bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STATUS REPRODUKSI DAN POTENSI SAPI SONOK DI KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN
Authors: S. Nurlaila , B. Kurnadi , M. Zali , H. Nining 
Published: September 2019

The method of data collection was done by interviewing farmers directly (respondents) using questionnaires. There were 4 subdistricts those were being the targets of the population, namely from 13 subdistricts in Pamekasan District were the locations for maintaining sonok cattle. Cluster proporsive sampling was determined by the sample of respondents, that was the method of sampling by setting characteristics those were in accordance with the objectives and criteria, namely all of the Sonok cattle those were kept by farmers in 4 subdistricts in Pamekasan District which were the centers for Sonok cattle breeding. The reproduction status of Sonok cattle in Pamekasan District was quite good. The first age of marriage was 23.40 ± 4.17, S / C 1.59 ± 0.53 times, the distance between young calf 14.50 ± 1.83 months, and the value of reproductive efficiency (ER) is 90.51%. The natural increase (NI) value of Sonok cattle in Pamekasan District in 2014 was 9.55%, the value of net replacement rate (NRR) was 101, 48%. The estimation result of Sonok cattle output was 8.24%. Madura cattle population dynamics at the Sonok cattle Nursery Center in Pamekasan District in the period of 2013 to 2017 experienced an average increase of 7.98% annually. The estimated results of the population dynamics from 2018 to 2022 were expected to increase annually by 9.18%. It was concluded that Sonok cattle in Pamekasan District still had the potential to increase the population and the output value was lower than NI (5.06% vs. 15.81%). Keywords : Pamekasan District, Reproduction Status, Natural Increase Value, Sonok Cattle, Questionnaire
PRODUKTIVITAS HIJAUAN YANG DITANAM PADA NAUNGAN POHON KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN TANAMAN CAMPURAN
Authors: Wijaya Agung Kusuma , Muhtarudin Muhtarudin , Liman Liman , Antika Cloudia , Febriana Dini 
Published: September 2019

This research intended to determine the effect of palm oil tree shade and mixed planting on grass and leguminous on productivity. This research has been done on March—June 2018 in Tanjung Agung Area, Katibung District, Kalianda, South Lampung. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with split plot design method. The treatment was implemented in this research is (1) shading, consist of two levels, which are N0 (without shade) and N1 (palm oil tree shade) and (2) mixed plant species, consist of two variations; which is A1 (elephant grass and purple bush bean) and A2 (dwarf elephant grass and purple bush bean). The data which obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance on 5% significant level, then if the result significantly difference, it were analyzed with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that palm oil shading has not significant effect on grass productivity. there is an interaction between the type of grass and oil palm shade on the number of elephant grass and odot grass tillers. The dry matter of grass on mixed planting on land without shade was significantly different with dry matter of grass on mixed planting in palm oil shade. However, it has tendency to increase organic matter of grasss on palm oil shade. Keywords: Palm Oil Shade, Elephant Grass, Dwarf Elephant Grass, Mixing Grass, Productivity
PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DEDAK PADI
Authors: Marbun Febrina Grace Ivonne , Wiradimadja Rahmat , Hernaman Iman 
Published: September 2019

The study aimed to determine the effect of storage time on the physical characteristics of rice bran. The study was carried out by the experimental method using a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments used were the length of storage, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The variables observed were the physical properties of rice bran which included specific density, bulk density, and compact bulk density and moisture content. The collected data was analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan’s test. The results showed that the storage time from week 0 to week 4 did not have a significant effect on the specific density, bulk density, and compact bulk density. The treatment of each other had a significant effect (P <0.05) increasing the rice bran moisture content. It was concluded that the length of storage increased the moisture content with the regression equation y = 1.0963X + 8.728 with R2 = 0.7602, r = 0.8719, but did not affect the physical characteristics of rice bran. Keywords: Density, Moisture Content, Physical Characteristics, Rice Bran, Storage Time
IDENTIFIKASI UKURAN TUBUH DAN KUALITAS SEMEN SAPI KUANTAN JANTAN
Authors: Yendraliza Yendraliza , Abadi Husnul , Misrianti Restu , Ali Arsyadi , Effendi Anwar 
Published: September 2019

Kuantan cattle is one of the Indonesia's local cattle originating from Riau Province. This research were aimed to determine the average body size and test the fresh semen quality of Kuantan cattle. Measurements of Kuantan cattle body were carried out in 16 adult bulls by observing body length, chest circumference, and shoulder height. Semen quality testing was carried out on four years old bulls with ±150kg weight with the parameters are odor, color, pH, volume, consistency and degrees of viscosity, motility, viability and abnormality. The results showed that the average body size of cattle in Kuantan included body length (cm), chest circumference (cm) and shoulder height (cm) of Kuantan cattle were 88.45 ± 3.92, 119.77 ± 16.18 and 98.94 ± 10.28, while motility, viability, abnormalities were 75.00%, 81.33%, 6.8%. The conclusions of this study were Kuantan cattle body size in small size and the semen feasible to be diluted into frozen semen. Keywords: Body Size, Semen Quality, Kuantan Cattle
SUMBER DAYA INTERNAL PETERNAK SAPI PERAH DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP DINAMIKA KELOMPOK DAN KONTEKS KERENTANAN
Authors: Amam Amam , Jadmiko M. Wildan , Harsita Pradiptya Ayu , Widodo Nur , Poerwoko M. Setyo 
Published: September 2019

This research aims to find out the influence of dairy farmer’s internal resources on group dynamics and vulnerability context of dairy farming business. The research was conducted at the animal husbandry institution Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang in Pujon Subdistrict, Malang District, East Java Province on October - December 2018. The research variables consisted of financial resources (X1), technological resources (X2), physical resources (X3), group dynamics (Z1), and the context of vulnerability of dairy farming business (Y1). The respondents were all KUB member dairy farmers, namely 174 dairy farmers. Data were analyzed by the SEM (Structural Equation Model) method using SmartPLS 2.0. The results showed that the accessibility of dairy farmers to internal resources affected group dynamics by 33%, while vulnerability context of dairy farming business was influenced by the dairy farmer’s internal resources and group dynamics by 30.3%. The conclusion of the research showed the role of resources could influence to group dynamics and vulnerability context of dairy farming business. Keywords: Dairy Cattle, Farming Business, Group Dynamics, Internal Resources, Vulnerability Context
IDENTIFIKASI TOTAL MIKROBA, CEMARAN Escherichia coli DAN NILAI pH SUSU PASTEURISASI YANG BEREDAR DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Puspitarini Oktavia Rahayu , Mubarakati Nurul Jadid 
Published: September 2019

Malang is a rich culinary city of livestock products such as pasteurized milk. The purposes of this study were analyzed total microbes, contamination of Escherichia coli and pH of pasteurized milk produced by milk store, village unit cooperation milk house and STMJ cafe in Malang. The method of this research were survey and experiment. The samples were took from milk store (P1), village unit cooperation milk house (P2) and STMJ café (P3) in Malang during 4 days. The data analysis of total microbial and pH using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) while Escherichia coli data was analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results showed that there were a real influence (P<0,05) of milk producers on total microbes and pH. Escherichia coli contaminant from three producers were showed the same results which were less than 3 apm/ml. The conclusions of this study were total microbes and contamination of Escherichia coli original pasteurized milk produced by milk store, village unit cooperation milk house and STMJ cafe under the limit of microbial contamination on food. Microbiological quality in terms of total microbes, and contamination of Escherichia coli pasteurized milk by milk store in Malang City were classified to national standard of pasteurized milk in Indonesia. Keywords: Total Microbes, Escherichia coli, pH, Pasteurized Milk, Malang City
RESPONS FISIOLOGIS DAN KETAHANAN PANAS KAMBING BOERAWA DAN PERANAKAN ETTAWA PADA MODIFIKASI IKLIM MIKRO KANDANG MELALUI PENGKABUTAN
Authors: Qisthon Arif , Hartono Madi 
Published: September 2019

This research aimed to study the effect of microclimate modification of pensby misting and the goats breeds (Boer and Ettawa crossbreeds) on physiological responses to adapt to the hot environments. The study was conducted from August-September 2018 at the UPTD Goat Breeding Center, Lampung Plantation and Livestock Service Office located in Negeri Sakti, Pesawaran Regency. The study used a split plot design in completely randomized design. Two treatments were applied in this study, namely modification of the pen consisting of pens without misting and pens with misting and the goat breed namely Boerawa and Ettawa crossbreed (PE). Twelve female goats were used in this study, each of six Boerawa and PE respectively. The parameters observed were microclimate conditions, namely air temperature,relative humidity, and Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and physiological responses consisted of respiration rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, and Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC). The results showed that there was no effect of the interaction between the treatment of misting and the breeds of goat on respiration rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, and HTC. Misting can improve air temperature, THI, respiration rate and HTC, on the other hand, does not affect the heart rate and rectal temperature. Goat breed has no effect on all physiological responses. Thus, modification of the microclimate by misting effectively maintains body temperature under normal conditions and increases the adaptability of goats to hot environments. Keywords: Physiological Responses, Microclimate Conditions, Microclimate Modification, Misting
TATA NIAGA PEMASARAN AYAM PEDAGING POLA MANDIRI DI KECAMATAN RASAU JAYA KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Karpriana Angga Permadi , Tribudi Yuli Arif 
Published: September 2019

Livestock is one of the agricultural sub-sectors. Currently, broiler farming business attacks have many attention for researchers to be studied. Trading system becomes an integral part in the entire business activity, so do in broiler farming business. The trading system in broiler farming business is included in the downstream agribusiness sub-system so the farmers are able to be easier in distributing their livestock products to consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trading system of broiler chicken with self-operating model in Rasau Jaya sub-district, Kubu Raya district, West Kalimantan from January to March 2018. Total of 32 livestock keepers and 8 traders were used as samples. Both of the primary and secondary data were collected. This study was performed using descriptive survey method. Snowball sampling method was also applied for sample collection. Trading system of broiler farming business in the studied location is divided into two channels. Channel I consisted of breeders, collectors, consumers, while Channel II consisted of farmers, collectors, retailers, consumers. It could be concluded that channel II was more complex than Channel 1 because in Channel II there was a retailer that had a function as intermediary between traders and consumers. Keywords: Broiler Chicken, Farming Bussiness, Marketing, Self-Operating Model, Trading System
Uncertainty of Psychological and Spatial Identity: A Study on the Novel of Bharati Mukherjee’s Wife and Jasmine”
Authors: Jack Daniel 
Published: September 2019

This review assess Dr. Rajib Bhaumik’s research on diasporic writer Bharati Mukherjee’s wife and Jasmine. Diaspora refers to those people who live in other countries leaving their birth place and their writings still revolves around their homeland. The diasporic mood refers to the transcultural restlessness of the writers. The transcultural narratives possess a serious challenge to the cultural stability of the metropolitan centers.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Secara Fisikokimia Sedian Krim Anti-Aging
Authors: Maya Ira , Mutakin Mutakin 
Published: September 2019

Penuaan secara alamiah terjadi pada makhluk hidup. Efek dari proses penuaan pada manusia adalah terjadinya gangguan secara fisik seperti kehilangan elastisitas kulit sehingga kulit menjadi keriput dan juga hiperpigmentasi. Sebagai upaya dalam mencegah maupun mengatasi hal tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat menginhibisi terjadinya reaksi oksidasi sel sehingga dapat mengurangi kerusakan sel dan penuaan dini. Beberapa tumbuhan yang telah diteliti memiliki potensi sebagai antiaging adalah mahkota dewa, sirih, narwastu, rambutan, jagung, ubi jalar, kelor, raspberi, anggur dan lengkeng. Untuk memudahkan penggunaan tanaman tersebut sebagai antioksidan, bentuk sediaan kosmetik merupakan pilihan utama yang dapat digunakan secara mudah dan nyaman. Bentuk sediaan kosmetik dapat berupa sediaan gel, krim, bedak, salep dan losion. Review artikel ini akan memaparkan formulasi sediaan krim anti-aging yang mengandung zat aktif dari ekstrak tanaman. Review artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian komparatif dengan mengumpulkan berbagi sumber pustaka primer dari 18 jurnal penelitian. Hasil review ini mengindikasikan bahwa semua krim yang diformulasikan stabil secara fisikokimia dengan tidak adanya tanda-tanda kerusakan bentuk sediaan emulsi dan perubahan sifat fisikokimia selama uji stabilitas dilaksanakan. Sehingga formula ini berpotensi digunakan dalam pengembangan formula sediaan krim yang mengandung zat aktif dari ekstrak tanaman. Kata kunci: Anti-aging, Sediaan Krim, Ekstrak
The disparities of supra regional interactions and the limits movement of International actors An evaluation vision for the future of Middle East
Authors: Kadhim Ahmed Adnan 
Published: September 2019

The article had been tackled the current international community which suffered from the chaos of conflicts and wars that have resulted from successive crises ; because of the hard circumstances which seemed noticeable in the Middle East and elsewhere .
So that we couldn’t see any development in the re- production of effective means and guarantors for the security and stability of the dynamics of the supra-regional interactions which were moving by the divergences of interests and its contradictions and disparities alike ; but sometimes we found many kinds of conflicts and wars that were administered by proxy. And from another hand, we witnessed another patterns of international and direct regional intervention , So the last form of wars , as such as we found a prevalent interpolation inside the Syrian war, the Yemeni war, and the Libyan war and so on .
The article had researched about the fears and warnings of supra regional great-powers (Russia, China, etc.) to limit the ineffectiveness and effectiveness of international variables on the level of international politics for controlling over the stability of the Middle East consequently. Especially after the events as known as the Arab spring revolutions since 2011, owing to the spread of a new phase of intense rivalries that confirmed the oscillating probabilities between the conflict and cooperation alike .
All of these developments led to the loss of opportunities for cooperation in the final outcome due to the delay in settling these types of conflicts and wars as result of the imbalance within the form of alliances between the powerful actors (the powers of the emerging regional and the international actors alike), which seek to secure its influence even at the expense of the stability in Middle east (The reality of political settlements that came from outside the frontiers). Furthermore , The strategic orientations remain aligned in a parallel with the political alliances (the Iranian-Turkish regional role supported by Russia) to be done in front of the regional role of the Arab Gulf states that supported by the United States of America .
Finally , the frameworks of the cooperation and conflict began to discuss broadly for the future of the Middle East, where the interests of the superpowers were intertwined with the interests of the supra regional powers, without making any significant progress towards solving the recent problems and pending crises that threaten the security of the region as thoroughly . And for dealing with the most dangerous issues and matters of the whole region , as such as the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and how to rebuilding the peace within societies in the post wars period that erupted ultimately in the middle east region .
International and regional rivalry in the Horn of Africa - East Africa and its reflection on security in the Middle East
Authors: Alwan Al - Saeedi Saad Obaid , Abdualkareem Mustafa 
Published: September 2019

The researchers focused on armed conflicts, humanitarian disasters and poverty when they looked at areas such as the largely interconnected Horn of Africa and East Africa, ignoring the strategic importance of these areas in regional and international security.
In fact, this region is only geographically, politically, economically and security to compete at all levels and is affected by the dynamics of conflict and international and regional cooperation and its external variables.
Since the major discoveries of energy sources in the Middle East and the increasing importance of sea lanes, the region has become increasingly important in international and regional strategies.
The importance of the Middle East region as part of the strategies of the international and regional powers has become at the heart of the foreign political goals of these forces, which not only strengthened their influence in the Middle East, but also extended their plans to neighboring regions in order to ensure their survival within the framework of competition in the Middle East or to protect their vital interests.
Among the most interconnected areas of the Horn of Africa - East Africa is the Middle East and Arab countries close to them in particular, including Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Sudan.
There is no doubt that the objectives of the international and regional forces competing in this region have serious repercussions on the Arab regional security, especially in the Red Sea and the corridors related to it and from this race and international and regional scramble to get a real basis for the exercise of roles in this region and the extent of reflection on the overall security in the region Middle East stems from the importance of the subject.
Civil society organizations and peace building in Iraq after 2003 Assistant
Authors: Saeed Qassim Alwan 
Published: September 2019

Civil society organizations are among the most important non-official institutions independent of state authority. Today, they are a cultural necessity and a social force that has no special goals. It has lofty goals and principles, including the establishment of a culture of dialogue and peaceful coexistence and the consolidation of the values of citizenship and human rights
The period following the events of 2003 witnessed the establishment of a large number of these organizations in Iraq because of the political evolution and the accompanying democratic and political parties and the change in the structure and management of the system. These organizations played a large role in Iraq after 2003 to the occupation of a large Iraq, which requires directing the resources of the state for the liberation of Iraqi territory, and the elimination of this organization, as these organizations to play a major role in building peace and the transformation of conflict and prevent the arrival of violence through the creation of an appropriate environment and address the factors and the dynamics of this conflict from In the development of a comprehensive approach, and rehabilitation of Iraqi society, which is suffering from a new type of relations based on suspicion and suspicion, after the foundations of community coexistence in Iraq were hit
Peace building and resolution of conflicts, especially the major ones, which often have multiple causes, require great efforts by the State, civil society organizations and individuals, as well as international support, by studying the causes of these conflicts and exploring the root causes of violence and applying methods based on the cooperation of the parties to the conflict In a satisfactory manner, taking into account the cultural and religious diversity of all parties. This is done by providing the appropriate political, economic, social, cultural and security environment to reduce the violence and avoid returning it again by forcing individuals to reconsider their values and perhaps some of their extremist ideas. They have inherited it through their dealings with Qadash during the period of control over their areas, the decline of state authority, and the achievement of human security based on the citizen, to build peace, which is one of the main pillars in rebuilding the country that has been subjected to wars in order to get rid of the effects of conflicts and conflicts. And not to return to the future and ensure the security of the countries of the world.
The Federal Government The Kurdistan Regional Government after the Islamic State (ISIS)
Authors: Adham Kamal Hussein 
Published: September 2019

The federal government Kurdistan government after period of ISIS The relationship between the federal government and Kurdistan government no fixed in relationship and witness some vibration in region prime minister Nori al maliky and relocate to period of prime minister Hider al ibady . And the beginning of fighting extreme groups of ISIS . and the beginning of establishing international coalition to fighting thesis groups . and try to solve problems of distribution of resource finance of Iraqi oil sells. for theses this research want to study the frame of legal and constitutional between the federal and regional government which depend on decentralization in administration and distribution authorities between the center and the regional and give wide authorities to regional to the constitution of 2005.which gives the executive. parliamentary . judicial . the constitute on decentralization . and was studied in the first chapter in title legal frame and constitutional establish of federal and regional government . and the second chapter studied the security problems during the active of the groups of ISIS which resulted disputes between the central and regional government which led to plebiscite in Kurdistan to leave Iraq . the third chapter will study the active administration to the central and regional government beside the introduction and conclusions which may be help the Iraqis estate .