bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATIVA E REGIONALIZAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA DE VAZÕES MÉDIAS E PRODUÇÃO DE SÓLIDOS SUSPENSOS PARA A BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO IVAÍ – ESTADO DO PARANÁ / Estimate and Hydrological Regionalization of Average Streamflow and Production of Suspended Solids for Ivaí Watershed – Paraná State
Authors: Dos Santos Vanessa Cristina , Stevaux José Cândido 
Published: April 2018

Um vasto banco de dados sobre vazões e produção de sólidos suspensos é crucial para análise de bacias e hidrográficas e gestão de recursos hídricos. Porém, no Brasil há regiões em que estes dados são reduzidos ou mesmo inexistentes. A estimativa e regionalização destes dados é uma alternativa. Entretanto, esses métodos frequentemente apresentam erros na extrapolação hidrossedimentológica, devido à variabilidade das escalas dos processos, sendo assim, estes devem ser testados antes da aplicação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar e regionalizar as vazões médias e a produção de sedimentos suspensos da bacia hidrográfica do rio Ivaí, e avaliar a coerências destes dados. Para avaliar a coerência da regionalização, foi analisado o coeficiente de determinação da regressão, o desvio padrão e o erro percentual entre os valores observados e os estimados. Também foi feita uma avaliação junto de outros trabalhos. Os resultados indicam que os modelos possuem boa relação com os dados observados, porém com erros percentuais elevados, principalmente para a estimação e regionalização de sedimentos suspensos.ABSTRACTA large database over stream flow sand production of suspended solids is crucial for analysis of watersheds and water resources management. However, in Brazil there are regions in which these data are reduced or non-existent. The estimate and regionalization of this data is an alternative. But, these methods often have errors in the extrapolation hydrossedimentological due to variability of the scales of the processes, therefore these must be tested before application. The objective of this study was to estimate and regionalize the average stream flows and production of suspended solids of Ivaí watersheds, and evaluate the coherence of these data. To assess the coherence of regionalization were analyzed the determination coefficient of the regression, standard deviation and percentage errors between observed and estimated values. A examination was also made from others studies. The results indicate that the models have good relation with the observed data, but percentage errors were high, especially for the estimation and regionalization of production of suspended solids.Keywords: watersheds, regionalization, average stream flow, production of suspended solids, Ivaí watersheds
UM RELATO HISTÓRICO DA AUSTERIDADE NO REINO UNIDO: RASTREANDO AS ORIGENS, AS MODALIDADES E OS DIFERENTES EFEITOS DA AUSTERIDADE NA VIDA DAS MULHERES
Authors: Dabrowski Vicki 
Published: April 2018

Este artigo tem como foco o quadro da política de austeridade do Reino Unido, questionando e traçando suas origens, modalidades e efeitos globais no contexto do Reino Unido. Fazemos isso desvelando as várias formas pelas quais o estado, em diferentes momentos e em diferentes formações estatais, implementou formas específicas de austeridade. Através desta análise, este artigo chama a atenção para as características morais, políticas e econômicas da austeridade nessas formas particulares. Com um foco particular sobre a gênese da austeridade em diferentes momentos de crise, este artigo destaca o papeldas mulheres nesses períodos e explora as várias maneiras pelas quais elas têm suportado o peso do projeto de austeridade. É através desta análise que este artigo demonstra a importância de conectar a austeridade contemporânea com seus legados históricos. Meu argumento é que isso permite uma compreensão mais rica da austeridade como um projeto econômico-político-moral, e maisespecificamente, desvela as reivindicações de gênero, seus processos e efeitos nesses diferentes períodos e formações estatais.
Activation of δ-Opioid Receptors Inhibits Neuronal-Like Calcium Channels and Distal Steps of Ca2+-Dependent Secretion in Human Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Sher E. , Cesare P. , Codignola A. , Clementi F. , Tarroni P. , Pollo A. , Magnelli V. , Carbone E. 
Published: April 2018

Human small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells express neuronal-like voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs) and release mitogenic hormones such as serotonin (5-HT). Opioid peptides, on the other hand, have been shown to reduce SCLC cell proliferation by an effective autocrine pathway.Here we show that in GLC8 SCLC cells, only δ-opioid receptor subtype mRNA is expressed. Consistently, the selective δ-opioid agonist [d-Pen2-Pen5]-enkephalin (DPDPE), but not μ and κ agonists, potently and dose-dependently inhibits high-threshold (HVA) VOCCs in these cells. As in peripheral neurons, this modulation is largely voltage-dependent, mediated by pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G-proteins, cAMP-independent, and mainly affecting N-type VOCCs.With the same potency and selectivity, DPDPE also antagonizes the Ca2+-dependent release of [3H]serotonin ([3H]5-HT) from GLC8 cells. However, DPDPE inhibits not only the depolarization-induced release, but also the Ca2+-dependent secretion induced by thapsigargin or ionomycin. This suggests that besides inhibiting HVA VOCCs, opioids also exert a direct depressive action on the secretory apparatus in GLC8 cells. This latter effect also is mediated by a PTX-sensitive G-protein but, contrary to VOCC inhibition, it can be reversed by elevations of cAMP levels.These results show for the first time that opioids effectively depress both Ca2+influx and Ca2+-dependent hormone release in SCLC cells by using multiple modulatory pathways. It can be speculated that the two mechanisms may contribute to the opioid antimitogenic action on lung neuroendocrine carcinoma cells.
[3H]Dihydrorotenone Binding to NADH: Ubiquinone Reductase (Complex I) of the Electron Transport Chain: An Autoradiographic Study
Authors: Higgins, Jr. Donald S. , Greenamyre J. Timothy 
Published: April 2018

Abnormalities of mitochondrial energy metabolism may play a role in normal aging and certain neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, complex I of the electron transport chain has received substantial attention, especially in Parkinson’s disease. The conventional method for studying complex I has been quantitation of enzyme activity in homogenized tissue samples. To enhance the anatomic precision with which complex I can be examined, we developed an autoradiographic assay for the rotenone site of this enzyme. [3H]dihydrorotenone ([3H]DHR) binding is saturable (KD = 15–55 nm) and specific, and Hill slopes of 1 suggest a single population of binding sites. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) enhances binding 4- to 80-fold in different brain regions (EC50 = 20–40 μm) by increasing the density of recognition sites (Bmax). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate also increases binding, but NAD+does not. In skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney, binding was less affected by NADH. [3H]DHR binding is inhibited by rotenone (IC50 = 8–20 nm), meperidine (IC50 = 34–57 μm), amobarbitol (IC50 = 375–425 μm), and MPP+(IC50 = 4–5 mm), consistent with the potencies of these compounds in inhibiting complex I activity. Binding is heterogeneously distributed in brain with the density in gray matter structures varying more than 10-fold. Lesion studies suggest that a substantial portion of binding is associated with nerve terminals. [3H]DHR autoradiography is the first quantitative method to examine complex I with a high degree of anatomic precision. This technique may help to clarify the potential role of complex I dysfunction in normal aging and disease.
Ion Binding and Permeation at the GABA Transporter GAT1
Authors: Mager Sela , Kleinberger-Doron Nurit , Keshet Gilmor I. , Davidson Norman , Kanner Baruch I. , Lester Henry A. 
Published: April 2018

This study addresses the binding of ions and the permeation of substrates during function of the GABA transporter GAT1. GAT1 was expressed inXenopusoocytes and studied electrophysiologically as well as with [3H]GABA flux; GAT1 was also expressed in mammalian cells and studied with [3H]GABA and [3H]tiagabine binding. Voltage jumps, Na+and Cl−concentration jumps, and exposure to high-affinity blockers (NO-05-711 and SKF-100330A) all produce capacitive charge movements. Occlusive interactions among these three types of perturbations show that they all measure the same population of charges. The concentration dependences of the charge movements reveal (1) that two Na+ions interact with the transporter even in the absence of GABA, and (2) that Cl−facilitates the binding of Na+. Comparison between the charge movements and the transport-associated current shows that this initial Na+-transporter interaction limits the overall transport rate when [GABA] is saturating. However, two classes of manipulation—treatment with high-affinity uptake blockers and the W68L mutation—“lock” Na+onto the transporter by slowing or preventing the subsequent events that release the substrates to the intracellular medium. The Na+substitutes Li+and Cs+do not support charge movements, but they can permeate the transporter in an uncoupled manner. Our results (1) support the hypothesis that efficient removal of synaptic transmitter by the GABA transporter GAT1 depends on the previous binding of Na+and Cl−, and (2) indicate the important role of the conserved putative transmembrane domain 1 in interactions with the permeant substrates.
Bcl-2 Expression in Neural Cells Blocks Activation of ICE/CED-3 Family Proteases during Apoptosis
Authors: Srinivasan Anu , Foster Lyndon M. , Testa Maria-Pia , Örd Tõnis , Keane Robert W. , Bredesen Dale E. , Kayalar Celik 
Published: April 2018

The ICE/CED-3 family of proteases has been implicated in playing a fundamental role in programmed cell death. Bcl-2 protein represses a number of apoptotic death programs, but the biochemical mechanism of its action is not known. We investigated the activation of ICE/CED-3 proteases induced by three apoptotic stimuli (staurosporine, ceramide, and serum withdrawal) in the neuronal cell line GT1-7 and in cells overexpressing Bcl-2. Rapid activation of a 17 kDa subunit of an activated member of the ICE/CED-3 family is demonstrated by affinity-labeling GT1-7 extracts from apoptotic controls cells with a biotinylated ICE/CED-3 inhibitor. This activation corresponds to an increased ICE/CED-3-like protease activity in extracts measured by a fluorogenic substrate assay. In a cell-free system, these extracts induce apoptotic morphological changes in intact nuclei. All three activities are readily inhibited by treatment of control extracts with ICE/CED-3-like protease inhibitors. Overexpressed Bcl-2 inhibits the activation of the 17 kDa protein, the ICE/CED-3-like protease activity in the fluorogenic assay, and the induction of apoptotic morphological changes in HeLa nuclei in the cell-free system, similar to results obtained with ICE/CED-3 protease inhibitors. At the mRNA level, overexpression of Bcl-2 did not alter expression of five members of the ICE/CED-3 family: CPP32, ICE, Mch 2, Nedd 2, and TX. Overexpression of Bcl-2 prevented the apoptosis-induced processing of pro-Nedd 2 to the cleaved form. These data suggest that Bcl-2 participates upstream from the function of ICE/CED-3 proteases and may inhibit apoptosis by preventing the post-translational activation of ICE/CED-3 proteases.
Modulation of the Inhibitory Substrate Properties of Oligodendrocytes by Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
Authors: Lang Dirk M. , Hille Michael G. , Schwab Martin E. , Stuermer Claudia A. O. 
Published: April 2018

Although growth cones typically collapse after encountering O1/galactocerebroside (GalC)-positive oligodendrocytes, the majority of growth cones traversed oligodendrocytes, which were raised for 8–10 d in medium containing 10 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Oligodendrocytes raised 8–10 d in control medium caused growth cone collapse as they normally do, but failed to elicit this response after being transferred to PDGF-containing medium for an additional 8–10 d. The opposite was observed when PDGF-treated oligodendrocytes were brought to control medium. Growth cones collapsed when contacting these cells. Oligodendrocytes also lost their collapse-inducing activity when raised in medium conditioned by astrocytes, known to produce PDGF. Antibody IN-1 is directed against neurite growth inhibitors (NI), proteins of 35 and 250 kDa on the surface of O1/GalC-positive oligodendrocytes, which are known to elicit growth cone collapse. IN-1 immunoreactivity was markedly reduced in PDGF-treated oligodendrocytes. However, both PDGF-treated and control oligodendrocytes exhibited myelin-associated glycoprotein, proteolipid protein, and myelin basic protein immunoreactivity. This suggests that PDGF-treatment affects NI expression but does not interfere with the expression of advanced myelin marker proteins. Because NI cause growth cone collapse, the loss of collapse-inducing activity by PDGF-treated oligodendrocytes suggests that PDGF regulates, directly or indirectly, the expression of these proteins.
Interaction of Perirhinal Cortex with the Fornix–Fimbria: Memory for Objects and “Object-in-Place” Memory
Authors: Gaffan David , Parker Amanda 
Published: April 2018

Four monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained preoperatively in an automated object-in-place memory task in which they learned 20 new scenes in each daily session. In the object-in-place memory task, the correct, rewarded response in each scene is to a particular object of a pair, which always occupies a particular position in a unique background that has been generated using randomly chosen colors and shapes. Each animal then underwent two surgeries, with a period of testing after each. In the first, control surgery, each animal had either a unilateral lesion of the perirhinal cortex or unilateral fornix–fimbria transection, combined with section of the body and splenium of the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure (to prevent interhemispheric transfer of visual information). The disconnection was completed in the second surgery, after which all animals had a unilateral perirhinal cortex ablation in one hemisphere, unilateral fornix–fimbria transection in the contralateral hemisphere, and partial forebrain commissurotomy. The monkeys performance was compared for the learning of 200 scenes, preoperatively and after each surgery. After control surgery, the animals were mildly impaired on the object-in-place task. After disconnection, the animals showed a severe impairment in object-in-place memory. We conclude from this that, in episodic memory, the perirhinal cortex provides input of visual object information to the subiculum, hippocampus, and fornix.
Dynamics of Cell Migration from the Lateral Ganglionic Eminence in the Rat
Authors: De Carlos J. A. , López-Mascaraque L. , Valverde F. 
Published: April 2018

From previous developmental studies, it has been proposed that the neurons of the ventrolateral cortex, including the primary olfactory cortex, differentiate from progenitor cells in the lateral ganglionic eminence. The objective of the present study was to test this hypothesis. The cells first generated in the forebrain of the rat migrate to the surface of the telencephalic vesicle by embryonic day (E) 12. Using [3H]thymidine, we found that most of these cells contributed to the formation of the deep layer III of the primary olfactory cortex. To study the migratory routes of these cells, we made localized injections of the carbocyanine fluorescent tracers DiI and DiA into various parts of the lateral ganglionic eminence in living embryos at E12–E14 and subsequently maintained the embryos in a culture device for 17–48 hr. After fixation, most migrating cells were located at the surface of the telencephalic vesicle, whereas others were seen coursing tangentially into the preplate. Injections made at E13 and in fixed tissue at E15 showed that migrating cells follow radial glial fibers extending from the ventricular zone of the lateral ganglionic eminence to the ventrolateral surface of the telencephalic vesicle. The spatial distribution of radial glial fibers was studied in Golgi preparations, and these observations provided further evidence of the existence of long glial fibers extending from the ventricular zone of the lateral ganglionic eminence to the ventrolateral cortex. We conclude that cells of the primary olfactory cortex derive from the lateral ganglionic eminence and that some early generated cells migrating from the lateral ganglionic eminence transgress the cortico-striatal boundary entering the preplate of the neocortical primordium.
Neuronal Activity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex during Pavlovian Eyeblink and Nictitating Membrane Conditioning
Authors: Powell Donald A. , Maxwell Brian , Penney James 
Published: April 2018

The present study assessed Pavlovian eyeblink (EB) conditioning, using tones and periorbital shock as the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli (CS and US), and nictitating membrane (NM) conditioning, using tones and airpuffs as the CS and US. During each experiment, CS-evoked changes in multiple-unit activity (MUA) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were recorded. Concomitant heart rate (HR) conditioned responses (CRs) were also recorded. A nonassociative control group received explicitly unpaired presentations of the CS and US in each experiment. Increases in both NM and EB CRs occurred over sessions in the paired, but not the unpaired, groups. Decelerative HR CRs also occurred in the eyeshock, but not the airpuff, group. Although tone-evoked increases in neuronal activity were obtained during 10 initial tone-alone presentations in all groups, this activity habituated over trials. CS-evoked increases in neuronal activity also occurred, but this activity was considerably greater in the group that received periorbital shock as the US. During subsequent extinction trials, decreases in tone-evoked neuronal activity occurred in this group, compared with the previous CS/US paired trials. CS-evoked MUA increases were minimal during all except the pretraining phase of the study in the CS/US unpaired control groups and in the paired airpuff group. These findings show that neuronal activity during associative learning occurs in the mPFC during Pavlovian EB, as well as HR conditioning, but this activity apparently reflects an affective component to learning that is only indirectly related to skeletal conditioning.
Activation of Locus Coeruleus Enhances the Responses of Olfactory Bulb Mitral Cells to Weak Olfactory Nerve Input
Authors: Jiang Maorong , Griff Edwin R. , Ennis Matthew , Zimmer Lee A. , Shipley Michael T. 
Published: April 2018

The main olfactory bulb (MOB) receives a dense projection from the pontine nucleus locus coeruleus (LC), the largest collection of norepinephrine (NE)-containing cells in the brain. LC is the sole source of NE innervation of MOB. Previous studies of the actions of exogenously applied NE on mitral cells, the principal output neurons of MOB, are contradictory. The effect of synaptically released NE on mitral cell activity is not known, nor is the influence of NE on responses of mitral cells to olfactory nerve inputs. The goal of the present study was to assess the influence of LC activation on spontaneous and olfactory nerve-evoked activity of mitral cells.In methoxyflurane-anesthetized rats, intracoerulear microinfusions of acetylcholine (ACh) (200 mm; 90–120 nl) evoked a four- to fivefold increase in LC neuronal discharge, and a transient EEG desynchronization and decrease in mitral cell discharge. LC activation increased excitatory responses of mitral cells evoked by weak (i.e., perithreshold) nasal epithelium shocks (1.0 Hz) in 17/18 cells (mean increase = 67%). The discharge rate of mitral cells at the time that epithelium-evoked responses were increased did not differ significantly from pre-LC activation baseline values. Thus, changes in mitral baseline activity do not account for the increased response to epithelium stimulation. These findings suggest that increased activity in LC–NE projections to MOB may enhance detection of relatively weak odors.
Contribution of the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus to Binaural Responses in the Inferior Colliculus of the Rat: Interaural Time Delays
Authors: Kidd Sean A. , Kelly Jack B. 
Published: April 2018

The contribution of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) to binaural responses in the inferior colliculus of the rat was determined for a wide range of interaural time differences (ITDs). Single-unit action potentials were recorded from the inferior colliculus before and after local injection of the excitatory amino acid antagonist kynurenic acid into the DNLL. Binaural properties were determined by manipulating the time difference between paired clicks delivered to the ears ipsilateral and contralateral to the recording site. The probability of an action potential decreased as contralateral stimulation was delayed, relative to ipsilateral stimulation. These data generated a sigmoidal ITD curve for delays between −1.0 and +1.0 msec. By extending the time intervals beyond 1 msec, it was possible to determine the trailing edge of the inhibition produced by ipsilateral stimulation. The duration of the inhibitory effect varied from cell to cell but lasted as long as 20 msec in some cases. Injection of kynurenic acid into the DNLL contralateral to the recording site reduced the extent of both short (0–1 msec) and long-lasting (1–20 msec) inhibition in the inferior colliculus. No effect was seen after injections ipsilateral to the recording site. The data demonstrate that the DNLL plays an important role in shaping ITD responses in the inferior colliculus and contributes to both the short and long-lasting inhibition produced by stimulation of the ipsilateral ear.