bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of photoinduced isomerization on the chiral separation of novel liquid crystalline materials with a diazene moiety
Authors: Vojtylová Terézia Jurkovičová , Cigl Martin , Tomášková Petra , Hamplová Věra , Sýkora David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe influence of photoinduced isomerization on the enantiomeric separation of two newly synthesized liquid crystalline materials, liquid crystals 1 and 2, was studied by high‐performance liquid chromatography on a chiral stationary phase Chiralpack AD‐3. Both materials have one chiral center and one diazene moiety. The compounds were separated into their E and Z isomeric forms. The conditions and time scale of the ultraviolet‐induced E to Z transition were briefly evaluated. Under the optimized conditions, we were able to baseline separate the S and R enantiomers of both the studied materials in their E isomeric form. The chiral separation of liquid crystal 2 after ultraviolet irradiation was unsuccessful. In contrast, the chiral separation of liquid crystal 1 possessing a similar structure to liquid crystal 2 provided baseline separation in its Z isomeric form as well. Previously, we have shown the influence of photoinduced isomerization and its utilization in the enantioseparation on relatively simple molecules. Here, we demonstrate that (1) much more complex compounds can also be successfully separated despite the bulkiness of the achiral part of the structure and (2) photoinduced isomerization even for such complex molecules still strongly influences their chromatographic properties.
Curcuminoid Content and Safety‐Related Markers of Quality of Turmeric Dietary Supplements Sold in an Urban Retail Marketplace in the United States
Authors: Skiba Meghan B. , Luis Paula B. , Alfafara Chelsea , Billheimer Dean , Schneider Claus , Funk Janet L. 
Published: May 2018

ScopeTurmeric is a top selling dietary supplement (DS) in the United States with rapidly expanding usage. Therefore, turmeric DS formulations available for sale in an urban US retail marketplace are analyzed, and point of sale information is related to measures of quality relevant to safety.Methods and resultsEighty‐seven unique turmeric DS are identified; a majority (94%) contained turmeric‐derived curcuminoid extracts (TD‐CE), which are combined with other bioactives in 47% of products, including piperine (24%), an additive that could alter the metabolism of concurrent medications. While curcuminoid content is within 80% of anticipated for a majority of products analyzed (n = 35), curcuminoid composition (% curcumin) did not meet US Pharmacopeia (USP) criteria for TD‐CE in 59% and is suggestive of possible unlabeled use of synthetic curcumin in some. Lead content is associated with the inclusion of turmeric root and exceeded USP limits in one product. Residues of toxic class 1 or 2 solvents, which are not needed for TD‐CE isolation, are present in 71% of products, although quantified levels were within USP‐specified limits.ConclusionAssessment of turmeric DS quality at point of sale is difficult for consumers and may best be managed in partnership with knowledgeable healthcare professionals.
UPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS2 characterisation of Cola nitida resin fractions with inhibitory effects on NO and TNF‐α released by LPS‐activated J774 macrophage and on Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis
Authors: Frankenberger Larissa , D. Mora Tamara , de Siqueira Carolina D. , Filippin‐Monteiro Fabiola B. , de Moraes Milene H. , Biavatti Maique W. , Steindel Mario , Sandjo Louis P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe resin of Cola nitida is used in western Cameroon as incense for spiritual protection and during ritual ceremonies. This plant secretion has never been investigated although previous chemical and biological studies on other resins have drawn many attentions.ObjectiveThe resin fractions which revealed inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) released by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated J774 macrophage as well as on intracellular forms of Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi amastigote were chemically characterised. Moreover, their antiparasitic activities were compared to those of semi‐synthetic triterpenes.MethodologyThe anti‐inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring the nitrite production and the TNF‐α concentration in the supernatants of LPS‐activated macrophages by antigen capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, the antiparasitic assay was performed by infecting the host cells (THP‐1) in a ratio parasite/cell 10:1 (L. amazonensis) and 2:1 (T. cruzi) and then exposed to the samples. The resin was separated in vacuo by liquid chromatography because of its sticky behaviour and the chemical profiles of the obtained fractions (F1–F4) were established by dereplication based on UPLC‐ESI‐MS2 data while semi‐synthetic triterpenes were prepared from α‐amyrin by oxidation reactions.ResultsFractions F1–F4 inhibited NO and TNF‐α almost similarly. However, only F1, F3 and F4 showed promising antiparasitic activities while F2 was moderately active against both parasites. Hence, F1–F4 were exclusively composed of pentacyclic triterpenes bearing oleanane and ursane skeletons. Semi‐synthetic compounds revealed no to moderate antiparasitic activity compared to the fractions.ConclusionAlthough it will be difficult to prove the interaction resin‐spirit, interesting bioactivities were found in the resin fractions.
Dereplication of plant phenolics using a mass‐spectrometry database independent method
Authors: Borges Ricardo M. , Taujale Rahil , de Souza Juliana Santana , de Andrade Bezerra Thaís , Silva Eder Lana e , Herzog Ronny , Ponce Francesca V. , Wolfender Jean‐Luc , Edison Arthur S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionDereplication, an approach to sidestep the efforts involved in the isolation of known compounds, is generally accepted as being the first stage of novel discoveries in natural product research. It is based on metabolite profiling analysis of complex natural extracts.ObjectiveTo present the application of LipidXplorer for automatic targeted dereplication of phenolics in plant crude extracts based on direct infusion high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry data.Material and MethodsLipidXplorer uses a user‐defined molecular fragmentation query language (MFQL) to search for specific characteristic fragmentation patterns in large data sets and highlight the corresponding metabolites. To this end, MFQL files were written to dereplicate common phenolics occurring in plant extracts. Complementary MFQL files were used for validation purposes.ResultsNew MFQL files with molecular formula restrictions for common classes of phenolic natural products were generated for the metabolite profiling of different representative crude plant extracts. This method was evaluated against an open‐source software for mass‐spectrometry data processing (MZMine®) and against manual annotation based on published data.ConclusionThe targeted LipidXplorer method implemented using common phenolic fragmentation patterns, was found to be able to annotate more phenolics than MZMine® that is based on automated queries on the available databases. Additionally, screening for ascarosides, natural products with unrelated structures to plant phenolics collected from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, demonstrated the specificity of this method by cross‐testing both groups of chemicals in both plants and nematodes.
Trajectories of early education learning behaviors among children at risk: A growth mixture modeling approach
Authors: McDermott Paul A. , Rovine Michael J. , Reyes Roland S. , Chao Jessica L. , Scruggs Richard , Buek Katharine , Fantuzzo John W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study examined the latent developmental patterns for classroom learning behaviors among children from underresourced families. Based on standardized teacher observations, a large sample (N = 2,152) of children was assessed for manifestations of Competence Motivation and Attentional Persistence twice annually through Head Start, kindergarten, and 1st grade. For each form of learning behavior, latent growth mixture modeling revealed dominant subpopulations of change that feature quite good learning behaviors during Head Start but marked deterioration in performance upon kindergarten entry. Other change subpopulations showed children arriving in Head Start with noticeably poor learning behaviors and, while experiencing some early improvement, continued to function with relatively limited learning behaviors throughout the transition years, whereas other children entered prekindergarten with somewhat average performance levels and evinced modest losses when exiting Head Start. Membership in less desirable growth subpopulations is linked to preexisting explanatory factors and to subsequent negative outcomes. The general deterioration in learning behaviors that accompanies formal school entry is examined in the context of Head Start performance fade‐out and teachers’ shifting reference standards.
Fear of cancer recurrence and death anxiety
Authors: Sharpe L. , Curran L. , Butow P. , Thewes B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn 2013, 3 systematic reviews of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and its predictors were published. All 3 concurred that FCR is a highly prevalent problem and amongst the largest unmet needs of cancer survivors, even 5 or more years after treatment. However, between them they identified only 1 study that had investigated the relationship between death anxiety and FCR. This is surprising because it is well acknowledged that a diagnosis of cancer, a potentially life‐threatening illness, is associated with a number of existential issues that give rise to psychological sequelae such as intrusive thoughts about death and other post‐traumatic symptoms. Outside the cancer literature, there has recently been a call to identify death anxiety as a transdiagnostic construct that underlies many anxiety disorders even in healthy people. And yet, the relevance of death anxiety to FCR has not been studied. We explore the barriers to the study of death anxiety and FCR and the reasons that a potential link between the 2 might have important theoretical and clinical implications. We conclude that establishing the relationship between death anxiety, FCR and other existential issues is essential in order to fully understand FCR, particularly in the context of advanced disease. We further conclude that whether death anxiety underlies FCR has important clinical implications which would potentially allow us to optimise currently available evidence‐based treatments.
FeS2/CoS2 Interface Nanosheets as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Yin Jie , An Li , Lu Min , Sun Ke , Zhao Yong‐Qin , Gao Daqiang , Cheng Fangyi , Xi Pinxian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen, as an important reaction for renewable energy storage, needs highly efficient and stable catalysts. Herein, FeS2/CoS2 interface nanosheets (NSs) as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting are reported. The thickness and interface disordered structure with rich defects of FeS2/CoS2 NSs are confirmed by atomic force microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy clarifies that FeS2/CoS2 NSs with sulfur vacancies, which can further increase electrocatalytic performance. Benefiting from the interface nanosheets' structure with abundant defects, the FeS2/CoS2 NSs show remarkable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with a low overpotential of 78.2 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a superior stability for 80 h in 1.0 m KOH, and an overpotential of 302 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). More importantly, the FeS2/CoS2 NSs display excellent performance for overall water splitting with a voltage of 1.47 V to achieve current density of 10 mA cm−2 and maintain the activity for at least 21 h. The present work highlights the importance of engineering interface nanosheets with rich defects based on transition metal dichalcogenides for boosting the HER and OER performance.
Inkjet Printing in Liquid Environments
Authors: Zhang Yanzhen , Li Dege , Liu Yonghong , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInkjet printing (IJP) is an old but still vivifying technique for flexible and cost‐effective printing of various kinds of functional inks. Normally, IJP can only work in gaseous environments. Here, it is shown that traditional piezoelectric IJP can be performed in liquid environments with a totally different droplet dispensing and manipulating mechanism. With the same piezoelectric nozzle, the volume of the droplets printed in a carrier liquid can be thousands of times smaller than those printed in air. Therefore, this work demonstrates a working mode of traditional IJP with a highly improved resolution opening possibilities for novel applications of the IJP technique.
Modulating the Surface State of SiC to Control Carrier Transport in Graphene/SiC
Authors: Jia Yuping , Sun Xiaojuan , Shi Zhiming , Jiang Ke , Liu Henan , Ben Jianwei , Li Dabing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) with epitaxial graphene (EG/SiC) shows a great potential in the applications of electronic and photoelectric devices. The performance of devices is primarily dependent on the interfacial heterojunction between graphene and SiC. Here, the band structure of the EG/SiC heterojunction is experimentally investigated by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The dependence of the barrier height at the EG/SiC heterojunction to the initial surface state of SiC is revealed. Both the barrier height and band bending tendency of the heterojunction can be modulated by controlling the surface state of SiC, leading to the tuned carrier transport behavior at the EG/SiC interface. The barrier height at the EG/SiC(000‐1) interface is almost ten times that of the EG/SiC(0001) interface. As a result, the amount of carrier transport at the EG/SiC(000‐1) interface is about ten times that of the EG/SiC(0001) interface. These results offer insights into the carrier transport behavior at the EG/SiC heterojunction by controlling the initial surface state of SiC, and this strategy can be extended in all devices with graphene as the top layer.
Modeling of Aniridia-Related Keratopathy by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing of Human Limbal Epithelial Cells and Rescue by Recombinant PAX6 Protein
Authors: Roux Lauriane N. , Petit Isabelle , Domart Romain , Concordet Jean-Paul , Qu Jieqiong , Zhou Huiqing , Joliot Alain , Ferrigno Olivier , Aberdam Daniel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Heterozygous PAX6 gene mutations leading to haploinsufficiency are the main cause of congenital aniridia, a rare and progressive panocular disease characterized by reduced visual acuity. Up to 90% of patients suffer from aniridia-related keratopathy (ARK), caused by a combination of factors including limbal epithelial stem cell (LSC) deficiency, impaired healing response and abnormal differentiation of the corneal epithelium. It usually begins in the first decade of life, resulting in recurrent corneal erosions, sub-epithelial fibrosis, and corneal opacification. Unfortunately, there are currently no efficient treatments available for these patients and no in vitro model for this pathology. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce into the PAX6 gene of LSCs a heterozygous nonsense mutation found in ARK patients. Nine clones carrying a p.E109X mutation on one allele were obtained with no off-target mutations. Compared with the parental LSCs, heterozygous mutant LSCs displayed reduced expression of PAX6 and marked slow-down of cell proliferation, migration and detachment. Moreover, addition to the culture medium of recombinant PAX6 protein fused to a cell penetrating peptide was able to activate the endogenous PAX6 gene and to rescue phenotypic defects of mutant LSCs, suggesting that administration of such recombinant PAX6 protein could be a promising therapeutic approach for aniridia-related keratopathy. More generally, our results demonstrate that introduction of disease mutations into LSCs by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing allows the creation of relevant cellular models of ocular disease that should greatly facilitate screening of novel therapeutic approaches.
Adaptive robust control for a class of uncertain stochastic systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Wang Yuchao , Wu Hansheng , Huang Peng , Kang Zhiliang 
Published: May 2018

The problems of robust stochastic stabilization and adaptive robust control are studied for stochastic systems with parameter uncertainties and time‐varying state delays. In this study, an assumption is made that the parameter uncertainties are time‐varying norm‐bounded, the upper bounds of which are unknown positive constants, and that the time‐varying delays are non‐negative continuous and bounded functions. In particular, the derivatives of these time‐varying delays are not required to be less than 1. For such a class of stochastic systems, a delay‐independent adaptive robust state feedback controller is proposed. By employing the Lyapunov functional method, it has been demonstrated that the equilibrium x(t) = 0 of such systems is globally asymptotically stable in probability. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Growth patterns and cerebroplacental hemodynamics in fetuses with congenital heart disease
Authors: Mebius M. J. , Clur S. A. B. , Vink A. S. , Pajkrt E. , Kalteren W. S. , Kooi E. M. W. , Bos A. F. , du Marchie Sarvaas G. J. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesCongenital heart disease (CHD) has been associated with reduced fetal head circumference (HC), although the underlying pathophysiology remains undetermined. We aimed to define trends in fetal growth and cerebroplacental Doppler flow, and to investigate their relationship, in fetuses with CHD.MethodsThis was a retrospective study in two fetal medicine units in The Netherlands. We included all fetuses with CHD in whom Doppler flow patterns (middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI), umbilical artery (UA) PI and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR)) and biometry (HC and abdominal circumference (AC)) had been measured serially after 19 weeks' gestation between January 2010 and November 2016. Fetuses were categorized into three groups based on the expected cerebral arterial oxygen saturation of their particular type of CHD: normal; mild to moderately reduced; severely reduced. Trends over time in Z‐scores were analyzed using a linear mixed‐effects model.ResultsA total of 181 fetuses fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Expected cerebral arterial oxygen saturation in CHD was classified as normal in 44 cases, mild to moderately reduced in 84 and severely reduced in 53. In the cohort overall, average trends over time were significant for both HC and AC Z‐scores. HC Z‐scores showed a tendency to decrease until 23 weeks, then to increase until 33 weeks, followed by another decrease in the late third trimester. AC Z‐scores increased progressively with advancing gestation. MCA‐PI and UA‐PI Z‐scores showed significant trends throughout pregnancy, but CPR Z‐scores did not. There were no associations between expected cerebral arterial oxygen saturation and fetal growth. Average trends in MCA‐PI Z‐scores were significantly different between the three subgroups, whereas those in UA‐PI Z‐scores and in CPR Z‐scores were similar between the subgroups. There was no significant association between MCA‐PI and HC Z‐scores.ConclusionsFetal biometry and Doppler flow patterns are within normal range in fetuses with CHD, but show trends over time. Head growth in fetuses with CHD is not associated with cerebral blood flow pattern or placental function and HC is not influenced by the cerebral arterial oxygen saturation. © 2018 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
State Feedback
Authors: Frank Steven A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEarlier chapters focused on the inputs into a system and the outputs produced by a system. This chapter considers the internal dynamics of the system. For example, in the regulation of an organism’s body temperature, we could model performance and cost in terms of the system’s body temperature output. Alternatively, the internal dynamics of the system may include the burning of stored energy, the rise and fall of various signaling molecules, the dilation of blood vessels.
Retracted: Differences in macrobenthic faunal communities in mangrove wetland habitats (Zhanjiang, China) invaded and non‐invaded by exotic cordgrass Spartina alterniflora
Authors: Chen Quan , Jian Shuguang , Ma Keming , Chen Pimao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMangroves are essential for maintaining local biodiversity and human well‐being, and mangrove structure and functioning depend on the macrobenthos. Although exotic cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, is an increasing threat to the mangrove wetlands (including the associated unvegetated shoals) of China, its effects on the macrobenthic fauna in such wetlands is poorly understood. The macrobenthic faunal communities were compared in (1) an Avicennia marina monoculture vs. an S. alterniflora‐invaded A. marina stand (a mixture of A. marina and S. alterniflora) and in (2) an unvegetated shoal vs. an S. alterniflora‐invaded shoal that had rapidly become an S. alterniflora monoculture in Zhanjiang, China. S. alterniflora invasion significantly increased plant density regardless of invaded habitat but significantly increased the contents of total carbon, organic matter, and total sulfur in the sediment only in the unvegetated shoal. The presence of S. alterniflora had little influence on indices of the macrobenthic faunal community in the A. marina monoculture, but significantly decreased the density and biomass of macrobenthic faunal community in the unvegetated shoal. These results indicate that the effects of S. alterniflora on the macrobenthic faunal community depend on which type of mangrove habitat is invaded. The composition of the macrobenthic faunal community was more similar between the invaded and non‐invaded A. marina stand than between the invaded and non‐invaded unvegetated shoal. Overall, the differences in the macrobenthic faunal community between invaded and non‐invaded habitats were associated with increases in the sediment organic matter content and plant density.
Closing remarks: novel approaches to complex societal change and sustainability
Authors: van der Leeuw Sander 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper summarizes some personal impressions of the 7th conference of the International Complex Systems Society, co-organized with “Future Earth”, held in Stockholm on August 24–26, 2017. The main point is that it is urgent and important to consider the sustainability conundrum as long-term, society-driven one, and to place societal dynamics at the core of how we, as a global society, came to this point, how ongoing dynamics are driving us towards a tipping point, and which role the Information and Communication Technology revolution plays in that process. A much wider involvement of the social sciences is essential. This also requires major changes in our thinking about sustainability—we need to develop an approach in which change is the natural state of affairs and societies attempt to impose stability on the dynamics involved. We need to focus on learning from the past, about the present, but above all for the future. And we need to shift from an entity-focused approach to a relational one, which pays more attention to contexts and networks. Other issues raised by such a shift in our thinking are about the role of science, the adoption of complex systems approaches and a few others that the paper points to.