bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosensors for real‐time monitoring of physiological processes in the musculoskeletal system: A systematic review
Authors: Veronesi Francesca , Tschon Matilde , Visani Andrea , Fini Milena 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBiosensors are composed of (bio)receptors, transducers, and detection systems and are able to convert the biological stimulus into a measurable signal.This systematic review evaluates the current state of the art of innovation and research in this field, identifying the biosensors that in vitro monitor the musculoskeletal system cellular processes.Two databases found 20 in vitro studies, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2017, dealing with musculoskeletal system cells. The biosensors were divided into two groups based on the transduction mechanism: optical or electrochemical.The first group evaluated osteoblasts or mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biocompatibility, viability, differentiation, alkaline phosphatase, enzyme, and protein detection. The second group detected cell impedance, ATP release, and superoxide concentration in tenocytes, osteoblasts, MSCs, and myoblasts.This review highlighted that the in vitro scenario is still at an early phase and limited for what concerns both the type of bioanalyte and for the type of system detector used.
Safer health care environments by design
Authors: Clark Tom , Sine David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHealth care environments can and are being designed to prevent injury, minimize human error, and actually promote improved health and safety. This article shows risk managers how evidence‐based design is reducing medication error, staff injury, infection rates, patient falls, and more. Research knowledge can contribute to effective design solutions by simply clarifying a safety problem so solutions can be sought; it can inform the design process with potential solutions; or it can be part of a structured process where new research knowledge is created. This article shares specific examples of the types of research that can inform designing for a safer physical environment. A case study shows how one project in two phases benefited from engaging initially in a general way and later, in a highly structured process, to integrate the evidence to improve design for safety.
Data analysis to modeling to building theory in NK cell biology and beyond: How can computational modeling contribute?
Authors: Das Jayajit , Lanier Lewis L 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The use of mathematical and computational tools in investigating Natural Killer (NK) cell biology and in general the immune system has increased steadily in the last few decades. However, unlike the physical sciences, there is a persistent ambivalence, which however is increasingly diminishing, in the biology community toward appreciating the utility of quantitative tools in addressing questions of biological importance. We survey some of the recent developments in the application of quantitative approaches for investigating different problems in NK cell biology and evaluate opportunities and challenges of using quantitative methods in providing biological insights in NK cell biology.
Value of gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI and diffusion‐weighted imaging in the differentiation of hypervascular hyperplastic nodule from small (<3 cm) hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Kim Seung Soo , Kim Seong Hyun , Song Kyoung Doo , Choi Seo‐Youn , Heo Nam Hun 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundHypervascular hyperplastic nodules (HHNs) occasionally develop in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) and show arterial enhancement, thus mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Importantly, HHN as a benign lesion should be distinguished from HCC.PurposeTo evaluate the value of gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI (Gd‐EOB‐MRI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in distinguishing HHN from small (<3 cm) hypervascular HCC (hHCC) in patients with ALC.Study TypeRetrospective case–control study.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T/in‐ and out‐of‐phase, T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, apparent diffusion coefficient, and dynamic gadoxetic acid‐enhanced images.PopulationAmong 560 patients with ALC who underwent Gd‐EOB‐MRI and DWI, 12 patients with 28 HHNs and 22 patients with 29 hHCCs smaller than 3 cm were included.AssessmentThe following MRI features were evaluated by three independent radiologists: signal intensity (SI) on T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) images; shape, homogeneity, and margin on HBP; diffusion restriction; intralesional fat; necrosis; hemorrhage; washout on portal venous phase (PVP) and/or transitional phase (TP); and capsular enhancement. Quantitative analysis was also conducted.Statistical TestsUnivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the significant MRI findings, and their diagnostic performance for the prediction of HHN was analyzed.ResultsLesion size of ≤16 mm (odds ratio [OR], 24.41;P= 0.007), low‐to‐iso SI on DWI (OR, 26.92;P= 0.007), and absence of washout on PVP and/or TP (OR, 31.84;P= 0.009) were significant independent factors for predicting HHN. When all three criteria were satisfied, the specificity was 100%. Compared with hHCCs, HHNs showed significantly smaller size (mean, 13.8 mm vs. 19.9 mm;P< 0.001) and higher mean SI value (994.0 vs. 669.5) and lesion‐to‐liver SI ratio (1.045 vs. 0.806) on HBP (P< 0.001, respectively).Data ConclusionGd‐EOB‐MRI and DWI may be helpful in differentiating HHN from small hHCC in patients with ALC.Level of Evidence:3Technical Efficacy Stage:2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:70–80.
Reliability of Quantitative Assessment of Distal Radioulnar Joint Stability With Force‐Monitor Ultrasonography
Authors: Yuine Hiroshi , Yoshii Yuichi , Tung Wen‐lin , Ishii Tomoo , Shiraishi Hideki 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of ultrasound assessment of the displacement–force relationships for distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability. Non‐dominant wrists of 10 healthy male subjects were evaluated by force‐monitor ultrasonography. This apparatus was developed to apply cyclic compression to the wrist with pre‐determined transducer displacement conditions in the range of 0.1–3.0 mm. The subject's wrist was placed on the table with the forearm in the pronated position. The transducer was placed on the dorsal surface of the distal radius and ulna, perpendicular to the long axis of the forearm. The center of the ulnar head was at the DRUJ level. The distance between the dorsal surface of the distal radius and the ulnar head was measured at an initial and a pressed‐down position. Changes in radioulnar displacement, force to the wrist and the displacement/force ratio were evaluated. The measurements were performed independently by two raters. The intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the radioulnar displacement were 0.76, 0.68, and 0.93, in the 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mm transducer displacement conditions, respectively. The ICCs for the force to the wrist were 0.18, 0.67, and 0.34, in different transducer displacement conditions, respectively. The ICCs for the displacement/force ratios were 0.68, 0.67, and 0.97, in different transducer displacement conditions, respectively. The highest ICC for the radioulnar displacement and the displacement/force ratio was observed in the 3.0 mm displacement condition. This assessment of displacement–force relationships may be useful to quantify DRUJ stability. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2053–2060, 2019
Dissipation studies of famoxadone in vegetables under greenhouse conditions using liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry: putative elucidation of a new metabolite
Authors: López‐Ruiz Rosalía , Romero‐González Roberto , Ortega‐Carrasco Elisabeth , Garrido Frenich Antonia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFamoxadone is a pesticide that is used to control fungal diseases and its dissipation in vegetables should be monitored. For that purpose, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has been used.RESULTSThe dissipation of famoxadone has been monitored in cucumber, cherry tomato and courgette under greenhouse conditions at different doses (single and double), using ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany). The concentration of famoxadone increased slightly just after the application of the commercial product and then decreased. The half‐lives (DT50) of famoxadone are different for each matrix, ranging from 2 days (courgette single dose) to 10 days (cucumber double dose). The main metabolites, 4‐phenoxybenzoic acid and 1‐acetyl‐2‐phenylhydrazine, were not detected in vegetable samples. Other metabolites described by the European Food and Safety Authority, such as IN‐JS940 [(2RS)‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐(4‐phenoxyphenyl)propanoic acid], IN‐KF015 [(5RS)‐5‐methyl‐5‐(4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2,4‐dione] and IN‐MN467 [(5RS)‐5‐methyl‐3‐[(2‐nitrophenyl)amino]‐5‐(4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2,4‐dione], were detected in the three matrices. Untargeted analysis allowed for the putative elucidation of a new metabolite of famoxadone in cucumber (up to 290 μg kg−1) and cherry tomato (up to 900 μg kg−1) samples.CONCLUSIONThe dissipation of famoxadone has been investigated in three vegetables: tomato, cucumber and courgette. The persistence of famoxadone was low in the three matrices (DT50 less than 10 days). Metabolites of famoxadone were monitored, detecting IN‐JS940, IN‐MN467 and IN‐KF015, and the putative elucidation of a new metabolite of famoxadone was performed by applying software tools. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Predicting effects of borderline personality symptoms and self‐concept and identity disturbances on internet addiction, depression, and suicidality in college students: A prospective study
Authors: Chen Ting‐Hsiang , Hsiao Ray C. , Liu Tai‐Ling , Yen Cheng‐Fang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aims of this study were to evaluate the predicting effects of borderline personality symptoms and self‐concept and identity disturbances on internet addiction, significant depression, and suicidality among college students at follow‐up assessments conducted 1 year later. A sample of 500 college students aged between 20 and 30 years participated in this study. Their levels of borderline personality symptoms, self‐concept and identity disturbances, internet addiction, depression, and suicidality at baseline and at follow‐up interviews were assessed through the Borderline Symptoms List, Self‐concept and Identity Measure, Chen Internet Addiction Scale, Beck Depression Inventory‐II, and questions related to suicidality from the Epidemiological version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, respectively. A total of 324 college students received follow‐up assessments 1 year later. Among them, 15.4%, 27.5%, and 17% had internet addiction, significant depression, and suicidality, respectively. Our result revealed the severity of borderline symptoms, disturbed identity, unconsolidated identity, and lack of identity at initial assessment increased the occurrence of internet addiction, significant depression, and suicidality at follow‐up assessment except for the predictive effect of unconsolidated identity on internet addiction. The results indicated that self‐concept and identity and borderline symptoms may have a significant role in the risk of mental health problems in college students.
Aberrant localization of signaling proteins in skin cancer: Implications for treatment
Authors: Holmes Thomas R. , Dindu Shravya , Hansen Laura A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAberrant subcellular localization of signaling proteins can provide cancer cells with advantages such as resistance to apoptotic cell death, increased invasiveness and more rapid proliferation. Nuclear to cytoplasmic shifts in tumor‐promoting proteins can lead to worse patient outcomes, providing opportunities to target cancer‐specific processes. Herein, we review the significance of dysregulated protein localization with a focus on skin cancer. Altered localization of signaling proteins controlling cell cycle progression or cell death is a common feature of cancer. In some instances, aberrant subcellular localization results in an acquired prosurvival function. Taking advantage of this knowledge reveals novel targets useful in the development of cancer therapeutics.
Hypermobility, developmental coordination disorder and physical activity in an Irish paediatric population
Authors: Moore Nicola , Rand Sarah , Simmonds Jane 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) and generalized hypermobility spectrum disorder (gHSD) using the new classification system in a community paediatric physiotherapy service in Ireland. The second aim was to explore the relationship between GJH, gHSD and physical activity level, while considering the association of probable developmental coordination disorder (pDCD).MethodsA case‐controlled cross‐sectional study of children aged 6–12 years, recruited from the community paediatric physiotherapy department (n = 32) and a local school (n = 41), was carried out. A Beighton score of ≥6/9 distinguished GJH. The new framework for hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) was used. Self‐reported physical activity level was measured using the Physical Activity Questionnaire—Older Children. A parent‐reported validated questionnaire screened for pDCD.ResultsThe prevalence of GJH was 21.9% of children attending physiotherapy. One child in the physiotherapy group was identified as having gHSD, with a prevalence of 3.1%. There was no significant difference in physical activity level between children with and without GJH attending physiotherapy (independent samples t‐test, p = 0.28). Probable developmental coordination disorder (pDCD) was observed in 71.9% of children attending physiotherapy. There was no significant difference in the number of children with pDCD in those with and without GJH (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.370).ConclusionsThis study was the first to explore the prevalence of GJH and gHSD in the paediatric physiotherapy population in Ireland. The presence of GJH did not affect self‐reported physical activity level or motor coordination in children attending physiotherapy.
Intramolecular Path Determination of Active Electrons on Push‐Pull Oligocarbazole Dyes‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Trabelsi Salma , Kouki Nouha , Seydou Mahamadou , Maurel François , Tangour Bahoueddine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral push‐pull oligocarbazole dye‐sensitizers have been studied using theoretical methods in order to better understand the relationship between structural electronic or optical properties and intramolecular path of active electrons during the ionization and injection processes. DFT/TD‐DFT calculations were performed on a series of five dye sensitizers. They differ by the presence of electron donating group (EDG) by inductive effect (noted+I) or electron releasing group (ERG) by mesomeric effect (noted+M) or electron withdrawing group by inductive effect (noted‐I) on the pushed part of the dyes studied. Our work focused on the internal distribution of electrons in the different parts of dye that are the push/pull moieties and the π‐bridge. The study concerned the ground state, the electronic transition process and the excited state. In each situation, the fragment acting in the ionization or transition phenomena were identified. In the ground state, the electrons of the push part appear to be the least bound because they have the highest probabilities of ionization. In the excited state, the ionized atoms are essentially positioned in the pushing part and some neighboring atoms of the bridge. In the electronic transition, the active atoms are located in the π‐conjugated part but only on the side adjacent to the acceptor group. To arrive to this conclusion, we optimized the structures of the five dyes in their ground and excited states. We calculated the atomic charges, the wavelengths and intensities of electronic transitions in the visible domain, the reorganization energies as well as the oxidation potential. It appears that +M donor ligands improve the performance of a dye because the great distribution of atoms to be ionized in the push parts.
Block copolymer composition drives function of self‐assembled nanoparticles for delivery of small‐molecule cargo
Authors: Maikawa Caitlin L. , Sevit Alex , Lin Binhong , Wallstrom Rachel J. , Mann Joseph L. , Yu Anthony C. , Waymouth Robert M. , Appel Eric A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTNanoparticles are useful for the delivery of small molecule therapeutics, increasing their solubility, in vivo residence time, and stability. Here, we used organocatalytic ring opening polymerization to produce amphiphilic block copolymers for the formation of nanoparticle drug carriers with enhanced stability, cargo encapsulation, and sustained delivery. These polymers comprised blocks of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(valerolactone) (PVL), and poly(lactide) (PLA). Four particle chemistries were examined: (a) PEG‐PLA, (b) PEG‐PVL, (c) a physical mixture of PEG–PLA and PEG–PVL, and (d) PEG–PVL–PLA tri‐block copolymers. Nanoparticle stability was assessed at room temperature (20 °C; pH = 7), physiological temperature (37 °C; pH = 7), in acidic media (37 °C; pH = 2), and with a digestive enzyme (lipase; 37 °C; pH = 7.4). PVL‐based nanoparticles demonstrated the highest level of stability at room temperature, 37 °C and acidic conditions, but were rapidly degraded by lipase. Moreover, PVL‐based nanoparticles demonstrated good cargo encapsulation, but rapid release. In contrast, PLA‐based nanoparticles demonstrated poor stability and encapsulation, but sustained release. The PEG–PVL–PLA nanoparticles exhibited the best combination of stability, encapsulation, and release properties. Our results demonstrate the ability to tune nanoparticle properties by modifying the polymeric architecture and composition. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1322–1332
Catalytic Investigation of Ag Nanostructures Loaded on Porous Hematite Cubes: Infiltrated versus Exteriors
Authors: Manivannan Shanmugam , Kim Mun‐Seok , Yim Taeeun , Kim Kyuwon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAg Nanostructures (NSs) were successfully infiltrated on porous Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) Cubes and exteriorly deposited on Prussian blue (PB) Cubes to derive two different types (Infiltrated–Ag and Exterior/Ag) of metal loaded semiconductor composites. In the Infiltrated–Ag, Ag NSs were infiltrated through the pores of Hematite Cubes whereas; it was exteriorly deposited with Exterior/Ag catalyst. Both infiltrated and exteriorly deposited Ag NSs were carefully characterized by morphological and physiological characterization tools and the prepared catalysts were applied toward reduction reaction of p‐nitrophenol (PNP) in the presence of NaBH4 by UV‐vis spectroscopy. It was found that “Infiltrated–Ag” exhibited bi‐functional properties with specific surface area and high catalytic activity toward PNP reduction. Such catalytic activity of the “Infiltrated–Ag” might be attributed to the electron enriched Hematite/Ag interface and its efficient contribution to the electron transfer between Hematite/Ag and PNP.
A Novel Ligand‐free Manganese‐catalyzed C‐O Coupling Protocol for the Synthesis of Biaryl Ethers
Authors: Rohit K. R. , Saranya Salim , Harry Nissy Ann , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractManganese catalysis is employed for the first time in the synthesis of biaryl ethers using various phenols and electron deficient aryl iodides as the coupling partners. This protocol does not require any ligand and employs relatively cheap, less toxic and easy to handle manganese chloride tetrahydrate as the metal catalyst. Aryl iodides having electron withdrawing groups provide a wide range of substrate scope for different phenols with moderate to excellent yields.
Antioxidant Change in Biosynthesis from Naringenin Chalcone to Flavonoid Apingenin
Authors: Cai Rongxin , Li Xican , Chen Ban , Xie Yulu , Xie Hong , Chen Dongfeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNaringenin chalcone (NAC) can undergo biosynthesis to convert into dihydroflavonoid naringenin and then to flavonoid apigenin. To explore the antioxidant change during this biosynthesis, the three were comparatively analyzed using several methods. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis gave a dimer MS peak and an adduct MS peak when each of them mixing the 1,1’‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical. In antioxidant colorimetric analyses, the IC50 values increased in the order NAC < apigenin < naringenin. Thus, the three can scavenge free radicals via a chain reaction including propagation and termination steps. The propagation step involves a hydrogen‐atom‐abstraction (or electron‐transfer plus H+‐transfer) antioxidant mechanism. From NAC to naringenin, the antioxidant potential decreases, possibly due to enzymatic cyclization, which eliminates a phenolic ‐OH and saturates a C=C bond. From naringenin to apigenin, the antioxidant potential increases because the 2,3‐dehydrogenation reaction cause extended π‐π conjugation. In the termination step, each of them forms a dimer product and an adduct‐with‐radical product.
Ramipril and resveratrol co‐treatment attenuates RhoA/ROCK pathway‐regulated early‐stage diabetic nephropathy‐associated glomerulosclerosis in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Peng Xiang , Su Haiyan , Liang Dali , Li Jeihua , Ting Wei‐Jen , Liao Shih‐Chieh , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractClinical studies have shown that hyperglycemia can induce early‐stage diabetic nephropathy (DN). Furthermore, oxidative stress, tubular epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix accumulation promote the progression of DN to chronic kidney disease and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. It is necessary to initiate treatment at the early stages of DN or even during the early stages of diabetes. In this work, rats with streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes mellitus (DM) presented early DN symptoms within 45 days, and collagen accumulation in the glomerulus of the rats was primarily mediated through the RhoA/ROCK pathway instead of the TGF‐β signaling pathway. Resveratrol (15 mg/kg/day) and ramipril (10 mg/kg/day) co‐treatment of STZ‐induced DN rats showed that glomerulosclerosis in early‐stage DN was reversible (P < .05 compared with that in STZ‐induced DM rats). The results of this study support early intervention in diabetes or DN as a more efficient therapeutic strategy.