bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass‐Derived N, O, and S‐Tridoped Hierarchically Porous Carbon as a Cathode for Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chabu Johnny Muya , Li Yajuan , Liu You‐Nian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRestraining soluble polysulfides from diffusing out of the cathode is fundamental to the development of high‐performance lithium−sulfur batteries. The porous architecture and unique physicochemical characteristics of biomass‐derived carbon materials makes it possible to improve the battery performance. Here, two types of porous carbon composites (NOSPC‐1 and NOSPC‐2) with in situ N, S and O tri‐doping are obtained from yam via chemical activation. Structural analysis reveals that NOSPC‐1 presents a highly graphitized interconnected micro‐/mesoporous architecture. As a sulfur host, NOSPC‐1‐800 with 70% sulfur initiates a high reversible discharge capacity of 1556 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C. The cathode further exhibits superior rate performance and long cycle life with 401.2 mAh g−1 reversible capacity and more than 95% coulombic efficiency after 450 cycles at 1 C. Our findings provide meaningful insights toward exploring novel biomass‐derived carbon materials for advanced Li−S batteries.
Influence of an Ammonium Tag on the Switching Dynamics of Azobenzenes in Polar Solvents
Authors: Strauss Marcel A. , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHerein, we present a comprehensive study of the photophysical properties of an ammonium‐tagged azobenzene in comparison to the unsubstituted compound in different solvents. It was shown that the thermal Z→E isomerization rate is decreased for the ammonium‐tagged azobenzene. Additionally, the rate is higher with increased permittivity of the solvent. The results have been supported by DFT computations.
In Vitro Monocyte/Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay for the Prediction of Drug‐Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Narayanan Padma Kumar , Li Nianyu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhagocytosis of platelets by monocytes and macrophages is a primary mechanism of platelet clearance in vivo and has been increasingly implicated in playing an important role in thrombocytopenia mediated by monoclonal antibodies intended for therapeutic purposes. In the present article, we describe an in vitro flow cytometry assay to assess the effect of antibody‐mediated platelet phagocytosis by monocytes. Freshly isolated platelets were labeled with a fluorescent probe, 5‐chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) and then co‐cultured with isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the same donor in the presence of increasing concentrations of a monoclonal antibody drug. After incubation, an increase in CMFDA fluorescence intensity of CD14 positive monocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry as an assessment for drug‐mediated platelet phagocytosis by monocytes. The assay has been evaluated using both human and cynomolgus monkey cells for the prediction of drug‐induced thrombocytopenia. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Series‐type charger with output voltage automatically regulated and hot swap
Authors: Hwu Kuo‐Ing , Liu Hsiu‐Pang 
Published: January 2019

SummarySince the traditional series‐type charger has no function of hot swap, a new series‐type charger with hot swap is presented herein. In this study, hot‐swap battery and stopping charging battery are achieved by floating voltage detection and battery bypass detection. Furthermore, by means of controlling the voltage across the collector of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and the ground, the output voltage of the DC–DC converter can be automatically adjusted. Accordingly, the BJT can always work under the active region with a designed constant voltage across it for any number of batteries in the steady state, reducing undesired conduction loss. Also, one constant current control circuit is utilized, which is connected in series with the voltage and bypass detectors. Above all, unlike the traditional series‐type charger with the active equalizer, there is no energy transferred among batteries in the proposed charger. Finally, the proposed series‐type charger with four battery channels is designed and applied to charging 18650 Li‐ion batteries. Via some experimental results, the effectiveness of the proposed charger can be verified.
Transient Improvement of Cerebellar Oligodendroglial Development in a Neonatal Hyperoxia Model by PDGFA Treatment
Authors: Scheuer Till , Klein Luisa Sophie , Bührer Christoph , Endesfelder Stefanie , Schmitz Thomas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn preterm infants, the changes from fetal life to ex‐utero conditions often coincide with reduced growth and white matter damage of the cerebellum. The premature increase in arterial oxygen tension caused by preterm birth may dysregulate cerebellar development. In a hyperoxia rat model of white matter damage to mimic a steep increase in oxygen levels by 24 h exposure to 80% O2 from postnatal day 6 (P6) to day 7, we analyzed growth factor (GF) synthesis of cerebellar astrocytes. Determination of GF production was performed in astrocytes after Magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) isolation from cerebelli after hyperoxia exposure ex vivo, and also in astroglial cultures. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) function was analyzed in cerebellar OPCs isolated by MACS after hyperoxia. Administration of PDGFA from P6 to P11, during hyperoxia and during 4 days recovery, was finally tested for protection of oligodendroglia and myelination. As a result, expression of the GFs Pdgfa, Fgf2, and Bdnf was diminished in cerebellar astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Gene expression of Olig1, Olig2, Sox9, Sox10, and Cnp was reduced in OPCs in vivo. Nasal PDGFA application improved oligodendroglial proliferation after hyperoxia at P7. However, this treatment effect vanished until P9. Impaired MBP expression after hyperoxia was attenuated by PDGFA treatment until P11, but not beyond when PDGFA supply was stopped. In this study on neonatal cerebellar injury, it is documented for the first time that improvement of oligodendroglial proliferation and of myelination can be achieved by PDGFA treatment. However, the treatment benefit is not maintained long term.
Reviving Human Research in Costa Rica
Authors: Householder Michael , Solano‐López Ana Laura , Muñóz‐Rojas Derby , Rivera Suzanne M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTCosta Rica is a small developing nation in Central America with a well‐regarded universal health care system and a strong human rights tradition. In the latter part of the twentieth century, it became a popular site for clinical trials funded by multinational pharmaceutical companies. In light of concerns about ineffective oversight and alleged research abuses, the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court passed a moratorium on all biomedical studies involving humans. This moratorium was in place between 2010 and 2014, when the Legislative Assembly passed a new national law to protect participants’ rights and welfare. This case study reviews the history of human research protections in Costa Rica and provides recommendations for how Costa Rica can move forward responsibly as a leader in human research for the region.
Preserved white matter microstructure in adolescent patients with atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Olivo Gaia , Swenne Ingemar , Zhukovsky Christina , Tuunainen Anna‐Kaisa , Saaid Avista , Salonen‐Ros Helena , Larsson Elna‐Marie , Brooks Samantha J. , Schiöth Helgi B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivePatients with atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) are often in the normal‐weight range at presentation; however, signs of starvation and medical instability are not rare. White matter (WM) microstructural correlates of atypical AN have not yet been investigated, leaving an important gap in our knowledge regarding the neural pathogenesis of this disorder.MethodWe investigated WM microstructural integrity in 25 drug‐naïve adolescent patients with atypical AN and 25 healthy controls, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with a tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach. Psychological variables related to the eating disorder and depressive symptoms were also evaluated by administering the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE‐Q) and the Montgomery–Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS‐S) respectively, to all participants.ResultsPatients and controls were in the normal‐weight range and did not differ from the body mass index standard deviations for their age. No between groups difference in WM microstructure could be detected.DiscussionOur findings support the hypothesis that brain structural alterations may not be associated to early‐stage atypical AN. These findings also suggest that previous observations of alterations in WM microstructure in full syndrome AN may constitute state‐related consequences of severe weight loss. Whether the preservation of WM structure is a pathogenetically discriminant feature of atypical AN or only an effect of a less severe nutritional disturbance, will have to be verified by future studies on larger samples, possibly directly comparing AN and atypical AN.
Metabarcoding free‐living marine nematodes using curated 18S and CO1 reference sequence databases for species‐level taxonomic assignments
Authors: Macheriotou Lara , Guilini Katja , Bezerra Tania Nara , Tytgat Bjorn , Nguyen Dinh Tu , Phuong Nguyen Thi Xuan , Noppe Febe , Armenteros Maickel , Boufahja Fehmi , Rigaux Annelien , Vanreusel Ann , Derycke Sofie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing has the potential to describe biological communities with high efficiency yet comprehensive assessment of diversity with species‐level resolution remains one of the most challenging aspects of metabarcoding studies. We investigated the utility of curated ribosomal and mitochondrial nematode reference sequence databases for determining phylum‐specific species‐level clustering thresholds. We compiled 438 ribosomal and 290 mitochondrial sequences which identified 99% and 94% as the species delineation clustering threshold, respectively. These thresholds were evaluated in HTS data from mock communities containing 39 nematode species as well as environmental samples from Vietnam. We compared the taxonomic description of the mocks generated by two read‐merging and two clustering algorithms and the cluster‐free Dada2 pipeline. Taxonomic assignment with the RDP classifier was assessed under different training sets. Our results showed that 36/39 mock nematode species were identified across the molecular markers (18S: 32, JB2: 19, JB3: 21) in UClust_ref OTUs at their respective clustering thresholds, outperforming UParse_denovo and the commonly used 97% similarity. Dada2 generated the most realistic number of ASVs (18S: 83, JB2: 75, JB3: 82), collectively identifying 30/39 mock species. The ribosomal marker outperformed the mitochondrial markers in terms of species and genus‐level detections for both OTUs and ASVs. The number of taxonomic assignments of OTUs/ASVs was highest when the smallest reference database containing only nematode sequences was used and when sequences were truncated to the respective amplicon length. Overall, OTUs generated more species‐level detections, which were, however, associated with higher error rates compared to ASVs. Genus‐level assignments using ASVs exhibited higher accuracy and lower error rates compared to species‐level assignments, suggesting that this is the most reliable pipeline for rapid assessment of alpha diversity from environmental samples.
A self‐regulation account of the job performance–job satisfaction relationship
Authors: Heidemeier Heike , Moser Klaus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present a self‐regulation account of the job performance–job satisfaction relationship according to which job performance leads to job satisfaction, if it involves optimal expectancies for successful performance. Using response surface methodology (n = 747 employees), we found that employees who held overly negative (self‐effacement) or overly positive self‐perceptions of performance (self‐enhancement) gained less satisfaction from their jobs. As hypothesized by self‐discrepancy theory, self‐effacement promoted fear‐related negative emotions, whereas self‐enhancement was linked to disappointment. Self‐enhancers also reported lower trust and reduced satisfaction with interpersonal relationships, which may partly explain why self‐enhancement had particularly detrimental effects. Furthermore, among employees high in performance‐goal orientation, attaining high normative performance, as indicated by above‐average supervisor evaluations, rather than optimal expectancies for success, explained job satisfaction. Our findings support the conclusion that need satisfaction and the ensuing self‐regulatory processes determine the shape and the size of the performance–satisfaction relationship.
Highlighting the uniqueness in dielectrophoretic enrichment of circulating tumor cells
Authors: S. Iliescu Florina , Sim Wen Jing , Heidari Hossein , P. Poenar Daniel , Miao Jianmin , Taylor Hayden K. , Iliescu Ciprian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) play an essential role in the metastasis of tumors, and thus can serve as a valuable prognostic factor for malignant diseases. As a result, the ability to isolate and characterize CTCs is essential. This review underlines the potential of dielectrophoresis for CTCs enrichment. It begins by summarizing the key performance parameters and challenges of CTCs isolation using microfluidics. The two main categories of CTCs enrichment—affinity‐based and label‐free methods—are analysed, emphasising the advantages and disadvantages of each as well as their clinical potential. While the main argument in favour of affinity‐based methods is the strong specificity of CTCs isolation, the major advantage of the label‐free technologies is in preserving the integrity of the cellular membrane, an essential requirement for downstream characterization. Moving forward, we try to answer the main question: “What makes dielectrophoresis a method of choice in CTCs isolation?” The uniqueness of dielectrophoretic CTCs enrichment resides in coupling the specificity of the isolation process with the conservation of the membrane surface. The specificity of the dielectrophoretic method stems from the differences in the dielectric properties between CTCs and other cells in the blood: the capacitances of the malignantly transformed cellular membranes of CTCs differ from those of other cells. Examples of dielectrophoretic devices are described and their performance evaluated. Critical requirements for using dielectrophoresis to isolate CTCs are highlighted. Finally, we consider that DEP has the potential of becoming a cytometric method for large‐scale sorting and characterization of cells.
Species sensitivity distributions for use in environmental protection, assessment, and management of aquatic ecosystems for 12 386 chemicals
Authors: Posthuma Leo , van Gils Jos , Zijp Michiel C. , van de Meent Dik , de Zwart Dick 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The present study considers the collection and use of ecotoxicity data for risk assessment with species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of chemical pollution in surface water, which are used to quantify the likelihood that critical effect levels are exceeded. This fits the European Water Framework Directive, which suggests using models to assess the likelihood that chemicals affect water quality for management prioritization. We derived SSDs based on chronic and acute ecotoxicity test data for 12 386 compounds. The log-normal SSDs are characterized by the median and the standard deviation of log-transformed ecotoxicity data and by a quality score. A case study illustrates the utility of SSDs for water quality assessment and management prioritization. We quantified the chronic and acute mixture toxic pressure of mixture exposures for &gt;22 000 water bodies in Europe for 1760 chemicals for which we had both exposure and hazard data. The results show the likelihood of mixture exposures exceeding a negligible effect level and increasing species loss. The SSDs in the present study represent a versatile and comprehensive approach to prevent, assess, and manage chemical pollution problems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:905–917. © 2019 SETAC
Abstract
Graph illustrating our contribution to an increased ability to provide environmental decision support with species sensitivity distributions. LCA = life cycle assessment.
Evaluation of Two Water Transports through Electrolyte Membrane of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Based on Water Visualization and Current Measurement
Authors: Nishida K. , Hosotani T. , Asa M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo alleviate membrane dehydration in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) during low‐humidity operations, it is essential to deeply understand two water crossover phenomena through electrolyte membranes. This study presented the quantitative method for separately evaluating the electro‐osmotic and back‐diffusion water transports in the electrolyte of an operating PEFC based on the measurements of water vapor and current distributions. Firstly, the water vapor distribution in the anode flow field was investigated by the visualization technique using humidity test paper (HTP). Subsequently, the detailed transport processes of water through the electrolyte membrane can be numerically estimated from the measurement results of water and current profiles by using a simple fuel cell model. In this work, the effects of inlet gas humidification, microporous layer (MPL) addition and flow configuration on the two water transports in the membrane were demonstrated under low‐humidity conditions to verify the validity of the proposed methodology. Results revealed that the introduction of MPL on the cathode side increases the water concentration in the anode channel due to the back‐diffusion effect. The counter‐flow configuration effectively improves the membrane hydration at the anode inlet because of the strong back‐diffusion from the wetted cathode outlet.
Zur Anwendung von Einplatinen‐Computern in der bodenmechanischen Forschung und Lehre am Beispiel eines einaxialen Druckversuchs zur Untersuchung teilgesättigter, granularer Böden
Authors: Milatz Marius 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSeit ein paar Jahren finden Einplatinen‐Computer und Mikrocontroller zunehmend Anwendung in Bastlerkreisen, in der Lehre an Schulen und Universitäten, aber auch in der Industrie und Wissenschaft. In diesem Beitrag wird an einem konkreten experimentellen Messprojekt aus der bodenmechanischen Forschung an teilgesättigten, granularen Böden aufgezeigt, wie mithilfe eines Einplatinen‐Computers ein bodenmechanischer Versuchsapparat entwickelt und umgesetzt werden kann. Der Beitrag fokussiert sich dabei auf die Anwendung von Einplatinen‐Computern in der bodenmechanischen Forschung und Lehre. Hier bieten sich verschiedene Vorteile, etwa aus Sicht der Forschung, die Freiheiten bei der Entwicklung von Forschungsapparaten, und aus Sicht der Lehre, die Motivation, Studierende der Bodenmechanik mit Labormesstechnik und (physikalischer) Programmierung vertraut zu machen, einem Gebiet, das im Bauingenieurstudium in der Regel zu kurz kommt oder von Studierenden trotz seiner zunehmenden Wichtigkeit nur verhalten angenommen wird.
Feasibility of carbon‐ion radiotherapy for oral non‐squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Ikawa Hiroaki , Koto Masashi , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Tonogi Morio , Takagi Ryo , Nomura Takeshi , Tsuji Hiroshi , Kamada Tadashi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated carbon‐ion radiotherapy (C‐ion RT) for oral non‐squamous cell carcinomas (non‐SCC).MethodsWe retrospectively obtained data from 74 patients who underwent C‐ion RT for oral malignancies between April 1997 and March 2016. The C‐ion RT was administered in 16 fractions at a total dose of 57.6 or 64.0 Gy (relative biological effectiveness).ResultsForty‐three patients had salivary gland carcinomas, 29 patients had mucosal melanoma, and 2 patients had other types of pathologies. The tumors were classified as T1‐T3 (24 cases), T4a (21 cases), or T4b (29 cases). The median follow‐up was 49 months. The 5‐year rates were 78.8% for local control, 36.2% for progression‐free survival, and 58.3% for overall survival. Although 10 patients developed grade 3 osteoradionecrosis after C‐ion RT, all patients maintained their mastication and deglutition functions after sequestrectomy and prosthesis placement.ConclusionC‐ion RT was effective for oral non‐SCC and had acceptable toxicities.
Epigenetic Manipulation Induces the Production of Coumarin‐Type Secondary Metabolite from Arthrobotrys foliicola
Authors: Li Chi‐Ying , Lo I‐Wen , Hsueh Yen‐Ping , Chung Yu‐Ming , Wang Shih‐Wei , Korinek Michal , Tsai Yi‐Hong , Cheng Yuan‐Bin , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Wang Clay C. C. , Chang Fang‐Rong , Wu Yang‐Chang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPursuing epigenetic manipulation approach in fungi led to the isolation of an unusual coumarin metabolite from fungi. An addition of the histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberohydroxamic acid (SBHA), to the culture medium of Arthrobotrys foliicola induced production of the coumarin‐type secondary metabolite represented by a single intensive peak in the HPLC profile of the ethyl acetate extract. The compound which was identified as 4‐ethyl‐7‐hydroxy‐8‐methyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (1) was isolated from nature for the first time. Moreover, the investigation on the remaining part of the HPLC profile led to the separation of 6‐ethyl‐2,4‐dihydroxy‐3‐methylbenzaldehyde (2) and ten 2,5‐diketopiperazine compounds (3–12). The structures of isolates were deduced by their mass and NMR spectroscopic data. The coumarin‐type secondary metabolite (1) with peculiar smell induced by epigenetic stimulation is found for the first time in the Arthrobotrys species and the family Orbiliaceae. We evaluated 1 for the cytotoxic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐allergic and nematocidal activities, however, it was found inactive.
A systematic review of reported outcomes and outcome measures in randomized controlled trials on apical prolapse surgery
Authors: de Mattos Lourenço Thais Regina , Pergialiotis Vasilis , Durnea Constantin , Elfituri Abdullatif , Haddad Jorge Milhem , Betschart Cornelia , Falconi Gabriele , Doumouchtsis Stergios K. ,   CHORUS: An International Collaboration for Harmonising Outcomes, Research, and Standards in Urogynaecology and Women's Health
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on efficacy and safety of pelvic organ prolapse interventions is variable, and methodological flaws preclude meaningful synthesis of primary research data.ObjectiveTo evaluate variations in reported outcomes and outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on apical prolapse surgical interventions.Search strategyWe searched Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus for English‐language articles published from inception to September 30, 2017, using the terms “management”, “repair”, “operation”, and “pelvic organ prolapse”.Selection criteriaRCTs on apical prolapse surgical treatment.Data collection and analysisOutcomes and outcome measures were identified and categorized into domains. Studies were evaluated for quality of outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate frequencies.Main resultsForty‐three RCTs were included. Seventy‐six outcomes and 66 outcome measures were identified. Bladder and ureteric injury were the most commonly reported intraoperative complications (19/31 studies; 61%). Quality of life was assessed by 19 different instruments and questionnaires. Fourteen (45%) of 31 studies used recurrence of prolapse as a postoperative anatomical outcome.ConclusionsSubstantial variation in reported outcomes and outcome measures was confirmed, precluding comparisons across trials and synthesis of the results. Development of a core outcome set will enable high‐quality meta‐analyses to be performed in the future.PROSPERO registration: CRD42017062456.