bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Air Pollution Modeling
Authors: Benarie Michel M. 
Published: March 2019

This book brings together the methods, models and formulae used for estimating air pollution concentrations in urban areas. From the Foreword
The visible effects of pollution in most cities in the developed countries have been reduced dramatically in the past thirty years. This has been achieved to a large extent by the replacement of most of the low-level sources, which burnt raw coal, by more modern appliances using gas, electricity or low-sulphur oil. The killer smog of 1952 could not be repeated unless there were to be a massive return to old-fashioned heating methods, due, for example, to excessive environmental constraints being applied to the more modern energy sources. It is important, therefore, to judge the impact of a new source in terms of its effect on the pattern of existing sources. One should also consider the environmental consequences of rejecting the new installation and examine the alternatives—that its product may either be denied to the community at large, produced elsewhere or produced using existing facilities. These facilities are probably less efficient and may therefore produce more pollution per unit of product than the new plant would. An objective, quantitative, urban-air-pollution model is clearly an essential component in such a decision-making process. Dr. Benarie has produced a distillation of existing modelling techniques which will, I hope, become the launching pad for many future models. As each city is unique, it will need its own tailor-made model, drawing on the best and the most appropriate techniques developed previously. Agreement with observations is the only real test of validity, because the physics and chemistry are so complicated that theoretical arguments are reduced to the role of assisting in the best formulation of the problem. Numerical precision must always rely on measurement. This is the approach that Dr. Benarie has adopted.—David J. Moore, Central Electricity Research Laboratires, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK
Workflow Patterns
Authors: Russell Nick , van der Aalst Wil M.P. , ter Hofstede Arthur H. M. 
Published: March 2019

A comprehensive guide to well-known workflow patterns: recurrent, generic business process constructs, described from the control-flow, data, and resource perspectives.
The study of business processes has emerged as a highly effective approach to coordinating an organization's complex service- and knowledge-based activities. The growing field of business process management (BPM) focuses on methods and tools for designing, enacting, and analyzing business processes. This volume offers a definitive guide to the use of patterns, which synthesize the wide range of approaches to modeling business processes. It provides a unique and comprehensive introduction to the well-known workflow patterns collection—recurrent, generic constructs describing common business process modeling and execution scenarios, presented in the form of problem-solution dialectics. The underlying principles of the patterns approach ensure that they are independent of any specific enabling technology, representational formalism, or modeling approach, and thus broadly applicable across the business process modeling and business process technology domains.
The authors, drawing on extensive research done by the Workflow Patterns Initiative, offer a detailed introduction to the fundamentals of business process modeling and management; describe three major pattern catalogs, presented from control-flow, data, and resource perspectives; and survey related BPM patterns. The book, a companion to the authoritative Workflow Patterns website, will be an essential resource for both academics and practitioners working in business process modeling and business process management.
Knowledge Machines
Authors: Meyer Eric T. , Schroeder Ralph 
Published: March 2019

An examination of the ways that digital and networked technologies have fundamentally changed research practices in disciplines from astronomy to literary analysis.
In Knowledge Machines, Eric Meyer and Ralph Schroeder argue that digital technologies have fundamentally changed research practices in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Meyer and Schroeder show that digital tools and data, used collectively and in distributed mode—which they term e-research—have transformed not just the consumption of knowledge but also the production of knowledge. Digital technologies for research are reshaping how knowledge advances in disciplines that range from physics to literary analysis.
Meyer and Schroeder map the rise of digital research and offer case studies from many fields, including biomedicine, social science uses of the Web, astronomy, and large-scale textual analysis in the humanities. They consider such topics as the challenges of sharing research data and of big data approaches, disciplinary differences and new forms of interdisciplinary collaboration, the shifting boundaries between researchers and their publics, and the ways that digital tools promote openness in science.
This book considers the transformations of research from a number of perspectives, drawing especially on the sociology of science and technology and social informatics. It shows that the use of digital tools and data is not just a technical issue; it affects research practices, collaboration models, publishing choices, and even the kinds of research and research questions scholars choose to pursue. Knowledge Machines examines the nature and implications of these transformations for scholarly research.
Values at Play in Digital Games
Authors: Flanagan Mary , Nissenbaum Helen 
Published: March 2019

A theoretical and practical guide to integrating human values into the conception and design of digital games.
All games express and embody human values, providing a compelling arena in which we play out beliefs and ideas. “Big ideas” such as justice, equity, honesty, and cooperation—as well as other kinds of ideas, including violence, exploitation, and greed—may emerge in games whether designers intend them or not. In this book, Mary Flanagan and Helen Nissenbaum present Values at Play, a theoretical and practical framework for identifying socially recognized moral and political values in digital games. Values at Play can also serve as a guide to designers who seek to implement values in the conception and design of their games.
After developing a theoretical foundation for their proposal, Flanagan and Nissenbaum provide detailed examinations of selected games, demonstrating the many ways in which values are embedded in them. They introduce the Values at Play heuristic, a systematic approach for incorporating values into the game design process. Interspersed among the book's chapters are texts by designers who have put Values at Play into practice by accepting values as a design constraint like any other, offering a real-world perspective on the design challenges involved.
Children with Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. 
Published: March 2019

The landmark reference in the field, completely updated: a comprehensive treatment of a disorder that is more prevalent than autism.
Children with specific language impairment (SLI) show a significant deficit in spoken language that cannot be attributed to neurological damage, hearing impairment, or intellectual disability. More prevalent than autism and at least as prevalent as dyslexia, SLI affects approximately seven percent of all children; it is longstanding, with adverse effects on academic, social, and (eventually) economic standing. The first edition of this work established Children with Specific Language Impairment as the landmark reference on this condition, considering not only the disorder's history, possible origins, and treatment but also what SLI might tell us about language organization and development in general. This second edition offers a complete update of the earlier volume.
Much of the second edition is completely new, reflecting findings and interpretations based on the hundreds of studies that have appeared since the publication of the first edition in 1997. Topics include linguistic details (descriptive and theoretical), word and sentence processing findings, genetics, neurobiology, treatment, and comparisons to such conditions as autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, and dyslexia. The book covers SLI in children who speak a wide range of languages, and, although the emphasis is on children, it also includes studies of adults who were diagnosed with SLI as children or are the parents of children with SLI.
Written by a leading scholar in the field, Children with Specific Language Impairment offers the most comprehensive, balanced, and unified treatment of SLI available.
Bradford Books imprint
Networking Peripheries
Authors: Chan Anita Say 
Published: March 2019

An exploration of the diverse experiments in digital futures as they advance far from the celebrated centers of technological innovation and entrepreneurship.
In Networking Peripheries, Anita Chan shows how digital cultures flourish beyond Silicon Valley and other celebrated centers of technological innovation and entrepreneurship. The evolving digital cultures in the Global South vividly demonstrate that there are more ways than one to imagine what digital practice and global connection could look like. To explore these alternative developments, Chan investigates the diverse initiatives being undertaken to “network” the nation in contemporary Peru, from attempts to promote the intellectual property of indigenous artisans to the national distribution of digital education technologies to open technology activism in rural and urban zones.
Drawing on ethnographic accounts from government planners, regional free-software advocates, traditional artisans, rural educators, and others, Chan demonstrates how such developments unsettle dominant conceptions of information classes and innovations zones. Government efforts to turn rural artisans into a new creative class progress alongside technology activists' efforts to promote indigenous rights through information tactics; plans pressing for the state wide adoption of open source–based technologies advance while the One Laptop Per Child initiative aims to network rural classrooms by distributing laptops. As these cases show, the digital cultures and network politics emerging on the periphery do more than replicate the technological future imagined as universal from the center.
Humanity Enhanced
Authors: Blackford Russell 
Published: March 2019

An argument that modern liberal democracies should tolerate human enhancement technologies, answering key objections by critics of these practices.
Emerging biotechnologies that manipulate human genetic material have drawn a chorus of objections from politicians, pundits, and scholars. In Humanity Enhanced, Russell Blackford eschews the heated rhetoric that surrounds genetic enhancement technologies to examine them in the context of liberal thought, discussing the public policy issues they raise from legal and political perspectives. Some see the possibility of genetic choice as challenging the values of liberal democracy. Blackford argues that the challenge is not, as commonly supposed, the urgent need for a strict regulatory action. Rather, the challenge is that fear of these technologies has created an atmosphere in which liberal tolerance itself is threatened.
Focusing on reproductive cloning, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis of embryos, and genetic engineering, Blackford takes on objections to enhancement technologies (raised by Jürgen Habermas and others) based on such concerns as individual autonomy and distributive justice. He argues that some enhancements would be genuinely beneficial, and that it would be justified in some circumstances even to exert pressure on parents to undertake genetic modification of embryos. Blackford argues against draconian suppression of human enhancement, although he acknowledges that some specific and limited regulation may be required in the future. More generally, he argues, liberal democracies would demonstrate liberal values by tolerating and accepting the emerging technologies of genetic choice.
Analyzing Neural Time Series Data
Authors: Cohen Mike X 
Published: March 2019

A comprehensive guide to the conceptual, mathematical, and implementational aspects of analyzing electrical brain signals, including data from MEG, EEG, and LFP recordings.
This book offers a comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of analyzing electrical brain signals. It explains the conceptual, mathematical, and implementational (via Matlab programming) aspects of time-, time-frequency- and synchronization-based analyses of magnetoencephalography (MEG), electroencephalography (EEG), and local field potential (LFP) recordings from humans and nonhuman animals. It is the only book on the topic that covers both the theoretical background and the implementation in language that can be understood by readers without extensive formal training in mathematics, including cognitive scientists, neuroscientists, and psychologists.
Readers who go through the book chapter by chapter and implement the examples in Matlab will develop an understanding of why and how analyses are performed, how to interpret results, what the methodological issues are, and how to perform single-subject-level and group-level analyses. Researchers who are familiar with using automated programs to perform advanced analyses will learn what happens when they click the “analyze now” button.
The book provides sample data and downloadable Matlab code. Each of the 38 chapters covers one analysis topic, and these topics progress from simple to advanced. Most chapters conclude with exercises that further develop the material covered in the chapter. Many of the methods presented (including convolution, the Fourier transform, and Euler's formula) are fundamental and form the groundwork for other advanced data analysis methods. Readers who master the methods in the book will be well prepared to learn other approaches.
The Geometry of Meaning
Authors: Gärdenfors Peter 
Published: March 2019

A novel cognitive theory of semantics that proposes that the meanings of words can be described in terms of geometric structures.
In The Geometry of Meaning, Peter Gärdenfors proposes a theory of semantics that bridges cognitive science and linguistics and shows how theories of cognitive processes, in particular concept formation, can be exploited in a general semantic model. He argues that our minds organize the information involved in communicative acts in a format that can be modeled in geometric or topological terms—in what he terms conceptual spaces, extending the theory he presented in an earlier book by that name.
Many semantic theories consider the meanings of words as relatively stable and independent of the communicative context. Gärdenfors focuses instead on how various forms of communication establish a system of meanings that becomes shared between interlocutors. He argues that these “meetings of mind” depend on the underlying geometric structures, and that these structures facilitate language learning. Turning to lexical semantics, Gärdenfors argues that a unified theory of word meaning can be developed by using conceptual spaces. He shows that the meaning of different word classes can be given a cognitive grounding, and offers semantic analyses of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and prepositions. He also presents models of how the meanings of words are composed to form new meanings and of the basic semantic role of sentences. Finally, he considers the future implications of his theory for robot semantics and the Semantic Web.
Evaluation of the Impact of the External Audit in the Functioning of Health Public Institutions "Cases of the General Hospitals of Reference of Kabondo and Makiso/Kisangani of 2011 and 2014"
Authors: Raymond Assani Ramazani , Désiré Isetcha Tawiti 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: This study aims at evaluating the effects of the external audit on the countable and financial management of the General Hospitals of Reference of Makiso/Kisangani and Kabondo.
Methods: We worked with a sample with reasoned choice. It is about a descriptive study of the retrospective type which we associate the analytical method. The data collected in this study after the examination, were transformed into frequency, and then, expressed as a percentage.
Results: For the HGR of Makiso/Kisangani, the receipts carried out for the audited period account for 55.56% against 45.44% for the not-audited period, that is to say a variation of 10.12%. While for the HGR of Kabondo, the receipts carried out for the audited period account for 63.81% against 36.19% for the not-audited period, that is to say a variation of 27.62%.
Conclusion: We noticed that for the audited period the medical structures under study presented a performance by profitability, the permanent follow-up of its accountancy which reduces the risks of the frauds and errors as well as the financial hemorrhages, the reliability of financial information due to the self-checking and the credibility of the institution near the external contractors, since it presents a good image.
Tilapia – An Excellent Candidate Species for World Aquaculture: A Review
Authors: Prabu E. , Rajagopalsamy C. B. T. , Ahilan B. , Jeevagan I. Jegan Michael Andro , Renuhadevi M. 
Published: March 2019

Aquaculture is currently playing, and will continue to play, a big part in boosting global fish production and in meeting the rising demand of fishery products. Capture fisheries production has levelled off and is no longer considered capable of sustaining the supply of fisheries products needed to meet the growing global demand. Tilapia is the common name for several species of cichlid fish inhabiting freshwater streams, ponds, rivers and lakes and less commonly in brackish water. Considered as an invasive species, tilapias are now of increasing importance in Aquaculture. Tilapia is the second most farmed fish world-wide and its production has quadrupled over the past decade because of its suitability for aquaculture, marketability and stable market prices. Native to Africa and Middle East, tilapias were introduced into over 90 countries for aquaculture and fisheries. Tilapia continued its rapid increase in global production. Recent production figures reported by various sources, our global production estimate for 2015 is 5,576,800 mt. Tilapias are now one of the most widely introduced fish globally that has clearly emerged as a very promising group in aquaculture.
Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Banana ‘Prata-Anã’ Subjected to Hydrothermal Treatment
Authors: Silva Pinheiro Juceliandy Mendes da , Mizobutsi Gisele Polete , Aguiar Flávia Soares , Rodrigues Maria Luisa Mendes , De Jesus Mariana Oliveira , De Queiroz Lorena Gabriela Coelho , Mizobutsi Edson Hiydu , Fonseca Sarah Nadja Araújo , Santos Alves Pablo Fernando 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of hydrothermal treatment applied to banana ‘Prata-Anã’ before refrigerated storage.
Study Design: The employed experimental design was the completely randomized type (CRD) and composed of 4 repeats with 4 fruits, in a 5 x 4 +1 factorial scheme, with five storage days (days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) at 25°C after removal from the refrigerated chamber, four immersion temperatures and one control (fruits without hydrothermal treatment).
Study Location and Duration: The experiment was conducted in the Post-Harvest Physiology Laboratory of the State University of Montes Claros between March and June 2017.
Methodology: The bananas were harvested and separated into 4-fruit bouquets, which were immersed in water at 50, 52, 54 and 56°C for 2 minutes; fruits without hydrothermal treatment were used as control. Each bouquet was placed in polyolefin membrane packs that were then contained in boxes and stored in chambers at 10oC and RH of 80% for 25 days. After the 25 days, the fruits were taken out of the chamber and stored at 25oC. During the 25oC storage, physical and chemical analyses were performed.
Results: On the day of removal from the refrigerated chamber, all bananas, regardless of treatment, presented a yellowish color. The temperature of 56oC resulted in greater fresh mass loss and higher solute extravasation values. Lower chilling index values and higher vitamin C values were found as the immersion temperature increased.
Conclusion: The full ripening process of banana ‘Prata-Anã’ occurred after removal from the refrigerated chamber in all hydrothermal treatments and with lower chilling index values.
Urinary trimethyl tin reflects blood trimethyl tin in workers recycling organotins
Authors: Ichihara Gaku , Iida Mayu , Watanabe Eri , Fujie Tomoya , Kaji Toshiyuki , Lee Eunmi , Kim Yangho 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aim
Our recent case report of organotin intoxication showed higher ratio of urinary trimethyl tin (TMT) to dimethyl tin (DMT) than those of the previous cases exposed to only DMT, suggesting co-exposure to DMT and TMT occurred. The present study investigated how urinary TMT and DMT reflect blood TMT and DMT, respectively, to evaluate them as biomarkers for TMT/DMT exposure.

Methods
DMT and TMT from blood collected at different time points from three patients intoxicated with organotins were measured with HPLC-ICP/MS. Previously published data of urinary DMT and TMT were used for comparison. Regression analyses were conducted with dependent variable of blood DMT and TMT and independent variable of urinary DMT and TMT, respectively. Multiple regression analysis with dummy variables of individual was also conducted.

Results
Regression analysis did not show significant relation of urinary TMT to blood TMT or relation of urinary DMT to blood DMT, although the former was marginal. Multiple regression analysis showed significantly positive relation of urinary TMT to blood TMT.

Conclusions
The study shows that urinary TMT reflects blood TMT. In co-exposure to TMT and DMT, urinary TMT can be an internal exposure marker of TMT, which might be not only derived from external exposure to TMT but also converted from DMT in human body.
Regulating the Photophysical Property of Organic/Polymer Optical Agents for Promoted Cancer Phototheranostics
Authors: Chen Chao , Ou Hanlin , Liu Ruihua , Ding Dan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOn the basis of the Jablonski diagram, the photophysical properties of optical agents are highly associated with biomedical function and efficacy. Herein, the focus is on organic/polymer optical agents and the recent progress in the main strategies for regulating their photophysical properties to achieve superior cancer diagnosis/phototheranostics applications are highlighted. Both the approaches of nanoengineering and molecular design, which can lead to optimized effectiveness of required biomedical function, are discussed.