bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anhedonia in irritable bowel syndrome and in inflammatory bowel diseases and its relationship with abdominal pain
Authors: Carpinelli Luna , Bucci Cristina , Santonicola Antonella , Zingone Fabiana , Ciacci Carolina , Iovino Paola 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnhedonia is the lowered ability to experience pleasure from rewarding or enjoyable activities and is considered a symptom of depression. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are frequently accompanied by psychiatric disorders such as depression. However, to our knowledge, studies have yet to investigate the anhedonia in these patients. Our aim was to study the level of anhedonia in patients with IBD and IBS in comparison with healthy controls (HC), and to relate anhedonia levels with the severity of abdominal pain.MethodsWe consecutively recruited IBD and IBS patients. All patients fulfilled the Snaith‐Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), a self‐rating scale consisting of 14 items that cover the domains of social interaction, food, and drink, sensory experiences, achievement and pastimes, and the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) to screen for depression. Moreover, we calculated abdominal pain on a (0‐100) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in all patients.Key ResultsWe enrolled 120 patients (64 IBD and 56 IBS) and 81 HC. Among IBD patients, 34 had Crohn's disease and 30 ulcerative colitis. All patients as a whole had significantly higher SHAPS and BDI‐II scores than HC (1.3 ± 1.5 vs 0.8 ± 0.1; P = 0.01 and 10.4 ± 7.5 vs 5.9 ± 4.9; P < 0.001, respectively), while no significant differences were found among groups. SHAPS score showed a significant correlation in only a few statements of BDI‐II. In our cohort, a multivariate regression analysis showed that SHAPS score was significantly related to current abdominal pain (0‐100 VAS) (P = 0.03) independent of gender and age.Conclusions and InferencesThe level of anhedonia was higher in all patients compared to healthy controls. The more the subject is anhedonic, the higher the VAS scale for abdominal pain. This study suggests that anhedonia would need to be very carefully weighed in IBD and IBS patients.
A role for diacylglycerol kinase 4 in signalling crosstalk during Arabidopsis pollen tube growth
Authors: Vaz Dias Fernando , Serrazina Susana , Vitorino Miguel , Marchese Dario , Heilmann Ingo , Godinho Margarida , Rodrigues Mário , Malhó Rui 
Published: January 2019

Summary

Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) play a major role in the production of phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) and were implicated in endomembrane trafficking and signalling cascades. In plants, the role of DGKs is less clear, as PtdOH seems to arise mostly from phospholipase D activity. Here, we investigated the function of the Arabidopsis gene encoding DGK4, which is highly expressed in pollen.

In vitro, pollen tubes from homozygous dgk4 plants showed normal morphology, but reduced growth rate and altered stiffness and adhesion properties (revealed by atomic force microscopy). In vivo, dgk4 pollen was able to fertilize wild‐type ovules, but self‐pollination in dgk4 plants led to fewer seeds and shorter siliques. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the dgk4 mutation affects not only the male germ line but also the vegetative tissue.

DGK4‐green fluorescent protein fusion imaging revealed a cytosolic localization with a slightly higher signal in the subapical or apical region. dgk4 pollen tubes were found to exhibit perturbations in membrane recycling, and lipid analysis revealed a minor increase of PtdOH concomitant with decreased phosphatidylcholine, compared with wild‐type.

In vitro, DGK4 was found to exhibit kinase and guanylyl cyclase activity. Quantitative PCR data revealed downregulation of genes related to actin dynamics and phosphoinositide metabolism in mutant pollen, but upregulation of the DGK6 isoform. Altogether, these results are discussed considering a role of DGK4 in signalling cross‐talk.
The basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor, OsPIL15, regulates grain size via directly targeting a purine permease gene OsPUP7 in rice
Authors: Ji Xin , Du Yanxiu , Li Fei , Sun Hongzheng , Zhang Jing , Li Junzhou , Peng Ting , Xin Zeyu , Zhao Quanzhi 
Published: January 2019

SummaryAs members of the basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor families, phytochrome‐interacting factors regulate an array of developmental responses ranging from seed germination to plant growth. However, little is known about their roles in modulating grain development. Here, we firstly analyzed the expression pattern of rice OsPIL genes in grains and found that OsPIL15 may play an important role in grain development. We then generated knockout (KO) OsPIL15 lines in rice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the silencing expression of OsPIL15 led to increased numbers of cells, which thus enhanced grain size and weight. Moreover, overexpression and suppression of OsPIL15 in the rice endosperm resulted in brown rice showing grain sizes and weights that were decreased and increased respectively. Further studies indicated that OsPIL15 binds to N1‐box (CACGCG) motifs of the purine permease gene OsPUP7 promoter. Measurement of isopentenyl adenosine, a bioactive form of cytokinin (CTK), revealed increased contents in the OsPIL15‐KO spikelets compared with the wild‐type. Overall, our results demonstrate a possible pathway whereby OsPIL15 directly targets OsPUP7, affecting CTK transport and thereby influencing cell division and subsequent grain size. These findings provide a valuable insight into the molecular functions of OsPIL15 in rice grains, highlighting a useful genetic improvement leading to increased rice yield.
Reforming regulatory relationships: The impact of medical revalidation on doctors, employers, and the General Medical Council in the United Kingdom
Authors: Tazzyman Abigail , Bryce Marie , Ferguson Jane , Walshe Kieran , Boyd Alan , Price Tristan , Tredinnick‐Rowe John 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn 2012, medical regulation in the United Kingdom was fundamentally changed by the introduction of revalidation – a process by which all licensed doctors are required to regularly demonstrate that they are up to date and fit to practice in their chosen field and are able to provide a good level of care. This paper examines the implications of revalidation on the structure, governance, and performance management of the medical profession, as well as how it has changed the relationships between the regulator, employer organizations, and the profession. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with clinical and non‐clinical staff from a range of healthcare organizations. Our research suggests that organizations have become intermediaries in the relationship between the General Medical Council and doctors, enacting regulatory processes on its behalf and extending regulatory surveillance and oversight at local level. Doctors’ autonomy has been reduced as they have become more accountable to and reliant on the organizations that employ them.
Healthcare professionals and volunteers education in palliative care to promote the best practice–an integrative review
Authors: Teixeira Maria João C. , Alvarelhão Joaquim , Neri de Souza Dayse , Teixeira Helena J. C. , Abreu Wilson , Costa Nilza , Machado Flávia A. B. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundFamily caregivers’ empowerment can assume strategic importance in palliative care. Healthcare professionals and volunteers have been showing significant gaps in this field. Hence, education has been advocated as an effective strategy to fill this gap. While several educational initiatives exist, a comprehensive evidence synthesis on the effectiveness of educational training on healthcare professionals and volunteers is lacking.AimsAn integrative review was conducted to explore worldwide initiatives, aiming to improve healthcare professionals and volunteers’ competence in a palliative care setting especially in relation to the family caregiver.MethodA scoping literature review was conducted with systematic searches in multiple databases – REDALYC, CINAHL, SCIELO, EBSCO, ERIC and MEDLINE since January 2012. Studies were selected based on programmes content and its impact evaluation. Four researchers assessed the studies regarding their eligibility with reference to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.FindingsTwenty‐two studies met the eligibility criteria. Multi‐professional learning was reported, emphasising nurses and physician's enrolment. Only few studies showed participants’ learning outcomes. Inconsistencies in delivery mode and duration were identified. Impact evaluations were heterogeneous and relied on no validated instruments. Family caregiver's content was addressed only in three initiatives.ConclusionsFurther research is needed using a more reliable design, mode of delivery and impact measurement of educational training. In addition, more initiatives associated with cost‐effectiveness, shorter‐ and longer‐term clinical impact are needed. Despite the strides already made towards the establishment of an evidence base for healthcare professionals in the field of palliative care, either greater consideration is required for family care providers in the education of healthcare professionals and respect for the cultural diversity.
Cultural sensitivity in paediatric nursing care: a concept analysis using the Hybrid method
Authors: Aghajari Parvaneh , Valizadeh Leila , Zamanzadeh Vahid , Ghahramanian Akram , Foronda Cynthia 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundCultural sensitivity is a core concept to establish awareness and knowledge about various ethnicities, cultures, genders and additional diversity characteristics to understand individual's requests and respond appropriately to them. A need for further development of the concept is warranted, especially in the context of paediatric nursing.AimsThe purpose of this paper was to determine the main elements of cultural sensitivity in the context of paediatric nursing in Iran.MethodsThe Hybrid method was implemented consisting of three phases: theoretical, fieldwork and final analysis. In the theoretical phase, articles from 2007 to 2017 were reviewed for relevance. In the phase of fieldwork, 25 nurses and nine parents were interviewed to explore the aspects of cultural sensitivity in paediatric nursing. The interviews were transcribed, and content analysis was conducted. In the final phase, an overall analysis of the two previous phases was performed.ResultsIn the theoretical phase, the following attributes were determined: cultural encounter and awareness, acceptance of cultural diversity and designing programmes in accordance with family culture. The fieldwork phase explored three themes of intercultural encounters, intercultural communication and adapting the care plan with family culture. The final synthesis yielded that sensitivity to family requests and beliefs, effective intercultural communication and integration of family culture with the care plan are the main elements of cultural sensitivity in Iranian paediatric nursing.ConclusionWith a deeper understanding of the term cultural sensitivity, nurses will have a foundation to improve paediatric nursing care and align the care plan with the patient's culture to provide trust, child/parent participation, secure care, effective communication and satisfaction. Since the concepts are the building blocks that underpin theory, the present concepts identified can help to serve as the foundation for the development of a theoretical model.
Razor hamstring curl and Nordic hamstring exercise architectural adaptations: Impact of exercise selection and intensity
Authors: Pollard Christopher W. , Opar David A. , Williams Morgan D. , Bourne Matthew N. , Timmins Ryan G. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate knee flexor strength and biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architectural adaptations following two different Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) interventions and one razor hamstring curl (RHC) intervention.MethodsThirty recreationally active males performed a total of 128 reps of NHEbodyweight (n = 10), NHEweighted (n = 10), or RHCweighted training (n = 10) across 6 weeks. Following the intervention, participants avoided any eccentric training for 4 weeks (detraining period). Strength results during the NHE and RHC were recorded pre‐ and post‐intervention, as well as following detraining. Architectural characteristics of the BFlh were assessed weekly throughout the intervention and detraining periods.ResultsFor the NHEweighted group, NHE strength increased (+81N, P = 0.044, d = 0.90) and BFlh fascicles lengthened (+1.57 cm, P < 0.001, d = 1.41) after 6 weeks of training. After 1 week of detraining, BFlh fascicle lengths shortened, with the largest reductions seen in the NHEweighted group (−0.96 cm, P = 0.021, d = −0.90). Comparatively, BFlh fascicle length and NHE strength responses were moderate in the NHEbodyweight group and negligible in the RHCweighted group. The greatest RHC strength changes (+82N, P = 0.038, d = 1.15) were seen in the RHCweighted group.ConclusionsNHEweighted interventions induce large BFlh fascicle lengthening responses and these adaptations decay after just 1 week of detraining. NHEbodyweight training has a moderate impact on BFlh architecture while the RHCweighted group has the least. Weighted NHE and RHC training promoted exercise‐specific increases in strength. These findings suggest that exercise selection and intensity should be considered when prescribing exercises aiming to increase eccentric strength and BFlh fascicle length.
Comprehensive overview of computer-based health information tailoring: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Kamel Ghalibaf Azadeh , Nazari Elham , Gholian-Aval Mahdi , Tara Mahmood 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo explore the scope of the published literature on computer-tailoring, considering both the development and the evaluation aspects, with the aim of identifying and categorising main approaches and detecting research gaps, tendencies and trends.SettingOriginal researches from any country and healthcare setting.ParticipantsPatients or health consumers with any health condition regardless of their specific characteristics.MethodA systematic scoping review was undertaken based on the York’s five-stage framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. Five leading databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, EBSCO and IEEE for articles published between 1990 and 2017. Tailoring concept was investigated for three aspects: system design, information delivery and evaluation. Both quantitative (ie, frequencies) and qualitative (ie, theme analysis) methods have been used to synthesis the data.ResultsAfter reviewing 1320 studies, 360 articles were identified for inclusion. Two main routes were identified in tailoring literature including public health research (64%) and computer science research (17%). The most common facets used for tailoring were sociodemographic (73 %), target behaviour status (59%) and psycho-behavioural determinants (56%), respectively. The analysis showed that only 13% of the studies described the tailoring algorithm they used, from which two approaches revealed: information retrieval (12%) and natural language generation (1%). The systematic mapping of the delivery channel indicated that nearly half of the articles used the web (57%) to deliver the tailored information; printout (19%) and email (10%) came next. Analysis of the evaluation approaches showed that nearly half of the articles (53%) used an outcome-based approach, 44% used process evaluation and 3% assessed cost-effectiveness.ConclusionsThis scoping review can inform researchers to identify the methodological approaches of computer tailoring. Improvements in reporting and conduct are imperative. Further research on tailoring methodology is warranted, and in particular, there is a need for a guideline to standardise reporting.
Examining reliability of WHOBARS: a tool to measure the quality of administration of WHO surgical safety checklist using generalisability theory with surgical teams from three New Zealand hospitals
Authors: Medvedev Oleg N , Merry Alan F , Skilton Carmen , Gargiulo Derryn A , Mitchell Simon J , Weller Jennifer M 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo extend reliability of WHO Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale (WHOBARS) to measure the quality of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist administration using generalisability theory. In this context, extending reliability refers to establishing generalisability of the tool scores across populations of teams and raters by accounting for the relevant sources of measurement errors.DesignCross-sectional random effect measurement design assessing surgical teams by the five items on the three Checklist phases, and at three sites by two trained raters simultaneously.SettingThe data were collected in three tertiary hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand in 2016 and included 60 teams observed in 60 different cases with an equal number of teams (n=20) per site. All elective and acute cases (adults and children) involving surgery under general anaesthesia during normal working hours were eligible.ParticipantsThe study included 243 surgical staff members, 138 (50.12%) women.Main outcome measureAbsolute generalisability coefficient that accounts for variance due to items, phases, sites and raters for the WHOBARS measure of the quality of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist administration.ResultsThe WHOBARS in its present form has demonstrated good generalisability of scores across teams and raters (G absolute=0.83). The largest source of measurement error was the interaction between the surgical team and the rater, accounting for 16.7% (95% CI 16.4 to 16.9) of the total variance in the data. Removing any items from the WHOBARS led to a decrease in the overall reliability of the instrument.ConclusionsAssessing checklist administration quality is important for promoting improvement in its use, and WHOBARS offers a reliable approach for doing this.
Socioeconomic status and pulmonary function, transition from childhood to adulthood: cross-sectional results from the polish part of the HAPIEE study
Authors: Polak Maciej , Szafraniec Krystyna , Kozela Magdalena , Wolfshaut-Wolak Renata , Bobak Martin , Pająk Andrzej 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivePrevious studies have reported inverse associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and lung function, but less is known about whether pulmonary function is affected by SES changes. We aimed to describe the relationship of changes of SES between childhood and adulthood with pulmonary function.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsThe study sample included 4104 men and women, aged 45–69 years, residents of Krakow, participating in the Polish part of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe Project.Main outcomeForced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were assessed by the standardised spirometry procedure. Participants were classified into three categories of SES (low, moderate or high) based on information on parent’s education, housing standard during childhood, own education, employment status, household amenities and financial status.ResultsThe adjusted difference in mean FVC between persons with low and high adulthood SES was 100 mL (p=0.005) in men and 100 mL (p<0.001) in women; the differences in mean FEV1were 103 mL (p<0.001) and 80 mL (p<0.001), respectively. Upward social mobility and moderate or high SES at both childhood and adulthood were related to significantly higher FEV1and FVC compared with low SES at both childhood and adulthood or downward social mobility.ConclusionsLow SES over a life course was associated with the lowest lung function. Downward social mobility was associated with a poorer pulmonary function, while upward mobility or life course and moderate or high SES were associated with a better pulmonary function.
Collecting sexual orientation and gender identity information in the emergency department : the divide between patient and provider perspectives
Authors: Kodadek Lisa M , Peterson Susan , Shields Ryan Y , German Danielle , Ranjit Anju , Snyder Claire , Schneider Eric , Lau Brandyn D , Haider Adil H 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundIn the USA, The Joint Commission and Institute of Medicine have called for collection of patient sexual orientation (SO) and gender identity (GI) information in healthcare. In a recent study, we reported that ED clinicians believe patients will refuse to provide this information; however, very few patients say they would refuse to provide SO/GI. As part of this study, we interviewed patients and providers regarding the importance of collecting this information. While these interviews were briefly summarised in our prior report, the qualitative data warranted a more thorough analysis and exposition to explore provider and patient views as well as risks and benefits of collecting SO/GI.MethodsA purposive sample of 79 participants was recruited for semi-structured interviews between August 2014 and January 2015. Participants included community members who had a previous ED encounter and ED providers from 3 community and 2 academic centres in a major US metropolitan area. Interviews were conducted one-on-one in person, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method.ResultsFifty-three patients and 26 ED providers participated. Patients perceived collection of SO/GI to be important in most clinical circumstances because SO/GI is relevant to their identity and allows providers to treat the whole person. However, many providers felt SO/GI was not relevant in most clinical circumstances because similar care is provided to all patients regardless of SO/GI. Patients and providers agreed there are risks associated with collecting SO/GI in the ED.ConclusionsED clinicians do not perceive routine collection of SO/GI to be medically relevant in most circumstances. However, patients feel routine SO/GI collection allows for recognition of individual identity and improved therapeutic relationships in the ED. These discordant perspectives may be hindering patient-centred care, especially for sexual and gender minority patients.
Early weight loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: outcome relevance and clinical correlates in a population-based cohort
Authors: Moglia Cristina , Calvo Andrea , Grassano Maurizio , Canosa Antonio , Manera Umberto , D'Ovidio Fabrizio , Bombaci Alessandro , Bersano Enrica , Mazzini Letizia , Mora Gabriele , Chiò Adriano 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the role of body mass index (BMI) and of the rate of weight loss as prognostic factors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to explore the clinical correlates of weight loss in the early phases of the disease.MethodsThe study cohort included all ALS patients in Piemonte/Valle d’Aosta in the 2007–2011 period. Overall survival and the probability of death/tracheostomy at 18 months (logistic regression model) were calculated.ResultsOf the 712 patients, 620 (87.1%) were included in the study. Patients ’ survival was related to the mean monthly percentage of weight loss at diagnosis (p<0.0001), but not to pre-morbid BMI or BMI at diagnosis. Spinal onset patients with dysphagia at diagnosis had a median survival similar to bulbar onset patients. About 20% of spinal onset patients without dysphagia at diagnosis had severe weight loss and initial respiratory impairment, and had a median survival time similar to bulbar onset patients.ConclusionsThe rate of weight loss from onset to diagnosis was found to be a strong and independent prognostic factor in ALS. Weight loss was mainly due to the reduction of nutritional intake related to dysphagia, but a subgroup of spinal onset patients without dysphagia at diagnosis had a severe weight loss and an outcome similar to bulbar patients. According to our findings, we recommend that in clinical trials patients should be stratified according to the presence of dysphagia at the time of enrolment and not by site of onset of symptoms.