bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence‐based approaches to the application of precautionary allergen labelling: Report from two iFAAM workshops
Authors: DunnGalvin Audrey , Roberts Graham , Schnadt Sabine , Astley Siân , Austin Moira , Blom W. Marty , Baumert Joseph , Chan Chun‐Han , Crevel René W.R. , Grimshaw Kate E.C. , Kruizinga Astrid G. , Regent Lynne , Taylor Stephen , Walker Michael , Mills E. N. Clare 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFood allergy is a major public health concern with avoidance of the trigger food(s) being central to management by the patient. Food information legislation mandates the declaration of allergenic ingredients; however, the labelling of the unintentional presence of allergens is less defined. Precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) was introduced by the food industry to help manage and communicate the risk of reaction from the unintended presence of allergens in foods. In its current form, PAL is counterproductive for consumers with food allergies as there is no standardized approach to applying PAL. Foods with a PAL often do not contain the identified food allergen while some products without a PAL contain quantities of common food allergens that are capable of inducing an allergic reaction. Integrated Approaches to Food Allergen and Allergy Risk Management (iFAAM) was an EU‐funded project that aimed to improve the management of food allergens by the food industry for the benefit of people with food allergies. Within iFAAM, a clinically validated tiered risk assessment approach for food allergens was developed. Two cross‐stakeholder iFAAM workshops were held on 13‐14 December 2016 and 19‐20 April 2018. One of the objectives of these workshops was to develop a proposal to make PAL effective for consumers. This paper describes the outcomes from these workshops. This provides the basis for the development of more informative and transparent labelling that will ultimately improve management and well‐being in consumers with food allergy.
Interleukin‐1 and histamine are essential for inducing nickel allergy in mice
Authors: Bando Kanan , Kuroishi Toshinobu , Sugawara Shunji , Endo Yasuo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported that (a) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent adjuvant for inducing Nickel (Ni) allergy in mice at both the sensitization and elicitation steps, (b) LPS induces Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and histidine decarboxylase (HDC, the histamine‐forming enzyme), and IL‐1 induces HDC, (c) Ni allergy is induced in mast cell–deficient, but not IL‐1–deficient (IL‐1‐KO) or HDC‐KO mice.ObjectiveTo examine the roles of IL‐1 and HDC (or histamine) and their interrelationship during the establishment of Ni allergy.MethodsNi (NiCl2) 1 mmol/L containing IL‐1β and/or histamine was injected intraperitoneally (sensitization step). Ten days later, test substance(s) were intradermally injected into ear pinnas (elicitation step), and ear swelling was measured.ResultsIn wild‐type mice, Ni + LPS or Ni + IL‐1β injection at sensitization step followed by Ni alone at elicitation step induced Ni allergy. In IL‐1‐KO, injection of Ni + IL‐1β (but not Ni + histamine) was required at both sensitization and elicitation steps to induce Ni allergy. In HDC‐KO, Ni + IL‐1β + histamine at sensitization step followed by Ni + histamine at elicitation step induced Ni allergy. In histamine H1 receptor–deficient mice, IL‐1β induced HDC, but was ineffective as an adjuvant for inducing Ni allergy. In wild‐type mice, injection into ear pinnas of Ni 10 mmol/L alone or Ni 1 mmol/L + LPS induced IL‐1β, HDC and a prolonged swelling of ear pinnas. In non‐sensitized mice, injection of IL‐1β by itself into ear pinnas in IL‐1‐KO mice induced prolonged ear swelling. Ni augmented IL‐1 production (both IL‐1α and IL‐1β) and HDC induction in wild‐type mice sensitized to Ni.ConclusionsIn mice: (a) for inducing Ni allergy, IL‐1 is essential at both the sensitization and elicitation steps, and HDC induction is involved in the effect of IL‐1, (b) stimulation of H1 receptor is also essential for inducing Ni allergy at both sensitization and elicitation steps, and (c) the ‘sensitization to Ni’ state may be a state where tissues are primed for augmented production of IL‐1α and/or IL‐1β in response to Ni. (within 300 words, now 300).
Iodine deficiency among pregnant women living in Northern Ireland
Authors: McMullan Paul , Hamill Lesley , Doolan Katy , Hunter Alyson , McCance David , Patterson Chris , Smyth Peter , Woodside Jayne V. , Mullan Karen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveMild iodine deficiency has re‐emerged among school girls in the UK. We wished to study a contemporaneous pregnant population because a relationship between maternal iodine deficiency and offspring cognitive scores has recently been reported. The WHO has set a median population urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of ≥100 and ≥150 µg/L to define adequacy outside of and during pregnancy, respectively. Iodine creatinine ratio (ICR) is also used to correct for dilution effects (sufficiency ≥150 µg/g creatinine in pregnancy).Design and methodsA total of 241 women were followed across trimesters (T) into the postpartum period (PPP) along with 80 offspring with spot urine sampling and food frequency questionnaires.ResultsMedian UIC was 73 µg/L in the 1st T (ICR 102 µg/g creatinine) despite 55% taking iodine‐containing supplements. Median UICs were 94, 117 and 90 µg/L in the 2nd T, 3rd T and PPP, respectively. Corresponding ICRs were 120, 126 and 60 µg/g creatinine. ICR was associated with volume of milk consumed throughout pregnancy. Median UIC among the offspring was 148 µg/L, with no difference between the breast‐ and formula‐fed babies.ConclusionsPregnant women living in Northern Ireland may be at risk of iodine deficiency across pregnancy and into the PPP while the offspring are iodine sufficient. This is the first study of its kind in the UK with data for pregnant women and their offspring. The UK does not provide an iodine fortification programme nor offer routine iodine dietary advice in pregnancy and this requires consideration by public health agencies.
Visual outcome and surgical results in children with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Rezar‐Dreindl Sandra , Stifter Eva , Neumayer Thomas , Papp Andrea , Gschliesser Andreas , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImportanceTo determine visual and surgical results in children with Marfan syndrome.BackgroundMarfan syndrome involves ocular complications which can lead to visual disturbance and amblyopia. Data about the visual and surgical results in children with Marfan syndrome is vital for the clinical management of these patients.DesignRetrospective data analysis.ParticipantsEighty‐two eyes of 41 patients with a genetically proved diagnosis of Marfan syndrome.MethodsMedical records of patients with Marfan syndrome were reviewed between 2007 and 2017. Ocular complications, visual acuity (VA) of patients with/without lensectomy and surgical method were evaluated.Main Outcome MeasuresVA outcomes of patients with Marfan syndrome with/without surgical repair of ectopia lentis.ResultsIn 27 (66%) of the 41 patients a bilateral subluxation of the lens was visible and 14 (52%) patients received lensectomy. The mean age at initial presentation was 12.3 ± 9 years and mean follow‐up was 3 years (range 1‐7). VA varied from 1.2 to −0.1 logMAR at first examination. At initial presentation, mean VA was 0.1 ± 0.7 logMAR in patients with a normal lens status (n = 14) and 0.3 ± 0.5 logMAR in patients with subluxation of the lens (n = 27) (P < .01). VA improved from 0.2 ± 0.5 logMAR to 0.1 ± 0.5 logMAR (P = .06) in children with subluxation of the lens who did not need a lensectomy (n = 12) and from 0.5 ± 0.5 logMAR to 0.2 ± 0.5 logMAR (P = .02) in patients who were referred to lensectomy with/without secondary lens implantation.Conclusions and RelevanceIn Marfan syndrome subluxation of the lens was found in the majority of children. Improvement of VA resulted in children with subluxation of the lens and following lensectomy.
Preoperative plasma fibrinogen as a predictive factor for post‐tonsillectomy haemorrhage
Authors: Grasl Stefan , Janik Stefan , Vyskocil Erich , Kadletz Lorenz , Grasl Matthaeus C. , Erovic Boban M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess whether preoperative plasma fibrinogen is able to predict severe post‐tonsillectomy haemorrhage.Study designRetrospective chart review.MethodsWe included 456 patients who underwent tonsillectomy between 2008 and 2013. Preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels (PFL) were assessed in patients who developed severe bleeding requiring surgical revision under general anesthesia compared to those with uneventful postoperative courses.Results414 (90.8%) had no severe post‐tonsillectomy haemorrhage. In contrast, 42 (9.2%) patients needed surgical hemostasis. PFL were significantly higher (P = .023) in patients with a severe bleeding. Univariate Cox‐regression analysis revealed that elevated preoperative fibrinogen represents a significant worse (P = .003; HR 2.66; 95% CI 1.38‐5.10) prognostic factor for postoperative bleeding. Even at multivariable analysis, increased PFLs were a significantly worse prognostic factor for post‐tonsillectomy haemorrhage (P = .016; HR 15.4; 95% CI 0.01‐0.6). High preoperative PFL was associated with significantly higher risk for post‐tonsillectomy haemorrhage within the first 31 days after surgery (65% vs 90%; P = .002). Moreover, accurate negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.1% pointed out that PFL could be used as a reliable preoperative screening marker.ConclusionsElevated PFL represents an independent worse prognostic factor for severe bleeding after tonsillectomy and could be helpful to identify patients at higher risk for PTH.
Yellow mutant of the Neotropical green lacewing Chrysoperla externa: trait inheritance and predator performance
Authors: Bestete Luziani Rezende , Torres Jorge Braz , Henry Charles S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Neotropical green lacewing Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a key predator of various small soft‐bodied pest species. Chrysopidae species are known as ‘green lacewings’ due to their overall green body coloration. However, yellow mutant individuals were observed emerging from our lacewing rearing colony. Thus, the mode of inheritance of the yellow trait was studied and the hypothesis of an autosomal recessive allele for yellow color was tested using hybridization and backcrossing techniques. Furthermore, the possible implications of this color variation on specific life‐history characteristics of C. externa and the predation rates of each morph were evaluated. In both yellow and green morphs, basic life‐history characteristics were monitored, including time to hatching and viability of eggs, duration, and viability of larval and pupal stages, emergence rate and survivorship of adults, and fecundity and longevity of females. The yellow and green morphs were indistinguishable with respect to all life‐history traits evaluated and the predation rate of their larvae. Crossing experiments revealed the yellow color to be caused by a homozygous recessive allele, without sex‐linked expression. We conclude that the allele for yellow color is occurring at high frequency in the laboratory colony, supporting the existence of a genetic polymorphism for body ground color.
Productivity losses in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma following stem cell transplantation and the impact of maintenance therapy
Authors: Jackson Graham , Galinsky Jayne , Alderson David E. C. , D'Souza Vijay K. , Buchanan Vanessa , Dhanasiri Sujith , Walker Simon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined productivity losses in European patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), to better understand and model the impact of NDMM and lenalidomide maintenance therapy on productivity from a patient and societal perspective.MethodsA cross‐sectional online patient survey was conducted across the UK, Germany, France, Spain and Italy. A partitioned survival model was used to estimate productivity loss and the impact of maintenance therapy, using human capital (HC) and friction cost approaches.ResultsOf the 115 eligible survey respondents, 76.5% were economically active at the time of diagnosis and highlighted return to work as an important factor affecting their quality of life; only 39.1% of respondents were economically active post‐ASCT. HC analyses estimated average total productivity losses per ASCT patient at EUR 290,601 over a 20‐year period. Modelling the impact of maintenance therapy alone for these patients reduced average productivity losses by just over 10%.ConclusionPatients with NDMM aspire to engage in productive lives post‐ASCT, but most are unable to do so. Access to treatments extending remission and supporting engagement in a productive life can have a positive impact both for patients and wider society.
Altered monoamine levels in the dorsal striatum of the rat are associated with alterations in behavioural selection and motivation following peripheral nerve injury and acute stress
Authors: Gemikonakli Gizem , Keay Kevin A. , Kendig Michael D. , Kang James W. M. , Corbit Laura H. , Mor David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic neuropathic pain and psychological stress interact to compromise goal‐directed control over behaviour following mild psychological stress. The dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral (DLS) striatum in the rat are crucial for the expression of goal‐directed and habitual behaviours, respectively. This study investigated whether changes in monoamine levels in the DMS and DLS following nerve injury and psychological stress reflect these behavioural differences. Neuropathic pain was induced by a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in Sprague–Dawley rats. Acute stress was induced using a 15‐min restraint. Behavioural flexibility was assessed using the outcome devaluation paradigm. Noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine and associated metabolites were measured bilaterally from the DLS and DMS. In uninjured rats, restraint increased dopaminergic markers in the left and serotonergic markers in the right of both the DMS and DLS, indicating a possible left hemisphere‐mediated dominance. CCI led to a slightly different lateralised effect, with a larger effect in the DMS than in the DLS. Individual differences in behavioural flexibility following CCI negatively correlated with dopaminergic markers in the right DLS, but positively correlated with these markers in the left DMS. A combination of CCI and restraint reduced behavioural flexibility, which was associated with the loss of the left/DMS dominance. These data suggest that behavioural flexibility following psychological stress or pain is associated with a left hemisphere dominance within the dorsal striatum. The loss of behavioural flexibility following the combined stressors is then associated with a transition from left to right, and DMS to DLS dominance.
Mitotic activity, modulation of DNA processing, and purinergic signalling in the adult rat auditory brainstem following sensory deafferentation
Authors: Illing Robert‐Benjamin , Buschky Helena , Tadic Annamaria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA complex scenario of cellular network reorganization is caused by unilateral sensory deafferentation (USD) in the adult rat central auditory system. We asked whether this plasticity response involves mitosis. Immunohistochemistry was applied to brainstem sections for the detection and localization of mitotic markers Ki67 and PCNA, the growth‐associated protein Gap43 and purine receptor P2X4. Fluorescent double staining was done for Ki67:PCNA and for both of them with HuC/HuD (neurons), S100 (astrocytes), Iba1 (microglia) and P2X4. Inquiring 1–7 days after USD, we found Ki67 expression to be changed in cellular profiles of cochlear nucleus (CN) with a significant increase in number by 1–3 days, followed by reset to control level within 1 week. USD‐induced mitosis exclusively occurred in microglia and was absent elsewhere in the auditory brainstem. PCNA staining of small cellular profiles increased similarly but remained elevated. PCNA staining intensity also changed in CN, superior olive and inferior colliculus in neuronal nuclei, suggesting shifts in DNA processing. No apoptotic cell death was detected in any region of the adult auditory brainstem after USD. A comparison of anterograde and retrograde effects of nerve damage revealed proliferating microglia expressing P2X4 receptors in CN upon USD, but not in the facial nucleus after facial nerve transection. In conclusion, the deafferentation model studied here permits insight into the capacity of the adult mammalian brain to invoke mitosis among glia cells, adjustment of gene processing in neurons and purinergic signalling between them, jointly accounting for a multilayered neuro‐ and glioplastic response.
Randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of three different oral moisturizers in palliative care patients
Authors: Kvalheim Siri F. , Marthinussen Mihaela C. , Haugen Dagny F. , Berg Einar , Strand Gunhild V. , Lie Stein‐Atle 
Published: July 2019

Most patients in palliative care have problems with dry mouth caused by medication or as a direct result of their condition. Dry mouth may cause problems that affect the primary disease negatively and contribute to poorer quality of life in palliative patients. This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of three different oral moisturizers: 17% watery solution of glycerol; oxygenated glycerol triester (marketed as Aequasyal in Europe and as Aquoral in the USA); and a newly developed product, Salient. Of the three products, glycerol provided the best relief from xerostomia directly after application, but had no effect after 2 h. By contrast, the effects of Aequasyal and Salient were largely maintained over the same period. The findings for oral discomfort and pain and speech problems showed a similar pattern. Despite its poor effect after 2 h, patients preferred glycerol over Salient and Aequasyal, probably because of the unpleasant taste of Aequasyal and the consistency and mode of application of Salient. Within the limitations of this study, none of the three products tested was found to be clinically completely adequate. However, the glycerol solution was preferred by this group of patients, and its short‐lived effect can be compensated for by frequent applications.
Stereoelectroencephalography electrode placement: Detection of blood vessel conflicts
Authors: Li Kuo , Vakharia Vejay N. , Sparks Rachel , Rodionov Roman , Vos Sjoerd B. , McEvoy Andrew W. , Miserocchi Anna , Wang Maode , Ourselin Sebastien , Duncan John S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveVarious forms of vascular imaging are performed to identify vessels that should be avoided during stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) planning. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard for intracranial vascular imaging. DSA is an invasive investigation, and a balance is necessary to identify all clinically relevant vessels and not to visualize irrelevant vessels that may unnecessarily restrict electrode placement. We sought to estimate the size of vessels that are clinically significant for SEEG planning.MethodsThirty‐three consecutive patients who underwent 354 SEEG electrode implantations planned with computer‐assisted planning and DSA segmentation between 2016 and 2018 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Intracranial positions of electrodes were segmented from postimplantation computed tomography scans. Each electrode was manually reviewed using “probe‐eye view” with the raw preoperative DSA images for vascular conflicts. The diameter of vessels and the location of conflicts were noted. Vessel conflicts identified on raw DSA images were cross‐referenced against other modalities to determine whether the conflict could have been detected.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐six vessel conflicts were identified between electrodes and DSA‐identified vessels, with 0‐3 conflicts per electrode and a median of four conflicts per patient. The median diameter of conflicting vessels was 1.3 mm (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.0‐1.5 mm). The median depth of conflict was 31.0 mm (IQR = 14.3‐45.0 mm) from the cortical surface. The addition of sulcal models to DSA, magnetic resonance venography (MRV), and T1 + gadolinium images, as an exclusion zone during computer‐assisted planning, would have prevented the majority of vessel conflicts. We were unable to determine whether vessels were displaced or transected by the electrodes.SignificanceVascular segmentation from DSA images was significantly more sensitive than T1 + gadolinium or MRV images. Electrode conflicts with vessels 1‐1.5 mm in size did not result in a radiologically detectable or clinically significant hemorrhage and could potentially be excluded from consideration during SEEG planning.
Fraxin inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory cytokines and protects against endotoxic shock in mice
Authors: Li Weifeng , Li Wenqi , Yu JinJin , Liu Fang , Zang Lulu , Xiao Xin , Zhao Jinmeng , Yao Qing , Niu Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFraxin, the effective component isolated from Cortex Fraxini, has been reported to have anti‐inflammation effects. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of fraxin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced endotoxic shock in mice. We used Kunming male mice to establish the model, and we found that fraxin could improve the survival rate of the LPS‐induced mice. Histopathological study showed that fraxin could mitigate the injuries in LPS‐induced lung and liver tissues. The levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 both in serum and lung, liver tissues, and the productions of nitric oxide (NO), aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase in serum were decreased by fraxin. Western blot assay demonstrated that the pretreatment with fraxin could downregulate LPS‐induced protein expressions of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscle signalling pathways. Overall, fraxin had protective effects on LPS‐induced endotoxic shock mice and the possible mechanisms might activate through NF‐κB and NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscle signalling pathways.