bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen‐Generating Ru/Pt Bimetallic Photocatalysts Based on Phenyl‐Phenanthroline Peripheral Ligands
Authors: O'Reilly Laura , Pan Qing , Das Nivedita , Wenderich Kasper , Korterik Jeroen P. , Vos Johannes G. , Pryce Mary T. , Huijser Annemarie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent studies on hydrogen‐generating supramolecular bimetallic photocatalysts indicate a more important role of the peripheral ligands than expected, motivating us to design a Ru/Pt complex with 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline peripheral ligands. Photoinduced intra‐ and inter‐ligand internal conversion processes have been investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy, spanning the femto‐ to nanosecond timescale. After photoexcitation and ultrafast intersystem crossing, triplet states localised on either the peripheral ligands or on the bridging ligand/catalytic unit are populated in a non‐equilibrated way. Time‐resolved photoluminescence demonstrates that the lifetime for the Ru/Pt dinuclear species (795±8 ns) is significantly less than that of the mononuclear analogue (1375±20 ns). The photocatalytic studies show modest hydrogen turnover numbers, which is possibly caused by the absence of an excited state equilibrium. Finally, we identify challenges that must be overcome to further develop this class of photocatalysts and propose directions for future research.
How becoming a mother shapes implicit and explicit responses to infant cues
Authors: Senese Vincenzo P. , Miranda Maria C. , De Falco Simona , Venuti Paola , Bornstein Marc H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study (a) investigates effects of the transition to motherhood on implicit and explicit responses to infant cues; (b) assesses influences of prior parenting and delivery experiences on implicit and explicit responses to infant cues; and (c) investigates relations between implicit and explicit responses to infant cues and parenting beliefs. A total of 45 pregnant women were followed from the sixth month of pregnancy to the third month after the childbirth and were administered a Single Category Implicit Association Test, a semantic differential scale, the Adult Parental Acceptance–Rejection scale, and the Parental Style Questionnaire. The transition to motherhood influenced explicit not implicit responses; only implicit responses were shaped by prior parenting experiences and mode of delivery; and parenting beliefs were related in independent and different ways to implicit and explicit evaluations. These findings indicate that implicit responses are valid and meaningful indices of maternal responsiveness to infants.
Newly shed litters contain an abundance of extractable humus carbon in a subalpine forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Jiaping , Zhang Yu , Yang Wanqin , Tan Bo , Yue Kai , Fu Changkun , Ni Xiangyin , Wu Fuzhong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHumus is an important component of soil organic matter, but little attention has been paid to humus in newly shed litters. Moreover, the influence of climatic factors and chemical composition on the variation in humus carbon (HC) among different litter components and foliar litter in plant functional types is unknown. We conducted a field experiment in a subalpine forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau in southwestern China from April 2016 to November 2016. Sixty litter collectors were fixed at three sampling sites that had been randomly established in the study area. The collected litter was classified as foliar litter (evergreen tree species versus deciduous tree species and tree species versus shrub species), twig litter, flower and fruit litter, and miscellaneous litter. The results clearly showed that extractable HC was abundant in the newly shed litters and exhibited significant seasonal trends. The concentrations of HC, humic acid carbon (HAC), and fulvic acid carbon (FAC) in the foliar litter were greater than those in the other plant components throughout the study period. In addition, the HC concentrations in four plant components peaked in July. In contrast, the HC concentrations in evergreen tree species stably remained at high levels, with a peak in July. The HAC concentrations in the foliar litter, twig litter, and miscellaneous litter exhibited irregular fluctuation trends, and maxima occurred in August. Furthermore, the total HC stock in the plant components in the study area was 1294.40 kg/hm2, of which the HAC stock constituted 471.38 kg/hm2 and the FAC stock constituted 820.02 kg/hm2. The results presented here suggest that newly shed litters contain an abundance of extractable HC in this subalpine forest, revealing the initial state of organic carbon in the total alkaline solutions before it is transferred from the plant litter to the soil.
Spectroelectrochemical Sensor for Spectroscopically Hard‐to‐detect Metals by in situ Formation of a Luminescent Complex Using Ru(II) as a Model Compound
Authors: Lines Amanda M. , Warner Joshua D. , Heineman William R. , Clark Sue B. , Bryan Samuel A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFast, robust, and cost‐effective means of detecting spectroscopically inactive metal species are necessary for field detection and applications within a variety of areas including industry and the nuclear safeguards fields. A sensor based on spectroelectrochemistry is an excellent candidate to meet these needs as it provides improved selectivity for specifically quantifying metal ions by simultaneously monitoring at least two physio‐chemical properties. Ruthenium was chosen as a model system for this study due to its spectroscopic and electrochemical characteristics as well as its relevance within the fuel cycle and industrial fields. Aqueous Ru displays multiple redox couples in which all available oxidation states have poor sensitivity for detection by visible absorption spectroscopy because of the low molar absorptivities. Ru can, however, form complexes with sensitizing ligands such as 2,2′‐bipyridine, where the resulting [Ru(ligand)3]2+ complex displays a red luminescence with a high quantum yield of emission. This significantly improves detection limits for Ru and allows for the spectroelectrochemical detection of the otherwise hard‐to‐detect metal ion. This work explores the in‐situ generation of Ru(bpy)3 complexes in simulated field samples and their subsequent spectroelectrochemical sensing using our sensor methodology.
Study of aldehyde oxidase by micellar electrokinetic chromatography separation of O6‐benzylguanine and 8‐oxo‐O6‐benzylguanine
Authors: Huang Shengyun , Adams Erwin , Van Schepdael Ann 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA separation method for O6‐benzylguanine (O6‐BG) and 8‐oxo‐O6‐benzylguanine (8‐oxo‐O6‐BG) is developed by using MEKC. This study includes the optimization of separation and incubation parameters for both off‐line and on‐line procedures. The BGE consisted of 25 mM sodium phosphate buffer‐methanol (70:30, v/v), apparent pH 7.4, in which SDS and methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin were dissolved yielding final concentrations of 50 and 15 mM, respectively. Separations were performed at 15 kV using an untreated fused‐silica capillary (40 cm length, effective length is 30 cm) with the detection wavelength at 195 nm. The capillary was kept at 15°C. Good performances were demonstrated for the repeatability and linearity. The LOQ was determined to be 14 μM for 8‐oxo‐O6‐BG (S/N = 10). The accuracy values showed a bias of +7.9% for 50 μM and –7.0% for 100 μM. Premix and transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles (TDLFP) methods were used for on‐line mixing and reaction of the substrate O6‐BG with aldehyde oxidase. Both procedures were successful in mixing as well as subsequent separation of the substrate and the metabolite, while the repeatability of TDLFP (14.7% (n = 3)) was much better than the premix technique.
Changes in vegetation cover on the Younghusband Peninsula transgressive dunefields (Australia) 1949–2017
Authors: Moulton Martim A.B. , Hesp Patrick A. , Miot da Silva Graziela , Bouchez Camille , Lavy Muriel , Fernandez Guilherme B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStudies have shown that the impact of climate change, human and animal actions on coastal vegetation can turn stabilized dunes into active mobile dunes and vice versa. Yet, the driving factors that trigger vegetation changes in coastal dunes are still not fully understood. In the transgressive dunefields of the Younghusband Peninsula (south‐east coast of South Australia) historical aerial photographs show an increase in vegetation cover over the last ~70 years. This study attempts to identify the causes of the changes in vegetation cover (1949 to 2017) observed in a typical section of the coastal dune systems of the Peninsula. Vegetation cover was first estimated for various years using the available historical aerial photography (long‐term changes – 1949 to 2017) and recent satellite imagery (short‐term annual changes – 2010 to 2017) for the area, and then results were discussed against the observed changes in climatic variables and rabbit density, factors that could have played a role in this transformation. Results of long‐term changes show that the vegetation cover has increased significantly from 1949 to 2017, from less than 7% vegetation cover to almost 40%, increasing dune stabilization and forming parabolic dune systems. Periods with the largest growth in vegetation cover (1952‐1956 and 2009‐2013) coincide with a significant decline in rabbit numbers. Rabbit density was found to be the primary factor linked to the rapid vegetation growth and stabilization of the dunefield, for both decadal long‐term (last 68 years) and annual short‐term changes (last 8 years). Other factors such as changes in rainfall, aeolian sediment transport, land use practices, and the introduction of invasive plants have apparently played a limited to negligible role in this stabilization process. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LiDAR‐based fluvial remote sensing to assess 50–100‐year human‐driven channel changes at a regional level: The case of the Piedmont Region, Italy
Authors: Bizzi S. , Piégay H. , Demarchi L. , Van de Bund W. , Weissteiner C.J. , Gob F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRemote Sensing (RS) technology has recently offered new and promising opportunities to analyze river systems. In this paper, we present a calibration of characteristic Hydraulic Scaling Law (HSL) using a regional database of river geomorphic features. We consistently linked discharge with channel geometry features for estimated Bankfull Channel Depth (eBCD), Active Channel Width (ACW), and Low Flow water Channel Width (LFCW), which are continuously available from RS data along the river course. We then used historical information and external sources of information on channel reaches that were relatively unaffected by human pressure over periods ranging from a few decades to a century (measured in comparable geographical areas) to infer relatively Unaltered HSLs (rUHSLs). Adopting rUHSL validated with available local historical evidence on channel geometry, we were able to assess historical changes in channel geometry consistently over the entire region and within the studied temporal window.The case study was conducted for the Po basin in the Piedmont Region, north‐west Italy. From our analysis, it emerges that regionally 74% of the river network has riverbed incisions exceeding 1 m, while 66% of channels have halved their historical widths with a total of 617 ha of land subtracted from the active channel. LFCW is, on average, wider in Alpine rivers compared with those located in the North Apennines.Although it is currently not possible to measure the accuracy of these estimates, the evidence generated is coherent with available historical information, characteristic hydraulic scaling laws, evidence from relatively unaltered reaches and the available literature on local fluvial systems. This methodology provides robust, novel and quantitative information regarding decadal to secular channel changes that have occurred on a regional scale. This new layer of information enriches our ability to rationally address assessments of large‐scale past and future channel trajectories. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid shoreline progradation followed by vertical foredune building at Pedro Beach, southeastern Australia
Authors: Oliver Thomas S.N. , Tamura Toru , Short Andrew D. , Woodroffe Colin D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAt Pedro Beach on the southeastern coast of Australia a series of foredune ridges provides an opportunity to explore the morphodynamic paradigm as it applies to coastal barrier systems using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and airborne LiDAR topography. A series of sandy dune‐capped ridges, increasing in height seawards, formed fromc. 7000 years ago toc. 3900 years ago. During this time the shoreline straightened as the embayment filled and accommodation space for Holocene sediments diminished. Calculation of Holocene sediment accumulation above mean sea level utilising airborne LiDAR topography shows a decline in average sediment supply over this time period coupled with a decrease in shoreline progradation rate from 1.2 m/yr to 0.38 m/yr. The average ridge ‘exposure lifetime’ during this period increases resulting in higher ridges as dune‐forming processes have longer to operate. Increasing exposure to wave and wind energy also appears to have resulted in higher ridges as the sheltering effect of marginal headlands was diminished. An inherited disequilibrium shoreface profile will drive onshore accumulation of sandy sediments forming a prograded barrier; however, if there is no longer ‘accommodation space’ for sediment, this will be an overriding factor causing the cessation of progradation, as occurredc. 3900 years ago at Pedro Beach. Excess sediment in the nearshore zone after 3900 years ago may have been moved northward to nourish downdrift beaches in the compartment. A high outer foredune has formed through vertical accretion after 500 years ago, evidenced by GPR subsurface structures and OSL ages, with a distinct period of vertical and lee slope accretion and dated to the period 1890–1930 AD. The increased dune sediment transport resulting in foredune building is attributed to recent human disturbance. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recalling Lashley and reconsolidating Hebb
Authors: Nadel L. , Maurer A.P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany of the foundational theoretical ideas in the field of learning and memory are traced to Donald Hebb. Examination of these ideas and their evolution suggest that Karl Lashley might have significantly influenced their development. Here, we discuss the relationship between Hebb and Lashley, and the parallels between them. Many now investigating the neurobiological basis of memory may be unaware both of Hebb's original descriptions, and the likely substantial contributions of Lashley. Many of their concerns remain with us today, and by clarifying the history we hope to strengthen the foundations of our field.
Predictors of hospital readmissions in internal medicine patients: Application of Andersen's Model
Authors: Kaya Sıdıka , Sain Guven Gulay , Aydan Seda , Toka Onur 
Published: September 2018

SummaryObjectiveThis study aimed to identify predictors of internal medicine patients' readmission to hospital, using Andersen's behavioral model.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 2622 patients aged ≥18 years, who were admitted to internal medicine wards at a university hospital between 1 February 2015 and 31 January 2016. Independent variables were divided into four groups (predisposing, enabling, need, and utilization), based on Andersen's model, and included in stepwise logistic regression analysis.ResultsYounger age, male sex, a main diagnosis of neoplasm, longer length of stay, higher comorbidity scores, and weaker coping ability predicted all readmission. Predictors of unplanned readmission included having someone to help at home following discharge, comorbidity scores, and length of stay. Predictors of unplanned, related, and preventable readmissions included having someone to help at home following discharge, having a regular physician, and the main diagnosis at discharge. The most powerful predictors influencing readmission were need‐related variables.ConclusionAlthough some predictors of readmission were unalterable, they could be used to identify high‐risk patients. Innovative approaches targeting discharge planning and postdischarge care for patients with high comorbidity scores and long length of stay could reduce internal medicine patients' unplanned readmission.
Hospital nurse shift length, patient‐centered care, and the perceived quality and patient safety
Authors: Jarrar Mu'taman , Minai Mohd Sobri , Al‐Bsheish Mohammad , Meri Ahmed , Jaber Mustafa 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundThere is no clear evidence that can guide decision makers regarding the appropriate shift length in the hospitals in Malaysia. Further, there is no study that explored the value of patient‐centered care of nurses working longer shifts and its impact on the care outcomes.ObjectiveThe study aims to investigate the effect of the hospital nurse shift length and patient‐centered care on the perceived quality and safety of nurses in the medical‐surgical and multidisciplinary wards in Malaysia.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey has been conducted on 12 hospitals in Malaysia. Data have been collected via a questionnaire. A stratified sampling has been used. The Hayes macro regression analyses have been used to examine the mediating effects of patient‐centered care between the effect of working long shifts on the perceived quality and patient safety.ResultsThere is a significant mediation effect of patient‐centered care between the effect of shift length on the perceived quality (F = 42.90,P ˂ 0.001) and patient safety (F = 25.12,P ˂ 0.001).ConclusionPatient‐centered care mitigates the effect of the shift length on the care outcomes. The study provides an input for the policymakers that patient‐centered care and restructuring duty hours are important to provide high‐quality patient care.
The effect of Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall on surface water δD values in the central Himalaya
Authors: Meese Bernd , Bookhagen Bodo , Olen Stephanie M. , Barthold Frauke , Sachse Dirk 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStable isotope proxy records, such as speleothems, plant‐wax biomarker records, and ice cores, are suitable archives for the reconstruction of regional palaeohydrologic conditions. But the interpretation of these records in the tropics, especially in the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) domain, is difficult due to differing moisture and water sources: precipitation from the ISM and Winter Westerlies, as well as snow‐ and glacial meltwater. In this study, we use interannual differences in ISM strength (2011–2012) to understand the stable isotopic composition of surface water in the Arun River catchment in eastern Nepal. We sampled main stem and tributary water (n = 204) for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis in the postmonsoon phase of two subsequent years with significantly distinct ISM intensities. In addition to the 2011/2012 sampling campaigns, we collected a 12‐month time series of main stem waters (2012/2013, n = 105) in order to better quantify seasonal effects on the variability of surface water δ18O/δD. Furthermore, remotely sensed satellite data of rainfall, snow cover, glacial coverage, and evapotranspiration was evaluated. The comparison of datasets from both years revealed that surface waters of the main stem Arun and its tributaries were D‐enriched by ~15‰ when ISM rainfall decreased by 20%. This strong response emphasizes the importance of the ISM for surface water run‐off in the central Himalaya. However, further spatio‐temporal analysis of remote sensing data in combination with stream water d‐excess revealed that most high‐altitude tributaries and the Tibetan part of the Arun receive high portions of glacial melt water and likely Winter Westerly Disturbances precipitation. We make the following two implications: First, palaeohydrologic archives found in high‐altitude tributaries and on the southern Tibetan Plateau record a mixture of past precipitation δD values and variable amounts of additional water sources. Second, surface water isotope ratios of lower elevated tributaries strongly reflect the isotopic composition of ISM rainfall implying a suitable region for the analysis of potential δD value proxy records.
Using irrigation to kick‐start multiple‐use water services for small‐scale farmers in Malawi: A case study of the Nkhata Bay District
Authors: Stedman Sam , Mnyimbiri Alien Mathews , Kawonga Zinyengo , Malota Mphatso , Njera Dalo , Hall Ralph P. , Holm Rochelle H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIrrigation schemes are an important part of meeting the national agenda in Malawi, yet the design and management of these schemes have not taken advantage of emerging approaches that could improve their performance. One such idea is the concept of multiple‐use water services (MUS). This case study focuses on rural irrigation systems in the Nkhata Bay District, evaluating system usage, profiles of the irrigators, and barriers to irrigation to identify opportunities to kick‐start MUS using existing organizational structures. Interviews were conducted with 141 respondents from 5 functioning irrigation sections. The study found that there are already systems in place for cooperation, with both the government and communities each contributing to long‐term sustainability. Basic MUS could advance the water–energy–food–health nexus and build more resilient communities. The following recommendations would enable communities and development partners to advance irrigation‐based MUS in Malawi: (i) target long‐established, committed, farmer groups; (ii) provide reliable and sustainable local technologies to lift water; (iii) improve access to markets and inputs to support higher‐value cash crops being grown on irrigated land; (iv) create an overlap between community‐level irrigation and borehole committees, private sectors, local government ministries and development partners. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The long noncoding RNA HIF1A‐AS2 facilitates cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer
Authors: Chen Xiaoliang , Liu Meihan , Meng Fanping , Sun Baozhen , Jin Xuefei , Jia Chunshu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChemotherapy drug resistance frequently happens in more than 50% of bladder cancer patients and is the major obstacle for the bladder cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in the development of chemoresistance. In this study, we reported hypoxia inducible factor 1α‐antisense RNA 2 (HIF1A‐AS2), as a subtype‐specific hypoxia inducible lncRNA, is upregulated in bladder cancer cells and tissue after cisplatin (Cis) treatment. The induction of HIF1A‐AS2 in bladder cancer cells rendered resistance to Cis‐induced apoptosis. Silencing HIF1A‐AS2 in Cis‐resistant bladder cancer cells was re‐sensitized to Cis‐induced apoptosis. Mechanically, we found that HIF1A‐AS2 suppressed the transcription activity of p53 family proteins by promoting the expression of high‐mobility group A1 (HMGA1). The induction of HMGA1 physically interacts with p53, p63, and p73, and therefore constrains their transcriptional activity on Bax. Knockdown of HIF1A‐AS2 or HMGA1 rescued the expression of Bax, which therefore enhanced the killing effect of Cis. Furthermore, we also found that the expression of HIF1A‐AS2 was higher in the human bladder tumor tissues after Cis treatment, and was positive correlated to the expression of HIF1α and HMGA1. This study suggests that upregulated HIF1A‐AS2 hampers the p53 family proteins dependent apoptotic pathway to promote Cis resistance in bladder cancer. Our data suggested that HIF1A‐AS2 plays oncogenic roles and can be used as a therapeutic target for treating human bladder cancer.