bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolismo en las grandes alturas
Authors: Gonzales Gustavo 
Published: June 2018

El vivir en las grandes alturas, significa someterse a un medio donde predomina una baja presión de oxígeno. Ante tal situación el organismo responde de diversas formas para obtener una adaptación metabólica a este medio hipóxico. Estas respuestas pueden ser diferentes de acuerdo a la magnitud de la hipoxia.En la presente revisión se ha tratado de resumir los trabajos sobre metabolismo en el nativo de la altura, que han realizado diversos investigadores del país y del extranjero, y se ha tratado de explicar en lo posible, las diferencias observadas con respecto a la del nativo de nivel del mar. Los resultados demuestran diferencias metabólicas en el nativo de la altura, que están relacionadas principalmente al metabolismo intermedio.
Study on Antimicrobial Potential of Selected Non-antibiotics and its Interaction with Conventional Antibiotics
Authors: Michael Hadera  , Selam Mehari  , N. Saleem Basha  , Nebyu D. Amha  , Yacob Berhane  
Published: June 2018

The escalating levels of antimicrobial drug resistance render it indispensable to explore newer drugs with lesser degrees of toxicity and with fewer chances of developing resistance. Various studies on the discovery of novel antimicrobials have found different degrees of antimicrobial activity in commonly used medicines with diverse pharmacological actions i.e., non-antibiotics. The present work aimed to describe qualitatively and quantitatively in vitro antimicrobial activity of selected non-antibiotic drugs i.e., Acetyl salicylic acid, Methyldopa, Propranolol and Fluoxetine alone and in combination with three conventional antimicrobial drugs i.e., Ciprofloxacin, Benzyl penicillin, and Fluconazole against three standard test microorganisms, i.e., E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. Agar well diffusion method was used for testing antimicrobial sensitivity, while the drug interaction was estimated using fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC index) obtained from checkerboard broth dilution method. All the four non-antibiotics tested for antimicrobial activity showed activity against at least one tested microorganism, whereas fluoxetine showed antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms. Combined effect of fluconazole + fluoxetine and fluconazole + propranolol against C. albicans showed synergistic activity based on the FICindex value obtained i.e., 0.25 and 0.1875, respectively. Based on the results, study suggests that fluoxetine among the other non-antibiotics has a potential for being developed into an effective antimicrobial agent. However, the study needs to be extended in the future to determine the in vivo antimicrobial activity.
Alterations in Zeta Potential and Osmotic Fragility of Red Blood Cells in Hyperglycemic Conditions
Authors: Swati S. Gaikwad  , Megha N. Karemore  , Jasmine G. Avari  
Published: June 2018

The zeta potential is an electrokinetic property of red blood cells surface and in different disease conditions this property of the erythrocytes varies. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the alteration in zeta potential, lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in hyperglycemic conditions. The zeta potential of the RBCs was measured using Zeta meter System 4.0. Lipid peroxidation, an indicator of tissue injury induced by reactive oxygen species was measured by the thiobarbituric acid assay (TBA). The percent haemolysis in terms of osmotic fragility was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (JASCO). The mean erythrocytic ZP of the control group was found to be 22.13±0.2789 mV whereas, erythrocytic ZP for diabetes mellitus patients was found to be 8.559±0.4864 mV. Similarly, when erythrocytic ZP of control pregnant women was measured, and it was found to be 21.07±0.3393 mV which were slightly lower than a control group. Mean ZP of GDM patients was found to be 10.12±0.2294 mV which was significantly less than both control group and pregnant control group. Variations in zeta potential values were accompanied by increased osmotic fragility of RBCs. It was also observed from determination of lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes, that there was formation of higher concentration of malondialdehyde with the erythrocytes of hyperglycemic patients compared to control group. The findings suggest that the zeta potential value of erythrocytes can act as a key indicator for demonstration of increased oxidative stress.
Essential Amino Acid Supplementation Mitigates Muscle Atrophy After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Dreyer Hans C. , Owen Erin C. , Strycker Lisa A. , Smolkowski Keith , Muyskens Jonathan B. , Kirkpatrick Tessa K. , Christie Anita D. , Kuehl Kerry S. , Lantz Brick A. , Shah Steven N. , Mohler Craig G. , Jewett Brian A. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Substantial muscle atrophy occurs after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), resulting in decreased strength and impaired mobility. We sought to determine whether perioperative supplementation with essential amino acids (EAA) would attenuate muscle atrophy following TKA and whether the supplements were safe for ingestion in an older surgical population.

Methods:
We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of 39 adults (age range, 53 to 76 years) undergoing primary unilateral TKA who ingested 20 g of EAA (n = 19) or placebo (n = 20) twice daily for 7 days preoperatively and for 6 weeks postoperatively. At baseline and 6 weeks postoperatively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained to measure quadriceps and hamstrings muscle volume. Secondary outcomes included functional mobility and strength. Data on physical activity, diet, and patient-reported outcomes (Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) were collected. Safety was determined through blood tests evaluating blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatinine clearance, homocysteine, and renal and liver function. Laboratory values at baseline, on the day of surgery, and at 2 days, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks postoperatively were compared between treatment groups. Analysis of covariance models, with baseline values as covariates, were used to evaluate outcomes between treatment groups. P values were adjusted for multiple tests.

Results:
Compared with baseline, the EAA group had significantly less decrease in mean quadriceps muscle volume compared with the placebo group in the involved leg (−8.5% ± 2.5% compared with −13.4% ± 1.9%; p = 0.033) and the contralateral leg (−1.5% ± 1.6% compared with −7.2% ± 1.4%; p = 0.014). The hamstrings also demonstrated a greater muscle-volume-sparing effect for the EAA group than for the placebo group in the involved leg (−7.4% ± 2.0% compared with −12.2% ± 1.4%; p = 0.036) and contralateral leg (−2.1% ± 1.3% compared with −7.5% ± 1.5%; p = 0.005). There were no differences between the groups in terms of functional measures or strength. Blood chemistry values varied significantly between assessments periods but did not statistically differ between groups.

Conclusions:
The results of the present study suggest that EAA supplementation is safe and reduces the loss of muscle volume in older adults recovering from TKA.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Optimal rainwater tank design for control of particulate contaminants
Authors: Won Yusik , Han Mooyoung , Park Hyunju , Kim Mikyeong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRainwater systems, which collect rainfall from the roof surface, are an attractive alternative technology, and one of the cleanest water resources. Microorganisms can be treated by disinfection processes or by inducing a biofilm, but particulate matter can only be easily removed with effective storage tank design parameters. In this study, therefore, the effects of rainwater tank design parameters on the treatment of particulate contaminants are analyzed. The J-type inlet pipe seems to maintain stable rainwater quality by suppressing the resuspension of bottom sediments during rainfall inflow. The intermediate wall can prevent sediment from spreading to the whole storage tank, and provide functions such as securing the stable water quality of the outflow area and managing sediment flow to the inflow region. The baffles can simplify tank management such as sediment drainage and tank cleaning by leading to more sedimentation of particles in the unit area. Based on the water quality monitoring results of pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), and turbidity at the field scale, it is possible to supply a certain quality of water by optimizing tank design parameters alone even if particulate contaminants flow into the rainwater tank.
Degradation of textile dyes Remazol Yellow Gold and reactive Turquoise: optimization, toxicity and modeling by artificial neural networks
Authors: do Nascimento Graziele Elisandra , Napoleão Daniella Carla , da Rocha Santana Rayany Magali , Charamba Lívia Vieira Carlini , de Oliveira Julierme Gomes Correia , de Moura Maiara Celine , Coelho Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso , Duarte Marta Maria Menezes Bezerra 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this work, the degradation of Remazol Yellow Gold RNL-150% and Reactive Turquoise Q-G125 were investigated using AOP: photolysis, UV/H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton. It was found that the photo-Fenton process employing sunlight radiation was the most efficient, obtaining percentages of degradation above 87%. The ideal conditions for the degradation of the dyes were determined from a factorial design 23 and study of the [H2O2] ([H2O2] equal to 100 mg·L−1); [Fe] equal to 1 mg·L−1 and pH between 3 and 4. In the kinetic study, a degradation of more than 97% was obtained after 150 min for the chromophoric groups and 91% for the aromatic compounds. The experimental data obtained presented a good fit to the nonlinear kinetic model. The model of artificial neural networks multilayer perceptron (MLP) (4-11-5) using the software Statistica 8.0 enabled the modeling of the degradation process and showed a better prediction of the data. The toxicity to the seeds of Lactuca sativa and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis allowed to evaluate the effectiveness of the process. The results of this study suggest that the use of photo-Fenton process with sunlight radiation is an effective way to degrade the dyes under study.
Interplay between the APOE Genotype and Possible Plasma Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zverova Martina , Kitzlerova Eva , Fisar Zdenek , Jirak Roman , Hroudova Jana , Benakova Hana , Lelkova Petra , Martasek Pavel , Raboch Jiri 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a
complex pathogenesis and a common occurrence of comorbid diseases such as depression. It is accepted
that the presence of the ε4 allele of the gene that encodes apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest genetic
risk factor for the development of sporadic AD. Melatonin, cortisol, homocysteine, and prolactin
are presumed to be risk factors or biomarkers for stress- and age-related disorders.

Objective:
The interplay between the APOE genotype and plasma biomarkers was examined in patients
with AD presenting with or without depression to contribute to understanding the interdependence of
various molecular mechanisms in the pathophysiology of AD.

Method:
The APOE genotype and morning plasma melatonin, cortisol, homocysteine, and prolactin
concentrations were measured in 85 patients with AD and 44 elderly controls.

Results:
A significant association between AD and the allele (ε4) or genotype (ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4) frequencies
of APOE was confirmed. Plasma homocysteine and cortisol levels were significantly increased in
patients with AD compared to those in controls, independent of the presence of comorbid depressive
symptoms or the severity of dementia. Significantly lower plasma melatonin concentration was found in
patients with AD but not in controls, who were noncarriers of the APOE ε4 allele, regardless of the presence
of depression or the severity of dementia in AD.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate the existence of a little-known specific APOE-mediated mechanism
that increases the plasma melatonin level in a subgroup of patients with AD who are carriers of the
APOE ε4 allele.
Spatial Analysis to Identify Pedestrian Crash Zones: A Case Study of School Zones in Thailand
Authors: Bunnarong Somluk , Upala Prapatpong 
Published: June 2018

Background:In Thailand, it has the second highest road traffic fatality rate in the world at 36.2 deaths per 100,000 populations. The pedestrian crash zones are based on the road and physical environment, vehicle and driver behavior and pedestrian behavior, especially the area around the school. Therefore, this paper would like to improve safety by identifying crash area through Geographic Information Systems (GIS).Objective:The objective of this paper is to identify pedestrian crash zones of primary schools and secondary schools in Bangkok, Thailand through the spatial analysis and GIS tool.Method:The research methodology was the data collection from pedestrian-vehicle crashes in 2016 at 12 schools of 1,218 locations in Bangkok. The data analysis used GIS for geocoding the crash locations. The spatial patterns and pedestrian crash zone map were applied by Moran’s I statistic and the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE).Results:The Moran’s index showed that the accident locations within school zone were a clustered pattern considering on Moran’s Index which approached +1 and the z-scores greater than 2.58. The KDE showed that the pedestrian crash zones were different depending on the physical environment; however, the most significant areas were at urban areas, crowded areas, and intersections of arterial roads and local roads about 508 meters from the school center.Conclusion:This research could be concluded that the spatial patterns and pedestrian crash zone map will assist the transportation planners and traffic police for identifying crash locations and specific vulnerable road users, especially pedestrians and bicycle users.
Environmental Degradation in the Ikorodu Sub-Urban Lagos - Lagoon Coastal Environment, Nigeria
Authors: Odunuga Shakirudeen , Udofia Samuel , Osho Opeyemi Esther , Adegun Olubunmi 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:Human activities exert great pressures on the environment which in turn cause environmental stresses of various intensities depending on the factors involved and the sensitivity of the receiving environment.Objective:This study examines the effects of anthropogenic activities along the sub-urban lagoon fragile coastal ecosystem using DPSIR framework.Results:The results show that the study area has undergone a tremendous change between 1964 and 2015 with the built up area increasing to about 1,080 ha (17.87%) in 2015 from 224 ha (1.32%) in 1964 at an average growth rate of 16.78ha per annum. The nature of the degradation includes an increasing fragility of the ecosystem through the emergence and expansion of wetlands, flooding and erosion as well as a reduction in the benefits from the ecosystem services. Population growth, between 2006 and 2015 for Ikorodu LGA, estimated at 8.84% per annum serves as the most important driving force in reducing the quality of the environment. This is in addition to Pressures emanating from anthropogenic activities. The state of the environment shows continuous resource exploitation (fishing and sand mining) with the impacts of the pressures coming from water pollution, bank erosion, biodiversity loss and flooding. Although there has been a strong policy formulation response from the government, weak implementation is a major challenge.Recommendation:The study recommends public awareness campaigns and the implementation of existing policies to ensure a sustainable sub-urban lagoon coastal environment..
La teoría general de la información en la arquitectura. El error en la villa Moller, la casa Track y el Palacio municipal de deportes de Huesca
Authors: García Triviño Francisco , Psegiannaki Katerina 
Published: June 2018

<p>Al contrario de como nació la teoría general de la información, el error forma parte de la comunicación. El denominado “colegio invisible” (Escuela de Palo Alto) pone de manifiesto cómo la eliminación de los errores para conseguir el isomorfismo del mensaje está en perjuicio de la comunicación que se establece. El artículo aplica esta teoría de la comunicación a la arquitectura. Muestra, a través de tres historias de arquitecturas conocidas, cómo los errores han sido decisivos, inseparables del mensaje final del proyecto.</p>
Errores concretos, o la magia de los cascarones
Authors: González Pendás María 
Published: June 2018

<p>El error ha jugado un papel particularmente importante en el desarrollo de las tecnologías estructurales y constructivas del concreto, material cuya dimensión estética y mediática también ha permitido explotar el fallo desde su significado etimológico más sugerente, es decir, desde el del engaño o engatusamiento, a través de artimañas de lo visual propias de los mejores trucos de magia. Este artículo revela lo fundamental del error en la magia que sustentó a una de las arquitecturas de concreto más reconocidas y exitosas de la modernidad: los cascarones que Félix Candela realizó con su compañía constructora Cubiertas Ala a mediados del siglo xx. A partir de los dos errores más estrepitosos que sufrió Cubiertas Ala en sus dos décadas de vida: el colapso parcial de uno de los cascarones en construcción y el colapso financiero de la empresa, este artículo ofrece una nueva crítica histórica —y no matemática— de los cascarones, revelando lo fundamental del error cotidiano y encarnado en sus procesos de producción.</p>
1949: Ciudad de México interpretada
Authors: Escudero Alejandrina 
Published: June 2018

<p>Durante el año de 1949, se llevaron a cabo dos acontecimientos relacionados con la Ciudad de México y su representación plástica: un concurso-exposición, organizado por el diario capitalino Excélsior, que convocaba a los pintores a interpretar la urbe de su momento; y el álbum editado por el crítico de arte Jorge Juan Crespo de la Serna, en el cual reunía obras de cinco pintores que participaron en dicho concurso. El propósito de este artículo es dar a conocer esos eventos excepcionales, que reunieron más de 250 pinturas y que abordaron todos los aspectos de la urbe de medio siglo xx.</p>
El señor de las antinomias
Authors: López Mills Tedi 
Published: June 2018

<p>Un arquitecto sin obra visible, visitable, con un archivero lleno de planos y proyectos a gran escala es una anomalía y representa un problema: ¿cómo e, incluso, por qué darlo a conocer? En su historia hay una casa o, más bien, fotos de una casa que él construyó a principios de los años cincuenta del siglo pasado en Lomas de Bezares. La casa, de una sola habitación y fabricada con materiales autóctonos, se hizo moderadamente célebre. Figura, por ejemplo, en el libro Mexico’s Modern Architecture de I. E. Myers, publicado en 1952; la breve nota que acompaña las imágenes expuestas en dos páginas menciona el piso de losas de concreto, la ausencia de muros interiores, el empleo de fibra de coco para aislar, el techo de asbesto corrugado (ahora estaría proscrito) y el pequeño mural pintado por el arquitecto en medio de la extensa vidriera que da al exterior. En 1952, apareció un artículo en Los Angeles Times: “A House for $1 500”. El propósito del arquitecto, se lee ahí, era evitar el empleo de materiales importados. Los muros externos se erigieron con la tierra que se extrajo al excavar el lote, mezclada con cemento y cal. El costo total de la casa —incluyendo los muebles que se diseñaron específicamente para ese espacio— fue de 13 500 pesos. Hay una foto de la terraza: parece suspendida encima de un hueco que habrá sido el zaguán. En las laderas de la loma sobresalen los magueyes entre las piedras. Algunas de las alacenas dentro de la casa colgaban del techo y un armario era lo que separaba la recámara de la sala y la cocina.</p>
Especificidades do mestrado profissional
Authors: Sobral João Eduardo Chagas , De Sá Cavalcanti Anna Luiza Moraes 
Published: June 2018

Este artigo se refere a palestra realizada durante o evento “Encontro de Pós-Graduação em Design – Cenários e Perspectivas” realizado na sede da ESPM-Rio em outubro de 2017. Nesse encontro foi oportunamente tratado sobre as características inerentes aos programas profissionais na pós-graduação brasileira. O artigo manteve o mesmo título da apresentação: “Especificidades do mestrado profissional”. De forma coerente à exposição, procurou-se contextualizar o ensino profissional no Brasil, caracteriza-lo e abordar os desafios dos programas profissionalizantes no âmbito do stricto sensu, propondo uma reflexão sobre a origem, a trajetória, as dificuldades enfrentadas e os desafios para o futuro. Discorre sobre as leis e ações que possibilitam e incentivam esses programas, assim como as principais dificuldades apresentadas pelas universidades na manutenção dos mesmos, e o que tem sido feito para enfrentar o paradigma que manteve até então a divisão entre o mundo acadêmico e o do setor produtivo. Palavras chaves: Ensino Profissionalizante no Stricto Sensu; Programas profissionais em Design; Ensino Profissionalizante e Pesquisa Aplicada
Um breve panorama da pesquisa em ergonomia no Brasil e algumas reflexões
Authors: Guimarães Lia Buarque de Macedo 
Published: June 2018

Este artigo apresenta um resumo e reflexões sobre o estudo de Guimarães et al. (2016) quanto àsobr produção acadêmica (teses e dissertações) bBrasileira em ergonomia entre 1987 e 2012, disponível no banco de teses da plataforma CAPESapes/MEC em 2013. . O universo analisado foi de 796 publicaçõesresumos de 165 teses de doutorado, 506 dissertações de mestrado acadêmico e 125 dissertações de mestrado profissional que foram classificadoas pelo foco e tipo de abordagem do estudo. A abordagem de 58,2% dos trabalhos são do tipo “diagnóstico” (sem recomendações ou com recomendações genéricas) principalmente em processo; 22,1% são “comparação ou proposta de métodos”; 9,9% são “diagnóstico com recomendação” principalmente de produto; 7,5% são “projeto completo” principalmente de produto; 1,3% são “produção de dados de base”; 0,6% são “perfil profissional”; e 0,4% são de “revisão de literatura”. Os : (1) apenas diagnóstico; (2) diagnóstico com recomendações; (3) projetos completos; (4) produção de dados de base; (5) comparação ou proposta de métodos; (6) perfil profissional; e (7) revisão de literatura. Também foi avaliado o foco (se em processo, produto ou interface) das publicações. Um total de, sendo que 35 delas são sobre produto, e apenas 14 referem-se a um projeto ergonômico completo. A avaliação por área (Arquitetura, Design, Engenharia, Engenharia de Produção, Saúde e Outros) mostrou que a área de Engenharia de Produção tem o maior número de publicações (25%), estudando principalmente processos, seguida da área de Design (16%), focando principalmente em produto e dados de baA pesquisa mostrou que muitos resumos não trazem as informações mínimas (objetivo claro, principais resultados e aplicações) necessárias para despertar o interesse na leitura do texto e, servir de referência para outras 68,1% de diagnósticos disponíveis poderiam ser a base de outros estudos, aumentando o número de projetos completos, principalmente em processo (que representou apublicaçõpenas 1,76% dos 796 estudos), para atingir a meta maior da ergonomia: a otimização do trabalho e produtividade. Mas muitos resumos não trazem as informações mínimas (objetivo claro, principais resultados e aplicações) necessárias para despertar o interesse na leitura do texto na íntegra, e servir de referência para outros estudos. Poucas publicações foram geradas dos trabalhos das 5 instituições com maior produção, 51,1% tendo sido veiculadas em anais de congressos nacionais. Para que haja continuidade das pesquisas, propõe-se a criação de uma plataforma on line para fortalecer o intercâmbio entre instituições, que devem facilitar a disponibilização dos trabalhos e incentivar sua publicação.