bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in the Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Population
Authors: Moffett Brady S. , Resendiz Karla , Morris Jennifer , Akcan-Arikan Ayse , Checchia Paul A. 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVE Vancomycin is often used in the pediatric cardiac surgical population, but few pharmacokinetic data are available to guide dosing.
METHODS A retrospective, population pharmacokinetic study was performed for patients &lt;19 years of age initiated on vancomycin after cardiac surgery in the cardiac intensive care unit from 2011–2016 in our institution. Patient data were summarized by using descriptive statistical methods, and population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by using NONMEM. Simulation was performed to determine a dosing strategy that most frequently obtained an AUC0–24:MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) ratio of &gt;400.
RESULTS A total of 261 patients (281 cardiac surgical procedures, cardiopulmonary bypass 82.3%) met inclusion criteria (60.1% male, median age 0.31 [IQR, 0.07–0.77] years). Vancomycin (14.5 ± 1.7 mg/kg/dose) was administered at median postoperative day 9 (IQR, 4–14), with a mean serum concentration of 11.5 ± 5.5 mg/L at 8.9 ± 3.8 hours after a dose. Population pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that a 1-compartment proportional error model with allometrically scaled weight best fit the data, with creatinine clearance and postmenstrual age as significant covariates. Simulation identified that a dosing regimen of 20 mg/kg/dose every 8 hours was most likely to achieve an AUC0–24:MIC ratio &gt; 400 at a mean trough serum concentration of 12.9 ± 3.2 mg/L.
CONCLUSIONS Vancomycin dosing in the postoperative pediatric cardiac surgical population should incorporate postmenstrual age and creatinine clearance. A vancomycin dose of 20 mg/kg every 8 hours is a reasonable empiric strategy.
Systematics of ‘lithistid’ tetractinellid demosponges from the Tropical Western Atlantic – implications for phylodiversity and bathymetric distribution
Authors: Schuster Astrid , Pomponi Shirley A , Pisera Andrzej , Cárdenas Paco , Kelly Michelle , Wörheide Gert , Erpenbeck Dirk 
Published: April 2019

Background: Among all present demosponges, lithistids represent a polyphyletic group with exceptionally well preserved fossils dating back to the Cambrian. Knowledge of their recent diversity, particularly in the Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean (TWA) where they are common in deep waters, is scarce making any comparison between present and past major ‘lithistid’ faunas difficult. In addition, the lack of sufficient molecular and morphological data hamper any predictions on phylogenetic relationships or phylodiversity from this region. The Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute (HBOI, Fort Pierce, Florida) holds the largest collection of TWA lithistid sponges worldwide, however, the majority remain to be taxonomically identified and revised.
Methods/Principal Findings: In this study we provide sequences of 249 lithistid demosponges using two independent molecular markers (28S rDNA (C1-D2) and cox1 mtDNA). In addition, a morphological documentation of 70 lithistid specimens is provided in the database of the Sponge Barcoding Project (SBP). This integrated dataset represents the largest and most comprehensive of the TWA lithistids to date. The phylogenetic diversity of ‘lithistid’ demosponges in the Bahamas and Jamaica are high in comparison to other TWA regions; Theonellidae and Corallistidae dominate the fauna, while Neopeltidae and Macandrewiidae are rare. A new tetractinellid suborder, one new genus and several new species are recognized and the Pacific ‘lithistid’ genera, Herengeria and Awhiowhio, are reported from the TWA for the first time. The higher-taxa relationships of desma-bearing tetractinellids are discussed and topics for revision suggested.
Conclusion: This first integrative approach of TWA ‘lithistid’ demosponges contributes to a better understanding of their phylogenetic affinities, diversity and bathymetric distribution patterns within the TWA. As in the Pacific, the TWA ‘lithistid’ demosponges dominate deep-water habitats. Deeper taxonomic investigations will undoubtedly contribute to a better comparison between present major ‘lithistid’ faunas and their fossil record in the Mesozoic.
Housing and Management System Practiced by Tribal Farmers in Rajasthan
Authors: Regar P. C. , Kamboj M. L. , Sawant Manish , Ojha S. N. , Roat B. L. 
Published: April 2019

The aim of the study was to assess the floor, feeding and watering space(s) and other housing management practice of goats followed by farmers in Rajasthan. A total of 120 tribal goat farmers were selected from 12 villages from 6 blocks in 3 tribal dominated districts viz., Banswara, Dungarpur and Udaipur. Ten farmers from each village were selected purposively based on the number of goats. The selected goat farmers were grouped into three categories based on flock size as small (<25 goats, N= 60), medium (26-50 goats, N = 36) and large (>50 goats, N = 24). The floor space and other housing practices at the farmer’s flocks were recorded in-situ. The average flock size for small, medium and large categories of the farmer was 22.63± 0.210, 33.72± 1.05 and 58.54 ±1.28 respectively. The overall proportion of milking goats, dry goats, goatlings, kids and bucks were 12.52 ± 0.31 (32.63%), 8.62 ± 0.30 (22.50%), 6.64 ± 0.27 (17.33%), 9.52 ± 0.29 (24.85%) and 0.79 ± 0.06 respectively. Across flock size categories most of the large farmers and a sizable majority of medium and small farmers (75, 66.67 and 60 per cent respectively) housed their goat in one shed, whereas rest of the farmers in all three categories housed their goats in different sheds. It was observed that a huge majority of farmers (82.50%) did not have separate managers for the feeding of goats. The available managers were made of either mud (11.6%) or cement concrete (5.8%). The roof in case of a large majority of farmers across flock size categories was made of thatch (61.67%) followed by iron sheet (21.66%) and asbestos sheets (16.67%). There was no major variation in the type of roofing material among the three flock size categories of goat farmers. The average floor space available for milking goats, dry goats, goatlings, kids and breeding bucks were 1.68 ± 0.02, 1.58± 0.06, 0.97± 0.07, 0.50± 0.05 and 2.79± 0.39 sq meter respectively. The average floor space was significant (p<0.05) higher in small flock size category of farmers followed by medium and large farmers among milking goats, dry goats and goatlings. Overall floor space available for milking goats, dry goats, goatlings, kids and breeding bucks were 1.68 ± 0.02, 1.58± 0.06, 0.97± 0.07, 0.50± 0.05 and 2.79± 0.39 respectively. It was concluded that housing practices were mostly traditional without much regard to scientific recommendations. However, these management practices, in general, were better in the case of small farmers as compared to medium and large farmers.
Does the Implementation of Clinical Pathways Affect Hierarchical Structures Within a Surgical Department? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ronellenfitsch Ulrich , Loerbroks Adrian , Schwarzbach Matthias 
Published: April 2019

Objective:
To explore effects of the implementation of clinical pathways (CPs) on hierarchical structures within a surgical department.

Summary of background data:
CPs are care plans stipulating diagnostic and therapeutic measures along a time axis for a given condition or procedure. They are widely used in surgery. There is limited evidence to what extent CP implementation has an effect on hierarchical structures within surgical departments.

Methods:
Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with key members of a CP project team in a large academic surgery department. Interviews were carried out by an external researcher to increase the likelihood of obtaining unbiased opinions. Using an interview guide, it was ensured that respondents provided opinions on various issues related to CP implementation, including hierarchical relationships within the department, but also between caregivers and patients. The transcribed text was independently content analyzed by 2 researchers who converged their findings.

Results:
Clinical pathway implementation changed perceived surgical hierarchy from a top-down to a participatory approach. However, it was acknowledged that some form of hierarchy is required to ensure successful clinical pathway implementation. Respondents felt that clinical pathways changed surgical culture from a largely eminence-based to more evidence-based medicine.

Conclusions:
The implementation of CPs potentially affects several dimensions of surgical hierarchy. It changes “traditional” surgical hierarchy and is associated with perception of increased autonomy and competency in junior staff. The clinical approach appears to shift from eminence- to evidence-based medicine. The knowledge about these changes is important for carrying out CP projects in surgery.
First Year Preliminary Results on the Use of a Monofilament Polyester Mesh With a Collagen Barrier for Primary and Incisional Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Lepere M. , Gillion J. F. , Barrat C. , Cas O. , Dabrowski A , Jurczak F. , Khalil H. , Zaranis C. ,   on behalf of le Club Hernie (Appendix)
Published: April 2019

Aim:
The SymCHro study objective is to assess patient outcomes and surgeon satisfaction following ventral hernia repair with a three-dimensional (3D) monofilament polyester mesh (Symbotex composite mesh) that contains an absorbable collagen barrier on 1 side to minimize tissue attachment.

Methods:
SymCHro is a multicenter observational study of 100 consecutive patients in the French Club Hernie registry who underwent primary and incisional ventral hernia repair with a Symbotex composite mesh. The primary objective is to assess recurrences and complications within 2 years of repair. This analysis reports 1-year results from the ongoing study.

Results:
A total of 105 hernias (37.1% primary, 62.9% incisional) in 100 patients were repaired by open or laparoscopic surgery. The patient follow-up rate at 1 year was 94%. A total of 6 (6.0%) low-grade seromas; 3 (3.0%) cases of low-grade transitory ileus; and 1 (1.0%) recurrence, which was asymptomatic but was repaired, occurred within 1-year follow-up. No serious adverse events were reported. All surgeons responded as satisfied with mesh flexibility and ease of insertion. Relative to baseline, patient pain reduced significantly at day 1 through month 3 postoperatively. At 1 year, 88.3% (83/94) patients assessed the hernia operation results as “good” or “excellent.”

Conclusion:
At this 1-year analysis, 94% of patients were followed up and experienced minimal pain and low complication rates, suggesting that Symbotex composite mesh provides an effective and safe repair for primary and incisional ventral hernias.
STUDENT LEADERSHIP IN SCHOOL: INTERNALIZATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCE AND CHARACTER
Authors: Rina Lelahester 
Published: April 2019

This paper aims to find the effort of internalizing competence and entrepreneurial character of student in Satya Wacana Christian Elementary School and Juniour High School. The method used is a qualitative study through interview, observation and documentation, using data analysis from Spradley by analyzing of domain and its semanctical relation. The results showed that the internalization of entrepreneurial competence and character had been applied through leadership activities so as to form the character and leadership skills of students. This study has implications for the school's efforts to give full attention for students to play a role in leadership activities and to provide support through a curriculum that supports the internalization of entrepreneurial competence and character. Keywords: Entrepreneurial competence, Entrepreneurial character, Entrepreneurship education, Student leadership, Elementary levels.
PENGARUH LOGO KEMASAN PRODUK KOSMETIK SEBAGAI PENJELASAN KRITERIA PRODUK PEMAKAIAN DAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUN KEMASAN PRODUK TERHADAP REPURCHASE INTENTION (STUDI KASUS IBU-IBU / REMAJA CAKRAWALA II TJ PRIOK, KEC. KOJA JAKARTA UTARA)
Authors: Ramadhayanti Ana 
Published: April 2019

Semakin banyaknya produk kosmetik yang berkembang dimasyarakat secara tidak langsung membuat konsumen ingin mencoba produk tersebut. Sampai saat ini produk kosmetik yang berkembang dimasyarakat beberapa diantaranya tidak memiliki logo atau simbol pada produk kemasan. Namun meskipun terdapat logo dikemasan terkadang ada beberapa konsumen yang tidak mengetahui arti dari logo atau symbol yang tertera dikemasan kosmestik tersebut. Padahal pencantuman simbol atau logo tersebut pada dasarnya sangat penting terutama untuk mengetahui kandungan yang terdapat pada produk, masa kadarluwarsa, kemasan produk berbahan ramah lingkungan atau tidak, dan cara penggunaan dari produk tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini pada dasarnya untuk mengetahui pengaruh Logo Kemasan Produk Kosmetik Sebagai Penjelasan Kriteria Produk Pemakaian Dan Tingkat Pengetahun Kemasan Produk Terhadap Repurchase Intention. Penelitian ini menggunakan tipe penelitian survei, sedangkan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan keseimpulan bahwa Logo Kemasan Kosmetik berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap Repurchase Intention. Sementara itu untuk Pengetahuan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Repurchase Intention. Diharapkan dari hasil penelitian ini masyarakat akan lebih waspada dan cermat sebelum membeli produk kosmetik
Associations of Joint Line Tenderness and Patellofemoral Grind With Long‐Term Knee Joint Outcomes: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Teichtahl Andrew J. , Wluka Anita E. , Pelletier Jean‐Pierre , Abram François , Martel‐Pelletier Johanne , Cicuttini Flavia M. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo examine whether joint line tenderness and patellofemoral grind from physical examination were associated with cartilage volume loss, worsening of radiographic osteoarthritis, and the risk of total knee replacement.MethodsThis study examined 4,353 Osteoarthritis Initiative participants. For each measurement of joint line tenderness and patellofemoral grind, the patterns were defined as no (none at baseline and at 1 year), fluctuating (present at either time point), and persistent (present at both time points). Cartilage volume loss and worsening of radiographic osteoarthritis over 4 years were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and radiographs, and total knee replacement over 6 years was assessed.ResultsA total of 35.0% of participants had joint line tenderness, and 15.8% had patellofemoral grind. Baseline patellofemoral grind, but not joint line tenderness, was associated with increased cartilage volume loss (1.08% per year versus 0.96% per year; P = 0.02) and an increased risk of total knee replacement (odds ratio [OR] 1.55 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.11–2.17]; P = 0.01). While the patterns of joint line tenderness were not significantly associated with joint outcomes, participants with persistent patellofemoral grind had an increased rate of cartilage volume loss (1.30% per year versus 0.90% per year; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of total knee replacement (OR 2.10 [95% CI 1.30–3.38]; P = 0.002) compared with those participants without patellofemoral grind.ConclusionPatellofemoral grind, but not joint line tenderness, may represent a clinical marker associated with accelerated cartilage volume loss over 4 years and an increased risk of total knee replacement over 6 years. This simple clinical examination may provide clinicians with an inexpensive way to identify those at higher risk of disease progression who should be targeted for surveillance and management.
Bleeding incidence and risk factors among cancer patients treated with anticoagulation
Authors: Angelini Dana E. , Radivoyevitch Tomas , McCrae Keith R. , Khorana Alok A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCompared to age‐matched controls, cancer patients have increased risk of bleeding when treated with anticoagulation. However, there are little data regarding bleeding as it relates to anticoagulant choice and other risk factors. We evaluated the six‐month incidence of bleeding among patients treated with anticoagulation who had bleeding risk factors. Data were obtained from Explorys (IBM Watson, Inc.), which pools data from multiple US healthcare organizations. Cohorts of patients were created to compare bleeding events between cancer and non‐cancer patients treated with anticoagulation within six months of starting anticoagulation. Potential bleeding risk factors such as cancer type, metastatic disease, obesity, chronic kidney disease stage III or higher, and platelet count were evaluated. We compared ratios of numbers of patients in specific cohorts using chi‐squared tests with continuity correction. The cohort comprised 3 283 140 cancer patients, of whom 435 140 (13.3%) received anticoagulation within six months of their cancer diagnosis. Bleeding incidence was higher in cancer vs non‐cancer patients across all anticoagulants studied: warfarin 20.2% vs 12.6%, rivaroxaban 16.7% vs 12.1%, LMWH 13.2% vs 9.7%, and apixaban 14.5% vs 9.3%, P < .001 for all comparisons. Among all anticoagulants except warfarin, we found increased bleeding incidence in cancer patients with metastatic disease, gastrointestinal primary, CKD ≥ stage III, and platelets <100,000 × 109/L. Bleeding incidence was higher in cancer patients regardless of the anticoagulant used. Patients with gastrointestinal malignancies had a higher incidence of bleeding compared to other tumors across all anticoagulants. Other factors associated with increased risk of bleeding included metastatic disease, chronic kidney disease, and thrombocytopenia.
Fluorescence analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbon photodegradation in the presence of polypropylene microfibers
Authors: Tchaikovskaya O.N. , Kraukhina V.S. , Artjyshin V.R. , Petrova A.Yu. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, degradation of naphthalene and anthracene in water using ultraviolet (UV) light in the presence of polypropylene microfibers (PPM) modified with TiO2 was investigated using fluorescence analysis. KrCl (λrad = 222 nm) and XeCl (λrad = 308 nm) excilamps were used in a photoreactor. Phototransformation was studied for compounds in the presence of PPMs modified with TiO2 particles. The results indicated that the toxicants concentration was reduced by two orders of magnitude in the presence of PPMs. This reduction was due to effective adsorption of naphthalene and anthracene from water onto the surface of the PPMs. Exposure to the toxicant–water–PPM system to UV light led to the formation of fluorescent photoproducts.
Benefits of respiratory navigation aided MRI in case of large abdominal tumors of canines: A case study
Authors: Vaskó Márta , Orsi Gergely , Perlaki Gábor , Jakab Csaba , Vajdovich Péter , Bogner Péter , Benczik Judit 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessageMagnetic resonance imaging using respiratory navigation technique can be the number one diagnostic method determining operability of large‐sized abdominal tumors of dogs. This technique eliminates motion artifacts and makes possible the visualization of the origin and extent of the tumor and of the possible abdominal metastases.
IL‐10–producing regulatory B cells in skin diseases
Authors: Suga Hiraku , Sato Shinichi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractB cells are generally considered to regulate immune responses positively because they differentiate into plasma cells and produce antigen‐specific antibodies. However, specific B‐cell subsets have been reported to regulate immune responses negatively and have been termed regulatory B cells. Accumulating evidence has shown that regulatory B cells play an important role in a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Among several regulatory B‐cell subsets, IL‐10–producing regulatory B cells are the most widely investigated. This review focused on the role of regulatory B cells in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. The frequency of IL‐10–producing B cells in the peripheral blood from patients with systemic sclerosis was decreased compared to healthy controls. In addition, the function of regulatory B cells was impaired in patients with systemic sclerosis. As for systemic lupus erythematosus, the frequency of regulatory B cells was increased in the peripheral blood, while their regulatory function was impaired. In inflammatory skin diseases including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, the number of IL‐10–producing B cells was decreased compared to healthy controls. Similarly, patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma showed decreased number of IL‐10–producing B cells. Taken together, regulatory B cells would play important roles in suppressing the disease onset, whose dysfunction might lead to worsening the disease symptoms. Revealing the mechanisms of human regulatory B cells in skin diseases could lead to the development of novel therapies targeting regulatory B cells.
Sustainable compensation policies and its effect on environmental, social, and governance scores
Authors: Baraibar‐Diez Elisa , Odriozola María D. , Fernández Sánchez José Luis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe incorporation of sustainable compensation policies reflects the willingness of companies to manage the behavior of directors towards long‐term goals, responding to a large number of stakeholders with different demands. Analysis of compensation policies is biased to financial performance, so that the effectiveness of sustainable policies remains unexplored. This paper investigates whether having a sustainable compensation policy has a positive influence on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and economic scores. These relationships are tested by estimating a fixed‐effects model for listed companies from Spain, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom in the period 2005–2015. According to the results, sustainable compensation policies affect ESG scores, but especially when firms have a corporate social responsibility committee acting as control mechanism and supporting the achievement of those objectives, triggering better nonfinancial performance. This paper contributes to literature by exploring the effect of sustainable incentives and expands the range and richness of results by including four different scores.
Characteristics and simulation of snow interception by the canopy of primary spruce‐fir Korean pine forests in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains of China
Authors: Xiao Yang , Li Xiaosong , Zhao Shuping , Song Guohua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSnow interception by the forest canopy is an important control on the forest hydrological cycle in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains within the northern temperate region of China. In this study, the effects of snowfall characteristics and stand structures on the snowfall redistribution of the canopies within primary spruce‐fir Korean pine forests are analyzed at the forest stand scale. Characteristics of snowfall, through‐canopy snowfall, and stand structure are continuously measured using positioning observations. A semiempirical theoretical model is used to conduct snow interception simulations in the Xiaoxing'an Mountain region. The results indicate that the snowfall, canopy density, slope gradient, and tree height have a significant effect on the through‐canopy snowfall. The interception efficiency gradually decreases with an increase in the amount of snowfall and is particularly sensitive to the snowfall and canopy density, although it shows no significant correlation with average diameter at breast height, tree height, basal area, canopy height, canopy width, leaf area, or slope gradient. Very similar results have been observed in Canada and Switzerland, suggesting the transferability of the results between North America, Western Europe, and China. However, although model results provide a satisfactory simulation of snow interception, further studies are required to optimize the model in this region.