bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete genome sequences of Streptomyces spp. isolated from disease-suppressive soils
Authors: Heinsch Stephen C , Hsu Suzie , Otto-Hanson Lindsey , Kinkel Linda , Smanski Michael 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Bacteria within the genus Streptomyces remain a major source of new natural product discovery and as soil inoculants in agriculture where they promote plant growth and protect from disease. Recently, Streptomyces spp. have been implicated as important members of naturally disease-suppressive soils. To shine more light on the ecology and evolution of disease-suppressive microbial communities, we have sequenced the genome of three Streptomyces strains isolated from disease-suppressive soils and compared them to previously sequenced isolates. Strains selected for sequencing had previously showed strong phenotypes in competition or signaling assays.

Results

Here we present the de novo sequencing of three strains of the genus Streptomyces isolated from disease-suppressive soils to produce high-quality complete genomes. Streptomyces sp. GS93-23, Streptomyces sp. 3211-3, and Streptomyces sp. S3-4 were found to have linear chromosomes of 8.24 Mb, 8.23 Mb, and greater than 7.5 Mb, respectively. In addition, two of the strains were found to have large, linear plasmids. Each strain harbors between 26 and 38 natural product biosynthetic gene clusters, on par with previously sequenced Streptomyces spp.. We compared these newly-sequenced genomes with those of previously sequenced organisms. We see substantial natural product biosynthetic diversity between closely related strains, with the gain/loss of episomal DNA elements being a primary driver of genome evolution.

Conclusions

Long read sequencing data facilitates large contig assembly for high-GC Streptomyces genomes. While the sample number is too small for a definitive conclusion, we do not see evidence that disease suppressive soil isolates are particularly privileged in terms of numbers of BGCs. The strong sequence similarity between GS93-23 and previously isolated Streptomyces lydicus suggests that species recruitment may contribute to the evolution of disease-suppressive microbial communities.
Delayed gastric emptying after pancreatoduodenectomy: comparison between two different pancreatic reconstruction techniques
Authors: Hayama Satoshi , Senmaru N , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

The association between delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and pancreatic reconstruction technique remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the occurrence of DGE differs between pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) and pancreaticogastrostomy (PG).

Methods

A total of 83 patients who underwent subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy was retrospectively analyzed, and the factors associated with clinically relevant DGE were explored. These patients were divided into a PG group and a PJ group according to the pancreatic reconstruction. DGE occurrence and its association with intra-abdominal complications was compared between the two types of pancreatic reconstruction.

Results

The overall incidence of DGE was 27.7%. Intra-abdominal complications including pancreatic fistula were strongly associated with DGE. As to the pancreatic reconstruction, DGE developed more frequently in the PG than in the PJ. In addition, DGE with intra-abdominal complications tended to be more frequent in PG, despite the fact that intra-abdominal complications occurred at a similar frequency in both groups.

Conclusions

Intra-abdominal complications were strongly associated with DGE. As to the pancreatic reconstruction, DGE developed more frequently in the PG than in the PJ. We speculate that intra-abdominal complications affected patients with PG more and resulted in frequent occurrence of DGE.
Comparison of intraocular pressure measured by ocular response analyzer and Goldmann applanation tonometer after corneal refractive surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Hui , Sun Zhengtao , Li Lin , Sun Ran , Zhang Haixia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Accurate measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) after corneal refractive surgery is of great significance to clinic, and comparisons among various IOP measuring instruments are not rare, but there is a lack of unified analysis. GAT is currently the internationally recognized gold standard for IOP measurement, while ORA is said to take into account the biomechanical properties of cornea. In this study, we conducted this meta-analysis to systematically assess the differences and similarities of IOP values measured by ORA and GAT in patients after corneal refractive surgery from the perspective of evidence-based medicine.
Methods: The authors searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane library and Chinese electronic databases of CNKI and Wanfang) from Jan 2005 to Jan 2019, studies describing IOP comparisons measured by GAT and ORA after corneal refractive surgery were included. Quality assessment, subgroup analysis, meta-regression analysis and publication bias analysis were applied in succession.
Results: Among the 273 literatures initially retrieved, 8 literatures (13 groups of data) with a total of 724 eyes were included in the meta-analysis, and all of which were English literatures. In the pooled analysis, the weighted mean difference (WMD) between IOPcc and IOPGAT was 2.67 mmHg (95% CI: 2.20~3.14 mmHg, p < 0.0001), the WMD between IOPg and IOPGAT was -0.27 mmHg (95% CI: -0.70~0.16 mmHg, p = 0.2174). In the subgroup analysis of postoperative IOPcc and IOPGAT, the heterogeneity among the data on surgical procedure was zero, while the heterogeneity of other subgroups was still more than 50%. The comparison of mean-∆IOP is: mean-∆IOPg > mean-∆IOPGAT > mean-∆IOPcc.
Conclusions: IOPcc may be more close to the true IOP after corneal refractive surgery compared with IOPg and IOPGAT, and the recovery of IOPcc after corneal surface refractive surgery may be more stable than that after lamellar refractive surgery.
Keywords: corneal refractive surgery; intraocular pressure; ocular response analyzer; Goldmann applanation tonometer; meta-analysis;
Extensive immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in Fingolimod-associated PML: a case report with 7 Tesla MRI data
Authors: Sinnecker Tim , Hadisurya Jeffrie , Schneider-Hohendorf Tilman , Schwab Nicholas , Wrede Karsten , Gembruch Oliver , Gold Ralf , Hellwig Kerstin , Pilgram-Pastor Sara , Adams Ortwin , Albrecht Philipp , Hartung Hans-Peter , Aktas Orhan , Kraemer Markus 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare complication of patients treated with fingolimod.

Case presentation

Routine MRI eventually led to diagnosis of asymptomatic early PML that remained stable after discontinuation of fingolimod. As blood lymphocyte counts normalized, signs of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and renewed MS activity developed. Both, advanced laboratory and ultrahigh field MRI findings elucidated differences between PML and MS.

Conclusions

In our case, early discontinuation of fingolimod yielded a good outcome, lymphocyte counts reflected immune system activity, and paraclinical findings helped to differentiate between PML-IRIS and MS.
Are We in Agreement? Benchmarking and Reliability Issues between Social Network Analytic Programs
Authors: Murphy Philip J. , Cuenco Karen T. , Wang YuFei 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Reliability and validity are key concerns for any researcher. We investigate these concerns as they apply to social network analysis programs. Six well-used and trusted programs were compared on four common centrality measures (degree, betweenness, closeness, and eigenvector) under a variety of network topographies. We identify notable inconsistencies between programs that may not be apparent to the average user of these programs. Specifically, each program may have implemented a variant of a given measure without informing the user of its characteristics. This presents an unnecessary obfuscation for analysts seeking measures that are best suited to the idiosyncrasies of their data, and for those comparing results between programs.
Under such a paradigm, the terms in use within the social network analysis community become less precise over time and diverge from the original strength of network analysis: clarity.
Strategic and Genetic Networking: Relational Endowment in a Local Cultural Offer
Authors: Gallelli Andrea 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The local theatrical offer is the result of all the theatre companies which perform shows in each other’s venues. Theatre hospitality is an inherently relational phenomenon, and besides big national and international tours, it is an important part of the local cultural landscape. Aiming at contributing to the literature on network analysis applied to the inquiry on culture, the research adopts the network perspective to test hypotheses on companies’ relational behaviors and mechanisms of network formation in a local context in Italy. The analyses show that companies which get more public funding tend to host more; there is a homophily effect based on audience levels; companies tend to reciprocate hospitality relations and form clusters of close collaborations.
Assessment of Relative Potencies of Nitrogen Sources on Seedling Root Systems
Authors: Madsen Isaac J. , Pan William L. 
Published: June 2019

Banding of N fertilizers below the seed is a common practice in direct seeded wheat dominated dryland agricultural systems, yet the placement of fertilizer below the seed has been shown to decrease yields and damage the root system architecture (RSA) in canola (Brassica napus). However, there is a lack of understanding as to which rates and sources of fertilizers might be safe for seedling root systems. The goal of this study was to compare the effect of three different N sources over a gradient of application rates on canola RSA. The effect of the fertilizer band on RSA has previously been imaged using rhizobox methods. However, the research presented here describes a novel technique for comparing sources and rates simultaneously while using the existing imaging technology. Canola seedlings were exposed to increasing rates of urea, ammonium sulfate (AS), and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) from 0 mg N cm–1 to 40 mg N cm–1 placed 50 mm below the seed row. Canola showed significant changes in RSA as a result of the increasing ammoniacal‐N fertilizer rate. Dose response curves were developed for urea, AS, and UAN, and median lethal doses (LD50s) for tap roots were estimated at 4.7, 9.7, and 20.6 mg N cm–1, respectively. Comparisons between multiple measurements of the dose response curves revealed a consistent ranking of relative potencies among urea, AS, UAN (most to least toxic).Core Ideas

New assay method for determining the relative potencies and safety ranges of different fertilizer sources as relates to roots system damage.
Banded urea, ammonium sulfate, and urea ammonium nitrate N fertilizer sources all damage canola seedling root systems, but at differing rates.
Dose response analysis was utilized to rank the relative potencies of ammoniacal‐N fertilizers from most toxic (urea) to least toxic (urea ammonium nitrate).
The Evolution of Southeast Asian Regionalism: Security, Economic Development and Foreign Power Support for Regional Initiatives, 1947-77
Authors: Thompson Sue 
Published: June 2019

Policy objectives for Southeast Asian regionalism had been evolving since the end of the Second World War. Economic development viewed as essential for establishing peace and stability in Southeast Asia and the links between development and security were evident in the elaboration of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Also evident was the second-line support provided by external powers. While ASEAN was a regional initiative that came out of the Bangkok talks to end Confrontation, Western governments had been formulating regional cooperation policies in Southeast Asia decades prior. Economic development viewed as essential for containing communist influence and preventing internal insurgencies in the region. Growth and prosperity would come through regional development programs with external support. This would then expand to some form of collective security led by the Southeast Asian nations themselves. Regionalism viewed as one way of providing economic assistance to newly independent nations without the appearance of foreign interference in regional affairs. Therefore, the evolution of Southeast Asian regionalism was a combined effort of foreign power support for Asian initiatives throughout the economic development with the aim to provide security during the political transformation of the region from the post-war period into the early years of ASEAN and the aftermath of the war in Vietnam.
Elazığ İlinde Arpalarda Görülen Yaprak Hastalıkları
Authors: SARAÇ İşıl , KARAKAYA Aziz , ÇELİK OĞUZ Arzu 
Published: June 2019

2018 yılının Mayıs ve Haziran aylarında Elazığ ilinin
merkez ilçe, Karakoçan, Palu, Arıcak, Kovancılar, Keban, Ağın, Baskil, Sivrice
ve Maden ilçelerinin arpa yetiştirilen alanlarında sürveyler yapılmış ve arpa
bitkilerinde görülen yaprak hastalıkları belirlenmiştir. Arpa bitkilerinde Drechslera teres f. maculata ve Drechslera teres f. teres tarafından oluşturulan arpa ağbenek hastalığının nokta ve
ağ formları, Rhynchosporium secalis
tarafından oluşturulan arpa yaprak lekesi hastalığı, Erysiphe graminis f. sp.
hordei tarafından oluşturulan külleme hastalığı, Puccinia hordei tarafından oluşturulan kahverengi pas (yaprak pası)
hastalığı ve Drechslera graminea tarafından
oluşturulan arpa çizgili yaprak lekesi hastalığı tespit edilmiştir. Elazığ
ilinde incelenen 42 arpa tarlasının 23’ünde
Drechslera teres f. maculata, 21’inde
Drechslera teres f. teres, 19’unda Rhynchosporium secalis, 9’unda
Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei, 15’
inde Puccinia hordei, 11’inde ise Drechslera graminea etmenleri tarafından
meydana getirilen hastalıklar görülmüştür.
Arpa ağbenek hastalığının nokta formu (Drechslera teres f. maculata) Keban ve Maden ilçeleri dışında incelenen bütün
ilçelerde görülmüştür. Arpa ağbenek hastalığının ağ formu (Drechslera teres f. teres)
Arıcak, Sivrice ve Maden ilçeleri dışında kalan diğer ilçelerde görülmüştür. Rhynchosporium secalis tarafından
oluşturulan arpa yaprak lekesi hastalığı Ağın, Baskil ve Sivrice ilçeleri
dışında kalan bütün ilçelerde görülmüştür. Erysiphe
graminis f. sp. hordei tarafından
meydana getirilen külleme hastalığı Palu, Arıcak ve Sivrice ilçeleri dışındaki
ilçelerde görülmüştür. Puccinia hordei tarafından oluşturulan
arpa kahverengi pası hastalığı Arıcak, Sivrice, Ağın ve Maden ilçeleri
dışındaki ilçelerde görülmüştür. Drechslera graminea tarafından
oluşturulan arpa çizgili yaprak lekesi hastalığı Arıcak, Keban, Ağın, Sivrice
ve Maden ilçeleri dışındaki ilçelerde görülmüştür. Drechslera teres f. maculata tarafından
oluşturulan arpa ağbenek hastalığının nokta formu ve Drechslera teres f. teres tarafından
oluşturulan arpa ağbenek hastalığının ağ formu en fazla tarlada görülen
hastalıklar olurken bunları
Rhynchosporium secalis tarafından oluşturulan arpa yaprak lekesi hastalığı
takip etmiştir. Hastalık görülen tarlalarda hastalıklı bitkilerin görülme
yüzdeleri Drechslera teres f. maculata ve Rhynchosporium secalis için 1-20 arasında, Drechslera teres f. teres için
1-25 arasında, Erysiphe graminis f.
sp. hordei ve Drechslera graminea için 1-30 arasında, Puccinia hordei için ise 1-45 arasında değişmiştir. Hastalık
şiddeti R. secalis tarafından
oluşturulan arpa yaprak lekesi için 3-7 arasında değişirken diğer hastalıklar
için 3-5 arasında değişmiştir. Bu hastalıklara karşı mücadele metotları
geliştirilmelidir.
Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90 as a Novel Platform for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Gao Chang , Peng Ya-Nan , Wang Hai-Zhou , Fang Shi-Lin , Zhang Meng , Zhao Qiu , Liu Jing 
Published: June 2019

:Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) plays an essential role in various physiological and pathological processes. It activates client proteins to participate in tumor progression. Blocking Hsp90 could enable effective antitumor effects in many tumor types, such as multiple myeloma and colon cancer. Recently, it has motivated an interest in Hsp90 inhibitors that bind to the N-terminal or C-terminal ATP pocket as antitumor drugs. We reviewed the data from experimental and clinical trials on Hsp90 inhibitors in the treatment of different malignancies to explore and summarize their antitumor mechanisms.
Innovative Solutions for the Control of Leishmaniases: Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Wagner Victoria , Minguez-Menendez Aida , Pena Joan , Fernández-Prada Christopher 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Leishmania are sandfly-transmitted protozoan parasites that harbour within the macrophages
of a mammalian host and cause leishmaniasis, a serious zoonotic disease that threatens the lives of millions
worldwide. Its numerous forms (cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral) are currently treated with a sparse
arsenal of drugs, specifically antimonials, amphotericin B, miltefosine, and paromomycin, for which drug resistance
and clinical failure are rampant. Medicine is presently trending towards nanotechnology to aid in the successful
delivery of drugs. Vehicles such as lipid-based nanocarriers, polymer-based nanoparticles, and metal ions
and oxides have been previously demonstrated to improve bioavailability of drugs and decrease toxicity for the
patient. These cutting-edge solutions can be combined with existing active molecules, as well as novel drugs or
plant extracts with promising antileishmanial activity.

Conclusion:
This review explores the current evidence for the treatment of leishmaniases using nanoscale drug
delivery systems (specifically lipid-, polymer- and metal-based systems) and encourages further development of
the aforementioned nanotechnologies for treatment of Leishmania.
New Insight into the Mechanisms of Ginkgo Biloba Extract in Vascular Aging Prevention
Authors: Li Xiaoxue , Lu Liuyi , Chen Jie , Zhang Chao , Chen Hong , Huang Hui 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Aging-associated vascular dysfunction promotes cardiovascular diseases.
Recently, Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has attracted considerable attention in the prevention of aged
vasculature.

Methods:
This review discusses the pathophysiological alterations in aged vasculature and the underlying
mechanisms of GBE in vascular aging suppression.

Results:
Both arterial stiffening and endothelial dysfunction are critical aging-related vascular phenotypes
that result in the progression of cardiovascular diseases in the general population. Consistent oxidative
stress and inflammatory reaction lead to vascular dysfunction. GBE ameliorates aging-related
vascular dysfunction, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The main effects of GBE
in aged vasculature might be associated with the longevity signaling pathways. GBE also attenuates the
progression of vascular aging in diabetes mellitus via regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.

Conclusion:
GBE plays an important role in the prevention of vascular aging process. It is a promising
therapeutic approach to ameliorate aging-related vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases.
Ferulic Acid: A Promising Therapeutic Phytochemical and Recent Patents Advances
Authors: Chaudhary Ashun , Jaswal Vivek S. , Choudhary Sonika , Sonika  , Sharma Ajay , Beniwal Vikas , Tuli Hardeep S. , Sharma Sanjeev 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Among the various phenolics metabolites, ferulic acid is considered as the
promising mitigating, restorative and antioxidant agent. Ferulic acid is one of the most commonly
found natural products in vegetables, for example, tomatoes, sweet corn, and in rice grain. Phytochemicals
are utilized in the treatment of human ailments and these are derived from the dietary compounds.

Objective:
The present review widely argued the calming restorative capability of ferulic acid alongside
the scientific evidences and its proposed mechanism for activity. Furthermore, we provided the main
practical points for the use of ferulic acid in oxidative damages during various diseases. Additionally,
the relevant patents on ferulic acid with various therapeutic potential has been discussed.

Methods:
One hundred and twenty references have been cited in the present review article. The cited
references were found to be suitable and described the therapeutic application of ferulic acid thoroughly.

Conclusion:
Ferulic acids are known to contrarily down-manage an assortment of extracellular and
intrcelullular molecular targets related to infection movement. Various patents on ferulic acid based
moieties have been accounted for from 2018. The ferulic acids have a wide scope of impacts against
different infections like malignant growth, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
The current review deals with the antioxidant property of ferulic acid and the recent patent describes
the role of ferulic acid against human diseases.
Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus With Glycated Haemoglobin in Newly Diagnosed HIV-positive Patients in Buffalo City Municipality, South Africa: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sogbanmu Olufunso O. , Obi Larry O. , Goon Daniel T. , Okoh Anthony , Iweriebor Benson , Nwodo Uchechukwu. U. , Ajayi Anthony I. , Digban Tennison O. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The HbA1c estimates long-term glycaemic control in individuals. However, scanty data exist on the determination of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in newly diagnosed HIV patients using the HbA1c screening tool in the South African context. Thus, this study examines the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients in Buffalo City Municipality, East London, South Africa.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional study of 335 newly HIV-diagnosed patients between August 2016 and July 2017. Demographic (age, gender, residence, employment status and level of education) and behavioural variables (smoking and alcohol use (past 30 days)) were by self-reporting. Information on HbA1c and other clinical variables were obtained from the medical records of the patients. Diabetes mellitus was defined based on the Society for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa (SEMDSA) 2017 guideline of HbA1c of above 6.5%. Weight and height were measured using standard protocols. Logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the predictors of abnormal glycated haemoglobin.

Results:
Majority of the participants were female (72%). The prevalence of patients with HbA1c greater than 6.5% was 6%. The multivariate analysis indicates only age (p=0.031) and race (0.019) significantly shows a correlation to increase the risk of development of DM in newly diagnosed HIV positive patients. The binary logistic regression analysis shows that age (above 46 years) (p=0.001; AOR (6.60); CI (2.08-20.9) was directly related to the development of DM.

Conclusion:
Consistent with other studies, the exclusive non-fasting HbA1c, which is a marker of glycaemic control, only underestimate glycemia in HIV patients with diabetes in this present study. Notwithstanding, HIV patients who are over 40 years are likely to develop DM. As such, screening older individuals diagnosed with HIV is crucial in offering a timely point of care and interventions.