bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring factors that influence adult presentation to an emergency department in regional Queensland: A linked, cross‐sectional, patient perspective study
Authors: O'Loughlin Mary , Harriss Linton , Thompson Fintan , McDermott Robyn , Mills Jane 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveExplore factors that influence presentation at a regional hospital ED and identify opportunities to reduce attendance, particularly for adults with chronic conditions.MethodsCross‐sectional survey of ED attenders, for 1 month period (March to April 2014), with linkage of survey data to administrative data sets.ResultsA total of 1000 adults completed the survey of which 549 (54.9%) self‐identified as living with a chronic condition. Over half (n = 572, 57.2%) had their presenting problem for less than 24 h prior to attending the ED and 56.8% (n = 568) attended the ED outside working hours. Most ED presentations were recorded in the administrative data set as self‐referred (n = 933, 93.3%); however, 29% (n = 290) of survey participants reported being referred to the ED by a medical practitioner. The majority of adults had a regular general practice (n = 863, 86.3%) with 30% (n = 258) visiting their practice in the week prior to presentation at the ED. Awareness of services such as the 13‐Health telephone advice line was generally low (n = 370, 37%) and most did not consider alternative health services as suitable for their care. High‐quality care, co‐location of diagnostic services and extended hours of service were important to patients.ConclusionDespite being connected to a general practice, people focussed their health‐seeking behaviour on the ED in the immediate period prior to presentation. Patients reported a limited awareness of alternative health services and opportunities exist to potentially reduce ED attendance, particularly for young and middle‐aged adults with chronic conditions.
Towards informed metrics for examining the role of human‐induced animal responses in tag studies on wild animals
Authors: WILSON Rory P. , HOLTON Mark , WILSON Vianney L. , GUNNER Richard , TYSSE Brenda , WILSON Gwendoline I. , QUINTANA Flavio , DUARTE Carlos , SCANTLEBURY D. Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTwo prime issues can detrimentally affect animals that have been equipped with tags: (i) the effect of the capture and restraint process; and (ii) the effect of the tag itself. This work examines some of the issues surrounding quantification of tag effects on wild animals for both restrained and free‐living animals. A new method to quantify stress effects based on monitoring ventilation rates in relation to activity is suggested for restrained animals which may help improve the practice of handling animals. It is also suggested that various metrics, many derived from accelerometers, can be examined in tagged wild animals to examine the change in behaviors over time with a view to having a better understanding of welfare issues, assuring the quality of recorded data and informing best practice.
Variations in the oxytocin receptor gene and prosocial behavior: moderating effects of situational factors
Authors: WU Nan , SU Yanjie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHumans are the most prosocial primate species and they often exhibit high levels of prosocial behavior toward genetically unrelated individuals. Traditional evolutionary theories are not sufficient to explain the individual differences and mechanisms related to prosociality. In this study, we focused on the gene–situation interaction in prosocial behaviors, and the patterns of genotype variance related to cooperation and comforting in different situations. We explored the interaction between the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and situations, and the genotype variance under low and high prosociality situations between outgroup and ingroup recipients in a sample of 422 Chinese males. Prosociality was tested by measuring the prosocial tendencies, and prosocial behaviors were tested in cooperation and comforting tasks. OXTR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The results suggested that the relationship between OXTR SNPs (specifically rs13316193, rs1042778 and rs237887) and prosocial behavior varied across different situations, and that the associations were moderated by the recipient's identity and the prosocial cost. Our findings indicate the action of a moderating mechanism between the OXTR gene and prosocial behaviors according to situational factors.
Predictors and consequences of postdischarge gastrointestinal bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zhu Pei , Tang Xiaofang , Xu Jingjing , Song Ying , Liu Ru , Zhang Yin , Gao Lijian , Gao Zhan , Chen Jue , Yang Yuejin , Gao Runlin , Xu Bo , Yuan Jinqing 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAimTo evaluate the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of postdischarge gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a 2‐year follow‐up study.Methods and ResultsAll consecutive patients who underwent PCI throughout 2013 were enrolled. Multivariable cox proportional hazards regression were used to identify predictors of postdischarge GIB and 2‐year major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Among 10 637 enrolled patients, postdischarge GIB events occurred in 123 (1.1%) patients at a median time of 329 days (interquartile range: 191‐504 days). Predictor of postdischarge GIB included renal dysfunction and use of ticagrelor. There was no significant association between postdischarge GIB and MACCE (7.3% vs 12.0%, P = .092). Among whole population, 310 (2.91%) patients had dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) cessation. DAPT cessation was strongly associated with 2‐year mortality (21.6% vs 0.4%, P < .001).ConclusionIn this large cohort of real‐world patients after PCI, postdischarge GIB was not significantly associated with MACCE up to 2 years of follow‐up but lead to an increase in DAPT cessation, and DAPT cessation was strongly associated with 2‐year mortality.
Pre‐operative fluid bolus for improved haemodynamic stability during minor surgery: A prospectively randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kratz T. , Hinterobermaier J. , Timmesfeld N. , Kratz C. , Wulf H. , Steinfeldt T. , Zoremba M. , Aust H. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundHaemodynamic instability during the induction of anaesthesia and surgery is common and may be related to hypovolaemia caused by pre‐operative fasting or chronic diuretic therapy. The aim of our prospective, controlled, randomized study was to test the hypothesis that a predefined fluid bolus given prior to general anaesthesia for minor surgery would increase haemodynamic stability during anaesthetic induction.MethodsTwo hundred and nineteen fairly healthy adult patients requiring minor surgery were enrolled. All received standard treatment, including a pulse contour analysing device for non‐invasive measurement of cardiac index. Infusion therapy was started in all patients at induction. The intervention group (106 patients) was randomized to receive an additional fluid bolus of 8 mL/kg Ringer's acetate solution before the induction of anaesthesia. The primary endpoint was the incidence of haemodynamic instability, defined as a significant reduction of blood pressure or cardiac index during induction of anaesthesia.ResultsThe interventional group had a lesser incidence of haemodynamic instability during induction (41.5% vs 56.6%, P = .025). This group also had higher cardiac index, stroke volume index, systolic and mean blood pressure and a greater left ventricular end‐diastolic area.ConclusionsA fluid bolus prior to anaesthesia reduced the incidence of haemodynamic instability during induction of general anaesthesia. The total fluid volume was slightly greater in the intervention group compared to the control group (1370 ± 439 mL vs 1219 ± 483 mL, P = .007). We conclude that a defined fluid bolus can help stabilizing haemodynamics in patients undergoing general anaesthesia.
Hindlimb bone maturation during postnatal life in the Greater Rhea (Rhea americana, Aves, Palaeognathae): Implications for palaeobiological and zooarchaeological interpretations
Authors: Picasso Mariana B. J. , Barbeito Claudio Gustavo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to study the morphological pattern of bone maturation of the hindlimb bones of Rhea americana and find out how it can affect bone morphology after a taphonomic process. Juvenile specimens (n = 10) ranging from one month old to eight months old were studied. For comparison, bones from adults and juveniles from museum specimens (n = 4 and n = 6, respectively) were studied. In fresh bones, ossification centres were identified in the proximal and distal epiphyses of the tibiotarsi and in the proximal epiphysis of the tarsometatarsi, whereas the distal region of the femora and tarsometatarsi showed abundance of cartilage. The development and extension of the ossification centres of the tibiotarsi were different. In the proximal epiphysis, the centre presented less development with respect to the distal epiphysis. In the dry tibiotarsi, the proximal centre was absent and the distal one was well preserved. Both the fresh and dry juvenile tarsometatarsi presented unfused metatarsals and bulkier and wider aspect than the adult ones. The dry femora presented a noticeable excavation between condyles, whereas the dry tarsometatarsi showed the absence of the proximal epiphysis. The femora, tibiotarsi and tarsometatarsi possessed different traits of immaturity, which differentially affect the morphology of the preserved bones during a taphonomic process.
Time and Relational Possibility: Cultural Anthropology in 2017
Authors: Tamarkin Noah 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThis essay reviews work produced in predominantly US cultural anthropology publications throughout 2017. It asks: What makes an anthropological inquiry timely, what sorts of relationalities command anthropological attention, and to what end? Noting our ongoing methodological commitment to long‐term ethnography alongside increasingly important online forums for reaching broader publics and responding quickly to emerging issues, it expands the range of work surveyed to include some online‐only short essays alongside the larger collection of traditionally published research articles. Characterized by empathic inquiry, frequently drawing on years of ethnographic and personal experience with the places, people, and other entities that we write about, and often attentive to histories at multiple scales, cultural anthropology of this moment, however published, grapples with dark times while it also offers ways of imagining other, better futures and ways of being in relation to others. Two thematic clusters organize this essay: the first considers temporality alongside mobility and sovereignty, and the second considers relationality alongside subjectivity and mediation. Together, all of these concerns—that are both of the moment and long standing—build a varied body of work that grapples with the interrelationalities that constitute power, place, and possibility. I argue that what makes an anthropological inquiry timely is the extent to which it is relationally informed and attuned to care for worlds that we inhabit and imagine, together. [year in review, sociocultural anthropology, temporality, mobility, sovereignty, relationality, subjectivity, mediation]
Comparison of corneal collagen cross‐linking (PACK‐CXL) and voriconazole treatments in experimental fungal keratitis
Authors: Özdemir Hüseyin Baran , Kalkancı Ayşe , Bilgihan Kamil , Göçün Pınar Uyar , Öğüt Betül , Karakurt Funda , Erdoğan Merve 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare the antifungal efficacy of corneal collagen cross‐linking with photoactivated riboflavin (PACK‐CXL) and voriconazole in experimental Fusarium solani and Candida albicans keratitis models.MethodsSixty‐four corneas of 32 New Zealand rabbits were included and divided into two main groups. Intrastromal injection of Fusarium and Candida suspensions was performed, and it was observed that keratitis was formed on the third day. Both groups were randomly separated into the following four groups: control, PACK‐CXL, voriconazole and PACK‐CXL combined with voriconazole. PACK‐CXL was applied using 0.25% riboflavin in an accelerated Dresden protocol (total ultraviolet A dose 5.4 J/cm²). Voriconazole was applied topically as 7x1/day with a dose of 1% (10 mg/ml). Corneal buttons were excised on the tenth day, and microbiological and pathological examinations were performed.ResultsThe PACK‐CXL and PACK‐CXL combined with voriconazole groups each had 100 colony‐forming unit (CFU/ml) of reproduced micro‐organisms compared with 500 CFU/ml in the voriconazole group and 1500 CFU/ml in the control group (p < 0.001) in the Fusarium keratitis model. The PACK‐CXL combined with voriconazole group had 100 CFU/ml, the PACK‐CXL group had 150 CFU/ml, and the voriconazole group had 200 CFU/ml of reproduced micro‐organisms compared with 4000 CFU/ml in the control group (p < 0.002) in the Candida keratitis model. (p < 0.001). Fewer hyphae and non‐specific stromal changes were observed in the pathological cross sections examined in subgroups that used CXL.ConclusionThere was less fungus reproduction and a lower keratitis score for Fusarium solani and Candida albicans in the treatment groups compared to the control groups, especially in groups that used PACK‐CXL. These results suggest that it is useful to combine PACK‐CXL treatment with medical treatment in the fungal keratitis algorithm at the early stage of the disease.
Muscle mass and inspired oxygen influence oxygen extraction at maximal exercise: Role of mitochondrial oxygen affinity
Authors: Cardinale D. A. , Larsen F. J. , Jensen‐Urstad M. , Rullman E. , Søndergaard H. , Morales‐Alamo D. , Ekblom B. , Calbet J. A. L. , Boushel R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimWe examined the Fick components together with mitochondrial O2 affinity (p50mito) in defining O2 extraction and O2 uptake during exercise with large and small muscle mass during normoxia (NORM) and hyperoxia (HYPER).MethodsSeven individuals performed 2 incremental exercise tests to exhaustion on a bicycle ergometer (BIKE) and 2 on a 1‐legged knee extension ergometer (KE) in NORM or HYPER. Leg blood flow and VO2 were determined by thermodilution and the Fick method. Maximal ADP‐stimulated mitochondrial respiration (OXPHOS) and p50mito were measured ex vivo in isolated mitochondria. Mitochondrial excess capacity in the leg was determined from OXPHOS in permeabilized fibres and muscle mass measured with magnetic resonance imaging in relation to peak leg O2 delivery.ResultsThe ex vivo p50mito increased from 0.06 ± 0.02 to 0.17 ± 0.04 kPa with varying substrate supply and O2 flux rates from 9.84 ± 2.91 to 16.34 ± 4.07 pmol O2·s−1·μg−1 respectively. O2 extraction decreased from 83% in BIKE to 67% in KE as a function of a higher O2 delivery and lower mitochondrial excess capacity. There was a significant relationship between O2 extraction and mitochondrial excess capacity and p50mito that was unrelated to blood flow and mean transit time.ConclusionO2 extraction varies with mitochondrial respiration rate, p50mito and O2 delivery. Mitochondrial excess capacity maintains a low p50mito which enhances O2 diffusion from microvessels to mitochondria during exercise.
Letter: new thresholds need to be defined when using point of care assays to monitor infliximab trough levels in IBD patients
Authors: Dutzer D. , Nasser Y. , Berger A. E. , Roblin X. , Paul S. 
Published: May 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Papamichael et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14458.
Editorial: platelet transfusions in cirrhosis—do the risks outweigh the unclear benefits?
Authors: Patel Y. A. , Muir A. J. 
Published: May 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Støy et al and Støy and Shawcross papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14600 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14671.
Letter: serum HBcrAg is a useful marker for disease monitoring, predicting treatment response and disease outcome of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Wang M.‐L. , Chen E.‐Q. , Tao C.‐M. , Tang H. 
Published: May 2018

Linked contentThis article is linked to Mak et al and Mak and Yuen papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14376 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14684.
Vitamin D assays and the definition of hypovitaminosis D: results from the First International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D
Authors: Sempos Christopher T. , Heijboer Annemieke C. , Bikle Daniel D. , Bollerslev Jens , Bouillon Roger , Brannon Patsy M. , DeLuca Hector F. , Jones Glenville , Munns Craig F. , Bilezikian John P. , Giustina Andrea , Binkley Neil 
Published: May 2018

The First International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D was held in Pisa, Italy, 14–16 June 2017. The meeting's purpose was to address controversies in vitamin D research, review the data available, to help resolve them, and suggest a research agenda to clarify areas of uncertainty. The serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration [i.e. the sum of 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2] remains the critical measurement for defining vitamin D status. Assay variation for 25(OH)D has contributed to the current chaos surrounding efforts to define hypovitaminosis D. An essential requirement to develop a consensus on vitamin D status is that measurement of 25(OH)D and, in the future, other potential vitamin D biomarkers [e.g. 1α,25(OH)2D3, 3‐epi‐25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D3, vitamin D‐binding protein, free/bioavailable 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone] be standardized/harmonized, to allow pooling of research data. Vitamin D Standardization Program tools are described and recommended for standardizing 25(OH)D measurement in research. In the future, similar methodology, based on National Institute for Standards and Technology standard reference materials, must be developed for other candidate markers of vitamin D status. Failure to standardize/harmonize vitamin D metabolite measurements is destined to promulgate continued chaos. At this time, 25(OH)D values below 12 ng ml–1 (30 nmol l–1) should be considered to be associated with an increased risk of rickets/osteomalacia, whereas 25(OH)D concentrations between 20 ng ml–1 and 50 ng ml–1 (50–125 nmol l–1) appear to be safe and sufficient in the general population for skeletal health. In an effort to bridge knowledge gaps in defining hypovitaminosis D, an international study on rickets as a multifactorial disease is proposed.
Current issues in tropical phenology: a synthesis
Authors: Abernethy Katharine , Bush Emma R. , Forget Pierre‐Michel , Mendoza Irene , Morellato Leonor Patricia C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe retrace the development of tropical phenology research, compare temperate phenology study to that in the tropics and highlight the advances currently being made in this flourishing discipline. The synthesis draws attention to how fundamentally different tropical phenology data can be to temperate data. Tropical plants lack a phase of winter dormancy and may grow and reproduce continually. Seasonal patterns in environmental parameters, such as rainfall, irradiance or temperature, do not necessarily coincide temporally, as they do in temperate climes. We review recent research on the drivers of phenophase cycles in individual trees, species and communities and highlight how significant innovations in biometric tools and approaches are being driven by the need to deal with circular data, the complexity of defining tropical seasons and the myriad growth and reproductive strategies used by tropical plants. We discuss how important the use of leaf phenology (or remotely‐sensed proxies of leaf phenophases) has become in tracking biome responses to climate change at the continental level and how important the phenophase of forests can be in determining local weather conditions. We also highlight how powerful analyses of plant responses are hampered at many tropical sites by a lack of contextual data on local environmental conditions. We conclude by arguing that there is a clear global benefit in increasing long term tropical phenology data collection and improving empirical collection of local climate measures, contemporary to the phenology data. Directing more resources to research in this sector will be widely beneficial.
Annual cycles are the most common reproductive strategy in African tropical tree communities
Authors: Adamescu Gabriela S. , Plumptre Andrew J. , Abernethy Katharine A. , Polansky Leo , Bush Emma R. , Chapman Colin A. , Shoo Luke P. , Fayolle Adeline , Janmaat Karline R. L. , Robbins Martha M. , Ndangalasi Henry J. , Cordeiro Norbert J. , Gilby Ian C. , Wittig Roman M. , Breuer Thomas , Hockemba Mireille Breuer‐Ndoundou , Sanz Crickette M. , Morgan David B. , Pusey Anne E. , Mugerwa Badru , Gilagiza Baraka , Tutin Caroline , Ewango Corneille E. N. , Sheil Douglas , Dimoto Edmond , Baya Fidèle , Bujo Flort , Ssali Fredrick , Dikangadissi Jean‐Thoussaint , Jeffery Kathryn , Valenta Kim , White Lee , Masozera Michel , Wilson Michael L. , Bitariho Robert , Ndolo Ebika Sydney T. , Gourlet‐Fleury Sylvie , Mulindahabi Felix , Beale Colin M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present the first cross‐continental comparison of the flowering and fruiting phenology of tropical forests across Africa. Flowering events of 5446 trees from 196 species across 12 sites and fruiting events of 4595 trees from 191 species across 11 sites were monitored over periods of 6 to 29 years and analyzed to describe phenology at the continental level. To study phenology, we used Fourier analysis to identify the dominant cycles of flowering and fruiting for each individual tree and we identified the time of year African trees bloom and bear fruit and their relationship to local seasonality. Reproductive strategies were diverse, and no single regular cycle was found in >50% of individuals across all 12 sites. Additionally, we found annual flowering and fruiting cycles to be the most common. Sub‐annual cycles were the next most common for flowering, whereas supra‐annual patterns were the next most common for fruiting. We also identify variation in different subsets of species, with species exhibiting mainly annual cycles most common in West and West Central African tropical forests, while more species at sites in East Central and East African forests showed cycles ranging from sub‐annual to supra‐annual. Despite many trees showing strong seasonality, at most sites some flowering and fruiting occurred all year round. Environmental factors with annual cycles are likely to be important drivers of seasonal periodicity in trees across Africa, but proximate triggers are unlikely to be constant across the continent.