bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of super-dosing phytase and inositol on growth performance and blood metabolites of weaned pigs housed under commercial conditions1
Authors: Moran Kory , Wilcock Pete , Elsbernd Amanda , Zier-Rush Cate , Boyd R Dean , van Heugten Eric 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A total of 2,156 weaned pigs (6.75 ± 0.11 kg BW) were used in a 42-d study to evaluate whether improvements in growth performance associated with super-dosing phytase can be explained by the complete dephosphorylation of phytate and liberation of inositol. Two phytase doses (0 and 2,500 FTU/kg) and 3 inositol concentrations (0%, 0.15%, and 0.30%) were combined to create 6 dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Pigs were fed a 3-phase feeding program, with periods being 10, 10, and 22 d, respectively. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, and 42 from a subset of 48 pigs to analyze mineral and myo-inositol concentrations. During Phase 1, super-dosing phytase tended to improve ADG compared with pigs fed diets without phytase (P = 0.09). Increasing concentrations of inositol improved the efficiency of gain in pigs fed diets without phytase (1,022.1, 1,040.9, and 1,089.2 g/kg), but not diets with phytase (1,102.2, 1,087.2, and 1,076.2 g/kg), and this improvement was equivalent to that observed with super-dosing phytase in the absence of inositol (interaction, P = 0.015). During Phase 2, super-dosing phytase improved ADG (P = 0.001), resulting in heavier BW (P = 0.007). During Phase 3 and overall, inositol supplementation increased ADG and ADFI in a quadratic manner (P < 0.10), with the highest ADG and ADFI observed for pigs fed 0.15% of inositol. Super-dosing phytase increased serum Zn on day 21, but not on day 42 (interaction, P = 0.008), increased serum Cu (P = 0.01), but decreased serum Fe (P = 0.02). Plasma myo-inositol increased linearly from 66.9 to 97.1 and 113.2 nmol/mL with increasing inositol (P < 0.001). When plasma myo-inositol was analyzed within the subgroup of pigs fed diets without added inositol, super-dosing phytase increased plasma myo-inositol from 57.81 to 76.05 nmol/mL (0 and 2,500 FTU/kg, respectively; P = 0.05). Results demonstrate that exogenous inositol improved efficiency of gain in weaned pigs to the same level as that observed with super-dosing phytase, but this occurred only during the first 10 d of the nursery period. This suggests that the improvement in efficiency of growth when applying super-dosing phytase could be linked, in part, to complete dephosphorylation of phytate and liberation of myo-inositol, and that myo-inositol had a greater metabolic impact in piglets immediately after weaning. Consequently, myo-inositol may be a conditionally essential nutrient for young pigs during weaning stress, but further research is needed to prove this hypothesis.
Proposed BoNT/A and /B Peptide Substrates Cannot Detect Multiple Subtypes in the Endopep-MS Assay
Authors: Kalb Suzanne R , Baudys Jakub , Kiernan Kaitlyn , Wang Dongxia , Becher François , Barr John R 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBotulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are a family of protein toxins consisting of seven known serotypes (BoNT/A—BoNT/G) and multiple subtypes within the serotypes, and all of which cause the disease botulism—a disease of great public health concern. Accurate detection of BoNTs in human clinical samples is therefore an important public health goal. To achieve this goal, our laboratory developed a mass spectrometry-based assay detecting the presence of BoNT via its enzymatic activity on a peptide substrate. Recently, publications reported the use of new peptide substrates to detect BoNT/A and /B with improved results over other peptide substrates. However, the authors did not provide results of their peptide substrate on multiple subtypes of BoNT. In this work, we describe the results of testing the new substrates with multiple BoNT/A and /B subtypes and find that the substrates cannot detect many subtypes of BoNT/A and /B.
Rodent population density and survival respond to disturbance induced by timber harvest
Authors: Nelson Dana L , Kellner Kenneth F , Swihart Robert K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Many small mammal populations respond quickly to timber harvest aimed at oak (Quercus) regeneration, which alters microhabitat. We used mark-release–recapture data collected 6–8 years postharvest from the Hardwood Ecosystem Experiment in southern Indiana, United States, to model density and apparent survival of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) and white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) as a function of timber harvest treatments (shelterwood, clearcut, patch cut, and unharvested control). Density, estimated using spatial capture–recapture, increased for chipmunks in all types of harvest openings, but survival was unaffected by harvest. Chipmunk densities in unharvested forest matrix habitat averaged 58% and 71% lower relative to harvest openings and opening edges, respectively. White-footed mouse density was less responsive to timber harvest, but monthly survival rates were reduced by 13% in shelterwoods and 17% in patch cuts relative to control sites. Both rodent species tended to exhibit distance-dependent responses, with higher density of home-range centers near harvest boundaries relative to forest matrix. Structural complexity created at the edges of timber harvest openings can benefit rodents associated with edge habitat 6–8 years after harvest, presumably due to improved foraging efficiency and resource diversity. Cascading effects of rodent demographic responses are likely to affect predation and seed dispersal, which are critical trophic interactions in oak forest ecosystems.
Diagnostic accuracy and added value of qualitative radiological review of 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in evaluation of childhood brain tumors
Authors: Manias Karen A , Gill Simrandip K , MacPherson Lesley , Oates Adam , Pinkey Benjamin , Davies Paul , Zarinabad Niloufar , Davies Nigel P , Babourina-Brooks Ben , Wilson Martin , Peet Andrew C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) facilitates noninvasive diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors by providing metabolite profiles. Prospective studies of diagnostic accuracy and comparisons with conventional MRI are lacking. We aimed to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of MRS for childhood brain tumors and determine added clinical value compared with conventional MRI.

Methods
Children presenting to a tertiary pediatric center with brain lesions from December 2015 through 2017 were included. MRI and single-voxel MRS were acquired on 52 tumors and sequentially interpreted by 3 radiologists, blinded to histopathology. Proportions of correct diagnoses and interrater agreement at each stage were compared. Cases were reviewed to determine added value of qualitative radiological review of MRS through increased certainty of correct diagnosis, reduced number of differentials, or diagnosis following spectroscopist evaluation. Final diagnosis was agreed by the tumor board at study end.

Results
Radiologists’ principal MRI diagnosis was correct in 69%, increasing to 77% with MRS. MRI + MRS resulted in significantly more additional correct diagnoses than MRI alone (P = .035). There was a significant increase in interrater agreement when correct with MRS (P = .046). Added value following radiologist interpretation of MRS occurred in 73% of cases, increasing to 83% with additional spectroscopist review. First histopathological diagnosis was available a median of 9.5 days following imaging, with 25% of all patients managed without conclusive histopathology.

Conclusions
MRS can improve the accuracy of noninvasive diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors and add value in the diagnostic pathway. Incorporation into practice has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis, guide treatment planning, and improve patient care.
Queer Performativity
Authors: Milani Tommaso M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to present and re-read Judith Butler’s well-known performativity theory. The main argument advanced here is that, even though Butler’s work is widely viewed as instigating the field of queer studies, it is perhaps time to revisit performativity in order to queer it. The act of queering should be understood in the context of this chapter in two ways. First, it entails going against the sociolinguistic grain and troubling the linguistic core of performativity in a way that engages with “aspects of experience and reality that do not present themselves in propositional or even in verbal form” (Sedgwick 2003: 6), such as affect, embodiment, and the materiality of the built environment. The embodied and affective aspects of performativity are illustrated with the help of examples from gender and sexual activism in Israel, which show how multi-semiotic and sensory meanings are performatively brought into being in order to stake political claims. Second, queering performativity entails questioning the antinormative mantra encoded in the very notion of queer. This requires going back to a performative utterance par excellence—“I do” in wedding ceremonies—in order open up an uneasy self-reflection about (anti)normativity in queer scholarship.
Introduction
Authors: Paulus Paul B. , Nijstad Bernard A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Group creativity research has a relatively short history. Although there is a long tradition of research on individual creativity, for many years there was little acknowledgment of the creative potential of groups. In recent years this has changed, and this book provides a comprehensive overview of this work on group creativity. This chapter provides a brief history of the research on group creativity. It also summarizes the key contributions of each chapter, dealing with the impact of individual characteristics or behavior, basic processes or theoretical approaches, various contexts in which group creative occurs, and various applications of group creativity. Finally, we highlight common themes, and suggest directions for future research.
PIECE Together
Authors: Goncalo Jack A. , Katz Joshua H. , Ellis Lillien M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Norms regulate and direct behavior in groups, but the role that norms play in the creative process has been controversial. This chapter develops a theoretical perspective in which norms are tools that can be leveraged to facilitate creativity in teams. It begins by identifying a set of five key behaviors that support creative collaboration—the PIECE(s) of team creativity—Participation, Independence, Elaboration, Communication, and Exploration. It then identifies specific norms that can encourage the emergence of each of the five critical behaviors, the conditions that make these norms salient, and the underlying psychological and behavioral mechanisms through which norms impact creativity. It also reviews recent and growing evidence suggesting that strengthening creativity-relevant norms with the threat of overt social sanctions can encourage the emergence of behavior appropriate to the task of being creative and thus facilitate, rather than thwart, creative collaboration. Finally, it concludes with suggestions for future research on norms in creative work groups.
Effective Brainstorming
Authors: Paulus Paul B. , Kenworthy Jared B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews the extensive literature on brainstorming to determine potential best practices. It presents the major theoretical perspectives and highlights their relationship to the various factors that influence the effectiveness of brainstorming. It examines the utility of verbal brainstorming, electronic brainstorming, and brainwriting for generation of creative ideas. It evaluates the effects of instructions, breaks, facilitators, training, tapping semantic categories, turnover, and group size. It also notes the gaps that exist in the literature and future research directions. It is clear that there is now considerable evidence to guide effective brainstorming and produce performances in groups that exceed those of comparable sets of solitary brainstormers.
Newcomer Influence and Creativity in Work Groups
Authors: Levine John M. , Choi Hoon-Seok , Moreland Richard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The major premise of this chapter is that newcomers in task groups have the potential to produce unintentional or intentional influence that facilitates group creativity. In the former case, newcomers’ mere presence elicits changes in the group. In the latter case, newcomers introduce ideas with the goal of improving group processes or outcomes. This chapter argues that intentional influence is based on newcomers’ motivation to generate and suggest ideas and current members’ willingness to consider and accept these ideas. In analyzing such influence, the chapter discusses factors associated with newcomers, current members, and the group as a whole that can affect the perceived opportunity/threat value of newcomers’ ideas and thereby current members’ receptivity to these ideas. It concludes by identifying outstanding questions regarding the mechanisms underlying intentional newcomer influence.
Trait-like vulnerability of higher-order cognition and ability to maintain wakefulness during combined sleep restriction and circadian misalignment
Authors: Sprecher Kate E , Ritchie Hannah K , Burke Tina M , Depner Christopher M , Smits Alexandra N , Dorrestein Pieter C , Fleshner Monika , Knight Rob , Lowry Christopher A , Turek Fred W , Vitaterna Martha H , Wright Kenneth P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Determine stability of individual differences in executive function, cognitive processing speed, selective visual attention, and maintenance of wakefulness during simulated sustained operations with combined sleep restriction and circadian misalignment.

Methods
Twenty healthy adults (eight female), aged 25.7 (±4.2 SD), body mass index (BMI) 22.3 (±2.1) kg/m2 completed an 18-day protocol twice. Participants maintained habitual self-selected 8-hour sleep schedules for 2 weeks at home prior to a 4-day laboratory visit that included one sleep opportunity per day: 8 hours on night 1, 3 hours on night 2, and 3 hours on mornings 3 and 4. After 3 days of unscheduled sleep at home, participants repeated the entire protocol. Stability and task dependency of individual differences in performance were quantified by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Kendall’s Tau, respectively.

Results
Performance on Stroop, Visual Search, and the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test were highly consistent within individuals during combined sleep restriction and circadian misalignment. Individual differences were trait-like as indicated by ICCs (0.54–0.96) classified according to standard criteria as moderate to almost perfect. Individual differences on other performance tasks commonly reported in sleep studies showed fair to almost perfect ICCs (0.22–0.94). Kendall’s rank correlations showed that individual vulnerability to sleep restriction and circadian misalignment varied by task and by metric within a task.

Conclusions
Consistent vulnerability of higher-order cognition and maintenance of wakefulness to combined sleep restriction and circadian misalignment has implications for the development of precision countermeasure strategies for workers performing safety-critical tasks, e.g. military, police, health care workers and emergency responders.
Environmental correlates of tardigrade community structure in mosses and lichens in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Tennessee and North Carolina, USA)
Authors: Nelson Diane R , Bartels Paul J , Fegley Stephen R 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA major inventory of tardigrades in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park was conducted and we compared tardigrade species composition in moss and lichen samples and analysed environmental correlates of tardigrade community structure. We also compared these tardigrades with those collected from soil. The basic dataset from tree mosses and lichens consisted of 336 samples, 9200 individuals and 43 species. The supplemental dataset from rock mosses and lichens consisted of 29 samples, 811 individuals, and 41 species. Collectively, there were 57 species present in mosses and lichens. Eleven species were found uniquely on rock habitats. Two-way ANOVAs for various community metrics showed no significant differences between substrate (moss versus lichen) or height (ground level versus breast height); however, there were significant differences between ATBI plots. Tardigrade communities were not significantly different between mosses and lichens, but soil tardigrade communities were quite distinct from these moss/lichen communities. We analysed the impact of 17 environmental variables on community structure using partition tree analyses. SOx deposition explained most of the variation in species richness and evenness in moss tardigrades. Forest disturbance regime had the greatest impact on abundance in lichen tardigrades. Other environmental factors influencing community structure are discussed.
Early childhood development of white matter fiber density and morphology
Authors: Dimond Dennis , Rohr Christiane S. , Smith Robert E. , Dhollander Thijs , Cho Ivy , Lebel Catherine , Dewey Deborah , Connelly Alan , Bray Signe 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTEarly childhood is an important period for cognitive and brain development, though white matter changes specific to this period remain understudied. Here we utilize a novel analytic approach to quantify and track developmental changes in white matter micro- and macro-structure, calculated from individually oriented fiber-bundle populations, termed “fixels”. Fixel-based analysis and mixed-effects models were used to assess tract-wise changes in fiber density and bundle morphology in 73 girls scanned at baseline (ages 4.09-7.02, mean=5.47, SD=0.81), 6-month (N=7), and one-year follow-up (N=42). For comparison, we also assessed changes in commonly utilized diffusion tensor metrics: fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean, radial and axial diffusivity (MD, RD, AD). Maturational increases in fixel-metrics were seen in most major white matter tracts, with the most rapid increases in the corticospinal tract and slowest or non-significant increases in the genu of the corpus callosum and uncinate fasciculi. As expected, we observed developmental increases in FA and decreases in MD, RD and AD, though percentage changes were smaller relative to fixel-metrics. The majority of tracts showed more substantial morphological than microstructural changes. These findings highlight early childhood as a period of dynamic white matter maturation, characterized by large increases in macroscopic fiber bundle size, mild changes in axonal density, and parallel, albeit less substantial, changes in diffusion tensor metrics.
Protein structure prediction and design in a biologically-realistic implicit membrane
Authors: Alford Rebecca F. , Fleming Patrick J. , Fleming Karen G. , Gray Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTProtein design is a powerful tool for elucidating mechanisms of function and engineering new therapeutics and nanotechnologies. While soluble protein design has advanced, membrane protein design remains challenging due to difficulties in modeling the lipid bilayer. In this work, we developed an implicit approach that captures the anisotropic structure, shape of water-filled pores, and nanoscale dimensions of membranes with different lipid compositions. The model improves performance in computational bench-marks against experimental targets including prediction of protein orientations in the bilayer, ΔΔG calculations, native structure dis-crimination, and native sequence recovery. When applied to de novo protein design, this approach designs sequences with an amino acid distribution near the native amino acid distribution in membrane proteins, overcoming a critical flaw in previous membrane models that were prone to generating leucine-rich designs. Further, the proteins designed in the new membrane model exhibit native-like features including interfacial aromatic side chains, hydrophobic lengths compatible with bilayer thickness, and polar pores. Our method advances high-resolution membrane protein structure prediction and design toward tackling key biological questions and engineering challenges.Significance StatementMembrane proteins participate in many life processes including transport, signaling, and catalysis. They constitute over 30% of all proteins and are targets for over 60% of pharmaceuticals. Computational design tools for membrane proteins will transform the interrogation of basic science questions such as membrane protein thermodynamics and the pipeline for engineering new therapeutics and nanotechnologies. Existing tools are either too expensive to compute or rely on manual design strategies. In this work, we developed a fast and accurate method for membrane protein design. The tool is available to the public and will accelerate the experimental design pipeline for membrane proteins.
SISUA: Semi-Supervised Generative Autoencoder for Single Cell Data
Authors: Ngo Trong Trung , Kramer Roger , Mehtonen Juha , González Gerardo , Hautamäki Ville , Heinäniemi Merja 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTSingle-cell transcriptomics offers a tool to study the diversity of cell phenotypes through snapshots of the abundance of mRNA in individual cells. Often there is additional information available besides the single cell gene expression counts, such as bulk transcriptome data from the same tissue, or quantification of surface protein levels from the same cells. In this study, we propose models based on the Bayesian generative approach, where protein quantification available as CITE-seq counts from the same cells are used to constrain the learning process, thus forming a semi-supervised model. The generative model is based on the deep variational autoencoder (VAE) neural network architecture.
A comparison of immunoglobulin IGHV, IGHD and IGHJ genes in wild-derived and classical inbred mouse strains
Authors: Watson Corey T. , Kos Justin T. , Gibson William S. , Newman Leah , Deikus Gintaras , Busse Christian E. , Smith Melissa Laird , Jackson Katherine J.L. , Collins Andrew M. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe genomes of classical inbred mouse strains include genes derived from all three major subspecies of the house mouse,Mus musculus. We recently posited that genetic diversity in the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene loci of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice reflect differences in subspecies origin. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted high-throughput sequencing of IGH gene rearrangements to document IGH variable (IGHV), joining (IGHJ), and diversity (IGHD) genes in four inbred wild-derived mouse strains (CAST/EiJ, LEWES/EiJ, MSM/MsJ, and PWD/PhJ), and a single disease model strain (NOD/ShiLtJ), collectively representing genetic backgrounds of several major mouse subspecies. A total of 341 germline IGHV sequences were inferred in the wild-derived strains, including 247 not curated in the International Immunogenetics Information System. In contrast, 83/84 inferred NOD IGHV genes had previously been observed in C57BL/6 mice. Variability among the strains examined was observed for only a single IGHJ gene, involving a description of a novel allele. In contrast, unexpected variation was found in the IGHD gene loci, with four previously unreported IGHD gene sequences being documented. Very few IGHV sequences of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were shared with strains representing major subspecies, suggesting that their IGH loci may be complex mosaics of genes of disparate origins. This suggests a similar level of diversity is likely present in the IGH loci of other classical inbred strains. This must now be documented if we are to properly understand inter-strain variation in models of antibody-mediated disease.