bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The age‐related reduction in cerebral blood flow affects vertebral artery more than internal carotid artery blood flow
Authors: Olesen Niels D. , Nielsen Henning B. , Olsen Niels V. , Secher Niels H. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAgeing reduces cerebral blood flow (CBF), while mean arterial pressure (MAP) becomes elevated. According to ‘the selfish brain’ hypothesis of hypertension, a reduction in vertebral artery blood flow (VA) leads to increased sympathetic activity and thus increases MAP. In twenty‐two young (24 ± 3 years; mean ± SD) and eleven elderly (70 ± 5 years) normotensive men, duplex ultrasound evaluated whether the age‐related reduction in CBF affects VA more than internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow. Pulse‐contour analysis evaluated MAP while near‐infrared spectroscopy determined frontal lobe oxygenation and transcranial Doppler middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCA Vmean). During supine rest, MAP (90 ± 13 versus 78 ± 9 mmHg; P<0·001) was elevated in the older subjects while their frontal lobe oxygenation (68 ± 7% versus 77 ± 7%; P<0·001), MCA Vmean (49 ± 9 versus 60 ± 12 cm s−1; P = 0·016) and CBF (754 ± 112 versus 900 ± 144 ml min−1; P = 0·004) were low reflected in VA (138 ± 48 versus 219 ± 50 ml min−1; P<0·001) rather than in ICA flow (616 ± 96 versus 680 ± 120 ml min−1; P = 0·099). In conclusion, blood supply to the brain and its oxygenation are affected by ageing and the age‐related decline in VA flow appears to be four times as large as that in ICA and could be important for the age‐related increase in MAP.
Muir‐Torre syndrome appropriate use criteria: Effect of patient age on appropriate use scores
Authors:   Task Force/Committee Members, Vidal Claudia I. , Sutton Angela , Armbrect Eric A. , Lee Jason B. , Litzner Brandon R. , Hurley M. Yadira ,   Rating Panel, Alam Murad , Duncan Lyn M. , Elston Dirk M. , Emanuel Patrick O. , Ferringer Tammie , Fung Maxwell A. , Hosler Gregory A. , Lazar Alexander J. , Lowe Lori , Plaza Jose A. , Robinson June K. , Schaffer Andras 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundMuir‐Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare inherited syndrome, with an increased risk of sebaceous and visceral malignancy. Prior reports suggest screening for mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency may be warranted in patients <50 years and when sebaceous neoplasms are located on a non‐head and neck location. Previously, appropriate use criteria (AUC) were developed for clinical scenarios in patients >60 years concerning the use of MMR protein immunohistochemistry (MMRP‐IHC). This analysis explores the appropriateness of testing in patients ≤60 years.MethodsPanel raters from the AUC Task Force rated the use of MMRP‐IHC testing for MTS for previously rated scenarios with the only difference being age.ResultsResults verify the previously developed AUC for the use of MMRP‐IHC in neoplasms associated with MTS in patients >60 years. Results also show that in patients ≤60 years with a single sebaceous tumor on a non‐head and neck site, MMRP‐IHC testing should be considered. Testing can also be considered with a 2‐antibody panel on periocular sebaceous carcinoma in younger patients.ConclusionsOur findings align with known evidence supporting the need to incorporate clinical parameters in identifying patients at risk for MTS, with age being a factor when considering MMRP‐IHC testing.
Component Procurement for an Assembly Supply Chain with Random Capacities and Random Demand
Authors: Cao Xinyan , Fang Xiang 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn a decentralized assembly supply chain, one assembler assembles a set of n components, each produced by a different supplier, into a final product to meet an uncertain market demand. Each supplier faces an uncertain production capacity such that only the lesser of the planned production quantity and the realized capacity can be delivered to the assembler. We assume that the suppliers' random capacities and the random demand follow an arbitrary continuous multivariate distribution. We formulate the problem as a two‐stage Stackelberg game. In the base model, the assembler and the suppliers adopt a so‐called vendor‐managed‐consigned‐inventory (VMCI) contract. We analytically characterize the equilibrium of this game, based on which we obtain several managerial insights. Particularly, we show that a reduction in one supplier's production cost or capacity uncertainty, or an increase in the component salvage value, might sometimes hurt this particular supplier's profitability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that when the suppliers' capacities become more positively correlated, the assembler is always better off, but the suppliers might be better or worse off. Later, in the article, we also solve the game under a wholesale price contract. We find that the assembler always prefers the VMCI contract, and the suppliers always prefer the wholesale price contract. In addition, we illustrate that the VMCI contract is more efficient than the wholesale price contract for this decentralized assembly supply chain.
Prospective association between late evening food consumption and risk of prediabetes and diabetes: the Whitehall II cohort study
Authors: Færch K. , Quist J. S. , Hulman A. , Witte D. R. , Tabak A. G. , Brunner E. J. , Kivimäki M. , Jørgensen M. E. , Panda S. , Vistisen D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsWe examined whether late evening food consumption was prospectively associated with the risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes in a large observational study of individuals with normoglycaemia.MethodsParticipants were 2642 men and women with normoglycaemia (HbA1c < 39 mmol/mol; < 5.7%) from the Whitehall II study. Time of last eating episode (TLEE) before the examination day was assessed at baseline. We studied the associations of TLEE with 5‐year changes in HbA1c and risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 39 mmol/mol; ≥ 5.7%). Potential heterogeneity in the association between TLEE and prediabetes or diabetes was examined using recursive partitioning modelling for time‐to‐event outcomes.ResultsThere was a tendency of an overall association of TLEE with change in HbA1c but with little effect size [β per 1‐h increase in TLEE = 0.2 mmol/mol, 95% CI −0.0 to 0.3 (0.01%, −0.00 to 0.03); P = 0.055] and no association with the risk of developing prediabetes/diabetes (risk ratio per 1‐h increase in TLEE = 1.03, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.13; P = 0.511). According to the recursive partitioning modelling, women with HbA1c ≤ 36 mmol/mol and TLEE after 21:00 had a 1.51 times (95% CI 1.16 to 1.93) higher 5‐year risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes than those having their TLEE between 16:00 and 21:00 (35.4% vs. 23.5%; P = 0.003).ConclusionsThere was no overall association of TLEE with the development of prediabetes or diabetes in the Whitehall II population. However, explorative analyses suggested that eating late in the evening was associated with increased risk of developing prediabetes/diabetes among women with good glycaemic control. Whether restricting late evening food consumption is effective and feasible for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes needs testing in randomized controlled trials.
Mitochondrial complex I NUBPL mutations cause combined dystonia with bilateral striatal necrosis and cerebellar atrophy
Authors: Balint B. , Charlesworth G. , Stamelou M. , Carr L. , Mencacci N. E. , Wood N. W. , Bhatia K. P. 
Published: March 2019

Background and purposeThe recent advances in genetics have helped to unravel the cause of many dystonia syndromes. With the broadening spectrum of genetically defined dystonia syndromes, distinct clinico‐radiological phenotypes are a welcome handle to guide the diagnostic work‐up.MethodsExome sequencing was used to elucidate the genetic cause of a syndrome characterized by generalized dystonia, pyramidal and cerebellar involvement, with bilateral striatal necrosis (BSN) and cerebellar atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging. Homozygosity mapping and linkage analysis were used in a supportive role. Known genetic causes of BSN were excluded by use of exome data or Sanger sequencing.ResultsCompound heterozygous mutations were identified in the NUBPL gene in a small UK kindred. The gene lay in a region of positive linkage and segregated with disease in a family of six individuals.ConclusionNUBPL mutations cause early onset, autosomal recessive generalized dystonia with cerebellar ataxia, pyramidal signs, preserved cognition and a distinct magnetic resonance imaging appearance with BSN and cerebellar atrophy.
Effect of molding pressure on structural and densification behavior of microwave‐sintered ceramic tool material
Authors: Yin Zengbin , Ye Jiadong , Hong Dongbo , Xu Weiwei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe die‐pressed Al2O3‐based ceramic compacts for microwave sintering were prepared using uniaxial molding pressure. Effect of molding pressure on density distribution, microstructure, and mechanical properties of both green and sintered compacts were studied by simulation and experiments. The results suggested that the density distribution of green compact showed obvious stratification phenomenon as the pressure increased. High pressure could increase the density of green compact but led to large density variation. Cracks were formed within the sintered compact due to the severe stress concentration at high molding pressure. Better mechanical properties were obtained at the pressure of 200‐300°MPa. The optimal mechanical properties of Al2O3/Ti(C,N) ceramic tool were obtained at 1550°C with the soaking time of 10 minutes, which were as high as that of conventional sintering, but the sintering period was sharply shortened.
Variation in public‐funded bariatric surgery intervention rate by New Zealand region
Authors: Murphy Rinki , Ghafel Mazin , Beban Grant , Booth Michael , Bartholomew Karen , Sandiford Peter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInequitable access to bariatric surgery by geographical region has been reported internationally, but comparable data on provision of bariatric surgery have not previously been reported in New Zealand. We examined allocated funding and provision of bariatric surgery amongst different regions in New Zealand in the 2013/14 year, and found that there was large variation in both. This highlights that public funded bariatric surgery needs to take into account population prevalence of morbid obesity to reduce inequities by geographical region.
Hydrogen evolution promotion of Au‐nanoparticles‐decorated TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared by dip‐loading approach
Authors: Zhang Dainan , Chen Jiahui , Deng Peng , Wang Xiaoyi , Li Yuanpeng , Wen Tianlong , Li Yuanxun , Xiang Quanjun , Liao Yulong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAu nanoparticle (NPs)@TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) heterostructured films with enhanced H2 generation rate under full spectrum were synthesized, by using a controllable and facile dip‐loading approach. Size of the Au NPs was well‐distributed around 7 nm, and the TiO2 NTAs were found vertically aligned. Due to LSPR effect and Schottky contact, the as‐prepared Au NPs@TiO2 NTAs heterostructured films exhibited improved H2 generation abilities as well as photocatalytic degradation abilities. H2 evolution rate of the obtained samples (effective area: 5.25 cm2) reached 74.56 μmol/h, which was 38 times higher than that of the raw TiO2 NTAs. And the Au NPs@TiO2 NTAs samples also showed an obvious advantage over the raw TiO2 NTAs, in methyl orange degradation under UV illumination. Repetition experiments were further carried out to ensure the dip‐loading method was a reliable fabrication process, and the amount of Au particles attached on TiO2 tube walls could be manipulated by changing the dip‐loading cycle times.
0D CoP cocatalyst/ 2D g‐C3N4 nanosheets: An efficient photocatalyst for promoting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Han Changcun , Zhang Tong , Cai Qijun , Ma Chonghao , Tong Zhengfu , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this work, cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles were successfully decorated on an ultrathin g‐C3N4 nanosheet photocatalysts by in situ chemical deposition. The built‐in electric field formed by heterojunction interface of the CoP/g‐C3N4 composite semiconductor can accelerate the transmission and separation of photogenerated charge‐hole pairs and effectively improve the photocatalytic performance. TEM, HRTEM, XPS, and SPV analysis showed that CoP/g‐C3N4 formed a stable heterogeneous interface and effectively enhanced photogenerated electron‐hole separation. UV‐vis DRS analysis showed that the composite had enhanced visible light absorption than pure g‐C3N4 and was a visible light driven photocatalyst. In this process, NaH2PO2 and CoCl2 are used as the source of P and Co, and typical preparation of CoP can be completed within 3 hours. Under visible light irradiation, the optimal H2 evolution rate of 3.0 mol% CoP/g‐C3N4 is about 15.1 μmol h−1. The photocatalytic activity and stability of the CoP/g‐C3N4 materials were evaluated by photocatalytic decomposition of water. The intrinsic relationship between the microstructure of the composite catalyst and the photocatalytic performance was analyzed to reveal the photocatalytic reaction mechanism.
Macrophage‐specific hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α deletion suppresses the development of liver tumors in high‐fat diet‐fed obese and diabetic mice
Authors: Takikawa Akiko , Usui Isao , Fujisaka Shiho , Tsuneyama Koichi , Okabe Keisuke , Nakagawa Takashi , Nawaz Allah , Kado Tomonobu , Jojima Teruo , Aso Yoshimasa , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Yagi Kunikimi , Tobe Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionChronic inflammation of the liver is often observed with obesity or type 2 diabetes. In these pathological conditions, the immunological cells, such as macrophages, play important roles in the development or growth of liver cancer. Recently, it was reported that hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) is a key molecule for the acquisition of inflammatory M1 polarity of macrophages. In the present study, we examined the effects of altered macrophage polarity on obesity‐ and diabetes‐associated liver cancer using macrophage‐specific HIF‐1α knockout (KO) mice.Materials and MethodsTo induce liver cancer in the mice, diethylnitrosamine, a chemical carcinogen, was used. Both KO mice and wild‐type littermates were fed either a high‐fat diet (HFD) or normal chow. They were mainly analyzed 6 months after HFD feeding.ResultsDevelopment of liver cancer after HFD feeding was 45% less in KO mice than in wild‐type littermates mice. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 2 was also lower in the liver of KO mice. Those effects of HIF‐1α deletion in macrophages were not observed in normal chow‐fed mice. Furthermore, the size of liver tumors did not differ between KO and wild‐type littermates mice, even those on a HFD. These results suggest that the activation of macrophage HIF‐1α by HFD is involved not in the growth, but in the development of liver cancer with the enhanced oncogenic extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 2 signaling in hepatocytes.ConclusionsThe activation of macrophage HIF‐1α might play important roles in the development of liver cancer associated with diet‐induced obesity and diabetes.
Metabolic syndrome in a sample of Egyptian adolescent girls and its association with apolipoprotein E
Authors: Hassan Nayera E , El Ashmawi Abeer A , El‐Masry Sahar A , Zarouk Waheba A , Mira Marwa F , El‐Saeed Gamila SM , Dwidar Omar H 
Published: March 2019

AimObesity and its metabolic complications are increasing in childhood and extend to adulthood. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample of Egyptian adolescent girls and investigate its association with apolipoprotein E.MethodsA cross‐sectional study design was used, including 200 Egyptian adolescent girls aged between 12 and 18 years. They were subjected to blood pressure (BP) measurement, anthropometric measurements (weight, height and waist circumference (WC)), laboratory investigations (fasting glucose and lipid profile) and molecular analysis (Apo E).ResultsOverweight/obese girls were suffering significantly, more than normal‐weight girls, from hypertension (66.7 vs. 40.8%), diabetes diagnosed by elevated fasting blood glucose (46.7 vs. 31.2%) and low high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) (64 vs. 59.2%). Girls with MS had significantly higher values of body mass index Z‐score, WC, BP, cholesterol and triglycerides and significantly lower HDL. Allele E3 (59.1 vs. 55.1%) was more frequent among girls with MS, while allele E4 (41 vs. 36.4) was more frequent among girls without MS. MS was the most prominent among girls with the E3/E4 genotype (35.7%), who had the highest frequency of elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein and blood glucose, while girls with the E2/E4 genotype, which was rare among both groups, had the highest frequency of elevated BP (68.8%) and low HDL (71.4%).ConclusionMS was significantly more prominent among overweight/obese adolescent girls with the E3/E4 genotype, who had the highest frequency of disturbed lipid profile and blood glucose.
Friedelane‐type triterpene cyclase in celastrol biosynthesis from Tripterygium wilfordii and its application for triterpenes biosynthesis in yeast
Authors: Zhou Jiawei , Hu Tianyuan , Gao Linhui , Su Ping , Zhang Yifeng , Zhao Yujun , Chen Shang , Tu Lichan , Song Yadi , Wang Xing , Huang Luqi , Gao Wei 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Celastrol is a promising bioactive compound isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii and has been shown to possess many encouraging preclinical applications. However, the celastrol biosynthetic pathway is poorly understood, especially the key oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) enzyme responsible for cyclisation of the main scaffold.

Here, we report on the isolation and characterisation of three OSCs from T. wilfordii: TwOSC1, TwOSC2 and TwOSC3. Both TwOSC1 and TwOSC3 were multiproduct friedelin synthases, while TwOSC2 was a β‐amyrin synthase.

We further found that TwOSC1 and TwOSC3 were involved in the biosynthesis of celastrol and that their common product, friedelin, was a precursor of celastrol. We then reconstituted the biosynthetic pathway of friedelin in engineered yeast constructed by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, with protein modification and medium optimisation, leading to heterologous production of friedelin at 37.07 mg l−1 in a shake flask culture.

Our study was the first to identify the genes responsible for biosynthesis of the main scaffold of celastrol and other triterpenes in T. wilfordii. As friedelin has been found in many plants, the results and approaches described here have laid a solid foundation for further explaining the biosynthesis of celastrol and related triterpenoids. Moreover, our results provide insights for metabolic engineering of friedelane‐type triterpenes.
Improving plant allometry by fusing forest models and remote sensing
Authors: Fischer Fabian Jörg , Maréchaux Isabelle , Chave Jérôme 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAllometry determines how tree shape and function scale with each other, related through size. Allometric relationships help scale processes from the individual to the global scale and constitute a core component of vegetation models. Allometric relationships have been expected to emerge from optimisation theory, yet this does not suitably predict empirical data. Here we argue that the fusion of high‐resolution data, such as those derived from airborne laser scanning, with individual‐based forest modelling offers insight into how plant size contributes to large‐scale biogeochemical processes. We review the challenges in allometric scaling, how they can be tackled by advances in data‐model fusion, and how individual‐based models can serve as data integrators for dynamic global vegetation models.
Prevalence of infant and maternal anemia during the lactation period in Japan
Authors: Amano Izuki , Murakami Ayako 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe perinatal period is associated with a high risk of infant anemia. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of infant and maternal anemia during the late lactation period and the risk factors for anemia in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was based on data from health checkups of healthy infants at 6–7 and 9–10 months of age and their mothers who visited Akitsu Children's Clinic between September 2013 and August 2015. Complete blood count data from infant blood samples obtained at 6–7 months and 9–10 months and from maternal blood samples obtained at 6–7 months, information on feeding methods, and other related parameters were analyzed.ResultsData from 388 mother–infant pairs were analyzed. The prevalence of infant anemia was 21.1% at 6–7 months and 29.1% at 9–10 months. The prevalence of anemia in exclusively breast‐fed infants was 28.4% at 6–7 months and 40.0% at 9–10 months. The risk factors for infant anemia at 9–10 months were exclusive breast‐feeding, lower gestational age at birth, male sex, and high weight gain. The prevalence of maternal anemia was 10.5%. There was no correlation between infant and maternal hemoglobin in exclusively breast‐fed infants.ConclusionsJapanese infants who were breast‐fed exclusively had a high prevalence of anemia. A nationwide strategy to prevent anemia is required to prevent infant anemia, even in a nutrition‐rich country such as Japan.
Evolutionary history of stomach bot flies in the light of mitogenomics
Authors: Yan Liping , Pape Thomas , Elgar Mark A. , Gao Yunyun , Zhang Dong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStomach bot flies (Calyptratae: Oestridae, Gasterophilinae) are obligate endoparasitoids of Proboscidea (i.e. elephants), Rhinocerotidae (i.e. rhinos) and Equidae (i.e. horses and zebras, etc.), with their larvae developing in the digestive tract of hosts with very strong host specificity. They represent an extremely unusual diversity among dipteran, or even insect parasites in general, and therefore provide significant insights into the evolution of parasitism. The phylogeny of stomach bot flies was reconstructed based on extensive mitochondrial genomic data for Cobboldia, Gyrostigma and six of the eight known species of Gasterophilus. The phylogenetic tree, i.e. {Cobboldia, [Gyrostigma, (Gasterophilus pecorum, (Gasterophilus intestinalis, (Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis, Gasterophilus inermis)), (Gasterophilus nasalis, Gasterophilus nigricornis))]}, provides a strong evolutionary reference to infer several biological patterns for the first time for this group: (i) host shifts of stomach bot flies from elephants to rhinoceroses and then from rhinoceroses to equids; (ii) dispersal with their hosts from the Afrotropical region into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions; (iii) oviposition site, originally on the host head, and egg production positively correlated with distance from the mouth; (iv) attachment of third‐instar larva originally in the stomach, with duodenal and large intestinal positions secondarily derived; and (v) guanine and cytosine enrichment of the mitogenome as an adaptation to larval life in the warm environment of the host digestive tract, combined with the need for a high evolutionary rate to cope with the fast evolution of their mammalian hosts.