bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient motives for contacting out-of-hours care in Denmark: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Huibers Linda , Carlsen Anders H , Moth Grete , Christensen Helle C , Riddervold Ingunn S , Christensen Morten B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Patients in need of acute healthcare do not always contact the most suitable healthcare service provider. Contacting out-of-hours primary care for an urgent problem may delay care, whereas contacting emergency medical services for a non-urgent problem could ultimately affect patient safety. More insight into patient motives for contacting a specific healthcare provider may help optimise patient flows. This study aims to explore patient motives for contacting out-of-hours primary care and the emergency medical services in Denmark.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional observational study by sending a questionnaires to patients contacting out-of-hours primary care and emergency medical services, both of which can be directly contacted by patients, in two of five Danish regions in 2015. As we aimed to focus on the first access point, the emergency department was not included. The questionnaire included items on patient characteristics, health problem and 26 pre-defined motives. Descriptive analyses of patient characteristics and motives were conducted, stratified by the two healthcare service providers. Factors associated with contacting each of the two service providers were explored in a modified Poisson regression analysis, and adjusted risk ratios were calculated.

Results

Three key motives for contacting the two service providers were identified: ‘unpleasant symptoms’, ‘perceived need for prompt action’ and ‘perceived most suitable healthcare provider’. Other important motives were ‘need arose outside office hours’ and ‘wanted to talk to a physician’ (out-of-hours primary care) and ‘expected need for ambulance’ and ‘worried’ (emergency medical services). Higher probability of contacting the emergency medical services versus out-of-hours primary care was seen for most motives relating to own assessment and expectations, previous experience and knowledge, and own needs and wishes. Lower probability was seen for most motives relating to perceived barriers and benefits.

Conclusions

Patient motives for contacting the two healthcare service providers were partly overlapping. The study contributes with new knowledge on the complex decision-making process of patients in need of acute healthcare. This knowledge could help optimise existing healthcare services, such as patient safety and the service level, without increasing healthcare costs.
Can stunting be corrected?: Lessons from Indonesia
Authors: Aryastami Ni Ketut , Achadi Endang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Impaired growth in children can starts during pregnancy and continue to a few years after birth. Age of 0-2 year is considered as the critical window of growth after birth. This study aimed to investigate the influence of early growth towards growth in the pre-pubertal period.

Methods

The study was utilizing the Indonesian Family Life Survey panel data of 1993, 1997, and 2000, covered 13 out of 27 provinces. The sample was children aged 0-2 years (year 1993), 4-6 years (1997) and 7-9 years old (2000).The data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 13.0.

Results

About 77% of children who were stunting at 0-2 years and continued at age 4-6 years, remained stunting at ages 7-9 years; 59.5% who were stunting at 4-6 years, remained stunting at age 7-9 years; 10% who were normal at ages 0-2 and 4-6 years become stunting at age 7-9 years, and 16% among those who were stunting at age 0-2 year become normal at age 4-6 years. Multivariate analysis showed that children who were stunting at age 0-2 years and continued until age 4-6 years have 27 times risk of becoming stunting at age 7-9 and those who were stunting at age 4-6 years have 14 times risk. On the other hand, those who were stunting at age 0-2 years but became normal at age 4-6 years, were not related to the risk of becoming stunting at later age.

Conclusion

Stunted at age 7-9 years is appointed by shortness at the previous period especially when it began at age of 0-2 years and extended into age of 4-6 years. Particular concern has to be carefully interpreted for the evidence of regaining height of stunted children at 0-2 years into normal height at 4-6 years.
Medication prescribing quality in Australian primary care patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bezabhe Woldesellassie , Kitsos Alex , Saunder Timothy , Peterson Gregory M. , Bereznicki Luke R. , Jose Matthew , Wimmer Barbara , Radford Jan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Drugs are commonly used in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to treat an underlying cause, or its numerous complications and comorbidities. The objective of this study was to examine the quality of prescribing in patients with CKD in Australian general practice, using validated indicators.

Methods

We evaluated Australian general practice data obtained from the NPS MedicineWise MedicineInsight dataset for patients with CKD and aged 18 years or older. We used 16 internationally validated prescribing quality indicators focused on medication need, choice and safety in patients with CKD, and we compared results for patients with and without concomitant diabetes.

Results

Among 44,259 patients aged 18 years or older with evidence of CKD stages 3-5, 13,263 (30%) had documentation of a diagnosis of diabetes. Less than half of all patients (40.8%) with CKD stages 3-5 and aged 50 to 65 years were prescribed a statin. The use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) was higher in patients with concomitant diabetes (64.1%) compared with those without diabetes (51.5%; P<0.001), yet only 69.9% of the patients with diabetes and microalbuminuria were receiving an ACEI or ARB. There were 7,426 patients (16.8%) with CKD stages 3-5 potentially receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including 14.3% of those patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Potentially inappropriate medication use was more common in CKD patients living in relatively disadvantaged socioeconomic areas, as well as in regional and remote areas.

Conclusions

We identified areas for possible improvement in the prescribing of preventive medications, as well as deprescribing of potentially nephrotoxic medication, in patients with CKD stages 3-5. Targets for intervention studies in Australian general practice could include the appropriate prescribing of recommended preventive medications of patients with CKD, such as an ACEI/ARB and statin, and deprescribing of NSAIDs in patients with concurrent ACEI/ARB therapy.
The redox-dependent regulation of satellite cells following aseptic muscle trauma (SpEED): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Papanikolaou Konstantinos , Draganidis Dimitrios , Chatzinikolaou Athanasios , Laschou Vassiliki C. , Georgakouli Kalliopi , Tsimeas Panagiotis , Batrakoulis Alexios , Deli Charikleia K. , Jamurtas Athanasios Z. , FATOUROS IOANNIS 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Muscle satellite cells (SCs) are crucial for muscle regeneration following muscle trauma. Acute skeletal muscle damage results in inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may be implicated in SCs activation. Protection of these cells from oxidative damage is essential to ensure sufficient muscle regeneration. The aim of this study is to determine whether SCs activity under conditions of aseptic skeletal muscle trauma induced by exercise is redox-dependent.

Methods/design

Based on their SCs content in their vastus lateralis skeletal muscle, participants will be classified as either high or low respondents. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, repeated measures design, participants will then receive either Placebo or N-acetylcysteine (alters redox potential in muscle) during a preliminary 7-day loading phase, and for 8 consecutive days following a single bout of intense muscle-damaging exercise. In both trials, blood samples and muscle biopsies will be collected, and muscle performance and soreness will be measured at baseline, pre-exercise, 2- and 8-days post-exercise. Biological samples will be analyzed for redox status and SCs activity. Between trials, a 4-week washout period will be implemented.

Discussion

This study is designed to investigate the impact of redox status on SCs mobilization and thus skeletal muscle potential for regeneration under conditions of aseptic inflammation induced by exercise. Findings of this trial will provide insight into i) molecular pathways involved in SCs recruitment and muscle healing under conditions of aseptic skeletal muscle trauma present in numerous catabolic conditions and ii) if skeletal muscle’s potential for regeneration depends on its basal SCs content.
Recurrent post-partum rhombencephalitis associated with anti-centromere antibody: A case report
Authors: Author) Andy Jin(Former Corresponding , Mamelona Jean , Harper Byrne , Author) Alier Marrero(New Corresponding 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Rhombencephalitis (RE) is a serious condition of the brain with multiple etiologies. We report a unique case of recurrent, postpartum RE that is associated with positive anti-centromere antibody (ACA). A discussion of the case, current literature on autoimmune RE and related autoantibodies are reviewed.

Case Presentation

A healthy 33-year-old Caucasian patient (gravida 2, para 2) had two episodes of progressive focal neurological deficits during postpartum periods. Signs and symptoms included right-sided dysmetria, adiadochokinesia, weakness, ataxia, and photophobia. MRI revealed rhombencephalitis involving the mesencephalon. Extensive and comprehensive investigations using blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were consistently positive only for ACA. The first episode was successfully treated with empiric antimicrobial agents and steroid. Given the negative infectious work up with the prior episode and the nearly identical clinical presentations, the second episode was treated with corticosteroid only. This led to complete resolution of her symptoms and reversal of the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions.

Conclusion

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a primary autoimmune RE during postpartum period that is associated with ACA. Immunologic causes should be considered early with any encephalitis. Given the risk of recurrence, relapse, and neurologic deterioration, regular monitoring is recommended, especially for female patients of child-bearing age. Consistent with the current literature on autoimmune RE, steroid seems to be an effective treatment for ACA-associated RE.
Human metapneumovirus prevalence and patterns of genotype persistence identified through surveillance of pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions in coastal Kenya, 2007-2016
Authors: Oketch John W , Kamau Everlyn , Otieno Grieven P , Otieno James R , Agoti Charles N , Nokes James D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important respiratory pathogen that causes seasonal epidemics of acute respiratory illness and contributes significantly to childhood pneumonia. Current knowledge and understanding on its patterns of spread, prevalence and persistence in communities is limited.

Methods

We present findings of a molecular-epidemiological analysis of nasal samples from children < 5 years of age admitted with syndromic pneumonia between 2007 and 2016 to Kilifi County Hospital, coastal Kenya. HMPV infection was detected using real-time RT-PCR and positives sequenced in the fusion (F) and attachment (G) genes followed by phylogenetic analysis. The association between disease severity and HMPV genotype was assessed using Chi-square test for independence.

Results

Over 10 years, 274/6756 (4.10%) samples screened were HMPV positive. Annual prevalence fluctuated between years ranging 1.2% to 8.7% and lowest in the recent years (2014-2016). HMPV detections were most frequent between October of one year to April of the following year. Genotyping was successful for 205/274 (74.8%) positives revealing A2b (41.0%), A2c (10.7%), B1 (23.4%) and B2 (24.9%). The dominance patterns were: genotype A2b between 2007-11, B1 between 2012-14, and A2c in more recent epidemics. Genotype B2 viruses were present in all the years. These patterns mirrored the global picture. Temporal phylogenetic clustering within the genotypes for both local and global sequence data was seen. Genotypes occurring in each epidemic season were comprised of multiple variants. Pneumonia severity did not vary by genotype (p=0.264). In both the F and G gene, the sequenced regions were found to be predominantly under purifying selection.

Conclusion

Genotype and strain patterns from this rural African setting temporally map with global strain distribution, suggesting a well-mixed global virus transmission pool of HMPV. Persistence in the local community is characterized by repeated introductions of HMPV variants from the global pool. The factors underlying the declining prevalence of HMPV in this population should be investigated.
Metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal quality change in the orange-rooted Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) from cultivated field
Authors: Zhan Zhilai , Fang Wentao , Ma Xiaohui , Chen Tong , Cui Guanghong , Ma Ying , Kang Liping , Nan Tiegui , Lin Huixin , Tang Jinfu , Zhang Yan , Lai Changjiangsheng , Ren Zhenli , Wang Yanan , Zhao Yujun , Shen Ye , Wang Ling , Zeng Wen , Guo Juan , Huang Luqi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background The dry root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, or Danshen, is a well-known, traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinones are active compounds that accumulate in the periderm, resulting in red-colored roots. However, lines with orange roots have been observed in cultivated fields. Here, we performed metabolome and transcriptome analyses to investigate the changes of orange-rooted Danshen. Results In total, 40 lipophilic components were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-Tof-MS). Seven compounds were significantly decreased in the orange Danshen, including the most abundant active compounds, tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I in normal Danshen. Systematic analysis of transcriptome profiles revealed that the down-regulated genes related to catalytic dehydrogenation was not detected. However, two genes related to stress resistance, and four genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of proteins were up-regulated in orange Danshen. Conclusion Decreases in the content of dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones such as tanshinone IIA resulted in phenotypic changes and quality degradation of Danshen. Transcriptome analysis indicated that incorrect folding and ER-associated degradation of corresponding enzymes, which could catalyze C15-C16 dehydrogenase, contributed to the decrease in dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones, rather than lower expression of the relative genes.
Corn Response to Sulfur Fertilizer in the Red River Valley
Authors: Kaur Jashandeep , Chatterjee Amitava , Franzen David , Cihacek Larry 
Published: June 2019

The recent incidence and severity of sulfur (S) deficiency due to a decrease in atmospheric S deposition and greater S removal by crops requires reevaluating current S recommendation for corn (Zea mays L.). Ten on‐farm field trials were conducted to evaluate corn response to S additions at sites in the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota between 2016 and 2017. Sulfur rates of 0, 11, 22, 33, 44 kg S ha–1 as granular (NH4)2SO4 were broadcasted and incorporated prior to corn planting using randomized complete block design with four replications. Plant tissue S concentration and N/S ratios were determined at two corn growth stages (V6 and V12 in 2016, V12 and R1 in 2017) and grain yield was measured at harvest. Plant tissue S did not increase with S fertilizer at V6 and V12 stages in 2016 whereas in 2017, tissue S increased with 11 kg S ha–1 at two sites in the V6 growth stage. Yield was not related to both soil S and plant parameters. Corn yield increased with 11 kg S ha–1 fertilizer rate at two of ten locations. Lack of response at the remaining sites suggests that S from organic matter and mineralization was enough for crop growth and hence applied fertilizer S had no effect on yield.Core Ideas

Corn grain yield increased with S fertilizer at two of ten sites.
No response to S fertilizer occurred due to dry early growing season.
Plant tissue tests were not reliable indicators in predicting response.
Preparation and Characterization of Attapulgite‐Fly Ash–Based Binuclear Slow‐Release Fertilizer Encapsulated by Eudragit
Authors: Fu Jiajia , Wang Chenyi , Chen Xianxian , Huang Zhaowei , Miu Junjie , Shi Liwei , Wang Shaoqi 
Published: June 2019

To enhance the effectiveness of urea, a novel, binuclear, slow‐release urea fertilizer was developed with the application of drum‐coating technology, which used large granular urea as the core carrier, attapulgite (APT)–fly ash (FA) as the inner coating, and Eudragit as the outer coating. The nutrient‐release characteristics of the binuclear slow‐release fertilizer with 10% coating synthesized under optimized conditions were studied in soil and water, and the relationships between pH, electrical conductivity, and nitrogen release rate were determined through fitting function. The structure and properties of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the optimum preparation conditions were as follows: the inner coating shall be 4% binder concentration, 10 g APT and FA in total, APT/FA = 7:3; coating film material of Eudragit E100, 75% ethanol concentration, with coating accounting for >9% and plasticizer accounting for 1%. The product showed excellent release performance, with 65.74% of the nutrients leaching in the soil column within 28 d. Therefore, this work has demonstrated the potential of this new double‐coated fertilizer system in agriculture for improving the effectiveness of fertilizers.Core Ideas

A novel binuclear slow‐release urea fertilizer was developed with the application of drum‐coating technology under optimized conditions.
Binuclear fertilizer exhibited an excellent release behavior of 65.74% nutrient leaching in the soil column within 28 days.
The relationship between the nutrient release rate of binuclear fertilizer in water and soil column was exponential fitting.
The method of predicting the rate of nutrient release using pH and EC was feasible and accurate.
Larger Seed Size Shows Less Germination and Seedling Growth Decline Caused by Seed Ageing under Na2CO3 Stress in Leymus chinensis
Authors: Ao Yunna , Wang Junfeng , Liu Mengxing , Wang Jiao , Knops Johannes M. H. , Mu Chunsheng 
Published: June 2019

Understanding of seed germination in sodic soils is needed to accelerate the restoration process in degraded saline‐sodic grassland. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of seed age (2 vs. 6 yr) and seed size (small vs. large) on seed germination and seedling growth in sodic grasslands. Older seeds (6 vs. 2 yr) reduced seed germination by 29%, germination potential by 36%, and the seedling vigor index by 52%. Seed size (small vs. large) reduced seed germination by 18%, germination potential by 20%, and seedling vigor by 19%. Sodic salt stress (>10 mM Na2CO3) decreased germination by 64%, germination potential by 68%, and seedling vigor index by 33%. Sodic salt stress decreases in seed germination and seedling vigor increased with seed age. These findings suggest that younger and large seeds are preferable for restoration efforts in sodic soils. Thus, in regions where the soil has a high level of sodicity, we suggest that large seeds be selected and stored only for a short period of time for seeding.Core Ideas

Germination of a 6‐yr‐old seed lot was reduced by seed ageing compared with a 2‐yr‐old seed lot.
Light sodic salt stress increased seed germination, whereas heavy stress markedly inhibited germination and the seedling vigor index.
Larger seed size partially offset reductions in germination and the seedling vigor index, especially in high sodic salt stress conditions.
Does Fertilizing Corn with Poultry Litter Enrich the Grain with Mineral Nutrients?
Authors: Tewolde Haile , Sistani Karamat R. , Feng Gary , Menkir Abebe 
Published: June 2019

Whether poultry litter (PL) increases concentration of selected mineral elements in corn (Zea maysL.) grain has not been well investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether fertilizing corn with PL enriches the grain and other plant parts with selected mineral elements. Corn was grown in the field in northern Mississippi with no fertilization (UTC) or fertilization with 9 or 18 Mg ha–1PL, or 202 kg ha–1NH4NO3–N applied in the fall vs. spring. Poultry litter, regardless of application timing, increased soil total N and extractable P, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Zn by up to twofold relative to NH4NO3–N. Litter also increased concentration of N, P, Cu, and Zn in leaves and stems but did not particularly enrich the grain with any of the measured elements. Grain N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations were highest in corn fertilized with 202 kg ha–1NH4NO3–N applied in the spring. Poultry litter increased grain concentrations of these elements to equal those of the NH4NO3–N fertilized corn only if it also increased the N level in the plant and the grain. High positive correlation of grain N with grain P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn suggests that conditions that increase grain protein level would also increase the levels of P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the grain and that the level of mineral elements in corn grain is dependent on the level of N nutrition of the corn plant.Core IdeasNitrogen accumulates in corn grain in proportion to its availability in the soil.Phosphorus, K, and other elements do not accumulate in the grain in proportion to their soil levels.Mineral element level in grain depends on grain N level.Poultry litter elevates grain nutrient levels only when it also elevates N level.Optimal N fertilization may be the best approach to produce optimal yield and nutritious grain.