bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic Skin: Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Skin‐Attachable Devices for Health Monitoring, Robotics, and Prosthetics
Authors: Yang Jun Chang , Mun Jaewan , Kwon Se Young , Park Seongjun , Bao Zhenan , Park Steve 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent progress in electronic skin or e‐skin research is broadly reviewed, focusing on technologies needed in three main applications: skin‐attachable electronics, robotics, and prosthetics. First, since e‐skin will be exposed to prolonged stresses of various kinds and needs to be conformally adhered to irregularly shaped surfaces, materials with intrinsic stretchability and self‐healing properties are of great importance. Second, tactile sensing capability such as the detection of pressure, strain, slip, force vector, and temperature are important for health monitoring in skin attachable devices, and to enable object manipulation and detection of surrounding environment for robotics and prosthetics. For skin attachable devices, chemical and electrophysiological sensing and wireless signal communication are of high significance to fully gauge the state of health of users and to ensure user comfort. For robotics and prosthetics, large‐area integration on 3D surfaces in a facile and scalable manner is critical. Furthermore, new signal processing strategies using neuromorphic devices are needed to efficiently process tactile information in a parallel and low power manner. For prosthetics, neural interfacing electrodes are of high importance. These topics are discussed, focusing on progress, current challenges, and future prospects.
Nanoprotrusions‐Enriched Surface: A Universal and Highly Tolerant Platform for Realizing Uniform Nanoparticles by Sputtering
Authors: Xu Guo‐Heng , Huang Ke‐Jing , Zhang Jia‐Ming , Liu Jie , Wang Shu , Lyu Shuang‐Bao , Duan Jing‐Lai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNanoparticle films sputtered on substrates are key building blocks for photovoltaics, chemical/biological sensors, portable/wearable devices, magnetic devices, and catalysis. For these applications, high size and shape uniformities are highly demanded for improving their functional performance. However, flat substrate surface generally leads to unsatisfied size and shape uniformities. Here, a universal and sputtering rate‐tolerant strategy for improving the uniformities by introducing densely spaced nanoprotrusions (NPTs) at substrate surface is proposed. Unlike the conventional flat surface where the thermodynamic processes are substantially random, the NPTs can predefine the nucleation sites and confine the diffusion of sputtered atoms on the top, and eventually enable uniform nucleation and growth of nanoparticles. The morphological and surface plasmon spectroscopic analyses disclose that the size and particle shape uniformities of the sputtered nanoparticles are significantly improved by this strategy. Finally, an unprecedented universality and high tolerance to sputtering rate of the approach are confirmed by extending the approach to other material systems. Because of the simplicity of the working mechanism, the proposed strategy is expected to be readily extended to more material systems for applications.
γ‐Functionalization of α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles under Mild Conditions: Versatile Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐2‐Bromopyridines
Authors: Sim Jaeuk , Viji Mayavan , Rhee Jeongtae , Jo Hyeju , Cho Suk Joon , Park Yunjeong , Seo Seung‐Yong , Jung Kwan‐Young , Lee Heesoon , Jung Jae‐Kyung 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis report describes the synthesis of 4‐aryl‐2‐halopyridines via γ‐functionalization of α,β‐unsaturated nitriles, which were obtained by the HWE reaction with the corresponding ketones. The key features of our methods involve a conjugated γ‐enamine formation of α,β‐unsaturated nitrile (enamino nitrile), followed by consecutive intramolecular cyclization, resulting in heteroaromatic compounds like 2‐halopyridines, α‐pyrone, etc.magnified image
A New Electrolyte Formulation for Securing High Temperature Cycling and Storage Performances of Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yan Guochun , Reeves Kyle , Foix Dominique , Li Zhujie , Cometto Claudio , Mariyappan Sathiya , Salanne Mathieu , Tarascon Jean‐Marie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Na‐ion battery is recognized as a possible alternative to the Li‐ion battery for applications where power and cost override energy density performance. However, the increasing instability of their electrolyte with temperature is still problematic. Thus, a central question remains how to design Na‐based electrolytes. Here, the discovery of a Na‐based electrolyte formulation is reported which enlists four additives (vinylene carbonate, succinonitrile, 1,3‐propane sultone, and sodium difluoro(oxalate)borate) in proper quantities that synergistically combine their positive attributes to enable a stable solid electrolyte interphase at both negative and positive electrodes surface at 55 °C. Moreover, the role of each additive that consists in producing specific NaF coatings, thin elastomers, sulfate‐based deposits, and so on via combined impedance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy is rationalized. It is demonstrated that empirical electrolyte design rules previously established for Li‐ion technology together with theoretical guidance is vital in the quest for better Na‐based electrolytes that can be extended to other chemistries. Overall, this finding, which is implemented to 18 650 cells, widens the route to the rapid development of the Na‐ion technology based on Na3V2(PO4)2F3/C chemistry.
Distinguished primatologist address—moving from advocacy to activism: Changing views of primate field research and conservation over the past 40 years
Authors: Garber Paul A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractField studies of wild nonhuman primates have grown exponentially over the past 40 years and our knowledge of primate behavior, ecology, and social, and mating systems has expanded greatly. However, we are facing a major extinction crisis with some 60% of all primate species listed as threatened and more than 75% of species with declining populations. The primary factor driving primate population decline is human population increase, which over the past 50 years has resulted in the unsustainable conversion and degradation of natural landscapes for industrial agriculture, the production of nonagricultural commodities for international trade, pastureland for cattle, dam construction, fossil fuel exploration, mining, and the construction of road networks and infrastructure to support large urban centers. Recent ecological modeling predicts that by the end of the century, the four primate‐richest countries in the world will lose 32–78% of their existing primate habitat to agricultural expansion, and nine of the top 15 primate‐richest countries are expected to have 80–100% of their primate species extinct or threatened with extinction. If we are going to save the world's primates, the time to act is now! Not only should all primate field research include a strong conservation component, but in addition we must actively join with our professional societies, zoos and research facilities, universities, conservation organizations, concerned business leaders, global citizens, like‐minded political leaders, and grassroots organizations to inform, demand and direct governments, multinational corporations, and international organizations to engage in transformational change to protect biodiversity and seek environmental justice against those entities that actively destroy our planet. As the chief academic discipline dedicated to the study of primates, we must organize and collectively move from being advocates for primate conservation to becoming activists for primate conservation. This is a call to action.
An Unprecedented Blueshifted Naphthalimide AIEEgen for Ultrasensitive Detection of 4‐Nitroaniline in Water via “Receptor‐Free” IFE Mechanism
Authors: Khatun Mst Nasima , Tanwar Arvin Sain , Meher Niranjan , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe development of a new naphthalene appended naphthalimide derivative (NMI) with aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) property for the sensitive detection of 4‐nitroaniline (4‐NA) in aqueous media is presented here. The newly designed naphthalimide AIEEgen has an exceptional blue‐shifted condensed state emission that is devoid of any receptor site, accomplished ultrasensitive detection of 4‐NA, which is one of the broad‐spectrum pesticides that belong to the class III toxic chemical, at parts per billion level (LOD/36 ppb, Ksv=4.1×104 m−1) in water with excellent selectivity even in the presence of potentially competing aliphatic and aromatic amines. The reported probe is the first of its kind, demonstrating major advantages of receptor‐free inner filter effect (IFE) mechanism for the sensitive detection of 4‐NA using an AIEEgenic probe. Excellent sensitivity for 4‐NA is also achieved on paper‐based test‐strip for low‐cost on‐site detection.
Efficient engineered probiotics using synthetic biology approaches: A review
Authors: Yadav Monika , Shukla Pratyoosh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe uses of probiotics‐based food supplements are getting emphasis due to their power to ensure better health conditions. Probiotics have diverse and significant applications in the health sector, so probiotic strains require an understanding of the genome level organizations. Probiotics elucidate various functional parameters that control their metabolic functions. In this review, we have compiled aspects of synthetic biology, which are used for the optimization of metabolic processes in probiotics for their use as a supplement in allopathic medicines. Synthetic biology approaches provide information about diverse biosynthetic pathways and also facilitate the novel metabolic engineering approaches for probiotics strain improvement. We have discussed the synthetic biology approaches for producing engineered probiotics via genetic circuits, expression systems, and genome editing tools like CRISPR–Cas and PEVLAB. This review also enlightens future challenges in the development of engineered probiotics.
Production and characterization of multifacet exopolysaccharide from an agricultural isolate, Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Mohite Bhavana V. , Koli Sunil H. , Rajput Jamatsing D. , Patil Vikas S. , Agarwal Tarun , Patil Satish V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study aims to explore the fermentative production and physicochemical properties of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced from agricultural isolate, Bacillus subtilis S1 in submerged culture. The structural characterization (Ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry) revealed that the EPS is an acidic heteropolymer consisting of glucose, glucuronic acid, pyruvic acid, and succinic acid. The non‐Newtonian shear thickening nature of EPS with a 1.55 × 107 Da molecular weight is confirmed by rheology analysis. The extracted EPS was 61.3% amorphous with partial crystallinity (38.7%) as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The EPS shows two‐step decomposition and thermal stability up to 300 °C as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The EPS has a small Z‐average particle size (74.29 nm), high porosity (92.99%), high water holding (92.39%), and absorption capacity (1,198%). The biocompatible nature is confirmed by cytotoxic testing on the human keratinocytes cell line. The demonstrated unique characteristics of Bacillus EPS presents it as a choice of biomaterial for diverse applications.
The fission yeast FHIT homolog affects checkpoint control of proliferation and is regulated by mitochondrial electron transport
Authors: Sjölander Johanna J. , Sunnerhagen Per 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGenetic analysis has strongly implicated humanFHIT(Fragile Histidine Triad) as a tumor suppressor gene, being mutated in a large proportion of early‐stage cancers. The functions of the FHIT protein have, however, remained elusive. Here, we investigatedaph1+, the fission yeast homolog ofFHIT, for functions related to checkpoint control and oxidative metabolism. In sublethal concentrations of DNA damaging agents,aph1Δ mutants grew with a substantially shorter lag phase. Inaph1Δ mutants carrying a hypomorphic allele ofcds1(the fission yeast homolog of Chk2), in addition, increased chromosome fragmentation and missegregation were found. We also found that under hypoxia or impaired electron transport function, the Aph1 protein level was strongly depressed. Previously, FHIT has been linked to regulation of the human 9‐1‐1 checkpoint complex constituted by Hus1, Rad1, and Rad9. InSchizosaccharomyces pombe, the levels of all three 9‐1‐1 proteins are all downregulated by hypoxia in similarity with Aph1. Moreover, deletion of the aph1+gene reduced the Rad1 protein level, indicating a direct relationship between these two proteins. We conclude that the fission yeast FHIT homolog has a role in modulating DNA damage checkpoint function, possibly through an effect on the 9‐1‐1 complex, and that this effect may be critical under conditions of limiting oxidative metabolism and reoxygenation.
Selective Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds over Small Size Colloidal Ru Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao JingPeng , Hernández Willinton Y. , Zhou WenJuan , Yang Yong , Vovk Evgeny I. , Capron Mickael , Ordomsky Vitaly 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe selective oxidation of alcohols to corresponding aldehydes is one of the most challenging problems in modern chemistry due to over‐oxidation of these products further into corresponding acids and esters. Herein, we report an efficient and eco‐friendly method for selective oxidation of aliphatic, unsaturated and aromatic alcohols to aldehydes (>90 %) using small size (2 nm) non‐supported colloidal Ru nanoparticles. The selectivity rapidly decreases with increase of the size of nanoparticles (from 2 to 10 nm) or after their deposition over support.X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests that this catalytic performance can be attributed to high content Ru−O species on the surface of small size Ru nanoparticles, which undergo reduction with formation of water and aldehyde and easy oxidation cycles during the reaction according to the Mars‐van Krevelen mechanism. The presence of surface oxide layer over small size Ru nanoparticles suppresses over‐oxidation of aldehydes to acids.
Sodium Butylated Hydroxytoluene (NaBHT) as a New and Efficient Hydride Source for Pd‐Catalysed Reduction Reactions
Authors: Sharif Sepideh , Rodriguez Michael J. , Lu Yu , Kopach Michael E. , Mitchell David , Hunter Howard N. , Organ Michael G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNaBHT (sodium butylated hydroxytoluene), a hindered and soluble base for the efficient arylation of various base‐sensitive amines and (hetero)aryl halides has been found to have an unanticipated role as a hydride donor to reduce (hetero)aryl halides and allylic acetates. Mechanistic studies have uncovered that NaBHT, but not BHT, can deliver multiple hydrides through oxidation of the benzylic methyl group in NaBHT to the aldehyde. Further, performing the reduction with NaBHT‐d20 has revealed that the redox‐active benzylic position is not the only hydride donor site from NaBHT with one hydride in three coming, presumably, from the tert‐butyl groups. The reduction works well under mild conditions and, incredibly, only consumes 20 percent of the NaBHT in the process; the remaining 80 percent can be readily recovered in pure form and reused. This, combined with the low cost of the material in ton‐scale quantity, makes it practical and attractive for wider use in industry at scale.
Triplet‐Induced Lesion Formation at CpT and TpC Sites in DNA
Authors: Gontcharov Julia , Liu Lizhe , Pilles Bert M. , Carell Thomas , Schreier Wolfgang J. , Zinth Wolfgang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUV irradiation induces DNA lesions particularly at dipyrimidine sites. Using time‐resolved UV pump (250 nm) and mid‐IR probe spectroscopy the triplet pathway of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) formation within TpC and CpT sequences was studied. The triplet state is initially localized at the thymine base but decays with 30 ns under formation of a biradical state extending over both bases of the dipyrimidine. Subsequently this state either decays back to the electronic ground state on the 100 ns time scale or forms a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesion (CPD). Stationary IR spectroscopy and triplet sensitization via 2′‐methoxyacetophenone (2‐M) in the UVA range shows that the lesions are formed with an efficiency of approximately 1.5 %. Deamination converts the cytosine moiety of the CPD lesions on the time scale of 10 hours into uracil which gives CPD(UpT) and CPD(TpU) lesions in which the coding potential of the initial cytosine base is vanished.
Stable Radical Cations of N,N′‐Diarylated Dihydrodiazapentacenes
Authors: Xie Gaozhan , Brosius Victor , Han Jie , Rominger Frank , Dreuw Andreas , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA series of quinoidal N,N′‐diaryldiaza‐N,N′‐dihydropentacenes (Quino) was prepared in a two‐step reaction, starting from quinacridone. Oxidation of Quino furnishes stable radical cations, isoelectronic to the radical anions of the azaacenes, whereas the dicationic species are isoelectronic to neutral azapentacenes. The spectroscopic properties of the diaryldiazapentacenes and their oxidized mono‐ and dications are equivalent to that of the dianion of tetraazapentacene (TAP), its radical anion and the neutral TAP.
Effects of Capping Agents on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity and Shape Stability of Pt Nanocubes
Authors: Safo Isaac A. , Dosche Carsten , Özaslan Mehtap 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe investigated the formation of Pt nanocubes (NCs) and their electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) properties and structural stability using two different capping agents, namely, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and oleylamine (OAm). The mono‐dispersity of the obtained Pt NCs and their interactions with PVP and OAm were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TEM data show a high mono‐dispersity (82 %) and a large mean particle size (9‐10 nm) for the Pt NCs obtained by the oleylamine‐assisted method compared to those prepared via the PVP‐assisted procedure (68 %, 6–7 nm). FTIR, XPS, and TGA data show that PVP and OAm still remain at the Pt surface, despite washing. Interestingly, the OAm‐capped Pt NCs show significantly higher electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and ORR activity than the PVP‐capped ones. An accelerated stress protocol, however, reveals that the OAm‐capped NCs possess a poor structural stability during electrochemical cycling. The loss of a defined surface arrangement in the NCs is connected with a transformation into a near‐spherical particle shape. In contrast, the PVP‐capped NCs mainly retain their particle shape due to their strong capping behavior. In addition, we have developed a degradation model for NCs as a function of electrochemical parameters such as upper potential and cycle number. Altogether, we provide fundamental insights into the electronic interactions between capping agent and Pt NCs and the role of the adsorption strength of the capping agent in improving the electrochemical ORR performance as well as the structural stability of shape‐controlled nanoparticles.
Diet‐induced obesity in young mice: Consequences on the pancreatic intrinsic nervous system control of insulin secretion
Authors: Saade Marie‐Béatrice , Cahu Armelle , Moriez Raphaël , Neunlist Michel , Blat Sophie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionObesity has become a pandaemic even in children. We aimed to investigate the impact of obesity in youth on later pancreatic intrinsic nervous system (PINS) phenotype and control of insulin secretion.MethodsYoung mice (5‐week‐old, T0 group) were fed either a normal diet (ND group) or a Western diet (WD group) for 12 weeks. Pancreas nervous system density, PINS phenotype and pancreas anatomy were analysed by immunohistochemistry at T0 and in adulthood (ND and WD groups). Insulin secretion was also studied in these 3 groups using a new model of ex vivo pancreatic culture, where PINS was stimulated by nicotinic and nitrergic agonists with and without antagonists. Insulin was assayed in supernatants by ELISA.ResultsPancreas nervous system density decreased with age in ND (P < .01) but not in WD mice (P = .08). Western diet decreased the PINS nitrergic component as compared to normal diet (P < .01) but it did not modify its cholinergic component (P = .50). Nicotinic PINS stimulation induced greater insulin secretion in ND compared to WD mice (P < .001) whereas nitrergic stimulation significantly decreased insulin secretion in ND mice (P < .001) and tended to increase insulin secretion in WD mice (P = .08). Endocrine pancreas anatomy was not modified by the Western diet as compared to the normal diet (P = .93).ConclusionsEarly Western diet induced neuronal density and phenotype changes in PINS that might be involved in the pancreas insulin secretion dysfunctions associated with obesity.
Retracted:Propofol exerts anticancer activity on hepatocellular carcinoma cells by raising lncRNA DGCR5
Authors: Sun Yan , Sun Hai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide. Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic extensively used in clinical. Herein, we tested the anticancer activity of propofol on hepatocellular carcinoma, along with the internal molecular mechanism related to lncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5). Followed by propofol stimulation, hepatocellular carcinoma Huh‐7 and HepG2 cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were tested, respectively. Then, DGCR5 expression levels in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and cells were measured. sh‐DGCR5 was transfected to silence DGCR5 expression. Subsequently, the influence of DGCR5 silence on propofol caused Huh‐7 and HepG2 cell viability loss, proliferation inhibition, migration and invasion suppression, apoptosis induction, as well as Raf1/ERK1/2 and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways inactivation were assessed, respectively. We discovered that propofol declined Huh‐7 and HepG2 cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, but increased cell apoptosis. DGCR5 had a relatively lower expression level in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and cells. Propofol elevated DGCR5 expression in Huh‐7 and HepG2 cells. Increased expression of DGCR5 was connected with the anticancer activity of propofol on Huh‐7 and HepG2 cells. Besides, propofol repressed Raf1/ERK1/2 and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways through elevating DGCR5 expression. In conclusion, the anticancer activity of propofol on hepatocellular carcinoma was verified in this study. Propofol repressed hepatocellular carcinoma Huh‐7 and HepG2 cell growth and metastasis at least by elevating DGCR5 and hereafter inactivating Raf1/ERK1/2 and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways.