bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pseudo knockoff filter for correlated features
Authors: Chen Jiajie , Hou Anthony , Hou Thomas Y 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn Barber & Candès (2015, Ann. Statist., 43, 2055–2085), the authors introduced a new variable selection procedure called the knockoff filter to control the false discovery rate (FDR) and proved that this method achieves exact FDR control. Inspired by the work by Barber & Candès (2015, Ann. Statist., 43, 2055–2085), we propose a pseudo knockoff filter that inherits some advantages of the original knockoff filter and has more flexibility in constructing its knockoff matrix. Moreover, we perform a number of numerical experiments that seem to suggest that the pseudo knockoff filter with the half Lasso statistic has FDR control and offers more power than the original knockoff filter with the Lasso Path or the half Lasso statistic for the numerical examples that we consider in this paper. Although we cannot establish rigourous FDR control for the pseudo knockoff filter, we provide some partial analysis of the pseudo knockoff filter with the half Lasso statistic and establish a uniform false discovery proportion bound and an expectation inequality.
Principal Submatrices, Restricted Invertibility, and a Quantitative Gauss–Lucas Theorem
Authors: Ravichandran Mohan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe apply the techniques developed by Marcus, Spielman, and Srivastava, working with principal submatrices in place of rank-$1$ decompositions to give an alternate proof of their results on restricted invertibility. This approach recovers results of theirs’ concerning the existence of well-conditioned column submatrices all the way up to the so-called modified stable rank. All constructions are algorithmic. The main novelty of this approach is that it leads to a new quantitative version of the classical Gauss–Lucas theorem on the critical points of complex polynomials. We show that for any degree $n$ polynomial $p$ and any $c \geq 1/2$, the area of the convex hull of the roots of $p^{(\lfloor cn \rfloor )}$ is at most $4(c-c^2)$ that of the area of the convex hull of the roots of $p$.
Rigidity of Nonnegatively Curved Surfaces Relative to a Curve
Authors: Ghomi Mohammad , Spruck Joel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe prove that any properly oriented $\mathcal{C}^{2,1}$ isometric immersion of a positively curved Riemannian surface $M$ into Euclidean 3-space is uniquely determined, up to a rigid motion, by its values on any curve segment in $M$. A generalization of this result to nonnegatively curved surfaces is presented as well under suitable conditions on their parabolic points. Thus, we obtain a local version of Cohn-Vossen’s rigidity theorem for convex surfaces subject to a Dirichlet condition. The proof employs in part Hormander’s unique continuation principle for elliptic partial differential equations. Our approach also yields a short proof of Cohn-Vossen’s theorem.
Selective Exposure Theories
Authors: Stroud Natalie Jomini 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the theory of selective exposure, the idea that people purposefully select messages matching their beliefs. After reviewing several psychological explanations for why the phenomenon occurs, the chapter turns to describing various forms of selective exposure. Selective exposure can be studied in terms of whether people select news or entertainment, the issues about which people seek information, which medium is selected in obtaining information, and the extent to which like-minded information is preferred. Numerous moderators of the links between citizens’ beliefs and their information selection are presented. Next, the chapter details four different methodological techniques that have been used to study selective exposure. Finally, the chapter outlines a host of unanswered questions about selective exposure for future researchers to tackle.
Candidate Traits and Political Choice
Authors: Hardy Bruce W. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
What role do presidential candidate character traits play in vote decisions? To some, the answer is obvious as campaigns, journalists, pundits, and voters frequently differentiate presidential candidates in terms of their personal qualities—traits are deemed important. On the other hand, past research suggests that, while candidate character traits are short term forces, they hold relatively limited in influence on vote preference. However, theoretical and methodological limitations may have hindered past research ability to detect the true influence of character traits in voter decisions. This author reviews past literature, offers a clear conceptualization of candidate character traits, presents ways in which trait may influence vote choice, and suggests areas for future research.
The Political Uses and Abuses of Civility and Incivility
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall , Volinsky Allyson , Weitz Ilana , Kenski Kate 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
After exploring the challenges involved in defining incivility, this chapter addresses the evolution of the concept, notes the dispute over trend lines, and précises work on its psychological effects. It then outlines some functions that civility and incivility serve, such as the functions of differentiating and mobilizing, marginalizing the powerless, expressing, and deliberating. The use of calls for civility as a means of social control is discussed, and then the chapter flags questions worthy of additional attention.
Transcriptional signatures for coupled predictions of stage II and III colorectal cancer metastasis and fluorouracil‐based adjuvant chemotherapy benefit
Authors: Song Kai , Guo You , Wang Xianlong , Cai Hao , Zheng Weicheng , Li Na , Song Xuekun , Ao Lu , Guo Zheng , Zhao Wenyuan 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe current study suggests that the identification of predictive signatures of fluorouracil (5‐FU) response for stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC) could be confounded by chemotherapy‐irrelevant low relapse risk. Using the samples of patients with stage II and III CRC who were treated with curative surgery only, we identified a signature with which to predict chemotherapy‐irrelevant relapse risk for patients after curative surgery. By applying this signature to the samples of patients with stage II and III CRC who were treated with 5‐FU–based adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) after surgery, we predicted the relapse risk if treated with surgery only. From high‐risk samples, we further identified another signature with which to predict therapeutic benefit from 5‐FU–based ACT. On the basis of the relative expression orderings of gene pairs, a postsurgery relapse risk signature that consisted of 44 gene pairs was developed and verified in 3 independent data sets. A 5‐FU therapeutic benefit signature that consisted of 4 gene pairs was then developed to predict the response of 5‐FU–based ACT for those patients with high relapse risk after curative surgery. The signature was verified in 4 independent datasets. For patients with stage II and III CRC, the coupled signatures can first identify patients with high relapse risk after curative surgery, then predict therapeutic benefit from 5‐FU–based ACT.—Song, K., Guo, Y., Wang, X., Cai, H., Zheng, W., Li, N., Song, X., Ao, L., Guo, Z., Zhao, W. Transcriptional signatures for coupled predictions of stage II and III colorectal cancer metastasis and fluorouracil‐based adjuvant chemotherapy benefit. FASEB J. 33, 151–162 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Diet‐induced β‐cell insulin resistance results in reversible loss of functional β‐cell mass
Authors: Paschen Meike , Moede Tilo , Valladolid-Acebes Ismael , Leibiger Barbara , Moruzzi Noah , Jacob Stefan , García-Prieto Concha F. , Brismar Kerstin , Leibiger Ingo B. , Berggren Per-Olof 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough convincing in genetic models, the relevance of β‐cell insulin resistance in diet‐induced type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unclear. Exemplified by diabetes‐prone, male, C57B1/6J mice being fed different combinations of Western‐style diet, we show that β‐cell insulin resistance occurs early during T2DM progression and is due to a combination of lipotoxicity and increased β‐cell workload. Within 8 wk of being fed a high‐fat, high‐sucrose diet, mice became obese, developed impaired insulin and glucose tolerances, and displayed noncompensatory insulin release, due, at least in part, to reduced expression of syntaxin‐1A. Through reporter islets transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye, we demonstrated a concomitant loss of functional β‐cell mass. When mice were changed from diabetogenic diet to normal chow diet, the diabetes phenotype was reversed, suggesting a remarkable plasticity of functional β‐cell mass in the early phase of T2DM development. Our data reinforce the relevance of diet composition as an environmental factor determining different routes of diabetes progression in a given genetic background. Employing the in vivo reporter islet–monitoring approach will allow researchers to define key times in the dynamics of reversible loss of functional β‐cell mass and, thus, to investigate the underlying, molecular mechanisms involved in the progression toward T2DM manifestation.—Paschen, M., Moede, T., Valladolid‐Acebes, I., Leibiger, B., Moruzzi, N., Jacob, S., García‐Prieto, C. F., Brismar, K., Leibiger, I. B., Berggren, P.‐O. Diet‐induced β‐cell insulin resistance results in reversible loss of functional β‐cell mass. FASEB J. 33, 204–218 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Balloon Kyphoplasty Versus Conservative Treatment for Acute Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures With Poor Prognostic Factors
Authors: Hoshino Masatoshi , Takahashi Shinji , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Terai Hidetomi , Watanabe Kyoei , Hayashi Kazunori , Tsujio Tadao , Kono Hiroshi , Suzuki Akinobu , Tamai Koji , Ohyama Shoichiro , Toyoda Hiromitsu , Dohzono Sho , Kanematsu Fumiaki , Hori Yusuke , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: June 2018

Study Design.
A multicenter, prospective, single-arm, intervention study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate efficacy of balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) for acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) in patients with poor prognostic factors.

Summary of Background Data.
The indications for BKP remain unclear. Characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (high-intensity or diffuse low-intensity area in fractured vertebrae on T2-weighted images) were reportedly predictive of delayed union.

Methods.
This study enrolled 106 patients with poor prognostic MRI findings who underwent BKP within 2 months after injury, and 116 controls with acute OVFs and the same poor prognostic factors who underwent conservative treatment. Patients were propensity score matched in a logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, number of baseline old fractures, and fracture level. The primary outcome was reduction in activities of daily living (ADLs) at 6 months after fracture, and the secondary outcomes were improvement in short-form (SF)-36 subscales, back pain visual analog scale (VAS) score, and vertebral body deformity.

Results.
A decrease in ADLs occurred in 5.6% of patients in the BKP group and 25.6% of patients in the conservative treatment group (P < 0.001). The SF-36 vitality subscale score improved by 26.9 ± 25.9 points in the BKP group and 14.5 ± 29.4 points in the control group (P = 0.03). The VAS pain score improved by 43.4 ± 34.4 in the BKP group and 52.2 ± 29.8 in the control group (P = 0.44). The vertebral body wedge angle improved by 5.5 ± 6.2° in the BKP group and −6.3 ± 5.0° in the control group (P < 0.0001). The percent vertebral body height improved by 15.2 ± 19.2% in the BKP group and −20.6 ± 14.2% in the control group (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion.
ADLs, quality of life, and vertebral deformity showed greater improvement with BKP intervention for acute OVF with poor prognostic factors than with conservative treatment at 6 months after injury. Our treatment strategy uses BKP intervention according to the presence or absence of poor prognostic MRI findings.

Level of Evidence: 4
Frontalis–Orbicularis Muscle Advancement for Correction of Upper Eyelid Ptosis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cruz Antonio A. V. , Akaishi and Patricia M. S. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To review the level of standardization of frontalis–orbicularis muscle advancement to correct severe blepharoptosis and the degree of scientific evidence supporting the procedure as a useful modality of blepharoptosis repair.

Methods:
The authors searched the Medline, Lilacs, and Scopus databases for all articles in English, Spanish, and French that used as keywords the terms “frontalis muscle flap,” “orbicularis muscle flap,” and “ptosis.” Data retrieved included authorship specialty, geographic region where the surgeries were performed, characteristics of the samples reported, type and dimensions of the flaps used, time of follow-up, rate of undercorrection, and complications.

Results:
Thirty-eight articles were retrieved and analyzed. Most studies originated from Asian countries, especially China, Taiwan, and Korea. Many variations of the procedure were encountered, including location of incisions and frontalis flap design. There were 23 case series with more than 10 patients. None compared the procedure to conventional frontalis suspension surgery. The samples were not homogeneous, including patients with different type of ptosis, variable degrees of levator function, and using distinct methods of evaluating eyelid position. Undercorrection rates ranged from 1.8% to 38% with a median value of 12.2%. The rate of complications (eyelid crease abnormalities, entropion, hematoma, and supraorbital nerve injury) was low.

Conclusions:
The direct frontalis–orbicularis muscle advancement has been judged positively in all reports analyzed. However, the level of standardization of the surgery is low, and the reported series are not homogeneous. Further studies are needed to better evaluate this operation.
Cervical Cytology and Histology After Solid Organ Transplant: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Long Margaret E. , Chantigian Paula D. M. , Weaver Amy L. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives
The ideal frequency of cervical cancer screening in women with solid organ transplants (SOTs) remains to be determined. We aimed to assess the longitudinal rates of cytologic and histologic cervical abnormalities in women after SOT.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed health records of women aged 18 to 60 years who received their first kidney, liver, pancreas, or combination transplant at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) from 1995 through 2011. Patient demographics, cervical cytology and histology, and high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing data were abstracted. All women included in the study had documentation of at least 1 cervical cytologic assessment after SOT. Cumulative incidence of abnormal cytology or histology was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results
In total, 459 women (mean age at SOT, 43.9 years) were included in the study. Pre-SOT cytology was benign in 226 (97.4%) of 232 patients with available results. During follow-up, 9 women had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or higher (CIN3+) histology. The cumulative incidence of CIN3+ was 0.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0%–0.6%) at 1 year after SOT, 0.7% (95% CI, 0%–1.5%) at 2 years, 1.9% (95% CI, 0.5%–3.3%) at 5 years, and 3.1% (95% CI, 0.4%–5.7%) at 10 years. At the time of the first post-SOT cervical cytology, a greater proportion of women who were hrHPV positive had abnormal findings compared with hrHPV-negative women (10/15 [66.7%] vs 1/71 [1.4%]; p < .001).

Conclusions
The cumulative incidence of CIN3+ in the first 5 years after SOT approximates the level of risk for which annual cytologic assessment has been recommended.
Self-management Interventions for Pain and Physical Symptoms Among People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Authors: Nkhoma Kennedy , Norton Christine , Sabin Caroline , Winston Alan , Merlin Jessica , Harding Richard 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
Pain and symptoms still persist among people living with HIV/AIDS. Evidence-based self-management interventions have the potential to help people with HIV/AIDS to successfully manage pain and symptoms. We aimed to identify and appraise the evidence regarding the effectiveness of self-management interventions for pain and/or physical symptoms in people living with HIV/AIDS.

Methods:
We searched for controlled intervention studies in Amed, Assian, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science data bases, from 1984 to February 2017. Two reviewers screened and extracted data, assessed risk of bias (using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklist for randomized and nonrandomized trials), and rated the quality of evidence (GRADE tool).

Results:
We identified 22 original papers reporting 19 different studies. Of these, 17 used randomized controlled trial designs. Three studies reported data on pain severity, and 2 studies reported data on pain interference outcomes with one study reporting positive effect on both outcomes. Outcomes for physical symptoms were reported in 13 studies with 6 studies reporting positive effect. The quality of evidence was moderate for pain outcomes. For physical symptoms, one study was rated as moderate; the rest were rated as low n = 8 and very low n = 4 quality.

Conclusions:
There is some evidence to suggest that self-management interventions delivered either online, face-to-face, or group-based consisting of booklet, leaflet, or manuals are effective in improving pain and physical symptoms. Findings suggest the need for theoretically plausible high-quality clinical trials of pain and physical symptom self-management among culturally diverse people with HIV.
Brief Report: The Anti–HIV-1 ADCC-Mediating Antibodies From Cervicovaginal Secretions of HIV-Infected Women Have an Ability to Mediate Lysing of Autologous CD4+ HIV-Infected Cells
Authors: Dhande Jayshree , Angadi Mansa , Murugavel K.G. , Poongulali S. , Nandagopal Paneerselvam , Vignesh Ramachandran , Ghate Manisha , Kulkarni Smita , Thakar Madhuri 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Fragment crystallizable region of antibody–mediated mechanism such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been identified as an important component of immune protection against HIV. We assessed whether the anti-HIV antibodies mediating ADCC from cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs) of HIV-infected women have an ability to mediate lysing of autologous CD4
+
HIV-infected cells.

Methodology:
The CVLs of 62 HIV-infected (37 long-term slow progressors and 25 with progressive HIV infection: progressors) and 20 HIV-uninfected Indian women with high risk of HIV acquisition were tested for the presence of ADCC-mediating anti-HIV antibodies against HIV-1 C Env in a fluorometric assay. Furthermore, we tested the ability of these antibodies to mediate ADCC-dependent killing of the autologous HIV-infected CD4
+
T cells using paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells containing target and effector cells.

Results:
The numbers of ADCC responders were significantly higher in long-term slow progressors (34/37) as compared to the progressor group (9/25) with no significant difference in the magnitude. The magnitude of response was inversely associated with detectable CVL viral load (P < 0.003). The lysis of target cells was significantly higher in enriched IgG fraction as compared to the respective non-IgG fraction. The ADCC antibodies from CVLs significantly reduced the frequency of HIV-1 Env–activated autologous CD4+ T cells in the presence of autologous effector cells.

Conclusions:
The presence of ADCC antibodies in CVLs with an ability to mediate lysing of HIV-infected autologous CD4
+
T cells provides evidence of their promising contribution to mucosal defense against HIV-1 and has implications in designing prophylactic and immunotherapeutic strategies.
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury Alters the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in a Time-Dependent Manner
Authors: Nicholson Susannah E. , Watts Lora T. , Burmeister David M. , Merrill Daniel , Scroggins Shannon , Zou Yi , Lai Zhao , Grandhi Ramesh , Lewis Aaron M. , Newton Larry M. , Eastridge Brian J. , Schwacha Martin G. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The microbiome is defined as the collective genomes of the microbes (composed of bacteria, bacteriophage, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) that colonize the human body, and alterations have been associated with a number of disease states. Changes in gut commensals can influence the neurologic system via the brain-gut axis, and systemic insults such as trauma or traumatic brain injury (TBI) may alter the gut microbiome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gut microbiome in a preclinical TBI cortical impact model. Male rats underwent craniotomy and randomized to a sham group (n = 4), or a moderate TBI (n = 10) using a pneumatic impactor. MRI and behavioral assessments were performed pre-TBI and on days 2, 7, and 14 days thereafter. Microbiome composition was determined with 16s rRNA sequencing from fecal sample DNA pre-TBI and 2 hrs, 1, 3, and 7 days afterward. Alpha- and β-bacterial diversity, as well as organizational taxonomic units (OTUs), were determined. Significant changes in the gut microbiome were evident as early as 2 h after TBI as compared with pre-injured samples and sham rats. While there were varying trends among the phylogenetic families across time, some changes persisted through 7 days in the absence of therapeutic intervention. While large structural lesions and behavioral deficits were apparent post-TBI, there were modest but significant decreases in α-diversity. Moreover, both changes in representative phyla and α-diversity measures were significantly correlated with MRI-determined lesion volume. These results suggest that changes in the microbiome may represent a novel biomarker to stage TBI severity and predict functional outcome.
Machine Learning Reveals Modules of Economic Behavior from Foraging Mice
Authors: Hörndli Cornelia N Stacher , Wong Eleanor , Ferris Elliott , Rhodes Alexis Nikole , Fletcher P. Thomas , Gregg Christopher 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYComplex ethological behaviors could be constructed from modules that are discrete functional units of behavior with a genetic basis. Here, we test this idea for foraging, and develop a paradigm to dissect foraging patterns in mice. We uncover discrete behavioral modules linked to round trip excursions from the home. Machine learning reveals 59 modules across different genetic backgrounds and ages. Different modules develop at different ages and are linked to different aspects of economic behavior, including memory, reward, risk and effort responses. Crosses of distant mouse strains reveal that parental and genetic effects shape foraging differently, and parental effects grow stronger with age. Specific behavioral modules, genes and pathways are found to be sensitive to parental effects. One candidate gene, Magel2, is linked to Prader-Willi Syndrome and shaped the expression of discrete modules in an age-dependent manner. Our results reveal building blocks for normal and abnormal economic behavior patterns.HIGHLIGHTSIdentification of 59 economic behavior modules underlying foragingDiscrete modules are linked to memory, reward, risk and effort responsesGenetic and parental effects shape foraging by changing module expressionMagel2, a Prader-Willi Syndrome gene, affects specific modules at specific ages