bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Cavernous Sinus Lesion in Patients with Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas via the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach
Authors: Kosugi Kenzo , Ozawa Hiroyuki , Ogawa Kaoru , Yoshida Kazunari , Toda Masahiro 
Published: July 2018

Objective The main purpose of this article is to assess the effectiveness and safety of surgery via the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for cavernous sinus (CS) lesion in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA).
Design Retrospective study.
Setting Keio University Hospital.
Participants Thirty patients who underwent CS surgery via the EEA between 2009 and 2017 for Knosp grade 4 NFPA with pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging available for volumetric analysis.
Main Outcome Measures Clinical presentation, extent of resection, and surgical complications.
Results Gross total and near total resection of CS tumors was achieved in 12/30 (40%) cases of Knosp grade 4 NFPA. The average resection rate of CS lesions in these 30 patients was 73.5%; 77.3% in primary cases and 70.1% in recurrent cases that did not vary significantly. Preoperative visual disturbance and oculomotor nerve palsy improved in 12/19 (63.1%) and ⅗ (60%) cases, respectively. Complications associated with CS via the EEA were postoperative cerebrospinal leakage (1/30, 3.3%), meningitis (1/30, 3.3%), and transient cranial nerve palsy (2/30, 6.7%). These complications except a case of mild transient abducens nerve palsy occurred in recurrent cases with subdural lesions.
Conclusions Although the optimal management of CS lesions in NFPA is controversial, debulking via the EEA is an effective and safe option that improves neurological symptoms and enables effective adjuvant radiotherapy. Recurrent cases with subdural invasion are technically challenging, even using the EEA, and special care is required to avoid complications.
Vergleich internationaler Leitlinien zur Anwendung der Cardiotokografie
Authors: Schulten Phillip , Suppelna Jan , Dagres Timoleon , Noè Günter , Anapolski Michael , Reinhard Joscha , Krentel Harald , Tempfer Clemens , Schiermeier Sven 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Untersucht werden soll der leitliniengerechte Einsatz des Cardiotokogramms (CTG), sowohl ante partum als auch sub partu, im internationalen Vergleich.
Material und Methoden Verglichen wurden die Leitlinien verschiedener Länder (Deutschland, Kanada, Großbritannien, USA, Sri Lanka und Australien) sowie die Empfehlungen der Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d̛Obstétrique (FIGO). Gegenübergestellt wurden die Empfehlungen zum Einsatz des CTG sowohl ante partum als auch sub partu.
Ergebnisse CTG ante partum: Es lässt sich feststellen, dass bei risikofreier Schwangerschaft der Einsatz des CTG in allen untersuchten Ländern nicht empfohlen wird. Bei Vorhandensein definierter Risikofaktoren für das fetale oder maternale Wohl wird der Einsatz des CTG hingegen empfohlen. Während die englische National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)-Guideline den Einsatz nur bei maternaler Hypertonie und Präeklampsie vorsieht, listet die Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG) in Anlehnung an die Empfehlungen der Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) deutlich mehr Risikofaktoren auf. Sub partu: Subpartual unterscheiden sich die Empfehlungen von Land zu Land deutlich. In Deutschland wird der Einsatz des CTG ab der späten Eröffnungsperiode empfohlen. Die Leitlinien der anderen untersuchten Länder empfehlen während einer Nichtrisikoschwangerschaft vorrangig die Auskultation der fetalen Herzfrequenz unter der Geburt. Begründet wird dies mit der bisherigen Studienlage, die keinen Vorteil des CTG gegenüber der intermittierenden Auskultation erkennen lässt. Viel mehr ließ sich in den ausgewerteten Studien erkennen, dass es unter dem Einsatz des CTG zu einem Anstieg der Kaiserschnitterate kam. Anders sehen die Empfehlungen zur Anwendung des CTG unter der Geburt bei Risikoschwangerschaften aus. Hier wird in den Leitlinien der verglichenen Länder der Einsatz des CTG durchaus empfohlen, obwohl Unterschiede bezüglich der Indikation für den Einsatz des CTG festzustellen sind.
Schlussfolgerung Die intermittierende Auskultation ist im Vergleich zum CTG zwar eine kostengünstigere Alternative, sie ist jedoch nicht kontinuierlich anwendbar und im Falle von Regressen schlechter nachvollziehbar als das CTG. Das CTG führt zu einer höheren Rate an Kaiserschnitten, bietet jedoch bei korrekter Anwendung Sicherheit für Fetus und Mutter sowie Rechtssicherheit für das geburtshilfliche Personal. Im internationalen Vergleich empfehlen die deutschen Leitlinien als einzige, trotz fehlender Evidenz, die CTG-Diagnostik ab der späten Eröffnungsperiode bei Nichtrisikoschwangerschaften.
Data-driven body–machine interface for the accurate control of drones
Authors: Miehlbradt Jenifer , Cherpillod Alexandre , Mintchev Stefano , Coscia Martina , Artoni Fiorenzo , Floreano Dario , Micera Silvestro 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceThe teleoperation of nonhumanoid robots is often a demanding task, as most current control interfaces rely on mappings between the operator’s and the robot’s actions, which are determined by the design and characteristics of the interface, and may therefore be challenging to master. Here, we describe a structured methodology to identify common patterns in spontaneous interaction behaviors, to implement embodied user interfaces, and to select the appropriate sensor type and positioning. Using this method, we developed an intuitive, gesture-based control interface for real and simulated drones, which outperformed a standard joystick in terms of learning time and steering abilities. Implementing this procedure to identify body-machine patterns for specific applications could support the development of more intuitive and effective interfaces.
Spatially constrained tandem bromodomain inhibition bolsters sustained repression of BRD4 transcriptional activity for TNBC cell growth
Authors: Ren Chunyan , Zhang Guangtao , Han Fangbin , Fu Shibo , Cao Yingdi , Zhang Fan , Zhang Qiang , Meslamani Jamel , Xu Yaoyao , Ji Donglei , Cao Lingling , Zhou Qian , Cheung Ka-lung , Sharma Rajal , Babault Nicolas , Yi Zhengzi , Zhang Weijia , Walsh Martin J. , Zeng Lei , Zhou Ming-Ming 
Published: July 2018

Significance
BRD4, a major BET family protein, regulates gene transcription through coordinated binding of its characteristic tandem bromodomains (BrDs) to lysine-acetylated histones and transcription factors. Studies show that BRD4 function in transcriptional regulation is likely context- and cell-type-dependent, consistent with the observation that pan-BET BrD inhibitors such as JQ1 are much less effective in solid tumors than in hematopoietic cancers. Here, we show that spatially constrained bivalent inhibition of BRD4 BrDs with our BET inhibitor MS645 results in a sustained repression of BRD4 transcriptional activity in solid-tumor cells including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Our study offers a therapeutic strategy to maximally control BRD4 activity required for rapid cell proliferation of the devastating TNBC that lacks targeted therapy.
Phosphodiesterase 2 inhibition preferentially promotes NO/guanylyl cyclase/cGMP signaling to reverse the development of heart failure
Authors: Baliga Reshma S. , Preedy Michael E. J. , Dukinfield Matthew S. , Chu Sandy M. , Aubdool Aisah A. , Bubb Kristen J. , Moyes Amie J. , Tones Michael A. , Hobbs Adrian J. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
The morbidity and mortality associated with heart failure (HF) are unacceptably high. Cyclic guanosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) plays a key role in preserving cardiac structure and function, and therapeutically targeting cGMP in HF has shown promise in experimental models and patients. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) metabolize and curtail the actions of cGMP (and cAMP), and increased PDE activity is thought to contribute to HF pathogenesis. Herein, we show that inhibition of one specific isoform, PDE2, enhances the salutary effects of cGMP in the context of HF, and that this beneficial action facilitates a distinct pathway, driven by nitric oxide, that is impaired in this disorder. These observations validate PDE2 inhibitors as a demonstrable means of boosting cardiac cGMP and advancing HF therapy.
The impact of environmental change on the use of early pottery by East Asian hunter-gatherers
Authors: Lucquin Alexandre , Robson Harry K. , Eley Yvette , Shoda Shinya , Veltcheva Dessislava , Gibbs Kevin , Heron Carl P. , Isaksson Sven , Nishida Yastami , Taniguchi Yasuhiro , Nakajima Shōta , Kobayashi Kenichi , Jordan Peter , Kaner Simon , Craig Oliver E. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
The motivations for the widespread adoption of pottery is a key theme in world prehistory and is often linked to climate warming at the start of the Holocene. Through organic residue analysis, we investigated the contents of >800 ceramic samples from across the Japanese archipelago, a unique assemblage that transcends the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary. Against our expectations, we found that pottery use did not fundamentally change in the Early Holocene. Instead, aquatic resources dominated in both periods regardless of the environmental setting. Nevertheless, we found that a broader range of aquatic foods was processed in Early Holocene vessels, corresponding to increased ceramic production, reduced mobility, intensified fishing, and the start of significant shellfish gathering at this time.
Electrometry by optical charge conversion of deep defects in 4H-SiC
Authors: Wolfowicz G. , Whiteley S. J. , Awschalom D. D. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Electric field sensing is an important tool in metrology and characterization applications. Here we show that photoluminescent defects in silicon carbide, such as divacancies and silicon vacancies, can provide local information of radio-frequency electric fields. Using all-optical excitation, the charge state of the defect is controlled, measured, and shown to be affected by this electric field. This sensing technique enables spatial 3D mapping as well as spectral resolution of the electric field. By taking advantage of the piezoelectricity in silicon carbide, the technique also provides similar information on local radio-frequency strain waves. This method is expected to be broadly applicable to other materials and of interest for high-power electronics and high-frequency microelectromechanical systems.
Amygdala lesions eliminate viewing preferences for faces in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Taubert Jessica , Flessert Molly , Wardle Susan G. , Basile Benjamin M. , Murphy Aidan P. , Murray Elisabeth A. , Ungerleider Leslie G. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
The primate brain is specialized for social interaction, and a complex network of brain regions supports this important function. Face perception is central to social development, and both humans and nonhuman primates exhibit a spontaneous viewing preference for faces. This shared involuntary response underscores the importance of faces in the earliest stages of cognitive development, yet its neural basis is not well understood. Here we report that bilateral amygdala lesions in rhesus monkeys eliminate the robust viewing preference for both real faces and illusory faces. This demonstrates a fundamental role for the amygdala in guiding eye movements toward face stimuli, a critical behavior for normal social development and social interaction.
Essential nucleotide- and protein-dependent functions ofActb/β-actin
Authors: Patrinostro Xiaobai , Roy Pallabi , Lindsay Angus , Chamberlain Christopher M. , Sundby Lauren J. , Starker Colby G. , Voytas Daniel F. , Ervasti James M. , Perrin Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceActin is required for many general and specialized cellular functions. Two isoforms, β-actin and γ-actin, are ubiquitously expressed and 99% identical in amino acid sequence, yet previous studies indicated only β-actin is indispensable for life. The nucleotide sequence of each gene also varies, providing additional regulation that may make β-actin indispensable. To separate the effects of protein and nucleotide sequences, the β-actin gene was edited to encode γ-actin protein, while retaining any regulation contained in the nucleotide sequence. The mice, which lack β-actin protein, are viable and appear to be normal. However, they develop progressive hearing loss as auditory sensory cells degenerate. Together, these results show that β-actin function depends on both its nucleotide and protein sequence.
The competition between the present conditional and the prospective imperfect in French over the centuries: First results
Authors: Bres Jacques , Diwersy Sascha , Luxardo Giancarlo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
While a significant number of works are known about the competition over the centuries between the synthetic future and the periphrastic prospective present, the parallel competition between the present conditional and the periphrastic construction with the prospective imperfect has received less attention. We focus here on the latter competition, limiting our study of the two forms to their temporal uses in discourse. We describe the uses for each form according to their order of appearance: imminence, subjective ulteriority and objective ulteriority. The two forms compete with each other in the expression of both subjective and objective ulteriority. We give an assessment of the diachronic evolution of the ratio present conditional / prospective imperfect in the expression of subjective ulteriority.
‘I think’
Authors: Ranger Graham 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the sequence ‘I think’ as a discourse marker, used in evidential or epistemic contexts. ‘I think’ is seen to assume a variety of different values, which Kaltenböck (2010), among others, identifies as “shielding”, “approximator”, “structural” or “booster” functions. I hypothesise that ‘I think’ is not inherently ambiguous, but that different values reflect specific configurations, which depend on identifiable contextual features. The present study explores this hypothesis, first with a corpus-based investigation of collocational affinities of the sequence, which reveals a number of characteristic environments. Secondly, I elaborate an enunciative description of ‘I think’ in terms of a basic schematic form, which undergoes certain controlled and calculable deformations to generate local “shapes” (Culioli 1990). I conclude that ‘I think’ in itself expresses neither evidentiality nor epistemic modality, but that these result from specific contextual configurations.
Designing digital texts for beginner readers
Authors: Walker Sue , Black Alison , Bessemans Ann , Bormans Kevin , Renckens Maarten , Barratt Mark 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter summarises issues that designers consider when they are producing reading materials for beginning and emerging readers, including the constraints imposed by technology. We suggest ways of engaging with users of e-books so that their needs can be considered. We conclude by summarising the typographic parameters that are likely to benefit children’s reading.
Cognitive processes and digital reading
Authors: Wylie Judith , Thomson Jenny , Leppänen Paavo H.T. , Ackerman Rakefet , Kanniainen Laura , Prieler Tanja 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Regardless of the medium, reading is a complex skill involving the execution and coordination of many cognitive processes. Reading comprehension in skilled readers is the end-product of processes that are fast, efficient, interactive and strategic. These processes, some of which may be described as lower level (e.g. word recognition) and some as higher level (e.g. inference-making), rely on aspects of executive function including attention, working memory, executive control and metacognition. This chapter examines the involvement of these four aspects in both print and digital reading. We explore how on-screen reading of linear and non-linear text (hypertext) makes additional demands on executive function, potentially threatening comprehension and learning. We also consider how technology may confer processing advantages for readers with particular difficulties. Recommendations aimed at preventing shallow processing when engaging with digital text are presented. Having reviewed the literature, we speculate on how the potential of technology may be harnessed in order to encourage reading, to improve assessment, and to increase knowledge.
Emotional and motivational aspects of digital reading
Authors: Kaakinen Johanna K. , Papp-Zipernovszky Orsolya , Werlen Egon , Castells Nuria , Bergamin Per , Baccino Thierry , Jacobs Arthur M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Emotions guide our actions and have a profound influence on how we approach, experience and later remember information. This chapter provides an overview of the role of emotions in reading and describes how emotional processes differ across digital and print texts. After introducing what emotions are and how they can be measured, we discuss the influence of text genre on inducing emotions. We further explore the effects of digital texts on the emotional experiences in narrative and expository text reading. We then consider the importance of the reader’s motivational orientation, as it may influence preferences for digital vs. print texts. Finally, we discuss the impact of the communicative and collaborative aspects of digital reading environments on the emotions emerging during reading. It is evident that little is known about the impact of digitalisation on emotional processes during reading, and more theory-based research is needed.
Literacy education in the digital age
Authors: Mifsud Charles L. , Petrová Zuzana 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Beginning readers in the early 21st century have unprecedented access to digital books and reading materials that provide them, and the adults supporting them, with many opportunities as well as many challenges. In the present chapter, we consider children’s early literacy experiences in a digital world. We review research on the influence of digital texts on early reading and explore how digital technologies are being integrated into educational literacy practices, both in the preschool and school age years. The success of this integration necessitates attention to multiple parts of the educational ecosystem, from individual learners to educators, and through to local and national educational policy.
Task complexity effects on interaction during a collaborative persuasive writing task
Authors: Gomez-Laich Maria Pia , Taguchi Naoko 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This study examined whether task complexity (Robinson, 2011a, b), induced through reasoning demands, affects L2 learners’ interaction patterns during a collaborative writing task that involved the pragmatic act of persuasion. We analyzed interaction of two pairs of students when they co-constructed a persuasive essay in English based on a prompt. One pair completed a ‘simple’ task, which provided explicit information about the arguments, macro-structure of the essay, and linguistic devices to use in a persuasive essay, while the other pair completed a ‘complex’ task in which such information was withheld, and thus they needed to use reasoning skills to figure out the structure of the persuasive essay. Using a conversation analysis-inspired approach, we examined how students co-constructed an essay. Results revealed differences between pairs completing a complex and simple task in terms of (1) pre-writing negotiation over the essay’s structure and (2) during-writing negotiation over sources of trouble. The complex task condition prompted participants to use more reasoning processes to accomplish the task goal, as shown in more extended negotiation sequences and turn taking, frequent pauses, and hesitant ways of speaking (e.g., use of rising intonation and epistemic markers).
Task modality effects on Spanish learners’ interlanguage pragmatic development
Authors: Reagan Derek , Payant Caroline 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Within the field of second language acquisition (SLA), we have witnessed a rise in research on task-based language teaching (TBLT) and its effects on L2 development (Kim, 2015). However, few studies have examined how TBLT could facilitate the development of interlanguage pragmatics (Taguchi & Kim, 2015), an issue which this volume aims to address. Moreover, whether task modality (i.e., oral versus written tasks) mediates development has yet to be investigated. The current study with learners of Spanish focused on the effects of using pedagogical tasks and on the manipulation of task modality on learners’ L2 pragmatic competence through the production of Spanish requests and speech act modifications. Two intermediate classes (n = 25) of Spanish completed either an oral or written story completion task. Drawing on oral and written Discourse Completion Tests, we found that tasks positively impacted learners’ production of L2 requests. However, significant differences between modality groupings were not identified.
Developing pragmatic competence through tasks in EFL contexts
Authors: Levkina Mayya 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Although task-based language teaching, on the one hand, and teaching pragmatics on the other, are not considered to be new trends anymore, there is still a gap in the research regarding how pragmatic features can be taught using a task-based approach. To fill the gap, the present study examines whether speech acts of apology, justification, and thanking are teachable through tasks in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. The study further investigates the role of L2 proficiency in the development of pragmatic awareness. The participants are 38 third-year university students in Spain who are enrolled in English for the Media course with two different levels of proficiency in English (B1 and C1 on the CEFR). The experiment consists of a pretest involving e-mail writing tasks and a posttest. Pretest/posttest tasks are analysed by rating the appropriateness of speech acts of apology, justification, and thanking on a six-point appropriateness scale and on grammar scales. Results display some positive effects of the task-based instruction on the learning of pragmatics in both proficiency groups. However, the results of the posttests for the grammar scales and the overall gains did not correlate with the proficiency scores, which suggests that L2 development of pragmatics cannot be fully attributed to L2 learners’ proficiency.
Pragmatics, tasks, and technology
Authors: González-Lloret Marta , Ortega Lourdes 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship among pragmatics, tasks, and technology when the goal is to support the development of pragmatics in a new language (L2). We view L2 pragmatic competence as culturally and situationally specific and inseparable from authentic communication, which encompasses both the face-to-face and digital worlds of people. Taking as a premise that optimal blends of tasks and new technologies can provide a programmatic framework for L2 instruction (González-Lloret & Ortega, 2014), including L2 pragmatics instruction, we first survey key existing task-based, technology-mediated approaches that incorporate a focus on the development of L2 pragmatics. We then choose two well-known areas of TBLT – cognitive task complexity (Robinson, 2011; Skehan, 2003) and needs analysis (González-Lloret, 2014) – to point at factors that can shape interactional pragmatics, and we show how they can be relevantly applied to technology-mediated tasks for the teaching and learning of L2 pragmatics. From a TBLT stance, we argue that the pragmatics-related demands of tasks might impact cognitive task complexity as an independent variable. From a technology-mediated TBLT stance, we propose that the systematic analysis of tasks in terms of pragmatics is necessary to carve a formal curricular place for L2 pragmatics instruction. We close the chapter by pointing at two fruitful future areas for investigating how the synergy among pragmatics, tasks, and technology can be optimized.