bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Stable 1T‐WS2 and Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Flexible Thin Films with Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Piao Mingxing , Li Chaolong , Joo Min‐Kyu , Chu Jin , Wang Xiao , Chi Yao , Zhang Heng , Shi Haofei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo‐dimensional stable metallic 1T phase of transitional metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanosheets have attracted attention as promising, flexible, thermoelectric (TE) materials. Here, 1T phase tungsten disulfide/single walled carbon nanotube (1T‐WS2/SWCNT) hybrid composites with excellent TE performance are prepared using a hydrothermal method, and they are demonstrated to have a unique 3D architecture interweaving between the SWCNT bundles and WS2 nanosheets. Flexible thin films are fabricated using a facile vacuum filtration technique. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum electrical conductivity reached 318 S cm−1 with a Seebeck coefficient of 43.2 μV K−1 at room temperature, leading to an impressive power factor of 61.70 μW m−1 K−2. The introduction of SWCNTs into 1T‐WS2 may significantly improve the TE performance by simultaneously enhancing the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient due to the synergistic effect of the conductive paths and interfacial interaction. Furthermore, the TE properties were stable for at least half one year in the ambient environment because of the high stability of 1T‐WS2 synthesized through hydrothermal method. This novel strategy demonstrates an effective way to optimize the TE performance of metallic 1T phase TMDCs and a variety of TMDC‐based hybrid composites have great potential for future TE applications.
Simulation of orthogonal horizontal components of near‐fault ground motion for specified earthquake source and site characteristics
Authors: Dabaghi Mayssa , Der Kiureghian Armen 
Published: February 2018

SummaryA procedure to generate horizontal pairs of synthetic near‐fault ground motion components for specified earthquake source and site characteristics is presented. Some near‐fault ground motions contain a forward directivity pulse; others do not, even when the conditions for such a pulse are favorable. The proposed procedure generates pulse‐like and non‐pulse‐like motions in appropriate proportions. We use our recent stochastic models of pulse‐like and non‐pulse‐like near‐fault ground motions that are formulated in terms of physically meaningful parameters. The parameters of these models are fitted to databases of recorded pulse‐like and non‐pulse‐like motions. Using these empirical “observations,” predictive relations are developed for the model parameters in terms of the earthquake source and site characteristics (type of faulting, earthquake magnitude, depth to top of rupture plane, source‐to‐site distance, site characteristics, and directivity parameters). The correlation coefficients between the model parameters are also estimated. For a given earthquake scenario, the probability of occurrence of a directivity pulse is first computed; pulse‐like and non‐pulse‐like motions are then simulated according to the predicted proportions using the empirical predictive models. The resulting time series are realistic and reproduce important features of recorded near‐fault ground motions, including the natural variability. Moreover, the statistics of their elastic response spectra agree with those of the NGA‐West2 dataset, with the additional feature of distinguishing between pulse‐like and non‐pulse‐like cases and between forward and backward directivity scenarios. The synthetic motions can be used in addition to or in place of recorded motions in performance‐based earthquake engineering, particularly when recorded motions are scarce.
Electrical and thermal analysis of an intermediate temperature IIR‐SOFC system fed by biogas
Authors: De Lorenzo Giuseppe , Fragiacomo Petronilla 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT‐SOFC) system fed by not conventional fuels such as biogas can produce electric energy with high conversion efficiency and thermal energy. Inside the energy system, the methane in the biogas is mixed with steam, and then it is converted into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide through steam reforming and water gas shift chemical reactions in an indirect internal reformer (IIR) mostly and in the SOFC anode minimally. The chemical energy of the electro‐oxidation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced is directly converted into electric energy in the fuel cell anode. A part of the anode exhaust gas can be recirculated at the IIR inlet and the percentage of this recirculated anode exhaust gas together to the fuel utilization factor influence the performances (electric and thermal powers and efficiencies, primary energy saving and first law efficiency) of the SOFC system in a cogenerative arrangement. Through the simulation model of an IT‐SOFC system fed by biogas in cogenerative arrangement, which was formulated ad hoc and implemented in a Matlab environment, the influence of the above‐mentioned variables on the IT‐SOFC system performances was evaluated. The verification of carbon formation at the anode was made.
Postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer aged 70 or older with positive margins or extranodal extension and the influence of nodal classification
Authors: Yoshida Emi J. , Luu Michael , David John M. , Kim Sungjin , Mita Alain , Scher Kevin , Shiao Stephen L. , Tighiouart Mourad , Ho Allen S. , Zumsteg Zachary S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) improves outcomes for younger adults with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and positive margins or extranodal extension (ENE), but its benefit for older adults is not well established.MethodsPatients from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) with HNSCC undergoing curative‐intent resection, neck dissection, and postoperative radiation with positive margins or ENE were identified.ResultsThis analysis included 1199 patients aged ≥ 70 years with median follow‐up of 42.6 months. Postoperative concurrent CRT was associated with improved overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR] 0.752; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.638‐0.886) compared to radiation alone in multivariable analysis. Three‐year OS was 52.4% with CRT versus 43.4% with radiation (P = .012) in propensity‐score matched cohorts. The survival impact of CRT varied by N classification (P = .002 for interaction), with benefit seen only in those with N2 to N3 disease.ConclusionPostoperative concurrent CRT may benefit older patients with HNSCC with positive margins or ENE, particularly those with higher nodal burden.
The effect of handover location on trauma theatre start time: An estimated cost saving of £131 000 per year
Authors: Nahas Sam , Ali Adam , Majid Kiran , Joseph Roshan , Huber Chris , Babu Victor 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe National Health Service was estimated to be in £2.45 billion deficit in 2015 to 2016. Trauma theatre utilization and efficiency has never been so important as it is estimated to cost £15/minute.MethodsStructured questionnaires were given to 23 members of staff at our Trust who are actively involved in the organization or delivery of orthopaedic trauma lists at least once per week. This was used to identify key factors that may improve theatre efficiency. Following focus group evaluation, the location of the preoperative theatre meeting was changed, with all staff involved being required to attend this. Our primary outcome measure was mean theatre start time (time of arrival in the anaesthetic room) during the 1 month immediately preceding the change and the month following the change.ResultsTheatre start time was improved on average 24 minutes (1 month premeeting and postmeeting change). This equates to a saving of £360 per day, or £131 040 per year.ConclusionChanging the trauma meeting location to a venue adjacent to the trauma theatre can improve theatre start times, theatre efficiency, and therefore result in significant cost savings.
Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED): A critical review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Verster Joris C. , Benson Sarah , Johnson Sean J. , Alford Chris , Godefroy Samuel Benrejeb , Scholey Andrew 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to critically review the (1) prevalence of alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) consumption, (2) motives for AMED consumption, (3) correlates of AMED consumption, and (4) whether AMED consumption has an impact on (a) alcohol consumption, (b) subjective intoxication, and (c) risk‐taking behavior.Overall a minority of the population consumes AMED, typically infrequently. Motives for AMED consumption are predominantly hedonistic and social. Meta‐analyses revealed that AMED consumers drink significantly more alcohol than alcohol‐only (AO) consumers. Within‐subject comparisons restricted to AMED consumers revealed that alcohol consumption does not significantly differ between typical AMED and AO occasions. On past month heaviest drinking occasions, AMED users consume significantly less alcohol on AMED occasions when compared to AO occasions. AMED consumers experience significantly fewer negative consequences and risk‐taking behavior on AMED occasions compared with AO occasions. Meta‐analyses of subjective intoxication studies suggest that AMED consumption does not differentially affect subjective intoxication when compared to AO consumption. In conclusion, when compared to AO consumption, mixing alcohol with energy drink does not affect subjective intoxication and seems unlikely to increase total alcohol consumption, associated risk‐taking behavior, nor other negative alcohol‐related consequences. Further research may be necessary to fully reveal the effects of AMED.
Family stress predicts poorer dietary quality in children: Examining the role of the parent–child relationship
Authors: Webb Haley J. , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Scuffham Paul A. , Scott Rani , Barber Bonnie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe present prospective study investigated a comprehensive model of family stress to explain changes in young children's diet quality from age 3 to 5 years. The direct associations of family stress with child diet quality were examined, as well as the indirect associations via features of the parent–child relationship, including inconsistent parenting practices, negative parent–child interactions, and poor emotional bond. Using an Australian sample of 579 mother–child dyads (child Mage = 3.05 years; 45% boys), higher levels of family stress were predictive of less adequate child dietary quality (i.e., lower fruit and vegetable intake) over time with the effect on fruit intake occurring indirectly via impaired parent–child relationship quality. Notably, it was the relatively less well‐studied indicators of family stress (maternal physical and psychological health difficulties) that were consistently associated concurrently and prospectively with poorer child diet quality. These results provide support for an ongoing broader focus on the family context in which children and parents are embedded, including their exposure to stress, as well as the continued focus on parent–child relationship factors, such as inconsistent parenting practices and negative parent–child interactions, as specific and modifiable predictors of children's diet quality over time.Highlights

A comprehensive model of family stress was examined to explain changes in young children's dietary intake from age 3‐5 years.
Family stress was predictive of less adequate child dietary intake, with one effect occurring indirectly via impaired parent‐child relationship quality.
Results support a broader focus on the family context, including stress exposure, as well as on specific parent‐child relationship factors.
Inside Front Cover: Enhanced volumetric imaging in 2‐photon microscopy via acoustic lens beam shaping (J. Biophotonics 2/2018)
Authors: Piazza Simonluca , Bianchini Paolo , Sheppard Colin , Diaspro Alberto , Duocastella Martí 
Published: February 2018

Two‐photon microscopy is the tool of choice for fluorescence imaging of deep tissues with high resolution, but can be limited in three‐dimensional acquisition speed and penetration depth. In this work, these issues are addressed by using an acoustic optofluidic lens capable of ultrafast beam shaping on a pixel basis. Driving the lens with different phase profiles enables high‐speed volumetric imaging, or enhanced signal‐to‐background for deeper penetration.Further details can be found in the article by Simonluca Piazza et al. (e201700050)
image
HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism is negatively associated with breast cancer susceptibility
Authors: de Almeida Felipe Campos , Banin Hirata Bruna Karina , Ariza Carolina Batista , Losi Guembarovski Roberta , de Oliveira Karen Brajão , Suzuki Karen Mayumi , Guembarovski Alda Losi , Oda Julie Massayo Maeda , Vitiello Glauco Akelinghton Freire , Watanabe Maria Angelica Ehara 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThe HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2) Ile655Val (rs1136201) genetic polymorphism can alter the receptor structure and its auto‐activation, which can modify the signal transduction and, consequently, the cell cycle regulation. For this reason, this polymorphism has been extensively investigated as a candidate marker for breast cancer (BC). In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible influence of HER2 Ile655Val in BC susceptibility and prognostic factors in a Brazilian population.MethodsPolymorphism genotype was assessed through RFLP‐PCR in 107 BC patients with clinicopathological data available and in 150 women with no evidence of neoplasia and with no familial history of BC as control group. Association between this polymorphism and BC susceptibility and clinical parameters was evaluated through odds ratio (OR) and chi‐squared or Fisher's exact test, respectively.ResultsA significant negative association between valine allele and BC susceptibility in dominant model was found (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.27‐0.93, P = .036). No significant association was found in relation to BC clinicopathological features (tumor size, lymph nodes commitment, histological grade, HER2 overexpression, hormonal receptors, p53, and Ki‐67).ConclusionAlthough this polymorphism did not demonstrate potential as a prognostic marker, it may be a suitable susceptibility marker for BC.
Engineering Students' Perceptions of Problem Solving and Their Future
Authors: Kirn Adam , Benson Lisa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPreparing students to solve complex problems is an identified area of need in engineering education. Despite the documented influence of motivation on learning, little research exists that examines how motivation and problem solving in engineering interconnect.PurposeThis study explores how engineering students perceive problem solving tasks, the future, and the connections between the two.MethodsInterviews with engineering students (n = 9) about engineering problems, problem solving processes, their futures, and interactions between their futures and problem solving tasks were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Analysis of the resulting transcripts identified and clustered units of meaning into themes, first by participant and then across participants.ResultsThree themes emerged from the IPA: participants perceived engineering as being primarily a problem solving process; participants reported using different problem solving processes depending on how well the task aligned with their future goals; and participants' perceptions of their future drove the problem solving processes they report using.ConclusionsThis work supports and extends engineering problem solving literature by making explicit the connections students describe between their problem solving processes and their future‐oriented motivations. Additionally, this work furthers our understanding of how future‐oriented motivations are conceptualized by engineering students.
Sub‐monthly variability of the South American summer precipitation under El Niño and La Niña backgrounds during the 1998–2012 period
Authors: de Lima Alexandra Amaro , Andreoli Rita Valéria , Kayano Mary Toshie 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe sub‐monthly intra‐seasonal 8–24‐day period (SIS8‐24) timescale variability of the summer (1 November to 31 March) rainfall over South America (SA) under distinct inter‐annual (IA) backgrounds was analysed using the Tropical Rainfall Measure Mission (TRMM) based daily total precipitation data for the 1998–2012 period. The IA backgrounds refer to the El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN) years. First, the summer daily precipitation anomaly fields were subject to the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Using the first and the second principal component time series filtered at the SIS8‐24 timescale, positive and negative events were selected. The first SIS8‐24 mode features a precipitation anomaly dipole with centres over southeastern SA (SESA) and central and eastern tropical SA both extending southeastwards into the adjacent Atlantic Ocean. The second mode features a precipitation anomaly pattern similar to that previously documented for the oceanic South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ). The SIS8‐24 precipitation anomaly patterns for the positive (negative) events show differences in the anomaly intensities between EN and LN years, but with almost the same locations of the anomaly centres. These differences result from the variability inter‐SIS8‐24 events, as indicated by the distinct paths of the SIS8‐24 Rossby wave train patterns in the subtropics, although they are regionally locked over tropical SA. The relation between the SIS8‐24 and IA variabilities might occur through variations in the Rossby wave train patterns. The Rossby wave trains of both timescales, depending on their phases, reinforce or weaken the rainfall anomalies over SA, in such a way that the rainfall anomalies over SA show similar patterns but with distinct magnitudes for EN and LN composites. The South American precipitation responses to the combined SIS8‐24 and IA variability timescales stratified according to the IA backgrounds have not been studied before and might be useful for operational forecasting services.
Plagioclase composition by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Bersani Danilo , Aliatis Irene , Tribaudino Mario , Mantovani Luciana , Benisek Artur , Carpenter Michael A. , Gatta Giacomo Diego , Lottici Pier Paolo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPlagioclase undergoes complex exsolution and ordering and phase transition processes during their evolution in nature, and this has hindered attempts to define simple trends relating the major peaks of their Raman spectra with composition. Here, the peak position and linewidth of major Raman features have been calibrated for a set of 20 plagioclases, spanning from albite to anorthite in composition, with symmetry and ordering states that were already well characterized. Point group symmetry is the most important factor determining the Raman peak behaviour with composition, though C
, I
, and P
plagioclases show different trends for the position of the main peak νa at ~500 cm−1. Using a simplifying approach, which merges the effect of Al–Si ordering and incommensurate modulations, a method has been developed to estimate the plagioclase composition from calibration of a few determinative Raman peaks. This makes use of the wavenumber difference Δab between the most intense peaks νa and νb around 500 cm−1, the linewidth Гa of the strongest νa peak, and the wavenumber difference Δcb between νc and νb peaks, where νc is a Raman feature at ~560–580 cm−1. The calibration was completed from data sets composed of spectra from metamorphic to pegmatitic plagioclase. The results were then tested against a further data set, mostly made by volcanic plagioclase. In most samples, the difference between electron micro probe analysis (EMPA) and Raman compositions is less than 5%. Higher residuals (beyond 10%) are observed for intermediate plagioclase, suggesting that some differences in Δab exist between volcanic and metamorphic plagioclase of intermediate compositions. The Raman compositional results for a plagioclase from Marsili submarine volcano agree with composition and zoning found from the analysis by laser ablation.
Bacterial diversity and community structure in Chongqing radish paocai brines revealed using PacBio single‐molecule real‐time sequencing technology
Authors: Yang Jixia , Cao Jialu , Xu Haiyan , Hou Qiangchuan , Yu Zhongjie , Zhang Heping , Sun Zhihong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDTraditional Chongqing radish paocai fermented with aged brine is considered to have the most intense flavor and authentic taste. Eight ‘Yanzhi’ (red, RRPB group) and ‘Chunbulao’ (white, WRPB) radish paocai brine samples were collected from Chongqing peasant households, and the diversity and community structures of bacteria present in these brines were determined using PacBio single‐molecule real‐time sequencing of their full‐length 16S rRNA genes.RESULTSIn total, 30 phyla, 218 genera, and 306 species were identified from the RRPB group, with 20 phyla, 261 genera, and 420 species present in the WRPB group. Obvious differences in bacterial profiles between the RRPB and WRPB groups were found, with the bacterial diversity of the WRPB group shown to be greater than that of the RRPB group. This study revealed several characteristics of the bacteria composition, including the predominance of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, the species diversity of genus Pseudomonas, and the presence of three opportunistic pathogenic species.CONCLUSIONThis study provides detailed information on the bacterial diversity and community structure of Chongqing radish paocai brine samples, and suggests it may be necessary to analyze paocai brine for potential sources of bacterial contamination and take appropriate measures to exclude any pathogenic species. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of konjac glucomannan/casein blending gels optimized by response surface methodology and assessment of the effects of high‐pressure processing on their gel properties and structure
Authors: Zhang Fusheng , Fan Qiao , Li Hongyun , Chen Hourong , Zheng Jiong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to improve the compatibility of polysaccharide–protein mixtures and enhance their performance, a response surface methodology was used to optimize the preparation conditions of konjac glucomannan/casein blend gel. Moreover, the effects of high‐pressure processing (HPP) on the gel properties and structure were also investigated.RESULTSThe optimal preparation parameters were a temperature of 60 °C, a total concentration 40 g kg−1, and a dietary alkali concentration 5 g kg−1. Under these conditions, the experimental value of hardness was 38.7 g, which was close to the predicted value. HPP increased gel hardness by 161–223% and led to a more compact structure at 200–600 MPa/10 min, while a hardness increase of ∼120% and damaged structure were observed at 600 MPa/30 min. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that noncovalent interactions are likely the most important factor in the modification of gel hardness; indeed, hydrogen bonding interactions in the gels are enhanced when subjected to HPP, but are weakened at 600 MPa/30 min.COUCLUSIONProtein–polysaccharide complexes with excellent properties could be obtained through this method, with broad application prospects in the food industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry