bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties of Oxygen Composition Controlled La1-xSrxMnOy Single Crystals
Authors: Yokota Yuui , Shimoyama Jun-ichi , Ogata Tetsuro , Horii Shigeru , Kishio Kohji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe have investigated the effect of high-temperature post-annealing and control of excess oxygen for La1-xSrxMnOy (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) single crystals. Thin plate-like single crystals prepared by careful cutting and polishing enabled the control of excess oxygen for the single crystals by post-annealing for relatively short times at various temperatures. Post-annealed crystals with y ∼ 3.00 exhibited higher TC than that of as-grown crystals due to homogenization of cation and oxygen compositions and reduction of local lattice strains. With an increase of y, TC systematically increased for all Sr compositions. Competition between an increase of mean valence of manganese and generation of cation vacancy determines the TC of La1-xSrxMnOy crystals.
Undergraduate Materials Research Initiative: Providing Active Research Experience
Authors: Stadler Bethanie J. H. , Omer Ingrid L. St. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe Materials Research Society's Undergraduate Materials Research Initiative (UMRI) is a program designed to introduce undergraduates to research and the excitement of discovery in materials science and engineering. Through an open competition process modeled after federal funding agencies, participants gain an understanding of the research process from proposal to final report. Each awardee receives a grant for the cost of a moderate research project (maximum $750). In addition, the student researcher receives an award of $250 upon completion of the project. The MRS awarded 20 grants for research performed during the inaugural 1998/99 academic year, and it has awarded 40 grants this academic year. In addition to financial assistance, the MRS also provides positive exposure for both the UMRI undergraduate researchers and their advisors in order to highlight the importance of an active research experience. Past and present UMRI awardees have been invited to present their work in a poster session during this meeting. The educational impact of the program will be explored in terms of applicant demographics and survey responses from awardees. The review process, international aspects, and suggested research timeframes will also be discussed. The basic operating principles of this program have potential application to any academic, industrial or governmental program designed to increase faculty and student interest in undergraduate research. Such programs address the need to attract and retain talented individuals to technical careers.
An Interdisciplinary Approach for Involving Undergraduates in the Materials Science and Engineering Program
Authors: Bruch Reinhard , Afanasyeva Natalia , Welser Leslie , Gummuluri Satya , Showers Stan , Kano Angelique 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) Physics Department has a successful history of involving undergraduate students in interdisciplinary research, including the fields of materials science and engineering. The group directed by Prof. Reinhard Bruch has given a number of undergraduates the opportunity to work on professional-level research projects early in their career development. In our Physics Department at UNR, it is common to have a high percentage of undergraduates involved in research projects. Therefore, we suggest that the Materials Science and Engineering Program could explore the potential opportunity for spawning inter-disciplinary research programs involving undergraduates.
Building Knowledge in Materials Science
Authors: Baillie Caroline , Emanuelsson Jonas , Marton Ference 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe present paper discusses the outcomes of research exploring the formation of knowledge in one area of materials science, that of the ‘interface’ in composite materials. A series of interviews have been conducted with researchers from eight different countries, all involved in investigating a similar issue. Questions were aimed at exploring their understanding of certain key concepts. The interviews were transcribed and data analysed using a phenomenographic approach. Having a better understanding of the way in which the knowledge is understood by different researchers gives us a new way of helping students to approach their own understanding of the concepts. Students can see the concepts from many perspectives and realise that there is not one way to understand a scientific ‘fact’. This paper discusses the possibilities that this approach holds for Materials Science Education.
Everything you've always wanted to know about what your students think they know but were afraid to ask.
Authors: Werwa Eric 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA review of the educational literature on naive concepts about principles of chemistry and physics and surveys of science museum visitors reveal that people of all ages have robust alternative notions about the nature of atoms, matter, and bonding that persist despite formal science education experiences. Some confusion arises from the profound differences in the way that scientists and the lay public use terms such as materials, metals, liquids, models, function, matter, and bonding. Many models that eloquently articulate arrangements of atoms and molecules to informed scientists are not widely understood by lay people and may promote naive notions among the public. Shifts from one type of atomic model to another and changes in size scales are particularly confusing to learners. People's abilities to describe and understand the properties of materials are largely based on tangible experiences, and much of what students learn in school does not help them interpret their encounters with materials and phenomena in everyday life. Identification of these challenges will help educators better convey the principles of materials science and engineering to students, and will be particularly beneficial in the design of the Materials MicroWorld traveling museum exhibit.
The Internet Microscope.
Authors: Marrow James , Derby Brian 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe Internet Microscope is an image library, with a difference. Its web site (http://www.umist.ac.uk/~intmic/) is dedicated to the explanation and illustration of the relationship between microstructure, properties and processing in materials science. A growing selection of the samples is aimed directly at schools and colleges.The microscope has been used with undergraduate teaching at the University in conjunction with computer presented multiple choice questions. It has replaced microscopy laboratories for a class of 100 engineering students, for whom materials science forms a small but important part of their syllabus. The microscope also allows students to test and revise their knowledge of phase diagrams.The Internet Electron Microscope is an exciting development of the existing web site. It makes use of the concept of “Learning by Doing”. It will give schools and colleges on-line control of a free, simple and easy to use scanning electron microscope. Samples will range from sugar cubes to silicon chips, offering a real experience of microscopy.
A Home-Made Inch-Scale Scanning Force “Microscope”
Authors: Guerra-Vela Claudio , Zypman Fredy R. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe developed a foot-long aluminum “microscope” cantilever to use in our undergraduate laboratory. The detection mechanism is by means of a vibrating piezoelectric. The tip-sample interaction is obtained by means of springs attached at the end of the cantilever. The main objective is to provide students with a large cantilever from where they can build an intuitive feel of the instrument. Also, and perhaps more important, we teach the student how to extract forces from kinematics data. We let the cantilever move under the action of the interaction force, and record that motion as a voltage produced by the vibrating piezoelectric. That voltage is then processed to reproduce the F-d (Force-distance) curve. As opposed to what happens in the real microscope, in our case we have access to the sources of force and thus we can check the accuracy of our reconstruction algorithm by comparing our reconstructed Fd curve with the known one.
Efficiency and costs of different concentrated solar power plant configurations for sites in Gauteng and the Northern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Telsnig Thomas , Eltrop Ludger , Winkler Hartmut , Fahl Ulrich 
Published: June 2019

Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants can play a major role in the future South African electricity mix. Today the Independent Power Producer (IPP) Procurement Programme aims to facilitate renewable energy projects to access the South African energy market. In spite of this incentive programme, the future role of CSP plants in South Africa has yet to be defined. Using hourly irradiance data, we present a new method to calculate the expected yield of different parabolic trough plant configurations at a site in each of Gauteng and the Northern Cape, South Africa. We also provide cost estimates of the main plant components and an economic assessment that can be used to demonstrate the feasibility of solar thermal power projects at different sites. We show that the technical configurations, as well as the resulting cost of electricity, are heavily dependent on the location of the plant and how the electricity so generated satisfies demand. Today, levelised electricity costs for a CSP plant without storage were found to be between 101 and 1.52 ZAR2010/kWhel, assuming a flexible electricity demand structure. A CSP configuration with Limited Storage produces electricity at costs between 1.39 and 1.90 ZAR2010/kWhel, whereas that with Extended Storage costs between 1.86 and 2.27 ZAR2010/kWhel. We found that until 2040 a decrease in investment costs results in generating costs between 0.73 ZAR2010/kWhel for a CSP plant without storage in Upington and 1.16 ZAR2010/ kWhel for a configuration with Extended Storage in Pretoria. These costs cannot compete, however, with the actual costs of the traditional South African electricity mix. Nevertheless, a more sustainable energy system will require dispatchable power which can be offered by CSP including storage. Our results show that the choice of plant configuration and the electricity demand structure have a significant effect on costs. These results can help policymakers and utilities to benchmark plant performance as a basis for planning.
Simulation of a syngas from a coal production plant coupled to a high temperature nuclear reactor
Authors: Botha Frikkie , Dobson Robert , Harms Thomas 
Published: June 2019

In light of the rapid depletion of the world’s oil reserves, concerns about energy security prompted the exploration of alternative sources of liquid fuels for transportation. One such alternative is the production of synthetic fuel using an indirect coal liquefaction process or coal-to-liquids (CTL) process. In this process, coal is gasified in a gasifier in the presence of steam and oxygen to produce a synthesis gas or syngas consisting mainly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The syngas is then converted to liquid fuels and a variety of useful chemicals in a Fischer Tropsch-type synthesis reactor. However, the traditional process for syngas production also produces substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. In fact, only about one third of the carbon in the coal feedstock ends up in the liquid fuel product using traditional CTL technology. If more hydrogen was available than the hydrogen produced during the gasification step, the carbon utilisation of the process could be improved significantly. The high temperature reactor (HTR) is a gas cooled Generation IV nuclear reactor ideally suited to provide power and high temperature heat for carbon neutral production of hydrogen via high temperature electrolysis. The integration of an HTR into a CTL process therefore provides an opportunity to improve the thermal and carbon efficiency of the CTL process significantly. This paper presents a possible process flow scheme for a nuclear assisted CTL process. The system is evaluated in terms of its thermal or syngas production efficiency (defined as the ratio of the heating value of the produced syngas to the sum of the heating value of the coal plus the HTR heat input) as well as its carbon utilisation. If the hydrogen production plant is sized to produce only enough associated oxygen to supply the needs of the gasification plant, syngas is produced at about 63% thermal efficiency, while 71.5% of the carbon is utilised in this process. It was found that the optimum HTR outlet temperature to produce hydrogen with a high temperature steam electrolysis process is 850°C. If enough process heat and power are available and process equipment capacities are sufficient, the carbon utilisation of the process could be improved even further to values in excess of 90%.
Facebook, Polymedia, Social Capital, and a Digital Family of Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers: A Case Study of The Voice of Singapore’s Invisible Hands
Authors: Rahajeng Mintarsih Adriana 
Published: June 2019

Rarely do female migrant domestic workers (MDWs) get a chance to narrate their own migration experience. Voice of Singapore’s Invisible Hands (or The Voice), which started as a literary community on Facebook, aims to reshape the dominant—negative—discourse on migrant workers, especially Indonesian MDWs, by providing access to their literary work. In a transnational migration setting, Facebook has been used as a tool to maintain people’s relations with their families and friends back home, as well as for making new friends. Connections gained between individuals become a form of social capital where people build social networks and establish norms of reciprocity and a sense of trustworthiness. In the early establishment of The Voice, Facebook helped its initiator gain social capital. Ultimately, this social capital benefts the community and its members. Over the course of The Voice’s development, other social media platforms, namely WhatsApp, Skype, and email, have been used in addition to Facebook because they offer a different set of features and affordances of privacy and frequency. This practice of switching from one media to another is an illustration of polymedia, in which all media operate as an integrated structure and each is defned in relation to other media. This study, which focused on the relation of Facebook, polymedia, and social capital in the context of The Voice, used integrated online and offine qualitative data-gathering methodologies. The study found that Facebook initially helped both the community, which began as a learning space for Indonesian MDWs who wanted to narrate their stories about their home and family, and its members in their efforts to reshape the negative dominant discourse on migrant workers. It was the affordances of polymedia, however, that paved the way for the formation later on of a digital family in which the members provide emotional support for each other, similar to what family and close friends do.
Super-Homem e a Busca do Caminho Aristotélico: Contribuições para a Educação
Authors: Weschenfelder Gelson Vanderlei 
Published: June 2019

Um dos mais notáveis fenômenos da cultura popular da atualidade é o ressurgimento vigoroso das histórias em quadrinhos de Super – Heróis, que, no entanto, não são tão inocentes como parecem. Elas não trazem só o divertimento ao leitor. Elas introduzem e abordam de forma vívida questões de suma importância enfrentadas pelos seres humanos, referentes à ética, à responsabilidade pessoal e social, direitos e cidadania. Super-Homem, um dos super-heróis mais conhecidos no mundo dos quadrinhos e, um dos primeiros a surgir, traz estas questões em suas histórias. A atitude deste super-herói aborda de forma vivenciada, questões éticas referendadas pelo filósofo grego Aristóteles.
Teorias Contemporâneas de Aprendizagem
Authors: Souza Lilian de 
Published: June 2019

A obra reúne célebres teóricos da contemporaneidade que tratam, por meio de suas obras seminais, das questões que envolvem a aprendizagem, considerando-a como uma das capacidades mais básicas da vida humana. O livro compreende estudos atuais sobre a aprendizagem como a teoria da mente, as inteligências multiplas, a aprendizagem transformadora, a aprendizagem expansiva, a teoria biográfica da aprendizagem, entre outras, que estão reunidas no livro Teorias contemporâneas daaprendizagem, magistralmente organizado por Knud Illeris. Essas diversas vertentes vão além do pressuposto de que a aprendizagem é mera aquisição de conhecimento, sendo constituída de dimensões emocionais, sociais, culturais e contextuais da sociedade.Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem. Teorias contemporâneas. Vida humana. AbstractContemporary Theories of LearningThe work brings together famous theorists of contemporary, approaching issues that involve learning, considering it as one of the basic capabilities of human life. The book comprises modern research on learning as theory of mind, multiple intelligences, transformative learning, expansive learning, biographical theory, and others that are gathered in the book Contemporary theories of learning, masterfully arranged by Knud Illeris. These different aspects go beyond the assumption that learning is just acquiring knowledge, consisting of emotional, social, cultural and contextual dimensions of society.Keywords: Learning. Contemporary theories. Human life. ResumenLas teorías contemporáneas del aprendizajeLa obra reúne célebres teóricos de la contemporaneidad, para tratar de cuestiones que envuelven el aprendizaje, dado como una de las capacidades básicas de la vida humana. El libro comprende los modernos estudios sobre el aprendizaje como teoría de la mente, las inteligencias múltiples, el aprendizaje transformador, el aprendizaje expansivo, la teoría biográfica, entre otras que hacen parte del libro Teorías contemporáneas del aprendizaje, magistralmente organizado por Knud Illeris. Los diversos tratados sobresaltan el presupuesto de que el aprendizaje no es solo una adquisición de conocimiento, además constituida de dimensiones emocionales, sociales, culturales y contextuales de la sociedad.Palabras-clave: Aprendizaje.Teorías contemporáneas. Vida humana. Revisor do inglês: Prof. Ms. Wellington da Silva OliveiraRevisor do espanhol: Prof. Lilian de Souza
Authenticity Identification of the Traditional Chinese Herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis by Real-Time PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Jia Tiantian , Han Dan , Ma Minmin , Jiang Dan , Huang Yaojiang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Glycyrrhiza uralensis is a traditional Chinese herb, and sales volume of this herb is large. However, adulterant herbal materials threaten trade and consumer safety.
Methods：A rapid detection system for the identification of G. uralensis was established using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (Real-Time PCR). The DNA was extracted and the G. uralensis primers were designed. LAMP and Real-Time PCR were performed to assessment the specificity of primers in species. The sensitivity of LAMP and Real-Time PCR was contrast by diluting DNA concentration gradient from 101 ng/μL to 10-5 ng/μL.
Results: tThe results showed that LAMP and Real-Time PCR were specificity because G. uralensis were positive while similar species were not. The sensitivity of LAMP was similar to Real-Time PCR at DNA concentration of 10-4ng in 60 min. The results indicated that LAMP and Real-Time PCR are accurately, specificity and sensitivity in the Authenticity Identification of G. uralensis.
Conclusions: LAMP is less time-consuming, convenient, and does not require expensive equipment. Thus, these findings suggested that a method system and standard of traditional Chinese herb market supervision should be established based on a DNA barcode sequence and LAMP for authenticity identification.
Effects of fenclorim on rice physiology, gene transcription and pretilachlor detoxification ability
Authors: Hu Lifeng , Yao Ying , Cai Ruwen , Pan Lang , Liu Kailin , Bai Lianyang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Fenclorim (Fen) can effectively protect rice from pretilachlor (Pre) injury, but its effects on rice have not been formally evaluated; thus, the Fen mode of action for alleviating the phytotoxicity caused by Pre in rice is not clear. This study aimed to examine the biochemical and physiological effects of Fen on rice and to determine the changes induced by Fen at the transcriptome level.

Result

The chlorophyll content of the rice plants was significantly affected by Pre but not by Fen. The impacts of the activity of oxidative stress enzymes showed that Fen did not elicit any changes in oxidative stress; however, it reduced lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage induced by Pre. Fen did not affect the uptake of Pre but did affect its persistence in rice. In a transcriptome study, Fen upregulated genes in the detoxification pathway. Overall, 25 genes related to detoxification were identified, including P450, GST, and GT. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis showed that four P450 genes, including CYP71Y83, CYP71K14, CYP734A2 and CYP71D55, and two GST genes, GSTU16 and GSTF1, were upregulated by Fen and/or Pre.

Conclusion

Our work indicates that Fen can act as an antioxidation defender in addition to enhancing the metabolism of herbicides in rice.
Intervention Effect of Team-Based Learning in Chinese Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Liao Yuexia , Han Ting , Wang Sumei , Jiang Ye , Yang Yiyun , Qu Jieling 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background:
Different education systems or cultural backgrounds may influence the effectiveness of various educational approaches. Little literature explores the effects of TBL on Chinese undergraduate nursing students.
Method: We implemented a quasi-experimental pre-/post-test quantitative and qualitative design to evaluate the intervention effect of TBL on undergraduate nursing students in eastern China.
Results: The results showed that a significant difference was identified, as the post-test scores were higher than pre-test scores on average level of the Chinese version of Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, the General Self-efficacy Scale and the Academic Self-efficacy Scale. Also, TBL obtained positive reflection from the students and the Teaching Supervision Team. TBL stimulated the students’ learning interest and was well-accepted well by the nursing students.
Conclusion: TBL could be widely used in undergraduate nursing education.
Tomato glycosyltransferase Twi1 plays a role in flavonoid glycosylation and defence against virus
Authors: Campos Laura , López-Gresa María Pilar , Fuertes Diana , Bellés José María , Rodrigo Ismael , LIsón Purificación 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Secondary metabolites play an important role in the plant defensive response. They are produced as a defence mechanism against biotic stress by providing plants with antimicrobial and antioxidant weapons. In higher plants, the majority of secondary metabolites accumulate as glycoconjugates. Glycosylation is one of the commonest modifications of secondary metabolites, and is carried out by enzymes called glycosyltransferases.

Results: Here we provide evidence that the previously described tomato wound and pathogen-induced glycosyltransferase Twi1 displays in vitro activity toward the coumarins scopoletin, umbelliferone and esculetin, and the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol, by uncovering a new role of this gene in plant glycosylation. To test its activity in vivo, Twi1-silenced transgenic tomato plants were generated and infected with Tomato spotted wilt virus. The Twi1-silenced plants showed a differential accumulation of Twi1 substrates and enhanced susceptibility to the virus.

Conclusions: Biochemical in vitro assays and transgenic plants generation proved to be useful strategies to assign a role of tomato Twi1 in the plant defence response. Twi1 glycosyltransferase showed to regulate quercetin and kaempferol levels in tomato plants, affecting plant resistance to viral infection.