bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Exfoliation of MoS2 Crystal for Hydrogen Electrogeneration
Authors: Ambrosi Adriano , Pumera Martin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently emerged within the group of 2D materials due to their electrical, catalytic and optical properties significantly enhanced and useful when down‐sized to single layer. In particular, MoS2 has attracted much attention due to its semiconducting nature with a useful band gap when present as single layer, the enhanced photoluminescence, but also importantly the excellent catalytic properties towards the electrochemical hydrogen evolution. We present here the preparation of thin layers MoS2 nanosheets with enhanced catalytic properties towards the hydrogen evolution reaction by means of an easy and fast electrochemical top‐down exfoliation procedure in aqueous solution from a naturally occurring MoS2 crystal. After structural and chemical characterization with STEM, AFM, XPS and Raman spectroscopy electrochemical investigations were performed to test catalytic properties in acidic solution for the electrogeneration of hydrogen and compare it to MoS2 nanosheets obtained through the widely employed chemical Li intercalation/exfoliation. Electrochemically exfoliated MoS2 shows lower Tafel slope than its counterpart obtained with chemical exfoliation.
Metalo Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (MHOFs) as New Class of Crystalline Materials for Protonic Conduction
Authors: Chand Santanu , Pal Shyam Chand , Pal Arun , Ye Yingxiang , Lin Quanjie , Zhang Zhangjing , Xiang Shengchang , Das Madhab C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecently, proton conduction has been a thread of high potential owing to its wide applications in fuel‐cell technology. In the search for a new class of crystalline materials for protonic conductors, three metalo hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (MHOFs) based on [Ni(Imdz)6]2+ and arene disulfonates (MHOF1 and MHOF2) or dicarboxylate (MHOF3) have been reported (Imdz=imidazole). The presence of an ionic backbone with charge‐assisted H‐bonds, coupled with amphiprotic imidazoles made these MHOFs protonic conductors, exhibiting conduction values of 0.75×10−3, 3.5×10−4 and 0.97×10−3 S cm−1, respectively, at 80 °C and 98 % relative humidity, which are comparable to other crystalline metal‐organic framework, coordination polymer, polyoxometalate, covalent organic framework, and hydrogen‐bonded organic framework materials. This report initiates the usage of MHOF materials as a new class of solid‐state proton conductors.
Rate‐based‐Modellierung von CO2‐Absorptionskolonnen mit Anstaupackungen
Authors: Flechsig Steve , Borgolte Torben , Utchenko Yaroslav , Sohr Johanna , Schubert Markus , Hampel Uwe , Kenig Eugeny Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDie Effizienz von Trennkolonnen für Fluidgemische kann durch die Anwendung von Anstaupackungen gesteigert werden. Dabei entstehen im Betrieb belastungsabhängige, in ihrer Trennwirkung unterschiedliche Regime. Um die Auswirkungen der einzelnen Strömungsregime in einem Modell erfassen zu können, werden sowohl Trennleistungsmessungen als auch tomographische Methoden verwendet. Ein Rate‐based‐Modell wird vorgestellt, in dem die heterogenen Strömungsformen in Anstaupackungen mittels geeigneter Korrelationen berücksichtigt werden. Das Modell wird anhand gemessener Daten zur CO2‐Absorption getestet.
A DFA‐based approach for the deployment of BPaaS fragments in the cloud
Authors: Hedhli Ameni , Mezni Haithem 
Published: November 2018

SummaryCloud computing is an emerging technology that is largely adopted by the current computing industry. With the growing number of Cloud services, Cloud providers' main focus is how to best offer efficient services (eg, SaaS, BPaaS, mobile services, etc) in order to hook the eventual customers. To meet this goal, services arrangement and placement in the cloud is becoming a serious problem because an optimal placement of these applications and their related data in accordance with the available resources can increase companies' benefits. Since there is a widespread deployment of business processes in the cloud, the hereinafter conducted research works aim to enhance the business processes' outsourcing by providing an optimized placement scheme that would attract cloud customers. In the light of these facts, the purpose of this paper is to deal with the BPaaS placement problem while optimizing both the total execution time and cloud resources' usage. To do so, we first determine the redundant BPaaS fragments using a DNA Fragment Assembly technique. We apply a variant of the Genetic Algorithm to resolve it. Then, we propose a placement algorithm, which produces an optimized placement scheme on the basis of the determined fragments relations. We follow that by an implementation of the whole placement process and a set of experimental results that have shown the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach.
A user‐assisted thread‐level vulnerability assessment tool
Authors: Oz Isil , Topcuoglu Haluk Rahmi , Tosun Oguz 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe system reliability becomes a critical concern in modern architectures with the scale down of circuits. To deal with soft errors, the replication of system resources has been used at both hardware and software levels. Since the redundancy causes performance degradation, it is required to explore partial redundancy techniques that replicate the most vulnerable parts of the code. The redundancy level of user applications depends on user preferences and may be different for the users with different requirements. In this work, we propose a user‐assisted reliability assessment tool based on critical thread analysis for redundancy in parallel architectures. Our analysis evaluates the application threads of a parallel program by considering their criticality in the execution and selects the most critical thread or threads to be replicated. Moreover, we extend our analysis by exploring critical regions of individual threads and execute redundantly only those regions to reduce redundancy overhead. Our experimental evaluation indicates that the replication of the most critical thread improves the system reliability more (up to 10% for blackscholes application) than the replication of any other thread. The partial thread replication based on critical region analysis also reduces the vulnerability of the system by considering a fine‐grained approach.
Investigating the ability of the microbial model Cunninghamella elegans for the metabolism of synthetic tryptamines
Authors: Grafinger Katharina Elisabeth , Wilke Andreas , König Stefan , Weinmann Wolfgang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTryptamines can occur naturally in plants, mushrooms, microbes, and amphibians. Synthetic tryptamines are sold as new psychoactive substances (NPS) because of their hallucinogenic effects. When it comes to NPS, metabolism studies are of crucial importance, due to the lack of pharmacological and toxicological data. Different approaches can be taken to study in vitro and in vivo metabolism of xenobiotica. The zygomycete fungus Cunninghamella elegans (C. elegans) can be used as a microbial model for the study of drug metabolism. The current study investigated the biotransformation of four naturally occurring and synthetic tryptamines [N,N‐Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 4‐hydroxy‐N‐methyl‐N‐ethyltryptamine (4‐HO‐MET), N,N‐di allyl‐5‐methoxy tryptamine (5‐MeO‐DALT) and 5‐methoxy‐N‐methyl‐N‐isoporpoyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐MiPT)] in C. elegans after incubation for 72 hours. Metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography–high resolution–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–HR–MS/MS) with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QqTOF) instrument. Results were compared to already published data on these substances. C. elegans was capable of producing all major biotransformation steps: hydroxylation, N‐oxide formation, carboxylation, deamination, and demethylation. On average 63% of phase I metabolites found in the literature could also be detected in C. elegans. Additionally, metabolites specific for C. elegans were identified. Therefore, C. elegans is a suitable complementary model to other in vitro or in vivo methods to study the metabolism of naturally occurring or synthetic tryptamines.
High‐order ghost‐point immersed boundary method for viscous compressible flows based on summation‐by‐parts operators
Authors: Khalili M. Ehsan , Larsson Martin , Müller Bernhard 
Published: November 2018

SummaryA high‐order immersed boundary method is devised for the compressible Navier‐Stokes equations by employing high‐order summation‐by‐parts difference operators. The immersed boundaries are treated as sharp interfaces by enforcing the solid wall boundary conditions via flow variables at ghost points. Two different interpolation schemes are tested to compute values at the ghost points and a hybrid treatment is used. The first method provides the bilinearly interpolated flow variables at the image points of the corresponding ghost points and the second method applies the boundary condition at the immersed boundary by using the weighted least squares method with high‐order polynomials. The approach is verified and validated for compressible flow past a circular cylinder at moderate Reynolds numbers. The tonal sound generated by vortex shedding from a circular cylinder is also investigated. In order to demonstrate the capability of the solver to handle complex geometries in practical cases, flow in a cross‐section of a human upper airway is simulated.
Long noncoding RNA expression profiling in cancer: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Lorenzi Lucía , Avila Cobos Francisco , Decock Anneleen , Everaert Celine , Helsmoortel Hetty , Lefever Steve , Verboom Karen , Volders Pieter‐Jan , Speleman Frank , Vandesompele Jo , Mestdagh Pieter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn recent years, technological advances in transcriptome profiling revealed that the repertoire of human RNA molecules is more diverse and extended than originally thought. This diversity and complexity mainly derive from a large ensemble of noncoding RNAs. Because of their key roles in cellular processes important for normal development and physiology, disruption of noncoding RNA expression is intrinsically linked to human disease, including cancer. Therefore, studying the noncoding portion of the transcriptome offers the prospect of identifying novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Although evidence of the relevance of noncoding RNAs in cancer is accumulating, we still face many challenges when it comes to accurately profiling their expression levels. Some of these challenges are inherent to the technologies employed, whereas others are associated with characteristics of the noncoding RNAs themselves. In this review, we discuss the challenges related to long noncoding RNA expression profiling, highlight how cancer long noncoding RNAs provide new opportunities for cancer diagnosis and treatment, and reflect on future developments.
Quantitative Bestimmung des Verklebungspotenzials feinkörniger Böden auf Basis von Adhäsionsspannung
Authors: Budach Christoph , Placzek Dietmar , Kleen Eugen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBei Vortrieben mit Tunnelvortriebsmaschinen (TVM) kann es in Abhängigkeit von den Eigenschaften des Baugrunds, insbesondere in feinkörnigen Böden, zu Verklebungen an Teilen der TVM kommen. Diese können einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Vortriebsleistung ausüben und damit die Wirtschaftlichkeit eines Projekts maßgeblich beeinflussen. Bei bisher durchgeführten Untersuchungen zum Verklebungspotenzial wurden u. a. die bodenspezifischen Eigenschaften berücksichtigt und das Verklebungspotenzial unterschiedlicher Böden qualitativ abgeschätzt.Die im Rahmen des Beitrags präsentierten Ergebnisse der eigenen Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der Adhäsionsspannungen lassen sich sehr gut kategorisieren, sodass neben einer qualitativen auch eine quantitative Einteilung möglich ist. Zudem wurden systematische Untersuchungen mit verklebungsmindernden Additiven durchgeführt, deren Ergebnisse präsentiert werden. Die quantitative Einteilung soll helfen, das Verklebungspotenzial bei Schildvortrieben zukünftig besser zu bewerten und insbesondere Vortriebe mit Schildmaschinen mit Flüssigkeitsstützung in feinkörnigen Böden möglichst wirtschaftlich umzusetzen.
Piperazine‐modified activated alumina as a novel promising candidate for CO2 capture: experimental and modeling
Authors: Fashi Fatemeh , Ghaemi Ahad , Moradi Peyman 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this research, the CO2 adsorption process was studied using modified activated alumina with a piperazine solution as a novel sorbent. Activated alumina was modified with a piperazine solution concentration in the range of 1–4 wt%. Adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the operating parameters, including CO2 pressure in the range of 2–8 bar, adsorbent dosage in the range of 0.5–2 g, temperature in the range of 25–85°C and adsorbent mesh in the range of 200–800 micron. Maximum adsorption capacity (222.01 mg CO2/g modified activated alumina) was determined at a temperature of 25°C, pressure of 8 bar, and adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g, with a piperazine solution of 2 wt%. The results of the experiments showed that the rate of CO2 adsorption increases with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. The Freundlich isotherm model with correlation coefficient of 0.999 was found to be the best for fitting the CO2 adsorption isotherm data. The kinetic study also indicated that the Elovich model fits the experimental kinetic data well. The negative values of Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) and enthalpy change (ΔH°) show that the reaction is spontaneous in nature and exothermic. The negative value of entropy change (ΔS°) shows a reduction in the irregularity of the adsorption process. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VEGF‐A regulates angiogenesis during osseointegration of Ti implants via paracrine/autocrine regulation of osteoblast response to hierarchical microstructure of the surface
Authors: Raines Andrew L. , Berger Michael B. , Patel Nehal , Hyzy Sharon L. , Boyan Barbara D. , Schwartz Zvi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEstablishment of a patent vasculature at the bone–implant interface plays a significant role in determining overall success of orthopedic and dental implants. Osteoblasts produce vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A), an important regulator of angiogenesis during bone formation and healing, and the amount secreted is sensitive to titanium (Ti) surface microtopography and surface energy. The purpose of this study was to determine if surface properties modulate cellular response to VEGF‐A. MG63 osteoblast‐like cells were transfected with shRNA targeting VEGF‐A at >80% knockdown. Cells stably silenced for VEGF‐A secreted reduced levels of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, FGF‐2, and angiopoietin‐1 when cultured on grit‐blasted/acid‐etched (SLA) and hydrophilic SLA (modSLA) Ti surfaces and conditioned media from these cultures caused reduced angiogenesis in an endothelial tubule formation assay. Treatment of MG63 cells with 20 ng/mL rhVEGF‐A165 rescued production in silenced cells and increased production of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, FGF‐2, and angiopoietin‐1, with greatest effects on control cells cultured on modSLA. Addition of a neutralization antibody against VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2; Flk‐1) resulted in a significant increase in VEGF‐A production. Overall, this study indicates that VEGF‐A has two roles in osseointegration: enhanced angiogenesis and an autocrine/paracrine role in maturation of osteoblast‐like cells in response to Ti surface properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 423–433, 2019.
Kanamycin induces free radicals formation in melanocytes: An important factor for aminoglycosides ototoxicity
Authors: Wrześniok Dorota , Rok Jakub , Beberok Artur , Rzepka Zuzanna , Respondek Michalina , Pilawa Barbara , Zdybel Magdalena , Delijewski Marcin , Buszman Ewa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOtotoxicity is well‐documented but not fully understood undesirable side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotic, kanamycin. Kanamycin is capable of binding to melanin biopolymers—natural pigments of the skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin‐producing cells, melanocytes, are also present in the inner ear and are known to be necessary for normal hearing. It was considered that melanin content in the inner ear may influence aminoglycoside‐induced ototoxic effect. The impact of kanamycin on melanocytes homeostasis may thus play role in the antibiotic‐induced ototoxic effect. Previously, we demonstrated that kanamycin disturbs homeostasis in light‐pigmented melanocytes. To investigate if/how melanization contributes to this phenomenon, the study using in vitro model of dark‐pigmented melanocytes is required. Spectrophotometric measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis were performed. Kanamycin induced a concentration‐dependent loss in HEMn‐DP melanocytes viability. The value of IC
50 was estimated to be 5.0 mM. Modulation of the activity of analyzed antioxidant enzymes and increased production of free radicals as well as the decrease of the melanin content were observed. Our results confirmed that kanamycin generates oxidative stress in melanocytes. The increased level of free radicals caused by kanamycin may be responsible for the imbalance of antioxidant defense and the reduction of melanin content in melanocytes. The role of melanin in the mechanism of kanamycin‐induced hearing impairment was discussed and the obtained results were compared with the previously demonstrated data concerning light‐pigmented melanocytes.
Polycystins in disease mechanobiology
Authors: Gargalionis Antonios N. , Basdra Efthimia K. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDistorted mechanotransduction represents the molecular hallmark of disease mechanobiology and is displayed with common features during the development of various pathophysiologies. Polycystins constitute a family of mechanosensitive proteins that facilitate pathogenic signal transduction mechanisms. The main representatives of the family are polycystin‐1 (PC1) and polycystin‐2 (PC2), which function as a mechano‐induced membrane receptor and a calcium‐permeable ion channel, respectively. PC1 and PC2 mediate extracellular mechanical stimulation, induce intracellular molecular signaling and evoke corresponding gene transcription. Recent reports reveal that polycystin‐mediated signaling does not occur in polycystic kidney disease only, where it is most prominently studied. It is also present during the development of clinical entities such as endothelial dysfunction and atheromatosis, deregulation of osteoblast differentiation, cancer development, and psoriasis. In this study, we highlight emerging data that support the overall contribution of polycystins to disease mechanobiology and suggest further exploration of this protein family in diseases generated from force‐bearing tissue structures.
The relationship between platelet indices and ABO blood groups in healthy adults
Authors: Celik Hakim , Duzenli Ufuk , Aslan Mehmet , Altiparmak Ibrahim Halil , Kirmit Adnan , Kara Erdal , Karakilcik Ali Ziya 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundABO blood groups have been suggested to have a high correlation with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It has also been postulated that platelet indices, including mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW), are very important in the development and progression of CVDs. However, despite these common associations with CVDs, as far as we know, there are no studies investigating platelet indices in ABO blood groups. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether platelet indices are associated with ABO blood groups.MethodsThe study included 301 healthy volunteers (99 women and 202 men; mean age: 32.59 ± 7.52 years) whose blood groups were determined by the gel column method using agglutination techniques. Platelet indices were studied by an automated blood counter.ResultsNo considerable differences in age, gender, or Rh factors were observed among ABO blood groups. MPV was detected to be considerably lower in O and A blood group subjects than in AB and B blood group subjects. Similarly, PDW was significantly lower in O and A blood group subjects than in B blood group subjects. Additionally, MPV in the O blood group subjects was significantly lower than in the non‐O blood group subjects.ConclusionsBecause MPV and PDW are used as markers of CVDs, individuals with O and A blood groups in this study may be considered to have a lower risk of CVDs than AB and B blood group subjects. However, prospective cohort studies involving a greater number of volunteers are needed to elucidate these relationships.
Interruption points in the wing gene regulatory network underlying wing polyphenism evolved independently in male and female morphs in Cardiocondyla ants
Authors: Oettler Jan , Platschek Tobias , Schmidt Christine , Rajakumar Rajendhran , Favé Marie‐Julie , Khila Abderrahman , Heinze Jürgen , Abouheif Ehab 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWing polyphenism in ants, which produces a winged female queen caste and a wingless female worker caste, evolved approximately 150 million years ago and has been key to the remarkable success of ants. Approximately 20 million years ago, the myrmicine ant genus Cardiocondyla evolved an additional wing polyphenism among males producing two male morphs: wingless males that fight to enhance mating success and winged males that disperse. Here we show that interruption of rudimentary wing‐disc development in larvae of the ant
Cardiocondyla obscurior occurs further downstream in the network in wingless males as compared with wingless female workers. This pattern is corroborated in
C. kagutsuchi, a species from a different clade within the genus, indicating that late interruption of wing development in males is conserved across
Cardiocondyla. Therefore, our results show that the novel male wing polyphenism was not developmentally constrained by the pre‐existing female wing polyphenism and evolved through independent alteration of interruption points in the wing gene network. Furthermore, a comparison of adult morphological characters in
C. obscurior reveals that developmental trajectories lead to similar morphological trait integration between winged and wingless females, but dramatically different integration between winged and wingless males. This suggests that the alternative sex‐specific developmental routes to achieve winglessness in the genus
Cardiocondyla may have evolved through different selection regimes acting on wingless males and females.