bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled before‐after study to evaluate change in evidence‐based practice of speech and language therapy students
Authors: Durieux Nancy , Maillart Christelle , Donneau Anne‐Françoise , Pasleau Françoise 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe integration of evidence‐based practice (EBP) into speech and language therapy (SLT) curricula has been increasingly encouraged in recent years.ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate whether an educational module on EBP for undergraduate SLT students can improve their EBP competencies.MethodsThe EBP module, taught by a SLT faculty member and a librarian, was delivered over 2 months. All fourth year SLT students (trained group) and all fourth year psychology students (control group) of the University of Liège (Belgium) were asked to participate in the study. Their performance on an adapted Fresno test was measured before and after the module. In addition, the SLT students took a computer‐based searching task. They were also asked to share their perceptions towards the module.ResultsAll the 47 SLT students and 57/108 psychology students took the pre‐ and post‐tests. Although both groups performed similarly at the baseline, only the trained students gained new skills and knowledge. Furthermore, 36 SLT students shared their perceptions on the module and offered suggestions on ways to improve it.Discussion‐ConclusionTrained students improved their EBP competencies. Nevertheless, the module could be strengthened along with better integration of EBP into clinical modules and across the curriculum.
Independent determinants of periodontitis in Yemeni adults: A case‐control study
Authors: Al‐Alimi A , Halboub E , Al‐Sharabi AK , Taiyeb‐Ali T , Jaafar N , Al‐Hebshi NN 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe relative importance of risk factors of periodontitis varies from one population to another. In this study, we sought to identify independent risk factors of periodontitis in a Yemeni population.MethodsOne hundred and fifty periodontitis cases and 150 healthy controls, all Yemeni adults 30‐60 years old, were recruited. Sociodemographic data and history of oral hygiene practices and oral habits were obtained. Plaque index (PI) was measured on index teeth. Periodontal health status was assessed using Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) according to WHO. Periodontitis was defined as having one or more sextants with a CPI score ≥ 3. Multiple logistic regression modelling was employed to identify distal, intermediate and proximal determinants of periodontitis, while ordinal regression was used to identify those of CAL scores.ResultsIn logistic regression, PI score was associated with the highest odds of periodontitis (OR = 82.9) followed by cigarette smoking (OR = 12.8), water pipe smoking (OR = 10.2), male gender (OR = 3.4) and age (OR = 1.19); on the other hand, regular visits to the dentist (OR = 0.05), higher level of education (OR = 0.37) and daily dental flossing (OR = 0.95) were associated with lower odds. Somewhat similar associations were seen for CAL scores (ordinal regression); however, qat chewing was identified as an additional determinant (OR = 4.69).ConclusionWater pipe smoking is identified as a risk factor of periodontitis in this cohort in addition to globally known risk factors. Adjusted effect of qat chewing is limited to CAL scores, suggestive of association with recession.
Schools and Refugee Children: The Case of Syrians in Turkey
Authors: Çelik Çetin , İçduygu Ahmet 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEducation is the most effective tool for migrant and refugee integration. When successfully provided, it is particularly useful for eradicating the traces of trauma among refugee children, offering means to social mobility and enhancing social and structural integration into society. This article introduces schooling options for Syrian children in Turkey and deals with how school types shape experiences of these students through the accounts of their parents with attention to the notion of institutional habitus. Drawing on a comparative qualitative case study of refugee children in Temporary Education Centres and Public Schools in Turkey, it specifically investigates how schools with their practices, organization, and regulations contribute to or hinder the integration and adaptation of Syrian refugee children to school and society in Turkey.
Speciation in the mountains and dispersal by rivers: Molecular phylogeny of Eulamprus water skinks and the biogeography of Eastern Australia
Authors: Pepper Mitzy , Sumner Joanna , Brennan Ian G. , Hodges Kate , Lemmon Alan R. , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Peterson Garry , Rabosky Daniel L. , Schwarzkopf Lin , Scott Ian A. W. , Shea Glenn , Keogh J. Scott 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo develop a robust phylogeny for the iconic Australian water skinks (Eulamprus) and to explore the influence of landscape evolution of eastern Australia on phylogeographic patterns.LocationEastern and south‐eastern Australia.MethodsWe used Sanger methods to sequence a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus for 386 individuals across the five Eulamprus species to elucidate phylogeographic structure. We also sequenced a second mtDNA locus and four nuclear DNA (nDNA) loci for a subset of individuals to help inform our sampling strategy for next‐generation sequencing. Finally, we generated an anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) approach to sequence 378 loci for 25 individuals representing the major lineages identified in our Sanger dataset. These data were used to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among the species using coalescent‐based species tree inference in *BEAST and ASTRAL.ResultsThe relationships between Eulamprus species were resolved with a high level of confidence using our AHE dataset. In addition, our extensive mtDNA sampling revealed substantial phylogeographic structure in all species, with the exception of the geographically highly restricted E. leuraensis. Ratios of patristic distances (mtDNA/nDNA) indicate on average a 30‐fold greater distance as estimated using the mtDNA locus ND4.Main conclusionsThe major divergences between lineages strongly support previously identified biogeographic barriers in eastern Australia based on studies of other taxa. These breaks appear to correlate with regions where the Great Escarpment is absent or obscure, suggesting topographic lowlands and the accompanying dry woodlands are a major barrier to dispersal for water skinks. While some river corridors, such as the Hunter Valley, were likely historically dry enough to inhibit the movement of Eulamprus populations, our data indicate that others, such as the Murray and Darling Rivers, are able to facilitate extensive gene flow through the vast arid and semi‐arid lowlands of New South Wales and South Australia. Comparing the patristic distances between the mitochondrial and AHE datasets highlights the continued value in analysing both types of data.
Early developmental pathways to childhood symptoms of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Shephard Elizabeth , Bedford Rachael , Milosavljevic Bosiljka , Gliga Teodora , Jones Emily J.H. , Pickles Andrew , Johnson Mark H. , Charman Tony ,   The BASIS Team
Published: July 2018

BackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have co‐occurring symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or anxiety. It is unclear whether these disorders arise from shared or distinct developmental pathways. We explored this question by testing the specificity of early‐life (infant and toddler) predictors of mid‐childhood ADHD and anxiety symptoms compared to ASD symptoms.MethodsInfants (n = 104) at high and low familial risk for ASD took part in research assessments at 7, 14, 24 and 38 months, and 7 years of age. Symptoms of ASD, ADHD and anxiety were measured by parent report at age 7. Activity levels and inhibitory control, also measured by parent report, in infancy and toddlerhood were used as early‐life predictors of ADHD symptoms. Fearfulness and shyness measured in infancy and toddlerhood were used as early‐life predictors of anxiety symptoms. Correlations and path analysis models tested associations between early‐life predictors and mid‐childhood ADHD and anxiety symptoms compared to mid‐childhood ASD symptoms, and the influence of controlling for ASD symptoms on those associations.ResultsIncreased activity levels and poor inhibitory control were correlated with ADHD symptoms and not ASD or anxiety; these associations were unchanged in path models controlling for risk‐group and ASD symptoms. Increased fearfulness and shyness were correlated with anxiety symptoms, but also ASD symptoms. When controlling for risk‐group in path analysis, the association between shyness and anxiety became nonsignificant, and when further controlling for ASD symptoms the association between fearfulness and anxiety became marginal.ConclusionsThe specificity of early‐life predictors to ADHD symptoms suggests early developmental pathways to ADHD might be distinct from ASD. The overlap in early‐life predictors of anxiety and ASD suggests that these disorders are difficult to differentiate early in life, which could reflect the presence of common developmental pathways or convergence in early behavioural manifestations of these disorders.
Effect of extracorporeal low‐energy shock wave on diabetic gastroparesis in a rat model
Authors: Wu Keng‐Liang , Chiu Yi‐Chun , Yao Chih‐Chien , Tsai Cheng‐En , Hu Ming‐Luen , Kuo Chung‐Mou , Tai Wei‐Chen , Chuah Seng‐Kee , Hsiao Chang‐Chun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and AimDelayed gastric emptying occurs in more than 50% of chronic diabetic patients, and this is associated with significant impairments in quality of life. Traditional therapy for delayed gastric emptying has focused on supportive treatment, and there is no significant effective therapy. The effect of low‐energy shock wave on gastric motility is never studied. We investigated low‐energy shock wave on gastric motility in a diabetic rat model.MethodsTwenty‐eight male Wistar rats were studied and separated in three groups in randomized order as control, diabetic rats received shock wave, and diabetic rats received the sham procedure. Antral area and motility were recorded using the transabdominal ultrasound. Blood was taken for measurement of gastric motility peptides. Subjects were killed for immunohistochemical stain analysis of enteric plexus of the stomach.ResultsWe successfully induced 20 diabetic rats and set ultrasound for measuring rat gastric contract and emptying model and demonstrated that 6 weeks of low‐energy shock wave could promote gastric contraction and emptying in diabetic rats. Moreover, we demonstrated that shock wave could increase defecation and feces and decrease serum cholesterol and triglycerol. However, no effect on glycohemoglobin and gastric motility peptides was recorded. In the immunohistochemical staining, shock wave increased expression of gastric myenteric neuron plexus.ConclusionLow‐energy shock wave can increase gastric contraction and emptying by activating axonal regeneration and increasing myenteric plexus, but not related with motility peptides.
Subanesthetic ketamine reverses neuronal and astroglial metabolic activity deficits in a social defeat model of depression
Authors: Mishra Pravin K. , Kumar Arvind , Behar Kevin L. , Patel Anant B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDepression is one of the most debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders. Most of the current antidepressants have long remission time and low recovery rate. This study explores the impact of ketamine on neuronal and astroglial metabolic activity in prefrontal cortex in a social defeat (SD) model of depression. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a social defeat paradigm for 5 min a day for 10 consecutive days. Ketamine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered to mice for two consecutive days following the last defeat stress. Mice were infused with [1,6‐13C2]glucose or [2‐13C]acetate to assess neuronal and astroglial metabolic activity, respectively, together with proton‐observed carbon‐edited nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in prefrontal cortex tissue extract. The 13C labeling of amino acids from glucose and acetate was decreased in SD mice. Ketamine treatment in SD mice restored sucrose preference, social interaction and immobility time to control values. Acute subanesthetic ketamine restored the 13C labeling of brain amino acids from glucose as well as acetate in SD mice to the respective control values, suggesting that rates of neuronal and astroglial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and neurotransmitter cycling were re‐established to normal levels. The finding of improved energy metabolism in SD mice suggests that fast anti‐depressant action of ketamine is linked with improved neurotransmitter cycling.
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Frequency of circulating CD14++CD16+ intermediate monocytes as potential biomarker for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Song Yuxian , Zhou Qian , Zhu Huidong , Jing Yue , Zhang Xiaoxin , Yang Yan , Hu Qingang , Huang Xiaofeng , Ni Yanhong 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundMonocytes, which subdivided into three functional subsets (classical, intermediate, and nonclassical), play important roles in the progression of cancer. The subset composition is altered in several pathologic conditions including cancers. However, the composition and function of circulating monocyte subsets in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are still obscure.MethodsThe frequencies of monocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with OSCC and healthy donors are determined by flow cytometry, and their diagnostic values for OSCC were evaluated. The associations between levels of monocyte subsets and clinicopathological features of patients with OSCC were analyzed using cross‐tabulation with the chi‐square test.ResultsWe demonstrated that the frequency of CD14++CD16+ intermediate monocytes was remarkably increased (P < 0.0001) in OSCC patients compared with healthy controls (7.33% ± 2.56% of total monocytes, n = 68 versus 4.78% ± 1.50% of total monocytes, n = 57). A trend of decrease in CD14++CD16− classical subset was observed between these two groups (P = 0.0508), whereas no significant difference was detected in CD14+CD16++ nonclassical subset (P > 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that the frequency of intermediate monocytes (AUC = 0.810, P < 0.0001) could be a potential diagnostic biomarker to discriminate patients with OSCC from healthy subjects. Moreover, this parameter was significantly correlated to the worst pattern of invasion (WPOI, P < 0.05) of OSCC tissues.ConclusionsDetection of monocyte subsets in peripheral blood sheds a light on utilizing the frequency of intermediate monocytes as a potential diagnostic biomarker for OSCC.
Diversity and characterization of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus strains causing huanglongbing disease in Iran, based on two prophage loci
Authors: Saberi Esmeil , Alavi Seyed Mehdi , Safaie Nasr 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is a destructive disease of citrus; it is considered a newly emerging disease which has spread to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). In Iran, the disease was first found in 2009. In this study, two hypervariable prophage and phage‐related loci, bacteriophage repressor protein C1 (CLIBASIA_ 01645 locus) and prophage terminase gene (CLIBASIA_05610 locus), were used to determine the diversity and characterization of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) strains associated with HLB samples. Analyses of the CLIBASIA_01645 locus, characteristic of variable tandem repeat numbers (VTRNs), revealed the homogeneity of Iranian CLas isolates: However, this result showed two distinct genotypes (TRN < 10 and TRN > 10) of CLas in Iran. This is the first report documenting the presence of two differentially distributed genotypes of CLas in Iran. Sequence analysis of prophage terminase revealed the presence of two putative prophages (prophage I and prophage II) in the genome of CLas isolates of Iran. Frequency analysis of these two prophages by specific loci revealed the association between prophages populations, the development HLB symptoms and CLas genotypes and their interactions with another obligate symbiontic, HLB phytoplasma.
An evaluation of preoperative anxiety in Spanish‐speaking and Latino children in the United States
Authors: Mamtora Pragati H. , Kain Zeev N. , Stevenson Robert S. , Golianu Brenda , Zuk Jeannie , Gold Jeffrey I. , Fortier Michelle A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundThere is a large body of literature examining factors associated with children's preoperative anxiety; however, cultural variables such as ethnicity and language have not been included.AimsThe purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of Latino ethnicity and Spanish‐speaking families in pediatric preoperative anxiety.MethodsParticipants were 294 children aged 2‐15 years of age undergoing outpatient, elective tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy surgery and general anesthesia. Participants were recruited and categorized into 3 groups: English‐speaking non‐Latino White (n = 139), English‐speaking Latino (n = 88), and Spanish‐speaking Latino (n = 67). Children's anxiety was rated at 2 time points before surgery: the time the child entered the threshold of the operating room (Induction 1) and the time when the anesthesia mask was placed (Induction 2).ResultsResults from separate linear regression models at Induction 1 and Induction 2, respectively, showed that being from a Spanish‐speaking Latino family was associated with higher levels of preoperative anxiety compared with being from an English‐speaking family. In addition, young age and low sociability was associated with higher preoperative anxiety in children.ConclusionClinicians should be aware that younger, less sociable children of Spanish‐speaking Latino parents are at higher risk of developing preoperative anxiety and manage these children based on this increased risk.
Inpatient burden of pediatric dermatology in the United States
Authors: Arnold Justin D. , Yoon SunJung , Kirkorian A. Yasmine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesIt is known that inpatient care accounts for a significant portion of health care expenditures, but the national burden of inpatient pediatric dermatology is poorly characterized. We sought to assess risk factors, conditions, and financial costs associated with pediatric hospitalizations for skin disease.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of pediatric dermatology hospitalizations using the 2012 Kids’ Inpatient Database, which samples 80% of non‐birth‐related pediatric admissions from 44 states to generate national estimates. The demographic characteristics of children admitted for dermatologic and nondermatologic conditions were compared, and the financial costs of these admissions were analyzed.ResultsIn 2012, there were 74 229 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 68 620‐79 978) pediatric dermatology hospitalizations, accounting for 4.2% of all pediatric admissions and $379.8 million (95% CI = $341.3‐418.4 million) in health care costs. Bacterial infections (n = 59 115, 95% CI = 54 669‐63 561), viral diseases (n = 3812, 95% CI = 3457‐4167), and noncancerous skin growths (n = 2931, 95% CI = 2318‐3545) were the most common conditions requiring hospitalization. The highest mean cost per hospitalization was for admissions for cutaneous lymphomas ($58 294, 95% CI = $31 694‐84 893), congenital skin abnormalities ($24 186, 95% CI = $16 645‐31 728), and ulcers ($17 064, 95% CI = $14 683‐19 446). Pediatric dermatology hospitalizations were most strongly associated with living in a low‐income community (odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.16‐1.29) and the South (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.19‐1.46) and being uninsured (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.26‐1.45) or having Medicaid insurance (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.13‐1.22).ConclusionSkin disease is a common cause of hospitalizations in children, and there are disparities in these admissions that could reflect inadequate access to outpatient pediatric dermatologists.
Childhood pilomatricomas: Associated anomalies
Authors: Richet Camile , Maza Aude , Dreyfus Isabelle , Bourrat Emmanuelle , Mazereeuw‐Hautier Juliette 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPilomatricoma is a common benign tumor in children. We present a review of the literature with the aim of helping clinicians manage these patients. A detailed review of the literature was performed in the PubMed database using an exhaustive list of Medical Subject Heading words. One thousand four hundred fifty‐eight children were described in retrospective series and case reports. An associated disease was found in 32 children (2.2%), most of whom had several pilomatricomas (n = 23); 9 had a single lesion. Based on this literature review, we recommend reassuring the family and then conducting a detailed interview regarding past medical and family history and a thorough clinical examination for signs of Turner syndrome, constitutional mismatch repair deficiency, Kabuki syndrome, Steiner's myotonic dystrophy, or Gardner syndrome. Regular long‐term clinical follow‐up is recommended. Specific paraclinical examinations should be performed only in cases of other clinical anomalies or a positive family history. Pilomatricoma requires management because it may be associated with other potentially serious diseases, especially when multiple lesions are present.
Risk factors for pleural effusion recurrence in patients with malignancy
Authors: Grosu Horiana B. , Molina Sofia , Casal Roberto , Song Juhee , Li Liang , Diaz‐Mendoza Javier , Reddy Chakravarthy , Yarmus Lonny , Schiavo Dante , Simoff Michael , Johnstun Jared , Raid Abu‐Awwad , Feller‐Kopman David , Lee Hans , Sahetya Sarina , Foley Finbar , Maldonado Fabien , Tian Xin , Noor Laila , Miller Russell , Mudambi Lakshmi , Saettele Timothy , Vial‐Rodriguez Macarena , Eapen Gerogie A. , Ost David E. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe main purpose of treatment in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is symptom palliation. Currently, patients undergo repeat thoracenteses prior to receiving a definitive procedure as clinicians are not aware of the risk factors associated with fluid recurrence. The primary objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with recurrent symptomatic MPE.MethodsRetrospective multicentre cohort study of patients who underwent first thoracentesis was performed. The primary outcome was time to fluid recurrence requiring intervention in patients with evidence of metastatic disease. We used a cause‐specific hazard model to identify risk factors associated with fluid recurrence. We also developed a predictive model, utilizing Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard model, and externally validated the model.ResultsA total of 988 patients with diagnosed metastatic disease were included. Cumulative incidence of recurrence was high with 30% of patients recurring by day 15. On multivariate analysis, size of the effusion on chest X‐ray (up to the top of the cardiac silhouette (hazard ratio (HR): 1.84, 95% CI: 1.21–2.80, P = 0.004) and above the cardiac silhouette (HR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.43–3.46, P = 0.0004)), larger amount of pleural fluid drained (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04–1.07, P < 0.0001) and higher pleural fluid LDH (HR: 1.008, 95% CI: 1.004–1.011, P < 0.0001) were associated with increased hazard of recurrence. Negative cytology (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.43–0.64, P < 0.0001) was associated with decreased hazard of recurrence. The model had low prediction accuracy.ConclusionPleural effusion size, amount of pleural fluid drained, LDH and pleural fluid cytology were found to be risk factors for recurrence.