bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, and Antioxidant Activities of Mulberry Lees Fermented Products in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Hwang JeanYu , Shieh Den‐En , Shyu Yung‐Shin , Hsu Cheng‐Kuang , Lin Chuan‐wang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMulberry lees are the sediment in the bottom of the barrel, which can be obtained from the processing of mulberry wine, and they are considered as low‐value byproducts. In this study, mulberry lees were extracted with ethanol, and then fermented with Monascus pilosus to obtain fermented products (M × M). Male ICR mice were diabetes induced by STZ, and then oral administration of fermented products. The results showed that fermented products could reduce 31.9% to 47.9% plasma glucose, 25.8% to 48.2% total cholesterol, and 16.7% to 25% triglyceride levels in diabetic mice, and it can greatly lower the malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 26.4% to 59.7% but raise antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver of the mice. Moreover, fermented products not only could reduce AST and ALT activity of the diabetic mice, thereby alleviating liver inflammation, but also lowered the urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, improved glomerulus volume, and reduced swelling and inflammation in the kidneys. It was concluded that mulberry lees fermented products could be served as a value‐added resource for human health.
Value of the preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor for long‐term survival in postoperative esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Xu Guang‐wen , Wu Han‐ran , Xiong Ran , Li Cai‐wei , Liu Chang‐qing , Xu Mei‐qing , Xie Ming‐ran 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThis study investigated the relationship between the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with postoperative esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsThe preoperative NLR was evaluated in 419 patients who underwent esophagectomy for ESCC. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to verify the accuracy of the NLR for predicting survival. Correlation between the NLR and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed using the χ2 test. Prognostic influence was calculated by using the Kaplan–Meier method and the difference was assessed by log‐rank test. Multivariate Cox regression models were applied to evaluate the independent prognostic value.ResultsThe cutoff value of the NLR was 2.998, the area under the curve was 0.735, and the sensitivity and specificity were 69.3% and 69.3%, respectively. Tumor length (P = 0.0317), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0352), pathological tumor node metastasis (pTNM) stage (P = 0.0271), and postoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.0385) were significantly different between the groups. Multivariate analysis showed that pTNM stage (P = 0.0098), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), and NLR (P = 0.0022) were independent prognostic factors for survival. Moreover, when patients were stratified by TNM stage, the adverse effects of preoperative NLR on cancer‐specific survival were greater in patients with stage II and III ESCC and in patients with lymph node metastasis.ConclusionsThe preoperative NLR is significantly correlated with long‐term prognosis in postoperative patients with ESCC, particularly in patients with lymph node metastasis and stage II and III ESCC.
New Perspectives in Internal Audit Research: A Structured Literature Review
Authors: Roussy Mélanie , Perron Alexandre 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis structured literature review adopts a multimethod and multitheoretical approach to identify current knowledge about internal audit as well as related knowledge gaps. To that end, it provides an overview of post‐Sarbanes‐Oxley Act literature, organizing it under three themes: the multiple roles of internal audit, internal audit quality (IAQ), and the practice of internal audit. Despite the volume of literature published during the period covered by this review (2005 to mid‐2017), the first two themes are still in development, while the third is emergent. We suggest research avenues to fill the following main gaps: (i) Given differing opinions about the expected or actual roles of internal audit, prior literature infers that the internal audit function has become the “jack of all trades” of governance, but does not clearly capture its actual roles. (ii) The viewpoint of external auditors has dominated IAQ research, leading to a misunderstanding of how actors with greater stakes in the practice of internal audit conceptualize and evaluate IAQ. (iii) Knowledge of the actual practice of internal audit and its accountability and ethical issues is fragmentary, therefore the literature's current picture of internal audit is far from comprehensive.
External Auditors' Judgment and Decision Making: An Audit Process Task Analysis
Authors: Mactavish Carolyn , McCracken Susan , Schmidt Regan N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis manuscript reviews the external auditor judgment and decision making (JDM) literature from the past decade by specific tasks in the auditing process. Decomposing the literature review by audit task was chosen to enable audit and behavioral researchers and graduate students to identify the trends of JDM research subsequent to Nelson and Tan's () literature review. In addition to identifying gaps/omissions in the current literature, suggestions for future research are also advanced based on forthcoming transformations in the auditing institutional environment.
Grassroots Intervention to Increase Appointment of Pediatric Emergency Care Coordinators in Massachusetts Emergency Departments
Authors: Camargo Carlos A. , Boggs Krislyn M. , Sullivan Ashley F. , Gutierrez Camilo E. , Petrack Emory M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesAppointment of a pediatric emergency care coordinator (PECC) is considered the single best intervention to improve pediatric emergency care and has been recommended for all U.S. general emergency departments (EDs) for more than a decade. Unfortunately, many EDs do not adhere with this recommendation. In 2017, we performed a grassroots intervention to establish a PECC in every Massachusetts ED.MethodsWe conducted annual surveys of all 73 Massachusetts EDs from 2014 to 2018. Data collection included ED visit volumes, presence of a pediatric area, and PECC status. The intervention in 2017–2018 included e‐mails and telephone calls to every ED director to not only assess PECC status but also encourage him/her to appoint one as needed.ResultsSurvey response rates were > 85% in all years and 100% during 2016 to 2018. While Massachusetts EDs did not materially change over time (in terms of visit volumes or presence of a pediatric area), the 2017 intervention increased the percentage of EDs with an appointed PECC. Specifically, PECCs were present in approximately 30% of EDs during 2014 to 2016, climbed to 85% in 2017, and reached 100% in 2018. Most of the newly appointed PECCs were physicians.ConclusionsThrough a relatively simple grassroots intervention, we increased the appointment of PECCs in Massachusetts EDs from 30% to 100%. In addition to providing PECCs with online educational materials, ongoing work is focused on building community, identifying best practices, and implementing interventions at the local level.
Long‐term Mortality in Pediatric Firearm Assault Survivors: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Shaahinfar Ashkon , Yen Irene H. , Alter Harrison J. , Gildengorin Ginny , Pan Sun‐Ming J. , Betts James M. , Fahimi Jahan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to determine whether children surviving to hospital discharge after firearm assault (FA) and nonfirearm assault (NFA) are at increased risk of mortality relative to survivors of unintentional trauma (UT). Secondarily, the objective was to elucidate the factors associated with long‐term mortality after pediatric trauma.MethodsThis was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients aged 0 to 16 years who presented to the three trauma centers in San Francisco and Alameda counties, California, between January 2000 and December 2009 after 1) FA, 2) NFA, and 3) UT. The Social Security Death Master File and the California Department of Public Health Vital Statistics (2000–2014) were queried through December 31, 2014, to identify those who died after surviving their initial hospitalization and to delineate cause of death. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to determine associations between exposure to assault and long‐term mortality.ResultsWe analyzed 413 FA, 405 NFA, and 7,062 UT patients who survived their index hospital visit. A total of 75 deaths occurred, including 3.9, 3.2, and 0.7% of each cohort, respectively. Two‐thirds of all long‐term deaths were due to homicide. After multivariate adjustment, adolescent age, male sex, black race/ethnicity, and public insurance were independent risk factors for long‐term mortality. FA (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82–4.0) and NFA (AHR = 1.9, 95% CI = 0.93–3.9) did not convey a statistically significant difference in risk of long‐term mortality compared to UT. Being assaulted by any means (with or without a firearm), however, was an independent risk factor for long‐term mortality in the full study population (AHR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.01–3.4) and among adolescents (AHR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.01–3.6).ConclusionChildren and adolescents who survive assault, including by firearm, have increased long‐term mortality compared to those who survive unintentional, nonviolent trauma.
Establishing the Key Outcomes for Pediatric Emergency Medical Services Research
Authors:   Members of the SAEM Consensus Conference Emergency Medical Services Subcommittee, Adelgais Kathleen M. , Hansen Matthew , Lerner E. Brooke , Donofrio J. Joelle , Yadav Kabir , Brown Kathleen , Liu Yiju T. , Denslow Paula , Denninghoff Kurt , Ishimine Paul , Olson Lenora M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe evidence supporting best practices when treating children in the prehospital setting or even the effect emergency medical services (EMS) has on patient outcomes is limited. Standardizing the critical outcomes for EMS research will allow for focused and comparable effort among the small but growing group of pediatric EMS investigators on specific topics. Standardized outcomes will also provide the opportunity to collectively advance the science of EMS for children and demonstrate the effect of EMS on patient outcomes.This article describes a consensus process among stakeholders in the pediatric emergency medicine and EMS community that identified the critical outcomes for EMS care in five clinical areas (traumatic brain injury, general injury, respiratory disease/failure, sepsis, and seizures). These areas were selected based on both their known public health importance and their commonality in EMS encounters. Key research outcomes identified by participating stakeholders using a modified nominal group technique for consensus building, which included small group brainstorming and independent voting for ranking outcomes that were feasible and/or important for the field.
FAANG, establishing metadata standards, validation and best practices for the farmed and companion animal community
Authors: Harrison P. W. , Fan J. , Richardson D. , Clarke L. , Zerbino D. , Cochrane G. , Archibald A. L. , Schmidt C. J. , Flicek P. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe Functional Annotation of ANimal Genomes (FAANG) project aims, through a coordinated international effort, to provide high quality functional annotation of animal genomes with an initial focus on farmed and companion animals. A key goal of the initiative is to ensure high quality and rich supporting metadata to describe the project's animals, specimens, cell cultures and experimental assays. By defining rich sample and experimental metadata standards and promoting best practices in data descriptions, deposition and openness, FAANG champions higher quality and reusability of published datasets. FAANG has established a Data Coordination Centre, which sits at the heart of the Metadata and Data Sharing Committee. It continues to evolve the metadata standards, support submissions and, crucially, create powerful and accessible tools to support deposition and validation of metadata. FAANG conforms to the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data principles, with high quality, open access and functionally interlinked data. In addition to data generated by FAANG members and specific FAANG projects, existing datasets that meet the main—or more permissive legacy—standards are incorporated into a central, focused, functional data resource portal for the entire farmed and companion animal community. Through clear and effective metadata standards, validation and conversion software, combined with promotion of best practices in metadata implementation, FAANG aims to maximise effectiveness and inter‐comparability of assay data. This supports the community to create a rich genome‐to‐phenotype resource and promotes continuing improvements in animal data standards as a whole.
Contractual dependencies:
Authors: DEVLIEGER CLARA 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTOne of the most conspicuous livelihood strategies for physically disabled people in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, is a particular style of begging known locally as “doing documents.” Confronted with the stigma of begging, disabled beggars create documents in an attempt to legitimize and regulate begging through formalization and bureaucracy, presenting their relationship with donors as NGO fund‐raising and government tax‐collecting. The dynamics of petitioning for these “contractual dependencies” provide a nuanced perspective on desired dependencies: dependencies can be presented in multiple ways, and people consider some dependencies more legitimate and valuable than others. Recipients are not passive but play a defining role in shaping these relationships, seeking a balance between proximity and desired distance to patrons. [dependence,disability,distribution,bureaucracy,begging,temporality,Democratic Republic of Congo]
Upper limb disorders in anaesthetists – a survey of Association of Anaesthetists members
Authors: Leifer S. , Choi S. W. , Asanati K. , Yentis S. M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryUpper limb disorders (affecting the hand, arm and neck) are common. The nature of anaesthetists’ work poses a potential extra risk from poor posture that may contribute to the development of upper limb disorders in this professional group. However, to date, the problem has received scant attention in the literature. Following a 2 to 3‐month period of publicity via newsletter, email and social media, all 10,231 electronically accessible members of the Association of Anaesthetists were invited by email to complete an online survey that was administered by a third‐party company. A total of 3884 usable responses were received (38%). Analysis of possible risk factors found a significant association between upper limb disorders and years since starting anaesthetic training, having children (irrespective of respondents’ sex or the number of children) and right‐handedness. Years of practice and having children are less modifiable identified risk factors. However, right‐handedness may be linked to the ergonomic design of the environment/equipment used within this specialty and may thus be a potentially modifiable risk factor worthy of further investigation.
Application of polycaprolactone, chitosan, and collagen composite as a nanofibrous mat loaded with silver sulfadiazine and growth factors for wound dressing
Authors: Nejaddehbashi Fereshte , Hashemitabar Mahmoud , Bayati Vahid , Abbaspour Mohammadreza , Moghimipour Eskandar , Orazizadeh Mahmoud 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFabrication of nanofibrous biomaterials composed of natural and synthetic materials that incorporated with antibiotic and growth factors with controlled release manner is an attractive topic in wound healing. The purpose of this study was to prepare optimal composite of materials as biomimetic nanofibrous mats for application in wound healing. The mat was prepared of polycaprolactone (PCL) in the bottom, chitosan/poly ethylene oxide (Cs/PEO) in the middle, and PCL/collagen (PCL/Coll) in the top layer. A panel of standard characterization tests of nanofibrous mat was performed and its compatibilities in strength and integration were confirmed. Middle layer was loaded with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and silver sulfadiazine (SSD) was incorporated in the bottom layer as an anti‐infection factor. Then, on the dorsum of rats, a 400‐mm2 wound was created and surrounded by a silicone ring to control the usual tissue contractions. Nanofibrous mats with or without growth factors were applied as wound dressings and at day 14, the healing process was evaluated. At day 14, the treated group by designed mat showed faster epithelialization and angiogenesis. Silicone ring in the test group was desirable in wound closure compared to the control group. Reformation of skin tissue was manifested in a shorter time. This composite nanofibrous mat could be introduced as a dynamic and effective candidate for wound dressing.
Tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline inhibits autophagic flux and prevents tube formation in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Guan Yinglu , Li Xiang , Umetani Michihisa , Boini Krishna M. , Li Pin‐Lan , Zhang Yang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAmitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant and an inhibitor of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). Amitriptyline is well known for its cardiovascular side effects and toxicity in psychiatric patients. However, the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular side effects of amitriptyline remain largely undefined. This study aimed to determine the effects of amitriptyline on angiogenic capability of vascular endothelial cells in physiological settings and identify its mechanism of action. The ex vivo aortic ring angiogenesis and in vitro‐cultured endothelial cell tube formation assay were used to assess the effects of amitriptyline on endothelial angiogenic capability. It was demonstrated that amitriptyline impaired the angiogenesis of aortic rings, which was similar to that found in aortic rings with haploinsufficiency of the ASM gene. In cultured mouse microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs), amitriptyline impaired the proliferation and tube formation under basal condition, which were accompanied by attenuated angiogenic signalling pathways such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Akt and Erk1/2 pathways. Mechanistically, amitriptyline inhibited autophagic flux without affecting autophagosome biogenesis at basal condition. ASM gene silencing or autophagy inhibition mimics the inhibitory effects of amitriptyline on endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation. Collectively, our data suggest that amitriptyline inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis via blockade of ASM‐autophagic flux axis. It is implicated that the cardiovascular side effects of amitriptyline may be associated with its inhibitory action on physiological angiogenesis.
Understanding the direct and indirect costs of a first episode of psychosis program: Insights from PAFIP of Cantabria, Spain, during the first year of intervention
Authors: Mayoral‐van Son Jacqueline , Juncal‐Ruiz María , Ortiz‐García de la Foz Víctor , Cantarero‐Prieto David , Blázquez‐Fernández Carla , Paz‐Zulueta María , Paras‐Bravo Paula , Ayuso‐Mateos José L. , Crespo‐Facorro Benedicto 
Published: October 2018

AimEarly intervention psychiatric services for patients with psychosis aim to limit the most damaging outcomes and reduce the patient's risk of social drift, decreasing illness severity and thus containing healthcare costs. There is a scarcity of studies that focus on first‐episode psychosis (FEP), and those few that have been published only looked at direct health costs, but not at indirect costs, which make up the bulk of the budget.Our study aims to explore the short‐term (1‐year follow‐up) economic cost of a FEP Program, including both direct and indirect costs.MethodsData were collected retrospectively from the clinical records of 157 patients included in the Programa Atención Fases Iniciales de Psicosis, from Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander. Our data collection sheet collated data from direct and indirect costs associated with the illness. Data were also extracted from the Cantabria Health Service Records. STATA 15.0 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsOn average, the total costs during the first year were €48 353.51 per patient, with direct healthcare costs being €13 729.47 (28.39%), direct non‐medical costs €108.6 (0.22%), and indirect costs €34 515.44 (71.39%). We found that hospitalization costs were higher in males (p = 0.081) and in cannabis users (p = 0.032). The number of relapses increased both, hospitalization and treatment costs (r = 0.40 p = 0.000; r = 0.24 p = 0.067, respectively).ConclusionsIntensive Early Intervention in Psychosis Services may result in cost savings by decreasing hospitalization, premature mortality, disability, unemployment, and legal problems; however, the first year after diagnosis would represent the one with the highest costs.
Structural analysis of impact of physical, cognitive and social status on the incidence of disability in community‐dwelling people aged ≥75 years
Authors: Makino Keitaro , Ihira Hikaru , Mizumoto Atsushi , Shimizu Kotaro , Ishida Toyoaki , Yamaguchi Ryo , Kihara Yuriko , Ito Kazunari , Sasaki Takeshi , Furuna Taketo 
Published: October 2018

AimThe present study aimed to propose a structural model to explain the interaction of physical, cognitive and social domains of health status in the incidence of disability in community‐dwelling people aged ≥75 years.MethodsWe analyzed 185 older adults (mean age 79.4 years, 58.4% female) who participated in a baseline assessment from 2012 to 2013. They were followed for incident certification of care needs in the national long‐term care insurance certification system during the 2 years. Baseline assessments included several measurements related to the physical, cognitive and social domains of health status. We compared the model fit index between two hypothesis models – the parallel model and the hierarchical model – using structural equation modeling.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, 15 participants (8.1%) were newly certified as requiring personal support from the long‐term care insurance system. The structural equation modeling showed that the hierarchical model, indicating that cognitive and social status were indirectly associated with disability through physical status, had a better fit with the data than the parallel model, indicating that physical, cognitive and social status each were directly associated with disability.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that cognitive and social status might indirectly affect disability incidence through physical aging. Further research is required to examine the temporal relationship between physical, cognitive and social change using data over several time‐periods. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1614–1619.