bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultralow FeIII Ion Doping Triggered Generation of Ni3S2 Ultrathin Nanosheet for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Liyuan , Li Yibin , Sun Qiangqiang , Qiang Qi , Shen Yuqian , Ma Yi , Wang Zenglin , Zhao Chuan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a sluggish process for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen fuel. In this work, ultralow level of Fe(III) ion triggered Ni3S2 nanosheet grownon nickel foam (NF) for the enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards OER was reported for the first time. The OER electrocatalytic activity of the Fe(III)−Ni3S2/NF electrode was improved remarkably by adding only 2.1 (at.)% Fe(III) ion into the developed electrode and it merely requires an overpotential of η=213 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2, significantly lower than both the Ni3S2/NF electrode (η=324 mV) and the benchmark RuO2/NF electrode (η=240 mV). As far as we know, this is the lowest overpotential to achieve the same value based on the reported Ni‐based sulfides. Meanwhile, the kinetic studies show that the Fe2.1%−Ni3S2/NF electrode possessed a much smaller Tafel slope (33.2 mV dec−1) than that of Ni3S2/NF electrode (72.1 mV dec−1), demonstrating a fast reaction pathway. Further investigations attribute the enhanced OER activity to: (i) the addition of appropriate Fe(III) ions are favorable for the formation of interconnected Ni3S2 ultrathin nanosheets, rather than keeping the original wrinkled fusiform nanorods, thus leading to a 2‐fold significantly enlarged electrochemical active surface areas,(ii) the improved surface wettability can result in an enhanced compatibility and affinity of the catalyst with the electrode, which is good for gas bubble evolution and (iii) the enhanced intrinsic electrocatalytic activity due to the electronic structure regulating effect of Fe(III) lead to a fast shuttling of charge transfers during OER between the electrode and the solution.
Solvent‐Driven Reversible Phase Transition of a Pillared Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Lan , Fan Wen‐Wen , Lu Zhi‐Xiang , Qin Yu , Yang Shao‐Xiong , Li Yuan , Liu Yan‐Xiong , Zheng Li‐Yan , Cao Qiu‐E 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOver the last decade, the controllable reversible phase transition of functional materials has received growing interest as it shows unique suitability for various technological applications. Although many metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) possess a lamellar structure, the reversible structural transformation of MOFs between their three‐dimensional (3D) phase and two‐dimensional (2D) phase remains a largely unexplored area. Herein, we report for the first time a europium MOF with unprecedented reversible morphology in different solvents at room temperature. This europium MOF displayed a 3D nanorod morphology in organic solvent and a 2D nanobelt architecture in water. As a proof of concept for potential applications of this reversible‐phase‐transition MOF, we were able to use a delamination recovery method to load dye molecules that previously could not be loaded into europium MOFs.
Design of CK2β‐Mimicking Peptides as Tools To Study the CK2α/CK2β Interaction in Cancer Cells
Authors: Lindenblatt Dirk , Horn Mareike , Götz Claudia , Niefind Karsten , Neundorf Ines , Pietsch Markus 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ubiquitously expressed Ser/Thr kinase CK2 is a key regulator in a variety of key processes in normal and malignant cells. Due to its distinctive anti‐apoptotic and tumor‐driving properties, elevated levels of CK2 have frequently been found in tumors of different origin. In recent years, development of CK2 inhibitors has largely been focused on ATP‐competitive compounds; however, targeting the CK2α/CK2β interface has emerged as a further concept that might avoid selectivity issues. To address the CK2 subunit interaction site, we have synthesized halogenated CK2β‐mimicking cyclic peptides modified with the cell‐penetrating peptide sC18 to mediate cellular uptake. We investigated the binding of the resulting chimeric peptides to recombinant human CK2α using a recently developed fluorescence anisotropy assay. The iodinated peptide sC18‐I‐Pc was identified as a potent CK2α ligand (Ki=0.622 μm). It was internalized in cells to a high extent and exhibited significant cytotoxicity toward cancerous HeLa cells (IC50=37 μm) in contrast to non‐cancerous HEK‐293 cells. The attractive features and functionalities of sC18‐I‐Pc offer the opportunity for further improvement.
A comprehensive performance evaluation of the BinLPT workload‐aware loop scheduler
Authors: Penna Pedro Henrique , A. Gomes Antônio Tadeu , Castro Márcio , D.M. Plentz Patricia , C. Freitas Henrique , Broquedis François , Méhaut Jean‐François 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWorkload‐aware loop schedulers were introduced to deliver better performance than classical loop scheduling strategies. However, they presented limitations such as inflexible built‐in workload estimators and suboptimal chunk scheduling. Targeting these challenges, we proposed previously a workload‐aware scheduling strategy called BinLPT, which relies on three features: (i) user‐supplied estimations of the workload of the loop; (ii) a greedy heuristic that adaptively partitions the iteration space in several chunks; and (iii) a scheduling scheme based on the Longest Processing Time (LPT) rule and on‐demand technique. In this paper, we present two new contributions to the state‐of‐the‐art. First, we introduce a multiloop support feature to BinLPT, which enables the reuse of estimations across loops. Based on this feature, we integrated BinLPT into a real‐world elastodynamics application, and we evaluated it running on a supercomputer. Second, we present an evaluation of BinLPT using simulations as well as synthetic and application kernels. We carried out this analysis on a large‐scale NUMA machine under a variety of workloads. Our results revealed that BinLPT is better at balancing the workloads of the loop iterations and this behavior improves as the algorithmic complexity of the loop increases. Overall, BinLPT delivers up to 37.15% and 9.11% better performance than well‐known loop scheduling strategies, for the application kernels and the elastodynamics simulation, respectively.
Key node selection based on a genetic algorithm for fast patching in social networks
Authors: Kim Bongjae , Jung Jinman , Heo Junyoung , Min Hong 
Published: February 2019

SummaryOnline social network users provide considerable amounts of personal information and share this information with friends without space‐time limitations. The tight connectivity among users of social networks causes the rapid spreading of information. Given the popularity of social networking sites, there is a high probability of attacks. Worms target popular users with interesting information to infect them, as their higher reputations have more power in social networks. Therefore, timely patch propagation schemes must be able to inhibit the activity of worms. To improve the patch propagation speed, it is important to select key nodes that are the starting points of the patch process. In this paper, we proposed a key node selection scheme based on a genetic algorithm to find the most significant contribution nodes of patch propagation. We modeled the usage patterns of an online social network user and simulated the proposed scheme with data from this user. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme propagates patches more rapidly than existing schemes.
Factors Affecting Tamoxifen Metabolism in Patients With Breast Cancer: Preliminary Results of the French PHACS Study
Authors: Puszkiel Alicja , Arellano Cécile , Vachoux Christelle , Evrard Alexandre , Le Morvan Valérie , Boyer Jean‐Christophe , Robert Jacques , Delmas Caroline , Dalenc Florence , Debled Marc , Venat‐Bouvet Laurence , Jacot William , Suc Etienne , Sillet‐Bach Isabelle , Filleron Thomas , Roché Henri , Chatelut Etienne , White‐Koning Melanie , Thomas Fabienne 
Published: February 2019

In addition to the effect of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 genetic polymorphisms, the metabolism of tamoxifen may be impacted by other factors with possible consequences on therapeutic outcome (efficacy and toxicity). This analysis focused on the pharmacokinetic (PK)‐pharmacogenetic evaluation of tamoxifen in 730 patients with adjuvant breast cancer included in a prospective multicenter study. Plasma concentrations of tamoxifen and six major metabolites, the genotype for 63 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, and comedications were obtained 6 months after treatment initiation. Plasma concentrations of endoxifen were significantly associated with CYP2D6 diplotype (P < 0.0001), CYP3A4*22 genotype (P = 0.0003), and concomitant intake of potent CYP2D6 inhibitors (P < 0.001). Comparison of endoxifen levels showed that the CYP2D6 phenotype classification could be improved by grouping intermediate metabolizer (IM)/IM and IM/poor metabolizer diplotype into IM phenotype for future use in tamoxifen therapy optimization. Finally, the multivariable regression analysis showed that formation of tamoxifen metabolites was independently impacted by CYP2D6 diplotype and CYP3A4*22, CYP2C19*2, and CYP2B6*6 genetic polymorphisms.
Are cultural values sufficient to improve stakeholder engagement human and labour rights issues?
Authors: Cubilla‐Montilla Mitzi , Nieto‐Librero Ana‐Belén , Galindo‐Villardón Ma Purificación , Vicente Galindo Ma Purificación , Garcia‐Sanchez Isabel‐María 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe complexity of the business world and current business models has motivated an increasing number of companies to disclose corporate information through sustainability reports. This reporting and stakeholders engagement may bring shared value to business and society in general although working towards sustainable development goals. This work adopts a new analytical approach by determining the global reporting initiative indicators related to labour practices and decent work, human rights, society, and product responsibility that are reported less frequently by companies. The final objective is to predict the influence that society's cultural values will play as a normative institutional pressure in their evolution. The results obtained for a sample comprising the 201 largest international companies that report in accordance with the recommendations of the G4 Guide in 2015 indicate that more than 50% of these large companies do not report specific mechanisms implemented to avoid violations of human rights and labour rights, or information on incidents related to production and commercial relations. Regulatory pressures associated with cultural values have limited effectiveness as drivers of greater corporate transparency in this area, as they are able to predict a favourable evolution for only 40% of companies that currently do not report.
Iron‐Catalyzed ortho C−H Arylation and Methylation of Pivalophenone N−H Imines
Authors: Xu Wengang , Yoshikai Naohiko 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIron‐catalyzed ortho C−H arylation and methylation reactions of pivalophenone N−H imines are reported. The pivaloyl N−H imine proved an excellent directing group for the arylation with diarylzinc reagents in the presence of an iron‐diphosphine catalyst and 2,3‐dichlorobutane at room temperature. A similar catalytic system also allowed methylation with Me3Al at 70 °C. The pivaloyl imine of the product could be readily converted to a cyano group, thus allowing convenient preparation of ortho‐functionalized benzonitriles.
Memcapacitor emulator based on the Miller effect
Authors: Romero Francisco J. , Morales Diego P. , Godoy Andres , Ruiz Francisco G. , Tienda‐Luna Isabel M. , Ohata Akiko , Rodriguez Noel 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis work provides the guidelines to design and implement an elemental memcapacitor circuit emulator based on the relation between memcapacitance and the Miller effect in voltage amplifiers. The emulator is presented theoretically in a top‐down approach, from the circuit behavior to the foundations of the constitutive equations of the memcapacitance and the electrical mutation of a memristor. Then, a practical and simple circuit implementation is demonstrated by SPICE computer simulations, circumventing the solid‐state memristor by a two‐state flux‐dependent resistor, which modulates the gain of the amplifier in consonance to the flux of the input signal. Further electrical properties of the system are extracted from its physical implementation in a field‐programmable analog array. The work is concluded illustrating the functionality of the memcapacitor emulator to study neuromorphic applications with a long‐term potentiation example.
Dynamic switch migration with noncooperative game towards control plane scalability in SDN
Authors: Wu Guowei , Wang Jinlei , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Yao Lin , Hsiao Kuei‐Fang 
Published: February 2019

SummaryAs software‐defined networking (SDN) is a logically centralized technology, the control plane scalability in SDN is increasingly important with the network scale increasing. Load balancing and maximizing resource utilization are very critical to the control plane in SDN, while switch migration is an effective approach to achieve these two performance metrics. However, switch migration is NP‐hard problem because it belongs to the problem of combinatorial optimization. To avoid the NP‐hard problem, we propose a switch migration scheme by adopting noncooperative game to improve the control plane scalability in SDN. First, we design a novel load balancing monitoring scheme to detect the load imbalance between controllers and trigger migrating switches. Then, we use noncooperative game among controllers to decide switch migration to get the maximizing overall profits. Last, we prove that our proposed approach can get Pareto optimality. Extensive simulations prove that our method is able to achieve a more scalable control plane with load balancing and maximizing resource utilization.
In a squeeze: Epibiosis may affect the distribution of kelp forests
Authors: Sogn Andersen Guri , Moy Frithjof E. , Christie Hartvig 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe processes limiting the population recovery of the kelp Saccharina latissima after recent large‐scale loss from the south coast of Norway are poorly understood. Previous investigations do, however, suggest that the impacts of biotic interactions (epibiosis and competition) and increased water turbidity are important. We investigated the depth‐related patterns of growth, epibiosis, and mortality in two sample populations of kelp, from the south and the southwest coast of Norway. The investigations were performed over a period of seven months, in a crossed translocational study, where kelps were mounted on rigs at six depths (1, 3, 6, 9, 15, and 24 m). In a second experiment, the amounts of light blocked by different epibiont layers growing on the kelp frond were investigated. While growth decreased with depth in spring and summer, the kelp grew faster at 15 m than at shallower depths in fall. Survival was low both in shallow water and below 15 m depth. Epibionts covered the kelp growing at depths from 1 to 9 m, and the laboratory study showed that the coverage may have deprived the individuals of as much as 90% of the available light. Although the depth‐related results we present apply—in the strictest sense—only to kelp translocated on rigs, we argue that the relative patterns are relevant for natural populations. Growth and survival of S. latissima is likely to be reduced by heavy loads of epibionts, while depths where epibionts are sparse may be close to the lower limit of the kelps depth distribution along the south coast of Norway. This suggests that a vertical squeeze, or narrowing of the distribution range of kelp forests may be occurring in Norway.
Coastal marine ecosystem connectivity: pelagic ocean to kelp forest subsidies
Authors: Zuercher Rachel , Galloway Aaron W. E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe movement of trophic resources between and among ecosystems, referred to as cross‐ecosystem subsidies, is a common phenomenon. In the marine environment, both adjacent and distant ecosystems are connected by oceanographic forces that transport nutrients, organisms, and other materials. Kelp forest ecosystems are one example of an open marine system that both exports and receives trophic subsidies. Though rocky reefs are rich in kelp‐based energy produced internally, kelp forest organisms also rely on phytoplankton, and the influx of holoplankton and meroplankton from adjacent open ocean habitats. In this paper, we seek to clarify the identity of holoplanktonic and meroplanktonic subsidies, quantify their energetic and nutrient contributions to the kelp forest, and further explore the impacts of these subsidies for individual consumers and for kelp forest communities. We reviewed six individual subsidy organisms that are commonly advected to kelp forests on the West coast of North America, and show that these organisms from the pelagic ocean represent important resource pulses for kelp forest consumers. In addition, we summarize the characteristics of subsidies, consumers, and recipient ecosystems that provide insight into the dynamics of subsidy influx and impacts to recipient systems. Finally, we provide suggestions as scientists move forward with efforts to quantify the impacts of cross‐ecosystem subsidies. Trophic subsidies are a major force shaping both marine and terrestrial communities and ecosystems. Quantitative information about these subsidies and their impacts on food webs will not only improve our understanding of these ecosystems, but also improve food web models, and predictions of ecosystem response to change.
Tree mortality submodels drive simulated long‐term forest dynamics: assessing 15 models from the stand to global scale
Authors: Bugmann Harald , Seidl Rupert , Hartig Florian , Bohn Friedrich , Brůna Josef , Cailleret Maxime , François Louis , Heinke Jens , Henrot Alexandra‐Jane , Hickler Thomas , Hülsmann Lisa , Huth Andreas , Jacquemin Ingrid , Kollas Chris , Lasch‐Born Petra , Lexer Manfred J. , Merganič Ján , Merganičová Katarína , Mette Tobias , Miranda Brian R. , Nadal‐Sala Daniel , Rammer Werner , Rammig Anja , Reineking Björn , Roedig Edna , Sabaté Santi , Steinkamp Jörg , Suckow Felicitas , Vacchiano Giorgio , Wild Jan , Xu Chonggang , Reyer Christopher P. O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractModels are pivotal for assessing future forest dynamics under the impacts of changing climate and management practices, incorporating representations of tree growth, mortality, and regeneration. Quantitative studies on the importance of mortality submodels are scarce. We evaluated 15 dynamic vegetation models (DVMs) regarding their sensitivity to different formulations of tree mortality under different degrees of climate change. The set of models comprised eight DVMs at the stand scale, three at the landscape scale, and four typically applied at the continental to global scale. Some incorporate empirically derived mortality models, and others are based on experimental data, whereas still others are based on theoretical reasoning. Each DVM was run with at least two alternative mortality submodels. Model behavior was evaluated against empirical time series data, and then, the models were subjected to different scenarios of climate change. Most DVMs matched empirical data quite well, irrespective of the mortality submodel that was used. However, mortality submodels that performed in a very similar manner against past data often led to sharply different trajectories of forest dynamics under future climate change. Most DVMs featured high sensitivity to the mortality submodel, with deviations of basal area and stem numbers on the order of 10–40% per century under current climate and 20–170% under climate change. The sensitivity of a given DVM to scenarios of climate change, however, was typically lower by a factor of two to three. We conclude that (1) mortality is one of the most uncertain processes when it comes to assessing forest response to climate change, and (2) more data and a better process understanding of tree mortality are needed to improve the robustness of simulated future forest dynamics. Our study highlights that comparing several alternative mortality formulations in DVMs provides valuable insights into the effects of process uncertainties on simulated future forest dynamics.
Storm response of a mixed sand gravel beach ridge plain under falling relative sea levels: A stratigraphic investigation using ground penetrating radar
Authors: Pitman Sebastian J. , Jol Harry M. , Shulmeister James , Hart Deirdre E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBeach ridge stratigraphy can provide an important record of both sustained coastal progradation and responses to events such as extreme storms, as well as evidence of earthquake induced sediment pulses. This study is a stratigraphic investigation of the late Holocene mixed sand gravel (MSG) beach ridge plain on the Canterbury coast, New Zealand. The subsurface was imaged along a 370 m shore‐normal transect using 100 and 200 MHz ground penetrating radar (GPR) antennae, and cored to sample sediment textures. Results show that, seaward of a back‐barrier lagoon, the Pegasus Bay beach ridge plain prograded almost uniformly, under conditions of relatively stable sea level. Nearshore sediment supply appears to have created a sustained sediment surplus, perhaps as a result of post‐seismic sediment pulses, resulting in a flat, morphologically featureless beach ridge plain. Evidence of a high magnitude storm provides an exception, with an estimated event return period in excess of 100 years. Evidence from the GPR sequence combined with modern process observations from MSG beaches indicates that a palaeo‐storm initially created a washover fan into the back‐barrier lagoon, with a large amount of sediment simultaneously moved off the beach face into the nearshore. This erosion event resulted in a topographic depression still evident today. In the subsequent recovery period, sediment was reworked by swash onto the beach as a sequence of berm deposit laminations, creating an elevated beach ridge that also has a modern‐day topographic signature. As sediment supply returned to normal, and under conditions of falling sea level, a beach ridge progradation sequence accumulated seaward of the storm feature out to the modern‐day beach as a large flat, uniform progradation plain. This study highlights the importance of extreme storm events and earthquake pulses on MSG coastlines in triggering high volume beach ridge formation during the subsequent recovery period. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are the male reproductive units of Juniperus drupacea Labill. (Cupressaceae s.str.) a compound, polyaxial inflorescence or a dense cluster of simple, uniaxial pollen cones?
Authors: Dörken Veit Martin 
Published: February 2019

The Juniperus Section Caryocedrus (Cupressaceae) is one of the three putatively monophyletic sections of the genus. It is monotypic, presented only by J. drupacea. Male reproductive units of this species show several distinct features distinguishing it distinctly from all other Juniperus species, including an inflorescence‐like arrangement of pollen cones, an increased number of microsporangia per microsporangiophore, and microsporangia attached to the stalk in up to three subsequent rows. The male reproductive units in J. drupacea have been investigated with paraffin technique and SEM. They are hypothesized to represent a distal cluster of densely arranged, simple pollen cones, which are interpreted as being derived from an ancestral condition that is still presented in species of the Section Juniperus. This is assumed to have occurred by a profound reduction of internodes of the fertile shoot axis carrying the pollen cone and a distal shift. The increased number of microsporangia per microsporangiophore may be a response to the decreasing number of pollen cones per tree compensating for the loss of pollen, that occurred during the evolution of inflorescence‐like male reproductive units.