bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian statistics meets sports: a comprehensive review
Authors: Santos-Fernandez Edgar , Wu Paul , Mengersen Kerrie L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Bayesian methods are becoming increasingly popular in sports analytics. Identified advantages of the Bayesian approach include the ability to model complex problems, obtain probabilistic estimates and predictions that account for uncertainty, combine information sources and update learning as new data become available. The volume and variety of data produced in sports activities over recent years and the availability of software packages for Bayesian computation have contributed significantly to this growth. This comprehensive survey reviews and characterizes the latest advances in Bayesian statistics in sports, including methods and applications. We found that a large proportion of these articles focus on modeling/predicting the outcome of sports games and on the development of statistics that provides a better picture of athletes’ performance. We provide a description of some of the advances in basketball, football and baseball. We also summarise the sources of data used for the analysis and the most commonly used software for Bayesian computation. We found a similar number of publications between 2013 and 2018 as compared to those published in the three previous decades, which is an indication of the growing adoption rate of Bayesian methods in sports.
Precise volume fraction measurement for three-phase flow meter using 137Cs gamma source and one detector
Authors: Islami rad S. Z. , Gholipour Peyvandi R. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The ability to precisely predict the volume fraction percentage of the different phases flowing in a pipe plays an important role in the oil, petroleum and other industries. In this research, the volume fraction percentage was measured precisely in water-gasoil-air three-phase flows by using a single pencil beam gamma ray attenuation technique and multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network. The volume fraction percentage determination in three-phase flows requires least two gamma radioactive sources with different energies while in this study, we used just a 137Cs source (with the single energy of 662 keV) and a NaI detector. Also, in this work, the MLP neural network in MATLAB software was implemented to predict the volume fraction percentage. The experimental setup provides the required data for training and testing the network. Using this proposed method, the volume fraction was predicted in water-gasoil-air three-phase flows with mean relative error percentage less than 6.95 %. Also, the root mean square error was calculated 2.60. The set-up used is simpler than other proposed methods and cost, radiation safety and shielding requirements are minimized.
A New Application of Generalized Linear Failure Rate Distribution in Agriculture Using Ranked Set Sampling
Authors: Hassan Marwa K. H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article deals with perform inferences about stress–strength model R=P[Y&lt;X] when X and Y are two independent random variables with generalized linear failure rate distribution (GLFRD) with the same and known scale parameters but not identically shaped parameters. In the literature, estimators based on simple random sample (SRS) are widely used in estimating stress–strength model. But in the resent years, ranked set sampling (RSS) has become popular in performing statistical inference. Therefore, the estimator of R based on RSS using maximum likelihood and modified maximum likelihood are obtained. Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to compare the estimators of R are obtained using RSS and SRS. Finally, agriculture application is presented.
Evaluation of System Effectiveness of Multifunctional Hydrogen Complex at Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Aminov R. Z. , Bayramov A. N. , Garievskii M. V. 
Published: June 2019

The paper gives the analysis of the problem of the primary current frequency regulation in the power system, as well as the basic requirements for NPP power units under the conditions of involvement in the primary regulation. According to these requirements, the operation of NPPs is associated with unloading and a corresponding decrease in efficiency. In this regard, the combination of nuclear power plants with a hydrogen complex is shown to eliminate the inefficient discharge mode which allows the steam turbine equipment and equipment of the reactor facility to operate in the basic mode at the nominal power level. In addition, conditions are created for the generation and accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen during the day, as well as additionally during the nighttime failure of the electrical load which allows them to be used to generate peak power. The purpose of the article is to assess the systemic economic effect as a result of the participation of nuclear power plants in combination with the hydrogen complex in the primary control of the current frequency in the power sys-tem, taking into account the resource costs of the main equipment. In this regard, the paper gives the justification of cyclic loading of the main equipment of the hydrogen complex: metal storage tanks of hydrogen and oxygen, compressor units, hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber of vapor-hydrogen overheating of the working fluid in the steam turbine cycle of a nuclear power plant. The methodological foundations for evaluating the working life of equipment under cyclic loading with the participation in the primary frequency control by the criterion of the growth rate of a fatigue crack are described. For the equipment of the hydrogen complex, the highest intensity of loading is shown to occur in the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber due to high thermal stresses. The system economic effect is estimated and the effect of wear of the main equipment under cyclic loading is shown. Under the conditions of combining NPP power units with a hydrogen complex, the efficiency of primary reg-ulation is shown to depend significantly on: the cost of equipment subjected to cyclic loading; frequency and intensity of cyclic loading; the ratio of the tariff for peak electricity, and the cost of electricity of nuclear power plants. Based on the developed methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the participation of nuclear power plants with a hydrogen complex in the primary frequency control, taking into account the damage to the equipment, the use of the hydrogen complex is shown to provide a tangible economic effect compared with the option of unloading nuclear power plants with direct participation in frequency control.
Changes in PR2 and PAL Patterns in Barley Challenged with Leaf Stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) and Powdery Mildew (Blumeria graminis) Diseases
Authors: Al-Daoude A. , Alek H. , Jawhar M. , Al-Shehadah E. , Shoiab A. , Arabi M. I. E. 
Published: June 2019

The seed-borne (Pyrenophora graminea; Pg) and foliar
(Blumeria graminis; Bg) are two economically important
fungal pathogens of barley worldwide. Barley plant resistance genes, as the
pathogenesis related proteins play an important role in defense mechanisms. This
study aimed to monitor the expression of PR2 and
PAL pathogenesis related genes during
compatible/incompatible barley interaction with Pg and
Bg at different time points of disease development using
the Quantitative Real-time PCR technique (qRT-PCR).
Comparison of data showed that PR2 and PAL were
significantly over expressed in infected resistant and susceptible plants as
against their lower expression in controls,. Upregulation of these
defense-related genes during Pg and Bg
infections was companied with a slow development of disease symptoms at the time
course in the resistant genotype. qRT-PCR analysis revealed higher gene
expression in resistant barley plants inoculated with Pg as
compared with Bg, with a maximum expression for
PR2 (13.8 and 5.06-fold) and PAL (14.8 and
4.51-fold) respectively, at the latest stage of each disease development. It was
also noteworthy that PR2 and PAL genes, had
higher constitutive expression and faster induction for the both pathogens in
the resistant genotype as compared with the susceptible one.
Obtained results suggest that both genes, PR2 and
PAL, positively regulate Pg- and
Bg-resistance in barley plants during disease progress.
These expression patterns can provide useful insights to better understanding of
the barley–fungus interactions with different fungal lifestyles.
Viability and pathogenicity of Rhynchosporium secalis after long-term storage
Authors: Arabi M. I. E. , Alek H. , Al-Shehadah E. , Jawhar M. 
Published: June 2019

Long-term storage of Rhynchosporium secalis cultures is a challenge for any lab managing a working collection of isolates. In this work, the viability and pathogenicity of R. secalis stock cultures were tested after four years of storage at −20 °C in different concentrations of glycerol. Germinability were measured after each storage by collecting spores by coverslips and placing them on water agar in closed Petri dishes at 20–22 °C in the dark and allowed to germinate for 24 h. Additionally, at the end of each storage treatment, conidia were collected by coverslips from sporulated leaf lesions of symptomatic barley leaves and placed under similar conditions as non-stored controls.
Cultures of all stored isolates were viable with a spore germination rate of 72.28% (Rs22) after four years of storage at −20 °C in 60% glycerol. Low viability and contamination were observed when spores were stored in sterile distilled water and in Lima bean agar. All isolates continued to infect barley leaves after 4 years of storage. However, the pathogenicity was significantly (P <0.05) reduced in isolates stored in glycerol as compared with controls.
This work helps to preserve R. secalis for a long term period at −20 °C without any contamination; therefore, due to the low costs our results could be applicable for laboratories that have limited resources.
Improving Bisexual Lures for the Silver Y Moth Autographa gamma L. and Related Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Tóth M. , Landolt P. , Szarukán I. , Nagy A. , Jósvai J. K. 
Published: June 2019

The addition of synthetic eugenol and benzyl acetate to the known floral chemical
and moth attractant phenylacetaldehyde synergized attraction of the silver Y
moth Autographa gamma, an important noctuid pest. Traps baited
with the ternary blend caught 2 to 6 times more A. gamma moths
than traps baited with phenylac-etaldehyde alone. Both female and male moths
were attracted, supposedly in the natural sex ratio of the local population.
More A. gamma were caught when the blend was formulated in
dispenser types with higher release rates. Traps baited with the ternary lure in
polyethylene bag dispensers caught 20% to 34% as many moths as were caught in
traps baited with synthetic sex pheromone, suggesting that this improved
bisexual lure could be efficient enough to yield a new tool for detection and
monitoring of female and male A. gamma, for more reliable plant
protection decisions.
The same ternary lure also improved trap catches of moths over phenylacetaldehyde
alone for the plusiinae pests MacDunnoughia confusa (in Europe)
and Autographa californica (in North America) and for the
Noctuinae cutworm Xestia c-nigrum (in North America).
Translated Language or Edited Language? A Study of Passive Constructions in Translation Manuscripts and their Published Versions
Authors: Bisiada Mario 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCan translated language really be analysed based on published texts, given the many agents that may influence the translator's work before publication? This article seeks to address this question through a parallel corpus study of English business articles, their German translation manuscripts and the published German translations. The objects of study are passive voice constructions. I analyse the frequency of instances where translators used the active voice to translate verbs that are in passive voice in the source text (and vice versa), and whether editors maintained that construction or intervened to change it again. The study finds that translators use the passive voice extensively to translate active voice constructions. Editors intervene often to change such constructions back to active voice. This suggests that translators mainly passivise while editors mainly activise constructions. The tense used in the source text is shown to have an effect on whether these interventions take place or not. The article argues that there is a difference between what translated language actually is and what we find in published texts.
Self-study Strategies in Project-based Specialised Translator Training
Authors: Pietrzak Paulina 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The understanding of the role of the contemporary translator is fraught with contradictions and idealistic visions of individuals who, by definition, should be fully competent and versatile. In spite of the fact that lots of translation researchers have probed into the identification and exploration of the concept of translator competence, relatively little study has been devoted to training specialised translators and its metacognitive aspects. Due to the dynamic nature of the translator's occupation, it is difficult to predict what specific skills will prove useful for novice specialised translators in their professional career. The article aims to stress the importance of self-study in the specialised translator competence development. First, the author briefly discusses the nature of specialised translator competence in relation to medical translation and then analyses the principles of and approaches to specialised translator training. With the assumption that it is vital for the translator to be a reliable and self-reliant mediator in specialised service environment, the author poses the question of how to implement self-study strategies in specialised translator training. The article demonstrates a number of task-based terminological activities which exemplify the implementation of self-study strategies into project-based specialised translator training.
Prosody Instruction for Interpreter Trainees: Does Methodology Make a Difference? An Experimental Study
Authors: Yenkimaleki Mahmood , Van Heuven Vincent J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of explicit vs. implicit prosody teaching on the quality of consecutive interpretation by Farsi–English interpreter trainees. Three groups of student interpreters were formed. All were native speakers of Farsi who studied English translation and interpreting at the BA level at the University of Applied Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Participants were assigned to groups at random, but with equal division between genders (6 female and 6 male students in each group). No significant differences in English language skills (TOEFL scores) could be established between the groups. Participants took a pretest of consecutive interpreting before starting the program. The control group listened to authentic audio tracks and did exercises in consecutive interpreting. The first experimental group received explicit instruction of English prosody and did exercises based on the theoretical explanation which was provided by their Iranian instructor. The second experimental group received implicit instruction of English prosody through the use of recasts. The total instruction time was the same for all the groups, i.e. 10 hours. Students then took a posttest in consecutive interpretation. The results showed that explicit teaching of prosody had a significantly positive effect on the overall quality of interpreting from Farsi into English compared with that of implicit prosody instruction. These results have pedagogical implications for curriculum designers, interpreter training programs, material producers and all who are involved in language study and pedagogy.
METODE ISTINBATH HUKUM IBNU KATSÎR DALAM KITAB TAFSÎR AL-QUR’ÂN AL-AZHÎM
Authors: Bisri Hasan 
Published: June 2019

AbstrakIbnu Katsîr di kalangan para pengkaji tafsir dan ilmu-ilmu al-Quran bukan tokoh yang asing, karena kitab tafsirnya yang bercorak bi al-ma’tsûr dipergunakan sebagai salah satu kitab induk dalam studi al-Quran dan menjadi referensi utama dalam penafsiran hukum al-Quran. Karena itulah, tafsir Ibnu Katsîr yang muncul pada abad ke tujuh hijriyah dan bermazhab Syâfi‘î sudah bergitu akrab di dunia pesantren di Indonesia, dan dijadikan rujukan penting dalam pembahasan masalah-masalah keagamaan dan kemasyarakatan (masâ’il al-diniyyah wa al-ijtimâ’iyyah). Kendatipun demikian, Tafsir Ibnu Katsîr tersebut da­lam kupasan hukum-hukumnya, tidak selamanya selaras dengan mazhab Syâfi‘î, tergantung argumentasi yang dibangunnya, sehingga ter­kadang selaras dengan pemikiran Imam al-Syâfi‘î, atau sebaliknya. Metode istinbath hukum yang digunakan oleh Ibnu Katsîr lebih banyak menggunakan tarjîh sehingga terkesan moderat dan tidak ta’asub mazhab. Kata Kunci: Tafsîr bi al-ma’tsûr, Istinbâth al-Ahkâm, Tarjîh
PANDANGAN ULAMA TENTANG TAQNIN AHKAM
Authors: Jaenudin Jaenudin 
Published: June 2019

AbstrakHukum Islam sejak awal pembentukannya mengalami perkembangan yang terus dinamis seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu di bidang ilmu perundang-undangan modern. Pada awalnya hukum Islam dilembaga­kan melulalui hasil ijtihad fuqaha yang disusun dalam kitab-kita fiqh maupun para hakim pengadilan melalui putusannya. Perkemangan hu­kum modern dengan adanya hukum negara yang terkodifikasi menuntut adanya perubahan bentuk hukum Islam yang terlembagakan melalui institusi resmi kengaraan yang mengikat dan formal. Dalam sejarah, Khilafah Usmani, melalui Sultan Sulaiman telah mulai menyusun bentuk fiqh secara resmi yang disebut qanun, sehinggan karena itu pula Sultan Sulaiman dari Usmani dikenal sebagai Sulaiman al-Qanuni (1520-1560 M). Keberadaan Qanun Fiqh dipandang sebagai sebagai suatu kebu­tuhan dan adapula yang mamandang bahwa keberadaan Qanun Fiqh da­pat membatasi gerak ijtihad yang merupakan bentuk fleksibilitas hukum Islam.Kata Kunci: Ijtihad, Qanun, Undang-undang.
PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PERKAWINAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mukhlis Mukhlis 
Published: June 2019

AbstrakSeiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, globalisasi ekonomi, reformasi dalam berbagai bidang hukum, dan pembaruan pemikiran Islam berdampak pada dinamika penerapan hukum Islam di Indonesia. Tulisan ini membahas tentang pembaharuan hukum perkawinan di Indonesia dalam hal poligami, syarat perceraian dan hubungan keper­dataan anak. Hasil pene­litian menunjukkan bahwa ter­dapat beberapa pembaharuan berkenaan dengan persyaratan poligami; persyaratan perceraian; dan hubungan keperdataan anak hasil dari nikah sirri. Kata Kunci: Pembaharuan Hukum Perkawinan, Poligami, Perceraian
Efek Larvasida Hasil Fraksinasi Ekstrak N-Heksana Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti
Authors: Yulianti Lina , Supriadin Asep , Rosahdi Tina Dewi 
Published: June 2019

Tumbuhan kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) telah dikenal masyarakat sebagai gulma yang digunakan untuk obat tradisional. Tumbuhan dari famili Asteraceae ini mengandung terpenoid dan steroid yang bersifat larvasida. Senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam tumbuhan kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) diduga dapat memberikan efek larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti, sehingga dilakukan ekstraksi dan fraksinasi terhadap daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) untuk pengujian larvasida. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi menggunakan n-heksana, ekstrak yang didapat difraksinasi menggunakan metode KVC, KKG, KLT dan hasil fraksinasi (B2-G3) diidentifikasi dengan FTIR. Pengujian larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti dilakukan pada hasil ekstraksi (Crude) dan fraksi B2-G3 sebagai sampel uji. Data mortalitas Aedes aegypti dianalisis probit dengan SPSS 16,00 untuk menentukan nilai LC50 selama 72 jam. Sampel uji dikategorikan toksik jika menunjukkan nilai LC50< 1000 ppm. Hasil analisis probit menunjukkan nilai LC50 fraksi B2-G3 adalah 738,938 ppm yang menunjukkan fraksi tersebut berpotensi sebagai larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti. Sedangkan nilai LC50 dari ekstrak n-heksana (Crude) adalah 16358,825 ppm yang menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana dari daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) tidak berpotensi sebagai larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti.
Adsorpsi Ion Logam Mn2+ dan Cu2+ Oleh Silika Gel dari Abu Ampas Tebu
Authors: Nur'aeni Dyanti , Hadisantoso Eko Prabowo , Suhendar Dede 
Published: June 2019

Silika gel telah diekstaksi dari abu ampas tebu menggunakan metode sol-gel kemudian digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk menurunkan kadar ion logam Mn2+ dan Cu2+. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengabuan ampas tebu pada suhu 700 selama 6 jam dilanjutkan pembuatan larutan natrium silikat dengan melarutkan abu ampas tebu dalam larutan NaOH disertai pengadukan dan pemanasan selama 1 jam. Natrium silikat yang terbentuk ditambahkan larutan HCl hingga larutan mencapai pH 7. Gel akan terbentuk setelah diperam selama 18 jam, kemudian disaring dan dicuci dengan akua dm, serta dikeringkan dalam oven dan digerus. Proses adsorpsi dilakukan dengan memasukkan silika gel ke dalam larutan ion logam Mn2+ dan Cu2+, kemudian didiamkan selama beberapa waktu. Setelah adsorpsi, larutan sisa dianalisis menggunakan AAS untuk mengetahui jumlah ion logam Mn2+ dan Cu2+ yang teradsorpsi dalam silika gel. Karakterisasi terhadap silika gel hasil ektraksi menunjukan terdapat gugus silanol, siloksi dan siloksan pada pengujian menggunakan FTIR dan karakterisasi menggunkan XRD menunjukkan silika gel berfasa amorf. Hasil adsorpsi ketiga variasi menunjukan adanya kompetisi antara ion logam Mn2+ dan Cu2+ dalam memperebutkan sisi aktif dari silika gel, dimana ion logam Cu2+ lebih dulu teradsorpsi dari pada ion logam Mn2+. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa silika gel dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk menurunkan kadar ion logam Mn2+ dan Cu2+ dalam limbah cair.
Факторы вовлечения в проституцию в несовершеннолетнем возрасте: результаты эмпирического исследования взрослых женщин
Authors: Одинокова Вероника Александровна , Ерицян Ксения Юрьевна , Русакова Майя Михайловна , Усачева Нина Михайловна 
Published: June 2019

Проституция рассматривается исследователями с позиций одной из основных парадигм: как девиация, как секс-работа или как насилие. Однако если речь идет о несовершеннолетних, то международные нормативные документы однозначно трактуют проституцию как форму сексуальной эксплуатации. На материалах эмпирического исследования взрослых женщин, занимающихся проституцией в Санкт-Петербурге и Оренбурге (N = 654), мы изучили обстоятельства начала занятия проституцией в зависимости от возраста начала – до 18 лет или старше. В исследование были включены взрослые женщины, занимающиеся проституцией на улицах, в гостиницах, салонах, на вокзалах и индивидуально. Влияние различных факторов на начало занятия проституцией в возрасте до 18 лет оценивалось с помощью критерия согласия χ2 Пирсона и бинарного логистического регрессионного анализа. Каждая десятая женщина в выборке начала заниматься проституцией до наступления совершеннолетия. Первый опыт оказания сексуальных услуг за деньги респонденты, независимо от возраста начала занятия проституцией, в половине случаев оценивают как недобровольный (из-за уговоров, давления или применения силы). Основными факторами вовлечения в проституцию в возрасте до 18 лет являются семейное неблагополучие, ранний возраст пробы наркотиков и др. Мы заключаем, что группа женщин, занимающихся проституцией, неоднородна. Жизненные траектории, приводящие в проституцию детей и взрослых, могут существенно различаться. Жесткая теоретическая позиция, основанная на обобщении всех женщин, занимающихся проституцией, как жертв, «девиантов» или работниц, неминуемо игнорирует потребности и интересы части из них. В современной российской социальной политике проституция рассматривается как девиация, которая запрещена и влечет за собой административную ответственность. Общественно-политические дискуссии о мерах контроля проституции включают в себя обсуждение как легализации, так и ужесточения контроля и наказания за проституцию, однако вопросы профилактики вовлечения, а также помощи на этапе «выхода» из проституции незаслуженно исключены из этой дискуссии.