bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultralong telomeres shorten with age in nestling great tits but are static in adults and mask attrition of short telomeres
Authors: Atema Els , Mulder Ellis , van Noordwijk Arie J. , Verhulst Simon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTelomere length (TL) is increasingly being used as a biomarker of senescence, but measuring telomeres remains a challenge. Within tissue samples, TL varies between cells and chromosomes. Class I telomeres are (presumably static) interstitial telomeric sequences, while terminal telomeres have been divided in shorter (Class II) telomeres and ultralong (Class III) telomeres, and the presence of the latter varies strongly between species. Class II telomeres typically shorten with age, but little is known of Class III telomere dynamics. Using multiple experimental approaches, we show great tits to have ultralong telomeres, and we investigated age effects on Class II and III telomeres using a longitudinal approach (our method excludes Class I telomeres). In adults, TL averaged over the whole distribution did not significantly change with age. However, more detailed analyses showed that Class II TL did shorten with age, and, as in other species, the longest Class II telomeres within individuals shortened more quickly with age. In contrast, Class III TL did not shorten with age within individual adults. Surprisingly, we found the opposite pattern in nestlings: Class III TL shortened significantly with age, while the age effect on Class II TL was close to zero. Thus, Class III TL may provide information on developmental history, while Class II TL provides information on telomere dynamics in adulthood. These findings have practical implications for telomere studies and raise the interesting question of what causes variation in TL dynamics between chromosomes within individuals and how this is related to development.
Feminist Economics: Theoretical and Political Dimensions
Authors: Agenjo‐Calderón Astrid , Gálvez‐Muñoz Lina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFeminist economics is a school of economic thought and political action that gained important visibility during the 1990s, although its origins can be dated back to the mid‐19th century. Since then, feminist economics has developed its own concepts, analytical frameworks, and methodologies. With gender as a central category, it seeks a more integral and humane comprehension of the economy and of the processes of inclusion and exclusion taking place in it. In addition, feminist economics has grown into a political practice that aims at improving the functioning of the economic system so that all people can have access to a dignified life on the basis of equality. This article presents a general systematization of these theoretical and political dimensions, particularly focusing on the critique of the neoclassical paradigm and its political correlates. We connect the epistemological, methodological, and conceptual contributions of feminist economics, as well as its propositions for transformative action, to specific debates on economic issues, such as the ecological emergency, crisis and austerity, the commodification of life, and the liberalization of trade.
Pru p 7 sensitization is a predominant cause of severe, cypress pollen‐associated peach allergy
Authors: Klingebiel Caroline , Chantran Yannick , Arif‐Lusson Rihane , Ehrenberg Angelica E. , Östling Jonas , Poisson Alain , Liabeuf Valérie , Agabriel Chantal , Birnbaum Joëlle , Porri Françoise , Sarrat Anne , Apoil Pol‐André , Vivinus Mylène , Garnier Lorna , Chiriac Anca Mirela , Caimmi Davide‐Paolo , Bourrain Jean‐Luc , Demoly Pascal , Guez Stéphane , Boralevi Franck , Lovato Bertrand , Palussière Céline , Leroy Sylvie , Bourrier Thierry , Giovannini‐Chami Lisa , Gouitaa Marion , Aferiat‐Derome Agnès , Charpin Denis , Sofalvi Tünde , Cabon‐Boudard Isabelle , Massabie‐Bouchat Yann‐Patrick , Hofmann Bernard , Bonardel Nathalie , Dron‐Gonzalvez Mireille , Sterling Benoît , Carsin Ania , Vivinus Serge , Poitevin Bernard , Nicolau Laureline , Liautard Geneviève , Soler Christophe , Mezouar Soraya , Annesi‐Maesano Isabella , Mège Jean‐Louis , Lidholm Jonas , Vitte Joana ,   and the ANAFORCAL and AllergoBioNet Networks
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeach is a common elicitor of food allergic reactions. Peach‐induced immediate reactions may occur as benign pollen‐food syndromes, usually due to birch pollen‐related PR‐10 cross‐reactivity in temperate climates, and as potentially severe primary food allergies, predominantly related to nsLTP Pru p 3 in Mediterranean regions. The newly described peach allergen Pru p 7 has gained recent attention as a potential peach allergy severity marker. Sensitization to Pru p 7 and its allergenic homologues of the gibberellin‐regulated protein family occurs in areas with high Cupressaceae tree pollen exposure.ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the distribution, clinical characteristics and molecular associations of Pru p 7 sensitization among subjects with suspected peach allergy in different regions of France.MethodsSubjects with suspected peach allergy (n = 316) were included. Diagnostic work‐up was performed according to current guidelines, including open food challenge when required. IgE antibody measurements and competition experiments were performed using the ImmunoCAP assay platform.ResultsSensitization to Pru p 7 was present in 171 (54%) of all subjects in the study and in 123 of 198 (62%) diagnosed as peach allergic, more than half of whom were sensitized to no other peach allergen. Frequency and magnitude of Pru p 7 sensitization were associated with the presence of peach allergy, the clinical severity of peach‐induced allergic reactions and the level of cypress pollen exposure. Cypress pollen extract completely outcompeted IgE binding to Pru p 7. Pru p 7 was extremely potent in basophil activation tests.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceA subtype of Cupressaceae pollinosis, characterized by Pru p 7 sensitization, can be an underlying cause of severe peach allergy.
Implant fracture failure rate and potential associated risk indicators: An up to 12‐year retrospective study of implants in 5,124 patients
Authors: Lee Dong‐Woon , Kim Na‐Hong , Lee Young , Oh Yeon‐Ah , Lee Jae‐Hong , You Hyung‐Keun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated fracture rates and risk indicators for fractures in internal connection dental implants.Material and MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 19,006 internal connection implants used in fixed restoration in 5,124 patients (4,570 males, 554 females) at the Dental Hospital of Veterans Health Service Medical Center between 2006 and 2015. Patients were followed through June 2018 (0.03–12.39 years post‐installation). Clinical factors (age, sex, implant diameter, implant length, placement site, bone graft, fixture material, cervical feature, abutment connection, microthread, and platform switching) were recorded. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis identified risk indicators associated with an implant fracture. Cox regression models elucidated potential fracture risks.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐four implants fractured in 135 patients, for an incidence rate of 0.92% after an average of 4.95 ± 2.14 years of use. Kaplan–Meier estimates showed that the 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rates of implants were 99.8%, 99.2%, and 97.7%, respectively. In the multivariable Cox regression model, the diameter, location, history of bone graft, and microthread presence were significantly correlated with implant fractures. Wide‐diameter implants had a reduced fracture risk within 90 months, after which the diameter did not correlate with fractures. Implants placed in the anterior mandible had a lower fracture risk within 90 months; mandibular premolar implants corresponded with a lower risk after 90 months. Implants without a history of bone graft or microthreads were more likely to fracture throughout the follow‐up time.ConclusionsThese results elucidate risk indicators for implant fractures and facilitate their reduction in clinical practice.
Cell cycle activation contributes to isoflurane‐induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain and the protective effect of CR8
Authors: Huang Bao‐Yi , Huang Hong‐Bing , Zhang Zhi‐Jing , Liu Zhi‐Gang , Luo Jun , Liu Min , Luo Tao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsIt is well established that exposure of common anesthetic isoflurane in early life can induce neuronal apoptosis and long‐lasting cognitive deficit, but the underlying mechanisms were not well understood. The cell cycle protein Cyclin B1 plays an important role in the survival of postmitotic neurons. In the present study, we investigated whether cyclin B1‐mediated cell cycle activation pathway is a contributing factor in developmental isoflurane neurotoxicity.MethodsPostnatal day 7 mice were exposed to 1.2% isoflurane for 6 hours. CR8 (a selective inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinases) was applied before isoflurane treatment. Brain samples were collected 6 hours after discontinuation of isoflurane, for determination of neurodegenerative biomarkers and cell cycle biomarkers.ResultsWe found that isoflurane exposure leads to upregulated expression of cell cycle‐related biomarkers Cyclin B1, Phospho‐CDK1(Thr‐161), Phospho‐n‐myc and downregulated Phospho‐CDK1 (Tyr‐15). In addition, isoflurane induced increase in Bcl‐xL phosphorylation, cytochrome c release, and caspase‐3 activation that resulted in neuronal cell death. Systemic administration of CR8 attenuated isoflurane‐induced cell cycle activation and neurodegeneration.ConclusionThese findings suggest the role of cell cycle activation to be a pathophysiological mechanism for isoflurane‐induced apoptotic cell death and that treatment with cell cycle inhibitors may provide a possible therapeutic target for prevention of developmental anesthetic neurotoxicity.
Endorectal advancement flap for complex anal fistula: does flap configuration matter?
Authors: Yellinek S. , Krizzuk D. , Moreno Djadou T. , Lavy D. , Wexner S. D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTreatment of complex anal fistula (CAF) is challenging, often requiring multiple operations due to a high failure rate. The plethora of options attests to the lack of a panacea. Endorectal advancement flap (ERAF) carries the advantages of no sphincter division, no contour defect to the anal canal and no perineal wound. The failure rate of this procedure ranges between 15% and 60%. Although the procedure traditionally described a rhomboid (tongue‐shaped) flap, an elliptical (curvilinear) flap was introduced to try to improve the results. This study aimed to describe the elliptical‐shaped ERAF performed by the senior authors and others and compare failure rates between elliptical and rhomboid ERAFs for CAF.MethodA retrospective review of all patients who underwent ERAF for CAF between 2011 and 2017 was undertaken. Patients were divided into two groups based on the type of flap: rhomboid or elliptical. The main outcomes measures were postoperative persistent or recurrent fistula.ResultsSeventy‐six ERAF procedures for CAF were identified in 71 patients; 39 had a classic rhomboid flap and 37 had an elliptical configuration with mean follow‐up of 13.8 and 13.9 months, respectively. The groups were similar for demographic parameters and preoperative fistula characteristics. The overall failure rate was 37%, with a success rate of 64% in the rhomboid and 62% in the elliptical group.ConclusionThe shape of the ERAF for treatment of CAF does not appear to influence failure rate.
Modified Gant–Miwa–Thiersch procedure (mucosal plication with anal encircling) for rectal prolapse
Authors: Iida Y. , Honda K. , Saitou H. , Munemoto Y. , Tanaka H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimRectal prolapse (RP) is usually associated with elderly women and is well recognized as having a detrimental effect on quality of life. A number of surgical procedures for RP are available, but morbidity and mortality are substantial. The Gant–Miwa–Thiersch procedure (GMT) has been frequently used for RP in Japan. However, as GMT has a high recurrence rate it is not widely used elsewhere. The aim of this study was to evaluate a modified version of GMT (mGMT) in comparison with other procedures.MethodmGMT was performed under spinal or local anaesthesia in 187 patients with RP. No normal mucosa was left between the tags and lateral wounds were created in the Thiersch procedure. Morbidity, mortality and recurrence rates were recorded.ResultsNo serious postoperative complications and no operative deaths occurred after mGMT. Eight per cent of patients suffered from infection of the strings. The overall recurrence rate after mGMT was 7.5% with a median follow‐up period of 13.8 years.ConclusionOn the basis of these results, we consider that mGMT has a number of advantages: it is minimally invasive, does not require general anaesthesia, is technically simple to perform and is associated with satisfactory outcomes and low morbidity. mGMT should be considered an option for the treatment of RP in elderly patients.
How to Find the Right Supply Chain Strategy? An Analysis of Contingency Variables
Authors: von Falkenhausen Christian , Fleischmann Moritz , Bode Christoph 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTContingency variables are characteristics of the business environment that influence the competitive priorities supply chains should pursue for maximizing profits. But which contingency variables should managers focus on when developing a supply chain strategy? On the one hand, if important variables are omitted, the selected strategy may fail to fulfill the needs of the business environment. On the other hand, considering irrelevant variables unnecessarily complicates the strategy formation process, hence preventing well‐suited strategies from being found. As a first step toward resolving this trade‐off, our study analyzes the effects hypothesized to be underlying a set of frequently cited contingency variables referred to as “DWV3” (product lifecycle Duration, delivery time Window, demand Variability, demand Volume, product Variety) as well as contribution margins. We test the hypotheses on archival data from a leading chemical manufacturer using multilevel regression. Our findings indicate that demand variability, the delivery time window, and contribution margins are important for strategy development because they indicate to what extent companies should invest in market mediation. Volume, variety, and lifecycle duration are less important for this purpose, but may instead be used for analyzing the causes of demand variability.
Impact of physical exercise on sensor performance of the FreeStyle Libre intermittently viewed continuous glucose monitoring system in people with Type 1 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Moser O. , Eckstein M. L. , Mueller A. , Birnbaumer P. , Aberer F. , Koehler G. , Sourij C. , Kojzar H. , Holler P. , Simi H. , Pferschy P. , Dietz P. , Bracken R. M. , Hofmann P. , Sourij H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the sensor performance of the FreeStyle Libre intermittently viewed continuous glucose monitoring system using reference blood glucose levels during moderate‐intensity exercise while on either full or reduced basal insulin dose in people with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsTen participants with Type 1 diabetes [four women, mean ± sd age 31.4 ± 9.0 years, BMI 25.5±3.8 kg/m2, HbA1c 55±7 mmol/mol (7.2±0.6%)] exercised on a cycle ergometer for 55 min at a moderate intensity for 5 consecutive days at the clinical research facility, while receiving either their usual or a 75% basal insulin dose. After a 4‐week washout period, participants performed the second exercise period having switched to the alternative basal insulin dose. During exercise, reference capillary blood glucose values were analysed using the fully enzymatic‐amperometric method and compared with the interstitial glucose values obtained. Intermittently viewed continuous glucose monitoring accuracy was analysed according to median (interquartile range) absolute relative difference, and Clarke error grid and Bland–Altman analysis for overall glucose levels during exercise, stratified by glycaemic range and basal insulin dosing scheme (P<0.05).ResultsA total of 845 glucose values were available during exercise to evaluate intermittently viewed continuous glucose monitoring sensor performance. The median (interquartile range) absolute relative difference between the reference values and those obtained by the sensor across the glycaemic range overall was 22 (13.9–29.7)%, and was 36.3 (24.2–45.2)% during hypoglycaemia, 22.8 (14.6–30.6)% during euglycaemia and 15.4 (9–21)% during hyperglycaemia. Usual basal insulin dose was associated with a worse sensor performance during exercise compared with the reduced (75%) basal insulin dose [median (interquartile range) absolute relative difference: 23.7 (17.2–30.7)% vs 20.5 (12–28.1)%; P<0.001).ConclusionsThe intermittently viewed continuous glucose monitoring sensor showed diminished accuracy during exercise. Absolute glucose readings derived from the sensor should be used cautiously and need confirmation by additional finger‐prick blood glucose measurements.
Caspofungin for primary antifungal prophylaxis after T‐cell–replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide
Authors: Mariotti Jacopo , De Philippis Chiara , Bramanti Stefania , Sarina Barbara , Tordato Federica , Pocaterra Daria , Casari Erminia , Carlo‐Stella Carmelo , Santoro Armando , Castagna Luca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesT‐cell–replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo‐SCT) with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PT‐Cy) is at high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFI), and anti‐mold–active drug is required for primary antifungal prophylaxis (PAP) according to international guidelines. No data are available on the efficacy of caspofungin as PAP in this setting.MethodsHere, we report our retrospective experience with 103 consecutive patients treated with caspofungin as PAP after Haplo‐SCT. Caspofungin was administered only during the pre‐engraftment phase.ResultsHundred‐day cumulative incidence of proven‐probable IFI (PP‐IFI) was 8.7% and median day of onset was 19 post‐SCT. No patient died of PP‐IFI, and overall survival (OS) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM) hazard ratio (HR) for patients experiencing IFI were 1.02 (P = 0.9) and 0.7 (P = 0.7), respectively. Three‐year overall survival (OS) and 1‐year non‐relapse mortality (NRM) were 55% and 19%, respectively. By univariate analysis, duration of neutropenic phase and partial remission pre‐transplant disease status were associated with increased incidence of IFI, but were not confirmed by multivariate analysis.ConclusionIn summary, PAP with caspofungin is an effective strategy for preventing IFI in the context of Haplo‐SCT with PT‐Cy. Further efforts are required in order to identify more potent strategies able to avoid the occurrence of breakthrough infections.
The proper application of the wooden shoe: An overview
Authors: O'Grady S. E. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe wooden shoe provides the clinician with an alternative option to conventional farriery when treating a variety of foot problems such as acute/chronic laminitis, white line disease, distal phalanx fractures and poor‐quality hoof capsules. The wooden shoe provides a simplified method to apply many of the principles of therapeutic farriery which include redistributing the load or forces on the foot, repositioning breakover and providing heel elevation when necessary. Understanding the biomechanics of the wooden shoe along with understanding good basic farriery which include the appropriate foot trim, proper size, fit and placement of the wooden shoe on the foot combined with the appropriate application are essential for consistent success. This paper outlines what is considered to be the proper application of the wooden shoe.
Impact of tumour budding grade in 310 patients who underwent surgical resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ogino Mariko , Nakanishi Yoshitsugu , Mitsuhashi Tomoko , Hatanaka Yutaka , Amano Toraji , Marukawa Katsuji , Nitta Takeo , Ueno Takashi , Ono Masato , Kuwabara Shota , Yamada Tooru , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: January 2019

AimsTumour budding is a risk factor for poor prognosis in various cancers. Tumour buds may present an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) morphological phenotype. This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic impact of tumour budding grade and its association with clinicopathological and EMT‐related features in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC) or distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC).Methods and resultsSubjects included 195 PHCC and 115 DCC patients. The numbers of tumour buds in different patients were stratified for postoperative survival using the recursive partitioning technique. Consequently, the numbers of tumour buds in PHCC patients were classified into three grades; namely, low (0–4 buds); intermediate (5–11 buds); and high (≥12 buds); those of DCC patients were classified into two grades; namely, low (0–4 buds) and high (≥5 buds). In both PHCC and DCC patients, high tumour budding grade was associated with poor histological differentiation, higher pT factor, presence of lymphatic, venous, perineural invasion and regional lymph node metastasis. In PHCC patients, residual invasive tumour in the resected margin was also associated with high tumour budding grade. For both PHCC and DCC patients, high tumour budding grade was an independent adverse prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (P < 0001 and P = 0.046, respectively). Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the number of tumour buds increased in patients with tumours showing a mesenchymal profile (negative for E‐cadherin and positive for vimentin).ConclusionsHigher tumour budding grade is associated with invasive clinicopathological features, adverse postoperative prognosis and EMT status in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Endodontics and diabetes: association versus causation
Authors: Segura‐Egea J. J. , Cabanillas‐Balsera D. , Jiménez‐Sánchez M. C. , Martín‐González J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEndodontic Medicine has gained more attention and is becoming a more important issue in Endodontics. As an example, more than one hundred articles on this topic have been published in the last eight years. Several of these studies have found an association between endodontic variables, that is the prevalence of apical periodontitis, the prevalence of root canal treatment (RCT) and the outcome of RCT assessed as root filled teeth (RFT) with radiolucent periapical lesions (RPL) or non‐retained RFT, and several systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, smoking habits, osteoporosis, inherited coagulopaties, biological medications, low birth weight or physical fitness. However, the demonstration of association does not prove by itself the existence of a cause–effect relationship. Two variables can be related statistically to each other without either variable directly affecting the values of the other thus resulting in a non‐causal relationship. Causality is assumed when one variable is shown to contribute to the development of the other, and its removal is shown to reduce the frequency of disease. Therefore, once a significant statistical association has been found between two variables, it is necessary to exclude the presence of bias, which would imply that the association is artefactual, and to analyse if the causation criteria defined by Hill (Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1965; 58: 295‐300) are fulfilled to establish a causal relationship. Only if they are satisfied, can it be concluded that the association is causal. The aim of this study was to analyse the difference between association and causation, applying the criteria of causality to the specific case of the association between endodontic disease and diabetes mellitus.