bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between workplace discrimination and depressive symptoms among firefighters in South Korea
Authors: Lee Nagyeong , Kim Ji‐Hwan , Kim Ja Young , Kim Seung‐Sup 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundWorkplace discrimination is associated with poor mental health. However, there is a lack of studies examining the effects of discrimination on depressive symptoms among firefighters.MethodsWe analyzed a national cross‐sectional survey of 6369 firefighters in South Korea. Workplace discrimination during the past year was measured and main reasons for the discriminatory experience (gender, birth region, age, education, field/office work, job division) were identified separately by gender and job division. Depressive symptoms during the previous week were measured by the CES‐D11.ResultsOverall, 30.3% of firefighters experienced workplace discrimination and the main reasons for discrimination differed by gender and job division. Firefighters who experienced workplace discrimination had a higher likelihood of depressive symptoms than those who did not after adjusting for potential confounders (PR: 1.73; 95%CI: 1.55, 1.92).ConclusionsThis finding suggests that experience of workplace discrimination could aggravate the mental health of firefighters who provide an important public service.
High exposure mining occupations are associated with obstructive lung disease, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 2006‐2015
Authors: Mabila Sithembile L. , Almberg Kirsten S. , Friedman Lee , Cohen Robert 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe association between mining occupation categories and obstructive lung disease (OLD) has not been well explored in the United States.MethodsNational Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2006 to 2015 was used to determine the relationship between mining occupations and diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. We classified occupations into low, moderate, high, and very high dust exposure groups. Extraction workers were categorized as very high dust exposure.ResultsWe found 4.5% of miners had chronic bronchitis, 3.3% had emphysema, 6.2% had COPD, and 9.9% had asthma. In fully adjusted models, extraction workers had significantly increased odds of having chronic bronchitis (OR = 2.18 [95%CI: 1.02, 4.64]), emphysema (OR = 7.85 [95%CI: 1.70, 36.27]), and COPD (OR = 2.56 [95%CI: 1.29, 5.12]) compared to lower exposure occupations.ConclusionsOccupation is an important predictor of OLD in the mining industry
A Curved Noninteracting 2D Electron Gas with Anisotropic Mass
Authors: Souza Pedro H. , Silva Edilberto O. , Rojas Moises , Filgueiras Cleverson 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn da Costa's thin‐layer approach, a quantum particle moving in a 3D sample is confined to a curved thin interface. At the end, the interface effects are ignored and the quantum particle is localized on a curved surface. A geometric potential arises and, since it is due to this confinement procedure, it depends on the transverse to the surface mass component. The effects due to an anisotropic effective mass on a noninteracting two‐dimensional electron gas confined to a curved surface are reported. By tailoring the mass, many investigations carried out in the literature can be improved, which in turn can be useful to better designing electronic systems without modifying the geometry of the given system. Some examples are examined, such as a particle on a helicoidal surface, on a cylinder, on a catenoid and on a cone, with some possible applications briefly discussed.
TDEG based framework and tools for innovation in teaching technical drawing: The example of LaMoo project
Authors: Villa Valerio , Motyl Barbara , Paderno Diego , Baronio Gabriele 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis work presents the development of an integrated framework and related tools for innovation and improvement in the teaching of Technical Drawing. This framework is based on the “Technical Drawing Evaluation Grid—TDEG.” This grid is currently used, by the authors, for the definition and the development of different kinds of tools for supporting both teaching and learning and for the evaluation of Technical Drawing and engineering graphics topics knowledge in general. In particular, this paper focuses on the problems related to knowledge evaluation and assessment of Technical Drawing using online tests. Then, the LaMoo project which is a tool under development for the structured construction of questions for online tests in Moodle environment is presented.
A course delivery method by using a software to predict contaminant migration through a soil layer
Authors: Çokça Erdal , Aktaş Tuğçe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe authors propose a course delivery method for the contaminant transport through a saturated soil layer to explain contamination of soils in the Environmental Geotechnology course. In civil and environmental engineering education, analytical simulation models help students to understand the processes. MATLAB©‐based simulation method is proposed in this paper, to enhance learning of students of contaminant migration phenomena, and the simulation program is written by the students within the course based on an existing analytical solution for two‐dimensional transport of contaminants in a saturated soil layer. Students use systematic, step‐by‐step problem solving approach while identifying, formulating and solving the contaminant migration problem. The program is written for pulse source and includes advective and dispersive transport as well as sorption and the simulation is used to obtain the profiles of contaminant concentration as a function of distance from the source and time for a steady groundwater velocity. It is shown that the contaminant concentration profiles obtained by simulation demonstrate the processes involved, by this way, the software tool integrates with the rest of the course content. It was seen by the author that, almost all of the students, who are taking Environmental Geotechnology course, could write matlab codes for contaminant migration if guided properly by the instructor/assistant. In this regard, it seems important to conduct studies which will allow students to increase their matlab programming practice. Also the use of the computer simulation encourages the students to ask “what if” questions and to carry out parametric studies and to learn by “discovery.”
Novel Catechol Derivatives of Arylimidamides as Antileishmanial Agents
Authors: Rezaei Foroogh , Saghaie Lotfollah , Sabet Razieh , Fassihi Afshin , Hatam Gholamreza 
Published: July 2018

Two novel bis‐arylimidamide derivatives with terminal catechol moieties (9a and 10a) and two parent compounds with terminal phenyl groups (DB613 and DB884) were synthesized as dihydrobromide salts (9b and 10b). The designed compounds were hybrid molecules consisting of a catechol functionality embedded in an arylimidamide moiety. All compounds were examined for in vitro antiparasitic activity upon promastigotes of Leishmania major and L. infantum as well as axenic amastigotes of L. major. It was shown that conversion of terminal phenyl groups into catechol moieties resulted in more than 10‐fold improvement in potency, coupled with lower cytotoxicity against fibroblast cells, compared to the corresponding parent compounds. The furan‐containing analog 9a exhibited the highest activity with submicromolar IC50 values, ranging from 0.29 to 0.36 μm, which is comparable in efficacy to the reference drug amphotericin B (IC50 0.28 – 0.33 μm). The results justify further study of this class of compounds. It seems that the combination of catechol chelating groups with potent antiparasitic agents could improve the efficacy by presenting novel hybrid compounds.
Hypopharyngeal lipoma—A diagnostic work up
Authors: Jia Wei , Navaratnam Annakan , Lingam Ravi Kumar 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageIt is important to examine the pharynx through nasoendoscopic examination in patients that present with dysphagia, to look for pharyngeal masses. Magnetic resonance imaging can accurately diagnose lipoma in the pharynx region.
Mn(III)‐Porphyrin Containing Heterogeneous Catalyst based on Microporous Polymeric Constituents as a New Class of Catalyst Support
Authors: Yi Jigyoung , Jeong Ha Young , Shin Dae Yong , Kim Cheal , Lee Suk Joong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMn(III)‐porphyrin containing #heterogeneous catalyst based on microporous polymeric constituents as a new class of #catalyst support from Korea University and Seoul National University of Science and Technology
A Ceramic‐PVDF Composite Membrane with Modified Interfaces as an Ion‐Conducting Electrolyte for Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries Operating at Room Temperature
Authors: Yu Jing , Kwok Stephen C. T. , Lu Ziheng , Effat Mohammed B. , Lyu Yu‐Qi , Yuen Matthew M. F. , Ciucci Francesco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSolid‐state batteries hold great promise because of their safety and high projected energy density. However, the sizeable interfacial resistance between the electrodes and the electrolyte of such batteries is a significant bottleneck in the development of this technology. In this work, we develop a Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solid‐state composite membrane characterized by high conductivity, tensile strength, and flexibility as well as low impedance if interfacially modified by a minute amount of liquid electrolyte. A solid‐state lithium‐ion battery using this electrolyte with LiFePO4 and Li as electrodes delivers excellent rate capability and cycling stability at room temperature. In particular, the battery shows an initial discharge capacity of 155 mAh g−1 and, after 100 cycles at 1C, of 145 mAh g−1. Even at 4C, the discharge capacity is 96 mAh g−1. Our study suggests that the interfacially modified LLZTO‐PVDF membrane is a promising electrolyte for solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries.
Covalency and Ionicity Do Not Oppose Each Other—Relationship Between Si−O Bond Character and Basicity of Siloxanes
Authors: Fugel Malte , Hesse Maxie F. , Pal Rumpa , Beckmann Jens , Jayatilaka Dylan , Turner Michael J. , Karton Amir , Bultinck Patrick , Chandler Graham S. , Grabowsky Simon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCovalency and ionicity are orthogonal rather than antipodal concepts. We demonstrate for the case of siloxane systems [R3Si−(O−SiR2)n−O−SiR3] that both covalency and ionicity of the Si−O bonds impact on the basicity of the Si‐O‐Si linkage. The relationship between the siloxane basicity and the Si−O bond character has been under debate since previous studies have presented conflicting explanations. It has been shown with natural bond orbital methods that increased hyperconjugative interactions of LP(O)→σ*(Si‐R) type, that is, increased orbital overlap and hence covalency, are responsible for the low siloxane basicity at large Si‐O‐Si angles. On the other hand, increased ionicity towards larger Si‐O‐Si angles has been revealed with real‐space bonding indicators. To resolve this ostensible contradiction, we perform a complementary bonding analysis, which combines orbital‐space, real‐space, and bond‐index considerations. We analyze the isolated disiloxane molecule H3SiOSiH3with varying Si‐O‐Si angles, andn‐membered cyclic siloxane systems Si2H4O(CH2)n−3. All methods from quite different realms show that both covalent and ionic interactions increase simultaneously towards larger Si‐O‐Si angles. In addition, we present highly accurate absolute hydrogen‐bond interaction energies of the investigated siloxane molecules with water and silanol as donors. It is found that intermolecular hydrogen bonding is significant at small Si‐O‐Si angles and weakens as the Si‐O‐Si angle increases until no stable hydrogen‐bond complexes are obtained beyondφSiOSi=168°, angles typically displayed by minerals or polymers. The maximum hydrogen‐bond interaction energy, which is obtained at an angle of 105°, is 11.05 kJ mol−1for the siloxane–water complex and 18.40 kJ mol−1for the siloxane–silanol complex.
Fluorophobic Effect Promoting Lamellar Self‐Assembly of Donor Acceptor Dyes
Authors: Haenle Johannes Christian , Stöckl Yannick , Forschner Robert , Haenle Elena , Laschat Sabine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo combine liquid crystalline and linear optical properties in the same molecule, the fluorophobic effect was probed for the first time in donor acceptor dyes. Thus, a series of mono‐, bi‐, and tricyclic donor acceptor dyes with 1H,1H‐perfluorinated alkyl chains of different lengths as donor units and nitrile, malononitrile or barbiturate as acceptor units was synthesized in 5 steps and 1.4–6.6 % overall yield. UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations revealed that absorption and emission maxima, Stokes shifts and LUMO energies were mainly governed by the chromophore size and acceptor strengths. The perfluorinated chain was electronically almost decoupled from the remaining chromophore and induced only slight changes of the absorption maxima as compared to the alkyl substituted counterparts. However, in contrast to the non‐mesomorphic alkyl donor‐substituted derivatives, the perfluorinated donors resulted in self‐assembly into partially interdigitated SmA bilayers according to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), X‐ray diffraction (WAXS, SAXS) studies and electron density profile calculations.
Pharmacogenomics of Vincristine‐Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Implicates Pharmacokinetic and Inherited Neuropathy Genes
Authors: Wright Galen E.B. , Amstutz Ursula , Drögemöller Britt I. , Shih Joanne , Rassekh Shahrad R. , Hayden Michael R. , Carleton Bruce C. , Ross Colin J.D. ,   The Canadian Pharmacogenomics Network for Drug Safety Consortium
Published: July 2018

Vincristine is an effective chemotherapeutic drug for various cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Unfortunately, clinical utility is restricted by dose‐limiting vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathies (VIPN). We sought to determine the association of VIPN with a recently identified risk variant, CEP72 rs924607, and drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) gene variants in pediatric ALL. This was followed by a meta‐analysis of pharmacogenomic data from over 500 patients. CEP72 rs924607 was significantly associated with VIPN (P = 0.02; odds ratio (OR) = 3.4). ADME analyses identified associations between VIPN and ABCC1 rs3784867 (P = 5.34 × 10−5; OR = 4.9), and SLC5A7 rs1013940 (P = 9.00 × 10−4; OR= 8.6); genes involved in vincristine transport and inherited neuropathies, respectively. Meta‐analysis identified an association with a variant related to TTPA (rs10504361: P = 6.85 × 10−4; OR = 2.0), a heritable neuropathy‐related gene. This study provides essential corroboratory evidence for CEP72 rs924607 and highlights the importance of drug transporter and inherited neuropathy genes in VIPN.
Enhanced Base‐Free Formic Acid Production from CO2 on Pd/g‐C3N4 by Tuning of the Carrier Defects
Authors: Mondelli Cecilia , Puértolas Begoña , Ackermann Miriam , Chen Zupeng , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCO2 hydrogenation is attracting increasing attention as a sustainable route to produce formic acid, a commodity and potential energy vector. Here, bifunctional catalysts comprising metal nanoparticles deposited on bulk graphitic carbon nitride were assessed under base‐free conditions, identifying supported Pd as the best performer. The catalyst productivity was enhanced by maximizing the edge‐defects of the g‐C3N4 carrier, amino groups able to activate CO2, and by generating welldispersed 5 nm Pd particles, required to split H2. Bottom‐up synthesis methods, that is, hard‐templating and carbon enrichment upon polymerization, and top‐down strategies, that is, thermal exfoliation of the as‐prepared solid, were explored to boost the defects, the nature and density of which were evaluated by thermal and (in situ) spectroscopic techniques. After optimization of temperature, pressure, and reaction time, a 20 times higher turnover frequency compared with the best Pd/g‐C3N4 catalyst reported producing formic acid from CO2 without base was attained. This activity level was retained upon recycling with intermediate catalyst regeneration at mild temperature.
Understanding the recruitment response of juvenile Neotropical trees to logging intensity using functional traits
Authors: Hogan J. Aaron , Hérault Bruno , Bachelot Bénédicte , Gorel Anaїs , Jounieaux Marianne , Baraloto Christopher 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSelective logging remains a widespread practice in tropical forests, yet the long‐term effects of timber harvest on juvenile tree (i.e., sapling) recruitment across the hundreds of species occurring in most tropical forests remain difficult to predict. This uncertainty could potentially exacerbate threats to some of the thousands of timber‐valuable tree species in the Amazon. Our objective was to determine to what extent long‐term responses of tree species regeneration in logged forests can be explained by their functional traits. We integrate functional trait data for 13 leaf, stem, and seed traits from 25 canopy tree species with a range of life histories, such as the pioneer Goupia glabra and the shade‐tolerant Iryanthera hostmannii, together with over 30 yr of sapling monitoring in permanent plots spanning a gradient of harvest intensity at the Paracou Forest Disturbance Experiment (PFDE), French Guiana. We anticipated that more intensive logging would increase recruitment of pioneer species with higher specific leaf area, lower wood densities, and smaller seeds, due to the removal of canopy trees. We define a recruitment response metric to compare sapling regeneration to timber harvest intensity across species. Although not statistically significant, sapling recruitment decreased with logging intensity for eight of 23 species and these species tended to have large seeds and dense wood. A generalized linear mixed model fit using specific leaf area, seed mass, and twig density data explained about 45% of the variability in sapling dynamics. Effects of specific leaf area outweighed those of seed mass and wood density in explaining recruitment dynamics of the sapling community in response to increasing logging intensity. The most intense treatment at the PFDE, which includes stand thinning of non‐timber‐valuable adult trees and poison‐girdling for competitive release, showed evidence of shifting community composition in sapling regeneration at the 30‐yr mark, toward species with less dense wood, lighter seeds, and higher specific leaf area. Our results indicate that high‐intensity logging can have lasting effects on stand regeneration dynamics and that functional traits can help simplify general trends of sapling recruitment for highly diverse logged tropical forests.
WASPnest: a worldwide assessment of social Polistine nesting behavior
Authors: Miller Sara E. , Bluher Sarah E. , Bell Emily , Cini Alessandro , Silva Rafael Carvalho da , de Souza André Rodrigues , Gandia Kristine M. , Jandt Jennifer , Loope Kevin , Prato Amanda , Pruitt Jonathan N. , Rankin David , Rankin Erin , Southon Robin J. , Uy Floria M. K. , Weiner Susan , Wright Colin M. , Downing Holly , Gadagkar Raghavendra , Cristina Lorenzi M. , Rusina Lidiya , Sumner Seirian , Tibbetts Elizabeth A. , Toth Amy , Sheehan Michael J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCooperative breeding decreases the direct reproductive output of subordinate individuals, but cooperation can be evolutionarily favored when there are challenges or constraints to breeding independently. Environmental factors, including temperature, precipitation, latitude, high seasonality, and environmental harshness have been hypothesized to correlate with the presence of cooperative breeding. However, to test the relationship between cooperation and ecological constraints requires comparative data on the frequency and variation of cooperative breeding across differing environments, ideally replicated across multiple species. Paper wasps are primitively social species, forming colonies composed of reproductively active dominants and foraging subordinates. Adult female wasps, referred to as foundresses, initiate new colonies. Nests can be formed by a single solitary foundress (noncooperative) or by multiple foundress associations (cooperative). Cooperative behavior varies within and among species, making paper wasps species well suited to disentangling ecological correlates of variation in cooperative behavior. This data set reports the frequency and extent of cooperative nest founding for 87 paper wasp species. Data were assembled from more than 170 published sources, previously unpublished field observations, and photographs contributed by citizen scientists to online natural history repositories. The data set includes 25,872 nest observations and reports the cooperative behavioral decisions for 45,297 foundresses. Species names were updated to reflect modern taxonomic revisions. The type of substrate on which the nest was built is also included, when available. A smaller population‐level version of this data set found that the presence or absence of cooperative nesting in paper wasps was correlated with temperature stability and environmental harshness, but these variables did not predict the extent of cooperation within species. This expanded data set contains details about individual nests and further increases the power to address the relationship between the environment and the presence and extent of cooperative breeding. Beyond the ecological drivers of cooperation, these high‐resolution data will be useful for future studies examining the evolutionary consequences of variation in social behavior. This data set may be used for research or educational purposes provided that this data paper is cited.
Enantiomeric quality control of R‐Tofisopam by HPLC using polysaccharide‐type chiral stationary phases in polar organic mode
Authors: Foroughbakhshfasaei Mohammadhassan , Szabó Zoltán‐István , Mirzahosseini Arash , Horváth Péter , Tóth Gergő 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA novel, fast and economic chiral HPLC method was developed and validated for the resolution of the four isomers of tofisopam. The separation capacity of eleven different chiral columns: six polysaccharide‐type including three amylose‐based (Chiralpak AD, Chiralpak AD‐RH and Chiralpak AS) and three cellulose‐based (Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OJ and Lux Cellulose‐4); three cyclodextrin‐ (Quest‐BC, Quest‐C2 and Quest‐CM) and two macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotic‐type (Chirobiotic T and Chirobiotic TAG) were screened using polar organic or reversed‐phase mode. Chiralpak AD, based on amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) as chiral selector with neat methanol was identified as the most promising system. In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of 2‐propanol, column temperature, and flow rate in a multivariate manner. Using the optimized method (85/15 v/v methanol/2‐propanol, 40°C, flow rate: 0.7 mL/min) we were not only able to separate the four isomers but also detect 0.1% S‐enantiomer as chiral impurity in R‐tofisopam. This is important since the latter is under development as a single enantiomeric agent. Thermodynamic investigation revealed an unusual entropy and enthalpy‐entropy co‐driven controlled enantioseparation on Chiralcel OJ and on Chiralpak AD column, respectively. Our newly developed HPLC method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and its application was tested on a pharmaceutical formulation containing the racemic mixture of the drug. As a further novelty, a separate circular dichroism method was applied for the investigation of the interconversion kinetics of tofisopam conformers, which proved to be crucial for sample preparation and method validation.