bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat‐stress Memory is Responsible for Acquired Thermotolerance inBangia fuscopurpurea
Authors: Kishimoto Ikuya , Ariga Inori , Itabashi Yutaka , Mikami Koji 
Published: June 2019

The environmental stresses that sessile organisms experience usually fluctuate dramatically and are often recurrent. Terrestrial plants can acquire memory of exposure to sublethal heat stress to acquire thermotolerance and survive subsequent lethal high‐temperature stress; however, little is known concerning whether seaweeds acquire thermotolerance via heat‐stress memory. We have demonstrated that the red seaweedBangia fuscopurpureacan indeed acquire memory of sublethal high‐temperature stress, resulting in the acquisition of thermotolerance that protects against subsequent lethal high‐temperature stress. Moreover, the maintenance of heat‐stress memory was associated with a slight increase in the saturation level of membrane fatty acids. This suggests that the modification of membrane fluidity via changes in membrane fatty acid composition is involved in the establishment and maintenance of heat‐stress memory inB. fuscopurpurea. These findings provide insights into the physiological survival and growth strategies of sessile red seaweeds to cope with recurrent changes in environmental conditions.
When Is A Lineage A Species? A Case Study In Myxacorys gen. nov. (Synechococcales: Cyanobacteria) With The Description of Two New Species From The Americas
Authors: Pietrasiak Nicole , Osorio‐Santos Karina , Shalygin Sergei , Martin Michael P. , Johansen Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2019

Soil cyanobacteria are crucial components of biological soil crusts and carry out many functions in dryland ecosystems. Despite this importance, their taxonomy and population genetics remain poorly known. We isolated 42 strains of simple filamentous cyanobacteria previously identified as Pseudophormidium hollerbachianum from 26 desert locations in the North and South America and characterized these strains using a total evidence approach, that is, using both morphological and molecular data to arrive at taxonomic decisions. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, we propose and characterize Myxacorys gen. nov. with two new species Myxacorys chilensis, the generitype, and M. californica. We also found distinct 16S‐23S ITS sequence variability within species in our dataset. Especially interesting was the presence of two distinct lineages of M. californica obtained from locations in close spatial proximity (within a few meters to kilometers from each other) suggesting niche differentiation. The detection of such unrecognized lineage‐level variability in soil cyanobacteria has important implications for biocrust restoration practices and conservation efforts.
Genomic signatures of sympatric speciation with historical and contemporary gene flow in a tropical anthozoan (Hexacorallia: Actiniaria)
Authors: Titus Benjamin M. , Blischak Paul D. , Daly Marymegan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSympatric diversification is recognized to have played an important role in the evolution of biodiversity. However, an in situ sympatric origin for codistributed taxa is difficult to demonstrate because different evolutionary processes can lead to similar biogeographic outcomes, especially in ecosystems that can readily facilitate secondary contact due to a lack of hard barriers to dispersal. Here we use a genomic (ddRADseq), model‐based approach to delimit a species complex of tropical sea anemones that are codistributed on coral reefs throughout the Tropical Western Atlantic. We use coalescent simulations in fastsimcoal2 and ordinary differential equations in Moments to test competing diversification scenarios that span the allopatric‐sympatric continuum. Our results suggest that the corkscrew sea anemone Bartholomea annulata is a cryptic species complex whose members are codistributed throughout their range. Simulation and model selection analyses from both approaches suggest these lineages experienced historical and contemporary gene flow, supporting a sympatric origin, but an alternative secondary contact model receives appreciable model support in fastsimcoal2. Leveraging the genome of the closely related Exaiptasia diaphana, we identify five loci under divergent selection between cryptic B. annulata lineages that fall within mRNA transcripts or CDS regions. Our study provides a rare empirical, genomic example of sympatric speciation in a tropical anthozoan and the first range‐wide molecular study of a tropical sea anemone, underscoring that anemone diversity is under‐described in the tropics, and highlighting the need for additional systematic studies into these ecologically and economically important species.
Elements of intensive care bereavement follow‐up services: A European survey
Authors: Egerod Ingrid , Kaldan Gudrun , Albarran John , Coombs Maureen , Mitchell Marion , Latour Jos M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite technological innovations and continuous improvement in evidence‐based treatments, mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains high. Consequently, a large group of family members may be in need of, and could benefit from, bereavement follow‐up support.Aims and ObjectivesTo explore the elements, organization, and evaluation of ICU bereavement services in European countries. Specific objectives were to investigate: (a) the model of bereavement follow‐up services (elements of support), (b) the workforce model (organization of staff), and (c) the evaluation model (evaluation strategies).DesignThis was a cross‐sectional survey of conference delegates.MethodsA paper‐and‐pen questionnaire, including a cover letter assuring the respondents of anonymity and confidentiality, was distributed to 250 delegates during the opening ceremony of the 2017 European federation of Critical Care Nurses associations Congress in Belfast. The questionnaire was developed from a previously validated tool describing bereavement care practices in ICUs, including questions about the content and organization of bereavement follow‐up services. Frequencies were calculated using yes/no questions, and content analysis was applied in additional free‐text comments.ResultsWe received 85 responses from publicly employed nurses, mainly in mixed adult ICUs. Respondents were 48 (56.5%) bedside nurses, and the remaining respondents represented clinical nurse specialists, researchers, managers, or academic nurses. Bereavement follow up had existed for about 1 to 15 years. Important follow‐up elements were: viewing the deceased in the unit, 77 (90.6%); providing follow‐up information, 67 (79.8%); sending a letter of sympathy, 17 (20%); and calling the family to arrange a meeting, 27 (31%).ConclusionsBereavement follow up is common but variable in European ICUs. We recommend the development, implementation, and evaluation of evidence‐based, but culture‐specific, bereavement follow‐up guidelines for European ICUs.Relevance to Clinical PracticeMore critical care nurses are realizing the need for bereavement follow‐up guidelines. This paper provides an overview of common elements that might be considered.
WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC

Many families experience the death of a loved one in intensive care unit (ICU).
Bereavement services are offered at some ICUs.
WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

Bereavement services are not systematically offered in European ICUs.
Culture‐specific guidelines are needed for bereavement follow up in ICUs.
Common elements of bereavement services have been identified, for example, viewing the deceased in the unit, providing follow‐up information, sending a letter of sympathy, and calling the family to arrange a meeting.
Consequences of bereavement in ICU have been discussed, for example, prolonged or complicated grief and lack of closure in the bereaved.
Pharmacologic interrogation of patients with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction using amyl nitrite
Authors: Babaei Arash , Shad Sadaf , Szabo Aniko , Massey Benson T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Chicago Classification of esophageal motility includes a group of patients who show evidence of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) as demonstrated by elevated integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) and preserved peristalsis. Our aim is to classify EGJOO patients based on response to amyl nitrite (AN) during high‐resolution manometry.MethodsPatients were considered to have true EGJOO if elevated IRP during supine swallow persisted in the upright position and was associated with high intrabolus pressure. The EGJ response to AN was compared between patients with achalasia type 2 (A2) and normal esophageal motility. Based on the relaxation gain (deglutitive IRP—AN IRP) value that best discriminated these two groups (10 mm Hg), patients with true EGJOO were categorized as being in either the AN‐responsive (AN‐R) or AN‐unresponsive (AN‐U) subgroups.Key ResultsIn the group of 49 patients with true EGJOO, the AN response classified 27 patients (IRP = 25 ± 10 mm Hg) with AN‐R and 22 patients (IRP = 20 ± 5 mm Hg) with AN‐U (P = 0.2). In AN‐R, AN produced a relaxation gain and rebound after‐contraction response at the EGJ comparable to A2 patients. AN‐U patients had an elevated IRP after AN and a relaxation gain similar to normal esophageal motility patients. AN‐U patients were obese and had higher prevalence of sleep apnea (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAmong patients with true EGJOO, only half have pharmacologic evidence of impaired LES relaxation. Pharmacologic interrogation of the EGJ is thus necessary to identify the subgroup of EGJOO patients who could be expected to benefit from LES ablative therapies.
A point‐input, point‐output forest as a microprototype for capital accounting
Authors: Cairns Robert D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe point‐input, point‐output, plantation forest was first studied by Martin Faustmann in the mid‐19th century. The exploitation of a Faustmannian forest involves decisions concerning investments and receipts over time that are qualitatively different from the smooth, convex flows that are usually studied in the economics of accounting. The simple, well understood analysis of the forest has implications for the concept of income in forestry as well as in other industries that are typified by nonconvex decisions. A forest is a salient example of the importance of discrete, irreversible investment, and of the role of price effects (capital gains) in income accounting and, more fundamentally, of perceptions of the “right prices” in economic analysis.
Carry on thinking: Nurse education in the Corporate University
Authors: Rolfe Gary 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that the modern university can be traced back to the inauguration of the University of Berlin in 1810. In the subsequent two centuries, the idea of the university has taken on many forms, largely driven by the political concerns of the day and often in response to demands from the electorate for greater state regulation and accountability for public spending. Until recently, the responsibility for academic and social legitimation had shifted between the church, the state and the university itself. However, in opening up the higher education sector to the influence of the market economy, the state has surrendered much of its political influence over the academic governance of the university to the power of the consumer, which is to say, to students. In this essay, I trace the history of the modern university and examine the significance and implications for nurse education of the turn towards the market. Drawing on the work of Derrida, Lyotard and Readings, I suggest that the return to liberal education is no longer possible, and argue instead for a philosophical strategy of subversion.
The archaeology of coding RNA
Authors: Ariza‐Mateos Ascensión , Briones Carlos , Perales Celia , Domingo Esteban , Gómez Jordi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDifferent theories concerning the origin of RNA (and, in particular, mRNA) point to the concatenation and expansion of proto‐tRNA−like structures. Different biochemical and biophysical tools have been used to search for ancient‐like RNA elements with a specific structure in genomic viral RNAs, including that of the hepatitis C virus, as well as in cellular mRNA populations, in particular those of human hepatocytes. We define this method as “archaeological,” and it has been designed to discover evolutionary patterns through a nonphylogenetic and nonrepresentational strategy. tRNA‐like elements were found in structurally or functionally relevant positions both in viral RNA and in one of the liver mRNAs examined, the antagonist interferon‐alpha subtype 5 (IFNA5) mRNA. Additionally, tRNA‐like elements are highly represented within the hepatic mRNA population, which suggests that they could have participated in the formation of coding RNAs in the distant past. Expanding on this finding, we have observed a recurring dsRNA‐like motif next to the tRNA‐like elements in both viral RNAs and IFNA5 mRNA. This suggested that the concatenation of these RNA motifs was an activity present in the RNA pools that might have been relevant in the RNA world. The extensive alteration of sequences that likely triggered the transition from the predecessors of coding RNAs to the first fully functional mRNAs (which was not the case in the stepwise construction of noncoding rRNAs) hinders the phylogeny‐based identification of RNA elements (both sequences and structures) that might have been active before the advent of protein synthesis. Therefore, our RNA archaeological method is presented as a way to better understand the structural/functional versatility of a variety of RNA elements, which might represent “the losers” in the process of RNA evolution as they had to adapt to the selective pressures favoring the coding capacity of the progressively longer mRNAs.
Central somatostatin signaling and regulation of food intake
Authors: Stengel Andreas , Taché Yvette 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe discovery of somatostatin (SST) in the hypothalamus implicated the peptide in the inhibition of growth hormone release. However, as observed for numerous neuropeptides, SST was neither restricted to this one brain site nor to this one function. Subsequent studies established a widespread but specific expression of SST in the central nervous system of rodents and humans along with the expression patterns of five receptors (sst1–5). Among biological actions, the activation of central SST signaling induced a robust stimulation of food and water intake, which is mediated by the sst2 as assessed using selective sst agonists. The past years have witnessed the identification of brain SST circuitries involved using chemogenetic and optogenetic approaches and further established a physiological orexigenic role of brain SST signaling. The present review will discuss these recent findings.
Rural credit and the time allocation of agricultural households: The case of PRONAF in Brazil
Authors: Ely Regis A. , Parfitt Rafael , Carraro André , Ribeiro Felipe Garcia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper evaluates the impact of Brazil's National Program to Strengthen Family Farming (PRONAF) on the time allocation of household members. We use data from the 2014 Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, and we apply propensity score methods to complex surveys recently recommended in the literature. We find that PRONAF helps to increase focus on agricultural activities, but it also stimulates female partners to engage in unpaid work. The results show significant effects of PRONAF on child labor and on the gender‐specific division of labor within households, although it does not have the usual adverse effects of rural credit programs on school attendance.
Representation Imperatives in the Public Mind
Authors: Doherty David , Bryan Amanda Clare , Willis Reid , Witry Paul 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveSome models of representation posit that high quality representation hinges on legislators adhering to their campaign promises. Others rest on the idea that representatives should respond to prevailing sentiment among their constituents. Still others suggest that legislators have a special obligation to their supporters—the voters who put them into office. We assess how important citizens think it is for elected officials to respond to each of these representation imperatives.MethodsWe leverage a national survey experiment that asked respondents to evaluate a Senator whose behavior conformed to or was at odds with each of these modes of representation.FindingsAdhering to campaign promises and responding to prevailing public preferences similarly, and independently, affect evaluations of whether a vote cast by a legislator was appropriate. We also find a pronounced partisan divide in the importance people attach to responding to electoral supporters' preferences.ConclusionsIn the aggregate, Americans value each of the three modes of representation we investigate. However, Democrats attach essentially no independent importance to responsiveness to core supporters, while Republicans see this type of responsiveness as just as important as adhering to campaign promises or responding to the broader constituency.
Families of Picard modular forms and an application to the Bloch–Kato conjecture
Authors: Hernandez Valentin 
Published: June 2019

In this article we construct a p-adic three-dimensional eigenvariety for the group$U$(2,1)($E$), where$E$is a quadratic imaginary field and$p$is inert in$E$. The eigenvariety parametrizes Hecke eigensystems on the space of overconvergent, locally analytic, cuspidal Picard modular forms of finite slope. The method generalized the one developed in Andreatta, Iovita and Stevens [$p$-adic families of Siegel modular cuspformsAnn. of Math. (2)181, (2015), 623–697] by interpolating the coherent automorphic sheaves when the ordinary locus is empty. As an application of this construction, we reprove a particular case of the Bloch–Kato conjecture for some Galois characters of$E$, extending the results of Bellaiche and Chenevier to the case of a positive sign.
Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability and agreement of echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease using the World Heart Federation evidence-based criteria
Authors: Remenyi Bo , Carapetis Jonathan , Stirling John W , Ferreira Beatrice , Kumar Krishnan , Lawrenson John , Marijon Eloi , Mirabel Mariana , Mocumbi A O , Mota Cleonice , Paar John , Saxena Anita , Scheel Janet , Viali Satu , Vijayalakshmi I B , Wheaton Gavin R , Zuhlke Liesl , Sidhu Karishma , Dimalapang Eliazar , Gentles Thomas L , Wilson Nigel J 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveDifferent definitions have been used for screening for rheumatic heart disease (RHD). This led to the development of the 2012 evidence-based World Heart Federation (WHF) echocardiographic criteria. The objective of this study is to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and agreement in differentiating no RHD from mild RHD using the WHF echocardiographic criteria.MethodsA standard set of 200 echocardiograms was collated from prior population-based surveys and uploaded for blinded web-based reporting. Fifteen international cardiologists reported on and categorised each echocardiogram as no RHD, borderline or definite RHD. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was calculated using Cohen’s and Fleiss’ free-marginal multirater kappa (κ) statistics, respectively. Agreement assessment was expressed as percentages. Subanalyses assessed reproducibility and agreement parameters in detecting individual components of WHF criteria.ResultsSample size from a statistical standpoint was 3000, based on repeated reporting of the 200 studies. The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of diagnosing definite RHD was substantial with a kappa of 0.65 and 0.69, respectively. The diagnosis of pathological mitral and aortic regurgitation was reliable and almost perfect, kappa of 0.79 and 0.86, respectively. Agreement for morphological changes of RHD was variable ranging from 0.54 to 0.93 κ.ConclusionsThe WHF echocardiographic criteria enable reproducible categorisation of echocardiograms as definite RHD versus no or borderline RHD and hence it would be a suitable tool for screening and monitoring disease progression. The study highlights the strengths and limitations of the WHF echo criteria and provides a platform for future revisions.
Feasibility of combined screening for upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma risk by serology and Cytosponge testing: the SUGAR study
Authors: Xu Yiwang , Miremadi Ahmad , Link Alexander , Malfertheiner Peter , Fitzgerald Rebecca C , Bornschein Jan 
Published: June 2019

AimsAim was to assess the feasibility of serum markers to identify individuals at risk for gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma to reduce the number of individuals requiring invasive assessment by endoscopy.MethodsBlood samples from 56 patients with Barrett’s oesophagus and 202 non-Barrett controls who previously took part in a trial assessing the accuracy of the Cytosponge for Barrett’s oesophagus were assessed for serum pepsinogen (PG) 1 and 2, gastrin-17, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) andHelicobacter pyloriinfection.ResultsPG1 was pathological (<50 ng/mL) in 26 patients (10.1%), none of whom had Barrett’s oesophagus (p<0.001). Smoking and drinking had no influence on these results. Pathological PG1 was associated with stomach pain (p=0.029), disruption of sleep (p=0.027) and disruption of diet by symptoms (p=0.019). Serum TFF3 was not associated with any clinical parameter.ConclusionsAssessment of serum PG1 could be combined with a test for Barrett’s oesophagus to identify additional patients requiring endoscopy.
Mechanical thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion: efficacy, outcomes, and futile recanalization in comparison with the anterior circulation
Authors: Meinel Thomas Raphael , Kaesmacher Johannes , Chaloulos-Iakovidis Panagiotis , Panos Leonidas , Mordasini Pasquale , Mosimann Pascal J , Michel Patrik , Hajdu Steven , Ribo Marc , Requena Manuel , Maegerlein Christian , Friedrich Benjamin , Costalat Vincent , Benali Amel , Pierot Laurent , Gawlitza Matthias , Schaafsma Joanna , Pereira Vitor M , Gralla Jan , Fischer Urs 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundPerforming mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is currently not evidence-based.ObjectiveTo compare patients’ outcome, relative merits of achieving recanalization, and predictors of futile recanalization (FR) between BAO and anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (ACLVO) MT.MethodsIn the multicenter BEYOND-SWIFT registry (NCT03496064), univariate and multivariate (displayed as adjusted Odds Ratios, aOR and 95% confidence intervals, 95%-CI) outcome comparisons between BAO (N=165) and ACLVO (N=1574) were performed. The primary outcome was favorable outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale, mRS 0-2). Secondary outcome included mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and FR. The relative merits of achieving successful recanalization between ACLVO and BAO were evaluated with interaction terms.ResultsMT in BAO was more often technically effective and equally safe in regards to mortality and sICH when compared to ACLVO. When adjusting for baseline differences, there was no significant difference between BAO vs ACLVO regarding rates of favorable outcome (aOR 0.986, 95%-CI 0.553 – 1.758). However, BAO were associated with increased rates of FR (aOR 2.146, 95%-CI 1.267 – 3.633). Predictors for FR were age, stroke severity, maneuver count and intracranial stenting. No significant heterogeneity on the relative merits of achieving successful recanalization on several outcome parameters were observed when comparing BAO and ACLVO.ConclusionsIn selected patients, similar outcomes can be achieved in BAO and ACLVO patients treated with MT. Randomized controlled trials comparing patient selection and interventional strategies seem warranted to avoid FR.Trial registration numberNCT03496064