bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: 1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D exerts an antiaging role by activation of Nrf2‐antioxidant signaling and inactivation of p16/p53‐senescence signaling
Authors: Chen Lulu , Yang Renlei , Qiao Wanxin , Zhang Wei , Chen Jie , Mao Li , Goltzman David , Miao Dengshun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3[1α,25(OH)2D3] has antiaging effects via upregulating nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreasing DNA damage, reducing p16/Rb and p53/p21 signaling, increasing cell proliferation, and reducing cellular senescence and the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3‐deficient [1α(OH)ase−/−] mice survived on average for only 3 months. Increased tissue oxidative stress and DNA damage, downregulated Bmi1 and upregulated p16, p53 and p21 expression levels, reduced cell proliferation, and induced cell senescence and the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were observed. Supplementation of 1α(OH)ase−/− mice with dietary calcium and phosphate, which normalized serum calcium and phosphorus, prolonged their average lifespan to more than 8 months with reduced oxidative stress and cellular senescence and SASP. However, supplementation with exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 or with combined calcium/phosphate and the antioxidant N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine prolonged their average lifespan to more than 16 months and nearly 14 months, respectively, largely rescuing the aging phenotypes. We demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3exerted an antioxidant role by transcriptional regulation of Nrf2 via the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Homozygous ablation of p16 or heterozygous ablation of p53 prolonged the average lifespan of 1α(OH)ase−/− mice on the normal diet from 3 to 6 months by enhancing cell proliferative ability and reducing cell senescence or apoptosis. This study suggests that 1,25(OH)2D3 plays a role in delaying aging by upregulating Nrf2, inhibiting oxidative stress and DNA damage，inactivating p53‐p21 and p16‐Rb signaling pathways, and inhibiting cell senescence and SASP.
Hepatic Inactivation of the Type 2 Deiodinase Confers Resistance to Alcoholic Liver Steatosis
Authors: Fonseca Tatiana L. , Fernandes Gustavo W. , Bocco Barbara M. L. C. , Keshavarzian Ali , Jakate Shriram , Donohue Terrence M. , Gereben Balázs , Bianco Antonio C. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundA mouse with hepatocyte‐specific deiodinase type II inactivation (Alb‐D2KO) is resistant to diet‐induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and hypertriglyceridemia due to perinatal epigenetic modifications in the liver. This phenotype is linked to low levels of Zfp125, a hepatic transcriptional repressor that promotes liver steatosis by inhibiting genes involved in packaging and secretion of very‐low‐density lipoprotein.MethodsHere, we used chronic and binge ethanol (EtOH) in mice to cause liver steatosis.ResultsThe EtOH treatment causes a 2.3‐fold increase in hepatic triglyceride content; Zfp125 levels were approximately 50% higher in these animals. In contrast, Alb‐D2KO mice did not develop EtOH‐induced liver steatosis. They also failed to elevate Zfp125 to the same levels, despite being on the EtOH‐containing diet for the same period of time. Their phenotype was associated with 1.3‐ to 2.9‐fold up‐regulation of hepatic genes involved in lipid transport and export that are normally repressed by Zfp125, that is, Mttp, Abca1, Ldlr, Apoc1, Apoc3, Apoe, Apoh, and Azgp1. Furthermore, genes involved in the EtOH metabolic pathway, that is, Aldh2 and Acss2, were also 1.6‐ to 3.1‐fold up‐regulated in Alb‐D2KO EtOH mice compared with control animals kept on EtOH.ConclusionsEtOH consumption elevates expression of Zfp125. Alb‐D2KO animals, which have lower levels of Zfp125, are much less susceptible to EtOH‐induced liver steatosis.
HIV Infection, HCV Coinfection, and Alcohol Use: Associations with Microbial Translocation and Immune Activation
Authors: Monnig Mollie A. , Cohen Ronald , Ramratnam Bharat , McAdams Mikayla , Tashima Karen , Monti Peter M. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and heavy drinking independently promote microbial translocation and inflammation. However, it is not known how alcohol use may affect these processes in people living with HIV (PLWH). This study tested the hypothesis that alcohol exacerbates innate immune dysfunction in PLWH.MethodsParticipants were 75 PLWH and 34 uninfected controls. Groups were recruited to have similar proportions of nondrinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers. Substance use data and plasma samples were collected at up to 3 visits over a 5‐year study period. Recent alcohol use was assessed with the Timeline Followback Interview. Biomarkers of microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and immune activation (lipopolysaccharide binding protein, LBP; soluble CD14, sCD14; soluble CD163, sCD163) were quantified using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Analyses tested 2 hypotheses: (i) that biomarker levels would be significantly higher in PLWH than controls with comparable alcohol use and (ii) that current alcohol use would exacerbate biomarker elevations in PLWH. The second analysis included the interaction of alcohol use with hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection.ResultsGroups were matched on alcohol use, smoking, and other drug use. All biomarkers were significantly higher in PLWH relative to controls (LBP: p = 0.005; LPS: p = 0.014; sCD14: p < 0.001; sCD163: p < 0.001). In PLWH, alcohol use showed a significant, positive association with sCD163, but not with other biomarkers. However, the interaction of alcohol use with HCV coinfection was significant for all biomarkers (LBP: p = 0.002; LPS: p = 0.026; sCD14: p = 0.0004; sCD163: p = 0.001). In pairwise tests with sequential Bonferroni correction, HIV/HCV coinfected individuals who drank heavily had significantly higher sCD163 compared to coinfected nondrinkers and to HIV monoinfected nondrinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers (ps < 0.005). Coinfected moderate drinkers had significantly higher sCD163 than each monoinfected group (ps < 0.003). In addition, sCD14 was significantly higher in coinfected moderate drinkers than coinfected nondrinkers (p = 0.027).ConclusionsAs predicted, PLWH had higher levels of LBP, LPS, sCD14, and sCD163 than uninfected individuals with similar alcohol use. In PLWH, alcohol by itself was significantly associated only with higher sCD163. However, heavy or moderate alcohol use was associated with elevations in macrophage activation (sCD163) and monocyte activation (sCD14) in HIV/HCV coinfected individuals.
Effectiveness of different activated irrigation techniques on debris and smear layer removal from curved root canals: a SEM evaluation
Authors: Haupt Franziska , Meinel Michael , Gunawardana Asanka , Hülsmann Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study evaluates the effectiveness of different activated irrigation techniques on removal of debris and smear layer from curved root canals. Ninety mandibular molars with a root canal curvature between 20 and 40 degrees were assigned to 4 groups (n = 20): syringe irrigation (SI), passive ultrasonic activation (PUI), sonic activation with EDDY (ED) or EndoActivator (EA) and a control group. Mesiobuccal root canals were prepared to size 40, 0.04 and irrigated with NaOCl (3%) according to the respective technique. Roots were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopic analysis. Presence of debris and smear layer was evaluated using 5‐grade scoring systems with 200× and 1000× magnification, respectively. Data were analysed with nonparametric analysis for ordinal longitudinal data (α = 5%). Activation of the irrigant significantly improved smear layer removal (P < 0.05). Regarding debris, only activation with EA and ED was significantly more effective than SI (P < 0.05). No activation technique was able to eliminate debris and smear layer completely from curved root canals.
Modelling the distribution of a potential invasive tropical fern, Cyclosorus afer in Nigeria
Authors: Akomolafe Gbenga Festus , Rahmad Zakaria Bin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, we predicted the distribution of Cyclosorus afer in Nigeria using the Maximum Entropy (Maxent) technique. We used 95 occurrence points in one State to extrapolate its spread in other States in Nigeria. Three sites of sizes 500 × 500 m2 separated by minimum distance of 1,000 m2 were sampled in the study area. Seven bioclimatic and elevation variables were selected for the model. Maxent model was run using standard settings with 70% of the occurrence data as training and remaining 30% as test data. The result showed that Maxent performed better than random prediction due to the area under curve for receiver operating characteristics of training (0.990) and test data (0.987) closer to 1. The sensitivity of the Maxent model for occurrence data of C. afer was found to be 100%. The model predicted higher probability of occurrence covering an area of 26019.11 km2 in 4 States of Nigeria. Jackknife evaluation of the model revealed that the environmental predictors of C. afer in Nigeria are annual mean temperature, mean temperature of driest quarter, precipitation seasonality, Precipitation of driest quarter and precipitation of coldest quarter. These variables all showed higher gain and contributions to the model.
PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST POSTSPLENECTOMY PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION
Authors: SIDDINS M. , DOWNIE J. , WISE K. , O'REILLY M. 
Published: March 2019

An excess risk of overwhelming sepsis following splenectomy is well established. In view of this, surgical responsibility must embrace the administration of pneumococcal prophylaxis. Current recommendations vary, but routine pneumococcal vaccination, together with penicillin prophylaxis in selected patients, is advocated widely. This retrospective review of 75 patients undergoing splenectomy was undertaken in order to evaluate the extent to which current practice complies with these recommendations.Among surviving patients, the incidence of vaccination with polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine (PPV) was found to vary according to operative indication. All haematological patients received pre‐operative PPV. Two‐thirds of multitrauma patients were vaccinated, while 42% of patients who required splenectomy following accidental intra‐operative trauma received PPV. Only 11% of patients who underwent incidental splenectomy were vaccinated. Long‐term antibiotic prophylaxis was commenced in 33% of surviving patients under 20 years of age. and in 8% with underlying malignancy.These results highlight a need for greater vigilance in the administration of pneumococcal prophylaxis, particularly following accidental or incidental splenectomy.
Gender and Leadership Aspiration: Supervisor Gender, Support, and Job Control
Authors: Fritz Claudia , van Knippenberg Daan 
Published: March 2019

Understanding the role of leadership aspiration in the under‐representation of female leaders is important, because aspiration is a key predictor of hierarchical advancement. A neglected perspective in the relationship between gender and leadership aspiration is the gender of the individual's supervisor. Supervisors can play an important role in providing support and in engendering a sense of control, and both support and control are precursors to leadership aspiration. Yet, supervisors may also act on gender biases that discourage women's leadership aspiration. We argue that there is an interaction between supervisor and subordinate gender such that men experience relatively high levels of support and control regardless of supervisor gender, whereas women experience more support and control and as a result display higher leadership aspiration with a female supervisor. A survey of N = 402 men and women supported these hypotheses regarding the subordinate gender by supervisor gender interactive influence on leadership aspiration, support, control, and the mediated moderation model.
Diabetes mellitus comorbidity in patients enrolled in tuberculosis drug efficacy trials around the world: A systematic review
Authors: Lutfiana Nurul Cholifah , van Boven Job F.M. , Masoom Zubair Muhammad Asim , Pena Michelle J. , Alffenaar Jan‐Willem C. 
Published: March 2019

AimsWith a prevalence of 16%, diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most frequent non‐communicable comorbidities of tuberculosis (TB). DM is a major risk factor for adverse TB outcomes and may require personalized TB drug dosing regimens. However, information on the inclusion of DM in TB drug trials is lacking. We aimed to assess the percentage of recent TB drug efficacy trials that included DM patients.MethodsA systematic review was performed and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Science Direct, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched for TB drug trials published between 1 January 2012 and 12 September 2017. Primary outcome was the percentage of TB drug trials performed around the world that included DM patients.ResultsOut of the included 41 TB drug trials, 12 (29.3%) reported DM comorbidity among the study participants. Nine trials (21.9%) excluded all patients with DM comorbidity, ten (24.4%) excluded only insulin‐dependent or uncontrolled DM, and 10 (24.4%) did not mention whether DM was included or excluded. Of the 12 trials that included DM comorbidity, the majority did not report the diagnostic criteria for DM and none reported outcomes in the DM subpopulation. Inclusion of DM was higher in drug‐resistant‐TB trials (67%, P = .003, vs drug‐susceptible) and trials performed in Asia (60%, P = .006, vs Africa).ConclusionsFewer than 1/3 recent TB drug trials reported the inclusion of DM. To better reflect real‐world DM prevalence and differential TB drug effectiveness, inclusion of DM patients requires increased attention for future TB drug trials.
Ethics in educational technology research: Informing participants on data sharing risks
Authors: Beardsley Marc , Santos Patricia , Hernández‐Leo Davinia , Michos Konstantinos 
Published: March 2019

AbstractParticipants in educational technology research regularly share personal data which carries with it risks. Informing participants of these data sharing risks is often only done so through text contained within a consent form. However, conceptualizations of data sharing risks and knowledge of responsible data management practices among teachers and learners may be impoverished—limiting the effectiveness of a consent form in communicating such risks in a manner that adequately supports participants in making informed decisions about sharing their data. At two high schools participating in an educational research project involving the use of technology in the classroom, we investigate teacher and student conceptions of data sharing risks and knowledge of responsible data management practices; and introduce a communication approach that attempts to better inform educational technology research participants of such risks. Results of this study suggest that most teachers have not received formal training related to responsibly managing data; and both teachers and students see the need for such training as they come to realize that their understanding of responsible data management is underdeveloped. Thus, efforts beyond solely explaining data sharing risks in an informed consent form may be needed in educational technology research to facilitate ethical self‐determination.
Parental longevity and survival among patients with multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a population‐based study
Authors: Sverrisdóttir Ingigerður S. , Lund Sigrún H. , Turesson Ingemar , Björkholm Magnus , Goldin Lynn R. , Landgren Ola , Kristinsson Sigurður Y. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryParental longevity is associated with an increased life expectancy; results with regard to specific diseases are conflicting. There are limited data focusing on host characteristics and their effect on survival among multiple myeloma (MM) patients and individuals with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the impact of parental longevity on survival of patients with MM and MGUS. A total of 4675 patients with MM, 6812 MGUS patients and 13 398 population‐based controls for MM as well as 19 110 controls for MGUS, from 1988 to 2013, were included in the study. Longevity was defined as >90 years of age. Among MM patients, parental longevity was associated with a decreased risk of death [hazard ratio (HR) = 0·92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·84–0·99] and the same was true for MGUS patients (HR = 0·87, 95% CI 0·78–0·96). Having one long lived parent significantly decreased the risk of death in both groups, but was not statistically significant when both parents exceeded 90 years of age. In conclusion, parental longevity decreases the risk of death for patients with MM and MGUS which may reflect the importance of the host's genetic and environmental factors in relation to survival.
We need to talk about super‐recognizers Invited commentary on: Ramon, M., Bobak, A. K., & White, D. Super‐recognizers: From the lab to the world and back again. British Journal of Psychology.
Authors: Young Andrew W. , Noyes Eilidh 
Published: March 2019

Whilst we agree with much of what Ramon et al. (2019, British Journal of Psychology) say, we emphasize the additional importance of taking into account the often‐neglected psychometric properties of existing and future techniques.
Surgery for high‐risk locally advanced (pT3c) renal tumours: oncological outcomes and prognostic significance of a modified International Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Database Consortium (IMDC) score
Authors: Warren Hannah , Fernando Archana , Thomas Kay , Austin Conal , Chowdhury Simon , O'Brien Tim 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate contemporary oncological outcomes and long‐term survival in patients undergoing surgery for urological tumours involving the peridiaphragmatic inferior vena cava up to the level of the right atrium. To apply prognostic factors developed for metastatic renal cancer to patients with very‐high‐risk but apparently localized tumours, and develop a scoring system.Patients and MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 54 patients referred between December 2007 and April 2018 to a single surgical and oncological team was conducted. Electronic patient records were used to obtain peri‐operative data and oncological follow‐up. For operated patients lost to follow‐up, survival data were obtained from primary care physicians. We used Kaplan–Meier curves to estimate overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival. For the subgroup undergoing curative surgery (n = 32) the prognostic value of a renal cancer score developed at Guy's Hospital using five of the six criteria in the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium prognostic model (one point for each of anaemia, neutrophilia, thrombophilia, hypercalcaemia and Karnofsky performance status <80), in order to be relevant for M0 disease, was assessed using the log‐rank test.ResultsThe median (interquartile range [IQR]) OS of the whole cohort was 29 (11–57) months. The median (IQR) survival of the curative subgroup (n = 32) was 32 (16–57) months, vs 11 (4–upper limit not reached) months for the cytoreductive subgroup (n = 13; P = 0.14). The median (IQR) follow‐up time was 14 (1–65) months for patients alive at analysis. Disease‐free survival in the curative subgroup was 10 (6–30) months. The median (IQR) OS by risk category for curative cases, as defined by the Guy's renal cancer score, was not reached in the favourable risk group (score = 0 points) because there were no patient deaths, 43 (30–61) months in the intermediate‐risk group (score = 1 point), and 18 months (11–32) months in the poor‐risk group (score ≥ 2 points; P = 0.005).ConclusionA median survival of 29 months appears to justify this type of surgery. A prognostic model, the Guy's renal cancer score, using five readily available clinical measures, appears promising in patients with very‐high‐risk locally advanced tumours.
Carotenoids, fatty acids and disease burden in obese minority adolescents with asthma
Authors: Tobias Toni A. M. , Wood Lisa G. , Rastogi Deepa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric obesity‐related asthma causes high disease burden, is associated with metabolic abnormalities, has few therapeutic options, and disproportionately affects urban minority children. Although poor diet quality is linked to asthma, the association of nutritional status with disease burden among children with obesity‐related asthma is not well understood.ObjectiveTo quantify nutritional status, defined as concentrations of serum carotenoids and n‐3 fatty acids, and its association with pulmonary function and metabolic markers among obese asthmatic children.MethodsWe quantified serum carotenoids and fatty acids in a study cohort of 158 urban minority adolescents including 39 obese asthmatics, 39 healthy weight asthmatics, 38 obese controls and 42 healthy weight controls and compared between the groups. We correlated carotenoid and fatty acid levels with pulmonary function indices and with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.ResultsMean total carotenoids were lowest in obese asthmatic children (0.41 μg/mL), lower than healthy weight asthmatics (0.52 μg/mL,P < 0.05) and healthy weight controls (0.60 μg/mL,P < 0.001). n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio also differed between the groups (P < 0.05). Total carotenoids positively correlated with per cent‐predicted FEV1and inversely correlated with insulin resistance among obese asthmatics only. n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio inversely correlated with per cent‐predicted FEV1in obese asthmatics.Conclusions & Clinical RelevanceOur findings suggest that carotenoids, which are lowest in obese asthmatic children, may have protective effects on metabolic health and pulmonary function among obese asthmatic children. Similarly, n‐3 PUFA appear to be protective for pulmonary function.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided choledochoduodenostomy and hepaticogastrostomy for malignant distal biliary obstruction: Multicenter, randomized, clinical trial
Authors: Minaga Kosuke , Ogura Takeshi , Shiomi Hideyuki , Imai Hajime , Hoki Noriyuki , Takenaka Mamoru , Nishikiori Hidefumi , Yamashita Yukitaka , Hisa Takeshi , Kato Hironari , Kamada Hideki , Okuda Atsushi , Sagami Ryota , Hashimoto Hiroaki , Higuchi Kazuhide , Chiba Yasutaka , Kudo Masatoshi , Kitano Masayuki 
Published: March 2019

Background and AimEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD) can be carried out by two different approaches: choledochoduodenostomy (CDS) and hepaticogastrostomy (HGS). We compared the efficacy and safety of these approaches in malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO) patients using a prospective, randomized clinical trial.MethodsPatients with malignant distal biliary obstruction after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were randomly selected for either CDS or HGS. The procedures were carried out at nine tertiary centers from September 2013 to March 2016. Primary endpoint was technical success rate, and the noninferiority of HGS to CDS was examined with a one‐sided significance level of 5%, where the noninferiority margin was set at 15%. Secondary endpoints were clinical success, adverse events (AE), stent patency, survival time, and overall technical success including alternative EUS‐BD procedures.ResultsForty‐seven patients (HGS, 24; CDS, 23) were enrolled. Technical success rates were 87.5% and 82.6% in the HGS and CDS groups, respectively, where the lower limit of the 90% confidence interval of the risk difference was −12.2% (P = 0.0278). Clinical success rates were 100% and 94.7% in the HGS and CDS groups, respectively (P = 0.475). Overall AE rate, stent patency, and survival time did not differ between the groups. Overall technical success rates were 100% and 95.7% in the HGS and CDS groups, respectively (P = 0.983).ConclusionsThis study suggests that HGS is not inferior to CDS in terms of technical success. When one procedure is particularly challenging, readily switching to the other could increase technical success.