bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter the food utilization, growth, development and reproduction of armyworm (Mythimna separata) fed on Bacillus thuringiensis maize
Authors: Wang Long , Pokharel Sabin Saurav , Chen Fajun 
Published: September 2019

Background
The cultivation of Bt maize (maize genetically modified with Bacillus thuringiensis) continues to expand globally. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), an important kind of microorganism closely related to soil fertility and plant nutrition, may influence the ecological risk of target lepidopteran pests in Bt crops.

Methods
In this study, transgenic Bt maize (Line IE09S034 with Cry1Ie vs. its parental line of non-Bt maize cv. Xianyu335) was inoculated with a species of AMF, Glomus caledonium (GC). Its effects on the food utilization, reproduction and development of armyworm, Mythimna separata, were studied in a potted experiment from 2017 to 2018.

Results
GC inoculation increased the AMF colonization of both modified and non-modified maize, and also increased the grain weight per plant and 1,000-grain weight of modified and non-modified maize. However, the cultivation of Bt maize did not significantly affect the AMF colonization. The feeding of M. separata with Bt maize resulted in a notable decrease in RCR (relative consumption rate), RGR (relative growth rate), AD (approximate digestibility), ECD (efficiency of conversion of digested food) and ECI (efficiency of conversion of ingested food) parameters in comparison to those observed in larvae fed with non-Bt maize in 2017 and 2018, regardless of GC inoculation. Furthermore, remarkable prolongation of larval life span and decreases in the rate of pupation, weight of pupa, rate of eclosion, fecundity and adult longevity of M. separata were observed in the Bt treatment regardless of GC inoculation during the two-year experiment. Also, when M. separata was fed with Bt maize, a significant prolongation of larval life and significant decreases in the pupal weight, fecundity and adult longevity of M. separata were observed when inoculated with GC. However, it was just the opposite for larvae fed with non-Bt maize that was inoculated with GC. The increased percentage of larval life-span, the decreased percentages of the food utilization, and the other indexes of reproduction, growth, and development of M. separata fed on Bt maize relative to non-Bt maize were all visibly lower when under GC inoculation in contrast to the CK.

Discussion
It is presumed that Bt maize has a marked adverse impact on M. separata development, reproduction and feeding, especially when in combination with the GC inoculation. Additionally, GC inoculation favors the effectiveness of Bt maize against M. separata larvae by reducing their food utilization ability, which negatively affects the development and reproduction of the armyworm. Thus, Bt maize inoculated with AMF (here, GC) can reduce the severe threats arising of armyworms, and hence the AMF inoculation may play an important ecological functions in the field of Bt maize ecosystem, with potentially high control efficiency for the target lepidopteran pests.
Impact of Introducing Clinical Pharmacy Services in A Respiratory Diseases Clinic: A Report from North Cyprus
Authors: Abdi Abdikarim Mohamed , Rasmussen Finn , Demirdamar Rumeysa 
Published: September 2019

Aims: The Implementation of Clinical Pharmacy Services (CPS) in hospitals is currently gaining attention in an effort to rationalize drug use in many developing countries. This study aims to introduce and evaluate ward-based CPS in a Respiratory Diseases clinic in North Cyprus and assess its efficacy and physician's perceptions toward the services.
Study Design: A prospective interventional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the respiratory clinic from 01 December 2013, to 30 January 2014 at Near East University Hospital, in Nicosia, North Cyprus.
Methodology: Clinical Pharmacy Services (CPS) were introduced and documented over the study period of 60 days in a tertiary university hospital. DTPs and Interventions were documented and classified using DTP classification tool obtained from previous studies, and later evaluated by an independent clinical committee for their feasibility. Physician’s attitudes and perceptions were evaluated before for and after introducing CPS's using a questionnaire tool.
Results: 82.35% of the targeted physician's sample have responded to baseline survey, (n=17) majority (92%) did not have any previous interaction with clinical pharmacists, they generally well perceived and had high expectations to pharmaceutical care services in general. This further enhanced the post-implementation of CPS. 118 interventions were carried during the program, 86.6% accepted and regarded as clinically relevant. Interventions mostly related to cardiovascular agents. Add/ change/stop medications were the most common type of interventions (21%). Most common resultant outcome was to avoid adverse effects or toxicities. The intervention was significantly related to the number of drugs used (r=0,487; p=0,006), the rate of acceptance significantly was higher to services compared to DRP interventions (p<0.005).
Conclusion: The introduction of CPS's lead to clinically relevant and highly accepted optimization of medicine use in different wards and clinics including respiratory diseases clinic in the case of this study, it was relatively well perceived by physicians, but also could be more valued if more optimized and practiced by talented proactive clinical pharmacists within a multidisciplinary team.
Crystal structure of peptide‐bound neprilysin reveals key binding interactions
Authors: Moss Stephen , Subramanian Vasanta , Acharya K. Ravi 
Published: September 2019

Neprilysin (NEP) is a promiscuous zinc metalloprotease with broad substrate specificity and cleaves a remarkable diversity of substrates through endopeptidase action. Two of these – amyloid‐β and natriuretic peptides – implicate the enzyme in both Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular disease, respectively. Here, we report the creation of a catalytically inactive NEP (E584D) to determine the first peptide‐bound crystal structure at 2.6 Å resolution. The structure reveals key interactions involved in substrate binding which we have identified to be conserved in other known zinc metalloproteases. In addition, the structure provides evidence for a potential exosite within the central cavity that may play a critical role in substrate positioning. Together, these results contribute to our understanding of the molecular function of NEP.
Frequent mastery testing with second‐chance exams leads to enhanced student learning in undergraduate engineering
Authors: Morphew Jason W. , Silva Mariana , Herman Geoffrey , West Matthew 
Published: September 2019

SummaryLaboratory studies have routinely demonstrated that testing often leads to greater learning and retention than repeated studying. In the classroom, this effect has been replicated with memory and application tasks. However, studies of classrooms involving mathematical problem solving are sparse and have had mixed results. This paper presents the results of a quasi‐experimental study in an undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics course that investigated more frequent testing that incorporated aspects of mastery testing and second‐chance testing. Students in the frequent testing cohort scored seven percentage points higher and earned twice the number of As and half the number of failing grades. The advantage of frequent second‐chance mastery testing was found for both multiple‐choice and free‐response questions and remained after controlling for differences in student ability. Women and underrepresented minority students benefited from the altered testing environment to the same extent as the general population.
An Intrinsically Stretchable High‐Performance Polymer Semiconductor with Low Crystallinity
Authors: Zheng Yu , Wang Ging‐Ji Nathan , Kang Jiheong , Nikolka Mark , Wu Hung‐Chin , Tran Helen , Zhang Song , Yan Hongping , Chen Hu , Yuen Pak Yan , Mun Jaewan , Dauskardt Reinhold H. , McCulloch Iain , Tok Jeffrey B.‐H. , Gu Xiaodan , Bao Zhenan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFor wearable and implantable electronics applications, developing intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductor is advantageous, especially in the manufacturing of large‐area and high‐density devices. A major challenge is to simultaneously achieve good electrical and mechanical properties for these semiconductor devices. While crystalline domains are generally needed to achieve high mobility, amorphous domains are necessary to impart stretchability. Recent progresses in the design of high‐performance donor–acceptor polymers that exhibit low degrees of energetic disorder, while having a high fraction of amorphous domains, appear promising for polymer semiconductors. Here, a low crystalline, i.e., near‐amorphous, indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDTBT) polymer and a semicrystalline thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPPTT) are compared, for mechanical properties and electrical performance under strain. It is observed that IDTBT is able to achieve both a high modulus and high fracture strain, and to preserve electrical functionality under high strain. Next, fully stretchable transistors are fabricated using the IDTBT polymer and observed mobility ≈0.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 100% strain along stretching direction. In addition, the morphological evolution of the stretched IDTBT films is investigated by polarized UV–vis and grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction to elucidate the molecular origins of high ductility. In summary, the near‐amorphous IDTBT polymer signifies a promising direction regarding molecular design principles toward intrinsically stretchable high‐performance polymer semiconductor.
Direct Growth of Carbon Nanotubes Doped with Single Atomic Fe–N4 Active Sites and Neighboring Graphitic Nitrogen for Efficient and Stable Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Xia Dongsheng , Yang Xin , Xie Lin , Wei Yinping , Jiang Wulv , Dou Miao , Li Xuning , Li Jia , Gan Lin , Kang Feiyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSingle atomic Fe–Nx moieties embedded on a high surface area carbon (Fe–N/C) represents one of the most promising nonprecious metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. While significant progress has been made in the preparation of Fe–N/C catalysts with high‐density Fe–Nx sites, key structural descriptors determining the intrinsic activity of the Fe center remain elusive, and effective ways to enhance the intrinsic activity are still lacking. Moreover, most Fe–N/C catalysts developed to date are built on carbons with rather low graphitization degree, which suffer from relatively severe carbon corrosion and thereby poor stability. The direct growth of carbon nanotubes doped with high‐density Fe–Nx sites neighbored with graphitic‐nitrogen‐rich environment is reported here, which are successfully applied as a both active and stable ORR electrocatalyst in fuel cells. Combining both experiments and density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that the neighboring graphitic nitrogen can effectively induce higher filling degree of d‐orbitals and simultaneously decrease on‐site magnetic moment (namely, lowered spin) of the Fe center, which can optimize the binding energies of ORR intermediates and thereby substantially enhance intrinsic ORR activity.
3D Honeycomb Architecture Enables a High‐Rate and Long‐Life Iron (III) Fluoride–Lithium Battery
Authors: Wu Feixiang , Srot Vesna , Chen Shuangqiang , Lorger Simon , van Aken Peter A. , Maier Joachim , Yu Yan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMetal fluoride–lithium batteries with potentially high energy densities, even higher than lithium–sulfur batteries, are viewed as very promising candidates for next‐generation lightweight and low‐cost rechargeable batteries. However, so far, metal fluoride cathodes have suffered from poor electronic conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics and side reactions causing high voltage hysteresis, poor rate capability, and rapid capacity degradation upon cycling. Herein, it is reported that an FeF3@C composite having a 3D honeycomb architecture synthesized by a simple method may overcome these issues. The FeF3 nanoparticles (10–50 nm) are uniformly embedded in the 3D honeycomb carbon framework where the honeycomb walls and hexagonal‐like channels provide sufficient pathways for the fast electron and Li‐ion diffusion, respectively. As a result, the as‐produced 3D honeycomb FeF3@C composite cathodes even with high areal FeF3 loadings of 2.2 and 5.3 mg cm−2 offer unprecedented rate capability up to 100 C and remarkable cycle stability within 1000 cycles, displaying capacity retentions of 95%–100% within 200 cycles at various C rates, and ≈85% at 2C within 1000 cycles. The reported results demonstrate that the 3D honeycomb architecture is a powerful composite design for conversion‐type metal fluorides to achieve excellent electrochemical performance in metal fluoride–lithium batteries.
Janus Nanobullets Combine Photodynamic Therapy and Magnetic Hyperthermia to Potentiate Synergetic Anti‐Metastatic Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhang Fan , Shao Dan , Chang Zhimin , Wang Lei , Hu Hanze , Zheng Xiao , Li Xuezhao , Chen Fangman , Tu Zhaoxu , Li Mingqiang , Sun Wen , Chen Li , Dong Wen‐Fei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is clinically promising in destructing primary tumors but ineffective against distant metastases. This study reports the use of immunogenic nanoparticles mediated combination of PDT and magnetic hyperthermia to synergistically augment the anti‐metastatic efficacy of immunotherapy. Janus nanobullets integrating chlorine e6 (Ce6) loaded, disulfide‐bridged mesoporous organosilica bodies with magnetic heads (M‐MONs@Ce6) are tailored for redox/pH‐triggered photosensitizer release accompanying their matrix degradation. Cancer cell membrane cloaking enables favorable tumor‐targeted accumulation and prolonged blood circulation time of M‐MONs@Ce6. The combination of PDT and magnetic hyperthermia has a strong synergy anticancer activity and simultaneously elicits a sequence of immunogenic cell death, resulting in synergistically tumor‐specific immune responses. When combined with anti‐CTLA‐4 antibody, the biomimetic and biodegradable nanoparticle enables the notable eradication of primary and deeply metastatic tumors with low systematic toxicity, thus potentially advancing the development of combined hyperthermia, PDT, and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy to combat cancer metastasis.
Ricocheting Droplets Moving on Super‐Repellent Surfaces
Authors: Pan Shuaijun , Guo Rui , Richardson Joseph J. , Berry Joseph D. , Besford Quinn A. , Björnmalm Mattias , Yun Gyeongwon , Wu Ruoxi , Lin Zhixing , Zhong Qi‐Zhi , Zhou Jiajing , Sun Qiang , Li Jianhua , Lu Yanbing , Dong Zhichao , Banks Margaret Katherine , Xu Weijian , Jiang Jianhui , Jiang Lei , Caruso Frank 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDroplet bouncing on repellent solid surfaces (e.g., the lotus leaf effect) is a common phenomenon that has aroused interest in various fields. However, the scenario of a droplet bouncing off another droplet (either identical or distinct chemical composition) while moving on a solid material (i.e., ricocheting droplets, droplet billiards) is scarcely investigated, despite it having fundamental implications in applications including self‐cleaning, fluid transport, and heat and mass transfer. Here, the dynamics of bouncing collisions between liquid droplets are investigated using a friction‐free platform that ensures ultrahigh locomotion for a wide range of probing liquids. A general prediction on bouncing droplet–droplet contact time is elucidated and bouncing droplet–droplet collision is demonstrated to be an extreme case of droplet bouncing on surfaces. Moreover, the maximum deformation and contact time are highly dependent on the position where the collision occurs (i.e., head‐on or off‐center collisions), which can now be predicted using parameters (i.e., effective velocity, effective diameter) through the concept of an effective interaction region. The results have potential applications in fields ranging from microfluidics to repellent coatings.
An Ultrahigh Energy Density Quasi‐Solid‐State Zinc Ion Microbattery with Excellent Flexibility and Thermostability
Authors: Shi Junjie , Wang Siliang , Chen Xing , Chen Zhicheng , Du Xiaoyu , Ni Tong , Wang Qiang , Ruan Limin , Zeng Wei , Huang Zhixiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe rapid development of smart wearable and integrated electronic products has urgently increased the requirement for high‐performance microbatteries. Although few lithium ion microbatteries based on organic electrolytes have been reported so far, the problems, such as undesirable energy density, poor flexibility, inflammability, volatility toxicity, and high cost restrict their practical applications in the above‐mentioned electronic products. In order to overcome these problems, a low cost quasi‐solid‐state aqueous zinc ion microbattery (ZIMB) assembled by a vanadium dioxide (B)‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (VO2 (B)‐MWCNTs) cathode, a zinc nanoflakes anode, and a zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate‐polyvinyl alcohol (Zn(CF3SO3)2‐PVA) hydrogel electrolyte is exploited. As expected, the ZIMB exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, e.g., a high capacity of 314.7 µAh cm−2, an ultrahigh energy density of 188.8 µWh cm−2, and a high power density of 0.61 mW cm−2. Furthermore, the ZIMB also shows high flexibility and excellent high temperature stability: the capacity has no obvious decay when the bending angle is up to 150° and the temperature reaches 100 °C. The ZIMB provides a way to develop next‐generation miniature energy storage devices with high performance.
An unusual cause for Coffin–Lowry syndrome: Three brothers with a novel microduplication in RPS6KA3
Authors: Castelluccio Valerie J. , Vetrini Francesco , Lynnes Ty , Jones Julie , Holloway Lynda , Belonis Alyce , Breman Amy M. , Graham Brett H. , Sapp Katherine , Wilson Theodore , Schwartz Charles E. , Pratt Victoria M. , Weaver David D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCoffin–Lowry syndrome (CLS) is a rare X‐linked disorder characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, craniofacial features, tapering digits, short stature, and skeletal deformities. Using whole exome sequencing and high‐resolution targeted comparative genomic hybridization array analysis, we identified a novel microduplication encompassing exons five through nine of RPS6KA3 in three full brothers. Each brother presented with intellectual disability and clinical and radiographic features consistent with CLS. qRT‐PCR analyses performed on mRNA from the peripheral blood of the three siblings revealed a marked reduction of RPS6KA3 levels suggesting a loss‐of‐function mechanism. PCR analysis of the patients’ cDNA detected a band greater than expected for an exon 4–10 amplicon, suggesting this was likely a direct duplication that lies between exons 4 through 10, which was later confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This microduplication is only the third intragenic duplication of RPS6KA3, and the second and smallest reported to date thought to cause CLS. Our study further supports the clinical utility of methods such as next‐generation sequencing and high‐resolution genomic arrays to detect small intragenic duplications. These methods, coupled with expression studies and cDNA structural analysis have the capacity to confirm the diagnosis of CLS in these rare cases.
Asymmetric Aza‐Henry Reaction of Indolenines Mediated by a Cinchona‐Alkaloid‐Thiourea Organocatalyst
Authors: Shao You‐Dong , He Xiu‐Yan , Han Dan‐Dan , Yang Xin‐Ru , Yao Hai‐Bin , Cheng Dao‐Juan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn organocatalytic asymmetric aza‐Henry reaction of indolenines with nitromethane is presented. By using a Cinchona‐alkaloid‐based thiourea bifunctional organocatalyst, a series of structurally novel and optically active 2‐nitromethyl indolines were afforded in synthetically useful yields (up to 91%) and good to high enantioselectivities (up to 94% ee). The developed protocol provides a powerful approach for the transformation of unactivated five‐membered cyclic aldimines into valuable chiral N‐heterocycles.
Improvement of polyimide/polysulfone composites filled with conductive carbon black as positive temperature coefficient materials
Authors: Tiptipakorn Sunan , Kuengputpong Noppawat , Okhawilai Manunya , Rimdusit Sarawut 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, polyimide (PI)/polysulfone (PSF) blends filled with carbon black (CB) were developed for the use as positive temperature coefficient (PTC) materials in order to achieve the volume resistivity as lower than 104 Ω.cm at room temperature. The weight ratios of PI/PSF were various from 100/0 to 10/90 with CB varied from 0 to 20 wt%. The use of conductive filler was reduced when PSF was blended with PI; the blends clearly possessed a percolation threshold decreased by 90%. The electrical conductivity of the CB‐filled blends was higher than those of CB‐filled pure PI. The transition temperature for PTC material was reported in the range of 180 to 210 °C. The preferential location of CB filler in PI domains could be observed using the optical microscope. In addition, the composites met the standards for the obtained mechanical and thermal properties, exhibiting the potential use as PTC materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48482.
A Preliminary Description of the Sleep‐Related Neural Systems in the Brain of the Blue Wildebeest, Connochaetes taurinus
Authors: Malungo Illke B. , Gravett Nadine , Bhagwandin Adhil , Davimes Joshua G. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe current study provides a detailed qualitative description of the organization of the cholinergic, catecholaminergic, serotonergic, orexinergic, and GABAergic sleep‐related systems in the brain of the blue wildebeest (Connocheates taurinus), along with a quantitative analysis of the pontine cholinergic and noradrenergic neurons, and the hypothalamic orexinergic neurons. The aim of this study was to compare the nuclear organization of these systems to other mammalian species and specifically that reported for other Cetartiodactyla. In the brain of the blue wildebeest, from the basal forebrain to the pons, the nuclear organization of the cholinergic, catecholaminergic, serotonergic, and orexinergic systems, for the most part, showed a corresponding nuclear organization to that reported in other mammals and more specifically the Cetartiodactyla. Furthermore, the description and distribution of the GABAergic system, which was examined through immunostaining for the calcium binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin, was also similar to that seen in other mammals. These findings indicate that sleep in the blue wildebeest is likely to show typically mammalian features in terms of the global brain activity of the generally recognized sleep states of mammals, but Cetartiodactyl‐specific features of the orexinergic system may act to lower overall daily total sleep time in relation to similar sized non‐Cetartiodactyl mammals. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1977–1997, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy