bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The outcomes of adrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastasis: A 17‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Hatano Koji , Horii Sayaka , Nakai Yasutomo , Nakayama Masashi , Kakimoto Ken‐ichi , Nishimura Kazuo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimWe aimed to analyze surgical outcomes of open or laparoscopic adrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastasis and assess the factors influencing survival.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our institutional clinicopathological database for cases of adrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastasis from solid tumors between 2000 and 2017.ResultsTwenty‐five patients underwent open adrenalectomy (n = 11) or laparoscopic adrenalectomy (n = 14). The most common primary site was the lung (n = 7), followed by the kidney (n = 5), liver (n = 3), ovary (n = 2), soft tissue (n = 2), and six other sites. The majority of the patients (n = 19) had metachronous metastasis. The median tumor size was 3.1 cm (1–9 cm). With the median follow‐up of 32 months (2–144 months), the median progression‐free and overall survivals were 14 and 63 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that synchronous metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.5) and tumor size ≥ 4 cm (HR = 17.7) were significant prognostic factors for shorter overall survival. There was no significant difference for survival between the laparoscopic and open groups.ConclusionsAdrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastasis can be applied for selected patients with various types of malignancy. However, synchronous metastasis and tumor size ≥ 4 cm were prognostic factors for shorter overall survival.
Attitudes toward Food Insecurity in the United States
Authors: Ward Carley , Maruyama Geoffrey , Jessen Lara , Song Wei , Kratchmer Lori , Zeaske Rob 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAccording to a 2017 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) survey, 12.3% of households face food insecurity (FI)—the economic and social condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food. Given the pervasiveness of the problem, there is surprisingly little research examining how the general population perceives FI. Is FI expected in all societies? Is it a societal disgrace for individuals in the United States to go hungry? When it occurs, who is responsible? This research drew from existing surveys and practitioner expertise to develop a comprehensive instrument to assess attitudes toward FI. Data were collected in two studies to test a multidimensional model developed through examination and categorization of FI‐related items. We examined dimensionality of attitudes through exploratory (Study 1, N = 503) and then confirmatory (Study 2, N = 510) factor analysis of representative samples of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) participants. Seven dimensions were identified and related to reported contributions to food organizations and demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, age, and political orientation). Our findings help understanding of attitudes toward FI and can provide antipoverty organizations with information to shape policy, challenge inaccurate perceptions, and develop approaches to address FI.
Nicotinic ACh receptor α7 inhibits PDGF‐induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by activating mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3
Authors: Li Dong‐Jie , Tong Jie , Zeng Fei‐Yan , Guo Mengqi , Li Yong‐Hua , Wang Hongbo , Wang Pei 
Published: October 2018

Background and PurposePDGF‐BB is an angiogenic factor involved in cardiovascular diseases. Here, we investigated the possible effects of activation of the nicotinic ACh receptor α7 subtype (α7nAChR) on PDGF‐BB‐induced proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).Experimental ApproachPNU‐282987, a selective α7nAChR pharmacological agonist, was used to activate α7nAChR. The influences of α7nAChR activation on PDGF‐BB‐induced proliferation and migration, as well as the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src, a pro‐migration signalling pathway, were determined in VSMCs. A variety of biochemical assays were applied to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.Key ResultsPDGF‐BB induced pronounced migration and proliferation of VSMCs. Activation of α7nAChRs by PNU‐282987 blocked PDGF‐BB‐induced migration but not proliferation in wild‐type (WT) VSMCs, whereas this effect was absent in α7nAChR‐knockout VSMCs. Accordingly, PNU‐282987 attenuated PDGF‐BB‐induced phosphorylation of FAKTyr397 and SrcTyr416 in WT VSMCs. Mechanistically, PNU‐282987 suppressed PDGF‐BB‐induced oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the alterations in ROS, H2O2 content, superoxide anion and total antioxidant activity. A sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) inhibitor 3‐(1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl) pyridine or shRNA‐mediated SIRT3 knockdown abolished the inhibitory effect of PNU‐282987. PNU‐282987 did not modulate SIRT3 protein expression but enhanced mitochondrial SIRT3 deacetylase activity. In line with this action, PNU‐282987 enhanced the deacetylation of mitochondrial FoxO3. Lastly, PNU‐282987 corrected the PDGF‐BB‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, ATP content and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pool.ConclusionsPharmacological activation of α7nAChRs inhibits PDGF‐BB‐induced VSMC migration by activating the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3, implying an important role for α7nAChRs in mitochondria biology and PDGF‐related diseases.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc
Adaptive immunity and IL‐17A are not involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease after 5/6 nephrectomy in mice
Authors: Rosendahl Alva , Kabiri Reza , Bode Marlies , Cai Anna , Klinge Stefanie , Ehmke Heimo , Mittrücker Hans‐Willi , Wenzel Ulrich O 
Published: October 2018

Background and PurposeThe adaptive immune response and IL‐17A contribute to renal damage in several experimental models of renal injury.Experimental ApproachTo evaluate the role of the adaptive immune response, 5/6 nephrectomy was performed in wildtype DBA/1J mice and in recombination‐activating gene‐1 (RAG‐1) deficient mice that lack B and T‐cells. To assess the role of IL‐17A, we carried out 5/6 nephrectomy in IL‐17A deficient mice. Flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR were used.Key ResultsInfiltration of CD3+ T‐cells in the remnant kidney was increased after 5/6 nephrectomy in wildtype mice, along with a robust induction of IL‐17A production in CD4+ T and γδ T‐cells. After 5/6 nephrectomy, wildtype mice developed albuminuria in the nephrotic range over 10 weeks. This was accompanied by severe glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial injury, and as well as renal mRNA expression of markers of inflammation and fibrosis (the chemokine CCL2, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1; PAI‐1 and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin; NGAL). Unexpectedly, RAG‐1 deficient mice and IL‐17A deficient mice developed renal injury, similar to that in wildtype mice. No differences were found for albuminuria, glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury and mRNA expression of CCL2, PAI‐1 and NGAL. Mortality did not differ between the three groups.Conclusions and ImplicationsNumbers of CD3+ T‐cells and IL‐17A+ lymphocytes infiltrating the kidney were increased after 5/6 nephrectomy. In contrast to other experimental models of renal injury, genetic deficiency of the adaptive immune system or of IL‐17A did not attenuate induction or progression of chronic kidney disease after 5/6 nephrectomy.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc
In vitro and in silico evaluation of P‐glycoprotein inhibition through 99mTc‐methoxyisobutylisonitrile uptake
Authors: Hosseini Balef Seyed Sajad , Piramoon Majid , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Irannejad Hamid 
Published: October 2018

AbstractP‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is a multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter with unknown structural details. This macromolecule is normally responsible for extruding xenobiotics from normal cells. Overexpression of P‐gp in tumor cells is a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy. In this study, human 3D model of P‐gp was built by homology modeling based on mouse P‐gp crystallographic structure and stabilized through 1 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Stabilized human P‐gp structure was used for flexible docking of 80 drugs into the putative active site of P‐gp. Accordingly, digoxin, itraconazole, risperidone, ketoconazole, prazosin, verapamil, cyclosporine A, and ranitidine were selected for further in vitro assay. Subsequently, cell‐based P‐gp inhibition assay was performed on Caco‐2 cells while 99mTc‐methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) was used as a P‐gp efflux substrate for calculating IC50 values. Results of the 99mTc‐MIBI uptake in drug‐treated Caco‐2 cells were in agreement with the previously reported activities. This study for the first time described the relation between molecular dynamics and flexible docking with cellular experiments using 99mTc‐MIBI radiotracer for evaluation of potencies of P‐gp inhibitors. Finally, results showed that our radiotracer–cell‐based assay is an accurate and fast screening tool for detecting P‐gp inhibitors and non‐inhibitors in drug development process.
Interwealth Contact and Young Children's Concern for Equity
Authors: Elenbaas Laura 
Published: October 2018

This study examined young children's contact with individuals of high‐wealth and low‐wealth backgrounds and their behavior toward peers of these backgrounds in a resource distribution task. The sample included 72 ethnically diverse higher income children (Mage = 6.68 years,SD = 0.98 years). Contact with individuals of low‐wealth backgrounds (interwealth contact) affected children's behavior indirectly, through social‐cognitive reasoning processes. The more interwealth contact children reported, the more likely they were to reason about access to resources rather than their own wealth preferences in this context. This reasoning, in turn, was associated with more resources allocated to a low‐wealth peer relative to a high‐wealth peer. Thus, interwealth contact early in development was associated with more equitable peer interactions.
Septoplasty versus non‐surgical management for nasal obstruction due to a deviated nasal septum in adults: A modelling study of cost‐effectiveness
Authors: van Egmond Machteld M. H. T. , Rongen Jan J. , Hedeman Carien J. T. , van Heerbeek Niels , Rovers Maroeska M. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to demonstrate how decision‐analytic modelling can help to determine circumstances under which surgery may become cost‐effective, using septoplasty as an example.DesignWe developed a decision‐analytic model comparing septoplasty to non‐surgical management for nasal obstruction in adults with a deviated septum. Based on the estimated cost difference between both treatments, we calculated the minimal (a) gain in quality‐adjusted life‐years, or (b) reduction in productivity losses needed for septoplasty to be cost‐effective. Input was derived from literature and publicly available data sources. The time horizon of our model was one year, and the willingness‐to‐pay per quality‐adjusted life‐year was €20 000, in accordance with current guidelines.ResultsThe cost difference between septoplasty and non‐surgical management for nasal obstruction due to a deviated nasal septum was €2227 per patient from a healthcare perspective (including direct healthcare costs) and €3288 per patient from an extended perspective (additionally including travel expenses and productivity losses due to poor health). In comparison with non‐surgical management, septoplasty needed to gain 0.11 to 0.16 QALYs or save 13 sick days for nasal obstruction. The longer septoplasty's effect lasts, the more time it will have to compensate its extra costs.ConclusionThis study shows that the known cost difference between treatments can be used as the starting point to determine beneficial effects needed for cost‐effectiveness of surgical interventions. The effect required by septoplasty from a healthcare perspective seems potentially achievable, meaning that it would be useful to perform an RCT assessing the actual benefits of septoplasty.
Habitat loss and overhunting synergistically drive the extirpation of jaguars from the Gran Chaco
Authors: Romero‐Muñoz Alfredo , Torres Ricardo , Noss Andrew J. , Giordano Anthony J. , Quiroga Verónica , Thompson Jeffrey J. , Baumann Matthias , Altrichter Mariana , McBride Roy , Velilla Marianela , Arispe Rosario , Kuemmerle Tobias 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimUnderstanding how habitat loss and overhunting impact large carnivores is important for broad‐scale conservation planning. We aimed to assess how these threats interacted to affect jaguar habitat (Panthera onca) between 1985–2013 in the Gran Chaco, a deforestation hotspot.LocationGran Chaco ecoregion in Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia.MethodsWe modelled jaguar habitat change from 1985–2013 using a time‐calibrated species distribution model that uses all occurrence data available for that period. We modelled habitat as a function of resource availability and hunting threats, which allowed us to separate core (high resource availability and low hunting threat), refuge (low resources but safe), attractive sink (high resources but risky) and sink (low resources and risky) habitat for 1985, 2000 and 2013.ResultsJaguar core areas contracted by 33% (82,400 km2) from 1985–2013, mainly due to an expansion of hunting threats. Sink and attractive sink habitat covered 58% of the jaguar range in 2013 and most confirmed jaguar kill sites occurred in these areas. Furthermore, habitat loss and hunting threats co‐occurred in 29% of jaguars’ range in 2013. Hunting threats also deteriorated core areas within protected areas, but 95% of all core areas loss occurred outside protected lands. About 68% of the remaining core areas in 2013 remained unprotected, mostly close to international borders.Main conclusionsOur study highlights the synergistic effects that habitat loss and hunting threats exert on large carnivores, even inside protected areas, emphasizing the need to consider the geography of threats in conservation planning. Our results also point to the importance of areas along international borders as havens for wildlife and thus the urgent need for cross‐border planning to prevent the imminent extinction of jaguars from the Chaco. Opportunities lie in reducing jaguar mortality over the widespread attractive sinks, particularly in corridors connecting core areas.
Age at referral for diagnosis and rehabilitation services for cerebral palsy: a scoping review
Authors: Boychuck Zachary , Bussières André , Goldschleger Jessica , Majnemer Annette ,   The Prompt Group
Published: October 2018

AimThis study sought to: (1) determine what is known about age at referral for diagnosis and rehabilitation services for children suspected of having cerebral palsy (CP); and (2) identify factors associated with earlier referral.MethodA scoping review was conducted to summarize existing literature. We systematically searched Allied and Complementary Medicine, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PsycINFO for evidence published between 1979 and 2017 on age at referral for diagnosis or age at referral to rehabilitation services for children suspected of having CP. Quantitative and thematic analyses of the literature were performed.ResultsOur search yielded 777 articles, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. Only one study focused on age at referral for diagnosis of CP (mean 16.6mo±19.2mo), with two on age at referral to rehabilitation services (means 13.9mo±15.8mo and 12.4mo). Potential predictors of earlier referral identified include referral source, type of CP, and a complicated birth history.InterpretationEvidence is sparse; however, available studies suggest high variation in the age at which children are being referred for diagnosis, typically ranging from 10 months to 21 months. Evidence indicates that subgroups of children with CP might be experiencing prolonged delays. Findings highlight the need to better understand what contributes to delays in referral for diagnosis and rehabilitation.What this paper adds

Evidence on age at referral for diagnosis of cerebral palsy is sparse.

Potential predictors of delayed referral represent targets to minimize delays in diagnosis.

A subset of children may be experiencing unnecessary delays in referral.
Pro‐social leadership under authoritarianism
Authors: Lu Ming , Xia Lijun , Xiao Jinchuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAuthoritarianism is regarded as being unaccountable for people's needs, but few studies have documented how authoritarian countries balance their policy goals. China is known to use a promotion system to incentivize local leaders to develop the economy, while neglecting social spending. This paper documents that more leaders having a liberal arts background have been promoted as top provincial leaders. After carefully ruling out other channels, we provide evidence that the shift of top provincial leaders’ college educational backgrounds from science/technology to liberal arts/social science has increased fiscal expenditure shares on science, education, culture and public health and cut economic construction expenditures accordingly. The finding is mainly driven by the post‐1994 period, when local leaders had stronger incentives for economic growth. This indicates that Chinese top authorities are promoting more pro‐social local leaders when providing pro‐growth incentives in general.
The effect of physiological and environmental conditions on smolt migration in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Authors: Persson Lo , Kagervall Anders , Leonardsson Kjell , Royan Mansour , Alanärä Anders 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHydropower development has negatively influenced Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations. Compensatory hatchery‐rearing programmes exist, but released fish suffer from high mortality that may be related to the lack of experience from natural environments in hatchery‐reared smolts and their large body size and high energetic state. Here, we used acoustic telemetry to test how body size, energetic state, and the environmental conditions of the river affect migration in hatchery‐reared smolts. The study was conducted in three consecutive years between 2011 and 2013 in the lower part of the River Umeälven, Sweden. For individual fish, there was no effect of body size but the energetic state of the fish had a negative effect on sea entry. The most important factor affecting sea entry rate was the water discharge in the old river bed that differed among years. Smolts were more likely to enter the sea in years when the discharge was high or when the discharge increased substantially shortly after release. Hatchery‐reared fish had higher migration speed at a slower flowing section compared with a faster flowing section, which was likely a result of large hesitation to enter the rapid section. The increase in water discharge led to an increase in fish migration speed disproportional to the increase in water velocity. Our results highlight the importance of water discharge for the smolts during smolt migration, and we argue that concern should be given to migrating fish when managing regulated rivers.
Modulation of circadian rhythms through estrogen receptor signaling
Authors: Hatcher Katherine M. , Royston Sara E. , Mahoney Megan M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCircadian rhythms are physiological and behavioral processes that exhibit a 24‐hr cycle. These daily rhythms are essential for living organisms to align their behavior and physiology with the environment to increase the likelihood of survival. In mammals, circadian rhythms synchronize with the environment primarily by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a hypothalamic brain region that integrates exogenous and endogenous timing cues. Sex steroid hormones, including estrogens, are thought to modulate sexually dimorphic behaviors through developmental programming of the brain (i.e., organization), as well as acute receptor signaling during adulthood (i.e., activation). Importantly, there are known sex differences in the expression of circadian locomotor activity and molecular organization of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, likely due, in part, to the actions of circulating estrogens. Circadian locomotor rhythms, which are coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, have been shown to be regulated by developmental and adult levels of circulating estrogens. Further, increasing evidence suggests that estrogens can modulate expression of circadian clock genes that are essential for orchestration of circadian rhythms by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In this review, we will discuss the organizational and activational modulation of the circadian timekeeping system by estrogens through estrogen receptor signaling.
The phase of pre‐stimulus brain oscillations correlates with cross‐modal synchrony perception
Authors: Ikumi Nara , Torralba Mireia , Ruzzoli Manuela , Soto‐Faraco Salvador 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn everyday life multisensory events, such as a glass crashing on the floor, the different sensory inputs are often experienced as simultaneous, despite the sensory processing of sound and sight within the brain are temporally misaligned. This lack of cross‐modal synchrony is the unavoidable consequence of different light and sound speeds, and their different neural transmission times in the corresponding sensory pathways. Hence, cross‐modal synchrony must be reconstructed during perception. It has been suggested that spontaneous fluctuations in neural excitability might be involved in the temporal organisation of sensory events during perception and account for variability in behavioural performance. Here, we addressed the relationship between ongoing brain oscillations and the perception of cross‐modal simultaneity. Participants performed an audio‐visual simultaneity judgement task while their EEG was recorded. We focused on pre‐stimulu activity, and found that the phase of neural oscillations at 13 ± 2 Hz 200 ms prior to the stimulus correlated with subjective simultaneity of otherwise identical sound‐flash events. Remarkably, the correlation between EEG phase and behavioural report occurred in the absence of concomitant changes in EEG amplitude. The probability of simultaneity perception fluctuated significantly as a function of pre‐stimulus phase, with the largest perceptual variation being accounted for phase angles nearly 180º apart. This pattern was strongly reliable for sound‐flash pairs but not for flash‐sound pairs. Overall, these findings suggest that the phase of ongoing brain activity might underlie internal states of the observer that influence cross‐modal temporal organisation between the senses and, in turn, subjective synchrony.