bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards an Internet of Science
Authors: Allmer Jens 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Big data and complex analysis workflows (pipelines) are common issues in data driven science such as bioinformatics. Large amounts of computational tools are available for data analysis. Additionally, many workflow management systems to piece together such tools into data analysis pipelines have been developed. For example, more than 50 computational tools for read mapping are available representing a large amount of duplicated effort. Furthermore, it is unclear whether these tools are correct and only a few have a user base large enough to have encountered and reported most of the potential problems. Bringing together many largely untested tools in a computational pipeline must lead to unpredictable results. Yet, this is the current state. While presently data analysis is performed on personal computers/workstations/clusters, the future will see development and analysis shift to the cloud. None of the workflow management systems is ready for this transition. This presents the opportunity to build a new system, which will overcome current duplications of effort, introduce proper testing, allow for development and analysis in public and private clouds, and include reporting features leading to interactive documents.
Association between mild hyperthyrotropinemia and hypercholesterolemia in children with severe obesity
Authors: Iqbal Anoop Mohamed , Lteif Aida N. , Kumar Seema 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Severe obesity is associated with a number of cardiometabolic risk factors. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are often slightly increased in children with obesity. The clinical significance of the mild elevation in TSH in children with obesity is unclear.

Objective
To examine the association between TSH and lipids in children with severe obesity.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of records of children with severe obesity with simultaneous measurements of TSH and lipids. Children with TSH <0.3 mIU/L and ≥10 mIU/L were excluded. The relationship between TSH and lipids was evaluated using univariate/multiple variable linear and logistic regression.

Results
The study included 834 children (age 13.8 ± 4.1 years, males 46%, body mass index [BMI]: 36.9 ± 7.6 kg/m2; BMI z-score 2.6 ± 0.4). Seventy-four (8.9%) children had TSH between 5 and <10 mIU/L (high TSH [HTSH]). TSH was positively associated with non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (β: 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29–3.20, p = 0.02). Total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol were higher in males with HTSH compared to those with normal TSH (175.5 vs. 163.5 mg/dL, p = 0.02 and 133.7 vs. 121.4 mg/dL, p = 0.02, respectively). The odds of elevated non-HDL cholesterol (≥145 mg/dL) was higher in males with HTSH relative to those with normal TSH (odds ratio [OR]: 2.78; 95% CI 1.35–5.69, p = 0.005).

Conclusions
TSH levels were positively associated with non-HDL cholesterol in children with severe obesity. Males with mildly elevated TSH had higher total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol compared to males with normal TSH. Further studies are warranted to determine if levothyroxine therapy would result in improvement in total cholesterol or non-HDL cholesterol in children with severe obesity with mildly elevated TSH.
Crystal structure of 2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol, C22H27N3O
Authors: Xing Ai-Ping , Zeng Dai , Zhang Shu-Ling , Wei Jun-Jun , Guo Da-Feng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C22H27N3O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 18.4984(4) Å, b = 11.4221(3) Å, c = 9.79600(19) Å, β = 90.9652(19)°, V = 2069.51(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0605, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1773, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of benzylbis(1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dionato-κ2
O,O′) chloridotin(IV), C37H29ClO4Sn
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C37H29ClO4Sn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.4233(3) Å, b = 19.5060(6) Å, c = 14.8084(5) Å, β = 94.148(2)°, V = 3002.91(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0432, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1036, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure and optical properties of 1,6-bis(methylthio)pyrene, C18H14S2
Authors: Wang Guang-Qing , Fang Hong-Bo , Xu Li-Hua , Ni Zhong-Hai 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C18H14S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.196(3) Å, b = 14.756(4) Å, c = 9.508(3) Å, β = 103.965(14)°, V = 1388.3(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0480, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1207, T = 200(2) K.
The crystal structure of (E)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one, C18H23NO
Authors: Asiri Abdullah M. , Arshad Muhammad Nadeem , Albukhari Soha M. , Al-Soliemy Amerah M. , Khan Salman A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C18H23NO, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.0033(3) Å, b = 11.5667(7) Å, c = 23.5556(12) Å, α = 77.121(5)°, β = 89.635(4)°, γ = 78.852(5)°, V = 1563.27(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0630, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1733, T = 296(2) K.
Controlled allylation of polyelectrolytes: a deep insight into chemical aspects and their applicability as building blocks for robust multilayer coatings
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Thanh-Tam , Belbekhouche Sabrina , Auvergne Rémi , Carbonnier Benjamin , Grande Daniel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Polyelectrolytes (PEs) bearing easily derivatizable functions for possible post-modification under mild conditions can find a broad range of applications in various fields. The present paper describes the successful controlled side-chain allylation of two types of PEs: polyamine-based polycations, i.e. poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and branched polyethyleneimine (PEI), and strong polyanions, i.e. poly(sodium vinyl sulfonate) (PVS) and poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS). PSS has been largely investigated in the literature, while PVS is much less commonly explored. The allylation of each type presents its own drawback, i.e. heterogeneous reaction in the case of strong polyanions and instability of partially protonated allylated polyamine products. Nevertheless, all encountered difficulties could be solved and thoroughly elucidated by different experimental tests. This partial allyl-functionalization does not affect the electrolytic properties of the newly allylated PEs, as evidenced by the effective construction of two series of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films, namely PEI-ene (PSS-ene/PAH-ene)4 and PEI-ene (PVS-ene/PAH-ene)4, the latter being one of the rare examples developed in the literature. The presence of allyl groups on the PE side-chains allows for the stabilization of the resulting PEM films via thiol-ene photo-crosslinking in the presence of a water-soluble dithiol crosslinker. In order to fix permanently the resulting crosslinked PEM films on substrates, the covalent crosslinking occurs not only between different C=C bonds on PE layers but also with those present on substrates preliminarily functionalized with allyl groups via sulfur–gold chemistry. The robustness of both resulting crosslinked PEM films under strongly basic solution (pH 14) is validated by Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) measurements. The versatility and effectiveness of the present approach is expected to find potential applications in different scientific and technological fields.
Thermodynamic description of U(VI) solubility and hydrolysis in dilute to concentrated NaCl solutions at T = 25, 55 and 80 °C
Authors: Endrizzi Francesco , Gaona Xavier , Zhang Zhicheng , Xu Chao , Rao Linfeng , Garcia-Perez Carmen , Altmaier Marcus 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The solubility and hydrolysis of U(VI) were investigated in 0.10–5.6 m NaCl solutions with 4 ≤ pHm ≤ 14.3 (pHm = −log [H+]) at T = 25, 55 and 80 °C. Batch experiments were conducted under Ar atmosphere in the absence of carbonate. Solubility was studied from undersaturation conditions using UO3 · 2H2O(cr) and Na2U2O7 · H2O(cr) solid phases, equilibrated in acidic (4 ≤ pHm ≤ 6) and alkaline (8.2 ≤ pHm ≤ 14.3) NaCl solutions, respectively. Solid phases were previously tempered in solution at T = 80 °C to avoid changes in the crystallinity of the solid phase in the course of the solubility experiments. Starting materials and solid phases isolated at the end of the solubility experiments were characterized by powder XRD, SEM-EDS, TRLFS and quantitative chemical analysis. The enthalpy of dissolution of Na2U2O7 · H2O(cr) at 25–80 °C was measured independently by means of solution-drop calorimetry. Solid phase characterization indicates the transformation of UO3 · 2H2O(cr) into a sodium uranate-like phase with a molar ratio Na:U ≈ 0.4–0.5 in acidic solutions with [NaCl] ≥ 0.51 m at T = 80 °C. In contrast, Na2U2O7 · H2O(cr) equilibrated in alkaline NaCl solutions remains unaltered within the investigated pHm, NaCl concentration and temperature range. The solubility of Na2U2O7 · H2O(cr) in the alkaline pHm-range is noticeably enhanced at T = 55 and 80 °C relative to T = 25 °C. Combined results from solubility and calorimetric experiments indicate that this effect results from the increased acidity of water at elevated temperature, together with an enhanced hydrolysis of U(VI) and a minor contribution due to a decreased stability of Na2U2O7 · H2O(cr) under these experimental conditions. A thermodynamic model describing the solubility and hydrolysis equilibria of U(VI) in alkaline solutions at T = 25–80 °C is developed, including

log

*

K

s
,
0

°

{

Na

2

U
2

O
7

⋅

H
2

O
(
cr
)
}
,

log

*

β

1
,
4

∘

$\log^* {\rm K}_{\rm s,0}^{\circ} \ \{{\rm Na}_{2}{\rm U}_{2}{\rm O}_{7} \cdot {\rm H}_{2}{\rm O}({\rm cr})\}, \log^{*} \beta _{1,4}^{\circ} $

and related reaction enthalpies. The standard free energy and enthalpy of formation of Na2U2O7 · H2O(cr) calculated from these data are also provided. These data can be implemented in thermodynamic databases and allow accurate solubility and speciation calculations for U(VI) in dilute to concentrated alkaline NaCl solutions in the temperature range T = 25–80 °C.
Biodiesel fuel synthesis by interesterification of triglycerides with carboxylate esters of low molecular weight
Authors: Sendzikiene Egle , Makareviciene Violeta 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The ever-increasing environmental pollution from greenhouse gases motivates the search for methods to reduce it. One such method is the use of biodiesel fuels in the transport sector. Conventional biodiesel production generates up to 10% of a by-product, raw glycerol, whose amount continues to increase as biodiesel production volumes expand, but its demand remains limited. Recently, options have been analysed to replace the triglyceride transesterification process generally used in biodiesel production with an interesterification process that does not generate raw glycerol, instead yielding triacylglycerol that can be directly used as fuel for diesel engines by mixing with fatty acid esters. Additionally, triacylglycerol improves the low-temperature properties of fuel. The present article discusses triglyceride interesterification processes using various carboxylate esters of low molecular weight. Information is provided on raw materials that can be subjected to interesterification for biodiesel synthesis. The possible applications of chemical and enzymatic catalysis for triglyceride interesterification are discussed, and the influence of the catalyst amount, molar ratio of reactants, temperature and process duration on the effectiveness of interesterification is examined. The conditions and effectiveness of noncatalytic interesterification are also discussed in the article. Qualitative indicators of the products obtained and their conformity to the requirements of the European standard for biodiesel fuel are discussed.
Vowel reduction in English -mancompounds
Authors: van de Weijer Jeroen , Sloos Marjoleine , Wei Weiyun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe investigate the pronunciation of English compounds ending in-man(e.g.policeman, clergyman, mailman), some of which are usually pronounced with a full vowel in -man(mailman), some usually with a reduced vowel (policeman), while other words vary between the two (businessman, gunman). Is it possible to predict when the vowel is reduced or not? We investigate a number of factors that could play a role in this issue: (i) the age of introduction of the word into the English language, (ii) the frequency of the word in the synchronic language, (iii) the meaning of -manin the specific compound, (iv) number of syllables, (v) stress pattern and (vi) spelling variation. Although some of these points have been discussed in the literature before, we present the first large full-scale quantitative investigation of the question whether any of these factors are reliable predictors of the pronunciation (and if so, which one predicts the pronunciation best), as well as the interaction between these factors.
Electrical Conductivity of Magnesium Oxide/Molten Carbonate Eutectic Coexisting System
Authors: Nikolaeva Elena V. , Bovet Andrey L. , Zakiryanova Irina D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The electrical conductivity of molten ternary alkali carbonate eutectic, coexisting with MgO particles, has been investigated. The conductivity was measured by the AC impedance method. The apparent activation energy ΔEa
increased with the MgO content. This fact can be attributed to the effect of the solid phase. The specific conductivity of those systems could not be described using the Maxwell model over the solvation process of the carbonate ions on the particles of the magnesium oxide.
Es gibt ein richtiges Leben nur im Falschen
Authors: Koerrenz Ralf 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article argues in the form of an essay that there is a specifically Hebrew grounding of democracy. It is based on an interpretation of the Torah. The different structure of the covenant with Noah and Abraham on the one hand and with the people in the context of the Exodus on the other hand plays the decisive role in this question. In the Exodus, the covenant between God and Israel may be implemented only with the consent of all the people to its social, legal and cultic contents. All this happens, however, under the auspices of a negative anthropology. In principle, only a life in the postparadiesiam, “false” structures of any given political constitution is possible for humanity. These, however, can be shaped above all by legal and social regulations in such a way that the consequences of alienation are positively minimized and the possibility of a flourishing life within such “false” structures can emerge.
Profil Dan Sensitivitas Protein Alergen Ikan Tongkol (Thunnus albacares) Sebagai Reagen Skin Prick Test (SPT)
Authors: Chalid Sri Yadial , Syah Dahrul , Giriwono Puspo Edi , Rungkat Fransiska , Zakaria Zakaria 
Published: May 2019

Ikan tongkol merupakan salah satu produk laut penyebab alergi makanan. Gejala klinis reaksi alergi makanan adalah gatal, bentol, bengkak, sesak nafas, batuk, dan yang terparah adalah syok anafilaksis. Pengobatan dan pencegahan alergi makanan yang terbaik adalah menghindari konsumsi penyebab alergi. Menghindari konsumsi suatu makanan sebaiknya berdasarkan uji alergi seperti Skin Prick Test (SPT). SPT dilakukan menggunakan reagen SPT yang dicukitkan pada lapisan epidermis kulit lengan bagian volar. Reagen alergen pada penelitian ini merupakan protein ikan tongkol yang berasal dari laut Indonesia dan diekstrak dengan buffer fosfat, Profil ekstrak protein menggunakan elektroforesis dan immunoblotting untuk menentukan protein allergen. Sebanyak 15 pita protein terdeteksi pada ekstrak ikan tongkol yaitu protein dengan berat molekul antara 17 sampai 152 kDa. Potensi alergenik terdapat pada pita protein dengan berat molekul antara 12 sampai 50 kDa. Reagen SPT ikan tongkol mempunyai sensitivitas sebesar 81.8% dan spesifitas 100% sehingga disimpulkan bahwa reagen ekstrak ikan tongkol dapat digunakan sebagai reagen skin prick test Kata kunci: Alergi, protein, tongkol, gejala klinis, skin prick test Tuna fish is one of the marine products that can cause allergic. Clinical symptoms of allergic are a bump, swelling, shortness of breath, coughing and anaphylactic shock is the worst symptom. The best medication and treatment is avoiding the consumption of food that could cause allergy. Avoiding consumption of food should be based on an allergy test such as a Skin Prick Test (SPT). SPT using reagent which is applied on the skin of the forearm between the wrist and elbow. The reagent for SPT is a protein solution of tuna which was extracted by phosphate buffer then protein profile was detected using electrophoresis. Immunoblotting was done to determine the molecular weight of the allergen protein. Fifteen protein bands were detected on tuna fish extract; the molecular weight of the protein was obtained between 17 to 152 kDa. Protein allergenic are molecules that have protein bands with a molecular weight between 12 and 50 kDa. Tuna fish extract solution for SPT had a sensitivity is 81.8%, and specificity is 100%, it was concluded that tuna fish reagent could be used as SPT reagent. Keywords: Allergen, protein, tuna fish, skin prick test.
Colloidal Silica Films as Substrates for High Density DNA
Arrays
Authors: Glazer M. , Frank C. , Lussi J. , Fidanza J. , Mcgall G. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTTwo processes for depositing colloidal silica films that can be used as high
surface area substrates for DNA arrays are presented. The films boost the
hybridization signal above that obtainable from the same lateral area of a
“flat” array. In the first process, colloidal silica is deposited directly
from solution. In the second, a templating technique is introduced to give
added control over the pore size and porosity of the film. Polymer latex is
co -deposited with the silica and then pyrolyzed, resulting in larger pores
and higher porosity. Both types of films are tested for functional
performance with DNA arrays and show promising results.
Controlled Synthesis of Perfluoroaryl Functionalized Hybrid
Materials for Optical Applications based on NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular
Modeling
Authors: Kahlenberg Frank , Buestrich Ralf , Popall Michael 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of ORMOCER®*s (inorganic-organic polymers) for
optical applications is studied in detail. Producing waveguide materials
with the desired low optical losses at wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm
requires a thorough control of the initial inorganic network formation,
because absorption losses are particularly due to Si-OH bonds beside
aliphatic C-H bonds. Therefore, the synthesis of UV- or thermally curable
organopolysiloxane resins with minimized Si-OH content is crucial. The
investigation of the sol-gel reaction of organoalkoxysilanes by
29Si-NMR spectroscopy provides a detailed insight into the
influence of reaction conditions on the species and networks formed.
Reaction parameters were optimized towards the formation of ORMOCER® resins
suitable for waveguide applications. Finally, the material synthesis is
completed by crosslinking organically polymerizable units present in the
ORMOCER® resin to establish the inorganic-organic hybrid network. The
experimental work is accompanied by computational chemistry. Calculating
electronic properties is of value in predicting silane reactivities as well
as spectroscopic data of intermediates. Molecular modeling is a convenient
tool for the visualization of structural details on the molecular level.
An Organotin Oxo-Carboxylate Cluster Functionalized by
Triethoxysilyl Groups
Authors: Ribot François O. , Minoux Delphine , Sanchez Clément 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe organotin oxo-carboxylate cluster
{BuSnO(O2CC6H4-4-NH2)}6
(1), which exhibits a hexagonal prismatic oxo-core, was synthesized from
BuSnO (OH) and p-aminobenzoic acid. Its peripheral functionalization with
triethoxysilyl moieties was achieved through the reaction with
3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (ICPTES) which preserves the
oxo-carboxylate framework and yields
{BuSnO[O2CC6H4-4-NHC (O)NH
(CH2)3Si (OEt)3]}6 (2). Both
compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR (119Sn,
1H, 13C, 29Si).
Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Particles by Dendrimer
Nanotemplating
Authors: Gröhn Franziska , Bauer Barry J. , Amis Eric J. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPoly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are used to create organic-inorganic
hybrid colloids in aqueous solution. The formation of gold colloids upon
reduction of a gold salt precursor serves as a model reaction to study the
influence of reaction conditions and dendrimer generation on the resulting
nanostructures. The hybrid particles were characterized by transmission
electron microscopy (TEM), small angle neutron scattering (SANS), and small
angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). A transition is found from “colloid
stabilization” by low molecular mass molecules to “polymer nanotemplating”
with increasing dendrimer generation, i.e, increasing molecular mass but
retaining the chemical nature of the stabilizing species.
Hollow Microspheres of Porous Silica Prepared Starting from a
Hybrid Containing Chitosan
Authors: Retuert Pedro J. , Quijada Raul , Lafourcade Catalina 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe combination of sols containing silica polymers, prepared by the sol-gel
method under conditions of nearly linear chain growth, with solutions of the
biopolymer chitosan has allowed us to obtain hybrid materials in the form of
films or particles. In these hybrid nanocomposites, the organic and
inorganic phases are associated through hydrogen bonds. In this work we
present the preparation of hybrid xerogels of spherical morphology and their
transformation into hollow spherical particles of silica with high specific
area (276 m2/g) and a pore volume of 0.23 cm3/g. The
xerogel particles were obtained by precipitation and subsequent drying.
Thereafter, chitosan was extracted partially with acetic acid (5%) and
finally the product was calcined at 550°C for two hours. The SEM micrograph
shows that the silica particles were obtained as hollow spheres with size in
the range between 10 and 100 μm. By using larger magnification, it was found
that much smaller spheres of about 0.01 μm constitute the surface of these
hollow spheres. Porosimetry shows the presence of micropores as well as
mesopores. The observed morphology is discussed on the basis of a
coprecipitation process conditioned by an association of both organic and
inorganic phases in the precursor hybrid sol.
Fabrication of Polystyrene/CdS Hybrid Nanocomposites Embedded
with CdS Nanowires by a Soft Solution-Processing Route
Authors: Yu Shu-Hong , Yoshimura Masahiro 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA novel one-step soft solution-processing (SSP) route called
solvothermal-co-polymerization technique was successfully developed for
in situ fabrication polystyrene (PS)/CdS nanocomposites
embedded with CdS nanowires in ethylenediamine media at lower temperature
(80–140°C). In this route, the polymerization of the styrene monomers and
the formation of the CdS nanocrystallites occur simultaneously in a certain
temperature range. The results show that the quantum-fined CdS nanowires
with diameters 4–15 nm and lengths up to several micrometers via the present
one-step route were embedded in the PS matrix and had [001] preferential
orientation. Both temperature and solvent were found to play a key role in
the synthesis of the nanocomposites. The produced novel hybrid
nanocomposites display obvious quantum size effects and interesting
fluorescence features.
Mechanical Quality Factor of Lead Zirconate Titanate/Epoxy
Composites
Authors: Cheng K.C. , Chan H.L.W. , Or S.W. , Choy C.L. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe mechanical quality factor Qm of 1–3 piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate/epoxy composites with
ceramic volume fractions φ ranging from 0.18 to 0.82 has been measured. This
range of φ is wider than those previously investigated by other workers. The
width-to-thickness ratio of the ceramic phase is sufficiently small that
there are no significant mode couplings. The observed Qm agrees well with the prediction of the parallel model. It is found
that Qm increases from 34 to 100 as φ changes from 0 to 0.82 and then
increases sharply to reach a high value of 600 at φ = 1. Therefore
Qm can be tailored to give a wide range of values by varying φ.