bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular systematics of tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae): Evolution of major clades, development of leaf–like whorls, and biogeography
Authors: Soza Valerie L. , Olmstead Richard G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRubieae are centered in temperate regions and characterized by whorls of leaf–like structures on their stems. Previous studies that primarily included Old World taxa identified seven major clades with no resolution between and within clades. In this study, a molecular phylogeny of the tribe, based on three chloroplast regions (rpoB–trnC, trnC–psbM, trnL–trnF–ndhJ) from 126 Old and New World taxa, is estimated using parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Seven major clades are strongly supported within the tribe, confirming previous studies. Relationships within and between these seven major clades are also strongly supported. In addition, the position ofCallipeltis, a previously unsampled genus, is identified. The resulting phylogeny is used to examine geographic distribution patterns and evolution of leaf–like whorls in the tribe. An Old World origin of the tribe is inferred from parsimony and likelihood ancestral state reconstructions. At least eight subsequent dispersal events into North America occurred from Old World ancestors. From one of these dispersal events, a radiation into North America, followed by subsequent diversification in South America, occurred. Parsimony and likelihood ancestral state reconstructions infer the ancestral whorl morphology of the tribe as composed of six organs. Whorls composed of four organs are derived from whorls with six or more organs. Transitions between four and six or more organs per whorl are common within the tribe, whereas reduction to two leaves at a node is derived and rare.
A molecular phylogeny, morphology and classification of genera of Ranunculeae (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Emadzade Khatere , Lehnebach Carlos , Lockhart Peter , Hörandl Elvira 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRanunculeae represent a highly diverse and cosmopolitan tribe within Ranunculaceae. Because of the great diversity of morphological features and lack of molecular phylogeny for the tribe, the classification of its genera has always been controversial. We report here molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and plastid markers (nrITS, matK, trnK, psbJ–petA) that provide a framework for understanding relationships and character evolution within the tribe. Maximum parsimony analyses suggest a weakly supported basal dichotomy, while Neighbor Net analysis indicates strong support for five distinct lineages. Both methods revealed several well–supported, small terminal clades which correspond to previously described genera, characterised by unique morphological features and character combinations. Anatomical structures of the achenes suggested relationships with greatest concordance to those in the molecular phylogeny. Macroscopic analysis of achene morphology often indicated parallel evolution of structures related to certain dispersal mechanisms. Characters of perianth, androecium, gynoeceum and pollen are highly homoplasious, but several features characteristic of small terminal clades and terminal branches can be observed. Geographic isolation and adaptions may have triggered the evolution of morphological characters. We conclude that a classification accepting several small genera (Arcteranthis, Beckwithia, Callianthemoides, Ceratocephala, Coptidium, Cyrtorhyncha, Ficaria, Halerpestes, Hamadryas, Krapfia, Kumlienia, Laccopetalum, Myosurus, Oxygraphis, Paroxygraphis, Peltocalathos, Trautvetteria) and a large genus Ranunculus s.str. (including Batrachium, Aphanostemma and Gampsoceras) reflects best the molecular phylogeny and morphological diversity of the tribe.
Species–level phylogeny of Allium subgenus Melanocrommyum: Incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization and trnF gene duplication
Authors: Gurushidze Maia , Fritsch Reinhard M. , Blattner Frank R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNoncoding chloroplast DNA sequences are widely employed markers in plant species–level phylogenetics and phylogeography. However, chloroplast capture (hybridization) and incomplete sorting of ancestral lineages could confound phylogenetic inference using chloroplast DNA. Recently, we studied the phylogeny of Allium subg. Melanocrommyum based on nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and showed that, although the subgenus is monophyletic, most sections are either para– or polyphyletic. To get insights from the chloroplast genome we sequenced the plastid trnL–trnF region in 434 individuals representing 100 species of A. subg. Melanocrommyum and found 74 chloroplast haplotypes. The sequences were analyzed using tree–based (Bayesian and maximum parsimony) and network–based (statistical parsimony network) approaches. The analyses revealed high level of chloroplast haplotype sharing among up to 15 species, as well as presence of several closely related haplotypes within single species. Several characteristics of the data violate the main assumptions of standard tree building methods that is the persistence of ancestral haplotypes and their co–existence with descendant alleles as well as multifurcating relationships among these alleles. The taxon groups inferred from chloroplast trnL–trnF sequence analyses were congruent with the nuclear phylogeny. Thus, bi– and uniparentally inherited datasets strongly contradict the morphology–based taxonomic classification of A. subg. Melanocrommyum. Also, the present study (1) reports a trnF gene duplication in A. subg. Melanocrommyum, (2) infers few putative homoploid hybrid taxa, and (3) shows that natural interspecies hybrids occur rarely in the subgenus. Generally, our data strongly advocate including multiple accessions per species in species–level phylogenetic studies, and show the advantages of networks over tree building methods for analyzing sequences from noncoding chloroplast loci in closely related species.
Morphological disparity in Cladoniaceae: The foliose genus Heterodea evolved from fruticose Cladia species (Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycota)
Authors: Parnmen Sittiporn , Rangsiruji Achariya , Mongkolsuk Pachara , Boonpragob Kansri , Elix John A. , Lumbsch H. Thorsten 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships of the genera Cladia and Heterodea were reconstructed using a combined dataset of nuclear ITS, nuclear LSU and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences. Based on different analyses (Bayesian approach, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood), the ingroup (Cladia + Heterodea) is strongly supported as monophyletic. Pilophorus strumaticus has a well supported sister–group relationship to the ingroup and together they form a sister group with a well–supported clade, which includes Metus conglomeratus and Pycnothelia papillaria. The Shimodaira–Hasegawa test and the ELW test significantly rejected monophyly of Cladia excluding Heterodea. Within Cladia three main clades can be distinguished which share morphological and chemical characters. The position of the foliose genus Heterodea within the fruticose Cladia is supported by anatomical and chemical characters. The species of clade II that includes two Cladia species and Heterodea share a similar type of upper cortex and two–layered medulla with an inner or lower medulla consisting of dark pigmented, thick–walled hyphae. Our phylogenetic estimate and the anatomical studies indicate that the foliose thallus of Heterodea originated from pseudopodetia of Cladia. It is discussed that the species currently classified in Cladia and Heterodea need to be placed in the same genus.
Phylogeny and taxonomy of Leucotrichum (Polypodiaceae): A new genus of grammitid ferns from the Neotropics
Authors: Labiak Paulo H. , Rouhan Germinal , Sundue Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new genus of grammitid ferns, Leucotrichum, is described. Segregated from Lellingeria on the basis of molecular analyses and morphological characters, it comprises five species distributed in the Antilles, Central America, and Southeastern Brazil. We present a phylogeny based on two cpDNA genes, atpB and rbcL, showing the relationships between Leucotrichum and other genera of grammitid ferns. Both Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony analyses support the monophyly of Leucotrichum, with bootstrap value of 100% and posterior probability value of 1.0, and its sister–group relationship to the Terpsichore lanigera group. Leucotrichum is characterized by seven morphological characters: arching fronds, clathrate rhizome scales, blackish rhizome scale cell walls, laterally marginate petioles, laminar apices subconform to the lateral pinnae, pinna costae without blackish sclerenchyma, and hairs bearing acicular branch cells. We also provide a key, descriptions, complete synonymy, discussions, specimens examined, and illustrations for all the species.
Typification and characterization of Orobanche santolinae Loscos & J. Pardo (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: Pujadas-Salvà Antonio J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOrobanche santolinae Loscos & J. Pardo, which is frequently considered a synonym of O. artemisiae–campestris or O. picridis, is lectotypified here from Loscos's original material in the herbarium of the Botany Department of the University of Coimbra (COI). A morphological description focusing on the particular characters which distinguish it from related species is provided. Orobanche santolinae occurs in western areas of the European Mediterranean region (viz., east and south of the Iberian Peninsula and south–west of France), it is considered to belong to the O. minor group and warrant recognition at species level.
The phylogenetic position of milkweeds (Apocynaceae subfamilies Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae): Evidence from the nucleus and chloroplast
Authors: Livshultz Tatyana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe nuclear gene phytochrome A (PHYA) from 71 species of crown clade Apocynaceae (subfamilies Asclepiadoideae, Secamonoideae, Periplocoideae, and four lineages of Apocynoideae) and outgroups is used to (1) test the chloroplast phylogeny that places the African tribe Baisseeae, with solitary pollen grains, as sister to the pollinia‐bearing milkweeds (Secamonoideae plus Asclepiadoideae); (2) resolve the position of tetrad‐bearing Periplocoideae, the proposed milkweed sister group based on morphology; (3) place the enigmatic Dewevrella; and (4) clarify relationships of the three other primary crown clade lineages: Rhabdadenia, New World clade, and Asian clade. Separate analyses of PHYA and chloroplast sequences agree in placing an African monad‐bearing clade (Baisseeae plus Dewevrella) as the sister group of the milkweeds. Combined PHYA and chloroplast datasets under parsimony and maximum likelihood reject Periplocoideae as the milkweed sister group with statistical significance. Rhabdadenia is placed as sister to the rest of the crown clade, consistent with aspects of its floral morphology and wood anatomy, but without statistical support. Other relationships among the primary crown clade Apocynaceae lineages are also not supported statistically, but power analysis indicates that four to eight times as many characters (26,376–52,752 aligned positions) will be sufficient for a robust estimate.
Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of morphological characters in Ononis L. (Fabaceae)
Authors: Turini Florian G. , Bräuchler Christian , Heubl Günther 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOnonis L. (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae) is a common genus in the circum‐Mediterranean region. To infer phylogenetic relationships, 69 Ononis species were analyzed using plastid trnL‐F and nuclear ITS DNA sequences. Trees resulting from maximum parsimony analysis and Bayesian inference provide evidence that Ononis is monophyletic but contradict the traditional subgeneric division in O. sects. Ononis and Natrix. However, many of the 22 subsections of the genus are well supported by the molecular data. Phylogenetic reconstructions indicate five major lineages within the genus, which are morphologically supported by peduncle length and flower color, characters which also confirm the polyphyly suggested for O. subsect. Reclinatae. Ononis subsects. Antiquae and Rhodanthae form a basally branching monophylum, confirming the findings of previous studies. An examination of the life strategies dominant in different clades and the climatic conditions in the habitats of the species in the light of the molecular data suggests that O. subsects. Ononis, Mauritanicae and Canariensis are secondarily perennial, with the latter two serving as examples of high altitude woodiness and insular woodiness.
Reestablishment and new circumscription of Comanthera (Eriocaulaceae)
Authors: Parra Lara Regina , Giulietti Ana Maria , de Andrade Maria José Gomes , van den Berg Cássio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrevious morphological and molecular studies indicate that Syngonanthus is polyphyletic. Syngonanthus sect. Syngonanthus and S. sect. Carphocephalus as well as Philodice cluster in a monophyletic clade and are included in Syngonanthus. Syngonanthus sect. Eulepis and S. sect. Thysanocephalus are also a monophyletic group that can be used to reestablish Comanthera with a new circumscription and two subgenera: Comanthera subg. Comanthera and C. subg. Thysanocephalus. Characterization of Comanthera and the necessary nomenclatural combinations are provided in this paper. The genus will now include 38 species, six varieties and four subspecies. Of the species, 34 are endemic to Brazil, occurring especially in the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais and Bahia. Three species extend from Brazil into other countries of northern South America and one is found only in Venezuela and Guyana. In this paper we also propose 43 new synonyms, 39 new combinations, one name change, three changes of status, eight lectotypifications and one neotypification.
Georges Bronckart's collections and drawings of Vietnam orchids
Authors: Billiet Frieda , Pedersen Henrik Æ. , Robbrecht Elmar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGeorges Bronckart (born 1881) was a Belgian orchid amateur who collected in Vietnam between ca. 1900 to 1905. He also made illustrations of some of his collections. Duplicate material was sent to the Belgian botanists Cogniaux and De Wildeman. The former described five new varieties within the genera Aerides, Dendrobium, Phalaenopsis and Stauropsis, while De Wildeman described four new species of Dendrobium based on this material. Only one of the nine taxa remains accepted today, viz. Dendrobium ochraceum De Wild., a species endemic to central Vietnam. A concise biography of Bronckart and his contribution to horticulture is presented. The taxonomic section summarizes the typification of the names based on his material, and designates lectotypes or neotypes where necessary.
Teleotypification of fungal names and its limitations
Authors: Gams Walter , Jaklitsch Walter M. , Kirschner Roland , Réblová Martina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractArticle 59.7 of the ICBN (Vienna Code) allows the epitypification of a name of a fungus, known until then only as an anamorph, with teleomorphic material in order to avoid introducing an additional name. Redhead suggested calling this procedure teleotypification. We demonstrate that it is not desirable to apply teleotypification to newly discovered teleomorphs of fungi for which a suitable teleomorph genus is available. Describing a newly found anamorphic fungus under a teleomorph‐typified generic name may be defended, provided generic homogeneity is proven with molecular methods and no suitable anamorph genus is available. Alternative proposals will be submitted to either return to the previous situation without teleotypification or to restrict teleotypification explicitly to cases where the original genus is monotypic or at least clearly monophyletic, and no suitable teleomorph genus is available.
Cassini's Compositae genera: A nomenclatural and taxonomic assessment
Authors: Flann Christina , Greuter Werner , Hind D.J. Nicholas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWork on the Global Compositae Checklist has highlighted uncertainties and errors in the nomenclatural parameters of many genera and subgenera described by Henri Cassini. Problems concern rank (subgenus vs. genus); type designation; correct place of valid publication; alternative names; and other miscellaneous issues. An annotated list with correct nomenclatural information for 391 generic names or designations is provided, including types (newly designated here for 17 names) and one new combination (Gyptis tanacetifolia). The current taxonomic disposition of Cassini's genera and the accepted names for the listed typonyms are consistently mentioned. The familiar names Felicia and Chrysopsis, already conserved, are threatened by unlisted earlier synonyms, and currently used Fulcaldea turns out to be illegitimate. Proposals to deal with these problems by conservation are being presented separately.
Names of American vascular plants published in Loefling's Iter Hispanicum (1758) and its German translation (1766)
Authors: Dorr Laurence J. , Wiersema John H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLoefling's Iter Hispanicum (1758) and its subsequent translations, editions, issues, and facsimiles are analyzed for their impact on the nomenclature of American vascular plants. The book, edited by Linnaeus and posthumously published, contains descriptions of plants found in Venezuela (as well as in the Iberian Peninsula). For American plants the original volume (1758) is the source of 31 new genera, 15 new species, and one replaced name, and a German translation (1766) is the source of an additional two new species. Many of these nomenclatural innovations have been ignored, overlooked, or intentionally suppressed, some for centuries. Other names in the Iter Hispanicum have been misinterpreted. We examine the reasons for considering these 49 names to be validly published and the nomenclatural ramifications. In the interests of nomenclatural stability we are forced to conclude that the names of at least ten taxa described by Loefling should be rejected: Ayenia sidiformis Loefl., Cofer Loefl., Cruzeta Loefl., Cruzeta hispanica Loefl., Edechia inermis Loefl., E. spinosa L., Justicia putata Loefl., Menais Loefl., Muco Loefl., and Samyda parviflora Loefl. Likewise the names of two species described by Linnaeus that are tied to the Iter Hispanicum should be rejected: Menais topiaria L. and Spermacoce suffruticosa L. Finally, we select neotypes for Gaura fruticosa Loefl., Salvinia michelii Loefl., and Waltheria melochioides Loefl.
Typification of the names of Iberian Valerianaceae taxa described by Linnaeus
Authors: Vázquez Francisco M. , Jarvis Charles E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe typification of ten Linnaean names of taxa belonging to the Valerianaceae is discussed. Lectotypes are designated from the Linnaean herbarium at LINN (Valeriana dioica, V. locusta var. discoidea, V. phu, V. tripteris), the Burser Herbarium at UPS (V. montana, V. tuberosa), and from the Clifford Herbarium at BM (V. rubra). An illustration in a pre‐Linnaean work is designated as the lectotype of both V. locusta var. mutica and V. locusta var. pumila. Valeriana mixta, often treated as ambiguous, is discussed and will be proposed for formal rejection. Each type choice made here maintains the present usage of the corresponding Linnaean name.
New insights in the evolution of the liverwort family Aneuraceae (Metzgeriales, Marchantiophyta), with emphasis on the genus Lobatiriccardia
Authors: Preußing Markus , Olsson Sanna , Schäfer-Verwimp Alfons , Wickett Norman J. , Wicke Susann , Quandt Dietmar , Nebel Martin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses using two fast evolving plastid markers (rps4, trnL‐F) reveal the occurrence of the Australasiatic liverwort genus Lobatiriccardia in the Neotropics. Two new species, Lobatiriccardia oberwinkleri and L. verdoornioides are reported from Ecuador. Phylogenetic reconstructions support Lobatiriccardia and Aneura as monophyletic sister groups and do not place Verdoornia as the first branching Aneuracean taxon but rather sister to Aneura and Lobatiriccardia, which is consistent with mycothallus development in Aneuraceae. Subsequently, Aneuraceae, as treated here, include Aneura, Lobati‐ riccardia, Riccardia, and Verdoornia. Although high levels of genetic structure can be observed among members of the Aneura pinguis complex, current species delimitations are questionable, and detailed analyses of cryptic speciation and biogeographic patterns are needed to understand the evolution of Aneura, with particular attention paid to the non‐photosynthetic species Aneura mirabilis. Ancestral state reconstructions suggest an evolutionary trend of female gametangia, and subsequently the sporophyte, moving from a central position on the dorsal side of the thallus (Verdoornia) to a marginal position between thallus lobes (Lobatiriccardia) to a more ventral (quasi latero‐ventral) position under the thallus margin (Aneura).
Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Vuilleminia (Basidiomycota) based on molecular and morphological evidence, with new insights into Corticiales
Authors: Ghobad-Nejhad Masoomeh , Nilsson R. Henrik , Hallenberg Nils 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVuilleminia is a corticioid genus common in Europe whose species inhabit decaying and dead attached wood of angiosperms. To examine the circumscription of the genus and the phylogenetic relationships among its species, we analyzed nuclear ribosomal sequence data from the ITS region and the LSU gene with maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods and also studied morphological characters. Our results challenge the notion that spore size and host specificity are critically important factors in delimiting species of Vuilleminia. A taxonomic summary of the accepted species in Vuilleminia is provided. Vuilleminia species described from the South America and Africa are demonstrated to be distinct from those of the north temperate region. Australovuilleminia coccinea gen. & sp. nov. is proposed for the taxon previously reported as V. comedens from New Zealand. Punctulariopsis gen. nov. is proposed for V. subglobispora described from Argentina (= Punctulariopsis subglobispora) and V. obducens from Ethiopia (= Punctulariopsis obducens). Vuilleminia is shown to be a monophyletic genus, apparently north hemispheric, and currently comprises six species. Vuilleminia together with the closely related genera Cytidia and Australovuilleminia form a well‐supported clade (Vuilleminia clade) and the family name Vuilleminiaceae is resurrected to recognize this clade. Vuilleminia quercina (= Corticium quercicola) is not closely related to the other Vuilleminia species and is instead nested in a completely different clade (Corticium clade). A new genus Marchandiopsis is erected for this taxon.