bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successive Spray Forming and Selective Heat Treatment of Composite Tool Steels
Authors: Cui C. , Nadolski D. , Schulz A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In many metal forming applications, especially in micro cold forming, the tools are loaded differently in various functional regions. Tailored material properties in the specific regions are therefore advantageous. To meet this requirement, different tool steels can be applied in the corresponding regions of the tools, with a good bonding in between. This kind of composite materials can be produced by means of a newly developed successive spray forming process. In addition, the different steels in the composite tools may require quite different heat treatment conditions in order to achieve the expected material properties and performance. For this purpose, a selective heat treatment based on middle frequency induction heating has been developed to austenitize the different steels at different temperatures. In this study, these two newly developed processes have been applied to produce composite tool steels for micro cold forming tools. The investigation is focused on the correlation between the processing conditions and the microstructure and properties of the composite tool steels. It shows that fine and homogeneous microstructure can be achieved in the composite tool steels, with a gradual transition of chemical and physical properties in between. The microstructure and properties of the composite tool steels are clearly correlated with their austenitization conditions during the selective induction heating.
Zaświadczenie o braku okoliczności wyłączających zawarcie małżeństwa w procedurze matrimonium per procura
Authors: Świto Lucjan , Tomkiewicz Małgorzata 
Published: December 2018

Artykuł prezentuje rozwiązania normatywne dotyczące procedury wystawiania, treści i znaczenia zaświadczenia o braku okoliczności wyłączających zawarcie małżeństwa, w kontekście regulacji związanych z zawieraniem małżeństwa przez pełnomocnika (matrimonium per procura). Zasadniczy cel i problem badawczy zawarty w publikacji oscyluje wokół odpowiedzi na pytanie, o braku jakich konkretnie okoliczności, dokument ten informuje; czy mechanizmy kontrolne towarzyszące wystawieniu tego zaświadczenia obejmują wymogi określone w art. 6 § 1 k.r.o. i czy dostrzegają specyfikę małżeństwa zawieranego przez pełnomocnika? Co konkretnie oznacza użyte w art. 8 § 1 k.r.o. sformułowanie, iż duchowny „nie może przyjąć oświadczeń przewidzianych w art. 1 § 2 [k.r.o.]” bez uprzedniego przedstawienia mu omawianego zaświadczenia i czy wskazany w tym przepisie zakaz dowodzi, że zaświadczenie o braku okoliczności wyłączających zawarcie małżeństwa ma charakter konstytutywny?
Artykuł stawia tezę, że o ile sama idea wystawiania omawianego zaświadczenia jest bez wątpienia słuszna, o tyle dostosowywanie przepisów k.r.o. i p.a.s.c. do Konkordatu poszło w omawianej materii za daleko. Skutkowało ono wprowadzeniem takich obostrzeń, które statuują wyraźny prymat formalizmu nad zasadą favor matrimonii i dają asumpt do zróżnicowanej oceny charakteru tego zaświadczenia, w tym do formułowania tez o konstytutywnym charakterze tego dokumentu. Dla osób zamierzających zawrzeć małżeństwo w formie wyznaniowej ze skutkami cywilnymi wymóg legitymowania się zaświadczeniem mającym moc prawną stał się przesłanką w zasadzie analogiczną do tej, jaką mają inne, konstytutywne przesłanki małżeństwa, przy czym obostrzenie to nie ma charakteru powszechnego. Nie dotyczy ono nupturientów zamierzających zawrzeć małżeństwo przed kierownikiem USC lub konsulem (art. 1 §§ 1 i 4 k.r.o) a odnosi się tylko do tych, którzy zamierzają zawrzeć małżeństwo w formie wyznaniowej ze skutkami cywilnymi. Istniejący stan rzeczy trudno uznać za właściwy. Mankamentem obowiązujących regulacji jest również to, że zaświadczenie o braku okoliczności wykluczających zawarcie małżeństwa, mimo, iż zyskało znaczenie nieproporcjonalne do swej roli, „nie rozpoznaje” specyfiki małżeństw wyznaniowych ze skutkami cywilnymi zawieranymi per procura i w tym przypadku funkcji gwarancyjnych w należytym stopniu nie spełnia.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MENURUT PEMIKIRAN YB. MANGUNWIJAYA( SEBAGAI REKOMENDASI IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SEKOLAH DASAR)
Authors: Kurniati Agusta , Rismawati Melinda 
Published: December 2018

Berbicara pendidikan di negeri ini memang tidak akan pernah ada habisnya. Ada banyak hal yang masih membutuhkan pembenahan di dalamnya. Mulai dari sisi birokrasi, menejemen, sistem kontrol, hingga sisi internalnya, yakni mengenai konsep pendidikan dan aplikasi praksis dalam menciptakan pendidikan yang tepat dengan kondisi dan kultur bangsa. Dengan problem ini, maka berakibat pada ketidakmampuan pendidikan di Negeri ini dalam mencetak generasi-generasi bangsa yang cerdas, baik cerdas dalam segi intelektualitas, kepribadian maupun cerdas dalam segi sosialnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan bentuk Studi Pustaka. Adapaun hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu melalui karya-karya YB. Mangunwijawa yang adalah subjek dalam penelitian ini diperleh data bahwa YB. Mangunwijaya adalah seorang Rohanian Projo yang memiliki kepedulian yang tinggi pada dunia pendidikan. Romo Mangun dikenal oleh rekan-rekannya sebagai seorang yang kreatif dan piawai dalam menulis. Terkait bakat sastranya, memang sudah berkembang sejak di Sekolah Dasar ketika Mangun Muda dididik untuk mampu terampil berbicara di depan umum dan menulis gagasan yang runtut dan argumentatif. Jalur sastra dan karya tulis kemudian dipakai Romo Mangun sebagai alat dan wujud perjuangan kemanusiannya. Dapat ditarik kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsep Pendidikan Karakter menurut YB. Mangunwijaya yang relevan di implementasikan sejak siswa duduk di bangku Sekolah Dasar adalah Pendidikan Karakter yang Humanis.Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Karakter, Pemikiran YB. Mangunwijaya.
ANALISIS PEMBERIAN BANTUAN SOSIAL PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR ANAK DI KECAMATAN SEPAUK
Authors: Suparno Suparno 
Published: December 2018

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimanakah pemberian bantuan sosial Program Keluarga Harapan terhadap prestasi belajar anak di Kecamatan Sepauk. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan pemberian bantuan sosial Program Keluarga Harapan terhadap prestasi belajar anak di Kecamatan Sepauk. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dan bentuk penelitiannya Studi Kasus.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) dampak pemberian bantuan sosial Program Keluarga Harapan dapat dirasakan masyarakat, para penerima bantuan dapat menyekolahkan anak-anaknya dan mendapatkan pendidikan yang layak, 2) Prestasi belajar anaknya meningkat dilihat dari prestasi yang diperoleh ditngkat lokal, nasional dan internasional, 3) respon masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan Program Keluarga Harapan sangat positif karena bantuan ini dapat membantu Keluarga Sangat Miskin dalam menyekolahkan anak-anaknya. Kata Kunci: Program Keluarga Harapan, Prestasi Belajar
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the evaluation of gallbladder diseases in comparison to cross-sectional imaging modalities and histopathological results
Authors: Negrão de Figueiredo G. , Mueller-Peltzer K. , Armbruster M. , Rübenthaler J. , Clevert D.A. 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: The first method of choice for gallbladder alteration detection is the conventional ultrasound. Due to some imaging limitations, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been widely used in the last years. CEUS is an additional modality that is able to depict microvessels flow and elucidate suspicious findings. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective mono-center analysis study is to evaluate the performance of CEUS in gallbladder diseases and compare it to cross-sectional imaging modalities and histopathological results as gold standard. METHODS: The retrospective study analysed 37 patients with gallbladder diseases between 2009 and 2017. All patients underwent CEUS examinations and additional cross-sectional imaging was also performed: CT imaging on 24 (64.9%) patients, MRI imaging on 18 (48.6%) patients, CT and MRI imaging on (28.7%). CEUS images were performed and interpreted by a single physician. RESULTS: CEUS imaging results of the gallbladder showed a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. CT imaging of the gallbladder showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 75%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 95%. MR imaging of the gallbladder showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93%, PPV of 75%, and NPV of 100%. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound imaging plays an essential role in the evaluation of gallbladder disease. Due to additional features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound, it is possible to differentiate gallbladder pathologic alterations by depicting its micro and macrocirculation and display important malignant features that recommends prompt management. Patients with contraindications to other cross-sectional imaging modalities benefit from this safe technique.
Shear-induced platelet adherence and activation in an in-vitro dynamic multiwell-plate system
Authors: Reinthaler Markus , Johansson Johan Bäckemo , Braune Steffen , Al-Hindwan Haitham Saleh Ali , Lendlein Andreas , Jung Friedrich 
Published: December 2018

Circulating blood cells are prone to varying flow conditions when contacting cardiovascular devices. For a profound understanding of the complex interplay between the blood components/cells and cardiovascular implant surfaces, testing under varying shear conditions is required. Here, we study the influence of arterial and venous shear conditions on the in vitro evaluation of the thrombogenicity of polymer-based implant materials. Medical grade poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were included as reference materials. The polymers were exposed to whole blood from healthy humans. Blood was agitated orbitally at low (venous shear stress: 2.8 dyne · cm–2) and high (arterial shear stress: 22.2 dyne · cm–2) agitation speeds in a well-plate based test system. Numbers of non-adherent platelets, platelet activation (P-Selectin positive platelets), platelet function (PFA100 closure times) and platelet adhesion (laser scanning microscopy (LSM)) were determined. Microscopic data and counting of the circulating cells revealed increasing numbers of material-surface adherent platelets with increasing agitation speed. Also, activation of the platelets was substantially increased when tested under the high shear conditions (P-Selectin levels, PFA-100 closure times). At low agitation speed, the platelet densities did not differ between the three materials. Tested at the high agitation speed, lowest platelet densities were observed on PDMS, intermediate levels on PET and highest on PTFE. While activation of the circulating platelets was affected by the implant surfaces in a similar manner, PFA closure times did not reflect this trend. Differences in the thrombogenicity of the studied polymers were more pronounced when tested at high agitation speed due to the induced shear stresses. Testing under varying shear stresses, thus, led to a different evaluation of the implant thrombogenicity, which emphasizes the need for testing under various flow conditions. Our data further confirmed earlier findings where the same reference implants were tested under static (and not dynamic) conditions and with fresh human platelet rich plasma instead of whole blood. This supports that the application of common reference materials may improve inter-study comparisons, even under varying test conditions.
Acute L-Arginine supplementation does not affect red blood cell aggregation and deformability during high intensity interval exercise in healthy men
Authors: Ahmadizad Sajad , Daraei Ali , Bassami Minoo , Rahmani Hiwa 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: L-Arginine, the precursor of NO might be involved in improving the cardiovascular disorders via regulation of functional properties of erythrocytes. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of L-Arginine supplementation on responses of red blood cell (RBC) properties to high intensity interval exercise (HIIE). METHODS: Ten overweight healthy men participated voluntarily in the study and performed two HIIE trials with and without L-Arginine in two separate weeks. The HIIE protocol included 12 intervals of 3-min encompassed 1-min running at 100% of vVO2max and 2-min active recovery at 40% of vVO2max. Three blood samples were taken before and after supplementation, and immediately after exercise; and were used to measure red blood cell properties. RESULTS: The HIIE protocol increased hematocrit, hemoglobin and lactate significantly ( P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on RBC aggregation, RBC deformability, and fibrinogen concentration. When data were compared for two trials no significant differences between the responses of RBC properties to two HIIE protocols were detected ( P > 0.05), whereas the increases in lactate concentration following HIIE was significantly lower in L-Arginine than placebo trial ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that L-Arginine consumption prior to HIIE does not lead to any improvement in RBC properties during HIIE in overweight healthy men.
A new method of manganese alloys obtaining
Authors: Panishev N. V. , Bigeev V. A. , Potapova M. V. , Zakutskaya L. A. 
Published: December 2018

High cost of the ferromanganese production by traditional methods resulted in searching of new technologies for its production. The main objective of the study was to establish the technological parameters of a new process for the ferromanganese production by using ITmk3 process elements in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out in the “Nabertherm” chamber furnace, which allows for simulate the temperature and time parameters of ITmk3 process elements in a rotary hearth furnace.The charge for ferromanganese obtaining consisted of manganese ore from the Zhayremsk deposit (Kazakhstan) and non-scarce coal, the consumption of which provided close to stoichiometric one in carbon for the direct reduction of manganese and iron from the correspondent oxides. The composition of the ore gangue and coalash provided a mixture with a slag melting point below 1400 °C.The maximum yield of ferroalloy and the conversion of manganese into the ferroalloy from the burden was achieved at a temperature and duration of thermal treatment of 1500 °C and 10 min, respectively. Information obtained during the study may be used for large-scale testing in a commercially size rotary hearth furnace.
Main conditions of rational technological solutions of injection processes for ladle desulphurization of hot metal by various dispersed reagents
Authors: Shevchenko A. F. , Manachin I. A. 
Published: December 2018

Application of dispersed reagents in hot metal ladle treatment processes enabled for solving a wide range of tasks of increasing metal products quality and improving technical and economic indices of metal smelting processes. But there are reserves of existing technologies improving, since during their application a whole number of peculiarities of heat- and mass exchange processes, having place in ladle at wide range of parameters and refining conditions, are not taken into consideration. Therefore, elaboration of conceptions about exchange processes mechanisms at different reagents injection input and elaboration of most rational technological solutions are rather actual.Influence of chemical and fraction-dispersed content of reagents on hot metal desulphurization processes studied. First priority of CaO and Mg application justified.It was shown, that when using fine powders, particles less 0.08 mm practically do not penetrate into hot metal melt, and when grain reagents (0.2–1.6 mm) are used, their particles can penetrate into hot metal by a depth of 25 mm.It was established that during the injection desulphurization there are conditions and separation of blow-in two-phase stream takes place in near-tuyere zone with division for gas and solid components.During the desulphurization by powder non-magnesium reagents (lime), the powder concentration 40–60 kg/Nm3 in gas justified, usage of reducing agents not from hot metal components (С, Si, Mn), but Al introduced from outside. Besides, it was recommended to introduce evaporating and gas-forming (in the melt) additions into gas and solid phase for additional phase dispersion in the neartuyere zone.During the magnesium mono-injection its application in the form of grains (0.2–1.6 mm) justified and blow-in velocity >80 m/s.The obtained scientific preconditions of hot metal desulphurization efficiency increase by different reagents were checked in industrial conditions.
Study of desulphurization processes at heat treatmet of iron ore pellets
Authors: Yur’ev B. P. , Dudko V. A. 
Published: December 2018

Main reactions of iron ore pellets desulphurization are considered in details in a number of papers, in which the results obtained refer only to their isothermal heating. Therefore studies of authors were concentrated on desulphurization kinetics of nonfluxed and fluxed Sokolov-Sarbai and Kostomuksha pellets, having different content of initial Sulphur in concentrate at nonisothermal heating.Regime peculiarities of sulphuric pellets thermal treatment in a layer considered. Recommendations on roasting regime of pellets layer elaborated, which enable to decrease the sulfates decomposition degree. The mechanism and kinetics of calcium sulfate dissociation at temperatures and gas content, typical for conveyer and sintering machines, studied. The temperature level determined, at which maximum dissociation velocity of calcium sulfate is reached. Simulation of the process of pellets thermal treatment in air and in helium media realized. It was shown that at roasting in a lowoxidizing atmosphere the sulphur content in pellets, roasted at correspondent temperatures, was decreased considerably. Rational iron ore pellets roasting regimes elaborated aimed at their acceptable properties both by strength and by Sulphur content.
Simulation of thermal state of a blast furnace blower nozzle
Authors: Tarasov Yu. S. , Levitsky L. A. , Radyuk A. G. , Titlyanov A. E. , Sidorova T. Yu. 
Published: December 2018

Items of durability increase of blower nozzle and reduction of heat losses through their surface are actual today. Reduction of heat losses is reached by different ways, including application of heat isolation insertion. In the Ansys Fluent media within a frame of stationary and non-stationary approaches, a simulation of process of fluid media movement, heat exchange and temperature field of the heat isolation insertion, installed into the internal cylinder of the blast furnace blower nozzle both with an air gap and without air gap carried out. The calculated area considered, which included fluid media inside the blow channel of the nozzle and heat isolation insertion. Availability of the internal cylinder, air gap, separating the cylinder from the insertion, and heat exchange with the nozzle cooling water were taken into consideration within expanded boundary conditions. It was shown, that the insertion, installed into the internal cylinder with air gap, has higher temperature in stationary position and better decreases heat losses through the internal cylinder, than the insertion, installed into the internal cylinder without air gap. Maximum temperature drop between the insertion surfaces, installed into the internal cylinder without air gap, is reached in stationary state. For the insertion installed in the internal cylinder with air gap, during heating a shot–term drop increase was observed, following by a decrease till the value, corresponding to stationary state (which is considerably smaller than that at no gap conditions).
Development of a new technology of welding of high speed movement rails
Authors: Kozyrev N. A. , Shevchenko R. A. , Kryukov R. E. , Usol'tsev A. A. 
Published: December 2018

Results of the study of welding modes influence following isothermal exposure of rail steel samples, made by admission of alternative current pulses after the welding quoted. The welding of the samples was made under laboratory conditions using the modernized machine for contact joint welding МС-2008М.Based on laboratory study data a method of contact joint welding, protected by a RF patent, was developed, enabling to obtain a welding connection of parts made of rail steel with uniform hardness distribution and small zone of thermal influence, meeting the elaborated by JSC EVRAZ ZSMK technical specifications for perspective welded joint connection of R65 rails of DT350 category. The proposed method enables to control the structure of welded rails connection without additional local thermal treatment.
Computer simulation for prediction of structures and properties of finished rolled products (analytical review of literature)
Authors: Matveev B. N. 
Published: December 2018

Actuality of the computer simulation is stipulated for necessity to provide metal stuff production not only within hard dimensional tolerances, but also having beforehand prescribed properties, determined by structure characteristics at observance restrictions on cost price. Mathematic simulation enables to determine accurately enough microstructure and mechanical properties under changing values of temperature and deformation pace and considerably reduce the volume of mechanical tests during certification and supply the products to the customer in 1–2 days after the rolling. In the end a reduction of costs of the steel stuff production is provided at the expense of the computer simulation application.An analytical review of publications on mathematical simulation of hot rolling processes quoted aiming at prediction of final microstructure and mechanical properties of steel rolled products. Using particular examples a possibility of application of models in industrial conditions shown, useful for accelerating of certifications processes and of supplying of products to customers.
Electroplastic effect in metals
Authors: Тroitsky О. A. 
Published: December 2018

A mechanism of electroplastic effect considered as well as possible areas of its technological application during rolling, drawing, stamping of thin sheets and other methods of metals forming.A conception justified that metal electroplastic deformation, based on electroplastic effect, can be applied at middle and final metallurgical stage. Electroplastic effect allows to decrease metal resistance to deformation by 25–30% and increase the ductility of a metal during its forming, to increase residual ductility till 30%. Due to increasing of axial texture perfection degree of wire during drawing technology with electroplastic effect application, a decrease of its electric resistance by 15% is reached. During the metal electroplastic deformation of stainless steels the austenite-martensitic phase γ→α transformation is practically completely suppressed, which makes unnecessary operations of money-and energy consuming austenizating annealing.Based on electroplastic effect about 45 mills and powerful metal-processing facilities, using metal electroplastic effect deformation created in different countries (mainly in Russia, South Korea, Italy, Great Britain and China). Different variants of effective energy-saving critical technologies are being developed by metal electroplastic effect deformation by rolling, drawing, stamping and flatting, as well as briquetting of metal wastes with current. A new equipment is created and existing equipment is modernized for application of metal еlectroplastic effect deformation technology.