bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ibnu Qayyim al-Jawziyyah tentang Pengaruh Perubahan Sosial
Authors: Basri Rusdaya 
Published: May 2018

Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyah adalah seorang ulama yang sangat gigih memerangi taklid buta dan menyerukan kebebasan berfikir, namun tetap berpegang teguh pada pokok-pokok ajaran Islam dan aqidah para salaf. Dalam pandangan Ibnu Qayyim, ijtihad harus berkembang sesuai dengan perkembangan situasi dan kondisi di berbagai tempat dan zaman. Karena itu ia mengemukakan sebuah kaidah: Fi taghayyir al-fatawa wa ikhtilafiha bi hasbi taghayyir al-azminah wa al-amkinah wa al-ahwal wa al-niyat wa al-â€˜awaâ€™id. Menurutnya, faktor penting untuk merumuskan ketentuan hukum, atau penetapan hukum harus dikaitkan dengan lima hal yaknial-azminah (situasi zaman), al-amkinah (situasi tempat), al-ahwal (keadaan), al-niyat (sebab niat-keinginan), dan al-awaâ€™id (adat-tradisi). Semua ini, mempengaruhi perkembangan hukum, sehingga hukum Islam benar-benar dapat dihayati sebagai hukum yangrahmatan lil â€˜alamin, dapat menjawab tantangan perubahan dinamika sosial masyarakat. Dengan demikian hukum Islam tetapcocok untuk segala zaman dan tempat (salih likulli zaman wa makan).
Lima Prinsip Istinbat Kontemporer sebagai Konklusi Pembaharuan dalam Teori Penetapan Hukum Islam
Authors: Arfan Abbas 
Published: May 2018

Hukum Islam yang dalam penetapannya tidak dapat terlepas dari dalil-dalil al-Qurâ€™an dan Sunnah yang bersifat terbatas, sedangkan kehidupan masyarakat terus berkembang dan dinamis. Oleh karena itu, pembaharuan dalam teori penetapan hukum Islam melalui pintu ijtihad dipandang menjadi penting untuk memecahkan berbagai problem mayarakat. Sejak abad I sampai VII H perkembangan metodologis ilmu usul fikih telah melahirkan lima aliran, yaitu: al-Syafiâ€™iyyah, al-Hanafiyyah, al-Jamâ€™i (gabungan antara keduanya), Takhrij al-Furuâ€™ â€˜ala al-Usul dan al-Syatibiyyah (al-Maqasidiyyah). Diilhami oleh metode Syatibi inilah geliat pembaharuan metode istinbat dalam ilmu usul fikih mulai berkembang, sehingga muncul beberapa pemikir muslim kontemporer seperti Fazlur Rahman, Mohammed Arkoun, Hasan Hanafi, Muhammad Syahrur, â€˜Abdullah Ahmad al-Naâ€™im, Riffat Hassan, dan lain-lain. Mereka semua menyorot secara tajam paradigma keilmuan Islamic studies, khususnya paradigma keilmuan usul fikih dan merekapun menyerukan pembaharuan (reformasi) dalam teori penetapan hukum Islam. Ada titik temu dari beberapa ide-ide pembaharuan dalam teori penetapan hukum Islam, yaitu lima prinsip istinbat sebagai berikut: Fiqh al-Maqasid atau al-Maslahah (prinsip maslahat); Fiqh al-Taghayyur atau al-Tajdid (prinsip pembaharuan); Fiqh al-Taysir (prinsip kemudahan); Fiqh al-Awlawiyyat (prinsip prioritas), dan Fiqh al-Waqiâ€˜ (prinsip realitas).
Cough Reflex Sensitivity Testing in Asthmatic Patients and Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Neuschlová Martina , Pecova R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Asthma and allergic diseases are complex conditions caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Cough is a major symptom in some people with asthma. Cough reflex sensitivity (CRS) test with capsaicin is one of the most important method for cough studying. Cough reflex sensitivity was defined as the lowest concentration of capsaicin that elicited 2 or more (C2) and 5 or more coughs (C5). The aim of this study was to find out a cough reflex sensitivity in patients with asthma bronchiale and in healthy volunteers. In the present study we conclude that cough reflex sensitivity was significantly increased in asthmatic adult patients compared with healthy adult volunteers.
Fault Tree Analysis Optimized by Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Libošvárová Adriana , Schreiber Peter 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper deals with possibilities of using genetic algorithms in design of costs optimization, which are needed to reach given reliability of technical system, respectively system reliability optimization by given amount of investment costs. In following chapters, there is a described design of new method, which will be later implemented in application and verified on an example.
Causal relationships between system failures and elements faults can be detected by analytic approach, when at first the undesired system fault is identified and its reasons are progressively detected. The reliability of system and its elements is analyzed using method FTA (fault tree analysis) and system is represented by fault trees. In order to optimize costs, respectively reliability, the genetic algorithms are used.
Risk Management and the European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR)
Authors: Stiller Diana , Dammert Christian , Joehnk Peter 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) is a new act to controle the trade with OTC derivatives as a result of the financial crisis in 2007. The articel describes the main categories of these regulation and clarifies the question, whether these regulation is relevant for industrial companies or not.
Cryogenic Rotary Ultrasonic Machining of Titanium Alloys
Authors: Kuruc Marcel , Sahúl Martin , Zvončan Marek , Peterka Jozef , Čaplovič Ľubomír 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Titanium alloys are utilized especially in applications that require a good combination of high strength, low mass and good corrosion resistance in aggressive environments. However, mechanical properties prejudge titanium alloys to hard machinability. Machining of titanium alloys is usually accompanied by cooling with liquids or gasses. One of the most effective cooling approaches is cooling by liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen decreases temperature of tool, but also increases strength, hardness and brittleness of workpiece. One of the most suitable machining methods to machine hard and brittle materials is ultrasonic machining. In this article, rotary ultrasonic machining of titanium alloys under cryogenic conditions is analyzed.
Development of Surface Roughness in Hard Turning of 100Cr6 Using Mixed Ceramic Cutting Tool with Wiper Geometry and Conventional Geometry
Authors: Samardžiová Michaela , Neslušan Miroslav 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Hard turning has been applied in machining since the early 1980s. There is an effort to substitute finish grinding by hard machining, because of machining by cutting tool with defined geometry. For machining of hardened steels (up to 45 HRC) are used two different cutting materials. PCBN are used the most for discontinuous machining of hardened steel (up to 63 HRC) and mixed ceramic tools, which are used in the experiment. This paper reports a development of surface roughness parameters when using wiper tool geometry of mixed ceramic tool and conventional geometry of mixed ceramic tool in hard turning. Roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rsk, Rku, RSm, Rdq) are measured when changing the feed, depth of cut and cutting speed are constant.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Kulit Batang Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.)
Authors: Siara Fathiah Olpah , Ibrahim Arsyik , Arifian Hanggara , Rusli Rolan 
Published: May 2018

Seduhan kulit batang Tumbuhan Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) sering digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Hasil Skrining fitokimia ekstrak dan fraksi kulit batang kersen menunjukkan Adanya kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin dan terpenoid. Nilai IC50 ekstrak dan fraksi kulit batang kersen dengan menggunakan metode DPPH untuk ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksana, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi tidak larut dari kulit batang Tumbuhan Kersen berturut-turut adalah sebesar 19,63 ppm, 34,38 ppm, 10,65 ppm, dan 18,70 ppm, sedangkan IC50 kontrol positif (vitamin C) adalah 14,77 ppm. Ekstrak kulit batang kersen berpotensi sebagai antioksidan.
Analisis Kepuasan Pasien Terhadap Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Puskesmas Sempaja Samarinda
Authors: Khabbah Mi’atu , Ayu Welinda Dyah , Annisa Nurul , Rusli Rolan 
Published: May 2018

Kepuasan pasien terhadap standar pelayanan kefarmasian di puskesmas dapat diukur dengan membandingkan antara harapan pasien terhadap kualitas pelayanan kefarmasian yang diinginkan dengan kenyataan yang diterimanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepuasan pasien dan pelaksanaan standar minimal pelayanan kefarmasian di Puskesmas. Penelitian observasi deskriptif dilakukan terhadap 270 responden menggunakan metode incidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuisioner kepuasan pasien dan standar pelayanan minimal di Puskesmas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 81,75% responden puas terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan puskesmas. Standar pelayanan waktu tunggu resep di bagian farmasi Puskesmas dapat dikatakan baik dan hampir memenuhi standar pelayanan kefarmasian di Puskesmas.
Solução ortodontica para tracionamento de segundos molares permanentes não irrompidos
Authors: Vargas Jr Carlos Sanches , Morales José Antonio de Carvalho , Queiroz Thalitta Pereira , Pizzol Karina Eiras Dela Coleta 
Published: May 2018

A irrupção dentária é um processo fisiológico, em que há a formação dos dentes decíduos e permanents dentro da estrutura óssea dos maxilares, que se irrompem emu ma sequência e espaço de tempo estabelecidos pela natureza, para exercer as respectivas funções do sistema estomatognático. A retenção prolongada de dentes permanentes é uma alteração frequente na clínica ortodôntica, exigindo em alguns casos, intervenção cirúrgica para o tracionamento dentário. O artigo descreve o caso clinico de uma paciente do gênero feminino, 15 anos, com oclusão normal, mas com os dentes 17 e 27 inclusos no tecido ósseo. Embora os mesmos apresentassem posição axial favorável, não irromperam espontaneamente, necessitando de intervenção ortodôntico-cirúrgica. Como forma de tratamento, realizou-se um retalho cirúrgico, ostectomia e colagem de botão ortodôntico com a finalidade de realizar o tracionamento dos mesmos, utilizando-se para tal um botão/barra palatina personalizada, desenvolvido especificamente para esse fim. Ao final de 11 meses de tratamento, os dentes entraram em oclusão com seus respectivos antagonistas, sem que houvesse a necessidade da realização de um tratamento ortodôntico corretivo convencional. Considera-se que aparelho personalizado desenvolvido pelos autores mostrou-se efetivo, uma vez que possibilitou o tracionamento dos dentes inclusos de forma simples, em um curto período de tempo.
A prática da ortodontia na rede pública de saúde - uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Barbosa Vanessa Leal Tavares , Pierini Alexandre José , Gallo Zildo 
Published: May 2018

Nos últimos anos, as pesquisas epidemiológicas em saúde bucal, vem demonstrando a diminuição da prevalência de cáries e das doenças periodontais e o crescente número de problemas de má oclusão dentária. Estes resultados exibem uma transformação epidemiológica da saúde bucal e por isso torna-se necessária uma maior atenção em relação aos problemas de oclusão, a fim de viabilizar a incorporação de procedimentos ortodônticos pelo setor público de saúde. Este artigo faz uma revisão da literatura sobre histórico da saúde bucal no Brasil desde a implantação do SUS, a epidemiologia das más oclusões e como está a oferta de tratamentos ortodônticos na rede pública, utilizando –se os descritores: “oclusão dentária e qualidade de vida”, “oclusão dentária e saúde publica”, “ má oclusão e saúde publica”, “malocusão e saúde pública”, “ saúde bucal”, “ acesso `a ortodontia”, “ políticas públicas em ortodontia”, “ortodontia preventiva”, buscando nas plataformas Science Direct e do Scielo ,artigos e teses, entre os anos de 2000 e 2017 nos idiomas, português e inglês. O objetivo principal desta revisão da literatura é argumentar e justificar a importância do diagnóstico das más oclusões para a prevenção de problemas ortodônticos, além de contextualizar a necessidade da ampliação e/ou implementação do atendimento em Ortodontia nos serviços públicos de saúde, uma vez que as más oclusões e suas consequências, já se configuram como problemas de saúde pública.
Exploring Psychological Career Mechanisms for Enhancing Employeesâ€™ Self-Efficacious Career Adaptability
Authors: Coetzee Melinde 
Published: May 2018

The study extends contemporary research on adaptive career behaviour by exploring the link between three under-researched psychological career-related attributes (career values, career enablers and career harmonisers) that may potentially serve as mechanisms for enhancing individualsâ€™ self-efficacious career adaptability (career confidence). Participants (NÂ =Â 248) were early and middle career stage individuals employed in an organisation situated in Gauteng, South Africa. Analyses included regression-based moderated-mediation procedures to assess conditional direct and indirect effects of the psychological career constructs. The results indicated that although the career harmonisers did not have a significant mediating effect, the conditional indirect effect of career enablers on career confidence through career harmonisers increased when the score on career values was high. Employeesâ€™ career confidence may potentially be enhanced by means of well-developed career enabling skills and positive psychosocial career attributes on the condition that they have strong (well-crystallised) career values.
Challenges of the Use of Atomistic Simulations to Predict Solubilities of Drug-like Molecules
Authors: Duarte Ramos Matos Guilherme , Mobley David 
Published: May 2018

Background.Solubility is a physical property of extreme importance to the Pharmaceutical industry whose prediction for potential drugs has so far been a hard task.We attempted to predict the solubility of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) by estimating absolute chemical potentials of its most stable polymorph and of solutions with different concentrations of the drug molecule.Methods.Chemical potentials were estimated from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We used the Einstein Molecule Method to predict the absolute chemical potential of the solid and solvation free energy calculations to predict the excess chemical potentials of the liquid phase systems.Results.Reliable estimations of the chemical potentials for the solid and for a single ASA molecule using the Einstein Molecule Method required an extremely large number of intermediate states for the free energy calculations, meaning that the calculations were extremely demanding computationally.Despite the computational cost, however, the computed value did not agree well with experiment, potentially due to limitations with the underlying energy model.Perhaps better values could be obtained with a better energy model; however, it seems likely computational cost may remain a limiting factor for use of this particular approach to solubility estimation. Conclusions.Solubility prediction of drug-like solids still is a challenge on the computational side, and it appears that both the underlying energy model and the computational approach applied may need improvement before the approach is suitable for routine use.
ІНТЕНСИФІКАЦІЯ МЕХАНІЧНОГО ОБРОБЛЕННЯ ТЕКСТИЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ У БАРАБАННИХ ПРАЛЬНИХ МАШИНАХ
Authors: Воляник О. , Петко І. 
Published: May 2018

To study the process of mechanical influence on textile materials and to substantiate the possibility of its intensification in a household washing machine. The methods of interaction of bodies in a rotating mechanism of a drum of a washing machine with simultaneous action of chemical, thermal and mechanical factors are considered. The physical processes of the intensification of the washing solution and the influence of the design parameters of the drum on the quality of material unpinning are analyzed. It is shown that the intensification of processes in the drum of a washing machine depends on the geometric shape of the crest and should be taken into account when calculating the washing units, in particular, to improve energy efficiency. The resulting dependencies can be used in the design of modern washing machines.
ВПЛИВ ПОВЕРХНЕВО-АКТИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН НА ПОВЕРХНЕВИЙ НАТЯГ РОЗЧИНІВ ДЛЯ ПРОМИВАННЯ БАВОВНЯНОГО ТРИКОТАЖУ
Authors: Семешко О. Я. , Скалозубова Н. С. , Асаулюк Т. С. , Сарібєкова Ю. Г. , Мясников С. А. 
Published: May 2018

Analysis of the mechanism of action of surfactants in the conditions of washing cotton knitted fabrics, the establishment of surfactants for functional purposes, which should be part of the composition, and the study of changes in the surface tension of solutions of surfactants of various classes designed to create a composition for the preparation of cotton knitted fabrics. Determination of the surface tension of solutions of surfactants of different concentrations was carried out by the method of detachment of the ring, using the Du-Nui method. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the mechanism of action of surfactants in the conditions of washing cotton knitted fabrics, it is established what properties the constituents of the composition should possess and the surfactants that contribute to the maximum reduction in the surface tension of their solutions are determined. Scientifically substantiated the principles of creating surfactants compositions for the scouring of cotton knitted fabric on the basis of an analysis of the mechanism of their action and found that the wetting and washing abilities of surfactants are the determinants; the isothermal dependences of the surface tension of solutions of surfactants of various classes are first obtained. Surface-active substances and their concentrations are established, which ensure low surface tension of solutions.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ РОЗМІРНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК НЕДЕРЕВНИХ ВОЛОКОН РІЗНОЇ ПРИРОДИ
Authors: Будаш Ю. О. , Кучеренко Є. В. , Плаван В. П. , Фещенко Я. В. , Верейко О. І. 
Published: May 2018

Comparison of dimensional characteristics of various non-wood fibers (flax, hemp, bamboo, cotton), which can be used as an additional component in the production of non-woven composite materials from synthetic fibrous waste. The structure of the fibers was studied by optical polarization microscopy. The dimensional characteristics of the fibers were determined by the method of analyzing digital images, followed by statistical processing and graphical analysis of the obtained data. A quantitative comparative analysis of the transverse dimensions and distribution for this indicator for non-wood fibers of various natural origin: flax, hemp, bamboo, cotton. It has been established that the average transverse dimensions of the initial fibers of flax and hemp are higher than for bamboo and cotton fibers with greater variability of this index and a pronounced asymmetry of the distribution towards valuesgreater than the average. Based on a detailed statistical analysis of microscopic images, differences in the transverse dimensions of non-wood fibers of different natural origin are established. The results obtained can be used to produce nonwoven composite materials with predictable properties.
СИНТЕЗ НЕРОЗЧИННОГО АЗОБАРВНИКА ІЗ АНТИБАКТЕРІАЛЬНОЮ СКЛАДОВОЮ
Authors: Гараніна О. О. , Варданян А. О. , Петрова-Кумінська С. В. , Міронова О. В. 
Published: May 2018

To enter into the structure of insoluble azo dye the antibacterial substance of a wide spectrum of action and to investigate the spectral characteristics. Azo dyes are obtained by using diazo-compounds, synthesized from known azoamines by the reaction of azo coupling with triclosan in the role of azocompound. Electronic spectra for solutions of synthesized dyes were obtained using a spectrophotometer. The principal possibility of synthesizing a dye with an antibacterial component in its structure is shown. The obtained electronic spectra of synthesized dyes with the triclosan containment. The use of surfactants changes the shades of synthesized dyes. By changing the azoamines, it is possible to regulate the activity of the bactericidal preparation on the surface of the fabric and in the water environment in contact with the fiber. For the first time, an antibacterial substance with a wide spectrum of action was entered into the structure of an insoluble azo dye and the possibility of regulating bactericidal activity is marked. Azo dye with antibacterial component was synthesized. Electronic spectra of synthesized dyes with the triclosan compound were obtained.
Selfie como medio de comunicación del siglo XXI
Authors: Saavedra Vásquez Valeria 
Published: May 2018

El fenómeno del selfie es una actividad social ligada a la tecnología. Se analiza este fenómeno de acuerdo con los postulados y categorías conceptuales de David Morley como la domesticación y mediación de los aparatos tecnológicos. Se describe el surgimiento del fenómeno del selfie como consecuencia de la modernidad y el avance tecnológico en las sociedades modernas y tradicionales. Se detallan los diferentes motivos para compartir un selfie y lo que se pretende comunicar.
Dinámicas de contacto entre la producción poética andina (kichwa y aymara) y el canon literario
Authors: Rodríguez Monarca Claudia 
Published: May 2018

El artículo se propone revisar las dinámicas de contacto de las producciones poéticas indígenas andinas actuales, tanto kichwa como aymara, con la cultura y las literaturas nacionales dominantes y canónicas de Ecuador y Bolivia, respectivamente. En estas relaciones encontramos interferencias propias del diálogo, más o menos tensionado, como la permeabilidad, la confluencia y la divergencia entre los sistemas literarios.
Sobre el compromiso político del arte (y los artistas) en Pobre gente de París de Sebastián Salazar Bondy
Authors: Mudarra Montoya Américo 
Published: May 2018

Desde nuestra perspectiva, el texto Pobre gente de París es un manifiesto poético-político. En él, nuestro autor intenta coincidir la visión del escritor literario y la visión del activista político. El libro no es, pues, un mero conjunto de “vivencias parisinas” emparentadas por su condición de “material autobiográfico” sino, más bien, un vehículo de ideas, el cual continuará por la misma ruta que venían formando sus artículos de opinión en la prensa escrita de aquellos años. Entonces, logramos observar que las ideas de Salazar Bondy discurren sin dificultad entre las líneas del texto Pobre gente de París. La condena dictada en la página de algún periódico aparece nuevamente en las páginas de este libro, quizá con otras palabras, quizá con diferente extensión, pero siempre con la misma indignación, con la misma ira.