bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Paket Tes Matematika Berbasis Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Siswa Kelas X TKJ SMK Materi Sistem Persamaan Linier
Authors: Lestari Cici Fitri , Kristiana Arika Indah , Kurniati Dian 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan proses dan hasil pengembangan paket tes matematika berbasis kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa kelas X TKJ SMK materi sistem persamaan linier. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang mengacu pada langkah-langkah pengembangan tipe formative research yang dikembangkan oleh Tessmer. Pada penelitian ini dihasilkan 2 paket tes, yaitu paket A dan paket B. Sebelum paket tes ini diujikan, pertama-tama dilakukan penilaian oleh 3 validator. Dari hasil penilaian para ahli ini diperoleh koefisien validitas sebesar 2,741 untuk paket A dan 2,753 untuk paket B. Selain paket tes divalidasi oleh validator, paket tes juga diberikan pada beberapa siswa kelas X TKJ untuk dilakukan uji keterbacaan. Tahap selanjutnya adalah field test atau uji coba paket tes di lapangan. Hasil dari uji coba di lapangan ini dianalisis. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah uji reliabilitas, daya pembeda, dan tingkat kesukaran. Pada paket A menunjukkan reliabilitas tinggi dengan koefisien 0,622, sedangkan pada paket B koefisien reliabilitas sebesar 0,813 dengan interpretasi sangat tinggi. Hasil analisis daya pembeda pada paket A menunjukkan 1 butir soal dengan kategori cukup, 1 butir soal dengan kategori baik sekali dan 1 butir soal dengan kategori jelek. Sedangkan hasil analisis daya pembeda pada paket B menunjukkan 1 butir soal dengan kategori cukup, 1 butir soal dengan kategori baik sekali dan 1 butir soal dengan kategori baik. Hasil analisis tingkat kesukaran pada paket A menunjukkan 1 butir soal dengan level mudah, 1 butir soal dengan level sedang dan 1 soal dengan level sangat sulit. Sedangkan hasil analisis tingkat kesukaran pada paket B menunjukkan 2 butir soal dengan level sedang, dan 1 soal dengan level sangat mudah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dihasilkan paket tesyang sesuai dengan kriteria kualitas tes yang telah ditetapkan.

Kata Kunci:Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi, Revisi Taksonomi Bloom
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Materi Jaring-Jaring Bangun Ruang Melalui Penerapan Scientific Approach Siswa Kelas V SDN Grenden 01 Jember Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016
Authors: Putri Bella Ayunita , Sugiarti Titik , Yuliati Nanik 
Published: December 2018

Proses pembelajaran terdapat beberapa persoalan yang berkembang terutama mengenai mencapai tujuan pembelajaran diantaranya yaitu ketika ada siswa yang mengerjakan soal di papan tulis, ditemukan beberapa kesalahan dalam proses pengerjaan dan jawaban akhir tersebut benar, siswa lain kurang cermat dalam mengamati hanya melihat hasil akhir. Pembelajaran juga masih terpusat pada guru sehingga berpengaruh pada proses hasil belajar siswa (nilai ulangan harian) masih rendah. Tempat dan waktu penelitian yaitu di SDN Grenden 1 Jember. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V SDN Grenden 1 Jember berjumlah 23 siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, satu siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu berupa observasi, wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Proses analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif persentase, hasil belajar siswa. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa secara klasikal pada prasiklus sebesar 58,26% yang termasuk kategori kurang baik, meningkat pada siklus 1 menjadi 68,96% dengan kategori cukup.Siklus II juga mengalami peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar secara klasikal menjadi 81,17% dengan kategori sangat baik.Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Scientific Approach dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa materi Jaring-jaring Bangun Ruang kelas V SDN Grenden 1 Jember.

Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar, Scientific Approach, Jaring-jaring Bangun Ruang
Implementasi Metode Pembelajaran Role Playing Pada Aritmetika Sosial Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Aktivitas Siswa
Authors: Murtikusuma Randi Pratama , Fatahillah Arif 
Published: December 2018

Usia anak SMP adalah usia saat masih suka bermain sesuatu sehingga mempengaruhi karakteristik siswa dalam proses belajar mereka. Salah satu metode studi alternatif yang dapat dikembangkan untuk memenuhi permintaan adalah metode role playing. Sasarannya adalah siswa lebih mudah untuk memahami materi pelajaran, merasa seperti dalam proses belajar dan juga mudah mengingat pokok pelajaran yang telah disampaikan oleh guru. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Silo. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan tes

Kata Kunci: Role Playing, Aktivitas Siswa, Hasil Belajar Siswa
Penerapan Model Learning Cycle 7e Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Asni Maulina Lingga , Kantun Sri , Kartini Titin 
Published: December 2018

Aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada kelas XI Akuntansi 3 SMK Negeri 1 Jember masih rendah. Rendahnya aktivitas belajar siswa karena pembelajaran yang diterapkan sebelumnya, model pembelajaran konvensional artinya pembelajaran lebih berpusat pada guru, hal itu tentu berdampak pada kurangnya pemaham siswa sehingga hasil belajar siswa juga rendah. Perlu adanya perbaikan model pembelajaran Learning Cycle 7E yang bersifat konstruktivistik artinya siswa mengkonstruk pengetahuan sendiri sehingga siswa menjadi lebih aktif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan model Learning Cycle 7E dalam meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI Akuntansi 3 SMK Negeri 1 Jember kompetensi dasar jurnal khusus Semester Genap tahun ajaran 2017/2018, serta mengetahui peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI Akuntansi 3 SMK Negeri 1 Jember. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua siklus yang terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI Akuntansi 3 SMK Negeri 1 Jember yang berjumlah 38 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, tes, wawancara dan dokumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data secara deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya model Learning Cycle 7E dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI Akuntansi 3 SMK Negeri 1 Jember pada mata pelajaran akuntansi kompetensi dasar jurnal khusus semester Genap tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Pada siklus I aktivitas belajar siswa dalam kategori sedang yaitu 2,7 meningkat menjadi 3,4 kategori tinggi pada siklus II. Sedangkan, hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I nilai rata-rata siswa 78,4 dan ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal 79%. Pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan nilai rata-rata siswa menjadi 83,7 dan ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal 84%.

Kata Kunci: Aktivitas Belajar, Hasil Belajar, Mata Pelajaran Akuntansi, Model Learning Cycle 7E
Pengembangan Buku Siswa Berbasis Kontekstual Bermuatan Nilai-Nilai Agama Islam Pada Materi Bioteknologi Kelas XII SMA/MA
Authors: Suratno S , Narulita Erlia , Luthfia Syarifattul 
Published: December 2018

Perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi semakin pesat sehingga bioteknologi sebagai suatu bidang ilmu harus dikuasai oleh bangsa Indonesia. Namun, arus perkembangan bioteknologi yang semakin pesat membuat beberapa aplikasinya menyalahi etika dan menimbulkan banyak perdebatan diberbagai area sehingga perlu norma-norma dalam mengatur aplikasinya. Upaya peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran bioteknologi dapat ditempuh dengan menggunakan bahan ajar yang berkualitas yakni salah satunya buku siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pegembangan dan menggunakan model ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahapan (analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi). Nilai validitas buku siswa yang dikembangkan sebesar 83,43% dengan kategori sangat valid. Nilai rata-rata uji keterbacaan dan tingkat kesulitan buku siswa sebesar 91,35% dengan kategori baik. Nilai kepraktisan buku siswa adalah 80,67% dengan kategori praktis. Buku siswa bersifat efektif dalam mempengaruhi siswa untuk mencapai kategori baik dalam ranah kognitif, psikomotorik, dan afektif. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa buku siswa yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran bioteknologi di kelas XII SMA dan MA di Jember.

Kata Kunci: Buku Siswa, Pendekatan Kontekstual, Nilai Religius, Model ADDIE
Remotely Controlled Mandibular Positioning of Oral Appliance Therapy during Polysomnography and Drug-induced Sleep Endoscopy Compared with Conventional Subjective Titration in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Dieltjens Marijke , Braem Marc J. , Vroegop Anneclaire V.M.T. , Kazemeini Elahe , Beyers Jolien , Kastoer Chloé , Wouters Kristien , Willemen Marc , Verbraecken Johan A. , Vanderveken Olivier M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background:
The amount of mandibular protrusion is a key factor in optimizing the efficacy of mandibular advancement device (MAD) therapy in the individual patient diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This process is called titration and is generally based on resolution of subjective symptoms like snoring and/or daytime sleepiness as a function of protrusion. An objective approach uses a remotely controlled mandibular positioner (RCMP) during a full-night polysomnography, in analogy with CPAP titration. More recently, the feasibility of RCMP use during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) titration was reported.
Methods:
This randomized crossover trial will compare DISE-assisted titration with PSG-guided-titration, as well as with the conventional subjective titration method. The primary outcome is the actual mandibular protrusive position found to be the most optimal for each tested titration procedure. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy will be compared among the different titration modalities using type 3 sleep studies.
Discussion:
Currently, the optimal titration of MAD therapy is most often based on ‘trial and error’. The conventional method relies on subjective improvement in symptoms, although this may not provide the most accurate indicator for efficient titration. Therefore, relying on objective criteria in the titration process should be advantageous. In analogy with CPAP, titration of the most optimal mandibular protrusion could be performed using RCMP during an overnight titration PSG. Recently, it was shown that titration under direct visualization of upper airway patency and collapsibility is feasible using the RCMP during DISE. However, no clinical results of such a procedure are available yet. This study is the first to compare the most optimal mandibular protrusive position according to three titration procedures, as well as to compare the therapeutic efficacy of these titration methods.
Use of EDAH Improves Maize Morphological and Mechanical Traits Related to Lodging
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Lizhen , Chai Mengzhu , Yang Deguang , van der Werf Wopke , Evers Jochem , Duan Liusheng 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Use of EDAH decreased maize lodging across plant densities.
EDAH increased strength, thickness and lignin content of internodes.
The use of EDAH lowered ear position and leaf area above the ear.
Use of EDAH lowered leaf angle so more leaves were erect.
Lodging in maize (Zea mays L.) is a major constraint to crop yield and quality, especially at high plant densities. A novel growth regulator EDAH, which contains ethephon and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA‐6), has been recently introduced in maize cultivation in China to alleviate lodging and yield loss. In this study, we aimed to identify how lodging‐relevant morphological and mechanical traits of two maize genotypes respond to EDAH at different plant densities. Two maize hybrids (Zhengdan 958 and Pioneer 335) were compared in treatments with or without EDAH at plant densities of 4.5, 6.0, 7.5 and 9.0 plants m−2. Lodging percentage was increased at higher plant density in both varieties due to weaker stems and taller plants. The use of EDAH significantly decreased lodging by increasing stem breaking strength, associated with larger stem diameter and higher stem cellulose and lignin contents compared with untreated check. The moment of the wind force on the plant was reduced by the use of EDAH as a result of lower ear positions, more erect leaves, smaller top leaf areas, and shorter internodes. At low plant density, the reduction of lodging by EDAH was mainly due to morphological changes, while at high plant density, the reduction in lodging was mainly due to improved stem breaking strength. We conclude that EDAH reduces lodging risk through the improvement of both morphological and mechanical plant traits and that these effects are expressed across a range of plant densities. The results help to better understand the mechanism of lodging‐yield relationships.
Hyperspectral‐based Inversion of Heavy Metal Content in the Soil of Coal Mining Areas
Authors: Hou Le , Li Xinju , Li Fang 
Published: December 2018

Coal mining has environmental impacts on surrounding areas, including heavy metal contamination of soil. This study explores the feasibility of using hyperspectral remote sensing to determine the heavy metal (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) content of soils in a coal‐mining area in the city of Zoucheng, Shandong Province, China. We used a plasma mass spectrometer to measure the heavy metal contents of soils and an ASD Field Spec4 spectrometer to measure soil hyperspectral data. Savitzky–Golay (SG) convolution smoothing and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) were applied to the data, along with multiple mathematical transformations. Finally, a regression model for estimating heavy metal content of soils was developed using partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis. Results show that the average heavy metal content of study soils was lower than the national standard value of soil environmental quality. The model's predictive accuracy is extremely high for Ni (R2 = 0.923 and RMSE = 0.831 by modeling; R2 = 0.879 and RMSE = 1.292 by testing); ideal for Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb; and insufficient for Cd. Preprocessing the reflectance spectra with SG convolution smoothing in combination with MSC and reciprocal logarithm transformation yields the highest model accuracy. Hyperspectral PLSR modeling can effectively predict heavy metal content of soils in coal‐mining areas, and preprocessing spectral data is crucial for achieving high prediction accuracy.Core Ideas
Quantitative inversion can provide technical support for monitoring of soil heavy metals.
Quantitative inversion can provide theoretical information for further environmental recovery in mining areas.
Hyperspectral remote sensing can quickly evaluate the status of heavy metal contamination in soil.
Seasonality of Phosphorus and Nitrate Retention in Riparian Buffers
Authors: Satchithanantham Sanjayan , English Blair , Wilson Henry 
Published: December 2018

Measurement of the retention of dissolved nutrients in riparian areas with snowmelt runoff are much less common than for rainfall runoff, but low rates of uptake or the release of nutrients with snowmelt have been attributed to frozen soils, lower biotic uptake, and release of nutrients from senesced vegetation. In the research presented here, we evaluate whether the potential for uptake of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and NO3− differ significantly between snowmelt and summer seasons with flow through 13 riparian buffers downstream of cropland in Manitoba, Canada. Flow‐through buffers in small channels are typical in this landscape, and pulsed releases of a conservative tracer and dissolved nutrients were used to measure uptake rates. Although mean uptake rates of NO3− were higher in summer than for snowmelt, responses varied widely. Aerial uptake rate of DRP showed a significant negative relationships with soil Olsen‐P (r2 = 0.54, p < 0.001) and a P saturation index (r2 = 0.48, p < 0.001) across both seasons. Biological processes may be of greater importance for NO3− retention, but DRP retention appears to be driven by adsorption–desorption regardless of season. Olsen‐P is identified as a good indicator of potential for release or retention of DRP in riparian buffers with fine‐textured calcareous soils, for both snowmelt and summer seasons. Soil testing may be a good tool to aid in the siting of new buffers and to track the effectiveness of management interventions to remove P from riparian areas, such as harvest of vegetation.Core Ideas
Riparian NO3− and DRP uptake were compared between snowmelt and summer runoff.
Retention of NO3− was more frequently observed in summer than for snowmelt.
Release rather than uptake was observed frequently for DRP.
DRP uptake was negatively correlated with soil P levels.
Sorption–desorption seems to be the primary control on DRP retention.
Effects of Biochar on Fluxes and Turnover of Carbon in Boreal Forest Soils
Authors: Zhao Peng , Palviainen Marjo , Köster Kajar , Berninger Frank , Bruckman Viktor J. , Pumpanen Jukka 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
We tested the effects of different addition rates (0, 0.5, and 1.0 kg m−2) of wood‐derived biochar (pyrolysis temperatures 650°C) on the fluxes and turnover rates of soil C in a boreal forest in southern Finland.
Biochar amendments significantly increased soil total organic C stocks, C/N ratio, and moisture content, whereas the impacts of biochar on soil N concentration and temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic matter decomposition were not clear.
Our results suggest that biochar addition doesn't accelerate the mineralization of soil organic C and could lead to larger stable C stocks in the surface soil layer.
Biochar has been used in different ecosystems to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and increase C sequestration. However, the impacts of biochar addition in cold environments, such as boreal forests, are still poorly understood. We tested the effects of different addition rates (0, 5, and 10 Mg ha–1) of wood‐derived biochar (pyrolysis temperature 650°C) on the fluxes and turnover rates of soil C in a boreal forest in southern Finland. Biochar amendments significantly increased soil total organic C (TOC) stocks, C/N ratio, and moisture content, whereas the impacts of biochar on soil N concentration and the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic matter decomposition were not clear. Significantly lower values of TOC and total N (TN) were observed in the moss and organic layer in the 5 Mg ha–1 biochar plots, however, in the mineral layer, there were no differences in C and N content between the treatments. We found a slight but statistically nonsignificant increase in soil respiration after biochar addition which increased with the amount of biochar added into the soil. However, the soil C turnover time was similar in biochar plots and control plots. We also observed a slight but statistically nonsignificant decrease in the instantaneous C fluxes normalized by the amount of C in the soil during the incubation which decreased with the application rates of biochar. Our results suggest that biochar addition doesn't accelerate the mineralization of soil organic C and could lead to larger stable C stocks in the surface soil layer. Thus, it seems that biochar is a promising tool to enhance the C sequestration in boreal forest soils.
Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach to Optimize the Sustained Release Microparticles of Gefitinib
Authors: Soni Govind , Yadav Khushwant S. , Gupta Mahesh K. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Gefitinib (GEF), the kinase inhibitor, is presently available as tablets to be taken orally in high doses of 250-500 mg per day due to its poor solubility. The solubility issues affect not only its onset of action but also the bioavailability. These drawbacks foresight the need to have an alternate dosage form, preferably a sustained release formulation.

Methods:
In the present study, microparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation using PLGA 50:50 (GEF-PLGA MP). A 32 factorial design was used to optimize the critical quality parameters to the set mean particle size in the range of 7.4±2.5 µm and entrapment efficiency of 80%. SEM microscopy of the prepared microparticles confirmed to have a spherical smooth shape. The GEFPLGA- MPs sustained the release of GEF for 72 hours. The first-order kinetics ruled the mechanism of drug release and was predicted to follow Fickian diffusion.

Result:
Anticancer efficacy was judged by the cytotoxicity studies using the L132 lung cancer cells. MTT assay showed 3-fold enhanced cytotoxicity of GEF loaded microparticles against L132 cells as compared to plain GEF.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that gefitinib can be efficiently loaded into the biodegradable polymer PLGA to provide sustained release of the drug.
Vitamin D, Inflammation and Immunity: Review of Literature and Considerations on Recent Translational and Clinical Research Developments
Authors: Trombetta Amelia C. , Paolino Sabrina , Cutolo Maurizio 
Published: December 2018

The most relevant and recent literature findings linking exposure to sunlight, Vitamin D (VD), inflammation and immune system in health and disease, are reviewed.Reduced sunlight exposure determined hypo-vitaminosis D to be common among patients or even healthy subjects, especially at higher latitudes. Numerous studies support the hypothesis that VD insufficiency could contribute to the higher autoimmune diseases incidence in the same geographic areas.In the present review, the ways in which VD was reported to influence immune system, contributing to organism homeostasis or disease development are addressed. In fact, some of the hormone activities were recognised to determine stimulation or inhibition of immune system components.Several diseases, where an association with VD deficiency was studied, are summarised. Finally, the rationale for optimization of substitutive/additive therapy with VD analogues and the last innovations regarding these drugs are mentioned.
To Supplement or not to Supplement? The Rationale of Vitamin D Supplementation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Nerviani Alessandra , Mauro Daniele , Gilio Michele , Grembiale Rosa Daniela , Lewis Myles J. 
Published: December 2018

Background:Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by abnormal activation of the immune system, chronic inflammation and organ damage. Lupus patients are more prone to be vitamin D deficient. However, current evidence is not conclusive with regards to the role played by vitamin D in SLE development, progression, and clinical manifestations.Objective:Here, we will summarise the current knowledge about vitamin D deficiency prevalence, risk factors, molecular effects, and potential pathogenic role in SLE. We will focus on the link between vitamin D deficiency and lupus clinical manifestations, and on the clinical trials assessing the effects of vitamin D supplementation in SLE.Method:A detailed literature search was performed exploiting the available databases, using “vitamin D and lupus/SLE” as keywords. The relevant interventional trials published over the last decade have been considered and the results are reported here.Conclusion:Several immune cells express vitamin D receptors. Thus, an immunomodulatory role for vitamin D in lupus is plausible. Numerous observational studies have investigated the relationship between vitamin D levels and clinical/serological manifestations of SLE with contrasting results. Negative correlations between vitamin D levels and disease activity, fatigue, renal and cardiovascular disease, and anti-dsDNA titres have been described but not conclusively accepted. In experimental models of lupus, vitamin D supplementation can improve the disease. Interventional trials have assessed the potential therapeutic value of vitamin D in SLE, but further larger studies are needed.