bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eight urgent, fundamental and simultaneous steps needed to restore ocean health, and the consequences for humanity and the planet of inaction or delay
Authors: Laffoley Dan , Baxter John M. , Amon Diva J. , Currie Duncan E.J. , Downs Craig A. , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. , Harden‐Davies Harriet , Page Richard , Reid Chris P. , Roberts Callum M. , Rogers Alex , Thiele Thorsten , Sheppard Charles R.C. , Sumaila Rashid U. , Woodall Lucy C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The ocean crisis is urgent and central to human wellbeing and life on Earth; past and current activities are damaging the planet's main life support system for future generations. We are witnessing an increase in ocean heat, disturbance, acidification, bio‐invasions and nutrients, and reducing oxygen levels. Several of these act like ratchets: once detrimental or negative changes have occurred, they may lock in place and may not be reversible, especially at gross ecological and ocean process scales.
Each change may represent a loss to humanity of resources, ecosystem function, oxygen production and species. The longer we pursue unsuitable actions, the more we close the path to recovery and better ocean health and greater benefits for humanity in the future.
We stand at a critical juncture and have identified eight priority issues that need to be addressed in unison to help avert a potential ecological disaster in the global ocean. They form a purposely ambitious agenda for global governance and are aimed at informing decision‐makers at a high level. They should also be of interest to the general public.
Of all the themes, the highest priority is to rigorously address global warming and limit surface temperature rise to 1.5°C by 2100, as warming is the pre‐eminent factor driving change in the ocean. The other themes are establishing a robust and comprehensive High Seas Treaty, enforcing existing standards for Marine Protected Areas and expanding their coverage, especially in terms of high levels of protection, adopting a precautionary pause on deep‐sea mining, ending overfishing and destructive fishing practices, radically reducing marine pollution, putting in place a financing mechanism for ocean management and protection, and lastly, scaling up science/data gathering and facilitating data sharing.
By implementing all eight measures in unison, as a coordinated strategy, we can build resilience to climate change, help sustain fisheries productivity, particularly for low‐income countries dependent on fisheries, protect coasts (e.g. via soft‐engineering/habitat‐based approaches), promote mitigation (e.g. carbon storage) and enable improved adaptation to rapid global change.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder prevention program: SBIRT's role in averting fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Manriquez Maria , Starer Jacqueline , Parisi Vanessa , Tracy Erin , McFadden Tonya , Penney Lily 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEmpowering obstetricians to assess and improve their own practices of screening brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) in treating alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and preventing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the goal of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist (ACOG) FASD Prevention Program. The FASD Prevention Program is a CDC funded initiative of the ACOG which is the largest specialty professional membership organization in the United States. Obstetrics and gynecology as a specialty is dedicated to the broad, integrated medical and surgical care of women's health throughout their lifespan. Understanding of reproductive physiology, including the physiologic, social, cultural, environmental, and genetic factors that influence disease in women, is a major priority for ACOG. Preventive counseling and health education are essential and integral parts of the practice of obstetricians and gynecologists as they advance the individual and community‐based health of women of all ages. The FASD Prevention Program aims to provide obstetrician‐gynecologists with the resources and tools needed to communicate with patients and the communities they serve about alcohol use during pregnancy. This review describes activities to empower and educate providers to address alcohol use disorder in pregnancy and the effect of FASD.
Green synthesis of strontium nanoparticles self‐assembled in the presence of carboxymethyl cellulose: an in vivo imaging study
Authors: Fekri Hojjat Samareh , Ranjbar Mehdi , Noudeh Gholamreza Dehghan , Ziasistani Nazanin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the main derivatives of cellulose and is used as a drug carrier for hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, imaging in vivo, and biological applications. Encapsulation is a technology in which target compounds are coated with wall compounds to form microcapsules. This study reports a new chemical processing wet method for precipitation and encapsulation of strontium nanoparticles (Sr NPs) within CMC structures using a sonochemical method. Preparation parameters such as microwave power and irradiation time as well as morphology and particle size of Sr NPs were also investigated. Products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and atomic force microscopy. In this study, CMC was used as a biological stabilizer in a retentive phase to encapsulate Sr NPs. For the first time, Sr NPs were synthesized using CMC in a cost‐effective, simple, fast, micellation‐assisted, ultrasound method. Sr NPs were encapsulated in green capping agent structures of either 1%, 2% or 3% weight to provide an efficient optical nanostructure with a high yield at wavelengths 200–700 nm for use in in vivo imaging studies.
Osteochondral tissue coculture: An in vitro and in silico approach
Authors: Xue Ruikang , Chung Benedict , Tamaddon Maryam , Carr James , Liu Chaozong , Cartmell Sarah Harriet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOsteochondral tissue engineering aims to regenerate functional tissue‐mimicking physiological properties of injured cartilage and its subchondral bone. Given the distinct structural and biochemical difference between bone and cartilage, bilayered scaffolds, and bioreactors are commonly employed. We present an osteochondral culture system which cocultured ATDC5 and MC3T3‐E1 cells on an additive manufactured bilayered scaffold in a dual‐chamber perfusion bioreactor. Also, finite element models (FEM) based on the microcomputed tomography image of the manufactured scaffold as well as on the computer‐aided design (CAD) were constructed; the microenvironment inside the two FEM was studied and compared. In vitro results showed that the coculture system supported osteochondral tissue growth in terms of cell viability, proliferation, distribution, and attachment. In silico results showed that the CAD and the actual manufactured scaffold had significant differences in the flow velocity, differentiation media mixing in the bioreactor and fluid‐induced shear stress experienced by the cells. This system was shown to have the desired microenvironment for osteochondral tissue engineering and it can potentially be used as an inexpensive tool for testing newly developed pharmaceutical products for osteochondral defects.
Neuroimaging consequences of cerebral small vessel disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Huang Shujian , Wang Dan , Zhou Huiqun , Chen Zhengnong , Wang Hui , Li Yuehua , Yin Shankai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between severity of obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and the neuroimaging consequences of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD).MethodsPatients with OSAHS and age‐ and gender‐matched healthy control subjects completed the mini‐mental state examination and underwent an evoked‐related potential study and overnight polysomnographic monitoring. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to detect markers of silent cerebral SVD, including Virchow–Robin spaces (VRS) rated on a five‐point scale, white matter lesions, lacunar infarcts, and deep microbleeds. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and arousal index (AI) values, mean oxyhemoglobin saturation, the duration of snoring history, and MRI markers of small vessel disease with the incidence of enlarged VRS.ResultsThe study included 72 patients with severe OSAHS and 53 volunteers without OSAHS. The duration of snoring history ranged from 5 to 22 years in the OSAHS group. Smaller P3 amplitudes at Cz were found in OSAHS patients than control subjects (p < .05), which is associated with neurocognitive impairment. Enlarged VRS were more prevalent in the basal ganglia and centrum semiovale of patients with OSAHS than in the control group. No significant between‐group differences were observed in the number of white matter lesions, lacunar infarcts, and deep microbleeds. Enlarged VRS were positively correlated with AHI and AI values in the OSAHS group (r = .63, p < .001; r = .55, p < .001, respectively).ConclusionsSilent cerebral SVD was more prevalent in patients with OSAHS than in the controls. Enlarged VRS observed in the basal ganglia and centrum semiovale were positively correlated with severity of OSAHS, which may contribute to cognitive impairment.
Renal denervation in patients with heart failure secondary to Chagas' disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Spadaro André G. , Bocchi Edimar A. , Souza Germano E. , Filho Antonio E. , Mariani José , Campos Carlos M. , Lemos Pedro A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionChagas disease is one of the most relevant endemic parasitic diseases in Latin America, affecting approximately 6 million people. Overt Chagas heart disease is an ominous condition, occurring in 20–30% of infected individuals, which has besides the persistent myocarditis a peculiar intracardiac ganglionic neuronal depletion and dysautonomy. This study aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of renal denervation for patients with advanced symptomatic Chagas cardiomyopathy.MethodsOpen‐label prospective pilot study that randomized patients with Chagas heart disease to either renal denervation or conservative treatment (2:1 ratio). The primary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse events at 9 months, defined as a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, need for renal artery invasive treatment, or worsening renal function.ResultsA total of 17 patients were allocated for renal denervation (n = 11) or conservative treatment (n = 6). Included patients had severe symptomatic heart disease, with markedly depressed left ventricular function (average ejection fraction 26.7 ± 4.9%). For patients randomized to renal denervation, the procedure was performed successfully and uneventfully. After 9 months, the primary endpoint occurred in 36.4% of patients in the renal denervation group and 50.0% in the control arm (p = .6). After 9 months, clinical, laboratory, functional, echocardiographic, and quality of life parameters were similar between groups.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that renal denervation is safe and feasible in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy, warranting future studies to better evaluate the clinical efficacy of the interventional strategy in improving the prognosis of this high‐risk population.
On the Accuracy of Density Functional Theory in Zeolite Catalysis
Authors: Goncalves Tiago J. , Plessow Philipp N. , Studt Felix 
Published: July 2019

AbstractZeolites are porous materials that are typically studied using periodic density functional theory (DFT). In this work we benchmark commonly used density functionals using cluster models for Brønsted acidic as well as copper substituted SSZ‐13 (H‐SSZ‐13 and Cu‐SSZ‐13). We find that for acid‐catalyzed reactions with relevance for the methanol‐to‐olefins process, barriers are the main challenge as they are commonly underestimated by DFT. For reactions involving Cu‐SSZ‐13 (commonly used for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx, SCR), reaction energies are already a challenge for most density functionals. Our results show that the widely used PBE‐D3 functional leads to mean absolute errors larger than 40 kJ/mol for barrier heights. Hybrid functionals show significant improvements with the best tested functional herein M06 having an error of only 7 kJ/mol.
Numerical Simulation of Acetone Stripping from Water in a Microchannel Device
Authors: Ghadiri Mehdi , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Shirazian Saeed 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA 2D mathematical model was developed in this study to simulate acetone separation from water by using a microstripper device. Model validation was implemented through a comparison of simulation results of acetone removal from water and experimental data for dry nitrogen over a wide range of carrier gas and liquid velocities. A comparison of experimental data and simulation results illustrated reasonable agreement. The results indicate that increasing the liquid velocity reduces the acetone removal rate because increasing liquid velocity results in a decrease in the residence time of liquid in the liquid channel, whereas there is an enhancement in acetone removal with increasing carrier gas velocity. A sharp decrease in acetone concentration in the liquid channel was observed.
Engineering electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate under bioprocess‐compatible conditions to bioreactor scale
Authors: Hegner Richard , Neubert Katharina , Rosa Luis F. M. , Harnisch Falk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe coupling of electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate with the microbial biosynthesis of valuable products is promising for exploiting CO2 as well as to store excess renewable electricity. Here, electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate at bioprocess‐compatible conditions was transferred from the scale of 50 mL electrochemical cells to 1 L electrobioreactors. In the 1 L electrobioreactor, a reproducible coulombic efficiency of 74.9±5.5 % and formate production rate of 0.038±0.005 mmol h−1 cm−2 could be achieved. Autoclaving by standard steam sterilization was shown to negatively affect the reliability of the process performance and, therefore, needs further investigation. However, mass transfer is not limiting for the process performance. Thus, the coupling of electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate with microbial biosynthesis in sterile conditions at technical scale can be targeted in the future.
Enhanced Solution and Solid‐State Emission and Tunable White‐Light Emission Harvested by Supramolecular Approaches
Authors: Lou Xin‐Yue , Song Nan , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrganic luminescent materials with high quantum yields and/or white‐light‐emitting properties in particular play a crucial role in labeling and optoelectronic devices. In this work we have synthesized a new 2,3,6,7‐tetramethoxy‐9,10‐di‐p‐tolylanthracene‐bridged pillar[5]arene dimer with persistent mazarine blue fluorescent emission and much higher quantum yields in both solution and the solid state in comparison with its corresponding emissive linker without pillarene units, which exhibits typical aggregation‐caused quenching. According to the fluorescence data and single‐crystal analyses, their contrasting fluorescent performances can be rationally ascribed to their different stacking structures and intermolecular interactions. Three fluorescent guests containing different chromophores and/or terminal binding sites have also been synthesized to interact with the pillar[5]arene dimer to construct supramolecular ensembles with highly controllable luminescence, taking advantage of the stimuli‐responsive properties of the supramolecular host–guest interactions. Intriguingly, multicolor fluorescence, including white‐light emission (0.31, 0.35), which is in high demand, has been achieved by tuning the molar ratio of the host and guest and/or by changing the solvent system. This strategy holds great potential for the design and development of fluorescent materials with high quantum yields, controllable emission wavelength, and good stimuli‐responsiveness.
Synthesis of Distorted 1,8,13‐Trisilyl‐9‐hydroxytriptycenes by Triple Cycloaddition of Ynolates to 3‐Silylbenzynes
Authors: Yoshinaga Tatsuro , Fujiwara Takumi , Iwata Takayuki , Shindo Mitsuru 
Published: July 2019

Abstract1,8,13‐Trialkyl(aryl)silyl‐9‐hydroxytriptycenes (trisilyltriptycenes) were synthesized by the triple addition of ynolates and 3‐silylbenzynes with high regioselectivity. Benzene rings in the resulting triptycenes were highly distorted where the dihedral angles between the substituents were as high as 35°. The distortion energy induced step‐by‐step halogenation reactions to yield halogenated triptycenes, including chiral triptycenes. The 1,8,13‐trihalogenated triptycenes were then converted to 1,8,13‐functionalized triptycenes.
Spatiotemporally Coupled Photoactivity of Phthalocyanine–Peptide Conjugate Self‐Assemblies for Adaptive Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Li Shukun , Zhao Luyang , Chang Rui , Xing Ruirui , Yan Xuehai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpatiotemporally coupled tumor phototheranostic platforms offer a flexible and precise system that takes the biological interaction between tumors and photoactive agents into consideration for optimizing treatment, which is highly consistent with precision medicine. However, the fabrication of monocomponent‐based photoactive agents applicable to multifold imaging techniques and multiple therapies in a facile way remains challenging. In this study, we developed simple phthalocyanine–peptide (PF) conjugate‐based monocomponent nanoparticles with spatiotemporally coupled photoactivity for adaptive tumor theranostics. The self‐assembled PF nanoparticles possess well‐defined spherical nanostructures and excellent colloidal stability along with supramolecular photothermal effects. Importantly, the PF nanoparticles showed switchable photoactivity triggered by their interactions with the cell membrane, which enables an adaptive transformation from photothermal therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) to photodynamic therapy (PDT) and corresponding fluorescence imaging (FI). Theranostic modalities are integrated in a spatiotemporally coupled manner, providing a facile, biocompatible and effective route for localized tumor phototherapy. This study offers a flexible and versatile strategy to integrate multiple theranostic modalities into a single component so that it can realize its full potential and thereby amplify its therapeutic efficacy, creating promising opportunities for the design of theranostics and further highlighting their clinical prospects to the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
Stable Borepinium and Borafluorenium Heterocycles: A Reversible Thermochromic “Switch” Based on Boron–Oxygen Interactions
Authors: Yang Wenlong , Krantz Kelsie E. , Freeman Lucas A. , Dickie Diane A. , Molino Andrew , Kaur Aishvaryadeep , Wilson David J. D. , Gilliard Robert J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe first examples of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC) stabilized borepinium and borafluorenium heterocycles are reported herein. The optical properties of the heterocyclic borenium cations were tuned by varying the Lewis base and by changing the number of atoms in the ring. More importantly, functionalizing the cationic boron ring system in the NHC‐borafluorenium cation affords a temperature‐sensitive molecule with reversible colorimetric “turn off/turn on” properties in solution. Notably, this is the first report of thermochromism in these cationic species. This property, which is mediated by an intermolecular boron–oxygen bond equilibrium, was examined in detail by X‐ray crystallography, variable temperature‐UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy (VT‐UV/Vis), and density functional theory (DFT).
Selective distortion of the planar group CαC'(O)O to a chiral flat tetrahedron in the amino acid alanine
Authors: Brunner Henri , Tsuno Takashi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBased on a Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) search, a meta‐analysis of 116 structures of alanine H3NCαH(CH3)C′(O)O and its derivatives H3NCαH(CH3)C′(O)O(H/R/M), protonated, esterified, or coordinated at the carboxylic group, shows that in the first step of a chirality chain, the L configuration at Cα induces (M) and (P) conformations with respect to rotation around the central C′─Cα bond. In the second step, the (M) and (P) conformations selectively distort the planar carboxylic group CαC'(Ocis)Otrans to asymmetric flat (R) and (S) tetrahedra. High diastereoselectivities are caused by the two players attraction N…Ocis and repulsion Otrans…CMe, which work together in (L,M,R) configurations but against each other in (L,P,S) configurations.
Systemverfahrenstechnik – Eine philosophische Begriffsanalyse
Authors: Kuhn Michael , Briesen Heiko 
Published: July 2019

Abstract„Systemverfahrenstechnik” scheint sprachlich und inhaltlich häufig unklar. Basierend auf einer philosophischen Analyse, welche die Begriffe „System”, „Technik” und „Verfahren” erschließt, wird daher eine möglichst tragfähige Definition von Systemverfahrenstechnik erarbeitet und zur Diskussion gestellt. Dabei wird betont, dass vor allem die systembasierte Arbeitsweise die betrachtete Disziplin von anderen verfahrenstechnischen Subdisziplinen abgrenzt.
Investigation and development of gravity separators with a standardized experimental setup
Authors: Steinhoff Jan , Charlafti Evgenia , Reinecke Laura , Kraume Matthias , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis contribution presents a standardized experimental setup for the development of gravity separators. Two different optical measurement techniques for the characterization of the inlet and outlet dispersion with a droplet spectrum of 20‐2000 μm are used. The settling behaviour in a standardized batch settling test (ERICAA cell) serves as a basis for predicting the drop diameter resolved separation efficiency of a horizontal continuous separator. The latter (DN150, length 0.65 m) was operated and monitored with a phase fraction of up to 15% and a load of up to 17.0 m3 m−2 h−1. A paraffin oil with a viscosity of 10 mPa s was the dispersed and water the continuous phase. Sauter mean diameters of dispersions measured inline show a good agreement with those calculated from batch settling tests. Additionally, the modelled separation efficiencies are compared to the experimental results produced with the continuous separator.
Computational modeling of the fluid flow and the flexible intimal flap in type B aortic dissection via a monolithic arbitrary Lagrangian/Eulerian fluid‐structure interaction model
Authors: Ryzhakov Pavel , Soudah Eduardo , Dialami Narges 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present work, we perform numerical simulations of the fluid flow in type B aortic dissection (AD), accounting for the flexibility of the intimal flap. The interaction of the flow with the intimal flap is modeled using a monolithic arbitrary Lagrangian/Eulerian fluid‐structure interaction model. The model relies on choosing velocity as the kinematic variable in both domains (fluid and solid) facilitating the coupling. The fluid flow velocity and pressure evolution at different locations is studied and compared against the experimental evidence and the formerly published numerical simulation results. Several tear configurations are analyzed. Details of the fluid flow in the vicinity of the tears are highlighted. Influence of the tear size upon the fluid flow and the flap deformation is discussed.