bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le vaccin de Belin (complexe vaccino-aphteux) dans la vaccination contre la fièvre aphteuse
Authors: Cortez A. 
Published: January 2019

Les expériences réalisées dans la région bônoise sur des Bovins réceptifs importés de France, à l’occasion d’une épizootie aphteuse d’intensité moyenne, dans laquelle le Virus n’accusait point d’agressivité particulière et laissait presque indifférents les Bovins indigènes, autorisent, concernant le vaccin Belin (complexe vaccino-aphteux), les conclusions suivantes :
Employé à dose forte (60 cc. du vaccin bivalent), le vaccin confère une résistance incomplète mais nette, telle que les ani¬ maux, placés dix jours après l’injection en contact avec des malades, présentent seulement, cinq jours plus tard, une fièvre aphteuse bénigne et sans complications.
Mais cette résistance n’est pas durable ; elle disparaît chez tous dans l’espace de deux mois, et si complètement que les vaccinés, au contact d’animaux guéris, font une fièvre aphteuse grave et compliquée de manière telle que, dans certains effectifs, s’imposa l’envoi à la boucherie de 20 à 50 p. 100 des vaccinés malades.
A cause de cette résistance éphémère, la méthode Belin n’est pas «rentable», elle n’est pas utilisable dans la pratique.
Le coligranulome des Poules (Maladie de Hjarre)
Authors: Lissot Gabriel 
Published: January 2019

Le Coligranulome des poules a fréquemment une apparence stationnaire et semble seulement légèrement infectieux, mais sa signification pratique tient à ce qu’il peut être facilement confondu avec la Tuberculose et la Pseudo-Tuberculose aviaires.
C’est pour cette raison que nous avons cru devoir attirer l’attention de nos confrères sur la maladie de Hjarre et Wramby principalement de ceux qui exercent dans les fermes de moyenne et petite culture où la tuberculose des poules est si fréquente et si répandue.
Encéphalopathies de type oedémateux d’origine toxique (étude de pathologie générale et expérimentale)
Authors: Valade Paul 
Published: January 2019

1° Aube fois, résultats incertains, et même quelquefois infection, pur vaccination.
2° Découverte de la porte d'entrée de l’infection : voie dermique.
3° Découverte de l'hémagglutination et de l'inhibition de l'hémagglutination, ce qui permet de titrer à tout moment, in vitro, rapidement et économiquement, le sérum de chaque cheval producteur de sérum.
4° Mise en évidence de souches peu virulentes et fortement agglutinantes, obtenues sur milieux spéciaux.
5° Emploi de vaccins formulés, adsorbés sur hydroxyde d'alumine, actifs et sans danger.
6° Mise en évidence de familles résistantes, chez lesquelles la résistance est héréditaire.
Entre as fronteiras do aceitável: o valor-notícia como legitimador do jornalismo como gestor de consenso
Authors: Verri Francisco 
Published: January 2019

A partir dos consensos que rondam as coberturas políticas (BIROLI, 2013), o artigo percorre o caminho teórico dos estudos sobre critérios de noticiabilidade no intuito de observar as fronteiras do que pode ser notícia. Funcionando em um mapa cultural (HALL et al, 1999), o valores-notícia, enquanto um atributo que o jornalista carrega durante todo o processo de produção noticiosa, caracteriza-se como um legitimador da falta de pluralidade dos acontecimentos nesta editoria especializada. Entre os alinhamentos políticos e a cobertura adversária, esses valores (re) significam o que é importante ser noticiado, legitimando uma agenda de grupos e atores hegemônicos. O resultado é visto na promoção de pautas governamentais e fontes oficiais, marginalizando os acontecimentos de grupos com menor expressão midiática e evidenciando uma correlação entre os valores-notícia e as hegemonias políticas.
Can biomarkers of biological age be used to assess cumulative lifetime experience?
Authors: Bateson M , Poirier C 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjective methods for assessing the cumulative lifetime experience of non-human animals would be valuable. We develop the hypothesis that biological age is a common currency that integrates the overall quality of an animal's lifetime experience across a range of types of exposure. Ageing is the result of the accumulation of somatic damage, and its rate is determined by the balance between experiences that cause damage and experiences that mitigate damage or promote repair. Negative affective states are associated with somatic damage via both direct causal and indirect pathways. Based on these premises, we predict that individuals that are biologically old for their chronological age will, on average, have experienced worse lives than individuals that are biologically younger, both in terms of their overall health and affective experience. Biological age is, thus, an attractive measure of cumulative experience because it requires no subjective decisions either about how a given exposure impacts an animal, or about how different dimensions of welfare should be weighted in an overall assessment. Biological age can be measured objectively using biomarkers. We argue that two biomarkers, namely leukocyte telomere length and hippocampal volume, are valid biomarkers of cumulative experience in humans, with potential for use in non-human vertebrates. We discuss how these biomarkers could be used to assess cumulative experience in animals, highlighting some of the limitations. We conclude that biomarkers of biological age offer a viable objective solution to the assessment of cumulative experience and their application in an animal welfare context deserves further exploration.
Innervation Patterns of the Lumbrical Muscles of the Foot in Human Fetuses
Authors: Kara Betül Asena , Uzmansel Deniz , Beger Orhan 
Published: January 2019

Background
We sought to describe the innervation patterns of the foot lumbrical muscles and their morphological properties in human fetuses and to define the communicating branches between the medial (MPN) and lateral (LPN) plantar nerves, which play a part in the innervation of those muscles.

Methods
Thirty formalin-fixed fetuses (13 male and 17 female) with a mean ± SD gestational age of 25.5 ± 3.8 weeks (range, 18–36 weeks) from the inventory of the Mersin University Faculty of Medicine Anatomy Department were bilaterally dissected. Innervation patterns of the lumbrical muscles and the communicating branches between the MPN and the LPN were detected and photographed.

Results
No variations were seen in lumbrical muscle numbers. In the 60 feet, the first lumbrical muscle started directly from the flexor digitorum longus tendon in 48 and from the flexor hallucis longus slips in addition to the flexor digitorum longus tendon in 12. Fifty-five feet had the classic innervation pattern of the lumbrical muscles, and five had variations. No communicating branches were seen in 48 feet, whereas 12 had connections.

Conclusions
This study classified innervation patterns of the foot lumbrical muscles and defined two new innervation types. During surgeries on the foot and ankle in neonatal and early childhood terms, awareness of the communicating branches between the MPN and the LPN and innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the foot, such as the lumbrical muscles, might aid in preventing possible complications.
Targeted inactivation ofSalmonellaAgona metabolic genes by group II introns andin vivoassessment of pathogenicity and anti-tumour activity in mouse model
Authors: Gwee Chin Piaw , Khoo Chai Hoon , Yeap Swee Keong , Tan Geok Chin , Cheah Yoke Kqueen 
Published: January 2019

The fight against cancer has been a never-ending battle. Limitations of conventional therapies include lack of selectivity, poor penetration and highly toxic to the host. Using genetically modified bacteria as a tumour therapy agent has gained the interest of scientist from the past few decades. Low virulence and highly tolerability ofSalmonellaspp. in animals and humans make it as the most studied pathogen with regards to anti-tumour therapy. The present study aims to construct a genetically modifiedS.Agona auxotroph as an anti-tumour agent.LeuBandArgDmetabolic genes in ΔSopBΔSopDdouble knockoutS. Agona were successfully knocked out using a Targetron gene knockout system. The knockout was confirmed by colony PCR and the strains were characterizedin vitroandin vivo. The knockout of metabolic genes causes significant growth defect in M9 minimal media. Quadruple knockout ΔSopBΔSopDΔLeuBΔArgD(BDLA) exhibited lowest virulence among all of the strains in all parameters including bacterial load, immunity profile and histopathology studies.In vivoanti-tumour study on colorectal tumour bearing-BALB/c mice revealed that all strains ofS. Agona were able to suppress the growth of the large solid tumour as compared with negative control and ΔLeuBΔArgD(LA) and BDLA auxotroph showed better efficacy. Interestingly, higher level of tumour growth suppression was noticed in large tumour. However, multiple administration of bacteria dosage did not increase the tumour suppression efficacy. In this study, the virulence of BDLA knockout strain was slightly reduced and tumour growth suppression efficacy was successfully enhanced, which provide a valuable starting point for the development ofS. Agona as anti-tumour agent.
Plant Defences against Fungal Attack: Perception and Signal Transduction
Authors: Xiao Xueqiong , Kachroo Aardra 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Plants utilise specialised proteins to perceive fungal invaders as ‘nonself’ by ‘recognising’ specific fungus‐derived molecules. This either results in the onset of massive physical and chemical responses that counter‐invasion by phytopathogenic fungi or enables symbioses with beneficial fungi. Induction of defence occurs when pathogen‐derived molecules such as pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMP) or effectors (AVR) are respectively recognised by specialised plant receptors called pattern recognition receptors (PRR) or resistance proteins (R). Signalling induced downstream of PRR or R activation involves several common events though these may differ in their timing and amplitude.

Key Concepts

Plants defend themselves from microbial invasions by recognising the pathogen as ‘nonself’.

The perception of ‘nonself’ occurs when plant factors interact with microbial molecules that are either present on the surface of the organism or extruded by them.

Pathogen recognition and the subsequent defence response is driven by a two‐tiered innate immune system involving PAMP‐triggered immunity (PTI) and effector‐triggered immunity (ETI).

The strength and timing of downstream defence‐related events determine the outcome (resistance or susceptibility) of the host–pathogen interaction.

These downstream responses involve reactive oxygen species, ion influxes, MAPK signalling cascades, phytohormones and transcription factors.
Quartz Crystal Microbalance: Basics and Applications in Biology
Authors: Ruckdäschel Simone , Kade Christian , Wegener Joachim 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique refers to a bioanalytical approach capable of monitoring adsorption reactions at the solid–liquid interface with the help of thumbnail‐sized piezoelectric quartz crystals that perform resonant shear oscillations of nanometre amplitude. Shifts of its resonance frequency report on mass deposition on the crystal surface with sub‐microgram sensitivity. The device is typically used to study and quantify non‐covalent biomolecular interactions of the ligand‐receptor type. When the crystal surface is, for instance, functionalised with antibodies, the resulting biosensor captures target molecules or microorganisms from solution and indicates the associated mass change. Growing adherent animal cells on the crystal surface provides a convenient, non‐invasive and label‐free approach to follow changes in cellular micromechanics and adhesion state under physiological conditions. This article provides a brief introduction into the physical basics of the technology and highlights its major applications as well as limitations.

Key Concepts

The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a simple, cost‐effective, mass sensing technique based on the resonant oscillation of a piezoelectric quartz crystal.

The resonance frequency of the crystal (typically 5 to 10 MHz) is measured as a function of time, and it reports on the presence of a foreign mass film on the crystal surface and any changes with time.

When a rigid mass is deposited on the crystal surface, the device has demonstrated a mass sensitivity in the sub‐microgram range.

For non‐rigid films, the QCM returns information on the viscoelastic properties of the load material.

The QCM operates label‐free and non‐invasively with a maximum shear displacement that is commonly set below 1 nm amplitude.

The QCM is used to monitor biomolecular interactions such as those between antigen–antibody, enzyme–substrate or ligand–receptor with one binding partner immobilised upon the resonator surface while the other one is present in the incubation fluid.

When used as a growth substrate for adherent eukaryotic cells, the QCM reports on cell attachment, spreading and proliferation upon the resonator surface in real time.

Based on its sensitivity for the viscoelastic properties of the load material, the device is capable of monitoring changes in cellular micromechanics when adherent mammalian cells are grown on the resonator.
Evolutionary Potential of Herkogamy
Authors: Opedal Øystein H 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHerkogamy, the spatial separation of male and female sexual functions in flowers, is an important floral trait mediating variation in plant mating systems. Understanding the evolutionary potential of herkogamy may, therefore, yield insights into the evolutionary potential of the mating system itself. Herkogamy differs from typical floral traits in being a composite trait determined by the relative positions of anthers and stigmas. This feature creates challenges for measuring the evolvability of herkogamy but may also contribute to comparatively high evolvability. Empirical studies have demonstrated substantial evolvability of herkogamy, and that selection on herkogamy can be strong in the event of rapid environmental change such as the decline of pollinators. These results suggest that the evolutionary potential of herkogamy is high, and that detectable evolutionary change can be expected within a few generations following changes in the reproductive environment.Key ConceptsHerkogamy is a key floral trait associated with variation in plant mating systems and often varies widely among populations and species.Herkogamy is a composite trait determined by the relative positions of anthers and stigmas within flowers, and the evolution of herkogamy may involve changes in the positions of anthers and stigmas, the variances in anther and stigma positions or both.Evolution by natural selection is a two‐step process, the rate of which depends on the strength and direction of natural selection and the potential of traits to evolve (i.e. evolvability).Compared to other floral traits, and morphological traits in general, herkogamy can evolve rapidly in percentage of the trait mean.Natural selection on herkogamy is often weak when cross‐pollination is reliable, but strong when cross‐pollination is unreliable.Strong selection combined with high evolvability means that herkogamy can evolve rapidly in response to environmental change.
A novel model for treatment of hypertrophic pachymeningitis
Authors: Cui Yiwen , Masaki Katsuhisa , Zhang Xu , Yamasaki Ryo , Fujii Takayuki , Ogata Hidenori , Hayashida Shotaro , Yamaguchi Hiroo , Hyodo Fuminori , Eto Hinako , Koyama Sachiko , Iinuma Kyoko , Yonekawa Tomomi , Matsushita Takuya , Yoshida Mari , Yamada Kazunori , Kawano Mitsuhiro , Malissen Marie , Malissen Bernard , Kira Junichi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveImmunoglobulin (Ig)G4‐related disease is a major cause of hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP), presenting as a progressive thickening of the dura mater. HP lacks an animal model to determine its underlying mechanisms. We developed a suitable animal model for the treatment of HP.MethodsWe longitudinally evaluated dura in mice with a mutation (Y136F) in the linker for activation of T cells (LAT), which induced type 2 T helper (Th2) cell proliferation and IgG1 (IgG4 human equivalent) overexpression. Mice were therapeutically administered daily oral irbesartan from 3 to 6 weeks of age. Human IgG4‐related, anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐related, and idiopathic HP dura were also immunohistochemically examined.ResultsLATY136F mice showing dural gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging had massive infiltration of B220+ B cells, IgG1+ cells, CD138+ plasma cells, CD3+ T cells, F4/80+ macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the dura at 3 weeks of age, followed by marked fibrotic thickening. In dural lesions, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 was produced preferentially in B cells and macrophages while TGF‐β receptor I (TGF‐βRI) was markedly upregulated on fibroblasts. Quantitative western blotting revealed significant upregulation of TGF‐β1, TGF‐βRI, and phosphorylated SMAD2/SMAD3 in dura of LATY136F mice aged 13 weeks. A similar upregulation of TGF‐βRI, SMAD2/SMAD3, and phosphorylated SMAD2/SMAD3 was present in autopsied dura of all three types of human HP. Irbesartan abolished dural inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrotic thickening in all treated LATY136F mice with reduced TGF‐β1 and nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated SMAD2/SMAD3.InterpretationTGF‐β1/SMAD2/SMAD3 pathway is critical in HP and is a potential novel therapeutic target.
Visualizing Formation of Intermetallic PdZn in a Palladium/Zinc Oxide Catalyst: Interfacial Fertilization by PdHx
Authors: Niu Yiming , Liu Xi , Wang Yongzhao , Zhou Song , Lv Zhengang , Zhang Liyun , Shi Wen , Li Yongwang , Zhang Wei , Su Dang Sheng , Zhang Bingsen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractControllable synthesis of well‐defined supported intermetallic catalysts is desirable because of their unique properties in physical chemistry. To accurately pinpoint the evolution of such materials at an atomic‐scale, especially clarification of the initial state under a particular chemical environment, will facilitate rational design and optimal synthesis of such catalysts. The dynamic formation of a ZnO‐supported PdZn catalyst is presented, whereby detailed analyses of in situ transmission electron microscopy, electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, and in situ X‐ray diffraction are combined to form a nanoscale understanding of PdZn phase transitions under realistic catalytic conditions. Remarkably, introduction of atoms (H and Zn in sequence) into the Pd matrix was initially observed. The resultant PdHx is an intermediate phase in the intermetallic formation process. The evolution of PdHx in the PdZn catalyst initializes at the PdHx/ZnO interfaces, and proceeds along the PdHx ⟨111⟩ direction.
Acyl‐Phosphide Anions via an Intermediate with Carbene Character: Reactions of K[PtBu2] and CO
Authors: Xu Maotong , Jupp Andrew R. , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe analogy of the reactivity of group 1 phosphides to that of FLPs is further demonstrated by reactions with CO, affording a new synthetic route to acyl‐phosphide anions. The reaction of [K(18‐crown‐6)][PtBu2] (1) with CO affords [(18‐crown‐6)K⋅THF2][Z‐tBuP=C(tBu)O] (2⋅THF2) as the major product, and the minor product [K6(18‐crown‐6)][(tBu2PCO)2]3 (3). Species 2 reacts with either BPh3 or additional CO to give [K(18‐crown‐6)][(Ph3B)tBuPC(tBu)O] (4) and [K(18‐crown‐6)][(OCtBu)2P] (5), respectively. The acyl‐phosphide anion 2 is thought to be formed by a photochemically induced radical process involving a transient species with triplet carbene character, prompting 1,2‐tert‐butyl group migration. A similar process is proposed for the subsequent reaction of 2 with CO to give 5.
Artificial K+Channels Formed by Pillararene‐Cyclodextrin Hybrid Molecules: Tuning Cation Selectivity and Generating Membrane Potential
Authors: Xin Pengyang , Kong Huiyuan , Sun Yonghui , Zhao Lingyu , Fang Haodong , Zhu Haofeng , Jiang Tao , Guo Jingjing , Zhang Qian , Dong Wenpei , Chen Chang‐Po 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA class of artificial K+channels formed by pillararene‐cyclodextrin hybrid molecules have been designed and synthesized. These channels efficiently inserted into lipid bilayers and displayed high selectivity for K+over Na+in fluorescence and electrophysiological experiments. The cation transport selectivity of the artificial channels is tunable by varying the length of the linkers between pillararene and cyclodexrin. The shortest channel showed specific transmembrane transport preference for K+over all alkali metal ions (selective sequence: K+> Cs+> Rb+> Na+> Li+), and is rarely observed for artificial K+channels. The high selectivity of this artificial channel for K+over Na+ensures specific transmembrane translocation of K+, and generated stable membrane potential across lipid bilayers.
Efficient Homogeneous Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by a Manganese Cluster with an Overpotential of Only 74 mV
Authors: Ghosh Totan , Maayan Galia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWater electrolysis is among the simplest method for generating hydrogen as an alternative renewable fuel. A major challenge associated with this process is the development of cheap, simple, and environmentally benign catalysts that lead to a minimum overpotential for water oxidation. Inspired by the Mn4CaOx cluster that catalyzes water oxidation in photosystem II, described here is the synthesis and characterization of the manganese cluster [Mn12O12(O2CC6H2(OH)3)16(H2O)4] (Mn12TH) along with its electrocatalytic activity at pH 6. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and electron microscopy studies show that Mn12TH is a homogeneous electrocatalyst for water oxidation and enables oxygen evolution with a reaction rate of 22 s−1, high Faradic efficiency (93 %), and an overpotential of only 74 mV, the lowest reported to date. Based on the electrochemical data, the organic ligands, which can be described as the second coordination sphere of the catalytic manganese core, play a key role in facilitating the oxidation process and accelerating the reaction.
Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA/bovine serum albumin binding and antitumor activity of two transition metal complexes with 4‐acylpyrazolone derivative
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Ping , Li Yue , Xu Guan‐Cheng , Li Jin‐Yu , Luo Hua‐Ying , Li Jin‐Yao , Zhang Li , Jia Dian‐Zeng 
Published: January 2019

Two new complexes, namely [Cu6L6] (1) and [Zn(HL)2] (2) (H2L = N‐(1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐propenylidene‐5‐pyrazolone)‐2‐furancarboxylic acid hydrazide), have been synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X‐ray analysis indicates that complex 1 has a hexanuclear structure and complex 2 exhibits a mononuclear structure. The DNA/bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding properties of complexes 1 and 2 were investigated by absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence quenching. Both complexes could effectively intercalate to DNA with calculated quenching constants of 2.6 × 105 and 1.25 × 105 M−1, respectively. The quenching mechanism of the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA by the complexes was found to be a static one. The cytotoxicities of 1 and 2 were investigated in two human tumor cell lines, human esophageal cancer cells (Eca‐109) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Complex 1 exhibits higher antitumor activity than 2. Furthermore, 1 can inhibit HeLa cells by inducing apoptosis and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. All results demonstrate that 1 and 2 both have DNA/BSA binding capacity and antitumor activity.