bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of lncRNA PIK3CD-AS1 promotes expression of LATS1 by competitive binding with microRNA-566 to inhibit the growth, invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Song Wei , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Jianbo , Sun Miaomiao , Xia Qingxin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
This study is conducted to investigate the effect of lncRNA PIK3CD-AS1 on the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its potential mechanism.

Methods
Hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues together with HCC cells and normal liver cells were obtained for detecting expression of PIK3CD-AS1, microRNA-566 (miR-566) and LATS1. Additionally, a series of experiments were performed to determine cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of HCC cells. The xenograft tumor model of HCC was established and the growth rate and weight of xenograft tumor in nude mice were compared. Furthermore, the binding site between PIK3CD-AS1 and miR-566 as well as between miR-566 and LATS1 were verified.

Results
LncRNA PIK3CD-AS1 was downregulated in HCC tissues and cells, and mainly located in cytoplasm. Overexpression of PIK3CD-AS1 inhibited proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell cycle progression and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells. Overexpression of PIK3CD-AS1 decreased the growth rate and weight of xenograft tumor in nude mice PIK3CD-AS1 competitively combined with miR-566 to regulate expression of LAST1.

Conclusion
Collectively, our study suggests that the expression of PIK3CD-AS1 was down-regulated in HCC, and overexpression of PIK3CD-AS1 promoted the expression of LATS1 by competitive binding of miR-566 to inhibit the growth, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells.
A review on commercial-scale high-value products that can be produced alongside cellulosic ethanol
Authors: Rosales-Calderon Oscar , Arantes Valdeir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe demand for fossil derivate fuels and chemicals has increased, augmenting concerns on climate change, global economic stability, and sustainability on fossil resources. Therefore, the production of fuels and chemicals from alternative and renewable resources has attracted considerable and growing attention. Ethanol is a promising biofuel that can reduce the consumption of gasoline in the transportation sector and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock to produce bioethanol (cellulosic ethanol) because of its abundance and low cost. Since the conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol is complex and expensive, the cellulosic ethanol price cannot compete with those of the fossil derivate fuels. A promising strategy to lower the production cost of cellulosic ethanol is developing a biorefinery which produces ethanol and other high-value chemicals from lignocellulose. The selection of such chemicals is difficult because there are hundreds of products that can be produced from lignocellulose. Multiple reviews and reports have described a small group of lignocellulose derivate compounds that have the potential to be commercialized. Some of these products are in the bench scale and require extensive research and time before they can be industrially produced. This review examines chemicals and materials with a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of at least 8, which have reached a commercial scale and could be shortly or immediately integrated into a cellulosic ethanol process.
Simultaneous lipid biosynthesis and recovery for oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Pawar Pratik Prashant , Odaneth Annamma Anil , Vadgama Rajeshkumar Natwarlal , Lali Arvind Mallinath 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent trends in bioprocessing have underlined the significance of lignocellulosic biomass conversions for biofuel production. These conversions demand at least 90% energy upgradation of cellulosic sugars to generate renewable drop-in biofuel precursors (Heff/C ~ 2). Chemical methods fail to achieve this without substantial loss of carbon; whereas, oleaginous biological systems propose a greener upgradation route by producing oil from sugars with 30% theoretical yields. However, these oleaginous systems cannot compete with the commercial volumes of vegetable oils in terms of overall oil yields and productivities. One of the significant challenges in the commercial exploitation of these microbial oils lies in the inefficient recovery of the produced oil. This issue has been addressed using highly selective oil capturing agents (OCA), which allow a concomitant microbial oil production and in situ oil recovery process.ResultsAdsorbent-based oil capturing agents were employed for simultaneous in situ oil recovery in the fermentative production broths.Yarrowia lipolytica, a model oleaginous yeast, was milked incessantly for oil production over 380 h in a media comprising of glucose as a sole carbon and nutrient source. This was achieved by continuous online capture of extracellular oil from the aqueous media and also the cell surface, by fluidizing the fermentation broth over an adsorbent bed of oil capturing agents (OCA). A consistent oil yield of 0.33 g per g of glucose consumed, corresponding to theoretical oil yield over glucose, was achieved using this approach. While the incorporation of the OCA increased the oil content up to 89% with complete substrate consumptions, it also caused an overall process integration.ConclusionThe nondisruptive oil capture mediated by an OCA helped in accomplishing a trade-off between microbial oil production and its recovery. This strategy helped in realizing theoretically efficient sugar-to-oil bioconversions in a continuous production process. The process, therefore, endorses a sustainable production of molecular drop-in equivalents through oleaginous yeasts, representing as an absolute microbial oil factory.
The liquid fraction from hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw provides lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases with both electrons and H2O2 co-substrate
Authors: Kont Riin , Pihlajaniemi Ville , Borisova Anna S. , Aro Nina , Marjamaa Kaisa , Loogen Judith , Büchs Jochen , Eijsink Vincent G. H. , Kruus Kristiina , Väljamäe Priit 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnzyme-aided valorization of lignocellulose represents a green and sustainable alternative to the traditional chemical industry. The recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are important components of the state-of-the art enzyme cocktails for cellulose conversion. Yet, these monocopper enzymes are poorly characterized in terms of their kinetics, as exemplified by the growing evidence for that H2O2may be a more efficient co-substrate for LPMOs than O2. LPMOs need external electron donors and one key question of relevance for bioprocess development is whether the required reducing power may be provided by the lignocellulosic substrate.ResultsHere, we show that the liquid fraction (LF) resulting from hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw supports LPMO activity on both chitin and cellulose. The initial, transient activity burst of the LPMO reaction was caused by the H2O2present in the LF before addition of LPMO, while the steady-state rate of LPMO reaction was limited by the LPMO-independent production of H2O2in the LF. H2O2is an intermediate of LF oxidation as evidenced by a slow H2O2accumulation in LF, despite high H2O2production rates. This H2O2scavenging ability of LF is important since high concentrations of H2O2may lead to irreversible inactivation of LPMOs.ConclusionsOur results support the growing understanding that fine-tuned control over the rates of H2O2production and consumption in different, enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions is essential for harnessing the full catalytic potential of LPMOs in lignocellulose valorization.
Optimal integration of microalgae production with photovoltaic panels: environmental impacts and energy balance
Authors: Morales Marjorie , Hélias Arnaud , Bernard Olivier 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Microalgae are 10 to 20 times more productive than the current agricultural biodiesel producing oleaginous crops. However, they require larger energy supplies, so that their environmental impacts remain uncertain, as illustrated by the contradictory results in the literature. Besides, solar radiation is often too high relative to the photosynthetic capacity of microalgae. This leads to photosaturation, photoinhibition, overheating and eventually induces mortality. Shadowing microalgae with solar panels would, therefore, be a promising solution for both increasing productivity during hotter periods and producing local electricity for the process. The main objective of this study is to measure, via LCA framework, the energy performance and environmental impact of microalgae biodiesel produced in a solar greenhouse, alternating optimal microalgae species and photovoltaic panel (PV) coverage. A mathematical model is simulated to investigate the microalgae productivity in raceways under meteorological conditions in Sophia Antipolis (south of France) at variable coverture percentages (0% to 90%) of CIGS solar panels on greenhouses constructed with low-emissivity (low-E) glass.

Results
A trade-off must be met between electricity and biomass production, as a larger photovoltaic coverture would limit microalgae production. From an energetic point of view, the optimal configuration lies between 10 and 20% of PV coverage. Nevertheless, from an environmental point of view, the best option is 50% PV coverage. However, the difference between impact assessments obtained for 20% and 50% PV is negligible, while the NER is 48% higher for 20% PV than for 50% PV coverage. Hence, a 20% coverture of photovoltaic panels is the best scenario from an energetic and environmental point of view.

Conclusions
In comparison with the cultivation of microalgae without PV, the use of photovoltaic panels triggers a synergetic effect, sourcing local electricity and reducing climate change impacts. Considering an economic approach, low photovoltaic panel coverage would probably be more attractive. However, even with a 10% area of photovoltaic panels, the environmental footprint would already significantly decrease. It is expected that significant improvements in microalgae productivity or more advanced production processes should rapidly enhance these performances.
DNA methylation modifier LSH inhibits p53 ubiquitination and transactivates p53 to promote lipid metabolism
Authors: Chen Ling , Shi Ying , Liu Na , Wang Zuli , Yang Rui , Yan Bin , Liu Xiaoli , Lai Weiwei , Liu Yating , Xiao Desheng , Zhou Hu , Cheng Yan , Cao Ya , Liu Shuang , Xia Zanxian , Tao Yongguang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe stability of p53 is mainly controlled by ubiquitin-dependent degradation, which is triggered by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. The chromatin modifier lymphoid-specific helicase (LSH) is essential for DNA methylation and cancer progression as a transcriptional repressor. The potential interplay between chromatin modifiers and transcription factors remains largely unknown.ResultsHere, we present data suggesting that LSH regulates p53in cisthrough two pathways: prevention proteasomal degradation through its deubiquitination, which is achieved by reducing the lysine 11-linked, lysine 48-linked polyubiquitin chains (K11 and K48) on p53; and revival of the transcriptional activity of p53 by forming a complex with PKM2 (pyruvate kinase 2). Furthermore, we confirmed that the LSH–PKM2 interaction occurred at the intersubunit interface region of the PKM2 C-terminal region and the coiled-coil domains (CC) and ATP-binding domains of LSH, and this interaction regulated p53-mediated transactivationin cisin lipid metabolism, especially lipid catabolism.ConclusionThese findings suggest that LSH is a novel regulator of p53 through the proteasomal pathway, thereby providing an alternative mechanism of p53 involvement in lipid metabolism in cancer.
Genome-wide allele-specific methylation is enriched at gene regulatory regions in a multi-generation pedigree from the Norfolk Island isolate
Authors: Benton Miles C. , Lea Rodney A. , Macartney-Coxson Donia , Sutherland Heidi G. , White Nicole , Kennedy Daniel , Mengersen Kerry , Haupt Larisa M. , Griffiths Lyn R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAllele-specific methylation (ASM) occurs when DNA methylation patterns exhibit asymmetry among alleles. ASM occurs at imprinted loci, but its presence elsewhere across the human genome is indicative of wider importance in terms of gene regulation and disease risk. Here, we studied ASM by focusing on blood-based DNA collected from 24 subjects comprising a 3-generation pedigree from the Norfolk Island genetic isolate. We applied a genome-wide bisulphite sequencing approach with a genotype-independent ASM calling method to map ASM across the genome. Regions of ASM were then tested for enrichment at gene regulatory regions using Genomic Association Test (GAT) tool.ResultsIn total, we identified 1.12 M CpGs of which 147,170 (13%) exhibited ASM (P ≤ 0.05). When including contiguous ASM signal spanning ≥ 2 CpGs, this condensed to 12,761 ASM regions (AMRs). These AMRs tagged 79% of known imprinting regions and most (98.1%) co-localised with known single nucleotide variants. Notably, miRNA and lncRNA showed a 3.3- and 1.8-fold enrichment of AMRs, respectively (P < 0.005). Also, the 5′ UTR and start codons each showed a 3.5-fold enrichment of AMRs (P < 0.005). There was also enrichment of AMRs observed at subtelomeric regions of many chromosomes. Five out of 11 large AMRs localised to the protocadherin cluster on chromosome 5.ConclusionsThis study shows ASM extends far beyond genomic imprinting in humans and that gene regulatory regions are hotspots for ASM. Future studies of ASM in pedigrees should help to clarify transgenerational inheritance patterns in relation to genotype and disease phenotypes.
Strategic spatial analysis of urban greenbelt plans in Mashhad city, Iran
Authors: Kardani-Yazd Neda , Kardani-Yazd Nadia , Mansouri Daneshvar Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGreenbelt, known as the most restrictive form of urban containment policy, is a geographical boundary around a city or urban region to prevent urban sprawl. In the present study, the urban greenbelt plans were investigated with spatial, temporal, and statistical attitudes in Mashhad city, Iran. Spatial and temporal data analyses were carried out in ENVI, and GIS programs based on satellite imageries in addition to the expert analyzes of SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) and QSPM (quantitative strategic planning matrix) matrixes to achieve the key strategies concerning the revitalization of a new greenbelt plan.ResultsFour temporal sequences of Landsat imageries were extracted for 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018 to classify the expansion of real estates and urban sprawl. The results showed that the legal greenbelt plan failed after 10 years because the status of greenbelt in 2018 revealed nearly of occupation by sprawl expansion over than 20%. Then a new greenbelt plan was proposed around the city. Based on the lowest value of the environmental change index (ΔYi), with an average of 0.14, the proposed greenbelt plan will demonstrate an optimum efficiency in the future time intervals (2030–2050).ConclusionsTherefore, expert analyzes of SWOT and QSPM matrixes were shown that the essential weakness of greenbelt planning in the Mashhad city depends on the lack of a legal mechanism to conserve the greenbelt boundaries. Therefore, the total sum score of external factor’s matrix with the value of 2.65 demonstrated that the opportunities for greenbelt planning in the study area are more effective than threats in the study area. Ultimately, six key strategies in greenbelt planning were presented to achieve a general equilibrium through future urban development.
Optimization of selective laser-induced etching (SLE) for fabrication of 3D glass microfluidic device with multi-layer micro channels
Authors: Kim Sungil , Kim Jeongtae , Joung Yeun-Ho , Ahn Sanghoon , Choi Jiyeon , Koo Chiwan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present the selective laser-induced etching (SLE) process and design guidelines for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic channels in a glass. The SLE process consisting of laser direct patterning and wet chemical etching uses different etch rates between the laser modified area and the unmodified area. The etch selectivity is an important factor for the processing speed and the fabrication resolution of the 3D structures. In order to obtain the maximum etching selectivity, we investigated the process window of the SLE process: the laser pulse energy, pulse repetition rate, and scan speed. When using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a wet etchant, the maximum etch rate of the laser-modified glass was obtained to be 166 μm/h, exhibiting the highest selectivity about 333 respect to the pristine glass. Based on the optimized process window, a 3D microfluidic channel branching to three multilayered channels was successfully fabricated in a 4 mm-thick glass. In addition, appropriate design guidelines for preventing cracks in a glass and calibrating the position of the dimension of the hollow channels were studied.
Frequency and antibiogram of multi-drug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Farooq Lubna , Memon Zahida , Ismail Muhammad Owais , Sadiq Sara 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine pathogen burden and susceptibility pattern of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens in Karachi.
Methods: It was In-vitro Clinical study, conducted in department of Pharmacology, Ziauddin University, and isolates were collected from various specimens such as pus, tracheal aspiration, wound swab, blood and urine in Microbiology department of Ziauddin Hospital, Nazimabad campus, Karachi. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method. Samples were processed as per procedures defined by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2018.
Results: About 55% were found to be multi drug resistant P. aeruginosa. Majority of the isolates (35.4%) were recovered from the age range 60-80 years. Maximum number of MDR P. aeruginosa was isolated from pus (33.1%) followed by tracheal aspiration (20.6%). Highest sensitivity was seen by colistin (100%) followed by ceftolozane/tazobactam (60%). Least sensitivity was observed with imipenem (19%). However, increase trend of resistance was seen among all antipesudomonal drugs.
Conclusion: Increasing frequency of infections due to MDR P. aeruginosa is an emerging threat in our set up which can be prevented by prescribing antibiotics judiciously. Consistent lab detection and surveillance regarding this resistant pathogen is compulsory for providing effective health care to community.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.930
How to cite this:Farooq L, Memon Z, Ismail MO, Sadiq S. Frequency and antibiogram of multi-drug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1622-1626. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.930
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Neuronal subset-specific Pten-deficient mice do not exhibit deficits in sensorimotor gating processes
Authors: Binder Matthew S. , Nolan Suzanne O. , Lugo Joaquin N. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Deficits in sensorimotor gating have been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as in ASD murine models. However, this behavior has been rarely examined in the neuronal subset-specific (NS)-Pten knockout (KO) model of ASD. NS-Pten KO mice exhibit hyperactivity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway which is implicated in the onset of autistic deficits. This study investigates the potential relationship between PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and deficits in sensorimotor gating. Methods: To assess sensorimotor gating in NS-Pten KO mice we utilized a three-day paradigm. On day 1 (habituation) the mice were administered 80 repetitions of a 120-dB startle stimulus. On day 2, prepulse inhibition was measured with 90 trials of the startle stimulus that was paired with a smaller (70, 75, or 80 dB) prepulse stimulus. Day 3 was assessed one week later, consisting of randomized startle trials and trials with no stimulus and was used to determine the startle threshold. Results: No significant difference between NS-Pten KO or wildtype (WT) mice was found for habituation (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups when assessing the percentage of prepulse inhibition at 70, 75, and 80 dB (p > 0.05). There was also no difference in startle threshold between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study found that the NS-Pten KO model does not display significant deficits in sensorimotor gating processes. The present findings help to elucidate the relationship between PI3K/AKT/mTOR hyperactivation and sensory reactivity.
Faktor Risiko Eksternal terhadap Keterlambatan Motorik Kasar pada Anak Usia 6-24 Bulan: Studi Kasus-Kontrol
Authors: Kurniawan Kristian , Mangunatmadja Irawan 
Published: October 2019

Latar belakang. Keterlambatan perkembangan merupakan kondisi ketidakmampuan anak mencapai milestone perkembangan seusianya. Perkembangan motorik kasar dapat memprediksi tingkat maturasi sistem saraf pusat fungsional sehingga keterlambatan pada domain ini akan berdampak pada keterlambatan penguasaan domain perkembangan lainnya. Tujuan. Mengidentifikasi faktor risiko eksternal terhadap keterlambatan motorik kasar pada anak 6-24 bulan.Metode. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kasus-kontrol pada populasi anak usia 6-24 bulan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Kiara, Jakarta Pusat dan Klinik Anakku, Jakarta Selatan.Hasil. Diperoleh subjek sebesar 128 anak, dengan perbandingan kasus-kontrol 1:1 pada kelompok rentang usia yang sesuai. Dari hasil analisis pearson kai-kuardat diperoleh 2 faktor signifikan terhadap keterlambatan motorik kasar, yakni: status gizi kurang/buruk (p<0,001; OR=6,576; IK 95%=2,705-13,986) dan tidak diberikannya ASI eksklusif (p=0,032; OR=2,180; IK95%=1,065-4,460).Di sisi lain, faktor urutan anak, usia ibu saat kehamilan, dan cara kelahiran menunjukkan hasil tidak bermakna terhadap keterlambatan motorik kasar. Kemudian, dari analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik biner, menunjukkan bahwa status gizi kurang/buruk merupakan faktor paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian keterlambatan motorik kasar pada anak (p<0,001; OR=6,159; IK 95%=2,512-15,099). Kesimpulan. Status gizi kurang/buruk merupakan faktor prediktor keterlambatan motorik kasar yang paling berpengaruh.