bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of simvastatin/DMβCD complex and its pharmacokinetics in rats
Authors: Gu Fugen , Ning Jia , Fan Huimin , Wu Chunzhi , Wang Yi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Simvastatin is poorly bioavailable because it is practically insoluble in water and shows dissolution rate-limited absorption. Solubilizing effects of several β-cyclodextrin (βCD) derivatives such as HPβCD, SBEβCD and DMβCD on simvastatin in aqueous solution were investigated using the phase solubility technique. The solubility diagram of simvastatin with each βCD derivative could be classified as AL-type, indicating soluble complex formation of 1:1 stoichiometry. Among the above βCD derivatives DMβCD was found to be the ideal complexing agent for improving drug solubility. The simvastatin complex with DMβCD was prepared using the co-evaporation method and was then characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and in vitro dissolution. Dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the simvastatin/DMβCD complex exhibited an increased dissolution rate, rapid absorption, and improved bioavailability in rats compared to free drug. Maximum plasma concentration (c
max) and the time to reach it (t
max) were 21.86 μg mL−1 and 1.4 h for the drug complex, 8.25 μg mL−1 and 3.0 h for free drug, respectively. Main pharmacokinetic parameters such as t
max, c
max were significantly different (p < 0.01) between the simvastatin complex and free drug. Bioavailability of the simvastatin complex relative to free drug was up to 167.0 %.
Spectrofluorimetric method for atenolol determination based on gold nanoparticles
Authors: Bakir Esam , Gouda Mohamed , Alnajjar Ahmed , Boraie Waleed E. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for determination of atenolol (ATE) using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed. The method is based on the quenching effect of atenolol on photoluminescence of AuNPs at λ
em = 705 nm. Variables affecting luminescence of gold nanoparticles such as the solvent, pH value and surfactant were studied and optimized. The method was preliminarily validated according to ICH guidelines. A linear correlation was recorded within the range of 1.0–10 mg mL−1 ATE with the coefficient of determination R
2 of 0.999. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for atenolol were found to be 0.87 and 2.64 mg mL−1, resp. Good recoveries in the range of 98.7–100.0 % were obtained for spiked samples. The proposed method was applied successfully to assaying atenolol in pharmaceuticals formulations.
Collyriclosis in Red-backed shrikes Lanius collurio from Israel and Czech Republic
Authors: Osoba V. , Sedláček J. , Hanzlíková M. , Literák I. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
One juvenile Red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) with a cutaneous cyst of Collyriclum faba under its beak was observed in Israel on 13 October 2016. Another Red-backed shrike (adult female) with multiple cutaneous cysts around the vent was observed in Průhonice, Czech Republic on 19 June 2017. A third Red-backed shrike (adult male) with three cutaneous cysts around the vent was observed in Mariánské Radčice, Czech Republic on 16 July 2017. In the Israeli case, two adult trematodes C. faba were found in the cutaneous cyst. In the two Czech cases, C. faba was identified indirectly by analysing the cutaneous cyst morphology. C. faba had never been recorded previously in Israel.
History and Main Research Currents in Polish Medical Geography
Authors: Michalski Tomasz 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe main aim of the study is to present the history and the state of research in Polish medical geography. Its origins are the same as in world geography, i.e. it is associated with non-geographers. However, it was developing very slowly till the mid-1980s. Since then a slow increase in the number of publications has been noted (with a noticeable predominance of studies in disease geography over health geography). But still, it must be emphasised that medical geography in Poland is poorly developed.
Peri-Urban Development as a Significant Rural Development Trend
Authors: Biegańska Jadwiga , Środa-Murawska Stefania , Kruzmetra Zenija , Swiaczny Frank 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The paper focuses on demographic and social changes caused by peri-urban development in rural areas in Latvia, Poland, and Germany after the system transformation began. The article analyses peri-urban development as a mostly rural phenomenon, and as a process of rural displacement. Rural development interacts with urban influences, changing the role and functions of rural areas. This is reflected by a departure from agricultural functions, more intensive construction activities and changes in land use. This also includes intensive socio-demographic and socio-cultural changes. Simultaneously there are significant population inflows, both urban and rural (from more peripheral rural areas), an increase in population density, changes of population structure etc. The paper shows that peri-urban development as a general rural trend began later in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe (after the transformation) than in Western Europe, but the processes and phenomena presently observed in Eastern and Western Europe are similar.
Management of bimalleolar fracture in pregnancy
Authors: Uzunov Ana , Popescu Dan , Bodean Oana , Munteanu Octavian , Voicu Diana , Arsene Luciana , Pauleţ Florina , Cîrstoiu Monica , Cîrstoiu Cătălin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Ankle fracture is one of the most common fractures in adults and among pregnant women. In pregnancy, the treatment must be prompt because of the risks and complications that could involve both mother and fetus. In this article, we reported the management of a patient with a bimalleolar fracture in pregnancy, its treatment, and evolution.
Peningkatan Mutu Proses Pembuatan Cat Solvent dengan Metode Taguchi di PT JI
Authors: Azwir Hery Hamdi , Mahfud  
Published: April 2018

In a manufacturing process, quality is not only seen from the final product, but also manufacturing process. PT JI located in Cikarang is a company that produces paints and powder coating. Currently, the company has problems with 24.16% products that need rework or additional process. To increase productivity, PT JI applies the A3 project that is Right First Time (RFT). RFT is how to create a product with a one-time process and produce a product that has good quality on the first test. The average percentage of total RFT products in September 2016-January 2017 was 75.84%. This result is still below the company target of 80%. This study found the source of problems analyzed the manufacturing process using control chart, process capability, fishbone, and pareto. Taguchi method and ANOVA are applied to improve the design process. The application of the Taguchi Method shows that the factors which influence the value of viscosity quality are number of White Spirit, Number of Genekyd, Total Tio2 (kaolin), and mixing temperature, where each factor has an optimal level of 26.01%, 56.07%, 18.78% and 45oC. Then, it is found that all control factors have significant effect on viscosity value from ANOVA analysis. The application of this Taguchi method increases the process capability to Cp = 1.68 and Cpk = 1.43 from Cp = 0.29 and Cpk = 0.18, as well as an increase in RFT percentage of 5.78% or to 81.62% over the last two months.
EFFECT OF CHICORY LEAF EXTRACT SEED HARDENING CUM FOLIAR SPRAY TO IMPROVE RESULTANT SEED QULAITY IN SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) cv. TMV 3 UNDER RAINFED CONDITION.
Authors: B. Sunil Kumar G. Sathiya Narayanan, , R. Anandan M. Prakash, 
Published: April 2018

An evaluation was carried out to study the effect pre sowing seed treatment and foliar spay with chicory leaf extract on resultant seed quality characters of sesame cv TMV 3. The bulk seeds were graded for uniformity using appropriate round perforated metal sieves of sizes of 5/64" size sieve and were imposed various concentration of chicory leaf extract presowing treatment coupled with foliar spray at different concentration under drought condition. After harvest the resultant seeds were evaluated for its seed qualities. The results revealed that the that the Chicory @ 20 % Pre sowing seed treatment + Chicory foliar spray @ 30 % during pod filling stage significantly increased the resultant seed quality characters of the sesame, when compared to other concentration and control.
The Bad Breaks of Walter White: An Evolutionary Approach to the Fictional Antihero
Authors: Kjeldgaard-Christiansen Jens 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the nature and appeal of morally ambiguous protagonists, or anti-heroes, through an evolutionary lens. It argues that morally ambiguous protagonists navigate conflicts between prosocial and antisocial motivational pulls. In so doing they present audiences with a window onto the conflicts inherent in human sociality. Working from this premise, the article analyzes the morally ambiguous protagonist Walter White from the TV seriesBreaking Bad, complementing the analysis with survey results. The article finally discusses critically the role of moral disengagement in enjoyment of stories with morally ambiguous protagonists.
A Cross-Disciplinary Survey of Beliefs about Human Nature, Culture, and Science
Authors: Carroll Joseph , Johnson John A. , Salmon Catherine , Kjeldgaard-Christiansen Jens , Clasen Mathias , Jonsson Emelie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHow far has the Darwinian revolution come? To what extent have evolutionary ideas penetrated into the social sciences and humanities? Are the “science wars” over? Or do whole blocs of disciplines face off over an unbridgeable epistemic gap? To answer questions like these, contributors to top journals in 22 disciplines were surveyed on their beliefs about human nature, culture, and science. More than 600 respondents completed the survey. Scoring patterns divided into two main sets of disciplines. Genetic influences were emphasized in the evolutionary social sciences, evolutionary humanities, psychology, empirical study of the arts, philosophy, economics, and political science. Environmental influences were emphasized in most of the humanities disciplines and in anthropology, sociology, education, and women's or gender studies. Confidence in scientific explanation correlated positively with emphasizing genetic influences on behavior, and negatively with emphasizing environmental influences. Knowing the current actual landscape of belief should help scholars avoid sterile debates and ease the way toward fruitful collaborations with neighboring disciplines.
Animal Metaphors Revisited: New Uses of Art, Literature, and Science in an Environmental Studies Course
Authors: Hart Kathleen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article describes a team-taught environmental studies course called Animal Metaphors. Focusing on animal metaphors in literature and film, the course emphasizes various cognitive and perceptual biases that lead humans to place ourselves above and beyond nature, making us more likely to engage in practices destructive to the environment. Whereas the first iteration of the course underscored various ways in which humans are less rational or moral than we imagine, the new iteration shifted more of the focus to what inspires and motivates humans, gives us emotional resilience, and best creates conditions for mental well-being as we cooperate and collaborate. This seemed an appropriate tack to take in an age commonly referred to as the “Anthropocene.” We thus continued to examine our status as evolved animals while also calling more attention to spiritual or ecstatic experience, music, humor, and the uniquely human ability for shared intentionality.
Poetic Justice and Edith Wharton's “Xingu”: An Evolutionary Psychological Approach
Authors: Saunders Judith P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInsights generated in the emerging field of evolutionary psychology offer a useful new framework for examining Edith Wharton's “Xingu.” The satiric wit energizing this well-known short story depends in large measure upon the obtuseness of its central characters, who embrace counterfactual estimations of their gifts and attainments: thwarting the operations of poetic justice in order to protect social reputation and self-image, they become objects of derision. Their behavior illustrates the workings of adaptive mechanisms for self-deception. Insofar as their comically exaggerated commitment to false self-presentation illustrates universal features of evolved human nature, the target of Wharton's scorn is accordingly enlarged. Her narrative spotlights the psychological processes that sustain self-deception and scapegoating, raising serious questions concerning human claims to rational thought and ethical principle.
Neuroaesthetics: The State of the Domain in 2017
Authors: Kozbelt Aaron 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this article, I assess the current state of neuroaesthetics by reviewing 10 recent books on neuroscientific and evolutionary aspects of aesthetic cognition. These books largely continue the main thrust of this genre since its inception. Virtually all are insightful and thought-provoking, though their individual strengths vary. Among them, Shimamura and Palmer's edited book, Aesthetic Science, provides the most useful and balanced interdisciplinary framework, making philosophy and psychology equal partners with neuroscience. This pluralistic mode, dethroning neuroscience from its usual hegemony, seems best poised to address heretofore neglected issues in neuroaesthetics research. I address several dichotomous tensions—high versus low art, the drive for creative innovation versus evolutionarily canalized aesthetic biases, and explicit versus implicit aspects of aesthetic cognition—to identify promising future research directions, which can best be fulfilled though interdisciplinary cooperation and debate, with a continued emphasis on evolutionary theory.
Closely Observed Animals, Hunter-Gatherers, and Visual Imagery in Upper Paleolithic Art
Authors: Hodgson Derek 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Parallels are often made between the culture of San hunter-gatherers of southern Africa and that of European Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers. Despite different environmental conditions and lifestyles, the fact that both groups live by hunting provides a point of comparison that can afford insights into Ice Age art. Focusing on both groups' hunting relationships with prey animals can illuminate the intermeshing of human and animal traits in Upper Paleolithic art. We can now give a fairly precise account of the cognitive and affective neurological mechanisms that facilitate hunting and that also have an impact on depicting animals.
Imagination, the Junkyard of the Mind
Authors: Harpham Geoffrey Galt 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The subject of the imagination represents a challenge to all disciplines, but especially to philosophy and anthropology, which take human cognition and behavior as their subjects. The ubiquity of imagination in all human activities suggests that this faculty is at the core of human species identity, but such ubiquity may also indicate that the term is insufficiently precise to be useful as a description of some particular feature of the human mind.
Language, Experience, and Imagination: The Invention and Evolution of Language
Authors: Boyd Brian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Ever since Chomsky, language has been considered primarily as an individual cognitive capacity. Even linguists who reject Chomsky's hypotheses accept this assumption. Daniel Dor proposes instead that language is a socially invented communication technology. It differs from all other animal communication systems, including human nonverbal communication, in that it can instruct the imaginations of others about things not shared with the speaker in the here and now. Dor's proposal solves the problem of the evolution of language, assigns a key role to individual differences in language evolution, change, diversity, acquisition, and use, unifies the many divided branches of linguistics, and solves or points toward solutions in many central areas of the subject, from semantics and syntax to pragmatics and the relation between language and thought. It promises not only to change the face of the language sciences, but also to have profound implications for anthropology, biology, cultural studies, literary studies, philosophy, politics, and religion, and for our understanding of human experience.
Adverse events following immunisation with a meningococcal serogroup B vaccine: report from post-marketing surveillance, Germany, 2013 to 2016
Authors: Mentzer Dirk , Oberle Doris , Keller-Stanislawski Brigitte 
Published: April 2018

Background and aim
In January 2013, a novel vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B, the multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB), was approved by the European Medicines Agency. We aimed to evaluate the safety profile of this vaccine. Methods: All adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) reported from Germany since the vaccine’s launch in Germany in November 2013 through December 2016 were reviewed and analysed. Results: Through December 2016, a total of 664 individual case safety reports (ICSR) notifying 1,960 AEFI were received. A majority of vaccinees for whom AEFI were reported were children 2 to 11 years of age (n = 280; 42.2%) followed by infants and toddlers aged 28 days to 23 months (n = 170; 25.6%). General disorders and administration site conditions was the System Organ Class (SOC) with the majority of AEFI (n = 977; 49.8%), followed by nervous system disorders (n = 249; 12.7%), and skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (n = 191; 9.7%). Screening of patient records for immune-mediated and neurological diseases did not raise any safety signal in terms of an increased proportional reporting ratio (PRR). Conclusions: The safety profile described in the Summary of Product Characteristics, in general, is confirmed by data from spontaneous reporting. No safety concerns were identified.
Problemas de agencia en la educación básica en México: un diagnóstico institucional
Authors: Angulo Cázares Reynaldo 
Published: April 2018

Dada la centralidad que la reforma educativa del Pacto por México pone a las reglas del juego ―vis a vis conducta docente―, este artículo examina el diseño institucional que le precede. Se problematizaron afirmaciones de que el diseño previo creaba problemas de agencia. El objetivo fue demostrar la configuración de un tipo específico de problema de agencia: el riesgo moral organizacional. Se de-construyó la normatividad con la Herramienta de la Gramática Institucional de Crawford y Ostrom (1995). El IGT permite identificar sistemáticamente las reglas presentes ―si las hubiere― en documentos de políticas, develando el código genético de las políticas que configuran arenas, lugar en que los individuos interactúan. Se encontró que la forma en que se estructura el control administrativo en los planteles en relación a la aplicación de sanciones a maestros constituye una situación de riesgo moral dado sus supuestos.
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan terhadap Harga SahamPerusahaan-Perusahaan Produsen Kabel yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Adha Chinderayi , Dewi Farida Ratna 
Published: April 2018

<p>Industri kabel merupakan industri yang bergerak di bidang pembuatan kabel dan kawat aluminium dan tembaga serta bahan baku lainnya, beserta seluruh komponen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : 1) Menganalisis <em>Net Profit Margin</em> (NPM), <em>Return On Investment </em>(ROI),<em> Return on Equity </em>(ROE),<em> </em>dan<em> Earning Per Share </em>(EPS) periode 2008-2012 pada perusahaan produsen kabel yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI);2) Menganalisis pengaruh NPM, ROI, ROE, dan EPS periode 2008-2012 terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan kabeldi BEI Metode yang akan digunakan adalah <em>Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square </em>(SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai <em>outer loading original sample</em> NPM sebesar 0.792, ROI sebesar 0.873, ROE sebesar 0.895, dan EPS sebesar 0.905<em>. </em>Semakin tinggi nilainya berarti indikator tersebut semakin mewakili konstrak dan berpengaruh terhadap harga saham. Sehingga indikator paling berpengaruh terhadap harga saham adalah EPS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konstrak kinerja keuangan mampu menjelaskan harga saham sebesar 44.4%.</p>Kata kunci: BEI, kabel , kinerja keuangan, saham
Peningkatan Daya Saing UMKM Alas Kaki di Kecamatan Ciomas, Kabupaten Bogor dan Implikasinya terhadap Strategi Pemasaran
Authors: Nurzamzami Ayatusyifa , Siregar Edward Halomoan 
Published: April 2018

<p> Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) alas kaki di Kecamatan Ciomas, Kabupaten Bogor merupakan salah satu wilayah pengrajin <em>home industry</em>. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : 1) Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan daya saing produk; 2) Menganalisis faktor internal dan eksternal; dan (3) Menyusun strategi serta membuat prioritas strategi untuk meningkatkan daya saing UMKM alas kaki di Kecamatan Ciomas. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan utama untuk memiliki daya saing adalah memiliki hubungan jangka panjang yang baik dengan para pemasok dan pelanggan dengan skor 0.488, potensi pasar yang cukup besar merupakan peluang utama dengan skor 0.534, analisis ancaman utama adalah semakin lengkap dan inovatif desain fitur produk pesaing yang didukung teknologi canggih dengan skor 0.372. Alternatif strategi prioritas adalah strategi mengembangkan dan memperluas pasar dengan meningkatkan kualitas dan inovasi produk dengan bobot 0.316.</p>Kata kunci : alas kaki, analisis daya saing, dan strategi.