bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supraclavicular flap practice patterns and outcomes: A survey of 221 AHNS surgeons
Authors: Day Andrew T. , Tang Liyang , Emerick Kevin , Patel Urjeet A. , Deschler Daniel G. , Richmon Jeremy D. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo describe American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) surgeon supraclavicular flap (SCF) practice patterns and to identify variables associated with SCF complications.MethodsThe design is a cross‐sectional study. An online survey was distributed to 782 AHNS surgeons between November 11, 2016, and December 31, 2016. The primary outcome was frequency of SCF complications. Independent variables included demographics, training, practice patterns, and SCF techniques.ResultsAdequate survey responses were obtained from 221 AHNS surgeons. Among these, 54.3% (n = 120) performed supraclavicular flaps (SCFs). Most surgeons used the SCF for cutaneous (n = 85; 78.7%) or parotid–temporal bone (n = 59; 54.6%) defects. Nearly one‐third (n = 31; 29.8%) of surgeons experienced more than a “few” SCF complications. Surgeons experienced fewer pectoralis major flap (P < 0.001) and radial forearm free flap (P < 0.001) complications compared to SCF complications. Univariate analysis demonstrated no association between surgeons with “few” SCF complications and Doppler use in SCF design (P = 0.90), harvest location (P = 0.51), and pedicle skeletonization (P = 0.25). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that surgeons performing more than 30 SCFs compared to less than or equal to 30 SCFs had a greater odds of having “few” SCF complications (odds ratio 7.1, 95% confidence interval [1.1–43.9], P = 0.04).ConclusionA majority of surgeons performing SCFs use the flap to reconstruct cutaneous and parotid–temporal bone defects. The significance of relatively higher SCF complications compared to other routine flaps should be explored further. Surgeon experience with the SCF appears to be significantly associated with SCF success, whereas training characteristics, practice patterns, and technical variations may not be associated with SCF outcomes.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:2012–2019, 2019
Nationwide estimations of tracheal stenosis due to tracheostomies
Authors: Johnson Romaine F. , Saadeh Charles 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTracheal stenosis is a recognized complication of tracheostomy. Yet, the incidence and demographics of tracheal stenosis due to tracheostomies have infrequently been studied.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of U.S. emergency department (ED) visits, hospital discharges, and readmissions using the 2013 National Emergency Department Sample, 2013 National Inpatient Sample, and 2013 Nationwide Readmission Database for patients with tracheal stenosis due to tracheostomies. Also, we queried the readmission database for new tracheostomy patients who were readmitted within the same calendar year with tracheal stenosis due to the tracheostomy tube.ResultsThere were an estimated 6,156 ED visits; 4,920 hospital discharges; and 2,316 readmissions for tracheal stenosis due to tracheostomies in 2013. These cases represented 28% of all tracheostomy‐related complications. Of the 103,484 patients who underwent tracheostomy in 2013, 739 (1.05%) patients were readmitted within the calendar year with tracheal stenosis due to the tracheostomy tube. These stenosis patients’ average age was 55 years old. Forty‐five percent of the patients were female and 60% were white. The mortality rate was 7.9%. The demographic risk of stenosis mirrored the risk of tracheostomy: increasing age, male gender, and black ethnicity.ConclusionTracheal stenosis due to tracheostomy was uncommon, accounting for 1% of readmissions after tracheostomies, although it represented 28% of tracheostomy‐related complications and had a high mortality rate. The risk of stenosis reflected the overall tracheostomy population without apparent age, gender, or racial predilections.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:1623–1626, 2019
Reliability of grading of facial palsy using a video tutorial with synchronous video recording
Authors: Volk Gerd Fabian , Schaede Rebecca Anna , Thielker Jovanna , Modersohn Luise , Mothes Oliver , Nduka Charles C. , Barth Jodi Maron , Denzler Joachim , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the intrarater, interrater, and retest reliability of facial nerve grading of patients with facial palsy (FP) using standardized videos recorded synchronously during a self‐explanatory patient video tutorial.Study DesignProspective, observational study.MethodsThe automated videos from 10 patients with varying degrees of FP (5 acute, 5 chronic FP) and videos without tutorial from eight patients (all chronic FP) were rated by five novices and five experts according to the House‐Brackmann grading system (HB), the Sunnybrook Grading System (SB), and the Facial Nerve Grading System 2.0 (FNGS 2.0).ResultsIntrarater reliability for the three grading systems was very high using the automated videos (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]; SB: ICC = 0.967; FNGS 2.0: ICC = 0.931; HB: ICC = 0.931). Interrater reliability was also high (SB: ICC = 0.921; FNGS 2.0: ICC = 0.837; HB: ICC = 0.736), but for HB Fleiss kappa (0.214) and Kendell W (0.231) was low. The interrater reliability was not different between novices and experts. Retest reliability was very high (SB: novices ICC = 0.979; experts ICC = 0.964; FNGS 2.0: novices ICC = 0.979; experts ICC = 0.969). The reliability of grading of chronic FP with SB was higher using automated videos with tutorial (ICC = 0.845) than without tutorial (ICC = 0.538).ConclusionThe reliability of the grading using the automated videos is excellent, especially for the SB grading. We recommend using this automated video tool regularly in clinical routine and for clinical studies.Level of Evidence4xsLaryngoscope, 129:2274–2279, 2019
Association of household income and education with prevalence of hearing impairment in Japan
Authors: Fukui Junpei , Nobutoh Chinatsu , Okada Masahiro , Takagi Daiki , Tanaka Keiko , Senba Hidenori , Teraoka Masato , Yamada Hiroyuki , Matsuura Bunzo , Hato Naohito , Miyake Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisEpidemiological information regarding the relationship between household income and education and hearing impairment (HI) is limited. The present cross‐sectional study investigated this issue in Japan.Study DesignCross‐sectional investigation.MethodsStudy subjects were 371 men and 639 women aged 36 to 84 years. A self‐administered questionnaire was used. Audiological assessment was performed by pure‐tone audiometry. HI was defined as present in subjects who did not respond to a pure‐tone average of >25 dB HL in the better hearing ear according to the World Health Organization standard. Adjustment was made for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index.ResultsThe prevalence of HI was 31.5% in 371 men and 20.8% in 639 women. In men, a slight inverted J‐shaped association was observed between household income and HI, compared with a household income of <3 million yen per year. A household income of 3 to 5 million yen, but not of 5 million yen or more, was independently inversely associated with the prevalence of HI; the prevalence ratio for 3 to 5million yen was 0.73 (95% confidence interval: 0.54‐0.999). After adjustment for confounding factors, no relationship was found between household income and the prevalence of HI in women. There were no associations between educational level and the prevalence of HI in either men or women in the multivariate model.ConclusionsOur results suggest that medium, but not high, household income may be associated with a lower prevalence of HI only in men.Level of Evidence2bLaryngoscope, 129:2153–2157, 2019
The relationship between allergy and chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Marcus Sonya , Roland Lauren T. , DelGaudio John M. , Wise Sarah K. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo summarize the current evidence regarding a relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergy.MethodsLiterature review.ResultsDespite frequent assumption of an association between CRS and allergy the relationship between these entities remains poorly defined. Certain CRS entities, however, have demonstrated a strong association with allergy—namely allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and central compartment atopic disease.ConclusionStudies are heterogeneous and largely retrospective in design with inconclusive evidence for an association between CRS and allergy. Knowledge of CRS endotypes is important in order to understand which entities may or may not be associated with allergy.Level of Evidence: 5
Improved accuracy of optode‐based oxygen consumption measurements by removal of system drift and nonlinear derivation
Authors: Vikström Kevin , Tengberg Anders , Wikner Johan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis method evaluation aimed to improve the accuracy and precision of the previously published method to measure oxygen consumption using optodes with integrated temperature and salinity correction in dark incubations. Significant short‐term system drift currently requires a correction to remove the drift, thus reducing the precision of the oxygen consumption rates. Frequent nonlinear declines in oxygen concentration with time also call for improved data analysis and identification of its origin. Optodes in titanium casings (Aanderaa™ model 4330) with low oxygen binding properties showed no significant system drift in autoclaved seawater. Nonlinear oxygen dynamics fitting a quadratic polynomial occurred in 28% of 230 field samples, independent of season and water depth. Polynomial curve fit resulted in 64% higher respiration rates when derived within 1 h of the quality assured incubation, than obtained when using linear fit. Carbon substrate limitation explained the nonlinearity of oxygen decline during dark incubations. Pretreatment of the optode attached to stoppers with 0.3 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid resulted in the most stable performance of the sensor and simultaneously provided proper cleaning of the equipment. A conservative detection limit of 0.97 μmol O2 dm−3 d−1 was calculated for the titanium optodes, matching other methods for oxygen consumption reported in the literature. Thus, we recommend the use of model 4330 optode pretreated with HCl and the derivation of initial respiration rates by a quadratic polynomial function for best accuracy and precision of oxygen consumption in oxygenated surface waters.
Using segmental isotope analysis of teleost fish vertebrae to estimate trophic discrimination factors of bone collagen
Authors: Matsubayashi Jun , Umezawa Yu , Matsuyama Michiya , Kawabe Ryo , Mei Weiping , Wan Xin , Shimomae Atsushi , Tayasu Ichiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe conducted feeding experiments with sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) and Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to investigate trophic discrimination factors (TDFs) in bone collagen using retrospective isotope analysis. Sardines and Japanese flounder were fed a single diet for 9 months and 4 months, respectively. At the end of the experiments, we extracted vertebral centra from six sardines and seven Japanese flounder and subdivided them into multiple sections. We extracted bone collagen from each section, and measured the δ13C and δ15N of each vertebral section and food source. In all fish samples, the δ13C and δ15N values of bone collagen increased from the centers of vertebrae to the marginal sections. This trend was consistent with the predicted isotopic shift in the diets of these fishes. The TDFs for sardines were estimated at 5.58 ± 0.25‰ (mean ± SD) for δ13C and −0.70 ± 0.25‰ for δ15N; those for Japanese flounder were 3.89 ± 0.14‰ for δ13C and 1.18 ± 0.35‰ for δ15N. Our results show that segmental analysis of vertebrae can reconstruct δ13C and δ15N values for multiple life‐stages of both fish species and is useful for estimating TDFs and turnover times of fish bone collagen.
An Assessment of an Unsuccessful Restoration Project for Lake Sturgeon Using Three-Dimensional Numerical Modelling
Authors: Baril André-Marcel , Biron Pascale M. , Grant James W. A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Despite a widespread acknowledgment that river restoration projects sometimes fail due to a poor understanding of geomorphology and hydrology, there are relatively few published case studies reporting failures, particularly for nonsalmonid species such as Lake Sturgeon Acipencer fulvescens. We used a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model to retroactively assess a restoration project in the 80-m-wide Ouareau River, Quebec which did not meet its objective of providing additional spawning habitat for Lake Sturgeon. Virtual modifications of the bathymetry allowed for the flow field to be simulated with and without instream structures (boulder weirs) constructed in 2007 for four discharges representing flow conditions during spawning. Simulated velocities and flow depths were used to determine the suitability of the site and to assess the impact of the instream structures. Results revealed that instream structures did not meet the expectation of raising water levels and had no significant impact on river velocity. Furthermore, there was sufficient good quality habitat within the study area before restoration, and artificial spawning sites were placed in locations with nonoptimal velocities for spawning Lake Sturgeon. A comparison with a successful Lake Sturgeon restoration project in the St. Clair–Detroit River system revealed marked differences in restoration strategies, which likely explain the different outcomes of these two projects. These results point to the need for (1) adaptive management protocols that include an iterative decision-making process to allow for adjustments in hypotheses and strategies to improve the management process, (2) multidisciplinary input, including hydrogeomorphology, and (3) a more systematic use of two-dimensional or three-dimensional numerical models prior to the implementation of instream structures in river restoration projects.
Predictors of Resilience Among Infants at Risk for Rapid Weight Gain
Authors: Ventura Alison K. , Thompson Kristen 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThe study objective was to investigate factors associated with resilience to rapid weight gain (RWG) among predominantly bottle‐fed infants.MethodsData came from 1,353 mothers who participated in the Infant Feeding Practices Study 2. Mothers completed a prenatal questionnaire and monthly surveys of infant feeding and growth between birth and 12 months. Infants were classified as resilient if they were predominantly bottle fed but did not exhibit RWG between birth and the latter half of infancy (≥ +0.67 change in weight‐for‐age z score).ResultsThirty‐five percent of the sample (n = 467) was predominantly bottle fed but did not exhibit RWG (“Resilient”), 17% (n = 228) was predominantly bottle fed and exhibited RWG (“Not Resilient”), and 49% (n = 658) was not predominantly bottle fed (“Low Risk”). Significant predictors of resilience to RWG were greater gestational age (P = 0.042) and weight (P < 0.001) at birth, lower frequency of adding cereal to the bottle (P = 0.022), lower frequency of infant‐led bottle‐emptying (P = 0.047), and greater frequency of maternal encouragement of bottle‐emptying (P = 0.002).ConclusionsAssociations between bottle‐feeding and RWG may be moderated by infant characteristics and maternal feeding practices. The present study highlighted several characteristics of predominantly bottle‐fed infants who were resilient to RWG, but further research is needed to identify a broader array of key targets for future intervention efforts.
Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) Prevents Obesity‐Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice
Authors: Lee Yoojin , Pham Tho X. , Bae Minkyung , Hu Siqi , O’Neill Edward , Chun Ock K. , Han Myung Joo , Koo Sung I. , Park Young‐Ki , Lee Ji‐Young 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveWith increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), effective strategies to prevent NASH are needed. This study investigated whether the consumption of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) can prevent the development of obesity‐induced NASH in vivo.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were fed a low‐fat control diet, a low‐fat diet with 6% whole blackcurrant powder, an obesogenic high‐fat/high‐sucrose control diet (HF), or a high‐fat/high‐sucrose diet containing 6% whole blackcurrant powder (HF‐B) for 24 weeks.ResultsHF significantly increased, whereas HF‐B markedly decreased, liver weights and triglyceride. Furthermore, blackcurrant attenuated obesity‐induced infiltration of macrophages in the liver, in particular, the M1 type, and also suppressed the hepatic expression of fibrogenic genes and fibrosis. Flow cytometric analysis showed that HF significantly increased the percentages of monocytes of total splenocytes, which was markedly attenuated by blackcurrant. HF‐B decreased lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated mRNA expression of interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α in splenocytes, compared with those from HF controls. Moreover, the levels of circulating and hepatic miR‐122‐5p and miR‐192‐5p, known markers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, were significantly increased by HF but decreased by HF‐B.ConclusionsThe study’s findings indicate that blackcurrant consumption prevents obesity‐induced steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver.
Oxidized HDL, Adipokines, and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Potential Biomarker Profile for Cardiovascular Risk in Women with Obesity
Authors: Peterson Stephen J. , Shapiro Joseph I. , Thompson Ellen , Singh Shailendra , Liu Lu , Weingarten Jeremy A. , O’Hanlon Kathleen , Bialczak Angelica , Bhesania Siddharth R. , Abraham Nader G. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveHigh BMI predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes and positively correlates with increased levels of adipokines. The relationship among BMI, IL‐6, TNFα, adiponectin, and oxidized high‐density lipoprotein (Ox‐HDL) with circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has not been well studied. Elevated CEC levels have been described in both humans and mice with obesity and diabetes. Ox‐HDL has been shown to be a potent driver of adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. In this study, elevated BMI was examined in 2 groups of women studied in Brooklyn, New York, and Huntington, West Virginia, respectively.MethodsTwenty‐six females with obesity and five lean controls without overt cardiovascular disease were enrolled, 13 from Huntington and 13 from Brooklyn. Cytokine levels, EPCs, and CECs were determined.ResultsFemales with obesity had elevated levels of leptin, IL‐6, and Ox‐HDL, increased CEC levels, and decreased EPC and adiponectin levels (all P < 0.01). The Ox‐HDL levels were higher in women from Brooklyn versus Huntington (P < 0.01), possibly from higher TNFα levels in Brooklyn or higher adiponectin levels in Huntington. Seventy‐five percent of the variance in Ox‐HDL levels could be predicted in this population (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study reveals a unique inflammatory biomarker profile in females with obesity.
New wine into old wineskins: PGC‐1α and NF‐κB in obesity and acute pancreatitis
Authors: Diakopoulos Kalliope N , Algül Hana 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObesity and acute pancreatitis are both proinflammatory conditions. Importantly, obesity increases severity in acute pancreatitis by enhancing inflammation. In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, Pérez and Ruiz‐Pérez et al connected obesity and pancreatitis for the first time, through the transcriptional regulator PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α). Obesity reduces pancreatic PGC‐1α levels and potentiates not only oxidative but also IL‐6‐mediated inflammatory damage during acute pancreatitis by relieving the binding of PGC‐1α to the NF‐κB subunit p65. Blockade of the IL‐6 receptor subunit gp130 ameliorated tissue injury, substantiating the importance of deregulated PGC‐1α/p65/IL‐6 signaling in obesity and acute pancreatitis. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dereplication strategy for identifying triterpene acid analogues in Poria cocos by comparing predicted and acquired UPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS data
Authors: Zou Ye‐Ting , Long Fang , Wu Cheng‐Ying , Zhou Jing , Zhang Wei , Xu Jin‐Di , Zhang Ye‐Qing , Li Song‐Lin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionTriterpene acids from the dried sclerotia of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (poria) were recently found to possess anti‐cancer activities. Identification of more triterpene acid analogues in poria is worthwhile for high throughput screening in anti‐cancer drug discovery.ObjectiveTo establish an efficient dereplication strategy for identifying triterpene acid analogues in poria based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS).MethodologyThe structural characteristics and mass spectrometric data profiles of known triterpene acids previously reported in poria were used to establish a predicted‐analogue database. Then, the quasi‐molecular ions of components in a poria extract were automatically compared with those in the predicted‐analogue database to highlight compounds of potential interest. Tentative structural identification of the compounds of potential interest and discrimination of isomers were achieved by assessing ion fragmentation patterns and chromatographic behaviour prediction based on structure–retention relationship.ResultsA total of 62 triterpene acids were unequivocally or tentatively characterised from poria, among which 17 triterpene acids were tentatively identified for the first time in poria.ConclusionThis study provided more structure information of triterpene acids in poria for future high throughput screening of anti‐cancer candidates. It is suggested that this semi‐automated approach in which MS data are automatically compared to a predictive database may also be applicable for efficient screening of other herbal medicines for structural analogues of proven bioactives.