bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating cultivation using a tine weeder with herbicides in conventional peanut production
Authors: Johnson W. Carroll , Luo Xuelin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearch from the 1980s reported sweep cultivation being a cost-effective component in an integrated system to manage weeds in peanut. Previous weed management research conducted on organic peanut indicated that repeated cultivation with a tine weeder was an effective component in that production system. Studies were conducted in Tifton, GA, from 2014 through 2017 to determine whether tine weeding can be integrated with herbicides in conventional peanut production to supplement herbicides. Experiments evaluated a factorial arrangement of eight herbicide combinations and two levels of cultivation using a tine weeder. Herbicides were labeled rates of ethalfluralin PRE, S-metolachlor PRE, imazapic POST, ethalfluralin PRE + S-metolachlor PRE, ethalfluralin PRE + imazapic POST, S-metolachlor PRE + imazapic POST, ethalfluralin PRE + S-metolachlor PRE + imazapic POST, and a nontreated control. The herbicides chosen were based on knowledge of the weed species composition at the research sites and their common use in peanut. Cultivation regimes were cultivation with a tine weeder (six times at weekly intervals) and a noncultivated control. Benefits of tine weeding supplementing control from herbicides varied according to herbicide and weed species. For example, annual grasses were effectively controlled (88% to 97%) by ethalfluralin or S-metolachlor and did not need cultivation to supplement control provided by the herbicides. However, imazapic alone did not effectively control (54% to 75%) annual grasses and needed supplemental control from cultivation with the tine weeder. Similarly, imazapic effectively controlled (84% to 93%) smallflower morningglory and did not require cultivation to supplement control from the herbicide. However, cultivation with the tine weeder improved smallflower morningglory control (76% to 95%) when supplementing ethalfluralin or S-metolachlor. Peanut yields did not respond to any of the herbicide combinations integrated with cultivation using the tine weeder. During the time period when peanut was cultivated, there was greater total rainfall and more days of rainfall events in 2014 and 2017 compared with the other years. Rainfall and wet soils reduced the performance and weed control benefits of the tine weeder. This highlights the risk of depending on cultivation for weed control.
Mantle Degassing Through Continental Crust Triggered by Active Faults: The Case of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Batista Cruz Ramón Yosvanis , Rizzo Andrea Luca , Grassa Fausto , Bernard Romero Rubén , González Fernández Antonio , Kretzschmar Thomas Gunter , Gómez‐Arias Efraín 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this work, we report new chemical and isotopic data (3He/4He, δ13CCO2, δ13CCH4, and δDCH4) from poorly or previously unstudied hydrothermal and magmatic gases that are emitted along the eastern coast of the Baja California Peninsula (BCP). High 3He/4He values (up to ~7 Ra) characterize the magmatic gases, while lower ratios (≤1.6 Ra) characterize hydrothermal springs. We infer that the mantle beneath the BCP could be Mid‐ocean‐ridge basalt (MORB)‐likes, as in the rift within the Gulf of California, or it may reflect contamination from C‐rich sediment during paleo‐subduction of the Farallon plate. During their ascent, through the crust, mantle/magmatic gases mix with CO2‐ and 4He‐rich fluids, thus forming CO2‐rich hydrothermal gases. These hydrothermal gases undergo partial dissolution of CO2 in shallow waters under different temperature and pH conditions, which further modifies their composition. Thermogenic and possibly abiogenic sources of methane are present only in magmatic gases from the BCP. Secondary methane oxidation (microbial/inorganic) processes are proposed for some hydrothermal gases, which are extremely enriched in heavy isotopes. Finally, we argue that the hydrothermal gases that are emitted from the BCP have variable percentages of mantle contribution, indicating the presence of lithospheric faults enhancing the rise of mantle fluids also in areas where volcanism is absent.
The associations between smoking and obesity in northeast China: a quantile regression analysis
Authors: Sun Mengzi , Jiang Yan , Sun Chong , Li Jiagen , Guo Xin , Lv Yaogai , Yu Yaqin , Yao Yan , Jin Lina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObesity is a risk factors of chronic diseases, and smoking is associated with both chronic diseases and obesity. There were some controversies about the associations between smoking and obesity. Thus, our study aimed to explore the associations of smoking with obesity, using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as obesity indices in northeast China. We enrolled a sample of 16,412 participants in Jilin province aged 18–79 in this study, which were derived from a cross-sectional survey in 2012. We used quantile regression (QR) models to identify the associations of smoking with obesity in different quantiles of BMI (or WC) by genders. The differences of BMI and WC by genders were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, compared with current non-smokers, current smokers had lower BMI but higher WC. As increasing of WC, the association of WC with smoking was getting stronger, especially in females.
Differential potentials of neural progenitors for the generation of neurons and non-neuronal cells in the developing amniote brain
Authors: Hashimoto Yuki , Gotoh Hitoshi , Ono Katsuhiko , Nomura Tadashi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMature mammalian brains consist of variety of neuronal and non-neuronal cell types, which are progressively generated from embryonic neural progenitors through the embryonic and postnatal periods. However, it remains unknown whether all embryonic progenitors equivalently contribute to multiple cell types, or individual neural progenitors have variable potentials to generate specific cell types in a stochastic manner. Here, we performed population-level tracing of mouse embryonic neural progenitors by using Tol2-mediated genome integration vectors. We identified that neural progenitors in early embryonic stages predominantly contribute to cortical or subcortical neurons than astrocytes, ependymal cells, and neuroblasts in the postnatal brain. Notably, neurons and astrocytes were cumulatively labeled by the increase of total labeled cells, suggesting constant neurogenic and gliogenic potentials of individual neural progenitors. On the contrary, numbers of labeled ependymal cell are more fluctuated, implicating intrinsic variability of progenitor potentials for ependymal cell generation. Differential progenitor potentials that contribute to neurons, astrocytes, and ependymal cells were also detected in the developing avian pallium. Our data suggest evolutionary conservations of coherent and variable potentials of neural progenitors that generate multiple cell types in the developing amniote brain.
Comprehensive analysis of the GATA transcription factor gene family in breast carcinoma using gene microarrays, online databases and integrated bioinformatics
Authors: Yu Shan , Jiang Xuepeng , Li Juan , Li Chao , Guo Mian , Ye Fei , Zhang Maomao , Jiao Yufei , Guo Baoliang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntegrated studies of accumulated data can be performed to obtain more reliable information and more feasible measures for investigating the potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer and exploring related molecular mechanisms. Our study aimed to explore the GATA family members involved in breast cancer by integrating data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and other online databases. We performed an integrated analysis of published studies from GEO and analyzed clinical data from TCGA and GTEx to evaluate the clinical significance and prognosis values of the GATA family in breast cancer. GATA3 was found to be upregulated and exhibited a favorable value in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. Through this study, we identified possible GATA3-correlated genes and core pathways that play an important role, which requires further investigation in breast cancer.
Six novel immunoglobulin genes as biomarkers for better prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer by gene co-expression network analysis
Authors: Hsu Huan-Ming , Chu Chi-Ming , Chang Yu-Jia , Yu Jyh-Cherng , Chen Chien-Ting , Jian Chen-En , Lee Chia-Yi , Chiang Yueh-Tao , Chang Chi-Wen , Chang Yu-Tien 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGene co-expression network analysis (GCNA) can detect alterations in regulatory activities in case/control comparisons. We propose a framework to detect novel genes and networks for predicting breast cancer recurrence. Thirty-four prognosis candidate genes were selected based on a literature review. Four Gene Expression Omnibus Series (GSE) microarray datasets (n = 920) were used to create gene co-expression networks based on these candidates. We applied the framework to four comparison groups according to node (+/−) and recurrence (+/−). We identified a sub-network containing two candidate genes (LST1 and IGHM) and six novel genes (IGHA1, IGHD, IGHG1, IGHG3, IGLC2, and IGLJ3) related to B cell-specific immunoglobulin. These novel genes were correlated with recurrence under the control of node status and were found to function as tumor suppressors; higher mRNA expression indicated a lower risk of recurrence (hazard ratio, HR = 0.87, p = 0.001). We created an immune index score by performing principle component analysis and divided the genes into low and high groups. This discrete index significantly predicted relapse-free survival (RFS) (high: HR = 0.77, p = 0.019; low: control). Public tool KM Plotter and TCGA-BRCA gene expression data were used to validate. We confirmed these genes are correlated with RFS and distal metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and general breast cancer.
Ecological processes underpinning microbial community structure during exposure to subinhibitory level of triclosan
Authors: Oh Seungdae , Choi Donggeon , Cha Chang-Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEcological processes shaping the structure and diversity of microbial communities are of practical importance for managing the function and resilience of engineered biological ecosystems such as activated sludge processes. This study systematically evaluated the ecological processes acting during continuous exposure to a subinhibitory level of antimicrobial triclosan (TCS) as an environmental stressor. 16S rRNA gene-based community profiling revealed significant perturbations on the community structure and dramatic reduction (by 20–30%) in species diversity/richness compared to those under the control conditions. In addition, community profiling determined the prevalence of the deterministic processes overwhelming the ecological stochasticity. Analysis of both community composition and phenotypes in the TCS-exposed communities suggested the detailed deterministic mechanism: selection of TCS degrading (Sphingopyxis) and resistant (Pseudoxanthomonas) bacterial populations. The analysis also revealed a significant reduction of core activated sludge members, Chitinophagaceae (e.g., Ferruginibacter) and Comamonadaceae (e.g., Acidovorax), potentially affecting ecosystem functions (e.g., floc formation and nutrient removal) directly associated with system performance (i.e., wastewater treatment efficiency and effluent quality). Overall, our study provides new findings that inform the mechanisms underlying the community structure and diversity of activated sludge, which not only advances the current understanding of microbial ecology in activated sludge, but also has practical implications for the design and operation of environmental bioprocesses for treatment of antimicrobial-bearing waste streams.
High‐selectivity bandpass filter using six pairs of quarter‐wavelength coupled lines
Authors: Zhang Fengyu , Xu Kai‐Da 
Published: March 2019

A novel high‐selectivity bandpass filter (BPF) with multiple transmission poles (TPs) and transmission zeros (TZs) using six pairs of quarter‐wavelength coupled lines has been presented. By employing two pairs of side‐coupled lines and four pairs of open/shorted coupled lines, high roll‐off skirt characteristic, and good stopband rejection can be achieved with five TPs and six TZs. Theoretical analysis is explained and simulated results are illustrated for this high‐performance filter. Finally, a BPF example with a centre frequency of 1.9 GHz and a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 9% is designed, fabricated, and measured. It is shown that the measured lower and upper stopband rejections are better than 38 and 16 dB, respectively. Good agreement between the simulations and measurements validates the design method.
The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey
Authors: Britavskiy N. , Lennon D. J. , Patrick L. R. , Evans C. J. , Herrero A. , Langer N. , van Loon J. Th. , Clark J. S. , Schneider F. R. N. , Almeida L. A. , Sana H. , de Koter A. , Taylor W. D. 
Published: March 2019

Aims. We estimate physical parameters for the late-type massive stars observed as part of the VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey (VFTS) in the 30 Doradus region of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC).
Methods. The observational sample comprises 20 candidate red supergiants (RSGs) which are the reddest ((B − V) > 1 mag) and brightest (V < 16 mag) objects in the VFTS. We use optical and near-infrared (near-IR) photometry to estimate their temperatures and luminosities, and introduce the luminosity–age diagram to estimate their ages.
Results. We derive physical parameters for our targets, including temperatures from a new calibration of (J − Ks)0 colour for luminous cool stars in the LMC, luminosities from their J-band magnitudes (thence radii), and ages from comparisons with current evolutionary models. We show that interstellar extinction is a significant factor for our targets, highlighting the need to take it into account in the analysis of the physical parameters of RSGs. We find that some of the candidate RSGs could be massive AGB stars. The apparent ages of the RSGs in the Hodge 301 and SL 639 clusters show a significant spread (12–24 Myr). We also apply our approach to the RSG population of the relatively nearby NGC 2100 cluster, finding a similarly large spread.
Conclusions. We argue that the effects of mass transfer in binaries may lead to more massive and luminous RSGs (which we call “red stragglers”) than expected from single-star evolution, and that the true cluster ages correspond to the upper limit of the estimated RSG ages. In this way, the RSGs can serve as a new and potentially reliable age tracer in young star clusters. The corresponding analysis yields ages of 24−3+5 Myr for Hodge 301, 22−5+6 Myr for SL 639, and 23−2+4 Myr for NGC 2100.
Interferometric observations of SiO thermal emission in the inner wind of M-type AGB stars IK Tauri and IRC+10011
Authors: Verbena J. L. , Bujarrabal V. , Alcolea J. , Gómez-Garrido M. , Castro-Carrizo A. 
Published: March 2019

Context. Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars go through a process of strong mass loss that involves pulsations of the atmosphere, which extends to a region in which the conditions are adequate for dust grains to form. Radiation pressure acts on these grains which, coupled to the gas, drive a massive outflow. The details of this process are not clear, including which molecules are involved in the condensation of dust grains.
Aims. We seek to study the role of the SiO molecule in the process of dust formation and mass loss in M-type AGB stars.
Methods. Using the IRAM NOEMA interferometer we observed the 28SiO and 29SiO J = 3−2, v = 0 emission from the inner circumstellar envelope of the evolved stars IK Tau and IRC+10011. We computed azimuthally averaged emission profiles to compare the observations to models using a molecular excitation and ray-tracing code for SiO thermal emission.
Results. We observe circular symmetry in the emission distribution. We also find that the source diameter varies only marginally with radial velocity, which is not the expected behaviour for envelopes expanding at an almost constant velocity. The adopted density, velocity, and abundance laws, together with the mass-loss rate, which best fit the observations, give us information concerning the chemical behaviour of the SiO molecule and its role in the dust formation process.
Conclusions. The results indicate that there is a strong coupling between the depletion of gas-phase SiO and gas acceleration in the inner envelope. This could be explained by the condensation of SiO into dust grains.
Zitratbasierte Antikoagulation
Authors: Tölle Markus 
Published: March 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSeit Beginn der Durchführung von extrakorporalen Verfahren stellt sich die Frage nach einer adäquaten Antikoagulation. In Deutschland wird diese im Rahmen der Dialysetherapie überwiegend systemisch mit unfraktionierten oder mit niedermolekularen Heparinen durchgeführt. Es ist zu bedenken, dass viele der Dialysepatienten aufgrund von Komorbiditäten unterschiedliche Antikoagulanzien einnehmen, unter denen bereits das Blutungsrisiko deutlich ansteigt. Darüber hinaus besteht ein breites Nebenwirkungsprofil im Rahmen der Heparintherapie. Eine regionale Antikoagulation ausschließlich im extrakorporalen Kreislauf ohne systemische Beeinflussung des Gerinnungssystems wäre daher wünschenswert. Hier wird die Nutzung von Zitrat im Rahmen kontinuierlicher Nierenersatzverfahren bereits als Standard empfohlen. Im Bereich der intermittierenden Nierenersatzverfahren ist der Stellenwert von Zitrat nicht im gleichen Maße etabliert, was u. a. an der technischen Ausstattung der derzeitigen Dialysemaschinen liegt. Dennoch gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten der zitratbasierten regionalen Antikoagulation im extrakorporalen Kreislauf, die in diesem Beitrag zusammenfassend dargestellt werden.
Orale Gesundheit und Schwangerschaft – Patientinnenbefragung anhand eines Fragebogens
Authors: Odermatt Tobias , Schötzau Andreas , Hoesli Irene 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung Die vorliegende Studie ging der Frage nach, wie gut die schwangeren Patientinnen über die Ursachen und Auswirkungen einer Schwangerschaftsgingivitis informiert waren. Die Faktoren Alter, Bildung und Herkunft sollten untersucht werde. Daten zum Mundhygieneverhalten sollten aufgenommen und Unterschiede zwischen ambulanten und stationären Schwangeren aufgezeigt werden. Mögliche Risikofaktoren bezüglich des Geburtsoutcomes galt es zu definieren.
Methodik Anhand eines Fragebogens wurden 83 Patientinnen (40 ambulant/43 stationär) zum Mundhygieneverhalten und zum Wissensstand bezüglich den Ursachen und Auswirkungen einer Gingivitis befragt. Bei 50 Patientinnen wurden zusätzlich die Daten über das Geburtsoutcome erhoben.
Ergebnisse Beim Vergleich wie gut die Schwangeren über die Auswirkungen einer Gingivitis informiert waren, schnitten die stationären Studienteilnehmerinnen signifikant besser ab, als die ambulanten Patientinnen. Die Bildung hatte mit einem p-Wert von 0,016 einen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf das Geburtsoutcome. 24% der Befragten wurden von ihrem Arzt oder Zahnarzt über besondere Mundhygienemassnahmen während der Schwangerschaft informiert. Subjektiv wahrgenommene Entzündungszeichen wie z. B. Bluten beim Zähneputzen traten bei mehr als der Hälfte der Befragten auf. Auch Emesis gehörte mit 31% zu einem häufig verbreiteten Schwangerschaftsgebrechen. 24% der Studienteilnehmerinnen gaben an, die Mundhygiene während der Schwangerschaft mit zusätzlichen Mundhygienehilfsmitteln zu verbessern. 27% der Befragten waren seit über einem Jahr nicht mehr in einer zahnärztlichen Kontrolle.
Fazit Laut der vorliegenden Studie wurde nur jede vierte Schwangere von ihrem Gynäkologen über einen Zahnarztbesuch informiert. Diese tiefe Aufklärungsrate seitens der Gynäkologen mag zu einem Grossteil daran liegen, dass parodontale Erkrankungen dem Gynäkologen und Geburtshelfer nur wenig vertraut sind und daher auch weniger Beachtung finden. Sinnvollerweise würde die Gynäkologin bzw. der Gynäkologe der Schwangeren bereits beim ersten Kontrolluntersuch zu einem Besuch beim Zahnarzt raten. Insbesondere die Risikogruppen gilt es möglichst früh zu sensibilisieren und zur Verbesserung der Mundhygiene zu motivieren. Hier kommt der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Gynäkologen und Zahnärzten eine besondere Bedeutung zu.
Acyl Transfer Strategies as Transient Activations for Enantioselective Synthesis
Authors: Rodriguez Jean , Quintard Adrien 
Published: March 2019

In order to circumvent reactivity or selectivity issues associated with the addition of enolates to electrophiles, chemists have devised innovative methods involving transient activating groups. One of these powerful methods consists of the use of activated ketones, such as α-nitroketones, β-dicarbonyl compounds or β-ketosulfones, with electrophiles possessing a latent hydroxy or amine function. In the presence of a suitable catalyst, an enantioselective addition to the electrophile is facilitated triggering a subsequent Claisen-type fragmentation resulting in an acyl transfer. This subsequent step unveils the desired mono-activated function while directly transferring the ketone, forming in situ on the other side an ester or an amide.1	Introduction2	Intramolecular Acyl Transfer with Acyclic Substrates2.1	Bifunctional Catalysis2.2	Aminocatalysis3	Intermolecular Acyl Transfer with Acyclic Substrates4	Medium-Sized-Ring Formation with Cyclic Substrates5	Conclusion
Dosimetric accuracy and radiobiological implications of ion computed tomography for proton therapy treatment planning
Authors: Meyer Sebastian , Kamp Florian , Tessonnier Thomas , Mairani Andrea , Belka Claus , Carlson David J , Gianoli Chiara , Parodi Katia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Ion computed tomography (iCT) represents a potential replacement for x-ray CT (xCT) in ion therapy treatment planning to reduce range uncertainties, inherent in the semi-empirical conversion of xCT information into relative stopping power (RSP). In this work, we aim to quantify the increase in dosimetric accuracy associated with using proton-, helium- and carbon-CT compared to conventional xCT for clinical scenarios in proton therapy. Three cases imaged with active beam-delivery using an ideal single-particle-tracking detector were investigated using FLUKA Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. The RSP accuracy of the iCTs was evaluated against the ground truth at similar physical dose. Next, the resulting dosimetric accuracy was investigated by using the RSP images as a patient model in proton therapy treatment planning, in comparison to common uncertainties associated with xCT. Finally, changes in relative biological effectiveness (RBE) with iCT particle type/spectrum were investigated by incorporating the repair-misrepair-fixation (RMF) model into FLUKA, to enable first insights on the associated biological imaging dose. Helium-CT provided the lowest overall RSP error, whereas carbon-CT offered the highest accuracy for bone and proton-CT for soft tissue. For a single field, the average relative proton beam-range variation was  −1.00%, +0.09%, −0.08% and  −0.35% for xCT, proton-, helium- and carbon-CT, respectively. Using a 0.5%/0.5mm gamma-evaluation, all iCTs offered comparable accuracy with a better than 99% passing rate, compared to 83% for xCT. The RMF model predictions for RBE for cell death relative to a diagnostic xCT spectrum were 0.82–0.85, 0.85–0.89 and 0.97–1.03 for proton-, helium-, and carbon-CT, respectively. The corresponding RBE for DNA double-strand break induction was generally below one. iCT offers great clinical potential for proton therapy treatment planning by providing superior dose calculation accuracy as well as lower physical and potentially biological dose exposure compared to xCT. For the investigated dose level and ideal detector, proton-CT and helium-CT yielded the best performance.