bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Descriptive Study of Length of Stay at an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Shukla Kasturi , Chandrashekhar Priyadarshini , Kumar Nirmal , Devade Pradnya K 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Background and aims
As intensive care units (ICUs) are very resource intensive, length of stay (LOS) is of prime importance. This study was done to analyze the LOS in different ICUs and analyze it against a set benchmark.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study was conducted from April to June 2013 on patients admitted during January to March 2013 in the neurosurgery ICU (NICU), medical ICU (MICU), high dependency unit (HDU) and isolation ICU of a large multispecialty hospital in Pune (India). As per the quality manual of the hospital, benchmark LOS was considered as 3.08 days for ICU. Mean and median LOS was analyzed through Student's t and Chi-square test; proportion of short (<2 days) and long stay (>4 days) patients was also computed.

Results
Out of 835 patients admitted to the NICU, MICU, HDU and Isolation ICU, the overall mean LOS was 3.37 ± 5.54 days which was statistically significant at a p-value <0.001 (t = 17.58, 95% CI 3-3.75). The overall mean LOS was higher than the benchmarked 3.08 days but still within the optimal range of 2 to 4 days. Mean LOS was statistically significant when tested for department-wise variations with a Chi-value of 173.56 (p-value < 0.001, LR = 113.75). Highest mean LOS was observed for isolation ICU and lowest for MICU. 360 (43.1%) were short stay, 141(16.8%) were long stay and remaining were optimal stay patients.

Conclusion
The mean LOS for the ICUs varied significantly across the type of ICUs which needs to be continuously monitored. Mean LOS variation across ICU type indicates need for separate benchmarks.

How to cite this article
Shukla K, Chandrashekhar P, Kumar N, Devade PK. A Descriptive Study of Length of Stay at an Intensive Care Unit. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(1):29-32.
Adverse Drug Reaction Policy in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Aggarwal V , Gupta Shakti Kumar , Sharma DK , Arya S , Singh S 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and contribute to the incidence of adverse events, resulting in increased healthcare costs. Healthcare providers need to understand their role and responsibility in the detection, management, documentation, and reporting of ADRs. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines regarding the procedure of reporting ADRs to hospital authority. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between April and August 2013. The study population included doctors, nursing personnel, paramedical staff and quality managers of tertiary care hospital from one public and two private hospitals. Interaction was done with study population against the back drop of the checklist and ADR policy was formulated.

How to cite this article
Singh S, Gupta SK, Arya S, Sharma DK, Aggarwal V. Adverse Drug Reaction Policy in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015; 3(1):41-47.
Incidence Rates of Healthcare-associated Infections in Hospitals: A Multicenter, Pooled Patient Data Analysis in India
Authors: Chakravarthy Murali , Sengupta Sharmila , Singh Sanjeev , Munshi Neeta , Jose Tency , Chhaya Vatsal 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to collect the multicenter data of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) to assess the infection control scenario in India in context with CDC/NHSN and INICC database.

Materials and methods
Four National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Health Care Providers (NABH) accredited hospitals were selected on random basis and raw data on healthcare-associated infections—number of days and number of infections in all intensive care patients was obtained as per the CDC-NHSN definitions and formula. Three major device related infections were considered for analysis based on the prevalence of HAIs and discussions with subject matter experts. All nodal champions from each hospital were trained and common data collection sheet for surveillance in accordance to CDC-NHSN was formed. The pooled means for HAI rates and average of the pooled means for all were calculated using data from four hospitals and were compared with CDC/NHSN and international nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) percentiles of HAIs rates.

Results
The Indian pooled mean HAI rates for all infections were above CDC/NHSN percentile threshold but below INICC percentile. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was considered as matter of prime concern, crossing P90 line of CDC/NHSN threshold. However, no HAI rate was in limit of P25.

Conclusion
Indian HAI rates were higher when mapped with CDC threshold. This promotes the need for more standardized and evidence-based protocols been adhered to so as to bring HAI within CDC/NHSN thresholds. However, the four hospitals have better HAI rates as compared to pooled INICC database.

How to cite this article
Singh S, Chakravarthy M, Sengupta S, Munshi N, Jose T, Chhaya V. Incidence Rates of Healthcareassociated Infections in Hospitals: A Multicenter, Pooled Patient Data Analysis in India. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):86-90.
Hand Hygiene Policy for a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Gupta Shakti Kumar , Arya Sanjay , Singh Sheetal , Aggarwal Vijay , Thuilephy T 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Hand hygiene diminishes the carriage of potential pathogens on the hands. It results in reduction in patient morbidity and mortality from nosocomial infection. Eighty percent of nosocomial disease transmission is thought to be via hands. The purpose of this study is to provide policy with regard to hand hygiene which can be followed in tertiary care hospitals. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between April and August 2013. The study population included doctors, nursing personnel, paramedical staff and quality managers of tertiary care hospital from public and private hospitals. Checklist was made after an exhaustive review of literature which was then improvised. Validation of the checklist was done by experts in infection control in various private and public hospitals. Subsequently, interaction was done with study population against the back drop of the checklist and hand hygiene policy was formulated.

How to cite this article
Singh S, Gupta SK, Arya S, Aggarwal V, Thuilephy T. Hand Hygiene Policy for a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):103-109.
Study of the Traffic Management System at an Apex Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital and Recommendations for Improvement
Authors: Gupta Shakti Kumar , Sharma DK , Lathwal Amit , Arya Sanjay Kumar , Sahoo Mukunda Chandra 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hospital parking services often represent the very first contact patients and visitors have with our hospital and to make a positive perception of our hospital, we need ample patient and visitor parking. Over last decade, there has been a quantum increase in workload by 6 to 7 times and a corresponding increase in the number of vehicles entering the tertiary care teaching hospital premises. Aim of traffic management at tertiary care hospital is to decongest, improve and smoothen traffic by advocating lane discipline, platooning, signal lights, parking, footpaths, reducing the number of private vehicles, efficient public transport, car pooling, etc.

Aims and objective
To study vehicular traffic management system at a Apex Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.

Methodology
This was done by survey of the area and observation of traffic flow and its measurement. The data, thus, collected were analyzed and based on the analysis an action plan was drawn.

Conclusion
As regards parking arrangements at the tertiary care teaching hospital are concerned, there is a need to create integrated parking lots on surface as well as basement of the buildings for parking of approximately 7600 vehicles which will also take into account the future needs. These parking lots should also include multilevel intelligent parking system with a computerized system of lifts stacking each car in a berth, and thus reducing the need for parking and service personnel.

How to cite this article
Sahoo MC, Gupta SK, Sharma DK, Arya SK, Lathwal A. Study of the Traffic Management System at an Apex Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital and Recommendations for Improvement. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):110-113.
Integration in Operation Theater: Need of the Hour
Authors: Gupta Shakti Kumar , Kant S , Siddharth Vijaydeep 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Integration in operation theater (OT) usually refers to systems integration, which means functionally connecting the OT environment. It includes integration of patient information system, audio, video, surgical lights and room lights, building automation (HVAC), medical equipment, telemedicine, videoconferencing, etc. When integrated, all technology can be manipulated from a central command console by single operator. Integration in OT holds the key for effective application of minimally invasive surgery, robotic surgery and functioning of hybrid OT. Apart from the conventional planning team for an OT, bringing on board an IT professional is a must for planning IT requirements. Integration in OT requires 15% more space than the conventional OT in order to accommodate the IT gadgets, i.e. walk-in technology room that would house teleconferencing and A/V equipment, blade-server computers, fiberoptic network electronics, teleconferencing and video conferencing equipment, audio-visual racks, etc. the level of integration can vary within an OT depending upon the user requirement. Space requirement for a general I-OT is about 60 m2, a cardiovascular I-OT or one that includes robotics may come up to 80 m2 or more, and I-OT with in-room imaging equipment requires at least 100 m2. Integration in OT not only increases the efficiency and patient safety in delivery of healthcare but can significantly increase efficiency and effectiveness both in teaching and research.

How to cite this article
Siddharth V, Kant S, Chandrashekhar R, Gupta SK. Integration in Operation Theater: Need of the Hour. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):123-128.
Shelf Life Evaluation and Comparative HPTLC Profile of Lekhaniya Mahakashaya Siddha Taila–A Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Shivshankar Rajput , Mata Shweta , Galib Ruknuddin , Dei Laxmipriya 
Published: September 2019

Background:

Lekhaniya Mahakashaya Siddha Taila (LMST) is a herbal formulation containing 10 herbal drugs, i.e., Lekhaniya Mahakashaya Gana mentioned in the Charak Samhita Shadvirechana Shatashritiya chapter. This is an important formulation in Ayurveda therapeutics, but its shelf life is not evaluated till date. The Government of India Gazette specifies the shelf life of various Ayurvedic medicines. However, there is a need to revalidate the shelf life of individual formulations by following parameters prevalent in the respective scenario. Considering this, it is planned to evaluate the shelf life of LMST.

Materials and methods:

Taila was prepared following classical guidelines. The samples were subjected to the accelerated stability study maintaining temperature and humidity 40 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5%, respectively. Relevant analytical parameters were analyzed at an interval of 0, 1, 3, and 6 months to check the degradation levels in the formulation. The 10% degradation was set as the acceptable point to extrapolate the accelerated stability data. Real-time aging factors 5 and 3.3 were used for the extrapolation of shelf life for climatic zone I and II countries and climatic zone III and IV countries, respectively. India comes under climatic zones III and IV. The formula for the calculation of shelf life given in the manuscript and International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines are used for conducting the shelf life study.

Results:
The microbial contamination and heavy metals were found to be within the prescribed limits. There were insignificant changes in physicochemical profiles at different intervals. On extrapolation of the observations, the shelf life of Taila was found to be 4 years.

Conclusion:
The shelf life of LMST was found to be longer than the given standards in official Gazettes of Government of India. This observation may be exclusive to LMST Studies on other Tailas need to be carried out to confirm this preliminary observation.
Review on Ethnomedicinal Claims, Pharmacological Activity, and Phytochemical Constituents of Samarakhadyam (Byttneria herbacea Roxb.)
Authors: Sharma Tarun , Acharya Rabinarayan 
Published: September 2019

Background:

Byttneria herbacea Roxb., family Malvaceae, a branched herb with perennial woody rootstock, known as Samara- khadyam, is available in India. It has been provided with copious therapeutic claims in Indian traditional medical systems as some of them are well-documented as “ethnomedicinal uses”. Single hand- compiled data on its ethnomedicinal uses are scarcely available.

Materials and methods:
In the present review, an attempt has been made to congregate all available data from available 9 books and published 24 research articles.

Result:
It is found that there are almost 65 tribes in and around India who use either the whole plant of B. herbacea Roxb. or its different parts (leaves, roots, seeds, and stems) in 32 different disease conditions. Among these, maximum are indicated in the treatment of wounds, sprains, cuts, boils, cholera, leucorrhoea, etc., through internal and external applications. The phytochemical screening of the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids. B. herbacea Roxb. showed a broad range of pharmacological actions, such as antioxidant, anti-edemogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, and antitubercular activities.

Conclusion:
Easy availability of B. herbacea Roxb., with single hand information on its potential ethnomedicinal uses, may lead to new research on this plant.
&lt;i&gt;Dignoptinus&lt;/i&gt;, a new genus for fossil &lt;i&gt;Dignomus regiomontanus&lt;/i&gt; Alekseev from Eocene Baltic amber, and new status for &lt;i&gt;Bruchoptinus&lt;/i&gt; Reitter and &lt;i&gt;Pseudoptinus&lt;/i&gt; Reitter (Coleoptera: Ptinidae)
Authors: Alekseev Vitalii I. , Bukejs Andris , Bellés Xavier 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The holotype of Dignomus regiomontanus Alekseev, 2014, from the Eocene Baltic amber (Tertiary, Paleogene), is re-examined and re-described. Dignoptinus gen. nov. is proposed to place this species. Bruchoptinus Reitter, 1884, and Pseudoptinus Reitter, 1884, described as subgenera of Ptinus Linnaeus, 1767, are the closest relatives of the new fossil genus. These two subgenera are proposed as independent genera: Bruchoptinus Reitter, 1884 stat. nov. and Pseudoptinus Reitter, 1884 stat. nov. Forty-four new combinations for the species of these genera are proposed.
Close Up, AfterClose Up: Life and Letters To-Dayas a Modernist Film Journal
Authors: Townsend Christopher 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the engagement of the modernist avant-garde with film in the 1930s. It offers a radical reassessment through study of the journal Life and Letters To-Day. It argues that from 1935 this journal sought a wider audience and incorporated film to a wider culture. The journal continued the project of the journal Close Up, with the same patronage and many of the same contributors. This article shows that ideas about the earlier positions adopted in Close Up may be misconceived and illustrate how ideas about key 1930s innovations—sound, color, editing and television—evolved between the journals.
Glenoid Retroversion Associates With Asymmetric Rotator Cuff Muscle Atrophy in Those With Walch B-type Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chalmers Peter N. , Beck Lindsay , Miller Matthew , Stertz Irene , Henninger Heath B. , Tashjian Robert Z. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Our purpose was to determine whether glenoid retroversion associates with asymmetric rotator cuff muscle atrophy in eccentric glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) and if this asymmetry is worsening of GHOA-related atrophy.

Methods:
Two groups of shoulder magnetic resonance images were studied: patients older than 50 years without a rotator cuff tear or GHOA (control group) and patients preoperative to anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (GHOA group). Retroversion and rotator cuff muscle cross-sectional areas were measured using reliable and accurate techniques. Proportional muscle areas were created by dividing by total cuff area to correct for differences in overall patient size. Walch grades were assigned via consensus.

Results:
The control group consisted of 102 patients and the GHOA cohort consisted of 141 patients. Within the eccentric GHOA group, retroversion associated with relative increasing supraspinatus (r = 0.268, P = 0.035), increasing infraspinatus (r = 0.273, P = 0.032), and decreasing subscapularis areas (r = −0.343, P = 0.006). However, the combined GHOA group had a significantly higher relative subscapularis area than the control group (P = 0.026).

Conclusion:
In the eccentric GHOA, increasing retroversion is associated with increasing volume of the posterior cuff relative to the anterior cuff muscles, which is a reversal of the asymmetric increasing volume of the anterior cuff relative to the posterior cuff muscles seen with concentric GHOA.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic, level III
Static and Dynamic Balance in Adults Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery: Screening and Prediction of Postsurgical Outcomes
Authors: Lubetzky Anat V. , Soroka Avihai , Harel Daphna , Errico Thomas , Bendo John , Leitner Joseph , Shabat Shay , Ashkenazi Eli , Floman Yizhar , Moffat Marilyn , Masharawi Youssef 
Published: September 2019

Introduction:
Balance and fall risk before and after lumbar surgery was assessed to determine whether balance at baseline predicts long-term postsurgical outcomes.

Methods:
Forty-three patients in the United States and Israel performed the single-leg stance (SLS) test, four square step test (FSST), and 8-foot up-and-go (8FUG) test before and 2 to 4 months after lumbar spine surgery. They completed the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and pain rating before and 12 months after lumbar surgery.

Results:
From baseline to follow-up, the SLS time was 3.74 seconds longer (P = 0.01), the FSST time was 1.94 seconds faster (P < 0.001), and the 8FUG time was 1.55 seconds faster (P = 0.02). Before surgery, 26% of the patients were considered high fall risk according to the FSST and 51% according to the 8FUG. Postsurgery, all patients could complete the physical tests, but 26% remained at high fall risk according to the 8FUG and 7.5% according to the FSST. The three physical measures together explained 30% of the variance in postsurgical ODI scores (P = 0.02). Age was not correlated with performance.

Discussion:
Risk of falling is higher than surgeons suspect. Balance tests (ie, SLS, FSST, and 8FUG) are quick and easy to administer. The findings support the importance of screening for balance and fall risk in adults undergoing lumbar spine surgery.
Influência do uso e ocupação na qualidade da água no Rio Pirarara, afluente do Rio Machado, Rondônia/Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Luzinete Scaunichi , Silva Filho Eliomar Pereira da 
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo trata de uma discussão sobre a influência do uso e ocupação das terras na qualidade da água da bacia do Rio Pirarara, no município de Cacoal- Rondônia. A metodologia de trabalho consistiu na realização de coleta de dados, informações e imagens, e para constatar esta influência, utilizou-se um Sistema de Informação Geográfica e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto para a integração das informações acerca do uso das terras. Na área da bacia o processo de ocupação irregular e o lançamento de esgoto interferem negativamente na qualidade da água e consequentemente as atividades antrópicas transformam as paisagens. Desta forma, foi confirmado que, as áreas ocupadas por vegetação favorecem a qualidade do ambiente. Sendo que, os efeitos destas atividades se fez evidente também nas áreas rurais em função do processo de ocupação para as atividades agropastoril. Constatou-se que o uso agrossilvipastoril é predominante na bacia, sendo capaz de inferir que este exerce um papel fundamental na economia da região. De maneira geral, as áreas urbanas, agricultadas e com pastagens, interferem na qualidade ambiental.
Perceived Effects of Farmer Participation in Utilization and Conservation of Forest Resources in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State
Authors: Yakubu D. H. , Eduno O. T. , Shuaibu H. , Muhammad M. B. , Oduehie T. C. , Mamman M. 
Published: September 2019

This study assessed the perceived effects of farmer participation in utilization and conservation of forest resources in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State. Data were collected from 150 farmers randomly selected, using structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using both descriptive (percentages, frequencies and means) and inferential statistics (multiple linear regression). Result of the analysis indicated a low participation of farmers in forest conservation. The farmers however, had a positive perception on the fact that community participation in forest conservation increases job opportunities ( 4.65) and reduces poverty (4.16). Result of the linear regression analysis revealed that age had a negative (-0.009142: p < 0.01) and significant relationship with farmers’ perceived effect of community participation in utilization and conservation of forest resources, while household size (0.0169081: p < 0.05), education (0.0503444: p < 0.1) and farm size (0.1228889: p < 0.1) all had positive and significant relationships with farmers’ perceived effects of community participation in utilization and conservation of forest resources. It was concluded that farmers’ participation in conservation of the forest was very low. The need for sensitization of the farmers on the importance of participation in forest conservation by all the stakeholders was recommended.
Assessment and Intervention on Coping Strategies of School Dropouts: A Case Study of Distt. U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand India
Authors: Singh Ritu , Bisht Niharika , Parveen Huma , Agrawal Neera 
Published: September 2019

Stress is an inevitable part of human life. Every individual encounters different level of stress and has a tendency to develop unique style to respond and cope with it. Dropping out of school is one such stressful event. Despite universalisation of elementary education in India, there are still a significant number of school dropouts in the country. Hence, the research team of Child Development Unit of All India Coordinated Research Project, Pantnagar conducted a study to study the coping strategies used by school dropouts. It also implemented group interventions for the promotion of effective coping strategies. The study included a sample of 52 school dropout adolescents from four purposively selected villages of Distt. Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. Standardized scales were used for identifying their coping strategies. School dropouts were seen to usually avoid the stressor to reduce its impact. Rarely did they go for understanding the problem and working for more converting it into a challenge to accept and win over. Post intervention there was significant shift in their coping strategies. It led to significant increase in practice of coping styles like logical analysis, positive appraisal, seek guidance & support, problem solving and significant decline in the use of coping strategies like cognitive avoidance, acceptance, seek alternative rewards, emotional discharge post intervention.