bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR‐340 suppresses the metastasis by targeting EphA3 in cervical cancer
Authors: Xiao Hemei , Yu Lijie , Li Fengdan , Wang Haili , Li Wenxiu , He Xinxia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in cervical cancer metastasis progression. Accumulated evidences have revealed that miRNAs are related to the pathophysiological process. However, the role of miR‐340 in cervical cancer and how it works is still not fully interpreted. Using qRT‐PCR to examine the expression of miR‐340 in cervical cancer tissues. Transwell migration and invasion experiments were used to detect the role of miR‐340 in migration and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay, qRT‐PCR, and Western blot were used to detect the relationship between miR‐340 and EphA3. Using Transwell migration and invasion experiments to investigate the role of EphA3 on migration and invasion. Restoration expriments were also performed. Western blot was used to assay the influence of miR‐340 and EphA3 on EMT. We found that miR‐340 was downregulated in cervical cancer tissues compared with the normal tissues. Transwell migration and invasion experiments indicated that overexpression of miR‐340 frequently inhibited the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. EphA3 is a target of miR‐340, and ectopic expression of EphA3 can promote the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells, whereas restoration of EphA3 in miR‐340‐overexpressing cervical cancer cells reversed the suppressive effects of miR‐340. What's more, the process of migration and invasion which regulated by miR‐340/EphA3 was depended on adjusting the EMT way. These findings indicate that miR‐340 may act as an anti‐tumor factor during the process of tumor metastasis through targeting EphA3, suggesting that miR‐340 might be a potential new diagnostic and therapeutic molecule for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Dynamics and Rigidity of an Intact Filamentous Bacteriophage Virus Probed by Magic Angle Spinning NMR
Authors: Aharoni Tom , Goldbourt Amir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe capsid dynamics of filamentous bacteriophages is related to their function, stability, and interactions with the genome, and can be assessed by measuring the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) of 15N amides, which are sensitive to large amplitude motions. In this study, CSA recoupling experiments under magic‐angle spinning NMR were used to probe the dynamics of the y21m capsid mutant of fd bacteriophage. Based on fitting the generated CSA lineshapes, residues located in the N‐terminus undergo increased motional amplitudes suggesting its global motion, whereas other backbone residues are rigid, and imply a tight hydrophobic packing of the phage.
Majority‐Rules Effect and Allostery in Molecular Recognition of Calix[4]arene‐Based Triple‐Stranded Metallohelicates
Authors: Yamasaki Yutaro , Shio Hidemi , Amimoto Tomoko , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe triple‐stranded metallohelicates1 a,/1 b–3 a/3 bpossessing internal guest binding cavities surrounded by calix[4]arene units were synthesized through coordination‐driven self‐assembly. UV/Vis titration experiments verified that the metallohelicates encapsulatedN‐methyl pyridinium cations bearing amino acid groups to form host–guest complexes. The guest chirality was transferred to the helicity of the helicates through the steric contact between the stereogenic center of the amino acid group and the metal cores. The (M) helicity was induced when guests the (R)‐4‐‐(R)‐6were accommodated within the cavities. The multiple guest complexation within the self‐assembled helicates2 aand3 adisplayed large positive cooperative effects, indicating that the first guest complexation preorganizes the rest of the cavities to facilitate a subsequent guest binding. This cooperativity results in the majority‐rules effect in the chiral guest binding for2 aand3 a.
BIII 5‐Arylsubporphyrins and BIII Subporphine
Authors: Kise Koki , Yoshida Kota , Kotani Ryota , Shimizu Daiki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBoron(III) 5‐arylsubporphyrins and BIII subporphine are promising precursors for functional BIII subporphyrins bearing asymmetric meso‐substituents. Herein, we report the first synthesis of these molecules. Among many aryl acid chlorides examined, 4‐nitrobenzoyl chloride gave BIII 5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)subporphyrin in 10 % yield in condensation with triethylamine‐tri‐N‐tripyrromethene‐borane. The nitro group of this BIII subporphyrin was reduced with NaBH4 to prepare BIII 5‐(aminophenyl)subporphyrin, which was converted into BIII 5‐phenylsubporphyrin via the corresponding diazonium salt. BIII subporphine was synthesized by condensation of triethyl orthoformate with triethylamine‐tri‐N‐tripyrromethene‐borane. Progressive removal of meso‐phenyl substituents leads to continuous changes in the optical properties, whereas the BIII subporphine deviates from this trend in some properties.
Chiral syntheses of methyl (R)‐2‐Sulfanylcarboxylic esters and acids with optical purity determination using HPLC
Authors: Sasaki Ryosuke , Tanabe Yoo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAccessible chiral syntheses of 3 types of (R)‐2‐sulfanylcarboxylic esters and acids were performed: (R)‐2‐sulfanylpropanoic (thiolactic) ester (53%, 98%ee) and acid (39%, 96%ee), (R)‐2‐sulfanylsucciinic diester (59%, 96%ee), and (R)‐2‐mandelic ester (78%, 90%ee) and acid (59%, 96%ee). The present practical and robust method involves (i) clean SN2 displacement of methanesulfonates of (S)‐2‐hydroxyesters by using commercially available AcSK with tris(2‐[2‐methoxyethoxy])ethylamine and (ii) sufficiently mild deacetylation. The optical purity was determined by the corresponding (2R,5R)‐trans‐thiazolidin‐4‐one and (2S,5R)‐cis‐thiazolidin‐4‐one derivatives based on accurate high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis with high‐resolution efficiency. Compared with the reported method utilizing AcSCs (generated from AcSH and CsCO3), the present method has several advantages, that is, the use of odorless AcCOSK reagent, reasonable reaction velocity, isolation procedure, and accurate, reliable optical purity determination.The use of accessible AcSK has advantages because of easy‐to‐handle odorless and hygroscopic solid that can be used in a bench‐top procedure. The Ti(OiPr)4 catalyst promoted smooth trans‐cyclo‐condensation to afford (2R,5R)‐trans‐thiazolidin‐4‐one formation of (R)‐2‐sulfanylcarboxylic esters with available N‐(benzylidene)methylamine under neutral conditions without any racemization, whereas (2S,5R)‐cis‐thiazollidin‐4‐ones were obtained via cis‐cyclo‐condensation and no catalysts. Direct high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of methyl (R)‐mandelate was also performed; however, the resolution efficiency was inferior to that of the thaizolidin‐4‐one derivatizations.
Managing work and cancer treatment: Experiences among survivors of hematological cancer
Authors: Thomson Maria D. , Siminoff Laura A. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDThe current study was performed to characterize the employment status of survivors of hematological cancer who have an informal caregiver from the time of diagnosis through the first 6 months of treatment.METHODSUsing a mixed methods approach, semistructured interviews with survivors of hematological cancer were conducted within 6 months of the initiation of cancer treatment. Interviews assessed cancer treatment status, barriers and facilitators to employment, financial and insurance status, and relationship with the primary caregiver. These results are part of a longitudinal study of cancer survivors and informal caregivers.RESULTSA total of 171 patients were enrolled. Within 6 months of beginning cancer treatments, approximately 35% were no longer employed. Reasons to remain employed included financial need, employee benefits, and a sense of purpose and normalcy. Employer accommodations and supportive colleagues facilitated continued employment. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that having a higher household income, a desire to work, nonphysical job tasks, and congruent survivor‐caregiver communication were associated with greater odds of remaining employed.CONCLUSIONSWithin 6 months of initiating cancer treatment, the majority of survivors of hematological cancer had maintained employment. Because of the limitations imposed by the physical stress of cancer treatments, as well as the need to maintain employment to continue receiving employee benefits to cover such treatments, survivors of hematological cancer likely would benefit from employment accommodations that are sensitive to their unique needs. Cancer 2018;124:2824‐2831. © 2018 American Cancer Society
Racial disparities in postmastectomy breast reconstruction: National trends in utilization from 2005 to 2014
Authors: Epstein Sherise , Tran Bao N. , Cohen Justin B. , Lin Samuel J. , Singhal Dhruv , Lee Bernard T. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDEvidence of racial disparities in the receipt of postmastectomy breast reconstruction is well documented. The objective of this study was to describe trends in racial disparities overall and by reconstructive technique.METHODSThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify women who underwent mastectomy and/or breast reconstruction from 2005 to 2014. Patient demographics were recorded, and cases were grouped by reconstructive status and technique. Trends were assessed with the Cochran‐Armitage test and the index of disparity.RESULTSOver the study period, 92,960 postmastectomy patients were identified (77,049 white women, 10,396 black women, 4939 Asian women, and 576 Native American women), of whom 46,931 underwent reconstruction. Of these, 7692 women underwent autologous reconstructions (3913 free flaps and 3696 pedicled flaps). From 2005 to 2014, receipt of breast reconstruction by postmastectomy patients rose from 33.2% to 60.0%, receipt of autologous reconstruction by patients who underwent breast reconstruction fell from 30.4% to 15.9%, and receipt of free‐flap reconstruction by patients who underwent autologous reconstruction rose from 15.0% to 70.8%. These trends were significant in all racial subgroups (P < .001), except for Native Americans (P = .269). The index of disparity decreased from 51.4% to 22.6% for overall receipt of breast reconstruction, decreased from 10.7% to 7.0% for tissue expander and implant‐based reconstruction, increased from 18.0% to 27.3% for autologous reconstruction, and decreased from 66.7% to 4.3% for free‐flap reconstruction.CONCLUSIONSThe use of postmastectomy breast reconstruction is steadily rising in the United States. Racial disparities persist, but progress has been made. Further efforts are needed to reduce racial disparities. Cancer 2018;124:2774‐2784. © 2018 American Cancer Society
Photon Yield Enhancement of Red Fluorophores at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Hulleman Christiaan N. , Li Weixing , Gregor Ingo , Rieger Bernd , Enderlein Jörg 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSingle Molecule Localization Microscopy has become one of the most successful and widely applied methods of Super‐resolution Fluorescence Microscopy. Its achievable resolution strongly depends on the number of detectable photons from a single molecule until photobleaching. By cooling a sample from room temperature down to liquid nitrogen temperatures, the photostability of dyes can be enhanced by more than 100 fold, which results in an improvement in localization precision greater than 10 times. Here, we investigate a variety of fluorescent dyes in the red spectral region, and we find an average photon yield between 3.5 ⋅ 106 to 11 ⋅ 106 photons before bleaching at liquid nitrogen temperatures, corresponding to a theoretical localization precision around 0.1 nm.
Leukocyte Isolation from Brain, Spinal Cord, and Meninges for Flow Cytometric Analysis
Authors: Manglani Monica , Gossa Selamawit , McGavern Dorian B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA continual dialogue exists between the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system that contributes to neural homeostasis as well as protection from microbes, repair following damage, autoimmune disease, and neurodegeneration. Characterization of resident and peripherally derived leukocyte populations within the central nervous system can provide valuable information regarding how these cells contribute to steady‐state and inflammatory conditions. Flow cytometry provides a method to conduct detailed multi‐parameter analyses of immune cells isolated from various tissues. This protocol provides a method to isolate leukocytes from brain, spinal cord, and meninges for flow cytometric analysis and provides a basic framework for phenotyping these cells. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Use of the Fluidigm C1 for RNA Expression Analyses of Single Cells
Authors: DeLaughter Daniel M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the transcriptional heterogeneity that occurs on the level of a single cell is critical to understanding the gene‐regulatory mechanisms underlying development and disease. Population‐level whole‐transcriptome profiling approaches average gene expression across thousands to millions of cells and are unable to delineate the transcriptional signature of individual cells. Considerable biological heterogeneity between individual cells arises from differences in cell lineage, environment, or response to stimulus. The development of single‐cell RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) enabled a high‐resolution and unbiased analysis of cell transcriptomes. This unit describes a procedure utilizing an automated microfluidic platform, the Fluidigm C1 system, to simultaneously isolate dozens of single cells in a size‐ and shape‐dependent manner. The microfluidic platform processes cells in individual nanoliter‐scale reactions to convert their contents into double‐stranded cDNA. This cDNA is used to make dual‐indexed libraries using the Illumina Nextera XT library preparation kit for eventual RNA‐seq analysis. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Barcoded HIV Ensembles (B‐HIVE) for Single Provirus Transcriptomics
Authors: Chen Heng‐Chang , Zorita Eduard , Filion Guillaume J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe latent HIV reservoir is the main barrier to curing AIDS, because infected cells escape the immune system and antiretroviral therapies. Developing new treatment strategies requires technologies to trace latent proviruses. Here, we describe a genome‐wide technique called Barcoded HIV Ensembles (B‐HIVE) to measure HIV expression at the single provirus level. The principle of B‐HIVE is to tag the genome of HIV with DNA barcodes to trace viral transcripts produced by single proviruses in an infected cell population. This in turn reveals which proviruses are active and which are latent or expressed at low level. B‐HIVE is a high‐throughput method to identify and quantify thousands of individual viral transcripts per round of infection. It can be applied in different conditions, characterizing the response of single proviruses to different treatments. Overall, B‐HIVE gives unprecedented insight into the expression of single proviruses in populations of HIV‐infected cells. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effect of tea consumption on the steroid profile
Authors: Coll Sergi , Matabosch Xavier , Garrostas Lorena , Monfort Nuria , Perez‐Maña Clara , Pizarro Nieves , Mateus Julián A. , Ezzel Mohammed , de la Torre Rafael , Ventura Rosa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGreen tea (GT), along with its flavonol epigallocatechin−3‐gallate (EGCG), has shown to inhibit the UGT2B17 isoenzyme, which is highly involved in the glucuronidation of testosterone (T) and its metabolites. Since the steroid profile (SP) is composed of urinary concentrations of T and related metabolites excreted in both the free and the glucuronide fractions, GT consumption could alter the SP, leading to misunderstanding in doping controls. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of GT consumption on the SP. This study was performed with 29 male volunteers, which could be classified in 2 arms depending on their T/E values (0.12 ± 0.02, n = 12; 1.64 ± 0.90, n = 17). The clinical protocol was designed to evaluate the effect of GT administration on the SP biomarkers. Participants were asked to consume GT with a high content of EGCG for 7 days (5 GT beverages along the whole day for days 1–6 and 9 GT beverages on day 7, corresponding to 520 and 936 mg/day of EGCG, respectively). Urine samples were collected before and during GT consumption at different time periods. The SP was measured using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The excretion rates of the SP metabolites did not change after GT consumption. Moreover, the individual evaluation of the subject's steroidal biological passport resulted in normal sequences. The results obtained show that GT consumption does not distort the establishment of normal ranges of SP parameters. Therefore, GT consumption does not need to be considered a confounding factor in the SP evaluation.
Ecological niche modeling re‐examined: A case study with the Darwin's fox
Authors: Escobar Luis E. , Qiao Huijie , Cabello Javier , Peterson A. Townsend 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMany previous studies have attempted to assess ecological niche modeling performance using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) approaches, even though diverse problems with this metric have been pointed out in the literature. We explored different evaluation metrics based on independent testing data using the Darwin's Fox (Lycalopex fulvipes) as a detailed case in point. Six ecological niche models (ENMs; generalized linear models, boosted regression trees, Maxent, GARP, multivariable kernel density estimation, and NicheA) were explored and tested using six evaluation metrics (partial ROC, Akaike information criterion, omission rate, cumulative binomial probability), including two novel metrics to quantify model extrapolation versus interpolation (E‐space index I) and extent of extrapolation versus Jaccard similarity (E‐space index II). Different ENMs showed diverse and mixed performance, depending on the evaluation metric used. Because ENMs performed differently according to the evaluation metric employed, model selection should be based on the data available, assumptions necessary, and the particular research question. The typical ROC AUC evaluation approach should be discontinued when only presence data are available, and evaluations in environmental dimensions should be adopted as part of the toolkit of ENM researchers. Our results suggest that selecting Maxent ENM based solely on previous reports of its performance is a questionable practice. Instead, model comparisons, including diverse algorithms and parameterizations, should be the sine qua non for every study using ecological niche modeling. ENM evaluations should be developed using metrics that assess desired model characteristics instead of single measurement of fit between model and data. The metrics proposed herein that assess model performance in environmental space (i.e., E‐space indices I and II) may complement current methods for ENM evaluation.
New Directions for Evaluative Thinking
Authors: Vo Anne T. , Archibald Thomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe editors identify and synthesize salient themes on the topic of evaluative thinking that emerged throughout the chapters of this volume. In particular, they address three questions: (1) In what ways has this volume broadened and deepened our collective understanding of evaluative thinking? (2) What new directions of inquiry and action regarding evaluative thinking does this volume orient us toward? and (3) What are the implications of this collection of work for the evaluation field?
Values and Culture in Evaluative Thinking: Insights from Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Wehipeihana Nan , McKegg Kate 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEvaluative thinking as currently discussed in evaluation literature is relatively “culture free” in spite of the well‐known connection between values and culture. This chapter reviews the adequacy of applying dominant ways of knowing to evaluative thinking and reasoning in indigenous contexts. Through a case example, it explores how indigenous knowledge systems might influence our conceptions of evaluative thinking, and discusses the potential for the convergence and coexistence of diverse knowledge paradigms for evaluative thinking to better serve the needs and aspirations of indigenous communities.
Toward a Conceptual Understanding of Evaluative Thinking
Authors: Vo Anne T. , Schreiber Jacob S. , Martin Ashley 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis chapter offers a retrospective analysis of literature related to evaluative thinking. The study was conducted to improve conceptual understandings of the topic through a systematic review of sources published from 1960 to 2016. Using manual, keyword, and proximity search strategies, the authors identified and thematically coded 220 records to create a conceptual model of evaluative thinking. This conceptual model consists of four key thematic domains (Values, Valuing, Cognition, and Application) that constitute evaluative thinking as reflected in the literature to date. Each is discussed in detail, and the implications of this model for the professionalization of the field and practice of evaluation are considered.
Identification of flavour and fragrance constituents
Authors: Bicchi Carlo , Chaintreau Alain , Joulain Daniel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe present recommendations describe the criteria required for a publication in Flavour and Fragrance Journal to identify the volatile and non‐volatile constituents of flavours, fragrances, extracts, and essential oils. Notably, the journal has adopted the ‘Statement on the identification in nature of flavouring substances’ made by the International Organization of the Flavor Industry (IOFI).
Collisions in shape memory alloys
Authors: Frémond Michel , Marino Michele , Rocca Elisabetta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe present here a model for instantaneous collisions in a solid made of shape memory alloys (SMA) by means of a predictive theory which is based on the introduction not only of macroscopic velocities and temperature, but also of microscopic velocities responsible of the austenite‐martensites phase changes. Assuming time discontinuities for velocities, volume fractions and temperature, and applying the principles of thermodynamics for non‐smooth evolutions together with constitutive laws typical of SMA, we end up with a system of nonlinearly coupled elliptic equations for which we prove an existence and uniqueness result in the 2 and 3 D cases. Finally, we also present numerical results for a SMA 2D solid subject to an external percussion by a hammer stroke.