bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrocarbon biomarkers preserved in carbonate veins of potentially Paleoproterozoic age, and implications for the early biosphere
Authors: Peters Carl A. , George Simon C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractResearch on the early rise of oxygenic photosynthesis and eukaryotes has recently encountered a major pitfall, as some hopane and sterane biomarkers reported in Archaean rocks are the results of contamination. Following an extensive petrological framework in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia, oil‐bearing fluid inclusions and solid bitumens were identified in replacement and hydrothermal carbonate veins cross‐cutting Archaean metasedimentary rocks. The 2.55–2.63 billion years old metasedimentary rocks were found to be depleted of indigenous biomarkers. Here we show novel biomarker results from the solvent extraction of the carbonate veins. Volcanic rock blanks, outside rinses, and instrumental blanks showed no biomarkers, and the surrounding rocks were metamorphosed to a sufficiently high extent to not yield any biomarkers, but the biomarkers found in the veins are most likely indigenous. Biomarkers detected include C21−22 ααα‐ and αββ‐steranes (pregnanes), C27−29 αββ‐steranes, C19−26 tricyclic terpanes, C29−30,34 αβ‐hopanes, C30 17α‐diahopane, and trisnorhopanes, which are in the range 2–180 pg/g. The extracted organic matter is highly mature, based on the biomarker configurations and calculated vitrinite reflectance that ranges from 2.4–3.0 (methylphenanthrene index), 1.4–1.9 (methyladamantane index), and 1.4–2.3 (methyldiamantane index). As the biomarkers are highly mature and the biomarker assemblages have a distinctive pattern to each vein type the likelihood of sample contamination by recent, less mature, biomarkers from a different assemblage is unlikely. The detection of steranes suggests that molecular oxygen was available when the veins were formed, possibly between 2.2 and 1.8 billion years ago, but no evidence for oxygenic photosynthesis in the form of cyanobacterial biomarkers has been found. Carbonate minerals that seem to better preserve biomarkers, such as concretions or veins, show the growing importance of new and exciting opportunities to seek biomarkers in the early Earth rock record, and potentially on other planets. Our results demonstrate for that first time that biomarkers can be found in veins cutting through highly metamorphosed Archaean rocks, and gives an insight into ancient environments.
Mast cells and immunoexpression of FGF‐1 and Ki‐67 in rat subcutaneous tissue following the implantation of Biodentine and MTA Angelus
Authors: da Fonseca T. S. , Silva G. F. , Guerreiro‐Tanomaru J. M. , Sasso‐Cerri E. , Tanomaru‐Filho M. , Cerri P. S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo compare the formation of fibrous capsules around Biodentine and MTA Angelus implants as well as the participation of fibroblast growth factor‐1 (FGF‐1) and mast cells in the tissue response to these endodontic materials.MethodologySixty polyethylene tubes filled with Biodentine or MTA, and empty tubes (control group) were implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissues of male rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the specimens were embedded in paraffin and the number of fibroblasts and mast cells was quantified in the sections stained with Masson's trichrome or Alcian Blue, respectively. FGF‐1 and Ki‐67 were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the number of immunolabelled cells was computed. The collagen content was estimated in the picrosirius red‐stained sections. The data were subjected to two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsThe capsules were associated with a significant increase (P < 0.0001) in the number of fibroblasts and mast cells, and in the collagen content over time. A significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in the immunoexpression of FGF‐1 and Ki‐67 was observed in all groups from the 7th–60th day. At 60 days, the number of fibroblasts (P = 0.0226) and the collagen content (P < 0.0001) were significantly greater in MTA than Biodentine specimens, while the greatest number of mast cells and FGF‐1‐immunolabelled cells was observed in Biodentine specimens (P < 0.0001). A significant difference in Ki‐67 immunoexpression was not detected between specimens of Biodentine and MTA.ConclusionsThe collagen‐rich capsule formed slowly around Biodentine in comparison with MTA. FGF‐1 and mast cells participated in capsule remodelling, stimulating fibroblast proliferation and subsequent collagen production, in response to subcutaneous implants.
Needs of individuals recovering from a first episode of mental illness: A scoping review
Authors: Davies Ellen L. , Gordon Andrea L. , Pelentsov Lemuel J. , Hooper Kenneth J. , Esterman Adrian J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCentral to the role of mental health clinicians is the assessment of needs. A number of assessment tools have been used to evaluate the needs of individuals diagnosed with a mental illness. These tools have largely been developed for people with a severe and persistent mental illness and may not be suitable for individuals who are recovering from a first episode of mental illness. The aims of this review were therefore to identify the needs experienced by individuals recovering from a first episode of mental illness; determine what tools have been used to evaluate these needs; and explore whether existing tools adequately reflect the needs described in the literature. Twenty‐one articles were included, comprising articles which identified needs (n = 10), needs assessment tools (n = 1), or articles which identified both needs and a needs assessment tool (n = 10). Results indicate that individuals who have been admitted to a specialized mental health unit and are recovering from a first episode of mental illness may experience an extensive range of needs, spanning emotional, psychological, social, informational, functional, practical, and relationship needs. Four established needs assessment tools were found to have been used to evaluate these needs; however, these do not appear to represent all needs discovered in this review, were mostly developed for populations with a long‐term mental illness, and may not be suitable for assessing the needs of individuals recovering from a first episode of mental illness following a presentation to a specialized mental health unit.
HO‐1 regulates the function of Treg: Association with the immune intolerance in vitiligo
Authors: Zhang Qian , Cui Tingting , Chang Yuqian , Zhang Weigang , Li Shuli , He Yuanmin , Li Bing , Liu Ling , Wang Gang , Gao Tianwen , Li Chunying , Jian Zhe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn vitiligo, cutaneous depigmentation is accompanied by increased T cell cytolytic activity targeting melanocytes, indicating that autoimmune tolerance is disrupted. The inhibited amount and function of Tregs have been indicated to be involved in the autoimmune intolerance in vitiligo, however, with the conclusion still controversial and the involved mechanism unknown. In this study, we explored the molecular and cellular alterations accounting for the impaired Treg response in vitiligo. Our results showed that the amount of Tregs was drastically reduced in peripheral blood of active vitiligo patients. Furthermore, the immunoregulatory function of Tregs was attenuated, with lower expression of CTLA4, IL‐10 and TGF‐β. Moreover, the expression of HO‐1, a functional modulator of Tregs, was decreased in vitiligo Tregs, and the concentrations of HO‐1 metabolites, including bilirubin, CoHb and iron, were correspondingly decreased in serum of vitiligo patients. In addition, we treated the Tregs from vitiligo patients with Hemin, an agonist of HO‐1, and found that enhanced HO‐1 expression restored the function of Tregs by up‐regulating IL‐10 expression. Our study demonstrates the essential role of HO‐1 in the impaired Treg response in vitiligo and indicates the potential of HO‐1 as a therapeutic target in vitiligo management.
Clinical performance of non‐surgical periodontal therapy in a large Chinese population with generalized aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Jiao Jian , Zhang Li , Meng Huan‐Xin , Shi Dong , Lu Rui‐Fang , Xu Li , Feng Xiang‐Hui , Cao Zhan‐Qiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate clinical performance of non‐surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) and its influential factors in a large Chinese population with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP).Material and MethodsLongitudinal periodontal examination data of 1,004 GAgP patients (numbers of patients with observation periods 6 weeks~, 3 months~, 6 months~, 1 year~, 3 years~ and >5 years were 203, 310, 193, 205, 70 and 23, respectively) were extracted from a hospital‐based electronic periodontal charting record system and analysed by multilevel analysis.ResultsMean probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) reductions at patient level were 1.17 mm and 1.07 mm, respectively. Multilevel analysis demonstrated PD reductions after maintenance were mainly influenced by frequency of supportive periodontal treatment (FSPT), gender, adjunctive systemic use of antibiotics, baseline mobility, tooth type and baseline PD and bleeding index reductions were mainly influenced by FSPT, adjunctive systemic use of antibiotics, baseline AL, baseline mobility, tooth type and baseline PD.ConclusionThe clinical performance of NSPT on patients with GAgP was proved in the large Chinese population. Outcomes of NSPT were mainly influenced by FSPT, adjunctive systemic use of antibiotics, baseline mobility, tooth type and baseline PD.
Alleviation by abscisic acid of Al toxicity in rice bean is not associated with citrate efflux but depends on ABI5‐mediated signal transduction pathways
Authors: Fan Wei , Xu Jia Meng , Wu Pei , Yang Zhi Xin , Lou He Qiang , Chen Wei Wei , Jin Jian Fen , Zheng Shao Jian , Yang Jian Li 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnder conditions of aluminum (Al) toxicity, which severely inhibits root growth in acidic soils, plants rapidly alter their gene expression to optimize physiological fitness for survival. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been suggested as a mediator between Al stress and gene expression, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated ABA‐mediated Al‐stress responses, using integrated physiological and molecular biology approaches. We demonstrate that Al stress caused ABA accumulation in the root apex of rice bean (Vigna umbellata [Thunb.] Ohwi & Ohashi), which positively regulated Al tolerance. However, this was not associated with known Al‐tolerance mechanisms. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that nearly one‐third of the responsive genes were shared between the Al‐stress and ABA treatments. We further identified a transcription factor, ABI5, as being positively involved in Al tolerance. Arabidopsis abi5 mutants displayed increased sensitivity to Al, which was not related to the regulation of AtALMT1 and AtMATE expression. Functional categorization of ABI5‐mediated genes revealed the importance of cell wall modification and osmoregulation in Al tolerance, a finding supported by osmotic stress treatment on Al tolerance. Our results suggest that ABA signal transduction pathways provide an additional layer of regulatory control over Al tolerance in plants.
A randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of a Web‐based health behaviour change support system and group lifestyle counselling on body weight loss in overweight and obese subjects: 2‐year outcomes
Authors: Teeriniemi A.‐M. , Salonurmi T. , Jokelainen T. , Vähänikkilä H. , Alahäivälä T. , Karppinen P. , Enwald H. , Huotari M.‐L. , Laitinen J. , Oinas‐Kukkonen H. , Savolainen M. J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundWeight loss can prevent and treat obesity‐related diseases. However, lost weight is usually regained, returning to the initial or even higher levels in the long term. New counselling methods for maintaining lifestyle changes are urgently needed.ObjectivesAn information and communication technology‐based health behaviour change support system (HBCSS) that utilizes persuasive design and methods of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was developed with the aim of helping individuals to maintain body weight. The purpose of this study was to assess whether CBT‐based group counselling combined with HBCSS or HBCSS alone helps to maintain improved lifestyle changes needed for weight loss compared to self‐help guidance or usual care.MethodsA randomized lifestyle intervention for overweight or obese persons (BMI 27–35 kg m−2 and age 20–60 years), recruited from the population registry in the city of Oulu, Finland, was conducted. This study comprised six randomly assigned study arms: CBT‐based group counselling (eight sessions led by a nutritionist), self‐help guidance‐based group counselling (SHG; two sessions led by a nurse) and control, each with or without HCBSS, for 52 weeks. Subjects visited the study centre for anthropometric measurements, blood sample collection and to complete questionnaires at baseline, 12 and 24 months. The main outcome was weight change from baseline to 12 months and from baseline to 24 months.ResultsOf the 1065 volunteers screened for the study, 532 subjects (51% men) met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled. The retention rate was 80% at 12 months and 70% at 24 months. CBT‐based counselling with HBCSS produced the largest weight reduction without any significant weight gain during follow‐up. The mean weight change in this arm was 4.1% [95% confidence interval (CI), −5.4 to −2.8, P < 0.001) at 12 months and 3.4% (95% CI, −4.8 to −2.0, P < 0.001) at 24 months. HBCSS even without any group counselling reduced the mean weight by 1.6% (95% CI, −2.9 to −0.3, P = 0.015) at 24 months.ConclusionThe combination of CBT‐based group counselling and HBCSS‐based weight management is feasible for overweight or obese individuals. Moreover, HBCSS alone could be disseminated to the population at large as an effective means of treating obesity.
Bayesian population pharmacokinetic modeling of florfenicol in pigs after intravenous and intramuscular administration
Authors: Liu Zhichang , Rong Ting , Zeng Dongping , Shen Xiangguang , Ma Xianyong , Zeng Zhenling 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBayesian population pharmacokinetic models of florfenicol in healthy pigs were developed based on retrospective data in pigs either via intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) administration. Following i.v. administration, the disposition of florfenicol was best described by a two‐compartment open model with the typical values of half‐life at α phase (t1/2α), half‐life at β phase (t1/2β), total body clearance (Cl), and volume of distribution (Vd) were 0.132 ± 0.0289, 2.78 ± 0.166 hr, 0.215 ± 0.0102, and 0.841 ± 0.0289 L kg−1, respectively. The disposition of florfenicol after i.m. administration was best described by a one‐compartment open model. The typical values of maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax), elimination half‐life (t1/2Kel), Cl, and Volume (V) were 5.52 ± 0.605 μg/ml, 9.96 ± 1.12 hr, 0.228 ± 0.0154 L hr−1 kg−1, and 3.28 ± 0.402 L/kg, respectively. The between‐subject variabilities of all the parameters after i.m. administration were between 25.1%–92.1%. Florfenicol was well absorbed (94.1%) after i.m. administration. According to Monte Carlo simulation, 8.5 and 6 mg/kg were adequate to exert 90% bactericidal effect against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae after i.v. and i.m. administration.
Reductions in tree performance during hotter droughts are mitigated by shifts in nitrogen cycling
Authors: Grossiord Charlotte , Gessler Arthur , Reed Sasha C. , Borrego Isaac , Collins Adam D. , Dickman Lee T. , Ryan Max , Schönbeck Leonie , Sevanto Sanna , Vilagrosa Alberto , McDowell Nate G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClimate warming should result in hotter droughts of unprecedented severity in this century. Such droughts have been linked with massive tree mortality, and data suggest that warming interacts with drought to aggravate plant performance. Yet how forests will respond to hotter droughts remains unclear, as does the suite of mechanisms trees use to deal with hot droughts. We used an ecosystem‐scale manipulation of precipitation and temperature on piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma) trees to investigate nitrogen (N) cycling‐induced mitigation processes related to hotter droughts. We found that while negative impacts on plant carbon and water balance are manifest after prolonged drought, performance reductions were not amplified by warmer temperatures. Rather, increased temperatures for 5 years stimulated soil N cycling under piñon trees and modified tree N allocation for both species, resulting in mitigation of hotter drought impacts on tree water and carbon functions. These findings suggest that adjustments in N cycling are likely after multi‐year warming conditions and that such changes may buffer reductions in tree performance during hotter droughts. The results highlight our incomplete understanding of trees' ability to acclimate to climate change, raising fundamental questions about the resistance potential of forests to long‐term, compound climatic stresses.
Tornado Damage Mitigation: Homeowner Support for Enhanced Building Codes in Oklahoma
Authors: Ripberger Joseph T. , Jenkins‐Smith Hank C. , Silva Carol L. , Czajkowski Jeffrey , Kunreuther Howard , Simmons Kevin M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTornadoes impose enormous costs on society. Relatively simple and inexpensive enhancements to building codes may reduce these costs by 30% or more, but only one city in the United States has adopted these codes. Why is this the case? This analysis addresses this question by examining homeowner support for more stringent building codes in Oklahoma, a conservative state that routinely experiences damaging tornadoes. Survey data show that support for mandatory mitigation policies like building codes is subject to countervailing forces. Push dynamics, including objective risk data, homeowners’ risk perceptions, and damage experience, encourage support for mitigation. Pull dynamics, such as individualistic and conservative worldviews, and skepticism about climate change, generate opposition. At the margin, the pull dynamics appear to exert more force than push dynamics, creating only a weak basis of support that is not strong enough to overcome the status quo bias in a state that is cautious about regulatory measures. The concluding section offers suggestions for changing these dynamics.
The sediment budget and dynamics of a delta‐canyon‐lobe system over the Anthropocene timescale: The Rhone River delta, Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France)
Authors: Silva Tiago A. , Girardclos Stéphanie , Stutenbecker Laura , Bakker Maarten , Costa Anna , Schlunegger Fritz , Lane Stuart N. , Molnar Peter , Loizeau Jean‐Luc 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDeltas are important coastal sediment accumulation zones in both marine and lacustrine settings. However, currents derived from tides, waves or rivers can transfer that sediment into distal, deep environments, connecting terrestrial and deep marine depozones. The sediment transfer system of the Rhone River in Lake Geneva is composed of a sublacustrine delta, a deeply incised canyon and a distal lobe, which resembles, at a smaller scale, deep‐sea fan systems fed by high discharge rivers. From the comparison of two bathymetric datasets, collected in 1891 and 2014, a sediment budget was calculated for eastern Lake Geneva, based on which sediment distribution patterns were defined. During the past 125 years, sediment deposition occurred mostly in three high sedimentation rate areas: the proximal delta front, the canyon‐levée system and the distal lobe. Mean sedimentation rates in these areas vary from 0·0246 m year−1 (distal lobe) to 0·0737 m year−1 (delta front). Although the delta front–levées–distal lobe complex only comprises 17·0% of the analysed area, it stored 74·9% of the total deposited sediment. Results show that 52·5% of the total sediment stored in this complex was transported toward distal locations through the sublacustrine canyon. Namely, the canyon–levée complex stored 15·9% of the total sediment, while 36·6% was deposited in the distal lobe. The results thus show that in deltaic systems where density currents can occur regularly, a significant proportion of riverine sediment input may be transferred to the canyon‐lobe systems leading to important distal sediment accumulation zones.
The clinical and economic impact of cytomegalovirus infection in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Webb Brandon J. , Harrington Rachel , Schwartz Jason , Kammerer Jennifer , Spalding James , Lee Edward , Dodds Bart , Kaufusi Stephanie , Goodman Bruce E. , Firth Sean D. , Martin Greta , Sorensen Jeffrey , Hoda Daanish 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundCMV infection (CMV‐I) remains an important complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsThis was a retrospective, single‐center cohort study in HSCT recipients. Primary outcomes were adjusted cost and all‐cause mortality. Secondary analyses investigated CMV risk factors and the effect of serostatus.ResultsOverall, 690 transplant episodes were included (allogeneic [n = 310]; autologous [n = 380]). All received preemptive CMV antiviral therapy at first detectable DNAemia. CMV‐I occurred in 34.8% of allogeneic and 2.1% of autologous transplants; median time to onset was 45 days. In allogeneic HSCT recipients, the primary risk factor for CMV‐I was CMV donor/recipient (D/R) serostatus. In a Markov multi‐state model for allogeneic HSCT recipients, the hazard ratio for CMV‐I and relapse was 1.5 (95% CI 0.8‐2.8) and for CMV‐I and mortality 2.4 (95% CI 0.9‐6.5). In a multivariable model for all patients, CMV‐I was associated with increased total cost (coefficient = 0.21, estimated incremental daily cost USD $500; P = 0.02). Cost was attenuated in allogeneic HSCT recipients (coefficient = 0.13, USD $699 vs $613, or $24 892 per transplant episode; P = 0.23). CMV disease (CMV‐D) complicated 29.6% of CMV‐I events in allogeneic HSCT recipients, but was not associated with an incrementally increased adjusted risk of mortality compared with CMV‐I alone. CMV‐I (56.4%) and CMV‐D (19.8%) were significantly overrepresented in D−/R+ serostatus HSCT recipients, and mortality was higher in R+ HSCT recipients.ConclusionsDespite early preemptive antiviral treatment, CMV‐I impacts clinical outcomes and cost after HSCT, but the impact on cost is less pronounced in allogeneic HSCT recipients compared with autologous HSCT recipients.
Safety and efficacy of chronic suppressive azole therapy for endemic fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Trinh Sonya A. , Echenique Ignacio A. , Penugonda Sudhir , Angarone Michael P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the research is limited, treatment guidelines recommend lifelong suppressive azole therapy for disseminated endemic fungal infection (EFI) after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Suppressive azole therapy may prevent EFI recurrence at the risk of hepatotoxicity and drug interactions. We present real‐world safety and effectiveness data of chronic suppressive azole therapy for EFI in SOT recipients over a 10‐year period at a single comprehensive transplant center.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of SOT recipients diagnosed with EFI from January 1, 2005, to May 1, 2015. Chronic suppressive azole therapy was defined as treatment for more than 12 months after diagnosis. Effectiveness of suppression was defined as preventing EFI reactivation. Safety endpoints included adverse reactions and drug interactions.ResultsOver a 10‐year period, 28 SOT recipients were diagnosed with EFI: 16 histoplasmosis, 9 blastomycosis, and 3 coccidioidomycosis. Eighteen (64%) patients were treated with chronic suppressive azole therapy for a median length of 36 months (range 15‐90). One patient had an adverse drug interaction requiring azole discontinuation. There were no episodes of azole‐related hepatotoxicity, toxicity from antirejection medication, or EFI reactivation.ConclusionsChronic suppressive azole therapy was safe and effective in preventing reactivation of EFI in SOT recipients.