bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of hospital in the home treatment of acute decompensated congestive cardiac failure compared to traditional in‐hospital treatment in older patients
Authors: Yu Jenny Jia , Sunderland Yana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the outcomes of readmission, mortality and treatment‐related complications in older people treated by hospital in the home (HITH) for acute decompensated congestive cardiac failure (CCF) with those treated in hospital.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients 65 years and older treated by HITH over a 30‐month period compared with age‐ and sex‐matched patients treated in hospital.ResultsThere was no difference between the “HITH” and “Hospital” cohorts in mortality within 60 days of discharge (P = 0.5), time to death (P = 0.8), 30‐day (P = 0.7) and 60‐day (P = 0.4) readmissions, time to readmission (P = 0.9) and complication rate (P = 0.1). HITH patients had longer length of stay (P = 0.001) but lower cost per day of admission ($669.42 vs $1377.58).ConclusionIn appropriately selected older patients, HITH is a safe, efficacious and cost‐effective alternative to inpatient management of acute decompensated CCF.
Resistance of parvalbumin to gastrointestinal digestion is required for profound and long‐lasting prophylactic oral tolerance
Authors: Freidl Raphaela , Gstöttner Antonia , Baranyi Ulrike , Swoboda Ines , Stolz Frank , Focke‐Tejkl Margarete , Wekerle Thomas , van Ree Ronald , Valenta Rudolf , Linhart Birgit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly introduction of food allergens into children's diet is considered as a strategy for the prevention of food allergy. The major fish allergen parvalbumin exhibits high stability against gastrointestinal digestion. We investigated whether resistance of carp parvalbumin to digestion affects oral tolerance induction.MethodsNatural Cyp c 1, nCyp c 1, and a gastrointestinal digestion‐sensitive recombinant Cyp c 1 mutant, mCyp c 1, were analyzed for their ability to induce oral tolerance in a murine model. Both antigens were compared by gel filtration, circular dichroism measurement, in vitro digestion, and splenocyte proliferation assays using synthetic Cyp c 1‐derived peptides. BALB/c mice were fed once with high doses of nCyp c 1 or mCyp c 1, before sensitization to nCyp c 1. Immunological tolerance was studied by measuring Cyp c 1‐specific antibodies and cellular responses by ELISA, basophil activation, splenocyte proliferations, and intragastric allergen challenge.ResultsWild‐type and mCyp c 1 showed the same physicochemical properties and shared the same major T‐cell epitope. However, mCyp c 1 was more sensitive to enzymatic digestion in vitro than nCyp c 1. A single high‐dose oral administration of nCyp c 1 but not of mCyp c 1 induced long‐term oral tolerance, characterized by lack of parvalbumin‐specific antibody and cellular responses. Moreover, mCyp c 1‐fed mice, but not nCyp c 1‐fed mice developed allergic symptoms upon challenge with nCyp c 1.ConclusionSensitivity to digestion in the gastrointestinal tract influences the capacity of an allergen to induce prophylactic oral tolerance.
Symptoms of sexual dysfunction among men from infertile couples: prevalence and association with testosterone deficiency
Authors: Kruljac M. , Finnbogadóttir H. , Bobjer J. , Giraldi A. , Fugl‐Meyer K. , Giwercman A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis case control study aimed to investigate whether symptoms of sexual dysfunction are more common in males from infertile couples than in the general population and to explore whether symptoms of sexual dysfunction are associated to hypogonadism.ObjectivesParticipants were 165 subfertile men in infertile heterosexual relationships, 18–50 years of age, with sperm concentrations < 15 × 106/mL. The controls were 199 men from a population‐based group, matched for age.Material and methodsLogistic regression was applied in order to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for seven different symptoms of sexual dysfunction. In a multivariate model, we tested independent effects of infertility and primary as well as secondary hypogonadism.ResultsStatistically significant association between subfertility and symptoms of sexual dysfunction was found for lack of ability to control ejaculation (OR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2–4.2). For hypogonadism, statistical significance was seen both in relation to low sexual interest/desire for sex (OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.0–5.5) and for being worried about the size or shape of the penis (OR 3.6, 95% CI: 1.3–9.5). These associations remained statistically significant in males with primary but not those with secondary hypogonadism.DiscussionOur study showed that men from infertile couples have an increased risk of symptoms of sexual dysfunction and this risk is linked to androgen deficiency.ConclusionAssessment of reproductive hormone levels and sexual function should routinely be done in this group of males.
Testicular organoids to study cell–cell interactions in the mammalian testis
Authors: Sakib S. , Goldsmith T. , Voigt A. , Dobrinski I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundOver the last ten years, three‐dimensional organoid culture has garnered renewed interest, as organoids generated from primary cells or stem cells with cell associations and functions similar to organs in vivo can be a powerful tool to study tissue‐specific cell–cell interactions in vitro. Very recently, a few interesting approaches have been put forth for generating testicular organoids for studying the germ cell niche microenvironment.AimTo review different model systems that have been employed to study germ cell biology and testicular cell–cell interactions and discuss how the organoid approach can address some of the shortcomings of those systems.Results and ConclusionTesticular organoids that bear architectural and functional similarities to their in vivo counterparts are a powerful model system to study cell–cell interactions in the germ cell niche. Organoids enable studying samples in humans and other large animals where in vivo experiments are not possible, allow modeling of testicular disease and malignancies and may provide a platform to design more precise therapeutic interventions.
Neurological sequelae remain frequent after bacterial meningitis in children
Authors: Svendsen Morten B. , Ring Kofoed Inge , Nielsen Henrik , Schønheyder Henrik Carl , Bodilsen Jacob 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the incidence, clinical presentation and risk factors for neurological sequelae following childhood community‐acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM).MethodsWe included all children aged 1 month to 15 years old with CABM in North Denmark Region, 1998‐2016. Using medical records, we registered baseline demographics, signs and symptoms at admission, laboratory investigations, and outcome assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). A GOS score of 1‐4 was considered an unfavourable outcome. We used modified Poisson regression to examine predefined risk factors for neurological sequelae among survivors.ResultsWe identified 88 cases of CABM in 86 patients (45 female) with a median age of 1.4 years (interquartile range 0.7‐4.6). Neisseria meningitidis was the most common pathogen (48/88). Neurological sequelae occurred in 23 (27%) as hearing deficits in 13 (15%), cognitive impairment in 10 (12%) and motor or sensory nerve deficits in 8 (9%). Unfavourable outcome was observed in 16 (18%) patients and three (3%) patients died. Abnormalities on cranial imaging remained the only independent risk factor for developing neurological sequelae in adjusted analysis.ConclusionNeurological sequelae following CABM in children remain frequent and abnormal cranial imaging may be an independent risk factor.
Children's selective trust: When a group majority is confronted with past accuracy
Authors: Sampaio Leonardo Rodrigues , Harris Paul L. , Barros Maria Lucicléa 
Published: July 2019

In two experiments, 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children were tested for their preferences when seeking and accepting information about novel animals. In Experiment 1, children watched as two adults named unfamiliar animals – one adult was predominantly accurate, whereas the other was predominantly inaccurate, as judged by a teacher. In a subsequent test phase, participants viewed additional unfamiliar animals and were invited to endorse one of two conflicting names. Either the predominantly accurate or the predominantly inaccurate adult proposed one name, whereas a majority of three unfamiliar adults proposed the other name. Children were more likely to endorse the predominantly accurate adult as compared to the majority but showed no significant preference for the predominantly inaccurate adult as compared to the majority. In Experiment 2, participants watched two adults correctly name three familiar animals, but only one named three additional unfamiliar animals whereas the other expressed uncertainty. On subsequent test trials, children preferred the apparently well‐informed adult to the less‐informed adult but, contrary to the results of Experiment 1, children preferred the information provided by a majority instead of the apparently well‐informed adult. The implications of these results are discussed in the light of previous research on children's selective trust in an accurate informant as compared to a consensus.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on the subject?

Young children monitor past accuracy and use this epistemic cue to decide whom to trust;

Children are receptive to information coming from a consensus;

Non‐epistemic cues, such as familiarity and accent, also influence children's deference

What does this study adds?

Children favour a dissenter over a majority if the dissenter's past accuracy has been publicly highlighted.

They favour a majority if a dissenter's past accuracy has not been publicly highlighted.

A confident informant is preferred to a hesitant informant.
Base‐salt relief controls salt‐related deformation in the Outer Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola
Authors: Evans Sian L. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSalt‐influenced passive margins are widespread and commonly hydrocarbon‐rich. However, they can be structurally complex, with their kinematic development being poorly understood. Classic models of salt tectonics divide such margins into updip extensional, mid‐slope translational and downdip contractional kinematic domains. Furthermore the faults, folds, and salt walls associated with each kinematic domain are typically assumed to form perpendicular to the maximum principal stress, which in gravitationally driven systems means broadly perpendicular to base‐salt dip. We use high‐resolution 3D seismic reflection data from the Outer Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola to show that these models cannot explain the diversity of salt structures developing on passive margins, especially those defined by considerable relief on the base‐of‐salt surface. Overburden seismic‐stratigraphic patterns record the basinward translation and rotation, allowing us to reconstruct the origin and evolution of the salt structures. We show structures in the transitional domain of the Outer Kwanza Basin display three dominant trends, each characterised by different structural styles: (a) salt walls perpendicular to the overall base‐salt dip, (b) salt walls parallel to the base‐salt dip and (c) salt walls oblique to the base‐salt dip. We show that each set of walls has a unique history, with synchronous phases of extension and compression occurring in adjacent structures despite their close spatial relationship. Our analysis suggests that, in the Outer Kwanza Basin, the structural evolution of the salt and overburden is predominantly controlled by translation over relief on the base‐salt surface formed above fault scarps associated with a preceding phase of rifting. Changes in the downdip volumetric flux and velocity of the salt over topographic features can cause local extension or contraction of the salt and its overburden, associated with local acceleration or deceleration of the salt, respectively. This interaction with base‐salt relief creates locally variable stress fields that deform the salt and its overburden, overprinting the broader, margin‐scale salt tectonics typically associated with gravity gliding and spreading.
Tropical forest composition and function across space and time: Insights from diverse gradients in Área de Conservación Guanacaste
Authors: Hulshof Catherine M. , Powers Jennifer S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnvironmental gradients have played a pivotal role in the history and development of plant ecology and are useful for testing ecological and evolutionary theory. Área de Conservación Guanacaste is a spatio‐temporal mosaic of forests that have evolved continuously across elevation, topography, soil types, succession, and annual and inter‐annual climatic change. Studies of plant ecology across diverse gradients of ACG have shaped functional ecology, successional theory, community assembly, plant–herbivore interactions, among many other fields. In this review, we synthesize the, perhaps overlooked, role plant ecological studies of ACG have had on our understanding of tropical forest dynamics. We outline present‐day processes that will have major impacts on forest dynamics of ACG in the future and highlight how ACG will continue to shape future research priorities in plant ecology.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Delphinidin suppresses breast carcinogenesis through the HOTAIR/microRNA‐34a axis
Authors: Han Bin , Peng Xiaoli , Cheng Daomei , Zhu Yanfeng , Du Jingchang , Li Ju , Yu Xiaoping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDelphinidin, one of the main anthocyanidins, has potent anti‐cancer properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of delphinidin on 1‐methyl‐1‐nitrosourea (MNU)‐induced breast carcinogenesis on rats and the mechanism of delphinidin via negative regulation of the HOTAIR/microRNA‐34a axis. We found administration of delphinidin could effectively suppress MNU‐induced mammal breast carcinogenesis. Delphinidin downregulated the level of HOTAIR and upregulated miR‐34a in breast carcinogenesis. Western blot analysis confirmed that delphinidin treatment can significantly decrease the expression of β‐catenin, glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (Gsk3β), c‐Myc, cyclin‐D1, and matrix metalloproteinase‐7(MMP‐7) expression in breast cancer cells, and inhibition of miR‐34a significantly reduced the effect of delphinidin on c‐Myc, cyclin‐D1, and MMP‐7. HOTAIR overexpression also blocked the effect of delphinidin on miR‐34a and the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay results showed that delphinidin upregulated miR‐34a by inhibiting HOTAIR, coupled with enhancement of the zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). This study indicated that delphinidin may potentially suppress breast carcinogenesis and exert its anti‐cancer effect through the HOTAIR/miR‐34a axis. These findings provided new evidence for the use of delphinidin in preventing breast carcinogenesis.
Diagnostic potential of hypermethylation of the cysteine dioxygenase 1 gene (CDO1) promoter DNA in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Nishizawa Nobuyuki , Harada Hiroki , Kumamoto Yusuke , Kaizu Takashi , Katoh Hiroshi , Tajima Hiroshi , Ushiku Hideki , Yokoi Keigo , Igarashi Kazuharu , Fujiyama Yoshiki , Okuwaki Kosuke , Iwai Tomohisa , Watanabe Masahiko , Yamashita Keishi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDNA markers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are urgently needed for detection of minimally invasive disease. The epigenetic relevance of the cysteine dioxygenase 1 gene (CDO1) has been never investigated in PDAC. Three studies, including cellular experiments, tissue validation, and pilot testing for pancreatic cytology, were carried out. Promoter DNA methylation value (MV) of CDO1 was quantified by quantitative methylation‐specific PCR. CDO1 expression was consistent with its promoter DNA methylation in 7 PDAC cell lines. In 160 retrospectively collected primary PDAC tumor tissues, MV was significantly higher compared to the corresponding noncancerous pancreas (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.97, P < .0001), and CDO1 hypermethylation was highly specific to PDAC tumor tissues. CDO1 hypermethylation group (MV over 19) was significantly associated with diverse prognostic factors in PDAC. Surprisingly, it was significantly higher in prospectively collected PDAC cytology samples (n = 37), including both pancreatic juice (n = 12) and endoscopic ultrasound‐fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) cytology (n = 25) compared to pancreatic benign diseases (AUC = 0.96, P < .0001). Detection of PDAC was confirmed by DNA testing in 35 of 37 patients (95% sensitivity); thus, it was more sensitive than cytology (33%) or EUS‐FNA cytology (88%). Promoter DNA methylation of CDO1 is extremely specific for PDAC tumors, and accumulates with PDAC tumor progression. It could be a definitive diagnostic marker of PDAC in pancreatic juice or EUS‐FNA cytology.
Cancer‐associated fibroblast‐derived interleukin‐1β activates protumor C‐C motif chemokine ligand 22 signaling in head and neck cancer
Authors: Huang Yu‐Hsuan , Chang Che‐Ying , Kuo Yi‐Zih , Fang Wei‐Yu , Kao Hung‐Ying , Tsai Sen‐Tien , Wu Li‐Wha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOral cancer, a subtype of head and neck cancer, is characterized by increased infiltrating regulatory T cells (Treg); however, the pathological significance of the increase in Tregs in disease prognosis and progression and their underlying mechanism remain unestablished. C‐C motif chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22) has been implicated in the recruitment of Tregs. We used RT‐qPCR to determine CCL22 mRNA expression in clinical specimens and cultured cells. Loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function studies were carried out to analyze the effects of CCL22 modulations on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis and the mechanism involved in the deregulation of CCL22. In oral cancer specimens, CCL22 mRNA was upregulated. The increase was not only associated with reduced disease‐free survival but also strongly correlated with an increase in FOXP3 mRNA, a master regulator of Treg development and functions. Silencing CCL22 expression reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas ectopic overexpression showed opposite effects. Manipulation of CCL22 expression in cancer cells altered tumorigenesis in both immune‐compromised and ‐competent mice, supporting both autonomous and non‐autonomous actions of CCL22. Release of interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) from cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAF) induces CCL22 mRNA expression in oral cancer cells by activating transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB). Our data support a model in which CAF‐derived IL‐1β, CCL22, and its receptor CCR4 foster a protumor environment by promoting cell transformation and Treg infiltration. Intervention of the IL‐1β‐CCL22‐CCR4 signaling axis may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for oral cancer treatment.
Long noncoding RNA TP53TG1 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development by acting as a molecular sponge of microRNA‐96
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Yang Haiyan , Du Yong , Liu Pingping , Zhang Jing , Li Yue , Shen Haitao , Xing Lingxiao , Xue Xiaoying , Chen Jie , Zhang Xianghong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in cancer initiation and progression. TP53TG1 is a recently identified lncRNA and several studies have shown that TP53TG1 may play the role of tumor suppressor gene or oncogene in different tumors. Nevertheless, the involvement of TP53TG1 in carcinogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been characterized. In our studies, we identified that TP53TG1 was highly expressed in PDAC and was a novel regulator of PDAC development. Knockdown of TP53TG1 inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and decreased migration and invasion in PDAC cells, whereas enhanced expression of TP53TG1 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, TP53TG1 could directly bind to microRNA (miR)‐96 and effectively function as a sponge for miR‐96, thus antagonizing the functions of miR‐96 and leading to derepression of its endogenous target KRAS, which is a core oncogene in the initiation and maintenance of PDAC. Taken together, these observations imply that TP53TG1 contributes to the growth and progression of PDAC by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to competitively bind to miR‐96 and regulate KRAS expression, which highlights the importance of the complicated miRNA‐lncRNA network in modulating the progression of PDAC.
Postural, Visual, and Manual Coordination in the Development of Prehension
Authors: Rachwani Jaya , Herzberg Orit , Golenia Laura , Adolph Karen E. 
Published: July 2019

We investigated the real‐time cascade of postural, visual, and manual actions for object prehension in 38 6‐ to 12‐month‐old infants (all independent sitters) and eight adults. Participants’ task was to retrieve a target as they spun past it at different speeds on a motorized chair. A head‐mounted eye tracker recorded visual actions and video captured postural and manual actions. Prehension played out in a coordinated sequence of postural–visual–manual behaviors starting with turning the head and trunk to bring the toy into view, which in turn instigated the start of the reach. Visually fixating the toy to locate its position guided the hand for toy contact and retrieval. Prehension performance decreased at faster speeds, but quick planning and implementation of actions predicted better performance.
Developmental Trends in Sexual Attraction Among Puerto Rican Early Adolescents in Two Contexts
Authors: Elkington Katherine S. , Wainberg Milton L. , Ramos‐Olazagasti Maria , Chen Chen , Ortin Ana , Canino Glorisa J. , Bird Hector R. , Duarte Cristiane S. 
Published: July 2019

Sexual attraction (SA), the earliest stage of sexual orientation, is scarcely studied. This prospective study examined, over 3 years, prevalence, changes in SA, and the role of context, among 946 Puerto Rican youth, aged 11–13 years at initial assessment in the South Bronx (SBx), New York City, and Puerto Rico (PR). Overall, 98.1% of boys and 95.3% of girls reported opposite‐sex only SA at some point, whereas 13.8% of girls and 12.0% of boys reported any‐same SA. Opposite‐sex only SA increased over time, whereas other SAs decreased except for any same‐sex SA among SBx girls. Girls in the SBx and younger youth in PR reported more any same‐sex SA. Context and culture may play a role in the developmental trajectories of adolescents’ SA.