bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human pantothenate kinase 4 is a pseudo‐pantothenate kinase
Authors: Yao Jiangwei , Subramanian Chitra , Rock Charles O. , Jackowski Suzanne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPantothenate kinase generates 4′‐phosphopantothenate in the first and rate‐determining step of coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. The human genome encodes three well‐characterized and nearly identical pantothenate kinases (PANK1‐3) plus a putative bifunctional protein (PANK4) with a predicted amino‐terminal pantothenate kinase domain fused to a carboxy‐terminal phosphatase domain. Structural and phylogenetic analyses show that all active, characterized PANKs contain the key catalytic residues Glu138 and Arg207 (HsPANK3 numbering). However, all amniote PANK4s, including human PANK4, encode Glu138Val and Arg207Trp substitutions which are predicted to inactivate kinase activity. Biochemical analysis corroborates bioinformatic predictions—human PANK4 lacks pantothenate kinase activity. Introducing Glu138Val and Arg207Trp substitutions to the human PANK3 and plant PANK4 abolished their robust pantothenate kinase activity. Introducing both catalytic residues back into human PANK4 restored kinase activity, but only to a low level. This result suggests that epistatic changes to the rest of the protein already reduced the kinase activity prior to mutation of the catalytic residues in the course of evolution. The PANK4 from frog, an anamniote living relative encoding the catalytically active residues, had only a low level of kinase activity, supporting the view that HsPANK4 had reduced kinase activity prior to the catalytic residue substitutions in amniotes. Together, our data show that human PANK4 is a pseudo‐pantothenate kinase—a catalytically deficient variant of the catalytically active PANK4 found in plants and fungi. The Glu138Val and Arg207Trp substitutions in amniotes (HsPANK3 numbering) completely deactivated the pantothenate kinase activity that had already been reduced by prior epistatic mutations.
Evaluating insecticide coverage and determining its effect on the duration of control for navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in California almonds
Authors: Siegel Joel P , Strmiska Mathew M , Walse Spenser S 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide application is essential to control navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) in California almonds (Prunus dulcis), but coverage is challenging. Laboratory and field trials were conducted from 2014 to 2017 to quantify insecticide deposition and duration of control.RESULTSIn the laboratory for filter paper, photolysis reduced the contact toxicity of bifenthrin, and its half‐life was 6.2 days. For chlorantraniliprole applied in the field, there was 87–94% less insecticide deposited in the almond suture, the most vulnerable part of the nut, than on the hull. For chlorantraniliprole, adjuvant choice (alcohol ethoxylate versus mineral oil) affected both initial insecticide deposition and half‐life. Chlorantraniliprole degradation was greater at 6.1 m than at 3 m for both adjuvants assessed, whereas contact mortality was similar at both heights for the alcohol ethoxylate adjuvant.CONCLUSIONThe combination of photolysis and differential distribution of insecticide on the nut can account for the variable control observed in the field. This was particularly problematic in the upper canopy and adjuvant choice affected deposition and insecticide degradation. Less than 1% of the insecticide in the tank was deposited on the almond suture. These results demonstrating the fraction of the insecticide in the sprayer tank deposited on the nut target, combined with reduced coverage in the upper canopy are also applicable to the control of A. transitella in pistachio (Pistacia vera) and walnut (Juglans regia) orchards. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Benzaldehyde: an alfalfa‐related compound for the spring attraction of the pest weevil Sitona humeralis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Lohonyai Zsófia , Vuts József , Kárpáti Zsolt , Koczor Sándor , Domingue Michael J , Fail József , Birkett Michael A , Tóth Miklós , Imrei Zoltán 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSitona weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are a species complex comprising pests of many leguminous crops worldwide, causing damage to young plants as adults and to rootlets as larvae, resulting in significant yield losses. Timely detection of migrating adult weevils is needed to determine when deployment of control measures becomes necessary. With the aim of developing plant volatile‐based lures for Sitona spp. detection, we investigated the responses of S. humeralis to host plant‐related aromatic compounds.RESULTSIn olfactometer studies, both male and female S. humeralis responded positively to the odour of alfalfa flowers, a source of aromatic volatiles. In single sensillum recordings, basiconic sensilla located on the third and fourth terminal segments of the antennal club of both sexes were found to respond to benzaldehyde at doses of 10−5 and 10−4 g, suggesting that the weevil is able to detect this compound at the peripheral sensory level. In field studies, S. humeralis was attracted to benzaldehyde in the spring, but not in the autumn.CONCLUSIONBenzaldehyde, as described in this study, may be a suitable candidate for the development of monitoring tools for S. humeralis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Valuing fresh waters
Authors: Zenner Christiana 
Published: March 2019

In an era increasingly focused on the question of how to value fresh water, this essay argues that questions of value cannot be parsed apart from the multiple ontologies that undergird those value judgments. Returning to Nelson's observation that water exists “in a metaphysical blindspot,” this essay describes what chastened metaphysics have to do with fresh waters' pluralities and depicts three apertures by which contemporary water discourses delineate fresh waters' values: economic theory and neoliberal market practice, paradigms of liberal governance, and cultural‐religious multiplicities. In the latter, fresh waters' life‐giving properties tend to be accorded central respect in ways that often exceed the ontological understandings and moral possibilities preferred by western liberal discourses in an era that has been decisively shaped by scientific, hydraulic/extractive modernity and rational planning. Parsing the ways that selected cultural‐religious formulations align with or challenge dominant governance paradigms, this essay argues that decolonial ways of proceeding are necessary if value discourse and ethical action are to be substantially oriented toward the inclusive, long‐term flourishing of human and other bodies of waters. The final section summarizes these claims and underscores necessary warnings.This article is categorized under:Human Water > Value of WaterHuman Water > Water as Imagined and RepresentedHuman Water > Methods
A first-in-human study of the novel metabolism-based anti-cancer agent SM-88 in subjects with advanced metastatic cancer
Authors: Stega Jeanetta , Noel Marcus S. , Vandell Alexander G. , Stega Damian , Del Priore Giuseppe , Hoffman Steve 
Published: March 2019

Summary
Purpose SM-88 (D,L-alpha-metyrosine; racemetyrosine) is a novel anti-cancer agent, used with melanin, phenytoin, and sirolimus (SMK Therapy). This pilot first-in-human study characterized the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of SMK Therapy in subjects with advanced metastatic cancer. Methods All subjects (n = 30) received SMK Therapy for an initial 6 week Cycle (5 days on, 2 off per week) and continued if well tolerated. Safety signals, clinical response, overall survival, progression free survival (PFS), and quality of life changes were assessed. Results The most common drug related adverse events were hyperpigmentation and rash. All drug related adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity. Following treatment with SMK Therapy, 4 subjects achieved complete response, 6 partial response, and 17 stable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 (total clinical benefit 90%). Responses were observed within 6 weeks, and continued to improve, with 3 complete and 3 partial responders achieving best response after at least 3.2 months. Durable stable disease was observed, lasting a median duration of 11 months (range 1–31 months). Median overall survival for all subjects was 29.8 months, and median PFS was 13 months. Following 6 weeks of treatment, most (83.3%) subjects showed an improvement in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score and an improvement in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ 30) global health status (baseline 61.2 ± 25.0; end of Cycle 1 80.7 ± 14.7; n = 29; p < 0.001). Conclusions The results of this study support continued development of SM-88.
Bacteria-Derived Recombinant Human ANGPTL8/Betatrophin Significantly Increases the Level of Triglyceride
Authors: Xu Fangfang , Chen Yuqing , Wang Nan , Sun Kai 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
ANGPTL8/Betatrophin has been implicated in the regulation of both glucose and triglyceride metabolism. However, its role in regulating glucose metabolism by promoting β cell proliferation remains controversial, and its physiological functions and molecular targets are largely unknown. Hence, it is of great importance to make recombinant protein and test its effects on β cell mass directly. In this study, the mature form gene of human ANGPTL8/betatrophin was obtained through chemical synthesis on to the vector pUCE, and the fusion protein was expressed in the Transetta (DE3)/pEASY-E2-betatrophin strain. The inclusion bodies were solubilized in urea and purified by Ni–NTA affinity chromatography. The yield of purified ANGPTL8/betatrophin was approximately 20 mg per liter of culture medium. In vitro studies revealed that the recombinant ANGPTL8/betatrophin had no proliferation effect on MIN6 cells but promoted TG levels in HepG2 cells. This method to generate bioactive ANGPTL8/betatrophin is a simple, practical and user-friendly protocol.
Full exploitation of high dimensionality in brain imaging: The JPND working group statement and findings
Authors: Adams Hieab H.H. , Roshchupkin Gennady V. , DeCarli Charles , Franke Barbara , Grabe Hans J. , Habes Mohamad , Jahanshad Neda , Medland Sarah E. , Niessen Wiro , Satizabal Claudia L. , Schmidt Reinhold , Seshadri Sudha , Teumer Alexander , Thompson Paul M. , Vernooij Meike W. , Wittfeld Katharina , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAdvances in technology enable increasing amounts of data collection from individuals for biomedical research. Such technologies, for example, in genetics and medical imaging, have also led to important scientific discoveries about health and disease. The combination of multiple types of high‐throughput data for complex analyses, however, has been limited by analytical and logistic resources to handle high‐dimensional data sets. In our previous EU Joint Programme–Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) Working Group, called HD‐READY, we developed methods that allowed successful combination of omics data with neuroimaging. Still, several issues remained to fully leverage high‐dimensional multimodality data. For instance, high‐dimensional features, such as voxels and vertices, which are common in neuroimaging, remain difficult to harmonize. In this Full‐HD Working Group, we focused on such harmonization of high‐dimensional neuroimaging phenotypes in combination with other omics data and how to make the resulting ultra‐high‐dimensional data easily accessible in neurodegeneration research.
Examining the Subtropical Mode Water in the Southwestern Atlantic From in Situ Observations
Authors: Ferreira M. B. , Sato O. T. , Polito P. S. , Bernardo P. S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe investigated the formation and evolution of the South Atlantic subtropical mode water using data from profiling conductivity, temperature, and depth sensors (CTD) deployed in April–May 2015 and from two customized Argo floats that drifted from April 2015 to June 2017. From the CTD data, we observed a mode water layer below the seasonal thermocline that deepened from the southern side of the area to the north. The two Argo floats remained in the proximity of the cruise area for 2 years. Their slow displacement and recirculating patterns allowed us to observe the changes in the temperature and salinity structure before and after the formation period. We observed that the potential vorticity of newly formed mode water was O[10−1 to 10−2] of the mean value found in the whole mode water layer. There is a significant correspondence between the phases of the time integral of surface heat fluxes and the sea surface temperature. Mode water is observed to form at the integrated heat flux minimum phase. The relationship between the air‐sea fluxes and sea surface temperature promotes the necessary preconditioning for the mode water formation. Once this was established, the outcropping of the mode water, that was at about 100 m depth, coincided with the passage of an atmospheric cold frontal system. This event suggests that the mode water formation can be triggered by the passage of cold fronts.
The Characteristics of Tropical and Midlatitude Mesoscale Convective Systems as Revealed by Radar Wind Profilers
Authors: Wang Die , Giangrande Scott E. , Schiro Kathleen A. , Jensen Michael P. , Houze Robert A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study contrasts characteristics of mature squall‐line mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) observed by extended ground‐based radar wind profiler (RWP) deployments from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program. This analysis compares the dynamical structure, precipitation, and cold pool properties associated with MCS events over RWP sites in Oklahoma, USA, (midlatitude) to those observed during a 2‐year RWP deployment to Manaus, Brazil, during GoAmazon2014/5 campaign (tropical). The MCSs indicate similar convective line rainfall rates and total rainfall accumulations. However, midlatitude events suggest a larger fractional stratiform contribution to total precipitation. For both regions, convective line cold pools are associated with sharp decreases (approximately 10 K) in the surface equivalent potential temperature (θe) near the time of line passage. Surface θe properties for both regions suggest a modest relationship between rainfall rate and the probability of observing measurable surface rainfall. The probability of observing convective updrafts in both tropical and midlatitude MCS events is found to be similar as a function of low‐level radar reflectivity. However, midlatitude MCSs are associated with more intense convective updrafts, with upward air motions (mean, maximum) peaking at higher altitude. The most pronounced contrast is the propensity for deeper and more intense downdrafts in midlatitude MCSs. An analysis based on observed downdraft properties is performed using simple mixing assumptions. For these events, the vertical gradient of θe in the lower troposphere is relatively consistent between the Amazon and Oklahoma, suggesting similar mixing rates for downdrafts originating below 3 km (0.1 km−1). However, if downdrafts originate nearer to the level of minimum θe at SGP, mixing may be occurring at rates comparable to 0.3 km−1.
Metamaterial‐inspired dual‐band frequency‐reconfigurable antenna with pattern diversity
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Yan Sen , Vandenbosch Guy A.E. 
Published: March 2019

Multi‐functional antennas are very important in modern wireless communication systems. A novel dual‐band frequency‐reconfigurable antenna with pattern diversity is designed. The antenna consists of a composite right/left‐handed transmission line inspired structure, which works at the zeroth‐order mode (0) around 2.5 GHz and at the first‐order mode (1) around 3.5 GHz. The 0 mode results in an omni‐directional pattern and the 1 mode results in a broadside pattern. By adding varactors to continuously reconfigure the structure, the antenna is able to tune its lower resonant frequency from 2.36 to 2.60 GHz, which fully covers the 2.4–2.5 GHz ISM band, and tune its higher resonant frequency from 3.34 to 3.73 GHz, which fully covers the 3.4–3.7 GHz WiMAX band. Simulations and experiments match well, proving the validity of this new concept.
ZnSe:Mn/ZnS quantum dots for the detection of microcystin by room temperature phosphorescence immunoassay
Authors: You Jiaqi , Ma Long , He Yu , Ge Yili , Song Gongwu , Zhou Jiangang 
Published: March 2019

This work has assembled ZnSe:Mn/ZnS quantum dots (QDs)‐monoclonal anti‐microcystin‐Leucine Arginine (anti‐MC‐LR) antibody bioconjugates as a room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) probe using 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethyllaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N‐Hydroxysuccinimide chemistry for detecting MC‐LR. Once the specific interactions occurred between these MCs and their antibodies on the surface of ZnSe:Mn/ZnS QDs, the RTP of ZnSe:Mn/ZnS QDs was quenched with the increased concentration of MC‐LR. Under the optimised conditions, the linear range of MC‐LR was determined to be 0.9–8.8 nM. The linear relationship between (P0–P)/P0 and concentration of MC‐LR were observed with the regression equation (P0–P)/P0 = 0.03908C + 0.0456 with the detection limit of 0.038 nM. The developed RTP immunoassay favoured environmental applications since the interference from autofluorescence and scattering light was greatly eliminated.
Loss of postnatal quiescence of neural stem cells through mTOR activation upon genetic removal of cysteine string protein-α
Authors: Nieto-González Jose L. , Gómez-Sánchez Leonardo , Mavillard Fabiola , Linares-Clemente Pedro , Rivero María C. , Valenzuela-Villatoro Marina , Muñoz-Bravo José L. , Pardal Ricardo , Fernández-Chacón Rafael 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Neural stem cells generate newborn neurons in the postnatal brain by a process known as neurogenesis. Cysteine string protein-α (CSP-α) maintains healthy nerve terminals and, when mutated in humans, causes a serious disease known as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis related to lysosomal pathologies. We have now found that neural stem cells without CSP-α hyperproliferate, leading to depletion of the neural stem cell pool in the mouse hippocampus. Biochemically, the hyperproliferation occurs through the hyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrate the disruption of postnatal neurogenesis in the absence of CSP-α and unveil an intriguing signaling interaction between CSP-α and mTOR that may underlie molecular mechanisms of brain dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
Photothermal-responsive nanosized hybrid polymersome as versatile therapeutics codelivery nanovehicle for effective tumor suppression
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Cui Wenguo , Qu Xiangmeng , Wu Huayin , Qu Liangliang , Zhang Xu , Mäkilä Ermei , Salonen Jarno , Zhu Yueqi , Yang Zhou , Chen Dong , Santos Hélder A. , Hai Mingtan , Weitz David A. 
Published: March 2019

Significance
The use of increasingly sophisticated drugs to treat diseases like cancer often requires increasingly sophisticated delivery technologies, where multiple drugs often must be delivered simultaneously and in precise amounts; moreover, many drugs are hydrophobic and cannot be easily delivered. We report a simple and robust process to fabricate nanometer-sized polymersomes that can simultaneously deliver multiple therapeutics, both hydrophobic and hydrophilic, and have significantly improved drug-loading efficiencies over existing methods. We use these polymersomes to deliver a combination of hydrophobic anticancer drugs in a mouse model and see remarkable effectiveness against breast tumors. This work enables the use of previously undeliverable compounds in cancer therapy and forms a foundation for further development in a broad range of biomedical applications.
Spontaneous driving forces give rise to protein−RNA condensates with coexisting phases and complex material properties
Authors: Boeynaems Steven , Holehouse Alex S. , Weinhardt Venera , Kovacs Denes , Van Lindt Joris , Larabell Carolyn , Van Den Bosch Ludo , Das Rhiju , Tompa Peter S. , Pappu Rohit V. , Gitler Aaron D. 
Published: March 2019

SignificanceBiomolecular condensates comprise multiple protein and RNA molecules that are typically organized into complex, multilayered structures. Although recent studies have shown that multilayered condensates can arise spontaneously, the interactions that drive the spontaneous transitions remain unclear. Further, can molecules within the same layer have different dynamical properties or do such complex features require inputs of energy? Here, we report results from in vitro studies, which show that coexisting liquid- and solid-like material properties and multilayered architectures can result from spontaneous, sequence-encoded driving forces. Our studies, which are directed at the simplest biologically relevant protein and RNA sequences, suggest that spontaneous processes make key contributions to the formation of condensates with complex morphologies and diverse material properties.
Study on the protection and renewal of residential houses rooted in traditional geo-industry Take Shangyangxi Village, Dali, Yunnan, China as an example
Authors: Zhang Chen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The author conducted a three-week survey of the industrial structure, residence and minority culture of Shangyangxi Village in Dali, Yunnan. Focusing on the research and protection of a “Bai” traditional building with a century-old “three wing houses and a screen wall” style, a certain degree of commercial and residential renovation of the building was taken so as to meet the actual needs of households. As for this design, the author relied on the location of the village, the architectural characteristics and the subjective requirements of the household to complete the repair of the house and to update the function on the technical and design perspectives. This design not only provides an example for the renovation of other Bai traditional buildings, but also provides a different approach to village-renovation in the future rural planning and heritage protection. Bai dwellings should be protected according to the different characteristics of the village and adapted to the local conditions, giving the traditional buildings a new function and life.