bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Web-based decision support toolbox for Spanish reservoirs
Authors: Voces-Aboy Jose , Abia-Llera Inmaculada , Sánchez-García Eroteida , Navascués Beatriz , Rodríguez-Camino Ernesto , Garrido-del-Pozo María Nieves , García-Gómez María Concepción , Álvarez-González José Adolfo , Pastor-Argüello Fernando 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Under the S-ClimWaRe (Seasonal Climate prediction in support of Water Reservoirs management) initiative, a climate service to support decision-making process by water managers in Spanish reservoirs has been developed. It consists in a web-based toolbox jointly designed with
stakeholders. The website is organized in two main areas. The first one allows the user to
explore, for any water reservoir or grid point over continental Spain, the
existing hydrological variability and risk linked to climate variability.
This is performed through a set of indicators obtained from time series of
hydrological and meteorological observations and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, identified as main climate driver in this geographical region. The second main area provides seasonal forecasts of NAO and both reservoir inflow and precipitation, complemented by information on probabilistic forecasts skill. Currently the NAO index is the only driver implemented for display, and
forecasts come from a statistical forecasting system developed only for the
extended winter NDJFM period. Through the MEDSCOPE (MEDiterranean Services
Chain based On climate PrEdictions) project new sources of predictability
and relationships with different climate drivers will be explored. Forecast
skill improvement is expected after the combination and weighting of
ensemble members of the Copernicus seasonal forecasting systems. These
forecasts will feed more sophisticated hydrological models. The toolbox has
been flexible designed with respect to sources of seasonal forecasts and
extension to additional drivers, variables and seasons. In this way, user
requirements and scientific progress will be easily incorporated to new
versions of this climate service.
New trends in botulinum toxin use in dermatology
Authors: Guida Stefania , Farnetani Francesca , Nisticò Steven P. , Giorgio Mariarosaria Caterina , Babino Graziella , Pellacani Giovanni , Fulgione Elisabetta 
Published: August 2019

Background: Recent studies have highlighted new botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) applications in the field of dermatology.
Objective: To review current knowledge of BoNT use in dermatology.
Methods: The literature of the last 5 years has been reviewed.
Results: We describe interesting protocols of BoNT treatment for hyperhidrosis (HH), hypertrophic scars and keloids, Raynaud phenomenon, facial flushing, oily skin, psoriasis, Hailey-Hailey disease, and cutaneous lesions like painful lesions and periorbital syringomas.
Conclusions: Several skin conditions eligible for BoNT treatment have been described. After the wide application for HH treatment, scars as well as vascular and inflammatory skin disorders, oily skin and cutaneous lesions represent fields of application of BoNT.
A comparison of the academic outcome of chiropractic students on full-time and full-time equivalent chiropractic education routes
Authors: Hunnisett Adrian G. W. , Cunliffe Christina 
Published: August 2019

Objective
To compare the academic equivalence of full-time (FT) and full-time equivalent (FTE) delivery routes for chiropractic training and to assess nontraditional education delivery as a viable method for training chiropractors.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of student summative assessment data was undertaken on a total of 196 FT and FTE students studying for the master's in chiropractic degree at a UK chiropractic college between 2009 and graduating by 2017. The analysis consisted of within-group comparison and between-group comparisons using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
The demographics of the 2 student groups varied in terms of gender and age distribution. The analysis of summative data indicated no differences between the 2 routes of delivery. There was also no difference in the distribution of final degree classification outcome between the 2 routes.

Conclusions
While it is possible that demographic differences influence the outcomes in each training route, this preliminary study indicates that, based only on analysis of overall achievement, there is no difference in either FT or FTE programs in training chiropractors, allowing them to register with the UK regulatory body. It suggests that a nontraditional mode of delivery is an achievable route to qualification as a chiropractor, enabling a greater number of students to consider chiropractic as a career choice while managing other life commitments.
Conservation Education, Alternative Livelihood and Habitat Restoration: The Best Strategies for Conservation of Magombera Forest Reserve
Authors: Mahulu Anna , Lugelo Ahmed , Mtoka Samuel , Ngongolo Kelvin 
Published: August 2019

The Magombera forest is a home of endemic and endangered biological species such as Udzungwa red colobus monkey (Procolobus gordonorum) and the Magombera chameleon (Kinyongia magomberae). However, the forest is facing high threat of disappearing through resources extraction pressure from adjacent local communities. The project aimed at improving conservation of Magombera forest by involving the adjacent communities through provision of conservation education, restoration initiatives and bee keeping as alternative livelihoods. The study revealed that the concept of forest conservation is well supported. Nevertheless, people are extracting resources from the forest for their subsistence. The dependence of the people on the forest is due to lack of alternatives to the forest resources, inability of the people to produce alternatives source of income and little conservation education. The project resulted in a community having a positive attitude change towards conservation. The improved bee keeping was introduced to the community and successfully adopted. About 89% of indigenous trees planted for restoring the degraded area of the forest survived, only 11% of trees planted could not survive. There is a need to expand the scale of the project by involving many participants particularly youths that showed strong interest in the project.
Effect of Cultural Conditions on Biosurfactant Production by Candida sp. Isolated from the Sap of Elaeis guineensis
Authors: Nwaguma I. V. , Chikere C. B. , Okpokwasili G. C. 
Published: August 2019

Aims: This study is aimed at determining the effect of cultural condition on biosurfactant production by Candida sp. isolates from saps of Elaeis guineensis.
Methodology: Chemical analysis of the sap was carried out. Yeast isolates from the sap were screened for biosurfactant production based on emulsification index (E24), emulsification assay, haemolytic assay, oil displacement test, CTAB and tilted glass slide ability. The best biosurfactant-producing yeast isolate was identified based on its phenotypic, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics. The emulsification capacity of the produced biosurfactant on selected oils was studied. Optimum cultural and nutritional requirements (temperature, pH, inoculum concentration, nitrogen sources and carbon sources) for biosurfactant production by the isolate were determined.
Results: The characteristics of the sap from Elaeis guineensis were reducing sugar (0.51 ± 0.03 mg/ml), alcohol (14.04 ± 0.15%), specific gravity (0.827±0.024), and pH (5.68±0.03). The crude biosurfactant produced displaced a thin film of crude oil on petri dish by 55 mm, and revealed high emulsification index (E24) of 52.5% using Olive oil as substrate compared to E24 of 60.6% by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Based on colonial, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics, the isolate SA2 was identified as Candida sp. The crude biosurfactant showed varying capacity in emulsifying the different oils that were examined. Optimization data revealed maximum biosurfactant production after 7 days of incubation, inoculum concentration of 10%, at temperature of 20ºC, pH of 2 with cassava peel as substrate.
Conclusion: The study has demonstrated the capacity of Candida sp. from the sap of Elaeis guineensis to produce biosurfactant utilizing cassava peel as substrate. The use of cassava peel, which represents a low-cost substrate, is important in reducing the cost of biosurfactant production. Moreover, using yeasts from Elaeis guineensis make the production process ecologically friendly.
Constraints to Non-timber Forest Products Supply in Ago-Owu Forest Reserve of Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Aderounmu A. F. , Adejumo A. A. 
Published: August 2019

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are products or services other than timber that is produced in a forest and of course, are indispensable parts of the livelihood strategy of the forest’s adjoining communities. Their economic potentials necessitated the need for research to be carried out on its production and constraints facing its supply in the study area. Therefore, constraints to NTFPs’ supply in Ago-Owu forest reserve and its environment were investigated. Three communities (Mokore, Ajegunle and Alabameta) were randomly selected communities of the identified study area (Mokore, Ajegunle, Alabameta, Elewe, Alaguntan and Okodowo) identified communities in the study area. Their populations were sought for and samples were drawn in proportionate to their sizes: Mokore (50), Ajegunle (40) and Alabameta (20). This gave a total number of 110 respondents from which 105 questionnaires were derived for the investigations. A set of questionnaire was used to obtain data on source of NTFPs, commonly sourced NTFPs and constraints facing its supply in the study area. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logit regression at α0.05. Majority of the respondents were male (69.1%) and 64.8% of them were within the age of 30-50 years. Also, most of the respondents were married (78.1%) and less than half of them (41%) had no formal education, but were predominantly farmers (72.4%). The major source of NTFPs in the study area was forest reserve (70.5%), while a total of seventeen (17) different NTFPs commonly sourced were documented. Constraints facing the supply of NTFPs included Climate change, Lack of finance for smooth running of the activities involved in the products’ supply and price fluctuation with odds-ratio of 9.87, 5.66 and 1.92 respectively. The study established the significance of the Ago-Owu forest reserve to the livelihood of the forest dwellers. However, there is need for the establishment of new plantations to fostering production of the products as well as serving as adaptation strategies against climate change. There is also an urgent need for the State Forestry Service/government to address their areas of concern pointed out in this study for bio-prospecting, economic well-being of forest dwellers and great advantage of boost in revenue propensity of Osun State.
Production of Maize Silage is Possible in Integrated Systems with Arboreal Component
Authors: Carnevalli Roberta Aparecida , Cruz e Santos Emanuelle Beatriz , De Abreu Joadil Gonçalves , Garcia Larissa Fernanda , Coletti Admar Junior , Giustina Carolina Della , Peixoto Wender Mateus , Santos Herrera Larah Dryelle , Rodrigues Janderson Aguiar 
Published: August 2019

Distribution of the intercropped plants determines the production but it is highly dependent on the machinery of the property. Producers, who harvest silage row by row, depend on plantings with greater spacing. This study was aimed to evaluate the maize intercropped for cultivated silage in 0.90 m between rows, with grass under the shade and full sunlight conditions. Maize with brachiaria grass was tested in four sowing densities (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg of pure and viable seeds per hectare). The factorial treatments (2x2x4) were distributed in a split-plot design with four repetitions. The maize agronomic characteristics and the silage quality were evaluated. There was a high level of competition when associated with maize, piatã and eucalyptus. Aggressive piatã grass growth, with light restriction by trees, have affected strongly the maize forage mass-produced, and consequently, reduced silage production. Regarding grain yield, the intercrop with ruziziensis grass was superior (210%) to the intercrop with piatã grass. It was mainly influenced by the low yield in the piatã grass intercropped under shade conditions. This pattern was different for ruziziensis because it was a less aggressive grass in terms of growth. For plantations with 0.90 m of spacing, there was a light restriction. The maize intercropped under the shade of trees must be done with lower growth rate grass to reduce competition and maintain the yield.
“To Make the Four Hundred Million Move”: The Late Qing Dynasty Origins of Modern Chinese Sport and Physical Culture
Authors: Morris Andrew 
Published: July 2002

There is no athletic movement in China... Caspar Whitney, in Harper's Weekly, 1898” and “Just as our women [swimmers] dominate... Zhou Ming, Head Coach, PRC National Swim Team, 1997.There is little doubt that, after a century's exposure, Chinese have absorbed and understand quite clearly the greater meanings of the realm of sport—the connections between competitive athletic endeavor, imperialist bluster, and economic standing in the world community. This article is an exploration of the late Qing Dynasty origins of this modern global culture of physical culture and sport.
ENGLAND, THE DUTCH REPUBLIC, AND EUROPE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: ISRAEL JONATHAN 
Published: July 2002

The Anglo-Dutch wars of the seventeenth-century.
By J. R. Jones. London: Longman, 1996.
Pp. 242. ISBN 0-582-05631-4. £42.00.Oliver Cromwell. By Peter Gaunt. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996. Pp. 263.
ISBN 0-631-18356-6. £25.00.Cromwellian foreign policy. By Timothy Venning. London and New
York: St Martin's Press and Macmillan, 1995. Pp. 324.
ISBN 0-333-63388-1. £47.50.Protestantism and patriotism: ideologies and the making of
English foreign policy, 1650–1668. By
Steven C. A. Pincus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. 512. ISBN
0-521-43487-4. £45.00.William III and the godly revolution. By Tony Claydon.
Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1996. Pp. 288. ISBN 0-521-47329-2. £35.00.A miracle mirrored: the Dutch republic in European perspective.
Edited by Karel Davids and
Jan Lucassen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. 559.
ISBN 0-521-46247-9. £55.00.
Outside the Panel – Race in America's Popular Imagination:

Comic Strips Before and After World War II
Authors: LENTHALL BRUCE 
Published: July 2002

In the wake of World War II, the unofficial cartoonist laureate
of the war,
Bill Mauldin, turned the focus of his comic art to life within America's

borders. In a 1946 panel, he portrayed two men talking in the shadow of

the United States Capitol building. The listener was clearly a slick senator;

the speaker looked to be a well-groomed tramp. His question no doubt
left the senator fumbling for an answer: “Do you mean your American

Way or my American Way, Senator?”Mauldin did not provide us with the senator's response, but it
hardly
matters. The tramp's question all but answers itself. The supposed
post-war
consensus, the shared American Way, had not been achieved by
unanimous consent, the tramp was suggesting, but by leaving out those
who did not fit into it. The popular imagination of America might have

attained a single, clean vision of the nation, but only by cropping out

anything that could blur the picture. The imagined American Way would
not admit it, but there were others trying to climb into the frame.
Parish-Church Cathedrals, 1836–1931: Some Problems and
their Solution
Authors: MORRISH P. S. 
Published: July 2002

Traditionally scholars distinguish English Anglican cathedrals
of
‘old’ foundation and those of ‘new’, but since
Henry VIII a further
category has arisen comprising those established in the nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries to serve newly created dioceses. These are

often referred to as parish-church cathedrals because they mostly
remained parish churches even after their elevation. Their new status
raised various architectual and organisational problems, and this essay

concentrates on the latter, illustrating them with select examples. These

problems deserve examination because there is little recent literature
on
them and some passing references may tend to mislead.Two events define the period. In 1836 the first modern parish-church

cathedral was created at Ripon. In 1931 the Cathedrals Measure
provided for revision of all cathedral statutes within general guidelines,

the outcome of a commission of enquiry which Church Assembly had
launched in 1924 and which had reported in 1927. Moreover by 1931,
albeit then unperceived, an era had ended in another respect because
after a surge of creations in the 1920s, no more new bishoprics have been

erected in England by the Anglican Church (despite various plans),
though some territorial adjustments have been made between dioceses,
notably the transfer of Croydon from Canterbury to Southwark.
Throughout much of this period popular odium surrounded cathedral
establishments, a residue from radical attack in the 1830s and 1840s upon

all ecclesiastical corporations whose wealth, admittedly often maladministered,

critics had hoped to appropriate to other uses, whose
neglect of duties had become scandalous, and whose quirky and outmoded

ways Trollope gently satirised in his Barchester novels. The period saw
a
piecemeal and relatively unco-ordinated response to the problems which

creation of these cathedrals involved, and that Church Assembly
commission explicitly deplored the ‘anomalous and confused’
situation
which had arisen.
Inertial waves in a rotating spherical shell: attractors and asymptotic spectrum
Authors: RIEUTORD M. , GEORGEOT B. , VALDETTARO L. 
Published: July 2002

We investigate the asymptotic properties of inertial modes confined in a spherical
shell when viscosity tends to zero. We first consider the mapping made by the
characteristics of the hyperbolic equation (Poincaré's equation) satisfied by inviscid
solutions. Characteristics are straight lines in a meridional section of the shell, and the
mapping shows that, generically, these lines converge towards a periodic orbit which
acts like an attractor (the associated Lyapunov exponent is always negative or zero).
We show that these attractors exist in bands of frequencies the size of which decreases
with the number of reflection points of the attractor. At the bounding frequencies the
associated Lyapunov exponent is generically either zero or minus infinity. We further
show that for a given frequency the number of coexisting attractors is finite.We then examine the relation between this characteristic path and eigensolutions of
the inviscid problem and show that in a purely two-dimensional problem, convergence
towards an attractor means that the associated velocity field is not square-integrable.
We give arguments which generalize this result to three dimensions. Then, using
a sphere immersed in a fluid filling the whole space, we study the critical latitude
singularity and show that the velocity field diverges as 1/√d, d being the distance to
the characteristic grazing the inner sphere.We then consider the viscous problem and show how viscosity transforms singularities
into internal shear layers which in general reveal an attractor expected at the
eigenfrequency of the mode. Investigating the structure of these shear layers, we find
that they are nested layers, the thinnest and most internal layer scaling with E1/3, E
being the Ekman number; for this latter layer, we give its analytical form and show
its similarity to vertical 1/3-shear layers of steady flows. Using an inertial wave packet
travelling around an attractor, we give a lower bound on the thickness of shear layers
and show how eigenfrequencies can be computed in principle. Finally, we show that
as viscosity decreases, eigenfrequencies tend towards a set of values which is not dense
in [0, 2Ω], contrary to the case of the full sphere (Ω is the angular velocity of the
system).Hence, our geometrical approach opens the possibility of describing the eigenmodes
and eigenvalues for astrophysical/geophysical Ekman numbers
(10−10–10−20), which are out of reach numerically,
and this for a wide class of containers.
Deformation of a two-dimensional drop at non-zero Reynolds number in time-periodic extensional flows: numerical simulation
Authors: SARKAR KAUSIK , SCHOWALTER WILLIAM R. 
Published: July 2002

The shape of a two-dimensional viscous drop deforming in several time-dependent
flow fields, including that due to a potential vortex, has been studied. Vortex flow
was approximated by linearizing the induced velocity field at the drop centre, giving
rise to an extensional flow with rotating axes of stretching. A generalization of the
potential vortex, a flow we have called rotating extensional flow, occurs when the
frequency of revolution of the flow is varied independently of the shear rate. Drops
subjected to this forcing flow exhibit an interesting resonance phenomenon. Finally
we have studied drop deformation in an oscillatory extensional flow.Calculations were performed at small but non-zero Reynolds numbers using an
ADI front-tracking/finite difference method. We investigate the effects of interfacial
tension, periodicity, viscosity ratio, and Reynolds number on the drop dynamics.
The simulation reveals interesting behaviour for steady stretching flows, as well as
time-dependent flows. For a steady extensional flow, the drop deformation is found to
be non-monotonic with time in its approach to an equilibrium value. At sufficiently
high Reynolds numbers, the drop experiences multiple growth–collapse cycles, with
possible axes reversal, before reaching a final shape. For a vortex flow, the long-time deformation reaches a steady value, and the drop attains a revolving steady
elliptic shape. For rotating extensional flows as well as oscillatory extensional flows,
the maximum value of deformation displays resonance with variation in parameters,
first increasing and then decreasing with increasing interfacial tension or forcing
frequency. A simple ODE model with proper forcing is offered to explain the observed
phenomena.