bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalizing Countercurrent Processes: Distillation and Beyond
Authors: Münzberg Stephan , Vu Truong Giang , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe implementation and exploitation of countercurrent movement between different phases is a well‐established principle to enhance the performance of separation processes. The improvements are essentially due to the establishment and application of more favorable driving forces compared to co‐current operation. The success of dedicated multistage countercurrent distillation processes has been a key motivator for the development of many other principles of countercurrent separation processes. This promoting aspect was strongly supported by the availability of graphical solutions of the underlying mass balance equations, e.g. the McCabe‐Thiele diagram. Selected applications of countercurrent separation processes are presented, which demonstrate extensions exploiting spatial and temporal sub‐structures and additional phase changes.
Protecting the gains: What changes are needed to prevent a reversal of the downward cardiovascular disease mortality trend?
Authors: Ortendahl Jesse D. , Diamant Allison L. , Toth Peter P. , Cherepanov Dasha , Harmon Amanda L. , Broder Michael S. 
Published: October 2018

AimsCardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has decreased over 60% over the past 50 years in the United States; however, emerging data indicate CVD incidence may be rising because of shifting demographics, increasing risk factor prevalence, and competing needs for limited resources. We projected CVD mortality from 2015 to 2040 given varying informed assumptions regarding changes in risk factor prevalence, uptake of current therapeutic options, and future innovations.MethodsA microsimulation model was used to project US CVD mortality trends. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were used to estimate population‐level trends in CVD risk factors. Risk factors were used to generate Framingham Risk Scores for cohorts of 1 000 000 individuals from the general population to determine each individuals' CVD risk. Annual cardiovascular incidence, prevalence, and mortality were projected for scenarios differing by uptake of current therapies, anticipated pharmaceutical innovations with variable efficacy, risk factor prevalence, and changes in health disparities.ResultsWhen incorporating a demographic shift, continued changes in risk factors, current treatment utilization, and no major innovations, we predicted the CVD mortality rate would increase 41% by 2040. If innovations providing incremental benefits equal to those associated with the introduction of statins are identified and widely utilized, CVD mortality could remain constant through 2040. With more efficacious innovations, CVD mortality could be further reduced.ConclusionsGiven demographic and risk prevalence changes, increasing access and adherence to current preventative therapeutics could slow the expected mortality increase, but new therapies may be needed to maintain the downward trend in CVD deaths.
A feasibility study of breast cancer genetic risk assessment in a federally qualified health center
Authors: Hoskins Kent F. , Tejeda Silvia , Vijayasiri Ganga , Chukwudozie Ifeanyi Beverly , Remo Mylene H. , Shah Hiral A. , Abraham Ivy E. , Balay Lara E. , Maga Tara K. , Searles Ericka R. , Korah Veena J. , Biggers Alana , Stolley Melinda R. , Warnecke Richard B. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDThe US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) endorses routine screening for genetic risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer as a component of primary health care. Implementation of this recommendation may prove challenging, especially in clinics serving disadvantaged communities.METHODSThe authors tested the feasibility of implementing the USPSTF mandate at a federally qualified health center (FQHC) to identify women who were eligible for genetic counseling (GC). A 12‐month usual‐care phase was followed by a 12‐month intervention phase, during which time cancer genetic risk assessment (CGRA) was systematically performed for all women aged 25 to 69 years who presented for an annual examination. Women who were eligible for GC were recruited to participate in the study.RESULTSAfter initiating CGRA, 112 women who were eligible for GC consented to study participation, and 56% of them received a referral for GC from their primary care physician. A subgroup of 50 participants were seen by the same primary care physician during both the usual‐care and intervention phases. None of these patients was referred for GC during usual care, compared with 64% after the initiation of CGRA (P < .001). Only 16% of referred participants attended a GC session.CONCLUSIONSImplementing USPSTF recommendations for CGRA as a standard component of primary health care in FQHCs is feasible and improves referral of minority women for GC, but more work is needed to understand the beliefs and barriers that prevent many underserved women from accessing cancer genetic services.
Immunolocalization suggests a role of the histamine‐gated chloride channel PxHCLB in spectral opponent processing in butterfly photoreceptors
Authors: Chen Pei‐Ju , Matsushita Atsuko , Wakakuwa Motohiro , Arikawa Kentaro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpectrally opponent responses, that is, wavelength‐dependent inversions of response polarity, have been observed at the level of photoreceptors in butterflies. As inter‐photoreceptor connections have been found in the butterfly Papilio xuthus, and histamine is the only neurotransmitter so far identified in insect photoreceptors, we hypothesize that histaminergic sign‐inverting synapses exist in the lamina between different spectral receptors as a mechanism for spectral opponency as in the medulla of Drosophila. Here, we localized two histamine‐gated chloride channels, PxHCLA (Drosophila Ort homolog) and PxHCLB (Drosophila HisCl1 homolog), in the visual system of Papilio xuthus by using specific antisera. The antiPxHCLA labeling was associated with the membrane of nonphotoreceptor cells that are postsynaptic to photoreceptors, while the antiPxHCLB labeling overlapped with photoreceptor axons, indicating that PxHCLB is expressed at inter‐photoreceptor synapses: PxHCLB is likely involved in producing spectral opponency at the first visual synapses. Color processing in Papilio may appear earlier than previously hypothesized in insect visual systems.
Hybrid context modeling and wavelet transform for region of interest detection and rate control based on VP9 video codec
Authors: Zhang Zhewei , Jing Tao , Tian Chunhua , Gao Meilin , Li Xuejing 
Published: October 2018

SummaryRegion of interest detection is a useful technique in video encoding. This work presents a model to distinguish region of interest area based on VP9 video codec. The model contains high motion, contrast, color sensitive areas which fits for human visual system. A hybrid detection algorithm, including Wavelet Transform and Context Modeling method, is proposed. The algorithm approximately reveals ROI details for the sake of pursuing computing time. In ROI‐based encoding, adjusting encoding parameters for region of interest (ROI) during the encoding procedure can bring turbulence in bits output, a rate control model is established in this work. We also design a rate control mechanism for ROI encoding mode both in CBR and VBR to maintain the output bit rate stable. The encoding parameter are set specifically in different ROI areas to improve both visual effects and PSNR. The proposed detection method and rate control mechanism work well in VP9 codec and contribute saving bits according to experimental results.
Driving characteristics of an electromagnet‐assisted ferrite magnet motor
Authors: Motoki Kazuki , Fukami Tadashi , Koyama Masato , Mori Takeshi , Yamada Masaki , Nakano Masatsugu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this article, the driving characteristics of an electromagnet‐assisted ferrite magnet motor (EMaFM) are investigated using a 1.5‐kW prototype machine. The EMaFM is a new type of synchronous motor, which combines a ferrite magnet motor with an electromagnet motor. Finite element analysis and experimental results show the following. (1) A wide constant power range as well as high torque at low speeds can be achieved by assisting the torque with the built‐in electromagnet motor. (2) It is possible to reduce the losses and improve the efficiency by adjusting the field current according to the operating conditions.
The analgesic efficacy of morphine varies with rat strain and experimental pain model: implications for target validation efforts in pain drug discovery
Authors: Hestehave Sara , Abelson Klas S. P. , Brønnum Pedersen Tina , Munro Gordon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundTranslating efficacy of analgesic drugs from animal models to humans remains challenging. Reasons are multifaceted, but lack of sufficiently rigorous preclinical study design criteria and phenotypically relevant models may be partly responsible. To begin to address this fundamental issue, we assessed the analgesic efficacy of morphine in three inbred rat strains (selected based on stress reactivity and affective/pain phenotypes), and outbred Sprague Dawley (SD) rats supplied from two vendors.MethodsSensitivity to morphine (0.3–6.0 mg/kg, s.c.) was evaluated in the hot plate test of acute thermal nociception, the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) model of inflammatory‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia, and in a locomotor motility assay in male rats from the following strains; Lewis (LEW), Fischer (F344), Wistar Kyoto (WKY), and SD's from Envigo and Charles River.ResultsF344 and SD rats were similarly sensitive to morphine in hot plate and CFA‐induced inflammatory hyperalgesia (Minimum Effective Dose (MED) = 3.0 mg/kg). WKY rats developed a less robust mechanical hypersensitivity after CFA injection, and were less sensitive to morphine in both pain tests (MED = 6.0 mg/kg). LEW rats were completely insensitive to morphine in the hot plate test, in contrast to the reversal of CFA‐induced hyperalgesia (MED = 3.0 mg/kg). All strains exhibited a dose‐dependent reduction in locomotor activity at 3.0–6.0 mg/kg.ConclusionSensory phenotyping in response to acute thermal and inflammatory‐induced pain, and sensitivity to morphine in various inbred and outbred rat strains indicates that different pathophysiological mechanisms are engaged after injury. This could have profound implications for translating preclinical drug discovery efforts into pain patients.SignificanceThe choice of rat strain used in preclinical pain research can profoundly affect the outcome of experiments in relation to (a) nociceptive threshold responses, and (b) efficacy to analgesic treatment, in assays of acute and tonic inflammatory nociceptive pain.
Associations of food addiction and nonsuicidal self‐injury among women with an eating disorder: A common strategy for regulating emotions?
Authors: Carlson Lily , Steward Trevor , Agüera Zaida , Mestre‐Bach Gemma , Magaña Pablo , Granero Roser , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Claes Laurence , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Menchón José M. , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the association between lifetime nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), emotion regulation, and food addiction (FA) in women (n = 220) with eating disorders (ED) compared with (n = 121) healthy controls (HC).MethodParticipants were assessed via face‐to‐face interviews for ED diagnosis and lifetime NSSI. FA was assessed with Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and emotion regulation using the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS).ResultsThe prevalence of FA was significantly higher among women with an ED when compared with HC (75.9% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.001). Similarly, subjects presenting FA showed a high prevalence of lifetime NSSI, in both ED and HC (40.7% and 60.0%, respectively). Our predictive model revealed FA and DERS total scores as indicators of the presence of lifetime NSSI independent of group assignment, ED diagnosis, and age.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a shared aetiology between ED, NSSI, and FA, explained possibly in part by emotion‐regulation deficits.
Association of raisin and raisin‐containing food consumption with nutrient intake and diet quality in US children: NHANES 2001‐2012
Authors: Fulgoni Victor L. , Painter James , Carughi Arianna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundRaisins are a commonly consumed dried fruit and given their nutrient profile may offer nutritional and health benefits.ObjectiveTo examine the association between consumption of raisins and raisin‐containing foods with nutrient intake and dietary quality in children.MethodsNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for 2001–2012 in those 2–18 years of age (n = 20,175) were used. Consumers of raisins (n = 154, 51.6% female) and raisin‐containing foods (n = 1,993, 52.5% female) were defined as reporting any consumption of raisins and raisin‐containing foods, respectively, during the first 24‐hr diet recall. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)‐2010. Regression analyses were conducted comparing consumers and nonconsumers using appropriate sample weights and adjusted for demographic and lifestyle covariates with significance set at p < 0.01.ResultsRegarding “nutrients of public health concern/shortfall nutrients” and “nutrients to limit,” raisin consumers had higher intakes of dietary fiber (23%), potassium (16%), magnesium (12%) with lower intakes of added sugars (−19%) than nonconsumers. Similarly, consumers of raisin‐containing foods also had higher intakes of dietary fiber (15%), potassium (5%), magnesium (11%), iron (6%), vitamin A (10%), and vitamin E (13%) and lower intake of sodium (−5%). Consumers of raisin and raisin‐containing foods had higher intakes of fruits (60%, 16%, respectively), whole fruits (119%, 23%, respectively) and whole grains (44%, 93%, respectively) and had a better diet quality as per higher total HEI 2010 scores (22%, 8%, respectively) than nonconsumers.ConclusionIn conclusion, consumption of raisins or raisin‐containing foods was associated with better nutrient intake and diet quality in American children.
Artificial Mushroom Sponge Structure for Highly Efficient and Inexpensive Cold‐Water Steam Generation
Authors: Gao Xiujun , Lan Haihang , Li Songru , Lu Xubing , Zeng Min , Gao Xingsen , Wang Qianming , Zhou Guofu , Liu Jun‐Ming , Naughton Michael J. , Kempa Krzysztof , Gao Jinwei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA bioinspired structure of an artificial mushroom, made of the common polyvinyl alcohol sponge coated with charcoal, is fabricated, with high efficiency in generating cold water steam of ≈73% under 1 sun illumination, due to very high light absorption, efficient water supply, and low heat loss. In addition, the structure is very inexpensive, and thus ideal for applications in portable cold (boil‐free) steam generators for water purification and desalination.
Reinforcing materials for polymeric tissue engineering scaffolds: A review
Authors: Bakht Khosh Hagh Haleh , Farshi Azhar Fahimeh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFinal purpose of tissue engineering is to regenerate or repair damaged tissues or organs. Desired repair efficacy necessitates proper physicochemical performances of scaffolds, among which adequate mechanical properties are crucial. Therefore, reinforcing tissue engineering scaffolds has been a hot research trend in recent years. In this regard, the use of some biomaterials as reinforcing materials is a longstanding area of interest. This article introduces the most popular reinforcing materials and focuses on recent advances in the use of these materials for reinforcing mechanical properties of tissue engineering scaffolds. A classification based on materials nature, for example, bioceramics, clays, carbon‐based materials, and metal oxides, is provided, followed by their effects on scaffolds properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1560–1575, 2019.
The effects of substrate‐mediated electrical stimulation on the promotion of osteogenic differentiation and its optimization
Authors: Hu Wei‐Wen , Chen Tun‐Chi , Tsao Chia‐Wen , Cheng Yu‐Che 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo explore the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on osteogenesis, a polypyrrole (PPy)‐made electrical culture system was developed to provide a direct‐current electric field (DCEF). This DCEF device was applied to treat differentiated rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) once in different stages of osteo‐differentation to investigate its temporal effects. The mineralization results showed that the DCEF treatment not only accelerated cell differentiation but also promoted the saturation levels, and the ES on day 8 was the group demonstrated the optimal result. The gene regulation analysis indicated that the DCEF treatment immediately increased the levels of genes related to osteo‐differentiation, especially Runx2. Because Runx2 is a crucial transcriptional factor of osteogenesis, the ES‐caused improvement of mineralization was likely contributed by the extension of its expression. Further, different ES modes were investigated of their efficacy on bone matrix deposition. Square waves with different parameters including frequency, offset, amplitude, and duty cycle were systematically examined. In contrast to constant voltage, square waves demonstrated periodical changes of current through substrate to significantly improve mineralization, and the efficiencies highly depended on both frequency and intensity. Through this comprehensive study, DCEF treating condition was optimized, which should be beneficial to its application on osteogenesis promotion. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1607–1619, 2019.
Weathering the storm: A case of thyroid storm refractory to conventional treatment benefiting from therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Wyble Aaron J. , Moore Steven C. , Yates Sean G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThyroid storm is a severe manifestation of thyrotoxicosis characterized by systemic organ dysfunction secondary to a hypermetabolic state. Although antithyroid drugs, steroids, beta‐blockers, antipyretics, and cholestyramine are the standard of care, some patients inadequately respond to these conventional therapies. Therapeutic plasma exchange has been previously utilized as a treatment modality in patients with a poor response to routine therapies or with contraindications to them. Herein, we report our experience with the management of a case of thyroid storm refractory to conventional treatment but responsive to therapeutic plasma exchange.
Retracted: Overexpression of microRNA‐590‐3p promotes the proliferation of and inhibits the apoptosis of myocardial cells through inhibition of the NF‐κB signaling pathway by binding to RIPK1
Authors: Zhao Can , Jiang Jing , Wang Yong‐Liang , Wu Yong‐Quan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIschemic heart disease is widely considered as a major health threat, which causes a high number of deaths every year worldwide. Much evidence has shown that oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). This study aims to evaluate the effect of miR‐590‐3p on the OS of IRI mice through the nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway by targeting receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). IRI mouse models were established for extracting myocardial tissues and isolating myocardial cells. The expression of inflammatory related‐factors was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in tissues were determined. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to assess the role of miR‐590‐3p in the expression of NF‐κB‐related factors and apoptosis‐related factors. Besides, the regulatory effects of miR‐590‐3p on myocardial cell proliferation and apoptosis were also assessed. According to the obtained results, we found that IRI mice displayed higher expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and interferon‐γ, lower expression of IL‐10 in serum, a decreased SOD level, and an increased MDA level. In addition, RIPK1 was determined as a target gene of miR‐590‐3p. After transfection of overexpressed miR‐590‐3p or si‐RIPK1, declined RIPK1, NF‐κB, Toll‐like receptor 4, caspase‐3, FasL, p53, and c‐myc levels, increased B‐cell lymphoma‐2 level, promoted cell proliferation, promoted cell cycle distribution and inhibited apoptosis of myocardial cells were found. Our study demonstrates that miR‐590‐3p can alleviate the OS of IRI mice through the inhibition of the RIPK1 and NF‐κB signaling pathway. Thus, miR‐590‐3p represents a potential target for IRI repair.
Selective beta‐blocker esmolol improves cerebral cortex microcirculation in a swine ventricular fibrillation model
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Yuan Wei , Li Jie , Li Jiebin , Wu Junyuan , Zhao Yongzhen , Li Chunsheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to identify whether esmolol attenuates cerebral cortex microcirculation blood flow due to epinephrine in prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and may improve neurological prognosis.MethodsMale pigs were randomized into the esmolol+epinephrine group (group EE), the epinephrine group (group EP), and the normal saline group (group NS) (n = 8 each group). Untreated VF for 8 minutes was induced in pigs. After CPR for 2 minutes, group EE received esmolol (500 µg/kg)+epinephrine (20 µg/kg), group EP received epinephrine 20 µg/kg, and group NS received 5 mL normal saline. Then, a 120 J electric shock was delivered. If the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) failed, epinephrine (20 µg/kg) was repeated in group EP and EE, followed by another 2 minutes of CPR, a 150 J electric shock was delivered every 2 minutes until ROSC. Cerebral microcirculation images were obtained at 0.5, 6, 12, and 24 hours by cranial windows after ROSC. Cerebral performance category scores and neurological deficit scores (NDS) were calculated. The frontal cortices were harvested after the animals were euthanized.ResultsThe NDS, the perfused vessel density, and the microcirculatory ﬂow index of group EE were better than other two groups. The morphology of endothelial cells in the group EE remained intact; however, it was destroyed in the group EP.ConclusionsAdministration of esmolol with epinephrine may alleviate the impairment of cerebral microcirculation blood flow caused by the administration of epinephrine in prolonged VF and thereby improves neurological outcomes in a swine model.
Investigation of LINC00342 as a poor prognostic biomarker for human patients with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tang Huaping , Zhao Lei , Li Meng , Li Tingtian , Hao Yueqin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCyclic long noncoding RNAs have recently become major players in cancer biology and can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and as potential therapeutic targets. We explored circulating LINC00342 as a predictor of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of LINC00342 in tissues, serum, PBMC, and NSCLC cell lines were screened by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A multistage validation and risk score formula detection analysis was used. The effect of LINC00342 on proliferation was assessed by MTT, p53, and PTEN pathways, which were analyzed by Western blot analysis. We found that LINC00342 was upregulated in the tissues, serum, and PBMC of patients with NSCLC. In addition, patients with higher LINC00342 expression levels were associated with poor overall survival. For the diagnosis of NSCLC, the specificity and sensitivity of LINC00342 were significantly higher than that of CYFRA 21‐1. Moreover, LINC00342 promoted proliferation by inhibiting the expression of p53 and PTEN proteins in NSCLC cell lines. Our study demonstrates that LINC00342 is involved in the development, and LINC00342 may be a potential diagnostic factor and a target for new therapies for future patients with NSCLC.