bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel salt-tolerant genotype illuminates the sucrose gene evolution in freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Tanabe Yuuhiko , Yamaguchi Haruyo , Sano Tomoharu , Kawachi Masanobu 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Microcystis aeruginosa is a water bloom-forming cyanobacterium found in fresh and brackish water ecosystems worldwide. Previously, we showed that several instances of M. aeruginosa bloom in brackish water can be explained by the proliferation of salt-tolerant M. aeruginosa strains harboring genes for a compatible solute sucrose. However, evolutionary history of sucrose genes in M. aeruginosa remains unclear because salt-tolerant strains have been poorly described. Here, we characterized a novel salt-tolerant strain of M. aeruginosa (NIES-4325) isolated from the brackish water of Lake Abashiri, Japan. A whole-genome analysis of M. aeruginosa NIES-4325 identified genes for sucrose synthesis (sppA, spsA and susA). Quantitative sucrose and gene expression analyses suggested that sucrose is implicated in acclimation to high salt in NIES-4325. Notably, the sucrose genes of M. aeruginosa are monophyletic, yet sucrose genes of NIES-4325 are highly divergent from those of other salt-tolerant M. aeruginosa strains. This suggests an early sucrose gene import into M. aeruginosa from other cyanobacteria, followed by multiple losses during intraspecific diversification. One of a few survivors of salt-tolerant strains is a likely donor of recent horizontal spreads of sucrose genes across M. aeruginosa lineages.
Older Adults Show Diminished Sensitivity to Potential Losses in Social Bargaining
Authors: Huang Yi , Chai Jingwen , Feng Lei , Yu Rongjun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Leaders in many organizations are older adults who routinely make decisions in social bargaining situations. However, we know little about the age-related differences in strategic decision making.

Methods
In the current study (n = 182), using a modified Prisoner’s Dilemma game (PDG), we examined two important intrinsic motivations for non-cooperation: fear of betrayal and greedy desire to exploit other people among young and older Chinese Singaporeans.

Results
Results showed that compared with young adults, older adults demonstrated an intact greed motive but a diminished fear motive in the PDG.

Discussion
Our findings suggest a diminished sensitivity to social threat or potential losses due to betrayal in older adults’ social decision making. Older adults may have a declined ability to assess social threats even though they retain the motivation to gain an exploitive advantage.
Data-driven regularization of Wasserstein barycenters with an application to multivariate density registration
Authors: Bigot Jérémie , Cazelles Elsa , Papadakis Nicolas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe present a framework to simultaneously align and smoothen data in the form of multiple point clouds sampled from unknown densities with support in a $d$-dimensional Euclidean space. This work is motivated by applications in bioinformatics where researchers aim to automatically homogenize large datasets to compare and analyze characteristics within a same cell population. Inconveniently, the information acquired is most certainly noisy due to misalignment caused by technical variations of the environment. To overcome this problem, we propose to register multiple point clouds by using the notion of regularized barycenters (or Fréchet mean) of a set of probability measures with respect to the Wasserstein metric. The first approach consists in penalizing a Wasserstein barycenter with a convex functional as recently proposed in [5]. The second strategy is to transform the Wasserstein metric itself into an entropy regularized transportation cost between probability measures as introduced in [12]. The main contribution of this work is to propose data-driven choices for the regularization parameters involved in each approach using the Goldenshluger–Lepski’s principle. Simulated data sampled from Gaussian mixtures are used to illustrate each method, and an application to the analysis of flow cytometry data is finally proposed. This way of choosing of the regularization parameter for the Sinkhorn barycenter is also analyzed through the prism of an oracle inequality that relates the error made by such data-driven estimators to the one of an ideal estimator.
Constructibility and Reflexivity in Non-Archimedean geometry
Authors: Gaisin Ildar , Welliaveetil John 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We introduce a notion of constructibility for étale sheaves with torsion coefficients over a suitable class of adic spaces. This notion is related to the classical notion of constructibility for schemes via the nearby cycles functor. We use the work of R. Huber to define an adic Verdier dual and investigate the extent to which we have a six-functor formalism in this context. As an application, we show that the nearby cycles functor commutes with lower shriek. Lastly, we attempt to classify those sheaves that are reflexive with respect to the adic Verdier dual.
Decentering the Self, Seeing Like the Other: Toward a Postcolonial Approach to Ontological Security
Authors: Untalan Carmina Yu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article advances a critical outlook on dominant interpretations of ontological security in international relations. It suggests that the preoccupation with state- and identity-centric analyses diminishes the value of the Other to an archetype of ontological insecurity and a source of ontological insecurity for the Self. It argues that seeing ontological security from the postcolonial perspective expands the self-referential understanding of ontological security to a Self-Other relation of mutual coexistence. To do so, the article proposes a framework that loosely intersects Giddens’ work on late modernity with postcolonial notions of interstitiality and hybridity. Postcolonial ontological security foregrounds the emergence of a “third hybrid Other” from an ontologically insecure status through three interrelated conditions of reflexivity, resourcefulness, and resistance. It aims to shed light on creative, nondestructive ways of confronting ontological insecurity and to encourage a view of the postcolonial Other as a learning source for the Self. These arguments are illustrated with the case of Okinawan “Otherness” vis-à-vis the US and Japanese selves, with particular attention to antimilitary base movements.
The “Enemization” of Criminal Law? An Inquiry into the Sociology of a Legal Doctrine and its Political and Moral Underpinnings
Authors: Linhardt Dominique , Moreau de Bellaing Cédric 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe fight against terrorism has undergone major changes over the past thirty years. These changes have often been interpreted as a manifestation of “exceptionalism,” a trend that should be criticized for undermining the rule of law. We agree with this diagnosis but want to take a further step by acknowledging that this critical relationship to developments in counterterrorism is an integral part of the social processes to be studied. To this end, our approach places knowledge production at the heart of the scientific study of the fight against terrorism. We aim to understand how the so-called enemy criminal law—a legal dogmatic undertaking that has been used in various settings to reflect on the issue of counterterrorism—has gradually evolved from an objectivist analysis to a critical resource, without its axiomatics having fundamentally changed. With the help of what, in France, is called the “sociologie des épreuves,” we show that this transformation has been achieved through the confrontation of the doctrine with different sociopolitical contexts. We aim to document and help explain this unique trajectory from a sociology of knowledge perspective.
The Schools of Thought Problem in International Relations
Authors: Grieco Joseph M 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany scholars are dissatisfied with the tendency of research and teaching in the field of international relations to be framed as clashes among competing schools of thought. I examine two prominent options for reform that relate to the schools and offer one element of an alternative path forward. The first option, which I term analytical singularism, calls for the abandonment of the IR schools and their replacement with a single, uniform framework for the study of international relations. By virtue of a constricted ontology and partialist epistemology, this option is plagued by omitted variable bias and underspecified modeling of important international processes. The second option, analytical eclecticism, suggests that improved IR studies might emerge from the consideration of interactions between causal factors that are drawn from the different IR schools of thought. Analytical eclecticism holds promise but faces serious challenges arising from its preference for qualitative methods and context-specific epistemology. I then outline a process of collaborative challenges between adherents of the different IR schools as one way by which we might advance research in international relations.
Novel staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type XIV (5A) and a truncated SCCmec element in SCC composite islands carrying speG in ST5 MRSA in Japan
Authors: Urushibara Noriko , Aung Meiji Soe , Kawaguchiya Mitsuyo , Kobayashi Nobumichi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements are highly diverse and have been classified into 13 types. The arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) is an SCC-like element harbouring an arginine deiminase pathway gene cluster (ACME-arc). ACME type I (ACME I), additionally including a spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase gene (speG), is considered to have contributed to the rapid spread of the most successful MRSA clone, USA300.

Objectives
To characterize the SCC composite islands (SCC-CIs) in ST5 MRSA positive for both ACME-arc and speG.

Methods
Three ST5 MRSA strains (SC640, SC792 and SC955) collected in Hokkaido, Japan were subjected to WGS and the SCC-CIs were determined.

Results
The SCC-CIs consisted of four (SC640 and SC792) or three (SC955) SCC/SCC-like elements and commonly harboured both an ACME type II′ and an SCC encoding speG. These SCC-CIs appear to mimic ACME I in USA300, in that they are equipped with ACME-arc and speG. The SCC-CIs of SC640 and SC792 contained novel SCCmec/SCCmec-like elements at the 3′ end, whereas SC955 contained SCCmec type V. The SCCmec of SC792 carried mec complex A and ccrC1, which was determined to be novel and designated as SCCmec type XIV (5A). SC640 harboured an SCCmec-like element derived from SCCmec type XIV. It lacked most of the downstream region of the mec complex, including the left chromosomal attachment site (SCCmec XIV Δkdp/DR-L), and lost its capability for chromosomal excision, suggesting that the mecA gene is immobilized on the chromosome.

Conclusions
These findings provide evidence for increasing complexity of SCC-CIs.
Systematic Review and Expert Consensus on the Use of Orthoses (Splints and Casts) with Adults and Children after Burn Injury to Determine Practice Guidelines
Authors: Parry Ingrid S , Schneider Jeffrey C , Yelvington Miranda , Sharp Patricia , Serghiou Michael , Ryan Colleen M , Richardson Elizabeth , Pontius Kara , Niszczak Jonathan , McMahon Margaret , MacDonald Lori E , Lorello David , Kehrer Catherine Knox , Godleski Matthew , Forbes Lisa , Duch Sarah , Crump Donna , Chouinard Annick , Calva Valerie , Bills Sara , Benavides Lynne , Acharya Hernish J , De Oliveira Ana , Boruff Jill , Nedelec Bernadette 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The objective of this review was to systematically evaluate the available literature addressing the use of orthoses (splints and casts) with adult and pediatric burn survivors and determine whether practice guidelines could be proposed. This review provides evidence-based recommendations specifically for rehabilitation professionals who are responsible for burn survivor rehabilitation. A summary recommendation was made after the literature was retrieved using a systematic review and critical appraisal by multiple authors. The level of evidence of the literature was determined in accordance with the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine criteria. Due to the low level of evidence in the available literature, only one practice guideline could be recommended: orthotic use should be considered as a treatment choice for improving range of motion or reducing contracture in adults who have sustained a burn injury. To address the rehabilitation-specific gaps found in the literature regarding orthotic use in burn rehabilitation and provide guidance to clinicians, a formal expert consensus exercise was conducted as a final step to the project. The resultant manuscript provides a summary of the literature regarding orthotic use with burn patients, one practice guideline, proposed orthotic terminology and additional practice recommendations based on expert opinion. The limitations in the current literature are also discussed, and suggestions are made for future studies in the area of orthotic use after burn injury.
Nests placements and spawning in the endangered horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus (Leach, 1819) (Merostomata: Xiphosurida: Limulidae) in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Faridah , Mohd Sofa Muhd Fawwaz Afham , Manca Azwarfarid , Ismail Noraznawati , Che Cob Zaidi , Ahmad Amirrudin B 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Horseshoe crab populations are declining worldwide, and Tachypleus tridentatus (Leach, 1819) has recently been classified as Endangered in the IUCN Redlist. Among the keys for species survival is successful reproduction. Although there are reports on the reproduction, particularly details on the spawning behaviour, of the American species, Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus, 1758), information on Southeast Asia species is very scant. This field study reports the nesting activities of T. tridentatus at Jambongan Island, Sabah, Malaysia. Observation were carried out on 16 spawning pairs that were spotted during full and new moon from April-July 2016 in Sabah. Nest placements, number of nests, number of eggs, time spent at each nest, and nest widths, depth, and distance from the highest tide line were recorded for each pair. Tachypleus tridentatus generally laid an average of 967 ± 54.1 eggs/nest (171–2,282) in as many as nine nests on the intertidal zone between 125 and 940 cm from the highest tide. The first nest was dug once the tide began rising, followed by the consecutive nests towards the highest tide line with nest depths ranging between 13 and 22 cm. The complete spawning session (first nest to the last) ended in less than two hours. Time spent in spawning correlates positively with the number of nests and the total number of eggs laid by each spawning female. The spawning area, which is made up mainly by fine and medium-size sediment grains, also experience stable temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen conducive for egg-laying and larval development for successful reproduction. The details of spawning are important for planning successful future conservation initiatives for the species, especially in tropical regions.
Previous Aphid Infestation Induces Different Expression Profiles of Genes Associated with Hormone-Dependent Responses in Near-Isogenic Winter Wheat Lines
Authors: Luo Kun , Yao Xin-Jian , Luo Chen , Hu Xiang-Shun , Hu Zu-Qing , Zhang Gai-Sheng , Zhao Hui-Yan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHormone-dependent responses in host plants induced by herbivore infestation have species-specific effects. This study focused on determining the relative expression profiles of the genes associated with hormone-dependent pathways in two near-isogenic wheat lines when attacked by cereal aphids. Infestation with Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and/or Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae) significantly upregulated the expression of marker genes related to the salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent pathways in the tested lines. In the resistant line 35-E4, previous infestation with R. padi significantly increased the relative expression of plant pathogenesis-related protein 1 at all sampling times but did not have a significant effect on the expression of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene. In addition, the expression levels of the lipoxygenase (LOX) and allene oxide synthase (AOS) genes immediately increased after the aphid attack. In susceptible line 35-A20, infestation with either R. padi or S. avenae led to significantly increased expression levels of the AOS and PAL genes. Moreover, sequential aphid infestation induced higher expression of AOS compared with a single-species aphid infestation, whereas the expression of the PAL gene was antagonistically affected by sequential aphid infestation. Overall, these results showed that aphid infestation induced SA- and JA-dependent responses in host plants. However, the expression profiles of these genes in resistant and susceptible host lines were significantly different.
Niche Modeling of Economically Important Mahanarva (Hemiptera, Cercopidae) Species in South and Central America: Are Brazilian Spittlebug Sugarcane Pests Potential Invaders of South and Central America?
Authors: Schöbel Christian , Carvalho Gervásio S 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMahanarva fimbriolata, Mahanarva spectabilis, Mahanarva liturata, and Mahanarva posticata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) are known pests in South American sugarcane and pasture plantations. They cause phytotoxicity by feeding directly from plant sap, greatly decreasing their production. In this work, we applied Species Distribution Modeling using the Maxent algorithm to analyze these four spittlebug species possible occurrence in South and Central America. Therefore, current and future bioclimatic variables, as well as elevation and other agricultural variables, were used within RStudio. Future climatic variables were differentiated between the years 2050 and 2070 with several representative concentration pathways. Overall, the species showed various suitable habitats in different countries of South and Central America. Nevertheless, when compared with future climate analysis, the number of suitable habitats is declining due to climate change. Elevation, isothermality, and different precipitation variables were mainly responsible for the results. We were able to analyze that spittlebug populations are not limited by temperature, but rather by other abiotic factors, such as precipitation.
Trade in Services in the African Continental Free Trade Area: Prospects, Challenges and WTO Compatibility
Authors: Simo Regis Y 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
This article engages with the recently adopted agreement for the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in the area of services. While services trade had heretofore stood at the queue of African trade pacts, the AfCFTA breaks new grounds by negotiating goods and services concurrently, signalling a paradigm shift and a commitment to a deeper integration of the continent. Upon Members’ implementation of the Protocol on Trade in Services, whose aim is to establish a single market in services, the region will be the largest economic integration agreement ever concluded since the birth of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This paper sets out to analyse the provisions of the Protocol and how they contribute to achieving the objective of attaining a single market where services (alongside goods, people and capital) move unrestricted.
Service Professionals' Response to Volunteer Involvement in Service Production
Authors: Thomsen Mette Kjærgaard , Jensen Ulrich Thy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInvolving volunteers in the production and delivery of public services is a core policy objective of governments around the world. While existing research on volunteer involvement in service production, for example, has focused on advantages and disadvantages of such involvement and different dimensions of volunteer involvement, little is known about service professionals' response to volunteer involvement in public service production. Integrating perspectives from multiple theories, we build a theoretical framework for understanding how and when service professionals come to see volunteers as a threat to the quality of service, the profession's privileged position and monopoly, and professionals' own work tasks and job security. Based on a central distinction between production of core and complementary tasks, we propose that volunteers come to be seen as a threat in the eyes of service professionals when volunteers solve core rather than complementary tasks. Using a survey experiment among health assistants at nursing homes, we find partial support for our argument. Health assistants are more likely to perceive volunteers as a threat to the quality of care when volunteers solve core rather than complementary tasks. The study guides research toward a more nuanced understanding of volunteer involvement in service production in public organizations.
Institutionalization of a Formalized Intergovernmental Transfer Scheme for Asylum Seekers in Germany: TheKönigstein Keyas an Indicator of Federal Justice
Authors: Bartl Walter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCrisis-induced refugee migration raises questions of fair responsibility-sharing among political territories. This is relevant for nation states and for subnational territories alike. Theories addressing this problem have mainly been developed with regard to international responsibility-sharing. They assume collective action problems when it comes to organising intergovernmental transfer schemes, something which cannot be easily overcome. It is not well understood how effective transfer schemes can be institutionalised when no hierarchical decision-making is in place. Complementary to that perspective, this paper builds upon constructivist institutional theories that suggest paying more attention to guiding ideas, which can be called upon when intergovernmental transfer schemes are at stake, and to criteria of rationality that can legitimately claim to embody this idea. Legitimate criteria of rationality are typically the result of “investments in form”, i.e. social practices which imbue material objects with certain qualities so that they stand for particular guiding ideas. The article tests this assumption empirically by tracing the institutionalisation process of the Königstein key (Königsteiner Schlüssel) as a dynamic formula for determining state quotas in Germany's refugee federalism. While important precedents of physical intergovernmental responsibility-sharing in refugee matters had already existed in West Germany, their translation to the territorial dispersal of non-German asylum seekers was highly controversial in the 1970s. In this case, resorting to the Königstein key proved to be feasible in part because, by then, the formula had already become a symbol of the idea of federal justice through its use in a variety of different and far less controversial policy fields. However, during the recent wave of refugee immigration it has increasingly become the object of critique.