bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of Gene Expression in Euglena gracilis Obtained During the 29th DLR Parabolic Flight Campaign
Authors: Krüger Julia , Richter Peter , Stoltze Julia , Strauch Sebastian M. , Krüger Marcus , Daiker Viktor , Prasad Binod , Sonnewald Sophia , Reid Stephen , Lebert Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractParabolic flight maneuvers of Novespace’s Airbus A310 ZERO-G produce subsequent phases of hypergravity (about 20 s), microgravity (about 22 s) and another 20 s hypergravity on experiments located in the experiment area of the aircraft. The 29thDLR parabolic flight campaign consisted of four consecutive flight days with thirty-one parabolas each day.Euglena graciliscells were fixed with TRIzol during different acceleration conditions at the first and the last parabola of each flight. Samples were collected and analyzed with microarrays for one-color gene expression analysis. The data indicate significant changes in gene expression inE.graciliswithin short time. Hierarchical clustering shows that changes induced by the different accelerations yield reproducible effects at independent flight days. Transcription differed between the first and last parabolas indicating adaptation effects in the course of the flight. Different gene groups were found to be affected in different phases of the parabolic flight, among others, genes involved in signal transduction, calcium signaling, transport mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and stress-response as well as membrane and cytoskeletal proteins. In addition, transcripts of other areas, e.g., DNA and protein modification, were altered. The study contributes to the understanding of short-term effects of microgravity and different accelerations on cells at a molecular level.
Transcriptome Sequencing of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Elite Controller-Long Term Non Progressors
Authors: Díez-Fuertes Francisco , De La Torre-Tarazona Humberto Erick , Calonge Esther , Pernas Maria , Alonso-Socas María del Mar , Capa Laura , García-Pérez Javier , Sakuntabhai Anavaj , Alcamí José 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe elite controller (EC)-long term non-progressor (LTNP) phenotype represent a spontaneous and advantageous model of HIV-1 control in the absence of therapy. The transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from EC-LTNPs was sequenced by RNA-Seq and compared with the transcriptomes from other phenotypes of disease progression. The transcript abundance estimation combined with the use of supervised classification algorithms allowed the selection of 20 genes and pseudogenes, mainly involved in interferon-regulated antiviral mechanisms and cell machineries of transcription and translation, as the best predictive genes of disease progression. Differential expression analyses between phenotypes showed an altered calcium homeostasis in EC-LTNPs evidenced by the upregulation of several membrane receptors implicated in calcium-signaling cascades and intracellular calcium-mobilization and by the overrepresentation of NFAT1/Elk-1-binding sites in the promoters of the genes differentially expressed in these individuals. A coordinated upregulation of host genes associated with HIV-1 reverse transcription and viral transcription was also observed in EC-LTNPs –i.e. p21/CDKN1A, TNF, IER3 and GADD45B. We also found an upregulation of ANKRD54 in EC-LTNPs and viremic LTNPs in comparison with typical progressors and a clear alteration of type-I interferon signaling as a consequence of viremia in typical progressors before and after receiving antiretroviral therapy.
Otoferlin Depletion Results in Abnormal Synaptic Ribbons and Altered Intracellular Calcium Levels in Zebrafish
Authors: Manchanda Aayushi , Chatterjee Paroma , Bonventre Josephine A. , Haggard Derik E. , Kindt Katie S. , Tanguay Robert L. , Johnson Colin P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe protein otoferlin plays an essential role at the sensory hair cell synapse. Mutations in otoferlin result in deafness and depending on the species, mild to strong vestibular deficits. While studies in mouse models suggest a role for otoferlin in synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis, it is unclear whether these functions are conserved across species. To address this question, we characterized the impact of otoferlin depletion in zebrafish larvae and found defects in synaptic vesicle recycling, abnormal synaptic ribbons, and higher resting calcium concentrations in hair cells. We also observed abnormal expression of the calcium binding hair cell genes s100s and parvalbumin, as well as the nogo related proteins rtn4rl2a and rtn4rl2b. Exogenous otoferlin partially restored expression of genes affected by endogenous otoferlin depletion. Our results suggest that in addition to vesicle recycling, depletion of otoferlin disrupts resting calcium levels, alters synaptic ribbon architecture, and perturbs transcription of hair cells specific genes during zebrafish development.
Antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective properties of alkali- and enzyme-extractable polysaccharides by Dictyophora indusiata
Authors: Wang Wenshuai , Liu Honghong , Zhang Yiwen , Feng Yanbo , Yuan Fangfang , Song Xinling , Gao Zheng , Zhang Jianjun , Song Zhen , Jia Le 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHyperlipidemia, a very common disease throughout the world, usually gives rise to severe liver damages. The current experiment was to investigate the antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective properties of alkali- and enzyme-extractable Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharides (Al-DPS and En-DPS) on the hyperlipidemic mice. The results of animal experiment in vivo showed that treatment with Al-DPS or En-DPS could improve the excessive level of lipid profiles in serum and liver, as well as strengthen antioxidant status. In addition, the histopathological observations of liver testified that polysaccharides were capable of attenuating hepatic cell injury. The primary structural features of Al-DPS and En-DPS were demonstrated by HPGPC, HPLC, FT-IR and NMR. Glucose tolerance test manifested that polysaccharides were able to restrain the rise of blood sugar. The results indicated that Al-DPS and En-DPS may be considered as novel compounds to treat hyperlipidemia and also act as hepatoprotective agents.
Topography and behavioral relevance of the global signal in the human brain
Authors: Li Jingwei , Bolt Taylor , Bzdok Danilo , Nomi Jason S. , Yeo B. T. Thomas , Spreng R. Nathan , Uddin Lucina Q. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe global signal in resting-state functional MRI data is considered to be dominated by physiological noise and artifacts, yet a growing literature suggests that it also carries information about widespread neural activity. The biological relevance of the global signal remains poorly understood. Applying principal component analysis to a large neuroimaging dataset, we found that individual variation in global signal topography recapitulates well-established patterns of large-scale functional brain networks. Using canonical correlation analysis, we delineated relationships between individual differences in global signal topography and a battery of phenotypes. The first canonical variate of the global signal, resembling the frontoparietal control network, was significantly related to an axis of positive and negative life outcomes and psychological function. These results suggest that the global signal contains a rich source of information related to trait-level cognition and behavior. This work has significant implications for the contentious debate over artifact removal practices in neuroimaging.
Toll-like receptor 3 as a new marker to detect high risk early stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer patients
Authors: Bianchi Francesca , Milione Massimo , Casalini Patrizia , Centonze Giovanni , Le Noci Valentino M. , Storti Chiara , Alexiadis Spyridon , Truini Mauro , Sozzi Gabriella , Pastorino Ugo , Balsari Andrea , Tagliabue Elda , Sfondrini Lucia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImmune and epithelial cells express TLR3, a receptor deputed to respond to microbial signals activating the immune response. The prognostic value of TLR3 in cancer is debated and no data are currently available in NSCLC, for which therapeutic approaches that target the immune system are providing encouraging results. Dissecting the lung immune microenvironment could provide new prognostic markers, especially for early stage NSCLC for which surgery is the only treatment option. In this study we investigated the expression and the prognostic value of TLR3 on both tumor and immune compartments of stage I NSCLCs. In a cohort of 194 NSCLC stage I, TLR3 immunohistochemistry expression on tumor cells predicted a favorable outcome of early stage NSCLC, whereas on the immune cells infiltrating the tumor stroma, TLR3 expression associated with a poor overall survival. Patients with TLR3-positive immune infiltrating cells, but not tumor cells showed a worse prognosis compared with all other patients. The majority of TLR3-expressing immune cells resulted to be macrophages and TLR3 expression associates with PD-1 expression. TLR3 has an opposite prognostic significance when expressed on tumor or immune cells in early stage NCSCL. Analysis of TLR3 in tumor and immune cells can help in identifying high risk stage I patients for which adjuvant treatment would be beneficial.
Investigation of the Guinea fowl and domestic fowl hybrids as potential surrogate hosts for avian cryopreservation programmes
Authors: Molnár Mariann , Lázár Bence , Sztán Nikoletta , Végi Barbara , Drobnyák Árpád , Tóth Roland , Liptói Krisztina , Marosán Miklós , Gócza Elen , Nandi Sunil , McGrew Michael J. , Várkonyi Eszter Patakiné 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the last decade, avian gene preservation research has focused on the use of the early precursors of the reproductive cells, the primordial germ cells (PGCs). This is because avian PGCs have a unique migration route through the vascular system which offers easy accessibility. Furthermore, culturing of the cells in vitro, freezing/thawing, reintegration into a recipient embryo and the development of the germ cells can be carried out in well-defined laboratory circumstances. The efficient recovery of the donor genotype and the frequency of germline transmission from the surrogate host animals are still areas which need further development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate an infertile interspecific hybrid (recipient) as an appropriate host for primordial germ cells from native poultry breeds. Guinea fowl × chicken hybrids were produced, the crossing was repeated inversely. The phenotype, the hatching time, the hatching rate, the sex ratio, the presence of own germ cells, the fertility and the phenotype of viable hybrids and the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities of dead hybrid embryos were described. 6.65% viable offspring was obtained with crossing of Guinea fowl females with domestic fowl males. Crossing of domestic fowl hens with Guinea fowl male resulted in lower fertility, 0.14% viable offspring. Based on the investigations, the observed offspring from the successful crossing were sterile male hybrids, thus an extreme form of Haldane’s rule was manifested. The sterile hybrid male embryos were tested by injecting fluorescently labeled chicken PGCs. The integration rate of labeled PGCs was measured in 7.5-day, 14.5-day and 18.5-day old embryonic gonads. 50%, 5.3% and 2.4% of the injected hybrid embryos survived and 40%, 5.3% and 2.4% of the examined gonads contained fluorescent labeled donor PGCs. Therefore, these sterile hybrid males may be suitable recipients for male PGCs and possibly for female PGCs although with lower efficiency. This research work shows that the sterility of hybrids can be used in gene conservation to be a universal host for PGCs of different avian species.
Green Synthesis of Substituted Anilines and Quinazolines from Isatoic Anhydride-8-amide
Authors: Gondi Sudershan R. , Bera Asim K. , Westover Kenneth D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSynthetic methods used to generate substituted anilines and quinazolines, both privileged pharmacological structures, are cumbersome, hazardous or, in some cases, unavailable. We developed a straightforward method for making isatoic anhydride-8-amide from isatin-7-carboxylic acid as a tool to easily produce a range of quinazoline and substituted aniline derivatives using adaptable pH-sensitive cyclization chemistry. The approaches are inexpensive, simple, fast, efficient at room temperature and scalable, enabling the synthesis of both established and new quinazolines and also highly substituted anilines including cyano derivatives.
Microscopic Characterization of Biological and Inert Particles Associated with Spacecraft Assembly Cleanroom
Authors: Malli Mohan Ganesh Babu , Stricker Moogega Cooper , Venkateswaran Kasthuri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNASA cleanrooms are certified by particle counts and are humidity-controlled, temperature-regulated, and oligotrophic in nature for assembling spacecraft subsystems. Microorganisms, which are not part of the cleanroom certification metrics, should not be overlooked when assessing the cleanliness of the facility since they can enter through soil or air, shed from humans, adapt to the oligotrophic conditions, and subsequently could contaminate spacecraft. These biogenic particles need to be identified to extend our knowledge of biological contamination for future NASA mission use. This study collected particles from the cleanroom and estimated the distribution of fallout microbial cell and inert dust particles using microscopy and molecular techniques. Aluminum coupon-based polycarbonate filter assemblies were deployed in the spacecraft assembly cleanroom facility to collect fallout particles. Epifluorescence and electron microscopy showed that particles varied in size and structure, and displayed live/dead biological and inert particle signatures from sources that include spores and fungal hyphae. Additionally, correlative epifluorescence and field emission scanning electron microscopy, combined with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (for elemental compositions) methods, differentiated whether microbes adhering to particles were live/dead cells or inert particles. This visualization approach allowed for the classification of microorganisms as being standalone (free-living) or associated with a particle, as well as its characteristic size. Furthermore, time-course microscopy was used to determine the microbial cell growth and confirm the biological/molecular identification. Routine investigation of cleanroom biological and inert fallout particles will help to determine the biological load of spacecraft components and will also have direct relevance to the pharmaceutical and medical industries. One of the main objectives for NASA’s current and future missions is to prevent forward and back contamination of exploring planets. The goal of this study is to determine the association of microorganisms with the inert, natural cleanroom fallout particles and to ascertain whether microorganisms prefer to adhere to a particle size. A novel microscopy technique was developed, and by utilizing various molecular techniques, particles and associated microbial phylogeny were characterized. An accurate assessment of the microbes associated with cleanroom particles is necessary to protect the health of the people who occupy the room for long duration for aeronautical, medical, and pharmaceutical industries.
Interaction of tumor cells and astrocytes promotes breast cancer brain metastases through TGF-β2/ANGPTL4 axes
Authors: Gong Xianghui , Hou Zhimin , Endsley Michael P. , Gronseth Emily I. , Rarick Kevin R. , Jorns Julie M. , Yang Qiuhui , Du Zhenggui , Yan Ke , Bordas Michelle L. , Gershan Jill , Deepak Parashar , Geethadevi Anjali , Chaluvally-Raghavan Pradeep , Fan Yubo , Harder David R. , Ramchandran Ramani , Wang Ling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMetastatic outcomes depend on the interactions of metastatic cells with a specific organ microenvironment. Our previous studies have shown that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells passaged in astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) show proclivity to form brain metastases, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. The combination of microarray analysis, qPCR, and ELISA assay were carried out to demonstrate the ACM-induced expression of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in TNBC cells. A stable ANGPTL4-knockdown MDA-MB-231 cell line was generated by ANGPTL4 short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) and inoculated into mice via left ventricular injection to evaluate the role of ANGPTL4 in brain metastasis formation. The approaches of siRNA, neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors, and immunoprecipitation were used to demonstrate the involved signaling molecules. We first found that ACM-conditioned TNBC cells upregulated the expression of ANGPTL4, a secreted glycoprotein whose effect on tumor progression is known to be tumor microenvironment- and tumor-type dependent. Knockdown of ANGPTL4 in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells with shRNA decreased ACM-induced tumor cell metastatic growth in the brain and attributed to survival in a mouse model. Furthermore, we identified that astrocytes produced transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), which in part is responsible for upregulation of ANGPTL4 expression in TNBC through induction of SMAD signaling. Moreover, we identified that tumor cells communicate with astrocytes, where tumor cell-derived interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) increased the expression of TGF-β2 in astrocytes. Collectively, these findings indicate that the invading TNBC cells interact with astrocytes in the brain microenvironment that facilitates brain metastases of TNBC cells through a TGF-β2/ANGPTL4 axis. This provides groundwork to target ANGPTL4 as a treatment for breast cancer brain metastases.
Environmental distribution of the neurotoxin l-BMAA in Paenibacillus species
Authors: Nunn Peter B. , Codd Geoffrey A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The environmental distribution of the neurotoxic amino acid, 3-N-methyl-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (BMAA), first isolated in 1967, was initially believed to be limited to tropical and subtropical plants of the genus Cycas. The seeds of one such species, which had been used historically on the Pacific island of Guam as a foodstuff, had a reputation for neurotoxicity. Some 40 years later the amino acid was detected in terrestrial and aquatic cyanobacteria and in other aquatic organisms. Overlooked was the discovery of BMAA in peptides of bizarre structure that had been isolated in 1975 from Paenibacillus pulvifaciens during a search for antibiotics. More recently (2014), peptides of similar structure were isolated from Paenibacillus larvae; this organism is causative of American Foulbrood, a lethal disease of honeybee colonies. These are interesting chemical and environmental observations, but knowledge of the bacterial distribution of BMAA is limited to just these two species of Paenibacillus, while more than 200 Paenibacillus spp. are known. Paenibacillus spp. are ever present naturally in the environment and are used agriculturally; recent research reports that some species infect human foods – including cow's milk – and have been isolated from human body fluids. We wish to stimulate interest in the environmental distribution of the neurotoxic BMAA in Paenibacillus spp. by drawing together previously isolated streams of research and by proposing experimental approaches by which this matter might be resolved.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Acetylcysteine in paracetamol poisoning: a perspective of 45 years of use”’ by M. E. Mullins, M. C. Yarema, M. L. A. Sivilotti, M. Thompson, D. A. Algren, M. C. Beuhler and C. P. Holstege, Toxicol. Res., 2019, 8, DOI: 10.1039/C9TX00158A
Authors: Bateman D. Nicholas , Dear James W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mullins et al. made a comment on our article (DOI: ; 10.1039/C9TX00002J) stating they noticed the omission of the one-bag, standard concentration protocol which is shared by several centers in North America when we discussed IV acetylcysteine protocols. In this reply we clarify that we did not include this methodology as it is a technical adaption of the way in which a 2-bag NAC regimen in administered and there is insufficient comparative data with other regimens.
The fate of planetary cores in giant and ice-giant planets
Authors: Mazevet S. , Musella R. , Guyot F. 
Published: October 2019

Context. The Juno probe that currently orbits Jupiter measures its gravitational moments with great accuracy. Preliminary results suggest that the core of the planet may be eroded. While great attention has been paid to the material properties of elements constituting the envelope, little is known about those that constitute the core. This situation clutters our interpretation the Juno data and modeling of giant planets and exoplanets in general.
Aims. We calculate the high-pressure melting temperatures of three potential components of the cores of giant planets, water, iron, and a simple silicate, MgSiO3, to investigate the state of the deep inner core.
Methods. We used ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the high-pressure melting temperatures of the three potential core components. The planetary adiabats were obtained by solving the hydrostatic equations in a three-layer model adjusted to reproduce the measured gravitational moments. Recently developed ab initio equations of state were used for the envelope and the core.
Results. We find that the cores of the giant and ice-giant planets of the solar system differ because the pressure–temperature conditions encountered in each object correspond to different regions of the phase diagrams. For Jupiter and Saturn, the results are compatible with a diffuse core and mixing of a significant fraction of metallic elements in the envelope, leading to a convective and/or a double-diffusion regime. We also find that their solid cores vary in nature and size throughout the lifetimes of these planets. The solid cores of the two giant planets are not primordial and nucleate and grow as the planets cool. We estimate that the solid core of Jupiter is 3 Gyr old and that of Saturn is 1.5 Gyr old. The situation is less extreme for Uranus and Neptune, whose cores are only partially melted.
Conclusions. To model Jupiter, the time evolution of the interior structure of the giant planets and exoplanets in general, their luminosity, and the evolution of the tidal effects over their lifetimes, the core should be considered as crystallizing and growing rather than gradually mixing into the envelope due to the solubility of its components.