bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophils acquire antigen-presenting cell features after phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized erythrocytes
Authors: Meinderts Sanne M. , Baker Gabriella , van Wijk Stan , Beuger Boukje M. , Geissler Judy , Jansen Machiel H. , Saris Anno , ten Brinke Anja , Kuijpers Taco W. , van den Berg Timo K. , van Bruggen Robin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNeutrophils are particularly well known for their antimicrobial function. Although historically they are regarded as strictly a phagocyte of the innate immune system, over time it has become clear that neutrophils are versatile cells with numerous functions including innate and adaptive immune regulation. We have previously described a role for human neutrophils in antibody-mediated red blood cell (RBC) clearance. Under homeostatic conditions, neutrophils do not take up RBCs. Yet, when RBCs are immunoglobulin G (IgG) opsonized, which can occur in alloimmunization or autoimmunization reactions, neutrophils can effectively phagocytose RBCs. In the present study, we show that human neutrophils acquire an antigen-presenting cell (APC) phenotype following RBC phagocytosis. Subsequent to RBC phagocytosis, neutrophils expressed major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and costimulatory molecules such as CD40 and CD80. Moreover, in classical APCs, the respiratory burst is known to regulate antigen presentation. We found that the respiratory burst in neutrophils is reduced after IgG-mediated RBC phagocytosis. Additionally, following RBC phagocytosis, neutrophils were demonstrated to elicit an antigen-specific T-cell response, using tetanus toxoid (TT) as an antigen to elicit an autologous TT-specific CD4+ T-cell response. Lastly, although the “don’t eat me” signal CD47 is known to have a powerful restrictive role in the activation of immunity against RBCs in dendritic cells, CD47 does not seem to have a significant effect on the antigen-presenting function of neutrophils in this context. Overall, these findings reveal that besides their classical antimicrobial role, neutrophils show plasticity in their phenotype.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome complicated by obstructive uropathy, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum: a case report and literature review
Authors: Bruce-Hickman Damian , Jiang Xiao , Thia Joshua Jin-Ping , Kansal Amit 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is an acute mucocutaneous eruption with blisters of the skin and haemorrhagic erosions of mucous membranes. This report describes air-leak syndrome and obstructive uropathy occurring simultaneously in a teenage patient affected by SJS.

Case presentation
A 17-year-old Malay female with SJS suffered from bilateral pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum, and obstructive uropathy as early complications of her disease. She required intubation, chest tube insertion, and bilateral ureteric stenting as part of her intensive care management. These extra-cutaneous complications of renal and pulmonary systems were likely secondary to widespread epithelial detachment.

Conclusion
Despite paucity of cases in adult literature, post-renal causes for acute kidney injury must be considered in SJS, especially in the setting of gross haematuria. Bedside point-of-care ultrasonography may be a useful tool for excluding obstructive uropathy. Pneumothorax is a rare but documented complication of SJS in paediatric cases and, to a lesser extent, adult patients. Extra care should be exercised when caring for mechanically ventilated patients suffering from SJS.
Prospective Multicenter Study on the Prognostic and Predictive Impact of Tumor Budding in Stage II Colon Cancer: Results From the SACURA Trial
Authors: Ueno Hideki , Ishiguro Megumi , Nakatani Eiji , Ishikawa Toshiaki , Uetake Hiroyuki , Matsuda Chu , Nakamoto Yoshihiko , Kotake Masanori , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Egawa Tomohisa , Yasumasa Keigo , Murata Kohei , Ikawa Osamu , Shinji Seiichi , Murotani Kenta , Matsui Shigeyuki , Teramukai Satoshi , Tomita Naohiro , Sugihara Kenichi ,   on behalf of the SACURA Study Group
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE The International Union Against Cancer highlighted tumor budding as a tumor-related prognostic factor. International assessment criteria for tumor budding were recently defined by the 2016 International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC2016). This study aimed to clarify the prognostic and predictive values of tumor budding in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the superiority of adjuvant chemotherapy with oral tegafur-uracil over surgery alone for stage II colon cancer (SACURA trial; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00392899 ). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2006 and 2010, we enrolled 991 patients from 123 institutions with stage II colon cancer. Tumor budding was diagnosed by central review on the basis of the criteria adopted in the ITBCC2016. We prospectively recorded all clinical and pathologic data, including the budding grade, and performed prognostic analyses after 5 years of completing the patients’ registration. RESULTS Of 991 tumors, 376, 331, and 284 were classified as BD1, BD2, and BD3, respectively; the 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate was 90.9%, 85.1%, and 74.4%, respectively ( P < .001), and ranged widely in T4 tumors (86.6% to 53.3%). The budding grade significantly correlated with recurrence in the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, and peritoneum ( P < .001 to .01). Multivariable analysis revealed that budding and T stage exerted an independent impact on RFS, and on the basis of the Harrell concordance index, these two factors substantially contributed to the improvement of the Cox model for predicting RFS. Both the BD2 and BD3 groups demonstrated greater improvement in the 5-year recurrence rate in the adjuvant chemotherapy group than the surgery-alone group by approximately 5%, but the difference was statistically nonsignificant. CONCLUSION Tumor budding grade on the basis of the ITBCC2016 criteria should be routinely evaluated in pathologic practice and could improve the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer.
Management of Stage II Germ Cell Tumors: Be Sure, Be Patient, Be Safe
Authors: Kollmannsberger Christian K. , Nappi Lucia , Nichols Craig 
Published: June 2019

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. A healthy 27-year-old man discovered a left testicular mass. Several months later he saw an urologist, who palpated a suspicious mass on the left testicle; an ultrasound confirmed a 2-cm solid mass. Serum tumor marker testing disclosed a slightly elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) of 12.3 µg/L (upper limit of normal, 8.0 µg/L), and a normal β-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Staging imaging with a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest/abdomen/pelvis showed no evidence for retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy or distant metastases. He underwent a left radical orchiectomy, and pathology showed a 1.5-cm mixed germ cell tumor with 85% embryonal, 10% yolk sac tumor, and 5% mature teratoma histologies. Lymphovascular invasion was present. His AFP normalized after surgery. After discussion of management alternatives, he chose active surveillance, but 4 months later a scheduled surveillance CT scan identified a 1.4-cm left para-aortic lymph node just below the left renal hilum ( Fig 1 ). Serum tumor markers remained negative. He returns to discuss his results and potential management options.
Reduced Androgen Receptor Expression in Genital Skin Fibroblasts From Patients With 45,X/46,XY Mosaicism
Authors: Hornig Nadine C , Demiri Jeta , Rodens Pascal , Murga Penas Eva Maria , Caliebe Almuth , Eckstein Anne Katrin , Schweikert Hans-Udo , Audi Laura , Hiort Olaf , Werner Ralf , Kulle Alexandra E , Ammerpohl Ole , Holterhus Paul-Martin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Context
Molecular mechanisms causing the broad phenotypic diversity of external masculinization in individuals with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism are poorly understood.

Objective
Analysis of androgen receptor (AR) expression and function as a putative influencing factor for the genital phenotype in patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism.

Design
Measurement of AR mRNA expression levels, AR activity [DHT-mediated APOD (apolipoprotein D) induction] and cellular 45,X/46,XY ratios in genital skin fibroblasts from individuals with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism and male reference individuals, and determination of the external virilization scale from individuals with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism.

Setting
University hospital endocrine research laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: 30 genital skin fibroblast cultures (GFs) from male reference individuals and 15 GFs from individuals with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism.

Intervention
None

Main Outcome Measures
Determination of AR mRNA expression and AR activity in male reference GFs and 45,X/46,XY GFs and correlation of the obtained data with the cellular 45,X/46,XY ratios and the patients’ external virilization scale.

Results
In 6 of 15 45,X/46,XY GFs, AR mRNA expression and AR activity were significantly lower compared with those in the 46,XY reference GFs. In this subgroup of reduced AR mRNA expression, a positive trend was seen between AR mRNA expression and the percentage of XY-positive cells. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between AR activity and the external virilization scale in the 15 45,X/46,XY GF samples (P = 0.03).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that AR expression and AR activity might influence the phenotypic variability seen in patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism.
Dynamic label-free imaging of lipid droplets and their link to fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation in mouse eggs
Authors: Bradley Josephine , Pope Iestyn , Wang Yisu , Langbein Wolfgang , Borri Paola , Swann Karl 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Mammalian eggs generate most of their ATP by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate from the surrounding medium or from fatty acids that are stored as triacylglycerols within lipid droplets. The balance between pyruvate and fatty acid oxidation in generating ATP is not established. We have combined coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging with deuterium labelling of oleic acid to monitor turnover of fatty acids within lipid droplets of living mouse eggs. We found that loss of labelled oleic acid is promoted by pyruvate removal but minimised when β-oxidation is inhibited. Pyruvate removal also causes a significant dispersion of lipid droplets, while inhibition of β-oxidation causes droplet clustering. Live imaging of luciferase or FAD autofluorescence from mitochondria, suggest that inhibition of β-oxidation in mouse eggs only leads to a transient decrease in ATP because there is compensatory uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria. Inhibition of pyruvate uptake followed by β-oxidation caused a similar and successive decline in ATP. Our data suggest that β-oxidation and pyruvate oxidation contribute almost equally to resting ATP production in resting mouse eggs and that reorganisation of lipid droplets occurs in response to metabolic demand.
Chromogranin B regulates early-stage insulin granule trafficking from the Golgi in pancreatic islet β-cells
Authors: Bearrows Shelby C. , Bauchle Casey J. , Becker McKenzie , Haldeman Jonathan M. , Swaminathan Svetha , Stephens Samuel B. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Chromogranin B (CgB, also known as CHGB) is abundantly expressed in dense core secretory granules of multiple endocrine tissues and has been suggested to regulate granule biogenesis in some cell types, including the pancreatic islet β-cell, though the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for CgB in regulating secretory granule trafficking in the β-cell. Loss of CgB impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, impedes proinsulin processing to yield increased proinsulin content, and alters the density of insulin-containing granules. Using an in situ fluorescent pulse-chase strategy to track nascent proinsulin, we show that loss of CgB impairs Golgi budding of proinsulin-containing secretory granules, resulting in a substantial delay in trafficking of nascent granules to the plasma membrane with an overall decrease in total plasma membrane-associated granules. These studies demonstrate that CgB is necessary for efficient trafficking of secretory proteins into the budding granule, which impacts the availability of insulin-containing secretory granules for exocytic release.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Ca2+ entry via TRPC1 is essential for cellular differentiation and modulates secretion via the SNARE complex
Authors: Schaar Anne , Sun Yuyang , Sukumaran Pramod , Rosenberger Thad A. , Krout Danielle , Roemmich James N. , Brinbaumer Lutz , Claycombe-Larson Kate , Singh Brij B. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Properties of adipocytes, including differentiation and adipokine secretion, are crucial factors in obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. Here, we provide evidence that Ca2+ influx in primary adipocytes, especially upon Ca2+ store depletion, plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation, functionality and subsequently metabolic regulation. The endogenous Ca2+ entry channel in both subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes was found to be dependent on TRPC1–STIM1, and blocking Ca2+ entry with SKF96365 or using TRPC1−/− knockdown adipocytes inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, TRPC1−/− mice have decreased organ weight, but increased adipose deposition and reduced serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations, without affecting total adipokine expression. Mechanistically, TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ entry regulated SNARE complex formation, and agonist-mediated secretion of adipokine-loaded vesicles was inhibited in TRPC1−/− adipose. These results suggest an unequivocal role of TRPC1 in adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin secretion, and that loss of TRPC1 disturbs metabolic homeostasis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Interferencia de imagenes de apego en adultos con transtorno de personalidad borderline
Authors: Weydmann Gibson J. , Bizarro Lisiane , Barcellos Serralta Fernanda 
Published: June 2019

Los problemas interpersonales de personas con Trastorno de Personalidad Borderline (TBP) pueden acentuar la desregulación emocional. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar de qué forma individuos con tpb reaccionan a las imágenes de Apego Seguro (AS) y Apego Inseguro (AI). Los participantes con tpb (n=6) fueron comparados a un grupo control (n=6) emparejados en número, sexo y edad (M=29 años, DP=5.49). Ambos grupos respondieron al Instrumento de Vínculo Parental (IVP). Las imágenes de apego utilizadas fueron seleccionadas por psicólogos (n=8). Posteriormente, los participantes con TBP y el grupo control realizaron una tarea de Interferencia Emocional (IE) y evaluaron explícitamente las imágenes de apego. Los individuos con TBP presentaron un vínculo parental significativamente más perjudicado que el grupo control. El grupo con tpb evaluó los estímulos de ai como significativamente más representativos de un apego del tipo inseguro que del grupo control y los psicólogos. No hubo efecto de ie en la tarea aplicada. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el apego inseguro de individuos con TBP influencia la evaluación explícita de imágenes de apego.Palabras clave: trastorno de personalidad borderline, teoría del apego, interferencia emocional.
Paediatric and adolescent rheumatic diseases: measures of disease activity
Authors: Varnier Giulia C , Ciurtin Coziana 
Published: June 2019

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile dermatomyositis are rare, chronic, multi-systemic rheumatic disorders that can be associated with significant morbidity, not only during childhood, but lifelong. Dedicated disease activity and damage assessment tools are essential to guide clinical management and perform multicentre clinical trials to ensure the best possible care and outcome for children with rheumatic diseases using an evidence-based, treat-to-target approach. This article summarizes the outcome measures most commonly used in paediatric rheumatology.
Nosocomial Infections Are Frequent and Negatively Impact Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Bajaj Jasmohan S. , O'Leary Jacqueline G. , Tandon Puneeta , Wong Florence , Garcia-Tsao Guadalupe , Kamath Patrick S. , Biggins Scott W. , Lai Jennifer C. , Vargas Hugo E. , Maliakkal Benedict , Fallon Michael B. , Thuluvath Paul J. , Subramanian Ram M. , Thacker Leroy R. , Reddy K. Rajender 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Nosocomial infections (NIs) can be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. This study aims to define the determinants of NI development and its impact on 30-day outcomes among hospitalized patients with cirrhosis.

METHODS:
North American Consortium for the Study of End-Stage Liver Disease enrolled patients with cirrhosis who were admitted nonelectively. Admission variables and 30-day outcomes were compared between patients with and without NI. These were also compared based on whether there was an isolated admission infection, NI, or both. Models were created for NI development using admission variables and for 30-day mortality.

RESULTS:
The study included 2,864 patients; of which, 15% (n = 436) developed NI. When comparing NI vs no NI, 1,866 patients were found to be infection free, whereas 562 had admission infections only, 228 had only NI, and 208 had both infections. At admission, patients with NI were more likely to be infected and have advanced cirrhosis. NIs were associated with higher rates of acute-on-chronic liver failure, death, and transplant regardless of admission infections. Patients with NI had higher respiratory infection, urinary tract infection, Clostridium difficile infection, fungal infections, and infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci compared with patients without NI. Risk factors for NIs were admission infections, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) > 20, systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, proton pump inhibitor, rifaximin, and lactulose use, but the regression model (sensitivity, 0.67; specificity, 0.63) was not robust. Age, alcohol etiology, admission MELD score, lactulose use, acute-on-chronic liver failure, acute kidney injury, intensive care unit, and NI increased the risk of death, whereas rifaximin decreased the risk of death.

DISCUSSION:
NIs are prevalent in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and are associated with poor outcomes. Although higher MELD scores and systemic inflammatory response syndrome are associated with NI, all hospitalized patients with cirrhosis require vigilance and preventive strategies.
La indagación en las prácticas de la enseñanza universitaria:
Authors: Rondina María Celeste , Abi Saad Vanina Margarita 
Published: June 2019

El presente ensayo procura indagar algunos ribetes de la implementación del Proyecto de Innovación Curricular "Diálogos OSC y Universidad: nuevos espacios de encuentro y aprendizaje" llevado a cabo durante los años 2015, 2016 y 2017 en la cátedra Psicología General de la licenciatura en Terapia Ocupacional, procurando significar y resignificar los aconteceres del mismo, enriqueciendo la comprensión de nuestro pasado docente, orientando nuestras prácticas presentes y disponiéndonos creativamente hacia el futuro.
Esta producción escrituraria procura compartir la información relevante de las clases con una modalidad narrativa, siendo ésta un modo que invita al lector a compartir, casi presenciando, la escena a la que se hace referencia y en base a la cual las autoras exploran e interpelan lo vivido, intentando generar conceptualizaciones y reflexiones de las situaciones, de los encuentros, con sus aspectos imprevisibles, que se dieron en el aula.
LOS CANALES DE REPRESENTACION SENSORIAL Y LAS ESTRATEGIAS DE APRENDIZAJES UNIVERSITARIOS EN EL INGRESO A LA CARRERA DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA.
Authors: Fascendini Paola Yanina 
Published: June 2019

La investigación apunta a caracterizar los canales de representación sensorial y las estrategias de aprendizajes utilizadas por los estudiantes ingresantes a la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, dependiente de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Particularmente se identificó aquellos canales y estrategias de aprendizajes autodeclaradas por los ingresantes, buscando explorar las razones por las cuales eligen determinadas estrategias para estudiar. La metodología de abordaje fue un enfoque mixto. Desde las variables cuantitativas se administró una encuesta sobre una muestra selectiva de juicio o intencional. Se complementa dicha información con entrevistas realizadas a ingresantes, junto a la administración de cuestionarios y entrevistas a docentes. Se suma a la investigación los aportes brindados por la técnica de talleres formativos realizados en el ingreso universitario. Atendiendo a las conclusiones, se registra en los ingresantes el uso de diversos canales de aprendizaje, siendo el canal visual el más utilizado. La estrategia de aprendizaje más elegida es el resumen sobre la base de la técnica del subrayado. Los motivos por los cuales los alumnos eligen estas estrategias se vinculan con la mecanización utilizada en formaciones anteriores. Si bien los docentes reconocen su valor no se instrumentan en las planificaciones didácticas.
Perbedaan Tekanan Darah, Laju Jantung dan Rate Pressure Product (RPP) Pada Pemberian Lidokain 1,5 Mg/Kgbb Intravena Sebelum Intubasi Dibandingkan Pemasangan Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)
Authors: Atmawan Derajad Bayu , Villyastuti Yulia Wahyu , Harahap Mohamad Sofyan 
Published: June 2019

Latar belakang: Intubasi endotrakeal merupakan tindakan pengelolaan jalan nafas yang sering dilakukan di bidang anestesiologi. Akan tetapi tindakan ini dapat menyebabkan gejolak kardiovaskuler berupa perubahan tekanan darah, laju jantung dan disritmia. Terdapat berbagai teknik dan pengunaan obat untuk mengurangi kondisi tersebut, diantaranya memberikan lidokain intravena sebelum intubasi.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan tekanan darah, laju jantung dan RPP pada pemberian lidokain intravena sebelum laringoskopi intubasi dibandingkan dengan pemasangan LMAMetode: 36 pasien ASA I-II yang menjalani operasi elektif dalam anestesi umum dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok 1 diberi lidokain 1,5 mg/kgBB dan dilakukan laringoskopi intubasi. Kelompok 2 dilakukan pemasangan LMA. Dilakukan pencatatan tekanan darah sistolik (TDS), diastolik (TDD), tekanan arteri rerata (TAR), laju jantung (LJ) dan Rate Pressure Product (RPP) sebelum induksi anestesi, sebelum perlakuan (intubasi atau pemasangan LMA) dan setelah perlakuan pada menit ke-1, ke-2, ke-5 dan ke-10.Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok meliputi usia, BMI, jenis kelamin maupun tekanan darah sebelum induksi. Peningkatan tekanan darah dan laju jantung pada kelompok 1 lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok 2, dengan nilai tertinggi di menit ke-1meliputi TDS (140,47±27,17), TDD (88,89 ± 16,72), TAR (108,84 ± 18,84), LJ (90,37 ± 11,96) dan RPP (12806,89 ± 3410,49). Perbedaan ini bermakna dibandingkan kelompok 1 pada menit ke-1 dan ke-2 setelah perlakuan.Simpulan: Terdapat peningkatan bermakna tekanan darah, laju jantung dan RPP pada tindakan laringoskopi intubasi yang diberi lidokain 1,5 mg/kgBB intravenadibandingkan pemasangan LMA.