bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory cost of temporal correlations
Authors: Budroni Costantino , Fagundes Gabriel , Kleinmann Matthias 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A possible notion of nonclassicality for single systems can be defined on the basis of the notion of memory cost of classically simulating probabilities observed in a temporal sequence of measurements. We further explore this idea in a theory-independent framework, namely, from the perspective of general probability theories (GPTs), which includes classical and quantum theory as special examples. Under the assumption that each system has a finite memory capacity, identified with the maximal number of states perfectly distinguishable with a single measurement, we investigate what are the temporal correlations achievable with different theories, namely, classical, quantum, and GPTs beyond quantum mechanics. Already for the simplest nontrivial scenario, we derive inequalities able to distinguish temporal correlations where the underlying system is classical, quantum, or more general.
Evaluation of methodologies for computing the deep brain stimulation volume of tissue activated
Authors: Duffley Gordon , Anderson Daria Nesterovich , Vorwerk Johannes , Dorval Alan D , Butson Christopher R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective. Computational models are a popular tool for predicting the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on neural tissue. One commonly used model, the volume of tissue activated (VTA), is computed using multiple methodologies. We quantified differences in the VTAs generated by five methodologies: the traditional axon model method, the electric field norm, and three activating function based approaches—the activating function at each grid point in the tangential direction (AF-Tan) or in the maximally activating direction (AF-3D), and the maximum activating function along the entire length of a tangential fiber (AF-Max). Approach. We computed the VTA using each method across multiple stimulation settings. The resulting volumes were compared for similarity, and the methodologies were analyzed for their differences in behavior. Main results. Activation threshold values for both the electric field norm and the activating function varied with regards to electrode configuration, pulse width, and frequency. All methods produced highly similar volumes for monopolar stimulation. For bipolar electrode configurations, only the maximum activating function along the tangential axon method, AF-Max, produced similar volumes to those produced by the axon model method. Further analysis revealed that both of these methods are biased by their exclusive use of tangential fiber orientations. In contrast, the activating function in the maximally activating direction method, AF-3D, produces a VTA that is free of axon orientation and projection bias. Significance. Simulating tangentially oriented axons, the standard approach of computing the VTA, is too computationally expensive for widespread implementation and yields results biased by the assumption of tangential fiber orientation. In this work, we show that a computationally efficient method based on the activating function, AF-Max, reliably reproduces the VTAs generated by direct axon modeling. Further, we propose another method, AF-3D as a potentially superior model for representing generic neural tissue activation.
Selected laser-induced plasma spectroscopy: From medical to astrophysical applications
Authors: Parigger C G , Sherbini A M EL , Splinter R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This work discusses laboratory experiments using atomic and molecular spectroscopy for diagnosis of laser-induced phenomena of interest in the field of medicine, and in astronomy for the understanding of recorded spectra from selected stars. Photo-acoustic spectroscopy utilizes femtosecond laser-pulse trains for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Optical emission spectroscopy explores nominal nanosecond laser-induced, nano-particle plasma and its detection sensitivity. The study of laboratory plasma generated in selected gas-mixtures reveals insights for the interpretation of white dwarf spectra.
Phase transition induced by CW-laser in a finite silver selenide (Ag2 Se) according to (HHCE) model
Authors: El-Adawi M K , Shalaby S A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Thermal effects induced in a finite silver selenide slab by CW laser source are studied. The hyperbolic heat conduction equation (HHCE) in dimensionless form is solved using Laplace integral transform technique. Different laser power densities are considered. Expression for the temperature field within the target is obtained. As an illustrative example, the critical time required to initiate phase transition and that required to initiate melting are computed for different pulses.
Positron annihilation apectroscopy on colloidal CuIn1-xGaxSe2 semiconductor sanocrystals
Authors: Elsaka B.A. , Eissa A. , Ghali M. , Sharshar T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Simple and low-cost hot-injection method was used to synthesize three samples of colloidal nanocrystals with general chemical formula CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (x=0.0, 0.6 and 0.82). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to investigate the structural properties of the synthesized nanocrystals and proved their high crystallinity. Positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) and Doppler broadening (DB) techniques were used to give more insights on the structural defects of the grown samples. The results of the positron lifetime measurements indicate that the shortest lifetime component (τ
1) with intensity ≳ 97% is greater than the calculated positron bulk lifetime, 235-240 ps. This indicates that the concentrations of the vacancy-type defects for the as-synthesized CuIn1-xGaxSe2 samples are greater than the saturation trapping limit (1018 cm-3). Moreover, results of the PAL measurements and the theoretically calculated positron lifetimes indicate that Cu-Se, In-Se and/or Ga-Se are the dominant vacancy-type defect for all studied range of Ga. Also, the results show that the vacancy-type defect concentrations of samples with Ga content of 0.6 and 0.82 are reduced compared with that for zero-Ga content sample.
Microstructure effect on the structural, interfacial and magnetic properties of particulate composite and 0-3 core shell composite
Authors: Ashmawy M A , Sattar A A , El-Sayed H M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The microstructure of the particulate composite vs. 0-3 core shell composite has a noticeable effect on the structural, interfacial and magnetic properties. Both particulate composite and 0-3 core shell composite have the same components. X-ray diffraction has been used for all samples to identify the structural properties. The microstructures have been investigated by TEM and particle size distribution was calculated. By using IR Spectroscopy, vibrational bands have been exploited to recognize the interfacial interaction. Magnetic hysteresis curves have been measured by VSM. The relative permeability vs. temperature experiment have been measured and Curie temperatures have been determined.
Study of the optical properties of V2O5-Li2O-P2O5 glass system
Authors: Hussien Islam I , Mohsen M , Hosny H M , Abd El Keriem M S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the last two decades, several applications became more dependent on the nonlinearity phenomena in glasses, for example: laser glass has low nonlinear refractive index (n2), while higher values serve in optical switching. In this study, Vanadium-Lithium-Phosphate glass samples [V2O5-Li2O-P2O5] were prepared by the melt-quenching technique. The amorphous structure of these glasses is examined by XRD analysis. The recorded reflectance and transmittance were investigated over the range from 200 to 2500 nm for the five samples. The two parts of the calculated refractive indices are estimated via an analytical technique. The dispersion parameters, such as Sellmeier gap energy, dispersion energy as well as Abbe’s number, were deduced. From the obtained results, the parameters for absorption dispersion, namely: the optical energy gaps for indirect transition as well as the Urbach energy were extracted. Moreover, the other parameters such as: the molar refractivity, the reflection loss and density are calculated. The measured optical parameters were found to vary nonlinearly with increasing vanadium oxide (V2O5), in the presence of Li2O in the phosphate matrix. In the aim of enhancing the performance in this glass system, the effects of ascending doping with a transition metal oxide (V2O5) on both the predicted nonlinear and the linear optical parameters, are investigated and analyzed.
Structural, thermal and ferrimagnetic studies of the as-fabricated La3+-doped Co-nano-spinels
Authors: Ghoneim A I , Meaz T M , Aboelkhir H A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The tiny as-prepared CoLa
x
Fe2-x
O4 nanoferrites, (x = 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2), nanoparticles were fabricated by the one-way and energy-efficient co-precipitation route, and discriminated by the X-ray diffractometry (XRD), FT-IR spectra, thermographometry and vibrated Nano-sample magnetometry (VSM) strategies. XRD investigation disclosed the emergence of the spinel’s mono-phase for all nano-crystals. Crystallite size R values ranged from 23.19 – to – 34.77 nm, with rising demeanor with x. IR spectra displayed four absorption bands that were related to their principle sites and main bonds. All the educed operators’ alterations are assigning to La3+ cations replacement instead of Fe3+ cations. Thermal testing of these nanoferrites exhibited 3-distinguished stages of burning practicability. Picked saturated magnetization Ms of these Nano-spinels was declined versus x, whilst coercive field Hc raised as well as the squareness Mr/Ms rise with La3+ cationic ratio x.
Dependence of the magnetic and optical properties of Ni-Co nanoferrite on the particle shape
Authors: Abdulhamid Zeyad M , Sattar A A , Darwish Atef S , Ghani A A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This work presents the effect of particle shape on the magnetic and optical properties of Ni-Co nanoferrite (NCF). Two series of different preparation methods were used to obtain two different shapes of NixCo1-xFe2O4 where x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1. Sol gel was the first method used to synthesize NCF with citric acid as a fuel and the second series was synthesized by hydrothermal route and the fuel was oxalic acid. Structural characterization for NCF nanomaterials was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Magnetic parameters were determined from Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) for all samples and it is noticed that the values of Mr and Mr/Ms are greater in nanorod series than nanosphere series. RLC Bridge was used to obtain the Curie temperature of the polycrystalline nanomaterials by the variation of relative permeability with increasing temperature. Values of direct and indirect band gaps were determined from double beam spectrometer using Diffused Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) measurements. It was found that changing particle shape could change the cation distribution, magnetic and optical properties of NCF nanoparticles.
Structure and optical properties of nano Nix Cd1-x Fe2O4 doped with optical dyes
Authors: Henaish A M A , El-Sharkawy A N , Shama S A , Hemeda O M , Ghazy R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
NixCd1−xFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) nanoferrite powder were synthesized using flash auto combustion method. The studied powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which was used to determine the structural properties. The effect of addition dyes (perylene dye and thiophene dye) on the optical properties of Nickel Cadmium ferrite has been investigated. The optical study UV-Visible is used to calculate the band gap energies. From Tauc’s plot, it can be seen that the band gap energy of the samples is decreasing with increase in nickel content for both dyes, indicating the enhancement of the optical of ferrite.
Application of GATE/GEANT 4 code in investigation of gamma shielding effectiveness of glass materials
Authors: Salama E , Maher Abeer 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
GATE/GEANT4 code-based Monte Carlo simulations have been conducted and validated for the purpose of studying the mass attenuation coefficient of xRmOn: (100-x) SiO2 glass systems (where RmOn are Bi2O3, PbO and BaO, with 30 ≤ x ≤ 70 % by weight) at 662 keV. The results came in agreement with the ones previously obtained through WinXcom program. Consistency between simulation and experimental results is confirmed by using χ2 test. The obtained results suggest the validity of using GATE for estimation of mass attenuation for different material compositions at different energies. This specific study recommends GATE simulation code as a suitable tool to investigate materials in the field of radiation shielding as an alternative to the experimental method.
Spectroscopic studies on irradiated Crab carapace
Authors: Abdou Saleh M , Ebraheem S , Mohamed R I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The crab carapace is the shell covering the body. The present work provides an overview of the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) after reviewing the status of the structure and composition of the crab carapace shell using XRD and FTIR techniques. Crab samples were cleaned from soft tissue, dried and irradiated with Co-60, with doses up to 30 kGy. EPR spectra of native as well as irradiated crab carapace samples were recorded and analyzed.
FTIR results confirm the XRD results of the analyses done on the crab carapace shell. They show that, the main composite of the shell is calcium carbonate. The EPR results show that, the amplitude of the CO3 signals increased with increasing the absorbed dose. Identification of the irradiated carapace samples was concerned with the detection of the EPR spectra for g-values which are attributed to those in the coaxial CO3 free radical.
The aim of the present work is studying the effect of radiation and investigation of some physicochemical properties of crab carapace shells using XRD, FTIR spectroscopy. Also, evaluation of the induced free radical in the crab carapace due to irradiation using the EPR technique.
Clear, but don’t invest: protected areas discourage some land uses more than others
Authors: Blackman Allen , Villalobos Laura 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Illegal land-use change inside protected areas (PAs) in the global south is common. Yet little is known about whether PAs disproportionately discourage conversion of forests to capital-intensive land uses (CILUs) like coffee and oil palm—an important consideration because CILUs likely have outsized adverse ecological and political-economic effects. We use remotely sensed fine-scale data on tree cover loss and land use along with quasi-experimental statistical methods that control for confounding factors to identify the effect of PAs on CILUs in Honduras, where rates of deforestation both inside and outside PAs are among the highest in the world. We find that PAs do have disproportionate effects on the conversion of forestland to CILUs: on average, they reduce by more than two-thirds the probability that forestland will be converted to a CILU versus traditional agriculture or pasture. Land characteristics moderate this effect. Social media abstract. Protected areas disproportionately discourage conversion of forests to capital-intensive land uses.
Feasibility study of MgSO4 + zeolite based composite thermochemical energy stores integrated with vacuum flat plate solar thermal collectors for seasonal thermal energy storage
Authors: Mahon D , Henshall P , Claudio G , Eames P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A primary drawback of solar thermal technologies, especially in a domestic setting, is that collection of thermal energy occurs when solar irradiance is abundant and there is generally little requirement for heating. Thermochemical Energy Storage (TCES) offers a means of storing thermal energy interseasonally with very little heat loss. A combination of Solar Thermal Collectors (STC) and TCES systems will allow a variety of different heating applications, such as domestic space and hot water heating as well as low temperature industrial process heat applications to be met in a low carbon way. This paper describes and assesses the feasibility of two novel technologies currently under development at Loughborough University; i) an evacuated flat plate STC and ii) composite TCES materials, coupled together into a system designed to store and supply thermal energy on demand throughout the year. The predicted performance of an evacuated flat plate STC is described. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the economic, energy and carbon saving potential of conceptual STC + TCES systems suitable for domestic use. This research uses experimental results from Differential Scanning Calorimeter tests to evaluate the total enthalpy, dehydration enthalpy and sensible component enthalpy of composite TCES materials. The experimental results along with predicted performance of STC are used within a developed model to assess key metrics of conceptual STC + TCES systems feasibility, including; charging time, payback time, cost/kWh, energy savings and CO2 savings. Preliminary results suggest the combination of these two technologies has significant potential for domestic applications.
Study of Residential Thermal Transfer Values (RTTV) and Vertical Daylight Factor (VDF) for Hong Kong
Authors: W. Tsang Ernest K. , W Li Danny H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In Hong Kong, over one-quarter of the total electricity use was consumed by residential buildings. Recently, the Hong Kong Government issued a practice note namely Design and Construction Requirements for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings. This practice note set out the Residential Thermal Transfer Values (RTTV) of building envelopes. To enhance energy efficiency of residential buildings, the RTTV of wall (RTTVwall) and roof (RTTVroof) should not exceed 14 and 4 W/m2, respectively. Being one of the most densely populated cities in the world, most of building developments in Hong Kong are high-rise blocks located in densely built zones. The shading effects due to surrounding buildings could substantially restrict the diffuse light coming from the sky. In 2003, a practice note on lighting and ventilation requirements was issued. Referring to the performance-based approach, the note adopted the vertical daylight factor (VDF) to specify the daylighting performance of the building. The VDF should not be less than 8% for habitable rooms and 4% for domestic kitchens. This paper presents the energy performance of recently designed building fulfills the RTTV requirements. It found that VDF is a good indicator to shows the lighting elecricty consumption in buildings. For most of the bedroom, about 40% of air conditioning and 3 % lighting energy can be saved.
The Study On Anti-PID Performance Of High Efficiency Bifacial Cell Module
Authors: Cai Xia , Ni Zhichun , Chen Chengjin , Ke Po , Chen Henglei , Cao Haibo , Zhang Qiangming 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper mainly studied the correlation between the PID attenuation of P/N type bifacial cell and the adhesive film. At present, with the development of glass-glass module technology and bifacial cell technology, glass-glass bifacial module is an important direction of industry development. Currently P type monocrystal PERC bifacial cell and N-type PERT bifacial cell are typical representatives of the bifacial technology. However, the PID problem of bifacial cell is more serious than single side cell. How to solve the bifacial cell PID problem has become a hot topic. We mainly studied the correlation between two different adhesive film (EVA&POE), and the anti-pid attenuation ability of P/N type bifacial cell. The influence of the water vapor transmission rate and resistivity of the adhesive film on PID attenuation of bifacial cell was studied. After PID 192h test, For P type, power decay of the front side is lower than rear side, while for N type cell, power dacy of the rear side is lower than front side. Both P&N type bifacial cell module with POE are much better than with EVA. For POE, recipe adjustment affects PID performance obviously.
Thermal Performance Analysis of Concrete Small Hollow Block
Authors: Bi-chao YE , Zhou Hao 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the thermal insulation coefficient and thermal inertia index of small hollow concrete blocks with different hole types are calculated by theoretical method and numerical method, and the block structure with the best thermal insulation property and heat-shielding performance is respectively determined. The relationships between thermal insulation property and heat-shielding performance and block structure parameters are analyzed. The conclusion obtained provides a good reference value for the manufacturer of the block.
Dynamic performance analysis of façade-integrated tri-functional photovoltaic/thermal solar collector
Authors: Ma Jinwei , Kou Xue , Liu Shuang , Tong Weiwei , Fang Tingyong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Research on building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BiPV/T) technology has been conducted for years because the system can provide electric power and thermal energy simultaneously. A façade-integrated tri-functional PV/T collector system is presented and studied in this paper. The collector can work in PV/water-heating mode or PV/air-heating mode. Besides, it can also work in the composite mode that air and water be heated simultaneously. So optimum work mode of the collecor can be chosen for different energy demands. The collector can be combined with the southern wall of building, then it operates as PV-Trombe wall for passive room heating and electricity generation in winter, and for domestic water heating and electricity generation in other seasons. For the different working modes, theoretical research is carried out and dynamic model of the collector and building are developed. Based on the models, the performance of collector and the thermal behavior of the room are investigated under different climates conditions.
Challenges and research needs in life cycle analysis of building-integrated photovoltaic
Authors: Yan Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) is a promising solar energy technology that looks set to grow in popularity in the pursuit of a sustainable future. It has the potential to mitigate some of the main concerns over ground-mounted solar energy systems such as land use. However, there is an apparent gap in our understanding of its life cycle environmental impacts. Very few life cycle analysis (LCA) studies have evaluated BIPV comprehensively in comparison with standalone PV systems and other energy technologies. In this paper, we review the limited existing LCA studies on BIPV and identify the challenges and future research needs. The findings will help researchers, industries and policy makers better understand the environmental sustainability of BIPV to facilitate its development.