bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for measurement and harmonization of pediatric multiple sclerosis etiologic research studies: The Pediatric MS Tool-Kit
Authors: Magalhaes Sandra , Banwell Brenda , Bar-Or Amit , Fortier Isabel , Hanwell Heather E , Lim Ming , Matt Georg E , Neuteboom Rinze F , O’Riordan David L , Schneider Paul K , Pugliatti Maura , Shatenstein Bryna , Tansey Catherine M , Wassmer Evangeline , Wolfson Christina 
Published: June 2018

Background: While studying the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) in children has several methodological advantages over studying etiology in adults, studies are limited by small sample sizes. Objective: Using a rigorous methodological process, we developed the Pediatric MS Tool-Kit, a measurement framework that includes a minimal set of core variables to assess etiological risk factors. Methods: We solicited input from the International Pediatric MS Study Group to select three risk factors: environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, sun exposure, and vitamin D intake. To develop the Tool-Kit, we used a Delphi study involving a working group of epidemiologists, neurologists, and content experts from North America and Europe. Results: The Tool-Kit includes six core variables to measure ETS, six to measure sun exposure, and six to measure vitamin D intake. The Tool-Kit can be accessed online ( www.maelstrom-research.org/mica/network/tool-kit ). Conclusion: The goals of the Tool-Kit are to enhance exposure measurement in newly designed pediatric MS studies and comparability of results across studies, and in the longer term to facilitate harmonization of studies, a methodological approach that can be used to circumvent issues of small sample sizes. We believe the Tool-Kit will prove to be a valuable resource to guide pediatric MS researchers in developing study-specific questionnaire
Chemical restraint of adults with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour in Queensland, Australia: Views of statutory decision makers
Authors: Edwards Nicole , King Julie , Williams Karen , Hair Sara 
Published: June 2018

Background: Psychotropic medication is widely prescribed to treat mental illness. However, it is controversial when used as a chemical restraint (CR) to manage challenging behaviours (CBs) of adults with intellectual disability (ID). CR has potentially negative consequences and affects human rights. Method: Qualitative research conducted between 2014 and 2015 explored the views of ‘guardian’ decision makers appointed under unique Queensland legislation oversighting the use of CR. Results: Findings included (1) negative conceptualization of CR, (2) concerning relationships with prescribers and disability sector staff, (3) challenges to information seeking about people with ID prescribed CR and (4) problematic implementation of positive behaviour support plans. Conclusion: According to guardians, CR may be used in lieu of community supports, and prescribers sometimes diagnose mental illness to avoid CR legislative requirements. Guardians, prescribers and professionals would benefit from training that addresses the intersection between physical and mental health, CB and CR.
Reducing risk of Clostridium difficile infection and overall use of antibiotic in the outpatient treatment of urinary tract infection
Authors: Ge Ivy Y. , Fevrier Helene B. , Conell Carol , Kheraj Malika N. , Flint Alexander C. , Smith Darvin S. , Herrinton Lisa J. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection (CA-CDI) following antibiotic treatment specifically for urinary tract infection (UTI) has not been evaluated. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2007–2010, to assess antibiotic prescribing and other factors in relation to risk of CA-CDI in outpatients with uncomplicated UTI. Cases were diagnosed with CA-CDI within 90 days of antibiotic use. We used matched controls and confirmed case-control eligibility through chart review. Antibiotics were classified as ciprofloxacin (most common), or low risk (nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim), moderate risk, or high risk (e.g. cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, clindamycin) for CDI. We computed the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relationship of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated UTI and history of relevant gastrointestinal comorbidity (including gastrointestinal diagnoses, procedures, and gastric acid suppression treatment) with risk of CA-CDI using logistic regression analysis. Results: Despite the large population, only 68 cases were confirmed with CA-CDI for comparison with 112 controls. Female sex [81% of controls, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 6.3, CI 1.7–24), past gastrointestinal comorbidity (prevalence 39%, OR 2.3, CI 1.1–4.8), and nongastrointestinal comorbidity (prevalence 6%, OR 2.8, CI 1.4–5.6) were associated with increased CA-CDI risk. Compared with low-risk antibiotic, the adjusted ORs for antibiotic groups were as follows: ciprofloxacin, 2.7 (CI 1.0–7.2); moderate-risk antibiotics, 3.6 (CI 1.2–11); and high-risk antibiotics, 11.2 (CI 2.4–52). Conclusions: Lower-risk antibiotics should be used for UTI whenever possible, particularly in patients with a gastrointestinal comorbidity. However, UTI can be managed through alternative approaches. Research into the primary prevention of UTI is urgently needed.
Effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine versus detemir analysis in patients with type 1 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silva Thales B. C. , Almeida Paulo H. R. F. , Araújo Vania E. , Acurcio Francisco de Assis , Guerra Júnior Augusto A. , Godman Brian , Alvares Juliana 
Published: June 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is an autoimmune disease characterized by metabolic destruction of pancreatic cells responsible for insulin production, with treatment based on replacing insulin. Long-acting insulin analogs are indicated for patients with DM1 who exhibit important oscillations of their daily glycemia, despite its higher cost. Our study objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two long-acting insulins, insulin glargine and detemir, in treating patients with DM1. Methods: We undertook a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies (cohort and registry) available in the databases and the gray literature, and a complementary search in the Diabetes Care journal. Outcomes assessed were: glycated hemoglobin concentration; fasting plasma or capillary glucose; occurrence of episodes of severe hypoglycemia and occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemia. The assessment of methodological quality was performed using the Newcastle score. The meta-analyses were performed on software Review Manager® 5.2. Results: Out of 705 publications, 8 cohort studies were included. The quality of these studies was classified as high. In the meta-analysis, results regarding episodes of severe hypoglycemia ( p = 0.02) and fasting glucose ( p = 0.01) were in favor of detemir. The glycated hemoglobin ( p = 0.49; I2 = 89) showed high heterogeneity and no statistically significant difference between the two. The meta-analysis of total insulin dose favored glargine ( p = 0.006; I2 = 75). The rates of nocturnal hypoglycemia (NH) were evaluated only for one study and showed a significant reduction of NH after therapy with detemir, ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Although some outcomes were favorable to detemir insulin analog, it has not been possible to identify important differences of effectiveness and safety between the two analogs. These results can help in the current debate on the inclusion of long-acting analogs on the list of reimbursed medicines in Brazil, especially with the recent introduction of an insulin glargine biosimilar at a considerably lower price.
Shift work and risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: A dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Wang Dongming , Ruan Wenyu , Chen Zhenlong , Peng Ying , Li Wenzhen 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that shift work is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the quantitative dose–response relationship between duration of shift work and cardiovascular disease risk is still unknown. We aimed to evaluate the dose–response association between duration of shift work and risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsPubMed and Embase were searched from inception to 1 December 2017. Prospective cohort studies that reported the associations between duration of shift work and cardiovascular disease risk with at least three categories were included. Data were pooled by using fixed or random effect models. The continuous dose–response associations were assessed by using fixed effect restricted cubic splines with four knots.ResultsFive prospective cohort studies with 10 reports were included. No evidence of a curvilinear association was observed between duration of shift work and risk of cardiovascular disease, similar findings were observed in cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. The summary relative risk (RR) of an increase of 5 years of shift work was 1.05 (1.04–1.07) with moderate heterogeneity ( P = 0.142, I2 = 33.2%) for cardiovascular disease, 1.06 (1.04–1.08) with low heterogeneity ( P = 0.279, I2 = 21.7%) for cardiovascular disease morbidity, and 1.04 (1.02–1.06) with moderate heterogeneity ( P = 0.135, I2 = 38.5%) for cardiovascular disease mortality, respectively.ConclusionsShift work could probably increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease mortality in a dose–response way. These findings could have implications for guideline recommendations regarding the risk related to shift schedules.
Incidence of Venous Air Embolism During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Afreen Lubana K. , Bryant Ayesha S. , Nakayama Tetsuzo , Ness Timothy J. , Jones Keith A. , Morgan Charity J. , Wilcox Charles M. , Phillips Mark C. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
Known complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) include pancreatitis, bleeding, duodenal perforation, and venous air embolism (VAE). The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of VAE during ERCP and be able to differentiate high-risk versus low-risk ERCP procedures.

METHODS:
This is a prospective cohort study consisting of patients who underwent ERCP and were monitored with a precordial Doppler ultrasound (PDU) for VAE. PDU monitoring was digitally recorded and analyzed to confirm the suspected VAE. Demographic and clinical data related to the anesthetic care, endoscopic procedure, and intraoperative hemodynamics were analyzed.

RESULTS:
A total of 843 ERCP procedures were performed over a 15-month period. The incidence of VAE was 2.4% (20 patients). All VAE’s occurred during procedures in which stent placement, sphincterotomy, biopsy, duct dilation, gallstone retrieval, cholangioscopy, or necrosectomy occurred. Ten of 20 (50%) of VAEs were associated with hemodynamic alterations. None occurred if the procedure was only diagnostic or for stent removal. Subanalysis for the type of procedure showed that VAE was statistically more frequent when stents were removed and then replaced or if a cholangioscopy was performed.

CONCLUSIONS:
The high incidence of VAE highlights the need for practitioners to be aware of this potentially serious event. Use of PDU can aid in the detection of VAE during ERCP and should be considered especially during high-risk therapeutic procedures. Detection may allow appropriate interventions before serious adverse events such as cardiovascular collapse occur.
Bibliometrics of the 100 most-cited articles on refugee populations
Authors: Khosa Musatafa , Waqas Ahmed , Javaid Mahnoor , Singh Jessica , Naveed Sadiq , Majeed Salman , Khosa Faisal 
Published: June 2018

Background: Bibliometrics is a form of quantitative analysis that employs peer-reviewed research, journal articles and citation counts to examine the content of current literature on a particular topic. The authors aim to identify the major academic disciplines that dominate the landscape of published materials and research endeavors on the topic of refugees. Methods: Using the Web of Science, a database of most-cited articles was created by a team with expertise in bibliometrics. Results: Citations ranged between 1,493 and 105; averaging 203 citations per article. The publications spanned the years from 1973 to 2010. The year 2004 had the highest number of publications. All articles were published by 45 journals. In total, 294 investigators authored these articles. Psychiatry, psychology and public health constituted the top three fields of affiliation, with the most investigated feature being the mental health of refugees. Single investigators authored a quarter of all articles. Conclusion: This bibliometric evaluation allowed a multi-dimensional outlook on the conditions of refugee populations across the globe, through collation of relevant peer-reviewed research journal articles. This specialized form of assessment has resulted in a multi-disciplinary compendium of publications on the subject.
The nociception level index (NOL) response to intubation and incision in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with and without thoracic epidural analgesia. A pilot study.
Authors: Bollag Laurent A. , Jelacic Srdjan , Delgado Upegui Carlos , Wu Cynthia , Richebe Philippe 
Published: June 2018

Background: The PMD100™ (Medasense Biometrics Ltd., Ramat Yishai, Israel) is a novel non-invasive nociception monitor that integrates physiological parameters to compute a real-time nociception level index (NOL) in the anesthetized patients. Thoracic epidural analgesia provides effective analgesia and improves surgical outcomes. Side effects include sympathectomy, hypotension, changes in skin temperature and a decreased cardiac accelerator fiber tone. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate changes in NOL values after incision in patients with and without epidural analgesia. Methods: Half of the patients scheduled for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) received a thoracic epidural catheter, placed and tested 2h before surgery and activated prior to incision. The other half of the patients received i.v. fentanyl (1 mcg/kg) five minutes before incision. Anesthesia and analgesia were maintained in a standardized manner. NOL and heart rate (HR) were compared before and after the nociceptive stimuli intubation and skin incision. Results: NOL significantly increased in all patients after intubation by 10.2 points (CI: 4.5-16.0; p=0.002) as well as HR by 9 beats per minute after intubation in all patients (CI: 3.3-15.6; p=0.01). After incision, in patients without epidural analgesia the NOL increased by 13.9 points (CI: 7.4-20.3; p=0.0001), compared to 5.4 points (CI: -6.3-17.1; p=0.29) in patients with epidural analgesia. HR did not significantly vary after incision in both groups. The area under the curve of delta NOL and delta HR variations after incision were significantly different (p<0.05) between groups and delta NOL variations were significantly different from baseline values but not the delta HR variations. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that the PMD100™ Monitor may be a useful tool to evaluate the efficacy of an intraoperative thoracic epidural analgesia. Clinical Trial Registry Number: ClinicalTrials.gov record ID: NCT01978379 registered 10/25/2014.
Problems in estimate of parts geometrical accuracy
Authors: Базров Борис , Bazrov Boris 
Published: June 2018

The paper reports the analysis of the method for parts geometrical accuracy definition which includes the following stages: part surfaces measurement, a representation of measurement results and their relative position, a definition without errors count and a definition of surface errors. There are shown drawbacks of stages enumerated such as a neglect of measurement base surface errors, an ambiguity of measurement base positions regarding surfaces under control, use of bases of error account and criteria for errors estimate irrespective of surface operation functions.
A multi-gradation of the method for the estimate of a part error resulting in the accumulation of total error is shown.
Spiritual wellbeing and quality of life in stoma patients
Authors: Rafiei Hossein , Naseh Ladan , Hoseinabadi-Farahani Mohammad Javad , Aghaei Sedigheh , Hosseinzadeh Kazem , Razaghpoor Ali , Alamdari Maedeh Pourhossein , Hosseinigolafshani Seyedeh Zahra 
Published: June 2018

Aim: Although there has been considerable recent research from around the world on the effect of spiritual wellbeing in a variety of chronic conditions, little research has been conducted specifically on the spiritual wellbeing of patients with a stoma. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify spiritual wellbeing in ostomates and determine whether this had any impact on their quality of life (QoL). Method: This study was conducted in Iran in 2016, and 70 ostomates were enrolled through convenience sampling. The data collection instrument was based on Palutzian and Ellison's Spiritual Wellbeing Scale and the City of Hope Quality of Life-Ostomy Questionnaire. Results: Among the 70 participants, 38 were women (54%). The mean of the total QoL scores was 4.4 (SD=0.7). When separated into physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions, the mean QoL scores were 5.7 (SD=0.8), 4.2 (SD=0.7), 3.4 (SD=0.7) and 4.7 (SD=1.1), respectively. The mean score for spiritual wellbeing was 75.1 (SD=7.7). Physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions of QoL and total QoL had direct and significant correlations. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that there is a relationship between QoL and spiritual wellbeing levels in ostomates, and this can be used by health-care planners and caregivers to improve the QoL of their patients.
Introduction of a palliative approach in the care trajectory among people living with advanced MS: perceptions of home-based health professionals
Authors: Leclerc-Loiselle Jérôme , Legault Alain 
Published: June 2018

Background: Even with the desire of home-based health professionals to provide supportive care, the palliative needs of people living with multiple sclerosis (MS) remain unmet. Aim: To describe the perceptions of home-based health professionals concerning the introduction of a palliative care approach in the care trajectory of people living with advanced MS. Method: Based on an exploratory qualitative design, focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with nurses, occupational therapists and social workers (n=13 professionals). Results: A palliative care approach was described as a possibility for opening the discussion between the patient and their caregivers about their needs and desires at the end of life. The approach required professionals to be supportive and to adapt their interventions to people living with MS. However, professionals reported difficulties in introducing a palliative care approach. Conclusion: Health professionals reported that they feel a palliative care approach for people living with MS is mandatory; however, they do not feel comfortable integrating it systematically into their care.
Biomechanical evaluation of a new gliding screw concept for the fixation of proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Acklin Y. P. , Zderic I. , Inzana J. A. , Grechenig S. , Schwyn R. , Richards R. G. , Gueorguiev B. 
Published: June 2018

Aims Plating displaced proximal humeral fractures is associated with a high rate of screw perforation. Dynamization of the proximal screws might prevent these complications. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new gliding screw concept for plating proximal humeral fractures biomechanically. Methods Eight pairs of three-part humeral fractures were randomly assigned for pairwise instrumentation using either a prototype gliding plate or a standard PHILOS plate, and four pairs were fixed using the gliding plate with bone cement augmentation of its proximal screws. The specimens were cyclically tested under progressively increasing loading until perforation of a screw. Telescoping of a screw, varus tilting and screw migration were recorded using optical motion tracking. Results Mean initial stiffness (N/mm) was 581.3 (sd 239.7) for the gliding plate, 631.5 (sd 160.0) for the PHILOS and 440.2 (sd 97.6) for the gliding augmented plate without significant differences between the groups (p = 0.11). Mean varus tilting (°) after 7500 cycles was comparable between the gliding plate (2.6; sd 1.9), PHILOS (1.2; sd 0.6) and gliding augmented plate (1.7; sd 0.9) (p = 0.10). Similarly, mean screw migration(mm) after 7500 cycles was similar between the gliding plate (3.02; sd 2.85), PHILOS (1.30; sd 0.44) and gliding augmented plate (2.83; sd 1.18) (p = 0.13). Mean number of cycles until failure with 5° varus tilting were 12702 (sd 3687) for the gliding plate, 13948 (sd 1295) for PHILOS and 13189 (sd 2647) for the gliding augmented plate without significant differences between the groups (p = 0.66). Conclusion Biomechanically, plate fixation using a new gliding screw technology did not show considerable advantages in comparison with fixation using a standard PHILOS plate. Based on the finding of telescoping of screws, however, it may represent a valid approach for further investigations into how to avoid the cut-out of screws. Cite this article: Y. P. Acklin, I. Zderic, J. A. Inzana, S. Grechenig, R. Schwyn, R. G. Richards, B. Gueorguiev. Biomechanical evaluation of a new gliding screw concept for the fixation of proximal humeral fractures. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:422–429. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.76.BJR-2017-0356.R1.
Impaction of primary tooth molar in mandibule – case report
Authors: Patussi Cleverson , Zavarez Larissa Balbo , Klein Parise Guilherme , Lucena Schussel Juliana , Sassi Laurindo Moacir 
Published: June 2018

Tooth impaction results from a mechanical blocking that prevents the tooth from erupt. This situation is frequently associated to permanent tooth as wisdom teeth and canines. Impaction of a primary tooth can be associated to systemic or local etiologic factors. Treatment options could include dental extraction, removal of lesion associated without removing the primary tooth and others. The aim of this article is to present a rare case report of an impacted primary tooth in a 42 year-old man, with no complain of swelling. Extra oral examination revealed no alteration of normality. The panoramic radiograph showed a primary tooth impacted in the left body of the mandible. Most of the time the cause for non-eruption of primary tooth is the presence of a mechanical obstacle, not anatomical, in its trajectory. The surgical intervention is a possibility, but it can stay unaltered with no problems related to the impacted tooth. Many times the professional experience and the activity together in various areas of knowledge are the most important and wise conduct to be taken in health care.KeywordsMandible; Impacted tooth; Oral surgery.Key-words: mandible; impacted tooth; oral surgery