bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunophenotypic characteristics of brain metastases
Authors: Demyashkin G. A. , Shalamova E. A. , Nikitin P. V. , Bogomolov S. N. 
Published: December 2018

Up to 15% of patients with secondary brain tumors of unknown primary are admitted to a neurosurgery department. Identification of a primary tumor site on the basis of surgical material immunophenotyping in routine clinical practice has a significant potential; however, this requires systematization.Objective: to detect the primary focus of brain carcinoma. Patients and methods.Surgical specimens from 7 patients with brain tumor of unknown primary were investigated using light optical microscopy and an immunohistochemical (IHC) panel including EMA, CK AE1/3, CK7, CK5/6, GFAP, S-100, Vimentin, p63, TTF-1, Uroplakin III (UPIII), CDX2, and Her2/neu.Results and discussion. A study using the IHC panel made it possible to obtain the following tumor phenotypes in the patients: CK5/6+, p63+, CK7+, UPIII+ (urothelial cancer) (n=3); CK5/6-, CK7+, TTF-1+, CDX2- (lung adenocarcinoma) (n=2); CK5/6+, p63+, CK7-, UPIII, TTF-1- (squamous cell carcinoma) (n=1), and CK5/6-, CK7+, TTF-1-, CDX2-, Her2/neu+ (breast cancer) (n=1). Evidence of the primary focus of the tumors was subsequently confirmed by instrumental techniques in all cases when cancer of the breast, lung and urinary system was directly sought. The findings were used to elaborate an algorithm for the differential diagnostic immunophenotyping of brain metastases.Conclusion. The primary focus of brain carcinoma was detected in all cases on the proposed IHC panel. The systematized algorithm for differential diagnostic immunophenotyping can be used in clinical practice.
Cognitive and motor training for patients with moderate cognitive impairment and mild dementia
Authors: Naumenko A. A. , Preobrazhenskaya I. S. 
Published: December 2018

Objective:to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive and motor training as an additional method to basic therapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 41 patients (15 women and 26 men; mean age. 73.59+6.3 years), including 32 patients with AD (mean age 74.94+5.15 years) and 9 patients with VCI (mean age, 72.31+4.98 years). Cognitive impairment (CI) corresponded to mild dementia in 15patients (5 women and 10 men; mean age 74.6+2.8years) and to moderate dementia in 29 (10 women and 19 men; mean age 72.1+3.2 years). The patients were randomly assigned to individual, group, and mixed (individual and then group) cognitive training groups. Quantitative scales were used to assess changes in CI and emotional and behavioral disorders after 1.5, 3, and 6 months of therapy.Results and discussion. During cognitive and motor training, all the groups showed a significant decrease in the severity of CI (p < 0.05), depression, anxiety, and apathy. The effectiveness of the training was further influenced by the severity of concomitant cardiovascular disease, the degree of apathy, adherence to the training, and the early initiation of basic symptomatic therapy.The greatest positive changes in anxiety and depressive disorders were noted in the patients receiving group cognitive and motor training.Conclusion. The results of the investigation allow group cognitive and motor training to be recommended as a mainstay in the therapy of patients with CI concurrent with emotional disorders.
Soil-meteorological measurements at ICOS monitoring stations in terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: de Beeck Maarten Op , Gielen Bert , Merbold Lutz , Ayres Edward , Serrano-Ortiz Penelope , Acosta Manuel , Pavelka Marian , Montagnani Leonardo , Nilsson Mats , Klemedtsson Leif , Vincke Caroline , De Ligne Anne , Moureaux Christine , Marańon-Jimenez Sara , Saunders Matthew , Mereu Simone , Hörtnagl Lukas 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Integrated Carbon Observation System is a pan-European research infrastructure providing standardized, long-term observations of greenhouse gas concentrations and earth-atmosphere greenhouse gas interactions. The terrestrial component of Integrated Carbon Observation System comprises a network of monitoring stations in terrestrial ecosystems where the principal activity is the measurement of ecosystem-atmosphere fluxes of greenhouse gases and energy by means of the eddy covariance technique. At each station a large set of ancillary variables needed for the interpretation of observed fluxes and for process studies is additionally monitored. This set includes a subset of variables that describe the thermal and moisture conditions of the soil and which are here conveniently referred to as soil-meteorological variables: soil temperature, volumetric soil water content, water table depth, and soil heat flux density. This paper describes the standard methodology that has been developped for the monitoring of these variables at the ecosystem stations.
Standardized precipitation measurements within ICOS: rain, snowfall and snow depth: a review
Authors: Dengel Sigrid , Graf Alexander , Grünwald Thomas , Hehn Markus , Kolari Pasi , Löfvenius Mikaell Ottosson , Merbold Lutz , Nicolini Giacomo , Pavelka Marian 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Precipitation is one of the most important abiotic variables related to plant growth. Using standardised measurements improves the comparability and quality of precipitation data as well as all other data within the Integrated Carbon Observation System network. Despite the spatial and temporal variation of some types of precipitation, a single point measurement satisfies the requirement as an ancillary variable for eddy covariance measurements. Here the term precipitation includes: rain, snowfall (liquid water equivalent) and snow depth, with the latter two being of interest only where occurring. Weighing gauges defined as Integrated Carbon Observation System standard with the capacity of continuously measuring liquid and solid precipitation are installed free-standing, away from obstacles obstructing rain or snowfall. In order to minimise wind-induced errors, gauges are shielded either naturally or artificially to reduce the adverse effect of wind speed on the measurements. Following standardised methods strengthens the compatibility and comparability of data with other standardised environmental observation networks while opening the possibility for synthesis studies of different precipitation measurement methodologies and types including a wide range of ecosystems and geolocations across Europe.
Constitutional features of females with different types of obesity
Authors: Filatova O. , Polovinkin S. , Baklanova E. , Plyasova I. , Burtsev Yu. 
Published: December 2018

<p>We investigated 214 females aged 35-73 years. We divided them into groups of reproductive and menopausal age. We used methods of anthropometry and bioimpedanceometry. We performed somatotyping according to the schemes of Rees-Eisenck, Tanner. The proportion of obese individuals significantly increased in the menopausal period. The body mass index was higher in the group of menopausal females with android obesity. The higher body weight in the same group was caused by the higher fat mass of the body in both absolute and relative magnitudes. The index of normalized basal metabolism based on bioimpedanceometry was lower in women with android obesity. The groups studied did not differ in the proportion of somatotypes according to the Tanner classification. The percentage of pyknic bodies was higher in females with android obesity. The trend of obesity risk in pyknics was 1.5 times higher (p = 0.182). The risk of developing android obesity in pyknics was higher by 4.7 times (p &lt;0.001).</p><p> </p>
INFLUENCE OF CYCLOFERON ON THE CELLULAR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INTERFERON-α2 IN VITRO IN PATIENTS WITH INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS CAUSED BY EPSTEIN– BARR VIRUS
Authors: Kurtasova L. M. , Shakina N. A. , Smidt A. R. , Ikkes L. A. 
Published: December 2018

Our aim was to study the effect of cycloferon on in vitro susceptibility of peripheral blood leukocytes to interferon-α2 in children with infectious mononucleosis in acute phase caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Materials and methods were as follows: the study included 23 children 4 to 6 years of age admitted in acute period of infectious mononucleosis. The control group consisted of 15 healthy children of the same age group. In vitro susceptibility of peripheral blood leukocytes to interferon-α2 was determined by the method of L.M. Kurtasova (2007).Four types of in vitro response of peripheral blood leukocytes to interferon-α2 upon induction by cycloferon have been revealed in both healthy children and patients with EBV-positive infectious mononucleosis. Differences in occurrence rates of these 4 types of reactions have been found among patients with EBVinfection, in comparison with the group of healthy children. There was no regular dose-dependent changes in susceptibility of peripheral blood leukocytes to interferon-α2 in vitro after cycloferon induction in the group of children with EBV-infection. depending on the dose, which have been revealed in healthy children.
SOLUBLE ADHESION MOLECULES IN CHILDREN WITH HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME
Authors: Pankratenko T. E. , Moskalets O. V. , Abaseeva T. Yu. 
Published: December 2018

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrom (aHUS) is a rare severe life-threatening form of thrombotic microangiopathy. aHUS is thought to be primarily mediated by dysfunctional complement regulation, due to mutations or genetic rearrangement of the complement components, or regulatory factors, as well as autoantibody production to the complement factors. These alterations promote uncontrolled complement activation by the alternative pathway on the surface of endothelial cells, followed by endothelial dysfunction, microthrombosis and organ damage, especially, renal pathology. Many studies showed that the biomarkers of endothelial activation/dysfunction including intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule type 1 (VCAM-1) were associated with severe disease and could predict complications and clinical outcomes in different disorders. Increase of these biomarkers was observed in aHUS as well. Until recently, aHUS resulted in unfavorable outcomes, with high death rates in acute phase, and up to 2/3 patients progressed to the end-stage renal failure. Understanding the role of complement dysregulation in aHUS pathogenesis has led to major changes in therapeutic approaches. Eculizumab (a humanized anti-C5 monoclonal antibody) inhibits the terminal complement pathway. This drug has revolutionized treatment and improved prognosis in aHUS. Those patients who received eculizumab have shown sharp decreae in the C3 levels. However, the questions concerning duration of targeted therapy inremission still remains unclear.The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum С3, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 levels in the children with aHUS remission supported by eculizumab maintenance treatment, or without it. Serum C3, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels were determined in 25 children with aHUS (14 treated with eculizumab and 15, without eculizumab). A control group included 17 children with a history of typical HUS. Serum levels of C3, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were within normal age ranges in all the groups. The children treated with eculizumab showed decreased C3 levels (99±20 mg/l vs 112±15 mg/l, and 123±40 mg/l, respectively), and increased sICAM-1 levels (483±103 ng/ ml vs 343±50 ng/ml and 401±91 ng/ml, respectively) compared to other groups (p < 0.05). No differences in sVCAM-1 levels were revealed in the groups. Hence, no signs of subclinical complement activation or endothelial disfunction were revealed in the group free of eculizumab therapy. Normal C3, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels in blood indicate that normal endothelial state could be restored in aHUS, and this condition is maintained after discontinuation of the targeted therapy. Our results suggest that C3, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 monitoring may be useful for further management of these patients and for prediction of relapses.
IL4-589C>T GENE POLYMORPHISM AND EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN-4 IN PATIENTS WITH DEVELOPING CHRONIC TRAUMATIC OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Miromanov A. M. , Mironova O. B. , Miromanova N. A. 
Published: December 2018

Our aimwas to study the influence of IL4-589C>T gene polymorphism on IL-4 expression in patients, living in Zabaikalsky Region with a diagnosis of chronic traumatic osteomyelitis developing after fractures of long bones of extremities.The study included 132 patients with fractures of long bones at the age of 20 to 40 years old. The first group consisted of 83 patients with uncomplicated course of fractures; the second group (n = 49) included patients with chronic traumatic osteomyelitis healed by primary wound closure, however, developing chronic traumatic osteomyelitis over late postoperative period. The control group consisted of 100 practically healthy men and women of the same age group. These groups were homogeneous and similar by age, sex, origin and localization of fractures. Presence of acute or chronic comorbidities was the exclusion criterion. We applied clinical examination, instrumental tests (X-ray studies), laboratory methods (microbiological, immunological, ELISA for IL-4 measurement). IL-4 point mutation at position 589 (C>T) was tested by PCR; the DNA for this analysis was extracted from peripheral blood. The genetic studies were performed when patients entered the hospital. IL-4 contents, clinical and instrumental indicators were detected on 1, 2, 10 and 90 days after fracture. Resultsof the study were as follows: the frequency of the C allele and the homozygous genotype of the IL4- 589C>T gene in the patients with complicated clinical course was decreased 1.7- and 3.6-fold compared with the comparison clinical group, respectively. Frequency of T allele, by contrast, increased 3.7-fold, whereas heterozygous and mutant genotypes were changed 2.5 and 15 times against the comparison group. The persons from control group with IL4-589C/C genotype, showed a 1.4- and 2.5-fld increased IL-4 concentration as compared with the carriers of the -589C/T and -589T/T genotypes, respectively, and in -589C C/T genotype, 1.7-fold compared to -589Т/T genotype. A similar trend of IL-4 expression, depending on the IL4 genotype, was recorded in the group with both uncomplicated and complicated course of fractures. In conclusion, the patients with developing traumatic osteomyelitis showed ncreased frequency of the IL4 -589T allele (3.7-fold as compared with uncomplicated group). Meanwhile, higher frequency of the -589C/T -589T/T genotypes of the IL4 gene were registered. Genotype -589T/T of the IL4 gene is associated with lower IL-4 expression.
IMMUNOLOGICAL IMBALANCE IN BREAST CANCER AND LUNG CANCER IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Glushkov A. N. , Polenok E. G. , Gordeeva L. A. , Mun S. A. , Kostyanko M. V. , Antonov A. V. , Titov V. A. , Verzhbitskaya N. E. , Vafin I. A. 
Published: December 2018

Previous studies reported some associations between class A antibodies specific for benzo[a]pyrene (IgA-Bp), estradiol (IgA-Es) and progesterone (IgA-Pg) and breast cancer (BC) in women like as with lung cancer (LC) in men. It was suggested that IgA-Bp and IgA-Es may stimulate tumor initiation and promotion, whereas IgA-Pg may inhibit the in vivo human carcinogenesis.The purpose of this study was to identify the suggested associations of such immunological imbalance with BC and LC in postmenopausal women.The serum A-class antibodies specific to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone (IgA-Bp, IgA-Es, IgA- Pg) were studied in 335 healthy women, 824 breast cancer (BC) patients and 127 cases of lung cancer (LC) by means of non-competitive solid phase immunoassay. The following results were obtained: Increased ratio of IgA-Bp and IgA-Es amounts exceeding the IgA-Pg levels was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (OR = 2.8 and 2.4 respectively, p < 0.0001), and higher risk of LC (OR = 2.9 and 2.8, respectively, p < 0.0001). Conversely, the OR values decreased to 0.3-0.4 for BC and LC if IgA-Pg levels were higher than IgA-Bp and IgA-Es levels (p < 0.0001). These findings confirm the hypothesis that IgA-Bp and IgA-Es are capable to stimulate, and IgA-Pg, to inhibit the BC and LC occurrence n postmenopausal women. The balance between IgA-Bp and IgA-Es, on the one hand, and IgA-Pg, on the other hand, is much more important than individual contents of these antibodies.In conclusion, the phenomenon of “immunological interference” is revealed, i.e., the mutual enhancement of IgA-Bp and IgA-Es effects, thus, probably, stimulating the initial and subsequent events of carcinogenesis initiation and promotion, with a weak anticancer effect of IgA-Pg, and by weakening the mutual procarcinogenic effects of IgA-Bp and IgA-Es by the marked effect of IgA-Pg.
COMPARISON OF COLORIMETRIC AND CHEMILUMINESCENT ELISA TESTS FOR DETECTION OF IgG ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN EPO IN THE SERA OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: Kudryashova A. M. , Mikhailova N. A. , Borisova O. V. 
Published: December 2018

Production of antibodies to erythropoietin-stimulating drugs is an important problem of therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO). It leads to changes in the pharmacokinetic profile and decreased therapeutic efficiency. Upon long-term treatment with EPO preparations, neutralizing antibodies can result in rare cases, thus leading to complete pure red cell aplasia. Hence, detection of antibodies to EPO is an important stage in the assessment of the drug immunogenicity in preclinical and clinical studies, as well as during the treatment with EPO. We have compared colorimetric and chemiluminescent ELISA tests for detection of IgG antibodies to human EPO with 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine – hydrogen peroxide and luminol -hydrogen peroxide detection systems, respectively. Аntibodies to human EPO were determined in blood serum samples of experimental animals, i.e., rabbits and guinea pigs following their immunization withdifferent doses of pegylated human recombinant EPO-beta subcutaneously or intravenously. The affinitypurified rabbit polyclonal antibodies to human EPO were used as a reference material. The effects of hydrogen peroxide and luminol concentrations upon sensitivity of a chemiluminescent method were also studied. We have shown a 1.5-2-fold increase in sensitivity when using 4-iodophenol for amplification of chemiluminescence. A comparison of the chemiluminescence intensity with time has demonstrated a better stability for the substrate mixture prepared on borate buffer. A decrease in chemiluminescence signal with time was proportional to the decrease in background signal, thus rendering stability of the signal/background ratio for 3 to 30 minutes. Due to optimizing the substrate mixture composition and conditions of chemiluminescence recording, the reached detection limits for colorimetric and chemiluminescent ELISA’s were, respectively, 0.6 ng/ml and 0.08 ng/ml. The measurement range was extended by more than 20 times for chemiluminescent ELISA. The chemiluminescent ELISA for anti-erythropoietin antibody detection showed a 1.9 to 2.6-fold increase in sensitivity for rabbit serum, and 1.8 to 8.9-fold for guinea pigs serum. Good correlation of results was found for quantitative detection of antibodies in rabbit sera using the two methods (R = 0.981). Thus, chemiluminescent ELISA allowed develop a more sensitive detection technique of IgG antibodies to human erythropoietin.
Kir4.1/Kir5.1 Activity Is Essential for Dietary Sodium Intake–Induced Modulation of Na-Cl Cotransporter
Authors: Wu Peng , Gao Zhong-Xiuzi , Su Xiao-Tong , Wang Ming-Xiao , Wang Wen-Hui , Lin Dao-Hong 
Published: December 2018

Significance Statement
Considerable evidence indicates that basolateral inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1/Kir5.1 is essential for membrane transport in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and that dietary sodium and potassium are important in regulating activity of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC). In mouse studies, the authors found that stimulation of NCC induced by sodium restriction was associated with increasing Kir4.1/Kir5.1 activity in the DCT and membrane hyperpolarization; NCC inhibition induced by high sodium intake was associated with decreasing Kir4.1/Kir5.1 activity in the DCT and membrane depolarization. In kidney-specific Kir4.1 knockout mice, the effect of dietary sodium on NCC activity was largely abolished, as were its effects on DCT membrane conductance and potential. The findings indicate that Kir4.1/Kir5.1 is essential for mediating dietary sodium intake–induced modulation of NCC function.

Background
Dietary sodium intake regulates the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). Whether the basolateral, inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1/Kir5.1 (a heterotetramer of Kir4.1/Kir5.1) in the DCT is essential for mediating the effect of dietary sodium intake on NCC activity is unknown.

Methods
We used electrophysiology, renal clearance techniques, and immunoblotting to examine effects of Kir4.1/Kir5.1 in the DCT and NCC in wild-type and kidney-specific Kir4.1 knockout mice.

Results
Low sodium intake stimulated basolateral Kir4.1/Kir5.1 activity, increased basolateral K+ conductance, and hyperpolarized the membrane. Conversely, high sodium intake inhibited the potassium channel, decreased basolateral K+ currents, and depolarized the membrane. Low sodium intake increased total and phosphorylated NCC expression and augmented hydrochlorothiazide-induced natriuresis; high sodium intake had opposite effects. Thus, elevated NCC activity induced by low sodium intake was associated with upregulation of Kir4.1/Kir5.1 activity in the DCT, whereas inhibition of NCC activity by high sodium intake was associated with diminished Kir4.1/Kir5.1 activity. In contrast, dietary sodium intake did not affect NCC activity in knockout mice. Further, Kir4.1 deletion not only abolished basolateral K+ conductance and depolarized the DCT membrane, but also abrogated the stimulating effects induced by low sodium intake on basolateral K+ conductance and hyperpolarization. Finally, dietary sodium intake did not alter urinary potassium excretion rate in hypokalemic knockout and wild-type mice.

Conclusions
Stimulation of Kir4.1/Kir5.1 by low intake of dietary sodium is essential for NCC upregulation, and inhibition of Kir4.1/Kir5.1 induced by high sodium intake is a key step for downregulation of NCC.
Les Guies de Treball com eines d'investigació
Authors: Andreu Montse , Andreu Agustí , Comas d'Argemir Dolors , Comelles Josep Maria 
Published: December 2018

L'organització de l'Arxiu d'Etnografia de Catalunya suposa una sèrie de feines prèvies, indispensables per garantir l'eficàcia del treball dels nostres col·laboradors, en la seva major part etnògrafs amateurs, folkloristes, o estudiants dels primers cursos de Facultat. Calia per a racionalitzar aquesta tasca, elaborar unes guies de treball sobre una sèrie de tòpics fàcils d'abastar, i que al mateix temps poguessin ésser copsats en la seva totalitat per un personal encara no totalment format en els mètodes i tècniques de camp.
Pío Navarro Alcalà-Zamora: Tratadillo de agricultura popular
Authors: González Ibáñez Mª Carmen 
Published: December 2018

Con este Tratadillo de agricultura popular, Pío Navarro lleva ya publicados dos libros que son fruto de un importante trabajo de campo (1972-73) y de un estudio a fondo de la comarca de la Alpujarra. El primer de ellos, publicado en 1979, es una monografía local: en “Mecina. La cambiante estructura social de un pueblo de la Alpujarra” se nos explican detalladamente los aspectos económico-sociales, las técnicas agrícolas, los ritos festivos y otras costumbres de esta localidad alpujarreña, y se nos intenta dar un modelo que explique su estructura social. Este segundo libro, Tratadillo de agricultura popular es resultado de aquel, un resumen de los modelos teóricos que se habían expuesto, esta vez generalizándolos a toda la comarca.