bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Long‐Term Thermal Stability of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Mohammadnezhad Mahyar , Selopal Gurpreet Singh , Wang Zhiming M. , Stansfield Barry , Zhao Haiguang , Rosei Federico 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, the effect of incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the thermal stability of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was investigated. Under identical measurement conditions (aging at 80 °C for 240 h), DSSCs based on a bare TiO2 anode presented a significant loss in photoconversion efficiency (PCE), dropping to 59 % of their initial value, whereas the DSSCs based on a TiO2–MWCNT nanocomposite anode attained a promising thermal stability with only 20 % loss of PCE. This degradation of cell performance is mainly associated with a dramatic reduction in the short‐circuit current density (Jsc). To understand the mechanisms that underpin these changes in device performance under thermal stress, both types of cells were investigated using various techniques. The incorporation of MWCNTs could eliminate the formation of cracks and improve electron charge transfer. The results of this study indicate a promising new method to enhance the thermal stability of DSSCs using a nanocomposite anode made of one‐dimensional carbon materials.
Multiuser access control searchable privacy‐preserving scheme in cloud storage
Authors: Cao Laicheng , Wang Yafei , Dong Xiaoye , Liu Yufei , Zhang Yangyang , Guo Xian , Feng Tao 
Published: April 2018

SummarySearchable encryption scheme‐based ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) is a effective scheme for providing multiuser to search over the encrypted data on cloud storage environment. However, most of the existing search schemes lack the privacy protection of the data owner and have higher computation time cost. In this paper, we propose a multiuser access control searchable privacy‐preserving scheme in cloud storage. First, the data owner only encrypts the data file and sets the access control list of multiuser and multiattribute for search data file. And the computing operation, which generates the attribute keys of the users' access control and the keyword index, is given trusted third party to perform for reducing the computation time of the data owner. Second, using CP‐ABE scheme, trusted third party embeds the users' access control attributes into their attribute keys. Only when those embedded attributes satisfy the access control list, the ciphertext can be decrypted accordingly. Finally, when the user searches data file, the keyword trap door is no longer generated by the user, and it is handed to the proxy server to finish. Also, the ciphertext is predecrypted by the proxy sever before the user performs decryption. In this way, the flaw of the client's limited computation resource can be solved. Security analysis results show that this scheme has the data privacy, the privacy of the search process, and the collusion‐resistance attack, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the computation time of the data owner and the users.
Slope of change in HbA1c from baseline with empagliflozin compared with sitagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: DeFronzo Ralph A. , Ferrannini Ele , Schernthaner Guntram , Hantel Stefan , Elsasser Ulrich , Lee Christopher , Hach Thomas , Lund Søren S. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryAimsTo analyse the effect of baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) on the reduction in HbA1c with empagliflozin compared with sitagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsUsing regression analyses of individual patient data from two Phase III studies, we compared the change in HbA1c according to a unit change in baseline HbA1c (the slope) with empagliflozin 10 mg or 25 mg vs sitagliptin (monotherapy) after 24 weeks, and with empagliflozin 25 mg vs glimepiride (as add‐on to metformin) after 52 weeks.ResultsSteeper slopes of HbA1c decline were observed with empagliflozin 10 or 25 mg vs sitagliptin monotherapy at week 24. Regression analysis showed slopes of −0.59 (95% CI −0.70, −0.47), −0.49 (95% CI −0.62, −0.37) and −0.29 (95% CI −0.42, −0.15) for empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg and sitagliptin, respectively (P < .001 and P < .05 for empagliflozin 10 mg and empagliflozin 25 mg, respectively, vs sitagliptin). Similarly, a steeper slope of HbA1c decline was observed with empagliflozin 25 mg vs glimepiride as add‐on to metformin at week 52. Regression analysis showed slopes of − 0.52 (95% CI −0.59, −0.44) and −0.32 (95% CI −0.39, −0.25) for empagliflozin 25 mg and glimepiride, respectively (P < .001 for empagliflozin 25 mg vs glimepiride).ConclusionsIncremental reductions in HbA1c with increasing baseline HbA1c are greater with empagliflozin compared with sitagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Empowerment Evaluation's Roots in Community
Authors: Fetterman David M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDavid M. Fetterman describes the powerful sense of community he grew up in. The link between respecting local knowledge, social justice, community ownership, and his own evaluation values and processes are apparent. His ethnographic and Eempowerment approaches to evaluation reflect the way he was raised. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20289/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
Evaluation: The Wary Way
Authors: Adelman Clement 
Published: April 2018

AbstractClement Adelman connects his childhood experiences in boarding schools, his life in a jazz band, and his interest in film with reflections on a long life of evaluation, drawing parallels to his formal evaluation approach. The skepticism he developed as a child and his ways of protecting himself from conflict and attack were formative to ways he conducted and experienced evaluation—professionally and otherwise—along with a conviction to pursue what he thought was valuable: speaking and thinking only the truth. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20304/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
Theoretical analysis of lithium‐ion battery failure characteristics under different states of charge
Authors: Jiang Fengwei , Liu Kai , Wang Zhirong , Tong Xuan , Guo Linsheng 
Published: April 2018

SummaryLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively applied in various portable electronic equipment because of their high energy density power. However, accidents related to LIBs frequently occur. This study focuses on failure results, characteristics, and phenomena. Lithium‐ion batteries under different states of charge (SOCs) (0%, 30%, 50%, 80%, 100%, and 120%) at high temperatures have been investigated with the thermal abuse test. During the experiments, several typical failure processes were captured. According to the phenomena, 2 failure modes (smoke and jet fire) and 3 stages (primary reaction, tempestuous reaction in the middle time period, and extinguishing reaction in the final stage) were observed. A substantial amount of gas was vented, and jet fire was detected in the middle period. Only gas vented when the SOC was lower than 50%, whereas vented gas and jet fire were detected simultaneously when the SOC exceeded 50%. The results indicated combustible behaviors and exothermic reactions related to the SOC. An increase in the SOC caused a decrease in the thermal runaway initial temperature and the maximum increase in temperature. A higher SOC determined intense chemical reactions in the cell at higher temperatures, which caused a significant amount of materials to spew out of the batteries as well as additional mass loss. Relationships between failure characteristics and internal reactions were analyzed. The SOC should be lower than 50% in transportation or storage. The intercalated lithium capacities were the main reason for the series of domino reactions, which caused runaway in the terminal. These studies can serve as a reference for safety applications, transportation, and loss prevention in LIBs.
New insights about the Mesoproterozoic sedimentary framework of North China Craton
Authors: Li Zhenhong , Xi Shengli , Hu Jianmin , Dong Xiaopeng , Zhang Guisong 
Published: April 2018

At the south‐western margin of the North China Craton (NCC), there existed a lot of Mesoproterozoic strata. However, it is hardly known about the Mesoproterozoic stratigraphic sequence and deep structures of the south‐western part of NCC (most is the Ordos Block) due to the thick Phanerozoic sedimentary cover above the Precambrian basement and strata. Combining the drilling well data, seismic profiles, and outcrops around the whole Ordos Block, it becomes possible to reveal the deep structure and distribution of Mesoproterozoic strata. The distribution and sedimentation of Mesoproterozoic at the southwestern margin of NCC were controlled by a series of NE–SW extension deep faults just existed in Mesoproterozoic Changcheng System and Jixian System. According to the drilling well data, the Changchang System includes several various thickness volcanic rocks, and the stratigraphic sequence and lithological combination are similar to the Yanliao Rift. During the sedimentation from Longjiayuan Formation to Duguan Formation, the water got deeper revealed by the content of Ce element gradually decreasing. However, the content of Ce element unusually increases during the steady subsidence of the Mesoproterozoic basin, while the Xunjiansi Formation sedimented. The deposition of tephra or hydrothermal might contribute a lot to the increase of the Ce element's content. Besides that, numerous soft‐sediment deformation structures developed in carbonate rocks of Mesoproterozoic Xunjiansi Formation at the south‐western margin of NCC. What's more, the Xunjiansi Formation with soft‐sediment deformation structures can be regarded as a marker bed for the comparison with the Wumishan Formation in Yanliao Rift. Besides that, there is a set of residual sandstone conformably covered the dolomite of Mesoproterozoic Fengjiawan Formation. It corresponds with Xiamaling Formation of Building System in Yanliao Rift System based on the stratigraphic sequence and relative sedimentary time limited by the youngest zircon U–Pb age peak 1,511.1 ± 10 Ma (n = 7) and single zircon U–Pb age 1,436 ± 28 Ma. Therefore, the south‐western part of NCC have high similarity of stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary framework with Yanliao Rift. Moreover, the development of volcanic rocks in Changcheng System, soft‐sediment deformation structures, and Ce abnormal increasing in Xunjiansi Formation might suggest that there developed an active Mesoproterozoic Rift in the south‐western part of the NCC similar to Yanliao Rift. Generally, the south‐western part of NCC share similar tectonic background with Yanliao Rift.
Genome “Surgery”?
Authors: Klein Marnie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhen Kai Kupferschmidt writes about CRISPR‐based gene editing in German, he faces an obstacle: there's no exact translation for “editing” that has the same connotations as it has in English. Instead, as he explained last fall at The Hastings Center's preconference symposium on new genetic technologies at the World Conference of Science Journalists, he draws on a variety of phrases, including “genome surgery,” which conveys precision in Kupferschmidt's assessment, and “gene scissors,” which communicates CRISPR's mechanistic nature. But in any language, explaining CRISPR is difficult. It's a challenge I face at The Hastings Center, where I write about biotechnology for a public audience.
Separation of trait and state in stuttering
Authors: Connally Emily L , Ward David , Pliatsikas Christos , Finnegan Sarah , Jenkinson Mark , Boyles Rowan , Watkins Kate E 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStuttering is a disorder in which the smooth flow of speech is interrupted. People who stutter show structural and functional abnormalities in the speech and motor system. It is unclear whether functional differences reflect general traits of the disorder or are specifically related to the dysfluent speech state. We used a hierarchical approach to separate state and trait effects within stuttering. We collected sparse‐sampled functional MRI during two overt speech tasks (sentence reading and picture description) in 17 people who stutter and 16 fluent controls. Separate analyses identified indicators of: (1) general traits of people who stutter; (2) frequency of dysfluent speech states in subgroups of people who stutter; and (3) the differences between fluent and dysfluent states in people who stutter. We found that reduced activation of left auditory cortex, inferior frontal cortex bilaterally, and medial cerebellum were general traits that distinguished fluent speech in people who stutter from that of controls. The stuttering subgroup with higher frequency of dysfluent states during scanning (n = 9) had reduced activation in the right subcortical grey matter, left temporo‐occipital cortex, the cingulate cortex, and medial parieto‐occipital cortex relative to the subgroup who were more fluent (n = 8). Finally, during dysfluent states relative to fluent ones, there was greater activation of inferior frontal and premotor cortex extending into the frontal operculum, bilaterally. The above differences were seen across both tasks. Subcortical state effects differed according to the task. Overall, our data emphasise the independence of trait and state effects in stuttering.
Epidemiology, outcome, and risk factors for infectious complications in myelofibrosis patients receiving ruxolitinib: A multicenter study on 446 patients
Authors: Polverelli Nicola , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Binotto Gianni , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Benevolo Giulia , Bergamaschi Micaela , Tieghi Alessia , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Breccia Massimo , Catani Lucia , Tiribelli Mario , D'Adda Mariella , Sgherza Nicola , Isidori Alessandro , Cavazzini Francesco , Martino Bruno , Latagliata Roberto , Crugnola Monica , Heidel Florian , Bosi Costanza , Ibatici Adalberto , Soci Francesco , Penna Domenico , Scaffidi Luigi , Aversa Franco , Lemoli Roberto M. , Vitolo Umberto , Cuneo Antonio , Russo Domenico , Cavo Michele , Vianelli Nicola , Palandri Francesca 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInfections represent one of the major concerns regarding the utilization of ruxolitinib (RUX) in patients with myelofibrosis. With the aim to investigate epidemiology, outcome and risk factors for infections in RUX‐exposed patients, we collected clinical and laboratory data of 446 myelofibrosis patients treated with RUX between June 2011 and November 2016 in 23 European Hematology Centers. After a median RUX exposure of 23.5 months (range, 1‐56), 123 patients (28%) experienced 161 infectious events (grades 3‐4 32%, fatal 9%), for an incidence rate of 17 cases per 100 pts/y. The rate of infections tended to decrease over time: 14% of patients developed the first infection within 6 months, 5% between 6 and 12 months, 3.7% between 12 and 18 months, 3.4% between 18 and 24 months, and 7.9% thereafter (P < .0001). Respiratory tract infections were more frequently observed (81 events, 50%), and bacteria were the most frequent etiological agents (68.9%). However, also viral (14.9%) and fungal infections (2.5%) were observed. In multivariate analysis, previous infectious event (HR 2.54; 95% CI, 1.51‐4.28; P = .0005) and high international prognostic score system category (IPSS) (HR 1.53; 95% CI, 1.07‐2.20; P = .021) significantly correlated with higher infectious risk. On the contrary, spleen reduction ≥50% from baseline after 3 months of treatment (P = .02) was associated with better infection‐free survival. Taken together, these findings reinforce the concept of disease severity as the most important risk factor for infections, and describe, for the first time, that a positive therapeutic effect in reducing splenomegaly may also reduce subsequent infectious complications.
Toward an ontology‐driven blockchain design for supply‐chain provenance
Authors: Kim Henry M. , Laskowski Marek 
Published: April 2018

SummaryAn interesting research problem in our age of Big Data is that of determining provenance. Granular evaluation of provenance of physical goods (e.g., tracking ingredients of a pharmaceutical or demonstrating authenticity of luxury goods) has often not been possible with today's items that are produced and transported in complex, interorganizational, often internationally spanning supply chains. Recent adoptions of the Internet of Things and blockchain technologies give promise at better supply‐chain provenance. We are particularly interested in the blockchain, as many favored use cases of blockchain are for provenance tracking. We are also interested in applying ontologies, as there has been some work done on knowledge provenance, traceability, and food provenance using ontologies. In this paper, we make a case for why ontologies can contribute to blockchain design. To support this case, we analyze a traceability ontology and translate some of its representations to smart contracts that execute a provenance trace and enforce traceability constraints on the Ethereum blockchain platform.
Impact of wedelolactone in the anti‐glycation and anti‐diabetic activity in experimental diabetic animals
Authors: Shahab Uzma , Faisal Mohammad , Alatar Abdulrahman A. , Ahmad Saheem 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe glycation reaction is the addition of free carbonyl group of reducing sugar to the free amino groups of proteins, lipoproteins and nucleic acids which results in the formation of an Amadori product which may ultimately lead to the generation of advanced glycation products (AGEs). The impact of AGEs on proteins consequently generates free radicals, “a key player” for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Gel electrophoresis was carried out to see the visual changes taking place as a result of the glycation reaction. In this study, the anti‐glycation and anti‐diabetic effect of wedelolactone (WED) was seen both in vitro and in vivo. WED reverted various biochemical markers in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats along‐with the improvements in the oxidative stress markers. It also decreased the levels of the glycated serum protein and fasting blood glucose. Broadly, WED not only inhibited glycation in vitro but also proved to be an effective in vivo anti‐glycating agent. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(6):547–552, 2018
Community–academic partnerships in implementation research
Authors: Pellecchia Melanie , Mandell David S. , Nuske Heather J. , Azad Gazi , Benjamin Wolk Courtney , Maddox Brenna B. , Reisinger Erica M. , Skriner Laura C. , Adams Danielle R. , Stewart Rebecca , Hadley Trevor , Beidas Rinad S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCommunity–academic partnerships(CAPs) are a critical component of implementing and sustaining evidence‐based practices (EBPs) in community settings; however, the approaches used and mechanisms of change within CAPs have not been rigorously studied. The first step to advancing the science of CAP is to operationally define and contextualize the approaches used in CAP as part of the implementation process. Our research group has gleaned valuable lessons about the best ways to develop, support, and nurture community partnerships within the context of implementation. In this article, we share these lessons learned and relate them to implementation strategies that are most relevant to community‐partnered implementation endeavors. The implementation strategies most relevant to CAPs are as follows: (a) building a coalition, (b) conducting local consensus discussions, (c) identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation, (d) facilitating interactive problem solving, (e) using an advisory board or workgroup, (f) tailoring strategies, (g) promoting adaptability, and (h) auditing and providing feedback. We offer suggestions for future research to systematically evaluate these strategies, with an eye toward advancing the science of CAP and implementation science and the goal of guiding future research and improving the implementation of EBPs in community settings.
Ultrastructure of sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps of the adult Xylotrechus grayii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Zhu Xiu , Qiao Haili , Liu Sai , Xu Changqing , Xu Rong , Zhan Wenhui , Li Jianling , Guo Kun , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe longhorn beetle, Xylotrechus grayii (White, 1855), is a serious woodborer pest of many economic and medicinal plants. The maxillary and labial palps of X. grayii adults are strongly involved in mating and host selection behaviors. To further develop control strategies of the pest, sensilla on the palps were studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Five types of sensilla (nine subtypes) were identified: sensilla styloconica (four subtypes, Sty1‐4), sensilla chaetica (2 subtypes, SC1‐2), sensilla digitiformia (Di), sensilla basiconica (Ba), and Böhm sensilla (Bm). Sty and Ba have dendrites and wall pores. SC2 has a tubular body. Di exist only on the terminal segment of the maxillary palp. Sty numbers are the highest in both palps, followed by SC. The number of sensilla in the maxillary palp is significantly higher than that in the labial palp. There are no significant sexual differences in sensilla types, characteristics, distribution, and quantity in the maxillary or labial palps, except for the number of SC sensilla on the maxillary palp. Sensilla functions were compared with correlative sensilla in previous studies. Sty may be sense gustation and olfaction stimulation, while SC are mechanoreceptors. Ba are likely thermo‐ and hygroreceptors. The phylliform depression area formed by Di may exert multiple functions. Bm may sense palp position and movement. These results contribute to the study of the electrophysiology and behavior mechanisms of X. grayii.
Human adaptations to climatic change in Liguria across the Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition
Authors: Riel‐Salvatore Julien , Negrino Fabio 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThere has been much focus on the disruptive effects of dramatic climatic shifts on Paleolithic population dynamics, but the topic of cultural continuity across such events has been less intensely investigated, despite its importance to the way archeologists think about the ways humans have interacted with their environment in the past. This paper presents data from western Liguria (Italy) and especially the site of Riparo Bombrini, to investigate the nature of the apparent resilience of the Proto‐Aurignacian technocomplex in the face of the Phlegrean Fields super‐eruption ca. 40 000 cal a BP and the general climatic instability during Marine Isotope Stage 3. While the Proto‐Aurignacian shows some internal variability that could reflect an adaptation to changing environmental conditions, overall it remains very stable in terms of its techno‐typology and social geography across these events. Additionally, the radiocarbon chronology for the site clearly shows that the Proto‐Aurignacian outlasts both the super‐eruption and Heinrich Event 4 as a whole, by as much as 2000 years. Comparisons with the regional Mousterian record indicate that the Proto‐Aurignacian marks the advent of a new way for humans to respond to climatic change, which opens up new avenues to reflect on the disappearance of the Mousterian.