bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Structured Argumentation with Conditional Preferences
Authors: Dung Phan Minh , Thang Phan Minh , Son Tran Cao 
Published: September 2019

We study defeasible knowledge bases with conditional preferences (DKB). A DKB consists of a set of undisputed facts and a rule-based system that contains different types of rules: strict, defeasible, and preference. A major challenge in defining the semantics of DKB lies in determining how conditional preferences interact with the attack relations represented by rebuts and undercuts, between arguments.
We introduce the notions of preference attack relations as sets of attacks between preference arguments and the rebuts or undercuts among arguments as well as of preference attack relation assignments which map knowledge bases to preference attack relations. We present five rational properties (referred to as regular properties), the inconsistency-resolving, effective rebuts, context-independence, attack monotonicity and link-orientation properties generalizing the properties of the same names for the case of unconditional preferences.
Preference attack relation assignment are defined as regular if they satisfy all regular properties. We show that the set of regular assignments forms a complete lower semilattice whose least element is referred to as the canonical preference attack relation assignment. Canonical attack relation assignment represents the semantics of preferences in defeasible knowledge bases as intuitively, it could be viewed as being uniquely identified by the regular properties together with the principle of minimal removal of undesired attacks. We also present the normal preference attack relation assignment as an approximation of the canonical attack relation assignment.
Cost and Utilization of Lung Cancer End-of-Life Care Among Racial-Ethnic Minority Groups in the United States
Authors: Chen Yufan , Criss Steven D. , Watson Tina R. , Eckel Andrew , Palazzo Lauren , Tramontano Angela C. , Wang Ying , Mercaldo Nathaniel D. , Kong Chung Yin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The end-of-life period is a crucial time in lung cancer care. To have a better understanding of the racial-ethnic disparities in health care expenditures, access, and quality, we evaluated these disparities specifically in the end-of-life period for patients with lung cancer in the U.S.

Materials and Methods
We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database to analyze characteristics of lung cancer care among those diagnosed between the years 2000 and 2011. Linear and logistic regression models were constructed to measure racial-ethnic disparities in end-of-life care cost and utilization among non-Hispanic (NH) Asian, NH black, Hispanic, and NH white patients while controlling for other risk factors such as age, sex, and SEER geographic region.

Results
Total costs and hospital utilization were, on average, greater among racial-ethnic minorities compared with NH white patients in the last month of life. Among patients with NSCLC, the relative total costs were 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–1.33) for NH black patients, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.25–1.49) for NH Asian patients, and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.07–1.38) for Hispanic patients. Additionally, the odds of being admitted to a hospital for NH black, NH Asian, and Hispanic patients were 1.22 (95% CI, 1.15–1.30), 1.47 (95% CI, 1.32–1.63), and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.01–1.38) times that of NH white patients, respectively. Similar results were found for patients with SCLC.

Conclusion
Minority patients with lung cancer have significantly higher end-of-life medical expenditures than NH white patients, which may be explained by a greater intensity of care in the end-of-life period.
Voluntary Wheel Running Has Beneficial Effects in a Rat Model of CKD-Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD)
Authors: Avin Keith G. , Allen Matthew R. , Chen Neal X. , Srinivasan Shruthi , O’Neill Kalisha D. , Troutman Ashley D. , Mast Garrison , Swallow Elizabeth A. , Brown Mary Beth , Wallace Joseph M. , Zimmers Teresa A. , Warden Stuart J. , Moe Sharon M. 
Published: September 2019

Significance Statement
Impaired musculoskeletal health in individuals with CKD reduces their ability to participate in activities and quality of life, and increases the risk of illness, injury, and death. Exercise studies in animals or people with CKD have produced inconsistent results about the potential benefits on the musculoskeletal system and few studies have examined the systemic effects of exercise in CKD. The authors show that 10 weeks of voluntary wheel running in rats with CKD improved multiple systems, including mineral metabolism, left ventricular mass, physical function, and bone health. The results suggest physical activity may help patients with CKD, but further studies are needed to establish the most efficacious modalities and optimal dose.

Background
Reduced bone and muscle health in individuals with CKD contributes to their higher rates of morbidity and mortality.

Methods
We tested the hypothesis that voluntary wheel running would improve musculoskeletal health in a CKD rat model. Rats with spontaneous progressive cystic kidney disease (Cy/+ IU) and normal littermates (NL) were given access to a voluntary running wheel or standard cage conditions for 10 weeks starting at 25 weeks of age when the rats with kidney disease had reached stage 2–3 of CKD. We then measured the effects of wheel running on serum biochemistry, tissue weight, voluntary grip strength, maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), body composition and bone micro-CT and mechanics.

Results
Wheel running improved serum biochemistry with decreased creatinine, phosphorous, and parathyroid hormone in the rats with CKD. It improved muscle strength, increased time-to-fatigue (for VO2max), reduced cortical porosity and improved bone microarchitecture. The CKD rats with voluntary wheel access also had reduced kidney cystic weight and reduced left ventricular mass index.

Conclusions
Voluntary wheel running resulted in multiple beneficial systemic effects in rats with CKD and improved their physical function. Studies examining exercise interventions in patients with CKD are warranted.
Patrón de crecimiento durante la primera gestación de vaquillonas cruza con padre Brahman y diferente genotipo materno
Authors: Quinteros Pozo Orlando Roberto , José Di Masso Ricardo , Marini Pablo Roberto 
Published: September 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el patrón de crecimiento durante la primera gestación de vaquillonas cruza con padre Brahman y diferente genotipo materno, en la Amazonía Ecuatoriana. Se utilizaron datos retrospectivos de 2304 pesos individuales de 48 vacas cruzas lecheras. Con ello, se evaluó el comportamiento dinámico del peso corporal de cuatro genotipos: Brahman x Gyr (Gyr) (n=12), Brahman x Brown Swiss (BS) (n=12), Brahman x Jersey (J) (n=12) y Brahman x Sahiwal (S) (n=12), pertenecientes al rodeo lechero del Centro de Investigación, Posgrado y Conservación de la Biodiversidad Amazónica (CIPCA) – Ecuador. Las diferencias entre genotipos en el peso corporal a la preñez y al primer parto no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Se observaron diferencias en la edad a la primera preñez correspondiendo la mayor precocidad a la cruza con madre Brown Swiss y la menor precocidad a las cruzas con Gyr y Sahiwal. Las hembras producto del cruzamiento con Jersey presentaron un comportamiento intermedio. Se observó que, durante su primera gestación, las vaquillonas F1 con padre Brahman y diferente genotipo materno, presentan similar patrón de crecimiento en las condiciones limitantes de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana, respuesta interpretable en términos de interacción genotipo-ambiente negativa.
As teias de interesses e influências nas redes de políticas educativas na América Latina e Caribe
Authors: Fiera Letícia 
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo procura-se compreender as múltiplas determinações em relação ao compromisso com a privatização da educação pública latino-americana. Observa-se a constituição de uma rede política de grupo de empresários, grupos econômicos, instituições financeiras e organismos multilaterais que se organizaram e se articularam para incidir nas tomadas de decisões nas políticas educativas dos países latino-americanos, notadamente o Movimento Todos pela Educação, no Brasil, e a Rede Latino-americana de Organizações da Sociedade Civil para a Educação. No desenvolvimento metodológico, procedemos ao levantamento e análise de fontes primárias (documentos oficiais, institucionais e relatórios) e secundárias (pesquisas e produções sobre o tema). Além disso, utilizamos a metodologia de análise de redes sociais. Como resultado, observamos que as redes influenciam nas estratégias e alianças que nos permitem compreender de forma mais complexa a interdependência e o contexto da política públicas em educação.
Role of Infill Drilling in Increasing Reserves of the Western Desert of Egypt: Case Studies
Authors: Awaad Ahmed H. , El-Maraghi Ahmed M. , Gawad Ashraf Abdel , El-Banbi Ahmed H. 
Published: September 2019

Summary
In 2010, Qarun Petroleum Company (QPC) started an extensive infill-drilling campaign in the Western Desert of Egypt for nine fields, aiming to improve recovery after waterflooding. The well spacing was reduced to half of its original value, and all infill wells were producers. In this paper, we present some key findings from the success stories and lessons learned from the failure cases.
The fields of Samra, Asala, Diyur, North Diyur, Yomna, E Bah-C, E Bah-D, E Bah-E, and E Bah-F were developed by waterflooding either from the start of production or after a short period of depletion production. After approximately 2 years of production, high-water-production rates were observed although these fields did not achieve their planned recovery. Several analyses were carried out and showed that significant remaining oil existed. Reasons identified for bypassed oil include lateral-pay discontinuities, completion inconsistencies, and a high level of heterogeneity.
Drilling a significant number of infill wells was the key technology suggested to recover bypassed reserves. Initially, the well spacing was approximately 450 m between producer/producer and injector/injector pairs. The well spacing was reduced to a maximum of 300 m to connect pay intervals better, especially for the Upper Baharyia (UBah) Formation reservoir, owing to its high complexity and heterogeneity level.
After implementing the infill drilling within the nine main fields, a comprehensive monitoring plan was executed to observe the recovery improvement. Six fields (i.e., Samra, Asala, Diyur, North Diyur, Yomna, and E Bah-D) recorded additional reserves by infill drilling and the other three fields (i.e., E Bah-C, E Bah-E, and E Bah-F) did not achieve the expected increase. Comprehensive integrated analyses revealed that the heterogeneity level and maturity (age) of the waterflood were the main controlling factors in the success of infill drilling.
Five main lessons learned are presented (supported with data) for the successful implementation of infill drilling in low-permeability and heterogeneous reservoirs. Analysis workflows are presented for waterflood-candidate selection and for infill-drilling evaluation.
Adaptive laboratory evolution of heat tolerance in Streptococcus thermophilus BIOPOP-1 and BIOPOP-2 under gradually increasing heat temperature
Authors: Min Bonggyu , Kim Kkotnim , Li Vladimir , Kim Younghoon , Kim Heebal 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as such, has been commonly used in the production of fermented dairy foods during past decades. However, LAB including S. thermophilus struggle to survive at temperatures above 60°C, which are applied during manufacturing processes, such as pasteurization that can inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell death. Although there are many studies on S. thermophilus , no research regarding its heat tolerance in over 60°C has been done yet. In this study, a method of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was implemented in an attempt to increase the upper thermal threshold of two S. thermophilus strains of LAB found in South Korea. Results To develop heat tolerant LABs, heat treatment was continuously applied to bacteria by increasing temperature from 60°C until the point of not being detected. The results indicated significant increase in temperature tolerance of ALE strains compared to the wild type (WT) strains. In addition, ALE strains acquired cross protection from various stress conditions like acid, bile salts and salinity. The improved heat tolerance of ALE strains showed higher survival rate during long term storage at sub-zero temperatures compared to the wild type strains. Fatty acid analysis indicated that saturated fatty acid ratio of ALE strains was higher than that of WT cells. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated that this ALE method can be utilized to improve bacterial tolerance against various environmental stresses. Adaptive evolution under heat stress might be applied in the various industries.
A proteomic approach to understand the impact of nodulation on salinity stress response in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Wang Yafang , Zhang Pan , Hu Tianming , Wu Yajun , Yang Peizhi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes is an important source of nitrogen supply in sustainable agriculture. Salinity is a key abiotic stress that negatively affects host plant growth, rhizobium-legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation.Results To explore how the symbiotic relation impacts plant response to salinity, we assayed the proteome profile of alfalfa plants with active nodules (NA), inactive nodules (NI) or without nodules (NN) when plants were subjected to salinity stress. Our data suggested that NA plants respond to salinity stress through some unique signaling regulations. NA plants showed an upregulation of proteins related to cell wall remodeling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and a down-regulation of proteins involved in protein synthesis and degradation. The data also showed that NA plants, together with NI plants, upregulated proteins in photosynthesis, carbon fixation and respiration, anion transport, and plant defense to pathogens.Conclusions The data suggest that the symbiotic relations conferred the host plant a better capacity to adjust the key processes, probably to more efficiently use energy and resources, deal with oxidative stress, and maintain ion homeostasis and healthy status during salinity stress.
Bacillus velezensis LG37: Transcriptome profiling and functional verification of GlnK and NmtA in ammonia (NH4+) assimilation
Authors: Liu Guangxin , V Sarath Babu , Dong Yanjun , Zhao Lijuan , Li Xinfeng , Tu Jiagang , He Jin , Lin Li 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background In recent years, interest in Bacillus velezensis has increased considerably due to its ability in many industrial water treatment bioremediation processes that including aquaculture practice as probiotics. In this study, we isolated and assessed the transcriptome genes expression levels under different nitrogen source from a new Bacillus velezensis LG37 strain isolated from the aquaculture pond water. Since the Bacillus species are determined to exhibit heterogeneity, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood in ammonia nitrogen assimilation, where ammonia nitrogen considered as toxic to aquatics.Results Here, a total of 812 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the transcriptomic sequencing of LG37 grown with ammonia or glutamine, from which 56 genes obtained with Fold Change ≥ 2 through BLAST NCBI and UniProt database that displayed 27 DEGs potentially involved in NH4+ assimilation. Among them, the relative expression level of the two-component regulatory system glnK/glnL were significantly upregulated in the transcriptomic profile, and the same was authenticated for their consistency by RT-qPCR along with six other genes. In addition, the transcriptome and relative expression analysis showed that the transporter (amtB) gene of LG37 was not in favor of ammonia transport even in the highest ammonia concentrations. Besides, CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (Δ) and overexpression (OE) LG37 mutants of glnK evidenced the exclusion of amtB regulation, suggesting an involvement of alternative transporter. Moreover, the transcriptomic data exhibited a novel ammonium transporter nmtA that expressed significantly in the expanding ammonia concentrations. Subsequently, OEnmtA and ΔnmtA LG37 strains showed a unique expression pattern compared to that of wild-LG37 strain.Conclusion Based on the transcriptome data, regulation of nitrogen related genes were promptly screened from the newly isolated LG37 strain to analyse the key regulating factors during ammonia assimilation. The novel NmtA transporter of LG37 became apparent in ammonia transport instead of AmtB, which transport ammonium nitrogen in other Bacillus strains, with the aid of the genomic editing tools. The validated NmtA and other transcriptome predicted data would shed a new light on the assimilation mechanism of ammonia, and the isolate can be broadly applicable to facilitate the removal of ammonium nitrogen.
Patient attitudes towards faecal sampling for gut microbiome studies and clinical care reveal positive engagement and room for improvement
Authors: Bolte Laura A. , Klaassen Marjolein A.Y. , Collij Valerie , Vila Arnau Vich , Fu Jingyuan , Meulen Taco A. van der , de Haan Jacco J. , Versteegen Gerbrig J. , Dotinga Aafje , Zhernakova Alexandra , Wijmenga Cisca , Weersma Rinse K. , Imhann Floris 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Faecal sample collection is crucial for gut microbiome research and its clinical applications. However, while patients and healthy volunteers are routinely asked to provide stool samples, their attitudes towards sampling remain largely unknown. Here we investigate the attitudes of 780 Dutch patients, including participants in a large Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) gut microbiome cohort, and population controls, to identify barriers to sample collection and provide recommendations for gut microbiome researchers and clinicians. Methods: We sent questionnaires to 660 IBD patients and 112 patients with other disorders who had previously been approached to participate in gut microbiome studies. We also conducted 478 brief interviews with participants in our general population cohort who had collected stool samples. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using R. Results: 97.4% of respondents reported that they had willingly participated in stool sample collection for gut microbiome research, and most respondents (82.9%) and interviewees (95.6%) indicated willingness to participate again, with motivations for participating being mainly altruistic (57.0%). Responses indicated that storing stool samples in the home freezer for a prolonged time was the main barrier to participation (52.6%), but clear explanations of the sampling procedures and their purpose increased willingness to collect and freeze samples (P=0.046, P=0.003). Conclusions: To account for participant concerns, gut microbiome researchers establishing cohorts and clinicians trying new faecal tests should provide clear instructions, explain the rationale behind their protocol, consider providing a small freezer, and inform patients about study outcomes. By assessing the attitudes to, motives for and barriers to participation in faecal sample collection, we can provide important information that will contribute to the success of gut microbiome research and its near-future clinical applications.
Pregnancy Outcomes of Patients with Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
Authors: Chang Lingzhi , Wang Ming , Liu Haixia , Meng Qinghua , Yu Hongwei , Wu Yu-mei , Zhu Yunxia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Limited data exists regarding the pregnancy and infant outcomes of Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP).Methods: Retrospectively collect the mothers with AFLP and without AFLP in our center from 1/2008 to 6/2018.The primary assessment was to analyze and compare the frequency of negative maternal and fetal outcomes. The secondary assessment was to identify the predictors of negative maternal and fetal outcomes. Results: Compared to 220 matched mothers, 55 AFLP mothers were younger (P<0.001 ), fewer pregnancies(P=0.033),with more pregnancy induced hypertension(P<0.001), twins(P=0.002), fetal growth restriction(P=0.044) and fetus male (P<0.001). 3 (5.5%) of AFLP patients were diagnosed in the postpartum period. The mean gestational ages were 35.25±5.80 weeks at diagnosis of AFLP before delivery and Jaundice(89.1%), nausea or vomitting(58.2%), anorexia(49.1%), fatigue(45.5%) and like cold drinks(30.9%) were the main prodromal symptoms. The median duration from diagnosis to delivery was 1.55±4.62 days and 75%(39/52) patients terminate the pregnancy at the day of diagnosis. 78.8%(41/52) patients received cesearean section for terminating the pregnancy. 53.6%(22/41) patients received preventive plasma transfusion before the surgery and no one received artificial liver support during the treatment. In comparison, higher frequency of 16 maternal complications, severe negative outcomes (27.3% vs. 0.9%) and newborn asphyxia (24.6% vs.0.9%) were observed in AFLP population. 3 mothers (mortality rates: 5.5% ) died of multiple organ system failure and 6 fetal/infant (death rates: 9.8%) died of distress. When compared to those without negative outcomes, younger mothers(P=0.042),more singleton rates (p=0.041),increased mean value of ALT(P=0.011) and T-Bilirubin(P=0.014), decreased prothrombin activity(P=0.011) were predictors of the negative fetal outcomes. Although no statistical significance for the small sample size, the occurence of refractory postpartum hemorrhage (0% vs.31.3% ), hysterectomy(0% vs.12.5% ), negative marternal outcomes (16.7% vs.56.3% ) were significantly decreased in patients with postpartum hemorrhage exceeded 500ml. Conclusions: Several symptoms were found to be the main prodromal symptoms of AFLP. Higher frequency of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes was observed in mothers with AFLP than common people.We found five potential risk factors of negative fetal outcome. Intrauterine balloon pressure might prevent further postpartum bleeding , but need further verification.
ATLANTIS: An adaptive multi-arm phase II trial of maintenance targeted therapy after chemotherapy in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer
Authors: Fulton Ben , Jones Robert , Powles Thomas , Crabb Simon , Paul James , Birtle Alison , Chowdhury Simon , Hussain Syed , Morris Anna , Soulis Eileen , Morrison Paula 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Metastatic urothelial cancer (UC) is the eighth most common cause of cancer death in the UK. Standard first-line treatment, for most patients, is cytotoxic chemotherapy. Although UC is initially sensitive to chemotherapy, relapse is almost inevitable after which outcomes are poor, with median overall survival 8 months. There is, therefore, an urgent need for novel therapies to improve outcomes for this patient group.Methods ATLANTIS is a randomised phase II, adaptive design trial of maintenance therapy in biomarker defined subgroups of patients with advanced UC. The primary end-point is progression-free survival (PFS) and the study involves over 30 UK cancer centres. Discussion ATLANTIS is the first study in the UK to employ a precision medicine approach to UC patients for maintenance treatment. Agents with positive efficacy signal will proceed to randomised phase III trials to confirm activity of novel biologically stratified therapies in UC.