bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interface Engineering V2O5 Nanofibers for High‐Energy and Durable Supercapacitors
Authors: Bi Wenchao , Wang Jichao , Jahrman Evan P. , Seidler Gerald T. , Gao Guohua , Wu Guangming , Cao Guozhong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA local electric field is induced to engineer the interface of vanadium pentoxide nanofibers (V2O5‐NF) to manipulate the charge transport behavior and obtain high‐energy and durable supercapacitors. The interface of V2O5‐NF is modified with oxygen vacancies (Vö) in a one‐step polymerization process of polyaniline (PANI). In the charge storage process, the local electric field deriving from the lopsided charge distribution around Vö will provide Coulombic forces to promote the charge transport in the resultant Vö‐V2O5/PANI nanocable electrode. Furthermore, an ≈7 nm porous PANI coating serves as the external percolated charge transport pathway. As the charge transfer kinetics are synergistically enhanced by the dual modifications, Vö‐V2O5/PANI‐based supercapacitors exhibit an excellent specific capacitance (523 F g−1) as well as a long cycling lifespan (110% of capacitance remained after 20 000 cycles). This work paves an effective way to promote the charge transfer kinetics of electrode materials for next‐generation energy storage systems.
A Perspective on Fluorescent Nanodiamond Bioimaging
Authors: Torelli Marco D. , Nunn Nicholas A. , Shenderova Olga A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe field of fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) has advanced greatly over the past few years. Though historically limited primarily to red fluorescence, the wavelengths available for nanodiamonds have increased due to continuous technical advancement. This Review summarizes the strides made in the synthesis, functionalization, and application of FNDs to bioimaging. Highlights range from super‐resolution microscopy, through cellular and whole animal imaging, up to constantly emerging fields including sensing and hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging.
Continuing search for new physics in b → sμμ decays: two operators at a time
Authors: Alok Ashutosh Kumar , Dighe Amol , Gangal Shireen , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

The anomalies in the measurements of observables involving b → sμμ decays, namely R

K
, R

K*, P
5
′
, and B

s

ϕ

, may be addressed by adding lepton-universality-violating new physics contributions to the effective operators

$$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\mathcal{9}},{\mathcal{O}}_{10},{\mathcal{O}}_9^{\prime },{\mathcal{O}}_{10}^{\prime } $$

O
9

,

O
10

,

O
9
′

,

O
10
′

. We analyze all the scenarios where the new physics contributes to a pair of these operators at a time. We perform a global fit to all relevant data in the b → s sector to estimate the corresponding new Wilson coefficients,

$$ {\mathcal{O}}_9^{\mathrm{NP}},{\mathcal{O}}_{10}^{\mathrm{NP}},{\mathcal{O}}_9^{\prime },{\mathcal{O}}_{10}^{\prime } $$

O
9

N
P

,

O
10

N
P

,

O
9
′

,

O
10
′

. In the light of the new data on R

K
, and R

K*, presented in Moriond 2019, we find that the scenarios with new physics contributions to the

$$ \left({\mathcal{O}}_9^{\mathrm{NP}},{\mathcal{O}}_9^{\prime}\right) $$

O
9

N
P

O
9
′

or

$$ \left({\mathcal{O}}_9^{\mathrm{NP}},{\mathcal{O}}_{10}^{\prime}\right) $$

O
9

N
P

O
10
′

pair remain the most favored ones. On the other hand, though the competing scenario

$$ \left({\mathcal{O}}_9^{\mathrm{NP}},{\mathcal{O}}_{10}^{\mathrm{NP}}\right) $$

O
9

N
P

O
10

N
P

remains attractive, its advantage above the SM reduces significantly due to the tension that emerges between the R

K
and R

K* measurements with the new data. The movement of the R

K
measurement towards unity would also result in the re-emergence of the one-parameter scenario C
9
NP
= − C
9
′
.
Extended Antibiotic Prophylaxis May Be Linked to Lower Peri-prosthetic Joint Infection Rates in High-Risk Patients: An Evidence-Based Review
Authors: DeFrancesco Christopher J. , Fu Michael C. , Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Miller Andy O. , Bostrom Mathias P. 
Published: June 2019

In 2018, Inabathula et al. published the results of a historical control study examining 90-day peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates at a single center before and after the institution of an extended post-operative oral antibiotic protocol for high-risk total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. In the study, “Extended Oral Antibiotic Prophylaxis in High-Risk Patients Substantially Reduces Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty 90-Day Infection Rate” ( J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018;100[24]:2103–2109), the authors considered any one of several patient-related criteria—including diabetes, a body mass index of 35 kg/m2 or higher, or active smoking—as sufficient to designate a patient “high risk” for PJI. Before the extended antibiotic therapy protocol was instituted, PJI rates for primary THA and TKA in the high-risk subgroup were 4.3% and 2.1%, respectively. After it was instituted, the respective rates dropped to 1.1% and 0.4%, comparable to those seen in the non-high-risk patients treated using standard peri-operative prophylaxis. After adjusting for patient factors, regression analysis showed that high-risk patients receiving only peri-operative antibiotics were more likely to develop PJI than high-risk patients receiving the extended antibiotic protocol. Although these results suggest possible benefits of extended antibiotic prophylaxis in arthroplasty, methodologic limitations and inadequate discussion of potential drawbacks of widespread adoption of such protocols limit the impact of the findings. Future research is warranted to more narrowly define risk factors for PJI and to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of extended antibiotics in reducing the long-term burden of PJI.
A Review of Phase Space Topology Methods for Vibration-Based Fault Diagnostics in Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Mohamad T. Haj , Nazari Foad , Nataraj C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn general, diagnostics can be defined as the procedure of mapping the information obtained in the measurement space to the presence and magnitude of faults in the fault space. These measurements, and especially their nonlinear features, have the potential to be exploited to detect changes in dynamics due to the faults.PurposeWe have been developing some interesting techniques for fault diagnostics with gratifying results.MethodsThese techniques are fundamentally based on extracting appropriate features of nonlinear dynamical behavior of dynamic systems. In particular, this paper provides an overview of a technique we have developed called Phase Space Topology (PST), which has so far displayed remarkable effectiveness in unearthing faults in machinery. Applications to bearing, gear and crack diagnostics are briefly discussed.
Disaster Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature From 2016
Authors: Sarin Ritu R. , Hick John L. , Livinski Alicia A. , Nieratko Jennifer , Treber Meghan , Mazurek Audrey , Brannman Shayne , Biddinger Paul , Burstein Jonathan , Ciottone Gregory , Goldberg Scott , Milsten Andrew , Nemeth Ira , Goralnick Eric 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The Society of Academic Emergency Medicine Disaster Medicine Interest Group, the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response – Technical Resources, Assistance Center, and Information Exchange (ASPR TRACIE) team, and the National Institutes of Health Library searched disaster medicine peer-reviewed and gray literature to identify, review, and disseminate the most important new research in this field for academics and practitioners.Methods:MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases were searched with key words. Additional gray literature and focused hand search were performed. A Level I review of titles and abstracts with inclusion criteria of disaster medicine, health care system, and disaster type concepts was performed. Eight reviewers performed Level II full-text review and formal scoring for overall quality, impact, clarity, and importance, with scoring ranging from 0 to 20. Reviewers summarized and critiqued articles scoring 16.5 and above.Results:Articles totaling 1176 were identified, and 347 were screened in a Level II review. Of these, 193 (56%) were Original Research, 117 (34%) Case Report or other, and 37 (11%) were Review/Meta-Analysis. The average final score after a Level II review was 11.34. Eighteen articles scored 16.5 or higher. Of the 18 articles, 9 (50%) were Case Report or other, 7 (39%) were Original Research, and 2 (11%) were Review/Meta-Analysis.Conclusions:This first review highlighted the breadth of disaster medicine, including emerging infectious disease outbreaks, terror attacks, and natural disasters. We hope this review becomes an annual source of actionable, pertinent literature for the emerging field of disaster medicine.
Oviposition preferences of the mosquito Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 (Culicidae): an urban environment bioassay
Authors: Kroth N. , Cozzer G.D. , de Carvalho G. , Cassol A.S. , Breaux J. , Lutinski J.A. , Busato M.A. , Roman Junior W.A. , dos Santos José Junior , Albeny-Simões D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe establishment of an invasive species depends on reproductive success and dispersion capability in the new environment. One of the striking examples of invasion in urban environments is the mosquito Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 (Culicidae). The success of this species is primarily attributed to its ability to colonize urban environments, and some of the important adaptive strategies associated with this ability is the preference for humans as a blood source and intense occupation of residential (indoor) environments. This study evaluated the effects of location (indoor vs. outdoor) and water nutrient level (% organic matter) on the oviposition preference of A. aegypti in an urban environment. We used oviposition choice experiments to evaluate mosquito oviposition in containers holding 1:1 vs 1:0 ratios of water: organic matter placed indoors and outdoors. Eggs were sampled once per week for nine weeks. Our results revealed a strong oviposition preference for outdoor containers, with a significant preference for containers with higher concentrations of organic matter during the fifth to ninth weeks. However, mosquitoes occupying indoor environments did not prefer to lay eggs in containers with lower levels of organic matter. A better understanding of the preferences of A. aegypti regarding the nutrient level and location of oviposition containers can increase our understanding of the behavioral factors allowing mosquitoes to utilize anthropogenic environments.
Learner autonomy versus guided reflection: How different methodologies affect intercultural development in online intercultural exchange
Authors: Flowers Simeon , Kelsen Brent , Cvitkovic Bob 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study exploring the intercultural development of first-year Japanese university students engaged in online intercultural exchange (OIE) using two variations: one implementing guided reflection, and the other relying on the learner autonomy model. Intercultural development was quantitatively measured using the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (Chen & Starosta, 2000) and qualitatively investigated through participants’ written reflections. Results of the OIE using guided reflection showed significant gains in respect for the target culture, whereas the OIE that followed the autonomous learning model yielded significant gains in self-efficacy in relation to intercultural contact. Qualitative analysis of student reflections confirmed these findings and provided insight into the processes involved in achieving these results.
Long-term care reform in Germany – at long last
Authors: Link S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Demographic and societal changes make it more and more indispensable to protect against the risk of care costs surpassing a person’s financial means. Nevertheless, only few governments have acted to create public funding systems that, if existent at all, usually only cover part of the expenses for elder care. Long-term care insurance (LTCI) is designed to fund basic care needs in later life, such as washing and dressing. Regardless of where individuals receive this support in old age, how it is funded is a growing issue. In many countries, people may augment their compulsory state system with private policies available from insurance companies.
In Germany, a well-established public system that underwent major reforms exists. From 2017 onwards, a completely new care definition and assessment process replaced the former ones. Two major changes constitute the reform: First, when evaluating the need for care, the former focus on estimating the length of time required for care was replaced by the determination of the degree of independence. Second, cognitive impairments will be acknowledged more adequately than in the past, where the focus was on physical abilities. Furthermore, the contribution to be paid by the care recipient in a nursing home will no longer be dependent on the severity of the care need.
In Germany, private LTC products used a combination of the social security definition, an ADL-based trigger and a dementia trigger until the end of 2016. Thus, the reform has repercussions for the local private insurance industry. What would happen to in-force business, how a new benefit trigger should look like, how old and new definition compare and how pricing rates can be derived were only some of the questions that had to be answered in advance.
The reform could point the way for future public schemes and private policies elsewhere. Which questions had to be answered and what issues had to be solved in advance, together with lessons learned during and shortly after the reform was undertaken, can serve as an accompaniment for the introduction or reform of public LTC schemes and for the local insurance industry in other countries.
Eye Refraction in Doubly Exchanged Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Segal Nancy L. , Montoya Yesika S. , Peña Fernando Y. , Burgos Stephany , Katz Ximena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis case study examined the hypothesis that longer outdoor time results in normal vision and refractive status, using unique genetically informative kinships. The participants were the members of 29-year-old doubly exchanged monozygotic male twin pairs from Bogotá, Colombia, in South America. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, including uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, refraction and keratometry, and visual life history interviews were undertaken; all examinations were conducted by two ophthalmologists blind to the hypothesis, relatedness, and rearing status of the four participants. Normal uncorrected vision and refractive status were present in the two rural-raised, unrelated brothers, relative to their urban-raised counterparts. Uncorrected visual acuities were 20/160 and 20/200 for the city-raised twins and 20/20 and 20/30 for the country-raised twins. Premature birth, low birth weight, computer use, and reading time could not explain these differences. It was concluded that time spent outdoors appears to be a significant factor in the development of myopia, reinforcing extant findings via a novel experimental approach.
Stable Isotope Constraints on Marine Productivity Across the Cretaceous‐Paleogene Mass Extinction
Authors: Sepúlveda Julio , Alegret Laia , Thomas Ellen , Haddad Emily , Cao Changqun , Summons Roger E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe effects of the Cretaceous‐Paleogene (K/Pg) mass extinction (~66 Ma) on marine primary and export productivity remain debated. We studied changes in carbon and nitrogen cycling in eight neritic and upper bathyal sections with expanded K/Pg boundary clay layers in the western Tethys and northeastern Atlantic Ocean, by measuring stable carbon isotopes of bulk carbonate (δ13Ccarb) and organic matter (δ13Corg), nitrogen isotopes in bulk organic matter (δ15N), and selected compound‐specific carbon isotopic records (δ13Clipid). Negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) in δ13Ccarb, δ13Corg,and δ13Clipidare temporally and spatially heterogeneous as well as decoupled from each other, suggesting that factors affecting the δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon, as well as isotopic fractionation during carbon fixation across the K/Pg, are more complex than commonly assumed. The negative CIEs in δ13Corgand δ13Clipidat each site are smaller in amplitude and shorter in duration than those in δ13Ccarb, but in most sections both carbon pools recovered to preboundary conditions within the time of deposition of the boundary clay layer (<103–104Kyr) or shortly thereafter. This rapid recovery is supported by limited δ15N data, which mostly suggests moderate or minor changes in redox conditions (except in Denmark), marine productivity, and phytoplanktonic nitrate utilization in the earliest Danian. Our results indicate that carbon cycling and primary productivity in neritic and upper bathyal regions recovered to preboundary levels faster (<104Kyr) than in oceanic regions (105–106years), likely sustained by resilient noncalcifying phytoplankton with resting stages, consistent with modeling and proxy studies.
Global Ionospheric Metal Ion Transport With SAMI3
Authors: Huba J. D. , Krall J. , Drob D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe first global simulation of metal ion dynamics in both the E and F regions is presented. The Naval Research Laboratory ionosphere/plasmasphere model SAMI3 has been upgraded to include the metal ions Mg+ and Fe+ with full ion transport (but not deposition or chemistry). The combination of the neutral wind and global electric field dramatically redistributes the metal ions in the ionosphere. High‐density layering can occur in the low to middle latitude, as well as the polar cap, E regions; this can be a significant factor in the development of sporadic E. Both the wind and electric field are important in the low‐ to middle‐latitude ionosphere, while the electric field is more important than the wind at high latitudes. Additionally, metal ions can be lifted to high altitudes (
600 km) in the low‐ to middle‐latitude ionosphere.
Characteristics of the Discontinuity of Western Boundary Current in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Das Bijan Kumar , Anandh T.S. , Kuttippurath J. , Chakraborty Arun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe western boundary current in the Bay of Bengal, also known as East India Coastal Current, is northward (southward) and continuous during pre‐ (post‐) Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) but discontinuous during ISM (June–September). This study investigates the features of this discontinuity and role of eddies, local winds, and southern open boundary lateral forcing using AVISO TOPEX Poseidon, ERS, and Jason1 combined sea surface height anomaly, Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real‐time (OSCAR) surface currents and high‐resolution Regional Ocean Modelling System simulations. The study shows that the discontinuity is governed by westward and southwestward propagating eddies between two opposite facing flows along the boundary, northward of 10°N and southward of 21°N. This northward flow of 10°N is wind driven with lateral influence during September. The southward flow of 21°N is influenced by the Summer Monsoon Current, but the local wind influence starts from July onward. During ISM, about 79% cyclonic and 77% anticyclonic eddies move westward, while 68% cyclonic and 69% anticyclonic eddies move southward. Three highly active eddy genesis areas, having more than 50% activities during ISM, are identified: northern and southwestern bay for cyclonic and off Visakhapatnam (17.68°N, 83.21°E) coast for anticyclonic eddies. The pre‐ISM (post‐ISM) is dominated by anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies, which are found across the western Bay of Bengal and away from northward (southward) East India Coastal Current. The ISM is dominated by westward and southwestward moving both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, which are confined to the boundary, where discontinuity is generally observed.
Comparing Surface and Stratospheric Impacts of Geoengineering With Different SO2 Injection Strategies
Authors: Kravitz Ben , MacMartin Douglas G. , Tilmes Simone , Richter Jadwiga H. , Mills Michael J. , Cheng Wei , Dagon Katherine , Glanville Anne S. , Lamarque Jean‐Francois , Simpson Isla R. , Tribbia Joseph , Vitt Francis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGeoengineering with stratospheric sulfate aerosols can, to some extent, be designed to achieve different climate objectives. Here we use the state‐of‐the‐art Community Earth System Model, version 1, with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model as its atmospheric component (CESM1(WACCM)), to compare surface climate and stratospheric effects of two geoengineering strategies. In one, SO2 is injected into the tropical lower stratosphere at the equator to keep global mean temperature nearly constant under an RCP8.5 scenario, as has been commonly simulated in previous studies. In another, the Geoengineering Large Ensemble (GLENS), SO2 is injected into the lower stratosphere at four different locations (30°N/S and 15°N/S) to keep global mean temperature, the interhemispheric temperature gradient, and the equator‐to‐pole temperature gradient nearly unchanged. Both simulations are effective at offsetting changes in global mean temperature and the interhemispheric temperature gradient that result from increased greenhouse gases, but only GLENS fully offsets changes in the equator‐to‐pole temperature gradient. GLENS results in a more even aerosol distribution, whereas equatorial injection tends to result in an aerosol peak in the tropics. Moreover, GLENS requires less total injection than in the equatorial case due to different spatial distributions of the aerosols. Many other aspects of surface climate changes, including precipitation and sea ice coverage, also show reduced changes in GLENS as compared to equatorial injection. Stratospheric changes, including heating, circulation, and effects on the quasi‐biennial oscillation are greatly reduced in GLENS as compared to equatorial injection.
Regional Climate Response of Middle Eastern, African, and South Asian Monsoon Regions to Explosive Volcanism and ENSO Forcing
Authors: Dogar Muhammad Mubashar , Sato Tomonori 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is well observed that the monsoon climate experiences substantial climatic changes following explosive volcanism. Likewise, previous studies show that the monsoon climate regimes, especially, the African and South Asian tropical regions, are adversely affected by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Hence, studying the sensitivity of the monsoon regions to the effect of these forcing factors, that is, explosive volcanism and volcanic‐induced ENSO forcing, is essential for better understanding the driving mechanism and climate variability in these regions. Using observations and a high resolution atmospheric model, effectively at 50‐ and 25‐km grid spacing, this study shows that ENSO and tropical eruptions together weaken the upward branch of Northern Hemisphere (NH) Hadley cell, that is, Intertropical Convergence Zone. This results in a significant decrease of monsoonal precipitation, suggesting severe drought conditions over the NH tropical rain belt regions. The volcanic‐induced direct radiative cooling and associated land‐sea thermal contrast result in significant warming and drying due to the reduction of clouds over the monsoon regions in boreal summer. The posteruption ENSO circulation also results in warming and drying over NH tropical rain belt regions. This study confirms that the monsoon climate regime responds vigorously to posteruption direct radiative and indirect circulation impacts caused by volcanic‐induced ENSO forcing. Hence, quantification of magnitude and spatial pattern of these postvolcanic direct and indirect climatic responses is important for better understanding of climate variability and changes in Asian and African monsoon regions.