bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pissing On the Past: The Highland Clearances, Effigial Resistance and the Everyday Politics of the Urinal
Authors: Saunders Robert A. , Crilley Rhys 
Published: April 2019

When and where one can urinate is increasingly politicised around the globe. As an example of bio-political power, the provision, regulation and access to public toilets reflects larger structures in any given society. However, there is another side to micturition, that is the use of urine as a manifestation of bodily power over another/others. This article analyses the politics of the urinal through a close reading of the men’s toilet in The Lismore pub in Partick, Scotland, thus bringing together these two threads via the concept of everyday effigial resistance. In our interrogation of a politicised urinal that asks users to ‘piss’ on historical figures associated with the Highland Clearances, we aim to push International Relations to follow Enloe’s call for the study of ‘mundane practices… and the most intimate spaces’ by considering the most banal aspects of the human condition as part of its remit. Our case study serves as an explicit political intervention, one which through its geographic and geopolitical scales makes an argument for engaging with the mundane, vernacular and vulgar in everyday IR. Pisser sur le passé : les dédouanements des hautes terres, la résistance à l’effigie et la politique quotidienne de l’urinoir
An empirical investigation into the role of values in occupational therapy decision-making
Authors: Thomas Yvonne , Seedhouse David , Peutherer Vanessa , Loughlin Michael 
Published: April 2019

Introduction The importance of values in occupational therapy is generally agreed; however, there is no consensus about their nature or their influence on practice. It is widely assumed that occupational therapists hold and act on a body of shared values, yet there is a lack of evidence to support this. Method The research tested the hypothesis that occupational therapists’ responses to ethically challenging situations would reveal common values specific to the occupational therapy profession. A total of 156 occupational therapists were asked to decide what should be done in five common-place yet ethically complex situations, presented as scenarios for debate. Results The results show that while most occupational therapists share very general values, they frequently disagree about what to do in practice situations, often justifying their choices with different and sometimes conflicting specific values. In some cases, the same respondents espouse contradictory values in similar situations. Conclusion The extensive literature about decision-making – together with the study’s results – confirm that when occupational therapists make decisions, they draw on multiple factors, consciously and unconsciously. These factors vary between individuals. Value judgements are one part only of a complex process which includes personal experience, intuition, social influences, culture, psychological influences and relationships with both colleagues and clients.
The Intermediary Role of Burnout in the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Job Satisfaction Among Nurses
Authors: Vaillancourt Elise S. , Wasylkiw Louise 
Published: April 2019

Background Self-compassion is the process of treating oneself kindly especially when suffering. Self-compassion is associated with decreased symptoms of burnout in nurses such that those high in self-compassion are less likely to report emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among self-compassion, burnout, job satisfaction, and sleep quality. Method and Participants: Recruited from MTurk, a final sample of 158 nurses living in the United States (57.6% female) completed indices of self-compassion, burnout, and outcomes of satisfaction and sleep via an online survey. Results Self-compassion was positively associated with satisfaction and sleep quality and negatively associated with burnout. In addition, increased burnout was associated with lower satisfaction and poorer sleep quality. Mediational models suggested that the relationships between self-compassion and outcomes were accounted for by the shared variance between self-compassion and burnout. Conclusions The results showed the predicted associations among self-compassion, burnout, and outcomes. Importantly, self-compassion was associated with lower burnout that, in turn, was associated with higher job satisfaction and better sleep. Despite the limitations of the study, these results add to the growing literature on the benefits of self-compassion for nurses for preventing and/or ameliorating symptoms of burnout.
The Game Between Game Theory and Gaming Simulations: Design Choices
Authors: Roungas Bill , Bekius Femke , Meijer Sebastiaan 
Published: April 2019

Background. The abstraction of complex systems, which is required by default when modelling gaming simulations, is a convoluted and time-consuming process. For gaming simulations to be efficient and effective, the problem of the real system they imitate needs to be narrowed down and simplified as much as possible. Additionally, even after abstraction of the real system, multiple design decisions need to be made and these may differ depending on the gaming simulation. Aim. This article proposes a framework for formalizing, and consequently standardizing, expediting and simplifying, the modelling of gaming simulations. Method. The proposed framework applies game concepts pertaining to game theory in the abstraction of the real system and the game design decisions. Results. Application of the framework in three case studies reveals several advantages of incorporating game theory into game design, such as formally defining the game design elements and identifying the worst-case scenarios in the real-systems, to name but two. Conclusions. Given the framework’s advantages in general, and the game design recommendations it offers in particular, it is safe to conclude that, for the cases presented in this article, the framework make positive contributions towards the development of gaming simulations.
Nursing Students’ Perceptions Using an Interactive Digital Simulation Table: A Usability Study
Authors: Verkuyl Margaret , Betts Lorraine , Sivaramalingam Suba 
Published: April 2019

Background. There is a need to enhance simulation activities in nursing education to prepare students for clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to assess ease of use and usefulness in a newly developed interactive digital simulation table to promote technology uptake before the table was embedded in nursing curriculum. Methods. A usability study including survey and interviews was conducted to test the interactive digital simulation table with nursing students. The scenario used in this study provided students with practice in decision- making when caring for a client with asthma/chronic obstructive lung disease. Results. Participants found the interactive digital simulation table easy to use and felt it would be useful for nursing education as it provided an experience similar to real clinical practice. Conclusion. There is evidence to support including the interactive digital simulation table as part of a suite of simulations offered to nursing students.
Reconstructing the life-cycle of a mixed language: An exploration of Ecuadoran Media Lengua
Authors: Lipski John M 
Published: April 2019

Aims and objectives: This study explores the assertion that bilingual mixed languages are only diachronically stable if they are not spoken together with both of the contributing source languages. Ecuadoran Media Lengua, which combines all-Quichua morphosyntax with nearly all lexical roots replaced by Spanish-derived forms, coexists in three communities with both Spanish and Quichua, having arrived in each community in successive generations. Methodology and design: Trilingual speakers (Quichua, Media Lengua, Spanish) participated in four interactive tasks: speeded translation, speeded acceptability judgments, language classification, and lexical decision. Data and analysis: For each task, the calculated rate of separation of Quichua and Media Lengua was the response variable for a series of linear mixed-effects models, with community (and when appropriate, age group) as a fixed effect. Findings/conclusions: The results suggest that a mixed language spoken together with the languages that supplied both the lexical roots and the morphosyntax can maintain its integrity for a generation or two, but the perceptual boundaries circumscribing the mixed language eventually become more permeable. They point to a significant correlation between the chronology of language contacts and the perceptual stability of Media Lengua, which is greatest when the only competing language is Quichua, somewhat less when Spanish is acquired later as the second language, and lowest when Spanish is one of the early acquired or native languages alongside Quichua. Originality: This is the first attempt to test the putative diachronic stability of a mixed language by means of synchronic experimental data.
Psychometric evaluation of the Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale in a European heart failure population
Authors: Pucciarelli Gianluca , Greco Andrea , Paturzo Marco , Jurgens Corrine Y , Durante Angela , Alvaro Rosaria , Vellone Ercole 
Published: April 2019

Background:The Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale (HFSPS) is a four-factor instrument used to assess how bothersome are 18 physical signs and symptoms of heart failure. To date, construct validity and reliability of the HFSPS have been evaluated in only one American study and never in a European population.Aim:To evaluate psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the HFSPS in a European heart failure population.Methods:This was an Italian multicentre study in which the HFSPS factorial structure was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Criterion related validity of the HFSPS was evaluated by correlating its factor scores with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) scores using Pearson’s r. The HFSPS internal consistency reliability was evaluated using the factor score determinacy coefficient, Cronbach’s α and model-based internal consistency index.Results:Most of the participants ( n=321) were male (56.6%), with a mean age of 71.48 years (SD, 12.75) and in New York Heart Association class II (61.8%). The confirmatory factor analysis, testing the original HFSPS four-factor structure (dyspnoea, chest discomfort, early and subtle, and oedema), resulted in the following supportive fit indices: χ2(126, N=321)=337.612, p<0.001, comparative fit index =0.920, Tucker–Lewis index =0.903, root mean square error of approximation =0.072 and standardized root mean square residual =0.045. With regard to the criterion related validity, all the correlations with the KCCQ were statistically significant. The HFSPS reliability resulted in factor score determinacy coefficients ⩾ 0.87 and Cronbach’s α ⩾ 0.75, with the exception of the two-item chest discomfort subscale; the model-based reliability coefficient was 0.914.Conclusion:The validity and reliability of the HFSPS were supportive in this European sample. The HFSPS can be used to assess how bothersome heart failure signs and symptoms are in order to improve their management.
Effect of Irbesartan on AGEs-RAGE and MMPs systems in rat type 2 diabetes myocardial-fibrosis model
Authors: Hongwei Ye , Ruiping Cao , Yingyan Fang , Guanjun Zhang , Jie Hu , Xingyu Liu , Jie Tang , Zhenghong Li , Qin Gao , Junfeng Hu , Heng Zhang 
Published: April 2019

To investigate the effect of Irbesartan on the changes of myocardial advanced glycation end products and their receptor (AGEs-RAGE), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) systems in rat type 2 diabetes myocardial fibrosis model. All male Sprague-Dwaley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (CON), high glucose and high-caloric diet (HC), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and Irbesartan + T2DM (Ir+T2DM) groups. At 12th week, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting serum insulin (FINS) levels, insulin resistance index (IRI), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), body weight (BW), the ratio of heart weight/body weight (H/B), left ventricular weight index (LVWI), and cardiac col I, col III contents, plasma MMP-2, MMP-9 levels were evaluated. The protein expressions of col I, AGE, RAGE, MMP-2, MMP-14, and TIMP-2 were analyzed by Western blot. In the T2DM group, FBG, H/B, LVWI, IRI were increased ( P < 0.01), while FINS, BW, ISI were decreased in contrast to the CON and HC groups ( P < 0.05–0.01). In the Ir+ T2DM group, BW was higher, IRI, H/B, LVWI were lower than in the T2DM group. Compared with the CON and HC groups, the contents of col I and col III, the protein expressions of col I, AGE, RAGE, TIMP-2 and MMP-14 were increased, MMP-2 protein expression, the ratios of MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-14/TIMP-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels were decreased in the T2DM group ( P < 0.01). After Irbesartan treatment, all parameters were reversed. Irbesartan can ameliorate myocardial fibrosis in type 2 diabetes rat model, the likely mechanisms may be related to the down-regulation of AGEs-RAGE system and changes of MMPs pathway. Impact statement There are about 425 million diabetes patients (20–79 years) in the world according to the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas – 8th Edition. The cardiovascular complication is one of the major causes of death in diabetes patients. Myocardial fibrosis is one of the serious pathological changes, so investigating the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis has the significant value. Our study aims to investigate the effect of Irbesartan (the angiotensin II receptor antagonist) on the changes of AGE-RAGE system and MMP family components, and analyzes the potential mechanisms in type 2 diabetes-induced myocardial fibrosis. Our results provide the theoretical base for better understanding the pathogenesis in type 2 diabetes-induced myocardial complication. It is useful for clinicians to select the effective therapeutic measures for treatment of type 2 diabetes-induced organ fibrosis.
Comparison of postoperative results between carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting for patients with contralateral carotid artery occlusion: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xin Wen-Qiang , Zhao Yan , Ma Tie-Zhu , Gao Yi-Kuan , Wang Wei-Han , Wang Hong-Yu , Yang Xin-Yu 
Published: April 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to systematically compare the safety and efficacy of carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting in contralateral carotid occlusion patients who needed reperfusion. Methods This study retrieved potential academic articles comparing results between carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting for patients with contralateral carotid occlusion from the MEDLINE database, the PubMed database the EMBASE database, and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 to May 2018. The reference articles for the identified studies were carefully reviewed to ensure that all available documents were represented in the study. Results Four retrospective cohort study involving 6252 patients with contralateral carotid occlusion were included in our meta-analysis. During 30-day follow-up, there is significant difference in post-procedure mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.476, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.306–0.740), P = 0.001); no significant differences are not found in post-procedure stroke (risk difference (RD) = 0.002, 95%CI (–0.007 to 0.011); P = 0.631), myocardial infarction (RD = 0.003, 95%CI (–0.002 to 0.008); P = 0.301), and transient cerebral ischemia (RD = 1.059, 95%CI (–0.188 to 5.964); P = 0.948). Conclusions Carotid endarterectomy was associated with a lower incidence of mortality compared to carotid artery stenting for patients with contralateral carotid occlusion. Regarding stroke, myocardial infarction, and transient ischemic attack, there was no significant difference between the two groups. More randomized controlled trials and prospective cohorts are necessary to help further clarify the ideal approach for these patients.
The impact of maternal anemia and labor on the obstetric Shock Index in women in a developing country
Authors: Rojas-Suarez José , Paternina-Caicedo Ángel , Tolosa Jorge E , Guzmán-Polanía Leidy , Gonzalez Nataly , Pomares Fredy , Maza Augusto , Miranda Jezid 
Published: April 2019

Background The Shock Index is a clinical tool to evaluate the hemodynamic status during hemorrhage. The impact of labor and pre-existing anaemia is unknown. The objective was to describe and discuss its clinical utility in this context. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study. The Shock Index (ratio between heart rate and systolic blood pressure) was measured in pregnant women at term, before or during labor. They were stratified according to the presence of anemia. Results The median Shock Index was significantly lower in women in labor than in those not in labor (0.72 (IQR: 0.64–0.83) vs. 0.85 (IQR: 0.80–0.94); p < 0.001). In women in labor, the Shock Index was not significantly different if anemia was present (0.72 (0.63–0.83) vs. 0.73 (0.65–0.82); p = 0.67). Conclusions Values of the Shock Index are affected by labor, which may hinder its utility in identifying hemorrhage during this period. However, the values were not altered by maternal anaemia. Therefore, an abnormal postpartum Shock Index should not be attributed to an abnormal antepartum Shock Index due to mild/moderate anemia.
Key concepts in children's footwear research: a scoping review focusing on therapeutic footwear
Authors: Hill Matthew , Healy Aoife , Chockalingam Nachiappan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundReports suggest that children with mobility impairment represent a significant proportion of the population living with a disability. Footwear is considered to be the key extrinsic factor affecting children's gait and footwear modifications have been historically postulated to assist with locomotory difficulty. Although therapeutic footwear has been considered within the literature, there is a lack of consistency on terminology and paucity on the overall understanding. A scoping review was performed to chart the key concepts in children's footwear and to establish the range of studies that considered therapeutic footwear.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, SPORTdiscus, and Scopus electronic databases was performed using MeSH headings and free text terms in relation to children's footwear. All studies that used footwear as an intervention in children aged 9 months to 18 years with the outcome measures including design, fit, and the effects on development and health were included. Studies were charted by textual narrative synthesis into research groupings dependent on the topics discussed and the methods used in the studies.ResultsThe search yielded a total of 5006 articles with 287 of these articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Two overarching areas of research were identified; articles that discussed footwear design and those that discussed the effects of footwear. Eight further general groupings were charted and apportioned between the overarching areas and therapeutic footwear was charted into three subgroupings (corrective, accommodative and functional).ConclusionChildren's footwear has become an increasing area of research in the past decade with a shift towards more empirical research, with most of the included articles examining biomechanical and anthropometric aspects. However, children's therapeutic footwear has not shared the same recent impetus with no focused review and limited research exploring its effects. Empirical research in this area is limited and there is ambiguity in the terminology used to describe therapeutic footwear. Based on the findings of this review the authors suggest the term children's therapeutic footwear be used as the standard definition for footwear that is designed specifically with the purpose to support or alleviate mobility impairment in childhood; with subgroupings of corrective, accommodative and functional dependent on the intended therapeutic role.
Engaging leadership training – fostering social interaction skills through e-learning and blended solutions
Authors: Lonka Kirsti , Ketonen Elina , Marttinen Kitte , Talvio Markus 
Published: April 2019

Töökohal õppimise soodustamiseks ja töötajate heaolu suurendamiseks katsetati ühes ettevõttes kaasava õpikeskkonna (ELE) mudelit. Uuringus osales 107 keskastmejuhti, kes jagati kolme rühma: e-õppe rühma (n = 42), võrdlusrühma (n = 42) ja ettevõtte moodustatud kaasava õpikeskkonna põimõppe rühma (n = 23), milles kasutati nii e-õpet kui ka kontaktõpet. Kõik rühmad osalesid eel- ja järeltestimises. Osalejate teadmisi hinnati 16 valikvastustega küsimuse põhjal ja teadmiste rakenda mise oskusi juhtumitel põhineva keeruliste suhtlusolukordadega toimetuleku meetodi abil. Kirjeldusi selle kohta, kuidas käituda juhtumina esitatud olukordades, analüüsiti sisuanalüüsi põhimõtetest lähtudes. Seda, kas osavõtjate teadmised ja oskused koolituse tulemusena muutusid ja kas kuulumine ühte või teise rühma avaldas muutustele mõju, hinnati kordusmõõtmiste üldistatud lineaarsete mudelitega. A nalüüsist ilmnes, et e-õppe rühma tulemused paranesid enam kui võrdlusrühma omad ning kaasava õpikeskkonna põimõppe rühma tulemused paranesid kõige rohkem. Seega on võimalik suhtlusoskusi veebi kaudu õppida.
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Book Reviews
Authors: Gottlob Anita , Kassa Bruktawit Ejigu 
Published: April 2019

Assembly, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri (2017) 1st ed., Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 368 pp., ISBN 978-0-19067-796-1, h/bk, $27.95
Women in European Holocaust Films: Perpetrators, Victims and Resisters, Ingrid Lewis (2017) 1st ed., London: Palgrave Macmillan, 278 pp., ISBN 978-3-31965-060-9, h/bk, $119.99