bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiologic and Pathologic Development of the Infantile and Adolescent Hip Joint: Descriptive and Functional Aspects
Authors: Heimkes Bernhard , Wegener Veronika , Birkenmaier Christof , Ziegler Christian M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe basic law of mechanobiology states that the external form and internal architecture of the skeleton and joints follow the functional stimuli that act upon them. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging reflect the loading history of the growing child, enabling an experienced radiologist to analyze the clinical functioning of patients by interpreting imaging studies. Concerning the hip joint, the physes of the coxal femoral end, the coxal femoral epiphysis with its epiphyseal growth plate, as well as the apophysis of the greater trochanter with its trochanteric growth plate, are the essential organ structures subject to internal forces. They determine the definitive geometric shape of the proximal femur. Indirectly they influence the appearance of the acetabulum and the centration of the hip joint.
Vertebrae, Vertebral End Plates, and Disks: Concepts and Specific Pathologies
Authors: Gersing Alexandra S. , Woertler Klaus , Jungmann Pia M. , Bollwein Christine , Schwaiger Benedikt J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVertebral end plates cover the osseous vertebral body. The integrity of the cartilaginous end plates is of great importance for the entire vertebral segment because the vascularized end plate provides the nutrition for the avascular disk. Yet several pathologies may occur at these end plates at the embryonic stage, in childhood to adolescence (e.g., ossification and segmentation disorders of the spine, persistent notochord, slippage of the growth plate), as well as in the mature spine of an adult (degenerative disk disease), that may impact the integrity of the cartilaginous end plate and therefore lead to severe diseases of the spine. This article reviews specific congenital, developmental, and degenerative disorders of the vertebral end plate as well as both established and newly introduced imaging techniques, such as ultrashort echo time imaging based on magnetic resonance imaging, that are suitable for imaging of the end plate.
Plicae: Where Do They Come from and When Are They Relevant?
Authors: Wong Jenn Shiunn , Lalam Radhesh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSynovial plicae are vestigial folds of synovium in a joint, most widely recognized in the knee and also in the elbow and hip joints. The most commonly shared theory on the origin of plicae is that they are the remnants of the membranes that divide the synovial cavitations during normal joint development. Synovial folds do not generally cause any symptoms. However, they can become inflamed, thickened, fibrosed, and also impinged in the joint, leading to mechanical symptoms and chondral damage. This article presents an overview of the embryological origin of plicae, their anatomy, pathologies, and appearances on imaging. We also discuss the lesser known plicae in various other areas.
Immobilization of Urease on DEAE-Cellulose Strips for One Step Urea Detection
Authors: Kayastha Arvind M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUrease isolated from pigeonpeas was immobilized on 1 cm × 6 cm diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose strips. The optimum immobilization (55% activity) was observed at 4°C, with a protein concentration of 1 mg per strip at pH 6.5. Immobilized strips stored at 4°C showed an increased shelf-life and there was no leaching of enzyme from the immobilized strips for 6 months. Enzyme could be eluted on application of 0.2 M KCl in buffer, which showed that the binding of the enzyme was tight on DEAE-cellulose strips. These strips when used along with dye, phenol red (coimmobilized) gave different shades from light yellow to dark magenta depending upon the concentration of urea. The ease of immobilization of urease on DEAE-cellulose strips and easy availability of pigeonpeas urease described in the present study makes it a suitable product for potential applications in urea diagnostics.
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Prostate: An Update
Authors: Kapur Savinay , Das Chandan J. , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) has emerged as an important tool for the detection and characterization of prostatic lesions. It now plays a quintessential role in the surveillance, diagnosis, and staging of prostate cancer (PCa), as well as for the detection of local recurrence. As reliance on serum prostate-specific antigen has declined in the recent times, mp-MRI has emerged as the go-to tool for urologists all over the world. Hence, for the clinician, it has become necessary to be well versed with the technique, image interpretation, and fallacies of mp-MRI. Since mp-MRI has the advantage of better contrast resolution, combining PSMA PET (prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography) with MRI could provide additional functional information. However, due to the absence of enough evidence supporting its routine use, mp-MRI still has the unsurpassed role in the initial diagnosis and local staging of PCa.
Top-Ten Tips for Ultrasound-Guided Joint Injection
Authors: Lee Ryan Ka Lok , Griffith James F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUltrasound-guided joint injection is more accurate than palpation-guided injection and performed more frequently. Joint injection is helpful for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes as well as for injecting contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography arthrography. Ultrasound-guided joint injection helps ensure intra-articular injection and minimizes injury to para-articular soft tissues.
Osteonecrosis of the Upper Extremity: MRI-Based Zonal Patterns and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Schmitt Rainer , Kalb K.H. , Christopoulos G. , Grunz J.P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRegarding the upper extremity, osteonecrosis can relate to the humeral head and to any carpal bone, most commonly the lunate (Kienböck's disease), scaphoid (Preiser's disease and nonunion), and capitate bone (osteonecrosis of the capitate head). In children and adolescents, osteochondrosis is an important differential diagnosis at the epiphyses. Appropriate imaging of osteonecrosis depends on knowledge about blood supply, biomechanical load, and bone repair mechanisms. Contrast-enhanced MRI (ceMRI) enables the differentiation of up to three mostly band-shaped zones: necrotic tissue (proximal), hypervascular repair tissue (intermediate), and viable bone (distal). To distinguish between necrotic and repair zones, intravenous gadolinium is recommended in MRI. Osteosclerosis and insufficiency fractures in early and intermediate stages as well as osteoarthritis in advanced stages are best depicted using high-resolution CT (HRCT). The combination of HRCT and ceMRI allows for exact classification of osteonecrosis regarding morphology and viability.
Normal Variations and Pathologic Disorders of Chondrification and Ossification of the Foot and Related Diseases
Authors: Steinborn Marc , Glaser Christian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFormation of the skeletal elements of the foot involves different stages of development. Failure in segmentation of the cartilaginous plate is supposed to be the underlying mechanism leading to tarsal coalition. Variants or disorders in ossification might result in harmless osseous anomalies or symptomatic disease. When the ossification is almost completed, several secondary ossification centers start to ossify. They are usually incidental findings. In symptomatic patients they have to be differentiated from fractures or can be the source of complaints by themselves.
Clinical Practice of Palliative Care: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives
Authors: Saxena Ashok Kumar , Saxena Anupriya , Chopra Anand Kumar , Talwar Hazel , Bajaj Megha , Yadav Nitika 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPain is a distressing symptom having biological, psychological, and social consequences. A large number of cancer patients are in advanced stages of the disease and for these patients the only positive and realistic option is pain management and palliative care. These patients have complex needs that have to be taken care of in order to improve the quality of life of such patients and their family members. Surgical treatment along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the mainstay for the treatment of cancer, but these modalities also have limitations. The main aim behind palliative care is to allay the sufferings of a terminally ill patient by responding to pain using multimodal analgesia including opioids. According to WHO step ladder, other symptoms like breathlessness, fatigue, delirium etc., are also needed to be managed adequately along with psychosocial and spiritual support. Along with it patients and his family members should be well explained that palliative care is a multidimensional approach directed to the best possible care for that stage of their illness, which may not be curative in nature. There are multiple obstacles in the growth of palliative care in India. Nonetheless we have overcome many such hurdles and there has been a noticeable change regarding palliative care in the mindset of health care providers in the last 2 decades.
Health System Implementation of a Tobacco Quitline eReferral
Authors: Hood-Medland Eve Angeline , Stewart Susan L. , Nguyen Hien , Avdalovic Mark , MacDonald Scott , Zhu Shu-Hong , Mayoral Antonio , Tong Elisa K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Proactive referrals through electronic orders (eReferrals) can increase patient connection with tobacco quitlines. More information is needed on “real-world” implementation of electronic health record tools to promote tobacco cessation while minimizing provider burden.
Objectives This paper examines the health system implementation of an eReferral to a tobacco quitline without best practice alerts in primary care, specialty, and hospital settings in an academic health system.
Methods This is a prospective implementation study of a health system tobacco eReferral to a state quitline that was completed with an approach to minimize provider cognitive burden. Data are drawn from electronic health record data at University of California, Davis Health Systems (March 2013–February 2016).
Results Over 3 years, 16,083 encounters with smokers resulted in 1,137 eReferral orders (7.1%). Treatment reach was 1.6% for quitline services and 2.3% for outpatient group classes. While the group classes were offered to outpatient smokers, the eReferral order was included in an outpatient order set and eventually an automated inpatient discharge order set; no provider alerts were implemented. Referrals were sustained and doubled after inpatient order set implementation. Among all first time eReferral patients, 12.2% had a 6 to 12 month follow-up visit at which they were documented as nonsmoking.
Conclusion This study demonstrates a quitline eReferral order can be successfully implemented and sustained with minimal promotion, without provider alerts and in conjunction with group classes. Reach and effectiveness were similar to previously described literature.
Allele-specific nonstationarity in evolution of influenza A virus surface proteins
Authors: Popova Anfisa V. , Safina Ksenia R. , Ptushenko Vasily V. , Stolyarova Anastasia V. , Favorov Alexander V. , Neverov Alexey D. , Bazykin Georgii A. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Control of rapidly evolving pathogens requires prediction of evolution. One obstacle to such predictions is the ever-changing environment, which determines strain fitness. Here, we show that fitness conferred by an amino acid variant at surface proteins of influenza A virus changes systematically with time since this variant appeared. The direction of this change depends on its functional role. At antigenic regions, variants become less fit with time. Conversely, variants at internal regions become more fit with time. This dynamic can be explained by a simple model: while the fitness of amino acids deeply embedded in the protein increases due to substitutions elsewhere, that of amino acids exposed to the immune system drops as herd immunity adapts to them.
Nusselt number and friction factor behaviour of circular wavy transverse ribs artificially roughened solar air heater
Authors: Chandel Sheshang S , Verma Ajay , Paulraj Maheandera Prabu , Sahu Santosh Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present study deals about the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviours of circular wavy wall transverse rib artificially roughened SAH. The circular wavy ribs are used in the solar air (SAH) heater with different undulation (N) and constant amplitude (A) below absorbing plate at testing zone for the present numerical investigation. Heat transfer behaviour varies about number of undulation with the intention that the optimum undulation of circular wavy wall transverse rib is necessary for better performance of SAH. The FLUENT v 14.5 is used to solve the governing equations (mass, momentum and energy). The RNG (k- ε) model is utilized to capture the turbulent effects and also the SIMPLE algorithm is used to couple the pressure and velocity. The geometrical parameter, pitch (p/e) ranges from 7.14 to 14.28 and relative roughened height (e/D) ranges from 0.021 to 0.042 are taken. The Reynolds numbers (Re) is varied between 3800 and 18000 for the constant heat (q) flux of plate 1000 W/m2. The results, Nusselt number (Nur/Nus) enhancement, and friction (fr/fs) factor performance are presented.
Performance evaluation of compound parabolic concentrator with evacuated tube heat pipe
Authors: Vijayakumar P. , Kumaresan G. , Anish kumar S. , Mohamed Faizal U. , Vijay Chandran G.R. , Vishnu Adharsh K.S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe keen interest of harvesting solar energy is increasing because of its clean, green and cheap nature. The pv modules collect the energy from the sun and produce electricity. The solar thermal collectors collect the solar energy in the form of heat. Compound parabolic concentrator is a type of solar thermal collector, which has a combined parabolic structure concentrating the solar radiation on a single line focus where the receiver tube is placed. The performance can be further increased by placing the evacuated tube, which traps the heat. The heat is efficiently conducted by using the heat pipe. A heat pipe is a heat-transfer device that transfer the heat between two solid interfaces. It combines the principles of both thermal conductivity and phase transition. The experimental study is carried out to find out the performance characteristics. The results according to the various parameters such as mass flow rate, tilting angles were plotted to find the better performance. The result shows that the maximum efficiency of the CPC is achieved between 12.00hrs. and 15.00hrs. The intensity of radiation during maximum efficiency is 1000 W/m2to 1050 W/m2.
Performance analysis of solar assisted vapour Jet refrigeration system with regenerator (CRMC method)
Authors: Sathiya Prakash P , Kalaisselvane A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There are various forms of low-grade thermal energies that could all be useful in powering an ejector refrigeration system. Effective utilization of low-grade thermal energy is feasible from many available sources from industrial areas, solar and the automobile exhausts etc, . The normal Vapour Jet Refrigeration system is compared with the efficient Vapour Jet Refrigeration system fitted with a solar assisted regenerative heat exchanger unit. The ejectoris designed using Constant Rate Momentum change (CRMC) methodology to enhance the Coefficient of Performance by the usage of the refrigerant R134a as the working medium. The ejector cycle has been recognized as the promising technology for utilization of solar energy for cooling. The heat absorbed by the solar flat plate collector is partially used to heat refrigerant in the ejector cycle. Study on the effect of refrigerant temperature due to heat provided by boiler and solar flat plate in the Vapour Jet Refrigeration system on Coefficient of Performance, pumping power, entrainment ratio, diffuser outlet temperature & heat rejected at condenser is carried out. Simulation of ejector designed through Constant Rate Momentum change (CRMC) methodology is done using FLUENT software.
Optimal Energy Scheduling of Renewable Energy Sources in Smart Grid using Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm with Enhanced Local Search
Authors: Antonyraj S , Giftson Samuel G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The emerging trend of micro grid enabled technologies with renewable energy sources are used to satisfy the high demand of energy requirement and are preferred over conventional energy sources. However, it has disadvantages like uncertainty in energy on hand with renewable energy sources and unpredictable demand. Optimal scheduling of power generation among the available renewable energy sources is necessary to achieve minimum cost of energy generation with consideration of power loss. In this work, we have used Cuckoo search optimization algorithm with enhanced local search using Tabu search for optimal energy scheduling. This approach is compared with other evolutionary algorithm and existing approaches and results show that our proposed approach performs well.
Production of biodiesel from Aegle marmelos correa seed oil for fuel cell application
Authors: Thangarasu Vinoth , Ramanathan Anand 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Energy acting an important role in the development of any country. In an emerging country like India, energy plays an important role to fulfil the energy demand by the industry as well as society. Each year there is an increase in demand for energy. Currently, most of the demand for energy is filled with a petrol-based product that creates the problem of sustainable supply of energy and increasing problems like, pollution, global warming, etc. The huge quantities of energy require a huge amount of fuel, spending this huge amount of fuel across the world have adverse effects on the environment which cannot be altered after damage being done. Energy production from fossil fuel is the main reason for environmental degradation which effects on human health, disturbs the ecological equilibrium and biotic diversity. There is a requirement of the alternate and renewable source to tackle the energy demand as well as keeping a safe environment. Bioenergy productions from biofuels have emerged as one of the most popular sources. The biofuels are a promising, renewable and eco-friendly source of energy that can replace fossil. To avoid the effects of growing energy demand on the environment, human life in near future and satisfy present energy demand, these biofuels have the potential to provide energy services with almost zero emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. This paper aims at emphasizing the production of biodiesel from Aegle marmelos Correa seed oil. Maximum biodiesel yield of 95% was obtained using a potassium hydroxide catalyst. Physical and chemical properties of biodiesel were determined as per American Society for Testing Method D6751 standards. It can be concluded that biodiesel produced from Aegle marmelos Correa seed oil can be another energy source to substitute the petroleum diesel fuel. Further, AMC biodiesel can be a promising source to produce hydrogen for fuel cell application.
Experimental Investigation of Drying Potato for Karaikal Climatic Condition
Authors: Natarajan Sendhil Kumar , Elavarasan E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Vegetables play an important and irreplaceable role in the human beings daily life and other living animals on the planet. Henceforth, wastage of vegetables should be kept away by developing techniques for conservation and preservation of vegetables to an extended period. In this article, a double slope solar dryer was designed and fabricated at the terrace of the science block, NIT Puducherry, Karaikal. The decrease in the wetness content of specimens in the double slope solar dryer was empirically inspected for Karaikal climatic conditions. The effect of double slope natural convective based solar dryer in drying of potato compared with open sun drying operation adjacent each other in similar condition. Experiments were carried out to determine the dryer surface temperatures, air temperature, and the percentages of the wet basis wetness content from 11.00 am to 6.00 pm for two days. In the investigation, it was clear that designed and fabricated double slope natural convective solar powered dryer removed the high wetness content about 52.29% and in open drying technique it removed wetness content of 42.99% from the potato slices on first day. On second day similar weighted samples were investigated wetness removed by solar dryer is 51% and 43.92% in open drying. So developed solar dryer removed high amount wetness content and quality of dried potato slices was high when compared to open sun dehydrating. Accordingly, the developed double slope natural convective based solar dryer can be effectively utilized to dry the vegetable samples.
Numerical Validation and Study of Particulate Flow in Cyclone Separator using Commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics Code
Authors: Mutha Mayuresh , Katkamwar Vineet , Thirunavukkarasu Bageerathan , Thundil Karuppa Raj R , Sivamurugan P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The cyclone separator is widely used for particle separation in industries because of ease in manufacturing and maintenance free working capability. It has also been an automobile component used in air intake system. It’s necessary to understand the flow of air and particles inside the cyclone separator for the design of cyclone separator. Its performance depends upon operational and geometrical parameters. This study is focused on geometric parameter in which a numerical simulation has been carried out to understand the effect of air and particle flow on varying the cone height of cyclone separator using ANSYS 15.0. The analysis involves determining pressure drop at different inlet velocity with corresponding change in cone height of the cyclone separator. The results were obtained for different velocity condition with maximum of 8% of error. Moreover, collection efficiency for cyclone separator was also determined by varying particle size from 0.01 to 10 micron. Decreasing cyclone height led to increase in tangential velocity thus increasing the cyclone efficiency.
Heliotropism of solar PV using the 4-bar mechanism analysis
Authors: Desai Anuj Bimal , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Solar energy is the most abundant source of renewable energy upon which most conversions of energies could be possible. Solar tracking can be one method through which the energy reception could be increased. Heliotropism is a phenomenon that is observed in various botanical species like leaves, flowers, stems, etc, where there is reaction observed by various parts of the plant corresponding to a solar stimulus. The classic example of this phenomenon is the sunflower effect wherein the sunflower tends to orient itself towards the sun all throughout the day and receives maximum energy at its surface. Similarly, such an effect can be produced using the conventional four bar mechanism which would toggle around the spectrum of the sunlight received to at various positions at various durations of the day. This format of receiving energy would not only increase the quanta of packets being received on an average throughout the day but would also not waste the energy falling on the earth’s surface due to the misalignment of Photovoltaic (PV) cells usually installed in just one direction.