bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat amount, not patch size and isolation, drives species richness of macro‐moth communities in countryside landscapes
Authors: Merckx Thomas , Dantas de Miranda Murilo , Pereira Henrique M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimOur aim was to test whether species richness patterns are best explained by the effect of the total amount of habitat within the landscape, or instead by a combination of patch size and patch isolation effects. To this end, we jointly contrast the habitat amount hypothesis and countryside biogeography with patch size and isolation concepts from island biogeography.LocationThree multi‐habitat landscapes in Peneda‐Gerês National Park, NW Portugal.TaxonMacro‐moths (Lepidoptera).MethodsLight‐trapping using a semi‐nested design at 84 fixed sites which were each repeatedly sampled six times.ResultsAutocovariate models show that sampling sites with a higher number of forest and meadow macro‐moth species (alpha diversity) were surrounded by a higher amount of forest and meadow habitat, respectively within a 160 and 320 m radius (scale of effect). These top‐ranked models, containing only habitat amount as a significant variable, had lower Akaike's information criteria (AIC) than models (only) containing patch size and/or isolation. Complementary to this, the countryside species–area relationship (SAR) model outperforms the classic SAR model, so that the effective area of habitat explains landscape species richness (gamma diversity) across spatial scales (beta diversity) better than the classic SAR. Specifically, we show that forest macro‐moths have a higher spatial turnover than meadow macro‐moths and that, on average, there are more species in forest than in meadow habitat.Main conclusionsThe habitat amount hypothesis predicts alpha species richness in multi‐habitat landscapes better than do patch size and isolation while the countryside SAR predicts beta and gamma diversity better than the classic SAR. We suggest that evidence is mounting to revise the application of the classical approaches of island biogeography and metapopulation theory to conservation biogeography.
Blood Flow Alterations in the Anterior Maxillary Mucosa as Induced by Implant‐Retained Overdenture
Authors: Alsrouji Mohamed Samih , Ahmad Rohana , Ibrahim Norliza , Kuntjoro Wahyu , Al‐Harbi Fahad A. , Baba Nadim Z. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeBlood flow disturbance from functional pressure may lead to ischemia and accumulation of metabolites leading to residual ridge resorption (RRR) underneath complete dentures. The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of mandibular complete denture (CD) and implant‐retained overdenture (IRO) on blood flow disturbance in the opposing denture bearing‐mucosa of maxillary CD and to compare the blood flow disturbance to RRR of the anterior maxilla.Materials and MethodsThe test group included 9 participants rehabilitated by maxillary CD opposing mandibular IRO, while the control group consisted of 4 participants with CDs. Blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) after denture removal for 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes. RRR was quantified as reduction in bone volume a year post‐treatment. The measurement of blood flow was then compared to the quantification of RRR.ResultsThe mean blood flow measure for the IRO group was significantly lower than CD after immediate denture removal and 30 minutes later. After 60 minutes, the mean difference was not significant between groups, and at 90 minutes, the mean blood flow of both groups equalized to reach a steady state of 377 BPU. The mandibular IRO had reduced the initial blood flow measure in the opposing anterior maxilla mucosa to almost a quarter (103 BPU) of the steady state value (377 BPU) compared to the CD, which reduced it to only about one half (183 BPU), suggesting greater blood flow disturbance in the IRO group. This result is in tandem with the greater reduction of bone volume observed in the IRO group, which was 7.3 ± 1.3% after a year, almost three times higher than CD group at 2.6 ± 1.7%.ConclusionIRO may cause significantly higher blood flow disturbance than CD and may have contributed to greater RRR in the anterior maxilla.
School quality and rural in‐migration: Can better rural schools attract new residents?
Authors: Marré Alexander W. , Rupasingha Anil 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudies in the nonmetropolitan population change literature have largely focused on the role of natural amenities and economic restructuring, but few have focused on the role of public services. This paper addresses the question of whether public services in nonmetropolitan counties, specifically the outcomes of public schools, could attract migrants. We use a Poisson regression technique little‐used in the migration literature to control for push and pull factors driving migration patterns and control for school quality. Results show that better schools can draw migrants to nonmetropolitan areas. Marginal effects are larger for nonmetropolitan counties not adjacent to metropolitan areas.
Low incidence of HHV‐6 reactivation in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with corticosteroid as graft‐vs‐host disease prophylaxis compared with cord blood transplantation
Authors: Tamaki Hiroya , Ikegame Kazuhiro , Yoshihara Satoshi , Kaida Katsuji , Yoshihara Kyoko , Inoue Takayuki , Kato Ruri , Nakata Jun , Fujioka Tatsuya , Soma Toshihiro , Okada Masaya , Ogawa Hiroyasu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch and the administration of immunosuppressive agents are considered risks for human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) reactivation after stem cell transplantation (SCT). However, the incidence of HHV‐6 reactivation in HLA‐mismatched related SCT remains unknown.MethodsWe monitored plasma HHV‐6 DNA loads weekly using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 5 weeks after SCT and compared serum IL‐6 levels in HLA‐mismatched SCT groups.ResultsCompared with detection in all 11 umbilical cord blood transplantation (CBT) patients (100%), plasma HHV‐6 DNA was detected in only 3 of 42 haplo‐SCT patients (7.1%) despite the use of methylprednisolone and antithymocyte globulin as graft‐vs‐host disease prophylaxis and a reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen, respectively. Correspondingly, serum IL‐6 levels in haplo‐SCT patients were significantly lower than those in CBT patients. No HHV‐6‐associated encephalitis developed in either groups.ConclusionsNeither HLA disparity nor the use of methylprednisolone and antithymocyte globulin were risk factors for HHV‐6 reactivation in our haplo‐SCT patients. Rather than increasing risk, the administration of immunosuppressive agents potentially prevented HHV‐6 reactivation after haplo‐SCT by suppressing IL‐6 production.
Association between perinatal interventional activity and 2-year outcome of Swiss extremely preterm born infants: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Adams Mark , Berger Thomas M , Borradori-Tolsa Cristina , Bickle-Graz Myriam , Grunt Sebastian , Gerull Roland , Bassler Dirk , Natalucci Giancarlo 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate if centre-specific levels of perinatal interventional activity were associated with neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age in two separately analysed cohorts of infants: cohort A born at 22–25 and cohort B born at 26–27 gestational weeks, respectively.DesignGeographically defined, retrospective cohort study.SettingAll nine level III perinatal centres (neonatal intensive care units and affiliated obstetrical services) in Switzerland.PatientsAll live-born infants in Switzerland in 2006–2013 below 28 gestational weeks, excluding infants with major congenital malformation.Outcome measuresOutcomes at 2 years corrected for prematurity were mortality, survival with any major neonatal morbidity and with severe-to-moderate neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI).ResultsCohort A associated birth in a centre with high perinatal activity with low mortality adjusted OR (aOR 0.22; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.32), while no association was observed with survival with major morbidity (aOR 0.74; 95% CI 0.46 to 1.19) and with NDI (aOR 0.97; 95% CI 0.46 to 2.02). Median age at death (8 vs 4 days) and length of stay (100 vs 73 days) were higher in high than in low activity centres. The results for cohort B mirrored those for cohort A.ConclusionsCentres with high perinatal activity in Switzerland have a significantly lower risk for mortality while having comparable outcomes among survivors. This confirms the results of other studies but in a geographically defined area applying a more restrictive approach to initiation of perinatal intensive care than previous studies. The study adds that infants up to 28 weeks benefited from a higher perinatal activity and why further research is required to better estimate the added burden on children who ultimately do not survive.
What are the characteristics and progression of visual field defects in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: a prospective single-centre study in China
Authors: Liu Hong-Li , Yuan Jia-Jia , Tian Zhen , Li Xin , Song Lin , Li Bin 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics and progression of visual field defects in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.DesignProspective study.Setting3-A-class hospital in China; single-centre study.ParticipantsFrom 100 patients diagnosed with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, 80 (160 eyes; 68 men and 12 women; youngest patient, 6 years; oldest patient, 35 years) were recruited.ExposureAll patients were followed up for at least 12 months. Each patient underwent at least three visual field examinations. Patient groups 1–6 were created according to the time of visual field data acquisition. Patient group 7 included patients with a different onset of disease between eyes. Group 8 was composed of patients with a course of disease of 12–24 months when one of the examinations performed. Patients who performed the third examination made up patient group 9.Primary outcome measuresPrevalence of the different visual field defect types on the basis of severity in groups 1–6. Mean of the difference of visual function between eyes in group 7.ResultIn groups 1–6, the prevalences of defects classified using Visual Field Index values were significantly different between groups 1 and 3. In group 7, with the prolongation of the course of the disease, the mean of the difference of visual function between eyes decreased. There was no significant correlation between age and the severity of visual field defect. There was significant correlation between visual acuity and the severity of visual field defect.ConclusionVisual field defects in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (G11778A) may continuously progress within 6 months of disease development, and remain stable after 9 months. With the progression of the disease, the differences in visual function between eyes may decrease. The severity of visual field defect seems to be independent of age; however, could be related to visual acuity.Trial registration numberNCT03428178,NCT01267422.
Healthy migrant effect in the Swedish context: a register-based, longitudinal cohort study.
Authors: Helgesson Magnus , Johansson Bo , Nordquist Tobias , Vingård Eva , Svartengren Magnus 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesStudies have found a ‘healthy-migrant effect’ (HME) among arriving migrants, that is, a better health status compared with others in the home country, but also in comparison with the population in the host country. The aims were to investigate whether the HME hypothesis is applicable to the Swedish context, that is, if health outcomes differed between a group of mainly labour migrants (Western migrants) and a group of mainly refugee/family reunion migrants (non-Western migrants) compared with the native Swedish population, and if there were any correlations between labour market attachment (LMA) and these health outcomes.DesignRegister-based, longitudinal cohort study.ParticipantsThe cohort was defined on 31 December 1990 and consisted of all migrants aged 18–47 years who arrived in Sweden in 1985–1990 (n=74 954) and a reference population of native Swedes (n=1 405 047) in the same age span. They were followed for three consecutive 6-year periods (1991–1996, 1997–2002 and 2003–2008) and were assessed for five measures of health: hospitalisation for cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders, mortality, disability pension, and sick leave.ResultsWestern migrants had, compared with native Swedes, lower or equal HRs for all health measures during all time periods, while non-Western migrants displayed higher or equal HRs for all health measures, except for mortality, during all time periods. Age, educational level, occupation and LMA explained part of the difference between migrants and native Swedes. High LMA was associated with higher HRs for cardiovascular disorders among Western migrants, higher HRs of psychiatric disorders among non-Western migrants and higher HRs of mortality among both migrant groups compared with native Swedes.ConclusionsThere were indications of a HME among Western migrants, while less proof of a HME among non-Western migrants. Stratification for LMA and different migrant categories showed some interesting differences, and measurements of the HME may be inconclusive if not stratified by migrant category or other relevant variables.
Firearms training and storage practices among US gun owners: a nationally representative study
Authors: Berrigan John , Azrael Deborah , Hemenway David , Miller Matthew 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo describe firearm storage practices among US adults and examine the relationship between having received formal firearms training and firearm storage.MethodsIn 2015 we asked a nationally representative online sample of 2072 gun owners how they stored household firearms, their reasons for owning guns, the number and types owned, had they carried a loaded handgun in the prior month and whether they had formal firearms training (and if so, whether training covered suicide prevention, accident prevention, firearm theft prevention, safe handling and safe storage). Unadjusted associations between gun owner characteristics and storage practices were estimated using Pearson’s χ2tests; adjusted associations used multivariate logistic regressions. Final survey weights that combined presample and study-specific poststratification weights account for oversampling of firearm owners and survey non-response.Results29.7% (95% CI 27.4% to 32.1%) stored ≥1 firearm loaded and unlocked. Of the 61.4% (95% CI 58.9% to 63.9%) of gun owners with firearms training, 32.3% (95% CI 29.4% to 35.3%) stored ≥1 firearm loaded and unlocked, compared with 25.8% (95% CI 22.3% to 29.7%) of those without training. Storage did not differ by training component, age, sex or race. However, firearms were more likely stored loaded and unlocked when respondents owned for protection, owned >1 firearm, owned handguns or carried a loaded gun. After adjusting for firearm-related characteristics, firearms training was not associated with storing firearms loaded and unlocked (adjusted OR=1.11, 95% Cl 0.80 to 1.53).ConclusionFirearms training, as currently provided, is unlikely to reduce unsafe firearm storage.
Selective screening of late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) in patients with non-diagnostic muscle biopsies
Authors: Meznaric Marija , Fumic Ksenija , Leonardis Lea 
Published: March 2019

AimsAs of 2016, there were five patients with Pompe in Slovenia (two infantile, one childhood and two adult onset) with a prevalence of 1:400 000; however, the prevalence of late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) in some other countries means this ratio could be an underestimate. Since an LOPD muscle biopsy could be unspecific or even normal, the purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of LOPD in patients with non-diagnostic muscle biopsies.MethodsSix hundred biopsies were recorded at the Neuromuscular Tissue Bank of the University of Ljubljana for the period 2004–2014. All adult patients with non-diagnostic muscle biopsies were invited to the National Slovenian Neuromuscular Centre for dried blood spot testing for LOPD.ResultsA total of 90 patients (56% of those invited) responded. No patient with LOPD was found. A total of 49 patients (54%) had fixed muscle weakness, 31 (34%) had mild symptoms and no weakness and 10 (11%) had asymptomatic hyperCKemia. Ventilatory insufficiency associated with proximal muscle weakness was found in two patients (2%). No patients exhibited vacuolar myopathy, globular accumulations of glycogen or regions of increased acid phosphatase activity within the sarcoplasm.ConclusionsThe study results do not support the hypothesis that LOPD is underestimated in Slovenian patients with non-diagnostic muscle biopsies; this could be consistent with the fact that LOPD is of low prevalence in Slovenia, as is the case in the populations of Finland, French-speaking Belgium, west Sweden and west Denmark.
Diagnosis of organisational culture within an NHS Emergency Department
Authors: Armstrong Brian , Maxwell John , Ferrie Eoghan , Greenwood Emma , Sheerin Linsey 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe academic literature demonstrates that organisational culture contributes to variation between healthcare organisations in outcomes and performance, patient satisfaction, innovation, healthcare quality and safety and employee job satisfaction.Objectives/methodsThe aims of this research were: (1) to review literature on organisational culture; (2) to identify the dominant culture within the Belfast RVH Emergency Department by using a combination of both the ‘Organisational Culture Assessment Instrument’ and ‘Rich Pictures’ soft systems methodology; and (3) to formulate recommendations.Results/conclusionWe found that the dominant organisational culture is a market culture (29.74 points), followed by hierarchy culture (28.97 points) then a clan culture (25.55 points) and an adhocracy culture (15.74 points), this infers an emphasis is placed predominantly on results and profitability. The results also look at the difference between current and preferred organisational culture. The largest desired difference can be seen in clan culture, with an increase of 12.93 points. Market culture decreases by 12.39 points. Hierarchy culture decreases with 3.58 points and adhocracy culture increases with 3.04 points. The dominant culture in the preferred situation becomes clan culture, followed by hierarchy culture, adhocracy culture and market culture. The results also show there was a differing gap within all professional groupings with admin (24.97 points), doctors (33.71 points), nurses (40.36 points) and others (11.08 points). The Rich Pictures results highlight contrasting multidisciplinary dynamics in regard to hierarchy, interteam cooperation and a team while working under extreme pressure, and were committed to quality, patient safety and service innovation.
A CENA PERTURBADA: PERSONAGENS DRAMÁTICAS FEMININAS DE GERVÁSIO LOBATO E GUIOMAR TORRESÃO
Authors: Masseran Claudia Barbieri 
Published: March 2019

O artigo recupera três personagens dramáticas femininas pertencentes a duas peças originais: D. Leonor Gonçalves da comédia em um ato A burguesa, da pena de Gervásio Lobato (1850-1895), de 1882 e D. Christiana e D. Gabriela de Educação Moderna, comédia em três atos, escrita por Guiomar Torresão em 1891. Para tanto, faz-se necessária uma breve incursão na história da educação feminina em Portugal no século XIX e o entendimento do papel reservado às mulheres na sociedade coeva.
COLOCAR POESIA NA FITA MÉTRICA
Authors: Roriz Paloma 
Published: March 2019

Este artigo propõe refletir acerca de algumas imagens do livro Atlas do corpo e da imaginação, de Gonçalo M. Tavares, feitas pelo grupo Os Espacialistas, a partir da relação pensada pelo autor e pelo coletivo entre corpo, arquitetura, espaço e movimento, em seu possível cruzamento com projetos heteróclitos como os de Aby Warburg e Georges Bataille, tomados na perspectiva de Georges Didi-Huberman.
OS DIÁLOGOS INTERARTÍSTICOS DA POESIA SEGUNDO FERNANDO PESSOA
Authors: Martelo Rosa Maria 
Published: March 2019

Para Fernando Pessoa, a literatura sensacionista deveria “ser a fusão de todas as artes”, proporcionando, em si mesma e sincreticamente, todas as sensações que as outras artes trabalham e dão a conhecer. Sensações associadas a artes tão díspares quanto a dança, o canto, a representação, e também a pintura, a escultura, a arquitectura e a música poderiam ser integradas pela literatura porque – dizia Pessoa – esta “contém tudo quanto essas artes dão às criaturas inferiores, mas transcendentaliza-as pela ideia para uso da aristocracia doente e completa que a nossa hiper-civilização produziu” (cf. Sensacionismo e outros ismos, 2009: 77). Conceber deste modo a literatura, particularmente a poesia, como uma arte de síntese estética destinada a uma hiper-civilização, envolveu uma vasta experimentação ao nível da visualidade no discurso verbal, da plasticidade e rapidez da imagem, da estrutura e do ritmo; e essa experimentação foi certamente bem menos autonomizável de diálogos interartísticos do que Pessoa sugere. Como devemos então ler a presença das outras artes na poética sensacionista e de que modo esta dialoga com outras poéticas de Orpheu? Tentarei equacionar algumas possíveis respostas para estas questões, auscultando a existência de uma espécie de diálogo interartístico sob rasura no sensacionismo pessoano.
ELEMENTAR, MEU CARO PESSOA! NARRATIVA POLICIALESCA EM TERRAS LUSITANAS
Authors: Reblin Filipe 
Published: March 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é verificar como as nuances da literatura policialesca estão presentes na escrita de Fernando Pessoa, gênero a qual se dedicou de forma acurada, produzindo um bom conjunto de textos. Para tanto, começamos o mesmo com um breve levantamento teórico-crítico acerca desta literatura para, logo em seguida, apresentarmos nossas percepções destas matizes na obra pessoana tendo na figura de Dr. Quaresma — detetive, ou decifrador como preferia Pessoa — nosso lastro.