bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating Soil Organic Carbon Responses to Cropping Intensity, Tillage, and Climate Change in Pacific Northwest Dryland
Authors: Gollany Hero T. , Polumsky Robert W. 
Published: March 2018

Managing dryland cropping systems to increase soil organic C (SOC) under changing climate is challenging after decades of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow and moldboard plow tillage (W–F/MP). The objective was to use CQESTR, a process‐based C model, and SOC data collected in 2004, 2008, and 2012 to predict the best management to increase SOC under changing climate in four cropping systems, which included continuous wheat under no tillage (W–W/NT), wheat and sorghum × sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. × Sorghum sudanese L.] under no tillage, wheat–fallow under sweep tillage, and W–F/MP. Since future yields and climate are uncertain, 20 scenarios for each cropping system were simulated with four climate projections and five crop yield scenarios (current crop yields, and 10 or 30% greater or lesser yields). Measured and simulated SOC were significantly (p < 0.0001) correlated (r = 0.98) at all soil depths. Predicted SOC changes ranged from −12.03 to 2.56 Mg C ha−1 in the 1‐m soil depth for W–F/MP and W–W/NT, respectively, during the 2012 to 2052 predictive period. Only W–W/NT sequestered SOC at a rate of 0.06 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 under current crop yields and climate. Under climate change and yield scenarios, W–W/NT lost SOC except with a 30% wheat yield increase for 40 yr. Predicted SOC increases in W–W/NT were 0.71, 1.16, and 0.88 Mg C ha−1 under the Oregon Climate Assessment Reports for low emissions and high emissions and the Regional Climate Model version 3 with boundary conditions from the Third Generation Coupled Global Climate Model, respectively, with 30% yield increases. Continuous no‐till cropping would increase SOC and improve soil health and resiliency to lessen the impact of extreme weather.Core Ideas
Measured and CQESTR‐simulated SOC were significantly correlated at all soil depths.
Continuous wheat with no tillage increased SOC unless yield was reduced by 30% or more.
Wheat yield increase is needed to maintain SOC in continuous wheat under climate change.
Dryland cropping systems will have SOC losses unless yield and biomass input is increased.
Soil organic C loss rates increased with tillage intensity and increased fallow period.
Water‐Extractable Phosphorus in Animal Manure and Manure Compost: Quantities, Characteristics, and Temporal Changes
Authors: Liu Jian , Spargo John T. , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Meinen Robert , Moore Philip A. , Beegle Douglas B. 
Published: March 2018

Water‐extractable P (WEP) in manure and manure compost is widely used as an indicator of P release to runoff from manure and compost that are land applied. A survey of 600 manures and composts was conducted to assess trends in WEP (dry weight equivalent) related to manure and compost types from sources in the Mid‐Atlantic region. Manure and compost WEP ranged from 0.2 to 20.8 g kg−1. Mean WEP was highest in turkey and swine manures (manure: 4.1–5.6 g kg−1; no composts tested), followed by layer and broiler chicken manures (manure: 3.0–3.5 g kg−1; compost: 4.6–5.1 g kg−1), cattle manure (dairy and beef manure: 2.1–2.8 g kg−1; compost: 1.1–2.7 g kg−1), and horse manure (manure: 2.7 g kg−1; compost: 1.9 g kg−1). Across all manures and composts, WEP was negatively correlated with manure dry matter content (r = 0.42, p < 0.001). Moreover, WEP was strongly correlated (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) to degree of P saturation expressed as a molar ratio of total P to total metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, and Mn). Although WEP levels of beef, broiler chicken, and turkey manures from this survey are similar to those from a decade ago, WEP is now significantly lower for dairy (30%, p < 0.001), swine (46%, p < 0.001), and layer chickens (39%, p < 0.05). Lower WEP resulted from decreasing total P and/or increasing P sorption capacity, combined with increasing dry matter content. Results highlight the potential to use degree of P saturation to predict WEP and suggest an opportunity to reduce WEP by managing manure handling, storage, and chemistry.Core Ideas
Water‐extractable P (WEP) and WEP/total P ratio vary widely across animal manures.
Total P/total metals in manure and compost can be used to estimate degree of P saturation.
WEP is strongly correlated with degree of P saturation in manure and compost.
Current manure WEP in the US Northeast is generally lower than a decade ago.
The properties of different manures can be used to guide practices to minimize P solubility.
Impact of Direct and Indirect Tax on the Nigerian Economic Growth
Authors: Ogundana Oyebisi Mary , Ogundana Oyedele Mary , Ogundana Oyeyemi Mercy , Ibidunni Ayodotun Stephen , Adetoyinbo Adebola 
Published: March 2018

This research examined the direct and indirect impact of taxation on the Nigerian economic growth. This research centered on two major objectives by focusing on the trend of direct and indirect tax and the impact of the Nigerian tax system on the growth of the economy. The research adopted the descriptive research design. The secondary source of data was also engaged as this data was from CBN statistical bulletin and the annual reports from 1994-2013. The research also used the ordinary least square regression technique. With the use of E-views 7.1 to analyze the data, the first objective was achieved by using graphical analysis while the second objective used ordinary least square regression analysis. The results reveal that the direct and indirect tax have a positive impact on the economy of Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended that government should take advantage of taxation and promote tax system in Nigeria.
Dynamic Manning's roughness coefficients for hydrological modelling in basins
Authors: Ye Aizhong , Zhou Zheng , You Jinjun , Ma Feng , Duan Qingyun 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Manning's roughness coefficient (n) has a significant impact on routing in hydrological models. However, computational methods for dynamic roughness coefficients are of little concern in current research. Few studies have produced spatial-temporal distributions of the roughness coefficients in basins. In this study, a formula to calculate the n value was established based on a statistical analysis of estimated n values by Manning's formula. The routing model of a distributed hydrological model was then improved using the new formula to calculate n. The roughness coefficient is not a constant; instead, it changes dynamically with changes in water depth and vegetation in the improved hydrological model. The improved model was applied to the Yellow River basin. The results show that using dynamic n can improve the streamflow simulation of hydrological models, especially on slopes. The dynamic spatial-temporal distribution of n can now be used in other models.
Antibiotic resistance profile and occurrence of AmpC between Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a domestic full-scale WWTP in southeast Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Luiza Gerçossimo , Ferreira Letícia Gonçalves Resende , Nascimento Andrea Maria Amaral , Reis Mariana de Paula , Dias Marcela França , Lima William Gustavo , Paiva Magna Cristina 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance determinants. Although many studies have been conducted to evaluate resistance profiles in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from this setting, the dynamics of this phenomenon are poorly known to the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here we aimed to evaluate the resistance profiles and the production of AmpC β-lactamase in P. aeruginosa isolates from a domestic full-scale WWTP. Samples of the raw sewage and effluent were collected and the bacterium P. aeruginosa was isolated on cetrimide agar. Susceptibility to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides was evaluated by the disc diffusion method, and the presence of AmpC β-lactamase was investigated phenotypically and by molecular method. We recovered 27 isolates of P. aeruginosa. Of these, 81.5% were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. However, a considerable rate of resistance to carbapenems (11%) was found among the isolates. Twenty-two isolates were positive in the phenotypic test for inducible AmpC β-lactamase but the blaampc gene was only identified in four isolates, suggesting the presence of other independent resistance mechanisms besides this β-lactamase. In summary, we have shown that P. aeruginosa isolates from a domestic WWTP represents a potential reservoir of blaampC genes and other resistance determinants, including those that result in low susceptibility to carbapenems and aminoglycosides.
Effect of dairy wastewater on changes in COD fractions in technical-scale SBR type reactors
Authors: Struk-Sokołowska Joanna , Rodziewicz Joanna , Mielcarek Artur 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The annual global production of milk is approximately 630,000 million litres and the volume of generated dairy wastewater accounts for 3.2 m3·m−3 product. Dairy wastewater is characterized by a high load of chemical oxygen demand (COD). In many wastewater plants dairy wastewater and municipal wastewater are co-treated. The effect of dairy wastewater contribution on COD fraction changes in municipal sewage which has been treated with a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in three wastewater treatment plants in north-east Poland is presented. In these plants the real contribution of dairy wastewater was 10, 13 and 17%. In raw wastewater, SS fraction (readily biodegradable dissolved organic matter) was dominant and ranged from 38.3 to 62.6%. In the effluent, SS fraction was not noted, which is indicative of consumption by microorganisms. The presence of dairy wastewater in municipal sewage does not cause changes in the content of the XI fraction (insoluble fractions of non-biodegradable organic matter). SBR effluents were dominated by non-biodegradable dissolved organic matter SI, which from 57.7 to 61.7%. In raw wastewater SI ranged from 1.0 to 4.6%. Xs fraction (slowly biodegradable non-soluble organic matter) in raw wastewater ranged from 24.6 to 45.5% while in treated wastewater it ranged from 28.6 to 30.8%. In the control object (fourth wastewater plant) which does not process dairy wastewater, the SS, SI, Xs and XI fraction in inflow was 28.7, 2.4, 51.7 and 17.2% respectively. In the effluent the SS, SI, Xs and XI fraction was below 0.1, 33.6, 50.0 and 16.4% respectively.
Environmental Training and Synaptic Functions in Young and Old Brain: A Presynaptic Perspective
Authors: Bonfiglio Tommaso , Vergassola Matteo , Olivero Guendalina , Pittaluga Anna 
Published: March 2018

Background:Aging is an unavoidable, physiological process that reduces the complexity and the plasticity of the synaptic contacts in Central Nervous System (CNS), having profound implications for human well-being. The term “cognitive reserve” refers to central cellular adaptations that augment the resilience of human brain to damage and aging. The term “Cognitive training” indicates the cultural, social and physical stimulations proposed as add-on therapy for the cure of central neurological diseases. “Cognitive training” reinforces the “cognitive reserve” permitting to counteract brain impairments and rejuvenating synaptic complexity. The research has begun investigating the clinical impact of the “cognitive training” in aged people, but additional work is needed to definitively assess its effectiveness. In particular, there is a need to understand, from a preclinical point of view, whether “cognitive training” promotes compensatory effects or, alternatively, if it elicits genuine recovery of neuronal defects. Although the translation from rodent studies to the clinical situation could be difficult, the results from pre-clinical models are of high clinical relevance, since they should allow a better understanding of the effects of environmental interventions in aging-associated chronic derangements in mammals.Conclusion:Data in literature and the recent results obtained in our laboratory concerning the impact of environmental stimulation on the presynaptic release of noradrenaline, glutamate and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) suggest that these neurotransmitters undergo different adaptations during aging and that they are differently tuned by “cognitive training”. The impact of “cognitive training” on neurotransmitter exocytosis might account for the cellular events involved in reinforcement of “cognitive reserve” in young and old animals.
Design of FRET Probes for SNP RS1006737, Related to Mood Disorder
Authors: Orrù Germano , Carta Mauro Giovanni , Bramanti Alessia 
Published: March 2018

Background:Several studies have shown that the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in the CACAN1C gene, rs1006737, is related to different mood disorder illnesses, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Current day molecular procedures for allele detection of this gene can be very expensive and time consuming. Hence, a sensitive and specific molecular procedure for detecting these mutations in a large number of subjects is desirable, especially for research groups who have no complex laboratory equipment.Objective:The possibility of using a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) probe was evaluated by means of bioinformatic tools, designed for forecasting the molecular behavior of DNA probes used in the research field or for laboratory analysis methods.Method:In this study we used the DINAMelt Web Server to predict theTms of FRET oligo in the presence of the A and/or G allele in rs1006737. The PCR primers were designed by using oligo 4 and oligo 6 primer analysis software,Results:The molecular probe described in this study detected aTm difference of 5-6°C between alleles A and G in rs1006737, which also showed good discrimination for a heterozygous profile for this genomic region.Conclusion:Althoughin silicostudies represent a relatively new avenue of inquiry, they have now started to be used to predict how a molecular probe interacts with its biological target, reducing the time and costs of molecular test tuning. The results of this study seem promising for further laboratory tests on allele detection in rs1006737 region.
AMPA Receptor Antagonist CFM-2 Decreases Survivin Expression in Cancer Cells
Authors: Ruiz Domingo Sanchez , Luksch Hella , Sifringer Marco , Temme Achim , Staufner Christian , Rzeski Wojciech , Marzahn Jenny , Grabarska Aneta , Ikonomidou Chrysanthy , Stepulak Andrzej 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Glutamate receptors are widely expressed in different types of cancer cells. α-Amino-3-
hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors which are coupled
to intracellular signaling pathways that influence cancer cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Blockade
of AMPA receptors by pharmacologic compounds may potentially constitute an effective tool in anticancer
treatment strategies.

Method:
Here we investigated the impact of the AMPA receptor antagonist CFM-2 on the expression of the
protein survivin, which is known to promote cancer cell survival and proliferation. We show that CFM-2 inhibits
survivin expression at mRNA and protein levels and decreases the viability of cancer cells. Using a stably
transfected cell line which overexpresses survivin, we demonstrate that over-expression of survivin enhances
cancer cell viability and attenuates CFM-2–mediated inhibition of cancer cell growth.

Result:
These findings point towards suppression of survivin expression as a new mechanism contributing to
anticancer effects of AMPA antagonists.
PLK1 Inhibition Radiosensitizes Breast Cancer Cells, but Shows Low Efficacy as Monotherapy or in Combination with other Cytotoxic Drugs
Authors: Brassesco María Sol , Pezuk Julia Alejandra , Salomão Karina Bezerra , Roberto Gabriela Molinari , Scrideli Carlos Alberto , Tone Luiz Gonzaga 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose:
Over the last decade, the inhibition of PLK1 has proven potent antiproliferative
activity in vitro. However, the effectiveness of most synthetic targeted drugs has not yet been
translated into clinics. Herein, we investigated the in vitro effects of two second-generation PLK1 inhibitors BI
6727 and GSK461364 in breast cancer cell lines as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs or ionizing
radiation.

Material and Methods:
Cell survival was analyzed through XTT®, clonogenicity and caspase-3 activation assays
were also studied, and drug interactions analyzed through a nonlinear regression of a sigmoid doseresponse
model. Sensibilization to radiation was assessed through enhancement ratio calculation.

Results:
Mild effects on the viability of both cell lines tested (MCF-7 and Hs578T) were observed irrespective
of the used PLK1 inhibitor. Alternatively, abrogation of PLK1 significantly reduced clonogenicity while effectively
sensitized cells to ionizing radiation. Drug interactions showed dissimilar results with antagonistic effects
with any drug combination in MCF-7 and clear synergic interactions between both PLK1 inhibitors and cisplatin,
temozolomide or doxorubicin in Hs578T, which is TP53 mutated.

Conclusion:
Targeting kinases involved in mitotic checkpoints are expected to prevent mitotic exit and enhance
chemosensitization. Nonetheless, despite overexpressing PLK1, in our model, expressive results after its inhibition
were only seen through clonogenic assays or when BI 6727 and GSK461364 were combined with ionizing
radiation. Disparate responses of cell lines to drug combinations might denote a partial reflection of the substantial
differences in the vast spectrum of genetic, biological and epigenetic burden observed in breast cancer. In
the near future, individual genomic/proteomic profiling will allow its further classification and will consent the
initiation of novel strategies for therapy. Even though the future impact of PLK1-tailored treatment still needs
validation, much more pre-clinical and clinical research for this kinase are warranted.
Should Iodine be Supported in Pregnancy? A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Parıldar Hülya , Aksan Desteli Güldeniz , Bildacı Tevfik Berk , Ciğerli Özlem 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
Iodine deficiency causes adverse effects in
pregnant women and neurological-cognitive disorders in their babies. Our aim
was to define the status of iodine deficiency among pregnant women, who
attended our hospital outpatient polyclinics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study
was performed in 2014 with 94 pregnant women. Iodine levels in spot urine and
serum thyroid hormones have been analyzed. The iodine levels of spot urine less
than 150 µg/L were accepted as iodine deficiency. Results: The mean age was 30.6±3.92 years, mean gestational age was
18.9±9.64 weeks. Mean urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) were 160.32±5.88 μg/L
and the ratio of pregnant women whose UIC less than 150 μg/L was 33% (n=31) and
the percentage of the women, who declared iodised salt use was 90.2%. Conclusion: In this study, in one-third
of pregnant women the urine iodine concentrations were inadequate despite the
high rate of iodised salt intake. Nevertheless, most prenatal vitamins and
salts do not include adequate iodine, iodine monitoring and supplementation may
be recommended before and during pregnancy.Giriş: İyot eksikliği, gebelerde olumsuz etkilere, bebeklerinde ise nörokognitif
bozukluklara neden olmaktadır. Çalışmamızda hastanemiz polikliniklerine
başvuran gebe kadınlarda iyot eksikliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı
çalışmaya, 2014 yılında takip edilen, 94 gebe dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya
alınan gebelerin, anlık (spot) idrarda iyot düzeyleri ve tiroid fonksiyon
testleri analiz edilmiştir. Spot idrarda iyot düzeyi &lt;150 µg/L ise iyot eksikliği
olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda
ortalama yaş 30,6±3,92 yıl, ortalama gebelik yaşı 18,9±9,64 hafta idi. Ortalama
idrar iyot atılımı 160,32±5,88 μg/L olarak saptanmış olup, iyot eksikliği
olanların oranı %33 olarak bulunmuştur. İyot katkılı tuz kullandığını belirten
gebelerin oranı %90,2 idi. Sonuç: İyot
katkılı tuz kullanımının yüksek oranda olmasına karşın, gebelerin üçte birinde
idrar iyot düzeyleri yetersiz düzeyde saptanmıştır. Bulgularımız, gebelerde
iyot eksikliği prevalansının önemli bir düzeyde olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.
Ülkemizde prenatal vitaminlerin çoğunda ve tuzlarda yeterli iyot
bulunmamaktadır, bu nedenle gebelik sırasında veya öncesinde iyot durumunun
değerlendirilmesi ve desteklenmesi önerilebilir.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Urban Crime Pattern and its Implication for Abuja Municipal Area Council, Nigeria
Authors: Adewuyi Taiye Oluwafemi , Eneji Patrick Ali , Baduku Anthonia Silas , Olofin Emmanuel Ajayi 
Published: March 2018

This study examined the spatio-temporal analysis of urban crime pattern and its implication for Abuja Municipal Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria; it has the aim of using Geographical Information System to improve criminal justice system. The aim was achieved by establishing crime incident spots, types of crime committed, the time it occurred and factors responsible for prevailing crime. The methods for data collection involved Geoinformatics through the use of remote sensing and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) for spatial data. Questionnaires were administered for other attribute information required. The analysis carried out in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment especially for mapping and the establishment of spatial patterns. The results indicated that the main types of crime committed were theft and house breaking (42.9%), followed by assault (12.4%), mischief (11.3%), forgery (10.5%), car snatching (9.05%), armed robbery (8.5%), trespass (5.2%) and culpable homicide (0.2%). In terms of hot spots the districts recorded the following: Garki (27.62%), Maitama (25.7%), Utako (24.3%), Wuse (20.9%) and Asokoro district (1.4%) respectively with most of the crime committed during the day time. Many attributed the crimes to mainly high rate of unemployment and poverty (79.1%). Consequently to reduce the crime rate, the socio-economic situation of the city must be improved through properly constructed interventions scheme in areas known to quickly generate employment such as agriculture, small and medium scale enterprises, mining and tourism.
Staļina nāve kā padomju mitoloģijas fenomens dzīvesstāstu kontekstā
Authors: Barovskis Ingus 
Published: March 2018

Rakstā aplūkota Josifa Staļina nāve kā padomju mitoloģijas fenomens, par avotu bāzi izmantojot 2014.–2017. gadā iegūtās dzīvesstāstu intervijas dažādos Latvijas reģionos. Ņemot vērā padomju politiskā režīma izteikto mītradi un vadoņa kultu, Staļina nāves fakts kļūst par dažādu mītu un anekdotisku notikumu un citu fenomenu pamatu. Tā kā noteiktā laika posmā Staļina tēls iemieso izteiktāko padomju varas Olimpa ideju, būtisks ir jautājums par rituālajām darbībām, kas paredzētas šī fenomena kontekstā. Tāpēc rakstā gan aplūkots vadoņa kults un tā izpausmes dzīvesstāstu kontekstā, gan arī izmantoti attiecīgajā laikā izsūtīto cilvēku atmiņu pieraksti un publicējumi.
Ieskats Graudu ģimenes rēderejas darbībā trimdā
Authors: Beitlers Dāvis 
Published: March 2018

Rakstā sniegts neliels ieskats Friča Grauda (1888–1942), lielākā starpkaru Latvijas laika kuģīpašnieka, kuģu un rēderejas liktenī pēc Latvijas okupācijas un aneksijas 1940. gadā. Tā kā F. Grauda kuģi nonāca Rietumvalstīs, caur konkrētā piemēra prizmu aplūkotas latviešu trimdas saimnieciskās aktivitātes, pieskaroties arī zināmu elementu pārmantotībai no starpkaru Latvijas perioda. Šāds skats uz latviešu trimdas vēsturi Latvijas historiogrāfijā nav ierasta parādība – esam raduši uzlūkot, vētīt un analizēt pamatā trimdā vērojamos kultūras procesus, nedaudz arī diplomātiski politiskās norises un šo jomu mijiedarbi ar padomju posma un mūsdienu Latvijas realitāti.