bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delaying Anticancer Drug Delivery by Self‐Assembly and Branching Effects of Minimalist Dendron–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Correard Florian , Roy Myriam , Terrasson Vincent , Braguer Diane , Estève Marie‐Anne , Gingras Marc 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembly of a covalently‐bound lipophilic drug to a dendronic scaffold for making organic nanoparticles is reported as a proof of concept in nanovectorization. A minimalist structural approach with a small PEG‐dendron conjugated to paclitaxel (PTX), incorporating safe succinic and gallic acids, is efficient to provide the expected anticancer bioactivity, but also significantly retards and targets intracellular delivery of PTX in 2D and 3D lung cancer cell cultures. A branching effect of dendrons is crucial, when compared to linear PTX conjugates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light‐scattering (DLS) studies indicate the formation of stable, low‐disperse nanoparticles at 10−5 m in H20, which could also be responsible for the biological effects. An ultrasensitive LC‐MS/MS method was used for the determination of intracellular PTX concentration over time, along with the survival rates of cancer cells. Similarly, cell survival assays were successfully correlated to a 3D cell culture with spheroids for mimicking tumors, when treated with PTX conjugates. Our work opens the way to a full evaluation program required for new chemical entities.
Added‐Value Surfactants
Authors: Polarz Sebastian , Kunkel Marius , Donner Adrian , Schlötter Moritz 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSurfactants are ubiquitous in cellular membranes, detergents or as emulsification agents. Due to their amphiphilic properties, they cannot only mediate between two domains of very different solvent compatibility like water and organic but also show fascinating self‐assembly features resulting in micelles, vesicles, or lyotropic liquid crystals. The current review article highlights some approaches towards the next generation surfactants, for example, those with catalytically active heads. Furthermore, it is shown that amphiphilic properties can be obtained beyond the classical hydrophobic–hydrophilic interplay, for instance with surfactants containing one molecular block with a special shape. Whereas, classical surfactants are static, researchers have become more interested in species that are able to change their properties depending on external triggers. The article discusses examples for surfactants sensitive to chemical (e.g., pH value) or physical triggers (temperature, electric and magnetic fields).
Synthesis of Benzannulated Medium‐ring Lactams via a Tandem Oxidative Dearomatization‐Ring Expansion Reaction
Authors: Guney Tezcan , Wenderski Todd A. , Boudreau Matthew W. , Tan Derek S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMedium‐ring natural products exhibit diverse biological activities but such scaffolds are underrepresented in probe and drug discovery efforts due to the limitations of classical macrocyclization reactions. We report herein a tandem oxidative dearomatization‐ring‐expanding rearomatization (ODRE) reaction that generates benzannulated medium‐ring lactams directly from simple bicyclic substrates. The reaction accommodates diverse aryl substrates (haloarenes, aryl ethers, aryl amides, heterocycles) and strategic incorporation of a bridgehead alcohol generates a versatile ketone moiety in the products amenable to downstream modifications. Cheminformatic analysis indicates that these medium rings access regions of chemical space that overlap with related natural products and are distinct from synthetic drugs, setting the stage for their use in discovery screening against novel biological targets.
Slotted‐waveguide array radio frequency coil for ultra‐high‐field magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ilić Milan M. , Notaroš Branislav M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA novel radio frequency (RF) coil for ultra‐high‐field MRI in the form of a slotted waveguide array (SWGA) filled with a low‐loss high‐permittivity dielectric is proposed, evaluated, and demonstrated. A comprehensive computational electromagnetics study, along with basic RF measurements, to characterize the SWGA RF coil at 7T is presented. Slotted waveguides are robust structures capable of handling high powers. They are inherently narrow‐band and have well defined linear polarization. When arranged in an array, they effectively generate high‐quality field with strong and extremely low and components. With added dielectric lenses, the observed transmit efficiencies exceed in the human head model phantom, which is much higher than all results reported in literature. Moreover, we show that the proposed exciter, as an array with well‐decoupled elements (measured isolation between elements is 33 dB or higher), can effectively be used for RF shimming. The novel coil generates RF magnetic field with excellent circular polarization, good uniformity, and negligible axial z‐component, and it provides arbitrarily large or small field of view and excellent transmit efficiency, with and without dielectric lenses. It features well‐defined narrowband operation, excellent isolation between ports/channels, and inherent possibilities for field optimizations via RF shimming and parallel imaging.
Child and maternal attachment predict school‐aged children’s psychobiological convergence
Authors: Sichko Stassja , Borelli Jessica L. , Smiley Patricia A. , Goldstein Alison , Rasmussen Hannah F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPsychobiological convergence—the alignment of task‐related changes in children's self‐reported and physiological indices of reactivity—has recently emerged as a powerful correlate of children's attachment representations, but has not been explored for its association with children's self‐reported attachment, with parents’ attachment, or with respect to cardiovascular reactivity. The present study found that, within a diverse community sample of mothers and school‐aged children (N = 104, Mage = 10.31), the positive link between cardiovascular (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) and subjective reactivity to a stressor was only significant among children with high levels of security and children of mothers with low levels of attachment avoidance and anxiety. The convergence of children's subjective and physiological experience is discussed as a key developmental competence that may lay the groundwork for effective coping.
Maternal report of infant negative affect predicts attenuated brain response to own infant
Authors: Kuzava Sierra , Bernard Kristin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractParent–infant interaction is known to be influenced bidirectionally by parent and infant characteristics. However, it is unclear whether infant temperament affects parents’ neural responses to infant stimuli. 85 infants (6–12 months) were filmed in distress‐eliciting tasks, which were coded for infants’ negative affect. Mothers’ reported infant affect was obtained from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire Very Short Form‐Revised. Mothers’ EEG activity was recorded while passively viewing photos of own, familiarized, and unfamiliar infants. Multiple regression indicated that mothers who reported greater infant negative affect showed a smaller difference in the late positive potential (LPP) response to own infant versus familiarized infant, controlling for researcher‐coded infant negative affect. The findings suggest that parents’ perceptions of their infant's temperament, but not independent measures of infant temperament, are related to electrocortical indices of emotional attention.
Sexual cannibalism and population viability
Authors: Fisher Adam M. , Cornell Stephen J. , Holwell Gregory I. , Price Tom A. R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSome behaviours that typically increase fitness at the individual level may reduce population persistence, particularly in the face of environmental changes. Sexual cannibalism is an extreme mating behaviour which typically involves a male being devoured by the female immediately before, during or after copulation, and is widespread amongst predatory invertebrates. Although the individual‐level effects of sexual cannibalism are reasonably well understood, very little is known about the population‐level effects. We constructed both a mathematical model and an individual‐based model to predict how sexual cannibalism might affect population growth rate and extinction risk. We found that in the absence of any cannibalism‐derived fecundity benefit, sexual cannibalism is always detrimental to population growth rate and leads to a higher population extinction risk. Increasing the fecundity benefits of sexual cannibalism leads to a consistently higher population growth rate and likely a lower extinction risk. However, even if cannibalism‐derived fecundity benefits are large, very high rates of sexual cannibalism (>70%) can still drive the population to negative growth and potential extinction. Pre‐copulatory cannibalism was particularly damaging for population growth rates and was the main predictor of growth declining below the replacement rate. Surprisingly, post‐copulatory cannibalism had a largely positive effect on population growth rate when fecundity benefits were present. This study is the first to formally estimate the population‐level effects of sexual cannibalism. We highlight the detrimental effect sexual cannibalism may have on population viability if (1) cannibalism rates become high, and/or (2) cannibalism‐derived fecundity benefits become low. Decreased food availability could plausibly both increase the frequency of cannibalism, and reduce the fecundity benefit of cannibalism, suggesting that sexual cannibalism may increase the risk of population collapse in the face of environmental change.
Comparison of pharmacological treatment alone vs. treatment combined with implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in patients older than 75 years
Authors: Cortés Marcelino , Palfy Julia Anna , Lopez Marta , Martínez Juan , Rivero Ana Lucia , Devesa Ana , Franco‐Peláez Juan Antonio , Briongos Sem , Taibo‐Urquia Mikel , Benezet Juan , Rubio Jose‐Manuel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsImplantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) reduces mortality in selected patients. However, its role in patients older than 75 years is not well established.Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective, non‐randomized study using a historical cohort from a single centre. Between January 2008 and July 2014, we assessed patients aged ≥75 years with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%, identifying 385 patients with a Class I or IIa recommendation for ICD implantation. At the decision of the patient or attending cardiologists, 92 patients received an ICD. To avoid potential confounding factors, we used propensity‐score matching. Finally, 126 patients were included (63 with ICD). The mean age was 79.1 ± 3.1 years (86.5% male). As compared with the medical therapy group, the ICD patients had a lower percentage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (19.0% vs. 38.1%, P < 0.05) and more frequent use of beta‐blockers (BBs) (85.7 vs. 70.0%, P < 0.05). Other treatments were otherwise similar in both groups. There were no differences related to age, aetiology, or other co‐morbidities. During follow‐up (39.2 ± 22.4 months), total mortality was 46.0% and cardiovascular events (death or hospitalization) occurred in 66.7% of the patients. A multivariate analysis revealed that only BB therapy was shown to be an independent protective variable with respect to mortality [hazard ratio 0.4 (0.2–0.7)]. ICD therapy did not reduce overall mortality or the rate of cardiovascular events.ConclusionsAccording to our results, the use of ICD, as compared with medical therapy, in patients older than 75 years did not demonstrate any benefit. Well‐designed randomized controlled studies in patients older than 75 years are needed to ascertain the value of ICD therapy.
Collocation method for differential variational inequality problems
Authors: Fatemi Seyyedeh Zeinab , Shamsi Mostafa , Razmjooy Navid 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a Jacobi collocation method is presented for solving differential variational inequalities (DVIs). Differential variational inequalities consist of a differential equation and a variational inequality. A type of Jacobi‐Gauss collocation scheme with N knots is applied to the differential part of the problem whereas another type of Jacobi‐Gauss collocation scheme with N + 1 knots is applied to the variational part of it. So the DVI problem turns into a variational inequality problem. Electrical circuits with nonsmooth elements like ideal diodes are an important class of physical systems, which can be modeled as DVI problems. So in the numerical experiments, 1 example with smooth solutions and 4 illustrative examples of simple electrical circuits with ideal diodes are considered. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method but slow convergence for the proposed method for some examples. The reason for slow convergence in this method is that the solutions of these DVIs are nonsmooth.
Distribution of elements in seeds of some wild and cultivated fruits. Nutrition and authenticity aspects
Authors: Krstić Đurđa , Vukojević Vesna , Mutić Jelena , Fotirić Akšić Milica , Ličina Vlado , Milojković‐Opsenica Dušanka , Trifković Jelena 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe compositional, functional, and nutritional properties of fruits are important for defining their quality. Fruit seeds should be better exploited as they are also considered to be a good source of bioactive components. Twenty macro, micro, and trace elements were identified and quantified in the seeds of 70 genuine wild and cultivated fruit species/cultivars by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Sophisticated chemometric techniques were also used to establish criteria for the classification of the analyzed samples.RESULTSCalcium and P were the most abundant elements, followed by K and Na. The content of microelements and trace elements differed among the different cultivars/genotypes. The content of Ba, Pb, and Sr was significantly higher in wild fruits, whereas Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni and Zn content was higher in cultivated fruits.CONCLUSIONAll of the statistical procedures that were used – Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U‐test, and principal component analysis (PCA) – confirm a unique set of parameters that could be used as phytochemical biomarkers to differentiate fruit‐seed samples belonging to different cultivars/genotypes according to their botanical origin. This kind of investigation may contribute to intercultivar/genetic discrimination and may enhance the possibilities of acquiring a valuable authenticity factor. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Staged margin‐controlled excision (SMEX) for lentigo maligna melanoma in situ
Authors: Beveridge Julie , Taher Muba , Zhu Jay , Mahmood Muhammad N. , Salopek Thomas G. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundNo consensus exists regarding the best surgical strategy to achieve clear surgical margins while minimizing tissue excision when definitely excising lentigo maligna melanoma in situ (LM). The staged margin controlled excision (SMEX) technique is a modification of the spaghetti technique that allows surgeons to minimize margins and ensure complete excision of LM.ObjectivesOur objectives were twofold: a) to evaluate the effectiveness of SMEX for treatment of LM and b) detail the SMEX technique.MethodsA retrospective chart review of adult patients who underwent the SMEX technique for treatment of LM from 2011 to 2016 was conducted.ResultsTwenty‐four patients were identified with predominantly facial lesions. The mean defect size was 12.1 cm2. A mean number of two SMEX procedures, with an average margin of 9 mm, were required to obtain complete excision of the LM. Using SMEX, we achieved 100% clearance of LM over a median follow up period of 18 months, with a range of 1‐63 months.ConclusionsSMEX offers a reliable surgical excision method that ensures complete excision of LM in a cosmetically sensitive manner. The recurrence outcomes of SMEX are comparable, if not better, than those of alternative excision techniques in the literature.
High levels of serum CA15‐3 and residual invasive tumor size are associated with poor prognosis for breast cancer patients with non‐pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Fujimoto Yukie , Higuchi Tomoko , Nishimukai Arisa , Miyagawa Yoshimasa , Kira Ayako , Ozawa Hiromi , Bun Ayako , Imamura Michiko , Miyoshi Yasuo 
Published: June 2018

Background and ObjectivesTo identify surrogate markers for prognosis of breast cancer patients with non‐pathological complete response (non‐pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), our investigation focused on the serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA15‐3) as well as clinicopathological factors both before and after NAC.MethodsA total of 185 breast cancer patients treated with NAC were recruited. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen and CA15‐3 were measured at baseline and at completion of NAC.ResultsAmong the non‐pCR cancers (n = 142), the disease‐free survival (DFS) of patients with CA15‐3‐low at baseline (3‐year DFS: 0.908, n = 73) was significantly better than of those with CA15‐3‐high (3‐year DFS: 0.681, n = 69, P = .0134). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that baseline CA15‐3 levels (hazard ratio: 3.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.28‐10.23; P = .0122) and residual invasive size (hazard ratio: 4.47, 1.26‐28.39; P = .0171) were significant independent factors for DFS. The combination of these factors proved to be an accurate predictor for DFS regardless of breast cancer subtypes.ConclusionsThe combination of residual invasive size and serum CA15‐3 levels at baseline seems to be a significant and independent surrogate marker of poor outcome for patients with non‐pCR. These findings suggest that these markers may be useful for identifying patients with inferior prognosis and candidates for additional adjuvant treatments.
Geminin ablation in vivo enhances tumorigenesis through increased genomic instability
Authors: Champeris Tsaniras Spyridon , Villiou Maria , Giannou Anastassios D , Nikou Sofia , Petropoulos Michalis , Pateras Ioannis S , Tserou Paraskevi , Karousi Foteini , Lalioti Maria‐Eleni , Gorgoulis Vassilis G , Patmanidi Alexandra L , Stathopoulos Georgios T , Bravou Vasiliki , Lygerou Zoi , Taraviras Stavros 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGeminin, a DNA replication licensing inhibitor, ensures faithful DNA replication in vertebrates. Several studies have shown that geminin depletion in vitro results in rereplication and DNA damage, whereas increased expression of geminin has been observed in human cancers. However, conditional inactivation of geminin during embryogenesis has not revealed any detectable DNA replication defects. In order to examine its role in vivo, we conditionally inactivated geminin in the murine colon and lung, and assessed chemically induced carcinogenesis. We show here that mice lacking geminin develop a significantly higher number of tumors and bear a larger tumor burden than sham‐treated controls in urethane‐induced lung and azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colon carcinogenesis. Survival is also significantly reduced in mice lacking geminin during lung carcinogenesis. A significant increase in the total number and grade of lesions (hyperplasias, adenomas, and carcinomas) was also confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, increased genomic aberrations, identified by increased ATR and γH2AX expression, was detected with immunohistochemistry analysis. In addition, we analyzed geminin expression in human colon cancer, and found increased expression, as well as a positive correlation with ATM/ATR levels and a non‐monotonic association with γH2AX. Taken together, our data demonstrate that geminin acts as a tumor suppressor by safeguarding genome stability, whereas its overexpression is also associated with genomic instability. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal Analyses of Barley Malting Stages Using Shotgun Proteomics
Authors: Mahalingam Ramamurthy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMalt derived from barley malting is an essential raw material for beer brewing. In this study, we performed the first dynamic proteome survey during barley malting using a gel‐free proteomics approach. This entailed in‐solution tryptic digestion of precipitated proteins and analysis of peptides by nanoliquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 1418 proteins were identified from the five malting stages: Steep, 1, 3, 5 days after germination, and end of Kiln. About 900 proteins identified in this analysis were uncharacterized or predicted proteins. Integrating information from Uniprot90, Uniprot50, Pfam, Interpro databases and gene ontologies from EnsemblPlants, 796 of the predicted and uncharacterized proteins were provided functional annotations. Nearly 63% of the identified proteins were present during all the five time points suggesting a coordinated activation of major metabolic pathways during malting. GO enrichment analysis showed over‐representation of proteins associated with translation, carbohydrate metabolism, and stress response. Analysis of variance of the spectral counts of proteins present in all the five malting stages identified 205 proteins with significant differences in their abundance. Proteins associated with carbohydrate metabolism especially enzyme activity regulation provide novel targets for malting barley breeding and for predicting malting quality.
A randomized controlled trial of a supportive expressive group intervention for women with a family history of breast cancer
Authors: Esplen Mary Jane , Leszcz Molyn , Hunter Jonathan , Wong Jiahui , Leung Yvonne W. , Toner Brenda , Messner Sandra , Glendon Gord , Stuckless Noreen , Butler Catherine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveWomen with a family history of breast cancer (BC) often overestimate their BC risk. Heightened psychological distress may interfere with risk comprehension and screening adherence. The primary purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a 12‐week manual‐based supportive‐expressive (SE) group intervention for this population.MethodsUsing a randomized control trial design, this study compared two interventions: a standard risk‐counseling arm (RC) compared with that plus SE group intervention. The primary study outcome was BC anxiety. Secondary outcomes included psychosocial functioning, risk comprehension, BC knowledge, and screening behaviors.ResultsA total of 161 women with a family history of BC were randomized into SE (N = 108) or RC (N = 53). Participants in both study arms significantly improved on measures of BC anxiety, psychosocial functioning, risk comprehension, and BC knowledge, with no statistical difference between study arms. Benefits were sustained at 1 year. BC screening rates were high in both arms at baseline and follow‐up.ConclusionsSE group therapy as an added intervention to the risk counseling was well‐received, however, did not demonstrate superiority to RC alone. Future studies on treatment matching are needed to further our understanding of interventions that can support women with a family history of BC to work through residual issues, including loss and grief.