bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Urinary Retention After Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection with Early Catheter Removal: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Eriksen Jens Ravn , Munk‐Madsen Pia , Kehlet Henrik , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly catheter removal is essential to enhance postoperative mobilization and recovery, but may carry a risk of urinary retention. This study aimed to evaluate a standardized regimen for early postoperative catheter removal and re‐catheterization in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery within an optimal ERAS setting.MethodsThis was a single‐center prospective study of patients undergoing elective minimally invasive colorectal resection and postoperative catheter removal within 24 h, with a re‐catheterization threshold of 800 ml bladder volume. The primary outcome was postoperative urinary retention rate, and the secondary outcomes were time of catheter removal and length of stay with a special focus on differences between colon and rectal resections.ResultsA total of 113 patients were included in the study, and 87 patients were eligible for the final analysis. Rectal resection was performed in 22 of 87 patients, and all operations were performed with minimally invasive technique. The conversion rate was 3.5%, and 30‐day mortality was 0%. More than 95% of the patients had their catheter removed within 24 h with no difference between rectal and colonic resections. Postoperative urinary retention was observed in 9% of all patients (rectum 18% vs. colon 6%, p = 0.11). One patient had an indwelling catheter at discharge, but all patients had free voluntary micturition at 30‐day follow‐up. Median length of stay was 3 days (1–13 days).ConclusionsCatheter removal within 24 h of surgery using a re‐catheterization threshold of 800 ml is safe and reduces unnecessary re‐catheterizations following minimally invasive colorectal resection.
The hallmarks of CMV-specific CD8 T-cell differentiation
Authors: van den Berg Sara P. H. , Pardieck Iris N. , Lanfermeijer Josien , Sauce Delphine , Klenerman Paul , van Baarle Debbie , Arens Ramon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUpon cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, large T-cell responses are elicited that remain high or even increase over time, a phenomenon named memory T-cell inflation. Besides, the maintained robust T-cell response, CMV-specific T cells seem to have a distinctive phenotype, characterized by an advanced differentiation state. Here, we will review this “special” differentiation status by discussing the cellular phenotype based on the expression of CD45 isoforms, costimulatory, inhibitory and natural killer receptors, adhesion and lymphocyte homing molecules, transcription factors, cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. In addition, we focus on whether the differentiation state of CMV-specific CD8 T cells is unique in comparison with other chronic viruses and we will discuss the possible impact of factors such as antigen exposure and aging on the advanced differentiation status of CMV-specific CD8 T cells.
Coenzyme Q biosynthesis in the biopesticide Shenqinmycin-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain M18
Authors: Jiang Hai-Xia , Wang Jing , Zhou Lian , Jin Zi-Jing , Cao Xue-Qiang , Liu Hao , Chen Hai-Feng , He Ya-Wen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) is a redox-active isoprenylated benzoquinone commonly found in living organisms. The biosynthetic pathway for this lipid has been extensively studied in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, little is known in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we observed that CoQ9 is the predominant coenzyme Q synthesized by the Shenqinmycin-producing strain M18. BLASTP and domain organization analyses identified 15 putative genes for CoQ biosynthesis in M18. The roles of 5 of these genes were genetically and biochemically investigated. PAM18_4662 encodes a nonaprenyl diphosphate synthase (Nds) and determines the number of isoprenoid units of CoQ9 in M18. PAM18_0636 (coq7PA) and PAM18_5179 (ubiJPA) are essential for aerobic growth and CoQ9 biosynthesis. Deletion of ubiJPA, ubiBPA and ubiKPA led to reduced CoQ biosynthesis and an accumulation of the CoQ9 biosynthetic intermediate 3-nonaprenylphenol (NPP). Moreover, we also provide evidence that the truncated UbiJPA interacts with UbiBPA and UbiKPA to affect CoQ9 biosynthesis by forming a regulatory complex. The genetic diversity of coenzyme Q biosynthesis may provide targets for the future design of specific drugs to prevent P. aeruginosa-related infections.
Demographic Engineering and International Conflict: Evidence from China and the Former USSR
Authors: McNamee Lachlan , Zhang Anna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhen and where do states coercively alter their internal demography? We build a theory that predicts under what conditions states alter the demographic “facts on the ground” by resettling and expelling ethno-national populations. We predict that, under particular scope conditions, states will employ demographic engineering to shore up control over (1) nonnatural frontiers, and (2) areas populated by ethnic minorities who are co-ethnics with elites in a hostile power. We then substantiate our predictions using new subnational data from both China and the USSR. Causally identifying the spatially differential effect of international conflict on demographic engineering via a difference-in-differences design, we find that the Sino-Soviet split (1959–1982) led to a disproportionate increase in the expulsion of ethnic Russians and resettlement of ethnic Han in Chinese border areas lacking a natural border with the USSR, and that resettlement was targeted at areas populated by ethnic Russians. On the Soviet side, we similarly find that the Sino-Soviet split led to a significant increase in expulsion of Chinese and the resettlement of Russians in border areas, and that resettlement was targeted at areas populated by more Chinese. We develop the nascent field of political demography by advancing our theoretical and empirical understanding ofwhen, where, andto whomstates seek to effect demographic change. By demonstrating that both ethnic group concentration and dispersion across borders are endogenous to international conflict, our results complicate a large and influential literature linking ethnic demography to conflict.
Query-based summarization of discussion threads
Authors: Verberne Suzan , Krahmer Emiel , Wubben Sander , van den Bosch Antal 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we address query-based summarization of discussion threads. New users can profit from the information shared in the forum, Please check if the inserted city and country names in the affiliations are correct. if they can find back the previously posted information. However, discussion threads on a single topic can easily comprise dozens or hundreds of individual posts. Our aim is to summarize forum threads given real web search queries. We created a data set with search queries from a discussion forum’s search engine log and the discussion threads that were clicked by the user who entered the query. For 120 thread–query combinations, a reference summary was made by five different human raters. We compared two methods for automatic summarization of the threads: a query-independent method based on post features, and Maximum Marginal Relevance (MMR), a method that takes the query into account. We also compared four different word embeddings representations as alternative for standard word vectors in extractive summarization. We find (1) that the agreement between human summarizers does not improve when a query is provided that: (2) the query-independent post features as well as a centroid-based baseline outperform MMR by a large margin; (3) combining the post features with query similarity gives a small improvement over the use of post features alone; and (4) for the word embeddings, a match in domain appears to be more important than corpus size and dimensionality. However, the differences between the models were not reflected by differences in quality of the summaries created with help of these models. We conclude that query-based summarization with web queries is challenging because the queries are short, and a click on a result is not a direct indicator for the relevance of the result.
SHIFTING POWER
Authors: Remster Brianna , Kramer Rory 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile prisoners cannot vote, they are counted as residents of the often rural legislative districts where they are incarcerated rather than their home districts. We examine the extent to which incarceration shifts the balance of a representative democracy by considering its impact on legislative apportionment. Drawing on data from the Census, Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, and Pennsylvania Redistricting Commission, we develop a counterfactual framework to examine whether removing and returning prisoners to their home districts affects equal representation. Because prisoners are disproportionately African American, we also employ this counterfactual to assess racial differences in the impact of prison gerrymandering. Findings indicate that incarceration shifts political power from urban districts to suburban and rural districts through legislative apportionment. Moreover, non-White communities suffer the most. We conclude by considering how our findings fit a growing literature on the role of mass incarceration in [re]producing racial inequalities in the contemporary United States.
Efficacy of Vitamin D on Chronic Heart Failure Among Adults
Authors: Chunbin Wang , Han Wang , Lin Cai 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Vitamin D deficiency commonly occurs in chronic heart failure. Whether additional vitamin D supplementation can be beneficial to adults with chronic heart failure remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched on September 8, 2016. Seven randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular outcomes in adults with chronic heart failure, and comprised 592 patients, were included in the analysis. Compared to placebo, vitamin D, at doses ranging from 2,000 IU/day to 50,000 IU/week, could not improve left ventricular ejection fraction (Weighted mean difference, WMD = 3.31, 95% confidence interval, CL = −0.93 to 7.55, P < 0.001, I2 = 92.1%); it also exerts no beneficial effects on the 6 minute walk distance (WMD = 18.84, 95% CL = −24.85 to 62.52, P = 0.276, I2 = 22.4%) and natriuretic peptide (Standardized mean difference, SMD = −0.39, 95% confidence interval CL = −0.48 to 0.69, P < 0.001, I2 = 92.4%). However, a dose-response analysis from two studies demonstrated an improved left ventricular ejection fraction with vitamin D at a dose of 4,000 IU/day (WMD = 6.58, 95% confidence interval CL = −4.04 to 9.13, P = 0.134, I2 = 55.4%). The results showed that high dose vitamin D treatment could potentially benefit adults with chronic heart failure, but more randomized controlled trials are required to confirm this result.
Controls on the Deep‐Water Cycle Within Three‐Dimensional Mantle Convection Models
Authors: Price Matthew G. , Davies J. H. , Panton James 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEarth's mantle is known to harbor water in the form of hydrous and nominally anhydrous minerals. How much water the mantle holds and whether it has remained constant through time are open questions. Previous numerical studies of the deep‐water cycle have been limited to box models or 2‐D calculations. Here we present for the first time results from 3‐D mantle convection models. We address the evolution of the mantle's total water content by adapting a well benchmarked mantle convection code to track water, including its feedbacks on dynamics. While Earth's surface is presently covered by one ocean mass of water, our results suggest that the mantle holds approximately two ocean masses of water based on the best estimates from mineral physics. This value varies only weakly for a wide parameter space of additional complex dynamics such as viscosity laws, density controls, and phase change considerations. Our result of a mantle holding two ocean masses conforms with estimates from other branches of Earth science, suggesting that these models could be an excellent tool in understanding the spatial heterogeneity of the water found in the mantle.
Seasonal Variability of the Global Spectral Wind Wave Climate
Authors: Echevarria E. R. , Hemer M. A. , Holbrook N. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOur understanding of the seasonal variability in the global wind wave field is revisited here using a novel analysis that resolves the directional wave spectra. Empirical orthogonal function analysis was applied to modeled wave spectral data from a WAVEWATCH III hindcast across a sparse global grid to identify the main patterns of the climatological wave spectral variability at each grid point. Prior methods have focused on the variability of two modes of the wave field—locally generated sea and the primary swell component. Our results also consider additional wave modes at each location, enabling us to track the passage of the less dominant swell modes. Consistent with existing climatological knowledge, the main modes of wave spectral variability at high latitudes are related to eastward propagating waves that disperse equatorward as swell following great circle paths. However, despite being the less energetic mode, the Northern Hemisphere generated swell is found to propagate into the Southern Hemisphere further than the more energetic Southern Hemisphere swell which propagates northward. In the equatorial zone, a complex multimodal wave climate is found, with the spectra variability modulated by remotely generated swell and higher‐frequency waves associated with the prevailing winds. The evolution of these patterns throughout the year is clearly depicted. Overall, our approach captures a more complete picture of the seasonal variability of the global wave field, by accounting for all the wave modes observed in the spectra at each location together with their temporal variability.
Formation of Snow Cover Anomalies Over the Tibetan Plateau in Cold Seasons
Authors: Wang Zhibiao , Wu Renguang , Zhao Ping , Yao Shuai‐Lei , Jia Xiaojing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present study investigates relationship between interannual variations of snow cover and local surface and atmospheric variables, and the formation of interannual snow cover anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau in the cold seasons (autumn, winter, and spring). It is shown that the snow‐related surface heat flux and atmospheric heat source anomalies increase from autumn to spring, whereas precipitation anomalies are most prominent in autumn. This suggests that snow cover anomalies over the central eastern Tibetan Plateau are mainly formed in autumn and their impacts are most prominent in spring. The central eastern Tibetan Plateau snow cover anomalies have high month‐to‐month persistence during October through April, indicative of a large contribution of persistence to snow cover anomalies in winter and spring. The Tibetan Plateau snow cover anomalies in cold seasons are influenced by large‐scale atmospheric circulation anomaly pattern of different paths. In autumn, a wave pattern from the North Pacific to the Tibetan Plateau via the North Atlantic, induced by eastern North Pacific and western North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies, plays an important role in the formation of snow cover anomalies. In winter, a North Atlantic Oscillation related wave pattern from the North Atlantic to East Asia may contribute to snow cover anomalies. In spring, a midlatitude wave pattern originating over the western North Atlantic and propagating through the Mediterranean Sea to southern Tibetan Plateau may have a supplementary contribution to snow cover anomalies.
Direct Comparison and Triple Collocation: Which Is More Reliable in the Validation of Coarse‐Scale Satellite Surface Albedo Products
Authors: Wu Xiaodan , Xiao Qing , Wen Jianguang , You Dongqin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA rigorous and reliable validation is the prerequisite and basis to properly understand the accuracy of satellite surface albedo products. However, the representativeness error of point scale in situ measurements, which mainly results from the spatial mismatch between in situ and satellite measurements as well as the surface heterogeneities, generally hinders an effective validation of satellite surface albedo products based on the conventional direct comparison method. Triple collocation technique has been recognized as a powerful tool to estimate the errors of satellite products without requiring the truth. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of both the direct comparison and extended triple collocation (ETC) methods in tackling with the representativeness error of in situ measurements and characterizing the performances of satellite surface albedo products (MCD43A3 [V006], GLASS, and NPP VIIRS albedos) given whether the in situ‐based pixel‐scale albedo was available or not. The ETC method is shown to be advantageous over the direct comparison based on single “point” in situ measurements, because it is less affected by representativeness errors. However, it shall not substitute for the direct comparison method based on in situ‐based pixel‐scale albedo measurements, because its effectiveness in solving representativeness errors and estimating product errors is very limited and dependent on the choice of the data in the triplets. Furthermore, the ETC technique cannot be used to estimate the true physical errors of satellite surface albedo products.
SuperDARN Observations of Semidiurnal Tidal Variability in the MLT and the Response to Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events
Authors: Hibbins R. E. , Espy P. J. , Orsolini Y. J. , Limpasuvan V. , Barnes R. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUsing meteor wind data from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) in the Northern Hemisphere, we (1) demonstrate that the migrating (Sun‐synchronous) tides can be separated from the nonmigrating components in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region and (2) use this to determine the response of the different components of the semidiurnal tide (SDT) to sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) conditions. The radars span a limited range of latitudes around 60°N and are located over nearly 180° of longitude. The migrating tide is extracted from the nonmigrating components observed in the meridional wind recorded from meteor ablation drift velocities around 95‐km altitude, and a 20‐year climatology of the different components is presented. The well‐documented late summer and wintertime maxima in the semidiurnal winds are shown to be due primarily to the migrating SDT, whereas during late autumn and spring the nonmigrating components are at least as strong as the migrating SDT. The robust behavior of the SDT components during SSWs is then examined by compositing 13 SSW events associated with an elevated stratopause recorded between 1995 and 2013. The migrating SDT is seen to reduce in amplitude immediately after SSW onset and then return anomalously strongly around 10–17 days after the SSW onset. We conclude that changes in the underlying wind direction play a role in modulating the tidal amplitude during the evolution of SSWs and that the enhancement in the midlatitude migrating SDT (previously reported in modeling studies) is observed in the MLT at least up to 60°N.
Sedimentological and Geochemical Composition of Aeolian Sediments in the Taklamakan Desert: Implications for Provenance and Sediment Supply Mechanisms
Authors: Jiang Qida , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSediment provenance is a key issue in understanding the aeolian system of the Taklamakan Desert, an important source of global dust and the largest sand sea in the midlatitudes worldwide. In provenance research, it may be a mistake to assume that the sand and dust fractions of desert sediments have the same source, which has been the case in previous studies of the Taklamakan Desert. The aims of the present study were to identify the provenance of the sand and dust fractions of the sediments of the Taklamakan Desert, to determine the contemporary sediment supply mechanisms of the desert, and to assess the relative importance of silt‐producing mechanisms for the desert dust. We analyzed the grain size of desert sediment samples and measured the content of major, trace, and rare earth elements within the bulk samples, sand fractions (>63 μm), and dust fractions (<63 μm). Our grain size and geochemical data sets suggest that the Kunlun Mountains are the main source of the sand fraction, whereas both the Kunlun and Tian Shan Mountains are the main sources of the dust fraction. Our interpretation is supported by the elevation gradient within the Taklamakan Desert and by wind data.
A Novel Approach Using Time‐Depth Distortions to Assess Multicentennial Variability in Deep‐Sea Oxygen Deficiency in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea During Sapropel S5
Authors: Dirksen Jan Pieter , Hennekam Rick , Geerken Esmee , Reichart Gert‐Jan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReconstructing millennial‐ to centennial‐scale climate variability for the Eemian—an interval with estimated sea surface temperatures ~0.5 °C warmer than “preindustrial”—requires records with high temporal resolution. Sapropel S5 sediments, deposited under anoxic conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, offer the rare opportunity to assess multicentennial climate variability during this time. Here we present high‐resolution S5 piston core data from the Nile delta region. Specifically, we focus on Ba/Ti, Br/Ti, and Mo/Ti, as they are proxies for paleo‐productivity, marine organic carbon, and sediment anoxia, respectively. A high correlation between our Ba/Ti values in core 64PE‐406‐E1 and well‐dated Ba records of nearby cores (LC21 and ODP967) was found. We, therefore, tuned our data to these cores obtaining an initial age model. A time‐frequency analyses indicated significant frequency content in the multicentennial band, although the frequency components drifted over time. Assuming spectral simplicity, we corrected for sedimentation rate changes on a multicentennial time scale. This novel approach grants a higher‐resolution age model. The resulting variability in sedimentation rate is similar to records of monsoon variability, indicating a possible link between sedimentation at the core location and low‐latitude monsoon variability, linked via the River Nile. Moreover, the periodicities found in the sapropel time series are similar to the frequency content of total solar irradiance and sunspot records known for the Holocene, at least at high frequencies (~50–150 years). Hence, our data suggest cyclic intrasapropel variability, at least during the deposition of sapropel S5, may be linked to solar cycles.