bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIM Backed Decision Support System in the Management of Heritage Building
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad Hadi , Ali Maisarah , Mohd Ismail Kamsiah , Has Yun Hashim Khairusy Syakirin , Mohd Suhaimi Mohamad Saifulnizam 
Published: May 2019

Historical buildings are always at risk to great danger strike by fire, flood and other potential disasters affecting the building conditions. Thus positive and continuous actions need to be taken to preserve the heritage buildings or else a country might lose its cultural heritage value. In managing historic buildings, managers are often faced with complex decision-making process due to limited or unavailability of reliable information. The absence of such information influenced the way decision making and problem-solving made by the managers. This paper aims to highlight the potentials of Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a decision support system for cultural heritage management. An embedded case study was conducted on Istana Balai Besar Kota Bharu, focusing on the changes of the historical building's layout to demonstrate the ontology. A measured drawing dated back in 1976 was used together with the terrestrial laser scanning activity performed presently on the physical building in creating a model in BIM environment. The result gives an overview about tracking information on changes within a historical building as part of cultural heritage management. This paper finds that by modelling the data captured by the 3D laser scanner and utilizing the existing data, BIM is capable of helping managers to retrieve, analyze and store important information in a more efficient and productive process. This exploration is substantial as a precursor to a much broader study on BIM for cultural heritage in the Malaysian context. As BIM is set to drive the construction industry, the finding made would be a catalyst for creating awareness to support the development of BIM for cultural heritage management in Malaysia.
Planning simulation space needs in uncertain contexts
Authors: Tann Catherine , Bates Richard 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionKing’s College London delivers simulation-based education to approximately 5500 different students who use a Simulation and Interactive Learning (SaIL) centre which was designed for significantly different needs. The management team needs to plan for current and future demand in the context of changing regulatory and curricular requirements, and changing technologies. The authors developed a model to address this challenge.MethodsWe used a structured approach involving university data and interviews with module leaders. Assumptions were needed on target student numbers, group sizes and time spent in a simulation centre. The algorithm at the core of the model applies the targets and assumptions to a profile of room use by type of room, as experienced by a typical student over the course of one year. Individual course results are summed and rounded up, to provide an overall demand for space which can be compared to capacity.ResultsThe number of SaIL rooms required is expected to almost double by 2022/2023. The mix of spaces must also change to enable more simultaneous immersive simulation of diverse types, with associated debrief spaces also increasing.ConclusionsThis model helps maximise impact by creating connectivity between a vision, business targets and the physical space. Financial resources are used more effectively by avoiding potential over or underprovision. Flexibility of build will remain important, as no-one can predict the future; however, a detailed, quantified model can help raise the quality of discussion about future aspirations and how closely we might meet them.
Annealing effect on indium tin oxide thin films by DC magnetron sputtering for alkali vapor cell heating
Authors: Li Jianhua , Jiang Zhiyuan , Lin Pingwei , Chen Xinhua , Zhong Lin , Zhang Longfa , Wang Xueshen 
Published: May 2019

This paper reports the annealing effect on the DC sputter transparent conducting tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films for the alkali vapor cell heater of the chip-scale atomic sensors. ITO films with a thickness of 140 nm were deposited on BF33 glass substrates at [Formula: see text], followed by an annealing process in N2 atmosphere for 2 h at different temperatures between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The effect of annealing on the crystal structure, surface morphology, optical, and electrical properties of ITO films was characterized. The predominant orientation of crystal face of the as-deposited and annealed ITO thin films was (222) instead of (400). After annealing at [Formula: see text] the ITO film exhibits the highest transmittance ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]90%) to the lights at the wavelength of 780 nm, 795 nm and 894 nm regarding the probe light in a chip scale atomic device. Besides, the lowest sheet resistance and resistivity were obtained as 27.8 [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] separately. The refractive index and extinction coefficients results verified the crystal orientation and the transmittance results. This thin ITO film was expected to be the best candidate for the transparent heater in the chip scale atomic devices.
Can Exercise-Induced Modulation of the Tumor Physiologic Microenvironment Improve Antitumor Immunity?
Authors: Zhang Xiaojie , Ashcraft Kathleen A. , Betof Warner Allison , Nair Smita K. , Dewhirst Mark W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe immune system plays an important role in controlling cancer growth. However, cancers evolve to evade immune detection. Immune tolerance and active immune suppression results in unchecked cancer growth and progression. A major contributor to immune tolerance is the tumor physiologic microenvironment, which includes hypoxia, hypoglucosis, lactosis, and reduced pH. Preclinical and human studies suggest that exercise elicits mobilization of leukocytes into circulation (also known as “exercise-induced leukocytosis”), especially cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. However, the tumor physiologic microenvironment presents a significant barrier for these cells to enter the tumor and, once there, properly function. We hypothesize that the effect of exercise on the immune system's ability to control cancer growth is linked to how exercise affects the tumor physiologic microenvironment. Normalization of the microenvironment by exercise may promote more efficient innate and adaptive immunity within the tumor. This review summarizes the current literature supporting this hypothesis.
Anti-CD105 Antibody Eliminates Tumor Microenvironment Cells and Enhances Anti-GD2 Antibody Immunotherapy of Neuroblastoma with Activated Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Wu Hong-Wei , Sheard Michael A. , Malvar Jemily , Fernandez G. Esteban , DeClerck Yves A. , Blavier Laurence , Shimada Hiroyuki , Theuer Charles P. , Sposto Richard , Seeger Robert C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurpose:We determined whether elimination of CD105+ cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with anti-CD105 antibodies enhanced anti-disialoganglioside (GD2) antibody dinutuximab therapy of neuroblastoma when combined with activated natural killer (aNK) cells.Experimental Design:The effect of MSCs and monocytes on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by dinutuximab with aNK cells against neuroblastoma cells was determined in vitro. ADCC with anti-CD105 mAb TRC105 and aNK cells against MSCs, monocytes, and endothelial cells, which express CD105, was evaluated. Anti-neuroblastoma activity in immunodeficient NSG mice of dinutuximab with aNK cells without or with anti-CD105 mAbs was determined using neuroblastoma cell lines and a patient-derived xenograft.Results:ADCC mediated by dinutuximab with aNK cells against neuroblastoma cells in vitro was suppressed by addition of MSCs and monocytes, and dinutuximab with aNK cells was less effective against neuroblastomas formed with coinjected MSCs and monocytes in NSG mice than against those formed by tumor cells alone. Anti-CD105 antibody TRC105 with aNK cells mediated ADCC against MSCs, monocytes, and endothelial cells. Neuroblastomas formed in NSG mice by two neuroblastoma cell lines or a patient-derived xenograft coinjected with MSCs and monocytes were most effectively treated with dinutuximab and aNK cells when anti-human (TRC105) and anti-mouse (M1043) CD105 antibodies were added, which depleted human MSCs and murine endothelial cells and macrophages from the TME.Conclusions:Immunotherapy of neuroblastoma with anti-GD2 antibody dinutuximab and aNK cells is suppressed by CD105+ cells in the TME, but suppression is overcome by adding anti-CD105 antibodies to eliminate CD105+ cells.
Estimation of Phenytoin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Saudi Epileptic Patients
Authors: Alqahtani Saeed , Alzaidi Thuraya , Alotaibi Mashal , Alsultan Abdullah 
Published: May 2019

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aimed to assess the population pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in Saudi patients and identify factors affecting therapeutic parameters. <b><i>Method:</i></b> A retrospective chart review was performed at King Saud University Medical City on patients treated with oral phenytoin. We used Monolix 4.4. for population pharmacokinetic modeling. A base model was developed to investigate several covariates, including age, gender, weight, total daily dose (TTD), and liver function test results. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The analysis included a total of 81 phenytoin plasma concentrations from 43 patients (70% male). Patients’ mean (± SD) age was 41 (±18.7) years and body weight was 65.4 (±17.7) kg. The patients received a phenytoin TDD of 330.5 (±104.5) mg/day, resulting in a trough concentration of 11.2 (±10.3) mg/L. The data were sufficiently described by the one-compartment open model with linear absorption and nonlinear elimination processes. Average parameter estimates for phenytoin volume of distribution (V), maximal elimination rate (V<sub>max</sub>), and Michaelis-Menten constant (K<sub>m)</sub> were 0.61 L/h/kg, 6.12 mg/kg/day, and 5.33 mg/L, respectively. The most significant covariates on phenytoin V<sub>max</sub> and K<sub>m</sub> were the age and body weight of the patients, along with valproic acid (VPA) cotherapy. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The population pharmacokinetic model of phenytoin in Saudi patients found significant interindividual variability between subjects, which was affected by the patients’ age, body weight, and VPA cotherapy as the most significant covariates on phenytoin V<sub>max</sub> and K<sub>m</sub>. To provide guidance in drug dosage decisions, further studies are required to evaluate all factors that may potentially influence the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin.
КОРЕЛЯЦІЙНІ ЗВ’ЯЗКИ БІОХІМІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ, ЦИТОКІНОВОГО ТА ІМУННОГО СТАТУСУ У ВАГІТНИХ, ЯКІ ПРОЖИВАЮТЬ НА РАДІАЦЙНО ЗАБРУДНЕНИХ І РАДІОАКТИВНО “ЧИСТИХ” ТЕРИТОРІЯХ ВОЛИНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ
Authors: Konovalenko O. V. , Lapovets L. Ye. 
Published: May 2019

Вступ. Незважаючи на істотні досягнення у вивченні наслідків катастрофи для здоров’я вагітних жінок і дітей, яких вони народили, що дозволили зробити певні висновки про негативний вплив гострої та пролонгованої дії радіаційного опромінення на організм вагітної і плода, багато питань цієї складної проблеми дотепер залишаються невивченими.
Мета дослідження – визначити кореляційні зв’язки показників цитокінової системи та імунного статусу з досліджуваними показниками у вагітних з екстрагенітальною патологією залежно від радіаційного забруднення території проживання Волинської області.
Методи дослідження. Було обстежено 60 вагітних жінок віком 18–25 років у термін вагітності 19–37 тижні, які перебували на лікуванні та спостереженні у відділенні екстрагенітальної патології з приводу серцево-судинної патології. Обстежених жінок поділили на 2 дослідних групи: 1-ша (30 вагітних) – в основному мешканки м. Луцька та районів, які не належать до забруднених територій; 2-га (30 вагітних) – мешканки забруднених внаслідок аварії на Чорнобильській атомній електростанції районів Волині – Маневицького, Любешівського та Камінь-Каширського. До контрольної групи входили 30 вагітних жінок такого ж віку.
Результати й обговорення. У 1-й групі сильні вірогідні позитивні кореляційні зв’язки виявлено між концентрацією інтерлейкіну 1β та активністю аланінамінотрансферази (r=0,78; р<0,05), між концентрацією інтерлейкіну 6 та процентним вмістом CD56+ (r=0,98; р<0,05), у 2-й – між концентрацією інтерлейкіну 1β і вмістом інтерлейкіну 6 (r=0,94; р<0,05), а також між процентним вмістом CD56+ та процентним вмістом Т-лімфоцитів (r=-0,81; р<0,05), процентним вмістом В-лімфоцитів (r=-0,79; р<0,05).
МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ЗМІНИ В ОРГАНАХ ЩУРІВ ЗА КОМБІНОВАНОЇ ДІЇ СОЛЕЙ ВАЖКИХ МЕТАЛІВ ТА ФОСФОРОРГАНІЧНИХ ПЕСТИЦИДІВ
Authors: Dumukhalska Ye. B. 
Published: May 2019

Вступ. Отруєння свинцем є небезпечним для здоров’я населення. Свинець і його сполуки використовують у промисловості для виготовлення фарб, емалей та ін., тому одним з основних шляхів потрапляння свинцю в організм людини є вдихання пилу і диму його сполук. Свинець проявляє імунотоксичність, викликає ураження печінки, нирок, органів дихання, кровоносної та нервової систем.
Мета дослідження – вивчити вплив Плюмбуму ацетату, Купруму сульфату і гліфосату у формі раундапу на морфологічні зміни в тканинах серця, нирок та печінки щурів різного віку.
Методи дослідження. Досліди проводили на лабораторних нелінійних білих щурах-самцях трьох вікових періодів: статевонезрілих (молодих масою 70–90 г і віком 1–3 міс.), статевозрілих (дорослих масою 170–210 г і віком 5–8 міс.), старих (масою 250–300 г і віком 20–24 місяці), яким внутрішньошлунково протягом 30-ти днів вводили водні розчини Плюмбуму ацетату, Купруму сульфату і гліфосату (у формі гербіциду раундапу) та виконували корекцію пептидом цистеїл-гістидил-тирозил-гістидил-ізолейцином. Гістологічні препарати вивчали після забарвлення їх гематоксиліном і еозином за допомогою світлового мікроскопа OLYMPUS “CX 21”.
Результати й обговорення. Встановлено, що введення тваринам водних розчинів Плюмбуму ацетату, Купруму сульфату і раундапу впливає на функції їх органів. Під час морфологічних досліджень було виявлено клітинні ураження в тканинах серця, нирок та печінки щурів, викликані введенням ксенобіотиків. Гістологічні ураження включали запалення, гіперхромну анемію, поліморфну інфільтрацію клубочків та клітинну дегенерацію нирок і печінки. Спостерігали дистрофію паренхіматозних клітин, некротичні процеси та застійні явища в серці, нирках і печінці всіх піддослідних тварин.
EFFECT OF 7-DAY INTRODUCTION OF GLUTATHIONE ON ACTIVITIES OF H2S-PRODUCING ENZYMES IN THE LIVER OF RATS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL NEPHROPATHY CONDITIONS
Authors: Ferenchuk E. O. , Gerush I. V. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Kidney diseases are a worldwide health problem. The renal dysfunctions cause the production of reactive oxygen species and can co-exist with different liver disease, or stimulate their development, so scientists are becoming more interested in the study of the influence of antioxidants such as glutathione on metabolic pathways of the body under conditions of different disease. Hydrogen sulfide has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects that are mediated by its ability to downregulate the synthesis of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species-producing enzymes and may play an important role in the mechanism of development of nephropathy.
The aim of the study – to learn the effect of glutathione introduction within 7 days on the system of H2S production in the liver of rats under conditions of experimental nephropathy.
Research Methods. The experiment was conducted on albino mature male rats. The animals in experimental group were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of folic acid (250 mg/kg). Glutathione was introduced intragastral (100 mg/kg) within 7 days after intoxication. The activity of H2S-producing enzymes, the concentration and production of H2S were measured in the liver.
Results and Discussion. Under conditions of experimental nephropathy there was a decrease in the concentration and production of hydrogen sulfide compared with the control group. The introduction of glutathione increased the content of hydrogen sulfide and promoted the growth of the activities of H2S-producing enzymes in the liver of rats.
Conclusions. It was found that the content and production of hydrogen sulfide in the group of animals with nephropathy were diminished by a decrease in the activities of hepatic H2S-producing enzymes. The introduction of glutathione increased the content of hydrogen sulfide by stimulation the activities of cystathionine-β-synthase and cysteinaminotransferase in the liver of rats. As reasons for this effect, antioxidant properties of glutathione and the possibility of including tripeptide as a source of cysteine in the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide are considered.
STATUS OF THE HUMORAL LINK OF IMMUNITY AT EXPERIMENTAL PERITONITIS ON THE BACKGROUND OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Dzyubanovsky I. Ya. , Vervega B. M. , Pidruchna S. R. , Melnyk S. R. , Prodan A. M. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The combined course of acute peritonitis and diabetes increasingly leads to the development of secondary immunodeficiencies, which contribute to an increase in the percentage of postoperative complications and fatalities, the emergence of complexity of treatment and diagnosis.
The aim of the study – to learn the peculiarities of humoral link of the immune response in the organism of experimental animals during simulated acute common peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus compared with animals with experimental acute peritonitis alone.
Reserch Methods. 56 white rats were used in this work. Diabetes mellitus was modeled by intraperitoneal administration of Srethosotocin from “Sigma” firm with the rate of 7 mg per 100 g of animal mass, acute peritonitis – insertion of 0.5 ml of 10 % of the captured fecal suspension into the abdominal cavity of the animals. The concentration of immunoglobulins in serum was determined. Observation time points: 1, 3, and 7 days from the beginning of the peritonitis modeling.
Results and Discussion. Analyzing the results of studies, it can be stated that there were observed directed changes in the concentration of immunoglobulins in blood serum of rats of different groups. Thus, on the first day after simulating acute common peritonitis on the background of diabetes, the level of Ig G decreased by 1.5 times, Ig M – by 1.3 times and Ig A – by 1.4 times (p<0.05). On the seventh day of the experiment, levels of all classes of immunoglobulins were statistically significantly lower than those of the group with acute common peritonitis: Ig G level was lower by 21 %, Ig M and Ig A were lower by 17 % and 56 % respectively (p<0.05). The results of our studies indicate that the presence of diabetes in acute general peritonitis leads to a decrease in the resistance of the humoral level of the immune system with antigenic stimulation and secondary immunodeficiency states.
Conclusion. In animals with acute peritonitis, protective mechanisms of the humoral immunity level are substantially reduced on the background of diabetes, which is confirmed by statistically significantly lower levels of immunoglobulins of classes A, M, G compared to a group of animals with a pattern of acute peritonitis. The revealed functional impairment of humoral immunity indicates an appreciable weakening of the organism's protection factors in acute peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus with the development of secondary immunodeficiency.
Entrapment: An Important Mechanism to Explain the Shortwave 3D Radiative Effect of Clouds
Authors: Hogan Robin J. , Fielding Mark D. , Barker Howard W. , Villefranque Najda , Schäfer Sophia A. K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral mechanisms have previously been proposed to explain differences between the shortwave reflectance of realistic cloud scenes computed using the 1D independent column approximation (ICA) and 3D solutions of the radiative transfer equation. When the sun is low in the sky, interception of sunlight by cloud sides tends to increase reflectance relative to ICA estimates that neglect this effect. When the sun is high, 3D radiative transfer tends to make clouds less reflective, which we argue is explained by the mechanism of “entrapment” whereby horizontal transport of radiation beneath a cloud layer increases the chances, relative to the ICA, of light being absorbed by cloud or the surface. It is especially important for multilayered cloud scenes. We describe modifications to the previously described Speedy Algorithm for Radiative Transfer through Cloud Sides (SPARTACUS) to represent different entrapment assumptions, and test their impact on 65 contrasting scenes from a cloud-resolving model. When entrapment is represented explicitly via a calculation of the mean horizontal distance traveled by reflected light, SPARTACUS predicts a mean “3D radiative effect” (the difference in top-of-atmosphere irradiances between 3D and ICA calculations) of 8.1 W m−2 for overhead sun. This is within 2% of broadband Monte Carlo calculations on the same scenes. The importance of entrapment is highlighted by the finding that the extreme assumptions in SPARTACUS of “zero entrapment” and “maximum entrapment” lead to corresponding mean 3D radiative effects of 1.7 and 19.6 W m−2, respectively.
Shallow Cumulus Representation and Its Interaction with Radiation and Surface at the Convection Gray Zone
Authors: Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia Xabier , Jiménez Pedro A. , Dudhia Jimy , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Jordi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study presents a systematic analysis of convective parameterizations performance with interactive radiation, microphysics, and surface on an idealized day with shallow convection. To this end, we analyze a suite of mesoscale numerical experiments (i.e., with parameterized turbulence). In the first set, two different convection schemes represent shallow convection at a 9-km resolution. These experiments are then compared with model results omitting convective parameterizations at 9- and 3-km horizontal resolution (gray zone). Relevant in our approach is to compare the results against two simulations by different large-eddy simulation (LES) models. Results show that the mesoscale experiments, including the 3-km resolution, are unable to adequately represent the timing, intensity, height, and extension of the shallow cumulus field. The main differences with LES experiments are the following: a too late onset, too high cloud base, and a too early transport of moisture too high, overestimating the second cloud layer. Related to this, both convective parameterizations produce warm and dry biases of up to 2 K and 2 g kg−1, respectively, in the cloud layer. This misrepresentation of the cloud dynamics leads to overestimated shortwave radiation variability, both spacewise and timewise. Domain-averaged shortwave radiation at the surface, however, compares satisfactorily with LES. The shortwave direct and diffuse partition is misrepresented by the convective parameterizations with an underestimation (overestimation) of diffuse (direct) radiation both locally and, by a relative 40% (10%), of the domain average.