bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea of the ANME-2d clade feature lipid composition that differs from other ANME archaea
Authors: Kurth Julia M , Smit Nadine T , Berger Stefanie , Schouten Stefan , Jetten Mike S M , Welte Cornelia U 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a microbial process present in marine and freshwater environments. AOM is important for reducing the emission of the second most important greenhouse gas methane. In marine environments anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) are involved in sulfate-reducing AOM. In contrast, Ca. Methanoperedens of the ANME-2d cluster carries out nitrate AOM in freshwater ecosystems. Despite the importance of those organisms for AOM in non-marine environments little is known about their lipid composition or carbon sources. To close this gap, we analysed the lipid composition of ANME-2d archaea and found that they mainly synthesise archaeol and hydroxyarchaeol as well as different (hydroxy-) glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, albeit in much lower amounts. Abundant lipid headgroups were dihexose, monomethyl-phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl hexose. Moreover, a monopentose was detected as a lipid headgroup that is rare among microorganisms. Batch incubations with 13C labelled bicarbonate and methane showed that methane is the main carbon source of ANME-2d archaea varying from ANME-1 archaea that primarily assimilate dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). ANME-2d archaea also assimilate DIC, but to a lower extent than methane. The lipid characterisation and analysis of the carbon source of Ca. Methanoperedens facilitates distinction between ANME-2d and other ANMEs.
Change in Retirement Plans Among Midlife Couples During an Economic Recession
Authors: Yorgason Jeremy B , Segel-Karpas Dikla , Wheeler Brandan E , Malig Canlas Jerevie , Smith Jamie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
Although research has investigated financial planning for retirement, less is known about how adults plan their retirement activities. Even less is known about couples’ congruence and incongruence in retirement activities planning. The authors examined husband and wife reports of retirement plans across a 5-year period that involved a U.S. economic recession.

Method
Using data from 335 midlife couples who participated in the Flourishing Families project, retirement plans were grouped into five categories—family, leisure, volunteer, work, and uncertain. We estimated probit dyadic structural equation models to explore longitudinal predictors of retirement plans.

Results
Results indicated mean differences in retirement plans between husbands and wives, and also across time that might have been influenced by surrounding economics. Wife poor health, number of children, both spouses working, and financial assets were linked with the likelihood of reporting certainty in retirement plans. Greater retirement uncertainty was predicted by lower marital quality, higher financial adjustments, lower education, and ethnic diversity.

Conclusion
Husband and wife reports of retirement plans are not always congruent, and plans in retirement can be affected by large scale changes in the U.S. economy.
Over-optimization of academic publishing metrics: observing Goodhart's Law in action
Authors: Fire Michael , Guestrin Carlos 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
The academic publishing world is changing significantly, with ever-growing numbers of publications each year and shifting publishing patterns. However, the metrics used to measure academic success, such as the number of publications, citation number, and impact factor, have not changed for decades. Moreover, recent studies indicate that these metrics have become targets and follow Goodhart's Law, according to which, “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure.”

Results
In this study, we analyzed &gt;120 million papers to examine how the academic publishing world has evolved over the last century, with a deeper look into the specific field of biology. Our study shows that the validity of citation-based measures is being compromised and their usefulness is lessening. In particular, the number of publications has ceased to be a good metric as a result of longer author lists, shorter papers, and surging publication numbers. Citation-based metrics, such citation number and h-index, are likewise affected by the flood of papers, self-citations, and lengthy reference lists. Measures such as a journal's impact factor have also ceased to be good metrics due to the soaring numbers of papers that are published in top journals, particularly from the same pool of authors. Moreover, by analyzing properties of &gt;2,600 research fields, we observed that citation-based metrics are not beneficial for comparing researchers in different fields, or even in the same department.

Conclusions
Academic publishing has changed considerably; now we need to reconsider how we measure success.
Investigating the nature of competition facing private healthcare facilities: the case of maternity care in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gautham Meenakshi , Bruxvoort Katia , Iles Richard , Subharwal Manish , Gupta Sanjay , Jain Manish , Goodman Catherine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The private healthcare sector in low- and middle-income countries is increasingly seen as of public health importance, with widespread interest in improving private provider engagement. However, there is relatively little literature providing an in-depth understanding of the operation of private providers. We conducted a mixed methods analysis of the nature of competition faced by private delivery providers in Uttar Pradesh, India, where maternal mortality remains very high. We mapped health facilities in five contrasting districts, surveyed private facilities providing deliveries and conducted in-depth interviews with facility staff, allied providers (e.g. ambulance drivers, pathology laboratories) and other key informants. Over 3800 private facilities were mapped, of which 8% reported providing deliveries, mostly clustered in cities and larger towns. 89% of delivery facilities provided C-sections, but over half were not registered. Facilities were generally small, and the majority were independently owned, mostly by medical doctors and, to a lesser extent, AYUSH (non-biomedical) providers and others without formal qualifications. Recent growth in facility numbers had led to intense competition, particularly among mid-level facilities where customers were more price sensitive. In all facilities, nearly all payment was out-of-pocket, with very low-insurance coverage. Non-price competition was a key feature of the market and included location (preferably on highways or close to government facilities), medical infrastructure, hotel features, staff qualifications and reputation, and marketing. There was heavy reliance on visiting consultants such as obstetricians, surgeons and anaesthetists, and payment of hefty commission payments to agents who brought clients to the facility, for both new patients and those transferring from public facilities. Building on these insights, strategies for private sector engagement could include a foundation of universal facility registration, adaptation of accreditation schemes to lower-level facilities, improved third-party payment mechanisms and strategic purchasing, and enhanced patient information on facility availability, costs and quality.
Gimme shelter or fade away: the impact of regional entrepreneurial ecosystem quality on venture survival
Authors: Vedula Siddharth , Kim Phillip H 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOur study addresses a popular question in entrepreneurship research—to what extent does the quality of a region’s entrepreneurial ecosystem matter for venture survival? To tackle this question, we created a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem quality index based on five key characteristics: supportive entrepreneurial culture, access to finance, availability of human capital, innovation capacity, and formal support organizations. We analyze 301 United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas for these characteristics and measure the aggregated contextual influence on venture survival within these regions over time. In addition to analyzing the relationship between this index and venture survival, we also consider the moderating role of founders’ experience on survival outcomes. Our findings confirm that, in general, higher quality ecosystems shelter ventures, while ventures in weaker ecosystems are more likely to fade away and fail. However, for serial entrepreneurs, we find that ecosystem quality has a much smaller impact on venture survival.
The tortoise, the hare, and the hybrid: effects of prior employment on the development of an entrepreneurial ecosystem
Authors: Donegan Mary , Forbes Allison , Clayton Paige , Polly Alyse , Feldman Maryann , Lowe Nichola 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Prior employment imprints nascent entrepreneurs with logics for organizing startups. Within a regional ecosystem, entrepreneurs with different employment backgrounds pursue alternative entrepreneurial pathways, each generating distinct, though complementary, regional impacts. By analyzing diverse pre-entrepreneurial employment experiences, no one pathway leads to superior firm performance; prior industry experience generates strong early performance that tapers off, while prior academic experience engenders slow, steady, long-lasting growth. Our approach is well-suited for theorizing ecosystem development and generating policy recommendations in support of ecosystem diversity.
Information-theoretic measures of ecosystem change, sustainability, and resilience
Authors: Boschetti Fabio , Prunera Karine , Vanderklift Mathew A , Thomson Damian P , Babcock Russell C , Doropoulos Christopher , Cresswell Anna , Lozano-Montes Hector 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe introduce five measures describing the system-wide behaviour of complex ecological systems. Within an information-theoretic framework, these measures account for changes in both species diversity and total biomass to describe (i) overall system change, (ii) sustainability to external pressure, (iii) shift from a baseline state and two types of resilience: (iv) ability to recover from local pressures and (v) overall potential to return to a baseline state. We apply these measures to study the behaviour of three computer models: a large 59-functional groups complex ecological model (Ecopath with Ecosim) of north Western Australia undergoing internal dynamics, a smaller 6-group coral reef model subjected to various combinations of single and multiple stressors and a prey–predator model displaying limit cycles. We demonstrate the state-dependency of properties like resilience and sustainability by showing how these measures change in time as a function of internal dynamics and external forcing. Furthermore, we show how our proposed measures can simplify system analysis and monitoring by providing indicators of changes in system behaviour, sustainability, and resilience.
Early and mid-term outcomes of total arch replacement with the frozen elephant trunk technique for type A acute aortic dissection
Authors: Furutachi Akira , Takamatsu Masanori , Nogami Eijiro , Hamada Kohei , Yunoki Junji , Itoh Manabu , Kamohara Keiji 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique, using the J Graft FROZENIX for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection, in comparison with the unfrozen elephant trunk technique.

METHODS
Between January 2010 and August 2018, we performed total arch replacement for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection in our hospital. Thirty patients were treated by the elephant trunk procedure (ET group), and 20 patients were treated by the FET procedure (FET group). To evaluate aortic remodelling, we measured the area of the aorta, the true lumen and the false lumen at 12 months of follow-up.

RESULTS
Preoperative characteristics and operation time were not significantly different between the 2 groups. The quantity of blood transfused was much greater in the ET group than in the FET group. Resection or closure of the most proximal entry tear was obtained in 73.3% (22 out of 30 patients) in the ET group and 100% (20 out of 20 patients) in the FET group (P = 0.015). There was no case that had recurrent nerve palsy or paraplegia in the FET group. Stent graft-induced new entry occurred in 3 cases (15.8%) in the FET group. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in aortic area, true lumen area or false lumen area.

CONCLUSIONS
Total arch replacement with the FET technique in Stanford type A acute aortic dissection carries a risk of distinct complications; however, with thorough advance planning, it should be possible to safely institute this treatment. Further randomization, with a comparison of each technique, is required to provide clear conclusions whether the FET is useful for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection.
Suffer the Little Children to Come: The Legal Rights of Unaccompanied Alien Children under United States Federal Court Jurisprudence
Authors: Braaten Claire Nolasco , Braaten Daniel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article analyses United States (US) federal court jurisprudence to determine the legal rights of unaccompanied alien children (UAC) in various stages of immigration enforcement proceedings. After briefly discussing statistics on UAC in the US, it explains the legal context of US laws governing unaccompanied minors. Through examining 40 cases decided by the 12 US Circuit Courts of Appeals and various federal district courts, the article specifies how these courts interpreted and expanded on the procedural legal rights of UAC upon apprehension by immigration officials, during placement or detention decisions of the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), prior to voluntary departure, during asylum proceedings, when rearrested after release, and while released pending immigration proceedings. According to the US federal courts, the government must grant unaccompanied minors procedural due process if it denies their release to the custody of an available and willing legal custodian. Case law examining the rights of UAC prior to voluntary departure emphasizes the need to grant them the opportunity to consult with a responsible adult, including a lawyer from a free legal services list that should be provided to them. Federal courts have also tackled various procedural issues concerning asylum claims filed by UAC. These include the right of third parties to custody of the unaccompanied minor, the minority age at the time of the asylum application, and the right of UAC to request consent for a state juvenile court’s jurisdiction prior to applying for Special Immigrant Juvenile status. In removal proceedings against UAC, federal courts have elaborated on the scope and meaning of the right to counsel and the right to a bond rehearing upon their rearrest because of allegations of gang membership. Finally, federal courts have also examined issues concerning the rights of UAC while detained in ORR facilities and while in US territory. These include the right of an unaccompanied alien child to terminate a pregnancy while in ORR custody and the right not to be subjected to physical and sexual abuse while placed in a detention facility.
Density Problems for second order Sobolev Spaces and Cut-off Functions on Manifolds With Unbounded Geometry
Authors: Impera Debora , Rimoldi Michele , Veronelli Giona 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe consider complete non-compact manifolds with either a sub-quadratic growth of the norm of the Riemann curvature, or a sub-quadratic growth of both the norm of the Ricci curvature and the squared inverse of the injectivity radius. We show the existence on such a manifold of a distance-like function with bounded gradient and mild growth of the Hessian. As a main application, we prove that smooth compactly supported functions are dense in $W^{2,p}$. The result is improved for $p=2$ avoiding both the upper bound on the Ricci tensor, and the injectivity radius assumption. As further applications we prove new disturbed Sobolev and Calderón–Zygmund inequalities on manifolds with possibly unbounded curvature and highlight consequences about the validity of the full Omori–Yau maximum principle for the Hessian.
Prescribers’ experience and opinions on antimicrobial stewardship programmes in hospitals: a French nationwide survey
Authors: Perozziello A , Lescure F X , Truel A , Routelous C , Vaillant L , Yazdanpanah Y , Lucet J C ,   CEFECA study group, Burdet Charles , Kardas Lidia , Lepeule Raphaël , Lesprit Philippe , L’Heriteau François , Liem-Binh Luong Nguyen , Bruno Mourvillier , Jean-Ralph Zahar , Burdet Charles , Kardas Lidia , Lepeule Raphaël , Lesprit Philippe , L’Heriteau François , Luong Nguyen Liem-Binh , Mourvillier Bruno , Zahar Jean-Ralph 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess prescribers’ experiences and opinions regarding antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) activities.MethodsA cross-sectional paper-based survey was conducted among prescribers in 27 out of 35 randomly selected large hospitals in France.ResultsAll 27 investigated hospitals (20 non-university public, 4 university-affiliated and 3 private hospitals) had an ASP and an appointed antibiotic advisor (AA), with a median of 0.9 full-time equivalents per 1000 acute-care beds (IQR 0–1.4). Of the 1963 distributed questionnaires, 920 were completed (46.9%). Respondents were mainly attending physicians (658/918, 71.7%) and medical specialists (532/868, 61.3%). Prescribers identified two main ASP objectives: to limit the spread of resistance (710/913, 77.8%) and to improve patient care and prognosis (695/913, 76.1%). The presence of an AA constituted a core element of ASP (96.2% agreement between answers of ASP leader and respondents). Respondents acknowledged an AA’s usefulness especially on therapeutic issues, i.e. choosing appropriate antibiotic (agreement 84.7%) or adapting treatment (89.6%), but less so on diagnostic issues (31.4%). Very few respondents reported unsolicited counselling and post-prescription controls. Three-quarters of prescribers identified local guidelines (692/918, 75.4%). Prescribers did not approve of measures counteracting their autonomy, i.e. automatic stop orders (agreement 23.4%) or pre-approval by AAs (28.8%). They agreed more with educational interventions (73.0%) and clinical staff meetings (70.0%).ConclusionsPrescribers perceived ASP mainly through its ‘on-demand’ counselling activities. They preferred measures that did not challenge their clinical autonomy. High levels of antibiotic consumption in French hospitals bring into question the effectiveness of such an approach. However, limited ASP staffing and resources may preclude extended activities.
Dispersal of linezolid-resistant enterococci carrying poxtA or optrA in retail meat and food-producing animals from Tunisia
Authors: Elghaieb Houyem , Freitas Ana R , Abbassi Mohamed Salah , Novais Carla , Zouari Mohamed , Hassen Abdennaceur , Peixe Luísa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe epidemiology of Enterococcus resistant to priority antibiotics including linezolid has mainly been investigated in developed countries and especially in hospitals. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of different non-human reservoirs for the burden of MDR enterococci in Tunisia, where scarce data are available.MethodsSamples (n = 287) were collected from urban wastewater (n = 57), retail meat (n = 29; poultry/bovine/ovine), milk (n = 89; bovine/ovine), farm animal faeces (n = 80; poultry/bovine/ovine) and pets (n = 32; rabbit/dogs/cats/birds) in different Tunisian regions (2014–17). They were plated onto Slanetz–Bartley agar after pre-enrichment without antibiotics. Standard methods were used for bacterial identification and characterization of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes (PCR), antibiotic susceptibility testing (disc diffusion/broth microdilution; EUCAST/CLSI) and clonality (SmaI-PFGE/MLST).ResultsAll samples carried Enterococcus (n = 377 isolates) resistant to antibiotics considered to be critical or highly important by WHO. Even without antibiotic selection, 38% of Enterococcus faecalis (Efs) and 22% of Enterococcus faecium (Efm) were identified as MDR. Linezolid-resistant isolates (5%; MIC = 8 mg/L) comprised six poxtA-carrying Efm (cow milk), seven optrA-carrying Efs (chicken faeces/meat) and five Efm lacking cfr/optrA/poxtA (poultry/bovine/ovine/wastewater). Clinically relevant Efm clones (clade A1) were identified in animal/meat sources. Ampicillin resistance (1%) was confined to ST18/ST78-like MDR Efm clones from bovine meat/milk samples carrying relevant virulence markers (e.g. ptsD/IS16).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of the contribution of livestock and foodstuffs to the dispersal of acquired linezolid resistance genes including poxtA and optrA. We report the first poxtA-carrying Efm in Tunisia, and for the first time in bovine samples, stressing the urgent need for alternative measures to counteract the spread of linezolid-resistant enterococci globally.
From Worldly Powers to Jīvanmukti: Ritual and Soteriology in the Early Tantras of the Cult of Tripurasundarī
Authors: Golovkova Anna A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article diachronically charts the distinctive soteriologies articulated in the earliest scriptures of the cult of Tripurasundarī, a popular trans-regional Śākta tradition, which was promulgated in south India as Śrīvidyā. First, I analyse contexts, beginning in the tenth-century CE, in which words for liberation (mukti and mokṣa) were discussed in the unpublished tantras of the antecedent Nityā cult and the Vāmakeśvarīmata, a foundational text of the cult of Tripurasundarī. Although these texts eulogised the transcendent aspect of the Goddess, they exhibited little interest in salvific practices. In contrast, the later Yoginīhṛdaya emphasised the soteriological meaning of practices, embracing internalised, meditative techniques dedicated to the realisation of liberation during one’s lifetime (jīvanmukti), associated with non-dual Śaivism. I argue that the Yoginīhṛdaya built on the existing ritual and mantra system and developed it toward a sophisticated and robust doctrine by which adherents deepened the resilience and longevity of this ritual tradition.
Long noncoding RNA in cardiac aging and disease
Authors: Lozano-Vidal Noelia , Bink Diewertje I , Boon Reinier A 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Western society and present an important age-related risk. With the constant rise in life expectancy, prevalence of CVD in the population will likely increase further. New therapies, especially in the elderly, are needed to combat CVD. This review is focused on the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in CVD. RNA sequencing experiments in the past decade showed that most RNA does not code for protein, but many RNAs function as ncRNA. Here, we summarize the recent findings of lncRNA regulation in the diseased heart. The potential use of these RNAs as biomarkers of cardiac disease prediction is also discussed.