bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rossby Waves with Continuous Stratification and Bottom Friction
Authors: Brink K. H. , Pedlosky J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPublished observations of subinertial ocean current variability show that the vertical structure is often well described by a vertical mode that has a node of horizontal velocity at the bottom rather than the traditional node of vertical velocity. The theory of forced and free linear Rossby waves in a continuously stratified ocean with a sloping bottom and bottom friction is treated here to see if frictional effects can plausibly contribute to this phenomenon. For parameter values representative of the mesoscale, bottom dissipation by itself appears to be too weak to be an explanation, although caution is required because the present approach uses a linear model to address a nonlinear phenomenon. One novel outcome is the emergence of a short-wave, bottom-trapped, strongly damped mode that is present even with a flat bottom.
Impact of UAS Global Hawk Dropsonde Data on Tropical and Extratropical Cyclone Forecasts in 2016
Authors: Kren A. C. , Cucurull L. , Wang H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA preliminary investigation into the impact of dropsonde observations from the Global Hawk (GH) on tropical and extratropical forecasts is performed using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS). Experiments are performed during high-impact weather events that were sampled as part of the NOAA Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Sensing Hazards with Operational Unmanned Technology (SHOUT) field campaigns in 2016: 1) three extratropical systems in February 2016 and 2) Hurricanes Matthew and Nicole in the western Atlantic. For these events, the benefits of GH observations under a satellite data gap scenario are also investigated. It is found that the assimilation of GH dropsondes reduces the track error for both Matthew and Nicole; the improvements are as high as 20% beyond 60 h. Additionally, the localized dropsondes reduce global forecast track error for four tropical cyclones by up to 9%. Results are mixed under a satellite gap scenario, where only Hurricane Matthew is improved from assimilated dropsondes. The improved storm track is attributed to a better representation of the steering flow and atmospheric midlevel pattern. For all cases, dropsondes reduce the root-mean-square error in temperature, relative humidity, wind, and sea level pressure by 3%–8% out to 96 h. Additional benefits from GH dropsondes are obtained for precipitation, with higher skill scores over the southeastern United States versus control forecasts of up to 8%, as well as for low-level parameters important for severe weather prediction. The findings from this study are preliminary and, therefore, more cases are needed for statistical significance.
Predicting the Inland Penetration of Long-Lake-Axis-Parallel Snowbands
Authors: Eipper Daniel T. , Young George S. , Greybush Steven J. , Saslo Seth , Sikora Todd D. , Clark Richard D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPredicting the inland penetration of lake-effect long-lake-axis-parallel (LLAP) snowbands is crucial to public safety because LLAP bands can produce hazardous weather well downwind of the parent lake. Accordingly, hypotheses for the variation in inland penetration of LLAP-band radar echoes (InPen) are formulated and tested. The hypothesis testing includes an examination of statistical relationships between environmental variables and InPen for 34 snapshots of LLAP bands observed during the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field campaign. Several previously proposed predictors of LLAP-band formation or InPen demonstrate weak correlations with InPen during OWLeS. A notable exception is convective boundary layer (CBL) depth, which is strongly correlated with InPen. In addition to CBL depth, InPen is strongly correlated with cold-air advection in the upper portion of the CBL, suggesting that boundary layer destabilization produced by vertically differential cold-air advection may be an important inland power source for preexisting LLAP bands. This power production is quantified through atmospheric energetics and the resulting variable, differential thermal advection power (DTAP), yields reasonably skillful predictions of InPen. Nevertheless, an InPen model developed using DTAP is outperformed by an empirical model combining CBL depth and potential temperature advection in the upper portion of the CBL. This two-variable model explains 76% of the observed InPen variance when tested on independent data. Finally, implications for operational forecasting of InPen are discussed.
Non-traumatic ligamentum teres tears: association with MRI morphometry of the hip
Authors: Park Juyoung , Kang Yusuhn , Ahn Joong Mo , Lee Eugene , Lee Joon Woo , Kang Heung Sik 
Published: August 2018

Background The ligamentum teres has been recognized as an important stabilizer of the hip. Purpose We aimed to examine the relationship between non-traumatic ligamentum teres (LT) tear and hip morphometry on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods Fifty patients who had undergone hip MRI were included (27 men, 23 women; average age = 54.0 years). The status of the LT and the morphometric hip parameters were assessed, including acetabular anteversion angle (AAA), acetabular depth (AD), acetabular index (AI), lateral center edge angle (LCEA), and extrusion index (EI). The morphometric hip parameters were compared between groups with one-way ANOVA, Student’s t-test, and Mann–Whitney U test. Results A decreased acetabular coverage was noted in the severe tear group compared to the normal group, indicated by a significantly larger AD ( P = 0.001) and smaller LCEA ( P = 0.016). There was a statistically significant difference in the AAA, AD, and LCEA between the normal group and the complete tear group; the AAA was significantly larger ( P = 0.031), the AD was significantly larger ( P = 0.01), and the LCEA was significantly smaller ( P = 0.043) in the complete tear group compared to the normal group. Conclusion There is an association between LT tears and acetabular bony morphology; an insufficient acetabular coverage is associated with complete tear of the LT. As the insufficient acetabular coverage may predispose to ligamentum teres tear, the ligamentum teres should be thoroughly evaluated in those with insufficient acetabular coverage, as a potential cause of hip pain.
Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in patients undergoing radical cystectomy
Authors: Wei Chunxiao , Wan Fengchun , Zhao Haiwei , Ma Jiajia , Gao Zhenli , Lin Chunhua 
Published: August 2018

Objective This study was performed to evaluate the application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). Methods The clinical data of 192 patients who underwent RC were collected in this retrospective cohort study. Among them, 91 patients who underwent ERAS were allocated to the ERAS group, and the remaining 101 patients who underwent traditional postoperative care procedures were allocated to the non-ERAS group. Perioperative indexes in the two groups were compared. The ERAS components included rehabilitation exercise, carbohydrate fluid loading, cessation of nasogastric tubes, omission of oral bowel preparation, regional local anesthesia, body-warming procedures, reduced drainage use, and early postoperative drinking and eating. Results The times from RC to first water intake, first ambulation, first anal exhaust, first defecation, and pelvic drainage tube removal were significantly shorter and the hospitalization costs were significantly lower in the ERAS than non-ERAS group. The intraoperative blood loss volume, blood transfusion rate, readmission rate, and incidence of postoperative complications were also significantly lower in the ERAS than non-ERAS group. Conclusion ERAS may effectively accelerate patient rehabilitation and reduce the length of stay, incidence of postoperative complications, readmission rates, and hospitalization costs for patients undergoing RC.
Toxicity and effectiveness of carboplatin in obese or overweight patients
Authors: Grueso Cuesta Cristina , Poquet Jornet Jaime E , Gasent Blesa Juan M , Valdivia Perez Antonio , Carrera Hueso Francisco J , Moreno Royo Lucrecia 
Published: August 2018

Objective To evaluate the efficiency and toxicity of carboplatin using actual body weight in obese/overweight patients using the Calvert formula with Cockcroft–Gault for CrCl estimation. Methods We evaluated the association of BMI in regards to efficiency and toxicity in a retrospective cohort study of patients who started treatment with carboplatin between 2012 and 2013. Cohorts included obese/overweight patients and normal-weight patients. Efficiency was measured by overall survival, progression-free survival and response rate. Toxicity was measured by the proportion of dose reductions and delays of chemotherapy cycles. We utilized a bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results Eighty-six patients were included in the study (50% obese/overweight). There was not a statistically significant difference in effectiveness and toxicity between the two groups in BMI. In the multivariate analysis, BMI not was associated with overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.54–1.66, p = 0.849), progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.54–1.54; p = 0.732), cycle delays (odds ratio (OR): 1.47, 95% CI: 0.80–2.69, p = 0.218) or carboplatin dose reductions (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.35–2.15, p = 0.760). Response rate was 53.5% in both groups. Conclusions In our study, obese and overweight cancer patients did not show a statistically significant difference in terms of effectiveness and toxicity compared to normal-weight cancer patients who were treated with carboplatin using their actual body weight with the Calvert formula and Cockcroft–Gault for CrCl estimation. Therefore, it was appropriate to use the actual body weight for our patients.
Transnational social mobility of minorities: a comparative analysis of 14 immigrant minority groups
Authors: Kislev Elyakim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere is extensive scholarship on the condition of being a minority in one’s home country and vast literature on the experience of immigrants in host countries. However, almost no attention has been paid to the distinct mechanisms pertaining to immigrants who were minorities in the source country and moved to another. This paper integrates the literature on minorities with that of migration and addresses this gap by developing a theory of a growing phenomenon: the transnational social mobility of minorities. Using the US census and the American Community Survey, 14 groups of minorities (e.g., British Pakistanis) who immigrated to the USA are compared to the corresponding majority groups from the same country (e.g., the British majority). Findings show that all minorities have a lower starting point than the corresponding majority group from the same country. However, non-black minorities succeed faster and, in some cases, even pass majorities over time. In contrast, black immigrant minorities remain disadvantaged in comparison to whites from the same country.
Distraction ligamentotaxis for complex proximal interphalangeal joint fracture dislocations: a clinical study and the modified pins rubber band traction system revisited
Authors: Lo Cheng Hean , Nothdurft Simone H. , Park Hye-Sung , Paul Eldho , Leong James 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study is to present our experience with the modified pins and rubber band traction system, discuss problems encountered, and make recommendations to optimize outcomes.

Methods
Data was collected prospectively from November 2013 to March 2017 at a tertiary referral hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Patients with closed complex proximal interphalangeal joint fracture dislocations that were considered unsuitable for other surgical options were included in the study. Patients underwent dynamic skeletal distraction using the modified (Deshmukh) pins rubber band traction system. Outcomes were measured using the Nominal Rating Scale for pain; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score; active and passive range of motion; patient rating scale; and complications.

Results
Twenty patients underwent the procedure, and 19 were included in analyses. At the final follow-up assessment, an average of 62° and 77° was achieved for proximal interphalangeal joint active and passive range of motion, respectively. Pain levels were low (median score of 0 at rest and 1 ranging, out of 10). Four patients suffered minor pin site infections.

Conclusion
Distraction ligamentotaxis is a useful part of the armamentarium, especially in the absence of more suitable procedures. It is important to select appropriate patients, educate, and ensure adherence to postoperative therapy. Employing the Deshmukh frame modification streamlines the theatre processes, and removal of wires at approximately 4 weeks minimizes risk of pin site infection.
ANALISA NILAI THRUST DAN TORQUE PROPELLER TIPE B-SERIES PADA KAPAL SELAM MIDGET 150M DENGAN VARIASI SKEW ANGLE DAN BLADE AREA RATIO (AE/AO) MENGGUNAKAN METODE CFD
Authors: Setyabudi Putra Bangkit , Chrismianto Deddy , Rindo Good 
Published: August 2018

AbstrakKapal selam merupakan kapal yang mampu beroperasi dibawah air dengan mandiri, namun juga harus bergerak senyap dibawah air tanpa terdeteksi. Maka dari itu salah satu kebutuhan paling penting dalam kapal selam adalah Baling-Baling atau Propeller. Baling-baling kapal selam membutuhkan beberapa kriteria khusus yaitu baling-baling kapal yang dapat memberikan gaya dorong yang besar dengan tingkat kebisingan yang rendah. Maka desain propeller harus memiliki nilai thrust yang besar, nilai tekanan yang rendah, dan aliran baling-baling yang halus. Penelitian ini menganalisa baling-baling kapal selam jenis B-7 Series dengan variasi Skew Angle (27.70, 29.70 dan 31.70) dan Blade Area Ratio (0.55, 0.59 dan 0.70) dengan penambahan Kort Nozzle C Tipe Shushkin Nozzle serta dengan tiga nilai RPM yaitu, 400 RPM, 450 RPM dan 500 RPM, sehingga didapatkan jenis baling – baling yang optimum untuk kapal selam midget type 150 m dengan menggunakan program Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Dalam proses analisa menggunakan software berbasis CFD, kami mendapatkan hasil dari semua model baling – baling yaitu bentuk aliran, nilai thrust dan nilai pressure yang berbeda sesuai dengan RPM yang diberikan. Dari kesembilan variasi model yang telah dibandingkan didapat model baling – baling yang optimum yaitu B – 7 Series pada Model 2 (27,70 & 0,59) putaran 400 RPM dengan nilai rata-rata tekanan 66,34 Pa, dan aliran turbulen dengan kecepatan rata - rata 15,56 m/s.Kata kunci : Kapal Selam, Propeller, Skew Angle, Blade Area Ratio (Ae/Ao), Kort Nozzle, dan CFD
ANALISIS KERETAKAN PELAT ZONA LAMBUNG KAPAL BERBAHAN FIBER GLASS
Authors: Marasabessy Amir , Siagian Saut 
Published: August 2018

Produksi kapal fiber glass di berbagai galangan kapal di Indonesia proses laminasi masih dilakukan secara manual (hand lay-up) di areal terbuka, hal ini sangat rentang terjadi udara terperangkap (air trap) yang dapat menimbulkan lepuh (blistering). Perawatan pitting defect akibat blistering, oleh galangan kapal hanya di sekrap, dibersihkan, didempul, diratakan/ dihaluskan dan gelcoat painting. Tujuan penelitian adalah menyelidiki penyebab kerusakan/ keretakan pelat zona lambung berkaitan dengan blistering. Metode yang digunakan adalah mengamati proses produksi dan pemeliharaan zona lambung kapal fiber glass dan pengujian pelat blistering zona lambung yang dibandingkan dengan pelat asli menggunakan peralatan uji FTIR sesuai standar ASTM E1252-07 dengan metode ATR dan Morphology Analysis. Sesuai pengamatan lapangan, galangan kapal tidak melakukan pengukuran kandungan air diarea blistering yang terdapat pitting defect sehingga terjadi peristiwa osmosis sebagaimana ditunjukan pada spektrum FTIR yakni terjadi penurunan intensitas bilangan gelombang dari gugus puncak 1724 cm-1 ke 1722 cm-1 disamping terdapat puncak tambahan pada sampel pelat blister akibat reaksi hidrolisa pada serat penguat, juga terdapat kerusakan yang signifikan pada pelat blistering dan terdapat rongga sehingga menimbulkan kelembaban dalam serat penguat. Dalam waktu (2 s/d 3) tahun serat penguat akan menjadi rapuh/getas sehingga jika terjadi benturan dengan gelombang laut atau objek lain dapat menyebabkann kerusakan/keretakan.
ANALISA KEBUTUHAN MATERIAL KAPAL 3 GT UNTUK GALANGAN KAPAL MULTIFUNGSI
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad 
Published: August 2018

Ketersediaan kapal nelayan kabupaten Bengkalis berjumlah 1119 buah kapal nelayan. Yang terdiri dari kapal nelayan 1 GT sebanyak 246 unit, Kapal nelayan 2 GT sebanyak 259 unit, Kapal nelayan 3 GT sebanyak 270 unit, Kapal nelayan 4 GT sebanyak 150 unit, Kapal nelayan 5 GT sebanyak 141 unit dan 6-10 GT sebanyak 53 unit. Dari data data tersebut, Bengkalis mempunyai potensi yang sangat besar untuk pembangunan sebuah galangan kapal dikarenakan masyarakat pulau bengkalis banyak yang bermata pencarian sebagai nelayan penangkap ikan. Galangan multifungsi adalah hal yang harus dibagun didaerah ini, mengingat semakin sulit didaerah ini untuk mendapatkan kayu, sehingga kapal fiber glass sebagai alternatif kedua untuk pembuatan kapal nelayan ini, galangan multifungsi hal yang layak untuk dibuat didaerah ini. Untuk itu hal yang harus dilakukan yaitu perhitungan materialnya, karena di daerah ini kapal 3GT yang lebih banyak, maka material yang dihitung adalah kapal yang berbobot 3 GT. Untuk mengetahui kebutuhan kayu dan fiberglass. Setelah dilakukan analisa perhitungan kebutuhan material kayu dan fiberglass maka didapatkan kebutuhan materialnya yaitu untuk material kayu yang dibutuhkan untuk pembuatan kapal 3 GT adalah sebanyak 2,5 Ton kayu. Sedangkan material fiberglass untuk pembuatan kapal 3 GT adalahGelcoat 23,5 Kg, Mat 199,4 Kg, WR 149,2 Kg, Resin 749 Kg
ANALISA KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKUATAN LENTUR BALOK LAMINASI KOMBINASI BAMBU PETUNG DAN BAMBU APUS UNTUK KOMPONEN KAPAL KAYU
Authors: Manik Parlindungan , Samuel Samuel , Prasetyo David Adhi 
Published: August 2018

Kapal kayu merupakan sarana transportasi tradisional yang hingga saat ini masih banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, baik untuk sarana transportasi, niaga maupun sarana rekreasi.Disisi lain pemanfaatan bambu selama ini belum optimal walapun hasil beberapa penelitian menunjukan bahwa bambu memiliki kekuatan dan keunggulan dibandingkan dengan material bangunan lainya. Maka dilakukan penelitian tentang laminasi bambu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai kadar air, kerapatan, kuat Tarik, MOR, modulus elastisitas dari laminasi bambu petung kombinasi bambu apus akibat perbedaan persentase variasi bahan (70% petung - 30% apus, 60% petung - 40% apus, 50% petung - 50% apus, 40% petung – 60% apus, 30% petung - 70% apus). Dalam penelitian ini dibuat balok laminasi bambu petung kombinasi bambu apus untuk uji kuat Tarik mengacu pada standar SNI 03-3399-1994 dan uji kuat lentur mengacu pada standar SNI 03- 3960- 1995. Hasil penelitian untuk untuk pengujian Tarik memiliki kadar air kering udara rata-rata 12,81 %, berat jenis terbesar 0,7294 gr/cm³ untuk spesimen tarik, kekuatan Tarik rata-rata sebesar 107,44 Mpa untuk kode T.7.3 (varian paling maksimal). Untuk laminasi bambu pengujian lentur memiliki nilai kadar air kering udara rata – rata sebesar 12,58%, berat jenis sebesar 0,7219 gr/cm³ untuk kode L.7.3 (varian paling maksimal), modulus of repture sebesar 105,96 Mpa, modulus elastisitas 9060,8 Mpa.
Pengujian Tarik Dan Impak Pada Pengerjaan Pengelasan SMAW Dengan Mesin Genset Menggunakan Diameter Elektroda Yang Berbeda
Authors: Mawahib M Zaenal , Jokosisworo Sarjito , Yudo Hartono 
Published: August 2018

Pengaruh hasil sumber daya listrik yang dihasilkan dari mesin genset yaitu kemungkinan terjadinya lubang cacing dan retak, dan apabila arus yang terlalu rendah akan mengakibatkan kurangnya penembusan dan kemungkinan terak terperangkap tinggi, sehingga dapat mengakibatkan kekuatan dari sambungan lasan yang rendah. Pengujian pada sambungan pengelasan yang berbeda diameter elektroda dengan menggunakan mesin genset, akan diperoleh kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan impak maksimum dari masing-masing material uji dan dapat diketahui pemilihan diameter elektroda yang paling baik digunakan untuk masing-masing pelat. Pengelasan menggunakan jenis sambungan butt joint (single V-groove) dengan sudut 600, dengan diameter elektroda 3,2 mm dan 4 mm dengan tebal masing-masing material uji 8 mm dan 10 mm. Hasil pengujian didapatkan kuat tarik dari diameter elektroda 3,2 mm tebal material 8 mm adalah rata-rata 443,747 N/mm2, diameter elektroda 3,2 mm tebal material 10 mm adalah rata-rata 435,187 N/mm2, diameter elektroda 4 mm tebal material 8 mm adalah rata-rata 447,23 N/mm2, dan diameter elektroda 4 mm tebal material 10 mm adalah rata-rata 447,07 N/mm2. Hasil penelitian, modulus elastisitas dan tegangan luluh sama-sama memiliki kenaikan nilai, serta nilai pada regangan menurun. Sedangkan hasil pengujian impak didapatkan energi impak dari diameter elektroda 3,2 mm tebal material 8 mm adalah rata-rata 90,67 Joule, diameter elektroda 3,2 mm tebal material 10 mm adalah rata-rata 295,9 Joule, diameter elektroda 4 mm tebal material 8 mm adalah rata-rata 44,91 Joule, dan diameter elektroda 4 mm tebal material 10 mm adalah rata-rata 273,83 Joule.
Fabrikasi Kapal Fiberglass Sebagai Bahan Alternatif Pengganti Kapal Kayu Untuk Meningkatkan Produktifitas Nelayan Di Perairan Bengkalis
Authors: Pardi P , Afriantoni A 
Published: August 2018

Ketersediaan material kayu sebagai bahan baku kapal nelayan saat ini semakin menipis. Hal ini menjadi masalah yang serius bagi sebagian besar masyarakat kabupaten Bengkalis yang berprofesi sebagai nelayan. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini memberikan solusi secara ilmiah untuk menggunakan bahan alternatif fiberglass sebagai bahan dasar fabrikasi kapal nelayan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang cara fabrikasi kapal fiberglass yang efektif dengan ukuran utama sebagai berikut : Lpp = 7,798m, B=1,575m, H=0,678m, T=0,4m dan Cb=0,449. Gambar desain yang digunakan untuk fabrikasi adalah gambar rencana garis (lines plan) dan gambar rencana umum (general arrangement). Langkah awal proses fabrikasi adalah membuat cetakan positif menggunakan material kayu dan multiplek. Cetakan positif lambung kapal mengikuti bentuk body kapal disesuaikan dengan gambar rencana garis setiap station. Sebelum proses laminasi dilakukan menggunakan material resin, serat glass (matt), woven roving(WR), katalis dan tepung aerosil cetakan diberi mirorglass untuk mempermudah pelepasan hasil cetakan. Ketebalan yang digunakan pada pembuatan lambung kapal ini adalah sekitar 6 mm atau 6 layer. Setelah lambung selesai dilaminasi kemudian dibuat gading (frame) memanjang dan melintang sesuai dengan desain gambar general arrangement. Sekat dan bangunan atas dibuat bentuknya menggunakan multiplek 12 mm kemudian dilaminasi menggunakan fiberglass untuk memperkuat dan menghindari kerusakan karena faktor air laut.