bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental method to determine the intralaminar fracture toughness of high-strength carbon-fibre reinforced composite aerostructures
Authors: Liu H. , Falzon B.G. , Catalanotti G. , Tan W. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTCarbon fibres with high tensile strength are being increasingly utilised in the manufacture of advanced composite aerostructures. A Modified Compact Tension (MCT) specimen is often deployed to measure the longitudinal intralaminar fracture toughness but a high tensile strength often leads to premature damage away from the crack tip. We present an approach whereby the MCT specimen is supported by external fixtures to prevent premature damage. In addition, we have developed a novel measurement technique, based on the fibre failure strain and C-scanning, to determine the crack length in the presence of surface sublaminate delamination which masks the crack tip location. A set of cross-ply specimens, with a ((90/0)s)4layup, were manufactured from an IMS60/epoxy composite system Two different data reduction schemes, compliance calibration and the area method, are used to determine the fibre-dominated initiation and propagation intralaminar fracture toughness values. Propagation values of fracture toughness were measured at 774.9 ± 5.2% kJ/m2and 768.5 ± 4.1% kJ/m2, when using the compliance calibration method and the area method, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is carried out on the fracture surface to obtain insight into the damage mechanism of high-tensile-strength fibre-reinforced unidirectional composites. The measured tensile fracture toughness value is used in a fully validated computational model to simulate the physical test.
Public Opinion and Modernity in Venezuela's Anti-Corruption Trials, 1945–8
Authors: Yarrington Doug 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article explores the reasons why the most important anti-corruption campaign in twentieth-century Venezuela failed to win sustained support. Employing a constructivist approach to historical actors’ understandings of corruption, it analyses the debates that erupted when the Acción Democrática (Democratic Action, AD) party prosecuted 167 former officials for illicit enrichment. The ensuing debate demonstrates that AD and its opponents disagreed over the proper boundaries between the public and private spheres in a modern state. AD sought to punish officials who used public office for private gain, but critiques of the trials effectively countered AD and contributed to its overthrow in 1948.
Association between intelligence quotient and violence perpetration in the English general population
Authors: Jacob Louis , Haro Josep Maria , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundData on the relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and violence perpetration are scarce and nationally representative data from the UK adult population is lacking. Therefore, our goal was to examine the relationship between IQ and violence perpetration using nationally representative community-based data from the UK.MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. IQ was estimated using the National Adult Reading Test (NART). Violence perpetration referred to being in a physical fight or having deliberately hit anyone in the past 5 years. We conducted logistic regression analysis to assess the association between IQ (exposure variable) and violence perpetration (outcome variable).ResultsThere were 6872 participants aged ⩾16 years included in this study. The prevalence of violence perpetration decreased linearly with increasing IQ [16.3% (IQ 70–79) v. 2.9% (IQ 120–129)]. After adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors, childhood adversity, and psychiatric morbidity, compared with those with IQ 120–129, IQ scores of 110–119, 100–109, 90–99, 80–89, and 70–79 were associated with 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63–1.84], 1.90 (95% CI 1.12–3.22), 1.80 (95% CI 1.05–3.13), 2.36 (95% CI 1.32–4.22), and 2.25 (95% CI 1.26–4.01) times higher odds for violence perpetration, respectively.ConclusionsLower IQ was associated with violence perpetration in the UK general population. Further studies are warranted to assess how low IQ can lead to violence perpetration, and whether interventions are possible for this high-risk group.
Performance improvement of bilateral control systems using derivative of force
Authors: Baran Eray A. , Uzunovic Tarik , Sabanovic Asif 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a bilateral control structure with a realization of the force derivative in the control loop. Due to the inherent noisy nature of the force signal, most teleoperation schemes can make use of only a proportional (P) control structure in the force channel of the bilateral controllers. In the proposed scheme, an α–β–γ filter is designed to smoothly differentiate the force signal obtained from a reaction force observer integrated to both of the master and slave plants. The differentiated force signal is then used in a proportional-derivative (PD) force controller working together with a disturbance observer. In order to design the overall bilateral controller, an environment model based on pure spring structure is assumed. The controller is designed to enforce an exponentially decaying tracking error for both position and force signals. With the presented controller design approach, one can independently tune the controller gains of the force and the position control channels. The proposed approach is experimentally tested in a platform consisted of direct drive linear motors. As illustrated by the experiment results, the contribution of the PD control in the force channel improves the teleoperation performance especially under hard-contact motion scenarios by attenuating the oscillations, hence, improving the transparency when compared to the structures using only a P force control.
Enoch Senior’s College for Korean Immigrant Seniors: Quality of Life Effects
Authors: Jo H. Elisha , Jo Jungsun S. , Veblen Kari K. , Potter Patrick J. 
Published: July 2018

RÉSUMÉCette recherche à méthode mixte a évalué l’impact d’un programme pour la communauté culturelle d’aînés immigrants coréens en examinant les bénéfices pour la qualité de vie des participants liée à leur santé (HR-QOL) et leur bien-être en général. Bien que la programmation communautaire soit de plus en plus reconnue comme un moyen de promouvoir la santé et la participation active des individus dans la sphère sociale, peu d’informations sont disponibles concernant l’utilisation et l’impact de tels programmes chez les immigrants aînés des minorités visibles. Dans cette étude, 79 participants ont répondu au questionnaire SF-36v2 à deux reprises dans le cadre de l’évaluation de l’impact du programme du Canada Enoch Senior’s College (CESC) concernant le HR-QOL et leur bien-être. Des améliorations statistiquement significatives ont été observées sur les plans de la santé physique et mentale, notamment dans les dimensions liées à la douleur corporelle, au rôle émotionnel et aux limitations de rôle en raison de problèmes émotionnels. Les données qualitatives provenant des entretiens avec les participants ont confirmé les résultats positifs du sondage, par des améliorations aux niveaux de la vie sociale et de la santé des aînés. Ces résultats suggèrent que le programme CESC contribue à qualité de vie et au bien-être des aînés coréens participants. Cette étude permettra de soutenir des programmes communautaires culturels similaires.
Do aliens dream of offworld sheep?
Authors: Wallace Rodrick 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Stanley Miller experiment suggests that amino acid-based life is ubiquitous in our universe, although its varieties will not have followed the particular, highly contingent and path-dependent, evolutionary trajectory found on Earth. Are many alien organisms likely to be individually conscious in ways we would recognize? Almost certainly. Will alien consciousness require a ‘sleep cycle’? A strong argument suggests it will. Can some species develop analogs to culture and high-order technology? Less likely, but still fairly probable. If so, will we be able to communicate with them? Only on a basic level, and only with profound difficulty. The reasoning is fairly direct and involves convolution of a learned heritage system with individual and collective consciousness.
STRICT FINITISM, FEASIBILITY, AND THE SORITES
Authors: DEAN WALTER 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article bears on four topics: observational predicates and phenomenal properties, vagueness, strict finitism as a philosophy of mathematics, and the analysis of feasible computability. It is argued that reactions to strict finitism point towards a semantics for vague predicates in the form of nonstandard models of weak arithmetical theories of the sort originally introduced to characterize the notion of feasibility as understood in computational complexity theory. The approach described eschews the use of nonclassical logic and related devices like degrees of truth or supervaluation. Like epistemic approaches to vagueness, it may thus be smoothly integrated with the use of classical model theory as widely employed in natural language semantics. But unlike epistemicism, the described approach fails to imply either the existence of sharp boundaries or the failure of tolerance for soritical predicates. Applications ofmeasurement theory(in the sense of Krantz, Luce, Suppes, & Tversky (1971)) to vagueness in the nonstandard setting are also explored.
Metric Goodness of the Adult Prosocialness Scale. Comparative Study of Italy and Spain
Authors: Martínez-Pampliega Ana , Cormenzana Susana , Sanz Mireia , Barni Daniela , Simon Jordi , Alomar Elisabeth , Pérez Carles 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe main goal of the study is to analyze the metric goodness of the Spanish version of the Adult Prosocialness Scale (Caprara, Steca, Zelli, & Capanna, 2005). Analysis of construct and concurrent validity in two similar samples of young adults, a Spanish sample (target of the adaptation) and an Italian sample (source language), revealed the adequacy of the Spanish version of instrument, with adequate fit of the model in the Spanish group, χ2(96) = 405.28, p = .001, RMSEA = .071, CFI = .94, GFI = .93, and the Italian group χ2(97) = 224.5, p = .001, RMSEA = .075, CFI = .91, GFI = .90. The results also replicated the adequacy of the instrument found in the Italian sample, as the configural and metric invariance was verified in both groups. Analyses of benevolent and power values related to prosociality and differences between genders supported the validity of the scale. In short, the present study confirms the adequacy and sensitivity of the instrument to study prosociality in young adults in a Spanish sample.
Impact of Prenatal Depressive Symptoms on Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: Mediation Effect of Perinatal Health
Authors: Silva Fábio , Conde Ana , Costa Raquel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo analyze the mediation effect of perinatal health on the association between prenatal depressive symptoms and postpartum depressive symptoms 180 women filled the Edinburgh Postnatal Depressive Scale (EPDS) at 35 weeks of gestation and two months after childbirth. Perinatal health data was collected during the first 4 days after childbirth, using the Optimality Index. 25.6% of the mothers-to-be presented clinically significant depressive symptoms, and of these, 80.4% still show clinically significant depressive symptoms at 2-months postpartum. Prenatal depressive symptoms predict higher postpartum depressive symptoms. Additionally, results also showed that the effect of prenatal depressive symptoms on postnatal depressive symptoms is not mediated by perinatal health. Mothers-to-be with prenatal depressive symptoms seem to be at risk for postnatal depression, even when perinatal health is not compromised. This highlights the importance of early screening of prenatal depressive symptoms in order to promote an early intervention on women’s mental health, leading to a better transition to parenthood and to a decrease of the burden of this public health problem on children and families.
Psychometric Properties of the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) in a Spanish Clinical Sample
Authors: Moggia Danilo , Niño-Robles Noelia , Miller Scott D. , Feixas Guillem 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) is an ultra-brief measure of well-being designed to track outcome in psychotherapy. This research studied the psychometric properties of the ORS in a Spanish clinical sample. One-hundred and sixty-five adult participants from different primary care centers of the city of Barcelona were recruited. The psychometric properties of the ORS in the sample were explored and described, comparing them to the properties of other instruments already validated in Spain. Our results showed good reliability (α= .91 [.88, .93];α= .96; test re-test correlations from .61 to .84), good validity (convergent validity correlations with distress and symptoms measures from –.32 to –.76), and good sensitivity to change (pre-post comparison through Wilcoxon signed-rank test,Mdnpre= 31.0,Mdnpost= 19.6,z= –7.38,p< .05,r= .42). These results are consistent with previous findings in other countries. We conclude suggesting that the instrument can be applied to monitor outcome in psychotherapy and to test the effectiveness of treatments imparted with Spanish speaking clients. However, further research with the ORS in Spanish could provide more evidence of its psychometric properties.
Greedy Automatic Signal Decomposition and Its Application to Daily GPS Time Series
Authors: Bedford Jonathan , Bevis Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe recognition of transient motion in terrestrial continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) time series implies the knowledge of certain time functions that we assume to be ever present in the time series. By assuming that the permanent time functions are the long‐term secular velocity of the Earth and the seasonal oscillations, we define the total remaining signal as transient motion. Here we adopt the multitransient as a versatile function for modeling transient motion over a range of time scales. We define the multitransient as the sum of two or more transient decaying functions with different characteristic time scales and identical onset times. We then demonstrate the greedy approach to fitting the time series by using a minimum number of multitransients (sparse functions) in addition to the permanent time functions in a linear regression. The Greedy Automatic Signal Decomposition algorithm decomposes the signal into three parts: (1) background seasonal motion, (2) secular and transient motion, and (3) a residual (noise). We describe the greedy algorithm with synthetic examples before demonstrating its application to time series of daily GPS solutions. The implementation of the multitransient allows for a more realistic plate‐trajectory model, whereby a full range of transient signal time scales, from short‐duration slow slip to longer‐duration processes such as postseismic slab accelerations or postseismic decay, can all be estimated with the same function. Since Greedy Automatic Signal Decomposition algorithm automatically estimates trend, its application to a GPS network allows for the common mode filter to be applied seamlessly.
Craton Destruction 2: Evolution of Cratonic Lithosphere After a Rapid Keel Delamination Event
Authors: Liu Liang , Morgan Jason P. , Xu Yigang , Menzies Martin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCratonic lithosphere beneath the eastern North China Craton has undergone extensive destruction since early Jurassic times (approximately 190 Ma). This is recorded in its episodic tectonic and magmatic history. In this time, its lithosphere changed thickness from approximately 200 km to <60 km. This change was associated with a peak time (approximately 120 Ma) of lithospheric thinning and magmatism that was linked with high surface heat flow recorded in rift basins. We believe that these records are best explained by a two‐stage evolutionary process. First, approximately 100 km of cratonic “keel” underlying a weak midlithospheric discontinuity layer (approximately 80–100 km) was rapidly removed in <10–20 Ma. This keel delamination stage was followed by a protracted (approximately 50–100 Ma) period of convective erosion and/or lithospheric extension that thinned the remaining lithosphere and continuously reworked the former cratonic lithospheric mantle. This study focuses on numerical exploration of the well‐recorded second stage of the eastern North China Craton's lithospheric evolution. We find that (1) lithospheric mantle capped by thick crust can be locally replaced by deeper mantle material in 100 Ma due to small‐scale convective erosion; (2) asthenospheric upwelling and related extension can replace lithospheric mantle over horizontal length scales of ~50–150 km, and account for observed “mushroom‐shaped” low‐velocity structures; (3) modeling shows conditions that could lead to the multiple eastern North China Craton magmatic pulses between 190 and 115 Ma that are associated with temporal and spatial changes in magma source petrology and a magmatic hiatus; and (4) a “wet” midlithospheric discontinuity layer provides a potential source material for on‐craton magmatism.
Water Column Stability and the Role of Velocity Shear on a Seasonally Stratified Shelf, Mississippi Bight, Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Dzwonkowski Brian , Fournier Severine , Park Kyeong , Dykstra Steven L. , Reager John T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWater column stability is a critical component of coastal systems, regulating the vertical exchange of momentum, mass, and biogeochemical constituents. Observations of water column velocity and hydrographic conditions during the summer of 2010 were used to investigate aspects of the region of freshwater influence in the Mississippi Bight. Conductivity‐temperature‐depth surveys south of Mobile Bay indicated strong stratification (peak buoyancy frequencies ~0.09–0.3 s−1) across the inner and midshelf. Despite this strong stratification, mooring data from the 20‐m isobath indicated that the bulk Richardson numbers (Ri) can span 3 orders of magnitude, O(1–100). Examination of the high‐frequency (hourly) shear and buoyancy frequency time series revealed downwelling conditions, and near‐inertial oscillations were primarily responsible for generating instances of relatively low stability (bulk Ri < 1). Periods of intense near‐inertial oscillations also intermittently drove synthetic gradient Ri to critical or near‐critical levels within the pycnocline. While the near‐inertial oscillations were dominated by a clockwise rotating two‐layer structure, there was also a secondary three‐layer structure, both of which interacted with the low‐frequency upwelling to produce highly variable vertical structuring of the horizontal velocity. The resulting velocity shear on water column stability may have important implications for shelf hypoxia during the stratified season in the Mississippi Bight.
Titan's Variable Ionosphere During the T118 and T119 Cassini Flybys
Authors: Edberg N. J. T. , Vigren E. , Snowden D. , Regoli L. H. , Shebanits O. , Wahlund J.‐E. , Andrews D. J. , Bertucci C. , Cui J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report on unusual dynamics in Titan's ionosphere as a significant difference in ionospheric electron density is observed between the T118 and T119 Cassini nightside flybys. Two distinct nightside electron density peaks were present during T118, at 1,150 and 1,200 km, and the lowest density ever observed in Titan's ionosphere at altitudes 1,000–1,350 km was during T118. These flybys were quite similar in geometry, Saturn local time, neutral density, extreme ultraviolet flux, and ambient magnetic field conditions. Despite this, the Radio and Plasma Waves/Langmuir Probe measured a density difference up to a factor of 6 between the passes. The overall difference was present and similar during both inbound and outbound legs. By ruling out other factors, we suggest that an exceptionally low rate of particle impact ionization in combination with dynamics in the ionosphere is the explanation for the observations.
Upscaled Anisotropic Methane Hydrate Critical State Model for Turbidite Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments at East Nankai Trough
Authors: Zhou M. , Soga K. , Yamamoto K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTurbidite formation is a common feature of natural hydrate‐bearing sediments that has been observed and reported at several hydrate exploration sites. It is therefore important to incorporate this anisotropic geological feature into the constitutive modeling when evaluating the geomechanical risks involved during hydrate‐based gas production. To date, a number of constitutive models have been proposed to capture the isotropic geomechanical behavior of homogeneous hydrate‐bearing sediments. Since the turbidite formation contains soil layers at a scale much smaller than the size of the numerical element used for reservoir scale simulations, it is necessary to upscale the geomechanical behavior of a layered system to an equivalent anisotropic continuum model by adopting some homogenization techniques. In this study, an anisotropic methane hydrate critical state model is developed by modifying the original isotropic version of Uchida et al. (2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008661). The calibration methodology of the anisotropic model parameters for a given set of hydrate heterogeneity and the turbidite formation at the Eastern Nankai Trough is proposed and demonstrated. The upscaled parameters are calibrated by curve fitting the numerically simulated stress‐strain curves of the layered system with the original isotropic constitutive model at the layered scale. Forty‐two sets of model parameters are calibrated from different site element models of this site. They are used to develop empirical correlations between the model parameters and the site input properties within the turbidite formation. This paper presents the details of the new anisotropic constitutive model and the performance of the proposed upscaling procedure for the Eastern Nankai Trough case.