bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Sensitive RNA‐Cleaving DNAzyme Sensors from Surface‐to‐Surface Product Enrichment
Authors: Samani Sahar Esmaeili , Chang Dingran , McConnell Erin M. , Rothenbroker Meghan , Filipe Carlos D. M. , Li Yingfu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe engineering of easy‐to‐use biosensors with ultra‐low detection sensitivity remains a major challenge. Herein, we report a simple approach for creating such sensors through the use of an RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme (RcD) and a strategy designed to concentrate its cleavage product significantly. The assay uses micron‐sized beads loaded with a target‐responsive RcD and a paper strip containing a microzone covered with a DNA oligonucleotide capable of capturing the cleavage product of the RcD through Watson–Crick hybridization. Placing the beads and the paper strip in a target‐containing test sample allows the bead‐bound RcD molecules to undergo target‐induced RNA cleavage, releasing a DNA fragment that is captured by the paper strip. This strategy, though simple, is very effective in achieving high levels of detection sensitivity, being able to enrich the concentration of the cleavage product by three orders of magnitude. It is also compatible with both fluorescence‐based and colorimetric reporting mechanisms. This work provides a simple platform for developing ultrasensitive biosensors that take advantage of the widely available RcDs as molecular recognition elements.
Does the Zn2+Species Introduced into H‐ZSM‐5 Zeolite Affect the Strength of Brønsted Acid Sites?
Authors: Gabrienko Anton A. , Danilova Irina G. , Arzumanov Sergei S. , Freude Dieter , Stepanov Alexander G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo clarify the issue on Brønsted acidity enhancement by the presence of zinc species in H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite (G.D. Qi, et al.,Angew. Chem.‐Int. Edit.2016,55, 15826), the influence of Zn2+cationic species, introduced into the zeolite, on the strength of Brønsted acid sites (BAS) has been analyzed by solid‐state NMR and FTIR techniques using trimethylphosphine (TMP) and CO as probe molecules. Comparative analysis of the acidity for H‐ZSM‐5 and Zn2+/H‐ZSM‐5 zeolites has been performed. TMP adsorbed on both zeolite samples exhibits same signals at 6.3 and −4.5 ppm in1H and31P MAS NMR spectra, respectively, assigned to protonated TMP. FTIR spectroscopy has shown that both zeolite samples, H‐ZSM‐5 and Zn2+/H‐ZSM‐5, display the same red frequency shift (ΔνOH⋅⋅⋅CO=−318 cm−1) of the O−H stretching band and the same blue frequency shift (ΔνCO=+32 cm−1) of the CO stretching band for CO adsorption complex with BAS. The results obtained do not provide any evidence for the existence of some specific BAS with enhanced acid strength for Zn2+‐exchanged zeolite compared to the strength inherent to pure acid‐form zeolite. It is thus inferred the strength of BAS in H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite is not affected by the modification of the zeolite with Zn2+cationic species.
Targeted Construction of Amorphous MoSx with an Inherent Chain Molecular Structure for Improved Pseudocapacitive Lithium‐Ion Response
Authors: Wang Yao‐Yao , Fan Hong‐Hong , Wang Zhi‐Wei , Diao Wan‐Yue , Fan Chao‐Ying , Wu Xing‐Long , Zhang Jing‐Ping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOwing to low ion/electron conductivity and large volume change, transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) suffer from inferior cycle stability and rate capability when used as the anode of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). To overcome these disadvantages, amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) nanospheres were prepared and coated with an ultrathin carbon layer through a simple one‐pot reaction. Combining X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with theoretical calculations, MoSx was confirmed as having a special chain molecular structure with two forms of S bonding (S2− and S22−), the optimal adsorption sites of Li+ were located at S22−. As a result, the MoSx electrode exhibits superior cycle and rate capacities compared with crystalline 2H‐MoS2 (e.g., delivering a high capacity of 612.4 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1). This is mainly attributed to more exposed active S22− sites for Li storage, more Li+ transfer pathways for improved ion conductivity, and suppressed electrode structure pulverization of MoSx derived from the inherent chain‐like molecular structure. Quantitative charge storage analysis further demonstrates the improved pseudocapacitive contribution of amorphous MoSx induced by fast reaction kinetics. Moreover, the morphology contrast after cycling demonstrates the dispersion of active materials is more uniform for MoSx than 2H‐MoS2, suggesting the MoSx can well accommodate the volume stress of the electrode during discharging. Through regulating the molecular structure, this work provides an effective targeted strategy to overcome the intrinsic issues of TMDs for high‐performance LIBs.
The Role of LiBr and ZnBr2 on the Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Bu2Zn or BuZnBr
Authors: Eckert Philip , Organ Michael G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe impact of LiBr and ZnBr2 salts on the Negishi coupling of alkylZnBr and dialkylzinc nucleophiles with both electron‐rich and ‐poor aryl electrophiles has been examined. Focusing only on the more difficult coupling of deactivated (electron‐rich) oxidative addition partners, LiBr promotes coupling with BuZnBr, but does not have such an effect with Bu2Zn. The presence of exogenous ZnBr2 shuts down the coupling of both BuZnBr and Bu2Zn, which has been shown before with alkyl electrophiles. Strikingly, the addition of LiBr to Bu2Zn reactions containing exogenous ZnBr2 now fully restores coupling to levels seen without any salt present. This suggests that there is a very important interaction between LiBr and ZnBr2. It is proposed that Lewis acid adducts are forming between ZnBr2 and the electron‐rich Pd0 centre and the bromide from LiBr forms inorganic zincates that prevent the catalyst from binding to ZnBr2. This idea has been supported by catalyst design as chlorinating the backbone of the NHC ring of Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent to produce Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPentCl catalyst now gives quantitative conversion, up from a ceiling of only 50 % with the former catalyst.
Anticancer Activity of Electron‐Deficient Metal Complexes against Colorectal Cancer in vitro Models
Authors: Azmanova Maria , Soldevila‐Barreda Joan , Bani Hani Hira , Lord Rianne M. , Pitto‐Barry Anaïs , Picksley Steven M. , Barry Nicolas P. E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of nine electron‐deficient half‐sandwich metal complexes towards two colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 p53+/+, HCT116 p53−/−) and one normal prostate cell line (PNT2) is presented herein. Three complexes were found to be equally cytotoxic towards both colorectal cancer cell lines, suggesting a p53‐independent mechanism of action. These complexes are 12 to 34× more potent than cisplatin against HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53−/− cells. Furthermore, they were found to exhibit little or no cytotoxicity towards PNT2 normal cells, with selectivity ratios greater than 50. To gain an insight into the potential mechanisms of action of the most active compounds, their effects on the expression levels of a panel of genes were measured using qRT‐PCR against treated HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53−/− cells, and cell‐cycle analysis was carried out.
HER2 assessment by bright‐field dual in situ hybridization in cell blocks of recurrent and metastatic breast carcinoma
Authors: Edelweiss Marcia , Sebastiao Ana Paula Martins , Oen Handy , Kracun Mihaela , Serrette Rene , Ross Dara S. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundBreast cancer recurrences or metastases often are diagnosed using cytology material. Cell blocks (CBs) with adequate cellularity are crucial for the determination of accurate hormonal and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and to guide treatment. In the current study, the authors evaluated the concordance of HER2 status between bright‐field dual in situ hybridization (DISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed on formalin‐fixed CBs of recurrent and metastatic breast cancers.MethodsThe authors searched for patients who had breast carcinoma recurrences or metastases diagnosed between 2010 and 2018 by fine‐needle aspiration or by the drainage of body cavity fluids with HER2 IHC and/or FISH performed on formalin‐fixed CBs. Cases with adequate tumor cellularity (>50 cells) were selected. HER2 DISH was performed on all CBs. HER2 status of the primary breast carcinoma was recorded.ResultsFormalin‐fixed CBs were identified from 30 patients with breast cancer recurrences and metastases in axillary lymph nodes (LNs) (5 patients), mediastinal LNs (8 patients), internal mammary LNs (1 patient), supraclavicular LNs (2 patients), portocaval LNs (1 patient), chest wall (3 patients), pleural fluid (3 patients), bone (4 patients), liver (2 patients), and lung (1 patient). All cases had HER2 IHC performed at the study institution and were scored by breast pathologists according to the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines. The HER2 DISH results demonstrated 100% concordance (30 of 30 cases) with the concurrent IHC and/or FISH.ConclusionsAll methods of HER2 evaluation were found to accurately identify the amplification status. DISH can be used in tandem with IHC as a reflex assay instead of FISH and is an efficient and reliable method with which to determine HER2 amplification in formalin‐fixed CBs.
Elucidating Solvent Effects on Strong Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond: DFT‐MD Study of Dibenzoylmethane in Methanol Solution
Authors: Milovanović Branislav , Stanković Ivana M. , Petković Milena , Etinski Mihajlo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe dynamic aspect of solvation plays a crucial role in determining properties of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds since solvent fluctuations modify instantaneous hydrogen‐bonded proton transfer barriers. Previous studies pointed out that solvent‐solute interactions in the first solvation shell govern the position of the proton but the ability of the electric field due to other solvent molecules to localize the proton remains an important issue. In this work, we examine the structure of the O−H⋅⋅⋅O intramolecular hydrogen bond of dibenzoylmethane in methanol solution by employing density functional theory‐based molecular dynamics and quantum chemical calculations. Our computations showed that homogeneous electric fields with intensities corresponding to those found in polar solvents are able to considerably alter the proton transfer barrier height in the gas phase. In methanol solution, the proton position is correlated with the difference in electrostatic potentials on the oxygen atoms of dibenzoylmethane even when dibenzoylmethane‐methanol hydrogen bonding is lacking. On a timescale of our simulation, the hydrogen bonding and solvent electrostatics tend to localize the proton on different oxygen atoms. These findings provide an insight into the importance of the solvent electric field on the structure of a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond.
Development of a Disease Progression Model for Leucine‐Rich Repeat Kinase 2 in Parkinson's Disease to Inform Clinical Trial Designs
Authors: Ahamadi Malidi , Conrado Daniela J , Macha Sreeraj , Sinha Vikram , Stone Julie , Burton Jackson , Nicholas Timothy , Gallagher Jill , Dexter David , Bani Massimo , Boroojerdi Babak , Smit Hans , Weidemann Jonas , Chen Chao , Yang Minhua , Maciuca Romeo , Lawson Rachael , Burn David , Marek Kenneth , Venuto Charles , Stafford Bob , Akalu Mussie , Stephenson Diane , Romero Klaus ,   on behalf of the Critical Path for Parkinson's (CPP) Consortium
Published: September 2019

A quantitative assessment of Parkinson's disease (PD) progression is critical for optimizing clinical trials design. Disease progression model was developed using pooled data from the Progression Marker Initiative study and the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment in Cohorts with Longitudinal Evaluation in Parkinson's Disease study. Age, gender, concomitant medication, and study arms were predictors of baseline. A mutation in the leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) encoding gene was associated with the disease progression rate. The progression rate in subjects with PD who carried LRRK2 mutation was slightly slower (~0.170 points/month) than that in PD subjects without the mutation (~0.222 points/month). For a nonenriched placebo‐controlled clinical trial, approximately 70 subjects/arm would be required to detect a drug effect of 50% reduction in the progression rate with 80% probability, whereas 85, 93, and 100 subjects/arm would be required for an enriched clinical trial with 30%, 50%, and 70% subjects with LRRK2 mutations, respectively.
The ecology and evolution of seed predation by Darwin's finches on Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Carvajal‐Endara Sofía , Hendry Andrew P. , Emery Nancy C. , Neu Corey P. , Carmona Diego , Gotanda Kiyoko M. , Davies T. Jonathan , Chaves Jaime A. , Johnson Marc T. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPredator–prey interactions play a key role in the evolution of species traits through antagonistic coevolutionary arms races. The evolution of beak morphology in the Darwin's finches in response to competition for seed resources is a classic example of evolution by natural selection. The seeds of Tribulus cistoides are an important food source for the largest ground finch species (Geospiza fortis, G. magnirostris, and G. conirostris) in dry months, and the hard spiny morphology of the fruits is a potent agent of selection that drives contemporary evolutionary change in finch beak morphology. Although the effects of these interactions on finches are well known, how seed predation affects the ecology and evolution of the plants is poorly understood. Here we examine whether seed predation by Darwin's finches affects the ecology and evolution of T. cistoides. We ask whether the intensity of seed predation and the strength of natural selection by finches on fruit defense traits vary among populations, islands, years, or with varying finch community composition (i.e., the presence/absence of the largest beaked species, which feed on T. cistoides most easily). We then further test whether T. cistoides fruit defenses have diverged among islands in response to spatial variation in finch communities. We addressed these questions by examining seed predation by finches in 30 populations of T. cistoides over 3 yr. Our study reveals three key results. First, Darwin's finches strongly influence T. cistoides seed survival, whereby seed predation varies with differences in finch community composition among islands and in response to interannual fluctuations in precipitation. Second, finches impose phenotypic selection on T. cistoides fruit morphology, whereby smaller and harder fruits with longer or more spines exhibited higher seed survival. Variation in finch community composition and precipitation also explains variation in phenotypic selection on fruit defense traits. Third, variation in the number of spines on fruits among islands is consistent with divergent phenotypic selection imposed by variation in finch community composition among islands. These results suggest that Darwin's finches and T. cistoides are experiencing an ongoing coevolutionary arms race, and that the strength of this coevolution varies in space and time.
Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: an update on diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Yokochi Tomoki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTransthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR‐CA) demonstrates progressive, potentially fatal, and infiltrative cardiomyopathy caused by extracellular deposition of transthyretin‐derived insoluble amyloid fibrils in the myocardium. Two distinct types of transthyretin (wild type or variant) become unstable, and misfolding forms aggregate, resulting in amyloid fibrils. ATTR‐CA, which has previously been underrecognized and considered to be rare, has been increasingly recognized as a cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction among elderly persons. With the advanced technology, the diagnostic tools have been improving for cardiac amyloidosis. Recently, the efficacy of several disease‐modifying agents focusing on the amyloidogenic process has been demonstrated. ATTR‐CA has been changing from incurable to treatable. Nevertheless, there are still no prognostic improvements due to diagnostic delay or misdiagnosis because of phenotypic heterogeneity and co‐morbidities. Thus, it is crucial for clinicians to be aware of this clinical entity for early diagnosis and proper treatment. In this mini‐review, we focus on recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of ATTR‐CA.
Do changes in threat salience predict the moral content of sermons? The case of Friday Khutbas in Turkey
Authors: Alper Sinan , Bayrak Fatih , Us Elif Öykü , Yilmaz Onurcan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe analyzed the content of “Friday Khutbas” delivered in Turkish mosques between January 2001 and December 2018 to test the prediction of moral foundations theory (MFT) literature that threat salience would lead to an increased endorsement of binding moral foundations. As societal‐level indicators of threat, we examined (a) historical data on the proportion of terrorism‐related news published in a Turkish newspaper, (b) the geopolitical risk score of Turkey as measured by Geopolitical Risk Index, and (c) Google Trends data on the search frequency of words “terror”, “terrorism”, or “terrorist”. To measure the endorsement of moral foundations, we built a Turkish Moral Foundations Dictionary and counted the relative frequency of morality‐related words in the khutbas delivered in Istanbul, Turkey. Time series analyses showed that risk salience in a certain month was positively related to endorsement of the loyalty/betrayal foundation in that month’s Friday Khutbas. There were mixed results for the other moral foundations.
The impact of net buying pressure on VIX option prices
Authors: Chuang Yi‐Wei , Tsai Wei‐Che , Wu Ming‐Hung 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impact of intraday trading activity on option prices in the Volatility Index (VIX) options market. Our results show that there is a temporal relationship between net buying pressure (NBP) and changes in implied volatility of VIX options. Moreover, an increase in NBPs lowers the next‐day delta‐hedged option returns. Using several measures proxying for limits to arbitrage, the average levels of the implied volatility curve rise when limits to arbitrage are severe. A trading strategy in the VIX futures market constructed by using the NBP generates an average annualized return of 10.09%.
Bivariate logistic Bayesian LASSO for detecting rare haplotype association with two correlated phenotypes
Authors: Yuan Xiaochen , Biswas Swati 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn genetic association studies, joint modeling of related traits/phenotypes can utilize the correlation between them and thereby provide more power and uncover additional information about genetic etiology. Moreover, detecting rare genetic variants are of current scientific interest as a key to missing heritability. Logistic Bayesian LASSO (LBL) has been proposed recently to detect rare haplotype variants using case‐control data, that is, a single binary phenotype. As there is currently no haplotype association method that can handle multiple binary phenotypes, we extend LBL to fill this gap. We develop a bivariate model by using a latent variable to induce correlation between the two outcomes. We carry out extensive simulations to investigate the bivariate LBL and compare with the univariate LBL. The bivariate LBL performs better or similar to the univariate LBL in most settings. It has the highest gain in power when a haplotype is associated with both traits and it affects at least one trait in a direction opposite to the direction of the correlation between the traits. We analyze two data sets—Genetic Analysis Workshop 19 sequence data on systolic and diastolic blood pressures and a genome‐wide association data set on lung cancer and smoking and detect several associated rare haplotypes.
HBx Protein Contributes to Liver Carcinogenesis by H3K4me3 Modification Through Stabilizing WD Repeat Domain 5 Protein
Authors: Gao Weiwu , Jia Zhengcai , Tian Yi , Yang Penghui , Sun Hui , Wang Chenhui , Ding Yi , Zhang Mengjie , Zhang Yi , Yang Di , Tian Zhiqiang , Zhou Jian , Ruan Zhihua , Wu Yuzhang , Ni Bing 
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims
Cancer is typically considered as a genetic and epigenetic disease. Although numerous studies have indicated that an aberrant structure, function, or expression level of epigenetic enzymes contribute to many tumor types, precisely how the epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown.

Approach and Results
In this study, we found that the WD repeat domain 5 protein (WDR5)—a core subunit of histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase complexes, which catalyze the generation of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) modification—is highly expressed in HBV‐related HCC and promotes HCC development. WDR5 plays a critical role in HBV‐driven cell proliferation and tumor growth in mice, and the WDR5‐0103 small‐molecule inhibitor of WDR5 activity compromises HBV‐ and hepatitis B x protein (HBx)‐driven tumor proliferation. The aberrantly high WDR5 protein level was found to involve HBx through its stabilization of the WDR5 protein by inhibiting the interaction between the damage‐specific DNA‐binding protein 1/cullin‐4 and WDR5, causing decreased ubiquitination of the WDR5 protein. HBx was found to colocalize with WDR5 on chromatin genome wide and promotes genome‐wide H3K4me3 modification by means of WDR5. Furthermore, the recruitment of HBx to promoters of target genes relied on its interaction with WDR5 through its α‐helix domain. WDR5 was also found to promote HBV transcription through H3K4 modification of covalently closed circular DNA minichromosome, and WDR5‐0103 was able to inhibit HBV transcription. Finally, the in vitro and in vivo data further proved that HBx exerted its tumor‐promoting function in a WDR5‐dependent manner.

Conclusions
Our data reveals that WDR5 is a key epigenetic determinant of HBV‐induced tumorigenesis and that the HBx‐WDR5‐H3K4me3 axis may be a potential therapeutic target in HBV‐induced liver pathogenesis.
The effect of a periodic tangential magnetic field on the stability of a horizontal magnetic fluid sheet
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Eldabe Nabil T. , Sayed Aya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe current article aims at investigating the effect of a periodic tangential magnetic field on the stability of a horizontal flat sheet. The media were considered porous, the three viscous‐fluid layers were initially streaming with uniform velocities, and the magnetic field admitted the presence of free‐surface currents. Furthermore, the transfer of mass and heat phenomenon was taken into account. The analysis, in this paper, was followed by the viscous potential theory. Moreover, the stability of the boundary‐value problem resulted in coupled second‐order linear differential equations with damping and complex coefficients. In regard to the uniform and periodic magnetic field, the standard normal mode approach was applied to deduce a general dispersion relation and judge the stability criteria. In addition, several unfamiliar cases were reported, according to appropriate data choices. The stability conditions were theoretically analyzed, and the influences of the various parameters in the stability profile were identified through a set of diagrams. In accordance wth the oscillating field, the coupled dispersion equations were combined to give the established Mathieu equation. Therefore, the governed transition curves were, theoretically, obtained. Finally, the results were numerically confirmed.