of industries—the historical, long-range pattern of fluctuations in corporate sales associated with fluctuations in disposable personal income. If also suggests further use of such income sensitivity of demand coefficients for various inter-industry comparisons.
Marketing in Australia
Authors: Ewing John S. 
Published: November 2018

To paraphrase a current Australian advertising campaign, “What's marketing like Down Under?” In many and some surprising ways, it is like marketing in the United States. Language, legal and political systems, a high and rising standard of living, and particularly an enthusiasm for things American, make Australia worth serious consideration in the hunt for overseas markets. Easy to enter, the market has proved worth-while for many American firms—but there are some pitfalls and some limitations, as this article shows.
Discount Houses in Australia and Mexico
Authors: Ewing John S. 
Published: November 2018

The discount house is the latest American marketing innovation to be exported and to be met with the cry “It can't happen here.” In an article in the April, 1962, JOURNAL OF MARKETING, the author generalized that marketing activities that would work in the United States would usually work in Australia. Here he examines the discount house against the Australia marketing scene and in Mexico, another market which has shown some willingness to accept American marketing ideas but not without resistance.
The Group Depth Interview
Authors: Goldman Alfred E. 
Published: November 2018

“Discussion panels,” “respondent-oriented interviews,” “consumer conferences,” and “focused group interviews” have enjoyed increasing popularity in attempting to solve marketing problems. This article describes the mechanics of conducting group interviews and also some of its consequences. The title of the article, “The Group Depth Interview,” reflects a situation in which information is sought from a number of interacting individuals at the same time, using a combination of probing and direct-inquiry techniques.
One Common Market or Six Markets?
Authors: Botthof C. Laury 
Published: November 2018

The U. S. advertiser in the Common-Market countries must beam his message through an unfamiliar and complex media structure in each of them. Even such familiar media as newspapers can fill widely divergent communication roles in the various countries. Here a publisher of media directories in several of the Common-Market countries discusses in broad outline the role, flavor, and kinds of media available to the American marketer.
Theory or Research for the Marketing Decision-maker?
Authors: O'Dell William F. 
Published: November 2018

Marketing theorists and marketing men in business view each other with mild suspicion, neither fully recognizing that the activities of both groups are aimed at improving the decision-making process. The author of this article holds that marketing research is more useful than marketing theory in the selection of the most appropriate course of marketing action. He believes that the most fruitful opportunities for the marketing theorist are in the development of theory for improving the design of marketing research activity.
A Perfect Measurement of Advertising's Contribution to Marketing
Authors: Wallace James M. 
Published: November 2018

The author of this article is very sympathetic with the views of all advertisers who want to know what they are “getting” for their investment in advertising. But he is also frustrated, because he does not know the answer … and he does not think anyone else does. In fact, he is so frustrated that he proposes a “perfect measurement” of advertising's contribution to marketing.
A Forward Step in Performance Evaluation
Authors: Easton Allan 
Published: November 2018

Persons responsible for evaluation of performance have found that use of single-criterion measures invariably leads to undesirable side-effects. As a remedy, designers of evaluation methods would like to use multiple in place of single criteria, but are likely to have difficulty in amalgamating their multiple measures into a meaningful whole. Here is a method for combining multiple-criterion scores into a conceptually satisfying, overall figure-of-merit which can be used to rank subjects or projects in order of their excellence.
Measuring Language Difficulty in Advertising Copy
Authors: Abruzzini Pompeo 
Published: November 2018

How well an advertisement is understood by its readers, viewers, or listeners is a very important measure of its efficacy. In this article the author presents a number of methods for measuring difficulty of language, and thus comprehensibility, of advertising. He shows how “desk-research” and “field-research” findings are applicable to all forms of written and verbal communication, including advertising.
The Real Challenge of Food Discounters
Authors: Minichiello Robert J. 
Published: November 2018

How do discount food stores compare with conventional supermarkets? Can they underprice and still operate profitably? Are they able to reduce operating expenses? Is the food discounter a threat to the conventional supermarket? This article provides some insights into these questions based upon the practices of three noncompeting companies engaged in both conventional supermarket and discount food operations. The author also reports the actual operating figures of comparable discount and conventional outlets.
The R&D: Marketing Interface—A General Analogue Model for Technology Diffusion
Authors: Berenson Conrad 
Published: November 2018

There is a body of literature dealing with the problem of moving R&D results out of the laboratory and into the marketplace. However, a conceptual framework placing the various factors in this flow into a unified model to explain the diffusion process has not previously been presented. In this article a model is developed which shows that there are many parallels between the transfer of R&D results from the laboratory to the marketplace, and mass transfer between liquid systems.
The Product Warranty as an Element of Competitive Strategy
Authors: Udell Jon G. , Anderson Evan E. 
Published: November 2018

When demand and cost conditions favor its use, a promotional warranty may be profitable for both a company and its customers. Because a promotional warranty is more liberal than a protective one, buyers may benefit psychologically and financially by the reduction of uncertainty and risk involved in the purchase decision. For the company, the promotional warranty may be a vital element in its marketing strategy. In this article, the authors propose and test five management decision rules for determining the effectiveness of promotional warranty policies.
Marketing Functions and Marketing Systems: A Synthesis
Authors: Lewis Richard J. , Erickson Leo G. 
Published: November 2018

The functional and systems approaches to the study of marketing offer two alternative means of understanding the discipline. Do these approaches contradict or complement each other, or do they have no relationship at all? This article provides (1) a fresh look at the functional approach, (2) a review of a general systems approach, and (3) a framework to show their relationship and synthesize the two views of marketing.
RhoA/ROCK/ARHGAP26 signaling in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium is involved in clinical characteristics of adenomyosis
Authors: Jiang Caixia , Gong Wei , Chen Rong , Ke Huihui , Qu Xiaoyan , Yang Weihong , Cheng Zhongping 
Published: November 2018

Objective This study aimed to investigate RhoA, RhoA-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) 1, ROCK2, and Rho GTPase-activating protein 26 (ARHGAP26) expression in the eutopic endometrium (EU) and ectopic endometrium (EC), and examine their relationships with the clinical characteristics of adenomyosis. Methods Twenty patients with adenomyosis who underwent laparoscopy were recruited. Protein and mRNA expression of RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, and ARHGAP26 in EU and EC of patients with adenomyosis and in control endometrium without adenomyosis (CE) was detected. Results ROCK1, ROCK2, and RhoA mRNA expression in EU was significantly higher than that in CE, and was highest in EC. ARHGAP26 mRNA expression in EC and EU was significantly lower than that in CE. ROCK1, ROCK2, and RhoA protein expression in EC and EU was significantly higher than that in CE. ARHGAP26 protein expression in EC and EU was significantly lower than that in CE. ROCK1, ROCK2, and RhoA gene and protein expression was positively associated and ARHGAP26 was negatively associated with the severity of menorrhagia and menstrual capacity in adenomyosis. Conclusions RhoA, ROCK1, and ROCK2 expression is upregulated, and ARHGAP26 expression is downregulated in adenomyosis. The RhoA/ROCK-mediated signaling pathway is associated with dysmenorrhea and menstrual capacity in adenomyosis.
Biomarkers for Femoroacetabular Impingement and Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lynch T. Sean , O’Connor Michaela , Minkara Anas A. , Westermann Robert W. , Rosneck James T. 
Published: November 2018

Background:The early recognition and management of patients with hip lesions, such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and early hip osteoarthritis (OA), may preempt significant hip morbidity. The identification of reliable biomarkers may help guide decision making in an efficient and cost-effective manner.Purpose:To determine the biomarkers that have been associated with FAI as well as identify serum, synovial, and urinary analytes that have shown clinical utility in the prediction or identification of hip OA.Study Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods:The terms “hip arthroscopy,” “femoroacetabular impingement,” “labral tear,” “osteoarthritis,” and “biomarker” were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, yielding 276 articles. After screening, 7 articles were included. Pooled estimates were calculated utilizing a fixed-effects inverse-variance model weighted for individual study size.Results:A total of 1747 patients with a mean age of 37.5 ± 4.5 years (76.4% female) were identified. Forty-three unique biomarkers were assessed. Although general proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α exhibited inconsistent trends in arthritic hips, IL-6 demonstrated a consistent increase (+84.8% [95% CI, 81.9%-87.6%]; P < .05). A significant difference was found in levels of the fibronectin-aggrecan complex (FAC) in patients with OA compared with controls (0.08 ± 0.40 vs 1.15 ± 0.35 μg/mL, respectively; P < .001). It was the only specific analyte to show a significant difference between those with and without OA. In the setting of FAI, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was significantly increased in athletes after adjusting for concurrent knee and hip OA. A statistically significant difference was present in FAI-positive hips (9.0 ± 0.1 [95% CI, 8.8-9.3]) compared with controls (8.4 ± 0.1 [95% CI, 8.2-8.4]) ( P < .05). Other biomarkers, such as CXCL3, which exhibited statistically significant differences compared with controls, did not control for underlying factors such as age and concomitant lesions.Conclusion:COMP and FAC are specific biomarkers with potential utility in the diagnosis and management of FAI and hip OA, given their ability to differentiate between controls and patients with hip lesions. Further research is necessary to identify their ability in determining disease severity, predicting the response to treatment, and establishing an association with the risk of long-term OA.
An Ergonomic Solution to Surgeon Fatigue and Repetitive Stress from Lipoplasty
Authors: Shippert Ronald D. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Surgeon fatigue and repetitive stress are disabling entities. They can occur secondary to repeated motion required during liposuction (lipoplasty) surgery. This article compares 10 liposuction handles in an effort to determine the handles that are the most conducive to reducing fatigue and repetitive-stress injury. Materials and Methods Ten popular handles broken into 6 groups (by shape) are evaluated, using 12 parameters, which included idea/ergonomic features, fatigue, and torque tests. Results The highest score was given to the biplane handle, which had a rating of 12/12. The biplane handle was given the highest rating because it met all the established parameters of an ergonomic handle and tested the highest in torque tests and fatigue tests. Discussion The most important factor in fatigue reduction appears to be the biplanar construction, which allows an efficient trapping effect with the fingers and thumb of the hand.
Effects of Early Enteral Nutrition on Immune Function and Prognosis of Patients With Sepsis on Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhao Wei , Chen Wenxiu , Shen Xiao , Fu Run , Zhao Yi , Liu Han 
Published: November 2018

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effects of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on patients with sepsis on mechanical ventilation. Methods: Patients with sepsis on mechanical ventilation in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2013 to March 2016 were treated with enteral nutrition. Patients treated within 48 hours of initiation of mechanical ventilation were assigned to the EEN group, and the rest were assigned to the delayed enteral nutrition (DEN) group. Peripheral blood Th17 cells and Treg cells, endotoxin (ET) level, 28-day mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, lengths of ICU stay and hospital stay, and incidence of ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) were analyzed between the 2 groups. Results: The proportion of Th17 cells and ET levels in the EEN group were significantly lower than those in the DEN group, whereas the proportion of Treg cells in the EEN group was remarkably higher than that in the DEN group ( P < .05). The duration of mechanical ventilation, lengths of ICU stay and hospital stay, and incidence of ICU-AW were higher in the DEN group than in the EEN group ( P < .05), but there was no significant difference in the 28-day mortality between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Patients with sepsis mainly present with an increased proportion of Th17 cells in the early stage, manifesting as enhanced immune response. Early enteral nutrition can inhibit the excessive immune response, shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation, lengths of ICU stay and hospital stay, and reduce the incidence of ICU-AW, but it has no obvious effect on 28-day mortality.
Post - Harvest Conservation of Food
Authors: Labeyrie Vincent 
Published: November 2018

The shortage of proteins in tropical countries cannot be overcome by the development of the breeding of animals originating outside the tropics, as they are ill adapted to the environmental conditions and yield a low output. Edible pulses, domesticated in these regions, can alleviate this shortage without causing soil degradation, because of their ecological properties, the rapidity of their growth, and the storability of their grains. But agricultural research ignores most of these species, and, although they are no less important than maize, their production is not even mentioned in world statistics. The protection of the stored grains is essential. The fight against weevils (Bruchidae), which often destroy more than half of the harvest, has been unsuccessful because it has not been based on an adequate knowledge of these beetles, and in particular of how they infest crops at harvest time; they are wrongly believed to attack only stored grains.
A Comparative Acceptability and Tolerance Study of Two Blended Foods in Haiti
Authors: Hayes R. E. , Hannay Carolyn P. , Wadsworth J. I. , Spadaro J. J. 
Published: November 2018

This study has demonstrated the feasibility of producing a corn-based, PL 480-type food blend containing glandless cottonseed flour that is comparable in nutritional quality, maternal and child acceptability, and child gastrointestinal tolerance to the extensively used US Food-for-Peace Program food, corn-soy-milk. The blend containing glandless cottonseed flour offers the economic advantage of not requiring an animal protein component. However, at the present time glandless cottonseed flour is not economically competitive with soy flour. With more extensive cultivation of glandless cottonseed, the prospect of using this commodity in nutritious food blends will be more favourable.