bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy outcome following bacteriuria in pregnancy and the significance of nitrites in urinalysis – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Naamany Eviatar , Ayalon-Dangur Irit , Hadar Eran , Sagy Iftach , Yahav Dafna , Shiber Shachaf 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
The association between bacteriuria and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been extensively described. The current practice of screening all pregnant women for bacteriuria is challenged by recent studies. We aimed to evaluate pregnancy outcomes among women with a positive urine culture, to assess the significance of positive urinary nitrites in this setting.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study at the emergency department (ED) of the Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Israel, during 2014–2018. This included all gravida women >18 years old within the 20th week of pregnancy or above, admitted to the ED with diverse complains, who had urinalysis collected and subsequently had a positive urine culture. Clinical and obstetric characteristics were stratified by positive vs. negative nitrites in urinalysis. The primary outcome was premature delivery, and the secondary outcomes were a composite outcome of all recorded pregnancy complications and the significance of urinalysis in predicting urinary tract infection (UTI).

Results
Overall, 874 pregnant women with a positive urine culture were included. Of them, 721 (79%) patients had a negative nitrite in their urine exam (NNU-group) and 153 (21%) had a positive nitrite in their urine exam (PNU-group). Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen, with significantly higher rates of growth in the PNU-group vs. NNU-group [129 (84.3%) vs. 227 (38.4%), P < 0.001]. Premature delivery was recorded with no association of symptomaticity or nitrite status. Among symptomatic women with classic symptoms of UTI, PNU was significantly associated with decreased risk for major peripartum complications [odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.22 (0.05–0.94)].

Conclusion
Our findings support that PNU among symptomatic pregnant women with UTI-related symptoms was associated with lower risk of developing major adverse obstetrical outcomes.
Comparison of automated vs. manual measurement to estimate fetal weight in isolated polyhydramnios
Authors: Eroglu Hasan , Orgul Gokcen , Avcı Emine , Altınboga Orhan , Karakoc Gokhan , Yucel Aykan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
To understand the impact of the measurement method to predict actual birthweight in pregnancies complicated with isolated polyhydramnios in the third trimester.

Methods
A prospective study was conducted with 60 pregnant women between the 37th and 40th weeks of gestation. Routine biometric measurements were obtained by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography. When a satisfactory image was obtained, the image was frozen to get two measurements. First, calipers were placed to get the manual measurement. Then automated measurement was captured by the ultrasonography machine in the same image. The fetal weight was estimated by using the Hadlock II formula.

Results
The mean difference was found to be 0.03, −0.77, −0.02 and 0.17 for biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL), respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between automated and manual estimated fetal weights (EFWs) and the actual birthweight was 0.919 and 0.796, respectively. The mean difference between actual and manual EFW measurement values was 46.16 ± 363.81 g (range between −745 g and 685 g) (P = 0.330). Also, the mean difference between actual and automated EFW measurement values was found to be 31.98 ± 218.65 g (range between −378 g and 742 g) (P = 0.262). The Bland-Altman test results have shown that, 666 g lower or 759 g higher values were obtained when the measurement was performed manually. On the other hand, EFW results were 396 g lower or 460 g higher than the actual birthweight with automated measurement tools.

Conclusion
The accuracy rate of fetal weight estimation with ultrasonography is high for both automated and manual measurements. Automated tools have a higher success to predict the EFW.
A Comment on “Law and Development: Forty Years after ‘Scholars in Self-Estrangement’” by David Trubek
Authors: Lee Yong-Shik 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
“Law and Development: Forty Years after ‘Scholars in Self-Estrangement’” by David Trubek provides an account of the state of law and development and its growth for the past four decades. This note provides a comment on this account and proposes the way forward for law and development studies.
Sensor application of doped C60 fullerenes in detection of 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine as an alternative to ecstasy
Authors: Özkan Ertuğrul , Bilge Metin , Bilge Duygu , Alver Özgür , Parlak Cemal , Şenyel Mustafa , Ramasami Ponnadurai 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP) is one of the commonly abused drugs in the illicit drug market. Its detection or identification is important to investigate. In this work, density function theory (DFT) approach was used to analyse silicon or aluminium doped C60 fullerenes and TFMPP interactions for possible sensor applications. Stabilities of the investigated systems were examined in terms of the adsorption energies of TFMPP onto Si and Al decorated fullerenes. It was found that AlC59+TFMPP resulted in higher adsorption energies compared to SiC59+TFMPP. We also considered the band gap energy and concluded that Si and Al decorated fullerenes are sensitive to the presence of TFMPP in both the gas phase and aqueous medium.
Am Scheitelpunkt des sacrificiums: Politische Opferlogiken und Opfersemantiken in Deutschland in der Zeit der Weltkriege
Authors: Herzog Benjamin 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz untersucht den Bedeutungswandel des politisch-militärischen Opferbegriffs und seine Verwendungsgeschichte in Deutschland vom Ersten Weltkrieg bis zum Ende der 1950er Jahre. Indem er den Diskurs nach der Grundunterscheidung von sacrificium und victima aufschlüsselt, stellt er die Dominanz des sakrifiziellen Opfertypus über den gesamten Zeitraum hinweg fest: Dieser zeigt angesichts von Krieg und Bürgerkrieg sowohl seine Beharrungskraft als auch seine Radikalisierung und Überspannung. Zu diesem Befund kommt die Untersuchung, indem sie die Dynamik und Logik des Opferkonzepts in drei Bereichen nachzeichnet: Sie zeigt, wie das unbedingte Festhalten am Sinnhorizont des Opfers Veränderungen der Semantik erzwingt, v. a. hinsichtlich seiner Freiwilligkeit und Erfolgsbezogenheit. Sie beschreibt, wie sich die Omnipräsenz des Opfers auch darin niederschlägt, dass es zum ethischen Prinzip der Gesamtgesellschaft als Opfergemeinschaft wird. Und schließlich weist sie nach, dass sich die Radikalisierung der Kategorie auch der verschärften Konkurrenz der unterschiedlichen ideologischen Opferziele und Opferparadigmen dieser Epoche verdankt.
Konstruktionen des Krieges
Authors: Beeker Malte 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Aufsatz wird die Frontzeitung »Ost-Front« der deutschen 6. Armee zur Zeit des Überfalls auf die Sowjetunion von Juni bis Dezember 1941 analysiert. Die Analyse konzentriert sich auf die Darstellungen der deutschen Soldaten, ihrer Feindbilder, der Kampfmotivationen und der Gewalt. Zentrale Aspekte sind sozial konstruierte Geschlechter- bzw. Männlichkeitsvorstellungen und die damit verbundenen Imaginationen von »Kameradschaft« innerhalb der Truppe. Zur qualitativen Bewertung der Frontzeitung werden die Ergebnisse, einer »Propagandageschichte als Kulturgeschichte« (Rainer Gries) folgend, in die Forschungen zur NS-Propaganda und zur Wehrmachtpropaganda eingeordnet und abschließend auch mit aus der Feldpost bekannten Deutungsmustern der deutschen Soldaten in Zusammenhang gesetzt. Damit stellt der Aufsatz als erste Detailstudie zu einer deutschen Frontzeitung des Zweiten Weltkriegs einen Beitrag dazu dar, die hierzu noch immer bestehende Forschungslücke zu schließen.
The Portuguese 35-item Survey of Pain Attitudes applied to Portuguese women with Endometriosis
Authors: Ferreira-Valente Alexandra , Garcia Inês Queiroz , Rosa Ana Marques , Pereira Anabela , Pais-Ribeiro José Luís , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Endometriosis is a gynecologic recurring persistent condition affecting from 8% to 15% of premenopausal women worldwide. About 80% of women with endometriosis have at least one form of chronic pain – a multidimensional experience influenced by a number of psychosocial factors, including pain-related beliefs. The Survey of Pain Attitudes is the most commonly used measure of pain-related beliefs. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of a brief version of the SOPA (the SOPA-35) in a sample of Portuguese women with Endometriosis.

Methods
A sample of 199 Portuguese women with Endometriosis provided demographic and pain history information, and completed a Portuguese version of the SOPA-35 and measures of pain intensity, disability, and psychological function. Analyses were performed to evaluate the factor structure of the Portuguese SOPA-35 items as well as the internal consistency, composite reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity of the scale scores.

Results
Confirmatory factor analysis supported a six-factor solution for a 19-item version of the Portuguese version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes (SOPA-19-P). The six scales evidenced marginal to good reliability (Cronbach’s alphas: between 0.60 and 0.84; composite reliability: between 0.61 and 0.84). Four scales evidenced acceptable to good convergent validity (AVE: between 0.51 and 0.63). The findings also supported the concurrent validity of the SOPA-19-P.

Conclusions
The results support the use of the Portuguese SOPA-19-P for research and clinical purposes with Portuguese women in chronic pain due to endometriosis. Future research is warranted to further develop a European Portuguese version of SOPA.

Implications
The findings provide psychometric information about the SOPA-19-P. The results are helpful to researchers wishing to study the role of pain-related beliefs and their association with adjustment and treatment outcomes in women with chronic pain due to endometriosis.
Echelles d’évaluation de l’acceptation du Mythe du viol : Intérêts et limites
Authors: Schlegel Agnès , Courtois Robert 
Published: May 2019

Les violences sexuelles, dont le viol est l’un des extrêmes, suscitent dans la population générale des attitudes de négation, de minimisation ou de justification des faits, ou encore la responsabilisation de la victime, traduisant l’adhésion à un ensemble d’attitudes, de croyances et de stéréotypes que l’on appelle Mythe du viol. L’acceptation du Mythe du viol favorise les viols, minore leur dénonciation et majore leurs conséquences pour les victimes. Depuis l’émergence de ce concept dans les années 1970, près d’une trentaine d’échelles ont été créés pour tenter de le mesurer. Ce article présente l’intérêt et les limites des principales échelles : « Rape Myth Acceptance Scale » (Burt, 1980), l’« Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale » (Payne, Lonsway et Fitzgerald, 1999) et l’« Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression Scale » (Gerger, Kley, Bohner et Siebler, 2007).
El contexto geopolítico en el pensamiento de Francisco Morazán
Authors: Molina Vargas Silvia Elena 
Published: May 2019

Resumen En este artículo se contextualiza el pensamiento de Francisco Morazán, inserto dentro de las contradicciones que desafiaban a los nuevos estados en Centroamérica después de la Independencia, tanto a lo interno como en las relaciones que se configuraron con otros estados y con las potencias durante las primeras décadas del siglo XIX. Se explora el desarrollo de la República Federal de Centro América en un contexto geopolítico complejo, y las ideas de Morazán en torno a sus condiciones de posibilidad y sus expectativas. Palabras clave: Independencia, Estado, República Federal de Centro América, Centroamérica, Integración
EL PAISAJE CARIBEÑO COSTARRICENSE DESDE LA VALORACIÓN INDÍGENA CABÉCAR-TAYNÍ: EL CASO DE LA COMUNIDAD DE GAVILÁN, VALLE LA ESTRELLA, LIMÓN, COSTA RICA
Authors: Carballo Chaves Pablo , Madrigal Herrera Magdalena 
Published: May 2019

En el marco de un proyecto de investigación más grande sobre los paisajes indígenas en Costa Rica, inscrito en la Universidad de Costa Rica, este artículo presenta una indagatoria, centralmente teórico-especulativa, a partir del estudio de las apreciaciones paisajistas de las personas de la comunidad de Gavilán (auto-referenciados como parte de la población indígena Cabécar-Tayní), ubicada en la provincia de Limón. Dicha reflexión busca hacer algunos apuntes comprensivos desde una perspectiva sociológica sobre las formas y concepciones estéticas y vivenciales en el marco de los espacios socio-naturales y étnicos.
CIENCIA, VALORES Y POLÍTICA EN LOS CLÁSICOS DE LA SOCIOLOGÍA
Authors: Duek Celia 
Published: May 2019

¿Cuál es la relación de la ciencia con la política, por un lado, y de la ciencia con la moral o los valores, por otro? ¿El pensamiento teórico es independiente del pensamiento político de un autor? ¿Es posible una ciencia social neutral? ¿Es lícita la búsqueda de objetividad en la Sociología? ¿Puede la ciencia decirnos qué hacer o cómo organizarnos? En la producción intelectual de los tres clásicos de la Sociología, se encuentran respuestas disímiles a estas preguntas. Este artículo aborda comparativamente sus miradas acerca de estos problemas, partiendo de la consideración weberiana, para luego compararla con la de Durkheim y Marx.
Interest Convergence and the Commodification of International Students and Scholars in the United States
Authors: Yao Christina W. , Viggiano Tiffany 
Published: May 2019

International students and scholars in the United States (U.S.) have often been excluded from conversations about race, ethnicity, and migration within U.S. contexts. However, with the issuance of what is commonly known as the Travel Bans, fears emerged from the international education community of the Travel Bans affecting international student recruitment and enrollment. In this study, we highlight the ways in which an official statement from leaders of international higher education organizations employ interest convergence arguments, followed by a discussion of the ways in which convergence in this case is employed as a tool to garner U.S. soft power. The examination of a brief of amicus curiae submitted by the American Council on Education and 32 additional higher education associations revealed the commodification of international students and scholars when using interest convergence as an analytical frame for examining the soft power (Nye, 2008). International students and scholars contribute to U.S. soft power as a means of garnering diversity, contributing to foreign policy, producing knowledge, and generating economic gains.
Propuesta de las condiciones de las Aplicaciones móviles, para la construcción de un Entorno de Accesibilidad Personal para usuarios con discapacidad visual en las Smart Cities.
Authors: López Delgado Adrián , Olmedo Eva , Tadeu Pedro , Fernández Batanero José María 
Published: May 2019

Los nuevos avances tecnológicos y el uso de nuevas aplicaciones móviles permiten acceder a múltiples posibilidades en las Smart Cities. Sin embargo, el uso de la tecnología no resuelve por sí misma problemas de inclusión de ciudadanos que, por sus condiciones sociales o personales, no pueden utilizarlas adecuadamente. También, estas personas quedan incapacitadas, aún más, para participar como ciudadanos activos en su ciudad. Creando nuevas barreras no arquitectónicas, sino tecnológicas, que son más difíciles de comprender. Este estudio emplea la observación directa de personas con baja visión o ceguera, para comprobar las dificultades y necesidades que presentan en el uso de distintas aplicaciones en los sistemas Android y iOS. Y como resultados se comprueba que todos ellos necesitan aplicaciones complementarias, que en muchos casos no son compatibles con las diseñadas para el resto de personas. Y que, por tanto, no pueden acceder a todos los recursos de la Smart City. Para solucionarlo se propone la creación de un Entorno de Accesibilidad Personal (PAE), a través del cual se le permite el acceso al conjunto de todos los contenidos necesarios para interactuar con el entorno en el que se encuentra.
Role of MRI in evaluation of seizure disorder in Southern Rajasthan, India
Authors: Chabarwal Swati , Kardam Narendra Kumar 
Published: May 2019

Background: The objectives are to identify and study structural abnormalities in the brain that associated with seizures, spectrum of findings in patients with seizures, classify seizure type and syndrome and to evaluate role of MRI in postoperative seizures.Methods: A total of 110 patients, those referred from various outdoor/indoor departments with the history of seizure were included after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Detailed history, appropriate clinical examinations and biochemical investigations were recorded. All MRI scans were performed on a 1.5 T Philips Achieva. Sequences were used according to MR Imaging protocol of seizures. Observation was made and analysed using descriptive tools and scientific methods.Results: Among 110 patients’ majority (41%) were normal, 20% had cerebral infarct with gliosis followed by NCC 7.2%, atrophy 5.45%, tuberculosis 11%, venous thrombosis 3.64%, developmental malformations 3.64%, glioma 1.82%, cavernoma 1.82%, tuberous sclerosis 1.82%, meningioma 0.91%, cerebral abscess 0.91% and Sturge-weber syndrome 0.91%. Most of the patients with cerebrovascular causes and male predominance 61.8%.Conclusions: The present study was a prospective study. Spectrum of MRI findings related to vascular, developmental, infection and neoplasm was identified. MRI is noninvasive modality with no radiation hazard, excellent gray white matter resolution and multiplanar imaging capability. MRI helps in detection of subtle lesions responsible for seizures. Present study observed that MRI with appropriate imaging protocols add sensitivity and specificity in evaluation of seizures.
A study to know the serum total testosterone levels in type II diabetes mellitus male patients from North India
Authors: Agarwal Saurabh , Kumar Brijesh , . Sushmita , Giri Richa , Verma Sanjay Kumar 
Published: May 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major public health issue facing the world in present century and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing explosively. There are various diabetes related complications, one of which is low testosterone levels in men. This study was designed to estimate the serum testosterone level in male patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The patients of type -2 diabetes mellitus were picked up from out-patient and in-patients section of the hospital at random.Results: Seventy male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled during the study period. The mean age of study population was 56.36±10.26 years (range 36-70), while that of control group patients was found to be 39.80±7.92years. Family history of diabetes was present in 14 (22.2%) patients. The mean HbA1c in study group was 8.83±1.95 %, which was significantly higher as compared to control group with HbA1c 4.82±0.40 %. Among study group, lower serum total testosterone level was observed in 85.7 % cases and normal level in 14.3 % cases. Among control group, lower serum total testosterone level was observed in 6.7 % cases and normal level in 93.3 % cases.Conclusions: The present study highlighted that significant difference in serum total testosterone level has been observed between cases and control groups (X2 =55.7, P=0.0001).
Analysis of frozen section in correlation with surgical pathology diagnosis
Authors: Tangde Ashwini , Shrivastava Vaidik , Joshi Anil 
Published: May 2019

Background: Frozen section (FS) is a rapid diagnostic procedure performed on tissues obtained intraoperatively. This method serves useful purposes, such as determining the malignancy or benignancy of a suspected lesion, determining the adequacy of a biopsy of a suspected lesion, confirming the presence or absence of metastasis, and identifying small structures. But it bears many disadvantages and limitations, the most of which is the danger of incorrect diagnosis. Therefore, it is critical to determine efficiency of frozen section performance periodically. This study was performed to determine accuracy of frozen section by correlating the intra-operative frozen section diagnosis with final diagnosis on permanent sections.Methods: In this retrospective study, authors compared the results of frozen section with their final permanent section diagnosis in Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India during January 2017 to December 2018.Results: Study comprises 83 patients, of which 73 were female and 10 were male. Out of 83 cases, the diagnosis of 76 cases was concordant with conventional histopathology diagnosis while seven were discordant. This gave overall accuracy rate of 91.57% and discordant rate of 8.43%. The overall sensitivity was 85.71% and specificity was 97.92%. The positive predictive and negative predictive value was 96.77% and 90.38% respectively.Conclusions: The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of frozen section diagnosis in this study are comparable with most international quality control statistics for frozen sections. The results suggest that the correlation of intra-operative frozen section diagnosis with the final histopathological diagnosis on permanent sections forms an integral part of quality assurance activities in the surgical pathology laboratory and specific measures should be taken to reduce the number of discrepancies.
Tripe palm: a paraneoplastic manifestation of carcinoma stomach
Authors: P. Arun , N. Gireesh G. , A. Jinsha K. , Jayaraj Vani 
Published: May 2019

Usually gastrointestinal malignancies present with low SAAG ascites. But when there is diffuse liver infiltration following malignancy, high SAAG ascites can occur. So liver infiltration can masquerade as cirrhosis. Malignant acanthosis and tripe palm are the paraneoplastic manifestations seen in GI malignancies. We are reporting a case which was initially managed as a straightforward case of cirrhosis ,but later turned out to be a case with tripe palms, malignant acanthosis and carcinoma stomach as primary with diffuse liver infiltration having high SAAG ascites.