bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular anatomy of the architectural NEAT1 noncoding RNA: The domains, interactors, and biogenesis pathway required to build phase‐separated nuclear paraspeckles
Authors: Hirose Tetsuro , Yamazaki Tomohiro , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are extremely diverse and have various significant physiological functions. lncRNAs generally associate with specific sets of RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) to form functional ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. NEAT1 is a highly abundant lncRNA in the mammalian cell nucleus that associates with specific RBPs to form NEAT1 RNPs. Intriguingly, cellular NEAT1 RNPs are extraordinarily large and can be detected using an optical microscope. These gigantic RNPs, so‐called paraspeckles, are a type of membraneless nuclear body. Paraspeckles contain approximately 50 NEAT1 RNA molecules together with characteristic RBPs possessing aggregation‐prone prion‐like domains. Paraspeckle formation proceeds on the nascent NEAT1 transcript in conjunction with NEAT1 biogenesis, which exhibits various features that differ from those exhibited by mRNA biogenesis, including a lack of introns, noncanonical 3′ end formation, and nuclear retention. These unique features may be required for the mechanism of paraspeckle formation. NEAT1 possesses three distinct RNA domains (A, B, and C), which function in stabilization (A), isoform switching (B), and paraspeckle assembly (C). In particular, the central C domain contains smaller subdomains that are high‐affinity binding sites for the essential paraspeckle proteins (NONO and SFPQ) that subsequently polymerize along NEAT1. Subsequent recruitment of additional essential PSPs (FUS and RBM14) induces liquid–liquid phase separation to build a massive paraspeckle structure. Thus, the molecular anatomy of the NEAT1 arcRNA provides an ideal model to understand how lncRNAs form the functional RNP machinery.This article is characterized under:
RNA Export and Localization > Nuclear Export/Import
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Unintentional weight loss, its associated burden, and perceived weight status in people with cancer
Authors: Yuen Eva Y. N. , Zaleta Alexandra K. , McManus Shauna , Buzaglo Joanne S. , LeBlanc Thomas W. , Hamilton Kathryn , Stein Kevin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeUnintentional weight loss (UWL) is a prevalent problem in people with cancer and is associated with poorer psychosocial outcomes. A gap exists in understanding whether and how perceived and/or weight status impacts experiences of UWL. Thus, we sought to examine subjective experiences of UWL in people with cancer, and whetherperceivedand/or actual weight status impacts these experiences.MethodsParticipants were recruited through Cancer Support Community’s Cancer Experience Registry® and related networks. Participants completed an online survey that included the FAACT Anorexia-Cachexia subscale, and 19 items that captured six themes related to “beliefs and concerns” (positive beliefs, psychosocial impact, physical impact, cancer outcomes, self-esteem, relationships with others). Perceived weight status (PWS) was assessed using a single item. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using self-reported weight and height measurements.ResultsOf 326 respondents, 114 reported experiencing UWL. Over one-third misperceived their weight, with 29% perceiving weight status as below their BMI status. UWL in those with perceived weight status of overweight/obese was associated with positive beliefs. However, being underweight by BMI or perceiving oneself as underweight were both associated with greater concerns about weight loss. Perceived weight status of underweight compared to normal or overweight/obese weight status was associated with poorer psychosocial well-being, personal control, self-esteem, and relationships with others.ConclusionIn people with cancer, perceived weight status, rather than BMI, had greater impact on negative “beliefs and concerns” about UWL. Findings suggest assessment of both perceived and actual BMI to address the impact of UWL on psychosocial wellbeing.
Potential two‐step proteomic signature for Parkinson's disease: Pilot analysis in the Harvard Biomarkers Study
Authors: O'Bryant Sid E. , Edwards Melissa , Zhang Fan , Johnson Leigh A. , Hall James , Kuras Yuliya , Scherzer Clemens R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe sought to determine if our previously validated proteomic profile for detecting Alzheimer's disease would detect Parkinson's disease (PD) and distinguish PD from other neurodegenerative diseases.MethodsPlasma samples were assayed from 150 patients of the Harvard Biomarkers Study (PD, n = 50; other neurodegenerative diseases, n = 50; healthy controls, n = 50) using electrochemiluminescence and Simoa platforms.ResultsThe first step proteomic profile distinguished neurodegenerative diseases from controls with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.94. The second step profile distinguished PD cases from other neurodegenerative diseases with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.98. The proteomic profile differed in step 1 versus step 2, suggesting that a multistep proteomic profile algorithm to detecting and distinguishing between neurodegenerative diseases may be optimal.DiscussionThese data provide evidence of the potential use of a multitiered blood‐based proteomic screening method for detecting individuals with neurodegenerative disease and then distinguishing PD from other neurodegenerative diseases.
Urate and risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: A population‐based study
Authors: Scheepers Lieke E.J.M. , Jacobsson Lennart T.H. , Kern Silke , Johansson Lena , Dehlin Mats , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionLow serum urate (sU) has been suggested to increase the risk of dementia since a reduction might impair antioxidant capacity. On the other hand, high sU is associated with increased cardiovascular risk which might increase the risk of dementia, especially for vascular dementia.MethodsIn 1968–1969, a population‐based sample of 1462 women aged 38 to 60 years was examined and were followed up over 44 years (mean 33.1 years). We examined whether sU (determined in 1968–1969 and 1992–1994) is associated with risk of late‐life dementia.ResultsDuring 44 years of follow‐up, a higher sU (per standard deviation of 76.5 μmol/L) was associated with lower risk for dementia (n = 320; hazard ratio [HR] 0.81; confidence interval [CI] 0.72–0.91), Alzheimer's disease (n = 152; HR 0.78; CI 0.66–0.91), and vascular dementia (n = 52; HR 0.66; CI 0.47–0.94).DiscussionOur findings support the hypothesis that sU has a protective role in the development of dementia, regardless of dementia subtype. This may have important implications in the treatment of dementia and treatment goals for hyperuricemia in patients with gout.
Chemical Heat Packs as an Intervention to Prolong Ultrasound Battery Runtime
Authors: Roy Steven , Schielke Ryck K. , Haffey Daniel , Coombs Heather 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Point-of-care ultrasonography is a burgeoning field of practice and study. Although point-of-care ultrasonography has started to penetrate the field of wilderness medicine, its use in cold environments is often limited by poor battery performance. In the current study, we investigated the effect of chemical foot warmers on battery runtime of handheld ultrasound machines in cold weather. Methods This prospective study used a balanced, crossover randomization design to compare handheld ultrasound machines exposed to cold weather with and without the application of chemical foot warmers. Time to power off, ambient temperature, air humidity, and wind speed were recorded for each trial and compared in a mixed-effects model analysis of variance. Results Ultrasound machines showed significantly decreased functional battery life with decreasing temperature ( P<0.01) and increasing wind speed ( P=0.01). Addition of the chemical foot warmer resulted in a statistically significant increase in handheld ultrasound machine runtime compared with controls ( P<0.001). Overall machine runtime was increased by approximately 21.8 min (95% CI 16.2–27.3). Conclusions The application of chemical foot warmers to handheld ultrasound machines exposed to cold environments prolongs usable battery life and, consequently, may allow for extended scanning time in austere and remote environments.
Human Responses to 5 Heated Hypothermia Wrap Systems in a Cold Environment
Authors: Dutta Ramesh , Kulkarni Kartik , Steinman Alan M. , Gardiner Phillip F. , McDonald Gerren K. , Giesbrecht Gordon G. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction We compared the effectiveness of 5 heated hypothermia wrap systems. Methods Physiologic and subjective responses were determined in 5 normothermic subjects (1 female) for 5 heated hypothermia wraps (with vapor barrier and chemical heat sources) during 60 min of exposure to a temperature of −22°C. The 5 systems were 1) user-assembled; 2) Doctor Down Rescue Wrap; 3) hypothermia prevention and management kit (HPMK); 4) MARSARS Hypothermia Stabilizer Bag; and 5) Wiggy's Victims Casualty Hypothermia Bag. Core and skin temperature, metabolic heat production, skin heat loss, and body net heat gain were determined. Subjective responses were also evaluated for whole body cold discomfort, overall shivering rating, overall temperature rating, and preferential ranking. Results The Doctor Down and user-assembled systems were generally more effective, with higher skin temperatures and lower metabolic heat production; they allowed less heat loss, resulting in higher net heat gain ( P<0.05). HPMK had the lowest skin temperature and highest shivering heat production and scored worse than the other 4 systems for the “whole body cold discomfort” and “overall temperature” ratings ( P<0.05). Conclusions The user-assembled and Doctor Down systems were most effective, and subjects were coldest with the HPMK system. However, it is likely that any of the tested systems would be viable options for wilderness responders, and the choice would depend on considerations of cost; volume, as it relates to available space; and weight, as it relates to ability to carry or transport the system to the patient.
Hydroelastic effects during the fast lifting of a disc from a water surface
Authors: Vega-Martínez P. , Rodríguez-Rodríguez J. , Khabakhpasheva T. I. , Korobkin A. A. 
Published: May 2019

Here we report the results of an experimental study where we measure the hydrodynamic force acting on a plate which is lifted from a water surface, suddenly starting to move upwards with an acceleration much larger than gravity. Our work focuses on the early stage of the plate motion, when the hydrodynamic suction forces due to the liquid inertia are the most relevant ones. Besides the force, we measure as well the acceleration at the centre of the plate and the time evolution of the wetted area. The results of this study show that, at very early stages, the hydrodynamic force can be estimated by a simple extension of the linear exit theory by Korobkin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 737, 2013, pp. 368–386), which incorporates an added mass to the body dynamics. However, at longer times, the measured acceleration decays even though the applied external force continues to increase. Moreover, high-speed recordings of the disc displacement and the radius of the wetted area reveal that the latter does not change before the disc acceleration reaches its maximum value. We show in this paper that these phenomena are caused by the elastic deflection of the disc during the initial transient stage of water exit. We present a linearised model of water exit that accounts for the elastic behaviour of the lifted body. The results obtained with this new model agree fairly well with the experimental results.
Non-Boussinesq gravity currents and surface waves generated by lock release in a circular-section channel: theoretical and experimental investigation
Authors: Chiapponi L. , Ungarish M. , Petrolo D. , Di Federico V. , Longo S. 
Published: May 2019

We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of lock-release inertial gravity currents (GCs) propagating in a horizontal channel of circular cross-section with open-top surface in the non-Boussinesq regime. A two-layer shallow-water (SW) model is developed for a generic shape of the cross-section with open top, and then implemented in a finite difference numerical code for the solution in a circular-cross-section channel of the type used in the experiments. The model predicts propagation with (almost) constant speed for a fairly long distance, accompanied by a depression of the ambient free open-top surface behind the front of the current. Sixteen experiments were conducted with a density ratio $r=0.587{-}0.939$ in full-depth and part-depth release conditions, measuring the front speed and the free-surface time series at four cross-sections. The channel was a circular tube 409 cm long, with a radius of 9.5 cm; the lengths of the locks were 52 and 103.5 cm. Density contrast was obtained by adding sodium chloride and dipotassium phosphate to fresh water. The theoretical values of the front speed and of the depression overestimate the experimental values, but they predict correctly their trend for varying parameters and provide reliable insights into the underlying mechanisms. In particular, we demonstrate that the circular cross-section increases the speed of propagation as compared to the standard rectangular cross-section case (for the same initial height and density ratio). The discrepancies between the SW predictions and the present experiments are of the same order of magnitude as those of previously published results for simpler systems (Boussinesq, rectangular). In addition to the depression, which is a wave bound to, and following the front of, the GC, the system also displays two kinds of free-surface waves, namely the initial bump (its amplitude is of the same order as the depression) and some short-length and low-amplitude waves in the tail of the bump. These free waves propagate with a celerity well predicted by the ‘fast’ eigenvalues of the mathematical model. Comparison is provided with the celerity of a solitary wave. It is expected that discrepancies between theory and experiments can be partly attributed to the presence of these waves. The reported insights and SW prediction method can be applied to a variety of cross-sections of practical interest (triangles, trapezoids, etc.).
Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago. Award on Jurisdiction and Merits
Authors: Bodansky Daniel , Kwiatkowska Barbara 
Published: May 2019

Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago. Award on Jurisdiction and Merits. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org/ENGLISH/RPC/>, available at 45 ILM 800 (2006).UN Convention on the Law of the Sea Annex VII Arbitral Tribunal, April 11, 2006.The dispute addressed in the Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago arbitration emerged during nine rounds of negotiations concerning delimitation of die maritime boundary in the western, central, and eastern sectors of their overlapping claims to the continental shelf and 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the Caribbean Sea (five rounds), along with associated questions posed by the continuing access for Barbadian fisherfolk to flying fish stocks south of a prospective equidistance line in the western sector (four rounds). In February 2004, according to Barbados, the prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago declared the issue of the maritime boundary “intractable” (para. 56) and invited Barbados to proceed, if it so wished, with arbitration. Barbados then invoked the compulsory arbitration provisions of Part XV, Section 2, of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS Convention). Upon its establishment, the Annex VII Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Arbitral Tribunal [Tribunal], which comprised President Stephen M. Schwebel and arbitrators Ian Brownlie, Vaughan A. Lowe, Francisco Orrego Vicuña, and Sir Arthur Watts, adopted its Rules of Procedure and issued four orders by year's end. After joining Trinidad and Tobago's preliminary objections to the merits phase, the Tribunal held hearings in London on October 17-28,2005. The vital interests of the two states in valuable oil and fishery resources were reflected in the high intensity of the factual and legal (both procedural and substantive) contentions forcefully disputed by the parties as represented by leading international counsel, and a number of procedurally incidental issues arose in the context of the proceedings’ confidentiality and the treatment of evidence.
Cooperation with international tribunals—binding orders directed at states and international organizations—intelligence information—national security interests—disclosure to defendants—fair trails
Authors: Bodansky Daniel , Cogan Jacob Katz 
Published: May 2019

Prosecutor v. Milutinović et al., Case No. IT-05-87-AR108bis.2, Decision on Request of the United States of America for Review.Prosecutor v. Milutinović et al., Case No. IT-05-87-AR108bis.l, Decision on Request of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation for Review.International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Appeals Chamber, May 12 and May 15, 2006, respectively.In May 2006, the appeals chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) granted the requests of the United States (U.S. Review Decision) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (NATO Review Decision) and set aside the trial chamber's decision ordering the production of intercepted communications sought by defendant Dragolj ub Ojdanić. The appeals chamber held that Rule 54bis of the ICTY Rules of Procedure and Evidence does not require the possessor of intelligence information to produce that information when that state or international organization is not its owner or originator and that an order under Rule 54bis (“Orders Directed to States for the Production of Documents”) will not issue when a party refuses a state's cooperative efforts to provide information pursuant to Rule 70 (“Matters Not Subject to Disclosure”).
Aneurysmal Surgery in the Presence of Angiographic Vasospasm: An Outcome Assessment
Authors: McLaughlin Nancy , Bojanowski Michel W. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:Background and Purpose:The timing of aneurysmal surgery for patients presenting within the period at risk for vasospasm (VS) is controversial. The goal of this study is to review our experience of surgically treated patients in the presence of angiographic VS.Materials and Methods:From 1990-2004, 894 consecutive patients presented with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and were treated with a policy of early surgery. We retrospectively analyzed the patients that had pre-operative angiographic VS. In this study, symptomatic VS was diagnosed when a decreased level of consciousness and/or focal deficit occurred after SAH in the presence of angiographic VS without confounding factors. Functional outcome was assessed three months after SAH using the Glasgow Outcome Scale.Results:Of the 40 patients studied, 62.5% were in good clinical grade Hunt & Hess (H&H 1-2) on admission; 25%, intermediate grade (H&H 3); 12.5%, poor grade (H&H 4-5). Surgery was performed 24 hours or less after initial angiography in 87.5% of patients and less than 48 hours in 97.5%. Pre-operative symptomatic VS was diagnosed in 25%. Postoperatively, angiographic VS was documented in 87.2%. Of the 30% of patients that presented post-operative symptomatic VS, 66.7% also demonstrated pre-operative symptomatic VS. The functional outcome was favorable in 92.5% of the studied patients. Two deaths occurred in patients presenting pre-operative early radiological and symptomatic VS.Conclusion:Aneurysmal surgery, especially between 3-12 days following SAH, in the presence of asymptomatic pre-operative angiographic VS can be associated with a good outcome. Early surgery is not contra-indicated and might enable optimal treatment of VS.
L’impuissance et son traitement
Authors: Bonetti Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2019

RésuméLe cas du traitement de l’impuissance permet d’analyser l’impact du médicament sur la maladie à laquelle il est destiné. Cette entreprise exige dans un premier temps une définition du concept de maladie. Nous montrons alors que le médicament exerce un effet direct sur la connaissance du mécanisme pathologique. Cet impact, d’ordre cognitif, est ensuite replacé dans le contexte de la recherche sur l’impuissance. Le désintérêt initial, tant de la communauté médicale que de l’industrie pharmaceutique, est en effet transformé par les connaissances acquises grâce à la découverte de la papavérine, une molécule qui, injectée dans le sexe, induit une érection. Ce médicament implique alors une nouvelle catégorie d’acteurs, les urologues, dont l’engagement dans le traitement de l’impuissance affaiblit l’emprise de la sexologie. Mais l’évolution de la définition de l’impuissance est aussi fortement liée au cadre réglementaire qui guide la mise sur le marché des médicaments. En conclusion, notre lecture de cette histoire souligne les limites des réflexions basées sur le modèle de la médicalisation.
Les trois doigts d’Adam
Authors: Júnior Hilário Franco 
Published: May 2019

RésuméUn des chapiteaux du cloître aragonais de San Juan de la Peña montre un détail surprenant, sans équivalent dans l’iconographie médiévale et pourtant jamais étudié, peut-être parce qu’il a été vu comme un simple produit de l’imagination arbitraire de l’artiste. Adam, après avoir ingéré le fruit défendu, pose sa main droite entre sa gorge et sa poitrine pour indiquer qu’il restait étouffé par le péché et qu’il s’en repentait, et il fait ce geste avec seulement les trois premiers doigts de la main. Pourquoi ? C’est ce à quoi le présent essai tente de répondre.
Représentation, généralisation, comparaison
Authors: Delille Gérard 
Published: May 2019

RésuméToute société produit ses généralisations au travers desquelles elle tend à se décrire et à se représenter. À partir d’un objet d’étude, celui de la parenté et de l’alliance en Europe occidentale, l’article met en évidence les écarts parfois considérables qui peuvent s’établir entre de telles généralisations et les pratiques réelles ; il souligne les difficultés d’ordre méthodologique, d’interprétation, de comparaison avec d’autres sociétés qui en découlent. Le système européen est-il simplement et toujours cognatique, associe-t-il strictement filiation et dévolution des biens, ne présente-t-il, au niveau des alliances, aucune règle, aucune préférence organisatrice, aucun échange direct des femmes et aucun bouclage dans la parenté ? Les réponses à de telles questions ne peuvent être apportées qu’en prenant en compte toute la complexité du fonctionnement réel de ce système.