bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative magnesium levels in total thyroidectomy and relationship to hypocalcemia
Authors: Brophy Catherine , Woods Robbie , Murphy Matthew S. , Sheahan Patrick 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously shown an association between hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy. However, little is known regarding the trend in magnesium levels in the days after thyroidectomy. Our objective was to study this trend in magnesium levels after thyroidectomy.MethodsRetrospective review of 173 thyroidectomies with analysis of calcium and magnesium levels on postoperative day 1 (POD1) and POD2.ResultsAcross the whole group, there was a highly significant decline in magnesium levels between preoperative (0.87 ± 0.06 mmol/L), POD1 (0.80 ± 0.07 mmol/L), and POD2 (0.78 ± 0.08 mmol/L) (P < .0001). The magnitudes of the magnesium level declines were significantly higher, and the absolute magnesium levels on POD1 and POD2 significantly lower, in patients developing hypocalcemia (n = 69).ConclusionMagnesium levels after total thyroidectomy demonstrate a downward trajectory which persists through POD2 and is highly correlated with hypocalcemia. Further study is required to determine if magnesium replacement can alter the course of hypocalcemia in hypocalcemic patients after total thyroidectomy.
Treatments used for obsessive–compulsive disorder—An international perspective
Authors: Brakoulias Vlasios , Starcevic Vladan , Albert Umberto , Arumugham Shyam Sundar , Bailey Brenda E. , Belloch Amparo , Borda Tania , Dell'Osso Liliana , Elias Jason A. , Falkenstein Martha J. , Ferrao Ygor A. , Fontenelle Leonardo F. , Jelinek Lena , Kalogeraki Leto , Kay Brian , Laurito Luana D. , Lochner Christine , Maina Giuseppe , Marazziti Donatella , Martin Andrew , Matsunaga Hisato , Miguel Euripedes C. , Morgado Pedro , Mourikis Irakis , Pasquini Massimo , Perez Rivera Rodrigo , Potluri Sriramya , Reddy Janardhan Y.C. , Riemann Brian C. , do Rosario Maria Conceição , Shavitt Roseli G. , Stein Dan J. , Viswasam Kirupumani , Wang Zhen , Fineberg Naomi A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to characterise international trends in the use of psychotropic medication, psychological therapies, and novel therapies used to treat obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodsResearchers in the field of OCD were invited to contribute summary statistics on the characteristics of their samples. Consistency of summary statistics across countries was evaluated.ResultsThe study surveyed 19 expert centres from 15 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States) providing a total sample of 7,340 participants. Fluoxetine (n = 972; 13.2%) and fluvoxamine (n = 913; 12.4%) were the most commonly used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications. Risperidone (n = 428; 7.3%) and aripiprazole (n = 415; 7.1%) were the most commonly used antipsychotic agents. Neurostimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, gamma knife surgery, and psychosurgery were used in less than 1% of the sample. There was significant variation in the use and accessibility of exposure and response prevention for OCD.ConclusionsThe variation between countries in treatments used for OCD needs further evaluation. Exposure and response prevention is not used as frequently as guidelines suggest and appears difficult to access in most countries. Updated treatment guidelines are recommended.
A scale‐invariant property of the water retention curve in weakly heterogeneous vadose zones
Authors: Severino Gerardo , De Bartolo Samuele 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAbrupt changes of hydraulic properties in a vadose zone are modelled within a stochastic framework, which regards the saturated conductivity and parameters related to the distribution of soil pores as stationary, log‐normally distributed, random space functions. As a consequence, flow variables become random fields, and we aim at deriving an effective Richards equation. To obtain the latter, we adopt a perturbation expansion truncated at the first order (weakly heterogeneous media), which leads to the effective hydraulic conductivity and water retention curves. Overall, the effective properties are scale dependent. However, within the proposed framework, we demonstrate that the inflection point of the laboratory scale retention curve is not affected by the heterogeneity of the vadose zone. Finally, to illustrate the quantitative implications of our results, we consider a monitoring experiment at field scale, and we show how our approach leads to an effective water retention curve, which differs significantly from that which would be obtained without accounting for the above scale‐invariance property.
Nutritional evaluation on Lignosus cameronensis C. S. Tan, a medicinal Polyporaceae
Authors: Fung Shin Yee , Cheong Peter Chiew Hing , Tan Nget Hong , Ng Szu Ting , Tan Chon Seng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSclerotial powder of a cultivated species of the Tiger Milk Mushroom, Lignosus cameronensis was analysed for its nutritional components and compared against species of the same genus, Lignosus rhinocerus and Lignosus tigris. All three species have been used by indigenous tribes in Peninsular Malaysia as medicinal mushrooms. Content of carbohydrate, fibre, mineral, amino acid, palatable index, fat, ash and moisture were determined. L. cameronensis sclerotial material consists of carbohydrate (79.7%), protein (12.4%) and dietary fibre (5.4%) with low fat (1.7%) and no free sugar. It has the highest content of total carbohydrate (791 g kg−1), energy value (3,700 kcal kg−1) and calcium (0.85 g kg−1). The crude protein content (123 g kg−1) is comparable to that of L. rhinocerus with its main amino acids consisting of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and leucine. The umami index is determined to be 0.27. The total essential amino acid (45 g kg−1) is comparable to that of L. tigris. The main mineral is potassium (1.51 g kg−1) and the Na/K ratio was <0.6. Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic were absent. L. cameronensis has the highest amount of food energy, total carbohydrate and calcium compared to those of both L. rhinocerus and L. tigris. The essential amino acids comprised almost 40% of the total amino acid content, slightly more than that reported from sclerotial powder of the L. tigris. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 9999(9999):1–6, 2019
Influence of negative pressure wound therapy on peri‐prosthetic tissue vascularization and inflammation around porous titanium percutaneous devices
Authors: Pawar Divya R. L. , Jeyapalina Sujee , Hafer Kelli , Bachus Kent N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNegative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) has been shown to limit downgrowth around percutaneous devices in a guinea pig model. However, the influence of NPWT on peri‐prosthetic tissue characteristics leading to limited downgrowth is still unclear. In order to investigate this, 12 CD hairless rats were assigned into two groups, NPWT and Untreated (n = 6/group). Each animal was implanted with a porous coated titanium percutaneous device and was dressed with a gauze and semi‐occlusive base dressing. Post‐surgery, animals in the NPWT Group received a regimen of NPWT treatment (−70 to −90 mmHg). After 4 weeks, tissue was collected over the device and stained with CD31 and CD68 to quantify blood vessel density and inflammation, respectively. The device with the surrounding tissue was also collected to quantify downgrowth. NPWT treatment led to a 1.6‐fold increase in blood vessel densities compared to untreated tissues (p < 0.05). NPWT treatment also resulted in half the downgrowth as the Untreated Group, although not statistically significant (p = 0.19). Additionally, the results showed a trend toward increased CD68 cell densities in the NPWT Group compared to the Untreated Group (p = 0.09). These findings suggest that NPWT may influence wound healing responses in percutaneous devices by increasing blood vessel densities, limiting downgrowth and potentially increasing inflammation. Overall, NPWT may enhance tissue vascularity around percutaneous devices, especially in patients with impaired wound healing. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2091–2101, 2019.
Effect of the CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 on remyelination of corpus callosum in a cuprizone‐induced demyelination mouse model
Authors: Tahmasebi Fatemeh , Pasbakhsh Parichehr , Mortezaee Keywan , Madadi Soheila , Barati Shirin , Kashani Iraj Ragerdi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Despite introducing multiple immunomodulatory approaches for MS, there are still major concerns about possible ways for improving remyelination in this disease. Microglia exert essential roles in regulation of myelination processes, and interaction between colony‐stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) with its receptor CSF1R is considered as a key regulator of microglial differentiation and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate possible roles for a CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 in recovery of central myelination processes. Chronic demyelination was induced in mice by addition of 0.2% cuprizone to the chow for 12 weeks. Next, animals were undergoing a diet containing 290 mg/kg PLX3397 to induce microglial ablation. The PLX3397 treatment caused a significant decrease in the rate of expression for the CSF1/CSF1R axis, and a reduction in the protein expressions for the microglial marker Iba‐1 and for the oligodendrocyte marker Olig‐2. Findings from Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed an increase in the rate of myelination for the mice receiving PLX3397. The rate of destruction in the nerve fibers and the extent of the gaps formed between layers of myelin sheaths was also reduced after the treatment with PLX3397. In addition, animals experienced an improvement in recovery of motor deficit after receiving PLX3397 (for all P < 0.05). It could be concluded that PLX3397 could retain myelination in the MS model possibly through regulation of the myelin environment.
LINC01857 as an oncogene regulates CREB1 activation by interacting with CREBBP in breast cancer
Authors: Xiong Youyi , Gu Yuanting , Wang Fang , Li Lin , Zhu Mingzhi , Wang Nan , Mi Hailong , Qiu Xinguang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBreast cancer is a one of the most malignant threats among women worldwide. However, the mechanism underlying breast cancer development remains unclear. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to participate in breast cancer. Whether lncRNA LINC01857 is involved in breast cancer requires investigation. In this study, we found that LINC01857 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cells (p < 0.05). High LINC01857 expression predicted poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Functionally, LINC01857 silencing impaired proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of breast cancer cells (
p < 0.05). Decreased LINC01857 inhibited breast cancer cells migration and invasion ability (
p < 0.05). In terms of mechanism, LINC01857 promoted H3K27Ac deposition on CREB1 promoter and initiated its transcription by recruiting CREBBP. Overexpression of CREB1 reversed the biological behavior of breast cancer cells induced by LINC01857 silencing (
p < 0.05). Taken together, our findings demonstrated that LINC01857 promoted breast cancer development by promoting H3K27Ac and CREB1 transcription via enhancing CREBBP enrichment in the CREB1 promoter region.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor: A steroidogenic regulator of Leydig cells
Authors: Gao Shan , Chen Shuxiong , Chen Lu , Zhao Yun , Sun Liting , Cao Maosheng , Huang Yuwen , Niu Qiaoge , Wang Fengge , Yuan Chenfeng , Li Chunjin , Zhou Xu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was first recognized for its roles in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and its complex functions on mammalian organs have been extended constantly. However, to date, little is known about its effects on the male reproductive system, including the steroidogenesis of mammals. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of BDNF on testosterone generation of Leydig cells and the underlying mechanisms. We found that BDNF‐induced proliferation of TM3 Leydig cells via upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (
Pcna) and promoted testosterone generation as a result of upregulation of
steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (
Star),
3b‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (
Hsd3b1), and
cytochrome P450 side‐chain cleavage enzyme (
Cyp11a1) both in primary Leydig cells and TM3 Leydig cells, which were all attenuated in Bdnf knockdown TM3 Leydig cells. Furthermore, the possible mechanism of testosterone synthesis was explored in TM3 Leydig cells. The results showed that BDNF enhanced extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and the effect was disrupted by
Bdnf deletion. Moreover, PD98059, a potent selective inhibitor of ERK1/2 activation, compromised BDNF‐induced testosterone generation and upregulation of
Star,
Hsd3b1, and
Cyp11a1. The
Bdnf knockdown assay, on the other hand, indicated the autocrine effect of BDNF on steroidogenesis in TM3 Leydig cells. On the basis of these results, we concluded that BDNF, acting as an autocrine factor, induced testosterone generation as a result of the upregulation of
Star,
Hsd3b1, and
Cyp11a1 via stimulation of the ERK1/2 pathway.
Shedding light on the EpCAM: An overview
Authors: Yahyazadeh Mashhadi Seyed Muhammad , Kazemimanesh Monireh , Arashkia Arash , Azadmanesh Kayhan , Meshkat Zahra , Golichenari Behrouz , Sahebkar Amirhosein 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a Type I transmembrane superficial glycoprotein antigen that is expressed on the surface of basolateral membrane of multiple epithelial cells with some exceptions such as epidermal keratinocytes, hepatocytes, thymic cortical epithelial cells, squamous stratified epithelial cells, and myoepithelial cells that do not express the molecule. The molecule plays a pivotal role in the structural integrity, adhesion of the epithelial tissues and their interaction with the underlying layers. EpCAM prevents claudin‐7 and claudin‐1 molecules from degradation, thereby, decreasing the number of tight junctions and cellular interconnections, and promoting the cells toward carcinogenic transformation. Moreover, the mutations in the EpCAM gene lead to congenital tufting enteropathy, severe intestinal epithelium homeostasis disorders, and Lynch and Lynch syndrome. Overexpression of EpCAM on stem cells of some cancers and the presence of this molecule on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) makes it a promising candidate for cancer diagnosis as well as tracing and isolation of CTCs.
Comparison of biomechanical characteristics in treatment of distal humerus fracture using different fixation plates: A finite element study
Authors: Zhong Hua , Ma Limin , Wang Ming , Huang Yan , Zhou Ye , Chen Lingling , Chen Guangmou , Li Jianwei , Chen Jin , Zhang Yu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWith the development of digital technology of orthopedics, personalized plate has been applied to treat different kinds of fractures. However, no studies of personalized implants in the treatment of distal humeral fractures have been reported. Therefore, we design a personalized anatomical locking plate (DPALP) to treat distal humerus fracture of adult. The model of humerus and personalized plate and traditional Y‐shaped compression plate (YCP) was built and analyzed by finite element method. We found that peak value of stress of humerus fixed by YCP is higher than that of DPALP, and the peak value of stress of screws used in DPALP group is higher than that of YCP. Meanwhile, peak of displacement of YCP is higher than that of DPALP, and the peak value of displacement of humerus bone is higher than that of YCP. The patient with DPALP had a good clinical outcome (83) evaluated with Broberg and Morrey Score. Our results show that DPALP and YCP could get similar mechanical and clinical results for distal humorous intra‐articular fractures, and stress distribution of DPALP group is more balanced, and it takes less time in the operation. Furthermore, DPALP can perfectly fit the humeri and achieve the anatomical reduction. In general, DPALP is more suitable for patients with intra‐articular complicated fractures. Our findings will benefit clinicians treating distal humeral fractures and provide an alternative option.
Patient decision‐making and the role of the prenatal genetic counselor: An exploratory study
Authors: Salema Diane , Townsend Anne , Austin Jehannine 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite much theory about how genetic counseling facilitates prenatal decision‐making, there are limited data regarding patients’ perceptions of the process and the role of the genetic counselor (GC). Our aim in this study was to explore patients’ perceptions of their prenatal genetic counseling session, with a focus on their relationship with their GC and how factors inside and outside the session influenced their decision‐making about amniocentesis. We performed a qualitative study with patients who had seen a GC after maternal serum screening revealed an increased risk for aneuploidy. Semistructured interviews were transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a constant comparative method. To complement and triangulate with these data, we used a secondary quantitative measure—the 6‐item Satisfaction With Decision‐making (SWD) scale, and questionnaires completed by participants’ GCs. Eleven patients participated and four predominant themes emerged from our data: (1) being unprepared; (2) recognizing responsibility for decision‐making; (3) the burden of responsibility; and (4) the impact of support through affirmation. Despite the underlying tension within these themes, patients reported high satisfaction with their decisions (SWD mean score = 28.5/30, range: 26–30). Patients perceived their GCs to be nonbiased yet supportive in the decision‐making process. Patients described feeling affirmed, but not swayed in their decision.
Indigenous Peoples and genomics: Starting a conversation
Authors: Morgan Jenny , Coe Rachel R. , Lesueur Rochelle , Kenny Ruth , Price Roberta , Makela Nancy , Birch Patricia H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCompared to European ancestral groups, Indigenous Canadians are more likely to have uninterpretable genome‐wide sequencing results due to non‐representation in reference databases. We began a conversation with Indigenous Canadians to raise awareness and give voice to this issue. We co‐created a video explaining genomic non‐representation that included diverse Indigenous view‐points. We audio‐recorded the focus groups including 30 First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals living in Greater Vancouver. After watching an introductory video explaining genomic testing, participants discussed issues surrounding collecting Indigenous genomic data, its control, and usage. Transcripts were analyzed, and participants’ quotes representing main themes were incorporated into the introductory video. Indigenous participants discussed data interpretation and gave approval for quote usage. The 20 participants who provided feedback concurred with the thematic interpretation: Systemic racism interlaced most conversations, particularly within the theme of trust. Themes of governance emphasized privacy and fear of discrimination. Some participants thought a separate, Indigenous‐controlled database was essential; others recognized advantages of international databases. The theme of implementation included creative ideas to collect Indigenous genomes, but prior approval from Indigenous leaders was emphasized. The final video (https://youtu.be/-wivIBDjoi8) was shared with participants to use as they wish to promote awareness and ongoing discussion of genomic diagnostic inequity.
A compounded encoding and decoding algorithm for product tracing based on the information‐grayscale matrix
Authors: Wan Guo Chun , Liu Wen Jing , Xia Zi Wei , Tong Mei Song 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a compounded encoding and decoding algorithm based on the information‐grayscale matrix. Generally, it is very difficult to track the original information in the circulation of commodity. This algorithm is aimed to be applied to product tracing, especially fast‐moving consumer goods (FMCG). According to the traceability requirements of product information, we construct the structure of basic information code with information bits and check bits. The encoded information can be mapped into an information matrix through visible and invisible processes after extending the matrix, and we generate the corresponding grayscale matrix by calculating the relationship between the four‐dimensional matrices of each matrix cell. It is the information‐grayscale matrix that forms our product traceability information matrix. When the matrix is damaged in logistics transportation, we can get very high matrix information recovery rate through the decoding algorithm of the information‐grayscale matrix including self‐recovery, cross recovery, mutual recovery, and iteration; finally, the 2 × DA + DC structure can obtain 85% recovery rate when the damage rate reaches 70% for 10 million data volumes, and it can be extended into various structures. In addition, the algorithm can achieve a good balance between encoding rate and recovery rate and can be extended into different structures.
Determination of liquid egg composition using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Uysal Reyhan S , Mentes Yilmaz Ozay , Boyaci Ismail H 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of liquid whole egg (LWE) in the food industry as a substitute for shell eggs has been on the increase lately. Since the composition of LWE can easily be changed, determination of protein, lipid, moisture and total soluble solid (TSS) contents of LWE has also gained importance. Traditional methods usually require more time and effort, and the use of toxic chemicals for sample preparation; hence more efficient techniques (faster, cheaper and more reliable) are needed. In this regard, a novel technique that determines LWE components using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy with partial least squares regression (PLS) is presented in this study.RESULTSThe actual values of LWE components were determined by applying reference methods. The accuracy of the PLS model was demonstrated by comparing the obtained predictions with the actual values of the components. High coefficients of determination values, which are 0.950, 0.992, 0.994 and 0.972, were achieved for protein, lipid, moisture, and TSS validation datasets, respectively. The error values, namely RMSEC, RMSECV and RMSEP, were obtained in the ranges 0.404–0.978, 0.57–1.82 and 0.83–1.84, respectively.CONCLUSIONSATR‐FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics can provide a rapid and sensitive method for quality control of liquid egg composition. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry