bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine Plasma Level and A2A Receptor Expression in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Gaubert Mélanie , Marlinge Marion , Kerbaul François , Resseguier Noemie , Laine Marc , Cautella Jennifer , Cordier Charlotte , Colomb Benjamin , Kipson Nathalie , Thuny Franck , Mottola Giovanna , Fenouillet Emmanuel , Ruf Jean , Paganelli Franck , Guieu Régis , Bonello Laurent 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
To investigate whether adenosine A2A receptors lead to vasodilation and positive inotropic function under stimulation and whether they play a role in the control of blood pressure in patients with cardiogenic shock.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
Monocentric, Hopital Nord, Marseille, France.

Subjects:
Patients with cardiogenic shock (n = 16), acute heart failure (n = 16), and acute myocardial infarction (n = 16).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Arterial adenosine plasma level and A2A receptor expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated by mass spectrometry and Western blot, respectively, at admission and after 24 hours. Hemodynamic parameters, including systemic vascular resistance, were also assessed. Mean adenosine plasma level at admission was significantly higher in patients with cardiogenic shock (2.74 ± 1.03 µM) versus acute heart failure (1.33 ± 0.27) or acute myocardial infarction (1.19 ± 0.27) (normal range, 0.4–0.8 µM) (p < 0.0001). No significant correlation was found between adenosine plasma level and systemic vascular resistance. Mean adenosine plasma level decreased significantly by 24 hours after admission in patients with cardiogenic shock (2.74 ± 1.03 to 1.53 ± 0.68; p < 0.001). Mean A2A receptor expression was significantly lower in patients with cardiogenic shock (1.18 ± 0.11) versus acute heart failure (1.18 ± 0.11 vs 1.39 ± 0.08) (p = 0.005).

Conclusions:
We observed high adenosine plasma level and low A2A receptor expression at admission in patients with cardiogenic shock versus acute heart failure or acute myocardial infarction. This may contribute to the physiopathology of cardiogenic shock.
The Role of Orthokeratology in Myopia Control: A Review
Authors: Lipson Michael J. , Brooks Moya M. , Koffler Bruce H. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:
The prevalence of myopia and high myopia has significantly increased worldwide and in the United States. The serious implications of these trends are being recognized. Myopia is not just a minor inconvenience requiring vision correction with glasses or contact lenses, but a disease process creating significant risk of serious vision-threatening eye disease. Various methods of treatment for myopia and myopic progression have been prescribed and studied in effort to find one that is effective, safe, and that patients will be compliant with. Numerous peer-reviewed studies have shown orthokeratology (OrthoK) is effective in slowing myopic progression. This review article covers the development of OrthoK, its mechanism of action, its evolution, and refinement from a refractive option to its use as a mean of slowing myopic progression. After detailing patterns of myopia progression, a description of theories and studies as to how OrthoK slows myopia progression in children is also explained. The review will focus on progression of myopia and the use of OrthoK to slow myopia progression after myopia has been diagnosed.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography of Post-Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Eyes to Evaluate Graft Morphology and Its Association With Visual Outcome
Authors: Graffi Shmuel , Leon Pia , Mimouni Michael , Nahum Yoav , Spena Rossella , Mattioli Leila , Busin Massimo 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the relationship between graft thickness/regularity and visual outcomes of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Methods:
Records of post-DSAEK patients who were examined by anterior segment optical coherence tomography at “Villa Igea” Private Hospital (Forlì, Italy) since April 2015 were reviewed. Pachymetric and elevation maps of both host cornea and graft were analyzed. Graft regularity was determined based on the root mean square error (RMSE) of the graft pachymetric measurements taken 3 and 6 mm from the center and the RMSE of the corneal elevation measurements at its posterior and interface surfaces. These parameters were correlated with best-spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) (expressed in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) and compared between eyes with central graft thickness (CGT) ≥100 μm (group 1) and eyes with CGT <100 μm (group 2).

Results:
Eighty-nine post-DSAEK eyes of 89 patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy or bullous keratopathy and no significant comorbidities were included. There were 40 eyes (CGT = 138.2 ± 31.7 μm) in group 1 and 49 eyes (CGT = 73.3 ± 15.5 μm) in group 2. The RMSEs of graft pachymetry and the RMSEs of the interface and posterior surface elevation maps at 3 and 6 mm differed significantly between both groups (P < 0.05). When only eyes with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (n = 54) were considered in both groups, there was a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.44; P = 0.001) between BSCVA and CGT.

Conclusions:
DSAEK grafts thinner than 100 μm are more regular than thicker ones. In eyes with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy that are otherwise healthy, thinner grafts yield significantly better BSCVA.
Central Corneal Thickness Increase Due to Stromal Thickening With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Severity
Authors: Kumar Navasuja , Pop-Busui Rodica , Musch David C. , Reed David M. , Momont Anna C. , Hussain Munira , Raval Nilesh , Moroi Sayoko E. , Shtein Roni 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT) and diabetes disease severity among patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) compared with controls.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 34 participants were examined. DPN status was assessed by clinical examination, nerve conduction studies, and quantitative sensory testing. All participants underwent comprehensive eye examination that included intraocular pressure measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry. CCT was measured by ultrasound pachymetry, and the thickness of corneal layers was assessed by corneal confocal microscopy. Association of CCT and DPN was examined using ANOVA.

Results:
Among the 34 participants, there were 9 controls, 16 patients with mild DPN, and 9 patients with severe DPN. CCT was significantly increased in the DPN groups compared with controls (P = 0.0003). Mean CCT among controls was 552.7 ± 29.2 μm compared with 583.4 ± 25.0 μm in the mild DPN group and 613.3 ± 28.8 μm in the severe DPN group. In addition, stromal thickness differed significantly between the 3 study groups (P = 0.045). Mean stromal thickness among controls was 439.5 ± 23.5 μm compared with 478.9 ± 37.5 μm in the mild DPN group and 494.5 ± 39.1 μm in the severe DPN group.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that CCT increases with DPN severity because of an increase in stromal thickness. CCT increase associated with DPN has important clinical implications including glaucoma progression, keratoconus susceptibility, and intraocular pressure assessment and should be accounted for when evaluating patients with diabetes.
Optimized Protocol for Regeneration of the Conjunctival Epithelium Using the Cell Suspension Technique
Authors: Bertolin Marina , Breda Claudia , Ferrari Stefano , Van Acker Sara Ilse , Zakaria Nadia , Di Iorio Enzo , Migliorati Angelo , Ponzin Diego , Ferrari Barbara , Lužnik Zala , Barbaro Vanessa 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To develop autologous tissue-engineered conjunctival epithelial sheets to be used as advanced therapy medicinal products for severe ocular surface disorders involving the conjunctiva.

Methods:
Methods used aimed at 1) mapping the conjunctiva for identification of the stem cell location, 2) establishing proper cell culturing conditions, 3) identifying the proper scaffold, and 4) characterizing the conjunctival grafts better. For these purposes, immunostaining and PAS staining, serial cultivation of cells, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (∆Np63α and MUC5AC) were performed.

Results:
The inferior fornix represents the ideal area where to take the conjunctival biopsies from, with at least +3.58% of clonogenic colonies and higher percentages of stem cells compared with other areas, as confirmed by ∆Np63α expression levels (6.79% ± 1.18%). The standard culture conditions are necessary when cells are cultured on bare plastic, while animal-free media can be used for conjunctival cell culture on the scaffold. Fibrin glue represents the ideal scaffold for production of epithelial conjunctival grafts because it allows physiological expression of the main conjunctival cell markers, with K19 as the ideal one (98.5% ± 0.5% positive cells). The presence of goblet cells (6.3% ± 1.3%) and expression of the stem cell marker ∆Np63α (1.65% ± 0.35% positive cells) were also assessed.

Conclusions:
Our findings pave the way for ex vivo cultivation of conjunctival epithelial cells onto a scaffold using the cell suspension technique by means of animal-free media. This would allow us to obtain conjunctival grafts for clinical purposes, thus giving a therapeutic option to patients with conjunctival diseases refractory to current therapies.
Risk Factors for Sporadic Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis After Microkeratome Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis: A Retrospective Large Database Analysis
Authors: Segev Fani , Mimouni Michael , Sela Tzahi , Munzer Gur , Kaiserman Igor 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To determine the factors associated with sporadic diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) after microkeratome laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods:
This large database retrospective study included consecutive cases of LASIK performed between 2007 and 2016 at Care-Vision Laser Centers, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether or not they subsequently developed DLK.

Results:
A total of 24,026 eyes of 12,013 patients with a mean age of 32.9 ± 10.3 years were included. Post-LASIK DLK developed in 464 eyes (1.9%), and the annual rate decreased from 7.1% (2007) to 1.7% (2016) (P < 0.001). The DLK group had a higher proportion of males (58.5% vs. 52.1%, P = 0.006), greater preoperative central corneal thickness (549.5 ± 32.6 vs. 545.3 ± 30.5 μm, P = 0.005), and a lower proportion of high astigmatism (>3 D) (0.4% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.05). The DLK group had a higher proportion of previous LASIK treatment (2.8% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.006), Moria M2 (rather than the SBK) microkeratome (71.1% vs. 34.0%, P < 0.001), smaller suction ring number (P < 0.001), greater stop size (P < 0.001), and greater flap thickness (119.2 ± 50.4 vs. 110.8 ± 22.2, P = 0.007). In multivariable analysis, a smaller suction ring number [odds ratio (OR) 0.89, P = 0.04], Moria M2 microkeratome (OR 5.26, P < 0.001), larger optical zone (OR = 2.04, P = 0.01), and higher spherical equivalent (OR = 1.08, P = 0.02) were associated with DLK.

Conclusions:
In the modern LASIK era, the incidence of DLK continues to decrease. Higher preoperative ametropia, smaller suction ring number, an older type of microkeratome, and larger optical zones are associated with higher DLK rates after LASIK.
Efficacy and Safety of Immunosuppressive Agents for Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Strianese Diego 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To present an update on the efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive therapy for thyroid eye disease (TED) and to offer a general recommendation for management of TED, in light of these reports.

Methods:
Data were retrieved from a literature search on PubMed, using the following words: thyroid eye disease, immunosuppressant, corticosteroid, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, etanercept, adalimumab, tocilizumab, teprotumumab, adverse effects, side effects, and complications.

Results:
Corticosteroids continue to be the primary medical therapy for TED. Recent research has offered insight into potential differences between oral corticosteroid and intravenous corticosteroid treatment regimens in terms of efficacy and side-effect profiles, which proved more favorable for the latter. The use of some traditional immunosuppressive agents, such as methotrexate and mycophenolate, seems suitable as steroid-sparing medications. In recent years, many scientific reports demonstrated the effectiveness of biologic immunosuppressive agents in the management of TED. Etanercept, adalimumab, and tocilizumab have been shown to be effective in reduction of the inflammatory signs with the possible added advantage of preventing relapse of the disease. Teprotumumab may control the disease activity, and it seems to be very effective in preventing disease progression. Infliximab might be useful in severe TED resistant to steroids and orbital decompression.

Conclusions:
Steroid therapy remains the first-line therapy for moderate/severe and severe vision-threatening TED. The biological agents may provide a deep and long-standing block of inflammatory activity in TED, with the hope to lower the risk of recurrences and to reduce the need of surgical intervention in moderate-to-severe disease. Indeed, the actual incidence of adverse effects is not yet well assessed because of the paucity of studies. Therefore, their use should be limited to those cases that really need an alternative therapy to steroids, handled by expert physician in this field.
Improvement in Both Primary and Eccentric Ocular Alignment After Thyroid Eye Disease-Strabismus Surgery With Tenon’s Recession
Authors: Scofield-Kaplan Stacy M. , Dunbar Kristen , Stein Gregory , Kazim Michael 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the improvement in primary and eccentric gaze ocular alignment in thyroid eye disease (TED) patients undergoing horizontal strabismus surgery with Tenon’s recession.

Methods:
This is an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective analysis of TED patients undergoing horizontal strabismus surgery for esotropia. The study included all patients from 2007 to 2016 operated on by a single surgeon at Columbia University Medical Center. Surgical success was defined as the ability to fuse at both near and distance either without prismatic correction or with less than 10 prism diopters (PD) of correction. Measurements of ocular alignment were also made in eccentric fields of gaze. This study was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant with protection of individually identifiable information.

Results:
Thirty-eight patients with TED and restrictive horizontal strabismus underwent unilateral or bilateral medial rectus recession to relieve diplopia. All patients underwent Tenon’s recession with dissection of Tenon’s from the overlying conjunctiva permitting it to retract into the orbit. Overall the success rate was 87% with a reoperation rate of 7.9%. The improvement in horizontal deviation in both primary and eccentric gaze was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The change in vertical deviation in the 5 cardinal positions of gaze was not statistically significant. The postoperative change in vertical deviation was not proportional to the preoperative horizontal deviation or the amount of horizontal recession.

Conclusions:
Due to the preoperative incomitance of ocular deviations in TED patients, persistent postoperative eccentric misalignment is expected. The addition of Tenon’s recession to TED-horizontal strabismus surgery led to statistically significant improvement in ocular alignment in both primary and eccentric gaze. This is the first study of TED-strabismus surgery to analyze the postoperative results in positions outside of primary and reading gaze. The authors postulate that the release of scar tissue by the addition of Tenon’s recession contributes to these improvements.
Assessment of pruritus in atopic dermatitis: validation of the Severity of Pruritus Scale (SPS)
Authors: Yosipovitch Gil , Simpson Eric L. , Bushmakin Andrew G. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Luger Thomas , Ständer Sonja , Tom Wynnis L. , Benjamin Katy , Ports William C. , Tallman Anna M. , Tan Huaming , Gerber Robert A. 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
Pruritus, or itch, is a central feature of atopic dermatitis (AD) and is often cited as the most bothersome symptom. The Severity of Pruritus Scale (SPS) is a 4-point rating scale adapted from the Atopic Dermatitis Severity Index to provide a measure of pruritus severity within a 24-hour recall period. The objective of this analysis was to assess the qualitative and quantitative validity of the SPS in AD.

Methods:
Content validity of the SPS was evaluated qualitatively in US patients with AD. Psychometric properties of the SPS were evaluated using data from 2 phase 3 trials conducted to investigate crisaborole in mild to moderate AD (study AD-301: NCT02118766; study AD-302: NCT02118792).

Results:
Fourteen patients were included in the qualitative analysis, considered adequate because of the single-item, single-concept nature of the SPS. Itch was the most prevalent symptom, and the SPS was easily understood and completed in US English (n=9) and US Spanish (n=5). The psychometric analysis used data from 1344 patients. Test-retest reliability analysis identified an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.54 for a single SPS observation, and at least 0.70 when at least 2 SPS observations were averaged. SPS scores correlated with Investigator’s Static Global Assessment (ISGA) scores, measures of quality of life, and 4 of 5 signs of AD (Pearson correlations, ≥0.40 at day 29). The difference in score between the no disease group/clear (ISGA 0) and the severe disease group (ISGA 4) was 0.80. The clinically important difference was estimated to be 0.20 and the clinically important response was estimated to be at least a 0.19-point reduction from baseline.

Discussion:
The SPS is an appropriate tool to assess itch in patients with AD and is a valid and reliable measure of pruritus severity.
PICU Provider Supply and Demand: A National Survey
Authors: Gigli Kristin H. , Dietrich Mary S. , Buerhaus Peter I. , Minnick Ann F. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
To describe physicians’ and nurse practitioners’ perceptions of the national and local PICU physician and other provider supply in institutions that employ PICU nurse practitioners, assess for differences in perceptions of supply, and evaluate the intent of institutions to hire additional nurse practitioners to work in PICUs.

Design:
National, quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study via a postal mail survey from October 2016 to January 2017.

Setting:
Institutions (n = 140) identified in the 2015 American Hospital Association Annual Survey with a PICU who employ PICU nurse practitioners.

Subjects:
PICU physician medical directors and nurse practitioners.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
There were 119 respondents, representing 93 institutions. Responses were received from 60 PICU medical directors (43%) and 59 lead nurse practitioners (42%). More than half (58%) of all respondents reported the national supply of PICU physicians is less than demand and 61% reported the local supply of PICU providers (physicians in all stages of training, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) is less than demand. Of the respondents from institutions that self-reported a local provider shortage (n = 54), three fourths (78%) reported plans to increase the number of PICU nurse practitioners in the next 3 years and 40% were likely to expand the nurse practitioner’s role in patient care.

Conclusions:
Most PICU medical directors and lead nurse practitioners in institutions that employ PICU nurse practitioners perceived that national and local supply of providers to be less than the demand. Nurse practitioners are employed in PICUs as part of interdisciplinary models of care being used to address provider demand. The demand for more PICU nurse practitioners with expanded roles in care delivery was reported. Further evaluation of models of care and provider roles in care delivery can contribute to aligning provider supply with demand for care delivery.
Pain Neuroscience Education and Exercise for Neck Pain: A Focus Group Study on Adolescents' Views
Authors: Neto Maritza , Andias Rosa , Silva Anabela G. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To explore the views of adolescents with chronic idiopathic neck pain toward an intervention consisting of pain neuroscience education and exercise administered in the school setting.

Methods:
Four focus group interviews were conducted with 21 adolescents with chronic idiopathic neck pain who participated in a 4-week intervention consisting of pain neuroscience education and exercise. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis.

Results:
Two main themes emerged: the perceived relevance of acquired knowledge and the perceived adequacy of the intervention.

Conclusion:
An intervention consisting of pain neuroscience education and exercise administered in the school setting is well accepted and considered relevant and appropriate by adolescents with chronic idiopathic neck pain.
Gait Analysis Parameters and Walking Activity Pre- and Postoperatively in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Nicholson Kristen , Lennon Nancy , Church Chris , Miller Freeman 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:This study examined the relationship between the Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and walking activity preoperatively and postoperatively.Methods:The GDI and walking activity from 74 youth with cerebral palsy (CP) were included in the analysis. The preoperative GDI was calculated using gait parameters collected during a clinical gait analysis 1 to 16 months prior to surgery. The postoperative GDI was calculated using gait parameters collected during a clinical gait analysis 10 to 26 months following surgery.Results:A weak correlation was present between the change in the average GDI and the change in strides. A moderate correlation was found between the change in the Surgery GDI and the change in strides.Conclusion:Single-event multilevel surgery improves gait deviations in children with CP. However, the improvement in gait pattern has limited correlation with postoperative change in walking activity. Our results demonstrate a need to pair surgical with additional intervention to affect long-term improvements in walking activity.
sEMG Analysis During Landing in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rosales Marcelo R. , Romack Jennifer , Angulo-Barroso Rosa 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
The aim was to explore the timing and duration of muscle activation during a landing task in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and compare their responses to those of children who are developing typically (TD).

Methods:
Six children (ages 3-4.5 years), half with ASD, hung from a vertical bar, landed, and reacted to a light cue that signaled the child to run to the right or left or to stay in place. Electromyography and kinematics were recorded and compared between groups.

Results:
Children with ASD had more and longer bursts of muscle activation during preimpact. In contrast, children TD displayed more and longer burst of muscle activation during impact.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that children with ASD have a less developed landing strategy compared with their peers TD. Further investigation into the neuromuscular components in children with ASD will guide future interventions for this population.