bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regularity Extraction Across Species: Associative Learning Mechanisms Shared by Human and Non‐Human Primates
Authors: Rey Arnaud , Minier Laure , Malassis Raphaëlle , Bogaerts Louisa , Fagot Joël 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExtracting the regularities of our environment is a core cognitive ability in human and non‐human primates. Comparative studies may provide information of strong heuristic value to constrain the elaboration of computational models of regularity learning. This study illustrates this point by testing human and non‐human primates (Guinea baboons, Papio papio) with the same experimental paradigm, using a novel online learning measure. For local co‐occurrence regularities, we found similar patterns of regularity extraction in baboons and humans. However, only humans extracted the more global sequence structure. It is proposed that only the first result that is common to both species should be used to constrain models of regularity learning. The second result indicates that the extraction of global regularities cannot be accounted for by mere associative learning mechanisms and suggests that humans probably benefit from their language recoding abilities for extracting these regularities. We propose to use a comparative approach to address a series of remaining theoretical questions, which will contribute to the development of a general theory of regularity learning.
Do commodity price shocks weaken the financial sector?
Authors: Kinda Tidiane , Mlachila Montfort , Ouedraogo Rasmane 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of commodity price shocks on financial sector fragility. Using a large sample of 71 commodity exporters among emerging and developing economies, it shows that negative shocks to commodity prices tend to weaken the financial sector, with larger shocks having more pronounced impacts. More specifically, negative commodity price shocks are associated with higher non‐performing loans, bank costs and banking crises, while they reduce bank profits, liquidity and provisions to non‐performing loans. These adverse effects tend to occur in countries with poor quality of governance, weak fiscal space, as well as those that do not have a sovereign wealth fund, do not implement macroprudential policies and do not have a diversified export base. These findings are robust to a battery of robustness checks.
N-Linked Glycosylation Is Not Essential for Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide To Mediate Hepatitis B Virus Infection
In Vitro
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Zong Li , Krotow Alexander , Qin Yanli , Jia Lucy , Zhang Jiming , Tong Shuping , Li Jisu 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been identified as a hepatitis B virus (HBV) receptor, and its overexpression in HepG2 cell lines leads to efficient secretion of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) following challenge with a large dose of cell culture-derived HBV (cHBV) particles. However, NTCP-reconstituted HepG2 cells are inefficiently infected by patient serum-derived HBV (sHBV) and release very little hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) following cHBV infection, unlike differentiated HepaRG cells, which are naturally susceptible to both cHBV and sHBV particles. Here, we investigated whether NTCP could explain the different behaviors of the two cell types. Endogenous NTCP protein from differentiated HepaRG cells was unglycosylated despite wild-type coding sequence. HepaRG cells stably transfected with an epitope-tagged NTCP expression construct displayed higher sHBV but not cHBV susceptibility than cells transfected with the null mutant. Tagged NTCP introduced to both HepG2 and HepaRG cells was glycosylated, with N5 and N11 being sites of N-linked glycosylation. Mutating N5, N11, or both did not alter cell surface availability of NTCP or its subcellular localization, with both the singly glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms still capable of mediating cHBV infection in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, nonglycosylated NTCP is expressed by differentiated HepaRG cells and capable of mediating cHBV infection in HepG2 cells, but it cannot explain differential susceptibility of HepaRG and HepG2/NTCP cells to cHBV versus sHBV infection and different HBsAg/HBeAg ratios following cHBV infection. The responsible host factor(s) remains to be identified.

IMPORTANCE
HBV can infect differentiated HepaRG cells and also HepG2 cells overexpressing NTCP, the currently accepted HBV receptor. However, HepG2/NTCP cells remain poorly susceptible to patient serum-derived HBV particles and release very little hepatitis B surface antigen following infection by cell culture-derived HBV. We found differentiated HepaRG cells expressed nonglycosylated NTCP despite a wild-type coding sequence. NTCP introduced to HepG2 cells was glycosylated at two N-linked glycosylation sites, but mutating either or both sites failed to prevent infection by cell culture-derived HBV or to confer susceptibility to serum-derived HBV. Overexpressing NTCP in HepRG cells did not increase infection by cell culture-derived HBV or distort the ratio between the two viral antigens. These findings suggest that host factors unique to HepaRG cells are required for efficient infection by serum-derived HBV, and factors other than NTCP contribute to balanced viral antigen production following infection by cell culture-derived HBV.
Identification of new risk factors for rolandic epilepsy: CNV at Xp22.31 and alterations at cholinergic synapses
Authors: Addis Laura , Sproviero William , Thomas Sanjeev V , Caraballo Roberto H , Newhouse Stephen J , Gomez Kumudini , Hughes Elaine , Kinali Maria , McCormick David , Hannan Siobhan , Cossu Silvia , Taylor Jacqueline , Akman Cigdem I , Wolf Steven M , Mandelbaum David E , Gupta Rajesh , van der Spek Rick A , Pruna Dario , Pal Deb K 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundRolandic epilepsy (RE) is the most common genetic childhood epilepsy, consisting of focal, nocturnal seizures and frequent neurodevelopmental impairments in speech, language, literacy and attention. A complex genetic aetiology is presumed in most, with monogenic mutations inGRIN2Aaccounting for >5% of cases.ObjectiveTo identify rare, causal CNV in patients with RE.MethodsWe used high-density SNP arrays to analyse the presence of rare CNVs in 186 patients with RE from the UK, the USA, Sardinia, Argentina and Kerala, India.ResultsWe identified 84 patients with one or more rare CNVs, and, within this group, 14 (7.5%) with recurrent risk factor CNVs and 15 (8.0%) with likely pathogenic CNVs. Nine patients carried recurrent hotspot CNVs including at 16p13.11 and 1p36, with the most striking finding that four individuals (three from Sardinia) carried a duplication, and one a deletion, at Xp22.31. Five patients with RE carried a rare CNV that disrupted genes associated with other epilepsies (KCTD7,ARHGEF15,CACNA2D1, GRIN2AandARHGEF4), and 17 cases carried CNVs that disrupted genes associated with other neurological conditions or that are involved in neuronal signalling/development. Network analysis of disrupted genes with high brain expression identified significant enrichment in pathways of the cholinergic synapse, guanine-exchange factor activation and the mammalian target of rapamycin.ConclusionOur results provide a CNV profile of an ethnically diverse cohort of patients with RE, uncovering new areas of research focus, and emphasise the importance of studying non-western European populations in oligogenic disorders to uncover a full picture of risk variation.
A generalization of Menon’s identity with Dirichlet characters
Authors: Li Yan , Hu Xiaoyu , Kim Daeyeoul 
Published: May 2018

The classical Menon’s identity [P. K. Menon, On the sum [Formula: see text], J. Indian Math. Soc.[Formula: see text]N.S.[Formula: see text] 29 (1965) 155–163] states that [Formula: see text] where for a positive integer [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is the group of units of the ring [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] represents the greatest common divisor, [Formula: see text] is the Euler’s totient function and [Formula: see text] is the divisor function. In this paper, we generalize Menon’s identity with Dirichlet characters in the following way: [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a non-negative integer and [Formula: see text] is a Dirichlet character modulo [Formula: see text] whose conductor is [Formula: see text]. Our result can be viewed as an extension of Zhao and Cao’s result [Another generalization of Menon’s identity, Int. J. Number Theory 13(9) (2017) 2373–2379] to [Formula: see text]. It can also be viewed as an extension of Sury’s result [Some number-theoretic identities from group actions, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo 58 (2009) 99–108] to Dirichlet characters.
Glycosylation of Recombinant Anticancer Therapeutics in Different Expression Systems with Emerging Technologies
Authors: Nadeem Tariq , Khan Mohsin Ahmad , Ijaz Bushra , Ahmed Nadeem , Rahman Zia ur , Latif Muhammad Shahzad , Ali Qurban , Rana Muhammad Adeel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlycosylation, a posttranslational modification, has a major role in recombinant anticancer therapeutic proteins, as most of the approved recombinant therapeutics are glycoproteins. The constant amino acid sequence of therapeutics determines the enzymatic activity, while the presence of glycans influences their pharmacokinetics, solubility, distribution, serum half-life, effector function, and binding to receptors. Glycoproteins expressed in different expression systems acquire their own oligosaccharides, which increases the protein diversity. The heterogeneity of glycans creates hurdles in downstream processing, ultimately leading to variable anticancer therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, glycoproteins require an appropriate expression system to obtain structurally and functionally identical glycans, as in humans. In many expression systems, the N-glycosylation pathway remains conserved in the endoplasmic reticulum, but divergence is observed when the protein enters the Golgi complex. Hence, in recent decades, numerous approaches have been adopted to engineer the Golgi's N-glycosylation pathway to attain human-like glycans. Several researchers have tried to engineer the N-glycosylation pathway of expression systems. In this review, we examine the glycosylation pattern in various expression systems, along with emerging technologies for glycosylation engineering of anticancer therapeutic drugs. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2787–98. ©2018 AACR.
Antidepressant Use and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Kiridly-Calderbank Jenna F. , Sturgeon Susan R. , Kroenke Candyce H. , Reeves Katherine W. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background: Some prior studies have reported reduced colorectal cancer risk among individuals using antidepressant medications, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Yet most studies have not considered the potential role of depression or other confounders in their analyses.
Methods: We utilized prospectively collected data from 145,190 participants in the Women's Health Initiative, among whom 2,580 incident colorectal cancer cases were diagnosed. Antidepressant use and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and follow-up study visits. Cox proportional hazards regression models with adjustment for depressive symptoms and other covariates were utilized to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between antidepressant use and colorectal cancer.
Results: Antidepressant use was reported by 6.9% of participants at baseline, with SSRIs the most common class of antidepressant used. In multivariable analyses, including adjustment for depressive symptomology, we observed no statistically significant association between antidepressant use overall (HR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.75–1.09) or with SSRIs specifically (HR = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.85–1.37) and colorectal cancer risk. A borderline significant reduction in colorectal cancer risk was observed for use of tricyclic antidepressants (HR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.56–1.04). Severe depressive symptoms were independently associated with a 20% increased risk of colorectal cancer (HR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09–1.48). Results were similar for separate evaluations of colon and rectal cancer.
Conclusions: We observed no evidence of an association between antidepressant use, overall or by therapeutic class, and colorectal cancer risk.
Impact: These results suggest that antidepressants may not be useful as chemopreventive agents for colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(8); 892–8. ©2018 AACR.
Smoking and Cutaneous Melanoma: Findings from the QSkin Sun and Health Cohort Study
Authors: Dusingize Jean Claude , Olsen Catherine M. , Pandeya Nirmala , Thompson Bridie S. , Webb Penelope M. , Green Adele C. , Neale Rachel E. , Whiteman David C. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background: Previous studies suggest that smokers have lower risks of cutaneous melanoma than nonsmokers, but data from population-based prospective studies are scarce. We investigated associations between smoking and melanoma in a cohort study purpose-designed to investigate skin cancer outcomes.
Methods: Participants with no prior history of melanoma (n = 38,697) completed a risk factor survey at baseline (2011). Patients were followed through linkage to the cancer registry. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between smoking (including intensity, duration, time since quitting) and melanoma using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, accounting for death as a competing event.
Results: During a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, invasive melanomas developed in 247 participants. Compared with never smokers, former smokers (but not current smokers) had lower risks of invasive melanoma (HR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.57–1.01). Among former smokers, risks were lower with greater quantity of cigarettes smoked (HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56–0.98 per 10 cigarettes/day). No association was observed with duration of smoking while longer time since quitting was associated with a relative risk of melanoma that was not significantly different from the null (HR 1.18; 95% CI, 0.91–1.51, for every 10 years since quitting).
Conclusions: We observed complex associations between smoking and melanoma, with some suggestion that former smokers had lower risks than never or current smokers. The apparent inverse association among former smokers may be due to residual confounding, although surveillance bias or biological effects cannot be excluded entirely.
Impact: Smoking does not increase the risk of cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(8); 874–81. ©2018 AACR.
X‐Ray Exposure in Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Retrospective Analysis in 8150 Patients Over 7 Years of Activity in a Modern, Large‐Volume Laboratory
Authors: Casella Michela , Dello Russo Antonio , Russo Eleonora , Catto Valentina , Pizzamiglio Francesca , Zucchetti Martina , Majocchi Benedetta , Riva Stefania , Vettor Giulia , Dessanai Maria Antonietta , Fassini Gaetano , Moltrasio Massimo , Tundo Fabrizio , Vignati Carlo , Conti Sergio , Bonomi Alice , Carbucicchio Corrado , Di Biase Luigi , Natale Andrea , Tondo Claudio 
Published: May 2018

Background
Only a few studies have systematically evaluated fluoroscopy data of electrophysiological and device implantation procedures. Aims of this study were to quantify ionizing radiation exposure for electrophysiological/device implantation procedures in a large series of patients and to analyze the x‐ray exposure trend over years and radiation exposure in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation considering different technical aspects.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective analysis of all electrophysiological/device implantation procedures performed during the past 7 years in a modern, large‐volume laboratory. We reported complete fluoroscopy data on 8150 electrophysiological/device implantation procedures (6095 electrophysiological and 2055 device implantation procedures); for each type of procedure, effective dose and lifetime attributable risk of cancer incidence and mortality were calculated. Over the 7‐year period, we observed a significant trend reduction in fluoroscopy time, dose area product, and effective dose for all electrophysiological procedures (
P
<0.001) and a not statistically significant trend reduction for device implantation procedures. Analyzing 2416 atrial fibrillation ablations, we observed a significant variability of fluoroscopy time, dose area product and effective dose among 7 different experienced operators (
P
<0.0001) and a significant reduction of fluoroscopy use over time (
P
<0.0001) for all of them. Considering atrial fibrillation ablation techniques, fluoroscopy time was not different (
P
= 0.74) for radiofrequency catheter ablation in comparison with cryoablation, though cryoablation was still associated with higher dose area product and effective dose values (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Electrophysiological procedures involve a nonnegligible x‐ray use, leading to an increased risk of malignancy. Awareness of radiation‐related risk, together with technological advances, can successfully optimize fluoroscopy use.
Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Aged ≤70 Years With Intravenous Glyburide From the Phase II GAMES-RP Study of Large Hemispheric Infarction
Authors: Sheth Kevin N. , Petersen Nils H. , Cheung Ken , Elm Jordan J. , Hinson Holly E. , Molyneaux Bradley J. , Beslow Lauren A. , Sze Gordon K. , Simard J. Marc , Kimberly W. Taylor 
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose—
We aimed to determine whether subjects aged ≤70 years who were treated with intravenous glyburide (RP-1127; BIIB093; glibenclamide) would have better long-term outcomes than those who received placebo.

Methods—

GAMES-RP (Glyburide Advantage in Malignant Edema and Stroke–Remedy Pharmaceuticals) was a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial. Eighty-six participants, aged 18 to 80 years, who presented to 18 centers with large hemispheric infarction (baseline diffusion-weighted imaging volumes, 82–300 cm
3
) randomized within 10 hours of symptom onset were enrolled. In the current exploratory analysis, we included participants aged ≤70 years treated with intravenous glyburide (n=35) or placebo (n=30) who met per-protocol criteria. Intravenous glyburide or placebo was administered in a 1:1 ratio. We analyzed 90-day and 12-month mortality, functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale, Barthel Index), and quality of life (EuroQol group 5-dimension). Additional outcomes assessed included blood–brain barrier injury (MMP-9 [matrix metalloproteinase 9]) and cerebral edema (brain midline shift).

Results—

Participants ≤70 years of age treated with intravenous glyburide had lower mortality at all time points (log-rank for survival hazards ratio, 0.34;
P
=0.04). After adjustment for age, the difference in functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale) demonstrated a trend toward benefit for intravenous glyburide-treated subjects at 90 days (odds ratio, 2.31;
P
=0.07). Repeated measures analysis at 90 days, 6 months, and 12 months using generalized estimating equations showed a significant treatment effect of intravenous glyburide on the Barthel Index (
P
=0.03) and EuroQol group 5-dimension (
P
=0.05). Participants treated with intravenous glyburide had lower plasma levels of MMP-9 (189 versus 376 ng/mL;
P
<0.001) and decreased midline shift (4.7 versus 9 mm;
P
<0.001) compared with participants who received placebo.

Conclusions—
In this exploratory analysis, participants ≤70 years of age with large hemispheric infarction have improved survival after acute therapy with intravenous glyburide.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01794182.
“A Dream Carries Much Implication”
Authors: Baker Robin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Commentators have long been divided in appraising Gideon. Some consider him an outstanding champion of Yahweh’s cause. Others judge him as, at best, flawed, at worst a vainglorious manipulator who corrupted Israel’s relationship with Yahweh and weakened her hold on the Promised Land. Despite abundant commentary on Gideon, the Midianite’s dream has attracted little specific exegetical attention beyond recognition that, on hearing its interpretation, Gideon was transformed. Yet it must surely rank as one of the most remarkable episodes in Judges. This study considers the dream’s hermeneutical function in illuminating Gideon’s character and changing relationship with Yahweh. It examines the dream’s place in the Gideon narrative and explores the meaning of its symbolism for the writer’s time and readership. It demonstrates that the narrative’s structure, and the dream’s place within it, were carefully planned and crucial to its interpretation. Finally, it analyses heuristic literary devices used in the narrative.
Of Gods and Kings: The Case for Reading “Milcom” in Zephaniah 1:5bβ
Authors: Werse Nicholas R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Manuscript evidence disagrees between reading the final word in Zeph 1:5 as meaning “their king,” “Molech,” or “Milcom.” The affinity of these three readings with the MT consonantal text, combined with the lack of agreement among the manuscript evidence, allows for plausible arguments supporting each of these readings. A majority of commentators conclude that this entity must refer to a deity, but disagree on which manuscript tradition to follow. The present essay surveys each of these readings, arguing that “Milcom” best fits the literary context and syntax patterns in Zeph 1:5bβ. This essay examines comparable text-critical difficulties in 2 Sam 12:30; 1 Chr 20:2; 1 Kgs 11:7; Jer 49:1, 3; and Amos 5:26, concluding that similar examples of the MT reinterpreting the name “Milcom” as “their king” occur in Jer 49:1, 3.
Spatial Characteristics of Rain Fields Associated with Tropical Cyclones Landfalling over the Western Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea
Authors: Zhou Yao , Matyas Corene J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe western Gulf Coast and Caribbean coast are regions that are highly vulnerable to precipitation associated with tropical cyclones (TCs). Defining the spatial dimensions of TC rain fields helps determine the timing and duration of rainfall for a given location. Therefore, this study measured the area, dispersion, and displacement of light and moderate rain fields associated with 35 TCs making landfalls in this region and explored conditions contributing to their spatial variability. The spatial patterns of satellite-estimated rain rates are determined through hot spot analysis. Rainfall coverage is largest as TCs approach the western Caribbean coast, and smaller as TCs move over the Gulf of Mexico (GM) after making landfall over the Yucatan Peninsula. The rain fields are displaced eastward and northward over the western and central Caribbean Sea and the central GM. Rainfall fields have more displacement toward the west and south, which is over land, when TCs move over the southern GM, possibly as a result of the influence of Central American gyres. The area and dispersion of rainfall are significantly correlated with storm intensity and total precipitable water. The displacement of rainfall is significantly correlated with vertical wind shear. Over the Bay of Campeche, TC precipitation extends westward, which may be related to the convergence of moisture above the boundary layer from the Pacific Ocean and near-surface convergence enhanced by land. Additionally, half of the storms produce rainfall over land about 48 h before landfall. TCs may produce light rainfall over land for more than 72 h in this region.