bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnicity-specific cut-offs that predict co-morbidities: the way forward for optimal utility of obesity indicators
Authors: Kapoor Nitin , Furler John , Paul Thomas V. , Thomas Nihal , Oldenburg Brian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObesity indicators are useful clinical tools in the measurement of obesity, but it is important for clinicians to appropriately interpret their values in individuals with different ethnicities. Future research is needed to identify optimal cut-offs that can predict the occurrence of cardio-metabolic comorbidities in individuals of different ethnic descent. Assessment of more recently developed indicators like the Edmonton Obesity Staging System and visceral adipose tissue are able to appropriately identify metabolically at-risk individuals.
The effect of smartphone-based monitoring on illness activity in bipolar disorder: the MONARCA II randomized controlled single-blinded trial
Authors: Faurholt-Jepsen Maria , Frost Mads , Christensen Ellen Margrethe , Bardram Jakob E. , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the MONARCA I randomized controlled trial (RCT) was the first to investigate the effect of smartphone-based monitoring in bipolar disorder (BD). Findings suggested that smartphone-based monitoring sustained depressive but reduced manic symptoms. The present RCT investigated the effect of a new smartphone-based system on the severity of depressive and manic symptoms in BD.MethodsRandomized controlled single-blind parallel-group trial. Patients with BD, previously treated at The Copenhagen Clinic for Affective Disorder, Denmark and currently treated at community psychiatric centres, private psychiatrists or GPs were randomized to the use of a smartphone-based system or to standard treatment for 9 months. Primary outcomes: differences in depressive and manic symptoms between the groups.ResultsA total of 129 patients with BD (ICD-10) were included. Intention-to-treat analyses showed no statistically significant effect of smartphone-based monitoring on depressive (B = 0.61, 95% CI −0.77 to 2.00, p = 0.38) and manic (B = −0.25, 95% CI −1.1 to 0.59, p = 0.56) symptoms. The intervention group reported higher quality of life and lower perceived stress compared with the control group. In sub-analyses, the intervention group had higher risk of depressive episodes, but lower risk of manic episodes compared with the control group.ConclusionsThere was no effect of smartphone-based monitoring. In patient-reported outcomes, patients in the intervention group reported improved quality of life and reduced perceived stress. Patients in the intervention group had higher risk of depressive episodes and reduced risk of manic episodes. Despite the widespread use and excitement of electronic monitoring, few studies have investigated possible effects. Further studies are needed.
Gauging the South China Sea: Route Books (genglubu) since 1974
Authors: Kurz Johannes L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis research report traces the history of route books (genglubu) from their chance discovery in 1974. It assesses the credibility of these practical nautical guide books as historical sources employed by official agencies in mainland China to claim permanent Chinese occupation of islands in the South China Sea. The route books of Hainan fishermen have a rather short history, having been laid down in writing only in the early 20th century. As contemporary practical nautical guides, they complement the established order of pre-modern Chinese texts used in official publications to describe the South China Sea as historical Chinese territory.
APPLICATIONS OF INVOLUTIVE HEEGAARD FLOER HOMOLOGY
Authors: Hendricks Kristen , Hom Jennifer , Lidman Tye 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe use Heegaard Floer homology to define an invariant of homology cobordism. This invariant is isomorphic to a summand of the reduced Heegaard Floer homology of a rational homology sphere equipped with a spin structure and is analogous to Stoffregen’s connected Seiberg–Witten Floer homology. We use this invariant to study the structure of the homology cobordism group and, along the way, compute the involutive correction terms $\bar{d}$ and $\text{}\underline{d}$ for certain families of three-manifolds.
Variance Components Models for Analysis of Big Family Data of Health Outcomes in the Lifelines Cohort Study
Authors: Demetrashvili Nino , Smidt Nynke , Snieder Harold , van den Heuvel Edwin R. , Wit Ernst C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLarge multigenerational cohort studies offer powerful ways to study the hereditary effects on various health outcomes. However, accounting for complex kinship relations in big data structures can be methodologically challenging. The traditional kinship model is computationally infeasible when considering thousands of individuals. In this article, we propose a computationally efficient alternative that employs fractional relatedness of family members through a series of founding members. The primary goal of this study is to investigate whether the effect of determinants on health outcome variables differs with and without accounting for family structure. We compare a fixed-effects model without familial effects with several variance components models that account for heritability and shared environment structure. Our secondary goal is to apply the fractional relatedness model in a realistic setting. Lifelines is a three-generation cohort study investigating the biological, behavioral, and environmental determinants of healthy aging. We analyzed a sample of 89,353 participants from 32,452 reconstructed families. Our primary conclusion is that the effect of determinants on health outcome variables does not differ with and without accounting for family structure. However, accounting for family structure through fractional relatedness allows for estimating heritability in a computationally efficient way, showing some interesting differences between physical and mental quality of life heritability. We have shown through simulations that the proposed fractional relatedness model performs better than the standard kinship model, not only in terms of computational time and convenience of fitting using standard functions in R, but also in terms of bias of heritability estimates and coverage.
umx: Twin and Path-Based Structural Equation Modeling in R
Authors: Bates Timothy C. , Maes Hermine , Neale Michael C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStructural equation modeling (SEM) is an important research tool, both for path-based model specification (common in the social sciences) and also for matrix-based models (in heavy use in behavior genetics). We developed umx to give more immediate access, relatively concise syntax and helpful defaults for users in these two broad disciplines. umx supports development, modification and comparison of models, as well as both graphical and tabular outputs. The second major focus of umx, behavior genetic models, is supported via functions implementing standard multigroup twin models. These functions support raw and covariance data, including joint ordinal data, and give solutions for ACE models, including support for covariates, common- and independent-pathway models, and gene × environment interaction models. A tutorial site and question forum are also available.
Interplate Slip Following the 2003 Tokachi‐oki Earthquake From Ocean Bottom Pressure Gauge and Land GNSS Data
Authors: Itoh Yuji , Nishimura Takuya , Ariyoshi Keisuke , Matsumoto Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPreseismic, coseismic, and 7.5 years of postseismic deformation of the 2003Mw8.0 Tokachi‐oki earthquake are modeled using land Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data and two ocean bottom pressure gauges (OBP) using viscoelastic Green's functions. The postseismic slip distribution is shown to not overlap with the main shock or the source regions of past large earthquakes along the southern part of the Kurile trench. The preseismic locking is estimated in the coseismic and postseismic slip regions using the same plate interface geometry. The temporal evolution of the postseismic slip is described with a single logarithmic function. The slip is shown to decay faster updip of the coseismic slip region compared to the downdip extension. Sustained postseismic slip indicates that the interplate locking in the postseismic slip region had not fully recovered to the pre‐2003 status in the 7.5 year analyzed period. Postseismic slip history also indicates rapid recovery of locking in the coseismic slip region. We examined the constraint of the OBP time series for the postseismic deformation modeling and found that the observed uplift at the OBP sites requires small postseismic slip near the trench, where a tsunamigenicM9 earthquake occurred in the seventeenth century. Uplift at the OBP sites does not constrain the absolute slip magnitude between the updip and downdip sides of the OBP sites but requires the slip in the updip side to be smaller than that in the downdip side. Our model describes transient postseismic deformation observed by both land GNSS and OBP.
Seasonal Flooding Causes Intensification of the River Breeze in the Central Amazon
Authors: Santos Mercel J. , Medvigy David , Silva Dias Maria A. F. , Freitas Edmilson D. , Kim Hyungjun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the central Amazon, surrounding Manaus City, Brazil, the landscape dominated by forest and water bodies supports development of river breezes. Seasonal inundations modify this local scenery affecting, consequently, the local circulations. However, this effect has not properly been investigated yet. Thus, we carried out numerical experiments for a river breeze case to investigate the seasonal flooding effect on the river breeze and detail the processes involved in the river breeze development. In the numerical experiments, we ran the Catchment‐Based Macro‐scale Floodplain (CaMa‐Flood) model to simulate flooding depth and extent and used the CaMa‐Flood outputs to force the Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Model. The seasonal flooding alters the surface energy partitioning causing a temperature decrease over the river region and intensification of the river breezes in the daytime. The intensified river breezes propagate more rapidly through the upland region, take longer to dissipate and promote stronger upward vertical motion altering the heat and mass transport. These novel findings are fundamentally important to the understanding of the local climate variability of the central Amazon. We can infer that river breezes and its consequence to local climate are less (more) pronounced in drought (wet) years.
Training Pediatric Residents in Behavioral Health Collaboration: Roles, Evaluation, and Advocacy for Pediatric Psychologists
Authors: Shahidullah Jeffrey D. , Kettlewell Paul W. , Green Cori M. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: This commentary describes the current state of pediatric resident training in behavioral health and highlights specific pediatric residency training modalities that may be facilitated or enhanced by involvement of pediatric psychologists. Method: Several calls to action have been made recently by pediatrics organizations around the need to improve behavioral health training in residency programs. A growing body of literature suggests that behavioral health clinicians’ involvement in pediatric residency training, particularly in the context of the integrated behavioral health (IBH) model, is highly valued and sought after by residency program training directors as a mechanism to improve behavioral health competencies and collaboration. This literature base is reviewed through the lens of potential applications by pediatric psychologists. Results: Incorporating pediatric psychologists into the day-to-day training and functioning of pediatric residents through didactic as well as clinical service exposure has been recommended as a means to facilitate learning enhancement in behavioral health service delivery and team-based care. Conclusion: Systematic evaluation and advocacy on behalf of pediatric psychologists’ involvement in pediatric residency training in behavioral health is a timely next step in addressing a recognized need in the field of pediatrics. Implications for Impact Statement Primary care pediatricians often function as first line providers for behavioral health concerns, despite reporting a lack of training in this area during residency. Pediatric psychologists may be uniquely positioned to facilitate and/or enhance primary care pediatrician competencies in managing behavioral health concerns, particularly when practicing as a team in the context of an integrated behavioral health (IBH) model through enhanced camaraderie and communication, shared treatment plans, and efficient team work. Delineating roles and evaluating outcomes demonstrating enhanced learning associated with those roles is a timely step in advocating for the added value that pediatric psychologists offer to pediatrics residency training programs.
Caregiver Perspectives on Psychosocial Care in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT)
Authors: Kazak Anne E. , Swain Avi Madan , Pai Ahna L. H. , Canter Kimberly , Carlson Olivia , Vega Gabriela , Joffe Naomi , Deatrick Janet 
Published: April 2019

Objective: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is an intensive treatment with known psychosocial effects throughout treatment and beyond. This study reports how caregivers of children undergoing HCT describe the psychosocial care that their family received and which elements they found most helpful. Method: Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 parents of children who had HCT, purposefully selected based on varying levels of psychosocial risk, 4 from each of 3 study institutions. Constant comparative analysis was used to identify themes as part of an iterative analytic process. Participants also completed a card sort, and count data were calculated to identify psychosocial care preferences. Results: Four themes were identified: (a) Social support is essential across the transplant process; (b) care should be offered to the whole family; (c) access to and communication with an interdisciplinary team is essential; and (d) care should be sensitive to financial burden experienced by the family. Participants strongly endorsed interventions addressing anxiety and traumatic stress in caregivers during and after HCT. Conclusions: The themes reflect parents’ profound psychosocial needs. The interventions they selected reflect diverse approaches and inform the development of clinical pathways for patients undergoing HCT and their families. The findings highlight important clinical practice implications, including the need for universal psychosocial risk screening, the provision of systematic care starting at the universal level, and care pathways that outline treatments for families with higher and more specific areas of risk. Implications for Impact Statement Children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and their families have significant psychosocial needs throughout the course of treatment and beyond. This article presents the perspectives of caregivers on key elements of psychosocial care and specific intervention approaches.
The assessment of cadmium, chromium, copper, and nickel tolerance and bioaccumulation by shrub plant Tetraena qataranse
Authors: Usman Kamal , Al-Ghouti Mohammad A. , Abu-Dieyeh Mohammed H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHeavy metals constitute some of the most significant environmental contaminants today. The abundance of naturally growingTetraena qataransearound Ras Laffan oil and gas facilities in the state of Qatar reflects its toxitolerant character. This study examined the desert plant’s tolerance to Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb relative to soil concentration. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) showed that the plant biomass accumulates higher Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni concentration than the soil, particularly in the root. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of all metals in the root and shoot indicates the plant’s capacity to accumulate these metals. Cd had a translocation factor (TF) greater than one; however, it is less than one for all other metals, suggesting that the plant remediate Cd by phytoextraction, where it accumulates in the shoot and Cr, Cu and Ni through phytostabilization, concentrating the metals in the root. Metals phytostabilization restrict transport, shield animals from toxic species ingestion, and consequently prevent transmission across the food chain. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis further corroborates ICP-OES quantitative data. Our results suggest thatT. qataranseis tolerant of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni. Potentially, these metals can accumulate at higher concentration than shown here; hence,T. qataranseis a suitable candidate for toxic metals phytostabilization.
Molecular Characterization and Comparative Genomics of Clinical Hybrid Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC/ETEC) Strains in Sweden
Authors: Bai Xiangning , Zhang Ji , Ambikan Anoop , Jernberg Cecilia , Ehricht Ralf , Scheutz Flemming , Xiong Yanwen , Matussek Andreas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHybrid E. coli pathotypes are representing emerging public health threats with enhanced virulence from different pathotypes. Hybrids of Shiga toxin-producing and enterotoxigenic E. coli (STEC/ETEC) have been reported to be associated with diarrheal disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. Here, we identified and characterized four clinical STEC/ETEC hybrids from diarrheal patients with or without fever or abdominal pain and healthy contact in Sweden. Rare stx2 subtypes were present in STEC/ETEC hybrids. Stx2 production was detectable in stx2a and stx2e containing strains. Different copies of ETEC virulence marker, sta gene, were found in two hybrids. Three sta subtypes, namely, sta1, sta4 and sta5 were designated, with sta4 being predominant. The hybrids represented diverse and rare serotypes (O15:H16, O187:H28, O100:H30, and O136:H12). Genome-wide phylogeny revealed that these hybrids exhibited close relatedness with certain ETEC, STEC/ETEC hybrid and commensal E. coli strains, implying the potential acquisition of Stx-phages or/and ETEC virulence genes in the emergence of STEC/ETEC hybrids. Given the emergence and public health significance of hybrid pathotypes, a broader range of virulence markers should be considered in the E. coli pathotypes diagnostics, and targeted follow up of cases is suggested to better understand the hybrid infection.
Localised anthropogenic wake generates a predictable foraging hotspot for top predators
Authors: Lieber Lilian , Nimmo-Smith W. Alex M. , Waggitt James J. , Kregting Louise 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWith rapid expansion of offshore renewables, a broader perspective on their ecological implications is timely to predict marine predator responses to environmental change. Strong currents interacting with man-made structures can generate complex three-dimensional wakes that can make prey more accessible. Whether localised wakes from man-made structures can generate predictable foraging hotspots for top predators is unknown. Here we address this question by quantifying the relative use of an anthropogenically-generated wake by surface foraging seabirds, verified using drone transects and hydroacoustics. We show that the wake of a tidal energy structure promotes a localised and persistent foraging hotspot, with seabird numbers greatly exceeding those at adjacent natural wake features. The wake mixes material throughout the water column, potentially acting like a prey conveyer belt. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying the physical scales and mechanisms underlying predator hotspot formation when assessing the ecological consequences of installing or removing anthropogenic structures.
Auditory-Perceptual Rating of Connected Speech in Aphasia
Authors: Casilio Marianne , Rising Kindle , Beeson Pélagie M. , Bunton Kate , Wilson Stephen M. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Auditory-perceptual assessment, in which trained listeners rate a large number of perceptual features of speech samples, is the gold standard for the differential diagnosis of motor speech disorders. The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying a similar, formalized auditory-perceptual approach to the assessment of language deficits in connected speech samples from individuals with aphasia.

Method
Twenty-seven common features of connected speech in aphasia were defined, each of which was rated on a 5-point scale. Three experienced researchers evaluated 24 connected speech samples from the AphasiaBank database, and 12 student clinicians evaluated subsets of 8 speech samples each. We calculated interrater reliability for each group of raters and investigated the validity of the auditory-perceptual approach by comparing feature ratings to related quantitative measures derived from transcripts and clinical measures, and by examining patterns of feature co-occurrence.

Results
Most features were rated with good-to-excellent interrater reliability by researchers and student clinicians. Most features demonstrated strong concurrent validity with respect to quantitative connected speech measures computed from AphasiaBank transcripts and/or clinical aphasia battery subscores. Factor analysis showed that 4 underlying factors, which we labeled Paraphasia, Logopenia, Agrammatism, and Motor Speech, accounted for 79% of the variance in connected speech profiles. Examination of individual patients' factor scores revealed striking diversity among individuals classified with a given aphasia type.

Conclusion
Auditory-perceptual rating of connected speech in aphasia shows potential to be a comprehensive, efficient, reliable, and valid approach for characterizing connected speech in aphasia.
Wie geht man mit dem Sterbewunsch eines psychisch kranken Patienten um, der bei einem Verein für Sterbehilfe angemeldet ist?
Authors: Spitzer Ursula S. , Linnemann Christoph 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen liegen in Deutschland und in der Schweiz die gleichen Kenntnisse über Pathogenese und Wirkmechanismus der jeweiligen Therapieoptionen zugrunde. Unterschiede im ärztlichen Handeln ergeben sich aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltung einiger Rechtsnormen, wobei die Möglichkeit in der Schweiz, das Leben auch mit Beihilfe Dritter beenden zu dürfen, einen wesentlichen Unterschied darstellt. Dies ist weder in Deutschland noch weltweit anderswo legal. Durch Inanspruchnahme eines Laien, der bereit ist, aktiv Sterbehilfe zu leisten, ist es in der Schweiz rechtlich möglich, den Todeszeitpunkt selbst zu bestimmen. Die Beihilfe zum Suizid, wenn sie nicht aus selbstsüchtigen Beweggründen erfolgt ist, ist nach Artikel 115 des Strafgesetzbuches straffrei. Die Anzahl der in der Schweiz erfolgten Suizide hat in den letzten 30 Jahren abgenommen auf 1029 Fälle im Jahr 2014. Zugleich ist die Anzahl der assistierten Suizide auf zuletzt knapp 1000 Fälle pro Jahr angestiegen. Mittlerweile gibt es mehrere Vereine, die eine Sterbebegleitung für Schweizer und Nicht-Schweizer anbieten, wobei meistens eine somatische Erkrankung ursächlich für den Sterbewunsch ist. Bei 3 % ist jedoch eine Depression die zugrunde liegende Erkrankung, und psychiatrische Gutachten werden durchgeführt, um die Urteilsfähigkeit attestieren zu können. Dabei wird grundsätzlich zunächst davon ausgegangen, dass eine Person urteilsfähig ist. Die Urteilsunfähigkeit muss aktiv zugesprochen bzw. bewiesen werden, was beim gutachterlich tätigen Psychiater, der Suizidalität als Symptom psychiatrischer Erkrankungen ansonsten behandelt, aufgrund seiner beruflichen Erfahrungen eine Voreingenommenheit bewirken kann, die schon vor der Begutachtung besteht und diese wesentlich beeinflusst.