bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patents on Life: A Brief View of Human Milk Component Patenting
Authors: McClain Valerie W 
Published: April 2018

Academic research on human milk, often funded by US governmental grants, has shown that this live substance has health benefits for infants. Since the 1980’s, researchers have been looking for the magic bullets in human milk that bestow various health benefits to breastfed infants. Molecular cloning/genetic engineering has provided researchers with a way to create components in the lab so that formula-fed infants can receive some health advantages possibly similar to those enjoyed by breastfed infants. Researchers believe that their inventions not only benefit premature and full-term infants but also may benefit children and adults in other applications.
Research into human milk and its health benefits has resulted in numerous patents. This paper offers a brief glimpse at six of the many U.S. patents on human milk components: human lactoferrin, human milk oligosaccharides, the probiotic derived from human milk-Lactobaccillus reuteri, and 3 of the Prolacta Bioscience (the for-profit milk bank that developed the first human milk-based infant formula) patents. Questions are briefly raised about these patents. Are they patents on life? Is this biopiracy?
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN BERKOMUNIKASI SISWA
Authors: Wulandari Nestri Indah , Wijayanti Astuti , Budhi Widodo 
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar IPA antara pembelajaran menggunakan model Problem Based Learning dengan pembelajaran langsung ditinjau dari kemampuan berkomunikasi siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuasi ekperimen. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar IPA yang menggunakan model Problem Based Learning memperoleh skor rerata 21,22 dan pembelajaran langsungÃÂ memperoleh skor rerata 18,09. Kemampuan berkomunikasi yang pembelajarannya menggunakan Problem Based Learning memperoleh skor rerata 96,00 dan pembelajaran langsung termasuk memperoleh skor rerata 90,00. Sehingga dapat dinyatakan ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulannya, ada signifikan, sehingga ada perbedaan hasil belajar Ipa siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta tahun ajaran 2016/2017 antara pembelajaran menggunakan Problem Based Learning dengan pembelajaran langsung ditinjau dari kemampuan berkomunikasi siswa.The objective of this study is to know the difference of science learning outcomes between learning using Problem Based Learning model and direct learning observed from studentsÃ¢â¬â¢ communication skill. This research is quasi-experiment. This study was conducted at the Junior High School 11 Yogyakarta in the academic year of 2016/2017. The study showed that the average score of science learning outcomes which uses Problem Based Learning model was 21.22, whereas direct learning got the average score of 18.09. Communication skill that the learning process uses Problem Based Learning got the average score of 96.00 whereas direct learning got the average score of 90.00. In conclusion, there is significance, so there is the difference of science learning outcomes of students of class VII of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta academic year 2016/2017 between learning using Problem Based Learning with direct learning in terms of students' communication ability.ÃÂ
Using Cooperative Learning (Team Pair Solo) to Improve Students Reading Comprehension
Authors: Wibisono Wahyu 
Published: April 2018

This research was aimed to apply cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo) as the technique to solve students problems in reading class of the third semester of nursing students in Stikes Patria Husada Blitar. This research design was a Classroom Action Research. The researcher used several instruments; such as observation checklist, field notes, and reading comprehension test. The finding showed that by using cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo), students comprehension in reading could be better than when they were taught by using traditional grammar translation method. This result could be seen from the data, in terms of the students individual reading comprehension test, in preliminary research, the number of students who passed the minimum passing grade (64) were only 2 students (20%). In Cycle 1, 10 students (100%) could pass the minimum passing grade (64). The improvement of students reading comprehension was due to the use of cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo) as the technique in teaching reading. It showed that by using cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo), students motivation and self-esteem increased since the cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo) could accommodate students to be well prepared to the reading passage by discussing in team, pair with other student, and finally they have great self-esteem to stand by their self in reading class. Consequently, students became more motivated in terms of in-class discussion and offered opinions since they were accustomed to express their idea through cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo). It was suggested to all of English teachers/ lecturers to apply this technique as one of the methods to increase students motivation in English class and also could be used to increase students reading skill. Other researchers were expected to elaborate this cooperative learning with other technique so that there would be alot of technique could be used as refference in teaching english. It was suggested to all of English teachers/ lecturers to apply this technique as one of the methods to increase students motivation in English class and also could be used to increase students reading skill.Keywords: traditional grammar translation method, cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo), reading skill
THE EFFECT OF WORD SEARCH PUZZLE GAME IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO THE FIRST GRADESTUDENTS OF SMPN 3 PROPPO
Authors: Al-Furqon Achmad Syarofi 
Published: April 2018

This study tries to answer a reseach question: Is there any significant effect of Word Search Puzzle Game in teaching vocabulary to the first grade students of SMPN 3 Proppo . The population is all of students at the first grade of SMPN 3 Proppo. The sample is also the first grade student, and there were 29 students of the class. This research uses quantitative approach, while the research design used pre-experimental. The instruments were test and documentation, while test is used to measure students vocabulary. The result of this research is there was significance effect of Word Search Puzzle Game in teaching vocabulary to the first grade student of SMPN 3 Proppo because the t-calculated was higher than t-critical in significance alpha 5% The score of t-calculated in this research was 2,05 and the score of t-critical was 10.865 in level significance 5% with degree of freedom 28 ( 10.865>2,05 ). From these results, it is suggested to the English teachers to use an appropriate technique in teaching English especially in teaching vocabulary, in this case using Word Search Puzzle Game since Word Search Puzzle Game was gave positive effect in teaching vocabulary. It is also expected for further researchers to continue this research on the other vocabulary items.
PENGELOLAAN PEMBELAJARAN PAUD
Authors: Farida Siti 
Published: April 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan (1) perencanaan pembelajaran di TK A Nurur Ra’uf Tlagah pamekasan, (2) pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan (3) Penilaian pembelajarannya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di TK A Nurur Ra’uf Tlagah pamekasan. Desain penelitian ini adalah etnografi . Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah informan yang terdiri atas pengelola, pendidik, dan siswa di TK A Nurur Ra’uf. Sumber data juga diperoleh dari data-data prota, promes, (RPPM) dan (RPPH) yang diperoleh dari lembaga TK ketika peneliti melakukan wawancara dan observasi di lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis interaktif, yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Validitas data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik validitas internal dan trianggulasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Silabus pembelajaran PAUD dituangkan dalam bentuk perencanaan semester, perencanaan mingguan dan perencanaan harian/pertemuan. Perencanaan itu dilakukan dengan memperhatikan tingkat perkembangan, kebutuhan, minat dan karakteristik anak didik, dan aspek-aspek perkembangan meliputi nilai-nilai agama dan moral, motorik, kognitif, bahasa dan sosial-emosional. (2) P elaksanaan pembelajaran di TK A Nurur Ra’uf dimulai dengan (a) happy morning, (b) kegiatan pembiasaan, (c) transisi, (d) pijakan lingkungan, (e) pijakan sebelum main, (f) pijakan selama main, (g) pijakan setelah main, (h) pengenalan salat, dan (i) penutup. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran menggunakan metode bermain sambil belajar melalui pembelajaran kelas sentra dengan pendekatan Beyond Center and Circle Time (BCCT), dan metode tanya jawab, cerita, bermain peran atau praktik langsung lapangan. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam suasana bermain yang nyaman, aman, bersih, dan sehat. (3) Penilaian pembelajaran di TK A Nurur Ra’uf dilakukan dengan observasi setiap saat tidak selama KBM berlangsung sampai selesai pembelajaran. melalui pengamatan, pencatatan anekdot, dan portofolio.
THE STUDY OF THE STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO USE PUNCTUATION IN WRITING SKILL
Authors: Nuriyanti Ika , Yuliawati Fitrah 
Published: April 2018

Writing is one of the skills in English that should be mastered by students. Writing is means of communication whereby writing transmit idea to the reader. There are many steps in teaching writing skill. One of the steps is the teaching of punctuation. Punctuation is an element that has an important role in writing. Punctuation refers to sign on marks used to clarify the writings’ idea and the readers can understand easily the meaning of the sentences. This research used qualitative research, because this research describes about the students’ ability to use punctuation in writing. The research was conducted at Senior High School in Pamekasan. The result of this research found about to what extent students use the punctuation marks. Firstly, external punctuation. Secondly, internal punctuation. thirdly, pairs punctuation. Fourthly, special punctuation. Based on the result of research, it can be concluded that the used punctuation in writing skill in the second semester students of class X state senior high school in Pamekasan couldn’t used punctuation in writing, it showed by the data the average value of student’ couldn’t used punctuation correctly were 73 %. Students’ still confuse or didn’t know used punctuation, and the meaning of the text listed on the sentence that use at the and of sentence or continue with other sentence, and also between declaration and question.
Fixed point theorem for a kind of \'{C}iri\'{c} type contractions in complete metric spaces
Authors: SUZUKİ Tomonari 
Published: April 2018

We prove a fixed point theorem for a kind of C'iric' type contractions in complete metric spaces. In order to demonstrate the assumption of the fixed point theorem, we give an example. We also clarify the mathematical structure of some fixed point theorem proved by Mınak-Helvacı-Altun and Wardowski-Dung independently.
Local convergence for a Chebyshev-type method in Banach space free of derivatives
Authors: George Santhosh , Argyros Ioannis K 
Published: April 2018

This paper is devoted to the study of a Chebyshev-type method free of derivatives for solving nonlinear equations in Banach spaces. Using the idea of restricted convergence domain, we extended the applicability of the Chebyshev-type methods. Our convergence conditions are weaker than the conditions used in earlier studies. Therefore the applicability of the method is extended. Numerical examples where earlier results cannot apply to solve equations but our results can apply are also given in this study.
Kırık Pencereler Teorisi’nin İstanbul Metropoliten Alanı’nda Geçerliliğinin Testi
Authors: BİLEN Ömer , BÜYÜKLÜ Ali Hakan 
Published: April 2018

Dünyada ve Türkiye’de
şehirlerde suç kaynaklı güvenlik sorunu çözülmesi gereken öncelikli sorunlar
arasında yer almaktadır. Kent güvenliğinin sağlanmasında suç ile ilgili kurulan
teorik modeller kamu yöneticileri için önemli politika araçları olarak kullanılabilir.
Kent güvenliği politikalarının oluşturulmasında farklı suç teorileri
üretildikleri disiplinlere göre çeşitlenen değişik suç önleme yaklaşımları
sunmaktadır. Suçun mekânsal dağılımındaki faktörleri inceleyen yaklaşımlar
arasında yer alan “Kırık Pencereler Teorisi” literatürde de karşımıza çıkan ve
geliştirilmesinde New York’ta başarılı bir uygulamanın sebep olduğu bir
teoridir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada Kırık Pencereler Teorisi’nin İstanbul’da kent
güvenliğinin sağlanması için uygun bir teori olup olmadığı test edilmiştir.
Kırık Pencereler Teorisi gerek sosyal gerekse de fiziksel yapıya ilişkin
faktörleri suç önleme amaçlı olarak kullanması nedeniyle de önemlidir. Kırık
Pencereler Teorisi’ne ilişkin kavramlar “Kırık Pencereler Döngüsü” adı altında
şematize edilerek modellenmiştir. Bu modelin test edilmesi için path analizi
kullanılmıştır. Path analizi modelde belirlenen ilişkilerin test edilmesine
olanak sağlamaktadır. Path analizi modelde belirtilen ilişkiler çalışma
alanında toplanan veriye mükemmel uyum sağlamadığı durumlarda bu ilişkilerin
yerine alternatif teorik olarak kabul edilebilir yeni ilişkiler tanımlanmasına
olanak sağlamaktadır. Böylelikle var olan teorik model modifikasyonlarla
çalışma alanına uygun hale getirilebilmektedir. Kırık Pencereler Modeli’nin
testi için İstanbul’da kentsel alanda yaşayan 1837 bireyle yüz yüze anket
görüşmeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu örneklem büyüklüğüne ait hata payı
±%2.29’dur. Path analizi sonucunda Kırık Pencereler Döngüsü’nün tanımladığı
faktörler arasındaki ilişkiler modifiye edilerek İstanbul için geçerli bir
model olarak kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir.
Tarihi Kent Merkezlerinin Kırılganlığı ve Afet Yönetimi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme: Ankara Saraçlar Sokağı Yangını Örneği
Authors: ORHAN Ezgi 
Published: April 2018

Çalışma, 21 Şubat 2012’de
Ankara’nın tarihi kent merkezi Ulus’ta Saraçlar Sokak’ta meydana gelen yangın
örneği üzerinden tarihi merkezlerindeki iş alanları için afet yönetim
politikaları geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ulus kent merkezinde yaşanan afet ve
sonrasındaki deneyimlerden hareketle tarihi iş çevrelerinde kırılganlıkları
yaratan etkenlerin neler olduğu ve bu alanlarda afet sakınım stratejileri
geliştirilmesi gerekliliği üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Çalışma, Saraçlar Sokak
yangın olayı incelemesine göre literatürde yer alan kültürel varlıkların
korunması, kentsel kırılganlık, işyeri sürekliliği ve tarihi kentsel alanlarda
afet yönetimi konularındaki tartışmaları bütünleştirmektedir. Çalışmanın temel
savı, tarihi kent merkezlerinin mekânsal ve sosyo-ekonomik niteliklerinin neden
olduğu sorunların yanı sıra alanda yer alan iş faaliyetinden kaynaklanan
sorunların da bu alanlarda kentsel risk üretimine katkı koyduğudur. Ulus Tarihi
Kent Merkezi’nde mekansal örüntünün, sosyo-ekonomik yapının ve iş etkinliklerinin
şekillenişini tarif etmek için alanın planlama tarihi incelenmiş ve bu
başlıklar altında kentsel kırılganlıkların üretimine katkı koyan uygulamaların
neler olduğu irdelenmiştir. Mekansal yapının yapılaşma düzeni, erişilebilirlik
ve altyapı sunumundaki sorunlar nedeniyle kırılganlıkları üretmesi;
sosyo-ekonomik yapıda kırılganları oluşturan etkenlerin tarihi kent merkezinin
kullanıcılarının özellikleri ve ekonomik ve kurumsal birikimin alanı
yenileştirme kapasitesinin sınırlı olması ile ilişkili olması; ve işyeri
nitelikleri ve alanda nüfus yoğunluğu yaratmaları bakımından iş faaliyetinin
alanda kırılganlıklara yol açması üzerinden bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bu
doğrultuda, tarihi alanların korunması ve ekonomik aktivitenin sürekliliği
bakımından tarihi kent merkezlerine yönelik geliştirilecek afet yönetim
politikaları ortaya konulmaktadır.&nbsp;
Analisa Keberadaan Koperasi Di Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Simbolon Sabam 
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini berjudul Analisa keberadaan koperasi di Kabupaten Tangerang yang bertujuan untuk mencari gambaran bagaimana keberadaan koperasi di kabupaten Tangerang saat ini dan masa dating. Penelitian ini penelitian deskriptif denga objek penelitian adalah koperasi yang ada di kabupaten Tangerang dengan data sekunder yaitu data yang diperoleh dari Kantor Dinas Koperasi kabupaten Tangerang dan Data BPS Tangerang dalam Angka untuk periode 2012 hingga tahun 2017.Analisis dilakukan dengan analisis comparative deskriptif antar period.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan sector pertanian telah bergeser ke sektor industry jasa, perdagangan dan manufacturing. Penggunaan lahan di Kabupaten Tangerang berubah menjadi tempat berdirinya perusahaan-perusahaan (banguan pabrik dan kantor) dan untuk pemukiman atau perumahan-perumahan.pada sisi yang lain pertumbuhan koperasi secara kuantitas menunjukkan kondisi yang positip pada awalnya namun kemudian berubah menjadi pertumbuhan negative (koperasi-koperasi yang ada sebelumnya banyak yang tidak aktif). Koperasi yang aktif hanya beroperasi sekitar kebutuhan anggota itu sendiri tanpa ada pengembangan usaha bentuk lain untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggotanya. Koperasi di Kabupaten Tangerang di kelompokkan dalam beberapa kategori diantaranya Koperasi di sector pertanian,koperasi di sector perikanan,koperasi di sector peternakan,koperasi di sector perdagangan dan koperasi di sector jasa. Secara umum koperasi menunjukkan perkembangan yang semakin menurun hanya ada beberapa koperasi yang berkembang positip seperti koperasi Jasa dalam bidang Jasa Kredit (Koperasi Kredit).
Simpulan adalah bahwa koperasi di kabupaten Tangerang masih berada pada posisi yang jauh dari harapan dalam mengemban tugas sesuai dengan pasal 33 UUD45 dan atau Undang-undang Koperasi yaitu sebagai soko guru ekonomi. Bahkan, dengan era globalisasi sekarang ini koperasi cenderung tidak dapat bergerak secara mandiri, kecuali di bantu melalui kebijakan pemerintah. Saran adalah agar pemerintah melakukan terobosan baru untuk mempertahankan koperasi di Tangerang di masa –masa mendatang
Pengaruh Opini Audit dan Corporate Governance Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Sumantri Farid Addy 
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh opini audit dan corporate governance terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan. Selanjutnya dalam penelitian ini variabel Corporate Governance disingkat menjadi CG. Opini audit dilihat dari jenis opini audit yang diberikan oleh auditor independen. CG dilihat berdasarkan mekanisme CG yang terdiri dari komposisi dewan komisaris, kepemilikan institusional dan kepemilikan manajerial atas saham yang dimiliki. Kualitas laporan keuangan diukur dengan menggunakan non operating accruals dibagi total asset.
Sampel penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri 11 perusahaan sektor aneka industri metal yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) peiode 2014-2016. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknis analisis yang digunakan adalah multiple regression analysis dengan alat bantu program SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences) for windows versi 24.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Opini audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan, yaitu 0,357 > 0,05. Komposisi dewan komisaris tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan 0,594 > 0,05. Kepemilikan institusional tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan 0,550 > 0,05. Kepemilkan manajerial berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan 0,007 < 0,05.
Perancangan Aplikasi Penentu Jurusan IPA atau IPS Pada SMA Menggunakan Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Kurnia Yusuf , Sagara Dharma 
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini didasari oleh kurangnya persiapan siswa dalam memilih penjurusan yang tepat akan berdampak pada pelajaran yang nantinya akan di pelajarinya. Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih yang sekarang telah membuat banyak organisasi atau lembaga menggunakannya sebagai media yang pengolahan data, mendukung kemampuan Komputer dalam pengolahan data telah sangat mendukung dalam menghadirkan information bahwa mudah, akurat dan berkualitas. Seperti dengan organisasi atau lembaga lain. Pada penelitian akan menerapkan logika fuzzy metode Tsukamoto dalam mencari penjurusan yang tepat pada siswa di SMA. Keuntungan penggunaan logika fuzzy adalah dapat melakukan observasi objektif terhadap nilai-nilai yang bersifat subjektif. Adapun variable yang akan diproses dalam logika fuzzy adalah nilai dan minat. Hasil tes siswa akan menjadi nilai masukkan yang kemudian diproses didalam logika fuzzy. Nilai tersebut diproses kedalam tiga tahapan logika fuzzy yaitu fuzzifikasi, penalaran dan defuzzifikasi. Hasil dari penjurusan ini yang kemudian akan menjadi panduan siswa dalam mengoptimasi proses pembelajaran.
Data Mining Implementation on Choosing Potential Customers Using K-Means Algorithm on PT. Koba Metal Indonesia
Authors: Kristianto Sandi , Kurnia Yusuf 
Published: April 2018

PT. Koba metal Indonesia. is one of roll-reforming cooperations who produce light-steel stuffs which is growing rapidly nowadays. One of the important thing in customer management is how a cooperation be able to preserve their customers. the effort of preserving customers becomes important for PT. Koba metal Indonesia. considering of plenty companies who commits at the same sector. To prevent the displacement of customers, knowing the potential group of customers is important, so that the company could preserve those potential customers by giving excellent service, etc. the implication of data mining could assist the company to analize the received data from sales transaction to gain potential customers data. Therefore, a designed application which could implement the data mining for choosing potential customers by clustering and algorithm K-means method is arranged. Then, the information performes with groups who is categorized into potential customers. Besides, rapminder application is also used to examine the data’s accuracy of this built application design. Hereinafter, this application design is expected to assist companies to choose their potential customers and preserve them to advance their business.
Wandering Supermassive Black Holes in Milky-Way-mass Halos
Authors: Tremmel Michael , Governato Fabio , Volonteri Marta , Pontzen Andrew , Quinn Thomas R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We present a self-consistent prediction from a large-scale cosmological simulation for the population of “wandering” supermassive black holes (SMBHs) of mass greater than 106
M
⊙ on long-lived, kpc-scale orbits within Milky Way (MW)-mass galaxies. We extract a sample of MW-mass halos from the Romulus25 cosmological simulation, which is uniquely able to capture the orbital evolution of SMBHs during and following galaxy mergers. We predict that such halos, regardless of recent merger history or morphology, host an average of 5.1 ± 3.3 SMBHs, including their central black hole, within 10 kpc from the galactic center and an average of 12.2 ± 8.4 SMBHs total within their virial radius, not counting those in satellite halos. Wandering SMBHs exist within their host galaxies for several Gyr, often accreted by their host halo in the early Universe. We find, with >4σ significance, that wandering SMBHs are preferentially found outside of galactic disks.
Arrêt des soins d’un mineur : intérêt supérieur de l’enfant versus bienfaisance à l’égard des parents ?
Authors: Bourdaire-Mignot Camille , Gründler Tatiana 
Published: April 2018

Dans une situation d’obstination déraisonnable, un médecin peut décider de l’arrêt des traitements sur un enfant mineur contre l’avis de ses parents. Mais, dans un tel contexte, il lui reviendra d’apprécier l’opportunité de la mise en œuvre de sa décision. Le Conseil d’État l’affirme ; la Cour européenne le confirme.