bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legislation governing genetically modified and genome‐edited crops in Europe: the need for change
Authors: Halford Nigel G 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe European Commission's assessment and approval process for genetically modified (GM) crops has resulted in only two GM crop varieties being licensed for cultivation in the European Union, one of which has been withdrawn. Unable to define GM crops satisfactorily, the European Commission has fallen back on a definition based on process. The shortcomings of this approach are all too clear as the Commission grapples with the advent of genome editing. This has led to a long and damaging delay in the Commission issuing an opinion on how genome‐edited crops should be regulated. At the same time, national bans imposed by member states on GM crops without any evidence of safety concerns have been legalized. The Commission also faces the prospect of assessing an increasing number of GM and genome‐edited crops with deliberately altered composition. In this article, the operation of regulations covering GM crops in the European Union and the effect they have had on the development of plant biotechnology are reviewed, while the issues raised by new technologies are discussed. It is argued that there is an urgent need for the European Union to shift its position on plant biotechnology if agriculture is to meet the challenges of coming decades. © 2018 The Author. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Review on plant protein–polysaccharide complex coacervation, and the functionality and applicability of formed complexes
Authors: Warnakulasuriya Sumudu N , Nickerson Michael T 
Published: June 2018

AbstractControlling the interactions between plant proteins and polysaccharides can lead to the development of novel electrostatic complexed structures that can give unique functionality. This in turn can broaden the diversity of applications that they may be suitable for. Overwhelmingly in the literature, work and reviews relating to coacervation have involved the use of animal proteins. However, with the increasing demand for plant‐based protein alternatives by industry and consumers, a greater understanding of how they interact with polysaccharides is essential to control structure, functionality and applicability. This review discusses the factors governing the nature of protein–polysaccharide interactions, their functional attributes and industrial applications, with special attention given to plant proteins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of surgery in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: A monocentric retrospective analysis
Authors: Wigge Simone , Heißner Klaus , Steger Volker , Ladurner Ruth , Traub Frank , Sipos Bence , Bösmüller Hans , Kanz Lothar , Mayer Frank , Kopp Hans‐Georg 
Published: June 2018

Background and ObjectivesThe role of local surgical procedures in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma is still undefined. Few retrospective studies have reported survival benefits for patients with pulmonary metastases after complete surgical resection. Treatment decisions are therefore mainly based on personal experiences rather than on reproducible knowledge.MethodA total of 237 patients with metastatic sarcoma, treated between 1982 and 2015 at the University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany, were eligible for inclusion. Out of the 237 screened patients, 102 patients underwent at least one metastasectomy. Overall survival was defined as the primary endpoint in this study. For association of non‐linear relationship to the endpoint, significant prognostic factors were included into a recursive partitioning model. A subgroup analysis for long‐term survivors was also performed.ResultsThe median overall survival was 64 months. The 3‐, 5‐, 10‐, and 20‐years overall survival rates were 70.7%, 50.3%, 24.7%, and 14.8%, respectively. The number of resections and the progression‐free intervals were independent prognostic factors in three statistical models.ConclusionRepeated resections of metastases from different localizations are a strong predictor for prolonged survival. We suggest that the progression‐free interval after metastasectomy should be considered as a predictive factor for benefit from further surgery.
Intermittent Catheterization Adherence Scale (ICAS): A new tool for the evaluation of patient adherence with clean intermittent self‐catheterization
Authors: Guinet‐Lacoste Amandine , Charlanes Audrey , Chesnel Camille , Blouet Emilie , Tan Eliane , Le Breton Frédérique , Amarenco Gérard 
Published: June 2018

AimPatients who have successfully acquired the intermittent self‐catheterization (ISC) technique can be expected to use it on a long‐term basis. The aim of the present study is to present a validated evaluation scale, referred to as the ICAS (Intermittent Catheterization Adherence Scale), which can be used to assess long‐term patient adherence to prescribed ISC treatment.MethodsThe scale was validated in neurologic and non neurologic patients in an experienced French neurourology center, between September 2014 and February 2016. Eight items were chosen, providing a relatively objective insight into the degree to which patients reduce the frequency of their ISC procedures. Various factors, including the patients’ understanding of the procedure, its relevance to their specific condition, as well as their acceptance of its psychological and inherently time‐consuming drawbacks, were evaluated. The ISC construct validity and reproducibility, based on internal test‐retest consistency and test‐retest reliability, were measured using the Intra‐class Correlation Coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe ICAS was validated in 222 patients (133 females, 89 males, mean age 53 ± 11 years). The patients’ comprehension of the questions was found to be good, and the questionnaire was well accepted. Cronbach's alpha was 0.73. The ICC test‐retest consistency was also found to be good.ConclusionThe ICAS is a simple, acceptable, valid and reproducible test, and in some cases it may facilitate the medical follow‐up of ISC patients. In the clinical environment, it is found to be a valuable tool, which can assist medical staff in the prevention of complications related to ISC non‐compliance.
Fabrication of well‐defined shape memory graft polymers derived from biomass: An insight into the effect of side chain architecture on shape memory properties
Authors: Lu Chuanwei , Liu Yupeng , Yu Juan , Wang Chunpeng , Wang Jifu , Chu Fuxiang 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTFully sustainable shape memory polymers (SMPs) derived from ethyl cellulose (EC, derived from cellulose), tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA, derived from furfural), and lauryl methacrylate (LMA, derived from fatty acids) were prepared via “grafting from” atom transfer radical polymer (ATRP). The “grafting from” ATRP strategy allows to fabricate SMPs with EC as a backbone, and LMA and THFMA copolymer as a side chain. By utilizing the one‐pot and sequential monomer addition approach, two types of SMPs with random/semi‐block side chain architectures were obtained, respectively. Random/semi‐block side chain architecture of SMPs was confirmed by DSC, DMA, SAXS, and TEM. The presence of microphase separation in the SMPs with semi‐block side chain architecture provided two distinct thermal transitions, which was needed for triple‐shape memory behavior. Shape memory study showed that SMPs with semi‐block side chain architecture exhibited excellent triple‐shape memory property, and also had higher shape recovery speed and shape recovery ratio than those with random side chain architecture. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1711–1720
The effects of a windborne pollen‐provisioning cover crop on the phytoseiid community in citrus orchards in Israel
Authors: Warburg Sharon , Inbar Moshe , Gal Shira , Salomon Mor , Palevsky Eric , Sadeh Asaf 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral phytoseiid species can potentially control the citrus rust mite (CRM). Their effectiveness varies, however, as do their intraguild interactions. Under laboratory conditions, Euseius stipulatus, E. scutalis and Iphiseius degenerans preyed effectively on CRM, whereas Amblyseius swirskii and Typhlodromus athiasae had no effect on CRM. In combination with A. swirskii, Euseius numbers were reduced due to intraguild predation, and consequently CRM suppression was less effective. In the field, predatory mite species can be variably provisioned by windborne pollen released from cover crops such as Rhodes grass (RG). We aimed to determine the effects of RG on the phytoseiid community in two field experiments, on different cultivars (pomelo and Shamouti orange). We also tested these communities for negative interspecific abundance relationships that are expected if their respective laboratory‐observed intraguild interactions are manifested in the field.RESULTSOverall, on pomelo, we observed a dominance of A. swirskii, relatively low E. stipulatus and high CRM abundances. Amblyseius swirskii and E. stipulatus abundances were both elevated near RG, despite apparent intraguild predation by A. swirskii. Conversely, T. athiasae abundances were lower near RG, likely due to predation by A. swirskii. On Shamouti, E. stipulatus abundances were much higher than on pomelo and were not negatively related to A. swirskii abundances. There, RG increased E. stipulatus abundance, and CRM was reduced.CONCLUSIONRG cover cropping can enhance CRM control, depending on variation in intraguild interactions among phytoseiids, particularly between A. swirskii and E. stipulatus. These may be modulated by climatic and/or cultivar effects. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A new integral inequality and its applications to robust control problems of uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Wu Hansheng 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a new integral inequality is presented. By combining this integral inequality with adaptive approach, new design methods can be developed to synthesize some adaptive robust control schemes for a large class of uncertain nonlinear systems and to deal with well the unknown nonlinearities appearing in uncertain nonlinear control dynamical systems. As an application of the presented integral inequality to control theory, the robust stabilization problem is considered for a class of uncertain strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with both time‐delay and unknown dead‐zone input nonlinearities. It is shown that there are two main merits in the design method based on the integral inequality presented in this paper. The first one is that one need not estimate and know the unknown nonlinearities to synthesize some stabilizing control schemes. The second one is that the resulting feedback control schemes have rather simple structure.
Field investigation on the influence of yaw misalignment on the propagation of wind turbine wakes
Authors: Bromm Marc , Rott Andreas , Beck Hauke , Vollmer Lukas , Steinfeld Gerald , Kühn Martin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of the wake development of wind turbines is essential for improving the power yield of wind farms and for reducing the structural loading of the turbines. Reducing the overall negative impact of wake flows on individual turbines in a farm is one goal of wind farm control. We aim to demonstrate the applicability of yaw control for deflecting wind turbine wakes in a full‐scale field experiment. For this purpose, we conducted a measurement campaign at a multimegawatt onshore wind turbine including inflow and wake flow measurements using ground‐ and nacelle‐based long‐range light detection and ranging devices. Yaw misalignments of the turbine with respect to the inflow direction of up to 20° were investigated. We were able to show that under neutral atmospheric conditions, these turbine misalignments cause lateral deflections of its wake. Larger yaw misalignments resulted in greater wake deflection. Because of the inherent struggle in capturing complex and highly dynamic ambient conditions in the field using a limited number of sensors, we particularly focused on providing a comprehensive and comprehensible description of the measurement setup, including the identification of potential uncertainties.
Large-scale messengers from massive higher spin fields
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe show that nonperturbative production of massive higher spin fields from vacuum will accompany the generation of non-vanishing macroscopic energy-momentum tensor correlators. This argument is based on the general causal field formalism, which gives a manifestly covariant description of higher spin particles without any reference to gauge redundancy. Our findings are direct consequence of the Poincaré covariance and anlayticity of the Green’s functions and independent of any detailed particle physics model. Further, we discuss the idea that any mechanism causing imbalance between the on-shell production of left- and right-handed fields leads to a helical structure in the energy momentum correlators and violation of the macroscopic parity symmetry. We check our method for fields with spin$$ \frac{1}{2} $$12and show that it correctly reproduces previous results. The formalism, however, suffers from pathologies related to non-localities that appear for massless particles with spin ≥ 1 in flat space. We discuss the origin of these pathologies and the relevance of our findings to cosmology.
Effect of Process Parameters on the Crack Formation in Laser Metal Powder Deposition of Alloy 718
Authors: Segerstark Andreas , Andersson Joel , Svensson Lars-Erik , Ojo Olanrewaju 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Cracking in Alloy 718 using laser metal powder deposition has been evaluated in this study. It is found that the material is susceptible to cracking when the laser power is high, the scanning speed is high, and the powder-feeding rate is low. Almost all the cracks are located close to the center of the deposited wall and propagate in the normal direction to the substrate. Evidence of liquation are found at the cracked surfaces, and since all cracks reside in regions which are reheated several times, the cracks are determined to most likely be heat-affected zone liquation cracks. The influence of respective process parameter was evaluated using a design of experiment approach. It is shown that, when the powder-feeding rate is incorporated as a variable, the heat input is not a suitable indicator for the hot cracking susceptibility in laser metal powder deposition of Alloy 718. A combinatory model using the power density together with the heat input is therefore proposed.
Perioperative Inpatient Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of THA and TKA Revision
Authors: Yao Jie J. , Maradit Kremers Hilal , Kremers Walter K. , Lewallen David G. , Berry Daniel J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Depression is common in the general population, and so it is likewise common among patients undergoing THA and TKA. Depression is associated with lower perioperative patient-reported outcomes and an increased risk of postoperative complications. Antidepressants are effective in managing symptoms of depression and may potentially contribute to better functional status and better clinical outcomes after THA and TKA.

Questions/purposes
We examined (1) whether perioperative depression is associated with all-cause revisions, revisions for aseptic loosening, revisions without infection, and periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) in patients undergoing THA and TKA; and (2) whether perioperative antidepressant use reduces the risk of all-cause revisions, revisions for aseptic loosening, aseptic revisions, and PJIs in patients undergoing THA and TKA.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of adult patients (≥ 18 years) who underwent 20,112 primary and revision THAs and TKAs from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2009, at a large US tertiary care hospital. Data on patient and surgery characteristics and outcomes (dates and types of revisions, death) were ascertained through the institutional joint registry. Perioperative antidepressant use was assessed by searching the daily medication administration records beginning at admission and ending at discharge. A diagnosis of depression was present in 4466 (22%), and antidepressants were administered at the time of 5077 (25%) surgical procedures. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate associations between antidepressant use and the risk of all-cause revisions, revisions for aseptic loosening, aseptic revisions, and PJIs.

Results
Depression was associated with an increased risk of all-cause revisions (hazard ratio [HR], 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-2.02; p < 0.001) and PJIs (HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.53-3.17; p < 0.001). Overall, perioperative antidepressant use was not associated with the risk of revision or PJI, but selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) users had a lower risk of all-cause revisions (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96; p = 0.001) and aseptic revisions (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56-0.93; p = 0.013).

Conclusions
The presence of a depression diagnosis confers an increased risk of revision and PJI among patients undergoing THA and TKA, yet the risk is lower within the subset of patients who received SSRIs during the perioperative period. Future longitudinal studies with detailed antidepressant medication histories are warranted to better understand the potential biologic effects of SSRI on the risk of revision in patients undergoing THA and TKA.

Level of Evidence
Level III, therapeutic study.
What Factors Are Associated With Early Mortality in Patients Undergoing Femur Surgery for Metastatic Lung Cancer?
Authors: Kim June Hyuk , Seo Sung Wook , Chung Chae Hoon 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Pathologic fractures of the femur resulting from metastasis severely increase mortality in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, factors associated with early mortality after surgery have not been elucidated.

Questions/purposes
The purpose of this study was to identify clinical and laboratory factors available to surgeons before surgery for a metastatic femur in patients with metastatic lung cancer that might be associated with mortality at 1 and 3 months.

Methods
Between 2010 and 2014 we treated 126 patients for pathologic fracture of the femur caused by NSCLC. Of those, complete data sets for the parameters of interest (including clinical factors, laboratory factors, and survivorship) were available in 105 (83%). The factors we considered included sex, age, fracture location, surgical procedure, postoperative complications, blood cell counts, serum biomarkers, genetic alterations of primary cancer, chemotherapeutic agents, preoperative radiation therapy, pleural effusion, bone and internal organ metastasis, performance scores, and medical center where the treatment was performed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with mortality at 1 and 3 months.

Results
Intertrochanteric location was associated with a higher risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 17.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.65-109.5), lower serum albumin level was associated with an increased risk of death (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.028-0.60), and availability of a suitable chemotherapeutic target agent was associated with a lower risk of death (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08-0.91) within 3 months of surgery. Undergoing reconstruction with an endoprosthesis was associated with a higher risk of death (OR, 48.3; 95% CI, 1.7-1329) and elevated serum leukocyte count (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.4) and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were associated with a higher risk of death (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.2) within 1 month of surgery.

Conclusions
Although the risk factors for early mortality need to be validated by prospective studies, surgical options need to be reconsidered in patients with femoral metastases from NSCLS showing high ALT or leukocytosis on the preoperative blood test.

Level of Evidence
Level III, prognostic study.
Is Climate Associated With Revision for Prosthetic Joint Infection After Primary TKA?
Authors: Parkinson Ben , Armit Drew , McEwen Peter , Lorimer Michelle , Harris Ian A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Climate factors have been shown to be associated with spontaneous musculoskeletal and some surgical site infections with increased rates of infection during warmer periods. To date, little research has been performed to determine if this phenomenon is associated with differences in the risk of revision for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in primary TKA.

Questions/purposes
(1) Does the rate of revision for early PJI within the first year after primary TKA differ between tropical and nontropical regions? (2) Is there a seasonal variation in the rate of revision for PJI? (3) Is the geographic and seasonal variation (if present) associated with the sex, age, and/or American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade of the patient?

Methods
All 219,983 primary TKAs performed for osteoarthritis over a 5-year period (2011-2015) in the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry were examined based on the month of the primary procedure to determine the rate of revision for PJI within 12 months. The data were analyzed to determine the differences in the risk of revision for PJI based on geographic region and season of the primary procedure adjusting for sex, age, and ASA grade of the patient.

Results
The early revision rate for PJI was higher in the tropical compared with the nontropical region of Australia (0.73% versus 0.37%; odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-2.42; p < 0.001). The tropical region of Australia demonstrated a seasonal variation in the rate of revision for PJI with a higher rate during the warmer monsoon wet season of summer and fall (summer/fall 0.98% versus winter/spring 0.51%; OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.12-3.16; p = 0.02). A seasonal variation was not seen in the nontropical region (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.90-1.19; p = 0.64). The regional and seasonal changes were independent of sex, age, and ASA grade.

Conclusions
Climate factors are associated with the risk of early revision for PJI in patients undergoing primary TKA with rates of such revisions approximately double in tropical regions compared with nontropical regions. Additionally, tropical regions demonstrate a seasonal variation with the risk of PJI doubling during the warmer, monsoonal wet season of summer and fall. These findings should be confirmed in further studies that can better control for possible confounding variables. The mechanism for this phenomenon is not clear, and further research into this subject is also indicated.

Level of Evidence
Level III, therapeutic study.