bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Site Gate Dynamics Modulate the Catalytic Activity of the Ubiquitination Enzyme E2-25K
Authors: Rout Manoj K. , Lee Brian L. , Lin Aiyang , Xiao Wei , Spyracopoulos Leo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) signals for degradation of proteins through attachment of K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, or alterations in protein-protein recognition through attachment of K63-linked chains. Target proteins are ubiquitinated in three sequential chemical steps by a three-component enzyme system. Ubiquitination, or E2 enzymes, catalyze the central step by facilitating reaction of a target protein lysine with the C-terminus of Ub that is attached to the active site cysteine of the E2 through a thioester bond. E2 reactivity is modulated by dynamics of an active site gate, whose central residue packs against the active site cysteine in a closed conformation. Interestingly, for the E2 Ubc13, which specifically catalyzes K63-linked ubiquitination, the central gate residue adopts an open conformation. We set out to determine if active site gate dynamics play a role in catalysis for E2-25K, which adopts the canonical, closed gate conformation, and which selectively synthesizes K48-linked ubiquitin chains. Gate dynamics were characterized using mutagenesis of key residues, combined with enzyme kinetics measurements, and main chain NMR relaxation. The experimental data were interpreted with all atom MD simulations. The data indicate that active site gate opening and closing rates for E2-25K are precisely balanced.
Intervention Techniques Used With Autism Spectrum Disorder by Speech-Language Pathologists in the United States and Taiwan: A Descriptive Analysis of Practice in Clinical Settings
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Yeh , Lynch Georgina , Madison Charles 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This study examined intervention techniques used with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the United States and Taiwan working in clinic/hospital settings. The research questions addressed intervention techniques used with children with ASD, intervention techniques used with different age groups (under and above 8 years old), and training received before using the intervention techniques.

Method
The survey was distributed through the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association to selected SLPs across the United States. In Taiwan, the survey (Chinese version) was distributed through the Taiwan Speech-Language Pathologist Union, 2018, to certified SLPs.

Results
Results revealed that SLPs in the United States and Taiwan used 4 common intervention techniques: Social Skill Training, Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Picture Exchange Communication System, and Social Stories. Taiwanese SLPs reported SLP preparation program training across these common intervention strategies. In the United States, SLPs reported training via SLP preparation programs, peer therapists, and self-taught.

Conclusions
Most SLPs reported using established or emerging evidence-based practices as defined by the National Professional Development Center (2014) and the National Standards Report (2015). Future research should address comparison of SLP preparation programs to examine the impact of preprofessional training on use of evidence-based practices to treat ASD.
Suprasegmental Features Are Not Acquired Early: Perception and Production of Monosyllabic Cantonese Lexical Tones in 4- to 6-Year-Old Preschool Children
Authors: Wong Puisan , Tsz-Tin Leung Carrie 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Previous studies reported that children acquire Cantonese tones before 3 years of age, supporting the assumption in models of phonological development that suprasegmental features are acquired rapidly and early in children. Yet, recent research found a large disparity in the age of Cantonese tone acquisition. This study investigated Cantonese tone development in 4- to 6-year-old children.

Method
Forty-eight 4- to 6-year-old Cantonese-speaking children and 28 mothers of the children labeled 30 pictures representing familiar words in the 6 tones in a picture-naming task and identified pictures representing words in different Cantonese tones in a picture-pointing task. To control for lexical biases in tone assessment, tone productions were low-pass filtered to eliminate lexical information. Five judges categorized the tones in filtered stimuli. Tone production accuracy, tone perception accuracy, and correlation between tone production and perception accuracy were examined.

Results
Children did not start to produce adultlike tones until 5 and 6 years of age. Four-year-olds produced none of the tones with adultlike accuracy. Five- and 6-year-olds attained adultlike productions in 2 (T5 and T6) to 3 (T4, T5, and T6) tones, respectively. Children made better progress in tone perception and achieved higher accuracy in perception than in production. However, children in all age groups perceived none of the tones as accurately as adults, except that T1 was perceived with adultlike accuracy by 6-year-olds. Only weak association was found between children's tone perception and production accuracy.

Conclusions
Contradicting to the long-held assumption that children acquire lexical tone rapidly and early before the mastery of segmentals, this study found that 4- to 6-year-old children have not mastered the perception or production of the full set of Cantonese tones in familiar monosyllabic words. Larger development was found in children's tone perception than tone production. The higher tone perception accuracy but weak correlation between tone perception and production abilities in children suggested that tone perception accuracy is not sufficient for children's tone production accuracy. The findings have clinical and theoretical implications.
1 kW/60,000 min−1 bearingless PM motor with combined winding for torque and rotor suspension
Authors: Dietz Daniel , Messager Gael , Binder Andreas 
Published: April 2018

A comprehensive description of a bearingless permanent magnet synchronous machine is presented including simulation, design, control and measurement focusing on a 1 kW/60,000 min−1 machine. A combined six‐phase winding is used for the excitation of the two‐pole motor field wave and the four‐pole levitation field wave by applying two parallel three‐phase current systems. The decomposition into the individually controllable current systems for motor torque and lateral rotor position control and the calculation of the relevant control parameters is explained. Measurements give an insight on the controlled motor performance. Thus, it is shown that the combination of torque and lateral force production with a single six‐phase winding, fed by two three‐phase inverters, not only leads to advantages in winding manufacturing but can be operated with a conventional field‐oriented control also at high speed.
Memory‐efficient architecture of circle Hough transform and its FPGA implementation for iris localisation
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Asati Abhijit , Gupta Anu 
Published: April 2018

This study presents a circle Hough transform (CHT) architecture that provides memory reduction between 74 and 93% without and with little degradation in the accuracy, respectively. For an image of P × Q pixels, the standard (direct) CHT requires a two‐dimensional (2D) accumulator array of P × Q cells, but the proposed CHT uses a 2D accumulator array of (P/m) × (Q/n) cells for coarse circle detection and two 1D accumulator arrays of P × 1 and Q × 1 cells for fine detection, therein reducing the memory by a factor of m × n (approximately). The proposed CHT architecture was applied to iris localisation application and carried out its comprehensive evaluation. The average accuracy of the proposed CHT for iris localisation (inner plus outer iris‐circle detection) is 98% with memory reduction of 87% compared with the direct CHT. The proposed CHT architecture was implemented on field programmable logic array targeting Xilinx Zynq device. The proposed CHT hardware takes processing time of 6.25 ms (average) for iris localisation in an image of 320 × 240 px2. The proposed work is compared with the previous work, which shows improved results. Finally, the effect of additive Gaussian noise on the CHT performance is investigated.
High step‐up dc/dc converter using switch‐capacitor techniques and lower losses for renewable energy applications
Authors: Maalandish Mohammad , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Jalilzadeh Tohid 
Published: April 2018

In this study, a non‐isolated high step‐up direct current (dc)/dc converter with a diode–capacitor is presented. To obtain high‐voltage gain, the voltage multiplier units (diode–capacitor) can be extended to n stages which are used between the phases in up section and down section of the proposed converter. By increasing the number of voltage multiplier units, the nominal value of the components decreases. Therefore, the maximum voltage value of diodes and power switches compared with the output voltage is decreased and finally, the normalised voltage of these devices will decrease, significantly. In addition, the power level of the proposed converter can be increased for different values of duty cycles and voltage multiplier units and also leads to high efficiency. To illustrate the advantages of the proposed converter, comparison results with other topologies are provided. The principle of operation at n = 1, 2 stages, both theoretical analysis and experimental results of two prototypes in 100 and 250 W with operating at 40 kHz are provided.
Fine wave dynamics in umbral flash sources
Authors: Sych R. , Wang M. 
Published: April 2018

Context. Umbral flashes (UFs) are most common phenomenon of wave processes in sunspots. Studying the relationship between wave time dynamics and the origin of UFs requires further investigation of their fine spatial and height structure.
Aims. We investigated the association between a short time increase in the variations of 3-min extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission at footpoints of coronal magnetic loops and the UF emergence in sunspot umbra. The spatial structure of magnetic field lines and their inclination determine the cut-off frequency and visibility of sunspot waves.
Methods. We applied the pixelized wavelet filtering (PWF) technique to analyse a cube of the images obtained by SDO/AIA at 1600 Å, 304 Å, and 171 Å to study the spatio-temporal oscillation power distribution in individual magnetic loops. Time–distance plots were used to obtain the wave front propagation velocity.
Results. For the first time, we obtained the 2D images of the fine wave processes in magnetic structures of different spatial scales related to the UFs in sunspot. We revealed two types of the UFs as background and local. The background UFs associated with random increasing of separate parts of wave fronts. These UFs are seen as weak and diffuse details that ride the wave fronts without stable shapes and localization in space. The local UFs sources mainly localize near to the footpoint of magnetic loops, anchored in an umbra, along which the propagation of 3-min waves was observed. The time dynamics of flash evolution shows an increase in 3-min oscillations before the UFs peak value within one low-frequency wave train. It is shown that the maxima of 3-min oscillation trains coincide with the peak intensity of UFs. During the UFs evolution, a fine wave spatial and temporal dynamics in UFs local sources was observed.
Conclusions. The sunspot 3-min wave dynamics showed a relation between the localization of oscillations power peak at the coronal magnetic loop footpoints and the UFs origin. The spatial structure of the UFs sources, their power, and lifetime are determined by the cut-off frequency of the waves for the detected waveguides. We concluded that UFs are a global process of short-time increase of the wave activity.
Recurrent Miscarriage: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/050)
Authors: Toth Bettina , Würfel Wolfgang , Bohlmann Michael , Zschocke Johannes , Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Nawroth Frank , Schleußner Ekkehard , Rogenhofer Nina , Wischmann Tewes , von Wolff Michael , Hancke Katharina , von Otte Sören , Kuon Ruben , Feil Katharina , Tempfer Clemens 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Purpose Official guideline of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG), the Austrian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (ÖGGG) and the Swiss Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (SGGG). The aim of this guideline was to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of couples with recurrent miscarriage (RM). Recommendations were based on the current literature and the views of the involved committee members.
Methods Based on the current literature, the committee members developed the statements and recommendations of this guideline in a formalized process which included DELPHI rounds and a formal consensus meeting.
Recommendations Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with RM were compiled based on the international literature. Specific established risk factors such as chromosomal, anatomical, endocrine, hemostatic, psychological, infectious and immunological disorders were taken into consideration.
Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors from Derris scandens
Authors: Chaichamnong Nattiya , Temkitthawon Prapapan , Khorana Nantaka , Pitpakdeeanan Prompan , Taepavarapruk Pornnarin , Nuengchamnong Nitra , Siriwattanasathien Yuthana , Suksamrarn Apichart , Ingkaninan Kornkanok 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors have been used as a first-line medicine for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. In the search for new phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors from natural sources, we found that the 95% ethanol extract of Derris scandens stem showed phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of about 7 µg/mL. Seven isoflavones and a coumarin constituent isolated from this plant were investigated for phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitory activity. The results showed that osajin (8), 4′,5,7-trihydroxybiprenylisoflavone (4), and derrisisoflavone A (2) had the ability to inhibit phosphodiesterase 5 with IC50 values of 4, 8, and 9 µM, respectively. These compounds exhibited selectivity on phosphodiesterase 5 over phosphodiesterase 1, however, the selectivity on phosphodiesterase 5 over phosphodiesterase 6 was low. In order to quantitatively determine these bioactive constituents in D. scandens extract, LC-QTOF-MS method has been developed and validated. The limit of quantitation values in the range of 0.1 – 5 µg/mL were obtained. The assay showed satisfactory precision and accuracy. The results from our method showed that the 95% ethanol extract of D. scandens stem was comprised of all eight compounds, with derrisisoflavone A (2) and lupalbigenin (3) presenting as the major constituents.
Patients Screening Positive for Body Dysmorphic Disorder Show No Significant Health-Related Quality of Life Gain after Functional Septorhinoplasty at a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Wallner Frank , Oladokun Dare , Plinkert Peter , Baumann Ingo , Hohenberger Ralph , Bulut Olcay 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder defined by an excessive concern about one's physical appearance, especially regarding slight or imagined abnormities of the body. This study was conducted to compare postoperative quality of life (QOL) changes after primary septorhinoplasty among patients screening positive and those screening negative for BDD. Two common instruments for the screening of BDD were used namely the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ) and the BDD Concern Questionnaire (BDDQ). For the determination of QOL changes, three validated screening instruments were used. The Functional Rhinoplasty Outcome Inventory (FROI-17) and the Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) were used as disease-specific instruments and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) was used as a general instrument. All patients completed the FROI-17, the ROE, and the SF-36 preoperatively and 60 months postoperatively. The BDD questionnaires were singularly obtained 60 months after surgery. The authors identified 9.8% of our patients with a possible BDD diagnosis. The patients screening positive for BDD showed significantly lower ROE scores postoperatively, compared with those screening negative for BDD. QOL gains detected by the disease-specific instruments (ROE and FROI-17) were only significant in the non-BDD group. No significant QOL gains were detectable with the FROI-17, the ROE, and the SF-36 in the BDD group. In patients screening negative for BDD, QOL, as measured with the SF-36, improved significantly in five categories: physical functioning, role-functioning physical, bodily pain, general health, and social functioning. Patients screening positive for BDD did not improve in any categories of the general SF-36 questionnaire. Instead, their score in the “mental health” category was significantly lower 5 years after their surgery compared with preoperatively. Patients retrospectively screening positive for BDD in our cohort did not improve in QOL postoperatively. Alternative nonsurgical treatments such as cognitive behavioral treatment and/or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been reported to be effective and should be considered as the treatment of choice. Some studies suggest that a smaller subgroup of BDD patients may benefit from functional rhinoplasty. Further research and larger long-term prospective outcome studies are needed to understand the influence of BDD symptoms on postoperative satisfaction and QOL changes after septorhinoplasty.
Neonatal Morbidities among Moderately Preterm Infants with and without Exposure to Antenatal Corticosteroids
Authors: Natarajan Girija , Chowdhury Dhuly , Das Abhik , Walsh Michele , Bell Edward , Laptook Abbot , Van Meurs Krisa , D'Angio Carl , Stoll Barbara , DeMauro Sara , Shankaran Seetha , Chawla Sanjay 
Published: April 2018

Objective We aimed to compare the rates of “surfactant treated respiratory disease” and other neonatal morbidities among moderately preterm (MPT) infants exposed to no, partial, or a complete course of antenatal corticosteroids (ANS).
Study Design This observational cohort study evaluated MPT infants (290/7–336/7 weeks' gestational age), born between January 2012 and November 2013 and enrolled in the “MPT Registry” of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.
Results Data were available for 5,886 infants, including 676 with no exposure, 1225 with partial, and 3,985 with a complete course of ANS. Among no, partial, and complete ANS groups, respectively, there were significant differences in rates of delivery room resuscitation (4.1, 1.4, and 1.2%), surfactant-treated respiratory disease (26.5, 26.3, and 20%), and severe intracranial hemorrhage (3, 2, and 0.8%). Complete ANS course was associated with lower surfactant-treated respiratory disease, compared with partial ANS (odds ratio [OR] 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52–0.74), and no ANS groups (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.41–0.66) on adjusted analysis.
Conclusion In MPT infants, ANS exposure is associated with lower delivery room resuscitation, surfactant-treated respiratory disease, and severe intracranial hemorrhage; with the lowest frequency of morbidities associated with a complete course.
Effectiveness of Metformin in the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Obese Pregnant Women
Authors: Sales Willian Barbosa , Nascimento Iramar Baptistella do , Dienstmann Guilherme , Souza Matheus Leite Ramos de , Silva Grazielle Dutra da , Silva Jean Carl 
Published: April 2018

Objective To assess the effectiveness of metformin in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in obese pregnant women attending a public maternity hospital in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Methods Randomized clinical trial including obese pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, divided into two groups (control and metformin). Both groups received guidance regarding diet and physical exercise. The participants were assessed at two moments, the first at enrollment (gestational age ≤ 20) and the second at gestational weeks 24–28. The outcomes assessed were BMI and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis. The data distribution was assessed with the Friedman test. For all the analytical models, the p-values were considered significant when lower than 0.05. The absolute risk reduction was also estimated.
Results Overall, 164 pregnant women were assessed and further divided into 82 participants per group. No significant difference was observed in BMI variation between the control and metformin groups (0.9 ± 1.2 versus 1.0 ± 0.9, respectively, p = 0.63). Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 15.9% (n = 13) of the patients allocated to the metformin group and 19.5% (n = 16) of those in the control group (p = 0.683). The absolute risk reduction was 3.6 (95% confidence interval 8.0–15.32) in the group treated with metformin, which was not significant.
Conclusion Metformin was not effective in reducing BMI and preventing GDM in obese pregnant women.
Update DVO-Osteoporoseregister–Stellenwert der Erfassung von Kraft und Balance für das Sturz- und Frakturrisiko älterer Frauen
Authors: Pfaff R. , Warda M. , Defèr A. 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einführung: Stürze sind die häufigste Frakturursache. Eine effiziente Diagnostik von sturzund frakturgefährdeten Patienten unter Praxisbedingungen ist von hoher Bedeutung.
Methoden: Es wurden die im DVO-Osteo poroseregister dokumentierten Daten von 10 804 Frauen bezüglich der Ergebnisse von Chair-Rising-Test, “Up and go”-Test und Tandemstand ausgewertet. Für 633 Frauen lag auch das Ergebnis einer Handkraftmessung vor. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte zum einen über die Anwendung des Chi-Quadrat-Tests mit Hilfe von Kreuztabellen, zum anderen durch die Bestimmung der Odds Ratio.
Ergebnisse: Bei einem auffälligen Testergebnis ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass prävalente und/oder inzidente Frakturen vorhanden sind, bei Frauen signifikant erhöht. So beträgt die Odds Ratio beim Chair-RisingTest 1,975, beim Tandemstand 2,3938 und beim “Up an go”-Test 2,0382. Bei Frauen, bei denen eine auffällige Handkraftmessung beobachtet wurde, zeigt sich, dass weder beim Chair-Rising-Test (p = 0,8706) noch beim 𠇜Up and go”-Test (p = 0,0526) eine Abhängigkeit zwischen einem auffälligen Test ergebnis und vorhandenen Frakturen besteht. Der Tandemstand jedoch signalisiert bezüglich eines Zusammenhangs zwischen einem auffälligen Testergebnis und vorhandenen Frakturen eine hochsignifikante Abhängigkeit (p < 0,001). Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass eine Fraktur bei einem auffälligen Testergebnis des Tandemstands vorhanden ist, ist um den Faktor 6,2585 erhöht.
Diskussion: Die Testung des Tandemstands in Verbindung mit einer Handkraftmessung hat einen hohen Aussagewert für die Ermittlung des Sturz- und Frakturrisikos bei älteren Frauen. Frauen mit einem negativen Ergebnis bei der Testung des Chair-Risin- goder des “Up and go”-Manövers hatten ebenfalls signifikant mehr Frakturen als Frauen mit normalem Testergebnis.