bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Capacity Building for Informal STEM Education: Working for Success Across the Field
Authors: Bequette Marjorie , Cardiel Christopher L. B. , Cohn Sarah , Kollmann Elizabeth Kunz , Lawrenz Frances 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInformal STEM education (ISE) organizations, especially museums, have used evaluation productively but unevenly. We argue that advancing evaluation in ISE requires that evaluation capacity building (ECB) broadens to include not only professional evaluators but also other professionals such as educators, exhibit developers, activity facilitators, and institutional leaders. We identify four categories of evaluation capacity: evaluation skill and knowledge, use of evaluation, organizational systems related to conducting or integrating evaluation, and values related to evaluation. We studied a field‐wide effort to build evaluation capacity across a network of organizations and found it important to address individuals’ evaluation capacities as well as capacities at the organizational level. Organizational factors that support ECB included redundancy of evaluation capacities across multiple people in an organization, institutional coherence around the value of evaluation, and recognition that ECB can be led from multiple levels of an organizational hierarchy. We argue that the increasing emphasis on evaluation in the ISE field represents an exciting opportunity and that, with targeted strategies and investments, ECB holds great promise for the future of ISE and ISE evaluation.
Impact of hybrid flame retardant on the flammability and thermomechanical properties of wood sawdust polymer composite panel
Authors: Suoware Timine O. , Edelugo Sylvester O. , Ezema Ikechukwu C. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWood‐based polymer composites represent a growing interest in the building industry. The fire response of this composite type is a concern to many end users. This study utilizes wood sawdust as reinforcement to develop flame retarded wood sawdust polyester composite (WSPC) panel. Flame retardant (FR) chemicals such as aluminium tri‐hydroxide (ATH), intumescent FR (ammonium polyphosphate [APP] Gum Arabic Powder [GAP]), and the combination of ATH and APP‐GAP (hybrid) at 0%, 12%, and 18% were used to modify the WSPC panel using hand lay‐up compression moulding technique. Tensile and flexural properties, thermal and flammability properties, and macroscopic image observations (MIOs) were examined using universal testing machine, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DSC), and the cone calorimeter apparatus (CCA), respectively. The results obtained show that the added nonhybrid FR in the WSPC panel enhanced the tensile and flexural strength while a reduction in the tensile modulus was observed. In the thermal stability, TGA analysis reveals that the added hybrid FR did not exhibit significant change in the thermal stability of the WSPC panel while cone calorimeter results show significant improvement in some fire properties. It can be concluded that the hybrid FR when incorporated in WSPC panel can be of great benefit to the building industry.
Secondary findings: How did we get here, and where are we going?
Authors: Ormond Kelly E. , O'Daniel Julianne M. , Kalia Sarah S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommendations for reporting of incidental (now “secondary”) findings in clinical exome and genome sequencing (Green et al., Genet Med 15:565, 2013) is an often cited and sometimes misapplied professional guideline. To best approach the current state of secondary findings (SFs) in genomic medicine, and consider their impact, it is helpful to understand how and why the guideline was created. Of particular importance is the context ‐ the state of the science and clinical practice during 2011–2012 when the guideline were initially developed. This paper will review the setting before the guidelines were published, and empiric research and discussion that has occurred since.
Challenges of infertility genetic counseling: Impact on counselors' personal and professional lives
Authors: Liker Karina , Black Lauri , Weil Jon , Bruce Janine , Bereknyei Merrell Sylvia , Bivona Stephanie , Ormond Kelly E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInfertility genetic counselors (GCs) work with patients struggling to become pregnant who desire genetic testing of embryos and preconception genetic testing or carrier screening. Because personal and professional challenges have not been examined in this relatively new genetic counseling specialty, we investigated the difficulties infertility GCs face in their professional roles. Past and present infertility GCs in patient‐facing roles were recruited through the National Society of Genetic Counselors. Purposive sampling ensured participants were diverse in clinical setting, reproductive history, and other demographics. Nineteen participants completed a semi‐structured interview, at which time data saturation occurred. Thematic analysis revealed infertility GCs consider their patients more emotionally stressed than patients in other specialties. Infertility GCs relate easily to patients, build long‐term patient relationships, and feel invested in the reproductive successes of patients. Participants reported heightened concern for their own fertility, leading to high personal uptake of preconception genetic and fertility tests. Participants described discomfort when counseling while visibly pregnant and reluctance to disclose their own reproductive histories. Further research is needed on the complex interactions of GCs' personal and professional lives. Peer support groups and professional dialogue about the personal effects of the role may be beneficial for infertility GCs.
Inter‐annual variation of tropical cyclones simulated by GEOS‐5 AGCM with modified convection scheme
Authors: Seo Eunkyo , Lee Myong‐In , Kim Dongmin , Lim Young‐Kwon , Schubert Siegfried D. , Kim Kyu‐Myong 
Published: March 2019

The Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS‐5) global climate model with a 50‐km horizontal resolution is forced by observed sea surface temperature (SST) to examine the fidelity of the seasonal‐mean and inter‐annual variation of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific (WNP) and the North Atlantic (NATL). The standard Relaxed Arakawa Schubert (RAS) deep convection scheme is modified to improve the representation of TCs, where the scheme implements a stochastic limit of the cumulus entrainment rate. The modification drives mid‐ and upper‐tropospheric cooling and low‐ to mid‐tropospheric drying in the background state, which tends to increase atmospheric instability. This enables the model to increase convective variability on an intra‐seasonal timescale and improve the simulation of intense storms.Five‐member ensemble runs with the modified RAS scheme for 12 years (1998–2009) exhibit realistic spatial distributions in the climatological‐mean TC development area and their pathways over WNP and NATL. The GCM is able to reproduce the inter‐annual variation of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) by prescribing yearly varying observed SST even though the individual TC intensity is still underpredicted. A sensitivity of TC activity to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase is also reproduced realistically over WNP in terms of the spatial pattern changes in the main development region and TC pathways. However, the model exhibits a notable deficiency in NATL in reproducing the observed inter‐annual variation of TC activity and the sensitivity to the ENSO.
Identification of geographical origin of Keemun black tea based on its volatile composition coupled with multivariate statistical analyses
Authors: Fang Shimao , Ning Jingming , Huang Wen‐Jing , Zhang Gang , Deng Wei‐Wei , Zhang Zhengzhu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDKeemun black tea (KBT) is one of the most popular tea beverages in China as a result of its unique flavor and potential health benefits. The geographical origin of KBT influences its quality and price. The present study aimed to apply a head‐space solid phase microextraction approach and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with chemometric analysis to profile the volatile compounds of KBT collected from five production areas.RESULTSThirty‐one peaks were detected in 61 KBT samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), k‐nearest neighbor (k‐NN) and stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) were employed to visualize the volatile fractions. The results of unsupervised statistical tools were compared using a test for similarities and distinctions, which showed that different sources may be associated. A satisfying combination of average recognition (91.7%) and cross‐validation prediction abilities (84.6%) was obtained for the PCA–k‐NN. Among all of the statistical tools, SLDA provided promising results, with 100% recognition and 96.4% prediction ability.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained in the present study indicate that the volatile compounds can be used as indicators to identify the geographical origin of KBT. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Readmissions following ambulatory pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: McKeon Mallory , Medina Genevieve , Kawai Kosuke , Cunningham Michael , Adil Eelam 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisEndoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is indicated in select pediatric patients with medically refractory sinus disease. Our objectives were to examine indications and rates of readmission following ambulatory pediatric ESS and identify specific subgroups that may benefit from inpatient admission.Study DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsThe Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) 2004–2016 database was retrospectively reviewed for patients age <18 years who underwent ambulatory ESS between January 2011 and December 2016 and were readmitted within 30 days postoperatively. Data regarding demographics, extent of surgery, comorbidities, adjunctive procedures, and cost were collected. A multivariable mixed‐effects logistic regression model was employed for analysis.ResultsWe identified 3,669 unique pediatric ESS cases with 128 readmissions within 30 days (3.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.9%‐4.1%). Median cost of readmission was $980 (mean, $5,890; standard deviation, $13,421). The most common indication for readmission was epistaxis (17.2%), followed by nausea/abdominal pain (14.1%). Respiratory infection (13.3%) and sinusitis (10.2%) presented a combined readmission rate exceeding that of epistaxis alone. Multivariable analysis indicated age <3 years (odds ratio [OR]: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.96‐5.93) and a prior diagnosis of asthma (OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.99‐4.18) or cystic fibrosis (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.00‐2.44) significantly increased the risk of readmission. Extent of ESS and simultaneous adenoidectomy, septoplasty, or turbinate reduction had no significant impact on readmission rates.ConclusionsESS is a relatively safe outpatient surgical procedure in pediatric patients, with an overall readmission rate of 3.5%. Clinicians should consider careful preoperative evaluation of very young patients and those with cystic fibrosis or asthma to optimize perioperative management and determine if postoperative admission is warranted, given their significantly higher readmission rates.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:2681–2686, 2019
Functionalization of WS2 Nanotubes with Fluorescent C‐dots and Conductive Polythiophenes
Authors: Kumar Vijay Bhooshan , Harel Yifat , Ben‐Ishay Rivka , Lellouche Jean‐Paul , Gedanken Aharon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMultifunctional nanoparticles have attracted significant interest for their multifunctional applications. Described herein is the building of a new hybrid nanocomposite particle, conjugating tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes (NTs) to fluorescent carbon dots (C‐dots). Hybrid WS2‐C‐dots hyb‐NTs nanomaterials are prepared by a hydrothermal reaction of PEDOTAc‐WS2 NTs, where the PEDOTAc (poly 2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxine‐2‐carboxylic acid) polymer serves as the C‐dots precursor. The physical and chemical properties of the as‐synthesized WS2‐C‐dots hyb‐NTs are determined by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CHNSO analysis, and fluorescence, Raman, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The WS2‐C‐dots hyb‐NTs are shown to be very stable at normal room temperature and pressure and could be useful for multicolor cell imaging and targeted cell killing.
Patterns of community assembly in the developing chicken microbiome reveal rapid primary succession
Authors: Jurburg Stephanie D. , Brouwer Michael S. M. , Ceccarelli Daniela , van der Goot Jeanet , Jansman Alfons J. M. , Bossers Alex 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe fine‐scale temporal dynamics of the chicken gut microbiome are unexplored, but thought to be critical for chicken health and productivity. Here, we monitored the fecal microbiome of healthy chickens on days 1–7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 after hatching, and performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in order to obtain a high‐resolution census of the fecal microbiome over time. In the period studied, the fecal microbiomes of the developing chickens showed a linear‐log increase in community richness and consistent shifts in community composition. Three successional stages were detected: the first stage was dominated by vertically transmitted or rapidly colonizing taxa including Streptococcus and Escherichia/Shigella; in the second stage beginning on day 4, these taxa were displaced by rapid‐growing taxa including Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcus‐like species variants; and in the third stage, starting on day 10, slow‐growing, specialist taxa including Candidatus Arthrobacter and Romboutsia were detected. The patterns of displacement and the previously reported ecological characteristics of many of the dominant taxa observed suggest that resource competition plays an important role in regulating successional dynamics in the developing chicken gut. We propose that the boundaries between successional stages (3–4 and 14–21 days after hatching) may be optimal times for microbiome interventions.
Dipole filtering antenna with quasi‐elliptic peak gain response using parasitic elements
Authors: Niu Bing‐Jian , Tan Jie‐Hong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA dipole filtering antenna with a quasi‐elliptic peak gain frequency response is proposed. It consists of a driven dipole, a parasitic resonator and a parasitic meandered resonator with the same resonant length. By introducing these two parasitic elements, the proposed antenna has two reflection zeros in the passband and two radiation nulls in the stopbands. An antenna prototype centering at 1.85 GHz is fabricated. Measured peak gain and radiation efficiency achieve minimum values of −7.95 dBi and 4.23% at 1.73 GHz and −4.17 dBi and 7.78% at 1.92 GHz, respectively. The roll‐off factor of peak gain is 182.52 dB/GHz at the lower sideband and 281.27 dB/GHz at the upper sideband, respectively. Measured results verify the effectiveness of the proposed design. Compared to conventional dipole antennas, the proposed antenna achieves widen impedance bandwidth as well as filtering frequency performance such as flat passband gain, steep sideband selectivity and high stopband suppression.
Fast quantitative 3D ultrashort echo time MRI of cortical bone using extended cones sampling
Authors: Wan Lidi , Zhao Wei , Ma Yajun , Jerban Saeed , Searleman Adam C. , Carl Michael , Chang Eric Y. , Tang Guangyu , Du Jiang 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo investigate the effect of stretching sampling window on quantitative 3D ultrashort TE (UTE) imaging of cortical bone at 3 T.MethodsTen bovine cortical bone and 17 human tibial midshaft samples were imaged with a 3T clinical MRI scanner using an 8‐channel knee coil. Quantitative 3D UTE imaging biomarkers, including T1, , magnetization transfer ratio and magnetization transfer modeling, were performed using radial or spiral Cones sampling trajectories with various durations. Errors in UTE‐MRI biomarkers as a function of sampling time were evaluated using radial sampling as a reference standard.ResultsFor both bovine and human cortical bone samples, no significant differences were observed for all UTE biomarkers (single‐component , bicomponent and relative fractions, T1, magnetization transfer ratio, and magnetization transfer modeling of macromolecular fraction) for spiral sampling windows of 992 µs to 1600 µs compared with a radial sampling window of 688 µs.ConclusionThe total scan time can be reduced by 76% with quantification errors less than 5%. Quantitative UTE‐MRI techniques can be greatly accelerated using longer sampling windows without significant quantification errors.
Trendbericht Organische Chemie
Authors: Andexer Jennifer N. , Beifuss Uwe , Beuerle Florian , Brasholz Malte , Breinbauer Rolf , Ernst Martin , Gulder Tobias A. M. , Kath‐Schorr Stephanie , Kordes Markus , Lehmann Matthias , Lindel Thomas , Lüdeke Steffen , Luy Burkhard , Mantel Marvin , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Muhle‐Goll Claudia , Narine Arun , Niemeyer Jochen , Pfau Roland , Pietruszka Jörg , Schaschke Norbert , Senge Mathias O. , Straub Bernd F. , Werner Thomas , Werz Daniel B. , Winter Christian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRekordwert bei der Umwandlung von Sonnenlicht in Tandemsolarzellen – längstes Acen – X‐förmiges Porphyrintetramer – hochpotenter Influenza‐Neuramidinidase‐Inhibitor – Totalsynthese von Isoplagiochin D – chirales Phosphat zur stereoselektiven Katalyse – mechanochemische Direktsynthese einfacher Alkoxysilane aus Silicium und Alkoholen.
Vierzehnte J‐NOST‐Konferenz in Hyderabad
Authors: Memmel Philipp 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDer National Organic Symposium Trust (NOST) organisiert in regelmäßigen Abständen Symposien im Fachgebiet der Organischen Chemie an verschiedenen Orten in Indien. Anfang Dezember 2018 fand die 14. NOST Conference for Research Scholars (J‐NOST) am CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology in Hyderabad statt.
Multiobjective optimization‐based design of stabilizing piles in earth slopes
Authors: Tang Huiming , Gong Wenping , Wang Liangqing , Juang C. Hsein , Martin James R. , Li Changdong 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThough the technology of using stabilizing piles to prevent landsliding is not new, the design of such piles with a meaningful optimization framework has been rarely reported. In this paper, a multiobjective optimization‐based framework for design of stabilizing piles is presented, in which both reinforcement effectiveness and cost efficiency could be explicitly considered. The design parameters considered in the proposed design framework are the pile parameters, including pile diameter, spacing, length, and position, and the design objectives considered are the reinforcement effectiveness and cost efficiency. The design of stabilizing piles is then implemented as a multiobjective optimization problem. In that the desire to maximize the reinforcement effectiveness and that to maximize the cost efficiency are two conflicting objectives, the output of this multiobjective optimization will be a Pareto front that depicts a trade‐off between these two design objectives. With the obtained Pareto front, an informed decision regarding the design of stabilizing piles is reached. The effectiveness and significance of the proposed multiobjective optimization‐based design framework for stabilizing piles are demonstrated through two illustrative examples: one is the design of stabilizing piles in a one‐layer earth slope and the other the design of stabilizing piles in a two‐layer earth slope. Further, parametric analyses are conducted to investigate the influences of the pile design parameters on the stability of reinforced slopes.
Iron Status and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity in Prepubertal Children
Authors: Suárez‐Ortegón Milton Fabian , Echeverri Isabella , Prats‐Puig Anna , Bassols Judit , Carreras‐Badosa Gemma , López‐Bermejo Abel , Fernández‐Real Jose Manuel 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the association of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) with iron status markers in prepubertal children.MethodsThree hundred twelve prepubertal children with overweight and obesity from a pediatric general Spanish population were evaluated. MHO and MUO were defined as obesity with the absence or presence of metabolic syndrome components. Phenotypes of metabolically healthy overweight including obesity (MHOV) and metabolically unhealthy overweight including obesity (MUOV) were also studied and defined using the same criteria. Serum ferritin, transferrin, and blood hemoglobin levels were evaluated.ResultsPrevalence rates of MHOV and MHO were 35% (n = 111/312) and 27.1% (n = 42/155), respectively. Ferritin and hemoglobin levels were higher in children with MUOV versus MHOV (P < 0.05). MUO was positively associated with ferritin (beta [95% CI] = 0.43 [0.05 to 0.81]) and hemoglobin levels (0.43 [0.05 to 0.81]). These associations remained significant independently of age, sex, C‐reactive protein, physical activity, and BMI/waist z scores in bivariate linear regression models. In multivariable models, transaminase levels attenuated the association of MUO with ferritin and hemoglobin levels (P > 0.05).ConclusionsMUOV and MUO are associated with higher ferritin and hemoglobin levels in prepubertal children affected by overweight and obesity. Increased circulating ferritin in MUO might be influenced by liver injury.
A comparative study on wear and friction characteristics of phenolic composite coatings filled with different morphologies ZnO
Authors: Wu Liangfei , Zhang Zhaozhu , Yang Mingming , Yuan Junya , Men Xuehu , Guo Fang 
Published: March 2019

In this paper, different morphologies ZnO (disk‐like, rod‐like, and nanoparticles) were introduced into phenolic composite coatings to comparatively investigate the tribological properties. The structural and morphological characterization was conducted with Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The tribological performances of composite coatings were evaluated using ring‐on‐block tester under dry condition at room temperature. Experimental results indicated that composite coatings filled with 1 wt% ZnO micro‐disks possessed the optimal tribological performances. It was attributed to the strong interfacial interaction between ZnO micro‐disks and phenolic matrix induced by their specific polar structure. Moreover, different loads and sliding speeds were employed to further evaluate the tribological performances of ZnO micro‐disks/phenolic composite coatings. The outcome revealed that ZnO micro‐disks were potential anti‐wear fillers under harsh condition.