bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Julian Spalding: The Poetic Museum. Reviving Historic Collections
Authors: Persson Eva 
Published: August 2018

Varför skrivs det så lite om sakutställningens teori och praktik ur ett gestaltningsperspektiv? De historiska och kulturhistoriska museerna får aldrig den slags utställningskritik som varje konstmuseum tar för självklar, en kritik där form och innehåll ses som en helhet och där utställningens framträdande i rummet och objektens fysiska påverkan på besökaren är utgångspunkt för resonemang och reflektion. Jag är sannerligen inte den första att ställa denna fråga, allra minst i Nordisk museologi som uppmärksammat bristen på estetiskt orienterad kritik av sakmuseernas utställningar men som också försökt avhjälpa den med artiklar om forskare och arkitekter som – från olika utgångspunkter givetvis – balanserat föremålets yta mot deras innehåll så att det sinnliga inte skymmer berättandet och tvärtom. Snarare förutsätter de varann – det omedelbart sinnliga och det narrativa.
Museipestens nya skepnad?
Authors: Ekström Anders 
Published: August 2018

När man for omkring hundra år sedan allt oftare talade om en speciell «museivetenskap» i Sverige och andra europeiska länder, var det ett tecken pa att museet som institution hade tilldelats en central samhällelig betydelse. Det indikerade om inte annat sjalva anvandningen av ordet vetenskap. En doldis i svenskt sekelskifte, Eugene Fahlstedt, kanske mest omskriven för att han stod ut med en livslang vanskap med August Strindberg, förklarade i en oversiktsartikel i Nordisk familjebok att ordet «museivetenskap» avsåg kunskap om «allt» som hörde till ett museums uppgifter, men i forsta hand kunskapen om "förvärfvande af föremål deras konserverande, förvarande och katalogisering". Den praktiska utövningen av den kunskapen kallade Fahlstedt i sin tur «museiteknik», det vill saga en liknande distinktion som senare skulle goras mellan termerna museologi och museografi.
Museologi som vetenskapligt fält
Authors: Lundberg Bengt 
Published: August 2018

Museology and its field of research During an excursion to Swedish historical sites with friends from France the author observes how his companions had to transform their impressions into a verbal discourse with the aid of a printed guide before they were satisfied. Just taking a good look at the monument or contenting themselves with what they were told by their Swedish friend was not enough. In doing this the French guests confirmed in a striking way Foucault's statement that we are inscribed in the order of one of the discourses at our disposal and that we are subordinated the cultural heritage, the memories and experiences we carry along like an invisible museum. The Swedish scenery, monuments and objects did not communicate a meaning until they had been verbally translated into French.
Order and culture. Passages of popularization
Authors: Von Plessen Marie-Louise 
Published: August 2018

I will try to draw a portrait of the political genesis of the museum as a popular institution for national thought and education by examining Europe's first National Museums: the British Museum, the Louvre, the Versailles Museum of the History of France and those museums characterized by an early expression of nationalist feeling before the political institution of the nation state emerged. Their influence grew from enlightened philosophy and they became, in spite of their aspiration of objectivity, major teachers of minor and later pupils.
Museums, paintings and history
Authors: Pomian Krzysztof 
Published: August 2018

Todays museum is permeated with history. So much so that the general public and probably the majority of both museum curators and historians seem to consider the connection between museum and history an obvious and a necessary one. Yet, if we look at the past of the museum and at that of history, we discover that during the early centuries of the museums existence they had nothing in common with one another. How did the conjunction of museum with history come into being? How did the museum adapt itself to different types of history: to universal history, to national history, to local history? How did history become aware of the importance of museums for the study ofthe past? And how did the museum become aware of its own history? These are the questions included under the headline Museum and History. I cannot discuss them all. I shall concentrate on only one of them and even this one will not be treated exhaustively.
The ecomuseum in theory and practice. The first Chinese ecomuseum established
Authors: Laishun An , Gjestrum John Aage 
Published: August 2018

The first Chinese ecomuseum was opened on October 31st 1998. This was a result of four years of co-operation between Chinese and Norwegian museum professionals, state authorities on various levels and the people of a local ethnic minority in Guizhou province. At the signing of the official project agreement in 1997 the Chinese head of state Jiang Zemin and the Norwegian King Harald and Queen Sonja, were present. It is very rare for a museum project to attract such high level attention. It is quite a distance from the palaces of Beijing where this event took place to the Soga community and the Qing Miao minority group, with a population of 4,000 living under the poorest conditions in a high mountain area in Guizhou province.
Are museums putting heritage under the domination of the tourism industry?
Authors: Boniface Priscilla 
Published: August 2018

The complex relationship between museums, heritage and tourism is discussed. Consideration is given to whether museums' heritage and old style method of operation can reasonably continue, and how heritage is and can be treated by museums. It is regarded as essential for museums to show contemporary relevance. They need to be used and valued by the range of society and should show that they are focused upon all types of visitor. Tourists are suggested to be, essentially, visitors, and not therefore a sector apart causing fear and trepidation.
Fra Sami Yusuf til Harris J Om islamske verdier og tematisering av muslimsk identitet gjennom halal-pop
Authors: Farstad Mona Helen 
Published: August 2018

Fear and suspicion towards Islam and Muslims have become increasingly prominent in the public debate. This represents a challenge for Muslim youth in their efforts to develop a positive religious identity. The point of departure in this article is how the new, Islamic pop industry, here represented by a selection of music and artists from Awakening Records, has responded to this situation by producing religious music specifically aimed at European/Western youth. The article analyses how musical genre, texts, images and videos work together and thematizes Muslim identity and Islamic values in different ways. It is suggested that this material may serve as resources for the identity management of young European Muslims by offering alternative, positive narratives about Islam.Key words: Islamic pop-music, Muslim youth culture, Muslim identity, Awakening RecordsFrykt og mistenksomhet overfor islam og muslimer har blitt stadig mer fremtredende i den offentlige debatt. Dette representerer en utfordring for muslimsk ungdom i deres arbeid med å utvikle en positiv religiøs identitet. Denne artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i hvordan den nye, islamske pop-industrien, her representert ved et utvalg musikk og artister fra Awakening Records, har respondert på denne situasjonen ved å produsere religiøs musikk spesielt rettet mot europeisk/vestlig ungdom. Artikkelen analyserer hvordan musikalsk uttrykk, tekster, bilder og videoer virker sammen og tematiserer muslimsk identitet og islamske verdier på ulike måter. Det pekes på at dette materialet kan tjene som ressurser for unge, europeiske muslimers identitetsarbeid ved å tilby alternative, positive narrativ om islam.Nøkkelord: islamsk pop-musikk, muslimsk ungdomskultur, muslimsk identitet, Awakening Records
The appropriateness of ceftriaxone and metronidazole as empirical therapy in managing complicated intra-abdominal infection—experience from Western Health, Australia
Authors: Tan Andrew , Rouse Michael , Kew Natalie , Qin Sharon , La Paglia Domenic , Pham Toan 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This study aims to assess the microbiological profile, antimicrobial susceptibility and adequacy of intravenous ceftriaxone and metronidazole as empirical therapy for surgical patients presenting with complicated intra-abdominal infection.

Methods
This retrospective audit reviews the microbiological profile and sensitivity of intra-abdominal cultures from adult patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection who presented to the emergency department at Western Health (Melbourne, Australia) between November 2013 and June 2017. Using the hospital’s database, an audit was completed using diagnosis related group (DRG) coded data. Ethics approval has been granted by the Western Health Human Research Ethics Committee. Results are stratified according to surgical conditions (appendicitis, cholecystitis, sigmoid diverticulitis and bowel perforation). The antimicrobial coverage of ceftriaxone and metronidazole is evaluated against these microbial profiles.

Results
A total of 1,412 patients were identified using DRG codes for intra-abdominal infection. All patients with microscopy and sensitivity results were included in the study. Patients without these results were excluded. 162 patients were evaluable. 180 microbiological cultures were performed through surgical intervention or radiologically guided aspiration of the intra-abdominal infection. Single or multiple pathogens were identified in 137 cultures. The most commonly identified pathogens were mixed anaerobes (12.6%), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (12.1%), mixed coliforms (11.6%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%). Other common pathogens (6% each) included Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus anginosus, Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli. Organisms isolated in our study are consistent with existing literature. However, a significant proportion of antibiotic resistant organisms was identified in cases of perforated bowel and sigmoid diverticulitis. Broader spectrum antimicrobial therapy should therefore be considered in lieu of ceftriaxone and metronidazole in these cases. Ceftriaxone and metronidazole remain as appropriate empirical therapy for patients who presented with perforated appendicitis and cholecystitis.

Discussion
The empirical regime of ceftriaxone and metronidazole remains appropriate for intra-abdominal infection secondary to appendicitis and cholecystitis. In cases involving perforated small and large bowel, including complicated sigmoid diverticulitis, the judicious use of ceftriaxone and metronidazole is recommended.
Energy‐dependent OAR sparing and dose conformity for total marrow irradiation of obese patients
Authors: Cherpak Amanda J. , Monajemi Thalat , Chytyk‐Praznik Krista , Mulroy Liam 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect on target coverage and organs at risk sparing by using 10 versus 6 MV for VMAT total marrow irradiation of obese patients.Methods and MaterialsTwenty‐six total marrow irradiation, TMI, treatment plans delivered between December 2014 and June 2017 were reviewed and 10 were chosen for replanning based on patient characteristics and plan metrics. Beam geometry and isocenter placement were conserved, energy was changed from 6 to 10 MV and plans were reoptimized. Resulting dose distributions were compared to original plans to evaluate any potential advantage of choosing one energy over the other.ResultsTarget coverage and total monitor units were consistent between the 6 and 10 MV plans when averaged over all ten patients. Improvement in the conformity index (−11.0%, P = 0.009) when using 10 MV was statistically significant compared to the 6 MV plans. Volumes of normal tissue receiving 50%, 75%, and 90% Rx all decreased for the 10 MV plans compared to the original 6 MV plans. The mean dose to individual OARs decreased significantly for all investigated structures except for the lenses, oral cavity, and genitalia. The largest decreases in Dmean were found for the rectum (22.4%, P = 0.004) and bladder (18.1%, P = 0.005). The three highest priorities for sparing during plan optimization (lungs, liver, and heart), showed decreases of 7.6%, 16.1%, and 13.0%.ConclusionsUse of a higher energy 10 MV beam provided similar dose to target while achieving increased OAR and normal tissue sparing for the patients reviewed in this study.
A quantitative assessment of the consequences of allowing dose heterogeneity in prostate radiation therapy planning
Authors: Sun Lingyue , Smith Wendy , Ghose Abhijit , Kirkby Charles 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTarget dose uniformity has been historically an aim of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning. However, for some sites, this may not be strictly necessary and removing this constraint could theoretically improve organ‐at‐risk (OAR) sparing and tumor control probability (TCP). This study systematically investigates the consequences of PTV dose uniformity that results from the application or removal of an upper dose constraint (UDC) in the inverse planning process for prostate VMAT treatments. OAR sparing, target coverage, hotspots, and plan complexity were compared between prostate VMAT plans with and without the PTV UDC optimized using the progressive resolution optimizer (PRO, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). Removing the PTV UDC, the median D1cc reached 144.6% for the CTV and the PTV, and an average increase of 3.2% TCP was demonstrated, while CTV and PTV coverage evaluated by D99% was decreased by less than 0.6% with statistical significance. Moreover, systematic improvement in the rectum dose volume histograms was shown (a 5–10% decrease in the volume receiving 50% to 75% prescribed dose), resulting in an average decrease of 1.3% (P < 0.01) in the rectum normal tissue complication probability. Additional consequences included potentially increased dose to the urethra as evaluated by PTV D0.035cc (median: 153.4%), delivering 283 extra monitor units (MUs), and slightly higher degrees of modulation. In general, the results were consistent when a different optimizer (Photon Optimizer, Varian Medical Systems) was used. In conclusion, removing the PTV UDC is acceptable for localized prostate cases given the systematic improvement of rectal dose and TCP. It can be particularly useful for cases that do not meet the rectum dose constraints with the PTV UDC on. This comes with the foreseeable consequences of increased dose heterogeneity in the PTV and an increase in MUs and plan complexity. It also has a higher requirement for reproducing the position and size of the target and OARs during treatment. Finally, with the PTV UDC completely removed, in some cases the maximum doses within the PTV did approach levels that may be of concern for urethral toxicity and therefore in clinical implementation it may still be necessary to include a PTV UDC, but one based on limiting toxicity rather than enforcing dose homogeneity.
Decreased Pain and Improved Dynamic Knee Instability Mediate the Beneficial Effect of Wearing a Soft Knee Brace on Activity Limitations in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Cudejko Tomasz , van der Esch Martin , van den Noort Josien C. , Rijnhart Judith J. M. , van der Leeden Marike , Roorda Leo D. , Lems Willem , Waddington Gordon , Harlaar Jaap , Dekker Joost 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether improvement of proprioception, pain, or dynamic knee instability mediates the effect of wearing a soft knee brace on activity limitations in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe conducted an analysis of data for 44 patients with knee OA who were enrolled in a laboratory‐based trial evaluating the effect of wearing a commercially available soft knee brace. Activity limitations were assessed with the 10‐meter walk test and the Get Up and Go test. Knee joint proprioception was assessed by an active joint position sense test; pain was assessed on a numeric rating scale (NRS) (range 0–10); pressure pain threshold (PPT) was assessed with a hand‐held pressure algometer; dynamic knee instability was expressed by the perturbation response, i.e., a measure reflecting a deviation in mean knee varus–valgus angle after a controlled mechanical perturbation on a treadmill, with respect to level walking. Mediation analysis was conducted using the product of coefficients approach. Confidence intervals were calculated with a bootstrap procedure.ResultsA decrease in pain (scored on an NRS) and a decrease in dynamic knee instability mediated the effect of wearing a soft knee brace on the reduction of activity limitations (P < 0.05), while changes in proprioception and PPT did not mediate this effect (P > 0.05).ConclusionThis study shows that decreased pain and reduced dynamic knee instability are pathways by which wearing a soft knee brace decreases activity limitations in patients with knee OA.
Effects of Language, Insurance, and Race/Ethnicity on Measurement Properties of the PROMIS Physical Function Short Form 10a in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Izadi Zara , Katz Patricia P. , Schmajuk Gabriela , Gandrup Julie , Li Jing , Gianfrancesco Milena , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveMost studies that have evaluated patient‐reported outcomes, such as those utilizing the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function Short Form 10a (PF10a) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have been performed in white and English‐speaking populations. The aim of our study was to assess the measurement properties of the PF10a in a racially/ethnically diverse population with RA and to determine the effect of non‐English language proficiency, insurance status, and race/ethnicity on the validity and responsiveness of the PF10a.MethodsData were abstracted from electronic health records for all RA patients seen in a university‐based rheumatology clinic between 2013 and 2017. We evaluated the use of the PF10a, floor and ceiling effects, and construct validity across categories of language preference, insurance, and race/ethnicity. We used standardized response means and linear mixed‐effects models to evaluate the responsiveness of the PF10a to longitudinal changes in the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) across population subgroups.ResultsWe included 595 patients in a cross‐sectional analysis of validity and 341 patients in longitudinal responsiveness analyses of the PF10a. The PF10a had acceptable floor and ceiling effects and was successfully implemented. We observed good construct validity and responsiveness to changes in CDAI among white subjects, English speakers, and privately insured patients. However, constructs evaluated by the PF10a were less correlated with clinical measures among Chinese speakers and Hispanic subjects, and less sensitive to clinical improvements among Medicaid patients and Spanish speakers.ConclusionWhile the PF10a has good measurement properties and is both practical and acceptable for implementation in routine clinical practice, we also found important differences across racial/ethnic groups and those with limited English proficiency that warrant further investigation.
High‐Performance Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors Realized by Molybdenum Dioxide@Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon and Copper Cobalt Sulfide Tubular Nanostructures
Authors: Liu Shude , Yin Ying , Hui Kwan San , Hui Kwun Nam , Lee Su Chan , Jun Seong Chan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFlexible quasi‐/all‐solid‐state supercapacitors have elicited scientific attention to fulfill the explosive demand for portable and wearable electronic devices. However, the use of electrode materials faces several challenges, such as intrinsically slow kinetics and volume change upon cycling, which impede the energy output and electrochemical stability. This study presents well‐aligned molybdenum dioxide@nitrogen‐doped carbon (MoO2@NC) and copper cobalt sulfide (CuCo2S4) tubular nanostructures grown on flexible carbon fiber for use as electrode materials in supercapacitors. Benefiting from the chemically stable interfaces, affluent active sites, and efficient 1D electron transport, the MoO2@NC and CuCo2S4 nanostructures integrated on conductive substrates deliver excellent electrochemical performance. A flexible quasi‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor composed of MoO2@NC as the negative electrode and CuCo2S4 as the positive electrode achieves an ultrahigh energy density of 65.1 W h kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1 and retains a favorable energy density of 27.6 W h kg−1 at an ultrahigh power density of 12.8 kW kg−1. Moreover, it demonstrates good cycling performance with 90.6% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles and excellent mechanical flexibility by enabling 92.2% capacitance retention after 2000 bending cycles. This study provides an effective strategy to develop electrode materials with superior electrochemical performance for flexible supercapacitors.
A genetic portrait of the South‐Eastern Carpathians based on autosomal short tandem repeats loci used in forensics
Authors: Benvisto Alessandro , Messina Francesco , Finocchio Andrea , Popa Luis , Stefan Mihaela , Stefanescu Gheorghe , Mironeanu Catalin , Novelletto Andrea , Rapone Cesare , Berti Andrea 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis work aimed to describe the genetic landscape of the Balkan Peninsula, as revealed by STR markers commonly used in forensics and spatial methods specifically developed for genetic data.MethodsWe generated and analyzed 16 short tandem repeats (STRs) autosomal genotypes in 287 subjects from ten administrative/geographical regions of Eastern Europe (Romania and the Republic of Moldova). We report estimates of the allele frequencies in these sub‐populations, their fixation indexes, and use these results to complement previous spatial analyses of Southern Europe.ResultsIn seven out of ten analyzed regional samples the heterozygosity, averaged across loci, was lower than expected. The average Fis was 0.011. Among the 16 loci, five returned a significant fixation index Fst. The composite Fst across the 16 loci, among the 10 regional samples, was 0.00417, a figure twice as large as that obtained with the same markers across the entire Northern Mediterranean. The first spatial principal component (sPC1) returned the picture of a Central‐European pattern of frequencies for the Carpathians, which extended to the Southern boundary of the Balkan Peninsula. However, the 8 alleles extracted by sPC1 returned a picture of a strong reduction of the migration rate in the Carpathian region, mostly between the inner locations.ConclusionsOur results revealed an unexpected heterogeneity in the area. We believe that populations from some regions will require treatment as distinct entities when considered in forensic applications.