bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACL Reconstruction Graft Angle and Outcomes: Transtibial vs Anteromedial Reconstruction
Authors: Stone Austin V. , Chahla Jorge , Manderle Brandon J. , Beletsky Alexander , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Verma Nikhil N. 
Published: August 2019

Background The importance of creating an anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been receiving significant attention. The best technique by which to achieve this anatomic reconstruction continues to be debated. The two most common methods are the transtibial (TT) and anteromedial (AM) techniques. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, and the literature comparing the two remains uncertain. Questions/Purposes In this prospective comparative study, we aimed to compare the ACL graft and tunnel angles achieved using the anatomic transtibial (TT) and anteromedial (AM) techniques; compare the ACL graft and tunnel angles in knees that have undergone ACL reconstruction and knees with intact ACLs; and determine whether differences in the graft or tunnel angle produce differences in clinical outcomes, as measured using both physical exam and patient-reported outcomes, after ACL reconstruction. Methods Patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction with bone–tendon–bone grafts using a TT or AM technique were included. Femoral graft angle (FGA), tibial graft angle (TGA), and sagittal orientation of the reconstructed ACL and contralateral native ACL were measured on post-operative magnetic resonance imaging. Post-operatively, patients underwent measurement of knee stability and completed the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) survey. Results Twenty-nine patients were enrolled (AM group, 14; TT group, 15); at follow-up, KOOS data were available for 26 patients (13 in each group). There were no differences in sagittal ACL graft angle between groups or in comparison with the normal knee. The FGA was more vertical after TT reconstructions; the TGA was comparable between groups. There were no significant differences in 2-year post-operative physical exam measurements or in KOOS scores. Conclusion Anatomic ACL angle was restored after reconstruction with both the TT and AM techniques, despite different FGAs. No significant differences in clinical outcome were noted between groups on physical exam or KOOS at 2 years after surgery. These results suggest that TT reconstruction results in a graft position similar to that seen in AM reconstruction and that the location of the intra-articular tunnel aperture matters more than the orientation of the tunnel.
Physical Changes, Laboratory Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density During Testosterone Treatment in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria
Authors: Stoffers Iris E. , de Vries Martine C. , Hannema Sabine E. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Current treatment guidelines for adolescents with gender dysphoria recommend therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) and testosterone in transgender males. However, most evidence on the safety and efficacy of testosterone is based on studies in adults.

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of testosterone treatment in transgender adolescents.

Methods
The study included 62 adolescents diagnosed with gender dysphoria who had started GnRHa treatment and had subsequently received testosterone treatment for more than 6 months.

Main Outcome Measure
Virilization, anthropometry, laboratory parameters, and bone mineral density (BMD) were analyzed.

Results
Adolescents were treated with testosterone for a median duration of 12 months. Voice deepening began within 3 months in 85% of adolescents. Increased hair growth was first reported on the extremities, followed by an increase of facial hair. Acne was most prevalent between 6 and 12 months of testosterone therapy. Most adolescents had already completed linear growth; body mass index and systolic blood pressure increased but diastolic blood pressure did not change. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and sex hormone binding globulin significantly decreased, but hematocrit, hemoglobin, prolactin, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate significantly increased, although not all changes were clinically significant. Other lipids and HbA1c did not change. Vitamin D deficiency was seen in 32–54% throughout treatment. BMD z-scores after 12 to 24 months of testosterone treatment remained below z-scores before the start of GnRHa treatment.

Clinical Implications
Adolescents need to be counseled about side effects with potential longer term implications such as increased hematocrit and decreased HDL cholesterol and decreased BMD z-scores. They should be advised on diet, including adequate calcium and vitamin D intake; physical exercise; and the use of tobacco and alcohol to avoid additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths are the standardized treatment regimen and extensive set of safety parameters investigated. Limitations are the limited duration of follow-up and lack of a control group so some of the observed changes may be due to normal maturation rather than to treatment.

Conclusion
Testosterone effectively induced virilization beginning within 3 months in the majority of adolescents. Acne was a common side effect, but no short-term safety issues were observed. The increased hematocrit, decreased HDL cholesterol, and decreased BMD z-scores are in line with previous studies. Further follow-up studies will need to establish if the observed changes result in adverse outcomes in the long term.
Vertical flight profile optimization for a cruise segment with RTA constraints
Authors: Dancila R. , Botez R. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of a research performed at the Research Laboratory in Active Controls, Avionics and Aeroservoelasticty (LARCASE), at ÉTS, concerning optimisation strategies for cruise flight segments with imposed flight time (delimited by waypoints with required time of arrival constraints). Specifically, a new algorithm is presented that identifies the optimal vertical navigation profile (flight altitude and speed optimisation) for a cruise segment with imposed lateral navigation profile, bounded by two waypoints with required time of arrival constraints. The set of evaluated vertical navigation profiles are characterised by identical altitudes and speeds at their initial and final waypoints (at the beginning and the end of the cruise segment under optimisation), a maximum of one altitude step (relative to the initial altitude), and are flown at constant speed. This study investigates the flight performance increase (total cost reduction) for a flight along the optimal vertical navigation profile, relative to a flight at the optimal speed and initial cruise altitude. The evaluation was performed using a medium haul transport aircraft flight performance model, for three lateral navigation profiles and three wind profiles. The algorithm is targeted for Flight Management Systems platforms, to provide the optimal flight trajectory for the imposed lateral flight profile and time constraints.
A proposed solution for airborne delays: linear holding
Authors: Sahin O. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis study is aimed at establishing a linear holding (LH) procedure instead of a conventional air holding stack to minimize the effects of airborne delays in terms of air traffic management and fuel consumption. This paper uses both actual flight data and the Base of Aircraft Database (BADA) model to obtain fuel consumption for level flight and descent segments, separately.The total fuel savings obtained by using actual flight data (16%) and the BADA model (10%) indicate that the LH is found to be more advantageous compared to a conventional holding procedure. Furthermore, the recommended LH procedure could be a promising solution for keeping aircraft in a narrow area that could be considered to be an effective method for airspace usage.
Russian revisionism in the Putin era: an overview of post-communist military interventions in Georgia, Ukraine, and Syria
Authors: Pisciotta Barbara 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper seeks to develop a new typology of revisionism based on the nature of the aims (territorial/normative/hierarchy of prestige), the means employed (peaceful/violent), and the level of action (regional/global). This will then be used to explain the escalation of Russia's foreign policy from regional to global claims with reference to its military interventions in Georgia, Ukraine, and Syria and to identify the type of revisionism involved in each of the three Russian military interventions undertaken both inside (Georgia and Ukraine) and outside (Syria) the post-soviet space. The paper is divided into three parts. The first examines the concept of revisionism and suggests a new classification of six types in relation to the means, nature, and level of the claims put forward byrevisionist powers. The second discusses the interventions carried out by Russia within its regional area (in Georgia and Ukraine). The third analyses the intervention in Syria and highlights the escalation of Russian claims from the regional to the global level.
Measuring pre-service music teachers’ creative identities: a cross-cultural comparison of the United States and Singapore
Authors: Randles Clint , Tan Leonard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine and compare the creative musical identities of pre-service music education students in the United States and Singapore. The Creative Identity in Music (CIM) measure was utilized with both US and Singapore pre-service music teacher populations (n = 274). Items of the CIM relate to music-making activities often associated with creativity in music education in the literature, including composition, improvisation and popular music performance. Results suggest, similar to findings of previous research, that while both populations are similar in their degree of creative music-making self-efficacy and are similarly willing to allow for creativity in the classroom, Singaporean pre-service music teachers value the areas of creative identity and the use of popular music listening/performing within the learning environment to a significantly greater extent (p &lt; 0.0001) than their US counterparts.
The politics of voluntary self-regulation: insights from the development and promotion of the Australian Beverages Council’s Commitment
Authors: Lacy-Nichols Jennifer , Scrinis Gyorgy , Carey Rachel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:To analyse the evolution of the soft drink industry’s use of self-regulation as a response to obesity and examine the motivations driving its development and the strategies used to promote it to policy makers.Design:We used a data set of industry documents published by the Australian Beverages Council (ABC) between 1998 and 2016. We analysed how the ABC voiced its political motivations about self-regulation and what internal nutrition policies it developed prior to its public launch of self-regulation. We also analysed two promotional strategies: funding research and writing policy submissions.Setting:Australia.Results:Between 1998 and 2006, the ABC shifted from a defensive strategy that denied the role of its products in obesity to more conciliatory strategy that emphasised the role of the soft drink industry in solutions to obesity. The ABC deliberately timed the launch of its self-regulation to coincide with an international public health congress. Following its launch, the ABC funded research demonstrating the efficacy of self-regulation and wrote submissions to government nutrition policies arguing that further regulation was unnecessary.Conclusions:The soft drink industry uses self-regulation to bolster its reputation and influence nutrition policy. Strategic timing plays a key role in the political influence of self-regulation.
On Virtues of Love and Wide Ethical Duties
Authors: Fahmy Melissa Seymour 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article I argue that understanding the role that the virtues of love play in Kant’s ethical theory requires understanding not only the nature of the virtues themselves, but also the unique nature of wide Kantian duties. I begin by making the case that while the Doctrine of Virtue supports attributing an affective component to the virtues of love, we are right to resist attributing anaffective success conditionto these virtues. I then distinguish wide duties from negative and narrow (positive) duties in order to make the case that prudential considerations often unavoidably and unproblematically play a role in deliberation about how we fulfil our wide duties. In the final section I combine these findings, arguing that the virtues of love play an important moral role by shaping these prudential considerations.
Kant’s Provisionality Thesis
Authors: MESSINA J. P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractI argue that Kant’s mature political philosophy entails the provisionality thesis. The provisionality thesis asserts that in a world like ours, populated with beings sufficiently like us, acquired rights (rights to external objects of choice, including property, sovereignty and territory) are necessarily provisional. I motivate the standard view, which restricts the notion of provisional right to the state of nature and the transition from the state of nature to the civil condition. I then provide two textual arguments against it. I conclude by reflecting on the normative implications of the provisionality thesis, arguing that they are more modest than has been formerly appreciated.
A Juridical Right to Lie
Authors: Stewart Hamish 
Published: August 2019

AbstractKant’s essay ‘On a Supposed Right to Lie from Philanthropy’ claims that everyone has an unconditional duty of right not to lie under any circumstances. This claim creates a conflict within the doctrine of right because Kant also claims that each of us is under an unconditional duty of right to obey the positive law in force in the civil condition in all circumstances. In Kant’s specific example, truthfulness would violate the positive law because it would make the speaker an accomplice to a crime. Since both duties flow from the requirement that we not act inconsistently with the possibility of rightful relations among humans, a juridical solution to the conflict must be possible. That solution is to recognize that lying in appropriate circumstances is akin to the use of force in self-defence or defence of a third party.
Individually customised parametrial boost for locally advanced cervical cancer: is 2D planned external beam radiotherapy useful?
Authors: Gangopadhyay Aparna , Saha Subrata 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAim:Pelvic wall control and toxicity was retrospectively assessed in patients who received individually customised parametrial boost (PMB) for locally advanced cervical cancer with 2D planned external beam radiotherapy. Outcomes of a dose-escalated combined boost were also evaluated.Materials and methods:Toxicity and pelvic wall recurrence was evaluated over a median period of 24 months between two groups who received different pelvic wall doses. One group was randomised to receive either intracavitary brachytherapy (ICRT) with an external beam PMB using a customised midline shield, or a dose-escalated combined boost with interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) and PMB. The comparator group received no PMB.Results:At 24 months, pelvic wall recurrence occurred in 2/112 and 40/130 with and without PMB, respectively (p < 0·000001). No significant difference in toxicity was noted between boost versus no-boost groups (p = 0·56). Combined ISBT/PMB dose escalation showed no significant difference in pelvic wall recurrence compared with PMB alone (p = 0·49).Findings:Individually customised 2D PMBs with 3D image-based ICRT was safe and improved pelvic wall control in locally advanced cervix cancer. Dose-escalated combined boosts offered no significant benefit over standard boost doses.
Ketamine as augmentation for the treatment of major depression and suicidal risk in advanced cancer: Case report
Authors: Rodríguez-Mayoral Oscar , Pérez-Esparza Rodrigo , Domínguez-Ocadio Georgina , Allende-Pérez Silvia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is common in patients diagnosed with advanced cancer (AC), with a prevalence of 16.5%. It is associated with great disability and worsened quality of life, increased number and intensity of physical symptoms, and lower survival. It is the main factor for the presence of suicidal ideation. Antidepressants show modest efficacy, and response requires several weeks. Ketamine has demonstrated a fast and robust antidepressant effect in subanesthetic doses. This effect may prove useful in patients with AC, MDD, and suicidal risk.MethodWe report a case of a patient with advanced cervical cancer who presented with uncontrollable pain, MDD, and a suicide attempt.ResultA 39-year-old woman diagnosed with cervical cancer stage IVB presented to the Emergency Department after a suicide attempt by hanging. Upon evaluation by the palliative care psychiatrist, she reported intense pain, unresponsive to analgesics, and had a history of persistent suicidal ideation. Antidepressant treatment was started (sertraline 50mg/d) after a single dose of ketamine hydrochloride IV (0.5 mg/kg) was administered. Treatment response was measured using the Brief Edinburgh Depression Scale before and after the intervention. The depressive symptoms decreased by 17% on day 1, 39% on day 3, and 72% on day 17.Significance of resultsThis case report shows ketamine's efficacy as an augmentation agent alongside conventional antidepressant treatment in patients with AC. Moreover, it shows rapid response in suicidal ideation that has not been achieved with treatment as usual. More clinical trials are needed to support the potential benefit and safety of ketamine in patients with AC, MDD, and persisting suicidal ideation.
Why Religious People Support Ethnic Insurgency? Kurds, Religion and Support for the PKK
Authors: Karakoç Ekrem , Sarıgil Zeki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study challenges a dominant view that religion constrains the support for an ethnic insurgency. It argues that observing the discrepancy between religious brotherhood discourses of ethnic majority state and discrimination and inter-ethnic inequality in the social, political, and economic sphere as a result of the long-standing securitization of minority rights increase skepticism toward government among religious minorities. This long-term perception makes them receptive to the messages of an insurgent group that claims to fight for cultural and political rights of an ethnic minority. Utilizing two original public opinion surveys conducted in Turkey in 2011 and 2013, before and right after the peace talks between the Turkish state and the Kurdistan Workers' Party—The Partîya Karkêren Kurdistan (PKK), this study tests its hypotheses by taking the Kurdish conflict as a case study. The findings challenge the dominant paradigm that expects a negative relationship between religiosity and rebel support. Religious Kurds do not differ from non-religious ones in support for the formerly Marxist–Leninist PKK. Second, political and economic grievances matter; the perception among Kurds, of state discrimination and inter-ethnic economic inequality generates positive attitudes toward the PKK. Finally, the perception of inter-ethnic socioeconomic inequality amplifies support for the PKK among religious Kurds.
Nutrient and hormone composition of milk is altered in rodent dams post-bariatric surgery
Authors: Deer Evangeline M. , Welch Bradley , Hernandez Laura L. , Seeley Randy J. , Grayson Bernadette E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough bariatric surgery is approved for a woman of child-bearing age with an interest in subsequent pregnancy, reports ofin uterogrowth issues during pregnancy have garnered a closer look at the impact of maternal surgical weight loss on the pre- and postpartum periods. Offspring of dams having received vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) are born small-for-gestational age and have increased risk for metabolic syndrome later in life. Here, we aimed to determine whether the postnatal catch-up growth trajectory of bariatric offspring may be affected by milk composition. Milk samples were collected at postnatal day 15/16 from dams having received VSG surgery and fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (H-VSG), Sham surgery and fed chow (C-Sham), or Sham surgery and fed HFD (H-Sham). Milk obtained from H-VSG dams had elevated glucose (P< 0.05) and significantly reduced triglyceride content (P< 0.01). Milk from H-Sham dams had the lowest amount of milk protein (P< 0.05). Fatty acid composition measured by fractionation was largely not affected by surgery but rather maternal diet. No difference was observed in milk leptin levels; however, insulin, adiponectin, and growth hormone levels were significantly increased in milk from H-VSG animals. H-Sham had the lowest level of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, whereas IgG was significantly reduced in H-VSG. Taken together, the quality of milk from H-VSG dams suggests that milk composition could be a factor in reducing the rate of growth during the lactation period.
Estimating Shortwave Clear‐Sky Fluxes From Hourly Global Radiation Records by Quantile Regression
Authors: Renner M. , Wild M. , Schwarz M. , Kleidon A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEstimates of radiative fluxes under cloud‐free conditions (“clear‐sky”) are required in many fields, from climatic analyses of solar transmission to estimates of solar energy potential for electricity generation. Ideally, these fluxes can be obtained directly from measurements of solar fluxes at the surface. However, common standard methods to identify clear‐sky conditions require observations of both the total and the diffuse radiative fluxes at very high temporal resolution of minutes, which restricts these methods to a few, well‐equipped sites. Here we propose a simple method to estimate clear‐sky fluxes only from typically available global radiation measurements (Rsd) at (half‐)hourly resolution. Plotting a monthly sample of observed Rsd against the corresponding incoming solar radiation at the top of atmosphere (potential solar radiation) reveals a typical triangle shape with clear‐sky conditions forming a distinct, linear slope in the upper range of observations. This upper slope can be understood as the fractional transmission of solar radiation representative for cloud‐free conditions of the sample period. We estimate this upper slope through quantile regression. We employ data of 42 stations of the worldwide Baseline Surface Radiation Network to compare our monthly estimates with the standard clear‐sky identification method developed by Long and Ackerman (2000, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900077). We find very good agreement of the derived fractional solar transmission (R2 = 0.73) across sites. These results thus provide confidence in applying the proposed method to the larger set of global radiation measurements to obtain further observational constraints on clear‐sky fluxes and cloud radiative effects.