bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equal Treatment of Third-Country Nationals in the European Union: Why Not?
Authors: McCormack-George Dáire 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper outlines an argument for the equal treatment of third-country nationals in the EU. The argument is in two parts. It argues, doctrinally, that the reasons in favour of treating third-country nationals equally are weighty. Second, it suggests that, politically, conceptually and sociologically, third-country nationals should generally be entitled to equal treatment, a guarantee which may be subject to specific exceptions. The reasons for such exceptions should be clearly stipulated by public authorities. The approach which emerges from this position should lead to a more coherent concept of equality emerging in EU law, something which should be amenable to European egalitarians.
A Loosely Knit Network: Philosophy of History After Hayden White
Authors: Paul Herman 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Does the death of Hayden White mark the end of an era in philosophy of history? Although White’s personal presence is sorely missed, White’s work is unlikely soon to lose its prominent position in philosophy of history. This is because no other author occupies a position in the field that is remotely as central as White’s. His oeuvre serves as a shared reference point for scholars working on issues ranging from explanation and representation to deconstruction and presence. From whatever school or persuasion they are, philosophers of history relate to White’s work, either by building upon it or by dissociating themselves from it. In explaining this unique position of White’s work, this essay reflects as much on the field called philosophy of history as on White’s interventions in it. It argues that philosophy of history is not a discipline in a recognizable sense of the word, but a loosely knit network of scholars working on different “questions about history.” Only when this network status of the field is taken into account, it becomes possible to see why White’s work has such a central place in current philosophy of history.
‘The age of shouting had arrived’
Authors: Roscoe Jonathan 
Published: March 2019

When George Orwell’s advertising copywriting anti-hero, Gordon Comstock, declared in the 1936 novel Keep the Aspidistra Flying, ‘advertising is the rattling of a stick inside a swill-bucket’ (Victor Gollancz, London, p. 55), he was expressing something deep in the British psyche, that of the dichotomy between the creation of art and the pursuit of revenue. Nowhere is this seen more keenly than in publishing during the period. It is also significant that the third of Orwell’s novels was, like the previous ones, published by Victor Gollancz, because, despite the widespread view that in publishing it was a time of inertia, of maintaining the status quo, it is, of course, not as simple as that. Despite a lack of innovation in the industry the 1930s, reading numbers increased, more books were sold than ever before, the industry commercialized to an extent unseen in previous decades, and three of publishing’s most innovative men came to prominence. This paper seeks to explain how this came about—how an inherently conservative industry, with its prices and profit margins stabilized and protected by the Net Book Agreement, became radicalized in a way not seen before. I will contest that it is that very conservatism that made innovation both necessary and inevitable; that the growth in readership and disposable income during the period made it necessary to commercialize the publishing industry if it was to grow and prosper; and that business in general was waking up to the possibilities offered by marketing, and so publishing needed to harness the power of marketing if it was not to fall behind the business curve. Marketing can sometimes be about art or politics, but it is always about business. Where does that leave a personally wealthy, philanthropically inclined, but commercially minded publisher such as Gollancz? His enthusiastic take-up of the new marketing tools and processes that had come to prominence in the 1920s started with his time at Ernest Benn, accelerated with the founding of his new publishing company in 1928, and went into overdrive in 1936 when the Left Book Club was founded. It is true to say that Gollancz’s success was founded on three pillars: an unshakeable faith in his own abilities, an uncanny knack of selecting the ‘right’ titles commercially, and a thorough embracing of all that marketing and publicity had to offer, with little thought as to how that might appear to others as long as it was working for him. He was fortunate to have supporting him another great iconoclast of the time—the typographer Stanley Morison. This paper is as much about the Gollancz–Morison double act as it is about Gollancz individually, even if there can be no doubt as to the true driving force behind the changes.
Négociations et négoce : la politique commerciale française en Russie au début du XVIIe siècle. Nouveaux éclairages sur la mission de Louis Deshayes de Courmenin à Moscou (1629)
Authors: Pelus-Kaplan Marie-Louise 
Published: March 2019

Résumé
Richelieu envoie, en 1629, Louis Deshayes de Courmenin à Moscou afin de signer un traité pour la reprise du commerce français en Russie. Après Hauser (1944) et Zordanija (1960), nous tentons d’éclairer cette mission à l’aide de textes inédits. Un extrait du journal de voyage de Brisacier et d’autres documents montrent que les Français recherchent surtout les produits russes (fourrures et autres peaux, fournitures de marine, céréales). Bien que le tsar leur refuse le droit d’aller en Perse pour acheter la soie brute via la Russie, la mission de Deshayes est néanmoins un succès, économique et aussi politique.
World Visions in Swahili Literature
Authors: Garnier Xavier 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Probably because of its relationship with a coastal culture, Swahili literature seems very aware of its position in the world. Through a reading of Swahili poems and novels across a range of genres, this paper explores the ways in which Swahili writers have engaged in a dialogue with the whole world, from the colonial period to the contemporary era. The evolution of well-identified literary forms such as epic poetry, ethnographic novel or crime novel will also pave the way for identifying the specificities of a Swahili cosmopolitanism anxious to cultivate an art of living in the age of a kind of globalization whose effects are often harshly felt at the local level. Because it has long developed an awareness of the world, Swahili literature has often pioneered the invention of literary forms that are able to translate locally the movements of the world.
How Northern High-Latitude Volcanic Eruptions in Different Seasons Affect ENSO
Authors: Sun Weiyi , Wang Bin , Liu Jian , Chen Deliang , Gao Chaochao , Ning Liang , Chen Lin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe impact of northern high-latitude volcanic (NHV) eruptions on El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated based on ensemble simulations with the Community Earth System Model. The seasonality of the atmospheric circulation influences the NHV aerosol dispersion, causing stronger (weaker) Northern Hemisphere cooling after the January and April (July and October) eruptions. ENSO’s response is found to be more dependent on NHV eruption seasons than that on tropical eruption seasons. The January eruption causes an El Niño in an eruption year [year (0) hereafter] while an El Niño occurs in year (1) after the October eruption. No significant El Niño occurs after the April (July) eruption. A diagnostic analysis reveals that these El Niños’ developments are attributed to the positive zonal, meridional advective, and thermocline feedbacks, triggered by the western Pacific westerly anomalies. The anomalous North Pacific cyclone (NPC) and Asian monsoon are key systems to excite anomalous westerlies, which are caused by the NHV-induced midlatitude cooling and Eurasian continent–North Pacific thermal contrast. After the January eruption, the anomalous NPC develops in early summer and connects with a weakened Asian summer monsoon, which excites anomalous westerlies over the Indo-western Pacific, activating the Bjerknes feedback. For the October eruption, the anomalous NPC and enhanced East Asian winter monsoon bring cold air to the Maritime Continent and warm the subtropical central North Pacific through surface heat flux exchange, exciting the westerly anomalies. These results suggest that the strong dependence on the seasonal timing of NHV should be a critical element of data–model comparisons.
LSVT BIG in late stroke rehabilitation: A single-case experimental design study
Authors: Metcalfe Valerie , Egan Mary , Sauvé-Schenk Katrine 
Published: March 2019

Background. Late stroke rehabilitation interventions often target impairment with limited carryover to daily occupation. Purpose. This study explored whether the LSVT BIG program could lead to improved performance in client-identified occupations and decreased impairment late poststroke. Method. A single-case experimental design with one repetition was completed. Participants were two adults who had experienced a stroke 3 and 12 years previously. Each participant selected up to six occupational goals, and the intervention was applied to half. Repeated measures were taken using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Rating of Everyday Arm-Use in the Community and Home. Additional measures of performance and impairment were applied pre- and postintervention. Findings. Performance improved on either self-assessment or blinded-rater assessment for all but one activity (trained or untrained). Implications. LSVT BIG is a promising intervention to improve occupational performance. Further research is required to clarify elements of the program essential to improving occupational performance.
Does insomnia modify the association between C-reactive protein and migraine? The Tromsø Study 2015–2016
Authors: Hagen Knut , Hopstock Laila A , Elise Eggen Anne , Mathiesen Ellisiv B , Nilsen Kristian Bernhard 
Published: March 2019

Background The relationship between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and migraine is unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional population-based study was to investigate the association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and types of headache, and to evaluate the impact of insomnia on this association. Methods A total of 20,486 (63%) out of 32,591 invited, aged ≥40 years or older, participated in the seventh wave of the Tromsø study conducted in 2015–2016 and had valid information on headache, insomnia and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. The influence of insomnia on the association between questionnaire-based diagnoses of headache and elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein defined as >3.0 mg/L was assessed using multiple logistic regression, estimating prevalence odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 6290 participants (30.7%) suffered from headache during the last year. Among these, 1736 (8.5%) fulfilled the criteria of migraine, 991 (4.8%) had migraine with aura, 746 (3.6%) migraine without aura (3.8%), and 4554 (22.2%) had non-migrainous headache. In the final multi-adjusted analysis, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein was associated with headache (odds ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.20), migraine (odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.35), and migraine with aura (odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.53). No association was found between elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein and migraine without aura or non-migrainous headache. The association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and migraine was strongly dependent on insomnia status. Among individuals with insomnia, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein was associated with migraine (odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.02–2.17), and migraine with aura (odds ratio 1.59, 95% confidence interval 1.03–2.45), whereas no such relationship was found among those without insomnia. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study, participants with migraine, in particular migraine with aura, were more likely to have elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein, evident only among those with insomnia.
The Role of Anterior Capsular Laxity in Hip Microinstability: A Novel Biomechanical Model
Authors: Johannsen Adam M. , Behn Anthony W. , Shibata Kotaro , Ejnisman Leandro , Thio Timothy , Safran Marc R. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Hip microinstability is an increasingly recognized source of hip pain and disability. Although the clinical entity has been well described, the pathomechanics of this disease remain poorly understood. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of capsular laxity in atraumatic hip microinstability. Our hypothesis was that cyclic stretching of the anterior hip capsule would result in increased hip range of motion and femoral head displacement. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: In this study, 7 hip specimens met inclusion criteria (age, 18-46 years). Specimens were stripped of all soft tissue, aligned, cut, and potted by use of a custom jig. A materials testing system was used to cyclically stretch the anterior hip capsule in extension and external rotation while rotating about the mechanical axis of the hip. A motion tracking system was used to record hip rotation and displacement of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum in the anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and superior-inferior directions. Testing was conducted at baseline, after venting, and after capsular stretching. Results: With the hip in anatomic neutral alignment, cyclic stretching of the anterior hip capsule resulted in increased hip rotation ( P < .001). Femoral head displacement significantly increased relative to the vented state in the medial-lateral ( P < .001), anterior-posterior ( P = .013), and superior-inferior ( P = .036) planes after cyclic stretching of the anterior hip capsule. Conclusion: The anterior hip capsule plays an important role in controlling hip rotation and femoral head displacement. This study is the first to display significant increases in femoral head displacement through a controlled cyclic stretching protocol of the anterior hip capsule. Clinical Relevance: This study is directly applicable to the treatment of atraumatic hip microinstability. The results quantitatively define the relative importance of the hip capsule in controlling femoral head motion. This allows for a better understanding of the pathophysiological process of hip microinstability and serves as a platform to develop effective surgical techniques for treatment of this disease.
Return to Sport as an Outcome Measure for Shoulder Instability: Surprising Findings in Nonoperative Management in a High School Athlete Population
Authors: Shanley Ellen , Thigpen Charles , Brooks John , Hawkins Richard J. , Momaya Amit , Kwapisz Adam , Kissenberth Michael J. , Tokish John M. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Young age and contact sports have been postulated as risk factors for anterior shoulder instability. Management after shoulder instability is controversial, with studies suggesting that nonoperative management increases the risk of recurrence. Several studies examined return to play after an in-season instability episode, and few followed these patients to determine if they were able to successfully compete in a subsequent season. No study has evaluated this question in a high school athlete population. Purpose: To compare the likelihood of return to scholastic sport and complete the next full season without an additional time-loss injury among athletes with anterior shoulder instability in terms of treatment, instability type, and sport classification. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2 Methods: Athletes were included in this study as identified by a scholastic athletic trainer as experiencing a traumatic time-loss anterior shoulder instability injury related to school-sponsored participation. The cohort was predominantly male (n = 108, 84%) and consisted mostly of contact athletes (n = 101, 78%). All athletes had dislocation or subluxation diagnosed by a board-certified physician who determined the athlete’s course of care (nonoperative vs operative). Successful treatment was defined as completion of care and return to the athlete’s index sport, with full participation for the following season. Chi-square and relative risk analyses were completed to compare success of treatment (nonoperative vs operative care) and instability type. Separate logistic regressions were used to compare the effect of sex and sport classification on the athletes’ ability to return to sport. Statistical significance was set a priori as α = .05. Results: Scholastic athletes (N = 129) received nonoperative (n = 97) or operative (n = 32) care. Nonoperatively treated (85%) and operatively treated (72%) athletes successfully returned to the same sport without injury for at least 1 full season ( P = .11). Players sustaining a dislocation were significantly more likely to fail to return when compared with those sustaining a subluxation (26% vs 89%, P = .013). Sex ( P = .85) and sport classification ( P = .74) did not influence the athlete’s ability to return to sport, regardless of treatment type. Conclusion: A high percentage of athletes with shoulder instability achieved successful return to sport without missing any additional time for shoulder injury. Those with subluxations were at almost 3 times the odds of a successful return compared with those sustaining a dislocation.
The Performance of Diagnostic Criteria for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Meena Nikhil K. , Sinokrot Odai , Duggal Abhijit , Alpat Daisy , Singh Zeba N. , Coviello Jean M. , Li Manshi , Wang Xiaofeng , Mireles-Cabodevila Eduardo 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The diagnostic criteria for secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) have not been validated in the critically ill adult population. We set out to evaluate the performance of diagnostic criteria and determine the ferritin cutoff in critically ill adults. Design: A retrospective single-center study. Setting and Patients: Patients admitted to intensive care unit between 2008 and March 2010. Data were collected on consecutive patients who had ferritin measured. Charts were reviewed for the diagnostic criteria of HLH and components of Hscore. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 445 patients had a ferritin level measured during the study period. A diagnosis of HLH was made for 10 patients. Having 5 of 6 criteria had a specificity of 97% and a sensitivity of 70%. Hemophagocytosis was found in 41 (47.1%) of 87 bone marrow biopsies. Two hundred thirty-one patients had a ferritin level above 500 ng/dL. When determining the odds of HLH being clinically diagnosed, the optimal cut point for ferritin was 1197 ng/dL. When determining the odds of HLH based on the Hscore, the best cutoff was 143.5 (sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 90%) and patients who had HLH in our study population had an Hscore of 203.8 ± 64.9. Conclusion: In this cohort of critically ill patients, the HLH criteria are specific for HLH but not sensitive. Critically ill patients can have a higher incidence of hemophagocytosis without HLH. A higher ferritin cutoff in combination with 5 other clinical criteria is comparable to the Hscore for the recognition of HLH in the critically ill population.
Universal screening of newborns for biliary atresia: Cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies
Authors: Masucci Lisa , Schreiber Richard A , Kaczorowski Janusz , Collet JP , Bryan Stirling 
Published: March 2019

Objective Biliary atresia, a rare newborn liver disease, is the most common cause of liver-related death in children and the main indication for paediatric liver transplantation. Early detection and surgical intervention with a Kasai portoenterostomy offers the best chance for long-term patient survival. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to compare no universal screening with screening using either a home-based infant stool colour card with passive card distribution strategy, or conjugated bilirubin testing. Methods A Markov model was developed, with structure, costs, and probabilities informed by the literature and clinical expert opinion, to simulate a newborn cohort over a 10-year time horizon. Health benefits were expressed as life-years gained. This analysis was conducted from the perspective of the Canadian publicly funded health care system (all costs in Canadian dollars). Both deterministic and probabilistic analyses were conducted. Results Screening using a home-based colour card with passive card distribution was a cost-effective option. For a population of 392,902 annual births in Canada, this strategy cost approximately $192,000 more than no universal screening but led to eight life-years gained (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) = $24,065 per life-year gained). Screening using conjugated bilirubin testing versus the colour card cost $2,369,199 more and led to five more life-years gained (ICER= $473,840 per life year gained), and so was not cost-effective. Conclusions A home-based screening program using infant stool colour cards with a passive distribution strategy could be highly cost-effective when administered at a low unit cost and with a reasonable screening performance.
Baseline hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL has stronger prognostic value than anemia status in nasopharynx cancers treated with chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Topkan Erkan , Ekici Nur Yücel , Ozdemir Yurday , Besen Ali Ayberk , Yildirim Berna Akkus , Mertsoylu Hüseyin , Sezen Duygu , Selek Ugur 
Published: March 2019

Background: To retrospectively investigate the influence of pretreatment anemia and hemoglobin levels on the survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (C-CRT). Methods: A total of 149 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who received C-CRT were included. All patients had received 70 Gy to the primary tumor plus the involved lymph nodes, and 59.4 Gy and 54 Gy to the intermediate- and low-risk neck regions concurrent with 1–3 cycles of cisplatin. Patients were dichotomized into non-anemic and anemic (hemoglobin <12 g/dL (women) or <13 g/dL (men)) groups according to their pre-treatment hemoglobin measures. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized for accessibility of a pre-treatment hemoglobin cut-off that impacts outcomes. Potential interactions between baseline anemia status and hemoglobin measures and overall survival, locoregional progression-free survival (LRPFS), and progression-free survival were assessed. Results: Anemia was evident in 36 patients (24.1%), which was related to significantly shorter overall survival ( P=0.007), LRPFS ( P<0.021), and progression-free survival ( P=0.003) times; all three endpoints retained significance in multivariate analyses ( P<0.05, for each). A baseline hemoglobin value of 11.0 g/dL exhibited significant association with outcomes in ROC curve analysis: hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL (N=26) was linked with shorter median overall survival ( P<0.001), LRPFS ( P=0.004), and progression-free survival ( P<0.001) times, which also retained significance for all three endpoints in multivariate analyses and suggested a stronger prognostic worth for the hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL cut-off value than the anemia status. Conclusion: Pre-C-CRT hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL has a stronger prognostic worth than the anemia status with regard to LRPFS, progression-free survival, and overall survival for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.