bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High sampling effectiveness for non‐bee flower visitors using vane traps in both open and wooded habitats
Authors: Hall Mark A , Reboud Eliette L 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany non‐bee insects are important for pollination, yet few studies have assessed the effectiveness of sampling these taxa using low‐cost techniques, such as coloured vane traps, among different habitat types. This study sampled 192 sites – 108 in wooded and 84 in open habitats – within an agricultural region of southern Australia. Pairs of blue and yellow vane traps were placed at each site for a period of seven days during the austral spring. Overall, 3114 flies (Diptera) from 19 families and 528 wasps (non‐bee and non‐formicid Hymenoptera) from 16 families were collected during the study. This sampling was representative of the region, with vane traps equally or more likely to collect as many families from both taxa as those reported on the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) database for the sampling area. Blue vane traps (BVTs) had greater average richness of both flies and wasps and greater activity density (abundance per 7‐day sampling period) of individuals than yellow vane traps (YVTs). BVTs were particularly favoured by fly and wasp families known to pollinate flowers (e.g. Syrphidae, Bombyliidae and Scoliidae), whilst YVTs sampled flower visitors that also provide additional ecosystem services, such as pest control and nutrient cycling. Here, vane traps were an effective sampling technique to capture non‐bee flower visitors, such as flies and wasps. This study supports the use of vane traps as a component of the sampling protocol for ecological census and population monitoring within multiple habitat types, where colour attraction will more effectively sample a comprehensive pollinator community.
Dermatological conditions encountered in The Independent State of Samoa and an exploration of possible strategies to manage dermatological health‐care needs in this resource‐poor setting
Authors: Wlodek Christina , Va'a‐ Fuimaono Helena , Ekeroma Alec 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis report adds to the limited existing literature concerning dermatoses in Samoa. Conditions encountered during a 4‐day private clinic are reported. Amongst the 75 patients reviewed, eczema was the most frequent condition diagnosed. This was followed by infective dermatoses particularly pityriasis versicolor and tinea infections. Reassuringly, in 97% of cases, suitable medications were available locally.
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis associated with ulcerative colitis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Kanda Naoko , Nakadaira Nanami , Otsuka Yohei , Ishii Norito , Hoashi Toshihiko , Saeki Hidehisa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report the case of a 59‐year‐old Japanese woman who developed linear IgA bullous dermatosis during treatment for ulcerative colitis that manifested as pruritic vesicles with erythema on the trunk and scalp. Histopathological examination revealed subepidermal bulla with neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration in the upper dermis. Direct immunofluorescence revealed linear IgA deposits at the basement membrane zone, and indirect immunofluorescence using split skin revealed IgA reaction to the epidermal side (lamina lucida type). We reviewed 33 reported cases of linear IgA bullous dermatosis associated with ulcerative colitis and found that ulcerative colitis preceded the onset of linear IgA bullous dermatosis in 94% of the patients and that IgA‐positive patients in split skin indirect immunofluorescence all showed the lamina lucida type, indicating that target antigens for serum IgA antibodies may reside in the lamina lucida. Regarding the pathogenetic association of ulcerative colitis and linear IgA bullous dermatosis, intestinal inflammation may induce the exposure and presentation of intestinal antigens that are cross‐reactive to cutaneous antigens, stimulating autoimmune response to antigens of cutaneous basement membrane zones.
Floral species richness, structural diversity and conservation value of vanilla agroecosystems in Madagascar
Authors: Hending Daniel , Andrianiaina Angelo , Maxfield Pete , Rakotomalala Zafimahery , Cotton Sam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAgricultural landscapes provide financial livelihoods for farming communities in rural areas. However, such agroenvironments can significantly impact the local floral biodiversity and introduce harmful invasive species to the ecosystem. Despite the prominence of plantations throughout the tropics, their effects on local flora are limited to only a few specific cash crops and geographical regions. Here, we compared the species richness and structural diversity of vegetation in natural forest fragments and three types of vanilla plantation within the Sava region of north‐east Madagascar ranging from those within or adjacent to existing forests, to intensively cultivated plantations. We recorded data on plant species abundance, diameter at breast height and canopy cover within multiple sites of each habitat. We used abundance data to calculate species richness indices, and we compared these metrics between habitats. Forested habitats contained a significantly higher floral species richness, structural diversity and more endemic and regionally native species than nonforested, anthropogenic vanilla plantations. However, our results suggest that the high floral species richness and structural diversity of natural forests can be partially achieved in vanilla plantations, depending on the site's management regime; traditionally managed vanilla plantations located close to natural forests can support diverse floral communities. These encouraging findings for plant conservation and sustainable agroforestry in Madagascar suggest that that newly created vanilla plantations and already existing nonforested plantations should endeavour to follow the more traditional forested approach to enhance the future sustainability and promote floristic diversity.
Laughing when you shouldn't
Authors: RUDGE ALICE 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBatek people describe their many laughter taboos with utmost seriousness, and in ethical terms of good and bad. Despite this, people often get it wrong—sometimes laughing all the more when the taboos forbid it. Because laughter can be ambiguous and impossible to control, being wrong can be accepted without the need for discussion or reflection. People thus act autonomously while holding deeply shared ethical orientations. Here, ethics can be both culturally predefined and shaped by individuals, as when it comes to laughter people draw on individual and shared concerns in an ad hoc, flexible manner. Laughter's tangled contradictions thus demonstrate that people's understandings of being “good” are mutually implicated with their understandings of what it means to be a person in relation to others. [laughter, egalitarianism, taboo, ethics, hunter‐gatherers, Batek, Malaysia, Southeast Asia]
Liquid indigeneity
Authors: MONTERESCU DANIEL , HANDEL ARIEL 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIsrael/Palestine is a site of bitter struggle over definitions of indigeneity and settlerness. In 2008 the first Palestinian “indigenous wine” was released, introducing a discourse of primordial place‐based authenticity into the wine field. Today, winemakers, scientists, autochthonous grapes, and native wines reconfigure the field of gastronationalism. Palestinian and Israeli wine industries can now claim exclusive historical entitlement in a global era in which terroir, that is, the idiosyncratic place, shapes economic and cultural value. Against the dominance of “international varieties,” this indigenous turn in the wine world mobilizes genetics, enology, and ancient texts to rewrite thelongue duréeof the Israeli/Palestinian landscape. The appropriation of the indigenous grape illustrates the power of science, craft, and taste to reconfigure the human and nonhuman politics of settler colonialism. [settler colonialism,science,gastronationalism,authenticity,wine,terroir,Israel,Palestine]
Gestational age‐related reference values for Apgar score and umbilical cord arterial and venous pH in preterm and term newborns
Authors: Zaigham Mehreen , Källén Karin , Olofsson Per 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionDespite much literature on reference values of acid‐base status in umbilical cord blood at birth, there are as yet no studies performed to determine gestational age‐dependent references in cord venous blood and no studies on preterm acid‐base standards. Similarly, the normal reference range of Apgar scores for term and preterm infants has not yet been determined.Material and methodsData were obtained from the maternity units of Skåne University Hospital, Malmö and Lund, Sweden, from 2001 to 2010. Validated paired arterial and venous cord pH values were obtained from 27 175 newborns, of whom 18 584 had spontaneous, non‐instrumental vaginal deliveries and a 5‐minute Apgar score equal to or greater than the median value for the individual gestational week. Simple linear and polynomial regression analyses were performed. Values were reported as mean ± standard deviation and median with 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles.ResultsMedian 5‐minute Apgar score was 7 for gestations shorter than 28 weeks, 8 for 28 weeks, 9 for 29‐30 weeks, and 10 from 31 weeks onwards. A linear decline in pH for both cord arterial and venous blood was seen with advancing gestational age (P < 0.001).ConclusionsMedian 5‐minute Apgar scores were <10 before 31 weeks of gestation. Both umbilical cord arterial and venous pH decreased linearly with increasing gestational age. Further studies are needed to show whether gestational age‐related pH reference ranges might be preferred to fixed cut‐offs in the estimation of umbilical cord acidemia at birth.
Independent risk factors for ICU mortality after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Piffard Marianne , Nubret‐Le Coniat Karine , Simon Olivier , Leuillet Sébastien , Rémy Alain , Barandon Laurent , Ouattara Alexandre 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLeft ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are used as an alternative therapy for heart transplantation in patients with advanced heart failure. However, the mortality rate of these patients remains relatively high. A large proportion of deaths after LVAD implantation occur during intensive care unit (ICU) stay. We conducted a retrospective study to identify the risk factors for all‐cause ICU mortality in patients with an implanted LVAD. Between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2016, 70 consecutive patients who had received an LVAD were analyzed. The median ICU length of stay was 14 days (IQR: 8‐31) and 16 patients (22.9% [95%CI: 13.1‐32.7]) died in the ICU. The 90‐day mortality rate was 25.7% (95%CI: 15.5‐35.9). The main causes of ICU mortality were: multiple organ failure, stroke, and hemorrhagic events. The univariate analysis identified the following perioperative risk factors for all‐cause ICU mortality: hypertension, preoperative platelet count, preoperative white cell count, inotropic support before LVAD implantation, mechanical ventilation before LVAD implantation, renal replacement therapy before LVAD implantation, short‐term mechanical support before LVAD implantation, INTERMACS class 1 to 2, low intraoperative platelet count, low early postoperative hemoglobin level, low early postoperative platelet count, low early postoperative pH, and massive perioperative blood transfusion. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only mechanical ventilation before LVAD implantation was retained as an independent risk factor for ICU mortality (OR = 11.96 [95%CI: 2.67‐53.45], P < .01). These findings confirm that most deaths after LVAD implantation occur in the ICU. Patients that receive mechanical ventilation preoperatively have the highest risk of death. This confirms the need to actively treat respiratory failure and to wean patients from respiratory support before LVAD implantation. Such a strategy offers the best opportunity to initiate active rehabilitation.
A human Amniotic Membrane plug to manage high myopic macular hole associated with retinal detachment
Authors: Caporossi Tomaso , De Angelis Lorenzo , Pacini Bianca , Tartaro Ruggero , Finocchio Lucia , Barca Francesco , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of the human amniotic membrane (hAM) to treat (HMMH) associated with retinal detachment (RD).Material and MethodsTen eyes of 10 patients with recurrent HMMH and RD, who had already undergone one or more pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), underwent a PPV with an hAM plug implanted in the macular hole. The initial five patients enrolled were tamponaded with (SO) while the subsequent five patients with 10% octafluoropropane (C3F8). Silicon oil was removed in all five patients 2 months later. No statistical differences were reported between the two groups.ResultsFinal retinal reattachment was achieved in all the patients. BCVA improved from 1.73 logMAR to 0.94 logMAR after 6 months. No adverse events were registered during follow‐up.ConclusionAn hAM plug is an efficient substrate to manage HMMH associated with RD resulting in encouraging visual acuity recovery.
Galectin‐1 studies in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Abu El‐Asrar Ahmed M. , Ahmad Ajmal , Allegaert Eef , Siddiquei Mohammad Mairaj , Alam Kaiser , Gikandi Priscilla W. , De Hertogh Gert , Opdenakker Ghislain 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeGalectin‐1 regulates endothelial cell function and promotes angiogenesis. We investigated the hypothesis that galectin‐1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).MethodsVitreous samples from 36 PDR and 20 nondiabetic patients, epiretinal fibrovascular membranes from 13 patients with PDR, rat retinas and human retinal Müller glial cells were studied by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In vitro angiogenesis assays were performed and the adherence of leukocytes to galectin‐1‐stimulated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) was assessed.ResultsThe ELISA analysis revealed that galectin‐1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were significantly higher in vitreous samples from PDR patients than in those from nondiabetics (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). A significant positive correlation was found between the levels of galectin‐1 and VEGF (r = 0.354; p = 0.022). In epiretinal membranes, immunohistochemical analysis showed that galectin‐1 was expressed in vascular endothelial cells expressing CD31, myofibroblasts expressing α‐smooth muscle actin and leukocytes expressing CD45. The galectin‐1 receptor neuropilin‐1 was expressed on vascular endothelial cells. CD31 staining was used as a marker to assess microvessel density (MVD). Significant positive correlation was detected between MVD in epiretinal membranes and the number of blood vessels expressing galectin‐1 (r = 0.848; p < 0.001). Western blot analysis demonstrated significant increase of galectin‐1 protein in rat retinas after induction of diabetes. ELISA analysis revealed that hydrogen peroxide and cobalt chloride (CoCl2) induced upregulation of galectin‐1 in Müller cells. Treatment with galectin‐1 induced upregulation of VEGF in Müller cells and increased leukocyte adhesion to HRMECs. The galectin‐1 inhibitor OTX008 attenuated VEGF‐induced HRMECs migration and CoCl2‐induced upregulation of NF‐κB, galectin‐1 and VEGF in Müller cells.ConclusionsThese results suggest that galectin‐1is involved in the pathogenesis of PDR.
Identification of hypothalamic genes in associating with food intake during incubation behavior in domestic chicken
Authors: Takeda Misa , Ohkubo Takeshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe molecular mechanism underlying in the onset and maintenance of incubation behavior are not fully understood, and it is still unknown the reason why White Leghorn, a layer strain, hens never display incubation behavior. Therefore, to explore specific hypothalamic genes regulating incubation behavior, cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) were applied to comparison between incubating Silkie and laying White Leghorn hens. In addition, mRNA expression of some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and melanocortinergic appetite genes including agouti‐related peptide (AgRP) and pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) was also analyzed on Silkie hens under natural anorexia and starvation. The CAGE identified 217 hypothalamic DEGs in incubating Silkie hens, and that of two, transthyretin (TTR) and prolactin‐releasing peptide (PrRP), suggested as appetite gene, were markedly up– and down‐regulated in incubating hens, respectively. In addition, AgRP and POMC expression also increased in incubating bird. mRNA expression of TTR, PrRP, and appetite genes were not differed significantly by starvation, although TTR mRNA expression was relatively high in fasting hens. Consequently, transcriptome by CAGE identified a number of hypothalamic genes differentially expressed by incubation behavior in Silkie hens. Of these, it is suggested that TTR and PrRP may, at least in part, be related to adaptation to natural anorexia in incubating Silkie chickens.
Effects of shared medical appointments compared to individual appointments in children with atopic dermatitis: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zijlstra Wieneke T. , van Os‐Medendorp Harmieke , Fieten Karin B. , Sinnema Gerben , Bruijnzeel‐Koomen Carla A. F. M. , Zuithoff Nicolaas P. A. , L'Hoir Monique P. , Pasmans Suzanne G. M. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) needs intensive treatment and has a negative impact on quality of life. Shared medical appointments (SMAs) showed to be effective in clinical outcomes of chronic diseases, but little is known about the effects on children and families.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of SMAs compared to individual appointments (IA) for children with AD and their parents on coping and clinical outcomes.MethodsIn a pragmatic randomized controlled trial, new patients in UMC Utrecht with AD, younger than 18 years, and their parents were assigned to the SMA group or the IA group using a covariate adaptive randomization method, controlled for age. Before the intervention, 2 months (primary time‐point) and 6 months thereafter, we assessed parental emotional coping (primary outcome), quality of life, anxiety about corticosteroids and patient disease activity. Patients, parents and healthcare professionals could not be blinded to group assignment.ResultsOf 140 patients, enrolled in the trial, 69 patients were assigned to the SMA and 71 to the IA intervention of whom 114 completed the intervention (SMA: 49; IA: 65). After 2 months, there were no differences between SMAs and IAs in effects on emotional coping: b 0.66, 95% CI −0.7 to 2.03; P = 0.33 (mean difference: 0.30; 95% CI −1.56 to 2.16; N SMA: 11; IA: 24), quality of life, anxiety about corticosteroids and disease activity. From the initial appointment to long‐term follow‐up, both groups showed substantial improvements, but not significant in disease activity and significant reduction in anxiety about corticosteroids. This study is limited by a low response rate; therefore, linear mixed models and dropout analyses were performed. No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceFor children with AD and their parents, there were no additional benefits of GMAs in parental emotional coping, anxiety about corticosteroids, quality of life and disease activity.Trial registrationwww.ISRCTN.org, ISRCTN08506572.
Formulation technologies for oral vaccines
Authors: New R R C 
Published: July 2019

SummaryMany options now exist for constructing oral vaccines which, in experimental systems, have shown themselves to be able to generate highly effective immunity against infectious diseases. Their suitability for implementation in clinical practice, however, for prevention of outbreaks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), is not always guaranteed, because of factors such as cost, logistics and cultural and environmental conditions. This brief overview provides a summary of the various approaches which can be adopted, and evaluates them from a pharmaceutical point, taking into account potential regulatory issues, expense, manufacturing complexity, etc., all of which can determine whether a vaccine approach will be successful in the late stages of development. Attention is also drawn to problems arising from inadequate diet, which impacts upon success in stimulating effective immunity, and identifies the use of lipid-based carriers as a way to counteract the problem of nutritional deficiencies in vaccination campaigns.
Prevalence and risk profile of retinopathy in non‐diabetic subjects: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2008
Authors: Zhu Zhuoting , Wang Wei , Scheetz Jane , Zhang Jian , He Mingguang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImportanceRecent US national population‐based data on the prevalence of retinopathy in non‐diabetic participants is limited.BackgroundTo assess the prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy in a representative US population without diabetes.DesignPopulation‐based, cross‐sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 4354 non‐diabetic participants 40 years and older with valid fundus photographs in the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.MethodsDiabetes mellitus was defined as glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%, physician diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or use of diabetic medication. Retinopathy level was based on the Modified Airlie House adaptation from the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol. Risk profile was assessed from standardized interviews, clinical examinations and laboratory measurements.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence and risk profile of retinopathy in non‐diabetic participants.ResultsThe overall weighted prevalence of retinopathy was 6.7% (n = 341). Among them, 98.2% (n = 331) had signs of minimal‐to‐mild non‐proliferative retinopathy (ETDRS level 14‐31) while only 1.8% (n = 10) had moderate‐to‐severe non‐proliferative retinopathy (ETDRS level 41‐51). After adjusting for multiple covariates, retinopathy signs in non‐diabetic participants were associated with male gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22–1.93), systolic blood pressure (OR per 10 mmHg increase 1.11; 95% CI 1.03–1.19), HbA1c (OR per % increase 1.43; 95% CI 1.01–2.05) and history of stroke (OR 2.39; 95% CI 1.14–5.04).Conclusions and RelevanceConsistent with previous studies, signs of retinopathy are common in US persons without diabetes. Risk factors for retinopathy signs include gender, blood pressure, HbA1c and history of stroke.