bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV regulated star formation in high-redshift galaxies
Authors: Latif Muhammad A , Khochfar Sadegh 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The first galaxies forming a few hundred million years after the big bang are the key drivers of cosmic evolution and ideal laboratories to study theories of galaxy formation. We here study the role of UV radiation in suppressing star formation in primordial galaxies by destroying molecular hydrogen, the main coolant in primordial gas, and provide estimates of cold dense gas at the onset of star formation. To accomplish this goal, we perform three-dimensional cosmological simulations of minihaloes in different environments forming at z ∼ 25 by varying strength of background UV flux below the Lyman limit between 0.01–1000 in units of $\rm J_{21}=10^{-21}\, erg \,cm^{-2} \,s^{-1} \,Hz^{-1} \,sr^{-1}$. Particularly, we include photodetachment of $\rm H^-$, the self-shielding of $\rm H_2$, which both were neglected in previous studies and use updated reaction rates. Our results show that depending on the background level $\rm H_2$ formation is suppressed, delaying gravitational collapse until haloes reach the atomic cooling limit. We find that the formation of cold dense molecular gas and subsequently star formation gets delayed by 100–230 Myr depending on the level of the background radiation and the growth history of the dark matter haloes. The fraction of dense self-shielded gas is a strong function of the background flux and exponentially declines with the strength of incident UV flux above $\rm J_{21} \ge 1$. We find that taking into account $\rm H_2$ self-shielding is crucial for accurately estimating the amount of cold dense gas available for star formation.
Galaxy Zoo: probabilistic morphology through Bayesian CNNs and active learning
Authors: Walmsley Mike , Smith Lewis , Lintott Chris , Gal Yarin , Bamford Steven , Dickinson Hugh , Fortson Lucy , Kruk Sandor , Masters Karen , Scarlata Claudia , Simmons Brooke , Smethurst Rebecca , Wright Darryl 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We use Bayesian convolutional neural networks and a novel generative model of Galaxy Zoo volunteer responses to infer posteriors for the visual morphology of galaxies. Bayesian CNN can learn from galaxy images with uncertain labels and then, for previously unlabelled galaxies, predict the probability of each possible label. Our posteriors are well-calibrated (e.g. for predicting bars, we achieve coverage errors of 11.8 per cent within a vote fraction deviation of 0.2) and hence are reliable for practical use. Further, using our posteriors, we apply the active learning strategy BALD to request volunteer responses for the subset of galaxies which, if labelled, would be most informative for training our network. We show that training our Bayesian CNNs using active learning requires up to 35–60 per cent fewer labelled galaxies, depending on the morphological feature being classified. By combining human and machine intelligence, Galaxy zoo will be able to classify surveys of any conceivable scale on a time-scale of weeks, providing massive and detailed morphology catalogues to support research into galaxy evolution.
On the size of the CO-depletion radius in the IRDC G351.77−0.51
Authors: Sabatini G , Giannetti A , Bovino S , Brand J , Leurini S , Schisano E , Pillai T , Menten K M 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
An estimate of the degree of CO-depletion (fD) provides information on the physical conditions occurring in the innermost and densest regions of molecular clouds. A key parameter in these studies is the size of the depletion radius, i.e. the radius within which the C-bearing species, and in particular CO, are largely frozen on to dust grains. A strong depletion state (i.e. fD &gt; 10, as assumed in our models) is highly favoured in the innermost regions of dark clouds, where the temperature is &lt;20 K and the number density of molecular hydrogen exceeds a few × 104 cm−3. In this work, we estimate the size of the depleted region by studying the Infrared Dark Cloud (IRDC) G351.77−0.51. Continuum observations performed with the Herschel Space Observatory and the LArge APEX BOlometer CAmera, together with APEX C18O and C17O J = 2→1 line observations, allowed us to recover the large-scale beam- and line-of-sight-averaged depletion map of the cloud. We built a simple model to investigate the depletion in the inner regions of the clumps in the filament and the filament itself. The model suggests that the depletion radius ranges from 0.02 to 0.15 pc, comparable with the typical filament width (i.e. ∼0.1 pc). At these radii, the number density of H2 reaches values between 0.2 and 5.5 × 105 cm−3. These results provide information on the approximate spatial scales on which different chemical processes operate in high-mass star-forming regions and also suggest caution when using CO for kinematical studies in IRDCs.
The glucocorticoid receptor interferes with progesterone receptor-dependent genomic regulation in breast cancer cells
Authors: Ogara Maria F , Rodríguez-Seguí Santiago A , Marini Melisa , Nacht Ana Silvina , Stortz Martin , Levi Valeria , Presman Diego M , Vicent Guillermo P , Pecci Adali 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors (GR and PR) are closely related members of the steroid receptor family. Despite sharing similar structural and functional characteristics; the cognate hormones display very distinct physiological responses. In mammary epithelial cells, PR activation is associated with the incidence and progression of breast cancer, whereas the GR is related to growth suppression and differentiation. Despite their pharmacological relevance, only a few studies have compared GR and PR activities in the same system. Using a PR+/GR+ breast cancer cell line, here we report that either glucocorticoid-free or dexamethasone (DEX)-activated GR inhibits progestin-dependent gene expression associated to epithelial-mesenchymal-transition and cell proliferation. When both receptors are activated with their cognate hormones, PR and GR can form part of the same complex according to co-immunoprecipitation, quantitative microscopy and sequential ChIP experiments. Moreover, genome-wide studies in cells treated with either DEX or R5020, revealed the presence of several regions co-bound by both receptors. Surprisingly, GR also binds novel genomic sites in cells treated with R5020 alone. This progestin-induced GR binding was enriched in REL DNA motifs and located close to genes coding for chromatin remodelers. Understanding GR behavior in the context of progestin-dependent breast cancer could provide new targets for tumor therapy.
CRISPRCasdb a successor of CRISPRdb containing CRISPR arrays and cas genes from complete genome sequences, and tools to download and query lists of repeats and spacers
Authors: Pourcel Christine , Touchon Marie , Villeriot Nicolas , Vernadet Jean-Philippe , Couvin David , Toffano-Nioche Claire , Vergnaud Gilles 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn Archaea and Bacteria, the arrays called CRISPRs for ‘clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats’ and the CRISPR associated genes or cas provide adaptive immunity against viruses, plasmids and transposable elements. Short sequences called spacers, corresponding to fragments of invading DNA, are stored in-between repeated sequences. The CRISPR–Cas systems target sequences homologous to spacers leading to their degradation. To facilitate investigations of CRISPRs, we developed 12 years ago a website holding the CRISPRdb. We now propose CRISPRCasdb, a completely new version giving access to both CRISPRs and cas genes. We used CRISPRCasFinder, a program that identifies CRISPR arrays and cas genes and determine the system's type and subtype, to process public whole genome assemblies. Strains are displayed either in an alphabetic list or in taxonomic order. The database is part of the CRISPR-Cas++ website which also offers the possibility to analyse submitted sequences and to download programs. A BLAST search against lists of repeats and spacers extracted from the database is proposed. To date, 16 990 complete prokaryote genomes (16 650 bacteria from 2973 species and 340 archaea from 300 species) are included. CRISPR–Cas systems were found in 36% of Bacteria and 75% of Archaea strains. CRISPRCasdb is freely accessible at https://crisprcas.i2bc.paris-saclay.fr/.
Usefulness of Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test for Prediction of Adverse Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Thoracolumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Komodikis Gregoris , Gannamani Vedavyas , Neppala Sivaram , Li Michael , Merli Geno J , Harrop James S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Spine surgery rates have increased and the high postoperative morbidity in these patients result in increased costs. Consequently, it is essential to identify patients at risk of adverse outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether preoperative Timed Up and Go (TUG) test performance can predict high-grade postoperative complications.

METHODS
A prospective cohort study of patients undergoing elective thoracolumbar spine surgery in a tertiary care hospital between 2017 and 2018. Patients were assessed preoperatively and assigned to the slow-TUG group if unable to perform or test performance time was ≥18.4 s. Primary outcome: high-grade postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes: overall complications, length of stay (LOS), discharge to healthcare facility, readmission and emergency department (ED) presentation. Patients were followed-up until 6 wk after surgery.

RESULTS
One hundred three patients (mean age 62.95 ± 10.97 yr) were enrolled. Slow-TUG group were more likely to be classified as American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) class 3 (74.1% vs 47.4%, P = .02), non-independent (25.9% vs 5.3%, P < .01), and frail (92.3% vs 42.1%, P < .01). TUG was an independent predictor of high-grade complications (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 4.97, 95% CI: 1.18-22.47), overall complications (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.33-11.81), discharge to a skilled-nursing facility (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.00-10.70), readmission within 6 wk of surgery (OR: 9.14, 95% CI: 2.39-41.26) and LOS (adjusted incident rate ratio (IRR): 1.45, 95% CI: 1.16-1.80).

CONCLUSION
Compared to traditional risk factors, TUG is an important predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes and may be used preoperatively to identify high-risk thoracolumbar surgery patients.
Connectedness Based on Shared Engagement Predicts Remote Biochemically Verified Quit Status Within Smoking Cessation Treatment Groups on Facebook
Authors: Meacham Meredith C , Liang Ou Stella , Zhao Mengnan , Yang Christopher C , Thrul Johannes , Ramo Danielle E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Engagement with online content and online social network integration are associated with smoking behavior change, but less is known about social dynamics of shared engagement between participants in group-based social media interventions.

Methods
Participants were 251 young adult smokers aged 18 to 25 assigned to one of 29 secret Facebook groups tailored to their readiness to quit smoking (“pre-contemplation,” “contemplation,” and “preparation”). Groups varied in size and were randomly assigned to receive monetary incentives for engagement. All groups received daily posts for 90 days and were assessed for remote biochemically verified smoking abstinence at the end of the intervention. Across 29 groups, we examined associations between group features (group size, incentive condition, readiness to quit) with how connected members were within the group based on shared engagement with the same content (measured by density). At the individual level, we examined associations between 7-day biochemically verified smoking abstinence and how connected an individual was within the group (measured by degree centrality).

Results
After adjusting for comment volume, being in a contemplation group (vs. pre-contemplation group) was associated with a decrease in comment-based density. Individual degree centrality was significantly associated with biochemically verified smoking abstinence for both comments and likes.

Conclusions
Future group-based social media interventions for smoking cessation may want to focus on promoting connected engagement between participants, rather than simply quantity of engagement.

Implications
Participants in a smoking cessation intervention delivered through Facebook groups were more likely to have biochemically verified smoking abstinence if they were more connected to the rest of the group via shared engagement. Promoting shared engagement between participants may be more likely to promote behavior change than volume of engagement alone.
Changes in Body Mass Index and Atherosclerotic Disease Risk Score After Switching From Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide
Authors: Schafer Jason J , Sassa Kaitlin N , O’Connor Jaclyn R , Shimada Ayako , Keith Scott W , DeSimone Joseph A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) can improve renal function and bone mineral density in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). The switch can also negatively influence cholesterol, but changes in body mass index (BMI) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk are unknown.

Methods
This retrospective observational study evaluated BMI and ASCVD risk score changes in virologically suppressed PWH who switched from TDF to TAF without switching other ART regimen components. Adults on TDF for ≥1 year with 2 consecutive HIV ribonucleic acid values &lt;200 copies/mL before a TAF switch were included. Body weight, BMI, cholesterol, and ASCVD risk score were collected for the year before and after the switch. Pre- and postswitch values were compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Changes in BMI and ASCVD scores were modeled using generalized estimating equations regression.

Results
One hundred ten patients were included. In unadjusted analyses, there were significant increases in weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and ASCVD risk score in the year after switching from TDF to TAF (each P ≤ .01). In regression models, switching from TDF to TAF was associated with a 0.45 kg/m2 increase in BMI (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–0.76) and a 13% increase in ASCVD risk score (95% CI, 4%–23%).

Conclusions
We observed significant BMI and ASCVD score increases in PWH 1 year after switching from TDF to TAF. The mechanism of changes is unclear and requires additional study.
Semiotics of Homonationalism
Authors: Lazar Michelle M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses homonationalism as an analytical concept, which was developed originally to describe how queer identities get mobilized instrumentally to align with neoliberal agendas of nation-states. The chapter also discusses how this concept has been harnessed in newer ways to “do” a tactical politics of resistance by queer movements in illiberal contexts. Studies from the social sciences, broadly, and sociolinguistics, particularly, are presented, with a focus on how homonationalism as a discourse is semiotically construed in particular contexts. A detailed case study involving the Pink Dot movement in Singapore demonstrates the semiosis of homonationalism (in the sense of a resistive politics), through the multi- and inter-semiotic co-deployment of spoken and written language, color, visual images, photographic footages, symbols, music, and represented urban landscapes and embodiment cues. The chapter concludes by highlighting homonationalism as a complex analytical site at which queer politics can get done as well as undone.
Reconstructing Women’s History in Antiquity
Authors: Kraemer Ross S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the practical and theoretical challenges to writing women’s history, particularly for the period in which Christianity begins. It explores problems of definition and the conjunction of the terms “history,” “women,” and “Christian.” It surveys the surviving data, including literary sources composed by women (or not), literary sources composed by men, documentary evidence, inscriptions, and legal materials, with an eye to both ancient women’s history in general and early Christian women specifically. The chapter concludes that, in spite of the enormous challenges, to abandon the effort to do this work is ethically problematic, in that it reproduces, reauthorizes, and reinscribes the exclusion of women from historical memory.
Hellenistic Philosophy and Literature
Authors: Fredrickson David E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter situates New Testament writings about women, men, and sex within the ancient conflict between philosophers and poets over erotic desire. While philosophers thought desire could be tamed by subordinating it to the system of household management (oikonomia), poets wrote of its unavoidably “limb-loosening” and “melting” effects. Reflecting the philosophers’ construction of gender, the ideal male according to Ephesians, the Pastoral Epistles, and 1 Peter is self-controlled, and women are thought to be by nature insatiable in dress, speech, and sex. Echoing poetry’s fear of and attraction to eros with its power to cast its victims into liminal spaces, the Paul of the genuine letters both challenges philosophy’s binary construction of gender and repeats it.
Roman Imperial Culture
Authors: Lopez Davina C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses several aspects of Roman imperial culture that offer resonances with the study of the New Testament. Herein several gendered and sexualized tropes of Roman imperial ideology, which serve to discursively naturalize power relationships and differences in hierarchy, are considered. These include the impenetrable manliness of the Roman emperor, the link between military conquest and sexual violence and feminization of conquered barbarian “others,” and the characterization of the Roman Empire as an endlessly fertile family. Special attention is given to the rhetorical and representational dimensions of Roman imperial culture, and particular emphasis is afforded to visual representation. Finally, the article considers several areas wherein the intersection of gender, sexuality, Roman imperial culture, and the study of the New Testament might further be explored.
Mary, the Mother of Jesus
Authors: Foskett Mary F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The history of the interpretation of Mary, the mother of Jesus, in the New Testament reflects the shifting questions and expanding methods that have shaped the field of biblical studies. As historical criticism has led to or been supplemented by feminist, gender, and contextual modes of analysis, the interpretation of Mary has brought matters pertaining to gender and sexuality increasingly to light. Mary’s footprint in the New Testament has been, of course, greatly outpaced by her role in Christian imagination. Whether querying the meaning and significance of Mary’s virginity or her portrayal as a mother, at stake in her interpretation is the construction of gender and sexuality itself.
Sophia
Authors: Cahana-Blum Jonathan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses how convictions about gender and sexuality (both at the divine and at the social level) have been instrumental to the ways early Christians addressed the divine Sophia myth. Strongly gendered and idealized already in the Hebrew Bible, the personified feminine Sophia undergoes a process of masculinization and further idealization in Jewish writings of the Second Temple Period. Somewhat paradoxically, this appears to culminate in her (almost) complete effacement from the New Testament or her replacement with the masculine Logos. Yet in Christian gnostic writings of the second century, Sophia returns with a vengeance: more feminine than ever, by now she is both more powerful than the God of the Hebrew Bible and no longer idealized as an unequivocally positive figure. It is argued that with a careful application of feminist critique, a more thorough understanding of the Sophia myth and its possible theological implications can be reached.
Marriage, Adultery, and Divorce
Authors: Knust Jennifer W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As an institution, marriage legislates and enforces the dissemination and protection of property, sorting between the categories “legitimate” and “illegitimate.” Instructions regarding marriage, adultery, and divorce in various New Testament books confirm these general insights; though a majority of the writers recommend celibacy and singleness over the formation of households, the role of marriage in distributing property, cementing genealogical connections, and promoting honor and status was taken for granted. Conversant with contemporary marriage customs as well as with Septuagint metaphors and legal proscriptions, the New Testament writers presented their teachings on marriage, adultery, and divorce as distinctive and yet traditional. Even so, their presentations of Jesus’s teachings and God’s purposes did not necessarily agree. New Testament books reveal a lively internal discussion about the implications of faith in Jesus for household arrangements, inheritance rights, sexual practices, and kinship.
Celibacy and Virginity
Authors: Lipsett B. Diane 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Several of the earliest Christian texts about celibacy and virginity introduce a kind of instability with respect to their social application. If marriage, sexual relations, and reproduction are renounced, even by some, unclear consequences emerge for the insistently patriarchal social norms of antiquity and for social relations within communities of believers in Jesus. Exhortations to renunciation also raise questions about sexual practice itself: what is it about sex that makes some abjure it? They also provoke new ways of envisioning and theologizing the body, gender, and sexual difference. In the earliest Christian texts, as in an array of ancient Greco-Roman texts that help contextualize and refine analysis of the Christian writings, “virgin” and “celibate” may be at once or alternately designations of embodied states, terms for social roles and choices, or evocative figures of speech bearing surplus associations.
Violence
Authors: Stratton Kimberly B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Violence nestles cozily and intimately at the very heart of the Christian story. From the execution of a Jewish man named Jesus through the Pauline letters, passion narratives, and martyrologies, violence appears at the crux of what came to define Christianity for many in the ancient world, and plays a central role in soteriological ideas that distinguished Christianity from neighboring belief systems at a very early date. This story of violence is intimately connected to one of power and empire, collective identity, and narrative. As so many scholars have shown, it is also embedded in discourses of gender—concerns about the relationship between gender, power, and authority weave themselves through early Christian writings, both canonical and extracanonical. This chapter interrogates the associations and implications of violence and gender in what came to be regarded as early Christian writings, including some that were eventually rejected as heretical by the imperially sanctioned church.