bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Diabetes in Alzheimer’s Disease, Vascular Dementia, and Mixed Dementia: Prevalence and Presentation
Authors: Javanshiri Keivan , Waldö Maria Landqvist , Friberg Niklas , Sjövall Fredrik , Wickerström Karin , Haglund Mattias , Englund Elisabet 
Published: August 2018

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia with vascular dementia (VaD) being second alongside with mixed AD and VaD, according to some. For some time, it has been proposed that cardiovascular disease (CaVD), hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM), which are known risk factors for VaD, also are associated with and contribute to the development of AD. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of these proposed general risk factors, and to document presence of CaVD as evidenced from clinical records or from autopsy findings, further to correlate these with the diagnoses AD, VaD and mixed AD-VaD (MD), respectively. Methods: Autopsy reports at the Clinical Department of Pathology in Lund from 1992–2017 were analyzed. All cases with a complete autopsy report and a neuropathologically diagnosed dementia disorder (AD, VaD, or MD) were selected on the condition of a clinical diagnosis of dementia. Clinical data were retrieved through medical records and the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR). A total of 268 subjects were included. Results: In AD, there was less CaVD as significantly less organ/tissue findings ( p < 0.05), significantly less hypertension ( p < 0.001), and likewise significantly less DM ( p = 0.0014) than in VaD, with the MD group results being set between these two in all aspects studied. Conclusion: AD and VaD exhibit such different profiles of organ and vascular damage as well as of hypertension and DM that they clearly point toward different pathogenic origin with low likelihood of shared risk factors.
Etiology of early onset neonatal sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit – Mansoura, Egypt
Authors: Seliem W.A. , Sultan A.M. 
Published: August 2018

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to find out the bacterial causes of early onset neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility pattern for different classes of antibiotics in neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Mansoura-Egypt. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. All admitted newborns to our study were infants at <72 hours of age with clinical features of sepsis or product of an in-house delivery at Mansoura University Hospital with risk factors for neonatal sepsis. Identification of Gram-negative isolates was confirmed by API 20E kits (bioMerieux). Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteria resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes were counted as multidrug resistant. RESULTS: One hundred eighty eight babies were admitted to our study. Positive blood culture was reported in 34.6% of newborn infants with prevalence of 4.02/1,000 live births. The most common isolated bacteria in early onset neonatal sepsis were coagulase negative staphylococci followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. The Gram-positive bacteria showed high resistance to ampicillin 93.9% while all the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. The isolated Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin [96.9%], amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [90.6%], cefotaxime [84.4%] and ceftazidime [84.4%]. Best sensitivity among all isolates was observed to imipenem. Multidrug resistance was observed among 45.5% of the Gram-positive and 68.8% of Gram-negative isolates. CONCLUSION: Appropriate identification of the source of infection and initiation of an effective management can reduce both mortality and morbidity associated with neonatal sepsis. The challenge is to initiate immediate empirical antibiotic therapy according to a strictly implemented updated antibiotic policy based on an individualized community established antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of microorganisms causing early onset neonatal sepsis.
Early feeding, hypoglycemia and breastfeeding initiation in infants born to women with pregestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cordero L. , Stenger M.R. , Landon M.B. , Nankervis C.A. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of early breastfeeding (eBF) or early formula feeding (eFF) on hypoglycemia and on BF initiation in infants born to women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) who intended to BF. METHODS: Retrospective cohort investigation of 554 women with PGDM and their infants (IDMs) who delivered during 2008–2016. The first feeding (BF or FF) was considered early if given within 4 hours from birth. RESULTS: 282 (51%) IDMs were admitted to the Well Baby Nursery. Of the 134 IDMs whose early feeding was BF, hypoglycemia affected 30% which was corrected with oral feedings in 78% of the cases. At discharge, 49% BF exclusively while 45% BF partially. Of the 148 IDMs whose early feeding was FF, hypoglycemia affected 40% which was corrected with oral feedings in 69% of the cases. At discharge, 14% BF exclusively while 48% BF partially. There were 272 (49%) IDMs admitted to the NICU. Their early feeding was BF (14%) and FF (86%). Hypoglycemia developed in 50% and 43% of these groups, respectively. Benefits of early feedings on hypoglycemia were masked by the routine use of IV dextrose infusions. At discharge, early BF led to exclusive BF in 45% and partial BF in 50% of the cases. Early FF led to exclusive BF in 17% and partial BF in 42% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Early and continued feeding (BF preferably or FF if BF is not feasible) should be the first line of treatment for hypoglycemia. Early BF is paramount for BF initiation. Early FF is an obstacle, albeit not absolute, to BF initiation, thus it should not deter continued efforts to start or resume BF.
COLEÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DO INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS DO MAR ALMIRANTE PAULO MOREIRA (IEAPM)
Authors: Monteiro Júlio César , Costa Luciana V. Granthom , Kassuga Alexandre Dias , De Messano Luciana V. R. , Apolinário Moacir , Coutinho Ricardo 
Published: August 2018

Coleções científicas são fundamentais aos estudos da biodiversidade e desde 2014, o “Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM)” mantém um acervo científico dedicado aos organismos bentônicos e incrustantes, objetivando garantir informações para as linhas de pesquisa relacionadas a Taxonomia/Sistemática, Filogeografia, Biogeografia e Bioinvasão. No momento, a coleção científica contém cerca de 1.200 espécimes dos principais grupos taxonômicos bentônicos, como Algae, Porifera, Cnidaria, Polychaeta, Mollusca, Crustacea, Bryozoa, Ascidiacea, além de uma coleção de tecidos. Os moluscos são a parte mais representativa do acervo, correspondendo a aproximadamente 32%,especialmente Gastropoda e Bivalvia, com destaque para as famílias Mytilidae, Ostreidae, Vermetidae e Calyptraeidae. A Coleção Científica do IEAPM representa um importante panorama da biodiversidade marinha, principalmente para o Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
SUSHI: RISCO MICROBIOLÓGICO?
Authors: Araújo Thais Danyelle Santos , Freitas Mário José De Sousa , Da Silva Samila Radany Oliveira , Rebouças Rosa Helena 
Published: August 2018

A presença de estafilococos coagulase positiva e coliformes a 45ºC em alimento que será consumido cru representa potencial risco à saúde do consumidor. Buscou-se averiguar a presença de bactérias pertencentes aos grupos dos estafilococos e coliformes em sushis confeccionados à base de salmão comercializados em Parnaíba/PI. Foram realizadas análises para determinar as contagens de Bactérias Heterotróficas Cultiváveis (BHC), estafilococos coagulase positiva e NMP de coliformes a 45ºC. Os resultados foram comparados aos limites aceitáveis pela RDC nº 12 de 2001 (ANVISA). As contagens de BHC variaram de 1,3 x 10 5 a 4,0 x 10 7 UFC/g e 4,6 x 10 4 a 2,2 x 10 5 UFC/g para os estabelecimentos A e B. As contagens de estafilococos coagulase positiva para as amostras coletadas no estabelecimento A indicaram níveis acima do permitido e ausência para o estabelecimento B. A presença de coliformes a 45ºC foi confirmada para os dois estabelecimentos, no entanto, 25% das amostras do estabelecimento B expressaram níveis acima do permitido. O presente estudo demonstra o risco microbiológico em sushi preparado à base de salmão cru ao confirmar a presença de bactérias patogênicas em concentrações acima do permitido pela legislação nacional vigente.
A POPULAÇÃO DO MEXILHÃO Perna perna NO COSTÃO ROCHOSO DE PIÚMA-ES, E SUA UTILIDADE PARA AQUICULTURA
Authors: Matielo Marcelo Darós , De Souza Thiago Bernardo , Mendonça Pedro Pierro , Selvatici Paula Del  Caro , Junior Lucas Pedro Gonçalves 
Published: August 2018

A mitilicultura é uma forma alternativa de várias famílias trabalharem reduzindo o extrativismo e pressão sobre as populações naturais de mexilhão. O objetivo dessa investigação foi caracterizar a distribuição dos diferentes tamanhos de sementes do mexilhão Perna perna em um costão rochoso de Piúma, Espírito Santo, e avaliar sua exploração para utilizá-las em projetos de cultivo. O trabalho foi realizado no Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo–Campus de Piúma, onde foram analisadas 16 amostras em quatro tratamentos: T1 - início das sementes no costão; T2 - 1 metro abaixo do inicial; T3 - 2 metros abaixo; T4 - 3 metros abaixo, cada um com quatro repetições em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram observadas, pelo teste de Shannon-Wiener, heterogeneidade na quantidade de sementes na faixa de 1,5 - 2,4 cm na distribuição vertical; também nas de 1,5 - 2,4 cm e 3,6 - 4,5 cm na distribuição vertical por peso. A fauna acompanhante também apresentou heterogeneidade.
Detectability of Biosignatures in Anoxic Atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope: A TRAPPIST-1e Case Study
Authors: Krissansen-Totton Joshua , Garland Ryan , Irwin Patrick , Catling David C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) may be capable of finding biogenic gases in the atmospheres of habitable exoplanets around low-mass stars. Considerable attention has been given to the detectability of biogenic oxygen, which could be found using an ozone proxy, but ozone detection with JWST will be extremely challenging, even for the most favorable targets. Here, we investigate the detectability of biosignatures in anoxic atmospheres analogous to those that likely existed on the early Earth. Arguably, such anoxic biosignatures could be more prevalent than oxygen biosignatures if life exists elsewhere. Specifically, we simulate JWST retrievals of TRAPPIST-1e to determine whether the methane plus carbon dioxide disequilibrium biosignature pair is detectable in transit transmission. We find that ∼10 transits using the Near InfraRed Spectrograph prism instrument may be sufficient to detect carbon dioxide and constrain methane abundances sufficiently well to rule out known, nonbiological CH4 production scenarios to ∼90% confidence. Furthermore, it might be possible to put an upper limit on carbon monoxide abundances that would help rule out nonbiological methane-production scenarios, assuming the surface biosphere would efficiently draw down atmospheric CO. Our results are relatively insensitive to high-altitude clouds and instrument noise floor assumptions, although stellar heterogeneity and variability may present challenges.
A Planetary Microlensing Event with an Unusually Red Source Star: MOA-2011-BLG-291
Authors: Bennett David P. , Udalski Andrzej , Bond Ian A. , Suzuki Daisuke , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Abe Fumio , Barry Richard K. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Donachie Martin , Fukui Akihiko , Hirao Yuki , Kawasaki Kohei , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Li Man Cheung Alex , Matsubara Yutaka , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Nagakane Masayuki , Ohnishi Koji , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Suematsu Haruno , Sumi Takahiro , Tristram Paul J. , Yonehara Atsunori ,   (The MOA Collaboration), Szymański Michał K. , Soszyński Igor , Wyrzykowski Łukasz , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Poleski Radek , Kozłowski Szymon , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Skowron Jan ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Shvartzvald Yossi , Maoz Dan , Kaspi Shai , Friedmann Matan ,   (The Wise Group), Batista Virginie , DePoy Darren , Dong Subo , Gaudi B. Scott , Gould Andrew , Han Cheongho , Pogge Richard W. , Tan Thiam-Guan , Yee Jennifer C. ,   (The μFUN Collaboration)
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present the analysis of the planetary microlensing event MOA-2011-BLG-291, which has a mass ratio of q = (3.8 ± 0.7) × 10−4 and a source star that is redder (or brighter) than the bulge main sequence. This event is located at a low Galactic latitude in the survey area that is currently planned for NASA’s Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) exoplanet microlensing survey. This unusual color for a microlensed source star implies that we cannot assume that the source star is in the Galactic bulge. The favored interpretation is that the source star is a lower main-sequence star at a distance of D

S
= 4.9 ± 1.3 kpc in the Galactic disk. However, the source could also be a turn-off star on the far side of the bulge or a subgiant in the far side of the Galactic disk if it experiences significantly more reddening than the bulge red clump stars. However, these possibilities have only a small effect on our mass estimates for the host star and planet. We find host star and planet masses of

and

from a Bayesian analysis with a standard Galactic model, under the assumption that the planet hosting probability does not depend on the host mass or distance. However, if we attempt to measure the host and planet masses with host star brightness measurements from high angular resolution follow-up imaging, the implied masses will be sensitive to the host star distance. The WFIRST exoplanet microlensing survey is expected to use this method to determine the masses for many of the planetary systems that it discovers, so this issue has important design implications for the WFIRST exoplanet microlensing survey.
Bihelical Spectrum of Solar Magnetic Helicity and Its Evolution
Authors: Singh Nishant K. , Käpylä Maarit J. , Brandenburg Axel , Käpylä Petri J. , Lagg Andreas , Virtanen Ilpo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Using a recently developed two-scale formalism to determine the magnetic helicity spectrum, we analyze synoptic vector magnetograms built with data from the Vector Spectromagnetograph instrument on the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun telescope during 2010 January–2016 July. In contrast to an earlier study using only three Carrington rotations (CRs), our analysis includes 74 synoptic CR maps. We recover here bihelical spectra at different phases of solar cycle 24, where the net magnetic helicity in the majority of the data is consistent with a large-scale dynamo with helical turbulence operating in the Sun. More than 20% of the analyzed maps, however, show violations of the expected sign rule.
Formation of an Active Region Filament Driven By a Series of Jets
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Yan Xiaoli , Qu Zhongquan , UeNo Satoru , Ichimoto Kiyoshi , Deng Linhua , Cao Wenda , Liu Zhong 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present a formation process of a filament in active region NOAA 12574 during the period from 2016 August 11 to 12. Combining the observations of the Global Oscillation Network Group Hα, the Hida spectrum, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory/AIA 304 Å, the formation process of the filament is studied. It is found that cool material (T ∼ 104 K) is ejected by a series of jets originating from the western footpoint of the filament. Simultaneously, the magnetic flux emerged from the photosphere in the vicinity of the western footpoint of the filament. These observations suggest that cool material in the low atmosphere can be directly injected into the upper atmosphere and the jets are triggered by the magnetic reconnection between pre-existing magnetic fields and new emerging magnetic fields. A detailed study of a jet at 18:02 UT on August 11 with GST/BBSO TiO observations revealed that some dark threads appeared in the vicinity of the western footpoint after the jet and the projection velocity of plasma along the filament axis was about 162.6 ± 5.4 km s−1. Using these observations of the Domeless Solar Telescope/Hida, we find that the injected plasma by a jet at 00:42 UT on August 12 was rotating. Therefore, we conclude that the jets not only supplied the material for the filament, but also injected the helicity into the filament simultaneously. Comparing the quantity of mass injection by the jets with the mass of the filament, we conclude that the estimated mass loading by the jets is sufficient to account for the mass in the filament.
On the Efficiency of Thermal Conduction in Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Fang Xiang-Er , Guo Fulai , Yuan Ye-Fei , Mou Guobin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Galaxy clusters host a large reservoir of diffuse plasma with radially varying temperature profiles. The efficiency of thermal conduction in the intracluster medium (ICM) is complicated by the existence of turbulence and magnetic fields, and has received a lot of attention in the literature. Previous studies suggest that the magnetothermal instability developed in outer regions of galaxy clusters would drive magnetic field lines to be preferentially radial, resulting in efficient conduction along the radial direction. Using a series of spherically symmetric simulations, here we investigate the impact of thermal conduction on the observed temperature distributions in the outer regions of three massive clusters, and find that thermal conduction substantially modifies the ICM temperature profile. Within 3 Gyr, the gas temperature at a representative radius of 0.3r
500 typically decreases by ∼10%–20% and the average temperature slope between 0.3r
500 and r
500 drops by ∼30%–40%, indicating that the observed ICM would not stay in a long-term equilibrium state in the presence of thermal conduction. However, X-ray observations show that the outer regions of massive clusters have remarkably similar radially declining temperature profiles, suggesting that they should be quite stable. Our study thus suggests that the effective conductivity along the radial direction must be suppressed below the Spitzer value by a factor of 10 or more, unless additional heating sources offset conductive cooling and maintain the observed temperature distributions. Our study provides smoking-gun evidence for the suppression of parallel conduction along magnetic field lines in low-collisionality plasmas by kinetic mirror or whistler instabilities.
Verification of the Flow Regimes Based on High-fidelity Observations of Bright Meteors
Authors: Moreno-Ibáñez Manuel , Silber Elizabeth A. , Gritsevich Maria , Trigo-Rodríguez Josep M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Infrasound monitoring has proved to be effective in detection of meteor-generated shock waves. When combined with optical observations of meteors, this technique is also reliable for detecting centimeter-sized meteoroids that usually ablate at high altitudes, thus offering relevant clues that open the exploration of the meteoroid flight regimes. Since a shock wave is formed as a result of a passage of the meteoroid through the atmosphere, the knowledge of the physical parameters of the surrounding gas around the meteoroid surface can be used to determine the meteor flow regime. This study analyzes the flow regimes of a data set of 24 centimeter-sized meteoroids for which well-constrained infrasound and photometric information is available. This is the first time that the flow regimes for meteoroids in this size range are validated from observations. From our approach, the Knudsen and Reynolds numbers are calculated, and two different flow regime evaluation approaches are compared in order to validate the theoretical formulation. The results demonstrate that a combination of fluid dynamic dimensionless parameters is needed to allow a better inclusion of the local physical processes of the phenomena.
Statistics of Coronal Dimmings Associated with Coronal Mass Ejections. I. Characteristic Dimming Properties and Flare Association
Authors: Dissauer K. , Veronig A. M. , Temmer M. , Podladchikova T. , Vanninathan K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Coronal dimmings, localized regions of reduced emission in the extreme-ultraviolet and soft X-rays (SXRs), are interpreted as density depletions due to mass loss during the coronal mass ejection (CME) expansion. They contain crucial information on the early evolution of CMEs low in the corona. For 62 dimming events, characteristic parameters are derived, statistically analyzed, and compared with basic flare quantities. On average, coronal dimmings have a size of 2.15 × 1010 km2, contain a total unsigned magnetic flux of 1.75 × 1021 Mx, and show a total brightness decrease of −1.91 × 106 DN, which results in a relative decrease of ∼60% compared to the pre-eruption intensity level. Their main evacuation phase lasts for ∼50 minutes. The dimming area, the total dimming brightness, and the total unsigned magnetic flux show the highest correlation with the flare SXR fluence (c ≳ 0.7). Their corresponding time derivatives, describing the dimming dynamics, strongly correlate with the GOES flare class (c ≳ 0.6). For 60% of the events we identified core dimmings, i.e., signatures of an erupting flux rope. They contain 20% of the magnetic flux covering only 5% of the total dimming area. Secondary dimmings map overlying fields that are stretched during the eruption and closed down by magnetic reconnection, thus adding flux to the erupting flux rope via magnetic reconnection. This interpretation is supported by the strong correlation between the magnetic fluxes of secondary dimmings and flare reconnection fluxes (c = 0.63 ± 0.08), the balance between positive and negative magnetic fluxes (c = 0.83 ± 0.04) within the total dimmings, and the fact that for strong flares (>M1.0) the reconnection and secondary dimming fluxes are roughly equal.
Revisiting the Iron Abundance in the Hyper Iron-poor Star HE 1327–2326 with UV COS/HST Data*
Authors: Ezzeddine Rana , Frebel Anna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present a new iron abundance analysis of the hyper metal-poor star HE 1327−2326, based on Fe ii lines detected in its UV spectral range for the first time. In a Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) spectrum, five new Fe ii lines could be measured. A Si i line was also detected for the first time. We determine a 1D local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) Fe ii abundance of [Fe ii/H] = −5.99 ± 0.25. We also investigate departures from LTE for both Fe i and Fe ii lines. Guided by 3D non-LTE (NLTE) analyses of other well-studied metal-poor stars, we identify potential “residual” 3D effects in HE 1327−2326 arising from the absence of full 3D NLTE Fe calculations. Accordingly, we employ measurements of 10 weak Fe i lines previously detected in an optical spectrum of HE 1327−2326, as no Fe i lines are detectable in our UV spectrum. Following our previous work, we adopt the 1D NLTE Fe i abundance of

= −5.20 ± 0.12 for HE 1327−2326. Adopting a value based on the optical Fe i rather than UV lines was heavily informed by our extensive investigation of model atmosphere and radiative transfer effects on different lines across the entire UV–optical wavelength range. An iron abundance of

= −5.20 ± 0.12 is only 0.2 dex higher than what was used in previous studies. Accordingly, no previous conclusions regarding the nature of the star are affected.