bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control over the emerging chirality in supramolecular gels and solutions by chiral microvortices in milliseconds
Authors: Sun Jiashu , Li Yike , Yan Fusheng , Liu Chao , Sang Yutao , Tian Fei , Feng Qiang , Duan Pengfei , Zhang Li , Shi Xinghua , Ding Baoquan , Liu Minghua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe origin of homochirality in life is a fundamental mystery. Symmetry breaking and subsequent amplification of chiral bias are regarded as one of the underlying mechanisms. However, the selection and control of initial chiral bias in a spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking process remains a great challenge. Here we show experimental evidences that laminar chiral microvortices generated within asymmetric microchambers can lead to a hydrodynamic selection of initial chiral bias of supramolecular systems composed of exclusively achiral molecules within milliseconds. The self-assembled nuclei with the chirality sign affected by the shear force of enantiomorphic microvortices are subsequently amplified into almost absolutely chirality-controlled supramolecular gels or nanotubes. In contrast, turbulent vortices in stirring cuvettes fail to select the chirality of supramolecular gels. This study reveals that a laminar chiral microflow can induce enantioselection far from equilibrium, and provides an insight on the origin of natural homochirality.
Author Correction: TRPV1 SUMOylation regulates nociceptive signaling in models of inflammatory pain
Authors: Wang Yan , Gao Yingwei , Tian Quan , Deng Qi , Wang Yangbo , Zhou Tian , Liu Qiang , Mei Kaidi , Wang Yingping , Liu Huiqing , Ma Ruining , Ding Yuqiang , Rong Weifang , Cheng Jinke , Yao Jing , Xu Tian-Le , Zhu Michael X. , Li Yong 
Published: June 2018

In the originally published version of this Article, the affiliation details for Yan Wang, Yingwei Gao, Qi Deng, Yangbo Wang, Tian Zhou, Yingping Wang, Huiqing Liu, Ruining Ma, Jinke Cheng and Yong Li incorrectly omitted ‘Shanghai Jiao Tong University’. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.’ Furthermore, the Supplementary Information file originally associated with this Article inadvertently omitted Supplementary Figure 9. The error has now been fixed and the corrected version Supplementary Information PDF is available to download from the HTML version of the Article.
Discovery of coexisting Dirac and triply degenerate magnons in a three-dimensional antiferromagnet
Authors: Bao Song , Wang Jinghui , Wang Wei , Cai Zhengwei , Li Shichao , Ma Zhen , Wang Di , Ran Kejing , Dong Zhao-Yang , Abernathy D. L. , Yu Shun-Li , Wan Xiangang , Li Jian-Xin , Wen Jinsheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTopological magnons are emergent quantum spin excitations featured by magnon bands crossing linearly at the points dubbed nodes, analogous to fermions in topological electronic systems. Experimental realisation of topological magnons in three dimensions has not been reported so far. Here, by measuring spin excitations (magnons) of a three-dimensional antiferromagnet Cu3TeO6 with inelastic neutron scattering, we provide direct spectroscopic evidence for the coexistence of symmetry-protected Dirac and triply degenerate nodes, the latter involving three-component magnons beyond the Dirac–Weyl framework. Our theoretical calculations show that the observed topological magnon band structure can be well described by the linear-spin-wave theory based on a Hamiltonian dominated by the nearest-neighbour exchange interaction J1. As such, we showcase Cu3TeO6 as an example system where Dirac and triply degenerate magnonic nodal excitations coexist, demonstrate an exotic topological state of matter, and provide a fresh ground to explore the topological properties in quantum materials.
The Significance of Interstitial Fibrosis on Left Ventricular Function in Hypertensive versus Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jiang Meng , Wang Zi , Su Xuan , Gong Xingrong , Pu Jun , Wu Lianming , Liu Chang , Yao Qiuying , Kong Lingcong , Xu Jianrong , He Ben 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExtracellular volume (ECV) has been validated as a surrogate measure of interstitial fibrosis, that is increased in both hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (H-LVH) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to explore the correlation between ECV and left ventricular cardiac function. Eighty-one patients with HCM, 44 with H-LVH and 35 controls were prospectively enrolled. Even among patients with normal diastolic function, patients in HCM group had increased- ECV. In terms of diastolic dysfunction (DD), a similar increase in ECV was associated with a larger percentage of patients with severe or moderate-to-severe DD in HCM group. In addition, there was a compensatory increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in HCM, but no hyperdynamic LVEF was observed in H-LVH. ECV was negatively correlated with LVEF in the late gadolinium enhancement (+) (LGE+) subgroups in the H-LVH group, while no significant linear correlation was observed in HCM group. The increased ECV in HCM patients with normal diastolic function warrants further exploration of the prognostic value of ECV assessments in the early stages of HCM. The associations between ECV and left ventricular functional parameters differed and taking both LGE and ECV into account might be reasonable way to differentiate between the two disorders.
Hybrid rf SQUID qubit based on high kinetic inductance
Authors: Peltonen J. T. , Coumou P. C. J. J. , Peng Z. H. , Klapwijk T. M. , Tsai J. S. , Astafiev O. V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report development and microwave characterization of rf SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) qubits, consisting of an aluminium-based Josephson junction embedded in a superconducting loop patterned from a thin film of TiN with high kinetic inductance. Here we demonstrate that the systems can offer small physical size, high anharmonicity, and small scatter of device parameters. The work constitutes a non-tunable prototype realization of an rf SQUID qubit built on the kinetic inductance of a superconducting nanowire, proposed in Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 027002 (2010). The hybrid devices can be utilized as tools to shed further light onto the origin of film dissipation and decoherence in phase-slip nanowire qubits, patterned entirely from disordered superconducting films.
Hexane-Isopropanolic Extract of Tungrymbai, a North-East Indian fermented soybean food prevents hepatic steatosis via regulating AMPK-mediated SREBP/FAS/ACC/HMGCR and PPARα/CPT1A/UCP2 pathways
Authors: Dihingia Anjum , Bordoloi Jijnasa , Dutta Prachurjya , Kalita Jatin , Manna Prasenjit 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study for the first time examined the prophylactic role of Tungrymbai, a well-known fermented soybean food of North-East India, against hepatic steatosis. Treatment with hexane-isopropanolic (2:1, HIET) but not hydro-alcoholic (70% ethanol, HAET) extract dose-dependently (0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 µg/mL) reduced the intracellular lipid accumulation as shown by lower triglyceride levels and both Oil Red O and Nile Red staining in palmitate (PA, 0.75 mM)-treated hepatocytes. Immunobloting, mRNA expression, and knock-down studies demonstrated the role of AMPK-mediated SREBP/FAS/ACC/HMGCR and PPARα/CPT1A/UCP2 signaling pathways in facilitating the beneficial role of HIET against lipid accumulation in PA-treated hepatocytes. Animal studies further showed a positive effect of HIET (20 µg/kg BW, 8 weeks, daily) in regulating AMPK/SREBP/PPARα signaling pathways and reducing body weight gain, plasma lipid levels, and hepatic steatosis in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Histological analyses also revealed the beneficial effect of HIET in reducing hepatic fat accumulation in HFD mice. Chemical profiling (HRMS, IR, and HPLC) demonstrated the presence of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2) as one of the bio-active principle(s) in HIET. Combining all, this study demonstrates the positive effect of HIET on reducing hepatic steatosis via regulating AMPK/SREBP/PPARα signaling pathway.
Tunable directional subwavelength acoustic antenna based on Mie resonance
Authors: Zhang Jin , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractModulating the emission pattern of classic sound sources with a sub-wavelength scale dimension is a challenging. In this letter, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that a Mie-resonance based antenna can be designed in various modes to effectively enhance the emissivity of the radiated power and directivity of radiation pattern. A 2.33-fold enhancement of the radiated power and an 8.93-fold enhancement of the sound intensity are achieved in the mainlobe direction. Furthermore, we propose reconfigurable antenna scanning where the selectable beam direction is free to be controlled from 0° to 360°. The tunable directional acoustic antenna offers a new way to control sound with the improved performance.
Melt-induced buoyancy may explain the elevated rift-rapid sag paradox during breakup of continental plates
Authors: Quirk David G. , Rüpke Lars H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe division of the earth’s surface into continents and oceans is a consequence of plate tectonics but a geological paradox exists at continent-ocean boundaries. Continental plate is thicker and lighter than oceanic plate, floating higher on the mantle asthenosphere, but it can rift apart by thinning and heating to form new oceans. In theory, continental plate subsides in proportion to the amount it is thinned and subsequently by the rate it cools down. However, seismic and borehole data from continental margins like the Atlantic show that the upper surface of many plates remains close to sea-level during rifting, inconsistent with its thickness, and subsides after breakup more rapidly than cooling predicts. Here we use numerical models to investigate the origin and nature of this puzzling behaviour with data from the Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola. We explore an idea where the continental plate is made increasingly buoyant during rifting by melt produced and trapped in the asthenosphere. Using finite element simulation, we demonstrate that partially molten asthenosphere combined with other mantle processes can counteract the subsidence effect of thinning plate, keeping it elevated by 2-3 km until breakup. Rapid subsidence occurs after breakup when melt is lost to the embryonic ocean ridge.
Litter quality drives the differentiation of microbial communities in the litter horizon across an alpine treeline ecotone in the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zheng Haifeng , Chen Yamei , Liu Yang , Zhang Jian , Yang Wanqing , Yang Lin , Li Hongjie , Wang Lifeng , Wu Fuzhong , Guo Li 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCellulose and lignin are the main polymeric components of the forest litter horizon. We monitored microbial community composition using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and investigated the ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzyme activities of the litter horizon across an alpine treeline ecotone in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The activities of ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes and the biomass of microbial PLFAs were higher in the initial stage of litter decomposition than in the latter stage in the three vegetation types (coniferous forest, alpine shrubland and alpine meadow). Soil microbial community structure varied significantly over the course of litter decomposition in the three vegetation types. Furthermore, the BIOENV procedure revealed that the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio, carbon to phosphorus (C:P) ratio and moisture content (MC) were the most important determinants of microbial community structure in the initial stage of litter decomposition, whereas pH and the lignin concentration were the major factors influencing the microbial community structure in the later stage of litter decomposition. These findings indicate that litter quality drives the differentiation of microbial communities in the litter horizon across an alpine treeline ecotone in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
Quantifying hormones in exhaled breath for physiological assessment of large whales at sea
Authors: Burgess Elizabeth A. , Hunt Kathleen E. , Kraus Scott D. , Rolland Rosalind M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExhaled breath analysis is a non-invasive assessment tool that has shown promise in human diagnostics, and could greatly benefit research, management, and conservation of large whales. However, hormone assessment of whale respiratory vapor (blow) has been challenged by variable water content and unknown total volume of collected samples. To advance this technique, we investigated urea (a compound present in narrow range in circulation) as a normalizing factor to correct for blow sample concentration. Normalized progesterone, testosterone, and cortisol concentrations of 100 blow samples from 46 photo-identified North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) were more biologically relevant compared to absolute estimates, varying by sex, age class, or individual. Progesterone was elevated in adult females compared with other cohorts and highest in one independently confirmed pregnant female. For both sexes, testosterone was two-fold higher in reproductively mature whales but studied adult females showed the widest variation. Cortisol was present in relatively low concentrations in blow and demonstrated variation between individual whales, suggesting potential for studies of individual differences in adrenal activity. Incorporation of methodologies that normalize sample concentration are essential for blow hormone analysis of free-swimming whales, and measurement of urea could be used to optimize non-invasive physiological assessment of whales.
Modality-specific temporal constraints for state-dependent interval timing
Authors: Fornaciai Michele , Markouli Eleni , Di Luca Massimiliano 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe ability to discriminate temporal intervals in the milliseconds-to-seconds range has been accounted for by proposing that duration is encoded in the dynamic change of a neuronal network state. A critical limitation of such networks is that their activity cannot immediately return to the initial state, a restriction that could hinder the processing of intervals presented in rapid succession. Empirical evidence in the literature consistently shows impaired duration discrimination performance for 100 ms intervals demarked by short auditory stimuli immediately preceded by a similar interval. Here we tested whether a similar interference is present with longer intervals (300 ms) demarked either by auditory or by visual stimuli. Our results show that while temporal estimates of auditory stimuli in this range are not affected by the interval between them, duration discrimination with this duration is significantly impaired with visual intervals presented in rapid succession. The difference in performance between modalities is overall consistent with state-dependent temporal computations, as it suggests that the limits due to slow neuronal dynamics greatly depends on the sensory modality with which the intervals are demarked, in line with the idea of intrinsic, modality-specific neural mechanisms for interval timing.
Spermine increases acetylation of tubulins and facilitates autophagic degradation of prion aggregates
Authors: Phadwal Kanchan , Kurian Dominic , Salamat Muhammad Khalid F. , MacRae Vicky E. , Diack Abigail B. , Manson Jean C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAutolysosomal dysfunction and unstable microtubules are hallmarks of chronic neurodegenerative diseases associated with misfolded proteins. Investigation of impaired protein quality control and clearance systems could therefore provide an important avenue for intervention. To investigate this we have used a highly controlled model for protein aggregation, an in vitro prion system. Here we report that prion aggregates traffic via autolysosomes in the cytoplasm. Treatment with the natural polyamine spermine clears aggregates by enhancing autolysosomal flux. We demonstrated this by blocking the formation of mature autophagosomes resulting in accumulation of prion aggregates in the cytoplasm. Further we investigated the mechanism of spermine’s mode of action and we demonstrate that spermine increases the acetylation of microtubules, which is known to facilitate retrograde transport of autophagosomes from the cellular periphery to lysosomes located near the nucleus. We further report that spermine facilitates selective autophagic degradation of prion aggregates by binding to microtubule protein Tubb6. This is the first report in which spermine and the pathways regulated by it are applied as a novel approach towards clearance of misfolded prion protein and we suggest that this may have important implication for the broader family of protein misfolding diseases.
Improved recovery time and sensitivity to H2 and NH3 at room temperature with SnOx vertical nanopillars on ITO
Authors: D’Arsié L. , Alijani V. , Brunelli S. T. Suran , Rigoni F. , Di Santo G. , Caputo M. , Panighel M. , Freddi S. , Sangaletti L. , Goldoni A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNanostructured SnO2 is a promising material for the scalable production of portable gas sensors. To fully exploit their potential, these gas sensors need a faster recovery rate and higher sensitivity at room temperature than the current state of the art. Here we demonstrate a chemiresistive gas sensor based on vertical SnOx nanopillars, capable of sensing < 5 ppm of H2 at room temperature and 10 ppt at 230 °C. We test the sample both in vacuum and in air and observe an exceptional improvement in the performance compared to commercially available gas sensors. In particular, the recovery time for sensing NH3 at room temperature is more than one order of magnitude faster than a commercial SnO2 sensor. The sensor shows an unique combination of high sensitivity and fast recovery time, matching the requirements on materials expected to foster widespread use of portable and affordable gas sensors.
Estimating missing values in China’s official socioeconomic statistics using progressive spatiotemporal Bayesian hierarchical modeling
Authors: Song Chao , Yang Xiu , Shi Xun , Bo Yanchen , Wang Jinfeng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDue to a large number of missing values, both spatially and temporally, China has not published a complete official socioeconomic statistics dataset at the county level, which is the country’s basic scale of official statistics data collection. We developed a procedure to impute the missing values under the Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework. The procedure incorporates two novelties. First, it takes into account spatial autocorrelations and temporal trends for those easier-to-impute variables with small missing percentages. Second, it further uses the first-step complete variables as covariate information to improve the modeling of more-difficult-to-impute variables with large missing percentages. We applied this progressive spatiotemporal (PST) method to China’s official socioeconomic statistics during 2002–2011 and compared it with four other widely used imputation methods, including k-nearest neighbors (kNN), expectation maximum (EM), singular value decomposition (SVD) and random forest (RF). The results show that the PST method outperforms these methods, thus proving the effects of sophisticatedly incorporating the additional spatial and temporal information and progressively utilizing the covariate information. This study has an outcome that allows China to construct a complete socioeconomic dataset and establishes a methodology that can be generally useful for estimating missing values in large spatiotemporal datasets.
Examining the utility of the CD64 index compared with other conventional indices for early diagnosis of neonatal infection
Authors: Tang Zongsheng , Qin Daojian , Tao Mingfen , Lv Kun , Chen Shuli , Zhu Xiaolong , Li Xueqin , Chen Tianbing , Zhang Mengying , Zhong Min , Yang Hui , Xu Yang , Mao Shuanggen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs specific clinical manifestations and detection tools for early neonatal infections are lacking, early detection and treatment are ongoing challenges. The present study aimed to investigate the role and clinical significance of the CD64 index in comparison with conventional examination indices (WBC, PCT and CRP) for the early diagnosis of neonatal infection. Of 74 in-patient newborns, non-sepsis (non-specific infection but free of sepsis), sepsis and control [newborns with ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABOHDN) but without infection] groups involved 32, 16 and 26 cases, respectively. Peripheral blood WBC, PCT, CRP and CD64 indices were acquired for all groups. The sepsis group showed significantly higher WBC, PCT and CRP levels than the control group. Compared with the non-sepsis group, the sepsis group demonstrated significant increases in PCT but not in WBC or CRP. Compared with the control group, the non-sepsis and sepsis groups had higher CD64 indices. Combined, compared with the WBC, PCT and CRP indices, the CD64 index is unique in its capacity to diagnose neonatal infections early. The CD64 index combined with other conventional indices may lay a basis for the future early diagnosis and effective treatment of neonatal infections.
New βN-octadecanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamide: antinociceptive effect and possible mechanism of action in mice
Authors: Giorno Thais Biondino Sardella , Moreira Iris Gonçalvez da Silva , Rezende Claudia Moraes , Fernandes Patricia Dias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe present study examined the potential antinociceptive activity of C18 5-HT (βN-octadecanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamide) using chemical and thermal nociception models in mice. Orally administered C18 5-HT (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) produced significant dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in formalin-, capsaicin- and glutamate-induced licking models. This compound also induced a significant increase in the response to thermal stimuli in the hot plate test, and its antinociceptive effect was not related to muscle relaxant or sedative actions. In a thermal hyperalgesia model, C18 5-HT presented an anti-hyperalgesic profile as evidenced by the increase in the response time of the animals. Furthermore, intraperitoneal (i.p) pretreatment with naloxone (a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg), ondansetron (serotoninergic receptor antagonist (5-HT3 subtype), 0.5 mg/kg) or AM241 (CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg) reversed the antinociceptive effects of C18 5-HT in the hot plate model. In the formalin-induced licking model, pretreatment with naloxone reversed the antinociceptive effects of C18 5-HT, as demonstrated by an increase in the paw licking response when compared with the C18 5-HT-treated group. These findings suggest that C18 5-HT has peripheral and central antinociceptive effects and that its mechanism of action involves, ate least in part, opioid, serotoninergic and cannabinoid pathways.