bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peraluminous granitoid magmatism from isotopically depleted sources: The case of Jing'erquanbei pluton in Eastern Tianshan, Northwest China
Authors: Muhtar M.N. , Wu Chang‐Zhi , Santosh M. , Lei Ru‐Xiong , Feng Yonggan , Yang Tao , Ye Hui , Gu Lian‐Xing 
Published: December 2018

The Eastern Tianshan region is a critical segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), one of the largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogenic belts in the world. Several pulses of isotopically depleted Late Palaeozoic calc‐alkaline and high‐K calc‐alkaline granitoid magmatism are known to be associated with the collisional orogeny in the CAOB. However, no systematic studies have been conducted on the peraluminous granites that were formed during the Late Palaeozoic collisional orogeny in Eastern Tianshan. Here, we present major and trace element characteristics, whole‐rock Sr–Nd isotopes, and zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf data from the Jing'erquanbei pluton in the eastern part of Eastern Tianshan. Zircon grains from the granite yield a weighted mean U–Pb age of 250 ± 4 Ma, which is consistent with the previously determined 40Ar–39Ar age of muscovite in the associated ore body, suggesting Late Permian magmatism. The pluton shows a wide range of Sr isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr = 0.705777–1.308836) but depleted Nd (εNd(t) = +6.71 to +8.21) and Hf (εHf (t) = +12.6 to +14.6) isotopic values. The Nd and Hf isotopic values are also consistent with the Nd and Hf isotopic values of the Carboniferous mafic volcanics (εNd(t) = +5.50 to +9.66, εHf (t) = +6.3 to +13.2) in Eastern Tianshan. The whole‐rock Nd model age (TDM2 = 350–480 Ma) and zircon Hf model age (TDM2 = 342–451 Ma) as well as the Carboniferous inherited zircon (341 ± 5 Ma) suggest that original magma was derived from young and depleted juvenile crust source. The granite is characterized by high SiO2 (74.50%–75.80%), enriched alkali contents with high sodium values (K2O + Na2O = 5.65%–8.20%, Na2O/K2O = 1.24–2.74), concentration of peraluminous elements (Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O) [A/CNK] = 1.18–1.24), high large‐ion lithophile element content, low Nb/Ta (9.97–10.64) ratio, variable Rb/Sr (0.18–16.11) ratios, and negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.05–0.81). These features suggest that some minerals, such as biotite, plagioclase, and apatite, underwent fractional crystallization during the formation and evolution of the pluton. Considering the regional magmatic activity as well as tectonic evolution, we speculate that peraluminous granites of the Huangshan–Jing'erquan area of Eastern Tianshan were generated during the postcollisional extension in the Late Permian. Dehydration and melting of the Carboniferous mafic volcanics through heat input from mafic–ultramafic magma in the Middle Permian is considered to have generated the peraluminous granites.
Petrogenesis of lamprophyres synchronous to kimberlites from the Wajrakarur kimberlite field: Implications for contrasting lithospheric mantle sources and geodynamic evolution of the eastern Dharwar Craton of southern India
Authors: Khan Sahroz , Dongre Ashish , Viljoen Fanus , Li Qiu‐Li , Le Roux Petrus 
Published: December 2018

Kimberlite field is an example of widespread Mesoproterozoic intracontinental magmatism. Recent studies have identified deep subcontinental lithospheric mantle as a source region of the kimberlite magmatism while timing, origin, and processes responsible for the generation of coeval lamprophyres remain poorly constrained. Here, we present and discuss new petrological and geochemical data for two lamprophyre dykes from the Wajrakarur kimberlite field and assess their petrogenetic relation to the kimberlite occurrences. Based on mineral compositional and whole‐rock geochemical characters, it is suggested that lamprophyres are formed through low degrees of partial melting of “enriched” lithospheric mantle that was modified and metasomatized by melts derived from recycled crust. This differs from geochemical imprints found in coeval kimberlites, where a crustal source component appears to be absent and is more consistent with rock derivation from “depleted” lithosphere which has experienced interaction with asthenosphere‐derived melts. An apparent lack of garnet in the mantle sources of lamprophyres is suggestive of melting at comparatively shallow depth (~100 km) relative to the kimberlites. Hence, these geochemically contrasting rocks, although have formed at the same time, are derived from vertically heterogeneous lithospheric mantle sources and can be explained through and linked with a thermal anomaly in the underlying convective asthenosphere. We suggest that the deeper mantle source region of the kimberlites was more pristine and devoid of subduction‐related signatures, whereas the shallower mantle source region of the lamprophyres seems to have preserved imprints of plate convergence and subduction associated with the evolution of the Dharwar Craton.
Values of fine‐needle aspiration cytology of parotid gland tumors: A review of 996 cases at a single institution
Authors: Suzuki Manabu , Kawata Ryo , Higashino Masaaki , Nishikawa Shuji , Terada Tetsuya , Haginomori Shin‐Ichi , Kurisu Yoshitaka , Hirose Yoshinobu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in a large series of benign and malignant parotid tumors.MethodsThe FNAC diagnosis of 821 benign and 175 malignant parotid tumors managed at our department between 1999 and 2017 was correlated with the final histology.ResultsFNAC made a correct histopathological diagnosis in 72% of the benign parotid tumors; however, FNAC provided a correct grade in only 34% of the malignant tumors. FNAC correctly identified the histology of 94% of pleomorphic adenomas subsequently confirmed by histopathological examination. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for detecting malignancy were 82.3%, 98.7%, and 95.9%, respectively.ConclusionFNAC generally provided the correct histological diagnosis for benign tumors. However, the histological evaluation and grading of malignant tumors were poor. Although FNAC showed good sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, its sensitivity decreased when nondiagnostic cases were included in the analysis.
Utility of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients receiving surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy for primary treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , Marinelli John P. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Link Michael J. , Janus Jeffrey R. , Foote Robert L. , Price Katharine A. , Garcia Joaquin , Rivera Michael , Chintakuntlawar Ashish V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPast research established that surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy (S + AR) improves overall survival (OS) in esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB). However, it is unknown if the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) further improves survival. The primary objective of this study was to compare survival among patients treated with S + AR alone to patients who underwent S + AR + AC.MethodsRetrospective review of patient records.ResultsThirty‐eight patients met inclusion criteria for either S + AR or S + AR + AC treatment groups. The S + AR + AC group contained more patients with Kadish stage D disease, dural invasion, and positive histologic margins postsurgery. All S + AR + AC patients received platinum‐based regimens, combined with etoposide in 67%. OS and recurrence‐free survival did not differ between the two groups, even when restricting the analysis to patients with Kadish stages B and C disease.ConclusionPatients who received platinum‐based AC did not exhibit improved survival compared to S + AR alone. Further investigation, preferably prospective, into the optimal use of systemic therapy in ENB is warranted.
Changes in monthly baseflow across the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Ayers Jessica R. , Villarini Gabriele , Jones Christopher , Schilling Keith 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCharacterizing streamflow changes in the agricultural U.S. Midwest is critical for effective planning and management of water resources throughout the region. The objective of this study is to determine if and how baseflow has responded to land alteration and climate changes across the study area during the 50‐year study period by exploring hydrologic variations based on long‐term stream gage data. This study evaluates monthly contributions to annual baseflow along with possible trends over the 1966–2016 period for 458 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gages within 12 different Midwestern states. It also examines the influence of climate and land use factors on the observed baseflow trends. Monthly contribution breakdowns demonstrate how the majority of baseflow is discharged into streams during the spring months (March, April, and May) and is overall more substantial throughout the spring (especially in April) and summer (June, July, and August). Baseflow has not remained constant over the study period, and the results of the trend detection from the Mann–Kendall test reveal that baseflows have increased and are the strongest from May to September. This analysis is confirmed by quantile regression, which suggests that for most of the year, the largest changes are detected in the central part of the distribution. Although increasing baseflow trends are widespread throughout the region, decreasing trends are few and limited to Kansas and Nebraska. Further analysis reveals that baseflow changes are being driven by both climate and land use change across the region. Increasing trends in baseflow are linked to increases in precipitation throughout the year and are most prominent during May and June. Changes in agricultural intensity (in terms of harvested corn and soybean acreage) are linked to increasing trends in the central and western Midwest, whereas increasing temperatures may lead to decreasing baseflow trends in spring and summer in northern Wisconsin, Kansas, and Nebraska.
An in situ hydrogel based on carboxymethyl chitosan and sodium alginate dialdehyde for corneal wound healing after alkali burn
Authors: Xu Wenhua , Liu Kaibin , Li Tong , Zhang Wenhua , Dong Yanhan , Lv Jiayi , Wang Wenli , Sun Jingguo , Li Mengjie , Wang Meng , Zhao Zihong , Liang Ye 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is currently no optimal scaffold for the transplantation of limbal stem cells (LSCs) to induce corneal reconstruction after corneal alkali burns. This study attempts to fabricate a novel in situ Alginate‐Chitosan hydrogel (ACH) for LSCs transplantation. Sodium alginate dialdehyde (SAD), a biological crosslinker, was prepared by periodate‐mediated sodium alginate oxidization. Carboxymethyl chitosan was rapidly crosslinked with SAD via Schiff's base formation between the available aldehyde and amino groups. The ACH is rapidly formed on the wound surface by self‐crosslinking without adding any chemical crosslinking component. Gelation time, transmittance, microscopic structure, equilibrium swelling, cytotoxicity, histocompatibility and degradability of the hydrogel were all examined. Rabbit primary LSCs were encapsulated in the hydrogel and transplanted to alkali burn wounds in vivo. Cornea reconstruction was evaluated by visual observation, slit lamp, histological analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. Results showed that the in situ hydrogel was highly transparent, gelated quickly, biocompatible, and had low cytotoxicity. LSCs cultured in vitro expressed the stem marker p63 but lacked the differentiated epithelial markers cytokeratin 3 and 12. Furthermore, the hydrogel encapsulating LSCs could be formed quickly on the alkali burn wound of the cornea and was shown to significantly improve epithelial reconstruction. Taken together, treatment with this novel in situ hydrogel‐mediated LSC transplantation system may serve as a rapid and effective method for corneal wound healing. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 742–754, 2019.
Functional bioreactor characterization to assess potentials of nanocomposites based on different alginate types and silver nanoparticles for use as cartilage tissue implants
Authors: Zvicer Jovana , Miskovic‐Stankovic Vesna , Obradovic Bojana 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work, functional characterization of biomaterials concerning potential application as articular cartilage implants was performed by using a biomimetic bioreactor with dynamic compression in the physiological regime (10% strain, 0.84 Hz frequency, 1 h on/1 h off). Specifically, two alginate types with low (LG) and high (HG) guluronic/mannuronic residue ratios with electrochemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were evaluated. HG Ag/alginate hydrogels were clearly indicated as potential candidates due to better initial mechanical properties as compared to LG hydrogels (dynamic compression modulus of ~60 vs. ~40 kPa) as well as the mechanical stability displayed during 7 days of dynamic compression. Cytotoxicity studies in 3D bovine cartilage explant cultures under dynamic compression have shown negligible effects as compared to standard 2D monolayers of bovine chondrocytes where moderate cytotoxicity was observed. Finally, experimental and mathematical modeling studies revealed different mechanisms of AgNP release under physiological‐like bioreactor conditions as compared to static conditions. Overall, the results clearly demonstrate bioreactor advantages in characterization and selection of candidate biomaterials as well as potentials to bridge the in vitro‐in vivo gap. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 755–768, 2019.
Evolution of Our Understanding of the Hyperparathyroid Syndromes: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Marx Stephen J , Goltzman David 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

We review advancing and overlapping stages for our understanding of the expressions of six hyperparathyroid (HPT) syndromes: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or type 4, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism, and familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. During stage 1 (1903 to 1967), the introduction of robust measurement of serum calcium was a milestone that uncovered hypercalcemia as the first sign of dysfunction in many HPT subjects, and inheritability was reported in each syndrome. The earliest reports of HPT syndromes were biased toward severe or striking manifestations. During stage 2 (1959 to 1985), the early formulations of a syndrome were improved. Radioimmunoassays (parathyroid hormone [PTH], gastrin, insulin, prolactin, calcitonin) were breakthroughs. They could identify a syndrome carrier, indicate an emerging tumor, characterize a tumor, or monitor a tumor. During stage 3 (1981 to 2006), the assembly of many cases enabled recognition of further details. For example, hormone non-secreting skin lesions were discovered in MEN1 and MEN2A. During stage 4 (1985 to the present), new genomic tools were a revolution for gene identification. Four principal genes (“principal” implies mutated or deleted in 50% or more probands for its syndrome) (MEN1, RET, CASR, CDC73) were identified for five syndromes. During stage 5 (1993 to the present), seven syndromal genes other than a principal gene were identified (CDKN1B, CDKN2B, CDKN2C, CDKN1A, GNA11, AP2S1, GCM2). Identification of AP2S1 and GCM2 became possible because of whole-exome sequencing. During stages 4 and 5, the newly identified genes enabled many studies, including robust assignment of the carriers and non-carriers of a mutation. Furthermore, molecular pathways of RET and the calcium-sensing receptor were elaborated, thereby facilitating developments in pharmacotherapy. Current findings hold the promise that more genes for HPT syndromes will be identified and studied in the near future. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Quality, bioactivity study, and preclinical acute toxicity, safety pharmacology evaluation of PEGylated recombinant human endostatin (M2ES)
Authors: Guo Lifang , Geng Xingchao , Liu Li , Miao Yufa , Lin Zhi , Yu Min , Fu Yan , Liu Lihong , Li Bo , Luo Yongzhang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEndostar, a potent endogenous antiangiogenic factor, is wildly used in clinics. However, it was easily degraded by enzymes and rapidly cleared by the kidneys. To overcome these shortcomings, PEGylated recombinant human endostatin was developed. In this study, the purity of M2ES was evaluated by silver stain and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Ultraviolet spectrum was used to examine the structural of M2ES and endostar. The bioactivity and antitumor efficacy of M2ES were evaluated using an in vitro endothelial cell migration model and athymic nude mouse xenograft model of a heterogeneous lung adenocarcinoma, respectively. A preclinical study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety pharmacology in rhesus monkeys. The purity of M2ES was more than 98%; PEG modification has no effect on endostatin structure. Compared with the control group, M2ES dramatically retards endothelial cell migration and tumor growth. After intravenous (IV) infusions of M2ES at a dose level of three and 75 mg/kg in rhesus monkeys, there was no observable serious adverse event in both acute toxicity and safety pharmacology study. On the basis of the quality and bioactivity study data of M2ES and the absence of serious side effect in rhesus monkeys, M2ES was authorized to initiate a phase I clinical trial.
MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 as prognostic markers for the early detection of urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Fouad Hanan , Salem Hosni , Ellakwa Doha El‐Sayed , Abdel‐Hamid Manal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe present study assessed protein and gene expression levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐2 (TIMP‐2), matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), and MMP‐9 in urine and blood samples of 50 patients with bladder carcinoma. The expression of TIMP‐2, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 levels with tumor stage and grade was also assessed. Results showed that the expression levels of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in both blood and urine were significantly elevated in group 1 when compared with groups 2 and 3 healthy subjects. The discriminatory ability in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression was confirmed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis that revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 levels were not correlated with grade or stage of the tumor. With respect to TIMP‐2 blood and urine levels, results showed a significant decrease in gene expression levels in bladder carcinoma group, whereas, TIMP‐2 protein showed a significant increase in bladder carcinoma.
Menadione perturbs oxidative stress biomarkers and testicular function indices of rats
Authors: Balogun Basheer A. , Aliyu Najeeb O. , Ajiboye Taofeek O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the influence of menadione on the androgenic, oxidative stress biomarkers, and testicular function indices in rats. Rats (20) were randomized into four groups (A‐D) of five rats each. Rats in groups A, B, C, and D received the vehicle of administration (olive oil), 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg body weight menadione intraperitoneally, respectively, for 7 days. Menadione lowered serum cholesterol, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone and luteinizing hormone reduced significantly in rats when compared with the control rats. Furthermore, menadione lowered the testicular function indices in the testes of rats. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the testes of menadione‐treated rats decreased significantly. Also, glutathione was depleted with concomitant malondialdehyde increase. The findings of this study show that menadione induces testicular toxicity by depleting the antioxidant defense system leading to perturbation in the testicular function indices.
miR‐627/HMGB1/NF‐κB regulatory loop modulates TGF‐β1‐induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Li Jie , Kong Xinyi , Jiang Shanshan , Liao Wenjian , Zhang Zhihui , Song Junfu , Liang Ying , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fibroproliferative disease that can eventually lead to fatal lung failure. It is characterized by abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts, dysregulated fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblast, and disorganized collagen and extracellular matrix production, deposition and degradation. There is still a lack of effective treatment strategies for PF. Extracellular high‐mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) induces PF through NF‐κB‐mediated TGF‐β1 release. Herein, we first validate the suppressive effect of HMGB1 knockdown on TGF‐β1‐induced α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and collagen I protein expression. In PF, miRNAs exert different effects through targeting various downstream target messenger RNAs. We searched an online database for dysregulated miRNAs in PF tissues; among them, miR‐627 was predicted by online tools to target HMGB1 to inhibit its expression. miR‐627 overexpression could partially reverse TGF‐β1‐induced normal human lung fibroblast proliferation, as well as α‐SMA and collagen I protein expression. miR‐627 inhibition could partially reverse the suppressive effect of HMGB1 knockdown on TGF‐β1‐induced α‐SMA and collagen I protein expression through direct binding to the 3′‐untranslated region of HMGB1. Moreover, miR‐627/HMGB1 affected TGF‐β1 release through RAGE/NF‐κB signaling; miR‐627/HMGB1 and RAGE/NF‐κB signaling formed a regulatory loop to modulate TGF‐β1‐induced PF in vitro. In conclusion, miR‐627 may be a potential agent that targets HMGB1 to inhibit its expression, thereby improving TGF‐β1‐induced PF in vitro.
Ultrasound‐targeted microbubble enhances migration and therapeutic efficacy of marrow mesenchymal stem cell on rat middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model
Authors: Qian Jian , Wang Luna , Li Qiming , Sha Dujuan , Wang Jun , Zhang Jun , Xu Peng , Fan Guofeng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo investigate the role of ultrasound‐targeted microbubbles in the homing effect of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and in the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs on the ischemic stroke. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was induced by plug wire preparation. Seventy‐two hours after MCAO, the treatment of BMSCs with ultrasound‐targeted microbubble was assessed via modified neurological severity score (mNSS), infarct volumes, and cerebral edema. In addition, immunofluorescence was performed to analyze the homing effect of BMSCs with ultrasound‐targeted microbubble. We find that BMSCs with ultrasound‐targeted microbubble (BMMSCs with ultrasound‐targeted microbubble [USMM] group) could significantly ameliorate mNSS, infarct volumes, and cerebral edema of MCAO compared with phosphate buffer saline group, BMSCs alone group (BMSC group), and BMSCs with Ultrasound group (Ultrasound group). Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that ultrasound‐targeted microbubbles promoted the accumulation of BMSCs in rat MCAO brains. Our findings demonstrated that ultrasound‐targeted microbubble could be an effective approach for the accumulation of BMSCs on ischemic stroke, and further improved the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs on MCAO.