bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stepping stones to isolation: Impacts of a changing climate on the connectivity of fragmented fish populations
Authors: Young Emma F. , Tysklind Niklas , Meredith Michael P. , de Bruyn Mark , Belchier Mark , Murphy Eugene J. , Carvalho Gary R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the marine environment, understanding the biophysical mechanisms that drive variability in larval dispersal and population connectivity is essential for estimating the potential impacts of climate change on the resilience and genetic structure of populations. Species whose populations are small, isolated and discontinuous in distribution will differ fundamentally in their response and resilience to environmental stress, compared with species that are broadly distributed, abundant and frequently exchange conspecifics. Here, we use an individual‐based modelling approach, combined with a population genetics projection model, to consider the impacts of a warming climate on the population connectivity of two contrasting Antarctic fish species, Notothenia rossii and Champsocephalus gunnari. Focussing on the Scotia Sea region, sea surface temperatures are predicted to increase significantly by the end of the 21st century, resulting in reduced planktonic duration and increased egg and larval mortality. With shorter planktonic durations, the results of our study predict reduced dispersal of both species across the Scotia Sea, from Antarctic Peninsula sites to islands in the north and east, and increased dispersal among neighbouring sites, such as around the Antarctic Peninsula. Increased mortality modified the magnitude of population connectivity but had little effect on the overall patterns. Whilst the predicted changes in connectivity had little impact on the projected regional population genetic structure of N. rossii, which remained broadly genetically homogeneous within distances of ~1,500 km, the genetic isolation of C. gunnari populations in the northern Scotia Sea was predicted to increase with rising sea temperatures. Our study highlights the potential for increased isolation of island populations in a warming world, with implications for the resilience of populations and their ability to adapt to ongoing environmental change, a matter of high relevance to fisheries and ecosystem‐level management.
Epidemiology of fractures: The role of kick injuries in equine fractures
Authors: Donati B. , Fürst A. E. , Hässig M. , Jackson M. A. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundFractures occur commonly in equids and often are associated with complications and a poor outcome. There are no reports on the epidemiology of fractures in a heterogeneous equine population.ObjectivesTo study the epidemiology of fractures in a heterogeneous equine population, focusing on differences between fractures resulting from a kick and fractures, resulting from other causes and investigating predictors for recovery.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsData of all equids presented to the Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich between 1990 and 2014 and diagnosed with a fracture were reviewed and those with a known cause were included in this study. Mann–Whitney and chi‐squared tests were used to compare recovery rates of fractures resulting from a kick and fractures resulting from other causes, and a logistic regression was carried out for multivariate analysis of the most important factors affecting recovery.ResultsHere, 1144 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of all fractures (with a known cause), 43.6% were the result of a kick from another equid. Kicks often produced open fractures (44.7%) that involved bones of the limbs (85.6%). Overall recovery was 70.1%. Logistic regression showed that high‐grade lameness accompanying the fracture and severe comminution negatively affected recovery.Main limitationsThe equids in this study were drawn from a referred population, which likely precluded the inclusion of both minor fractures and catastrophic fractures that necessitated immediate euthanasia. Moreover, many cases were excluded because the cause of the fracture could not be determined from the patient record.ConclusionsKicks are the most common cause of fractures in a heterogeneous equine population and measures to reduce the incidence of kicks are necessary in group‐housing systems.
Ratcheting in pressurized pipes and equipment: A review on affecting parameters, modelling, safety codes, and challenges
Authors: Varvani‐Farahani A. , Nayebi A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe current study has attempted to comprehensively review ratcheting response of materials involving various influential parameters such as loading spectra, thermal cycles, stress levels, stress raisers, strain rate, and visco‐plasticity and material types with a focus on pressurized pipes and equipment. The mechanism of deformation, types, and the rate of progress over stages of ratcheting were discussed. Safety design codes and procedures were highlighted for reliable design of pressurized pipes against progressive ratcheting and to safeguard the system against catastrophic failure at which both mechanical and thermal ratcheting were integrated. Boundaries and demarcation of ratcheting‐shakedown zones developed based on Bree's diagram were employed to assess plastic deformation accumulation over stress cycles. Shakedown and ratcheting boundaries were discussed through methods developed on the basis of Melan's theorem over last few decades. Ratcheting response of materials was reviewed through descriptions of parametric models and kinematic hardening rules involving various variables and parameters. Interaction of ratcheting with creep and low‐cycle fatigue has promoted progressive damage in materials. Pressurized pipes subjected to thermal cycles and external bending cycles were evaluated by numerical solutions along with kinematic hardening rules to assess ratcheting over stress cycles.
Optical, spectroscopic, and thermo‐optical properties of Nd2O3‐doped CaBAl glasses
Authors: Dias Julieth D. M. , Melo Glauco H. A. , Paz Edson C. , Lodi Thiago A. , Barboza Marcio J. , Steimacher Alysson , Pedrochi Franciana 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Nd3+‐doped CaO‐Al2O–B2O3‐CaF2 glasses were prepared by melt‐quenching technique and their optical, spectroscopic, and thermo‐optical properties were studied. The density and refractive index showed an increase with addition of Nd2O3 at the expense of CaO. The electronic polarizability increases with Nd2O3 concentration due to the increase in NBO. The absorption spectra present characteristic bands of Nd3+ transitions from the ground state 4I9/2 to the various excited states. The luminescence spectra show Nd3+ emission at ~880 nm (4F3/2 → 4 I9/2) and ~1064 nm (4F3/2 → 4 I11/2), which increases with Nd2O3 up to 3 wt%. The experimental lifetime decreases when Nd2O3 content increases, mainly due to the nonradiative processes of direct energy transfer between Nd3+ ions (cross relaxation). Results of thermal coefficient of optical path length (dS/dT) for the CaBAl glasses did not present significant changes with Nd2O3 concentration. These with values are comparable to the Fused Silica, and lower than the values measured for the CAS and LSCAS glasses. The results point out this glass system as a good candidate to be used in the development of photonics devices.
ABO and Rh blood group genotypes in a cohort of Saudi stem cell donors
Authors: Alzahrani M. , Jawdat D. , Alaskar A. , Cereb N. , Hajeer A. H. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens are the most frequently studied genetic markers in a large group of people. Blood type frequencies vary in different racial/ethnic groups. Our objective was to investigate the distribution of the ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood groups by molecular typing method in a population of Saudi stem cell donors. Our data indicate that the most common blood group in our population is group O followed by group A then group B, and finally, the least common is group AB.
A comprehensive sintering mechanism for thermal barrier coatings‐Part III: Substrate constraint effect on healing of 2D pores
Authors: Li Guangrong , Yang Guanjun , Li Chengxin , Li Changjiu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDuring thermal exposure, the sintering of the plasma‐sprayed thermal barrier coatings (PS‐TBCs) is highly dependent on the healing of the two‐dimensional (2D) pores (including the inter‐splat pores and the intra‐splat cracks), as reported in the previous Part‐I and Part‐II based on free‐standing coatings. As a further study, this part aims to reveal the effect of substrate constraint on healing behavior of the 2D pores, since the coatings are actually bonded to superalloy substrate during real service. The healing of the 2D pores was quantitatively examined, and the multiscale mechanical properties were determined during the overall thermal exposure. In addition, a structure model was used to quantitatively correlate the evolution of 2D pores with mechanical property. The results of experiments and model prediction show that, different from the two‐stage evolutionary trends in free‐standing coatings, the overall evolution trends of microstructure and property can be divided into 3 stages affected by the substrate constraint. Moreover, the anisotropic healing of the 2D pores reported in free‐standing coatings was enhanced significantly due to the additional stress in coatings resulting from constraint of substrate. This means that the healing of inter‐splat pores became faster and severer. Given that, an outlook on structural tailoring to retard the performance degradation of TBCs was proposed.
The five‐factor model of personality, work stress and professional quality of life in neonatal intensive care unit nurses
Authors: Barr Peter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsThe study aim was to determine the direct and indirect relations of the five‐factor model of personality traits and work stress with professional quality of life in neonatal nurses.BackgroundNeonatal intensive care nursing has positive and negative effects on neonatal nurses’ psychological well‐being. Although individual and situational factors interact to influence professional quality of life, there have been few studies of these relationships in neonatal nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional study conducted in 2016.MethodsSelf‐report questionnaires were used to measure professional quality of life (burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction), five‐factor model of personality traits (neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness and openness) and work stress (role ambiguity, role conflict and role overload).ResultsOne hundred and forty (34%) of 405 eligible neonatal nurses provided the data. After controlling for work stress, neuroticism and agreeableness were related to burnout, neuroticism was related to secondary traumatic stress, and extraversion was related to compassion satisfaction. Work stress controlled for personality traits was related to burnout and secondary traumatic stress, but not to compassion satisfaction. Neuroticism moderated the effect of work stress on secondary traumatic stress and agreeableness and openness moderated the effect of work stress on compassion satisfaction. Work stress mediated the effect of neuroticism and extraversion on burnout and the effects of extraversion and conscientiousness on compassion satisfaction.ConclusionStrategies to reduce work stress may not lessen burnout and secondary traumatic stress or increase compassion satisfaction in neonatal nurses who are prone to high neuroticism, low agreeableness and low extraversion.
Obesity is associated with incident atrial fibrillation independent of gender: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Asad Zain , Abbas Mubasher , Javed Isma , Korantzopoulos Panagiotis , Stavrakis Stavros 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of obesity is increasing among the general population. Obesity is associated with increased risk of several cardiovascular conditions, which in turn may increase the risk for atrial fibrillation (AF). We performed a meta‐analysis of cohort studies that examined the effect of obesity on the incidence of AF. In addition, we examined the effect of obesity on the incidence of AF stratified by gender.Methods and resultsWe searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for studies evaluating the effect of obesity on AF. Pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. Sixteen trials involving 587,372 subjects were included in the analysis. Obesity was defined as body mass index >30 kg/m2. AF during follow‐up developed in 5,751 of 91,031 (6.3%) obese subjects and in 15,346 of 496,341 (3.1%) nonobese subjects (RR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.68; P < 0.00001). Based on the pooled estimate across the studies, the effect of obesity on incident AF was similar in men (RR = 1.41, 95% 1.24 to 1.62; P < 0.00001) and women (RR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.97; P < 0.00001).ConclusionObesity is associated with an increased risk of new‐onset AF in susceptible individuals. This effect appears to be consistent in both genders. Further studies are warranted to examine the impact of weight loss interventions on the risk of developing AF.
Retracted: S100A9 gene silencing inhibits the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by blocking the IL‐17 signalling pathway in mice with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wu Dong‐Mei , Wang Shan , Shen Min , Wang Yong‐Jian , Zhang Bo , Wu Zi‐Qi , Lu Jun , Zheng Yuan‐Lin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate whether S100A9 gene silencing mediating the IL‐17 pathway affected the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in acute pancreatitis (AP). Kunming mice were assigned to the normal, AP, AP + negative control (NC), AP + shRNA, AP + IgG and AP + anti IL‐17 groups. ELISA was applied to measure expressions of AMY, LDH, CRP, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐8. The cells were distributed into the control, blank, NC, shRNA1 and shRNA2 groups. MTT assay, flow cytometry, RT‐qPCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis, and expressions of S100A9, TLR4, RAGE, IL‐17, HMGB1 and S100A12 in tissues and cells. Compared with the normal group, the AP group displayed increased expressions of AMY, LDH, CRP, TNFα, IL‐6, IL‐8, S100A9, TLR4, RAGE, IL‐17, HMGB1 and S100A12. The AP + shRNA and AP + anti IL‐17 groups exhibited an opposite trend. The in vivo results: Compare with the control group, the blank, NC, shRNA1 and shRNA2 groups demonstrated increased expressions of S100A9, TLR4, RAGE, IL‐17, HMGB1 and S100A12, as well as cell apoptosis and cells at the G1 phase, with reduced proliferation. Compared with the blank and NC groups, the shRNA1 and shRNA2 groups had declined expressions of S100A9, TLR4, RAGE, IL‐17, HMGB1 and S100A12, as well as cell apoptosis and cells at the G1 phase, with elevated proliferation. The results indicated that S100A9 gene silencing suppressed the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines through blocking of the IL‐17 pathway in AP.
Human expression patterns: qualitative and quantitative analysis of thrombospondin‐1 under physiological and pathological conditions
Authors: Zhao Chen , Isenberg Jeffrey S. , Popel Aleksander S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1), a matricellular protein and one of the first endogenous anti‐angiogenic molecules identified, has long been considered a potent modulator of human diseases. While the therapeutic effect of TSP‐1 to suppress cancer was investigated in both research and clinical settings, the mechanisms of how TSP‐1 is regulated in cancer remain elusive, and the scientific answers to the question of whether TSP‐1 expressions can be utilized as diagnostic or prognostic marker for patients with cancer are largely inconsistent. Moreover, TSP‐1 plays crucial functions in angiogenesis, inflammation and tissue remodelling, which are essential biological processes in the progression of many cardiovascular diseases, and therefore, its dysregulated expressions in such conditions may have therapeutic significance. Herein, we critically analysed the literature pertaining to TSP‐1 expression in circulating blood and pathological tissues in various types of cancer as well as cardiovascular and inflammation‐related diseases in humans. We compare the secretion rates of TSP‐1 by different cancer and non‐cancer cells and discuss the potential connection between the expression changes of TSP‐1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) observed in patients with cancer. Moreover, the pattern and emerging significance of TSP‐1 profiles in cardiovascular disease, such as peripheral arterial disease, diabetes and other related non‐cancer disorders, are highlighted. The analysis of published TSP‐1 data presented in this review may have implications for the future exploration of novel TSP‐1‐based treatment strategies for cancer and cardiovascular‐related diseases.
The efficacy and safety of non‐pharmacological therapies for the treatment of acne vulgaris: A systematic review and best‐evidence synthesis
Authors: de Vries F.M.C. , Meulendijks A.M. , Driessen R.J.B. , van Dooren A.A. , Tjin E.P.M. , van de Kerkhof P.C.M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a multifaceted skin disorder, affecting more than 85% of young individuals worldwide. Pharmacological therapy is not always desirable because of the development of antibiotic resistance or the potential risk of adverse effects. Non‐pharmacological therapies can be viable alternatives for conventional therapies. However, sufficient evidence‐based support in the efficacy and safety of non‐pharmacological therapies is lacking.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of several non‐pharmacological therapies in the treatment of acne vulgaris.MethodsA systematic literature review, including a best‐evidence synthesis, was performed to identify literature. Three electronic databases were accessed and searched for studies published between January 2000 and May 2017.ResultsThirty‐three eligible studies were included in our systematic review. Three main types of non‐pharmacological therapies were identified laser‐ and light‐based therapies, chemical peels and fractional microneedling radiofrequency. The majority of the included studies demonstrated a significant reduction in acne lesions. However, only seven studies had a high methodologic quality. Based on these seven trials, a best‐evidence synthesis was conducted. Strong evidence was found for glycolic acid (10–40%). Moderate evidence was found for amino fruit acid (20–60%), intense pulsed light (400–700 and 870–1200 nm) and the diode laser (1450 nm). Initially, conflicting evidence was found for pulsed dye laser (585–595 nm). The most frequently reported side‐effects for non‐pharmacological therapies included erythema, tolerable pain, purpura, oedema and a few cases of hyperpigmentation, which were in most cases mild and transient.ConclusionCircumstantial evidence was found for non‐pharmacological therapies in the treatment of acne vulgaris. However, the lack of high methodological quality among included studies prevented us to draw clear conclusions, regarding a stepwise approach. Nevertheless, our systematic review including a best‐evidence synthesis did create order and structure in resulting outcomes in which a first step towards future research is generated.
A biomechanical analysis of prognathous and orthognathous insect head capsules: evidence for a many‐to‐one mapping of form to function
Authors: Blanke A. , Pinheiro M. , Watson P. J. , Fagan M. J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInsect head shapes are remarkably variable, but the influences of these changes on biomechanical performance are unclear. Among ‘basal’ winged insects, such as dragonflies, mayflies, earwigs and stoneflies, some of the most prominent anatomical changes are the general mouthpart orientation, eye size and the connection of the endoskeleton to the head. Here, we assess these variations as well as differing ridge and sclerite configurations using modern engineering methods including multibody dynamics modelling and finite element analysis in order to quantify and compare the influence of anatomical changes on strain in particular head regions and the whole head. We show that a range of peculiar structures such as the genal/subgenal, epistomal and circumocular areas are consistently highly loaded in all species, despite drastically differing morphologies in species with forward‐projecting (prognathous) and downward‐projecting (orthognathous) mouthparts. Sensitivity analyses show that the presence of eyes has a negligible influence on head capsule strain if a circumocular ridge is present. In contrast, the connection of the dorsal endoskeletal arms to the head capsule especially affects overall head loading in species with downward‐projecting mouthparts. Analysis of the relative strains between species for each head region reveals that concerted changes in head substructures such as the subgenal area, the endoskeleton and the epistomal area lead to a consistent relative loading for the whole head capsule and vulnerable structures such as the eyes. It appears that biting‐chewing loads are managed by a system of strengthening ridges on the head capsule irrespective of the general mouthpart and head orientation. Concerted changes in ridge and endoskeleton configuration might allow for more radical anatomical changes such as the general mouthpart orientation, which could be an explanation for the variability of this trait among insects. In an evolutionary context, many‐to‐one mapping of strain patterns onto a relatively similar overall head loading indeed could have fostered the dynamic diversification processes seen in insects.
Diverse Legionella‐Like Bacteria Associated with Testate Amoebae of the Genus Arcella (Arcellinida: Amoebozoa)
Authors: Gomaa Fatma , Gersh Maxim , Cavanaugh Colleen M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDiverse species of Legionella and Legionella‐like amoebal pathogens (LLAPs) have been identified as intracellular bacteria in many amoeboid protists. There are, however, other amoeboid groups such as testate amoeba for which we know little about their potential to host such bacteria. In this study, we assessed the occurrence and diversity of Legionella spp. in cultures and environmental isolates of freshwater arcellinid testate amoebae species, Arcella hemispherica, Arcella intermedia, and Arcella vulgaris, via 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that A. hemispherica, A. intermedia, and A. vulgaris host Legionella‐like bacteria with 94–98% identity to other Legionella spp. based on NCBI BLAST search. Phylogenetic analysis placed Legionella‐like Arcella‐associated bacteria (LLAB) in three different clusters within a tree containing all other members of Legionella and LLAPs. The intracellular localization of the Legionella within Arcella hosts was confirmed using FISH with a Legionella‐specific probe. This study demonstrates that the host range of Legionella and Legionella‐like bacteria in the Amoebozoa extends beyond members of “naked” amoebae species, with members of the testate amoebae potentially serving an ecological role in the dispersal, protection, and replication of Legionella spp. in natural environments.