bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protease-activated receptor 1 is implicated in irritable bowel syndrome mediators–induced signaling to thoracic human sensory neurons
Authors: Desormeaux Cleo , Bautzova Tereza , Garcia-Caraballo Sonia , Rolland Corinne , Barbaro Maria Raffaella , Brierley Stuart M. , Barbara Giovanni , Vergnolle Nathalie , Cenac Nicolas 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Proteases and protease-activated receptors (PARs) are major mediators involved in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our objectives were to decipher the expression and functionality (calcium signaling) of PARs in human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and to define mechanisms involved in human sensory neuron signaling by IBS patient mediators. Human thoracic DRG were obtained from the national disease resource interchange. Expression of PAR1, PAR2, and PAR4 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) in whole DRG or in primary cultures of isolated neurons. Calcium signaling in response to PAR agonist peptides (PAR-AP), their inactive peptides (PAR-IP), thrombin (10 U/mL), supernatants from colonic biopsies of patients with IBS, or healthy controls, with or without PAR1 or PAR4 antagonist were studied in cultured human DRG neurons. PAR1, PAR2, and PAR4 were all expressed in human DRG, respectively, in 20%, 40%, and 40% of the sensory neurons. PAR1-AP increased intracellular calcium concentration in a dose-dependent manner. This increase was inhibited by PAR1 antagonism. By contrast, PAR2-AP, PAR4-AP, and PAR-IP did not cause calcium mobilization. PAR1-AP–induced calcium flux was significantly reduced by preincubation with PAR4-AP, but not with PAR2-AP. Thrombin increased calcium flux, which was inhibited by a PAR1 antagonist and increased by a PAR4 antagonist. Supernatants from colonic biopsies of patients with IBS induced calcium flux in human sensory neurons compared with healthy controls, and this induction was reversed by a PAR1 antagonist. Taken together, our results highlight that PAR1 antagonism should be investigated as a new therapeutic target for IBS symptoms.
Sun Protective Behavior Use in Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Petitt Elizabeth K. , Wingo Nancy P. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Skin cancer is a major public health issue due to the impact of skin-cancer-related disease, death, and costs to the healthcare system. Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) have higher rates of nonmelanoma skin cancer occurrence, recurrence, and metastasis than the general population. Ultraviolet exposure remains the primary risk factor in the development of posttransplant nonmelanoma skin cancer. A review of the current literature to examine the use of sun protective behaviors (SPBs) in OTRs and to investigate factors influencing these behaviors was performed. After careful selection, we chose the 10 most relevant articles addressing the use of SPB in OTRs. Two important practice gaps identified were a lack of efficacious OTR skin cancer prevention education and the lack of SPB use reinforcement in OTRs. Strategies to address these gaps include (a) clinician use of risk stratification to identify those patients at the highest risk of skin cancer development, (b) clinician use of targeted educational tools known to promote behavioral change, and (c) reinforcement of SPB at follow-up appointments. Continued evidence-based analysis is needed to discover if improving the use of SPBs in OTRs can actually decrease their long-term skin cancer rate.
Degree of Functional Impairment Associated With Vestibular Hypofunction Among Older Adults With Cognitive Decline
Authors: Micarelli Alessandro , Viziano Andrea , Della-Morte David , Augimeri Ivan , Alessandrini Marco 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
Considering the altered multisensory signal compensation during senescence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the integration rearrangements in unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) during age-related cognitive decline.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Longitudinal cohort study unit and of University tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Older UVH individuals ≥ 55 years with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer Disease (AD) and matched UVH control group with age-appropriate cognitive function.

Intervention:
Vestibulo-ocular reflex, postural sway examination (respectively performed by means of video head impulse test and static posturography), and dizziness-related and quality of life scores were collected in all three groups of UVH patients cognitively evaluated by means of Mini Mental State Examination and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog).

Main Outcome Measures:
Vestibulo-ocular reflex gain, length, surface, and spectral values of body oscillation were measured. Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, and Dynamic Gait Index scores were collected.

Results:
A significant (p < 0.05) increase in surface and length values during both eyes closed and eyes open conditions was found when comparing scores for AD to both MCI and control group patients, respectively. These patients demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) lower spectral values of body oscillation on posturography platform in both eyes closed and eyes open condition within the low-frequency interval than MCI and AD patients.

Conclusion:
This is the first study reporting an association between cognitive decline and posturography parameters with possible preventive clinical implications in evaluating the risk for falls in high-risk patients, such as older adults with common neuro-otological disorders.
Monitoring peripheral perfusion and microcirculation
Authors: Dubin Arnaldo , Henriquez Elizabeth , Hernández Glenn 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
Microcirculatory alterations play a major role in the pathogenesis of shock. Monitoring tissue perfusion might be a relevant goal for shock resuscitation. The goal of this review was to revise the evidence supporting the monitoring of peripheral perfusion and microcirculation as goals of resuscitation. For this purpose, we mainly focused on skin perfusion and sublingual microcirculation.

Recent findings
Although there are controversies about the reproducibility of capillary refill time in monitoring peripheral perfusion, it is a sound physiological variable and suitable for the ICU settings. In addition, observational studies showed its strong ability to predict outcome. Moreover, a preliminary study suggested that it might be a valuable goal for resuscitation. These results should be confirmed by the ongoing ANDROMEDA-SHOCK randomized controlled trial. On the other hand, the monitoring of sublingual microcirculation might also provide relevant physiological and prognostic information. On the contrary, methodological drawbacks mainly related to video assessment hamper its clinical implementation at the present time.

Summary
Measurements of peripheral perfusion might be useful as goal of resuscitation. The results of the ANDROMEDA-SHOCK will clarify the role of skin perfusion as a guide for the treatment of shock. In contrast, the assessment of sublingual microcirculation mainly remains as a research tool.
New insights in the multiple roles of bile acids and their signaling pathways in metabolic control
Authors: de Boer Jan Freark , Bloks Vincent W. , Verkade Esther , Heiner-Fokkema M. Rebecca , Kuipers Folkert 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
There is a growing awareness that individual bile acid species exert different physiological functions, beyond their classical roles in bile formation and fat absorption, due to differential stimulatory effects on the bile-acid-activated receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and takeda G receptor 5 (TGR5). This review integrates recent findings on the role of individual bile acids and their receptors in metabolic control, with special emphasis on cholesterol homeostasis.

Recent findings
The consequences of altered bile acid metabolism, for example, in type 2 diabetes and during aging, on metabolic control is increasingly recognized but full impact hereof remains to be elucidated. These effects interact with those of newly developed pharmacological FXR and TGR5 modulators that aim to improve metabolic health. Studies in genetically modified mice have provided important new insights, for example, establishment of the role of intestinal FXR in control of the transintestinal cholesterol excretion pathway. However, translation from mice to men is hampered by the presence of rodent-specific bile acid species with special features.

Summary
Specific bile acids and their signaling pathways play important roles in control of (cholesterol) metabolism. Deeper insight into the interactions between endogenous (i.e., bile acids) and pharmacological modulators of FXR and TGR5 is needed to optimize therapeutic benefit of the latter. The recent identification of cytochrome P450 2C70 as key enzyme in the formation of rodent-specific hydrophilic muricholic acids allows for the development of adequate mouse models for this purpose.
Do New Mothers Understand the Risk Factors for Maternal Mortality?
Authors: Logsdon M. Cynthia , Davis Deborah Winders , Myers John A. , Masterson Katlin M. , Rushton Jeffrey A. , Lauf Adrian P. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe new mothers' knowledge related to maternal mortality.

Study Design and Methods:
Using a cross-sectional design, new mothers were recruited from a postpartum unit of an academic health sciences center where the population was predominately low-income women. Before hospital discharge, they answered questions on their knowledge of potential postpartum complications that could lead to maternal mortality. Questions were based on recommendations from an expert nursing panel. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results:
One hundred twenty new mothers participated. Results indicated that most new mothers knew that they should watch for heavy bleeding, a severe headache, and swelling after hospital discharge. However, fewer participants knew that a new mother could experience feelings that she could harm herself or her baby, have blood clots larger than a baby's hand, a temperature of 100.4 °F or higher, and odor with vaginal discharge. Courses of action new mothers would take if experiencing any of the warning signs included 18% of mothers would take no action, 76.7% would tell their boyfriend/husband/partner, 72.5% would inform their mother. Only 60% who would call the labor and delivery unit. Only 38% of the sample knew that pregnancy-related complications can occur for up to 1 year after birth, and 13% of mothers reported not knowing that complications can occur for up to 6 weeks postpartum.

Clinical Implications:
Our findings provide a foundation to enhance postpartum education for new mothers and their families and to potentially decrease rates of maternal mortality in the United States.
Effective Communication Strategies for Nurses to Discuss Infant Feeding with New Mothers During Postpartum Hospitalization
Authors: Wood Rainey Banick 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
During prenatal care and postpartum hospitalization, nurses have an important role in assisting new mothers to make informed decisions about feeding their newborn infants. There is overwhelming evidence that breastfeeding is beneficial for most new mothers and babies; therefore, perinatal nurses encourage breastfeeding. Newborn infant feeding conversations with women who have chosen to formula feed may be complicated and may cause tension in the nurse–patient relationship. Despite this potential difficulty, these conversations are essential to establish a feeding plan for the newborn infant and to promote healthy outcomes for mothers and babies. Tools are offered for nurses to guide conversations about infant feeding choices and to help to ensure that all mothers receive support and encouragement on their feeding choice.
Effects of Fatigue on Balance in Individuals With Parkinson Disease: Influence of Medication and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Genotype
Authors: Baer Michael , Klemetson Bradley , Scott Diana , Murtishaw Andrew S. , Navalta James W. , Kinney Jefferson W. , Landers Merrill R. 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose:Because falls can have deleterious consequences, it is important to understand the influence of fatigue and medications on balance in persons with Parkinson disease (PD). Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fatigue on balance in individuals with PD. Because brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to be related to motor performance, we also explored its role.Methods:A total of 27 individuals (age = 65.4 ± 8.1 years; males = 14, females = 13) with neurologist-diagnosed PD with 13 genotyped for BDNF as Val66Val, 11 as Val66Met, 2 as Met66Met (1 refused). Participants were tested both on and off medication, 1 week apart. On both days, they completed a pre- and posttest separated by a fatiguing condition. Factorial analyses of variance were performed for the following balance domains: (1) anticipatory postural responses; (2) adaptive postural responses; (3) dynamic balance; (4) sensory orientation; and (5) gait kinematics. For BDNF, t-tests were conducted comparing genotype for the pre-post difference scores in both the on and off medication states.Results:There were no interactions between time (pre- and postintervention) and medication for any of the domains (Ps ≥ 0.187). Participants with BDNF Met alleles were not significantly different from Val66Val participants in balance (Ps ≥ 0.111) and response to a fatiguing condition (Ps ≥ 0.070).Discussion and Conclusions:Fatigue does not appear to have a detrimental effect on balance, and there was not a differential effect of medication in individuals with PD. These results also indicate that participants with a BDNF Met allele did not have a greater decay in function after a fatiguing condition.Video Abstract availablefor more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A196).
An Acute Bout of Aquatic Treadmill Exercise Induces Greater Improvements in Endothelial Function and Postexercise Hypotension Than Land Treadmill Exercise
Authors: Joubert Dustin P. , Granados Jorge Z. , Oliver Jonathan M. , Noack Bethany L. , Grandjean Peter W. , Woodman Christopher R. , Riechman Steven E. , Crouse Stephen F. 
Published: March 2018

Objective
The purpose of the study was to compare acute bouts of aquatic treadmill (ATM) and land treadmill (LTM) exercise on flow-mediated dilation, postexercise blood pressure, plasma nitrate/nitrite, and atrial natriuretic peptide in untrained, prehypertensive men.

Design
In a counterbalanced, crossover design, 19 untrained, prehypertensive men completed bouts of ATM and LTM on separate days. Flow-mediated dilation was measured pre-exercise and 1-hr postexercise. Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise and immediately postexercise and analyzed for plasma nitrate/nitrite and atrial natriuretic peptide. A magnitude-based inference approach to inference was used for statistical analysis.

Results
A possible clinically beneficial increase in flow-mediated dilation (1.2%, 90% confidence interval = −0.07% to 2.5%) was observed 1 hr after ATM. In contrast, a possible clinically harmful decrease in flow-mediated dilation (−1.3%, 90% confidence interval = −2.7% to 0.2%) was observed 1 hr after LTM. The magnitude of the postexercise systolic blood pressure reduction was greater after ATM (−4.9, SD = 2.9 mm Hg) than LTM (−2.6, SD = 2.5 mm Hg). Atrial natriuretic peptide increased 34.3 (SD = 47.0%) after ATM and decreased −9.0 (SD = 40.0%) after LTM.

Conclusions
An acute bout of ATM induced a more favorable endothelial response and greater postexercise hypotensive response than LTM. These changes were associated with increased atrial natriuretic peptide levels after ATM.
A role for pericytes in chronic pain?
Authors: Durrant Alexandra M. , Swift Matthew N. , Beazley-Long Nicholas 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
The importance of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative conditions is becoming increasingly apparent, yet very little is known about these neurovascular functions in nonmalignant disease chronic pain. Neural tissue pericytes play critical roles in the formation and maintenance of the BBB. Herein, we review the important roles of neural pericytes and address their potential role in chronic pain.

Recent findings
Pericytes are implicated in the function of neural microvasculature, including BBB permeability, neuroimmune factor secretion and leukocyte transmigration. In addition, the multipotent stem cell nature of pericytes affords pericytes the ability to migrate into neural parenchyma and differentiate into pain-associated cell types. These recent findings indicate that pericytes are key players in pathological BBB disruption and neuroinflammation, and as such pericytes may be key players in chronic pain states.

Summary
Pericytes play key roles in pathological processes associated with chronic pain. We propose that pericytes may be a therapeutic target for painful diseases that have associated neural vascular dysfunction. Given the paucity of new pharmacotherapies for chronic pain conditions, we hope that this review inspires researchers to unearth the potential role(s) of pericytes in chronic pain sowing the seeds for future new chronic pain therapies.
Quantum probability and Hilbert’s sixth problem
Authors: Accardi Luigi 
Published: March 2018

With the birth of quantum mechanics, the two disciplines that Hilbert proposed to axiomatize, probability and mechanics, became entangled and a new probabilistic model arose in addition to the classical one. Thus, to meet Hilbert’s challenge, an axiomatization should account deductively for the basic features of all three disciplines. This goal was achieved within the framework of quantum probability. The present paper surveys the quantum probabilistic axiomatization.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Hilbert’s sixth problem’.
CLADES: A Classification-based Machine Learning Method for Species Delimitation from Population Genetic Data
Authors: Pei Jingwen , Chu Chong , Li Xin , Lu Bin , Wu Yufeng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpecies are considered to be the basic unit of ecological and evolutionary studies. Since multi-locus genomic data are becoming increasingly available, there has been considerable interests in the use of DNA sequence data to delimit species. In this paper, we show that machine learning can be used for species delimitation. There exists no species delimitation methods that are based on machine learning. Our method treats the species delimitation problem as a classification problem. It is a problem of identifying the category of a new observation on the basis of training data. Extensive simulation is first conducted over a broad range of evolutionary parameters for training purpose. Each pair of known populations are combined to form training samples with a label of “same species” or “different species”. We use Support Vector Machine (SVM) to train a classifier using a set of summary statistics computed from training samples as features. The trained classifier can classify a test sample to two outcomes: “same species” or “different species”. Given multi-locus genomic data of multiple related organisms or populations, our method (called CLADES) performs species delimitation by first classifying pairs of populations. CLADES then delimits species by maximizing the likelihood of species assignment for multiple populations. CLADES is evaluated through extensive simulation and also tested on real genetic data. We show that CLADES is both accurate and efficient for species delimitation when compared with existing methods. CLADES can be useful especially when existing methods have difficulty in delimitation, e.g. with short species divergence time and gene flow.
A Measure of Open Data: A Metric and Analysis of Reusable Data Practices in Biomedical Data Resources
Authors: Carbon Seth , Champieux Robin , McMurry Julie , Winfree Lilly , Wyat Letisha R. , Haendel Melissa 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTData is the foundation of science, and there is an increasing focus on how data can be reused and enhanced to drive scientific discoveries. However, most seemingly “open data” do not provide legal permissions for reuse and redistribution. Not being able to integrate and redistribute our collective data resources blocks innovation, and stymies the creation of life-improving diagnostic and drug selection tools. To help the biomedical research and research support communities (e.g. libraries, funders, repositories, etc.) understand and navigate the data licensing landscape, the (Re)usable Data Project (RDP) (http://reusabledata.org) assesses the licensing characteristics of data resources and how licensing behaviors impact reuse. We have created a ruleset to determine the reusability of data resources and have applied it to 56 scientific data resources (i.e. databases) to date. The results show significant reuse and interoperability barriers. Inspired by game-changing projects like Creative Commons, the Wikipedia Foundation, and the Free Software movement, we hope to engage the scientific community in the discussion regarding the legal use and reuse of scientific data, including the balance of openness and how to create sustainable data resources in an increasingly competitive environment.
New strains for tissue-specific RNAi studies in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Watts Jason S. , Harrison Henry F. , Omi Shizue , Guenthers Quentin , Dalelio James , Pujol Nathalie , Watts Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRNA interference is a powerful tool for dissecting gene function. In Caenorhabditis elegans, ingestion of double stranded RNA causes strong, systemic knockdown of target genes. Further insight into gene function can be revealed by tissue-specific RNAi techniques. Currently available tissue-specific C. elegans strains rely on rescue of RNAi function in a desired tissue or cell in an otherwise RNAi deficient genetic background. We attempted to assess the contribution of specific tissues to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis using currently available tissue-specific RNAi strains. We discovered that rde-1 (ne219), a commonly used RNAi-resistant mutant strain, retains considerable RNAi capacity against RNAi directed at PUFA synthesis genes. By measuring changes in the fatty acid products of the desaturase enzymes that synthesize PUFAs, we found that the before mentioned strain, rde-1 (ne219) and the reported germline only RNAi strain, rrf-1 (pk1417) are not appropriate genetic backgrounds for tissue-specific RNAi experiments. However, the knockout mutant rde-1 (ne300) was strongly resistant to dsRNA induced RNAi, and thus is more appropriate for construction of a robust tissue-specific RNAi strains. Using newly constructed strains in the rde-1(null) background, we found considerable desaturase activity in intestinal, epidermal, and germline tissues, but not in muscle. The RNAi-specific strains reported in this study will be useful tools for C. elegans researchers studying a variety of biological processes.