bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term survey data reveal large predator and temperature effects on population growth of multiple zooplankton species
Authors: Marino John A. , Vanderploeg Henry A. , Pothoven Steven A. , Elgin Ashley K. , Peacor Scott D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPredators can strongly affect prey communities, but their influence may be difficult to distinguish from bottom‐up and other environmental effects. The problem of assessing predator impact is especially difficult in large systems that do not allow for comparisons across multiple units (e.g., small lakes) that have varying predator density. For instance, the invasion of the predatory zooplankter, Bythotrephes longimanus, into the Laurentian Great Lakes contributed to the nearly complete disappearance of several zooplankton species, but current effects on extant zooplankton are not well understood. We used generalized additive models (GAMs) applied to long‐term data time series (1994–2012) to examine B. longimanus effects on zooplankton species in Lake Michigan. Because B. longimanus abundance varied over time, our approach allowed assessment of predator effects from field data while accounting for other factors, including food resources, temperature, and seasonality. Results suggest that B. longimanus substantially reduces some zooplankton population growth rates, with the largest effects on species that B. longimanus affected more strongly in experiments. For example, at maximum B. longimanus abundance, Daphnia mendotae, Bosmina longirostris, and Diacyclops thomasi population growth rates were estimated to be reduced by 17%, 30%, and 21%, respectively, compared to no effect on calanoid copepods. Results further indicated positive temperature effects on population growth that differed by species. Our study thus provides field‐based evidence for ongoing impacts of invasive species and temperature on zooplankton production and composition, with potential consequences for planktivorous fish, and exemplifies how GAMs can be used to determine predator effects from time series data.
Renal globotriaosylceramide deposits for Fabry disease linked to uncertain pathogenicity gene variant c.352C>T/p.Arg118Cys: A family study
Authors: Cerón‐Rodríguez Magdalena , Ramón‐García Guillermo , Barajas‐Colón Edgar , Franco‐Álvarez Isidro , Salgado‐Loza Juan L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundFabry disease (FD) has an extensive phenotypic expression associated with GLA gene variants. The GLA gene variant c.352C>T/p.Arg118Cys was considered with uncertain pathogenicity because of the finding of high residual alpha‐galactosidase A (α‐Gal A) enzyme activity, the absence of Mendelian segregation with an FD phenotype with many individuals remaining asymptomatic at old ages and the lack of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) deposits in tissues. Gb3 deposits are found in kidneys before the progression to overt microalbuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration.MethodsWe describe a family with c.352C>T/p.Arg118Cys variant and pathognomonic signs of FD renal damage in masculine children.ResultsThe proband died of end‐stage renal failure and we analyzed GLA gene in his offspring and found the variant in all daughters and five of seven grandchildren. In patients who we measure plasma and urinary Gb3, α‐Gal A enzyme activity, and plasma globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso‐Gb3), these were normal or almost normal. A kidney biopsy was performed in two boys and one girl with normal renal function and characteristic signs of FD as enlarged and vacuolated epithelial cells, myelin figures, myelin‐like figures, lamellated structures in podocytes and endothelial cells, were found in boys. These boys received agalsidase beta 1 mg/kg IV infusion every other week to prevent further renal damage.ConclusionThis is the first report that shows a link between FD renal Gb3 deposits and c.352C>T/p.Arg118Cys variant, supporting pathogenicity of a variant considered until now with uncertain pathogenicity.
Iterative motion‐compensation reconstruction ultra‐short TE (iMoCo UTE) for high‐resolution free‐breathing pulmonary MRI
Authors: Zhu Xucheng , Chan Marilynn , Lustig Michael , Johnson Kevin M. , Larson Peder E. Z. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo develop a high‐scanning efficiency, motion‐corrected imaging strategy for free‐breathing pulmonary MRI by combining an iterative motion‐compensation reconstruction with a ultrashort echo time (UTE) acquisition called iMoCo UTE.MethodsAn optimized golden‐angle ordering radial UTE sequence was used to continuously acquire data for 5 minutes. All readouts were grouped to different respiratory motion states based on self‐navigator signals, and then motion‐resolved data was reconstructed by XD golden‐angle radial sparse parallel reconstruction. One state from the motion‐resolved images was selected as a reference, and then motion fields from the other states to the reference were derived via nonrigid registration. Finally, all motion‐resolved data and motion fields were reconstructed by using an iterative motion‐compensation (MoCo) reconstruction with a total generalized variation sparse constraint.ResultsThe iMoCo UTE strategy was evaluated in volunteers and nonsedated pediatric patient (4‐6 years old) studies. Images reconstructed with iMoCo UTE provided sharper anatomical lung structures and higher apparent SNR and contrast‐to‐noise ratio compared to using other motion‐correction strategies, such as soft‐gating, motion‐resolved reconstruction, and nonrigid MoCo. iMoCo UTE also showed promising results in an infant study.ConclusionThe proposed iMoCo UTE combines self‐navigation, motion modeling, and a compressed sensing reconstruction to increase scan efficiency and SNR and to reduce respiratory motion in lung MRI. This proposed strategy shows improvements in free‐breathing lung MRI scans, especially in very challenging application situations such as pediatric MRI studies.
Delays in diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: An evaluation of genotypic and sociodemographic factors
Authors: Counterman Kevin J. , Furlong Pat , Wang Richard T. , Martin Ann S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn this study we investigate associations between genotypic and sociodemographic factors and the age of diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).MethodsData were collected from the Duchenne Registry from 2007 to 2019, and then used to assess the impact genotype, race/ethnicity, neighborhood poverty levels, and other sociodemographics factors have on the age of diagnosis of DMD patients without a known family history, using univariate and multivariable linear regression.ResultsThe mean age of diagnosis was 4.43 years. Non‐Caucasian patients and patients from high‐poverty neighborhoods were older at diagnosis (P < .01). Increased year of birth was associated with decreasing age of diagnosis (P < .001). Specific genetic mutation subtypes were associated with later ages of symptom onset and diagnosis (P = .005).DiscussionAfter adjusting for genotype and year of birth, the average age of diagnosis was significantly later for traditionally at‐risk patients.
Partnering Support Interventions with Bariatric Surgery to Maximize Health Outcomes in Adolescents with Severe Obesity
Authors: Messiah Sarah E. , Sacher Paul M. , Yudkin Joshua , Qureshi Faisal G. , Hoelscher Deanna M. , Barlow Sarah E. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveRates of adolescents with severe obesity continue to rise worldwide, with concurrent increases in metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) uptake. The gap between support (lifestyle, pharmacotherapy) interventions and MBS as treatment options for adolescents has been understudied. This review, couched in a socio‐ecological framework, investigates how support interventions for adolescents with severe obesity could be combined or sequenced with MBS to optimize health outcomes.MethodsA comprehensive search revealed 36 published articles between 1995 and 2019 that included the combination of support interventions and MBS among adolescents.ResultsThere were no studies that specifically reported outcomes or effect sizes for the combination of lifestyle intervention with MBS. Previous studies have reported individual results for either lifestyle intervention or MBS but not for their compound effect.ConclusionsAs rates of adolescents with severe obesity are on the rise globally, future research should focus on how partnering support interventions with MBS can amplify positive short‐ and long‐term health outcomes and within a socio‐ecological framework. Understanding the sequence of these approaches will be of particular importance. High‐risk and vulnerable populations such as ethnic minorities who have suffered a disproportionate burden of the obesity epidemic must be included in rigorously tested future trials of combination interventions to maximize health outcomes worldwide.
Amphetamine Dose‐Dependently Decreases and Increases Binge Intake of Fat and Sucrose Independent of Sex
Authors: West Katherine Stuhrman , Lawson Valen , Swanson Andrew M. , Dunigan Anna I. , Roseberry Aaron G. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveAmphetamine was formerly used as a treatment to combat obesity, but amphetamine’s use as an appetite suppressant was discontinued because of its significant abuse potential. Most of the rewarding and reinforcing effects of amphetamine differ by sex, with females showing higher levels of drug intake and amphetamine‐induced motivation, relapse, and locomotion, but it is unknown whether amphetamine’s effects on feeding also differ by sex. Furthermore, previous research on the anorectic effects of amphetamine has been focused primarily on its effects on baseline homeostatic feeding, but it is unknown whether amphetamine also affects hedonic, reward‐related feeding, which is an important factor driving the rise in obesity levels.MethodsThis study tested whether amphetamine alters food intake in a sex‐dependent manner in two reward‐related feeding paradigms: a sucrose two‐bottle choice test and a high‐fat/high‐sugar binge intake model.ResultsAmphetamine altered food intake equally in males and females in both paradigms, with higher doses significantly inhibiting feeding and low doses of amphetamine increasing feeding at later time points.ConclusionsAmphetamine’s effects on feeding and drug reward may be mediated by distinct mechanisms, which could allow for the development of new approaches to combat obesity with limited abuse and addiction‐related side effects.
Desensitization to pegaspargase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: August Keith J. , Farooki Sana , Fulbright Joy M. , August Amanda , Portnoy Jay M. , Pommert Lauren , Burke Michael J. , Guest Erin M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHypersensitivity to pegaspargase is associated with inferior survival in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma. In the past year, drug‐supply shortages have led to the lack of an available alternative to pegaspargase. Rather than omit asparaginase from the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma patients with hypersensitivity to pegaspargase, we continued pegaspargase treatments for nine pediatric patients, utilizing a rapid desensitization protocol. There were no adverse events related to the pegaspargase during desensitization, and all patients who were checked had asparaginase serum levels above the threshold of 0.1 IU/mL at 7 to 14 days after pegaspargase therapy.
Spinal cord atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors in children: Clinical, genetic, and outcome characteristics in a representative European cohort
Authors: Benesch Martin , Nemes Karolina , Neumayer Petra , Hasselblatt Martin , Timmermann Beate , Bison Brigitte , Ebetsberger‐Dachs Georg , Bourdeaut Franck , Dufour Christelle , Biassoni Veronica , Morales La Madrid Andrés , Entz‐Werle Natacha , Laithier Véronique , Quehenberger Franz , Weis Serge , Sumerauer David , Siebert Reiner , Bens Susanne , Schneppenheim Reinhard , Kool Marcel , Modena Piergiorgio , Fouyssac Fanny , C. Frühwald Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCase reports have portrayed spinal cord atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (spATRT) as an aggressive form of ATRT. We conducted a retrospective European survey to collect data on clinical characteristics, molecular biology, treatment, and outcome of children with intramedullary spATRT.MethodsScrutinizing a French national series and the European Rhabdoid Registry database, we identified 13 patients (median age 32 months; metastatic disease at diagnosis, n = 6). Systemic postoperative chemotherapy was administered to all patients; three received intrathecal therapy and six were irradiated (craniospinal, n = 3; local, n = 3).ResultsMedian observation time was 8 (range, 1‐93) months. Progression‐free and overall survival rates at 1 and (2 years) were 35.2% ± 13.9% (26.4% ± 12.9%) and 38.5% ± 13.5% (23.1% ± 11.7%). Four patients (ATRT‐SHH, n = 2; ATRT‐MYC, n = 1; DNA methylation subgroup not available, n = 1) achieved complete remission (CR); two of them are alive in CR 69 and 72 months from diagnosis. One patient relapsed after CR and is alive with progressive disease (PD) and one died of the disease. Three patients (ATRT‐MYC, n = 2; subgroup not available, n = 1) died after 7 to 22 months due to PD after having achieved a partial remission (n = 1) or stabilization (n = 2). Five patients (ATRT‐MYC, n = 2; subgroup not available, n = 3) developed early PD and died. One patient (ATRT‐MYC) died of intracerebral hemorrhage prior to response evaluation.ConclusionsLong‐term survival is achievable in selected patients with spATRT using aggressive multimodality treatment. Larger case series and detailed molecular analyses are needed to understand differences between spATRT and their inracranial counterparts and the group of extradural malignant rhabdoid tumors.
Aging effects in public policy making
Authors: Mendes J. Pedro , Aleluia Miguel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdministrations in public education can do little besides struggle to balance the number of needed and available teachers. Conventional student–teacher ratios perpetuate trends and are unfit for policy making. Besides lacking a suitable alternative, the Portuguese government was concerned that declining birth rates might make tenured teachers redundant over time. Their hiring policies became gradually more conservative and less transparent, and grievances escalated. An SD model provided rigorous estimates for the number of public grade and secondary teachers needed in each Portuguese school district, per teaching group (science, English, etc.). The model combined a structure of three goal‐seeking aging chain arrays. Its results were used to quantify and allocate tenured teacher vacancies in 2015. The model showed that redundancy concerns were unfounded and hiring for all vacancies was justifiable in the future. These results might have been difficult to anticipate by human decision makers because of the delays involved.© 2019 System Dynamics Society
The Electron Density Distribution in Crystals of η6–[1,4–dihydrospiro(2H–3,1–benzoxazine–2,1′–cyclohexane)]tricarbonylchromium(0): Experiment vs Molecular Invariom
Authors: Fukin Georgy K. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Baranov Evgeny V. , Rumyantcev Roman V. , Sazonova Elena V. , Artemov Alexander N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper we present the results of a high–resolution single crystal X–ray diffraction experiment of η6–[1,4–dihydrospiro(2H–3,1–benzoxazine–2,1′–cyclohexane)]tricarbonylchromium(0) and a subsequent charge density study based on a topological analysis according to quantum theory of atoms in molecules. The key point of this investigation is a comparison of the experimental topological characteristics of the electron density in the chromium atom coordination sphere with the experimentally–theoretical ones obtained on the basis of “whole–molecule” aspherical scattering factors (molecular invariom). We have shown that molecular invarioms adequately reproduce the deformation electron density in the coordination sphere of the chromium atom, molecular graphs, noncovalent interaction (NCI) index isorsurfaces as well as the population of d–orbitals of the Cr atom. In addition, we found that a comparative analysis of atomic charges and volumes obtained experimentally and experimentally–theoretically allows “to find” a reasonable value of the atomic charge.
Facile Synthesis of Silver Hydroxyapatite (AgHAP) Reinforced Nanocomposites of Poly (styrene)‐Poly (methyl methacrylate) and Study of Their Mechanical and Blood‐Compatible Behavior
Authors: Choubey Rashmi , Chouhan Raje , Bajpai Jaya , Bajpai Anil Kumar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present work focused on the synthesis of native silver hydroxyapatite (AgHAP) nanoparticles and their reinforcement into the host matrix of binary polymer blend of polystyrene (PS) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The structural and morphological studies of prepared nanoparticles and AgHAP reinforced PS‐PMMA nanocomposites were performed by various characterization techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The particle size analysis and zeta potential measurements were used to confirm nanosize of the AgHAP nanoparticles and their surface charges. The mechanical properties of AgHAP/PS/PMMA nanocomposites, such as microhardness and compressive strength, were also determined. The blood compatibility tests were performed to investigate biocompatible nature of the nanocomposites. The antibacterial property of the nanocomposites was also studied against S. aureus and E. coli species and the cytotoxic nature of the nanocomposites was conducted following 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐Yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay test.
Evaluating the performance of a decentralized graywater treatment system in a living building at Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, USA
Authors: Shillington Claire N. , Cianfrani Christina M. , Hews Sarah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDecentralized graywater treatment systems are growing in popularity as the threat of water scarcity rises and wastewater's potential as a resource is recognized. In 2016, Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts, completed construction of the R.W. Kern Center, a Living Building that incorporates physical filters and two constructed wetlands to treat graywater produced on‐site. Grab samples of graywater were collected from four sites between August 2016 and March 2019. This study characterizes mixed graywater from all the building's fixtures and graywater from a coffee bar. Untreated mixed graywater was observed with median concentrations of 180 mg/L for total suspended solids (TSS), 190 mg/L for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and 15 mg/L for total nitrogen (TN), primarily in the form of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN). Concentrations of TSS, BOD5, and TN were reduced by 92%, 96%, and 73%, respectively, by the Kern Center's treatment system. Preliminary data from coffee bar effluent establish a wide range of high‐strength graywater quality. Because Living Buildings by design explore the connections between people and their built environments, this study also found that the behaviors of building occupants, particularly the café staff, had a direct impact on the functioning of the Kern Center's decentralized graywater treatment system.Practitioner points

On‐site decentralized graywater treatment systems paired with waterless composting toilets are effective in reducing a building's water use and in meeting net‐zero water goals.

Constructed wetlands can effectively treat graywater produced in a central campus building with public spaces, office spaces, and a coffee bar.

On‐site decentralized graywater treatment systems require cooperation from both building occupants and water operators in order to function properly.
University–utility partnerships: Best practices for water innovation and collaboration
Authors: Brown Morgan , Karimova Fidan , Love Nancy , Pagilla Krishna , Bott Charles , He Zhen , Liner Barry , Merther Susan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUniversity–utility partnerships (UUPs) are mutually beneficial collaborations that promote and accelerate innovation in the water sector. The Leaders Innovation Forum for Technology (LIFT) program worked with representatives from universities and utilities to define successful methods and strategies for establishing strong university–utility collaborative partnerships. Overall, partners in a successful university–utility collaboration need to be honest and realistic to match university capabilities and utility needs. In order to manage expectations at both organizations, utilities and universities must understand their respective points of view. Building and maintaining strong relationships should be a primary concern. Successful UUPs are built upon strong relationships between organizations rather than just strong research ideas. Different implementation structures should be considered for UUPs depending on what works best for both organizations. Common hurdles to overcome when implementing UUPs include working across distances and managing risks related to financing, intellectual property, and public outreach.Practitioner points

University–utility collaborative partnerships are mutually beneficial and promote innovation throughout the water sector as a whole

Establishing successful partnerships can be challenging, but difficulties can be mitigated by following the described best practices

Partnerships can be structured and implemented in a variety of ways depending on the specific needs of each organization involved
Asymptotic Analysis of Dotsenko–Fateev Integrals
Authors: Lenells Jonatan , Viklund Fredrik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We develop a method for evaluating asymptotics of certain contour integrals that appear in conformal field theory under the name of Dotsenko–Fateev integrals and that are natural generalizations of the classical hypergeometric functions.We illustrate the method by establishing a number of estimates that are useful in the context of martingale observables for multiple Schramm–Loewner evolution processes.