bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective 4‐year Outcome Study of Veterans Admitted to an Acute Inpatient Detoxification Unit for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Li Kevin J. , Smedberg Diane L. , DeLisi Lynn E. 
Published: May 2019

Background and ObjectivesWith 47 600 opioid‐related deaths in 2017, the yearly deaths have surpassed the HIV/AIDS peak yearly death rates. Residential rehabilitation (RR) and medication‐assisted treatments (MAT) are commonly utilized treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD).MethodsAll patients (n = 182) who were admitted to the Boston Veterans Health Administration for inpatient admission for medically supervised opioid withdrawal in 2015 were included. Deceased patients were matched 1:1, based on age and sex to living patients from the 182‐patient cohort. Nationwide electronic medical records were analyzed from 2015 through 2018. Via multilinear regression, risk factor correlation to all‐cause mortality (the dependent variable) was our main outcome. Primary risk factors included recurrent admissions for medically supervised withdrawals and exposure to RR or MAT. Secondary risk factors were opioid use traits, nonopioid drug use, partner support, education level, homelessness, and employment.Results18.4% (n = 34) were deceased by the time of follow‐up—equivalent to 4760 deaths per 100 000 person‐years. A total of 61.8% (n = 21) of these deaths were directly related to opioid use. Completion of RR correlated with lower predicted mortality (β = −8.21, P = 0.03). In contrast, attending RR but not completing correlated with higher predicted mortality rate (β = 6.51, P = 0.046). Concurrent benzodiazepine use (β = 8.99, P = 0.047), generalized anxiety disorder (β = 7.13, P = 0.03) and major depressive disorder (β = 5.44, P = 0.04) increased risk of death.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceOUD carries a shockingly high lethality in Veterans requiring inpatient admission for opioid withdrawal, particularly when there are untreated comorbid psychiatric conditions. RR and MAT are correlated to lower all‐cause mortality in this population and should be highly utilized. Given the extremely high mortality, intensive system‐wide interventions are needed for the care of Veterans with OUD. On the basis of the reduced predicted mortality with RR and MAT, further research into novel MATs as well as refining RR programs should be a major focus. (Am J Addict 2019;28:318–323)
Characterisation of aluminium release by the enFlow® fluid‐warming system in crystalloids and blood products
Authors: Taylor M. H. , Choi D. , Fitzpatrick S. M. , Gunn K. N. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe use of uncoated aluminium‐heated plates in an intravenous fluid‐warming system has been shown to produce high levels of aluminium in Sterofundin 1/1E, a balanced crystalloid solution. However, the effect of this fluid‐warming device on other balanced crystalloid solutions and blood products has not been studied. Using mass spectrometry we measured aluminium levels in Plasma‐Lyte 148, compound sodium lactate solution, 4% human albumin solution, expired resuspended packed red cells and fresh frozen plasma that were pumped through an enFlow® fluid‐warming system at 2 ml.min−1. Samples were taken at baseline before heating and then at 10‐min intervals up to 60 min with the system set to warm the fluids to 40 °C. High concentrations of aluminium were found for Plasma‐Lyte 148 and compound sodium lactate solutions (mean (SD) 223 (0.6) μmol.l−1 and 163 (0.2) μmol.l−1 at 60 min, respectively); both concentrations were significantly greater than the United States Food and Drug Administration recommended maximum limit for aluminium in intravenous nutrition of 25 μg.l−1 (0.9 μmol.l−1 ). Lower aluminium levels were found in 4% human albumin solutions, expired resuspended red cells and fresh frozen plasma at 60 min (mean (SD) 5.7 (0.1) μmol.l−1, 2.7 (0.0) μmol.l−1 and 2.3 (0.4) μmol.l−1, respectively). The process allowing addition of aluminium to be added to Sterofundin 1/1E by the enFlow fluid warmer also occurs in Plasma‐Lyte 148 and compound sodium lactate solutions and to a lesser degree in blood products. The exact mechanism facilitating this process and its clinical significance remain unclear.
Laparoscopic versus open transverse‐incision right hemicolectomy: a retrospective comparison study
Authors: Feo Claudio F. , Feo Carlo V. , Fancellu Alessandro , Ginesu Giorgio C. , Cherchi Giuseppe , Zese Monica , Targa Simone , Porcu Alberto 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe optimal surgical approach to right colon cancer is still under debate. The aim of the present study was to compare the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic and transverse‐incision open approaches to right hemicolectomy for colon cancer.MethodsData on 99 adult patients with right‐side colon cancer undergoing either laparoscopic or open transverse‐incision right hemicolectomy at two different university hospitals, between January 2013 and December 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Data concerning patients’ characteristics, operative details and post‐operative recovery were retrieved from prospective databases and analysed.ResultsForty‐nine subjects were operated on laparoscopically, while 50 through an open transverse incision. Operating time was significantly longer in the laparoscopic group compared with the open group (182 versus 105 min; P < 0.01). Patients treated laparoscopically had a shorter time to first bowel movement, while time to resume a normal diet and post‐operative length of hospital stay were comparable in between groups. The median number of lymph nodes harvested was higher in the laparoscopic group (25.6 versus 18.6; P < 0.01), but no significant difference in overall survival between groups was detected. At long‐term follow‐up, the incidence of incisional hernia was higher in the laparoscopic group as compared to the open group (24.5% versus 0%; P = 0.0002).ConclusionOur results show that laparoscopic right hemicolectomy when compared to the transverse‐incision open procedure may guarantee the same oncological radicality, but short‐term functional benefits are still unclear. Randomized control studies are warranted to better clarify the comparison of these two approaches for right‐sided colon cancers.
A clinical predictive model for post‐hospitalisation venous thromboembolism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: McCurdy Jeffrey D. , Israel Amanda , Hasan Maryam , Weng Robin , Mallick Ranjeeta , Ramsay Tim , Carrier Marc 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackgroundPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) during hospitalisation and potentially post‐discharge.AimsTo determine the incidence and risk factors for post‐discharge VTE in IBD patients and create a point of care predictive model to assess VTE risk.MethodsHospitalised IBD patients were identified from our institutional discharge database between 2009 and 2016, and were assessed for VTE by chart review. Risk factors for VTE within 3 months of discharge were determined by univariable and multivariable logistic regression. A point of care model was created using variables from the univariate analysis with P < 0.05, and internally validated by bootstrap methods.ResultsSixty‐six of 2161 eligible discharges (3%) were associated with VTE within 6 months of hospitalisation. The median time to event was 37 days (range 3‐182 days). On multivariable analysis age >45 years (OR 3.76; 95% CI 1.80‐7.89) and multiple admissions (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.34‐5.11) were independently associated with VTE risk. Our final model incorporated age >45 years, multiple admissions, intensive care unit admission, length of admission >7 days and central catheter and was able to discriminate between discharges associated with and without VTE (optimism‐corrected c‐statistic, 0.70; 95% CI 0.58‐0.77). By limiting treatment to a high‐risk group, extended thromboprophylaxis could be avoided in 92% of discharges with a miss rate of 1.6% (32/1982 discharges).ConclusionPatients with IBD remain at risk of VTE after hospital discharge. Our model may help clinicians stratify which patients will benefit most from extended thrombophrophylaxis.
Wage–vacancy contracts and multiplicity of equilibria in a directed search model of the labour market
Authors: Jacquet Nicolas L. , Kennes John , Tan Serene 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper studies a directed search model of the labour market, which is standard in all aspects except two. First, we allow firms to post wage–vacancy contracts advertising the number of workers they would pay as well as the payment all will receive. Second, we consider two cases: one where workers are risk neutral and one where workers are risk averse, both in finite and large economies. Our paper shows that when firms post wage–vacancy contracts, whether workers are modelled as risk neutral or risk averse matters: the types of symmetric equilibria and the nature of multiplicity of equilibria are different. Somewhat surprisingly, when there are finite numbers of risk‐neutral workers and firms, we obtain a finite number of symmetric equilibria, but when workers are risk averse, we obtain a continuum of equilibria. Furthermore, our paper sounds a cautionary note on using large economies as an approximation of finite economies: when workers are risk neutral, the nature of equilibrium is preserved going from a finite to a large economy, but the nature of equilibrium is different when workers are risk averse.
First Peoples lost: Determining the state of status First Nations mortality in Canada using administrative data
Authors: Feir Donna , Akee Randall 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present the most comprehensive set of estimates to date for status First Nations mortality in Canada. We use administrative data from Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada to establish a set of stylized facts regarding status First Nations mortality rates. Between 2010 to 2013, the mortality rates of status First Nations men and boys are highest in nearly all age groups of status First Nations considered, with the exception of status girls between the ages of 10 to 14. On reserve, status boys between the ages of 15 to 19 have mortality rates nearly four times that in the general population, while status girls between the ages of 15 to 19 have mortality rates five times that in the general population. We demonstrate substantial regional variation in mortality rates. Finally, we document that there has been no improvement in mortality among status women and girls living on reserve in the last 30 years and relative mortality rates for all status people on reserve has not changed in 40 years.
Congenital muscular dystrophies in China
Authors: Ge Lin , Zhang Cheng , Wang Zhaoxia , Chan Sophelia H.S. , Zhu Wenhua , Han Chunxi , Zhang Xiaoli , Zheng Hong , Wu Liwen , Jin Bo , Shan Jingli , Mao Bing , Zhong Jianmin , Peng Xiaoyin , Cheng Yaying , Hu Jun , Sun Yan , Lu Junlan , Hua Ying , Zhu Sainan , Wei Cuijie , Wang Shuo , Jiao Hui , Yang Haipo , Fu Xiaona , Fan Yanbin , Chang Xingzhi , Wang Shuang , Bao Xinhua , Zhang Yuehua , Wang Jingmin , Wu Ye , Jiang Yuwu , Yuan Yun , Rutkowski Anne , Bönnemann Carsten G. , Wei Wei , Wu Xiru , Xiong Hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCongenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous conditions. We launched a nationwide study to determine the frequency of CMD in the Chinese population and assess the status of diagnosis and disease management for CMD in China. Cases were chosen from databases in 34 tertiary academic hospitals from 29 first‐level administrative divisions (provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions, and special administrative regions), and medical records were reviewed to confirm the diagnoses. The study included 409 patients, of those patients who consented to genetic testing (n = 340), mutations were identified in 286 of them. The most common forms identified were LAMA2‐related CMD (36.4%), followed by COL6‐related CMD (23.2%) and α‐dystroglycanopathy (21.0%). The forms of CMD related to mutations in LMNA and SEPN1 were less frequent (12.5% and 2.4%, respectively). We also recorded a significant difference in the diagnostic capabilities and disease management of CMD, with this being relatively backward in research centers from less developed regions. We provide, for the first time, comprehensive epidemiologic information of CMD in a large cohort of Chinese people. To our knowledge, this is the largest sample size of its kind so far highlighting the prevalence of CMD in China.
Optimal response to dimethyl fumarate is mediated by a reduction of Th1‐like Th17 cells after 3 months of treatment
Authors: Mansilla María José , Navarro‐Barriuso Juan , Presas‐Rodríguez Silvia , Teniente‐Serra Aina , Quirant‐Sánchez Bibiana , Ramo‐Tello Cristina , Martínez‐Cáceres Eva María 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimDimethyl fumarate (DMF) is one of the most promising therapies for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients since it has shown immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. However, a percentage of RRMS patients do not exhibit an optimal response to DMF. The objective of this study was to identify early biomarkers of treatment response by analyzing changes in peripheral leukocyte subpopulations directly in whole blood samples.MethodsA longitudinal and prospective study analyzing peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations in 22 RRMS patients before initiating DMF treatment (baseline) and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow‐up was performed. Differences between no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) and ongoing disease activity (ODA) patients were analyzed.ResultsThe beneficial effect of DMF was associated with a specific depletion of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and B cells. Importantly, only NEDA patients showed (a) a shift from a pro‐ to an antiinflammatory profile, with an increase of Th2 cells and a decrease of Th1‐like Th17 lymphocytes; and (b) an increase of regulatory CD56bright NK cells.ConclusionThe optimal response to DMF is mediated by a shift to antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory profile, which puts forward Th1‐like Th17 lymphocytes as a potential early biomarker of treatment response.
Patch testing children with aluminium chloride hexahydrate in petrolatum: A review and a recommendation
Authors: Bergfors Elisabet , Inerot Annica , Falk Lars , Nyström Ulla , Trollfors Birger 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccording to studies on adults, patch testing with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. is insufficient to detect aluminium allergy, and a 10% preparation is recommended. Other studies suggest that a 2% preparation is sufficient for testing children.ObjectivesTo review three previously published Swedish studies on patch testing children with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet.Patients/MethodsAltogether, 601 children with persistent itching subcutaneous nodules (granulomas) induced by aluminium‐adsorbed vaccines were patch tested with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. and metallic aluminium in (a) a pertussis vaccine trial, (b) clinical practice, and (c) a prospective study.ResultsOverall, 459 children had positive reactions to the 2% pet. preparation. Another 10 reacted positively only to metallic aluminium. An extreme positive reaction (+++) was seen in 65% of children aged 1 to 2 years as compared with 22% of children aged 7 years. From 8 years onwards, extreme positive reactions were scarce.ConclusionsAluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. is sufficient to trace aluminium allergy in children. Small children are at risk of extreme reactions. We thus suggest that aluminium chloride hexahydrate 10% pet. should not be used routinely in children before the age of 7 to 8 years.
Occupational contact dermatitis caused by opioids: A case series
Authors: Flury Ursula , Cahill Jennifer L. , Nixon Rosemary L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundOpioid‐manufacturing facility workers are at risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis.ObjectivesTo describe the causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by opioids in an opioid‐manufacturing facility.Materials and MethodsA retrospective review was performed of patients assessed at the Occupational Dermatology Clinic in Melbourne, Australia from 2004 to 2017.ResultsFifteen workers from an opioid‐manufacturing facility were assessed in our clinic over a period of 14 years. Of these, 11 individuals were diagnosed with occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by opioids, with seven reacting to thebaine, five to morphine, four to norhydroxymorphinone, two to codeine, and two to oripavine. Two people were suspected of having immediate hypersensitivity reactions to opioids, including one who also had allergic contact dermatitis. Two patients were diagnosed with urticaria, aggravated at work. One patient was diagnosed with a non‐occupational rash.ConclusionsWe report a case series of workers with allergic contact dermatitis caused by opioids in a manufacturing facility. With greater awareness, including implementation of an educational programme and improved skin protection, the number of cases declined over time. Interestingly, norhydroxymorphinone had not been reported as an allergen before. Further testing is required to establish optimal patch test concentrations of all opiates.
Spontaneous remission in a patient with very late relapse of acute myeloid leukemia 17 years after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Rautenberg Christina , Kaivers Jennifer , Germing Ulrich , Haas Rainer , Schroeder Thomas , Kobbe Guido 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpontaneous remission (SR) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a rare phenomenon and is usually of short duration although long‐term remissions are reported. Indeed, mechanisms underlying SR remain unclear, but it is suggested that immunactivation, e.g. caused by infections, plays an important role. Here we report on a patient who suffered from pneumonia and simultaneously experienced very late hematologic AML relapse seventeen years after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation (allo‐BSCT). Surprisingly in parallel to recovery from pneumonia peripheral blood count which previously showed pancytopenia, had normalized and bone marrow (BM) aspiration revealed spontaneous remission of AML. To the best of our knowledge we here report on the latest AML relapse after allo‐BSCT experiencing SR.
What determines fund performance persistence? International evidence
Authors: Ferreira Miguel A. , Keswani Aneel , Miguel António F. , Ramos Sofia B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe study performance persistence across a global sample of equity mutual funds from 27 countries. In contrast to the existing U.S.‐based evidence, we find that net performance persistence is present in the majority of fund industries, suggesting that fund manager skill is commonplace rather than a rarity. Consistent with the intuition that more competition in the mutual fund industry makes remaining a winner fund less likely but keeping a loser fund at the bottom of the performance ranks more probable, we show that competitiveness explains the cross‐sectional variation in performance persistence.
DB or not DB: Writing the history of the slave trade to North America in the era of the database
Authors: Kelley Sean M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince the publication of the Transatlantic Slave Trade Database (now known asVoyages) in 1999, it has occupied an important place the study of the North American slave trade. Some historians, particularly those interested in the African Diaspora and African American culture, have embraced its ability to elucidate the specific connections between Africa and North America over time. While most historians have accepted the validity of the database, some have criticized the database's tendency to privilege quantitative abstraction over a more “human” narrative. A smaller number still have rejected the estimates offered by the database specifically regarding the number of Africans disembarked in the United States after 1808, but most scholars in the field have accepted theVoyagesestimates. There are now plans to link theVoyagesdatabase with a number of other slavery‐related digital history projects, which suggests that the era of the database is here to stay.
Anatomical danger zone reconsidered: a micro‐CT study on dentine thickness in mandibular molars
Authors: De‐Deus G. , Rodrigues E. A. , Belladonna F. G. , Simões‐Carvalho M. , Cavalcante D. M. , Oliveira D. S. , Souza E. M. , Giorgi K. A. , Versiani M. A. , Lopes R. T. , Silva E. J. N. L. , Paciornik S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the smallest dentine thickness in mesial canals of mandibular molars along the cervical and middle thirds of the root by means of a micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) technology and digital image analysis.MethodologyFifty mesial roots of mandibular molars having two independent canals (mesiobuccal and mesiolingual), in the coronal and middle levels, were selected and scanned in a micro‐CT device. After reconstruction procedures, approximately 468 slices per root covering the 7 mm below the furcation area of the mesial root were analysed to measure the smallest dentine thickness (danger zone [DZ]) in each slice from both distal and mesial regions of the mesial canals by an automatic segmentation process.ResultsThe DZ values in the mesiobuccal canals varied from 0.67 to 1.93 mm, with an average of 1.13 ± 0.21 mm. For the mesiolingual canals, the DZ varied from 0.77 to 1.89 mm with an average of 1.10 ± 0.21 mm. There was no correspondence in the DZ between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals at the same cross‐sectional level in 71% of the specimens. Moreover, the smallest dentine thickness was towards the mesial region of the roots in 22% and 18% of the mesiolingual and mesiobuccal canals, respectively. (Figs 1 and 2ConclusionsThe smallest dentine thickness was on the mesial plane of the roots in about 40% of the canals. The vertical location of the DZ in relation to the furcation area was in the middle third of the root.
Gel casting of mullite for radome applications
Authors: Ecebaş Nazım , Dursun Gülsüm Meryem , Yeşilova Aysu Hande , Duran Cihangir 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGel‐casting method was used to fabricate mullite ceramics because this method has not been applied to fabricate dense mullite in literature. Gel‐casting parameters such as monomer types (acrylamide and metyhlenebisacrylamide), effect of initiator (ammonium persulfate), and catalyst (tetramethylenediamine) were studied. All samples reached to relative densities of 97% to 98.2% after sintering at 1540°C for 2 hours. Backscattered SEM images revealed anisotropically grown mullite grains, glassy phase located at triple junctions, hexagonally‐shaped and faceted Al2O3grains, and white‐color grains consisting of ZrO2and undissolved TiO2. A Weibull modulus of 12.33 (ie, indicating tough ceramics) and characteristic strength of 186 MPa were calculated, below which no failure was expected. A critical quenching temperature was found as about 400°C (ΔT ~ 380°C) by indentation‐quench method. In addition, a thermal shock resistance parameter (eg,Rin °C) of 142.4°C was calculated, which was higher than commonly used Al2O3ceramics. Lower dielectric constant and loss are desired for wide frequency band application and shorter signal transmission delay time in radomes. The dielectric constant was found as nearly 7.5 up to 10 GHz and loss tangent was 0.0031 at 5 MHz. Dielectric and thermomechanical results suggest that mullite is a suitable candidate ceramic for radome applications.