bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of intracranial stenosis in patients at low and moderate risk of stroke
Authors: Chen Hong-xiu , Wang Li-juan , Yang Yi , Yue Fei-xue , Chen Li-min , Xing Ying-qi 
Published: August 2019

Background: Previous studies assessing the risk of stroke in the general population performed screening with Doppler ultrasonography only for high-risk patients and neglected low- and moderate-risk patients. The aims of this study were to explore the current prevalence of intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) and analyze its association with different levels of stroke risk and risk factors based on the risk assessment scale for stroke used in China. Methods: A total of 3654 participants who underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) were eligible for inclusion. Information regarding demographic characteristics and risk factors such as alcohol consumption and hypertension was collected through interviews and questionnaires and used to analyze the association of ICAS with different levels of stroke risk and risk factors. Results: The mean age of 501 subjects diagnosed with at least one ICAS was higher than that of participants without ICAS (57.13 ± 9.56 years and 55.52 ± 9.35 years, respectively). After adjusting for confounding factors, gender, education, residence, hypertension and personal history of stroke were associated with ICAS. The odds ratios for ICAS in patients with hypertension and a personal history of stroke were 1.655 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.341–2.043] and 1.854 (95% CI: 1.371–2.508), respectively. In addition, participants in the low- and moderate-risk stroke groups accounted for an unexpectedly high proportion of individuals with ICAS (up to 38.3%). Results from multivariate analyses indicated that the adjusted odds ratios for ICAS in patients with moderate and high stroke risks versus those with a low stroke risk were 1.603 (95% CI: 1.171–2.195) and 1.612 (95% CI: 1.272–2.042), respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of ICAS is high in northeast China and increases with the level of stroke risk. However, the proportion of patients with ICAS among those with low and moderate stroke risks should also be noted.
Quantitative MRI UTE-T2* and T2* Show Progressive and Continued Graft Maturation Over 2 Years in Human Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Chu Constance R. , Williams Ashley A. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Noninvasive quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures to assess anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft maturity are needed to help inform return to high-demand activities and to evaluate the effectiveness of new treatments to accelerate ACL graft maturation. Quantitative MRI ultrashort echo time T2* (UTE-T2*) and T2* mapping captures short T2 signals arising from collagen-associated water in dense regular connective tissues, such as tendon, ligament, and maturing grafts, which are invisible to conventional MRI. Hypothesis: Quantitative MRI UTE-T2* and T2* mapping is sensitive to ACL graft changes over the first 2 years after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 32 patients (18 men; mean ± SD age, 30 ± 9 years) undergoing unilateral ACLR and 30 uninjured age-matched controls (18 men; age, 30 ± 9 years) underwent 3-T MRI examination. Patients who underwent ACLR were imaged at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 and 2 years postoperatively. Two separate ACLR cohorts were scanned with 2 MRI platforms at 2 institutions. Twelve ACLR knees were scanned with a 3-dimensional acquisition-weighted stack of spirals UTE sequence on a Siemens scanner, and 20 ACLR knees were scanned with a 3-dimensional Cones UTE sequence on a GE scanner. UTE-T2* or T2* maps were calculated for the intra-articular portion of the ACL graft. Results: Mean ACL graft UTE-T2* and T2* decreased from 1 to 2 years after ACLR. ACL graft T2* increased 25% to 30% during the first 6 months ( P < .013) to a level not different from that of uninjured native ACL ( P > .4), stabilized between 6 months and 1 year ( P ≥ .999), and then decreased 19% between 1 and 2 years after ACLR ( P = .027). At 6-month follow-up, ACL graft UTE-T2* differed from that of tendon ( P < .02) but not uninjured native ACL ( P > .7) and showed the greatest variability among patients. Conclusion: UTE-T2* mapping suggested substantial changes within the graft during the first 6 months postsurgery. T2* and UTE-T2* mapping showed relatively stable graft composition from 6 months to 1 year, consistent with remodeling, followed by decreases from 1 to 2 years, suggestive of continuing maturation. MRI UTE-T2* and T2* mapping demonstrated potential clinical utility as noninvasive quantitative imaging metrics for evaluation of human ACL grafts.
Cirmtuzumab blocks Wnt5a/ROR1 stimulation of NF-κB to repress autocrine STAT3 activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Chen Yun , Chen Liguang , Yu Jian , Ghia Emanuela M. , Choi Michael Y. , Zhang Ling , Zhang Suping , Sanchez-Lopez Elsa , Widhopf George F. , Messer Karen , Rassenti Laura Z. , Jamieson Catriona , Kipps Thomas J. 
Published: August 2019

Key Points
Nurse-like cells express Wnt5a to induce ROR1-dependent stimulation of NF-κB, which leads to autocrine IL-6-induced STAT3 activation in CLL cells. Cirmtuzumab inhibits Wnt5a-induced, ROR1-dependent stimulation of NF-κB, and thereby represses autocrine IL-6-dependent STAT3 activation in CLL.
Pathophysiology and management of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
Authors: Jain Ankur , Haynes Richard , Kothari Jaimal , Khera Akhil , Soares Maria , Ramasamy Karthik 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a rapid growth in our understanding of the pathogenic property of monoclonal proteins. It is evident that some of these small monoclonal proteins are capable of inducing end-organ damage as a result of their intrinsic physicochemical properties. Hence, an umbrella term, monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS), has been coined to include myriad conditions attributed to these pathogenic proteins. Because kidneys are the most commonly affected organ (but skin, peripheral nerves, and heart can also be involved), we discuss MGRS exclusively in this review. Mechanisms of renal damage may involve direct or indirect effects. Renal biopsy is mandatory and demonstration of monoclonal immunoglobulin in kidney, along with the corresponding immunoglobulin in serum or urine, is key to establish the diagnosis. Pitfalls exist at each diagnostic step, and a high degree of clinical suspicion is required to diagnose MGRS. Recognition of MGRS by hematologists and nephrologists is important, because timely clone-directed therapy improves renal outcomes. Autologous stem cell transplant may benefit selected patients.
Use of regression to study the effect of fabric parameters on the adhesion of 3D printed PLA polymer onto woven fabrics
Authors: Mpofu Nonsikelelo Sheron , Mwasiagi Josphat Igadwa , Nkiwane Londiwe C. , Njuguna David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe use of the three-dimensional (3D) printing technique is gaining popularity due to its ability to produce products with minimum waste. 3D printing can be used to add polymers onto woven fabrics to produce novel structures. This research work concentrated on the study of the fabric properties affecting the adhesion of Polylactic Acid (PLA) polymer onto selected fabrics. Different fabrics made from cotton, polyester and acrylic, were selected and using 3D printing, PLA polymer was printed onto the fabric surface. Regression models were used to study the effect of selected fabric properties on the adhesion of PLA polymer onto the woven fabrics. The results obtained in this research work indicated that fabric areal density, warp count (Tex), weft count (Tex), fabric thickness and fabric handle indicated a positive correlation with adhesion of PLA onto woven fabrics. On the other hand, warp ends/inch and weft picks/inch showed a negative correlation with the adhesion of PLA polymer onto woven fabrics.
Bones and Joints: The Effects of Cannabinoids on the Skeleton
Authors: Ehrenkranz Joel , Levine Michael A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractContextThe endocannabinoid system uses tissue-specific lipid ligands and G protein‒coupled transmembrane receptors to regulate neurologic, metabolic, and immune responses. Recent studies demonstrate that the endocannabinoid system influences bone metabolism. With the increasing use of endocannabinoid mimetics (e.g., tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol), the involvement of endocannabinoids in bone growth and remodeling has become clinically relevant.Evidence AcquisitionThis literature review is based on a search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases as of June 2019 for all English-language publications relating to cannabinoids and bone. We evaluated retrieved articles for relevance, experimental design, data acquisition, statistical analysis, and conclusions.Evidence SynthesisPreclinical studies establish a role for endocannabinoids in bone metabolism. These studies yield complex and often contradictory results attributed to differences in the specific experimental model examined. Studies using human cells or subjects are limited.ConclusionsIn vitro and animal models document that endocannabinoids are involved in bone biology. The relevance of these observations to humans is not clear. The increasing long-term use of medical and recreational cannabis underscores the need to better understand the role of endocannabinoids in human bone metabolism. Moreover, it is important to evaluate the role of endocannabinoids as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat disorders associated with bone loss.
Sex Hormone Phenotypes in Young Girls and the Age at Pubertal Milestones
Authors: Fassler Cecily S , Gutmark-Little Iris , Xie Changchun , Giannini Courtney M , Chandler Donald W , Biro Frank M , Pinney Susan M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Context
The age of pubertal onset is influenced by many variables in young girls. Previous studies have not examined sex hormones longitudinally around the time of breast development and their relationship to pubertal onset.

Objective
We sought to use an unbiased statistical approach to identify phenotypes of sex hormones in young girls and examine their relationship with pubertal milestones.

Design and Setting
Longitudinal observational study.

Participants and Main Outcome Measures
In 269 girls, serum concentrations of steroid sex hormones [estradiol (E2), estrone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate] were measured by HPLC-mass spectrometry at time points before, at, and after thelarche. Girls were classified into four hormone phenotypes using objective principal components and cluster analyses of longitudinal hormone data. The association between the identified phenotypes and age of pubertal milestones was estimated using Cox proportional hazards modeling.

Results
Mean ages at thelarche, pubarche, and menarche were 9.02, 9.85, and 12.30 years, respectively. Girls with low levels of all four hormones, phenotype 3b, were youngest at thelarche (8.67 years); those in phenotype 2, with the highest E2 levels and E2 surge 6 months after thelarche, were youngest at menarche (11.87 years) with shortest pubertal tempo. When controlling for race, maternal age of menarche, caregiver education, and body mass, different phenotypes were associated with the age of pubertal events.

Conclusions
Hormone phenotypic clustering can identify clinically relevant subgroups with differing ages of thelarche, pubarche, and menarche. These findings may enhance the understanding of timing of pubertal milestones and risk of adult disease.
Three Discrete Patterns of Primary Aldosteronism Lateralization in Response to Cosyntropin During Adrenal Vein Sampling
Authors: Wannachalee Taweesak , Zhao Lili , Nanba Kazutaka , Nanba Aya T , Shields James J , Rainey William E , Auchus Richard J , Turcu Adina F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Context
Cosyntropin [ACTH (1–24)] stimulation during adrenal vein (AV) sampling (AVS) enhances the confidence in the success of AV cannulation and circumvents intraprocedure hormonal fluctuations. Cosyntropin’s effect on primary aldosteronism (PA) lateralization, however, is controversial.

Objectives
To define the major patterns of time-dependent lateralization, and their determinants, after cosyntropin stimulation during AVS.

Methods
We retrospectively studied patients with PA who underwent AVS before, 10, and 20 minutes after cosyntropin stimulation between 2009 and 2018. Unilateral (U) or bilateral (B) PA was determined on the basis of a lateralization index (LI) value ≥4 or <4, respectively. Available adrenal tissue underwent aldosterone synthase–guided next-generation sequencing.

Results
PA lateralization was concordant between basal and cosyntropin-stimulated AVS in 169 of 222 patients (76%; U/U, n = 110; B/B, n = 59) and discordant in 53 patients (24%; U/B, n = 32; B/U, n = 21). Peripheral and dominant AV aldosterone concentrations and LI were highest in U/U patients and progressively lower across intermediate and B/B groups. LI response to cosyntropin increased in 27% of patients, decreased in 33%, and remained stable in 40%. Baseline aldosterone concentrations predicted the LI pattern across time (P < 0.001). Mutation status was defined in 61 patients. Most patients with KCNJ5 mutations had descending LI, whereas those with ATP1A1 and ATP2B3 mutations had ascending LI after cosyntropin stimulation.

Conclusion
Patients with severe PA lateralized robustly regardless of cosyntropin use. Cosyntropin stimulation reveals intermediate PA subtypes; its impact on LI varies with baseline aldosterone concentrations and aldosterone-driver mutations.
Maternal Thyroid Function, Use of Antithyroid Drugs in Early Pregnancy, and Birth Defects
Authors: Andersen Stine Linding , Knøsgaard Louise , Olsen Jørn , Vestergaard Peter , Andersen Stig 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Context
Antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy in early pregnancy is associated with birth defects, but more data are needed to substantiate the risk associated with different types of ATD. Furthermore, the role of abnormal maternal thyroid function per se remains unclarified.

Objective
To evaluate the risk of birth defects associated with the use of ATD in an extended nationwide cohort and the role of abnormal maternal thyroid function in birth cohorts including stored maternal blood samples from early pregnancy.

Participants
Danish pregnant women and their live-born children, including 1,243,353 children from a Nationwide Register-Based Cohort (NRBC), 1997 to 2016; 8830 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), 1997 to 2003; and 14,483 children from the North Denmark Region Pregnancy Cohort (NDRPC), 2011 to 2015.

Main Outcome Measures
Birth defects diagnosed before 2 years of age.

Results
In the NRBC, altogether 2718 (0.2%) children had been exposed to ATD in early pregnancy. The overall frequency of birth defects was 6.7% (95% CI, 6.7% to 6.8%) in nonexposed children and higher after exposure to methimazole/carbimazole (9.6%; 95% CI, 8.2% to 11.2%) and propylthiouracil (8.3%; 95% CI, 6.7% to 10.3%). On the other hand, the frequency of maternal thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy was similar in the random cohort and in cases of birth defect in the DNBC (12.4 vs 12.6%, P = 0.8) and the NDRPC (15.1 vs 15.4%, P = 0.8).

Conclusions
Results corroborate an increased risk of birth defects associated with the use of ATD in early pregnancy and suggest that abnormal maternal thyroid function is not a major risk factor for birth defects.
Addressing Social Determinants of Health through Medicaid: Lessons from Oregon
Authors: Kushner Jonah , McConnell K. John 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
States and policy makers have expressed a strong interest in using Medicaid to address social determinants of health (SDOH). While this approach holds promise for improving outcomes and reducing costs, using Medicaid to pay for services outside the medical system creates challenges. This article examines efforts to address SDOH in Oregon, which, as part of its 2012 Medicaid waiver, incorporated health-related services that lacked billing or encounter codes and were not included in Oregon's Medicaid state plan as a strategy to improve outcomes and control costs. We examine the varieties of health-related services that were used and describe the specific challenges in deploying and paying for these services. We conclude with lessons from Oregon that can help states and the federal government as they work to address SDOH.
Trans-Arab-Jew
Authors: Katri Ido 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, Mizrahi (Jews of Arab descent) and trans legal claims will serve to expose the law as a tactic of stability. These experiences, positioned at the in-between of stable legal categories, embody the “other” of law, the affective ideologies that the law refuses. If transgender as an identity category emerged from the violent process of separating homosexuality and transsexuality to constitute gayness as normative, Mizrahi emerged from pitting the Jew and the Arab against each other to constitute the “new Jew,” a coherent member of a normative (whitened) nation. Yet the Arab and the Jew, the trans and the homo, are not separate spheres of being but constitute one another, exposing the excesses of gender/sex and race/ethnicity. The Mizrahi and the trans experience cannot escape the desire for normalization or the trauma of otherness, whose materialization into rights and property they critique. Still, the realities of in-betweenness hold the possibility of exceeding coherence, in a state of constant transition between mutually exclusive categories of being. Both positions serve as an affective intervention if they are considered as transitional spaces where one can dare to question the stability of reality and accept its shifting compromise formulation.
Trans* Atlantic Religion
Authors: Escalante Alejandro Stephano 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article is about spirit possession in Cuban Santería and how the relationship between an orisha and their devotee reveals an unstable gender identity that avails itself to trans* studies. Taking an ethnographic scene from the work of Aisha M. Beliso-De Jesús, wherein a female devotee named Belkis is possessed by her male orisha Changó, this article argues that Santería offers a genderqueer way of understanding the relationship between gods and humans. It makes use of Jack Halberstam's differentiation between “trans*” and “trans,” in which the former allows for myriad gender identities and contradictions that the stability of “trans” might otherwise seek to concretize. The modification of “transatlantic” to “trans* Atlantic” allows for a consideration of the fluidity of genders and sexuality that is often missed in black Atlantic studies and highlights the important role of religion in gender and black Atlantic studies.
CyTargetLinker app update: A flexible solution for network extension in Cytoscape
Authors: Kutmon Martina , Ehrhart Friederike , Willighagen Egon L. , Evelo Chris T. , Coort Susan L. 
Published: August 2019

Here, we present an update of the open-source CyTargetLinker app for Cytoscape (http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/cytargetlinker) that introduces new automation features. CyTargetLinker provides a simple interface to extend networks with links to relevant data and/or knowledge extracted from so-called linksets. The linksets are provided on the CyTargetLinker website (https://cytargetlinker.github.io/) or can be custom-made for specific use cases. The new automation feature enables users to programmatically execute the app’s functionality in Cytoscape (command line tool) and with external tools (e.g. R, Jupyter, Python, etc). This allows users to share their analysis workflows and therefore increase repeatability and reproducibility. Three use cases demonstrate automated workflows, combinations with other Cytoscape apps and core Cytoscape functionality. We first extend a protein-protein interaction network created with the stringApp, with compound-target interactions and disease-gene annotations. In the second use case, we created a workflow to load differentially expressed genes from an experimental dataset and extend it with gene-pathway associations. Lastly, we chose an example outside the biological domain and used CyTargetLinker to create an author-article-journal network for the five authors of this manuscript using a two-step extension mechanism. With 400 downloads per month in the last year and nearly 20,000 downloads in total, CyTargetLinker shows the adoption and relevance of the app in the field of network biology. In August 2019, the original publication was cited in 83 articles demonstrating the applicability in biomedical research.
Cognitive control depletion reduces pre-stimulus and recollection-related measures of strategic retrieval
Authors: Herron Jane E 
Published: August 2019

Background: The ability to strategically retrieve task-relevant information from episodic memory is thought to rely on goal-directed executive processes, and there is evidence that neural correlates of strategic retrieval are sensitive to reserves of cognitive control. The present study extended this work, exploring the role of cognitive control in the flexible orienting of strategic retrieval processes across alternating retrieval goals. Method: Pre-stimulus cues directed participants to endorse memory targets from one of two encoding contexts, with the target encoding context alternating every two trials. Items from the nontarget encoding context were rejected alongside new items. One group of participants completed a Stroop task prior to the memory test in order to deplete their reserves of cognitive control, while a second group performed a control task. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded throughout the memory task, and time-locked to both pre-stimulus cues and memory probes. Results: Control participants’ pre-stimulus ERPs showed sustained divergences at frontal electrode sites according to retrieval goal. This effect was evident on the first trial of each memory task, and linked with the initiation of goal-specific retrieval orientations. Control participants also showed enhanced ERP correlates of recollection (the ‘left parietal effect’) for correctly classified targets relative to nontargets on the second trial of each memory task, indexing strategic retrieval of task-relevant information. Both the pre-stimulus index of retrieval orientation and the target/nontarget left parietal effect were significantly attenuated in participants that completed the Stroop task. Conclusions: The reduction of pre-stimulus and stimulus-locked ERP effects following the Stroop task indicates that available reserves of cognitive control play an important role in both proactive and recollection-related aspects of strategic retrieval.
Public Good Provision Financed by Nonlinear Income Tax Under Reduction of Envy
Authors: Obara Takuya , Tsugawa Shuichi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We examine optimal taxation and public good provision by a government that considers reduction of envy as a constraint. We adopt the extended envy-freeness proposed by Diamantaras and Thomson (1990. “A Refinement and Extension of the No-Envy Concept.” Economics Letters 33: 217–22), called λ-equitability. We derive the modified Samuelson rule under an optimal nonlinear income tax and show, using a constant elasticity of substitution utility function, that the direction of distorting the original Samuelson rule to relax the λ envy-free constraint is crucially determined by the elasticity of substitution. Furthermore, we numerically show that the optimal level of provision increases (decreases) in the degree of envy-freeness when the original Samuelson rule is upwardly (downwardly) distorted.