bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Field Automatic Insect Recognition‐Device—A Non‐Lethal Semi‐Automatic Malaise Trap for Insect Biodiversity Monitoring: Proof of Concept
Authors: Chiavassa Juan A. , Kraft Martin , Noack Patrick , Walther Simon , Kirse Ameli , Scherber Christoph 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTField monitoring plays a crucial role in understanding insect dynamics within ecosystems. It facilitates pest distribution assessment, control measure evaluation, and prediction of pest outbreaks. Additionally, it provides important information on bioindicators with which the state of biodiversity and ecological integrity in specific habitats and ecosystems can be accurately assessed. However, traditional monitoring systems face various difficulties, leading to a limited temporal and spatial resolution of the obtained information. Despite recent advancements in automatic insect monitoring traps, also called e‐traps, most of these systems focus exclusively on studying agricultural pests, rendering them unsuitable for monitoring diverse insect populations. To address this issue, we introduce the Field Automatic Insect Recognition (FAIR)‐Device, a novel nonlethal field tool that relies on semi‐automatic image capture and species identification using artificial intelligence via the iNaturalist platform. Our objective was to develop an automatic, cost‐effective, and nonspecific monitoring solution capable of providing high‐resolution data for assessing insect diversity. During a 26‐day proof‐of‐concept evaluation, the FAIR‐Device recorded 24.8 GB of video, identifying 431 individuals from 9 orders, 50 families, and 69 genera. While improvements are possible, our device demonstrated its potential as a cost‐effective, nonlethal tool for monitoring insect biodiversity. Looking ahead, we envision new monitoring systems such as e‐traps as valuable tools for real‐time insect monitoring, offering unprecedented insights for ecological research and agricultural practices.
Malignant Bone‐Forming Neoplasm With NIPBL::BEND2 Fusion
Authors: Dashti Nooshin K. , Matcuk George , Agaimy Abbas , Saoud Carla , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTConventional high‐grade osteosarcomas are characterized by aggressive radiologic features, cytologic pleomorphism, and complex genomics. However, rare examples of osteosarcomas remain challenging due to unusual histology, such as sclerosing or osteoblastoma‐like features, which may require molecular confirmation of their complex genetic alterations. We have encountered such a case in a 17‐year‐old man, who presented with a third metatarsal sclerotic bone lesion, found incidentally in the work‐up of a foot trauma. The initial imaging revealed a lesion with sclerotic/blastic features proximally and lucent/lytic portion distally, findings interpreted consistent with osteoblastoma. The lesion was managed intra‐lesionally with curettings and cryoablation; however, the microscopic findings were non‐specific, showing a bland osteoblastic proliferation embedded in a densely sclerotic matrix. Subsequently, the patient developed two rapid recurrences; the first recurrence was treated similarly despite its associated soft tissue extension radiographically, and the histologic findings remained non‐specific. The 2nd recurrence showed a large mass, with bone destruction and soft tissue extension and an open biopsy revealed features of osteosarcoma with lace‐like osteoid deposition, albeit with uniform cytomorphology. The subsequent below knee amputation showed features compatible with high‐grade osteosarcoma, including solid growth of uniform epithelioid cells, with vesicular nuclei and scant cytoplasm, set in a lace‐like meshwork of osteoid matrix. There was significant mitotic activity and tumor necrosis. Tumor cells were positive for SATB2. Further molecular work‐up was performed showing an unexpected NIPBL::BEND2 fusion, which has been previously reported in two cases of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT). FGF23 (ISH) was performed and was negative. By DNA methylation profiling, unsupervised clustering and UMAP dimensionality reduction revealed grouping with high‐grade osteosarcomas and not with the PMT group. The patient received chemotherapy post‐amputation and is alive without evidence of disease, with 10‐month follow‐up. We report an aggressive, overtly malignant acral bone‐forming tumor, harboring a NIPBL::BEND2 fusion. Further studies are needed to evaluate the recurrent potential of this fusion in osteosarcomas and its relationship with PMT.
Sevuparin strongly reduces hepcidin expression in cells, mice, and healthy human volunteers
Authors: Asperti Michela , Denardo Andrea , Gryzik Magdalena , Persson Kristina E. M. , Westerberg Göran , Öhd John , Poli Maura 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHepcidin is an essential regulator of systemic iron availability mediating both iron uptake from the diet and its release from body stores. Abnormally high hepcidin levels resulting from inflammation in chronic diseases cause iron restriction with the onset of anemia. Restoring physiological levels of hepcidin could contribute to ameliorating anemia in these patients. Heparin derivatives are known to suppress hepcidin expression acting on the BMP/SMAD pathway. The novel heparin derivative sevuparin, modified to markedly reduce its anticoagulant activity, is proposed as a promising hepcidin antagonizing strategy. Sevuparin was tested for its anti‐hepcidin properties in vitro in HepG2 cells, in vivo in mice, and in healthy volunteers. Sevuparin strongly suppressed basal, BMP6‐, and IL6‐dependent hepcidin expression in HepG2 cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, modulating the essential BMP6/SMAD cascade. These effects were evident in C57BL/6J mice after intravenous injection of a single dose of sevuparin (20 mg/kg) with a 70% reduction of hepcidin mRNA. Remarkably, similar effects were observed in healthy volunteers following single subcutaneous doses at 3, 6, and 9 mg/kg with 40%–50% suppression at 3 and 6 mg/kg and 72% at 9 mg/kg. Moreover, sevuparin was able to reduce hepcidin upregulation in a mouse model of acute inflammation induced by LPS, also showing an amelioration of the inflammatory markers. Combined with its excellent safety profile, these data suggest a role for sevuparin in treating high‐hepcidin disorders.
Optimization of Conductive Partitions on the Mixed Convection in a Vented Cavity
Authors: Uğurlubilek Nihal , Sert Zerrin , Selimefendigil Fatih , Öztop Hakan F. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNumerical estimation for the impacts of the conductive partitions having different positions on the mixed laminar convection of air in a 2D vented enclosure was examined. The variable parameters are accepted as Reynolds number (Re = 10–1000), Richardson number (Ri = 0–5), and size of the partition (0.25H, 0.5H, and 0.75H). Twelve cases having several partition arrangements were analyzed. It was observed that excellent convection control can be obtained by using conductive partitions depending upon the Re and Ri combinations. Generally, at small Re, the mean Nu was not affected by the variation of geometry and Ri at small Re. The highest Nu is achieved in Case 12, a cavity with two partitions having a length of 0.75. At Re = 1000, the rate of increase in Nu at Ri = 0, 1, and 5 are obtained at 2.085, 1.868, and 1.43 according to the bare cavity, respectively. In addition, the effect of the solid–fluid thermal conductivity ratio (K = 0.002, 0.2, 1, 5, and 40) on heat transfer was investigated for Case 12. Empirical power‐law Nusselt number correlation was derived for a 2D vented cavity with/without conductive partitions. In conclusion, the maximum heat transfer enhancement rate is obtained in the vented cavity with two length partitions of 0.75. At Re = 1000, the increases in heat transfer rate (Nu/Nu0) for Ri = 0, 1, and 5 are 2.085, 1.87, and 1.43 times higher, respectively, compared with the bare cavity. In terms of effectiveness, Case 12 is the optimum case after Case 0.
Downregulation of Notch Signaling‐Stimulated Genes in Neurovascular Unit Alterations Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Authors: Ru Dewen , Zhang Zengyu , Liu Meng , Fan Xuhui , Wang Yuqi , Yan Yufeng , Wang Ersong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a key contributor to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and is typically associated with blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage. This study investigates the pathological mechanisms underlying CCH‐induced neurovascular unit (NVU) alterations.MethodsA mouse model of CCH was established using the bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) procedure. Decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and impaired BBB integrity were assessed. Brain microvessel (BMV)‐specific transcriptome profiles were analyzed using RNA‐seq, supplemented with published single‐cell RNA‐seq data.ResultsRNA‐seq revealed neuroinflammation‐related gene activation and significant downregulation of Notch signaling pathway genes in BMVs post‐BCAS. Upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in microglia/macrophages, while downregulated DEGs were prominent in endothelial cells and pericytes. Enhanced activation of vascular‐associated microglia (VAM) was linked to neurovascular alterations.ConclusionCCH induces significant NVU changes, marked by microglia‐associated neuroinflammation and Notch signaling downregulation. These insights highlight potential therapeutic targets for treating neuroinflammatory and vascular‐related neurodegenerative diseases.
An insight on energy production using microbial fuel cell: A microbiological perspective and electron transfer improvement
Authors: Palanivel Priya Dharshini , Naina Mohamed Samsudeen , Mohanakrishna Gunda , Ravinuthala Srinithya , Saravanan S 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) are sustainable energy technologies that could resolve pollution challenges brought by various activities. It can meet energy demand by producing bioelectricity through catabolizing organic matter. Over the past two decades, research on many microbes have been used in MFCs, which intrigued researchers to explore the underlying electron transfer mechanism between microbe and anode. Electron transfer between electrode and microorganism occurs via different pathways: direct, indirect electron transfer and interspecies electron transfer. Shewanella and Geobacter are well‐known for microbe–electrode and microbe–microbe electron transfer. This review provides an overview of the significant varieties of microbes utilized in MFCs for simultaneous bioelectricity generation and wastewater treatment. Mechanisms of different modes of electron transfer involved during the oxidation of organic wastes in the anode section of MFCs are highlighted. Furthermore, this review also details some of the techniques to promote extracellular electron transfer efficiency which is important for the enhanced performance of MFC in terms of power, current generation and wastewater remediation. A perspective of challenges to be addressed for the effective functioning of these technologies, opportunities for MFC systems to be scaled up and associated techno‐economic analysis are discussed. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Increased medial tibial slope is a possible risk factor for patellar cartilage lesions
Authors: Hoffeld Kai , Hockmann Jan P. , Wahlers Christopher , Eysel Peer , Oppermann Johannes 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionAxial malalignment in the coronal plane has been identified as a significant risk factor for knee cartilage damage, leading to osteoarthritis progression. However, the impact of sagittal axial deviation on cartilage damage remains underexplored. Biomechanical studies have suggested that an increased tibial slope leads to altered pressure distribution in the articular cartilage, potentially contributing to cartilage damage. Despite these biomechanical insights, clinical evidence linking increased tibial slope to cartilage damage is lacking.MethodsThis retrospective study focuses on patients who underwent surgical cartilage transplantation between January 2016 and July 2023. A total of 108 patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of other pathologies contributing to cartilage damage. Clinical data, including tibial slope measurements from lateral radiographs, were collected. A further subgroup‐matched pair analysis was conducted comparing cases with patellar lesions and healthy knees. Statistical analysis compared tibial slope values between groups and assessed correlations between tibial slope and cartilage lesion grade.ResultsPatients without other identifiable pathologies exhibited a significantly higher medial tibial slope compared to those with known causative factors for cartilage damage (p < 0.05). Cartilage damage, particularly in the patellar region, was more prevalent in patients with an increased tibial slope. Patients with patellar lesions had a significant increased slope than healthy controls (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between cartilage lesion grade and tibial slope.ConclusionThe study identified increased medial tibial slope as a possible independent risk factor for cartilage damage in the knee, especially in the patellar region.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Felt trust: Added baggage or added value? A critical review, constructive redirection, and exploratory meta‐analysis
Authors: de Jong Bart , Lee Allan , Gill Harjinder , Zheng Xiaotong (Janey) 
Published: November 2024

SummaryAfter decades of scholarly focus on studying trust from the trustor's perspective, there has been a rapidly growing interest in understanding trust from the trustee's perspective, with a particular focus on felt trust (i.e., a trustee's perception of being trusted by a trustor). The fundamental assumption underlying this trustee‐centric perspective is that it complements the dominant trustor‐centric perspective and enables a more comprehensive understanding of how trust manifests and operates in the workplace. Unfortunately, our critical review of 121 felt trust studies reported in 87 manuscripts reveals major problems in multiple areas (conceptualization, measurement, theorizing, and research methods) that limit this field's ability to achieve this potential. To remedy this, we build on existing frameworks, best practices, and exemplars from the (felt) trust and meta‐perceptions literature to outline a constructive redirection of the field. We subsequently empirically test the field's fundamental assumption by meta‐analytically exploring the distinctiveness and incremental validity of felt trust beyond other trust concepts. Taken together, our envisioned redirection and meta‐analytic findings enable the field of felt trust to live up to its promise and enrich our understanding of organizational trust.
Divergent Ecological Restoration Driven by Afforestation Along the North and South Banks of the Yarlung Zangbo Middle Reach
Authors: Xie Xinyao , Zhao Wei , Yin Gaofei , Fu Hao , Wang Xiaodan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOver the past four decades, continuous afforestation in the river valley of the Yarlung Zangbo Middle Reach has effectively migrated the land degradation and enhanced the local eco‐environment. Different orientations of north and south banks (i.e., sun‐facing and shade‐facing) generate microclimates, but the diverse growth patterns of the planted forests along different banks remain unknown. In this study, long‐term Landsat observations were introduced to investigate the microclimatic effects on the growth patterns of planted forests and their subsequent effects on the land restoration during 1988–2020. Results showed that the south bank experienced a higher afforestation‐induced greening trend than the north bank, as indicated by normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) rates of 0.0117 and 0.0081 year−1, respectively. The growth of planted forests on the north bank was more sensitive to the distance from riverway than that on the south bank, with the NDVI gradients of −0.0708 and −0.0540 km−1, highlighting a server drought stress on the north bank. Benefited from the continuous afforestation, 79% and 95% of sandy lands on the north and south banks had been restored by 2020. In summary, the microclimatic difference between banks, attributed to different solar illuminations and drought stresses, induce the diverse ecological restoration conditions. These findings offer important insights that future afforestation strategies should consider the microclimatic effect to maximize ecological benefits.
Government Subsidy Policies for Industrial Internet Adoption: A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Analysis
Authors: Peng Xiaoshuai , Wang Shiyi , Zhao Cui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding interactions between government, platforms, and enterprises is key to developing the industrial internet ecosystem. This study constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model to analyze stakeholder interactions. We examine the equilibrium strategies of stakeholders and the asymptotic stabilities of equilibrium points through theoretical and simulation analyses. The results show that increasing the subsidy coefficient, transaction fee rates for high‐level services, and compensation for mismatches incentivize platforms to offer high‐level services. Enterprises are motivated to participate in platforms by raising joining profits and lowering transaction fees. For the government, adjusting the subsidy coefficient promotes industrial internet adoption while avoiding excessive subsidies.
Dose distributions of proton therapy plans are robust against lowering the resolution of CTs combined with increasing noise
Authors: Frensch Carla , Bäcker Claus Maximilian , Jentzen Walter , Lüvelsmeyer Ann‐Kristin , Teimoorisichani Mohammadreza , Wulff Jörg , Timmermann Beate , Bäumer Christian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTreatment planning in radiation therapy (RT) is performed on image sets acquired with commercial x‐ray computed tomography (CT) scanners. Considering an increased frequency of verification scans for adaptive RT and the advent of alternatives to x‐ray CTs, there is a need to review the requirements for image sets used in RT planning.PurposeThis study aims to derive the required image quality (IQ) for the computation of the dose distribution in proton therapy (PT) regarding spatial resolution and the combination of spatial resolution and noise. The knowledge gained is used to explore the potential for dose reduction in tomography‐guided PT.MethodsMathematical considerations indicate that the required spatial resolution for dose computation is on the scale of the set‐up margins fed into the robust optimization. This hypothesis was tested by processing retrospectively 12 clinical PT cases, which reflect a variety of tumor localizations. Image sets were low‐pass filtered and were made noisy in a generic manner. Dose distributions on the modified CT scans were computed with a Monte‐Carlo dose engine. The similarity of these dose distributions with clinical ones was quantified with the gamma‐index (1 mm/1%). The potential reduction of the x‐ray exposure compared to the planning CT scan was estimated.ResultsDose distributions within the irradiated volume were robust against low‐pass filtering of the CTs with kernels up to a full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of 4 mm, that is, the gamma pass rate (1 mm/1%) was 98%. The limit of the filter width was 6 mm for brain tumors and 8 mm for targets in the abdomen. These pass rates remained approximately unchanged if a limited amount of noise was added to the CT image sets. The estimated potential reductions of the x‐ray exposure were at least a factor of 20.ConclusionsThe requirements on IQ in terms of spatial resolution in combination with noise for computing the dose in PT are clearly lower than the IQ of current clinical planning. The results apply, for example, to ultra‐low dose x‐ray CTs, proton CTs with coarse spatial detection, and attenuation images from the joint reconstruction of time‐of‐flight PET scans.
Impact of Early Resumption of Oral Anticoagulation on Recurrence After Surgery for Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Target Trial Emulation
Authors: Anno Takayuki , Fukasawa Toshiki , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Takeuchi Masato , Yoshida Satomi , Kawakami Koji 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeClinicians treating patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on oral anticoagulants who undergo surgery for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) face a dilemma: while early postoperative resumption of anticoagulation is necessary to prevent embolism, it may increase the risk of CSDH recurrence. To date, however, no study has evaluated this question while adequately addressing common biases in observational studies. Here, we assessed this issue using target trial emulation framework.MethodsWe identified patients undergoing initial CSDH surgery who had received anticoagulation for AF preoperatively from two hospital‐based administrative databases (2014–2022). We compared two treatment strategies: resumption of anticoagulation within 14 days postoperatively versus no resumption during this period. Using a three‐step method of cloning, censoring, and weighting, we estimated the risk of CSDH recurrence, along with the risk ratio and risk difference at postoperative day 90.Results291 CSDH patients with AF were eligible, of whom 29 (10.0%) underwent CSDH reoperation. The weighted estimated 90‐day reoperation risk was 11.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.0 to 14.3) for resuming anticoagulation within 14 days postoperatively and 9.4% (95% CI, 4.1 to 12.8) for not resuming within 14 days, corresponding to a risk ratio of 1.20 (95% CI, 0.67 to 2.36) and risk difference of 1.9% (95% CI, −4.0 to 6.6).Conclusions90‐day risk of CSDH recurrence may not differ between early and non‐early resumption of anticoagulation, although early resumption could modestly accelerate recurrence. Allowing for the imprecision of the estimates, these findings provide important insights for clinical decision‐making regarding anticoagulation resumption.