bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selectivity for mid‐level properties of faces and places in the fusiform face area and parahippocampal place area
Authors: Coggan David D. , Baker Daniel H. , Andrews Timothy J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRegions in the ventral visual pathway, such as the fusiform face area (FFA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA) are selective for images from specific object categories. Yet images from different object categories differ in their image properties. To investigate how these image properties are represented in the FFA and PPA, we compared neural responses to locally‐SCRAMBLED images (in which mid‐level, spatial properties are preserved) and globally‐SCRAMBLED images (in which mid‐level, spatial properties are not preserved). There was a greater response in the FFA and PPA to images from the preferred CATEGORY relative to their non‐preferred category for the scrambled conditions. However, there was a greater selectivity for locally‐scrambled compared to globally‐scrambled images. Next, we compared the magnitude of fMR‐adaptation to intact and scrambled images. fMR‐adaptation was evident to locally‐scrambled images from the preferred category. However, there was no adaptation to globally‐scrambled images from the preferred category. These results show that the selectivity to faces and places in the FFA and PPA is dependent on mid‐level properties of the image that are preserved by local‐scrambling.
Impairments in gait kinematics and postural control may not correlate with dopamine transporter depletion in individuals with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cabeleira Maria Eduarda Parcianello , Pagnussat Aline Souza , do Pinho Alexandre Severo , Asquidamini Ane Caroline Dotta , Freire Ariane Bolla , Pereira Brenda Tubelo , de Mello Rieder Carlos Roberto , Schifino Giulia Palermo , Fornari Luis Henrique Tieppo , Junior Neivo da Silva , Corrêa Philipe Souza , Cechetti Fernanda 
Published: December 2018

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopamine, an important neurotransmitter involved in regulating movement. Nuclear medicine imaging methods such as single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) combined with radiotracers can obtain the density of this neurotransmitter. This reduced density leads to classic PD symptoms, such as bradykinesia, tremor and stiffness, consequently affecting walking and postural control. The aim of this study was to verify the correlation between disorders of gait kinematics and postural instability with dopamine depletion in individuals with mild to moderate PD. This is a descriptive, observational cross‐sectional study. Subjects were assessed for spatiotemporal gait parameters by a three‐dimensional motion capture system, for postural control by stabilometry on a force plate. Dopamine depletion was verified through 99mTc‐TRODAT‐1 (SPECT‐CT) examination. The subjects were in the off‐stage of levodopa in all analysis. We evaluated 71 individuals, 32 with mild to moderate PD (HY 2 and 2.5) and 39 healthy individuals matched for gender, age, and height. There was a significant difference between the groups regarding the spatiotemporal variables of gait, as well as in the stabilometric variables. However, there was no correlation between these disturbances and the uptake values of 99mTc‐TRODAT‐1. The results indicate that there is no correlation between gait impairments and postural instability of individuals with mild to moderate PD and the dopaminergic depletion measured through the 99mTc‐TRODAT‐1 (SPECT‐CT).
Feeding cycle alters the biophysics and molecular expression of voltage‐gated Na+ currents in rat hippocampal CA1 neurones
Authors: Bastos André E. P. , Costa Pedro F. , Varderidou‐Minasian Suzy , Altelaar Maarten , Lima Pedro A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe function of hippocampus as a hub for energy balance is a subject of broad and current interest. This study aims at providing more evidence on this regard by addressing the effects of feeding cycle on the voltage‐gated sodium (Na+) currents of acutely isolated Wistar rat hippocampal CA1 neurones. Specifically, by applying patch clamp techniques (whole cell voltage clamp and single channel in inside‐out patches) we assessed the influence of feeding and fasting conditions on the intrinsic biophysical properties of Na+ currents. Additionally, mass spectrometry and western blotting experiments were used to address the effect of feeding cycle over the Na+ channel population of the rat hippocampus. Na+ currents were recorded in neurones obtained from fed and fasted animals (here termed “fed neurones” and “fasted neurones”, respectively). Whole cell Na+ currents of fed neurones, as compared to fasted neurones, showed increased mean maximum current density and a higher “window current” amplitude. We demonstrate that these results are supported by an increased single channel Na+ conductance in fed neurones and, also, by a greater Nav1.2 channel density in plasma membrane‐enriched fractions of fed samples (but not in whole hippocampus preparations). These results imply fast variations on the biophysics and molecular expression of Na+ currents of rat hippocampal CA1 neurones, throughout the feeding cycle. Thus, one may expect a differentiated regulation of the intrinsic neuronal excitability, which may account for the role of the hippocampus as a processor of satiety information.
A Sam68‐dependent alternative splicing program shapes postsynaptic protein complexes
Authors: Witte Harald , Schreiner Dietmar , Scheiffele Peter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlternative splicing is one of the key mechanisms to increase the diversity of cellular transcriptomes, thereby expanding the coding capacity of the genome. This diversity is of particular importance in the nervous system with its elaborated cellular networks. Sam68, a member of the Signal Transduction Associated RNA‐binding (STAR) family of RNA‐binding proteins, is expressed in the developing and mature nervous system but its neuronal functions are poorly understood. Here, we perform genome‐wide mapping of the Sam68‐dependent alternative splicing program in mice. We find that Sam68 is required for the regulation of a set of alternative splicing events in pre‐mRNAs encoding several postsynaptic scaffolding molecules that are central to the function of GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses. These components include Collybistin (Arhgef9), Gephyrin (Gphn), and Densin‐180 (Lrrc7). Sam68‐regulated Lrrc7 variants engage in differential protein interactions with signalling proteins, thus, highlighting a contribution of the Sam68 splicing program to shaping synaptic complexes. These findings suggest an important role for Sam68‐dependent alternative splicing in the regulation of synapses in the central nervous system.
Where Newton might have taken ecology
Authors: Currie David J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA dilemma in ecologyEcologists aspire to build a discipline to both understand the natural world and to provide society with tools to make responsible decisions about the environment. For both of these purposes, most sciences have, at their core, a set of empirical generalizations that predict the behaviour of important properties of nature (e.g., Newton’s laws of mechanics, Mendeleev’s periodic table, Mendel’s genetics). Ecological science, in contrast, has favoured studies to understand processes (competition, population regulation, etc. – i.e., independent variables) rather than models that predict attributes of nature (dependent variables). Classical reductionist scientific training emphasizes studies of mechanisms under controlled experimental conditions. Yet, inferences about nature from experiments are nearly always unjustifiable extrapolations beyond the experimental conditions. Mechanisms that are statistically detectable in experimental systems may contribute very little to the variation of nature. Studies of ecological processes in isolation may contribute to “expert understanding,” but experts have been shown to be poor predictors of the behaviour of natural systems.A proposed solutionThe more relevant, often neglected question is: what factors can statistically account for the observed variance of nature? A more Newtonian approach to ecology would: (a) first, specify the properties of nature (i.e., dependent variables) whose variance is of concern; (b) develop models that statistically capture the variance of those properties in nature; (c) demonstrate that those models can predict independent data; and, only last, (d) experimentally test hypotheses about processes that could give rise to the predictable patterns in nature.Why it mattersSuccessful disciplines identify specific goals and measure progress toward those goals. Predictive accuracy of properties of nature is a measure of that progress in ecology. Predictive accuracy is the objective evidence of understanding. It is the most useful tool that science can offer society.
Intestinal F‐box protein regulates quick avoidance behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans to the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Saito Ryuichi , Shinkai Yoichi , Doi Motomichi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn most animals, avoiding pathogenic bacteria is crucial for better health and a long life span. For this purpose, animals should be able to quickly sense the presence or uptake of pathogens. The intestine could be a candidate organ to induce escape behaviors; however, the intestinal signaling mechanism for acute regulation of neuronal activity is not well understood. Here, we show that adult Caenorhabditis elegans can respond to the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 30 min of exposure. This behavior was much faster than previously observed avoidance behaviors in response to P. aeruginosa. By genetic screening, we isolated a mutant defective in this quick avoidance behavior and found that the novel F‐box protein FBXC‐58 is involved. FBXC‐58 is expressed in several tissues, but defective avoidance was rescued by expression of the protein in the intestine. Interestingly, we also found that some but not all mutants in the p38‐MAPK and insulin‐like signaling pathways, which function in the immune response to pathogens in the intestine, were defective in the quick avoidance behavior to P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that a novel signaling pathway in the intestine exists to regulate neuronal activity for a quick behavioral response.
Diagnostic performance of an artificial neural network to predict excess body fat in children
Authors: Duran Ibrahim , Martakis Kyriakos , Rehberg Mirko , Semler Oliver , Schoenau Eckhard 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundWaist circumference (WC) and z scores of body mass index (BMI) are commonly used to predict childhood obesity, although BMI and WC have a limited sensitivity.ObjectivesTo generate an artificial neural network (ANN), using the input parameters age, height, weight, and WC, to predict excess body fat in children.MethodsAs part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study, in the years 1999 to 2004, the body fat percentage of randomly selected Americans from 8 to 19 years were measured using whole‐body dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Excess body fat was defined as a body fat percentage ≥ 85th centile.ResultsThe data of 1999 children (856 female) were eligible. In females, the sensitivity of the BMI, WC, and ANN approaches to predict excess body fat were 0.751 (95% CI, 0.730‐0.771), 0.523 (0.487‐0.559), and 0.782 (0.754‐0.810), respectively. In males, the sensitivity of the BMI, WC, and ANN approaches to predict excess body fat were 0.721 (95% CI, 0.699‐0.743), 0.572 (0.549‐0.594), and 0.795 (0.768‐0.821).ConclusionsOnly in boys, the diagnostic performance in identifying excess body fat was better by using an ANN than by applying BMI and WC z scores. In girls, the ANN and BMI z scores performed comparable and significantly better than WC z scores.
A VPE‐like protease NtTPE8 exclusively expresses in the integumentary tapetum and is involved in seed development
Authors: Wang Wei , Xiong Hanxian , Lin Rongxin , Zhao Nantian , Zhao Peng , Sun Meng‐Xiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) is an essential process for development, and shows conserved cytological features in both plants and animals. Caspases are well‐known critical components of the PCD machinery in animals. However, currently few typical counterparts have been identified in plants and only several caspase‐like proteases are known to be involved in plant PCD, indicating the existence of great challenge for confirming new caspase‐like proteases and elucidating the mechanisms regulating plant PCD. Here, we report a novel cysteine protease, NtTPE8, which was extracted from tobacco seeds and confirmed as a new caspase‐like protease. Recombinant NtTPE8 exhibited legumain and caspase‐like proteolytic activities, both of which could be inhibited by the pan‐caspase inhibitor (Z‐VAD‐FMK). Notably, NtTPE8 possessed several caspase activities and the capacity to cleave the cathepsin H substrate FVR, indicating a unique character of NtTPE8. NtTPE8 was exclusively expressed in the integumentary tapetum and thus, is the first specific molecular marker reported to date for this cell type. Down‐regulation of NtTPE8 caused seed abortion, via disturbing early embryogenesis, indicating its critical role in embryogenesis and seed development. In conclusion, we identified a novel caspase‐like cysteine protease, NtTPE8, exclusively expressed in the integumentary tapetum that is involved in seed development.
Exploring Similarity and Stability of Differentiation in Relationships: A Dyadic Study of Bowen's Theory
Authors: Handley Valerie A. , Bradshaw Spencer D. , Milstead Kaitlyn A. , Bean Roy A. 
Published: December 2018

Bowen family systems theory (BFST) identifies differentiation of self as a crucial characteristic that relates to one's individual and relational maturity. Bowen theorizes that an individual's level of differentiation typically remains static over time and that individuals select and pair in relationships with others who have similar levels of differentiation. This study aimed to test the hypotheses of BFST by using components of differentiation of self, emotional reactivity, and emotional cutoff, in dyadic structural equation modeling. Specifically, a longitudinal dyadic confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation longitudinal panel model were two analyses utilized to statistically test the dyadic nonindependence and stability of emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff across time. Results indicated mixed support for Bowen's assumptions regarding similarity (nonindependence) and stability. That is, small levels of nonindependence and significant stability paths across time were found. Theoretical implications and considerations for future research are discussed.
Pain process of patients with cardiac surgery—Semantic annotation of electronic patient record data
Authors: Heikkilä Kristiina , Axelin Anna , Peltonen Laura‐Maria , Heimonen Juho , Anttila Pauliina , Viljanen Timo , Salakoski Tapio , Salanterä Sanna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe and compare the pain process of the patients’ with cardiac surgery through nurses’ and physicians’ documentations in the electronic patient records.BackgroundPostoperative pain assessment and management should be documented regularly, to ensure optimal pain care process for patients. Despite availability of evidence‐based guidelines, pain assessment and documentation remain inadequate.DesignA retrospective patients’ record review.MethodsThe original data consisted of the electronic patient records of 26,922 patients with a diagnosed heart disease. A total of 1,818 care episodes of patients with cardiac surgery were selected from the data. We used random sampling to obtain 280 care episodes for annotation. These 280 care episodes contained 2,156 physician reports and 1,327 days of nursing notes. We developed an annotation manual and schema, and then, we manually conducted semantic annotation on care episodes, using the Brat annotation tool. We analysed the annotation units using thematic analysis. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guideline was followed in reporting where appropriate in this study design.ResultsWe discovered expressions of six different aspects of pain process: (a) cause, (b) situation, (c) features, (d) consequences, (e) actions and (f) outcomes. We determined that five of the aspects existed chronologically. However, the features of pain were simultaneously existing. They indicated the location, quality, intensity, and temporality of the pain and they were present in every phase of the patient’s pain process. Cardiac and postoperative pain documentations differed from each other in used expressions and in the quantity and quality of descriptions.ConclusionWe could construct a comprehensive pain process of the patients with cardiac surgery from several electronic patient records. The challenge remains how to support systematic documentation in each patient.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study provides knowledge and guidance of pain process aspects that can be used to achieve an effective pain assessment and more comprehensive documentation.
Attitudes and needs of residents in long‐term care facilities regarding physical activity—A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Maurer Carola , Draganescu Sever , Mayer Hanna , Gattinger Heidrun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify the attitudes and needs of nursing home residents regarding physical activity.BackgroundNursing home residents often have mobility problems and are at high risk for further mobility impairment. From their point of view, being physically active is an important part of their perceived quality of life. However, no study has synthesised existing qualitative literature on residents’ attitudes and needs regarding physical activity.DesignSynthesis of qualitative studies.MethodsA systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies was performed, using ENTREQ statement for reporting. Three databases (PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched, supplemented by a hand search. Qualitative studies published in English or German were included if they addressed the attitudes and needs of residents concerning the promotion of physical activities. Finally, 12 studies were critically reviewed, and a thematic synthesis was conducted.ResultsFour analytical themes relating to residents’ attitudes were identified: “promoting physical activity increases the quality of life,” “accepting the conditions,” “personal initiative is significant” and “promoting physical activity is not helpful.” Relating to residents’ needs, the analyses yielded five themes: “living autonomously,” “continuing life as before,” “competent care,” “individually adapted programme and support,” and “barrier‐free accessibility.”ConclusionNursing home residents have different attitudes and needs regarding being physically active. It is important to perceive these attitudes and needs of each resident and to offer an individually adapted programme and support. Further research should consider motivational strategies for residents who are not very much familiar with being physically active and offer exercise programmes with individual parts to address residents’ preferences.Relevance to clinical practiceTo motivate and activate residents, institutions should be aware of residents’ individual attitudes and needs regarding physical activity. Further development of interventions concerning mobility promotion activities and their implementation in long‐term care settings should consider the outlined factors.
Leaving the Financial Nest: Connecting Young Adults' Financial Independence to Financial Security
Authors: Bea Megan Doherty , Yi Youngmin 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThis study examines variation in young adults' transitions to financial independence and the relationship between these transitions and financial security.BackgroundIndividuals rely on their families for substantial financial support well into early adulthood, even as young adults perceive independence as a key marker of adulthood. Given known variation in transitions to adulthood and unequal exposure to financial precariousness across social groups, the authors ask whether heterogeneity emerges with regards to the timing of financial independence and types of support received and how differences in pathways to independence may matter for financial security later in young adulthood.MethodThe authors estimate group‐based trajectory models of four indicators of financial independence for 1,719 young adults from age 18 to 27 using data from the 2005 to 2015 Panel Study of Income Dynamics. These trajectories are then used to estimate predicted levels of financial security at the end of the study period using logistic and linear regression analysis.ResultsThe results show that paths to young adults' financial independence are best characterized by four types of trajectories: consistently independent (23%), quickly independent (41%), gradually independent (23%), and consistently supported (13%), with types and duration of support varying substantially across trajectories. The authors find that young adults experiencing trajectories characterized by lower levels of familial support also report higher levels of financial insecurity by the end of the survey.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the patterning and timing of financial independence in the transition to adulthood has implications for early adult financial well‐being.
Global crude oil market shocks and global commodity prices
Authors: Melichar Mark , Atems Bebonchu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between shocks to the global crude oil market and commodity prices, and whether recent changes in US renewable energy policy have altered this relationship. Although other papers have studied the effect of oil price shocks on commodity prices (particularly agricultural commodity prices), this paper contributes to the literature in that it accounts for endogenous oil price shocks as in Kilian (). We find asymmetric responses in commodity index prices to endogenous oil price shocks, with oil demand shocks leading to higher energy and non‐energy commodity index prices for the full sample period and oil supply shocks producing less of an impact. We also find evidence of heterogeneity after changes in US energy policy in 2006, with a stronger relationship between oil and other commodity prices. Specifically, oil‐specific demand shocks lead to responses of greater magnitude and statistical significance for non‐energy commodity indexes.
Development of multi‐lens aerial cameras in the UK for topographic mapping during the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Petrie Gordon , Nolan Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper provides an account of the development of the multi‐lens aerial photographic cameras that were constructed in the UK for topographic mapping purposes under the auspices of the Air Survey Committee during the interwar period of the 1920s and 1930s. Three‐, five‐ and seven‐lens cameras were designed and built by the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough and by Barr & Stroud in Glasgow; these are described in some detail. The results of the mapping tests that were carried out with these cameras are also presented. Comparisons are made with the similar multi‐lens cameras that were constructed in the USA and Europe during the same period. The recent revival of multi‐lens aerial cameras with their oblique pointing lenses is also briefly discussed.