bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of Behavioral, Social, and Environmental Contextual Influences on Sexually Transmitted Infections in At Risk, Urban, Adolescents, and Young Adults
Authors: Boyer Cherrie B. , Santiago Rivera Olga J. , Chiaramonte Danielle M. , Ellen Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2018

Background
Despite the large body of extant literature on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs), more research on social and environmental contextual factors is needed. Also, further examination of STI indicators by gender remains a critical area of research focus.

Methods
Anonymous survey data were collected using audio computer-assisted self-interviews in community venues in urban, low-income, STI prevalent, US neighborhoods to reach AYAs, aged 12 to 24 years. Conventional descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multiple logistical regression models were used to assess indicators of a self-reported lifetime prevalence of STIs.

Results
Participants (N = 1540) were on average 20.6 years; 57.2% were women, the majority were racial and ethnic minorities (92%), and almost half (49.2%) identified as sexual minorities. Nearly one third (32.%) had 1 or more STIs. As expected, gender differences were identified. For AYA men, being African American/Black, moving residences more than 4 times since kindergarten, and having a history of human immunodeficiency virus testing were each positively associated with STIs. Also, those who strongly disagreed that many young people in their community exchanged sex for money had a significantly lower likelihood of having an STI. For AYA women, exchanging sex for drugs or money, lacking money, which prevented activities, and using marijuana were each associated with STIs.

Conclusions
This research extends our understanding of social and environmental contextual influences on AYAs’ risk for STIs. It highlights differences in risk exposures that are distinctly different for AYA women and men, suggesting the need for tailored interventions to address their unique economic needs and social challenges.
Nonadherence to National Guidelines for Antibiotic Treatment of Uncomplicated Gonorrhea in China: Results From a Nationwide Survey
Authors: Han Yan , Yin Yue-Ping , Zhou Ying , Liu Jing-Wei , Zhou Ke , Liu Hong-Ye , Yi Fei , Chen Xiang-Sheng 
Published: February 2018

Background
Provider adherence to the national treatment guidelines for gonorrhea is critical to assuring effective treatment. It is also an important means of limiting antibiotic overuse, which can lead to development of resistant bacteria. The Chinese treatment guidelines recommend the monotherapy with ceftriaxone or spectinomycin in accordance with the World Health Organization guidelines for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. We evaluated adherence to the guidelines among treatment providers in China.

Methods
The study was a nationwide cross-sectional study. In each of the 6 geographic regions in China, at least 1 province was selected. In each selected province, cities with elevated incidence of reported gonorrhea were purposively selected. Using a questionnaire, 2121 physicians recruited from 512 different categories and levels of health sectors from July to September 2017 were investigated.

Results
Of the participants, more than 99% diagnosed gonorrhea using one of the laboratory tests including Gram stain, culture, nucleic acid amplification test, or other tests. Culture was the predominant assay of the choice for the diagnosis. Of the 1890 physicians who provided information on prescription behaviors, 62.2% were not adherent to the regimens for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea recommended by the National Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Treatment Guidelines (National STD Guidelines). Physicians working in the areas located in Northern China (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.06; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 1.77–5.31), in general hospitals or departments of urology (AOR, 1.54; 95% CIs, 1.08–2.19), diagnosing more cases in the past 6 months (AOR, 1.82; 95% CIs, 1.25–2.67), or unfamiliar with the treatment regimens in the National STD Guidelines (AOR, 3.48; 95% CIs, 2.76–4.37) were significantly more likely to be nonadherent to the National STD Guidelines.

Conclusions
It can be concluded from our study that nonadherence to the national guidelines and empirical treatment with high doses of ceftriaxone occurred frequently in China. Further studies on the impacts of the empirical treatment on antimicrobial resistance of gonorrhea are needed.
HIV Infection Is Not Associated With Aortic Stiffness. Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are the Main Determinants—Cross-sectional Results of INI-ELSA-BRASIL
Authors: Moreira Rodrigo C. , Mill José G. , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Veloso Valdilea , Fonseca Maria de Jesus , Griep Rosane H. , Bensenor Isabela , Cardoso Sandra W. , Lotufo Paulo , Chor Dora , Pacheco Antonio G. ,   for the INI ELSA BRASIL
Published: February 2018

Introduction:
Aortic stiffness measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) is a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. We propose to assess whether HIV infection is associated with arterial stiffness and their determinants in HIV-infected subjects.

Methods:
We compared data from an HIV cohort (644 patients, HIV+) in Rio de Janeiro with 2 groups: 105 HIV-negative (HIV−) individuals and 14,873 participants of the ELSA-Brasil study. We used multivariable linear regression to investigate factors associated with cf-PWV and whether HIV was independently associated with aortic stiffness and propensity score weighting to control for imbalances between groups.

Results:
From 15,860 participants, cf-PWV was obtained in 15,622 (98.5%). Median age was 51 (interquartile range 45–58), 44.41 (35.73, 54.72), and 43.60 (36.01, 50.79) years (P < 0.001), and median cf-PWV (m/s; interquartile range) was 9.0 (8.10, 10.20), 8.70 (7.90, 10.20), and 8.48 (7.66, 9.40) for ELSA-Brasil, HIV− and HIV+, respectively (P < 0.001). In the final weighted multivariable models, HIV group was not associated with cf-PWV when compared either with ELSA-Brasil [β = −0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.23; P = 0.12; P = 0.52] or with the HIV- groups (β = 0.10; 95% CI = −0.10; 0, 31; P = 0.32). Traditional risk factors were associated with higher cf-PWV levels in the HIV+ group, particularly waist-to-hip ratio (β = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.10; 0.30; P < 0.001, result per one SD change).

Conclusions:
HIV infection was not associated with higher aortic stiffness according to our study. In HIV-infected subjects, the stiffness of large arteries is mainly associated with traditional risk factors and not to the HIV infection per se.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Tenofovir Reduced-Glycerin 1% Gel in the Rectal and Vaginal Compartments in Women: A Cross-Compartmental Study With Directly Observed Dosing
Authors: Justman Jessica E. , Nair Gonasagrie (Lulu) , Hendrix Craig W. , Piper Jeanna M. , Marzinke Mark A. , Dai James Y. , Pan Zhenyu , Galaska Beth , Levy Lisa , Schwartz Jill L. , Balar Bhavna , Kunjara Na Ayudhya Ratiya P. , Mushamiri Ivy , McGowan Ian , Dezzutti Charlene S. ,   for the MTN-014 Study Team
Published: February 2018

Background:
Evidence is lacking regarding whether vaginal pre-exposure prophylaxis with topical tenofovir (TFV) reduces the risk of rectal HIV acquisition.

Setting:
Bronx, NY.

Methods:
MTN-014 was a phase 1, cross-over, randomized sequence trial comparing the cross-compartment pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of daily TFV reduced-glycerin 1% gel after 14 days each of rectal and vaginal application, with directly observed dosing and a 6-week washout period between phases.

Results:
Fourteen HIV-uninfected women enrolled; 91% of doses were observed and 13 women completed all study procedures. TFV and TFV diphosphate (TFV-DP) were detected in most samples collected from the dosing compartment. After vaginal dosing, TFV was detected in 10/14 samples of rectal fluid (RF) (median 4.4 ng/sponge) and 1/13 rectal tissue samples (0.2 ng/mg); TFV-DP was detected in 2/13 rectal tissue samples at 59.8 and 76.5 fmol/mg. After rectal dosing, TFV was detected in 9/14 samples of vaginal fluid (median 1.1 ng/swab) and in 6/14 vaginal tissue samples (median below limit of quantification); TFV-DP was detected in 3/14 vaginal tissue samples at 17.3, 87.6, and 77.1 fmol/mg. Neither cervicovaginal lavage fluid nor RF collected 24 hours after rectal or vaginal dosing resulted in a statistically significant suppression of viral replication.

Conclusions:
In this study of 14 days each of vaginal and rectal application of TFV reduced-glycerin 1% gel, we found only a small degree of cross-compartment distribution of TFV in RF and vaginal fluids and no pharmacodynamic activity in ex vivo testing. Although high TFV concentrations in the dosing compartment may be protective, low cross-compartment tissue concentrations are not likely to be protective.
HIV Risk Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Age-Disparate Partnerships: Evidence From KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Maughan-Brown Brendan , George Gavin , Beckett Sean , Evans Meredith , Lewis Lara , Cawood Cherie , Khanyile David , Kharsany Ayesha B. M. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Evidence on the role of age-disparate partnerships in high HIV-infection rates among young women in sub-Saharan Africa remains inconclusive. This study examined the HIV-infection risk associated with age-disparate partnerships among 15- to 24-year-old women in a hyperendemic setting in South Africa.

Methods:
Face-to-face questionnaire, and laboratory HIV and viral load data were collected during 2014–2015 among a representative sample (15–49 years old) in KwaZulu-Natal. The association between age-disparate partnerships (age difference ≥5 years) and HIV status among 15- to 24-year-old women (N = 1459) was assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses. Data from the male sample on all on-going partnerships (N = 1229) involving 15- to 24-year-old women were used to assess whether young women's age-disparate male partners were more likely to have a viral load ≥1000 copies per milliliter, a marker of HIV-infection risk.

Results:
Women reporting an age disparity in any of their 3 most recent partnerships were more likely to test HIV positive compared to women with only age-similar partners [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20 to 2.09, P < 0.01]. Among partnerships men reported with 15- to 24-year-old women, the age-disparate male partners were more likely to be HIV positive and have a viral load ≥1000 copies per milliliter (aOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.30 to 3.24, P < 0.01) compared with age-similar partners. Results were similar for each category of age disparity: partners 5–9 years older (aOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.18 to 3.43, P = 0.010) and those ≥10 years older (aOR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.01–4.66, P = 0.048).

Conclusions:
Results indicate that age-disparate partnerships increase young women's HIV risk, although conclusive evidence was not ascertained. Interventions addressing risk from age-disparate sexual partnering, including expanding antiretroviral treatment among older partners, may help to reduce HIV incidence among young women.
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Revealing Unusual Inguinal Canal and Distant Nodal Metastasis in a Case of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Vadi Shelvin Kumar , Kumar Rajender , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Singh Harmandeep , Singh Shrawan Kumar 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

68Gallium-prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) is well established in the imaging of prostate cancer (PC). Here, we report a case of castration-resistant PC who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for recurrence evaluation, which revealed metastatic lesions in distant lymph nodes and additionally an unusual metastatic deposit in the inguinal canal. The second 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT done after oral hormonal therapy yielded a favorable response. This pattern of distant metastatic spread is a rare presentation of PC, and PSMA PET/CT revealed the unusual metastasis in the inguinal canal with a timely therapy culminating in favorable disease response.
The Findings on Bone Scintigraphy in Patients With Suspected Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia Should Not Be Overlooked
Authors: Wang Ling , Zhang Shu , Jing Hongli , Chen Libo , Wang Zhenghua , Li Fang 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a chronic, devastating disease. The causative tumor is usually a small benign one that is very difficult to localize. Because the presenting symptoms include diffuse bone pain, a bone scintigraphy is commonly performed to determine the cause of the pain before TIO is suspected. In this retrospective investigation, we tried to assess whether bone scintigraphy acquired will be helpful in the eventual identification of the culprit tumor.

Methods
The images of bone scan and clinical charts of total 91 patients with confirmed TIO were retrospectively reviewed. The image findings were compared with the results of other imaging studies, surgical notes, histopathologic examinations and clinical follow-ups.

Results
In 76.9% (70 of 91) of the patients, the findings of bone scintigraphy did not correspond to the sites of the causative tumors, which were subsequently located. However, in 23.1% of the patients (21 of 91), the sites of the causative tumors corresponded to one of the abnormal technetium 99m-methyl diphosphonate activity on bone scintigraphy. More importantly, 6 tumors corresponded to the dominant activity on bone scintigraphy.

Conclusions
Although findings of whole-body scintigraphy are nonspecific in patients with TIO, careful evaluation of bone scintigraphy results can be helpful in guiding further evaluation in some patients.
A critical appraisal of gabapentinoids for pain in cancer patients
Authors: Jordan Roberta I. , Mulvey Matthew R. , Bennett Michael I. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose of review
Gabapentinoids are frequently used in the management of cancer pain. In recent Cochrane systematic reviews, although there was an abundance of evidence relating to non-cancer pain, only a few studies related to cancer pain. This review summarizes recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the use of gabapentinoids for tumour-related (as monotherapy or part of combination therapy) and treatment-related pain.

Recent findings
For tumour-related pain, ten out of thirteen studies showed statistically significant benefits in favour of gabapentinoids. When used, as part of monotherapy or combination therapy, benefits were observed in five out of six studies evaluating gabapentin, and in six out of eight studies evaluating pregabalin. For treatment-related pain, none of the four studies (two gabapentin, two pregabalin) showed statistically significant benefits in favour of gabapentinoids. Unfortunately, many of the studies included were limited by small sample size, lack of blinding, and inadequate follow-up.

Summary
More and better quality studies are required, although it may be challenging to accomplish in this patient population. Gabapentinoids may offer benefits to cancer patients with pain, but careful titration and monitoring of adverse effects is necessary.
Experience, Knowledge, and Attitudes of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists in Belgium Toward Pediatric Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: De Meulenaere Maarten , De Meulenaere Jan , Ghaziuddin Neera , Sienaert Pascal 
Published: February 2018

Objective
The purpose of the present study was to ascertain the experience, knowledge, and attitudes of child and adolescent psychiatrists toward the use of ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) in children and adolescents in Belgium.

Methods
A questionnaire was mailed to all the members of the Flemish and Walloon Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists.

Results
Thirty-five percent (n = 151) of the psychiatrists responded to the questionnaire. Sixty-seven percent (n = 101) rated their knowledge about ECT in children and adolescents as nil or negligible. Only one percent (n = 2) estimated their knowledge to be advanced. Fifteen percent (n = 22) were aware of a minor treated with ECT. Ten (n = 16) and thirty-one percent (n = 47) believed that ECT is a safe treatment for children and adolescents, respectively. Only six percent (n = 10) would recommend ECT for a major psychiatric disorder in a child, whereas thirty-eight percent (n = 58) for an adolescent. Fifty-three percent (n = 71) regarded ECT as a treatment of last resort. A significant correlation was identified between knowledge and attitudes toward the use of ECT in minors. Respondents with some or advanced knowledge perceived ECT as a safer and a more effective treatment option than those with negligible knowledge. Most (91%, n = 138) of the child and adolescent psychiatrists are enthusiastic to learn more about the use of ECT in minors.

Conclusions
Flemish and Walloon child and adolescents psychiatrists have very little experience with using ECT in minors. They self-estimated their knowledge as negligible but are keen to learn more about this treatment option. The lack of knowledge likely explains the rare use of ECT in Belgium for children and adolescents with serious psychiatric disorders.
Mammalian Cell Entry domains are required for bile resistance and virulence inSalmonella
Authors: Isom Georgia L. , Rooke Jessica L. , Antunes Camila A. , Sheehan Emma , Wells Timothy J. , Icke Christopher , Cunningham Adam F. , Cole Jeffrey A. , Henderson Ian R. , Rossiter Amanda E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMCE domains were first reported inMycobacteriaas having a role inMammalianCellEntry, with subsequent studies showing their importance during infection. Here, we have examined the function of MCE proteins inSalmonellaTyphimurium during mammalian infection. We report that MCE proteins are required forSalmonellavirulence, but that this is not related to decreased adherence, entry or survival in mammalian cells. Instead, we reveal that MCE proteins are required forSalmonellabile resistance, in particular to withstand bile salts such as cholate and deoxycholate. Based on our previous work inEscherichia coli, and other studies that have reported roles for MCE proteins in membrane biogenesis, we propose thatSalmonellalacking MCE domains have a defective outer membrane that results in bile sensitivity and decreased virulencein vivo. These results suggest that MCE domains mediate fundamental aspects of bacterial membrane physiology as opposed to a proposed direct role in mammalian cell entry, explaining their conservation across both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria.
Topology highlights mesoscopic functional equivalence between imagery and perception
Authors: Ibáñez-Marcelo Esther , Campioni Lisa , Phinyomark Angkoon , Petri Giovanni , Santarcangelo Enrica L. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe functional equivalence between mental images and perception or motion has been proposed on the basis of neuroimaging evidence of large spatially overlapping activations between real and imagined sensori-motor conditions. However, similar local activation patterns do not imply the same mesoscopic integration of brain regions active during imagery and perception or action. Here we present the first EEG evidence of topological equivalence between functional network organization at intermediate and global scales during tasks. We show that the degree of functional equivalence varies in the population and is associated with different magnitudes in the restructuring of the functional connectivity between imagery and real tasks. In particular, changes observed during imagery with respect to basal conditions account for the cognitive effort experienced during imagery, and subjects characterized by stronger functional equivalence exhibit smaller topological deviations in the imagination tasks performed after real tasks, thus showing learning effects. Altogether, our findings point to different sensori-cognitive information processing in the subjects showing different functional equivalence. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for a novel dynamical description of functional equivalence, which will be relevant for socio-cognitive theories of embodiment and cognitive formulations of how different selves emerge from neurophysiological assets.
Transformational branding for B2B business: protective packaging company
Authors: Lau Kong Cheen , Lim Luke 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The concept of brand transformation concerns a brand strategy that advocates radical changes. It involves a collective set of actions and activities that are coherently steered to regenerate the engagement experience of the target market emanating from the brand strategy. Nevertheless, there are still lack of case studies demonstrating this in the B2B business sector. The purpose of this paper is to exhibit a brand transformation initiative taken by a B2B business, particularly the handling challenges leading to the initiative coupled with the framework and processes involved to make it a success.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study method was applied with documentation of inputs captured from different stakeholders. Consulting practitioners from a brand consultancy involved in the brand transformation initiative documented interviews and audit findings which offered first-hand report regarding their involvement and experience of bringing the B2B business through the brand transformation journey.

Findings
Brand transformation at Fagerdala warranted a radical re-orientation of the brand positioning that supports a clear business intent that was put forward. The initiative encompasses strong leadership, commitment and change management to drive transformational changes involving both internal and external stakeholders. An innovation oriented mind-set is critical to drive radical changes to support coherent efforts that could ultimately engender to distinct brand experience to targeted stakeholders.

Practical implications
This paper provides brand managers, particularly the brand owners practical and realisable example on how to plan and execute brand transformation in a B2B business environment. More specifically, it highlights the indicators for embarking on this initiative, the approach to drive brand transformation based on established brand strategy frameworks and finally how to execute the strategy in a practical manner.

Originality/value
This paper extends the concept of brand transformation that has recently been mentioned in literature from one of conceptual perspective to one of practice perspective. It emphasises and underscores some of the details of execution that is instrumental in the practice of brand transformation within a B2B industry sector.