bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmitter power control for a multicarrier visible light communication system
Authors: Kamwangala Christian , Cox Mitchell A. , Cheng Ling 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHigher bandwidth becomes a major challenge in the development and implementation of visible light communication systems as transmission rates increase. One way of increasing bandwidth is through wavelength division multiplexing in multicarrier systems that use red, green, and blue light‐emitting diodes to produce white light. However, these systems often suffer from low performance as a result of crosstalk interference, mainly caused by the imperfect nature of optical filters used to discriminate between the colors. This paper demonstrates the use of centralized transmitter power control to predict the trends in the performance of a multicarrier visible light communication system that employs red and blue light emitting diodes. We have shown that, using a model that takes into consideration the effects of optical filters used for detection of colors at the receiver, one is able to predict the trends in the overall system's performance. This enables us to adequately determine the optimal power levels in the red and blue channels, which will result in the best overall performance of the system. Our model can be used in the design and implementation of multicarrier systems to minimize the crosstalk, which improves the performance, and lead to efficient higher bandwidth. The model is first implemented in computer simulations and then tested on an experimental set‐up to validate the results.
Obstacles to the development of the organic food market in Poland and the possible directions of growth
Authors: Jarczok‐Guzy Magdalena 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe general purpose of the work was to assess the development of the organic food market in Poland and to indicate the reasons for the limited development of this market from the marketing point of view. To carry out the research, a survey has been conducted on a sample of consumers to check the attitude of Polish consumers to organic food and to the marketing elements associated with this food. Consumers’ knowledge about this food in Poland and shopping habits have also been examined. The reasons for the limited development of this market in Poland have also been diagnosed. The survey conducted on a sample of consumers shows that almost all the people (94%) have heard about organic food but the reason for the lack of interest in organic food by the consumer is ignorance about its labeling (20%) and high prices (48%). The research has been made on 1159 customers from Silesian Voivodeship. In selection, the snowball method has been used as a selection method, then the statistical analyze has been made with using Excel.
Fracture Risk in Dialysis and Kidney Transplanted Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sidibé Aboubacar , Auguste David , Desbiens Louis‐Charles , Fortier Catherine , Wang Yue Pei , Jean Sonia , Moore Lynne , Mac‐Way Fabrice 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of fracture and cardiovascular mortality. The risk of fracture in hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and kidney transplant (KT) patients is higher when compared with the general population. However, there exists a knowledge gap concerning which group has the highest risk of fracture. We aimed to compare the risk of fracture in HD, PD, and KT populations. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies evaluating the risk of fracture in HD, PD, or KT patients. Eligible studies were searched using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from their inception to January 2016, and in grey literature. Incidences (cumulative and rate) of fracture were described together using the median, according to fracture sites, the data source (administrative database or cohort and clinical registry), and fracture diagnosis method. Prevalence estimates were described separately. We included 47 studies evaluating the risk of fracture in HD, PD, and KT populations. In administrative database studies, incidence of hip fracture in HD (median 11.45 per 1000 person‐years [p‐y]), range: 9.3 to 13.6 was higher than in KT (median 2.6 per 1000 p‐y; range 1.5 to 3.8) or in PD (median 5.2 per 1000 p‐y; range 4.1 to 6.3). In dialysis (HD+PD), three studies reported a higher incidence of hip fracture than in KT. Prevalent vertebral fracture (assessed by X‐rays or questionnaire) reported in HD was in a similar range as that reported in KT. Incidence of overall fracture was similar in HD and KT, from administrative databases studies, but lower in HD compared with KT, from cohorts or clinical registry studies. This systematic review suggests an important difference in fracture risk between HD, PD, and KT population, which vary according to the diagnosis method for fracture identification. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Mechanical Loading of the Femoral Neck in Human Locomotion
Authors: Kersh Mariana E , Martelli Saulo , Zebaze Roger , Seeman Ego , Pandy Marcus G 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Advancing age and reduced loading are associated with a reduction in bone formation. Conversely, loading increases periosteal apposition and may reduce remodeling imbalance and slow age-related bone loss, an important outcome for the proximal femur, which is a common site of fracture. The ability to take advantage of bone's adaptive response to increase bone strength has been hampered by a lack of knowledge of which exercises and specific leg muscles load the superior femoral neck: a common region of microcrack initiation and progression following a sideways fall. We used an in vivo method of quantifying focal strains within the femoral neck in postmenopausal women during walking, stair ambulation, and jumping. Relative to walking, stair ambulation and jumping induced significantly higher strains in the anterior and superior aspects of the femoral neck, common regions of microcrack initiation and progression following a fall. The gluteus maximus, a hip extensor muscle, induced strains in the femoral neck during stair ambulation and jumping, in contrast to walking which induced strains via the iliopsoas, a hip flexor. The ground reaction force was closely associated with the level of strain during each task, providing a surrogate indicator of the potential for a given exercise to load the femoral neck. The gluteal muscles combined with an increased ground reaction force relative to walking induce high focal strains within the anterosuperior region of the femoral neck and therefore provide a target for exercise regimens designed to slow bone loss and maintain or improve microstructural strength. Model files used for calculating femoral neck strains are available at uitbl.mechse.illinois.edu/downloads © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Abstract
In vivo gait and computed tomography data were used to develop subject specific models (n = 20) of femoral strain during locomotive tasks. Stair usage increased strain, compared to walking, within the superior aspect of the femoral neck via use of the gluteal and vasti muscles.
Tsc1 Regulates the Balance Between Osteoblast and Adipocyte Differentiation Through Autophagy/Notch1/β-Catenin Cascade
Authors: Choi Han Kyoung , Yuan Hebao , Fang Fang , Wei Xiaoxi , Liu Lu , Li Qing , Guan Jun-Lin , Liu Fei 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

A reduction in trabecular bone mass is often associated with an increase in marrow fat in osteoporotic bones. The molecular mechanisms underlying this inverse correlation are incompletely understood. Here, we report that mice lacking tuberous sclerosis 1 (Tsc1) in Osterix-expressing cells had a significant decrease in trabecular bone mass characterized by decreased osteoblastogenesis, increased osteoclastogenesis, and increased bone marrow adiposity in vivo. In vitro study showed that Tsc1-deficient bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) had decreased proliferation, decreased osteogenic differentiation, and increased adipogenic differentiation in association with the downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mechanistically, TSC1 deficiency led to autophagy suppression and consequent Notch1 protein increase, which mediated the GSK3β-independent β-catenin degradation. Together, our results indicate that Tsc1 controls the balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation of BMSCs. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Orchestrating a biomarker panel with lncRNAs and mRNAs for predicting survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Yingcheng , Wei Jinhuan , Ming Yue , Chen Zhanghao , Yu Jinzhong , Mao Renfang , Chen Hao , Zhou Guoxiong , Fan Yihui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe low survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) makes the treatment of this disease one of the most challenging task in modern medicine. Here, by mining a large‐scale cancer genome atlas data set of pancreatic cancer tissues, we identified 21 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that significantly associated with overall survival in patients with PDAC (P < .01). Further analysis revealed that 8 lncRNAs turned out to be independently correlated with patients’ overall survival, and the risk score could be calculated based on their expression. To obtain a better predicting power, we integrated lncRNA data with a total of 410 differently expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) screened from PDAC and normal tissues in gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The integration resulted in a much better panel including 8 lncRNAs (RP3.470B24.5, CTA.941F9.9, RP11.557H15.3, LINC00960, AP000479.1, LINC00635, LINC00636, and AC073133.1) and 8 mRNAs (DHRS9, ONECUT1, OR8D4, MT1M, TCN1, MMP9, DPYSL3, and TTN) to predict prognosis. A functional evaluation showed that these lncRNAs might play roles in pancreatic secretion, cell adhesion, and proteolysis. Using normal and pancreatic cancer cell lines, we confirmed that a majority of identified lncRNAs and mRNAs showed altered expressions in pancreatic cancer cells. Especially, LINC01589, LINC00960, TCN1, and MT1M showed a profoundly increased expression in pancreatic cancer cells, which suggests their potentially important role in pancreatic cancer. The results of our work indicate that lncRNAs have vital roles in PADC and provide new insights to integrate multiple kinds of markers in clinical practices.
Character tables and the problem of existence of finite projective planes
Authors: Matolcsi Máté , Weiner Mihály 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe use the connection between positive definite functions and the character table of the symmetric group S6 to give a short new proof of the nonexistence of a finite projective plane of order 6. For higher orders, like 10 and 12, the method seems to be inconclusive as of now, but could be a basis of further research.
Enhance 4′‐epidaunorubicin production of engineering Streptomyces coeruleorubidus strains via both knockout of daunorubicin‐consuming enzymes dnrX and dnrU, and multiple copies of rate‐limiting enzyme aveBIV
Authors: Shao Lei , Chen Ji‐Ye , Zi Jia‐Chen , Chen Dai‐Jie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany natural anthracycline glycoside antibiotics (AGAs), e.g. daunorubicin, are widely used as anticancer drugs in clinical practice, and their biosynthesis have been extensively studied. Epirubicin is a semi‐synthesized derivative of daunorubicin, and more widely used in clinics due to its higher effectiveness and weaker toxicity than natural AGAs. However, the overall conversion rate of epirubicin from daunorubicin is only 15%. 4′‐Epidaunorubin is a crucial intermediate in semi‐synthesis of epirubicin from daunorubicin. Much effort has been made to establish combinatorial biosynthesis approaches for production of 4′‐epidaunorubin, and 93 mg L−1 is the highest titer so far achieved.RESULTSDaunorubicin‐producing Streptomyces coeruleorubidus SL‐7 were switched to 4′‐epidaunorubicin producer MSL201 by replacing dnmV with aveBIV. Then, continued to genetically modify MSL201 to increase production of 4′‐epidaunorubicin by in‐frame knockout of dnrU and dnrX which catalyze conversion of daunorubicin to (13s)‐13‐dihydrodaunorubicin and baumycin‐like compounds, respectively. The resulting strain MSL 203 was transformed by pSL206 containing a double aveBIV gene expression cassette to afford MSL 204, the 4′‐epidaunorubicin yield of which is 124.1 mg L−1, the highest yield of 4′‐epidaunorubicin ever obtained by fermentation methods.CONCLUSIONKnockout of the genes involved in consuming daunorubicin and increase of copy numbers of aveBIV gene can significantly improve the yield of 4′‐epidaunorubicin, giving the hitherto highest yield by a fermentation method. This result paves the way for commercial production of 4′‐epidaunorubicin via metabolic engineering approaches. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Nonlinear effects induced in the normalized ion density in a linear trap system for a large ion cloud
Authors: Pedrosa‐Rodriguez Laura , Outerelo D.A. , Diaz‐Otero Francisco J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this work, we design, by means of a non‐neutral plasma method, a linear trapping model for large ion clouds, which will become the core of an atomic clock. We first obtain the geometry and electromagnetic characteristics of the ion trap. We then perform a systematic analysis describing the main parameters of the ion cloud such as size, secular frequency, and ion number per unit length of temperature. The most appropriate operation point of the ion trap in a set of these specific parameters is evaluated, and a thorough discussion is performed about how minor perturbations introduced in these parameters affect, in a nonlinear response, the performance of the trapping system in sensibility, heating, and radiofrequency potential.
Primed N2O emission from native soil nitrogen: A 15N‐tracing laboratory experiment
Authors: Schleusner Philipp , Lammirato Carlo , Tierling Jens , Lebender Ulrike , Rütting Tobias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSoils can naturally be a source of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). By contrast, the largest anthropogenic source of N2O is the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on agricultural soil, but it is unclear if fertilizer‐supported N2O emission only originates from the fertilizer N directly or through additionally stimulated N2O production from native soil N. Even though native soil N also includes mineral N already in soil before fertilizer application, organic N is the principal native N pool and thereby provides for mineral N cycling and N2O emission. Here, we tested (1) the contribution of native soil N to N2O emission after mineral N fertilizer application and (2) whether it is affected by different soil organic matter (SOM) contents by conducting a laboratory 15N‐tracing experiment with agricultural soil from a long‐term field trial with two treatments. Both field treatments are fertilized with mineral N, whereas only one of the two receives liquid manure causing higher SOM content. Soil sampling was conducted in March 2016 shortly before fertilizer application in the field. The application of 15N‐labeled fertilizer more than doubled the N2O production from native N sources compared to the non‐fertilized control incubations. This primed N2O production contributed by 5–8% to the fertilizer‐induced N2O emission after one week of incubation and was similar for both field treatments regardless of liquid manure application. Therefore, further research is needed to link N2O priming to its potential production pathways and sources. While the observed effect may be important in soils, the amount of applied N fertilizer remains the largest concern being responsible for the majority of N2O emission.
Exploring the Interactions of Oxygen with Defective ZnO
Authors: Wang Xuan , Lu Bin , Li Ling , Qiu Hengshan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExploring the interactions of oxygen with defective oxide is of importance to understand the microscopic process and performance of ZnO‐based oxygen sensors. The interactions of environmental oxygen with vacuum‐annealed defective ZnO have been studied by electrical methods, vacuum Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and in situ adsorption experiments. It was found that the vacuum‐annealed defective ZnO exhibits varied electrical response at different temperatures, which, by vacuum IR investigation, was ascribed to the subtle balance between formation of oxygen vacancies and their interactions with environmental oxygen. Further studies showed that two microscopic steps including surface adsorption and bulk diffusion were dominating the interactions between defective ZnO and environmental oxygen, and the corresponding apparent activation energies were estimated to be 0.093 and 0.67 eV through in situ adsorption experiments. The quite low activation barrier of oxygen adsorption on the defective ZnO was proposed to be responsible for the extreme high sensitivity of ZnO‐based oxygen sensors.
Trends and Variation in Oral Anticoagulant Choice in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation, 2010–2017
Authors: Zhu Junya , Alexander G. Caleb , Nazarian Saman , Segal Jodi B. , Wu Albert W. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveSince 2010, several non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been brought to the U.S. market, yet little is known regarding their evolving adoption for prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation (AF)‐related stroke. We examined temporal trends in choice of oral anticoagulants (OACs) among incident OAC users with AF and its association with patient demographic and clinical characteristics.MethodsWe conducted a serial cross‐sectional analysis of medical and pharmacy claims for commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees in a large, private, U.S. health plan. We identified 112,187 adults with nonvalvular AF starting OACs between October 2010 and March 2017. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations of patient characteristics with prescription of NOACs versus warfarin. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the associations of patient characteristics with choice among NOACs.ResultsThe prescription of NOACs has increased dramatically since their introduction in October 2010. In the first quarter of 2017 (2017Q1), 7502 patients started OACs, of whom 78.9% used NOACs and 21.1% warfarin. For NOACs, 3.8% used dabigatran, 25.0% rivaroxaban, and 50.1% apixaban. In multivariable analyses, factors associated with choice of NOACs versus warfarin included younger age, lower stroke or bleeding risk, fewer comorbidities, higher education level or household net worth, and prescription by cardiologists (all p<0.001). There was no sex difference in likelihood of filling NOACs versus warfarin in 2010Q4–2012, but women had higher odds of starting NOACs (odds ratio = 1.19; 95% confidence interval = 1.14–1.25) in 2015–2017Q1. Among NOAC users, the odds of apixaban prescription increased with age, female sex, stroke or bleeding risk, and comorbidities (all p<0.05).ConclusionNOAC prescriptions have increased substantially among incident OAC users with nonvalvular AF, predominantly driven by increased prescription of apixaban. Warfarin and apixaban were generally preferred for elderly patients, patients with higher stroke or bleeding risk, and patients with more comorbidities.
Transcriptome assembly and annotation of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) rhizomes identify candidate rhizome‐specific genes
Authors: Ryder Nathan , Dorn Kevin M. , Huitsing Mark , Adams Micah , Ploegstra Jeff , DeHaan Lee , Larson Steve , Tintle Nathan L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRhizomes facilitate the wintering and vegetative propagation of many perennial grasses. Sorghum halepense (johnsongrass) is an aggressive perennial grass that relies on a robust rhizome system to persist through winters and reproduce asexually from its rootstock nodes. This study aimed to sequence and assemble expressed transcripts within the johnsongrass rhizome. A de novo transcriptome assembly was generated from a single johnsongrass rhizome meristem tissue sample. A total of 141,176 probable protein‐coding sequences from the assembly were identified and assigned gene ontology terms using Blast2GO. Estimated expression analysis and BLAST results were used to reduce the assembly to 64,447 high‐confidence sequences. The johnsongrass assembly was compared to Sorghum bicolor, a related nonrhizomatous species, along with an assembly of similar rhizome tissue from the perennial grain crop Thinopyrum intermedium. The presence/absence analysis yielded a set of 98 expressed johnsongrass contigs that are likely associated with rhizome development.
Assessing the influence of air speed and liquid flow rate on the droplet size and homogeneity in pneumatic spraying
Authors: Balsari Paolo , Grella Marco , Marucco Paolo , Matta Fabio , Miranda‐Fuentes Antonio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe efficacy of treatments in vineyards largely depends on the necessary balance between leaf coverage and spray drift and, therefore, knowledge about droplet size is of major importance, but scarce scientific information is available on pneumatic spraying, often adopted in this crop. The objective of this work was to obtain the relationships between the droplet size spectra characterization parameters and the main affecting factors in pneumatic nozzles.RESULTSThree liquid flow rates (LFR) and four air speeds (AS) were combined in laboratory conditions to assess their influence on the droplet size spectra (D10, D50 and D90), homogeneity (Relative Span Factor, RSF) and driftability (V100) in two different air shear nozzles (cannon‐type and hand‐type nozzles). The droplet size parameters were significantly affected by LFR and AS, and a model was fitted to predict droplet size in every spout type. The droplet V100 was also affected by both factors. The RSF was similar in both cases but did not follow regular trends.CONCLUSIONSThe findings obtained can help vineyard farmers and technicians to effectively increase the efficiency and, therefore, the efficacy of the pesticide treatments reducing at the same time the spray drift risk by selecting appropriately the optimal values of the main operational parameters: LFR and AS. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The Primary Demonstration of Exciton Coupling Effects on Optical Limiting Properties of Blue Double‐Decker Lanthanide Phthalocyanine Salts
Authors: Sekhosana Kutloano E. , Nkhahle Reitumetse , Nyokong Tebello 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this manuscript, novel green and blue sandwich‐type rare‐earth phthalocyanines (LnPc2) are presented. This parent green LnPc2 complex is named bis‐{2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)‐tetra(4‐tert‐buylphenoxy) phthalocyaninato} neodymium (III) (2) and modified into blue LnPc2 complexes (3), (4) and (5) based on hexadecyltrimethylammonium ion, mononeodymium(III) diacetate and monodysprosium(III) diacetate as counter ions, respectively. These stable blue lanthanide Pc salts are highly soluble in many organic and inorganic solvents. All complexes 2, 3, 4 and 5 were studied for optical limiting for the first time using Z‐scan at nanosecond regime in the visible absorption spectral wavelength (532 nm). Our studies reveal the advantage of exciton coupling in blue sandwich‐type rare‐earth phthalocyanines over the π‐radicals (characterized by blue valence at 485 nm) in the green counterpart which are in resonance with the 532 nm wavelength for optical limiting application. Large singlet ground state to excited state absorption cross section ratios were found, particularly for complex 5 in comparison to that of complex 2.