bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Occupational Incidents, Prioritization of Factors Causing These by Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Methods and Identification of Ways for Reducing These: Case Study in Oil and Gas Fields
Authors: Gokpinar Ece , Elmar Balas Can 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The aim of the Occupational Health and Safety studies conducted in the oil and gas sector is; to protect workers and to ensure occupational safety in works performed on drilling fields. The aforementioned studies of the companies operating in this field in Turkey are inadequate and are not given due importance to. In such companies, occupational incidents become inevitable for that reason. A vast number of studies have been conducted in many other countries around the world to reduce the number of occupational incidents, and those have led to a substantial reduction in those incidents. In Turkey, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the number of occupational incidents in the oil and gas sector. In this study, occupational incidents occurred in the company investigated as a case study and the other occupational incidents occurred in similar companies and the measures taken to reduce them have been discussed in detail. This study aims to explain what occupational incidents occur in the sector, what the root causes of them are and how to reduce the occupational incidents by taking measures.
A Single Band Antenna Design for Future Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication at 38 GHz
Authors: Şeker Cihat , Tahir Güneşer Muhammet 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this proposed paper, a single band microstrip patch antenna for fifth generation (5G) wireless application was presented. 28, 38, 60 and 73 GHz frequency bands have been allocated for 5G mobile communications by International Telecommunications Union (ITU). In this paper, we proposed an antenna, which is suitable for the millimeter wave frequency. The single band antenna consists of new slot loaded on the radiating patch with the 50 ohms microstrip line feeding used. This single band antenna was simulated on a FR4 dielectric substrate have relative permittivity 4.4, loss tangent 0.02, and height 1.6 mm. The antenna was simulated by Electromagnetic simulation, computer software technology High Frequency Structural Simulator. And simulated result on return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and 3D gain was presented. The parameters of the results well coherent and proved the literature for millimeter wave 5G wireless application at 38 GHz.
Freedom of Information and Citizens’ Perception in Albania
Authors: Shehaj Ardita 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Transparency and the right to information are among the most important components of good governance, strong and stable democracy, citizen’s participation and the fight against corruption. The right to information is a constitutional right that is guaranteed not only by freedom of information law but also from the Albanian constitution. This legal framework is ranked 6th in the world and guarantees not only citizens right to access public information but also obliges institutions to proactively disclose information. Beside the fact that the Albanian legal framework is a very good one, it is very important to know citizens perception regarding the necessity of this right. For this reason, a survey was conducted and the data show that citizen education and their contact with the law are not enough for the proper implementation of this law. Public awareness is needed not only to explain how to exercise the right to access information but especially to explain the importance of this law in the fight against corruption.
Applying the Viable System Model to an Organization with CSR Goals: The Case of a Charity Organization
Authors: Rodríguez Reyes Rayco , Gallego García Sergio , García García Manuel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Designing and adapting organizations to secure viability and increase performance is a challenge. Research models often fail to integrate corporate social responsibility (CSR) aspects in the concept development and its implementation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a holistic approach how organizations can be designed, changed and managed considering its implications to service management under a CSR approach. Hereby the Viable System Model was applied. Its structure can be applied to any kind of structured organization and for its management with goals to be achieved in modern society; however focus of the research is the cluster of charity organizations. Goal of the developed model is to be able to react to all potential organizational environments by taking decisions correctly and in the right moment based on the needed information reducing service lead times and manpower allocation as well as increasing the service level. To ensure this, service management tasks were assigned and standardized communication channels were defined. In conclusion this proposed approach empowers organizations to have internal mechanisms to secure viability by pursuing the goal of a high performance CSR approach.
How Principles of Business Ethics Relates to Corporate Governance and Directors?
Authors: Şahin Ayşe 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
How can we define business ethics? Which principles are inherent in it? Business ethics propose several principles to be considered by companies, commercial entities, as well as other entities such as NGO’s, cooperatives, public organizations etc. First, this study will clarify the meaning and scope of business ethics and the principles included, such as integrity, fairness, trust, openness, truthfulness etc. Secondly, I will try to examine different facets of business ethics. I will approach this concept especially from a legal perspective and try to determine which aspects of this concept have been integrated into law. Business ethics has reflections especially in business law and corporate governance and is being “legalized” by the corporate codes of conduct. This study aims to clarify that business ethics are mentioned explicitly in Turkish law, in the Code of Corporate Governance concerning public companies and discuss legal impact of this regulation. As a result of this quotation in the Turkish Legislation, there could be revealed several questions. One of the questions is whether ethical standards might be a source of liability of the board and directors. In my presentation I would like to examine to what extent ethical standards interrelates with corporate governance codes and the liability of directors. Business ethics can be described as a source concept and a set of principles, that gives rise to fields such as “corporate governance”, “corporate responsibility”, “liability of directors” and “human rights in business” concerning especially working conditions of the employees. Business ethics has an intersection with all the mentioned fields. In the second part of this study, I will try to clarify the connection of business ethics with corporate governance principles in business and then conclude how business ethics has been adopted into legal system and how it shapes and affect business practices especially in Turkish law.
Pecking Order and Trade – off Capital Structure Theories in the European Countries Supported by European Stability Mechanism
Authors: Chatzinas Georgios , Markopoulou Maria , Papadopoulos Simeon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The financial assistance provided by European Stability Mechanism during the recent European crisis was accompanied with severe austerity measures and strict reforms that changed significantly the economic environment in the countries that accepted it. The present study examines whether these changes affected the capital structure of the European firms in these countries. Using accounting data for firms in Cyprus, Greece, Ireland and Portugal, the researchers created a balanced panel database and applied the Shyam-Sunders and Myers (1999) methodology to investigate whether pecking order or trade-off hypotheses can better explain the financing decision of the firms in these countries during the period before and after the outset of the ESM financial assistance. The results indicate that the firms’ capital structure decisions are explained by both theories in Greece, Cyprus and Portugal before the beginning of the EMS program, while only by trade-off in Ireland. On the other hand, after the beginning of the ESM program the firms’ capital structures are better explained by trade-off hypothesis in Greece and Cyprus, while nothing changed in cases of Ireland and Portugal. The fact that Greek and Cypriot tax rates increased the most among the four examined countries may explain at least partially the above differentiations. So, the economic environment is a primary factor that affects the explanatory power of each capital structure theory. Moreover, a change in economic environment may lead to a change in the dominant capital structure theory.
The Role of Competitive Cities as a Response to Regional Challenges in Latin America
Authors: Gocłowska-Bolek Joanna 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the article, a phenomenon of urbanization of Latin America was analysed in terms of its impact on the level of competitiveness of the cities. A role that cities play in Latin America’s economy was emphasized. The author has examined a number of reliable reports on competitiveness of the cities and on this basis formulated its assessment of the level of competitiveness on a global basis, including identifying strengths and weaknesses of the cities, key areas for strong economic development and proposes recommendations. Based on the analysis of available data and source reports, the main trends in urbanization have been identified that may affect the dynamics of the Latin American city's competitiveness.
Comparative Review of Socio Economic Levels in Balkan Countries
Authors: Boyacıoğlu Ebru Z. , Atakan Müge 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The paper analyses the state of Balkan Countries' socio economic levels and their structures based on development indicators. The main objective of the research is to identify the main differences between the Balkan countries’ and relate them to the differences existing in the overall. The socio-economic performance of Balkan Countries have been discussed elaborately making a comparison between them. The general aim of research is to determine whether differences in socio-economic levels in Balkan countries between 2000 and 2017. This region is a developing countries’ geography . Also a comprehensive research encompassing of Balkan Countries is still lacking. It is important to determine the socio-economic status of this region in which political developments and changes have been bring out in the recent decades.The research included in current study is based on secondary data analysis. Indıcators from economy, population, health, environment gender, tourism, etc. were determined in the base of social and economic status. Research data were obtained from DataBank of World Bank. As a result of this research, although they are in same region and have similar conditions, main differences on socio-economic situations were found. Reducing socioeconomic inequalities depends upon speeding up structural reforms in Balkan Countries. The results obtained from this research can be used as a source for planning the structural reforms (if needed).
Risk Assessment of the Adverse Events in Air Transportation
Authors: Maklakovs Juris , Tereščenko Jevgēnijs , Šestakovs Vladimirs 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the field of security in transport distinguish risks related to flight safety and aviation security. Safety of flights is ensured through the reliability of aviation equipment and the qualification of the personnel who services and operates it, aviation security is a condition of protection from illegal interference in its activity. Risk management in civil aviation in the field of security is a relatively new direction of activity. Deep research in this area began only at the beginning of the XXI century. It is quite difficult to use the existing experience of risk management, accumulated in other spheres, as civil aviation has significant features. Various methods and schemes can be used to assess risks. The article discusses various options for predicting risks using the “event tree” and “risk factor tree” methods.
Pharmacists’ Opinions on the Implementation of HIV and HepC Point-of-Care-Testing in a U.S. Pharmacy Chain
Authors: So Elizabeth , Brands Monica , Suomala Erin , Ogden Bridget , Riss Jennifer , Cernasev Alina , Schommer Jon 
Published: February 2019

Background: The role of community pharmacists continues to expand with immunizations, medication therapy management, and point-of-care testing (POCT). Current guidelines recommend that Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) testing become integrated into routine care. Current guidelines recommend all people aged 13-64 be tested for HIV at least once in their lifetime, with those at higher risk for HIV tested at least annually.1 Regarding HCV, current guidelines recommend a one-time HCV test in persons born from 1945 to 1965, as well as other individuals based on exposures, behaviors, and conditions or circumstances that increase HCV infection risk.2 Currently available HIV and HCV treatment regimens are safe and highly effective. With HCV, successful treatment can halt disease progression to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma.3 POCT in community pharmacy offers an ideal location due to its accessibility, convenience, and lower cost to patients who might not otherwise be tested. However, HIV and HCV screenings are not routinely conducted by community pharmacists due to many barriers. Though many barriers to HIV and HCV POCT have been identified at the patient, provider, and institutional level, little is known about pharmacist-perceived barriers. It is worth noting that the barrier of state legislation limiting POCT in pharmacies has been resolved – currently 49 states have some form of statute that allows for delegation of prescriptive authority between a prescriber and community pharmacist.4 Though this removed barrier means increased availability of POCT, as the studies above have demonstrated, the mere availability of POCT is not enough for its implementation.
Objective: The main objective of this study is to identify pharmacist-perceived barriers and their level of confidence in performing community pharmacy-based POCT for HIV and HCV.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was sent to all pharmacists working in a regional grocery store chain to evaluate their opinions and attitudes toward the implementation of POCT for HIV and HCV. The electronic survey questions consisted of Likert scale, select-all-that-apply, yes/no and no open-ended questions.
Results: The perceived barriers to implementation of HIV and HCV POCT in a community setting identified by pharmacists include staffing, time to conduct test, patient out-of-pocket cost, and discussion of positive results. Pharmacists’ perceived level of confidence was greatest with providing basic education and incorporating HIV and HCV POCT into workflow; whereas discussion of a positive result was perceived as less confident.
Conclusions: While this survey determined pharmacist support for the implementation of HIV and HCV POCT, additional studies are needed before effective implementation of HIV and HCV POCT in a community pharmacy chain.

Article Type: Original Research
Medication Risk Management
Authors: Mohiuddin AK 
Published: February 2019

Historically, the FDA has interpreted the requirement that a drug must be “safe” to mean that the benefits of a drug outweigh its risks. The determination was made on a “categorical” basis, where the totality of risks was weighted against the totality of benefits when considered for the purposes outlined in the drug product’s labeling. If a drug did not meet this criterion, it was not approved or its label was rewritten to narrow the conditions for use. This logic was endemic in the FDA for most of the 20th century. On average, two to four drugs over each 5-year period were withdrawn from the marketplace after post-marketing surveillance data uncovered new risks. Similarly, on occasion, the FDA would require some special “tool” or intervention to improve a product’s safety profile. Harm associated with medication remains the second most common type of incident in hospitals, as reported by the Clinical Excellence Commission. Health services actively review medication safety. The vast majority of medication errors result in no injury. A minor injury may result, for example, in a patient needing an increased level of monitoring. Even if incidents result in minor injury, managers and staff still take any errors very seriously, reviewing the actions around the incident and making improvements as a result. FDA’s new concepts for risk management amount to a “cultural shift” in the logic of drug approval and the FDA’s role. The key events that led to this change can be traced to a series of reports that highlighted the need for improved medical safety. In 1999, the IOM released a report entitled, “To Err is Human.” This report reviewed the nature and cause of medication errors, estimating that up to 98,000 people died each year due to these errors. In their assessment, the IOM included both adverse drug reactions and human errors in drug administration. The report captured the attention of news reporters and the government. Headlines proclaimed alarm at the larger number of fatalities caused by medical errors. Consequently, there was a government-wide initiative started to develop methods and institute procedures to reduce medical errors. Statements made by FDA officials regarding some of these withdrawals suggested that the FDA no longer believed that passive oversight and re-labeling drugs with new warnings was sufficient. Furthermore, the FDA no longer believed that it was sufficient to identify safe conditions of use in the label and that healthcare professionals and patients had to comply with advocated directions of use for the drug to remain on the market.

Article Type: Commentary
Synthesis and Characterization of (1, 4)-4-benzylidene-1-(1- phenylethylidene) thiosemicarbazide and their Antifungal Activities
Authors: L Ilavarasan  , A Ravi  , M Ganapathi  , R Sapthagiri  , K Mohanraj  , J Vinayagam  , Tamiloli Devendhiran  
Published: February 2019

The Present research work is aimed to synthesize a serious of various substituted Schiff bases compounds of 1-(1-phenylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide form (1,4)-4-benzylidene-1-(1-phenylethylidene)Thiosemicarbazide condenses with Four different substituted aryl aldehydes under Microwave irradiation and conventional method. The structure for compounds has been determined by UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR and Mass s spectroscopy. All the compounds are evaluated for its anti-fungal activity.
Performance and Emission Analysis of Diesel Engine Using Karanja Oil Biodiesel Blend with Diethyl Ether
Authors: M.K. Murthi  , M. Ragunath  , A. Vellingiri  
Published: February 2019

In 21 st century energy demand was increased by reason of development of industries, population, amount of vehicles. But availability of fuel is not satisfied. In other routes to solve the energy demand and control the pollution under using of alternative fuels. The usage of fossil fuel is causes to more pollution and change environmental conditions. The use of biodiesel is one of the major solution for this kind of problems. Our project work is used Karanja biodiesel for potentiate the diesel. The Karanja oil is readily available in India and it has more potential to use as alternative fuel in diesel engine without modification. Experimental is going conduct to study the performance and emissions characteristics of biodiesel, additive used biodiesel and compared with diesel. Similarly, the properties like calorific value, flash point, viscosity and fire point also going to study
Asset Mapping as a Tool for Identifying Resources in Community Health: A Methodological Overview
Authors: Turin Tanvir C , Shahid Maaz , Vaska Marcua 
Published: February 2019

Background:
By focusing on a community’s strengths instead of its’ weaknesses, the process of asset mapping provides researchers a new way to assess community health. This process is also a useful tool for assessing health-related needs, disparities, and inequities within the communities. This paper aims to serve as a basic and surface level guide to understanding and planning for creating an asset map.
Methods:
A step-by-step guideline is provided in this paper as an introduction to those interested in creating an asset map using organizational outlines and previous application in research projects.
Results:
To help readers better grasp asset maps, a few examples are first provided that show the application of asset maps in health research, community engagement, and community partnerships. This is followed by elaboration of the six steps involved in the creation of an asset map.
Conclusion:
This paper introduces researchers to the steps required to create an asset map, with examples from published literature. The intended audience includes students and researchers new to the creation of asset maps.
Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Mobile Instant Messaging Terhadap Self-Efficacy dan Kemampuan Kognitif Siswa pada Materi Hukum Newton
Authors: Kurniati Rika Dwi , Suana Wayan , Maharta Nengah 
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan mobile instant messaging (MIM) WhatsApp terhadap self efficacy dan kemampuan kognitif siswa pada materi Hukum Newton. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah non-equivalent control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan subyek siswa SMAN 9 Bandar Lampung kelas XI MIPA 1 sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas XI MIPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang berjumlah masing-masing 30 siswa pada Semester Ganjil Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah independent sample t-test untuk uji parametrik dan Mann-Withney U-test untuk uji non parametrik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh bahwa rata-rata post-test self efficacy pada kelas eksperimen 80,1 sedangkan pada kelas kontrol 67,06. Rata-rata postest kemampuan kognitif siswa pada kelas eksperimen 81,33 dan pada kelas kontrol 73,66. Perbedaan kedua kelas baik pada self efficacy dan kemampuan kognitif sangat signifikan dimana nilai kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai kelas kontrol. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa self efficacy dan kemampuan kognitif siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran berbantuan MIM WhatsApp lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kelas yang tidak menggunakan WhatsApp.
The Induced Absorption of Photorefractive Crystals BSO
Authors: Кamil Hanoon Haider 
Published: February 2019

This study aims to calculate the induced absorption coefficient in the photorefractive crystals (Bi12 SiO20). A theoretical model was proposed and by using mathcad14 program the results were obtained .The average of induced absorption coefficient (α) was highest at (420 cm-1). Through using the proposed program, the induced absorption coefficient was found theoretically then compared with the experimental results through different situations. The exciting wavelengths of laser were 530, 500mm. It is noticed that the practical results conforms with the theoretical ones. The induced absorption coefficient increases with the increasing the applied powers. Practically, different laser rays of various wavelength have been focused on the crystal BSO. The spectrometer was used to get the spectrum of each wavelength and then the spectrum of crystal was found without radiation . Using a laser generator (Parametric light generator LТ-2215), different wavelengths were obtained (520, 530, 545, 580, 590, 600) nm. The induced absorption coefficient increases when the exciting wavelength decreases, where the influential wavelength was 520nm. http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/JKP/100202