bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Maieutic Exploration of Nudging Strategies for Regional Climate Applications Using the WRF Model
Authors: Spero Tanya L. , Nolte Christopher G. , Mallard Megan S. , Bowden Jared H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe use of nudging in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to constrain regional climate downscaling simulations is gaining in popularity because it can reduce error and improve consistency with the driving data. While some attention has been paid to whether nudging is beneficial for downscaling, very little research has been performed to determine best practices. In fact, many published papers use the default nudging configuration (which was designed for numerical weather prediction), follow practices used by colleagues, or adapt methods developed for other regional climate models. Here, a suite of 45 three-year simulations is conducted with WRF over the continental United States to systematically and comprehensively examine a variety of nudging strategies. The simulations here use a longer test period than did previously published works to better evaluate the robustness of each strategy through all four seasons, through multiple years, and across nine regions of the United States. The analysis focuses on the evaluation of 2-m temperature and precipitation, which are two of the most commonly required downscaled output fields for air quality, health, and ecosystems applications. Several specific recommendations are provided to effectively use nudging in WRF for regional climate applications. In particular, spectral nudging is preferred over analysis nudging. Spectral nudging performs best in WRF when it is used toward wind above the planetary boundary layer (through the stratosphere) and temperature and moisture only within the free troposphere. Furthermore, the nudging toward moisture is very sensitive to the nudging coefficient, and the default nudging coefficient in WRF is too high to be used effectively for moisture.
Headache, comorbidities and lifestyle in an adolescent population (The TEENs Study)
Authors: Torres-Ferrus Marta , Vila-Sala Carme , Quintana Manuel , Ajanovic Sara , Gallardo Victor José , Gomez Juan Bernardo , Alvarez-Sabin José , Macaya Alfons , Pozo-Rosich Patricia 
Published: May 2018

Objective To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of headache and its relationship with comorbidities and lifestyle in a teenage population. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Data was collected from students aged 12–18 years from six different schools in Catalonia, Spain. They completed an anonymous questionnaire with demographic, lifestyle, medical data, presence of recurrent headaches and its features, and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We defined probable migraine if headache presented ≥ 3 ICHD-3 beta criteria for migraine. An analysis was performed to evaluate headache characteristics and compare lifestyles between those with or without headache. Results 1619 out of 1873 students completed the survey (response rate 86.4%). From these, 30.5% suffered from recurrent headache and 11.3% had migraine features; 32.9% of adolescents with headache had at least one episode per week and 44.1% showed some degree of headache-related disability measured by the PedMIDAS scale. In a univariate analysis, headache was significantly more frequent in girls (35.1% vs. 25.5%, p < 0.001), teenagers with poor sleeping habits (36.6% vs. 27.6%, p < 0.001), lower physical activity ( p = 0.002), those who did not have breakfast (37.3 vs. 28.4%, p = 0.001), smokers (10.5% vs. 4.9%, p < 0.001) and caffeine overusers (30.9% vs. 24.7%, p = 0.009). Comorbidities significantly associated with headache were: allergies (38.8% vs. 29.3%, p = 0.007), other chronic pain disorders (44.7% vs. 27.6% p < 0.001), mental health problems (53.2% vs. 29.0%, p < 0.001) and worse SDQ scores ( p < 0.001). Conclusions Headache is a common health problem among adolescents which impacts their quality of life. Headache is associated with presence of “unhealthy lifestyle” and other medical comorbidities. Educational initiatives should be started.
Joindre l’image à la parole pour comprendre le sens culturel des pratiques : Ce que révèle la photo-élicitation
Authors: Ndione Louis César , Rémy Eric 
Published: May 2018

Résumé Située dans le champ des méthodologies qualitatives, la photo-élicitation (ou photo-interview) permet d’enrichir la compréhension des consommateurs dans le cadre de recherches portant sur le sens socio-culturel des pratiques de consommation. Cet article vise à démontrer l’intérêt de l’usage de la photo-élicitation lorsqu’il s’agit de décrire, questionner, compléter des expériences vécues par les consommateurs. Après avoir développé les principes de la méthode et ses principaux éléments de mise en œuvre, nous reviendrons sur les différents domaines d’applications de la photo-élicitation. A partir du cas de la migration sénégalaise, une illustration des apports méthodologiques et thématiques sera enfin abordée en référence à une recherche concernant les registres socio-culturels et identitaires en jeu dans la consommation lors de phénomènes migratoires.
“Theory Becoming Alive”: The Learning Transition Process of Newly Graduated Nurses in Canada
Authors: Nour Violet , Williams Anne M. 
Published: May 2018

Background Newly graduated nurses often encounter a gap between theory and practice in clinical settings. Although this has been the focus of considerable research, little is known about the learning transition process. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of newly graduated nurses in acute healthcare settings within Canada. This study was conducted to gain a greater understanding of the experiences and challenges faced by graduates. Methods Grounded theory method was utilized with a sample of 14 registered nurses who were employed in acute-care settings. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. Constant comparative analysis was used to analyze data. Results Findings revealed a core category, “Theory Becoming Alive,” and four supporting categories: Entry into Practice, Immersion, Committing, and Evolving. Theory Becoming Alive described the process of new graduate nurses’ clinical learning experiences as well as the challenges that they encountered in clinical settings after graduating. Conclusions This research provides a greater understanding of learning process of new graduate nurses in Canada. It highlights the importance of providing supportive environments to assist new graduate nurses to develop confidence as independent registered nurses in clinical areas. Future research directions as well as supportive educational strategies are described.
Updated meta-review of evidence on support for carers
Authors: Dalton Jane , Thomas Sian , Harden Melissa , Eastwood Alison , Parker Gillian 
Published: May 2018

Objective To update a 2010 meta-review of systematic reviews of effective interventions to support carers of ill, disabled, or older adults. In this article, we report the most promising interventions based on the best available evidence. Methods Rapid meta-review of systematic reviews published from January 2009 to 2016. Results Sixty-one systematic reviews were included (27 high quality, 25 medium quality, and nine low quality). The quality of reviews has improved since the original review, but primary studies remain limited in quality and quantity. Fourteen high quality reviews focused on carers of people with dementia, four on carers of those with cancer, four on carers of people with stroke, three on carers of those at the end of life with various conditions, and two on carers of people with mental health problems. Multicomponent interventions featured prominently, emphasizing psychosocial or psychoeducational content, education and training. Improved outcomes for carers were reported for mental health, burden and stress, and wellbeing or quality of life. Negative effects were reported in reviews of respite care. As with earlier work, we found little robust evidence on the cost-effectiveness of reviewed interventions. Conclusions There is no ‘one size fits all’ intervention to support carers. There is potential for effective support in specific groups of carers, such as shared learning, cognitive reframing, meditation, and computer-delivered psychosocial support for carers of people with dementia. For carers of people with cancer, effective support may include psychosocial interventions, art therapy, and counselling. Carers of people with stroke may also benefit from counselling. More good quality, theory-based, primary research is needed.
Attenuation of TRPV1 by AMG-517 after nerve injury promotes peripheral axonal regeneration in rats
Authors: Bai Juan , Liu Fu , Wu Li-Fei , Wang Ya-Fang , Li Xia-Qing 
Published: May 2018

Aims The main objective was to investigate the effects of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) on nerve regeneration following sciatic transection injury by functional blockage of TRPV1 using AMG-517, a specific blocker of TRPV1. Methods AMG-517 was injected into the area surrounding ipsilateral lumbar dorsal root ganglia 30 min after unilateral sciatic nerve transection. The number of sciatic axons and the expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and glial fibrillary acidic protein was examined using semithin sections, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses. Results Blockage of TRPV1 with AMG-517 markedly promoted axonal regeneration, especially at two weeks after sciatic injury; the number of axons was similar to the uninjured control group. After sciatic nerve transection, expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein was decreased and GAP-43 was increased at the proximal stump. However, the expression of both glial fibrillary acidic protein and GAP-43 increased significantly in AMG-517-treated groups. Conclusions TRPV1 may be an important therapeutic target to promote peripheral nerve regeneration after injury.
Leaving colorectal polyps in place can be achieved with high accuracy using blue light imaging (BLI)
Authors: Neumann Helmut , Neumann sen. Helmut , Vieth Michael , Bisschops Raf , Thieringer Florian , Rahman Khan F. , Gamstätter Thomas , Tontini Gian Eugenio , Galle Peter R. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesA negative predictive value of more than 90% is proposed by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable Endoscopic Innovations (PIVI) statement for a new technology in order to leave distal diminutive colorectal polyps in place without resection. To our knowledge, no prior prospective study has yet evaluated the feasibility of the most recently introduced blue light imaging (BLI) system for real‐time endoscopic prediction of polyp histology for the specific endpoint of leaving hyperplastic polyps in place.AimsProspective assessment of real‐time prediction of colorectal polyps by using BLI.Material and methodsIn total, 177 consecutive patients undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy were included. Colorectal polyps were evaluated in real‐time by using high‐definition endoscopy and the BLI technology without optical magnification. Before resection, the endoscopist described each polyp according to size, shape and surface characteristics (pit and vascular pattern, colour and depression), and histology was predicted with a level of confidence (high or low).ResultsHistology was predicted with high confidence in 92.5% of polyps. Sensitivity of BLI for prediction of adenomatous histology was 92.68%, with a specificity and accuracy of 94.87 and 93.75%, respectively. Following the recommendation of the PIVI statement, positive and negative predictive values were calculated with values of 95 and 92.5%, respectively. Prediction of surveillance based on both US and European guidelines was correctly predicted in 91% of patients.ConclusionThe most recently introduced BLI technology is accurate enough to leave distal colorectal polyps in place without resection. BLI also allowed for assignment of postpolypectomy surveillance intervals. This approach therefore has the potential to reduce costs and risks associated with the redundant removal of diminutive colorectal polyps.
Dietary supplementation of vitamin D prevents the development of western diet‐induced metabolic, hepatic and cardiovascular abnormalities in rats
Authors: Mazzone Giovanna , Morisco Carmine , Lembo Vincenzo , D’Argenio Giuseppe , D’Armiento Maria , Rossi Antonella , Del Giudice Carmine , Trimarco Bruno , Caporaso Nicola , Morisco Filomena 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe western diet high in fat and fructose may cause metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether long‐term daily vitamin D3 supplementation prevents hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular abnormalities and restores insulin sensitivity caused by fat diet in rats without vitamin D deficiency.MethodsThree groups of rats were fed for 6 months with standard diet (SD), western diet (WD) or WD containing 23 IU/day/rat vitamin D3, respectively. Tail‐cuff systolic blood pressure (SBP)measurements in conscious rats and transthoracic echocardiography were performed in basal condition, and after 3 and 6 months of diet. Hepatic steatosis and myocardial fibrosis were assessed in liver and cardiac tissues using standard methods. Serum insulin and 25(OH)D3 concentrations were determined using rat‐specific ELISA kits. Insulin resistance was determined according to the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) method.ResultsSixty‐one per cent of hepatocytes in WD rats had steatotic vacuoles compared with just 27% in rats on a WD plus vitamin D3 (p < 0.05).HOMA‐IR was reduced in rats with vitamin D supplementation compared with WD alone (19.4 ± 5.2 vs 41.9 ± 8.9, p < 0.05). Rat blood pressure and left ventricular mass were both reduced by vitamin D3 supplementation.ConclusionIn animal models of liver and cardiovascular metabolic damage, the supplementation of vitamin D3 shows liver and cardio‐protective effects.
Long-range and short-range cation order in the crystal structures of carlfrancisite and mcgovernite
Authors: Hawthorne Frank C. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe crystal structures of carlfrancisite, ideally Mn32+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42(As3+O3)2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]8(OH)42, hexagonal (rhombohedral),R3̄mwithZ= 6, and unit-cell parameters:a= 8.2238(2),c= 205.113(6) Å andV= 12013.5(4) Å3, from the Kombat mine, Otavi Valley, Namibia, and mcgovernite, ideally Zn3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42(As3+O3)2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]8(OH)42, hexagonal (rhombohedral),R3̄mwithZ= 6, and unit-cell parameters:a= 8.2061(3),c= 204.118(8) Å andV= 11903.8(6) Å3, from Sterling Hill, New Jersey, have been solved by direct methods and refined toR1values of 3.37 and 5.02% for 3837 and 3772 unique observed reflections, respectively; they are isostructural. Chemical analysis by electron microprobe and crystal-structure refinement gave the following compositions: carlfrancisite: As2O512.89, As2O33.33, P2O50.50, V2O50.74, SiO28.96, Al2O30.78, FeO 0.22, MnO 53.25, MgO 9.37, H2O(calc) 8.42, sum 98.50 wt.%; mcgovernite: As2O513.06, As2O33.71, SiO29.34, Al2O30.20, FeO 1.38, MnO 44.58, ZnO 8.81, MgO 8.89, H2O(calc) 8.24, sum 98.21 wt.%. The H2O contents and the valence states of As were determined by crystal-structure analysis.There are 18 crystallographically distinct cation sites in both carlfrancisite and mcgovernite. There are two [4]-coordinatedAssites fully occupied by As5+, and fourTsites occupied by Si and As5+in solid solution. TheAs(3) site has triangular pyramidal coordination with <As(3)–O> distances of 1.808 and 1.817 Å, typical of As3+. TheZ(1) site, occupied by Mn2+in carlfrancisite and Zn in mcgovernite, has tetrahedral coordination, and theZ(2) site is only partly occupied by Mg and Mn2+in both structures. There are nineMsites, all of which are octahedrally coordinated and contain dominantly Mn2+and Mg, with minor Al and Fe. There are three cation sites with significant vacancies:As(3),Z(2),M(3), and there are complicated patterns of short-range order involving the cations and vacancies at these sites.The carlfrancisite–mcgovernite structure contains 84 layers of approximately close-packed polyhedra along one translation onc. The anions in the structure are arranged in approximately close-packed layers orthogonal to thecaxis. Fourteen layers stack along thecaxis in the sequence |**hhchch•hchchh| (* denotes a layer of anions displaced from close packed). There are eight distinct layers of cation-centred polyhedra that repeat via a centre of symmetry at the origin, and via theR-centering to give 84 layers per unit-cell.
Optimising experimental research in respiratory diseases: an ERS statement
Authors: Bonniaud Philippe , Fabre Aurélie , Frossard Nelly , Guignabert Christophe , Inman Mark , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Maes Tania , Shi Wei , Stampfli Martin , Uhlig Stefan , White Eric , Witzenrath Martin , Bellaye Pierre-Simon , Crestani Bruno , Eickelberg Oliver , Fehrenbach Heinz , Guenther Andreas , Jenkins Gisli , Joos Guy , Magnan Antoine , Maitre Bernard , Maus Ulrich A. , Reinhold Petra , Vernooy Juanita H.J. , Richeldi Luca , Kolb Martin 
Published: May 2018

Experimental models are critical for the understanding of lung health and disease and are indispensable for drug development. However, the pathogenetic and clinical relevance of the models is often unclear. Further, the use of animals in biomedical research is controversial from an ethical perspective.The objective of this task force was to issue a statement with research recommendations about lung disease models by facilitating in-depth discussions between respiratory scientists, and to provide an overview of the literature on the available models. Focus was put on their specific benefits and limitations. This will result in more efficient use of resources and greater reduction in the numbers of animals employed, thereby enhancing the ethical standards and translational capacity of experimental research.The task force statement addresses general issues of experimental research (ethics, species, sex, age,ex vivoandin vitromodels, gene editing). The statement also includes research recommendations on modelling asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, lung infections, acute lung injury and pulmonary hypertension.The task force stressed the importance of using multiple models to strengthen validity of results, the need to increase the availability of human tissues and the importance of standard operating procedures and data quality.
Strategies for assembling columns and layers in the Drosophila visual system
Authors: Millard S. Sean , Pecot Matthew Y. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA striking feature of neural circuit structure is the arrangement of neurons into regularly spaced ensembles (i.e. columns) and neural connections into parallel layers. These patterns of organization are thought to underlie precise synaptic connectivity and provide a basis for the parallel processing of information. In this article we discuss in detail specific findings that contribute to a framework for understanding how columns and layers are assembled in the Drosophila visual system, and discuss their broader implications.
Salvaging the Salvage Anthropologists: Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin, Carl Voegelin, and the Future of Ethnohistory
Authors: Warren Stephen , Barnes Ben 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
How should Native and non-Native scholars utilize the work of salvage anthropologists? In this study of Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin, Carl Voegelin, and their research among the Shawnee, Stephen Warren and Ben Barnes suggest that Community-Engaged Scholarship (CES) offers a new path forward in examining the difficult legacy of the Boasians and their successors. Collaborative, team-based research can yield important new discoveries as tribal citizens rediscover and use the work of salvage anthropologists. For tribal communities working to recover dormant languages and cultural practices, CES methodologies offer a means of critical and concordant engagement with anthropological texts.
“I Saw Their Evil Intent”: Positioning the Highland Maya in the Moral Hierarchy of a Just Conquest
Authors: Matsumoto Mallory E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInherent to warfare are armed conflict and an acknowledged enemy against whom one is fighting. Yet relations with that enemy are defined as much in the discourse of war as on the battlefield. Words mobilize both martial and symbolic power by identifying the antagonist and morally justifying one’s own cause at the expense of the opposition. Scholars have long been aware that the Spanish-led conquest of the Americas was a discursive phenomenon as well as a military one. However, the influence of just war philosophy on conquistadors’ representations of their indigenous foes has remained largely unexplored. In repelling the Spanish-led invasion, Highland Maya communities employed various strategies that drew on the cunning and deceit that they so highly valued in their warriors. The Spaniards, however, were highly critical of such conduct, which did not conform to their traditional conceptions of just war. To them, such comportment marked their opponents as insurgents resisting not only their rightful place in the Spanish Empire but also civilization more broadly. In condemning their Highland Maya enemies as an ethical “other,” the conquistadors articulated a just cause for their conquest waged to subdue a rebellious population. By asserting moral superiority in the face of a treacherous and malevolent adversary, they legitimized not only their quest for power in the Americas but also the often excessively violent means that they employed to this end.
Pulse Oximetry and Arterial Oxygen Saturation during Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Authors: ASCHA MONA , BHATTACHARYYA ANIRBAN , RAMOS JOSE A. , TONELLI ADRIANO R. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) is used as surrogate for arterial blood oxygen saturation. We studied the degree of discrepancy between SpO2 and arterial oxygen (SaO2) and identified parameters that may explain this difference.

Methods
We included patients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing at Cleveland Clinic. Pulse oximeters with forehead probes measured SpO2 and arterial blood gas samples provided the SaO2 both at rest and peak exercise.

Results
We included 751 patients, 54 ± 16 yr old with 53% of female gender. Bland–Altman analysis revealed a bias of 3.8% with limits of agreement of 0.3% to 7.9% between SpO2 and SaO2 at rest. A total of 174 (23%) patients had SpO2 ≥ 5% of SaO2, and these individuals were older, current smokers with lower forced expiratory volume in the first second and higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide and carboxyhemoglobin. At peak exercise (n = 631), 75 (12%) SpO2 values were lower than the SaO2 determinations reflecting difficulties in the SpO2 measurement in some patients. The bias between SpO2 and SaO2 was 2.6% with limits of agreement between −2.9% and 8.1%. Values of SpO2 ≥ 5% of SaO2 (n = 78, 12%) were associated with the significant resting variables plus lower heart rate, oxygen consumption, and oxygen pulse. In multivariate analyses, carboxyhemoglobin remained significantly associated with the difference between SpO2 and SaO2 both at rest and peak exercise.

Conclusions
In the present study, pulse oximetry commonly overestimated the SaO2. Increased carboxyhemoglobin levels are independently associated with the difference between SpO2 and SaO2, a finding particularly relevant in smokers.