bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of parents and nurses on the content validity of the Family Empowerment Scale for parents of children with a chronic condition: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Segers Elisabeth W. , van den Hoogen Agnes , van Eerden Irene C. , Hafsteinsdóttir Thora , Ketelaar Marjolijn 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundInsight into parental empowerment is important to understanding the impact of health care policy and to supporting and strengthening parents in the care of their child. The Family Empowerment Scale (FES) is a valid 24‐item instrument that measures parental empowerment. It was originally developed for parents of children with emotional disabilities. It has been translated from English into Dutch.Before using the translated FES in another context, the aim of this study was to assess the content validity of the Dutch FES in the context of children with a chronic condition in a children's hospital, according to parents and nurses.MethodThis content validity study has a convergent, mixed‐methods design. The content validity index was used to examine the relevance, according to 22 parents and 12 nurses quantitatively, on a scale and item level. The qualitative part assessed the comprehensiveness and comprehension of the FES through cognitive interviewing with eight parents and four nurses. The results of both analyses were converged to determine content validity.ResultsThe scale‐content validity index was 0.88; three items scored < 0.78 on the item level. For 10 (of 24) items, issues were noticed about the tone and clarity of wording. Participants considered the FES to be not only an instrument of research but also an instrument that could be used to give insight into the personal degree of parental empowerment.ConclusionThe content validity of the Dutch FES for parents of children with a chronic condition can be considered sufficient. Resolving some minor translation issues in some of the items is advised. The FES can be used in further research to examine the value of the FES in health care services, aiming to support the needs of parents and to increase their empowerment.
Robotic vs laparoscopic rectal tumour surgery: a cohort study
Authors: Asklid D. , Gerjy R. , Hjern F. , Pekkari K. , Gustafsson U. O. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare robotic and laparoscopic rectal surgery in terms of perioperative data, short‐term outcome and compliance to the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol.MethodIn this cohort study, 224 patients scheduled for rectal resection for cancer or adenoma between January 2011 and January 2017 were evaluated. In the first time period (12 January 2011 to 23 April 2014), 47 (46%) of 102 patients had laparoscopic surgery. In the second time period (24 April 2014 to 30 January 2017), 72 (59%) of 122 patients had robotic surgery. Perioperative data and short‐term outcome were collected from the ERAS database and patient charts. Data obtained from laparoscopic and robotic surgery in the two time periods studied were compared. Primary outcome was hospital length of stay (LOS) and secondary outcomes were compliance to the ERAS protocol, difference in postoperative complications and conversion to open surgery.ResultsCompliance to the ERAS protocol was 81.1% in the robotic group and 83.4% in the laparoscopic group (P = 0.890). Robotic surgery was associated with shorter median LOS (3 days vs 7 days, P < 0.001), lower conversion rate (11.1% vs 34.0%, P = 0.002), lower rate of postoperative complications (25% vs 49%, P < 0.01) and longer duration of surgery (5.8 h vs 4.5 h, P < 0.001). The differences remained after multivariate analysis.ConclusionRobotic surgery was associated with shorter LOS, lower conversion rates and fewer postoperative complications compared with laparoscopic surgery. Robotic surgery may add benefits to the ERAS protocol.
Evaluation of Drug–Drug Interactions of Rucaparib and CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A, and P‐gp Substrates in Patients With an Advanced Solid Tumor
Authors: Xiao Jim J. , Nowak Dorota , Ramlau Rodryg , Tomaszewska‐Kiecana Monika , Wysocki Piotr J. , Isaacson Jeff , Beltman Jeri , Nash Eileen , Kaczanowski Robert , Arold Gerhard , Watkins Simon 
Published: November 2018

This phase I study (CO‐338‐044; NCT02740712), conducted in patients with advanced solid tumors, evaluated the effect of the poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor rucaparib on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of caffeine 200 mg, warfarin 10 mg, omeprazole 40 mg, and midazolam 2 mg (cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A substrates; dosed as a cocktail) and digoxin 0.25 mg (P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) substrate; dosed separately) without rucaparib and following oral rucaparib 600 mg b.i.d. Geometric mean (GM) ratios (90% confidence interval (CI)) of area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time zero to last quantifiable measurement with and without rucaparib were: caffeine, 2.26 (1.93–2.65); S‐warfarin, 1.49 (1.40–1.58); omeprazole, 1.55 (1.32–1.83); midazolam, 1.39 (1.14–1.68); and digoxin, 1.20 (1.12–1.29). There was limited effect on peak concentration of the substrates (GM ratios, 0.99–1.13). At steady state, rucaparib 600 mg b.i.d. moderately inhibited CYP1A2, weakly inhibited CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A, and marginally increased digoxin exposure.
Intergenerational transmission of attentional bias and anxiety
Authors: Aktar Evin , Van Bockstaele Bram , Pérez‐Edgar Koraly , Wiers Reinout W. , Bögels Susan M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEarlier evidence has revealed a bi‐directional causal relationship between anxiety and attention biases in adults and children. This study investigated the prospective and concurrent relations between anxiety and attentional bias in a sample of 89 families (mothers, fathers, and first‐born children). Parents’ and children's attentional bias was measured when children were 7.5 years old, using both a visual probe task and visual search task with angry versus happy facial expressions. Generalized and social anxiety symptoms in parents and children were measured when children were 4.5 and 7.5 years old. Anxiety in parents and children was prospectively (but not concurrently) related to their respective attentional biases to threat: All participants showed a larger attentional bias to threat in the visual search (but not in the visual probe) task if they were more anxious at the 4.5 (but not at the 7.5) year measurement. Moreover, parents’ anxiety levels were prospectively predictive of the visual search attentional bias of their children after controlling for child anxiety. More anxiety in mothers at 4.5 years was related to a faster detection of angry among happy faces, while more anxiety in fathers predicted a faster detection of happy among angry faces in children at 7.5 years. We found no direct association between parental and child attentional biases. Our study contributes to the recently emerging literature on attentional biases as a potential mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety by showing that parents’ anxiety rather than parents’ attentional bias contributes to the intergenerational transmission of risk for child anxiety.
Carbohydrate restriction for glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: McArdle P. D. , Greenfield S. M. , Rilstone S. K. , Narendran P. , Haque M. S. , Gill P. S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate restriction on glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe searched Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL for the period between 1976 and April 2018. We included randomized controlled trials comparing carbohydrate restriction with a control diet which aimed to maintain or increase carbohydrate intake, and that reported HbA1c as an outcome and reported the amount of carbohydrate consumed during or at the end of the study, with outcomes reported at ≥3 months.ResultsWe identified 1402 randomized controlled trials, 25 of which met the inclusion criteria, incorporating 2132 participants for the main outcome. Definitions of low carbohydrate varied among the studies. The pooled effect estimate from meta‐analysis was a weighted mean difference of –0.09% [95% CI –0.27, 0.08 (P = 0.30); I2 72% (P <0.001)], suggesting no effect on HbA1c of restricting the quantity of carbohydrate. A subgroup analysis of diets containing 50–130 g carbohydrate resulted in a pooled effect estimate of –0.49% [95% CI –0.75, –0.23 (P <0.001); I2 0% (P = 0.56)], suggesting a clinically and statistically significant effect on HbA1c in favour of low‐carbohydrate diets in studies of ≤6 months’ duration.ConclusionsThere was no overall pooled effect on HbA1c in favour of restricting carbohydrate; however, restriction of carbohydrate to 50–130 g per day had beneficial effects on HbA1c in trials up to 6 months. Future randomized controlled trials should be of >12 months’ duration, assess pre‐study carbohydrate intake, use recognized definitions of low‐carbohydrate diets and examine reasons for non‐adherence to prescribed diets in greater detail.
Associations of dietary macronutrient and fibre intake with glycaemia in individuals with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ahola A. J. , Harjutsalo V. , Forsblom C. , Saraheimo M. , Groop P.‐H. ,   on behalf of the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsTo study the association between dietary intake and glycaemia in Type 1 diabetes.MethodsData on energy and nutrient intakes, and the mean and coefficient of variation of self‐monitored blood glucose measurements were obtained from records completed by 1000 adults with Type 1 diabetes. Associations between these measures of glycaemia and dietary intake were investigated using generalized linear regression, with and without macronutrient substitution.ResultsIn the first set of analyses, fibre intake was associated with lower mean self‐monitored blood glucose values (β = –0.428, 95% CI –0.624 to –0.231; P<0.001). In these same analyses, carbohydrate (β = 0.011, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.020; P=0.014), alcohol (β = 0.013, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.023; P=0.009) and monounsaturated fatty acid intakes (β=0.012, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.023; P=0.029) were associated with higher variability in blood glucose measurements. In the macronutrient substitution analyses, substituting proteins for either carbohydrates (β = –0.026, 95% CI –0.040 to –0.013; P<0.001), fats (β = –0.018, 95% CI –0.033 to –0.004; P=0.014), or alcohol (β = –0.026, 95% CI –0.045 to –0.006; P=0.010), or fats for carbohydrates (β=–0.009, 95% CI –0.017 to –0.001; P=0.030), were all associated with lower variability in the measured blood glucose values. After adjusting for fibre intake, no significant results were observed in analyses of mean self‐monitored blood glucose.ConclusionsThis observational, cross‐sectional study indicates that dietary fibre is associated with lower mean blood glucose concentrations in people with Type 1 diabetes. Glycaemic excursions were reduced when protein was substituted for other macronutrients and when fat replaced carbohydrate, after adjusting for fibre intake.
Bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length in acute myeloid leukaemia and high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Warny Marie , Helby Jens , Sengeløv Henrik , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Birgens Henrik , Bojesen Stig E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveShort telomere length is a known risk factor for developing clonal haematopoietic stem cell disorders, probably due to chromosomal instability. We tested the hypotheses that bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length change from diagnosis through chemotherapy‐induced remission and relapse, and that long telomere length is associated with low risk of relapse and all‐cause mortality in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome.MethodsWe measured telomere length in bone marrow mononuclear cells from 233 patients at diagnosis, 112 patients at chemotherapy‐induced remission and 58 patients at relapse of disease.ResultsIn patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome, bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length was similar at diagnosis and relapse, but increased after chemotherapy‐induced remission. Furthermore, bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length was longer in patients with higher age at diagnosis. There was no association between telomere length at diagnosis, remission or relapse and all‐cause mortality, nor did we find any association between telomere length at diagnosis or remission and risk of relapse.ConclusionIn patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome, bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length increased from diagnosis to remission. Furthermore, telomere length paradoxically was longer at higher age at diagnosis, even after adjusting for known risk factors of disease severity. Finally, we did not detect any prognostic information in telomere length.
The “healthy dose” of nature: A cautionary tale
Authors: Bell Sarah L. , Leyshon Catherine , Foley Ronan , Kearns Robin A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGrowing cross‐disciplinary interest in understanding if, how, and why time spent with nature can contribute to human health and well‐being has recently prompted efforts to identify an ideal healthy dose of nature; exposure to a specific type of nature at a specified frequency and duration. These efforts build on longstanding attempts to prescribe nature in some way, most recently in the form of so‐called “green prescriptions.” In this critical discussion paper, we draw on key examples from within the fields of health and cultural geography to encourage deeper and more critical reflection on the value of such reductionist dose‐response frameworks. By foregrounding the relationally emergent qualities of people's dynamic nature encounters, we suggest such efforts may be both illusory and potentially exclusionary for the many individuals and groups whose healthy nature interactions diverge from the statistical average or “normal” way of being. We suggest value in working towards alternative more‐than‐human approaches to health and well‐being, drawing on posthumanist theories of social practice. We present two practice examples—beach‐going and citizen science—to demonstrate how a focus on social practices can better cater for the diverse and dynamic ways in which people come to conceptualise, embody, and interpret nature in their everyday lives. We close by reflecting on the wider societal transformations required to foster greater respect for embodied difference and diversity.
Why are migrant campaigns different from homeland campaigns? Understanding belonging in context among UK‐Sudanese activists
Authors: WILCOCK CATHY 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMigrant communities' homeland‐oriented political campaigns are always related to, but often different from, the activism in which local people engage in their homeland setting. In seeking to understand the observed disparities between migrant campaigns and homeland activism, several studies have demonstrated the influence of contextual factors like political opportunity structures on homeland‐oriented migrant politics. Complementing these studies are works that focus on changes to identity and belonging associated with migration and resettlement. In this article, I build on these debates by offering a combined analysis of the intersections between, and interplay of, contextual and identity‐based factors. I use this analytical approach to examine the case of Sudanese political activists resident in the UK. I demonstrate how forms of belonging emerge here as part of – and not in isolation from – the strategic navigations of multiple political contexts and opportunities. In doing so, I contribute to our understanding of how belonging can be contextualized to serve as an analytical lens for understanding homeland‐oriented migrant activism.
Measurement of joint health in persons with haemophilia: A systematic review of the measurement properties of haemophilia‐specific instruments
Authors: Gouw Samantha C. , Timmer Merel A. , Srivastava Alok , de Kleijn Piet , Hilliard Pamela , Peters Marjolein , Blanchette Victor , Fischer Kathelijn 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionAccurate assessment of joint health in persons with haemophilia is crucial. Several haemophilia‐specific measurement tools are available, but an overview of the measurement properties is lacking.AimTo provide an overview of the measurement properties of haemophilia‐specific measurement tools to assess clinical joint health.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for reports on reliability, validity or responsiveness of the World Federation of Haemophilia Orthopedic Joint Score (WFH), Colorado Physical Examination Score (CPE), joint examination score by Petrini (PJS) and Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS). Methodological quality of the studies was assessed using an adapted COSMIN checklist.ResultsThe search yielded 2905 unique hits, and 98 papers were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was limited. The HJHS was studied most extensively, which yielded limited evidence for good internal consistency and structural validity, moderate evidence for hypothesis testing in adults and conflicting evidence for hypothesis testing in children. Reliability, measurement error and responsiveness were rated unknown due to low COSMIN scores. For the CPE and PJS, we found limited to moderate evidence for good responsiveness and conflicting evidence for hypothesis testing.ConclusionOnly patchy evidence is available on the quality of measurement properties of all haemophilia‐specific joint health scores. Although significant gaps in the evidence for all instruments remain, measurement properties of the HJHS were most extensively studied and show no drawbacks for use in clinical practice. This review forms the basis for further research aimed at the assessment of measurement properties of measurement tools to assess joint health.
Incidence of Persistent Headache at 18 Months Following Accidental Dural Puncture in the Obstetric Population: A Prospective Service Evaluation in 45 Patients
Authors: Gauthama Priya , Kelkar Aditi , Basar Siti M.A. , Niraj G. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of the prospective longitudinal service evaluation was to reveal the incidence of persistent headache at 18 months following accidental dural puncture with a 16‐gauge Tuohy needle. This followed an observation that a subset of female patients was presenting to the local pain medicine clinic with persistent headache following an accidental dural puncture.BackgroundTwo thirds of patients with an accidental dural puncture develop post dural puncture headache that is believed to be a self‐limiting condition. There is emerging evidence from retrospective studies that post dural puncture headache can result in persistent headache.MethodsProspective longitudinal service evaluation in obstetric patients who suffered an accidental dural puncture headache. Patients provided written consent for telephone follow‐up at 6, 12, and 18 months. Patients reporting persistent headache were reviewed at a pain medicine clinic for further investigations and management.ResultsOver an 18‐month period, 45 patients suffered accidental dural puncture. Five patients declined consent. One patient was lost to follow‐up. Of the 39 patients who completed follow‐up, 12 patients (30%) reported persistent headache at 18 months. Six patients reported new onset headache while 6 patients reported worsening of pre‐existing headache.ConclusionPost dural puncture headache from an accidental dural puncture can no longer be considered a self‐limiting condition. Current evidence probably mandates the addition of persistent headache as one of the potential complications of an epidural insertion during informed consent process.
Use of the Internet as a source for reproductive health information seeking among adolescent girls in secondary schools in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Ibegbulam Ijeoma J. , Akpom Chinwendu C. , Enem Fidelia N. , Onyam Dora I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent female students should be provided opportunities to access reproductive health information to navigate this period of development successfully. Examining the use of the Internet for accessing reproductive health information by this group will provide useful information on their information needs and seeking behaviour.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the use of the Internet for reproductive health information among adolescent female students in secondary schools in Enugu, Nigeria.MethodThis descriptive study was conducted on adolescent female students in six secondary schools in Enugu urban. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire. A total of 120 adolescent female students participated in the study.FindingsThe adolescent female students use the Internet to seek for information on general see education (n = 120, 100%), sexual hygiene (n = 71, 59%), abstinence from premarital sex (n = 68, 57%), avoidance of sexual abuse (n = 67, 56%). Their preference for the Internet include its privacy (n = 115, 96%) and wealth of information (n = 111, 92%).ConclusionsAdolescent female students use the Internet to meet their reproductive health information needs. Access to the Internet should be enhanced for this group.
Itaconate: an emerging determinant of inflammation in activated macrophages
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Hua , Zhang Da‐Wei , Zheng Xi‐Long , Tang Chao‐Ke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMacrophages play a central role in innate immunity as the first line of defense against pathogen infection. Upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli, macrophages rapidly respond and subsequently undergo metabolic reprogramming to substantially produce cellular metabolites such as itaconate. As a derivate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, itaconate is derived from the decarboxylation of cis‐aconitate mediated by immunoresponsive gene 1 in the mitochondrial matrix. It is well known that itaconate has a direct antimicrobial effect by inhibiting isocitrate lyase. Strikingly, two recent studies published in Nature showed that itaconate markedly decreases the production of proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide‐treated macrophages and ameliorates sepsis and psoriasis in animal models, revealing a novel biological action of itaconate beyond its regular roles in antimicrobial defense. The mechanism for this anti‐inflammatory effect has been proposed to involve the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase, blockade of IκBζ translation and activation of Nrf2. These intriguing discoveries provide a new explanation for how macrophages are switched from a pro‐ to an anti‐inflammatory state to limit the damage and facilitate tissue repair under proinflammatory conditions. Thus, the emerging effect of itaconate as a crucial determinant of macrophage inflammation has important implications in further understanding cellular immunometabolism and developing future therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on the roles of itaconate in controlling the inflammatory response during macrophage activation, providing a rationale for future investigation and therapeutic intervention.