bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO Oxidation Catalyzed by a Single Ti Atom Supported on Divacancy Defective Graphene: A Dispersion‐Corrected DFT Study
Authors: Esrafili Mehdi D. , Heydari Safa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report a detailed theoretical investigation on the possible reaction mechanisms of CO oxidation catalyzed by a single Ti atom supported on divacancy defective graphene (TiDVG). The reaction between the adsorbed O2 with CO molecules on TiDVG is compared via three different mechanisms, i. e. Eley‐Rideal (ER), Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (LH) and termolecular Eley‐Rideal (TER). According to our results, the energy barrier for the rate determining step of CO + O2 reaction in the TER mechanism is smaller than those of ER and LH ones. This can be attributed to the significant mixing of electronic states of adsorbed CO and O2 at the reaction site, as well as due to a sizable charge‐transfer from the surface to these molecules. On the other hand, the calculated adsorption energies indicate that the coadsorption of O2 and CO molecules is slightly more energetically favored with respect to the coadsorption of two CO molecules. This result together with the relatively small reaction barriers reveal that the LH mechanism is also possible to occur at low temperature. Our results reported here suggest that TiDVG can be regarded as a green, low‐cost and highly active catalyst for CO oxidation at room temperature.
Branes and the Kraft-Procesi transition: classical case
Authors: Cabrera Santiago , Hanany Amihay 
Published: April 2018

AbstractModuli spaces of a large set of 3d$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4effective gauge theories are known to be closures of nilpotent orbits. This set of theories has recently acquired a special status, due to Namikawa’s theorem. As a consequence of this theorem, closures of nilpotent orbits are the simplest non-trivial moduli spaces that can be found in three dimensional theories with eight supercharges. In the early 80’s mathematicians Hanspeter Kraft and Claudio Procesi characterized an inclusion relation between nilpotent orbit closures of the same classical Lie algebra. We recently [1] showed a physical realization of their work in terms of the motion of D3-branes on the Type IIB superstring embedding of the effective gauge theories. This analysis is restricted to A-type Lie algebras. The present note expands our previous discussion to the remaining classical cases: orthogonal and symplectic algebras. In order to do so we introduce O3-planes in the superstring description. We also find a brane realization for the mathematical map between two partitions of the same integer number known ascollapse. Another result is that basic Kraft-Procesi transitions turn out to be described by the moduli space of orthosymplectic quivers with varying boundary conditions.
Cribriform‐Morular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Clinical and Pathological Features of 30 Cases
Authors: Akaishi Junko , Kondo Tetsuo , Sugino Kiminori , Ogimi Yuna , Masaki Chie , Hames Kiyomi Y. , Yabuta Tomonori , Tomoda Chisato , Suzuki Akifumi , Matsuzu Kenichi , Uruno Takashi , Ohkuwa Keiko , Kitagawa Wataru , Nagahama Mitsuji , Katoh Ryohei , Ito Koichi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundCribriform‐morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CMV‐PTC) is rare; it may occur in cases of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or be sporadic. To clarify the clinicopathological features of CMV‐PTC, the medical records of these patients were investigated retrospectively.Materials and methodsBetween 1979 and 2016, a total of 17,062 cases with PTC underwent initial surgery at Ito Hospital. Of these, 30 (0.2%) cases histologically diagnosed with CMV‐PTC were reviewed.ResultThe patients were all women, with a mean age at the time of surgery of 24 years. Seven (23%) cases were thought to have FAP because they had colonic polyposis or a family history of FAP or APC gene mutation. The remaining 23 (77%) were thought to be sporadic. Multiple tumors were detected in 6 cases, with a solitary tumor in 24. One patient had lung metastasis at diagnosis. Eleven patients underwent total thyroidectomy or subtotal thyroidectomy, and 19 underwent lobectomy. Twenty‐six (87%) patients underwent neck lymph node dissection. Three patients had tumor metastasis in central lymph nodes, but these were incidentally detected metastatic classical PTC (cPTC) based on histological examination. In this series, there were no cases of LN metastases of CMV‐PTC. During a mean follow‐up of 15 years, one patient had new cPTC in the remnant thyroid after initial surgery, and the other patients showed no signs of recurrence.ConclusionCMV‐PTC occurred in young women, their long‐term prognosis was excellent. Total thyroidectomy is recommended for FAP‐associated CMV‐PTC, but modified neck lymph node dissection is not necessary.
Accuracy of general hospital dementia diagnoses in England: Sensitivity, specificity, and predictors of diagnostic accuracy 2008–2016
Authors: Sommerlad Andrew , Perera Gayan , Singh‐Manoux Archana , Lewis Glyn , Stewart Robert , Livingston Gill 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionRecognizing dementia in general hospitals allows for tailored care. We aimed to assess hospital dementia diagnosis accuracy, changes over time, and predictors of correct identification.MethodRetrospective cohort study of people over 65 years, using data from a large mental health care database as gold standard, linked to 2008–2016 English hospital data.ResultsIn 21,387 people who had 138,455 admissions, we found sensitivity and specificity of dementia recording, respectively, to be 78.0% and 92.0% for each person's complete records, and 63.3% and 96.6% for each nonelective admission. Diagnostic sensitivity increased between 2008 and 16. Accurate general hospital recording of the presence of dementia was lower in ethnic minority groups, younger, single people, and those with physical illness.DiscussionDementia diagnosis recording in general hospitals is increasing but remains less likely in some groups. Clinicians should be aware of this inequity and have a higher index of clinical suspicion in these groups.
Discontinuation and nonpublication of interventional clinical trials conducted in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yilmaz Taygan , Jutten Roos J. , Santos Cláudia Y. , Hernandez Kimberly A. , Snyder Peter J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionDiscontinuation and nonpublication of interventional clinical trials represents a waste of already scarce resources. We sought to identify the prevalence of discontinuation and nonpublication of interventional clinical trials conducted in patients afflicted by mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, cross‐sectional study on mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease–based interventional clinical trials in ClinicalTrials.gov dating back to 1995. The analyzed data included trial phase, intervention type, enrollment, and funding sources. Fisher's exact and χ2 tests were used to determine any potential associations between trial characteristics and completion.ResultsA total of 744 studies were identified, of which 502 (67%) were industry‐sponsored ones. A total of 127 (17%) were discontinued prematurely. Of the 617 completed trials, 450 (73%) were not published, representing approximately 66,655 participants who incurred the risks of trial participation without subsequently contributing to the medical literature. Similarly, there were 18,246 patients from unpublished, discontinued trials. Of the 744 trials examined, 247 publications from 167 trials could be identified via PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE searches. Most notably, the odds of nonpublication among industry‐sponsored trials were more than 75% higher than those in studies funded by academia (odds ratio = 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–2.78; P = .01). Furthermore, industry‐sponsored trials had a 50% greater odds of study discontinuation compared with trials funded by academia (odds ratio = 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.16; P = .03).DiscussionThe nonpublication of many trials and preliminary results of trials that are discontinued early dilutes the quality and decreases the comprehensive nature of the medical literature. This occurs in both industry and academia. Publication of inconclusive or negative results ensures that all research activities, regardless of outcome, contribute to global medical knowledge.
An evaluation of a common elements treatment approach for youth in Somali refugee camps
Authors: Murray L. K. , Hall B. J. , Dorsey S. , Ugueto A. M. , Puffer E. S. , Sim A. , Ismael A. , Bass J. , Akiba C. , Lucid L. , Harrison J. , Erikson A. , Bolton P. A. 
Published: April 2018

Background.This paper reports on: (1) an evaluation of a common elements treatment approach (CETA) developed for comorbid presentations of depression, anxiety, traumatic stress, and/or externalizing symptoms among children in three Somali refugee camps on the Ethiopian/Somali border, and (2) an evaluation of implementation factors from the perspective of staff, lay providers, and families who engaged in the intervention.Methods.This project was conducted in three refugee camps and utilized locally validated mental health instruments for internalizing, externalizing, and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. Participants were recruited from either a validity study or from referrals from social workers within International Rescue Committee Programs. Lay providers delivered CETA to youth (CETA-Youth) and families, and symptoms were re-assessed post-treatment. Providers and families responded to a semi-structured interview to assess implementation factors.Results.Children who participated in the CETA-Youth open trial reported significant decreases in symptoms of internalizing (d = 1.37), externalizing (d = 0.85), and posttraumatic stress (d = 1.71), and improvements in well-being (d = 0.75). Caregivers also reported significant decreases in child symptoms. Qualitative results were positive toward the acceptability and appropriateness of treatment, and its feasibility.Conclusions.This project is the first to examine a common elements approach (CETA: defined as flexible delivery of elements, order, and dosing) with children and caregivers in a low-resource setting with delivery by lay providers. CETA-Youth may offer an effective treatment that is easier to implement and scale-up versus multiple focal interventions. A fullscale randomized clinical trial is warranted.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Hematologic Malignancy Patients With Positive Clostridium difficile Toxin Immunoassay Versus Polymerase Chain Reaction Test Results
Authors: Ziegler Matthew , Landsburg Daniel , Pegues David , Alby Kevin , Gilmar Cheryl , Bink Kristen , Gorman Theresa , Moore Amy , Bonhomme Brittaney , Omorogbe Jacqueline , Tango Dana , Tolomeo Pam , Han Jennifer H. 
Published: April 2018

In a cohort of inpatients with hematologic malignancy and positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Clostridium difficile tests, we found that clinical characteristics and outcomes were similar between these groups. The method of testing is unlikely to predict infection in this population, and PCR-positive results should be treated with concern.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;863–866
DROUGHT AND FAMINE IN NORTHWEST CHINA: A LATE VICTORIAN TRAGEDY?
Authors: Janku Andrea 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe North China Famine of 1876–1879 has received some attention recently, but little of this work has focused on the north-western province of Shaanxi. This imbalance is reflected in the local histories that devote far more space to the documentation and commemoration of the Hui rebellion than to the famine. This paper argues that the drought of those years and the ensuing famine is historically much more significant than this biased documentation would suggest, and that the rebellion can only be fully understood by paying attention to the environmental and social conditions in which it unfolded. Further, the paper engages with Mike Davis’s argument that portrays the famine in China as part of a ‘late-Victorian holocaust.’ While persuasive, his focus on outside forces is problematic as it ignores the history of the Qing Empire as an expanding force in itself and inadvertently reinforces the victimization narrative that dominates modern Chinese historiography.
A New Approach to the Chronology of Caves 268/272/275 in the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes: Combining Radiocarbon Dates and Archaeological Information within a Bayesian Statistical Framework
Authors: Guo Qinglin , Staff Richard A , Lu Chun , Liu Cheng , Dee Michael , Chen Ying , Pollard A Mark , Rawson Jessica , Su Bomin , Liu Ruiliang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe construction chronology of three of the earliest Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes (Caves 268, 272, and 275) has been the subject of ongoing debate for over half a century. This chronology is a crucial topic in terms of further understanding of the establishment of the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, early Buddhism in the Gansu corridor, and its relationship with Buddhism developed in the Central Plains. Building upon archaeological, art historical and radiocarbon (14C) dating studies, we integrate new 14C data with these previously published findings utilizing Bayesian statistical modeling to improve the chronological resolution of this issue. Thus, we determine that all three of these caves were constructed around AD 410–440, suggesting coeval rather than sequential construction.
Host-mediated RNAi of a Notch-like receptor gene inMeloidogyne incognitainduces nematode resistance
Authors: Kohli Deshika , Chidambaranathan Parameswaran , Prasanth Tej Kumar J. , Singh Ashish Kumar , Kumar Anil , Sirohi Anil , Subramaniam K. , Srinivasan Ramamurthy , Bharadvaja Navneeta , Jain Pradeep K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGLP-1 (abnormal germline proliferation) is a Notch-like receptor protein that plays an essential role in pharyngeal development. In this study, an orthologue ofCaenorhabditis elegans glp-1was identified inMeloidogyne incognita. A computational analysis revealed that the orthologue contained almost all the domains present in theC. elegansgene: specifically, the LIN-12/Notch repeat, the ankyrin repeat, a transmembrane domain and different ligand-binding motifs were present in orthologue, but the epidermal growth factor-like motif was not observed. An expression analysis showed differential expression ofglp-1throughout the life cycle ofM. incognita, with relatively higher expression in the egg stage. To evaluate the silencing efficacy ofMi-glp-1, transgenicArabidopsisplants carrying double-stranded RNA constructs ofglp-1were generated, and infection of these plants withM. incognitaresulted in a 47–50% reduction in the numbers of galls, females and egg masses. Females obtained from the transgenic RNAi lines exhibited 40–60% reductions in the transcript levels of the targetedglp-1gene compared with females isolated from the control plants. Second-generation juveniles (J2s), which were descendants of the infected females from the transgenic lines, showed aberrant phenotypes. These J2s exhibited a significant decrease in the overall distance from the stylet to the metacorpus region, and this effect was accompanied by disruption around the metacorporeal bulb of the pharynx. The present study suggests a role for this gene in organ (pharynx) development during embryogenesis inM. incognitaand its potential use as a target in the management of nematode infestations in plants.
Identification of novel therapeutic candidates inCryptosporidium parvum: anin silicoapproach
Authors: Panda Chinmaya , Mahapatra Rajani Kanta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnavailability of vaccines and effective drugs are primarily responsible for the growing menace of cryptosporidiosis. This study has incorporated a bioinformatics-based screening approach to explore potential vaccine candidates and novel drug targets inCryptosporidium parvumproteome. A systematic strategy was defined for comparative genomics, orthology with relatedCryptosporidiumspecies, prioritization parameters and MHC class I and II binding promiscuity. The approach reported cytoplasmic protein cgd7_1830, a signal peptide protein, as a novel drug target. SWISS-MODEL online server was used to generate the 3D model of the protein and was validated by PROCHECK. The model has been subjected toin silicodocking study with screened potent lead compounds from the ZINC database, PubChem and ChEMBL database using Flare software package of Cresset®. Furthermore, the approach reported protein cgd3_1400, as a vaccine candidate. The predicted B- and T-cell epitopes on the proposed vaccine candidate with highest scores were also subjected to docking study with MHC class I and II alleles using ClusPro web server. Results from this study could facilitate selection of proteins which could serve as drug targets and vaccine candidates to efficiently tackle the growing threat of cryptosporidiosis.
Being left-behind, mental disorder, and elderly suicide in rural China: a case–control psychological autopsy study
Authors: Zhou Liang , Wang Guojun , Jia Cunxian , Ma Zhenyu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSuicide rate among rural elderly is the highest among all age groups in China, yet little is known about the suicide risks in this rapidly growing vulnerable population.MethodsThis matched case–control psychological autopsy study was conducted during June 2014 to September 2015. Consecutive samples of suicides aged 60 or above were identified in three provinces (Shandong, Hunan, and Guangxi) in China. Living comparisons were 1:1 matched with the suicides in age (±3 years old), gender, and living location. Risk factors included demographic characteristics, being left-behind, mental disorder, depressive symptoms, stressful life events, and social support.ResultsA total of 242 suicides and 242 comparisons were enrolled: 135 (55.8%) were male, mean (s.d.) age was 74 (8) years. The most frequently used suicide means were pesticides (125, 51.7%) and hanging (95, 39.3%). Independent risks of suicide included unstable marital status [odds ratio (OR) 4.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61–10.92], unemployed (compared with employed, OR 4.43, 95% CI 1.09–17.95), depressive symptoms (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21–1.48), and mental disorder (OR 6.28, 95% CI 1.75–22.54). Structural equation model indicated that the association between being left-behind and suicide was mediated by mental disorder, depressive symptoms, stressful life events, and social support.ConclusionsUnstable marital status, unemployed, depressive symptoms, and mental disorder are independent risk factors for suicide in rural elderly. Being left-behind can elevate the suicide risk through increasing life stresses, depressive symptoms, mental disorder, and decreasing social support. Elderly suicide may be prevented by restricting pesticides, training rural physicians, treating mental disorders, mitigating life stress, and enhancing social connection.
Potentiality made workable – exploring logics of care in reablement for older people
Authors: NØRSKOV BØDKER MALENE 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIn the face of population ageing, Western health-care systems are currently demonstrating an immense interest in mobilising older people's potentials. With this agenda in mind, several countries have introduced reablement: a type of home care aimed at mobilising older people's potentials for independence by means of short-term training programmes. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Denmark's home care sector, this paper explores how elder-care professionals translate the abstract notion of ‘potentiality’ into practice. Theoretically, the paper draws on Annemarie Mol's term ‘logic of care’. I demonstrate that professionals draw on two co-existing logics of care: a logic of reablement encapsulating ideals of successful ageing and life-long development; and a logic of retirement, which in contrast allows people at the end of life to retreat and engage in enjoyable activities. Professionals manage to balance these logics in order to live up to policy obligations while at the same time complying with moral standards of good care. However, very little is achieved in terms of increased independence. I argue that by narrowly focusing on bodily and quantifiable potentials, the ‘potentiality paradigm’ holds the risk of deeming older people to lack potential. In conclusion, I therefore encourage a more inclusive approach to elder-care and ageing that recognises the complexities of ageing, including older people's potentials for retreat and leisure.
Apple grower pollination practices and perceptions of alternative pollinators in New York and Pennsylvania
Authors: Park Mia G. , Joshi Neelendra K. , Rajotte Edwin G. , Biddinger David J. , Losey John E. , Danforth Bryan N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPollinator declines coupled with increasing demand for insect pollinated crops have the potential to cause future pollinator shortages for our most nutritious and valuable crops. Ensuring adequate crop pollination may necessitate a shift in pollination management, from one that primarily relies on the managed European honeybee (Apis melliferaL.) to one that integrates alternative pollinators. While a growing body of scientific evidence supports significant contributions made by naturally occurring, native bees for crop pollination, translating research to practice requires buy-in from growers. The intention of agricultural extension is to address grower needs and concerns; however, few studies have assessed grower knowledge, perceptions and attitudes about native pollinators. Here we present findings from questionnaire-based surveys of over 600 apple growers in New York State and Pennsylvania, coupled with ecological data from bee surveys. This hybrid sociological and biological survey allows us to compare grower knowledge and perceptions to an actual pollinator census. While up to 93% of respondents highly valued importance of native bees, 20% growersdid not knowhow much native bees actually contribute to their orchard pollination. Despite the uncertainty, a majority of growers were open to relying on native bees (up to 60% in NY and 67% in PA) and to making low-cost changes to their farm's management that would benefit native pollinators (up to 68 in NY and 85% in PA). Growers consistently underestimated bee diversity, but their estimates corresponded to major bee groups identifiable by lay persons, indicating accurate local knowledge about native bees. Grower reliance on honeybees increased with farm size; because native bee abundance did not measurably decrease with farm size, renting honeybees may be motivated by risk avoidance rather than grower perception of lower native bee activity. Demonstrated effectiveness of native pollinators and clear guidelines for their management were the most important factors influencing grower decision to actively manage orchards for native bees. Our results highlight a pressing need for an active and research-based extension program to support diversification of pollination strategies in the region.