bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic importance of CT ASPECTS and CT perfusion measures of infarction in anterior emergent large vessel occlusions
Authors: Raza Syed Ali , Barreira Clara M , Rodrigues Gabriel M , Frankel Michael R , Haussen Diogo C , Nogueira Raul G , Rangaraju Srikant 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundAge, neurologic deficits, core volume (CV), and clinical core or radiographic mismatch are considered in selection for endovascular therapy (ET) in anterior circulation emergent large vessel occlusion (aELVO). Semiquantitative CV estimation by Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (CT ASPECTS) and quantitative CV estimation by CT perfusion (CTP) are both used in selection paradigms.ObjectiveTo compare the prognostic value of CTP CV with CT ASPECTS in aELVO.MethodsPatients in an institutional endovascular registry who had aELVO, pre-ET National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, non-contrast CT head and CTP imaging, and prospectively collected 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score were included. Age- and NIHSS-adjusted models, including either CT ASPECTS or CTP volumes (relative cerebral blood flow <30% of normal tissue, total hypoperfusion, and radiographic mismatch), were compared using receiver operator characteristic analyses.ResultsWe included 508 patients with aELVO (60.8% M1 middle cerebral artery, 34% internal carotid artery, mean age 64.1±15.3 years, median baseline NIHSS score 16 (12–20), median baseline CT ASPECTS 8 (7–9), mean CV 16.7±24.8 mL). Age, pre-ET NIHSS, CT ASPECTS, CV, hypoperfusion, and perfusion imaging mismatch volumes were predictors of good outcome (mRS score 0–2). There were no differences in prognostic accuracies between reference (age, baseline NIHSS, CT ASPECTS; area under the curve (AUC)=0.76) and additional models incorporating combinations of age, NIHSS, and CTP metrics including CV, total hypoperfusion or mismatch volume (AUCs 0.72–0.75). Predicted outcomes from CT ASPECTS or CTP CV-based models had excellent agreement (R2=0.84, p<0.001).ConclusionsIncorporating CTP measures of core or penumbral volume, instead of CT ASPECTS, did not improve prognostication of 3-month outcomes, suggesting prognostic equivalence of CT ASPECTS and CTP CV.
Conceptual uncertainties in modelling the interaction between engineered and natural barriers of nuclear waste repositories in crystalline rocks
Authors: Finsterle S. , Lanyon B. , Åkesson M. , Baxter S. , Bergström M. , Bockgård N. , Dershowitz W. , Dessirier B. , Frampton A. , Fransson Å. , Gens A. , Gylling B. , Hančilová I. , Holton D. , Jarsjö J. , Kim J.-S. , Kröhn K.-P. , Malmberg D. , Pulkkanen V. M. , Sawada A. , Sjöland A. , Svensson U. , Vidstrand P. , Viswanathan H. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Nuclear waste disposal in geological formations relies on a multi-barrier concept that includes engineered components – which, in many cases, include a bentonite buffer surrounding waste packages – and the host rock. Contrasts in materials, together with gradients across the interface between the engineered and natural barriers, lead to complex interactions between these two subsystems. Numerical modelling, combined with monitoring and testing data, can be used to improve our overall understanding of rock–bentonite interactions and to predict the performance of this coupled system. Although established methods exist to examine the prediction uncertainties due to uncertainties in the input parameters, the impact of conceptual model decisions on the quantitative and qualitative modelling results is more difficult to assess. A Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company Task Force project facilitated such an assessment. In this project, 11 teams used different conceptualizations and modelling tools to analyse the Bentonite Rock Interaction Experiment (BRIE) conducted at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden. The exercise showed that prior system understanding along with the features implemented in the available simulators affect the processes included in the conceptual model. For some of these features, sufficient characterization data are available to obtain defensible results and interpretations, whereas others are less supported. The exercise also helped to identify the conceptual uncertainties that led to different assessments of the relative importance of the engineered and natural barrier subsystems. The range of predicted bentonite wetting times encompassed by the ensemble results were considerably larger than the ranges derived from individual models. This is a consequence of conceptual uncertainties, demonstrating the relevance of using a multi-model approach involving alternative conceptualizations.
Modelling the Prototype Repository
Authors: Tsitsopoulos V. , Baxter S. , Holton D. , Dodd J. , Williams S. , Thompson S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Prototype Repository (PR) tunnel is located at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory near Oskarshamn in the southeast of Sweden. In the PR tunnel, six full-sized deposition holes (8.37 m deep and 1.75 m in diameter) have been constructed. Each deposition hole is designed to mimic the Swedish reference system for the disposal of nuclear fuel, KBS-3V. The PR experiment is designed to provide a full-scale simulation of the emplacement of heat-generating waste. There are three phases to the experiment: (1) the open tunnel phase following construction, where both the tunnel and deposition holes are open to atmospheric conditions; (2) the emplacement of canisters (containing heaters), backfill and seal in the first section of the tunnel; and (3) the emplacement of canisters, backfill and seal in the second section of the tunnel. This work describes the numerical modelling, performed as part of the engineered barrier systems (EBS) Task Force, to understand the thermo-hydraulic (TH) evolution of the PR experiment and to provide a better understanding of the interaction between the fractured rock and bentonite surrounding the canister at the scale of a single deposition tunnel. A coupled integrated TH model for predicting the wetting and the temperature of bentonite emplaced in fractured rock was developed, accounting for the heterogeneity of the fractured rock. In this model, geometrical uncertainties of fracture locations are modelled by using several stochastic realizations of the fracture network. The modelling methodology utilized information available at early stages of site characterization and included site statistics for fracture occurrence and properties, as well as proposed installation properties of the bentonite. The adopted approach provides an evaluation of the predictive capability of models, it gives an insight of the uncertainties to data and demonstrates that a simplified equivalent homogeneous description of the fractured host rock is insufficient to represent the bentonite resaturation.
Dynamic cerebral autoregulation measurement using rapid changes in head positioning: experiences in acute ischemic stroke and healthy control populations
Authors: Lam Man Y. , Haunton Victoria J. , Robinson Thompson G. , Panerai Ronney B. 
Published: December 2018

The ideal technique for dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) assessment in critically ill patients should provide considerable variability in blood pressure (BP) but without the need for patient cooperation. We proposed using rapid head positioning (RHP) over spontaneous BP fluctuations for dCA assessment in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Cerebral blood velocity (transcranial Doppler), beat-to-beat BP (Finometer), and end-tidal CO2 (capnography) were recorded during 5-min baseline and RHP in 16 controls (8 women and 8 men, mean age: 57 ± 16 yr) and 15 patients with AIS (7 women and 8 men, mean age: 69 ± 8 yr) at two (12 ± 8 days) and three visits (13.3 ± 6.9 h, 4.8 ± 3.2 days, and 93.9 ± 11.5 days from the symptom onset), respectively. All participants were able to complete the RHP protocol without difficulty. Compared with controls, patients with AIS were hypocapnic (all visits, P < 0.0024) and hypertensive ( visit 1, P = 0.011), although BP gradually reduced after the acute phase. RHP demonstrated greater beat-to-beat BP variability (BPV) in controls ( visits 1 and 2, P < 0.001) but not in patients with AIS at any visit. Compared with controls, a reduced autoregulation index (ARI) was demonstrated in patients with AIS, at visit 2 for the baseline recording but not at other visits or during RHP. The area under the receiver-operating curve was 0.53 and 0.54 for baseline and RHP, respectively. The RHP paradigm required minimal patient cooperation and could be considered a feasible alternative for assessing dCA, mainly in conditions leading to increased BPV. The lack of BPV increase in AIS with RHP deserves further investigation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study used rapid head positioning (RHP) to enhance blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) to improve BP signal-to-noise ratio and reliability of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA). RHP was well accepted by controls and acute ischemic stroke (AIS); the increased BPV induced in controls was not observed in AIS, suggesting BPV at rest was already elevated. RHP did not improve detection of impaired CA in AIS; further work is needed to understand the different responses observed.
Trends in Colon and Rectal Cancer Incidence in Australia from 1982 to 2014: Analysis of Data on Over 375,000 Cases
Authors: Feletto Eleonora , Yu Xue Qin , Lew Jie-Bin , St John D. James B. , Jenkins Mark A. , Macrae Finlay A. , Mahady Suzanne E. , Canfell Karen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background:
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia. Emerging evidence from several countries suggests increasing incidence in people aged &lt;50 years.

Methods:
We assessed colon and rectal cancer incidence trends in people aged 20+ in Australia from 1982 to 2014. We used data on 375,008 incident cases (248,162 colon and 126,846 rectal). We quantified the annual percentage change (APC) in rates by age group using Joinpoint regression.

Results:
For people aged &lt;50 years, colon cancer rates increased from the mid-2000s, with the increase in APCs ranging from 1.7% to 9.3% per annum (depending on specific age group); rectal cancer rates increased from the early 1990s, with APCs ranging from 0.9% to 7.1% per annum. For people aged 50 to 69 years, colon and rectal cancer rates decreased from the mid-1990s, with the decrease in APCs in specific age groups ranging from 0.8% to 4.8% per annum (except for colon cancer in those ages 65 to 69 years, where similar rate decreases were observed from 2007). An overall reduction in older persons (&gt;70 years) was estimated at 1.9% to 4.9% per annum for colon cancer from 2010 onward and 1.1% to 1.8% per annum in rectal cancer from the early 2000s onward.

Conclusions:
Colon and rectal cancer incidence has increased in people aged &lt;50 years in Australia over the last two decades. However, colon and rectal cancer rates decreased in people aged 50+, likely due to de facto and organized bowel cancer screening.

Impact:
Further research is needed to examine the cause of the increase and to quantify the impact of future trends on the cost-effectiveness of population-based screening for those &lt;50 years.
The Senescence-associated Secretory Phenotype Mediates Oncogene-induced Senescence in Pediatric Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Authors: Buhl Juliane L. , Selt Florian , Hielscher Thomas , Guiho Romain , Ecker Jonas , Sahm Felix , Ridinger Johannes , Riehl Dennis , Usta Diren , Ismer Britta , Sommerkamp Alexander C. , Martinez-Barbera J.P. , Wefers Annika K. , Remke Marc , Picard Daniel , Pusch Stefan , Gronych Jan , Oehme Ina , van Tilburg Cornelis M. , Kool Marcel , Kuhn Daniela , Capper David , von Deimling Andreas , Schuhmann Martin U. , Herold-Mende Christel , Korshunov Andrey , Brummer Tilman , Pfister Stefan M. , Jones David T.W. , Witt Olaf , Milde Till 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common childhood brain tumor, characterized by constitutive MAPK activation. MAPK signaling induces oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), which may cause unpredictable growth behavior of pilocytic astrocytomas. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been shown to regulate OIS, but its role in pilocytic astrocytoma remains unknown.
Experimental Design: The patient-derived pilocytic astrocytoma cell culture model, DKFZ-BT66, was used to demonstrate presence of the SASP and analyze its impact on OIS in pilocytic astrocytoma. The model allows for doxycycline-inducible switching between proliferation and OIS. Both states were studied using gene expression profiling (GEP), Western blot, ELISA, and cell viability testing. Primary pilocytic astrocytoma tumors were analyzed by GEP and multiplex assay.

Results:
SASP factors were upregulated in primary human and murine pilocytic astrocytoma and during OIS in DKFZ-BT66 cells. Conditioned medium induced growth arrest of proliferating pilocytic astrocytoma cells. The SASP factors IL1B and IL6 were upregulated in primary pilocytic astrocytoma, and both pathways were regulated during OIS in DKFZ-BT66. Stimulation with rIL1B but not rIL6 reduced growth of DKFZ-BT66 cells and induced the SASP. Anti-inflammatory treatment with dexamethasone induced regrowth of senescent cells and inhibited the SASP. Senescent DKFZ-BT66 cells responded to senolytic BCL2 inhibitors. High IL1B and SASP expression in pilocytic astrocytoma tumors was associated with favorable progression-free survival.

Conclusions:
We provide evidence for the SASP regulating OIS in pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma, with IL1B as a relevant mediator. SASP expression could enable prediction of progression in patients with pilocytic astrocytoma. Further investigation of the SASP driving the unpredictable growth of pilocytic astrocytomas, and its possible therapeutic application, is warranted.
High‐Sensitivity Troponin I in Hospitalized and Ambulatory Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights From the Heart Failure Clinical Research Network
Authors: Fudim Marat , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Sun Jie‐Lena , Anstrom Kevin J. , Bart Bradley A. , Butler Javed , AbouEzzeddine Omar , Greene Stephen J. , Mentz Robert J. , Redfield Margaret M. , Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Braunwald Eugene , Hernandez Adrian F. , Borlaug Barry A. , Felker G. Michael 
Published: December 2018

Background

We sought to study the prevalence of high‐sensitivity troponin and its association with cardiac structure and outcomes in ambulatory and hospitalized patients with heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (
HF
p
EF
).

Methods and Results

A post hoc analysis utilized data from
HF
p
EF
patients:
DOSE
(Diuretic Optimization Strategies Evaluation) and
CARRESS
‐
HF
(Cardiorenal Rescue Study in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure) enrolled patients hospitalized with acute
HF
p
EF
, and
RELAX
(Phosphodiesterase‐5 Inhibition to Improve Clinical Status and Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction) enrolled ambulatory patients with
HF
p
EF
. High‐sensitivity troponin I (hs‐TnI) was measured in hospitalized patients at baseline, at 72 to 96 hours, on day 7, and on day 60. In ambulatory patients hs‐TnI was measured at baseline and at week 24. In the ambulatory cohort, correlations between hs‐TnI and cardiac structure and function were assessed. The association between hs‐TnI and a 60‐day composite of emergency room visits, readmissions, and death was assessed for hospitalized patients using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. The study population included 139 hospitalized and 212 ambulatory patients with
HF
p
EF
and hs‐TnI measured at baseline. The median (25th, 75th percentiles) baseline troponin was 17.6 (11.1, 41.0) ng/L in hospitalized patients and 9.5 (5.3, 19.7) ng/L in ambulatory patients (
P
<0.001). The prevalence of elevated hs‐TnI (>99% percentile upper reference limit was 86% in hospitalized patients and 53% among ambulatory patients, with stable elevation in ambulatory patients during follow‐up.
HF
p
EF
patients with a hs‐TnI above the median were older with worse left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Continuously valued hs‐TnI (per doubling) was associated with increased risk of composite end point (adjusted hazard ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.00‐1.43;
P
=0.042).

Conclusions

Hs‐TnI is commonly elevated among both hospitalized and ambulatory patients with
HF
p
EF
. Increased hs‐TnI levels are associated with worse cardiac structure and increased risk of adverse events.
Sexual and Religious Regimes of the Self in Dutch Discourses about Homosexuality: A Queer Theological Analysis and Alternative
Authors: Derks Marco 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article discusses two major ways in which sexual and religious identities are conceptualized in Dutch public discourses about homosexuality. In a secular discourse that stresses that LGBTs should be able to ‘be themselves’, certain religious identities are often ignored, subordinated or attacked, while the self that needs to be realized is rendered primarily a sexual self. A conservative Protestant (counter-)discourse on ‘being in Christ’ subordinates (homo)sexual identity to Christian identity—or even rejects it. To move beyond such (Late) Modern oppositional constructions of religion and homosexuality in terms of (religious/sexual) “identity”, this article explores the (queer) Catholic concept of sacramental characters—as an anti-identity—and suggests that it has the potential to unsettle some of the deadlocks in public discourses about homosexuality and sexual diversity.
A Corporate Understanding of Biblical Salvation and Its Application to Climate Change Mitigation Measures
Authors: Choi Sungho 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article deals with a theological approach to the issue of climate change and examines some of the misconceptions found within Christianity with regards the environment. These distortions of understanding can be traced back to the way in which salvation is articulated and perceived. In the circumstances it becomes a pressing public task to consider the key biblical conceptions of salvation. Of critical significance is how the salvific tradition is understood to be corporate rather than individualistic. That is so right from the beginning of Israel’s redemptive history and carries through the biblical material to include God’s redemptive work in Christ which is itself extended through to the rest of creation. The current mitigation measures (and their limitations) with regards to climate change are critically evaluated alongside these salvific claims.
Angry Preaching: A Grounded Theory Analysis from South Africa
Authors: Wepener Cas , Pieterse Hendrik J.C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Expressions of anger can be observed all over South Africa and by individuals and groups from different social, economic and racial backgrounds. In this article the argument is advanced that such expressions of anger can be expressions of love and signs of hope showing that people still care. Therefore, anger should not be avoided, but instead be embraced and channelled for positive ends. This article furthermore develops an argument in favour of the celebration of angry liturgies and the preaching of angry sermons as an integral part of the on-going road towards reconciliation and healing after apartheid in general and in particular it reflects on sermons preached in Afrikaans Reformed churches in South Africa on the theme of anger between 2010 and 2015. By means of content analysis, and specifically Grounded Theory, the collected sermons were analysed and a homiletical theory for praxis regarding angry preaching developed. In conclusion the theory for praxis is presented as homiletical route markers for angry preaching as one way of liturgically embracing and meaningfully channelling anger.
Methodological Intercomparisons of Station-Based Gridded Meteorological Products: Utility, Limitations, and Paths Forward
Authors: Newman Andrew J. , Clark Martyn P. , Longman Ryan J. , Giambelluca Thomas W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study presents a gridded meteorology intercomparison using the State of Hawaii as a testbed. This is motivated by the goal to provide the broad user community with knowledge of interproduct differences and the reasons differences exist. More generally, the challenge of generating station-based gridded meteorological surfaces and the difficulties in attributing interproduct differences to specific methodological decisions are demonstrated. Hawaii is a useful testbed because it is traditionally underserved, yet meteorologically interesting and complex. In addition, several climatological and daily gridded meteorology datasets are now available, which are used extensively by the applications modeling community, thus an intercomparison enhances Hawaiian specific capabilities. We compare PRISM climatology and three daily datasets: new datasets from the University of Hawai‘i and the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and Daymet version 3 for precipitation and temperature variables only. General conclusions that have emerged are 1) differences in input station data significantly influence the product differences, 2) explicit prediction of precipitation occurrence is crucial across multiple metrics, and 3) attribution of differences to specific methodological choices is difficult and limits the usefulness of intercomparisons. Because generating gridded meteorological fields is an elaborate process with many methodological choices interacting in complex ways, future work should 1) develop modular frameworks that allows users to easily examine the breadth of methodological choices, 2) collate available nontraditional high-quality observational datasets for true out-of-sample validation and make them publicly available, and 3) define benchmarks of acceptable performance for methodological components and products.
Questioni di teoria linguistica: Per un paradigma teorico della creatività semiotica
Authors: Casini Simone 
Published: December 2018

Il contributo delinea il paradigma teorico della creatività intesa, da una prospettiva semiotica e di linguistica teorica, come il quadro di riferimento formale per la variazione e il cambiamento linguistico sia nei processi di generale interazione che, su piani quantitativamente maggiori, nei fenomeni in cui lingue e identità in contatto interagiscono per negoziare il senso comunicativo. Il percorso propone una analisi della creatività che spazia dagli ambiti della Filosofia antica sino alla riflessione linguistica contemporanea che si è avuta nel Novecento tra le due sponde dell’Oceano e individua nella dimensione dell’uso e della condivisione sociale tra i parlanti il principio primo capace di guidare le forme di creatività linguistica potenzialmente illimitate verso un fine che è identitario e comunicativo, al di là e molto oltre rispetto ai modelli di regolarità e norma (in senso prescrittivo) grammaticale. Interpretare secondo questo modello il paradigma della creatività significa porre la proprietà semiotica in una posizione di prima inter pares, in cui le viene affidato non solo il “ruolo” di formatore di segni (parole, frasi, testi), ma la funzione di primaria arbitrarietà, causa ed effetto della discretizzazione delle lingue storico-naturali.