bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible Mechanochromic Delayed Fluorescence in 2D Metal–Organic Micro/Nanosheets: Switching Singlet–Triplet States through Transformation between Exciplex and Excimer
Authors: Yang Yongsheng , Yang Xiaogang , Fang Xiaoyu , Wang Ke‐Zhi , Yan Dongpeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMechanochromic luminescent materials have attracted much attention and present a variety of applications in information security, data recording, and storage devices. However, most of these smart luminescent systems are based on typical fluorescence and/or phosphorescence mechanisms; the mechanochromic delayed fluorescence (MCDF) materials involving switching singlet and triplet states are rarely studied to date. Herein, new 2D layered metal–organic micro/nanosheets, [Cd(9‐AC)2(BIM)2] (named as MCDF‐1; 9‐AC = anthracene‐9‐carboxylate and BIM = benzimidazole) and its solvate form containing interlayer CH3CN (named as MCDF‐2), which exhibit reversible mechanochromic delayed fluorescence characteristics, are presented. With applying the mechanical force, the luminescent center of MCDF‐1 can be converted from 9‐AC/BIM exciplex to 9‐AC/9‐AC excimer, resulting in alternations of delayed fluorescence. Such luminescent change can be further recovered by CH3CN fumigation, accompanied by the structural transformation from MCDF‐1 to MCDF‐2. Furthermore, the force‐responsive process also refers to the energy redistribution between singlet and triplet states as inferred by both temperature‐dependent photophysics and theoretical calculations. Therefore, this work not only develops new 2D micro/nanosheets as MCDF materials, but also supplies a singlet–triplet energy switching mechanism on their reversible mechanochromic process.
Redox‐Active Organic Sodium Anthraquinone‐2‐Sulfonate (AQS) Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Shi Ruiying , Han Cuiping , Duan Huan , Xu Lei , Zhou Dong , Li Hongfei , Li Junqin , Kang Feiyu , Li Baohua , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRedox active organic quinones are potentially low cost, sustainable, and high‐energy pseudocapacitive materials due to their fast and reversible redox reactivity. However, their electrically insulating nature prevents any practical application. Herein, for the first time, sodium anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonate (AQS) is examined as an organic redox‐active compound and highly conductive graphene nanosheets are incorporated to enhance the electronic conductivity. The SO3− functional group of AQS offers excellent hydrophilicity, which promotes the molecular level binding of AQS with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and leads to a 3D interconnected xerogel (AQS@rGO). The composite exhibits a high specific capacitance of 567.1 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a stable capacity retention of 89.1% over 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. More importantly, the optimized composite maintains a high capacitance of 315.1 F g−1 even at 30 A g−1 due to the high pseudocapacitance of AQS and the capacitive contribution of rGO. First‐principles calculations further elucidate that AQS offers strong adhesion to rGO sheets with the formation of a space‐charge layer, which is favorable for the pseudocapacitance of AQS. This work opens a new avenue for developing high‐performance supercapacitors though rational combination of redox organic molecules with highly conductive graphene.
Genetic history of Chad
Authors: Shriner Daniel , Rotimi Charles N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe Sahel is a semi‐arid zone stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east and from the Sahara in the north to the Sudanian Savanna in the south. Here, we investigated the genetic history of the spread of Northern African ancestry common among Berbers, the Y DNA haplogroup R1b‐V88, and Chadic languages throughout the Sahel, with a focus on Chad.Materials and methodsWe integrated and analyzed genotype data from 751 individuals from Chad, Burkina Faso, Mali, South Sudan, and Sudan in the context of a global reference panel of 5,966 individuals.ResultsWe found that genetic diversity in Chad was broadly divided by a north–south axis. The core ancestry of Southern Chadians was Central African, most closely related to Pygmies. Southern Chadians then experienced four waves of gene flow over the last 3,000 years from West‐Central Africans, Eastern Africans, West‐Central Africans again, and then Arabians. In contrast, Northern Chadians did not share Central African ancestry and were not influenced by the first wave of West‐Central Africans but were influenced by Northern African ancestry.DiscussionWe found that Y DNA haplogroup R1b entered the Chadian gene pool during Baggarization. Baggara Arabs spoke Arabic, not Chadic, implying that people carrying R1b‐V88 were not responsible for the spread of Chadic languages, which may have spread approximately 3,700 years ago. We found no evidence for migration of Near Eastern farmers or any ancient episodes involving Eurasian backflow.
Two‐Terminal Molecular Memory through Reversible Switching of Quantum Interference Features in Tunneling Junctions
Authors: Carlotti Marco , Soni Saurabh , Kumar Sumit , Ai Yong , Sauter Eric , Zharnikov Michael , Chiechi Ryan C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLarge‐area molecular tunneling junctions comprising self‐assembled monolayers of redox‐active molecules are described that exhibit two‐terminal bias switching. The as‐prepared monolayers undergo partial charge transfer to the underlying metal substrate (Au, Pt, or Ag), which converts their cores from a quinoid to a hydroquinoid form. The resulting rearomatization converts the bond topology from a cross‐conjugated to a linearly conjugated π system. The cross‐conjugated form correlates to the appearance of an interference feature in the transmission spectrum that vanishes for the linearly conjugated form. Owing to the presence of electron‐withdrawing nitrile groups, the reduction potential and the interference feature lie close to the work function and Fermi level of the metallic substrate. We exploited the relationship between conjugation patterns and quantum interference to create nonvolatile memory in proto‐devices using eutectic Ga–In as the top contact.
Ein N‐heterocyclischer Carbenkomplex des Silbers für die plasmaunterstützte räumlich getrennte Atomlagenabscheidung dünner Silberschichten bei Atmosphärendruck
Authors: Boysen Nils , Hasselmann Tim , Karle Sarah , Rogalla Detlef , Theirich Detlef , Winter Manuela , Riedl Thomas , Devi Anjana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEin Silberamidkomplex eines N‐heterocyclischen Carbens, (1,3‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐imidazolin‐2‐yliden)silber(I)‐1,1,1‐trimethyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)silanamid [(NHC)Ag(hmds)], wurde synthetisiert, mittels Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse, 1H‐ und 13C‐NMR‐Spektroskopie und EI‐Massenspektrometrie analysiert, sowie bezüglich seiner thermischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Diese neue halogen‐ und phosphorfreie Vorstufe für die Atomlagenabscheidung (ALD) wurde in einem plasmaunterstützten räumlich getrennten (APP‐)ALD‐Prozess unter Atmosphärendruck für die Abscheidung dünner Silberschichten genutzt. Besonders reine und elektrisch leitende dünne Silberschichten mit einem geringen Flächenwiderstand von 0.9 Ω/sq (10−5 Ωcm) wurden bei 100 °C abgeschieden und mittels Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, optischer Transmissionsspektroskopie und Rutherford‐Rückstreuspektrometrie untersucht. Die Carben‐basierte ALD‐Vorstufe und der zugehörige APP‐ALD‐Prozess ermöglichen zukünftige Anwendungen solcher Silberschichten.
Improvement in mechanical properties of polyurethane‐urea nanocomposites by using modified SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Yarmohammadi Masoud , Khalaf Adeli Alireza , Zamani Pedram Mona , Shahidzadeh Mansour , Pirouzfar Vahid 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(propylene glycol) (PPG)‐based nanocomposites have been prepared one shot using various contents of functionalized SiO2 nanoparticle as filler‐crosslinker agent. Triethoxy silyl propane‐1‐amine has been used as coupling agent for functionalization of SiO2 nanoparticle to improve its reactivity. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the samples have been improved due to the functionalized SiO2‐nanoparticle effect on chemical and three‐dimensional physical crosslinking of the polyurethane–urea nanocomposites. Addition of the functionalized nanoparticle increased strength from 0.75 to 1.58 MPa in comparison to polyurethane sample. Moreover, storage moduli of PPG‐based polyurethane sample reduced in higher than room temperatures. While, using functionalized nanoparticle improves elasticity from 0.88 MPa in polyurethane sample to 2.84 MPa in polyurethane–urea nanocomposites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46707.
Odds are the sign is right
Authors: Knaeble Brian , Chan Julian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article introduces a new condition based on odds ratios for sensitivity analysis. The analysis involves the average effect of a treatment or exposure on a response or outcome with estimates adjusted for and conditional on a single, unmeasured, dichotomous covariate. Results of statistical simulations are displayed to show that the odds ratio condition is as reliable as other commonly used conditions for sensitivity analysis. Other conditions utilize quantities reflective of a mediating covariate. The odds ratio condition can be applied when the covariate is a confounding variable. As an example application we use the odds ratio condition to analyze and interpret a positive association observed between Zika virus infection and birth defects.
Spatial learning and long‐term memory impairments in RasGrf1 KO, Pttg1 KO, and double KO mice
Authors: Manyes Lara , Holst Sarah , Lozano Manuel , Santos Eugenio , Fernandez‐Medarde Alberto 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundRasGrf1 is a guanine‐nucleotide releasing factor that enhances Ras activity. Human PTTG1 is an oncoprotein found in pituitary tumors and later identified as securin, a protein isolated from yeast with a reported role in chromosome separation. It has been suggested that RasGrf1 is an important upstream component of signal transduction pathways regulating Pttg1 expression and controlling beta cell development and their physiological response. At memory formation level, there are contradictory data regarding the role of RasGrf1, while Pttg1 has not been previously studied. Both proteins are expressed in the mammalian hippocampus, which is one of the key brain areas for spatial learning and memory.ObjectiveThe aim of this work was to study a potential link between RasGrf1 and Pttg1 in memory formation.MethodSpatial learning and memory test in the Pttg1 KO, RasGrf1 KO, and Pttg1‐RasGrf1 double KO and their correspondent WT mice using a Barnes maze.ResultsIn comparison with the WT control mice, Pttg1 KO mice learned how to solve the task in a less efficient way, suggesting problems in memory consolidation. RasGrf1 KO mice performance was similar to controls, and they learned to use the best searching strategy. Double KO mice reached a better spatial learning level than WT.ConclusionA role for Pttg1 in memory consolidation/formation is suggested, while our RasGrf1 KO mice do not show hippocampus associated memory defects.
Circulating microRNA biomarkers for lung cancer detection in Western populations
Authors: Yu Haixin , Guan Zhong , Cuk Katarina , Brenner Hermann , Zhang Yan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related death in the Western world. Patients with LC usually have poor prognosis due to the difficulties in detecting tumors at early stages. Multiple studies have shown that circulating miRNAs might be promising biomarkers for early detection of LC. We aimed to provide an overview of published studies on circulating miRNA markers for early detection of LC and to summarize their diagnostic performance in Western populations. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge to find relevant studies published up to 11 August 2017. Information on study design, population characteristics, miRNA markers, and diagnostic accuracy (including sensitivity, specificity, and AUC) were independently extracted by two reviewers. Overall, 17 studies evaluating 35 circulating miRNA markers and 19 miRNA panels in serum or plasma were included. The median sensitivity (range) and specificity (range) were, respectively, 78.4% (51.7%‐100%) and 78.7% (42.9%‐93.5%) for individual miRNAs, and 83.0% (64.0%‐100%) and 84.9% (71.0%‐100%) for miRNA panels. Most studies incorporated individual miRNA markers as panels (with 2‐34 markers), with multiple miRNA‐based panels generally outperforming individual markers. Two promising miRNA panels were discovered and verified in prospective cohorts. Of note, both studies exclusively applied miRNA ratios when building up panels. In conclusion, circulating miRNAs may bear potential for noninvasive LC screening, but large studies conducted in screening or longitudinal settings are needed to validate the promising results and optimize the marker panels.
A novel inflammation‐based nomogram system to predict survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Jinbin , Fang Aiping , Chen Minshan , Tuoheti Yiminjiang , Zhou Zhongguo , Xu Li , Chen Jiancong , Pan Yangxun , Wang Juncheng , Zhu Huilian , Zhang Yaojun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe existed staging systems were limited in the accuracy of prediction for overall survival (OS) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The aim of this study is to establish a novel inflammation‐based prognostic system with nomogram for HCC patients.MethodsA prospective cohort of patients was recruited and assigned to the training cohort (n = 659) and validation cohort (n = 320) randomly. Different inflammation‐based score systems were evaluated to select the best one predicting overall survival (OS). The inflammation‐based score system with the highest predicting value and the parameters best reflecting tumor burden identified by multivariate analysis were selected to construct a novel predicting nomogram system. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were evaluated by concordance index (C‐index) and calibration curve and compared with conventional staging systems.ResultsWith a highest C‐index and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) was selected to construct the novel system, along with tumor number, tumor size, macrovascular invasion and extra‐hepatic metastases. The C‐index of the nomogram was 0.813 (95% CI, 0.789‐0.837) in the training cohort and 0.794 (95% CI, 0.756‐0.832) in the validation cohort. The calibration curve for predicting probability of survival showed that the nomogram had a high consistency with follow‐up data. The C‐index of the novel system was higher than other conventional staging systems (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe novel inflammation‐based nomogram, developed from prospectively collected data in the present study, predicted the OS of HCC patients.
Expression of sushi domain containing two reflects the malignant potential of gastric cancer
Authors: Umeda Shinichi , Kanda Mitsuro , Miwa Takashi , Tanaka Haruyoshi , Tanaka Chie , Kobayashi Daisuke , Suenaga Masaya , Hattori Norifumi , Hayashi Masamichi , Yamada Suguru , Nakayama Goro , Fujiwara Michitaka , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHepatic recurrence of gastric cancer (GC) is uncontrollable. Discovery of causative oncogenes and the development of sensitive biomarkers to predict hepatic recurrence are required to improve patients’ outcomes. In this study, recurrence pattern‐specific transcriptome analysis of 57 749 genes was conducted to identify mRNAs specifically associated with hepatic metastasis of patients with stage III GC who underwent curative resection. GC cell lines were subjected to mRNA expression analysis, PCR array analysis, and siRNA‐mediated knockdown. The expression levels of primary cancer tissues from 154 patients with resectable GC were determined and correlated with clinicopathological variables. Among 21 genes significantly overexpressed specifically in patients with hepatic recurrence, Sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) was selected as a promising target. PCR array analysis revealed that SUSD2 mRNA levels positively correlated with those of FZD7, CDH2, TGFB1, SPARC, ITGA5, and ZEB1. Functional analysis revealed that knockdown of SUSD2 significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness GC cell lines. Patients with high SUSD2 expression were more likely to experience shorter disease‐free and overall survival. Analysis of the relation between disease recurrence pattern and SUSD2 levels revealed that significantly more patients with hepatic metastases expressed higher levels of SUSD2 mRNA. The cumulative incidence of hepatic recurrence was greater in patients with high SUSD2 expression. In conclusion, SUSD2 likely contributes to the malignant potential of GC and may serve as a novel biomarker that predicts hepatic recurrence after curative resection.
Polypyrrole‐Assisted Co3O4 Anchored Carbon Fiber as a Binder‐Free Electrode for Seawater Batteries
Authors: Kim Changmin , Kim Seona , Kwon Ohhun , Kim Jeongwon , Kim Guntae 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn efficient, durable and cost‐effective air electrode is essential to achieve a practicable metal‐air battery. The conventional preparation of electrode uses polymer binders to ensure good physical contacts between catalysts and the electrode scaffold. However, the use of polymer binders introduces inevitable loss of the electrochemically active surface area and restricts access of the reactants, owing to the electrically insulating properties and hydrophobic properties of polymer binders. In this work, a binder‐free air electrode is structured by using Co oxide anchored on carbon fiber tissues with the assistance of polypyrrole‐doped carbon (PPy/C) through a simple infiltration technique. The fabricated binder‐free electrode exhibits excellent bifunctional stability for seawater batteries, presenting a comparable performance to the binder‐included Pt/C+IrO2 electrode.
Image super‐resolution reconstruction based on adaptive sparse representation
Authors: Xu Mengxi , Yang Yun , Sun Quansen , Wu Xiaobin 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThere are two problems in global over‐complete dictionary: lack of adaptability to image local structure and low computational efficiency. Based on the study of the adaptive sparse representation reconstruction, this paper obtained a series of corresponding sub‐dictionaries by image block subset, then the optimal sub‐dictionary for each reconstruction image block is adaptively selected, which can be more accurately sparse represented modeled to improve the effect and efficiency of the algorithm. In order to promote the ability of sparse representation model, nonlocal self‐similarity prior item is introduced. Meanwhile, the nonlocal self‐similarity model is improved by using the idea of the bilateral filter, and the space distance restraint between pixels is introduced to better keep the image edge information. Moreover, the nonlocal self‐similar distance measure is improved to reduce the amount of calculation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively suppress noise effects and can maintain the image edge details, at the same time, there are certain advantages at both the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and visual effects.
Intensive treatment program (ITP): A case series service evaluation of the effectiveness of day patient treatment for adolescents with a restrictive eating disorder
Authors: Simic Mima , Stewart Catherine S. , Eisler Ivan , Baudinet Julian , Hunt Katrina , O'Brien Jayne , McDermott Beth 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveFamily Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa (FT‐AN) is the first line treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa in the UK. However, research suggests between 10 and 40% of young people have a poor outcome. For those for whom FT‐AN alone is not effective there is a clear need to develop additional treatments. This paper describes the effectiveness of an additional treatment for adolescents who had not responded to FT‐AN, the Intensive Day Treatment Program (ITP) embedded within a comprehensive outpatient service at the Maudsley Hospital.MethodData from a retrospective chart review of patient files were analyzed for 105 young people aged 11–18 with restrictive eating disorders referred to the program in the first four and a half years of its operation.ResultsYoung people attended ITP for only on average 28.41 days. Over this time they made significant improvements in a range of domains, including weight gain, eating disorder symptomatology, motivation to recover, quality of life and comorbid symptomatology. Young people continued to make improvements post ITP in outpatient treatment provided by the same service and 73.2% had a good or an intermediate outcome at the point of discharge from the service.DiscussionThis uncontrolled case series indicates that ITP can contribute to positive outcomes for young people who require intensification of treatment. ITP outcomes are discussed in comparison to the published literature concerning day programs for adolescents with a diagnosis of an eating disorder.
Long‐lasting effects of logging on beetles in hollow oaks
Authors: Pilskog Hanne E. , Sverdrup‐Thygeson Anne , Evju Marianne , Framstad Erik , Birkemoe Tone 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere is growing evidence that biodiversity is important for ecosystem functions. Thus, identification of habitat requirements essential for current species richness and abundance to persist is crucial. Hollow oaks (Quercus spp.) are biodiversity hot spots for deadwood‐dependent insect species, and the main objective of this paper was to test the effect of habitat history and current habitat distribution at various spatial scales on the associated beetle community. We used a gradient spanning 40 km from the coast to inland areas reflecting historical logging intensity (later and lower intensities inland) through 500 years in Southern Norway, to investigate whether the historical variation in oak density is influencing the structure of beetle communities in hollow oaks today. We trapped beetles in 32 hollow oaks along this gradient in forested and seminatural landscapes over two summers. We found higher species richness and total abundance inland consistent with our expectation based on historic logging intensity. Scale‐specific environmental variables also affected the response; beetle abundances were controlled by local conditions, whereas beetle species richness responded to habitat on the landscape scale. This indicates that long time continuity as well as large areas of favorable habitat is necessary to maintain beetle species richness through time in these highly long‐lasting structures.