bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the Severity and Outcome of Acute Calculous Cholecystits According to Tokyo Guidelines
Authors: Thapa Pradip , Adhikari Krishna Mohan , Sharma Anup 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Acute Calculous Cholecystitis is a condition in which the gallbladder becomes inflamed due to cholelithiasis. Early diagnosis, severity grading and appropriate intervention reduce both morbidity and mortality. The aim of this prospective study is to correlate the severity with the outcome of acute calculous cholecystitis according to Tokyo Guidelines.
Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study conducted in the Department of Surgery, Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital for a period of two years from April 2017 to March 2019. The patients were classified into three groups according to the severity grading in the Tokyo guidelines (TG18/ TG13). Clinical characteristics among these patients were analyzed for comparison.
Results: Among all diagnostic criteria, right upper quarter (RUQ)h abdominal pain (94%) Murphy's sign (94%) and thickened gallbladder wall (80%) had the highest sensitivity rates (p<0.032), whereas elevated white cell count (32%) and RUQ abdominal mass (32%) had the lowest sensitivity rates (p<0.035). Higher sensitivity rates of diagnostic criteria were related to severe cholecystitis, except for Fever (46%) and elevated white blood cell (WBC) count (32%). All the 28 patients in grade I and selected patients 3 out of 6in grade II underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) without any conversion and increased morbidity and mortality. Out of16 patients in grade III there was 2 mortalities due to ARDS, 1 needed Ultrasonography (USG) guided cholecystostomy, 1 underwent emergency cholecystectomy. 16 patients, 3 in grade II and 13 in grade III underwent interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy safely. There were no major postoperative morbidities except for superficial surgical site infection (SSI) in 1 patient in grade III who underwent emergency cholecystectomy Higher grade of severity was associated with increased morbidity and mortality (p<0.03).
Conclusion: A combination of diagnostic criteria with different path physiologic findings, as noted in the Tokyo guidelines, can help clinicians make the correct diagnosis for patients with acute cholecystitis and there was strong correlation between the severity and outcomes of acute cholecystitis.
A Study of Variation of Nutrient Foramen of Dry Adult Humerus
Authors: Poudel Abhishek , Satyal Biswas 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Nutrient artery is the chief artery for the blood supply of the long bone and passes through the nutrient foremen which lie towards the medial border in the anteromedial surface below the midpoint in humerus. During the surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation, the knowledge of nutrient foramen is important. The nutrient artery plays an important role in nonunion and delayed union of fracture bone.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the number, position and direction of the nutrient foramina of humerus.
Materials and Methods: 50 humerus, 21 of right and 29 of left side were studied without any pathological disorders.
Results: Single nutrient foremen was observed in 80% humerus. Double foramen in 16%. There was no foramen in 4% humerus. It was also concluded that 88% humerus had the nutrient foremen in anteromedial surface. Nutrient foremen were dominant in Zone II with 82%. All foramen were directed towards the lower end of humeri.
Conclusion: The presence of single foramen in the zone II was dominant. The nutrient foramina were also dominant in the anteromedial surface of the humerus.
Pengaruh Penambahan EM (Effective Microorganism) Terhadap Produksi Biogas dari Air Limbah Industri Makanan
Authors: Dewi Mubarokah Nuriaini , Visca Rinette , Mustopa Ahmad 
Published: August 2019

Bahan bakar merupakan kebutuhan pokok bagi manusia, Namun ketersedian bahan bakar fosil semakin lama semakin berkurang. Biogas merupakan solusi alternatif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia akan bahan bakar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Effektive Mikroorganisme 4 (EM-4) terhadap kualitas biogas yang dihasilkan dari limbah industri makan. Proses pembuatan biogas dilakukan secara batch di dalam digester anaerobic berukuran 2,5 Liter pada suhu ruangan. Dua liter campuran yang terdiri dari limbah, air dan Effektive Mikroorganisme 4 (EM-4) dimasukkan ke dalam digester anaerobic, dimana pH, COD, dan volume gas diamati setiap hari secara periodik. Pada penelitian ini Nilai pH yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 6 - 7,2. Nilai COD menurun dengan meningkatnya penambahan EM-4. Volume biogas yang dihasilkan semakin besar dengan meningkatnya penambahan EM-4. Volume biogas Terbesar yang dihasilkan sebesar 9,7 L dengan konsentrasi gas metana ( 84,376 %), karbon dioksida (11,679 %), nitrogen (3,945%). Keywords : Methane, Biogas, Digester, Anaerobic, EM-4.
ANALISIS PENINGKATAN KINERJA KUALITAS DAYA LISTRIK TEGANGAN 20 kV DI INDUSTRI BERBASISKAN SIMULASI ETAP 12.6.0
Authors: Carmanto Anto 
Published: August 2019

Kualitas energi listrik yang baik di industri selain akan menghasilkan produk yang maksimal, kualitas energi listrik yang baik juga dapat membuat peralatan listrik yang ada di industri akan lebih awet. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja kualitas daya listrik pada tegangan 20 kV di industri guna memperbaiki rugi-rugi daya, tegangan jatuh, faktor daya dan perbaikan tegangan transien. Setelah melihat performa jaringan Tegangan 20 kV, Selanjutnya dilakukan perbaikan supaya performa jaringan lebih maksimal. Pengambilan data yang sebenarnya pada tegangann 20 KV (tegangan menengah) dilakukan pada penelitian di industri ban yang berkapasitas 30,250 MVA. Analisa data menggunakan perangkat lunak ETAP12.6.0. Hasil analisis menunjukan adanya penurunan rugi-rugi daya sebesar 52,3% apabila dibandingkan jaringan eksisting. Hasil analisis juga menunjukan adanya penurunan tegangan jatuh sebesar 45,6% apabila dibandingkan jaringan eksisting. Faktor daya juga mengalami perbaikan setelah penambahan kapasitor bank. Faktor daya mengalami perbaiakan/kenaikan sebesar 7,95%. Tegangan yang mengalir saat terjadi transien di bus 2 mengalami penurunan sebesar 47,4% setelah penambahan reaktor. Tegangan yang mengalir saat terjadi transien di bus 4 juga mengalami penurunan sebesar 542.8% setelah penambahan reaktor.
CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM CREATININE & URINE ALBUMIN IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY PATIENTS: A STUDY IN A TERTIARY LEVEL HOSPITAL OF BANGLADESH
Authors: M Sanyal , A Khan 
Published: August 2019

Serum creatinine is a very common tool of renal assessment in diabetic nephropathy. Specially due to its availably and cost-effectiveness, serum creatinine has been a popular choice among the clinicians even in rural areas. Also, the staging of diabetic nephropathy is done on the basis of eGFR which is calculated mainly with serum creatinine level. Sometimes, clinicians , even overlook the other investigations ,such as urine routine examinations or ultra sonogram of kidney, when the serum creatinine level is within normal limit.
This study aims at observation of existing correlation between serum creatinine and urine albumin in diabetic nephropathy patients. This cross sectional observational study has been conducted on 50 patients in a period of 6 months in the medicine department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital.
50 diabetic patients admitted to Dhaka Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this study after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the total 50 patients, 34 patients were diagnosed on the basis of microalbuminuria and the rest had raised urinary total protein. No correlation was found between serum creatinine and urine albumin or urine total protein. Staging of the kidney disease was done according to eGFR (calculated by MDRD equation). Only 41.37% of the patients with microalbuminuria, showed eGFR consistent with its staging while 31.5% of the patients with proteinuria showed respective expected eGFR. The rest of the patient’s eGFR was inconsistent with the staging. And the difference between the mean serum creatinine in two groups was insignificant.
This study has shown that, the serum creatinine has no linear correlation with urinary albumin in diabetic nephropathy patients. So, commonly used serum creatinine based formula to calculate the eGFR can misinterpret the staging of the disease which can delay the appropriate treatment thereafter.
Keywords: Diabetic Nephropathy, Proteinuria, Microalbuminuria, Serum Creatinine
EVALUATION OF INTRARENAL RESISTIVE INDEX BY DUPLEX COLOR DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY – COMPARISON BETWEEN HEALTHY ADULT CONTROL SUBJECTS
Authors: Chowdhury MSI Tipu , Sultana Sadia , Khaled Md. Fakhrul Islam , Iqbal Khaled Md. , Easmin Sharmin 
Published: August 2019

Background: Renal Doppler Ultrasonography (USG) has become a useful adjunct to gray scale sonography in the evaluation of renal function in various pathophysiological conditions like diabetic nephropathy. We can diagnose diabetic nephropathy by serum creatinine level and creatinine clearance rate. But early stage diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is not always possible. In this study we have focused on resistive index of interlobar arteries of kidney to see changes of renal parenchyma for early stage diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
Objectives: To observe the difference between values of intrarenal resistive index measured by duplex color Doppler USG in type 2 diabetic patients having diabetic nephropathy and in healthy adult control subjects.
Materials and methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 65 diabetic nephropathy patients were taken as study group and 65 healthy subjects were included as healthy control subjects. Duplex Color Doppler Ultrasonography of interlobar artery was carried out in both groups to measure the peak systolic velocity, the end diastolic velocity and arterial Resistive Index.
Results: The Resistive Index of interlobar artery of left kidney in control group was 0.58±0.08 and the mean RI of interlobar artery of left kidney in diabetic nephropathy patients was 0.74±0.53. The difference of Resistive index of interlobar artery of left kidney in the two groups were statistically significant and the RI of right kidney of control & that of case groups were 0.60±0.09 and 0.76±0.03 respectively. In between control and case groups the RI of right kidney were statistically significant. So, resistive index of interlobar artery was increased in type 2 diabetic nrphropathy patients compared to control group.
Conclusion: It can be concluded in present study that resistive index remains significantly higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy than in controls. Thus Duplex Doppler ultrasonography allows the rapid, noninvasive evaluation of the intrarenal vasculature and can be used as an easily available parameter of the evolution and a predictor in patients with clinical diabetic nephropathy.
Keywords: Doppler Ultrasonography, Intrarenal Resistive Index, Diabetic Nephropathy
Characterization of bacterial isolates from skin lesions of sheep, goat and cattle in different rearing condition
Authors: Saha Tapu Kumar , Begum Ferdousi , Kabir SM Lutful , Islam Md Shafiqul , Khan Md Shahidur Rahman 
Published: August 2019

The study was performed to isolate and characterize some selected bacteria from skin lesion of sheep, goat and cattle of different rearing condition. Intensive and semi-intensive housing systems were considered for this study. A total of (n=60) skin wound swab and pus samples were collected for this study during the study period. Among them (n=30) samples were collected from intensive farms and (n=30) samples were collected from semi-intensive farms. Staphylococcus aureus infections were found 70% skin lesion for sheep, 30% for goat and 60% for cattle and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections were found 5% skin lesion for sheep, 15% for goat and 15% for cattle. Semi-intensive farm animals were more infected by bacteria than intensive farm animals. Staphylococcus aureus affected 53.33% in intensive farm animal and 66.67% in semi-intensive farm animal. Pseudomonas aeruginosa affected 10% animal in intensive housing system and 13.33% in semi-intensive housing system. The organisms were isolated and characterized by morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics and identified by polymerase chain reaction. Staphylococcus aureus produced yellowish colony in nutrient agar and golden yellow colony in mannitol salt agar. Positive isolates were produced β–hemolysis in blood agar. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced characteristic colony in nutrient agar but not produce pigment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced colorless colony in MaCconkey agar, violet colony in EMB agar and produced hemolysis in blood agar. Staphylococcus aureus showed Gram positive, cocci shaped and grapes like arrangement and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed Gram negative, short rod shaped. Staphylococcus aureus fermented five basic sugars and produced gas and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermented dextrose and mannitol. Both organisms were catalase positive, only Pseudomonas aeruginosa was oxidase positive. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were further characterized by PCR amplification of toxA gene primer. Staphylococcus aureus skin infection treatment was noticed more effective by erythromycin and gentamicin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa skin infection treatment more effective by ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Both the organisms were found to be amoxicillin resistant. This is the first and preliminary report of molecular characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from skin lesion of sheep, goat and cattle associated with a different rearing condition of the animals in Bangladesh.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(2): 117-125
Chemometrics assisted spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of paracetamol and caffeine in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Uddin MN , Mondol A , Karim MM , Jahan RA , Rana AA 
Published: August 2019

In this study, two chemometric techniques, partial least-square regression (PLSR) and artificial neural network (ANN) were developed and compared for the simultaneous assay of paracetamol (PCT) and caffeine (CAF) in pharmaceutical formulations by using spectrophotometric data. Six different concentrations of paracetamol and caffeine were considered to make mixture solutions of standard samples by using orthogonal experimental design (OED). UV spectra of these mixtures were recorded in the wavelength range of 205-300 nm versus a solvent blank and digitized absorbance was sampled at 1 nm intervals. Drug concentrations and instrumental spectra of 36 mixture solutions were used for model development and validation and finally 6 commercially available tablets were used to test the developed models. ANN shows better prediction efficiencies than that of PLSR with R2 value 99.28% for prediction and 99.13% for validation set. These two models were successfully applied to commercial pharmaceutical formulations, and it is found by ANN that the drugs contain 75 to 86% of paracetamol and 77 to 92% of caffeine of their label claim. Either of the proposed methods is simple and rapid and can be easily used in the quality assessment of drugs as an alternative analytical method.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(3), 215-222, 2019
Irrigation water quality of surface and ground water used for Boro rice cultivation in Khulna district in Bangladesh
Authors: Sultan MT , Billah SM 
Published: August 2019

Bangladesh is a land of mighty rivers and innumerable tributaries, heavy rainfall and recurring floods. Nearly 75 percent of the country’s population depends either directly or indirectly on agriculture. This study deals with the quality of surface and ground water used in rice cultivation of Khulna district, which is located in the south-western part of Bangladesh. This study was carried out to characterize the surface and ground water in terms of different dissolved elements in relation to the suitability of the water for irrigation purposes in Khulna. To analyze the water quality for irrigation of Boro rice, the water samples both surface and ground water were collected from different Upazillas. A reconnaissance survey was conducted in different areas of sampling sites. Collected samples were immediately analyzed for finding important chemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC),Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP),Sodium to Calcium Activity Ratio (SCAR), Sodium Ratio (SR), Residual Sodium Bi-carbonate (RSBC), Kelly’s Ratio (KR), Permeability Index (PI) and Total Hardness (HT). From the analysis, it was observed the ionic concentration and other chemical parameters varied in different water sources of the area. SAR, SSP, SCAR and KR are high in all sources where surface water contained most but SR, MAR, HT and Permeability were in favorable concentration in both sources in Khulna District. Therefore, the sodicity and alkalinity hazards risk have been found to both of the water sources to use in irrigation purposes.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(3), 263-274, 2019
Five new species and a new record of genus <i>Oncopsis</i> from China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae, Macropsinae)
Authors: Dai Ren-Huai , Li Hu 
Published: August 2019

Five new species of the genus Oncopsis from China are described and illustrated: <i>O. cuneiforma <b>sp. n.</b>, <i>O. kangdingensis</i> <b>sp. n.</b>,<i> O. odontoidea</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, <i>O. serrulota</i> <b>sp. n.</b> and <i>O. spinosa</i> <b>sp. n.</b> <i>Oncopsis kuluensis</i> Viraktamath, 1996 is reported for the first time in China. Distributions and an identification key of all Chinese <i>Oncopsis</i> species are given.
Reviews: Revisión del género Phylan Stephens, European Fauna of Oedemeridae
Authors: Silfverberg Hans 
Published: August 2019

Viñolas, A. & Cartagena, M. C. 2003: Revisión del género Phylan Stephens, 1857 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Dendarini). — Entomological Monographs of Argania editio 1: 1–93.
Vázquez, X. A. 2002: European Fauna of Oedemeridae. Argana editio, Barcelona, 179 pp.
OSMANLI TARİHİNDE LEVENDLER
Authors: PUSTU Yunus 
Published: August 2019

Osmanlı Tarihinde Levendler kitabı şimdiye kadar levendler hakkında
kaleme alınmış en kapsamlı çalışma olup askeri bir terim olarak levend
tabirinin zihinlerde yeniden şekillenmesine imkân vermektedir. Zira askeri bir
terim olarak “levend” tabirinin zihinlerde bıraktığı ilk intiba Osmanlı donanmasında
hizmet gören nizami bir askeri sınıf olduğu yönündedir. Fakat gerçekte durum tam olarak böyle
değildir. “Levend” denildiğinde sadece “deniz askeri” akla gelmemeli; aynı
zamanda kara birliklerinde görev yapan levendlerin de olduğu bilinmelidir. Eserin
üzerinde durup dikkat çektiği bir diğer önemli husus ise levendlerin nizami
teşkilata sahip askeri birlikler olup olmadığı meselesidir. Bu yönüyle Osmanlı
Devleti’nin her anlamda nizamlı ve düzenli bir askeri sistemi olduğu görüşüne
bir anti tez niteliğindedir. Eser, bu problem alanlarını tartışmaya açması ve
yanlış oturmuş bilgilerin düzeltilmesi açısında oldukça önemlidir.
BOSTÂN, GÜLİSTÂN VE MESNEVÎ HİKÂYELERİ ÜZERİNE GENEL BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA
Authors: HASANOĞLU Murat 
Published: August 2019

Bu makalede Mevlânâ Celâleddin-i Rûmî’nin Mesnevî’sinde ve Şeyh Sa‘dî-i Şîrâzî’nin
Bostân ve Gülistân adlı eserlerinde yer alan hikâyeler çeşitli yönlerden karşılaştırılmaktadır.
Şeyh Sa‘dî-i Şîrâzî ve Mevlânâ Celaleddin-i Rumî gerek Fars edebiyatında
gerekse bizim edebiyat tarihimizde çok önemli yere sahip iki isimdir. İkisi de
aynı zaman diliminde yaşamış, benzer
sosyal ve edebî çevrelerde bulunmuşlar ve benzer kaynaklardan beslenmişlerdir.
Eserlerinde yetiştikleri çağın ve edebî kültürün izleri net şekilde
görülmektedir. İki sanatçının da anlattıkları hikâyelerde kıssadan hisse
çıkarılmasını amaçladıkları, didaktik yaklaşımlar gösterdikleri görülmektedir. Hikâyelerde
coğrafya, verilmek istenen genel mesaj, hikâye kaynakları ve kişi kadrosu
bakımından örtüşmeler ve farklılaşmalar incelenmiştir.
Yeni Tıp Teknolojilerinin Kullanımı ve Etik Sorunlar
Authors: HAYRAN Osman 
Published: August 2019

Nanoteknolojiler, bilişim teknolojileri, genetik teknoloji, sentetik biyoloji, regeneratif tıp, robotik uygulamalar, nöroteknoloji ve yapay zeka son yıllarda hızlı gelişen ve tıbbi uygulamalara yenilikler getiren teknolojilerden bazılarıdır. Bunlar sayesinde pek çok sağlık sorununa daha kolay tanı koymak ve daha iyi tedavi etmek mümkün hale gelmiştir. Yeni tıp teknolojilerinin asıl amacı hastalıkların tanı ve tedavisini sağlamak olsa da aynı teknolojiler sayesinde daha güçlü, daha sağlıklı, daha uzun yaşama olasılığı olan insan haline gelme olanağı da sağlanmış olmaktadır. Bu durum gelişen teknolojilerinin hızla kullanıma girmelerine, amacına uygun olmayan şekilde tüketilmelerine ve pek çok etik soruna yol açabilmektedir. Ortaya çıkabilen etik sorunlar üç ana başlık altında toplanmaktadır: Hasta güvenliği sorunları, kaynakların adil kullanımı sorunları ve norm değişikliği sorunları. Yeni teknolojilerin özellikle ilk kullanım dönemlerinde kullanıcıların beceri eksikliğine bağlı olarak ölümlere kadar gidebilen önemli komplikasyonlar görülebilmektedir. Yeni teknolojilerin kullanımı konusunda toplumun varlıklı ve güçlü kesimleri daha ayrıcalıklı olduğundan hakkaniyetli bir paylaşım söz konusu olmamakta, bu da yeni insani sorunlara yol açabilmektedir. Bazı yeni teknolojiler ise hastalık tedavisi dışında daha güzel ve daha genç görünmek, daha keskin bir hafızaya sahip olmak, fit olmak gibi tıp dışı nedenlerle kullanılabildiğinden bireysel normları değiştirmekte ve hizmet sunanlar üzerinde bu doğrultuda bir toplumsa baskıya neden olmaktadır. Öte yandan bu teknolojilerin gelişmesinin ve yaygın kullanımının iyi ve gerekli olduğunu savunan görüşler de bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu etik sorunların hiç birisi teknolojinin kendisi ile ilgili olmayıp, onu kullananların bilgi, tutum ve becerilerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu durum tıp eğitiminde ve uygulamalarında etik konulara daha fazla yer verilmesinin önemini göstermektedir.
Üç Aylık Bebekte Tüberküloz Lenfadenit
Authors: ELMAS Bahri , BİRCAN Onur , AY Gizem , ÖZDEMİR Öner , BÜYÜKAVCI Mustafa 
Published: August 2019

Tüberküloz
lenfadenit ülkemiz gibi tüberkülozun sık görüldüğü ülkelerde çocukluk çağında
akciğer dışı tüberkülozun en sık rastlanan formu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Çocuklarda sıklığının %35-67 arasında değiştiği ve en sık servikal lenf
nodlarında tutulum olduğu bildirilmektedir. 3 aylık kız hasta ateş, solunum
sıkıntısı ve boyunda şişlik nedeni ile çocuk servisine yatırıldı. Akut
lenfadenit ön tanısıyla ampirik antibiyotik tedavisi başlandı. Ampirik
antibiyotik tedavisine yanıt vermeyen hastaya yapılan TDT endürasyon çapı 18 mm
ölçüldü. Aynı dönemde anne de tüberküloz tanısı aldı. Açlık mide suyunda ARB
pozitif değerlendirildi. Tüberküloz PCR ile mycobacterium tuberclosis saptandı. Anti tüberküloz tedavi
başlanan hasta da tedavi sonrası tam remisyon sağlanmıştır. Servikal
lenfadenopati ayırıcı tanısında özellikle erken süt çocukluğu döneminde
tüberküloz öncelikli olarak düşünülmeyebilir.
Sık görülen bir form olması nedeni ile lenfadenopatili hastalarda her yaşta
tüberküloz düşünülmelidir.