bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumers’ perspectives on their involvement in recognizing and responding to patient deterioration—Developing a model for consumer reporting
Authors: King Lindy , Peacock Guy , Crotty Mikaila , Clark Robyn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdverse events occur in health care. Detection and reporting of deterioration therefore have a critical role to play. Patient and family member (consumer) involvement in patient safety has gained powerful support amongst global policymakers. Few studies, with none taking a rigorous qualitative approach, have drawn upon consumers’ experiences to establish their preferences in consumer reporting of patient deterioration programmes.ObjectiveTo explore consumers’ experiences of previous reporting of patient deterioration; their preferred educational strategies on this role and recommended pathways in a consumer reporting of patient deterioration model.Design, setting and participantsAn interpretive, qualitative research design was utilized. Nine focus group interviews were undertaken across Adelaide, capital city of South Australia. Interviews were audio‐taped, transcribed and analysed thematically. Twenty‐six adults described, then reflected, on previous experiences of reporting patient deterioration.ResultsOverarching themes incorporated consumers’ experiences and patient/family education. Three themes emerged in relation to consumers’ experiences: feelings, thoughts and actions. Five themes arose on educating consumers: content, timing, format, information providers and information recipients. The consumers’ deep reflections on their past reporting experiences led to the development of a new model for consumer reporting of patient deterioration.ConclusionsConsumers’ views on ways to improve consumer reporting of patient deterioration processes emerged. These improvements include structured educational programmes for staff advocating open health‐care professional/consumer communication, educational materials developed and tested with English‐speaking and culturally and linguistically diverse consumers and a model with three consumer reporting pathways.
Inter‐ and intrapatient heterogeneity of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase expression in primary and metastatic melanoma cells and the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Gide Tuba N , Allanson Benjamin M , Menzies Alexander M , Ferguson Peter M , Madore Jason , Saw Robyn P M , Thompson John F , Long Georgina V , Wilmott James S , Scolyer Richard A 
Published: December 2018

AimsIndoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), an immunomodulatory enzyme, facilitates immune escape by tumours and promotes tumour progression. IDO inhibitors with and without additional anti‐PD‐1 therapy have been evaluated in recent and ongoing melanoma clinical trials, but IDO expression in melanoma tumours, and therefore its potential role as a predictive biomarker remains unknown. This study sought to evaluate IDO expression in immunotherapy‐naive metastatic melanoma patients in order to determine patterns of expression in corresponding primary melanomas, locoregional metastases and distant metastases.Methods and resultsHere, we evaluated IDO expression using immunohistochemistry in 99 melanoma tumour samples from 43 immunotherapy‐naive patients with metastatic melanoma to determine patterns of expression in primary melanomas (n = 29), locoregional metastases (n = 36) and distant metastases (n = 34). Thirty‐seven per cent of patients demonstrated tumour IDO expression in at least one specimen. Twelve of 35 patients (34%) with longitudinal specimens (i.e. two or more separate specimens from different disease stages in the same patient) displayed heterogeneous IDO staining between samples. Tumour IDO expression positively correlated with tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) score as well as the number of IDO‐expressing mononuclear cells in the primary melanoma (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0011, respectively) and nodal metastases (P = 0.049 and P = 0.037, respectively), but not in distant metastases. Furthermore, tumour IDO expression correlated positively with PD‐L1 expression by melanoma cells among all specimens (P = 0.0073).ConclusionsTherefore, while assessment of tumour IDO expression warrants evaluation in melanoma patient cohorts treated with IDO inhibitors dosed at levels proven to inhibit the target by pharmacodynamic assessment, its utility as a biomarker may be limited by intertumoral heterogeneity.
A seasonal population matrix model of the Caribbean Red‐tailed HawkButeo jamaicensis jamaicensisin eastern Puerto Rico
Authors: Gallardo Julio C. , Vilella Francisco J. , Colvin Michael E. 
Published: December 2018

Reliable estimates of life history parameters and their functional role in animal population trajectories are critical, yet often missing, components in conservation and management. We developed seasonal matrix population models of the Red‐tailed HawkButeo jamaicensis jamaicensisin the upper and lower forests of the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico, to describe the influence of early life stages (nestling and clutch survival) on population growth. Modelled populations exhibited positive discrete rates of growth in forests above 400 m (λhighlands = 1.05) and in forests below 400 m (λlowlands = 1.27) of the Luquillo Mountains. Further, adult survival was the parameter with the highest proportional effect and direct contribution to growth of the population. Besides survival of adults, our results identified that nestling survival had the second greatest influence onλ, stressing the importance of this life stage for the population growth rate of Red‐tailed Hawks in our study area. Seasonal matrices are not commonly used to describe population dynamics of birds. However, these may be a useful tool to analyse the influence of life stages in the annual cycle to better address conservation and management needs, especially for species inhabiting oceanic islands.
Adolescent body composition and associations with body size and growth from birth to late adolescence. The Tromsø study: Fit Futures—A Norwegian longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Evensen Elin , Emaus Nina , Furberg Anne‐Sofie , Kokkvoll Ane , Wells Jonathan , Wilsgaard Tom , Winther Anne , Skeie Guri 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundFat and fat‐free masses and fat distribution are related to cardiometabolic risk. Objectives: to explore how birth weight, childhood body mass index (BMI) and BMI gain were related to adolescent body composition and central obesity.MethodsIn a population‐based longitudinal study, body composition was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in 907 Norwegian adolescents (48% girls). Associations between birth weight, BMI categories, and BMI gain were evaluated by fitting linear mixed models and conditional growth models with fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2), fat‐free mass index (FFMI, kg/m2) standard deviation scores (SDS), and central obesity at 15 to 20 years, as well as change in FMI SDS and FFMI SDS between ages 15 to 17 and 18 to 20 as outcomes.ResultsBirth weight was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Greater BMI gain in childhood, conditioned on prior body size, was associated with higher FMI, FFMI, and central overweight/obesity with the strongest associations seen at age 6 to 16.5 years: FMI SDS: β = 0.67, 95% CI (0.63‐0.71), FFMI SDS: 0.46 (0.39, 0.52), in girls, FMI SDS: 0.80 (0.75, 0.86), FFMI SDS: 0.49 (0.43, 0.55), in boys.ConclusionsCompared with birth and early childhood, high BMI and greater BMI gain at later ages are strong predictors of higher fat mass and central overweight/obesity at 15 to 20 years of age.
Use of fosfomycin as targeted antibiotic prophylaxis before prostate biopsy: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Van Besien Jeroen , Uvin Pieter , Weyne Emmanuel , Van Praet Charles , Merckx Luc , De Graeve Nico , Van Renterghem Koenraad , Cartuyvels Reinoud , Van den Abeele Anne‐Marie 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate whether switching ciprofloxacin to fosfomycin in the case of fluoroquinolone‐resistant rectal bacteria influences the incidence of infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsy.MethodsFrom December 2015 until December 2017, patients undergoing prostate biopsy were randomly assigned to a control group or an intervention group in a prospective, open‐label fashion at three different centers. The presence of fluoroquinolone‐resistant organisms was detected by rectal swabs. Patients in the control group received ciprofloxacin. Patients in the intervention group received fosfomycin instead of ciprofloxacin in the case of fluoroquinolone‐resistant bacteria on rectal swab culture. The primary end‐point was the difference in occurrence of major (febrile) and minor (afebrile) infections between both groups.ResultsA total of 102 patients were randomized to the control group, and 102 patients to the intervention group. In the control group, nine complications occurred, of which five were major febrile complications. In the intervention group, six complications occurred, of which four were major febrile complications. The total number of complications (major and minor) did not differ between both groups (P = 0.59). A subgroup analysis of patients with fluoroquinolone‐resistant bacteria on rectal swab showed five complications in the control group and one complication in the intervention group (P = 0.09).ConclusionsThis represents the first prospective randomized study using rectal cultures for targeted antibiotic prophylaxis. Study findings show promising results for use of fosfomycin in patients with fluoroquinolone resistance.
Paucity of high‐quality studies reporting on salt and health outcomes from the science of salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (April 2017 to March 2018)
Authors: Petersen Kristina S. , Rae Sarah , Venos Erik , Malta Daniela , Trieu Kathy , Santos Joseph Alvin , Thout Sudhir Raj , Webster Jacqui , Campbell Norm R. C. , Arcand JoAnne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to identify, summarize, and critically appraise studies on dietary salt and health outcomes that were published from April 2017 to March 2018. The search strategy was adapted from a previous systematic review on dietary salt and health. Identified studies were screened based on a priori defined criteria to identify publications eligible for detailed critical appraisals. Overall, 6747 citations were identified by the search strategy, and 42 health outcome studies were identified. Three of the 42 studies met the criteria for methodological quality and health outcomes and underwent detailed critical appraisals and commentary. In addition, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was critically appraised, although it did not strictly meet our methodological criteria. All four of the studies critically appraised found that sodium reduction improved blood pressure, especially in individuals with hypertension. In addition, sodium reduction reduced albuminuria in patients with stage 1‐3 chronic kidney disease. Examination of the time course of blood pressure responses to sodium reduction revealed lowering sodium in the context of an average American diet may not produce maximal blood pressure reductions within a 4‐week intervention period. This review provides further evidence of the benefit of sodium reduction for blood pressure lowering and gives insights into the subgroups of the population that may derive the greatest benefit from sodium reduction and the time course required to see benefit. Only three high‐quality studies were identified during this 12‐month review period, highlighting the critical need for more well‐conducted rigorous studies in this area.
Alteration in gut microbiota caused by time‐restricted feeding alleviate hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Ren Jinjun , Hu Dandan , Mao Yilei , Yang Huayu , Liao Wenjun , Xu Wei , Ge Penglei , Zhang Hongbing , Sang Xinting , Lu Xin , Zhong Shouxian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTime‐restricted feeding (TRF), that is, no caloric intake for 14‐16 hours each day leads to favourable nutritional outcomes. This study is the first to investigate TRF through a surgical perspective verifying its efficacy against liver ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. We randomly assigned 100 10‐week‐old wild‐type male C57BL/6 mice into two feeding regimens: TRF and ad libitum access to food. Main outcomes were evaluated at 6, 12 and 24 hours post‐I/R surgery after 12 weeks of intervention. TRF group demonstrated minor liver injury via histological study; lower serum levels of liver enzymes, glucose and lipids; higher concentrations of free fatty acid and β‐hydroxybutyrate; decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers; as well as less severe cell apoptosis and proliferation. Further exploration indicated better gut microenvironment and intestinal epithelial tight junction function. TRF employed its positive influence on a wide spectrum of biochemical pathways and ultimately revealed protective effect against hepatic I/R injury possibly through adjusting the gut microbiota. The results referred to a strong indication of adopting better feeding pattern for surgical patients.
An evaluation of the methods to estimate effective population size from measures of linkage disequilibrium
Authors: García‐Cortés Luis Alberto , Austerlitz Frederic , de Cara M. Angeles R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn 1971, John Sved derived an approximate relationship between linkage disequilibrium (LD) and effective population size for an ideal finite population. This seminal work was extended by Sved and Feldman (Theor Pop Biol 4, 129, 1973) and Weir and Hill (Genetics 95, 477, 1980) who derived additional equations with the same purpose. These equations yield useful estimates of effective population size, as they require a single sample in time. As these estimates of effective population size are now commonly used on a variety of genomic data, from arrays of single nucleotide polymorphisms to whole genome data, some authors have investigated their bias through simulation studies and proposed corrections for different mating systems. However, the cause of the bias remains elusive. Here, we show the problems of using LD as a statistical measure and, analogously, the problems in estimating effective population size from such measure. For that purpose, we compare three commonly used approaches with a transition probability‐based method that we develop here. It provides an exact computation of LD. We show here that the bias in the estimates of LD and effective population size are partly due to low‐frequency markers, tightly linked markers or to a small total number of crossovers per generation. These biases, however, do not decrease when increasing sample size or using unlinked markers. Our results show the issues of such measures of effective population based on LD and suggest which of the method here studied should be used in empirical studies as well as the optimal distance between markers for such estimates.
Medication safety knowledge, attitude, and practice among hospital pharmacists in Lebanon
Authors: Hallit Souheil , Hajj Aline , Shuhaiber Patricia , Iskandar Katia , Ramia Elsy , Sacre Hala , Salameh Pascale ,   on behalf of the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon scientific committee—Medication safety subcommittee
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundStudies showed that pharmacists have little experience with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting due to insufficient knowledge of the concept of ADR and pharmacovigilance (PV). There is an urge to assess hospital pharmacists' knowledge in medication safety practices.ObjectiveTo evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice, among hospital pharmacists in Lebanon concerning ADRs and PV concepts.MethodsA cross‐sectional study, conducted between March and July 2016, enrolled 187 hospital pharmacists in all Lebanese districts.ResultsConcerning knowledge, 60.8% of the pharmacists said that ADR is an injury caused by appropriate and suboptimal care, while 74.6% of them said it can be preventable and nonpreventable. Moreover, 47.5% of them defined PV as being the study that detects, assesses, understands, and prevents adverse effects. Furthermore, 55.1% believed that PV concerns drug, herbal, medical devices, and vaccine problems. Concerning attitude, 61% of the pharmacists said they do not support direct ADR reporting by the patient. Of them, 78.6% confessed that ADR reporting is a professional obligation to them while 88.2% admitted that it is time‐consuming with no outcome. When it comes to practice, 64.2% had been trained to report ADRs. Only 20.8% and 24.2% confessed reporting ADRs more than once a week, respectively. More than half (54.5%) said that they report the ADR to the patient's prescriber.ConclusionLebanese hospital pharmacists have little knowledge about the concept and process of PV and spontaneous ADRs reporting system. However, these pharmacists have positive attitudes, but very little practice with reporting systems. Educational programs are urgently needed to emphasize the role and responsibility of pharmacists in PV practices and to raise awareness towards ADR reporting process.
A methylated‐DNA‐binding complex required for plant development mediates transcriptional activation of promoter methylated genes
Authors: Zhao Qiang‐Qiang , Lin Rong‐Nan , Li Lin , Chen She , He Xin‐Jian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough the mechanism of DNA methylation‐mediated gene silencing is extensively studied, relatively little is known about how promoter methylated genes are protected from transcriptional silencing. SUVH1, an Arabidopsis Su(var)3‐9 homolog, was previously shown to be required for the expression of a few promoter methylated genes. By chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with sequencing, we demonstrate that SUVH1 binds to methylated genomic loci targeted by RNA‐directed DNA methylation. SUVH1 and its homolog SUVH3 function partially redundantly and interact with three DNAJ domain‐containing homologs, SDJ1, SDJ2, and SDJ3, thus forming a complex which we named SUVH‐SDJ. The SUVH‐SDJ complex components are co‐localized in a large number of methylated promoters and are required for the expression of a subset of promoter methylated genes. We demonstrate that the SUVH‐SDJ complex components have transcriptional activation activity. SUVH1 and SUVH3 function synergistically with SDJ1, SDJ2, and SDJ3 and are required for plant viability. This study reveals how the SUVH‐SDJ complex protects promoter methylated genes from transcriptional silencing and suggests that the transcriptional activation of promoter methylated genes mediated by the SUVH‐SDJ complex may play a critical role in plant growth and development.
A group of SUVH methyl‐DNA binding proteins regulate expression of the DNA demethylase ROS1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xiao Xinlong , Zhang Jieqiong , Li Tao , Fu Xing , Satheesh Viswanathan , Niu Qingfeng , Lang Zhaobo , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Lei Mingguang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDNA methylation is typically regarded as a repressive epigenetic marker for gene expression. Genome‐wide DNA methylation patterns in plants are dynamically regulated by the opposing activities of DNA methylation and demethylation reactions. In Arabidopsis, a DNA methylation monitoring sequence (MEMS) in the promoter of the DNA demethylase gene ROS1 functions as a methylstat that senses these opposing activities and regulates genome DNA methylation levels by adjusting ROS1 expression. How DNA methylation in the MEMS region promotes ROS1 expression is not known. Here, we show that several Su(var)3‐9 homologs (SUVHs) can sense DNA methylation levels at the MEMS region and function redundantly to promote ROS1 expression. The SUVHs bind to the MEMS region, and the extent of binding is correlated with the methylation level of the MEMS. Mutations in the SUVHs lead to decreased ROS1 expression, causing DNA hypermethylation at more than 1,000 genomic regions. Thus, the SUVHs function to mediate the activation of gene transcription by DNA methylation.
Longing to get back on track: Patients’ experiences and supportive care needs after lung cancer surgery
Authors: Kyte Kristin , Ekstedt Mirjam , Rustoen Tone , Oksholm Trine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aims to describe surgically treated lung cancer patients’ experiences of coming home after discharge from hospital to expand the knowledge about their supportive care needs.BackgroundExisting research reports that patients suffer from a high symptom burden after lung cancer surgery. Such burden has negative impacts on their physical, emotional and social wellbeing. Few studies have explored the surgically treated patients’ supportive care needs after being discharged from hospital.DesignThis study used a qualitative descriptive design, following the EQUATOR guidelines (COREQ).MethodsThe information about 14 patients’ experiences was collected from semi‐structured interviews. The interviews were conducted in their homes within three weeks after their discharge from hospital. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe main theme of the study, “Longing to get back on track with their lives”, consisted of four categories: “Burdened with problems related to postoperative symptoms and treatment”, “Struggling for the needed support”, “A pendulum between being in need of support and being independent”, and “Striving to adapt to a new way of life”. The participants experienced many problems related to postoperative symptoms and treatment. Information and support from healthcare professionals were deficient. Life was characterised by striving to be independent and adapting to a new lifestyle.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate the supportive care needs of surgically treated lung cancer patients. Nurses and other healthcare professionals could offer more individualised support during the first few weeks after the patients’ discharge by including them and their caregivers in the discharge planning.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge of patients’ perspectives and experiences of everyday life at home after lung cancer surgery can provide hospital nurses with a better understanding of what is important for such patients beyond hospitalisation. This knowledge should be included in discharge planning.