bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the impact of CITES listing of sharks and rays in Southeast Asian fisheries
Authors: Friedman K , Gabriel S , Abe O , Adnan Nuruddin A , Ali A , Bidin Raja Hassan R , Cadrin S X , Cornish A , De Meulenaer T , Dharmadi  , Fahmi  , Huu Tuan Anh L , Kachelriess D , Kissol L , Krajangdara T , Rahman Wahab A , Tanoue W , Tharith C , Torres F , Wanchana W , Win S , Yokawa K , Ye Y 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. However, measuring the effectiveness and impacts of these trade regulations for commercially exploited aquatic species remains challenging. This study highlights observed or documented changes in elasmobranch fisheries in eight Southeast Asian countries before and after the listing of sharks and rays in CITES’ Appendix II, and the influence of CITES across five pillars or sectors of a “fishery assessment framework” developed especially for this purpose. Fisheries experts reported change was most common in the “governance” (e.g., policy, regulation and compliance) and “fisher(y)” sectors (e.g., structure and effort) of the assessment framework. The smallest change was recorded in “markets” (e.g., structures and prices) and “sociocultural” sectors (e.g., consumption, livelihoods and community awareness). Overall, the study demonstrates a measurable, albeit small, mostly positive influence of CITES in five of eight countries, while noting predominantly negative influences across two, and ongoing challenges for all in maintaining legal trade of these CITES‐listed species. The study concludes by offering guidance on future needs: most notably, more effort for long‐term collection of fundamental fisher‐, stock‐ and market‐related data to inform adaptive management and facilitation of legal trade where it is shown to be sustainable. Furthermore, as many of the shark and ray species under CITES provisions are transboundary stocks, increased support for communication and cooperation among regional fishery stakeholders is an ongoing need.
Oceanographic factors affecting interannual recruitment variability of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in the central and western North Pacific
Authors: Ichii Taro , Nishikawa Haruka , Mahapatra Kedarnath , Okamura Hiroshi , Igarashi Hiromichi , Sakai Mitsuo , Suyama Satoshi , Nakagami Masayasu , Naya Miyako , Usui Norihisa , Okada Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPacific saury (Cololabis saira) has a short life span of 2 years and tends to exhibit marked population fluctuations. To examine the importance of sea surface temperature (SST) and mixed layer depth (MLD) as oceanographic factors for interannual variability of saury recruitment in early life history, we analyzed the relationship between abundance index (survey CPUE (catch per unit of effort)) of age‐1 fish and the oceanographic factors in the spawning and nursery grounds of the previous year when they were born, for the period of 1979–2006, in the central and western North Pacific. Applying the mixture of two linear regression models, the variability in the survey CPUE was positively correlated with previous year's winter SST in the Kuroshio Recirculation region (KR) throughout the survey period except 1994–2002. In contrast, the survey CPUE was positively correlated with the previous year's spring MLD (a proxy of spring chlorophyll a (Chl‐a) concentration) in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Transition and Kuroshio Extension (TKE) during 1994–2002. This period is characterized by unusually deep spring MLD during 1994–1997 and anomalous climate conditions during 1998–2002. We suggest that saury recruitment variability was generally driven by the winter SST in the KR (winter spawning/nursery ground), or by the spring Chl‐a concentration (a proxy of prey for saury larvae) in the TKE (spring spawning/nursery ground). These oceanographic factors could be potentially useful to predict abundance trends of age‐1 saury in the future if the conditions leading to the switch between SST and MLD as the key input variable are elucidated further.
Recurrent seascape units identify key ecological processes along the western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Bowman Jeff S. , Kavanaugh Maria T. , Doney Scott C. , Ducklow Hugh W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a bellwether of global climate change and natural laboratory for identifying interactions between climate and ecosystems. The Palmer Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) project has collected data on key ecological and environmental processes along the WAP since 1993. To better understand how key ecological parameters are changing across space and time, we developed a novel seascape classification approach based on in situ temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, nitrate + nitrite, phosphate, and silicate. We anticipate that this approach will be broadly applicable to other geographical areas. Through the application of self‐organizing maps (SOMs), we identified eight recurrent seascape units (SUs) in these data. These SUs have strong fidelity to known regional water masses but with an additional layer of biogeochemical detail, allowing us to identify multiple distinct nutrient profiles in several water masses. To identify the temporal and spatial distribution of these SUs, we mapped them across the Palmer LTER sampling grid via objective mapping of the original parameters. Analysis of the abundance and distribution of SUs since 1993 suggests two year types characterized by the partitioning of chlorophyll a into SUs with different spatial characteristics. By developing generalized linear models for correlated, time‐lagged external drivers, we conclude that early spring sea ice conditions exert a strong influence on the distribution of chlorophyll a and nutrients along the WAP, but not necessarily the total chlorophyll a inventory. Because the distribution and density of phytoplankton biomass can have an impact on biomass transfer to the upper trophic levels, these results highlight anticipated links between the WAP marine ecosystem and climate.
The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Europe and the impact of lifestyle on its natural evolution toward stomach cancer after infection: A systematic review
Authors: Venneman Kimberly , Huybrechts Inge , Gunter Marc J. , Vandendaele Lieve , Herrero Rolando , Van Herck Koen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori is a recognized cause of stomach cancer, but only a fraction of infected subjects develop cancer. This systematic review 1, summarizes the prevalence of infection with this bacterium in Europe; and 2, reviews the possible impact of particular lifestyles in progression from infection to stomach cancer.Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in two databases by two independent investigators. Studies describing prevalence of infection among European healthy adult populations and worldwide studies analyzing the impact of lifestyle factors in association with H. pylori on stomach cancer risk were included.ResultsVariable H. pylori infection prevalence was observed depending on region and study period. The lowest infection prevalences were found in Northern Europe, while the highest were in Eastern and Southern Europe, up to 84% in Portugal and Poland. Studies on smoking, salt, and meat consumption demonstrated increased risks of developing stomach cancer among H. pylori‐infected individuals, while studies relating the intake of fruit, vegetables, and vitamins demonstrated decreased risks, but the levels of significance differed importantly between studies. No significant interaction could be found for alcohol consumption or physical activity.ConclusionsRecent data showed remaining high H. pylori infection rates in several European regions. This systematic review suggests that a number of correctable lifestyle factors could impact the disease progression toward H. pylori‐associated stomach cancer. However, additional research is required to determine the potential role of targeted interventions in reducing stomach cancer development after H. pylori infection.
Labouring out of Adversity: Maconochie, Political Economy and Penal Labour
Authors: MOORE J.M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe modern prison emerged at broadly the same time as the discourse of political economy and a new understanding of the social meaning of work. This research explores how one penal theorist, Alexander Maconochie (1787–1860), deployed the ideas of political economy to answer key questions central to early‐19th‐Century debates about work's exact role in penal regimes. The reformation of the criminal, Maconochie argued, should be the primary aim of State punishment and this could be achieved through deploying political economy's ‘invisible hand’ to organise penal labour. The final section briefly explores Maconochie's two opportunities to test his theories and shows that, however intellectually coherent they were, in practice they proved impossible to implement.
Role of bone scan index in the prognosis and effects of therapy on prostate cancer with bone metastasis: Study design and rationale for the multicenter Prostatic Cancer Registry of Standard Hormonal and Chemotherapy Using Bone Scan Index (PROSTAT‐BSI) study
Authors: Nakajima Kenichi , Kaneko Go , Takahashi Satoru , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Shiina Hiroaki , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Horikoshi Hiroyuki , Hashine Katsuyoshi , Sugiyama Yutaka , Miyao Takeshi , Kamiyama Manabu , Harada Kenichi , Ito Akito , Mizokami Atsushi ,   the PROSTAT‐BSI Investigators
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo present the study design and rationale of Prostatic Cancer Registry of Standard Hormonal and Chemotherapy Using Bone Scan Index, a prospective study aiming to determine the role of the bone scan index, the amount of bone metastasis, in the treatment and prognosis of prostate cancer patients.MethodsA total of 237 patients were recruited at 30 hospitals in Japan. All had prostate cancer with bone metastasis and were scheduled to undergo either hormonal therapy (group H) or chemotherapy (group C). Bone scans were carried out with 99mTc‐methylenediphosphonate. Follow‐up studies are planned to continue for 3 years, and changes in biochemical and tumor markers in response to hormonal therapy and chemotherapy will be recorded in addition to skeletal‐related events, recurrence, disease progression and death.ResultsThe basic characteristics of the patients (n = 200) at the time of registration during December 2016 were as follows: mean age 71 ± 8 years; median bone scan index calculated on‐site 1.9% (range 0.02–13.3%); median number of hot spots 18 (range 1–128); median prostate‐specific antigen 155 ng/mL (range 0.04–22 412 ng/mL); and the most frequent Gleason score 9 (47%). The prostate‐specific antigen value was higher in group H than group C (288 vs 33 ng/mL, P < 0.0001), whereas bone scan indexes were comparable (1.7 vs 2.3%, not significant) between the two groups. Liver metastasis was more frequent in group C than group H (6.1% vs 0.8%, P = 0.035).ConclusionsThe baseline characteristics of the Prostatic Cancer Registry of Standard Hormonal and Chemotherapy Using Bone Scan Index database have been established. This collaborative study can now proceed with clarifying the role of the bone scan index for patient management including treatment strategies and prognosis.
Benchmarking working conditions for health and safety in the frontline healthcare industry: Perspectives from Australia and Malaysia
Authors: McLinton Sarven S. , Loh May Young , Dollard Maureen F. , Tuckey Michelle M. R. , Idris Mohd Awang , Morton Sharon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo present benchmarks for working conditions in healthcare industries as an initial effort into international surveillance.BackgroundThe healthcare industry is fundamental to sustaining the health of Australians, yet it is under immense pressure. Budgets are limited, demands are increasing as are workplace injuries and all of these factors compromise patient care. Urgent attention is needed to reduce strains on workers and costs in health care, however, little work has been done to benchmark psychosocial factors in healthcare working conditions in the Asia‐Pacific. Intercultural comparisons are important to provide an evidence base for public policy.DesignA cross‐sectional design was used (like other studies of prevalence), including a mixed‐methods approach with qualitative interviews to better contextualize the results.MethodsData on psychosocial factors and other work variables were collected from healthcare workers in three hospitals in Australia (N = 1,258) and Malaysia (N = 1,125). 2015 benchmarks were calculated for each variable and comparison was conducted via independent samples t tests. Healthcare samples were also compared with benchmarks for non‐healthcare general working populations from their respective countries: Australia (N = 973) and Malaysia (N = 225).FindingsOur study benchmarks healthcare working conditions in Australia and Malaysia against the general working population, identifying trends that indicate the industry is in need of intervention strategies and job redesign initiatives that better support psychological health and safety.ConclusionWe move toward a better understanding of the precursors of psychosocial safety climate in a broader context, including similarities and differences between Australia and Malaysia in national culture, government occupational health and safety policies and top‐level management practices.
“We're at a watershed”: The positioning of PhD nurses in clinical practice
Authors: Andreassen Pernille , Christensen Mette Krogh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore different perspectives on the positioning (i.e. the perceived rights and duties) of PhD nurses and how they contribute to clinical nursing practice.BackgroundThe number of PhD nurses is growing worldwide, but we only have little knowledge of what is expected of PhD nurses and what their actual impact is in the clinic.DesignThe findings of this article stem from a qualitative, explorative interview study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were carried out with six PhD nurses, nine nurse colleagues and six clinical nurse leaders. Data collection took place from April ‐ June 2016 in Central Denmark Region. Data were analysed using positioning theory.FindingsThe PhD nurses were positioned as responsible for implementing evidence‐based practice in the clinic and in nursing culture as such. Emphasis was put on the importance of PhD nurses staying close to the clinic to do practice‐based research of immediate effect for patient care.ConclusionThe study reveals several positive effects of PhD nurses in the clinic but also problematizes the many and diverse duties they are expected to carry out.
Clinical and dermoscopic characteristics of congenital melanocytic naevi
Authors: Stefanaki C. , Soura E. , Stergiopoulou A. , Kontochristopoulos G. , Katsarou A. , Potouridou I. , Rigopoulos D. , Antoniou C. , Stratigos A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrompted by the limited data, we conducted this study to gather more information on dermoscopic features of CN in children, in order to optimize clinical care and management.Materials and methodsAll children with congenital nevi (CN) attending our Pediatric Pigmented Skin Lesion Unit during a 2‐year period were included in the study. Clinical data were collected, and all children underwent clinical and dermoscopic examination. Dermoscopic patterns and specific features were recorded.ResultsThree hundred and thirty CN were examined in a population of 276 children, aged from 6 months to 14 years. The majority (85.14%) had only one congenital naevus, and 43.12% had a family history of congenital nevi. Children with multiple congenital nevi were more likely to have a positive family history of a CN (P = 0.012). Only, in 23 children, neurological/developmental abnormalities were reported.Small CN were the commonest in our cohort (167) followed by the medium‐sized (160), whereas large CN (>20 cm) were only three. Thirty‐eight CN were located on the volar skin. The globular was the commonest dermoscopic pattern, followed by the reticular, whereas the parallel furrow pattern was the commonest pattern on palms and soles. CN on the trunk were more likely to be globular on the limbs, and reticular and homogeneous on the head and neck (P < 0.001). The commonest dermoscopic findings were haloed and target globules, blotches and perifollicular hypopigmentation, whereas globules and dots around cristae on volar skin. CN located on the limbs were more likely to demonstrate an atypical network (P = 0.001) and a target network with globules (P = 0.020), whereas haloed and target globules (P < 0.001), blotches (P = 0.023) and dots (P = 0.004) were found with an increased frequency in CN on the trunk.ConclusionsGiven that there is much controversy on the management and accurate classification of CN, our findings may provide useful information.
Epidemiology of skin cancer in the German population: impact of socioeconomic and geographic factors
Authors: Augustin J. , Kis A. , Sorbe C. , Schäfer I. , Augustin M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSkin cancer being the most common cancer in Germany has shown increasing incidence in the past decade. Since mostly caused by excessive UV exposure, skin cancer is largely related to behaviour. So far, the impact of regional and sociodemographic factors on the development of skin cancer in Germany is unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association of potential predictive factors with the prevalence of skin cancers in Germany.MethodsNationwide ambulatory care claims data from persons insured in statutory health insurances (SHI) with malignant melanoma (MM, ICD‐10 C43) and non‐melanocytic skin cancer (NMSC, ICD‐10 C44) in the years 2009–2015 were analysed. In addition, sociodemographic population data and satellite‐based UV and solar radiation data were associated. Descriptive and multivariate (spatial) statistical analyses (e.g. Bayes’ smoothing) were conducted on county level.ResultsData from 70.1 million insured persons were analysed. Age‐standardized prevalences per 100 000 SHI insured persons for MM and NMSC were 284.7 and 1126.9 in 2009 and 378.5 and 1708.2 in 2015. Marked regional variations were observed with prevalences between 32.9% and 51.6%. Multivariate analysis shows among others statistically significant positive correlations between higher income and education, and MM/NMSC prevalence.ConclusionPrevalence of MM and NMSC in Germany shows spatio‐temporal dynamics. Our results demonstrate that regional UV radiation, sunshine hours and sociodemographic factors have significant impact on skin cancer prevalence in Germany. Individual behaviour obviously is a major determinant which should be subject to preventive interventions.
Volumetric laser endomicroscopy interpretation and feature analysis in dysplastic Barrett's esophagus
Authors: Kamboj Amrit K , Kahn Allon , Wolfsen Herbert C , Trindade Arvind J , Ganguly Eric K , Otaki Fouad , Chan Daniel , Zakko Liam , Visrodia Kavel , Lutzke Lori , Wang Kenneth K , Leggett Cadman L 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground and AimVolumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) is used to identify Barrett's esophagus (BE) dysplasia. Selection of a dysplastic region of interest (ROI) can be challenging due to feature variability across a large amount of data. The degree of agreement among VLE users in selecting a ROI has not been studied.MethodsHigh‐definition videos that divided a VLE scan from 18 patients with biopsy‐proven BE dysplasia into 1‐cm segments were reviewed using a four‐quadrant grid superimposed for systematic interpretation. VLE scans were selected based on image quality and appropriate visualization of BE epithelium. Four experienced VLE users rated each quadrant as dysplastic or non‐dysplastic. For quadrants rated as dysplastic, reviewers selected a single timeframe with representative features. A high‐degree of agreement among reviewers was defined as ≥75% agreement on the quadrant diagnosis and ≥50% agreement on selected timeframe (±2 s).ResultsThirty‐one videos, each 32 s in length, comprising 124 quadrants were reviewed. There was high‐agreement among reviewers in 99 (80%) quadrants, of which 68 (69%) were rated as dysplastic. Compared with quadrants rated as non‐dysplastic, ROIs of quadrants rated as dysplastic contained a higher number of epithelial glands (12.7 vs 1.2, P < 0.001) with atypical architecture (54 vs 1, P < 0.001). A statistically significant difference was observed between the signal intensity profiles of quadrants rated as dysplastic and quadrants rated as non‐dysplastic (P = 0.004).ConclusionThis study highlights that experienced VLE users can identify ROIs with high‐degree of agreement. Selected ROIs contained VLE features associated with BE dysplasia.
A qualitative study of older adults’ and family caregivers’ perspectives regarding their preoperative care transitions
Authors: Malley Ann M. , Bourbonniere Mary , Naylor Mary 
Published: April 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore how older patients with multiple chronic conditions and their family caregivers perceive their engagement and overall care experience throughout the preoperative phase of elective orthopaedic hip or knee joint replacement.BackgroundPatient engagement is a critical component of care necessary for improving patient outcomes. Little is known about how older adults with multiple chronic conditions and their family caregivers engage in preoperative care transitions and the subsequent impact of this experience on postoperative health outcomes.DesignProspective qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsSemi‐structured telephone interviews with a convenience sample of older adults coping with multiple chronic conditions and their family caregivers. Interviews were conducted prior to surgery and, again 21 days postsurgery, were audio‐recorded and transcribed for qualitative content analysis. The Quality Health Outcomes Model was used to categorise study findings.ResultsEleven patients and five family caregivers participated. Guided by the Quality Health Outcomes Model, four major themes were identified. (i) Older adults perceive that joint replacement is about quality of life. (ii) Standardised interventions often fail to address the unique needs of complex older adults. (iii) Family caregivers perceive they are the primary care coordinators. (iv) Postoperative outcomes and resource utilisation vary widely in complex older adults.ConclusionFindings suggest that current preoperative care interventions are often not designed to effectively engage complex older patients and their family caregivers. Coordinated patient‐centred preoperative care that reflects the needs and goals of complex older patients and their family caregivers may positively influence perioperative care transitions and outcomes beyond this episode of care.Relevance to clinical practiceThe current research documents the need for more in‐depth knowledge about the relationship between older adults’ and their family caregivers’ engagement preoperatively and postoperative outcomes and resource utilisation.