bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometry immune profiling of recurrent and newly diagnosed growth hormone secreting pituitary adenomas: comparison of two clinical cases
Authors: Lisina Daria , Mazeeva Valeria , Zakharova Elena , Sorokina Alyona , Dzhemileva Lilya , Grigoriev Andrei , Azizyan Vilen , Shutova Alexandra , Pigarova Ekaterina , Dzeranova Larisa , Melnichenko Galina , Rumiantsev Sergei , Mokrysheva Natalia , Chekhonin Vladimir , Loguinova Marina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Early detection of aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) remains challenging due to the absence of reliable markers that can predict disease progression. Aggressive tumors are typically identified through long-term observation. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is crucial for understanding PitNETs' heterogeneity and identifying potential predictors of tumor aggressiveness. In this study, we analyzed immune profile of micro- and macroenvironment in two somatotropinomas (aggressive and non-aggressive) using flow cytometry. We observed lymphopenia and elevated neutrophil levels in the periphery in the patient with tumor recurrence. The aggressive TIME showed greater leukocyte infiltration, with lymphoid cells predominating over myeloid cells along with a higher proportion of CD4+ T cells over CD8+ T cells. We detected double-positive CD4+CD8+ population, high level of regulatory T cells and a sharp increase in PD-1+ expressing T cells over six months during recurrence. In the blood of the patient with tumor recurrence, we observed reduced granule-mediated cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells and NK-cells. In the aggressive TIME the number of effector cells producing perforin and granzyme B—both independently and simultaneously was significantly lower. The proportion of CD3-CD20- NK cells and CD3-CD56+ NK cells was low after the first recurrence but increased sharply after six months. The ratio of monocyte subpopulations in tumor differed from that in blood, with CD16+ expressing monocytes predominating in the TIME of both patients. M2 macrophages in TIME rose sharply to 60.8% over six months during recurrence. In several immunological parameters, the patient with tumor recurrence exhibited a more pronounced immunosuppressive profile.
Detection of multi-branching pipes using transients in a pilot-scale pipeline system with uncertainties
Authors: Ko Dongwon , Lee Jeongseop , Kim Kwangju , Kim Sanghyun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The detection of small side branches within underground water pipe networks can be challenging since they are usually subject to many unknown uncertainties. A transient-based method was proposed to detect multi-branching pipes in pipeline systems having uncertainties associated with unknown abnormalities. To isolate the uncertainty signal from the original pressure signal, a polynomial transient model was developed that can address nonlinear transient introduction. Through the superimposition of different pressure signals, the uncertainty signal was delineated to obtain the processed signal for multi-branch prediction. Pipeline systems with two branching pipes were tested under various uncertainties to detect multi-branching pipes. In this study, two transient generation conditions were used: an instant valve closure and a pressure injection. Under several uncertainty conditions, hydraulic pressure damping can be obtained for the detection of two branching pipes under both transient generation conditions. It is possible to predict the locations of multi-branching pipes with a prediction error of less than 10% by using proper signal processing and manipulation for two distinct transient generation methods in a pilot-scale pipeline system with several uncertainties. This study demonstrates the potential for detecting multi-branching pipes in a pipeline system, even with unknown uncertainties for a pipeline system.
Pathogen validation of small- and large-scale recycled water plants utilizing various clarification and media filtration technologies
Authors: Reeve Petra , Marshall Gretchen , Zhang Po , Thwaites Ben , van den Akker Ben 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Media filters are important in wastewater recycling schemes for pathogen removal. Filter selection depends on health targets and plant scale; however, there is a data gap concerning pathogen removal efficacy at full scale. This study compared the pathogen removal performance of two full-scale filtration technologies, including a small 17,000 m3/d pressurized media filtration (PMF) plant and a large 120,000 m3/d gravity filter in the form of dissolved air flotation filtration (DAFF). The preceding clarification processes were also assessed. Validation of protozoa and virus removal was estimated by dosing model organisms yeast and MS2 bacteriophage to demonstrate removal potential. The DAFF process (coagulation, flotation and filtration) was most efficient at removing bacteriophage with a mean log10 reduction value (LRV) of 2.90 (±0.64), compared with 0.98 (±0.37) achieved by coagulation, sedimentation and PMF. Yeast log10 reduction though both systems were similar measuring 3.80 (±1.06) through DAFF and 4.57 (±0.14) through coagulation, sedimentation and PMF. The DAFF process showed greater variability in MS2 and yeast removal, which was attributed to filtration. Energy and chemical usage were also evaluated, revealing trade-offs between these factors, treatment scale and pathogen LRVs, offering practical insights into the technological and economic aspects of designing fit-for-purpose recycled water schemes.
Research on the Therapeutic Effect of Qizhu Anti Cancer Recipe on Colorectal Cancer Based on RNA Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Zhai Pingping , Qian Xueshen , Liu Guangyao , Wang Jingjing , Xie Lei , Tang Decai 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in clinical
practice, and traditional Chinese medicine, as an important adjuvant treatment method, plays
important roles in the treatment of malignant tumors.

Objective:
This study aims to explore the mechanism of action of the Qizhu anti-cancer recipe
on colorectal cancer through transcriptome sequencing.

Methods:
The control group and Qizhu anti-cancer recipe group were established separately, and
sequencing of the cells of the two groups was performed using the Illumina sequencing platform.
Two sets of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were screened using the DESeq2 algorithm,
and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes
and Genomes (KEGG), Reactome, Disease Ontology (DO), and Protein-Protein Interaction
(PPI) were used to comprehensively analyze the molecular functions and signaling pathways enriched
by DEGs.

Result:
A total of 122 DEGs were identified through differential analysis, including 24 upregulated
genes and 98 downregulated genes. GO analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched
in functions such as alkaline phase activity, ion transport, cell differentiation, etc.; KEGG analysis
showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways such as Thiamine metabolism, apoptosis,
signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, cellular senescence and so on. Reactom
analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in response pathways such as EGR1,2,3
bind to the NAB2 promoter, EGR binds ARC gene, EGR-dependent NAB2 gene expression,
etc.; DO analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in diseases
such as disease of cellular proliferation, disease of anatomical entity, organ system cancer, etc.;
PPI analysis identified key differentially expressed genes, including DDIT3, CHAC1, TRIB3,
and ASNS.

Conclusion:
Based on transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, it was found that
the Qizhu anti-cancer recipe may involve DEGs and signaling pathways in the treatment of colorectal
cancer. Our study may provide potential drug targets for developing new treatment strategies
for colorectal cancer.
Preliminary Characterization of the Vasorelaxant Effect of Thymus atlanticus (Ball) Roussine Using Optical Methods
Authors: Elbouny Hamza , Bouchebchoub Nabil , Ouahzizi Brahim , Hajjami Rania , Filali-Zegzouti Younes , Amarouch Mohamed Yassine , Alem Chakib 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Thymus atlanticus (Ball) Roussine is a Moroccan endemic thyme species
that is traditionally used as an aromatic and medicinal plant. Several studies have demonstrated its
pharmacological significance and therapeutic value.

Objective:
The current study aimed to assess the vasorelaxant effect of the aqueous extract of this
species.

Methods:
The contractility of isolated rat aortas was investigated using the multi-well organ bath
technique. This method was adapted and validated in our experimental conditions using
epinephrine and hydralazine as vasoconstrictive and vasodilator agents, respectively. The application
of 10 μM epinephrine induced a clear vasoconstriction of the aorta rings (Lumen reduction =
31.8±0.4%). However, hydralazine induced a dose-dependent relaxation with an EC50 value of
6.1±1.2 mM. For the aqueous extract of T. atlanticus, the aortic rings were precontracted with
epinephrine, and then increasing concentrations (0.125-1 mg/mL) of this extract were added cumulatively.

Results:
The results have indicated T. atlanticus extract to have a significant vasodilatory effect in
a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 0.52±0.03 mg/mL).

Conclusion:
The findings provide preliminary evidence of the vasorelaxant effect of the aqueous
extract of T. atlanticus using a low-cost optical approach. However, the cellular and molecular
mechanisms underlying this effect have yet to be revealed.
Neighbourhood Sum-Based Structural Analysis for Sodalite System
Authors: Julietraja K. , Raja S. Arul Amirtha , Alsinai Ammar 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Sodalite is a type of zeolite with an intricate structure comprising a system of interrelated cages and tunnels. It is extensively used in sieving applications due to its unique structure and properties. As a result, it finds several uses in water and air purifica-tion, radioactive decontamination, detergents, and so on. Due to the potential positive envi-ronmental impact of sodalite materials, analysing the molecule at a structural level becomes the need of the hour.

Methods:
Molecular descriptors form the basis of many convenient and cost-effective tech-niques for studying molecular structures. In this article, the neighbourhood sum-based de-scriptors are computed edge-partition techniques, simplifying the intricate structures with cages and tunnels into more simple graphs for mathematical convenience.

Results:
This article presents the calculated analytical expressions for molecular descriptors, specifically focusing on various neighbourhood sum degree-based indices in sodalite struc-tures.

Conclusion:
The results presented in this article establish the dependence of the physical properties of a molecule on its underlying structure using the computed molecular de-scriptors. The graphical comparison of the results provides a visual representation of the be-haviour of indices with respect to the molecular structure.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis and Optimization of a Doublesuction Turbine Agitator
Authors: Chen Zhong , Song Zuxiao , Peng Rui , Ma Guohui 
Published: November 2024

Background:
As one of the essential pieces of chemical equipment, a reactor provides
the necessary reaction space and conditions for the materials involved in the reaction during the
stirring process. However, under typical operating conditions, issues such as uneven gas distribution,
suboptimal gas-liquid mixing, and low product yield often arise in gas-liquid phase reactors.

Purpose:
To address the issues prevalent in current stirred reactors, a new design for a stirred reactor
equipped with a double-suction turbine agitator was developed.

Method:
In this paper, a stirred reactor equipped with a double-suction turbine agitator was designed,
and its three-dimensional modeling was conducted using SolidWorks. Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) simulations, based on the Euler-Euler two-phase approach with the RNG k −ε
turbulence model, were performed to assess variables such as stirring speed, installation height,
blade diameter and agitator inner diameter. The dispersion characteristics and flow field behaviors
of the gas-liquid two-phase under varying conditions were comparatively analyzed. Optimizations
were conducted across various parameters to enhance the gas mixing efficiency in the liquid phase.

Result:
The results show that a diameter of 370mm for the double-suction turbine agitator, an installation
height of 640mm, a blade diameter of 500mm, and an inner hole diameter of 200mm
yield optimal gas-liquid two-phase mixing performance. This configuration results in a broad and
uniform gas distribution within the reactor, maintaining a desired high level of gas holdup at specific
positions.

Conclusion:
The double suction turbine agitator is a type of radial agitator. During operation, it induces
significant centrifugal forces in the liquid, exerts a robust shear effect, and enhances the mixing
of the gas-liquid phases, thereby increasing the production efficiency of the product.
Early Enteral Feeding Restores Neurofilament Light Chain Serum Levels in Preterm Newborns
Authors: Di Chiara Maria , Terrin Gianluca , Fiore Marco , De Nardo Maria Chiara , Laccetta Gianluigi , Gloria Flavia , Minni Antonio , Barbato Christian , Petrella Carla 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Positive effects of early nutritional strategies on neurological outcomes have
been observed when nutrients were administered by the enteral route, especially during the first week
of life. Evidence reports that serum neurofilament light chain (NfL), a structural protein of neurons, is
a specific and reliable biomarker of neuronal damage.

Objective:
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition (EN) in minimizing
neuroaxonal damage and assessing NfL serum levels in preterm neonates.

Methods:
Fifty-four preterm neonates without severe brain impairment and 20 full-term babies as controls
were enrolled from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the Policlinico Umberto I in Rome. We
performed blood sampling at birth (day of life 0 - DoL 0) in 20 full-term newborns and in 19 pre-term
infants. Furthermore, we executed blood sampling at DoL 28 in other 22 pre-term newborns who received
early enteral nutrition (EN) within the third DoL (Early-EN) and in 13 other pre-term newborns
who received EN after the third DoL (Late-EN).

Results:
Serum levels of NfL were higher in preterm babies when compared to full-term neonates, at
DoL 0 (48.81 ± 9.4 vs. 11.67 ± 1.4 pg/ml; p = 0.007). Interestingly, at DoL 28, serum NfL was significantly
decreased in the Early-EN newborns compared to the Late-EN groups (15.22 ± 2.0 vs. 50.05 ±
17.9 pg/ml; p = 0.03).

Conclusions:
It was shown that early enteral feeding, within the first week of life, could be a useful
tool for limiting neurological impairment in pre-term neonates by restoring NfL.
Exploring Virtual Reality and Exercise Simulator Interventions in Patients With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Sarai Gurdeep , Jayaraman Prem Prakash , Tirosh Oren , Wickramasinghe Nilmini 
Published: November 2024

Background
This review explores virtual reality (VR) and exercise simulator–based interventions for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Past research indicates that both VR and simulator-based interventions enhance cognitive functions, such as executive function and memory, though their impacts on attention vary.

Objective
This study aimed to contribute to the ongoing scientific discourse on integrating technology-driven interventions into the management and evaluation of ADHD. It specifically seeks to consolidate findings on how VR and exercise simulators may support individuals with ADHD, acknowledging associated challenges and implications inherent in both technological approaches.

Methods
This research looks at existing literature to examine the potential efficacy of VR and exercise simulator–based interventions for individuals with ADHD. It evaluates the capacity of these interventions to address specific challenges along with an emphasis on the adjustments for accommodating unique user behaviors. Additionally, it underscores the limited exploration of user perceptions of exercise simulator–based interventions and the undervalued role of motor function in both ADHD assessment and symptom management.

Results
The findings of this scoping review reveal that, while these interventions enhance user motivation and enjoyment, certain challenges resist modification through technology. Furthermore, this study explores the intricate complexities involved in customizing these technologies to accommodate the diverse aspects of user behavior and highlights the potential limitations in the use of VR.

Conclusions
This scoping review contributes to the ongoing research on enhancing interventions to support individuals with ADHD. It advocates for participant-centric approaches that aim to optimize both cognitive and motor outcomes while prioritizing the enhancement of user experiences. This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to interventions, recognizing the relationship between cognitive and motor abilities, and calls for improving technological interventions to address the varied needs of individuals with ADHD.
System-Wide, Electronic Health Record–Based Medication Alerts for Appropriate Prescribing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Smith Shawna N , Lanham Michael S M , Seagull F Jacob , Fabbri Morris , Dorsch Michael P , Jennings Kathleen , Barnes Geoffrey 
Published: November 2024

Background
While direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have improved oral anticoagulation management, inappropriate prescribing remains prevalent and leads to adverse drug events. Antithrombotic stewardship programs seek to enhance DOAC prescribing but require scalable and sustainable strategies.

Objective
We present a pilot, prescriber-level randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of electronic health record (EHR)–based medication alerts in a large health system.

Methods
The pilot assessed prescriber responses to alerts for initial DOAC prescription errors (apixaban and rivaroxaban). A user-centered, multistage design process informed alert development, emphasizing clear indication, appropriate dosing based on renal function, and drug-drug interactions. Alerts appeared whenever a DOAC was being prescribed in a way that did not follow package label instructions. Clinician responses measured acceptability, accuracy, feasibility, and utilization of the alerts.

Results
The study ran from August 1, 2022, through April 30, 2023. Only 1 prescriber requested trial exclusion, demonstrating acceptability. The error rate for false alerts due to incomplete data was 6.6% (16/243). Two scenarios with alert design and/or execution errors occurred but were quickly identified and resolved, underlining the importance of a responsive quality assurance process in EHR-based interventions. Trial feasibility issues related to alert-data capture were identified and resolved. Trial feasibility was also assessed with balanced randomization of prescribers and the inclusion of various alerts across both medications. Assessing utilization, 34.2% (83/243) of the encounters (with 134 prescribers) led to a prescription change.

Conclusions
The pilot implementation study demonstrated the acceptability, accuracy, feasibility, and estimates of the utilization of EHR-based medication alerts for DOAC prescriptions and successfully established just-in-time randomization of prescribing clinicians. This pilot study sets the stage for large-scale, randomized implementation evaluations of EHR-based alerts to improve medication safety.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05351749; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05351749
The Influence of Communication Medium on Professional Skepticism in Auditor-Client Interactions
Authors: Hawkins Erin M. 
Published: November 2024

SYNOPSIS
Auditors frequently interact with clients to perform inquiries and must maintain an appropriate level of professional skepticism during these interactions. Inquiries can be performed using various communication mediums. Although prior research has shown that partners prefer traditional face-to-face (FTF) interactions, many younger auditors prefer computer-mediated communication (CMC) (Bennett and Hatfield 2018). The present study examines the effect of four levels of communication media (email, chat, video, and FTF) on auditor skeptical behavior. Results suggest that auditors are more skeptical when interacting with the client by email than by chat, video, and FTF. These findings inform practitioners of what types of auditor-client interactions may negatively impact auditor skeptical behavior.
Data Availability: Please contact the author.
Crafting weather instruments: integrating art into meteorological education for elementary students
Authors:   University States of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Andrezza Bethânia Santos , Rita Rodrigues ,   University States of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Published: November 2024

Addressing the urgent need for environmental awareness, this project introduces a hands-on educational approach by intertwining the construction of meteorological instruments with artistic exploration. Focused on a group of twenty elementary students from a public school in Lorena, SP, Brazil, the initiative diverged from traditional methods by embedding practical meteorology within an artistic and interactive framework. The students embarked on a journey of discovery, designing and building their own weather instruments as a gateway to understanding climatic phenomena. This process not only facilitated a tangible connection to meteorological science but also invited students to express their climatological insights through art, using mediums such as painting, drawing, and digital arts. This innovative curriculum bridged the gap between abstract climatological concepts and their real-world implications, using art to illuminate the themes of biodiversity, resource management, and the environmental consequences of human actions. The artistic component empowered students to transform raw climate data into compelling narratives and visualizations, making their learning experience both deeply personal and engaging. The project’s success in merging scientific experimentation with creative expression resulted in a profound enhancement of students’ climate literacy. Notably, participants showed a marked improvement in their ability to discuss climate issues and a deeper understanding of the impact of environmental changes on their surroundings. By creating a multifaceted learning environment that values both scientific inquiry and artistic creativity, this project highlights the importance of innovative educational strategies in fostering a generation of informed and environmentally conscious individuals.