bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galectin-1 enhances TNFα-induced inflammatory responses in Sertoli cells through activation of MAPK signalling
Authors: Lei Tao , Moos Sven , Klug Jörg , Aslani Ferial , Bhushan Sudhanshu , Wahle Eva , Fröhlich Suada , Meinhardt Andreas , Fijak Monika 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGalectin-1 (Gal-1) is a pleiotropic lectin involved in the modulation of immune responses. Using a model of rat experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO), we investigated the role of Gal-1 in testicular inflammation. EAO is characterized by leukocytic infiltrates in the interstitium, damage of spermatogenesis and production of inflammatory mediators like TNFα and MCP1 causing infertility. In normal rat testis Gal-1 was mainly expressed in Sertoli cells and germ cells. In the inflamed testis, Gal-1 expression was significantly downregulated most likely due to germ cell loss. Analyses of lectin binding and expression of glucosaminyl- and sialyltransferases indicated that the glycan composition on the cell surface of Sertoli and peritubular cells becomes less favourable for Gal-1 binding under inflammatory conditions. In primary Sertoli cells Gal-1 expression was found to be upregulated after TNFα challenge. Pretreatment with Gal-1 synergistically and specifically enhanced TNFα-induced expression of MCP1, IL-1α, IL-6 and TNFα in Sertoli cells. Combined stimulation of Sertoli cells with Gal-1 and TNFα enhanced the phosphorylation of MAP kinases as compared to TNFα or Gal-1 alone. Taken together, our data show that Gal-1 modulates inflammatory responses in Sertoli cells by enhancing the pro-inflammatory activity of TNFα via stimulation of MAPK signalling.
Trial by trial dependencies in multisensory perception and their correlates in dynamic brain activity
Authors: Kayser Stephanie J. , Kayser Christoph 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA well-known effect in multisensory perception is that congruent information received by different senses usually leads to faster and more accurate responses. Less well understood are trial-by-trial interactions, whereby the multisensory composition of stimuli experienced during previous trials shapes performance during a subsequent trial. We here exploit the analogy of multisensory paradigms with classical flanker tasks to investigate the neural correlates underlying trial-by-trial interactions of multisensory congruency. Studying an audio-visual motion task, we demonstrate that congruency benefits for accuracy and reaction times are reduced following an audio-visual incongruent compared to a congruent preceding trial. Using single trial analysis of motion-sensitive EEG components we then localize current-trial and serial interaction effects within distinct brain regions: while the multisensory congruency experienced during the current trial influences the encoding of task-relevant information in sensory-specific brain regions, the serial interaction arises from task-relevant processes within the inferior frontal lobe. These results highlight parallels between multisensory paradigms and classical flanker tasks and demonstrate a role of amodal association cortices in shaping perception based on the history of multisensory congruency.
Organocatalyzed chemoselective ring-opening polymerizations
Authors: Zhu Ning , Liu Yihuan , Liu Junhua , Ling Jun , Hu Xin , Huang Weijun , Feng Weiyang , Guo Kai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA novel metal-free and protecting-group-free synthesis method to prepare telechelic thiol-functionalized polyesters is developed by employing organocatalysis. A scope of Brønsted acids, including trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (1), HCl.Et2O (2), diphenyl phosphate (3), γ-resorcylic acid (4) and methanesulfonic acid (5), are evaluated to promote ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone with unprotected 6-mercapto-1-hexanol as the multifunctional initiator. Among them, diphenyl phosphate (3) exhibits great chemoselectivity and efficiency, which allows for simply synthesis of thiol-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone) with near-quantitative thiol fidelity, full monomer conversion, controlled molecular weight and narrow polydispersity. Kinetic study confirms living/controlled nature of the organocatalyzed chemoselective polymerizations. Density functional theory calculation illustrates that the chemoselectivity of diphenyl phosphate (3) is attributed to the stronger bifunctional activation of monomer and initiator/chain-end as well as the lower energy in hydroxyl pathway than thiol one. Moreover, series of tailor-made telechelic thiol-terminated poly(δ-valerolactone) and block copolymers are efficiently generated under mild conditions.
Validation of the Chinese Sound Test: Auditory Performance of Hearing Aid Users
Authors: Hung Yu-Chen , Lee Ya-Jung , Tsai Li-Chiun 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The Chinese Sound Test (Hung, Lin, Tsai, & Lee, 2016) has been recently developed as a modified version of the Ling Six-Sound Test (Ling, 2012). By incorporating Chinese speech sounds, this test should be able to estimate whether the listener can hear across the Chinese speech spectrum. To establish the clinical validity of the test, this study examined the relationship between the aided audiometric thresholds and the distance thresholds.

Method
Sixty children with bilateral hearing aids were recruited. The aided sound-field thresholds at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000 Hz were compared with the distance thresholds of six sounds, /u, ə, a, i, tɕʰ, and s/, which encompass the entire Chinese speech frequency range from low to high.

Results
Partial correlation and stepwise regression analyses revealed that the Chinese testing sounds are frequency specific and that the audibility of each sound could be predicted by a specific frequency threshold.

Conclusions
The results confirm the validity of the Chinese Sound Test, indicating that the testing sounds can be reliably used to assess the perception of frequency-specific information. Crucially, these data also demonstrate that the Chinese Sound Test is a useful tool to identify red flags of poor auditory access in daily environment to monitor device malfunctions and possible hearing fluctuations.
Treatment of Phonological Disorder: A Feasibility Study With Focus on Outcome Measures
Authors: Smit Ann Bosma , Brumbaugh Klaire Mann , Weltsch Barbara , Hilgers Melanie 
Published: February 2018

PurposeIn a feasibility study for a randomized controlled trial of treatments for phonological disorders conducted over a period of 8 months, we examined 6 clinically relevant outcome measures. We took steps to reduce error variance and to maximize systematic variance.MethodSix children received traditional treatment (Van Riper, 1939), and 7 received expansion points (Smit, 2000), a treatment program with both phonological and traditional elements. Outcome measures, which were applied to both word list and conversational samples, included percentage of consonants correct (PCC; Shriberg & Kwiatkowski, 1982), PCC for late and/or difficult (L/D) consonants and number of L/D consonants acquired.ResultsIn repeated-measures analyses of variance, all measures showed significant differences from pretreatment to posttreatment, and the word list measures were associated with very high power values. In analyses of covariance for between-groups contrasts, the adjusted expansion points mean exceeded the adjusted traditional treatment mean for every measure; however, no differences reached significance. For the L/D PCC (conversation) measure, the contrast between groups was associated with a large effect size.ConclusionWe recommend that practitioners use outcome measures related to a word list. We recommend that researchers consider using L/D PCC on the basis of conversational samples to detect differences among treatment groups.Supplemental Materialshttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5872677
Driven to discussion: engaging drivers in conversation with a digital assistant as a countermeasure to passive task‐related fatigue
Authors: Large David R. , Burnett Gary , Antrobus Vicki , Skrypchuk Lee 
Published: February 2018

Using a Wizard‐of‐Oz approach, the authors explored the effectiveness of engaging drivers in conversation with a digital assistant as an operational strategy to combat the symptoms of passive task‐related fatigue. Twenty participants undertook two 30 min drives in a medium‐fidelity driving simulator between 13:00 and 16:30 when circadian and homeostatic influences naturally reduce alertness. Participants were asked to follow a lead‐car travelling at a constant speed of 68 mph, in a sparsely populated UK motorway scenario. During one of the counterbalanced drives, participants were engaged in conversation by a digital assistant (‘Vid’). Results show that interacting with Vid had a positive effect on driving performance and arousal, evidenced by better lane‐keeping, earlier response to a potential hazard situation, larger pupil diameter, and an increased spread of attention to the road‐scene (i.e. fewer fixations concentrated on the road‐centre indicating a lower incidence of ‘cognitive tunnelling’). Drivers also reported higher levels of alertness and lower sleepiness following the Vid drive. Subjective workload ratings suggest that drivers exerted less effort to ‘stay awake’ when engaged with Vid. The findings support the development and application of in‐vehicle natural language interfaces and can be used to inform the design of novel countermeasures for driver fatigue.
Formation of terrestrial planets in eccentric and inclined giant planet systems
Authors: Sotiriadis Sotiris , Libert Anne-Sophie , Raymond Sean N. 
Published: February 2018

Aims. Evidence of mutually inclined planetary orbits has been reported for giant planets in recent years. Here we aim to study the impact of eccentric and inclined massive giant planets on the terrestrial planet formation process, and investigate whether it can possibly lead to the formation of inclined terrestrial planets.
Methods. We performed 126 simulations of the late-stage planetary accretion in eccentric and inclined giant planet systems. The physical and orbital parameters of the giant planet systems result from n-body simulations of three giant planets in the late stage of the gas disc, under the combined action of Type II migration and planet-planet scattering. Fourteen two- and three-planet configurations were selected, with diversified masses, semi-major axes (resonant configurations or not), eccentricities, and inclinations (including coplanar systems) at the dispersal of the gas disc. We then followed the gravitational interactions of these systems with an inner disc of planetesimals and embryos (nine runs per system), studying in detail the final configurations of the formed terrestrial planets.
Results. In addition to the well-known secular and resonant interactions between the giant planets and the outer part of the disc, giant planets on inclined orbits also strongly excite the planetesimals and embryos in the inner part of the disc through the combined action of nodal resonance and the Lidov–Kozai mechanism. This has deep consequences on the formation of terrestrial planets. While coplanar giant systems harbour several terrestrial planets, generally as massive as the Earth and mainly on low-eccentric and low-inclined orbits, terrestrial planets formed in systems with mutually inclined giant planets are usually fewer, less massive (<0.5 M⊕), and with higher eccentricities and inclinations. This work shows that terrestrial planets can form on stable inclined orbits through the classical accretion theory, even in coplanar giant planet systems emerging from the disc phase.
The empirical Gaia G-band extinction coefficient
Authors: Danielski C. , Babusiaux C. , Ruiz-Dern L. , Sartoretti P. , Arenou F. 
Published: February 2018

Context. The first Gaia data release unlocked the access to photometric information for 1.1 billion sources in the G-band. Yet, given the high level of degeneracy between extinction and spectral energy distribution for large passbands such as the Gaia G-band, a correction for the interstellar reddening is needed in order to exploit Gaia data.
Aims. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide the empirical estimation of the Gaia G-band extinction coefficient kG for both the red giants and main sequence stars in order to be able to exploit the first data release DR1.
Methods. We selected two samples of single stars: one for the red giants and one for the main sequence. Both samples are the result of a cross-match between Gaia DR1 and 2MASS catalogues; they consist of high-quality photometry in the G-, J- and KS-bands. These samples were complemented by temperature and metallicity information retrieved from APOGEE DR13 and LAMOST DR2 surveys, respectively. We implemented a Markov chain Monte Carlo method where we used (G – KS)0 versus Teff and (J – KS)0 versus (G – KS)0, calibration relations to estimate the extinction coefficient kG and we quantify its corresponding confidence interval via bootstrap resampling. We tested our method on samples of red giants and main sequence stars, finding consistent solutions.
Results. We present here the determination of the Gaia extinction coefficient through a completely empirical method. Furthermore we provide the scientific community with a formula for measuring the extinction coefficient as a function of stellar effective temperature, the intrinsic colour (G – KS)0, and absorption.
Operation of an InGrid based X-ray detector at the CAST experiment
Authors: Krieger Christoph , Desch Klaus , Kaminski Jochen , Lupberger Michael 
Published: February 2018

The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) is searching for axions and other particles which could be candidates for DarkMatter and even Dark Energy. These particles could be produced in the Sun and detected by a conversion into soft X-ray photons inside a strong magnetic field. In order to increase the sensitivity for physics beyond the Standard Model, detectors with a threshold below 1 keV as well as efficient background rejection methods are required to compensate for low energies and weak couplings resulting in very low detection rates.
Those criteria are fulfilled by a detector utilizing the combination of a pixelized readout chip with an integrated Micromegas stage. These InGrid (Integrated Grid) devices can be build by photolithographic postprocessing techniques, resulting in a close to perfect match of grid and pixels facilitating the detection of single electrons on the chip surface. The high spatial resolution allows for energy determination by simple electron counting as well as for an event-shape based analysis as background rejection method. Tests at an X-ray generator revealed the energy threshold of an InGrid based X-ray detector to be well below the carbon Kα line at 277 eV. After the successful demonstration of the detectors key features, the detector was mounted at one of CAST’s four detector stations behind an X-ray telescope in 2014. After several months of successful operation without any detector related interruptions, the InGrid based X-ray detector continues data taking at CAST in 2015.
During operation at the experiment, background rates in the order of 10−5 keV−1 cm−2 s−1 have been achieved by application of a likelihood based method discriminating the non-photon background originating mostly from cosmic rays. For continued operation in 2016, an upgraded InGrid based detector is to be installed among other improvements including decoupling and sampling of the signal induced on the grid as well as a veto scintillator to further lower the observed background rates and improving sensitivity.
Patientenfragebogen zur Erfassung der Ursachen interstitieller und seltener Lungenerkrankungen – klinische Sektion der DGP
Authors: Kreuter M. , Ochmann U. , Koschel D. , Behr J. , Bonella F. , Claussen M. , Costabel U. , Jungmann S. , Kolb M. , Nowak D. , Petermann F. , Pfeiffer M. , Polke M. , Prasse A. , Schreiber J. , Wälscher J. , Wirtz H. , Kirsten D. 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen (ILD) umfassen verschiedenste heterogene, zumeist chronische Erkrankungen des Interstitiums und/oder der Alveolen mit bekannten und unbekannten Ursachen. Die Diagnostik der ILD ist sehr komplex und sollte interdisziplinär erfolgen. Eine der wesentlichen Basisuntersuchungen ist eine umfangreiche Anamnese. Hierzu kam im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher der Frankfurter Bogen von 1985 zur Anwendung, der mittlerweile jedoch sprachlich und inhaltlich einer Überarbeitung bedurfte.
Methode Unter Schirmherrschaft der klinischen Sektion der DGP erfolgte die Erstellung eines neuen Patientenfragebogens zur Diagnostik interstitieller und seltener Lungenerkrankungen. Der Fragebogen entstand unter Mitarbeit von Pneumologen mit ILD-Expertise, Arbeitsmedizinern und Psychologen sowie der Unterstützung von Selbsthilfegruppen. Abschließend wurde der Fragebogen mithilfe von Patienten sprachlich optimiert.
Ergebnisse Der neu erstellte Patientenfragebogen zur Diagnostik interstitieller und seltener Lungenerkrankungen umfasst mehrere Bereiche: Initiale und aktuelle Symptome, Fragen zur Vorgeschichte inklusive Medikation, pulmonale und extrapulmonale Vorerkrankungen, mögliche Expositionen im häuslichen, privatem und beruflichem Umfeld sowie Familienanamnese und Reisetätigkeiten.
Schlussfolgerung Der neu erstellte Fragebogen kann in der klinischen Routine die Diagnostik bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf eine interstitielle Lungenerkrankung wesentlich erleichtern.
Translation: universals or cognition?
Authors: Szymor Nina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the existence of translation universals by investigating the use of aspect in modal contexts in translated and non-translated legal Polish and by analysing the observed differences with reference to insights from cognitive linguistics. Corpus analysis highlights significant distributional differences in the use of the two aspectual forms of Polish verbs (imperfective and perfective) in modal contexts. I argue that cognitive mechanisms called ‘chunking’ (Langacker 1988;Bybee 2006) and ‘entrenchment’ (Bybee 2010) underlie these differences. I show that what may at first glance seem as behaviour unique to the translation process, is in fact caused by general cognitive processes. The study has implications for both translation studies and cognitive linguistics: it offers support for the basic assumptions about the usage-based nature of linguistic knowledge and highlights the importance of taking these assumptions into consideration when investigating the translation process and translation universals.
Association of 24-Hour Blood Pressure With Urinary Sodium Excretion in Healthy Adults
Authors: van der Stouwe Jan Gerrit , Carmeli Cristian , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Schoen Tobias , Krisai Philipp , Wenger Giuditta , Ehret Georg , Ponte Belen , Pruijm Menno , Ackermann Daniel , Guessous Idris , Paccaud Fred , Pechère-Bertschi Antoinette , Vogt Bruno , Mohaupt Markus G , Martin Pierre-Yves , Burnier Michel , Risch Martin , Risch Lorenz , Bochud Murielle , Conen David 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
While the positive relationship between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure (BP) is well established for middle-aged to elderly individuals using office BP, data are limited for younger individuals and ambulatory BP measurements.

METHODS
Our analysis included 2,899 individuals aged 18 to 90 years from 2 population-based studies (GAPP, Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension [SKIPOGH]). Participants with prevalent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or on BP-lowering treatment were excluded. In SKIPOGH, 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was used as a measure of sodium intake, while in GAPP it was calculated from fasting morning urinary samples using the Kawasaki formula. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the relationships of 24-hour urinary salt excretion with office and ambulatory BP measurements.

RESULTS
Mean age, ambulatory BP, sodium excretion, and estimated glomerular filtration rate in GAPP and SKIPOGH were 35 and 44 years, 123/78 and 118/77 mm Hg, 4.2 and 3.3 g/d, and 110 and 99 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. A weak linear association was observed between 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP and urinary sodium excretion (β (95% confidence interval [CI]) per 1 g increase in sodium excretion (0.33 % (0.09; 0.57); P = 0.008). No significant relationships were observed for 24-hour ambulatory diastolic BP (β (95% CI) (0.13 % (−0.15; 0.40) P = 0.37). When repeating the analyses in different age groups, all BP indices appeared to have stronger relationships in the older age groups (&gt;40 years).

CONCLUSIONS
In these large cohorts of healthy adults, urinary sodium excretion was only weakly associated with systolic 24-hour ambulatory BP.
Arab American Cognitive Aging: Opportunities for Advancing Research on Alzheimer’s Disease Disparities
Authors: Ajrouch Kristine J , Zahodne Laura B , Antonucci Toni C 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This article highlights the dearth of and need for research on Arab American cognitive aging. We propose that studying cognitive health issues among older Arab Americans provides an innovative opportunity to advance knowledge about causes and consequences of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disparities and refine understanding of factors linked to immigrant health in the United States.

Research Design and Methods
Demographic information is provided on Arab Americans, who are on the cusp of being recognized by the U.S. government as a distinct ethnic group separate from whites. In the tradition of minority aging, we present a broad review of specific issues in the contemporary case of Arab Americans.

Results
We detail how including Arab Americans provides unique information on the importance of: (i) extending racial/ethnic group comparisons; (ii) linking social experiences to late-life cognitive health; and (iii) incorporating ethnic factors related to immigration and religion in the study of AD disparities.

Discussion and Implications
Studying Arab American cognitive aging provides an innovative opportunity to more fully delineate factors that create and sustain health disparities, with special insights into both causes and consequences.