bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meibum Expressibility Improvement as a Therapeutic Target of Intense Pulsed Light Treatment in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Its Association with Tear Inflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Choi Moonjung , Han Soo Jung , Ji Yong Woo , Choi Young Joon , Jun Ikhyun , Alotaibi Mutlaq Hamad , Ko Byung Yi , Kim Eung Kweon , Kim Tae-im , Nam Sang Min , Seo Kyoung Yul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD); however, its effective treatment targets have not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the baseline characteristics associated with an improvement in symptoms after IPL treatment; to examine the course of change in inflammatory tear cytokines, meibomian gland function, and tear stability; and to investigate the correlation between cytokines and ocular surface parameters. Thirty participants underwent three sessions of IPL treatment. During each examination, tear film lipid layer interferometry, meibography, tear meniscus height measurement, tear sampling, and slit-lamp examination were performed, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was administered. Meibum quality, meibum expressibility, lid margin abnormality, tear film break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining, and the OSDI significantly improved after treatment. Poor meibum expressibility and short TBUT were associated with greater recovery in the OSDI after IPL. Tear levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-α decreased after IPL, and IL-6, and TNF-α were correlated with the improvement in meibum expressibility. Therefore, IPL treatment improved meibomian gland function, stabilized the tear film, and decreased ocular surface inflammation. Patients with obstructive MGD and tear instability were more likely to experience an improvement in ocular discomfort after IPL treatment.
Hair Proteome Variation at Different Body Locations on Genetically Variant Peptide Detection for Protein-Based Human Identification
Authors: Chu Fanny , Mason Katelyn E. , Anex Deon S. , Jones A. Daniel , Hart Bradley R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHuman hair contains minimal intact nuclear DNA for human identification in forensic and archaeological applications. In contrast, proteins offer a pathway to exploit hair evidence for human identification owing to their persistence, abundance, and derivation from DNA. Individualizing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are often conserved as single amino acid polymorphisms in genetically variant peptides (GVPs). Detection of GVP markers in the hair proteome via high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry permits inference of SNPs with known statistical probabilities. To adopt this approach for forensic investigations, hair proteomic variation and its effects on GVP identification must first be characterized. This research aimed to assess variation in single-inch head, arm, and pubic hair, and discover body location-invariant GVP markers to distinguish individuals. Comparison of protein profiles revealed greater body location-specific variation in keratin-associated proteins and intracellular proteins, allowing body location differentiation. However, robust GVP markers derive primarily from keratins that do not exhibit body location-specific differential expression, supporting GVP identification independence from hair proteomic variation at the various body locations. Further, pairwise comparisons of GVP profiles with 8 SNPs demonstrated greatest interindividual variation and high intraindividual consistency, enabling similar differentiative potential of individuals using single hairs irrespective of body location origin.
Rat liver folate metabolism can provide an independent functioning of associated metabolic pathways
Authors: Zaitsev Aleksandr V. , Martinov Michael V. , Vitvitsky Victor M. , Ataullakhanov Fazoil I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFolate metabolism in mammalian cells is essential for multiple vital processes, including purine and pyrimidine synthesis, histidine catabolism, methionine recycling, and utilization of formic acid. It remains unknown, however, whether these processes affect each other via folate metabolism or can function independently based on cellular needs. We addressed this question using a quantitative mathematical model of folate metabolism in rat liver cytoplasm. Variation in the rates of metabolic processes associated with folate metabolism (i.e., purine and pyrimidine synthesis, histidine catabolism, and influxes of formate and methionine) in the model revealed that folate metabolism is organized in a striking manner that enables activation or inhibition of each individual process independently of the metabolic fluxes in others. In mechanistic terms, this independence is based on the high activities of a group of enzymes involved in folate metabolism, which efficiently maintain close-to-equilibrium ratios between substrates and products of enzymatic reactions.
Down-regulation of GATA1-dependent erythrocyte-related genes in the spleens of mice exposed to a space travel
Authors: Horie Kenta , Sasanuma Hiroki , Kudo Takashi , Fujita Shin-ichiro , Miyauchi Maki , Miyao Takahisa , Seki Takao , Akiyama Nobuko , Takakura Yuki , Shimbo Miki , Jeon Hyojung , Shirakawa Masaki , Shiba Dai , Yoshida Nobuaki , Muratani Masafumi , Takahashi Satoru , Akiyama Taishin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSecondary lymphoid organs are critical for regulating acquired immune responses. The aim of this study was to characterize the impact of spaceflight on secondary lymphoid organs at the molecular level. We analysed the spleens and lymph nodes from mice flown aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in orbit for 35 days, as part of a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency mission. During flight, half of the mice were exposed to 1 g by centrifuging in the ISS, to provide information regarding the effect of microgravity and 1 g exposure during spaceflight. Whole-transcript cDNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the spleen suggested that erythrocyte-related genes regulated by the transcription factor GATA1 were significantly down-regulated in ISS-flown vs. ground control mice. GATA1 and Tal1 (regulators of erythropoiesis) mRNA expression was consistently reduced by approximately half. These reductions were not completely alleviated by 1 g exposure in the ISS, suggesting that the combined effect of space environments aside from microgravity could down-regulate gene expression in the spleen. Additionally, plasma immunoglobulin concentrations were slightly altered in ISS-flown mice. Overall, our data suggest that spaceflight might disturb the homeostatic gene expression of the spleen through a combination of microgravity and other environmental changes.
Anatomical Variation of the Tibia – a Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Quintens Liselore , Herteleer Michiel , Vancleef Sanne , Carette Yannick , Duflou Joost , Nijs Stefaan , Sloten Jos Vander , Hoekstra Harm 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConventional anatomically contoured plates do not adequately fit most tibiae. This emphasizes the need for a more thorough morphological study. Statistical shape models are promising tools to display anatomical variations within a population. Herein, we aim to provide a better insight into the anatomical variations of the tibia and tibia plateau. Seventy-nine CT scans of tibiae were segmented, and a principal component analysis was performed. Five morphologically important parameters were measured on the 3D models of the mean tibial shapes as well as the −3SD and +3 SD tibial shapes of the first five components. Longer, wider tibiae are related to a more rounded course of the posterior column, a less prominent tip of the medial malleolus, and a more posteriorly directed fibular notch. Varus/valgus deformations and the angulation of the posterior tibia plateau represent only a small percentage of the total variation. Right and left tibiae are not always perfectly symmetrical, especially not at the level of the tibia plateau. The largest degree of anatomical variation of the tibia is found in its length and around the tibia plateau. Because of the large variation in the anatomy, a more patient-specific approach could improve implant fit, anatomical reduction, biomechanical stability and hardware-related complications.
Comprehensive transcriptome analysis and functional characterization of PR-5 for its involvement in tomato Sw-7 resistance to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus
Authors: Padmanabhan Chellappan , Ma Qiyue , Shekasteband Reza , Stewart Kevin S. , Hutton Samuel F. , Scott John W. , Fei Zhangjun , Ling Kai-Shu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV), one of the most important plant viruses, causes yield losses to many crops including tomato. The current disease management for TSWV is based mainly on breeding tomato cultivars containing the Sw-5 locus. Unfortunately, several Sw-5 resistance-breaking strains of TSWV have been identified. Sw-7 is an alternative locus conferring resistance to a broad range of TSWV strains. In an effort to uncover gene networks that are associated with the Sw-7 resistance, we performed a comparative transcriptome profiling and gene expression analysis between a nearly-isogenic Sw-7 line and its susceptible recurrent parent (Fla. 8059) upon infection by TSWV. A total of 1,244 differentially expressed genes were identified throughout a disease progression process involving networks of host resistance genes, RNA silencing/antiviral defense genes, and crucial transcriptional and translational regulators. Notable induced genes in Sw-7 include those involved in callose accumulation, lignin deposition, proteolysis process, transcriptional activation/repression, and phosphorylation. Finally, we investigated potential involvement of PR-5 in the Sw-7 resistance. Interestingly, PR-5 overexpressed plants conferred enhanced resistance, resulting in delay in virus accumulation and symptom expression. These findings will facilitate breeding and genetic engineering efforts to incorporate this new source of resistance in tomato for protection against TSWV.
Birth weight is not causally associated with adult asthma: results from instrumental variable analyses
Authors: Zeng Ping , Yu Xinghao , Zhou Xiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe association between lower birth weight and childhood asthma is well established. However, it remains unclear whether the influence of lower birth weight on asthma can persist into adulthood. We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the causal relationship of birth weight (~140,000 individuals) on the risk of adult asthma (~62,000 individuals). We estimated the causal effect of birth weight to be 1.00 (95% CI 0.98~1.03, p = 0.737) using the genetic risk score method. We did not observe nonlinear relationship or gender difference for the estimated causal effect. With the inverse-variance weighted method, the causal effect of birth weight on adult asthma was estimated to be 1.02 (95% CI 0.84~1.24, p = 0.813). Additionally, the iMAP method provides no additional genome-wide evidence supporting the causal effects of birth weight on adult asthma. Our results were robust against various sensitivity analyses, and MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger regression showed that no instrument outliers and no horizontal pleiotropy were likely to bias the results. Overall, our study provides no evidence for the fetal origins of diseases hypothesis for adult asthma, implying that the impact of birth weight on asthma in years of children and adolescents does not persist into adult and previous findings may be biased by confounders.
Comb-rooted multi-channel synthesis of ultra-narrow optical frequencies of few Hz linewidth
Authors: Jang Heesuk , Kim Byung Soo , Chun Byung Jae , Kang Hyun Jay , Jang Yoon-Soo , Kim Yong Woo , Kim Young-Jin , Kim Seung-Woo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report a multi-channel optical frequency synthesizer developed to generate extremely stable continuous-wave lasers directly out of the optical comb of an Er-doped fiber oscillator. Being stabilized to a high-finesse cavity with a fractional frequency stability of 3.8 × 10−15 at 0.1 s, the comb-rooted synthesizer produces multiple optical frequencies of ultra-narrow linewidth of 1.0 Hz at 1 s concurrently with an output power of tens of mW per each channel. Diode-based stimulated emission by injection locking is a key mechanism that allows comb frequency modes to sprout up with sufficient power amplification but no loss of original comb frequency stability. Channel frequencies are individually selectable with a 0.1 GHz increment over the entire comb bandwidth spanning 4.25 THz around a 1550 nm center wavelength. A series of out-of-loop test results is discussed to demonstrate that the synthesizer is able to provide stable optical frequencies with the potential for advancing diverse ultra-precision applications such as optical clocks comparison, atomic line spectroscopy, photonic microwaves generation, and coherent optical telecommunications.
Climate impacts on long-term silage maize yield in Germany
Authors: Peichl Michael , Thober Stephan , Samaniego Luis , Hansjürgens Bernd , Marx Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, we examine the impacts of climate change on variations in the long-term mean silage maize yield using a statistical crop model at the county level in Germany. The explanatory variables, which consider sub-seasonal effects, are soil moisture anomalies for June and August and precipitation and temperature for July. Climate projections from five regional climate models (RCMs) are used to simulate soil moisture with the mesoscale Hydrologic Model and force the statistical crop model. The results indicate an average yield reduction of −120 to −1050 (kilogram/hectare)/annum (kg ha−1 a−1) for the period 2021–2050 compared to the baseline period 1971–2000. The multi-model yield decreases between −370 and −3910 kg ha−1 a−1 until the end of the century (2070–2099). The maximum projected mean loss is less than 10% in magnitude of average yields in Germany in 1999–2015. The crop model shows a strong ability to project long-term mean yield changes but is not designed to capture inter-annual variations. Based on the RCM outcomes, July temperature and August soil moisture anomalies are the main factors for the projected yield anomalies. Furthermore, effects such as adaptation and CO2 fertilization are not included in our model. Accounting for these might lead to a slight overall increase in the future silage maize yield of Germany.
Adjacent intact nociceptive neurons drive the acute outburst of pain following peripheral axotomy
Authors: Chen Zhiyong , Wang Tao , Fang Yehong , Luo Dan , Anderson Michael , Huang Qian , He Shaoqiu , Song Xiaodan , Cui Huan , Dong Xinzhong , Xie Yikuan , Guan Yun , Ma Chao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInjury of peripheral nerves may quickly induce severe pain, but the mechanism remains obscure. We observed a rapid onset of spontaneous pain and evoked pain hypersensitivity after acute transection of the L5 spinal nerve (SNT) in awake rats. The outburst of pain was associated with a rapid development of spontaneous activities and hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons in the adjacent uninjured L4 dorsal root ganglion (DRG), as revealed by both in vivo electrophysiological recording and high-throughput calcium imaging in vivo. Transection of the L4 dorsal root or intrathecal infusion of aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitor attenuated the spontaneous activity, suggesting that retrograde signals from the spinal cord may contribute to the sensitization of L4 DRG neurons after L5 SNT. Electrical stimulation of low-threshold afferents proximal to the axotomized L5 spinal nerve attenuated the spontaneous activities in L4 DRG and pain behavior. These findings suggest that peripheral axotomy may quickly induce hyperexcitability of uninjured nociceptors in the adjacent DRG that drives an outburst of pain.
Dissimilarity-driven behavior and cooperation in the spatial public goods game
Authors: Fang Yinhai , Benko Tina P. , Perc Matjaž , Xu Haiyan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the impact of four different types of dissimilarity-driven behavior on the evolution of cooperation in the spatial public goods game. While it is commonly assumed that individuals adapt their strategy by imitating one of their more successful neighbors, in reality only very few will be awarded the highest payoffs. Many have equity or equality preferences, and they have to make do with an average or even with a low payoff. To account for this, we divide the population into two categories. One consists of payoff-driven players, while the other consists of dissimilarity-driven players. The later imitate the minority strategy in their group based on four different dissimilarity-driven behaviors. The rule that most effectively promotes cooperation, and this regardless of the multiplication factor of the public goods game, is when individuals adopt the minority strategy only when their payoff is better than that of their neighbors. If the dissimilarity-driven players adopt the minority strategy regardless of the payoffs of others, or if their payoff is the same, the population typically evolves towards a neutral state where cooperators and defectors are equally common. This may be beneficial when the multiplication factor is low, when defectors would otherwise dominate. However, if the dissimilarity-driven players adopt the minority strategy only when their payoff is worse than that of their neighbors, then cooperation is not promoted at all in comparison to the baseline case in the absence of dissimilarity-driven behavior. We explore the pattern formation behind these results, and we discuss their wider implications for the better understanding of cooperative behavior in social groups.
Non-enzymatic hydrogen sulfide production from cysteine in blood is catalyzed by iron and vitamin B6
Authors: Yang Jie , Minkler Paul , Grove David , Wang Rui , Willard Belinda , Dweik Raed , Hine Christopher 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays important roles in metabolism and health. Its enzymatic generation from sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) is well characterized. However, the existence of non-enzymatic H2S production from SAAs, the chemical mechanism, and its biological implications remain unclear. Here we present non-enzymatic H2S production in vitro and in blood via a reaction specific for the SAA cysteine serving as substrate and requires coordinated catalysis by Vitamin B6, pyridoxal(phosphate), and iron under physiological conditions. An initial cysteine-aldimine is formed by nucleophilic attack of the cysteine amino group to the pyridoxal(phosphate) aldehyde group. Free or heme-bound iron drives the formation of a cysteine-quinonoid, thiol group elimination, and hydrolysis of the desulfurated aldimine back to pyridoxal(phosphate). The reaction ultimately produces pyruvate, NH3, and H2S. This work highlights enzymatic production is inducible and robust in select tissues, whereas iron-catalyzed production contributes underappreciated basal H2S systemically with pathophysiological implications in hemolytic, iron overload, and hemorrhagic disorders.
Ultrafast Relativistic Electron Nanoprobes
Authors: Ji F. , Durham D. B. , Minor A. M. , Musumeci P. , Navarro J. G. , Filippetto D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne of the frontiers in electron scattering is to couple ultrafast temporal resolution with highly localized probes to investigate the role of microstructure on material properties. Here, taking advantage of the high average brightness of our electron source, we demonstrate the generation of ultrafast relativistic electron beams with picometer-scale emittance and their ability to probe nanoscale features on materials with complex microstructures. The electron beam is tightly focused at the sample plane by a custom in-vacuum lens system, and its evolution around the waist is accurately reconstructed. We then use the focused beam to characterize a Ti-6 wt% Al polycrystalline sample by correlating the diffraction and imaging modality, showcasing the capability to locate grain boundaries and map adjacent crystallographic domains with sub-micron precision. This work provides a paradigm for ultrafast electron instrumentation, enabling characterization techniques such as relativistic ultrafast electron nano-diffraction and ultrafast scanning transmission electron microscopy.
Framework for Selecting Vocabulary for Preliterate Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Bean Allison , Cargill Lindsey Paden , Lyle Samantha 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Nearly 50% of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide services to school-age children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, many SLPs report having insufficient knowledge in the area of AAC implementation. The objective of this tutorial is to provide clinicians with a framework for supporting 1 area of AAC implementation: vocabulary selection for preliterate children who use AAC.

Method
This tutorial focuses on 4 variables that clinicians should consider when selecting vocabulary: (a) contexts/environments where the vocabulary can be used, (b) time span during which the vocabulary will be relevant, (c) whether the vocabulary can elicit and maintain interactions with other people, and (d) whether the vocabulary will facilitate developmentally appropriate grammatical structures. This tutorial focuses on the role that these variables play in language development in verbal children with typical development, verbal children with language impairment, and nonverbal children who use AAC.

Results
Use of the 4 variables highlighted above may help practicing SLPs select vocabulary that will best facilitate language acquisition in preliterate children who use AAC.
Relationships Between Radiation Exposure Dose, Time, and Projection in Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies
Authors: Bonilha Heather Shaw , Wilmskoetter Janina , Tipnis Sameer , Horn Janet , Martin-Harris Bonnie , Huda Walter 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Clinicians are trained to rely on radiation exposure time as an indicator of patient radiation exposure in Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies (VFSSs). However, it has been shown in other medical uses of fluoroscopy that dose area product (DAP), the amount of radiation delivered to the patient, is a better indicator of overall patient radiation exposure than radiation exposure time. This study sought to understand the relationship of DAP in VFSSs with radiation exposure time and projection used (lateral vs. posterior–anterior [PA]).

Method
DAP, radiation exposure time, and projection were recorded in 200 adults undergoing clinically indicated VFSSs conducted in accordance with the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile guidelines. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and related sample Wilcoxon test.

Results

DAP and radiation exposure time did not correlate significantly in the lateral or upper PA projections. DAP was significantly higher in the PA compared to lateral projection (
p
< .01); however, time was shorter in PA versus lateral (
p
< .01). The average mGy-cm
2
per second was 7 for lateral projections, 14 for upper PA projections, 17 for middle PA projections, and 34 for lower PA projections.

Conclusions
Radiation exposure time and DAP do not strongly correlate across VFSSs. Specifically, this means that 1 patient can have a low radiation exposure time with a high DAP relative to another person with a higher radiation exposure time but a lower DAP. The results of this study question the common clinical practice of using time (specifically the 5-min indicator) as a threshold for radiation exposure during a VFSSs.