bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marshes waters sources hydrochemistryof the Bahr Al-Najaf at Najaf Province, Iraq
Authors: Badr Ghalib Hussein , Al-Hawash Adnan B. , Al-Qurnaw Wasan S. , Hameed Sultan Basim , Al-enzy Arshad W. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Bahar Al-Najaf basin is located in the western part of Al-Najaf governorate, center of Iraq. This work was aimed to determine the water sources for marshes, water discharges and factors which causing to the rise and low of the water level in these marshes.Five sources recharge for the marshes water were detected; rainwater, Al-Dammam confined aquifer flowing wells, sieve factures, water of springs and the irrigation water.The hydrochemistry analysis was investigated for all water sources of marshes using major and minor elements (Ca, Na, K, Mg, Cl, SO4, NO3, HCO3 and Br) and field measurements such as (T, pH, EC, TDS). The hydrochemical results shows that the all sources of water are not suitable for drinking water, while it’s classified as a good to permissible water for irrigation except water of marshes. Water quality standards for livestock is vary from very good water type in the irrigation streams to the can be used in a water marshes.
A comparison of Numerical Solutions for Linear Fredholm Integral Equation of the Second Kind
Authors: Talab Abdullah Jalil , Hussein Shuaa Al-Taie Ali 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper, we offereda new numerical methodwhich is Touchard Polynomials (T-Ps) for solving Linear Fredholm Integral Equation of the Second Kind (LFIE2-K), to find approximating Numerical Solution (N-S). At the beginning, we demonstrate (T-Ps) andconstruct the operational matrix which is a matrix representation for solution. The algorithm and someexamples are given; comparing the numerical results of proposed method with the numerical results of the other numerical method which is Bernstein Polynomials (B-Ps).Wewill show the high resolution of results by proposed method.The comparison between the Exact Solution(E-S) and the results of two methods are given by calculating absolute value of error and the Least Square Error (L.S.E).The results are calculated in Matlabcode.
High prevalence of helicobacter pylori in Basra city Southern of Iraq
Authors: Hamid Dawood Alatbee Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study aims evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori in Population Basra city southern of Iraq including all age. Methods: During February to the December 2018 a study was carried out on 500 patients (male and female) they suffer from pain in the stomach and Abdominal and discomfort. The status of H. pylori infection was determined based on two different tests (serum anti H. pylori-antibody & H.pylori Ag rapid test –cassette (fecal specimen –CTK Company)). The serum test and rapid Ag test (stool sample) showed a significantly higher positive rate than expected, Of the 500 samples, randomized samples suffering from stomach and abdominal pain 290 were found positive, with a higher male incidence rate than females. The results showed 170 males with infected by bacteria H.pylori. “While” 120 females were infected. Prevalence of H. Pylori infection is high (58%) In people who suffer from pain in the stomach and Abdominal and discomfort. Infection is more common in adults and older people. The main causes of the increase in the: infection by H pylori.in the city of Basra is due to pollution of the city water and agricultural crops.
FTIR spectroscopy of conformational probes in PVB/PEG600 blends
Authors: Kamalova D I , Abdrazakova L R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper we have studied the conformational dynamics of conformationally-heterogeneous probes in the blends of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and polyethylene glycol (PEG600) with molecular weight equaled to 600. We have determined the freezing temperatures of conformational transitions and the enthalpy differences of conformations of the probes in PVB/PEG600 blends with different compositions by FTIR spectra.
The operation of combining sets for images in optical echo holography
Authors: Sakhbieva A R , Nefediev L A , Nefedyev Y A , Akhmedshina E N , Andreev A O 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper considers the implementation of logical operations with sets presented as images in the accumulated photon echo mode. It is shown that the photon echo mode may be used to perform the operation of combining sets.
The impact of Pleistocene sea-level oscillations on plant genetic diversity: the case of the western Mediterranean endemic Carduncellus dianius (Asteraceae)
Authors: Herrando-Moraira Sonia , Massó Sergi , Zani Deborah , López-Pujol Jordi , Vilatersana Roser 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo what extent Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations have affected the genetic diversity of species is one of the current topics in biogeographical research. Carduncellus dianius is a Mediterranean narrow endemic species, restricted to < 20 populations distributed along coastal areas in Alicante (mainland eastern Iberian Peninsula) and on the island of Ibiza (Balearic Islands). To get insights into its evolutionary history and its genetic diversity and structure, we combined the analysis of molecular markers (three plastid DNA regions and AFLP) with ecological niche modelling. Results from dated phylogeographical analyses revealed that this species might have originated in the continental region during the early Pleistocene. The colonization of Ibiza could have occurred by a single long-distance dispersal event, with a subsequent back-colonization from the island to the same continental area of origin. These results corroborate the role of islands as sources for mainland colonization (biodiversity reservoirs) and as refugia during glacial periods. Notably, we detected that populations located on stable landmasses (i.e. not affected by sea rising during interglacial cycles) harboured significantly higher genetic diversity than those that were periodically submerged during the periods of marine transgressions. Our results point out sea-level fluctuations as a factor to be considered in phylogeographical studies focused on species distributed along coastlines.
Maternal Interleukin-6 Is Associated With Macaque Offspring Amygdala Development and Behavior
Authors: Ramirez Julian S B , Graham Alice M , Thompson Jacqueline R , Zhu Jennifer Y , Sturgeon Darrick , Bagley Jennifer L , Thomas Elina , Papadakis Samantha , Bah Muhammed , Perrone Anders , Earl Eric , Miranda-Dominguez Oscar , Feczko Eric , Fombonne Eric J , Amaral David G , Nigg Joel T , Sullivan Elinor L , Fair Damien A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Human and animal cross-sectional studies have shown that maternal levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) may compromise brain phenotypes assessed at single time points. However, how maternal IL-6 associates with the trajectory of brain development remains unclear. We investigated whether maternal IL-6 levels during pregnancy relate to offspring amygdala volume development and anxiety-like behavior in Japanese macaques. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was administered to 39 Japanese macaque offspring (Female: 18), providing at least one or more time points at 4, 11, 21, and 36 months of age with a behavioral assessment at 11 months of age. Increased maternal third trimester plasma IL-6 levels were associated with offspring’s smaller left amygdala volume at 4 months, but with more rapid amygdala growth from 4 to 36 months. Maternal IL-6 predicted offspring anxiety-like behavior at 11 months, which was mediated by reduced amygdala volumes in the model’s intercept (i.e., 4 months). The results increase our understanding of the role of maternal inflammation in the development of neurobehavioral disorders by detailing the associations of a commonly examined inflammatory indicator, IL-6, on amygdala volume growth over time, and anxiety-like behavior.
Morphology and Spatial Probability Maps of the Horizontal Ascending Ramus of the Lateral Fissure
Authors: Sprung-Much Trisanna , Petrides Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe horizontal ascending ramus of the lateral fissure (half) is a characteristic sulcus of the ventrolateral frontal cortex that forms the morphological boundary between the pars triangularis and the pars orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyrus. The present study examined the morphology of this sulcus to provide a means of identifying it accurately with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voxels within the half were labeled in 50 in vivo MRI volumes (1.5 T) that had been linearly registered to the Montreal Neurological Institute stereotaxic space and the morphology of the half was categorized based on relations with neighboring sulci. The spatial variability and extent of the half were then quantified across subjects using volumetric (MINC Toolkit) and surface (FreeSurfer) spatial probability maps. The half could be identified in 95% of hemispheres, and the main morphological patterns were classified into three categories: Types I, II, and III. There were no statistically significant interhemispheric differences in the frequency of the half or its morphological patterns. Understanding the details of the sulcal morphology of this ventrolateral region is critical for an accurate interpretation of the location of activation peaks generated in functional neuroimaging studies investigating language, working memory, and other cognitive processes.
Functional association of a CD40 gene single-nucleotide polymorphism with the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease
Authors: Sultan Cheryl S , Weitnauer Michael , Turinsky Martin , Kessler Thorsten , Brune Maik , Gleissner Christian A , Leuschner Florian , Wagner Andreas H , Hecker Markus 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
Endothelial dysfunction is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. CD40–CD40 ligand interactions confer a pro-inflammatory phenotype to endothelial cells (ECs). Recently, a thymine to cytosine transition (−1T&gt;C) in the Kozak sequence of the CD40 gene (rs1883832) has been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in an Asian population. As there are no reports yet regarding its role in other ethnic groups, this study determines if the −1T&gt;C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) could be a risk factor for CHD in Caucasians by performing an association study and elucidates its functional consequence in cultured ECs.

Methods and results
Molecular and biochemical techniques, cell adhesion assays were used for genotype-stratified human EC characterization. SNP distribution in Caucasians was examined in a hospital-based case–control CHD study and serum levels of soluble CD40 (sCD40) were quantified by ELISA. The SNP in the CD40 gene affected baseline CD40 protein abundance on ECs. There was a genotype-dependent difference in CD40-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Monocyte adhesion was highest on the surface of cells homozygous for the C allele. Homozygosity for the C allele was associated with significant 2.32-fold higher odds of developing CHD as compared to TT genotype carriers. sCD40 plasma levels were genotype-dependently elevated in CHD patients, indicating a possible prognostic value.

Conclusion
The C allele of the CD40 SNP provokes a pro-inflammatory EC phenotype, compensated by an enhanced CD40 shedding to neutralize excess CD40 ligand. Homozygosity for the C allele is the cause for a genetic susceptibility to atherosclerosis and its sequelae.
Improved Barrett's neoplasia detection using computer-assisted multiframe analysis of volumetric laser endomicroscopy
Authors: Struyvenberg M R , van der Sommen F , Swager A F , de Groof A J , Rikos A , Schoon E J , Bergman J J , de With P H N , Curvers W L 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYVolumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) is a balloon-based technique, which provides a circumferential near-microscopic scan of the esophageal wall layers, and has potential to improve Barrett's neoplasia detection. Interpretation of VLE imagery in Barrett's esophagus (BE) however is time-consuming and complex, due to a large amount of visual information and numerous subtle gray-shaded VLE images. Computer-aided detection (CAD), analyzing multiple neighboring VLE frames, might improve BE neoplasia detection compared to automated single-frame analyses. This study is to evaluate feasibility of automatic data extraction followed by CAD using a multiframe approach for detection of BE neoplasia. Prospectively collected ex-vivo VLE images from 29 BE-patients with and without early neoplasia were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty histopathology-correlated regions of interest (30 nondysplastic vs. 30 neoplastic) were assessed using different CAD systems. Multiple neighboring VLE frames, corresponding to 1.25 millimeter proximal and distal to each region of interest, were evaluated. In total, 3060 VLE frames were analyzed via the CAD multiframe analysis. Multiframe analysis resulted in a significantly higher median AUC (median level = 0.91) compared to single-frame (median level = 0.83) with a median difference of 0.08 (95% CI, 0.06–0.10), P < 0.001. A maximum AUC of 0.94 was reached when including 22 frames on each side using a multiframe approach. In total, 3060 VLE frames were automatically extracted and analyzed by CAD in 3.9 seconds. Multiframe VLE image analysis shows improved BE neoplasia detection compared to single-frame analysis. CAD with multiframe analysis allows for fast and accurate VLE interpretation, thereby showing feasibility of automatic full scan assessment in a real-time setting during endoscopy.
Diversity and Neighbourhood Satisfaction
Authors: Langella Monica , Manning Alan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of ethnic diversity on individuals’ satisfaction with their neighbourhoods. It uses panel data and a variety of empirical methods to control for potential endogeneity of diversity and of location choices. We find that a higher white share raises overall satisfaction with the neighbourhood in our (overwhelming white) sample, but has no significant impact on generalised trust or other commonly used measures of social capital. We suggest that part of the impact of diversity on overall neighbourhood satisfaction may be through an effect on fear of crime, though we find no effect on actual crime.
The relation between systemic inflammation and incident cancer in patients with stable cardiovascular disease: a cohort study
Authors: van’t Klooster Cilie C , Ridker Paul M , Hjortnaes Jesper , van der Graaf Yolanda , Asselbergs Folkert W , Westerink Jan , Aerts Joachim G J V , Visseren Frank L J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
Low-grade inflammation, measured by elevated plasma concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is evidence that low-grade inflammation is also related to a higher risk of cancer. The present prospective cohort study evaluates the relation between low-grade systemic inflammation and risk of cancer in patients with stable CVD.

Methods and results
In total, 7178 patients with stable CVD and plasma CRP levels ≤10 mg/L were included. Data were linked to the Dutch national cancer registry. Cox regression models were fitted to study the relation between CRP and incident CVD and cancer. After a median follow-up time of 8.3 years (interquartile range 4.6–12.3) 1072 incident cancer diagnoses were observed. C-reactive protein concentration was related to total cancer [hazard ratio (HR) 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.65] comparing last quintile to first quintile of CRP. Especially lung cancer, independent of histopathological subtype, was related to CRP (HR 3.39; 95% CI 2.02–5.69 comparing last to first quintile of CRP). Incidence of epithelial neoplasms and especially squamous cell neoplasms were related to CRP concentration, irrespective of anatomical location. Sensitivity analyses after excluding patients with a cancer diagnosis within 1, 2, and 5 years of follow-up showed similar results. No effect modification was observed by smoking status or time since smoking cessation (P-values for interaction &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Chronic systemic low-grade inflammation, measured by CRP levels ≤10 mg/L, is a risk factor for incident cancer, markedly lung cancer, in patients with stable CVD. The relation between inflammation and incident cancer is seen in former and current smokers and is uncertain in never smokers.
The safety of discontinuation of oral anticoagulation therapy after apparently successful atrial fibrillation ablation: a report from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study
Authors: Yang Wang-Yang , Du Xin , Jiang Chao , He Liu , Fawzy Ameenathul M , Wang Lu , Liu Chang , Xia Shi-Jun , Chang San-Shuai , Guo Xue-Yuan , Li Song-Nan , Tang Ri-Bo , Liu Nian , Bai Rong , Sang Cai-Hua , Jiang Chen-Xi , Yu Rong-Hui , Long De-Yong , Dong Jian-Zeng , Lip Gregory Y H , Ma Chang-Sheng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to investigate the safety of discontinuing oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy after apparently successful atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, using data from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study.

Methods and results
We identified 4512 consecutive patients who underwent successful AF ablation between August 2011 and December 2017. Of them, 3149 discontinued OAC 3 months post-ablation (Off-OAC group) and 1363 continued OAC beyond this period (On-OAC group). Regular follow-up examinations were undertaken to detect AF recurrence, monitor OAC therapy, and measure clinical outcomes. Primary outcomes included thromboembolic and major bleeding (MB) events experienced beyond 3 months after ablation. Low thromboembolic and MB event rates were noted in the on-treatment analysis. The incidence rates for thromboembolism were 0.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–0.76] and 0.86 (95% CI 0.56–1.30) per 100 patient-years, and that for MB events were 0.19 (95% CI 0.11–0.34) and 0.35 (95% CI 0.18–0.67) per 100 patient-years, for the Off-OAC and On-OAC groups over mean follow-up periods of 24.2 ± 14.7 and 23.0 ± 13.6 months, respectively. Similar results were observed in the intention-to-treat analysis. Previous history of ischaemic stroke (IS)/transient ischaemic attack (TIA)/systemic embolism (SE) [hazard ratio (HR) 3.40, 95% CI 1.92–6.02; P &lt; 0.01] and diabetes mellitus (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.20–3.55, P = 0.01) were independently associated with thromboembolic events, while OAC discontinuation (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.41–1.23, P = 0.21) remained insignificant in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions
This study suggests that it may be safe to discontinue OAC in post-ablation patients under diligent monitoring, in the absence of AF recurrence, history of IS/TIA/SE, and diabetes mellitus. However, further large-scale randomized trials are required to confirm this.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-OCH-13003729. URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=5831.
Waist-to-height ratio is a useful indicator of cardio-metabolic risk in South Africa
Authors: Peer Nasheeta , Lombard Carl , Steyn Krisela , Levitt Naomi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe use of waist-to-height ratio has been suggested as a better proxy indicator of central obesity.ObjectiveTo compare the utility of waist-to-height ratio with commonly used adiposity indices of body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio to identify cardio-metabolic diseases in 25-74-year-old black residents of Cape Town.MethodsThis cross-sectional study, stratified for age and gender, determined cardio-metabolic abnormalities by administered questionnaires, clinical measurements and biochemical analyses, including oral glucose tolerance tests. Correlations between adiposity indices with cardio-metabolic components were examined. Age- and gender-adjusted logistic regression analyses determined the associations of obesity by these adiposity indices with cardio-metabolic abnormalities.ResultsThe study comprised 392 men and 707 women. Compared with other adiposity indices, waist-to-height ratio in men correlated most closely with fasting (0.360) and 2-hour (0.388) glucose levels, total cholesterol (0.267), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.351) and triglycerides (0.400). In women, waist-to-height ratio correlated the best with systolic blood pressure (0.254) and diastolic blood pressure (0.287). Of the adiposity indices, waist circumference was most strongly associated with diabetes (odds ratio 4.27, 95% confidence interval: 2.39–7.62), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.84, 1.90–4.26) and hypertriglyceridaemia (3.60, 2.03–6.40), whereas raised waist-to-height ratio was most closely related to hypertension (1.61, 1.07–2.42), hypercholesterolaemia (1.72, 1.04–2.83) and raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.46, 1.70–3.55).ConclusionsCompared with other adiposity indices, the better correlation of waist-to-height ratio with many cardio-metabolic components, particularly in men, and the stronger association of raised waist-to-height ratio with hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol support the utility of waist-to-height ratio in routine assessments of adiposity in this population, which may improve the identification of cardio-metabolic risk.
Multifunctional comparison of different management strategies in boreal forests
Authors: Díaz-Yáñez O , Pukkala T , Packalen P , Peltola H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In sustainable forestry, forests should produce multiple ecosystem services for society, such as timber, carbon sequestration and biodiversity. Therefore, in the evaluation of forest management strategies, we have to consider the impacts of management on several ecosystem services. In this study, we compared the effects of five different forest management strategies on timber drain, carbon stocks, carbon balance and biodiversity indicators, while maximizing economic revenues from timber production. The assessment was carried out in a boreal landscape of 43 000 ha over a 100-year calculation period. The five management strategies were rotation forest management (with thinning from below or above), continuous cover forestry, a combination of rotation forest management and continuous cover forestry and any-aged forestry. Rotation forest management with thinning from below was less profitable than the other strategies, which were close to each other in economic profitability. Rotation forest management with thinning from below was also the poorest in terms of carbon stocks, carbon balance and biodiversity indicators. Any-aged and continuous cover forestry were the best in terms of carbon sequestration and biodiversity indicators. In general, management strategies that used thinning from above and that were not restricted to rotation forest management as the only option provided more ecosystem services and were also economically profitable. Such management strategies may help to satisfy the increasing demand for diverse uses of forests.
Balancing unevenly distributed data in seismic tomography: a global adjoint tomography example
Authors: Ruan Youyi , Lei Wenjie , Modrak Ryan , Örsvuran Rıdvan , Bozdağ Ebru , Tromp Jeroen 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
The uneven distribution of earthquakes and stations in seismic tomography leads to slower convergence of nonlinear inversions and spatial bias in inversion results. Including dense regional arrays, such as USArray or Hi-Net, in global tomography causes severe convergence and spatial bias problems, against which conventional pre-conditioning schemes are ineffective. To save computational cost and reduce model bias, we propose a new strategy based on a geographical weighting of sources and receivers. Unlike approaches based on ray density or the Voronoi tessellation, this method scales to large full-waveform inversion problems and avoids instabilities at the edges of dense receiver or source clusters. We validate our strategy using a 2-D global waveform inversion test and show that the new weighting scheme leads to a nearly twofold reduction in model error and much faster convergence relative to a conventionally pre-conditioned inversion. We implement this geographical weighting strategy for global adjoint tomography.