bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary arterial disease correlates with constitutions of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A cross-sectional study in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Xu Fei , Wu Genlong , Miao Jianlong , Liu Ruijuan , Tang Zihui , Dong Jingcheng 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the associations between constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: A large-scale, community-based, cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the associations. A total of 3,748 participants were available for analysis in this study. The assessment of the constitution of TCM was based on recommendations by the Association for Chinese Medicine in China. In this study, a diagnosis of CAD was based on self-reported medical history. The associations were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression (MLR).Results: Univariate analysis showed Phlegm–dampness, Qi-deficiency, Yang-deficiency and Yin-deficiency constitutions were significantly associated with CAD, respectively ([Formula: see text] for Phlegm–dampness, [Formula: see text] for Qi-deficiency, [Formula: see text] for Yang-deficiency and [Formula: see text] for Yin-deficiency). Furthermore, MLR demonstrated significant associations among the four constitutions and CAD, after controlling for potential confounding factors (Phlegm–dampness: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; Qi-deficient: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], Yang-Deficient: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; Yin-deficient: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). As compared with Neutral participants, participants with the four constitutions of TCM had higher prevalence of CAD.Conclusion: Our findings provided evidence that the four constitutions of TCM including Phlegm-dampness, Qi-deficiency, Yan-deficiency and Yin-deficiency were significantly associated with CAD, respectively. (This study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov with the ID: NCT02998944.)
Can we use AI for global good?
Authors: Banifatemi Amir 
Published: September 2018

The
Communications
Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

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Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM
http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm
Amir Banifatemi observes how the AI for Good Summit "allowed us to start a dialogue, find a common frame of reference, and decide how our steps would be smart and structured."
Ropivacaine Protects against Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Damage in a Rat Neurodegeneration Model
Authors: Chiu Kuan-Ming , Lin Tzu-Yu , Lee Ming-Yi , Lu Cheng-Wei , Wang Ming-Jiuh , Wang Su-Jane 
Published: September 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Ropivacaine, a long-acting amide local anesthetic agent, has been demonstrated to inhibit glutamatergic transmission. Glutamate neurotoxicity plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of brain disorders. The purpose of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of ropivacaine against brain damage induced by kainic acid (KA), an analogue of glutamate. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Rats were injected with ropivacaine (0.4 or 2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) 30 min before KA treatment (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). KA-induced memory impairment was evaluated using the Morris water maze test. Extracellular hippocampal glutamate levels were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Neuronal death was verified using Fluoro-Jade B and neutral red staining, and apoptosis was determined through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Western blotting was conducted to assay the levels of activated (cleaved) caspase-3 and the phosphorylation of different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). ­<b><i>Results:</i></b> Ropivacaine pretreatment effectively prevented KA-induced memory impairment. KA-induced elevations of ­glutamate release in rat hippocampi were inhibited by pretreatment with ropivacaine. Histopathological and TUNEL staining analyzes showed that ropivacaine inhibited KA-induced neuronal death and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA3 region. KA-induced caspase-3 activation and MAPKs phosphorylation in the hippocampus were also reduced by ropivacaine pretreatment. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study ­demonstrates that ropivacaine executes a protective action against KA-induced neuronal damage and apoptosis in vivo. Protective effects may be caused by glutamate level reduction, caspase-3 activation suppression, and MAPKs phosphorylation reduction. Our findings indicate that ropivacaine can benefit prevention or treatment of glutamate excitotoxicity-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Urban biodiversity: an insight into the terrestrial vertebrate diversity of Guwahati, India
Authors: Purkayastha Jayaditya 
Published: September 2018

This study focuses on the assessment of the terrestrial vertebrate diversity of Guwahati. Twenty-six species of amphibians, 57 species of reptiles, 214 species of birds, and 36 species of mammals were recorded during the study period. Thirty-three species were found to be threatened with extinction and another 62 species need evaluation. A single species of turtle was found to be categorized as Extinct in the Wild under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Delayed peracute capture myopathy in a Himalayan Ibex Capra sibirica (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Bovidae)
Authors: Zahid Umar Nazir , Dar Latief Mohammad , Amin Umar , Shah Showkat , Naqash Rashid Yahya , Makhdoomi Dil Mohammad , Kamil Shoaib , Suhail Intesar 
Published: September 2018

The present study focused on the capture myopathy as a fatal consequence of capture and rescue operation in an endangered Himalayan Ibex kid. The Ibex died 48 hours after being captured without showing specific clinical signs. Post-mortem examination revealed renal cortical necrosis, degeneration of tubular cells and congestion as the main histopathological findings in kidneys. Myocardial lesions consisted of multifocal degenerative changes of myofibres, hyalinization and nuclear degeneration with pyknosis. Skeletal muscles that appeared grossly normal showed mild to moderate degeneration and fragmentation with intermittent loss of striation. The pathological findings were indicative of delayed peracute capture myopathy. This is believed to be the first report of capture myopathy in an endangered Himalayan ibex from India underlining the importance of understanding the causes of mortality in such endangered wild species as a prerequisite to successful conservation programme.
Athletic Cardiac Adaptation in Males Is a Consequence of Elevated Myocyte Mass
Authors: McDiarmid Adam K. , Swoboda Peter P. , Erhayiem Bara , Lancaster Rosalind E. , Lyall Gemma K. , Broadbent David A. , Dobson Laura E. , Musa Tarique A. , Ripley David P. , Garg Pankaj , Greenwood John P. , Ferguson Carrie , Plein Sven 
Published: September 2018

Background—
Cardiac remodeling occurs in response to regular athletic training, and the degree of remodeling is associated with fitness. Understanding the myocardial structural changes in athlete’s heart is important to develop tools that differentiate athletic from cardiomyopathic change. We hypothesized that athletic left ventricular hypertrophy is a consequence of increased myocardial cellular rather than extracellular mass as measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Methods and Results—

Forty-five males (30 athletes and 15 sedentary age-matched healthy controls) underwent comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies, including native and postcontrast T1 mapping for extracellular volume calculation. In addition, the 30 athletes performed a maximal exercise test to assess aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold. Participants were grouped by athleticism: untrained, low performance, and high performance (

O
2max
<60 or>60 mL/kg per min, respectively). In athletes, indexed cellular mass was greater in high- than low-performance athletes 60.7±7.5 versus 48.6±6.3 g/m
2
;
P
<0.001), whereas extracellular mass was constant (16.3±2.2 versus 15.3±2.2 g/m
2
;
P
=0.20). Indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume and mass correlated with

O
2max
(
r
=0.45,
P
=0.01;
r
=0.55,
P
=0.002) and differed significantly by group (
P
=0.01;
P
<0.001, respectively). Extracellular volume had an inverse correlation with

O
2max
(
r
=−0.53,
P
=0.003 and left ventricular mass index (r=-0.44,
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—
Increasing left ventricular mass in athlete’s heart occurs because of an expansion of the cellular compartment while the extracellular volume becomes relatively smaller: a difference which becomes more marked as left ventricular mass increases. Athletic remodeling, both on a macroscopic and cellular level, is associated with the degree of an individual’s fitness. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance ECV quantification may have a future role in differentiating athlete’s heart from change secondary to cardiomyopathy.
Stress Perfusion Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Effectively Risk Stratifies Diabetic Patients With Suspected Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Heydari Bobak , Juan Yu-Hsiang , Liu Hui , Abbasi Siddique , Shah Ravi , Blankstein Ron , Steigner Michael , Jerosch-Herold Michael , Kwong Raymond Y. 
Published: September 2018

Background—
Diabetics remain at high risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality despite advancements in medical therapy. Noninvasive cardiac risk profiling is often more difficult in diabetics owing to the prevalence of silent ischemia with unrecognized myocardial infarction, reduced exercise capacity, nondiagnostic electrocardiographic changes, and balanced ischemia from diffuse epicardial coronary atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction.

Methods and Results—

A consecutive cohort of 173 patients with diabetes mellitus (mean age, 61.7±11.9 years; 37% women) with suspected myocardial ischemia underwent stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were evaluated for adverse cardiac events after cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with mean follow-up time of 2.9±2.5 years. Mean hemoglobin A1c for the population was 7.9±1.8%. Primary end point was a composite of cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction. Diabetics with no inducible ischemia (n=94) experienced an annualized event rate of 1.4% compared with 8.2% (
P
=0.0003) in those with inducible ischemia (n=79). Diabetics without late gadolinium enhancement or inducible ischemia had a low annual cardiac event rate (0.5% per year). The presence of inducible ischemia was the strongest unadjusted predictor (hazard ratio, 4.86;
P
<0.01) for cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction. This association remained robust in adjusted stepwise multivariable Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio, 4.28;
P
=0.02). In addition, categorical net reclassification index using 5-year risk cutoffs of 5% and 10% resulted in reclassification of 43.4% of the diabetic cohort with net reclassification index of 0.38 (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.56;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions—
Stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provided independent prognostic utility and effectively reclassified risk in patients with diabetes mellitus referred for ischemic assessment. Further evaluation is required to determine whether a noninvasive imaging strategy with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can favorably affect downstream outcomes and improve cost-effectiveness of care in diabetics.
Optical Coherence Tomography–Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sheth Tej N. , Kajander Olli A. , Lavi Shahar , Bhindi Ravinay , Cantor Warren J. , Cheema Asim N. , Stankovic Goran , Niemelä Kari , Natarajan Madhu K. , Shestakovska Olga , Tittarelli Rachel , Meeks Brandi , Jolly Sanjit S. 
Published: September 2018

Background—
Patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction are at increased risk for adverse events. It is unclear if image guidance by optical coherence tomography (OCT) can improve outcomes in these patients. We compared OCT-guided versus angiography-guided primary PCI for ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction among patients in the Thrombectomy Versus PCI Alone (TOTAL) trial.

Methods and Results—

Among 10 732 patients enrolled in the TOTAL trial, OCT was used for PCI guidance as a part of a prospective substudy in 214 patients. Using 2:1 propensity matching, we identified 428 patients in the trial who had PCI performed with angiography guidance alone. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and target-vessel revascularization at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included final in-stent angiographic minimum lumen diameter, procedure time, and contrast dose. The final in-stent angiographic minimum lumen diameter was 2.99±0.48 mm in the OCT-guided group versus 2.79±0.47 mm in the angiography-guided group (
P
<0.0001). OCT- and angiography-guided PCI had a median (interquartile range) procedure time of 58 (47, 71) minute versus 38 (28, 52) minute (
P
<0.0001) and total contrast dose of 239.7±81.1 mL versus 193.3±78.6 mL (
P
<0.0001). The primary outcome was observed in 7.5% of the OCT-guided group versus 9.8% of the angiography-guided group (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–1.34;
P
=0.34).

Conclusions—
OCT-guided primary PCI for ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction was associated with a larger final in-stent minimum lumen diameter. There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes at 1 year; however, the study was underpowered to detect a treatment effect.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01149044.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors Track From Mother to Child
Authors: Benschop Laura , Schalekamp‐Timmermans Sarah , Roeters van Lennep Jeanine E. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Steegers Eric A.P. , Ikram M. Kamran 
Published: September 2018

Background
Cardiovascular risk factors can track from mother to child by several pathways: pregnancy complications, genetic inheritance, and shared environmental risk factors after pregnancy. The degree of tracking, and to which extent this is influenced by these pathways, is unknown. We hypothesized that cardiovascular risk factors track from mother to child regardless of pregnancy complications and environmental risk factors. We determined the degree of tracking between maternal and offspring micro‐ and macrovascular cardiovascular risk factors after pregnancy and the extent to which this is influenced by pregnancy complications and shared environmental risk factors.

Methods and Results

We included 5624 mother‐offspring pairs from The Generation R Study, an ongoing prospective, population‐based birth cohort. Information on pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, small for gestational age, and preterm birth) was obtained through hospital charts. Mother‐offspring associations were assessed 6 years after pregnancy (central retinal arteriolar and venular calibers, body mass index, blood pressure, left atrial diameter, aortic root diameter, left ventricular mass, fractional shortening, and pulse wave velocity) and 9 years after pregnancy (body mass index and blood pressure). We observed that worse cardiovascular parameters in mothers were associated with worse cardiovascular parameters in their offspring 6 and 9 years after pregnancy (
P
<0.001). Results were similar when mother‐offspring pairs with a previous pregnancy complication were excluded.

Conclusions
Six and 9 years after pregnancy, an adverse cardiovascular profile in mothers is strongly associated with an adverse cardiovascular profile in their offspring. Results were not attenuated by environmental exposures or a previous pregnancy complication. This supports the hypothesis that cardiovascular risk factors (micro‐ and macrovascular) track from mother to child, regardless of the course of pregnancy.
Entre Watt et Derrida
Authors: Martell James 
Published: September 2018

Résumé
La première partie de cet essai examine le tableau du cercle et du centre dans Watt, et ses résonances dans l’ œuvre beckettienne, en montrant qu’ il est un exemple particulier de ce qu’ on peut nommer la “pensée plastique” chez Beckett. La deuxième partie analyse ce tableau avec son cercle et son centre à côté d’ un tableau similaire dans L’ écriture et la différence de Jacques Derrida, pour montrer que cette “pensée plastique” est un événement commun à un certain modernisme, et à la déconstruction derridienne.
Gertrude Stein, Samuel Beckett and the Aesthetics of Inattention
Authors: Powell Josh 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Drawing on the ideas of Jonathan Crary, this article positions Gertrude Stein and Beckett as part of a wider investigation of inattention in twentieth-century culture. Considering first the psychological experiments of Stein, and then Beckett’s theatre of the 1970s, the article argues for the importance to literary modernism of language that is not perceived, or only dimly perceived, and exists on the fringes and peripheries of a perceptual field.
Samuel Beckett and the Nobel Catastrophe
Authors: Simpson Hannah 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Suzanne Beckett’s shocked response to the news of her husband’s Nobel Prize has gone down in history: it was, she declared, “a catastrophe.” This paper follows Suzanne’s lead and reads Beckett’s 1982 play Catastrophe as Beckett’s reaction to his receipt of the Nobel Prize. Catastrophe is not only Beckett’s meditation on his painful experience of media exposure and institutional manipulation; it is also his caustic response to the Swedish Academy labelling him an “idealistic” writer of “compassion” and “inner purification.”
Shared Watercourses and Water Security in South Asia: Challenges of Negotiating and Enforcing Treaties
Authors: Salman Salman M. A. , Uprety Kishor 
Published: September 2018

AbstractShared water resources have influenced South Asia’s geography and history, as well as riparians’ responses to the challenges of utilizing, managing, and protecting such resources. Because of scarcity, population growth, and climate change impacts on all the riparians, national calls for water security have become louder. Consequently, collaboration among the nations of South Asia for ensuring equitable sharing of such water resources has not been optimal. While most countries do not have reliable systems for data generation, those possessing some hydrological data consider them state secrets, restricting their exchange. Even when treaty obligations exist, data-sharing practices are ad hoc, and the range of information shared is limited. Thus, negotiating new transboundary water treaties amongst South Asia’s riparian countries has become a daunting task, and enforcing existing ones remains a real challenge.
CHAT: The Colorado Hail Accumulation from Thunderstorms Project
Authors: Friedrich Katja , Wallace Robinson , Meier Bernard , Rydell Nezette , Deierling Wiebke , Kalina Evan , Motta Brian , Schlatter Paul , Schlatter Thomas , Doesken Nolan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn recent years, hail accumulations from thunderstorms have occurred frequently enough to catch the attention of the National Weather Service, the general public, and news agencies. Despite the extreme nature of these thunderstorms, no mechanism is currently in place to obtain adequate reports, measurements, or forecasts of accumulated hail depth. To better identify and forecast hail accumulations, the Colorado Hail Accumulation from Thunderstorms (CHAT) project was initiated in 2016 with the goals of collecting improved and more frequent hail depth reports on the ground as well as studying characteristics of storms that produce hail accumulations in Colorado. A desired outcome of this research is to identify predictors for hail-producing thunderstorms typically occurring along the Colorado Front Range that might be used as operational nowcast products in the future. During the 2016 convective season, we asked amateur meteorologists to send general information, photos, and videos on hail depth using social media. They submitted over 58 reports in Colorado with information on location, time, depth, and areal coverage of hail accumulations. We have analyzed dual-polarization radar and lightning mapping array data from 32 thunderstorms in Colorado, which produced between 0.5 and 50 cm of hail accumulation on the ground, to identify characteristics unique to storms with hail accumulations. This preliminary analysis shows how enhanced in-cloud hail presence and surface accumulation can be tracked throughout the lifetime of a thunderstorm using dual-polarization radar and lightning data, and how hail accumulation events are associated with large in-cloud ice water content, long hailfall duration, or a combination of these.
Pain management strategies among persons with long-term shoulder pain after stroke – a qualitative study
Authors: Lindgren Ingrid , Brogårdh Christina , Gard Gunvor 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To explore strategies that persons with persistent shoulder pain after stroke use to manage their pain in daily life. Design: A qualitative study using semi-structured face-to-face interviews, analysed by content analysis. Setting: A university hospital. Subjects: Thirteen community-dwelling persons (six women; median age: 65 years; range 57–77) with shoulder pain after stroke were interviewed median two years after the pain onset. Results: An overall theme ‘Managing shoulder pain by adopting various practical and cognitive strategies’ emerged from the analysis. Three categories were identified: (1) practical modifications to solve daily life problems; (2) changed movement patterns and specific actions to mitigate the pain, by non-painful movements, avoidance of pain-provoking activities and various pain distracting activities and (3) learned how to deal with the pain mentally. Several strategies were used simultaneously and they were experienced successful to various degrees. Conclusion: The findings in the present study indicate that persons with persistent shoulder pain after stroke use both practical and cognitive strategies to manage their pain.
Differential α2A- and α2C-adrenoceptor protein expression in presynaptic and postsynaptic density fractions of postmortem human prefrontal cortex
Authors: Erdozain Amaia M , Brocos-Mosquera Iria , Gabilondo Ane M , Meana J Javier , Callado Luis F 
Published: September 2018

Background: Three different α2-adrenoceptor (α2-AR) subtypes have been described. The α2A-AR and α2C-AR subtypes are highly expressed in the human prefrontal cortex, where they modulate neurotransmission. However, due to the lack of subtype-selective ligands, the physiological relevance of both subtypes has not been fully resolved. Aims: In this context, the aim of the present study was to characterize the protein expression of both α2-AR subtypes, in different synaptic fractions of postmortem human prefrontal cortex. Methods: A subcellular fractionation of the samples was performed and the protein expression of α2A- and α2C-ARs was measured in presynaptic membranes and postsynaptic density fractions by Western blot. Results: The results revealed that the α2A-AR subtype is mainly located postsynaptically (95±3%) whereas the remaining 5±3% is in the presynapse. Conversely, the α2C-AR subtype showed a similar distribution between pre- and postsynaptic membranes, with a slightly higher percentage present in the presynapse (60±2% vs. 40±2%). Conclusions: These findings could explain some contradictory effects reported for α2-AR agonists and antagonists in the human prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, the present data could contribute to elucidating the therapeutic potential of selectively targeting α2A- or α2C-AR subtypes.