bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on Successful Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Ghojazadeh Morteza , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Pournaghi-Azar Fatemeh , Mohseni Mohammad , Derakhshani Naser , Azami-Aghdash Saber 
Published: September 2018

Background & Aims: Evaluating the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on breastfeeding
success shows conflicting results. Regarding the importance of breastfeeding and uncertainties
about its effect, this study intended to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of
randomised controlled trials on the effect of KMC on success of breastfeeding.
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Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, required data were collected by searching
the following keywords: breastfeeding, Breast-Feeding, “skin-to-skin”, “Kangaroo Mother Care”,
randomized clinical trial. The following databases were searched: Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE,
Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Two authors independently extracted
the data. To estimate the Breast-Feeding outcome variables, CMA2 software was used. The
risk of bias of studies was assessed with the criteria developed in the Cochrane Handbook.

Results:
Twenty articles were included. In the KMC and CNC groups, 1,432 and 1,410 neonates
were examined. Breastfeeding success rate was higher in the KMC group within different time slots,
however this difference was not statistically significant (RR=1.11(95CI, 0.93-1.34) and
RR=1.13(95%CI, 0.92-1.34) based on the time slot and birth weight, respectively). The inter-groups
differences in the mean scores of Infant Breast-Feeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT) were statistically
significant (P<0.05). Breastfeeding was initiated very sooner in the KMC group, suggesting a statistically
significant inter-groups difference -0.72(95%CI, from -0.92 to -0.53) (P<0.05). Majority of
the studies had a high risk of bias.

Conclusion:
Findings indicated a superiority of KMC over CNC in terms of breastfeeding success.
Assessment of the complications and costs of KMC implementation is recommended.
Measurement of Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration by use of Carbon Nanotubes and 1-allyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bromide
Authors: Parsafar Nahid , Banaei Aghdas 
Published: September 2018

Objective:In this research, carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes were used to construct working and counter electrodes of the electrochemical gas sensor. The 1-allyl-3- methylimidazolium bromides which is a hydrophilic room temperature ionic liquid was used as the electrolyte. Finally, the sensor was used to measure hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide in the air.Methods:The electrochemical method was used to measure the hydrogen sulfide concentration. To record sensor response, chronoamperometry was performed. Also, impedance spectroscopy of screen printed electrodes modified with MWCNTs-COOH was done. The working electrode was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.Results:In the range of 0.6 ppm to 10 ppm, the sensor had a linear behavior and its sensitivity was 0.3716 µA / ppm. The results of the FESEM, EDX and FTIR analysis confirm the desired structure of the working electrode. Impedance spectroscopy shows that by using ionic liquid electrolyte the impedance is less than the case of the sulfuric acid electrolyte.Conclusion:The use of ionic liquid as an electrolyte can increase the sensor sensitivity about 141% with respect to sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, in 0.6 ppm to 10 ppm concentration range of H2S gas. Also, the sensor response to hydrogen sulfide is more than one thousand times greater than its response to carbon monoxide per 1 ppm of gas.
Transurethral Resection of Prostate (Turp): Surgery Without Using a 3-Way Catheter
Authors: Jones Adam , Ehsanullah Syed Ali , Birring Amerdip , Gascoigne Connor , Singh Sid , Ginepri Andrea , Apakama Ike 
Published: September 2018

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) continues to be an effective intervention for certain indications; and this procedure is still one of the most commonly performed in urology. The use of a 3-way catheter with continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) post-TURP is widely practiced in a bid to prevent clot retention. We report our unique experience with the use of 2-way urethral catheters post-TURP surgery. Methodology Data was prospectively collected for 143 consecutive patients who underwent a bipolar TURP between July 2015 and October 2017. The following outcomes where measured and compared against the literature: resection time, resected weight, haemoglobin level, hospital stay, catheterization days, transfusion rate and complications. Results Two-way 18-French catheters were used in 132/143 (91.7%) patients. The remaining 11/143 (8.3%) patients had a 3-way 22-French catheter and CBI immediately post-TURP. There were no incidences of clot retention requiring a return to theatre. There were 2/132 (1.5%) patients requiring transfusion who received 2-way catheterization. The average resection time was 44.8 (10-100) minutes, with a mean resected weight of 22.8 (2.0-70.0) grams. Post-operatively, we found minimal drop in haemoglobin levels, with a fall of 0.7 g/dL on average, with a range of 0.1-3.4 g/dL. Mean length of stay following TURP was 1.45 days (1-18), and 101/132 (76.5%) of patients had a successful trial without catheter on the first post-operative day. Conclusion Our outcomes compare favorably with the published data. This study suggests it may be possible to reduce the cost and resources associated with the use of 3-way catheters and CBI post-TURP surgery by using a 2-way catheter instead. Despite this, appropriate patient selection for this novel technique needs to be adopted. Our results would suggest that patients with smaller prostates or limited resections might be suitable for a 2-way urethral catheter post-TURP.
Dynamics of CEO Disclosure Style
Authors: Bochkay Khrystyna , Chychyla Roman , Nanda Dhananjay (DJ) 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
We examine changes in CEOs' disclosure styles in quarterly earnings conference calls over their tenure. Our longitudinal analysis of newly hired CEOs shows that CEOs' forward-looking disclosures and their disclosures' relative optimism decline in their tenure. Further, externally hired and inexperienced CEOs are more future-oriented, and younger CEOs exhibit greater optimism in their disclosures. We also find that non-CEO executives' disclosure styles remain time-invariant over their CEOs' tenure. Our evidence is consistent with uncertainty reduction about managers' ability over their tenure (1) reducing the demand for and the supply of forward-looking disclosures, and (2) attenuating managerial career concerns leading to the decline in disclosure optimism.
JEL Classifications: D22; D70; D82; D83; L20; M12.
Local economic development agencies and place-based development: Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Lawrence Faith , Rogerson Christian M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Local economic development agencies (LEDAs) are increasingly important actors in place-based local economic development particularly in the global South. In South Africa there has been an expanded role for LEDAs in terms of the policy significance of local economic development. Although considerable research has been undertaken concerning the merits, challenges and contributions of LED in South Africa only limited material is available concerning the institutional and organisational arrangements to support the implementation of LED. Using policy documents, close engagement with the key national policy-making government departments and a national survey of the activities, operational challenges, and institutional constraints facing LEDAs, the findings from this investigation provide new insight into their role in place-based development. From the unfolding South African experience the strategic establishment of LEDAs potentially can contribute to maximizing the efficiency of place-based strategies. Arguably, key findings confirm the important contribution that LEDAs can make to locality development in the global South albeit that contribution is influenced by context realities.
Multi-Layer Cluster Based Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Internet of Things
Authors: Sankar S. , Srinivasan P. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We propose a multi-layer cluster based energy aware routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks, which divides the network area into equal length rings. The intra-ring clustering process divides a ring into equal sized clusters and inter-cluster routing applies the fuzzy logic to select the best route for data transfer. It increases the network lifetime and packet delivery ratio by 18-22% and 5-8%, respectively.
Study on the Design and Control of Pipeline Leak Detection Robot Fish
Authors: Cai Jian-xian , Zhou Xu , Pan Zhen-ling , Gao Peng-gang , Luo Yu-xin , Lin Zi-xian 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Based on the simplified fish motion model, a robot fish which could detect the oil leakage point of pipeline was designed by the method of single-joint driving. The Hawkeye OV7725 was used to design the image acquisition module to obtain the current movement of the fish and the current pipeline situation and the collected data was processed for making the relevant decisions to achieve the direction of movement control with the STM32 microcontroller. On the basis of binarization image centroid method, the image recognition algorithm was studied. By using the coordinates of the white point in the two-dimensional array, a linear regression equation which can reflect the distribution trend of the white point in a frame image was designed and the motion direction of the current robot could be detected. Since the linear regression equation converge to the characteristics of discrete data points, the oil leakage point inside the white area of the image could be detected. Experiment results showed that the robot fish can effectively complete the oil spill point detection task.
Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of the Metal-Based Ignition Propensity Test Thermodynamics
Authors: Guindos Pablo , Patel Apurva , Rodriguez Minia-Xisela 
Published: September 2018

Summary
This research analysed in detail the performance of the new alternative ignition propensity test prescribed in the standard ASTM E2187-16, which is based on the utilization of a substrate comprising a thin steel plate along with one filter paper. The analysis was performed both experimentally, by means of infrared temperature measurements, and theoretically by using a comprehensive finite element model that was able to predict the temperature of the substrate with errors of only 7.3% and 15.7% in space and time, respectively. While the new alternative test was able to reduce the variability of the heat absorbance from 33% to only 4% with respect to the conventional tests, it showed several downsides that critically reduce its reliability. The heat absorbance of the alternative test did not correctly emulate the conventional procedure as it absorbed as much heat as twice. The gravity effect on the plate increased the air gap thickness more than twice, thereby decreasing potentially the heat absorbance by 13%. In addition, a mechanical analysis showed that compressive stresses due to high temperature gradients could cause irreversible buckling, creep and yielding of the plate. Experiments showed that in fact the concavity of the plate was prone to increase after testing. Assuming the maximum concavity allowed by the standards, the heat absorbance was halved in respect to a perfectly flat plate. In view of these results, the utilization of the conventional test method still appears clearly more appropriate than the alternative one.
Analysis of Menthol, Menthol-Like, and Other Tobacco Flavoring Compounds in Cigarettes and in Electrically Heated Tobacco Products
Authors: Reger Lea , Moß Julia , Hahn Harald , Hahn Jürgen 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Although smoking is responsible for a huge variety of diseases which result in ~16% of the fatalities in the United States and Europe respectively, cigarettes are still being sold far and wide. Mentholated cigarettes were introduced in 1920, since then to today social recognition and the use of flavored tobacco products is still increasing especially within young people. The EU adopted as its measure to reduce tobacco use among adolescents the prohibition of tobacco products with a characteristic flavor by means of the directive 2014/40/EU of the European Parliament and the Council.
For this reason, we developed a method for the simultaneous determination of 14 tobacco flavors like menthol, menthol-like and other compounds via gas-chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (GC/MS) and analyzed 21 different tobacco products (mentholated and non-mentholated cigarettes, as well as electrically heated tobacco products (EHTPs)) of the German market regarding their flavoring compound patterns. The highest amounts of flavoring compounds were determined in menthol cigarettes (~10,000 μg/stick) whereas non-mentholated cigarettes and EHTPs featured only ~10 μg/stick. In total, seven flavoring compounds like menthol, L-menthone, L-linalool, isopulegol, geraniol, camphor and WS-3 (cooling agent) were available within the samples. Mentholated cigarettes could be clearly identified since > 99% of the measured flavoring compounds was represented by menthol. Although flavoring compounds in non-mentholated cigarettes and EHTPs were quite comparable, they could be differentiated due to different flavoring compound patterns. Brandspecific flavoring compound patterns were not recognized.
From vascular biology to vascular medicine
Authors: Paolacci Stefano , Rakhmanov Yeltay , Maltese Paolo Enrico , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders include various conditions characterized by morphological and functional defects of the heart and vascular system. Molecular biology techniques (in particular DNA sequencing) have recently offered new insights into the etiology of cardiovascular defects, revealing their association with germline as well as somatic mutations.
Genetic tests are evaluated on the basis of their analytical and clinical validity, clinical utility, and ethical, legal and social implications. Next generation sequencing is so far the best approach for molecular diagnosis of congenital heart defects and vascular anomalies, the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of which makes them difficult to diagnose. Understanding the molecular causes of congenital heart defects and vascular anomalies has permitted clinical trials of drugs targeting affected genes and pathways.
The articles in this Special Issue aim to provide guidance for those concerned with diagnosis and research in the field of cardiovascular defects. The approach to genetic testing is discussed.
Genetic testing for lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome
Authors: Rakhmanov Yeltay , Maltese Paolo Enrico , Paolacci Stefano , Marinelli Carla , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We studied the scientific literature and disease guidelines to summarize the clinical utility of genetic testing for lymphedema distichiasis (LD) syndrome. LD is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, and has unknown prevalence. It is caused by variations in the FOXC2 gene. Clinical diagnosis involves clinical examination, targeted at identifying primary lymphedema (chronic swelling of the extremities) and distichiasis (double row of eyelashes). The genetic test is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials.
Genetic testing for cystic hygroma
Authors: Maltese Paolo Enrico , Rakhmanov Yeltay , Zulian Alessandra , Notarangelo Angelantonio , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cystic hygroma (CH) is characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the region of the fetal neck and is a major anomaly associated with aneuploidy. Morphologically characterized by failure of the lymphatic system to communicate with the venous system in the neck, the clinical manifestations of CH depend on its size and location. Incidence is estimated at one case per 6000-16,000 live births. CH has autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance. This Utility Gene Test was developed on the basis of an analysis of the literature and existing diagnostic protocols. It is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials.
Genetic testing for atrioventricular septal defect
Authors: Rakhmanov Yeltay , Maltese Paolo Enrico , Paolacci Stefano , Fanelli Francesca , Beccari Tommaso , Dundar Munis , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is a congenital heart defect characterized by a shared atrioventricular junction coexisting with deficient atrioventricular septation. The main morphological characteristic of AVSD is a common atrioventricular canal. The prevalence of AVSD is estimated at 0.31/1000 live births and is higher among subjects with PTPN11 mutations. ASD may have autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance. This Utility Gene Test was prepared on the basis of an analysis of the literature and existing diagnostic protocols. It is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials.
Genetic testing for Ebstein anomaly
Authors: Rakhmanov Yeltay , Maltese Paolo Enrico , Bruson Alice , Beccari Tommaso , Dundar Munis , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Ebstein anomaly (EA) is a rare congenital tricuspid valve malformation, characterized by downward displacement of the septal leaflet and an atrialized right ventricle. About 80% of cases of EA are non-syndromic; in the other 20%, the anomaly is associated with a chromosomal or Mendelian syndrome. The prevalence of EA is estimated at about 1 per 20,000 live births, and accounts for less than 1% of all congenital heart defects. EA has autosomal dominant inheritance. Likely causative genes are: NKX2-5, MYH7 and TPM1. This Utility Gene Test was developed on the basis of an analysis of the literature and existing diagnostic protocols. It is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, potential risk assessment and access to clinical trials.
Genetic testing for pulmonary stenosis
Authors: Rakhmanov Yeltay , Maltese Paolo Enrico , Marinelli Carla , Beccari Tommaso , Dundar Munis , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Pulmonary stenosis (PS) is a congenital pulmonary valve malformation. It can be classified as valvular, subvalvular or supravalvular. Isolated forms of PS are rare. PS is associated with the development of massive pulmonary arterial dilatation. Patients with PS have a high consanguinity rate and the disorder is highly familial, which is why knowing the genetic aetiology of this defect is important. Prevalence is estimated at about 4/10,000 live births, and incidence at about 10% of all children with congenital heart defects. PS has prevalently autosomal dominant and rarely autosomal recessive inheritance. This Utility Gene Test was developed on the basis of an analysis of the literature and existing diagnostic protocols. It is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials.
Genetic testing for aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Rakhmanov Yeltay , Maltese Paolo Enrico , Zulian Alessandra , Paolacci Stefano , Beccari Tommaso , Dundar Munis , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a congenital aortic defect in which the aortic lumen narrows due to thickening or calcification of the aortic valve without obstructing left ventricular outflow. Depending on the site of obstruction, AVS is classified as valvular, sub-valvular or supra-valvular. The prevalence of AVS is about 3% and increases with age. One in eight persons over the age of 75 years has moderate or severe AVS. AVS has autosomal dominant inheritance. It can be associated with mutations in the following genes: NOTCH1, SMAD6, SMAD4, and ELN. This Utility Gene Test was developed on the basis of the analysis of the literature and existing diagnostic protocols. It is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials, when available.
Genetic testing for coarctation of aorta
Authors: Rakhmanov Yeltay , Maltese Paolo Enrico , Zulian Alessandra , Beccari Tommaso , Dundar Munis , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is an inherited narrowing of the proximal descending thoracic aorta. Histological features include localized medial thickening and infolding with superimposed neointimal tissue. CoA is diagnosed by detection of a murmur or hypertension during routine examination. Typical clinical features are delayed or absent femoral pulses and difference in blood pressure between the arm and legs. These symptoms may appear in the first weeks of life or after the neonatal period. CoA accounts for 4-6% of all congenital heart defects and has a reported prevalence of about 4 per 10,000 live births. It is more common in males than females (59% vs 41%). This Utility Gene Test was developed on the basis of an analysis of the literature and existing diagnostic protocols. It is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials.
Genetic testing for bicuspid aortic valve
Authors: Rakhmanov Yeltay , Maltese Paolo Enrico , Bruson Alice , Beccari Tommaso , Dundar Munis , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a congenital defect in which the aortic valve has two rather than three leaflets. In many patients valve function may be normal but valve decompensation may occur due to other associated congenital abnormalities and secondary valve and aortic complications. Decompensation manifests as stenosis or regurgitation and thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Cystic medial necrosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of BAV. Prevalence of BAV is estimated at 0.5-2.0%. In children, 70-85% of stenotic aortic valves are bicuspid, compared to at least 50% in adults. BAV has autosomal dominant inheritance. This Utility Gene Test was developed on the basis of an analysis of the literature and existing diagnostic protocols. It is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials.