bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Session 3: Boosting primary and recurrent rectal cancer: how far can we push the radiotherapy envelope?
Authors: Balyasnikova S. , Vuong T. , Wale A. , Chong I. , Rutten H. , Brown G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeoadjuvant pelvic radiotherapy is widely used for patients with advanced rectal cancer. The trade‐off between dose and response is well‐established, yet little consensus remains on the precise methods of delivery and doses given in different scenarios. Professor Vuong reviews the evidence base and trial evidence on the escalation of radiotherapy dose and the methods of achieving this.
Six‐minute walk test: a tool for predicting maximal aerobic power (VO2 max) in healthy adults
Authors: Mänttäri Ari , Suni Jaana , Sievänen Harri , Husu Pauliina , Vähä‐Ypyä Henri , Valkeinen Heli , Tokola Kari , Vasankari Tommi 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe 6‐min walk test (6MWT) is cost‐effective and well‐documented field test for assessing functional exercise capacity and response to medical interventions in diverse patient groups, and predicting cardiorespiratory fitness among healthy people.ObjectiveAssessments of cardiorespiratory fitness in terms of maximal aerobic power (VO2max) have great potential in public health monitoring to predict future health, early retirement and ability to independent living. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for VO2max based on 6MWT results among healthy adults.DesignThe study comprised of pilot and validation studies. In validation study, seventy‐five 19‐ to 75‐year‐old adults (39 men, 36 women) were equipped with portable gas analyser and heart rate monitor. Participants performed 6MWT on a 15‐m indoor track and maximal graded exercise test (GXT) on a treadmill. We evaluated performance of the developed prediction model among 1583 Finnish adults.ResultsParticipant's mean walking distance was 652 m (SD ± 74). Their mean VO2max in GXT and O2 uptake at the end of the 6MWT were 34·4 ml kg−1min−1 (SD ± 7·6) and 27·2 ml kg−1min−1 (SD ± 6·5), respectively. For men, the best predictors for VO2max were walking distance, age, BMI, heart rate at the end of 6MWT and height, and for women, walking distance, age and weight. The predictors explained 82% and 79% of men's and women's measured VO2max with the standard error of estimate of 3·6 ml kg−1min−1 and 3·5 ml kg−1min−1, respectively.ConclusionThe 6MWT performed along a 15‐m track is a valid field test for predicting VO2max of healthy adults with accuracy of about 1MET.
873. ECHIUM NERVOSUM
Authors: Carvalho Jose A. , Rico Lourdes , Santos‐Guerra Arnoldo , Duarte Maria C. , Romeiras Maria M. , Francisco‐Ortega Javier 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe Madeiran endemic Echium nervosum W.T. Aiton is illustrated based on plants grown at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its ecology; phylogenetic and taxonomic placement, and conservation status are discussed. Twenty‐nine species of Echium are endemic to the Macaronesian Islands and they represent one of the most spectacular and best known examples of adaptive radiation on oceanic islands.
Are there differences in individual‐level needle and syringe coverage across Australian jurisdictions related to program policy? A preliminary analysis
Authors: Hill Penelope , O'Keefe Daniel , Dietze Paul M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsServices provided by needle and syringe programs (NSP) within Australia are easily accessible by international standards. However, important variation in NSP policy remains across Australian jurisdictions. The potential impacts of these variations on program operation for clients have not been systematically analysed in Australia. In this paper we conduct a preliminary examination to compare individual‐level syringe coverage between and within Australian capital cities.Design and MethodsParticipants were 2498 people who inject drugs (PWID) recruited from all Australian capital cities as part of the annual Illicit Drug Reporting System PWID survey over the period 2014–2016. Insufficient coverage was defined when <100% of a participant's injecting episodes were ‘covered’ by sterile needles and syringes. We report the percentage of insufficient coverage for each capital city for each year, and present descriptive statistics for coverage parameters, and an alternative measure for insufficient coverage, as Supporting Information.ResultsDifferences in behaviours that have the potential to impact syringe coverage were highly variable over time and place leading to variations in levels of insufficient coverage between and within all cities. Overall, insufficient coverage was most evident in larger cities where insufficient coverage varied between 19% and 23% (Sydney) over time, compared to smaller cities with variation from 9% to 12% (Adelaide).Discussion and ConclusionsWe found no consistent pattern of differences in individual‐level needle and syringe coverage between and within Australian capital cities. Further work is needed to fully evaluate whether policy variation between Australian jurisdictions impacts on NSP coverage.
Groundworks for a Pedagogy of Evolutionary Love Ethics: Archetypes of Moral Imagination in the Pragmatisms of Peirce and Addams
Authors: Moses Russell G. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIn this essay, Russell G. Moses argues that Charles Sanders Peirce's article “Evolutionary Love” establishes a general normative framework for a logic of evolutionary, progressive imagination that can be used to elucidate an evolutionary continuity between the normative works of Jane Addams, John Dewey, and Alain Locke. This exercise contributes to an understanding of pragmatism as a philosophy that seizes insights from evolution in order to normatively reconstruct dynamic meanings of truth, reality, ethics, politics, and art. In a dynamic model of progressive evolution — one homologous to the Golden Rule of “love your neighbor” — we find a normative cosmology that animates the moral imagination of philosophy toward what Addams called “democracy and social ethics.” Moses concludes that in the Peircean model, together with subsequent developments, we may ultimately apprehend that evolution suggests a general form of development that may be hypothesized as a worthy normative guide for universal progressive education.
Minimising noise disturbance during ground shooting of pest animals through the use of a muzzle blast suppressor/silencer
Authors: Williams Warwick , McSorley Adam , Hunt Rob , Eccles Grant 
Published: May 2018

SummaryLethal control of vertebrate animals through the use of firearms is a component of land management in Australia. The reduction in muzzle blast noise in the area surrounding the shooter provides the opportunity to decrease disturbance of nontargeted animals and nearby humans. This study identifies the reduction in environmental noise footprint provided by suppressor use. This suggests that the use of a suppressor to reduce noise from the muzzle blast may increase operational effectiveness of ground shooting while minimising adverse environmental effects.
Engagement in Racial Socialization Among Transracial Adoptive Families With White Parents
Authors: Hrapczynski Katie M. , Leslie Leigh A. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo identify predictors of White transracial adoptive parents' engagement in racial socialization with their adopted minority adolescents.BackgroundRacial socialization provides many benefits to racial minority youth, yet not all White parents who adopt transracially engage in this practice. Therefore, it is of value to examine factors that may predict the extent of transracial adoptive parents' engagement in racial socialization, including both cultural socialization and preparation for bias.MethodA convenience sample of 80 transracial adoptive parents were recruited to participate in an online survey designed to assess their color‐blind attitudes, multicultural experiences, and racial socialization.ResultsLinear regression analyses revealed that parents interacting more frequently with ethnic minorities and endorsing less color‐blind attitudes were more likely to expose their child to their cultural heritage. Past multicultural experience was associated with preparing their children for discrimination. Follow‐up analysis revealed that parents with greater awareness of institutional racism were more likely to engage in preparation for bias.ConclusionOur findings suggest that transracial adoptive parents' level of interaction with people of different races and their attitudes about race are important predictors of their racial socialization.ImplicationsAdoption professionals can promote a family environment conducive to meeting the needs of transracial adoptees by encouraging parents to engage with people of races other than their own and challenging their color‐blind attitudes.
The Interface of Maternal Cognitions and Executive Function in Parenting and Child Conduct Problems
Authors: Crandall AliceAnn , Ghazarian Sharon R. , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Bell Martha Ann , Riley Anne W. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo explore the direct and indirect associations of maternal emotion control, executive functioning, and social cognitions with harsh verbal parenting and child behavior and to do so guided by social information processing theory.BackgroundStudies have demonstrated a relationship between maternal harsh parenting and increased child conduct problems. However, less is known about how maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities and social cognitions intersect with harsh parenting and child behavior.MethodStructural equation modeling was used with a convenience sample of 152 mothers from Appalachia who had a child between 3 and 7 years of age.ResultsMaternal emotion control and executive functioning were both inversely associated with child conduct problems. That is, stronger maternal emotion control was associated with less harsh verbal parenting and lower hostile attribution bias, and higher maternal executive functioning was related to less controlling parenting attitudes.ConclusionThe results suggest maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities affect how mothers interact with their children and ultimately child conduct problems.ImplicationsTo more effectively reduce harsh verbal parenting and child conduct problems, interventions should help mothers to improve their emotion and cognitive control capacities.
Environmental factors influencing the reproduction of an estuarine penaeid population and implications for management
Authors: Crisp J. A. , Loneragan N. R. , Tweedley J. R. , D’Souza F. M. L. , Poh B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study determined environmental factors influencing the reproductive dynamics of a recreationally fished penaeid Metapenaeus dalli Racek in the Swan–Canning Estuary, south‐western Australia, during a restocking programme. Prawns were collected from nearshore (<2 m deep) and offshore waters (>2 m deep) every lunar month from October 2013 to March 2016. Reproduction occurred between November and March, when water temperature was >17°C, salinity >25 and stratification (bottom–surface salinity) <3. Densities of gravid M. dalli were highest in November of each year when 0+ females matured (19 mm; ~56% asymptotic length) and were highest in the Lower Canning Estuary. Individual fecundity ranged from 34,000 (18.1 mm carapace length [CL]) to 132,000 ova (27.1 mm CL). Egg production peaked in December/January and differed among years, being greatest in 2015/2016. These results suggest that closing fishing between November and December would protect breeding aggregations of M. dalli in inshore waters.
Dominance–diversity relationships in ant communities differ with invasion
Authors: Arnan Xavier , Andersen Alan N. , Gibb Heloise , Parr Catherine L. , Sanders Nathan J. , Dunn Robert R. , Angulo Elena , Baccaro Fabricio B. , Bishop Tom R. , Boulay Raphaël , Castracani Cristina , Cerdá Xim , Toro Israel Del , Delsinne Thibaut , Donoso David A. , Elten Emilie K. , Fayle Tom M. , Fitzpatrick Matthew C. , Gómez Crisanto , Grasso Donato A. , Grossman Blair F. , Guénard Benoit , Gunawardene Nihara , Heterick Brian , Hoffmann Benjamin D. , Janda Milan , Jenkins Clinton N. , Klimes Petr , Lach Lori , Laeger Thomas , Leponce Maurice , Lucky Andrea , Majer Jonathan , Menke Sean , Mezger Dirk , Mori Alessandra , Moses Jimmy , Munyai Thinandavha Caswell , Paknia Omid , Pfeiffer Martin , Philpott Stacy M. , Souza Jorge L.P. , Tista Melanie , Vasconcelos Heraldo L. , Retana Javier 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe relationship between levels of dominance and species richness is highly contentious, especially in ant communities. The dominance‐impoverishment rule states that high levels of dominance only occur in species‐poor communities, but there appear to be many cases of high levels of dominance in highly diverse communities. The extent to which dominant species limit local richness through competitive exclusion remains unclear, but such exclusion appears more apparent for non‐native rather than native dominant species. Here we perform the first global analysis of the relationship between behavioral dominance and species richness. We used data from 1,293 local assemblages of ground‐dwelling ants distributed across five continents to document the generality of the dominance‐impoverishment rule, and to identify the biotic and abiotic conditions under which it does and does not apply. We found that the behavioral dominance–diversity relationship varies greatly, and depends on whether dominant species are native or non‐native, whether dominance is considered as occurrence or relative abundance, and on variation in mean annual temperature. There were declines in diversity with increasing dominance in invaded communities, but diversity increased with increasing dominance in native communities. These patterns occur along the global temperature gradient. However, positive and negative relationships are strongest in the hottest sites. We also found that climate regulates the degree of behavioral dominance, but differently from how it shapes species richness. Our findings imply that, despite strong competitive interactions among ants, competitive exclusion is not a major driver of local richness in native ant communities. Although the dominance‐impoverishment rule applies to invaded communities, we propose an alternative dominance‐diversification rule for native communities.
Optimizing bleed prevention throughout the lifespan: Womb to Tomb
Authors: Gupta S. , Shapiro A. D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe focus of care providers, patients and families is the ability to tailor care for persons with haemophilia (PWH) across the lifespan. Care requires knowledge of the bleeding disorder and age‐related complications, risk of therapeutic interventions, and evaluation of individual characteristics that contribute to outcomes. The ultimate goal is to live a normal life without the burden of bleeding, for PWH and carriers. A wide range of therapeutic options is required to achieve personalized care. Over the last decade, substantial therapeutic advantages have been achieved in the treatment of haemophilia that include the development of a robust array of factor concentrates, novel haemostatic agents, and increased knowledge and awareness of disease associated outcomes and risk factors. Significant strides on the road to accessible gene therapy have been realized. This increased range of therapeutic modalities provides options for development and implementation of care plans for each patient at each stage of life that are more flexible compared to prior care regimens. Paradigms for management of haemophilia are changing. As a community, we must work together to use these resources wisely, to learn from outcomes with new therapies and diagnostic tools, to assure all patients can achieve improved care and outcomes regardless of disease state or country of origin.
Past, present and future of haemophilia gene therapy: From vectors and transgenes to known and unknown outcomes
Authors: Pierce G. F. , Iorio A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSince the 1960s, the pace of innovation in haemophilia treatment has been fast and furious and occasionally with unintended consequences. As newer technologies are harnessed to better treat, and potentially cure, haemophilias A and B, an understanding of their underlying scientific principles and their benefits and risks are essential for all stakeholders. This review summarizes the starts and stops of introducing FVIII and FIX transgenes clinically, beginning 20 years ago. Lessons from earlier nonclinical and clinical experiments have been utilized to improve vector selection, vector design, promoter/enhancer cis control regions and codon‐optimized transgenes to trigger in vivo clinical FVIII and FIX levels in the near‐normal to normal ranges. Many known and unknown questions remain, and some, based upon benefit and risk, should be answered during larger phase 3 clinical trials. Prior clinical outcomes in haemophilia trials have not been standardized, making between‐trial comparisons difficult. Going forward, haemophilia gene therapy clinical trials should utilize a standard set of core outcomes, to facilitate comparisons to other gene‐ and protein‐based therapies. These outcomes will be more important as the field moves beyond the first‐generation gene therapies into more complex vectors that may address the shortcomings of first‐generation vectors and offer greater benefits to the patient.
A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Erenumab on Exercise Time During a Treadmill Test in Patients With Stable Angina
Authors: Depre Christophe , Antalik Lubomir , Starling Amaal , Koren Michael , Eisele Osaro , Lenz Robert A. , Mikol Daniel D. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the potential impact of erenumab, a human anti‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor monoclonal antibody, on total exercise time (TET), time to exercise‐induced angina, and ST depression in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in patients with stable angina due to documented coronary artery disease.BackgroundThe relative importance of the CGRP receptor pathway during myocardial ischemia has not been established.MethodsAn exercise treadmill test was conducted following a single IV infusion of erenumab 140 mg or placebo. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in exercise duration as measured by TET with a noninferiority margin of −90 seconds. Safety follow‐up visits occurred through week 12. Eighty‐eight participants were included in the analysis.ResultsLS mean (SE) change in TET was −2.9 [14.8] seconds in the erenumab group and 8.1 [14.4] seconds in placebo; adjusted mean (90% CI) treatment difference was −11.0 (–44.9, 22.9) seconds. The CI lower bound (–44.9 sec) did not reach pre‐defined non‐inferiority margin of −90 seconds, demonstrating that TET change from baseline in the erenumab group was non‐inferior to placebo. There was no difference in time to exercise‐induced angina in erenumab and placebo groups (median [90% CI] time of 500 [420, 540] vs 508 [405, 572] seconds; hazard ratio [90% CI]: 1.11 [0.73, 1.69], P = .69) or time to onset of ≥1 mm ST‐segment depression (median [90% CI] time of 407 [380, 443] vs 420 [409,480] seconds; hazard ratio [95% CI]: 1.14 [0.76, 1.69], P = .59). Adverse events were reported by 27% and 32% of patients in erenumab and placebo groups.ConclusionsErenumab did not adversely affect exercise time in a high cardiovascular risk population of patients, supporting that inhibition of the canonical CGRP receptor does not worsen myocardial ischemia.
Headache and Ophthalmoparesis: Case Report of an “Atypical” Incomplete Miller–Fisher Syndrome
Authors: Moreno‐Ajona David , Irimia Pablo , Fernández‐Matarrubia Marta 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo expand the differential diagnosis of headache and ophthalmoparesis by describing a case report in which anti‐GQ1b was demonstrated to be the cause.BackgroundAnti‐GQ1b antibody syndrome refers to a clinical spectrum of conditions that share common mechanisms and overlapping manifestations, including the Miller–Fisher syndrome, pharyngeal‐cervical‐brachial weakness, and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis. Rare atypical cases presenting as acute ophthalmoparesis (AO) without ataxia or areflexia have been described. Headache is a rare condition in these disorders.MethodsA 49‐year‐old woman with no history of headaches began experiencing an acute severe bilateral throbbing headache associated with nausea and photophobia. Five days later, she developed constant binocular horizontal diplopia.ResultsBilateral paresis of both sixth nerves was noted. Her ocular fundi, tendon reflexes, and other findings of the physical exam were normal. In addition, both a brain MRI performed with gadolinium and a lumbar puncture yielded normal results. Serum anti‐GQ1b IgG was found to be positive. Her symptoms resolved completely following treatment with immunoglobulins (0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days).ConclusionsThis is the first reported case of AO related to anti‐GQ1b antibodies presenting with headache as its initial symptom. The presence of anti‐GQ1b antibodies should be determined in patients with headache and AO of unknown origin. Immunoglobulins could hasten the resolution of symptoms in these patients.
Working experiences of nurses during the Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak
Authors: Kang Hee Sun , Son Ye Dong , Chae Sun‐Mi , Corte Colleen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsTo explore working experiences of nurses during Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak.BackgroundSince the first case of Middle East respiratory syndrome was reported on May 20, 2015 in South Korea, 186 people, including health care workers, were infected, and 36 died.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsSeven focus groups and 3 individual in‐depth interviews were conducted from August to December 2015. Content analysis was used.ResultsThe following 4 major themes emerged: “experiencing burnout owing to the heavy workload,” “relying on personal protective equipment for safety,” “being busy with catching up with the new guidelines related to Middle East respiratory syndrome,” and “caring for suspected or infected patients with caution.” Participants experienced burnout because of the high volume of work and expressed safety concerns about being infected. Unclear and frequently changing guidelines were 1 of the common causes of confusion. Participants expressed that they need to be supported while caring for suspected or infected patients.ConclusionThis study showed that creating a supportive and safe work environment is essential by ensuring adequate nurse staffing, supplying best‐quality personal protective equipment, and improving communication to provide the quality of care during infection outbreak.