bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle migration from the Global South to the Global North: Individualism, social class, and freedom in a centre of “superdiversity”
Authors: Robins Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLifestyle migration is a growing field of interest. Traditionally, research into lifestyle migration has focused on either “North to North” or “North to South” migration. This article analyses middle‐class Brazilian migration to London together with examples from the lifestyle migration literature to argue that there are instances of movement from the Global South to the Global North, which should be classified as lifestyle migration according to how the term is used in the literature. This is important because there is a tendency in migration studies to implicitly classify all voluntary migration from South to North as “economic.” The article compares the similarities in terms of motivations to migrate and identity as a migrant, between “lifestyle migrants” as characterised in the literature and many Brazilian middle‐class migrants to London. Rather than economic gain, individualist ideals of anonymity and mobility are often central in the discourse. Mobility is conceived not only as mobility across space but also in terms of mobility of identity, specifically as a disavowal of a transnational identity in favour of a more individualistic ideological stance. The article goes on to examine how the dichotomy between lifestyle and economic migrants is operationalised within the discourse of middle‐class Brazilian migrants to demarcate their situation from their “transnational” compatriots who they view as “other.” This act of distancing themselves from the “typical migrant” and often from Brazilian “culture” more generally is often stratified by class and race. Distancing becomes especially important in cases when differences may not be so apparent to an outside observer. The article ultimately argues for an understanding of lifestyle migration that incorporates movements from South to North and thus for a greater emphasis on social class, which, in the context of Brazil, is bound up with issues of racial and ethnic identity.
The effect of atmosphere–ocean coupling on the prediction of 2016 western North Pacific tropical cyclones
Authors: Feng Xiangbo , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Hodges Kevin I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe examine the merit of atmosphere–ocean coupled models for tropical cyclone (TC) predictions in the western North Pacific (WNP), where accurate TC predictions remain challenging. The UK Met Office operational atmospheric global numerical weather prediction (NWP) model is compared with two trial coupled configurations, in which the operational atmospheric model is coupled to a one‐dimensional mixed‐layer ocean model and a three‐dimensional dynamical ocean model. Reforecasts for the 2016 TC season show that the coupled models outperform the NWP model for TC location predictions, with a systematic improvement of 50–100 km over the seven‐day forecasts, but the coupled models amplify the underestimation of TC intensity in the NWP model. Nearly identical TC predictions (for both location and intensity) are found in the two coupled models, indicating the dominance of thermodynamic processes at the air–sea interface for TC predictions on these timescales. The improved prediction of the TC position in the coupled models is associated with an enhanced Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH), which introduces an anticyclonic steering flow anomaly that shifts TC tracks further west in the southern part of the region and further east in the northern part. Based on sensitivity experiments, we show that these improvements in the coupled models are due mainly to colder initial sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs). Air–sea feedbacks do not change the WNPSH or TC tracks noticeably. Apart from the effect of the initial SSTs, tropical ocean warming due to air–sea interaction in the coupled forecasts can also reduce the predicted TC intensity, presumably due to a stronger regional Hadley circulation with increased subtropical subsidence.
Fish passage modelling for environmental flows: Hawkesbury‐Nepean River, NSW, Australia
Authors: Reinfelds Ivars V. , Keenan Helen , Walsh Christopher T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRobust, objective, and repeatable approaches that define flow thresholds for fish passage across critical natural barriers such as riffles, rapids, and waterfalls are required for determining environmental flow strategies. These approaches also provide an opportunity to garner community sector backing for environmental flow releases from dams in support of tangible environmental beneficiaries—native fish. This paper outlines the results of a two‐dimensional hydraulic modelling approach to fish passage assessment for Australian bass (Percalates novemaculeata) that was used to inform the development of an environmental flow regime downstream of Warrragamba Dam, NSW, Australia. Flow rates of ≥500 MLd−1 were found to facilitate depth‐limited upstream passage through a 20‐km river reach that contained 19 natural passage barriers to adult Australian bass up to 400–450 mm in length. Ideal passage conditions were determined at flow rates of ≥1,000 MLd−1. Juvenile bass passage was found to be inhibited by high velocities at flow rates >250 MLd−1, with flows of 100–250 MLd−1 providing ideal conditions for juvenile passage. Fish length, body depth, and caudal fin depth data, as used in this study for Australian bass, provided more precise fish passage depth thresholds. Precision in fish passage assessments is important as each centimetre of additional flow depth influences cost–benefit analyses of environmental flow releases versus consumptive water uses. Although hydraulic modelling and field‐based approaches to fish passage assessment are well established, there is currently a lack of published data on native Australian freshwater fish length, body depth, and caudal fin depth data for use in fish passage assessments and for inclusion in “fish‐friendly” government policy initiatives.
National classification of surface–groundwater interaction using random forest machine learning technique
Authors: Yang Jing , Griffiths James , Zammit Christian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCharacterization of surface–groundwater interaction is an increasingly useful skill for riverine ecologists and water resource managers interested in the dynamics of water, nutrient, and micro‐organism exchange at the reach scale, as it can be used to better represent point‐scale processes within larger catchment‐scale models. This study describes a method for predicting the nature of reach‐scale surface–groundwater interaction, using the random forest (RF) machine learning technique with national‐scale geology, hydrology, and land use data. Observed stream flow depletion and accretion surveys from riparian areas and spring‐line flow accretion surveys were also used. The RF model allowed prediction of observed losing and gaining reaches with a high prediction accuracy (“out‐of‐bag” error < 10%). The performance of the model, however, was found to be dependent on the geographic administrative region. The model was also found to be sensitive to slope, distance to headwater, distance to coast, and underlying geological characteristics. When applied in New Zealand, this approach yielded a realistic conceptual representation of national surface–groundwater dynamics that are subsequently being used to inform a national‐scale hydrological model.
Effect of chewing gum on stress, anxiety, depression, self‐focused attention, and academic success: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Yaman‐Sözbir Şengül , Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan , Bayrak‐Kahraman Burcu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChewing gum is thought to increase focus via a reduction in stress and anxiety. Chewing gum contributes to success by improving short‐term memory. This study was conducted to determine the effect of chewing gum on stress, anxiety, depression, self‐focused attention, and exam success. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with a total of 100 students. In the long‐term (19 days) and short‐term (7 days) chewing gum groups, the pretest scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly higher than the posttest scores. Although the posttest scores on the self‐focused attention subscale were higher than the pretest scores in long‐term chewing gum group, there was no significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores in this group. The academic success mean scores of the long‐term experimental group students were higher than those of the other groups. Students are recommended to chew gum before exams in order to overcome exam stress and to enhance exam success. However, chewing gum is not recommended in the long term for students who have difficulty focussing their attention.
Influence of Nutritional Status on Carbon Dioxide Tolerance and Avoidance Behavior in a Freshwater Teleost
Authors: Suski Cory D. , Philipp Madison A. , Hasler Caleb T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChallenging environmental conditions can induce voluntary behavioral avoidance in animals. Dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) is an environmental stressor that was previously shown to upregulate the stress axis in fish and also causes voluntary avoidance. Variation in individual state or context, such as whether an animal is fasted or fed, can alter animal behavior, including the response to environmental challenges. In the current study, we sought to define the influence of nutritional status on the response of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides to elevated CO2. Two groups of Largemouth Bass—one fed group and one fasted group—were first subjected to a CO2 shuttling protocol to define avoidance thresholds, followed by a CO2 tolerance protocol to define the time required to lose equilibrium and recover. Data showed that although feeding and fasting had no influence on the avoidance of CO2, fasted fish required 17% longer to lose equilibrium in elevated CO2. Avoidance of elevated CO2 is therefore independent of animal state, but fish in poor nutritional condition from fasting are more tolerant. Thus, managers considering elevated CO2 as a nonphysical barrier to deter fish movements should be cognizant of food availability, as fasted animals may require increased partial pressures of CO2 to ensure successful deterrence.
The valid publication of Abroma (Malvaceae)
Authors: Lin Qin‐Wen , Liao Shuai , Ma Jin‐Shuang , Wiersema John H. 
Published: May 2019

“Abroma” Jacq. and “Ambroma” L.f. have been alternatively adopted in different publications for the same genus of Malvaceae. The correct spelling and ascription of this generic name remain in dispute. Fosberg reviewed the nomenclature of this genus and concluded that Jacquin did not validly publish Abroma in 1776 because he failed to provide a separate generic description or diagnosis, and because validation with a combined genus/species description or diagnosis was not possible, as another prior name (Theobroma augustum L.) was included based on the same type as his sole species A. fastuosum. However, Jacquin had, in fact, validly published his new genus by providing both a generic diagnosis and description after his species description. Given the inconsistent opinions about the author and spelling of the genus in different publications and databases, a detailed clarification is presented here to promote nomenclatural stability of the genus. We hope this explanation will eliminate the erroneous adoption of “Ambroma” L.f., as in the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and Flora of China.
Neutropenia management with palbociclib in Japanese patients with advanced breast cancer
Authors: Masuda Norikazu , Mukai Hirofumi , Inoue Kenichi , Rai Yoshiaki , Ohno Shinji , Mori Yuko , Hashigaki Satoshi , Muramatsu Yasuaki , Umeyama Yoshiko , Iwata Hiroji , Toi Masakuzu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor palbociclib, in combination with endocrine therapy (ET), significantly prolonged progression-free survival in women with hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer (HR+/HER2− ABC) in PALOMA-2 and PALOMA-3. Neutropenia and palbociclib dose reductions/interruptions occurred more frequently in the Japanese versus overall populations. We evaluated neutropenia patterns, palbociclib dose management, and clinical responses after dose reduction in Japanese patients in PALOMA-2 and PALOMA-3 and a single-arm Japanese phase 2 study.MethodsPALOMA-2 and the Japanese phase 2 study enrolled postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive, HER2− ABC who had not received prior systemic therapy for advanced disease; PALOMA-3 enrolled women with HR+/HER2− ABC, regardless of menopausal status, whose disease had progressed after prior ET. Palbociclib (125 mg/day) was administered 3 weeks on/1 week off. Dose reduction/interruption, cycle delay, tumor response, and laboratory-assessed neutropenia were analyzed in Japanese patients who received palbociclib.ResultsA total of 101 Japanese patients received palbociclib + ET. Among Japanese patients in the 3 studies, the frequency of all-grade/grade 3/grade 4 neutropenia was 94%/53%/34%, 100%/69%/21%, and 100%/67%/26%, respectively. Twenty (63%), 28 (67%), and 15 (56%) patients required palbociclib dose reduction. Dose interruption or reduction did not affect palbociclib treatment duration, and durable tumor response was observed despite dose reduction.ConclusionNeutropenia was manageable with dose modifications, without affecting palbociclib treatment duration or efficacy.Trial registrationPfizer (NCT01740427, NCT01684215, NCT01942135).
Une vie sur plusieurs continents: Microhistoire globale d’un agent arménien de la Compagnie des Indes orientales, 1666-1688
Authors: Aslanian Sebouh David 
Published: May 2019

RésumésEn 1666, Jean-Baptiste Colbert décidait d’engager Martin di Marcara Avachinz, un marchand arménien originaire de Perse et d’Inde, comme agent de la Compagnie française des Indes orientales nouvellement instituée. Ce dernier réussit à négocier, auprès du souverain du sultanat de Golconde, l’octroi d’un édit qui permettait aux Français d’ouvrir un comptoir dans le port de Masulipatam en 1669. Cependant, peu de temps après, Marcara fut brutalement arrêté, torturé et envoyé en France par ordre de son supérieur, François Caron. Cet article propose une analyse fouillée des factums, les mémoires judiciaires produits durant son procès tenu à Paris à la suite de sa libération en 1675. À travers une « microhistoire globale » de la vie de Marcara, suivie d’un continent à l’autre, il s’agit de mieux comprendre les mécanismes du commerce de longue distance dans l’océan Indien. L’enjeu est d’abord de comparer le réseau de la Compagnie française des Indes orientales et des autres compagnies à charte avec celui des diasporas négociantes « sans État », représentées ici par les marchands arméniens venus de la Nouvelle-Djoulfa, la ville d’où est originaire Marcara, à la périphérie de la capitale safavide Ispahan. L’article examine ensuite le fonctionnement et le rôle des factums dans la France de l’époque moderne. Enfin, il revient sur la façon dont l’histoire « exceptionnellement normale » de la vie de Marcara témoigne des perceptions françaises de l’Orient, notamment de l’hostilité et de la crainte à l’égard de certaines communautés de marchands, banquiers et courtiers arméniens et indiens.
Predictors of Collegiate Student-Athletes’ Concussion-Related Knowledge and Behaviors
Authors: Bernstein John PK , Calamia Matthew , Mullenix Shelly 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:Objective:This study aimed to explore student-athletes’ concussion-related knowledge and attitudes toward reporting symptoms, demographic predictors of knowledge and attitudes, and determine whether responses to the survey changed following an online educational intervention.Methods:A total of 108 Division I student-athletes enrolled at a large southern university completed a survey evaluating knowledge regarding concussion-related terminology, symptoms and recovery trajectories, as well as attitudes toward reporting symptoms following a possible concussion. Student-athletes completed the questionnaire both 24–48 h before and one week after reviewing the educational presentation.Results:At baseline, participants correctly identified 72% of concussion symptoms included in the questionnaire, as well as correctly identified 75% of items related to the typical recovery trajectory post-concussion. A total of 54% of baseline attitudes toward reporting symptoms matched clinical best practices. Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that male sex and non-Caucasian race were associated with worse baseline knowledge of concussion symptoms. Concussion knowledge was not associated with attitudes toward reporting symptoms. Paired samples t-tests indicated that knowledge of concussion-related terminology improved modestly following the educational presentation.Conclusions:Some subsets of collegiate student-athletes show relatively lower knowledge about symptoms of concussion than others. As a result, these groups may benefit from increased educational efforts to ensure they recognize when a concussion may have occurred. Additionally, as knowledge and attitudes were unrelated and the intervention had a modest effect on knowledge but not attitudes, future work should explore interventions that are designed to directly alter attitudes.
What Shall we do with the Drunken Sailor? Product Safety in the Aftermath of 3D Printing
Authors: HEINE Klaus , LI Shu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article contributes to the discussion about proper product safety in the wake of disruptive digital technologies. By picking the example of 3D printing we analyse why incumbent product liability law does not incentivise optimal deterrence of harmful 3D printed products. We identify the new business models associated with 3D printing as the main trigger for the non-applicability of incumbent liability law. The new business models are characterised by making no strong reference to economies of scale. As a result, the informational content of specific producers and their products is scarce and the identification of tortfeasors becomes a challenge for the legal system. While there is yet no easy solution to the problem, we provide at the end of the article an inventory of institutions that may take the lead in finding new proper liability rules and safety regulations.
A NEW SUM–PRODUCT ESTIMATE IN PRIME FIELDS
Authors: CHEN CHANGHAO , KERR BRYCE , MOHAMMADI ALI 
Published: May 2019

We obtain a new sum–product estimate in prime fields for sets of large cardinality. In particular, we show that if$A\subseteq \mathbb{F}_{p}$satisfies$|A|\leq p^{64/117}$then$\max \{|A\pm A|,|AA|\}\gtrsim |A|^{39/32}.$Our argument builds on and improves some recent results of Shakan and Shkredov [‘Breaking the 6/5 threshold for sums and products modulo a prime’, Preprint, 2018,arXiv:1806.07091v1] which use the eigenvalue method to reduce to estimating a fourth moment energy and the additive energy$E^{+}(P)$of some subset$P\subseteq A+A$. Our main novelty comes from reducing the estimation of$E^{+}(P)$to a point–plane incidence bound of Rudnev [‘On the number of incidences between points and planes in three dimensions’,Combinatorica 38(1) (2017), 219–254] rather than a point–line incidence bound used by Shakan and Shkredov.
A Prudent Ambiguity in Saadya Gaon's Book of Doctrines and Beliefs
Authors: Septimus Bernard 
Published: May 2019

Among the outstanding scholarly careers of the Jewish Middle Ages, none seems so dominated by polemic as that of Saadya Gaon (882–942). His intellectual environment was crowded with a bewildering array of rival religious groups and philosophical creeds engaged in vigorous debate. The chaotic variety and aggressiveness of intellectual life in Saadya's Baghdad are frequently illustrated by the account of some remarkable theological debating societies given by a contemporary Muslim visitor:At the first meeting there were present not only people of various [Islamic] sects, but also unbelievers, Magians, materialists, atheists, Jews and Christians, in short, unbelievers of all kinds. Each group had its own leader, whose task it was to defend its views, and every time one of the leaders entered the room, his followers rose to their feet and remained standing until he took his seat. In the meanwhile, the hall had become overcrowded with people. One of the unbelievers rose and said to the assembly: we are meeting here for a discussion. Its conditions are known to all. You, Muslims, are not allowed to argue from your books and prophetic traditions since we deny both. Everybody, therefore, has to limit himself to rational arguments. The whole assembly applauded these words. So you can imagine … that after these words I decided to withdraw. They proposed to me that I should attend another meeting in a different hall, but I found the same calamity there.
On the Efficacy of a Conditional Contract
Authors: Tedeschi G. 
Published: May 2019

In connection with section 27 of the Contracts (General Part) Law of 1973, Prof. D. Friedmann has dealt with the nature of the conditional contract. In his view a conditional contract is complete, valid and effective, and only differs from an absolute binding contract in its contents.One reason for that he finds in the fact that section 27 does not appear in Chapter One of the Law, which treats of the making of a contract, or in Chapter Two, that deals with avoidance of a contract because of a defect in its making, but in Chapter Three, that is concerned with the form and contents of a contract.To make a contract subject to a condition is certainly not a defect in its making. But the location of section 27 does not of itself yield any of Prof. Friedmann's conclusions. Chapter Three covers contracts which are illegal and therefore invalid (section 30, a propos illegal or immoral contracts, or contracts contrary to public policy) or are at all events void (contracts lacking form ad substantiam, falling within section 23) or contracts that are not enforceable by specific performance or actionable in damages (gaming, betting and lottery contracts, under section 32) or are unjusticiable (contracts for giving marks and the like, regulated by section 33).
Legislative Reaction to Judicial Decisions in Public Law
Authors: Klinghoffer Hans 
Published: May 2019

It is known to lawyers in this country, and no news to those who deal with public law or are concerned with the drafting of legislation, that the legislative and the judicial branches of government are engaged in a continuous dialogue. The role of the courts in the dialogue consists of interpreting statutes to be applied by them, while the legislator at times enters into discussion with the Judiciary by reacting to a court decision through legislative action. It is these phenomena in the field of legislation, occurring as reactions to decisions of the courts, which will be briefly considered in the present article.The determination of the legislative power to act in reply to a judgment of a court may be based on a number of different reasons. One possible reason is that the court expressed an unfavorable opinion upon the contents of a statute and the legislator, in response to the criticism of the judges, amends the statute in order to do away with the imperfections revealed by the court.