bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dark side of soft tissues: Unexpected inorganic carbonate in the invasive slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata and its implications for stable isotope interpretations
Authors: Androuin Thibault , Dubois Stanislas F. , Decottignies Priscilla , Pelleter Ewan , Carlier Antoine 
Published: October 2018

RationaleStable isotopic analysis is extensively used in trophic ecology. Inorganic carbonates, usually originating from shell fragments, are routinely removed from samples using an acid treatment because they affect δ13C values. However, acid treatment can also change δ15N values. For some taxa such as molluscs, the general assumption is that acid pre‐treatment is not necessary since their shell is easily dissected from soft tissues and represents the only source of inorganic carbonates. However, other sources of non‐dietary carbon (e.g., intracellular inorganic carbon) enriched in13C thus get overlooked.MethodsSoft tissues (foot) of the invasive gastropod Crepidula fornicata of different size classes were analysed for their δ13C and δ15N values with and without acid pre‐treatment using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. In toto microscopic investigations coupled with acid treatment, scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy were used to highlight the presence of inorganic carbonate. A correction model was derived and applied to existing stable isotope data for C. fornicata. We used both seasonal variations in δ13C signatures and mixing model outputs to assess the error in δ13C values.ResultsAcid pre‐treatment had a significant effect on the stable isotope compositions of C. fornicata foot tissue, especially on δ13C values: isotopic differences increased with size, up to 3‰ for large females. No effect was detected for small (below ~20 mm) and motile males. In toto microscopic analysis revealed the presence of small spherules of inorganic carbonate, hence explaining the differences in δ13C values. Mixing model outputs and seasonal variation of δ13C values showed that untreated samples can lead to large misinterpretations about diet proportions and degree of trophic niche overlap, respectively.ConclusionsSpherules of inorganic carbonate in C. fornicata soft tissues are likely to be linked with the motility of this species and their mucus production. We recommend assessing the presence of inorganic carbonate in soft tissue of sessile gastropods.
Bridging the lab‐field interface in fluvial morphology at patch‐scale: Using close‐range photogrammetry to assess surface replication and vegetation influence
Authors: Groom Jane , Friedrich Heide 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn fluvial research, comparisons of laboratory and field data sets are rare or outdated; therefore, future research would benefit from the integration of laboratory and field data sets. We use close‐range photogrammetry as a tool to help bridge that interface. Close‐range photogrammetry is a technique that is readily applied in both laboratory and field environments to capture submillimetre topographic data of natural and replica surfaces of gravel‐bed rivers. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of difference (DoDs) are presented to quantitatively assess the replicability of four surfaces, using the casting process. Replication results with accuracies of <35 mm, including observed localized areas of particle dislodgement, suggest casting is a suitable process to integrate laboratory and field data sets in fluvial morphology, allowing natural surfaces (e.g., from the field) to be analysed in a controlled laboratory environment. This enables the isolation of parameters, such as the microtopography of the surface or water submergence. Further, we highlight the importance of considerations of the wider scale morphology required to contextualize patch‐scale field research using close‐range photogrammetry. We demonstrate this with an example of the influence of vegetation on DEM quality and roughness statistics. These wider morphological features are difficult to simulate in the laboratory, albeit have a control on patch‐scale processes. The successful replication of natural surfaces using casting and the use of tools such as close‐range photogrammetry provide a bridge for future research that requires the integration of laboratory experiments, field experiments, and numerical modelling.
Communicating sustainable development in the digital age: The relationship between citizens' storytelling and engagement intention
Authors: Kang Seok 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough there are ample resources about government strategies and stakeholders on sustainable urban development, citizens' views have been relatively rare in the sustainability literature. This study examines how citizens' daily communication practices through storytelling agents are related to the intention of sustainable development behaviors that can affect public and environmental policies. The first survey of 110 citizens in the United States was used to confirm storytelling agents and sustainable urban development indicators. The second survey of 352 respondents found that local networks and online communication significantly predicted citizens' intention to participate in the behaviors of effective land use, pollution management, access to public services, and energy conservation. The results showed that citizens did not use social media such as Twitter and YouTube for the intention of sustainable urban development behaviors. The news media did not meet citizens' sustainable urban development information seeking needs. The role that Internet news, Facebook, and local meetings played in drawing citizens' social engagement in communities was emphasized. Implications of the results for the government's public and environmental policymaking were discussed.
A fast and tuneable auxin‐inducible degron for depletion of target proteins in budding yeast
Authors: Mendoza‐Ochoa Gonzalo I. , Barrass J. David , Terlouw Barbara R. , Maudlin Isabella E. , de Lucas Susana , Sani Emanuela , Aslanzadeh Vahid , Reid Jane A.E. , Beggs Jean D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe auxin‐inducible degron (AID) is a useful technique to rapidly deplete proteins of interest in nonplant eukaryotes. Depletion is achieved by addition of the plant hormone auxin to the cell culture, which allows the auxin‐binding receptor, TIR1, to target the AID‐tagged protein for degradation by the proteasome. Fast depletion of the target protein requires good expression of TIR1 protein, but as we show here, high levels of TIR1 may cause uncontrolled depletion of the target protein in the absence of auxin. To enable conditional expression of TIR1 to a high level when required, we regulated the expression of TIR1 using the β‐estradiol expression system. This is a fast‐acting gene induction system that does not cause secondary effects on yeast cell metabolism. We demonstrate that combining the AID and β‐estradiol systems results in a tightly controlled and fast auxin‐induced depletion of nuclear target proteins. Moreover, we show that depletion rate can be tuned by modulating the duration of β‐estradiol preincubation. We conclude that TIR1 protein is a rate‐limiting factor for target protein depletion in yeast, and we provide new tools that allow tightly controlled, tuneable, and efficient depletion of essential proteins whereas minimising secondary effects.
Intraoperative Fluid Administration and Surgical Outcomes Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy: External Validation at a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Sandini M. , Fernández‐del Castillo C. , Ferrone C. R. , Ruscic K. J. , Eikermann M. , Warshaw A. L. , Lillemoe K. D. , Qadan M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile intraoperative fluid overload is associated with higher complication rates following surgery, data for pancreaticoduodenectomy are scarce and heterogeneous. We evaluated multiple prior definitions of restrictive and liberal fluid regimens and analyzed whether these affected surgical outcomes at our tertiary referral center.MethodsStudies evaluating different intraoperative fluid regimens on outcomes after pancreatic resections were retrieved. After application of all prior definitions of restrictive and liberal fluid regimens to our patient cohort, relative risks of each outcome were calculated using all reported infusion regimens.ResultsFive hundred and seven pancreaticoduodenectomies were included. Nine different fluid regimens were evaluated. Two regimens utilized absolute volume cutoffs, and the remaining evaluated various infusion rates, ranging from 5 to 15 mL/kg/h. Total volume administration of >5000 mL and >6000 mL was associated with increased complications (RR 1.25 and RR 1.17, respectively) and >6000 mL with increased sepsis (RR 2.14). Conversely, a rate of <5 mL/kg/h was associated with increased risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF, RR 3.16) and sepsis (RR 3.20), <6.8 mL/kg/h with increased major morbidity (RR 1.64) and sepsis (RR 2.27), and <8.2 mL/kg/h with increased POPF (RR 2.16). No effects were observed on pulmonary complications, surgical site infections, length of stay, or mortality.ConclusionsIn an uncontrolled setting with no standard intraoperative or postoperative care map, the volume of intraoperative fluid administration appears to have limited impact on early postoperative outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy, with adverse outcomes only seen at extreme values.
A higher ratio of refined grain to whole grain is associated with a greater likelihood of chronic kidney disease: a population-based study
Authors: Mazidi Mohsen , Katsiki Niki , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. , Banach Maciej 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA growing number of studies suggest that diet and renal function are related. However, little is known about the link between both whole grain (WG) and refined grain (RG) consumption and kidney function parameters. Thus, we investigated the association of WG and RG with urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data from participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2005 to 2010 were collected. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Survey design and sample weights were taken into consideration for statistical analyses. Finally, we included 16 325 participants from NHANES, 6·9 % of whom had prevalent CKD. In models adjusted for age, sex, race, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, adiposity, hypertension and diabetes status, mean eGFR significantly increased across increasing quartiles of WG (Q1: 88·2 v. Q4: 95·4 ml/min per 1·73 m2, P&lt;0·001), whereas it significantly decreased across increasing quartiles of RG (Q1: 97·2 v. Q4: 88·4 ml/min per 1·73 m2, P&lt;0·001). Furthermore, serum uric acid levels and ACR significantly decreased across quartiles of WG (both P&lt;0·001). In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, the likelihood of prevalent CKD was 21 % lower in the highest WG quartile compared with the lowest one. In conclusion, our results shed light on the beneficial impact of WG on kidney function and CKD, whereas RG is adversely associated with eGFR.
Up-regulation of miR-24-1-5p is involved in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer by black raspberry anthocyanins
Authors: Zhang He , Guo Jun , Mao Liping , Li Qianqian , Guo Mengnan , Mu Teng , Zhang Qiuhua , Bi Xiuli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs important epigenetic regulators, microRNA regulate protein expression by triggering the degradation of target mRNA and/or by inhibiting their translation. Dysregulation of microRNA expression has been reported in several cancers, including colorectal cancer. In this study, microRNA-array differential analysis revealed strongly enhanced expression of miR-24-1-5p in the colon tissue of azoxymethane/dextran sulphate sodium-induced mice that were fed with black raspberry anthocyanins for 9 weeks. Overexpression of miR-24-1-5p in human colorectal cancer cells significantly repressed β-catenin expression, and simultaneously decreased cell proliferation, migration and survival. Furthermore, miR-24-1-5p could target β-catenin and trigger a negative regulatory loop for β-catenin and its downstream target genes. β-Catenin signalling is vital to the formation and progression of human colorectal cancer. The current findings therefore identified miR-24-1-5p as a potent regulator of β-catenin, and this may provide a novel chemopreventive and therapeutic strategy for β-catenin signalling-driven colorectal cancer.
Application of Limitation Laws to Oil Spill Compensation Claims in Nigeria
Authors: Adaralegbe Bayo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article examines a recent decision of the Nigerian Court of Appeal that essentially pronounces that, in respect of oil spill litigation in Nigeria, statutes of limitation are inapplicable to the federal law that creates the basis for oil spill compensation claims. This decision has dire consequences for the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The article finds this decision not only bad for public policy but actually based on very faulty reasoning and contradictory of an earlier decision of the Court of Appeal that was not considered. The article concludes that, despite this decision being the most recent, lower courts in Nigeria are not bound to follow it.
Stability and performance of haptic simulation involving interaction with non-passive virtual environment
Authors: Kim Myeongjin , Lee Doo Yong 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYPrevious researches on analysis of stability of haptic simulation largely assume that the virtual environment is passive. But the virtual environment can become non-passive due to various reasons including discretization errors and interaction dynamics between virtual tools and objects. This paper provides an analysis of the stability and performance of the haptic simulation involving non-passive virtual environment. The dynamic interaction between the virtual tools and the objects is modeled using the two-port networks. The analysis is carried out using a velocity and force mapping matrix for six-DOF simulation. New stability condition resulting from the analysis is applied to an example simulation of a one-DOF virtual wall. Maximum stiffness satisfying the stability condition established in the previous literature, and the proposed condition is compared with the maximum stiffness experimentally determined with various time steps. The newly proposed stability condition manifests less standard deviation of errors than the widely applied absolute stability condition.
Executive Skills and Academic Achievement in the Dystrophinopathies
Authors: Fee Robert J. , Montes Jacqueline , Stewart Jennifer L. , Hinton Veronica J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectives:To examine academic performance in dystrophinopathy as a function of dystrophin gene mutation position as well as intellectual function, executive skills, socioeconomic status (SES), behavior, and physical ability.Methods:In a cross-sectional study, boys with dystrophinopathy (ages 5–17;n=50) completed tests of academics (Woodcock-Johnson-III: spelling, reading, calculation and total scores), executive functioning (selective attention/inhibitory control, set shifting, working memory, and processing speed), single word comprehension and nonverbal reasoning. Motor skills were assessed and parents provided demographic information and child behavioral assessments. Dystrophin gene mutation positions were dichotomized into groups (upstream versus downstream of exon 43, location of isoforms previously linked to intellectual impairment). Genetic mutation groups were compared on measures of academic achievement, and multiple regression analyses examined unique and joint contributions of executive skills, intelligence quotient (IQ), SES, motor abilities, behavior, and mutation positions to academic outcomes.Results:Academic performance was slightly, yet significantly, lower than IQ and varied as a function of dystrophin gene position, wherein boys possessing the downstream mutation exhibited greater impairment than boys with the upstream mutation. Digit span forward (indexing verbal span), but no other measure of executive function, contributed significant variance to total academic achievement, spelling and calculation.Conclusions:Weak academic performance is associated with dystrophinopathy and is more common in downstream mutations. A specific deficit in verbal span may underlie inefficiencies observed in children with dystrophinopathy and may drive deficits impacting academic abilities. (JINS, 2018,24, 928–938)
Phonemic and Semantic Verbal Fluency in Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy: Contrasting the Effects of Supernumerary XversusY Chromosomes on Performance
Authors: Udhnani Manisha , Maiman Moshe , Blumenthal Jonathan D. , Clasen Liv S. , Wallace Gregory L. , Giedd Jay N. , Raznahan Armin , Lee Nancy Raitano 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectives:Past research suggests that youth with sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) present with verbal fluency deficits. However, most studies have focused on sex chromosome trisomies. Far less is known about sex chromosome tetrasomies and pentasomies. Thus, the current research sought to characterize verbal fluency performance among youth with sex chromosome trisomies, tetrasomies, and pentasomies by contrasting how performance varies as a function of extra X number and XversusY status.Methods:Participants included 79 youth with SCAs and 42 typically developing controls matched on age, maternal education, and racial/ethnic background. Participants completed the phonemic and semantic conditions of a verbal fluency task and an abbreviated intelligence test.Results:Both supernumerary X and Y chromosomes were associated with verbal fluency deficits relative to controls. These impairments increased as a function of the number of extra X chromosomes, and the pattern of impairments on phonemic and semantic fluency differed for those with a supernumerary XversusY chromosome. Whereas one supernumerary Y chromosome was associated with similar performance across fluency conditions, one supernumerary X chromosome was associated with relatively stronger semantic than phonemic fluency skills.Conclusions:Verbal fluency skills in youth with supernumerary X and Y chromosomes are impaired relative to controls. However, the degree of impairment varies across groups and task condition. Further research into the cognitive underpinnings of verbal fluency in youth with SCAs may provide insights into their verbal fluency deficits and help guide future treatments. (JINS, 2018,24, 917–927)
Seismic Imaging of the Alaska Subduction Zone: Implications for Slab Geometry and Volcanism
Authors: Martin‐Short Robert , Allen Richard , Bastow Ian D. , Porritt Robert W. , Miller Meghan S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlaska has been a site of subduction and terrane accretion since the mid‐Jurassic. The area features abundant seismicity, active volcanism, rapid uplift, and broad intraplate deformation, all associated with subduction of the Pacific plate beneath North America. The juxtaposition of a slab edge with subducted, overthickened crust of the Yakutat terrane beneath central Alaska is associated with many enigmatic volcanic features. The causes of the Denali Volcanic Gap, a 400‐km‐long zone of volcanic quiescence west of the slab edge, are debated. Furthermore, the Wrangell Volcanic Field, southeast of the volcanic gap, also has an unexplained relationship with subduction. To address these issues, we present a joint ambient noise, earthquake‐based surface wave, and P‐S receiver function tomography model of Alaska, along with a teleseismic S wave velocity model. We compare the crust and mantle structure between the volcanic and nonvolcanic regions, across the eastern edge of the slab and between models. Low crustal velocities correspond to sedimentary basins, and several terrane boundaries are marked by changes in Moho depth. The continental lithosphere directly beneath the Denali Volcanic Gap is thicker than in the adjacent volcanic region. We suggest that shallow subduction here has cooled the mantle wedge, allowing the formation of thick lithosphere by the prevention of hot asthenosphere from reaching depths where it can interact with fluids released from the slab and promote volcanism. There is no evidence for subducted material east of the edge of the Yakutat terrane, implying the Wrangell Volcanic Field formed directly above a slab edge.
Scale Dependence of Cloud Microphysical Response to Turbulent Entrainment and Mixing
Authors: Kumar Bipin , Götzfried Paul , Suresh Neethi , Schumacher Jörg , Shaw Raymond A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe dynamics and lifetime of atmospheric clouds are tightly coupled to entrainment and turbulent mixing. This paper presents direct numerical simulations of turbulent mixing followed by droplet evaporation at the cloud‐clear air interface in a meter‐sized volume, with an ensemble of up to almost half a billion individual cloud water droplets. The dependence of the mixing process on domain size reveals that inhomogeneous mixing becomes increasingly important as the domain size is increased. The shape of the droplet size distribution varies strongly with spatial scale, with the appearance of a pronounced negative exponential tail. The increase of relative dispersion during the transient mixing process is strongly dependent on the scale of the mixing and therefore on the Damköhler number, defined as the turbulence large‐eddy time scale divided by the cloud supersaturation relaxation time.
Fresnel Reflection and Transmission Coefficients for Temporally Dispersive Attenuative Media
Authors: Oughstun Kurt E. , Palombini Christopher L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGeneralized Fresnel reflection and transmission coefficients are derived for both time‐harmonic TE(s)‐ and TM(p)‐polarized plane wave fields incident upon a planar interface separating two attenuative linear media, each described by a frequency‐dependent complex‐valued dielectric permittivity
, magnetic permeability
, and electric conductivity
while maintaining the real‐valued form of Snell's law. The resultant effects of material loss on both the reflected and transmitted fields are presented, including the condition for the appearance of a polarizing angle.