bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative ascendency predicts food web robustness
Authors: Canning Adam Douglas , Death Russell George 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThreats to ecosystems globally from anthropogenic disturbance and climate change requires us to urgently identify the most sensitive biological communities to ensure they are effectively preserved. It is for this reason that understanding and predicting food web stability has been topical within ecology. Food web stability is a multi‐faceted concept that represents the ability of a food web to maintain its integrity following disturbance, it includes resistance, resilience and fragility. In this study, we examine the ability of four food web metrics to predict the fragility to random species extinctions in 120 qualitative food webs. We show that three information‐based indices out performed food web connectance in predicting fragility, with relative ascendency having the strongest relationship. Relative ascendency was a much stronger predictor of fragility than MacArthur's stability metric, Average Mutual Information and connectance as it accounted for both the distribution and number of links between species. We also find that most qualitative food webs persist around a central tendency of relative ascendency.
Physical mechanism of ice/structure interaction
Authors: JI XU , OTERKUS ERKAN 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTTo obtain the effect of velocity and structural natural frequency (structural stiffness) on ice failure, an extended dynamic Van der Pol-based single degree-of-freedom ice/structure interaction model is developed. Three basic modes of response were reproduced: intermittent crushing, frequency lock-in and continuous crushing. Further analysis on the physical mechanism of ice/structure interaction is presented on the basis of feedback mechanism and energy mechanism, respectively. Internal effect and external effect from ice and structure were both explained in the feedback branch. Based on reproduced results, energy exchanges at different configurations are computed from the energy conservation using the first law of thermodynamics. A general conclusion on the predominant type of vibration when the ice velocity increases during the interaction process is forced, self-excited and forced in each of the three modes of responses. Ice force variations also show that there is more impulse energy during the lock-in range. Moreover, ice-induced vibration demonstrates an analogy of friction-induced self-excited vibration. Finally, the similarity between strain-stress curve and Stribeck curve shows that static and kinetic friction force variations are attributed to ice force characteristic, and can be used to explain the lower effective pressure magnitude during continuous crushing than the peak pressure during intermittent crushing.
Looking at the Southern Cone: American Trade Unionism in the Cold War Military Dictatorships of Brazil and Argentina
Authors: Corrêa Larissa Rosa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article analyzes the AFL-CIO’s anticommunist international policy in the period just before and after the overthrow of democratic regimes in Brazil (1964) and Argentina (1966–1976). It focuses on the activities of the American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD), a labor organization closely associated with US foreign policy interests. By highlighting similarities, differences, and direct connections between US labor activities in these two South American countries, I argue that Brazil’s 1964 coup and subsequent dictatorship were key experiences for US trade unionists as they formulated an AFL-CIO labor policy for Argentina and the rest of the Southern Cone.
Acute general hospital admissions in people with serious mental illness
Authors: Jayatilleke Nishamali , Hayes Richard D. , Chang Chin-Kuo , Stewart Robert 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundSerious mental illness (SMI, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder) is associated with worse general health. However, admissions to general hospitals have received little investigation. We sought to delineate frequencies of and causes for non-psychiatric hospital admissions in SMI and compare with the general population in the same area.MethodsRecords of 18 380 individuals with SMI aged ⩾20 years in southeast London were linked to hospitalisation data. Age- and gender-standardised admission ratios (SARs) were calculated by primary discharge diagnoses in the 10th edition of the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes, referencing geographic catchment data.ResultsCommonest discharge diagnosis categories in the SMI cohort were urinary conditions, digestive conditions, unclassified symptoms, neoplasms, and respiratory conditions. SARs were raised for most major categories, except neoplasms for a significantly lower risk. Hospitalisation risks were specifically higher for poisoning and external causes, injury, endocrine/metabolic conditions, haematological, neurological, dermatological, infectious and non-specific (‘Z-code’) causes. The five commonest specific ICD-10 diagnoses at discharge were ‘chronic renal failure’ (N18), a non-specific code (Z04), ‘dental caries’ (K02), ‘other disorders of the urinary system’ (N39), and ‘pain in throat and chest’ (R07), all of which were higher than expected (SARs ranging 1.57–6.66).ConclusionA range of reasons for non-psychiatric hospitalisation in SMI is apparent, with self-harm, self-neglect and/or reduced healthcare access, and medically unexplained symptoms as potential underlying explanations.
Predictors of retention in care in HIV-infected patients in a large hospital cohort in Italy
Authors: Prinapori Roberta , Giannini Barbara , Riccardi Niccolò , Bovis Francesca , Giacomini Mauro , Setti Maurizio , Viscoli Claudio , Artioli Stefania , Di Biagio Antonio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRetention in care is a key feature of the cascade of continuum of care, playing an important role in achieving therapeutic success and being crucial for reduction of HIV transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of retention in care in a large referral centre in the North of Italy and to identify predictors associated with failed retention. All new HIV-infected subjects were consecutive enrolled from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2014. Demographics, immune-virological status, hepatitis co-infection and timing of initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) data were collected at baseline and at the time of last observation. Failed retention in care was defined as lack of laboratory data, clinical visits and drug dispensation for more than 6 months from the last visit. Cox regression analysis was used. Multivariate analysis of variables with P<0.05 in univariate analysis was performed. We enrolled 269 patients (mean age 46.1 years). Males were 197 (73%), Italian 219 (81%) with mean length of disease of 5.1 years. cART was prescribed for 257 patients (95%). The rate of retention in care was 78.4% and the rate of virological suppression was 75%. Predictors of being loss to follow-up were foreign origin (P = 0.048), CD4+ count <200/mmc (P = 0.001) and not being treated for HIV infection (P = 0.0004). Predictors of cART efficacy were shorter duration of HIV infection and baseline HIV-RNA <100 000 copies/ml. These findings underline the necessity to improve retention in care by identifying groups at increased risk of being loss to follow-up. Retention in care of vulnerable population is crucial to reach 90-90-90 UNAIDS endpoint.
Implications of a school outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Northern China
Authors: Wu Xiaoguang , Pang Yu , Song Yanhua , Dong Wenzhu , Zhang Tingting , Wen Shuan , Huang Hairong , Gao Mengqiu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this study, we identified a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) outbreak in a high school in northern China. The aim of this work was to describe TB transmission, drug resistance and treatment outcomes for this patient cluster. In January 2017, pulmonary TB was identified in a 17-year-old boy in northern China. Subsequently, a total of 11 TB cases were identified during 6-month follow-up of attendees of the same school. Of five students with latent TB infection (LTBI) receiving isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), two pulmonary TB cases (40.0%) emerged in March and April, for an active case rate not significantly different from that of the non-IPT group (4/16, 25.0%, P = 0.598). All TB patients were first treated with a standardised first-line treatment regimen administered by the local TB hospital, with 11 of 12 active TB patients exhibiting poor treatment outcomes. Further data demonstrated that all nine patient isolates collected during this outbreak were MDR-TB and shared a common genotypic profile. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that diagnostic delay for the index MDR-TB case of this outbreak played a primary role in transmission of MDR-TB infection within a school setting. Importantly, IPT failed to prevent progression of MDR-TB from LTBI to active TB.
Was Eysenck right after all? A reassessment of the effects of psychotherapy for adult depression
Authors: Cuijpers P. , Karyotaki E. , Reijnders M. , Ebert D. D. 
Published: February 2018

Aims.In the 1950s, Eysenck suggested that psychotherapies may not be effective at all. Twenty-five years later, the first meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials showed that the effects of psychotherapies were considerable and that Eysenck was wrong. However, since that time methods have become available to assess biases in meta-analyses.Methods.We examined the influence of these biases on the effects of psychotherapies for adult depression, including risk of bias, publication bias and the exclusion of waiting list control groups.Results.The unadjusted effect size of psychotherapies compared with control groups was g = 0.70 (limited to Western countries: g = 0.63), which corresponds to a number-needed-to-treat of 4.18. Only 23% of the studies could be considered as a low risk of bias. When adjusting for several sources of bias, the effect size across all types of therapies dropped to g = 0.31.Conclusions.These results suggest that the effects of psychotherapy for depression are small, above the threshold that has been suggested as the minimal important difference in the treatment of depression, and Eysenck was probably wrong. However, this is still not certain because we could not adjust for all types of bias. Unadjusted meta-analyses of psychotherapies overestimate the effects considerably, and for several types of psychotherapy for adult depression, insufficient evidence is available that they are effective because too few low-risk studies were available, including problem-solving therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy and behavioural activation.
Methylphenidate enhances neuronal differentiation and reduces proliferation concomitant to activation of Wnt signal transduction pathways
Authors: Grünblatt Edna , Bartl Jasmin , Walitza Susanne 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMethylphenidate (Ritalin) is the most commonly prescribed drug in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. It is suggested that in vivo, methylphenidate treatment supports cortical maturation, however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms are not well understood. This study aimed to explore the potential effect of methylphenidate on cell proliferation and maturation in various cellular models, hypothesizing its interaction with the Wnt-signaling. The termination of cell proliferation concomitant to neuronal maturation following methylphenidate treatment was observed in all of the cell-models tested: murine neural stem-, rat PC12- and the human SH-SY5Y-cells. Inhibition of Wnt-signaling in SH-SY5Y cells with Dkk1 30 min before methylphenidate treatment suppressed neuronal differentiation but enhanced proliferation. The possible involvement of the dopamine-transporter in cell differentiation was discounted following the observation of opposing results after GBR-12909 treatment. Moreover, Wnt-activation via methylphenidate was confirmed in Wnt-luciferase-reporter assay. These findings reveal a new mechanism of action of methylphenidate that might explain long-term effects.
Psychogenic itch
Authors: Misery Laurent , Dutray Sabine , Chastaing Myriam , Schollhammer Martine , Consoli Sylvie G. , Consoli Silla M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPsychogenic itch can be defined as “an itch disorder where itch is at the center of the symptomatology and where psychological factors play an evident role in the triggering, intensity, aggravation, or persistence of the pruritus.” The disorder is poorly known by both psychiatrists and dermatologists and this review summarizes data on psychogenic itch. Because differential diagnosis is difficult, the frequency is poorly known. The burden is huge for people suffering from this disorder but a management associating psychological and pharmacological approach could be very helpful. Classification, psychopathology, and physiopathology are still debating. New data from brain imaging could be very helpful. Psychological factors are known to modulate itch in all patients, but there is a specific diagnosis of psychogenic itch that must be proposed cautiously. Neurophysiological and psychological theories are not mutually exclusive and can be used to better understand this disorder. Itch can be mentally induced. Opioids and other neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and dopamine, are probably involved in this phenomenon.
Benefit-risk profile of cytoreductive drugs along with antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy after transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: De Stefano Valerio , Carobbio Alessandra , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Guglielmelli Paola , Iurlo Alessandra , Finazzi Maria Chiara , Rumi Elisa , Cervantes Francisco , Elli Elena Maria , Randi Maria Luigia , Griesshammer Martin , Palandri Francesca , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Hernandez-Boluda Juan-Carlos , Cacciola Rossella , Miroslava Palova , Carli Giuseppe , Beggiato Eloise , Ellis Martin H. , Musolino Caterina , Gaidano Gianluca , Rapezzi Davide , Tieghi Alessia , Lunghi Francesca , Loscocco Giuseppe Gaetano , Cattaneo Daniele , Cortelezzi Agostino , Betti Silvia , Rossi Elena , Finazzi Guido , Censori Bruno , Cazzola Mario , Bellini Marta , Arellano-Rodrigo Eduardo , Bertozzi Irene , Sadjadian Parvis , Vianelli Nicola , Scaffidi Luigi , Gomez Montse , Cacciola Emma , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe analyzed 597 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) who presented transient ischemic attacks (TIA, n = 270) or ischemic stroke (IS, n = 327). Treatment included aspirin, oral anticoagulants, and cytoreductive drugs. The composite incidence of recurrent TIA and IS, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cardiovascular (CV) death was 4.21 and 19.2%, respectively at one and five years after the index event, an estimate unexpectedly lower than reported in the general population. Patients tended to replicate the first clinical manifestation (hazard ratio, HR: 2.41 and 4.41 for recurrent TIA and IS, respectively); additional factors for recurrent TIA were previous TIA (HR: 3.40) and microvascular disturbances (HR: 2.30); for recurrent IS arterial hypertension (HR: 4.24) and IS occurrence after MPN diagnosis (HR: 4.47). CV mortality was predicted by age over 60 years (HR: 3.98), an index IS (HR: 3.61), and the occurrence of index events after MPN diagnosis (HR: 2.62). Cytoreductive therapy was a strong protective factor (HR: 0.24). The rate of major bleeding was similar to the general population (0.90 per 100 patient-years). In conclusion, the long-term clinical outcome after TIA and IS in MPN appears even more favorable than in the general population, suggesting an advantageous benefit-risk profile of antithrombotic and cytoreductive treatment.
Defining cure in multiple myeloma: a comparative study of outcomes of young individuals with myeloma and curable hematologic malignancies
Authors: Ravi Praful , Kumar Shaji K. , Cerhan James R. , Maurer Matthew J. , Dingli David , Ansell Stephen M. , Rajkumar S. Vincent 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAdvances in therapy in recent years have led investigators to challenge the dogma that multiple myeloma (MM) is incurable. We assessed overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of young patients ( ≤ 50 years) with MM and compared outcomes with follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). All patients ≤ 50 years with newly diagnosed MM (n = 212), FL (n = 168), DLBCL (n = 195), and HL (n = 233) between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2015 were included. Observed vs. expected survival was summarized by standardized mortality ratios (SMR). Compared to the background US population, excess mortality risk was seen at diagnosis in all four cancers, SMR 19.5 (15.2–24.5) in MM, 4.2 (2.3–7.2) in FL, 13.0 (9.2–18.4) in DLBCL, and 5.2 (2.6–9.3) in HL. We reasoned that cure would most likely occur in the first 3 years after diagnosis and be reflected by an overall survival probability similar to the background population. From the 36-month landmark, excess mortality risk was seen in MM (SMR 20.7 [14.7–28.3]) and FL (SMR 3.8 [1.5–7.8]), but not with DLBCL (SMR 3.1 [0.8–8.0]) or HL (SMR 0.9 [0.0–5.1]). MM patients have 20-fold excess mortality risk compared to the background population at diagnosis and at 3 years after diagnosis, suggesting that MM remains an incurable cancer.
Disruption of ER−mitochondria signalling in fronto-temporal dementia and related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Lau Dawn H. W. , Hartopp Naomi , Welsh Natalie J. , Mueller Sarah , Glennon Elizabeth B. , Mórotz Gábor M. , Annibali Ambra , Gomez-Suaga Patricia , Stoica Radu , Paillusson Sebastien , Miller Christopher C. J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are two related and incurable neurodegenerative diseases. Features of these diseases include pathological protein inclusions in affected neurons with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), dipeptide repeat proteins derived from the C9ORF72 gene, and fused in sarcoma (FUS) representing major constituent proteins in these inclusions. Mutations in C9ORF72 and the genes encoding TDP-43 and FUS cause familial forms of FTD/ALS which provides evidence to link the pathology and genetics of these diseases. A large number of seemingly disparate physiological functions are damaged in FTD/ALS. However, many of these damaged functions are regulated by signalling between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and this has stimulated investigations into the role of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria signalling in FTD/ALS disease processes. Here, we review progress on this topic.
Andean surface uplift constrained by radiogenic isotopes of arc lavas
Authors: Scott Erin M. , Allen Mark B. , Macpherson Colin G. , McCaffrey Ken J. W. , Davidson Jon P. , Saville Christopher , Ducea Mihai N. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClimate and tectonics have complex feedback systems which are difficult to resolve and remain controversial. Here we propose a new climate-independent approach to constrain regional Andean surface uplift. 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios of Quaternary frontal-arc lavas from the Andean Plateau are distinctly crustal (>0.705 and <0.5125, respectively) compared to non-plateau arc lavas, which we identify as a plateau discriminant. Strong linear correlations exist between smoothed elevation and 87Sr/86Sr (R2 = 0.858, n = 17) and 143Nd/144Nd (R2 = 0.919, n = 16) ratios of non-plateau arc lavas. These relationships are used to constrain 200 Myr of surface uplift history for the Western Cordillera (present elevation 4200 ± 516 m). Between 16 and 26°S, Miocene to recent arc lavas have comparable isotopic signatures, which we infer indicates that current elevations were attained in the Western Cordillera from 23 Ma. From 23–10 Ma, surface uplift gradually propagated southwards by ~400 km.
ARMMs as a versatile platform for intracellular delivery of macromolecules
Authors: Wang Qiyu , Yu Jiujiu , Kadungure Tatenda , Beyene Joseph , Zhang Hong , Lu Quan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMajority of disease-modifying therapeutic targets are restricted to the intracellular space and are therefore not druggable using existing biologic modalities. The ability to efficiently deliver macromolecules inside target cells or tissues would greatly expand the current landscape of therapeutic targets for future generations of biologic drugs, but remains challenging. Here we report the use of extracellular vesicles, known as arrestin domain containing protein 1 [ARRDC1]-mediated microvesicles (ARMMs), for packaging and intracellular delivery of a myriad of macromolecules, including the tumor suppressor p53 protein, RNAs, and the genome-editing CRISPR-Cas9/guide RNA complex. We demonstrate selective recruitment of these macromolecules into ARMMs. When delivered intracellularly via ARMMs, these macromolecules are biologically active in recipient cells. P53 delivered via ARMMs induces DNA damage-dependent apoptosis in multiple tissues in mice. Together, our results provide proof-of-principle demonstration that ARMMs represent a highly versatile platform for packaging and intracellular delivery of therapeutic macromolecules.
Author Correction: Long-range Stripe Nanodomains in Epitaxial (110) BiFeO3 Thin Films on (100) NdGaO3 Substrate
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Agarwal Radhe , Phatak Charudatta , Kim Bumsoo , Jeon Seokwoo , Katiyar Ram S. , Hong Seungbum 
Published: February 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Giant pandas can discriminate the emotions of human facial pictures
Authors: Li Youxu , Dai Qiang , Hou Rong , Zhang Zhihe , Chen Peng , Xue Rui , Feng Feifei , Chen Chao , Liu Jiabin , Gu Xiaodong , Zhang Zejun , Qi Dunwu 
Published: February 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
The influence of caging, bedding, and diet on the composition of the microbiota in different regions of the mouse gut
Authors: Ericsson Aaron C. , Gagliardi Jonalyn , Bouhan Delia , Spollen William G. , Givan Scott A. , Franklin Craig L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCountless studies have identified differences between the gut microbiota of humans affected with myriad conditions and healthy individuals, and animal models are commonly used to determine whether those differences are causative or correlative. Recently, concerns have arisen regarding the reproducibility of animal models between institutions and across time. To determine the influence of three common husbandry-associated factors that vary between institutions, groups of weanling mice were placed in either static or ventilated microisolator caging, with either aspen or paperchip bedding, and with one of three commonly used rodent chows, in a fully crossed study design. After thirteen weeks, samples were collected from multiple regions of the gastrointestinal tract and characterized using culture-independent sequencing methods. Results demonstrated that seemingly benign husbandry factors can interact to induce profound changes in the composition of the microbiota present in certain regions of the gut, most notably the cecum, and that those changes are muted during colonic transit. These findings indicate that differences in factors such as caging and bedding can interact to modulate the gut microbiota that in turn may affect reproducibility of some animal models, and that cecal samples might be optimal when screening environmental effects on the gut microbiota.