bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radar‐Detected Englacial Debris in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Winter Kate , Woodward John , Ross Neil , Dunning Stuart A. , Hein Andrew S. , Westoby Matthew J. , Culberg Riley , Marrero Shasta M. , Schroeder Dustin M. , Sugden David E. , Siegert Martin J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStructural glaci‐geological processes can entrain basal sediment into ice, leading to its transportation and deposition downstream. Sediments potentially rich in essential nutrients, like silica and iron, can thus be transferred from continental sources to the ocean, where deposition could enhance marine primary productivity. However, a lack of data has limited our knowledge of sediment entrainment, transfer, and distribution in Antarctica, until now. We use ice‐penetrating radar to examine englacial sediments in the Weddell Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Radargrams reveal englacial reflectors on the leeside of nunataks and subglacial highlands, where Mie scattering analysis of the reflectors suggests particle sizes consistent with surface moraine sediments. We hypothesize that these sediments are entrained at the thermal boundary between cold and warm‐based ice. Conservative estimates of >130 × 109 kg of englacial sediment in Horseshoe Valley alone suggest that the ice sheet has significant entrainment potential unappreciated previously.
Engineered CRISPRa enables programmable eukaryote-like gene activation in bacteria
Authors: Liu Yang , Wan Xinyi , Wang Baojun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTranscriptional regulation by nuclease-deficient CRISPR/Cas is a popular and valuable tool for routine control of gene expression. CRISPR interference in bacteria can be reliably achieved with high efficiencies. Yet, options for CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) remained limited in flexibility and activity because they relied on σ70 promoters. Here we report a eukaryote-like bacterial CRISPRa system based on σ54-dependent promoters, which supports long distance, and hence multi-input regulation with high dynamic ranges. Our CRISPRa device can activate σ54-dependent promoters with biotechnology relevance in non-model bacteria. It also supports orthogonal gene regulation on multiple levels. Combining our CRISPRa with dxCas9 further expands flexibility in DNA targeting, and boosts dynamic ranges into regimes that enable construction of cascaded CRISPRa circuits. Application-wise, we construct a reusable scanning platform for readily optimizing metabolic pathways without library reconstructions. This eukaryote-like CRISPRa system is therefore a powerful and versatile synthetic biology tool for diverse research and industrial applications.
Modeling heat transport in crystals and glasses from a unified lattice-dynamical approach
Authors: Isaeva Leyla , Barbalinardo Giuseppe , Donadio Davide , Baroni Stefano 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe introduce a novel approach to model heat transport in solids, based on the Green-Kubo theory of linear response. It naturally bridges the Boltzmann kinetic approach in crystals and the Allen-Feldman model in glasses, leveraging interatomic force constants and normal-mode linewidths computed at mechanical equilibrium. At variance with molecular dynamics, our approach naturally and easily accounts for quantum mechanical effects in energy transport. Our methodology is carefully validated against results for crystalline and amorphous silicon from equilibrium molecular dynamics and, in the former case, from the Boltzmann transport equation.
Unique transcriptional and protein-expression signature in human lung tissue-resident NK cells
Authors: Marquardt Nicole , Kekäläinen Eliisa , Chen Puran , Lourda Magda , Wilson Jennifer N. , Scharenberg Marlena , Bergman Per , Al-Ameri Mamdoh , Hård Joanna , Mold Jeffrey E. , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Michaëlsson Jakob 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman lung tissue-resident NK cells (trNK cells) are likely to play an important role in host responses towards viral infections, inflammatory conditions and cancer. However, detailed insights into these cells are still largely lacking. Here we show, using RNA sequencing and flow cytometry-based analyses, that subsets of human lung CD69+CD16− NK cells display hallmarks of tissue-residency, including high expression of CD49a, CD103, and ZNF683, and reduced expression of SELL, S1PR5, and KLF2/3. CD49a+CD16− NK cells are functionally competent, and produce IFN-γ, TNF, MIP-1β, and GM-CSF. After stimulation with IL-15, they upregulate perforin, granzyme B, and Ki67 to a similar degree as CD49a−CD16− NK cells. Comparing datasets from trNK cells in human lung and bone marrow with tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells identifies core genes co-regulated either by tissue-residency, cell-type or location. Together, our data indicate that human lung trNK cells have distinct features, likely regulating their function in barrier immunity.
Quantum localization and delocalization of charge carriers in organic semiconducting crystals
Authors: Giannini Samuele , Carof Antoine , Ellis Matthew , Yang Hui , Ziogos Orestis George , Ghosh Soumya , Blumberger Jochen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCharge carrier transport in organic semiconductors is at the heart of many revolutionary technologies ranging from organic transistors, light-emitting diodes, flexible displays and photovoltaic cells. Yet, the nature of charge carriers and their transport mechanism in these materials is still unclear. Here we show that by solving the time-dependent electronic Schrödinger equation coupled to nuclear motion for eight organic molecular crystals, the excess charge carrier forms a polaron delocalized over up to 10–20 molecules in the most conductive crystals. The polaron propagates through the crystal by diffusive jumps over several lattice spacings at a time during which it expands more than twice its size. Computed values for polaron size and charge mobility are in excellent agreement with experimental estimates and correlate very well with the recently proposed transient localization theory.
Vertical support use and primate origins
Authors: Yapuncich Gabriel S. , Feng Henry J. , Dunn Rachel H. , Seiffert Erik R. , Boyer Doug M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdaptive scenarios of crown primate origins remain contentious due to uncertain order of acquisition and functional significance of the clade’s diagnostic traits. A feature of the talus bone in the ankle, known as the posterior trochlear shelf (PTS), is well-regarded as a derived crown primate trait, but its adaptive significance has been obscured by poorly understood function. Here we propose a novel biomechanical function for the PTS and model the talus as a cam mechanism. By surveying a large sample of primates and their closest relatives, we demonstrate that the PTS is most strongly developed in extant taxa that habitually grasp vertical supports with strongly dorsiflexed feet. Tali of the earliest fossils likely to represent crown primates exhibit more strongly developed PTS cam mechanisms than extant primates. As a cam, the PTS may increase grasping efficiency in dorsiflexed foot postures by increasing the path length of the flexor fibularis tendon, and thus improve the muscle’s ability to maintain flexed digits without increasing energetic demands. Comparisons are made to other passive digital flexion mechanisms suggested to exist in other vertebrates. These results provide robust anatomical evidence that the habitual vertical support use exerted a strong selective pressure during crown primate origins.
Hunters select for behavioral traits in a large carnivore
Authors: Leclerc M. , Zedrosser A. , Swenson J. E. , Pelletier F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman harvest can induce selection on life history and morphological traits, leading to ecological and evolutionary responses. Our understanding of harvest-induced selection on behavioral traits is, however, very limited. Here, we assessed whether hunters harvest, consciously or not, individuals with specific behavioral traits. We used long-term, detailed behavioral and survival data of a heavily harvested brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in Sweden. We found that hunters harvested male bears that were less active during legal hunting hours and had lower movement rates. Also, hunters harvested male and female bears that used habitats closer to roads. We provide an empirical example that individual behavior can modulate vulnerability to hunting and that hunters could exert a selective pressure on wildlife behaviors. This study increases our understanding of the complex interactions between harvest method, human behavior, and animal behavior that are at play in harvest-induced selection and provides better insight into the full effects of human harvest on wild populations.
Constitutive Active Mutant TIE2 Induces Enlarged Vascular Lumen Formation with Loss of Apico-basal Polarity and Pericyte Recruitment
Authors: Cai Yuqi , Schrenk Sandra , Goines Jillian , Davis George E. , Boscolo Elisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAbnormalities in controlling key aspects of angiogenesis including vascular cell migration, lumen formation and vessel maturation are hallmarks of vascular anomalies including venous malformation (VM). Gain-of-function mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptor TIE2 can cause VM and induce a ligand-independent hyperactivation of TIE2. Despite these important findings, the TIE2-dependent mechanisms triggering enlarged vascular lesions are not well understood. Herein we studied TIE2 p.L914F, the most frequent mutation identified in VM patients. We report that endothelial cells harboring a TIE2-L914F mutation display abnormal cell migration due to a loss of front-rear polarity as demonstrated by a non-polarized Golgi apparatus. Utilizing a three-dimensional fibrin-matrix based model we show that TIE2-L914F mutant cells form enlarged lumens mimicking vascular lesions present in VM patients, independently of exogenous growth factors. Moreover, these abnormal vascular channels demonstrate a dysregulated expression pattern of apico-basal polarity markers Podocalyxin and Collagen IV. Furthermore, in this system we recapitulated another pathological feature of VM, the paucity of pericytes around ectatic veins. The presented data emphasize the value of this in vitro model as a powerful tool for the discovery of cellular and molecular signals contributing to abnormal vascular development and subsequent identification of novel therapeutic approaches.
Eco-friendly synthesis of glutathione-capped CdTe/CdSe/ZnSe core/double shell quantum dots: their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects on Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Monaheng Neo Mervyn , Parani Sundararajan , Gulumian Mary , Oluwafemi Oluwatobi Samuel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, we report green one-pot synthesis, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of glutathione-capped CdTe/CdSe/ZnSe heterostructured quantum dots (QDs) using a label-free xCELLigence RTCA system as well as the Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus assay. The as-synthesised nanocrystals displayed good optical properties and were spherical in shape with an average particle diameter of 5.9 ± 1.13 nm. The intracellular uptake study showed that most of the as-synthesised glutathione stabilized QDs penetrated the cell membranes and were found randomly localized in the cytoplasm of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells even at a lower concentration of 0.5 μg ml−1. The QDs showed no cytotoxicity to Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells at six concentrations tested (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 25 μg ml−1). However, at 50 and 100 μg ml−1 the material was cytotoxic at significant p values of 3.1 × 10−4 and 9.47 × 10−10, respectively. Likewise, the material was found to be genotoxic at almost all concentrations tested. The genotoxicity of the nanocrystals in question confers unfavorable potential to all complex heterostructured nanocrystals. Hence, more studies are needed to negate the prevailing assumption that multishell passivation provides enough protection against intracellular QD core dissolution or the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) before these nanomaterials can be used in vivo for human health applications.
Optimaler Schutz für die Hände
Authors: Nadler Sylvia 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Hände sind das wichtigste Instrumentarium des OP-Personals und müssen deshalb
gut geschützt werden. Obwohl die meisten OP-Handschuhe ausreichend Schutz bei
den gängigen Anwendungen bieten, können von den Handschuhmaterialien
unterschiedliche Risiken für den Träger sowie für Patienten ausgehen. Unsere
Autorin erklärt, welche Aspekte bei der Auswahl des richtigen Handschuhs zu
beachten sind.
Verzögerungen im OP-Ablauf
Authors: Wellhöfer Denise 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungWenn eine OP nicht pünktlich startet, ist das häufig auf eine Verkettung
zahlreicher Umstände zurückzuführen. Doch wie wirken sich Verzögerungen im
OP-Ablauf auf das Erleben von Patienten und Pflegenden aus? Dazu hat unsere
Autorin im Rahmen ihrer Bachelorarbeit Pflegekräfte befragt. Ihre Erkenntnisse
zu den Ursachen und Auswirkungen von OP-Verzögerungen hat sie in diesem Artikel
zusammengefasst. Außerdem gibt sie Empfehlungen, wie sich Wartezeiten verhindern
oder überbrücken lassen.
Epidemiology and Treatment of Patients with Haemophilia in Austria—Update from the Austrian Haemophilia Registry
Authors: Rejtő Judit , Reitter-Pfoertner Sylvia , Kepa Sylvia , Feistritzer Clemens , Grundbichler Michael , Hörbst Alexander , Jones Neil , Muntean Wolfgang , Neumeister Peter , Oberbichler Stefan , Schuster Gerhard , Schwarz Rudolf , Thom Katharina , Zwiauer Karl , Streif Werner , Male Christoph , Pabinger Ingrid 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Austrian Haemophilia Registry collects epidemiological data on patients with haemophilia, on treatment modalities and potential side effects. The Registry covers more than 85% of the assumed total number of haemophilia patients in Austria. This report summarizes data on 753 patients: 84.3% (635) have haemophilia A and 15.7% (118) have haemophilia B. Patients' median age is 34 years (range: 1–93 years). Of the total cohort, 39.0% (294) patients have severe haemophilia, 11.3% (85) moderate haemophilia, and 49.4% (372) mild haemophilia. Of the patients with severe haemophilia, 38.4% (113) have been infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 12.6% (37) are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. Overall, 10.6% (67) of patients with haemophilia A and 1.7% (2) of those with haemophilia B have had an inhibitor in their history. Among patients with severe haemophilia, 68.4% (201) receive prophylaxis and 28.6% (84) receive on-demand therapy. There are 65.0% (191) patients with severe haemophilia who are treated with recombinant products. In conclusion, most patients with severe haemophilia receive prophylactic treatment. HCV and HIV infections are still important issues in the Austrian haemophilia population.
Recuperação do centro de rotação do quadril com tântalo em artroplastias de revisão
Authors: Barros Antônio Augusto Guimarães , Barbosa Victor Atsushi Kasuya , Costa Lincoln Paiva , Guedes Euler de Carvalho , Vassalo Carlos César 
Published: August 2019

Resumo
Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a capacidade de restauração do centro de rotação anatômico do quadril com uso de copas acetabulares de tântalo associado ou não a cunhas de adição.
Métodos Análise retrospectiva dos pacientes submetidos a revisão de artroplastia do quadril com uso de tântalo entre o período de junho de 2013 e abril de 2017. Foram avaliados o ângulo de abdução do componente acetabular e as distâncias horizontal e vertical do componente ao centro de rotação anatômico do quadril. As medidas foram realizadas através de radiografias da bacia realizadas no pré-operatório e na última visita de seguimento.
Resultados Obteve-se uma amostra de 21 pacientes, 11 (52%) homens e 10 (48%) mulheres, com média de idade de 62 ± 13 anos. O ângulo médio de abdução da copa acetabular reduziu de 48,76° ± 13,88° no pré-operatório para 38,52° ± 10,08° no pós-operatório, sendo esta diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,001). As distâncias do centro de rotação da prótese em relação ao centro de rotação anatômico do quadril também foram menores após a cirurgia de revisão com o tântalo. A distância média horizontal de 12,74 ± 10,59 mm foi reduzida para 7,11 ± 4,84 mm, e a distância média vertical foi reduzida de 14,79 ± 10,05 mm para 4,89 ± 6,21 mm, sendo essas reduções estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,001).
Conclusão As revisões de artroplastia do quadril com copas de tântalo, associadas ou não a cunhas de adição, recuperaram de forma significativa o centro de rotação anatômico do quadril.
Femoral Hernia Containing the Right Fallopian Tube: A Rare Finding
Authors: Viveiros Duarte , Lázaro André , Carvalho Hélder 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFemoral hernias comprise a small proportion of all groin hernias. They are more common in women and have a high rate of incarceration and strangulation, leading to emergency repair. A 61-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department complaining of a 2-day painful lump in the right groin, that had become more intense in the last 24 hours. Physical examination suggested the presence of a strangulated femoral hernia, and the patient underwent emergency surgical repair. Intraoperatively, the right fallopian tube was observed in the hernia sac. Since there were no signs of ischemia, the tube was reduced back into the pelvic cavity and the hernia was repaired. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged without complications, 3 days after surgery.
Avaliação do perfil laboratorial de idosos com fratura de fêmur proximal por mecanismo de baixa energia
Authors: Baggio Marcelo , Oliveira Daniel Teixeira de , Locks Renato 
Published: August 2019

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar o perfil laboratorial de idosos com fratura de fêmur proximal e verificar a relação dos dados com o desfecho da própria fratura e com o desfecho óbito.
Métodos Estudo transversal de pacientes admitidos na emergência ortopédica de um hospital referência, entre os meses de fevereiro e abril de 2017, com fratura de fêmur proximal, por mecanismo de baixa energia, sendo coletados exames laboratoriais e de imagem. Foram excluídos do estudo pacientes com suspeita ou confirmação de fratura patológica.
Resultados Foram avaliados 66 indivíduos, sendo 44 mulheres, todos com idade superior a 60 anos. A fratura transtrocantérica apresentou maior incidência no estudo (36). Alterações do hormônio da paratireoide (PTH) e da albumina foram significativos para óbito (p ≤ 0,05). O tempo de internação não foi fator significativo para óbito.
Conclusões Alterações laboratoriais não estavam relacionadas ao desfecho de óbito. A albumina pode estar relacionada ao risco de óbito. Nenhum resultado laboratorial foi apontado como facilitador na geração de fraturas de fêmur proximal. Mais estudos são necessários para poder entender melhor a influência do quadro laboratorial do paciente na ocorrência de fraturas e suas consequências.
Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Group Counseling on the Mental Health of Midwifery Students
Authors: Javid Nezhat , Ahmadi Atefeh , Mirzaei Moghadameh , Atghaei Monavvareh 
Published: August 2019

Objective The present study was conducted with the objective of investigating the effectiveness of solution-focused group counseling (SFGC) on promoting the mental health of midwifery students.
Methods The present study is an intervention-based study with a pretest, a post-test, and a control group. The statistical population included all of the midwifery students studying in the midwifery department of the Bam University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, who filled out the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in the screening phase. In the second phase, 40 individuals, having a low level of mental health based on the cutoff score of 23, were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups (intervention and control), each group with 20 participants. The intervention group participated in 5 sessions of 75 minutes for SFGC. Then, the post-test was held in both groups and the data analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis test with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). The significance level was considered as p < 0.05.
Results The findings showed that the mean of the post-test mental health scores of the intervention group (14.5 ± 50.35) and of the control group (23.6 ± 35.83) showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the comparison between the mean scores of the mental health subscales (physical symptoms, stress, social performance, and depression) showed a statistically significant difference in these groups, and SFGC improved physical symptoms, stress, social performance, and depression in the members of the intervention group.
Conclusion Solution-focused group counseling may improve all levels of mental health. This type of counseling is recommended to be used to solve the psychological problems and to improve the mental health of students, as well as of the staff of the health system.
Efeito das posições dos enxertos na estabilidade da artroplastia total de quadril com diferentes tipos de encurtamento subtrocantérico
Authors: Yazar Ethem Aytac , Karakus Ozgun , Saygi Baransel 
Published: August 2019

Resumo
Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar a estabilidade biomecânica de diferentes tipos de osteotomias subtrocantéricas e posições de enxertos em coxartroses displásicas que necessitam de artroplastia total de quadril com osteotomia de encurtamento, e determinar o tipo de osteotomia e a posição do enxerto que são mais eficazes.
Método Modelos de fêmur (sawbones) foram usados para comparar os tipos de osteotomia de encurtamento femoral (transversal, oblíqua e em degrau de escada [step-cut]). Os enxertos em haste, preparados do lado da osteotomia subtrocantérica, foram fixados em diferentes posições (ântero-lateral, medial-lateral e ântero-posterior). A fixação dos enxertos foi feita com 2 cabos de aço (de 2,0 mm de largura) de mesma resistência. Os valores de falha dos fêmures compostos para cargas axiais e rotacionais foram registrados.
Resultados Do ponto de vista biomecânico, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os tipos de osteotomia de encurtamento subtrocantérico femoral e as posições dos enxertos em haste aplicados.
Conclusão Não houve superioridade entre os tipos de osteotomia de encurtamento subtrocantérico femoral quanto à estabilidade. Além disso, em relação à resistência ao estresse, os resultados obtidos com diferentes posições das hastes foram similares. Assim, acreditamos que o método mais indicado é aquele em que o cirurgião é experiente e cuja aplicação é mais fácil.