bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression and stress among mothers of preterm and low birthweight infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Pellegrino John , Mundagowa Paddington T. , Sakyi Kwame Sarfo , Owusu Prince Gyebi , Agbinko‐Djobalar Babbel , Larson Leila M. , Kanyangarara Mufaro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum stress (PPS) and identify associated risk factors among mothers of preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants. We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected from 255 mothers with preterm and LBW infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana. A standardized interviewer‐administered questionnaire collected data on maternal, pregnancy, birth, and infant characteristics. The questionnaire also included the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and the Perceived Stress Scale‐4 (PSS‐4) to assess PPD and PPS, respectively. Simple and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with PPD and PPS. The prevalence of moderate to moderately severe PPD was 3.9%, and that of PPS was 43.5%. The multivariable linear regression analysis showed that an increased number of prenatal care visits (β‐estimate = 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08–0.43; P < 0.01) was positively associated with higher scores on the PHQ‐9, whereas gestational age at birth (β = −0.21; 95% CI –0.40 to −0.03; P = 0.02) was inversely associated with PHQ‐9 scores. Moreover, a longer gestational period at the first prenatal care visit (β = 0.25; 95% CI 0.05–0.45; P = 0.01) and following the Islamic religion were associated with elevated scores on the PSS‐4 (β = 0.95; 95% CI 0.11−1.80; P = 0.011). Our findings underscore the presence of moderate PPD levels and high PPS levels among mothers. Active screening, diagnosis, and treatment for mothers at risk of mental health disorders during the peripartum period could enhance coping mechanisms for mothers navigating the challenging NICU environment and transitioning to the home environment.
A mini‐review on egg waste valorization
Authors: Younas Kashaf , Afzaal Muhammad , Saeed Farhan , Shankar Amar , Kumar Bishoyi Ashok , Khare Neeraj , Imran Ali , Mahmood Kaiser , Amhed Aftab , Asghar Aasma , Samar Namra , Rasheed Musarrat , Islam Fakhar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEach year, approximately million tons of waste is generated from eggshells disposed of in landfills. This waste is challenging to manage because of the odor and microbiological development. However, eggshells have potential applications as a solid byproduct. They can be modified and used in various industries such as metal, polymer and ceramic composites, in the production of biodiesel, heavy metal absorption from wastewater, and even as a biomaterial to substitute bone tissues. Furthermore, eggshells can be used as a cheap adsorbent for the treatment of contaminated waterways. They are also a great source of calcium and fertilizer for plants, animals and humans. Chicken eggshells can even be used as a catalyst for converting waste frying oil into biofuel. This review highlights the challenges and opportunities of eggshell waste valorization in the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Survey of Practice Patterns in the Use of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Blocks
Authors: Asi Karim , Vance Dylan G. , Tritter Andrew G. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveSuperior laryngeal nerve (SLN) injection is performed for a variety of upper aerodigestive tract‐related indications. Existing literature examines the efficacy of SLN injection for specific indications. However, there is a paucity of insight into overall practice patterns and a lack of standardization, particularly with regards to medication and dosing, treatment time frame, and circumstances. The goal of this study is to elucidate the practice patterns of SLN injection and allow for broader understanding of its utilization.Data Sources/MethodsThis is a descriptive study of results from an electronic survey disseminated via email to US‐based and international otolaryngologists and laryngologists.Results80 responses were collected. 53.8% responders endorsed utilizing SLN injection in their practice, including 39/43 laryngologists (90.7%). Responders perform SLN injection for an array of indications, using a variety of anesthetic and steroid combinations and dosages. The most used steroid is triamcinolone (81.4%). The most used anesthetic is lidocaine (53.5%). 43% of respondents endorse willingness to perform bilateral injections simultaneously. Follow‐up after initial injection is highly inconsistent, as are time intervals between injections and number of injections performed. With regards to side effects and complications discussed prior to the procedure, 95% counseled patients on pain/discomfort while roughly half of responders discussed bleeding/hematoma, aspiration risk, vasovagal response, and/or globus sensation, respectively.ConclusionsThis is the first known study investigating the practice patterns of SLN injection. The substantial variability of responses reflects a lack of standardization of this procedure despite its widespread use. Further study is needed to optimize protocols.Level of EvidenceLevels 5 and 6 Laryngoscope, 2024
Patient Demographics and Factors Influencing Access to General Practitioner Services for Musculoskeletal Pain in the United Kingdom
Authors: Paydar Nikki , Sunmboye Kehinde 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAccess to general practitioner (GP) services is essential for managing musculoskeletal pain. This study investigates the relationship between patient demographics, co‐morbidities, health behaviours and difficulty in accessing GP services in the United Kingdom. Significant associations were explored between age, co‐morbidities and ease of securing GP appointments. This analysis provides insights into the barriers patients face and suggests targeted interventions for improving access to primary care.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using survey data from participants of various ages, ethnicities and socioeconomic statuses with either localised or generalised musculoskeletal pain. Relationships between key variables, such as age, co‐morbidities and difficulty in accessing GP services, were examined using chi‐square tests (for nominal variables) and Kruskal–Wallis tests (for nominal and ordinal variables).ResultsA total of 503 respondents participated in the online questionnaire. In all, 66% of the respondents were female. The majority of participants were Caucasian (69%), followed by South Asians (19%), with the remainder identifying as Black or of mixed ethnicity. Most respondents (62%) reported experiencing musculoskeletal pain for over 2 years. Significant associations were found between the age of the participants and difficulty in accessing GP services (χ2(20) = 39, p = 0.006), co‐morbidities and the impact of delayed GP reviews on patients' musculoskeletal pain (χ2(10) = 31, p = 0.001), employment status and alternative care choices (χ2(4) = 10.99, p = 0.027).ConclusionThese results highlight the multifaceted nature of healthcare access for patients of various ages with musculoskeletal pain. Age, co‐morbidities and employment status significantly influence access to GP services. Future studies should explore additional systemic healthcare barriers and develop personalised interventions to improve access for high‐risk populations.
A Comparative Study of Vitamin D Serum Levels in Monosymptomatic Enuretic Children and Non‐Enuretic Children
Authors: Mostafa Diaaeldin , Shaker Hasan , Badr Abdallah , Abuelnaga Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEnuresis refers to urinary incontinence during sleep in children over 5 years of age. The pathogenesis of enuresis is complex. It is related to low functional bladder capacity, nocturnal bladder overactivity, and high arousal threshold, and it is also related to the immaturity of the central nervous system. Also, it was related to nocturnal polyuria and decreased nocturnal urine osmolality. There are many clinical observations that link nocturnal enuresis with developmental delay in language and physical growth. Vitamin D is important for the critical biological actions involving neural function and development. It is involved in the regulation of nerve growth factor synthesis. It also has a neuroprotective effect. It not only plays a vital role in skeletal growth but also has other critical biological actions in neural development and function. Furthermore, Vitamin D deficiency was linked to increased urinary output, which raised the question of whether Vitamin D levels are linked to nocturnal polyuria and decreased nocturnal urine osmolality. It was observed in the mice model study that Vitamin D is a negative regulator of the renin‐angiotensin system, and its deficiency leads to abnormal thirst and increased water intake by mice with Vitamin D deficiency and as much as twice urinary output than normal mice.Aim of the StudyTo evaluate the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and nocturnal enuresis and to study the correlation between Vitamin D deficiency and urine osmolality, which is an indirect indicator of ADH deficiency.Patients and MethodsThis is a case‐control study that started in February 2020 and ended in August 2020 in our tertiary hospital. The study included 60 children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis selected randomly and 60 healthy children as a control group. We compared Vitamin D levels, nocturnal polyuria, and nocturnal urine osmolality among both groups.ResultsIn our study, there was a statistically significant difference between both groups regarding serum Vitamin D values. The results of the serum Vitamin D level showed that 63.3% of cases with nocturnal enuresis had low Vitamin D levels with a mean range (18.8 ± 7.1) compared with 41.7% in the control group with a higher mean range (23.7 ± 9.6), and a p value of 0.002.ConclusionOur study indicates that there is a significant relationship between primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and serum Vitamin D deficiency in children. We also proved that Vitamin D level is correlated positively with nocturnal urine osmolality.Trial RegistrationClinical trials registration number: NCT06243042.
Compliant Mechanism Synthesis Using Nonlinear Elastic Topology Optimization With Variable Boundary Conditions
Authors: Alacoque Lee R. , Bhattacharyya Anurag , James Kai A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn topology optimization of compliant mechanisms, the specific placement of boundary conditions strongly affects the resulting material distribution and performance of the design. At the same time, the most effective locations of the loads and supports are often difficult to find manually. This substantially limits topology optimization's effectiveness for many mechanism design problems. We remove this limitation by developing a method which automatically determines optimal positioning of a prescribed input displacement and a set of supports simultaneously with an optimal material layout. Using nonlinear elastic physics, we synthesize a variety of compliant mechanisms with large output displacements, snap‐through responses, and prescribed output paths, producing designs with significantly improved performance in every case tested. Compared to optimal designs generated using manually designed boundary conditions used in previous studies, the mechanisms presented in this paper see performance increases ranging from 47% to 380%. The results show that nonlinear mechanism responses may be particularly sensitive to boundary condition locations and that effective placements can be difficult to find without an automated method.
The impact of weight self‐stigma on weight‐loss treatment engagement and outcome
Authors: Schram Samantha J. , Olson KayLoni L. , Panza Emily , Lillis Jason 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with overweight or obesity often endure significant weight‐based prejudice and discrimination in various settings. Experiencing weight‐related stigma is linked to many adverse psychosocial outcomes. Weight self‐stigma is when an individual internalizes and identifies with negative attributes ascribed to people with larger bodies and has self‐devaluing thoughts because of their weight and is associated with poorer health outcomes.AimsThis study explored how weight self‐stigma may impact weight management efforts and outcomes for adults participating in an onlight weight‐loss intervention.Materials and Methods508 adults (86.2% female, 84.6% White) with overweight or obesity participated in an asynchronous 12‐week online weight‐loss intervention with computer‐generated feedback. Weight and weight self‐stigma were measured at baseline and 3 months later.ResultsThirty‐one point five percent of the sample reported high levels of stigma, which was associated with greater program dropout than those who did not report high stigma (32.5% vs. 21.6%). Program completers reporting high self‐stigma showed better treatment engagement (77.0% vs. 69.7% lessons viewed) and weight loss (M = −6.31% vs. −5.08%); these differences were not observed when using intent‐to‐treat assumptions. When analyzed as a continuous variable, weight self‐stigma showed no association with treatment engagement and outcome.DiscussionThese findings highlight the complexity of understanding how self‐stigma affects treatment engagement and outcome in behavioral weight loss and the need for more targeted research in this understudied area.ConclusionResults suggest that weight self‐stigma plays a role in weight management during an online weight‐loss intervention, affecting engagement and outcomes.
Investigation of the influence of the support structure on violin components in experimental modal analysis
Authors: Rauh Benedikt , Akar Özge , Willner Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVarious support structures are utilized in the investigation of the vibration characteristics of violins. Common mountings include rigid ropes, rubber ropes, and foam blocks arranged in different configurations. The impact of the support structure on the outcomes of experimental modal analysis on musical instruments has yet to be explored. This study aims to determine the most suitable support structure for experimental modal analysis of violin components by comparing results from various experimental modal analyses conducted on a violin top and back using different mounting configurations. Results were evaluated using criteria such as vibration characteristics, rigid body frequencies, number of modes, modal damping, amplitude, and mode shapes. In summary, the support structures using rubber ropes and foam blocks yielded the best results. The recommended configurations for rubber ropes are X‐shaped or orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the violin plates. When using foam blocks, it is essential to select foam with appropriate material parameters, as differences in density and stiffness resulted in significant variations of the measurement results.
Polyisoprene grafted white carbon black reinforced polyisobutylene‐based pressure‐sensitive adhesives: Comprehensive enhancement of adhesive performances
Authors: Kang Yuanyi , Feng Xingzhen , Zhao Yue , Fang Jiawei , Shui Lifei , Xin Meng , Hao Chuncheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNowadays, inorganic fillers are widely used to enhance pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs), but inorganic fillers have problems with poor compatibility and agglomeration. Furthermore, these types of PSAs usually have an antagonistic effect: as the shear performance improves, the initial tack decreases. This severely limits the application of PSAs. Herein, white carbon black (WCB) grafted with polyisoprene (PI) was prepared and used to enhance polyisobutylene‐based PSAs, and the optimal reaction conditions of grafting were explored. The shear and peel strength of PSAs all increase with the increase of the mass fraction of fillers. When the filler content is less than 10 wt%, the initial tack of PSAs increases. When the filler content exceeds 10 wt%, the initial viscosity of PSAs decreases, but it is still far higher than that of the unmodified WCB‐reinforced PSAs system. In addition, the rheological performances of PSAs were tested, further exploring the role of particle grafting in PSAs.Highlights
PSAs reinforced with white carbon black grafted with polyisoprene were prepared.
The optimal conditions for modified white carbon black have been determined.
The grafting fillers have improved all the performance of PSAs.
The grafting of fillers significantly reduces the antagonistic effect of PSAs.
Rheology was used to explore the effect of filler grafting in the PSAs.
The Reversible Gel to Gel Transition of a Phosphonocarboxylate Functionalized Strandberg‐Type Polyoxometalate System
Authors: Naulakha Pragya , Kaushik Priyanka , Raghavaiah Pallepogu , Supriya Sabbani 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Strandberg polyoxometalate (POM) metallogel Na4(H3O)2[(O2CC2H4PO3)2Mo5O15] (1) was synthesized in which the Strandberg cluster is functionalized by phosphonocarboxylate. The POM gel shows reversible sol to gel transition and gel to gel transition. The multiphase visual transitions between three states as a function of temperature and solvent are scarcely reported. The gel is characterized by temperature‐dependent and frequency‐dependent rheological studies and corresponding xerogels were characterized by FT‐IR, PXRD, FE‐SEM, EDX, TEM, and 31P NMR techniques. The stabilization of gel or obtaining single crystals from the same reaction mixture can be tuned by choice of counter cation. The single crystals of compound Cs14[(HO2CC2H4PO3)2Mo5O15]3·2Cl·10H2O (2) are obtained on addition of CsCl to compound 1 reaction mixture. Compound 2 is characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The compound 2 crystallizes in I2/a space group with unit cell parameters of a = 24.2415(16) Å, b = 10.4542(6) Å, c = 42.687(3) Å, α = 90°, β = 94.791°(3), and γ = 90°.
An Ultrasensitive Electrochemical DNA‐Nano Biosensor for Monitoring Tirapazamine as Anticancer Drug Using Zno/Co3O4 Nanocomposite
Authors: Alkhathami Ali G. , Ali Eyhab , Abdalhuseen Rasha Ali , Hammady Fathi Jihad , Hanoon Saheb Jubeir , Mizal Thair L. , Hashim Furqan S. , Abid Mohammed Kadhem , Alubaidy Mahmood Hasen , Al‐Musawi Sada Ghalib , Alawadi Ahmed Hussien , Alsaalamy Ali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we used a screen‐printed electrode (SPE) modified with polypyrrole (PP), ZnO/Co3O4 nanocomposite, and ds‐DNA as an extremely sensitive DNA biosensor to monitor tirapazamine (TPZ) real samples. To build the ds‐DNA/PP/ZnO/Co3O4 NC/SPE biosensor, the layer‐by‐layer manufacturing process was used. The proper alteration of the SPE surface as well as the effective fabrication of the ZnO/Co3O4 nanocomposite were both validated by the physicochemical characterization techniques. As a result of improving its conductivity of electricity along with allowing charged particles to move more easily, the modified SPE demonstrated much decreased the resistance of charge transfer based on the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. With the 0.43 nM LOD value, the suggested biosensor effectively measured TPZ throughout a broad concentration between 0.001 and 120 µM. Additionally, the molecular docking investigation among the TPZ molecule as well as the DNA was conducted to anticipate the TPZ contact sites with DNA and verified the experimental results. By combining the benefits of ZnO/Co3O4 nanocomposite with vital information from the molecular docking investigation, the current research lays the door for the creation of very sensitive DNA biosensors, which can be utilized to track and measure TPZ of real samples.
Antibacterial and Methylene Blue Dye Degradation Activity of hibiscus rosa sinensis Synthesized CoFe2O4 Nanocomposites
Authors: Singaravelan K. , Krishnamoorthi G. , Jeevanantham V. , Panyam Muralidharan Vivek 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCo‐precipitated biotic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles from the leaves of the Hibiscus rosa sinensis plant were used to produce bio‐reductant nanoparticles. The CoFe2O4 biomolecules were analyzed using EDX analysis to identify their structure through XRD, FTIR, UV, VSM, and SEM characterization. The cubic phase and crystallite size of biotic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were determined using XRD analysis. The FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm Cation migration and Co−Fe−O interaction. Using SEM, TEM, and EDX, it was confirmed that spherical biosynthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and the material they were made were present. VSM analysis confirmed the super‐paramagnetic nature of the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and magnetic pulse. Biosynthetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were used to eliminate organic(MB dye) and bacterial(S. aureus, B.Substils, and E. coli bacterial strains) pollutants. Spinel ferrite biosynthetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are capable of generating radical superoxide ions.
Enhanced Photodegradation of Congo Red Using RSM‐Optimized TiO₂ on Borassus flabellifer Male Inflorescence Biochar
Authors: Katika Raveena Malkari , Boddu Sumalatha , Mandapati Ramesh Naidu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study explores the use of biochar, derived from Borassus flabellifer male inflorescence biomass as an alternative support for titanium dioxide (TiO2) to enhance its photocatalytic activity in degrading Congo red (CR) dye pollutant. The biochar was synthesized through controlled pyrolysis and subsequently combined with TiO2 to form a nanocomposite via hydrothermal method. The primary goal of creating this nanocomposite is to breakdown azo dyes, such as CR, using UV irradiation. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, SEM coupled with EDAX, XPS, and UV‐DRS confirmed the successful integration of biochar with TiO2. The enhanced photocatalyst performance is attributed to the increased surface area, improved light absorption, and efficient charge separation facilitated by the biochar support. Furthermore, the experimental parameters were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). These studies demonstrated that the CR concentration, contact duration, pH, and photocatalyst quantity are critical factors in the photocatalytic oxidation process. The strong correlation coefficient for the first order model indicated that the data described by the RSM, agreed with the obtained results. This study highlights the potential of agricultural waste‐derived biochar as a cost‐effective and sustainable support for TiO₂, offering a viable solution for the remediation of dye‐contaminated water.
A Detailed Review on the Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts and Their Anticancer Applications
Authors: Tarhan Tuba 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNanobiotechnology is a field of science with tremendous promising applications in cancer chemotherapy, targeted drug delivery, molecular diagnosis, and molecular imaging. Selenium, one of the critical trace elements, participates in the structure of selenocysteine protein, which plays an important role in maintaining redox balance due to its oxidoreductase activity. Elemental selenium (Se0) has significantly lower toxicity values than its oxyanions, selenite, and selenate forms. For this reason, it is important to convert elemental selenium into atomic form in biological studies. In particular, their role in regulating the immune system makes selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) superior to others. SeNPs have been discussed effectively in the literature in anticancer activity applications. SeNPs green synthesis is focused on a more economical, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly application by using, reducing, and stabilizing agents in plants. The aim of this review is to highlight the anticancer activity applications of SeNPs synthesized with plant extracts in the last 6 years (i.e., between 2019 and 2024). In addition, it aims to shed light on the green synthesis mechanism of NPs by using plant extracts and to highlight the factors affecting green synthesis and its advantages and disadvantages.