bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Method for Locating a High-energy Dissipation Region in a Blazar
Authors: Yan Dahai , Wu Qingwen , Fan Xuliang , Wang Jiancheng , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The production site of gamma-rays in a blazar jet is an unresolved problem. We present a method to locate a gamma-ray emission region in the framework of a one-zone emission model. From measurements of the core-shift effect, the relation between the magnetic field strengths (B′) in the radio cores of the jet and the distances (R) of these radio cores from the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) can be inferred. Therefore, once the magnetic field strength in the gamma-ray emission region (

) is obtained, one can use the relation of B′–R to derive the distance (R
diss) of the gamma-ray emission region from the SMBH. Here, we evaluate the lower limit of

by using the criteria that the optical variability timescale t
var should be longer than or equal to the synchrotron radiation cooling timescale of the electrons that emit optical photons. We test the method with the observations of PSK 1510-089 and BL Lacertae, and derive

pc for PSK 1510-089 with t
var ∼ a few hours and

pc for BL Lacertae with t
var ∼ a few minutes. Here, δ
D is the Doppler factor and A is the Compton dominance (i.e., the ratio of the Compton to the synchrotron peak luminosities).
Dust Polarization toward Embedded Protostars in Ophiuchus with ALMA. I. VLA 1623
Authors: Sadavoy Sarah I. , Myers Philip C. , Stephens Ian W. , Tobin John , Commerçon Benoît , Henning Thomas , Looney Leslie , Kwon Woojin , Segura-Cox Dominique , Harris Robert 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present high-resolution (∼30 au) ALMA Band 6 dust polarization observations of VLA 1623. The VLA 1623 data resolve compact ∼40 au inner disks around the two protobinary sources, VLA 1623-A and VLA 1623-B, and also an extended ∼180 au ring of dust around VLA 1623-A. This dust ring was previously identified as a large disk in lower-resolution observations. We detect highly structured dust polarization toward the inner disks and the extended ring with typical polarization fractions ≈1.7% and ≈2.4%, respectively. The two components also show distinct polarization morphologies. The inner disks have uniform polarization angles aligned with their minor axes. This morphology is consistent with expectations from dust scattering. By contrast, the extended dust ring has an azimuthal polarization morphology not previously seen in lower-resolution observations. We find that our observations are well-fit by a static, oblate spheroid model with a flux-frozen, poloidal magnetic field. We propose that the polarization traces magnetic grain alignment likely from flux freezing on large scales and magnetic diffusion on small scales. Alternatively, the azimuthal polarization may be attributed to grain alignment by the anisotropic radiation field. If the grains are radiatively aligned, then our observations indicate that large (∼100 μm) dust grains grow quickly at large angular extents. Finally, we identify significant proper motion of VLA 1623 using our observations and those in the literature. This result indicates that the proper motion of nearby systems must be corrected for when combining ALMA data from different epochs.
Epidemiology and susceptibility profiles of diabetic foot infections in five hospitals in Lebanon
Authors: Obeid Michele , Moughames Eric , Aboulhosn Petra , Madi Rashad , Farah Maya , Feghali Jinia , Mokhbat Jacques , Farra Anna , Moughnieh Rima , Daoud Ziad , Feghaleh Rita , Abboud Edmond , Abboud Emma , Husni-Samaha Rola 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Approximately 80% of diabetes-related lower extremity amputations are preceded by a foot ulcer. Global studies on the epidemiology of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) infections and guidelines detailing the most common pathogens and their respective antimicrobial susceptibilities are available. While Gram-positive cocci, mainly Staphylococcus species (spp.), were the most common organisms cultured from DFU in the United States, the Gram-negative Pseudomonas spp. were found to be the most common in some Middle Eastern countries. In Lebanon, however, such studies remain scarce. This study, conducted in Lebanon, investigated the most common organisms in DFU infections and their antimicrobial profiles.
Methodology: We collected data from all documented diabetic foot infections between January 2015 and March 2016, 128 participants total, from 5 different hospitals in various regions of Lebanon.
Results: Among all isolates, Enterobacteriaceae (42%), Pseudomonas spp. (18.6%) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (15.3%) were the most frequent bacteria. In addition, 72% of Pseudomonas spp. were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and 63.6% of Enterobacteriaceae were susceptible to either amoxicillin/clavulanate or ciprofloxacin, 91% were susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was only found in hospitalized patients or those who received prior antibiotics. Polymicrobial infections were documented in only 38% of patients.
Conclusion: In Lebanon, the most appropriate empirical oral outpatient treatment would be a combination of amoxicillin/clavulanate and ciprofloxacin. As for admitted patients who have failed the oral regimen, piperacillin/tazobactam would then be the treatment of choice.
Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus associated with nasal colonization among healthcare workers using DNA microarray
Authors: Senok Abiola Catherine , Somily Ali , Raji Muhabat , Garaween Ghada , Kabil Maha , Shibl Atef , Monecke Stefan , Ehricht Ralf 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) colonized with Staphylococcus aureus may serve as a reservoir of infection. This study was carried to determine the genetic make-up of S. aureus nasal colonizers in HCWs.
Methodology: Nasal swabs were obtained from 93 HCWs and molecular characterization of identified S. aureus isolates was carried out using the StaphyType DNA microarray (Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany).
Results: Twenty-nine HCWs (31%) were colonized with S. aureus (MSSA = 23; MRSA = 6). Thus the overall MRSA carriage rate was 6.5% (n/N = 6/93) and 20.7% (n/N = 6/29) of those colonized with S. aureus harboured MRSA. The S. aureus isolates belonged to 16 clonal complexes (CC). MSSA isolates included three each for CC15, CC188, ST2867; two each for CC5, CC97, CC367 as well as one each for CC1, CC8, CC30, CC45, CC101, CC121, ST291/813 and CC1153. The staphylococcal cassette chromosome recombinase genes ccrA-1; ccrB-1 and the fusidic acid resistance gene (fusC) were present in two MSSA isolates (CC1 and CC8). The six MRSA isolates included CC5-MRSA-[VI+fusC] (n = 2); one each of CC5-MRSA-V; CC22-MRSA-IV (tst1+); CC80-MRSA-IV [pvl+] (“European CA-MRSA Clone”) and CC97-MRSA-[V+fusC].
Conclusion: There is wide clonal diversity of S. aureus colonizers with associated high MRSA carriage among the HCWs. The presence of genetically stable MSSA isolates with the capability to transform into MRSA isolates is of concern.
No molecular evidence of MERS-CoV circulation in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between 2010–2012: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Alamoudi Reem J , Azhar Leena E , Alamoudi Dareen H , Alamoudi Dena H , Tolah Ahmed M , Alhabbab Rowa Yousef , Azhar Esam I , Hashem Anwar M 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging zoonotic viral pathogen and a serious public health concern. The virus was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and continues to be endemic in the region. Most of the initial MERS-CoV cases in 2012 and early 2013 were sporadic, and it remains unclear whether MERS-CoV was circulating before 2012 or not. Therefore, we tried here to find any molecular evidence of MERS-CoV circulation in humans before or during 2012 in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: We examined 349 archived respiratory samples collected between January 2010 and December 2012 from patients with acute respiratory illnesses from the city of Jeddah in Western Saudi Arabia. All samples were screened for MERS-CoV by real-time RT-PCR targeting the upstream E-gene (UpE) and the open reading frame 1 a (ORF1a).
Results: All tested samples which were originally found negative for influenza A H1N1 virus were also found to be negative for MERS-CoV.
Conclusions: These results suggest that circulation of MERS-CoV was uncommon among patients with acute respiratory symptoms in Western Saudi Arabia between 2010 and 2012.
Nasal colonization by methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students
Authors: Al-Tamimi Mohammad , Himsawi Nisreen , Abu-Raideh Jumana , Abu jazar Deaa , Al-jawaldeh Hussam , Al Haj Mahmoud Sameer , Hijjawi Nawal , Hawamdeh Hasan 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Nasal carriers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are common and play an important role in nosocomial infections. The prevalence rate and characterization of nasal carriers of MRSA among medical students in Jordan has not been investigated before.
Methodology: The resistance of S. aureus to several antibiotics was tested using disc diffusion method, automatic Vitek 2, and penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2 slide test. Bacterial species and resistance genes were confirmed using molecular analysis of three relevant genes by real-time PCR. Two hundred ninety nasal swabs were collected from medical students at Hashemite University from June 2015 to August 2016. All participants signed a voluntary consent form and filled a predesigned questionnaire.
Results: The mean age of participants was 19.7 ± 2 years and 61.7% of them were males. 63 out of the 290 (21.7%) samples were identified to have S. aureus, 56 (19.3%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and 7 (2.4%) were MRSA. S. aureus nasal colonization significantly associates with male gender (OR = 1.7, CI = 0.94-3.18, P = 0.049) and chronic illnesses (OR = 4.0, CI = 1.52-10.65, P = 0.006). Consistency between disc diffusion, Vitek 2, and PBP 2 methods for MRSA screening were satisfactory compared to molecular analysis. All MRSA samples were positive for SCCmec:orfx junction gene (MRSA-specific), nuc gene (S. aureus- specific), mecA gene (PBP-mediated resistant), and PBP2 production. All MRSA isolates were multi-drug resistant and were sensitive to Linezolid, Vancomycin, and Tigecycline.
Conclusions: This study confirms that nasal colonization by MRSA among medical students necessitates further attention to prevent nosocomial infections.
Clinical, epidemiological and epizootic features of a Q fever outbreak in the border region between Serbia and Montenegro
Authors: Debeljak Zoran , Medić Snezana , Baralić Marija , Andrić Aleksandra , Tomić Aleksandar , Vidanović Dejan , Šekler Milanko , Matović Kazimir , Vasković Nikola 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Q fever is a zoonosis which commonly manifests as an acute febrile disease accompanied by pneumonia or hepatitis. The aim of this study was to reveal the reservoirs, sources and routes of infection relevant for the Q fever outbreak that occurred in the border region between Serbia and Montenegro.
Methodology: A prospective study was conducted from 3rd to 23rd March, 2016 in Brodarevo, village near the Serbian-Montenegro border. The EU case definition for Q fever was applied and serological evidence of IgM and/or IgG antibody for phase II antigen Coxiella burnetii used for laboratory confirmation. Animal infection was proven by detection of specific biomarkers for Q fever by ELISA and Real-Time PCR.
Results: In total, ten patients were registered with Q fever, giving an attack rate of 0.5% in the village. A severe form of disease with atypical pneumonia ended up with hospitalization of eight patients. Serological surveillance was conducted in 30 herds of the receptive animals in the outbreak area. Overall the anti-Coxiella antibody seroprevalence was 20.6%. Positive molecular findings (68.4%) accompanied with high seroprevalence (63.2%) were identified in a mini-farm of sheep and cattle in the nearby Orasac, these were considered to be active sources of infection. The most probable route of C. burnetii transmission was the inhalation of contaminated aerosols originating from infected animals.
Conclusion: The main reservoirs for human Q fever at the border region between Serbia and Montenegro are infected cattle and ruminants. Adoption of a comprehensive strategy for disease prevention and control at the intergovernmental level is urgent.
Relationship between age and intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections in infectious disease patients in Croatia
Authors: Balen Topic Mirjana , Santini Marija , Barsic Bruno 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections (ICU-BSI) belong to the most important nosocomial infections. Since there is scarce data available on their relationship with older age, we performed this study to estimate the age-related incidence of ICU-BSI and the odds of acquiring ICU-BSI in elderly critically ill infectious disease patients.
Methodology: A retrospective observational analysis of prospectively collected demographic and clinical data of adult mechanically ventilated infectious disease patients, treated in a teaching hospital in Croatia between 1994 and 2008, using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results: Of the 1,093 included patients, 509 (46.6%) were ≥ 65 years old, among 256 (23.4%) of whom a total of 353 ICU-BSI episodes were recorded. No significant difference among ICU-BSI causative microorganisms between the observed age groups was found (P = 0.4940). The rate of patients with ICU-BSI was higher among elderly ones (26.1 vs. 21.1%, P = 0.048), and elderly patients used the ICU facilities (ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation and central venous catheter [CVC] use) significantly longer (P < 0.05). However, older age was not positively related with the development of ICU-BSI (OR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.71-1.38); as opposed to the duration of CVC use (OR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.07-1.10).
Conclusion: It seems that among adult mechanically ventilated infectious disease patients, borderline significantly higher rate of ICU-BSI among those aged ≥ 65 years was related to longer use of ICU facilities, rather than to their older age itself. The duration of CVC use was identified as the only factor positively related to the development of ICU-BSI.
Deux formes de solidarité : leur relation à la capacité de penser et à l’aliénation
Authors: Frankel Jay 
Published: June 2018

Penser par soi-même empêche de fuir vers des fantasmes ou des meneurs autoritaires – une fuite constatée tout récemment par l’élection de Trump comme président des États-Unis, par exemple. La capacité de penser par soi-même demande un sentiment de sécurité qui, s’il n’est pas intériorisé, peut provenir d’un sentiment d’appartenance. Mais si nous avons besoin d’appartenance pour être sécurisés, quelle liberté avons-nous de penser autrement que le groupe ? Je propose l’existence de deux types de solidarité – la vraie solidarité où un sentiment d’affinité universel favorise la compassion et le sens d’une responsabilité de prendre soin d’autrui, ce qui donne de l’importance au fait de réfléchir à ce que nous faisons ; et une fausse solidarité, un fantasme paranoïde/maniaque partagé de supériorité envers un groupe méprisé, où penser par soi-même menace un sentiment d’appartenance fragile.
Histoire traumatique et transmission de la révolte
Authors: Peng Jenyu 
Published: June 2018

Le Mouvement des tournesols survenu à Taïwan au printemps 2014 a eu beaucoup de retentissement sur la politique, l’économie et l’éducation, mais aussi sur la psyché de la nouvelle génération. Ce mouvement fut mené principalement par des étudiants qui réussirent à occuper le Parlement pendant vingt-quatre jours. Mais leur tentative d’occuper aussi le siège du gouvernement fut brutalement réprimée. Le choc corporel et psychique, tel un moment initiatique, a suscité chez ces jeunes le désir de mieux connaître les violences d’État commises durant la période de la dictature, qui furent longtemps tues ou minimisées. Au cours d’une enquête ethno-psychanalytique, j’ai effectué des entretiens approfondis avec une trentaine de jeunes participants du mouvement, pour comprendre leurs motivations à y prendre part et ce qu’ils en retenaient. Nés après la levée de la loi martiale en 1987, ils se désignent comme des « indépendantistes naturels », c’est-à-dire que, pour eux, Taïwan et la Chine sont évidemment deux entités politiques distinctes, ce qui n’allait pas de soi pour la génération précédente. Pour eux, Taïwan est une démocratie jouissant d’une souveraineté nationale de facto . Ils croyaient vivre dans une société où les principes fondamentaux des droits de l’homme étaient respectés, et la justice sociale garantie. Or, quand les matraques de la police se sont abattues sur eux alors qu’ils étaient désarmés, ils ont perçu la fragilité de cette démocratie. J’observe chez ces jeunes blessés voire traumatisés un double mouvement de révolte , au sens donné par Kristeva : une révolte œdipienne pour renouveler l’ordre symbolique et un retour à l’archaïque pour retisser le lien avec les origines. Dans une quête subjectivante, imbriquée avec une recherche identitaire, cette génération façonne une nouvelle forme d’indépendantisme, plus à gauche que celui de la génération de leurs parents, qui se rapproche du nationalisme libéral décrit par Yaël Tamir. À travers une lecture mêlant l’histoire et la psychanalyse, je m’efforce de clarifier les circonstances dans lesquelles prend forme la version taïwanaise de ce nationalisme civique tel qu’il apparaît dans ce mouvement sans précédent, et dans quelle mesure il fait écho aux aspirations démocratiques des générations antérieures.
Une « UNESCO africaine » ?
Authors: Matasci Damiano 
Published: June 2018

Dès sa fondation en 1945, l’UNESCO alimente un intense débat international centré sur la lutte contre les inégalités éducatives dans les pays du Sud, y compris dans les « territoires non autonomes ». Craignant une intervention directe dans les colonies d’Afrique noire, le ministère de la France d’Outre-mer met alors en place des stratégies pour contrer toute tentative d’ingérence de la part des organismes onusiens. Il stimule notamment une importante coopération éducative à l’échelle intercoloniale. Celle-ci est censée certifier l’engagement renouvelé de la métropole pour le « bien-être » des populations locales et relégitimer ainsi la « mission civilisatrice » du colonialisme sur la scène internationale.
Simple ideas that work: Celebrating development in persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Bullen Ann , Luger Rosemary , Prudhomme Debbie , Geiger Martha 
Published: June 2018

Background: The purpose of this article is to share some lessons learnt by an interdisciplinary therapy team working with persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD), implemented in diverse, low-income contexts over a period of 8 years.Objectives: The objective of all the activities described here was to provide increased stimulation and development opportunities for persons with PIMD within different settings (day care centre, residential centre or family home).Method: We used an iterative action-learning approach where we applied existing evidence in the given context, reflected on and adapted strategies in collaboration with stakeholders on a cyclical basis. We focussed on achieving our objectives through ongoing hands-on training of the carers involved with the clients as we felt that by providing them with the knowledge and skills needed, plus ongoing support, these programmes would be more sustainable.Findings: It took some time to put systems in place in care settings, but once they became part of the daily routine, they provided increased opportunities for learning for clients with PIMD. In addition, there were often marked changes in individual clients’ communicative and physical functioning, which in turn encouraged carers to find new and different ways to interact with, and stimulate, the persons with PIMD in their care.Conclusion: Our hope is that parents and carers or professionals working in the field of PIMD in low-income contexts elsewhere may find one, some or all of these simple ideas useful in providing opportunities for learning, development and enjoyment for persons with PIMD.
Video Observation With Guided Reflection: A Method for Continuing Teaching Education
Authors: Merriam Sarah B. , Spataro Brielle , Hamm Megan E. , McNeil Melissa A. , DiNardo Deborah J. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBackground Best practices for faculty development programs include longitudinal, practice-based formats incorporating experiential learning with opportunities for reflection and community building. Peer coaching for faculty development provides personalized, learner-centered, work-based learning. Implementation of traditional 1-on-1 peer coaching programs is challenging due to time, logistics, and methodological barriers.Objective We sought to improve observation and reflection skills and to expand personal teaching practices of clinician educators.Methods In 2016, we developed and evaluated an innovative “1-to-many” peer-coaching model utilizing large group review of video-recorded teaching encounters. Forty-three clinician-educator faculty in general internal medicine at the University of Pittsburgh attended at least 1 of 6 sessions between February and August 2016. Sessions were moderated by a master facilitator who guided direct observation of, and reflection on, observed teaching and highlighted efficacious teaching methods. The study evaluated the acceptability and efficacy of this novel faculty development program qualitatively, with semistructured, postcurriculum telephone interviews with 20 participating faculty.Results All respondents stated that they would continue to attend faculty development sessions and would recommend them to others. The most frequently cited advantages included exposure to new teaching strategies, direct feedback, safe environment, community of practice, and growth mind-set, yet barriers emerged, such as discomfort reviewing video, difficulty giving feedback across hierarchy, and initial skepticism. None described the curriculum as critical or unsafe. Most reported increased self-reflection and adoption of new teaching behaviors.Conclusions This peer-coaching, video-based faculty development program was well received, feasible, and effective in changing self-reported teaching attitudes and practices.