bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Lift Failures and Operational Challenges in a Chemical EOR Field - A Comparative Analysis of Sucker Rod Pumps and Electric Submersible Pumps
Authors: Hoy M. , Derler M. , Lobianco L. , Knauhs P. , Marschall C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
OMV Austria E&P looks back on more than a decade of polymer flooding in one of its mature oil fields within the Vienna basin. Rapidly increasing material prices and longer delivery times put especially the chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) operators under pressure. Production improvement and run life optimization of Artificial Lift (AL) systems are two key aspects to enhance the cost effectiveness of their brown fields. In OMV Austria, the operation of Sucker Rod Pumps (SRPs) in polymer back producing fields is a standard technology, while Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) still represent a novelty in this special application.
Both the success of design adaptations and operational challenges over a decade of polymer flooding got reviewed. Special attention was drawn to the potential negative effects of the non-Newtonian back produced polymer. In addition, internal tear-downs of all pulled pump installations rendered valuable data for the subsequent root cause analysis on the most common failure mode.
The comparison of failures in polymer back producing versus conventional AL systems in OMV Austria showed a significant increase in corrosion and wear failures in polymer wells. For both SRPs and ESPs remedial actions were defined in order to elongate the run life of the installations. Furthermore, the necessity for design adaptations could be validated and further optimized.
The presented analysis supports the pilot scope of the ESP wells with more information and clearly demonstrates that ESPs can be used in future polymer development projects within the OMV Group. Addressing the operational and run life challenges effectively leads to improved oil recovery rates and extended reservoir life, making polymer waterflooding a viable EOR option for mature oil fields.
Case Study on Digital Surface Controlled Gas Lift for Unconventional and Mature Fields
Authors: Shaw Joel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives / Scope
A new surface controlled gas lift technology focused on cost sensitive applications has been recently developed and deployed the Permian Basin of West Texas. This paper will describe the new technology, summarize the installation process, and discuss its relevance to other unconventional, onshore, and mature field applications.

Methods, Procedures, and Processes
This discussion initially summarizes the advantages this new iteration of digital surface controlled gas lift offers over more traditional gas lift methodologies. That is followed by a description of a recent unconventional installation highlighting additional advantages. It further offers considerations that drive a successful installation. That leads directly to other applications appropriate for this technology.

Results, Observations, and Conclusions
The successful installation showcases the intersection of engineering and field experience. Exposure to a broad spectrum of environments has built an understanding of the elements and features critical to specific applications. Lessons learned from extensive installations and designs have helped hone this tool into one that caters to unconventional and mature assets. Vast field experience has guided the processes and preparation required to implement a successful implementation. This has now been proven by the successful implementation of the technology in an unconventional application and holds true for challenging applications worldwide.

Novel/Additive Information
Surface controlled gas lift systems have been installed in premium wells all over the world. However, this case study and the new surface controlled gas lift system provide an example and opportunity to expand this technology to a broader set of wells in unconventional and mature fields.
Techno-Commercial Study for Selecting Efficient Artificial Lift Method
Authors: Ghamdi Ahmed Khalid. , Sumananda Chrysostom. , Partadiwirya Rusam. , Rivera Villarreal Leigber Eduardo. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Gas Lift and Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) are two well-established techniques used to increase or restore oil wells production. Both methods are commonly utilized in the industry and each approach has its own set of benefits and drawbacks. The decision regarding which one to use is based on various technical and commercial factors.
This study offers a comprehensive comparison of gas lift and ESP based on critical technical attributes such as well depth, reservoir pressure, and fluid properties, as well as commercial factors like installation cost, operating cost, and maintenance cost. The aim of this analysis is to provide a detailed evaluation of the two methods and establish a clear understanding of their suitability for specific applications. The study also investigates the economic feasibility of each method by analyzing their production rates, energy efficiency, and overall return on investment.
Gas lift is a widely used method for wells with low-to-medium depth and low-to-medium reservoir pressure. Gas lift has low installation costs, requires minimal maintenance, and is relatively energy-efficient. However, it may not be suitable for wells with high water cut or high viscosity fluids.
ESP, on the other hand, is a commonly used method for wells with high depth and suited to handle any water cut. The installation costs associated with ESP are considerable, and the system requires regular maintenance to function optimally. Additionally, ESP consumes a significant amount of energy. However, it can provide high production rates but cannot handle high gas-to-oil ratios and viscous fluids.
Ultimately, the choice between gas lift and ESP depends on a thorough evaluation of the technical and commercial factors specific to each well. Factors such as well depth, reservoir pressure, fluid properties, installation cost, operating cost, and maintenance cost must be considered to determine the most suitable method for the well.
Using Rolling Survivability and MTTF for Tracking the ESP Performance and Reliability and Identify Promptly the Continuous Improvement Plans
Authors: Wang F. , Suarez L. , Chacon E. , Savarimuthu J. , Guiter K. J. , Shang S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
"What gets measured gets improved."
There are many different methods in the industry in measuring the ESP performance. Average run life for active ESPs and/or for inactive ESPs and/or for all ESPs is a simple method to calculate average run life for a certain population but the result maybe misleading especially it maybe change up and down greatly due to high or low frequency of new installations. MTBF or MTTF method is preferred by some companies but the result maybe misleading too. MTBF or MTTF is not service life and the calculation assumed constant ESP failure rate which is not a reality. It is therefore difficult to understand real ESP performance subsequently hard to identify areas of improvement.
The Kaplan Meier method is another widely used one in reliability analysis. The MTTF is calculated as the total area under the Kaplan Meier curve. This paper uses the same method but for a basis of rolling datapoint, plotting R(90), R(180), R(270) and R(365) monthly progression. The trend could indicate the reliability improvement over time or at specific period due to specific in ESP applications. It could also visualize the deterioration of the reliability due to improper way of operating the ESP. 1 year data rolling is used for reflecting better the changes of R(90) and R(180). 2 years rolling data is recommended for R(270) and R(365). This new reliability metrics for ESP performance analysis has been successfully used in US Land.
Raw data would need to be extracted from business system or local tracking database. This should include as many details as possible, such activity date, pull date, customer, county, depth, casing information, Pump/Motor/completion types, BHT, well conditions etc. Upon calculation after process the raw activity data, the monthly evolution of the R(t) over time since January 2020 are plotted out. Such graph visualizes the changes of reliability until May 2024, at the time of the paper is being drafted.
By analyzing the rolling R(t), directions of improvements are clear, and area of improvements then can be promptly identified with the common tools and methodologies such high tier DIFA.
Some operators changed the fracking process after they acquired the asset from previous operator. The reliability dropped and stayed at much lower level for all R(180), R(270) and R(365), due to the heavy wear from much more sand production. The comparison of reliability before and after the acquisition, and among peers in the same region are presented clearly that the need of review the fracking service and technology of sand avoidance, and upgrade the ESP metallurgy so as to improve the longevity of the ESP.
Some operators where there is large volume of installations monthly improved the ESP reliability over the time continuously, through successfully implementation of new technologies, DIFA and engineering upgrades/improvements.
An Artificial Intelligent Cutting-Edge Technology for Automated Field Production Optimization & ESP Failures Prediction
Authors: El Sherbeny W. I. , Denver L. , Rameraize S. , Azzaz R. , Sobhi S. , Al Aseef S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Unpredicted an Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) failure can have a serious impact on well production and overall field economics; therefore, it is important to reliably predict the starting time of damaging operating conditions and take proactive action to prevent early failure of an ESP. Most operators rely mainly on production engineers to monitor and optimize equipment performance with remote monitoring and surveillance technologies that provide threshold-based diagnostics to detect electrical or mechanical problems. Due to fundamental constraints in exception-based monitoring, it is extremely difficult to reliably predict the root cause of equipment failure and remaining useful life (RUL) of an ESP.

Methods, Procedures, Process
Predictive Failure Analysis (PFA) leverages artificial intelligence (AI), statistical and physics-based models to constantly predict Remaining Useful Life (RUL) and possible failure cause. The models are qualified and validated using historical sensor time-series from both running and failed ESPs. The validated models are deployed to predict short-term events that may lead to sudden failure, such as a broken shaft, short-circuit, grounded downhole failure; as well as long-term events which build up over time, such as pump low efficiency, sand, scale deposition and gassy conditions.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
The paper presents a case history for a major operator that was experiencing similar operational challenges in three of its producing assets. unpredicted failures happen frequently since they are hard to predict ahead of time with the data available to production engineers. This case study demonstrates how Advanced ESP Predictive Failure Analytics (PFA) technology has helped this operator to detect such events and extend ESP run life. For one ESP, PFA detected scale deposition and predicted a sharp decline in RUL. After confirming the decrease in production fluid, and other surface and downhole sensor trends indicating scale deposition in the ESP, the production engineer applied chemical injection and avoided the failure. For a second ESP in this case study, PFA detected a grounding condition and predicted sudden decline in RUL. The production engineer noticed motor amps increased beyond the recommended threshold and performed electrical optimization to reduce motor amps. The ESP ran for another year and eventually failed due to grounded downhole sensor failure, which PFA had detected two weeks prior to the failure.

Novel/Additive Information
PFA is a unique approach that combines AI, physics-based, and expert knowledge-based approaches to provide interpretable predictions of ESP failure. Unlike traditional CBM approaches, PFA generates fewer alarms with longer lead times, enabling the operator to take preventive measures to avoid sudden failure. In addition, PFA ranks ESPs based on criticality, which enables effective surveillance of large number of wells.
Enhanced Measures and Procedures for Safe Installation and Operation of Electrical Submersible Pumps with Permanent Magnet Motors
Authors: Albori M. M. , Alsayedali A. A. , Balkhair O. M. , Funes M. S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Permanent magnet motor (PMM) applications in electrical submersible pump (ESP) artificial lifting method had been in an increasing trend. This is due to the advantages PMM provides compared with the existing utilized system of induction current motors (ICM). The paper will discuss handling and operational measurements when dealing with permanent magnet motor due to the difference of conventional system of ICM and non-conventional PMM operating principles.
The paper will discuss: different operating principles of ESP motors types used and procedures, measures and precautions used to deal with ESP motors in general and permanent magnet motors in particular during different processes such as installation or uninstallation events. Detailed view will be discussed in the paper covering ESP related motor and electrical system handling procedures. The procedures and processes used are in accordance with industrial approved establishments and organizations standards.
ESP downhole systems consists of different components that can be classified into two main systems: mechanical and electrical systems. The ESP electrical system requires additional auxiliaries’ systems, that includes surface system such as electrical transformers, and variable frequency drive (VFD). The electrical systems are considered one of the most critical system that enables ESP to work properly. Thus, understanding how systems work and differences between motor types and their working principle can help in choosing correct measurement to deal with such systems to complete jobs optimally. Detailed steps and processes during operational events will be discussed to handle ESP electrical systems and permanent magnet motors effectively.
Differentiating between motors types and required systems’ measurements will be discussed to understand the needed processes to complete required jobs in optimum and effective manners.
Direct Differentiation of Human Adult Adipose Tissue into Multilineage Functional Organoids
Authors: Li Qingfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Current strategies for generating organoids typically relay on intricate in vitro manipulation of dissociated stem cells including the isolation, expansion, and genetic processing of cells, which pose safety and scalability challenges for therapeutic translation. The direct generation of organoids from readily accessible tissues may offer a solution to these issues. Herein, we demonstrate the direct generation of functional organoids representing all three germ layers from human adult adipose tissue without any single-cell manipulation steps. Specifically, we generated reaggregated microfat (RMF) tissues from human adipose tissue using a specialized suspension culture system. These RMF tissues can be converted into mesodermal bone marrow organoids capable of reconstituting human normal hematopoiesis in immunodeficient mice; endodermal insulin-producing organoids able to reverse hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice; and ectodermal nervous-like tissues resembling neurons and neuroglial cells. These findings highlight the potential of human adult adipose tissue as a safe and scalable platform for generating diverse clinically-relevant organoids for regenerative therapy.
Economic Impacts and Opportunities in the Health App Industry
Authors: Mukhi Sushree Sangeeta , Tiwari Bhupendra Bahadur , Kuriakose Annu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The research paper revolves around the business of health apps across the world and possible impact of the number of users and downloads on the revenue generation of health apps. With the help of trend analysis and linear regression methods, significant impact was studied on the variables like users, downloads and revenue of health apps for past 8 years (N = 8) (2016 to 2023). The downloads (independent variable) didn’t show any significant impact on revenue (dependent variable) where p > 0.05 whereas the users (independent variable) showed a significant impact on revenue (dependent variable) where the p < 0.05. The users of these health apps play a significant role on the business of these health apps by directing impacting the revenue generation, whereas the downloads of these health apps don’t show any impact on the revenue generation of these health apps. The rise in the number of users boosted drastically during the pandemic year 2019 and 2020 and same impact can be seen on the revenue also.
Effective image and data analytics approaches for sub-surface defect detection and identification in composite materials from pulse thermography scans
Authors: Reta Carolina , Rico-Espino Jose-Guadalupe , Rodriguez-Hernandez Gerardo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The early detection of internal defects in wind turbine blades made of composite materials is crucial to prevent potential damage that could compromise their structural integrity and performance. Even minor defects, like porosity or fiber misalignment, can significantly affect the blade’s durability and strength, leading to costly maintenance or replacement.
This study examines four common types of sub-surface defects in composite material specimens, such as defective fiber misalignment, inclusion, fiber breakage, and porosity. We utilize a series of thermal images obtained through long-pulse active thermography of samples with induced sub-surface defects. Our approach analyzes the thermal image sequence to capture temperature changes during heat pulse exposure. In this work we present a segmentation method that effectively identifies regions corresponding to sub-surface defects, based on k-means clustering and watershed transform. Furthermore, our approach utilizes principal components projections for the visual identification of sub-surface defects. This valuable data is then fed into a set of machine learning classifiers, enabling their automatic classification. Remarkably, the na¨ıve Bayes classifier excelled in accurately identifying the four distinct types of sub-surface defects in the specimens.
By integrating the proposed segmentation and classification methods, our study enables the comprehensive analysis of sub-surface defects in composite materials, providing significant advancements for quality control in the manufacturing of wind turbine blades. Additionally, our study demonstrates the reliability of the long-pulse active thermography data for identifying and classifying subsurface defects in wind turbine blades.
Removal of amoxicillin employing Fenton-type process using delaminated clay and layered double hydroxides impregnated with Fe or Cu as catalysts
Authors: Lugo Lorena , Diaz John , Contreras Julián , Diaz Sergio , Centeno Miguel , García Juan Carlos Cortés , Moreno Sonia , Celis Crispín , Pérez-Flórez Alejandro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The presence of antibiotics in the environment has raised concerns due to their potential negative effects on ecosystems. Conventional water treatment methods are ineffective at removing antibiotics. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of Fenton-like processes catalyzed by delaminated clay and layered double hydroxides impregnated with Fe or Cu for the degradation of amoxicillin. The catalysts were obtained by synthesizing delaminated clay and layered double hydroxides and subsequently impregnating them with Fe or Cu. The characterization of catalysts involved X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N2 adsorption-desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Catalytic activity was assessed by varying the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the initial concentration of amoxicillin, and the amount of catalyst. The determination of byproducts was done by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QqTof). The study found that layered double hydroxides impregnated with Fe or Cu were able to remove 100% of amoxicillin in just 20 min. The study identified 16 byproducts, indicating a degradation process. Under all of the studied conditions, the copper catalysts showed the highest percentage of amoxicillin removal.
Current Status, Hotspots, and Future Directions of Research on the Treatment of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Evaluation
Authors: Xian Tongcheng , Wang Jie , Li Ruoyin , Yang Minye , Zhang Xuelin , Bie Jun , Luo Yi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor for which some of the current treatments are controversial or still in the preliminary stages of research.
Methods
In this study, we searched the relevant literature in the Web of Science core database from its inception to June 2024. After screening, we performed bibliometric analyses using CiteSpace and Microsoft Excel.
Results
In total, 1694 articles were included in this study. In this field of research, American and Italian institutes lead in the number of papers. Wells SA is the most influential author in this field and J CLIN ENDOCR METAB is the most cited journal. Management, calcitonin, RET gene, surgery, antiangiogenic therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy are the hot research areas in the field of MTC treatment. Prophylactic thyroidectomy, targeted therapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and positron emission tomography are future research frontiers and global trends.
Conclusions
Research in this field has focused on surgical treatment, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, imaging and treatment management. Based on the results of the bibliometric analysis, a systematic assessment of the current status and future research directions of various treatment options for MTC was conducted, providing new ideas for further research in the field of MTC treatment.