bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembetinaan ikan betok, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) menggunakan larutan susu dan kedelai melalui perendaman larva
Authors: Zuryani Helmi , Muslimin Boby , Khotimah Khusnul 
Published: January 2019

The ability of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) to grow effectively can be done for a sex reversal using natural steroids active ingredient which are derived from cow’s milk through immersion of the fish larvae. This research aims to increase the ratio of the female sex, survival, and growth of the larvae of climbing perch. The research material is a juvenile of 7 days old which is gained from induce breeding methods. The research was conducted at a hatchery. Sex ratio was observed in biology laboratory and water quality was observed in chemical laboratory of the University of Muhammadiyah Palembang from March to May 2016. Post-larva was immersed with three media for the treatment i.e. cow’s milk (P1), soya milk (P2) and the mix (P3). The immersion was done by 10 hours; used 2 ml L-1 dozed on each part and 50 post-larva were immersed on jar sized 10 liters. After immersing the post-larva was reared during 60 days in aquarium sized 30x30x30 cm3 for observation of sex ratio and growth. Sampling method used is a random sampling. The post-larva and water were observed every 10 days with 40% material sample of post-larva. The result showed that best grow is in P1 (61.11%). The length growth is 3.77 cm, biomass growth is 1.69 g, and produce sex ratio of female is 77.78%. AbstrakKemampuan ikan betok, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) untuk tumbuh secara efektif dapat dilakukan dengan pembe-tinaan menggunakan bahan aktif steroid alami yang berasal dari susu sapi melalui perendaman larva. Penelitian ini ber-tujuan untuk meningkatkan nisbah kelamin betina, sintasan, dan pertumbuhan larva ikan betok. Bahan uji pada peneliti-an ini adalah larva usia tujuh hari yang didapatkan dari hasil pemijahan induk dengan penyuntikan secara semi alami. Tempat pemeliharaan larva dilakukan di panti benih. Penentuan nisbah kelamin larva ikan dilakukan di laboratorium biologi dan pengamatan air diuji di Laboratorium Kimia Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang dari bulan Maret sampai bulan Mei 2016. Perlakuan uji dilakukan dengan perendaman larva pada media, yaitu susu sapi (P1), susu kedelai (P2), dan campuran keduanya (P3). Masing-masing perlakuan direndam selama 10 jam dengan dosis perlakuan sebesar 2ml L-1 dan larva sebanyak 50 ekor L-1direndam pada stoples ukuran 10 liter. Setelah proses peren-daman, larva dipelihara dalam akuarium ukuran 30x30x30 cm3 selama 60 hari untuk diamati nisbah kelamin dan tingkat pertumbuhannya. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah pengambilan sampel secara acak. Sampling pada ikan uji dan air diamati setiap 10 hari sekali dengan jumlah sampling sebanyak 40% pada ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan perendaman dengan larutan susu sapi adalah yang tertinggi, sintasan larva ikan betok sebesar 61,11%, per-tumbuhan panjang sebesar 3,77 cm, pertumbuhan bobot sebesar 1,69 g, dan nisbah kelamin betina sebesar 77,78% .
Iktiofauna air tawar Pulau Enggano, Indonesia
Authors: Hadiaty Renny Kurnia , Sauri Sopian 
Published: January 2019

Enggano is an outer island of the archipelago country, Indonesia. A field survey of freshwater fish fauna conducted in Enggano island to get the information of the ichthyofauna of this island. The fish collected in 11 freshwaters. We got 457 fish specimens of 28 species in 11 families and three orders. One species, Stiphodon sp. suspected to be new to science and five species require further study to clarify their taxonomical status. All of the fish collected specimens deposited in 77 catalog numbers of Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB). The ichthyofauna of this island could be use as the basic data for the resource management of the Enggano island. AbstrakPulau Enggano merupakan satu pulau terluar dari negara kepulauan, Indonesia. Survei ikan air tawar dilakukan di Pulau Enggano dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi iktiofauna yang ada di pulau ini. Koleksi sampel ikan dilakukan di 11 perairan tawar. Kami memperoleh 457 spesimen dari 28 spesies yang termasuk dalam 11 famili dan 3 ordo. Satu jenis diantaranya, Stiphodon sp. diduga merupakan jenis baru dan lima jenis lainnya perlu dikaji lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui status taksonominya. Semua spesimen hasil koleksi dideposit di Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) dalam 77 nomor MZB. Diharapkan data iktiofauna pulau ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pertimbangan pemerintah daerah dalam pengelolaan sumber daya P. Enggano.
Polypharmacy and Drug–drug Interactions in Older and Younger People Living with HIV: The POPPY Study
Authors: Halloran Marie O , Boyle Catherine , Kehoe Brona , Bagkeris Emmanouil , Mallon Paddy , Post Frank A , Vera Jamie , Williams Ian , Anderson Jane , Winston Alan , Sachikonye Memory , Sabin Caroline , Boffito Marta 
Published: January 2019

Background Polypharmacy (use of ≥ five medications) increases the risk of drug-drug interactions and can lead to negative health outcomes. This study aimed to review the medications of people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-negative controls in the POPPY study and evaluate the frequency of polypharmacy and potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs). Methods PDDIs between non-antiretroviral (ARV) drugs were analysed using the Lexicomp® database, and PDDIs between non-ARV and ARV drugs using the Liverpool drug interaction database. Between-group differences were assessed using χ2, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results This analysis included 698 PLWH ≥50 years, 374 PLWH <50 years and 304 HIV-negative controls ≥50 years. The prevalence of polypharmacy was 65.8% in older PLWH, 48.1% in younger PLWH and 13.2% in the HIV-negative group. When ARVs were excluded, 29.8% of older PLWH and 14.2% of younger PLWH had polypharmacy. The prevalence of ≥1 PDDI involving non-ARV drugs was 36.1%, 20.3% and 16.4%, respectively, in older PLWH, younger PLWH and HIV-negative controls. In PLWH the prevalence of ≥1 PDDI involving ARV and non-ARV drugs was 57.3% in older PLWH and 32.4% in younger PLWH. Conclusions Polypharmacy and PDDIs involving non-ARV/ARV drugs and non-ARV/non-ARV drugs were common among older PLWH, highlighting the need for increased awareness and additional research on all types of PDDI.
Mining Inter-Relationships in Online Scientific Articles and its Visualization: Natural Language Processing for Systems Biology Modeling
Authors: Melethadathil Nidheesh , Heringa Jaap , Nair Bipin , Diwakar Shyam 
Published: January 2019

With the rapid growth in the numbers of scientific publications in domains such as neuroscience and medicine, visually interlinking documents in online databases such as PubMed with the purpose of indicating the context of a query results can improve the multi-disciplinary relevance of the search results. Translational medicine and systems biology rely on studies relating basic sciences to applications, often going through multiple disciplinary domains. This paper focuses on the design and development of a new scientific document visualization platform, which allows inferring translational aspects in biosciences within published articles using machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) methods. From online databases, this software platform effectively extracted relationship connections between multiple sub-domains within neuroscience derived from abstracts related to user query. In our current implementation, the document visualization platform employs two clustering algorithms namely Suffix Tree Clustering (STC) and LINGO. Clustering quality was improved by mapping top-ranked cluster labels derived from an UMLS-Metathesaurus using a scoring function. To avoid non-clustered documents, an iterative scheme, called auto-clustering was developed and this allowed mapping previously uncategorized documents during the initial grouping process to relevant clusters. The efficacy of this document clustering and visualization platform was evaluated by expert-based validation of clustering results obtained with unique search terms. Compared to normal clustering, auto-clustering demonstrated better efficacy by generating larger numbers of unique and relevant cluster labels. Using this implementation, a Parkinson’s disease systems theory model was developed and studies based on user queries related to neuroscience and oncology have been showcased as applications.
Volumetric and Shape Analysis of the Subcortical Regions in Schizophrenia Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jamea Abdullah Abu , Alblowi Muhammed , Alghamdi Jamaan , Alosaimi Fahad D , Al-Bader Fahad , Bashir Shahid 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
Investigation of brain structure in disease has been enhanced by developments in shape analysis methods that can identify subtle regional surface distortions. High-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to compare volumetric and shape analysis in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and healthy controls (CON).

Methods:
T1-weighted, 1-mm thick MR images were acquired for 15 patients with SCZ and 15 age-matched healthy controls using subcortical volume and shape analysis, which we believe to be complimentary to volumetric measures.

Results:
SCZ patients showed significant shape differences compared to healthy controls in the right hippocampus (P < 0.005), left and right putamen (P < 0.044 and P < 0.031), left caudate (P < 0.029), right pallidum (P < 0.019), and left thalamus (P < 0.033).

Conclusion:
Our results provide evidence for subcortical neuroanatomical changes in patients with SCZ. Hence, shape analysis may aid in the identification of structural biomarkers for identifying individuals of SCZ.
V iskanju slovarsko relevantne kolokacije na primeru struktur s prislovi
Authors: Pori Eva , Kosem Iztok 
Published: January 2019

V leksikogramatični raziskavi so predstavljeni rezultati analiz struktur s prislovi, ki so bile izvedene v okviru temeljnega raziskovalnega projekta Kolokacije kot temelj jezikovnega opisa: semantični in časovni vidiki (KOLOS; J6-8255). Na podlagi rezultatov predhodno izvedene pilotne množičenjske naloge, v kateri so označevalci jezikoslovci ocenjevali avtomatsko izluščene kolokacijske kandidate iz korpusa Gigafida in se opredeljevali do tega, kaj je in kaj ni slovarsko relevantna kolokacija, smo analizirali vse kolokacijsko produktivne strukture s prislovi. Namen analiziranja je bil opredeliti kolokacijo kot semantično relevantno sopojavitev dveh (ali več) besed ter s tem tudi razliko med slovarsko relevantnimi kolokacijami in statistično prepoznanimi oz. šibkejšimi kolokacijami, ki ne opravljajo semantične funkcije in so posledično nerelevantne za kolokacijski slovar.
Analize struktur s prislovi so pokazale, da se je o semantični relevantnosti in slovarski vključenosti pri posameznih primerih kolokacijskih kandidatov ali tipih kolokatorjev treba odločati na ravni posamezne strukture. Tovrstni primer so prislovi, ki lahko nastopajo v vlogi intenzifikatorja (tip kar pošteno [načeti]) ali pa semantično manj relevantni vlogi poudarnosti oz. členkovnosti (tip kar prekiniti). Podobne jezikoslovne obravnave so potrebne širše skupine števniškosti, kot je kratnost ali zaporedje (zaporednostni prislovi), ki jih zaradi raznolike semantične relevantnosti ne moremo strukturno omejiti (četrtič doktorirati proti stokrat povedati).
Podatki, pridobljeni na podlagi opravljenih analiz, bodo omogočali podrobnejše ali nadaljnje analize, predvsem pa celovit opis vsake kolokacijske strukture in njene kolokativnosti. Na podlagi identificiranih napak zaradi avtomatskega označevanja strukture pa bo mogoče nadgraditi obstoječe vzorce za luščenje in predvsem izboljšati avtomatsko luščenje za problematične strukture. Podatki bodo zelo uporabni tudi pri nadaljnjem vključevanju in obravnavi novih struktur, prvotno izločenih zaradi precejšnjega šuma. Vse ugotovitve bo mogoče implementirati v leksikografski delotok in na ta način izboljšati podatke (stopenjskost gesel) v slovarju. Učno množico s 17.576 kandidati bo mogoče uporabiti tudi v drugih dejavnostih projekta KOLOS: za uvrščanje kolokatorjev v gruče, primerjavo sopomenk s kolokacijami in nenazadnje za proučevanje kolokacijskih trendov skozi čas.
Glacial limitation of tropical mountain height
Authors: Cunningham Maxwell T. , Stark Colin P. , Kaplan Michael R. , Schaefer Joerg M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Absent glacial erosion, mountain range
height is limited by the rate of bedrock river incision and is thought to
asymptote to a steady-state elevation as erosion and rock uplift rates
converge. For glaciated mountains, there is evidence that range height is
limited by glacial erosion rates, which vary cyclically with glaciations. The
strongest evidence for glacial limitation is at midlatitudes, where
range-scale hypsometric maxima (modal elevations) lie within the bounds of
Late Pleistocene snow line variation. In the tropics, where mountain
glaciation is sparse, range elevation is generally considered to be fluvially
limited and glacial limitation is discounted. Here we present topographic
evidence to the contrary. By applying both old and new methods of hypsometric
analysis to high mountains in the tropics, we show that (a) the majority are
subject to glacial erosion linked to a perched base level set by the snow
line or equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and (b) many truncate through glacial
erosion towards the cold-phase ELA. Evaluation of the hypsometric analyses at
two field sites where glacial limitation is seemingly marginal reveals how
glaciofluvial processes act in tandem to accelerate erosion near the
cold-phase ELA during warm phases and to reduce their preservation potential.
We conclude that glacial erosion truncates high tropical mountains on a
cyclic basis: zones of glacial erosion expand during cold periods and
contract during warm periods as fluvially driven escarpments encroach and
destroy evidence of glacial action. The inherent disequilibrium of this
glaciofluvial limitation complicates the concept of time-averaged erosional
steady state, making it meaningful only on long timescales far exceeding the
interval between major glaciations.
La tutoría entre iguales: un elemento clave en las aulas interculturales inclusivas
Authors: Molina Diaz Maria , Benet Gil Alicia , Doménech Vidal Ana 
Published: January 2019

En este trabajo se presenta la puesta en marcha de una experiencia de tutoría entre iguales fija llevada a cabo en el centro de una pequeña localidad de Castellón con alumnos de tercer curso de Educación Infantil y alumnos de sexto de Educación Primaria. La experiencia aquí presentada sigue un procedimiento muy marcado en el que se constituyen las parejas, se realizan sesiones de formación a los agentes implicados, se procede a la preparación y diseño de material y finalmente, se realizan las sesiones de tutoría. Tras la práctica, la recogida de información se realizó a través de un grupo de discusión con el alumnado tutor con el fin de conocer su opinión sobre el efecto que las tutorías habían tenido en ellos. Tal y como se muestra en los resultados, los tutores apuntan que la participación en las tutorías ha influido positivamente en la competencia lectora de sus tutorados y en la paciencia y cohesión de grupo de ellos, los tutores. Así pues la tutoría entre iguales se ha utilizado para convertir las interacciones entre alumnos de diferentes cursos en oportunidades de aprendizaje y crecimiento, tanto académica como personalmente.
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE QUANTITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL CROSSLINKS IN UNAGED AND AGED NATURAL RUBBER. II: A SULFUR DONOR SYSTEM
Authors: Howse Samantha , Porter Christopher , Mengistu Tesfaldet , Petrov Ivan , Pazur Richard J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTA series of unfilled and stabilized natural rubber compounds varying in concentration of tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) was analyzed using rheometry, hardness, dynamic mechanical properties, stress–strain (Mooney–Rivlin), equilibrium solvent swell (Flory–Rhener), and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) by the double quantum (DQ) technique. Crosslinking level increased proportionately with TMTD concentration, and the reaction ratio of three TMTD molecules producing one crosslink was generally upheld. Unreacted TMTD acted as a pseudo-plasticizer and lowered the chain entanglement density with increasing TMTD content. DQ NMR confirmed that the elastic network was homogeneous and that the absolute chemical crosslink distributions broaden with increasing curative level. Upon mild heat aging, zinc complexes based on TMTD/ZnO are likely responsible for causing additional crosslinking, explaining the rise in crosslink density by equilibrium solvent swell and DQ NMR. The amine-based antioxidant, the generation of thiocarbamate radicals from TMTD, and the heat stability of the predominant monosulfide crosslinking system helped to limit network breakdown through chain scission. The chain entanglement increase is likely due to reduction of the plasticizing effect caused by unreacted curative. The distribution of crosslinks slightly broadens toward higher total crosslink density because of the generation of additional chemical crosslinks and chain entanglement densification.
No evidence for prosodic effects on the syntactic encoding of complement clauses in German
Authors: Kentner Gerrit , Franz Isabelle 
Published: January 2019

Does linguistic rhythm matter to syntax, and if so, what kinds of syntactic decisions are susceptible to rhythm? By means of two recall-based sentence production experiments and two corpus studies – one on spoken and one on written language – we investigated whether linguistic rhythm affects the choice between introduced and un-introduced complement clauses in German. Apart from the presence or absence of the complementiser dass (‘that’), these two sentence types differ with respect to the position of the tensed verb (verb-final/verb-second). Against our predictions, that were based on previously reported rhythmic effects on the use of the optional complementiser that in English, the experiments fail to obtain compelling evidence for rhythmic/prosodic influences on the structure of complement clauses in German. An overview of pertinent studies showing rhythmic influences on syntactic encoding suggests these effects to be generally restricted to syntactic domains smaller than a clause. We assume that, in the course of language production, initially, clause level syntactic projections are specified; their specification is in fact the prerequisite for phonological encoding to start. Consequently, prosodic effects may only touch upon the lower level categories that are to be integrated into the clausal projection, but not upon the syntactic makeup of the higher order projection itself.
The Association of Invasive Cribriform Lesions With Adverse Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Outcomes: An Institutional Experience, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Xunda , Khurana Jasvir S. , Jhala Nirag , Zhao Huaqing , Wang He 
Published: January 2019

Context.—Recent studies and a few reviews suggest that presence of invasive cribriform lesions (ICLs) in prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma correlates with adverse outcomes. However, a systematic review with meta-analysis on this correlation is currently lacking.Objective.—To compare the likelihood of adverse outcomes by the status of ICLs in prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma with the meta-analysis of high-quality published data and institutional experience.Data Sources.—PubMed, Scopus, manually searched references, and institutional data.Study Selection.—Observational retrospective case-control studies or prospective cohort studies of adverse outcomes stratified by the status of ICLs were selected.Data Extraction.—Study quality was analyzed. The prevalence of adverse outcomes stratified by the status of ICLs was extracted.Conclusions.—Eighty-five cases were reviewed. Extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and regional lymph node metastasis were observed in 18 (45%), 14 (35%), and 7 (17.5%) of the 40 cases with cribriform lesions, respectively. These features were observed in 4 (8.9%), 1 (2.2%), and 0 (0%) of the 45 cases without ICLs. During the follow-up, biochemical prostate-specific antigen recurrence, local recurrence, and metastasis/disease-specific death were documented in 7 (17.5%), 2 (5%), and 2 (5%) of the 40 cases with ICLs. These poor outcomes were found in 6 (13.3%), 1 (2.2%), and 1 (2.2%) of the 45 cases without ICLs. Meta-analysis revealed a significant increase in the risk of adverse outcomes in patients who had ICLs relative to those who did not (odds ratio, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.61–5.97; I2 = 53%; Z = 6.52; P &lt; .01). These results suggest that presence of ICLs is associated with adverse outcomes.
The Significance of So-Called Equivocal Immunohistochemical Staining for Cytomegalovirus in Colorectal Biopsies
Authors: Ambelil Manju , Saulino David M. , Ertan Atilla , DuPont Andrew W. , Younes Mamoun 
Published: January 2019

Context.—
Recent studies examining immunohistochemical staining of colorectal biopsies for cytomegalovirus (CMV) reported that some cases showed only occasional small positive nuclei that were called equivocal for CMV.

Objectives.—
To determine the extent and clinical significance of equivocal CMV staining in colorectal biopsies.

Design.—
Two-hundred twenty-one consecutive cases of colon and rectal biopsies that were stained for CMV by immunohistochemistry were retrieved from our files and reviewed. Staining results were recorded as negative, unequivocal, or equivocal. Results were correlated with clinicopathologic data, results of polymerase chain reaction studies for CMV, and treatment history.

Results.—
Fifty-two cases (24% of all tested, 63% of positive cases) showed equivocal staining for CMV, and of these, 41 had follow-up information. Polymerase chain reaction for CMV was performed largely on blood samples and was not found to be sensitive for the detections of CMV proctocolitis. Of 25 patients who received antiviral treatment, 21 (84%) had complete resolution of symptoms, compared with 8 of 16 (50%) who did not receive antivirals (P = .02). There was no statistically significant difference in response to antiviral drugs in patients with equivocal and unequivocal CMV staining (P = .17).

Conclusions.—
Equivocal CMV staining likely represents true CMV proctocolitis. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.