bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Variables are Predictive for Patient Survival after Surgery for Skeletal Metastasis. A Prediction Model Development and External Validation Study
Authors: Sørensen Michala Skovlund , Silvius Elizabeth C. , Khullar Saniya , Hindsø Klaus , Forsberg Jonathan A. , Petersen Michael Mørk 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Predicting survival for patients with metastatic bone disease in the extremities (MBDex) is important for ensuring the implant will outlive the patient. Hitherto, prediction models for these patients have been constructed using subjective assessments, mostly lacking biochemical variables.

Objectives:
To develop a prediction model for survival after surgery due to MBDex using biochemical variables and externally validate the model.

Methods:
We created Bayesian Belief Network models to estimate likelihood of survival 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery using 140 patients. We validated the models using the data of 130 other patients and calculated the area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve (ROC). Variables included: hemoglobin, neutrophil-count, C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, primary cancer, Karnofsky-score, ASA-score, visceral metastases, bone metastases, days from diagnose of primary cancer to index surgery for MBDex, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, fracture/impending-fracture and age.

Results:
Survival probabilities were influenced by all biochemical variables. Validation showed ROC for the 1, 3, 6, and 12-months model: 68% (C.I.: 55%-80%), 69% (C.I.: 60%-78%), 81% (C.I.: 74%-87%) and 84% (C.I.: 77%-90%).

Conclusion:
Biochemical markers can be incorporated into a prediction model for survival in patients having surgery for MBDex allowing surgeons to offer more objective and individualized treatment options.
Mo3S4 Nanorod: An Effective Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Organic Dyes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ntakadzeni Madima , Anku William Wilson , Govender Penny Poomani , Reddy Leelakrishna 
Published: November 2018

Background:
A molybdenum sulfide (Mo3S4) nanorod photocatalyst was
synthesised through the facile hydrothermal method and applied in the degradation of
Rhodamine B and Methyl Blue dyes under visible light irradiation.

Methods:
The Mo3s4 nanorod was synthesised using sodium molybdate, sodiumdiethyldithiolcarbonate
and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as molybdenum and sulfur sources,
and capping agent respectively. The photocatalyst was characterized by using XRD, FTIR,
TEM, SEM, EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopies.

Results:
SEM result shows that the synthesised sample has a rod-like shape made up of
several thin sheets. The XRD result revealed the Mo3S4 nanorod to exist in the
Rhombohedral phase. The energy band gap of the sample was calculated to be 2.02 eV. The
synthesised Mo3S4 nanorod showed great potential in the removal of both RhB and MB in
aqueous solution. 85.46% and 99.78% removals of RhB and MB dyes respectively were
achieved in 90 min.

Conclusion:
It was also observed that the photodegradation of both RhB and MB follows
pseudo-first order kinetics, with apparent rate constants of 0.0089 min-1 and 0.0118 min-1 for
RhB and MB respectively.
Explorações da noção de materialidade da comunicação
Authors: Pereira de Sá Simone 
Published: November 2018

O trabalho discute a especificidade da contribuição do circulo de Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht em Stanford, focando a proposta da teoria da materialidade da comunicação e sua contribuição sobre as novas tecnologias.
Do nosso ponto de vista, esta noção deve ser melhor discutida, considerando- se as contribuições de autores tais como Walter Benjamin e Marshall McLuhan, entre outros.
Os estudos de interface como espaço de construção do Campo da Comunicação
Authors: Braga José Luiz 
Published: November 2018

O artigo toma como ponto de partida a afirmação generalizadamente aceita de que a Comunicação é um campo em construção". Considera que a formação do campo depende mais do trabalho de investigação do que de
definições abstratas sobre qual seja o objeto do campo'.
Analisando a autoria dos amores narrados nas telenovelas
Authors: Souza Maria Carmem Jacob de 
Published: November 2018

Como tem sido narrado os ideais amorosos da atualidade, o amor erótico romântico, nas telenovelas brasileiras? O que a experiência da autoria nas telenovelas brasileiras podem ajudar a pensar estes modos de narrar o amor? Considerando o escopo deste artigo, examinamos Mulheres Apaixonadas (TV Globo, 21 horas, fevereiro/outubro de 2003, direção geral de Ricardo Waddington) escrita por Manoel Carlos, um dos casos exemplares da experiência de autoria na televisão brasileira que faz da temática amorosa um dos seus temas de reconhecimento e consagração no campo da
telenovela.
Soil – Plant Relations on Sandy Grassland in the Middle Vistula River Valley
Authors: Harasimiuk Andrzej , Cyrczak Magdalena 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The paper is on environmental condition of sandy grassland on alluvial deposits. The soil and phytosociological study ware conducted south of Warsaw in middle Vistula river valley. Listing of vascular plants and shallow soil sampling were made in order to answer the question of plant and soil relationship. Standard chemical determination directed on trophism were done in plant and soil material. The spatial distribution of chemical parameters of plants and soils is related to local microrelief and distance of Vistula river. The plants dominating the study prefer less fertile habitats. The soil is being enriched by water from the Vistula river. High carbon content is correlated with the presence of the Salix arenaria. The greater the share of vegetation not belonging to the grass family, the greater the carbon content. Potassium and phosphorus looks like to be the less plant-dependent elements. Its documents an initial stage of development of the Vistula river valley environment.
Orographic Barrier of the Great Himalayas
Authors: Zgorzelski Marek 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The entire geographical literature, starting with school textbooks, presents the Himalayas as a classical model of an impermeable orographic barrier, halting the masses of monsoon air and causing aridity of the Tibetan landscapes. Despite of that, however, the author, during his trips to Western and, particularly, to Central Tibet, organised exactly during the summer monsoon, always found the southern regions of these provinces flooded to a large extent with water. It is also puzzling that catastrophic floods occurring in China (connected with the high water in rivers originating in Tibet) are correlated in time with the period of the summer monsoon in the Himalayas.
Inferring Changes in Dynamic Groundwater Storage from Recession Curve Analysis of Discharge Data
Authors: Somorowska Urszula 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Groundwater storage is an important element of terrestrial water storage. It influences the baseflow component of the river discharge which constitutes the majority of the outflow of Polish rivers. An evaluation of changes in the dynamic groundwater storage from point measurements of groundwater levels is usually a difficult task as groundwater data are scarce in time and space. Alternative approach involves recession curve analysis of discharge data. This study describes an approach to estimate the long-term changes in dynamic groundwater storage from daily discharges on a basin scale. Recession curve analysis is applied for identification of groundwater system functioning through derivation of master recession curve. The Master Recession Curve Tool developed by Lamb is used for automate analysis. Then results are coupled with a concept of nonlinear reservoir expressing discharge-storage relationship. As a result the volume of the groundwater storage and its temporal changes are derived on a yearly base, as a difference between highest values of storage during spring season and lowest values appearing in late summer or early autumn. The results show high annual variability of dynamic groundwater storage. The approach is presented on the example of lowland basin situated in central Poland, on the Mazovian Lowland (N 52°14’ – N 52°14’ and E 11°10’ – E 11°10’).
Inertia of the Catchment Systems Within the Polish Lowlands
Authors: Pokojski Wojciech 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a method for assessing the hydrological inertia of the river catchment areas using the autocorrelation function. The method presented can be used as the criterion for the determination of the degree of hazard to the river basins from the potential hydrological droughts. The basins with high inertia are less susceptible to the shortages of supply and are less threatened by the occurrence of hydrological droughts.
The Development of the Utilisation of Water Power in Poland
Authors: Mikulski Zdzisław 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
First hydroelectric power stations in Poland were built in 19th century, mostly in the region of Podhale (Carpathian tributaries of the Vistula River) and in the Old Polish Industrial District (for the needs of the iron and steel industry) from the initiative of Stanisław Staszic. They were used in mills and saw mills, for home lighting in settlements, etc. After World War I two medium size hydroelectric power stations were constructed in Pomerania (Gródek and Żar) and the construction of a dam (at that time the largest in Europe) was started in Rożnów on the Dunajec River (50 MW); the hydroelectric power station was opened as late as 1941. A small growth in this field took place in the 1950s and 1960s, and in the late 1960s / early 1970s large hydroelectric power stations were built (Solina, Włocławek, Żydowo). The largest growth occurred in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the two giant peak-load, pumped-storage power stations were put into operation (Porąbka-Żar: 500 MW and Żarnowiec: 680 MW), reaching the total power of 2000 MW. The most recent two large installations are: Czorsztyn-Niedzica (92 MW, 1997) and the modernisation of Solina (200 MW, 2003).
The Problem of Cartographic Representation in Relation To the Polish Cultural Landscape
Authors: Opach Tomasz 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The problem of representing the Polish cultural landscape consists of two components. The first component is the choice of content. Wishing to define the breadth of the content of a cultural landscape map, one needs to remember that it is composed of two facets. The first facet, the material result of human activity, is easily discernable in the field and easily illustrated on a map. Elements included in this facet are: sacred and secular historical structures, the spatial layout of cities, archeological sites etc. The second facet of cultural landscape needs to be considered in immaterial terms. It is difficult to illustrate on a map, because its elements do not lend themselves to being topographically situated. One could mention, for example, religions, customs and traditions, a common historical past etc. Most often, one can only indirectly speculate about this facet of the cultural landscape, on the basis of the material characteristics of the cultural landscape.
The second problem related to presenting cultural landscape on a map is the choice of graphic form for the map. The problem is to a large extent tied to difficulties stemming from the necessity of maintaining semantic correctness (the relation between “symbol” and “object”). In practice, during the graphic editing of a map representing the cultural landscape, one should remember to: a) choose a scale suitable for the representation, upon which depend the degree of detail and the generalization of the content; b) correctly depict the variation boundaries, taking into account sharp and fuzzy boundaries; c) make a well-designed symbol key.
Examples of Object-Oriented Classification Performed on High-Resolution Satellite Images
Authors: Lewiński Stanisław , Zaremski Karol 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Information about the types of land cover and its use is obtained by the visual interpretation of the color composite of satellite images or by the use of automatic classification algorithms. For obvious reasons, the automatic classification methods make it possible to obtain information quicker and much faster than the traditional interpretation method.
The commonly used automatic methods of satellite image classification, based on supervised or unsupervised classification algorithms, are the most accurate when used with low resolution images. In the case of images with 1-meter-sized pixels, showing a diversity of land cover forms, it is not possible to obtain satisfactory results.
New classification techniques, based on object-oriented classification algorithms, have been developing for a couple of years now. In contrast to the traditional methods, the new operating procedure does not involve the classification of single pixels, but of entire objects, into which the content of the satellite image is divided. Aside from the spectral values of the pixels, the shape of the objects created by the pixels and the relationships between the objects, are also considered during the analysis. Similar to visual interpretation, variation in the texture of the image can also be taken into account in this case.
The aim of this article is to present the possibility of using high density satellite images in object-oriented classification. The classification presented is that of a high-rise built area in Wrocław and of bridges on the Vistula River in Warsaw.
Tendencies in Climate Changes in Poland and Ukraine During the Last Centuries and Their Causes
Authors: Boryczka Jerzy , Stopa-Boryczka Maria , Mucha Bohdan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The paper describes tendencies in changes of air temperature in Poland and Ukraine on the basis of a long series of measurements made in Warsaw (1779–2000), Cracow (1826–2000), Lviv (1824–2002) and Kiev (1812–2002). Air temperature in these cities in the years 1825–2002 is positively correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index. Values of the r correlation coefficient are much higher in winter months than during the summer and they decrease with distance from the Atlantic Ocean. Of interest are air temperature changes in Warsaw, Cracow, Lviv and Kiev in the XIXth –XXth centuries together with forecasts until the year 2100. Significant dependence of the climate of Poland and Ukraine on the NAO index stems from similar temperature cycles and the eight-year, eleven-year and one-hundred-year NAO index. Forecast credibility results from the similar periodicity of air temperature, the NAO index and solar activity. The forecast mean annual temperature values for 2001–2100 were obtained from the interference of statistically important temperature cycles, determined by the sinusoidal regression method.
Differentiation of Thermal Conditions in the Vertical Profile of Natural National Park of Carpathians
Authors: Mucha Bohdan , Kicińska Bożena , Wawer Jolanta 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In the paper, the results of field studies using automatic meteorological stations are presented. The studies were conducted in July 2005 – July 2006 in the vertical profile of Natural National Park of Carpathians. The results show that the thermal conditions in the area under research is strongly differentiated. Particularly large differences have been observed between the lowerings of the terrain (where the range of annual air temperature changes reaches almost 70°C, exceptionally high and exceptionally low temperature occurs often, and thermal inversions are frequently encountered) and the summit region (where the range of annual air temperature changes barely exceeds 50°C and the mean changes of daily air temperature are consideraly smaller).
Soils and Chemical Cycling of Elements After Land Use Changes (Case Studies)
Authors: Harasimiuk Andrzej 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The process of abandonment of arable land seems to be one of the main factors of changes in landscape and soil properties. This problem occurs on nearly 10% of arable land in Poland. The natural aspect of transformation is connected with the entrance of birch trees on uncultivated land and the anthropogenic aspect is associated with pine plantations. In the beginning, the appearance of trees on the former arable land changes soil properties because soil (and plant) is the most dependent component of the natural environment. In this paper, the role of birch and pine was analysed in comparison to arable land, abandoned land without trees and birch tree communities of different age. After the entrance of birch trees, soil profiles were enriched in nitrogen and elements such as aluminium, iron, cadmium, lead, cobalt, zinc, which were moved from the sod horizon of soil or come from the atmospheric load and were accumulated in litter or the humus horizon. Compared to arable land, some elements, e.g. calcium had lower concentration under birch trees. In comparison to cultivated land, birch and pine trees made the soil environment more natural, as expressed in the chemical properties of soil.
Impact of Agricultural Use on Chosen Soil Properties
Authors: Braun Barbara 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Agricultural use may change soil. These changes may be observed by examining certain soil properties. In numerous cases of agricultural use, soil compaction may be observed at the depth of 25–35 cm. After many years of use, this may lead to the creation of a plough sole. On arable grounds, which are generally fertilized by minerals, a decrease in organic matter content and soil acidification are frequently observed.
Image of Warsaw in the Consciousness of Its Inhabitants, Entrepreneurs and Tourists
Authors: Dudek-Mańkowska Sylwia 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The objective of the paper is to determine the characteristics and components of the Warsaw image residing in the consciousness of three investigated groups: metropolitans, entrepreneurs and tourists. A public opinion poll indicated that the prevailing features of respondents’ associations with Warsaw were related to the city particularity as the capital of Poland. Metropolitans and entrepreneurs’ conscious imagination of War-saw were observed to be very suggestive, while tourists’ were observed to be weak. The respondents regarded the city of Warsaw as the most attractive in Poland to run a business in and to visit, and as possessing many historical and cultural assets. The research showed that the majority of the investigated metropolitans, entrepreneurs and tourists judged the living conditions in the capital as good or very good.
Changes in the Environment and Migration in Southern Morocco – Example of the Mhamid Oasis
Authors: Sobczak Karolina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The subject of the article is an analysis of changes in the environment and economy of oases in southern Morocco, on the basis of a case study of Mhamid. The conclusions are that water investments carried out in the Draa Valley intensified the desertification process. This is exemplified by a stronger aeolian deflation, worsening living conditions of the population, limiting of arable areas and finally, migration. Paradoxically, because of desertification, the region has a chance to develop economically because the newly created sand dunes fields stimulate development of tourism.
Variability of Spring Riverflow of Selected Lowland Rivers
Authors: Piętka Izabela 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper aims at identification of changes in the spring discharge of six lowland rivers in Poland in 1966-2006. The contribution of the spring flow (February, March, April) in the annual flow was analysed as well as the 0.95 quantile time series of the daily flow. To investigate how the date of the occurrence of the spring riverflow changes, for each hydrological year the day up to which 50% of the annual flow had been reached was determined (CMD, the center of mass data). A test based on linear regression was applied, which determined the direction and rate of the changes. In five rivers, a statistically insignificant tendency to increase the contribution of the spring flow in the annual flow has been observed. A decreasing tendency in the spring discharge of all rivers has been shown; in two cases the changes are statistically significant. The tendencies in the CMD time series are not consistent.
Socio-Economic Conditions in Warsaw Districts and the Availability of Extracurricular Activities in Primary Schools
Authors: Awramiuk Alina , Fuhrmann Magdalena 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Polish schools achieve their educational aims, as set out in the curriculum, within the framework of obligatory class periods. Extracurricular activities may be organised when schools receive additional funding from local government budgets. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the relationship between the socio-economic conditions of individual Warsaw districts and the availability of extracurricular activities in those districts’ primary schools. The analysis carried out during this study disproved the initial assumption that more affluent districts with higher per capita incomes and a higher proportion of expenditures directed towards educational aims would be characterised by a larger offer of extracurricular activities. Rather, what distinguishes districts with the highest availability of extracurricular activities is their peripheral location within the territory of Warsaw. There, schools ensure longer hours of supervision for children and organised the time after class, which offers support to the parents. It is likely that it is the parents who, due to their relatively longer commute between home and work, support the organisation of such activities, not least financially.
The Relations Between Man and the Natural Environment as the Methodological Basis for Delimitation of Regions
Authors: Walewski Andrzej , Kantowicz Ewelina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The concept of regional geography as a science examining the relations between man and the natural environment is presented. Spatial coexistence of natural and socio-economic phenomena is a premise to search for causative relations. Their theoretic fundaments are described by the principle of factors limiting human activity, diversification as the general characteristic of the natural environment having impact on man and his activity, the principle of indirect chain links, changeability of relations in time and their interactions. Among others, correlation and regression analysis, the class differences method and tests of independence are used in research on the concordance of spatial coexistence of characteristics of the natural environment and socio-economic characteristics. The issue of the relations between man and the environment, examined on different scales, is associated with issues of the geographic region. A region may be perceived as an area characterized by a similarity of relations between the natural environment and human activity.
Variety of Economic Share of Tourism on Tropical Islands
Authors: Podhorodecka Katarzyna 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The author seeks an answer to the question whether a higher intensity of tourism movement is connected with a higher share of tourism in the economy in selected tropical island territories. With the use of the Spearman correlation coefficient, the existence of the average positive correlation between the intensity of tourism movement and the share of tourism in the economy has been determined. In the second part of paper, the author looks at the conditions which affect the role of tourism in the economy in proportion to the intensity of tourism movement. For this purpose, the Chi-square test and detailed case studies of chosen tropical islands are discussed.