bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible magnetic composites for light-controlled actuation and interfaces
Authors: Li Meng , Wang Yu , Chen Aiping , Naidu Arin , Napier Bradley S. , Li Wenyi , Rodriguez Carlos Lopez , Crooker Scott A. , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
This approach offers a platform for controlled, light-induced motion with easily accessible equipment and facile manufacturing processes. Utility can be envisioned for flexible, simple, and cost-effective actuators from the micro- to the macroscale. Additional opportunity is offered by the ability of these composites to perform heliotactic motion, enabling formats that respond and track light sources such as the sun.
Gating-induced large aqueous volumetric remodeling and aspartate tolerance in the voltage sensor domain of Shaker K
+
channels
Authors: Díaz-Franulic Ignacio , González-Pérez Vivian , Moldenhauer Hans , Navarro-Quezada Nieves , Naranjo David 
Published: July 2018

Significance
The neuronal action potential is a self-propagating transient depolarization traveling along the neuron membrane. This signal is produced by the coordinated activation of voltage-gated ion channels (VGCs), a family of ion-selective transmembrane proteins activated by depolarization. Sodium and calcium VGCs reinforce the signal, while potassium VGCs terminate it. A conserved voltage sensor domain (VSD) in VGCs responds with an unresolved conformational change driven by the transmembrane electrophoretic displacements of four arginine side chains. We show that those arginine side chains are stabilized by water impregnating the VSD and that, upon activation, displace large and dissimilar aqueous volumes at both protein faces. This charge translocation entails a transporter-like remodeling of water–protein interfaces that should create mechanical spikes accompanying action potentials.
Cytoskeletal tension regulates mesodermal spatial organization and subsequent vascular fate
Authors: Smith Quinton , Rochman Nash , Carmo Ana Maria , Vig Dhruv , Chan Xin Yi , Sun Sean , Gerecht Sharon 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer an opportunity to study how the developing embryo twists, folds, and expands into a collection of highly self-organized tissues. Introducing varying degrees of confinement with surface micropatterning may drive self-organization into tissues that mirror the structure and complexity of the embryo in vitro. Using high-throughput image-processing and machine-learning algorithms, we studied the relationships between cytoskeletal tension, density, and micropattern geometry on the ability to predict pattern formation in early and late-stage hiPSC maturation toward vascular lineages. We find that the combination of these approaches unveils the importance of cell density and cytoskeletal tension in how hiPSCs sense their environment and differentiate to the mesodermal lineage toward vascular fates.
Isothermal pressure-derived metastable states in 2D hybrid perovskites showing enduring bandgap narrowing
Authors: Liu Gang , Gong Jue , Kong Lingping , Schaller Richard D. , Hu Qingyang , Liu Zhenxian , Yan Shuai , Yang Wenge , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Mao Ho-kwang , Xu Tao 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Metastable materials often exhibit unexpected striking properties that are not available in stable state. While metastable states are generally achieved by rapid cooling of materials from high temperature, it is imperative to explore other nonthermal routes to access metastable states, especially for heat-vulnerable materials. Here, we report that work by pressure, namely, a compression−decompression cycle under ambient temperature, can drive thermosusceptible organic−inorganic hybrid perovskites to their metastable state, in which the perovskites show enduring bandgap narrowing for significantly broadened solar absorption. This pressure-derived route provides a fundamental path to obtain metastable materials with unprecedented performance.
The epiGenomic Efficient Correlator (epiGeEC) tool allows fast comparison of user datasets with thousands of public epigenomic datasets
Authors: Laperle Jonathan , Hébert-Deschamps Simon , Raby Joanny , de Lima Morais David A , Barrette Michel , Bujold David , Bastin Charlotte , Robert Marc-Antoine , Nadeau Jean-François , Harel Marie , Nordell-Markovits Alexei , Veilleux Alain , Bourque Guillaume , Jacques Pierre-Étienne 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Summary
In recent years, major initiatives such as the International Human Epigenome Consortium have generated thousands of high-quality genome-wide datasets for a large variety of assays and cell types. This data can be used as a reference to assess whether the signal from a user-provided dataset corresponds to its expected experiment, as well as to help reveal unexpected biological associations. We have developed the epiGenomic Efficient Correlator (epiGeEC) tool to enable genome-wide comparisons of very large numbers of datasets. A public Galaxy implementation of epiGeEC allows comparison of user datasets with thousands of public datasets in a few minutes.

Availability and implementation
The source code is available at https://bitbucket.org/labjacquespe/epigeec and the Galaxy implementation at http://epigeec.genap.ca.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Intrathecal Morphine Following Lumbar Fusion: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Dhaliwal Perry , Yavin Daniel , Whittaker Tara , Hawboldt Geoffrey S , Jewett Gordon A E , Casha Steven , du Plessis Stephan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Despite the potential for faster postoperative recovery and the ease of direct intraoperative injection, intrathecal morphine is rarely provided in lumbar spine surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intrathecal morphine following lumbar fusion.

METHODS
We randomly assigned 150 patients undergoing elective instrumented lumbar fusion to receive a single intrathecal injection of morphine (0.2 mg) or placebo (normal saline) immediately prior to wound closure. The primary outcome was pain on the visual-analogue scale during the first 24 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included respiratory depression, treatment-related side effects, postoperative opioid requirements, and length of hospital stay. An intention-to-treat, repeated-measures analysis was used to estimate outcomes according to treatment in the primary analysis.

RESULTS
The baseline characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. Intrathecal morphine reduced pain both at rest (32% area under the curves [AUCs] difference, P < .01) and with movement (22% AUCs difference, P < .02) during the initial 24 h after surgery. The risk of respiratory depression was not increased by intrathecal morphine (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 1.68; P = .66). Although postoperative opioid requirements were reduced with intrathecal morphine (P < .03), lengths of hospital stay were similar (P = .32). Other than a trend towards increased intermittent catheterization among patients assigned to intrathecal morphine (P = .09), treatment-related side effects did not significantly differ. The early benefits of intrathecal morphine on postoperative pain were no longer apparent after 48 h.

CONCLUSION
A single intrathecal injection of 0.2 mg of morphine safely reduces postoperative pain following lumbar fusion.
The Combined Effect of Cigarette Smoking and Fitness on Injury Risk in Men and Women
Authors: Brooks Raina D , Grier Tyson , Dada Esther O , Jones Bruce H 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Prior studies have identified cigarette smoking and low fitness as independent risk factors for injury; however, no studies have evaluated the combined effect of cigarette smoking and fitness on injury risk.

Objective
To evaluate the combined effect of cigarette smoking and fitness on injury risk in men and women.

Design
This is a secondary analysis of data collected from US Army recruits (n = 2000) during basic combat training within the United States in 2007. Physical training and fitness, cigarette smoking, and prior injury data were obtained from questionnaires, whereas demographic and injury data were obtained from medical and basic combat training unit records. Chi-squared tests were used to assess differences in injury risk by fitness level and cigarette smoking. Relative risk values were calculated with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
The primary findings showed that smokers experienced 20%–30% higher risk of injury than nonsmokers. In addition, higher aerobic and muscular fitness was generally not protective against injury between least fit and more fit smokers. However, higher fitness was protective against injury between least and more fit nonsmokers, with least fit nonsmokers being 30%–50% more likely to experience an injury than fit nonsmokers.

Conclusion
This study revealed that higher aerobic and muscular fitness was not protective against injury among smokers; however, it was protective against injury among nonsmokers. Further implementation of smoking cessation programs may be beneficial for military and civilian personnel who are required to be physically fit in order to carry out their job responsibilities.

Implications
Male and female smokers experienced significantly higher risk of injury than nonsmokers. Although higher fitness is protective against injury in nonsmokers, the protective effect of fitness is lost among smokers. In an attempt to reduce injury risk among military and emergency personnel, smoking cessation programs should be further implemented among both more fit and less fit smokers.
The Significance of Upper Extremity Neuromonitoring Changes During Thoracolumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Atesok Kivanc , Smith Walter , Jones Ross , Niemeier Thomas , Manoharan Sakthivel R.R. , McGwin Gerald , Pittman Jason , Theiss Steven 
Published: July 2018

Study Design:
This is a retrospective matched-pair cohort study.

Objective:
To investigate the significance of upper extremity (UE) neuromonitoring changes in patients undergoing thoracolumbar surgery in prone position.

Summary of Background Data:
Peripheral nerve injuries in the UEs due to the prone positioning during prolonged thoracolumbar spinal procedures can cause diminished postsurgical outcomes. Intraoperative neuromonitoring has been utilized to alert the surgeon of the development of such injuries.

Materials and Methods:
Patients who developed intraoperative ulnar somatosensory-evoked potential (SSEP) signal changes during posterior thoracolumbar surgery were identified and compared with a group of patients who did not develop such signal changes. The patients in 2 groups were pair-matched on the number of vertebral levels undergoing surgery. Data regarding intraoperative attempts to resolve signal changes and outcomes were collected.

Results:
In total, 843 patients underwent thoracic, lumbar, or thoracolumbar spine surgeries in the prone position with intraoperative ulnar SSEPs neuromonitoring data available. Of these, 37 patients (4.4%) had intraoperative signal changes in the UEs. An equal number of patients without signal changes were also selected. In each group, 6 patients underwent thoracic, 20 patients underwent lumbar, and 11 patients underwent thoracolumbar procedures. In 8 patients (21.6%), there was no resolution of SSEP signal changes despite intraoperative attempts. The 2 groups were similar with respect to age and comorbidities. There was no significant difference in the mean body mass index (P=0.22). The mean duration of the procedures was 324 minutes in the SSEP signal change patients and 260 minutes in the patients without SSEP signal changes (P=0.03). No patient with UE SSEP changes had a clinically detectable neurological deficit postoperatively.

Conclusions:
UE SSEP signal changes during multilevel posterior thoracolumbar procedures are more likely to occur as the duration of the operation increases. The presence of UE signal changes does not coincide with clinically significant peripheral neuropathies.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Hearing Outcomes in Conservatively Managed Vestibular Schwannoma Patients With Serviceable Hearing
Authors: Hunter Jacob B. , Dowling Eric M. , Lohse Christine M. , O’Connell Brendan P. , Tombers Nicole M. , Lees Katherine A. , Thompson Reid S. , Haynes David S. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: July 2018

Objective:
To characterize the risk of progression to nonserviceable hearing in patients with sporadic vestibular schwannomas (VS) who elect initial observation.

Study Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Two tertiary care centers.

Patients:
VS patients with serviceable hearing who underwent at least two audiograms and two MRI studies before intervention or loss to follow-up.

Main outcome measure(s):
Serviceable hearing, defined as the pure tone average ≤ 50 dB HL and word recognition score ≥ 50%.

Results:
Four-hundred sixty-six patients (median age of 57 yr and median tumor diameter of 7.3 mm) had serviceable hearing at presentation and were followed for a median of 2.3 years (IQR 1.0 – 4.0). Kaplan–Meier estimated rates of maintaining serviceable hearing (95% CI; number still at risk) at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years following diagnosis were 94% (91–96; 357), 77% (73–82; 172), 66% (60–73; 81), 56% (49–65; 31), and 44% (33–59; 10), respectively. Each 10-dB increase in pure-tone averages at diagnosis was associated with a 2-fold increased likelihood of developing nonserviceable hearing (hazard ratio 2.07; p < 0.001). Each 10% decrease in word recognition score was associated with a 1.5-fold increased likelihood of developing nonserviceable hearing (hazard ratio 1.48; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Among patients with sporadic VS, good baseline word recognition score and low pure-tone average are jointly associated with maintenance of serviceable hearing. These data may be used to guide patient counseling and optimize management.
Microbial cause of ICU-acquired pneumonia: hospital-acquired pneumonia versus ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Luyt Charles-Edouard , Hékimian Guillaume , Koulenti Despoina , Chastre Jean 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
Successful treatment of patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a difficult and complex undertaking. Better knowledge of the pathogens involved in that setting may allow reassessment of our current modalities of therapy and definition of better protocols.

Recent findings
Microorganisms responsible for HAP/VAP differ according to geographic areas, ICU patients’ specific characteristics, durations of hospital and ICU stays before onset of the disease, and risk factors for MDR pathogens. However, a number of studies have shown that Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) – particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae – cause many of the respiratory infections in this setting, with minimal differences between HAP and VAP, indicating that the cause depends more on the underlying clinical condition of patients rather than previous intubation.

Summary
When selecting initial antimicrobial therapy in patients with HAP/VAP, more attention should be paid to individual risk factors for MDR pathogens, severity of the clinical situation, and the local epidemiology than to the type of pneumonia.
Survival and Prognostic Factors in Patients With Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Huffman Brandon M. , Westin Gustavo , Alsidawi Samer , Alberts Steven R. , Nagorney David M. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Mahipal Amit 
Published: July 2018

Objectives
Prognostic factors for solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN) of the pancreas have been incompletely defined in the literature. We aimed to use the National Cancer Database to describe survival and characterize prognostic factors in patients with pancreatic pseudopapillary neoplasms.

Methods
We identified 304 patients with pancreatic SPN diagnosed between 2004 and 2012 using the National Cancer Database. All patients were included in the survival analysis. Kaplan-Meier method, χ2, and log-rank tests were used for statistical analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for multivariate analysis.

Results
The median age at diagnosis was 36.5 years. Eighty-five percent of patients were female, 69% were white, and 25% were black. Metastases were observed in 5% of patients. Median tumor size was 5.1 cm. Ninety-two percent of patients underwent primary tumor resection. At 60 months, 98% of patients who underwent resection were alive, and 40% who did not undergo resection were alive. On multivariate analysis, female sex, resection of primary tumor, and absence of metastasis were correlated with improved survival.

Conclusions
Patients with SPN who undergo resection have an excellent survival at 5 years. Surgery should be considered in all patients with this diagnosis.
C-Suite Roles and Competencies to Support a Culture of Shared Governance and Empowerment
Authors: Joseph M. Lindell , Bogue Richard J. 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine C-suite executives' perspectives on empowerment early in shared governance implementation.

BACKGROUND
Leadership influences a workplace culture for empowerment. However, the literature lacks clarity regarding the specific roles of C-suite executives in fostering empowerment.

METHODS
A system's top 47 executives were invited to participate in a Delphi study. Two Delphi rounds identified leadership empowerment philosophies, plus techniques for (a) understanding staff needs, (b) embedding empowerment, and (c) ensuing leadership accountability. In round 3, leaders rated the 3 types of techniques for ease and impact.

RESULTS
Results revealed a passive C-suite culture regarding empowerment. However, C-suite executives recognized the need for active promotion of an empowering culture. Optimal techniques for understanding staff empowerment needs were identified.

CONCLUSIONS
Modeling empowerment by the C-suite executives enables alignment between councils and levels of nursing leadership, allowing organizations to achieve the goals for professional nursing practice and shared governance.
Metabolic Response to BRAF-MEK Combination Therapy in Cecal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma With BRAFV600E Mutation and Refractory Lactic Acidosis
Authors: Imperiale Alessio , Latgé Adrien , Schaff-Wendling Frédérique , Goichot Bernard , Kurtz Jean-Emmanuel , Malouf Gabriel G. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We report the results of serial 18F-FDG PET/CT investigations in a 49-year-old woman presenting with an advanced cecal high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma harboring a somatic BRAFV600E
mutation. Patient was refractory to standard chemotherapy regimen showing life-threatening hyperlactatemia. Early after the beginning of BRAF-MEK therapy (dabrafenib and trametinib), impressive improvement in PET/CT imaging was achieved. The pathological 18F-FDG uptake in cecal primary tumor as well as in nodal, hepatic, and bone metastases drastically decreased. Moreover, the reduction of total lesion glycolysis on PET/CT images was strictly related to extraordinary patient clinical response and lactic acid level normalization.
Bedside dysphagia screens in patients with traumatic cervical injuries: An ideal tool for an under-recognized problem
Authors: Posillico Sarah E. , Golob Joseph F. , Rinker Andrea D. , Kreiner Laura A. , West Rebecca S. , Conrad-Schnetz Kristen J. , Kelly Michael L. , Claridge Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND
We initiated a prospective interventional study using a nurse-driven bedside dysphagia screen (BDS) in patients with cervical spine injury (CI) to address three objectives: (1) determine the incidence of dysphagia, (2) determine the utility of the new BDS as a screening tool, and (3) compare patient outcomes, specifically dysphagia-related complications, in the study period with a retrospective cohort.

METHODS
All patients with CI admitted to a Level I trauma center were enrolled in a prospective 12-month study (June 2016–June 2017) and then were compared with a previous 18-month cohort of similar patients. Our new protocol mandated that every patient underwent a BDS before oral intake. If the patient failed the BDS, a modified barium swallow (MBS) was obtained. Exclusion criteria were emergency department discharge, inability to participate in a BDS, leaving against medical advice, BDS protocol violations, or death before BDS. A failed MBS was defined as a change in diet and a need for a repeat MBS. Dysphagia was defined as a failed MBS or the presence of a dysphagia-related complication.

RESULTS
Of 221 consecutive prospective patients identified, 114 met inclusion criteria. The incidence of dysphagia was 16.7% in all prospective study patients, 14.9% in patients with isolated CI, and 30.8% in patients with spinal cord injury. The BDS demonstrated 84.2% sensitivity, 95.8% specificity, 80.0% positive predictive value, and 96.8% negative predictive value. There were no dysphagia-related complications. The prospective study patients demonstrated significantly less dysphagia-related complications (p = 0.048) when compared with the retrospective cohort of 276 patients.

CONCLUSIONS
The introduction of the BDS resulted in increased dysphagia diagnoses, with a significant reduction in dysphagia-related complications. We recommend incorporating BDS into care pathways for patients with CI.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Study type diagnostic test, level III.
New perspectives for the prediction and statistical quantification of extreme events in high-dimensional dynamical systems
Authors: Sapsis Themistoklis P. 
Published: July 2018

We discuss extreme events as random occurrences of strongly transient dynamics that lead to nonlinear energy transfers within a chaotic attractor. These transient events are the result of finite-time instabilities and therefore are inherently connected with both statistical and dynamical properties of the system. We consider two classes of problems related to extreme events and nonlinear energy transfers, namely (i) the derivation of precursors for the short-term prediction of extreme events, and (ii) the efficient sampling of random realizations for the fastest convergence of the probability density function in the tail region. We summarize recent methods on these problems that rely on the simultaneous consideration of the statistical and dynamical characteristics of the system. This is achieved by combining available data, in the form of second-order statistics, with dynamical equations that provide information for the transient events that lead to extreme responses. We present these methods through two high-dimensional, prototype systems that exhibit strongly chaotic dynamics and extreme responses due to transient instabilities, the Kolmogorov flow and unidirectional nonlinear water waves.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear energy transfer in dynamical and acoustical systems’.
A fully passive nonlinear piezoelectric vibration absorber
Authors: Lossouarn B. , Deü J.-F. , Kerschen G. 
Published: July 2018

The objective of this study is to develop the first fully passive nonlinear piezoelectric tuned vibration absorber (NPTVA). The NPTVA is designed to mitigate a specific resonance of a nonlinear host structure. To avoid the use of synthetic inductors which require external power, closed magnetic circuits in ferrite material realize the large inductance values required by vibration mitigation at low frequencies. The saturation of an additional passive inductor is then exploited to build the nonlinearity in the NPTVA. The performance of the proposed device is demonstrated both numerically and experimentally.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear energy transfer in dynamical and acoustical systems’.