bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On plane curves given by separated polynomials and their automorphisms
Authors: Bonini Matteo , Montanucci Maria , Zini Giovanni 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLet 𝓒 be a plane curve defined over the algebraic closureKof a finite prime field 𝔽pby a separated polynomial, that is 𝓒 :A(Y) =B(X), whereA(Y) is an additive polynomial of degreepnand the degreemofB(X) is coprime withp. Plane curves given by separated polynomials are widely studied; however, their automorphism groups are not completely determined. In this paper we compute the full automorphism group of 𝓒 whenm≢ 1 modpnandB(X) =Xm. Moreover, some sufficient conditions for the automorphism group of 𝓒 to imply thatB(X) =Xmare provided. Also, the full automorphism group of the norm-trace curve 𝓒 :X(qr– 1)/(q–1)=Yqr–1+Yqr–2+ … +Yis computed. Finally, these results are used to show that certain one-point AG codes have many automorphisms.
Constitutionalism and Development: A Mismatch or a Dream-Team?
Authors: Harding Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article examines the conceptual and historical relationship between constitutionalism and development. It argues that the communities that represent these two ideas have had little engagement, and yet there is a good deal of overlap between their areas of concern. Given that the Sustainable Development Goals 2015 have strongly embraced good governance, accountability and the rule of law, and we have become adept at defining and articulating the rule of law, the time seems ripe for development to engage with constitutionalism, and for constitutionalism to use “developmental operativity”, as I call it, to advance its objectives in practice.
[In]stability in the use of a stable variable
Authors: Mechler Johanna , Buchstaller Isabelle 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The relationship between community-wide change and patterns of variation and change within the individual is one of the cornerstones of variationist theorising. But while sociolinguistic theory makes clear and testable predictions regarding the use of stable vernacular features across the life-span of the individual, we lack real-time evidence on the age-graded nature of stable variability. Indeed, whereas apparent time research highlights the diachronic stability of (ing), only two research projects have explored its use within the individual speaker. Both report on pre-adult speakers. Our research expands the window of analysis by adding a later age-bracket to the investigation of age-graded variability. We consider the variable realisation of (ing) in a group of individuals between early adulthood and retirement.
Perplexity – a new predictor of cognitive changes in spoken language? – results of the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on Adult Development and Aging (ILSE)
Authors: Frankenberg Claudia , Weiner Jochen , Schultz Tanja , Knebel Maren , Degen Christina , Wahl Hans-W. , Schroeder Johannes 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In addition to memory loss, progressive deterioration of speech and language skills is among the main symptoms at the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Detailed interview analyses demonstrated early symptoms years before the onset of AD/MCI. Automatic speech processing could be a promising approach to identifying underlying mechanisms in larger studies or even support diagnostics. Perplexity as a measure of predictability of text could be a sensitive indicator of cognitive deterioration. Therefore, voice recordings from the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on Adult Development and Aging were analyzed with regard to neuropsychological parameters in participants that develop MCI/AD or remain cognitively healthy. Preliminary results indicate that perplexity predicts severity of cognitive deficits and information processing speed obtained 10–12 years later in participants who developed MCI/AD in contrast to those who stayed healthy. Findings support the heuristic value of research on the diagnostic potential of automatic speech processing.
Ageism and interactional (mis)alignment: Using micro-discourse analysis in the interpretation of everyday talk in a hair-salon
Authors: Heinrichsmeier Rachel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the fifty years since Robert Butler coined the term, ageism remains one of the most widely-experienced forms of discrimination in Europe. Some forms of ageism seem overt and easy-to-identify; in many cases, though, it is invisible and deeply rooted in everyday life. This applies, too, to ageism-in-interaction, which, as I argue in this paper, can be very subtle, deeply embedded in a web of routines and expectations generated over a longer interactional history.
I illustrate this embeddedness of ageism-in-interaction by focussing, as a case-study, on an encounter in a hair-salon between an 83-year-old woman and her stylist, aspects of which we might initially be tempted to attribute to the stylist’s orientations to the client’s (older) age. However, as I show, closer scrutiny of the emergent interaction, combined with progressive widening of the analysis to encompass data outside this focal exchange, suggests more nuanced understandings of what is going on. As I also aim to show, the nose-to-data attention to the emergent interactions in this case-study, informed by conversation analysis and combined with wider ethnographic knowledge, is the tool-kit we need to reveal the less visible instances of ageism-in-interaction.
Grammaticalization and the linguistic individual: new avenues in lifespan research
Authors: Anthonissen Lynn , Petré Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper reviews theoretical and methodological advances and issues in lifespan research and discusses how the issues at stake are addressed in an ongoing research project. Summarizing the state of the art, we conclude that next to nothing is known about lifespan changes affecting syntactic or grammaticalizing constructions that goes beyond exploratory or anecdotal evidence. TheMind-Bending Grammarsproject, which examines the adaptive powers of adult cognition and constraints on these powers, aspires to make headway in this area. In this paper, we introduce some of the major goals of the project and present a new large-scale longitudinal corpus of 50 adults that was established to study grammatical change across the lifespan. Particular attention is paid to the constraints on the adoption of novel grammatical patterns in the aging mind. Takingbe going toas a case study, we present evidence that (highly educated) healthy monolingual speakers continue to participate in grammatical innovations across the lifespan.
The Equilibrium of Parking Violation and China’s Economic Reform
Authors: Hong Sheng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Political decision makers are economic agents who try to maximize self-interests. This simple assumption helps explain China’s decision-making of reform and opening up and shed light on its contradictory political logic. Under a fully planned economy, market liberalization benefits everyone, including political decision makers. After wealth is created in the market economy, political decision-makers have incentives to take a growing share of wealth for themselves if no institutional mechanism exists to check their power. When the proportion of wealth appropriated by political decision-makers exceeds the margin where the people can afford, the market starts to suffer and the growth of wealth is derailed. At the extreme, political decision-makers takes so much wealth to push the entire social economic system to the verge of collapse. Because political decision-makers do not know where the equilibrium margin is, the above thinking has practical consequences. When political decision-makers keep expanding their take of wealth, the worst scenario may occur.
High focusing efficiency in subdiffraction focusing metalens
Authors: Zhuang Ze-Peng , Chen Rui , Fan Zhi-Bin , Pang Xiao-Ning , Dong Jian-Wen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Vector beams with phase modulation in a high numerical aperture system are able to break through the diffraction limit. However, the implementation of such a device requires a combination of several discrete bulky optical elements, increasing its complexity and possibility of the optical loss. Dielectric metalens, an ultrathin and planar nanostructure, has a potential to replace bulky optical elements, but its optimization with full-wave simulations is time-consuming. In this paper, an accurate and efficient theoretical model of planar metalens is developed. Based on this model, a twofold optimization scheme is proposed for optimizing the phase profile of metalenses so as to achieve subdiffraction focusing with high focusing efficiency. Then, a metalens that enables to simultaneously generate radially polarized beam (RPB) and modulate its phase under the incidence of x-polarized light with the wavelength of 532 nm is designed. Full-wave simulations show that the designed metalens of NA = 0.95 can achieve subdiffraction focusing (FWHM = 0.429λ) with high transmission efficiency (77.6%) and focusing efficiency (17.2%). Additionally, superoscillation phenomenon is found, leading to a compromise between the subdiffraction spot and high efficiency. The proposed method may provide an accurate and efficient way to achieve sub-wavelength imaging with the expected performances, which shows a potential application in super-resolution imaging.
Stability of PMMA-grafted/Ti hybrid biomaterial interface in corrosive media
Authors: Schott Tiphaine , Liautaud Françoise , Kriegel Sebastien , Faerber Jacques , He Wenjia , Masson Patrick , Pourroy Geneviève , Carradò Adele 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The stability of interfaces between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and titanium (Ti) are tested in a Ringer solution that is an aggressive medium usually used for biomaterial evaluation. The devices are PMMA-grafted/Ti elaborated via a “grafting-from” method involving three steps, the alkali activation of Ti sheets, their functionalization with an initiator of polymerization through a phosphonate anchoring group and the growth of PMMA brushes. Electrochemical characterizations demonstrate that the stability of the PMMA-grafted/Ti interface in biological medium is satisfactory and that the grafting of PMMA is even acting as a protective barrier for titanium. Indeed, PMMA-grafted/Ti remains passive in Ringer solution until at least +3 V/SCE (saturated calomel electrode), even under inflammatory conditions, while localized corrosion was measured on as-received titanium in similar conditions. This protecting role is attributed to the grafted interface, since spin-coated PMMA does not decrease the corrosion sensitivity of titanium.
How alkali-activated Ti surfaces affect the growth of tethered PMMA chains: a close-up study on the PMMA thickness and surface morphology
Authors: Reggente Melania , Kriegel Sebastien , He Wenjia , Masson Patrick , Pourroy Geneviève , Mura Francesco , Faerber Jacques , Passeri Daniele , Rossi Marco , Palkowski Heinz , Carradò Adele 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The alkali-activation of titanium (Ti) surfaces performed in a heated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution, results in a porous layer rich in hydroxyl (OH) groups, the structure and porosity of which strongly depend on the reaction time and NaOH concentration used. In this study, a polymerization initiator is covalently grafted on the alkali-activated Ti substrates by using a phosphonic acid as coupling agent and the resulting surfaces are used as scaffolds to drive the growth of tethered poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains via a surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerisation (SI-ATRP). A close-up investigation of how different treatment times (1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h) and NaOH concentrations (0.1 M, 0.5 M, 1 M, 2 M, and 5 M) affect the final PMMA morphology and thickness are presented.
Integrability, exact solutions and nonlinear dynamics of a nonisospectral integral-differential system
Authors: Xu Bo , Zhang Sheng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The investigations of integrability, exact solutions and dynamics of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are vital issues in nonlinear mathematical physics. In this paper, we derive and solve a new Lax integrable nonisospectral integral-differential system. To be specific, we first generalize an eigenvalue problem and its adjoint equation by equipping it with a new time-varying spectral parameter. Based on the generalized eigenvalue problem and the adjoint equation, we then derive a new Lax integrable nonisospectral integral-differential system. Furthermore, we obtain exact solutions and their reduced forms of the derived system by extending the famous non-linear Fourier analysis method–inverse scattering transform (IST). Finally, with graphical assistance we simulate a pair of reduced solutions, the dynamical evolutions of which show that the amplitudes of solutions vary with time.
A structural quality evaluation model for three-dimensional simulations
Authors: Kowalczyk Michał , Napieralski Piotr 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose
In recent years, computer simulations have become an innovative approach which enables research in the field of highly complicated physical phenomena and the study of the laws which govern the universe. The proper interpretation of the results of a visual simulation requires the highest quality of the generated image, as every distortion or mistake may have a significant influence on the readability, accuracy and even credibility of the presentation of the results. The aim of this presentation is to determine a model that enables precise quality evaluation of the three-dimensional visual simulations in the field of structural correctness.

Design/methodology/approach
The developed model is a solution that makes it possible to estimate the quality of stereoscopic image in the context of major three-dimensional structural dysfunctions, namely, vertical parallax, rotation mismatch and scale mismatch. Implementing the wrought theoretical model with the use of cost-effective mechanisms of image feature detection creates a robust method which enables the scalar grade of structural correctness of the studied three-dimensional simulation to be computed.

Findings
On the basis of the conducted research, in particular, taking into account three-dimensional simulations, it was stated that the formulated model with the developed method provides an efficient, structural quality estimation tool applicable for a wide variety of three-dimensional images. The obtained results indicate that the wrought method has huge potential in the application of high-resolution simulations by enabling a screening test of the structural quality of the stereoscopic view in quasi-real time.

Practical implications
The developed method may be used both in order to verify the quality of ready-to-use three-dimensional image and also at the stage of the calibration of input parameters of the simulation.

Originality/value
The paper takes into account the selection of the most significant distortions which occur in visual, three-dimensional simulations providing a cost-effective and versatile tool which allows for the detection and elimination of serious mistakes and dysfunctions as early as at the calibration stage.
225Ac/213Bi generator based on inorganic sorbents
Authors: Vasiliev Aleksandr N. , Ermolaev Stanislav V. , Lapshina Elena V. , Zhuikov Boris L. , Betenekov Nikolay D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A scheme of an “inverse” generator based on an inorganic sorbent (annealed zirconium and yttrium mixture oxides) has been proposed and tested. The generator demonstrated high yield of the 213Bi product (up to 97 % in 0.5 mL of eluate), high degree of purification from the actinium isotopes (up to 10−2 % of initial 225Ac in 3 M NaNO3 solution), as well as the products of 227Ac decay, and low radiation impact on the sorbent. Application of circulating approach to the sorption of 213Bi provides decreasing processing time to 5 min at higher yield of the product.
A New Testing Method for the Characterization of the Tension-Compression Cyclic Behavior of Rock Salt
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Wang Chunping , Pei Jianliang , Wang Lu , Xu Huining , Deng Chaofu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
To improve the stability of salt cavern gas storage, the tension-compression cyclic behavior of surrounding rock must be correctly characterized. This article proposes a new tension-compression cyclic testing method in which a rock specimen–fixing device with position-limit spring components is provided. The fixing device can both bear compressive stress and direct tensile stress, that is, the new testing method implements a completely reversed stress condition: direct tensile stress and compressive stress. Investigations on the tension-compression cyclic behavior of pure rock salt and impure rock salt were undertaken using this method. In the experiment, four cycles of tension-compression alternation loading were carried out first, then a tensile stress was applied until the occurrence of rock failure. The axial stress-strain curve of pure rock salt shows hysteretic behavior within each cycle. The damage evolution process induced by the tension-compression cyclic stress was illustrated by the spatial distribution of acoustic emission (AE) events and the variation of AE cumulative counts. The experimental results indicate that the developed method can be easily applied to investigate the tension-compression cyclic behavior of rock material.
A Genealogy of Narcissism: Percy Shelley’s Self-Love
Authors: Freer Alexander 
Published: June 2019

Alexander Freer, “A Genealogy of Narcissism: Percy Shelley’s Self-Love” (pp. 1–29)
Readers have long considered Percy Shelley narcissistic. They have good reason: his account of love is premised on a lover’s thirst for likeness. Yet Shelley’s idea of love also obliges us to rethink the concept of narcissism, and especially its relations to solipsism and selfishness. Shelley works through Plato’s accounts of love in his translation of The Symposium, titled The Banquet (1818), and the accompanying Discourse on the Manners of the Antient Greeks, before developing a related but distinct account of his own, in which lovers seek from each other the things that they already know but cannot otherwise enjoy. Ultimately, Shelley’s self-love is not a form of solitary satisfaction, but an ethical and aesthetic project that is dependent on the recognition of another. Tracing Shelley’s thinking on love from his engagement with Plato to his own poetry and prose, this essay develops an alternate, non-Freudian genealogy of narcissism.
Differences Between the Raw Material and the Products ofde NovoGene Birth Can Result from Mutational Biases
Authors: Nielly-Thibault Lou , Landry Christian R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProteins are among the most important constituents of biological systems. Because all protein-coding genes have a noncoding ancestral form, the properties of noncoding sequences and how they shape the birth of novel proteins may influence the structure and function of all proteins. Differences between the properties of young proteins and random expectations from noncoding sequences have previously been interpreted as the result of natural selection. However, interpreting such deviations requires a yet-unattained understanding of the raw material of de novo gene birth and its relation to novel functional proteins. We mathematically show that the average properties and selective filtering of the “junk” polypeptides of which this raw material is composed are not the only factors influencing the properties of novel functional proteins. We find that in some biological scenarios, they also depend on the variance of the properties of junk polypeptides and their correlation with the rate of allelic turnover, which may itself depend on mutational biases. This suggests for instance that any property of polypeptides that accelerates their exploration of the sequence space could be overrepresented in novel functional proteins, even if it has a limited effect on adaptive value. To exemplify the use of our general theoretical results, we build a simple model that predicts the mean length and mean intrinsic disorder of novel functional proteins from the genomic GC content and a single evolutionary parameter. This work provides a theoretical framework that can guide the prediction and interpretation of results when studying the de novo emergence of protein-coding genes.
WolbachiaAcquisition byDrosophila yakuba-Clade Hosts and Transfer of Incompatibility Loci Between Distantly RelatedWolbachia
Authors: Cooper Brandon S , Vanderpool Dan , Conner William R , Matute Daniel R , Turelli Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMaternally transmitted Wolbachia infect about half of insect species, yet the predominant mode(s) of Wolbachia acquisition remains uncertain. Species-specific associations could be old, with Wolbachia and hosts codiversifying (i.e., cladogenic acquisition), or relatively young and acquired by horizontal transfer or introgression. The three Drosophila yakuba-clade hosts [(D. santomea, D. yakuba) D. teissieri] diverged ∼3 MYA and currently hybridize on the West African islands Bioko and São Tomé. Each species is polymorphic for nearly identical Wolbachia that cause weak cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI)–reduced egg hatch when uninfected females mate with infected males. D. yakuba-clade Wolbachia are closely related to wMel, globally polymorphic in D. melanogaster. We use draft Wolbachia and mitochondrial genomes to demonstrate that D. yakuba-clade phylogenies for Wolbachia and mitochondria tend to follow host nuclear phylogenies. However, roughly half of D. santomea individuals, sampled both inside and outside of the São Tomé hybrid zone, have introgressed D. yakuba mitochondria. Both mitochondria and Wolbachia possess far more recent common ancestors than the bulk of the host nuclear genomes, precluding cladogenic Wolbachia acquisition. General concordance of Wolbachia and mitochondrial phylogenies suggests that horizontal transmission is rare, but varying relative rates of molecular divergence complicate chronogram-based statistical tests. Loci that cause CI in wMel are disrupted in D. yakuba-clade Wolbachia; but a second set of loci predicted to cause CI are located in the same WO prophage region. These alternative CI loci seem to have been acquired horizontally from distantly related Wolbachia, with transfer mediated by flanking Wolbachia-specific ISWpi1 transposons.
The Weighted Residual Method in Solution of More General Nonlinear Integro-Fractional Differential Equation of Volterra Hammerstein Type with Variable Coefficients
Authors: Ahmed Shazad , Ahmed Mariwan 
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we solve numerically Volterra-Hammerstein (V-H) Integro-Differential Equations (IDE’s) of various fractional order in the Caputo sense by the well-known (Collocation, Sub-domain, Least-square, and Galerkin) weighted residual method. This method is utilized to converts the integro-fractional differential equation to a matrix equation which corresponds to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations with unknown polynomial coefficients. A good algorithm for treating numerically our problem by applying the above process has been developed, in order to express these solutions, programs are written in MatLab (V.8). The validity and reliability of this method are tested by several illustrative numerical examples with the known exact solution, the behaviors of the error are examined, and the obtained results reveal that the method is more accurate and efficient.