bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deer do not affect short‐term rates of vegetation recovery in overwash fans on Fire Island after Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Kilheffer Chellby R. , Underwood H. Brian , Raphael Jordan , Ries Lindsay , Farrell Shannon , Leopold Donald J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Coastal resilience is threatened as storm‐induced disturbances become more frequent and intense with anticipated changes in regional climate. After severe storms, rapid recovery of vegetation, especially that of dune‐stabilizing plants, is a fundamental property of coastal resilience. Herbivores may affect resilience by foraging and trampling in disturbed areas. Consequently, assessing the impacts of herbivores on recovering vegetation is important for coastal land management.

We combined imagery classification, wildlife monitoring, and trend analysis to investigate effects of white‐tailed deer on recovery rates of vegetation four years poststorm in nine overwashed areas. We estimated local deer density with trail cameras, how it relates to an index of primary productivity, and assessed the relationship between deer density and rates of vegetation recovery in overwash fans.

Prestorm vegetation cover consisted of shrubs and sporadic patches of beach grass. Poststorm cover was dominated by beach grass. At current rates, vegetation coverage will return to prestorm conditions within the decade, though community transition from grasses to shrubs will take much longer and will vary by site with dune formation.

The effect of deer on rates of vegetation recovery was negative, but not statistically significant nor biologically compelling. Although effects of deer trampling on beach grass are evident in classified imagery, deer foraging on beach grass had little effect on its rate of spread throughout overwash fans.

While the rate of spread of the primary dune‐building grass was not deleteriously affected by deer, locally high deer densities will likely affect the future establishment and development of herbs and shrubs, which are generally more palatable to deer than beach grass.
Spatial, interannual, and generational sources of trait variability in a marine population
Authors: Ciannelli Lorenzo , Tolkova Irina , Lauth Robert , Puerta Patricia , Helser Thomas , Gitelman Alix , Thompson Grant 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLife‐history traits of individuals in marine populations exhibit large sources of variability. In marine fish, variation of individual size at a given age has three main components: (1) spatial, correlated with the location in which individuals are caught, (2) temporal, correlated with the time when individuals are caught, and (3) generational, correlated with the year of birth of the examined individuals. These variations, if present, have practical implications for individual fitness as well as for sampling, survey design, and population assessment. Disentangling these variations and understanding their sources is hard, given the potentially correlated nature of their effects on individual traits. This study examines the size‐at‐age relationship of the Bering Sea Pacific cod, an economically and ecologically important groundfish. We used extensive records spanning 1994 to 2016 (inclusive) of 25,213 observations of both environmental variables and catch, lengths, and ages. We found that the average size of individuals of the same age could differ up to 7 cm. Notably, we found that the cohort composition of the sampled population explained >75% of the year effect and that individuals caught in the northwest and shallower portion of the sampling area were on average 5 cm smaller than individuals caught in the southern and deeper portion. We further found that northwest movement of young cod (age 1–5) as a result of warming places individuals in areas where we predict them to have smaller size at age. Smaller and less conditioned individuals are less fecund and may not be able to perform long migrations to return to their distant spawning grounds. Both the spatial distribution and water temperature experienced by Pacific cod in the Bering Sea are changing, and this study provides a mechanism for how these changes affect Pacific cod life‐history traits and individual fitness.
Transcripto‐based network analysis reveals a model of gene activation in tongue squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Zeng Hao , Li Hui , Zhao Yunuo , Chen Linyan , Ma Xuelei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common malignant tumor derived from the oral cavity, yet its specific molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between potential genes and clinical features through constructing gene co‐expression networks.MethodsThe weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was used to construct gene co‐expression networks and to identify candidate key modules and hub genes. The gene expression profiles of GSE31056 obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to construct co‐expression networks.ResultsFive hub genes (FAP, AGTRAP, PLOD1, POSTN, and TSHZ3) were identified and validated at transcriptional levels. Moreover, the protein levels of these five hub genes were also found significantly higher in tumor tissues. Among them, FAP was most associated with immune infiltration.ConclusionsThese five candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets are worthy of further investigation and discussion.
Assessment of Non‐Uniform Sampling Schemes in Solid State NMR of Bacteriophage Viruses
Authors: Porat Gal , Goldbourt Amir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe set of tools offered to NMR spectroscopists has been greatly expanded in the last decades with the development of computer processing power. It has facilitated the use of non‐Fourier transform reconstruction algorithms, leading to the ability to acquire data using non‐uniform sampling. Its use in solid‐state NMR, especially for biological systems, emerges as the next leap toward the analysis and structure prediction of large proteins. Here we applied various non‐uniform sampling schemes to assess their performance towards a three‐dimensional N−C−C correlation experiment aimed to assign chemical shifts in the coat protein of an intact filamentous bacteriophage fd virus. We show that using the sparse multidimensional iterative lineshape‐enhanced (SMILE) reconstruction algorithm, biased sampling increases signal‐to‐noise without compromising linewidths and accuracy of chemical shift determination.
The relationship between perceived interpersonal competence and self‐disclosure in an online context: The moderating role of shyness
Authors: Mısır Selin , Demir Ayhan , Koydemir Selda 
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the reported level of self‐disclosure in online communication and understand the relationship between perceived interpersonal competence and self‐disclosure in an online context, taking into account the moderating role of shyness. The study sample consists of university students (N = 585). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses revealed that, controlling for participants' online media use, shyness moderated the relationship between online self‐disclosure and perceived interpersonal competence. Moderation results showed that the relationship between online self‐disclosure and perceived interpersonal competence was weaker for individuals with higher levels of shyness, and stronger for those with moderate or low scores on the shyness measure. The study's implications and contributions to the existing literature are discussed.
Integrated purification of a nanobody using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Capto MMC
Authors: Fan Xiying , Liang Yunlong , Li Fei , Yu Jianli , Song Haipeng , Feng Dongxiao , Xian Mo , Liu Wenshuai , Nian Rui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrently, nanobodies are undergoing intensive studies due to their characteristics of nanoscale size, high affinity and specificity, and deep tissue penetration. The development of novel and simplified methods to purify nanobodies is required because high purity and high recovery are the limiting factors for the downstream preparation of nanobodies.RESULTSIn this study, ammonium sulfate precipitation (ASP) and electropositive multimodal chromatography (Capto MMC) were integrated for tag‐free nanobody (2D5) purification. ASP was our first choice for protein purification because the process is simple, easy to operate, and has low cost. ASP achieved a 36% reduction in Escherichia coli host cell proteins (HCPs), a 99.1% reduction in E. coli host cell DNA, and an 85.1% reduction in endotoxins with a recovery of 81.7% and a purity enhancement from 6.2% to 73.9%. Capto MMC was seamlessly integrated for 2D5 purification. The recovery of this step was 83.0%. The entire two‐step purification platform yielded 2D5 with 397 ppm of HCPs, 198 ppb of DNA, 204 EU/mL of endotoxins, and total protein recovery of 67.8%. The purity of 2D5 was 97.5%. The purification method was also used to purify a nanobody against PD‐L1 (KPU) with 97.7% purity, > 95.7% recovery, 223 ppm of HCPs, 634 ppb of DNA and 154 EU/mL of endotoxins.CONCLUSIONThe established method had no effect on the affinity of 2D5. A simple and efficient purification platform that integrates ASP and Capto MMC was established, providing a more promising alternative to the conventional affinity chromatography‐based nanobody purification strategy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Applicability of multifunctional preprocessing device for simultaneous estimation of spreading of green tea, withering of black tea and shaking of oolong tea
Authors: Ren Guangxin , Fan Qiye , He Xuejun , Li Wencui , Tang Xiaolin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPreprocessing technologies of fresh tea leaves have a great influence on tea quality. A multifunctional preprocessing device for tea raw materials has been designed and utilized as a novel item of equipment to synchronously meet the process needs of spreading of green tea, withering of black tea and shaking of oolong tea.RESULTSThe preprocessing parameters of fresh tea leaves for spreading of green tea, withering of black tea and shaking of oolong tea were optimized by orthogonal experiments. Sensory assessment combined with statistical tools was employed as an analytical method to evaluate the pretreatment effect of processing different sorts of tea. The range analysis and variance analysis of tea sensory evaluation combined with chemical components (total polyphenols, free amino acids and soluble sugar) showed that A3B2C3 (70%, 25 °C, 8 h), A1B3C1 (60%, 28 °C, 18 h) and A1B1C3 (5 min, 20 °C, discontinuous leaf turning c) were considered to be the optimum schemes for the best pretreatment conditions of the above three major processing types of tea, respectively. The verification experiment of the proposed schemes was performed with satisfactory performance.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that a multifunctional preprocessing device for fresh tea leaves can be successfully applied to simultaneously estimate spreading of green tea, withering of black tea and shaking of oolong tea. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of drying on the native tocopherol and phytosterol content of Sinapis alba L. seeds
Authors: Gawrysiak‐Witulska Marzena , Siger Aleksander , Rudzińska Magdalena , Bartkowiak‐Broda Iwona 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPostharvest processing, including drying, has a significant effect on the processability of oil crop seeds. High drying air temperature may significantly affect the levels of bioactive compounds in plant raw materials. We decided to investigate the subject given the lack of data on the drying of mustard seeds. The aim was to determine the effect of drying temperature on free fatty acid, phytosterol and tocopherol levels in the oil obtained from white mustard seeds. Seeds were dried in a thin layer at 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 °C. Changes in phytosterol levels were assessed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and changes in tocopherol levels by high‐performance liquid chromatography.RESULTSThe analysis showed that, upon completion of air drying at 40–100 °C, losses of sterols did not exceed 5%, while upon completion of drying at 120 °C and 140 °C these losses amounted to 17–50%. Our investigation also showed that during drying of white mustard seed the total tocopherol levels increased, and the higher the drying temperature, the greater the increment. In seeds air‐dried at 120 °C and 140 °C, the increase in tocopherol amounted to 7–9%.CONCLUSIONWe also showed that the temperature of the drying agent significantly affects the tocopherol and phytosterol levels. It was found that a maximum temperature of 100 °C provides optimal drying conditions for mustard seeds. Principal component analysis identified two subgroups of oils obtained from seeds dried at 120 °C and 140 °C, which differed considerably from the other samples in terms of their bioactive component contents. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Gender Differences in Threat Biases: Trauma Type Matters in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Cowden Hindash Alexandra H. , Lujan Callan , Howard Meghan , O'Donovan Aoife , Richards Anne , Neylan Thomas C. , Inslicht Sabra S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWomen are diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at twice the rate of men. This gender difference may be related to differences in PTSD experiences (e.g., more hypervigilance in women) or types of trauma experienced (e.g., interpersonal trauma). We examined whether attentional threat biases were associated with gender, PTSD diagnosis, and/or trauma type. Participants were 70 civilians and veterans (38 women, 32 men; 41 with PTSD, 29 without PTSD) assessed with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐IV who completed a facial dot‐probe attention bias task and self‐report measures of psychiatric symptoms and trauma history. Factorial ANOVA and regression models examined associations between gender, PTSD diagnosis, index trauma type, lifetime traumatic experiences, and attentional threat biases. Results revealed that compared to women without PTSD and men both with and without PTSD, women with PTSD demonstrated attentional biases toward threatening facial expressions, d = 1.19, particularly fearful expressions, d = 0.74. Psychiatric symptoms or early/lifetime trauma did not account for these attentional biases. Biases were related to interpersonal assault index traumas, ηp2 = .13, especially sexual assault, d = 1.19. Trauma type may be an important factor in the development of attentional threat biases, which theoretically interfere with trauma recovery. Women may be more likely to demonstrate attentional threat biases due to higher likelihood of interpersonal trauma victimization rather than due to gender‐specific psychobiological pathways. Future research is necessary to clarify if sexual assault alone or in combination with gender puts individuals at higher risk of developing PTSD.
Finite‐Dimensional Bistable Topological Insulators: From Small to Large
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Chen Xianfeng , Kartashov Yaroslav V. , Skryabin Dmitry V. , Ye Fangwei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhotonic topological insulators supporting unidirectional topologically protected edge states represent an attractive platform for the realization of disorder‐ and backscattering‐immune transport of edge excitations in both linear and nonlinear regimes. While the properties of the edge states at unclosed interfaces of two bulk media with different topologies are known, the existence of edge states in practical finite‐dimensional topological insulators fully immersed in a nontopological environment remains largely unexplored. In this work, using realistic polariton topological insulators built from small‐size honeycomb arrays of microcavity pillars as an example, it is shown how topological properties of the system build up upon gradual increase of its dimensionality. To account for the dissipative nature of the polariton condensate forming in the array of microcavity pillars, the impact of losses and resonant pump leading to rich bistability effects in this system is considered. The mechanism is described in accordance with which trivial‐phase pump “selects” and excites specific nonlinear topological edge states circulating along the periphery of the structure in the azimuthal direction, dictated by the direction of the external applied magnetic field. The possibility of utilization of vortex pump with different topological charges for selective excitation of different edge currents is also shown.
Machine learning assistance for electrochemical curve simulation of corrosion and its application
Authors: Gong Xiaoyu , Dong Chaofang , Xu Jiajin , Wang Li , Li Xiaogang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we used machine learning algorithms such as k‐nearest neighbour, decision tree, gradient boosting decision tree, random forest, and support vector machine in a scikit‐learn module of Python to construct polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra. After application of this method to a high‐level nuclear waste disposal tank material of pure copper, the polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectra of pure copper under different chloride ion concentrations, sulfide concentrations, and temperature environments were used as training sets. The combination of the cross‐validation and experimental validation results revealed that the RF algorithm had the best effect on predicting the polarization curve and EIS. Through the input weight analysis, it was found that the sulfide concentration had the greatest influence on the polarization curve, followed by the chloride ion concentration, and the temperature influence was the smallest. For electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, sulfide and temperature had a large effect, while chloride ions had little effect. The result of the weight analysis was consistent with traditional electrochemical results.
Screening of antagonistic strains of respiratory origin and analysis of their bacteriostatic effects on pathogens
Authors: Li Xinming , Yang Biao , Sun Ye , Li Shuyin , Liu Defeng , Zou Yang , Xiao Chunling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo find antagonistic strains in the respiratory tract having bacteriostatic properties against common pathogens.MethodsThe oropharyngeal microbiota of five healthy children aged 4–6 years were collected and α‐hemolytic bacteria screened on 15% sheep blood agar. Bacteriostatic effects of the isolated α‐hemolytic bacteria on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes were evaluated by the Oxford cup method. Antagonistic strains were identified by mass spectrometry, and the16S rDNAs were sequenced, and their best bacteriostatic concentrations and antagonistic spectra for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter Baumanii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes were evaluated.ResultsOf 300 isolated α‐hemolytic bacterial clones, four exhibited bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed that two of them were Streptococcus mitis and two others were Streptococcus parasanguinis strains. Further tests showed that all 4 antagonistic strains also had bacteriostatic effects on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter cloacae, and Acinetobacter Baumanii, and the mode of action was not mediated by lactic acid production.ConclusionFour antagonistic Streptococcus strains derived from oropharyngeal microbiotas showed bacteriostatic effects on pathogens and may be involved in pharyngeal microbiome homeostasis.
Dietary Protein Sources Differentially Affect the Growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and Maintenance of the Gut Mucus Barrier in Mice
Authors: Zhao Fan , Zhou Guanghong , Liu Xinyue , Song Shangxin , Xu Xinglian , Hooiveld Guido , Müller Michael , Liu Li , Kristiansen Karsten , Li Chunbao 
Published: October 2019

ScopeThe gut microbiota plays an essential role in linking diet to host health. The specific role of different dietary proteins on the gut microbiota and health is less understood. Here, the impact of proteins derived from chicken and soy on the gut microbiota and host gut barrier in C57BL/6 mice is investigated.Methods and resultsSpecific‐pathogen‐free and germ‐free mice are assigned to either a chicken‐ or a soy protein‐based diet for 4 weeks. Compared with a chicken‐protein‐based diet, intake of a soy‐protein‐based diet reduces the abundance of A. muciniphila and the number of goblet cells, lowers the level of Muc2 mRNA, and decreases the thickness of the mucus layer in the colon of specific‐pathogen‐free mice. In germ‐free mice, colonization with A. muciniphila combined with intake of a chicken‐protein‐based diet results in a higher expression of the Muc2 mRNA in colon, and surprisingly, an increased potential for oxidative phosphorylation in A. muciniphila compared with colonized mice fed a soy‐protein‐based diet.ConclusionThese findings suggest possible mutually beneficial interactions between the growth and function of A. muciniphila and host mucus barrier in response to intake of a chicken‐protein‐based diet contrasting the intake of a soy‐protein‐based diet.
Clinical myopathy in patients with nephropathic cystinosis
Authors: Sadjadi Reza , Sullivan Stacey , Grant Natalie , Thomas Susan E. , Doyle Maya , Hammond Colleen , Duong Rachel , Corre Camille , David William , Eichler Florian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundNephropathic cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disorder. Patient survival years after renal transplantation has revealed systemic complications including distal myopathy and dysphagia.MethodsWe evaluated 20 adult patients with nephropathic cystinosis using patient‐reported and clinical outcome measures. Standard motor measures, video fluoroscopy swallow studies, and tests of respiratory function were performed. We also used Rasch analysis of an initial survey to design a 16‐item survey focused on upper and lower extremity function, which was completed by 31 additional patients.ResultsDistal myopathy and dysphagia were common in patients with nephropathic cystinosis. Muscle weakness ranges from mild involvement of intrinsic hand muscles to prominent distal greater than proximal weakness and contractures.ConclusionsIn addition to further characterization of underlying dysphagia and muscle weakness, we propose a new psychometrically devised, disease specific, functional outcome measures for distal myopathy in patients with nephropathic cystinosis.
Thigh muscle MRI findings in myopathy associated with anti‐mitochondrial antibody
Authors: Minamiyama Sumio , Ueda Sakiho , Nakashima Ran , Yamakado Hodaka , Sakato Yusuke , Yamashita Hirofumi , Sawamoto Nobukatsu , Fujimoto Ryota , Nishino Ichizo , Urushitani Makoto , Mimori Tsuneyo , Takahashi Ryosuke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionMyopathy associated with anti‐mitochondrial antibody (AMA) has recently been characterized as a distinct type of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pattern of involvement in thigh muscles in AMA myopathy using MRI.MethodsSix patients with AMA myopathy were identified and their muscle MRI findings evaluated.ResultsOn thigh muscle MRI, all six patients showed high signal intensity with short‐tau inversion recovery that reflected disease activity mostly in the adductor magnus, called a “cuneiform sign.” Fatty degeneration was also prominent in the adductor magnus, as well as the semimembranosus muscles.DiscussionThese characteristic changes on MRI contrast with those of other inflammatory myopathies. From these observations, we concluded that the localization pattern of the inflammatory changes in muscle MRI can contribute to the diagnosis of AMA myopathy.