bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatrists’ reflections on a medication-free program for patients with psychosis
Authors: Yeisen Rafal AH , Bjørnestad Jone , Joa Inge , Johannessen Jan Olav , Opjordsmoen Stein 
Published: January 2019

Background: Based on a collective action from a number of Norwegian user organizations for mental health, the Norwegian government demanded the regional health authorities to establish a medication-free treatment option for patients with severe mental illnesses. This change in governmental health policy has several direct implications, including making antipsychotic medication to a greater extent optional for patients with active psychosis. Aims: The sim of this study was to investigate psychiatrists’ reflections on the public medication-free program and how they think it will affect patients’ adherence to antipsychotics generally. Method: We used a thematic analytic approach within an interpretative phenomenological framework. Consecutively semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 psychiatrists (16 female, with 4–35 years of specialist experience). Results: Thematic analysis revealed four main interrelated themes. Psychiatrists considered medication-free treatment as an unscientific option for a stigmatized patient group; they believed that the advent of such a program is due to proposals from some dissatisfied users and their supporters and not from the majority of patients; in spite of active psychotic symptoms and lack of insight, patients had a crucial impact on choice of treatment and accordingly on adherence to medication; and psychiatrists reported that they in spite of governmental instructions utilized professionalism against unscientific ideology. Conclusions: Despite all the internal and external pressure that the psychiatrists reported being exposed to, this did not affect their professional integrity in medical decisions based on guidelines, expertise and research studies. They believed that this treatment option would exacerbate negative attitudes towards medication and further worsen already existing adherence issues.
Panicolytic-like effect of µ1-opioid receptor blockade in the inferior colliculus of prey threatened by Crotalus durissus terrificus pit vipers
Authors: Calvo Fabrício , Almada Rafael Carvalho , dos Anjos-Garcia Tayllon , Falconi- Sobrinho Luiz Luciano , Paschoalin-Maurin Tatiana , Bazaglia-de-Sousa Guilherme , Medeiros Priscila , Silva Juliana Almeida da , Lobão-Soares Bruno , Coimbra Norberto Cysne 
Published: January 2019

Background: The endogenous opioid peptide system has been implicated in the neural modulation of fear and anxiety organised by the dorsal midbrain. Furthermore, previous results indicate a fundamental role played by inferior colliculus (IC) opioid mechanisms during the expression of defensive behaviours, but the involvement of the IC µ1-opioid receptor in the modulation of anxiety- and panic attack-related behaviours remains unclear. Using a prey-versus-snake confrontation paradigm, we sought to investigate the effects of µ1-opioid receptor blockade in the IC on the defensive behaviour displayed by rats in a dangerous situation. Methods: Specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were treated with microinjection of the selective µ1-opioid receptor antagonist naloxonazine into the IC at different concentrations (1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 µg/0.2 µL) and then confronted with rattlesnakes ( Crotalus durissus terrificus). The defensive behavioural repertoire, such as defensive attention, flat back approach (FBA), startle, defensive immobility, escape or active avoidance, displayed by rats either during the confrontations with wild snakes or during re-exposure to the experimental context without the predator was analysed. Results: The blockade of µ1-opioid receptors in the IC decreased the expression of both anxiety-related behaviours (defensive attention, FBA) and panic attack-related responses (startle, defensive immobility and escape) during the confrontation with rattlesnakes. A significant decrease in defensive attention was also recorded during re-exposure of the prey to the experimental apparatus context without the predator. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that a decrease in µ1-opioid receptor signalling activity within the IC modulates anxiety- and panic attack-related behaviours in dangerous environments.
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: diagnostic performance of radiologists with varying levels of experience in comparing MR images acquired using field strengths of 1.5 and 3 Tesla
Authors: Shim Euddeum , Lee Joon Woo , Lee Eugene , Kang Yusuhn , Kang Heung Sik , Kang Woo Young , Im Tae Seong 
Published: January 2019

Background Although both 1.5-Tesla (T) and 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used for the diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), there have been no comparative studies. Purpose This study compared the performance of both imaging modalities for diagnosing CSM among radiologists with varying experience levels. Material and Methods Four independent readers with different levels of experience reviewed 1.5-T and 3-T MR images of 79 patients with cervical spondylopathies. For both field strengths, images were evaluated for the depiction of intramedullary T2 hyperintensity of the cord according to disc level using a 5-point scale: –2 = definitely absent; –1 = probably absent; 0 = equivocally absent or present; 1 = probably present; and 2 = definitely present. The score was transformed into a 3-point certainty scale, which converted to absolute value (0 = equivocal, 1 = probable, 2 = definite lesion). Linear mixed model statistics were used to compare the depiction and certainty scale between 1.5-T and 3-T images. Inter-observer agreement was assessed by using Kendall’s W statistics. Results Inter-observer agreements among the four readers were 0.718 for 1.5-T and 0.784 for 3-T MR images. Diagnostic accuracy of each reader was slightly increased using 3-T and varied regardless of level of reader experience. The certainty of CSM diagnosis was significantly improved using 3-T field strength. Equivocal lesions were significantly decreased in 3-T MRI in all readers. Conclusion Compared with 1.5-T MRI, 3-T imaging increased the certainty of the lesion and decreased the number of equivocal lesions in patients with CSM. Diagnostic accuracy was not affected by levels of reader experience.
Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder: an update for general psychiatrists
Authors: Grigg Jasmin , Manning Victoria , Arunogiri Shalini , Lubman Dan I 
Published: January 2019

Objective: Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder is emerging as a significant clinical issue. This article provides the general psychiatrist with an overview of the physical and psychiatric adverse effects of chronic synthetic cannabinoid use, as well as specific clinical responses. Method: We performed electronic searches of Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid Embase to identify key articles, of all methodological designs, published up to June 2018. Results: The available evidence suggests that, compared to cannabis, use of synthetic cannabinoids is associated with the more rapid development of dependence, increased psychiatric risks and complex withdrawal, and serious physical adverse effects that include seizures, cardiotoxicity and death, denoting a potential need for more intensive management. Conclusion: When synthetic cannabinoid use is identified, along with management of acute physical and psychiatric adverse effects, psychotherapeutic strategies to reduce use and/or harm are recommended.
Infant Feeding Practices In a Diverse Group of Women: The Healthy Start Study
Authors: Kaar Jill Landsbaugh , Sauder Katherine A , Shapiro Allison LB , Starling Anne P , Ringham Brandy M , Johnson Susan L , Dabelea Dana 
Published: January 2019

Background: To describe infant feeding practices among a diverse group of mother-offspring pairs and identify factors associated with adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations. Methods: Data were analyzed from 835 mother-offspring dyads in The Healthy Start Study, an ongoing longitudinal prebirth cohort in Denver, Colorado. Maternal report of infant feeding practices was obtained at 4 to 6 months and 18 to 24 months postnatally. Practices were classified according to the following AAP recommendations: exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months, continued breastfeeding through 12 months, and introduction of solid foods around 6 months of age. Participants who met all 3 recommendations were categorized as “adherent.” All others were categorized as “not adherent.” Results: About 77% of dyads did not adhere fully to the AAP recommendations. Women who worked ⩾35 hours/week or had a higher prepregnancy body mass index were more likely to be nonadherent. Women who were older, college educated, or had offspring with greater weight for gestational age at birth were less likely to be nonadherent. Conclusions: Most of the women in a large contemporary cohort are not adhering to AAP infant feeding recommendations. Our results highlight the specific subgroups of women who may need additional support to optimize infant feeding practices.
Long Term Exposure to Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated with Renal Impairment in an African Cohort of HIV-Infected Adults
Authors: Agbaji Oche O. , Abah Isaac O. , Ebonyi Augustine O. , Gimba Zumnan M. , Abene Esla E. , Gomerep Simji S. , Falang Kakjing D. , Anejo-Okopi Joseph , Agaba Patricia A. , Ugoagwu Placid O. , Agaba Emmanuel I. , Imade Godwin E. , Sagay Atiene S. , Okonkwo Prosper , Idoko John A. , Kanki Phyllis J. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives and Method: There are growing concerns of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)–associated renal toxicity. We evaluated the effect of long-term TDF exposure on renal function in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Nigerians between 2006 and 2015. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of renal impairment at different time over 144 weeks of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Results: Data of 4897 patients, median age 42 years (interquartile range: 36-49), and 61% females were analyzed. The prevalence of renal impairment increased from 10% at week 24 to 45% at 144 weeks in TDF-exposed participants compared to an increase from 8% at 24 weeks to 14% at 144 weeks in TDF-unexposed participants. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate exposure predicted the risk of renal impairment at 144 weeks of ART (odds ratio: 2.36; 95% confidence interval: 1.28-4.34). Conclusion: Long-term exposure to TDF-based ART significantly increases the likelihood of renal impairment. The continued use of TDF-based regimen in our setting should be reviewed. We recommend the urgent introduction of tenofovir alafenamide–based regimen in the HIV treatment guidelines of Nigeria and other resource-limited countries.
Translation and Adaption of Questionnaires: A Nursing Challenge
Authors: Kalfoss Mary 
Published: January 2019

Background Translation of previously developed questionnaires has often been the choice when addressing research to groups whose language is not English. In the translation of health-related questionnaires, it is highly important to assure congruency between the words and their true meaning in the language to which the questionnaire is translated. Aim To describe the semantic problems encountered in translating a standardized questionnaire from English (the Identity and Experiences Scale) to Norwegian according to the World Health Organizations translation protocol. Design A mixed-method study was used with the formation of four focus groups and a postal survey. Data sources Eighteen respondents from a nursing college in Oslo, an aged community in northeast Norway, and a community organization of retired persons in southeast Norway were focus group participants. In sum, 141 persons participated in the postal survey. Findings A number of semantical challenges in relation to interpretation and understanding of the meaning and use of words in the Identity and Experiences Scale were found. Discussion Words bearing emotional weight and connected to complex operational concepts were found to be problematic. Various American-English colloquial expressions also caused semantical challenges. Other problems were related to sentence structure and grammar form. Conclusion Translation, adaptation, and validation of questionnaires or scales for practice and research are very time-consuming and require careful planning and the adoption of rigorous methodological approaches to derive a reliable and valid measure of the concept of interest in the target population. Implications for nursing Translation quality is a methodological issue that nurses need to take seriously. It is highly recommended that nurses follow and document steps in a procedure of forward translation, qualitative reviews of translated items with regard to clarity, common language and conceptual adequacy, back translation, testing on lay panels, and committee review, or a probable variation of this procedure.
О ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКОМ ОПИСАНИИ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ ОСЕТИНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors: Morgoeva Larisa Batrazovna 
Published: January 2019

Цель. В рецензии на словарь, полностью составленный на осетинском языке, подчеркивается особая актуальность, острая необходимость в лексикографических работах различного типа, и потому своевременность его появления. Автор ставит целью дать объективную оценку структуре и содержанию данного словаря, необходимость в которой связана с повышенным вниманием к осетинскому языку в целом, и к семантике языковых единиц в частности.Метод или методология проведения работы. Использованы методы сравнительного и структурного анализа и обобщения.Результаты. Отмечается широкий охват представленных языковых единиц, где нашли отражение все типы фразеологических оборотов, семантика которых раскрывается на обширном иллюстративном материале; прослеживается неразрывная связь многих из них с культурными представлениями осетин, фольклором и традиционной обрядностью, которая, в свою очередь, нуждается в особом представлении и развернутом толковании. Словарь представляет собой свод наиболее употребительных и распространенных устойчивых оборотов речи, который может стать внушительной основой при составлении большого фразеологического словаря осетинского языка с возможным выявлением этимологии фразеоединиц, а также с частичным включением в состав словаря устойчивых конструкций из различных афористических жанров, которые в определенной мере претерпели фразеологизацию или послужили основой для образования собственно фразеологизмов, как в случае с «образными» частями некоторых осетинских речевых формул, свободно используемых в качестве самостоятельных фразеологизированных сочетаний.Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного анализа могут быть учтены при составлении лингвистических словарей, при разработке концепций новых типов лексикографических сборников.
A grounded theory study of the perceptions and meanings associated with gastrostomies among parents of children with palliative needs
Authors: Chocarro Lourdes , González Purificación , Moreno Alicia , Barceló Marta , Martino Ricardo 
Published: January 2019

Background: There is few literature on the difficulties and different meanings of gastrostomy tubes (GST) for parents of children with palliative needs, and what specific palliative care teams contribute to this process. Aim: To explore the process of information in the decision of performing a gastrostomy and the meanings that parents of children with palliative needs build around them. Design: Semi-structured interviews which were transcribed and analysed using Grounded Theory. Setting/participants: Parents and caretakers of children admitted in Paediatric Palliative Care Unit of Madrid Autonomous Community (Spain) whose children bore a gastrostomy device. Results: Two core categories arise (‘Fight’ and ‘The child as a life-meaning generator’). In all the cases, the child supplied the meaning to go on, and the Palliative Care Unit (CPU) helped in the daily care of the child and solving problems derived from the handling of the GT. Conclusions: It is necessary to improve the process of giving bad news and to introduce models of health care that focus on parents and child as the center of palliative care. It is also necessary to develop educational programs that enable continuity of care at home for children with palliative needs.
Calf measurements screening for deep vein thrombosis in acute inpatient cancer rehabilitation
Authors: Ng Amy H , Gupta Ekta , Bianty Josephine , Williams Janet L , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: January 2019

Background/Aims: Cancer patients have a fourfold increase in the frequency of thrombosis and it is a common cause of death. The purpose of this study was to review the impact of calf measurements during initial admission to an inpatient rehabilitation unit to detect deep vein thrombosis. Methods: During inpatient admission to a rehabilitation unit, calf measurement assessments were performed by nursing staff. The nurses were instructed to notify clinicians for an order for a venous Doppler ultrasound if the difference between the two calves was greater than 3 cm. Findings: A total of 374 patients were admitted to the inpatient cancer rehabilitation unit over 12 months. Only six patients (2%) did not have their calves measured, with a 98% compliance of measurement. Only two patients (0.5%) had a difference in calf measurement and clinical exam significant to warrant a venous Doppler ultrasound. Both cases were negative for thrombosis. Venous Doppler ultrasounds were performed in 63 (17%) patients before admission to the rehabilitation unit. During the rehabilitation stay, venous Doppler ultrasounds were performed on 44 (12%) patients, with 10 (3%) patients identified with having deep vein thrombosis. Conclusions: This study suggests that calf measurements at admission to a rehabilitation unit were unable to detect deep vein thrombosis in this cancer population. Venous Doppler ultrasounds were ordered and identified additional patients who had deep vein thrombosis.
Minimum Inter-Event Times for Rainfall in the Eastern Monsoon Region of China
Authors: Wang Wenting , Wang Wenting , Yin Shuiqing , Xie Yun , Nearing Mark A. , Yin Shuiqing , Xie Yun , Nearing Mark A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract.Minimum inter-event time (MIT) is an index used to delineate independent storms from sub-daily rainfall records. An individual storm is defined as a period of rainfall with preceding and succeeding dry periods less than MIT. The exponential method was used to determine an appropriate MITexp for the eastern monsoon region of China based on observed 1-min resolution rainfall data from 18 stations. Results showed that dry periods between storms greater than MITexp followed an exponential distribution. MITexp values varied from 7.6 h to 16.6 h using 1-min precipitation data, which were statistically not different from values using hourly data at p = 0.05. At least ten years of records were necessary to obtain a stable MIT. Values of storm properties are sensitive to the change in MIT values, especially when MIT values are small. Average precipitation depths across all stations were 45% greater, durations were 84% longer, maximum 30-min intensities were 27% greater, and average rainfall intensities were 20% less when using an MIT of 10 h, the average value of MITexp over 18 stations, compared to 2 h. This indicates that more attention should be paid to the use of the MIT index as it relates to storm properties. Keywords: China, Exponential method, Minimum inter-event time, Storm, Storm property.
Moisture Sorption Isotherms and Isosteric Heats of Sorption of High-Pressure Treated Paulownia Wood under Different Storage Conditions
Authors: Jiang Xiuping , Jiang Xiuping , Li Huanhuan , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. , Zhu Songming , Yu Yong , Li Huanhuan , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. , Zhu Songming , Yu Yong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Understanding of moisture sorption isotherms (MSI) is critical for predicting the stability of wood during handling, transport, and storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adsorption and desorption isotherm characteristics of high-pressure (HP) treated paulownia wood and to identify the best-fitting model to describe its sorption behavior. The equilibrium moisture contents (EMCs) of HP-treated paulownia wood were obtained using a static gravimetric method under different storage conditions: three temperatures (20°C, 30°C, and 40°C) and five water activity (aw) levels (0.32 to 0.95). Results showed that HP parameters did not significantly affect the MSI trend of treated groups. Eight modified models (modified Chung-Pfost, modified Henderson, modified Oswin, modified Halsey, Chen-Clayton, Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB), simply modified GAB, and Peleg) were fitted to the experimental data. The Chen-Clayton model (temperature-dependent) produced randomized residuals and the best prediction performance for both adsorption and desorption among all models. Net isosteric heat of adsorption and desorption decreased from 7.55 to 4.84 kJ mol-1 and from 18.1 to 12.2 kJ mol-1, respectively, with an increase in EMC from 7.5% to 10%. The isosteric temperature (Tß) was 352 K for adsorption and 335 K for desorption, between which all the adsorption and desorption reactions proceeded at the same rate. All thermodynamic functions were adequately characterized by a power law model. Keywords: Equilibrium moisture content, High-pressure treatment, Modeling, Moisture sorption isotherm, Paulownia wood, Temperature, Thermodynamic analysis.
Development of an Artificial Neural Network Approach for Predicting Plant Water Status in Almonds
Authors: Meyers Julie N. , Meyers Julie N. , Kisekka Isaya , Upadhyaya Shrinivasa K. , Michelon Gabriela Karoline , Kisekka Isaya , Upadhyaya Shrinivasa K. , Michelon Gabriela Karoline 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Stem water potential (SWP) is a commonly used method for determining plant water status (PWS) but requires a significant amount of time and is tedious to measure. To eliminate the necessity for this fieldwork, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were designed to predict PWS using information that is easier to measure, such as leaf temperature and microclimatic variables including ambient air temperature, relative humidity, incident radiation, and soil water content. To collect these variables, leaf and soil water sensors were placed in a 1.6 ha almond orchard. The sensors were interconnected through a wireless mesh network, which allowed remote data access. SWP values were taken in the field at midday three times a week during the growing season. The ANNs were trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with the data divided into 70% training, 15% validation, and 15% test data. Each network contained one hidden layer with one to three hidden neurons. For each unique combination of inputs, the network was retrained five times, and the best network was selected based on the lowest mean squared error for the test data. When compared with multiple linear regression models fitting the same data, the networks consistently resulted in better R2 values, and higher values may be achieved with further optimization. These results suggest that there is potential for machine learning techniques that use ANNs to model the relationship between environmental conditions and PWS, which may be used for predicting acceptable temperature differences from target SWP. Keywords: Almonds, Artificial neural network, Leaf monitor, Machine learning, Plant water status, Precision irrigation, Stem water potential.