bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of human breast milk on biological metabolism in infants
Authors: Shoji Hiromichi , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe metabolic changes that occur during the postnatal weaning period appear to be particularly important for future health, and human breast milk is considered to provide the optimal source of nutrition for infants. Our previous studies examined the effect of feeding type on antioxidative properties, glucose and insulin metabolism, the lipid profile, metabolomics, and prostaglandin (PG) metabolism in term and preterm infants. A urinary marker of oxidative DNA damage (8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine) was significantly lower in breast‐fed term and preterm infants than in formula‐fed infants. Markers of insulin sensitivity were significantly lower and atherosclerotic indices were significantly higher in breast‐fed preterm infants than in mixed‐fed infants at discharge. On urinary metabolomics analysis, choline, choline metabolites, and lactic acid were significantly lower in breast‐fed term infants than in formula‐fed infants. Urinary PGD2 metabolite level in breast‐fed term infants was also significantly lower than in formula‐fed term infants. This indicates that human breast milk affects biological metabolism in early infancy.
The role of hybridization and introgression in maintaining species integrity and cohesion in naturally isolated inselberg bromeliad populations
Authors: Mota M. R. , Pinheiro F. , Leal B. S. S. , Wendt T. , Palma‐Silva C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHybridization is a widespread phenomenon present in numerous lineages across the tree of life. Its evolutionary consequences range from effects on the origin and maintenance, to the loss of biodiversity.We studied genetic diversity and intra‐ and interspecific gene flow between two sympatric populations of closely‐related species,Pitcairnia flammeaandP. corcovadensis(Bromeliaceae), which are adapted to naturally fragmented Neotropical inselbergs, based on nuclear and plastidialDNA.Our main results indicate a strong reproductive isolation barrier, although low levels of interspecific gene flow were observed in both sympatric populations. The low rates of intraspecific gene flow observed for bothP. corcovadensisandP. flammeapopulations corroborate the increasing body of evidence that inselberg bromeliad species are maintained as discrete evolutionary units despite the presence of low genetic connectivity. Nuclear patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow revealed that hybridization and introgression might not cause species extinctionviagenetic assimilation of the rareP. corcovadensis.In the face of reduced intraspecific gene exchange, hybridization and introgression may be important aspects of thePitcairniadiversification process, with a positive evolutionary impact at the bromeliad community level, and thus contribute to increasing and maintaining genetic diversity in local isolated inselberg populations.
Biological and molecular characterization of Potato yellow blotch virus, a new species of the genus Potyvirus
Authors: Nisbet C. , Monger W. A. , Ross S. , Holmes R. F. , Nova Y. , Thomson C. , Goodfellow H. A. , Lacomme C. , Jeffries C. J. 
Published: September 2018

A new species of the genus Potyvirus infecting potatoes, with the proposed name Potato yellow blotch virus (PYBV), was discovered in a breeding line 99m‐022‐026 in Scotland. The infected plants show isolated yellow blotches on the leaves. The genome of PYBV contains a large open reading frame encoding a single polyprotein of 3054 amino acids. Sequence analysis shows that PYBV is closely related to Potato virus A (PVA), with an overall 72% identity at the nucleotide level for the whole genome. The least conserved P1 protease gene shares only 50% nucleotide identity with PVA. The host range of PYBV was comparable to PVA on solanaceaous and non‐solanaceous indicator plant species with the exception of Solanum demissum A and Y. Different symptoms were also observed for PYBV and PVA in Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana hesperis and Nicotiana occidentalis P1. The susceptibility of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars to PYBV and PVA was similar. In over 5 years of investigation, PYBV has not been found in commercial seed and ware potato crops in Scotland.
Computer Model Calibration with Large Non-Stationary Spatial Outputs: Application to the Calibration of a Climate Model
Authors: Chang Kai-Lan , Guillas Serge 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBayesian calibration of computer models tunes unknown input parameters by comparing outputs with observations. For model outputs that are distributed over space, this becomes computationally expensive because of the output size. To overcome this challenge, we employ a basis representation of the model outputs and observations: we match these decompositions to carry out the calibration efficiently. In the second step, we incorporate the non-stationary behaviour, in terms of spatial variations of both variance and correlations, in the calibration. We insert two integrated nested Laplace approximation–stochastic partial differential equation parameters into the calibration. A synthetic example and a climate model illustration highlight the benefits of our approach.
Radiographic bone loss and the risk of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in multiple myeloma patients—A retrospective case control study
Authors: Wazzan Taggreed , Kashtwari Deeba , Almaden Wejood F , Gong Yan , Chen Yiqing , Moreb Jan , Katz Joseph 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRisk factors for medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) include type and duration of antiresorptive drugs, dental trauma, local anatomy, systemic underlying conditions and therapy, smoking, and the presence of periodontal disease. However, there is a lack of studies elucidating the role of periodontal disease as risk predictor. In the present study, the dental charts of 100 multiple myeloma (MM) patients and 16 MM patients who developed MRONJ were studied. Information about age, gender, smoking history, diabetes, steroid drug intake, type and duration of bisphosphonate (BP) treatments, MRONJ status, missing teeth, periapical lesions, widening of the periodontal ligament, and periodontal status was collected. The periodontal status was determined as a percentage of missing bone at the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with MRONJ. In the selected model, using the COX analysis, categorical bone loss percentage is significantly associated with MRONJ (P = 0.009), with hazard ratio 0.042 (high vs low) and 95% CI 0.004 to 0.453. Gender, steroid, Aredia BP type, and periapical are also significant in selected model. In conclusion, advanced alveolar bone loss and missing teeth were strongly related to the occurrence of MRONJ in MM patients.
Sedimentary architecture of detached deep‐marine canyons: Examples from the East Coast Basin of New Zealand
Authors: McArthur Adam D. , McCaffrey William D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSubmarine canyons are conduits for the distribution of sediment across continental margins. Although many canyons connect directly with fluvial or marine littoral system feeders, canyons detached from direct hinterland supply are also recognized. The fill of detached canyons remains enigmatic, because their deep‐water setting restricts analysis of their evolution and stratigraphic architecture. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the sedimentary processes that infilled deep‐water canyons and the resulting architecture. Miocene outcrops of an exhumed deep‐water system from the East Coast Basin, New Zealand, are documented and compared with the morphology and seismic scale architecture of a modern detached canyon system on the same convergent margin. The outcropping system preserves the downstream margin of a sub‐basin deposited at palaeo‐water depths >700 m. A 6 km wide by 430 m deep incision is filled by heterogeneous siliciclastic sediments, 50% of which comprise graded thin‐beds with traction structures, interpreted to result from oscillatory flows. These are intercalated with concave‐up lenses, up to 15 m thick, of sigmoidally‐bedded, amalgamated sandstones, which preserve ripple casts on bed bases, interpreted as deposits at the head of a deep‐marine canyon. Palaeo‐flow was eastward, into the sub‐basin margin. On the adjacent margin of the sub‐basin down‐dip, stacked and amalgamated sandstones and conglomerates represent the fill of a submarine channel complex, at least 3 km wide. The channels are inferred to have been fed by the up‐dip canyon, which traversed the intervening structural high; similar relationships are seen in the bathymetry data. Seismic studies on this margin demonstrate that multiple phases of canyon cut and fill may occur, with downstream architectural evolution comparable to that seen at outcrop, demonstrating that detached canyons may act as sediment conduits. Breaching of developing sea‐floor structures by detached canyons can modify tortuous sediment pathways, supplying sediment to otherwise starved areas of the slope.
Making a difference. Constructing relations between organic and conventional agriculture in Finland in the emergence of organic agriculture
Authors: Lehtimäki Tomi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article analyses debates on the difference between organic and conventional agriculture. Departing from earlier accounts on the subject, it is argued that rather than conceptualising the subject as a case of diminishing differences, research should also focus on examining the making of these differences. This latter approach is connected to the notion that organic agriculture, understood as an alternative to conventional forms of agriculture, needs to justify its position by showing how it is different from them. To examine this issue, the article analyses the case of the emergence of organic agriculture in Finland. By analysing guidebooks, committee reports, and research publications the article analyses the construction of differences between organic and conventional. The case study shows that the difference between organic and conventional agriculture has been at the core of the debate, necessitating advocates of organic agriculture to actively construct it in different ways. This boundary making has operated differently depending on the various registers according to which organic agriculture and food have been assessed.
Risk factors for mortality after respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in adults with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Vakil Erik , Sheshadri Ajay , Faiz Saadia A. , Shah Dimpy P. , Zhu Yayuan , Li Liang , Kmeid Joumana , Azzi Jacques , Balagani Amulya , Bashoura Lara , Ariza‐Heredia Ella , Chemaly Roy F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is associated with high mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies (HM). We sought to determine whether allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo‐HCT) recipients would be at higher risk for 60‐day mortality.MethodsWe examined a retrospective cohort of adults with HM with or without HCT treated for RSV LRTI (n = 154) at our institution from 1996‐2013. We defined possible RSV LRTI as RSV detected only in the upper respiratory tract with new radiologic infiltrates and proven RSV LRTI as RSV detected in BAL fluid with new radiologic infiltrates. Immunodeficiency Scoring Index (ISI) and Severe Immunodeficiency (SID) criteria were calculated for HCT recipients. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors associated with 60‐day all‐cause mortality.ResultsMortality was high in HM patients (25%), but there was no difference between those without HCT, autologous or allo‐HCT recipients in logistic regression models. Separate multivariate models showed that at RSV diagnosis, neutropenia (OR 8.3, 95% CI 2.8‐24.2, P = 0.005) and lymphopenia (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.7‐8.2, P = 0.001) were associated with 60‐day mortality. Proven LRTI was associated with higher 60‐day mortality (neutropenia model: OR 4.7, 95%CI 1.7‐13.5; lymphopenia model: OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2‐8.8), and higher ICU admission. In HCT recipients, high ISI and very severe immunodeficiency by SID criteria were associated with higher 60‐day all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsMortality is similarly high among HM patients without HCT and HCT recipients. High‐grade immunodeficiency and detection of RSV from BAL fluid are associated with higher 60‐day mortality.
Collaborative Remembering in Conversational Narration
Authors: Norrick Neal R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis chapter introduces an epistemic perspective on narration and illustrates, based on data from storytelling in free natural conversation, how collaborative remembering can instantiate distributed cognition: first, when tellers deploy expressions of forgetfulness or explicitly enlist the aid of other participants; second, during various forms of collaborative turn sequencing with rapid speaker shift and a high degree of overlap; third, when conversational participants cooperate to produce a mosaic‐like narrative consisting of their partially separate perspectives and contributions; and fourth, when they weave their voices into a single narrative thread in a Goffmanian team performance.
Isoflavonoid‐specific prenyltransferase gene family in soybean: GmPT01, a pterocarpan 2‐dimethylallyltransferase involved in glyceollin biosynthesis
Authors: Sukumaran Arjun , McDowell Tim , Chen Ling , Renaud Justin , Dhaubhadel Sangeeta 
Published: September 2018

SummaryPhytoalexin glyceollins are soybean‐specific antimicrobial compounds that are derived from the isoflavonoid pathway. They are synthesized by soybean in response to extrinsic stress such as pathogen attack or injury, thereby conferring partial resistance if synthesized rapidly at the site of infection and at the required concentration. Soybean produces multiple forms of glyceollins that result from the differential prenylation reaction catalyzed by prenyltransferases (PTs) on either the C‐2 or C‐4 carbon of a pterocarpan glycinol. The soybean genome contains 77 PT‐encoding genes (GmPTs) where at least 11 are (iso)flavonoid‐specific. Transcript accumulation of five candidates GmPTs was increased in response to Phytophthora sojae infection, suggesting their role in phytoalexin synthesis. The induced GmPTs localize to plastids and display tissue‐specific expression. We have in this study identified two additional GmPTs: an isoflavone dimethylallyltransferase 3 (IDT3); and a glycinol 2‐dimethylallyl transferase GmPT01. GmPT01 prenylates (−)‐glycinol at the C‐2 position, localizes in the plastid, and exhibits root‐specific gene expression. Furthermore, its expression is induced rapidly in response to stress, and is associated with a quantitative trait loci linked with resistance to P. sojae. Based on these results, we conclude that GmPT01 are possibly one of the loci involved in conferring partial resistance against stem and root rot disease in soybean.
Transcriptomic and functional analysis of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit phloem during early development
Authors: Sui Xiaolei , Nie Jing , Li Xin , Scanlon Michael J. , Zhang Cankui , Zheng Yi , Ma Si , Shan Nan , Fei Zhangjun , Turgeon Robert , Zhang Zhenxian 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe phloem of the Cucurbitaceae has long been a subject of interest due to its complex nature and the economic importance of the family. As in a limited number of other families, cucurbit phloem is bicollateral, i.e. with sieve tubes on both sides of the xylem. To date little is known about the specialized functions of the internal phloem (IP) and external phloem (EP). Here, a combination of microscopy, fluorescent dye transport analysis, micro‐computed tomography, laser capture microdissection and RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐Seq) were used to study the functions of IP and EP in the vascular bundles (VBs) of cucumber fruit. There is one type of VB in the peduncle, but four in the fruit: peripheral (PeVB), main (MVB), carpel (CVB) and placental (PlVB). The VBs are bicollateral, except for the CVB and PlVB. Phloem mobile tracers and 14C applied to leaves are transported primarily in the EP, and to a lesser extent in the IP. RNA‐Seq data indicate preferential gene transcription in the IP related to differentiation/development, hormone transport, RNA or protein modification/processing/transport, and nitrogen compound metabolism and transport. The EP preferentially expresses genes for stimulus/stress, defense, ion transport and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The MVB phloem is preferentially involved in photoassimilate transport, unloading and long‐distance signaling, while the PeVB plays a more substantial role in morphogenesis and/or development and defense response. CVB and PlVB transcripts are biased toward development of reproductive organs. These findings provide an integrated view of the differentiated structure and function of the vascular tissue in cucumber fruit.
A rice PHD‐finger protein OsTITANIA, is a growth regulator that functions through elevating expression of transporter genes for multiple metals
Authors: Tanaka Nobuhiro , Uraguchi Shimpei , Kajikawa Masataka , Saito Akihiro , Ohmori Yoshihiro , Fujiwara Toru 
Published: September 2018

SummaryEssential metal absorption for plant growth is mediated predominantly by metal‐specific transporters, with expression that responds to the environmental or cellular conditions of specific metals. Differing from metal‐specific regulation, we describe a constitutively expressed transcription factor that regulates the transport of several metals in rice. We characterized the rice mutant LOW CADMIUM 5 (LC5), which exhibited reduced growth and accumulation of essential metals (e.g., copper [Cu], zinc [Zn] and manganese [Mn]) in shoots. LC5 was dwarf and developed less tillers than the wild type, but the structure of vasculature was apparently normal. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that the causal gene of LC5 is an ortholog of the transcriptional regulator Arabidopsis thaliana TITANIA (TTA), known as a transcriptional regulator. Expression analyses demonstrated that the OsTTA gene encodes a nucleus‐localized protein containing a plant homeodomain‐finger (PHD‐finger) domain and is expressed ubiquitously in rice plants. RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR analyses revealed that the mRNA accumulation of transporter genes for essential metals, including iron (Fe), Zn, or Mn, were substantially lower in LC5 roots than in the wild type. Unlike known transcription factors of metal transport regulation, OsTTA transcript accumulation was not affected by metal availability. In addition, the growth defect of LC5 was partially rescued by Fe, Zn, or Mn supplementation, respectively. Taken together, OsTTA is a constitutively expressed regulator of multiple metal transporter genes responsible for essential metals delivery to shoots for their normal growth.
Membrane physical state and stress regulation in Synechocystis: fluidizing alcohols repress fatty acid desaturation
Authors: Mironov Kirill S. , Shumskaya Maria , Sidorov Roman A. , Trofimova Marina S. , Los Dmitry A. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryCyanobacteria are prokaryotic photosynthetic organisms widely used in biotechnology, photosynthesis and abiotic stress research. There are several cyanobacterial strains modified to produce biofuels, but the influence of alcohols on cyanobacterial cell physiology is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a systematic study of the effects of nine primary aliphatic alcohols and an aromatic benzyl alcohol on both membrane physical state and the expression of genes for fatty acid desaturases (FADs) in a model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Hexan‐1‐ol was found to have the most membrane fluidizing action among all alcohols studied, with its efficiency correlating with both duration of treatment and alcohol concentration. A prolonged exposure to alcohol results in a continuous loss of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) followed by cell death, an undesired challenge that should be considered in cyanobacterial biotechnology. We suggest that membrane fluidization is the key component in alcohol stress causing inactivation of FADs and resulting in a lethal depletion of unsaturated FAs. Due to the most pronounced effects of alcohol‐ and heat‐induced membrane fluidization on desB encoding a terminal ω3‐FAD, we propose to call desB a ‘viscosity gene’ in analogy to heat‐induced ‘fluidity gene’ hspA.
Ascites formation accompanied by portal vein thrombosis after porcine islet xenotransplantation via the portal vein in Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Kim Jong‐Min , Shin Jun‐Seop , Han Sungyoung , Min Byoung‐Hoon , Jeong Won Young , Lee Ga Eul , Kim Min Sun , Kwon Seeun , Chung Hyunwoo , Kang Hee Jung , Park Chung‐Gyu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPig‐to‐nonhuman primate (NHP) islet transplantation has been widely conducted as a preclinical xenotransplantation model prior to human clinical trial. Portal vein thrombosis is one of the complications associated with islet infusion through the portal vein into the liver. Here, we briefly report severe case of ascites formation accompanied by portal vein thrombi after pig‐to‐NHP islet xenotransplantation in a rhesus monkey. Meticulous prophylactic treatment such as continuous heparin infusion should be implemented to prevent portal vein thrombi in pig‐to‐NHP islet transplantation models.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: September 2018

Reviewer AcknowledgementsInternational Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 9 António Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalBashar Malkawi, "University of Sharjah, College of Law, UAEBegoña Montero-Fleta, Universitat Politécnica de València, SpainE.Ozan Aksoz, Anadolu University, TurkeyEmanuele Achino, C. D. T. O., ItalyFroilan Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippinesJohn Boulard Forkuor , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), GhanaK.O. Aramide, The Polytechnic Ibadan, NigeriaLaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanMickey Langlais, University of Nebraska – Kearney, USAQingzhi Huan, Peking University, ChinaShariq aziz butt, Superior University Lahore, PakistanYaghoob Foroutan , The University of Waikato, New Zealand