bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A linearised model for calculating inertial forces on a particle in the presence of a permeate flow
Authors: Garcia Mike , Ganapathysubramanian B. , Pennathur S. 
Published: December 2018

Understanding particle transport and localisation in porous channels, especially at moderate Reynolds numbers, is relevant for many applications ranging from water reclamation to biological studies. Recently, researchers experimentally demonstrated that the interplay between axial and permeate flow in a porous microchannel results in a wide range of focusing positions of finite-sized particles (Garcia & Pennathur, Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 2 (4), 2017, 042201). We numerically explore this interplay by computing the lateral forces on a neutrally buoyant spherical particle that is subject to both inertial and permeate forces over a range of experimentally relevant particle sizes and channel Reynolds numbers. Interestingly, we show that the lateral forces on the particle are well represented using a linearised model across a range of permeate-to-axial flow rate ratios. Specifically, our model linearises the effects of the permeate flow, which suggests that the interplay between axial and permeate flow on the lateral force on a particle can be represented as a superposition between the lateral (inertial) forces in pure axial flow and the viscous forces in pure permeate flow. We experimentally validate this observation for a range of flow conditions. The linearised behaviour observed significantly reduces the complexity and time required to predict the migration of inertial particles in permeate channels.
Deconstructing organizational resilience: A multiple-case study
Authors: Yılmaz Börekçi Dilek , Rofcanin Yasin , Heras Mireia L. , Berber Aykut 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study extends previous research on organizational resilience by focusing on its relational resilience dimension and integrating with its operational resilience dimension. Our main goal is to understand relational resilience construct and complement it with operational resilience construct to have a complete and balanced picture of organizational resilience. We analyze complementary contributions of relational and operational resilience on organizational resilience in survival and sustainability dimensions. A multiple-case study has been conducted on two manufacturing and two service organizations. This study has conceptualized relational resilience beyond its survival dimension and extended it in sustainability dimension. This understanding enables congruence with the recent conceptualization of organizational and operational resilience in survival and sustainability aspects.
Lonely But Not Alone: Neuroticism Mediates the Relationship Between Social Network Size and Loneliness in Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Rigon Arianna , Duff Melissa C. , Beadle Janelle 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectives:Although individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often report higher levels of social isolation, little is known about the factors influencing their self-perception of loneliness. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between loneliness, social network size, and personality variables (neuroticism and extraversion) after TBI, and in particular whether specific personality variables mediate the relationship between social network size and perception of loneliness.Methods:Here, we assessed self-reported loneliness, personality variables, and social network size of 24 individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI and 41 healthy comparison participants. We then carried out a mediation analysis to examine whether personality variables mediated the relationship between loneliness and social network size.Results:Our results indicate that individuals with TBI reported higher levels of loneliness and neuroticism, but there was no group difference in social network size or extraversion. The mediation analysis revealed that the association between social network size and loneliness was mediated by neuroticism, but not by extraversion.Conclusions:Our findings show that neuroticism is an intervening variable in the relationship between social network size and self-perception of loneliness in individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI, and presents a new possible target for clinicians and rehabilitators seeking to address reports of loneliness and social isolation in TBI. (JINS2019,25, 266–274)
The Relationships Between Dissolved Zinc and Major Nutrients Phosphate and Silicate Along the GEOTRACES GA02 Transect in the West Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Middag R. , de Baar H. J. W. , Bruland K. W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDissolved zinc (Zn) has a nutrient‐type distribution in the ocean that more closely resembles the distribution of silicate (Si) than phosphate (PO4). However, Zn is a trace‐nutrient and mostly present in the organic fraction of phytoplankton rather than the siliceous frustule. It has been suggested the coupling of Zn and Si is caused by the strong depletion of nutrients in the Southern Ocean, possibly combined with scavenging of Zn. Here we assess the distribution of Zn and nutrients along the conduit of southward traveling waters of northern origin and northward traveling waters of Antarctic origin to unravel the influence of various water masses and local biogeochemical processes in the Atlantic Ocean. The distribution of Zn and Si is governed by mixing such that influence of remineralization is barely distinguishable, whereas the distribution of PO4 is influenced by both processes. The subsurface water masses that supply nutrients to the surface ocean are depleted in Zn. Indeed, the Southern Ocean water masses play a driving role, but remarkably, also subsurface water masses from northern high‐latitude origin are depleted in Zn. Both northern and southern high‐latitude waters have a relatively high Zn:PO4 uptake and remineralization ratio, implying it is Zn availability and not only chronic iron limitation that leads to increased Zn uptake in the high‐latitude regions. The limited supply of Zn to the surface Atlantic Ocean can explain the lack of an Atlantic Zn remineralization signal and indicates Zn might play a role in phytoplankton community composition and productivity.
Total Pressure Dependence of Sulfur Mass‐Independent Fractionation by SO2Photolysis
Authors: Endo Yoshiaki , Danielache Sebastian O. , Ueno Yuichiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSulfur Mass‐Independent Fractionation (S‐MIF) may provide a clue to understanding Earth's early atmosphere. We examined total pressure dependence of the S‐MIF produced by SO2photolysis. Isotopic self‐shielding is known to produce S‐MIF, which could be changed by both the partial pressure of SO2(pSO2) and by the total pressure (pTotal). Our experimental results show that both Δ33S and Δ36S values are constant when total pressure is below 10 kPa at constantpSO2, whereas they decrease as total pressure increases. The result suggests that pressure broadening of the SO2absorption line is responsible for the S‐MIF. The modeled high‐resolution isotopologue cross sections can reproduce our experimental results and its changes depending on bothpSO2andpTotal. Consequently, we conclude that the Archean Δ33S and Δ36S correlation can only be achieved when the total pressure of the Archean atmosphere was below 100 kPa, or it was produced in the upper atmosphere.
Al/Fe Mineral Controls on Soil Organic Carbon Stock Across Tibetan Alpine Grasslands
Authors: Fang Kai , Qin Shuqi , Chen Leiyi , Zhang Qiwen , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAdequate understanding of the controlling factors of soil carbon (C) stock is crucial for improving the predictability of Earth System Models in exploring terrestrial C‐climate feedback. Current studies, however, mainly focus on climatic and edaphic variables and rarely explore the effects of mineral protection in regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) stock over broad geographic scale. Particularly, the relative importance of mineral protection compared with other factors is unclear. Based on large‐scale soil inventory, here we filled this knowledge gap by exploring the effects of Al/Fe‐(hydr) oxides on SOC and three C fractions across Tibetan alpine grasslands via linear regression, partial correlation, and variance partitioning analyses, and also by comparing the degree of mineral protection in alpine grasslands with other ecosystems. Our results showed that SOC and C fractions across Tibetan alpine grasslands were regulated by Al/Fe‐(hydr) oxides, with the incorporation of mineral variables increasing the explained variations by 10.1% for SOC content, 13.4% for coarse particulate organic matter, 12.6% for microaggregate associated C, and 21.9% for silt and clay associated C. Moreover, the contribution of mineral effects exceeded that of climatic and edaphic factors, particularly in the silt and clay associated C fraction. In addition, about 15.8 ± 12.0% of SOC pools were associated with Fe, which was equal to or higher than those in temperate and tropical‐subtropical ecosystems. Taken together, these results demonstrate the significant role of Al/Fe minerals in the stabilization of SOC across Tibetan alpine grasslands, highlighting the importance of incorporating C‐mineral interactions into ESMs for better understanding the terrestrial C‐climate feedback.
Formation Conditions for Nanoparticles in a Fault Zone and Their Role in Fault Sliding
Authors: Cai Zhou‐rong , Lu Li‐juan , Huang Qiang‐tai , Li Jian‐feng , Zhong Li‐feng , Xiang Jun‐yang , Xia Bin , Liu Hai‐ling 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecent high‐velocity rotary shear experiments results show that spherical nanoparticles can reduce fault friction dramatically during seismic slip. But questions like what are the roles of the nanoparticles in the whole slip are largely open problems. In this study, two types of nanoparticles were found in the Red River fault zone, including agglomerated nanoparticles in the ductile shear zone and spherical nanoparticles adjacent to the brittle faults. To ascertain the formation of these nanoparticles and explore the role of nanoparticles, the experiments under high temperature and pressure were conducted. The results of the experiments and of the previous studies suggest that the spherical nanoparticles can produce at the low temperature, which may lubricate the fault and significantly reduce the dynamic coefficient of friction. With the rise in temperature, the spherical nanoparticles are elongated or deformed to the agglomerated nanoparticles, which may no longer lubricate the fault, and lead the fault slip to slow down until it stops. Accordingly, this paper summarizes the role of these nanoparticles throughout the whole process of fault sliding.
The 3D Geophysical Investigation of a Middle Cretaceous to Paleocene Regional Décollement in the Cordillera of Northern Canada and Alaska
Authors: Hayward Nathan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA new approach to the 3D inversion and interpretation of gravity data is applied to the crustal architecture of the northern Cordillera of Canada and Alaska. The technique models the distribution and depth extent of rocks with systematic density contrasts, such as sedimentary or intrusive rocks. In the northern Cordillera, the geometry of low‐density zones, primarily associated with middle to Late Cretaceous granitic intrusions, and Neoproterozoic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, is defined. Variation in the depth extent of these zones delimits a surface, interpreted herein as a regional décollement syntectonic with, or postdating, middle Cretaceous intrusions, but predating and displaced ~430 km by the Eocene‐aged Tintina fault. The décollement trends N35°E and shallows from a depth of ~15–20 km beneath Selwyn basin to ~11 km beneath the Mackenzie Mountains. Here surface faults echo the décollement geometry, linked to fold and thrust belt development between the middle Cretaceous and Paleocene. The décollement continues southward for an unknown distance into northern British Columbia, but the Liard line represents a structural discontinuity between the fold and thrust belts of the Mackenzie Mountains and northern Rocky Mountains. The décollement's northwestern extent is broadly defined by surface faults in the northern Ogilvie Mountains. However, prior to Tintina fault displacement, the décollement was likely connected to a fold and thrust belt and related décollement in east‐central Alaska. Estimates of post‐middle Cretaceous exhumation suggest regional tectonic modification of the décollement, possibly including the presently active detachment inferred for the weak lower crust.
CD36 plays a critical role in proliferation, migration and tamoxifen-inhibited growth of ER-positive breast cancer cells
Authors: Liang Yu , Han Hao , Liu Lipei , Duan Yajun , Yang Xiaoxiao , Ma Chuanrui , Zhu Yan , Han Jihong , Li Xiaoju , Chen Yuanli 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTamoxifen inhibits estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer growth while CD36 potentiates cancer metastasis. The effects of CD36 on proliferation/migration of breast cancer cells and tamoxifen-inhibited ER-positive cell growth are unknown. In this study, we correlated the mortality of breast cancer patients to tumor CD36 expression levels. We also found CD36 was higher in ER-rich (MCF-7>T-47D~ZR-75-30) than ER-negative (MDA-MB-231) cells. CD36 siRNA decreased viability and migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with more potent effects on MCF-7 cells. Inversely, high expressing CD36 enhanced cell growth/migration. Mechanistically, CD36 increased expression of genes responsible for cell proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis. CD36 also activated ERα and ER-targeted genes for cell cycles, and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Tamoxifen inhibited CD36 and p-ERK1/2 in ERα-positive but not ERα-negative cells. Reciprocally, inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth by tamoxifen was attenuated by high expressing CD36. CD36, ERα and p-ERK1/2 expression was higher in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/TAMR) cells than normal MCF-7 cells. However, CD36 siRNA restored the capacity of tamoxifen inhibiting MCF-7/TAMR cell growth. CD36 antibody inhibited cell growth and expression of ERα, p-ERK1/2 and CCND1. Therefore, our study unveils a pro-tumorigenic role of CD36 in breast cancer by enhancing proliferation/migration of breast cancer cells while attenuating tamoxifen-inhibited ER-positive cell growth.
Whole exome sequencing for the identification of CYP3A7 variants associated with tacrolimus concentrations in kidney transplant patients
Authors: Sohn Minji , Kim Myeong Gyu , Han Nayoung , Kim In-Wha , Gim Jungsoo , Min Sang-Il , Song Eun Young , Kim Yon Su , Jung Hun Soon , Shin Young Kee , Ha Jongwon , Oh Jung Mi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify genotypes associated with dose-adjusted tacrolimus trough concentrations (C0/D) in kidney transplant recipients using whole-exome sequencing (WES). This study included 147 patients administered tacrolimus, including seventy-five patients in the discovery set and seventy-two patients in the replication set. The patient genomes in the discovery set were sequenced using WES. Also, known tacrolimus pharmacokinetics-related intron variants were genotyped. Tacrolimus C0/D was log-transformed. Sixteen variants were identified including novel CYP3A7 rs12360 and rs10211 by ANOVA. CYP3A7 rs2257401 was found to be the most significant variant among the periods by ANOVA. Seven variants including CYP3A7 rs2257401, rs12360, and rs10211 were analyzed by SNaPshot in the replication set and the effects on tacrolimus C0/D were verified. A linear mixed model (LMM) was further performed to account for the effects of the variants and clinical factors. The combined set LMM showed that only CYP3A7 rs2257401 was associated with tacrolimus C0/D after adjusting for patient age, albumin, and creatinine. The CYP3A7 rs2257401 genotype variant showed a significant difference on the tacrolimus C0/D in those expressing CYP3A5, showing its own effect. The results suggest that CYP3A7 rs2257401 may serve as a significant genetic marker for tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in kidney transplantation.
Differences in collembola species assemblages (Arthropoda) between spoil tips and surrounding environments are dependent on vegetation development
Authors: Vanhée Benoit , Devigne Cédric 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSpoil tip production is one of the most extreme means of soil destruction, replacing the native soil with a coarse substrate. In this paper, we aim to determine the colonization of soil biota in new substrates, using collembola assemblages as an indicator. In Northern France, we sampled collembola communities in 11 coal mine spoil tips and their surroundings divided in four stages of vegetation development: bare soil, meadow, shrub and tree covers. We demonstrated that collembola assemblages of spoil tips were different from those observed in the surrounding native soil. Collembola communities on bare soil were characterized by pioneer (based on theIndvalindex) or exotic species (new in Northern France). However, homogenization occurred with development of vegetation cover. Indeed, our data showed no difference in springtail diversity between spoil tips and their corresponding environments regarding the tree vegetation cover. Using theIndvalmethod, we defined pioneer, colonizing, opportunist or stenoecious species as a function of substrate affinities. Using the same method, we defined specialists, elective, preferring or indifferent species as a function of vegetation cover affinities, showing similarities with previously published surveys. Hence, our results were obtained by a focused analysis of species and their particularity. Finally, we discussed the interest in and the complementarity between the species analysis approach and the methodology dealing with functional traits and of its importance in the decision process of restoration and/or conservation of nature.
Telomere maintenance during anterior regeneration and aging in the freshwater annelid Aeolosoma viride
Authors: Chen Chi-Fan , Sung Tzu-Ling , Chen Liuh-Yow , Chen Jiun-Hong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAging is a complex process involving declines in various cellular and physical functionalities, including regenerative ability. Telomere maintenance is thought to be necessary for regeneration, and telomere attrition is one mechanism that contributes to aging. However, it is unclear if aging affects regeneration owing to deterioration of telomeric maintenance. We introduceAeolosoma viride—a freshwater annelid with strong regenerative abilities—as a new model for studying the effects of aging on telomere functions and regeneration. We show that the anterior regenerative ability ofA. viridedeclines with age. We characterized theA. viridetelomere sequence as being composed of TTAGGG repeats and identifyied the telomerase geneAvi-tert. In adultA. viride, telomerase was constantly active and telomere lengths were similar among different body sections and stably maintained with age. Notably, we found that regeneration did not result in telomere shortening at regenerating sites. Moreover, transient up-regulation ofAvi-tertexpression and telomerase activity was observed at regenerating sites, which might promote telomere lengthening to counteract telomere erosion resulting from cell proliferation. Our study suggests that although aging affectsA. virideregeneration independent of steady-state telomere length, timely regulation of telomerase functions is critical for the regeneration process inA. viride.
Time‐sharing control of multi‐inverter‐module parallel system for frequency multiplication
Authors: Zhang Yanxiao , Li Shouzhi , Cao Xiaoge , Xu Wei 
Published: December 2018

In order to fulfil the requirements in high‐frequency and high‐power applications, this paper presents a novel frequency multiplication method, in which N single‐phase voltage‐type inverter circuits are combined in parallel, being time‐sharing controlled in rotation, and the output is through a transformer. The output frequency from the secondary side of the transformer will be increased to N times switching frequency. Using lower‐frequency power switching devices for frequency multiplication, this scheme has several advantages. It overcome the limitation of dead‐zone time of each inverter, possesses soft switching ability thus reducing the loss in switch tubes, and can be implemented at lower cost. This frequency multiplication method is analysed and simulated on a five‐inverter‐module system under ten different working conditions, with the associated parameters calculated. A five‐module 800 kHz/20 kW prototype has been designed and the test results have shown the validity of the proposed method.
Transition from spot to faculae domination
Authors: Reinhold Timo , Bell Keaton J. , Kuszlewicz James , Hekker Saskia , Shapiro Alexander I. 
Published: December 2018

Context. The study of stellar activity cycles is crucial to understand the underlying dynamo and how it causes magnetic activity signatures such as dark spots and bright faculae. Having knowledge about the dominant source of surface activity might allow us to draw conclusions about the stellar age and magnetic field topology, and to put the solar cycle in context.
Aims. We investigate the underlying process that causes magnetic activity by studying the appearance of activity signatures in contemporaneous photometric and chromospheric time series.
Methods. Lomb-Scargle periodograms are used to search for cycle periods present in the photometric and chromospheric time series. To emphasize the signature of the activity cycle we account for rotation-induced scatter in both data sets by fitting a quasi-periodic Gaussian process model to each observing season. After subtracting the rotational variability, cycle amplitudes and the phase difference between the two time series are obtained by fitting both time series simultaneously using the same cycle period.
Results. We find cycle periods in 27 of the 30 stars in our sample. The phase difference between the two time series reveals that the variability in fast-rotating active stars is usually in anti-phase, while the variability of slowly rotating inactive stars is in phase. The photometric cycle amplitudes are on average six times larger for the active stars. The phase and amplitude information demonstrates that active stars are dominated by dark spots, whereas less-active stars are dominated by bright faculae. We find the transition from spot to faculae domination to be at the Vaughan–Preston gap, and around a Rossby number equal to one.
Conclusions. We conclude that faculae are the dominant ingredient of stellar activity cycles at ages ≳2.55 Gyr. The data further suggest that the Vaughan–Preston gap cannot explain the previously detected dearth of Kepler rotation periods between 15 and 25 days. Nevertheless, our results led us to propose an explanation for the lack of rotation periods to be due to the non-detection of periodicity caused by the cancelation of dark spots and bright faculae at ∼800 Myr.