bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bloodstream Infection Due to Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus Is Associated With Increased Mortality After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Acute Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Papanicolaou Genovefa A , Ustun Celalettin , Young Jo-Anne H , Chen Min , Kim Soyoung , Woo Ahn Kwang , Komanduri Krishna , Lindemans Caroline , Auletta Jeffery J , Riches Marcie L ,   CIBMTR® Infection and Immune Reconstitution Working Committee, Abdel-Azim Hisham , Ahmed Ibrahim A , Aljurf Mahmoud , Antin Joseph , Ballen Karen Kuhn , Beitinjaneh Amer , Brown Valerie I , Cerny Jan , Champlin Richard , Chao Nelson , Chhabra Saurabh , Dahi Parastoo B , Daly Andrew , Dandoy Christopher , Dvorak Christopher C , Forman Stephen , Ganguly Siddhartha , Hashmi Shahrukh K , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A , Lazarus Hillard , Ljungman Per , Malone Adriana K , Murthy Guru , Nishihori Taiga , Page Kristin , Pingali Ravi (Sai Ravi) , Reddy Vijay , Saad Ayman , Savani Bipin N , Seftel Matthew , Szer Jeffrey , Vij Ravi , Weisdorf Daniel , William Basem M , Williams Kirsten , Wirk Baldeep , Yared Jean 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
We examined the impact of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) bloodstream infection (BSI) on outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) utilizing the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database.

Methods
Adult and pediatric patients (N = 7128) who underwent first HCT for acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome from 2008 through 2012 were analyzed as 3 groups—VRE BSI, non-VRE BSI, without BSI—according to BSI status at 100 days (D100) after allogeneic HCT. Multivariable models examined the effect of VRE BSI for overall survival (OS) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) at 1 year.

Results
Of 7128 patients, 258 (3.2%) had VRE BSI, 2398 (33.6%) had non-VRE BSI, and 4472 (63%) had no BSI. The median time to VRE BSI and non-VRE BSI were D11 and D15, respectively. Compared with non-VRE BSI patients, VRE BSI patients were older, had advanced-stage acute leukemia, and received umbilical cord blood (UCB) allografts. In multivariable models, VRE BSI was associated with lower OS (relative risk [RR], 2.9;(99% confidence interval [CI], 2.2–3.7) and increased NRM (RR, 4.7; 99% CI, 3.6–6.2) (P &lt; .0001) for both. Other predictors for worse OS and increased NRM were non-VRE BSI, older age, advanced disease stage, UCB allograft, – mismatch, comorbidity index ≥3, and cytomegalovirus seropositivity (P &lt; .001 for all variables).

Conclusions
VRE BSI is associated with lowest OS and highest NRM compared with patients without BSI or non-VRE BSI. Novel interventions that address the pathophysiology of VRE BSI have the potential of improving survival after HCT.
Extended Infusion of β-Lactams for Bloodstream Infection in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: An Observational Multicenter Study
Authors: Bartoletti Michele , Giannella Maddalena , Lewis Russell E , Caraceni Paolo , Tedeschi Sara , Paul Mical , Schramm Christoph , Bruns Tony , Merli Manuela , Cobos-Trigueros Nazaret , Seminari Elena , Retamar Pilar , Muñoz Patricia , Tumbarello Mario , Burra Patrizia , Torrani Cerenzia Maria , Barsic Bruno , Calbo Ester , Maraolo Alberto Enrico , Petrosillo Nicola , Galan-Ladero Maria Angeles , D’Offizi Gianpiero , Zak-Doron Yael , Rodriguez-Baño Jesus , Baldassarre Maurizio , Verucchi Gabriella , Domenicali Marco , Bernardi Mauro , Viale Pierluigi ,   ESGBIS/BICHROME study group, Campoli Caterina , Pascale Renato , Stallmach Andreas , Venditti Mario , Lucidi Cristina , Ludovisi Serena , de Cueto Marina , Dolores Navarro Maria , Eduardo Lopez Cortes , Bouza Emilo , Valerio Maricela , Eworo Alia , Losito Raffaella , Senzolo Marco , Nadal Elena , Ottobrelli Antonio , Varguvic Martina , Badia Cristina , Guglielmo Borgia , Gentile Ivan , Buonomo Antonio Riccardo , Boumis Evangelo , Beteta-Lopez Alicia , Rianda Alessia , Taliani Gloria , Grieco Stefania 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
We analyzed the impact of continuous/extended infusion (C/EI) vs intermittent infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) and carbapenems on 30-day mortality of patients with liver cirrhosis and bloodstream infection (BSI).

Methods
The BICRHOME study was a prospective, multicenter study that enrolled 312 cirrhotic patients with BSI. In this secondary analysis, we selected patients receiving TZP or carbapenems as adequate empirical treatment. The 30-day mortality of patients receiving C/EI or intermittent infusion of TZP or carbapenems was assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox-regression model, and estimation of the average treatment effect (ATE) using propensity score matching.

Results
Overall, 119 patients received TZP or carbapenems as empirical treatment. Patients who received C/EI had a significantly lower mortality rate (16% vs 36%, P = .047). In a Cox-regression model, the administration of C/EI was associated with a significantly lower mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11–0.936; P = .04) when adjusted for severity of illness and an ATE of 25.6% reduction in 30-day mortality risk (95% CI, 18.9–32.3; P < .0001) estimated with propensity score matching. A significant reduction in 30-day mortality was also observed in the subgroups of patients with sepsis (HR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06–0.74), acute-on-chronic liver failure (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.03–0.99), and a model for end-stage liver disease score ≥25 (HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.08–0.92). At competing risk analysis, C/EI of beta-lactams was associated with significantly higher rates of hospital discharge (subdistribution hazard [95% CI], 1.62 [1.06–2.47]).

Conclusions
C/EI of beta-lactams in cirrhotic patients with BSI may improve outcomes and facilitate earlier discharge.
High-Risk Ileocolic Anastomoses for Crohn’s Disease: When Is Diversion Indicated?
Authors: Neary Peter M , Aiello Alexandra C , Stocchi Luca , Shawki Sherief , Hull Tracy , Steele Scott R , Delaney Conor P , Holubar Stefan D 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Patients with Crohn’s disease undergoing ileocolectomy and primary anastomosis are often at increased risk of anastomotic leak. We aimed to determine whether diverting ileostomy was protective against anastomotic leak after ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease using a large international registry.

Methods
We analysed the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Colectomy Module from 2012 to 2016. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and propensity-score matching were used to identify independent risk factors for leak, and to test the hypothesis that diverting ileostomy was protective against anastomotic leakage.

Results
A total of 4172 [92%] patients underwent primary anastomosis, and 365 [8%] underwent anastomosis plus ileostomy. The leak rates in the two groups were 4.5% and 2.7%, [p = 0.12], respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated ileostomy omission, emergency surgery, smoking, inpatient status, wound classification 3 or 4, weight loss, steroid use, and prolonged operative time were independently associated with leak. Patients with 0–6 risk factors had leak rates of 1.6%, 2.7%, 4.3%, 6.7%, 8.8%, 11.5%, and 14.3% [p ≤ 0.001], respectively. Following propensity-score matching, ileostomy reduced the risk of leak rate by 55% [p = 0.005]. Patients with primary anastomosis who leaked most frequently required reoperation [57.8%], but anastomosis plus ileostomy patients who leaked most frequently were managed by percutaneous drainage [70%], p = 0.04.

Conclusions
After ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease, anastomotic leak may be predicted by simple addition of risk factors. We found that diverting ileostomy mitigated against leak, reducing both the leak rate and the likelihood of unplanned reoperations. Faecal diversion should be considered when ≥3 risk factors are present.
Gene and Mirna Regulatory Networks During Different Stages of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Verstockt Sare , De Hertogh Gert , Van der Goten Jan , Verstockt Bram , Vancamelbeke Maaike , Machiels Kathleen , Van Lommel Leentje , Schuit Frans , Van Assche Gert , Rutgeerts Paul , Ferrante Marc , Vermeire Séverine , Arijs Ingrid , Cleynen Isabelle 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsEarly treatment of Crohn’s disease [CD] is required in order to optimize patient outcomes. To this end, we need to gain a better understanding of the molecular changes at the onset of CD.MethodsAs a model for the earliest mucosal CD lesions, we study post-operative recurrent CD [Rutgeerts score ≥ i2b]. We are the first to analyse gene and microRNA [miRNA] expression profiles in ileal biopsies from these patients, and compare them with those of newly diagnosed [≤18 months] and late-stage [>10 years after diagnosis] CD patients.ResultsExcept for one gene [WNT5A], there are no differential genes in CD patients without post-operative recurrence [i0], showing that previous disease did not influence gene expression in the neoterminal ileum, and that this model can be used to study early mucosal CD lesions. Gene expression and co-expression network dysregulation is more pronounced in newly diagnosed and late-stage CD than in post-operative recurrent CD, with most important modules associated with [a]granulocyte adhesion/diapedesis, and cholesterol biosynthesis. In contrast, we found a role for snoRNAs/miRNAs in recurrent CD, highlighting the potential importance of regulatory RNAs in early disease stages. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of key dysregulated genes in damaged/regenerating epithelium and immune cells in recurrent CD.ConclusionsAside from regulatory RNAs, there are no clear gene signatures separating post-operative recurrent, newly diagnosed, and late-stage CD. The relative contribution of dysregulated genes and networks differs, and suggests that surgery may reset the disease at the mucosal site, and therefore post-operative recurrent CD might be a good model a good model to study to study early mucosal CD lesions.
Preventable premature deaths (PYLL) in Northern Dimension partnership countries 2003–13
Authors: Vienonen Mikko A , Jousilahti Pekka J , Mackiewicz Karolina , Oganov Rafael G , Pisaryk Vital M , Denissov Gleb R , Nurm Ulla-Karin , Pudule Iveta , Gurevicius Romualdas J , Zabłocki Bartosz M , Friberg Marita I , Krasilnikov Igor A , Koistinen Veli O , Vohlonen Ilkka J 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Objective was to measure preventable premature loss of life in countries from same geographical area but with considerable differences in social and economic development. By comparing inter-country differences and similarities in premature mortality, acceleration of health-in-all-policies is enhanced.

Methods
Preventable premature deaths were described by Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL). Data consisted of death registers for 2003, 2009 and 2013. PYLL-rates were age-standardized by using standard OECD population from 1980 and expressed as sum of lost life years per 100 000 citizens.

Results
In Northern Dimension area, PYLL-rates had declined from 2003 to 2013. In 2013, worst PYLL-rate was in Belarus 9851 and best in Sweden 2511. PYLL-rates among men were twice as high as among women. Most premature losses (1023) were due to external causes. Malignant neoplasms came second (921) and vascular diseases third (816). Alcohol was also an important cause (270) and country differences were over 10-fold.

Conclusions
In ND-area, the overall development of public health has been good during 2003–13. Nevertheless, for all countries foci for public health improvement and learning from each other could be identified. Examining the health of populations in countries from relatively similar geographical area with different social history and cultures can provide them with evidence-based tools for health-in-all-policies to advocate health promotion and disease prevention. Gender differences due to preventable premature deaths are striking. The higher the national PYLL-rate, the bigger the PYLL-rate difference between men and women and the loss of human capital.
Housing Plus Services, IADL Impairment, and Healthcare Expenditures: Evidence from the Medicare Current Beneficiaries Survey
Authors: Akincigil Ayse , Greenfield Emily A 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDespite enthusiasm for the potential cost savings of embedding supportive services in senior housing, few population health studies have empirically examined such associations. We investigated the extent to which associations between housing plus services in senior housing and healthcare expenditures depend upon residents’ instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) impairment and the level of services available.Research Design and MethodsWe used data from 2,601 participants aged 65 or older in the 2001–2013 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, who reported living in senior or retirement housing. Based on survey self-reports, we created a measure of housing with different levels of services, including the categories of housing without services, housing plus services (i.e., assistance with IADLs, but not with medications), and housing plus enhanced services (i.e., assistance with IADLs including medications). Administrative and survey data were used to create measures of healthcare expenditures paid by all sources. We estimated generalized linear models based on pooled data from participants across the 13 years of data collection.ResultsResidents with IADL impairment—who lived in housing plus enhanced services—had lower total healthcare expenditures than their counterparts in housing without services and housing plus services. Upon examining component healthcare costs, this pattern of results was similar for inpatient/subacute care, as well as ambulatory care, but not for home health care.Discussion and ImplicationsFindings indicate the importance of studies on the cost savings of housing-based service programs to consider resident IADL status and the types of services available.
The thermal boundary layer due to viscous dissipation in impulsively started Poiseuille flow
Authors: Kay Anthony 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Viscous dissipation occurs in the boundary layers on the walls of a channel in which a flow is accelerated from rest by the sudden imposition of a pressure gradient. We analyse the thermal boundary layer due to this dissipative heating, obtaining numerical solutions and also asymptotic solutions for the cases of both large and small Prandtl number, with both isothermal and adiabatic wall conditions. With large $\mathrm{Pr}$ the temperature rise is controlled by the viscous layer, so is independent of $\mathrm{Pr}$ and of the wall condition. With small $\mathrm{Pr}$ heat is conducted away from the viscous layer more rapidly, so the temperature rise is reduced as $\mathrm{Pr}$ decreases.
Breastfeeding by Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Resource-Rich Setting: A Case Series of Maternal and Infant Management and Outcomes
Authors: Nashid N , Khan S , Loutfy M , MacGillivray J , Yudin M H , Campbell D M , Barozzino T , Baqi M , Read S E , Bitnun A 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe reduction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission through breastmilk with maternal combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led many pregnant women living with HIV and healthcare providers to question exclusive formula feeding in resource-rich settings. Here, we describe cART prophylaxis in 3 breastfed infants whose mothers had sustained virologic suppression; all 3 of these infants remained uninfected.
Health care-associated invasive Candida infections in children
Authors: Öncü Bahaettin , Belet Nurşen , Emecen Ahmet Naci , Birinci Asuman 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The aims of the study were to examine the distribution of Candida spp. isolated from sterile body sites, the antifungal susceptibility of the isolates to amphotericin B, and fluconazole, risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with invasive health care-associated Candida infections in neonates and children. Between January 2007 and January 2012, the patients with invasive candidiasis were detected from microbiology laboratary records and medical records were examined retrospectively. Candida spp. were isolated from sterile body sites in 94 patients. The most common underlying diseases were prematurity in neonates and surgery in children. Parenteral nutrition, stay in intensive care unit (ICU), and mechanical ventilation (MV) were major risk factors in neonates. Hospitalization before infection and immunosuppressant therapy were significantly more frequent in children. Of Candida infection episodes, 29.8% was due to C. albicans and 70.2% was due to non-albicans Candida spp. The most common isolated species was C. parapsilosis. Of the Candida species, 90.8% were sensitive, and 9.2% were resistant to fluconazole. The rate of amphotericin B resistant was 1.3%; 23.4% of the patients died in the first 30 days. The main variables associated with mortality were neonates, prematurity, stay in the ICU, parenteral nutrition, MV, length of stay, amphotericin B susceptibility, and high levels of C-reactive protein.
Vascular access in children requiring maintenance haemodialysis: a consensus document by the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology Dialysis Working Group
Authors: Shroff Rukshana , Calder Francis , Bakkaloğlu Sevcan , Nagler Evi V , Stuart Sam , Stronach Lynsey , Schmitt Claus P , Heckert Karl H , Bourquelot Pierre , Wagner Ann-Marie , Paglialonga Fabio , Mitra Sandip , Stefanidis Constantinos J ,   European Society for Paediatric Nephrology Dialysis Working Group, Aufricht C , Van de Walle J , Vondrak K , Holtta T , Ranchin B , Zaloszyc A , Krid S , Pietrement C , Schmitt C P , Klaus G , Muller D , Thumfart J , Stefanidis C , Printza N , Stabouli S , Edefonti A , Paglialonga F , Peruzzi L , Verrina E , Vidal E , Allinovi M , Guzzo I , Jankauskiene A , Zurowska A , Tkaczyk M , Do Sameiro Faria M , Ariceta G , Sartz L , Bakkaloglu S , Duzova A , Ekim M , Karabay-Bayazit A , Düşünsel R , Çalışkan S , Alpay H , Sinha M , Hothi D , Shroff R 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are three principle forms of vascular access available for the treatment of children with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) by haemodialysis: tunnelled catheters placed in a central vein (central venous lines, CVLs), arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), and arteriovenous grafts (AVG) using prosthetic or biological material. Compared with the adult literature, there are few studies in children to provide evidence based guidelines for optimal vascular access type or its management and outcomes in children with ESKD.MethodsThe European Society for Paediatric Nephrology Dialysis Working Group (ESPN Dialysis WG) have developed recommendations for the choice of access type, pre-operative evaluation, monitoring, and prevention and management of complications of different access types in children with ESKD.ResultsFor adults with ESKD on haemodialysis, the principle of “Fistula First” has been key to changing the attitude to vascular access for haemodialysis. However, data from multiple observational studies and the International Paediatric Haemodialysis Network registry suggest that CVLs are associated with a significantly higher rate of infections and access dysfunction, and need for access replacement. Despite this, AVFs are used in only ∼25% of children on haemodialysis. It is important to provide the right access for the right patient at the right time in their life-course of renal replacement therapy, with an emphasis on venous preservation at all times. While AVFs may not be suitable in the very young or those with an anticipated short dialysis course before transplantation, many paediatric studies have shown that AVFs are superior to CVLs.ConclusionsHere we present clinical practice recommendations for AVFs and CVLs in children with ESKD. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system has been used to develop and GRADE the recommendations. In the absence of high quality evidence, the opinion of experts from the ESPN Dialysis WG is provided, but is clearly GRADE-ed as such and must be carefully considered by the treating physician, and adapted to local expertise and individual patient needs as appropriate.
Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: 2-Dimensional Surgical Video
Authors: McMordie Joseph H , Chen Eric X , Ehlers Landon D , Gillis Christopher C 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This operative video is a detailed look at minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. We provide a step-by-step guide with appropriate narration and operative video to enhance the educational experience. We review clinical and radiographic evaluation, patient positioning, intraoperative navigation, localization, percutaneous pedicle screw placement, minimally invasive approach, disc space preparation, placement of interbody device, and closure. By presenting up-to-date minimally invasive and intraoperative navigation techniques, this video provides educational benefit to all neurosurgeons regardless of training level.
Frameless Robot-Assisted Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery: An Initial Experience
Authors: Ho Allen L , Pendharkar Arjun V , Brewster Ryan , Martinez Derek L , Jaffe Richard A , Xu Linda W , Miller Kai J , Halpern Casey H 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Modern robotic-assist surgical systems have revolutionized stereotaxy for a variety of procedures by increasing operative efficiency while preserving and even improving accuracy and safety. However, experience with robotic systems in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is scarce.

OBJECTIVE
To present an initial series of DBS surgery performed utilizing a frameless robotic solution for image-guided stereotaxy, and report on operative efficiency, stereotactic accuracy, and complications.

METHODS
This study included the initial 20 consecutive patients undergoing bilateral robot-assisted DBS. The prior 20 nonrobotic, frameless cohort of DBS cases was sampled as a baseline historic control. For both cohorts, patient demographic and clinical data were collected including postoperative complications. Intraoperative duration and number of Microelectrode recording (MER) and final lead passes were recorded. For the robot-assisted cohort, 2D radial errors were calculated.

RESULTS
Mean case times (total operating room, anesthesia, and operative times) were all significantly decreased in the robot-assisted cohort (all P-values < .02) compared to frameless DBS. When looking at trends in case times, operative efficiency improved over time in the robot-assisted cohort across all time assessment points. Mean radial error in the robot-assisted cohort was 1.40 ± 0.11 mm, and mean depth error was 1.05 ± 0.18 mm. There was a significant decrease in the average number of MER passes in the robot-assisted cohort (1.05) compared to the nonrobotic cohort (1.45, P < .001).

CONCLUSION
This is the first report of application of frameless robotic-assistance with the Mazor Renaissance platform (Mazor Robotics Ltd, Caesarea, Israel) for DBS surgery, and our findings reveal that an initial experience is safe and can have a positive impact on operative efficiency, accuracy, and safety.