bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionically cross-linked chitosan–halloysite composite microparticles for sustained drug release
Authors: Čalija Bojan , Milić Jela , Janićijević Jelena , Daković Aleksandra , Krajišnik Danina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the potential of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to improve the sustained release properties of chitosan (CS) microparticles cross-linked ionically with tripolyphosphate (TPP). Composite CS-HNTs microparticles were obtained by a simple and eco-friendly procedure based on a coaxial extrusion technique. Prior to encapsulation, a water-soluble model drug, verapamil hydrochloride (VH), was adsorbed successfully on HNTs. The microparticles were characterized by optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis/ thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TG) and evaluated for encapsulation efficiency and drug-release properties. The composite particles had a slightly deformed spherical shape and micrometric size with average perimeters ranging from 485.4 ± 13.3 to 492.4 ± 11.9 μm. The results of FTIR spectroscopy confirmed non-covalent interactions between CS and HNTs within composite particle structures. The DTA and TG studies revealed increased thermal stability of the composite particles in comparison to the CS-TPP particles. Drug adsorption on HNTs prior to encapsulation led to an increase in encapsulation efficiency from 19.6 ± 2.9 to 84.3 ± 1.9%. In contrast to the rapid release of encapsulated model drug from CS-TPP microparticles, the composite CS-HNTs microparticles released drug in a sustained manner, showing the best fit to the Bhaskar model. The results presented here imply that HNTs could be used to improve morphology, encapsulation efficiency and sustained drug-release properties of CS microparticles cross-linked ionically with TPP.
Dock8 regulates BCR signaling and activation of memory B cells via WASP and CD19
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Wang Jinzhi , Qin Tao , Zhang Yongjie , Huang Lu , Niu Linlin , Bai Xiaoming , Jing Yukai , Xuan Xingtian , Miller Heather , Zhao Yao , Song Wenxia , Tang Xuemei , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhao Xiaodong , Liu Chaohong 
Published: February 2018

Key PointsDock8 regulates the expression of CD19 and WASP. BCR clustering and B-cell spreading are decreased in memory B cells of Dock8 patients.
Superbugs in the supermarket? Assessing the rate of contamination with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria in fresh Australian pork and chicken
Authors: McLellan Jade E. , Pitcher Ashleigh J. , Ballard Susan A. , Grabsch Elizabeth A. , Bell Jan M. , Barton Mary , Grayson M. Lindsay 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background
Antibiotic misuse in food-producing animals is potentially associated with human acquisition of multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥ 3 drug classes) bacteria via the food chain. We aimed to determine if MDR Gram-negative (GNB) organisms are present in fresh Australian chicken and pork products.

Methods
We sampled raw, chicken drumsticks (CD) and pork ribs (PR) from 30 local supermarkets/butchers across Melbourne on two occasions. Specimens were sub-cultured onto selective media for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCR) GNBs, with species identification and antibiotic susceptibility determined for all unique colonies. Isolates were assessed by PCR for SHV, TEM, CTX-M, AmpC and carbapenemase genes (encoding IMP, VIM, KPC, OXA-48, NDM).

Results
From 120 specimens (60 CD, 60 PR), 112 (93%) grew a 3GCR-GNB (n = 164 isolates; 86 CD, 78 PR); common species were Acinetobacter baumannii (37%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%) and Serratia fonticola (12%), but only one E. coli isolate. Fifty-nine (36%) had evidence of 3GCR alone, 93/163 (57%) displayed 3GCR plus resistance to one additional antibiotic class, and 9/163 (6%) were 3GCR plus resistance to two additional classes. Of 158 DNA specimens, all were negative for ESBL/carbapenemase genes, except 23 (15%) which were positive for AmpC, with 22/23 considered to be inherently chromosomal, but the sole E. coli isolate contained a plasmid-mediated CMY-2 AmpC.

Conclusions
We found low rates of MDR-GNBs in Australian chicken and pork meat, but potential 3GCR-GNBs are common (93% specimens). Testing programs that only assess for E. coli are likely to severely underestimate the diversity of 3GCR organisms in fresh meat.
Recovering Nitrogen from Farm-Scale Drainage: Mechanism and Economics
Authors: Shukla Asmita , Shukla Sanjay , Hodges Alan W 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. A two-year study evaluated the nitrogen (N) fluxes, processing, and treatment efficiency (TE) of a 14.85 ha stormwater detention area (SDA) receiving drainage from a vegetable farm in subtropical Florida. The TE was 62% and 89% in years 1 and 2, respectively. Seepage N losses are often ignored in estimating stormwater treatment. Approximately 11% and 20% of the incoming N left the SDA through seepage, reducing the TE to 51% and 67% in years 1 and 2, respectively, indicating the importance of subsurface N losses for downstream water quality. Rainfall variability controlled the timing and volume of the inflow drainage and surface water levels inside the SDA. Variable water levels controlled the aerobic and anoxic conditions inside the SDA, thus controlling the N processing and treatment. Coupled nitrification-denitrification, as a result of frequent wetting-drying cycles, was the main N treatment pathway during year 1. Drought conditions in year 2 led to 89% less surface outflow compared to year 1, resulting in water volume retention being the main process for N retention. The N TE could be increased from 68% to 86% if about two-thirds (63%) of aboveground biomass in the SDA area is harvested annually during the dry season. A payment for environmental services (PES) framework, with the state as buyer and the SDA owner as seller of N treatment services, was evaluated with a 20-year net present worth (NPW) of biomass harvesting for enhanced N treatment. The economic analysis included the benefit from composting the harvested biomass for on-farm use. A positive NPW ($835,000) indicated the economic feasibility of the project, predicting an annual benefit of $42,000 year-1 for the 112 ha farm. Scale-up of the PES approach can offer additional N treatment and C sequestration services as well as increased farm productivity. Keywords: Best management practices, Impoundments, Nutrient treatment, Payment for environmental services, Phytoremediation, Stormwater.
Simulation of Energy Sorghum under Limited Irrigation Levels Using the EPIC Model
Authors: Chavez Jose C. , Enciso Juan , Meki Manyowa N. , Jeong Jaehak , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Energy sorghum is one of the most attractive alternatives for producing energy in many regions of the world because of the high biomass productivity obtained in a short period. However, it faces many challenges, particularly where water resources are limited. Crop simulation models are suitable decision support tools for the assessment of crop water use and biomass production under different spatial and climatic conditions. Calibration of simulation models to local conditions is a necessary procedure to improve model reliability. The objective of this study was to calibrate and evaluate the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model for the production of energy sorghum under different irrigation levels. The model was then used to simulate crop biomass productivity and crop water use to identify appropriate irrigation strategies. This study was conducted at the Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research Center in Weslaco, Texas. Simulations were performed to determine the total dry biomass, crop water use, the relationship between crop productivity and crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and water use efficiency (WUE). Simulated ETc agreed well with estimates from a weather station, except for a few simulation events. The statistical parameters derived from measured versus simulated dry biomass in the calibrated model, which indicated that the model performed well, were R2 = 0.99 and PBIAS = -5.35%. The calibrated model showed great potential for simulating the total dry biomass. At full irrigation, the difference between measured and simulated total dry biomass was 4.3% in 2013 and 3.0% in 2015. This study showed that energy sorghum requires approximately 600 mm of water to obtain 23 Mg ha-1 of total dry biomass. It also demonstrated that the EPIC model could be used for assessment of crop water use and total biomass under limited irrigation levels, especially in semi-arid regions. Keywords: Crop model, Dry biomass, Energy sorghum, EPIC model, Irrigation, Model calibration, Water use efficiency.
KONSEP KETUHANAN MENURUT KRISTEN SAKSI YEHUWA
Authors: Ismail Roni 
Published: February 2018

Ajaran Kristen mainstream meyakini Tritunggal secara dogmatis. Dogma Tritunggal mengimani ketuhanan Allah, Yesus Kristus, dan Roh Kudus sekaligus sebagaimana tercantum dalam kredo iman rasuli. Ketiga pribadi itu adalah pribadi Allah dan ketiga pribadi tersebut adalah Allah. Allah adalah Tuhan, Yesus adalah Tuhan, dan Roh Kudus juga Tuhan. Terdapat aliran Kristen yang bernama Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa yang menolak dogma Tritunggal ini. Menurut Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa, Tuhan itu Satu bernama Yehuwa. Hanya Yehuwa Yang Maha Kuasa dan Pencipta. Konsekwensinya, Yesus bukanlah Tuhan karena ia diciptakan atau makhluk. Konsep ketuhanan Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa ini bersifat monoteistik. Konsep ketuhanan yang monoteistik ini dijelaskan bahwa Hanya ada Satu Tuhan, Tidak ada Tuhan selain Yehuwa dalam ajaran Kristen Saksi Yehuwa (Kejadian 17:1); Tuhan memiliki sifat-sifat; dalam Alkitab dijelaskan Allah Yehuwa itu Maha Tinggi (Mazmur 83:18), Maha Kuasa (Penyingkapan 15:3), Raja kekekalan (Mazmur 90:2), Pencipta (Penyingkapan), dan Kudus (Yesaya 6:3). Key Words: Kristen Saksi Yehuwa, Yehuwa, monoteisme
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS KRIMINALISASI TERHADAP NOTARIS
Authors: The Felix 
Published: February 2018

Memasuki zaman Globalisasi, kebutuhan dalam pembuatan akta semakin meningkat tahun demi tahun. Aspek pertanggung jawaban notaris dipertanyakan saat dibatalkannya Akta Jual Beli yang akan dibuat. Padahal hal tersebut merupakan keinginan pihak yang menghadap notaris. Untuk mempertanggungjawabkan profesinya dan tanggung jawabnya selaku notaris, dilaporkan atas perbuatan pidana. Meningkatnya variasi kejahatan di dunia, menyebabkan korban yang semakin meluas, bukan hanya para penghadap saja, namun Notaris pun sering kali menjadi korban pemidanaan. Notaris harus mendapatkan perlindungan hukum atas dirinya. Upaya-upaya hukum harus ditempuh demi mencapai suatu kebenaran dan keadilan bagi notaris yang bersih. Inkonsistensi yang terjadi di masyarakat serta hal-hal yang terjadi diluar aturan hukum yang berlaku itulah yang mulai menjadikan celah untuk menjadikan Notaris melakukan perbuatan pidana. Masyarakat yang bersih, membenci akan adanya segala bentuk kejahatan, setiap kejahatan merupakan pelanggaran hukum dan melanggar hak-hak sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya yang hidup di kehidupan masyarakat. Notaris berperan aktif sebagai pejabat umum yang baik. Untuk mengantisipasi dan membuat suatu perikatan di masyarakat terutama di zaman era globalisasi ini. Maka dari itu eksistensi hukum yang berlaku harus dapat memberikan jalan terang bagi profesi notaris.
TAAR1 induces a disturbed GSK3β phosphorylation in recurrent miscarriages through the ODC
Authors: Stavrou Stavroula , Gratz Michael , Tremmel Eileen , Kuhn Christina , Hofmann Simone , Heidegger Helene , Peryanova Mina , Hermelink Kerstin , Hutter Stefan , Toth Bettina , Mayr Doris , Mahner Sven , Jeschke Udo , Vattai Aurelia 
Published: February 2018

Objectives
Thyroid hormones play an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy. Their derivates, endogenous amines, act via binding to the trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR1). The aim of our study was to analyse the regulation of TAAR1, serine/threonine kinase (pGSK3β) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in placentas of healthy pregnancies, spontaneous (SM) and recurrent miscarriages (RM) and to investigate the influence of thyroid hormone derivates on TAAR1 expression in trophoblast model cells in vitro.

Methods
Patients with SM (n = 15) and RM (n = 15) were compared with patients with healthy pregnancies (n = 15) (pregnancy weeks 7–13 each). Immunohistochemistry was applied to analyse placental TAAR1, pGSK3β and ODC expression. Protein expression of the receptors after stimulation with T3, T1AM and RO5203548 in BeWo trophoblast model cells was determined via Western blot. Double-immunofluorescence was used to determine placental expression of TAAR1 and ODC.

Results
Levels of TAAR1, pGSK3β and ODC were higher in placentas of RM in comparison to healthy controls. Stimulation of BeWo cells with T3, T1AM and RO5203548 significantly increased TAAR1 expression. ODC expression in BeWo cells was upregulated through T3. Via double-immunofluorescence, TAAR1 and ODC-positive EVT could be detected.

Conclusions
Upregulation of placental TAAR1 may indicate an increased decarboxylation of thyroid hormones in miscarriages. Patients with RM may have a lack of T3 through an enhanced transformation of T3 into T1AM induced by the ODC. Future investigations could be carried out to analyse what role a prophylactic T3 substitution plays for patients.
Clinical relevance of different WHO grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms based on morphology
Authors: Han Xu , Xu Xuefeng , Ma Hongyun , Ji Yuan , Wang Dansong , Kuang Tiantao , Wu Wenchuan , Song Bin , Li Gang , Jin Gang , Lou Wenhui 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Emerging evidence suggests G3 pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) present heterogeneous morphology and biology. The 2017 WHO classification has introduced a new category of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (WD-pNETs) G3, compared with poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PD-pNECs) G3. We aim to analysis the demographics and outcomes of patients with resectable 2017 WHO G3 pNENs to facilitate the distinction between two entities.

Methods
The multi-institutional retrospective cohort involving 57 surgically treated patients affected by 2017 WHO G3 pNENs were morphologically identified and clinically analyzed. Patients having WD-pNETs G3 and those having PD-pNECs G3 were compared.

Results
Thirty patients had WD-pNETs and 27 patients had PD-pNECs. The distributions of Ki-67 and mitotic count in patients with PD-pNECs or WD-pNETs showed remarkable disparities. ROC indicated cut-off value of Ki-67 was 45. PD-pNECs were more common in patients with elevated Ki-67 and mitotic count, advanced AJCC TNM stage, vascular invasion, regional lymph-node metastases, elevated NSE and decreased CgA levels compared with WD-pNETs (P < 0.05). The association between 2017 WHO G3 grade and TTR was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis indicated OS rates were associated with morphologic differentiation (WD-pNETs vs PD-pNECs), Ki-67, TNM staging, synchronous distant metastases, initial treatments, vascular invasion, regional lymph nodes metastases, mitotic count and age (P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses illustrated Ki-67, differentiation, TNM staging and vascular invasion were independent predictors (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
PD-pNECs G3 presented malignant biological behavior and dismal outcome compared with WD-pNETs G3. These findings challenge 2010 WHO classification and suggest the categorization can be improved by refined tumor grading.
Non albicans Candidemia: an emerging menace in neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Shettigar Chandrashekar G. , Shettigar Sanchita 
Published: February 2018

Background: Candidemia has become an increasingly major problem in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. In this study we evaluated the epidemiology of Candidemia in neonates who were admitted to NICU and their in vitro susceptibility to commonly used antifungal drugs.Methods: This was a retrospective study of candidemia in NICU from October 2014 to September 2017. The isolates were identified as per standard mycological techniques and antifungal susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method.Results: Out of 563 blood culture analyzed, 54(9.59%) culture yielded Candida in their blood. The non albicans Candida (NAC) species were the predominant organism for candidemia in neonates, accounting for 35 (64.81%) and the remaining 19 (35.18%) isolates were of C. albicans. Among the NAC species, the maximum isolates were of C. krusei (31.48%) followed by C. glabrata (22.22%). Non albican Candida were more resistant to azole group of antifungal, especially commonly used antifungal like fluconazole (51.43%). Among NAC species, C. glabrata was most resistant and C. tropicalis was least resistant organism. Prematurity <34 weeks, very low birth weight (<1500gm), prolonged use of broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, prolonged use of central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition, prolonged NICU stays and concomitant bacterial sepsis were significantly associated with Candida infection in blood stream. NAC species were also associated with high mortality rate.Conclusions: Increased incidences of candidemia along with emergence of NAC species have become an important health care issue. Therefore, knowledge of local epidemiological data on candidemia is essential which will guide on therapeutic decision making.
Nutritional status and its corelates in under five slum children of Kanpur Nagar, India
Authors: Gautam S. K. , Verma Mahesh , Barman S. K. , Arya A. K. 
Published: February 2018

Background: In Kanpur, overall there were an estimated 43.6% stunted, 24.1% wasted and 41.8% underweight under-five children. There is a critical window of opportunity to prevent undernutrition by taking care of the nutrition of children in the first two years of life. With this background the present study was undertaken with the aim to assess the nutritional status in under five children in the slum area of Kanpur Nagar.Methods: The present study was conducted in 30 slums of Kanpur Nagar selected through 30 cluster sampling technique. The sample size was calculated as 390. From each cluster, approximate 13 study subjects aged 0-60 months were studied. Mothers of study subjects were interviewed to illicit the requisite information, using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard technique for each study subject. Data collected was analyzed using statistical tool.Results: Based on WHO classification, the prevalence of stunting and severe stunting was observed to be 31.28% and 13.59%. 14.62% study subjects were wasted while 6.15% subjects had severe wasting. 40.51% had mild-moderate malnutrition and 7.95% had severe malnutrition as per the criteria of mid upper arm circumference. Malnutrition was significantly associated with the age of the study subjects (p <0.05). The prevalence of malnutrition decreased significantly with higher maternal education and among those whose mother’s were housewives (p <0.05). Lower birth order and middle socio-economic class was associated with decreased prevalence of malnutrition (p <0.05). Conclusions: The nutritional status of children is dependent on maternal education and occupation and socioeconomic status. Nutrition education can have a significant effect in its reduction.
Application of WHO-2009 guidelines in management of dengue in children and its outcome evaluation
Authors: Badiger Shriharsha , Matti Mahantesh , Goudar Vikram 
Published: February 2018

Background: Dengue is the commonest mosquito born viral infection. The numbers of dengue cases are increasing in recent days. Though the manifestations of dengue are complex, management is made simple by WHO-2009 guidelines. Many of clinicians are unaware or not sensitized about WHO-2009 guidelines in classification and management of dengue cases.Methods: 143 suspected dengue cases were selected based on presumptive diagnostic criteria and were classified as group A, B and C, and all the patients were treated according to WHO guidelines. 108 cases with positive dengue IgM/IgG were chosen for analysis and rest of the cases were excluded from the study. The ELISA for IgM & IgG was sent on 5th-6th day of fever.Results: 108 dengue IgM/IgG positive cases were selected for the study. They were grouped as Group A (20), Gr B (60), Gr C (28) according to guidelines. Most common associated symptoms were vomiting (60%), pain abdomen (61%), and puffiness of face (58%). Rashes were present in small number of patients (7.4%) and bleeding in 2.7% children. 5% in group A, 6.6% in group B and 17.8% in group C had platelet counts of <20000/mm3. 70% children of Group -A, 75% of Group -B and 85.7% of Group -C had PCV of >35, with maximum of 53.2 belonging to Group C. None of the patient received platelet transfusion. All children recovered well.Conclusions: In the present study we managed all the dengue cases as per guidelines of WHO-2009. The treatment is cost effective and has very good outcome with less complications. The mortality, morbidity and duration of hospital stay were reduced. The need for iv fluids, blood and blood products were brought down significantly.
Endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in Misrata central hospital, Libya
Authors: Jahan Abdussalam M. , Eldanfur Yousef M. , Ben Ghuzi Abdulhakim 
Published: February 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a surgical procedure performed for the relief of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). This procedure involves the creation of ostium at the lacrimal bone to form a shunt in the nasolacrimal pathway. It can be performed externally or endoscopically.<strong> </strong>The aim of this study is to<strong> </strong>evaluate the success rates and complications of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy<strong> </strong>in Misurata Central Hospital. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Prospective study includes 30 patients admitted to the ENT-Department, Misrata Central Hospital over a period of one year, starting from April 2016 to March 2017. They underwent endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy for primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Thirty patients were included in the study. Their age ranged from 11-60 years, with mean age of 33 years. Most of the patients were in the age range of 31 to 50 years. There were 24 (80%) females and 6 (20%) males. The most common complaint of patients before surgery was epiphora. There was more obstruction on left side -21 (70%) than on the right side-9 (30%). Bilateral involvement was not seen. Three patients (10%) were required septoplasty during the endoscopic DCR procedure. Twenty four out of thirty (80%) patients had complete resolution. There were no any significant major complications observed in any patient in our study. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Endoscopic DCR is safe, successful procedure for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction and has several advantages over conventional external approach.</span></p>