bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a blood marker for plasma volume in endurance athletes during a live‐high train‐low altitude training camp
Authors: Lobigs Louisa M. , Garvican‐Lewis Laura A. , Vuong Victor L. , Tee Nicolin , Gore Christopher J. , Peeling Peter , Dawson Brian , Schumacher Yorck O. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAltitude is a confounding factor within the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) due, in part, to the plasma volume (PV) response to hypoxia. Here, a newly developed PV blood test is applied to assess the possible efficacy of reducing the influence of PV on the volumetric ABP markers; haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) and the OFF‐score. Endurance athletes (n=34) completed a 21‐night simulated live‐high train‐low (LHTL) protocol (14 h.d‐1 at 3000 m). Bloods were collected twice pre‐altitude; at days 3, 8, and 15 at altitude; and 1, 7, 21, and 42 days post‐altitude. A full blood count was performed on the whole blood sample. Serum was analysed for transferrin, albumin, calcium, creatinine, total protein, and low‐density lipoprotein. The PV blood test (consisting of the serum markers, [Hb] and platelets) was applied to the ABP adaptive model and new reference predictions were calculated for [Hb] and the OFF‐score, thereby reducing the PV variance component. The PV correction refined the ABP reference predictions. The number of atypical passport findings (ATPFs) for [Hb] was reduced from 7 of 5 subjects to 6 of 3 subjects. The OFF‐score ATPFs increased with the PV correction (from 9 to 13, 99% specificity); most likely the result of more specific reference limit predictions combined with the altitude‐induced increase in red cell production. Importantly, all abnormal biomarker values were identified by a low confidence value. Although the multifaceted, individual physiological response to altitude confounded some results, the PV model appears capable of reducing the impact of PV fluctuations on [Hb].
Inferring species interactions through joint mark–recapture analysis
Authors: Yackulic Charles B. , Korman Josh , Yard Michael D. , Dzul Maria 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroduced species are frequently implicated in declines of native species. In many cases, however, evidence linking introduced species to native declines is weak. Failure to make strong inferences regarding the role of introduced species can hamper attempts to predict population viability and delay effective management responses. For many species, mark–recapture analysis is the more rigorous form of demographic analysis. However, to our knowledge, there are no mark–recapture models that allow for joint modeling of interacting species. Here, we introduce a two‐species mark–recapture population model in which the vital rates (and capture probabilities) of one species are allowed to vary in response to the abundance of the other species. We use a simulation study to explore bias and choose an approach to model selection. We then use the model to investigate species interactions between endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) and introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River between 2009 and 2016. In particular, we test hypotheses about how two environmental factors (turbidity and temperature), intraspecific density dependence, and rainbow trout abundance are related to survival, growth, and capture of juvenile humpback chub. We also project the long‐term effects of different rainbow trout abundances on adult humpback chub abundances. Our simulation study suggests this approach has minimal bias under potentially challenging circumstances (i.e., low capture probabilities) that characterized our application and that model selection using indicator variables could reliably identify the true generating model even when process error was high. When the model was applied to rainbow trout and humpback chub, we identified negative relationships between rainbow trout abundance and the survival, growth, and capture probability of juvenile humpback chub. Effects on interspecific interactions on survival and capture probability were strongly supported, whereas support for the growth effect was weaker. Environmental factors were also identified to be important and in many cases stronger than interspecific interactions, and there was still substantial unexplained variation in growth and survival rates. The general approach presented here for combining mark–recapture data for two species is applicable in many other systems and could be modified to model abundance of the invader via other modeling approaches.
Pressurized hot water extraction of β‐glucans from Cantharellus tubaeformis
Authors: Rodríguez‐Seoane Paula , González‐Muñoz María Jesús , Falqué Elena , Domínguez Herminia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCantharellus tubaeformis was processed by pressurized hot water extraction (80–240°C) with the aim of maximizing the extraction of oligomeric fractions, β‐glucans, and the in vitro antioxidant properties of the extracts. Increased severity of treatment enhanced the extraction yields above 62% at temperatures of 210ºC or higher, corresponding to the maximum β‐glucan yields. The highest antioxidant capacity was obtained at 170ºC, although the highest content of phenolic compounds was obtained at the highest severity studied. This hydrothermal treatment can be considered a suitable process to obtain extracts with antioxidant properties and rich in β‐glucans.
Excavation of subglacial bedrock channels by seasonal meltwater flow
Authors: Beaud Flavien , Venditti Jeremy G. , Flowers Gwenn E. , Koppes Michele 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSubglacial water flow drives the excavation of a variety of bedrock channels including tunnel valleys and inner gorges. Subglacial floods of various magnitudes – events occurring once per year or less frequently with discharges larger than a few hundred cubic metres per second – are often invoked to explain the erosive power of subglacial water flow. In this study we examine whether subglacial floods are necessary to carve bedrock channels, or if more frequent melt season events (e.g. daily production of meltwater) can explain the formation of substantial bedrock channels over a glacial cycle. We use a one‐dimensional numerical model of bedrock erosion by subglacial meltwater, where water flows through interacting distributed and channelized drainage systems. The shear stresses produced drive bedrock erosion by bed‐ and suspended‐load abrasion. We show that seasonal meltwater discharge can incise an incipient bedrock channel a few tens of centimetres deep and several metres wide, assuming abrasion is the only mechanism of erosion, a particle size of D=256 mm and a prescribed sediment supply per unit width. Using the same sediment characteristics, flood flows yield wider but significantly shallower bedrock channels than seasonal meltwater flows. Furthermore, the smaller the shear stresses produced by a flood, the deeper the bedrock channel. Shear stresses produced by seasonal meltwater are sufficient to readily transport boulders as bedload. Larger flows produce greater shear stresses and the sediment is carried in suspension, which produces fewer contacts with the bed and less erosion. We demonstrate that seasonal meltwater discharge can excavate bedrock volumes commensurate with channels several tens of metres to a few hundred metres wide and several tens of metres deep over several thousand years. Such simulated channels are commensurate with published observations of tunnel valleys and inner gorges. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of Stable Silver Nanoparticles Having Wide Red‐To‐Near‐Infrared Extinction
Authors: Kawamura Shiori , Matsubara Kazuki , Sakai Sotaro , Sasaki Kazuhisa , Saito Masataro , Saito Kenji , Yagi Masayuki , Norimatsu Wataru , Sasai Ryo , Kusunoki Michiko , Eguchi Miharu , Yin Shu , Asakura Yusuke , Yui Tatsuto 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) within the interlayer space of transparent layered titania nanosheet (TNS) films is investigated. A considerable number of silver ions (≈70% against the cation exchange capacity of the TNS) are intercalated in the TNS films using methyl‐viologen‐containing TNSs as a precursor. The silver ion (Ag+)‐containing TNS films are treated with aqueous sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH4), resulting in a gradual color change to bright blue. Various structural analyses clearly show that crystalline AgNPs are generated within the interlayer space of the TNSs. The NaBH4‐treated films show intense and characteristic near‐infrared (NIR) extinction spectra up to 1800 nm. The stability of the AgNPs within the TNS against oxygen and moisture is also investigated, and 96% and 82% of the AgNPs remain after standing in air for 1 month and 1 year, respectively. The NIR extinctions of the AgNP‐containing TNS films are further extended by employing different preparation procedures, for example, using sintered TNS films as starting materials and irradiating the Ag+‐containing TNSs with ultraviolet (UV) light. The obtained AgNP‐containing TNS films exhibit photochemical activities in the production of hydrogen from ammonia borane under visible‐light irradiation and the decomposition of nitrogen monoxide under UV‐light irradiation.
Genetic and environmental (physical fitness and sedentary activity) interaction effects on cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican American children and adolescents
Authors: Arya Rector , Farook Vidya S. , Fowler Sharon P. , Puppala Sobha , Chittoor Geetha , Resendez Roy G. , Mummidi Srinivas , Vanamala Jairam , Almasy Laura , Curran Joanne E. , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Lehman Donna M. , Jenkinson Christopher P. , Lynch Jane L. , DeFronzo Ralph A. , Blangero John , Hale Daniel E. , Duggirala Ravindranath , Diego Vincent P. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTKnowledge on genetic and environmental (G × E) interaction effects on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in children is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of G × E interaction effects on CMRFs in Mexican American (MA) children (n = 617, ages 6–17 years). The environments examined were sedentary activity (SA), assessed by recalls from “yesterday” (SAy) and “usually” (SAu) and physical fitness (PF) assessed by Harvard PF scores (HPFS). CMRF data included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fasting insulin (FI), homeostasis model of assessment—insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), triglycerides (TG), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and number of metabolic syndrome components (MSC). We examined potential G × E interaction in the phenotypic expression of CMRFs using variance component models and likelihood‐based statistical inference. Significant G × SA interactions were identified for six CMRFs: BMI, WC, FI, HOMA‐IR, MSC, and HDL, and significant G × HPFS interactions were observed for four CMRFs: BMI, WC, FM, and HOMA‐IR. However, after correcting for multiple hypothesis testing, only WC × SAy, FM × SAy, and FI × SAu interactions became marginally significant. After correcting for multiple testing, most of CMRFs exhibited significant G × E interactions (Reduced G × E model vs. Constrained model). These findings provide evidence that genetic factors interact with SA and PF to influence variation in CMRFs, and underscore the need for better understanding of these relationships to develop strategies and interventions to effectively reduce or prevent cardiometabolic risk in children.
Powerful and robust cross‐phenotype association test for case‐parent trios
Authors: Fischer S. Taylor , Jiang Yunxuan , Broadaway K. Alaine , Conneely Karen N. , Epstein Michael P. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThere has been increasing interest in identifying genes within the human genome that influence multiple diverse phenotypes. In the presence of pleiotropy, joint testing of these phenotypes is not only biologically meaningful but also statistically more powerful than univariate analysis of each separate phenotype accounting for multiple testing. Although many cross‐phenotype association tests exist, the majority of such methods assume samples composed of unrelated subjects and therefore are not applicable to family‐based designs, including the valuable case‐parent trio design. In this paper, we describe a robust gene‐based association test of multiple phenotypes collected in a case‐parent trio study. Our method is based on the kernel distance covariance (KDC) method, where we first construct a similarity matrix for multiple phenotypes and a similarity matrix for genetic variants in a gene; we then test the dependency between the two similarity matrices. The method is applicable to either common variants or rare variants in a gene, and resulting tests from the method are by design robust to confounding due to population stratification. We evaluated our method through simulation studies and observed that the method is substantially more powerful than standard univariate testing of each separate phenotype. We also applied our method to phenotypic and genotypic data collected in case‐parent trios as part of the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) study and identified a genome‐wide significant gene demonstrating cross‐phenotype effects that was not identified using standard univariate approaches.
Innovation in and from India: The who, where, what, and when
Authors: Krishnan Rishikesha T. , Prashantham Shameen 
Published: February 2018

Research Summary: Most Indian organizations operate within the technological frontier and focus on lowering costs, sometimes through frugal innovation orjugaad, to meet the constrained affordability of Indian consumers. Process and organizational innovations abound more than product or supply chain management innovations. Foreign multinationals, the major contributor of patents in India, appear to be uninhibited by the current state of the IP protection regime, although this has deficiencies in enforcement. A new noteworthy trend is the rise of start‐ups that hold promise as a source of product and business model innovations. Our analysis of the (limited) extant literature indicates a general dearth of empirical research on this topic relative to work on China; as such, there is scope for further research.Managerial Summary: This article offers a perspective on innovation in India by both Indian and foreign companies. Using an inward‐outward lens, we conclude that while many Indian organizations have been the source of myriad process and incremental—as well as frugal—innovations that have cumulatively created value for companies and consumers, much of this has happened within the technological frontier and has been focused on lowering costs to meet the constrained affordability of Indian consumers (inward lens). At the same time, foreign multinationals have played an important role in initiating patent‐creating R&D activity, mostly for global products (outward lens). Spillovers from these entities have, in part, fueled the emergent rise of start‐ups, many of which are pursuing product innovation and, in some instances, frugal innovation.
Preoperative imaging for parathyroid localization in patients with concurrent thyroid disease: A systematic review
Authors: Frank Ethan , Ale‐Salvo Daniela , Park Joshua , Liu Yuan , Simental Alfred , Inman Jared C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThyroid disease occurs more frequently in patients with hyperparathyroidism than the general population and hinders parathyroid localization. Identifying thyroid pathology before operating improves management and avoids the risks of reoperation in the neck. This review assesses imaging studies in patients with hyperparathyroidism and thyroid pathology to identify the ideal imaging methodology for patients with multigland disease.MethodsSystematic review of original articles reporting sensitivity or positive predictive value (PPV) for one or more imaging modalities in patients with hyperparathyroidism and thyroid disease.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies, 13 prospective and 15 retrospective, met inclusion criteria. Nine modalities were evaluated, including: cervical ultrasound (n = 18), dual‐phase 99mTc‐sestamibi (n = 14), subtraction scintigraphy (n = 11), combined ultrasound and scintigraphy (n = 8), single photon emission CT (SPECT; n = 5), SPECT‐CT (n = 4), contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (n = 1), CT (n = 1), and MRI (n = 1).ConclusionCombined ultrasound and scintigraphy is the most sensitive study to localize parathyroid adenomas in patients with hyperparathyroidism and thyroid disease, followed by hybrid SPECT‐CT and SPECT.
The factor structure of the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire: A comparison of four models using confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Njardvik Urdur , Klar Elin Kristin , Thorsdottir Fanney 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsThe Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) consists of 8 subscales measuring different aspects of eating behavior and is a widely used instrument in pediatric settings, both in relation to eating disorders and overweight/obesity. However, despite its widespread usage, research results have, to this date, been inconsistent in regard to the factor structure of the CEBQ, with several factorial models suggested. The purpose of this study was to systematically compare the 4 factor structures commonly reported in the literature on the 35‐item CEBQ, using confirmatory factor analysis in the same sample.Methods and resultsIn total, parents of 560 children aged 5 to 12 years old completed the CEBQ; 70 questionnaires were incomplete, resulting in a final sample of 490. Confirmatory factor analyses tested the 4 competing models: a 6‐factor model, 2 seven‐factor models, and an 8‐factor model. The 8‐factor model provided an acceptable fit to the data and turned out to be the best fitting model. Correlation coefficients between the 8 factors never exceeded r = .77, supporting the construct uniqueness of the 8 subscales. Results also indicated that the CEBQ subscales have good factorial validity and internal reliability (α ≥ .75).ConclusionIn summary, this study of Icelandic children supports the appropriateness of using the CEBQ as a measure of 8 distinct dimensions of eating behavior style in school‐aged children.
Isotope mixing models require individual isotopic tracer content for correct quantification of sediment source contributions
Authors: Upadhayay Hari Ram , Bodé Samuel , Griepentrog Marco , Bajracharya Roshan Man , Blake William , Cornelis Wim , Boeckx Pascal 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe use of isotopic tracers for sediment source apportionment is gaining interest with recent introduction of compound‐specific stable isotope tracers. The method relies on linear mixing of source isotopic tracers, and deconvolution of a sediment mixture initially quantifies the contribution of sources to the mixture's tracer signature. Therefore, a correction to obtain real sediment source proportions is subsequently required. As far as we are aware, all published studies to date have used total isotopic tracer content or a proxy (e.g., soil carbon content) for this post‐unmixing correction. However, as the relationship between the isotopic tracer mixture and the source mixture is different for each isotopic tracer, post‐unmixing corrections cannot be carried out with one single factor.This contribution presents an isotopic tracer model structure—the concentration‐dependent isotope mixing model (CD‐IMM)—to overcome this limitation. Herein, we aim to clarify why the “conventional” approach to converting isotopic tracer proportions to source proportions using a single factor is wrong. In an initial mathematical assessment, error incurred by not using CD‐IMM (NCD‐IMM) in unmixing two sources with two isotopic tracers showed a complex relation as a function of relative tracer contents. Next, three artificial mixtures with different proportions of three soil sources were prepared and deconvoluted using 13C of fatty acids using CD‐IMM and NCD‐IMM. Using NCD‐IMM affected both accuracy (mean average error increased up to a threefold compared with the CD‐IMM output) and precision (interquartile range was up to 2.5 times larger). Finally, as an illustrative example, the proportional source contribution reported in a published study was recalculated using CD‐IMM. This resulted in changes in estimated source proportions and associated uncertainties.Content of isotopic tracers is seldom reported in published work concerning use of isotopic tracers for sediment source partitioning. The magnitude of errors made by miscalculation in former studies is therefore difficult to assess. With this contribution, we hope the community will acknowledge the limitations of prior approaches and use a CD‐IMM in future studies.
Extracting drainage networks and their connectivity using LiDAR data
Authors: Roelens Jennifer , Rosier Ine , Dondeyne Stefaan , Van Orshoven Jos , Diels Jan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPolicies, measures, and models geared towards flood prevention and managing surface waters benefit from high quality data on the presence and characteristics of drainage ditches. As a cost and labour effective alternative for acquiring such data through field surveys, we propose a method (a) to extract vector data representing ditch drainage networks based on local morphologic features derived from high resolution digital elevation models (DEM) and (b) to identify possible connections in the ditch network by calculating a probability of the connectivity using a logistic regression where the predictor variables are characteristics of the ditch centre lines or derived from the DEM.Using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) derived DEMs with a 1 m resolution, the method was developed and tested for a mixed agricultural residential area in north‐eastern Belgium. The derived ditch segments had an error of omission of 8% and an error of commission of 5%. The original positional accuracy of the centre lines of the extracted ditches was 0.6 m and could be improved to 0.4 m by shifting each vertex to the position of the lowest LiDAR point located within a radius equal to the spatial resolution of the used DEM. About 69% of the false disconnections in the network were identified and corrected leading to a reduction of the unconnected parts of the ditch network by 71%. The extracted and connected network approximated the reference ditch network fairly well.