bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding Faith in Foreign Policy
Authors: Bettiza Gregorio 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Since the end of the Cold War, religion has been systematically brought to the fore of American foreign policy. US foreign policymakers have been increasingly tasked with promoting religious freedom globally, delivering humanitarian and development aid abroad through faith-based channels, pacifying Muslim politics and reforming Islamic theologies in the context of fighting terrorism, and engaging religious actors to solve multiple conflicts and crises around the world. Across a range of different domains, religion has progressively become an explicit and organized subject and object of US foreign policy in ways that were unimaginable just a few decades ago. If God was supposed to be vanquished by the forces of modernity and secularization, why has the United States increasingly sought to understand and manage religion abroad? In what ways have the boundaries between faith and state been redefined as religion has become operationalized in American foreign policy? What kind of world order is emerging in the twenty-first century as the most powerful state in the international system has come to intervene in sustained and systematic ways in sacred landscapes around the globe? This book addresses these questions by developing an original theoretical framework and drawing upon extensive empirical research and interviews. It argues that American foreign policy and religious forces have become ever more inextricably entangled in an age witnessing a global resurgence of religion and the emergence of a postsecular world society.
Introduction
Authors: Bettiza Gregorio 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Since the end of the Cold War religion has increasingly become an organized subject and object of American foreign policy. This has been notable with the emergence of four religious foreign policy regimes—International Religious Freedom, Faith-Based Foreign Aid, Muslim and Islamic Interventions, and Religious Engagement—which together constitute an American foreign policy regime complex on religion. The introduction poses the book’s three guiding questions. First, why and how did these different, yet closely related, religious foreign policy regimes emerge? Second, have the boundaries between religion and state been redefined by these regimes, and if so, how? Third, what are the global effects of the growing entanglement between faith and American foreign policy? The chapter introduces the concepts and arguments that are central to answering these questions. It also highlights the contributions made to the existing literature, discusses some definitional and methodological issues, and presents the plan of the book.
Theorizing US Foreign Policy in a Postsecular World Society
Authors: Bettiza Gregorio 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The chapter presents the book’s theoretical framework, which is grounded in a sociological approach to international relations (IR) theory. It suggests that to explain the causes and shape of the operationalization of religion in US foreign policy attention needs to be paid to the combined effects of macro-level forces represented by the emergence of a postsecular world society, and the mobilization at the micro-level of a diverse range of desecularizing actors who seek to contest the secularity of American foreign policy through the deployment of multiple desecularizing discourses. The chapter then conceptualizes four different processes of foreign policy desecularization—institutional, epistemic, ideological, and state-normative—which take place as religion increasingly becomes an organized subject and object of US foreign policy. Finally, it advances three hypotheses about the global effects of America’s religious foreign policies: they shape religious landscapes around the world in ways that reflect American values and interests; they contribute to religionizing world politics; and they promote similar policies internationally.
Faith-Based Foreign Aid
Authors: Bettiza Gregorio 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The chapter identifies the constellation of desecularizing actors embedded in postsecular processes responsible for the emergence of the Faith-Based Foreign Aid regime under President Bush in the early 2000s. It examines the continuation and evolution of the regime over time and shows how this has depended on the type of desecularizing actors that have had access to the Bush and Obama administrations. It argues that the regime generates considerable forms of institutional desecularization, sustained by parallel processes of ideological and state-normative desecularization. In terms of global effects, the regime is potentially shaping global religious landscapes primarily by supporting Christian organizations and communities, and contributing to processes of religionization especially through mechanisms of elevation. The conclusion summarizes the chapter’s findings, compares the regime to the International Religious Freedom regime, and considers developments occurring under President Trump.
Biographical Note on Mr. Rayneval
Authors: Allain Jean 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Meant to be read in conjunction with the Introduction to this translation, the ‘Biographical Note of Mr. Rayneval’ was penned by his son, François-Joseph-Maximilien, and appeared in the subsequent, 1832 expanded, two-volume third edition of the Institutions du Droit de La Nature et des Gens. The Note sets out in detail the life’s work of Joseph-Mathias Gérard de Rayneval, highlights his main achievements including having been the architect of the Peace of Paris of 1783. Not surprisingly, the Biographical Note reads like a testimonial of the life and work of Rayneval, wherein it concludes by stating that ‘one can add here without fear of being contradicted by those that knew him that he was esteemed by all, including the most distinguished of men, and respected with affection by his family’.
Preface.
Authors: Allain Jean 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Joseph-Mathias Gérard de Rayneval’s Preface to his Institutions du Droit de La Nature et des Gens sets out the content of his study. The Preface outlines each of the three Books and the Appendix, wherein he considers the fundamentals of the Law of Nations in the wake of the French Revolution and the coming to power of Napoleon Bonaparte. Those consideration are developed by first providing an understanding of the internal functioning of the State so as to then build an understanding of the Law of Nations. Having set out the principles which govern inter-State relations, Rayneval provides an Appendix which focus on the policy considerations for those seeking to navigate the art of governing.
On the State of War and of Peace
Authors: Allain Jean 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Book Three has Rayneval taking the reader through the Law of Nations as it relates to war and peace. A focus is placed on the origins, causes, effects, and conduct of war both on land and at sea. The right of conquest in considered, including prisoners, hostages, as well as civilians in conquered territory. This Book also examines the various principles governing alliances and the role of Neutral Powers in times of war. Where the seas are concerned, Rayneval considers the role of Neutrals Powers, of the right to visit in times of war, of Letters of Marque, and the taking of Prizes. Where peace is concerned, Rayneval speaks of the nature and obligations flowing from peace treaties and invokes mediation as the sole basis of third-party dispute settlement.
The World of the Little Review
Authors: Hutton Clare 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter looks at the origins and general intellectual context of the Little Review, the avant-garde New York periodical which serialized Joyce’s Ulysses between 1918 and 1920. The editors were Margaret Anderson and Jane Heap, who were joined by Ezra Pound for two years from May 1917. Pound edited the serial Ulysses and was acutely aware of the changing political context in which the journal was being published. In an atmosphere of increasing cultural conservatism brought about by the entry of the US into the First World War, the New York Post Office declared some issues of the Little Review to be non-mailable and suppressed them. The chapter reviews some issues of the Little Review in detail, paying particular attention to the nexus of associations between the serial Ulysses and some of the other texts and preoccupations of the Little Review.
Paris Departures
Authors: Hutton Clare 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter looks at the ways in which Joyce revised the text of Ulysses once the Little Review serialization had been stopped. It argues that there are seven types of Ulyssean revision and looks in detail at the revisions Joyce made to chapters 2 (‘Nestor’), 5 (‘Lotus-Eaters’), 11 (‘Sirens’), and 13 (‘Nausicaa’). The argument about post-serial revision involves looking at specificities of character, place, and time; streams of consciousness; schematic additions; stylistic thickening; sexual suggestiveness; the embellishment of micro-narrative; and the intensification of Hibernicism in speech. These key critical concepts are then applied to close reading of individual moments of revision.
Reimagining Hagar
Authors: Junior Nyasha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This book offers a reception history of biblical Hagar. Despite the limited description of Hagar in biblical texts, she becomes an important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. While many interpreters often treat biblical characters as White or as non-Black, this book investigates how, when, and why some interpreters choose to identify biblical Hagar as a Black woman. It centers on treatments of Hagar by African American biblical interpreters and focuses attention on how professional and non-professional interpreters identify and engage issues of difference, including gender, race, ethnicity, and status. Building on the work of African American classicists and biblical scholars, Reimagining Hagar discusses the African presence in biblical texts and issues of race within biblical studies. It details the portrayal of Hagar in nineteenth century pro- and anti-slavery literature in the United States, in African American vernacular traditions, and in religious studies and biblical studies scholarship. Engaging an array of literary and artistic sources, Reimagining Hagar illustrates that interpretations of Hagar as Black emphasize elements of Hagar’s narrative in order to connect her with or disassociate her from particular groups. This book traces some of the key points within the emergence and development of this unique understanding of Hagar as a Black woman.
Aunt Hagar
Authors: Junior Nyasha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 explains how a Black Aunt Hagar figure develops as an African American cultural icon unrelated to biblical Hagar. This chapter discusses how different understandings of Hagar appear within naming traditions as well as within visual arts, music, and literature. It details how various Black Hagar figures within African American literature and culture do not necessarily refer to biblical Hagar despite the use of the biblical name Hagar. It contends that as scholars, writers, and other artists link a Black Aunt Hagar figure with biblical Hagar, the resulting association between these figures contributes to the notion of biblical Hagar as a Black woman.
Introduction
Authors: Junior Nyasha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses the aims of Reimagining Hagar: Blackness and Bible. The key research questions for this book are: (1) How did Hagar become Black? and (2) What purpose did or does that serve? It situates this project at the intersection of African American biblical scholarship and reception history within biblical scholarship. This chapter introduces terminology related to race and ethnicity and provides background information on issues of color within the ancient world and within biblical texts. It explores the persistence of racial categorization within US society and the US literary imagination despite the lack of biological or genetic basis for contemporary notions of race. It discusses the importance of African American vernacular traditions and the ongoing and dynamic social and cultural interactions between African Americans and biblical texts. It provides an overview of each chapter within the book.
The Table
Authors: Crouch David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Dining within European halls already respected a universal sequence and culture by 1100, which was further homogenized by institutions such as the fostering abroad of adolescent males and the lavish entertaining of the mobile tourneying society of France and the western Empire. The conduct of the table at dinner was the central ritual of courtly society and generated a considerable instructional literature across the continent. It was also a major stress point in society, with reputations of hosts depending on their lavish hospitality and the efficiency of their servants, while the social fortunes of their guests depended on confident performances at table as guests, raconteurs and entertainers. Dangers included overindulgence in alcohol, gauging the degree of deference, the control of body and posture, as well as any failure in contributing to general entertainment.
Walking with the Unconsoled
Authors: James David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The final chapter extends Chapter 6’s examination of consolation itself as a source of dread in an extended reading of David Grossman’s epic anti-war novel, To the End of the Land (English trans. 2010) and Falling Out of Time (English trans. 2014). To the End of the Land dramatizes the trepidation surrounding solace, focalized as it is by an Israeli mother, Ora, for whom intimations of respite are shot through with jeopardy. Analysing Ora’s pre-emptive stance on solace, this chapter reveals just how differently consolation applies to situations facing persons who fear for those who are very much living (but whose lives could be cut short), in contrast to the compensations available to persons who know they are dwindling and who become the eulogizing subjects of their own conciliations. Grossman’s Ora mounts a lyrical defence against death’s imminence, writing to repel the oncoming moment when elegy will undoubtedly be the most fitting mode of address.
Epilogue
Authors: James David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Epilogue considers the broader political and interpretive implications of reading for consolation against the recent backdrop of intense methodological self-scrutiny in literary and cultural studies. It also examines the historical and sociocultural coordinates of the phenomenon of ‘discrepant solace’ this book has charted across borders of nation, genre, and style. With a meditation on Denise Riley’s Time Lived, Without Its Flow (2012), the Epilogue reflects on the metacritical ramifications of attending to how writers confront the challenges of living with and writing about emotional worlds that appear to evade articulation. This is a struggle for adequate representation that the book as a whole has tried to trace, one in which consolation’s affective and ethical contestability enters the dramatic precincts and formal textures of contemporary writing—in ways that require criticism to keep pace with what literature can do in situations that would seem to herald its inadequacy.
Cognitive extension and musical consciousness
Authors: Zbikowski Lawrence M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores how the notion of cognitive extension, which is the idea that cognitive processes can be extended through material resources, reshapes the way we think about musical consciousness. A brief review of recent work on cognitive extension by Andy Clark is provided and linked with Edwin Hutchins’s idea of distributed cognition. Examples of cognitive extension from musical practices are discussed, including mnemonic devices employed during the middle ages, musical scores, and the use of musical instruments. It is proposed that musical sound itself can be thought of as a means through which musical thought is extended out into the world, especially where a distributed cognitive system is manifested as a musical ensemble.
The interplay between conscious and subconscious processes during expert musical improvisation
Authors: Norgaard Martin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Musical improvisation is a skill that involves the generation of new material in real time within musical and physical constraints. Qualitative accounts from expert jazz musicians describe two processes that appear to occur simultaneously during improvisation. One process involves consciously focusing on higher-level musical elements, interaction with other ensemble members, and responding to surprising musical events; another subconscious process generates actual note choices. Descriptions by developing improvisers indicate that the subconscious process component is advanced through practice. These accounts align with influential cognitive models—notably the dual-process framework—that can help to describe various aspects of improvisation. The accounts are also supported by traditional and new research in motor learning and by brain imaging studies with improvisers. Specifically, fMRI and EEG research using solo improvisation tasks in which the construction of larger architectural structures was not required, shows deactivation in control areas and less connectivity. These results are consistent with experimental research in which improvisers, forced to focus on an unrelated task, appear to rely on the automated process of inserting learned patterns. On the other hand, if improvisers are focused on interaction with others, improvised exchanges cause engagement of control areas as the higher-level conscious process is engaged.
What kind of conscious activity is ‘listening to music’? A contribution from Theodor Adorno by way of psychoanalysis
Authors: Nicholsen Shierry Weber 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter elaborates Theodor Adorno’s notion of genuine music listening and the role of consciousness within it by analogy with the psychoanalytic conceptualization of listening in the analytic dialogue as described in Freud’s model of the free-association process. Crucial in both models of listening is the simultaneous restraining of conventional expectations and the reception of what is new in what is being heard. For both, listening is collaborative work (between patient and analyst, or between listener and the musical composition), engaging the interaction of consciousness and the unconscious by confronting resistances and bringing new meaning into conscious awareness. Implicit in Adorno’s conception of music listening, as part of his critical theory of society, is a socio-historical dimension: the collaboration between genuinely advanced music like that of the Second Viennese School and the individual engaged in genuine listening works against false consciousness to further an authentic subjecthood..
(Un)consciousness? Music in the Daoist context of nonbeing
Authors: Kuang Lanlan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the interpretation of music as a philosophical concept within the context of Chinese aesthetics. A particular focus is the Daoist connection of music with psychological concepts such as consciousness, the experience of time, and the emergence of memory in space and time. The human body, regarded as both physical and spiritual, is an integral element of Daoism, which offers a route to understanding consciousness as coterminous with being and nonbeing, and to linking the latter to music. In the Daoist tradition nonbeing, in musical time, brings forth dynamic and temporal connections between the conscious and the unconscious through memory. The chapter uses the programmatic title and literary preface of Seagulls and Forgetting Schemes, a Song dynasty qin piece, as an exemplar of the Daoist aesthetic of (un)consciousness, approached as both an ideal comprising a world or state of enlightened detachment and an aesthetic activity for cultivating such a world or state.
Group music therapy with adolescents referred for aggression
Authors: Santos Andeline dos 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A music therapy group for adolescents referred for aggression can afford a context where the sense of aggression can be received, explored, and processed, but also where aggression becomes non-sense. This chapter examines the multifaceted nature of aggression and how, through group music therapy, adolescents’ multiplicities can be welcomed, a non-judgemental space for the exploration of anger and self-control can be offered, generative negotiation can be practised, personal pain can be voiced, and the pain of others can be heard and held. Through this process adolescents can grow increasingly aware of how their own behaviour impacts the cycles of aggression they are part of, and how alternative behavioural strategies can elicit more generative responses from others.
Musical affect regulation in adolescents: A conceptual model
Authors: Baltazar Margarida 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Adolescents actively use music for affect regulation. In this chapter, affect is considered as a broad umbrella term containing moods, emotions, motivational impulses, and energy levels. Theoretical and empirical research has recently been unveiling the components involved in affect self-regulation, such as the psychological functions of music listening, affective goals, regulation strategies, and musical mechanisms. The study of these components and of their interactions has resulted in a better understanding of the dynamics between music engagement, wellbeing, and psychological development among adolescents. The purpose of this chapter is to present a conceptual model of musical affect self-regulation. The core components of the model are regulatory strategies and musical mechanisms, which interact across the dimensions of cognition, feelings, and bodily reactions.
Music as a resource for agency and empowerment in identity construction
Authors: Saarikallio Suvi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Identity construction is the defining process of youth. Adolescents are renegotiating a multitude of fundamental self-perceptions from body image to social roles. At the same time, their self-regulatory skills are still developing, and society is placing increased demands on responsible behaviour, yet not always facilitating adolescents’ own abilities to act and voice. All this is challenging for adolescents’ sense of agency, the experience of being the actor in their lives, and holding ownership of their feelings, thoughts, and actions. This chapter discusses music as a resource for supporting agency during identity construction. In many ways, music is the space in which adolescents can be the actors of their life, give voice to their feelings and throughts, safely search for themselves, and feel ownership of their actions. Music can empower adolescents and facilitate their indentity construction by fostering their own capacity for self-reflection, self-regulation, self-expression, and participation. The chapter introduces the identity section of this book, discussing how music functions as an empowering playground for agency in healthy development, and also how music can restore agency when it has been compromised.