bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAÇA/COR NEGRA E ÓBITO POR COVID-19: UM ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL EM UM MUNICÍPIO DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Souza Samara Neri de , Marques Adan Araújo , Fonseca Ana Lúcia Barreto da , Soares Johelle de Santana Passos , Rabelo Dóris Firmino , Cruz Simone Seixas da 
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Estimar a frequência de preenchimento do quesito raça/cor/etnia e associação entre a raça/cor negra e óbitos por COVID-19, no município de Camaçari, na Bahia, entre anos de 2020 e 2021. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, através do levantamento de informações do Departamento de Informática do SUS (OpenDATASUS). Investigou-se a distribuição de casos de COVID-19 por raça/cor/etnia e a distribuição, para as variáveis: faixa etária, sexo e existência de comorbidades. A regressão logística, por subgrupos, foi utilizada para análise de dados e foram estimadas Odds Ratio, seus respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95% e valor de p, obtido por meio do teste qui-quadrado (χ2). Resultados: Os achados mostraram que, para o ano de 2020, o quesito raça/cor/etnia não foi preenchido em 19,7% dos casos confirmados de COVID-19, enquanto no ano seguinte, foi 28,54%. Para os anos de 2020 e 2021, foram mais acometidos pelo agravo, indivíduos negros com idade inferior a 60 anos, com maior proporção do sexo masculino e maior ocorrência de pelo menos um fator de risco para COVID-19, quando comparadas aos indivíduos não negros. Negros sem comorbidades tiveram 16% mais chances de óbito (OR: 1,16; IC 95% 1,02 – 1,31), quando comparados aos não negros, esses achados foram estatisticamente significantes, ao se ajustar para as variáveis idade e sexo (p <0,018). Conclusão: O quesito raça/cor/etnia, ainda possui seu registro negligenciado. Indivíduos negros com COVID-19 que não apresentavam um fator de risco prévio para doença, tiveram maior chance de mortalidade, quando comparados a indivíduos não negros.
Impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 na qualidade de vida e do sono de docentes universitários da área de saúde
Authors: Campos Vanessa , Soares Bezerra Viviane , Ferreira Tomaz Alecsandra 
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A pandemia da COVID-19 afetou as relações sociais, econômicas e a organização do trabalho. Entre as consequências das medidas preventivas, estavam as alterações nas atividades laborais, medo de infecção, o isolamento, dificuldades financeiras e as incertezas sobre o futuro, o que poderia acarretar sobrecarga física e mental. Objetivo: analisar o impacto da pandemia na qualidade de vida (QV) e do sono (QS) em docentes universitários da área de saúde da UEPB. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e analítico, de corte transversal, com recrutamento dos docentes por meio de divulgação eletrônica, respondendo a um questionário virtual, com perguntas abordando aspectos sociodemográficos, laborais, hábitos de vida, o WHOQOL-bref para avaliar a QV e o PSQI para avaliar a QS. Os dados foram analisados através do software estatístico SPSS (versão 22.0). Foi realizada correlação de Spearman entre dados investigados e os escore total e de cada domínio da WHOQOL-bref e PSQI, além da análise por meio de regressão linear múltipla (modelo Stepwise) para explicar se há influência na variância desses dados. O nível de significância adotado foi de p < 0,05. Resultados: Participaram 56 docentes, e encontrou-se valores nos escores que indicam QV mediana, QS ruim e presença de distúrbio do sono em alguns professores. Verificou-se correlações estatisticamente significativas negativas moderadas indicando que quanto melhor a qualidade de sono, maior a qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Os achados apontam alterações em diversas variáveis investigadas, inferindo-se que a pandemia causou impacto negativo para QV e QS dos docentes investigados.
Quality of Care for the Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Lupus Nephritis Across Multiple Health Care Settings
Authors: Aggarwal Ishita , Li Jing , Trupin Laura , Gaynon Lisa , Katz Patricia P. , Lanata Cristina , Criswell Lindsey , Murphy Louise B. , Dall'Era Maria , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveWe examined quality measures for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) among participants of the California Lupus Epidemiology Study across 25 different clinical sites to identify gaps in quality of care.MethodsData from 250 participants with lupus were analyzed across 3 sources (medical records, physician examination, and patient interviews). Overall performance on 8 quality measures was calculated separately for participants with and without LN. We used generalized estimating equations in which the outcome was performance on measures, adjusting for participant demographics, lupus disease severity, and practice characteristics.ResultsOf 148 patients without LN, 42% underwent screening laboratory tests for nephritis, 38% underwent lupus activity serum studies, and 81% had their blood pressure checked every 6 months. Of 102 LN patients, 67% had a timely kidney biopsy, at least 81% had appropriate treatment, and 78% achieved target blood pressure within 1 year of diagnosis. Overall performance in participants across quality measures was 54% (no LN) and 80% (LN). Significantly higher overall performance for screening measures for LN was seen at academic (63.4–73%) versus community clinics (37.9–38.4%). Similarly, among those with LN, higher performance in academic (84.1–85.2%) versus community clinics (54.8–60.2%) was observed for treatment measures.ConclusionIn this quality‐of‐care analysis across 25 diverse clinical settings, we found relatively high performance on measures for management of LN. However, future work should focus on bridging the gaps in lupus quality of care for patients without nephritis, particularly in community settings.
Gait Adaptations in Youth With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Kuntze Gregor , Nesbitt Colleen , Nettel‐Aguirre Alberto , Esau Shane , Scholz Robyn , Brooks Julia , Twilt Marinka , Toomey Clodagh , Mosher Dianne , Ronsky Janet L. , Benseler Susanne , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) affects body structure and function and physical activity outcomes. The present study was undertaken to examine differences in gait kinematics during fixed‐speed treadmill walking for youth with JIA and typically developing (TD) youth.MethodsSagittal plane gait kinematics were obtained using a 12‐camera system (Motion Analysis) for youth with JIA (n = 30) and their age and sex‐matched TD peers (n = 30). Outcomes included disease activity, pain, well‐being, and peak sagittal hip, knee, and ankle joint angles. Kinematics were analyzed for the indexed leg (IL) (i.e., the affected leg of participants with JIA) compared to the dominant leg of TD participants and for the contralateral leg (CL) (i.e., the less/not affected leg of participants with JIA) compared to the nondominant leg of TD participants. Kinematics differences were investigated using multivariate Hotelling's T2 statistic (paired samples; α = 0.05) and simultaneous 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Potential confounders (age, sex, body mass index) were assessed using linear mixed‐effects models with random effect for pairs.ResultsYouth with JIA had low disease activity, pain, and disability scores. Deviations in bilateral joint angles were observed (IL P = 0.015, CL P = 0.009). Youth with JIA walked with greater initial hip flexion (mean difference IL 2.8° [95% CI –0.6, 6.2]; CL 3.0° [–0.9, 6.9]) and lower knee extension (mean difference IL –2.2° [95% CI –4.4, 0.1]; CL –3.3° [–7.4, 0.8]), and lower hip extension during terminal stance (mean difference IL 3.4° [95% CI –0.3, 7.0]; CL 4.0° [1.0, 7.0]).ConclusionDespite low disease activity, youth with JIA avoided the close‐packed knee position, commonly associated with joint inflammation and pain. These findings highlight secondary consequences of JIA and inform targets for physical therapy management for youth with JIA.
Unveiling the Stimulated Robust Carrier Lifetime of Surface‐Bound Excitons and Their Photoresponse in InSe
Authors: Wang Rui , Jiang Xiantao , Gao Siyan , Zhao Jinlai , Zhang Feng , Huang Weichun , Fan Taojian , Liang Weiyuan , Li Zhongjun , Huang Hao , Guo Zhinan , Wang Huide , Zhang Yupeng , Zhang Xi , Luo Zhengqian , Zhang Han 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn contrast to zero‐bandgap metallic graphene, the binary semiconducting compound, InSe, possesses a tunable bandgap. Herein, a range of particle sizes of β‐InSe from bulk to few‐layer nanosheets and quantum dots are carefully prepared. The size‐dependent bandgap variation and photon‐induced carrier dynamics of InSe are systemically investigated. In contrast to the normal size‐dependent carrier lifetime trend observed at 700 nm, anomalous size‐independent carrier decay is observed at 500 nm. Through time‐dependent density functional theory calculations, the normal carrier lifetimes at lower probe photon energies are attributed to in‐plane excitons, whereas the abnormal size‐independent carrier lifetimes at higher probe photon energies are found to be stimulated by surface‐bound excitons. In view of the robust surface exciton, this suggests that InSe may possess an outstanding optoelectronic performance in the shorter wavelength range. Through photoelectrochemical detection experiments, it is confirmed that InSe features a high photocurrent density and stability and, in particular, a more distinct photoresponse at short wavelengths than at longer ones. Comprehending and quantifying the role of the surface‐bound excitons in InSe across a broad range of semiconductor nanostructures and their fundamental properties may play an important role in understanding the physical properties of 2D III–VI compound materials.
Highly Thermal‐Resilient AgNW Transparent Electrode and Optical Device on Thermomechanically Superstable Cellulose Nanorod‐Reinforced Nanocomposites
Authors: Biswas Subir Kumar , Sano Hironari , Yang Xianpeng , Tanpichai Supachok , Shams Md. Iftekhar , Yano Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransparent plastics coated with a nanonetwork of metal nanowires or carbon nanomaterials are promising future electrodes for large‐area, lightweight, and flexible optoelectronic devices. However, plastics are generally thermal‐ dimensionally instable, meaning that they expand and shrink in response to temperature change. This behavior may severe the ultrathin nanonetwork of the conducting nanomaterials, resulting in reduced performance of the electrodes and resulting optoelectronic devices. Herein, an incredibly thermal‐dimensionally stable (3.26–4.68 ppm K−1) transparent and flexible plastic substrate is presented that results in high thermal performance of the resulting silver nanowire (AgNW) electrode and smart optical device. The high thermal‐dimensional stability is achieved through the generation of a hierarchical network of cellulose nanorods (a highly regarded biobased reinforcing material) in the plastic via a water‐based process. The improved nanocomposite electrode exhibits good electro‐optical performance (12.4–15.6 Ω sq−1 vs 84%); high flexibility; good mechanics even at 150 °C; and the capability to withstand repeated extreme heating and cooling at 150 and −196 °C, respectively. The findings of this study combined with those reported in the literature can show a pathway for further performance improvement of transparent electrodes for future advanced devices.
Structure, Ferroelectricity, and Magnetism in Self‐Assembled BiFeO3–CoFe2O4 Nanocomposites on (110)‐LaAlO3 Substrates
Authors: Tian Guo , Ojha Shuchi , Ning Shuai , Gao Xingsen , Ross Caroline A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA strain‐driven BiFeO3 (BFO) tetragonal to rhombohedral phase transition is demonstrated in self‐assembled BiFeO3‐CoFe2O4 (BFO‐CFO) nanocomposites on LaAlO3 (110)‐oriented substrates with varying thickness. The CFO forms parallel nanoscale fin‐shaped structures within a BFO matrix. Out‐of‐plane lattice strain from the BFO/CFO interfaces stabilizes the BFO rhombohedral‐like phase. The BFO exhibits a range of ferroelectric textures including stripe domains and centered domain arrangements, and the magnetic anisotropy of CFO shows a thickness‐dependent reorientation.
Simple, Robust, and Going More Efficient: Recent Advance on Electron Transport Layer‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Like , Ge Ziyi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great potential for photovoltaic applications with their unprecedented power conversion efficiency advancement. Such devices generally have a complex structure design with high temperature processed TiO2 as the electron transport layer (ETL). Further careful design of device configuration to fully tap the potentials of perovskite materials is expected. Particularly, for the practical application of PSCs, it is crucial to simplify their device structures thus the associated manufacturing process and cost while maintaining their efficiency to be comparable with the conventional devices. But how simple is simple? ETL‐free PSCs promise the simplest structured, thus simple manufacturing processes and low cost large area PSCs in practical applications. They can also help the further exploration of the great potential of perovskite materials and understanding the working principle of PSCs. Within this review, the evolution of the PSC is outlined by discussing the recent advances in the simplification of device configuration and processes for cost effective, highly efficient, and robust PSCs, with a focus on ETL‐free PSCs. Their advancement, key issues, working mechanism, existing problems, and future performance enhancements. This review aims to promote the future development of low cost and robust ETL‐free PSCs toward more efficient power output.
Applicant Attitudes Toward the Association of American Medical Colleges’ Standardized Video Interview
Authors: Winfield Ashlea D. , Chhabra Neeraj , Schindlbeck Michael A. , Bowman Steven H 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Standardized Video Interview (SVI) was developed by the American Association of Medical Colleges to allow applicants to include objective data about professional behaviors and interpersonal and communication skills. Although the SVI pilot was administered to individuals applying to emergency medicine (EM) residency programs during the 2018 Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) cycle, little data have been published evaluating the applicant's perceptions. This survey aims to assess EM residency applicant attitudes toward the SVI.MethodsDuring the 2018 ERAS application season an anonymous survey was administered to interviewees at one urban Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–approved EM residency. Respondents were asked questions regarding the production of their video interviews, thoughts regarding the additive value of the SVI, and individual demographic data such as ethnicity and sex. Participation was optional.ResultsA total of 219 of 238 candidates completed the survey representing a 92% response rate. While the majority of applicants did not feel that their ethnicity impacted their application, 58.1% of those who did self‐identified as African American or Asian. A total of 8.7% of respondents felt the SVI added information about their professional behaviors and 11% felt that it added information about interpersonal and communication skills. Only 2.8% of survey respondents felt the SVI should remain a portion of the ERAS application.ConclusionsMost respondents felt that the SVI was not an accurate representation of their interpersonal and communication skills or their professionalism and that it did not add value to their applications. While most cohorts were not concerned about bias regarding sex, ethnicity, sex, or age, a small subset felt that there was a potential for the SVI to bias the party reviewing their applications. Very few applicants felt the SVI should remain a part of the ERAS application. Applicant attitudes toward the SVI are largely negative and require further investigation prior to becoming a standard part of applicants’ ERAS files.
Selecting and ranking areas for conservation ofAegla(Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) in southern South America integrating biogeography, phylogeny and assessments of extinction risk
Authors: Tumini Georgina , Giri Federico , Williner Verónica , Collins Pablo A. , Morrone Juan J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe rapid degradation of freshwater habitats in southern South America may cause the extinction of the endemic species ofAegla, as well as other freshwater species and components of riverside environments related to them. Information on the distribution of species and their conservation status is essential for developing conservation strategies.The updated distribution ofAeglain its southernmost distribution was analysed in order to prioritize freshwater ecoregions, applying biogeographical, phylogenetic and conservation status and complementarity approaches.The distributions of the species ofAeglawere delineated on maps and plotted against freshwater ecoregions. A data matrix of areas versus species was constructed and a taxon–area cladogram was created. Ecoregions were ranked, based on their species richness and using a complementarity criterion, to create a list of those considered important for conservation. The conservation status ofAeglaspecies was assessed on the basis of the categories and criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to produce a decreasing order of the risk of species extinction. These assessments were combined to define a consensus ranking of the priority areas for conservation.The areas of maximum species richness and endemicity, and consequently highest priority of conservation, were the Lower Parana and Patagonia ecoregions. The Cuyan Desaguadero and Mar Chiquita Salinas Grandes ecoregions were the areas of second priority, and the Chaco and Lower Uruguay ecoregions were the areas with the third priority for conservation. Ten out of the 20 species analysed fall within the threat categories of the IUCN. Sixty per cent of the species ofAeglaanalysed have at least one population contained in protected areas.The results obtained may be used to design strategies for implementing conservation policies on freshwater species, generate biogeographical atlases and contribute to selecting Ramsar sites.
Use of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors in Statin‐Associated Immune‐Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy: A Case Series
Authors: Tiniakou Eleni , Rivera Erika , Mammen Andrew L. , Christopher‐Stine Lisa 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the safety of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in patients with statin‐associated anti–3‐hydroxy‐3‐methlyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (anti‐HMGCR)–positive immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM).MethodsMuscle strength was assessed in anti‐HMGCR–positive patients at each visit before and after initiation of PCSK9 inhibitors. The trends in creatine kinase (CK) levels and serum anti‐HMGCR antibody titers were monitored over time.ResultsAmong 122 anti‐HMGCR–positive patients, we identified 8 patients who were receiving PCSK9 inhibitors for hyperlipidemia. Patients were followed up for an average of 1.5 years (range 3–37 months), and none exhibited reduction in muscle strength. The mean ± SD CK level prior to the initiation of PCSK9 inhibitors was 956 ± 1,137 IU/liter, which was reduced to 419 ± 393 IU/liter at their last visit. Anti‐HMGCR antibody titers followed a similar trend. Notably, in 2 patients, the initiation of the lipid‐lowering medication was followed by unanticipated spontaneous clinical improvement and reduction in immunosuppression.ConclusionPCSK9 inhibitors are safe for long‐term use as a cholesterol‐lowering agent in patients with statin‐associated IMNM.
Durchstanzen bei Ermüdungsbeanspruchung
Authors: Furche Johannes , Bauermeister Ulrich , Kummerow Andreas , Hillebrand Matthias 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn punktförmig gestützten Flachdecken ist ein ausreichender Durchstanzwiderstand sicherzustellen. Wird die Decke ermüdungsrelevant beansprucht, ist im Rahmen der Bemessung auch der Ermüdungswiderstand nachzuweisen. Eurocode 2 fordert für Stahlbetonbauteile separate Ermüdungsnachweise gegen Betonversagen und Versagen der Bewehrung. Dieses Nachweiskonzept ist im aktuellen Eurocode 2 für einen Durchstanzbereich mit erforderlicher Durchstanzbewehrung nicht umfassend dargelegt. Für die Filigran®‐Durchstanzbewehrung wurde im Rahmen der Europäischen Technischen Bewertung ETA‐13/0521 ein solches Nachweiskonzept auf der Grundlage des Technischen Berichtes EOTA TR 058 formuliert. Danach ist sowohl die Durchstanzbewehrung auf der Grundlage einer ermittelten Wöhlerlinie nachzuweisen als auch ein Ermüdungsnachweis gegen Betonversagen, das den maximalen Durchstanzwiderstand bestimmt, zu führen. Dieses Nachweiskonzept wird im Beitrag erläutert.
Quantitative characterization of the concentration‐dependent interaction between molecules of Dextran 70 in aqueous solution: Measurement and analysis in the context of thermodynamic and compressible sphere models
Authors: Fernández Cristina , Fodeke Adedayo A. , Minton Allen P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe static light scattering and sedimentation equilibrium of solutions of Dextran 70 were measured as functions of concentration up to 100 g/L in pH 7.4 phosphate‐buffered saline at temperatures between 5 and 37 °C. The concentration dependence of scattering intensity and the apparent molar mass obtained from sedimentation equilibrium were found to be nearly independent of temperature over this range to within the uncertainty of measurement. Global analysis of the concentration dependence of both properties yielded a reliable estimate of the concentration‐dependent thermodynamic activity coefficient, a quantitative measure of the free energy of self‐interaction. The self‐interaction between Dextran molecules is compared with that of a globular protein (BSA) and a highly crosslinked polymer of similar molar mass (Ficoll 70). The observed concentration dependence of the free energy of Dextran self‐interaction may be quantitatively accounted for by a semi‐empirical model in which the polymer molecule is represented by a compressible sphere.
Sensitive enantioseparation and determination of isoprenaline in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Vashistha Vinod Kumar , Bhushan Ravi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA simple, sensitive and fast RPHPLC method was developed and validated for the enantioselective determination of (RS)‐isoprenaline (Ipn) in human plasma. The enantiomers were converted to diastereomeric derivatives using s‐triazine (cyanuric chloride) based chiral derivatizing reagents. l‐isoleucine and l‐methionine were introduced as chiral auxiliary in s‐triazine and two new monochloro‐s‐triazine reagents were synthesized. These reagents were characterized and used for synthesis of diastereomeric derivatives of (RS)‐Ipn spiked in human plasma. (RS)‐Ipn was isolated (purified and characterized) from a commercial pharmaceutical formulation and was used as the standard racemic sample. Structures of the two diastereomeric derivatives were optimized for lowest energy using the Gaussian 09 Rev A. 02 program and hybrid density functional B3LYP with 6‐31G* basis set which showed the spatial orientation of hydrophobic groups on stereogenic centers in the diastereomeric derivatives. The results were correlated with the mechanism of separation and elution order. Limit of detection values were found to be 24.6 and 26.8 ng mL−1 for the first and second eluting diastereomeric derivatives, respectively.