bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Gliptin‐based Hybrid Scaffolds
Authors: Yahya Shaikh , Gour Vivek Kumar , Sangshetti Jaiprakash , Deshpande Prathamesh , Shafeeque Mohd , Sharma Nisha , Choudhary Akram , Shahar Yar M 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) inhibitors are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of a catastrophic disease, especially diabetes mellitus (DM), which contributed to a massive rate of mortality. This research work succinctly covers the significance and vital role of gliptins in diabetes management and in the potential areas of further antidiabetic research, making it a strong drug candidate for antidiabetic drug development. We illustrated herein molecular docking, synthesis, and biological evaluation of selected potent synthesized molecules. Additionally, all the potent compounds were characterized by means of MASS and NMR spectral analysis, whereas the purity of these molecules were assessed by HPLC method. In order to determine the efficacy and cytotoxicity of synthesized gliptin‐based scaffolds, in‐vitro anti‐oxidant and MTT assays with the implantation of DPPH and THP‐1 cell lines, respectively, were performed. The results data disclose the anti‐oxidant and biosafety potential of the newly schemed compounds. Based on in‐vitro screening outcomes, only a derivative that exhibited potent efficacy was selected and subjected to an in‐vivo study. Among them, compounds 6 and 12 are the most potent ones, which exhibited % radical scavenge of 89.38 % and 91.58 % related to standard ascorbic acid (91.58 %). Surprisingly, these compounds also exhibited excellent anti‐diabetic efficacy at a dose of 4 mg/kg in an in‐vivo animal model. In conclusion, all studies suggested that the titled molecules could be promising lead compounds for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Mucocutaneous Ulcerations and Pancytopenia Secondary to Methotrexate Toxicity in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report
Authors: Dorji Thinley , Penjor Tshering , Tenzin Sangay , Pedon Tshering , Wangchuck Sangay , Yangchen Sonam 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTToxicity from methotrexate overdosing is life threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and early treatment. A 71‐year‐old man from rural Bhutan with diabetes mellitus had symmetrical small joint pain for 3 years associated with early morning stiffness. He was evaluated and diagnosed with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in a hospital in neighbouring India. He was initiated on Methotrexate and Hydroxychloroquine. The patient had inadvertently taken Methotrexate 10 mg OD for 2 weeks. Following this, he developed painful ulcers on the lips preventing him from swallowing and ulcers around the corona on the penis. He also had intermittent fever with chills. On examination, he had fluid responsive hypotension and pancytopenia without bleeding manifestations. He was managed with intravenous folinic acid, subcutaneous granulocyte colony stimulating factor and intravenous cloxacillin. He had an uneventful recovery and methotrexate has been restarted following adequate patient education. Education of patient and family members is key in preventing medication errors. Early identification and timely management of methotrexate toxicity is key in preventing mortality.
Role of Secondary Structure and Time‐Dependent Binding on Disruption of Phthalocyanine Aggregates by Guanine‐Rich Nucleic Acids
Authors: Windle Eleanor R. , Rennie Christopher C. , Edkins Robert M. , Quinn Susan J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhthalocyanines are versatile photodynamic therapy agents whose biological activity depends on their aggregation state, which is expected to be influenced by binding to biomolecules. Here, guanine‐rich nucleic acid binding of a water‐soluble cationic, regiopure C4h zinc phthalocyanine bearing four triethylene glycol methyl ether and four N‐methyl‐4‐pyridinium substituents (1) is reported. In contrast to double‐stranded DNA, guanine systems GpG, (GG)10, poly(G) and quadruplex DNA are shown to effectively disrupt phthalocyanine aggregates in buffered solution. This process is accompanied by evolution of the Q‐band absorbance and enhanced emission. Increasing the sequence length from GpG to (GG)10 increases the binding and confirms the importance of multiple binding interactions. Enhanced binding in the presence of KCl suggests the importance of nucleobase hydrogen‐bonded mosaics in phthalocyanine binding. Notably, the (GT)10 sequence is even more effective than quadruplex and pure guanine systems at disrupting the aggregates of 1. Significant time‐dependent binding of 1 with poly(G) reveals biexponential binding over minutes and hours, which is linked to local conformations of poly(G) that accommodate monomers of 1 over time. The study highlights the ability of biomacromolecules to disrupt phthalocyanines aggregates over time, which is an important consideration when rationalizing photoactivity of photosensitizers in‐vivo.
Unveiling the Long‐Awaited Aldehyde Intermediate in Oxidative Dephosphorylation: A Unique Approach to Access Useful Carboxaldehydes
Authors: Tripathi Shivani , Chakravarty Manab 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOxidative dephosphorylation reactions usually generate symmetrically substituted alkenes from organophosphonates. Even the ubiquitous presence of oxygen can produce such alkenes inadvertently as a side product in small amounts from Wittig/Horner‐Wadsworth‐Emmons (HWE) reactions. So far, aldehydes have been expected to be the on‐pathway intermediate since their discovery, but there was no substantial experimental evidence to support this. Herein, aldehyde intermediates are judiciously trapped before forming alkene on dephosphorylation reactions of diverse phosphonates. Consequently, a unique synthetic strategy has been established to access structurally diverse aldehydes by oxidizing phosphonate carbanions using molecular oxygen. This is the first report to trap and isolate aldehydes since the historical discovery of Wittig/HWE reactions. Only ketone/amide was isolated as a support, but no aldehyde. The optimization studies offer 48–84 % reaction yields of such aldehydes. The mechanistic studies are validated with reaction mixture 1H and 31P‐NMR studies. Along with other various aldehydes, a unique class of structurally diverse anthracenyl aldehydes exhibiting intense fluorescence has been identified. The extended process to bis‐phosphonates led to bis‐carboxaldehyde forming in 52–68 % yield within 30 min. The scope is further extended to achieve 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐linked phosphonate, functionalized with carboxaldehyde.
Towards a more sustainable future: Transitioning from thermochemical to electrochemical processes in clean energy technologies relevant to hydrogen‐containing fuels
Authors: Jankovic Jasna , Wilkinson David P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis review paper explores the transition from thermochemical to electrochemical processes in clean energy technologies, particularly focusing on hydrogen‐containing fuels, namely hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol. The main characteristics of the thermochemical and electrochemical technologies are compared, followed by a focus on specific approaches in production of each of these e‐fuels. Steam methane reforming, partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, coal and biomass gasification, as well as thermal decomposition and autothermal reforming processes are discussed for hydrogen thermochemical production. Electrochemical technologies for green hydrogen production are then described, including water electrolysis based on alkaline, proton exchange membrane, anion exchange, and solid oxide cells. The paper further compares the Haber–Bosch process with the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia, and discusses thermochemical technologies for methanol synthesis from syngas, comparing them to the two electrochemical approaches‐electrochemical CO2 reduction and methane oxidation reaction. Additionally, approaches for extracting hydrogen from ammonia and methanol by electrochemical reforming are briefly discussed. The paper closes with the future prospects and challenges of the transition from the traditional thermochemical technologies to the more sustainable electrochemical processes. Despite the promising prospects of the electrochemical technologies, challenges such as high initial capital costs, the need for advanced materials, and scalability must be addressed. Ongoing research, policy incentives, and collaborative efforts are essential to overcome these barriers and facilitate the transition to a low‐carbon economy. In the meantime, the integration of these technologies represents a transformative approach to chemical manufacturing and energy management, offering a pathway towards more sustainable and versatile industrial practices.
In‐Situ CeO2/CuO Heterojunction Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction to Ethylene
Authors: Luo QiuLin , Ma Lin , Yang Chenghan , Song Youchao , Xu Yingchen , Zhu Min , Zhou Yuming , Zhang Yiwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCeO2/CuO heterojunction composite catalysts were synthesized using a one‐step method, achieving the introduction of Ce species on nanoscale copper oxide (CuO) particles during the hydrothermal process. CeO2 is primarily encapsulated the auxiliary catalyst CuO in the form of nanoparticles. On one hand, this protects the nanostructure of the substrate from damage and prevents the agglomeration of CuO nanoparticles. On the other hand, the bimetallic synergistic effect between Ce and Cu effectively improves the conductivity and catalytic activity of the catalyst, significantly enhancing the selectivity of the catalyst for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2H4, while effectively suppressing the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). By regulating the amount of CeO2 introducing, a series of CeO2/CuO composite catalysts were designed. The results showed that the 15 % CeO2/CuO catalyst exhibited the best selectivity and catalytic activity for C2H4. At a low overpotential of −1.2 V, the 15 % CeO2/CuO catalyst demonstrated a current density of 14.2 mA cm−2 and achieved a Faradaic efficiency for ethylene as high as 65.78 %, which is 2.85 times the current density (j=4.98 mA cm−2) and 3.27 times the Faradaic efficiency for ethylene (FEC2H4=20.13 %) of the undoped catalyst at the same potential. This work provides a feasible basis for achieving efficient CO2RR to C2 products, and even multi‐carbon products.
A Sixth Mass Extinction? How Linguistic Uncertainty Shapes Our Understanding of the Biodiversity Crisis
Authors: Linke Lily , Clements Christopher F. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe term ‘sixth mass extinction’ has become synonymous with the current biodiversity crisis. However, despite a general agreement that current biodiversity declines are severe, no consensus has been reached on whether this constitutes a ‘mass extinction event’, and thus, whether our current situation is comparable to the catastrophic extinction events of deep time. Here, we suggest that our inability to gauge whether the current biodiversity crisis is a mass extinction event may lie less in quantifiable evidence and more in the language used to define such events. We highlight areas of linguistic contention, vagueness and epistemic dispute, and discuss the role of post hoc decision‐making and language in shaping our understanding and communication of biodiversity loss. Our discussion raises larger questions about how we communicate science to the public, funders and other scientists, and how we use language to both shape awareness and leverage action.
Calibrating Satellite Maps With Field Data for Improved Predictions of Forest Biomass
Authors: May Paul B. , Finley Andrew O. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSpatially explicit quantification of forest biomass is important for forest‐health monitoring and carbon accounting. Direct field measurements of biomass are laborious and expensive, typically limiting their spatial and temporal sampling density and therefore the precision and resolution of the resulting inference. Satellites can provide biomass predictions at a far greater density, but these predictions are often biased relative to field measurements and exhibit heterogeneous errors. We developed and implemented a coregionalization model between sparse field measurements and a predictive satellite map to deliver improved predictions of biomass density at a 1  resolution throughout the Pacific states of California, Oregon and Washington. The model accounts for zero‐inflation in the field measurements and the heterogeneous errors in the satellite predictions. A stochastic partial differential equation approach to spatial modeling is applied to handle the magnitude of the satellite data. The spatial detail rendered by the model is much finer than would be possible with the field measurements alone, and the model provides substantial noise‐filtering and bias‐correction to the satellite map.
Anxiety, Obsessive‐Compulsive, and Depressive Symptom Presentation and Change Throughout Routine Eating Disorder Treatment
Authors: Velimirović Mina , Robison Morgan , Abber Sophie , Duffy Alan , Rienecke Renee D. , Manwaring Jamie , Blalock Dan V. , Riddle Megan , Mehler Philip S. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe present study examined whether patients with binge/purge and restricting anorexia nervosa (AN‐BP and AN‐R), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), and other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED) differ in generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), and depression symptom patterns and overall comorbid symptom severity at admission. We also assessed between‐group differences in the patterns of change and overall comorbid symptom severity change from admission to discharge from routine eating disorder (ED) treatment at higher levels of care (HLOC).MethodThe initial sample included 3730 adults routinely assessed for GAD, depression, and OCD at admission and discharge from treatment.Results and ConclusionsED diagnostic groups exhibited somewhat different symptom patterns (e.g., AN‐R and ARFID were more prone to GAD and OCD than depression symptoms; BED exhibited the opposite pattern) and overall symptom severity at admission (i.e., AN‐BP and OSFED had the highest overall comorbid symptom severity; BED had the lowest). Although the overall symptom improvement was significantly greater in ARFID and BED than in AN‐BP, AN‐R, and OSFED, ED patients collectively and within each diagnostic group improved significantly in GAD, OCD, and depression symptoms following routine ED treatment at HLOC.
Titanium Implant Modified With Zinc‐Doped Carbon Dot Layer as an Innovative Coating for the Development of Local Drug Delivery System for Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Reczkowski Jakub , Ławniczak Łukasz , Ratajczak Maria , Voelkel Adam , Sandomierski Mariusz 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents a new innovative drug delivery system for ciprofloxacin, which is based on the formation of a zinc‐doped carbon dots layer on the surface of a titanium alloy (TiAl4V6). In the study, the effectiveness of the synthesis method of a zinc‐doped carbon dots layer was determined. The distribution of the layer of carbon dots on the surface of the titanium alloy was investigated using the FT‐IR mapping technique, which confirmed the efficiency of the synthesis. The effective synthesis of carbon dots and the coordination of zinc ions on their surface opens the possibility of sorption of ciprofloxacin, which results in a high application potential of the obtained biomaterial. The introduction of zinc cations on the surface of the carbon dots layer resulted in high sorption results of the active substance (40 μg of drug per 1 cm2 of implant). The release profile of ciprofloxacin from the modified surface of the titanium alloy indicates that this active substance can be released for up to 4 h. The biomaterial obtained in this work is also hydrophilic (about 40°), which was shown by the contact angle tests. This is an important feature and indicates a high application potential of the performed modification. The resulting layer has antibacterial properties. Growth inhibition for microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans ranged from 74% to 96%. The creation of such a layer on the titanium alloy may reduce the risk of infection during the implantation procedure.
Reconceptualising emotion dysregulation in the context of middle childhood: A scoping review of reviews
Authors: Antony Evelyn Mary‐Ann , Beckmann Nadin , Higgins Steve 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent research has suggested that emotion dysregulation (ED) is a key mechanism which explains the associations between mental health illnesses, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and internalising problems, among youth. However, literature reviews have led to mixed and inconclusive findings on the conceptualisations of ED. Specifically, understanding ED in the context of middle childhood, otherwise known as ‘the forgotten years’, may be crucial, as it serves as a significant developmental stage, where children develop a sense of self and rationalise their emotions. This scoping review aims to address the present challenge of conceptualising ED during middle childhood.MethodsProQuest, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science were searched in October 2024. Articles were included if ED and emotional dysregulation (including positive emotions) were conceptualised, if the paper was a review (i.e., scoping, literature, meta‐analysis etc), participants of the target age range (6–12‐year) were in the sample, and papers were in English. Studies were excluded if the sample included other age groups, such as infants and pre‐schoolers, alongside focussing on other phenomena, such as self‐regulation.ResultsThe current scoping review explored the conceptualisations drawn from research studies conducted in the United States, Germany, Austria, France, and Australia. 11 studies were included in this review and two key themes were extrapolated (a) issues with processing emotions (i.e., emotion generation/reactivity) and (b) issues with adopting appropriate emotion regulation strategies and the failure in doing so, leading to issues in attaining goal‐directed behaviours.ConclusionsThe findings support the importance of considering how ED should be measured, based on holistic perspectives of the mechanism, alongside clinical screening for emotional deficits at earlier stages of life.
Multifunctional Fluorinated Copolymer Nanoparticles via a Cationic Dendritic‐Based Macromolecular RAFT‐CTA
Authors: Kulkarni Anuja , Yaddehige Mahesh Loku , Cooke Daniel J. , Hamadani Christine M. , Flynt Alex S. , Tanner Eden E. L. , Que Emily L. , Watkins Davita L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs the field of theranostics expands, an imminent need arises for multifaceted polymer‐based nanotechnologies for clinical application. In this work, reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous emulsion polymerization is used to form 19F‐containing amphiphilic hybrid block copolymers (HBCs). Employing a cationic dendritic macromolecular chain transfer agent (mCTA), polymer frameworks comprised of chemically distinctive blocks of differing architectures (i.e., dendritic and grafted/linear) are strategically designed and synthesized. In aqueous media, self‐assembled polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) are formed. Their physicochemical properties and their potential as biomaterials for MRI applications are assessed. By showcasing a newly established mCTA and using these resulting PNPs as imaging probes, the work expands the design space of RAFT polymerization in biomedical research, paving the way for the development of more effective and versatile MRI imaging tools.
Is Darker More Effective? The Effect of Package Color Lightness on Consumer Judgment of Product Efficacy
Authors: Zheng Xiaoying , Liu Chunlei , Zheng Lijing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTProduct efficacy is a crucial consideration in consumer's purchasing decisions. However, assessing product efficacy is often challenging for consumers owing to its unobservability, thus prompting them to depend on observable cues for evaluation. This research examines the impact of a visually perceptible cue—package color lightness—on consumer judgment of product efficacy. Using a field study and three experimental studies, we demonstrate that consumers perceive products with darker‐colored (vs. lighter‐colored) packages as having a higher concentration of ingredients, leading them to judge the products as more (or less) effective. Nonetheless, this perception also leads to an associated concern regarding side effects. We further uncover that consumption goals—whether prioritizing effectiveness or safety—moderate consumer preference for products in darker‐colored versus lighter‐colored packaging. These findings enrich existing literature on color and product efficacy judgment and provide insights for marketers focused on efficacious products and visual design.
Experiences With a Substitution System for Clinical Nurses' Leave of Absence: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kim Ae R. , Hong Jeong H. , Oh Seieun , Cho Sangwoon , Baek Hye J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTInsufficient staffing often makes it difficult for nurses in South Korea to adjust their schedules when they have illnesses or other health problems, resulting in presenteeism. This study aimed to explore the experiences of the Acknowledged Care Expert (ACE) team as a substitution system for clinical nurses taking leave because of illness or health problems from the perspectives of ACE nurses, nurse managers, and shift nurses. We collected data for this qualitative study through individual in‐depth interviews with six ACE nurses, a focus group interview with five nurse managers, and two focus group interviews with five nurses who shared their experiences with the ACE team. Thematic analysis of the data identified the following four themes: expected and unexpected benefits of the ACE team; challenges in operating the ACE team; characteristics and competencies required of the ACE team; and recommendations for the ACE program. The findings showed that the ACE team was highly valued and received positive feedback from colleagues and administrators with whom they worked. Such positive impacts were made possible by team members’ clinical expertise and the collective engagement of both coworkers and team members. Further research to evaluate such substitute systems is necessary to establish a more stable and encouraging environment for clinical nurses, as well as for patient care.