bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A morphometric signature of depressive symptoms in unmedicated patients with mood disorders
Authors: Wise T. , Marwood L. , Perkins A. M. , Herane‐Vives A. , Williams S. C. R. , Young A. H. , Cleare A. J. , Arnone D. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveA growing literature indicates that unipolar depression and bipolar depression are associated with alterations in grey matter volume. However, it is unclear to what degree these patterns of morphometric change reflect symptom dimensions. Here, we aimed to predict depressive symptoms and hypomanic symptoms based on patterns of grey matter volume using machine learning.MethodWe used machine learning methods combined with voxel‐based morphometry to predict depressive and self‐reported hypomanic symptoms from grey matter volume in a sample of 47 individuals with unmedicated unipolar and bipolar depression.ResultsWe were able to predict depressive severity from grey matter volume in the anteroventral bilateral insula in both unipolar depression and bipolar depression. Self‐reported hypomanic symptoms did not predict grey matter loss with a significant degree of accuracy.DiscussionThe results of this study suggest that patterns of grey matter volume alteration in the insula are associated with depressive symptom severity across unipolar and bipolar depression. Studies using other modalities and exploring other brain regions with a larger sample are warranted to identify other systems that may be associated with depressive and hypomanic symptoms across affective disorders.
Children with mucopolysaccharidosis risk progressive visual dysfunction despite haematopoietic stem cell transplants
Authors: Teär Fahnehjelm Kristina , Olsson Monica , Chen Enping , Hengstler Jürg , Naess Karin , Winiarski Jacek 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThis prospective study assessed the long‐term ocular and visual outcomes of children with mucopolysaccharidoses type I Hurler syndrome (MPS IH) who were treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT).MethodsClinical ophthalmological assessments were performed on eight patients at the St Erik Eye Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden, from 2001–2018: The median age at diagnosis and HSCT were 12.2 (range 5.0–16.4) and 16.7 (8.0–20.4) months. The last eye examination was at a median of 13.4 (6.3–19.0) years and follow‐up lasted a median of 12.0 (5.0–17.4) years.ResultsPoor visual acuity, poor night vision and, or, photophobia were reported by six children. The best corrected visual acuity at the last visit was a median of 0.4 and 0.5 in the right and left eye and had declined significantly in two patients. Corneal opacities had increased despite HSCT in five patients. High hyperopia, at a median of +6 Dioptres, occurred in all patients and stiff corneas in all four patients that were measured. The patients’ corrected intraocular pressures were normal. Retinal degeneration was identified in two patients.ConclusionDespite HSCT, the long‐term follow‐up of patients with MPS IH showed reduced visual acuity due to corneal opacities or retinal degeneration.
Are people more prejudiced towards groups that are perceived as coherent? A meta‐analysis of the relationship between out‐group entitativity and prejudice
Authors: Agadullina Elena R. , Lovakov Andrey V. 
Published: April 2018

A meta‐analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between out‐group entitativity and prejudice. A quantitative analysis of 85 effect sizes from 33 independent samples showed a significant positive relationship between entitativity and prejudice (Fisher's z = .414, 95% CI [0.272, 0.557], p < .0001). Three possible moderators of the relationship between entitativity and prejudice were tested: conceptualization of the entitativity (essence‐based entitativity scale, agency‐based entitativity scale, common entitativity scale), the target of the prejudice, and the measures of prejudice (attitudes, emotions, behaviour towards out‐group). Results demonstrated that out‐group entitativity correlated with prejudice only when entitativity was conceptualized as an essence‐based or common‐based scale, and prejudice was measured as the attitude to the out‐group. The target of prejudice does not moderate the relationship between entitativity and prejudice.
FcεRI expression and IgE binding by dendritic cells and basophils in allergic rhinitis and upon allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Berings M. , Gevaert P. , De Ruyck N. , Derycke L. , Holtappels G. , Pilette C. , Bachert C. , Lambrecht B. N. , Dullaers M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundIn humans, both basophils and dendritic cells (DCs) express the high‐affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI).ObjectiveTo gain more insight into the relation between serum IgE levels and FcεRI expression and IgE binding by DCs and basophils in house dust mite (HDM) allergy and during subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT).MethodsWe measured FcεRI, IgE and HDM allergen on DCs (conventional type 2 DCs, cDC2s; plasmacytoid dendritic cells, pDCs) and basophils by flow cytometry in 22 non‐allergic vs 52 allergic subjects and upon HDM SCIT in 28 allergic subjects. IgE levels were measured in serum.ResultsSerum IgE correlated differentially with FcεRI expression and IgE binding depending on cell type and allergic status. In non‐allergic subjects, FcεRI/IgE surface densities increased with serum IgE to a significantly stronger degree on basophils compared to cDC2s. By contrast, in allergic subjects FcεRI/IgE surface densities increased with serum IgE to a slightly stronger degree on cDC2s compared to basophils. In addition, the data set suggests sequential loading of IgE onto FcεRI expressed by these cells (basophils>cDC2s>pDCs). Finally, HDM SCIT induced a temporary increase in serum IgE, which was paralleled by a peak in FcεRI and IgE on DCs, but not on basophils.Conclusions & Clinical RelevanceThis study provides a comprehensive insight into the relation between serum IgE and FcεRI/IgE on basophils and DC subsets. The novel finding that HDM SCIT induces a temporary increase in FcεRI expression on DCs, but not on basophils, can be an incentive for future research on the potential tolerogenic role of IgE/FcεRI signalling in DCs in the setting of allergen immunotherapy.
The role of pericardial adipose tissue in the heart of obese minipigs
Authors: Wang Chia‐Yu , Li Sin‐Jin , Wu Twin‐Way , Lin Han‐Jen , Chen Jyun‐Wei , Mersmann Harry J. , Ding Shih‐Torng , Chen Ching‐Yi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundPericardial adipose tissue (PAT) volume is highly associated with the presence and severity of cardiometabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We previously demonstrated that a high‐fat diet (HFD) induced metabolic dysregulation, cardiac fibrosis and accumulation of more PAT in minipigs. This study used our obese minipig model to investigate the characteristics of PAT and omental visceral fat (VAT) induced by a HFD, and the potential link between PAT and HFD‐related myocardial fibrosis.Materials and methodsFive‐month‐old Lee‐Sung minipigs were made obese by feeding a HFD for 6 months.ResultsThe HFD induced dyslipidemia, cardiac fibrosis and more fat accumulation in the visceral and pericardial depots. The HFD changes the fatty acid composition in the adipose tissue by decreasing the portion of linoleic acid in the VAT and PAT. No arachidonic acid was detected in the VAT and PAT of control pigs, whereas it existed in the same tissues of obese pigs fed the HFD. Compared with the control pigs, elevated levels of malondialdehyde and TNFα were exhibited in the plasma and PAT of obese pigs. HFD induced greater size of adipocytes in VAT and PAT. Higher levels of GH, leptin, OPG, PDGF, resistin, SAA and TGFβ were observed in obese pig PAT compared to VAT.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the similarities and dissimilarities between PAT and VAT under HFD stimulus. In addition, this study suggested that alteration in PAT contributed to the myocardial damage.
Decline of Paulownia tomentosa caused by Trametes hirsuta in Serbia
Authors: Milenković I. , Tomšovský M. , Karadžić D. , Veselinović M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryDuring the monitoring of the health status of nurseries and plantations in Serbia, a decline in a 5‐year‐old Paulownia tomentosa plantation was recorded. Trees displayed symptoms of dieback, massive breaking at different positions, the appearance of decay and fungal fruitbodies at the stems. Using standard isolation methods, white colonies with cottony surfaces and regular growth were obtained from the decaying wood samples, and after the oxidation degree analysis, it was determined that these isolates belonged to Davidson's group 6, indicating white rot basidiomycetes. To identify the isolated fungus, the ITS region of one selected isolate was sequenced. Based on the morphological analysis of the obtained colonies, collected fruitbodies and ITS sequence analysis, this fungus was identified as Trametes hirsuta. This is the first report of T. hirsuta on Paulownia tomentosa in Serbia. Irregularly performed pruning as the possible infection route and the implications of these findings are discussed.
Characterisation and reactivity continuum of dissolved organic matter in forested headwater catchments of Andean Patagonia
Authors: Garcia Roberto Daniel , Diéguez María del Carmen , Gerea Marina , Garcia Patricia Elizabeth , Reissig Mariana 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Terrestrial inputs of dissolved organic matter (DOM) make a significant contribution to the carbon pool of headwaters and the reactivity of this pool depends on its source and diagenetic state, being influenced by photochemical and biological processes. The main goal of this study was to characterise the composition and reactivity of soil and leaf litter DOM from a native forest of Nothofagus pumilio (Nothofagaceae), and from natural stream water, evaluating the effect of degradation processes.

Photo‐ and biodegradation laboratory experiments were conducted using DOM leached from soil and leaf litter, while the impact of photodegradation alone was also analysed through laboratory assays using stream water. The effects of photo‐ and biodegradation were evaluated through changes in the concentration of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC, respectively) and optical DOM proxies (absorbance and fluorescence).

In the initial characterisation, DOM from soil and water leachates showed naturally high humification, aromaticity and lignin content compared with the DOM of leaf litter leachate rich in non‐humic compounds.

Photo‐ and biodegradation increased humification of the DOM. DOM from leaf litter leachate was more bioavailable than DOM from soil leachate, as reflected by the higher growth of bacteria, DOC consumption and DIC production. In general, biodegradation increased DOM molecular weight, aromaticity and lignin content. Changes in fluorescent DOM (FDOM) showed a trend characterised by the loss of labile protein‐like compounds and an increase in refractory humic‐like components.

Long‐rod shaped bacteria were more abundant in leaf litter leachate, suggesting their preference for labile DOM, whereas cocci dominated in the humic and more biorecalcitrant DOM from soil leachate.

This study showed a continuum of DOM humification, with decreasing DOM reactivity from leaf litter leachate towards soil leachate and stream water. Soil leachate DOM was probably the main source of stream water DOM, as reflected by their similar signatures and close positioning in the reactivity continuum, although carbon mineralisation was much lower in soil leachate than stream water.
Heat waves and their significance for a temperate benthic community: A near‐natural experimental approach
Authors: Pansch Christian , Scotti Marco , Barboza Francisco R. , Al‐Janabi Balsam , Brakel Janina , Briski Elizabeta , Bucholz Björn , Franz Markus , Ito Maysa , Paiva Filipa , Saha Mahasweta , Sawall Yvonne , Weinberger Florian , Wahl Martin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractClimate change will not only shift environmental means but will also increase the intensity of extreme events, exerting additional stress on ecosystems. While field observations on the ecological consequences of heat waves are emerging, experimental evidence is rare, and lacking at the community level. Using a novel “near‐natural” outdoor mesocosms approach, this study tested whether marine summer heat waves have detrimental consequences for macrofauna of a temperate coastal community, and whether sequential heat waves provoke an increase or decrease of sensitivity to thermal stress. Three treatments were applied, defined and characterized through a statistical analysis of 15 years of temperature records from the experimental site: (1) no heat wave, (2) two heat waves in June and July followed by a summer heat wave in August and (3) the summer heat wave only. Overall, 50% of the species showed positive, negative or positive/negative responses in either abundance and/or biomass. We highlight four possible ways in which single species responded to either three subsequent heat waves or one summer heat wave: (1) absence of a response (tolerance, 50% of species), (2) negative accumulative effects by three subsequent heat waves (tellinid bivalve), (3) buffering by proceeding heat waves due to acclimation and/or shifts in phenology (spionid polychaete) and (4) an accumulative positive effect by subsequent heat waves (amphipod). The differential responses to single or sequential heat waves at the species level entailed shifts at the community level. Community‐level differences between single and triple heat waves were more pronounced than those between regimes with vs. without heat waves. Detritivory was reduced by the single heat wave while suspension feeding was less common in the triple heat wave regime. Critical extreme events occur already today and will occur more frequently in a changing climate, thus, leading to detrimental impacts on coastal marine systems.
Promoting oral health care among people living in residential aged care facilities: Perceptions of care staff
Authors: Villarosa Amy R. , Clark Sally , Villarosa Ariana C. , Patterson Norrie Tiffany , Macdonald Susan , Anlezark Jennifer , Srinivas Ravi , George Ajesh 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to look at the practices and perspectives of residential aged care facility (RACF) care staff regarding the provision of oral health care in RACFs.BackgroundEmphasis has been placed on the provision of adequate oral health care in RACFs through the Better Oral Health in Residential Aged Care programme. Endorsed by the Australian government, this programme provided oral health education and training for aged care staff. However, recent evidence suggests that nearly five years after the implementation of this programme, the provision of oral care in RACFs in NSW remains inadequate.Materials and MethodsThis project utilised an exploratory qualitative design which involved a focus group with 12 RACF care staff. Participants were asked to discuss the current oral health practices in their facility, and their perceived barriers to providing oral health care.ResultsThe key findings demonstrated current oral health practices and challenges among care staff. Most care staff had received oral health training and demonstrated positive attitudes towards providing dental care. However, some participants identified that ongoing and regular training was necessary to inform practice and raise awareness among residents. Organisational constraints and access to dental services also limited provision of dental care while a lack of standardised guidelines created confusion in defining their role as oral healthcare providers in the RACF.ConclusionThis study highlighted the need for research and strategies that focus on capacity building care staff in oral health care and improving access of aged care residents to dental services.
Decreasing rates of acute myocardial infarction in people living with HIV: a nationwide cohort study in Spain, 2004–2015
Authors: Masiá M , Padilla S , García JA , Bernardino JI , Campins AA , Asensi V , Gutiérrez F ,   for the Cohort of HIV Adults of the AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) study
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesContemporary data from country‐wide cohorts are needed to reveal trends in the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in people living with HIV (PLWH). We analysed time trends in the standardized incidence rate (sIR) of AMI in PLWH in Spain from 2004 to 2015, and compared them with trends in the general population.MethodsA longitudinal study in a nationwide contemporary multicentre HIV‐infected cohort was carried out. Data on all incident AMI events were collected, and age‐ and sex‐standardized IRs calculated. To analyse the IR of AMI in the general population, the national rates of hospital discharges for AMI per 100 000 inhabitants stratified for age and sex from 2004 to 2015 were obtained using the morbidity report data from the National Statistics Institute. A Poisson regression model was fitted to assess the effect of covariates of interest on AMI occurrence.ResultsThe sIRs of AMI in 2004–2015 were 237.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) 225.95–249.90] and 66.75 (95% CI: 23.49–110.01) per 100 000 patient‐years in male and female PLWH, respectively. There was a decrease in the sIR of AMI in male PLWH from 279.02 (95% CI: 265.46–292.59) per 100 000 person‐years in 2004–2009 to 222.13 (95% CI: 210.83–233.42) per 100 000 person‐years in 2010–2015. Compared with the general population, the sIR ratio was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.26–1.55) in 2004–2009, and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.15–1.43) in 2010–2014. AMI occurrence was associated with older age (P < 0.066 for each 10‐year age stratum ≥ 35‐years compared with the 25‐34 year stratum), higher plasma HIV RNA (P < 0.001), lower CD4 count (P < 0.04 for CD4 strata > 350 cells/μL compared with the 0‐100 cells/μL stratum), and the period 2004–2009 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere has been a decreasing incidence of AMI in PLWH in Spain, associated with improving immune and virological status, but the incidence of AMI has remained higher than in the general population.
Evaluating the characteristics of the grieving process in people with intellectual disability
Authors: Alcedo Rodríguez M. Ángeles , Cristóbal Fernández Leticia , Gómez Sánchez Laura E. , Arias González Víctor B. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the characteristics associated with the grieving process among a population with intellectual disability and the influence of particular variables.Materials and MethodsThe sample was composed of 380 participants with intellectual disability, on whose behalf 149 professionals completed a 20‐item questionnaire with four Likert‐type answer options, developed to evaluate the grieving process:Inventory of Grief and Coping Strategies in Intellectual Disability(IGCS‐ID).ResultsThe IGCS‐ID shows adequate levels of reliability. It covers three dimensions: understanding of the concept of death, coping with the loss and post‐bereavement reactions. The level of intellectual disability, the time elapsed since the loss and the residential setting gave rise to significant differences in the three dimensions based on the participants.ConclusionAn assessment of the grieving process would help to put in place effective resources to help people with intellectual disability overcome the loss and cope with the changes that it brings.
A common regulatory variant in SLC35B4 influences the recurrence and survival of prostate cancer
Authors: Huang Eric Y. , Chang Yu‐Jia , Huang Shu‐Pin , Lin Victor C. , Yu Chia‐Cheng , Huang Chao‐Yuan , Yin Hsin‐Ling , Chang Ta‐Yuan , Lu Te‐Ling , Bao Bo‐Ying 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the regulatory elements of a gene can alter gene expression, making these SNPs of prime importance for candidate gene association studies. We aimed to determine whether such regulatory variants are associated with clinical outcomes in three cohorts of patients with prostate cancer. We used RegulomeDB to identify potential regulatory variants based on in silico predictions and reviewed genome‐wide experimental findings. Overall, 131 putative regulatory SNPs with the highest confidence score on predicted functionality were investigated in two independent localized prostate cancer cohorts totalling 458 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. The statistically significant SNPs identified in these two cohorts were then tested in an additional cohort of 504 patients with advanced prostate cancer. We identified one regulatory SNPs, rs1646724, that are consistently associated with increased risk of recurrence in localized disease (P = .003) and mortality in patients with advanced prostate cancer (P = .032) after adjusting for known clinicopathological factors. Further investigation revealed that rs1646724 may affect expression of SLC35B4, which encodes a glycosyltransferase, and that down‐regulation of SLC35B4 by transfecting short hairpin RNA in DU145 human prostate cancer cell suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, we found increased SLC35B4 expression correlated with more aggressive forms of prostate cancer and poor patient prognosis. Our study provides robust evidence that regulatory genetic variants can affect clinical outcomes.
Breaking‐up within Europe: Sub‐state Nationalist Strategies in Multilevel Polities
Authors: Cetrà Daniel , Liñeira Robert 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article examines sub‐state nationalist strategies in relation to European integration in the Basque Country, Catalonia, Flanders and Scotland. First, we discuss the impact of European and economic integration on sovereignty and the cost of independence for small nations. Second, we compare the support for the European project in our four territories. We stress that European integration is a divisive issue in British politics but fundamentally consensual in the other cases. Third, we examine the European strategies of sub‐state nationalist parties. We distinguish between two broad strategies, one maximizing regional influence in the EU and the other promoting independence within the EU. Regarding the latter, we focus on the cases of Scotland and Catalonia, where sub‐state nationalist parties currently seek independence.
The Rise of Regional Influence in the EU – From Soft Policy Lobbying to Hard Vetoing
Authors: Tatham Michaël 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInitially unfolding in parallel ways, the Europeanization and the regionalization of politics have increasingly intersected. Regional authorities have organized themselves to affect policy developments at the supranational level. They do so through the internal restructuring of their administrations, by carrying lobbying activities directly in Brussels, but also by institutionalizing and sometimes constitutionalizing their authority over their Member State's EU position. In other words, both their informal and formal influence over EU affairs has grown. The relevance of these trends is illustrated by recent events such as the Wallonia parliament holding up the EU–Canada trade deal. This case highlights how the nature of both subnational and supranational politics has changed over time. International trade deals used to be considered as ‘high politics’, remote from the immediate concerns of regional bodies and well beyond their formal reach. The Wallonia case illustrates this is no longer so.