bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the influence of mirabilite on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of the ingredients in Dahuang‐mudan decoction by a validated UPLC/QTOF–MS/MS method
Authors: Nong Feifei , Zhao Zhongxiang , Luo Xia , Liu Chang , Li Hui , Liu Qi , Wen Bin , Zhou Lian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDahuang‐mudan decoction (DMD) has been widely used for disease treatment in China for 1700 years. The formula consists of Rhubarb, moutan bark, Prunus persica, wax gourd kernel and mirabilite, which have been well studied by multidisciplinary approaches. However, the role of the mineral mirabilite in DMD is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mirabilite on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of the ingredients in DMD. The constituents were identified in DMD extract and the plasma of mirabilite–DMD (MDMD, 50 g kg−1) treated rats and nonmirabilite–DMD (NMDMD, 50 g kg−1) treated rats. The plasma was also used to investigate the effects of mirabilite on the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients in DMD using a new validated UPLC–MS/MS method. The results showed that 63 compounds were identified in the extract of DMD, 27 and 22 of which were found in the plasmas of MDMD‐ and NMDMD‐treated rats, respectively. Furthermore, the results of a pharmacokinetic study suggested that mirabilite influenced the absorption of the five constituents by decreasing the absorption of emodin and rhein while increasing the absorption of aloe‐emodin, paeoniflorin and amygdalin; the pharmacokinetic parameters, including the Tmax, Cmax, AUC0–t, MRT0–t, CLz and t1/2 of five constituents, significantly changed in MDMD‐treated rats compared with the NMDMD. The method validation for selectivity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery and stability met the acceptance criteria. These findings uncover the roles of mirabilite in DMD and demonstrate the application of scientific principles to the study of DMD in human health care.
A transient microtubule‐based structure uncovers a new intrinsic asymmetry between the mother centrioles in the early Drosophila spermatocytes
Authors: Riparbelli Maria Giovanna , Persico Veronica , Callaini Giuliano 
Published: November 2018

AbstractParent centrioles are characterized in most organisms by individual morphological traits and have distinct asymmetries that provide different functional properties. By contrast, mother and daughter centrioles are morphologically undistinguishable during Drosophila male gametogenesis. Here we report the presence of previously unrecognized microtubule‐based structures that extend into the peripheral cytoplasm of the Drosophila polar spermatocytes at the onset of the first meiosis and are positive for the typical centriolar protein Sas‐4 and for the kinesin‐like protein Klp10A. These structures have a short lifespan and are no longer found in early apolar spermatocytes. Remarkably, each polar spermatocyte holds only one microtubule‐based structure that is associated with one of the sister centriole pairs and specifically with the mother centriole. These findings reveal an inherent asymmetry between the parent centrioles at the onset of male meiosis and also uncover unexpected functional properties between the mother centrioles of the same cells.
Selective Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction by a Reduced Molybdenum‐Based Polyoxometalate Catalyst
Authors: Barman Soumitra , Sreejith S. S. , Garai Somnath , Pochamoni Ramudu , Roy Soumyajit 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCurrently, photochemical carbon dioxide reduction is a most sought‐after process as it involves the simultaneous removal of greenhouse CO2 gas and the production of useful products. In this study, we report the selective formation of formaldehyde in photochemical carbon dioxide reduction using a reduced polyoxometalate (POM) based catalyst. By simply tuning the redox state of the metal centre in the POM, we can obtain the more reduced product formaldehyde from carbon dioxide. As a result of the high MoV/MoVI ratio in the cluster, formaldehyde is obtained as the major product as opposed to formic acid. Since the catalyst POM 1 itself readily absorbs light, no external photosensitizer is used. In the reduction process of carbon dioxide, water acts as the electron donor and is oxidized to oxygen rendering the whole process viable and green. (1=Mo16=[{(CH3)NH2}4{(MoV2O4)6(μ2‐OH)10(μ2‐O)2(μ3‐OH)2(μ3‐O)2(MoVIO3H)4}]0.94[{(MoV2O4)6(μ2‐OH)10(μ2‐O)2(MoVIO3H)4}{MoVI(μ3‐O)4}]0.06).
C−H Bond Carboxylation with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Hong Junting , Li Man , Zhang Jianning , Sun Beiqi , Mo Fanyang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarbon dioxide is a nontoxic, renewable, and abundant C1 source, whereas C−H bond functionalization represents one of the most important approaches to the construction of carbon–carbon bonds and carbon–heteroatom bonds in an atom‐ and step‐economical manner. Combining the chemical transformation of CO2 with C−H bond functionalization is of great importance in the synthesis of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. The contents of this Review are organized according to the type of C−H bond involved in carboxylation. The primary types of C−H bonds are as follows: C(sp)−H bonds of terminal alkynes, C(sp2)−H bonds of (hetero)arenes, vinylic C(sp2)−H bonds, the ipso‐C(sp2)−H bonds of the diazo group, aldehyde C(sp2)−H bonds, α‐C(sp3)−H bonds of the carbonyl group, γ‐C(sp3)−H bonds of the carbonyl group, C(sp3)−H bonds adjacent to nitrogen atoms, C(sp3)−H bonds of o‐alkyl phenyl ketones, allylic C(sp3)−H bonds, C(sp3)−H bonds of methane, and C(sp3)−H bonds of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. In addition, multicomponent reactions, tandem reactions, and key theoretical studies related to the carboxylation of C−H bonds are briefly summarized. Transition‐metal‐free, organocatalytic, electrochemical, and light‐driven methods are highlighted.
Ultrahigh Catalytic Activity of l‐Proline‐Functionalized Rh Nanoparticles for Methanolysis of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Luo Wenxiu , Cheng Wei , Hu Min , Wang Qi , Cheng Xia , Zhang Yun , Wang Yi , Gao Daojiang , Bi Jian , Fan Guangyin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of ultrafine and well‐distributed rhodium nanoparticles (NPs) with high efficiency toward methanolysis of ammonia borane (AB) is crucially important but challenging. A facile approach has been developed for synthesizing ultrafine and uniform Rh NPs deposited on carbon by using the small soluble organic molecule (SOM) of l‐proline (PRO) as capping agent (Rh‐PRO/C). The enrichment of N,O‐coordination sites for the metal precursor by using PRO was found to be the key to the synthesis Rh‐PRO/C. The as‐prepared Rh‐PRO/C showed high catalytic activity for ammonia borane methanolysis with the highest total turnover frequency (TOF) of 1035 mol
(molRh min)−1 under basic conditions, which was three times higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art Rh‐based catalysts. The excellent catalytic performance of Rh‐PRO/C was ascribed to the well‐dispersed Rh NPs and the PRO‐functionalized metal surface, which can provide more active sites for the reaction. The merit of size‐controlled synthesis combined with metal NP surface modification by SOMs is likely to be beneficial in various catalytic fields.
DNA methylation and obesity in survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Lupo Philip J. , Brown Austin L. , Arroyo Vidal M. , Kamdar Kala Y. , Belmont John W. , Scheurer Michael E. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Gramatges M. Monica , Okcu M. Fatih , Yasui Yutaka , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Bhatia Smita 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBecause survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are more likely to be obese than unaffected contemporaries, we compared DNA methylation profiles between normal‐weight and obese survivors at adiposity‐associated CpG sites previously‐reported by epigenome‐wide association studies (EWAS) of body mass index (BMI) in the general population. We selected 96 ALL survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study: 48 obese and 48 normal weight. The Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip was used to compare DNA methylation at 211 loci identified in EWAS of BMI in the general population. Thirty‐nine loci were associated (false discovery rate <0.05) with obesity among survivors who only received chemotherapy (n = 49). No loci were significantly associated with obesity among CRT‐exposed survivors (n = 47). Our results suggest that previously identified BMI‐DNA methylation loci are associated with obesity in ALL survivors who were spared CRT, while no loci were significantly associated with obesity in survivors who received CRT.
Synthesis of novel 2‐acetamidothiazoles tethered with 1,2,3‐triazole and pyridine pharmacophores
Authors: Kaushik Reena , Chand Mahesh , Rashid Mohd. , Jain Subhash C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA novel series of 2‐acetamidothiazoles bearing 1,2,3‐triazole and pyridine moieties were designed and synthesized using simple chemical methodology. 3‐Amino pyridine was converted into a potent intermediate 2‐chloro‐N‐(4‐(5‐methyl‐1‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)thiazol‐2‐yl)acetamide (5) in four steps using molecular modification approach. Heterocyclic amine(s)/ heterocyclic and aromatic thiol(s) were then introduced in 5 to obtain target compounds 6a‐6i. In all, we have synthesized eleven novel molecules which have the flavor of each of these heterocyclic moieties, viz. pyridine, 1,2,3‐triazole, 2‐acetamido‐thiazole, heterocyclic amine(s)/ heterocyclic and aromatic thiol(s). The presence of each of these bioactive moieties in a single molecular frame could be beneficial to the development of new drug candidate because these moieties together contribute to the overall resultant biological activity of the target hybrid molecule. Structure elucidation of all the newly synthesized compounds was established using IR, 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry along with their elemental analyses.
Validation of a novel single‐drop rapid human leukocyte antigen‐DQ2/‐DQ8 typing method to identify subjects susceptible to celiac disease
Authors: Verma Anil K , Singh Alka , Gatti Simona , Lionetti Elena , Galeazzi Tiziana , Monachesi Chiara , Franceschini Elisa , Ahuja Vineet , Catassi Carlo , Makharia Govind K 
Published: November 2018

Background and AimHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DQ2 and/or ‐DQ8 is an essential risk factor for celiac disease (CD). About 90–95% of patients with CD carry HLA‐DQ2/‐DQ8 alleles, and HLA‐DQ typing is considered an additional diagnostic test. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based HLA‐DQ typing methods are expensive, complex, and a time‐consuming process. We assessed the efficacy of a novel HLA‐DQ typing method, “Celiac Gene Screen,” for the detection of CD‐associated HLA haplotypes.MethodsTo assess the diagnostic performance of the Celiac Gene Screen test, 100 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood samples, already characterized by the conventional HLA‐DQ typing method, that is, PCR sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR‐SSOP), a concordance between both the methods were explored. For validity, a further 300 EDTA blood samples with unknown HLA‐DQ status were genotyped using the Celiac Gene Screen test, including 141 samples from CD, 56 first‐degree relatives (FDRs) of CD and 103 samples from controls.ResultsOf the 100 samples with known status of HLA‐DQ alleles, 79 samples were HLA‐DQ2 and/or ‐DQ8 positive, and 21 samples were HLA‐DQ2 and/or ‐DQ8 negative by conventional PCR. These 100 samples were re‐typed using the Celiac Gene screen kit; all 79 positives were typed positive, and 21 negatives were typed negative for HLA‐DQ alleles. Among 300 samples with unknown HLA‐DQ status, 118 of 141 (84%) patients with CD, 48 of 56 (86%) FDRs of CD, and 52 of 103 (50%) controls typed positive for HLA‐DQ alleles.ConclusionsThe Celiac Gene Screen HLA‐DQ typing method showed excellent concordance with the conventional HLA‐DQ typing method and could be a cost‐reducing and effective method for CD‐associated HLA screening.
Dangerous noodle: A case of swallowing syncope and a review of 122 cases from the literature
Authors: Uraguchi Kensuke , Kariya Shin , Makihara Seiichiro , Oka Aiko , Ueeda Hiroo , Noda Yohei , Nishizaki Kazunori 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSwallowing syncope is a rare medical condition. Even though it has been known as a neurally mediated syncope, the definitive mechanism of this condition remains unclear. We show in this study an additional case of swallowing syncope and review the 122 reported cases from the literature. A 47‐year‐old Japanese man had been suffering from recurrent syncopal attacks, when he fainted immediately after swallowing. Holter electrocardiogram monitoring demonstrated a sinus pause (maximum R‐R interval of 3.8 seconds) after he swallowed a noodle quickly. A permanent pacemaker was implanted because the frequency of syncope increased.
Twenty years later: Oral health‐related quality of life and standard of treatment in patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: El Sayed Nihad , Baeumer Amelie , El Sayed Shirin , Wieland Lars , Weber Dorothea , Eickholz Peter , Pretzl Bernadette 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo assess oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) after long‐term (20 years) periodontal treatment in patients with chronic periodontitis (ChP) and to compare it with the current clinical outcome and oral health status.MethodsTwenty years after therapy, 63 patients were reexamined. The dental and periodontal status and OHRQoL using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐G49 (OHIP‐G49) were assessed. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and tests for differences were calculated.ResultsUp to 75% of patients showed no probing depths > 5mm, bleeding on probing (BOP) ≤25%, no pain and satisfactory function. A comparatively low perceived oral impact of ChP was represented by an OHIP‐G49 overall score of 18.89 ± 21.66. The most common reported impairment was physical pain followed by “functional limitation.” A correlation between oral quality standard and the OHIP‐G49 was limited to the physical pain subdomain.ConclusionsSatisfaction with oral status was perceived high by most patients treated for chronic periodontitis. A comparably high OHRQoL can be achieved and retained long‐term after periodontal treatment. The objective and subjective evaluation of oral health only correlated in the subscale “physical pain.”
Kreislaufwirtschaft: Welche Flammschutzmittel stabil bleiben
Authors: Schultheis Christoph , Großhauser Michael , Metzsch‐Zilligen Elke , Pfaendner Rudolf 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKunststoffe, die halogenfreie Flammschutzmittel enthalten, sind für eine werkstoffliche Wiederverwendung meistens gut geeignet.
Der Chromatograph auf einem Glasplättchen
Authors: Belder Detlev , Heiland Josef 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSäulen für die HPLC werden kleiner und dünner, denn das spart Eluent, und von vielen Proben, etwa aus der Medizin, gibt es oft nur Nanolitermengen. Gefragt ist nun eine Möglichkeit, die es erlaubt, mit den immer geringeren Säulen‐ und Analytvolumina weiterhin präzise zu arbeiten. Eine Antwort ist, Großteile des HPLC‐Systems auf einem Mikrochip zu integrieren.
Wirtschaftsnobelpreis: Steuern und technischer Fortschritt
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDer diesjährige Alfred‐Nobel‐Gedächtnispreis für Wirtschaftswissenschaften verbindet Innovation und Klimaschutz mit wirtschaftlichem Wachstum. Damit berührt er die Interessen von Chemieunternehmen.
Dynamic Proteomics Reveals High Plasticity of Cellular Proteome: Growth‐Related and Drug‐Induced Changes in Cancer Cells are Comparable
Authors: Sabatier Pierre , Saei Amir Ata , Wang Shiyu , Zubarev Roman A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn chemical proteomics, the changes occurring in cellular proteomes upon drug treatment are used to identify the drug targets and the mechanism of action. However, proteomes of cultured cells undergo also natural alteration associated with changes in the media, attaining a degree of confluence as well as due to cell division and cell metabolism. These changes are implicitly assumed to be smaller in magnitude than the drug‐induced changes that ultimately lead to cell demise. In this study, it is shown that growth‐related proteome changes in the untreated control group are comparable in magnitude to drug‐induced changes over the course of 48 h treatment. In two well‐characterized cancer cell lines, growth‐related effects assessed with deep proteomics analysis (10 481 proteins quantified with at least two peptides) show common trends, the steady downregulation of cell division processes, and the upregulation of metabolism‐related pathways. The magnitude of these variations, which are present even before reaching 100% confluence reveals unexpectedly high plasticity of the cellular proteome. This finding reinforces the need, generally accepted in theory but not always followed in practice, to use a time‐matched control when measuring drug‐induced proteome changes.
Student Conduct and Policy Violations: Gender‐Aware Restorative Justice Practice
Authors: Klobassa Vern , Laker Jason 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis chapter addresses the over‐representation of certain groups of men in campus judicial proceedings and interrogates prevailing ideological and philosophical standpoints related to gender within the area of student conduct. The chapter ends by encouraging a gender‐aware restorative justice approach to student conduct practice.
Dynamic fetal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in four‐chamber view using Doppler ultrasound gating in normal fetal heart and in congenital heart disease: comparison with fetal echocardiography
Authors: Tavares de Sousa M. , Hecher K. , Yamamura J. , Kording F. , Ruprecht C. , Fehrs K. , Behzadi C. , Adam G. , Schoennagel B. P. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the diagnostic performance of dynamic fetal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using a MR‐compatible Doppler ultrasound (DUS) device for fetal cardiac gating, in differentiating fetuses with congenital heart disease from those with a normal heart, and to compare the technique with fetal echocardiography.MethodsThis was a prospective study of eight fetuses with a normal heart and four with congenital heart disease (CHD), at a median of 34 (range, 28–36) weeks' gestation. Dynamic fetal cardiac MRI was performed using a DUS device for direct cardiac gating. The four‐chamber view was evaluated according to qualitative findings. Measurements of the length of the left and right ventricles, diameter of the tricuspid and mitral valves, myocardial wall thickness, transverse cardiac diameter and left ventricular planimetry were performed. Fetal echocardiography and postnatal diagnoses were considered the reference standards.ResultsDirect cardiac gating allowed continuous triggering of the fetal heart, showing high temporal and spatial resolution. Both fetal cardiac MRI and echocardiography in the four‐chamber view detected pathological findings in three of the 12 fetuses. Qualitative evaluation revealed overall consistency between echocardiography and MRI. On both echocardiography and MRI, quantitative measurements revealed significant differences between fetuses with a normal heart and those with CHD with respect to the length of the right (P < 0.01 for both) and left (P < 0.01 for both) ventricles and transverse cardiac diameter (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Tricuspid valve diameter on cardiac MRI was found to be significantly different in healthy fetuses from in those with CHD (P < 0.05).ConclusionsFor the first time, this study has shown that dynamic fetal cardiac MRI in the four‐chamber view, using external cardiac gating, allows evaluation of cardiac anatomy and diagnosis of congenital heart disease in agreement with fetal echocardiography. Dynamic fetal cardiac MRI may be useful as a second‐line investigation if conditions for fetal echocardiography are unfavorable. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Artificial intelligence and amniotic fluid multiomics: prediction of perinatal outcome in asymptomatic women with short cervix
Authors: Bahado‐Singh R. O. , Sonek J. , McKenna D. , Cool D. , Aydas B. , Turkoglu O. , Bjorndahl T. , Mandal R. , Wishart D. , Friedman P. , Graham S. F. , Yilmaz A. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the application of artificial intelligence (AI), i.e. deep learning and other machine‐learning techniques, to amniotic fluid (AF) metabolomics and proteomics, alone and in combination with sonographic, clinical and demographic factors, in the prediction of perinatal outcome in asymptomatic pregnant women with short cervical length (CL).MethodsAF samples, which had been obtained in the second trimester from asymptomatic women with short CL (< 15 mm) identified on transvaginal ultrasound, were analyzed. CL, funneling and the presence of AF ‘sludge’ were assessed in all cases close to the time of amniocentesis. A combination of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy‐based metabolomics, as well as targeted proteomics analysis, including chemokines, cytokines and growth factors, was performed on the AF samples. To determine the robustness of the markers, we used six different machine‐learning techniques, including deep learning, to predict preterm delivery < 34 weeks, latency period prior to delivery < 28 days after amniocentesis and requirement for admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Omics biomarkers were evaluated alone and in combination with standard sonographic, clinical and demographic factors to predict outcome. Predictive accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve (AUC) with 95% CI, sensitivity and specificity.ResultsOf the 32 patients included in the study, complete omics, demographic and clinical data and outcome information were available for 26. Of these, 11 (42.3%) patients delivered ≥ 34 weeks, while 15 (57.7%) delivered < 34 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in CL between these two groups (mean ± SD, 11.2 ± 4.4 mm vs 8.9 ± 5.3 mm, P = 0.31). Using combined omics, demographic and clinical data, deep learning displayed good to excellent performance, with an AUC (95% CI) of 0.890 (0.810–0.970) for delivery < 34 weeks' gestation, 0.890 (0.790–0.990) for delivery < 28 days post‐amniocentesis and 0.792 (0.689–0.894) for NICU admission. These values were higher overall than for the other five machine‐learning methods, although each individual machine‐learning technique yielded statistically significant prediction of the different perinatal outcomes.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report use of AI with AF proteomics and metabolomics and ultrasound assessment in pregnancy. Machine learning, particularly deep learning, achieved good to excellent prediction of perinatal outcome in asymptomatic pregnant women with short CL in the second trimester. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.