bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Phase Phosphorescence: Ambient Triplet Harvesting of Purely Organic Phosphors via Supramolecular Scaffolding
Authors: Kuila Suman , Rao K. Venkata , Garain Swadhin , Samanta Pralok K. , Das Shubhajit , Pati Swapan K. , Eswaramoorthy Muthusamy , George Subi J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAmbient solution and amorphous state room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from purely organic chromophores is rarely achieved. Remarkable stabilization of triplet excitons is realized to obtain deep red phosphorescence in water and in amorphous film state under ambient conditions by a unique supramolecular hybrid assembly between inorganic laponite clay and heavy atom core substituted naphthalene diimide (NDI) phosphor. Structural rigidity and oxygen tolerance of the inorganic template along with controlled molecular organization via supramolecular scaffolding are envisaged to alleviate the unprecedented aqueous phase phosphorescence.
Enantioselective Oxidative Cyclization/Mannich Addition Enabled by Gold(I)/Chiral Phosphoric Acid Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Wei Hanlin , Bao Ming , Dong Kuiyong , Qiu Lihua , Wu Bing , Hu Wenhao , Xu Xinfang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn enantioselective Mannich‐type reaction of 3‐butynol and nitrones is described, which affords dihydrofuran‐3‐ones in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. The reaction is initiated by gold‐catalyzed alkyne oxidation and modification of the resulting gold carbene species with a tethered hydroxy group to form enolate species; the reaction terminates with an enantioselective Mannich‐type addition with the assistance of chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) and hydrogen bonding. This novel pattern of alkyne transformation involving chemical bond cleavage, and a fragment modification and reassembly process, provides an atom‐ and step‐economic method, and is the first example of cooperative asymmetric catalysis in gold‐catalyzed alkyne oxidations via an α‐oxo gold carbene route.
Back to Basics: Unplanned Patient Hypothermia
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnplanned perioperative hypothermia is a common occurrence and can negatively affect a patient's postoperative course. Perioperative nurses are responsible for identifying patients at risk for hypothermia and working with the entire surgical team to prevent this complication from occurring. Multiple interventions can be implemented to address hypothermia, including active or passive warming and warm IV and irrigation fluids. This Back to Basics article addresses patient assessment concerns, identifies a variety of evidence‐based interventions that can prevent or mitigate perioperative patient temperature changes, and provides basic steps for perioperative RNs to follow to help prevent perioperative hypothermia in their patients.
Investigating the crosslinking effects on surface characteristics of vinyltrimethoxysilane‐grafted moisture‐cured low‐density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate blend
Authors: Mostofi Sarkari N. , Mohseni M. , Ebrahimi M. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, the adhesion attributed characteristics of vinyltrimethoxysilane‐grafted moisture‐cured low‐density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate (VTMS‐grafted LDPE/EVA) blend have been investigated before, during, and after crosslinking process. Characterization of the changes due to the moisture‐induced crosslinking has been carried out as a function of vapor exposure (crosslinking) duration. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used for identification of compounds based on functional groups and also for identification of any modification in the chemical structure of the compounds. In addition, contact angle measurement was performed to calculate the surface energy and its components. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were utilized to study the surface morphology changes. The results demonstrated that the moisture‐induced crosslinking was not causing significant changes in roughness parameters and surface energy values of the samples after crosslinking. For instance, the Ra parameter, which shows the arithmetic average height of the surface, changed from 278 nm to 280 nm and the surface free energy decreased from 30.90 to 27.63 mJ/m2 after 16 hours of vapor exposure. However, surface relative elastic modulus approximately doubled, indicating a stiffer surface. The findings confirmed that the adhesion‐related surface properties of the VTMS‐grafted LDPE/EVA blend were not affected impressively by the crosslinking. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47147.
Correlation of the morphology and thermooxidative degradation behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate)–nitrile butadiene rubber–polycarbonate ternary blends
Authors: Ali‐Asgari Dehaghi Hamidreza , Boudaghi Malidareh Amin , Edraki Milad , Sedaghat Navid , Farokhzad Ardalan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, we prepared ternary poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)–nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)–polycarbonate (PC) blends through a molten mixing procedure, and with a corotating extruder, we studied the morphology and thermodynamic properties of each purified polymer and the binary and ternary blends with different compositions. Dynamic mechanical analysis of both the PET–PC and PET–NBR samples showed individual loss peaks for each component, but in different ternary samples, the effects of different percentages of components (PC–PC and PET–NBR) were observed; this revealed changes in the loss peak locations. Individual loss peaks of PET and PC in the ternary PET–NBR–PC blends (81/9/10 and 63/30/7)—proof of the miscibility of the samples—were also observed in this study. The thermal properties of the samples were measured and examined with the thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetry testing methods. The activation energy and order of reaction values for the samples under an air atmosphere with single‐rate methods of heating were studied. Finally, the relation between the type of morphology and the thermal degradation behavior was investigated. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47171.
Fabrication of innovative forward osmosis membranes via multilayered interfacial polymerization on electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Huang Manhong , Meng Lijun , Li Beibei , Niu Feihu , Lv Yan , Deng Qian , Li Jin 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPractical application of forward osmosis (FO) membranes is beset by low water flux and vulnerability of selective polyamide (PA) layers. Herein, novel composite membranes were fabricated with multilayered PA via cyclic interfacial polymerization (IP) on electrospun polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiber substrates to realize high performance FO. The membrane fabrication conditions were optimized detailedly with respect to the morphologies, physicochemical properties, and FO performances. It is indicated that the PES concentration has great impacts on the morphology, thickness, and fiber diameter of the electrospun substrates and the optimal concentration is proved to be 26 wt %. After multilayered IP, the membrane thickness, surface hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength increased with IP cycles. The optimized FO membranes with two PA layers show much higher water flux and membrane selectivity compared with the commercial thin film composite membranes, holding great promise for water purification and seawater desalination. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47247.
3D tumor spheroids as in vitro models to mimic in vivo human solid tumors resistance to therapeutic drugs
Authors: Nunes Ana S. , Barros Andreia S. , Costa Elisabete C. , Moreira André F. , Correia Ilídio J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional cell culture models, such as spheroids, can be used in the process of the development of new anticancer agents because they are able to closely mimic the main features of human solid tumors, namely their structural organization, cellular layered assembling, hypoxia, and nutrient gradients. These properties imprint to the spheroids an anticancer therapeutics resistance profile, which is similar to that displayed by human solid tumors. In this review, an overview of the drug resistance mechanisms observed in 3D tumor spheroids is provided. Furthermore, comparisons between the therapeutics resistance profile exhibited by spheroids, and 2D cell cultures are presented. Finally, examples of the therapeutic approaches that have been developed to surpass the drug resistance mechanisms exhibited by spheroids are described.
Use of spinning band distillation equipment for fractionation of volatile compounds ofCopaiferaoleoresins for developing a validated gas chromatographic method and evaluating antimicrobial activity
Authors: Ribeiro Victor Pena , Arruda Caroline , da Silva Jonas Joaquim Mangabeira , Aldana Mejia Jennyfer Andrea , Furtado Niege Araçari Jacometti Cardoso , Bastos Jairo Kenupp 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCopaiferais a tree that produces an oleoresin that has great historical and economic importance. These oleoresins display several pharmacological properties, such as anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial, among others. The commercialization ofCopaiferaoleoresin occurs, in many cases, without any quality control, which facilitates its adulteration. Validated analytical methods can provide a safe quality control. In this work, the 800 Automatic Spinning Band Distillation equipment was used to perform the fractionation of the volatile oils obtained by hydrodistillation ofCopaifera multijuga,C. paupera,C. PubliforaandC. langsdorffii,aiming to isolate and purify the major compounds present in these oils. For purification, classical column chromatography was used, furnishing six isolated sesquiterpenes. The sesquiterpenes were used as standards in the development and validation of the method by GC–FID. The evaluated parameters were selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness and they are all in accordance with ANVISA and International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The developed method is reliable for the quantification of sesquiterpenes inCopaiferaoleoresins. Both volatile oils and isolated sesquiterpenes had their minimum inhibitory concentration determined against strains of Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria and yeasts.Copaifera langsdorffioleoresin was the only one active against all of the evaluated microorganisms, displaying good antimicrobial potential.
Effect of heat‐moisture treatment of germinated wheat on the quality of Chinese white salted noodles
Authors: Liu Chong , Jiang Xiaoxiao , Wang Junjun , Li Limin , Bian Ke , Guan Erqi , Zheng Xueling 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesGermination is an effective way to enhance the nutritional value of cereals. However, noodles from germinated wheat have sticky texture, higher cooking loss, and lower tensile resistance compared to those from non‐germinated wheat. Challenges for improving noodle‐making quality of germinated wheat are essential in food industry. In this study, germinated wheat grain and thus obtained wheat flour were modified by heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) at moisture content of 17%, 21%, 25%, and 29%, respectively.FindingsAfter HMT, enhanced falling number, paste viscosity, crystallinity, gelatinization temperature, enthalpy of starch, and reduced dough stability were observed for both germinated wheat flour and germinated wheat grain samples. These modified indicators of wheat flour were obviously higher than that of wheat grain. It was found that moisture content of around 25% was optimal moisture for these indicators. When using HMT germinated wheat flour (up to 20%), Chinese white salted noodles (CWSN) had better quality (lower cooking loss and higher extensibility) compared with HMT germinated wheat grain as raw material. CWSN made by HMT germinated wheat flour (10% noodle flour was replaced) displayed similar quality when using wheat flour. In addition, its quality was significantly higher than those of germinated wheat flour.ConclusionsThe modification of germinated wheat flour by HMT is an effective method to improve the CWSN making quality of composite flour of germinated wheat flour and non‐germinated wheat flour, as long as the level of replacement of wheat flour with HMT germinated wheat flour does not exceed 10%, which can be attributed to the compound action of HMT on inactivity of α‐amylase and structural rearrangement of starch molecules.Significance and noveltyAlthough HMT may cause denaturation of gluten resulting in deterioration of dough quality in germinated wheat flour, the improvement of pasting properties by HMT shows positive effect on the CWSN making quality of germinated wheat flour.
Gibbs entropy simulated annealing based Edman firefly optimization for big data protein sequencing
Authors: Kalaiselvi B. , Thangamani M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryProtein sequencing is a significant problem to be solved to better understand its structure and function. Few research works have been designed for protein sequencing using different techniques. The performance of conventional protein sequencing methods was not effectual as sequencing accuracy of proteins was lower when considering a big protein dataset. In order to overcome this limitation, a Gibbs Entropy Simulated Annealing based Edman FireFly Optimization (GESA‐EFFO) technique is proposed. The GESA‐EFFO technique is designed for sequencing the amino acid residue in peptides with higher accuracy and minimal time. The GESA‐EFFO technique develops Gibbs Entropy Simulated Annealing (GESA) with the objective of selecting the relevant amino acid features from the big dataset with lower time complexity. The GESA applied Gibbs Entropy in order to accurately determine cost (ie, changes in heat energy) for each amino acid feature and thereby chooses the related amino acid features in a big protein dataset for efficient protein sequencing. After identifying the relevant features, the GESA‐EFFO technique designs the Edman FireFly Optimization (EFFO) where amino acid features are ranked based on the light intensity of the firefly to form protein sequences. The experimental evaluation of the GESA‐EFFO technique is carried out on factors such as precision.
Semantics, knowledge, and grids at the age of big data and AI
Authors: Zhuge Hai , Sun Xiaoping 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe rapid development of data science and artificial intelligence provides new methods and tools for exploring semantics, knowledge, and grids—the evolving interconnection environment. Different streams of research including Internet of Things, cloud computing, edge‐computing, semantics modeling, and cyber‐physical society are converging to support an intelligent interconnection environment. It is an important issue to create the method for ensuring the sustainable development of this interconnection environment. Big data and machine learning provide an empirical model for resolving this issue that is different from the method based on semantics and knowledge.
Homochiral Asymmetric‐Shaped Electron‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Non‐Fullerene Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jung Su‐Kyo , Heo Jin Hyuck , Lee Dae Woon , Lee Seung‐Heon , Lee Seung‐Chul , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Kim Dongwook , Kim Jong H. , Im Sang Hyuk , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA design strategy is proposed for electron‐transporting materials (ETMs) with homochiral asymmetric‐shaped groups for highly efficient non‐fullerene perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The electron transporting N,N′‐bis[(R)‐1‐phenylethyl]naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐tetracarboxylic diimide (NDI‐PhE) consists of two asymmetric‐shaped chiral (R)‐1‐phenylethyl (PhE) groups that act as solubilizing groups by reducing molecular symmetry and increasing the free volume. NDI‐PhE exhibits excellent film‐forming ability with high solubility in various organic solvents [about two times higher solubility than the widely used fullerene‐based phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in o‐dichlorobenzene]. NDI‐PhE ETM‐based inverted PSCs exhibit very high power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of up to 20.5 % with an average PCE of 18.74±0.95 %, which are higher than those of PCBM ETM‐based PSCs. The high PCE of NDI‐PhE ETM‐based PSCs may be attributed to good film‐forming abilities and to three‐dimensional isotropic electron transporting capabilities. Therefore, introducing homochiral asymmetric‐shaped groups onto charge‐transporting materials is a good strategy for achieving high device performance.
Metabolism and elimination of the catechol‐o‐methyltransferase inhibitor tolcapone in the horse
Authors: Stanley Shawn , Van den Berg Koos , Foo Hsiao Ching , Deng Derek 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe metabolism of the masking agent tolcapone in the horse has been investigated. This substance was found to have undergone various chemical transformations that produced a large variety of phase I metabolites, as well as glucuronide and sulfate conjugation. Confirmation of the presence of tolcapone and the 3‐O‐methylated metabolite in the blood samples collected up to 240 minutes and in urine obtained up to 24 hours, was successfully conducted using both gas chromatography– and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry techniques. The 3‐O‐methyl tolcapone is the better marker to use in a screening method because, in comparison to tolcapone, we have found that this substance offers superior chromatographic performance that should potentially give a lower limit of detection.
Salinity pulses interact with seasonal dry‐down to increase ecosystem carbon loss in marshes of the Florida Everglades
Authors: Wilson Benjamin J. , Servais Shelby , Mazzei Viviana , Kominoski John S. , Hu Minjie , Davis Stephen E. , Gaiser Evelyn , Sklar Fred , Bauman Laura , Kelly Stephen , Madden Christopher , Richards Jennifer , Rudnick David , Stachelek Jemma , Troxler Tiffany G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCoastal wetlands are globally important sinks of organic carbon (C). However, to what extent wetland C cycling will be affected by accelerated sea‐level rise (SLR) and saltwater intrusion is unknown, especially in coastal peat marshes where water flow is highly managed. Our objective was to determine how the ecosystem C balance in coastal peat marshes is influenced by elevated salinity. For two years, we made monthly in situ manipulations of elevated salinity in freshwater (FW) and brackish water (BW) sites within Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Salinity pulses interacted with marsh‐specific variability in seasonal hydroperiods whereby effects of elevated pulsed salinity on gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) were dependent on marsh inundation level. We found little effect of elevated salinity on C cycling when both marsh sites were inundated, but when water levels receded below the soil surface, the BW marsh shifted from a C sink to a C source. During these exposed periods, we observed an approximately threefold increase in CO2 efflux from the marsh as a result of elevated salinity. Initially, elevated salinity pulses did not affect Cladium jamaicense biomass, but aboveground biomass began to be significantly decreased in the saltwater amended plots after two years of exposure at the BW site. We found a 65% (FW) and 72% (BW) reduction in live root biomass in the soil after two years of exposure to elevated salinity pulses. Regardless of salinity treatment, the FW site was C neutral while the BW site was a strong C source (−334 to −454 g C·m−2·yr−1), particularly during dry‐down events. A loss of live roots coupled with annual net CO2 losses as marshes transition from FW to BW likely contributes to the collapse of peat soils observed in the coastal Everglades. As SLR increases the rate of saltwater intrusion into coastal wetlands globally, understanding how water management influences C gains and losses from these systems is crucial. Under current Everglades’ water management, drought lengthens marsh dry‐down periods, which, coupled with saltwater intrusion, accelerates CO2 loss from the marsh.
Loss of foundation species: disturbance frequency outweighs severity in structuring kelp forest communities
Authors: Castorani Max C. N. , Reed Daniel C. , Miller Robert J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDisturbances often cause the disproportionate loss of foundation species but understanding how the frequency and severity of disturbance to such organisms influence biological communities remains unresolved. This gap in knowledge exists in part because of the rarity of ecologically meaningful studies capable of disentangling different elements of disturbance. Hence, we carried out a long‐term (9 yr), large‐scale (2,000 m2plots), spatially replicated (4 sites) field experiment in which we manipulated disturbance to a globally distributed marine foundation species, the giant kelpMacrocystis pyrifera, and tracked community responses over time. To distinguish the effects of disturbance frequency and severity on the biodiversity and composition of temperate rocky reef communities, we simulated the repeated loss of giant kelp from destructive winter waves across a background of natural variation in disturbance. By following the response of over 200 taxa from the surrounding community, we discovered that the frequency of disturbance to giant kelp changed the biomass, diversity, and composition of community guilds in a manner commensurate with their dependence on the physical (i.e., benthic light and space), trophic (i.e., living and detrital biomass), and habitat (i.e., biogenic structure) resources mediated by this foundation species. Annual winter disturbance to giant kelp reduced living and detrital giant kelp biomass by 57% and 40%, respectively, enhanced bottom light by 22%, and halved the seafloor area covered by giant kelp holdfasts. Concomitantly, the biomass of understory algae and epilithic sessile invertebrates more than doubled, while the biomass of rock‐boring clams, mobile invertebrates, and fishes decreased 30–61%. Frequent loss of giant kelp boosted understory algal richness by 82% and lowered sessile invertebrate richness by 13% but did not affect the biodiversity of mobile fauna. In contrast to changes driven by disturbance frequency, interannual variation in the severity of disturbance to giant kelp had weaker, less consistent effects, causing only modest changes in assemblages of sessile invertebrates, mobile invertebrate herbivores, and fishes. Our results broaden the foundation species concept by demonstrating that repeated disturbance to a dominant habitat‐forming species can outweigh the influence of less frequent but severe disturbances for the surrounding community.