bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of Zohdy’s Method for Controlled-Source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric (CSAMT) Data Interpretation with Layered Model
Authors: Sumintadireja P. , Grandis H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Surveys with Controlled-Source Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) are often performed in scalar mode for practical considerations. In such case, CSAMT data are obtained from electric and magnetic fields oriented along and perpendicular to the traverse line, respectively. With closely spaced sounding stations along a profile, layered or 1D model can be considered as sufficeint to obtain an overall view of the subsurface resistivity distribution in the study area. Zohdy’s method that was used to infer resistivity variation with depth from Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data is extended for CSAMT data interpretation. An initial model is determined from apparent resistivity sounding data using skin depth principle or its alternative, e.g. Bostick transform. With the number of layers equals to the number of data (in frequency or period), the discrepancy of calculated from observed data can be used to modify iteratively the layer parameters (resistivity and thickness). Preliminary tests using synthetic data associated with simple synthetic models showed satisfactory results. On-going study is still underway to assess smooth resistivity variation with depth and to correlate models from stations along a profile to obtain a quasi-2D resistivity model. Application for CSAMT data from a geothermal prospect is also sought.
Finite Element Simulation to Determine Tree Safety Factor Using Geoelectrical Mapping as an Input
Authors: Devi S , Ardianto  , Permatasari A W , Darmawan N , Widodo  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The distribution of stress and strain of the root in the ground can be used to determine the stability of a tree. The distribution itself is affected by the root architectural factor, the shear and tensile strength of ground and tree, and the geometry. The root architectures are mapped using geoelectrical method. In this method we use dipole-dipole configuration. Geophysical data acquisition was carried out with 6 lines of 3 m length, 25 cm electrode spacing and radial orientation around the target tree to map the distribution of the secondary root, an also a line of 15 m length, 1 m spacing and east-west orientation to map the maximum depth of the primary root. This research is conducted in Lapangan Sipil of Institut Teknologi Bandung. Geophysical data inversion is done to get the root architecture. The geoelectric data processing is done using RES2DINV software. We obtain the shear and tensile strength of the ground from literature study. The inversion result and literature data are used as input to do finite element situation to get the distribution of stress and strain of the tree and the ground. Finally, the result of the simulation can be used to determine the safety factor of the tree in certain weather.
Preliminary Results of Subsurface Physical Properties using Resistivity Logger Prototype
Authors: Widodo  , Fatkhan  , Christy Viony Natashia , Setiawan Tedy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
All geophysical techniques are depends on the existance of a contrasts in physical properties of materials. Since the complexity of the subsurface physical properties can vary, the knowledge of basic theories about it should be validated with practical skills. One effective way to improve the practical skills is by designing a small-scale instrument of well logging to identify the resistivity of the subsurface layers. In this research, a simple tunnel model is implemented in order to represent a complex geological model. Based on well-logging principles, this prototype is made to identify variations in resistivity value using a logger equipped with Wenner Array of four electrodes. An Arduino UNO microcontroller is utilized to arrange the work of the logger and programmed to process the potential values. It is obtained from the electrodes and displayed by the interface. In order to test the propotype, the air-filled tunnel models are performed. At the location near the air-filled tunnel, the resistivity log data give highest values compare any other location due to the air material. The results show that the resistivity well logging data are able to represent the air-filled tunnel model. The 3D model of well log data can identify the type of the physical properties of material in the air-filled tunnel model. Furthermore, the simple concept of this prototype can be developed for large-scale utilization.
Role of the lysyl oxidase enzyme family in cardiac function and disease
Authors: Al-u’datt Doa’a , Allen Bruce G , Nattel Stanley 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHeart diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and related LOX-like (LOXL) isoforms play a vital role in remodelling the extracellular matrix (ECM). The LOX family controls ECM formation by cross-linking collagen and elastin chains. LOX/LOXL proteins are copper-dependent amine oxidases that catalyse the oxidation of lysine, causing cross-linking between the lysine moieties of lysine-rich proteins. Dynamic changes in LOX and LOXL protein-expression occur in a variety of cardiac pathologies; these changes are believed to be central to the associated tissue-fibrosis. An awareness of the potential pathophysiological importance of LOX has led to the evaluation of interventions that target LOX/LOXL proteins for heart-disease therapy. The purposes of this review article are: (i) to summarize the basic biochemistry and enzyme function of LOX and LOXL proteins; (ii) to consider their tissue and species distribution; and (iii) to review the results of experimental studies of the roles of LOX and LOXL proteins in heart disease, addressing involvement in the mechanisms, pathophysiology and therapeutic responses based on observations in patient samples and relevant animal models. Therapeutic targeting of LOX family enzymes has shown promising results in animal models, but small-molecule approaches have been limited by non-specificity and off-target effects. Biological approaches show potential promise but are in their infancy. While there is strong evidence for LOX-family protein participation in heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation and hypertension, as well as potential interest as therapeutic targets, the precise involvement of LOX-family proteins in heart disease requires further investigation.
Ruminally protected and unprotected Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products as alternatives to antibiotics in finishing beef steers1
Authors: Shen Yizhao , Davedow Taylor , Ran Tao , Saleem Atef M , Yoon Ilkyu , Narvaez Claudia , Mcallister Tim Angus , Yang Wenzhu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP; NaturSafe, SCFPns; and Original XPC, XPC; Diamond V) on growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, and antimicrobial resistance in beef steers fed high-grain diets. Ninety Angus steers (initial body weight [BW], 533 ± 9.8 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete design with 6 treatments (n = 15/treatment): 1) control, 2) low (12 g SCFPns·steer−1·d−1), 3) medium (15 g SCFPns·steer−1·d−1), 4) high SCFP (18 g SCFPns·steer−1·d−1), 5) encapsulated XPC (eXPC; 7 g XPC·steer−1·d−1 encapsulated with 9 g capsule material), and 6) antibiotics (ANT; 330 mg monensin + 110 mg tylosin·steer−1·d−1). Steers were fed ad libitum a diet containing 10% barley silage and 90% barley grain concentrate mix (dry matter basis) for 105 d. Increasing SCFPns tended (P < 0.09) to linearly increase feed efficiency. Average daily gain (ADG) tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in steers supplemented with eXPC than control. The SCFPns also tended (P < 0.10) to linearly increase marbling score. Proportion of severely abscessed livers tended (P < 0.10) to be lower in steers supplemented with medium and high SCFPns, eXPC, or ANT. A treatment × days on feed interaction were noticed (P < 0.01) for blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and acute phase proteins. The concentration of blood glucose responded quadratically (P < 0.05) on days 28 and 56, whereas BUN linearly (P < 0.01) increased on day 105 with increasing SCFPns dose. The SCFPns linearly increased haptoglobin (P < 0.03) and serum amyloid A (SAA;P < 0.05) concentrations on day 105, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP;P < 0.01) on days 56 and 105. The percentage of erythromycin-resistant and erythromycin + tetracycline-resistant enterococci was greater (P < 0.05) with ANT than control, SCFPns, and eXPC, whereas no difference was observed among control, SCFPns, and eXPC. No treatment effect was detected on the percentage of tetracycline-resistant enterococci. These results indicate that feeding SCFPns and eXPC was beneficial in improving ADG, feed efficiency and decreasing liver abscesses in a manner comparable to ANT. Unlike antibiotics, SCFPns or eXPC did not increase antimicrobial resistance. Both SCFPns and eXPC are potential alternatives to in-feed antibiotics.
Management of a Man With Hydrofluoric Acid Burns: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Yu Yao , Sun Ran , Gu Jia , Zhang Yisen , Tai Ningzheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A hydrofluoric acid (HFA) burn is a severe condition with the characteristics of acute onset, rapid progression, and high complication and mortality rates. Emergency and systemic treatments are especially important for major HFA burns. The author presents the case of a 46-year-old man burned by the spillage of HFA at a high concentration (45–50%). He suffered burns over 30% of his total body area (5% deep partial-thickness burns and 25% third-degree burns). Debridement, tangential excision, and electrolyte therapy were quickly performed for urgent treatment. Symptomatic treatment was sustained to address severe complications and recurrent injury. For successful management, the patient was stabilized, and he exhibited complete wound repair after 3 months. The author summarizes severe cases of HFA burns to emphasize the difficulty of treatment. The existing approved therapies and complications are discussed, and the significance of electrolyte disorders, especially hypocalcemia, is highlighted. The pathophysiology of HFA burns and recommendations for the treatment of HFA burns at different sites are presented to provide a relatively complete treatment guideline focused on electrolyte disorders.
Factors associated with the weight of individual primal cuts and their inter-relationship in cattle
Authors: Judge Michelle M , Pabiou Thierry , Conroy Stephen , Fanning Rory , Kinsella Martin , Aspel Diarmaid , Cromie Andrew R , Berry Donagh P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Input parameters for decision support tools are comprised of, amongst others, knowledge of the associated factors and the extent of those associations with the animal-level feature of interest. The objective of the present study was to quantify the association between animal-level factors with primal cut yields in cattle and to understand the extent of the variability in primal cut yields independent carcass weight. The data used consisted of the weight of 14 primal carcass cuts (as well as carcass weight, conformation, and fat score) on up to 54,250 young cattle slaughtered between the years 2013 and 2017. Linear mixed models, with contemporary group of herd-sex-season of slaughter as a random effect, were used to quantify the associations between a range of model fixed effects with each primal cut separately. Fixed effects in the model were dam parity, heterosis coefficient, recombination loss, a covariate per breed representing the proportion of Angus, Belgian Blue, Charolais, Jersey, Hereford, Limousin, Simmental, and Holstein–Friesian and a three-way interaction between whether the animal was born in a dairy or beef herd, sex, and age at slaughter, with or without carcass weight as a covariate in the mixed model. The raw correlations among all cuts were all positive varying from 0.33 (between the bavette and the striploin) to 0.93 (between the topside and knuckle). The partial correlation among cuts, following adjustment for differences in carcass weight, varied from −0.36 to 0.74. Age at slaughter, sex, dam parity, and breed were all associated (P &lt; 0.05) with the primal cut weight. Knowledge of the relationship between the individual primal cuts, and the solutions from the models developed in the study, could prove useful inputs for decision support systems to increase performance.
The Atoxigenic Biocontrol Product Aflasafe SN01 Is a Valuable Tool to Mitigate Aflatoxin Contamination of Both Maize and Groundnut Cultivated in Senegal
Authors: Senghor L. A. , Ortega-Beltran A. , Atehnkeng J. , Callicott K. A. , Cotty P. J. , Bandyopadhyay R. 
Published: August 2019

Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut and maize infected by Aspergillus section Flavi fungi is common throughout Senegal. The use of biocontrol products containing atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains to reduce crop aflatoxin content has been successful in several regions, but no such products are available in Senegal. The biocontrol product Aflasafe SN01 was developed for use in Senegal. The four active ingredients of Aflasafe SN01 are atoxigenic A. flavus genotypes native to Senegal and distinct from active ingredients used in other biocontrol products. Efficacy tests on groundnut and maize in farmers’ fields were carried out in Senegal during the course of 5 years. Active ingredients were monitored with vegetative compatibility analyses. Significant (P < 0.05) displacement of aflatoxin producers occurred in all years, districts, and crops. In addition, crops from Aflasafe SN01-treated fields contained significantly (P < 0.05) fewer aflatoxins both at harvest and after storage. Most crops from treated fields contained aflatoxin concentrations permissible in both local and international markets. Results suggest that Aflasafe SN01 is an effective tool for aflatoxin mitigation in groundnut and maize. Large-scale use of Aflasafe SN01 should provide health, trade, and economic benefits for Senegal.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Genetics of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: insights into disease pathogenesis
Authors: Rothwell Simon , Chinoy Hector , Lamb Janine A. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of reviewTo review the advances that have been made in our understanding of the genetics of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) in the past 2 years, with a particular focus on dermatomyositis and polymyositis.Recent findingsFine-mapping studies in the major histocompatibility complex region in Caucasian and Korean populations have identified novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants that are associated with autoantibody subgroups in IIM. Differences in HLA associations have been identified between Caucasian adult-onset and juvenile-onset patients with anti-TIF1 autoantibodies, suggesting distinct aetiologies in these patients. For some autoantibodies, the strongest associations identified are specific amino acid positions within HLA molecules, providing mechanistic insights into disease pathogenesis.A meta-analysis combining data from four seropositive rheumatic diseases identified 22 novel non-HLA associations in IIM, of which seven were previously reported at suggestive significance in IIM. A genome-wide association study conducted in the Japanese population identified a significant association withWDFY4in patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis.SummaryConsiderable progress has been made in understanding the genetics of IIM, including differences in clinical and autoantibody subgroups. As research continues, there should be a focus to increase statistical strength and precision by conducting meta-analyses and trans-ethnic studies.
Detection and classification of systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease: a review
Authors: DeMizio Daniel J. , Bernstein Elana J. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous disease with a variable disease course. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with SSc. The present review highlights recent advances in the classification, diagnosis, and early detection of SSc-associated ILD (SSc-ILD).

Recent findings
Risk stratification through measurement of disease extent on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest, longitudinal declines in pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and mortality prediction models have formed the basis for classifying clinically significant ILD. HRCT may be preferred over PFTs for screening, as PFTs lack sensitivity and have a high false-negative rate. Novel imaging modalities and biomarkers hold promise as adjunct methods for assessing the presence and severity of SSc-ILD, and predicting risk for progressive disease. Further validation is required prior to their use in clinical settings.

Summary
Classification of SSc-ILD has shifted to a personalized approach that considers an individual patient's probability of progressive disease through identification of risk factors, measurement of disease extent on HRCT, longitudinal declines in PFTs, and mortality prediction models. There remains an unmet need to develop screening guidelines for SSc-ILD.
Comparison of Perioperative Complications Between Anterior Decompression With Fusion and Laminoplasty For Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Morishita Shingo , Yoshii Toshitaka , Okawa Atsushi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: August 2019

Study Design:
A retrospective comparative study with a large national database.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to compare the perioperative complications and costs of anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) and laminoplasty (LAMP) for patients who had cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Summary of Background Data:
CSM is the most common spinal cord disorder in the upper middle–aged people in Japan. ADF and LAMP represent 2 major treatments; however, few studies have reported large-scale investigations for perioperative complications with CSM. Thus, it is controversial which surgical approach will lead to the best clinical outcome in CSM.

Materials and Methods:
All data in this study were collected from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database for patients diagnosed with CSM. We adjusted for known confounding biases with propensity score matching. One-to-one matched pairs between each surgical procedure were analyzed for the purposes of comparing systemic complication rates, local complication rates, medical costs, and mortality.

Results:
After propensity score matching, 1638 pairs of patients undergoing ADF and LAMP were made. More perioperative systemic complications were observed in the ADF group, such as atrial fibrillation (ADF/LAMP=0.7%/0.2%, P=0.032), respiratory failure (1.4%/0.1%, P<0.001), dysphagia (2.2%/0.2%, P<0.001), and sepsis (0.5%/0.1%, P=0.019). In contrast, a high rate of pulmonary embolism was observed with LAMP groups (ADF/LAMP=0%/0.2%, P=0.045). Local complications, such as infection (ADF/LAMP=0.8%/1.7%, P=0.026) and meningitis (0%/0.2%, P<0.045), were more common in the LAMP group. Conversely, spinal fluid leakage (ADF/LAMP=0.6%/0%, P=0.003) was more common in the ADF group. The costs (P<0.001) were higher in the ADF group.

Conclusions:
More systemic complications, such as respiratory disease, cardiovascular events, and sepsis, were observed in the ADF group, although local infection was more frequently seen in the LAMP group. Medical costs were higher in the ADF group. The findings in this study will contribute to each CSM patient by allowing suitable adaptation of cervical surgeries.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Strategies to prevent brain metastasis
Authors: Soffietti Riccardo , Pellerino Alessia , Rudà Roberta 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
The current article reviews the state of art of prevention strategies for brain metastases from solid tumors and touches both old pivotal studies and new directions of personalized molecular approaches.

Recent findings
Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) has a definite role in the prevention of relapse into the brain for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) responding to chemotherapy and radiotherapy as it prolongs overall survival (OS). However, the risk of late cognitive deficit following whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in this patient population is still not well known. Conversely, PCI significantly reduces the incidence of brain metastases and prolongs the disease-free interval in patients with non-SCLC (NSCLC), but does not improve OS thus far. Pharmacologic prevention is a new concept driven by the efficacy of targeted agents on macrometastases from specific molecular subgroups.

Summary
The future challenges for prevention of brain metastases are represented by the identification of subgroups of patients at higher risk of relapse into the brain coupled with either new WBRT strategies to better preserve cognition or effective molecular agents to target micrometastases.
Association Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Anesthetized Children and Hypothermia
Authors: Cronin Jessica A. , Shen Christine , Rana Sohel , Fricke Stanley Thomas , Matisoff Andrew 
Published: August 2019

Introduction:
There is a myriad of factors that can lead to temperature derangements in anesthetized children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Temperature abnormalities in pediatric patients are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although some reports have looked at this topic, to our knowledge, no studies have continuously monitored temperature throughout the MRI scan. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of MRI on body temperature for anesthetized children undergoing MRI using continuous temperature measurement, identify patient risk factors to develop temperature abnormalities, and determine the effect of temperature derangements on perianesthetic complications.

Methods:
This retrospective, single-center study evaluated 285 pediatric outpatients from January 1, 2018, to March 31, 2018, who were less than 8 years old and underwent anesthesia for an MRI scan. Temperature, postanesthesia care unit length of stay, and demographic data were collected retrospectively using chart review and data extraction from electronic medical records. Statistical analyses included unpaired t test, chi-square test, and simple and multiple linear regressions.

Results:
Sixty-three percent (179/285) of children in our study had a median temperature less than 36°C during their MRI scan. There were no patients who had a median temperature greater than 38°C during their MRI scan. There were no identifiable patient risk factors for the development of hypothermia. Those who developed hypothermia did not have an increased rate of perianesthetic complications.

Conclusion:
MRI in anesthetized children is associated with hypothermia but does not correlate with any significant perianesthetic complications.