bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft, Wet and Ionic Microelectrode Systems
Authors: Nishizawa Matsuhiko 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Engineering the interface between electric devices and ionic biosystems is of central importance to the advancement of biomedical devices. We have developed organic electrodes that are soft and moist like biological systems. Their larger interfacial capacitance is of advantage for the low-invasive electrical stimulation of cells and tissues without cytotoxic faradaic reactions. Conducting polymer-based composite electrodes developed here were useful for bioassay and medical treatments. The performance of enzyme-modified electrodes, which are the core component of biosensors and biofuel cells, was found to be greatly improved by utilizing nanostructures of carbon nanotubes (CNT). Self-powered sensors and skin patches were realized by using built-in biofuel cells with the CNT-based enzyme electrodes.
A Safe, Simple, and Facile Staining Method Using Polysiloxanes for High-Contrast Visualization of Gelator Aggregates by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hanabusa Kenji , Nakashima Masashi , Funatsu Eriko , Kishi Sachiyo , Suzuki Masahiro 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The staining of TEM samples using Si atoms was investigated using aggregates of loose gels formed by twelve structurally different gelators in several solvents. Thirteen commercially available siloxanes were used as stains. TEM images of non-stained and OsO4-stained samples of molecular aggregates formed by the dodecamethylenediamide of N-methacryloyloxyethylaminocarbonyl-l-isoleucine in 1-propanol were poorly defined and low-contrast. However, the image of a methacryloyloxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (S1)-stained sample was characterized by very clear bundles of fine fibers. The staining effect was explained by the wrapping of fibers, the stabilizing of the individual fibers, and reinforcing by S1. An S1 concentration of more than 5 mg mL−1 was found to be necessary for satisfactory contrast. S1 was successfully applied to the observation of aggregates of eleven other gelators. S1 worked universally as an aggregate stain regardless of the gelator or solvent polarity. The staining effect was observed for other siloxanes. This effect was found to depend on the molecular weight of the siloxane (&gt;1,000) rather than the kind of siloxane employed. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the molecules of S1 gather on the surface of the fibers during drying, wrapping them. The results indicate that the present staining method guarantees reproducibility and universality.
Sport and Triad Risk Factors Influence Bone Mineral Density in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: TENFORDE ADAM S. , CARLSON JENNIFER L. , SAINANI KRISTIN L. , CHANG AUDREY O. , KIM JAE HYUNG , GOLDEN NEVILLE H. , FREDERICSON MICHAEL 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTPurposeAthletes in weight-bearing sports may benefit from higher bone mineral density (BMD). However, some athletes are at risk for impaired BMD with female athlete triad (Triad). The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of sports participation and Triad on BMD. We hypothesize that athletes in high-impact and multidirectional loading sports will have highest BMD, whereas nonimpact and low-impact sports will have lowest BMD. Triad risk factors are expected to reduce BMD values independent of sports participation.MethodsTwo hundred thirty-nine female athletes participating in 16 collegiate sports completed dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans to measure BMDz-scores of the lumbar spine (LS) and total body (TB). Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Triad risk assessment variables were obtained from preparticipation examination. Mean BMDz-scores were compared between sports and by sport category (high-impact, multidirectional, low-impact, and nonimpact). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify differences of BMDz-scores accounting for Triad and body size/composition.ResultsAthlete populations with lowest average BMDz-scores included synchronized swimming (LS, −0.34; TB, 0.21) swimming/diving (LS, 0.34; TB, −0.06), crew/rowing (LS, 0.27; TB, 0.62), and cross-country (LS, 0.29; TB, 0.91). Highest values were in gymnastics (LS, 1.96; TB, 1.37), volleyball (LS, 1.90; TB, 1.74), basketball (LS, 1.73; TB, 1.99), and softball (LS, 1.68; TB, 1.78). All Triad risk factors were associated with lower BMDz-scores in univariable analyses; only low BMI and oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea were associated in multivariable analyses (allP< 0.05). Accounting for Triad risk factors and body size/composition, high-impact sports were associated with higher LS and TB BMDz-scores and nonimpact sports with lower LS and TB BMDz-scores compared to low-impact sport (allP< 0.05).ConclusionsBoth sport type and Triad risk factors influence BMD. Athletes in low-impact and nonimpact sports and athletes with low BMI and oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea are at highest risk for reduced BMD.
A systematic review and critical analysis of cost-effectiveness studies for coronary artery disease treatment
Authors: McCreanor Victoria , Graves Nicholas , Barnett Adrian G , Parsonage Will , Merlo Gregory 
Published: July 2018

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of death among Australians, despite dramatic improvements in overall cardiovascular health since the 1980s. Treating cardiovascular disease continues to place a significant economic strain on the Australian health care system, with direct healthcare costs exceeding those of any other disease. Coronary artery disease accounts for nearly one third of these costs and spending continues to rise. A range of treatments is available for coronary artery disease yet evidence of cost-effectiveness is missing, particularly for the Australian context. Cost-effectiveness evidence can signal waste and inefficiency and so is essential for an efficient allocation of healthcare resources. Methods: We used systematic review methods to search the literature across several electronic databases for economic evaluations of treatments for stable coronary artery disease. We critically appraised the literature found in searches, both against the CHEERS statement for quality reporting of economic evaluations and in terms of its usefulness for policy and decision-makers. Results: We retrieved a total of 308 references, 229 once duplicates were removed. Of these, 26 were excluded as they were not full papers (letters, editorials etc.), 55 were review papers, 50 were not cost-effectiveness analyses and 93 related to a highly specific patient sub-group or did not consider all treatment options. This left five papers to be reviewed in full. Conclusions: The current cost-effectiveness evidence does not support the increased use of PCI that has been seen in Australia and internationally. Due to problems with accessibility, clarity and relevance to policy and decision-makers, some otherwise very scientifically rigorous analyses have failed to generate any policy changes.
Analysis of a large food chemical database: chemical space, diversity, and complexity
Authors: Naveja J. Jesús , Rico-Hidalgo Mariel P. , Medina-Franco José L. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Food chemicals are a cornerstone in the food industry. However, its chemical diversity has been explored on a limited basis, for instance, previous analysis of food-related databases were done up to 2,200 molecules. The goal of this work was to quantify the chemical diversity of chemical compounds stored in FooDB, a database with nearly 24,000 food chemicals. Methods: The visual representation of the chemical space of FooDB was done with ChemMaps, a novel approach based on the concept of chemical satellites. The large food chemical database was profiled based on physicochemical properties, molecular complexity and scaffold content. The global diversity of FoodDB was characterized using Consensus Diversity Plots. Results: It was found that compounds in FooDB are very diverse in terms of properties and structure, with a large structural complexity. It was also found that one third of the food chemicals are acyclic molecules and ring-containing molecules are mostly monocyclic, with several scaffolds common to natural products in other databases. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of the chemical diversity and complexity of FooDB. This study represents a step further to the emerging field of “Food Informatics”. Future study should compare directly the chemical structures of the molecules in FooDB with other compound databases, for instance, drug-like databases and natural products collections.
Tuberculous meningitis diagnosis and outcomes during the Xpert MTB/Rif era: a 6.5-year cohort study in Uganda
Authors: Cresswell Fiona V. , Bangdiwala Ananta S. , Bahr Nathan C. , Trautner Emily , Nuwagira Edwin , Ellis Jayne P. , Rajasingham Radha , Rhein Joshua , Williams Darlisha A. , Muzoora Conrad , Elliott Alison M. , Meya David B. , Boulware David R. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), a leading cause of meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa, is notoriously difficult to diagnose. In our Ugandan setting TB diagnostics have evolved rapidly in recent years, with introduction of Xpert MTB/Rif (Xpert) in 2011 and culture in 2013. We aim to describe the impact of improved TBM diagnostics at two Ugandan hospitals between 2010 and 2017. Methods: Adults presenting with meningitis (headache and objective meningism) were assessed for eligibility for enrolment in two consecutive trials investigating cryptococcal meningitis. Cohort one received cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) smear microscopy only (2010-2013). Cohort two received smear microscopy and Xpert on 1ml unprocessed CSF at physician discretion (2011-2013). Cohort three received smear microscopy, routine liquid-media culture and Xpert on large volume CSF (2013-2017) for all meningitis suspects with a negative CSF cryptococcal antigen (crAg). In a post-hoc analysis of three prospective cohorts, we compare rates of microbiologically confirmed TBM and hospital outcomes over time. Results: 1672 predominantly HIV-infected adults underwent lumbar puncture, of which 33% (558/1672) had negative CSF crAg and 12% (195/1672) were treated for TBM. Over the study period, microbiological confirmation of TBM increased from 3% to 41% (P<0.01) and there was a decline in in-hospital mortality from 57% to 41% (P=0.27). Adjusting for definite TBM and antiretroviral therapy, and using imputed data, the odds of dying were nearly twice as high in cohort one (adjusted odds ratio 1.7, 95% CI 0.7 to 4.4) compared to cohort three. Sensitivity of Xpert was 63% (38/60) and culture was 65% (39/60) against a composite reference standard. Conclusions: Since 2010, as TBM diagnostics have evolved, microbiologically-confirmed TBM diagnoses have increased significantly. There has been a non-significant decline in TBM in-hospital mortality but due to multiple possible confounding factors it is not possible to conclude what has driven this decline in mortality.
Percepción del paisaje desde la mirada del turista de algunos espacios de transformación urbana de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: López Zapata Ledys Vianey , Sepúlveda Wilmar Mauricio , Gómez Gómez Johan Sebastián 
Published: July 2018

Las políticas de intervención urbana han contribuido con la revitalización de diferentes ciudades alrededor del mundo, lo que genera zonas con vocación para el turismo en territorios transformados urbanísticamente y algunos con características de asentamientos precarios. Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación sobre la percepción del visitante en los territorios de transformación urbana de Medellín, Colombia, se utiliza una estrategia de investigación descriptivade enfoque mixto. Como principales hallazgos se encuentra que las zonas de estudio son frecuentadas principalmente por turistas internacionales (68 %), los cuales presentan mayores niveles de interacción con la población local (67 %) y consumen con mayor frecuencia productos y servicios ofrecidos por estos (65 %).
La evaluación del espacio público de ciudades intermedias de Chile desde la perspectiva de sus habitantes: implicaciones para la intervención urbana
Authors: Páramo Pablo , Burbano Andrea , Palomo-Vélez Gonzalo , Moyano Emilio 
Published: July 2018

A diferencia de las evaluaciones del espacio público urbano realizadas de ‘arriba hacia abajo’, ‘objetivistas’ o desde los ‘expertos’, se busca aquí identificar las evaluaciones de los habitantes mismos de la ciudad. Se mide y reporta la importancia y la satisfacción que experimentan 138 habitantes de la ciudad de Talca (202 000 mil habitantes, Chile) quienes respondieron un cuestionario de47 ítems referidos a la importancia y satisfacción en relación con diferentes aspectos del espacio público de la ciudad. Un análisis de escalamiento multidimensional muestra que las personas evaluaron las condiciones de salud, los conciertos de música, el entorno, los espacios deportivos y la movilidad como los aspectos más importantes de la calidad de la vida urbana, mientras que informaron estar insatisfechos con diversos aspectos del espacio público, en particular, con elruido y el comercio en las calles. Todas las dimensiones específicas de la satisfacción correlacionan positivamente con la satisfacción global con la calidad del espacio público. Los resultados se discuten sobre la necesidad de generar mecanismos de participación y evaluación de la Calidad de Vida Urbana y su incorporación a la planificación y gestión urbanas.
Fragmentación urbana por medio de redes de agua: el caso de Cochabamba, Bolivia
Authors: Cabrera Quispe Juan Edson 
Published: July 2018

Ante la limitada capacidad del sector público en Bolivia para dotar de servicios básicos e infraestructuras al interior del área metropolitana de Cochabamba, decenas de organizaciones vecinales desarrollan prácticas y estrategias dirigidas a la autogestión de diferentes servicios, entre ellos el agua para consumo humano. estas estrategias alrededor de la autogestión del servicio de agua son desarrolladas por una serie de operadores locales de pequeña escala, pequeñas organizaciones barriales cuyo fin principal es garantizar el acceso a servicios de agua mediante la administración de pequeños sistemas y redes de servicio de agua. Su acción permite el equitativo y permanente acceso al recurso; sin embargo, sus estrategias devienen en escenarios de fragmentación urbana donde cunden fuertes procesos de dislocación social, con pérdida de solidaridad entre vecinos y la división de la ciudad en centenares de fragmentos.
Elements of a shared theory of science for design
Authors: Galle Per 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHigher education for the design professions – designers, architects and engineers – has been combining traditional disciplines of research and design in new ways, into what is now known as design research. As a discipline in its own right, design research is still quite young, and the design professions need a theory of science that takes their specific character into account, thus contributing to their self-image, and locating them in the greater landscape of research. Using philosophically oriented conceptual analysis I develop a system of basic concepts as elements of such a theory of science for the design professions. The concepts of design, research and design research are analysed, clarified and coordinated, in relation to concepts such as knowledge, theory and practice. At the same time I propose a precise, yet intuitive, terminology that may be shared and foster cross-disciplinary understanding and communication among the design professions, and which each of them can expand for purposes of its own.
A Review: The Emerging Nutraceutical Potential of Pumpkin Seeds
Authors: Lestari Beni , Meiyanto Edy 
Published: July 2018

The pumpkin, belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae, is a well-known edible plant that has been frequently used as functional food or herbal medicine. Pumpkins contain rich unsaturated fatty acids, phytoestrogens and vitamins E in their seeds that have potential pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical properties. Information regarding their nutritional components and therapeutic properties of pumpkin seeds has expanded dynamically in the recent years and this review focus on the three main components of pumpkin seeds that described before. Several types of unsaturated fatty acids are the dominant composition in pumpkin seeds which can play a role in the disease prevention and promote health. Pumpkin seeds also contain the important phytoestrogen compounds, i.e., secoisolariciresinol and lariciresinol that have estrogenic-like effect such as preventing hyperlipidemia and osteoporosis for menopausal women. Phytoestrogens in pumpkin seeds also could be related to a reduced hormone-dependent tumor. Pumpkin seeds are rich in vitamin E contents as an emerging free radical scavenger, antiaging and antioxidant such as a-tocopherol and g-tocopherol. Findings of these studies prove that patents field for the innovation product of pumpkin seeds holds promise for the future along with their immense nutraceutical properties.
Severe congenital autoimmune neutropenia in preterm monozygotic twins: case series and literature review
Authors: Abdelhamid Rehab , Yusuf Kamran , Lodha Abhay , Al Awad Essa Hamadan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The presence of high levels of neutrophil associated immunoglobulins (NAIG) in the serum of newborns with neutropenia and their mothers is usually associated with the diagnosis of allo-immune neonatal neutropenia (AINN). We describe a set of otherwise healthy late preterm monozygotic twins who presented with an isolated severe neonatal neutropenia on the first day of life. Flow cytometry for neutrophil antibody screen for both twins detected elevated levels of NAIG with normal serum levels of allo anti-neutrophil antibody (allo-NAB). Maternal serum did not contain either NAIG or allo-NAB. Also, the NAIG immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were markedly increased in both twins if compared to the increase in the NAIG immunoglobulin G (IgG). Both twins showed very good response to a short course treatment with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), they remained clinically well until 12 months of age. We suggest that this case may be an early presentation of autoimmune neutropenia of infancy. This case study is the earliest report of autoimmune neutropenia of infancy in preterm monozygotic twins.
Is cable yarding a dangerous occupation? A Survey from the public and private sector
Authors: Allman Michal , Allmanová Zuzana , Jankovský Martin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Cable yarding is a physically demanding and dangerous occupation in forest harvesting. Currently, the technology is gaining interest due to its low environmental impacts compared to the ground based technologies. This paper was focused on comparing the subjective opinions regarding occupational safety and work environment with objective findings found in the literature. We used a questionnaire with 33 questions, divided into three main parts: (i) personal traits of the participants; (ii) occupation description; and (iii) the occupational risks identified the participants. The sample consisted of 92 workers who operated cable yarders from both the public and the private sector. Our survey showed that 90% of public and 75% of private sector employees view their work as physically very demanding. Regarding risky behaviour, 50% of public, and 54% of private employees stated they risked only when the circumstances forced them to. However, more than 41% of public and 50% of private employees stated they suffered an occupational accident in the last ten years of working with this technology. Considering the workers worked in unstable climatic conditions, on unstable terrain, and the work environment presents other hazards, such as the loads, sharp tools and equipment, this result was not surprising.
The regioselective catalyst-free synthesis of bis-quinoxalines and bis-pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines by double condensation of 1,4-phenylene-bis-glyoxal with 1,2-diamines
Authors: Ahmadi Sabegh Mehdi , Khalafy Jabbar 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The oxidation of 1,4-diacetylbenzene using several oxidizing agents gave 1,4-phenylene-bis-glyoxal in 61–85% yields. A convenient and efficient synthesis of bis-quinoxaline and bis-pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine derivatives involves the double condensation of 1,2-diamines with 1,4-phenylene-bis-glyoxal in ethanol under reflux conditions. The structures of the new products were defined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and mass spectrometry (MS).
Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy – A New Approach in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Stoykov Boyan A. , Kolev Nikolay H. , P.Kotsev Rumen , Al-Shargabi Fahd , Genov Pencho P. , Vanov Aleksandar , Atanasov Jitian A. , Sachdeva Manish , Tonchev Pencho T. , Koleva Maria I. 
Published: July 2018

Summary
The experience accumulated with low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) from international clinical trials has demonstrated its safety, efficacy and good tolerance in treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effect of LI-ESWT in patients with ED after bilateral nerve sparing radical surgery for prostate cancer. Twenty-seven patients underwent bilateral nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy (BNSRRP) at the clinic of urology of the university hospital in Pleven between January 2016 and December 2016. Twenty-one of these patients had pre-operative preserved erectile function (EF), as reported according to the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Postoperatively, these 21 patients experienced a mild (18-21 points) impairment of EF. In 10 patients (group 1), LI-ESWT was performed. The procedure was performed once a week for 6 weeks with a LI-ESWT (BTL 6000 SWT Topline) instrument. The reading was obtained with IIEF-5 on the third and sixth month after the end of therapy. The other 11 patients (group 2) were used as a control group and did not receive treatment. In 5 patients in group 1, a recovery of EF (> 21 points) as per IIEF-5 was recorded at the third month after treatment. In two patients, the same score was recorded at the sixth month. No improvement was seen in three men in group 1. In the controls (group 2), a spontaneous EF improvement in four patients at sixth month was registered. Despite the small number of patients and their short-term follow-up, our initial results indicate that LI-ESWT is effective, safe and well-tolerated. It could be an alternative for early penis rehabilitation in patients who have undergone BNSRRP.