bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and distribution of Klebsiella capsules in Escherichia coli
Authors: Nanayakkara Buddhie S. , O'Brien Claire L. , Gordon David M. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryE. coli strains responsible for elevated counts (blooms) in freshwater reservoirs in Australia carry a capsule originating from Klebsiella. The occurrence of Klebsiella capsules in E. coli was about 7% overall and 23 different capsule types were detected. Capsules were observed in strains from phylogroups A, B1 and C, but were absent from phylogroup B2, D, E and F strains. In general, few A, B1 or C lineages were capsule‐positive, but when a lineage was encapsulated multiple different capsule types were present. All Klebsiella capsule‐positive strains were of serogroups O8, O9 and O89. Regardless of the phylogroup, O9 strains were more likely to be capsule‐positive than O8 strains. Given the sequence similarity, it appears that both the capsule region and the O‐antigen gene region are transferred to E. coli from Klebsiella as a single block via horizontal gene transfer events. Pan genome analysis indicated that there were only modest differences between encapsulated and non‐encapsulated strains belonging to phylogroup A. The possession of a Klebsiella capsule, but not the type of capsule, is likely a key determinant of the bloom status of a strain.
Tau‐induced nuclear envelope invagination causes a toxic accumulation of mRNA in Drosophila
Authors: Cornelison Garrett L. , Levy Simon A. , Jenson Tyler , Frost Bess 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe nucleus is a spherical dual‐membrane bound organelle that encapsulates genomic DNA. In eukaryotes, messenger RNAs (mRNA) are transcribed in the nucleus and transported through nuclear pores into the cytoplasm for translation into protein. In certain cell types and pathological conditions, nuclei harbor tubular invaginations of the nuclear envelope known as the “nucleoplasmic reticulum.” Nucleoplasmic reticulum expansion has recently been established as a mediator of neurodegeneration in tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. While the presence of pore‐lined, cytoplasm‐filled, nuclear envelope invaginations has been proposed to facilitate the rapid export of RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, the functional significance of nuclear envelope invaginations in regard to RNA export in any disorder is currently unknown. Here, we report that polyadenylated RNAs accumulate within and adjacent to tau‐induced nuclear envelope invaginations in a Drosophila model of tauopathy. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of RNA export machinery reduces accumulation of polyadenylated RNA within and adjacent to nuclear envelope invaginations and reduces tau‐induced neuronal death. These data are the first to point toward a possible role for RNA export through nuclear envelope invaginations in the pathogenesis of a neurodegenerative disorder and suggest that nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery may serve as a possible novel class of therapeutic targets for the treatment of tauopathies.
Carbon monoxide attenuates amyloidogenesis via down‐regulation of NF‐κB‐mediated BACE1 gene expression
Authors: Kim Hyo Jeong , Joe Yeonsoo , Chen Yingqing , Park Gyu Hwan , Kim Uh‐Hyun , Chung Hun Taeg 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides, the major constituent of plaques, are generated by sequential proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) via β‐secretase (BACE1) and the γ‐secretase complex. It has been proposed that the abnormal secretion and accumulation of Aβ are the initial causative events in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Drugs modulating this pathway could be used for AD treatment. Previous studies indicated that carbon monoxide (CO), a product of heme oxygenase (HO)‐1, protects against Aβ‐induced toxicity and promotes neuroprotection. However, the mechanism underlying the mitigative effect of CO on Aβ levels and BACE1 expression is unclear. Here, we show that CO modulates cleavage of APP and Aβ production by decreasing BACE1 expression in vivo and in vitro. CO reduces Aβ levels and improves memory deficits in AD transgenic mice. The regulation of BACE1 expression by CO is dependent on nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB). Consistent with the negative role of SIRT1 in the NF‐κB activity, CO fails to evoke significant decrease in BACE1 expression in the presence of the SIRT1 inhibitor. Furthermore, CO attenuates elevation of BACE1 level in brains of 3xTg‐AD mouse model as well as mice fed high‐fat, high‐cholesterol diets. CO reduces the NF‐κB‐mediated transcription of BACE1 induced by the cholesterol oxidation product 27‐hydroxycholesterol or hydrogen peroxide. These data suggest that CO reduces the NF‐κB‐mediated BACE1 transcription and consequently decreases Aβ production. Our study provides novel mechanisms by which CO reduces BACE1 expression and Aβ production and may be an effective agent for AD treatment.
Efficacy of erbium glass laser in the treatment of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: A case series
Authors: Mashayekhi Goyonlo Vahid , Karrabi Mahboubeh , Kiafar Bita 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis remains a challenge; new physical treatment modalities including laser systems are of interest in the treatment of localized lesions.MethodFourteen patients (10 females) with 20 lesions of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis underwent weekly treatments of 1540 nm erbium glass fractional laser (Palomar) using 10 mm spot size hand piece in four passes of 50–70 mJ/cm2 fluence and 10 ms pulse duration.ResultsTwelve lesions were available for assessment: six (50%) improved at 6 weeks and eleven lesions (91.7%) at 12 weeks. There were no recurrences at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups.ConclusionErbium glass fractional laser may be an alternative treatment for localized cases of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis.
The use of pre‐caesarean prophylactic intra‐arterial balloon catheters for suspected placenta accreta
Authors: Frank Wolf Maya , Singer‐Jordan Jonathan , Shnaider Oleg , Aiob Ala , Sgayer Inshirah , Bornstein Jacob 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionThe incidence of placenta accreta (PA) has markedly increased in the United States, from 1/30 000 in 1950 to 1/731 deliveries in 2011. Although placenta praevia after prior caesarean sections (CS) is the most important risk factor for PA, other risk factors make up 1–5% of PA occurrences. At our referral hospital, we use the pre‐caesarean prophylactic balloon catheter with or without post‐surgery embolisation in a hybrid room. Here, we evaluate the role of prior CS and placenta praevia on the outcome of this procedure.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort analysis included 61 women during the years 2004–2016 with sonographic suspicion of PA who underwent balloon catheterisation prior to CS.ResultsEleven women had no previous CS (18%). Mean previous CS rate was 1.85. Six women (9.8%) had previous dilatation and curettage (D&C); 36.4% of women with no previous CS had previous D&C compared with 4% of women with previous CS (P = 0.008). Placenta praevia was sonographically diagnosed in 55 women (90.2%). There was a higher rate of caesarean hysterectomy in women with previous CS than in those without (32% vs 0%, P = 0.052) but no significant difference in blood product requirements (45.5% vs 66%, P = 0.303). There was no significant difference in hysterectomy rate, blood transfusion or surgery duration between women with and without placenta praevia (P = 0.648, 0.594, 0.995, respectively).ConclusionPrevious CS rather than placenta praevia is a strong indicator of hysterectomy in cases of PA. Different risk factors for PA do not affect blood transfusion rates or surgery duration.
Conventional or minimized cardiopulmonary bypass support during coronary artery bypass grafting? – An analysis by means of perfusion and body mass index
Authors: Provaznik Zdenek , Unterbuchner Christoph , Philipp Alois , Foltan Maik , Creutzenberg Marcus , Schopka Simon , Camboni Daniele , Schmid Christof , Floerchinger Bernhard 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe use of minimized cardiopulmonary bypass support to reduce the side effects of extracorporeal circulation is still contradictorily discussed. This study compares perfusion operated by conventional (CCPB) and minimized (MCPB) cardiopulmonary bypass support during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study includes the data of 5164 patients treated at our department between 2004 and 2014. Tissue perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass support and cardiac arrest was assessed by means of body mass index, hemodilution, blood pressure with corresponding pump flow and venous oxygen saturation, serum lactate, and serum pH. Hemodilution was more pronounced after CCPB: hemoglobin had dropped to 4.47 ± 0.142 g/dL after CCPB and to 2.77 ± 0.148 g/dL after MCPB (P = 0.0022). Despite the higher pump flow in conventional circuits (4.86–4.95 L/min vs. 4.1–4.18 L/min), mean blood pressure was higher during minimized bypass support (53 ± 10 vs. 56 ± 13 mm Hg [aortic clamping], 57 ± 9 vs. 61 ± 12 mm Hg [34°C], 55 ± 9 vs.59 ± 11 mm Hg [aortic clamp removal], P < 0.0001) at all time points. Venous oxygen saturation remained on comparable levels of >70% during both conventional and minimized cardiopulmonary bypass support. The increase in serum lactate was more pronounced after CCPB (8.98 ± 1.28 vs. 3.66 ± 1.25 mg/dL, P = 0.0079), corresponding to a decrease in serum pH to acidotic levels (7.33 ± 0.06 vs. 7.35 ± 0.06, P < 0.0001). These effects were evident in all BMI ranges. Minimized cardiopulmonary bypass support provides efficient perfusion in all BMI ranges and is thus equivalent to conventional circuits.
Systematic review: efficacy and safety of switching patients between reference and biosimilar infliximab
Authors: Feagan Brian G. , Lam Gordon , Ma Christopher , Lichtenstein Gary R. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundBiosimilar versions of widely prescribed drugs, including the tumour‐necrosis factor antagonist infliximab, are becoming increasingly available. As biosimilars are not identical copies of reference products, evidence may be required to demonstrate that switching between a reference biologic and biosimilars is safe and efficacious. To establish interchangeability, US Food and Drug Administration guidance states that studies must demonstrate that biosimilars remain equivalent or non‐inferior to a reference product after multiple switches between products.AimsTo investigate the evidence evaluating the safety and efficacy of switching between reference and biosimilar infliximab in patients with inflammatory disorders, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and plaque psoriasis.MethodsPublished studies presenting data on switching between reference and biosimilar infliximab were identified by searching the MEDLINE database. Congress abstracts were identified by searching the EMBASE database and manually searching abstracts from relevant congresses.ResultsA total of 113 journal articles and 149 abstracts were found. Of these, 70 were considered relevant and included in this analysis. Most of the publications were uncontrolled, observational studies. Data from six randomised, controlled trials were identified. In general, the evidence revealed no clinically important efficacy or safety signals associated with switching.ConclusionsWhile available data have not identified significant risks associated with a single switch between reference and biosimilar infliximab, the studies available currently report on only single switches and were mostly observational studies lacking control arms. Additional data are needed to explore potential switching risks in various populations and scenarios.
Successful single‐stage laparoscopic surgery using a preoperative self‐expanding metallic stent in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer
Authors: Hosono Masayoshi , Matsuda Takeru , Yamashita Kimihiro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Yamamoto Masashi , Kanaji Shingo , Oshikiri Taro , Nakamura Tetsu , Sumi Yasuo , Suzuki Satoshi , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionAlthough a self‐expanding metallic stent (SEMS) or a transnasal or transanal decompression tube is sometimes used as a bridge to surgery in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer, the optimal decompression procedure to achieve successful laparoscopic surgery remains unclear.MethodsForty‐two patients with obstructive colorectal cancer who were preoperatively decompressed by using SEMS (the SEMS group, n = 20) or a decompression tube (the DT group, n = 22) between January 2010 and February 2017 were included in this retrospective study.ResultsIn the SEMS group, 20 patients (100%) were able to eat and 17 patients (85%) were able to undergo total colonoscopy preoperatively, but no patients could do so in the DT group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). The serum albumin level increased in the time between admission and just before surgery in five patients in the SEMS groups (25%), whereas it decreased in all patients in the DT group (P = 0.037). Laparoscopic surgery was performed more frequently in the SEMS groups (19 patients, 95%) than in the DT group (13 patients, 59.1%) (P = 0.018). Primary anastomosis without stoma was also achieved more frequently in the SEMS groups (19 patients, 95%) than in the DT group (15 patients, 68.2%) (P = 0.047). Anastomotic leakage did not occur in the SEMS group, but it did occur in one patient in the DT group. The recurrence‐free survival rate did not differ between the groups (median follow‐up period: 21 months).ConclusionIn patients with obstructive colorectal cancer, SEMS appears to be more effective than a decompression tube as a preoperative treatment to achieve successful laparoscopic resection without stoma.
The influences of age, gender and geometric pattern of visual image on the verticality perception: A subjective visual vertical (SVV) study among Malaysian adults
Authors: Zakaria Mohd Normani , Salim Rosdan , Tahir Adnan , Zainun Zuraida , Mohd Sakeri Nurul Syarida 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesSubjective visual vertical (SVV) is a simple, quick and reliable test for measuring utricular function. The literature on the effects of fundamental demographic variables such as age and gender on SVV is inconclusive and should be supported by research with larger samples. The aim of the present study was to determine the influences of age, gender and geometric pattern of visual image on SVV among healthy adults.Study DesignThis study employed a repeated measures design.SettingsOtorhinolaryngology Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.ParticipantsEligible Malaysian adults (N = 187, aged 21‐75 years) were recruited and categorised into young (N = 60), middle‐aged (N = 66) and older (N = 61) groups. Most of them were Malay, and 51.3% were men.Main Outcome MeasuresSubjective visual vertical angles (in degrees) were determined from each participant in a static upright condition using a computerised SVV device. They were asked to indicate their verticality perception for three types of visual images (solid line, dotted line and arrow pattern).ResultsThree‐way mixed ANOVA revealed insignificant influences of age and gender on SVV results (P > 0.05). In contrast, mean SVV angles were significantly higher for the arrow pattern than for other visual images (P = 0.004).ConclusionWhile the insignificant influences of age and gender on static SVV are further ascertained with larger samples, the perception of verticality is less accurate when aligning a more geometrically complex visual image (ie, arrow pattern). Further SVV research on vestibular‐disordered patients is beneficial, particularly to verify the normative data obtained with this complex visual image.
Design of skin islands for a myocutaneous serratus anterior free flap—An anatomical study and clinical implication for pharyngeal reconstruction after laryngopharyngectomy
Authors: Janik Stefan J. , Paraszti István , Hirtler Lena , Seemann Rudolf , Traxler Hannes , Weninger Wolfgang , Erovic Boban M. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesThe main purpose of this study was to evaluate flap size and flap design of skin islands in myocutaneous serratus anterior free flaps (SAFFs) in fresh cadavers and to further investigate whether myocutaneous SAFFs are suitable flaps for pharyngeal reconstruction after laryngopharyngectomy.MethodsDissection and injection of methylene blue were performed in 20 hemithoraces of 13 fresh cadavers to evaluate flap size and location of skin islands. Based on these pre‐clinical data, we performed pharyngeal reconstruction with myocutaneous SAFF in five patients after laryngopharyngectomy.ResultsPerfused skin paddles were found in all specimens with a mean size of perfused skin islands of 85.6 ± 49.8 cm2. Lengths and widths of skin islands ranged from 10‐21 cm and 6‐20.5 cm respectively. Flap size did not significantly differ between males and females (P = 0.998), left compared to right hemithoraces (P = 0.468) and between paired specimens (P = 0.915). All skin islands were found within the upper 29.3%‐51.7% of hemithorax (calculated from axilla to costal arch), and between latissimus dorsi muscle posteriorly and anterior axillary line anteriorly. Accordingly, myocutaneous SAFFs were used for pharyngeal reconstruction after laryngopharyngectomy in five patients with advanced hypopharyngeal carcinomas. Three patients had uneventful courses, while one patient developed immediate intraoperative flap loss and another patient developed partial necrosis of SAFF on postoperative day 7.ConclusionSkin islands of SAFF have reliable blood supply, which allow harvest of large myocutaneous SAFFs that can be used also for pharyngeal reconstruction after laryngopharyngectomy.
Treatment of anal fissure: a survey of surgical practice in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Siddiqui J. , Fowler G. E. , Zahid A. , Brown K. , Young C. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimThe aim was to determine whether or not the clinical management of anal fissure in Australia and New Zealand accords with published guidelines.MethodsA comprehensive survey based on common clinical scenarios was distributed to 206 colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand.ResultsThe response rate was 44% (91 surgeons). For 19 topic areas, only seven (37%) reached consensus (defined as > 70% majority opinion). Of these, six (86%) agreed with guideline recommendations. Twelve (63%) topic areas demonstrated community equipoise (defined as less than or equal to 70% majority opinion), of which five (42%) agreed with guideline recommendations and seven (58%) disagreed with guidelines. Of the seven topics that disagreed with guidelines, three were based on moderate quality evidence (first line management of acute anal fissure in a young patient, fissure healing and faecal incontinence rates following anocutaneous flap) and four were based on low quality evidence (length of sphincter division during a lateral sphincterotomy in women, management of chronic low‐pressure anal fissures postpartum, fissure healing rate following anoplasty with botulinum toxin or sphincterotomy and faecal incontinence rates following repeat sphincterotomy for recurrence). Consensus and/or agreement with guidelines were more prevalent in management when medical therapy failed.ConclusionWhile areas of consensus mostly agreed with guideline recommendations, there remain many areas of community equipoise which warrant further research.
Development of hand function during the first year of life in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Sakzewski Leanne , Sicola Elisa , Verhage Cornelia H , Sgandurra Giuseppina , Eliasson Ann‐Christin 
Published: November 2018

AimTo identify developmental trajectories of hand function in infants aged 3 months to 12 months with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).MethodInfants at high risk of unilateral CP were recruited from 3 months of age from follow‐up programmes and clinics in Sweden, the Netherlands, Italy, and Australia. Measurements on the Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI) were completed until 12 months of age. Group‐based trajectory modelling was used to identify subgroups of infants with similar trajectories of development. Multinomial logistic regression determined associations between demographic variables and trajectory membership.ResultsNinety‐seven infants (52 males, 45 females; median gestational age 38wks [interquartile range 30–40wks]) were included. Infants were assessed between two and seven times (mean 4, SD 1.2) with a total of 387 observations. A three‐group trajectory model identified a ‘low‐functioning group’ (n=45: 46%), ‘moderate‐functioning group’ (n=30: 31%), and ‘high‐functioning group’ (n=22: 23%). Mean posterior probabilities (0.91–0.96) and odds of correct classification (26.3–33.2) indicated good model fit. Type of brain lesion, sex, side of hemiplegia, country, gestational age, and access to intensive intervention were not associated with group membership.InterpretationThree trajectories of hand function development for infants with unilateral CP were identified and indicate some greater distinctions between groups with increasing age. The HAI is a valuable measure, capturing development of hand function of infants with unilateral CP over time.What this paper adds

Three distinct developmental trajectories of hand function in infants with unilateral cerebral palsy were identified.

A low‐functioning group made little progress in development of hand function in the first year of life.

The degree of impairment on the impaired hand at 6 months of age is highly associated with trajectory membership.

Infants with all types of brain lesion were represented across each trajectory group.
Influence of mildly and moderately elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure on post‐renal transplantation survival and graft function
Authors: Wang Stephani C. , Garcia Rachel , Torosoff Mikhail , Fein Steven A. , Ashar Ata , Chandolias Nikolaos , Conti David , Lyubarova Radmila 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundSevere pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been associated with decreased post–kidney transplant survival and increased rate of long‐term cardiovascular complications. Despite a high prevalence of PH in patients with end‐stage renal disease, data on post‐transplant renal allograft survival in recipients with pre‐existing mild‐to‐moderate PH are limited.MethodsThe single‐center retrospective study cohort consisted of 192 consecutive (2008–2015) renal transplant recipients with documented pretransplantation transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). Mean age was 50.9 ± 12.4 years, 36.5% were females, and 81.25% were Caucasians.ResultsElevated PASP ≥ 37 mm Hg was present in 51 patients. Elevated PASP was more common in patients with decreased <50% left ventricular ejection fraction (13.73% vs 3.55%, P = 0.010); otherwise, there were no significant differences in baseline demographic (age, ethnicity, gender, and donor status) and clinical parameters between patients with normal and elevated PASP. Four‐year mortality (5.7%) was not significantly affected by elevated PASP. However, elevated PASP was associated with significantly decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 1 year (52.26 vs 60.13 mL/min, P = 0.019) and 2 years (51.04 vs 60.28 mL/min, P = 0.006) post‐transplant.ConclusionMild and moderately elevated pre–kidney transplant PASP does not affect 4‐year post‐transplant mortality or graft loss. However, elevated pretransplant PASP is significantly associated with decreased 1 year and 2 years post‐transplant eGFR. Preoperative echocardiographic evaluation for PH may be useful in predicting the probability of short‐term renal graft and long‐term graft dysfunction in these patients.