bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and analysis of residual leucocytes from leucoreduced red blood cell units
Authors: Hirani Rena , Dean Melinda M. , Irving David O. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLeucoreduction is used to remove donor leucocytes during red blood cell (RBC) manufacture. However, not all are removed, and long‐term survival of donor leucocytes, termed transfusion‐associated microchimerism (TAM), has been shown to occur in some patients following RBC transfusion. The mechanism of TAM occurrence is unknown. One hypothesis is that viable donor haematopoietic cells remain within RBC units that could engraft. However, the analysis of cells remaining within leucoreduced RBC units has been minimal. This study aimed to isolate and analyse any residual leucocytes recovered from leucoreduced RBC units.Materials and MethodsLeucoreduced RBC units were analysed on Day 1 (n = 4) and Day 42 (n = 4) post collection. Residual leucocytes were isolated using the EasySep™ RBC Depletion Reagent. Cell type analysis was conducted by flow cytometry using a leucocount reagent, a viability marker (7‐amino‐actinomycin D [7AAD]) and specific antibodies to CD45 and CD34. A representative ‘pre‐filter’ sample was also obtained at the time of whole‐blood donation to ensure expected cell counts across the donor samples.ResultsAnalysis of the pre‐filter sample showed that CD45+/CD34+ cells accounted for 0.02%–0.07% of all leucocytes. Up to 253,850 residual leucocytes were isolated across both storage timepoints, and of these, up to 48 cells were CD45+/CD34+/7AAD–.ConclusionViable CD45+/CD34+ cells were isolated from leucoreduced RBC units, indicating the potential for donor progenitor cells to be present during transfusion. Further characterization of these residual cells is required to explain how TAM may occur in some patients following RBC transfusion.
Políticas Constitucionais para a Proteção do Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial
Authors: Petters Melo Milena , Mengarda Uliana 
Published: November 2024

As políticas constitucionais para a proteção do patrimônio cultural imaterial podem ser potencializadas através de diversos âmbitos do Direito e institutos jurídicos, envolvendo esforços no âmbito público e privado, ações do Estado e da sociedade, como instrumento e valor para a vida em comunidade. Dentre estes institutos, este artigo destaca a indicação geográfica como potencial instrumento auxiliar para a proteção do patrimônio cultural imaterial. O questionamento central em que se coloca o problema de pesquisa é: qual a contribuição da Indicação Geográfica para a salvaguarda do patrimônio cultural imaterial? Para responder a este questionamento, foi aplicado o método dedutivo na análise dos dois institutos contextualizados no sistema jurídico-constitucional brasileiro. Resultado de pesquisas bibliográficas e de documentos, na perspectiva metodológica do estudo do Direito como política constitucional, o objetivo deste artigo enfatizar a importância da indicação geográfica como instrumento auxiliar para a proteção do patrimônio cultural imaterial, bem como para o fortalecimento de parcerias multisetoriais voltadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coupled With Visual‐Feedback Cycling Exercise Improves Walking Ability and Walking Stability After Stroke: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Wang Yixiu , Chen Xiaoming , Wang Menghuan , Pan Yingying , Li Shiyi , He Mengfei , Lin Feng , Jiang Zhongli 
Published: November 2024

Background: Stroke survivors exhibit persistent abnormal gait patterns, particularly in diminished walking ability and stability, limiting mobility and increasing the risk of falling. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) coupled with cycling exercise on walking ability and stability in patients with stroke and explore the potential mechanisms underlying motor cortex recovery.Methods: In this double‐blinded randomized pilot trial, 32 stroke patients were randomly separated into the real‐rTMS group (RG, receiving rTMS during active cycling exercise) and the sham‐rTMS group (SG, receiving sham rTMS during active cycling exercise). Participants completed 10 exercise sessions (5 times per week). Lower extremity function was measured using the Fugl‐Meyer assessment of lower extremity (FMA‐LE), and functional balance ability was measured by the Berg balance scale (BBS). The 2‐min walk test (2MWT) and standing balance test were employed to evaluate walking and balance ability. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured to evaluate cortical excitability. The above assessments were administered at baseline and after the intervention. Additionally, the cycling exercise performance was recorded after the initial and final exercise sessions to evaluate the motor control during exercise.Results: The RG showed significant improvements in lower extremity function (FMA‐LE) and functional balance ability (BBS) compared to the SG at postintervention. The walking and balance abilities, as well as the motor asymmetry of cycling exercise, significantly improved in RG. Additionally, participants in RG exhibited a higher elicitation rate of ipsilesional MEPs than that in SG. The improvements in motor asymmetry of cycling exercise in RG were significantly associated with increases in FMA‐LE scores and walking ability.Conclusion: The combination of rTMS and cycling exercise effectively improves walking ability and walking stability in patients with stroke, which may be related to the excitability modulation of the motor cortex induced by rTMS.Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR2400079360.
The “KGB Wanted List” and the Evolving Soviet Pursuit of Defectors
Authors: Riehle Kevin P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The 1969 edition of a document known as the “KGB Wanted List” was smuggled to the West in 1972 by a Soviet State Security Committee (KGB) officer who defected. The KGB periodically compiled the list to target people around the world whom the Soviet government accused of violating Soviet law, especially through defection. More than four decades after the 1969 list became available in the West, the Security Service of Ukraine—the main counterintelligence agency in independent Ukraine—declassified a later edition of the KGB list, dated 1979. This article compares these two editions of the list, analyzing the individuals included (and excluded) in each, the judicial sentences passed against subjects, and the KGB organizations responsible for handling their cases. The article shows that the Soviet view of defectors evolved throughout the Cold War and that the KGB was far from omnipotent even on Soviet territory. It further shows that post-Soviet Russia's pursuit of defectors bears many similarities to practices of the Soviet era, with equivalents of the KGB Wanted List reported in Russia today.
Humble Posture for Missional Peacemaking in the Church and Academy
Authors: Michener Ronald T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Given rampant polarization across our global political and ecclesial contexts, a robust missional sensibility for navigating disagreements and bridge-building is imperative. Drawing inspiration from Rowan Williams’ Faith in the Public Square (2012), among others (Vainio, Franke, Olofinjana, Caputo, McInerney), and postliberal theological perspectives, this article suggests that our spheres of influence and/or participation may be intentionally and forthrightly Christian while at the same time avoiding acrimonious tones of Christian nationalism, partisanship and fundamentalism. Instead of posturing as strong, winsome, charismatic leaders, a missional leadership posture submits that an intentional manifestation of humility and vulnerability, accompanied by strong faith convictions will be explicitly, if not ironically, conciliatory.
“Blur the Preacher”: Media Remix and Digital Technocultural Practice in Pakistan”
Authors: Asif Hassan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the transformative effect of remix practices on media production in Pakistan, focusing on the integration of Internet memes, Islamic religious sermons, and political speeches in novel cultural critiques. Using Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis, it is observed that digital remix tools enable the incorporation of typically Islamically censured media elements, including Western electronic music samples, local controversial memes, and digitally available Muslim devotional content. These are creatively remixed into YouTube videos that often go viral, representing alternative Pakistani Muslim identities. The study argues that this negotiation generates a digital media environment open to sampling diverse media content, creating unprecedented meanings that challenge traditional regional media production norms. The values and meanings ascribed to these remixes are then analyzed, probing their influence on shaping audience perceptions. In conclusion, media remix is presented as a particular competency, acquired through participation in the constrained yet networked digital media environment of Pakistan.
Fluidity of Sharīʿa and the Modern State
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Zubair 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Qurʾān grants a childless widow a one-fourth share in the inheritance of her husband. However, this right is limited to movable property under the Ithnā ʿAsharīyya school in South Asia (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh). In December 2021, Pakistan’s parliament extended a childless widow’s inheritance right to include immovable property under the Ithnā ʿAsharīyya school. This paper examines the historical processes that contributed to the formulation and subsequent reformulation of the legal rule governing the inheritance right of a childless widow under the Ithnā ʿAsharīyya school. It identifies distinct but interconnected phases in which sharīʿa was transformed within the institutional structure of the modern state during the colonial and post-colonial periods. By doing so, the paper highlights the fluidity of sharīʿa as a legal tradition, which adapted to changing circumstances in different historical contexts.
Identification of a terpene synthase arsenal using long-read sequencing and genome assembly of Aspergillus wentii
Authors: Olumakaiye Richard , Corre Christophe , Alberti Fabrizio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Fungi are talented producers of secondary metabolites with applications in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical sectors. Aspergillus wentii CBS 141173 has gathered research interest due to its ability to produce high-value norditerpenoid compounds, including anticancer molecules. In this study, we aimed to expand the genomic information available for A. wentii to facilitate the identification of terpenoid biosynthetic genes that may be involved in the production of bioactive molecules.

Results
Long-read genome sequencing of Aspergillus wentii CBS 141173 was conducted using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION MK1C. In addition, paired-end stranded RNA-seq data from two time points, 7 days and 30 days, was used for functional annotation of the assembled genome. Overall, we assembled a genome of approximately 31.2 Mb and identified 66 biosynthetic gene clusters from the annotated genome. Metabolic extracts of A. wentii were analysed and the production of the bioactive terpenoid asperolide A was confirmed. We further mined the assembled and annotated genome for BGCs involved in terpenoid pathways using a combination of antiSMASH and local BlastP and identified 16 terpene synthases. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted and allowed us to establish relationships with other characterised terpene synthases. We identified two terpene clusters potentially involved in pimarane-like diterpenoid biosynthesis. Finally, the analysis of the 16 terpene synthases in our 7-day and 30-day transcriptomic data suggested that only four of them were constitutively expressed under laboratory conditions.

Conclusion
These results provide a scaffold for the future exploration of terpenoid biosynthetic pathways for bioactive molecules in A. wentii. The terpenoid clusters identified in this study are candidates for heterologous gene expression and/or gene disruption experiments. The description and availability of the long-read genome assembly of A. wentii CBS 141173 further provides the basis for downstream genome analysis and biotechnological exploitation of this species.
Nanopore direct RNA sequencing reveals N6-methyladenosine and polyadenylation landscapes on long non-coding RNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Liang Qiaoxia , Zhang Jizhou , Lam Hon-Ming , Chan Ting-Fung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various biological processes, including stage development in plants. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and polyadenylation are noteworthy regulatory processes that impact transcript functions by modulating their abundance. However, the specific landscapes of m6A modification and polyadenylation on lncRNAs remain largely unexplored. The advent of nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS) provides unprecedented opportunities for directly detecting m6A modifications and estimating polyadenine (poly[A]) tail lengths on individual RNA molecules.

Results
Here we utilized nanopore DRS to identify lncRNAs and map the transcriptome-wide m6A modification and polyadenylation landscapes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Leveraging the Low-abundance Aware Full-length Isoform clusTEr (LAFITE) assembly pipeline, we identified 1149 novel lncRNAs in seventeen nanopore DRS datasets from the wild-type Columbia-0. Through the precise detection of 2381 m6A modification sites on lncRNAs at single-base resolution, we observed that lncRNAs exhibited lower methylation levels compared to protein-coding RNAs, and m6A modification facilitated lncRNA abundance. Additionally, we estimated the poly(A) tail lengths of individual lncRNAs and found that poly(A) tails contributed to lncRNA stability, while their effect was not length-dependent. Furthermore, by comparing lncRNA abundance between 2-week seedlings and 5-week floral buds, we revealed the dynamic expression patterns of lncRNAs during the transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage. These observations provided insights into their potential roles in specific tissues or stages in Arabidopsis, including regulating stage development. Moreover, by integrating information on m6A modification, we unveiled a positive correlation between methylation variances and differential expressions of lncRNAs during stage development.

Conclusions
These findings highlighted the significance of epigenetic modification and post-transcriptional processing in shaping lncRNA expression and their functions during Arabidopsis stage development, contributing to the growing field of lncRNA research in plants.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Anaesthetic management of an infant with MEGD(H)EL syndrome undergoing cochlear implant
Authors: Ahmed Nashwa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The syndrome has these features: 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (MEG), deafness(D), encephalopathy (E), Leigh-like syndrome (L). This disorder is caused by biallelic mutations in serine active site-containing protein 1 (SERAC1) gene. When these patients experience hepatopathy (H) in addition to the above manifestations, the syndrome is referred to as MEGD(H)EL. The pathology of this syndrome shares features with diverse types of inborn errors of metabolism.

Case presentation
We discussed the anaesthetic management of an infant 2-year-old suffering from MEGD(H)EL syndrome undergoing cochlear implant. We discuss the pathology, genetics and significant aspects of this sporadic disease which is important for anaesthesiologist.

Conclusions
The usage of dexmedetomidine as the main anaesthetic drug might have the benefit of a non-triggering anaesthetic agent in patients with a mitochondrial disease. Mixture of dexmedetomidine and ketamine provide an effective combination for procedural sedation, predominantly in select populations who are at a high risk of perioperative complications due to underlying co-morbid conditions.
Is there a link between peripheral inflammation and blood brain barrier integrity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A case-control study
Authors: Sayed Samira Zien , Hassan Zienab Osama , Abdelraheem Wedad M. , Refaat Rasha Samir , Abuelela Ibtehal Saad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Claudin-5 is a vital constituent of tight junctions, which are critical elements of the blood-brain barrier. In people with neuropsychiatric disorders, peripheral inflammation is often found, although it is less common in healthy populations. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Claudin-5, peripheral immune cells, and the severity of symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods
The study included a cohort of 33 children diagnosed with ADHD and 29 control subjects, all aged between 5 and 12 years. The intensity of ADHD symptoms was evaluated using Conner’s questionnaire, which the parents completed. Each kid had serum level measurements of Claudin-5 and a complete blood count in order to establish a correlation with symptoms of ADHD.

Results
Serum Claudin-5 levels are lower in the ADHD group compared to the control group; median (IQR) = 30.94 (4-137) and 44.12 (4–223.3) respectively (p = 0.69). The levels of neutrophils and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio are significantly higher in ADHD than in controls (p = 0.011 and 0.015, respectively). Lymphocytes have a significant positive correlation with ADHD symptoms severity, namely, total Conner’s scale and inattention (p = 0.021 and 0.004 respectively), while NLR has a significant negative correlation with total Conner’s score and impulsivity (p = 0.046, p = 0.038), also a negative correlation yet not significant between serum Claudin-5 level and total Conner’s score, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Neutrophils were found to have a significant positive linear regression with Claudin-5 (p = 0.023).

Conclusion
These results revealed that BBB integrity is affected in ADHD children, as claudin-5 levels were found to be lower in children with ADHD, lymphocytes were found to be associated with increased ADHD symptoms severity, and NLR was associated with decreased symptoms severity, which may be via the positive effects of increased neutrophils on Claudin-5 levels.
The associations of positive and negative mental well-being with physical activity during the COVID-19 across late adulthood
Authors: Savikangas Tiina , Kekäläinen Tiia , Tirkkonen Anna , Sipilä Sarianna , Kokko Katja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Mental well-being (MWB) may play an important role in physical activity (PA) behavior, but the independent associations of affective MWB indicators and depressive symptoms with PA are sparsely investigated in late adulthood. We investigated the associations of positive affect, negative affect, and depressive symptoms with PA during the COVID-19 restrictions across late adulthood.

Methods
Cross-sectional data came from two Finnish population-based studies. The younger cohort (N = 162, 56% women, 60–61 years) was drawn from the TRAILS study, and the older (N = 272, 60% women, 72–88 years) from the PASSWORD study. Data on PA frequency (1–7; from “not at all” to “approximately daily”) and perceived changes in PA (no change/increased/reduced) during COVID-19 restrictions were self-reported. MWB was assessed by positive and negative affect (International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form) and depressive symptoms (younger cohort: General Behavioral Inventory; older cohort: Geriatric Depression Scale). Associations between MWB and PA were analyzed using linear and multinominal logistic regression models.

Results
When each MWB indicator was investigated separately, higher positive affect was associated with higher PA frequency in both cohorts and with a higher likelihood of increased PA in the younger cohort; higher negative affect was associated with a higher likelihood of reduced PA in the older cohort; higher depressive symptoms were associated with lower PA frequency in both cohorts and with a higher likelihood of reduced PA in the older cohort (p ≤ 0.009 for all), In the final models including all three MWB indicators, socioeconomic, and health-related covariates, only the association between higher positive affect and higher odds of increased PA remained significant in the younger cohort (OR = 4.28, p = 0.006). In the older cohort, only the associations of higher depressive symptoms with lower PA frequency (β=-0.097, p = 0.024) and higher odds of reduced PA (OR = 1.26, p = 0.010) remained significant.

Conclusions
Positive affect was independently associated with increased PA during the COVID-19 restrictions in sixty-year-olds. Higher depressive symptoms were independently associated with lower PA frequency and a higher likelihood of reduced PA in 72-88-year-olds. Positive and negative aspects of MWB have different relations to PA among people aged 60 and 70 + when one’s daily routines are restricted.

Trial registration number
ISRCTN52388040 (the PASSWORD study).
Opioid prescriptions following behavioral health training among primary care providers
Authors: Huo Shutong , A. Bruckner Tim , Das Abhery , L. Xiong Glen , Marcovitz David , B. Neikrug Ariel , McCarron Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Overdose deaths due to opioids are a major concern in the United States. Physicians often report inadequate training in chronic pain and substance use disorder management. Here, we evaluate whether a specialized program, the Train New Trainers Primary Care Psychiatry (TNT PCP) Fellowship, affected opioid prescription practices among primary care physicians.

Methods
We retrieved information from a publicly insured health program in Southern California on 11,975 patients and 180 primary care providers (PCPs) engaged in care between 2017 and 2021. Of the 180 PCPs, 38 received TNT training and 142 did not. We considered a patient as exposed to the provider’s TNT “treatment” if they received care from a provider after the provider completed the 1-year fellowship. We utilized the number of opioid prescriptions per patient per quarter-year as the key independent variable. Linear regression models controlled for provider characteristics and time trends. Robustness checks included clustering patients by provider identification.

Results
Post-TNT training, PCPs prescribed fewer than expected opioids. This result remains robust after controlling for several covariates (coef: − 0.209 ; standard error = 0.052, p < 0.001) as well as after clustering patient observations by provider.

Conclusion
In a large Southern California healthcare system, the TNT training program preceded a reduction in primary care providers’ prescription rates of opioids. If replicated in larger samples, a low-cost provider training program has the potential to promote more judicious use of opioids for pain management. We encourage more studies to understand the program’s long-term impact on physician behavior and, potentially, on patient outcomes.