bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Amorphous Nickel–Iron‐Based Electrocatalyst with Unusual Local Structures for Ultrafast Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Gao , Zhu Yanping , Chen Hao Ming , Hu Zhiwei , Hung Sung‐Fu , Ma Nana , Dai Jie , Lin Hong‐Ji , Chen Chien‐Te , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRationally designing active and durable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of primary importance in water splitting. Perovskite oxides (ABO3) with versatile structures and multiple physicochemical properties have triggered considerable interest in the OER. The leaching of A site cations can create nanostructures and amorphous motifs on the perovskite matrix, thus facilitating the OER process. However, selectively dissolving A site cations and simultaneously obtaining more active amorphous motifs derived from the B site cations remains a great challenge. Herein, a top‐down strategy is proposed to transform bulk crystalline perovskite (LaNiO3) into a nanostructured amorphous hydroxide by FeCl3 post‐treatment, resulting in an extremely low overpotential of 189 mV at 10 mA cm−2. The top‐down‐constructed amorphous catalyst with a large surface area has dual NiFe active sites, where high‐valence Ni3+‐based edge‐sharing octahedral frameworks are surrounded by interstitial distorted Fe octahedra and contribute to the superior OER performance. This top‐down strategy provides a valid way to design novel perovskite‐derived catalysts.
Flexible and Transparent Microwave–Infrared Bistealth Structure
Authors: Zhang Changlei , Wu Xiaoyu , Huang Cheng , Peng Jinqiang , Ji Chen , Yang Jianing , Huang Yijia , Guo Yinghui , Luo Xiangang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA flexible and transparent microwave–infrared bistealth structure is proposed to avoid composite detection in the microwave and infrared bands. By combining intrinsic material properties with proper design, the proposed flexible metamaterial can simultaneously achieve high absorption in the microwave band, low emission the in infrared band, and optical transparency. The structure exhibits wide‐angle (40°), broadband (7.7–18 GHz), and high‐efficiency (>90%) absorption. Furthermore, by using the structure to cover a metallic column, a 10 dB reduction in radar cross section at 7.5–18 GHz is achieved. The thermal emissivity of the structure is about 0.23 in the infrared atmosphere window, which is close to that of metal. It is optically transparent and flexible due to the use of indium tin oxide films and polyvinyl chloride substrates. These unique and interesting properties promise it will find potential applications in various stealth fields.
The Structural Colors of Photonic Glasses
Authors: Schertel Lukas , Siedentop Lukas , Meijer Janne‐Mieke , Keim Peter , Aegerter Christof M. , Aubry Geoffroy J. , Maret Georg 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe color of materials usually originates from a combination of wavelength‐dependent absorption and scattering. Controlling the color without the use of absorbing dyes is of practical interest, not only because of undesired bleaching properties of dyes but also regarding minimization of environmental and health issues. Color control without dyes can be achieved by tuning the material's scattering properties in controlling size and spatial arrangement of scatterers. Herein, calibrated photonic glasses (PGs), which are isotropic materials made by random aggregation of nonabsorbing, monodisperse colloidal polystyrene spheres, are used to generate a wide spectral range of purely structural, angular‐independent colors. Experimental reflectance spectra for different sized spheres compare well with a recent theoretical model, which establishes the latter as a tool for color mapping in PGs. It allows to determine the range of visible colors accessible in PGs as function of size, packing fraction, and refractive index of scatterers. It also predicts color saturation on top of the white reflectance as function of the sample's optical thickness. Blue, green, and red are obtained even with low index, while saturated green, cyan, yellow, and magenta can be reached in higher index PGs over several orders of magnitude of sample thickness.
Experimental Demonstration of a 3D‐Printed Arched Metasurface Carpet Cloak
Authors: Jiang Zijie , Liang Qingxuan , Li Zhaohui , Lv Peiyao , Chen Tianning , Li Dichen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetasurfaces have an extraordinary wavefront manipulation capability to generate various functionalities with ultrathin planar structures and provide an unprecedented means of easily achieving invisibility carpet cloaks in practice. However, due to the limitation of the fabrication method, great challenges exist in the implementation of curved or spherical metasurface‐based cloaks with good performance. Here, a novel fabrication method that combines 3D printing via stereolithography and injection molding of liquid metal is proposed, and an arched metasurface carpet cloak operating in the microwave domain is realized successfully as a demonstration. Experiments show that the proposed ultrathin and polarization‐independent cloak has good stealth performance in terms of bandwidth and angular span. Notably, the fabrication method is also suitable for obtaining other metasurfaces and metamaterials with arbitrary shapes, which may greatly promote the practical application of artificial electromagnetic structures.
A Mild and Regioselective Synthesis of α‐Fluoroketones via Gold and Selectfluor Partnership
Authors: Chen Xi , Martini Sophie , Michelet Véronique 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn efficient, mild and rapid synthesis of α‐fluoroketones has been developed, via a fruitful association between gold and Selectfluor starting from aldehyde‐yne and alkynylaryl ketone derivatives. Several functionalized and synthetically highly valuable α‐fluoroketones (21 compounds, up to 92%) were isolated in good to excellent yields via a remarkable regioselective oxyfluorination reaction in EtOH/H2O at room temperature. We have shed some light on parts of the mechanism by reacting diphenylacetylene and aldehyde‐yne with or without Selectfluor. The reaction most presumably occurs via a sequential gold‐catalyzed regioselective hydration followed by the α‐fluorination reaction, but the presence of aldehyde moiety is crucial for the reactivity of alkyne function. The fluoroketones were efficiently transformed to 4‐fluoroisoquinolines (9 compounds, 82–95%) of high pharmaceutical interest.magnified image
I2/TBHP Mediated Divergent C(sp2)‐P Cleavage of Allenylphosphine Oxides: Substituent‐Controlled Regioselectivity
Authors: Liu Teng , Zhu Jie , Sun Xue , Cheng Liang , Wu Lei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA highly regioselective C(sp2)‐P(O) cleavage of allenylphosphine oxides mediated by I2/TBHP is achieved for the first time. The divergent pathway via cleavage of (Ph)C−P(O) or (allene)C−P(O) modulated by substituents, renders the formation of 4‐iodo‐2‐phenyl‐5H‐1,2‐oxa‐phosphole 2‐oxide and α‐iodoenone derivatives, respectively. A plausible mechanism through radical pathways, along with the cleavage of phenyl and diphenylphosphine oxide moieties, are verified by the trapping experiments and 18O‐isotopic labeling studies.magnified image
A Bacteriochlorin‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet Superoxide Radical Generator for Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Highly Efficient Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Kai , Yu Zhaofeng , Meng Xiangdan , Zhao Weidong , Shi Zhuojie , Yang Zhou , Dong Haifeng , Zhang Xueji 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHypoxic tumor microenvironment is the bottleneck of the conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) and significantly weakens the overall therapeutic efficiency. Herein, versatile metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets (DBBC‐UiO) comprised of bacteriochlorin ligand and Hf6(µ3‐O)4(µ3‐OH)4 clusters to address this tricky issue are designed. The resulting DBBC‐UiO enables numerous superoxide anion radical (O2−•) generation via a type I mechanism with a 750 nm NIR‐laser irradiation, part of which transforms to high toxic hydroxyl radical (OH•) and oxygen (O2) through superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐mediated catalytic reactions under severe hypoxic microenvironment (2% O2), and the partial recycled O2 enhances O2−• generation. Owing to the synergistic radicals, it realizes advanced antitumor performance with 91% cell mortality against cancer cells in vitro, and highly efficient hypoxic solid tumor ablation in vivo. It also accomplishes photoacoustic imaging (PAI) for cancer diagnosis. This DBBC‐UiO, taking advantage of superb penetration depth of the 750 nm laser and distinct antihypoxia activities, offers new opportunities for PDT against clinically hypoxic cancer.
Continuous 3D Titanium Nitride Nanoshell Structure for Solar‐Driven Unbiased Biocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Kuk Su Keun , Ham Youngjin , Gopinath Krishnasamy , Boonmongkolras Passarut , Lee Youngjun , Lee Yang Woo , Kondaveeti Sanath , Ahn Changui , Shin Byungha , Lee Jung‐Kul , Jeon Seokwoo , Park Chan Beum 
Published: May 2019

AbstractZ‐scheme‐inspired tandem photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells have received attention as a sustainable platform for solar‐driven CO2 reduction. Here, continuously 3D‐structured, electrically conductive titanium nitride nanoshells (3D TiN) for biocatalytic CO2‐to‐formate conversion in a bias‐free tandem PEC system are reported. The 3D TiN exhibits a periodically porous network with high porosity (92.1%) and conductivity (6.72 × 104 S m−1), which allows for high enzyme loading and direct electron transfer (DET) to the immobilized enzyme. It is found that the W‐containing formate dehydrogenase from Clostridium ljungdahlii (ClFDH) on the 3D TiN nanoshell is electrically activated through DET for CO2 reduction. At a low overpotential of 40 mV, the 3D TiN‐ClFDH stably converts CO2 to formate at a rate of 0.34 µmol h−1 cm−2 and a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 93.5%. Compared to a flat TiN‐ClFDH, the 3D TiN‐ClFDH shows a 58 times higher formate production rate (1.74 µmol h−1 cm−2) at 240 mV of overpotential. Lastly, a bias‐free biocatalytic tandem PEC cell that converted CO2 to formate at an average rate of 0.78 µmol h−1 and an FE of 77.3% only using solar energy and water is successfully assembled.
Fluid‐dynamic gauging for studying the initial swelling of soft solid layers
Authors: Tsai Jheng‐Han , Cuckston Georgina L. , Hallmark Bart , Wilson D. Ian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn innovative fluid‐dynamic gauging (FDG) device to study the initial as well as long‐term swelling or removal of soft solid layers immersed in a liquid environment in real time and in situ is presented. This sideways FDG (SiDG) device was developed for soft solid layers whose properties change significantly on contact with liquid. Calibration tests indicated a resolution of ±10 μm. The open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code OpenFOAM was used to model the flow in the SiDG nozzle. Good agreement was obtained between experimental and CFD results at different nozzle clearances, so that the shear stress exerted by the gauging flow can be computed accurately. A series of demonstration studies are presented, on layers of petroleum jelly, polyvinyl acetate, gelatin and a complex model soil. Initial swelling dynamics are captured and the influence of pH on initial swelling behavior, previously inaccessible, is reported.
Development of an online registry for adults with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: A protocol paper
Authors: Sawatzky Bonita , Dahan‐Oliel N. , Davison Ann‐Marie , Hall Judith , Van Bosse Harold , Mortenson W. Ben ,   Registry Team
Published: May 2019

AbstractArthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is considered a rare disorder resulting in multiple congenital contractures in two or more areas. Considerable literature is available on managing the contractures during an affected child's development but little information is available to those managing these ongoing issues in adulthood. Due to the heterogeneity etiological factors and presentation of AMC, and the small sample sizes of previous studies, it has been difficult to generalize results to the adult population. This current study presents the several steps taken to create an international AMC database for adults to populate with their own data over time. The methods included a scoping review of the literature for valid and reliable outcome measures used for AMC, a Delphi methodology to create the database with a team of clinicians, researchers and patients, a Beta testing of the database, and a final launch of the Adult AMC Registry. This registry includes 48 nonstandardized questions and 12 standardized questionnaires. It takes 35–45 min for a participant to complete. A shorter version will be created for participants to complete for years 2 and 3, followed by this longer version every 4 years. The protocol for referring English‐speaking patients and access to the registry is provided. Data will be reviewed every year to ensure quality. The registry will be maintained for a minimum of 10 years and data will be comprehensively analyzed every 5 years. Our goal is to have 500 adults with AMC from around the world as participants.
Synthesis of α‐Quaternary Aldehydes via a Stereoselective Semi‐Pinacol Rearrangement of Optically Active Epoxy Alcohols
Authors: Hirama Naomichi , Sakamoto Ryu , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article describes a Lewis‐acid‐promoted semi‐pinacol rearrangement of chiral epoxy alcohols to provide chiral β‐hydroxy aldehydes with a quaternary center at the α‐position that are otherwise difficult to access in modern organic synthesis. The aldehydes thus obtained are highly useful synthetic intermediates, which is demonstrated by the synthesis of a serotonin antagonist.
Variation of 3D outer and inner crown morphology in modern human mandibular premolars
Authors: Krenn Viktoria A. , Fornai Cinzia , Wurm Lisa , Bookstein Fred L. , Haeusler Martin , Weber Gerhard W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study explores the outer and inner crown of lower third and fourth premolars (P3, P4) by analyzing the morphological variation among diverse modern human groups.Materials and MethodsWe studied three‐dimensional models of the outer enamel surface and the enamel–dentine junction (EDJ) from μCT datasets of 77 recent humans using both an assessment of seven nonmetric traits and a standard geometric morphometric (GM) analysis. For the latter, the dental crown was represented by four landmarks (dentine horns and fossae), 20 semilandmarks along the EDJ marginal ridge, and pseudolandmarks along the crown and cervical outlines.ResultsCertain discrete traits showed significantly different regional frequencies and sexual dimorphism. The GM analyses of both P3s and P4s showed extensive overlap in shape variation of the various populations (classification accuracy 15–69%). The first principal components explained about 40% of shape variance with a correlation between 0.59 and 0.87 of the features of P3s and P4s. Shape covariation between P3s and P4s expressed concordance of high and narrow or low and broad crowns.ConclusionsDue to marked intragroup and intergroup variation in GM analyses of lower premolars, discrete traits such as the number of lingual cusps and mesiolingual groove expression provide better geographic separation of modern human populations. The greater variability of the lingual region suggests a dominance of functional constraints over geographic provenience or sex. Additional information about functionally relevant aspects of the crown surface and odontogenetic data are needed to unravel the factors underlying dental morphology in modern humans.
Awake tracheal intubation for blunt airway trauma
Authors: Milne B. , Kandasamy G. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryA 64‐year‐old man sustained blunt trauma to the anterior neck following a mechanical fall resulting in an isolated laryngeal fracture of the left cricoarytenoid complex. Although there was no acute airway compromise, he developed worsening airway oedema which necessitated tracheal intubation. He underwent oral awake tracheal intubation with a flexible bronchoscope to facilitate formation of a tracheostomy under general anaesthesia. The challenges encountered in the clinical management of this case relate to decision making for the patient with airway trauma in the absence of the need for emergency tracheal intubation. We describe the advantages and pitfalls of various airway management strategies in the context of blunt airway trauma.
Lipids from Wastewater‐Activated Sludge Cultivated on Acetic Acid as Potential Alternatives to High‐Value Oils and Fats
Authors: Fortela Dhan Lord B. , Hernandez Rafael , Revellame Emmanuel , Holmes William , Sharp Wayne , Zappi Mark 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study focuses on new interpretations of the published literature by statistically evaluating the potential of microbial lipids from activated sludge (AS) as alternatives to high‐value oils and fats. There are two data analysis stages involved in this study after compilation and organization of fatty acid profiles from the literature databases: (1) comparison of fatty acid profiles of the cultivated AS lipids with that of oils and fats found in the literature databases, and (2) hierarchical cluster analysis of the fatty acids of the combined dataset of literature oils and fats, and the AS lipids. Results show that fatty acid profiles of lipids from cultivated AS were similar to the fatty acid profiles of some oils and fats of plant, animal, single‐microbial cultures, and algal origins; hence, lipids from AS could be potential alternatives to specialty oils and fats. The cultivation conditions of AS during lipid content enhancement may influence lipid application.
Development of 17 microsatellite markers in the federally endangered species Liatris helleri (Asteraceae)
Authors: Clark Logan C. , Gaglianese‐Woody Morgan R. , Estep Matt C. 
Published: May 2019

PremiseMicrosatellite markers were developed in the federally endangered species Liatris helleri (Asteraceae) to evaluate species boundaries with closely related congeners within the genus.Methods and ResultsUsing Illumina data, 17 primer pairs were developed in populations of L. helleri. The primers amplified motifs from tri‐ to hexanucleotide repeats with one to 17 alleles per locus. Primers were also tested for cross‐amplification in L. aspera, L. microcephala, and L. pycnostachya.ConclusionsThe developed primers for L. helleri serve as a novel genetic tool for future investigations in this genus, allowing for more explicit species delineation as well as population genetic analyses.
Dynamic output feedback control with output quantizer for nonlinear uncertain T‐S fuzzy systems with multiple time‐varying input delays and unmatched disturbances
Authors: Zheng Wei , Wang Hongbin , Wang Hongrui , Zhang Zhiming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe dynamic output feedback control problem with output quantizer is investigated for a class of nonlinear uncertain Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy systems with multiple time‐varying input delays and unmatched disturbances. The T‐S fuzzy model is employed to approximate the nonlinear uncertain system, and the output space is partitioned into operating regions and interpolation regions based on the structural information in the fuzzy rules. The output quantizer is introduced for the controller design, and the dynamic output feedback controller with output quantizer is constructed based on the T‐S fuzzy model. Stability conditions in the form of linear matrix inequalities are derived by introducing the S‐procedure, such that the closed‐loop system is stable and the solutions converge to a ball. The control design conditions are relaxed and design flexibility is enhanced because of the developed controller. By introducing the output‐space partition method and S‐procedure, the unmatched regions between the system plant and the controller caused by the quantization errors can be solved in the control design. Finally, simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Verstärkungsmethode für aussteifende Mauerwerkswände in Erdbebengebieten
Authors: Wertenbroch Axel , Ötes Atilla 
Published: May 2019

AbstractZur Verbesserung des Tragverhaltens von aussteifenden Mauerwerkswänden unter Erdbebeneinwirkung wurde an der TU Dortmund eine neuartige Verstärkungsmethode entwickelt. Dünne textilbewehrte Betonelemente, die mittels mechanischer Verbindungsmittel an der Mauerwerkswand befestigt werden, führen zu einem Wandsystem, das nicht nur die Anforderungen an Integrität und Tragwiderstand erfüllt, sondern auch ein duktiles Grenztragverhalten entwickelt. Nach der Vorstellung des Konzepts und der Konstruktionsprinzipien werden anhand der Ergebnisse experimenteller und rechnerischer Untersuchungen die Kapazität sowie die Wirkungsweise dieses Verstärkungssystems detailliert vorgestellt. Besonders instruktiv sind dabei die Erdbebensimulationsversuche an geschosshohen Wänden mit dem direkten Vergleich zwischen unverstärkten und verstärkten Mauerwerkswänden. Nach der genaueren Beschreibung des Tragverhaltens und der Systemvoraussetzungen wird die Wirksamkeit des Verstärkungssystems für ein Gebäude mit aussteifenden Mauerwerkswänden mittels vergleichender Erdbebenberechnung identifiziert.
High‐sensitivity simultaneous quantification of tacrolimus and 13‐O‐demethyl tacrolimus in human whole blood using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ono Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yosuke , Kaneko Tetsuya , Tanaka Ryota , Sato Fuminori , Sato Yuhki , Mimata Hiromitsu , Itoh Hiroki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBlood concentrations of tacrolimus show large variability among patients and the narrow therapeutic range is related to adverse effects. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring is needed for strict management. 13‐O‐Demethyl tacrolimus (13‐O‐DMT) was reported as the major metabolite formed by cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A such as CYP3A5. In previous studies, the best lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.1 ng/mL for both substances. However, this LLOQ may not be low enough now because the dosage of tacrolimus has decreased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a high‐sensitivity and high‐throughput assay for simultaneous quantification of tacrolimus and 13‐O‐DMT in human whole blood using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Thirty‐five stable kidney transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus were recruited in this study. The calibration curve range was 0.04–40 ng/mL. All calibration samples and quality control samples fulfilled the requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency guidelines for assay validation. Trough concentrations of tacrolimus and 13‐O‐DMT in 35 stable kidney transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus were within the range of the respective calibration curve. Our novel UPLC–MS/MS method is more sensitive than previous methods for quantification of tacrolimus and 13‐O‐DMT.