bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the HPV‐attributable fraction of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in Germany
Authors: Reuschenbach Miriam , Tinhofer Ingeborg , Wittekindt Claus , Wagner Steffen , Klussmann Jens Peter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing globally while the prevalence of other head and neck cancers is decreasing. The most likely reasons for this are a decreasing influence of smoking and the growing relevance of infections with the human papilloma virus (HPV) as a risk factor. A rise in the HPV‐attributable fraction (HPV‐AF) of OPSCC has been observed in many countries, yet a comprehensive review of prevalence rates and trends in Germany is lacking. To determine the current HPV‐AF of OPSCC in Germany and to assess whether it has changed during the last decades, we performed a systematic literature review. We screened Medline and EMBASE for studies that reported the tumor HPV status of newly diagnosed OPSCC patients treated at medical centers in Germany by testing for both HPV DNA and p16INK4a overexpression to confirm involvement of HPV in tumorigenesis. Out of 287 screened studies, 14 studies with data from a total of 1819 OPSCC patients treated between 1988 and 2015 were included in the data synthesis. The reported average HPV‐AF varied considerably between the studies, ranging from 11.5% (1988‐2008) to 55.0% (2004‐2009). Two of the included studies did not only provide the HPV‐AF for the entire observed calendar period but also for separate years, allowing to more accurately assess changes over time. These studies reported increases in the HPV‐AF from 21% in 2000 to 53% in 2015 and from 38% in 2004 to 71% in 2013, respectively.
Implementing Ethical Decision‐Making: Strategies for Today's Community College Presidents
Authors: Trent Monica Parrish , Pollard DeRionne P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReform initiatives have challenged community college leaders to reconsider what is right and wrong while also challenging our organizational cultures, advancing a new understanding of our mission, and forcing us to reconsider how we engage in the work of educating a public that needs us now more than ever.
Time course of the survival advantage of transcatheter over surgical aortic valve replacement: Interplay between sex and patient risk profile
Authors: Ueshima Daisuke , Masiero Giulia , Schiavo Alessandro , Badawy Mostafa Rabea Abdelhaleem , Fraccaro Chiara , Napodano Massimo , Brener Sorin J. , Tarantini Giuseppe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the time course of survival advantage of TAVR over SAVR as function of the patients' risk and sex.BackgroundWomen have been reported to have better survival than men undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, scant data on the sex‐based survival benefit of TAVR over surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) are available.MethodsA systematic review of studies reporting clinical outcomes of men and women undergoing TAVR or SAVR was performed. Studies were divided into two groups according to average patient's risk score and the interplay of surgical risk and sex on outcomes were analyzed.ResultsEight studies involving 6,596 women and 7,204 men patients were extracted. Unlike mens, women patients had survival advantage from TAVR over SAVR that became substantial at 1 year from index procedure and persisted at 2‐year of follow‐up. Moreover, this sex‐based TAVR survival advantage was mainly observed in higher surgical risk patients. Men showed a significantly lower rate of residual paravalvular leak after SAVR.ConclusionsWomen patients had a selective mortality benefit from TAVR compared to SAVR. This sex‐based TAVR benefit was mainly observed in high surgical risk patients beyond 1 year from procedure.
Damaged starch in pea versus wheat flours: Fragmentation behavior and contribution of fine and coarse fractions
Authors: Monnet Anne‐Flore , Eurieult Alexandre , Berland Sophie , Almeida Giana , Jeuffroy Marie‐Hélène , Michon Camille 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesParticle size distribution and damaged starch content have a major impact on flour quality because they influence the behavior of flour during hydration in processing. Particle size distribution and starch damage of legume flours and their relationship during grinding have not been evaluated. The standard enzymatic method for the measurement of damaged starch content (AACC 76‐31) was used to find a new calibration equation for the rapid amperometric method (SDmatic, AACC 76‐33.01) for legume flours. Changes in particle size distribution and starch damage during regrinding in a commercial pea flour were compared with those in a commercial wheat flour.FindingsLegume flours had a smaller damaged starch content (0.8–4.7 SD%) than wheat flours (2.2–7.0 SD%). The bimodal particle size distribution of flours was linked to structural elements as confirmed by environmental scanning electron microscopy and laser granulometry. Particle size distribution and starch damage varied concomitantly during regrinding in the commercial pea flour as in the commercial wheat flour. The main factor responsible for the increase in damaged starch content was an increase in the proportion of the fine fraction in the flour. Fine fractions contained higher damaged starch contents than coarse fractions.ConclusionsHypotheses concerning differences in fragmentation mechanisms in the two flours were formulated, suggesting that pea flour has a higher likelihood for fracture but less tendency to produce damaged starch than wheat flour.Significance and noveltyThe amperometric method (AACC 76‐33.01) can be used for a rapid estimation of the damaged starch content in legume flours. Furthermore, the results suggest a lower hardness of pea flour material compared to wheat flour material that would have a significant impact on milling strategies.
Integrating Biogas Plants into Microgrids for Bridging Temporary Power Supply Interruptions
Authors: Kirchner Dirk , Thrän Daniela 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRenewable energies thus far have not become a part of a grid restoration process. By building small island grids after a blackout, renewable energies can be integrated into the grid restoration process. Bioenergy‐based power plants have some importance for the supply of such island grids because of their high degree of reliability and controllability. Modern bioenergy plants have electrical loads within a specific kW range, which can be partially used in demand‐side management. A concept for the control structure of off‐grid energy systems with a demand‐side management using a microgrid of a farm supplied by a biogas plant as an example is presented. For the integrability of electrical loads of the biogas plant into the energy management system of the microgrid, an off‐grid control procedure has been designed.
Experimental Study of Air Entrainment Rates due to Inclined Liquid Jets
Authors: Miwa Shuichiro , Xiao Yi Geng , Saito Yuya , Hibiki Takashi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe air entrainment rate due to inclined liquid jet plunging into a pool was investigated experimentally. Three types of fluids with varying physical properties in terms of viscosity and surface tension were utilized. For the impinging jet test section, nozzles with different inner diameters were selected. The inclination angles and liquid jet velocities at the nozzle outlet were varied and the entrained air rate was measured by the soap meniscus method. Taking the falling velocity of the liquid jet as a characteristic velocity, it was found that the air entrainment rate under the present experimental condition largely depended on the Weber number. From the obtained database, a new empirical model dependent on the Weber number and Laplace length scale is proposed which is capable of predicting the air entrainment flow rate at a mean absolute relative deviation of 21.7 %.
Experience of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a refractory cardiac arrest patient at the emergency department
Authors: Han Kap Su , Kim Su Jin , Lee Eui Jung , Jung Jae Seung , Park Jae Hyoung , Lee Sung Woo 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a method to improve survival outcomes in refractory cardiac arrest.HypothesisThis study aimed to determine the associated factors related to outcome and to analyze the post‐ECPR management in patients who received ECPR due to nonresponse to advanced cardiac life support (ACLS).MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis based on a prospective cohort. Cardiac arrest patients who received ECPR in our emergency department from May 2006 to December 2017 were selected from the prospective cohort. Patients who received ECPR for rearrest were excluded. The primary outcome was survival to discharge.ResultsECPR was attempted in 100 patients who did not respond to ACLS. Fourteen patients survived to discharge, and 12 (85.7%) patients showed good neurologic outcomes. The rate of survival to discharge decreased according to increasing age and ACLS duration. Age, presence of any return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during ACLS, and prolongation of ACLS were associated factors for survival discharge in ECPR patients. Fourteen patients required distal perfusion catheters, and 35 patients received continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The proportion of death was the highest within 24 hours after ECPR as 57.0%.ConclusionsThe early transition from ACLS to ECPR may improve the ECPR outcomes. In addition, good outcomes are expected for ECPR performed after refractory arrest if the patient is young and experiences an ROSC event during ACLS. In post ECPR management, the majority of mortality events were occurred in the early period, and distal perfusion catheter and CRRT were frequently required.
Chiral Graphs: Reduced Representations of Ligand Scaffolds for Stereoselective Biomolecular Recognition, Drug Design, and Enhanced Exploration of Chemical Structure Space
Authors: Mikhael Simoun , Abrol Ravinder 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRational structure‐based drug design relies on a detailed, atomic‐level understanding of protein–ligand interactions. The chiral nature of drug binding sites in proteins has led to the discovery of predominantly chiral drugs. A mechanistic understanding of stereoselectivity (which governs how one stereoisomer of a drug might bind stronger than the others to a protein) depends on the topology of stereocenters in the chiral molecule. Chiral graphs and reduced chiral graphs, introduced here, are new topological representations of chiral ligands using graph theory, to facilitate a detailed understanding of chiral recognition of ligands/drugs by proteins. These representations are demonstrated by application to all ≈14 000+ chiral ligands in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), which will facilitate an understanding of protein–ligand stereoselectivity mechanisms. Ligand modifications during drug development can be easily incorporated into these chiral graphs. In addition, these chiral graphs present an efficient tool for a deep dive into the enormous chemical structure space to enable sampling of unexplored structural scaffolds.
Synthesis and Application of Ion‐Imprinted Nanoparticles in Electrochemical Sensors for Copper (II) Determination
Authors: Di Masi Sabrina , Garcia Cruz Alvaro , Canfarotta Francesco , Cowen Todd , Marote Pedro , Malitesta Cosimino , Piletsky Sergey A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe report here the synthesis and characterisation of ion imprinted polymers nanoparticles (nanoIIPs) and their application as electrochemical sensors for Cu2+ ions determination. Imprinted nanoparticles were developed following a free radical polymerisation in water and subsequently immobilised on the surface of gold screen printed electrodes (SPAuE). Characterisation of nanoIIPs was performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical determination of Cu2+ was achieved in water samples using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Voltammetric responses demonstrate different current responses for copper(II)‐imprinted polymers nanoparticles (Cu‐nanoIIPs) and non‐imprinted polymer nanoparticles. The nanoIIPs sensor responds to copper (II) in a linear range between 1.9 and 61 nM, with a sensitivity of 0.0618 μA nM−1. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the electrochemical sensor tested in buffer solution were 74 pM and 247 pM, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor presents high selectivity when tested against other ions such as Ni2+, Zn2+, NO3−, and CrO42−, and it is potentially suitable for environmental monitoring of heavy metals and food control. The sensor responses were also successfully evaluated in spiked commercialised drinking water.
Seriate cytology vs molecular analysis of peritoneal washing to improve gastric cancer cells detection
Authors: Taffon Chiara , Giovannoni Isabella , Mozetic Pamela , Capolupo Gabriella Teresa , La Vaccara Vincenzo , Cinque Cristina , Caricato Chiara , Rainer Alberto , Zelano Giovanni , Crescenzi Anna 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundIntraperitoneal malignant cells detection in patients with gastric cancer is associated with a significant decrease in overall survival. The overall accuracy of cytological examination of peritoneal lavages, however, is quite low, and intraperitoneal recurrence has been observed even in patients with negative cytology. Immunocytochemistry and molecular techniques have been investigated to improve high‐risk patients' identification with variable results. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of different laboratory methods applied to peritoneal washing, to improve the cytological identification of malignant cells.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 21 patients who underwent surgery and peritoneal lavage for gastric cancer. Among them, 18 had negative cytology and three were positive for malignant cells. For each patient, immunohistochemistry with BerEP4 antibody was performed on seriate sections of cellblock preparation at different levels, using the method reported for sentinel nodes in other types of cancer. Paired frozen quotes of washing fluids were evaluated by qRT‐PCR with primer for mRNA of Ceacam5.ResultsIn 4 of 18 patients with previous negative routine cytology, isolated neoplastic cells in seriate sections of the cellblock inclusion have been found. Results showed to be coherent with molecular analysis for CEA mRNA.ConclusionThe sensitivity and specificity of peritoneal washing analyses should be notably improved by immunohistochemistry applied to multilevel cellblock sectioning. The method is less expensive and more widely applicable than molecular analysis, in each laboratory setting. This approach allows detection of minimum peritoneal seeding in patients with gastric cancer.
Determination of DP‐VPA and its active metabolite, VPA, in human plasma, urine, and feces by UPLC–MS/MS: A clinical pharmacokinetics and excretion study
Authors: Li Yi , Zhan Huizhong , Fan Yaxin , Zhang Jing , Cao Guoying , Yu Jicheng , Chen Yuancheng , Guo Beining 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDP‐VPA is a phospholipid prodrug of valproic acid (VPA) that is developed as a potential treatment for epilepsy. To characterize the pharmacokinetics and excretion of DP‐VPA, four reliable ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) methods were validated for quantitation of DP‐VPA and its metabolite, VPA, in human plasma, urine, and feces. Protein precipitation and solid‐phase extraction (SPE) were used for extraction of C16, C18 homologs of DP‐VPA and VPA, respectively, from plasma. Urine and fecal homogenate involving the three analytes were efficiently prepared by methanol precipitation. The determinations of C16 DP‐VPA, C18 DP‐VPA, and VPA were performed using the positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and the negative single ion monitoring (SIM) mode, respectively. The analytes were separated using gradient elution on C8 or phenyl column. Satisfactory results pertaining to selectivity, linearity, matrix effect, accuracy and precision, recovery, stability, dilution integrity, carryover, and incurred sample analysis (ISR) were obtained. The calibration ranges in human plasma were as follows: 0.00200–1.00 μg/mL for C16 DP‐VPA, 0.0100–5.00 μg/mL for C18 DP‐VPA, and 0.0500–20.0 μg/mL for VPA. The linear ranges in urine and fecal homogenate were 0.00500–2.00 μg/mL and 0.00200–0.800 μg/mL for C16 DP‐VPA, 0.00500–2.00 μg/mL and 0.0100–4.00 μg/mL for C18 DP‐VPA, and 0.200–80.0 μg/mL for VPA, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐batch coefficients of variation in three matrices ranged from 1.7% to 12.4% while the accuracy values ranged from 85.4% to 111.7%. The developed methods were successfully applied to determine pharmacokinetics of DP‐VPA tablet after a single oral dose of 1200 mg in 12 healthy Chinese subjects under fed condition.
Importance of considering soils in seed transfer zone development: evidence from a study of the nativeBromus marginatus
Authors: Gibson Alexis , Nelson Cara R. , Rinehart Susan , Archer Vince , Eramian Aram 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSeed transfer zones, which define the geographical relationship between adaptive traits and environmental factors, are increasingly used to determine the source populations that can be combined in restoration and revegetation. Climatic variables have been the most commonly used environmental data in transfer zone development, even though soils are also a primary selective force on plants. We assessed the importance of including soils in seed transfer zones usingBromus marginatus, a native grass used for restoration and revegetation in the western United States, as an example. Seeds were collected from 64 populations across Montana and Idaho and grown in a common garden for two years. We assessed among‐population variation based on 11 traits related to germination rate, plant size, vigor, inflorescence number, survival, and carbon isotope discrimination (∆13), and used this variation to develop seed transfer zone maps using two approaches: (1) a conventional approach, using only climatic variables (climate only) and (2) an expanded approach that included soils and climatic variables (soils + climate). The most influential drivers of trait variation were factors related to soil water availability: soil order, available water content (AWC), and organic carbon levels. Populations from areas with andic soils, which have high soil AWC and soil organic carbon, had low germination, limited first‐year survival, low ∆13, and small seeds. Growing season length and winter temperatures were also predictive of trait variation. In comparison to climate‐only models, soils + climate models explained 11% more variance (120% relative increase) for ∆13and an average of 4.5% more (27% relative increase) for growth traits and survival. The transfer zone map developed using soils + climate differed from the climate‐only map in both spatial pattern of ecotypic variation and number of transfer zones; the soils + climate map had more zones and a higher proportion of small (<4 km2) transfer zone patches, while the climate‐only map had more large patches >37 km2. Including soils in transfer zone development may identify adaptive trait variation that is obscured by large‐scale differences in climate and could improve plant materials used for ecosystem management.
EasyCodeML: A visual tool for analysis of selection using CodeML
Authors: Gao Fangluan , Chen Chengjie , Arab Daej A. , Du Zhenguo , He Yehua , Ho Simon Y. W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe genomic signatures of positive selection and evolutionary constraints can be detected by analyses of nucleotide sequences. One of the most widely used programs for this purpose is CodeML, part of the PAML package. Although a number of bioinformatics tools have been developed to facilitate the use of CodeML, these have various limitations. Here, we present a wrapper tool named EasyCodeML that provides a user‐friendly graphical interface for using CodeML. EasyCodeML has a custom running mode in which parameters can be adjusted to meet different requirements. It also offers a preset running mode in which an evolutionary analysis pipeline and publication‐quality tables can be exported by a single click. EasyCodeML allows visualized, interactive tree labelling, which greatly simplifies the use of the branch, branch‐site, and clade models of selection. The program allows comparison of major codon‐based models for analyses of selection. EasyCodeML is a stand‐alone package that is supported in Windows, Mac, and Linux operating systems, and is freely available at https://github.com/BioEasy/EasyCodeML.
External oscillator‐less TDC‐based all‐digital temperature sensor
Authors: Shimada Hideto , Mizuno Kentaro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a Time‐to‐Digital Converter (TDC)‐based all‐digital temperature sensor with small inaccuracy even at wide temperature range. The proposed sensor utilized CMOS inverters show different temperature characteristics to embed an oscillator that previous sensors have used as external component. Moreover, the temperature characteristic of a diode is used to improve the temperature inaccuracy. The sensor in 180‐nm CMOS process tested from −40°C to 200°C shows −2.56°C to +2.84°C inaccuracy.
Long‐term evidence for fire as an ecohydrologic threshold‐reversal mechanism on woodland‐encroached sagebrush shrublands
Authors: Williams C. Jason , Pierson Frederick B. , Nouwakpo Sayjro K. , Kormos Patrick R. , Al‐Hamdan Osama Z. , Weltz Mark A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEncroachment of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) shrublands by pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) conifers (woodland encroachment) induces a shift from biotic‐controlled resource retention to abiotic‐driven loss of soil resources. This shift is driven by a coarsening of the vegetation structure with increasing dominance of site resources by trees. Competition between the encroaching trees and understory vegetation for limited soil and water resources facilitates extensive bare intercanopy area between trees and concomitant increases in run‐off and erosion that, over time, propagate persistence of the shrubland‐to‐woodland conversion. We evaluated whether tree removal by burning can decrease late‐succession woodland ecohydrologic resilience by increasing vegetation and ground cover over a 9‐year period after fire and whether the soil erosion feedback on late‐succession woodlands is reversible by burning. To address these questions, we employed a suite of vegetation and soil measurements and rainfall simulation and concentrated overland flow experiments across multiple plot scales on unburned and burned areas at two sagebrush sites in the later stages of woodland succession. Prior to burning, tree cover was approximately 28% at the sites, and more than 70% of the area at the sites was intercanopy with depauperate understory vegetation and extensive bare ground (52–60% bare soil and rock). Burning initially increased bare ground across fine (<1 m2) to patch (tens of metres) scales, resulting in enhanced sediment availability at the fine scale, sustained high run‐off and erosion within degraded intercanopies, amplified run‐off and erosion from tree canopy areas, and amplified sediment delivery across fine to patch scales. However, fire‐induced increases in grass cover over nine growing seasons improved infiltration, limited run‐off and sediment delivery from the fine scale, and reduced intercanopy run‐off and erosion at the patch scale. These changes reflect a switch in vegetation structure, triggered by burning and subsequent vegetation re‐establishment, and a shift to biotic control on run‐off and erosion across spatial scales. The responses and persistence over the 9‐year period postfire at the two sites demonstrate that fire can decrease woodland ecohydrologic resilience by altering plant community physiognomy and thereby can reverse the soil erosion feedback on sagebrush shrublands in the later stages of woodland encroachment.