bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Google Glass for Photographic Documentation in Veterinary Forensic Pathology: Usability Study
Authors: Piegari Giuseppe , Iovane Valentina , Carletti Vincenzo , Fico Rosario , Costagliola Alessandro , De Biase Davide , Prisco Francesco , Paciello Orlando 
Published: May 2018

Background
Google Glass is a head-mounted device designed in the shape of a pair of eyeglasses equipped with a 5.0-megapixel integrated camera and capable of taking pictures with simple voice commands.

Objective
The objective of our study was to determine whether Google Glass is fit for veterinary forensic pathology purposes.

Methods
A total of 44 forensic necropsies of 2 different species (22 dogs and 22 cats) were performed by 2 pathologists; each pathologist conducted 11 necropsies of each species and, for each photographic acquisition, the images were taken with a Google Glass device and a Nikon D3200 digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. The pictures were collected, divided into 3 groups (based on the external appearance of the animal, organs, and anatomical details), and evaluated by 5 forensic pathologists using a 5-point score system. The parameters assessed were overall color settings, region of interest, sharpness, and brightness. To evaluate the difference in mean duration between necropsies conduced with Google Glass and DSLR camera and to assess the battery consumption of the devices, an additional number of 16 necropsies were performed by the 2 pathologists. In these cases, Google Glass was used for photographic reports in 8 cases (4 dogs and 4 cats) and a Nikon D3200 reflex camera in the other 8 cases. Statistical evaluations were performed to assess the differences in ratings between the quality of the images taken with both devices.

Results
The images taken with Google Glass received significantly lower ratings than those acquired with reflex camera for all 4 assessed parameters (P<.001). In particular, for the pictures of Groups A and B taken with Google Glass, the sum of frequency of ratings 5 (very good) and 4 (good) was between 50% and 77% for all 4 assessed parameters. The lowest ratings were observed for the pictures of Group C, with a sum of frequency of ratings 5 and 4 of 21.1% (342/1602) for region of interest, 26% (421/1602) for sharpness, 35.5% (575/1602) for overall color settings, and 61.4% (995/1602) for brightness. Furthermore, we found a significant reduction in the mean execution time for necropsy conduced with the Google Glass with respect to the reflex group (P<.001). However, Google Glass drained the battery very quickly.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that Google Glass is usable in veterinary forensic pathology. In particular, the image quality of Groups A and B seemed adequate for forensic photographic documentation purposes, although the quality was lower than that with the reflex camera. However, in this step of development, the high frequency of poor ratings observed for the pictures of Group C suggest that the device is not suitable for taking pictures of small anatomical details or close-ups of the injuries.
PLANO DE MARKETING - COMPROMISSO NA BUSCA DE RESULTADOS: ENTRE O SABER E O FAZER NO ARQUIVO CENTRAL DO IFPB[1]
Authors: Silva Sildete Pereira da , Pinheiro Edna Gomes 
Published: May 2018

Enfatiza o plano de marketing como uma ferramenta de gestão que possibilita os arquivos institucionais tomar decisões com relação a objetivos, metas, ações de divulgação e comunicação necessárias para a satisfação de seus usuários. Constrói a fundamentação teórica com informações sobre arquivo e documento. Elege a importância do marketing para a gestão de unidade de informação, especialmente, os arquivos. Ressalta a relevância do composto de marketing, e do plano de marketing. Traz uma análise situacional do Arquivo Central do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba, Campus/João Pessoa. Detecta problemas enfrentados nessa unidade de informação e, a partir deles elaborar um plano de marketing com a finalidade de orientar as estratégias e as ações para melhoria da eficiência, eficácia e efetividade dos serviços ofertados por esse órgão. Aponta que nesse sentido o plano desenvolvido aborda três pontos essenciais: atendimento, estrutura espacial, implantação da digitalização de documentos versus criação do programa de Gerenciamento Eletrônico de Documentos–GED. É uma pesquisa exploratória, de cunho bibliográfico, de natureza quanti-qualitativa. Utiliza o questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados. Conclui que os arquivos para obter o grau de excelência na gestão, precisam aderir às novas ferramentas do mercado, especialmente, aderir ao marketing como recurso para melhorar seus serviços, e sua relação usuário-organização.
Diagnóstico arquivístico como instrumento à proposta de uma política de gestão de documentos: um relato de experiência no SEBRAE/PB
Authors: Feitoza Rayan Aramís de Brito , Almeida Sonia Scoralick de , Lima Ediene Souza de 
Published: May 2018

Os arquivos das organizações armazenam documentos produzidos a partir de suas atividades e precisam estar previamente organizados, a fim de proporcionarem o acesso, uso e disponibilização eficiente do documento arquivístico. Esta pesquisa objetiva apresentar um relato da experiência vivenciada no arquivo do Sebrae/PB sobre a importância do diagnóstico arquivístico como instrumento à proposta de uma política de gestão de documentos que visa reduzir incertezas e subsidiar as ações, à medida que essa informação seja administrada com economia e eficácia e permita decisões rápidas e seguras. É uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Constatou-se que a situação documental do arquivo do Sebrae/PB apresenta uma realidade que culmina no desconhecimento da importância das técnicas arquivísticas que, quando aliadas à Tecnologias da Informação, colaboram diretamente com a eficiência do uso do sistema de Gestão Eletrônica de Documentos. O diagnóstico arquivístico apresenta-se, portanto, como um instrumento imprescindível para identificar a situação do arquivo e subsidiar uma eficiente política de gestão de documentos.
Herbisida campuran Imazapic 262,5 G.L-1 dan Imazapir 87,5 G.L-1 sebagai pengendali gulma umum pada budidaya tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Umiyati Uum , Kurniadie Denny , Pratama A. F. 
Published: May 2018

Tebu adalah tanaman yang menghasilkan bahan pemanis berupa gula pasir.Hasil gula pasir dapat menurun akibat kompetisi gulma. Pengendalian menggunakan herbisida dapat menekan gulma dan meningkatkan pertum-buhan tanaman tebu. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis aplikasi herbisida campuran Imazapic 262,5 g.L-1 dan Imazapir 87,5 g.L-1 yang terbaik dalam mengendalikan gulma umum di lahan budidaya tebu. Perco-baan dilakukan di PG. Rajawali, Cirebon, Jawa Barat pada bulan Maret - Mei 2014. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Sederhana yang terdiri dari tujuh perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari A) herbisida campuran Imazapic dan Imazapir dengan dosis 0,75 l.ha-1, B) herbisida campuran Imazapic dan Imazapir dengan dosis 0,625 l.ha-1, C) herbisida campuran Imazapic dan Imazapir dengan dosis 0,5 l.ha-1, D) herbisida campuran Imazapic dan Imazapir dengan dosis 0,375 l.ha-1, E) herbisida campuran Imazapic dan Imazapir dengan dosis 0,25 l.ha-1, F) penyiangan manual 1x, dan G) kontrol. Hasil percobaan menun-jukkan bahwa aplikasi herbi-sida campuran Imazapic 262,5 g.L-1 dan Imazapir 87,5 g.L-1 dapat mengendalikan gulma Digitaria ciliaris (retz.) koel dari 4 MSA sampai 12 MSA, Digitaria sanguinaslis (L.) Scop dari 8 MSA sampai 12 MSA dan gulma total pada 4 MSA dan 12 MSA dengan dosis 0,5 l.ha-1. Aplikasi herbisida campuran Imazapic dan Imazapir tidak berpe-ngaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, dan jumlah anakan pada tanaman tebu. Campuran herbisida Imazapic dan Imazapir dengan dosis 0,25 l.ha-1 sampai 0,75 l.ha-1 tidak menyebabkan fitotok-sisitas pada tanaman tebu. Kata kunci : Tebu ∙ Herbisida ∙ Imazapic ∙ Imazapir
Pengaruh Benzyl Amino Purine dan coumarin terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil benih kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) G2 kultivar granola
Authors: Nurjanah Nurjanah , Nuraini Anne 
Published: May 2018

Percobaan ini dilakukan dari bulan Maret hingga Juni 2014 di Rumah Plastik Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padja-djaran Kampus Jatinangor, dengan keting-gian tempat ± 853 m dpl. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) sederhana yang terdiri dari 16 perlakuan kombinasi BAP dan Coumarin diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Konsentrasi BAP yang digunakan yaitu 0 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm dan konsentrasi coumarin yang digunakan yaitu 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian konsentrasi BAP dan coumarin memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, kandungan klorofil, jumlah buku, bobot kering tanaman, jumlah ubi per tanaman dan jumlah ubi kelas SS, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase stolon yang membentuk ubi, bobot ubi per tanaman dan jumlah ubi kelas S, M dan L. Pemberian konsentrasi BAP tanpa coumarin (25 ppm : 0 ppm) mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman. Akan tetapi pemberian BAP dengan konsentrasi coumarin yang lebih tinggi (25 ppm : 150 ppm) menghasilkan jumlah ubi lebih banyak bila dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi BAP tanpa coumarin (75 ppm : 0 ppm). Kata kunci : Benih kentang G2 ∙ Benzyl Amino Purine ∙ Coumarin
Pengaruh tanaman penutup tanah Nephrolepis biserrata dan teras gulud terhadap aliran permukaan dan pertumbuhan kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Ariyanti Mira , Yahya S. , Murtilaksono K. , Suwarto Suwarto , Siregar Hasril Hasan 
Published: May 2018

Penanaman tanaman penutup tanah (TPT) dikategorikan sebagai kegiatan yang mendukung ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil System) yaitu pemeliharaan tanaman dalam mendukung produktivitas tanaman. Nephrolepis biserrata merupakan salah satu gulma yang banyak tumbuh di kebun kelapa sawit, toleran naungan sehingga dapat ditanam sebagai TPT di areal kebun kelapa sawit menghasilkan. Secara mekanik, diaplikasikan teras gulud sebagai bangunan konservasi yang merupakan paduan penanaman TPT dalam mengurangi aliran permukaan, meningkatkan resapan air ke dalam tanah sehingga mendukung pertumbuhan dan produksi kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui berapa besar N.biserrata dan teras gulud mengurangi aliran permukaan dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Agustus 2014-April 2015 di unit usaha Rejosari PTPN VII, Lampung Selatan, menggunakan rancangan blok terpisah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lahan yang diberi teras gulud dan ditanami N.biserrata, tanpa teras gulud dan ditanami N.biserrata, teras gulud tanpa ditanami N.biserrata efektif mengurangi aliran permukaan berturut-turut sebesar 95.7 %, 80.0% dan 63.4%. Teras gulud dan tanaman penutup tanah N.biserrata mempengaruhi pertumbuhan kelapa sawit terutama pada peubah pertumbuhan jumlah pelepah dan jumlah pelepah patah. Kata kunci : Nephrolepis biserrata, tanaman penutup tanah, teras gulud, aliran permukaan, kelapa sawit
Hasil benih empat kultivar kedelai yang ditanam di dataran medium dan dataran tinggi
Authors: Sumadi Sumadi , Kadapi Muhammad , Nuraeni Anne , Wicaksana Noladhi , Rachmadi Meddy , Rodiah S 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRAK Pertumbuhan dan hasil suatu tanaman merupakan hasil interaksi antara karakter genetik setiap kultivar dengan lingkungan tumbuhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menetapkan kultivar kedelai yang paling cocok ditanam pada musim hujan di dataran medium ( ± 753 m dpl) dan dataran tinggi ( ± 1200 m dpl) . Penelitian merupakan percobaan lapangan dilaksanakan pada April sampai dengan Juli 2016. Percobaan dirancang dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok sederhana yang menguji kultivar meliputi Anjasmoro, Argomulyo , Arjasari dan Grobogan yang diulang 5 (lima) kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa secara umum potensi hasil kedelai di dataran medium hasilnya lebih tingggi dibandingkan yang ditanam di dataran tinggi. Kultivar Anjasmoro dan Arjasari hasinya secara nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan kultivar Grobogan dan Argomulyo, baik yang ditanam di dataran tinggi maupun dataran medium. Masing-masing 16.96 g, 14.41 g, 8. 21g dan 7.40 g yang ditanam di datarn medium atau setara dengan 2.71 , 2.31 , 1.31 dan 1.20 ha-1, sedangkan yang ditanam di dataran tinggi sebesar 1.09, 0.99, 0.67 dan 0.85 ton ha-1. Kultivar Anjasmoro dan Arjasari merupakan kultivar kedele yang lebih adaptif dibandingkan kultivar Grobogan dan Argomulyo. Ukuran biji kultivar Grobogan paling besar dibandingkan ketiga kultivar lainnya, tetapi hasilnya paling rendah. Walaupun demikian tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap kualitas benih yang dihasilkan. Kata kunci : kedele, kultivar , dataran medium, dataran tinggi, hasil benih
Multiplikasi tunas mikro pisang (Musa paradisiaca l.) ‘raja bulu’ secara in vitro pada berbagai jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin
Authors: Elma Tiara , Suminar Erni , Mubarok Syariful , Nuraini Anne , Ariyanto Nur Budi 
Published: May 2018

Terbatasnya ketersediaan bibit pisang bermutu di Indonesia disebabkan oleh masih rendahnya jumlah dan kualitas bibit pisang yang dihasilkan melalui metode konvensional. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan bibit cukup lama, oleh karena itu digunakan suatu metode perbanyakan untuk menghasilkan bibit dalam waktu yang relatif singkat melalui metode kultur jaringan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan salah satu jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin terbaik dalam meningkatkan laju multiplikasi tunas pisang raja bulu secara in vitro. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan November 2016 sampai bulan Maret 2017 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran di Jatinangor, Sumedang. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan 13 perlakuan, 3 ulangan dan 2 sampel. Media Murashige and Skoog (MS) digunakan sebagai media dasar dengan kombinasi konsentrasi BAP (1; 1,5; 2 and 2,5 mg L-1), Thidiazuron (TDZ) (0,1; 0,3; 0,5 and 0,7 mg L-1) and Kinetin (1,5; 2; 2,5 and 3 mg L-1) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TDZ 0,1 mg L-1 mampu meningkatkan jumlah tunas pisang 'Raja Bulu', oleh karena itu menunjukkan bahwa TDZ 0,1 mg L-1 merupakan jenis sitokinin yang potensial untuk proses multiplikasi tunas pada pisang 'Raja Bulu' secara in vitro. Kata Kunci : BAP, In Vitro, Kinetin, Musa paradisiaca L., TDZ
Spectral estimation of wetland carbon dioxide exchange
Authors: Chojnicki B.H. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The simultaneous measurements of broadband normalized difference vegetation index and net ecosystem production were carried out at Rzecin wetland in 2009. Additionally, carbon fluxes, ecosystem respiration and gross ecosystem production were estimated on the basis of measured net ecosystem production values. The maximum broadband normalized difference vegetation index value (0.73) was measured on the 6th of July. The minimum broadband normalized difference vegetation index value measured before and after the vegetation period was 0.40. The annual dynamics of carbon fluxes and broadband normalized difference vegetation index runs were different from each other. During the second half of vegetation period greenness of plants decreases more slowly than plants carbon dioxide uptake capacity. These differences are likely to be determined by plants aging. The results presented in this paper show potential applicability of broadband normalized difference vegetation index for the estimation of carbon dioxide exchange in wetlands.
3D-analysis of plant microstructures: advantages and limitations of synchrotron X-ray microtomography
Authors: Matsushima U. , Graf W. , Zabler S. , Manke I. , Dawson M. , Choinka G. , Hilger A. , Herppich W.B. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray computer microtomography was used to analyze the microstructure of rose peduncles. Samples from three rose cultivars, differing in anatomy, were scanned to study the relation between tissue structure and peduncles mechanical strength. Additionally, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and conventional light microscopy was applied to quantify possible irradiation-induced damage to plant physiology and tissue structure. The spatial resolution of synchrotron X-ray computer microtomography was sufficiently high to investigate the complex tissues of intact rose peduncles without the necessity of any preparation. However, synchrotron X-radiation induces two different types of damage on irradiated tissues. First, within a few hours after first X-ray exposure, there is a direct physical destruction of cell walls. In addition, a slow and delayed destruction of chlorophyll and, consequently, of photosynthetic activity occurred within hours/ days after the exposure. The results indicate that synchrotron X-ray computer microtomography is well suited for three-dimensional visualization of the microstructure of rose peduncles. However, in its current technique, synchrotron X-ray computer microtomography is not really non-destructive but induce tissue damage. Hence, this technique needs further optimization before it can be applied for time-series investigations of living plant materials
PENGARUH SUHU TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA DAN OPTIK BROKOLI SELAMA PROSES PENGERINGAN VAKUM DENGAN TEKANAN 15 cmHg
Authors: Widyasanti Asri , Sudaryanto Sudaryanto , Arini Rizky , Asgar Ali 
Published: May 2018

Brokoli merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran yang mengandung berbagai vitamin dan mineral. Akan tetapi, brokoli merupakan komoditas yang perishable, apabila disimpan tanpa penanganan pasca panen yang sesuai dan tepat. Pengeringan vakum merupakan salah satu penanganan pasca panen yang cocok untuk karakteristik dari brokoli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rendemen parsial dan total dari pengeringan vakum brokoli dan pengaruh proses pengeringan vakum terhadap karakteristik fisik dan kimia brokoli kering. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dengan perlakuan suhu pengeringan 50⁰C dan 60⁰C dengan tekanan vakum sebesar 15 cmHg yang dilakukan sebanyak 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan suhu pengeringan 60°C dengan tekanan vakum 15 cmHg merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan rasio pengerutan 16,67 %, rasio rehidrasi 518,27 %, kadar air akhir 5,64 %bk, bulk density 1056 kg/m³, protein 30,97 %, vitamin C 189,24 mg/100 g, Total Color Difference (TCD) 23,8 , rendemen parsial pengeringan 8,99 %, dan rendemen total 4,168 %. Semakin tinggi suhu pengeringan maka nilai rendemen pengeringan, rendemen total, rasio pengerutan, kadar air akhir, nilai total perbedaan warna, bulk density, protein, dan vitamin C semakin rendah sedangkan nilai rasio rehidrasi semakin tinggi.
Variation in nutritional value of Grewia tenax fruits from different regions of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Rathore Mala 
Published: May 2018

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to identify the variation in nutritional value of Grewia tenax fruits from different regions of Rajasthan, India. Fruits were collected from Jodhpur (Kailana, Bilara) and Barmer (Siwana) region and analyzed nutritionally. Maximum ash and vitamin C content was obtained in samples from Siwana (4.73% and 56.47% respectively). Maximum fat content (2.66 %) was obtained in samples from Bilara. Maximum sugar and protein content was obtained in samples from Kailana (35.51% and 8.4% respectively).. They are rich in vitamin C (39 mg/100gm) content. The fruits are also rich sources of minerals such as Ca (0.32±0.03 g/100g), K (1.26±0.31g/100 g) and Na (1.49±0.32 g/100g) than the cultivated crop plants. Trace elements such as Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Mg were also analyzed. These results of nutritional composition were compared with those collected from Bilara and Siwana area of Jodhpur region. Many medicinal applications of G. tenax viz. as remedy for colds and chest complaints have also been reported. Thus, the importance of G. tenax in the rural economy is highly significant.
ANALISA STRUKTUR PASAR DAN EFISIENSI INDUSTRI PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2017-2012
Authors: Chaniago Nuraini 
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine how the market structure and efficiency of banking industry in Indonesia.The analysis technique used in this research is to use the concentration ratio (CR20) and the Herfindahl Hirchman Index (HHI), and DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). This study uses data on the number of banking and corporate assets to determine the efficiency of using the 20 banks in the Input and Output of the report Indonesian banking in the period 2007-2012. The results showed the level of concentration ratio (CR20) range from 77.69% - 79.47%. The figure shows the structure of the banking industry 2007-2012 period was a tight oligopoly. which means that the structure of the banking industry in Indonesia is not structured oligopoly monopoly but because it is not close to 1. When viewed competition banks in Indonesia is competitive with high concentration and competitive, it is characterized by competition between the market share of twenty dominant company in the Indonesian banking industry in the number of assets. In the calculation of the twenty study Indonesian banking industry in the period 2007-2012 by using the method of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) produced differences in the efficiency of each bank, Of the twenty 20 Indonesian banking industry that has not reached the maximum level of efficiency that is 100% should refer to the banking has reached a maximum level of 100% in accordance with the characteristics of banking itself.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL SISWA MELALUI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL CONGKLAK
Authors: Parji Parji , Andriani Reni Eka 
Published: May 2018

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial dengan menggunakan permainan tradisional congklak pada mata pelajaran IPS. Penelitian ini menggunakanpenelitian tindakan kelas dengan dengan 2 siklus. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV B SDN 03 Nambangan Kidul<br />Kota Madiun yang berjumlah 21 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan permainan tradisional congklak pada mata pelajaran IPS dapat meningkatkan keterampilan sosial siswa kelas IV B SDN 03 Nambangan Kidul Kota Madiun Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Hal ini ditunjukkan pada siklus I yaitu 7 siswa yang memperoleh kriteria sangat baik dan baik (kriteria penelitian) mencapai 33,3% dengan rata-rata kriteria cukup. Pada siklus II yaitu 17 siswa yang memperoleh kriteria sangat baik dan baik (kriteria penelitian) mencapai 81% dengan rata-rata kriteria baik. Selain itu, hasil nilai siswa juga mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I yaitu rata-rata kelas 72,4 dengan kriteria cukup (66,7%) dengan jumlah 14 siswa. Pada siklus 2 yaitu rata-rata kelas 82,4 dengan kriteria baik (85,7%) dengan jumlah 18 siswa. Hasil nilai siswa pada siklus 1 ke siklus 2 mengalami peningkatan dengan siswa yang sudah<br />tuntas mencapai ≥ 80% dari jumlah seluruh siswa. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa permainan tradisional congklak pada mata pelajaran IPS dapat meningkatkan keterampilan sosial siswa kelas IV B SDN 03 Nambangan Kidul Kota Madiun </p>