bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifractal Analysis of Heliospheric Magnetic Field Fluctuations Observed by Ulysses
Authors: Wawrzaszek Anna , Echim Marius , Bruno Roberto 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present the multifractal study of the intermittency of the magnetic field turbulence in the fast and slow solar wind beyond the ecliptic plane during two solar minima (1997–1998, 2007–2008) and solar maximum (1999–2001). More precisely, we consider 126 time intervals of Ulysses magnetic field measurements, obtain the multifractal spectra, and examine the degree of multifractality as the measure of intermittency in the MHD range of scales, for a wide range of heliocentric distances and heliolatitudes. The results show a slow decrease of intermittency with the radial distance, which is more significant for the fast than for the slow solar wind. Analysis of Alfvénic and compressive fluctuations confirms the decrease of intermittency with distance and latitude. This radial dependence of multifractality/intermittency may be explained by a slower evolution of turbulence beyond the ecliptic plane and by the reduced efficiency of intermittency drivers with the distance from the Sun. Additionally, our analysis shows that the greatest differences between magnetic field components are revealed close to the Sun, where intermittency is the strongest. Moreover, we observe that the slow solar wind from the maximum of the solar cycle 23 exhibits in general, a lower level of multifractality (intermittency) than fast solar wind, which can be related to the idea of a new type of Alfvénic slow solar wind.
The K2 Light Curves and Stunted Outbursts of AC Cnc
Authors: Schlegel E. M. , Honeycutt R. K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We describe two observations of the nova-like cataclysmic variable AC Cnc obtained with Kepler during its revamped second mission (K2). Using the K2 1 minute cadence mode, the data were obtained during campaigns 5 and 18. Campaign 5 (C05) lasted from ∼2015 April 27 to ∼2015 July 10, a total of 74.8 days, and yielded ∼106,000 measurements. Campaign 18 (C18) lasted from ∼2018 May 13 to ∼2018 July 2, a total of 50.7 days, yielding ∼72,000 measurements. The C05 light curve reveals two “stunted outbursts” having properties consistent with stunted bursts observed from the ground; a stunted burst was underway during the C18 observation when it ended. During a stunted outburst, the primary eclipse is found to increase in depth, but the residual brightness at the mid-primary eclipse remains nearly constant. By contrast, the secondary eclipse retains the same depth, but the brightness at the mid-secondary eclipse increases during outburst, following the orbital variations of the out-of-eclipse light. The eclipse ephemeris is statistically consistent with historical ephemerides and shows only marginal evidence for a period change. On the basis of the K2 data, we cannot confirm a previously reported non-orbital periodicity in AC Cnc.
Ultrasonographic Evidence of Predominance of Acute Extracapsular and Chronic Intrasynovial Patterns in 100 Cases of Psoriatic Hand Dactylitis
Authors: Girolimetto Nicolò , Macchioni Pierluigi , Tinazzi Ilaria , Costa Luisa , McGonagle Dennis , Peluso Rosario , Del Puente Antonio , Addimanda Olga , Marchetta Antonio , Possemato Niccolò , Tasso Marco , Salvarani Carlo , Scarpa Raffaele , Caso Francesco 
Published: May 2019

Objective.To use ultrasonography to study whether the duration of psoriatic dactylitis was associated with different patterns of extracapsular and synovial-based involvement.Methods.One hundred cases of hand dactylitis from 85 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were consecutively enrolled in a multicenter cross-sectional study and divided into 2 groups according to dactylitis duration (shorter or longer than the median: 20 weeks). All dactylitis fingers were investigated using high-frequency ultrasound both in greyscale (GS) and power Doppler (PD), evaluating the presence of flexor tenosynovitis, soft tissue edema, subcutaneous PD signal (PDS), extensor tendon involvement, and joint synovitis.Results.Cases with a shorter dactylitis duration (< 20 weeks) had a significantly higher prevalence of GS flexor tenosynovitis of grade > 2, PD flexor tenosynovitis, soft tissue edema, and subcutaneous PDS (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.05, and p = 0.001, respectively). However, the presence of synovitis in GS and PD mode (in both cases at proximal interphalangeal level) was more frequent in patients with longer dactylitis duration (p < 0.001). When detected in the chronic form, flexor tenosynovitis was grade 2 or lower.Conclusion.In a large cohort of PsA hand dactylitis, we found a predominant extracapsular inflammation (flexor tenosynovitis and soft tissue edema) in early cases and a high prevalence of joint synovitis at proximal interphalangeal level in the chronic form. However, longitudinal imaging studies are needed to clarify these aspects.
Réhabiliter les oubliés de l’Histoire : le combat littéraire de José Saramago
Authors: Levécot Agnès 
Published: May 2019

Dans plusieurs de ses fictions historiographiques, et en particulier dans Memorial do Convento , José Saramago conteste l’Histoire officielle qui oublie ceux qu’il considère comme les véritables héros de l’histoire : les « petites gens » qui ont vécu, se sont battus, ont souffert et souvent sont morts pour le compte des grands. Il les transforme en sujets de l’histoire et les rappelle à la mémoire collective en dévoilant l’anonymat qui leur est habituellement réservé dans les récits institutionnalisés.
AlternariaB Cell Mimotope Immunotherapy Alleviates Allergic Responses in a Mouse Model
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Lin , Wang Jingru , Yang Yongshi , Wu Yuying , Jiang Qing , Yang Yaqi , Ma Dongxia , Zhang Rui , Huang Nan , Li Wenjing , Liu Guanghui , Zhu Rongfei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlternaria is a major outdoor allergen. Immunotherapy with Alternaria extracts has been documented to be effective in the sensitized patients. However, Alternaria extracts are notoriously difficult to standardize. Our aim is to screen the B cell mimotopes of Alternaria and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of B cell mimotope peptides on a BALB/c mouse model of Alternaria allergy. After a human sera pool from Alternaria monosensitized patients was established, B cell mimotopes were screened by a phage-displayed random heptamer peptide library that was identified via mixed Alternaria-specific IgE in the sera pool. B cell mimotopes with phage as a carrier were used to perform immunotherapy in an Alternaria allergy mouse model. Serological Ab levels, lung histology, and cytokine profiles were compared in the mimotope immunotherapy group, natural extract immunotherapy group, irrelevant phage control group, Alternaria-sensitized model group, and saline-blank group. Two mimotopes (MISTSRK and QKRNTIT) presented high binding ability with the sera of the Alternaria-allergic patients and mice and, therefore, were selected for immunotherapy in the mouse model. Compared with irrelevant phage control, model, and natural extract immunotherapy group, mimotope immunotherapy group significantly reduced serum IgE levels, inflammatory cells infiltration in the lung tissue, and IL-4 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas serum IgG1 and IFN-γ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased. Our results indicate that B cell mimotopes of Alternaria alleviates allergic response in a mouse model and have potential as novel therapeutic agents for IgE-mediated Alternaria-allergic diseases.
Is there any superiority of the different abdominal closure techniques for primary closure in high-risk patients?
Authors: Dinçer Mürşit , Aygen Erhan 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionIncisional hernia continues to be one of the major problems of surgery due to its high incidence rate and high morbidity. The aims of this study are to compare different repair techniques with primary repair techniques for the risk of incisional hernia.Material and methodsHigh-risk patients who had a midline incision of the abdomen were included in this study. Patients were divided into four groups. Each group contained 20 patients. Patients of group 1 were operated on using primary repair. In group 2 Cardiff repair technique was used. The patients in group 3 were repaired with Keel technique. The patients of group 4 were repaired with onlay technique. Patients were followed up with physical examination at 3-month periods in the first year after surgery and 6-month periods in the following two years. Incisional hernia, occurrence time and other complications were noted.ResultsEighty patients who had high risk of incisional hernia were included in this study. 47.5% of them were female and 52.5% of them were male. The average age of patients was 59.2 ±12.95. Average hospitalization time was 8.5 days (4–28 days). Average follow-up was 18 months (6–34 months). In total 4 (5%) patients had recurrence. Fifteen percent of patients in group 1 had recurrence and 5% of patients in group 2 had recurrence. There was no recurrence in other groups. There was no significant difference for incisional hernia and the other complications between groups (p = 0.368).ConclusionsThere was no significant difference between the techniques in terms of the development of incisional hernias or complications.
NGS study of glucocorticoids response genes in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Skrzypczak-Zielinska Marzena , Gabryel Marcin , Marszalek Daria , Dobrowolska Agnieszka , Slomski Ryszard 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionDespite intensive research and a long history of glucocorticoids being applied in various clinical areas, they still generate a challenge for personalized medicine by causing resistance or dependence in nearly 50% of patients treated. The objective of the present study was to determine the genetic predictors of variable reactions in inflammatory bowel disease patients to glucocorticoid therapy. Therefore, based on the current knowledge on how glucocorticoids act, we have compiled a panel of 21 genes for variant analysis: NR3C1, NLRP1, IPO13, FKBP5, HSPA4, ABCB1, STIP1, HSP90AA1, IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-2, IL-4, CXCL8, IL-10, NFKBIA, JUN, MIF, TNF, MAPK14, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5.Material and methodsThese genes were analyzed using the amplicon next-generation sequencing method in a group of 139 diagnosed and clinically characterized inflammatory bowel disease patients with a confirmed glucocorticoid response.ResultsAnalysis of all the targeted DNA sequences for the whole patient group indicated 121 different functional variants. After association analyses of 31 selected variants, the polymorphism c.1088A>G in the NR3C1 gene was linked with glucocorticoid resistance (p = 0.002), variant c.241+6A>G of the FKBP5 gene with glucocorticoid sensitivity (p = 0.040), and deletion c.306-7delT in the MAPK14 gene with an adverse therapeutic effect (dependency and resistance, p = 0.041) in ulcerative colitis patients. In Crohn’s disease, the change c.2685+49T>C of the ABCB1 gene related to glucocorticoid resistance (p = 0.034).ConclusionsAmong the 21 analyzed genes, four (NR3C1, FKBP5, MAPK14, and ABCB1) revealed a significant impact on the glucocorticoid treatment response, which could result in valuable pharmacogenetic biomarkers after being confirmed in other populations and in functional studies.
A content analysis of the high-intensity functional training literature: a look at the past and directions for the future
Authors: Feito Yuri , Brown Chris , Olmos Alex 
Published: May 2019

PurposeAs a form of high-intensity functional training (HIFT), CrossFit training has grown in popularity over the last decade. The aim of this analysis is to provide researchers with a tool to further guide scientific inquiry in this area of research.MethodsEven though systematic reviews and meta-analyses are preferred when analysing and synthesizing large numbers of scientific studies, the current literature on CrossFit training is scarce. Therefore, we used a content analysis approach to (1) review the literature on the topic; (2) synthesize the available research and examine the most popular issues, trends, and methodologies used; and (3) present an overall state of the literature and propose potential directions for future research.ResultsA total of 104 studies related to HIFT and CrossFit training were identified. These were published between 2007 and 2018 in 15 different countries, in 69 journals. The analysis referred to 6 main themes: (1) publication year, (2) country of research, (3) the peer-review journals publishing this type of research, (4) topical areas primarily studied, (5) research design, and (6) characteristics of individuals involved in this training modality.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a content analysis of the available literature on HIFT and CrossFit training. The literature contributed significantly to the development of HIFT concepts, yet additional studies are needed to elucidate how HIFT/CrossFit training may differ from more traditional training programs. Hopefully, our study will facilitate collaboration among scholars interested in HIFT modalities.
Correlation of myomir-206 and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-16 and IL-17) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: ElAtta Amira Abo , Ali Yasser , Bassyouni Iman , Talaat Roba 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent autoimmune disease in which the activity of proinflammatory cytokines and the imbalance, related to the inflammatory process, between elements of bone tissue remodeling such as osteoclasts and osteoblasts play a key role in development of erosions and bone destruction. MicroRNAs are important regulators of skeletal remodeling and are involved in RA pathogenesis. Myomir-206 (miR-206) is unrivalled among the myomirRs, where it is expressed in skeletal muscle and either absent or minimally expressed in other tissuesMaterial and methodsThis study was designed to analyze the miR-206 expression pattern in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and its correlation with IL-16/IL-17 proinflammatory cytokines in two groups – 20 healthy individuals and 30 patients with RA.ResultsElevated expression of miR-206 was observed in RA patients compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001). A significant increase in both IL-17 and IL-16 serum levels was found in the RA group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05; respectively) compared to the control group. miR-206 expression level and IL-17 production were directly positively correlated (r = 0.491; p < 0.01). ROC analysis of miR-206 showed a cutoff value of 2.7 with 70% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and the area under the curve was 0.802 (p < 0.001) with the 95% confidence interval from 0. 676 to 0.927ConclusionsTaken together, our results indicate the importance of miR-206 expression in patients with RA, as a potential new biomarker that affects bone loss/deformity and its collaborative role with proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-16 and IL-17 in RA bone metabolism. Particular interest should be given to further research to determine the contribution of expression of miR-206 in RA pathogenesis
De immuniteit van non-combattanten en irreguliere oorlogvoering
Authors: Ceulemans Carl 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Non-combatant Immunity and Irregular Warfare

The Ethical Problem of Human Shields

One of the basic principles of the Just War Theory is that of non-combatant immunity. Basically, this principle is about protecting the civilian population against the violence of war. Now, despite the fact that this principle is firmly ingrained in our collective moral conscience and in international humanitarian law, the truth is that the civilian population has never been really insulated from the horrors of war. Quite on the contrary. This seems to be especially the case in so-called irregular warfare. In order to avoid military defeat against a stronger opponent, non-state armed movements very often use tactics that entail important risks for the civilian population. These irregular combatants hide and fight, for instance, among the civilian population or they intentionally blur the distinction between combatants and non-combatants. One of those tactics consists in using non-combatants as human shields. It goes without saying that this tactic presents a complex moral challenge for conventional troops. Should these human shields be treated like any other innocent bystanders, or should they be considered as partial combatants? And can the non-combatant immunity principle be of any moral assistance here? It is the objective of this article to shed more light on this issue. The argument will be developed in four stages. First, we will take a closer look at the principle of non-combatant immunity as it is understood within the Just War Theory. In order to see if and to what extent the principle of non-combatant immunity can be of any assistance in confronting human shields, we will conduct a first case-based analysis. Next, we aim to develop a moral continuum of paradigmatic cases of human shields, the purpose of which is to provide an instrument that will help us to formulate more nuanced moral appreciations. Finally, we will briefly look at the practical relevance of the proposed approach.
Beïnvloedt het gebruik van gewapende drones de kans op succes in de strijd tegen het terrorisme?
Authors: Dewyn Michaël 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Does the use of armed drones influence the chance of success in the fight against terrorism?

In this article we analyse whether armed drones influence the chance of success in the fight against terrorism. The reasonable chance of success principle is a just war theory principle, focusing on the likelihood of reaching the war objectives. Without a reasonable chance of winning the war, it is better not to start it. This principle will first be explained. Next, the focus lies on those elements that influence the chance of success in the fight against terrorism when armed drones are used. Success in the fight against terrorism might be a diminishing of the terrorist threat or the elimination of the terrorist organisation. The drone attacks in the fight against terrorism very often result in systematic collateral damage, which is detrimental to the objective, because it forms a breeding ground for terrorist organisations. One of the reasons for this collateral damage is systematic risk transfers, which will be explained in greater detail in the article. In the third part, the focus lies on other potentially positive elements that influence the chance of success, in order to compensate for the collateral damage. Unfortunately, there is no consensus in this research domain about the consequences for the terrorist organisation of killing a terrorist leader. Besides, research reveals that it is more productive to concentrate on political participation and on policing (law enforcement and arrest). The article calls not for a complete ban of armed drones; after all, collateral damage could already be limited if the risk transfers were to be limited. To limit these transfers, men on the ground are needed, in order to intervene when human shields are used. Agents on the ground are needed to collect human intelligence in order to have reliable and complete intelligence and to investigate the intentions, to see who is prepared to negotiate and who to surrender. It would be an illusion to think that there is a reasonable chance of success in this fight with a party that takes zero physical risks.
A 10-year characterization of the Saharan Air Layer lidar ratio in the subtropical North Atlantic
Authors: Berjón Alberto , Barreto Africa , Hernández Yballa , Yela Margarita , Toledano Carlos , Cuevas Emilio 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Particle extinction-to-backscatter
ratio (lidar ratio) is a key parameter for a correct interpretation of
elastic lidar measurements. Of particular importance is the determination of
the lidar ratio of the Saharan Air Layer mineral dust transported into the
free troposphere over the North Atlantic region. The location of the two sun
photometer stations managed by the Izaña Atmospheric Research Centre
(IARC) on the island of Tenerife and a decade of available micropulse lidar
(MPL) data allow us to determine the lidar ratio under almost pure-dust
conditions. This result can be considered representative of the Saharan dust
transported westward over the North Atlantic in the subtropical belt. Three different methods have been used to calculate the lidar ratio in this
work: (1) using the inversion of sky radiance measurements from a sun–sky
photometer installed at the Izaña Observatory (2373 m a.s.l.) under
free-troposphere conditions; (2) the one-layer method, a joint determination using
a micropulse lidar sited at the Santa Cruz de Tenerife sea-level station and
photometric information considering one layer of aerosol characterized by a
single lidar ratio; and (3) the two-layer method, a joint determination using the
micropulse lidar and photometric information considering two layers of
aerosol with two different lidar ratios. The one-layer method only uses data from
a co-located photometer at Santa Cruz de Tenerife, while the two-layer
conceptual approach incorporates photometric information at two heights from
the observatories of Izaña and Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The almost pure-dust
lidar ratio retrieval from the sun–sky photometer and from the two-layer
method give similar results, with lidar ratios at 523 nm of 49 ± 6 and
50 ± 11 sr. These values obtained from a decade of data
records are coincident with other studies in the literature reporting
campaigns in the subtropical North Atlantic region. This result shows that
the two-layer method is an improved conceptual approach compared to the
single-layer approach, which matches the real lower-troposphere
structure well. The two-layer method is able to retrieve reliable lidar ratios and
therefore aerosol extinction profiles despite the inherent limitations of
the elastic lidar technique. We found a lack of correlation between lidar ratio and Ångström
exponent (α), which indicates that the dust lidar ratio can be
considered independent of dust size distribution in this region. This finding
suggests that dust is, under most atmospheric conditions, the predominant
aerosol in the North Atlantic free troposphere, which is in agreement with
previous studies conducted at the Izaña Observatory.
Validity and Persuasiveness of Conditional Arguments
Authors: Nickerson Raymond S. , Butler Susan F. , Barch Daniel H. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Forty college students evaluated 80 conditional arguments with respect to both validity and persuasiveness. The arguments were of four types, two valid (modus ponens and modus tollens) and two invalid (involving affirmation of the consequent and denial of the antecedent). Participants were not good at distinguishing between valid and invalid arguments, although they did so better than at chance. Invalid arguments that were considered to be persuasive were almost 3 times as likely to be judged to be valid as were invalid arguments that were considered not to be persuasive. Whether an argument was judged to be persuasive was influenced by several variables, including the argument’s logical status, its believed logical status, whether the conclusion was believed by the evaluator to be a true statement of fact, whether the minor premise alone could be considered to be an adequate basis for judging the conclusion to be true, whether the argument’s conclusion or any of its premises was (or could be considered to be) false, and how the antecedent and consequent of the major premise were related. Various models of reasoning that predict some of the results are discussed, but there is no extant model that fully explains the relationship between the perceived validity and the perceived persuasiveness of conditional arguments.