bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling of nano‐composite membrane fabrication process: Focus on the role of solvent type
Authors: Boshrouyeh Ghandashtani Mohammad , Tavangar Tohid , Zokaee Ashtiani Farzin , Karimi Mohammad , Fouladitajar Amir 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, the effect of fabrication parameters on the performance of nano‐SiO2‐embedded membranes fabricated by three prevalent solvents was investigated. Genetic programming was applied for modeling and estimating the best preparation conditions to obtain a proper membrane for oily wastewater microfiltration. Membranes were prepared via a combination of vapor‐induced phase separation and nonsolvent‐induced phase separation methods. Different types of solvents such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, N,N‐dimethyl formamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide were used in cooperating with SiO2 nanoparticles to improve hydrophilicity properties of polyethersulfone. Thermodynamic behavior of solvents and their interaction with polymer and nonsolvent were considered as criteria for forming a suitable membrane with the maximum effectiveness of nanoparticles. The results showed that nanoparticles are more influential along with a solvent that has a weak affinity with a polymer, which subsequently can produce efficient membranes under conditions with a balance between exposure time and relative humidity. The optimum amounts of parameters were estimated by genetic algorithm to introduce a condition for having a membrane with the maximum permeate flux. Membranes fabricated with dimethyl sulfoxide represented the highest pore size and the most hydrophilic surface, which, in turn, led to the desired membrane (permeate flux 300 L/m2 hr and oil rejection 97%).
A new use for glassy carbon: Development of LDPE/glassy carbon composites for antistatic packaging applications
Authors: Santos Maikon Stefano dos , Montagna Larissa Stieven , Rezende Mirabel Cerqueira , Passador Fabio Roberto 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAntistatic packaging is used for the protection and storage of electronic boards and sensitive electronic components. Different polyolefins can be used for the production of antistatic packaging; however, the accumulation of static electricity in these polyolefins may cause serious damage to the electronic components. In this study, since glassy carbon (GC) has good mechanical properties and electrical characteristics, it was used as an antistatic filler and blended with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). Composites of LDPE with GC in different proportions were prepared in the molten state using a homogenizer rotating at 3000 rpm. The composites were characterized in terms of thermal, mechanical, structural, and electrical properties. The GC is well dispersed and distributed in the LDPE, which contributed to the formation of a percolated network that enhanced antistatic characteristic. An increase of two orders of magnitudes in the electrical conductivity was obtained for the composite with 0.5 wt % of GC and thus it can be used as antistatic packaging. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47204.
Is Bone Elevation in Hand Muscle Attachments Associated with Biomechanical Stress? A Histological Approach to an Anthropological Question
Authors: Karakostis Fotios Alexandros , Vlachodimitropoulos Dimitrios , Piagkou Maria , Scherf Heike , Harvati Katerina , Moraitis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn anthropological sciences, muscle attachments are typically utilized for reconstructing the physical activities of past human populations. This approach relies on the concept that entheseal bone morphology is influenced by cumulative biomechanical stress. A fundamental criterion for assessing the stage of entheseal change involves the proportion of elevated bone area. However, it is not yet clear if bone elevation is associated with biomechanical forces exerted during physical activity, while the histology of the entheses of the human hand, the least‐bodyweight‐bearing anatomical area, is not fully investigated. Multiple previous studies on entheses have concluded that the concentration of calcified fibrocartilage reflects the level of applied forces. On this basis, if hand entheseal surface elevation was associated with the level of biomechanical stress, then a greater amount of calcified fibrocartilage would be expected in entheses' central and more projecting bone areas. More importantly, individual entheses with a greater proportion of elevated bone areas would present a higher total concentration of calcified fibrocartilage. To test these hypotheses, this pilot study conducted a histological quantitative analysis on two thumb entheses of four fully‐documented body donors. Across individuals, all central entheseal regions presented greater calcified fibrocartilage, while the entheses showing additional bone elevation in their marginal areas comprised substantially higher total values. The observations of this small‐scale pilot study support the concept that interindividual differences in entheseal bone morphology are related to varying levels of biomechanical loading. Furthermore, they encourage future research to compile larger sample sizes, for comparing individuals with distinct lifelong activities. Anat Rec, 302:1093–1103, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Geometric Morphometric Examination of Hominoid Third Metacarpal Shape and Its Implications for Inferring the Precursor to Terrestrial Bipedalism
Authors: Rein Thomas R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe third metacarpal has been a focus of study when examining questions surrounding early hominin locomotion since this bone is adapted to the diverse range of positional behaviors performed by extant hominoids. The shape of this bone is potentially under strong selective pressure related to the biomechanical demands of terrestrial knuckle‐walking, arboreal clambering, and brachiation performed by extant hominoids since the hand directly interacts with the substrate during the performance of these movements. The objective of the present study was to explore shape variation of the third metacarpal and examine how different parts of the bone discriminated between hominoid genera that perform these different locomotor behaviors. In addition to examining general interspecies variation, shape analysis was applied to testing the knuckle‐walking hypothesis for human evolution. Fourteen 3D landmark coordinates were collected on hominoid third metacarpals, and principal component analysis and Procrustes distances were used to examine metacarpal shape. Comparable measurements were collected on fossilized third metacarpals of Australopithecus afarensis as an early hominin test case for examining the knuckle‐walking hypothesis. Analyses that included landmarks collected on both ends of the bone distinguished humans from great apes and presented a strong functional signal related to suspensory locomotion among nonhuman hominoids, whereas the distal articular surface provided the strongest knuckle‐walking signal. The shapes of Australopithecus afarensis metacarpals examined in the current study did not provide evidence for a trajectory of shape change in early hominin evolution that started from a metacarpal adapted for terrestrial knuckle‐walking. Anat Rec, 302:983–998, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Reconstruction of Cranial Musculature in Ornithischian Dinosaurs: Implications for Feeding Mechanisms and Buccal Anatomy
Authors: Nabavizadeh Ali 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe charismatic and diverse ornithischian dinosaurs exhibited some of the most extreme examples of cranial anatomy, inspiring decades of investigation into their muscular anatomy. Current ornithischian jaw muscle reconstructions, although parsimonious, pose concerns of small adductor muscles and caudally displaced insertions relative to mandibular proportions. Here, craniomandibular material of ornithischian genera spanning all subclades is reexamined for osteological correlates indicative of intracranial and oral soft tissues. M. adductor mandibulae externus (mAME) has traditionally been reconstructed as solely inserting along the caudal margin of the coronoid process for jaw closure. Here, a new mAME reconstruction is proposed in derived ornithischians, with the superficial‐most mAME layer reconstructed as a rostrolabial expansion of muscle, exiting the cranium rostroventrally beneath a unique, laterally flaring jugal and inserting along the lateral surface of the coronoid process and its rostrally extending, shelf‐like labial dentary ridge (LDR). Through previous dental microwear and morphological studies, ceratopsians, hadrosaurids, and ankylosaurs are known to have implemented a major palinal feeding component in their jaw motions, unlike other primarily basal ornithischians. This rostral fan‐like extension of muscle in these derived clades would create a greater mandibular support system and mechanical advantage along the labial margin of the jaw, cradling the entire mandible while lifting it up into occlusion and retracting it. In hadrosaurids and ankylosaurs, this rostrolabially expanding muscle also acts in medial rotation of the dentaries about their long axes. With these new reconstructions, the notion of a novel, unparsimonious “cheek” muscle is rejected, with further discussion of plausible buccal soft tissues. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 303:347–362, 2020. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy
Branching Pattern of the Cerebral Arterial Tree
Authors: Helthuis Jasper H. G. , van Doormaal Tristan P. C. , Hillen Berend , Bleys Ronald L. A. W. , Harteveld Anita A. , Hendrikse Jeroen , van der Toorn Annette , Brozici Mariana , Zwanenburg Jaco J. M. , van der Zwan Albert 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTQuantitative data on branching patterns of the human cerebral arterial tree are lacking in the 1.0–0.1 mm radius range. We aimed to collect quantitative data in this range, and to study if the cerebral artery tree complies with the principle of minimal work (Law of Murray).To enable easy quantification of branching patterns a semi‐automatic method was employed to measure 1,294 bifurcations and 2,031 segments on 7 T‐MRI scans of two corrosion casts embedded in a gel. Additionally, to measure segments with a radius smaller than 0.1 mm, 9.4 T‐MRI was used on a small cast section to characterize 1,147 bifurcations and 1,150 segments. Besides MRI, traditional methods were employed. Seven hundred thirty‐three bifurcations were manually measured on a corrosion cast and 1,808 bifurcations and 1,799 segment lengths were manually measured on a fresh dissected cerebral arterial tree. Data showed a large variation in branching pattern parameters (asymmetry‐ratio, area‐ratio, length‐radius‐ratio, tapering). Part of the variation may be explained by the variation in measurement techniques, number of measurements and location of measurement in the vascular tree.This study confirms that the cerebral arterial tree complies with the principle of minimum work. These data are essential in the future development of more accurate mathematical blood flow models. Anat Rec, 302:1434–1446, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Is the victim Max (Planck) or Moritz? How victim type and social value orientation affect dishonest behavior
Authors: Soraperra Ivan , Weisel Ori , Ploner Matteo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDoes the potential victim of dishonest behavior—a family or a bank, a pensioner or an insurance firm—affect the propensity to engage in such behavior? We investigate the effect of victim type—an individual person or an impersonal institution—on dishonest behavior and test whether it interacts with potential perpetrators' social value orientation (prosocial or proself). In a between‐subjects design, we allowed experimental participants (N = 368) to misreport private information in order to increase (decrease) their profit (loss) at the expense of either another participant or the experimenter's budget. Both prosocials and proselfs engaged in dishonesty, but proselfs did so much more. Furthermore, prosocials reduced their dishonesty when the victim was another person, rather than an institution, but proselfs did not. A direct implication is that the dishonesty of prosocials may be curbed by increasing the salience of the adverse effect their dishonesty has on other individual people but that such interventions will not be effective for proselfs. In contrast with recent results, we did not find a general effect of increased dishonesty under a loss (vs. gain) frame.
Effectiveness of aggression replacement training in reducing criminal recidivism among convicted adult offenders
Authors: Lardén Martin , Nordén Elisabeth , Forsman Mats , Långström Niklas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundAggression replacement training (ART) is a widely used cognitive behavioural intervention for reducing aggression‐related recidivism among criminal offenders. Its effectiveness in reducing offending, however, remains uncertain.AimTo examine the effect of ART on adult offenders' criminal recidivism rates.MethodWe compared 1,124 convicted adult offenders who began ART in the Swedish Prison and Probation Services 2003–2009 with 3,372 offenders in the system at the same time who did not participate in ART. Linkage with nationwide, longitudinal registries allowed extensive propensity score‐matched controlling for baseline differences (e.g. sociodemographics, criminal history, psychiatric morbidity, and substance misuse) between groups.ResultsIntent‐to‐treat analyses suggested similar 1‐year general reconviction rates (according to the National Crime Register) between the two groups (ART participants 50% [n = 465]: comparison participants 51% [n = 1,492]; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.97, 95% CI [0.88, 1.07]) and similar one‐year violent recidivism (ART participants 19% [n = 174]: comparison participants 18% [n = 547]; HR = 1.02, 95% CI [0.89, 1.17]). For ART completers, findings suggested a marginal decrease in reconvictions for any recidivism, but not for violent recidivism specifically. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.Conclusions and implicationsOur findings add to the emerging literature suggesting no effect of ART on reoffending among adult offenders. Originally designed for adolescents, it may be that the programme should include components for more adult‐specific needs. Further, although group differences in reoffending did not emerge, research with a wider range of outcomes may be worthwhile before abandoning this approach with offenders.
Origin and Prediction of Highly Specific Bond Cleavage Sites in the Thermal Activation of Intact Protein Ions
Authors: Wang Huixin , Leeming Michael G. , Ho Junming , Donald William A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPredicting the fragmentation patterns of proteins would be beneficial for the reliable identification of intact proteins by mass spectrometry. However, the ability to accurately make such predictions remains elusive. An approach to predict the specific cleavage sites in whole proteins resulting from collision‐induced dissociation by use of an improved electrostatic model for calculating the proton configurations of highly‐charged protein ions is reported. Using ubiquitin, cytochrome c, lysozyme and β‐lactoglobulin as prototypical proteins, this approach can be used to predict the fragmentation patterns of intact proteins. For sufficiently highly charged proteins, specific cleavages occur near the first low‐basicity amino acid residues that are protonated with increasing charge state. Hybrid QM/QM′ (QM=quantum mechanics) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and energy‐resolved collision‐induced dissociation measurements indicated that the barrier to the specific dissociation of the protonated amide backbone bond is significantly lower than competitive charge remote fragmentation. Unlike highly charged peptides, the protons at low‐basicity sites in highly charged protein ions can be confined to a limited sequence of low‐basicity amino acid residues by electrostatic repulsion, which results in highly specific fragmentation near the site of protonation. This research suggests that the optimal charge states to form specific sequence ions of intact proteins in higher abundances than the use of less specific ion dissociation methods can be predicted a priori.
Hybrid Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Two‐Dimensional Inorganic Nanofillers
Authors: Chua Stephanie , Fang Ruopian , Sun Zhenhua , Wu Minjie , Gu Zi , Wang Yuzuo , Hart Judy N. , Sharma Neeraj , Li Feng , Wang Da‐Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes are of rapidly increasing importance for the research and development of future safe batteries with high energy density. The diversified chemistry and structures of polymers allow the utilization of a wide range of soft structures for all‐polymer solid‐state electrolytes. With equal importance is the hybrid solid‐state electrolytes consisting of both “soft” polymeric structure and “hard” inorganic nanofillers. The recent emergence of the re‐discovery of many two‐dimensional layered materials has stimulated the booming of advanced research in energy storage fields, such as batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. Of special interest is the mass transport properties of these 2D nanostructures for water, gas, or ions. This review aims at the current progress and prospective development of hybrid polymer‐inorganic solid electrolytes based on important 2D materials, including natural clay and synthetic lamellar structures. The ion conduction mechanism and the fabrication, property and device performance of these hybrid solid electrolytes will be discussed.
Fluoro‐Hydroxylation of gem‐Difluoroalkenes: Synthesis of 18O‐labeled α‐CF3 Alcohols
Authors: Hu Jingyu , Yang Yide , Lou Zhengzhao , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a fluoro‐hydroxylation of gem‐difluoroalkenes is demonstrated. This protocol uses sequential electrophilic fluorination with Selectfluor and nucleophilic hydroxylation with H218O, which can be used to prepare 18O‐labeled α‐CF3 alcohols from gem‐difluorostyrenes. The reaction is typically carried out at room temperature within 4 h in good to excellent yields. Other nucleophiles (besides H218O), such as alcohols, carboxylic acid, acetonitrile and N,N‐dimethylformamide, are also suitable for this difunctionalization of gem‐difluoroalkenes.
Baseline atrial fibrillation is associated with contrast‐induced nephropathy after cardiac catheterization in coronary artery disease: Systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prasitlumkum Narut , Kanitsoraphan Chanavuth , Kittipibul Veraprapas , Rattanawong Pattara , Chongsathidkiet Pakawat , Cheungpasitporn Wisit 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia, independently associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Recent studies suggest that AF is potentially associated with contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing catheterization. However, the association was not conclusive. Thus, we assessed the association between AF in patients with CAD and CIN by a systematic review of the literature and a meta‐analysis.HypothesisAF is a predictor of CIN in patients with CAD.MethodsWe comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to April 2018. Included studies were published observational studies that compared the risk of CIN among CAD patients with AF vs those without AF. Data from each study were combined using the random‐effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird to calculate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsEight cohort studies from June 2007 to November 2017 were included in this meta‐analysis involving 16,691 subjects with CAD (1,030 with AF and 15,661 without its presence). The presence of AF was associated with CIN (pooled risk ratio = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.50‐3.14, P < 0.001, I2 = 54.1%). In our subgroup analysis by urgency and multivariable adjustment, both groups still showed substantial association between AF and CIN (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAF increased the risk of CIN up to two fold among patients with CAD compared to the absence of it. Our study suggests that the presence of AF in CAD is prognostic for the development of CIN.
Costs of cancer along the care continuum: What we can expect based on recent literature
Authors: Pisu Maria , Henrikson Nora B. , Banegas Matthew P. , Yabroff K. Robin 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundCancer costs should be discussed by patients and providers, but information is not readily available. Results from recently published studies (in the last 5 years) on direct and indirect cancer costs may help guide these discussions.MethodsThe authors reviewed studies published between 2013 and 2017 that reported direct health care costs and indirect (productivity losses) costs. The annual mean total and net costs of cancer were summarized for all payers and for survivors only by age (ages 18‐64 and ≥65 years), by phase of care (initial [ie, 12 months from diagnosis], continuing, and end‐of‐life [ie, 12 months before death]), or for recently diagnosed (within 1‐2 years of diagnosis) and longer term survivors.ResultsFor all payers combined, costs for cancers like breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers were $20,000 to $100,000 in the initial phase, $1000 to $30,000 annually in the continuing phase, and ≥$60,000 in the end‐of‐life phase. Annual out‐of‐pocket costs to recently diagnosed survivors were >$1000 for medical care and time costs, approximately $2000 for productivity losses, and from $2500 to >$4000 for employment disability, depending on age. For longer term survivors, the cost of medical care was approximately $1500 for older survivors and $747 for younger survivors, time costs were $831 to $955 for older survivors and $459 to $630 for younger survivors, and productivity losses were approximately $800. Disability among long‐term survivors was similar to that among short‐term survivors. Limitations of the reviewed studies included older data and under‐representation of higher cost cancers.ConclusionsFrequently updated cost information for all cancer types is needed to guide discussions of anticipated short‐term and long‐term cancer‐related costs with survivors. Cancer 2018;000:000‐000. © 2018 American Cancer Society.