bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Correlations between Traits of Metabolic Syndrome and CKD
Authors: Chen Xu , Bhuiyan Istiak , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Magnusson Patrik K. E. , Svensson Per 
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors associated with CKD. By studying the genetic and environmental influences on how traits of metabolic syndrome correlate with CKD, the understanding of the etiological relationships can be improved.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
From the population-based TwinGene project within the Swedish Twin Registry, 4721 complete twin pairs (9442 European ancestry participants) were included in this cross-sectional twin study. Metabolic syndrome-related continuous traits were measured, and the binary components as well as the status of metabolic syndrome were defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. The eGFR was calculated by cystatin C-based equations from the CKD epidemiology collaboration group, and CKD was defined by eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Genetic and environmental contributions to the correlations between traits of metabolic syndrome and CKD were estimated by using twin-based bivariate structural equation models.

Results
The correlation between metabolic syndrome and eGFR-defined CKD was 0.16 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.12 to 0.20), out of which 51% (95% CI, 12% to 90%) was explained by genes, whereas 15% (95% CI, 0% to 42%) and 34% (95% CI, 16% to 52%) was explained by the shared and nonshared environment, respectively. The genetic and environmental correlations between metabolic syndrome and CKD were 0.29 (95% CI, 0.07 to 0.51) and 0.27 (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.41), respectively. For the correlation between abdominal obesity and eGFR, 69% (95% CI, 10% to 100%) was explained by genes and 23% (95% CI, 5% to 41%) was explained by environment. The genetic correlation between abdominal obesity and eGFR was −0.30 (95% CI, −0.54 to −0.06), whereas the environmental correlation was −0.14 (95% CI, −0.22 to −0.06).

Conclusions
Both genes and environment contribute to the correlation between metabolic syndrome and eGFR-defined CKD. The genetic contribution is particularly important to the correlation between abdominal obesity and eGFR.
Can Teachers Distinguish Competencies From Entrustable Professional Activities?
Authors: Broussenko Mark , Burns Sarah , Leung Fok-Han , Toubassi Diana 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: There has been a recent transition from the use of “competencies” to “entrustable professional activities” (EPAs) in medical education assessment paradigms. Although this transition proceeds apace, few studies have examined these concepts in a practical context. Our study sought to examine how distinct the concepts of competencies and EPAs were to front-line clinical educators.
Methods: A 20-item survey tool was developed based on the University of Calgary Department of Family Medicine’s publicly available lists of competencies and EPAs. This tool required participants to identify given items as either a competency or an EPA, after reading a description of each. The tool was administered to a convenience sample of consenting clinical educators at 5 of the 14 training sites at the University of Toronto Department of Family and Community Medicine in 2018. We also collected information on years in practice, hours spent supervising per week, and direct involvement in medical education.
Results: We analyzed a total of 60 surveys. The mean rate of correct responses was 45.3% (+/- 21.8%). Subgroup analysis failed to reveal any correlation between any of the secondary characteristics and correct responses.
Conclusion: Clinical educators in our study were not able to distinguish between competencies and EPAs. Further research is recommended prior to intensive curricular changes.
Pemberdayaan Remaja Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan NAPZA dan Pencegahan HIV/AIDS
Authors: Sari Citra Windani Mambang , Lukman Mamat , Yani Desy Indra 
Published: September 2019

Tingginya angka kejadian penyalahgunaan NAPZA dan angka HIV/ AIDS pada remaja masih menjadi perhatian dunia untuk terus berupaya mengatasinya. Remaja Babakan Surabaya sebagian besar mempunyai pengetahuan baik tentang NAPZA dan HIV/AIDS tetapi masih ada yang mempunyai pengetahuan kurang baik tentag NAPZA dan HIV/AIDS. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang NAPZA dan HIV/ AIDS di Kebon Kangkung dan Babakan Surabaya Kota Bandung. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan quasi eksperimen dengan 17 remaja dari wilayah kerja Puskesmas Babakan Surabaya. Kuesioner pengetahuan dibuat berdasarkan Kementerian kesehatan. Analisis menggunakan Wilcoxon. Hasil pengabdian ini adalah rata-rata pengetahuan sebelum dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan pada remaja (Median=15, IR=6) dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan adalah (Median=19, IR=6). Hasil PKM adalah adanya perbedaan signifikan terhadap pengetahuan remaja tentang NAPZA dan HIV/AIDS di Kelurahan Kebon Kangkung dan Babakan Surabaya Kota Bandung setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan (p=0.007). Saran dari pengabdian ini diharapkan puskesmas dapat melanjutkan dengan memfasilitasi remaja membentuk kegiatan-kegiatan pencegahan NAPZA dan HIV AIDS di kelurahan Babakan Surabaya.
Some New Heterocyclisations Based on N-(2,2-dichloro-1-isothiocyanatoethyl)benzamide Derivatives
Authors: Pokotylo Ihor O. , Zadorozhnii Pavlo V. , Kiselev Vadym V. , Okhtina Oxana V. , Kharchenko Aleksandr V. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Based on the readily available N-(2,2-dichloro-1-(2-(4-methylbenzoyl)-hydrazine-1-carbothioamido)ethyl)benzamide, the corresponding N-(2,2-dichloro-1-((5-(p-tolyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino)ethyl)benzamide and 5-(p-tolyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine were obtained. The products were received in acceptable yields and were isolated from the reaction mixture without any particular difficulty. The structure of the compounds obtained was confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data.
Application of the Shrinking-Core Models for Determination of Dissolution Kinetics of Mn and Zn from Spent Zinc–Carbon Battery Powder in Organic Acid Solution
Authors: Agacayak Tevfik , Taner Hasan Ali 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, dissolution kinetics of manganese and zinc from spent zinc–carbon batteries in acetic acid solution was investigated. To determine the kinetics of dissolution of manganese and zinc, shrinking core model was applied to dissolution recoveries obtained at different temperatures. As a result of kinetic studies, it was determined that manganese and zinc were dissolved in acetic acid solution by diffusion from product layer and then activation energies (Ea) were calculated.
Surface Modification of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) in Air Plasma
Authors: Drobota Mioara , Trandabat Alexandru , Pislaru Marius 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper reports the modification of a polyester film surface in air plasma at room temperature. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the plasma treatment, the modified surface of the PET films was characterized by contact angle and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
Herbaria of the Prussian physician Boretius (1694-1738) in the Herbarium WA
Authors: Graniszewska Maja , Kapler Adam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Pre-Linnaean herbaria have a growing value for botanists and historians of science. A unique example is a four volume herbarium from the early 18th century preserved in the archives of the Herbarium of the Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw. They consist of one, originally five volume set. We proved that the plants had been gathered by the famous naturalist Georg Andreas Helwing (1666-1748), and his son-in-law, Matthias Ernst Boretius (1694-1738), and they annotated and classified the exhibits. Boretius was born in Prussia, in Lec (now: Giżycko). He acquired his academic training in Königsberg and Leiden, and deepened it by scientific travels. He was the first in Masuria to promote vaccination against smallpox. Earning the reputation of a distinguished scholar, he was appointed Royal Physician and Crown Councilor of the Prussian court. He died in 1738 at the age of just 44, leaving the herbarium vivum – a magnificent remnant of his times. There are over 900 cards with glued specimen, signed in three languages: Latin, German and Polish. It includes vascular plants, liverworts, true mosses, clubmosses, algae and macrofungi. Boretius implemented the system made known by the French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656-1708). His system divided the plant world into 22 classes, based on flower morphology but also retaining the traditional split into trees, shrubs and forbs. The choice of this arrangement by Boretius was an innovation; the earlier plant collections of his tutor Helwing lacked any attempt to classify plant species.
Endemic plants of tropical dry evergreen forest, Southern India
Authors: Balachandran Natesan , Rajendiran Krishnamurthy , Gastmans Walter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDuring the last two decades of intensive botanical survey of the tropical dry evergreen forest, a total of 82 endemic taxa were found out of 1142 species enumerated from 85 sites in the three Coromandel Coastal districts of the state Tamil Nadu: Cuddalore, Kancheepurm and Villupuram, and in the Pondicherry district. Of 82 species, 17 are trees, 11 shrubs, 9 climbers and 45 herbs. Distribution of these endemic species was analyzed and categorised as endemic to the country, peninsular India, southern India, Eastern and Western Ghats, and at the state and district level. Interestingly, the study found that some endemic species were disjunctly distributed between districts, states, ghats, climatic regimes and bioregions. Anthropogenic disturbance and species threat status were also studied and discussed.
A report on diversity and distribution of macrofungi in the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Semwal Kamal C. , Bhatt Vinod K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We report mycodiversity of the different forest types of the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. The results drawn here are based on the study carried out in the different forest sites of the Garhwal Himalaya during the rainy season from 2013 to 2015. We collected a total of 323 specimens, including 310 specimens belonging to Basidiomycota and 13 to Ascomycota. Furthermore, 212 specimens of Basidiomycota were identified and grouped into 33 families, 75 genera and 198 species, while 13 specimens of Ascomycota were grouped into 7 families, 7 genera and 11 species. 127 species were found in oak dominated temperate broadleaved forest, while 42 were collected from coniferous and 19 from the mixed woodland composed mainly of Quercus, Myrica, Rhododendron and Pinus trees in middle to higher hills, and Shorea robusta and Tectona grandis in the dipterocarp forests of lower hills. In terms of fungal species distribution in these forests, Amanitaceae, Russulaceae and Boletaceae were found most dominant in oak dominated forests, whereas Tricholomataceae and Cantharellaceae were commonly found in Pinus and Cedrus dominated forests and those belonging to family Cortinariaceae – in mixed forests. Species belonging to the families Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae and Tricholomataceae were found dominant in dipterocarp forest in the lower Himalayan region. The majority of species belonging to all families were found near lower to mid range altitude, which may result from the overlapping effect of atmospheric temperature and climate. The members of seven families, i.e., Russulaceae, Amanitaceae, Tricholomataceae, Boletaceae, Cantharellaceae, Cortinariaceae and Gomphaceae, were found as main ectomycorrhizal forming species from the elevation range of 500-2800 m a.s.l., in all four forest types.
Utricularia vulgaris L. and Salvinia natans (L.) All. heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb) bioaccumulation specificity in the area of Bardača fishpond
Authors: Maksimović Tanja , Rončević Srđan , Kukavica Biljana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Paper deals with seasonal changes in heavy metal bioaccumulation (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb) in Utricularia vulgaris L. and Salvinia natans (L.) All. of two localities (Necik and Sinjak – active fishpond basins) in the area of Bardača fishpond. According to our results, the better accumulator of Fe (3035 mg/kg) and Zn was S. natans (163.55 mg/kg), whereas Utricularia vulgaris better accumulates Mn (620 mg/kg) and Cu (10.18 mg/kg). Amounts of Pb in both investigated macrophyte were below the detection level (<0.51 mg/kg). The values of the bioaccumulation factor (BAC) of the tested metals were >1 or ~1 for both species, and the BAC values decreased in the following order in both investigated species: Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn. The results obtained indicated that tested macrophyte show very good characteristics as bioaccumulators and, thanks to this fact, they could be used in phytoremediation technique successfully in water-polluted ecosystem.
The effect of the selected remediation medium on the cadmium bioavailability in the selected ecosystem in the Southwestern locality of Slovakia
Authors: Urminská Jana , Tóth Tomáš , Prokeinová Renáta Benda , Ondrišík Peter 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Soil is a sensitive ecological factor. Biodegradable materials from the environment can also be used to deal with serious ecological problems. Soil affecting by remediation medium - garden compost - was analysed for toxic cadmium (Cd) in terms of environmental protection. The objective of this research was to analyse soil and compost at foothill locality of the Tribeč Mountains (Southwestern Slovakia) in the years 2015−2017 to determine Cd contents in soil and compost, pH and to assess Cd bioavailability. The analyses were carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with seven-step Selective Sequential Extraction methods. The results obtained were evaluated statistically using the SAS 9.4 software method by Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The results showed that Cd contents in soil had reached 2.96 mg kg−1 and soil with compost (the ratio 1:1) 2.71 mg kg−1 dry matter. Cd contents in the soil exceeded maximum allowed limit of 196%. And deceased by 25% after adding compost. The pH in soil with compost varied from 6.78 to 7.98. The pH prevented the mobility of Cd about 8.3% in average. Statistical dependence was high, which was demonstrated for relationship between Cd in soil, pH and compost. Available Cd forms in soil were 53.3% and soil with compost were 45% in average. The garden compost as a remediation medium reduced Cd bioavailability.
On Intra-Class Variance for Deep Learning of Classifiers
Authors: Pilarczyk Rafał , Skarbek Władysław 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A novel technique for deep learning of image classifiers is presented. The learned CNN models higher offer better separation of deep features (also known as embedded vectors) measured by Euclidean proximity and also no deterioration of the classification results by class membership probability. The latter feature can be used for enhancing image classifiers having the classes at the model’s exploiting stage different from from classes during the training stage. While the Shannon information of SoftMax probability for target class is extended for mini-batch by the intra-class variance, the trained network itself is extended by the Hadamard layer with the parameters representing the class centers. Contrary to the existing solutions, this extra neural layer enables interfacing of the training algorithm to the standard stochastic gradient optimizers, e.g. AdaM algorithm. Moreover, this approach makes the computed centroids immediately adapting to the updating embedded vectors and finally getting the comparable accuracy in less epochs.
Caffeine Supplementation for Powerlifting Competitions: an Evidence-Based Approach
Authors: Grgic Jozo , Sabol Filip , Venier Sandro , Tallis Jason , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Coso Juan Del , Mikulic Pavle 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we review the effects of caffeine on muscle strength and provide suggestions for caffeine supplementation in powerlifting competitions. The currently available studies indicate that caffeine ingestion may enhance strength in two powerlifting competition events, the squat and the bench press. For the deadlift, the same might be expected even though studies directly using this event are lacking. Optimal doses of caffeine are likely in the range from 2 to 6 mg·kg−1, and are highly individual. When using caffeine-containing capsules, 60 minutes pre-exercise seems to be a good timing of caffeine consumption. For other sources such as caffeinated chewing gum, a shorter period (5 to 10 min) from consumption to the start of the exercise seems to be effective. For shorter duration powerlifting competitions (e.g., 2 hours), one pre-competition dose of caffeine could be sufficient for acute performance-enhancing effects that might be maintained across all three events. For longer duration competitions (with longer rest periods between one repetition maximum attempts), there might be a benefit to repeated dosing with caffeine; for example, ingesting smaller doses of caffeine before each attempt or event. During training, powerlifters may consider ingesting caffeine only before the training sessions with the highest intensity. This approach might eliminate the attenuation of caffeine’s effects associated with chronic caffeine ingestion and would help in maximizing performance benefits from acute caffeine ingestion at the competition. Nonetheless, withdrawal from caffeine (e.g., no caffeine intake seven days before competition) does not seem necessary and may have some indirect negative effects.
A Preliminary Analysis of Relationships between a 1RM Hexagonal Bar Load and Peak Power with the Tactical Task of a Body Drag
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Balfany Katherine , Denamur Jenna K. , Moreno Matthew R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A critical job task for law enforcement officers that should be influenced by strength is the body drag. This study analyzed relationships between absolute and relative strength measured by a one-repetition maximum hexagonal bar deadlift (1RM HBD), with body drags completed with 74.84 kg and 90.72 kg dummies. Twenty recreationally-trained individuals completed the 1RM HBD in one session, with peak power measured via a linear position transducer. Over two subsequent sessions, participants dragged the 74.84 kg and 90.72 kg dummies with two techniques. The first technique followed Californian standards, where participants wrapped their arms around the dummy and lifted it to standing before timing commenced. In the adapted technique, timing included the initial manipulation of the dummy. Participants dragged the dummy as quickly as possible over a 9.75 m distance. Partial correlations and linear regression (controlling for sex; p < 0.05) analyzed relationships between the HBD and body drags. The standard 74.84 kg body drag correlated with every HBD variable (r = -0.477 to -0.666), and was predicted by the absolute 1RM HBD (r2 = 0.467). The adapted 74.84 kg drag correlated with all HBD variables (r = -0.535 to - 0.754), and was predicted by peak power and the 1RM HBD (r2 = 0.758). Both 90.72 kg drags correlated with absolute and relative 1RM HBD (r = -0.517 to -0.670). Strength related to all body drags; peak power may be more important for drags with lighter loads. Strength training should be a focus in law enforcement to enhance drag performance.
Force and Electromyographic Responses of the Biceps Brachii after Eccentric Exercise in Athletes and non-Athletes
Authors: Kawczyński Adam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare skeletal muscle response to elbow flexors eccentric exercise in athletes and non-athletes. A set of eccentric (ECC) exercises was performed in a group of 12 athletes and 12 non-athlete controls. Maximal isometric force, electromyographic (EMG) activity of the biceps brachii and the resting elbow angle were assessed before, immediately, 48 hours, 5 and 10 days after high-intensity ECC exercises. During the set of the ECC exercises each participant performed 25 eccentric contractions of elbow flexors. Each contraction consisted of lowering a dumbbell from the flexed (elbow joint angle:

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to the extended elbow (elbow joint angle:

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position. The weight of the dumbbell was set at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). The ECC contractions caused a decrease in maximal isometric force in both groups. The variable dropped by 8% in non-athletes and by 24% in athletes. Furthermore, the EMG RMS increased significantly only for non-athletes 10 days after the ECC exercise compared to baseline values. The present study showed different effects of ECC exercise on force and EMG in athletes and non-athletes, indicating a more pronounced force response in athletes and electromyographic response in non-athletes.
SIMU-RAD programme: a learning tool for radiation (photons and charged particles) interaction
Authors: Mohamad Tajudin Suffian , Aminordin Sabri Adila Hanim 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Radiation education is necessary for a wide variety of people, such as radiation workers particularly for students of secondary school and higher education institution who learn radiation sciences. The fact that we could not see or feel radiation makes it difficult to understand it. The use of radiation trajectories shown on a personal computer should be useful to overcome this difficulty. In order to understand radiation behaviour inside the material, we have developed a Simu-Rad (Copyright: LY2018002738) by using Monte Carlo simulation programme. One who has no programming knowledge is able to simulate photons in a material through the developed programme. The program could become a computer aided learning tool for radiation related courses. We aim to facilitate lecturer from ‘The Traditional Classroom’ to ‘The Flipped Classroom’ for radiation education concerning in the era of IR 4.0. To validate our radiation simulator, we calculate photon linear attenuation coefficient (µ) of an aluminium material which commonly used as a filter in diagnostic radiology. µ is one of the main characteristics to understand how the radiation attenuated inside the materials. We calculate at energy photon of 662 keV (Cs-137 radiation source) to compare our results of µ with the XCOM database. Consequently, the results from the developed simulator comparable with the database verified our programme to be used for radiation study.
Study of Fire Characteristics of Industrial Dust
Authors: Szabová Zuzana , Kuracina Richard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the determination of fire characteristics of industrial dust samples. Particle size granulometry and determination of explosion parameters according to EN 14034 (Lower Explosion Limit LEL, Pmax, Kst) are presented. The minimum ignition temperatures of the dust layer and dispersed dust from the hot surface according to EN ISO / IEC 80079-20-2: 2016 were measured. It was found that LEL is 60 g.m−3, Pmax is 8.61 bar, and Kst is 89 bar.s−1.m. The minimum ignition temperature (MIT) of dust layer is 280 ° C and the minimum ignition temperature of dispersed dust is 400 ° C.
Timing Parameters of Pyrotechnic Igniter Based on Magnesium Powder
Authors: Pelikán Vojtěch , Kuracina Richard , Szabová Zuzana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chemical igniters are used in the study of dispersed dusts. Energy released during their use is defined by EN 14034 at 2 x 5 kJ. The Standard does not define the exact composition of the pyrotechnic mixture. The condition of using the igniter is to release energy according to the Standard. This article is focused on pyrotechnic composition with magnesium powder. It deals with various ways of activating, preparing and sealing the pyrotechnic mixture in the igniter. These values are important for setting up a device for studying the explosive properties of dispersed dusts.