bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finnish Sign Language
Authors: Jantunen Tommi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter discusses several of the elliptical phenomena presented in this book as found in Finnish Sign Language (FinSL): nominal phrase-internal ellipsis (cf. nominal ellipses), the ellipsis of nominal phrases in two-clause coordinated structures (cf. conjunction reduction), phenomena resembling VP-ellipsis, sluicing, gapping, stripping, and also fragmented answers. In addition, because of its high frequency in FinSL and other sign languages, the chapter also addresses the ellipsis in FinSL of clausal core arguments—also known as pro-drop—together with a few other elision phenomena, such as the ellipsis of conjunctions. The chapter broadly considers the role of discourse orientation as well as gesture and mime with respect to the various elliptical phenomena, and in conclusion it is suggested that gesture and mime, used extensively in FinSL and other sign languages, may also have a larger role than is normally assumed in many of the elliptical phenomena found in spoken languages.
Pottery
Authors: Moore R. Scott 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter discusses the role ceramics play in addressing archaeological questions related to early Christianity. Ceramic artifacts, such as fine wares and amphorae, have typically been used to provide chronological markers for dating, or to provide evidence related to economic activities such as trade and exchange. Religious decorations on fine wares and stamps on amphora also provide insight into the presence and spread of Christianity even if there remain significant problems in connecting these decorations with religious identity. Previously neglected ceramic artifacts, such as roof tiles, ampullae, and decorative covers, offer new possibilities for untapped evidence related to the nature of the Christian religion in the Roman world.
Archaeology of the Gospels
Authors: Strange James F. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses the archaeology of the New Testament as applied to Jesus and the gospels. The aim is to create a reliable social, economic, and material history of the origins and dissemination of the New Testament text. In the nineteenth century, certain New Testament and classical scholars studied the material culture of Roman-period Galilee as the context of the gospel traditions. The discipline moved from comparative analysis of inscriptions and other ancient texts to excavation of Jewish synagogues, Roman temples, houses, and domestic ritual baths. The discipline developed sophisticated methods to excavate artifacts, pottery, glass, coins, and stone vessels and to determine their distribution and stratigraphic position at a given site. This chapter reviews the archaeology of specific sites mentioned in the New Testament and several not mentioned to provide an archaeological reconstruction of the social, economic, political, and religious patterns of human life in Galilee and Judea.
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Associated With Neck Flexion in Posterior Cervical Decompression
Authors: Sumiya Satoshi , Kawabata Shigenori , Ushio Shuta , Tomizawa Shoji , Sakaki Kyohei , Hirai Takashi , Yuasa Masato , Inose Hiroyuki , Yoshii Toshitaka , Okawa Atsushi 
Published: January 2019

Study Design:
A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 179 consecutive patients who underwent intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during posterior cervical spine surgery for compression myelopathy.

Objective:
To evaluate preoperative factors in patients with deteriorating spinal cord function due to flexion of the neck during posterior cervical spine surgery by observing changes in waveforms on intraoperative monitoring.

Summary of Background Data:
We encountered several cases of intraoperative monitoring warning alerts because of neck flexion during posterior cervical spine surgery. We investigated the incidence rate and intraoperative predictors of deteriorating spinal cord function caused by neck flexion based on waveform changes.

Materials and Methods:
Subjects were 179 patients who underwent posterior cervical decompression for spinal cord compression. When warning alarms were set off by amplitude changes in the period between skin incision and exposure of the lamina, the neck position was changed from flexion to neutral, and patients whose electrical potentials recovered following cervical repositioning were placed in the flexion-induced potential reduction group. We then analyzed and extracted risk factors for flexion-induced reduction in electrical potentials.

Results:
In total, 156 patients were analyzed in this study. Monitoring alarms went off intraoperatively for 7 patients (4.5%) at the time of posterior cervical spine exposure. With regard to the most compressed level, the occupancy ratio of the anterior compression component, the kyphotic angle in flexion, and range of motion in the neutral position to flexion were significantly associated with flexion-induced reduction in electrical potentials. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis extracted the occupancy ratio of the anterior compression component at the most compressed level and the kyphotic angle of the most compressed level in flexion.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that a large anterior compression component and large kyphotic angle in neck flexion at the most compressed level are risk factors for intraoperative spinal cord injury during posterior cervical spine surgery.
Smoking is Associated With 1-year Suboptimal Patient-reported Outcomes After 2-level Anterior Cervical Fusion
Authors: Cerier Emily , Jain Nikhil , Lenobel Scott , Niedermeier Steven R. , Stammen Kari , Yu Elizabeth 
Published: January 2019

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
To study the impact of smoking on patient-reported outcomes after primary 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data:
Previous studies have found suboptimal outcomes after multilevel ACDF in smoking patients. There is contrasting evidence on the negative effects of smoking in single-level ACDF, while there are no specific reports in 2-level ACDF. Adding knowledge of smoking’s impact on patient-reported outcomes (PRO) will help in tailored patient counseling and preoperative education.

Methods:
Patients 18 years of age or older at a single academic institution who underwent 2-level ACDF to treat cervical radiculopathy and/or myelopathy between September 2013 and September 2015 were included. PRO was studied using the neck disability index (NDI) preoperatively, and at 3, 6, 12 months. χ2 test for qualitative variables, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and unpaired t test for quantitative variables were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
A total of 61 patients, of which 23 (37.7%) were classified as smokers were included. Demographic and clinical profile of patients was similar both groups. Preoperatively, smokers had a mean NDI of 62.8±12.7 with a 17.5%, 18.7%, and 27.7% decrease at 3, 6, and 12-months, respectively. Nonsmokers had a mean preoperative NDI of 45.9±15.3, with a 36.4%, 61.2% and 65.4% decrease at 3, 6, and 12-months, respectively. Despite higher baseline NDI in smokers, improvement in NDI reached significance at 3-months in nonsmokers. In smokers, the improvement in NDI was slower and reached significance at 12-months. The radiographic fusion status at latest follow-up was similar in smokers and nonsmokers (P=0.67).

Conclusions:
Smokers had lower improvements in NDI scores compared to nonsmokers after a 2-level ACDF. Preoperative counseling before 2-level ACDF should include education about risks of inferior clinical outcomes in smokers independent of fusion status.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Perineal, Perianal, and Gluteal Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Experience in 12 Patients
Authors: Kohorst John J. , Shah Kabeer K. , Hallemeier Christopher L. , Baum Christian L. , Davis Mark D.P. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND
Few reports describe squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).

OBJECTIVE
The 2 objectives were (1) to describe the clinical characteristics, pathologic findings, and postoperative outcomes of SCC in HS and (2) to assess whether human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in the pathogenesis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cases of SCC in HS were identified through institutional medical records (1976–2013) and the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Tumor specimens were assessed for HPV DNA/RNA with in situ hybridization.

RESULTS
Twelve patients were identified (11 Caucasians and 9 men). All SCCs involved gluteal, perianal, or perineal skin; 1 patient had, in addition, involvement of the vagina. Surgical excision was performed on all 12 patients, 4 of whom had a colostomy. Mean duration of HS before SCC development was 28.5 years (range, 15–53 years). Mean follow-up was 4.3 years after surgical excision. Seven of 12 patients followed had postoperative SCC recurrence. Squamous cell carcinoma caused death despite wide surgical excision in these 7 patients. Of the remaining 5 patients, 4 are unknown and 1 who did not recur had an in situ SCC (Bowen disease carcinoma). Squamous cell carcinoma was not associated with high-risk or low-risk HPV.

CONCLUSION
Invasive SCC arising in HS carries a high risk of death.
Safety of Laser-Assisted Delivery of Topical Poly-l-Lactic Acid in the Treatment of Upper Lip Rhytides: A Prospective, Rater-Blinded Study
Authors: Ibrahim Omer , Ionta Sarah , Depina Joaninha , Petrell Kathleen , Arndt Kenneth A. , Dover Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND
Perioral rhytides are a common complaint among dermatologic patients and can be notoriously stubborn and resistant to therapy.

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to assess the safety of fractional ablative laser-assisted delivery of topical poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) suspension in the treatment of upper cutaneous lip rhytides.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Prospective, single-arm, rater-blinded trial. Ten subjects with moderate to severe upper lip rhytides underwent 3 bimonthly treatments of low-density fractional carbon dioxide laser followed by topical application of PLLA suspension. Wrinkle severity before and after treatment was analyzed using computer-generated analyses. Blinded raters and subjects assessed improvement of wrinkles after treatment using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) (scores ranging from −3 to 3). Adverse events were recorded at each visit.

RESULTS
Treatments were well tolerated. Other than expected post–laser erythema, no unanticipated adverse events were noted. After 3 treatments, the severity of upper lip wrinkles decreased by an average of 47% (p < .05) as calculated by computer-generated image analyses. Blinded raters and subjects rated wrinkles as much improved after 3 treatments (score of 2 on the GAIS).

CONCLUSION
Laser-assisted delivery of PLLA is a safe and possibly effective treatment for upper lip rhytides.
Three-dimensional Morphing and Its Added Value in the Rhinoplasty Consult
Authors: Lekakis Garyfalia , Hens Greet , Claes Peter , Hellings Peter W. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The evolving literature on 3D surface imaging demonstrates that this technology is becoming the preferred simulation technique in hospitals and research centers. However, no study has demonstrated before the superiority of this facility over standard 2D simulation during preoperative evaluation in rhinoplasty.

Methods:
One hundred seventy-two consecutive patients requesting rhinoplasty were included. Patients answered a questionnaire following a 2D simulation and subsequently experienced 3D morphing. A single question was answered regarding the added value of the latter by patients and surgeons, respectively.

Results:
In our survey, satisfaction with 2D morphing reached 61%. Ninety-five percentage of the same group considered 3D simulation an added value over 2D. Additionally, 84% of patients requesting revision rhinoplasty admitted that 3D computer simulation has helped them understand the aims of surgery, in contrast to 61% of patients from the primary group. Furthermore, patients unsatisfied with their 2D simulation got reassured following 3D simulation to undergo surgery at a higher percentage (67%), compared with the group initially satisfied with 2D (48%). Women appeared reassured by 3D imaging in higher percentage (63%) compared with men (42%). The 2 surgeons, however, found 3D simulations to be an added value in 66% and 74% of all patients.

Conclusions:
The overwhelming majority of our patients considered 3D simulation an added value over 2D. Patients initially unsatisfied with 2D morphing, revision rhinoplasty patients, and women seemed to be the groups that appreciated more 3D than 2D computer simulation. In contrast, surgeons considered the facility of 3D an added value in two-thirds of the patients.
Novel Plate Design to Improve Mandibular and Maxillary Reconstruction with the Osteocutaneous Fibula Flap
Authors: Smith Miller H. , Schrag Christiaan H. , Chandarana Shamir P. , Cobb J. Graham , Matthews T. Wayne , Mckenzie C. David , Matthews Jennifer L 
Published: January 2019

Summary:
Virtual surgical planning (VSP) has improved the accuracy and efficiency of craniofacial reconstruction using the osteocutaneous free fibula flap. Despite this, challenges remain in translating the VSP to a real-world construct due to small changes that can occur after osteotomies of the mandible or maxilla. Poor execution of the VSP can lead to malocclusion, undesirable aesthetics, or poor bony contact at the sites of osteosynthesis. We describe a novel technique using Selective LASER Melted plates to achieve maximum control and accuracy of complex, virtually planned reconstructions of the mandible and maxilla.
Positional Testing in Acute Vestibular Syndrome: a Transversal and Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lemos João , Martins Ana Inês , Duque Cristina , Pimentel Sara , Nunes César , Gonçalves António F. 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To evaluate the utility of positional testing in peripheral and central acute vestibular syndrome (pAVS, cAVS, respectively).

Study design:
Prospective; observational.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Consecutive AVS patients.

Interventions:
Video-oculography in upright, supine and head hanging positions at presentation, 3-month and 1-year follow-up.

Main Outcome Measures:
Positional modulation of spontaneous nystagmus; co-occurrence of central paroxysmal positional nystagmus (CPPN).

Results:
Fifteen pAVS [mean age (SD), 53.3 (16.6) (11 males)] and 15 cAVS [mean age (SD), 56.5 (17.8) (11 males)] patients were included (p=0.49). Acutely, in supine, in patients whose nystagmus was present in both head rotation sides, 12 of 13 (93%) pAVS and only 4 of 12 (33%) cAVS patients showed direction-fixed positional nystagmus which was stronger when turning the head to the slow phase side. The remaining cAVS patients showed either direction-fixed positional nystagmus which was stronger when turning the head to the fast phase side (5), or direction-changing positional geotropic nystagmus (2). One patient in each group showed direction-changing positional apogeotropic nystagmus. During follow-up, direction-changing positional apogeotropic and geotropic nystagmus became common in both groups. Acutely, in head hanging, 5 (33%) cAVS patients showed vertical CPPN and 2 showed positional saccadic intrusions. Positional downbeat nystagmus and saccadic intrusions became chronic.

Conclusions:
The presence of acute direction-changing positional geotropic nystagmus, stronger direction-fixed positional nystagmus when turning the head to the fast phase side, and acute or chronic head hanging vertical CPPN should raise the suspicion for central AVS. Chronic geotropic and apogeotropic nystagmus following AVS constitute an underrecognized manifestation of vestibular compensation.
Long-Term Audiometric and Clinical Outcomes Following Stapedectomy With the Shape Memory Nitinol Stapes Prosthesis
Authors: Heywood Rebecca L. , Quick Mark E. , Atlas Marcus D. 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To assess long-term hearing outcomes following stapedectomy using a self-crimping shape memory nitinol prosthesis. The results were compared with those of a group of patients who received a conventional prosthesis.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
All patients who underwent stapedectomy for otosclerosis between July 2001 and November 2008 with a minimum dataset of preoperative, early postoperative (≤2 yr), and late postoperative (≥6 yr) audiometry were included. Fifty-six patients with a nitinol prosthesis and 27 patients with a titanium prosthesis met the inclusion criteria.

Intervention:
Stapedectomy using a nitinol or conventional prosthesis.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Hearing outcomes by audiological assessment.

Results:
Mean duration of follow up was 9.5 (standard deviation [SD] 1.4) years in the nitinol group and 12.6 (SD 2.1) years in the titanium group. The early and late mean postoperative air-bone gaps (ABGs) were 9.7 and 9.8 dB in the nitinol group and 11.0 and 12.6 dB in the titanium group, respectively. The proportion of patients achieving an ABG less than or equal to 20 dB at early and late follow up was 96% and 96% in the nitinol group and 92% and 86% in the titanium group respectively.

Conclusions:
The excellent closure of the ABG achieved at early follow up remains remarkably stable up to 12 years using a self-crimping shape memory nitinol prosthesis. There is no evidence that firm fixation of the hook around the long process of incus has a detrimental effect in the long-term.
Novel Use of Portable Audiometry to Track Hearing Fluctuations in Menière's Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Tse Darren , Ramsay Tim , Lelli Daniel A. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:
Menière's Disease (MD) is a disorder of the inner ear consisting of episodic attacks of vertigo associated with aural fullness, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss. Hearing levels in MD can often fluctuate over time, and may eventually decline permanently in a step-wise fashion. There are no current studies examining daily hearing fluctuations for prolonged periods in patients with MD. Portable audiometry has the potential to allow the patient to monitor their hearing on a daily basis without attending a center for formal audiology. The objective of this pilot study was to assess feasibility of using iPad-based audiometry on a daily basis to capture hearing fluctuations in a small sample of adult patients with active MD.

Methods:
We recruited five patients with active MD as defined by current diagnostic criteria (International Classification of Vestibular Disease 2015). “Active” MD was defined as the patient having had at least one typical Menière's episode within the last 4 weeks. Patients were trained on how to use the portable audiometer and asked to perform at least daily audiograms for 3 months. Patients were asked to manually track vertigo attacks in a diary. Qualitative feedback was obtained from each patient at each monthly visit. For each patient, individual pure tone thresholds at each frequency and pure-tone averages (PTA) were analyzed for maximum and minimum values and interquartile ranges.

Results:
There were four women and one man, with an average age of 49.8 years. Duration of MD ranged from 4 months to 5 years. None of the patients experienced any technical difficulties performing the testing at home. The average duration of each test was 4.2 minutes, with the longest test taking 19.2 minutes. Patients completed between 45 and 102 tests, with an average of 72. The interquartile range for the PTA ranged from 2.5 to 25 dB for affected ears, and 0 to 6.25 dB for unaffected ears with maximums ranging from 5 to 35 dB in affected ears, and 0 to 10 dB in unaffected ears.

Conclusions:
Daily portable audiometry is feasible in patients with MD. Future studies are planned to further analyze hearing fluctuations in MD with respect to frequencies affected, relationship to vertigo attacks, and response to treatments. Understanding hearing fluctuations in MD may aid refinement of diagnostic criteria and improve prognostication for long-term hearing loss, with a goal of informing treatments that might improve final hearing outcome.
Clinical Outcomes Based on the Timing of Appearance of Visible Lesions in Barrett’s Esophagus During Endoscopic Eradication Therapy
Authors: Thota Prashanthi N. , Benjamin Tanmayee , Sanaka Madhusudhan R. , Goldblum John R. , Vargo John , Jang Sunguk , Lopez Rocio 
Published: January 2019

Background and Goals:
Visible lesions (VLs) in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) are seen in 70% to 90% of patients presenting for endoscopic eradication therapy (EET). It is not known if there are any differences in outcomes of patients with flat dysplasia versus patients with VL. Our aim was to assess outcomes of EET in BE patients with VL and BE patients with flat dysplasia.

Study:
This is a single center study with data drawn from a prospective registry of patients referred for EET of BE between 2011 and 2015. Demographic data, endoscopic findings, histologic findings, and response to EET were analyzed.

Results:
There were 264 patients of which 34 had flat dysplasia, 180 had VL before initiating EET (prevalent lesions) and 50 who developed VL during EET (incident lesions). Compared with patients with flat dysplasia, patients with VL had longer segments of BE (5 vs. 4 cm, P=0.002) and greater prevalence of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) (63.6% vs. 29.4%, P<0.001). Incident lesions are less likely to harbor HGD/EAC compared with prevalent lesions (28.1% vs. 61.8%, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in eradication of metaplasia/dysplasia between the groups. No progression or recurrences were observed in flat dysplasia group. In VL group, 14 patients progressed (prevalent VL=11, incident VL=3) and 15 had recurrences (prevalent VL=11, incident VL=4).

Conclusions:
About 19% of BE patients developed VL during EET. There is higher prevalence of HGD/EAC in prevalent VL compared with incident VL. However, the outcomes did not differ.
CAM-ICU may not be the optimal screening tool for early delirium screening in older emergency department patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lucke Jacinta A. , De Gelder Jelle , Blomaard Laura C. , Fogteloo Anne J. , Alsma Jelmer , Schuit Stephanie C.E. , Brink Anniek , De Groot Bas , Blauw Gerard J. , Mooijaart Simon P. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives
Delirium is a frequent problem among older patients in the emergency department (ED) and early detection is important to prevent its associated adverse outcomes. Several screening tools for delirium have been proposed for the ED, such as the 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT) and the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU (CAM-ICU). Previous validation of the CAM-ICU for use in the ED showed varying results, possibly because it was administered at different or unknown time points. The aim was to study the prevalence of delirium in older ( ≥ 70 years) ED patients using the CAM-ICU and 6-CIT.

Participants and methods
A prospective cohort study was carried out in one tertiary care and one secondary care hospital in the Netherlands. Patients aged 70 years and older attending the ED were included. Delirium screening was performed within 1 h after ED registration using the CAM-ICU. The 6-CIT was determined for comparison using a cut-off point of at least 14 points indicating possible delirium.

Results
A total of 997 patients were included in the study, with a median age of 78 years (interquartile range 74–84). Delirium as assessed with CAM-ICU was positive in only 13 (1.3%, 95% confidence interval: 0.8–2.2) patients. Ninety-five (9.5% 95% confidence interval: 7.9–11.5) patients had 6-CIT more than or equal to 14.

Conclusion
We found a delirium prevalence of 1.3% using the CAM-ICU, which was much lower than the expected prevalence of around 10% as being frequently reported in the literature and what we found when using the 6-CIT. On the basis of these results, caution is warranted to use the CAM-ICU for early screening in the ED.