bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thermal Processing on Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Waste Potato Juice
Authors: Kowalczewski Przemysław Łukasz , Olejnik Anna , Białas Wojciech , Kubiak Piotr , Siger Aleksander , Nowicki Marcin , Lewandowicz Grażyna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPotato juice (PJ), commonly considered a burdensome waste, is rich in various compounds with bioactive properties. It has long been considered a remedy for gastric problems in traditional folk medicine. If valorization of PJ through implementation in the production of functional foods is to be considered, stabilization methods must be developed to allow long-term storage of this seasonal product. It is important that such methods are chosen with regard to their effect on the bioactive value of the obtained product. In this study, the impact of four stabilization methods on the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of PJ was investigated. Elevated temperatures were used in thermal deproteinization used to obtain DPJW (deproteinated potato juice water) and spray-drying of FPJ (fresh potato juice) that resulted in SDPJ. Freeze drying and cryoconcentration were the low temperature processing methods that yielded PJL (potato juice lyophilisate) and CPJ (cryocorncentrated potato juice), respectively. All processed materials were characterized chemically and compared with raw materials in terms of phenolic compounds content, antioxidant activity as well as cytotoxicity to human tumor cells isolated from the gastric mucosa (Hs476T cell line), colon (Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines), and normal cells isolated from the small intestine and colon epithelium (IEC-6 and NCM460 cell lines). It was stated that high-temperature processes – thermal deproteinization and spray-drying – yielded products with increased antioxidant potential (TEAC) that also showed increased cytotoxic activity towards intestinal cancer cells. At the same time the cytotoxicity towards normal cells remained on par with that of fresh PJ (IEC-6 cells) or decreased (NCM460 cells). Thermal deproteinization significantly decreased the content of glycoalcaloids in the juice, while spray drying did not have such an effect. The two low-temperature processes investigated – cryoconcentration and freeze drying – did not affect the PJ cytotoxic activity towards any of the cell lines used in the tests, whereas they did affect the antioxidant properties and glycoalcaloids content of PJ.
Utility of procalcitonin for differentiating cryptogenic organising pneumonia from community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Ito Akihiro , Ishida Tadashi , Tachibana Hiromasa , Arita Machiko , Yamazaki Akio , Washio Yasuyoshi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of inflammatory biomarkers such as white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) for differentiating cryptogenic organising pneumonia (COP) from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods
COP patients hospitalised in Kurashiki Central Hospital between January 2010 and December 2017 whose WBC counts and CRP and PCT levels were measured were investigated retrospectively, and their results were compared with those of hospitalised CAP patients who were prospectively enrolled between October 2010 and November 2017. Definite COP was defined by specific histopathological findings, and possible COP was defined as a consolidation shadow on chest computed tomography and lymphocyte dominance in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the absence of specific histopathological findings or lung specimens. The discriminatory abilities of WBC counts, CRP and PCT were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results
There were 56 patients in the entire COP group, 35 (61.4%) with definite COP, and 914 CAP patients. All three biomarkers were significantly lower in COP than in CAP. The AUC value of PCT in all COP patients was 0.79, significantly higher than of both CRP (AUC 0.59, p < 0.001) and WBC (AUC 0.69, p = 0.048). In definite COP patients, the AUC value of PCT was 0.79, which was also significantly higher than of both WBC (AUC 0.64, p = 0.006) and CRP (AUC 0.64, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
PCT is a more useful biomarker for differentiating COP from CAP than WBC count or CRP. However, PCT should be used as an adjunct to clinical presentation and radiological findings.
Concerning “the Eurocentric African Problem” (Meschac Gaba)
Authors: Twitchin Mischa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Even as it is often eclipsed by reference to the “contemporary,” modernity is widely celebrated in European museums and galleries. When refracted through the commitments of an avowedly Black artistic agenda, how might these institutions reconceive their understanding of modernism in light of African, diasporic, or Afropean perspectives? How might concerns with African agency be enacted in these cultural spaces as they project historical narratives and produce a “public” memory in their own image? What are the implications of the fact that critical resistance to modes of cultural appropriation may, nonetheless, reproduce a discourse that attempts to immunise itself from the association of modernism with colonialism? In the formation of modernist canons, what role might an example of African conceptual art have to play, even when consigned to a museum’s storage space? This paper explores such questions through the paradoxes engaged by Mechac Gaba’s reflections on his 1997-2002 project, “Museum for Contemporary African Art,” now owned by Tate Modern. In particular, it considers the dichotomy between “modern” and “traditional” as this has been constitutive of twentieth-century art history, informing a sense of the African presence within European museums. How might reference to the “contemporary” here relate to the potentials of decolonial cultural politics within such spaces?
Engaging Black European Spaces and Postcolonial Dialogues through Public Art: Yinka Shonibare’s Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle
Authors: Shirey Heather 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Yinka Shonibare’s Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle, installed on the Fourth Plinth of London’s Trafalgar Square from May 24, 2010, to January 30, 2012, temporarily transformed a space dominated by the 19th-century monumental sculpture of Lord Horatio Nelson, Britain’s most famous naval hero. When installed in Trafalgar Square, Shonibare’s model ship in a bottle, with its sails made of factory-printed textiles associated with West African and African-European identities, contrasted dramatically with the bronze and stone that otherwise demarcate traditional sculpture. Shonibare’s sculpture served to activate public space by way of its references to global identities and African diasporic culture. Shonibare’s Nelson’s Ship, this paper argues, inserted a black diasporic perspective into Trafalgar Square, offering a conspicuous challenge to the normative power that defines social and political space in Great Britain. The installation in Trafalgar Square was only temporary, however, and the work was later moved to the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, where it is on permanent display. This paper provides an investigation of the deeper historical references Shonibare made to the emergence of transnational identities in the 19th century and the continued negotiation of these identities today by considering the installation of Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle in relation to both sites.
Music at the Black Baltic Sea
Authors: Kärjä Antti-Ville 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Music is intimately implicated in racialising discourses. This is particularly pronounced in the case of so-called black music, i.e. the types of music that are commonly associated with African-American identity, most notably jazz and various forms of popular music. Genres of popular music are furthermore constructed continuously on the basis of a notion of their “black roots.” The idea of the “black roots” of jazz and popular music is an essential ingredient of Paul Gilroy’s (1993) analysis of a specific authenticity of blackness. To stress the history and consequences of the pre-twentieth century slave trade and institutionalised racism, Gilroy has coined the concept “Black Atlantic” that builds on the idea of a distinct double consciousness inherent in blackness as simultaneously a fundamental constituent and the ultimate other of the West. In the article, I aim at rethinking the notion of the Black Atlantic in relation to North-Eastern Europe. By way of marine analogy I ask, and building on the notions of the Black Pacific and the Black Mediterranean, how to formulate an analytical design “the Black Baltic Sea.” In addition to addressing the impact of global racialising tendencies in music, this entails considering the cultural dynamics at issue in relation to the dynamics of postsocialism in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) and Northern European indigeneity. On the basis of such a consideration, I argue that the styles of “black music” have been appropriated and adopted throughout the BSR, albeit in clearly different national manifestations which for their part imply variegated intersections between postcolonial and postsocialist processes. These intersections become manifest in the discourses over “new Europeanness” in music and the construction of national musical traditions, particularly when juxtaposed with the prevailing Islamophobia as regards treatments of Muslim music in mainstream media.
The Black Archives: Exploring the Politics of Black Dutch Radicals
Authors: Esajas Mitchell , de Abreu Jessica 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this article, the authors introduce “The Black Archives”—an alternative archive consisting of more than 8,000 books, official documents and artefacts. The archive is a critical intervention, challenging dominant historical narratives, which tend to downplay histories of colonialism, slavery and their legacy. The authors explore how archival research and art can be used to make visible the histories that have been marginalised in dominant historical narratives. This is done with a case study: an exhibition based on archival research on two Black radicals, Hermina and Otto Huiswoud. The research reveals the history of the black and Surinamese activism in the Netherlands which intersects with global histories of the black radicalism.
Emerging RNA-binding roles in the TRIM family of ubiquitin ligases
Authors: Williams Felix Preston , Haubrich Kevin , Perez-Borrajero Cecilia , Hennig Janosch 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTRIM proteins constitute a large, diverse and ancient protein family which play a key role in processes including cellular differentiation, autophagy, apoptosis, DNA repair, and tumour suppression. Mostly known and studied through the lens of their ubiquitination activity as E3 ligases, it has recently emerged that many of these proteins are involved in direct RNA binding through their NHL or PRY/SPRY domains. We summarise the current knowledge concerning the mechanism of RNA binding by TRIM proteins and its biological role. We discuss how RNA-binding relates to their previously described functions such as E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and we will consider the potential role of enrichment in membrane-less organelles.
Welchen Beitrag leistet die Moral für das sinnvolle Leben?
Authors: Kipke Roland , Rüther Markus 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Das sinnvolle Leben ist seit geraumer Zeit Gegenstand einer lebendigen internationalen Debatte. Dabei erhält neuerdings ein Aspekt zunehmende Aufmerksamkeit, welcher bisher weitestgehend ausgespart wurde: das Verhältnis zwischen Sinn und Moral. Einerseits wird das sinnvolle Leben oft deutlich von der Sphäre der Moral abgegrenzt, andererseits gilt moralisches Handeln vielen Autoren als integraler Bestandteil desselbigen. Doch wie genau trägt Moral zu einem sinnvollen Leben bei? Ist es notwendig, hinreichend, sogar beides? Oder ist es vielleicht doch irrelevant? Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die verschiedenen in der Debatte vorgeschlagenen Verhältnisbestimmungen, ihre Beziehungen untereinander sowie die wesentlichen Argumente dafür und dagegen.
Dynamics of two-species delayed competitive stage-structured model described by differential-difference equations
Authors: Han Sufang , Li Yaqin , Liu Guoxin , Xiong Lianglin , Zhang Tianwei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Overf the last few years, by utilizing Mawhin’s continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory and Lyapunov functional, many scholars have been concerned with the global asymptotical stability of positive periodic solutions for the non-linear ecosystems. In the real world, almost periodicity is usually more realistic and more general than periodicity, but there are scarcely any papers concerning the issue of the global asymptotical stability of positive almost periodic solutions of non-linear ecosystems. In this paper we consider a kind of delayed two-species competitive model with stage structure. By means of Mawhin’s continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of at least one positive almost periodic solutions for the above model with nonnegative coefficients. Furthermore, the global asymptotical stability of positive almost periodic solution of the model is also studied. The work of this paper extends and improves some results in recent years. An example and simulations are employed to illustrate the main results of this paper.
Fast fabrication of silver helical metamaterial with single-exposure femtosecond laser photoreduction
Authors: Liu Lipu , Yang Dong , Wan Weiping , Yang Hong , Gong Qihuang , Li Yan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Metallic helical metamaterials have become the prominent candidates for circular polarizers and other optical-chiral devices as they exhibit strong circular dichroism at a broad operation bandwidth. However, the rapid fabrication of an intertwined double helix with multiple pitch numbers and excellent mechanical strength, electrical conductivity and surface smoothness remains a challenge. We propose and realize the single-exposure femtosecond laser photoreduction of a freestanding, three-dimensional silver double-helix microstructure by the double-helix focal field intensity engineered with a spatial light modulator. At the same time, the photoreduction solution and the laser repetition rate are optimized to further tackle the surface roughness and the thermal flow problems. As a result, the silver double-helix array with the enhanced quality exhibits pronounced optical chirality in a wide wavelength range from 3.5 to 8.5 μm. This technique paves a novel way to easily and rapidly fabricate metallic metamaterials for chiro-optical devices in the mid-infrared regime.
Effect of Surface Roughness on CO2 Laser Absorption by 316L Stainless Steel and Aluminum
Authors: Ahmed Obeidi M. , McCarthy E. , Ubani S. I. , Ul Ahad I. , Brabazon D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The roughness of a material’s surface is a significant factor affecting the absorption of energy when scanned with laser beam radiation. It is a robust variable affecting the entire laser process cost and the appropriate levels for the laser processing parameters, such as the power applied. It is thus an important factor for many processes, such as laser cutting, welding, roughening, and polishing. As such, an examination of the effect of roughness on laser absorption is desirable to determine how input parameters, such as power, must be adjusted when working with different roughness and the potential power savings of roughening samples, or eliminating polishing or finishing steps, before laser processing. In this study, a comparison of the effect of the surface roughness of flat 316L stainless steel and aluminum samples on the thermal energy absorbed in laser processing was investigated. The aim was to characterize the effect and identify the potential energy savings. Samples were processed as received and either polished or roughened, such that there were five different roughness levels for each material. Individual carbon dioxide laser shots were applied with large unprocessed gaps in order to allow clear investigation of the crater depth dimensions. The width, length, and depth of the craters were measured by both scanning electron microscope and three-dimensional microscope, with larger dimensions indicating a greater absorption of the laser energy. The expected outcome of the study was confirmed, finding a noticeable improvement in the absorbed energy on the rougher surfaces for both materials, with a saving of ∼62 % in the laser power applied when the aluminum surface roughness increased from 2.4 μm to 7.03 μm.
Understanding Flow Behavior and Microstructure Evolution during Thermomechanical Processing of Mill-Annealed Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy
Authors: Jha Jyoti S. , Toppo Suraj P. , Singh Rajkumar , Tewari Asim , Mishra Sushil K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Titanium alloy in the mill-annealed condition has a significant store of energy because it is not fully recrystallized and the grains possess a very high dislocation density. It is well established that the extent of softening mechanisms like dynamic recrystallization/recovery (DRX/DRV) are dependent on the stored energy during hot deformation. In this case, stored energy in the prior worked material may facilitate the softening. The hot deformation behavior of mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V is studied by hot compression tests in the temperature range of 750°C–950°C and strain rate (ε˙) range of 0.001–10 s−1 for 60 % deformation. The true stress-strain curve of the compression tests exhibits the variation in flow stress (σ) characteristics in a wide range of temperature and strain rate (T,ε˙). The activation energy calculated from the phenomenological constitutive equation is significantly higher than the self-diffusion activation energy, which suggests DRX as the main softening process. However, α → β phase transformation below the β-transition temperature during hot deformation substantiates the occurrence of a mechanism other than DRX. In the lower temperature regime T(&lt; 850°C), softening is caused by the DRX process at a lower deformation rate ε˙ (&lt; 0.01 s−1), whereas at a higher deformation rate, the grains are more deformed with very high grain average misorientation. In the high temperature regime, where α → β phase transformation is very pertinent, it subsequently forms the transformed microstructure. The processing map shows the highest efficiency in the lower ε˙ and temperature regime, whereas the least efficiency with instability is observed at high ε˙. Microstructure analyses reveal that the DRX/DRV and phase transformation–assisted microstructure evolution in mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V are the major deformation mechanisms.
An autoimmune cause of confusion in a patient with a background of hypothyroidism
Authors: Brown Jonathan , Sardar Luqman 
Published: May 2019

Summary
A 68-year-old previously independent woman presented multiple times to hospital over the course of 3 months with a history of intermittent weakness, vacant episodes, word finding difficulty and reduced cognition. She was initially diagnosed with a TIA, and later with a traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage following a fall; however, despite resolution of the haemorrhage, symptoms were ongoing and continued to worsen. Confusion screen blood tests showed no cause for the ongoing symptoms. More specialised investigations, such as brain imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, electroencephalogram and serology also gave no clear diagnosis. The patient had a background of hypothyroidism, with plasma thyroid function tests throughout showing normal free thyroxine and a mildly raised thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). However plasma anti-thyroid peroxidise (TPO) antibody titres were very high. After discussion with specialists, it was felt she may have a rare and poorly understood condition known as Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE). After a trial with steroids, her symptoms dramatically improved and she was able to live independently again, something which would have been impossible at presentation.

Learning points:

In cases of subacute onset confusion where most other diagnoses have already been excluded, testing for anti-thyroid antibodies can identify patients potentially suffering from HE.

In these patients, and under the guidance of specialists, a trial of steroids can dramatically improve patient’s symptoms.

The majority of patients are euthyroid at the time of presentation, and so normal thyroid function tests should not prevent anti-thyroid antibodies being tested for.

Due to high titres of anti-thyroid antibodies being found in a small percentage of the healthy population, HE should be treated as a diagnosis of exclusion, particularly as treatment with steroids may potentially worsen the outcome in other causes of confusion, such as infection.
The morphological and functional characteristics of the pineal gland
Authors: Gheban Bogdan Alexandru , Rosca Ioana Andreea , Crisan Maria 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The pineal gland is a photo-neuro-endocrine organ situated inside the brain, that secretes serotonin, melatonin and N,N-dymethyltriptamine. This narrative review will address the latest information gathered on this function of the gland as well as the unknown roles it may have. The different histological and pathological findings of the pineal gland have demonstrated a role in clinical manifestations of numerous endocrine, neurological and psychiatric pathologies.
Materials. For this narrative review we used the NCBI website database PubMed. The search terms were “Pineal Gland” AND/OR “histology, melatonin, DMT, pathology”. Total number of articles included were 86.
Results: We have reviewed physiological information of melatonin and DMT, anatomical, histological and histopathological information on the pineal gland and its role in endocrine, neurological and psychiatric pathology.
Conclusion. The role of melatonin in immunity and its potential therapeutic effects show promising potential for further research. DMT seems to have a role in psychiatric pathology and potential therapeutic effects. Proper tumoral screening and diagnostic protocol are required.
O problema da razão dos animais a partir da perspectiva neoplatônica
Authors: Amaral Ronaldo 
Published: May 2019

Os pensadores antigos deixaram uma extensa e variada historiografia acerca do estudo sobre os animais, e a contemporaneidade a recobrou. Na tardia antiguidade, abundantes pesquisas a partir de Plutarco e, em menor número, desde Porfirio, ambos autores de tratados específicos sobre o tema, devem ser ressaltadas. A existência ou não de razão nos animais ou, de outro lado, a discussão e demonstração afirmativa desta, embora fundada em uma natureza e certa dinâmica psicofísica singular à humana, mas nunca quanto a sua essencialidade mesma, cujo princípio é metafísico e uno, constituem alguns dos argumentos abordados. No entanto, em relação a este segundo aspecto, que toca a própria questão da Alma e, como seu corolário, a dinâmica uno-múltiplo nos seres fenomênicos, pouco se disse. Como acreditamos que o estudo sobre a alma seja essencial a nossa discussão, ela é o nosso foco neste estudo.
Refugiados, desplazados e inmigrantes económicos. El caso de la dignidad
Authors: Loewe Daniel 
Published: May 2019

El artículo analiza cómo se relaciona la premisa normativa de la dignidad humana con la evaluación del fenómeno migratorio. Para aquello, da cuenta de una concepción de dignidad humana que no recurre a presupuestos naturalistas ni supraempíricos, y presenta tres alternativas diferentes para otorgarle contenido normativo en base a un umbral suficientarista (la teoría de las relaciones internacionales de Rawls, la sociedad decente de Margalit, y el enfoque en las capacidades de Nussbaum). Desde estas perspectivas, se sostiene que el trato corriente que se da a los refugiados, a los desplazados medioambientales y a los inmigrantes económicos, amenaza su dignidad y debe, por tanto, dar paso a otros modos de hacer frente al fenómeno migratorio.