bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyvinyl alcohol/soy protein isolate nanofibrous patch for wound-healing applications
Authors: Khabbaz Bahareh , Solouk Atefeh , Mirzadeh Hamid 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Soy protein isolate (SPI), due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, abundance and being inexpensive, is a suitable polymer for medical applications. In this study, electrospun nanofibrous mats (ENMs) and casting films (CFs), comprising polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/SPI, were prepared and compared. Both crosslinked ENMs and CFs physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties were investigated for wound-healing applications. Considering the importance of exudate absorption by wound dressing the uptake test of all samples was performed in simulated exudate solution. The amount of absorbed exudate, water vapor transmission rate, and mechanical elongation for CFs were 69.243% ± 22.7, 266.7 g/m2 day, and 2.0825% and increased to 383.33% ± 105.3, 1332.02 g/m2 day, and 12.292% in the case of ENMs, respectively. There was no significant difference between cell supporting of the two samples due to similar composition and their non-toxic properties. The results showed that ENMs have promising potential in wound-healing applications.
Environmental governance with Chinese characteristics: are environmental model cities a good example for other municipalities?
Authors: Brehm Stefan , Svensson Jesper 
Published: September 2019

AbstractModel programs such as the ‘environmental protection model city’ have become an inherent part of China’s urban environmental governance. The role of these incentive schemes for promoting best practice, however, has been neglected so far. In this study, we show that model city programs raise the bar in terms of environmental standards. What is more, model cities have a positive impact on regional economic development. We deploy a spatial Durbin model to measure best practice diffusion among 126 key environmental protection cities between 2009 and 2012. The results suggest that environmental model cities are better performers on average. We also find evidence for a positive spillover effect. Diffusion patterns are multi-layered where economic proximity is the most important dimension, followed by physical colocation and administrative hierarchy.
Correction: Phylogenetic, genomic, and biogeographic characterization of a novel and ubiquitous marine invertebrate-associated Rickettsiales parasite, Candidatus Aquarickettsia rohweri, gen. nov., sp. nov
Authors: Klinges J Grace , Rosales Stephanie M , McMinds Ryan , Shaver Elizabeth C , Shantz Andrew A , Peters Esther C , Eitel Michael , Wörheide Gert , Sharp Koty H , Burkepile Deron E , Silliman Brian R , Thurber Rebecca L Vega 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Design rules for scalability in spin-orbit electronics
Authors: Kazemi Mohammad , Bocko Mark F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpin-orbit electronics (spin-orbitronics) has been widely discussed for enabling nonvolatile devices that store and process information with low power consumption. The potential of spin-orbitronics for memory and logic applications has been demonstrated by perpendicular anisotropy magnetic devices comprised of heavy-metal/ferromagnet or topological-insulator/ferromagnet bilayers, where the heavy metal or topological insulator provides an efficient source of spin current for manipulating information encoded in the bistable magnetization state of the ferromagnet. However, to reliably switch at room temperature, spin-orbit devices should be large to reduce thermal fluctuations, thereby compromising scalability, which in turn drastically increases power dissipation and degrades performance. Here, we show that the scalability is not a fundamental limitation in spin-orbitronics, and by investigating the interactions between the geometry of the ferromagnetic layer and components of the spin-orbit torque, we derive design rules that lead to deeply scalable spin-orbit devices. Furthermore, employing experimentally verified models, we propose deeply scaled spin-orbit devices exhibiting high-speed deterministic switching at room temperature. The proposed design principles are essential for design and implementation of very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) systems that provide high performance operation with low power consumption.
The nucleophilic amino group of lysine is central for histone lysine methyltransferase catalysis
Authors: Al Temimi Abbas H. K. , Amatdjais-Groenen Helene I. V. , Reddy Y. Vijayendar , Blaauw Richard H. , Guo Hong , Qian Ping , Mecinović Jasmin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHistone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) are biomedically important epigenetic enzymes that catalyze the transfer of methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to lysine’s nucleophilic ε-amino group in histone tails and core histones. Understanding the chemical basis of KMT catalysis is important for discerning its complex biology in disease, structure-function relationship, and for designing specific inhibitors with therapeutic potential. Here we examine histone peptides, which possess simplest lysine analogs with different nucleophilic character, as substrates for human KMTs. Combined MALDI-TOF MS experiments, NMR analyses and molecular dynamics and free-energy simulations based on quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) potential provide experimental and theoretical evidence that KMTs do have an ability to catalyze methylation of primary amine-containing N-nucleophiles, but do not methylate related amide/guanidine-containing N-nucleophiles as well as simple O- and C-nucleophiles. The results demonstrate a broader, but still limited, substrate scope for KMT catalysis, and contribute to rational design of selective epigenetic inhibitors.
Arih2 gene influences immune response and tissue development in chicken
Authors: Wu Guanxian , Xu Sifan , Zhang Wanting , Liu Yang , Wang Qiuyuan , Man Chaolai 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Ariadne homolog 2 (ARIH2), as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is one of the important factors involved in regulating biological functions, such as inflammation and skeletal muscle degeneration. In the present study, the full-length coding sequence of Arih2 gene was cloned from Hy-Line Brown chicken. The tissue transcriptional profiles of Arih2 gene at different developmental stages were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the Arih2 functional characteristics in immune response were analyzed. The results showed that the full-length coding sequence of Arih2 gene was 1473 bp, encoding 490 amino acids, and conservative between different species. The Arih2 gene was transcribed in various tissues at different developmental stages, and its transcriptional activities varied significantly between multiple tissues. With the development of chicken, Arih2 gene was basically up-regulated in heart, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle and glandular stomach, but fluctuated significantly in large intestine. In immune response, the transcriptional activities of Arih2 gene exhibited significant changes in the bursa, thymus and blood (P&lt;0.05). The results showed that Arih2 might be a multifunctional gene involved in tissue development and immune response in chicken, and have a potential possible application as diagnostic marker for identifying immune response.
Adhesion and growth factor receptor crosstalk mechanisms controlling cell migration
Authors: Thomas Joanna R. , Paul Nikki R. , Morgan Mark R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cell migration requires cells to sense and interpret an array of extracellular signals to precisely co-ordinate adhesion dynamics, local application of mechanical force, polarity signalling and cytoskeletal dynamics. Adhesion receptors and growth factor receptors (GFRs) exhibit functional and signalling characteristics that individually contribute to cell migration. Integrins transmit bidirectional mechanical forces and transduce long-range intracellular signals. GFRs are fast acting and highly sensitive signalling machines that initiate signalling cascades to co-ordinate global cellular processes. Syndecans are microenvironment sensors that regulate GTPases to control receptor trafficking, cytoskeletal remodelling and adhesion dynamics. However, an array of crosstalk mechanisms exists, which co-ordinate and integrate the functions of the different receptor families. Here we discuss the nature of adhesion receptor and GFR crosstalk mechanisms. The unifying theme is that efficient cell migration requires precise spatial and temporal co-ordination of receptor crosstalk. However, a higher order of complexity emerges; whereby multiple crosstalk mechanisms are integrated and subject to both positive and negative feedbacks. Exquisite and sensitive control of these mechanisms ensures that mechanical forces and pro-migratory signals are triggered in the right place and at the right time during cell migration. Finally, we discuss the challenges, and potential therapeutic benefits, associated with deciphering this complexity.
ALMA observations of water deuteration: a physical diagnostic of the formation of protostars
Authors: Jensen S. S. , Jørgensen J. K. , Kristensen L. E. , Furuya K. , Coutens A. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Harsono D. , Persson M. V. 
Published: September 2019

Context. How water is delivered to planetary systems is a central question in astrochemistry. The deuterium fractionation of water can serve as a tracer for the chemical and physical evolution of water during star formation and can constrain the origin of water in Solar System bodies.
Aims. The aim is to determine the HDO/H2O ratio in the inner warm gas toward three low-mass Class 0 protostars selected to be in isolated cores, i.e., not associated with any cloud complexes. Previous sources for which the HDO/H2O ratio have been established were all part of larger star-forming complexes. Determining the HDO/H2O ratio toward three isolated protostars allows comparison of the water chemistry in isolated and clustered regions to determine the influence of local cloud environment.
Methods. We present ALMA Band 6 observations of the HDO 31,2–22,1 and 21,1–21,2 transitions at 225.897 GHz and 241.562 GHz along with the first ALMA Band 5 observations of the H218O 31,3–22,0 transition at 203.407 GHz. The high angular resolution observations (0′′.3–1′′.3) allow the study of the inner warm envelope gas. Model-independent estimates for the HDO/H2O ratios are obtained and compared with previous determinations of the HDO/H2O ratio in the warm gas toward low-mass protostars.
Results. We successfully detect the targeted water transitions toward the three sources with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 5. We determine the HDO/H2O ratio toward L483, B335 and BHR71–IRS1 to be (2.2 ± 0.4) × 10−3, (1.7 ± 0.3) × 10−3, and (1.8 ± 0.4) × 10−3, respectively, assuming Tex = 124 K. The degree of water deuteration of these isolated protostars are a factor of 2–4 higher relative to Class 0 protostars that are members of known nearby clustered star-forming regions.
Conclusions. The results indicate that the water deuterium fractionation is influenced by the local cloud environment. This effect can be explained by variations in either collapse timescales or temperatures, which depends on local cloud dynamics and could provide a new method to decipher the history of young stars.
Clinical Characterization of Mucolipidoses II and III: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Alegra Taciane , Sperb-Ludwig Fernanda , Guarany Nicole Ruas , Ribeiro Erlane M. , Lourenço Charles M. , Kim Chong Ae , Valadares Eugênia R. , Galera Marcial Francis , Acosta Angelina X. , Horovitz Dafne Dain Gandelman , Schwartz Ida Vanessa Doederlein 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMucolipidoses (MLs) II and III are rare lysosomal diseases caused by deficiency of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, and clinical manifestations are multisystemic. Clinical and demographic data from 1983 to 2013 were obtained retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients were included (ML II = 15, ML III α/beta = 9, ML III gamma = 3). The median age at diagnosis was 2.7 years. The predominant clinical presentations were skeletal symptoms. The ML II patients showed physical and cognitive impairment, while the ML III α/beta patients have more somatic abnormalities and usually were delayed in early development as compared with ML III gamma patients. This is the most comprehensive study exploring characteristics of Brazilian patients with MLs II and III.
Morphometry of Glasscock’s Triangle Pertinent to the Exposure of Horizontal Intrapetrosal Segment of the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Siddiqui Abu Ubaida , Gurudiwan Richa , Siddiqui Abu Talha , Chaudhary Nikita , John Meryl Rachel , Gupta Paritosh 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background and Aim The specific anatomical triangles around the cavernous sinus are frequently explored areas in neurosurgeries and thus require a methodical approach keeping in mind the possibility of variational anatomy and morphometric differences. One of the most inconsistent triangles is the Glasscock’s (posterolateral) triangle (GT) in the middle cranial fossa.
Materials and Methods The present study was undertaken on 26 skull bases of the middle cranial fossa from cadavers and 42 dry adult skulls from the departmental collection to analyze parameters of the GT pertinent to the horizontal intrapetrosal segment of the internal carotid artery. The measurements of all sides of the GT were done and the mean surface area was calculated using Heron’s formula. The findings of the study were compared with earlier works where other methods of investigation were employed, such as, dry bones/computed tomography scans, cadaveric studies.
Observations The GT in the present study had a mean surface area of 43 mm﻿2. The study presented with variable morphological and morphometric data as compared with earlier studies. The scientific attribute to the differences in parameters is presumably relevant to the racial differences as well as the pathophysiological condition of the subject.
Conclusions Surgical interventions to the base of the skull have evolved enormously over the years. Earlier studies have described the triangle on cadaveric specimen. We have attempted to revisit the area in cadaveric as well as dry skull base. Flawless information of the area under surgery augments safer procedures and reduction in the damage to brain tissue as well as the cranial nerves. The putative clinical implications of the present study are useful in helping in high precision surgeries and enhanced patient care. The highly variable GT needs to be understood properly for a desired culmination in ICA exposure in the intrapetrosal segment.
Phosphorylation of mitochondrial matrix proteins regulates their selective mitophagic degradation
Authors: Kolitsida Panagiota , Zhou Jianwen , Rackiewicz Michal , Nolic Vladimir , Dengjel Jörn , Abeliovich Hagai 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies many age-related human pathologies. In normal cells, defective mitochondria are often degraded by mitophagy, a process in which these mitochondria are engulfed in autophagosomes and sent for degradation in the lysosome/vacuole. Surprisingly, studies on mitophagy in diverse eukaryotic organisms reveal an unexpected dimension of protein-level selectivity, wherein individual protein species exhibit divergent rates of mitophagic degradation. In this report, we show that this surprising intramitochondrial selectivity can be generated by differential phosphorylation of individual mitochondrial protein species, and we identify mitochondrial phosphatases and kinases that contribute to this regulation. By identifying a mechanism that regulates the intramitochondrial selectivity of mitophagic degradation, our findings open the door to potential manipulation of the quality-control process in the future.
Climate cooling and clade competition likely drove the decline of lamniform sharks
Authors: Condamine Fabien L. , Romieu Jules , Guinot Guillaume 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Many lineages increase in diversity through time, and some of them eventually decline and get replaced. The causes of such diversity decline remain elusive and are especially difficult to understand over a long-time scale and global distribution. Relying on unprecedented species-level fossil datasets spanning the last 140 million years, we investigated the causes of the wax and wane of mackerel sharks (Lamniformes), including the great white shark. We find that both temperature and competition with some ecologically similar members of their sister group, the ground sharks, played a substantial role in the lamniform demise. Our results provide quantitative evidence that the Court Jester and Red Queen can jointly drive the radiation and extinction of entire lineages.
Glioblastoma ablates pericytes antitumor immune function through aberrant up-regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
Authors: Valdor Rut , García-Bernal David , Riquelme Dolores , Martinez Carlos M. , Moraleda Jose M. , Cuervo Ana Maria , Macian Fernando , Martinez Salvador 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most lethal brain malignancy without an effective treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that tumor-induced change in chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in host perivascular cells is a targetable process to prevent GB progression. CMA regulates pericyte interaction with tumor cells and sustains the acquired immunosuppressive function of pericytes, which is required for tumor survival. Blockage of CMA results in changes in the protein levels involved in cell-to-cell interaction and affects the pericyte secretory phenotype, resulting in defective GB adhesion and diminished tumor survival. This work reveals a previously unknown capacity of GB to modulate host pericyte CMA to assist in its own progression. Our results highlight the possibility of targeting CMA to treat this aggressive disease.
Phosphorylation of DEPDC5, a component of the GATOR1 complex, releases inhibition of mTORC1 and promotes tumor growth
Authors: Padi Sathish K. R. , Singh Neha , Bearss Jeremiah J. , Olive Virginie , Song Jin H. , Cardó-Vila Marina , Kraft Andrew S. , Okumura Koichi 
Published: September 2019

SignificanceThe mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) pathway plays a critical role in driving cancer growth. We have identified a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism that controls mTORC1 activity in which Pim and AKT kinases, 2 enzymes with increased activity in cancer phosphorylate DEPDC5, a member of the GATOR1 complex that senses cellular amino acid levels. The critical nature of this substrate to the activity of these protein kinases is demonstrated by the fact that deletion or mutation of DEPDC5 partially blocks the ability of Pim and Pim plus AKT inhibitors to suppress tumor cell growth. Thus, protein kinases regulate the amino acid sensing cascade to control mTORC1 activity and tumor cell growth.
Mast cells are critical for controlling the bacterial burden and the healing of infected wounds
Authors: Zimmermann C. , Troeltzsch D. , Giménez-Rivera V. A. , Galli S. J. , Metz M. , Maurer M. , Siebenhaar F. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Mast cells are key effector cells of the innate immune system and have been shown to orchestrate host–defense responses against a variety of pathogens. In this report, we demonstrate the importance of mast cells for the control of bacterial wound infections, by which mast cell-derived IL-6 turns keratinocytes into better bacterial killers.
Discovering long noncoding RNA predictors of anticancer drug sensitivity beyond protein-coding genes
Authors: Nath Aritro , Lau Eunice Y. T. , Lee Adam M. , Geeleher Paul , Cho William C. S. , Huang R. Stephanie 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Identification of genomic biomarkers that predict response to anticancer agents is the central research problem of cancer precision medicine. While the vast majority of the human genome encodes long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as compared to protein-coding genes, thus far the characterization of lncRNAs as potential biomarkers has proved challenging. Here, we leverage data from large-scale cancer cell line screens to model response to hundreds of drugs as a function of lncRNA expression or somatic alteration. By carefully accounting for the confounding effects of tissue type, neighboring genes, and established biomarkers, the lncRNA models predict response to most drugs better than existing biomarkers. Thus, our framework can be applied for the discovery of lncRNAs as pharmacogenomic biomarkers in cancer research.
Inhibition of Δ24-dehydrocholesterol reductase activates pro-resolving lipid mediator biosynthesis and inflammation resolution
Authors: Körner Andreas , Zhou Enchen , Müller Christoph , Mohammed Yassene , Herceg Sandra , Bracher Franz , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Wang Yanan , Mirakaj Valbona , Giera Martin 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Lipid metabolism is crucial to many (patho-)physiological processes, including inflammation. In particular, cholesterol biosynthesis has emerged as an exciting novel therapeutic target in numerous recent studies. Much is known about the early steps in cholesterol biosynthesis; however, the later steps have hitherto largely been neglected. Here, we investigated the druggability of distal cholesterol biosynthesis using a selective and potent chemical probe (SH42). This inhibition leads to the accumulation of the bioactive metabolite desmosterol, boosting the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the downstream production of antiinflammatory mediators. Our report integrates distal cholesterol biosynthesis and its intermediate desmosterol with endogenous PUFA biosynthesis and resolution of inflammation, rendering this pathway attractive for further developments in the context of proresolving therapies.
Filled pauses across proficiency levels, L1s and learning context variables
Authors: Götz Sandra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe present study investigates the use of filled pauses in theTrinity Lancaster Corpus Sampleby 1,244 learners/second-language speakers of English at different proficiency levels (viz. B1-C2) from six different mother-tongue backgrounds, including speech communities in which English is spoken as a Foreign language (Italy, Mexico, Russia and Spain) and two speech communities where English is spoken as a second language (China/Hong Kong, India). Apart from the speakers’ country of origin and their proficiency levels, other learning context variables gathered from the learner profiles of the corpus sample are also taken into consideration. The study revealed that, while the number of filled pauses is indeed significantly different across proficiency levels, other learning context variables, such as the country of origin, the age of acquisition or the examiners’ experience turn out to have a much stronger effect on the learners’/speakers’ use of filled pauses. These findings are discussed with regard to their implications for learner corpus research in general, as well as the relevance of including such performance phenomena in current descriptor scales such as the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages in particular.