bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE COMBINED EFFECT OF u-PA AND t-PA ON A CANINE CORONARY THROMBUS MODEL
Authors: Nobuhara M , Ashida Y , Kato K , Horisawa Y , Kubota H , Yajima T , Shliraki S 
Published: August 2018

The combination experiments of both PAs have been performed in in vitro and in vivo to know whether they act synergistically or not.In in vitro experiments the additive combined effects of u-PA and t-PA were observed on human plasma clot lysis. In in vivo experiments, on a canine coronary thrombus model with a thrombin thrombus in LAD, the combined administration of u-PA and t-PA ( 1 × 104 IU/kg/30') gave significant thrombolysis without enhancing the reduction of Fbg, Pig and α2-PI.In order to study the mechanism of in vivo synergistic thrombolysis, changes of plasma and blood dynamic viscosities by administration of u-PA and t-PA were investigated. Whole blood dynamic viscosity decreased significantly in both u-PA and the combination groups, while plasma viscosity was not changed. This lowered blood viscosity was rather notable at the lower shear rate condition than at the higher shear rate.From these results it can be expected that u-PA could suppress the elevation of blood dynamic viscosity under the condition of retained blood flow, while t-PA might provide a thrombus specific lysis without any bleeding complications. And the synergism of u-PA and t-PA demonstrated here have a greate advantage on not only thrombolysis but also on lowering of blood viscosity in the coronary artery.
DISSOCIATION BETWEEN DDE LEVEL AND RECANALIZATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION
Authors: Mirshahi Mc , Soria J , Soria C , Xi Ma , Mirshahi M , Samama M , Caen J P 
Published: August 2018

The aim of this work was to determine whether plasma fibrin degradation products (FbDP) level may be used as a marker of recanalization in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. Samples were collected in patients treated by a 90 minutes infusion of 60 mg recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator (rtpA). Plasma FbDP (DDE complexes) were specifically and reliably determined by Elisa using a personal monoclonal antibody. Additional identification of FbDP and fibrinogen derived fragment D was performed by SDS PAGE followed by their detection using an anti D neo monoclonal antibody.Fragment D was only evidenced up to the end of rtpA infusion. Concerning FbDP levels : prior to treatment, each patient presented FbDP levels within the normal range. After rtpA infusion, FbDP were increased in almost all cases, but our results clearly demonstrated that this increase was not correlated with coronary recanalization : on one hand, FbDP (D dimer and YD complex) were increased at the end of rtpA infusion in patients for whom the treatment was efficient as proved by angiography but also in five of seven patients who did not reperfuse. On the other hand, in most cases even in patients presenting a good recanalization at the end of rtpA infusion, a further increase in FbDP was noted even 6 hours after the end of the infusion.It is therefore suggested that FbDP came either from a degradation of fibrin from different sources that coronary thrombus or coagulation in coranary artery was going on. A careful analysis of a possible activation of coagulation during thrombolytic therapy is under investigation.In this way in patients under thrombolytic therapy, we propose to investigate the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis by determining at the same time the level of plasma fibrinopeptide A and DDE complexes.
SYSTEMIC THRCMBOLYSIS WITHIN THE FIRST 3 HOURS OF ACUTE CORONARY THROMBOSIS : APSAC VS STREPTOKINASE : A RAMDCMIZED STUDY
Authors: Momier P , Sigwart U , Bachmnn F , Ferret C , Kapperiberger L 
Published: August 2018

Intravenous administration of thrombolytic agents in acute myocardial infarction may be preferable to intracoronary thrombolysis for practiced, reasons and to reduce time to reperfusion. As compared to the streptokinase infusion, the bolus injection of APSAC may be even more rational. We have therefore compared the effects of one intravenous bolus injection of APSAC (30 units in 5 min) to an intravenous injection of streptokinase (1.500.000 units in 60 min) within the first 3 hours (mean 141 min for APSAC and 135 min for streptokinase) after the onset of symptoms associated with acute myocardial infarction. All patients received i.v. heparin at therapeutic dosage for 24 hours starting 3-4 hours after the onset of therapy.14 patients were randomized to the APSAC group and 11 to the streptokinase group. Coronary angiography carried dout 2.5 hours after beginning of treatment revealed a patency rate (complete opacification of the vessel at selective injection) of 92% (13 of 14 patients) for APSAC and 63% (7 of 11 patients) for streptokinase. Both thrombolytic agents produced similar fall in plasma fibrinogen levels. One death occurred in the streptokinase on day 4 due to rupture of the anterior ventricular wall. No other side effects were life-threatening, there consisted of local bleeding at the punction side. We conclude that APSAC is at least as efficient as streptokinase and easier to administer in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
PLATELET FUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH EXERCISE INDUCED MYOCARDIAL ISCHAEMIA: MODIFICATION BY COMBINED BETA-BL0CKER AND CALCIUM ENTRY BLOCKER THERAPY
Authors: McGill D , McGuiness J , Ardlie N 
Published: August 2018

The relationship between platelet activation and exercise induced myocardial ischaemia is controversial, and the presence of measurable effects of anti-anginal drugs on platelet function requires further clarification. This study addresses these questions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), treated with metoprolol and nifedipine. Twenty seven clinically stable males aged 35 to 69 years (mean 53) with proven CAD, ceased all medications for 5 days, were maximally exercised on a treadmill, and then commenced treatment for 4 weeks. They were exercised to the same workload on treatment and again without drugs one week later. Blood samples were collected immediately before and after exercise in each of the three tests, to measure serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Myocardial ischaemia was assessed by ST segment depression. Statistical analysis was performed on paired and grouped data using the appropriate T-test. Baseline TXB2 levels were significantly lower in patients with exercise induced ischaemia, and this group had a significant increase in TXB2 production after exercise (Table). This increase was inhibited by therapy. .Those with a negative test had higher baseline TXB2 levels which not increase with exercise.It is concluded that myocardial ischaemia is associated with a lower potential for TXB2 production. It is also associated with an exercise induced increase in TXB2 which is prevented by anti-ischaemic drugs. It is suggested that continuous platelet activation may occur in CAD patients with ischaemia, depleting the potential for TXB2 production.
EARLY SPONTANEOUS FIBRINOLYSIS IS RELATED TO THE EXTENSION OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Hanss M , Rousson D , Touboul P , Dechavanne M 
Published: August 2018

The relative importance of spontaneous fibrinolysis was studied during the early stage of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Ten consecutive male patients (52.1 ± 5.7 years old) with AMI and without haemodynamic or rythmic complications were selected. Blood samples were obtained less than 5 hours (3.4 ± 0.8 hours) after the onset of symptoms. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay procedures were performed to quantify the D-dimer antigen (Dd-Ag) and tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA-Ag) plasma levels. The creatine phosphokinase (CPK) peak level was measured in serum as an index of the AMI extension. Mean ± S.D. (range) levels were respectively 368 ± 342 (118-1100) μg/1 for Dd-Ag, 12.9 ± 9.4 (4.5 - 29.1) μg/1 for tPA-Ag and 1117 ± 856 (256-2800) U/l for CPK. Coefficient correlation (r) between these parameters are given in the table.A significant linear correlation was observed between tPA-Ag and Dd-Ag. Moreover, plasma levels of these two parameters were inversely correlated to the logarithm of the CPK peak level. Thus abnormaly high tPA-Ag levels are detected in plasma from peripheric venous blood when likely marked fibrin lysis occurs and if AMI size is limited.These data suggest that impaired fibrinolysis is probably involved in the .progression of coronary occlusion during the early stage of AMI.
PLATELET FUNCTION AND PLASMA FIBRINOGEN IN YOUNG SURVIVORS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Berglund U , von Schenk H , Wallentin L 
Published: August 2018

An increased liability for thrombosis might be of pathogenetic importance in young survivors of myocardial infarction (MI). In 73 (58 men and 15 women) patients with MI below 45 years of age and 73 matched healthy controls plasma fibrinogen and platelet function tests were studied 3-6 months after the MI. At the time of the MI 77% of the patients were smokers but at the time of the investigation 27% of the patients smoked compared to 37% of the controls. Platelet aggregabi1ity was measured in vitro in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as maximal aggregation to ADP and collagen. The platelet sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of prostacyclin (PG12) was tested by preincubation of PRP with PG12 before inducing aggregation with ADP 5 μM. Plasma levels of beta-thrombog1obuIin (BTG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were measured by RIA methods and plasma fibrinogen by heat precipitation. The table presents the results (means ± SE). * is p<0.04, ** is D<0.02 and ns is non significant.Severe emotional stress preceeding the MI occured in 7 patients - these cases had an increased platelet reactivity to ADP. The fibrinogen level was also elevated by smoking and obesity (multivariate analysis). Conclusion: young MI patients have elevated levels ol fibrinogen and reduced platelet sensitivity to PGI2. This might cause an increased thrombotic tendency.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF CHINESE MEDICINAL RHAPONTICUM UNIFLORUM DC IN PREVENTING CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: Erzhen Zen , Yung-Cai Lu , Jain Wang , Fang Shi , Xiaoqing Lia , Yulin Zhou , Xudong Jia , Zhaozheng Gou 
Published: August 2018

The mechanism of Rhaponticum Uniflorum DC in preventing coronary heart disease was studied in vivo and in vitro. TBA fluorescent method was used to determine lipid peroxides (Lpo) and double analysis method was used to determine glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and fluorescent polarization of DPH probed membrane fluidity of smooth muscle cell (SMC).Rabbits were fed with high fat diet for 120 days. At the end of experiment, all the animals acquired hyperlipidemia and developed atheroma lesions in aorta and/or coronary. It was found that hyperlipidemia caused a rising of Lpo in blood (from 2.6±0.56 in control up to 8.48±3.28 nmol/ml) and in arterial wall (from 6.75±0.59 in control up to 31.94±4.20 nmol/g protein) and a decreasing of GSH-Px activity in arterial wall (from 0.210±0.095 down to 0.056±0.026 EU/g protein); concomitantly, an increase in microviscosity of arterial SMC membrane (from 1.93±0.04 in control up to 3.49±0.92 poise) which reflects a decrease in fluidity of SMC membrane. Lpo level was higher in plaque area (113.70±46.14 nmol/g protein) than in non-plaque area (58.32±12.69 nmol/g protein). GSH-Px activity level was lower in plaque area (0.0052±0.0014 EU/g protein) than in non-plaque area (0.015+0.0014 EU/g protein). Microviscosity of SMC membrane was higher in plaque area (2.92±0.35 poise) than in non-plaque area (2.26±0.24 poise, p<0.02). By comparison, the rabbits received Rhaponticum Uniflorum DC and VE showed much lowering of Lpo level in arterial wall (down to 10.74±1.61 and 9.93±1.17 nmol/g protein) and decreasing of microviscosity (down to 2.05+0.45 and 2.08+0.50 poise) that is increasing of membrane fluidity of arterial SMC membrane, but GSH-Px activity in arterial wall was keeping at lower level (0.036±0.027 and 0.051±0.027 EU/g protein). The atheroma lesions develped in these two group animals were less severe and fewer in number.
LEECH PROSTAGLANDINS AND THE ENZYME DESTAB ILASE AS THROMBOLYTIC AGENTS OF THE PREPARATIONS FROM THE MEDICINAL LEECHES
Authors: Baskova I , Nikonov G 
Published: August 2018

The thrombolytic effect of the leeching of thromboflebits has been well known from the ancient time. It is provided by the propertiesof the salivary gland secretion though leech saliva does not show proteolytic activity and does not activate plasminogen to plasmin. Butin leech saliva we have found the enzyme destabilase (isopeptidase-glutaminase) which hydrolyze the crosslinked fibrin. This mechanism can be the basis of a new type of fibrinolysis. We have observed the high affinity of destabilase to fibrin that provides the dissolutionof thrombous in circulating citrate blood in experiments in vitro. The high affinity of destabilase to fibrin correlates with its high ability to bound L-lysine, which inhibits isopeptidase and glutaminase activity of destabilase. Using radioimmunoassay for 6-keto-PgF1 we have found prostaglandins in saliva and other preparations from the medicinal leeches:3400 pg/ml of leech saliva322 pg/mg of protein (the whole leeches extract)351 pg/mg of protein (the head region extract)63 pg/mg of protein (blood from the intestinal tract)But the leech prostaglandins in contrast to 6-keto-PgF1 has Strongly inhibited platelets aggregation stimulated by thrombin. The leech prostaglandins stimulate thrombolysis in rats after intravenous injection or oral administration. We have supposed that thrombolytic effect of leech prostaglandins is induced by the release of tissue plasminogen activator from vessel wall.In the experiments on rats it has been shown that thrombolytic effect of leech saliva and preparations from the medicinal leeches is provided by the summary effect of the leech prostaglandins and the enzyme destabilase. After the extraction of prostaglandins by ethylacetate thrombolytic effect is diminished by 4O per cent.
THROMBOLYTIC EFFECTS OF A POLYANIONIC COMPOUND (PENTOSAN POLYSULPHATE SP54 ) IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: Vogel G , Machulik M 
Published: August 2018

In geriatric patients the use ofstreptokinase or urokinase is oftenlimited by contraindications, particularly hypertension. As it has been demonstrated by different authors, the polyanionic compound pentosanpolysulphate SP 54 induced an activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of fibrinolysis and produced a mild decrease of blood prssure. From thise characteristics pentosan polysulphate SP54 should be anideal thrombolytic agent in geriatric patients.
To clarify this, an open prospective studie was performed. 24 patient(16 females, 8 males ) age 65 -78 years , suffering from thromboembolicprocesses ( 8 deep vein thrombosis(DVT), 16 thrombosis of reti na vessels ( TRV) were included. Pentosan polysulphat SP 54 (BENE-PHARMA Munchen, F.R.G.) was administred byintravenous infusion 300 mg daily over a period of 10 days. Venographyor ophthalmoskopie were repeated atday 11.Results:Side effects: Bleeding 0 ; thrombocytopenia 2It is concluded from these results, that pentosan polysulphate SP54is an useful thrombolytic agent in particular in geriatric patients suffering from hypertension.
INTEREST OF THE RATIO OF INCREASE OF (β-THROMBOGLOBULIN (Δ+/βTG) AND OF FIBRINOPEPTIDE A (Δ+ FPA) FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THR0MB0-EMB0LIC DISEASES
Authors: Lavenne-Pardonge E , Col-De Beys C , Moriau M 
Published: August 2018

The interest of release of TG and FPA for the diagnosis and treatment of prethrombotic and thrombotic disorders is well knownThe ratio of increase of these two parameters (Δ+βTG/+ FPA) seems to bring some additional informations.This ratio, normally about 1, increases in isolated or preponderant platelet activation and decreases when platelet activation plays a minor role than the plasmatic factors. A more logical choice of therapeutics and a better control of its effectiveness are so possible.This study includes 91 cases of established thrombosis (20 arterial and 71 venous) and 272 cases of prethrombotic disorders (58 Raynaud syndromes, 54 cases of venous insufficiency, 60 of hip prosthesis, 40 of coronary by-pass, 60 of valvular replacement). The ratio + TG/ + FPA was calculated before, during and after efficacious or inefficacious treatment. In the cases of established thrombosis, our results confirm the leading role of platelets in the development of arterial thrombosis. The cases of venous thrombosis may be divided in two groups : simple venous thrombosis when the plasmatic factors play a leading role and complicated or recurrent venous thrombosis where the platelets play an equivalent or even a greater role.In the cases of prethrombotic states, the role of the platelets which is important on the arterial side is generally far from negligeable on the venous side. In cases of valvular replacement or of coronary by-pass the modification of the ratio lead us very frequently to modify our prophylactic therapeutics
DETERMINATION OF SOLUBLE FIBRIN IN PLASMA WITH A CHR0M0GENIC KIT METHOD UTILIZING THE HIGH AFFINITY PLASMIN SUBSTRATE S-2390
Authors: Ersdel E , Andersson M , Rosen S 
Published: August 2018

A sensitive and quantitative assay of soluble fibrin is of clinically diagnostic relevance in an early thrombotic state where there is a risk for development of DIC. Recently Wiman and Ranby (Thromb. Haemostas 55, 189-193 (1986)) published a spectro-photometric assay which met these criterions. The single-stage assay procedure is based upon activation of Glu-Plasminogen to Plasmin by t-PA in the presence of soluble fibrin and hydrolysis of the chromogenic plasmin substrate S-2390, H-D-Val-Phe-Lys-pNA, which has a high affinity for plasmin. The rate of plasmin generation is correlated to the amount of soluble fibrin monomers present in the sample.A complete kit containing optimized, stable reagents has now been developed which allows a quantitative determination of soluble fibrin in the range 30-200 nmol/1 within 30 min. at room temperature (20-25°C). The assay procedure is straightforward involving addition of 200 pi diluted plasma sample to 200 pi Glu-Plasminogen and 100 ul of a t-PA/S-2390-reagent.The results show a high resolution of the standard curve as illustrated by a AA405 amounting to about one absorbance unit between a 200 nmol/1 sample of soluble fibrin and the reagent blank, some variation, ±0.1 absorbance unit, being caused mainly by differences in temperature. In combination with an intra-assay variation coefficient = 6.3% and 5.0% at 150 and 50 nmol/1, respectively, this will allow safe and reliable differentiation of pathological levels of soluble fibrin from levels found in healthy subjects (below 10 nmol/1). A similar precision is also obtained when the assay is performed in microplates.In the original procedure fresh frozen human plasma was utilized as a dilution medium for soluble fibrin. Comparisons with carefully collected bovine plasma proved this source to be a convenient substitute. Furthermore, lyophilization of the bovine plasma did not produce any significant degradation of fibrinogen which otherwise might interfere in the assay. This simple kit procedure should make it a suitable tool in early determinations of soluble fibrin in a number of pathological states which may result in severe haemostatic disturbances.
QUANTIFYING DETERMINATION OF SOLUBLE FIBRIN BY MEANS OF TURBIDI-METRY OF THE PROTAMINE SULFATE PARACOAGULATION
Authors: Wieding J U , Eisinger G , Kostering H 
Published: August 2018

A new method has been elaborated that shows a high sensitivity for soluble fibrin (SF) in plasma without disturbing sensitivity for fibrinogen; the aggregation of soluble fibrin by protamine sulfate (PS) leads to a turbidity of the plasma sample which is measured by means of turbidimetry.To evaluate the test conditions, plasma samples with high levels of fibrinogen and soluble fibrin were analysed, varying pH value, concentration of plasma and PS, wavelength and timing of the analysis.The SF-PS-turbidimetry correlated well with the fibrinopeptid A levels in plasma samples with thrombin induced fibrinogen-fi-bri n-transformation.This method is characterized by its good practicability, prompt availability of reproducible quantifying results and its economy in single and serial analysis.Analysis of plasma samples from 2000 patients demonstrated the good validity of the new method; it is qualified for routine diagnostics of hypercoagulability with increased fibrinogen turnover.
COMPARISON OF HUMAN AND RABBIT BRAIN THROMBOPLASTIN IN THE EVALUATION OF LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Kitchen S , Malia R G , Triger D R , Greaves M , Preston F E 
Published: August 2018

In the UK, rabbit brain thromboplastin has recently replaced human thromboplastin. Since the sensitivity of thromboplastin varies according to species of origin, and the calibration of thromboplastins is based entirely on samples from normal subjects and patients on oral anticoagulants, a separate assessment is required in patients with liver disease. We have compared prothrombin times and specific one stage assays of factors V, VII and X in plasma from 19 patients with establishe < liver disease using rabbit thromboplastin (Manchester reagent, MR) and human thromboplastin (Manchester comparative reagent, MCR). Both materials were kindly provided by the National (UK) Reference Laboratory for Anticoagulant Control. Three separate analyses were performed on the prothrombin time data viz clotting time, prolongation of prothrombin time compared with control and prothrombin ratio. All were significantly longer with MR (p 0.001, paired ‘t’ test) although correlation was goo< (r=0.95 in all instances).In the assay of factors V, VII and X no significant differences were obtained with the two thromboplastins and correlation was good over a range of abnormality (Ranges for MCR and MR respectively were Factor V:0.31-1.23u/ml and 0.32-1.I6u/ml, r=0.96; Factor VII:0.07-1.22u/ml and 0.07-1.17u/ml, r=0.97; Factor X;0.18-1.Olu/ml and 0.17-1.03u/ml, r=0.96. We conclude that in the investigation of the haemostatic defect associated with liver disease rabbit brain thromboplastin is a suitable alternative to human material.