bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Children’s monitoring and control when learning from texts: effects of age and test format
Authors: Steiner Martina , van Loon Mariëtte H. , Bayard Natalie S. , Roebers Claudia M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study investigated elementary school children’s development of monitoring and control when learning from texts. Second (N = 138) and fourth (N = 164) graders were tested in the middle (T1) and end (T2) of the school year. The study focused on the cross-sectional and longitudinal development of monitoring and control, and aimed to investigate the development of metacognition for two test formats. After reading expository texts, children completed a comprehension test consisting of open-ended and true-false questions. They monitored their test performance by making confidence judgments, and controlled performance by deciding whether to maintain or withdraw their given answers. Overall, monitoring and control accuracy was higher for open-ended questions than for true-false questions. For open-ended questions, results indicated higher metacognitive accuracy for fourth graders than second graders. No such age effects were found for monitoring and control for true-false questions. Longitudinally, children of both age groups improved their monitoring and control accuracy from T1 to T2, for open-ended and true-false questions. For both test types, improvement mainly occurred for the monitoring and controlling of incorrect, rather than correct answers. Additionally, the results indicated inter-individual stability of performance, but no stability of monitoring and control accuracy over time. The findings indicate that developmental as well as task-related factors affect children’s metacognitive accuracy.
Verbal memory and hippocampal volume predict subsequent fornix microstructure in those at risk for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors:   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Yu Junhong , Lee Tatia M. C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
While strong cross-sectional evidence supported the use of fornix microstructure as a marker for detecting Alzheimer’s disease (AD), longitudinal data remains inconclusive on the sequential nature of fornix microstructure abnormalities and AD progression. An unequivocal longitudinal relationship between fornix microstructure and markers of AD progression –memory impairment and hippocampal atrophy, must be established to validate fornix microstructure as a marker of AD progression. We included 115 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative across the non-demented AD spectrum— defined as those who had at least one AD risk marker at baseline (e.g., mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD diagnosis, amyloid or ApoE4 positivity) and/or ‘cognitively normal individuals who converted to MCI due to AD or AD, with structural and diffusion tensor imaging scans at baseline and two years follow-up. Hippocampal volumes (HV), fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the fornix were extracted. Memory was indexed via composite scores of verbal memory tests. Structural equation models tested the bidirectional cross-lagged effects of fornix microstructure, memory, and HV. Impaired memory and smaller HV at baseline significantly predicted worse fornix microstructure (decreased FA and increased MD) two years later. Baseline fornix microstructure was not associated with subsequent changes in memory and HV. Fornix microstructure is compromised likely at a later stage, where significant decline in memory and hippocampal atrophy have occurred. This limits the utility of fornix microstructure in the early detection of AD. Our findings inform the possible pathophysiology and refined the use of AD neural markers.
Piezo1 mechanosensitive channels: what are they and why are they important
Authors: Ridone Pietro , Vassalli Massimo , Martinac Boris 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are integral membrane proteins which play a crucial role in fast signaling during mechanosensory transduction processes in living cells. They are ubiquitous and old in the evolutionary sense, given their presence in cells from all three kingdoms of life found on Earth, including bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic organisms. As molecular transducers of mechanical force, MS channels are activated by mechanical stimuli exerted on cellular membranes, upon which they rapidly and efficiently convert these stimuli into electrical, osmotic, and/or chemical intracellular signals. Most of what we know about the gating mechanisms of MS channels comes from the work carried out on bacterial channels. However, recent progress resulting from identification and structural information of eukaryotic K2P-type TREK and TRAAK as well as Piezo1 and Piezo2 MS channels has greatly contributed to our understanding of the common biophysical principles underlying the gating mechanism and evolutionary origins of these fascinating membrane proteins. Using Piezo1 channels as an example, we briefly describe in this review what we have learned about their biophysics, physiological functions, and potential roles in “mechanopathologies.”
The tetraspanin CD81 mediates the growth and metastases of human osteosarcoma
Authors: Mizoshiri Naoki , Shirai Toshiharu , Terauchi Ryu , Tsuchida Shinji , Mori Yuki , Hayashi Daichi , Kishida Tsunao , Arai Yuji , Mazda Osam , Nakanishi Tohru , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Purpose
CD81 is a member of the tetraspanin family of membrane proteins. Recently, it has been shown that CD81 may be involved in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. As yet, however, there have been few reports on the expression and role of CD81 in osteosarcoma.

Methods
The expression of CD81 was investigated in human osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19 and in human osteosarcoma cell lines Saos2, MG63 and 143B. The expression of CD81 was inhibited in osteosarcoma cells using siRNA after which cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed. We also used Western blotting to investigate the phosphorylation status of Akt, Erk, JNK and p38, and measured the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MT1-MMP. In addition, we used a CRISPR/Cas9 system to stably knock out CD81 expression in 143B cells, transplanted the cells into mice, and assessed tumor formation and lung metastasis in these mice compared to those in the control group.

Results
We found that CD81 was expressed in the human osteoblast cell line and in all osteosarcoma cell lines tested. The osteosarcoma cell line 143B exhibited a particularly high level of expression. In addition, we found that osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion were decreased after CD81 inhibition, and that the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk was suppressed. Also, the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MT1-MMP were found to be suppressed, with MMP-9 showing the greatest suppression. In vivo, we found that mice transplanted with CD81 knockout 143B cells exhibited significantly less tumor formation and lung metastasis than mice in the control group.

Conclusion
Based on our findings we conclude that inhibition of CD81 suppresses intracellular signaling and reduces tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in osteosarcoma cells.
Trajectory design for a solar-sail mission to asteroid 2016 HO3
Authors: Heiligers Jeannette , Fernandez Juan M. , Stohlman Olive R. , Wilkie W. Keats 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes the use of solar-sail technology currently under development at NASA Langley Research Center for a CubeSat rendezvous mission with asteroid 2016 HO3, a quasi-satellite of Earth. Time-optimal trajectories are sought for within a 2022–2023 launch window, starting from an assumed launcher ejection condition in the Earth-Moon system. The optimal control problem is solved through a particular implementation of a direct pseudo-spectral method for which initial guesses are generated through a relatively simple and straightforward genetic algorithm search on the optimal launch date and sail attitude. The results show that the trajectories take 2.16–4.21 years to complete, depending on the assumed solar-sail reflectance model and solar-sail technology. To assess the performance of solar-sail propulsion for this mission, the trajectory is also designed assuming the use of solar electric propulsion. The resulting fuel-optimal trajectories take longer to complete than the solar-sail trajectories and require a propellant consumption that exceeds the expected propellant capacity onboard the CubeSat. This comparison demonstrates the superior performance of solar-sail technology for this mission.
Sexual Function, Quality of Life, and Experiences of Women with Ovarian Cancer: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Fischer Olivia J. , Marguerie Monique , Brotto Lori A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Ovarian cancer impacts approximately 1 in 75 women. Sexual health is receiving increasing attention as a critical aspect of gynecologic cancer treatment and a component of quality of life. Therefore, investigating how women with ovarian cancer experience and express sexuality is an important area of inquiry.

Aims
To evaluate how women with ovarian cancer experience and express sexuality, a major determinant of quality of life, in the context of their illness.

Methods
In a mixed-methods approach, 6 validated self-report questionnaires (n = 64) and an in-depth focus group (n = 3) were used to gather data.

Results
The quantitative phase of the study showed that women with ovarian cancer have a poorer quality of life and higher rates of sexual dysfunction and sexual distress compared with published norms from the general population. They also have lower levels of relationship satisfaction and increased rates of depression. The qualitative phase of the study revealed 6 themes: (i) changes to relationship satisfaction; (ii) sexual difficulties; (iii) challenges with body image; (iv) gaps in communication with healthcare providers; (v) feelings of guilt, grief, resentment, anxiety, and fear; and (vi) strategies used for coping.

Conclusions
Ovarian cancer impacts women’s lives beyond mere survival, including their sexual function and quality of life. Healthcare providers are urged to prepare women with ovarian cancer for these challenges and offer information and resources to help improve their quality of life and sexuality.
Clustering suicides: A data-driven, exploratory machine learning
approach
Authors: Ludwig Birgit , König Daniel , Kapusta Nestor D. , Blüml Victor , Dorffner Georg , Vyssoki Benjamin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Methods of suicide have received considerable attention in suicide
research. The common approach to differentiate methods of suicide is the
classification into “violent” versus “non-violent” method. Interestingly,
since the proposition of this dichotomous differentiation, no further
efforts have been made to question the validity of such a classification of
suicides. This study aimed to challenge the traditional separation into
“violent” and “non-violent” suicides by generating a cluster analysis with a
data-driven, machine learning approach. In a retrospective analysis, data on
all officially confirmed suicides (N = 77,894) in Austria between 1970 and
2016 were assessed. Based on a defined distance metric between distributions
of suicides over age group and month of the year, a standard hierarchical
clustering method was performed with the five most frequent suicide methods.
In cluster analysis, poisoning emerged as distinct from all other methods –
both in the entire sample as well as in the male subsample. Violent suicides
could be further divided into sub-clusters: hanging, shooting, and drowning
on the one hand and jumping on the other hand. In the female sample, two
different clusters were revealed – hanging and drowning on the one hand and
jumping, poisoning, and shooting on the other. Our data-driven results in
this large epidemiological study confirmed the traditional dichotomization
of suicide methods into “violent” and “non-violent” methods, but on closer
inspection “violent methods” can be further divided into sub-clusters and a
different cluster pattern could be identified for women, requiring further
research to support these refined suicide phenotypes.
Reality-monitoring deficits and visual hallucinations in
schizophrenia
Authors: Mondino Marine , Dondé Clément , Lavallé Layla , Haesebaert Frédéric , Brunelin Jérôme 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The presence of visual hallucinations in addition to auditory
hallucinations (V + AH) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with
schizophrenia. However, little consideration has been given to these
symptoms and their underlying cognitive bases remain unclear. Based on
cognitive models of hallucinations, we hypothesized that V + AH are
underpinned by an impairment in reality-monitoring processes. The objective
of the present study was to test whether reality-monitoring deficits were
associated with V + AH in schizophrenia. This study examined
reality-monitoring abilities in two groups of patients with schizophrenia: a
group of patients with V + AH (n = 24) and a group of patients with AH only
(n = 22). Patients with V + AH were significantly more likely to misremember
imagined words as being perceived from an external source, compared to
patients with AH only (p = 0.008, d = -0.82). In other words, V + AH
patients display a larger externalization bias than patients with AH only.
One explanation for these results could be that experiencing hallucinations
in two sensory modalities may contribute to increased vividness of mental
imagery and, in turn, lead to disruption in reality-monitoring processes.
This study helps to refine our understanding of the cognitive processes
underlying the presence of both auditory and visual hallucinations in
patients with schizophrenia.
Birth dimensions, severe mental illness and risk of type 2 diabetes in a
cohort of Danish men born in 1953
Authors: Garriga Marina , Wium-Andersen Marie K , Wium-Andersen Ida K , Nordentoft Merete , Osler Merete 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background:
Birth dimensions have been associated with increased risk of both,
severe mental illness and type 2 diabetes in adulthood, however, any
influence on their co-occurrence has never been examined. This cohort
study examine whether birth weight/ponderal index explain or modify the
later association between severe mental illness and risk of type 2
diabetes.

Methods:
The Metropolit cohort included 10,863 Danish men born in 1953 with
information from age at conscription (between1971-84) until February
15th, 2018. Severe mental illness was defined
as the exposure and information was retrieved from the national Danish
health registries. Information on type 2 diabetes diagnosis or oral
antidiabetic prescriptions was also obtained, as they were the outcome
of interest. Information on birth weight/ponderal index was available
from birth certificates. Cox proportional hazards regression models were
used to estimate the associations and interactions were tested.

Results:
After 47.1 years of follow-up, 848 (7.8%) and 1320 (12.2%) men
developed a severe mental illness or diabetes, respectively. Men with
severe mental illness presented higher risk of subsequent diabetes (HR =
1.92; 95%CI, 1.61–2.30). This association was stronger in severe mental
ill men with low birth weight (HR = 3.58; 95%CI, 2.11–6.07), than in
those normal birth weight (HR = 1.79; 95%CI, 1.45–2.20). This effect
modification was most evident for men diagnosed with
schizophrenia.

Conclusions:
Birth information on birth weight/ponderal index could be of
interest in diabetes screening on severe mental ill populations
(especially in schizophrenia) since they might play a critical role in
the increased risk of type 2 diabetes following severe mental
illness.
Genetic resilience to Alzheimer's disease in APOE ε4 homozygotes: A systematic review
Authors: Huq Aamira J. , Fransquet Peter , Laws Simon M. , Ryan Joanne , Sebra Robert , Masters Colin L. , Winship Ingrid M. , James Paul A. , Lacaze Paul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals with homozygosity for the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele are in the highest risk category for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). However, some individuals in this category do not develop LOAD beyond the age of 75 years, despite being at elevated genetic risk. These “resilient” individuals may carry protective genetic factors.MethodsThis study aimed to systematically review any previous studies that involved resilient APOE ε4 homozygotes and to identify possible modifying or protective genetic factors.ResultsFifteen studies met our inclusion criteria and reported genetic factors contributing to reduced risk. We found that only two single nucleotide polymorphisms, CASP7 rs10553596 and SERPINA3 rs4934‐A/A, had strong evidence.DiscussionWe found a paucity of studies adequately designed to discover protective genetic factors against LOAD. Many studies combined APOE ε4 homozygotes and heterozygotes together because of small sample sizes and used control populations too young to be clearly defined as controls for LOAD.
A harmonized longitudinal biomarkers and cognition database for assessing the natural history of preclinical Alzheimer's disease from young adulthood and for designing prevention trials
Authors: Xiong Chengjie , Luo Jingqin , Agboola Folasade , Li Yan , Albert Marilyn , Johnson Sterling C. , Koscik Rebecca L. , Masters Colin L. , Soldan Anja , Villemagne Victor L. , Li Qiao‐Xin , McDade Eric M. , Fagan Anne M. , Massoumzadeh Parinaz , Benzinger Tammie , Hassenstab Jason , Bateman Randall J. , Morris John C. ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionLarge longitudinal biomarkers database focusing on middle age is needed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention.MethodsData for cerebrospinal fluid analytes, molecular imaging of cerebral fibrillar β‐amyloid with positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging–based brain structures, and clinical/cognitive outcomes were harmonized across eight AD biomarker studies. Statistical power was estimated.ResultsThe harmonized database included 7779 participants with clinical/cognitive data: 3542 were 18∼65 years at the baseline, 5865 had longitudinal cognitive data for a median of 4.7 years, 2473 participated in the cerebrospinal fluid studies (906 had longitudinal data), 2496 participated in the magnetic resonance imaging studies (1283 had longitudinal data), and 1498 participated in the positron emission tomography amyloid studies (849 had longitudinal data). The database provides adequate power for detecting early biomarker changes, and demonstrates the feasibility of AD prevention trials on middle‐aged individuals.DiscussionThe harmonized database is an optimum resource to design AD prevention trials decades before symptomatic onset.
Rectal cancer and chemoradiation in Iraq: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alshewered Ahmed Salih , Al-Naqqash Manwar abdulelah 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of gastrointestinal tract. Combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy has a sound effect on its management.
Objectives Assessment the patterns of characterizations of rectal cancer. Evaluation of the efficacy, and long-term survival of pre-/ postoperative chemoradiation. Collecting all eligible evidence articles and summarize the results.
Methods By this systematic review and meta-analysis study, we include data of chemoradiation of rectal cancer articles from 2015 until 2019. The research was carried out at Baghdad Medical City oncology centers. Accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale used.
Results Starting with gender distribution as M:F ratio of 0.94:1.06. Regarding the age, recorded mean ± SD of 48.7 ± 14.2 years. Rectosigmoid represented the most common site as 50(49.5%), and adenocarcinoma was common histopathology as 76(75.2%) of patients, with localized stage in 50(49.5%). The moderate differentiation was most grade as 65(64.4%). The distant from anal verge mostly seen was 5–10 cm in 59(58.4%). The pulmonary was commonest site of metastasis in 11(10.9%). Most patients undergo APR operation, which has done in 41(40.6%). Adjuvant chemoradiation received by 40(39.6%) patients, whereas neoadjuvant chemoradiation gave to 25 patients. A total of 2609 articles from 12 databases met our search strategies. The highest Newcastle–Ottawa score (8) demonstrated in three studies, and median score (7) calculated in five studies.
Conclusions The incidence belonged to 5th and 6th decade of life. Rectosigmoid represented the most common site. Mostly, the 5–10 cm distant of tumor from anal verge was common finding. The pulmonary was most site of metastasis. We concluded the formulation of a novel point that survival benefit found in many pre or postoperative chemoradiation trials in rectal cancer.
An Assessment of the Tea Bag Index Method as a Proxy for Organic Matter Decomposition in Intertidal Environments
Authors: Marley AnnaClaire R.G. , Smeaton Craig , Austin William E.N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntertidal wetlands capture and store carbon (C) for long periods of time, helping to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Yet the processes, which govern the decomposition and subsequent long‐term storage of organic matter (OM) and C in these habitats, remain poorly understood. The Tea Bag Index (TBI) uses a standardized OM (green and Rooibos tea) and has the potential to shed light on OM decomposition across habitats, including saltmarshes. Here, we apply the TBI method at two saltmarshes within the same estuary with the aim of (i) reducing the influence of climatic variables and (ii) determining the role of the environment, including the soil characteristics, in the decomposition of OM. We extended the standard (3 months) incubation period over a full year in order to investigate the longer‐term decomposition processes at each site. The initial results partially support previous studies that the early stages of decomposition (leaching of the water‐soluble fraction) is governed by climatic conditions, but may be further enhanced by tidal flushing in saltmarshes. By extending the incubation period, we observed the initiation of midstage OM decomposition (cellulose degradation) upon which the soil characteristics appear to be the dominant control. These results highlight the importance of long‐term TBI incubations to understand early‐stage OM decomposition. The relationship between tea mass (OM) loss and C loss in these intertidal environments is not straightforward, and we would caution the use of the TBI as a direct universal proxy for soil C degradation in such intertidal wetlands.
Ocean Heat Transport Into the Barents Sea: Distinct Controls on the Upward Trend and Interannual Variability
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wang Xuezhu , Wekerle Claudia , Danilov Sergey , Jung Thomas , Koldunov Nikolay , Lind Sigrid , Sein Dmitry , Shu Qi , Sidorenko Dmitry 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOcean heat transport through the Barents Sea Opening (BSO) has strong impacts on the Barents Sea ice extent and the climate. In this paper we quantified the contributions from different atmospheric forcing components to the trend and interannual variability of the BSO heat transport. Ocean‐ice model simulations were conducted in which the interannual variation of atmospheric forcing was maintained only in or outside the Arctic in two different simulations. The sum of their BSO heat transport anomalies reasonably replicated the trend and variability from a hindcast simulation. The upward trend of the BSO heat transport mainly stems from the increasing ocean temperature in the subpolar North Atlantic. For the interannual variability, the local wind and upstream forcing are similarly important. The location of the Atlantic Water boundary current in the Nordic Seas, influenced by the cyclonic atmospheric circulation, is crucial in determining part of the BSO inflow variability.