bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale synthesis of coiled-like shaped carbon nanotubes using bi-metal catalyst
Authors: Krishna Vemula Mohana , Somanathan T. , Manikandan E. , Umar Ahmad , Maaza M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with coiled structure exhibit scientifically fascinating. They may be projected as an innovative preference to future technological materials. Coiled carbon nanotubes (c-CNTs) on a large-scale were successfully synthesized with the help of bi-metal substituted α-alumina nanoparticles catalyst via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Highly spring-like carbon nanostructures were observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) examination. Furthermore, the obtained material has high purity, which correlates the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the carbon multi layers are well graphitized and crystalline, even if they have defects in its structure due to coiled morphology. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) describes internal structure and dia of the product. Ultimately, results support the activity of bi-metal impregnated α-alumina nanoparticles catalyst to determine the high yield, graphitization and internal structure of the material. We have also studied the purified c-CNTs magnetic properties at room temperature and will be an added advantage in several applications.
TWO MODELS FOR DISCHARGE OF A CONTRACT BY REPUDIATION
Authors: Carter J.W. , Courtney Wayne , Tolhurst Gregory 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article compares two models of discharge for repudiation. The first – termed the “mirror image model” – has come to the fore only in recent years. It treats the applicable principles as the mirror image of those that govern discharge for failure to perform a contractual term. Under the second model – the “differentiated model” – repudiation is analysed in terms of various criteria that respond to conceptual diversity within the basis for discharge. The two models diverge, at the heart of the repudiation doctrine, when the issue is whether a reasonable person would regard the promisor as having refused to perform the contract. It is argued that the differentiated model is the better model, and also the preferred view of the common law.
In Crisis or Decline? Selecting Women to Lead Provincial Parties in Government
Authors: Thomas Melanee 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe majority of Canada's women premiers were selected to that office while their parties held government. This is uncommon, both in the comparative literature and among premiers who are men. What explains this gendered selection pattern to Canada's provincial premiers’ offices? This paper explores the most common explanation found in the comparative literature for women's emergence as leaders of electorally competitive parties and as chief political executives: women are more likely to be selected when that party is in crisis or decline. Using the population of women provincial premiers in Canada as case studies, evidence suggests three of eight women premiers were selected to lead parties in government that were in crisis or decline; a fourth was selected to lead a small, left-leaning party as predicted by the literature. However, for half of the women premiers, evidence of their party's decline is partial or inconclusive. As a result of this exploration, more research is required to draw generalizations about the gendered opportunity structures that shape how women enter (and exit) the premier's office in Canada.
Contextualizing the Crisis: The Framing of Syrian Refugees in Canadian Print Media
Authors: Wallace Rebecca 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis project examines the framing of the Syrian refugee crisis in Canadian print media from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016, in eight English-language major dailies. Using automated coding to uncover central themes in the coverage, this analysis explores the changes in news frames over the course of the conflict and the concomitant federal election in Canada, as well as across regional and national news sources. The results indicate that the conflict frame dominates the coverage of Syrian refugees in the pre-election period but shifts markedly following the release of the iconic Alan Kurdi photo toward a more humanizing depiction of refugee families and their resettlement. This analysis speaks to the importance of news media in reflecting and reproducing depictions of refugees among the Canadian public, highlighting the value of examining changes in the portrayals of refugees over time and across news outlets.
On the use of the Ziehl-Neelsen Technique for Specific Identification of Schistosome Eggs
Authors: Muller R. L. , Taylor M. G. 
Published: February 2018

By means of the standard Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique for eggs in tissue sections S. intercalatum can be differentiated from its sibling species S. haematobium, S. mattheei and S. bovis, since only S. intercalatum egg shells stain red.This technique could be of great value in Africa in clinical diagnosis and in determining the geographical limits and host specificity of these schistosomes, which may easily be confused on the basis of egg morphology alone.
Parametric excitation of surface plasma waves over a metallic surface by laser in an external magnetic field
Authors: Chauhan Prashant , Goel Deepika , Varshney Anshu , Singh D. B. , Sajal Vivek 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEffects of external static magnetic field (applied in$\hat y$-direction) on resonant excitation of surface plasma waves (SPW) have been investigated over the metal free space interface. The high power laser$({\rm \omega} _0,\;\vec k_{0z})$is incident over the metal surface and exerts a ponderomotive force on the metal electrons in the skin layer. The ponderomotive force disturbs the quasi-neutrality of plasma which results into the excitation of space charge field at the frequency 2ω0. The electron density perturbation at frequency 2ω0driven by self-consistent space charge potential couples with the oscillatory velocity due to the seed SPW$({\rm \omega}, \;\vec k_z)$and produces nonlinear current to drive another counter propagating SPW$({\rm \omega} _1,\;\vec k_{1z})$at the phase matching conditions of frequency ω = ω1− 2ω0and wavenumber$\vec k_z = \vec k_{1z} - 2\vec k{}_{0z}$(by feedback mechanism). The parametric process becomes resonant at 2ω0≈ ωpand the maximum growth rate is achieved for an incidence angle of laser θ = 40°. The growth rate of the process reduces to half on increasing the magnetic field from 0.49 to 2.45 MG. The present study may be significant to the laser absorption experiments where surface rippling can strongly affect the laser energy absorption.
Displacement, Repetition and Repression: Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg on Stage in the Weimar Republic
Authors: Sheil Áine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRelatively little scholarly attention has been paid to the performance and reception history of Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg during the Weimar Republic (1919–33), but as this article will demonstrate, the opera played an indispensable role in the repertories of Weimar-era opera houses. Despite an evident desire on the part of some Weimar Republic directors and designers of Die Meistersinger to draw on staging innovations of the time, productions of the work from this period are characterised by scenic conservatism and repetition of familiar naturalistic imagery. This was not coincidental, I will argue, since Die Meistersinger served as a comforting rite for many opera-going members of the Weimar-era middle classes, at least some of whom felt economically or socially beleaguered in the aftermath of World War I. But no matter how secure the conservative theatrical conventions surrounding the Weimar Republic Meistersinger appeared, the repressed turmoil of the period seeped into ideas about the work, haunting the performance and reception of constructed German stability.
Pof8 is a La-related protein and a constitutive component of telomerase in fission yeast
Authors: Páez-Moscoso Diego J. , Pan Lili , Sigauke Rutendo F. , Schroeder Morgan R. , Tang Wen , Baumann Peter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTelomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the non-coding telomerase RNA subunit (TR) constitute the core of telomerase. Here we now report that the putative F-box protein Pof8 is also a constitutive component of active telomerase in fission yeast. Pof8 functions in a hierarchical assembly pathway by promoting the binding of the Lsm2-8 complex to telomerase RNA, which in turn promotes binding of the catalytic subunit. Loss of Pof8 reduces TER1 stability, causes a severe assembly defect, and results in critically short telomeres. Structure profile searches identified similarities between Pof8 and telomerase subunits from ciliated protozoa, making Pof8 next to TERT the most widely conserved telomerase subunits identified to date.
The IAP family member BRUCE regulates autophagosome–lysosome fusion
Authors: Ebner Petra , Poetsch Isabella , Deszcz Luiza , Hoffmann Thomas , Zuber Johannes , Ikeda Fumiyo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAutophagy has an important role in cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling cytotoxic components. Ubiquitination is known to target cargoes for autophagy; however, key components of this pathway remain elusive. Here we performed an RNAi screen to uncover ubiquitin modifiers that are required for starvation-induced macroautophagy in mammalian cells. Our screen uncovered BRUCE/Apollon/Birc6, an IAP protein, as a new autophagy regulator. Depletion of BRUCE leads to defective fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Mechanistically, BRUCE selectively interacts with two ATG8 members GABARAP and GABARAPL1, as well as with Syntaxin 17, which are all critical regulators of autophagosome–lysosome fusion. In addition, BRUCE colocalizes with LAMP2. Interestingly, a non-catalytic N-terminal BRUCE fragment that is sufficient to bind GABARAP/GABARAPL1 and Syntaxin 17, and to colocalize with LAMP2, rescues autolysosome formation in Bruce
−/−
cells. Thus, BRUCE promotes autolysosome formation independently of its ubiquitin-conjugating activity and is a regulator of both macroautophagy and apoptosis.
Statistical modeling of RNA structure profiling experiments enables parsimonious reconstruction of structure landscapes
Authors: Li Hua , Aviran Sharon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRNA plays key regulatory roles in diverse cellular processes, where its functionality often derives from folding into and converting between structures. Many RNAs further rely on co-existence of alternative structures, which govern their response to cellular signals. However, characterizing heterogeneous landscapes is difficult, both experimentally and computationally. Recently, structure profiling experiments have emerged as powerful and affordable structure characterization methods, which improve computational structure prediction. To date, efforts have centered on predicting one optimal structure, with much less progress made on multiple-structure prediction. Here, we report a probabilistic modeling approach that predicts a parsimonious set of co-existing structures and estimates their abundances from structure profiling data. We demonstrate robust landscape reconstruction and quantitative insights into structural dynamics by analyzing numerous data sets. This work establishes a framework for data-directed characterization of structure landscapes to aid experimentalists in performing structure-function studies.
Laboratory evidence of dynamo amplification of magnetic fields in a turbulent plasma
Authors: Tzeferacos P. , Rigby A. , Bott A. F. A. , Bell A. R. , Bingham R. , Casner A. , Cattaneo F. , Churazov E. M. , Emig J. , Fiuza F. , Forest C. B. , Foster J. , Graziani C. , Katz J. , Koenig M. , Li C.-K. , Meinecke J. , Petrasso R. , Park H.-S. , Remington B. A. , Ross J. S. , Ryu D. , Ryutov D. , White T. G. , Reville B. , Miniati F. , Schekochihin A. A. , Lamb D. Q. , Froula D. H. , Gregori G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMagnetic fields are ubiquitous in the Universe. The energy density of these fields is typically comparable to the energy density of the fluid motions of the plasma in which they are embedded, making magnetic fields essential players in the dynamics of the luminous matter. The standard theoretical model for the origin of these strong magnetic fields is through the amplification of tiny seed fields via turbulent dynamo to the level consistent with current observations. However, experimental demonstration of the turbulent dynamo mechanism has remained elusive, since it requires plasma conditions that are extremely hard to re-create in terrestrial laboratories. Here we demonstrate, using laser-produced colliding plasma flows, that turbulence is indeed capable of rapidly amplifying seed fields to near equipartition with the turbulent fluid motions. These results support the notion that turbulent dynamo is a viable mechanism responsible for the observed present-day magnetization.
Patterns of island change and persistence offer alternate adaptation pathways for atoll nations
Authors: Kench Paul S. , Ford Murray R. , Owen Susan D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSea-level rise and climatic change threaten the existence of atoll nations. Inundation and erosion are expected to render islands uninhabitable over the next century, forcing human migration. Here we present analysis of shoreline change in all 101 islands in the Pacific atoll nation of Tuvalu. Using remotely sensed data, change is analysed over the past four decades, a period when local sea level has risen at twice the global average (~3.90 ± 0.4 mm.yr−1). Results highlight a net increase in land area in Tuvalu of 73.5 ha (2.9%), despite sea-level rise, and land area increase in eight of nine atolls. Island change has lacked uniformity with 74% increasing and 27% decreasing in size. Results challenge perceptions of island loss, showing islands are dynamic features that will persist as sites for habitation over the next century, presenting alternate opportunities for adaptation that embrace the heterogeneity of island types and their dynamics.
Committed sea-level rise under the Paris Agreement and the legacy of delayed mitigation action
Authors: Mengel Matthias , Nauels Alexander , Rogelj Joeri , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSea-level rise is a major consequence of climate change that will continue long after emissions of greenhouse gases have stopped. The 2015 Paris Agreement aims at reducing climate-related risks by reducing greenhouse gas emissions to net zero and limiting global-mean temperature increase. Here we quantify the effect of these constraints on global sea-level rise until 2300, including Antarctic ice-sheet instabilities. We estimate median sea-level rise between 0.7 and 1.2 m, if net-zero greenhouse gas emissions are sustained until 2300, varying with the pathway of emissions during this century. Temperature stabilization below 2 °C is insufficient to hold median sea-level rise until 2300 below 1.5 m. We find that each 5-year delay in near-term peaking of CO2 emissions increases median year 2300 sea-level rise estimates by ca. 0.2 m, and extreme sea-level rise estimates at the 95th percentile by up to 1 m. Our results underline the importance of near-term mitigation action for limiting long-term sea-level rise risks.
Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like gene screen reveals that Nicotiana RXEG1 regulates glycoside hydrolase 12 MAMP detection
Authors: Wang Yan , Xu Yuanpeng , Sun Yujing , Wang Huibin , Qi Jiaming , Wan Bowen , Ye Wenwu , Lin Yachun , Shao Yuanyuan , Dong Suomeng , Tyler Brett M. , Wang Yuanchao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractActivation of innate immunity by membrane-localized receptors is conserved across eukaryotes. Plant genomes contain hundreds of such receptor-like genes and those encoding proteins with an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain represent the largest family. Here, we develop a high-throughput approach to study LRR receptor-like genes on a genome-wide scale. In total, 257 tobacco rattle virus-based constructs are generated to target 386 of the 403 identified LRR receptor-like genes in Nicotiana benthamiana for silencing. Using this toolkit, we identify the LRR receptor-like protein Response to XEG1 (RXEG1) that specifically recognizes the glycoside hydrolase 12 protein XEG1. RXEG1 associates with XEG1 via the LRR domain in the apoplast and forms a complex with the LRR receptor-like kinases BAK1 and SOBIR1 to transduce the XEG1-induced defense signal. Thus, this genome-wide silencing assay is demonstrated to be an efficient toolkit to pinpoint new immune receptors, which will contribute to developing durable disease resistance.
Three-dimensional structural dynamics of DNA origami Bennett linkages using individual-particle electron tomography
Authors: Lei Dongsheng , Marras Alexander E. , Liu Jianfang , Huang Chao-Min , Zhou Lifeng , Castro Carlos E. , Su Hai-Jun , Ren Gang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractScaffolded DNA origami has proven to be a powerful and efficient technique to fabricate functional nanomachines by programming the folding of a single-stranded DNA template strand into three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures, designed to be precisely motion-controlled. Although two-dimensional (2D) imaging of DNA nanomachines using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy suggested these nanomachines are dynamic in 3D, geometric analysis based on 2D imaging was insufficient to uncover the exact motion in 3D. Here we use the individual-particle electron tomography method and reconstruct 129 density maps from 129 individual DNA origami Bennett linkage mechanisms at ~ 6–14 nm resolution. The statistical analyses of these conformations lead to understanding the 3D structural dynamics of Bennett linkage mechanisms. Moreover, our effort provides experimental verification of a theoretical kinematics model of DNA origami, which can be used as feedback to improve the design and control of motion via optimized DNA sequences and routing.
Molecular-channel driven actuator with considerations for multiple configurations and color switching
Authors: Mu Jiuke , Wang Gang , Yan Hongping , Li Huayu , Wang Xuemin , Gao Enlai , Hou Chengyi , Pham Anh Thi Cam , Wu Lianjun , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Xu Zhiping , Guo Yang , Reichmanis Elsa , Wang Hongzhi , Zhu Meifang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ability to achieve simultaneous intrinsic deformation with fast response in commercially available materials that can safely contact skin continues to be an unresolved challenge for artificial actuating materials. Rather than using a microporous structure, here we show an ambient-driven actuator that takes advantage of inherent nanoscale molecular channels within a commercial perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer (PFSA) film, fabricated by simple solution processing to realize a rapid response, self-adaptive, and exceptionally stable actuation. Selective patterning of PFSA films on an inert soft substrate (polyethylene terephthalate film) facilitates the formation of a range of different geometries, including a 2D (two-dimensional) roll or 3D (three-dimensional) helical structure in response to vapor stimuli. Chemical modification of the surface allowed the development of a kirigami-inspired single-layer actuator for personal humidity and heat management through macroscale geometric design features, to afford a bilayer stimuli-responsive actuator with multicolor switching capability.
Cellular imaging by targeted assembly of hot-spot SERS and photoacoustic nanoprobes using split-fluorescent protein scaffolds
Authors: Köker Tuğba , Tang Nathalie , Tian Chao , Zhang Wei , Wang Xueding , Martel Richard , Pinaud Fabien 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe in cellulo assembly of plasmonic nanomaterials into photo-responsive probes is of great interest for many bioimaging and nanophotonic applications but remains challenging with traditional nucleic acid scaffolds-based bottom-up methods. Here, we address this quandary using split-fluorescent protein (FP) fragments as molecular glue and switchable Raman reporters to assemble gold or silver plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) into photonic clusters directly in live cells. When targeted to diffusing surface biomarkers in cancer cells, the NPs self-assemble into surface-enhanced Raman-scattering (SERS) nanoclusters having hot spots homogenously seeded by the reconstruction of full-length FPs. Within plasmonic hot spots, autocatalytic activation of the FP chromophore and near-field amplification of its Raman fingerprints enable selective and sensitive SERS imaging of targeted cells. This FP-driven assembly of metal colloids also yields enhanced photoacoustic signals, allowing the hybrid FP/NP nanoclusters to serve as contrast agents for multimodal SERS and photoacoustic microscopy with single-cell sensitivity.
Deficiency of a triterpene pathway results in humidity-sensitive genic male sterility in rice
Authors: Xue Zheyong , Xu Xia , Zhou Yuan , Wang Xiaoning , Zhang Yingchun , Liu Dan , Zhao Binbin , Duan Lixin , Qi Xiaoquan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn flowering plants, the pollen coat protects the released male germ cells from desiccation and damage during pollination. However, we know little about the mechanism by which the chemical composition of the pollen coat prevents dehydration of pollen grains. Here we report that deficiency of a grass conserved triterpene synthase, OsOSC12/OsPTS1, in rice leads to failure of pollen coat formation. The mutant plants are male sterile at low relative humidity (RH < 60%), but fully male fertile at high relative humidity (>80%). The lack of three major fatty acids in the pollen coat results in rapid dehydration of pollen grains. We show that applying mixtures of linolenic acid and palmitic acid or stearic acid are able to prevent over-dehydration of mutant pollen grains. We propose that humidity-sensitive genic male sterility (HGMS) could be a desirable trait for hybrid breeding in rice, wheat, maize, and other crops.
Minimising efficiency roll-off in high-brightness perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zou Wei , Li Renzhi , Zhang Shuting , Liu Yunlong , Wang Nana , Cao Yu , Miao Yanfeng , Xu Mengmeng , Guo Qiang , Di Dawei , Zhang Li , Yi Chang , Gao Feng , Friend Richard H. , Wang Jianpu , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEfficiency roll-off is a major issue for most types of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and its origins remain controversial. Here we present investigations of the efficiency roll-off in perovskite LEDs based on two-dimensional layered perovskites. By simultaneously measuring electroluminescence and photoluminescence on a working device, supported by transient photoluminescence decay measurements, we conclude that the efficiency roll-off in perovskite LEDs is mainly due to luminescence quenching which is likely caused by non-radiative Auger recombination. This detrimental effect can be suppressed by increasing the width of quantum wells, which can be easily realized in the layered perovskites by tuning the ratio of large and small organic cations in the precursor solution. This approach leads to the realization of a perovskite LED with a record external quantum efficiency of 12.7%, and the efficiency remains to be high, at approximately 10%, under a high current density of 500 mA cm−2.