bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultivation and growth dynamics of endophytic fungi in a solid culture medium based on sugar beet pulp
Authors: Vázquez‐de‐Aldana Beatriz R , Cuesta María José , Zabalgogeazcoa Iñigo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe production of mycelium from endophytic fungi is of interest for applications ranging from inoculants and biofertilizers for crop production to fermentations for enzyme and metabolite production. The purpose of this study was to test the capacity of a solid growth medium based on beet pulp for growing different strains of endophytes.RESULTSThe ergosterol content of inoculated medium was measured to estimate fungal growth. Several parameters related to the preparation of the growth medium, such as water content, calcium salts and incubation time, were evaluated. The greatest fungal biomass production was observed in a medium prepared with a 1:2 (beet pulp:water) ratio, containing calcium sulfate and carbonate. Strains belonging to different fungal species grew well in the growth medium finally selected, producing yields ranging from 50 to 500 g mycelium per kilogram of dry culture, after 22–27 days. Cultures containing up to 400 g beet pulp grew successfully, and could be scaled up.CONCLUSIONA solid culture medium based on beet pulp supported the growth of diverse taxa of fungal endophytes. Both the water and calcium salt content of the growth medium affected the efficiency of mycelium production. Considering these factors, beet pulp medium was an excellent endophyte cultivation medium because of the high yield of fungal biomass observed, together with its ease of handling and scaling‐up production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Fabrication of glucose‐derived carbon‐decorated magnetic microspheres for extraction of bisphenols from water and tea drinks
Authors: Lian Lili , Jiang Xinhao , Lv Jinyi , Bai Fengkun , Zhu Bo , Lou Dawei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlucose‐derived carbon‐decorated magnetic microspheres were synthesized by an easy hydrothermal carbonization method and used as a high‐efficiency adsorbent to extract bisphenols in water and tea drinks. The as‐prepared carbon‐decorated magnetic microspheres had a well‐defined core–shell structure with a shell thickness of about 5 nm. The microspheres possessed high saturation magnetization at 60.8 emu/g and excellent chemical stability in aqueous solution. The experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including extraction time, pH, adsorbent dosage, desorption solvents, desorption time, and solution volume were evaluated. Electrostatic and π–π interactions were the major driving forces during extraction. Overall, a new magnetic solid‐phase extraction method of determining bisphenols was developed on the basis of as‐prepared magnetic microspheres. The method had a wide linear range, low limits of detection (0.03–0.10 µg/L), and high recoveries (85.4–104.6%).
Exploiting the aiming beam to increase the safety of laser lithotripsy: Experimental evaluation of light reflection and fluorescence
Authors: Lange Birgit , Cordes Jens , Brinkmann Ralf 
Published: September 2019

Background and ObjectivesIn Holmium laser lithotripsy, usually, the surgeon is guided by a visible beam superimposing the infrared (IR) treatment radiation. It has been shown that a green aiming beam excites stone autofluorescence. This fluorescence signal can be used for calculi detection to check the correct fiber position before triggering the IR laser, thus preventing damage to soft tissue and application devices. However, also the directly reflected green light from the fiber tip gives valuable information on fiber position and its surface condition.Materials and MethodsAn external fiber‐fiber‐coupling‐box (fiber core diameter 365 µm) for pulsed holmium laser radiation (2.1 µm) was set up containing a green diode laser module (520 nm, average power on the sample <0.5 mW) and optics and detectors for measuring the reflected light of this aiming beam as well as the fluorescence excited with it. Measurements were done via a lock‐in technique with more than 20 human calculi samples and porcine calix in vitro. After the implementation of automatic data storage signals during ongoing in vitro lithotripsy procedures were recorded with the fiber positioned on tissue, stone, or in/on medical equipment (working channel of an endoscope, stone retrieval basket).ResultsStone fluorescence signals measured were a factor of 7 to >100 higher than those of tissue. Stone fluorescence was detectable in “non‐contact mode” with a linear signal decrease over a distance up to ~1 mm in front of the fiber tip (core diameter 365 µm) and with severely damaged fibers (max. decrease: 75% with pinched off fiber). Reflection signals of the fiber tip surface in air and water surrounding decreased significantly when the fiber was damaged; measured ratios of intact to damaged fiber found in the air were (5–17):1 and in water (1.6–3.7):1. Surfaces in front of the fiber aggravated the evaluation of fiber condition due to reflections but enabled to detect, for example, the working channel of a flexible endoscope in combination with the (missing) fluorescence signal.ConclusionsAutofluorescence induced by a green aiming beam can be exploited for stone detection in laser lithotripsy. A reflection measurement can give further information on fiber condition and position. Implementing this kind of safety features for an automatic block of IR laser emission in case of weak or missing fluorescence and un‐normal reflections can assist the surgeon by avoiding tissue perforation, and damage to medical devices such as endoscopes. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microwave photonic filtering based on optical carrier suppression modulation
Authors: Umar Faizan , Mirza Jawad , Ghafoor Salman 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicrowave photonic filters have the advantages of wide tunability, low loss, and ease of reconfiguration. In this article, we propose a simple and cost‐efficient technique for the implementation of microwave photonic filter through simulations. This technique for the implementation of microwave photonic filter is employing a multiwavelength source and dispersive fiber. The multiwavelengths have been generated by employing optical carrier suppression based modulation. It has been shown that the free spectral range (FSR) of the filter may be tuned from 4.26 to 3.55 GHz by simply varying the frequency of the RF sinusoidal signal being used for modulation from 25 to 30 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the bandwidth of the filter may be tuned by varying the number of filter taps.
A simple filtering lumped impedance transformer with controllable center frequency and bandwidth for complex load
Authors: Lan Bozhang , Guo Chenjiang , Ding Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA simple complex impedance transformer with tunable center frequency and bandwidth that feature bandpass filtering capability for the operative band is proposed in this article. The basic principle of this design is the utilization of resonators, which can introduce transmission poles and zeros into the response. Thus, by controlling the resonant frequency through varactors, the desired function is obtained. The tuning range of the center frequency is 300 to 600 MHz and the bandwidth is 40 to 80 MHz and 80 to 130 MHz at its lower cutoff frequency (means that the left edge of passband keeps stable) and upper cutoff frequency (means that the right edge of passband keeps stable), respectively. Good agreement can be observed between simulated and measured results.
Modelling interprovincial migration in China from 1995 to 2015 based on an eigenvector spatial filtering negative binomial model
Authors: Gu Hengyu , Liu Ziliang , Shen Tiyan , Meng Xin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInterregional migration is a key issue affecting China's future pattern of urbanisation and regional development. In response to the phenomenon of network autocorrelation (NA) commonly found in migration networks, this paper combines eigenvector spatial filtering (ESF) with a negative binomial gravity model based on four‐stage panel data derived from censuses and population sampling surveys, and it analyses the factors that influenced China's interprovincial migration from 1995 to 2015. The results showed that (a) there is a significant spatial spillover effect in the interprovincial migration network. ESF can effectively capture NA in the data to reduce the model's estimation bias. The top 1.4% eigenvectors can extract high NA. (b) There is overdispersion in the interprovincial migration flows. A negative binomial regression gravity model is more appropriate for estimating the driving mechanism for migration than other models. (c) As with the initial variables of the gravity model, population size still exerts a great impact on both outflows and inflows. After considering the influence of NA, the effect of spatial distance is weakening. Additionally, economic, employment, social security, and educational factors are the main forces that are shaping the pattern of interprovincial migration. If the regional unemployment rate and average wages increase by 1%, the outflows and inflows increase by 0.351% and 0.502%, respectively; the coefficient of regional sex ratio at origin is also high, which has a close relationship with the migration motivations and gender differences in the employment market.
Modulation of precipitation by a mesoscale gravity wave in northern Italy: Detection and analysis
Authors: Richiardone Renzo , Manfrin Massimiliano , Ferrarese Silvia , Campistron Bernard , Klaus Vladislav 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA 6 h event of increased and gravity‐wave modulated stratiform rain with a period of approximately 1 h is described and two wave generation mechanisms (geostrophic adjustment and shear instability) are investigated. The predictions of a linear stability analysis of the flow (an unstable mode of about 100 km wavelength originating from the shear instability of the tropospheric jet and propagating in a duct encompassing almost the entire troposphere) are shown to agree very well with the measurements from a microbarometer network and wind‐profiler soundings.
Ammonium Chloride Assisted Microwave Mediated Domino Multicomponent Reaction: An Efficient and Sustainable Synthesis of Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐imines under Solvent Free Condition
Authors: Hussen Abdulkadir Shube , Bagchi Sourav , Sharma Anuj 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel multicomponent synthesis of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐imines starting from simple and readily available inputs is described. Herein, we report efficient and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of biologically significant scaffolds from readily available starting materials such as 2‐amino benzonitrile, triethyl orthoformate and mainly aniline derivatives under metal and solvent‐free conditions. Owing to its operational simplicity, step and resource economy and broad substrate scope, this robust methodology is appealing with respect to the previous research findings in this area.
Synthesis of β‐FeOOH and Photophenton Catalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Wu Ying , Han Caiqin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpindle‐shaped β‐FeOOH was successfully synthesized via an improved hydrothermal synthesis with FeCl3⋅6H2O and NaH2PO4⋅2H2O as the raw materials. The morphology and structure of samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of phosphate buffer solution(PBS) added were systematically investigated during hydrothermal synthesis process. Results indicated that the concentration of phosphate ions played a critical role on morphology and crystallinity of samples. In order to study the catalytic activity of β‐FeOOH under visible light irradiation, the absorbance of RhB solution under different conditions were measured by UV/Visible spectrophotometer(UV/Vis), and the degradation rates of Rhodamine B(RhB) under the irradiation of visible light were calculated. It was found that the Photophenton reaction could enhance catalytic activity of β‐FeOOH efficiently, and the degradation rate of RhB under visible light irradiation for 24h could reach 95%. The results have a promising prospect in wastewater treatment process.
Facile Synthesis, Structural Activity Relationship, Molecular Modeling and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of New Urea Derivatives with Incorporated Isoxazole and Thiazole Moieties as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Sroor Farid M. , Abdelmoniem Amr M. , Abdelhamid Ismail A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new series of isoxazolyl and thiazolyl urea derivatives was synthesized, fully characterized and evaluated in vitro as anticancer agents. The chemistry involves a facile protocol for the preparation of urea derivatives 12–22 through the reaction of isocyanates (p‐tolylsulfonyl isocyanate, p‐tolyl isocyanate, benzoyl isocyanate and ethylisocyanate) 8–11 with the corresponding aminoisoxazoles and aminothiazoles 2, 3, 6 and 7. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds 12–22 were evaluated using human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549), cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), and breast cancer cell line (MCF7). All novel compounds (except compounds 12, 17, and 18) were potential cytotoxic against lung cancer as it displayed IC50s less than the reference drug (5‐Fluro uracil (5FU)). All tested compounds (except 15 and 19) showed strong inhibition of breast cancer cell line even much better than the 5FU. The tested compounds were less cytotoxic against cervical cancer except compounds 16, 19, 20, and 21. The molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds against the three different proteins Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), cyclin dependent kinase‐2 (CDK2), and B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (BCL2) that are major proteins involved in pathogenesis of cancer were discussed. The molecular‐docking analyses revealed that compounds 13, 14 and 20 were the best docked ligand compared to reference docked ligands against the tested targeted proteins. In conclusion, the urea derivatives 13 and 14 were the most promising compounds with lowest IC50s against the tested cancer cell lines, and they displayed the lowest binding energies, critical hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the molecular targets compared to other tested compounds.
Synthesis, Photophysical Property and Antibacterial Activity of Rhodamine B Decorated, Mesitylene Cored and Methylene p‐Phenoxy Bridged Dendrimers
Authors: Savithri Jothinathan Sathiya , Rajakumar Perumal 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRhodamine B decorated, mesitylene cored and methylene p‐phenoxy bridged dendrimers 1–3 were synthesized upto second generation in good yield by divergent methodology. The intensity of the UV‐Visible absorption and emission band increases on increasing the number of the dendritic wedges. The antibacterial activity of the dendrimer 3 was found to be better than the lower generation dendrimers 1 and 2 against both the gram positive and gram negative bacteria such as B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
Metal Oxides Derived from Modified Hydromagnesite: Evaluation of Their Catalytic Activity in the Synthesis of Ethyl Biodiesel
Authors: Guebara Pamela F. , Perrone Olavo M. , Siqueira Marcos R. , Mancini Marcelo , Da‐Silva Roberto , Gomes Eleni , Boscolo Mauricio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiofuels are already part of the energy matrix in many countries because of their environmental and economic benefits. Ethyl biodiesel can be produced by various processes, the main one being transesterification of triglyceraldehydes and ethanol. The current technological challenge is to develop efficient heterogeneous catalysts, at low cost, non‐polluting and recyclable to be used in this process. In this context, hydromagnesites Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2⋅4H2O modified with different cations (Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu 2+, Ba2+) and synthesized by co‐precipitation are used as precursors of catalytic oxides calcined at 600 °C. The biodiesel synthesis was conducted at 120 °C for 12 h using 20% (w/w) of catalyst per mass of soybean oil and the ratio 1:20 (mol/mol) of soybean oil/ethanol. The alkyl esters formed were quantified by Gas Chromatography‐Flame Ionization Detection (GC‐FID). The transesterification reaction catalyzed by the reference oxide had a yield of 40%, whereas the best yield (80%) came from the hydromagnesite modified with 20% of Ca2+ which also had the highest basicity/acidity ratio. After use in three reaction cycles, the catalyst with 20% Ca2+ had no significant reduction in efficiency when it was washed with acetone and recalcined at 600 °C, while the untreated catalyst only had a yield of 42%, showing the need for effective reconditioning.
Evaluation of Relationship Between Crystallization Structure and Thermal‐Mechanical Performance of PLA with MCC Addition
Authors: Wen Huiying , Wang Yali , Wang Di , de Claville Christiansen Jesper , Yu Donghong , Jiang Shichun , Chen Chunxia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposite with 1 wt % microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) addition were prepared by melt‐mixed method using torque rheometer and annealed under different isothermal conditions. The morphology, crystallization behaviors, thermal and dynamic‐mechanical properties were evaluated by techniques of polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Nucleus density, crystallization rate and crystallinity (Xc) of PLA matrix were significantly increased by addition of MCC. It was found that MCC could improve the activity of PLA segments at low crystallization temperature (Tc), and the stability of segments in crystal lattice was also enhanced at high Tc. DSC and XRD analysis supported that MCC contributed to the transformation of α’ form into α form in PLA during annealing. The temperature range in which α crystal form appeared for pure PLA was 125 to 135 °C and it was enlarged from 105 to 145 °C for PLA with MCC addition. The Avrami exponent (n) and crystallization rate constant (k) for MCC/PLA decreased and increased respectively, supporting that the time dimension in nucleation mode was inhibited and crystallization kinetics was improved. MCC/PLA showed an increased stiffness and the highest value of storage modulus (E’) was 52 GPa at Tc of 125 °C, which is basically consistent with the condition of maximum Xc. DMA analysis supported that at high Tc, the addition of MCC greatly increased the crystallization ability of PLA and the elasticity and toughness were also improved.
Synthesis of Various N‐heterocycles Using the Ugi Four‐Center Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Mohammadkhani Leyla , Heravi Majid M 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUgi four‐center three‐component reaction (U‐4 C‐3CR) as actually an important development of the well‐known Ugi four‐component reaction (U‐4CR). In U‐4 C‐3CR, one of the components is bifunctional, reducing the components of U‐4CR to three components. This review aims to provide the application of U‐4 C‐3CR in the synthesis of different N‐heterocyclic compounds with four‐, five‐, six‐, and seven‐membered rings as well as fused heterocycles.
Highly Lithium Adsorption Capacities of H1.6Mn1.6O4 Ion‐Sieve by Ordered Array Structure
Authors: Qian Fangren , Guo Min , Qian Zhiqiang , Li Quan , Wu Zhijian , Liu Zhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpinel‐structured Li1.6Mn1.6O4 (LMO) has received wide attention as ion sieve for the recovery of lithium from aqueous lithium resources. In this work, the branched‐like LMO particles were prepared via calcinating orthorhombic LiMnO2. After extracting of Li+ in hydrochloric acid, the branched‐like H1.6Mn1.6O4 (HMO) was obtained. During the preparing process, the structure, morphologies of LMO and HMO were characterized by XRD and SEM. The results indicated that HMO maintained the spinel and ordered array structure, which was beneficial to the lithium uptake behavior. Compared to normal HMO nanoparticles, the Li+ adsorption capacity of HMO by order array branched‐like structure can reach to 43.8 mg/g while rod‐like was 35 mg/g (CLi: 150 mg/L, pH 11, T: 25°C). The adsorption behaviors were well simulated by the pseudo‐second‐order and the Langmuir models. The reusability of the HMO implies that the branched‐like HMO is a potential adsorbent for Li+ recovery from aqueous lithium resources.
Construction of Tetrahydrospiro[carbazole‐1,2′‐indenes] and Dihydrospiro[carbazole‐1,3′‐indolines] via NH4I Promoted Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Sun Jing , Yang Ren‐Yin , Zhan Shao‐Cong , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNH4I promoted three‐component reaction of indole, acetophenones and 2‐arylidene‐1,3‐indanediones in toluene at 120 °C afforded cis‐2,4‐diaryl‐substituted dihydrospiro[carbazole‐1,2′‐indene]‐1′,3′‐diones in good yields. Under same reaction conditions, NH4I promoted three‐component reaction of indole, acetophenones and (2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)malononitriles gave dihydrospiro[carbazole‐1,3′‐indolines] in moderate to good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. The reaction mechanism included sequential generation of 3‐alkenylindole, Diels‐Alder reaction and aromatization process.
Efficient Sensing of Trinitrotoluene Using a Photoluminescent Benzo[a]fluorenone Derivative
Authors: Mandal Mou , Balamurugan Rengarajan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHerein, we have presented a simple organic compound, benzo[a]fluorenone, as a highly fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) in solution phase with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 4 nM. This probe is more sensitive towards TNT than 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (DNT) and picric acid (PA). The photophysical studies revealed that it is static quenching through a ground state interaction between TNT and the title compound.
Implantable Organic Electronic Ion Pump Enables ABA Hormone Delivery for Control of Stomata in an Intact Tobacco Plant
Authors: Bernacka‐Wojcik Iwona , Huerta Miriam , Tybrandt Klas , Karady Michal , Mulla Mohammad Yusuf , Poxson David J. , Gabrielsson Erik O. , Ljung Karin , Simon Daniel T. , Berggren Magnus , Stavrinidou Eleni 
Published: September 2019

AbstractElectronic control of biological processes with bioelectronic devices holds promise for sophisticated regulation of physiology, for gaining fundamental understanding of biological systems, providing new therapeutic solutions, and digitally mediating adaptations of organisms to external factors. The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) provides a unique means for electronically‐controlled, flow‐free delivery of ions, and biomolecules at cellular scale. Here, a miniaturized OEIP device based on glass capillary fibers (c‐OEIP) is implanted in a biological organism. The capillary form factor at the sub‐100 µm scale of the device enables it to be implanted in soft tissue, while its hyperbranched polyelectrolyte channel and addressing protocol allows efficient delivery of a large aromatic molecule. In the first example of an implantable bioelectronic device in plants, the c‐OEIP readily penetrates the leaf of an intact tobacco plant with no significant wound response (evaluated up to 24 h) and effectively delivers the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) into the leaf apoplast. OEIP‐mediated delivery of ABA, the phytohormone that regulates plant's tolerance to stress, induces closure of stomata, the microscopic pores in leaf's epidermis that play a vital role in photosynthesis and transpiration. Efficient and localized ABA delivery reveals previously unreported kinetics of ABA‐induced signal propagation.