bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessment of a novel, pharmaceutical lipid–aspirin complex: results of a randomized, crossover, bioequivalence study
Authors: Angiolillo Dominick J. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Lanza Frank , Cryer Byron , Dong Jin-fei , Jeske Walter , Zimmerman Ronald R. , von Chong Estela , Prats Jayne , Deliargyris Efthymios N. , Marathi Upendra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) can lead to gastrointestinal mucosal injury through disruption of its protective phospholipid bilayer. A liquid formulation of a novel pharmaceutical lipid–aspirin complex (PL-ASA) was designed to prevent this disruption. We sought to determine the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of PL-ASA compared with immediate release aspirin (IR-ASA). In this active-control crossover study, 32 healthy volunteers were randomized to receive 1 of 2 dose levels (a single dose of 325 mg or 650 mg) of either PL-ASA or IR-ASA. After a 2-week washout period between treatment assignments, subjects received a single dose of the alternative treatment, at the same dose level. The primary objectives of the study were to assess, for PL-ASA and IR-ASA at 325 mg and 650 mg dose levels, PK and PD bioequivalence, and safety, over a 24–h period after administration of both drugs. PK parameters were similar for PL-ASA and IR-ASA, and met FDA-criteria for bioequivalence. Regarding PD, both drugs also showed Cmin TxB2 values below 3.1 ng/mL (cut-off associated with decreased cardiovascular events) and > 99% inhibition of serum TxB2 ( ≥ 95% inhibition represents the cut-off for aspirin responders) along with similar results in several secondary PK/PD parameters. There were no serious adverse events or changes from baseline in vital signs or laboratory values in either of the 2 treatment groups. PL-ASA’s novel liquid formulation has similar PK and PD performance compared with IR-ASA, supporting functional and clinical equivalence. These data coupled with the improved gastric safety of PL-ASA suggest that this novel formulation may exhibit an improved benefit-risk profile, warranting evaluation in future trials.Clinical trial registration:http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT04008979
Why Is Treatment Urgency Often Overestimated? An Experimental Study on the Phenomenon of Over-triage
Authors: Ellebrecht Nils 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn the 19th century, triage emerged as an administrative concept to overcome the unjust and medically unreasonable consequences of an unsystematic adhoc selection of casualties. Until today, however, triage concepts are often applied incorrectly. High over-triage rates are a well-known phenomenon, which increase mortality rates. In order to examine their frequent occurrences, the article discusses different reasons and presents results of an experimental study. Two triage exercises were conducted: a paper-based triage exercise and a real-world simulation. Both exercises used the same case-vignettes consisting of 5 pairs. Each pair described a patient with the same injury pattern and vital parameters but with differing behaviour (calm/highly excited). Different behavior has a minor but no significant effect on over-triage rates. Over-triage is significantly higher in the real-world simulation than in the paper exercise. This is explained by the characteristics of face-to-face situations themselves: they are more complex and ambiguous, and hold more normative power. Accordingly, over-triage is understood as a means to resolve unclear situations (“better to over- than to under-triage”) and to comply with normative demands “within” the strict margins of an administrative concept.
GREENBURST: A commensal Fast Radio Burst search back-end for the Green Bank Telescope
Authors: Surnis Mayuresh P. , Agarwal D. , Lorimer D. R. , Pei X. , Foster G. , Karastergiou A. , Golpayegani G. , Maddalena R. J. , White S. , Armour W. , Cobb J. , McLaughlin M. A. , MacMahon D. H. E. , Siemion A. P. V. , Werthimer D. , Williams C. J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We describe the design and deployment of GREENBURST, a commensal Fast Radio Burst (FRB) search system at the Green Bank Telescope. GREENBURST uses the dedicated L-band receiver tap to search over the 960–1 920 MHz frequency range for pulses with dispersion measures out to

$10^4\ \rm{pc\,cm}^{-3}$

. Due to its unique design, GREENBURST is capable of conducting searches for FRBs when the L-band receiver is not being used for scheduled observing. This makes it a sensitive single pixel detector capable of reaching deeper in the radio sky. While single pulses from Galactic pulsars and rotating radio transients will be detectable in our observations, and will form part of the database we archive, the primary goal is to detect and study FRBs. Based on recent determinations of the all-sky rate, we predict that the system will detect approximately one FRB for every 2–3 months of continuous operation. The high sensitivity of GREENBURST means that it will also be able to probe the slope of the FRB fluence distribution, which is currently uncertain in this observing band.
Reproductive state and choline intake influence enrichment of plasma lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: a post hoc analysis of a controlled feeding trial
Authors: Klatt Kevin C. , McDougall Melissa Q. , Malysheva Olga V. , Brenna J. Thomas , Roberson Mark S. , Caudill Marie A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe major facilitator superfamily domain 2a protein was identified recently as a lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) symporter with high affinity for LPC species enriched with DHA (LPC-DHA). To test the hypothesis that reproductive state and choline intake influence plasma LPC-DHA, we performed a post hoc analysis of samples available through 10 weeks of a previously conducted feeding study, which provided two doses of choline (480 and 930 mg/d) to non-pregnant (n 21), third-trimester pregnant (n 26), and lactating (n 24) women; all participants consumed 200 mg of supplemental DHA and 22 % of their daily choline intake as 2H-labelled choline. The effects of reproductive state and choline intake on total LPC-DHA (expressed as a percentage of LPC) and plasma enrichments of labelled LPC and LPC-DHA were assessed using mixed and generalised linear models. Reproductive state interacted with time (P = 0·001) to influence total LPC-DHA, which significantly increased by week 10 in non-pregnant women, but not in pregnant or lactating women. Contrary to total LPC-DHA, patterns of labelled LPC-DHA enrichments were discordant between pregnant and lactating women (P < 0·05), suggestive of unique, reproductive state-specific mechanisms that result in reduced production and/or enhanced clearance of LPC-DHA during pregnancy and lactation. Regardless of the reproductive state, women consuming 930 v. 480 mg choline per d exhibited no change in total LPC-DHA but higher d3-LPC-DHA (P = 0·02), indicating that higher choline intakes favour the production of LPC-DHA from the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Our results warrant further investigation into the effect of reproductive state and dietary choline on LPC-DHA dynamics and its contribution to DHA status.
On the Rich Agreement Hypothesis and varieties of embedded V2
Authors: Gärtner Hans-Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the controversy between Koeneman &amp; Zeijlstra (K&amp;Z) (2014) and Heycock &amp; Sundquist (2017) concerning the viability of K&amp;Z’s strong version of theRich Agreement Hypothesisin the light of apparent counterexamples from the diachrony of Danish. It makes the general point that establishing whether or not cases of putative V-to-I movement in subordinate clauses can be reanalyzed as V-to-C, i.e. asembedded Verb Second(EV2), depends on theEV2-typeof a language. The empirical discussion concerns appositive relatives and conditional protases, with V-to-C in the former being in principle compatible with ‘narrow’nEV2 as displayed by Modern Mainland Scandinavian languages, and V-to-C in the latter with Old Norse-style ‘broad’bEV2. It is concluded that the critical stages of Danish need to be scrutinized more closely before the above dispute can be settled.
Is low birth weight an additional risk factor for hypertension in paediatric patients after kidney transplantation?
Authors: Santos Larissa Badim , Borges Luana Meireles , Souza Livia Victorino , Felipe Claudia Rosso , Medina-Pestana José Osmar , Franco Maria do Carmo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHypertension (HTN) remains a common complication after kidney transplantation among paediatric patients. Although low birth weight (LBW) has been implicated as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, its effect on transplantation patients has not yet been addressed. It is essential to determine whether children with LBW who undergo transplantation are more likely to develop post-transplantation HTN. For this study, the medical records of 96 kidney recipients were retrospectively examined. A total of 83 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall, post-transplantation HTN was observed in 54% of the recipients. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that time from transplantation >14 months (odds ratio (OR) 3.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–10.06; P = 0.013), current CKD (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.01–7.20; P = 0.045), presence of LBW (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.04–12.32; P = 0.044) and current overweight/obesity (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.02–13.91; P = 0.047) were associated with post-transplantation HTN. In conclusion, our data provide evidence for the first time that LBW is a significant predictive factor in the development of post-transplantation HTN. This finding has important clinical implications as it serves to alert clinicians about this additional risk factor in paediatric patients undergoing kidney transplant.
Ripple Effects: Bed Form Morphodynamics Cascading Into Hyporheic Zone Biogeochemistry
Authors: Zheng Lizhi , Cardenas M. Bayani , Wang Lichun , Mohrig David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe water quality and ecosystem health of river corridors depend on the biogeochemical processes occurring in the hyporheic zones (HZs) of the beds and banks of rivers. HZs in riverbeds often form because of bed forms. Despite widespread and persistent variation in river flow, how the discharge‐ and grain size‐dependent geometry of bed forms and how bed form migration collectively and systematically affects hyporheic exchange flux, solute transport, and biogeochemical reaction rates are unknown. We investigated these linked processes through morphodynamically consistent multiphysics numerical simulation experiments. Several realistic ripple geometries based on bed form stability criteria using mean river flow velocity and median sediment grain size were designed. Ripple migration rates were estimated based primarily on the river velocity. The ripple geometries and migration rates were used to drive hyporheic flow and reactive transport models which quantified HZ nitrogen transformation. Results from fixed bed form simulations were compared with matching migrating bed form scenarios. We found that the turnover exchange due to ripple migration has a large impact on reactant supply and reaction rates. The nitrate removal efficiency increased asymptotically with Damköhler number for both mobile and immobile ripples, but the immobile ripple always had a higher nitrate removal efficiency. Since moving ripples remove less nitrogen, and may even be net nitrifying at times, consideration for bed form morphodynamics may therefore lead to reduction of model‐based estimates of denitrification. The connection between nitrate removal efficiency and Damköhler number can be integrated into frameworks for quantifying transient, network‐scale, HZ nitrate dynamics.
Tracking the Geochemical Transition Between the Kea‐Dominated Northwest Hawaiian Ridge and the Bilateral Loa‐Kea Trends of the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Williamson Nicole M. B. , Weis Dominique , Scoates James S. , Pelletier Holly , Garcia Michael O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor ~82 million years, the Hawaiian‐Emperor chain volcanoes have sampled the Pacific mantle via the Hawaiian mantle plume, providing evidence that its composition varies on a range of temporal and spatial scales. Hawaiian volcanoes from 2 to 0 Ma are divided into southwestern (Loa) and northeastern (Kea) geographic and geochemical trends that are interpreted to reflect the bilateral chemical structure of the underlying plume and its corresponding deep mantle sources. Hawaiian volcanoes that formed between 8 and 3 Ma record a geochemical transition between the Kea‐dominated Northwest Hawaiian Ridge (49 to 8 Ma) and the bilateral trends of the younger Hawaiian Islands. High‐precision Pb isotopic analyses conducted on 55 new shield‐stage samples from two of these key volcanoes, Kaua‘i and Wai‘anae, show that Loa‐like Pb isotopic ratios (e.g., elevated 208Pb*/206Pb*) gradually increase with decreasing age among the northern Hawaiian volcanoes and dominate for over 2 million years prior to the onset of the bilateral Loa and Kea geochemical trends. Distinct isotopic groups are observed across Kaua‘i and the distribution of Loa and Kea isotopic compositions is rotated relative to that observed on the younger Hawaiian Islands. Protracted Loa compositions and the atypical Loa‐Kea trend on Kaua‘i are accounted for by (1) the arrival of a voluminous, Loa mantle heterogeneity possibly associated with anchoring of the Hawaiian plume to the Pacific Large Low Shear Velocity Province and (2) a different orientation of the Pacific plate relative to the Loa‐Kea compositional boundary prior to 2 Ma.
Initiation and Runout of Post‐Seismic Debris Flows: Insights From the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake
Authors: Dahlquist Maxwell P. , West A. Joshua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPost‐seismic debris flows are an important hazard following large earthquakes, propagating destruction downstream from hillslopes where coseismic landslides occur and extending damage for years after shaking stops. Data sets of post‐seismic debris flows are necessary to predict initiation and runout characteristics but are presently scarce. We used satellite imagery supplemented by field observations to compile an inventory of >1,000 debris flows associated with the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal. We identified two distinct debris flow types: (1) Material from a coseismic landslide was remobilized in a steep channel during a later monsoon; and (2) a new post‐seismic hillslope failure occurred in saturated conditions and became fluidized and channelized. Runout distance was constrained by channel confluences and may be related to confluence geometry. Unstable landslide debris was largely flushed from steep channels during the first monsoon following the earthquake, and the rate of new hillslope failures tailed off over a few years.
Influence of Sea Ice‐Derived Halogens on Atmospheric HOx as Observed in Springtime Coastal Antarctica
Authors: Brough Neil , Jones Anna E. , Griffiths Paul T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present first observations of OH and (HO2 + RO2) carried out in Antarctica outside the summer season. Measurements were made over 23 days in spring at the coastal Antarctic station Halley. Increases in concentrations were evident during the measurement period due to rapidly increasing solar irradiance, and clear diurnal cycles were present throughout. There were also notable differences in air mass composition depending on wind direction. Air masses that had traversed the sea ice zone had both higher concentrations of OH and a larger OH:(HO2 + RO2) ratio. We use steady state kinetic arguments and a 0‐D box model to probe the chemical drivers. We find that differences in bromine chemistry, previously measured at Halley, are sufficient to account for the observed differences in OH concentration as well as the ratio. There is some evidence also that chlorine chemistry is influencing concentrations of RO2.
Tropical Sand Cays as Natural Paleocyclone Archives
Authors: Chen Tianran , Roff George , Feng Yuexing , Zhao Jianxin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSand cays are valuable paleo‐archives that can significantly increase our understanding of Holocene tropical cyclone variability. Here we conducted detailed sedimentological and chronological analyses from a 195‐cm‐depth pit excavated on Guangjin Island (northern South China Sea), a cay influenced by frequent tropical cyclones. Radiometric dating of multiple deposits revealed that foraminifera, soft coral spicules, and gastropod shells yielded variable age distributions, while U/Th ages of pristine Acropora branches provided a clear record of deposition and cay formation. Based on this robust chronostratigraphy, the proportions of >2‐mm grain size fraction within the deposits corresponded with the frequency of paleotyphoons recorded by historical records in recent centuries. U/Th ages (CE 1687 ± 12, CE 1735 ± 6, and CE 1813 ± 5) of Acropora branches from the deposits matched with three known historical typhoon events. Our results highlight the potential of cyclone‐deposited sand cays as new archives for recording paleocyclones.
Distribution of Concentration and Stable Isotopic Composition of N2O in the Shelf and Slope of the Northern South China Sea: Implications for Production and Emission
Authors: Zhang Gui‐Ling , Liu Su‐Mei , Casciotti Karen L. , Forbes Matthew S. , Gu Xue‐Ji , Ren Yan‐Yan , Zheng Wen‐Jing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOceans are an important natural source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The isotopomer signature of N2O provides a useful tool to differentiate the production processes of N2O in the oceans. Here we present the distribution of the concentration and stable isotopic composition of dissolved N2O in the water column of the shelf and slope region of the northern South China Sea (SCS) in June 2015. Dissolved N2O concentrations in surface waters ranged from 6.9 to 9.1 nM with an average of 7.7 ± 0.6 nM (136 ± 10% saturation). Higher N2O was found at the region influenced by coastal water entrained by eddies. Vertical profiles of dissolved N2O showed a general increase with depth below the mixed layer and reached a broad peak (23–29 nM) at around 700 m coinciding with the nitrate maximum and oxygen minimum. The SP values measured for N2O ranged between 10.2‰ and 18.8‰, suggesting that dissolved N2O in the water column had been produced from both nitrification (ammonium oxidation) and nitrifier denitrification (nitrite reduction). Nitrification dominated in the intermediate water (120–1,000 m) while nitrifier denitrification dominated in the euphotic zone. The sea‐to‐air fluxes of N2O were estimated to be 7.0 ± 6.1 and 6.9 ± 6.5 μmol m−2 day−1 using two different gas transfer relationships. N2O emissions from the shelf and slope regions of the northern SCS were estimated to be 0.25 Tg N2O year−1, suggesting that coastal areas like the SCS are net sources of N2O to the atmosphere.
Development of a Reactive Transport Model for Field‐Scale Simulation of Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation
Authors: Minto James M. , Lunn Rebecca J. , El Mountassir Gráinne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicrobially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a promising technique that could be used for soil stabilization, for permeability control in porous and fractured media, for sealing leaky hydrocarbon wells, and for immobilizing contaminants. Many further field trials are required before optimum treatment strategies can be established. These field trials will be costly and time consuming to \carry out and are currently a barrier to transitioning MICP from a lab‐scale process to a practical field‐scale deployable technology. To narrow down the range of potential treatment options into a manageable number, we present a field‐scale reactive transport model of MICP that captures the key processes of bacteria transport and attachment, urea hydrolysis, tractable CaCO3 precipitation, and modification to the porous media in terms of porosity and permeability. The model, named biogroutFoam, is implemented in OpenFOAM, and results are presented for MICP treatment in a planar fracture, three‐dimensional sand media at pore scale, and at continuum scale for an array of nine injection/abstraction wells. Results indicate that it is necessary to model bacterial attachment, that bacterial attachment should be a function of fluid velocity, and that phased injection strategies may lead to the most uniform precipitation in a porous media.
Microdiversity ensures the maintenance of functional microbial communities under changing environmental conditions
Authors: García-García Natalia , Tamames Javier , Linz Alexandra M , Pedrós-Alió Carlos , Puente-Sánchez Fernando 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Microdiversity can lead to different ecotypes within the same species. These are assumed to provide stability in time and space to those species. However, the role of microdiversity in the stability of whole microbial communities remains underexplored. Understanding the drivers of microbial community stability is necessary to predict community response to future disturbances. Here, we analyzed 16S rRNA gene amplicons from eight different temperate bog lakes at the 97% OTU and amplicon sequence variant (ASV) levels and found ecotypes within the same OTU with different distribution patterns in space and time. We observed that these ecotypes are adapted to different values of environmental factors such as water temperature and oxygen concentration. Our results showed that the existence of several ASVs within a OTU favored its persistence across changing environmental conditions. We propose that microdiversity aids the stability of microbial communities in the face of fluctuations in environmental factors.
Interplay between c-Src and the APC/C co-activator Cdh1 regulates mammary tumorigenesis
Authors: Han Tao , Jiang Shulong , Zheng Hong , Yin Qing , Xie Mengyu , Little Margaret R , Yin Xiu , Chen Ming , Song Su Jung , Beg Amer A. , Pandolfi Pier Paolo , Wan Lixin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) coactivator Cdh1 drives proper cell cycle progression and is implicated in the suppression of tumorigenesis. However, it remains elusive how Cdh1 restrains cancer progression and how tumor cells escape the inhibition of Cdh1. Here we report that Cdh1 suppresses the kinase activity of c-Src in an APC-independent manner. Depleting Cdh1 accelerates breast cancer cell proliferation and cooperates with PTEN loss to promote breast tumor progression in mice. Hyperactive c-Src, on the other hand, reciprocally inhibits the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of APCCdh1 through direct phosphorylation of Cdh1 at its N-terminus, which disrupts the interaction between Cdh1 and the APC core complex. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of c-Src restores APCCdh1 tumor suppressor function to repress a panel of APCCdh1 oncogenic substrates. Our findings reveal a reciprocal feedback circuit of Cdh1 and c-Src in the crosstalk between the cell cycle machinery and the c-Src signaling pathway.