bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-evaluating the use of the L1 in the L2 classroom: students vs. teachers
Authors: Tsagari Dina , Giannikas Christina Nicole 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe present paper examines the effects of the monolingual and the bilingual approach in the second language (L2) classroom. The outcomes of two Likert type questionnaires and classroom observations have been employed to explore teachers’ and learners’ opinions and actions in order to evaluate how the use of the native language (L1) and the L2 is used by both learners and practitioners. Data analysis shows that there is a place for both languages and, when used in a balanced manner, they can comprise a positive cognitive effect due to the fact that the language learner actively draws in interlanguage development. The present study offers clear direction for further research as there is an evident lack of knowledge of principles of L1 use in similar EFL contexts.
Robust Prediction of Filtrate Flux for Separation of Catalyst Particles from Wax Effluent of Fischer-Tropsch Bubble Column Reactor via Regularization Network
Authors: Garmroodi Asil A. , Nakhaei Pour A. , Mirzaei Sh. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The effectiveness of an internal filtration system intended for separation of wax-catalyst from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis products is investigated in the present study. The generalization performances of in-house Regularization Network (RN) equipped with efficient training algorithm is recruited for prediction of filtrate flux. The network was trained by resorting several sets of experimental data obtained from a specific system of air/paraffin liquid phase/alumina oxide particle conducted in a slurry bubble column reactor. The RN is employed to explore the relationship between the slurry phase temperature (10–60 °C), pressure difference (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 bar) and time (0–120 min) on the rate of outcome filtrate from various size of filter element (4, 8 and 12 microns). The superior recall and validation performances with different exemplars data points show that the optimally trained RN which has solid roots in multivariate regularization theory, is a reliable tool for prediction of filtrate flux. Faithful generalization performance of RN revels that around 66 % reduction in filtrate flux is observed by decreasing temperature from 60
{}_{}^ \circ C to10
{}_{}^ \circ C for filter pore size of 4 microns. Decreasing of slurry viscosity is the main reason of such behavior. Increasing pressure driving force has a significant effect on elevating filtrate flux. Due to cake formation, filtrate flux is decreased from 2 to 1.4 (ml/min.cm2) at constant temperature of 60
{}_{}^ \circ C for filter pore size of 8 microns. Furthermore, the backwashing process is more effective for smaller pore size filter and temperature variation does not have any considerable effect on filter recovery.
Characterization of Hot Deformation Behavior for Pure Aluminum Using 3D Processing Maps
Authors: Li Jiang , Li Fuguo , An Yangyang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe hot compressive deformation behavior of pure aluminum has been investigated at different conditions of strain rate range of 0.005–10 s−1 and temperature range of 523–823 K. Based on dynamic materials model Malas criterion, processing maps were constructed to evaluate the efficiency of energy dissipation and flow instability regions. The optimized condition was around strain rate of 0.005–0.01 s−1 and temperature of 773–823 K with peak energy dissipation efficiency of 42 %. Meanwhile, the rule of strain hardening exponent, strain rate sensitivity exponent and temperature sensitivity exponent have been studied, then 3D processing maps considering the strain variable was developed, and the energy dissipation maps and the dynamic instability maps were changed with the strain increasing. Results showed that region at strain rate of 10 s−1 and the region at temperature of 823 K, strain rate of 0.005 s−1 showed high-energy dissipation rate. The 3D dynamic instability maps showed instability region of different parameters, the proper process parameters was ought to be kept away from this region. The conditions of the cracking microstructure occurred proving that the region was determined by the 3D instability maps.
Crystal structure of tetrakis(1H-benzimidazol-2-amine)-κN)-bis(μ2-sulfonato-κ2
O:O′)dizinc(II) - methanol (1/1), C30H36N12O10S2Zn2
Authors: Liu Yan-Ju , Li An-Wen , Xing Chen , Tian Xiao-Zhi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
C30H36N12O10S2Zn2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 22.770(11) Å, b = 12.482(6) Å, c = 14.098(7) Å, β = 95.054(8)°, V = 3991(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0390, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1120, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of 2-(dimethoxymethyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazole—petroleum ether-chloroform (3/1), C27H33Cl3N4O4
Authors: Liu Wan-li , Sui Hong , She Gai-mei , Quan Hai-Yuan , She Dong-Mei 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
C27H33Cl3N4O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.1343(4) Å, b = 22.4930(10) Å, c = 9.7835(4) Å, β = 106.876(5), V = 1502.37(13) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0605, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1517, T = 179.99(10) K
Half of a Yellow Sun or the Quest for (and Repression of) New Boundaries in Post-Colonial Nigeria: An International Law Analysis
Authors: Dodo-Williams Toyin , Milano Enrico 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Half of a Yellow Sun is a novel written by the Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. The title of the book takes its reference from the flag of the former, short-lived, Republic of Biafra, which consisted of a horizontal tricolour of red, black, and green, with a golden rising sun over a golden bar. The author unfolds to the reader the impact and the ugliness of the Biafran war of independence as it meanders through the lives of the interdependent main characters: Ugwu, Olanna, Kainene, Odenigbo and Richard. The events that climaxed into the civil war gradually tore apart the day-to-day routine serenity of the main characters, requiring continuous adjustment in the lives of each character to the reality of war. The harrowing experience of the war drastically changed their lives. The present contribution draws inspiration from thes novel to engage with the construction and definition of social, political and legal boundaries in post-colonial Nigeria, focussing in particular on the relevance and impact of international law norms and principles in the events that unfolded between 1967 and 1970.
Freedom’s Frontiers: The Travails of LGBT Travelers
Authors: Austin David , Wojcik Mark E. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article considers the status of same-sex couples whose lawful marriage in one jurisdiction may not be recognized in another, or who may face discrimination and criminal penalties for their sexual orientation. The article surveys positive developments that promote equality for sexual minorities rather than their punishment. The degree of positive change varies across countries. While traveling across borders, sexual minorities are often subjected to strange dislocations in time and space: they can accelerate through centuries of struggle to find freedom in foreign lands, or they can be hurled back into the darkness of the closet or, worse, detained in a prison cell. The article also focuses on some of the positive developments – legal and otherwise – that have led to the growth of a gay tourist industry; some of the problems that gay travelers may potentially encounter when crossing into countries where the legal rights of sexual minorities are not safeguarded; and some potential “solutions” that will allow gay travelers to engage in cross-border travel without feeling that they are being forced back into the limiting borders of the closet’s confines.
Semantics of Chaos: Modernity, Law and the Commons
Authors: De Lucia Vito 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The mythology of modernity is arguably premised on a double gesture of emergence from chaos. The modern subject, self-posited, constructs the world of “order” by acting as the demiurge that brings the “civilized” world into existence. At the same time he negates the chaotic materiality of nature (including the body). This mythology is an exclusionary one. All modes of possessions escaping the abstract simplicity of the modern binary of public (sovereignty) and private (property), are ideologically and materially expunged from the parameters of common sense. This article will suggest however, that chaos operates also under a different semantic configuration, namely that which is directly linked to the corporeal, unbiddable complexity of social practices. In this alternate sense, which dis-articulates the linear narrative of modern emancipation, chaos is far from a primordial, disordered state of nature in need of either a self-positing subject or a policing Leviathan. The complexity of these social practices always already contains a plurality of arrangements, which are chaotic, yet, not disordered. From the perspective of liberal and neo-liberal hegemonic legalities, these chaotic practices remain “monstrous” and a “threat to the public order,” feared as a resurgence of that corporeal materiality the modern subject has striven to forget; from the perspective of the commons however, they are resisting strategies traversing liberal modernity, and may be understood, with Foucault, as (legal) insurrections.
Comparison of two encapsulation systems of UV stabilizers on the UV protection efficiency of wood clear coats
Authors: Queant Caroline , Blanchet Pierre , Landry Véronic , Schorr Diane 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
One of the major issues in the wood industry is the durability of clear coatings. The addition of organic ultraviolet absorbers (UVAs) improves coating resistance by the absorption and conversion of UV radiation into harmless heat. Organic UVAs are, however, easily degraded by free radicals produced by photodegradation inside the polymer matrix and are prone to migration in the coating. In this study, commercial UVAs and hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) entrapped into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres and CaCO3 templates coated with UV-responsive polymers were added into clear acrylic water-based coating formulation. Artificial accelerated weathering experiments were performed on each formulation. Raman spectroscopy mapping was performed to visualize the concentration and distribution of UVAs and HALS. This study also presents a comparison of the mechanical properties of coatings obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis. Results showed that coating mechanical properties were improved when using encapsulated UVAs and HALS inside PMMA microspheres. The color change of the wood and coating system was minimized and the production of photo-oxidation compounds in the binder was also limited.
Der lange Weg zum Präventionsgesetz – Entwicklung der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung in Deutschland
Authors: Walter Ulla 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
In den vergangenen vier Jahrzehnten erfuhr Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung in Deutschland eine deutliche Weiterentwicklung und Ausdifferenzierung. Die Ottawa Charta trug wesentlich zur gesetzlichen Verankerung 1989 als Aufgabe der Krankenkassen und zum Aufbau von Strukturen bei. Trotz zwischenzeitlicher Rückschritte entwickelte sich seit der Jahrhundertwende über eine politische Willensbildung für mehr Prävention eine stärker qualitätsorientierte Gesundheitsförderung. Dennoch dauerte es anderthalb Jahrzehnte, bis im vierten Anlauf 2015 ein sozialversicherungsbasiertes Präventionsgesetz verabschiedet wurde. Mit der Einbindung zahlreicher Akteure bietet dieses Chancen für eine Stärkung der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung auf Bundes-, Landes- und kommunaler Ebene.
Umweltbezogener Gesundheitsschutz im städtischen Lebensraum
Authors: Salomon Markus , Brodner Björn , Hornberg Claudia 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Umweltsituation in den Städten hat auf die physische und psychische Gesundheit der Stadtbewohnenden direkten und indirekten Einfluss. Luftschadstoff- und Lärmimmissionen, das Fehlen von Grünräumen für Erholung und Freizeitgestaltung sowie die Ausbildung von Hitzeinseln aufgrund der Baustrukturen können sich negativ auf die Gesundheit auswirken. Diese Umweltbelastungen sind oftmals sozial ungleich verteilt. Eine zentrale Ursache für die genannten Belastungen ist der motorisierte Straßenverkehr bzw. die immer noch deutliche Autozentrierung in den Städten. Aus diesem Grund sollte dem Gesundheitsschutz in der Stadt- und Raumplanung deutlich mehr Gewicht verliehen werden. Außerdem begründet dieser auch die Notwendigkeit einer Mobilitätswende.
The Sequence of Sir 4:26–27 in Light of Akkadian and Aramaic Texts from the Levant and Later Writings
Authors: Ayali-Darshan Noga 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz unternimmt es den ursprünglichen Textbestand von Sir 4,26–27 und seine Entwicklung nachzuzeichnen. Dazu werden zunächst die hebräischen, griechischen, syrischen und lateinischen Versionen dieser Passage betrachtet, dann werden parallele Quellen besprochen – insbesondere der akkadische Hear the Advice und die syrische Wisdom of Ahiqar. Die nachfolgende Wirkungsgeschichte des Sprichworts in mittelalterlichen arabischen und jüdischen Quellen, die dem legendären Weisen Luqman und Ibn Gabirol zugeschrieben werden, werden ebenfalls verfolgt.
Effects of Compaction on Internal Stability of Granular Soils: An Experimental Evaluation of Particle-Based Methods
Authors: Israr Jahanzaib , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Internal instability occurs when the filtrate under the influence of strong seepage forces accompanies the finer fraction from broadly graded granular soils and induces marked changes in its original particle distributions. The changes in particle size distribution may occasionally render the granular filters ineffective in retaining the protected base soils. A prior assessment of internal instability potential is emphasized through some of the well-accepted constriction and particle size–based criteria. The former criteria are too computationally complex to apply in practice, while the latter require only the particle distribution of a soil and are thus preferred by the practitioners for prompt assessments of internal stability. In this study, gradient-controlled hydraulic tests conducted over a range of variably compacted soils were used to analyze some of the existing criteria, which showed partial success in assessing the current test specimens. Further analysis facilitated a useful revision of a well-accepted criterion, which could then reliably interpret the current test results with enhanced accuracy. Additional experimental data from 15 published filtration studies could further validate the current revision, which incorporates both the particle size distribution and relative density of soils, thus making it more appealing for practitioners. Furthermore, a couple of real-life design examples presented to demonstrate the advantages and implications of the current proposition for practical purposes.
Fracture and Strain Field Evolution in Faulted Brine-Saturated Sandstone
Authors: Huang Yan-Hua , Yang Sheng-Qi , Hall Matthew R. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Geological carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration has received significant attention over the past two decades as an effective method to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere through deep underground injection of CO2. However, fractures or faults commonly exist in the rock mass, which provides the potential for CO2 leakage. To better understand the reactivation of preexisting fractures, it is essential to investigate fracture development and its effect on the stability of the rock. In this study, uniaxial compression tests were carried out on sandstone specimens by using a SANS rock mechanics servocontrolled testing system (MTS Systems Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN). Three kinds of Zunyi quartz-rich sandstone cylindrical specimens were tested, i.e., dry intact specimens, and both dry and brine-saturated specimens containing two preexisting faults. Based on the experimental results, the stress-strain curves and mechanical properties were analyzed and were closely related to the fault angle under both dry and saturated conditions. The macrofailure patterns can be classified into three modes: tensile coalescence failure, shear coalescence failure, and no coalescence failure. During the testing, a three-dimensional digital image correlation method was applied to the sandstone cylinders that contained two preexisting faults. Furthermore, acoustic emission (AE) sensors and strain gauges were bonded on the specimens to measure the AE signal and local strain in real time. The evolution characteristics of strain field, AE counts, and measured local strain were investigated. These findings can be regarded as a reference for future studies of fracture mechanisms in brine-saturated sandstones to better inform parameterization of constitutive geomechanical models in the study of CO2 injection in deep saline aquifers.
The Open-Circuit Voltage Characteristic and State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Improved Estimation Algorithm
Authors: Li Ling-Ling , Liu Zhi-Feng , Wang Ching-Hsin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The State of Charge (SoC)-Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) curve and the quality of estimation algorithm are two important factors that infect the accuracy of SoC estimation for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The purpose of this study is to improve the accuracy of SoC estimation for the lithium-ion battery. The battery management system is established to monitor the state of lithium-ion batteries to ensure the safety and reliability of the battery system. Firstly, the specific experiments were designed to analyze the relationship between the SoC-OCV curve and experimental conditions (e.g., ambient temperature and current rate) and battery states (e.g., State of Health and positive materials). A series of conclusions was found and used to correct the process of SoC estimation. Secondly, by analyzing the reasons that the SoC estimation error increased in the low-capacity period and the late-stage of estimation using the extended Kalman filter (EKF), an improved estimation algorithm was proposed. In the improved estimation algorithm, the ampere-hour counting was used in the low-capacity period, and the EKF was used in the rest. The accuracy of the improved estimation algorithm was verified by two experiments. Verification results show that the improved estimation algorithm makes up for the drawback of the EKF, the estimation error in constant current discharge experiment is less than 2 %, and the estimated error under dynamic conditions is less than 3 %. Therefore, the improved estimation algorithm has a higher accuracy than the EKF for the SoC estimation and can meet the operation requirements of a lithium-ion battery. This study contributes to the improvement of the safety and reliability of battery systems in electric vehicles by improving the accuracy of SoC estimation for lithium-ion batteries.
Improved Resistance of Nanoparticle-Laden Polymer Coatings Subjected to Combined Silt and Cavitation
Authors: Syamsundar C. , Chatterjee Dhiman , Kamaraj M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Hydropower generation, particularly in the Himalayan region during monsoons, suffers because of the erosion of turbine components, which is due to the high concentration of silt present in water. These high-power machines also suffer from cavitation, especially at off-design conditions. However, erosion caused by the synergistic effects of silt and cavitation can cause more serious degradation, is more complex, and remains an unsolved problem in hydraulic machines. The present work addresses this concern through the systematic study of different polymeric coatings under a controlled silt and cavitation environment. This article discusses the design and development of an experimental facility, where a specimen can be subjected to combined submerged slurry jet along with acoustic cavitation produced by a focused ultrasonic transducer. Novel polymeric coatings made of polyurethane (PU) reinforced with hard nanoparticles (B4C and SiC) of varying concentrations (from 1 to 75 weight percentage [wt. %] being defined with respect to polymer weight) are used in this work. These coatings show erosion resistance superior to the base material (16Cr-5Ni martensitic stainless steel) commonly used to make hydroturbine blades. Results are divided into three divisions. At first, we present erosion kinetics and discuss possible erosion wear mechanisms based on pure silt erosion experiments. Afterwards, pure cavitation erosion and synergistic studies of silt and cavitation studies under different experimental conditions are presented. Base material showed the maximum mass loss rate of ∼22 mg/h, pure PU suffered ∼9 mg/h, while nanoparticle-reinforced PU (10 wt. % B4C or 2 wt. % SiC) has a loss of ∼1.5 mg/h. This shows the tremendous potential that this approach of using polymer laden with hard nanoparticles has in combating the synergetic effects of silt and erosion. The results are well-supported by detailed scanning electron microscope images and analyses to explain the reason behind the successful performance of the coatings.
Attractor-like Dynamics in Belief Updating in Schizophrenia
Authors: Adams Rick A. , Napier Gary , Roiser Jonathan P. , Mathys Christoph , Gilleen James 
Published: September 2018

Subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (Scz) overweight unexpected evidence in probabilistic inference: such evidence becomes “aberrantly salient.” A neurobiological explanation for this effect is that diminished synaptic gain (e.g., hypofunction of cortical NMDARs) in Scz destabilizes quasi-stable neuronal network states (or “attractors”). This attractor instability account predicts that (1) Scz would overweight unexpected evidence but underweight consistent evidence, (2) belief updating would be more vulnerable to stochastic fluctuations in neural activity, and (3) these effects would correlate. Hierarchical Bayesian belief updating models were tested in two independent datasets (n= 80 male andn= 167 female) comprising human subjects with Scz, and both clinical and nonclinical controls (some tested when unwell and on recovery) performing the “probability estimates” version of the beads task (a probabilistic inference task). Models with a standard learning rate, or including a parameter increasing updating to “disconfirmatory evidence,” or a parameter encoding belief instability were formally compared. The “belief instability” model (based on the principles of attractor dynamics) had most evidence in all groups in both datasets. Two of four parameters differed between Scz and nonclinical controls in each dataset: belief instability and response stochasticity. These parameters correlated in both datasets. Furthermore, the clinical controls showed similar parameter distributions to Scz when unwell, but were no different from controls once recovered. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that attractor network instability contributes to belief updating abnormalities in Scz, and suggest that similar changes may exist during acute illness in other psychiatric conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSubjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (Scz) make large adjustments to their beliefs following unexpected evidence, but also smaller adjustments than controls following consistent evidence. This has previously been construed as a bias toward “disconfirmatory” information, but a more mechanistic explanation may be that in Scz, neural firing patterns (“attractor states”) are less stable and hence easily altered in response to both new evidence and stochastic neural firing. We model belief updating in Scz and controls in two independent datasets using a hierarchical Bayesian model, and show that all subjects are best fit by a model containing a belief instability parameter. Both this and a response stochasticity parameter are consistently altered in Scz, as the unstable attractor hypothesis predicts.