bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic disadvantage and the risk of advanced chronic kidney disease: results from a cohort study with 1.4 million participants
Authors: Weldegiorgis Misghina , Smith Margaret , Herrington William G , Bankhead Clare , Woodward Mark 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Several studies have investigated the effect of socioeconomic deprivation on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes; less is known about its effect on chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to measure the association between deprivation, CKD Stages 4–5 and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a general population sample.

Methods
This observational study examined 1 405 016 participants from the English Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2000–14), linked to hospital discharge data and death certification. Deprivation was assessed according to the participant’s postcode. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for CKD Stages 4–5 and ESRD, adjusting for age and sex, and additionally for smoking status, body mass index, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, prior CVD and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline.

Results
During 7.5 years of median follow-up, 11 490 individuals developed CKD Stages 4–5 and 1068 initiated ESRD. After adjustment for age and sex, the HRs and confidence interval (CI) comparing those in the 20% most deprived of the population to the 20% least deprived were 1.76 (95% CI 1.68–1.84) and 1.82 (95% CI 1.56–2.12) for CKD Stages 4–5 and ESRD, respectively. Further adjustment for known risk factors and eGFR substantially attenuated these HRs. Adding our results to all known cohort studies produced a pooled relative risk of 1.61 (95% CI 1.42–1.83) for ESRD, for comparisons between highest to lowest categories of deprivation.

Conclusion
Socioeconomic deprivation is independently associated with an increased hazard of CKD Stages 4–5 and ESRD, but in large part may be mediated by known risk factors.
Asymmetric biotic interchange across the Bering land bridge between Eurasia and North America
Authors: Jiang Dechun , Klaus Sebastian , Zhang Ya-Ping , Hillis David M , Li Jia-Tang 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
The exchange of biotas between Eurasia and North America across the Bering land bridge had a major impact on ecosystems of both continents throughout the Cenozoic. This exchange has received particular attention regarding placental mammals dispersing into the Americas, including humans after the last glacial period, and also as an explanation for the disjunct distribution of related seed plants in eastern Asia and eastern North America. Here, we investigate bi-directional dispersal across the Bering land bridge from estimates of dispersal events based on time-calibrated phylogenies of a broad range of plant, fungus and animal taxa. We reveal a long-lasting phase of asymmetrical biotic interchange, with a peak of dispersal from Asia into North America during the late Oligocene warming (26–24 Ma), when dispersal in the opposite direction was greatly decreased. Influx from North America into Asia was lower than in the opposite direction throughout the Cenozoic, but with peak rates of dispersal at the end of the Eocene (40–34 Ma) and again in the early to middle Miocene (16–14 Ma). The strong association between dispersal patterns and environmental changes suggests that plants, fungi and animals have likely dispersed from stable to perturbed environments of North America and Eurasia throughout the Cenozoic.
How Does Smoking and Nicotine Dependence Change After Onset of Vaping? A Retrospective Analysis of Dual Users
Authors: Martínez Úrsula , Martínez-Loredo Víctor , Simmons Vani N , Meltzer Lauren R , Drobes David J , Brandon Karen O , Palmer Amanda M , Eissenberg Thomas , Bullen Christopher R , Harrell Paul T , Brandon Thomas H 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Although some smokers switch to exclusive use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), others become dual users of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Little is known about how the onset of vaping affects the use of and dependence on combustible cigarettes or total nicotine use and dependence, which may influence health-related and cessation outcomes. Using self-report data of current combustible and e-cigarette use and retrospective recall of pre-vaping smoking in a sample of dual users, the aims of this study were (1) to compare pre- and post-vaping number of cigarettes per day and combustible cigarette dependence; (2) to compare pre- and post-vaping total nicotine use frequency (number of vaping sessions and cigarettes smoked per day), and total nicotine dependence; and (3) to examine predictors of nicotine dependence.

Methods
We used baseline data from a smoking cessation trial with 2896 dual users. Nicotine use frequency and the Heaviness of Smoking Index were used as measures of nicotine use and dependence, respectively.

Results
Participants decreased cigarettes/day from pre- (M = 19.24, SD = 9.01) to post-vaping (M = 11.15, SD = 8.02, p &lt; .0001) and combustible cigarette dependence declined from pre- (M = 3.55, SD = 1.51) to post-vaping (M = 2.11, SD = 1.60, p &lt; .0001). Total daily nicotine use frequency increased after initiating vaping (M = 19.25, SD = 9.01 vs. M = 29.46, SD = 8.61; p &lt; .0001), as did total nicotine dependence (M = 3.55, SD = 1.51 vs. M = 4.68, SD = 1.38; p &lt; .0001). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that variables associated with greater overall nicotine dependence included: younger age, lower education, more years smoking, higher pre-vaping nicotine dependence, using e-cigarettes more days per month, more puffs per vaping session, higher e-liquid nicotine concentration, and longer vaping history.

Conclusions
Dual use leads to a reduction in the number of combustible cigarettes, but total nicotine use and dependence increases.

Implications
In dual users, a reduction in smoking following onset of vaping may offer some harm reduction via reduction in cigarette intake. However, the increase in total nicotine use and dependence could affect the ability to quit either or both products.
The Transition from Acute to Chronic Pain
Authors: Sun Wei-Hsin , Su Yu-Shiuan , Chen Chih-Cheng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chronic pain is not merely a prolonged form of acute pain but rather results from plastic changes that occur along sensory transduction pathways from the peripheral to the central nervous system. Recent studies have revealed that “hyperalgesic priming,” the plastic changes of nociceptors, is essential for the transition from acute to chronic pain. Once challenged, nociceptors may elicit a signal switch to favor pain chronicity in response to future noxious stimuli. This article summarizes the recent progress in research into hyperalgesic priming in different chronic pain models and highlight how the plastic changes of the signal switch varies in different nociceptors. Also discussed is the involvement of proton-sensing receptors in pain chronicity associated with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia.
the Roman Empire in the Synoptic Gospels
Authors: Diehl Judith A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article introduces past and current scholarship that uses postcolonial criticism as an approach to the interpretation of the New Testament (NT) Synoptic Gospels. Historically, the NT was written primarily during the colonization and control of the Roman Empire; therefore, it is not strictly “postcolonial” literature. Reading the NT through the lens of postcolonial interpretation, readers can see that experiences connected to modern colonialism are apparent in the ancient texts. Did the Gospel writers find it necessary to employ subversive language and symbols to conceal their true meanings from the imperial authorities? This chapter offers a brief review of the biblical scholarship that recognizes anti-imperial rhetoric within three biblical accounts of Jesus and his countercultural message to the first-century Jewish and Gentile world.
Cognitive Work Analysis
Authors: Burns Catherine M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRasmussen and Vicente’s cognitive work analysis (CWA) is well known as an approach to developing a rich set of design requirements. CWA has become quite well recognized as an approach to understand complex domains and generate requirements for effective new designs. These requirements have resulted in information system interfaces that have improved performance in process control, health, finance, and military domains. The pattern of performance improvements seen with displays developed from CWA is quite particular. For example, improved performance is often seen in fault detection and diagnosis, but not particularly in the performance of regular tasks. Human performance in unanticipated situations is improved, but not performance in normal situations. One way to look at the effects of CWA-based interventions is to consider that CWA creates performance more typical of experts. CWA was a method founded on attempts to understand human expertise and transfer the knowledge of human experts into a design so that the less expert could benefit. From this grounding, CWA is an important method for understanding and transferring expertise. This chapter will move through the steps of CWA and their various contributions to the understanding and development of expertise. Finally, how CWA can be used to develop and transfer expertise through design will be discussed.
The End of Enslavement, ‘Greek style’
Authors: Vlassopoulos Kostas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the processes through which slaves in ancient Greek communities exited slavery, as well as their status and condition as freed people. It examines the nature of the existing evidence for manumission and freed people and its implications for studying the topic; it explores the forms of manumission and the processes through which slaves managed to gain their freedom; finally, it discusses the meanings that freedom had for freed people in the various conditions in which they found themselves after exiting slavery. The chapter places particular attention on the significance of the master–slave, free–slave, and community formation dialectics for manumission and for life after slavery. It also engages with fruitful comparisons between different areas and communities of the Greek world, as well as between Greek and Roman manumission and freed people.
Cryptic conspirators: a conversation about thrombocytopenia and antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Vreede Andrew P. , Bockenstedt Paula L. , McCune W. Joseph , Knight Jason S. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Although antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is best known for conveying increased risk of thrombotic events and pregnancy morbidity, thrombocytopenia is also recognized as a common association. In this review, we will explore the relationship between thrombocytopenia and APS, highlighting our evolving understanding – and persistent knowledge gaps – through clinically oriented questions and answers.

Recent findings
A history of thrombocytopenia likely portends a more severe APS phenotype (including increased risk of thrombosis). Although the pathophysiology underlying thrombocytopenia in APS has yet to be definitively revealed, mechanisms that play a role (at least in subsets of patients) include: immune thrombocytopenic purpura/ITP-like autoantibodies against platelet glycoproteins; antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-mediated platelet activation and consumption; and potentially life threatening thrombotic microangiopathy. Although thrombocytopenia is often ‘mild’ in APS (and therefore, may not require specific therapy), there are causes of acute-onset thrombocytopenia that mandate emergent work-up and treatment. When APS-related thrombocytopenia does require therapy, the approach must be individualized (requiring an understanding of pathophysiology in the particular APS patient). For patients with ITP-like disease, rituximab is emerging as a popular approach to treatment; in contrast, there are hints that thrombopoietin mimetics may be associated with elevated thrombotic risk.

Summary
Thrombocytopenia is common in APS, and is likely associated with more severe disease. Improved understanding of thrombocytopenia in APS has the potential to improve risk stratification, reveal novel aspects of APS pathophysiology, and lead to treatments that are more individualized and holistic.
Complications and Accuracy of Computed Tomography–guided Transthoracic Needle Biopsy in Patients Over 80 Years of Age
Authors: Tongbai Thanisa , McDermott Shaunagh , Fintelmann Florian J. , Price Melissa C. , Sharma Amita , Gilman Matthew D. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the complications and diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography–guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) in patients aged 80 years and older.

Materials and Methods:
Consecutive PTNB procedures performed in an academic institution between July 2009 and June 2013 were reviewed. Procedures were performed according to a standard protocol using conscious sedation and rapid on-site pathology evaluation. Patient demographics, lesion characteristics, complications, and final tissue diagnosis were reviewed. Patients below 80 years of age and over 80 years were compared using binary logistic regression.

Results:
Of 894 biopsies, 141 (16%) were performed on patients over 80 years of age. Comparison of patients over and below 80 years of age did not differ significantly with regard to lesion size and morphology (P=0.663 and 0.453, respectively), and diagnostic accuracy (P=0.268). Pneumothorax rates were 23% versus 24% (P=0.682), and chest tube insertion was required in 2% of both groups (P=0.924). Hemoptysis rates were 3% versus 2% (P=0.376).

Conclusions:
PTNB is a safe and accurate procedure in patients aged 80 years and older. Complications and diagnostic accuracy are similar to those observed in younger patients.
Short-term Outcomes of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy With D2 Lymphadenectomy to Open Distal Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer (KLASS-02-RCT)
Authors: Lee Hyuk-Joon , Hyung Woo Jin , Yang Han-Kwang , Han Sang Uk , Park Young-Kyu , An Ji Yeong , Kim Wook , Kim Hyoung-Il , Kim Hyung-Ho , Ryu Seung Wan , Hur Hoon , Kong Seong-Ho , Cho Gyu Seok , Kim Jin-Jo , Park Do Joong , Ryu Keun Won , Kim Young Woo , Kim Jong Won , Lee Joo-Ho , Kim Min-Chan 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the short-term outcomes of KLASS-02-RCT, a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) with D2 lymphadenectomy with open distal gastrectomy (ODG).

Summary Background Data:
Although several benefits of laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery have been reported, strong evidence is still limited, especially in locally advanced gastric cancer which requires extensive lymph node dissection.

Methods:
Enrollment criteria included histologically confirmed cT2-4a and N0-1 gastric adenocarcinoma. Thirty-day morbidity, 90-day mortality, postoperative pain, and recovery were compared between LDG and ODG groups.

Results:
A total of 1050 patients were randomly assigned to LDG (n = 526) or ODG group (n = 524) between November 2011 and April 2015. After excluding patients who received bypass or no surgery, 1011 patients were analyzed as actual treatment group. Mean number of totally retrieved lymph nodes was similar in both groups (LDG = 46.6 vs ODG = 47.4, P = 0.451). Early morbidity rate was significantly lower after LDG (16.6%) than after ODG (24.1%; P = 0.003). Postoperative analgesics use and patients’ reported pain score were significantly lower after LDG. First day of flatus was earlier after LDG (3.5 vs 3.7 d, P = 0.025) and postoperative hospital stay was shorter in LDG group (8.1 vs 9.3 d, P = 0.005). Ninety days’ mortality rate was similar in both groups (LDG = 0.4% vs ODG = 0.6%, P = 0.682).

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer shows benefits in terms of lower complication rate, faster recovery, and less pain compared with open surgery.
Updated Alternative Fistula Risk Score (ua-FRS) to Include Minimally Invasive Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Mungroop Timothy H. , Klompmaker Sjors , Wellner Ulrich F. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Coratti Andrea , D’Hondt Mathieu , de Pastena Matteo , Dokmak Safi , Khatkov Igor , Saint-Marc Olivier , Wittel Uwe , Abu Hilal Mohammed , Fuks David , Poves Ignasi , Keck Tobias , Boggi Ugo , Besselink Marc G. 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
The aim of the study was to validate and optimize the alternative Fistula Risk Score (a-FRS) for patients undergoing minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIPD) in a large pan-European cohort.

Background:
MIPD may be associated with an increased risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). The a-FRS could allow for risk-adjusted comparisons in research and improve preventive strategies for high-risk patients. The a-FRS, however, has not yet been validated specifically for laparoscopic, robot-assisted, and hybrid MIPD.

Methods:
A validation study was performed in a pan-European cohort of 952 consecutive patients undergoing MIPD (543 laparoscopic, 258 robot-assisted, 151 hybrid) in 26 centers from 7 countries between 2007 and 2017. The primary outcome was POPF (International Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery grade B/C). Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC; discrimination) and calibration plots. Validation included univariable screening for clinical variables that could improve performance.

Results:
Overall, 202 of 952 patients (21%) developed POPF after MIPD. Before adjustment, the original a-FRS performed moderately (AUC 0.68) and calibration was inadequate with systematic underestimation of the POPF risk. Single-row pancreatojejunostomy (odds ratio 4.6, 95 confidence interval [CI] 2.8–7.6) and male sex (odds ratio 1.9, 95 CI 1.4–2.7) were identified as important risk factors for POPF in MIPD. The updated a-FRS, consisting of body mass index, pancreatic texture, duct size, and male sex, showed good discrimination (AUC 0.75, 95 CI 0.71–0.79) and adequate calibration. Performance was adequate for laparoscopic, robot-assisted, and hybrid MIPD and open pancreatoduodenectomy.

Conclusions:
The updated a-FRS (www.pancreascalculator.com) now includes male sex as a risk factor and is validated for both MIPD and open pancreatoduodenectomy. The increased risk of POPF in laparoscopic MIPD was associated with single-row pancreatojejunostomy, which should therefore be discouraged.
Impact of Postoperative Complications on Survival and Recurrence After Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Dorcaratto Dimitri , Mazzinari Guido , Fernandez Maricarmen , Muñoz Elena , Garcés-Albir Marina , Ortega Joaquin , Sabater Luis 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
To study the effect of postoperative complications (POC) on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

Summary Background Data:
Morbidity rates after liver resection can reach 45%. The negative impact of POC on oncologic outcomes has been reported in various types of cancer, especially colorectal. However, data on the consequences of POC after CRLM resection on long-term survival are scarce.

Methods:
Eligible studies examining the association between POC after CRLM resection and OS/DFS were sought using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effect estimate for OS and DFS hazard ratios (HR), estimating between-study variance with restricted maximum likelihood estimator with Hartung–Knapp adjustment. Subgroup analysis was used to control the effect of POC on OS and DFS for: 1) Method used to define postoperative complications, 2) Exclusion of early postoperative death from survival analysis, 3) Method of data extraction used, and 4) Tumor and treatment characteristics.

Results:
Forty-one studies were deemed eligible, including 12,817 patients. POC patients had a significant risk of reduced OS compared with no POC group (HR 1.43 [95% CI: 1.3, 1.57], P < 0.0001). POC had also a negative impact on DFS. The HR for reduced DFS was 1.38 [95% CI 1.27, 1.49], P < 0.0001. The negative impact of POC on survival and recurrence was confirmed in subgroup analysis.

Conclusions:
Our findings evidence the negative impact of POC on survival and recurrence after CRLM resection.
A smart polymer for sequence-selective binding, pulldown, and release of DNA targets
Authors: Krieg Elisha , Gupta Krishna , Dahl Andreas , Lesche Mathias , Boye Susanne , Lederer Albena , Shih William M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSelective isolation of DNA is crucial for applications in biology, bionanotechnology, clinical diagnostics and forensics. We herein report a smart methanol-responsive polymer (MeRPy) that can be programmed to bind and separate single- as well as double-stranded DNA targets. Captured targets are quickly isolated and released back into solution by denaturation (sequence-agnostic) or toehold-mediated strand displacement (sequence-selective). The latter mode allows 99.8% efficient removal of unwanted sequences and 79% recovery of highly pure target sequences. We applied MeRPy for the depletion of insulin, glucagon, and transthyretin cDNA from clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) libraries. This step improved data quality for low-abundance transcripts in expression profiles of pancreatic tissues. Its low cost, scalability, high stability and ease of use make MeRPy suitable for diverse applications in research and clinical laboratories, including enhancement of NGS libraries, extraction of DNA from biological samples, preparative-scale DNA isolations, and sorting of DNA-labeled non-nucleic acid targets.
A physical mechanism of TANGO1-mediated bulky cargo export
Authors: Raote Ishier , Chabanon Morgan , Walani Nikhil , Arroyo Marino , Garcia-Parajo Maria F. , Malhotra Vivek , Campelo Felix 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transmembrane protein TANGO1 assembles into a ring around COPII subunits at ER exit sites (ERES), and links cytosolic membrane-remodeling machinery, tethers, and ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membranes to procollagens in the ER lumen (Raoteet al., 2018). This arrangement is proposed to create a route for direct transfer of procollagens from ERES to ERGIC membranes via a tunnel. Here, we present a physical model in which TANGO1 forms a linear filament that wraps around COPII lattices at ERES to stabilize the neck of a growing transport intermediate. Importantly, our results show that TANGO1 is able to stabilize ERES-ERGIC opening by regulating ER membrane tension to allow procollagen loading and export from the ER. Altogether, our theoretical approach provides a mechanical framework of TANGO1 as a membrane tension regulator to control procollagen export from the ER.