bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arctic river temperature dynamics in a changing climate
Authors: Docherty Catherine L. , Dugdale Stephen J. , Milner Alexander M. , Abermann Jakob , Lund Magnus , Hannah David M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClimate change in the Arctic is expected to have a major impact on stream ecosystems, affecting hydrological and thermal regimes. Although temperature is important to a range of in‐stream processes, previous Arctic stream temperature research is limited—focused on glacierised headwaters in summer—with limited attention to snowmelt streams and winter. This is the first high‐resolution study on stream temperature in north‐east Greenland (Zackenberg). Data were collected from five streams from September 2013 to September 2015 (24 months). During the winter, streams were largely frozen solid and water temperature variability low. Spring ice‐off date occurred simultaneously across all streams, but 11 days earlier in 2014 compared with 2015 due to thicker snow insulation. During summer, water temperature was highly variable and exhibited a strong relationship with meteorological variables, particularly incoming shortwave radiation and air temperature. Mean summer water temperature in these snowmelt streams was high compared with streams studied previously in Svalbard, yet was lower in Swedish Lapland, as was expected given latitude. With global warning, Arctic stream thermal variability may be less in summer and increased during the winter due to higher summer air temperature and elevated winter precipitation, and the spring and autumn ice‐on and ice‐off dates may extend the flowing water season—in turn affecting stream productivity and diversity.
Pore‐Scale Flow Characterization of Polymer Solutions in Microfluidic Porous Media
Authors: Browne Christopher A. , Shih Audrey , Datta Sujit S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolymer solutions are frequently used in enhanced oil recovery and groundwater remediation to improve the recovery of trapped nonaqueous fluids. However, applications are limited by an incomplete understanding of the flow in porous media. The tortuous pore structure imposes both shear and extension, which elongates polymers; moreover, the flow is often at large Weissenberg numbers, Wi, at which polymer elasticity in turn strongly alters the flow. This dynamic elongation can even produce flow instabilities with strong spatial and temporal fluctuations despite the low Reynolds number, Re. Unfortunately, macroscopic approaches are limited in their ability to characterize the pore‐scale flow. Thus, understanding how polymer conformations, flow dynamics, and pore geometry together determine these nontrivial flow patterns and impact macroscopic transport remains an outstanding challenge. This review describes how microfluidic tools can shed light on the physics underlying the flow of polymer solutions in porous media at high Wi and low Re. Specifically, microfluidic studies elucidate how steady and unsteady flow behavior depends on pore geometry and solution properties, and how polymer‐induced effects impact nonaqueous fluid recovery. This work thus provides new insights for polymer dynamics, non‐Newtonian fluid mechanics, and applications such as enhanced oil recovery and groundwater remediation.
The MyShake Platform: A Global Vision for Earthquake Early Warning
Authors: Allen Richard M. , Kong Qingkai , Martin-Short Robert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe MyShake Platform is an operational framework to provide earthquake early warning (EEW) to people in earthquake-prone regions. It is unique among approaches to EEW as it is built on existing smartphone technology to both detect earthquakes and issue warnings. It therefore has the potential to provide EEW wherever there are smartphones, and there are now smartphones wherever there are people. The MyShake framework can also integrate other sources of alerts and deliver them to users, as well and delivering its alerts through other channels as needed. The MyShake Platform builds on experience from the first 3 years of MyShake operation. Over 300,000 people around the globe have downloaded the MyShake app and participated in this citizen science project to detect earthquakes and provide seismic waveforms for research. These operations have shown that earthquakes can be detected, located, and the magnitude estimated ~ 5 to 7 s after the origin time, and alerts can be delivered to smartphones in ~ 1 to 5 s. A human-centered design process produced key insights to the needs of users that have been incorporated into MyShake2.0 which is being release for Android and iOS devices in June 2019. MyShake2.0 will also deliver EEW alerts, initially in California and hopes to expand service to other regions.
Association of Genetic Risk of Obesity with Postoperative Complications Using Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Robinson Jamie R. , Carroll Robert J. , Bastarache Lisa , Chen Qingxia , Mou Zongyang , Wei Wei‐Qi , Connolly John J. , Mentch Frank , Sleiman Patrick , Crane Paul K. , Hebbring Scott J. , Stanaway Ian B. , Crosslin David R. , Gordon Adam S. , Rosenthal Elisabeth A. , Carrell David , Hayes M. Geoffrey , Wei Wei , Petukhova Lynn , Namjou Bahram , Zhang Ge , Safarova Maya S. , Walton Nephi A. , Still Christopher , Bottinger Erwin P. , Loos Ruth J. F. , Murphy Shawn N. , Jackson Gretchen P. , Kullo Iftikhar J. , Hakonarson Hakon , Jarvik Gail P. , Larson Eric B. , Weng Chunhua , Roden Dan M. , Denny Joshua C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe extent to which obesity and genetics determine postoperative complications is incompletely understood.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study using two population cohorts with electronic health record (EHR) data. The first included 736,726 adults with body mass index (BMI) recorded between 1990 and 2017 at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The second cohort consisted of 65,174 individuals from 12 institutions contributing EHR and genome‐wide genotyping data to the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network. Pairwise logistic regression analyses were used to measure the association of BMI categories with postoperative complications derived from International Classification of Disease‐9 codes, including postoperative infection, incisional hernia, and intestinal obstruction. A genetic risk score was constructed from 97 obesity‐risk single‐nucleotide polymorphisms for a Mendelian randomization study to determine the association of genetic risk of obesity on postoperative complications. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for sex, age, site, and race/principal components.ResultsIndividuals with overweight or obese BMI (≥25 kg/m2) had increased risk of incisional hernia (odds ratio [OR] 1.7–5.5, p < 3.1 × 10−20), and people with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) had increased risk of postoperative infection (OR 1.2–2.3, p < 2.5 × 10−5). In the eMERGE cohort, genetically predicted BMI was associated with incisional hernia (OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.8–2.5], p = 1.4 × 10−6) and postoperative infection (OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.4–1.9], p = 3.1 × 10−6). Association findings were similar after limitation of the cohorts to those who underwent abdominal procedures.ConclusionsClinical and Mendelian randomization studies suggest that obesity, as measured by BMI, is associated with the development of postoperative incisional hernia and infection.
The effects of steamed ginger ethanolic extract on weight and body fat loss: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Park Soo-Hyun , Jung Su-Jin , Choi Eun-Kyung , Ha Ki-Chan , Baek Hyang-Im , Park Yu-Kyung , Han Kap-Hoon , Jeong Soon-Yeon , Oh Jung-Hee , Cha Youn-Soo , Park Byung-Hyun , Chae Soo-Wan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Steamed ginger ethanolic extract (SGE) is a product with a high 6-shogaol contents and is thought to be more potent than other ginger products. We conducted a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the effects of SGE on weight and body fat loss. Eighty healthy obese participants were recruited and randomly divided into the SGE and placebo groups. The outcome measures comprised indicators of efficacy (body weight, body mass index, body composition, and blood markers) and safety. Following the supplementation period, mean body weight, body mass index, and body fat level were significantly lower in the SGE group than in the placebo group. No clinically significant changes were observed for any safety parameter. These results suggest that SGE is a potent anti-obesity agent that does not cause significant side effects. Therefore, SGE supplementation combined with lifestyle modification could be effective in the management of body weight and fat mass.
Mass balance and metabolite profiling of 14C-guadecitabine in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Roosendaal Jeroen , Rosing Hilde , Lucas Luc , Gebretensae Abadi , Huitema Alwin D. R. , van Dongen Marloes G. , Beijnen Jos H. , Oganesian Aram 
Published: October 2019

SummaryPurposeThe objective of this mass balance trial was to determine the excretory pathways and metabolic profile of the novel anticancer agent guadecitabine in humans after administration of a14C-radiolabeled dose of guadecitabine.Experimental designIncluded patients received at least one cycle of 45 mg/m2guadecitabine subcutaneously as once-daily doses on Days 1 to 5 of a 28-day cycle, of which the 5th (last) dose in the first cycle was spiked with14C-radiolabeled guadecitabine. Using different mass spectrometric techniques in combination with off-line liquid scintillation counting, the exposure and excretion of14C-guadecitabine and metabolites in the systemic circulation, excreta, and intracellular target site were established.ResultsFive patients were enrolled in the mass balance trial.14C-guadecitabine radioactivity was rapidly and almost exclusively excreted in urine, with an average amount of radioactivity recovered of 90.2%. After uptake in the systemic circulation, guadecitabine was converted into ß-decitabine (active anomer), and from ß-decitabine into the presumably inactive metabolites M1-M5. All identified metabolites in plasma and urine were ß-decitabine related products, suggesting almost complete conversion via cleavage of the phosphodiester bond between ß-decitabine and deoxyguanosine prior to further elimination. ß-decitabine enters the intracellular activation pathway, leading to detectable ß-decitabine-triphosphate and DNA incorporated ß-decitabine levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, providing confirmation that the drug reaches its DNA target site.ConclusionThe metabolic and excretory pathways of guadecitabine and its metabolites were successfully characterized after subcutaneous guadecitabine administration in cancer patients. These data support the clinical evaluation of safety and efficacy of the subcutaneous guadecitabine drug product.
Nonlinear dynamics of self-organising bubble departures from twin nozzles
Authors: Dzienis P. , Mosdorf R. , Wyszkowski T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The nonlinear dynamics of self-organising bubble departures from twin nozzles in engine oils was analysed. Air bubbles were generated from twin brass nozzles with an inner diameter equal to 1 mm. The flow of bubbles in bubble chains was recorded using high-speed camera. The time series of air pressure oscillations and signal from laser–phototransistor identifying the presence of bubbles over the nozzles outlet were recorded simultaneously. The self-organising bubble departures were observed and their stability was analysed. It was found that self-organising bubble departures become unstable because of successive (during subsequent bubble departures) decrease of the mean air pressure in one of the nozzle air supply system. It was shown that instability of self-organising bubble departures leads to equalization of pressures in both nozzles air supply systems which causes that simultaneous bubble departures appear. In the present experiment, this process was repeated in a cyclic and chaotic way. It was shown that stable self-organising bubble departures are accompanied by periodic air pressure oscillations in one of the nozzles and chaotic air pressure oscillations in the second one.
Measuring Multidimensional Poverty According to National Definitions: Operationalising Target 1.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Pomati Marco , Nandy Shailen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe first Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) tasks countries with eradicating poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions. This presents considerable challenges for poverty researchers and national statistical offices charged with collecting data to monitor progress on meeting of this ambitious target. Our paper focuses on how the different dimensions of poverty might be mapped out, and compared, within and across heterogeneous countries and societies, using a method called the Consensual Approach to poverty measurement. It explains how the approach can inform different poverty measurement frameworks (e.g. rights based, capabilities or deprivation of basic needs approaches), how it has already been used successfully across low, middle- and high-income countries and sets out some key lessons and future challenges. The paper uses data from the demographic and health surveys (DHS) and World Bank’s Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire surveys to demonstrate cross- and intra-national consensus about what constitutes minimally acceptable living standards across several countries in West Africa; we suggest that existing survey platforms, like national household income and expenditure surveys, DHS or even UNICEF’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys could (with minor additions) be used to apply the Consensual Approach to measure multidimensional poverty in children and adults across countries, and thus aid reporting for the SDGs.
Groundwater Quality Patterns and Spatiotemporal Change in Depletion in the Regions of the Arabian Shield and Arabian Shelf
Authors: Fallatah Othman Abdurrahman 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGroundwater quality is a critical issue in arid and semiarid countries, where it is one of the most reliable sources of water on which people depend. Water quality is a vital concern in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as it affects the health of its people, the growth of its agriculture, and its economic development. In this study, the objectives were to: (1) investigate the depletion rate of groundwater storage (GWS) in the study area by using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data from April 2002 to April 2016 to quantify terrestrial water storage; (2) determine the ionic composition of cations and anions for 24 samples (12 samples from Arabian Shield and 12 from Arabian Shelf in Saudi Arabia); and (3) assess the water quality of the aquifer. The results show a GRACE-derived GWS depletion of − 2 ± 0.13 km3/year. Ionic compositions reveal two main groups: group I, with well depths of 144–607 m, and group II, with well depths of 12–150 m. Group I waters (all from the Saq aquifer) appear to be fossil waters, while group II waters (alluvial aquifer) appear to be mixed waters. As illustrated by the use of a Piper diagram, 85% of the samples in Arabian Shelf are characterized as a mixed water of calcium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfate (SO4). In the Arabian Shield, 50% of the samples are characterized as Ca–Cl waters. Since most of the samples (98%) are from domestic wells used for drinking water and have the potential for radioactivity in the groundwater, it is essential to complete radioactive analysis and confirm acceptable water quality, based on the standards of the Water Health Organization and the Saudi Arabian Standards Organization.
Numerical comparison on the efficiency of conventional and hybrid buckling-restrained braces for seismic protection of short-to-mid-rise steel buildings
Authors: Alborzi M. , Tahghighi H. , Azarbakht A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBuckling-restrained brace (BRB) is a specific kind of bracing system which has an acceptable energy dissipation behavior in a way that would not be buckled in compression forces. However, considerable residual deformations are noticed in strong ground motions as a result of the low post-yield stiffness of the BRBs. The seismic performance of a modern lateral load resisting system, which is called the hybrid BRB, and its conventional counterpart are assessed and compared in this paper. Multiple plates with different stress–strain behavior are used in the core of this new innovative system, and this is its difference with the existent BRBs. Nonlinear static and incremental dynamic analyses are carried out for three building frames with different structural heights, which use conventional and hybrid BRB systems. To carry out response history analyses, the FEMA P695 far-field earthquake record set was adopted in different hazard levels. The hybrid BRBs are shown to have superior seismic performance in comparison with the conventional systems based on the response modification factor and the damage measures including residual displacements and inter-story drift ratios.
Adults’ numeracy practices in fluid and unstable contexts—An agenda for education, policy and research?
Authors: Yasukawa Keiko , Evans Jeff 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNumeracy practices are always dependent on the social context in which they emerge. These contexts, however, are unstable because of a range of technological and socio-political changes. How does this instability affect people’s agency in the world? After reviewing key approaches to numeracy practices research, we distil key findings from recent numeracy studies. We introduce the concept of the numerate environment to examine the context in which opportunities, supports and demands present themselves for people’s numeracy development, explaining how cultural-historical activity theory can be used to analyse the effects of changes in numerate environments. We consider examples of social trends likely to effect such changes and conclude with implications of shifts in people’s numerate environment for future educational provision, policy and research.
Pelvic Floor and Sexual Dysfunction After Vaginal Birth With Episiotomy in Vietnamese Women
Authors: Quoc Huy Nguyen Vu , Phuc An Le Si , Phuong Le Si , Tam Le Minh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Episiotomy has been the most common procedure in obstetrical practice; however, its benefits remain controversial, especially in case of postpartum pelvic floor disorder and sexual dysfunction.

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate early complications, pelvic floor, and sexual dysfunction after delivery with episiotomy and their associated factors.

Methods
158 healthy pregnant women at term (38 weeks 0 days to 41 weeks 6 days), aged above 18 years old, who vaginally delivered a singleton baby with cephalic presentation were recruited. The subjects were evaluated through 3 interviews at 1−3 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months after delivery, respectively.

Main Outcome Measure
The evaluations were accomplished primarily by administration of 2 validated questionnaires: the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory Short-form 20 to evaluate symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction, and the Female Sexual Function Index to evaluate effects on the women’s sexual life.

Results
Among early complications, pain while sitting (30.4%) was the most prominent trouble, other pelvic disorders, such as urinary incontinence (11.4%), urinary retention (10.8%), or flatus incontinence (8.9%), were also observed in a remarkable number of participants. Average Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory Short-form 20 score was 7.0 ± 10.2 after 3 months. At that time, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 40.7%. Trouble occurred commonly in the domains of desire (68.9%) and pain (58.5%). Associated factors of sexual dysfunction were maternal age over 30 years and parity. These factors, in combination with birth weight over 3,500 gram (g), were also associated factors of pelvic floor disorders.

Conclusion
Pelvic pain was the most popular postdelivery complication. Urinary and bowel dysfunction were self-limited complications. Despite being considered a simple technique, episiotomy and its repair must be performed rigorously in order to allow the best recovery of pelvic floor and sexual function.
Advances in Eustachian tube function testing
Authors: Smith Matthew E. , Bance Manohar L. , Tysome James R. 
Published: October 2019

Obstructive and patulous Eustachian tube dysfunction provide a significant diagnostic and management challenge. The development of new treatments such as balloon Eustachian tuboplasty has generated renewed interest in measuring Eustachian tube function, as a method of selecting appropriate patients for intervention, and measuring their treatment outcomes.This review summarises recent findings relating to Eustachian tube function assessment. Increasingly it is recognised that patient reported outcome measures based on symptoms are highly non‐specific and non‐diagnostic, and clinical assessment alone may not permit the selection of individuals with abnormal Eustachian tube opening. Tests of Eustachian tube opening therefore may represent a practical and objective addition to patient assessment in clinic, allowing the identification of individuals with abnormal (patulous or obstructive) Eustachian tube function. A diagnostic pathway is described on this basis.More work is required to validate the described Eustachian tube function tests, and there remain individuals, such as those with dysfunction limited to pressure challenges, in whom function tests have yet to fully characterise the disorder.
Morphometric, genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis ofTaenia hydatigena(Pallas, 1766) larval stage in Iranian livestock
Authors: Sarvi Shahabeddin , Ebrahimi Behrestaghi Laya , Alizadeh Abbas , Abdollah Hosseini Seyed , Gohardieh Shaban , Bastani Reza , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Daryani Ahmad , Amouei Afsaneh , Spotin Adel , Gholami Shirzad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCysticercus tenuicollisas metacestode ofTaenia hydatigenais the most prevalent taeniid species in livestock. Eighty-eightC. tenuicollissamples were collected from sheep (n= 44) and goats (n= 44) of the northern Iran from 2015 to 2016. The isolated parasites were characterized by morphometric keys. The DNA of the larval stage was extracted, amplified and sequenced targeting mitochondrial12S rRNAandCox 1markers. A significant difference in larval rostellar hook length was observed in12S rRNAhaplotypes. Analysis of molecular variance of12S rRNAindicated a moderate genetic diversity in theC. tenuicollisisolates. The pairwise sequence distance ofC. tenuicollisshowed an intra-species diversity of 0.3–0.5% and identity of 99.5–100%. Using the12S rRNAsequence data we found a moderate genetic difference (Fst; 0.05421) inC. tenucollisisolates collected from livestock of the northern and southeastern regions of Iran. We concluded that the genetic variants ofC. tenuicollisare being undoubtedly distributing mostly in different parts of Iran. Further studies with a larger number ofT. hydatigenaisolates collected from various intermediate and definitive hosts are needed to study this evolutionary assumption and also to determine the apparent genetic differences observed in the studied regions.