bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urapidil, but not dihydropyridine calcium channel inhibitors, preserves the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: an experimental study in pig arteries
Authors: Bopp Claire , Auger Cyril , Mebazaa Alexandre , Joshi Girish P. , Schini‐Kerth Valérie B. , Diemunsch Pierre 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a protective mechanism maintaining blood oxygenation by redirecting blood flow from poorly ventilated to well‐ventilated areas in the lung. Such a beneficial effect is blunted by antihypertensive treatment with dihydropyridine calcium channel inhibitors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of urapidil, an antihypertensive agent acting as an α1 adrenergic antagonist and a partial 5‐HT1A agonist, on HPV in porcine proximal and distal pulmonary artery rings, and to characterize underlying mechanisms. Rings from proximal and distal porcine pulmonary artery were suspended in organ chambers and aerated with a 95% O2 + 5% CO2 gas mixture. HPV was induced by changing the gas to a 95% N2 + 5% CO2 mixture following a low level of pre‐contraction with U46619. Hypoxia induced a contractile response in both proximal and distal pulmonary artery rings. This effect is observed in the presence of a functional endothelium and is inhibited by a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ), a NO scavenger (carboxy‐PTIO), and by catalase in proximal pulmonary artery rings. The endothelium‐dependent HPV is prevented by nicardipine and clevidipine but remained unaffected by urapidil in both proximal and distal pulmonary artery rings. These findings indicate that urapidil, in contrast to nicardipine and clevidipine, preserves the hypoxia‐triggered vasoconstriction in isolated pulmonary arteries. They further indicate the involvement of the NO‐guanylyl cyclase pathway and H2O2 in HPV. Further research is warranted to determine the potential clinical relevance of the preserved hypoxia‐induced pulmonary vasoconstriction by urapidil.
Fatigue in fibre metal laminates: The interplay between fatigue in metals and fatigue in composites
Authors: Alderiesten René 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith the introduction of fibre metal laminates (FMLs) as a (fatigue) damage tolerant material concept in aeronautics, an interesting field emerged where fatigue damage interaction plays a dominant role. The hybrid concept effectively demands evaluating fatigue damage growth based on fracture phenomena typical for both metals and fibre‐reinforced composites that continuously interact with each other. This paper explains current understanding of the fatigue fracture phenomena in FMLs, and it demonstrates how this interaction limits the criticality of both the metallic and composite fracture phenomena. In addition, it explains how the laminated hybrid configuration can be further exploited scientifically to unravel the physics of the individual fatigue fracture phenomena.
Effects of three‐month streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in mice on blood platelet reactivity, COX‐1 expression and adhesion potential
Authors: Przygodzki Tomasz , Kassassir Hassan , Talar Marcin , Siewiera Karolina , Watala Cezary 
Published: February 2019

SummaryDiabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This is partially attributed to an altered activation status of blood platelets in this disease. Previously, alterations have been shown in COX‐1 and protease activated receptor (PAR)‐3 receptor expression in platelets in two animal models of diabetes, there have not been studies which address expression of these proteins in mice with long‐term streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes. We have also addressed the effect of diabetes on platelet adhesion under flow conditions. With the use of flow cytometry, we have shown that certain markers of platelet basal activation, such as active form of αIIbβ3 and of CD40L were increased in STZ‐induced diabetic mice. Platelets from STZ‐induced diabetic mice were also more reactive when stimulated with PAR‐4 activating peptide as revealed by higher expression of active form of αIIbβ3, membrane‐bound on vWillebrand Factor and binding of exogenous fluorescein isothyanate‐labelled fibrinogen. Expression of COX‐1 and production of thromboxane A2 in platelets of STZ‐induced diabetic mice were higher than in control animals. We observed no effect of diabetes on ability of platelets to form stable adhesions with fibrinogen in flow conditions. We conclude that although certain similarities exist between patterns of activation of platelets in animal models of diabetes, the differences should also be taken into account.
Dependence of crystal structure on mechanical and thermophysical properties of magnetoplumbite‐type LnMgAl11O19 ceramics with substitution of Ln3+ Ions
Authors: Zhao Yajing , Min Xin , Fang Minghao , Wu Xiaowen , Liu Yan’gai , Huang Zhaohui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLanthanum hexaaluminate is a promising candidate to establish yttria partially stabilized zirconia as a thermal barrier coating material for super alloy due to their remarkable stability and thermophysical performance. In order to understand the relationship between the structure and properties and gain new low thermal conducting materials, the LnMgAl11O19 (LnMA, Ln: La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) materials were synthesized firstly and further used to produce the LnMA ceramics. With the increasing relative atomic mass of the replaced Ln3+ ions from La to Gd, the lattice parameters and grain sizes of the LnMA platelets decrease, while the mechanical properties increase, and the thermal physic properties decrease. The GdMgAl11O19 ceramics obtain the lowest thermal conductivity with the value of 1.91‐1.78 W/m K in the range from room temperature to 800°C, which could be considered as a promising candidate for application in thermal barrier coating materials. These results could further provide reference for developing novel materials lower thermal conductivity.
What are the Characteristics of Respondents using Different Devices in Mixed‐device Online Surveys? Evidence from Six UK Surveys
Authors: Maslovskaya Olga , Durrant Gabriele B. , Smith Peter W.F. , Hanson Tim , Villar Ana 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThere is a move towards online data collection across the world. Online survey response is complicated by respondents using different devices. So far, no research has been conducted in the UK to study characteristics of people using different devices in mixed‐device online surveys. This analysis uses all publicly available UK social surveys with an online component: Understanding Society Innovation Panel, Community Life Survey, European Social Survey, 1958 National Child Development Study and the Second Longitudinal Study of Young People in England. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions are used to explore significant correlates of device use in online surveys. The results of bivariate analysis suggest that age, gender, marital status, employment, religion, household size, children in household, household income, number of cars and frequency of internet use are significantly associated with device used across surveys. The associations with age, gender, employment status, household size and education are consistent with the findings from other countries. The knowledge about respondents' characteristics using different devices in online surveys in the UK will help to understand better the response process in online surveys and to target certain subgroups more effectively. It is also important for designs of online surveys, understanding of data quality and post‐survey adjustments.
Nrf2 promotes breast cancer cell migration via up‐regulation of G6PD/HIF‐1α/Notch1 axis
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Sheng , Zhang Zhong‐Guo , Du Guang‐Yuan , Sun Hong‐Liang , Liu Hui‐Yun , Zhou Zhen , Gou Xiao‐Meng , Wu Xi‐Hao , Yu Xiao‐Ying , Huang Ying‐Hui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAbnormal metabolism of tumour cells is closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer, during which the expression of NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is of great significance. Metastatic breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide; however, the molecular mechanism underlying breast cancer metastasis remains unknown. In this study, we found that the overexpression of Nrf2 promoted proliferation and migration of breast cancers cells. Inhibition of Nrf2 and overexpression of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) reduced the expression of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and transketolase of pentose phosphate pathway, and overexpression of Nrf2 and knockdown of Keap1 had opposite effects. Our results further showed that the overexpression of Nrf2 promoted the expression of G6PD and Hypoxia‐inducing factor 1α (HIF‐1α) in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Overexpression of Nrf2 up‐regulated the expression of Notch1 via G6PD/HIF‐1α pathway. Notch signalling pathway affected the proliferation of breast cancer by affecting its downstream gene HES‐1, and regulated the migration of breast cancer cells by affecting the expression of EMT pathway. The results suggest that Nrf2 is a potential molecular target for the treatment of breast cancer and targeting Notch1 signalling pathway may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of Nrf2‐driven breast cancer metastasis.
Ultraviolet radiation exposure among Belgrade high school students: analysis of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour
Authors: Skiljevic D. , Sreckovic L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of melanoma has been increasing worldwide. Extended UV exposure during childhood or adolescence significantly increases the probability of skin cancer in adulthood.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyse knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding exposure to natural and artificial UV radiation among Belgrade high school students.MethodsThe study was conducted using a questionnaire among 549 students of 3rd and 4th grade (17 and 18 years of age) in four Belgrade high schools. The questionnaire had 32 questions: questions about gender, date and month of birth and parents’ education, nine questions regarding sunbed use, nine questions regarding behaviour in the sun during summer months, four questions regarding personal and family history and skin phototype and seven questions regarding attitude and general knowledge about effects of UV radiation. Assessment of frequency rate and relative numbers was used as methods of descriptive statistics.ResultsAs many as 39% of participants had used a sunbed at least once, 38% plan on using it in the future. One quarter spends more than 3 hours in the sun on the beach during summer without any protection, and only one‐third of participants had not experienced sunburn during last summer. Only one‐half of students know what melanoma is, while 37% stated that they do not know.ConclusionGeneral awareness of risk factors regarding sun exposure as well as general knowledge about melanoma is not on a high level among Belgrade high school students. Therefore, besides legislative measures, it is extremely important to conduct adequate education programmes in high schools.
Who, why, where: an overview of determinants of sunbed use in Europe
Authors: Suppa M. , Gandini S. , Bulliard J.L. , Daxhelet M. , Zamagni M. , Forsea A.M. , Longo M.I. , del Marmol V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough exposure to indoor tanning has been established as a clear risk factor for skin cancer, sunbeds are still commonly used in Europe. Understanding the determinants of sunbed use in Europe is key to plan educational interventions, behavioural strategies and legislative measures, which should be tailored to subgroups with different risk profiles. Evidences show that the typical sunbed users in Europe are young‐adult women, with intermediate skin type, a current employment and a medium/high socio‐economic status. Typical users display sun‐seeking behaviours and other risky behaviours such as smoking. Indoor tanning seems more common in northern than southern Europe. However, sunbed use remains common in fair‐skinned individuals and among adolescents/pre‐adolescents. Commonly reported reasons for sunbed use in Europe include aesthetic motives (i.e. looking attractive), the pursue of a prevacation tan, the influence of peers/parents engaging in the same habit, and the treatment of health conditions. The most commonly reported places to get an artificial tan in Europe are tanning studios and beauty salons. However, sunbeds are also available in sport venues, such as swimming pools and gyms, hotels and private houses. All these factors should be taken into account when planning educational, behavioural and legislative interventions to reduce the popularity of artificial tanning in Europe.
Autophagy‐related genes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) gill epithelial cells and their role in nutrient restriction
Authors: Balmori‐Cedeño Jaramar , Liu Juan‐Ting , Misk Ehab , Lillie Brandon N. , Lumsden John S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAutophagy is primarily an adaptive response to provide nutrients and energy following exposure to stress and starvation but can also regulate muscle mass and impact infectious disease susceptibility. Expression of 10 autophagy‐related (Atg) genes in rainbow trout was monitored throughout the autophagosome formation cycle. The Atg gene sequences of rainbow trout were compared to other species to identify highly conserved regions and to generate primers. Phylogeny trees created with rainbow trout and 14 other species demonstrate that rainbow trout Atg gene sequences have greatest similarity to Atlantic salmon and other fish species. RTgill‐W1 cells were subjected to nutrient restriction and compared to cells in normal nutrient conditions using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to assess changes in Atg gene expression. Nutrient restriction had a direct impact on Atg gene expression, with atg4, atg9, atg12, lc3, gabarap and becn1 undergoing the greatest differential expression (p < 0.05), most dramatically on Day 3. This was corroborated by Western blot detection of LC3, which also showed a peak of autophagy activity at Day 3 post‐nutrient restriction. Atg gene expression revealed autophagy flux in RTgill‐W1, as well as, those genes that were most significantly altered by nutrient restriction.
The role of rpoS in the regulation of Vibrio alginolyticus virulence and the response to diverse stresses
Authors: Huang Lixing , Guo Lina , Xu Xiaojin , Qin Yingxue , Zhao Lingmin , Su Yongquan , Yan Qingpi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVibrio alginolyticus is a leading aquatic pathogen, causing huge losses to aquaculture. rpoS has been proven to play a variety of important roles in stress response and virulence in several bacteria. In our previous study, upon treatment with Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+ and low pH, the expression levels of rpoS were downregulated as assessed by RNA‐seq, while impaired adhesion ability was observed, indicating that rpoS might play roles in the regulation of adhesion. In the present study, the RNAi technology was used to knockdown rpoS in V. alginolyticus. In comparison with wild‐type V. alginolyticus, RNAi‐treated bacteria showed significantly impaired abilities of adhesion, growth, haemolytic, biofilm production, movement and virulence. Meanwhile, alterations of temperature, salinity, pH and starvation starkly affected rpoS expression. The present data suggested that rpoS is a critical regulator of virulence in V. alginolyticus; in addition, rpoS regulates bacterial adhesion in response to temperature, pH and nutrient content changes. These are helpful to explore its pathogenic mechanism and provide reference for disease control.
Masticatory behaviour and chewing difficulties in young adults with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Ferreira Claudia Lúcia Pimenta , Sforza Chiarella , Rusconi Francesca M. E. , Castelo Paula Midori , Bommarito Silvana 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundDifficulties and limitations on masticatory function are among the main reasons why patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) seek care.ObjectiveTo evaluate the masticatory behaviour and perception of chewing difficulties in adults with mild TMD of recent onset, considering the presence of malocclusion.MethodsEighty‐one young adults were divided into groups according to the presence of TMD and malocclusion: Non‐TMD Normal Occlusion (n = 18), Non‐TMD Malocclusion (n = 22), TMD Normal Occlusion (n = 18) and TMD Malocclusion (n = 23). TMD was assessed using the TMD Research Diagnostic Criteria and volunteers also answered questionnaires regarding their perception about jaw functional limitation and difficulty to chew foods of different textures. Masticatory and swallowing behaviours were assessed using the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES) protocol. Chewing time and chewing frequency taken to ingest the test‐food were also obtained. Two‐way‐ANOVA was used to analyse the TMD, occlusion and TMD × occlusion interaction effects.ResultsTemporomandibular disorder effect was observed on vertical jaw mobility and jaw function limitation total scores, meaning that groups differed in the perception of opening limitation and mandibular limitation according to TMD status with a medium effect size. Also, more changes in chewing function (OMES‐chewing score) and higher chewing frequency was observed in the presence of TMD (P < 0.05). Occlusion effect was only observed on OMES‐swallowing score and no TMD × occlusion interaction effect was observed.ConclusionChanges in chewing behaviour, frequency and perception of mandibular limitation was observed in the presence of TMD, pointing out the importance of functional evaluation when planning and establishing a treatment plan.
Holobionts, Multispecies Ecologies, and the Biopolitics of Care: Emerging Landscapes of Praxis in a Medical Anthropology of the Anthropocene
Authors: Fuentes Agustin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMedical anthropology, given its diversity of practical and historical entanglements with (and outside of) numerous threads of anthropology, is a key site for productive theoretical and methodological confluences in the Anthropocene. Multispecies approaches, ethnographically, theoretically and methodologically, are developing as central locations for the hybridization and mingling of diverse and innovative research questions, particularly those engaging the processes, patterns, and constructs of health.
Interspecies Engagement in Medical Anthropology
Authors: Sharp Lesley A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHuman–animal interdependencies define longstanding concerns for anthropologists. Within this vast terrain, medical anthropologists claim rights to a significant portion, marked most notably, perhaps, by our sustained attention to nonhuman species as pathogens, vectors, and reservoirs of disease. Our discipline, nevertheless, has been slow to engage with contemporary theorizing about interspecies entanglements, a deficit this volume's collection seeks to rectify. As I argue below, this collection opens up new domains of study, analysis, and understanding, where an especially important intervention involves enfolding interspecies sensibilities within praxes of care.
Breastfeeding and risk of habitual snoring in children: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Ke , Guo Yan , Zhang Yue , Jiang Xiubo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResearch regarding the effects of breastfeeding on habitual snoring in children has yielded conflicting results. Therefore, a meta‐analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on the risk of habitual snoring in children. Relevant studies published in English or Chinese were identified by a search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medical literature, and Wanfang databases up to October 2018. Random effects model was used to pool the findings, and results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs. Eleven studies with 71,622 participants were included in the present meta‐analysis. The pooled OR of habitual snoring for more versus less breastfeeding (duration) was 0.74 (95% CI [0.62, 0.90]), and the result remained significant in cohort studies (OR, 0.74; 95%CI [0.66, 0.84]). We found no evidence of publication bias. This meta‐analysis of observational studies indicates that breastfeeding for a long time is associated with reduced risk of habitual snoring in children. The finding needs to be investigated in well‐designed prospective studies.
A multicenter audit of the use of bronchoscopy during open and thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Ahmad Nargis S. , Dobby Nadine , Walker Eleanor , Sogbodjor L. Amaki , Kelgeri Nivedita , Pickard Amelia , Burrows Thomas D. R. , Nicholson Katy E. , Green Alice , Shepherd Liz , Thornley Helen , Wolfe Barry Juliet A. , Parker Beverley J. , Childs Sophie L. , King Rumiko G. , Mele Sara , Krishnan Prakash 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula is usually repaired in the neonatal period. Preferential ventilation through the fistula can lead to gastric distension. Bronchoscopy has a role in defining the site and size of the fistula, and may be carried out by the surgeon or the anesthetist. The use of bronchoscopy varies across different institutions.MethodsThis is a multicenter case note review of infants with EA with tracheoesophageal fistula who underwent surgery between January 2010 and December 2015. This retrospective audit aims primarily to document the use of bronchoscopy during open and thoracoscopic repair at a selection of United Kingdom centers. Respiratory complications, that is relating to airway management, the respiratory system, and difficulty with ventilation, at induction and during surgery, are recorded. The range of techniques for anesthesia and analgesia in these centers is noted.ResultsBronchoscopy was carried out in 52% of cases. The incidence of respiratory complications was 7% at induction and 21% during surgery. Thoracoscopic repair usually took longer. One center used high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation, on an elective basis during thoracoscopic repair, to facilitate surgical access and address concerns about hypoxemia and hypercarbia.ConclusionThe use of bronchoscopy varies considerably between institutions. Infants undergoing tracheoesophageal fistula repair are at risk of perioperative respiratory morbidity. The advent of thoracoscopic repair has introduced further variation.
Presentation of pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with skin lesions: Case reports and review
Authors: Schneller‐Pavelescu Luca , Vergara de Caso Eduardo , Pastor‐Tomás Natalia , Gutiérrez Agulló María , Ruiz Pérez Lorea , Betlloch Mas Isabel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report three cases of patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism or pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. These diseases are considered GNAS inactivating mutation syndromes that are characterized by a diversity of alterations among which a particular phenotype and specific endocrine or ossification abnormalities may be found. These patients may present with hard cutaneous nodules, which can represent osteoma cutis. The presence of these lesions in pediatric patients should prompt the dermatologist's consideration of this group of diseases when reaching a diagnosis. A multidisciplinary team of pediatricians, endocrinologists, geneticists, and dermatologists should carefully evaluate these patients.
Pine tar callus: A mimicker of a melanocytic lesion
Authors: Donaldson Marie , Chamlin Sarah L. , Vivar Karina L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report a case of acral pigmented lesions due to pine tar, a common compound used on baseball bats to improve grip, deposition. The patient presented with an acute concern for a new melanocytic lesion, and dermoscopy revealed large brown globules, not typical of melanocytic neoplasms. We propose that the coupling of dermoscopy and a thorough clinical history of exogenous exposures in similar clinical presentations can provide reassurance in evaluating atypical appearing pigmented lesions.