bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Versus Conventional Flowable Composites: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Chatra Akshatha , Nair Prathap M. S. , D’Costa Vivian Flourish , Kukkila Jayaprakash , Mayya Arun , Chatra Laxmikanth , Mayya Shreemathi S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim:
As an emerging yet underexplored innovation in dentistry, self-adhesive flowable composites (SAFCs) represent a promising and enduring advancement in the dental material technology. Our study aims to evaluate the shear bond strength of two SAFCs and the bonding of conventional flowable composite (CFC) to permanent dentin.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-six teeth were embedded in acrylic blocks, with the occlusal third removed to expose the underlying dentin. A cylindrical mold was positioned on the treated dentin surface and filled with the composite resin material to be evaluated. The prepared permanent dentin surfaces were randomly assigned to three groups based on the following application protocols: Group 1: Axo Uni Flow (AXIMACK, India); Group 2: Constic (DMG, Germany); and Group 3: 37% phosphoric acid etchant + Single Bond Universal + Filtek Z350 XT (3M ESPE, USA). The shear bond strength of the prepared specimens was measured by using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance, followed by Dwass–Steel–Critchlow–Fligner pairwise comparisons.

Results:
Filtek Z350 XT (3M ESPE, USA) demonstrated higher shear bond strength values when compared to Constic (DMG, Germany) and Axo Uni Flow (AXIMACK, India). A significant difference was found between these materials. However, the shear bond strength of the two SAFCs tested did not differ significantly.

Conclusion:
The investigation’s findings suggest that the SAFCs exhibited inferior shear bond strength compared with CFCs when bonded with permanent dentin.
Infusion of 20% Human Albumin Reduces the Requirement of Intraoperative Intravenous Fluids in Patients Undergoing Open Gastrointestinal Oncosurgeries – A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Tripathi Poornima , Gurajala Indira , Kar Akhya Kumar , Madhav Thumma Venu , Gunturi Surya Ramachandra Varma , Jonnavithula Nirmala 
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims:
The optimal strategy for intraoperative fluid management in patients undergoing major abdominal oncosurgery remains undecided. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of 20% intravenous (IV) albumin on the requirement of IV fluids (IVFs) during open gastrointestinal (GI) cancer surgeries.

Methods:
This randomised, double-blinded, controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care centre from August to October 2022 after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and informed written consent from the study subjects. Forty patients were randomised to either Group A (n = 20), receiving an IV infusion of 25 mL/h of 20% albumin, or Group C (n = 20), receiving an IV infusion of 25 mL/h of plasmalyte for 4 h (total 100 mL). Fluid and vasopressor administration was guided by systemic and pulse pressure variations. The primary outcome was the intraoperative requirement for IVF in the two study groups. The secondary outcomes included intraoperative IV vasopressor requirement, serum lactate levels, incidence of post-operative complications and length of hospital stay.

Results:
After the exclusion of three patients due to intraoperative bleeding, 37 patients were included in the final analysis. Patients in Group A (n = 19) required less IVF (3.92 ± 0.54 mL/kg/h) as compared to Group C (n = 18) (5.03 ± 1.20 mL/kg/h) (P < 0.001). Four patients (22%) in Group C required intraoperative noradrenaline IV infusion (P = 0.040). There was no significant difference between the two groups, regarding the mean intraoperative serum lactate values, incidence of post-operative complications and mean length of hospital stay (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
A 100 mL of 20% human albumin as an IV infusion over 4 h reduced the requirement of IV fluid and vasopressor intraoperatively in patients undergoing open GI cancer surgery.
Postoperative Sedation in Free Microvascular Tissue Transfer in Head and Neck Cancer: A Comparison of Fentanyl and Morphine
Authors: Hemrajani Manisha , Joad Anjum Khan , Bansal Sachin , Sharma Hitesh , Jaiswal Monica 
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims:
Head-and-neck cancer surgeries with microvascular free flap reconstruction require endotracheal tube retention for 24–48 h postoperatively. Many regimes have been used for analgesia and sedation. The efficacy of fentanyl and morphine for post-operative analgosedation was compared by evaluating the need for additional sedatives to achieve optimum sedation scores. The secondary objective included analgesia, haemodynamic stability and a re-exploration rate.

Methods:
This was an open-label prospective study. A sample size of 36 was calculated in each group with α = 0.05 and a power of 80% to detect a 50% difference between the groups. Ninety adult patients were allocated to receive either fentanyl (Group F) or morphine (Group M). The Richmond agitation sedation score, Behavioural pain scale score, requirement of rescue hypnotic drug, pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and re-explorations were recorded postoperatively. Haemodynamic parameters and sedation were analysed by two-way repeated measures of analysis variances. Pain scores were analysed using the Chi-square test.

Results:
When titrating to optimal sedation, in Group M, more patients needed intravenous midazolam boluses (n = 42, 93.3%) as compared to Group F (n = 33, 73.3%) (P = 0.011). More subjects in Group M required propofol infusion (n = 15, 33.3%) than in Group F (n = 4, 8.9%) (P = 0.009). Mean behavioural pain scores were significantly higher in Group M (score 1: P = 0.005 and score 2: P =0.001). The difference in the mean systolic, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate and re-exploration rate between the two groups was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:
For analgesia-based sedation of spontaneously breathing intubated patients after head-and-neck cancer reconstructive surgeries, fentanyl is more effective than morphine in terms of ease of titration, sedation quality and analgesia. Both are safe for post-operative sedation regarding haemodynamic stability, tube retention and maintenance of spontaneous respiration.
Investigating the Status of Social Support in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Southeast Iran
Authors: Vali Leila , Izadi Azar , Jahani Yunes , Poursheikhali Atousa , Masoud Ali , Bamir Mousa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Social support plays a crucial role in modifying health-related behaviors aimed at controlling chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. This research investigates the social support status of patients with type 2 diabetes in Kerman, Iran.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study utilized a descriptive-analytical approach and investigated 184 patients referred to the diabetes clinic. The participants were selected through systematic sampling, and data were collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, mean, and standard deviation, were calculated. Multivariate linear regression was employed to analyze the data, which were entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 statistical software.

Results:
The findings indicate that social support was most prominent in the area of nutrition, whereas it was least prominent in the area of exercise. Gender was found to have a statistically significant relationship with both nutritional status and drug consumption dimensions, as women demonstrated lower average scores in these areas compared to men. Moreover, gender and education were observed to impact the dimension of general care. However, none of the demographic characteristics analyzed showed a statistically significant relationship with exercise and physical activity.

Conclusion:
It is crucial to give ample attention to supporting and empowering patients’ families and social groups. Furthermore, adding psychological dimensions to social support could be beneficial. These findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions that target specific areas of support, such as exercise and general care, and take into account the differences between men and women.
Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Taping on Balance, Proprioception, Pain, and Nerve Conduction Parameters in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Two-Group Pretest–Posttest Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial: A Pilot Study
Authors: Thakur Kanika , Goyal Manu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim:
Neuromuscular Taping (NMT) is the application of elastic adhesive tape to the skin without any tension in it. NMT creates wrinkles on the surface of the skin to help stretch the skin passively and this elongation force assists in muscle contraction and relaxation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of NMT in the improvement of sensorimotor complications following diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Setting and Design:
A randomized controlled trial performed at a tertiary health care center.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 20 participants were recruited and were divided into two groups: The experimental group (EG; N = 10) and the control group (CG; N = 10). Eight weeks of physiotherapy intervention including NMT on bilateral tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, peroneus longus muscles, transverse arch of the foot, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the course of bilateral tibial and peroneal nerves for EG. CG received sham taping and TENS as an EG group. The patients were assessed for pre- and post-intervention using the outcomes: Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Signs and Symptoms and nerve conduction velocity of tibial, peroneal, and sural nerves and H-reflex, Berg Balance Scale, and Pedalo-Sensamove Mini Board.

Results:
The results revealed that both the groups showed significant improvements in all variables except for the H-reflex of the right and left sides at P > 0.05. EG showed more clinical and symptomatic improvement compared with CG. In EG, most of the variables showed moderate to large effect sizes ranging from 0.66 to 0.97 except for bilateral H-reflex; ranging from 0.15 to 0.33.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that NMT can be a trustworthy approach to treating DPN.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire
Authors: Barutcu CD , Eskin SG , Bulut S 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Translation and adaptation of English-language tools for use in communities speaking other languages is a facilitating factor for conducting nursing and health-related research.

Aim:
To test the validity and reliability of the Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire (NCFQ) for Turkish society.

Methods:
The study was carried out on 316 students between September 2022 and April 2023. The results were tested with validity and reliability analyzers such as factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and item-total score analysis.

Results:
The scale comprised 22 items including three subdimensions. In both exploratory and confirmatory factor tests, the overall factor loading was greater than 0.30. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all the goodness of fit indexes were greater than 0.87, and the root mean square error of approximation was less than 0.07. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.92, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging between 0.55 and 0.88 for the subscales.

Conclusion:
NCFQ was found to be a valid and reliable scale for the Turkish population.
Comparative study of visual and refractive outcomes of laser assisted in situ Keratomileusis versus small incision lenticule extraction versus implantable collamer lens for moderate to high myopia correction
Authors: Khalifa Mai M.M. , Hussein Tarek R. , Elbedewy Hazem A. , Abdelhalem Tamer I. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Myopia represents a condition of refraction, in which parallel light rays converge in front of the resting eye retina.

Aim
To compare the laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) visual and refractive outcomes versus small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus implantable collamer lens (ICL) while correcting cases having moderate to high myopia.

Patients and methods
Our research involved 60 eyes having moderate to severe myopia ranging from –3 to –10 dioptres. They divided into three equal groups, group A: through LASIK, group B: through SMILE, and group C: received an ICL. Preoperative uncorrected visual acuity, Corrected distance visual acuity, and Manifest and cycloplgic refraction assessments were accomplished.

Results
Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity exhibited no significant variation among groups A and B, yet a significant variation was documented among groups A and C as well as among groups B and C P less than 0.001. The postoperative spherical error showed no significant variation among groups A and B nor among groups B and C yet exhibited significant variation among groups A and C P=0.002. Postoperative astigmatism was no significant variation among groups A as well as B, yet a significant variation was documented among groups A and C in addition to between groups B and C. Postoperative spherical equivalent was a significant variation among groups A and C P less than 0.001 and among groups B and C P less than 0.001.

Conclusion
Visual outcomes were comparable between LASIK, SMILE, and ICL. The three procedures exhibited superior effectiveness, safety, stability, and accuracy in the treatment of moderate and high myopia.
Corneal topographic changes in thyroid eye disease
Authors: Mohammed Abdelsalam N.A. , Shalaby Osama E.-S. , Awara Amr M. , El-Marakby Omnia O. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Thyroid eye disease (TED) causes lid retraction, extraocular muscle enlargement, and tear film changes, which can affect corneal topography.

Aim
To assess the corneal topographic changes associated with TED and relate these changes to disease activity and severity.

Patients and methods
This prospective cross-sectional case-control study was carried out on 50 eyes of 25 patients aged less than or equal to 50 years old, both sexes, diagnosed with TED and present or past serological evidence for thyroid disease (TED group). Patients were divided into two groups: the TED group: 30 eyes of 15 patients with TED and the control group: 20 eyes of 10 patients with age-matched and sex-matched without TED.

Results
In the TED group, axial proptosis was negatively correlated with minimal corneal thickness. Both upper and lower lid infrared meibography showed a positive correlation with axial proptosis. Active patients had considerably greater Baiocchi-Calossi-Versaci front and upper lid meibomian glands loss than inactive cases. In moderate to severe instances, upper and lower lid meibomian gland loss was much greater than in mild cases. Baiocchi-Calossi-Versaci front, Baiocchi-Calossi-Versaci back, Baiocchi-Calossi-Versaci total, and meibomian glands loss were considerably greater in TED than the control group. The TED group had significantly lower flat, steep, and average keratometry than the control group.

Conclusion
Corneal anterior surface flattening is the most characteristic topographic change in TED not related to disease activity or severity. TED increases meibomian gland loss, which is a major factor of ocular surface alteration in TED.
Nutritional screening in children with cerebral palsy in Tanta University Hospitals
Authors: Elkady Wessam R. , Al-Shahawy Azza K. , El Shafiey Rasha G. , Elsawy Doaa M. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Cerebral palsy (CP) in children can lead to malnutrition due to growth hormone dysregulation, muscle spasticity, and feeding difficulties, which can worsen CP limitations and lead to multiple negative impacts on general health.

Aim
To screen the nutritional status of children with CP at the University Hospitals.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional observational study included 100 CP children of both sexes, aged less than 17 years old, who attended the Pediatric Clinical Nutrition and Neurology Clinics at the University Hospitals. They underwent a comprehensive medical history, which included a detailed feeding history, a thorough clinical examination, and an assessment of their anthropometric measurements.

Results
Lack of weight gain for 2–3 months was the most common indicator of feeding and swallowing difficulties (74%), followed by stressful mealtimes with caregivers (61%). The main gastrointestinal tract comorbidity was dysphagia (40%). The median daily water, energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and fiber intakes as percentages of the recommended dietary allowance were 45, 66, 76, 67, 78, and 19%, respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition was 24% for wasting (6% severe) based on the Gomez classification and 93% for stunting (57% severe) based on the Waterlow classification.

Conclusion
Most of the studied CP patients had red flags indicating feeding and swallowing difficulties. They consumed less water, calories, and macronutrients than the recommended dietary allowances for their ages. In addition, they had varied degrees of malnutrition.
Diffusion-weighted MRI in characterization of enlarged cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Elyazeed Aya M.A. , Khodair Sameh A. , El-Hamid Alm El-Din Mohamed A. , El Shahawy Alshiyma Z. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) has been shown to enhance the visibility of sub-centimetric lymph nodes (LNs) by suppressing background tissue, thereby facilitating LN identification in comparison to conventional sequences.

Aim
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient in distinguishing among cancerous and benign cervical lymphadenopathy.

Patients and methods
This prospective research includes 50 cases complaining of cervical LN swelling referred to MR units of Radiodiagnosis and Clinical Oncology department at Tanta University Hospital, with symptoms of enlarged cervical LN.

Results
The most frequently encountered lesion was lymphoma in 12 (24.00%) cases, followed by metastatic from thyroid carcinoma in 7 (14%) cases and metastasis from cancer parotid in 6 (12%) cases, 5 (10%) cases were diagnosed as metastasis from tongue, metastasis from oropharyngeal mass was found in 4 (8%) cases, 3 cases were diagnosed as TB and acute inflammatory with percentage of (6%) for each one, where there were 2 cases diagnosed with percentage of (4%). This study revealed that DWI is a technique for investigation of tumors histological content of LNs and used for distinguishing among benign and cancerous ones.

Conclusion
DWI with apparent diffusion coefficient map is a novel and promising method for distinguishing cancerous from noncancerous LN. The addition of DWI to standard MRI gives extra biological and functional information for characterizing cervical LN.
Effect of exposure to the electromagnetic waves emitted from cellular phone on the cerebellum and hippocampus of the adult male albino rats
Authors: Eid Amal E.Z. , Salem Maysa F. , Nosseir Nermine S. , El-Hanafy Hend A.M. 
Published: October 2024

Background
The use of electromagnetic fields in daily life becomes more common, and it’s thought that these stimuli have an impact on various body cells and organs. Electromagnetic waves originate from several sources in our surroundings, such as radio antennae, TVs, wireless communication etc. One of the most prevalent sources of electromagnetic field induction is mobile phones.

Aim
To assess the effects of electromagnetic waves emitted from cellular phone on the cerebellum and hippocampus of the adult male albino rats.

Materials and methods
40 male albino rats were exposed to cellular phones radiation. Rats were divided into three groups: control group (I): 20 adult male albino rats, experimental group (II): 10 rats constantly exposed to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) 2 h per day, 6 days a week, for 1 month and experimental group (III): 10 rats constantly exposed to EMR 2 h per day, 6 days a week, for two months. Then the rats were sacrificed and their cerebellum and hippocampus were stained and examined.

Results
Found that the intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles in the neuronal cell body increased and that the EMR from cell phones produced a notable degeneration of cerebellar, hippocampus pyramidal, and granular neurons.

Conclusions
The neuronal damaging effect of EMR exposure can lead to hippocampus and cerebellar dysfunction.
Evaluation of patients with central retinal vein occlusion using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Ahmed Shimaa M. , Gaber Raouf A. , El Azim Elkoumy Hamdy A. , El-Koddousy Mona S. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most prevalent retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy, it may be categorized as central, hemi-central, and branch RVO. The most important risk factors are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidaemia.

Aim
The objective of the research is to assess the ocular condition of patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Patient and methods
This prospective cross-sectional controlled trial was conducted on a total of 44 individuals, who were separated into two distinct groups: group 1: 24 eyes of 24 patients with central RVO, group 2: 20 eyes of 20 healthy persons.

Results
Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was significantly larger in both superficial and deep plexi levels in CRVO cases in comparison to the values of the same levels in normal subjects with predominance FAZ enlargement in the deep plexus than superficial plexus. Measurement of vascular density was significantly less in both superficial and deep plexi levels in CRVO cases in comparison to the same levels in normal subjects. Central macular thickness (CMT) detected by OCT was significantly more in CRVO cases in comparison to normal subjects. There were negative correlation between best-corrected visual acuity in decimal and CMT, Increased CMT was associated with diminish best-corrected visual acuity.

Conclusion
OCTA has the advantage of being a non-invasive method in assessing CRVO patients which makes it more practical than FFA in some clinical situations like patients with chronic kidney disease.
A qualitative study on experiences and perceptions of screening for enrolment in HIV clinical research among volunteers in Kenya
Authors: Nyariki Emily , Olenja Joyce M. , Lorway Robert R. , Anzala Omu 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION
Screening volunteers to determine their eligibility to enrol in clinical research is an important phase in clinical research. However, little is known about how volunteers view and experience this phase of research implementation. This study explored volunteers’ perceptions and experiences of screening for enrolment into HIV clinical research studies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A qualitative study was conducted with 44 research participants purposively selected from a sample of 164 participants drawn from six research studies at the Kenya Aids Vaccine Initiative-Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR) in Nairobi, Kenya. Data was collected between March and June 2014, through in-depth interviews that were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were managed and thematically analyzed using the Atlas ti software.
RESULTS
Participants expressed mixed views and experiences about screening. A majority had initial fears about HIV testing and being screened for possible chronic diseases. Discomfort with physical examination, amounts of blood collected and associated pain were reported. On a positive note, participants were appreciative of the free comprehensive screening, and confirmations of being in good health. Those found with minor ailments reported receiving treatment before enrolment. HIV risk reduction behaviours following post-test counselling were also reported by some.
CONCLUSIONS
Evaluating participants’ experiences of screening for enrolment is important for the design of research that meets ethical requirements and responds to research participants’ fears and concerns for optimal enrolment and retention.