bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crack Arrest Behavior of Pressure Vessel Plates and Weldments as Influenced by Radiation and Copper Content
Authors: Marschall Charles W. , Rosenfield Alan R. , Landow Mark P. , Mager Thomas R. , Lott Randy G. , Tagart Samuel W. 
Published: February 2018

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the effects of fast-neutron irradiation on the crack-arrest behavior and other mechanical properties of four reactor-pressure-vessel materials, including both plates and weldments. Two of the materials were typical of early melting and welding practices and had copper contents of at least 0.20% by weight. The other two materials were typical of current melting and welding practices and had copper contents of no greater than 0.07% by weight. The principal objectives of the study were to: (1) determine the pre- and post-irradiation static crack-arrest toughness (KIa), and (2) evaluate and improve procedures for estimating radiation effects on KIa.
As was expected, irradiation of the higher copper materials to a neutron fluence of about 1.5 × 1019 neutrons (n)/cm2 (E ≥ 1 MeV) at 288°C produced relatively large increases in yield strength, Charpy V-notch transition temperature, and Jïia transition temperature, and sizable decreases in Charpy upper-shelf energy and 7ic values. For the lower copper materials, the effects of radiation on the preceding properties were more modest and no lowering of the Charpy upper-shelf energy was observed. Of various Charpy transition parameters examined, the radiation-induced shift in fracture-appearance transition temperature (FATT) provided the closest correlation with the observed shift in the KIa, transition curve— within 10°C for the high copper materials. Various empirical expressions to estimate radiation effects likewise were compared with observed shifts in the KIa transition curve. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 1.99 equation tended to overestimate the effect of radiation on the KIa transition, particularly at the higher copper levels, where the overestimate ranged from 55 to 80°C. The Metals Property Council (MPC) trend curve, on the other hand, while slightly nonconservative for low-copper materials, provided a reasonable, but conservative, estimate of the effect of radiation on the KIa-transition-curve shift for the higher-copper materials—within 20°C of that observed.
Based on these results, it appears that Regulatory Guide 1.99 is overly conservative in estimating radiation effects on the crack-arrest behavior of higher copper plates and weldments. Estimates of the KIa-transition-curve shift based on the Charpy FATT shift or on the MPC trend curve were found to be 45 to 70°C less conservative than were Regulatory Guide 1.99 estimates. Use of either of the more realistic estimation procedures would improve the ability to predict the arrest depth of a rapidly propagating crack in an irradiated pressure vessel.
Fracture Toughness Characterization of Irradiated Low Upper-Shelf Welds
Authors: Hiser Allen L. , Loss Frank J. , Menke Blaine H. 
Published: February 2018

Some welds made with Linde 80 flux and containing a high copper impurity level have exhibited postirradiation Charpy upper-shelf energy levels below 68 J (50 ft · lb). The J-R curve behavior of seven such low upper-shelf welds has been characterized in the ductile upper-shelf regime in both the preirradiation and the postirradiation conditions with fluences of ~1 × 1019 neutrons (n)/cm2 (E &gt; 1 MeV). With the single specimen compliance (SSC) technique, these J-R curves were determined from compact toughness (CT) specimens ranging from 12.7 to 101.6-mm thick, over a temperature range of 75°C to 288°C.
For these reactor vessel steels exhibiting low upper-shelf energy levels, the J-R curves were shown to follow a power-law relationship for small crack extensions, that is, less than 2 mm. In some cases, a possible size dependence of the J-R curve has been seen, but the results are inconclusive on this point.
Correlations between J-R curve parameters (JIc and average value of tearing modulus, Tavg) and Cv upper-shelf energy have been suggested at 200°C. These findings could enhance the significance of Cv reactor surveillance data with respect to structural integrity. However, JIc and Tavg have demonstrated an inverse relationship with temperature that is not reflected by the Cv upper-shelf trend. Therefore, correlations between Cv energy and J-R curve must be adjusted to account for temperature.
ÇİĞDEM (CROCUS BİFLORUS) YUMRULARINDAN PROTEAZ ENZİMİNİN SAFLAŞTIRILMASI VE SAFLAŞTIRILAN ENZİMİN KAZEİNİN KOAGÜLASYONUNDA KULLANILABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: YILDIRIM ÇELİK Safinur 
Published: February 2018

Son yıllarda, hayvanlardan insanlara geçen bazı
hastalıklarda (SARS, deli dana, domuz ve kuş gribi) artış olduğu bilinmektedir.
Tüketicilerde, hayvansal proteazların gıda maddesi yapımında kullanımı bu
hastalıkların kendilerine bulaşacağına dair endişelere yol açmaktadır. Bu
nedenlerden dolayı bitkisel kaynaklı ürünlere bir talep artışı olmuştur. Ticari olarak satılan enzimlerin ise sadece
az bir kısmının bitkisel kaynaklı olması, araştırmacıları ticari olarak da
kullanılabilecek yeni bitkisel proteaz kaynakları aramaya sevk etmiştir. Bu
çalışmada, ilk kez çiğdem (Crocus biflorus) yumrularından proteaz enzimi
saflaştırılmış ve bazı karakteristik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Enzim, amonyum
sülfat çöktürmesi ve iyon değişim kromatografisi ile 86 kat saflaştırılmıştır.
Proteaz enziminin optimum pH’sı 5.5 ve optimum sıcaklığı 50oC olarak
bulunmuştur. Vmax ve KM değerleri ise sırasıyla 47
mg/L.dak ve 0.9 g/L olarak hesaplanmıştır. Enzimin molekül ağırlığı SDS-PAGE
ile 35 kDa olarak hesaplanmıştır. Saflaştırılan enzimin, peynir yapımının ilk
basamağı olan kazeinin koagülasyonu işlemlerinde kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Use of acetazolamide in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: a case report
Authors: Macau Ricardo A , da Silva Tiago Nunes , Silva Joana Rego , Ferreira Ana Gonçalves , Bravo Pedro 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (Li-NDI) is a rare and difficult-to-treat condition. A study in mice and two recent papers describe the use of acetazolamide in Li-NDI in 7 patients (a case report and a 6 patient series). We describe the case of a 63-year-old woman with bipolar disorder treated with lithium and no previous history of diabetes insipidus. She was hospitalized due to a bowel obstruction and developed severe dehydration after surgery when she was water deprived. After desmopressin administration and unsuccessful thiazide and amiloride treatment, acetazolamide was administrated to control polyuria and hydroelectrolytic disorders without significant side effects. To our knowledge, this is the third publication on acetazolamide use in Li-NDI patients.

Learning points:

Treatment of lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus might be challenging.

Vasopressin, amiloride and thiazide diuretics have been used in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus treatment.

Acetazolamide might be an option to treat lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus patients who fail to respond to standard treatment.

The use of acetazolamide in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus must be monitored, including its effects on glomerular filtration rate.
Severe bilateral adrenal hemorrhages in a newborn complicated by persistent adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Zessis Nicholas R , Nicholas Jennifer L , Stone Stephen I 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Bilateral adrenal hemorrhages rarely occur during the neonatal period and are often associated with traumatic vaginal deliveries. However, the adrenal gland has highly regenerative capabilities and adrenal insufficiency typically resolves over time. We evaluated a newborn female after experiencing fetal macrosomia and a traumatic vaginal delivery. She developed acidosis and acute renal injury. Large adrenal hemorrhages were noted bilaterally on ultrasound, and she was diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency based on characteristic electrolyte changes and a low cortisol (4.2 µg/dL). On follow-up testing, this patient was unable to be weaned off of hydrocortisone or fludrocortisone despite resolution of hemorrhages on ultrasound. Providers should consider bilateral adrenal hemorrhage when evaluating critically ill neonates after a traumatic delivery. In extreme cases, this may be a persistent process.

Learning points:

Risk factors for adrenal hemorrhage include fetal macrosomia, traumatic vaginal delivery and critical acidemia.

Signs of adrenal hemorrhage include jaundice, flank mass, skin discoloration or scrotal hematoma.

Adrenal insufficiency often is a transient process when related to adrenal hemorrhage.

Severe adrenal hemorrhages can occur in the absence of symptoms.

Though rare, persistent adrenal insufficiency may occur in extremely severe cases of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage.

Consider adrenal hemorrhage when evaluating a neonate for shock in the absence of an infectious etiology.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Children With Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Reeves Sarah L. , Tribble Alison C. , Madden Brian , Freed Gary L. , Dombkowski Kevin J. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND:Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease; antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduces this risk. We calculated the proportion of children with SCA who received ≥300 days of antibiotic prophylaxis and identified predictors of such receipt.METHODS:Children aged 3 months to 5 years with SCA were identified by the presence of 3 or more Medicaid claims with a diagnosis of SCA within a calendar year (2005–2012) in Florida, Illinois, Louisiana, Michigan, South Carolina, and Texas. Receipt of antibiotics was identified through claims for filled prescriptions. The outcome, receipt of ≥300 days of antibiotics, was assessed annually by using varying classifications of antibiotics. By using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations, we estimated the odds of receiving ≥300 days of antibiotics, with potential predictors of age, sex, year, state, and health services use.RESULTS:A total of 2821 children contributed 5014 person-years. Overall, only 18% of children received ≥300 days of antibiotics. Each additional sickle cell disease-related outpatient visit (odds ratio = 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.02) and well-child visit (odds ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.13) was associated with incrementally increased odds of receiving ≥300 days of antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS:Despite national recommendations and proven lifesaving benefit, antibiotic prophylaxis rates are low among children with SCA. Numerous health care encounters may offer an opportunity for intervention; in addition, such interventions likely need to include social factors that may affect the ability for a child to receive and adhere to antibiotic prophylaxis.
Instagram addiction and the Big Five of personality: The mediating role of self-liking
Authors: Kircaburun Kagan , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: February 2018

Background and aims
Recent research has suggested that social networking site use can be addictive. Although extensive research has been carried out on potential addiction to social networking sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Tinder, only one very small study has previously examined potential addiction to Instagram. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to examine the relationships between personality, self-liking, daily Internet use, and Instagram addiction, as well as exploring the mediating role of self-liking between personality and Instagram addiction using path analysis.

Methods
A total of 752 university students completed a self-report survey, including the Instagram Addiction Scale (IAS), the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and the Self-Liking Scale.

Results
Results indicated that agreeableness, conscientiousness, and self-liking were negatively associated with Instagram addiction, whereas daily Internet use was positively associated with Instagram addiction. The results also showed that self-liking partially mediated the relationship of Instagram addiction with agreeableness and fully mediated the relationship between Instagram addiction with conscientiousness.

Discussion and conclusions
This study contributes to the small body of literature that has examined the relationship between personality and social networking site addiction and is one of only two studies to examine the addictive use of Instagram and the underlying factors related to it.
Decrease of the allergenic activity of foods by shock waves
Authors: Wolff N. , Cogan U. , Zuckerman H. , Karin N. , Levy Y. , E Krasik Y. , Felsteiner J. , Reifen R. , Yannai S. 
Published: February 2018

Food allergy significantly affects the life-quality for many people worldwide and is life-threatening in extreme cases. In recent years the incidence of this disease shows a gradual increase in many countries. It is a well-established fact that common food-processing operations involving heat treatments fail to significantly decrease the allergenic reactivity of foods. Furthermore, allergenic proteins are remarkably resistant to proteolysis by digestive enzymes and often remain intact after passing through the gastrointestinal tract. The tested materials were protein extracts from sesame seeds, milk and peanuts, or isolated proteins from the same sources. Treatments investigated included application of 6 to 10 pulses of high-frequency acoustic shock waves, lasting a few microseconds. The treated samples were tested in vitro by Western blotting with sera from humans diagnosed to be allergic to the food in question, and in vivo by measuring the IgE levels produced in young Brown Norway rats exposed to the tested proteins by sensitisation through i.p. injection, or by feeding for up to 6 weeks, using direct and indirect ELISA. The treatments markedly decreased or completely eliminated the allergenic reactivity of the foods, as evidenced by the assays used.
Factors affecting the formation of reducing compounds from biacetyl
Authors: Jarolímová L. , Rysová J. , Cejpek K. , Velíšek J. 
Published: February 2018

Antioxidative properties go with principal attributes of the Maillard reaction. Biacetyl, a reactive carbonyl intermediate formed in the initial stage of sugar transformations in the presence of amino acids, was found as an efficient precursor of several compounds with significant reducing activity which can act as antioxidants in real food systems. In this work, simple model systems of biacetyl were investigated under different conditions (amino compound involved, concentration, concentration ratio, reaction time, temperature and pH) to gain maximum yield of reducing power. Distribution of reducing power in different fractions of the reaction mixtures characterised by polarity and molecular size was evaluated. The fractionation procedure and HPLC separation step was developed to enable isolation of the major reducing products. Their characterisation was accomplished by use of photodiode-array (UV-VIS spectra) and electrochemical detection (half-wave potentials). The structures of the isolated products having reducing activity were identified by series of MS measurements and by comparison with synthesised standards.
Copper(II)-complexation by non enzymatically glycated peptides
Authors: T Seifert S. , Krause R. , Gloe K. , Henle T. 
Published: February 2018

The purpose of our work was to examine the metal binding abilities of selected peptide bound Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The N<sup>α</sup>-hippuryl-protected MRPs N<sup>ε</sup>-fructoselysine and N<sup>ε</sup>-carboxymethyllysine were synthesised and measurement of stability constants for complexes formed with the physiologically important metal ions copper(II) and zinc(II) was carried out in aqueous solution (T = 298.1 K; I = 0.1M KNO<sub>3</sub>) using pH-potentiometry. The stability constants of N<sup>ε</sup>-fructoselysine and N<sup>ε</sup>-carboxymethyllysine with Cu(II) proved that new coordination centres are formed by the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins. With zinc(II) no complexation was observed. Physiological consequences are discussed, but further studies are necessary in order to clarify the effects of this phenomenon.
Browning reactions between oxidized vegetable oils and amino acids
Authors: Parkányiová J. , B Hutapea E. , Parkányiová L. , Miyahara M. , Sakurai H. , Pokorný J. 
Published: February 2018

Browning of stored food products, not exposed to heat treatment, is generally considered as a negative process. The formation of brown pigments at a temperature close to storage temperatures was followed in mixtures of either free fatty acids or vegetable oils with amino acids, deposited on cellulose fibres. The mixtures were studied at 50°C at free access of oxygen, and the browning process was monitored by reading the absorbance of brown products at 430 nm. Mixtures of free fatty acids and amino acids were turning brown in relation to their unsaturation degree. Mixtures of vegetable oils deposited on cellulose fibres were less coloured than if they were oxidized in presence of amino acids. The rate of browning increased with the degree of unsaturation in case of vegetable oils similarly as in case of free fatty acids. The browning degree was nearly the same in mixtures of oxidized fatty acids or vegetable oils with alanine, valine, lysine, serine or cystine, the browning was intermediate in mixtures with cysteine or methionine, but it was substantially more intensive in mixtures with proline or tryptophan. No significant difference was observed among different oils, but the discolouration was less rapid in case of low unsaturated peanut oil and more rapid in case of highly unsaturated linseed oil. The browning rate increased to a substantial degree with increasing cupric ion content, but decreased after addition of both synthetic and natural antioxidants, which decrease the oxidation rate.
On the significant influence of water on the formation mechanisms of 5-acetyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiazine
Authors: Engel W. , Schieberle P. 
Published: February 2018

The formation of 5-acetyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiazine in Maillard-type reactions of fructose with cysteamine under dry heating and cooking conditions was studied. Labelling experiments with 2-<sup>13</sup>C-fructose revealed, that the formation pathways are completely different, depending on the water content of the mixture. Under dry heating conditions, 5-(1-<sup>13</sup>C-acetyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiazine is formed almost exclusively with the 2-<sup>13</sup>C of fructose found at the carbonyl carbon of the acetyl group. Under cooking conditions, ADHT is mostly unlabelled and most probably formed from erythrulose. Erythrulose might be generated from 2-<sup>13</sup>C-fructose by loss of 1-13C-acetic acid, indicated by the high amount of the latter found in the mixture. A possible mechanism leading from fructose to erythrulose is postulated.
The separation of triacylglycerols using unpolar and medium polar capillary columns
Authors: Zárubová M. , Filip V. , Šmidrkal J. , Kůtek T. , Piska I. 
Published: February 2018

Commercial by supplied triacylglycerols and synthesized triacylglycerols were used in this project. Analysed triacylglycerols with the range of carbon number (CN) 24–54 consisted of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Two capillary columns were used in the analyses of triacylglycerols, namely non-polar (Optima<sup>®</sup>-1-TG) and medium polar (Optima<sup>®</sup>-17-TG) types. In this study the effectiveness of separation (A) of triacylglycerols with different carbon number values, (B) of triacylglycerols with different unsaturation degree, (C) of positional isomers were determined and further possibilities to separate another lipid compounds were analysed. The column Optima<sup>®</sup>-17-TG separates TAG according to the degree of unsaturation while the column Optima<sup>®</sup>-1-TG separates saturated and unsaturated TAG. High temperature capillary gas chromatography was used to determine changes in triacylglycerol composition during the transesterification of structured fats.
Fluorescence spectroscopy for monitoring rapeseed oil upon heating
Authors: A Mas P. , J-R Bouveresse D. , Birlouez-Aragon I. 
Published: February 2018

The aim of this work was to determine the heating effect on the thermo-degradation process of rapeseed oil (RO) by rapid fluorescence method. Reference measurements were carried out by chromatographic methods in order to compare results with those obtained by fluorescence spectroscopy. The main compounds which were monitored are polar compounds and tocopherols. During heating process, two temperatures were used: 171°C and 189°C for 4.5 h. The results have showed that the tocopherol content decreases, especially at the highest temperature, and the polar content increases of 20% at the end of heating. These results are in agreement with literature. PLS model was built in order to predict polar and tocopherol contents. The results obtained from this method were satisfactory.
Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>-dependent activation of Src-Stat3 signal pathway in human lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Nagamine I. , Yano T. , Endoh K. , Yamaki T. , Morimura T. , Miyahara M. , T T Nguyen H. , Pokorný J. , Sakurai H. 
Published: February 2018

Accumulating evidence suggests that overproduction of prostaglandin (PG) E2 attributable to induction of cyclooxygenase-2 plays an important role in the development of lung adenocarcinoma. Recently, we have reported that a PGE2 receptor, EP3 is involved in appearance of malignant phenotype of a lung adenocarcinoma cell (A549 cell). In line with our previous study, here we investigated if Src signaling could be involved in PGE2-stimulated growth of A549 cells via EP3. PGE2-dependent cell growth in A549 cell positively related to the activation of Src. A specific antagonist against EP3 abrogated the cell growth and Src activation in the cells stimulated with PGE2. Also, the inhibition of Src activity suppressed its downstream signaling related to cell growth as well as the cell growth in the cells treated with PGE2. These results indicate that PGE2-dependent activation of Src signaling via EP3 plays an important role in growth of A549 cells.
Comparison of oxidative resistance of traditional and high-oleic peanut oils in emulsions
Authors: Zainuddin A. , Parkányiová J. , Parkányiová L. , Pokorný J. , Sakurai H. 
Published: February 2018

The oxidation rate of vegetable oils strongly depends on the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, natural antioxidants and prooxidants. The resistance of oil against oxidation thus depends very much on the linoleic acid content. Virginia peanut oil (a traditional cultivar, containing 30% linoleic acid) was compared with SunOleic peanut cultivar (containing only 3% linoleic acid). The tocopherol content was rather similar in the two oil samples. Emulsions were prepared using soybean lecithin as an emulsifying agent. The formation of conjugated hydroperoxides was measured at 234 nm. The induction period differred very much in bulk oil, but only moderately in emulsions containing copper ions as prooxidants. The effect of copper ions on the rate of oxidation was lower in SunOleic oil emulsion, compared with the Virginia oil emulsion. Similarly, the effect of sage extracts on the resistance against autoxidation was higher in SunOleic oil emulsions than in Virginia oil emulsions.