bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining parent use of specific intervention techniques during a 12-week training program based on the Early Start Denver Model
Authors: Waddington Hannah , van der Meer Larah , Sigafoos Jeff , Whitehouse Andrew 
Published: September 2019

Contemporary parent-implemented early intervention programs for children with autism spectrum disorder usually incorporate a range of techniques with different theoretical underpinnings. While research suggests that parents often learn to implement interventions with an acceptable degree of overall fidelity, there is limited research into parent use of individual intervention techniques. This study included five mothers of young children with autism spectrum disorder who participated in a 12-week parent training program based on the Early Start Denver Model. Ten-minute play samples were coded for the mothers’ use of 18 specific Early Start Denver Model techniques before, during, and 1 month after the training program. The correlation between the mothers’ use of each Early Start Denver Model technique and their child’s level of engagement and expressive language was also calculated. Results suggest that all mothers increased the number of techniques that they were using from baseline to parent training. Some Early Start Denver Model techniques were moderately or strongly correlated with both child engagement and expressive language. There was considerable variation in outcomes across all mother–child dyads. These preliminary results have implications for how parents are trained/coached to implement interventions for young children with autism spectrum disorder. Lay abstract Parents of young children with autism are often taught to deliver interventions which involve several different types of strategies. Research suggests that parents can usually learn to deliver these interventions but not much is known about their use of each specific intervention strategy. This study included five mothers of young children with autism who participated in a 12-week parent training program based on the Early Start Denver Model. We measured their use of 18 different ESDM strategies before, during, and 1 month after the training program. We found that parents increased the number of strategies that they used during the training program. There were differences between mothers in terms of the ESDM strategies that they used the most during the training. We also found that some of the strategies were more closely related to children’s levels of engagement and language than others. This suggests that parent training should be adapted to suit each parent’s needs.
Lower adalimumab trough levels are associated with higher bowel wall thickness in Crohn's disease
Authors: Ungar Bella , Ben‐Shatach Zohar , Selinger Limor , Malik Alona , Albshesh Ahmad , Ben‐Horin Shomron , Eliakim Rami , Kopylov Uri , Carter Dan 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundIn Crohn's disease, higher adalimumab trough levels and negative anti‐adalimumab‐antibodies associate with better clinical and endoscopic outcomes. Intestinal ultrasound has become a relevant non‐invasive method to monitor treatment. However, data on the association between adalimumab levels and bowel wall thickness measured with ultrasound is limited.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the possible association between the sonographic transmural‐thickness and adalimumab trough levels.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study was conducted at Sheba Medical Center in 2014–2018. Crohn's disease patients on adalimumab maintenance therapy with intestinal ultrasound performed within <30 days of trough level measurement were included. Associations between terminal ileum and colonic thickness, adalimumab levels and therapy retention were assessed.ResultsFifty events of ultrasound with concomitant adalimumab trough level measurements in 44 Crohn's disease patients were included. Patients with trough level <3 μg/ml had significantly higher bowel wall thickness, both for terminal ileum (p  = 0.04) and colon (p  = 0.02). Thirty‐two patients continued adalimumab therapy over one year. The adalimumab retention rate was higher among those with terminal ileum thickness <4 mm (p  = 0.03).ConclusionLower adalimumab trough levels were associated with higher bowel wall thickness indicating poorer therapy outcome. Transmural thickness measurement with ultrasound may be a useful target for guiding biologic therapy in Crohn's disease.
Adhesive strips as the sole method for skin closure is effective in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Yuenyongviwat Varah , Iamthanaporn Khanin , Tuntarattanapong Pakjai , Dissaneewate Kantapon , Tangjatsakow Preyanun , Liawrungrueang Wongthawat , Hongnaparak Theerawit 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Adhesive strips are used as the sole method for skin closure in many operations except total knee arthroplasty. The claims are decreased wound closure time, less tissue reaction, and lack of stitch marks. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of closure using adhesive strips versus running subcuticular stitches. Methods: This study was a retrospective case-matched study. Running subcuticular stitches or adhesive strips were used for skin closure in 151 and 137 patients, respectively. All of the patients had an operation by a single surgeon and had the same patient care protocol. All of the patients were evaluated postoperatively for wound complication at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months follow-up. Results: The wounds of most patients in both groups had healed. The incidence of superficial infection was not different between the groups (1.32% in the running subcuticular suture group and 1.46% in the adhesive strip group) ( p = 0.92). One case (0.66%) in the running subcuticular suture group had deep infection, which required reoperation ( p = 0.34). The patients in the running subcuticular suture group had higher unabsorbable sutures, which required further removal compared to the adhesive strip group ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: The use of adhesive strips is an effective skin closure method with a low rate of infection and skin complications. This technique is easy and there is no need for suture removal. Furthermore, there are no stitch marks and the cost of suturing is lower.
Prevalence of systemic sclerosis in Colombia: Data from the National Health Registry 2012–2016
Authors: Fernández-Ávila Daniel G , Bernal-Macías Santiago , Gutiérrez Juan M , Rincón Diana N , Rosselli Diego 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that characteristically presents with fibrosis and vasculopathy. In Latin America, the information on the epidemiology of this disease is scarce and records are essential to know its behavior in the populations. In Colombia, the Ministry of Health uses the SISPRO tool to collect information on the unified national health system which offers nearly universal coverage (around 95%). This public information makes it possible to perform epidemiological studies on different diseases. Objectives: Using the SISPRO data corresponding to the years 2012–2016, we analyzed the prevalence and characteristics of patients with systemic sclerosis. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed based on the SISPRO data; we used as keywords the diagnoses of the International Classification of Diseases related to the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. Results: A total of 11,300 individuals diagnosed with systemic sclerosis were documented. The estimated prevalence was 23.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (based on a total population of 47,663,162); this disease is more frequent in the age group of 65–69 years in females (77%), and has a female:male ratio of 3.27:1. Conclusion: This study describes the epidemiological characteristics of systemic sclerosis in Colombia, based on official statistics from the Ministry of Health. The results provide a new vision of this disease in Latin America and open the door to future research, in order to better understand the particular characteristics of this disease in our country and our region.
Macrolide combination therapy for patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia? An individualised approach supported by machine learning
Authors: König Rainer , Cao Xueqi , Oswald Marcus , Forstner Christina , Rohde Gernot , Rupp Jan , Witzenrath Martin , Welte Tobias , Kolditz Martin , Pletz Mathias 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe role of macrolide/β-lactam combination therapy in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) of moderate severity is a matter of debate. Macrolides expand the coverage to atypical pathogens and attenuate pulmonary inflammation, but have been associated with cardiovascular toxicity and drug interactions. We developed a decision tree based on aetiological and clinical parameters, which are availableex anteto support a personalised decision for or against macrolides for the best clinical outcome of the individual patient.MethodsWe employed machine learning in a cross-validation scheme based on a well-balanced selection of 4898 patients after propensity score matching to data available on admission of 6440 hospitalised patients with moderate severity (non-intensive care unit patients) from the observational, prospective, multinational CAPNETZ study. We aimed to improve the primary outcome of 180-day survival.ResultsWe found a simple decision tree of patient characteristics comprising chronic cardiovascular and chronic respiratory comorbidities as well as leukocyte counts in the respiratory secretion at enrolment. Specifically, we found that patients without cardiovascular or patients with respiratory comorbidities and high leukocyte counts in the respiratory secretion benefit from macrolide treatment. Patients identified to be treated in compliance with our treatment suggestion had a lower mortality of 27% (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.48–2.27; p<0.001) compared to the observed standard of care.ConclusionStratifying macrolide treatment in patients following a simple treatment rule may lead to considerably reduced mortality in CAP. A future randomised controlled trial confirming our result is necessary before implementing this rule into the clinical routine.
Latent tuberculosis screening and treatment among asylum seekers: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Spruijt Ineke , Tesfay Haile Dawit , Suurmond Jeanine , van den Hof Susan , Koenders Marga , Kouw Peter , van Noort Natascha , Toumanian Sophie , Cobelens Frank , Goosen Simone , Erkens Connie 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionEvidence on conditions for implementation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and treatment among asylum seekers is needed to inform tuberculosis (TB) control policies. We used mixed-methods to evaluate the implementation of an LTBI screening and treatment programme among asylum seekers in the Netherlands.MethodsWe offered voluntary LTBI screening to asylum seekers aged ≥12 years living in asylum seeker centres from countries with a TB incidence >200 per 10 000 population. We calculated LTBI screening and treatment cascade coverage, and assessed associated factors with Poisson regression using robust variance estimators. We interviewed TB care staff (seven group interviews) and Eritrean clients (21 group and 21 individual interviews) to identify programme enhancers and barriers.ResultsWe screened 719 (63% of 1136) clients for LTBI. LTBI was diagnosed among 178 (25%) clients; 149 (84%) initiated LTBI treatment, of whom 129 (87%) completed treatment. In-person TB and LTBI education, the use of professional interpreters, and collaboration with partner organisations were enhancers for LTBI screening uptake. Demand-driven LTBI treatment support by TB nurses enhanced treatment completion. Factors complicating LTBI screening and treatment were having to travel to public health services, language barriers and moving from asylum seeker centres to the community during treatment.ConclusionLTBI screening and treatment of asylum seekers is feasible and effective when high quality of care is provided, including culture-sensitive TB education throughout the care cascade. Additionally, collaboration with partner organisations, such as agencies responsible for reception and support of asylum seekers, should be in place.
Ground state solutions of Nehari–Pohožaev type for a kind of nonlinear problem with general nonlinearity and nonlocal convolution term
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Liao Fangfang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the following nonlinear problem with general nonlinearity and nonlocal convolution term:$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -\Delta u+V(x)u+(I_{\alpha }\ast \vert u \vert ^{q}) \vert u \vert ^{q-2}u=f(u), \quad x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{3}, \\ u\in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{3}), \quad \end{cases} $${−Δu+V(x)u+(Iα∗|u|q)|u|q−2u=f(u),x∈R3,u∈H1(R3),where$a\in (0,3)$a∈(0,3),$q\in [1+\frac{\alpha }{3},3+\alpha )$q∈[1+α3,3+α),$I_{\alpha }:\mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$Iα:R3→Ris the Riesz potential,$V\in \mathcal{C}(\mathbb{R}^{3},[0,\infty ))$V∈C(R3,[0,∞)),$f\in \mathcal{C}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$f∈C(R,R)and$F(t)=\int _{0}^{t}f(s)\,ds$F(t)=∫0tf(s)dssatisfies$\lim_{|t|\to \infty }F(t)/|t|^{\sigma }=\infty $lim|t|→∞F(t)/|t|σ=∞with$\sigma =\min \{2,\frac{2\beta +2}{\beta }\}$σ=min{2,2β+2β}where$\beta =\frac{ \alpha +2}{2(q-1)}$β=α+22(q−1). By using new analytic techniques and new inequalities, we prove the above system admits a ground state solution under mild assumptions onVandf.
Delayed Enucleation With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Advanced Intraocular Unilateral Retinoblastoma: AHOPCA II, a Prospective, Multi-Institutional Protocol in Central America
Authors: Luna-Fineman Sandra , Chantada Guillermo , Alejos Amanda , Amador Geraldina , Barnoya Margarita , Castellanos Mauricio E. , Fu Ligia , Fuentes-Alabi Soad , Girón Verónica , Goenz Marco Antonio , Maldonado Carlos , Méndez Gustavo , Morales Rosa Amelia , Ortiz Roberta , Sanchez Gissela , Wilson Matthew , Rodríguez-Galindo Carlos 
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE Treatment abandonment because of enucleation refusal is a limitation of improving outcomes for children with retinoblastoma in countries with limited resources. Furthermore, many children present with buphthalmos and a high risk of globe rupture during enucleation. To address these unique circumstances, the AHOPCA II protocol introduced neoadjuvant chemotherapy with delayed enucleation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced unilateral intraocular disease (International Retinoblastoma Staging System [IRSS] stage I) were considered for upfront enucleation. Those with diffuse invasion of the choroid, postlaminar optic nerve, and/or anterior chamber invasion received six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (vincristine, carboplatin, and etoposide). Patients with buphthalmos and those with a perceived risk for enucleation refusal and/or abandonment were given two to three cycles of chemotherapy before scheduled enucleation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy to complete six cycles, regardless of pathology. RESULTS A total of 161 patients had unilateral IRSS stage I disease; 102 underwent upfront enucleation, and 59 had delayed enucleation. The estimated 5-year abandonment-sensitive event-free and overall survival rates for the group were 0.81 ± 0.03 and 0.86 ± 0.03, respectively. The 5-year estimated abandonment-sensitive event-free survival rates for patients undergoing upfront and delayed enucleation were 0.89 ± 0.03 and 0.68 ± 0.06, respectively ( P = .001). Compared with AHOPCA I, abandonment for patients with IRSS stage I retinoblastoma decreased from 16% to 4%. CONCLUSION AHOPCA describes the results of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In eyes with buphthalmos and patients with risk of abandonment, neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be effective when followed by enucleation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Our study suggests that this approach can save patients with buphthalmos from ocular rupture and might reduce refusal of enucleation and abandonment.
The Association Between Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Lipids in Cord Blood
Authors: Spratlen Miranda J , Perera Frederica P , Lederman Sally Ann , Robinson Morgan , Kannan Kurunthachalam , Herbstman Julie , Trasande Leonardo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were among various persistent organic pollutants suspected to have been released during the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 9/11/2001. Evidence suggests that PFAS may have cardiometabolic effects, including alterations in lipid profiles. This study evaluated the association between cord blood PFAS and lipids in a population prenatally exposed to the WTC disaster.

Study Population
222 pregnant women in the Columbia University WTC birth cohort enrolled between December 13, 2001 and June 26, 2002 at hospitals located near the WTC site: Beth Israel, St. Vincent’s, and New York University Downtown.

Methods
We evaluated the association between 5 cord blood PFAS—perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecane sulfonate (PFDS)—and cord blood lipids (total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides).

Results
Median (interquartile range [IQR]) concentrations of PFAS were 6.32 (4.58–8.57), 2.46 (1.77–3.24), 0.38 (0.25–0.74), 0.66 (0.48–0.95) and 0.11 (0.09–0.16) ng/mL for PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, and PFDS, respectively. Median (IQR) for lipids were 59.0 (51.5–68.5) mg/dL for total cholesterol, 196.5 (170.5–221.2) mg/dL for total lipids and 33.1 (24.2–43.9) mg/dL for triglycerides. In fully adjusted models, several PFAS were associated with higher lipid levels, including evidence of a strong linear trend between triglycerides and both PFOA and PFHxS.

Conclusions
Findings support previous evidence of an association between PFAS exposure and altered lipid profiles and add novel information on this relationship in cord blood, as well as for an understudied PFAS, PFDS (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105: 43–54, 2020).
Ventilatory compensation during the incremental exercise test is inversely correlated with air trapping in COPD
Authors: Kuint Rottem , Berkman Neville , Nusair Samir 
Published: September 2019

Background: Air trapping and gas exchange abnormalities are major causes of exercise limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing, ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) and oxygen (VE/VO2) may be difficult to identify in COPD patients because of limited ventilatory compensation capacity. Therefore, we aimed to detect a possible correlation between the magnitude of ventilation augmentation, as manifested by increments in ventilatory equivalents from nadir to peak effort values and air trapping, detected with static testing. Methods: In this observational study, we studied data obtained previously from 20 COPD patients who, during routine follow-up, underwent a symptom-limited incremental exercise test and in whom a plethysmography was obtained concurrently. Air trapping at rest was assessed by measurement of the residual volume (RV) to total lung capacity (TLC) ratio (RV/TLC). Gas exchange data collected during the symptom-limited incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test allowed determination of the nadir and peak effort values of VE/VCO2 and VE/VO2, thus enabling calculation of the difference between peak effort value and nadir values of VE/VCO2 and VE/VO2, designated ΔVE/VCO2 and ΔVE/VO2, respectively. Results: We found a statistically significant inverse correlation between both ΔVE/VCO2 (r = -0. 5058, 95% CI -0.7750 to -0.08149, p = 0.0234) and ΔVE/VO2 (r = -0.5588, 95% CI -0.8029 to -0.1545, p = 0.0104) and the degree of air trapping (RV/TLC). There was no correlation between ΔVE/VCO2 and peak oxygen consumption, forced expiratory volume in the first second, or body mass index. Conclusions: The ventilatory equivalents increment to compensate for acidosis during incremental exercise testing was inversely correlated with air trapping (RV/TLC) and may be a candidate prognostic biomarker.
Effects of community-based health insurance on modern family planning utilization in Ethiopia
Authors: Kassie Girma , Tefera Bekele 
Published: September 2019

Background: Community-based health insurance (CBHI) has been established in a number of developing countries to expand access to modern health care service. However, few studies have focused on health care utilization of CBHI members in Ethiopia. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of CBHI on modern family planning (FP) utilization as part of its routine outcome monitoring activities. Methods: The USAID Transform: Primary Health Care project, conducted a continuous monitoring follow up visit using a multistage sampling technique in its four major targeted regions. A total of 3433 households were selected and 3313 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were interviewed. The questionnaire captured the CBHI status of each household and FP use data from randomly selected women. Microsoft Access database was used to enter the data, which was then transferred to SPSS Version 20 for further analysis. Results: 49% of women (aged 15-49 years) were found to be enrolled in CBHI scheme. Half of the women (50.2%) use any family planning method, of which 49% of them used modern family planning method in project-supported areas. Over half of women (57%) who are exposed to CBHI schemes utilized family planning method which is statistically significant Conclusions: Modern FP utilization among insured women was higher compared with uninsured women. While FP methods are provided for free, CBHI enrollment improves FP use among women of child-bearing age. Women who have access to CBHI may frequently visit health facilities seeking services for themselves and their families, during which they may be introduced to FP services. This in turn may improve their awareness and attitude towards FP. The results will increase awareness for program implementer's of the benefits of CBHI schemes in FP programming, particularly in rural settings, and provide an opportunity to increase lifelong returns in Ethiopia.
Metabolic profiling of adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Hartley April , Santos Ferreira Diana L. , Anderson Emma L. , Lawlor Debbie A. 
Published: September 2019

Background:Adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. The association between adolescent NAFLD and a wide range of metabolic biomarkers is unclear. We have attempted to determine the differences in metabolic profile of adolescents with and without markers of NAFLD.Methods:We performed cross-sectional analyses in a sample of 3,048 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children at age 17. We used three indicators of NAFLD: ALT >40 U/l; AST >40 U/l and ultrasound scan-assessed steatosis. Associations between each measure of NAFLD and 154 metabolic traits, assessed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, were analyzed by multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, sex and BMI.Results:All three indicators of NAFLD were associated with ~0.5 standard deviation (SD) greater concentrations of all extremely large to small very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) measures. ALT >40U/l was associated with ~0.5SD greater concentrations of very small VLDLs, intermediate-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins. Concentrations of most cholesterols, including remnant cholesterol, all triglycerides and monounsaturated fatty acids, in addition to glycoprotein acetyls (inflammatory marker), were also higher in participants with NAFLD.Conclusions:We have identified differing metabolic profiles between adolescents with and without indicators of NAFLD. These results provide the foundations for future research to determine whether these differences persist and result in adverse future cardiometabolic health.