bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Spectral Domain and Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography for Angle Assessment of Chinese elderly subjects
Authors: Qiao Yunsheng , Tan Chen , Zhang Min , Sun Xinghui , Chen Junyi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background This comparative study aimed to demonstrate the differences between swept source OCT (SS-OCT) (1310nm) and spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) (840nm) for the identification and measurement of anterior chamber angle (ACA) structures. Methods 67 eyes from 67 healthy subjects underwent ACA imaging at the nasal and temporal sides using SS-OCT and SD-OCT with different wavelength (Tomey, 1310nm and RTvue, 840nm). Images were evaluated for the ability to distinguish angle structures including the Schwalbe’s line (SL), the Schlemm’s canal (SC) and the scleral spur (SS). The length of trabecular meshwork (LTM), the angle-opening distance (AOD500 and AOD750) and the length of Schlemm’s canal (LSC) were also measured. Results The nasal/temporal identification rate for angle structures by SS-OCT and SD-OCT were 91.04%/86.57% (SL), 50.75%/68.66% (SC), 100.0%/100.0% (SS) and 89.55%/91.04% (SL), 40.30%/70.15% (SC), 74.63%/65.67% (SS), respectively. Differences between SS-OCT and SD-OCT were found in terms of the visualization of the SS. With respect to the measurements of angle, the evaluation of LTM at the nasal side, LSC at the temporal side and AOD500/750 at both sides showed significant difference between the two devices. However, there existed good correlation between the AOD500/750 measured by SS-OCT and SD-OCT (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient > 0.8, p<0.000). Conclusions SS-OCT displayed a better performance in detecting deeper structures of the angle such as the SS. However, for discriminating structures lying in transparent or semi-transparent tissue such as the SL and the SC, the two devices showed good consistency. Although SS-OCT and SD-OCT demonstrated high correlation for angle measurement (AOD500/750), their agreement was poor.
Karaciğer Biyopsisi Nedenleri ve Sonuçları: Tek Merkez Deneyimi
Authors: GENCDAL Genco 
Published: June 2019

AmaçGirişimsel doğasına, olası komplikasyonlarına ve son dönemde geliştirilen radyolojik görüntüleme yöntemlerinin varlığına karşın, karaciğer biyopsisi akut ve kronik karaciğer hastalıklarının tanı ve tedavisinde halen altın standart yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada, karaciğer nakil merkezimizde 2015–2018 döneminde gerçekleştirilmiş olan karaciğer biyopsilerinin neden ve sonuçlarını retrospektif olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve YöntemlerOcak 2015—Mart 2018 döneminde kliniğimizde gerçekleştirilmiş olan karaciğer biyopsilerine dair dijital kayıtlar incelenmiştir. Biyopsi nedenleri ve histopatolojik inceleme sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Toplam 155 hastaya ait (erkek: 105, % 67,7; yaş ortalaması: 38±13,3) 155 karaciğer biyopsisi çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Karaciğer naklinde canlı verici değerlendirmesi en yaygın karaciğer biyopsisi nedeni olarak tespit edilmiş olup bunu karaciğer fonksiyon testlerindeki non-viral yükseklikler izlemiştir. Histopatolojik incelemelerin sonuçları sıklık sırasına göre non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı, kronik hepatit B, kronik hepatit C, toksik hepatit, otoimmün hepatit, karaciğer sirozu olarak tespit edilmiştir.Tartışma ve Sonuç: Çalışmamız karaciğer nakli verici değerlendirme biyopsileri içerdiğinden, nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı yüksek oranda tespit edilmiştir. Raporlanmış sonuçlardaki çeşitlilik ise histopatolojik incelemenin önemini göstermektedir. Daha sağlıklı değerlendirmeler için çeşitli merkezlerin verilerinin karşılaştırılmasına ve daha büyük ölçekli, prospektif, randomize kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
The Protective Effect of Korean Red Ginseng Against Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease in Rat Model: Modulation of Nuclear Factor-κβ and Caspase-3
Authors: Zaafan Mai A. , Abdelhamid Amr M. , Ibrahim Sherine M. 
Published: June 2019

Objective: :
Korean red ginseng was reported to have many biological effects like the antioxidant
and the anti-inflammatory activities. Oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation play major roles in
the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects
of ginseng on rotenone-induced PD in rats.

Methods::
Rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: normal rats, rotenone control, ginseng+rotenone
and ginseng only treated rats. The severity of PD was evaluated through locomotor activity perceived
in the open field test, histological examination and immunohistochemical detection of amyloid-β in
brain tissues, in addition to the biochemical assessment of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in brain tissues.
Moreover, the following parameters were investigated for studying the possible mechanisms of
ginseng neuroprotective effect: nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), caspase-
3, lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione (GSH).

Results::
Ginseng exhibited potent neuroprotective effect that was reflected upon the histopathological
examination, marked improvement in the locomotor activity and through its ability to suppress the amyloid-
β deposition in the cortex and striatum along with significant increase in the tyrosine hydroxylase
activity. Ginseng successfully inhibited the NF-κβ inflammatory pathway in brain tissues beside the
inhibition of other oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, it exhibited antiapoptotic
effect via the inhibition of caspase-3 expression.

Conclusion: :
Ginseng could be a promising treatment in PD. It can suppress dopaminergic neuron degeneration
through variable mechanisms mainly via inhibition of NF-κβ pathway in addition to inhibition
of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Evaluation of Characteristics of Concrete Mixed with Bamboo Leaf Ash
Authors: Onikeku Oluwaseye , Shitote Stanley Muse , Mwero John , Adedeji Adeola. A. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Concrete production around the globe is in billions of tons. Consequently, million metric tons of carbon dioxide are produced annually due to the cement consumption and production which, in turn, cause environmental menace.

Objective:
This research work examines the use of Bamboo Leaf Ash (BLA) as supplementary cementitious materials.

Methods:
The physical, mechanical, and durability properties were studied by partial substitution of cement with BLA at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% sequentially. Concrete cubes were cast and cured at 7, 28, 56, and 90 days. Beams were cast and cured at 28 days. A total number of five mixes were investigated, four out of the mix were dedicated to examining the impacts of BLA on the characteristics of concrete.

Results:
Soundness, consistency, initial and final setting time of cement paste values were lower than bamboo blended paste values at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% percentage replacement, respectively. The split tensile, compressive, and flexural strength values of conventional concrete were lower than bamboo leaf ash concrete accordingly. Water absorption, permeable voids, sorptivity, and bulk dry density of conventional concrete were higher than bamboo leaf ash concrete at all level of replacements.

Conclusion:
According to the analysis and experimental results obtained, BLA improved split tensile, compressive, and flexural strength benchmark at 10% as the optimum level of replacement. BLA reduced setting time, consistency, compacting factor, slump, water absorption, permeable voids, sorptivity, and density. To this end, BLA can be considered as a good pozzolanic material which can save the cost of construction, and improved concrete properties.
Harmonic Amplification Damping Using a DSTATCOM-based Artificial Intelligence Controller
Authors: Mejeed Raghad Ali , Jameil Ahmed K. , Hussein Husham Idan 
Published: June 2019

Background & Objective:
Harmonic amplification is one of the primary issues in power
system networks. The objective of this study is to manage the harmonic event and its significant effects
on power quality. A new control approach that uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) is proposed and
applied to a Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM). DSTATCOM is a
FACTS device that can achieve highly effective reactive power compensation to reduce and/or damp
the harmonic amplification in power system networks.

Results & Conclusion:
Simulation results are obtained using the MATLAB/Simulink package. The
validity and effectiveness of using the AI approach are proven based on the DSTATCOM FACTs
device with linear and nonlinear loads. Analysis results are discussed.
Medición de la contribución de las Exportaciones al Producto Interno Bruto de los países miembros de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones, mediante la estimación de elasticidades e impactos marginales
Authors: Lopez-Camargo Oscar , Carvajal Alexander 
Published: June 2019

Este documento buscó responder a la pregunta: ¿Cuál es la contribución causal de las Exportaciones (EXP) al Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) en las economías de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN) ?, por ello, se pretendía medir la contribución de exportaciones al crecimiento del PIB en los países miembros de la CAN; la metodología utilizada fue la estimación de modelos econométricos con las formas funcionales lineal-lineal, lineal-logarítmica, exponencial (logarítmico-lineal), logarítmica-logarítmica y recíproca; En estos modelos, se estableció como variable dependiente el PIB y como variable independiente EXP, luego de estimar los modelos, se calcularon las elasticidades e impactos marginales para cada forma funcional y para cada uno de los países miembros de la CAN (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe una inelasticidad EXP del producto PBI y que los impactos marginales son mayores que la unidad en la relación de dependencia de las variables.
Effects of a Mediterranean Eating Plan on the Need for Glucose-Lowering Medications in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes: A Subgroup Analysis of the PREDIMED Trial
Authors: Basterra-Gortari F. Javier , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Martínez-González Miguel A. , Babio Nancy , Sorlí José V. , Fito Montserrat , Ros Emilio , Gómez-Gracia Enrique , Fiol Miquel , Lapetra José , Estruch Ramón , Serra-Majem Luis , Pinto Xavier , González José I. , Bulló Mónica , Castañer Olga , Alonso-Gómez Ángel , Forga Luis , Arós Fernando 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of two Mediterranean eating plans (Med-EatPlans) versus a low-fat eating plan on the need for glucose-lowering medications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial, we selected 3,230 participants with type 2 diabetes at baseline. These participants were randomly assigned to one of three eating plans: Med-EatPlan supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), Med-EatPlan supplemented with mixed nuts, or a low-fat eating plan (control). In a subgroup (15%), the allocation was done in small clusters instead of using individual randomization, and the clustering effect was taken into account in the statistical analysis. In multivariable time-to-event survival models, we assessed two outcomes: 1) introduction of the first glucose-lowering medication (oral or injectable) among participants on lifestyle management at enrollment and 2) insulin initiation.

RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 3.2 years, in multivariable analyses adjusting for baseline characteristics and propensity scores, the hazard ratios (HRs) of starting a first glucose-lowering medication were 0.78 (95% CI 0.62–0.98) for Med-EatPlan + EVOO and 0.89 (0.71–1.12) for Med-EatPlan + nuts, compared with the control eating plan. After a median follow-up of 5.1 years, the adjusted HRs of starting insulin treatment were 0.87 (0.68–1.11) for Med-EatPlan + EVOO and 0.89 (0.69–1.14) for Med-EatPlan + nuts compared with the control eating plan.

CONCLUSIONS
Among participants with type 2 diabetes, a Med-EatPlan + EVOO may delay the introduction of new-onset glucose-lowering medications. The Med-EatPlan did not result in a significantly lower need for insulin.
Use of Plasma Fragments of Propeptides of Type III, V, and VI Procollagen for the Detection of Liver Fibrosis in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bril Fernando , Leeming Diana Julie , Karsdal Morten Asser , Kalavalapalli Srilaxmi , Barb Diana , Lai Jinping , Rabe Matthew , Cusi Kenneth 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the utility of plasma fragments of propeptides of type III (PRO-C3), V (PRO-C5), and VI (PRO-C6) procollagen for the detection of liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients with T2DM (n = 191) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, a liver 1H-MRS, and a liver biopsy when indicated. PRO-C3, PRO-C5, and PRO-C6 were blindly assessed.

RESULTS
PRO-C3 performed well for the diagnosis of moderate-to-advanced (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.81 [95% CI 0.74–0.88]) and advanced (AUROC 0.88 [0.80–0.95]) fibrosis in T2DM patients. Its performance was similar to that of AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) (AUROC 0.83 and 0.87, respectively) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) (AUROCs 0.83 and 0.86, respectively) scores. Use of PRO-C5 and PRO-C6 did not improve the accuracy to detect liver fibrosis. After 18 months, PRO-C3 changes were associated with changes in fibrosis stages.

CONCLUSIONS
PRO-C3 performed well for the detection of fibrosis in T2DM patients and showed promising results for prediction of histological changes in fibrosis stage with treatment.
The Association of Late-Life Diabetes Status and Hyperglycemia With Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The ARIC Study
Authors: Rawlings Andreea M. , Sharrett A. Richey , Albert Marilyn S. , Coresh Josef , Windham B. Gwen , Power Melinda C. , Knopman David S. , Walker Keenan , Burgard Sheila , Mosley Thomas H. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE
We sought to examine associations in older adults among diabetes, glycemic control, diabetes duration, and biomarkers of hyperglycemia with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and incident dementia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a prospective analysis of 5,099 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study who attended the fifth (2011–2013) exam. Cognitive status was assessed during follow-up via telephone calls, death certificate codes, surveillance, and a follow-up examination (2016–2017). We defined incident cognitive impairment as incident MCI or incident dementia in persons dementia-free at the index examination; we also examined each outcome separately. Diabetes was defined using self-report, medications, or HbA1c ≥6.5%; poor glycemic control in persons with diabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥7%. We examined the following biomarkers of hyperglycemia: HbA1c, fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol.

RESULTS
Mean age at baseline was 76 years, 59% were female, and 21% were black. Diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14 [95% CI 1.00, 1.31]), poor glycemic control in persons with diabetes (HR 1.31 [95% CI 1.05, 1.63]), and longer diabetes duration (≥5 vs. &lt;5 years; HR 1.59 [95% CI 1.23, 2.07]) were significantly associated with incident cognitive impairment. We found a J-shaped association between HbA1c and incident dementia. Glycated albumin and fructosamine were also associated with incident dementia, independently of HbA1c. HbA1c and fructosamine were also associated with incident MCI.

CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes status, poor glycemic control, and longer diabetes duration were associated with worse cognitive outcomes over a median follow-up of 5 years.
Determinación de hemólisis en cepas de Staphylococcus spp causantes de mastitis bovina
Authors: Sánchez-Neira Yaline , Angarita-Merchán Maritza 
Published: June 2019

Introducción. El género Staphylococcus presenta una amplia diversidad de determinantes de virulencia que comprende componentes de la pared celular y exoproteínas, las cuales contribuyen a su habilidad para colonizar y causar enfermedad en los mamíferos; las hemolisinas, como las toxinas α,y las hemolisinas β, γ y δ, son proteínas capaces de inducir lisis de eritrocitos y toxicidad en otras líneas celulares.
Objetivo. Determinar la actividad hemolítica en cepas de Staphylococcus spp. causantes de infecciones intramamarias en vacas lecheras de fincas del cordón central lechero del departamento de Boyacá.
Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo, observacional y de corte transversal, en el cuál se determinó la hemólisis cualitativa y cuantitativa en 12 cepas de Staphylococcus spp. previamente confirmadas con ADN ribosómico 16S.
Resultados. Se encontró actividad hemolítica positiva en 9 de las 12 cepas estudiadas; 6 presentaron hemólisis beta; 3, hemólisis alfa, y 3, hemólisis gamma o ausencia de hemólisis. La determinación cuantitativa se llevó a cabo en 9 cepas estudiadas, encontrándose aumento progresivo de la absorbancia y disminución del número de eritrocitos, a medida que aumentaba el tiempo de incubación.
Conclusiones. La determinación cualitativa y cuantitativa de hemólisis en las cepas de Staphylococcus spp., permitió conocer la capacidad hemolítica presente en las cepas bacterianas aisladas de ubres de vacas con mastitis según el test de California en el departamento de Boyacá. Esto indica una implicación de riesgo patológico y epidemiológico en bovinos portadores de estas bacterias, por la posible transmisión a los consumidores de productos lácteos y sus derivados contaminados.
Some Addition Formulas for Fibonacci, Pell and Jacobsthal Numbers
Authors: Bilgici Göksal , Şentürk Tuncay Deniz 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain a closed form for

F

?

i
=
1

k

${F_{\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^k {} }}$

,

P

?

i
=
1

k

${P_{\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^k {} }}$

and

J

?

i
=
1

k

${J_{\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^k {} }}$

for some positive integers k where Fr, Pr and Jr are the rth Fibonacci, Pell and Jacobsthal numbers, respectively. We also give three open problems for the general cases

F

?

i
=
1

n

${F_{\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {} }}$

,

P

?

i
=
1

n

${P_{\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {} }}$

and

J

?

i
=
1

n

${J_{\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {} }}$

for any arbitrary positive integer n.
Inverse Ambiguous Functions and Automorphisms on Finite Groups
Authors: Toborg Imke 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
If G is a finite group, then a bijective function f : G → G is inverse ambiguous if and only if f(x)−1 = f
−1(x) for all x ∈ G. We give a precise description when a finite group admits an inverse ambiguous function and when a finite group admits an inverse ambiguous automorphism.
Evaluation of Rice Straw Yield, Fibre Composition and Collection Under Mediterranean Conditions
Authors: Matías Javier , Cruz Verónica , García Antonio , González Diana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Rice straw remains almost unutilised in the majority of cases and is usually burned. Data on rice residue production under European conditions are extremely limited. A detailed assessment of rice biomass yield, partitioning and straw collection was carried out in Spain. Eleven commercial rice varieties were evaluated in 2015, and two baling trials were performed in 2014 and 2015. The average straw yield was 9.7 t·ha−1. Straw yield, biomass partitioning indices and fibre composition varied significantly according to rice variety. Straw to grain ratio and harvest index were 1.00 and 0.50 on average for rough grain, and 1.25 and 0.41 for husked grain. Biomass partitioning indices significantly correlated with grain yield. Mean content of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash of rice straw was 32.5%, 19.8%, 6.5% and 13.7%, respectively. Straw amount of less than 3.0 t·ha−1 can be collected during the baling trials. Rice straw could represent an eco-friendly source of lignocellulosic biomass in Europe, however, in order to achieve this, baling machine improvements and special crop management should be carried out.
Titanium and Stainless Steel MIG LSC Welding
Authors: Poláková Nela , Dostál Petr 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with the issue of welding two different materials – titanium and stainless steel (UNS N50400 + X5CrNi 18-10). These two materials have completely different chemical compositions and mechanical properties; therefore, process of their mutual welding is complicated. Melting temperature of both materials is also different. An innovative MIG LSC arc welding method with an additional material has been selected for this purpose. A protective atmosphere was used in order to avoid galvanic corrosion of materials that would preclude the welding process. Aforementioned atmosphere contained 100% Ar. The MIG LSC welding method was designed by Fronius. Presented experiment compares utilization of following 4 different electrodes (additional material) for the welding of titanium and stainless steel: Ti, Fe, corrosion-resistant Fe and CuSi3 electrode. Tensile test was utilized for evaluation of weldment mechanical properties. Measured results were supplemented with a metallographic analysis snapshot and tensile diagram.
The LMS for testing independence in two-way contingency tables
Authors: Sulewski Piotr 
Published: June 2019

Summary
In the statistical literature there are proposed many test measures to determine the independence of two qualitative variables in contingency tables, in particular in two-way contingency tables larger than 2×2. For statistical analysis, three of the so-called “chi-squared tests”—the T
3 test, BP test and |χ| test—were selected. These tests were compared with a logarithmic minimum test, which is the author’s proposal. Critical values for the tests were determined with the Monte Carlo method. To compare the tests, an appropriate measure of untruthfulness of H
0 was used and the power of the tests was calculated.
LC-MS/MS Analysis of Sugars, Alditols, and Humectants in Smokeless Tobacco Products
Authors: Wang Liqun , Stanfill Stephen , Valentin-Blasini Liza , Watson Clifford H. , Cardenas Roberto Bravo 
Published: June 2019

Summary
Globally, smokeless tobacco (ST) includes a wide array of chemically diverse products generally used in the oral cavity. Although ST has been widely investigated, this study was undertaken to determine the levels of sugars (mono- and di-saccharides), alditols, and humectants present in major ST categories/subcategories by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). The products studied included chewing tobacco (loose leaf, plug, twist), US moist snuff, Swedish snus, creamy snuff, dry snuff, dissolvable tobacco products, and tobacco-coated toothpicks. The highest mean sugar level was detected in chewing tobacco (9.3–27.5%, w/w), followed by dissolvable tobacco (2.1%); all other products were lower than 1%. Creamy snuff had the highest mean alditol levels (22.6%), followed by dissolvable tobacco (15.4%); all others had levels lower than 1%. The detected mean humectant levels ranged from non-detectable to 5.9%. This study demonstrates the broad chemical diversity among ST. This research may aid researchers and public health advocates investigating the exposures and risks of ST. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 28 (2019) 203–213]