bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital epidemiologists’ and infection preventionists’ opinions regarding hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia as a potential healthcare-associated infection metric
Authors: Dantes Raymund B. , Abbo Lilian M. , Anderson Deverick , Hall Lisa , Han Jennifer H. , Harris Anthony D. , Leekha Surbhi , Milstone Aaron M. , Morgan Daniel J. , Safdar Nasia , Schweizer Marin L. , Sengupta Sharmila , Seo Susan K. , Rock Clare 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjective:To ascertain opinions regarding etiology and preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) and perspectives on HOB as a potential outcome measure reflecting quality of infection prevention and hospital care.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Participants:Hospital epidemiologists and infection preventionist members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network.Methods:A web-based, multiple-choice survey was administered via the SHEA Research Network to 133 hospitals.Results:A total of 89 surveys were completed (67% response rate). Overall, 60% of respondents defined HOB as a positive blood culture on or after hospital day 3. Central line-associated bloodstream infections and intra-abdominal infections were perceived as the most frequent etiologies. Moreover, 61% thought that most HOB events are preventable, and 54% viewed HOB as a measure reflecting a hospital’s quality of care. Also, 29% of respondents’ hospitals already collect HOB data for internal purposes. Given a choice to publicly report central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) and/or HOB, 57% favored reporting either HOB alone (22%) or in addition to CLABSI (35%) and 34% favored CLABSI alone.Conclusions:Among the majority of SHEA Research Network respondents, HOB is perceived as preventable, reflective of quality of care, and potentially acceptable as a publicly reported quality metric. Further studies on HOB are needed, including validation as a quality measure, assessment of risk adjustment, and formation of evidence-based bundles and toolkits to facilitate measurement and improvement of HOB rates.
Local existence of strong solutions and weak–strong uniqueness for the compressible Navier–Stokes system on moving domains
Authors: Kreml Ondřej , Nečasová Šárka , Piasecki Tomasz 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe consider the compressible Navier–Stokes system on time-dependent domains with prescribed motion of the boundary. For both the no-slip boundary conditions as well as slip boundary conditions we prove local-in-time existence of strong solutions. These results are obtained using a transformation of the problem to a fixed domain and an existence theorem for Navier–Stokes like systems with lower order terms and perturbed boundary conditions. We also show the weak–strong uniqueness principle for slip boundary conditions which remained so far open question.
Malnutrition and anaemia among adult women in India
Authors: Bharati Susmita , Pal Manoranjan , Sen Soumendu , Bharati Premananda 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe latest National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16 (NFHS-4) showed that malnutrition and anaemia still pose huge health challenges in India. Data on 651,642 adult non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years were taken from the survey to study the nutritional and anaemia statuses of adult women by Indian zone and state. The relationships of these two variables with the women’s urban/rural place of residence, education level, religion and eating habits, and wealth index of the family, were assessed. Body Mass Index (BMI) and haemoglobin level were used to assess nutritional status and level of anaemia, respectively. The results show that in 2015–16 in India the percentages of underweight and obese/overweight people were 22.4% and 18.4%, respectively. The percentages of undernutrition and overnutrition were more or less same. The percentage of underweight people was higher in the middle belt region of India. Zones with high levels of overweight or obesity were concentrated in the West, North and South zones. A comparison of the two national-level data sets, i.e. NFHS-4 and NFHS-3, showed that the prevalences of undernutrition and anaemia reduced by 13 and 5 percentage points, respectively, from NFHS-3 to NFHS 4, i.e. over the 10-year period from 2004–05 to 2015–16, whereas overnutrition increased by 4 percentage points during this period. Analysis of possible socio-demographic factors and eating habits thought to influence underweight, obesity and anaemia revealed substantive causal relations. More specifically, education and eating habit were found to influence underweight, overweight or obesity and anaemia significantly. The nutritional status of a woman was also found to depend on household income.
The Bonebridge active bone conduction system: a fast and safe technique for a middle fossa approach
Authors: Carnevale C , Tomás-Barberán M , Til-Pérez G , Sarría-Echegaray P 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe transmastoid pre-sigmoid approach is always the preferred choice for implantation of the Bonebridge active bone conduction system in patients with a normal anatomy. When an anatomical variant exists or a previous surgery has been performed, a retrosigmoid approach or middle fossa approach can be performed.MethodsThe preferred surgical technique for a middle fossa approach is described. A 14 mm drill head (Neuro Drill) was used to create the bed at the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Surgical time and complication rate were analysed.ResultsThe surgical time was shorter than 30 minutes in all cases, and only 14 seconds were needed to create a 14 mm bone bed. No complications were observed during the follow-up period (6–45 months).ConclusionUse of the Neuro Drill for the middle fossa approach is an easy technique. It significantly decreases the surgical time, without increasing the complication rate.
Investigation of self-reported dizziness in the elderly when lying down or turning over in bed, and possible benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Lindell E , Karlsson T , Johansson M , Magnusson M , Finizia C 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the rate of dizziness and occurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in the elderly by physical examination in those reporting dizziness symptoms when lying down or turning over in bed.MethodsA total of 498 people, aged 70–85 years, were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding dizziness symptoms. Subjects answering that they became dizzy in bed were asked to participate in a physical examination and diagnostic manoeuvres investigating benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.ResultsA total of 324 participants (65 per cent) completed the questionnaire. More than one-quarter (29 per cent) reported dizziness and 32 (10 per cent) reported dizziness when turning in bed. Of these 32 persons, 22 (69 per cent) underwent a physical examination. Six participants tested positive for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.ConclusionTen per cent of the elderly participants reported positional symptoms, and 6 out of 22 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Furthermore, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was established despite a delay between questionnaire completion and investigation, emphasising that this type of dizziness may not be a self-limiting disorder.
Complex Symptomatology Simulated By Unstructured Neural Nets
Authors: Cyrulnik R.A. , Anninos P.A. , Marsh R. 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYA neural net model with random interconnections is shown capable of exhibiting the features of Parkinson’s disease, including cogwheel rigidity, resting tremor, and dysdiadochokinesis. These properties are simulated uniquely for extrapyramidal disease, with spasticity and hypereflexia predicted for other upper motoneuron lesions.
Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of the Ependymal Lining of the Third Ventricle
Authors: Bruni J.E. 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYIn its simplest form, the ependyma of the third ventricle consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. Although these typical mural cells constitute the greater part of the lining of the ventricle, a specialized variety of ependymal cell (the tanycyte) can also be distinguished within circumscribed areas of the ventricular wall. Although such cells are found scattered throughout the dorsoventral extent of the third ventricle, they are particularly numerous along the ventrolateral walls and floor. The regional variation in the surface morphology of the ventricle walls as evident with the scanning electron microscope is consistent with this pattern of tanycyte distribution. Ultrastructural studies have established that the tanycyte is a fundamentally distinct cell with a long basal process extending into the subjacent neuropil and frequently directed toward a capillary wall. This unique morphology conforms closely to its three-dimensional appearance as demonstrated with the scanning electron microscope. The significance of ependymal tanycytes particularly of the third ventricle derives largely from the connections they establish between the ventricular lumen and vasculature of the median eminence. This intriguing structural relationship has led to the suggestion that ependymal cells and cerebrospinal fluid of the third ventricle may be involved in the regulation of adenohypophysial activity. Evidence indicating the functional involvement of specialized ependymal cells in the neuroendocrine control of pituitary activity is reviewed.
Synaptic inputs from identified bipolar and amacrine cells to a sparsely branched ganglion cell in rabbit retina
Authors: Bordt Andrea S. , Perez Diego , Tseng Luke , Liu Weiley Sunny , Neitz Jay , Patterson Sara S. , Famiglietti Edward V. , Marshak David W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere are more than 30 distinct types of mammalian retinal ganglion cells, each sensitive to different features of the visual environment. In rabbit retina, they can be grouped into four classes according to their morphology and stratification of their dendrites in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The goal of this study was to describe the synaptic inputs to one type of Class IV ganglion cell, the third member of the sparsely branched Class IV cells (SB3). One cell of this type was partially reconstructed in a retinal connectome developed using automated transmission electron microscopy (ATEM). It had slender, relatively straight dendrites that ramify in the sublamina a of the IPL. The dendrites of the SB3 cell were always postsynaptic in the IPL, supporting its identity as a ganglion cell. It received 29% of its input from bipolar cells, a value in the middle of the range for rabbit retinal ganglion cells studied previously. The SB3 cell typically received only one synapse per bipolar cell from multiple types of presumed OFF bipolar cells; reciprocal synapses from amacrine cells at the dyad synapses were infrequent. In a few instances, the bipolar cells presynaptic to the SB3 ganglion cell also provided input to an amacrine cell presynaptic to the ganglion cell. There was apparently no crossover inhibition from narrow-field ON amacrine cells. Most of the amacrine cell inputs were from axons and dendrites of GABAergic amacrine cells, likely providing inhibitory input from outside the classical receptive field.
Urban disruption, suburbanization and retail innovation: establishing shopping centres in Australia
Authors: Bailey Matthew 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAustralian cities were transformed in the 1950s and 1960s by the spread of the automobile and suburbanization. This article examines the patterns of retail diffusion that followed and the resultant adoption of the shopping centre form. Further, it considers the broader implications of retail innovation during a period of urban disruption, revealing intersections between urban geographies, business innovation and retail hierarchies. In the Australian case, dominant firms were able to leverage their market power to adapt to shifting retail geographies and new technologies, while some small entrepreneurial developers catering to the needs of these established retailers laid foundations for national and international expansion. A by-product of these processes was the creation of a unique Australian shopping centre form.
Weighted finite-state transducers for normalization of historical texts
Authors: Etxeberria Izaskun , Alegria Iñaki , Uria Larraitz 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a study about methods for normalization of historical texts. The aim of these methods is learning relations between historical and contemporary word forms. We have compiled training and test corpora for different languages and scenarios, and we have tried to read the results related to the features of the corpora and languages. Our proposed method, based on weighted finite-state transducers, is compared to previously published ones. Our method learns to map phonological changes using a noisy channel model; it is a simple solution that can use a limited amount of supervision in order to achieve adequate performance. The compiled corpora are ready to be used for other researchers in order to compare results. Concerning the amount of supervision for the task, we investigate how the size of training corpus affects the results and identify some interesting factors to anticipate the difficulty of the task.
Effectiveness of data-driven induction of semantic spaces and traditional classifiers for sarcasm detection
Authors: Di Gangi Mattia Antonino , Lo Bosco Giosué , Pilato Giovanni 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIrony and sarcasm are two complex linguistic phenomena that are widely used in everyday language and especially over the social media, but they represent two serious issues for automated text understanding. Many labeled corpora have been extracted from several sources to accomplish this task, and it seems that sarcasm is conveyed in different ways for different domains. Nonetheless, very little work has been done for comparing different methods among the available corpora. Furthermore, usually, each author collects and uses their own datasets to evaluate his own method. In this paper, we show that sarcasm detection can be tackled by applying classical machine-learning algorithms to input texts sub-symbolically represented in a Latent Semantic space. The main consequence is that our studies establish both reference datasets and baselines for the sarcasm detection problem that could serve the scientific community to test newly proposed methods.
GANs vs. good enough
Authors: Church Kenneth Ward 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGeneral Adversarial Networks are hot. Given Murphy’s Law, it is prudent to be paranoid. Best not to design for the average case. There is a long tradition of designing for the hundred-year flood (and five 9s reliability). What is good enough? Historically, the market hasn’t been willing to pay for five 9s. Hard to justify upfront costs for future benefits that will only payoff under unlikely scenarios, and might not work when needed. If the market isn’t willing to pay for five 9s, can we afford to design for the worst case?
Collection ofJaltomata darcyana(Solanaceae), previously unrecorded in cultivation, from a home garden in Chicago, IL
Authors: Taylor John , Mione Thomas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEvidence has been slowly accumulating that the urban home gardens of immigrants or transnational migrants in the USA conserve food plant diversity with roots in the developing world. Published species lists for home gardens indicate that, at least at the species level, this diversity is not novel but consists of widely grown, culturally important plant species that are also available through the horticultural trade. In 2018, we returned to the home garden of a Mexican-origin household in Chicago and confirmed the identity of a plant provisionally identified asJaltomata darcyanaduring an earlier inventory of the garden. A recently named species of Central America,J. darcyanahas not been previously recorded in cultivation. Collection of this species from a Chicago garden suggests that urban gardens may harbor other novel species awaiting documentation by urban ecologists and botanists.
Germany’s difficulties in becoming a member of the International Astronomical Union
Authors: Wielen Roland 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAfter the foundation of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), it took nearly 32 years until Germany became a national member of the IAU. This unfortunate delay was due to both international politics and discussions within Germany (e.g. about the future role of the Astronomische Gesellschaft). The first Statutes of the IAU of 1919 excluded Germany, Austria and other countries from membership for political reasons. When the IAU Statutes were revised in 1931, Germany’s membership was possible, but could not be realized because of financial problems. In the mean time, German astronomers (as individuals) were often able to attend General Assemblies of the IAU as invited participants and to work in IAU Commissions as members. After World War II, Germany became a member of the IAU in 1951, Austria in 1955. In 1962, East Germany was accepted as an additional member. The reunification of Germany in 1990 clarified this situation. Member of the IAU is now one unified Germany.
Before OAD
Authors: Batten Alan H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOAD, theOffice of Astronomy for Development, one of the most significant innovations within the IAU, was created at the XXVII General Assembly in Rio de Janeiro in 2009 and opened in 2011. The new office brought together and strengthened several activities of the IAU aimed at helping astronomers in developing or isolated countries to keep in touch with their colleagues elsewhere and up-to-date with the developments in our science. Those activities were mediated through the old commission structure by Commission 38 (Exchange of Astronomers) and Commission 46 (Astronomy Education and Development) which oversaw theInternational Schools of Young Astronomers(ISYA), theVisiting Lecturer Programme(VLP) andTeaching for Astronomy Development(TAD). In addition, Jorge Sahade, during his term as IAU President (1985–1988), formed theWorking Group for the Promotion and Development of Astronomy, as a sub-committee of the Executive Committee, and asked the present writer, then a Vice-President, to act as chair. That Working Group (later renamed theWorking Group for the Worldwide Development of Astronomy, WGWWDA) operated within the context of the already existing services of the IAU and in cooperation with the United NationsCommittee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space(COPUOS). In this paper, the writer gives an account of the activities of the WGWWDA both during and between General Assemblies, until the year 2000, shortly after which he relinquished responsibility for them.
Working with gender and sexual minorities in the context of Islamic culture: a queer Muslim behavioural approach
Authors: Farhadi Langroudi Khashayar , Skinta Matthew D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere has been a large increase in the migration of Muslim populations towards the western world and the USA in the past decade. Many have migrated in the hope of finding a safe home away from war, persecution, or a better economic situation, with many coming from Afghanistan and Syria. Gender and sexual minorities (GSM), or individuals who are not heterosexual and do not identify with their sex assigned at birth, are disproportionately over-represented within migrating groups. While most of these individuals will not have received psychotherapy in their home countries, it is likely they would receive or be required to obtain psychological services as part of the asylum process or through psychoeducational services as a requirement to receive assistance. In exploring the specific needs of Muslim GSM individuals, we highlight the diverse impacts of minority stress, shame, and how these might be mitigated through the integration of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and compassion-focused therapy (CFT). ACT and CFT may provide a helpful framework for a culturally adapted therapy that targets the needs of those experiencing intersectional Muslim and GSM identities, and can foster the cultivation of a meaningful life that can include all aspects of their identities.Key learning aims(1)To understand the context within which Muslim GSM individuals experience shame.(2)To learn to adapt an acceptance and compassion-based approach in working with GSM Muslim clients.(3)To describe how culturally competent hypotheses might inform case conceptualization with GSM Muslim clients.
The State of the Netherlandsv.Urgenda Foundation:Ruling of the Court of Appeal of The Hague (9 October 2018)
Authors: Mayer Benoit 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOn 9 October 2018, the Court of Appeal of The Hague (the Netherlands) upheld the District Court’s decision in the case ofUrgenda, thus confirming the obligation of the Netherlands to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 25% by 2020 compared with levels in 1990. This case raised some of the thorniest issues in climate law. As the Netherlands is responsible for only a tiny fraction of global GHG emissions, is it right for a court to hold that a national emissions reduction mitigation target is necessary to prevent dangerous climate change and its impact on human rights? If so, how can this target be determined? The District Court and the Court of Appeal of The Hague have provided inspiring responses, although they are perhaps not entirely convincing.
Strong association between serum Vitamin D and Vaspin Levels, AIP, VAI and liver enzymes in NAFLD patients
Authors: Izadi Azimeh , Aliasghari Fereshteh , Gargari Bahram Pourghassem , Ebrahimi Sara 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Some studies indicated poor vitamin D level in NAFLD which is independently correlated with severity of steatosis. Low 25(OH) D3 levels are associated with an impaired lipid profile. Impaired levels and function of vaspin and omentin, which are adipokines, have been demonstrated in NAFLD patients. This study determined the relationship between vitamin D and serum liver enzymes, ultrasound findings, some adipokines, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in patients with NAFLD in a cross-sectional study. This study was a cross-sectional study in eighty-three NAFLD patients (57 males and 26 females). Plasma levels of omentin-1e-1, vaspin were measured. Anthropometric indices metabolic status was assessed. Visceral adiposity index and atherogenic index of plasma were calculated according to suggested formula. Anthropometric indices, lipid profiles, liver enzymes as well as abdominal ultrasonography and the status of vitamin D were assessed. The results showed that aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (44.22 ± 8.5 IU/L vs. 40.19 ± 8.75 IU/L, p-value = 0.039) AIP (0.767 ± 0.142 vs. 0.6417 ± 0.139, p < 0.001) and VAI (9.28 ± 3.25 vs. 7.048 ± 2.415, p = 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency compared to those with vitamin D sufficiency. The positive correlations between Vaspin levels and vitamin D were found to be remarkably significant in both males and females (r = 0.437; P = 0.004; P < 0.001, r = −0.709, respectively. In both males and females serum vitamin D concentrations were negatively associated with AIP. Partial correlations controlling for age and sex showed that vitamin D is significantly and inversely associated with AIP, VAI, AST, and ALT. Additionally, vitamin D levels correlated directly with vaspin.