bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Monoclonal IgM With Antibodylike Specificity for Phospholipids in a Patient With Lymphoma
Authors: Cooper M. R. , Cohen H. J. , Huntley C. C. , Waite B. M. , Spees L. , Spurr C. L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Both murine and human myeloma proteins have been shown to have antibodylike activity for serum lipoproteins. We studied a 58-yr-old woman (M.L.) with a lymphoma and a VDRL titer of 1:4096 and a nonreactive FTA-ABS. Serum electrophoresis revealed an M-component which was shown to be IgM-kappa by immunoelectrophoresis and 2-mercaptoethanol treatment of the serum reduced the VDRL titer to 1:64. Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) of the purified IgM against sonicates of the specific components of the VDRL antigen (cardiolipin, lecithin, cholesterol) produced a precipitin line with both cardiolipin and lecithin. All IgM in the serum could be removed by absorption with cardiolipin, and elution experiments demonstrated the specificity of this reaction. A quantitative precipitin test demonstrated that at the point of equivalence, 0.009 mg of antigen (cardiolipin) reacted with 0.4 mg of IgM (antibody). Additional studies showed that purified IgM (M.L.) gave a positive reaction with nine of 15 phospholipids tested. Similar studies on sera from 50 normal individuals, ten patient’s sera without M-components giving false positive VDRL reactions, and serum from one patient with a congenital absence of IgA and IgG and increased IgM showed no evidence of such a precipitin reaction with any phospholipid tested. Thus, it appeared that the IgM-kappa monoclonal protein behaved like an antibody directed against specific phospholipid antigenic components. The role of lipid antigens in the initiation of such neoplastic and immunologic abberrations should be further investigated and monoclonal proteins screened more extensively against such antigens.
Hemoglobin Duarte: (α2β262(E6)Ala→Pro): A New Unstable Hemoglobin With Increased Oxygen Affinity
Authors: Beutler E. , Lang A. , Lehmann H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with a normal blood hemoglobin level, but with evidence of brisk hemolysis, was found to have an unstable hemoglobin with a left-shifted oxygen dissociation curve. Two sisters of the patient had a history of hemolytic anemia. Both died of thromboembolic complications following splenectomy. Our patient was found to be heterozygous for a new β-chain mutation and β-thalassemia. All of the hemoglobin in his red cells was of the abnormal type, designated hemoglobin Duarte, and was shown to contain proline at the β62 (E6) position instead of alanine.
Sickle Hemoglobin: A Specific Radioimmunoassay
Authors: Rowley Peter T. , Doherty Richard A. , Rosecrans Cheryl , Cernichiari Elsa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For the quantitation of hemoglobin S, a radioimmunoassay has been developed which is specific and highly sensitive. Hemoglobin S was purified by column chromatography and injected with complete Freund’s adjuvant into goats. Each goat serum was tested for reactivity against hemoglobins A and S by immunodiffusion and by quantitative precipitation. Hemoglobin A reactivity was removed by absorption with hemoglobin A. One serum so treated was specific for hemoglobin S; it reacted negligibly with hemoglobins A or F. Hemoglobin S was labeled with 125I by the chloramine T method. In the radioimmunoassay, complete precipitation of the antigen—antibody complex was insured by the addition of rabbit antigoat gamma globulin. This assay offers reliable and specific quantitation of as little as 1 ng of hemoglobin S. Assuming that 10% of the hemoglobin in fetal blood at 16 wk gestation is of adult type, this assay is capable of detecting the amount of hemoglobin S in 10-7 ml of homozygous hemoglobin S blood. The prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell anemia by radioimmunoassay will require, in addition, a method for demonstrating the absence of hemoglobin A and a safe method for obtaining fetal erythrocytes without significant contamination by maternal erythrocytes.
A New Case of Mu Heavy Chain Disease: Clinical and Immunochemical Studies
Authors: Dammacco Franco , Bonomo Lorenzo , Franklin Edward C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new case of mu heavy chain disease is described. The patient, a 48-yr-old Italian housewife, suffered from chronic lymphocytic leukemia of 3 yr duration with anemia and hepatosplenomegaly, but no peripheral lymph node enlargement. Serum protein studies disclosed a small M component with gamma-1 mobility ascribable to free kappa chains, hypogammaglobulinemia, and mu chain fragments with abnormally anodic mobility. Appreciable amounts of kappa chains were also detected in the urine. The mu chain disease protein had a molecular weight of approximately 54,000 and a heterogeneous NH2 terminus, alanine being the main identifiable residue. The NH2 terminal of the kappa chain was glutamic acid. No J chain was detected by polyacrylamide electrophoresis of the partially reduced and alkylated mu chain disease protein.
Restrained Adenyl Cyclase in Human Neutrophils: Stimulation of Cyclic Adenosine 3':5'-Monophosphate Formation and Adenyl Cyclase Activity by Phagocytosis and Prostaglandins
Authors: Stolc Viktor 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We observed that prostuglandins (PG) E1, E2, A1, A2, B1, and F2 alpha increase cAMP concentration in resting neutrophils. In phagocytosing cells, an additional enhancement was seen with PG E1 and PG A2. Such a stimulatory effect of Pg E1 was noted any time during phagocytosis of latex microparticles (3-18 min). Adrenergic inhibitors, phentolamine and propranolol, did not interfere with the stimulatory action of PG E1 on cAMP level in resting and phagocytosing leukocytes. Both aforementioned inhibitors enhanced cAMP level in resting and phagocytosing neutrophils at 1 mM concentration, and an additional increase was seen in PG E1stimulated leukocytes. Although phosphodiesterase activity was unchanged by phagocytosis and PG E1 action, adenylate cyclase (AC) activity was significantly higher in neutrophil homogenates after phagocytosis of latex particles. In contrary, contact of human lymphocytes with latex particles revealed a decrease in AC activity. These data indicate that AC-cAMP system is partly in a restrained state in resting neutrophils and can be relieved by phagocytosis.
Cytochemical and Radioautographic Identification of Cells Induced to Synthesize Hemoglobin
Authors: Rosse Cornelius , Trotter John A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to facilitate the identification of bone marrow cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated, erythropoiesis was first suppressed in guinea pigs through the induction of posthypoxic polycythemia, and then it was restimulated by bleeding and reexposure to hypoxia. Hemoglobin synthesis was detected with 55Fe incorporation on radioautographs, and its presence was demonstrated in the light microscope with the benzidine reaction and absorption of monochromatic light at λ 4046 Å. In the electron microscope, hemoglobin was detected in the cytoplasm by a general increase in electron density after treating the tissue with diaminobenzidine (DAB) and OsO4. Densitometric measurements were carried out on electronmicroscopic negatives, using reticular cell cytoplasm as a base line. In normal marrow, proerythroblasts were the earliest cells in which hemoglobin could be detected, but during the early phase of erythropoietic stimulation, hemoglobin was demonstrated in transitional cells with all the methods employed. Without the specific demonstration of hemoglobin, these cells could not be recognized morphologically as erythroblasts nor could they be distinguished from the precursors of bone marrow small lymphocytes. Transitional cells were numerous in the marrow at the time of stimulation, and 40 hr later a small number of them were labeled with 55Fe and synthesized hemoglobin in detectable amounts. Proerythroblasts were absent at the time of the stimulus, and when they reappeared the majority were benzidine or DAB positive and had incorporated 55Fe. The findings suggest that progenitor cells of erythroblasts are among the basophilic members of the transitional cell population, and erythropoietic stimulation induces hemoglobin synthesis in them. The relationship of these cells to the progenitors of other hemopoietic cells, as well as to the pluripotent stem cell, is discussed.
Ultrastructure of Sickled Deer Erythrocytes. I. The Typical Crescent and Holly Leaf Forms
Authors: Simpson C. F. , Taylor W. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The typical crescent and holly leaf forms of sickled erythrocytes from white-tailed deer were examined by transmission electron microscopy. These cellular aberrations were induced in those animals which are homozygous for the β3-chain and are reversibly related to elevations of pH and POO2. The internal structure of the typically sickled cell was organized into polymerized aggregates. At very high magnification, cross-sections of the cells revealed microtubules, with a diameter of 160-190 Å, which were compared to those which have been described in human sickle cells. The tubules beneath the plasmalemma or extending into protruding spicules were more or less parallel and oriented in a single direction, whereas the aggregates in the remainder of the cell cytoplasm were randomly dispersed. In view of the association of the sickling of deer erythrocytes with a specific hemoglobin β-chain and the marked similarity of the internal architecture of these cells to human sickle cells, the deer erythrocytes provide a model for hemoglobin polymerization which may lead to insights that are applicable to the human condition.
Response to Prednisolone of Cultured Immunoglobulin-producing Human Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Strong James E. , Drewinko Benjamin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The survival of asynchronously growing lymphoid cells (T1 cells) in vitro decreased to 50% viability after 1 hr treatment with concentrations of prednisolone above 10 µg/ml. Treatment with prednisolone for 24 hr produced a decrease in cell survival to a plateau of 30% viability for concentrations above 10 µg/ml. After 48 hr treatment, 10 µ/ml prednisolone reduced viability to 12%. Synchronously growing T1 cells were least sensitive to prednisolone treatment (50 µg/ml) during S phase (DNA synthesis period) and most sensitive during G1 (pre-DNA-synthesis period). This cell cycle specificity is postulated to be an explanation for the presence of prednisolone-resistant cells in asynchronously growing populations. Immunofluorescence studies on the effect of prednisolone (100 µg/ml) on immunoglobulin production indicated there was no correlation between the length of drug treatment and reduction in the percentage of immunoglobulin-producing cells. These results suggest that the mechanism of prednisolone-induced immunosuppression in lymphoid cells is primarily lymphopenia.
In Vitro Production of Erythropoietin by Kidneys Perfused With a Serum-free Solution
Authors: Erslev Allan J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Normal rabbits exposed to 0.4 atmospheric pressure for 3 hr will generate about 40-60 U of erythropoietin during a subsequent 3-hr period. If the kidneys were removed from 3-hr hypoxic animals, washed carefully, and perfused for 3 hr by recirculation with a serum-tissue culture mixture, each kidney generated about 14 U of erythropoietin in vitro. Perfusion of normal kidneys did not result in the production of erythropoietin, and only small amounts were generated if the perfusate contained Puromycin. Three-hour hypoxic kidneys perfused for 3 hr with a serum-free tissue culture medium were found to generate about 8 U of erythropoietin per kidney and similar kidneys perfused with saline about 1 U. These results indicate that erythropoietin is synthesized by kidney tissue and not produced by enzymatic activation of a plasma substrate.
Cycling Characteristics of Human Lymphocytes In Vitro
Authors: Schiffer Lewis M. , Markoe Arnold M. , Winkelstein Alan , Nelson Janet S. R. , Mikulla John M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The cycling characteristics of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cultures were examined by means of a new technique employing radioautographic methods which assay the fraction of cells whose nuclei contain DNA polymerase utilizing exogenous and/or endogenous DNA primer-template capability. The fraction of cells labeled by these techniques increases 5-11 hr prior to the onset of DNA synthesis. Estimates of cell cycle time, G1 time, and fraction of cycling cells are made for the first 4 days in culture. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that daughter cells of the first divisions may be retired from cycle by virtue of loss of primer-template availability, rather than by loss of DNA polymerase.
Human Cyclic Neutropenia: Urinary Colony-stimulating Factor and Erythropoietin Levels
Authors: Guerry DuPont , Adamson John W. , Dale David C. , Wolff Sheldon M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Daily levels of urinary colony-stimulating factor (CSF) were measured in two patients with cyclic neutropenia. The CSF levels increased during the neutropenic period concomitant with the maximum peripheral monocytosis. Simultaneous erythropoietin (ESF) levels were measured in one of these patients. ESF also increased in the neutropenic period antecedent to the periodic reticulocytosis. These studies are compatible with a negative feedback system regulating both granulocytopoiesis and erythropoiesis. Whether the cyclic fluctuations of these substances are causally related to the cyclic marrow proliferation is uncertain.
A New Variant of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia, G6PD Cornell: Erythrocyte, Leukocyte, and Platelet Studies
Authors: Miller Denis R. , Wollman Michael R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A variant of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency associated with chronic hereditary hemolytic anemia was discovered in a 9-yr-old white male. The erythrocytes contained 5% of normal enzyme activity, the Km NADP was two to three times normal, the pH optimum was decreased, and the heat stability was markedly decreased. The Km G6PD, electrophoretic mobility (B), and utilization of substrate analogues 2-deoxy-G6P and deamino-NADP were normal. The activity of G6PD in the leukocytes and platelets was 15% and 28% of normal values, respectively, but bactericidal activity and platelet function were unaffected by the deficiency of G6PD.
Primary Amyloidosis and Acute Leukemia Associated With Melphalan Therapy
Authors: Kyle Robert A. , Pierre Robert V. , Bayrd Edwin D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Amyloid fibrils consist in part of immunoglobulin light chains. Because light chains are synthesized by plasma cells, it seems reasonable to treat patients with amyloidosis with alkylating agents. Two patients who had primary amyloidosis and were treated with melphalan subsequently developed a rapidly fatal acute leukemia. Since melphalan may play a significant role in the development of acute leukemia, we suggest that alkylating agents not be used in the treatment of patients with amyloidosis without full consideration of risks involved, particularly until it has been proved that these drugs are beneficial.
Lack of Recovery of Murine Hematopoietic Stromal Cells After Irradiation-induced Damage
Authors: Chamberlin W. , Barone J. , Kedo A. , Fried W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The rates of recovery of colony-forming units (CFU) and of hematopoietic stroma following x-irradiation were compared. Hematopoietic stromal function of femurs and spleens was assessed by assaying the number of CFU in those sites 6 wk after implanting them subcutaneously into isogeneic hosts. Whereas the number of CFU returned to preirradiation levels in 6 wk, the hematopoietic stroma did not recover significantly in 9 wk. The reasons for regeneration of CFU in a defective stroma were next investigated. Two contributing factors were identified: (1) Stromal damage following 950 rads is such as to retard the rate of regeneration of CFU without significantly limiting the eventual number of CFU in the site, and (2) Radiated mice contain factor(s), possibly humoral, which accelerate the rate of regeneration of CFU.
Inhibition of Endotoxic Lipopolysaccharide-mediated Platelet Aggregation by Cobra Venom Anticomplementary Factor
Authors: Fong Jack S. C. , White James G. , Good Robert A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aggregometry studies on endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated rabbit platelet aggregation were performed. Different preparations of LPS showed characteristic aggregometry profiles, and LPS with potent anticomplementary activities generally had a more vigorous platelet aggregation function than did LPS preparations with lesser anticomplementary functions. Cobra venom anticomplementary factor (CVF) inhibited LPS-platelet interaction, and the inhibition was both time and dose dependent. Dose-response curves of CVF inhibition on LPS or zymosan-mediated platelet aggregation were essentially identical. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that CVF inhibition persisted even when hemolytic complement activities reached more than 70% of those originally present. At the critical time of days 5 or 6 following CVF administration, the lack of platelet responses towards LPS could be restored by addition of fresh plasma from normal or C6-deficient rabbits, but not with plasma that had been treated with antigen— antibody complexes, zymosan, or heating at 56° for 30 min. The experimental data indicate that serum protein(s) other than the terminal complement components are involved in LPS-platelet interaction. It seems most likely that the factor(s) perturbed reside in the mechanisms involved in activation of the alternate pathway. Furthermore, it appears quite possible that LPS-platelet interactions can be inhibited by manipulating the humoral factor(s) involved rather than by altering the platelets themselves.
Thrombocytosis in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia: Incidence and Clinical Significance
Authors: Mason Joe E. , DeVita Vincent T. , Canellos George P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The clinical significance of an elevated platelet count in the course of chronic granulocytic leukemia was studied in a group of 111 previously untreated patients, whose entire course was evaluated by one clinic. Seventy-one patients (64%) developed a platelet count >450,000/cu mm either at diagnosis (56 patients) or in the subsequent course (15 patients). Twenty-nine of the 71 patients had counts in excess of 1 x 106/cu mm. Four patients had serious thrombohemorrhagic complications. None were fatal, and all occurred in the group with counts over a 1 x 106/cu mm. The occurrence of thrombocytosis as a new observation in the face of previous normal counts (15 patients) was associated with frank blastic crisis (six cases) or heralded its onset with a median duration of 8 mo (nine cases). Thrombocytosis per se was associated with a shorter survival (median 36 mo) as opposed to 45 mo in the group (40 cases) whose count was never elevated.
Some Factors Influencing Granulocytic Colony Formation In Vitro by Human White Blood Cells
Authors: Heit Wolfgang , Kern Peter , Kubanek Bernhard , Heimpel Hermann 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The experiments presented in this paper were designed to characterize the colony-stimulating activity (CSA) from white blood cell feeder layers on colony formation by peripheral blood CFCs in soft agar double-layer cultures. The data confirm earlier observations that mononuclear cells are essential for CSA production but document the importance of neutrophilic granulocytes to enhance colony formation. Possible differences between colony enhancement by granulocytes and red cell hemolysate are discussed.
Globin Synthesis in Iron-deficiency Anemia
Authors: Ben-Bassat Isaac , Mozel Miriam , Ramot Bracha 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The α to β globin chain ratio has been determined in the peripheral red cells of 11 patients with iron deficiency anemia. The mean ratio was found to be 0.74 ± 0.07, which is significantly lower than the ratio of 0.97 ± 0.07 obtained in normals. When the stroma-free hemolysates were purified prior to globin preparation the α to β ratio did not change. On the other hand, globin extracted from whole iron-deficient cells, including the stroma, had a higher α to β ratio, 0.88 ± 0.04, but still significantly lower than normal. These results suggest that in iron deficiency there is a decrease in α-chain synthesis relative to β-chain and that there are membrane-bound globin chains, but no excessive increase in the free α-chain pool. Similar findings have been reported previously in other states of heme deficiency like sideroblastic anemia and lead poisoning.
Sickle Hemoglobin in Combination With Hb JBangkok (αA2β56 gly→asp2)
Authors: Gunay Unsal , Pauli Carol , Shamsuddin Mir , Mason R. George , Heinze William J. , Honig George R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Several members of a black family from Southern Illinois were found to be heterozygous for HB JBangkok (αA2β56 gly→asp2), a hemoglobin abnormality previously described only in individuals of Thai, Chinese, or Indonesian ancestry. In two children (ages 3 and 8) Hb JBangkok was present in combination with sickle hemoglobin. Neither of these children demonstrated evidence of hemolytic disease, enlargement of the liver or spleen, or symptomatic sickle crises. The Hb J comprised 54%-59% of the total in all family members having this variant, in common with previous reports of this hemoglobin. Hb A2 and alkali-resistant hemoglobin were present in normal concentrations in all of the family members studied. Deoxygenated mixtures of Hbs S and JBangkok exhibited minimum gelation concentrations similar to those of equivalent mixtures of Hbs S and A.
The Relationship Between Platelets and Bacteria
Authors: Kahn Richard A. , Flinton Linda J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In an attempt to clarify conflicting reports as to whether blood platelets are bactericidal, platelets were artificially contaminated with seven different bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecaiis, and Sarcina lutea. Employing many variations in the circumstances of the exposure, platelets were bactericidal for only Bacillus and possibly Sarcina. When platelet concentrates were contaminated with bacteria and left at room temperature for 48 hr, all organisms but one (Sarcina) grew out of control. However, this organism was also killed in cell-free plasma. The presence of platelets in plasma was found to enhance the growth of some organisms. These experiments indicate that platelets not only have a very limited bactericidal capability, but can protect certain bacteria from death due to other blood components.
The Fate of Soluble Fibrin Monomer in Relation to Intravascular Fibrin Formation and Degradation in Rabbits
Authors: Gurewich Victor , Wetmore Robert , Nowak Andrzej , Lipinski Boguslaw 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
125I-labeled fibrinogen or fibrin monomer (FM) were infused into rabbits, and the radioactivity in the blood, certain organs, and urine was followed. In the FM rabbits, a progressive, relatively rapid loss of blood radioactivity occurred which was accompanied by radioactive deposits in the organs and the excretion of radioactivity in the urine. Extraction of radioactive material from homogenized organ tissues of FM-infused rabbits showed that most of it had the characteristics of stabilized fibrin. Administration of EACA did not change any of the measurements in the fibrinogen animals but increased the rate and extent of fibrin deposition in the FM animals. In animals made leukopenic with HN2, fibrin deposition was inhibited. The findings indicate that a major pathway of FM clearance from the blood involves fibrin formation and deposition with subsequent degradation and excretion. The reticuloendothelial system appeared to play a major role in FM clearance, since most of the fibrin deposits were found in the liver, and the highest concentration was in the spleen. A nonenzymatic mechanism of fibrin formation from soluble FM involving leukocytes is postulated.