bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riesgo ocular asociado con el uso de lámparas de fotocurado en el consultorio dental
Authors: Romero - González María Alejandra 
Published: February 2019

Las lámparas de fotocurado son utilizadas diariamente en varias aplicaciones dentro de la odontología moderna. Las modalidades de fotocurado han cambiado mucho en los últimos 30 años con el desarrollo de diferentes tipos de fuentes de polimerización como la lámpara halógena, la lámpara de arco de plasma, la lámpara laser y la lámpara de luz emitida por diodos; sin embargo, los ojos de los operadores de las lámparas corren el riesgo de sufrir daños oculares acumulativos, principalmente debido a la reflexión de la luz azul. Es por tal motivo, que el objetivo de este artículo es revisar la bibliografía actual sobre los conceptos de la longitud de onda en las lámparas de fotocurado durante los tratamientos dentales y los posibles riesgos para la salud, con énfasis en el daño ocular. Así como, proponer una guía para el uso adecuado de la luz de fotocurado y reducir el daño a la salud en particular el daño ocular. Palabras clave: Radiación óptica, Riesgo laboral, Riesgo óptico, Lámpara de fotocurado dental, Protección ocular.
Imaginaire génétique : la critique face à la liste chez Jules Verne
Authors: Turin Gaspard 
Published: February 2019

La critique vernienne tend à considérer les listes, fréquentes dans les Voyages extraordinaires, sous un œil sévère : elles seraient le résultat d’une mauvaise intégration de documents importés d’ouvrages scientifiques, liés au mandat didactique du romancier. Cet enjeu allographe se traduit insidieusement par un jugement exogénétique : les listes présentes dans les romans publiés de Verne seraient dues à un processus d’écriture mal négocié, trop rapide, de l’ordre du recopiage, de la non-écriture. Or une telle hypothèse est invérifiable, puisque les documents qui auraient permis de retracer ces étapes de l’écriture n’ont pas été conservés. Ce que l’on observe alors est le recours de la critique généraliste à un imaginaire génétique, appelé par l’incomplétude du dossier génétique. L’enjeu de cet article, dès lors métacritique, revient à interroger une telle notion et la possibilité de son usage, au sein d’une discipline historiquement consacrée à la matérialité et à la factualité des traces de l’écriture.
Odetta’s One Grain of Sand
Authors: Frye Jacobson Matthew 
Published: February 2019

When 20-year-old Odetta Holmes—classically trained as a vocalist and poised to become “the next Marian Anderson”—veered away from both opera and musical theater in favor of performing politically charged field hollers, prison songs, work songs, and folk tunes before mixed-race audiences in 1950s coffee houses, she was making one of the most portentous decisions in the history of both American music and Civil Rights.
Released the same year as her famous rendition of “I’m on My Way” at the March on Washington, One Grain of Sand captures the social justice project that was Odetta’s voice. “There was no way I could say the things I was thinking, but I could sing them,” she later remarked. In pieces like “Moses, Moses,” “Ain’t No Grave,” and “Ramblin’ Round Your City,” One Grain of Sand embodies Odetta’s approach to the folk repertoire as both an archive of black history and a vehicle for radical expression. For many among her audience, a song like “Cotton Fields” represented a first introduction to black history at a time when there was as yet no academic discipline going by this name, and when history books themselves still peddled convenient fictions of a fundamentally “happy” plantation past. And for many among her audience, black and white, this young woman’s pride in black artistry and resolve, and her open rage and her challenge to whites to recognize who they were and who they had been, too, modeled the very honesty and courage that the movement now called for.
THERMOPLASTIC VULCANIZATES BASED ON DYNAMICALLY VULCANIZED POLYPROPYLENE/CARBOXYLATED NITRILE RUBBER BLENDS
Authors: Soares Bluma G. , Freitas Juliana B. , Silva Adriana A. , Sirqueira Alex S. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on polypropylene (PP) and carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) with improved mechanical properties were prepared by dynamic vulcanization using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) in combination with N,N′-m-phenylene-bis-maleimide (BMI) as a cross-linking system. The effect of PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) or with glycidyl methacrylate (PP-g-GMA) and triethylene-tetramine (TETA) as the compatibilizing systems on the mechanical, morphological, and dynamic mechanical properties of PP/XNBR blends was investigated. Experimental results revealed that PP-g-GMA has a better compatibilizing efficiency. Tensile strength and elongation at break presented a significant improvement with the addition of 2.5 to 7.5 phr of this functionalized PP. The improvement of the tensile properties was observed for all blend compositions studied. Also the tensile properties of the blends did not change considerably after three reprocessing cycles, confirming the efficiency of this system as a TPV. The presence of PP-g-GMA also resulted in an increase of the apparent melt viscosity of the corresponding TPVs, confirming the reactive compatibilization. A decrease in rubber particle size with the presence of PP-g-GMA was also observed by scanning electron microscopy.
Outcomes After Hemiarthroplasty of the Elbow for the Management of Posttraumatic Arthritis: Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Werthel Jean-David , Schoch Bradley , Adams Julie , Steinmann Scott 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Hemiarthroplasty (HA) of the elbow represents an alternative to total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) without the associated activity restrictions. This study reviews our experience with distal humerus HA with minimum 2-year follow-up.

Methods:
Between 2002 and 2012, 16 elbows underwent HA for posttraumatic arthritis of the elbow. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years or until revision surgery. Outcome measures included pre- and postoperative Mayo Elbow Performance Scores (MEPSs), complications, and revisions.

Results:
Mean age at arthroplasty was 45 years, and follow-up averaged 51 months. All patients had previously undergone one or more surgical procedures at the elbow (average of 1.5 procedures). At follow-up, five had undergone additional surgery; two were revised to TEA. In surviving implants, the range of motion at follow-up was markedly improved from preoperative motion. The MEPS for the remaining HA included five excellent results, three good results, five fair results, and one poor result.

Discussion:
Elbow HA is an option for young or active patients with end-stage elbow posttraumatic arthritis who are unwilling to accept activity limitations. However, high rates of revision surgery and revision to TEA occur after HA for posttraumatic osteoarthritis of the elbow. Only 57% of patients with surviving implants had a good to excellent MEPS, although improvement in the range of motion was predictable.
Análisis cualitativo de la implantación del Marco Común de Evaluación (CAF Educación) en centros de Educación Primaria de la Región de Murcia
Authors: Ayala Ato Serafín , Hernández Pina Fuensanta , Monroy Hernández Fuensanta 
Published: February 2019

Por el deseo de mejora de la calidad del sistema educativo no universitario es cada vez más habitual encontrar modelos para la gestión de la calidad total, provenientes del mundo empresarial, aplicados al ámbito educativo. El Modelo CAF Educación (Common Assessment Framework o Marco Común de Evaluación), se está implantado en los centros educativos de la Región de Murcia desde el curso 2012/2013. Sin embargo, no existe evidencia sobre el estado de dicha implantación y la opinión de los colectivos implicados. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (1) identificar los motivos que llevaron a los CEIP a implantar el Modelo CAF Educación; (2) describir la forma en la que se ha desarrollado o está desarrollando la implantación del Modelo CAF Educación en los CEIP de la primera etapa en la CARM; y (3) conocer las dificultades a las que se han enfrentado los centros educativos en dicha implementación. Mediante un estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, tipo encuesta se entrevistaron a trece profesionales de centros educativos. Los resultados mostraron que la implantación está siendo costosa. Los principales motivos para iniciar la andadura en el Modelo son la mejora de los procesos de organización y la gestión. Las dificultades más notorias atañen tanto al vocabulario empleado en el Modelo CAF como al esfuerzo que requiere su implantación.
The desire to improve the quality of the non-university educational system is increasingly common to find models for the management of total quality, from the business world, applied to the educational field. The CAF education Model (common Assessment Framework) is being implemented in the educational centers of the region of Murcia since the course 2012/2013. However, there is no evidence of the state of such implantation and the opinion of the groups Involved. The aims of this study were: (1) to find out about the reasons why schools decided to introduce the CAF Education Model, (2) to describe the way in which it has developed or is developing the implementation of model CAF education in the primary school of the first stage in the CARM, and (3) to identify the difficulties that have faced the educational centres in the implementation. Through a descriptive, qualitative, survey-type study, Thirteen professionals from schools were interviewed. The results showed that the main reason for introducing the Model was a need for improving school organization and management. The Model was primarily implemented by school committees devoted to quality assurance and elected by schools themselves. The main difficulties for participants and those involved in the implementation process were understanding the complex language used in the implementation process, as well as the great efforts required for the Model to be fully operational.
Un estudio transversal sobre las actitudes de los estudiantes de pregrado y máster en ciencias de la educación hacia las personas con discapacidad
Authors: Macías Gómez María Escolástica , Aguilera García José Luis , Sánchez Manuel Rodríguez , Hernández Soledad Gil 
Published: February 2019

El objetivo del estudio es explorar las actitudes hacia las personas con discapacidad de estudiantes de Grado de titulaciones relacionadas con la educación primaria y secundaria, en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
El instrumento de medida utilizado fue la Escala de Actitudes hacia las Personas con Discapacidad –EAPD- (M. A. Verdugo, Arias, B., y Jenaro, C., (1995), con nivel de fiabilidad, en la aplicación del Alpha de Cronbach = 0.92. Esta escala mide los Factores: Valoración de las Capacidades y Limitaciones; Reconocimiento/Negociación, Implicación Personal; Calificación Genérica y Asunción de Roles.
De los resultados, con una muestra de 314 alumnos, se destaca que el alumnado tiene actitudes positivas, si bien se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre los diferentes subgrupos de la escala y titulaciones.
The objective of the study is to explore the attitudes toward people with disabilities of students of Degree of qualifications related to primary and secondary education, at the Complutense University of Madrid.The measuring instrument used was the Scale of Attitudes towards Persons with Disabilities -EAPD- (MA Verdugo, Arias, B., and Jenaro, C., (1995), with reliability level, in the application of Alpha de Cronbach = 0.92 This scale measures the Factors: Assessment of Capacities and Limitations, Recognition / Negotiation, Personal Involvement, Generic Qualification and Assumption of Roles.From the results, with a sample of 314 students, it is highlighted that the students have positive attitudes, although significant differences have been found between the different subgroups of the scale and degrees.
Profit Efficiency and Poverty Status of Farmers in Selected Rice Growing Communities in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Idiong Idiong C. , Iko Michael A. 
Published: February 2019

Aim: This study analyzed the profit efficiency and poverty status of rice farmers in selected rice growing communities in Cross River State, Nigeria.
Methodology: The multistage random sampling was used to select rice farming households in the study area. Primary data were collected by means of questionnaire. The mean per capita household expenditure (MPCHHE) and the P-alpha measures of poverty were used for the measurement of poverty while the Stochastic Profit Frontier (SPF) was used to obtain the efficiency estimates and determinants among the rice farming households. The logit regression model was also used to show the effect of some factors on poverty status of the rice farmers.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that, out of the 64.32% of the farmers who were generally poor, 40.85% and 23.47% of them were assessed to extremely and moderately poor respectively. The incidence, depth and severity of poverty were 65.32%, 27.84% and 16.38% respectively. The study further showed that profit efficiency ranged between 0.34 and 1.0 with mean efficiency of 0.73, suggesting that there are opportunities for rice farmers in the State to increase their farm income with a view of reducing their poverty levels. The result indicate that educational level, farm size and efficiency negatively influenced poverty while sex, age, educational level, farm size, household size and farming experience were the main determinants of profit efficiency. Inadequate credit access, capital and supply of farm inputs; high cost of labour, poor marketing outlets, and near absence of modern processing facilities were the rice production constraints.
Conclusion and Recommendations: The study has shown that rice farmers in the State were majorly poor and relatively efficient with opportunities for improvement. To improve the profit efficiency of rice farmers and reduce their household poverty status would require addressing some vital policy indicators that influenced them. Such policies should encourage experienced rice farmers to remain in production, the raising of the level of education of the poor through adult education, and provision of single digit interest loans and input subsidies to enable the farmers increase their farm sizes.
Yolk–Shell Structured FeP@C Nanoboxes as Advanced Anode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium‐/Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Fuhua , Gao Hong , Hao Junnan , Zhang Shilin , Li Peng , Liu Yuqing , Chen Jun , Guo Zaiping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMaintaining structural stability and alleviating the intrinsic poor conductivity of conversion‐type reaction anode materials are of great importance for practical application. Introducing void space and a highly conductive host to accommodate the volume changes and enhance the conductivity would be a smart design to achieve robust construction; effective electron and ion transportation, thus, lead to prolonged cycling life and excellent rate performance. Herein, uniform yolk–shell FeP@C nanoboxes (FeP@CNBs) with the inner FeP nanoparticles completely protected by a thin and self‐supported carbon shell are synthesized through a phosphidation process with yolk–shell Fe2O3@CNBs as a precursor. The volumetric variation of the inner FeP nanoparticles during cycling is alleviated, and the FeP nanoparticles can expand without deforming the carbon shell, thanks to the internal void space of the unique yolk–shell structure, thus preserving the electrode microstructure. Furthermore, the presence of the highly conductive carbon shell enhances the conductivity of the whole electrode. Benefiting from the unique design of the yolk–shell structure, the FeP@CNBs manifests remarkable lithium/potassium storage performance.
Field Emitters Using Inverse Opal Structures
Authors: Jones William M. , Zhang Runyu , Murty Eshwari , Zhu Xiuting , Yao Yifan , Manohara Harish , Braun Paul V. , Montemayor Lauren C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectronics to be used in space must often perform in high temperature or radiation hard environments that render conventional solid‐state technologies unable to meet mission requirements. As a result, microscale and nanoscale field emission devices are being explored as fundamental components of electronics capable of operating in these harsh environments. Wide scale implementation of these devices is hindered by the difficulty of fabricating large, mechanically stable, uniform arrays of sharp emitting tips. This work presents a scalable method to produce uniform arrays of field emitting tips. Polystyrene spheres are applied as a template for electrochemical deposition. An electrochemical etching process is developed to sharpen tips to a radius of curvature of 5–10 nm, optimizing them for field emission applications. The flexibility of the fabrication process allows for device optimization in terms of tip geometry, density, and constituent material to achieve high field enhancement factors, exceeding 100. Miniaturized field emitting diode and gated triode devices are fabricated. Finally, the electrochemically deposited material is used as a scaffold for the deposition of a refractory, low work function emitting layer, and the hybrid cathode is characterized as a field emitter at temperatures up to 300 ºC.
Surface and Interface Properties in Thin‐Film Solar Cells: Using Soft X‐rays and Electrons to Unravel the Electronic and Chemical Structure
Authors: Weinhardt Lothar , Hauschild Dirk , Heske Clemens 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThin‐film solar cells have great potential to overtake the currently dominant silicon‐based solar cell technologies in a strongly growing market. Such thin‐film devices consist of a multilayer structure, for which charge‐carrier transport across interfaces plays a crucial role in minimizing the associated recombination losses and achieving high solar conversion efficiencies. Further development can strongly profit from a high‐level characterization that gives a local, electronic, and chemical picture of the interface properties, which allows for an insight‐driven optimization. Herein, the authors' recent progress of applying a “toolbox” of high‐level laboratory‐ and synchrotron‐based electron and soft X‐ray spectroscopies to characterize the chemical and electronic properties of such applied interfaces is provided. With this toolbox in hand, the activities are paired with those of experts in thin‐film solar cell preparation at the cutting edge of current developments to obtain a deeper understanding of the recent improvements in the field, e.g., by studying the influence of so‐called “post‐deposition treatments”, as well as characterizing the properties of interfaces with alternative buffer layer materials that give superior efficiencies on large, module‐sized areas.
Clinical and laboratory features of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Leaf Rebecca Karp , Ferreri Christopher , Rangachari Deepa , Mier James , Witteles Wesley , Ansstas George , Anagnostou Theodora , Zubiri Leyre , Piotrowska Zofia , Oo Thein H. , Iberri David , Yarchoan Mark , Salama April K. S. , Johnson Douglas B. , Leavitt Andrew D. , Rahma Osama E. , Reynolds Kerry L. , Leaf David E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) are a novel class of immunotherapeutic agents that have revolutionized the treatment of cancer; however, these drugs can also cause a unique spectrum of autoimmune toxicity. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare, but often severe, complication of ICPis. We identified 14 patients from nine institutions across the United States who developed ICPi‐AIHA. The median interval from ICPi initiation to development of AIHA was 55 days (interquartile range [IQR], 22‐110 days). Results from the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) were available for 13 of 14 patients: 8 patients (62%) had a positive DAT and 5 (38%) had a negative DAT. The median pretreatment and nadir hemoglobin concentrations were 11.8 g/dL (IQR, 10.2‐12.9 g/dL) and 6.3 g/dL (IQR, 6.1‐8.0 g/dL), respectively. Four patients (29%) had a preexisting lymphoproliferative disorder, and two (14%) had a positive DAT prior to initiation of ICPi therapy. All patients were treated with glucocorticoids, with three requiring additional immunosuppressive therapy. Complete and partial recoveries of hemoglobin were achieved in 12 (86%) and 2 (14%) patients, respectively. Seven patients (50%) were rechallenged with ICPis, and one (14%) developed recurrent AIHA. Clinical and laboratory features of ICPi‐AIHA were similar in DAT positive and negative patients. ICPi‐AIHA shares many clinical features with primary AIHA; however, a unique aspect of ICPi‐AIHA is a high incidence of DAT negativity. Glucocorticoids are an effective first‐line treatment in the majority of patients with ICPi‐AIHA, and most patients who are rechallenged with an ICPi do not appear to develop recurrence of AIHA.
Development and validation of hair specimen collection methods among extremely short‐length Afro‐textured hair
Authors: Doyle Julius A. , Brindle Eleanor , Bolden Tayla S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesCortisol, a biomarker of stress, is slowly deposited into the growing hair strands on the head. Meyer, Novak, Hamel, and Rosenberg (2014) established a method for hair cortisol extraction and analysis, and showed that hair cortisol can serve as an integrated measure of psychophysiological stress activity during the period of hormone incorporation into the hair. The hair sample collection methods offered, however, (ie, cutting as close to the scalp as possible with scissors) is inefficient when collecting samples among participants with Afro‐textured and extremely short‐length hair types. In this article, we propose an alternative method for collecting hair among this group.MethodsOur proposed alternative method involves sampling hair from all sections of the scalp, rather than the posterior‐vertex position alone. This provides more volume of hair making it feasible to extract and analyze cortisol in extremely short‐length Afro‐textured hair types. To validate this method, we compared a homogeneous specimen of hair cortisol sampled from all regions to that from the posterior‐vertex region of the scalp, a region most commonly sampled.ResultsThere was no statistical difference between the homogeneous mixture and the posterior‐vertex region of the scalp.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that our proposed method may serve as a feasible alternative to the currently prevailing standard collection methodology, and underscores the importance of diversifying hair cortisol research beyond the limitations of developing collection methodologies only suited for straighter‐textured hair types.