bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipidome profiles of postnatal day 2 vaginal swabs reflect fat composition of gilt’s postnatal diet
Authors: Harlow KaLynn , Ferreira Christina R. , Sobreira Tiago J.P. , Casey Theresa , Stewart Kara 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe hypothesized that postnatal development of the vagina is impacted by early nutritional environment. Our objective was to determine if lipid profiles of vaginal swabs were different between gilts suckled by sow or fed milk replacer the first 48 h postpartum, with and without a lard-based fat supplement. Gilts (>1.3 kg) were selected at birth across 8 litters and assigned to treatments: colostrum suckled (S, n=8); S plus fat supplement (SF, n=5); bottle-fed milk replacer (B, n=8); or B plus fat supplement (BF, n=7). At 48 h postnatal, vaginal swabs were taken with a cytology brush, immersed in ultrapure water to burst cells, and lipids extracted for analysis using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-profiling. Lipids extracted from serum collected at 48 h from gilts and milk collected from sows at 24 h were also analyzed with MRM-profiling. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis found 18 lipids highly distinguished [area-under-the-curve (AUC) > 0.9] between S and B gilts, including phosphatidylethanolamine with 34 carbon and four unsaturations in the fatty acyl residues [PE(34:4)]. Twelve lipids from vaginal swabs highly correlated (r> 0.6;p< 0.01) with nutrition source. Lipids more abundant in milk replacer drove association. For example, mean intensity of PE (34:4) was 149-fold higher in milk replacer than colostrum, with 1.6- and 2.12-fold higher levels in serum and vaginal swab samples (p< 0.001), respectively, of B versus S gilts. Findings support that vaginal swabs can be used to noninvasively study effects of perinatal nutrition on tissue composition.Summary sentenceVaginal swab lipidome profiles at 48 h reflect the fat composition of neonatal diet during first two days postnatal.
Treatment of mice with IL2-complex enhances inflammasome-driven IFN-γ production and prevents lethal toxoplasmosis
Authors: Kupz Andreas , Pai Saparna , Giacomin Paul R. , Whan Jennifer A. , Walker Robert A. , Hammoudi Pierre-Mehdi , Smith Nicholas C. , Miller Catherine M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractToxoplasmic encephalitis is an AIDS-defining condition in HIV+individuals. The decline of IFN-γ-producing CD4+T cells in AIDS is a major contributing factor in reactivation of quiescentToxoplasma gondiito an actively replicating stage of infection. Hence, it is important to identify CD4-independent mechanisms to control acuteT. gondiiinfection. Here we have investigated the targeted expansion and regulation of IFN-γ production by CD8+T cells, DN T cells and NK cells in response toT. gondiiinfection using IL-2 complex (IL2C) pre-treatment in an acutein vivomouse model. Our results show that expansion of CD8+T cells, DN T cells and NK cell by S4B6 IL2C treatment increases survival rates of mice infected withT. gondiiand this increased survival is dependent on both IL-12- and IL-18-driven IFN-γ production. Processing and secretion of IFN-γ-inducing, bioactive IL-18 is dependent on the sensing of active parasite invasion by multiple redundant inflammasome sensors in multiple hematopoietic cell types but independent fromT. gondii-derived dense granule (GRA) proteins. Our results provide evidence for a protective role of IL2C-mediated expansion of CD8+T cells, DN T cells and NK cells in murine toxoplasmosis and may represent a promising adjunct therapy for acute toxoplasmosis.Author SummaryA third of the world’s population is chronically infected with the parasiteToxoplasma gondii. In most cases the infection is asymptomatic, but in individuals suffering from AIDS, reactivation of brain and muscle cysts containingT. gondiiis a significant cause of death. The gradual decline of CD4 T cells, the hallmark of AIDS, is believed to be a major contributing factor in reactivation ofT. gondiiinfection and the development of acute disease. In this study, we show that targeted expansion of non-CD4 immune cell subsets can prevent severe disease and premature death via increased availability of interferon gamma-producing immune cells. We also demonstrate that the upstream signaling molecule interleukin-18 is required for the protective immune response by non-CD4 cells and show that the sensing of active parasite invasion by danger recognition molecules is crucial. Our findings reveal that targeted cell expansion may be a promising therapy in toxoplasmosis and suggests that the development of novel intervention strategies targeting danger recognition pathways may be useful against toxoplasmosis, particularly in the context of AIDS.
Is there more room to improve? The lifespan trajectory of procedural learning and its relationship to the between- and within-group differences in average response times
Authors: Juhasz Dora , Nemeth Dezso , Janacsek Karolina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCharacterizing the developmental trajectories of cognitive functions such as learning, memory and decision making across the lifespan faces fundamental challenges. Cognitive functions typically encompass several processes that can be differentially affected by age. Methodological issues also arise when comparisons are made across age groups that differ in basic performance measures, such as in average response times (RTs). Here we focus on procedural learning – a fundamental cognitive function that underlies the acquisition of cognitive, social, and motor skills – and demonstrate how disentangling subprocesses of learning and controlling for differences in average RTs can reveal different developmental trajectories across the human lifespan. Two hundred-seventy participants aged between 7 and 85 years performed a probabilistic sequence learning task that enabled us to separately measure two processes of procedural learning, namely general skill learning and statistical learning. Using raw RT measures, in between-group comparisons, we found a U-shaped trajectory with children and older adults exhibiting greater general skill learning compared to adolescents and younger adults. However, when we controlled for differences in average RTs (either by using ratio scores or focusing on a subsample of participants with similar average speed), only children (but not older adults) demonstrated superior general skill learning consistently across analyses. Testing the relationship between average RTs and general skill learning within age groups shed light on further age-related differences, suggesting that general skill learning measures are more affected by average speed in some age groups. Consistent with previous studies of learning probabilistic regularities, statistical learning showed a gradual decline across the lifespan, and learning performance seemed to be independent of average speed, regardless of the age group. Overall, our results suggest that children are superior learners in various aspects of procedural learning, including both general skill and statistical learning. Our study also highlights the importance to test, and control for, the effect of average speed on other RT measures of cognitive functions, which can fundamentally affect the interpretation of group differences in developmental, aging and clinical psychology and neuroscience studies.
Radical reform and reforming radicals in Australian schooling
Authors: Mayes Eve 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider historical shifts in the mobilisation of the concept of radical in relation to Australian schooling.

Design/methodology/approach
Two texts composed at two distinct points in a 40-year period in Australia relating to radicalism and education are strategically juxtaposed. These texts are: the first issue of the Radical Education Dossier (RED, 1976), and the Attorney General Department’s publication Preventing Violent Extremism and Radicalisation in Australia (PVERA, 2015). The analysis of the term radical in these texts is influenced by Raymond Williams’s examination of particular keywords in their historical and contemporary contexts.

Findings
Across these two texts, radical is deployed as adjective for a process of interrogating structured inequalities of the economy and employment, and as individualised noun attached to the “vulnerable” young person.

Social implications
Reading the first issue of RED alongside the PVERA text suggests the consequences of the reconstitution of the role of schools, teachers and the re-positioning of certain young people as “vulnerable”. The juxtaposition of these two texts surfaces contemporary patterns of the therapeutisation of political concerns.

Originality/value
A methodological contribution is offered to historical sociological analyses of shifts and continuities of the role of the school in relation to society.
Leadership, organizational culture, and innovative behavior in construction projects
Authors: Zheng Junwei , Wu Guangdong , Xie Hongtao , Li Hongyang 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the joint congruence effect of leadership styles and organizational culture on project members’ innovative behaviors in the construction projects setting.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed hypotheses are tested using polynomial regression with a sample of 217 project managers and employees of different construction projects in China, and plotted through response surface analysis.FindingsThe results of polynomial regressions support the congruence effect hypothesis, indicating that more innovative behaviors of the project members could be elicited by a high level of congruence between transformational or transactional leadership styles and organizational culture. Furthermore, asymmetrical incongruence effects are found wherein project members with lower levels of innovative behaviors when project organizational culture is stronger as compared with when two leadership styles are at higher levels. Specifically, the condition is found under the innovation dimension of organization culture, but higher level of innovative behavior conversely displays when the harmony culture is weaker than two leadership styles.Research limitations/implicationsThe conceptual model and hypotheses are examined by analyzing cross-sectional and self-reported data collected in China. The findings could be further examined through multi-source or longitudinal, more systematic research.Practical implicationsThe findings highlight the pivotal role played by the value congruence of leaders-organizations in motivating employees to be innovative in project organizations. This paper provides knowledge for project managers to help them understand whether and how project members’ innovative behaviors are better motivated by the fit or misfit between the styles of leadership and project organizational cultures. Besides, this study provides the approach or direction for the project leaders training.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to examine the joint effects of leadership styles and organizational culture on innovative behavior based on the person-organization fit theory and from the perspective of value congruence.
All-natural versus organic: are the labels equivalent in consumers’ minds?
Authors: Amos Clinton , Hansen James C. , King Skyler 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate inferences consumers make about organic and all-natural labeled products in both food and non-food contexts using the health halo effect as a theoretical foundation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses three experiments to test the effects of organic and all-natural labeling across three product types, food, personal hygiene and household cleaning, while controlling for environmental attitudes.FindingsThe results of the experiments in the context of food, personal hygiene and household cleaning products suggest that both organic and all-natural labeling produce halo effects. Distinct findings are presented across the three product types.Research limitations/implicationsFindings indicate that consumers may make unwarranted inferences about both organic and all-natural labeled products and demonstrates that the health halo effect is a potentially robust phenomenon, pervasive across a diverse array of products. This research used a crowdsourcing platform for sample recruitment. Future research should validate the results of these experiments with other sample types.Practical implicationsThis research suggests that consumers may make similar unwarranted inferences for diverse products bearing organic and all-natural labels. These inferences are particularly intriguing given the differing regulatory requirements for the labelsOriginality/valueOrganic and all-natural labels are ubiquitous in both food and non-food products. However, research on either label primarily exists in a food context and has not directly compared the labels. Understanding the inferences consumers make based on the labels across product types is imperative for both marketing and public policy.
The performance effect of intellectual capital in the Russian context
Authors: Molodchik Mariia A. , Jardon Carlos Maria , Bykova Anna Andreevna 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of the contribution made by intellectual capital (IC) to company performance at company and industry levels in the Russian context. It examines the performance effect of IC using a multilevel approach.

Design/methodology/approach
The study combines the resource- and industry-based view. It decomposes performance determinants into two levels of analysis in such a way that it is assumed that IC at industry and company levels has a significant simultaneous impact on company performance. The empirical part of the study uses a database of 1,096 Russian public companies, covering the period of 2004–2014 and divided into 19 industries. The econometric methodology uses hierarchical linear models to estimate the effect of IC in the different levels of analysis.

Findings
The study confirms that the strength of the performance effect of IC is contingent on the industry. Furthermore, the study reveals that industry-level endowment with regard to intangibles contributes more to company performance in comparison with a company-level endowment, in the context of the transitional economy.

Originality/value
The study proposes a novel methodological approach to the performance effect of IC in the Russian context, studying the differences between industry and company effect. The study provides insights to better understand the importance of the politics of IC at the different levels (industry and company) and presents a new empirical enquiry into strategic behaviour regarding IC in Russia.
Self-regulated learning in English-language learners who are persisting despite failure on a high school exit exam
Authors: Krishnan Kalyani , Li Chieh , Kruger Louis , Kimble Edward , Aki Gina , Ruah Rachel 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This study aims to explore whether English-language learners (ELLs) who have struggled to pass a high school exit exam (HSEE) self-report that they are able to self-regulate their learning. It is of interest to find out whether, in addition to limited English proficiency, these students are struggling to exert control over their learning.

Design/methodology/approach
Using semi-structured interviews, the study sought the perspectives of eight ELLs who had repeatedly failed their state-mandated HSEE. Interviews were transcribed using a modified grounded theory approach, and thought units were coded with a focus on the following elements of SRL: self-understanding, goal directedness, flexibility and strategy use.

Findings
Results indicated that all interviewees demonstrated a greater, more specific awareness of their academic weaknesses than their strengths. Half the interviewees demonstrated an awareness of how they learned. Similarly, half of them verbalized that they approached learning flexibly. None of the interviewees reported using evidence-based strategies. However, all interviewees were goal-oriented.

Research limitations/implications
This research approach may limit the external validity of the results. The richness of the data may also be limited because interviews were conducted in English.

Practical implications
The findings from this study have implications for educating ELLs in an era of standards-based education and helping them pass HSEEs.

Social implications
These results also have implications for advancing social justice through informed educational policy.

Originality/value
This paper fills a gap in the literature by extending the theory of SRL, which is associated with academic success in diverse students, to ELLs, a rapidly growing demographic in US public schools that is struggling to achieve academic success.
Developing a mentoring programme in the chemical industry
Authors: Santos Marta , Pereira Cláudia , Silva Daniel , Cadilhe Maria Antónia , Cunha Liliana 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse a programme designed to welcome and train new employees, implemented in a chemical industry, privileging the transmission of know-how as a dynamic process where learning is co-constructed in the course of the activity.Design/methodology/approachThe design of the programme was based on the analysis of the work performed in real context by operators and supervisors. The data about the programme’s evaluation were collected by questionnaire, assessing the trainees’ global development and the impact of the training programme (after six months).FindingsThis paper involves designing, planning and implementing “4 × 4 Training”, a training programme for young trainees. Combining in-class training with an extensive component of on-the-job mentoring, the programme involved trainees, mentors and internal trainers, monitored by work psychologists. The results show both the trainees and the mentors evaluate the programme positively. The professional transmission stands out as an activity that is thought through and defined in group, assisted by a mentoring relationship of mutual learning.Practical implicationsWhen planning and developing intergenerational transmission processes, it is crucial to consider the organisational conditions, to involve from an early stage the key players of each work situation and to guarantee that the mentoring activity and the productive activity overlap coherently.Originality/valueIt is an innovative process to integrate trainees in the chemical industry in Portugal. The methodological approach and the findings provide a first framework that justifies the relevance of the transmission of know-how through a real work situation.
Teaching Public Economics with Special Reference to Australian and US Cultures
Authors: Abelson Peter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article discusses how teaching public economics is, and should be, related to national cultures. The article shows how the US culture of distrust of government influences the two major US texts (Rosen and Gayer 2014; Gruber 2016) that dominate the teaching of public economics in Australia and elsewhere. By contrast, Stiglitz and Rosengard's (2015) text on public economics emphasises the role of government in providing social welfare. These traditions may be described as neo‐liberal and social democratic respectively. I conclude that the social democratic approach reflects Australian culture and is more appropriate for teaching public economics in Australian universities.
Do Embedded Assessments in a Dual‐Level Food Chemistry Course Offer Measurable Learning Advantages?
Authors: Crandall Philip G. , Clark Jeffrey A. , Shoulders Catherine W. , Johnson Donald M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe 2011 passage of the Food Safety Modernization Act requires managers to teach and verify that employees have learned and are engaged in science‐based food safety behaviors. Instructors using embedded assessments such as clickers can receive immediate feedback on how well learners understand what is being taught, allowing instructors to provide immediate, additional clarification and motivation. The objectives of this study were to: design and implement embedded assessment learning activities for each lecture objective in a combined undergraduate/graduate‐level, food chemistry course; measure students’ performance on three online examinations; and compare students’ performance on objectives reinforced by embedded assessment techniques against those objectives receiving traditional emphasis. For Exam 1, embedded assessment questions averaged 80.0% and traditional emphasis questions averaged 76.4%; for Exam 2, embedded assessment questions averaged 84.6% and traditional emphasis questions averaged 80.6%; and for Exam 3, embedded assessment questions averaged 85.9% and traditional emphasis questions averaged 73.7%. Pooling scores over all exams gave a grand mean of 83.6% for embedded assessment questions and 77.2% for traditional questions. As hypothesized, the average scores on questions reinforced by embedded assessment were considerably higher, 8.3% overall, with significantly (P < 0.05) higher scores. During lectures, students commented on the embedded assessments that then led to further discussion of any unclear points. When the class did poorly, operationalized as less than 80% correct, they petitioned to get a “do over” on the embedded assessment question after a clarifying discussion. Because the students became managers of their own learning, through embedded assessments, it is hoped that they will become more proficient instructors.
Empathy at Knifepoint: The Dangers of Research and Lite Pedagogies for Social Justice Movements
Authors: Ritterbusch Amy E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss the ways I have fallen short as a participatory geographer and activist both in my teaching and research practices. I use three critical moments in the development of our PAR collective in Colombia to push debates in geography on participatory research and pedagogy further through reflection on my struggles in the streets and in the university. Additionally, I connect these experiences and previous discussions in participatory geographies with Orlando Fals Borda's discussion of sentipensar (a concept that engages feeling and thinking simultaneously). I draw attention to the Latin American origins of PAR philosophy by placing Fals Borda into dialogue with the protagonists of our social movement in Colombia including human rights activists, homeless drug users and sex workers. In a general sense, this paper is an examination of the challenges I have faced in the contact zones of PAR inside and outside the classroom.