bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BK polyoma virus nephropathy in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Lee Yeon Joo , Glezerman Ilya G , Tamari Roni , Sauter Craig S , Prockop Susan E , Boulad Farid , Salvatore Steven P , Seshan Surya V , Jaimes Edgar A , Giralt Sergio A , Papadopoulos Esperanza B , Jakubowski Ann A , Papanicolaou Genovefa A 
Published: July 2019

Background: The epidemiology of BK polyoma virus nephropathy in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients is poorly characterized. Kidney dysfunction after hematopoietic cell transplant is often attributed to treatment toxicities and kidney biopsies are rarely performed. Methods: We reviewed pathology-confirmed BK polyoma virus nephropathy cases in adult and pediatric patients who had undergone a hematopoietic cell transplant between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 at our institution. Plasma and urine BK polyoma virus was assessed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and were obtained at the clinician discretion. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. BK polyoma virus nephropathy was scored by the Banff Working Group Proposal. Results: Eight (7 adult and 1 pediatric) cases of BK polyoma virus nephropathy were identified among 685 hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, 14 of whom had undergone a kidney biopsy. Five patients (62.5%) had received a CD34+-selected peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplant; two had received a cord blood allograft and one an unmodified peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplant. Two patients developed acute graft-versus-host disease grade II. Early post–hematopoietic cell transplant BK polyoma viruria was documented with onset at a median of 54 days (range, 6–91) post–hematopoietic cell transplant and median urine BK polyoma viral load was 9.6 log10 copies/mL (range, 8.6–10.0). BK polyoma virus nephropathy was diagnosed at a median of 267 days after hematopoietic cell transplant (range, 133–637). At BK polyoma virus nephropathy diagnosis, all patients had decreased renal function with glomerular filtration rate (median 29 mL/min/1.73 m2; range, 9–98 ) and creatinine (median 2.4 mg/dL; range, 0.8–7.5) ; median plasma BK polyoma viral load was 6.3 log10 copies/mL (range, 5.5–7.1) and median CD4+ lymphocyte count was 82 cell/mcL (range, 21–172). Conclusions: We report eight biopsy-proven BK polyoma virus nephropathies in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients from a single center. BK polyoma virus nephropathy should be considered in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with worsening kidney function and high BK polyoma viremia.
Foveal Avascular Zone Area Analysis Using OCT Angiography After Pneumatic Retinopexy for Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair
Authors: Francisconi Carolina L. M. , Kim David Ta , Juncal Verena , Qian Jenny , Brosh Koby , Wong David T. , Giavedoni Louis R. , Berger Alan R. , Altomare Filiberto , Muni Rajeev H. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Recent publications have reported that the deep capillary plexus (DCP) area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) is significantly larger in eyes following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair when compared with controls. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there have been no publications on the evaluation of the macular microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in post–pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) eyes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate FAZ-area changes following PnR. Methods: This retrospective cohort included 19 patients with macula-off RRD who underwent PnR repair. Each patient’s fellow eye was used as a control. The FAZ area in the superficial capillary plexus and DCP was investigated with OCTA and the areas were measured by 2 masked graders. Results: Both superficial (PnR: 0.22 [0.16-0.35] vs control: 0.24 [0.18-0.34] mm2; P = .715) and deep (PnR: 0.56 [0.51-0.76] vs control: 0.7 [0.59-0.89] mm2; P = .105) FAZ areas were not significantly different between eyes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the lack of FAZ-area enlargement after PnR repair may indicate that there is less ischemic damage to the retinal capillary plexus in the fovea when compared with that described in the literature for PPV. The PIVOT trial demonstrated that PnR is associated with superior visual acuity and less metamorphopsia when compared with PPV at 1 year. The results of the current study may provide insight into the potential advantages of PnR. Further studies are needed to elucidate how the macular microvasculature is affected after RRD and to clarify how the FAZ area changes following PnR and PPV.
Demographics and survival of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the FinnishIPF registry
Authors: Kaunisto Jaana , Salomaa Eija-Riitta , Hodgson Ulla , Kaarteenaho Riitta , Kankaanranta Hannu , Koli Katri , Vahlberg Tero , Myllärniemi Marjukka 
Published: July 2019

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by unpredictable disease course and poor survival. After the introduction of novel antifibrotic drugs, the prognosis of patients with IPF is probably changing.FinnishIPF, a nationwide registry of carefully characterised patients, was initiated in Finland in 2011. For the data analysis, we included 453 incident IPF patients diagnosed during 2011–2015. In this study, we describe the demographics and prognosis of these real-life patients.The median overall survival time of registered IPF patients was 4.5 years. The transplant-free survival at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years was 95%, 83%, 70%, 58% and 45%, respectively. Smoking did not have any effect on survival. 117 (26%) patients received pirfenidone or nintedanib. Patients who received ≥6 months of treatment had better survival compared with those who did not receive treatment but this difference disappeared after age adjustment. The transplantation rate was 3%.Although IPF is diagnosed in Finland at a older age, the prognosis is better than expected due to a relatively well preserved lung function at diagnosis. Age and pulmonary function were identified as independent predictors of survival in the entire IPF patient population as well as in patients who had received antifibrotic treatment.
Surface expression marker profile in colon cancer cell lines and sphere-derived cells suggests complexity in CD26+cancer stem cells subsets
Authors: Vázquez-Iglesias Lorena , Barcia-Castro Leticia , Rodríguez-Quiroga Marta , de la Cadena María Páez , Rodríguez-Berrocal Javier , Cordero Oscar J. 
Published: July 2019

Taking advantage of eight established cell lines from colorectal cancer patients at different stages of the disease and the fact that all of them could form spheres, cell surface biomarkers of cancer stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were tested. The aim was to investigate cancer stem cells and metastatic stem cells in order to provide functional characterization of circulating tumor cells and promote the development of new anti-metastatic therapies.
Our model showed an important heterogeneity in EpCAM, CD133, CD44, LGR5, CD26, and E-cadherin expression. We showed the presence of a subset of E-cadherin+ (some cells being E-cadherinhigh) expressing CD26+ (or CD26high) together with the well-known CSC markers LGR5 and EpCAMhigh, sometimes in the absence of CD44 or CD133. The already described CD26+/E-cadherinlow or negative and CD26+/EpCAM−/CD133− subsets were also present. Cell division drastically affected the expression of all markers, in particular E-cadherin, so new-born cells resembled mesenchymal cells in surface staining.
CD26 and/or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors have already shown anti-metastatic effects in pre-clinical models, and the existence of these CD26+ subsets may help further research against cancer metastasis.
The Concept of Trials in Absentia in International Criminal Law and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon: An Overview
Authors: Guha Shouvik Kumar 
Published: July 2019

Trials in absentia have always been quite a contentious source of controversies in international criminal law, especially given the nature of crimes that result into these trials and given the question regarding what can be an acceptable standard of legal due process that ought to be adhered to in course of such trials. Throughout this paper, the author has sought to present an overview of the concept as it is prevalent in the current domestic and international legal scenarios. An effort has also been made to portray the range and acceptability of the arguments that are advanced by the proponents and detractors of the notion of accepting this category of trials as a matter of course to combat international and domestic crimes. The varying approaches of common law and civil law
jurisdictions vis-à-vis this subject-matter has also been examined, together with the practices prevalent in renowned international tribunals such as International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia [hereinafter referred to as “ICTY”], the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda [hereinafter referred to as “ICTR”] and the International Criminal Court [hereinafter referred to as “ICC”]. Finally, the author has looked into the manner in which the question of the validity of such trials has once again come to the forefront owing to its acceptance by the Special Tribunal for Lebanon.
Pedophilia and Child Sexual Abuse: A Socio Legal Perspective
Authors: Whorra Gargi , Mitra Sudipto 
Published: July 2019

Societies worldwide have time and again turned a cold
shoulder towards the heinous offence of child sexual
abuse, until recent times when such hidden skeletons
have walked out of closed cupboards, ranging from
clergymen to the preposterously grotesque Nithari
incident. This paper throws light on the growing foothold
of child sexual abuse in the country by analysing it
through varying dimensions. The paper seeks to examine
the veracity of the situation of children, especially in a
country like India, where the victim, irrespective of his
innocence and fragility, loses his voice in the hullabaloo
of the dogmas of the society. It is for such societal barriers
that the rights of children did not see the light of the day
till the year 2012. This article discusses the attempts made
to check the child sexual abuse which have been made
through legal initiatives and judicial decisions, both at the
national and international level. The paper analyses the
current situation in India with regard to child sexual
abuse, while primarily drawing attention to the recent
Protection of Children from Sexual offences Act, 2012 and
pointing out the lacunae and shortcomings of the Act in
dealing with the peculiar nature of the problem.
Judicial Analysis of the Powers and Functions of the Administrative Tribunals
Authors: Gupta Sanjay , Sharma Smriti 
Published: July 2019

Administrative tribunals are adjudicating bodies
established to relieve the traditional courts from the ever
mounting pressure of litigation. This paper makes an
analysis of the powers and functions of the administrative
tribunals as laid down by the judiciary. A series of case
laws are examined at length which debate the nature of
the functions of the tribunals and also elucidate the
importance of tribunals in dispensation of justice.
Marital Rape: An Evaluation of the Patriarchal Injustice in the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013
Authors: Shivika Choudhary 
Published: July 2019

The traditional belief that marriage provides a husband with sole rights over his wife, thereby exempting him from any prosecution for raping his wife, has been the justification for denying a woman the right to consent to sexual intercourse in marriage. Unfortunately, this belief has been a source of subjugation and exploitation of women at the behest of their husbands. Despite recommendations to revoke it, the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 has retained the marital exception. The purpose of this article is to examine this dichotomy in the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 that punishes rape as such, but does not penalise a husband raping his wife of fifteen years or above.
Employing doctrinal method of research, this article analyses the various discrepancies and ambiguities in the Act of 2013 that perpetuate this culture of oppression and violence. Consent is the antithesis to rape. Thus, having examined the need for a married woman’s right to consent, this note examines the ensuing lacunae that grant legal sanction to child marriages, create an unexplained discrepancy in the punishment for rape, and create variations in the age of consent and the age for availing exception. The recognition of marital rape when spouses live separately and not otherwise appears to be a mysterious distinction. Further, treatment of marital rape
ESCALA E TEMPO NA ANÁLISE DA PAISAGEM
Authors: Costa Evelyn De Castro Porto , Seabra Vinicius Da Silva 
Published: July 2019

O conceito de escala é de suma importância para estudos geográficos de qualquer natureza, sendo importante compreender as definições desse conceito para realizar escolhas adequadas da escala em estudos geográficos. A escala espacial e a temporal são variáveis importantes na delimitação da área e estudos, sendo o fenômeno estudado responsável pela escolha mais apropriada das escalas. Também é relevante ressaltar que com o desenvolvimento das geotecnologias, a perspectiva escalar ganha destaque nas imagens de sensoriamento remoto, tendo em vista a correlação desse conceito com as generalizações cartográficas e detalhamento do objeto. Nesse sentido, este trabalho discute os conceitos de escala, apresentando sua importância para os estudos geográficos, dando ênfase na análise da paisagem em perspectivas espaço-temporais. Para o estudo foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos de autores que trabalham com o conceito de escala em diferentes perspectivas, utilizando exemplos do uso de escalas em estudos geográficos.
Anti–Hu-Mediated Paraneoplastic Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction Arising From Small Cell Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cerra-Franco Javier A. , Fernandez-Cruz Carlos , Estremera-Marcial Rodolfo , Pagan-Torres Hendrick , Martinez-Souss Jaime , Toro Doris H. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology is not well understood, although it is postulated that it involves some sort of neuropathic and/or myopathic dysfunction resulting in intestinal dysmotility. We present the first case of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction secondary to a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with a primary small cell prostate cancer.
The Suicide of Leelah Alcorn: Whiteness in the Cultural Wake of Dying Queers
Authors: Schares Evan Mitchell 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article, I examine public discourse in the wake of transgender teenager Leelah Alcorn’s suicide. I argue that Alcorn’s politicized suicide beckoned a national tragedy whereas the slew of queer and transgender people of color murdered did not because of the repeated deployments of a whiteness-derived innocence. Performances of hegemonic grief evinced Alcorn’s posthumous rhetorical agency in ways that caused responsible adults to take action against the violence of conversion therapy on U.S. queer youth. In this article, I analyze how the rhetorics and performances of white grief functioned as an exigence for a queer of color critique that used the wake of Alcorn to unhinge logics of white supremacy and white grievability. As queers of color labored in Alcorn’s wake to grieve their own dead in more public ways, they demonstrated how queers of color shoulder the burden of evincing their own trauma more so than their white counterparts. The cultural wake of Alcorn suggests that hegemonic grief functions as a modality of white supremacy while determining whose life is worthy of remembrance and a place in the queer imaginary.
FOTOACÚSTICA PULSADA APLICADA A LA DETERMINACIÓN DE UMBRALES DE ABLACIÓN LÁSER EN METALES
Authors: Agreda-Paredes Jesús N. , Agreda-Delgado Jhenry F. , Aldama Reyna Claver W. 
Published: July 2019

Se determinaron los umbrales de ablación láser de los metales cobre, oro y plata para la radiación láser de 1064 nm de un láser Nd:YAG de nanosegundos utilizándose la técnica fotoacústica pulsada para registrar las señales fotoacústicas producidas debido a la interacción del metal con los pulsos láser. Dichas señales se analizaron mediante correlación estándar y los cambios en la amplitud fotoacústica conforme aumento la fluencia láser. Los resultados indican que las señales fotoacústicas son muy sensibles a cambios físicos que experimenta una muestra solida debido a la interacción con pulsos láser, pudiendo diferenciarse claramente el cambio del régimen termoelástico al de ablación y por consiguiente el umbral de ablación. Los valores obtenidos para la fluencia umbral fueron: (1.71±0.08) J/cm2 para el cobre, (1.65±0.09) J/cm2 para el oro y (1.15±0.05) J/cm2 para la plata.
After the Loss of an Infant: Suppression of Breast Milk Supply
Authors: Warr Donna L. 
Published: July 2019

Following an infant death, if breast milk production is not weaned, this could lead to issues for the mother. Lactation suppression can be done safely with proper education and support. Caregivers should be educated on how to provide support to the lactating woman during this difficult situation. An abrupt wean can lead to engorgement and milk trapping. This can be uncomfortable and possibly lead to mastitis with infection. The mother who has been providing breast milk needs special attention. Providing her with the knowledge of what to expect and the use of comfort measures will make the discontinuation of her milk production a smoother and more comfortable process.The emotional support of the grieving process begins in the NICU. Encourage follow-up for the bereaved family by offering them resources. Give the parents the option to donate breast milk. In some situations, donation promotes healing and closure.
Genetic Markers of the Cattle Foot and Mouth Disease Virus: Genomic Analysis
Authors: Khammadov N. I. 
Published: July 2019

Objective of this work was to search for genome loci of various types of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus, characterized by the lowest variability, to be used as genetic markers in the PCR-indication of the virus.Materials and methods. The resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and BLAST and Vector NTI 9.1.0 software utilities were employed in the research. Plasmid DNA with marker insertion was utilized for PCR amplification.Results and discussion. The nucleotide sequences of FMD virus genomes, the types A, Asia-1, C, O and SAT (1, 2 and 3), were analyzed. In the process of aligning of isolate genomes of each type, potentially conservative sites were identified. The comparison between these loci has revealed one most conserved locus, and the subsequent BLAST analysis has established its high specificity to FMD virus genome. Primers and a probe were selected for this locus. In addition, the oligonucleotide primers were selected for the three genes included in the cattle genome that are least homologous to the specific oligonucleotides. The primers/probe were used as internal control of amplification. To control the progress of amplification, a positive control has been developed that has a nucleotide sequence of the marker region of FMD virus genome. It was found out that genomes of certain virus isolates show high level of polymorphism in relation to PCR-probe (12 isolates by A, Asia-1, SAT1, and SAT2 serotypes). However, modifications of the PCR-probe (Pas FMDV and Psat FMDV) allow for elimination of the effect of such variability on the number of virus isolates identification. Nucleotide sequences of the primers, probes and positive controls are presented in the tables.
Identification of the Mechanisms of Acetoin Production Change in Genetically Altered Vibrio cholerae Strains O1 Biovar El Tor
Authors: Zadnova S. P. , Kritsky A. A. , Plekhanov N. A. , Guseva N. P. , Lozovsky Yu. V. , Smirnova N. I. 
Published: July 2019

Objective of the study was to determine the mechanisms of acetoin biosynthesis change in genetically altered El Tor V. cholerae strains in Voges-Proskauer test.Materials and methods. We used nine genetically altered V. cholerae O1 strains, biovar El Tor, imported in the territory of the Russian Federation and Ukraine between 1993–2011, and four typical strains isolated in 1970–1972. When assessing acetoin production in V. cholerae strains in Voges-Proskauer test, the strain V. cholerae 569B O1 serogroup, classical biovar served as negative control of the assay. Relative gene expression was studied using real-time RT-PCR. Protein model construction was performed by means of automated server SWISS – MODEL.Results and discussion. It has been demonstrated that diagnostically significant feature – VogesProskauer reaction, utilized for V. cholerae O1 biovar differentiation, is changed in all investigated genetically altered strains of cholera agent, isolated in different periods of the current seventh pandemic (66.7 % of the strains show weakly positive reaction, 33.3 % – negative one). The data obtained testify to the reduction or absence of acetoin production in the investigated strains. Analysis of four structural genes of als operon, as well as expression of regulatory genes alsR and аphA, responsible for acetoin biosynthesis, has revealed that changes in acetoin production in the genovariants stem from the deletion of a single nucleotide (T in the position 315) in the structural gene alsD, encoding acetolaktat decarboxylase, and also from high levels of negative acetoin biosynthesis regulator expression – аphA gene. Modeling of the spatial (3-D) structure of AlsD protein in the genovariant M1293 and the reference-strain N16961 has shown that AlsD protein of the genovariant is, indeed, considerably reduced. However, spontaneous decarboxylation is possible in the absence of acetolaktat decarboxylase, which phenotypically manifests itself in borderline positive Voges-Proskauer test.
Team Approach: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Jayakumar Prakash , Moore Meredith Licata Grogan , Bozic Kevin J. 
Published: July 2019

» Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee is common and contributes substantially to the global burden of disability, comorbid disease, and health-care expenditure.» Osteoarthritis is traditionally managed with nonoperative and operative interventions that demonstrate substantial variations in costs, utilization, and access to care. The provision of these treatments by a range of health-care professionals lends itself to a coordinated, multidisciplinary team approach.» This review characterizes a team approach in the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis from a systems perspective, describes an integrated care delivery model targeting lower-extremity joint pain, and illustrates this model’s functionality with the case of a 69-year-old overweight man with severe bilateral knee osteoarthritis and depression.» A comprehensive team approach involves multiple disciplines that are fully accountable and responsive to the needs, preferences, and values of patients over the full episode of care.» Future studies should assess, for individuals with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee, the impact of different team approaches and models of care on health outcomes, health-care spending, and utilization.