bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum plant density of Digitaria eriantha for herbage accumulation and hydrological performance in a summer dominant rainfall zone
Authors: Boschma Suzanne P. , Murphy Sean R. , Harden Steven 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the frost‐prone, summer dominant rainfall zone of northern NSW and southern Queensland, sown tropical grass pastures commonly establish with plant densities >26 plants per m2, yet the optimum density for maximum herbage accumulation and hydrological performance is not known. A replicated, field study was established in northern NSW in November 2011, using five densities of Digitaria eriantha (digit grass): 0, 1, 4, 9 and 16 plants per m2 and a range of agronomic and hydrologic measures was assessed. The results showed that the largest differences between plant densities in herbage accumulation, root depth, soil water extraction and rainfall refill efficiency occurred during the first 2 years; after this time, digit grass pastures with densities of ≥4 plants per m2 responded similarly. Plant frequency increased with increasing plant density but the treatments did not converge. During the first two growing seasons, there was no effect of plant density on water use efficiency; however, by the third growing season, pastures with 4 plants per m2 were the most water efficient. Overall, the results indicated that 1 plant per m2 was too low to efficiently use resources, 16 plants per m2 utilized the resources quickly then tended to stall, while 4–9 plants per m2 was a good compromise between agronomic and hydrological response, achieving both herbage accumulation and sustainability goals. A practical management advantage of pastures with 4–9 plants per m2 is they allow soil water resources to be available for a longer period of time and potentially provide the opportunity to establish legumes in the ensuing 24‐month period.
Association between sarcopenia and sleep disorder in older patients with diabetes
Authors: Ida Satoshi , Kaneko Ryutaro , Nagata Hiroaki , Noguchi Yoshinori , Araki Yasuha , Nakai Mari , Ito Sho , Ishihara Yuki , Imataka Kanako , Murata Kazuya 
Published: February 2019

AimIn the present study, we aimed to examine the association between sarcopenia and sleep disorder in older patients with diabetes using the Japanese version of SARC‐F (SARC‐F‐J).MethodsOutpatients with diabetes (aged ≥65 years) at the Ise Red Cross Hospital were included in the present study. We used the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which is a self‐administered questionnaire, to measure sleep disorder. To evaluate sarcopenia, we used SARC‐F‐J, a self‐administered questionnaire, comprising five items. For multiple logistic regression analysis, the dependent variable was sleep disorder and the explanatory variable was sarcopenia, and these were used for calculating the odds ratios of sarcopenia with regard to sleep disorder.ResultsIn total, 318 patients were included in this study (189 men and 129 women). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 22.5% and that of sleep disorder was 44.8%. Adjusted odds ratios of sarcopenia and sleep disorder were 6.04 in men (95% CI 1.71–21.36, P = 0.005) and 6.33 in women (95% CI 1.91–20.97, P = 0.003).ConclusionsWe found a statistically significant association between sarcopenia and sleep disorder in older patients with diabetes using SARC‐F‐J. Therefore, older patients with diabetes should be cautioned regarding sleep disorder if they are diagnosed with sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 399–403.
A Rapid Method for Analyzing Well Log Records in Preparation for Water Resource Mapping
Authors: Thomsen Kurt O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe needs of subregional and local entities for water resource management are immediate, and required information is not forthcoming in a timely and relatively inexpensive manner. The following method allows one to use all available well record data to produce baseline hydrogeologic unit maps using geographic information system querying and mapping techniques. Subjective borehole and geophysical strata descriptions are converted to objective equivalent numerical values by establishing the average hydraulic conductivity of the combined soils making up the stratum of interest. These hydraulic conductivity values are then used to assign each stratum to a hydrogeologic unit based on typical ranges of hydraulic conductivity for aquifers, aquitards and aquicludes. The resulting data are queried and mapped to provide a preliminary description of a shallow aquifer system composed of unconsolidated materials. This method can be used to provide information to make initial estimates of the configuration of the shallow aquifer system and to plan for groundwater sustainability. Two examples of maps for an area in northeastern Illinois that were prepared using the resulting database are presented.
Making infection prevention and control everyone's business? Hospital staff views on patient involvement
Authors: Sutton Elizabeth , Brewster Liz , Tarrant Carolyn 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContextEnsuring an infection‐free environment is increasingly seen as requiring the contribution of staff, patients and visitors. There is limited evidence, however, about how staff feel about collaborating with patients and relatives to co‐produce that environment.AimsThis study aims to understand how hospital staff perceive the involvement of patients and relatives in infection prevention and control (IPC) and the main challenges for staff in working together with patients and relatives to reduce the threat of infection.MethodsQualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 35 frontline health‐care professionals and four executive staff, from two hospital trusts.FindingsWe found that staff were more supportive of approaches that encourage co‐operation from patients and relatives, than of interventions that invoked confrontation. We identified challenges to involvement arising from staff concerns about shifting responsibility for IPC onto patients. Staff were not always able to work with patients to control infection risks as some patients themselves created and perpetuated those risks.ConclusionsOur work highlights that IPC has particular features that impact on the possibilities for involving patients and relatives at the point of care. Staff acknowledge tensions between the drive to involve patients and respect their autonomy, and their duty to protect patients from risk of unseen harm. The role that patients and relatives can play in IPC is fluctuating and context dependent. Staff responsibility for protecting patients from the risk of infection may sometimes need to take priority over prerogatives to involve patients and relatives in the co‐production of IPC.
Chitinozoans and scolecodonts from the Silurian and Devonian of Japan
Authors: Vandenbroucke Thijs R. A. , Hints Olle , Williams Mark , Wallis Simon , Velleman Jules , Kurihara Toshiyuki , Tanaka Gengo , Komatsu Toshifumi , Männik Peep , Siveter David J. , de Backer Tim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSilurian and Devonian chitinozoans and scolecodonts are recorded from strata of the Hida‐Gaien Terrane, central Honshu. Silurian chitinozoans include Eisenackitina, Bursachitina, and the species Angochitina elongata. The latter provides a precise biostratigraphical tie between the Japanese succession and the Type Ludlow Series of the Welsh Borderland, UK, and indicates a Ludlow age (Gorstian or early Ludfordian) for the upper member of the Yoshiki Formation in the Ichinotani Valley. Chitinozoans from other Yoshiki Formation localities contain other specimens of Lagenochitinidae. Scolecodonts are more common than chitinozoans in the palynological residues, but are mostly represented by fragments or minor apparatus elements with a low biostratigraphical value. However, material from the Yoshiki and Fukuji Formations includes several species of Mochtyella as well as representatives of Oenonites, Kettnerites, Lunoprionella, Vistulella? and possibly other placognath taxa. Scolecodonts are also present in the Silurian Middle Member of the Gionyama Formation, Kyushu, including a well‐preserved jaw of Pistoprion, and fragments of putative Kettnerites and Oenonites. These finds of scolecodonts suggest close similarity in assemblages between Paleozoic polychaete faunas of Japanese terranes and those of Baltica‐Laurentia.
A simple topographical model to predict Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos space use during dispersal
Authors: Fielding Alan H. , Haworth Paul F. , Anderson David , Benn Stuart , Dennis Roy , Weston Ewan , Whitfield D. Philip 
Published: February 2019

Many large raptors exploit or rely on anabatic and orographic winds which provide vertical lift, to supplement or provide the energy fuelling flight. Airspace is therefore a critical habitat for such large raptors and its use is subject to the underlying terrestrial topography, because particular topographical features are more likely to provide wind‐energetic lift. Accordingly, ridges and/or ‘rugged topography’ are common preferred features in habitat use by large raptors. Our study aimed to provide a simple model of space use for a large raptor, the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos, based on thousands of GPS telemetry records during juvenile dispersal of 92 birds tagged as nestlings between 2007 and 2016 across upland Scotland. Model development was based on the hypothesis that four topographical variables would be influential: slope, aspect, altitude and distance from ridge. The telemetry dataset was divided into training and two testing components. The first testing set was derived by a temporal split resulting in approximately equal sample size on records and some temporal overlap in individuals’ records with training data. The second testing set involved no individuals from the training set. Aspect was removed early in training model development because it was not influential. The model found that young Golden Eagles preferred, or used according to availability, space above slopes greater than 10°, at an altitude of ≥ 300 m, and within 300 m of a ridge. The test data were highly correlated with those from the training data in the model variables, and performance as regard to expected preferences from the model was improved in both test datasets, indicating the model was robust. Given the apparent universal nature of large raptor dependence on topography, that topography is relatively immutable according to time and use, and that topographical data are readily available, we commend our approach to other habitat preference studies of Golden Eagles and other large raptors elsewhere.
MicroRNA‐876‐5p inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting c‐Met in osteosarcoma
Authors: Xie Weixin , Xiao Jie , Wang Tao , Zhang Dongmei , Li Zhanchun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecently, aberrant expression of miR‐876‐5p has been reported to participate in the progression of several human cancers. However, the expression and function of miR‐876‐5p in osteosarcoma (OS) are still unknown. Here, we found that the expression of miR‐876‐5p was significantly down‐regulated in OS tissues compared to para‐cancerous tissues. Clinical association analysis indicated that underexpression of miR‐876‐5p was positively correlated with advanced clinical stage and poor differentiation. More importantly, OS patients with low miR‐876‐5p level had a significant shorter overall survival compared to miR‐876‐5p high‐expressing patients. In addition, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments demonstrated that miR‐876‐5p restoration suppressed whereas miR‐876‐5p knockdown promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion in both U2OS and MG63 cells. In vivo studies revealed that miR‐876‐5p overexpression inhibited tumour growth of OS in mice. Mechanistically, miR‐876‐5p reduced c‐Met abundance in OS cells and inversely correlated c‐Met expression in OS tissues. Herein, c‐Met was recognized as a direct target of miR‐876‐5p using luciferase reporter assay. Notably, c‐Met restoration rescued miR‐876‐5p attenuated the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells. In conclusion, these findings indicate that miR‐876‐5p may be used as a potential therapeutic target and promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of OS.
miR‐181c‐5p mediates simulated microgravity‐induced impaired osteoblast proliferation by promoting cell cycle arrested in the G2 phase
Authors: Sun Zhongyang , Li Ying , Wang Han , Cai Min , Gao Shanshan , Liu Jing , Tong Liangcheng , Hu Zebing , Wang Yixuan , Wang Ke , Zhang Lijun , Cao Xinsheng , Zhang Shu , Shi Fei , Zhao Jianning 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImpaired osteoblast proliferation plays fundamental roles in microgravity‐induced bone loss, and cell cycle imbalance may result in abnormal osteoblast proliferation. However, whether microgravity exerts an influence on the cell cycle in osteoblasts or what mechanisms may underlie such an effect remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we confirmed that simulated microgravity inhibits osteoblast proliferation. Then, we investigated the effect of mechanical unloading on the osteoblast cell cycle and found that simulated microgravity arrested the osteoblast cell cycle in the G2 phase. In addition, our data showed that cell cycle arrest in osteoblasts from simulated microgravity was mainly because of decreased cyclin B1 expression. Furthermore, miR‐181c‐5p directly inhibited cyclin B1 protein translation by binding to a target site in the 3′UTR. Lastly, we demonstrated that inhibition of miR‐181c‐5p partially counteracted cell cycle arrest and decreased the osteoblast proliferation induced by simulated microgravity. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that simulated microgravity inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase in primary mouse osteoblasts partially through the miR‐181c‐5p/cyclin B1 pathway. This work may provide a novel mechanism of microgravity‐induced detrimental effects on osteoblasts and offer a new avenue to further investigate bone loss induced by mechanical unloading.
Evaluation of sensory, textural, and nutritional attributes of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) as prepared by five types of drying methods
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Bi Jinfeng , Yi Jianyong , Jin Xin , Wu Xinye , Zhou Mo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe effect of freeze drying (FD), far‐infrared radiation drying (FIRD), heat pump drying (HPD), hot air drying (HAD), and hot air combined instant controlled pressure drop drying (DIC) were compared on the drying efficiency and quality attributes of dried shiitake mushrooms. The results showed that in comparison with the HPD, HAD, and DIC, the FIRD shiitake mushroom exhibited better appearance with less shrinkage and lower ΔE (6.10), lower hardness (34.82 N), and higher rehydration ratio (7.55), which were more resemble to those of the FD sample. Besides, a significantly higher (p < 0.05) retention of protein was found in the FD and FIRD sample (2.47 mg/g and 2.30 mg/g), as well as higher retention of polysaccharide (1.79 mg/g and 1.39 mg/g). In addition, FIRD shiitake mushroom were superior to FD product in terms of saving drying time as 66.25% and exhibiting maximum numbers of flavor components, among which specific sulfides showed the highest percentage (24.59%). Therefore, the FIRD dried shiitake mushroom obtained a better overall quality among the products dried by the five drying methods.Practical applicationsShiitake mushrooms are wildly planted edible fungi, which are consumed mostly in dried form around the word. Recently, the demand of efficient application have promoted an increasingly use of novel drying technologies in mushroom processing. This study presents comprehensive evaluations on some vital quality attributes of shiitake mushrooms using five drying methods that already commercialized in China. FIRD was more suitable to produce dried shiitake mushrooms with desirable appearance and texture, as well as relatively rich flavor and nutrients.
Behaviour problems in people with intellectual disabilities: validation of the French version of the Behaviour Problems Inventory – Short Form
Authors: Oubrahim L. , Combalbert N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe risk for the development of severe behaviour problems by individuals with intellectual disability (ID) is a well‐known concern. However, there are currently no reliable instruments for assessing these behaviours in French. The Behaviour Problems Inventory – Short Form (BPI‐S) assesses these three types of behaviour in people with ID: self‐injurious behaviour (eight items), aggressive/destructive behaviours (10 items) and stereotypic behaviours (12 items). The purpose of this study was to conduct a psychometric study of a French version of the BPI‐S.MethodData were collected on 305 children, adolescents and young adults with ID 50 care workers in seven specialised institutions in France as informants. We examined the scale's factorial structure (using confirmatory factor analysis), internal consistency and inter‐rater reliability. We also established preliminary French norms.ResultsOur results show that the French BPI‐S has a factorial structure similar to that of the English version. It has good internal consistency. The internal consistency of the frequency ratings was 0.91 and 0.62 for the severity ratings. The BPI‐S has a good inter‐rater reliability with acceptable coefficients for the frequency ratings (Self Injurious Behaviour (SIB) = 0.81; Aggressive–Destructive behaviour = 0.66; Stereotyped behaviours = 0.75) and for the severity ratings (SIB = 0.92; Aggressive–Destructive behaviour = 0.54). The data also show that the frequency and severity of behaviours differ based on the level of ID.ConclusionsThe French version of the BPI‐S has good psychometric properties for assessing problem behaviours in children, adolescents and young adults. This scale can be used for research and clinical evaluation of disorders associated with ID.
A Conflict of Values: Nurses’ Willingness to Work Under Threatening Conditions
Authors: Ganz Freda DeKeyser , Margalith Ilana , Benbenishty Julie , Hirschfeld Miriam , Wagner Nurit , Toren Orly 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the willingness of Israeli registered nurses to work under threatening conditions, their perceived level of threat, and perceptions of peer willingness to report to work.DesignThis descriptive study was based on a convenience sample of registered nurses working in four hospitals throughout Israel from internal medicine, surgical, emergency, and intensive care units.MethodsA questionnaire designed by the investigators was administered to registered nurses while on duty. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: personal characteristics, perceived level of personal threat from five situations (caring for a patient with a dangerous infection, terror attack, war, radiation or chemical disaster, or natural disaster), and perceived personal and peer willingness to work under these threats.FindingsA convenience sample of 249 registered nurses from four hospitals responded. The highest level of perceived threat was a natural disaster (earthquake; M = 2.15, SD = 0.9). Terror (M = 0.83, SD = 0.6) and war (M = 1.01, SD = 0.6) received the lowest mean perceived threat scores. Most respondents were not willing to work during a natural disaster but were willing to care for patients with dangerous infections and during times of war. Weak positive statistically significant correlations were found between the level of perceived threat and willingness to work for all of the threats, except for terror (Spearman rank correlation = .16–.35).ConclusionsLocal culture, perceptions of the level of threat, and perceived peer responsiveness are associated with registered nurses’ willingness to work under threat.Clinical RelevanceWhen faced with a threat to personal safety or security, many registered nurses might not be willing to work as usual. What is perceived as threatening is influenced by the local culture and environment. Therefore, managers should be aware of potential cultural and peer influences on this possible conflict of values.
Verification of the reliability of current perception threshold and pain threshold testing by application of an electrical current stimulus to mandibular mucosa in young adults
Authors: Furuse Nobuhiko , Kimoto Suguru , Nakashima Yoshio , Ogawa Takahiro , Furokawa So , Okubo Masakazu , Yamaguchi Hidenori , Kawai Yasuhiko 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundThere is little evidence regarding the reliability of CPT and PT measurements to gauge mandibular perception. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the test‐retest reliability of CPT and PT values obtained from the mandibular oral mucosa and to test the bilateral differences in CPT and PT values obtained from the mental foramen region and buccal shelf region by a single operator.MethodsCPT and PT values were obtained from the mental foramen and buccal shelf regions of 20 volunteers (10 males and 10 females; average age: 26.4 ± 2.6 years) by using the Neurometer CPT/C® device to deliver electrical stimulation.ResultsRelative and absolute reliabilities were confirmed over two measurements of CPT and PT over a 7‐ to 10‐day measurement interval. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for CPT and PT table obtained from the mental foramen region were >0.8, while most ICC for the buccal shelf region were <0.8. Standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change and Bland‐Altman analyses showed that the CPT and PT measurements had no systematic error and could serve as useful methods. At all frequencies, the bilateral difference in CPT and PT values at the mental foramen and buccal shelf region was not significant.ConclusionCPT and PT measurements using a custom‐made device that applied an electrical current to the mental foramen region have appropriate reliability to assess intra‐oral sensitivity to electrical stimulation in young adults.
Strengthening Local Credit Markets Through Lender‐Level Index Insurance
Authors: Collier Benjamin L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article considers lender‐level index insurance as a means of expanding access to credit in disaster‐prone communities. In this approach, the lender transfers the disaster risk of loans in its portfolio by contracting on an observable measure of the catastrophe. I develop and calibrate a dynamic, stochastic model using data from a community lender in Peru that is vulnerable to El Niño–related flooding. The modeled lender can insure against El Niño using an index‐based product that is available for purchase by financial intermediaries in Peru. I examine how premium rates, basis risk, and background risk may influence the lender's insurance decision and credit supply. Overall, the results suggest that lender‐level index insurance holds promise for reducing disaster‐related credit supply shocks and expanding credit access in vulnerable communities.