bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of Western governments’ hostility to Islam among European Muslims before and after ISIS: the important roles of residential segregation and education
Authors: Hekmatpour Peyman , Burns Thomas J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPerception of Western governments’ hostility to Islam is one of the indicating features of Islamic fundamentalism and, in some cases, is serving as a pull to join extremist groups. In this paper, using data from two waves of a cross‐national survey, we investigate what affects European Muslims’ opinions about Western governments. We find that residential segregation is associated with perceived hostility of Western governments to Islam. Further, we find that Muslims living in segregated neighbourhoods and enclaves have a higher probability of believing that Western governments are hostile to Islam. National origins of Muslim immigrants have a significant impact, with people from African countries measuring less perceived hostility than others. We also find that education is associated with perceived hostility of Western governments to Islam in a non‐linear way. People with the highest and lowest levels of education tend to be less likely to believe that Western governments are hostile to Islam, relative to people with mid‐level education. This non‐linear effect is best explained by education’s differential effects on perceptions of key world events. During the time between 2011 – before ISIS’s announcement of its Caliphate in Iraq and Syria – and 2013, subsequent to that announcement, we see a sharp decrease in perception of Western governments’ hostility to Islam, particularly among more educated European Muslims. We make the case that this decrease can be attributed, in some ways, to the emergence of ISIS. We discuss our findings in terms of theoretical and policy implications.
Does More Storage Give California More Water?
Authors: Nover D.M. , Dogan M.S. , Ragatz R. , Booth L. , Medellín‐Azuara J. , Lund J.R. , Viers J.H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIncreasing reservoir storage is commonly proposed to mitigate increasing water demand and provide drought reserves, especially in semiarid regions such as California. This paper examines the value of expanding surface reservoir capacity in California using hydroeconomic modeling for historical conditions, a future warm‐dry climate, and California's recently adopted policy to end groundwater overdraft. Results show expanding surface storage capacity rarely provides sizable economic value in most of California. On average, expanding facilities north of California's Delta provides some benefit in 92% of 82 years modeled under historical conditions and in 61% of years modeled in a warm‐dry climate. South of California's Delta, expanding storage capacity provides no benefits in 14% of years modeled under historical conditions and 99% of years modeled with a warm‐dry climate. Results vary across facilities between and within regions. The limited benefit of surface storage capacity expansion to statewide water supply should be considered in planning California's water infrastructure.
A population genetic assessment of taxonomic species: The case of Lake Malawi cichlid fishes
Authors: Pinho Catarina , Cardoso Vera , Hey Jody 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrganisms sampled for population‐level research are typically assigned to species by morphological criteria. However, if those criteria are limited to one sex or life stage, or the organisms come from a complex of closely related forms, the species assignments may misdirect analyses. The impact of such sampling can be assessed from the correspondence of genetic clusters, identified only from patterns of genetic variation, to the species identified using only phenotypic criteria. We undertook this protocol with the rock‐dwelling mbuna cichlids of Lake Malawi, for which species within genera are usually identified using adult male coloration patterns. Given high local endemism of male colour patterns, and considerable allele sharing among species, there persists considerable taxonomic uncertainty in these fishes. Over 700 individuals from a single transect were photographed, genotyped and separately assigned: (a) to morphospecies using photographs; and (b) to genetic clusters using five widely used methods. Overall, the correspondence between clustering methods was strong for larger clusters, but methods varied widely in estimated number of clusters. The correspondence between morphospecies and genetic clusters was also strong for larger clusters, as well as some smaller clusters for some methods. These analyses generally affirm (a) adult male‐limited sampling and (b) the taxonomic status of Lake Malawi mbuna, as the species in our study largely appear to be well‐demarcated genetic entities. More generally, our analyses highlight the challenges for clustering methods when the number of populations is unknown, especially in cases of highly uneven sample sizes.
Long‐term safety of a weekly and monthly subcutaneous buprenorphine depot (CAM2038) in the treatment of adult out‐patients with opioid use disorder
Authors: Frost Michael , Bailey Genie L. , Lintzeris Nicholas , Strang John , Dunlop Adrian , Nunes Edward V. , Jansen Jakob Billeskov , Frey Lars Chemnitz , Weber Bernd , Haber Paul , Oosman Sonia , Kim Sonnie , Tiberg Fredrik 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess the long‐term safety of subcutaneous buprenorphine (CAM2038) weekly and monthly depots.DesignPhase 3, open‐label, observational, multi‐centre 48‐week trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02672111).SettingTwenty‐six out‐patient sites (United States, United Kingdom, Hungary, Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Australia) between 14 December 2015 and 12 April 2017.ParticipantsTwo hundred and twenty‐eight adults with opioid use disorder; 227 received CAM2038 (37 initiated onto CAM2038 and 190 converted from sublingual buprenorphine).InterventionsCAM2038 weekly (8, 16, 24 or 32 mg) or monthly (64, 96, 128 or 160 mg) with flexible dosing and individualized titration utilizing multiple CAM2038 weekly and monthly doses.MeasurementsSafety variables, urine toxicology samples and self‐reported illicit opioid use were collected at each visit. Participants were administered a patient satisfaction survey at months 6 and 12, completed by 162 of 227 (71.4%) participants.FindingsThe study treatment period was completed by 167 of 227 (73.6%) participants. At least one treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) was reported by 143 of 227 (63.0%) participants, of whom 60 of 227 (26.4%) reported as being drug‐related. Most of the TEAEs, reported by 128 of 227 (56.4%) of participants, were mild or moderate in intensity. Injection‐site reactions were reported by 46 of 227 (20.3%) participants, with most [45 of 46 (97.8%)] reported as mild to moderate. Five participants (2.2%) discontinued the study drug due to a TEAE, two cases (0.9%) of which were injection‐site‐related. No serious adverse events were attributed to the study drug. Among those remaining in the study, the percentage of opioid‐negative urine tests combined with self‐reports was 63.0% (17 of 27) in new‐to‐treatment participants and 82.8% (111 of 134) for those converted from sublingual buprenorphine. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with CAM2038.ConclusionsSubcutaneous buprenorphine delivered weekly or monthly (CAM2038) was well tolerated, with a systemic safety profile consistent with the known profile of sublingual buprenorphine. CAM2038 weekly and monthly was associated with high retention rates and low levels of illicit opioid use throughout this study.
Riparian zone as a main determinant of the structure of lizard assemblages in upland Amazonian forests
Authors: Faria Ayra Souza , Menin Marcelo , Kaefer Igor Luis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe use of lizards as model organisms in ecological studies is based on their success in occupying a great diversity of habitats, and some species are closely tied to the environment, which is disadvantaged by the legislation of several countries concerning land use. Our aim was to relate lizard species distribution patterns in rainforest environments to variation in environmental gradients, and provide ecologically based metrics for establishing buffer zones around streams. Lizards were sampled three times in 41 standardised transects near Manaus, Brazil, only in dry season, with Time Limited Visual Search associated with raking through leaf litter. We recorded 20 species from 10 families and used non‐metric multidimensional scaling to reduce the dimensionality of quantitative and qualitative compositions of species. Multiple linear regression models indicated that the environmental gradients distance to nearest stream, extent of canopy openness, vegetation density and slope did not significantly influence assemblage species distribution, with an indication of effect of litter depth. By means of piecewise linear regression, the use of riparian zone was estimated at ~190 m from quantitative species composition and ~211 m from qualitative species composition. Five species occurred only in the riparian zone. Our results suggest that conservation of the entire riparian lizard assemblage in Amazonian rainforest is likely to require protection of at least a 211 m buffer on either side of streams.
What did we learn from multiple omics studies in asthma?
Authors: Ivanova Olga , Richards Levi B. , Vijverberg Susanne J. , Neerincx Anne H. , Sinha Anirban , Sterk Peter J. , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMore than a decade has passed since the finalization of the Human Genome Project. Omics technologies made a huge leap from trendy and very expensive to routinely executed and relatively cheap assays. Simultaneously, we understood that omics is not a panacea for every problem in the area of human health and personalized medicine. Whilst in some areas of research omics showed immediate results, in other fields, including asthma, it only allowed us to identify the incredibly complicated molecular processes. Along with their possibilities, omics technologies also bring many issues connected to sample collection, analyses and interpretation. It is often impossible to separate the intrinsic imperfection of omics from asthma heterogeneity. Still, many insights and directions from applied omics were acquired—presumable phenotypic clusters of patients, plausible biomarkers and potential pathways involved. Omics technologies develop rapidly, bringing improvements also to asthma research. These improvements, together with our growing understanding of asthma subphenotypes and underlying cellular processes, will likely play a role in asthma management strategies.
Improved Methods for Estimating Abundance and Related Demographic Parameters From Mark-Resight Data
Authors: McClintock Brett T. , White Gary C. , Pryde Moira A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been much methodological development for the estimation of abundance and related demographic parameters using mark-resight data. Often viewed as a less-invasive and less-expensive alternative to conventional mark recapture, mark-resight methods jointly model marked individual encounters and counts of unmarked individuals, and recent extensions accommodate common challenges associated with imperfect detection. When these challenges include both individual detection heterogeneity and an unknown marked sample size, we demonstrate several deficiencies associated with the most widely used mark-resight models currently implemented in the popular capture-recapture freeware Program MARK. We propose a composite likelihood solution based on a zero-inflated Poisson log-normal model and find the performance of this new estimator to be superior in terms of bias and confidence interval coverage. Under Pollock's robust design, we also extend the models to accommodate individual-level random effects across sampling occasions as a potentially more realistic alternative to models that assume independence. As a motivating example, we revisit a previous analysis of mark-resight data for the New Zealand Robin (Petroica australis) and compare inferences from the proposed estimators. For the all-too-common situation where encounter rates are low, individual detection heterogeneity is non-negligible, and the number of marked individuals is unknown, we recommend practitioners use the zero-inflated Poisson log-normal mark-resight estimator as now implemented in Program MARK.
Assessing the instructional quality of private tutoring and its effects on student outcomes: Analyses from the German National Educational Panel Study
Authors: Guill Karin , Lüdtke Oliver , Köller Olaf 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundA considerable proportion of secondary school students gets additional support from private tutoring lessons. Empirical findings on the effectiveness of private tutoring are inconclusive. The instructional quality of the tutoring lessons might influence their effectiveness.AimsWe analysed (1) whether students privately tutored in the subjects German or mathematics outperformed their non‐tutored counterparts; (2) whether the instructional quality of the tutoring lessons can be described with the three dimensions, structure, challenge, and support; and (3) the effects of these quality dimensions on the students’ academic achievement and their global satisfaction with their school and family situation.SampleWe used data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). From a total sample of N = 11,358 10th‐grade secondary school students, subsamples provided information about tutoring quality in mathematics (nM = 1,714), German (nG = 148), and English (nE = 490).MethodsThe model of three correlated dimensions of tutoring quality was evaluated with confirmatory factor analyses, and the effects on student outcomes were tested in a structural equation modelling framework.ResultsAnalyses revealed neither global effects of private tutoring nor effects of its instructional quality on students’ grades in mathematics or German. However, the support dimension was positively related to students’ satisfaction with their school situation.ConclusionsPrivate tutoring cannot be recommended as a generally effective strategy to improve academic achievement in school, but might be helpful to relieve the stress level induced by insufficient achievement in school.
Value of supranormal function on 99mTc‐mercaptoacetyltriglycine renal scan in paediatric patients with obstructive hydronephrosis
Authors: Martín‐Solé Oriol , Soria‐Gondek Andrea , Pérez‐Bertólez Sonia , Paredes Pilar , Tarrado Xavier , García‐Aparicio Luis 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo study related factors and clinical significance of supranormal function in paediatric patients with pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction, and to predict which factors cause renal function overestimation.Patients and MethodsPatients who underwent pyeloplasty from 2012 to 2017 were prospectively collected. Variables were compared between patients with and without supranormal function on 99mTc‐mercaptoacetyltriglycine renal scan (supranormal defined as differential renal function [DRF] ≥55%). Univariate, multivariate logistic and linear regressions analyses were performed.ResultsOf 100 patients, 18 were excluded because of comorbidities. Nine patients (11.5%) showed preoperative supranormal function. The preoperative anteroposterior pelvic diameter (APD; 24 mm vs 35 mm, P = 0.026) and the ratio between preoperative pelvic and kidney volumes (0.2 vs 0.6, P = 0.003) were higher in supranormal kidneys. For each unit increase in the preoperative ratio between pelvic and kidney volumes, the risk of supranormal function rose 3.23‐times (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.051–9.955). A preoperative APD ≥30 mm was a reliable predictor of supranormal function (area under the curve 0.804, 95% CI 0.707–0.902), with 88.9% sensitivity. Patients with either preoperative supranormal function or preoperative APD ≥30 mm had a greater reduction in renal function after pyeloplasty.ConclusionSupranormal function is related to large hydronephrosis where geometrical features are modified. A preoperative APD ≥30 mm is a reliable predictive factor of supranormal function. Preoperative renal function is overestimated either in supranormal patients or severe hydronephrotic kidneys. DRF should be interpreted with caution in kidneys with large hydronephrosis with or without supranormal function. Surgical indication should not entirely rely upon DRF.
Modulating autophagy as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of paediatric high‐grade glioma
Authors: Howarth Alison , Madureira Patricia A. , Lockwood George , Storer Lisa C. D. , Grundy Richard , Rahman Ruman , Pilkington Geoffrey J. , Hill Richard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPaediatric high‐grade gliomas (pHGG) represent a therapeutically challenging group of tumors. Despite decades of research, there has been minimal improvement in treatment and the clinical prognosis remains poor. Autophagy, a highly conserved process for recycling metabolic substrates is upregulated in pHGG, promoting tumor progression and evading cell death. There is significant crosstalk between autophagy and a plethora of critical cellular pathways, many of which are dysregulated in pHGG. The following article will discuss our current understanding of autophagy signaling in pHGG and the potential modulation of this network as a therapeutic target.
Three‐dimensional forward stratigraphic modelling of the sedimentary architecture of meandering‐river successions in evolving half‐graben rift basins
Authors: Yan Na , Colombera Luca , Mountney Nigel P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe spatial organisation of meandering‐river deposits varies greatly within the sedimentary fills of rift basins, depending on how differential rates of fault propagation and subsidence interplay with autogenic processes to drive changes in fluvial channel‐belt position and rate of migration, avulsion frequency and mechanisms of meander‐bend cut off. This set of processes fundamentally influences stacking patterns of the accumulated successions. Quantitative predictions of the spatio‐temporal evolution and internal architecture of meandering fluvial deposits in such tectonically active settings remain limited. A numerical forward stratigraphic model—the Point‐Bar Sedimentary Architecture Numerical Deduction (PB‐SAND)—is applied to examine relationships between differential rates of subsidence and resultant fluvial channel‐belt migration, reach avulsion and channel‐deposit stacking in active, fault‐bounded half‐grabens. The model is used to reconstruct and predict the complex morphodynamics of fluvial meanders, their generated channel belts, and the associated lithofacies distributions that accumulate as heterogeneous fluvial successions in rift settings, constrained by data from seismic images and outcrop successions. The 3D modelling outputs are used to explore sedimentary heterogeneity at various spatio‐temporal scales. Results show how the connectivity of sand‐prone geobodies can be quantified as a function of subsidence rate, which itself decreases both along and away from the basin‐bounding fault. In particular, results highlight the spatial variability in the size and connectedness of sand‐prone geobodies that is seen in directions perpendicular and parallel to the basin axis, and that arises as a function of the interaction between spatial and temporal variations in rates of accommodation generation and fault‐influenced changes in river morphodynamics. The results have applied significance, for example, to both hydrocarbon exploration and assessment of groundwater aquifers. The expected greatest connectivity of fluvial sandbody in a half‐graben is primarily determined by the complex interplay between the frequency and rate of subsidence, the style of basin propagation, the rates of migration of channel belts, the frequency of avulsion and the proportion and spatial distribution of variably sand‐prone channel and bar deposits.
Repressive role of stabilized hypoxia inducible factor 1α expression on transforming growth factor β‐induced extracellular matrix production in lung cancer cells
Authors: Ando Akira , Hashimoto Naozumi , Sakamoto Koji , Omote Norihito , Miyazaki Shinichi , Nakahara Yoshio , Imaizumi Kazuyoshi , Kawabe Tsutomu , Hasegawa Yoshinori 
Published: April 2019

AbstractActivation of transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) combined with persistent hypoxia often affects the tumor microenvironment. Disruption of cadherin/catenin complexes induced by these stimulations yields aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) production, characteristics of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIF), the hallmark of the response to hypoxia, play differential roles during development of diseases. Recent studies show that localization of cadherin/catenin complexes at the cell membrane might be tightly regulated by protein phosphatase activity. We aimed to investigate the role of stabilized HIF‐1α expression by protein phosphatase activity on dissociation of the E‐cadherin/β‐catenin complex and aberrant ECM expression in lung cancer cells under stimulation by TGF‐β. By using lung cancer cells treated with HIF‐1α stabilizers or carrying doxycycline‐dependent HIF‐1α deletion or point mutants, we investigated the role of stabilized HIF‐1α expression on TGF‐β‐induced EMT in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms were determined by inhibition of protein phosphatase activity. Persistent stimulation by TGF‐β and hypoxia induced EMT phenotypes in H358 cells in which stabilized HIF‐1α expression was inhibited. Stabilized HIF‐1α protein expression inhibited the TGF‐β‐stimulated appearance of EMT phenotypes across cell types and species, independent of de novo vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A activity abrogated the HIF‐1α‐induced repression of the TGF‐β‐stimulated appearance of EMT phenotypes. This is the first study to show a direct role of stabilized HIF‐1α expression on inhibition of TGF‐β‐induced EMT phenotypes in lung cancer cells, in part, through protein phosphatase activity.