bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence at the final stage of volcanic island ontogeny: Abiotic predictors explain native plant species richness on 111 remote Pacific atolls
Authors: Larrue Sébastien , Butaud Jean‐François , Daehler Curtis C. , Ballet Stéphane , Chadeyron Julien , Oyono Roger 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimThe final island ontogeny of the general dynamic model (GDM) (i.e., before island submergence) in tropical oceans corresponds to the coral atoll stage. Here, we examined whether the species richness of native vascular plants (indigenous and endemic species) on atolls is controlled by spatial and/or physical processes. We also predicted that atolls strongly affected by anthropogenic disturbance would have lower native species richness than predicted by spatial and physical processes.LocationMarshall Islands, Kiribati Islands, Nauru, Niue, Johnston, Cook Islands, French Polynesia and Pitcairn Islands (Pacific Ocean).TaxonNative vascular plants.MethodsWe used stepwise regression to test the relative influence of five biogeographic variables on native species richness. Relationships were assessed for the full set of 111 Pacific coral atolls, as well as for atoll subsets ranging from 9 to 45 atolls. An index of human impact was then estimated, and residuals in the regression model predicting species richness from biogeographic variables were compared with the level of human impact.ResultsA regression model including atoll area, highest atoll elevation, the stepping stone distances from the nearest raised atoll and volcanic island explained native species richness on the 111 Pacific coral atolls. Regression models for different archipelagos and atoll subsets were also significant. Endemic species richness was significantly linked with highest atoll elevation and the stepping stone distances from the nearest raised atoll. Residuals in the biogeographic regression model were barely related to human impact across the 111 atolls but were significantly related to human impact in the Kiribati atolls.Main conclusionsNative species richness on atolls is mainly controlled by physical and spatial characteristics. However, anthropogenic disturbances have altered the predicted pattern of native species richness leading to a lower model fit in some atoll subsets.
Variation in mandible development and its relationship to dependence on parents across burying beetles
Authors: Benowitz Kyle M. , Sparks Madeline E. , McKinney Elizabeth C. , Moore Patricia J. , Moore Allen J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn species with parental care, there is striking variation in offspring dependence at birth, ranging from feeding independence to complete dependency on parents for nutrition. Frequently, highly dependent offspring further evolve reductions or alterations of morphological traits that would otherwise promote self‐sufficiency. Here, we examine evidence for morphological evolution associated with dependence in burying beetles (Nicrophorusspp.), in which dependence upon parents appears to have several independent origins. In many species, precocial first instar larvae can survive without parenting, but several altricial species die at this stage on their own. We focused specifically on the mandibles, which are expected to be related to feeding ability and therefore independence from parents.ResultsWe find no evidence that the size of the mandible is related to dependence on parents. However, we do find a developmental and phylogenetic correlation between independence and the presence of serrations on the inner edge of the mandible. Mandibles of independent species bear serrations at hatching, whereas dependent species hatch with smooth mandibles, only developing serrations in the second instar when these larvae gain the ability to survive on their own. Phylogenetic evidence suggests that serrations coincide with independence repeatedly. We note a single exception to this trend, a beetle with a serrated mandible that cannot survive without parents. However, this exception occurs in a species that has recently evolved the loss of independence.ConclusionsWe argue that the absence of mandible serrations occurs due to alternative selection pressures incurred in larvae dependent upon parents to survive. We suggest that this may have led to a variable function for mandibles, perhaps related to increased competitive ability among siblings or increased efficiency in receiving nutrition from parents. Furthermore, we propose that the phylogenetic pattern we see is consistent with the long‐held evolutionary hypothesis that evolutionary change in behavior and physiology precede morphological change.
Transient flow in wellbores and phase transition of CO2 during formation supercritical CO2 invasion
Authors: Dou Liangbin , Zhang Ming , Bi Gang , Li Tiantai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCO2 reservoirs and high CO2 content gas reservoirs in marine sediments generally have complex pressure system, which usually encounters supercritical CO2(SC‐CO2) invasion into the wellbore during drilling process. The wellbore transient flow and phase transition along the wellbore during the drilling process has not been thoroughly investigated, because the CO2 physical properties and the reservoirs petrophysical properties could affect the transient flow of mixed fluid and phase transition of CO2 along the well. A numerical model is presented in this research to analyze the transient flow in wellbores and to predict phase transition of CO2 during formation SC‐CO2 invasion in the drilling process. The main considerations were the following: multiphase transient flow in wellbores was coupled with the non‐Darcy flow through the formation; wellbore temperature, pressure and the mixture of drilling fluid and SC‐CO2 were calculated in the method of coupling; the invaded SC‐CO2 could affect the mixed fluid physical properties in the annulus; the change of physical properties of CO2 (eg, solubility, phase transition) was considered and integrated. The research results indicate that as the mixture of drilling fluid and SC‐CO2 flows from the bottom to the surface, the invaded CO2 is difficult to be detected at the early invasion stage because of high CO2 density and solubility; the CO2 would change from supercritical to gas phase and the dissolved quantity and density of CO2 rapidly decrease near the wellhead, and further cause well‐control issues. Furthermore, the bottom‐hole pressure (BHP) would decrease and could not provide sufficient balance to the formation pressure, which could significantly increase the risk of well blowout. Sensitivity analysis was utilized to evaluate the effects of the choke pressure, drilling fluid pumping rate, initial pressure difference, reservoir permeability, and drilled reservoir thickness on the BHP and the depth of phase transition of CO2.
Unmet supportive care needs in patients treated with total laryngectomy and its associated factors
Authors: Jansen Femke , Eerenstein Simone Elisabeth Jacoba , Lissenberg‐Witte Birgit Ilja , van Uden‐Kraan Cornelia Foekje , Leemans Charles René , Verdonck‐de Leeuw Irma Maria 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate unmet supportive care needs in patients treated with total laryngectomy and its associated factors.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 283 patients who underwent total laryngectomy completed questions on supportive care needs (Supportive Care Needs Survey [SCNS]). Median time since total laryngectomy surgery was 7 years (range 0‐37 years). The prevalence of unmet supportive care needs and its associated factors were investigated using logistic regression analyses.ResultsUnmet supportive care needs were highest for the head and neck cancer‐specific functioning domain (53%), followed by the psychological (39%), physical and daily living (37%), health system, information, and patient support (35%), sexuality (23%), and lifestyle (5%) domains. Seventy‐one percent reported at least one low, moderate, or high unmet need. Female sex, living alone, and having a voice prosthesis were positively associated with unmet needs on 1 domain (P < .05). A worse health‐related quality of life was associated with unmet needs on all domains.ConclusionThe majority of patients who underwent total laryngectomy report at least one low, moderate, or high unmet supportive care need.
The non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium induces abnormal embryogenesis and delayed lethal effects in early life stage zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Horie Yoshifumi , Yamagishi Takahiro , Yagi Ayano , Shintaku Yoko , Iguchi Taisen , Tatarazako Norihisa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiclofenac sodium, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug widely used in both human and veterinary medicine, has been detected in aquatic environments; therefore, its ecotoxicological effects on aquatic organisms need to be clarified. Recently, toxicity testing using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos has been recommended from the point of view of animal welfare; therefore, we investigated the suitability of using sub‐lethal endpoints observed during embryogenesis for predicting lethal effects in early life stage zebrafish exposed to diclofenac sodium. After exposure to diclofenac sodium (0.4‐7.0 mg/L) from 2 hours post‐fertilization to 30 days post‐hatching, abnormal embryogenesis, characterized by the presence of edema and body curvature, was observed in the 7.0 mg/L exposure group but not in any other groups including controls. The body curvature was found to be the result of abnormal development of the spine. All abnormal embryos hatched without delay, but died within 1 week after hatching, suggesting that the combination of the sub‐lethal endpoints of edema and abnormal development of the spine during embryogenesis may predict lethal effects in early life stage zebrafish exposed to diclofenac sodium. Further investigations to verify these findings are needed. The value of the no observed effect concentrations for the embryogenesis, survival and growth endpoints were 3.5, 1.8 and >3.5 mg/L, respectively.
Circulating CEA‐dNLR score predicts clinical outcome of metastatic gallbladder cancer patient
Authors: Du Jing‐Hui , Lu Jun 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundCancer‐related inflammation promotes gallbladder tumorigenesis and metastasis of gallbladder cancer (mGBC). The levels of circulating inflammatory‐related cell and protein as well as the ratios of them may imply the severity of chronic inflammation in GBC patients, and all of them are candidate prognostic biomarkers for mGBC.Materials and methodsIn our study, pre‐treatment circulating immune cell, fibrinogen (Fib), albumin (Alb), and pre‐albumin (pAlb) were detected in 220 mGBC patients, and we calculated neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Alb‐to‐Fib ratio (AFR), and Fib‐to‐pAlb ratio (FPR) replying on the detection. Three years’ follow‐up was carried out in those patients, and we investigated the possible associations between those biomarkers and three years’ overall survival (OS) of these patients using X‐tile software, Kaplan‐Meier curve, Cox regression, and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC).ResultsOur results showed that OS of the patients with high pAlb and LMR was significantly superior to the cases with the low biomarkers, respectively. However, survival of the cases with high CEA, dNLR, and FPR was significantly inferior to the patients with low levels of those biomarkers. Area under the curve (AUC) of time‐dependent ROC of CEA and dNLR was higher than pAlb, LMR, and FPR, respectively. Additionally, higher CEA‐dNLR score (adjusted HR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.01‐4.51 for the score one; adjusted HR = 4.99, 95% CI = 2.32‐7.21 for the score two) was significantly associated with reduced survival of the patients, and AUC of the score for predicting clinical outcome of mGBC patients was 0.756, and it was significantly higher than the single CEA and dNLR, respectively.ConclusionOur findings implied that pretreatment CEA‐dNLR score was superior to the other biomarkers to predict OS of mGBC patients, and it was an independent prognostic factor for the disease.
Evaluation of biological variation of glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin in healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: Liang Libo , He He , Zeng Yuping , Zhang Mei , Wang Xia , Li Xiaoling , Liang Shanshan , An Zhenmei , Huang Hengjian 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundGlycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycated serum albumin (GSA) are used to evaluate the mean blood glucose levels. To ensure safe clinical application of HbA1c and GSA, reliable biological variation (BV) data are required. The aim of this research was to define the BV of HbA1c and GSA employing stringent rules.MethodsBlood samples were drawn from 19 healthy subjects (10 females, nine males) once per week for 5 weeks. All samples were analyzed using enzymatic method for GSA and HPLC for HbA1c. The data were assessed for outliers, normality and variance homogeneity, and coefficient of variation (by ANOVA) for BV. Sex‐stratified BV including within‐subject (CVI) and between‐subject (CVG) was defined for HbA1c and GSA.ResultsThe following estimates for BV values for CVI and CVG, respectively, were GSA: 1.23% and 4.67%, Alb: 0.75% and 3.18%, and HbA1c: 0.12% and 2.91%. The RCV of GSA was 3.61%, and HbA1c was 1.41%. And the II was 0.26 for GSA, and 0.07 for HbA1c, both of them less than 0.6. According to the 95% CI, the CVI of HbA1c was statistically different between females and males. And both the CVG of HbA1c and GSA were statistically different between females and males.ConclusionAll CVI and CVG estimates were lower than those reported in the online BV database. And there is a significant difference between males and females. Analytical performance specifications derived from BV of this research can be applied internationally.
Prevalence of food‐allergen and aeroallergen sensitization among people in Sichuan, Western China: An 8‐year observational study
Authors: Huang Zhuochun , Feng Weihua , Wei Wei , Yang Bin , Wang Lanlan 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundIdentifying the distribution of allergens is invaluable to effective diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease. The present study aims to analyze the epidemiology of allergens in Sichuan, Western China.MethodsA total of 14 030 participants including 8031 men and 5999 women were enrolled in this study during 2007‐2014 in West China Hospital. An assay testing for the presence of allergen‐specific IgE was used to identify highly immunogenic allergens.ResultsOf the 14 030 total participants, 3470 (24.72%) were sensitive to at least one of tested allergens. The most immunogenic allergens were mite mix (1876, 13.38%), crab (876, 6.24%), sea‐fish mix (865, 6.16%), house dust (355, 2.54%), and cockroach (292, 2.08%). The differences between population of participants who were sensitive to food allergens and aeroallergens were statistically significant in 0 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 30, 41 to 50, and 51 to 60 year‐old age‐groups (all P < 0.05). Distributions of three food allergens and two aeroallergens were significantly different between male and female participants. There was also an increase in sensitization to cow's milk, mutton, sea‐fish, and mould that was observed in the 71 to 90 year‐old group.ConclusionThe most common allergens presented in Sichuan were observed to be mites, crab, sea‐fish, and house dust. There was an observable difference in sensitivity to five allergens between males and females. Additionally, aeroallergens appeared to have a greater immunogenic effect in younger populations while the elderly presented with increased sensitization to specific allergens, suggesting that specific allergens' immunogenicity was age‐dependent.
Expression pattern and histone acetylation of energy metabolic genes in Xenopus laevis liver in response to diet statuses
Authors: Tamaoki Keiji , Ishihara Akinori , Yamauchi Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmphibians can survive without food for relatively longer periods by reducing the locomotor activity and metabolic rate and can recover quickly with refeeding from a dormant state. To clarify the molecular mechanism underlying this survival strategy, we investigated serum biochemical parameters, the transcript levels of energy metabolic genes, and global and gene‐specific histone modifications in the liver of adult male Xenopus laevis, which were fed, fasted, or refed after fasting. Glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and free fatty–acid levels in sera decreased with fasting for 22 days, with only glucose levels recovered with 1 day of refeeding. The transcript levels of two‐thirds of energy metabolic genes tested decreased with fasting for 22 days and partially recovered with 1 day of refeeding. The transcript levels of gluconeogenesis and lipid catabolism genes did not increase with fasting for 22 days. The Western blot analysis revealed no significant differences in the amounts of acetylated and methylated histones in the liver among the three groups on Day 22. The amounts of acetylated histone H4 did not change in diet‐response genes, although the transcript levels of these genes quickly responded to fasting and refeeding. Our results indicate that
Xenopus liver may respond to fasting toward an overall decrease in transcriptional activity and to refeeding toward quick recovery, despite no significant changes in histone acetylation level. This unusual unresponsiveness of histone acetylation to diet conditions may serve as an effective adaptation strategy to minimize energy demands during fasting and to quickly respond to refeeding.
T wave oversensing in subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary to hematoma formation: A potential cause of early postimplantation inappropriate shocks
Authors: Halawa Ahmad , Gautam Sandeep 
Published: November 2018

AbstractT wave oversensing (TWOS) is the most common cause of inappropriate shocks in subcutaneous cardioverter‐defibrillators (S‐ICD). We are presenting a patient with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy who received a S‐ICD while on antiplatelets therapy. Pressure dressing was applied due to significant bleeding. On the first postoperative day, the device delivered 26 inappropriate shocks after removal of the pressure dressing. Interrogation revealed new TWOS, likely related to changes in the sensing vectors after hematoma formation.
Simultaneous leadless pacemaker and subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation—When vascular options have run out
Authors: Ng Jit Beng , Chua Kelvin , Teo Wee Siong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn end‐stage renal failure patient who was planned for a left brachioaxillary arteriovenous graft required an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator for secondary prevention of ventricular tachycardia and a pacemaker for complete heart block but was found to have a right subclavian venous occlusion. Due to the lack of vascular access, we performed a successful subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) and leadless pacemaker implantation. There was no interaction between the devices at the time of implantation, during defibrillation testing and following an appropriate defibrillation therapy.
Implantable loop recorder in clinical practice
Authors: Bisignani Antonio , De Bonis Silvana , Mancuso Luigi , Ceravolo Gianluca , Bisignani Giovanni 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe implantable loop recorder (ILR), also known as insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) is a subcutaneous device used for diagnosing heart rhythm disorders. These devices have been strongly improved and miniaturized during the last years showing several reliable features along with the availability of remote monitoring which improves the diagnostic timing and the follow‐up strategy with a potential reduction of costs for health care. The recent advent of injectable ILRs makes the procedure even easier and more tolerated by patients. ILR allows the investigation of unexplained recurrent syncope with uncertain diagnosis, revealing a possible relationship with cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, it has recently been equipped with sophisticated algorithms able to detect atrial fibrillation episodes. This new opportunity may provide to the physicians systematic heart rhythm screening with possible effects on patient antiarrhythmic and anticoagulant therapy management. The use of such devices will surely increase, since they may be helpful to diagnose a wide range of disorders and pathologies. Indeed, further studies should be performed in order to identify all the potentialities of these tools.
Impacts of the combined modes of the tropical Indo‐Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies on the tropical cyclone genesis over the western North Pacific
Authors: Liu Yong , Huang Ping , Chen Guanghua 
Published: November 2018

This work presents two combined modes of the summer sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Indo‐Pacific Ocean during 1979–2015 and investigates their influences on the tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency (TCGF) over the western North Pacific (WNP). The first mode (referred to as ENSO‐IODM) features Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) SSTAs in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and El Niño‐like SSTAs in the tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO) and often appears during the ENSO phase persistence summers. It usually triggers an anomalous cyclone and more TCs over the southeastern WNP together with an anomalous anticyclone and fewer TCs over the northwestern WNP. These are primarily attributed to the effect of the El Niño‐like SSTAs over the TPO. The second mode (referred to as ENM‐IOBM) is characterized by Indian Ocean basin (IOB) positive SSTAs in the TIO and La Niña Modoki‐like (ENSO Modoki; ENM) SSTAs in the TPO and often presents during the ENSO phase transition summers. The combined effects of the IOBM and ENM SSTAs induce an anomalous anticyclone over the WNP that significantly suppresses TC genesis over the central WNP.The impacts of the two combined modes on the WNP TCGF also reveal inter‐decadal changes with significant weakening of the ENSO‐IODM and strengthening of the ENM‐IOBM around the early 1990s. These are attributed to the weakened variability of the ENSO‐IODM and intensified variability of the ENM‐IOBM around the early 1990s, and show largely association with the changes in the ENSO cycle. Most of the ENSO events prior to the early 1990s show a long decaying phase with persistence features but exhibit a short decaying phase even with phase transition after the early 1990s. This brings more ENSO‐IODM structures in the summer TIPO SSTAs before the early 1990s and more ENM‐IOBM structures during the latter period, and thereby results in such above inter‐decadal changes.
Biologically guided implant therapy: A diagnostic and therapeutic strategy of conservation and preservation based on periodontal staging and grading
Authors: Greenwell Henry , Wang Hom‐Lay , Kornman Kenneth S. , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBiologically guided implant therapy is based on the new periodontitis classification system recently released by the American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology that uses staging and grading for the diagnosis of periodontitis. This paper proposes that periodontitis staging and grading should be used in dental implant therapy as a means to ensure maximum conservation of teeth and maximum preservation of alveolar bone. These biologic principles should guide the treatment planning process and supersede a mechanically based, restoratively driven rationale that should be secondary to the biologic principles of conservation and preservation but part of the collaborative treatment planning process. And treatment alternatives throughout the patient's lifetime should be provided for in case of prosthesis loss due to peri‐implantitis. The use of grading will help with recognition of systemic aspects that can have a negative impact.