bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced lightweight infrared object detection algorithm for assistive navigation in visually impaired individuals
Authors: Bai Zhimin , Yang Yang , Wang Jian , Li Zhengyang , Wang Jiajun , Liu Chunxin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study introduces an advanced infrared scene detection algorithm, enhancing the YOLOv8 model for aiding visually impaired individuals in navigation. The focus is on the neck network, integrating attention scale sequences to boost multi‐level perception, particularly for small object detection. This is achieved by adding upsampling and downsampling in the P2 module. Additionally, the CIoU loss function is refined with Inner‐SIoU, elevating bounding box detection precision. A distinctive feature of the approach is its monocular distance and velocity measurement integration, which operates independently of external devices, providing direct navigation support for visually impaired people. Further, the enhanced YOLOv8 is adapted for mobile use, employing pruning and lightweight methods, which substantially enhance its practicality. The experimental results on the FLIR and WOTR datasets demonstrate that, compared to the original YOLOv8n, the improved algorithm has achieved a 2.1% and 3.2% increase in , respectively. Furthermore, the has seen a 2.2% and 3.8% improvement. Concurrently, the model size has been reduced by 55% and 60%, and the number of parameters has decreased by 60% and 67%. Compared to other assistive travel methods for visually impaired individuals, our work demonstrates superior practicality.
Predicting the impact of public events and mobility in Smart Cities
Authors: Bellodi Elena , Zese Riccardo , Petrovich Carlo , Frascella Angelo , Bertasi Francesco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe ubiquitous presence of smartphones and the ever‐expanding Internet of Things are generating a treasure trove of data on human movement. We harness the power of Artificial Intelligence to extract knowledge within this data, in particular for predicting people flows and density in a Smart City. This predictive ability holds immense potential for a multitude of applications, from optimising people flow to streamlining event planning, while offering a powerful tool for pre‐emptive identification of situations that may lead to crowd disasters. In this paper, we tackle two crucial aspects of people mobility using data from public events and an Italian mobile phone network: to predict both event attendance and future crowd density in specific areas. The event details (location, time etc.) are automatically gathered and stored in a structured format. Next, we handle these problems are treated in a “supervised learning” setting, and various state‐of‐art Machine Learning techniques are tested to find the best model for each task. The obtained models will be encapsulated into a Policy Support System contributing to foster planning actions of mobility services.
The formation of black holes in non-interacting isolated binaries
Authors: Kruckow Matthias U. , Andrews Jeff J. , Fragos Tassos , Holl Berry , Bavera Simone S. , Briel Max , Gossage Seth , Kovlakas Konstantinos , Rocha Kyle A. , Sun Meng , Srivastava Philipp M. , Xing Zepei , Zapartas Emmanouil 
Published: November 2024

Context. The black holes discovered using Gaia, especially Gaia BH1 and BH2, have low-mass companions of solar-like metallicity in wide orbits. For standard formation channels of isolated binary evolution that include interactions, this extreme mass ratio is unexpected, especially for orbits of hundreds to thousands of days.
Aims. We investigate a non-interacting formation path for isolated binaries to explain the formation of Gaia BH1 and BH2.
Methods. We used single star models computed with MESA to constrain the main characteristics of possible progenitors of long-period black hole binaries such as Gaia BH1 and BH2. Then, we incorporated these model grids into the binary population synthesis code POSYDON to explore whether the formation of the observed binaries at solar metallicity is indeed possible.
Results. We find that winds of massive stars (≳80 M⊙), especially during the Wolf-Rayet phase, tend to cause a plateau in the relation of the initial stellar mass to final black hole mass (at about 13 M⊙ in our default wind prescription). However, stellar winds at earlier evolutionary phases are also important at high metallicity, as they prevent the most massive stars from expanding (< 100 R⊙) and filling their Roche lobe. Consequently, the strength of the applied winds affects the range of the final black hole masses in non-interacting binaries, which enables the formation of systems similar to Gaia BH1 and BH2.
Conclusions. We deduce that wide binaries with a black hole and a low-mass companion can form at high metallicity without binary interactions. There could be hundreds of such systems in the Milky Way. The mass of the black hole in binaries that evolved through the non-interacting channel might provide insights into the wind strength during the progenitor evolution.
The relation of cluster headache to alexithymia, depression, and anxiety
Authors: İşcan Dilek , Dal Cansu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of cluster headaches (CHs) involves the trigeminovascular system, the parasympathetic nervous system, and the hypothalamus. Because of the affected hypothalamus, there may be limbic system involvement in CH.
Objective To investigate the relationship between depression, anxiety, and alexithymia in CH, to demonstrate that the limbic system is affected.
Methods A total of 18 patients with CHs who were outside of cluster period and 18 healthy controls were included. Participants were administered the Beck depression inventory (BDI), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and Toronto alexithymia scale-20 (TAS-20).
Results Patients with CHs had significantly higher rates of alexithymia (p = 0.003) and depression (p = 0.014) than controls. There was no significant difference in anxiety levels (p = 0.297) between groups.
Conclusion It was shown that, in addition to previously identified psychiatric disorders, alexithymia can accompany CHs in patients.
Association of hyperventilation-induced heart rate variability and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Algin Demet Ilhan , Erdinc Oguz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Within the general epilepsy population, the incidence of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) ranges from approximately 0.35 to 2.3 per 1,000 individuals per year.
Objective We aimed to evaluate the relationship between SUDEP risk factors and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters as a potential biomarker of SUDEP in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).
Methods There were 52 patients diagnosed with DRE and under follow-up, and controls including 45 healthy subjects, included in the study. Hyperventilation-induced HRV (HRVHV) parameters, including the standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDRR), mean heart rate (HR), root mean squares of successive differences (RMSSD), SD of mean NN intervals recordings (SDANN), and HRV triangular index, were assessed during resting. To predict the risk of SUDEP, the relationship between HRV parameters and SUDEP risks was evaluated using the Risk Assessment for Sudden Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP-7) Risk Inventory.
Results No statistically significant difference was found in sympathetic skin response (SSR) latency and amplitudes between the patient and control groups. In comparing healthy control subjects with patients experiencing DRE, we observed significant decreases in SDRRHV and hyperventilation-induced RMSSD (RMSSDHV) values, specifically within HRVHV. Notably, a significant correlation emerged concerning the RMSSDHV values (p < 0.01), when examining the correlation between the SUDEP-7 inventory and HRVHV parameters.
Conclusion This correlation between RMSSDHV and the SUDEP-7 Risk Inventory in patients with DRE represents a novel and consequential finding, suggesting its potential as an indicator of SUDEP risk.
Efficacy and Safety Profile of Different Schedules of Adjuvant Trastuzumab Therapy among Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Real-World Experience from a Tertiary Cancer Center in South India
Authors: Rajan Nandini Devi , Menon Abhilash , Shenoy Praveen Kumar , Avaronnan Manuprasad , Shahana Sherin , Therayangalath Bindu 
Published: November 2024

One year of adjuvant trastuzumab is the standard of care for HER2-positive breast cancer. In low–middle income countries, delivery of 1-year trastuzumab is challenging due to significant financial burden. Evidence for shorter durations of adjuvant trastuzumab is gaining popularity in this regard. In this study, we compared the effectiveness and safety of 1 year versus shorter durations of adjuvant trastuzumab practiced in our center. In total, 312 patients were included in this analysis. The median age was 52 years. More than two-thirds of patients (67.6%) had stage 2 disease and majority were hormone-receptor-positive (62.5%). The median follow-up duration was 50 months. The 4-year disease-free survival was 97.3%. The 4-year disease-free survival for shorter durations of adjuvant trastuzumab was 98% compared with 96.7% in 1-year trastuzumab therapy group. In univariate analysis, stage at diagnosis was the only factor which had statistically significant association with disease-free survival. In multivariate analysis, none of the variables were found to be predictive of survival. Two patients (0.6%) had significant left ventricular ejection fraction decline.Shorter durations of adjuvant trastuzumab have comparable 4-year disease-free survival to standard 1-year therapy and is an alternative adjuvant treatment option for HER2-positive breast cancer patients in resource-limited settings.
Generation of 10 kT axial magnetic fields using multiple conventional laser beams: A sensitivity study for kJ PW-class laser facilities
Authors: Hao Jue Xuan , Tang Xiang , Arefiev Alexey , Kingham Robert J. , Zhu Ping , Shi Yin , Zheng Jian 
Published: November 2024

Strong multi-kilotesla magnetic fields have various applications in high-energy density science and laboratory astrophysics, but they are not readily available. In our previous work [Y. Shi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 155101 (2023)], we developed a novel approach for generating such fields using multiple conventional laser beams with a twist in the pointing direction. This method is particularly well-suited for multi-kilojoule petawatt-class laser systems like SG-II UP, which are designed with multiple linearly polarized beamlets. Utilizing three-dimensional kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we examine critical factors for a proof-of-principle experiment, such as laser polarization, relative pulse delay, phase offset, pointing stability, and target configuration, and their impact on magnetic field generation. Our general conclusion is that the approach is very robust and can be realized under a wide range of laser parameters and plasma conditions. We also provide an in-depth analysis of the axial magnetic field configuration, azimuthal electron current, and electron and ion orbital angular momentum densities. Supported by a simple model, our analysis shows that the axial magnetic field decays owing to the expansion of hot electrons.
A new approach of generalized shifted Vieta-Fibonacci polynomials to solve nonlinear variable order time fractional Burgers-Huxley equations
Authors: Avazzadeh Zakieh , Hassani Hossein , Ebadi Mohammad Javad , Eshkaftaki Ali Bayati 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In recent years, advancements in optimization techniques and the widespread availability of high-performance computing have made it increasingly feasible to study and develop approximation strategies for nonlinear models. This progress has empowered researchers to address more intricate and realistic challenges associated with these models. This paper introduces the application of a novel polynomial, the generalized shifted Vieta-Fibonacci polynomials (GSVFPs), in solving nonlinear variable order time fractional Burgers-Huxley equations. To mitigate storage and computational costs, new operational matrices (OMs) are devised. The proposed algorithm integrates GSVFPs, OMs, and Lagrange multipliers to achieve optimal approximations. Through convergence analysis and numerical examples, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm in solving these equations are demonstrated. The provided numerical illustrations further bolster this assertion.
Constraining the average magnetic field in galaxy clusters with current and upcoming CMB surveys
Authors: Muralidhara Vyoma , Basu Kaustuv 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Galaxy clusters that host radio halos indicate the presence of population(s) of non-thermal electrons. These electrons can scatter low-energy photons of the Cosmic Microwave Background, resulting in the non-thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (ntSZ) effect. We measure the average ntSZ signal from 62 radio-halo hosting clusters using the Planck multi-frequency all-sky maps. We find no direct evidence of the ntSZ signal in the Planck data. Combining the upper limits on the non-thermal electron density with the average measured synchrotron power collected from the literature, we place lower limits on the average magnetic field strength in our sample. The lower limit on the volume-averaged magnetic field is 0.01–0.24 μG, depending on the assumed power-law distribution of electron energies. We further explore the potential improvement of these constraints from the upcoming Simons Observatory and Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope (FYST) of the CCAT-prime collaboration. We find that combining these two experiments, the constraints will improve by a factor of

two, which can be sufficient to rule out some power-law models.
High-count-rate particle tracking in proton and carbon radiotherapy with Timepix2 operated in ultra-short acquisition time
Authors: Oancea C. , Resch A. , Barna S. , Magrin G. , Grevillot L. , Hladik D. , Marek L. , Jakubek J. , Granja C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the operational acquisition time limits of Timepix3 and Timepix2
detectors operated in frame mode for high-count rate of high deposited energy transfer
particles. Measurements were performed using alpha particles from a 241Am laboratory source
and proton and carbon ion beams from a synchrotron accelerator. The particle count rate upper
limit is determined by overlapping per-pixel particle signals, identifiable by the hits per pixel
counter > 2, indicating the need to decrease acquisition time. On the other hand, the lower
limit is the time required to collect the particle deposited charge while maintaining spectral
properties. Different acquisition times were evaluated for an AdvaPIX Timepix3 detector (500 μm Silicon sensor) with standard per-pixel

Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)
settings and a Minipix Timepix2 detector (300 μm Silicon sensor) with standard and customized settings the pulse shaping parameter and
threshold. For AdvaPIX Timepix3, spectra remained accurate down to 100 μs frame acquisition
time; at 10 μs, loss of collected charge occurred, suggesting either avoiding this acquisition
time or applying a correction. Timepix2 allowed acquisition times down to 100 ns for single
particle track measurements even for high energy loss, enabled by a new Timepix2 feature delaying
shutter closure until full particle charge collection. This work represents the first measurement
utilizing Timepix-chips pixel detectors in an accelerator beam of clinical energy and intensity
without the need to decrease the beam current. This is made possible by exploiting the short
shutter feature in Timepix2 and a customized per-pixel energy calibration of the Timepix2 detector
with a larger discharging signal value which allowed for shorter

Time-over-Threshold (ToT)
signal. These customized
settings extend the operation of the pixel detectors to higher event rates up to 109
particles/cm2/s.
High-resolution geophysical monitoring of moisture accumulation preceding slope movement—a path to improved early warning
Authors: Watlet Arnaud , Wilkinson Paul , Whiteley Jim , White Adrian , Uhlemann Sebastian , Swift Russell , Ouellet Susanne , Minto Chris , Meldrum Philip , Jones Lee , Gunn David , Godfrey Alastair , Dashwood Ben , Crickmore Roger , Clarkson Paul , Boyd James , Chambers Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Slope failures are an ongoing global threat leading to significant numbers of fatalities and infrastructure damage. Landslide impact on communities can be reduced using efficient early warning systems to plan mitigation measures and protect elements at risk. This manuscript presents an innovative geophysical approach to monitoring landslide dynamics, which combines electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), and was deployed on a slope representative of many landslides in clay rich lowland slopes. ERT is used to create detailed, dynamic moisture maps that highlight zones of moisture accumulation leading to slope instability. The link between ERT derived soil moisture and the subsequent initiation of slope deformation is confirmed by low-frequency DAS measurements, which were collocated with the ERT measurements and provide changes in strain at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Auxiliary hydrological and slope displacement data support the geophysical interpretation. By revealing critical zones prone to failure, this combined ERT and DAS monitoring approach sheds new light on landslide mechanisms. This study demonstrates the advantage of including subsurface geophysical monitoring techniques to improve landslide early warning approaches, and highlights the importance of relying on observations from different sources to build effective landslide risk management strategies.
Nanoscale sintering of zinc micropowders for high conductivity and sensing applications of transient electronics
Authors: Pamuła Zuzanna , Słoma Marcin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the face of new social and environmental challenges, there is a need for an alternative approach to the fabrication of electronics. Increasing demand for smart healthcare applications or the growing e-waste problems inspired the work on new adaptations and materials for biodegradable, bioresorbable or even edible electronics. Such a trend is called transient electronics, which is a response to the mentioned problems, yet efficient and affordable fabrication of such elements is challenging. We report a broader approach to the application of zinc inks for printed electronics and a nanochemical sintering approach with several types of organic acids. Selectively spray-printed fine zinc microparticles subjected to acetic, lactic, malonic, ethylmalonic and citric acids were evaluated for obtaining the lowest electrical resistivity and its variations induced by the amount of applied acids. Resulting sintered Zn patterns exhibited sheet resistivity values as low as 15 · 10−2 Ω sq−1. Not all acids are suitable for fabricating stable, conductive paths, as in the case of citric and ethylmalonic acids. On the other hand, with malonic acid, there was a wide range of resistance changes in the function of applied acid doses (from one to fifteen), suggesting application as a chemical sensor for acid concentration. Such results suggest that with a low-cost zinc powder, absorbable by living organisms and disintegrating in the natural environment, using common organic acids, we can efficiently fabricate printed electronic circuits and sensors for transient electronics applications.
The development of paliperidone nanocrystals for the treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Lhaglham Phattalapol , Jiramonai Luksika , Liang Xing-Jie , Liu Bingchuan , Li Fangzhou 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex and chronic psychiatric disorder that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Ranking 12th among 310 diseases and injuries that result in disability, the number of patients suffering from schizophrenia continues to rise, emphasizing the urgent need for developing effective treatments. Despite the availability of effective antipsychotic drugs, over 80% of patients taking oral antipsychotics experience relapses, primarily caused by non-adherence as the high dosing frequency is required. In this review, we discuss about schizophrenia, its incidence, pathological causes, influencing factors, and the challenges of the current medications. Specifically, we explore nanocrystal technology and its application to paliperidone, making it one of the most successful long-acting antipsychotic drugs introduced to the market. We highlight the clinical advantages of paliperidone nanocrystals, including improved adherence, efficacy, long-term outcomes, patient satisfaction, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, we address the physicochemical factors influencing the drug’s half-life, which crucially contribute to long-acting medications. Further studies on nanocrystal-based long-acting medications are crucial for enhancing their effectiveness and reliability. The successful development of paliperidone nanocrystals holds great promise as a significant approach for drug development, with potential applications for other chronic disease management.
The Impact of the Number and Duration of Treatments With a 1064 nm Diode Laser on Adipocyte Apoptosis: Implications for Noninvasive Fat Reduction Strategies
Authors: Salameh Fares , Lazzarini Ariane , Kenkel Jeffrey , Akgul Yucel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Noninvasive treatment with a 1064 nm diode laser, generating hypodermal temperatures between 42 and 47 °C, induces adipocyte cell death, offering a solution to reduce fat in problematic areas.

Objectives
The objective of the authors of this study is to determine whether a 15 min treatment provides similar efficacy as the standard 25 min treatment.

Methods
Pigs underwent a 15 or 25 min 1064 nm laser treatment on 6 × 6 cm areas of abdominal skin. Single treatments were administered 14 or 28 days before biopsy, whereas dual treatments were performed at both 14 and 28 days prebiopsy. Hematoxylin and TUNEL staining were used to detect histological changes and apoptosis in harvested skin tissue.

Results
Pig skin subjected to a 25 min diode laser treatment exhibited nearly twice the apoptotic counts in the hypodermis compared with the 15 min treatment (10.5 vs 5.7) at 28 days following treatment. The degree of apoptosis increased with time following the treatment, with nearly twice the apoptosis counts at 28 days than at 14 days following a single 25 min treatment (10.5 vs 5.8). When testing 1 vs 2 treatments, 2 treatments (28 and 14 days before harvesting the tissue) did not result in significantly higher apoptosis than 1 treatment 28 days before harvesting. Apoptosis was primarily localized to adipocytes in the hypodermis and the dermis/hypodermis junction. There were no adverse side effects in the animals.

Conclusions
The degree of apoptosis following a 1064 nm laser treatment was proportional to the treatment duration. The 25 min treatment produced significantly more apoptosis than the 15 min treatment. The process of apoptosis continued over several weeks.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)