bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐time scatter estimation for medical CT using the deep scatter estimation: Method and robustness analysis with respect to different anatomies, dose levels, tube voltages, and data truncation
Authors: Maier Joscha , Eulig Elias , Vöth Tim , Knaup Michael , Kuntz Jan , Sawall Stefan , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: November 2018

PurposeX‐ray scattering leads to CT images with a reduced contrast, inaccurate CT values as well as streak and cupping artifacts. Therefore, scatter correction is crucial to maintain the diagnostic value of CT and CBCT examinations. However, existing approaches are not able to combine both high accuracy and high computational performance. Therefore, we propose the deep scatter estimation (DSE): a deep convolutional neural network to derive highly accurate scatter estimates in real time.MethodsGold standard scatter estimation approaches rely on dedicated Monte Carlo (MC) photon transport codes. However, being computationally expensive, MC methods cannot be used routinely. To enable real‐time scatter correction with similar accuracy, DSE uses a deep convolutional neural network that is trained to predict MC scatter estimates based on the acquired projection data. Here, the potential of DSE is demonstrated using simulations of CBCT head, thorax, and abdomen scans as well as measurements at an experimental table‐top CBCT. Two conventional computationally efficient scatter estimation approaches were implemented as reference: a kernel‐based scatter estimation (KSE) and the hybrid scatter estimation (HSE).ResultsThe simulation study demonstrates that DSE generalizes well to varying tube voltages, varying noise levels as well as varying anatomical regions as long as they are appropriately represented within the training data. In any case the deviation of the scatter estimates from the ground truth MC scatter distribution is less than 1.8% while it is between 6.2% and 293.3% for HSE and between 11.2% and 20.5% for KSE. To evaluate the performance for real data, measurements of an anthropomorphic head phantom were performed. Errors were quantified by a comparison to a slit scan reconstruction. Here, the deviation is 278 HU (no correction), 123 HU (KSE), 65 HU (HSE), and 6 HU (DSE), respectively.ConclusionsThe DSE clearly outperforms conventional scatter estimation approaches in terms of accuracy. DSE is nearly as accurate as Monte Carlo simulations but is superior in terms of speed (≈10 ms/projection) by orders of magnitude.
Direct radiofrequency saturation corrected amide proton transfer tumor MRI at 3T
Authors: Wu Yin , Chen Yinsheng , Zhao Yiying , Yang Shasha , Zhao Jing , Zhou Jian , Chen Zhongping , Sun Phillip Zhe , Zheng Hairong 
Published: November 2018

PurposeAmide proton transfer (APT) imaging has been increasingly applied in tumor characterization that complements diffusion and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. However, quantification of in vivo APT effect is challenging because of concomitant semisolid magnetization transfer (MT) and nuclear overhauser enhancement effects. A direct saturation corrected (DISC) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) analysis has been recently proposed that simplifies the determination of in vivo CEST effects. Our present study aimed to extend the DISC analysis to pulsed radiofrequency CEST MRI and evaluate it at 3T.MethodsNine adult male Sprague–Dawley rats implanted C6 gliomas underwent multiparametric MRI of T1, T2, CEST, and T1‐weighted gadolinium‐enhanced imaging 1 day before and 3 days after chemoradiotherapy. The routine MT asymmetry, 3‐point method, and the extended DISC analysis were compared in tumor characterization with histology as a reference. Regional variations were assessed by 1‐way analysis of variance.ResultsT1, T2, and MT asymmetry and the DISC CEST effects showed significant alterations in tumor/necrosis with respect to the contralateral reference (P < 0.05). The resolved APT effect revealed a significant difference among the contralateral reference (2.42 ± 0.24%), necrosis (2.86 ± 0.19%), and tumor (3.25 ± 0.15%) regions after chemoradiotherapy (P < 0.05), consistent with histological observations. Conversely, the MT asymmetry did not show tumor regional variation post‐treatment (P > 0.05), whereas the 3‐point method detected no regional alteration at both time points (P > 0.05).ConclusionOur study translated DISC CEST MRI to 3T, evaluated it in glioma rat models, and confirmed its advantages in resolving tumor heterogeneity over the routine asymmetry and 3‐point analyses.
3D dynamic MRI of the vocal tract during natural speech
Authors: Lim Yongwan , Zhu Yinghua , Lingala Sajan Goud , Byrd Dani , Narayanan Shrikanth , Nayak Krishna Shrinivas 
Published: November 2018

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a technique for 3D dynamic MRI of the full vocal tract at high temporal resolution during natural speech.MethodsWe demonstrate 2.4 × 2.4 × 5.8 mm3 spatial resolution, 61‐ms temporal resolution, and a 200 × 200 × 70 mm3 FOV. The proposed method uses 3D gradient‐echo imaging with a custom upper‐airway coil, a minimum‐phase slab excitation, stack‐of‐spirals readout, pseudo golden‐angle view order in kx‐ky, linear Cartesian order along kz, and spatiotemporal finite difference constrained reconstruction, with 13‐fold acceleration. This technique is evaluated using in vivo vocal tract airway data from 2 healthy subjects acquired at 1.5T scanner, 1 with synchronized audio, with 2 tasks during production of natural speech, and via comparison with interleaved multislice 2D dynamic MRI.ResultsThis technique captured known dynamics of vocal tract articulators during natural speech tasks including tongue gestures during the production of consonants “s” and “l” and of consonant–vowel syllables, and was additionally consistent with 2D dynamic MRI. Coordination of lingual (tongue) movements for consonants is demonstrated via volume‐of‐interest analysis. Vocal tract area function dynamics revealed critical lingual constriction events along the length of the vocal tract for consonants and vowels.ConclusionWe demonstrate feasibility of 3D dynamic MRI of the full vocal tract, with spatiotemporal resolution adequate to visualize lingual movements for consonants and vocal tact shaping during natural productions of consonant–vowel syllables, without requiring multiple repetitions.
Dephasing optimization through coherence order pathway selection (DOTCOPS) for improved crusher schemes in MR spectroscopy
Authors: Landheer Karl , Juchem Christoph 
Published: November 2018

PurposeTo develop an algorithm which can robustly eliminate all unwanted coherence pathways for an arbitrary magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiment through the adjustment of the relative amplitudes of crusher gradients, thereby reducing the effects of spurious echoes and mislocalization.Theory and MethodsThe effect of crushing gradients for all coherence pathways was modeled according to the associated physics, and a cost function was optimized which maximally crushes all unwanted coherence pathways, while unaffecting the desired coherence pathway(s). The efficacy of the method was tested versus literature schemes from 2 separate MR spectroscopy (MRS) sequences: sLASER and MEGA‐sLASER with both phantom and in vivo experiments.ResultsImproved crushing power for 2 separate MRS sequences was demonstrated for 2 crushing schemes adopted from the literature in both phantom and in vivo data.ConclusionA novel algorithm and associated software was developed based on rigorous treatment of all coherence pathways, which can be applied to any arbitrary magnetic resonance spectroscopic pulse sequence of interest and any arbitrary coupled spin system. This developed method solves a long‐standing problem in in vivo MRS and is expected to critically improve the data quality of virtually all MRS applications.
Open‐label trial of ranolazine for the treatment of paramyotonia congenita
Authors: Lorusso Samantha , Kline David , Bartlett Amy , Freimer Miriam , Agriesti Julie , Hawash Ahmed A. , Rich Mark M. , Kissel John T. , David Arnold W. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionParamyotonia congenita (PMC) is a nondystrophic myotonic disorder that is believed to be caused by a defect in Nav1.4 sodium channel inactivation. Ranolazine, which acts by enhancing slow inactivation of sodium channels, has been proposed as a therapeutic option, but in vivo studies are lacking.MethodsWe conducted an open‐label, single‐center trial of ranolazine to evaluate efficacy and tolerability in patients with PMC. Subjective symptoms of stiffness, weakness, and pain as well as clinical and electrical myotonia were evaluated. Baseline measures were compared with those after 4 weeks of treatment with ranolazine.ResultsRanolazine was tolerated well without any serious adverse events. Both subjective symptoms and clinical myotonia were significantly improved. Duration of myotonia was reduced according to electromyography, but this change was not statistically significant in all tested muscles.DiscussionOur findings support the use of ranolazine as a treatment for myotonia in PMC and suggest that a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial is warranted. Muscle Nerve 59:240–243, 2019
Vibration testing: Optimizing methods to improve reliability
Authors: Marcuzzi Anna , Wainwright Alan C. , Costa Daniel S. J. , Wrigley Paul J. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this study we assessed the test–retest reliability of a Rydel–Seiffer tuning fork and an electronic vibrameter with hand‐held and fixed probes. Methods: Fifty healthy volunteers were assessed twice in the upper and lower limb 15 minutes apart. Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM). The effect of stimulus parameters on vibration disappearance threshold (VDT) was assessed by analysis of variance. Results: All 3 tools showed good reliability (ICCs = 0.65–0.95). Vibrameter recordings with the fixed probe showed high variability. The vibrameter was more sensitive in detecting body‐site and age differences in vibration thresholds than the tuning fork. Significantly higher VDT was observed when higher starting amplitudes and slower rates of change were used. Discussion: The hand‐held vibrameter is a superior tool to monitor vibration sense. The stimulus amplitude and rate of change are important to control as they alter VDT. Muscle Nerve 59:229–235, 2019
Correlation of ultrasound cross‐sectional area of the median nerve, nerve conduction studies and 2‐point discrimination
Authors: Panagopoulos Georgios N. , Wu Tiffany , Fowler John R. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between a measure of physical performance, a measure of physiology and a measure of anatomy in the setting of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).MethodsA retrospective review of 215 consecutive patients with suspected CTS was conducted. All patients were evaluated with static 2‐point discrimination (2PD), ultrasound (US) measurement of the median nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA), and nerve conduction studies (NCS). Correlations between 2PD and US and NCS parameters were calculated. The ability of US/NCS to predict 2PD was evaluated.ResultsAnalysis failed to prove a statistically significant correlation between 2PD and median nerve CSA. A weak correlation was detected between 2PD and NCS parameters. When 2PD was used as a reference standard, NCS parameters combined had the greatest sensitivity, followed by US.ConclusionsCurrently used diagnostic tests (NCS and US) correlate poorly with 2PD. Muscle Nerve 000: 000–000, 2018 Muscle Nerve 59:236–239, 2019
Ultrasonographic evaluation of radial nerve injuries associated with pediatric chronic monteggia lesions
Authors: Liu Weiyong , Sui Xiufang , Ye Lei , Zhao Li 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionTo determine the ultrasonographic evaluation of the radial nerve (RN) before correction of chronic pediatric Monteggia lesions in patients with suspected nerve injury.MethodsTwelve consecutive children with Monteggia lesions were investigated. The cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the nerve and the nerve‐to‐skin (N‐S) distance were determined by ultrasonography at 3 levels: 5 cm proximal to the humeroradial joint (L_prox), a horizontal line through the humeroradial joint (L_mid), and 2.5 cm distal to the humeroradial joint (L_dist).ResultsThe CSA was greater on the injured side than on the unaffected side at L_prox and at L_mid (P < 0.01), but no difference was noted for posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) at L_dist (P = 0.445). The N‐S values were greater on the unaffected side than on the injured side (P < 0.01), but there was no difference at L_dist in superficial RN and PIN.DiscussionUltrasonography allowed the preoperative assessment of the severity of RN injuries in chronic pediatric Monteggia lesions. Muscle Nerve 59:326–330, 2019
Surface modification of chitosan films with a fibronectin fragment–DNA aptamer complex to enhance osteoblastic cell activity: A mass spectrometry approach probing evidence on protein behavior
Authors: Saccani Martina , Parisi Ludovica , Bergonzi Carlo , Bianchera Annalisa , Galli Carlo , Macaluso Guido Maria , Bettini Ruggero , Elviri Lisa 
Published: November 2018

RationaleProtein dynamics are fundamental for biological activity. Direct surface functionalization with these biomolecules often creates regions presenting non‐homogeneous and altered protein functionality. Aptamers have been shown to be an effective method to enhance the biocompatibility of biomaterials by acting as docking points for biomolecules capable of improving cell responses and the colonization/proliferation processes. Here mass spectrometry (MS) was successfully applied as an analytical approach to study the interactions between a fibronectin fragment (FN) and anti‐fibronectin aptamers in solution and on a chitosan film.MethodsA 30 kDa N‐terminal fibronectin fragment, a ssDNA anti‐fibronectin 40 nucleotide long aptamer and chitosan 95/50 (degree of deacetylation 92.6–97.5%; molecular weight 80–220 kDa) were used. First, the dynamics of the FN in aqueous solution, in the presence or absence of anti‐FN‐specific DNA aptamers, were described. Thus, the same study was carried out on 2% (w/w) chitosan‐based films, functionalized with FN alone or through aptamers as selective spacers.ResultsAmide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX‐MS) analysis identified the SYRIGDTWSKKDNRGNL and YRVGDTYERPKDSMI, YVVGETWEKPYQGWMM and WERTYLGNAL fragments as presumably involved in the interaction of FN with aptamers. MS findings indicated the improved functionality of FN on chitosan when aptamers were used as selective spacer, and this may explain why cells preferentially attached to aptamer‐bound FN rather than on chitosan‐FN films.ConclusionsAptamers did not affect the amount of adsorbed FN, but influenced its conformation enhancing its biological activity toward adhesion and growth of osteoblasts. HDX‐MS data allowed the identification of the FN/aptamer interaction regions. Differences in FN flexibility on the chitosan film in the presence or absence of the aptamer were established providing insights at the molecular level to better understand the protein biological functionality on cell proliferation.
Selective memory: Recalling relevant experience for long‐term visual localization
Authors: MacTavish Kirk , Paton Michael , Barfoot Timothy D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVisual navigation is a key enabling technology for autonomous mobile vehicles. The ability to provide large‐scale, long‐term navigation using low‐cost, low‐power vision sensors is appealing for industrial applications. A crucial requirement for long‐term navigation systems is the ability to localize in environments whose appearance is constantly changing over time—due to lighting, weather, seasons, and physical changes. This paper presents a multiexperience localization (MEL) system that uses a powerful map representation—storing every visual experience in layers—that does not make assumptions about underlying appearance modalities and generators. Our localization system provides real‐time performance by selecting online, a subset of experiences against which to localize. We achieve this task through a novel experience‐triage algorithm based on collaborative filtering, which selects experiences relevant to the live view, outperforming competing techniques. Based on classical memory‐based recommender systems, this technique also enables landmark‐level recommendations, is entirely online, and requires no training data. We demonstrate the capabilities of the MEL system in the context of long‐term autonomous path following in unstructured outdoor environments with a challenging 100‐day field experiment through day, night, snow, spring, and summer. We furthermore provide offline analysis comparing our system to several state‐of‐the‐art alternatives. We show that the combination of the novel methods presented in this paper enable full use of incredibly rich multiexperience maps, opening the door to robust long‐term visual localization.
Glycerol Micellar Catalysis: An Efficient Multicomponent‐Tandem Green Synthetic Approach to Biologically Important 2, 4‐Disubstituted Thiazole Derivatives
Authors: Tiwari Jyoti , Singh Swastika , Tufail Fatima , Jaiswal Deepali , Singh Jaya , Singh Jagdamba 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA convenient, eco‐friendly, one‐pot, multi‐component synthesis of new 2, 4‐disubstituted hydrazinyl ‐ thiazoles under mild reaction conditions has been disclosed. The use of micellar catalysis in glycerol is the key aspect of this methodology which possesses superiority compared to glycerol alone. The other significant aspect of our findings is the use of inexpensive reagents, recyclability, mild reaction conditions, bioorganic compound as solvent cum promoter, short reaction time, high yield, column chromatography free etc. The present work proposes the construction of a variety of biologically active 2, 4‐disubstituted thiazole derivatives using different carbonyl compounds, thiosemicarbazide and α‐bromocarbonyl compounds. Due to its operational simplicity, this green and unexplored protocol can be easily applied for designing novel biologically active compounds.
Synthesis and Characterization of Rod Like Nano‐sized Cobaltammine Complexes as Textile Dyeing Agents
Authors: Behal Jagriti , Kaur Varinder , Mrzygłód Jakub , Hoffmann Marcin , Janiak Agnieszka , Kaur Karanjeet , Khunt Ranjan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNew nano‐sized cobalt(III) coordination complexes, [Co(NH3)5N3](4‐np)2.H2O (1 N) and [Co(NH3)5N3](3‐np) (2 N) {np= nitrophenolate}were synthesized by using sonochemical method. These complexes were compared with their bulk materials which were produced under identical conditions in the absence of ultrasounds. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, (IR and UV‐visible) spectroscopy. Morphology and particle size of nano‐sized complexes were determined by FESEM and zeta‐sizer. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction of complex‐1 revealed that the ions [Co(NH3)5N3]2+ and (4‐np)−1 form alternate organic‐inorganic layers in the crystals that are stabilized by the O‐H…O and N‐H…O hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the coloring performance of nano‐sized cobalt(III) complexes has also been studied on silk and wool fabrics and result exposed efficient dyeing behavior.
Production of methylparaben in Escherichia coli
Authors: Hagel Jillian M , Chen Xue , Facchini Peter J 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Since the 1930s, parabens have been employed widely as preservatives in food, pharmaceutical, and personal care products. These alkyl esters of benzoic acid occur naturally in a broad range of plant species, where they are thought to enhance overall fitness through disease resistance and allelopathy. Current manufacture of parabens relies on chemical synthesis and the processing of 4-hydroxybenzoate as a precursor. A variety of bio-based production platforms have targeted 4-hydroxybenzoate for a greener alternative to chemical manufacturing, but parabens have yet to be made in microbes. Here, we deploy the plant enzyme benzoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase together with four additional recombinant enzymes to produce methylparaben in Escherichia coli. The feasibility of a tyrosine-dependent route to methylparaben is explored, establishing a framework for linking paraben production to emerging high-tyrosine E. coli strains. However, our use of a unique plant enzyme for bio-based methylparaben biosynthesis is potentially applicable to any microbial system engineered for the manufacture of 4-hydroxybenzoate.
Assessment of climate change and associated impact on selected sectors in Poland
Authors: Kundzewicz Zbigniew W. , Piniewski Mikołaj , Mezghani Abdelkader , Okruszko Tomasz , Pińskwar Iwona , Kardel Ignacy , Hov Øystein , Szcześniak Mateusz , Szwed Małgorzata , Benestad Rasmus E. , Marcinkowski Paweł , Graczyk Dariusz , Dobler Andreas , Førland Eirik J. , O’Keefe Joanna , Choryński Adam , Parding Kajsa M. , Haugen Jan Erik 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The present paper offers a brief assessment of climate change and associated impact in Poland, based on selected results of the Polish–Norwegian CHASE-PL project. Impacts are examined in selected sectors, such as water resources, natural hazard risk reduction, environment, agriculture and health. Results of change detection in long time series of observed climate and climate impact variables in Poland are presented. Also, projections of climate variability and change are provided for time horizons of 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 for two emission scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 in comparison with control period, 1971–2000. Based on climate projections, examination of future impacts on sectors is also carried out. Selected uncertainty issues relevant to observations, understanding and projections are tackled as well.
Two levels of personality: Temperament and values and their effects on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being
Authors: Bojanowska Agnieszka , Piotrowski Konrad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAccording to McAdams and Pals, American Psychologist, 61(3), 204-217 (2006), personality is not only expressed through traits but also through characteristic adaptations, including values. In the present study we analyze how two aspects of personality - temperament traits (Strelau 2008) and values (Schwartz 2007) - are related to hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Earlier studies showed that temperament is linked to hedonic well-being, but the links between values and hedonic well-being are unclear. There is only little data on how traits and values are linked to eudaimonic well-being. We hypothesised that traits predict hedonic well-being, while values predict eudaimonic well-being because the roots of eudaimonia require the realization of one’s potential that may be achieved through realization of value related goals, while hedonic well-being is more closely linked to stable differences in emotionality. 130 adults reported on their temperament, values, hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. We conducted hierarchical regressions for each well-being component. All components of hedonic well-being (positive affect, negative affect and satisfaction) were predicted by temperament only, while eudaimonic well-being was predicted by temperament and by value dimensions: positively by Openness to change, Self-transcendence, Conservation and negatively by Self-enhancement. This shows that mechanisms governing the experience of well-being are attached to at least two levels of personality - one stable and partly linked to human biology and the other to a culturally determined set of individual values. It also shows that the experience of eudaimonia relies on culturally acquired values, while hedonia may be determined more by temperamental dimensions.
Abstracts najaarsvergadering NVU, 2 november 2018, Nieuwegein
Authors: Mulders P.F.A. 
Published: November 2018

Samenvatting
Biochemisch recidiverende prostaatkanker (BCR) is de belangrijkste indicatie voor het uitvoeren van prostaatspecifiek membraan antigeen PET/CT (PSMA PET/CT). Hoewel PSMA PET/CT een sensitief diagnosticum is, blijft het lokaliseren van BCR bij lage PSA-waarden problematisch.