bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Step Access to Sequence‐Controlled Block Copolymers by Self‐Switchable Organocatalytic Multicomponent Polymerization
Authors: Ji He‐Yuan , Wang Bin , Pan Li , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA one‐step procedure for the self‐switchable block copolymerization of monomer mixtures of epoxides, cyclic anhydrides, and lactide (LA) was developed by using simple organocatalysts without an external stimulus. This multicomponent polymerization bridges two catalytic cycles involving ring‐opening alternating copolymerization of epoxides with anhydrides and ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of LA, in which the presence/absence of anhydrides in mixed feedstocks switched the ROP of LA off/on. The self‐switchable terpolymerization showed distinct noncoordinating and living nature, as well as perfect chemoselectivity. Different combinations of epoxides, anhydrides, and initiators enabled the generation of a variety of new block polyester polyols.
Wasserstoffbrücken‐Netzwerke: molekulare Erkennung zyklischer Alkohole in enantiomerenreinen alleno‐acetylenischen Käfigrezeptoren
Authors: Gropp Cornelius , Husch Tamara , Trapp Nils , Reiher Markus , Diederich François 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEnantiomerenreine (P)4‐ und (M)4‐alleno‐acetylenische Käfigrezeptoren (AAKs) bilden in ihrer geschlossenen Käfigkonformation zirkulare vierfache H‐Brückennetzwerke. Theoretische Studien zeigen eine bevorzugte Orientierung im Uhrzeigersinn (uz) der H‐bindenden Anordnung für (P)4‐konfigurierte und im Gegenuhrzeigersinn (guz) für (M)4‐konfigurierte Rezeptoren (ΔEuz−guz=−2.6 bis −3.1 kcal mol−1). Lösungsmittelstudien und Röntgenstrukturanalysen zeigen, wie das H‐Brückennetzwerk des Rezeptors bei der Komplexierung alkoholhaltiger Gäste erweitert wird. Topologien, die an isolierte Wassercluster erinnern, werden beobachtet: “zirkular‐vierfach & Docken”, pentagonal, linear‐fünffach und hexagonal‐bootförmig. Die Erweiterung des H‐Brückennetzwerks, zusammen mit optimaler Raumausfüllung und Dispersionswechselwirkungen, führt zu sehr hohen Ligandenaffinitäten (ΔG293 K=−9.0 kcal mol−1 für endo‐Tropin). Das H‐Brückennetzwerk in den Komplexen trägt ebenfalls wesentlich zur enantioselektiven Komplexierung chiraler Diole wie (R,R)‐ und (S,S)‐trans‐Cyclohexan‐1,2‐diol bei.
The Combination of Benzaldehyde and Nickel‐Catalyzed Photoredox C(sp3)−H Alkylation/Arylation
Authors: Zhang Lumin , Si Xiaojia , Yang Yangyang , Zimmer Marc , Witzel Sina , Sekine Kohei , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHerein we report a highly selective photoredox C(sp3)−H alkylation/arylation of ethers through the combination of a photo‐organocatalyst (benzaldehyde) and a transition‐metal catalyst (nickel). This method provides a simple and general strategy for the C(sp3)−H alkylation/arylation of ethers. A selective late‐stage modification of (−)‐ambroxide has also been conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the method.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds by Photochemical Organocatalytic Acyl Radical Addition to Enals
Authors: Goti Giulio , Bieszczad Bartosz , Vega‐Peñaloza Alberto , Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe report a visible‐light‐mediated organocatalytic strategy for the enantioselective acyl radical conjugate addition to enals, leading to valuable 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds. The process capitalizes upon the excited‐state reactivity of 4‐acyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines that, upon visible‐light absorption, can trigger the generation of acyl radicals. By means of a chiral amine catalyst, iminium ion activation of enals ensures a stereoselective radical trap. We also demonstrate how the combination of this acylation process with a second catalyst‐controlled bond‐forming event allows to selectively access the full matrix of all possible stereoisomers of the resulting 2,3‐substituted 1,4‐dicarbonyl products.
RETRACTED: PIM3 Functions as Oncogenic Factor and Promotes the Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Qi Quan , Pan Yuefen , Han Shuwen , Liao Haihong , Jiang Yizhen , Shen Junjun , Zhong Liping , Wang Xian , Chen Jie 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common human malignancies. Discovery and identification of novel therapeutic target is imperative to improve the prognosis of CRC patients. As a member of the PIM family, PIM3 has been found to be overexpressed in a variety of cancerous tumors. In this study, we evaluated the expression of PIM3 in CRC tissues and analyzed the role of PIM3 in CRC. Our results showed that PIM3 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. The PIM3 expression level was found to be correlated with advanced disease stage and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, PIM3 was found to be able to predict poor prognosis in CRC patients as an independent factor. In vitro studies also showed that knockdown of PIM3 exhibited inhibitory effect on cell growth, promoted cell apoptosis and dampened invasive capability of HCT116 and SW620 cells. Moreover, PIM3 knockdown was able to delay tumor growth and suppress lung metastasis in xenograft model. Our results indicated that PIM3 is a potential therapeutic target for CRC. Anat Rec, 302:1552–1560, 2019. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy
Morphological Alterations and Increased Gelatinase Activity in the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon of Chickens During Growth and Maturation
Authors: Fêo Haline Ballestero , Biancalana Adriano , Romero Nakagaki Wilson , Aparecida de Aro Andrea , Gomes Laurecir 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) connects the superficial digital flexor muscle to the digits and its main function is to participate in digit flexion. The SDFT presents different regions along its length, which adapt to different biomechanical forces. During growth and maturation, the tendon may present changes in the regions subjected to compression and tension, with variations in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), in the arrangement of collagen fibers and cellularity. With the purpose of analyzing the morphological and biochemical alterations of ECM of tendons during the growth and maturation, Gallus domesticus were euthanized at 1, 5, and 8 months of age and their SDFT were divided into regions of tension/compression (Sp) and tension (Sd). From 1 month of age, the Sp region already presented fibrocartilage characteristics with cells similar to chondrocytes. At 5 and 8 months, the Sd region displayed formation of a new structure similar to bone matrix, and intense metachromasia. The animals of 5 and 8 months presented an increase in MMP‐2 and ‐9 activities and a lower number of cells when compared with the animals of 1 month, in both regions. In conclusion, structural and biochemical alterations occur during the maturation process of the SDFT, involving a decrease in the number of cells and changes in the degradation and composition of the ECM. Anat Rec, 302:964–972, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three vital RNA functions and interactions in the process of silk gland apoptosis in silkworm Bombyx mori
Authors: Chen Rui‐Ting , Xiao Ying , Liu Zhen , Li Lei‐Lei , Lu Yan , Jiao Peng , Miao Yun‐Gen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Silkworm Bombyx mori is an important insect in terms of economics and a model organism with a complete metamorphosis. The economic importance of silkworms is dependent on the functions of the silkgland, a specialized organ that synthesizes silk proteins. The silk gland undergoes massive degeneration during the larval to pupal stage, which involves in cell apoptosis. In this paper, high throughput sequencing was used to detect the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA) from silk glands of Day 3 in the fifth instar larvae (L5D3) and the spinning 36h (sp36h). We analyzed the Gene Ontology (GO) functions of target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs and miRNAs. We investigated the regulations of mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA on silk gland apoptosis in L5D3 and sp36h. In total, 10,947 lncRNAs were detected in the silk gland and the index number TCONS‐00021360 lncRNA may be involved in the process of apoptosis. In addition, 344 miRNAs targeted 285 mRNAs were related to the death process under GO entry. The results indicated that miRNAs play an important role in the molecular regulation of the silk gland apoptosis compared with that of lncRNAs. Finally, we screened 746 lncRNAs and 20 miRNAs that might interact with
BmDredd, and drew an interaction network among them.
Supramolecular Chiral Helical Ribbons of Tetraphenylethylene‐Appended Naphthalenediimide Controlled by Solvent and Induced by l‐ and d‐Alanine Spacers
Authors: Goskulwad Santosh P. , Kobaisi Mohammad Al , La Duong Duc , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Ratanlal Malavath , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNaphthalenediimide‐tetraphenylethylene conjugates with an alanine spacer (coded as: NDI‐(Ala‐TPE)2) were synthesized to study the influence of the chirality of the amino acid spacer on its self‐assemblies. Here we particularly show that NDI‐Ala‐TPE bearing l‐alanine gives left‐handed (M‐type) helical superstructure, while d‐alanine produces right‐handed (P‐type) helical ribbons in THF:H2O at 40:60 % v/v ratio. However, particular aggregates were observed at 20:80 % v/v ratio. Circular dichroism was used to characterise the induction of chirality and the handedness of the helical superstructures, and the microstructure of the self‐assembled materials was visualised using scanning electron microscopy while DLS analysis confirmed the formation of particular aggregates in solution.
Molecular Design, Circularly Polarized Luminescence, and Helical Self‐Assembly of Chiral Aggregation‐Induced Emission Molecules
Authors: Li Hongkun , Li Bing Shi , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) are a new class of luminophors, which are non‐emissive in solution, but emit intensively upon aggregation. By properly designing the chemical structures of the AIEgens, their aggregation process can be tuned towards a desired direction to give diverse novel luminescent architectures of micelles, rods, and helical fibers. AIEgens represent a kind of promising building block for the fabrication of luminescent micro/nanostructures with controllable morphologies. In this review, we describe our recent work in this research area, focusing on the molecular design, circularly polarized luminescence properties, and helical self‐assembly behavior of AIEgens.
Comparative screening of recombinant antigen thermostability for improved leptospirosis vaccine design
Authors: Ptak Christopher P. , Akif Mohd. , Hsieh Ching‐Lin , Devarajan Alex , He Ping , Xu Yinghua , Oswald Robert E. , Chang Yung‐Fu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecombinant antigens exhibit targeted protectiveproperties and offer important opportunities in the development of therapeutic technologies. Biophysical and structural methods have become important tools for the rational design and engineering of improved antigen‐based vaccines. Vaccines containing Leptospira immunoglobulin‐like (Lig) protein‐derived antigens are currently the most promising candidates for protective immunity against the globally prevalent bacterial pathogen,
Leptospira interrogans; however, vaccine trials using these domains have produced inconsistent results. Here, we compare the thermostability of domains from the main immunogenic regions from major leptospiral antigens, LigA and LigB. By measuring temperature‐dependent fluorescence decay of the hydrophobic core tryptophan, 17 individual Lig protein immunoglobulin‐like (Ig‐like) domains were shown to display a broad range of unfolding temperatures. For a majority of the domains, stability issues begin to occur at physiologically relevant temperatures. A set of chimeric Ig‐like domains was used to establish the ability of transplanted domain regions to enhance thermostability. Further insights into the determinants for domain stabilization were explored with nuclear magnetic resonance dynamics and mutational analysis. The current study has yielded a set of thermostable Ig‐like domain scaffolds for use in engineering antigen‐based vaccines and demonstrates the importance of incorporating thermostability screening as a design parameter.
Contact theory in the workplace: The case of Jewish–Arab contact in Israel
Authors: Klein Galit , Shtudiner Zeev , Kantor Jeffrey , Mollov Ben , Lavie Chaim 
Published: November 2018

AbstractContact theory is a fundamental theory in social psychology, suggesting that contact between antagonistic groups can reduce prejudice and stereotypes. The current study applies former studies in evaluating a specific case of the connection between contact and attitudes toward minorities in work contexts. A survey was conducted using 873 Israeli Jews in order to assess their attitudes toward the Arab population in Israel and Arabs' work characteristics. The results indicated that the connection between intergroup contact and attitudes is complex. On the one hand, workplace contact between Israeli Jews and Arabs was significantly correlated with the willingness to meet Arabs in and outside the workplace and to perceive Arabs in a less threatening way. However, contact during work was not significantly correlated with the participants' general attitude toward the Arab population. In addition, contact during work was not found to be significantly correlated with the participants' perceptions about Arabs' personality traits or work characteristics. The results of this study also suggest that attitudes toward Arabs' work characteristics have a strong connection to other dimensions of attitudes toward Arabs, even more than the impact of contact during work.
Occurrence of Melibiose‐Containing Glycosphingolipids in a Sample of a Sponge‐Coral Association (Desmapsamma anchorata/Carijoa riisei)
Authors: Santalova Elena A. , Denisenko Vladimir A. , Dmitrenok Pavel S. , Ha Dinh T. , Hung Nguyen A. , Drozdov Anatoly L. , Malyarenko Olesya S. , Thuy Tran T. T. , Quan Pham M. , Long Pham Q. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn our research on biologically active compounds from Vietnamese marine invertebrates, rare melibiose‐containing glycosphingolipids were found in a sample of a sponge‐coral association (Desmapsamma anchorata/Carijoa riisei). Melibiosylceramides were analyzed as constituents of some multi‐component RP‐HPLC fractions, and the structures of 14 new (1b, 3b, 4a–4c, 6a–6c, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10b, 11a, 11b) and five known (2b, 5a–5c, 7b) natural compounds were elucidated using NMR, mass spectrometry, optical rotation, and chemical transformations. These α‐d‐Galp‐(1→6)‐β‐d‐Glcp‐(1
1)‐ceramides (presumably sponge‐derived compounds) were shown to contain phytosphingosine‐type n‐t17:0 (1), (6E)‐n‐t17:1 (2), i‐t17:0 (3), n‐t18:0 (4), (6E)‐n‐t18:1 (5), i‐t18:0 (6), (6E)‐i‐t18:1 (7), i‐t19:0 (8), (6E)‐i‐t19:1 (9), ai‐t19:0 (10), and (6E)‐ai‐t19:1 (11) backbones N‐acylated with saturated straight‐chain (2R)‐2‐hydroxy C21 (a), C22 (b), and C23 (c) acids. Characteristic trends in the fragmentations of the terminal parts of tetraacetylated normal‐chain and iso‐ and anteiso‐branched sphingoid bases were observed using GC/MS. The total sum of melibiosylceramides and compound 5b caused a reduction in colony formation of human melanoma cells.
The Nature and Catalytic Function of Cation Sites in Zeolites: a Computational Perspective
Authors: Li Guanna , Pidko Evgeny A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractZeolites have a broad spectrum of applications as robust microporous catalysts for various chemical transformations. The reactivity of zeolite catalysts can be tailored by introducing heteroatoms either into the framework or at the extraframework positions that gives rise to the formation of versatile Brønsted acid, Lewis acid and redox‐active catalytic sites. Understanding the nature and catalytic role of such sites is crucial for guiding the design of new and improved zeolite‐based catalysts. This work presents an overview of recent computational studies devoted to unravelling the molecular level details of catalytic transformations inside the zeolite pores. The role of modern computational chemistry in addressing the structural problem in zeolite catalysis, understanding reaction mechanisms and establishing structure‐activity relations is discussed. Special attention is devoted to such mechanistic phenomena as active site cooperativity, multifunctional catalysis as well as confinement‐induced and multisite reactivity commonly encountered in zeolite catalysis.
UV‐Assisted High‐Efficient Synthesis of α‐Ketoamides Using Air Promoted by a Non‐Metal Catalyst in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Li Jianhui , He Shaopo , Zhang Kuan , Quan Ziyi , Shan Qiheng , Sun Zhongliang , Wang Bo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork for issue 21/2018 is provided by the group of Prof. Bo Wang at the Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, and State Key Lab of Marine Resource Utilizations in South China Sea, both from Hainan University (China). The image shows the formation of O3 under UV light, represented as a ray of sunlight. In water, O3 transforms into O2⋅‐, which acts as oxidant for the efficient and clean synthesis of α‐ketoamides at room temperature. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201801365.
Selective Synthesis in Microdroplets of 2‐Phenyl‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐dione from Phenyl Hydrazine with Phthalic Anhydride or Phthalic Acid
Authors: Gao Dan , Jin Feng , Yan Xin , Zare Richard N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPyridazine derivatives are privileged structures because of their potential biological and optical properties. Traditional synthetic methods usually require acid or base as a catalyst under reflux conditions with reaction times ranging from hours to a few days or require microwave assistance to induce the reaction. Herein, this work presents the accelerated synthesis of a pyridazine derivative, 2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐dione (PDHP), in electrosprayed microdroplets containing an equimolar mixture of phenyl hydrazine and phthalic anhydride or phthalic acid. This reaction occurred on the submillisecond timescale with good yield (over 90 % with the choice of solvent) without using an external catalyst at room temperature. In sharp contrast to the bulk reaction of obtaining a mixture of two products, the reaction in confined microdroplets yields only the important six‐membered heterocyclic product PDHP. Results indicated that surface reactions in microdroplets with low pH values cause selectivity, acceleration, and high yields.
High‐Temperature Technology – Developments at the ACHEMA 2018
Authors: Hüsing Fabian , Kolb Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDer Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Entwicklungen im Bereich der Hochtemperaturtechnik bei der ACHEMA 2018. Mit dem Ziel der Abkehr von fossilen Rohstoffen werden fünf Forschungsprojekte mit dem Fokus, Strom und Kohlenstoffdioxid als neue Ausgangsstoffe für eine flexible und dezentrale Produktion nutzbar zu machen sowie Ansätze zur effizienteren Wärmeintegration präsentiert.
Recent Advances in the Design and Development of Non‐nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Scaffolds
Authors: Shirvani Pouria , Fassihi Afshin , Saghaie Lotfollah 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNon‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have always been an important part of the anti‐HIV‐1 combination therapy known as combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) since 1996. The use of NNRTIs for about 22 years has led to some mutations in the residues that compose the reverse transcriptase active site, resulting in the emergence of drug‐resistant viruses. Thus, the search for new potent NNRTIs with an improved safety profile and activity against drug‐resistant HIV strains is indispensable, and many hit and lead NNRTIs have been discovered in the last decade. This review provides an overview of the development in this field from 2013 to August 2018.
Heterogeneity of treatment dropout: PTSD, depression, and alcohol use disorder reductions in PTSD and AUD/SUD treatment noncompleters
Authors: Szafranski Derek D. , Gros Daniel F. , Acierno Ron , Brady Kathleen T. , Killeen Therese K. , Back Sudie E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTreatment dropout is often assumed to be due to worsening or lack of symptom improvement, despite minimal research examining symptom change among treatment dropouts. Thus, the present study examined symptom change in veterans who discontinued evidence‐based treatment for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Participants were veterans who completed at least one session of a 12‐session Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders using Prolonged Exposure (COPE) for comorbid PTSD/AUD. The study analyses investigated the 43% of the sample (n = 22) that did not complete the full 12‐session protocol and were therefore considered treatment dropouts. Symptom changes in PTSD, AUD, and depression were examined among dropouts using two methods: (a) clinically significant change criteria and (b) good end‐state criteria. Results indicated that a significant proportion of treatment dropouts displayed clinically significant improvement and/or met good end‐state criteria for PTSD (40–59%), AUD (66%), and depression (45–68%) prior to dropping out. The results revealed that participants who displayed symptom improvement attended more treatment sessions and completed more imaginal exposures than participants who did not experience significant improvement. Together, the findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that a large proportion of treatment dropouts may actually improve. Although preliminary, the findings challenge the notion that treatment dropout is always associated with negative outcomes.
A critical appraisal of the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytology (MSRSGC) with histological correlation over a 3‐year period: Indian scenario
Authors: Pujani Mukta , Chauhan Varsha , Agarwal Charu , Raychaudhuri Sujata , Singh Kanika 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the first line investigation for pre‐operative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions, but due to its inherent limitations remains a challenge for the cytopathologists. The recently proposed international risk stratification scheme, the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytology (MSRSGC) aims to promote and standardise the communication between cytopathologist and clinician thereby improving patient care.MethodsA retrospective study of all salivary gland cytology cases was performed over a 3‐year period, reviewed by pathologists and categorised into 1 of the 6 diagnostic categories according to MSRSGC, namely, non‐diagnostic, non‐neoplastic, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), benign neoplasm, and salivary gland neoplasm of undetermined significance (SUMP), suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and malignant neoplasm. Cyto‐ histological correlation was done wherever possible. Risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated for each diagnostic category.ResultsOut of a total of 150 salivary FNAC cases, histopathology was available for 64 cases. The sensitivity of FNAC was 81.8%, specificity was 100% while the diagnostic accuracy was 96.9%. The positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 96.4% respectively. The ROM for non‐diagnostic, non‐neoplastic, AUS, benign neoplasm, SUMP, SFM, and malignant categories were 0%, 10%, 50%, 2.5%, 50%, 100%, and 100% respectively.ConclusionMSRSGC fulfils the critical need for a uniform, internationally acceptable reporting system with ROM specified for each category. However, large scale multi centre studies need to be conducted before its reliability and validity is proven.