bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Central Pedestrian Refuges on Calming of Traffic in Their Vicinity
Authors: Solowczuk Alicja , Kacprzak Dominik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Central pedestrian refuges are one of the traffic calming measures used in small towns and villages located on through routes. Their main function is to protect vulnerable road users from safety hazards and reduce the 85th percentile speed v
85 before the island. In order to determine the efficiency of the central refuges in obtaining reduction of v
85 speed to the desired level before the islands the authors measured the speeds both before and after the islands of different width in specific locations along the stretch i.e. in the entry, central and in the exit zones. The central refuges were typically 2 m wide, imposing a 1 m deflection of vehicles. Other deflections, namely by 2.5 m and 3 m were imposed by two of the analysed islands. In one case the vehicle path was not deflected, namely at the refuge/chicane combination located on the departure lane. The research covered in total ten different cases of crossings in villages on regional roads. Most of the analysed pedestrian islands were accompanied with hatched areas before and after the island with a conventional 1:5 taper. All the islands are located in a residential areas, yet with different types of adjacent developments. In all the analysed cases the maximum permitted speed during daytime was 50 km/h. Speed measurements were carried out with special traffic detection devices equipped with automatic traffic speed and volume recording function. The analyses considered free-flow average and v
85 speeds. In a few cases buildings were located close to the roadway edge right after the central refuge. In the other cases the road was surrounded by a rural area or a forest. In two cases the island was followed by a horizontal curve affecting the sight line. The desired speed reduction or reduction down to the statutory speed for residential areas before the island was not obtained in all the analysed cases. In a few cases average speed under free-flow conditions of ca. 50 km/h and v
85 speed of 55 km/h were obtained for the islands located in the village centres with houses located close to the road edge. Without residential buildings located close to the road edge before the island and with a restricted view on the further course of the road reduction of both speeds was obtained after the island. Smaller speeds were noted also on the road sections where greater horizontal deflections were imposed. The greatest speed reduction along the island was noted on the sections with reduced visibility or with residential buildings in close proximity. The degree of deflection was found to have a smaller effect.
Safety in measurement activities of buildings done with different methods and equipment
Authors: Pawlowicz Joanna A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this chapter, methods and measurement equipment was described, which have been used by man since the beginning of history. Their accuracy and minuteness depend on the needs and goals of making measurements and the advancement of technology at the disposal of a user. The paper focuses mainly on the most modern method of building measurement i.e. laser scanning. A different aspect of making measurements with a scanning device and the principles of its safe use were presented. Building measurement activities are always connected with the risk of an accident, especially of falling from a height. The 3D laser scanner eliminates this problem, and additionally, we get a result which surpasses the accuracy of other described methods.
Barracks from Modern Age Iberian Wars (1650-1750) Heritage Value, Contemporary Use and Social Housing
Authors: Costa Rosado Ana , Navas-Carrillo Daniel , Lopez-Bravo Celia , Perez-Cano Teresa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The present paper studies 18th century military garrisons built in border villages of Portuguese Alentejo during the instability period that began with the Restoration War (1640-1668) between Portugal and Spain. Besides presenting their constructive types and materiality, the research focus on the heritage value of these barracks, especially given their urban context inside small peripheral towns’ historical centres under threat of desertification. Three cases are compared in order to determine which contemporary use better favours heritage conservation of the barracks modular structures.
Housing Estate Game V.2.0 - Ideas for Design of Housing Estates’ Density Models - The Case Study of Urbanism Workshops Game Created for Science Promotion
Authors: Bradecki Tomasz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article presents the main principles of HOUSING ESTATE GAME 2.0 - a game proposed by the author for the purpose of promoting science among children and adolescents. The game allows creative implementation of residential housing models according to predetermined rules. The accepted score and rules of the game coincide with the assumptions of the compact city idea and draw attention to the problems of modern housing estate implementation. Particular attention was paid to selected urban indicators such as: housing density, the amount of biologically active area, number of trees, number of parking spaces. The principles of the game are consistent with the real-life design principles and address a true challenge: how to provide compact dense housing estate and high-quality housing environment. The game, in its current form, is the result of its several years of improvements. Version 2.0 of the game was tested during the NIGHT OF RESEARCH at the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice, while other editions of the game were presented during the Science Festival in Katowice. The article discusses the main theoretical and methodological assumptions for the implementation of the game. The author presents both a ‘game manual’ to promote it and conclusions from the last edition of the workshop which may be useful for formulating educational assumptions about the creation of habitats. The article shows contemporary challenges in housing estates’ design, the conclusions may be useful for architects, urban designers, academics in the field of architecture and urbanism, public participation practitioners. The author is an academic researcher, an architect and a professionally active urban designer, and actively promotes science through workshops and other activities.
Determination of Profiled Sheet Metal Strength under Standard Testing Loads Using Nonlinear FEA
Authors: Vacev Todor , Milic Milos , Nesovic Ivan , Zoric Andrija 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Profiled sheets are widely used in modern steel structures, either as cladding or as casing in composite structures. Their strength calculation represents a complex task because one must deal with thin-walled structures that have complicated cross-section shape. Manufacturer’s catalogues provide data about their strength, mostly for continuous surface load. These data are mostly obtained by testing. EUROCODE EN 1993-1-3, i.e., its Annex A2, regulates the testing procedures for profiled sheets, allowing two main approaches regarding load application: uniformly distributed load and equivalent line load (in four locations). In addition, the mentioned code proposes roller supports that simulate pinned joints at the ends, neglecting the fastening conditions, which unavoidably are present with these structures. Aim of this research was to prove if the two proposed load patterns produce identical results, and to reveal how fastening devices affect the structural strength. In this research, the Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis with geometrical and material nonlinearity and contact analysis in the support zones were applied for the strength calculation of one typical profiled steel sheet. The analysis was conducted for ultimate load strength and for maximum load at standard deflection of L/200. In order to provide the testing conditions as real as possible, the support conditions were set in two ways: a) with support width B=40 mm and N=2 fasteners at the support, i.e., one fastener in each outer trough; b) with support width B=200 mm and N=8 fasteners at the support, i.e., two fasteners per every trough. The first support case is intended to simulate behavior close to a simply supported beam, and the second should simulate a beam fixed at its ends. The analysis encompassed the two load patterns provided by EUROCODE standard, and the results were compared. The results reveal that the surface load approach gives higher strength values than the four-point-load, both for ultimate load and for maximum load at deflection of L/200. This stands for both analyzed support conditions. The results of the research indicate that the codes should much more precisely define the testing conditions for such structures and make them closer to reality, for the purpose of more reliable and economic design.
The Impact of Weather on Traffic Speed in Urban Area
Authors: Chmielewski Jacek , Budzynski Marcin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The issue of the impact of weather conditions on trip speed of vehicles has been studied for a long time and it is still the subject of many scientific researches. The impact of atmospheric conditions on the speed with which drivers drive their vehicles seems to be obvious. Good weather conditions, sunny weather with good visibility surely provokes higher speed while rainfall, wind and visibility limitations will force drivers to reduce speed, drive with more concentration, and be more cautious. In the light of emerging new possibilities of acquiring data on vehicle speed, especially travel speed indicating the speed of trip between designated speed measurement points using modern measurement technology new researches are possible. Increasingly in the ITS systems being implemented mainly in urban areas, ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition) cameras are one of the ITS element. These cameras make it possible to determine the real time of appearance of the vehicle in the register area of the camera, thus determining both the matrix of trips between each two observation points (ANPR cameras), but also the vehicle’s ride time between successive cameras, and thus the speed of trip. In conjunction with data on weather conditions registered by several dedicated weather stations, they allow to significantly increase the research sample in terms of vehicle speed, and thus to obtain a statistically more confident inference. Thus, it gives a chance for further analysis regarding the impact of atmospheric conditions on road traffic conditions, including on travel speed and capacity of transport infrastructure. The article will present the results of empirical analyses to determine the impact of weather conditions (including temperature, ice thickness, air pressure and precipitation) on the vehicle trip speed.
Assessment of an existing prestressed concrete bridge according to the partial factor method for existing structures (fib Bulletin 80)
Authors: Gino Diego , Castaldo Paolo , Bertagnoli Gabriele , Cimetta Simone , Mancini Giuseppe 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The assessment of existing reinforced concrete structures is a critical aspect for engineers and practitioners. In particular, existing infrastructures, as bridges and viaducts, are extensively exposed to environmental actions, materials aging, degradation and variation of magnitude of traffic loads during their service life. Hence, to perform the assessment of existing structural systems assuming the same criteria conceived for the design (i.e., partial factor method – EN 1990) can result to be too conservative and, sometimes, leads to unnecessary and costly structural interventions. In this context, fib Bulletin 80 defines a new partial factor method suitable for the assessment of existing reinforced concrete structures and infrastructures accounting for their residual service life, information from in situ and laboratory tests, measurements of variable actions and reduced target reliability levels according to economical and human safety criteria. The methodologies proposed in fib Bulletin 80 have been applied to the assessment of an existing precast box section pre-stressed reinforced concrete bridge built in 90s and located in north of Italy. The results are compared to the outcomes from the assessment performed according to EN1990 and, finally, limits and advantages of fib Bulletin 80 methodologies are discussed.
Comparison of Sediment Loss Modelling by Using the Physically-Based Erosion-3d Model and The USPED Empirical Model: A Case Study of the Svacenicky Creek Catchment (Slovakia)
Authors: Nemetova Zuzana , Kohnova Silvia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The study presents a validation of the physically-based EROSION-3D model and the USPED empirical model and compares them with actual measured data. During the last decade there has been an intention to develop a new generation of erosion models in order to replace the Universal Soil Loss Equation used worldwide with more effective methods. One of those methods is represented by physically-based models, which provide a tool that relies upon descriptions of the processes that occur in actual natural conditions. The essential element of physically-based models is that they are process-based and reflect the most recent advances in erosion and hydrological research. In the modelling of soil erosion, the validation and verification of the methodologies used are considered as general problems. The importance of a model´s validation can be seen in the building of confidence in the ability of the model to generate satisfactory simulation results in order to discover the strengths and weaknesses of the model used. The physically-based EROSION-3D model is suitable not only for research purposes, but also for engineering practices, e.g., for assessing the effect of changing agricultural management practices and their impact on soil losses. The validation of the models has been performed on a continuous rainfall series for the selected period 2015 - 2016. The modelled results were compared with the actual measured sediment deposition data acquired by a bathymetry survey of the Svacenicky Creek polder using the EcoMapper Autonomous Underwater Vehicle device in the same period. The Svacenicky Creek polder is a part of the flood protection measures in the investigated territory of the Myjava region in Slovakia. The final results present a comparison between the outputs from the models used together with a confrontation of the modelled and observed results obtained by the bathymetry measurements.
An Assessment of Changes in Ecological Stability and Landscape Management Practices over the Last Centuries: A Case Study from Vrbovce, Slovakia
Authors: Vyleta Roman , Valent Peter , Nemetova Zuzana , Hlavcova Kamila 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The landscape is an open system influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors that in a long-run fundamentally affect its state and development. A comprehensive understanding and assessment of the anthropogenic impacts on the environment is a key prerequisite to maintain its good ecological state. However, as the impacts of anthropogenic activities on the environment are omnipresent, necessary measures for their mitigation should be addressed to improve the landscape ecological stability. In Slovakia, agricultural activities on large blocks of land are considered as one of the main anthropogenic factors negatively influencing the landscape ecological stability, which however could be eliminated by effective landscape management activities. This study assesses the ecological stability of the cadastral area of the village of Vrbovce in both historical and current contexts and suggests several “green” measures aiming at improving its ecological stability. The information about the land types and structures were obtained by manual vectorization of historical and current topographical maps. Based on this information analysis of land utilization and its development was carried out for a period of more than 250 years. For each historical period, a coefficient of ecological stability was evaluated to assign a degree of ecological stability for each period. Moreover, an analysis of positive and negative landscape-ecological impacts was also performed to identify the problematic areas within the cadastral area that need to be addressed by mitigation measures. Based on these analyses several mitigation measures were suggested to improve the ecological stability of the area. Most of them were related to the agricultural land, which makes up a significant part of the area and represents its less ecologically stable part. The proposed measures respect the original rural character of the area and its specific scenery which is a result of centuries of man-land interaction. The measures are mostly focused on transforming some of the less ecologically stable areas into natural grasslands which would be used for ecological cattle and sheep breeding as these activities were historically the primary source of living in this area.
Modernity in architecture - Tokyo, Osaka, Dubai, Gdańsk, Katowice
Authors: Fross Klaudiusz , Guminska Anna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article describes conducted observational studies of contemporary architectural objects in various parts of the world. Examples from Japan, the Emirates of Arabia and Poland - contemporary architecture of cities: Tokyo, Osaka, Dubai, Gdańsk, Katowice have been described. He evaluates them and draws attention to the essential elements. He conducts an original discussion on the contemporary architecture. In the subjective assessment, two elements are always important: meeting the investor’s goals and the needs of users. Observation of what is happening new in a built environment is an integral part of the architect’s work. Of course, it is good to look at new architectural realizations of buildings and examples of space management, not only superficially, e.g. in terms of the overall aesthetic image or an interesting detail, but also to make a somewhat deeper assessment. Evaluations, e.g. in terms of meeting the needs and satisfaction of users, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of solutions. In order for the assessment to be professional despite the fact that in the observational form (own observation) well as the architect knows the basics and techniques of qualitative research. Qualitative observational studies were aimed at identifying factors shaping contemporary architectural objects and the surrounding space. Due to the globalization, the scope of research has been established to be very wide, taking into account different regions and cultures. The result of the research was to identify various types of elements affecting the quality of architecture. The main elements of this analysis include adapting objects to the various needs of users and investors. The universal principles of typical solutions of the contemporary architecture related to the quality of this architecture were also defined.
Research of Behaviour of Bed Joints Reinforced Masonry Walls with Openings Made of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete under Horizontal Shearing
Authors: Jasinski Radoslaw 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article describes results from testing reinforced and unreinforced walls with openings of different shapes. Conducted tests mainly focused on determining the effect of used reinforcement on the cracking morphology and values of cracking and failure forces. Every wall was made of AAC masonry units. Tests covered 12 walls with the following external dimensions l = 4.43 m, h = 2.43 m, t = 180 mm, which varied in shape and dimensions of openings. The walls were reinforced with steel trusses of EFZ 140 / Z 140 type (Z1 type) and meshes made of plastics (Z2 type). In remaining six series, used walls (external dimensions l = 4.43 m, h = 2.43 m, t = 180 mm) with different opening shapes denoted by convention as A, B and C. Elements with A-type opening, 1.48 m wide and 0.98 m high, consisted of two models marked with the symbol HAS-AAC-Z1 (Z1 type of reinforcement) and HAS-AAC-Z2 (Z2 type of reinforcement). Elements with B-type opening, 2.66 m wide and 0.98 m high, consisted of two unreinforced models were marked with the symbol HBS-AAC-Z1 (Z1 type of reinforcement) and HBS-AAC-Z2 (Z2 type of reinforcement). The third series included a window opening with the width of 1.62 m and the height of 0.98 m, and a door opening with the width of 1.03 m and the height of 1.90 m. The arrangement of openings was denoted by convention as C. Similarly, as in case of walls with A- and B-type openings, the series of C-type opening included tests on two models marked with the symbol HCS-AAC-Z1 (Z1 type of reinforcement) and HCS-AAC-Z2 (Z2 type of reinforcement). The results were compared with test results for unreinforced walls with openings, tested under the same initial conditions. A mechanism of wall destruction, changes in cracking morphology, and values of cracking and failure stresses were analysed.
The concept of creative industries within the creative city and its implications on the quality of public space
Authors: Pieczara Marta 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The goal of the presented paper is to investigate the potential positive influence that integrating the creative industries within the concept of the creative city can have on the quality of public spaces. The primary supposition is that the concerned idea can formulate an important part of the integrated urban renewal strategy, bringing a response to the declining attractiveness of city centres as well as to the growing outward migration of their inhabitants. Particularly, situating the creative industry plants within an urban context can be considered as an action that can potentially lead to the economic revival of the neglected neighbourhoods and, in consequence, can initiate their effective revitalisation process, leading to the urban landscape’s vital improvement. The concept of such a strategy constitutes of the substantive basis of the design task being commissioned to architecture students at the Poznań University of Technology within the framework of the regular training program. The exercise is to design a creative industry plant within an urban context and it has for its preliminary step to identify a district that requires modernisation. Then, by introducing the heterogeneity of both architecture and use, the students’ projects aim to diversify the functional profile of the neighbourhood as well as to create new public spaces or to revitalise existing ones. Concentrated mainly on the agglomeration of Poznan, the presented paper resumes the outcome of the concerned academic projects and investigates the prospective influence of the concept of creative industries within the creative city on the quality of the urban space.