bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure from motion photogrammetry in ecology: Does the choice of software matter?
Authors: Forsmoo Joel , Anderson Karen , Macleod Christopher J. A. , Wilkinson Mark E. , DeBell Leon , Brazier Richard E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImage‐based modeling, and more precisely, Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi‐View Stereo (MVS), is emerging as a flexible, self‐service, remote sensing tool for generating fine‐grained digital surface models (DSMs) in the Earth sciences and ecology. However, drone‐based SfM + MVS applications have developed at a rapid pace over the past decade and there are now many software options available for data processing. Consequently, understanding of reproducibility issues caused by variations in software choice and their influence on data quality is relatively poorly understood. This understanding is crucial for the development of SfM + MVS if it is to fulfill a role as a new quantitative remote sensing tool to inform management frameworks and species conservation schemes. To address this knowledge gap, a lightweight multirotor drone carrying a Ricoh GR II consumer‐grade camera was used to capture replicate, centimeter‐resolution image datasets of a temperate, intensively managed grassland ecosystem. These data allowed the exploration of method reproducibility and the impact of SfM + MVS software choice on derived vegetation canopy height measurement accuracy. The quality of DSM height measurements derived from four different, yet widely used SfM‐MVS software—Photoscan, Pix4D, 3DFlow Zephyr, and MICMAC, was compared with in situ data captured on the same day as image capture. We used both traditional agronomic techniques for measuring sward height, and a high accuracy and precision differential GPS survey to generate independent measurements of the underlying ground surface elevation. Using the same replicate image dataset (n = 3) as input, we demonstrate that there are 1.7, 2.0, and 2.5 cm differences in RMSE (excluding one outlier) between the outputs from different SfM + MVS software using High, Medium, and Low quality settings, respectively. Furthermore, we show that there can be a significant difference, although of small overall magnitude between replicate image datasets (n = 3) processed using the same SfM + MVS software, following the same workflow, with a variance in RMSE of up to 1.3, 1.5, and 2.7 cm (excluding one outlier) for “High,” “Medium,” and “Low” quality settings, respectively. We conclude that SfM + MVS software choice does matter, although the differences between products processed using “High” and “Medium” quality settings are of small overall magnitude.
Metropolitan lizards? Urbanization gradient and the density of lagartixas (Tropidurus hispidus) in a tropical city
Authors: de Andrade Antonio C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUrbanization, with its cohort of environmental stressors, has a dramatic effect on wildlife, causing loss of biodiversity and decline in population abundance customarily associated with increasing levels of impervious surface and fragmentation of native habitats. Some studies suggest that faunal species from open habitats, and with higher abundance in natural environments, seem more likely to tolerate and live in urban environments. Here I evaluate how the level of urbanization affects lagartixas (Tropidurus hispidus) one of the most common lizards found in open vegetation ecosystems in NE Brazil. I surveyed a total of 47 transects across sites that differed in proportion of impervious surface (high, mild, peri‐urban, and rural). I also collected specific biotic (herbaceous cover, tree, and arthropod abundance) and abiotic (amount of shelters and impervious surfaces) factors that could affect lagartixas abundance. Ants were the most common arthropod both in the rural and urban environment. Lagartixas thrive in urban environments, and trees and shelter were key predictors of their abundance. Lagartixas show a clear association with use of artificial structures. The low densities of lagartixas in rural areas and higher density in urbanized areas suggest that they colonized urban areas due to the hard surfaces and they probably are not exploiting a novel habitat, but somewhat responding to conditions resembling those in which they evolved. Finally, lagartixas are extremely common in tropical cities, they have a suite of features that are associated with selective pressures in cities and they might play a key functional role in urban ecosystems making this lizard an excellent system for the study of ecology and adaptation to the urban environments.
The complete mitochondrial genomes of two vent squat lobsters, Munidopsis lauensis and M. verrilli: Novel gene arrangements and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Sun Shao'e , Sha Zhongli , Wang Yanrong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHydrothermal vents are considered as one of the most extremely harsh environments on the Earth. In this study, the complete mitogenomes of hydrothermal vent squat lobsters, Munidopsis lauensis and M. verrilli, were determined through Illumina sequencing and compared with other available mitogenomes of anomurans. The mitogenomes of M. lauensis (17,483 bp) and M. verrilli (17,636 bp) are the largest among all Anomura mitogenomes, while the A+T contents of M. lauensis (62.40%) and M. verrilli (63.99%) are the lowest. The mitogenomes of M. lauensis and M. verrilli display novel gene arrangements, which might be the result of three tandem duplication–random loss (tdrl) events from the ancestral pancrustacean pattern. The mitochondrial gene orders of M. lauensis and M. verrilli shared the most similarities with S. crosnieri. The phylogenetic analyses based on both gene order data and nucleotide sequences (PCGs and rRNAs) revealed that the two species were closely related to Shinkaia crosnieri. Positive selection analysis revealed that eighteen residues in seven genes (atp8, Cytb, nad3, nad4, nad4l, nad5, and nad6) of the hydrothermal vent anomurans were positively selected sites.
Diet variability among insular populations of Podarcis lizards reveals diverse strategies to face resource‐limited environments
Authors: Taverne Maxime , Fabre Anne‐Claire , King‐Gillies Nina , Krajnović Maria , Lisičić Duje , Martin Louise , Michal Leslie , Petricioli Donat , Štambuk Anamaria , Tadić Zoran , Vigliotti Chloé , Wehrle Beck A. , Herrel Anthony 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccess to resources is a dynamic and multicausal process that determines the success and survival of a population. It is therefore often challenging to disentangle the factors affecting ecological traits like diet. Insular habitats provide a good opportunity to study how variation in diet originates, in particular in populations of mesopredators such as lizards. Indeed, high levels of population density associated with low food abundance and low predation are selection pressures typically observed on islands. In the present study, the diet of eighteen insular populations of two closely related species of lacertid lizards (Podarcis sicula and Podarcis melisellensis) was assessed. Our results reveal that despite dietary variability among populations, diet taxonomic diversity is not impacted by island area. In contrast, however, diet disparity metrics, based on the variability in the physical (hardness) and behavioral (evasiveness) properties of ingested food items, are correlated with island size. These findings suggest that an increase in intraspecific competition for access to resources may induce shifts in functional components of the diet. Additionally, the two species differed in the relation between diet disparity and island area suggesting that different strategies exist to deal with low food abundance in these two species. Finally, sexual dimorphism in diet and head dimensions is not greater on smaller islands, in contrast to our predictions.
Combined pulsed and thermal radiofrequency versus thermal radiofrequency alone in the treatment of recurrent trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression: A double blinded comparative study
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Khaled A. , Elawamy Abdelraheem M. , Mostafa Mohamed F. , Hasan Waleed S. , Herdan Ragaa , Osman Nagwa M. , Ibrahim Abdelrady S. , Aly Mohamed G. , Ali Abdelhady S. , Abodahab Gamal M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent trigeminal neuralgia (RTN) is a common clinical problem and pain recurs in many patients after microvascular decompression (MVD). We evaluated the effect of adding pulsed radiofrequency to radiofrequency thermocoagulation at 60°C compared to radiofrequency thermocoagulation at 70°C alone in the treatment of recurrent trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression.Methods40 patients with recurrent trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A: received prolonged duration of pulsed radiofrequency followed by less destructive thermocoagulation, while group B: received sole thermocoagulation. Then patients followed up for 2 years to evaluate the success rate by the Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Intensity (BNI) Scale, complications, and the need to medical treatment.ResultsThe success rate was 100% in both groups at discharge (BNI < III). It was 83.3% and 78.7% after 6 months, 77.8% and 68.4% after 12 month, 72.2% and 68.4% after 18 months and 66.7% and 63.1% after 24 months in group A and B, respectively (p > .05). In group A 88.9% of patients stopped tegretol treatment after the procedure compared to 84.2% in group B (p = .32). 88.9% compared to 89.5% % in group A and B, respectively, did not use tricyclic antidepressant (p = .61). The overall complications in group A was 5.61%, while it was 36.8% in group B (p = .025).ConclusionCombined pulsed and thermal radiofrequency can significantly reduce the incidence of the side effects/complications with similar success rate than using thermal radiofrequency alone in treatment of recurrent trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression.
Mobile ground‐based SMART radar observations and wind retrievals during the landfall of Hurricane Harvey (2017)
Authors: Alford A. Addison , Biggerstaff Michael I. , Carrie Gordon D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article describes a unique ground‐based weather radar dataset collected during the landfall of Hurricane Harvey (2017) along the United States Gulf Coast, documents the wind retrievals conducted with this dataset, and reports on the location of the archive of the data and wind retrievals so that others may gain access and use of these data. Datasets from C‐band dual‐polarimetric Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching (SMART) radar and the United States National Weather Service WSR‐88D in Corpus Christi, Texas, are presented, along with dual‐Doppler analyses before and during Harvey's landfall on the United States Gulf Coast. The quality assurance and dual‐Doppler wind synthesis procedures are detailed. Nearly 8 hr of dual‐Doppler wind analyses were constructed, providing an unprecedented dataset for use in understanding hurricane dynamics at landfall and validating numerical simulations of Hurricane Harvey. In addition, raw, dual‐polarization data not used in the dual‐Doppler syntheses, but included in each radar dataset, are also summarized.
Generalizability of machine learning for classification of schizophrenia based on resting‐state functional MRI data
Authors: Cai Xin‐Lu , Xie Dong‐Jie , Madsen Kristoffer H. , Wang Yong‐Ming , Bögemann Sophie Alida , Cheung Eric F. C. , Møller Arne , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMachine learning has increasingly been applied to classification of schizophrenia in neuroimaging research. However, direct replication studies and studies seeking to investigate generalizability are scarce. To address these issues, we assessed within‐site and between‐site generalizability of a machine learning classification framework which achieved excellent performance in a previous study using two independent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data sets collected from different sites and scanners. We established within‐site generalizability of the classification framework in the main data set using cross‐validation. Then, we trained a model in the main data set and investigated between‐site generalization in the validated data set using external validation. Finally, recognizing the poor between‐site generalization performance, we updated the unsupervised algorithm to investigate if transfer learning using additional unlabeled data were able to improve between‐site classification performance. Cross‐validation showed that the published classification procedure achieved an accuracy of 0.73 using majority voting across all selected components. External validation found a classification accuracy of 0.55 (not significant) and 0.70 (significant) using the direct and transfer learning procedures, respectively. The failure of direct generalization from one site to another demonstrates the limitation of within‐site cross‐validation and points toward the need to incorporate efforts to facilitate application of machine learning across multiple data sets. The improvement in performance with transfer learning highlights the importance of taking into account the properties of data when constructing predictive models across samples and sites. Our findings suggest that machine learning classification result based on a single study should be interpreted cautiously.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Current landscape and future directions
Authors: Kao Hsiang‐Fong , Lou Pei‐Jen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can reinvigorate T cells and activate the immune system to eliminate cancer cells. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignancy with a poor prognosis. The roles of ICIs for HNSCC treatments are emerging.MethodWe reviewed the study results of Programmed‐Death 1 (PD‐1) and PD‐ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) monoclonal antibodies for HNSCC. The ongoing trials of anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐PD‐L1 were also reviewed.ResultsNivolumab showed a significant overall survival benefit in platinum‐refractory HNSCC patients. For platinum‐sensitive or first‐line patients, pembrolizumab monotherapy (patients with PD‐L1 Combined Positive Score ≥ 20) or pembrolizumab‐platinum‐fluorouracil improved overall survival vs the EXTREME (cetuximab‐platinum‐fluorouracil). Many HNSCC studies have combined anti‐PD1/PD‐L1 therapy with various anticancer agents or radiotherapy to improve treatment efficacy.ConclusionICIs demonstrate their efficacies for R/M HNSCC patients. The incorporation of ICIs showed a great impact on the treatment landscape of HNSCC.
PREgnancy Nutrition: A protocol for the development of a Core Outcome Set (PRENCOS)
Authors: Killeen Sarah Louise , O'Brien Eileen C. , Jacob Chandni Maria , O'Reilly Sharleen L. , Hanson Mark , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a Core Outcome Set (COS) for pregnancy nutrition research that is relevant to varied stakeholders and resource settings.MethodsThis study has three distinct phases. The first phase involves generating a list of outcomes for consideration for the COS. This includes a systematic review of studies evaluating nutrition during pregnancy where all outcomes reported in relevant literature will be extracted. Qualitative interviews with currently or previously pregnant women will also be conducted. This step will supplement the findings of the systematic review by identifying additional outcomes of importance to this stakeholder group. In the second phase of the study, healthcare professionals, researchers, and mothers from various international resource settings will be invited to participate in a two‐round modified Delphi survey. The aim of the survey is to gain consensus on which outcomes are most important to include in the COS. Finally, a face–face consensus meeting will be held with a select group of participants to finalize the COS.ConclusionThis COS will support standardization of outcome reporting in pregnancy nutrition research and ensure that selected outcomes are considered important by a variety of stakeholders. This will enhance the evidence behind nutrition interventions in pregnancy to improve outcomes for pregnant women.
2019 Update to the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacotherapy Didactic Curriculum Toolkit
Authors: Flannery Alexander H. , Soric Mate M. , Benavides Sandra , Bobbitt Laura J. , Chan Alexandre , Crannage Andrew J. , Flores Emily K. , Gibson Caitlin M. , Gurgle Holly E. , Kolanczyk Denise M. , Merlo Jessica R. , Schwinghammer Terry L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Pharmacotherapy Didactic Curriculum Toolkit was created by the 2008 ACCP Educational Affairs Committee to provide guidance to schools and colleges of pharmacy for didactic pharmacotherapy curricular development. The toolkit was revised and updated by the 2016 ACCP Educational Affairs Committee.ObjectivesIn accordance with the ACCP Board of Regents decision to update the toolkit every 3 years, the 2019 ACCP Publications Committee was charged with updating the 2016 toolkit to guide adequate disease state inclusion and depth of pharmacotherapy coverage in pharmacy curricula.MethodsThe committee retained the competency‐based tier definitions and organization of the 2016 toolkit. Multiple literature resources were reviewed to assess medical conditions responsive to drug therapy for inclusion in the 2019 toolkit. The committee also reviewed the tier designation for all toolkit entries for appropriateness, given recent advances in medical care and evolving patient care responsibilities of clinical pharmacists. Updates to the toolkit were made by consensus with electronic voting when required.ResultsThe 2019 toolkit contains 302 topics, including 94 (31%) tier 1, 133 (44%) tier 2, and 75 (25%) tier 3 entries. There are 26 additional topics in the updated toolkit, including 12 new tier 1 topics that are generally treated with nonprescription medications. Eleven new topics were added to tier 2, and 20 topics were added to tier 3 (including 11 topics in the Oncologic Disorders section). The tier classification of some conditions was changed to reflect current pharmacy practice expectations.ConclusionAs with the 2016 toolkit, the large number of tier 1 topics will require schools and colleges to employ creative teaching strategies to achieve practice competence in all graduates. The large number of tier 2 topics highlights the importance of postgraduate training and experience for pharmacy graduates desiring to provide direct patient care.
Evaluation of regional climate model simulated rainfall over Indonesia and its application for downscaling future climate projections
Authors: Chandrasa Ganesha T. , Montenegro Alvaro 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe need for good quality information on climate and its future changes has become increasingly important for society. Of particular interest are analysis and predictions of rainfall at pertinent spatial scales. An option is the use of regional climate models (RCMs) as a physics‐based downscaling tool to retrieve higher spatial resolution information from coarser present and future climate datasets. In order to verify if simulations provide added values that result in an appropriate representation of the state of climate at finer spatial resolutions, the adoption of RCMs requires prior optimization. The performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model RCM in simulating precipitation over Indonesia is examined by a series of sensitivity experiments using different parameterized convective physics. Among four tested schemes, the best performance is provided by the Betts‐Miller‐Janjic (BMJ) parameterization. RCM multiannual seasonal rainfall bias outperforms or matches the reanalysis. Modeled results provide added value in simulating rainfall‐related climate indices but show low skill in recreating the annual rainfall pattern at monthly resolution. RCM precipitation exhibits complex spatial response to different ENSO phases, with El Niño conditions resulting in a general loss of model skill during the southern hemisphere spring. A series of regional climate simulations using the BMJ convective scheme forced by a future climate projection dataset show changes in rainfall aligned with previous studies.
The southern Amazon rainy season: The role of deforestation and its interactions with large‐scale mechanisms
Authors: Leite‐Filho Argemiro T. , Costa Marcos H. , Fu Rong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPast studies presented evidence that deforestation may affect the precipitation seasonality in southern Amazon. This study uses daily rainfall data from Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission 3B42 product and a recent yearly 1‐km land use dataset to evaluate the quantitative effects of deforestation on the onset, demise and length of the rainy season in southern Amazon for a period of 15 years (1998–2012). Additionally, we use the Niño4 index, zonal wind data and deforestation data to explain and predict the interannual variability of the onset of the rainy season. During this period, onset has delayed ~0.38 ± 0.05 days per year (5.7 ± 0.75 days in 15 years), demise has advanced 1.34 ± 0.76 days per year (20 ± 11.4 days in 15 years) and the rainy season has shortened by 1.81 ± 0.97 days per year (27 ± 14.5 days in 15 years). Onset, demise and length also present meridional and zonal gradients linked to large‐scale climate mechanisms. After removing the effects related to geographical position and year, we verified a relationship between onset, demise and length and deforestation: Onset delays ~0.4 ± 0.12 day, demise advances ~1.0 ± 0.22 day and length decreases ~0.9 ± 0.34 day per each 10% deforestation increase relative to existing forested area. We also present empirical evidence of the interaction between large‐scale and local‐scale processes, with interannual variation of the onset in the region explained by Niño4 sea surface temperature anomalies, Southern Hemisphere subtropical jet position, deforestation and their interactions (r2 = 69%, p < .001, mean absolute error = 2.7 days).
Experimental periodontitis in Msx2 mutant mice induces alveolar bone necrosis
Authors: Korah Linda , Amri Nawel , Bugueno Isaac Maximiliano , Hotton Dominique , Tenenbaum Henri , Huck Olivier , Berdal Ariane , Davideau Jean‐Luc 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMsx2 homeoprotein is a key transcription factor of dental and periodontal tissue formation and is involved in many molecular pathways controlling mineralized tissue homeostasis such as Wnt/sclerostin pathway. This study evaluated the effect of Msx2‐null mutation during experimental periodontitis in mice.MethodsExperimental periodontitis was induced for 30 days in wild‐type and Msx2 knock‐in Swiss mice using Porphyromonas gingivalis infected ligatures. In knock‐in mice, Msx2 gene was replaced by n‐LacZ gene encoding β‐galactosidase. Periodontal tissue response was assessed by histomorphometry, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase histoenzymology, β‐galactosidase, sclerostin immunochemistry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nickend labeling assay. Expression of Msx2 gene expression was also evaluated in human gingival biopsies using RT‐qPCR.ResultsDuring experimental periodontitis, osteonecrosis area and osteoclast number were significantly elevated in knock‐in mice compared with wild‐type mice. Epithelial downgrowth and bone loss was similar. Sclerostin expression in osteocytes appeared to be reduced during periodontitis in knock‐in mice. Msx2 expression was detected in healthy and inflamed human gingival tissues.ConclusionThese data indicated that Msx2 pathway influenced periodontal tissue response to experimental periodontitis and appeared to be a protective factor against alveolar bone osteonecrosis. As shown in other inflammatory processes such as atherothrombosis, genes initially characterized in early development could also play an important role in human periodontal pathogenesis.