bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stromal PDGFR‐β Expression is Associated with Postoperative Survival of Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Preoperative Chemo‐ or Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery
Authors: Kanzaki Ryu , Ose Naoko , Kawamura Tomohiro , Funaki Soichiro , Shintani Yasushi , Minami Masato , Takakura Nobuyuki , Okumura Meinoshin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPDGFR‐β is used as a stromal biomarker and is functional in mesenchymal cells of the tumor microenvironment. The significance of stromal PDGFR‐β expression in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients undergoing preoperative chemo‐ or chemoradiotherapy had not been determined.MethodsPatients with NSCLC undergoing preoperative chemo‐ or chemoradiotherapy between 1996 and 2014 were assessed for expression of stromal PDGFR‐β by immunohistochemistry using resected specimens. Relationships between stromal PDGFR‐β expression and survival after operation were analyzed. Forty‐three patients who underwent surgery without preoperative treatment in 2005 were also analyzed as a chemo‐naïve control group.ResultsThe mean age of the 92 patients was 60.2 years. Seventy‐eight (85%) were male, and 14 (15%) were female. Fifty‐four patients (59%) underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and 38 patients (41%) underwent preoperative chemotherapy. Regimens for preoperative chemotherapy were cisplatin (CDDP) based in 48 patients (52%) and carboplatin (CBDCA) based in 43 (42%). While stromal cells expressed PDGFR‐β in 21 chemo‐naïve patients (49%), stromal cells expressed PDGFR‐β in 65 patients who underwent preoperative therapy (p = 0.02). The 5‐year disease‐free survival rate (DFS) of the PDGFR‐β‐positive group was significantly worse than that of the negative group (27 vs. 48%, p = 0.04). The 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate (DSS) in the stromal PDGFR‐β‐positive group was also significantly worse than in the negative group (43 vs. 70%, p = 0.01). On the other hand, stromal PDGFR‐β expression did not influence survival in chemo‐naïve patients.ConclusionsStromal PDGFR‐β expression is negatively associated with DFS and DSS in patients with NSCLC undergoing preoperative chemo‐ or chemoradiotherapy.
Review and Comparison of Electronic Patient‐Facing Family Health History Tools
Authors: Welch Brandon M. , Wiley Kevin , Pflieger Lance , Achiangia Rosaline , Baker Karen , Hughes‐Halbert Chanita , Morrison Heath , Schiffman Joshua , Doerr Megan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFamily health history (FHx) is one of the most important pieces of information available to help genetic counselors and other clinicians identify risk and prevent disease. Unfortunately, the collection of FHx from patients is often too time consuming to be done during a clinical visit. Fortunately, there are many electronic FHx tools designed to help patients gather and organize their own FHx information prior to a clinic visit. We conducted a review and analysis of electronic FHx tools to better understand what tools are available, to compare and contrast to each other, to highlight features of various tools, and to provide a foundation for future evaluation and comparisons across FHx tools. Through our analysis, we included and abstracted 17 patient‐facing electronic FHx tools and explored these tools around four axes: organization information, family history collection and display, clinical data collected, and clinical workflow integration. We found a large number of differences among FHx tools, with no two the same. This paper provides a useful review for health care providers, researchers, and patient advocates interested in understanding the differences among the available patient‐facing electronic FHx tools.
Diversity of waterbirds wintering in Douz wetlands (south Tunisia): factors affecting wetland occupancy and species richness
Authors: Hamza Foued , Selmi Slaheddine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the environmental factors shaping wetland attractiveness for waterbirds is an important question in wetland ecology and for conservation purposes. However, detailed data from numerous North African wetlands, notably those situated in inland areas, are still lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing wetland use by waterbirds wintering in one of such poorly known habitat systems, namely the Saharan wetland complex of Douz, in south‐western Tunisia. Thirty‐four waterbird species (20 wading birds and 14 waterfowl species) were found to winter in this area. Using discriminant function analyses, we found that wetland size was the unique variable discriminating between occupied and unoccupied sites for total waterbirds and wading birds, while waterfowl distribution was related to both wetland size and water depth. Wetland size also provided the strongest predictor of species richness of wading birds, waterfowl and total waterbirds. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of wetland size as a key factor determining the attractiveness of wetlands for waterbirds wintering in the Saharan wetland complex of Douz. The possible explanations of this wetland size effect are discussed.
Efficacy of Ivabradine in Combination with Beta-Blockers Versus Uptitration of Beta-Blockers in Patients with Stable Angina (CONTROL-2 Study)
Authors: Glezer Maria , Vasyuk Yuri , Karpov Yuri 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Introduction
Heart rate (HR) reduction is an integral part of antianginal therapy, but many patients do not reach the guideline-recommended target of less than 60 bpm despite high use of beta-blockers (BB). Failure to uptitrate BB doses may be partly to blame. To explore other options for lowering HR and improving angina control, CONTROL-2 was initiated to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of BBs with ivabradine versus uptitration of BBs to maximal tolerated dose, in patients with stable angina.

Methods
This multicenter, open, randomized study included 1104 patients with Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class II or III stable angina, in sinus rhythm, and on background stable treatment with non-maximal recommended doses of BBs. Consecutive patients were allocated to ivabradine + BB or BB uptitration in a 4:1 ratio.

Results
At the end of the study (week 16), addition of ivabradine to BB treatment and BB uptitration resulted in reduction in HR (61 ± 6 vs. 63 ± 8 bpm; p = 0.001). At week 16, significantly more patients on ivabradine + BB were in CCS class I than with BB uptitration (37.1% vs. 28%; p = 0.017) and significantly more patients were angina-free (50.6% vs. 34.2%; p < 0.001). Patient health status based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) was also better in the ivabradine + BB group. Adverse events (AEs) were significantly more common with BB uptitration than with the ivabradine + BB combination (18.4% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In patients with stable angina, combination therapy with ivabradine + BB demonstrated good tolerability, safety, and more pronounced clinical improvement, compared to BB uptitration.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN30654443.

Funding
Servier.
Evaluation and Management of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Authors: Clayton Anita H. , Kingsberg Sheryl A. , Goldstein Irwin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) often has a negative impact on the health and quality of life of women; however, many women do not mention—let alone discuss—this issue with their physicians. Providers of gynecologic services have the opportunity to address this subject with their patients.

Aim
To review the diagnosis and evidence-based treatment of low sexual desire in women with a focus on strategies that can be used efficiently and effectively in the clinic.

Methods
The Medline database was searched for clinically relevant publications on the diagnosis and management of HSDD.

Results
HSDD screening can be accomplished during an office visit with a few brief questions to determine whether further evaluation is warranted. Because women’s sexual desire encompasses biological, psychological, social, and contextual components, a biopsychosocial approach to evaluating and treating patients with HSDD is recommended. Although individualized treatment plan development for patients requires independent medical judgment, a simple algorithm can assist in the screening, diagnosis, and management of HSDD. Once a diagnosis of HSDD has been made, interventions can begin with office-based counseling and progress to psychotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy. Flibanserin, a postsynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A agonist and 2A antagonist that decreases serotonin levels and increases dopamine and norepinephrine levels, is indicated for acquired, generalized HSDD in premenopausal women and is the only agent approved in the United States for the treatment of HSDD in women. Other strategies to treat HSDD include using medications indicated for other conditions (eg, transdermal testosterone, bupropion). Bremelanotide, a melanocortin receptor agonist, is in late-stage clinical development.

Conclusions
Providers of gynecologic care are uniquely positioned to screen, counsel, and refer patients with HSDD. Options for pharmacotherapy of HSDD are currently limited to flibanserin, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and off-label use of other agents.
Deep Learning and Its Applications in Biomedicine
Authors: Cao Chensi , Liu Feng , Tan Hai , Song Deshou , Shu Wenjie , Li Weizhong , Zhou Yiming , Bo Xiaochen , Xie Zhi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Advances in biological and medical technologies have been providing us explosive volumes of biological and physiological data, such as medical images, electroencephalography, genomic and protein sequences. Learning from these data facilitates the understanding of human health and disease. Developed from artificial neural networks, deep learning-based algorithms show great promise in extracting features and learning patterns from complex data. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of deep learning techniques and some of the state-of-the-art applications in the biomedical field. We first introduce the development of artificial neural network and deep learning. We then describe two main components of deep learning, i.e., deep learning architectures and model optimization. Subsequently, some examples are demonstrated for deep learning applications, including medical image classification, genomic sequence analysis, as well as protein structure classification and prediction. Finally, we offer our perspectives for the future directions in the field of deep learning.
Predictors of Sexual Intercourse Frequency Among Couples Trying to Conceive
Authors: Gaskins Audrey J. , Sundaram Rajeshwari , Buck Louis Germaine M. , Chavarro Jorge E. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the predictors of sexual intercourse frequency (SIF) among couples trying to conceive despite the well-established link between SIF and fecundity.

Aim
To evaluate men's and women's demographic, occupational, and lifestyle predictors of SIF among couples.

Methods
469 Couples without a history of infertility participating in the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment Study (2005–2009) were followed up for ≤1 year while trying to conceive. At enrollment, both partners were interviewed about demographic, occupational, lifestyle, and psychological characteristics using standardized questionnaires. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models with Poisson distribution were used to estimate the adjusted percent difference in SIF across exposure categories.

Outcomes
SIF was recorded in daily journals and summarized as average SIF/mo.

Results
The median (interquartile range) SIF during follow-up was 6 (4–9) acts/mo. For every year increase in age for women and men, SIF decreased by –0.8% (95% CI –2.5 to 1.0%) and –1.7% (95% CI –3.1 to –0.3%). Women with high school education or less and those of non-white race had 34.4% and 16.0% higher SIF, respectively. A similar trend was seen for men's education and race. Only couples where both partners (but not just 1 partner) worked rotating shifts had –39.1% (95% CI –61.0 to –5.0%) lower SIF compared to couples where neither partner worked rotating shifts. Men's (but not women's) exercise was associated with 13.2% (95% CI 1.7–26.0%) higher SIF. Diagnosis of a mood or anxiety disorder in men (but not women) was associated with a 26.0% (95% CI –42.7 to –4.4%) lower SIF. Household income, smoking status, body mass index, night work, alcohol intake, and psychosocial stress were not associated with SIF.

Clinical Translation
Even among couples trying to conceive, there was substantial variation in SIF. Both partners' age, education, race, and rotating shift work as well as men's exercise and mental health play an important role in determining SIF.

Conclusions
As this was a secondary analysis of an existing study, we lacked information on many pertinent psychological and relationship quality variables and the hormonal status of participants, which could have affected SIF. The unique population-based couple design, however, captured both partners' demographics, occupational characteristics, and lifestyle behaviors in advance of their daily, prospective reporting of SIF, which was a major strength. Important predictors of SIF among couples attempting to conceive include men's exercise and mental health and both partners' age, education, race, and rotating shift work.
Structural features and formation conditions of mud diapirs in the Andaman Sea Basin
Authors: HE WENGANG , ZHOU JIANXUN 
Published: March 2018

AbstractData from offshore oil and gas explorations have revealed that mud diapirs occur widely not only at continental margins but also in foreland basins and may have played an important role in the entrapment of oil and gas. Although the structural features and formation mechanism of salt diapirs have been extensively investigated, mud diapirs are still not fully understood, largely due to the difficulty of identifying them from seismic data. In this paper, the structural features and main controlling factors of mud diapirs in the Andaman Sea Basin are investigated based on seismic profiles combined with drilling data and regional tectonic settings. The results show that there are five types of mud diapir in the Andaman Sea Basin: turtleback mud diapir, mud dome, piercing mud diapir, mud volcano and gas chimney-like mud diapir. Turtleback mud diapirs mainly occur in the southern segment of the accretionary wedge of the Andaman Sea Basin, which is far from the Bengal Fan and characterized by low deposition rate and strong compression tectonic setting. Piercing mud diapirs exist mainly in the central segment of the accretionary wedge, which is close to provenances of sediments and characterized by rapid sedimentation rates, large mudstone thickness and transpressional tectonic setting. Mud domes and mud volcanoes mainly occur in the northern segment of the accretionary wedge, which is characterized by rapid sedimentation rates, large mudstone thickness and sedimentary wedge growth tectonic setting. The gas chimney-like mud diapirs only occur in the northern segment of the back-arc depression close to the Sagaing strike-slip fault belt, which is characterized by high deposition rate, large mudstone thickness and high geothermal gradient. These features suggest that thick mudstone deposit, rapid sedimentation rates, large geothermal gradient, strong tectonic stress and gravitational spreading and sliding may have prompted the formation of mud diapirs in the Andaman Sea Basin.
PATIENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN EARLY AWARENESS AND ALERT ACTIVITIES: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Simpson Sue , Cook Alison , Miles Kathryn 
Published: March 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to report on the experiences, benefits, and challenges of patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) from a publicly funded early awareness and alert (EAA) system in the United Kingdom.Methods: Using email, telephone, a Web site portal, Twitter and focus groups, patients and the public were involved and engaged in the recognized stages of an EAA system: identification, filtration, prioritization, early assessment, and dissemination.Results: Approaches for PPIE were successfully integrated into all aspects of the National Institute for Health Research Horizon Scanning Research and Intelligence Centre's EAA system. Input into identification activities was not as beneficial as involvement in prioritization and early assessment. Patients gave useful insight into the Centre's Web site and engaging patients using Twitter has enabled the Centre to disseminate outputs to a wider audience.Conclusions: EAA systems should consider involving and engaging with patients and the public in identification, prioritization, and assessment of emerging health technologies where practicable. Further research is required to examine the value and impact of PPIE in EAA activities and in the early development of health technologies.
Seasonality of vocal activity of a bird community in an Afrotropical lowland rain forest
Authors: Vokurková Jana , Motombi Francis N. , Ferenc Michal , Hořák David , Sedláček Ondřej 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Recent observations from the tropics indicate seasonal peaks in breeding and vocal activity of some bird species. However, information about seasonality in vocal activity at the community level is still lacking in the tropics. We examined seasonal variation in the diurnal vocal activity of lowland rain forest birds on Mount Cameroon, using weekly automatic sound recording throughout the whole year and related it to rainfall and temperature. We show that the bird community in lowland rain forest vocalized year-round, but species richness as well as the vocal activity of the community varied greatly during the year. This variation coincided with the seasonality of rainfall. The highest number of species (31.5 on average) sang at the beginning of the driest period, followed by a gradual decrease in singing with increasing rainfall (minimum 14.5 species). This indicates that intensive rainfall indirectly limits the vocal activity of the tropical rain-forest bird community. Temporal turnover of vocalizing species as well as within-day variation in vocal activity was highest during the transition period between dry and rainy seasons. We suggest that this could reflect differing timing in the breeding activity of particular feeding guilds to follow seasonal peaks of their diets.
Constraints in the Development of Bioherbicides
Authors: Auld Bruce A. , Morin Louise 
Published: March 2018

Bioherbicides are biological control agents applied in similar ways to chemical herbicides to control weeds. The active ingredient in a bioherbicide is a living microorganism and it is applied in inundative doses of propagules. Most commonly the microorganism used is a fungus and its propagules are spores or fragments of mycelium; in this case the bioherbicide is also referred to as a mycoherbicide.Commercial bioherbicides first appeared on the market in the USA in the early 1980s with the release of the product DeVine® in 1981 and in the next year, the release of the product Collego®. In spite of considerable public research effort and many promising candidate organisms, only one other bioherbicide product, BioMal®, has been registered (in Canada) since then. Furthermore none of these products are currently commercially available for a variety of reasons that will be discussed below.
Fungicide Resistance—Lessons for Herbicide Resistance Management?
Authors: Peever Tobin L. , Milgroom Michael G. 
Published: March 2018

Resistance to agricultural fungicides has increaséd dramatically in the past twenty years, following the introduction of systemic fungicides. Disease control failures associated with fungicide resistance have occurred with many classes of fungicides and in many genera of plant-pathogenic fungi. In some cases, resistance evolved extremely rapidly making the chemicals ineffective for disease control only a few years after they were introduced.The rapid development of resistance to systemic fungicides has led to efforts to develop strategies to avoid or delay the evolution of fungicide resistance in plant pathogen populations. Despite a widespread interest in managing fungicide resistance, very few experimental studies have been performed to elucidate the important factors controlling resistance development. Most fungicide resistance studies have consisted of anecdotal field observations which have rarely been followed up with experimentation. In order to understand what factors affect the evolution of resistance, and to use this information to design effective resistance management strategies, more experimental studies are required.
Epidemiology and Toxicology of 2,4-D
Authors: Mullison Wendell R. , Bond Gregory G. 
Published: March 2018

The herbicide 2,4-D has been in commerce and a subject for research since 1944. It is undoubtedly among the most thoroughly researched pesticides in the world. In our society, 2,4-D has played an indispensable role. It is most important in the production of our food and fiber; in the control of noxious weeds causing public health problems such as common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.) and poison-ivy [Toxicodendron radicans(L.) Ktze.] in the maintenance of our utility supply lines and highway and railroad systems; and as a useful tool for creating desirable wildlife habitats and beautifying our parks, golf courses, and the grounds about our homes.Recently completed toxicological studies support the conclusions of earlier studies that 2,4-D may be used without undue risk to man, wildlife, or the environment. This does not mean, of course, that we should lessen our precautions to avoid exposure to applicators, prevent spray drift from getting on bystanders, or on pets such as dogs and cats, and following general good sanitation practices in its use.There have been some reports of an association between the use of 2,4-D and NHL. However, in our opinion after considering all the toxicological and epidemiological evidence, it has not been established that the use of 2,4-D causes NHL or any other type of cancer including soft tissue sarcomas and Hodgkin's disease. As cited in this review, most scientific experts who have carefully examined all the data share this opinion.
Fireweed, Epilobium angustifolium
Authors: Mitich Larry W. 
Published: March 2018

The fire-weed glows in the centre of the drive ways.Time (weekly ed.) Rudyard Kipling, 1892Fireweed is in the evening primrose family, Onagraceae, which includes 17 genera (Brummitt (1992). The genus Epilobium encompasses 200 especially western North America species of annuals, biennials, and herbaceous and semievergreen subshrubs. Epilobium is widely distributed in the temperate regions on waste and disturbed ground, stony slopes, river gravels, and subalpine screes and meadows. While some species are cultivated for their showy flowers, windborne seeds and spreading rhizomes make many others invasive (Brickhill and Zuh 1997).
Justice at the Workplace: A Review
Authors: VIRTANEN MARIANNA , ELOVAINIO MARKO 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Modern work life is characterized by constant change, reorganizations, and requirements of efficiency, which make the distribution of resources and obligations, as well as justice in decisionmaking, highly important. In the work life context, it is a question not only of distributing resources and obligations, but also of the procedures and rules that guide the decisionmaking in the organization. Studies of these rules and procedures have provided the basis for a new line of research that evaluates leadership and social relationships in working communities; that is, distributive, procedural, and relational justice. This review follows the development of research on organizational justice from its origins in early social and motivational psychological theories to its establishment as a major line of research in modern work and organizational psychology. The adverse consequences of injustice include poor team climate, reduced productivity and well-being, and work-related illnesses.