bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defekte Thrombusstruktur und Hemmung der Thrombusbildung bei Defibrinierungsblutungen infolge ungerinnbarer Fibrinogebderivate
Authors: Steichele D. F 
Published: July 2018

ZussammenfassungBei 8 Patientinnen mit Defibrinierungssyndrom wurden neben der Thrombinzeit, dem Fibrinogenspiegel und der Thrombelastographie die Fibrinogenderivate im Serum bestimmt. Anhand der thrombelastographischen Untersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, daß bei Hypofibrinogenämien mit stark erhöhter Konzentration der Fibrinogenderivate ein funktionell defektes Gerinnsel entsteht. Die AntikoagulansWirkung der Fibrinogenderivate ließ sich bei diesen Patientinnen durch die stark verlängerten Werte der Thrombinzeit nachweisen. Eine Differenzierung zwischen der Antithrombin-VI-Aktivität und der Antipolymerasewirkung der Fibrinogenderivate wird versucht.
Activation of Factor X in Bovine Prothrombin Preparations
Authors: Landaburu R. H , Albado Emilia 
Published: July 2018

SummaryChromatographic fractionation of factor X (autoprothrombin III) and factor Xa (autoprothrombin C), obtained from bovine prothrombin preparations, on amberlite IRC-50 demonstrates activation of factor X under the conditions of prothrombin activation. The increase in factor Xa protein during prothrombin activation is due to incorporation of a non-active protein into the fraction. Prothrombin Activating Derivative B (PAD-B) is activated by concentrated salt solutions and not by stypven.
Über das Verhalten der Gerinnungsfaktoren Prothrombin, Faktor V und Faktor VII bei Ratten nach Ganzkörperbestrahlung
Authors: Klesper R , Kessler F.-J , Felderhoff B , Parchwitz H. K , Wittekind E 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungBei einer Ganzkörperbestrahlung weißer Wistarratten mit 1000 r tritt nach 72 Stunden eine Aktivitätszunahme der Blutgerinnungsfaktoren Prothrombin, Faktor V und VII, ein. Erhöht man die Strahlendosis auf das Zehnfache, wird der Faktorenanstieg bereits nach 48 Stunden beobachtet. Diese Dosisabhängigkeit besteht nur in zeitlicher, nicht in quantitativer Hinsicht. Bei milzexstirpierten Tieren ist nach der Bestrahlung ein gleichartiges Verhalten der Gerinnungsfaktoren festzustellen. Den größten Aktivitätszuwachs zeigt das Prothrombin.
Phospholipid-Protein Interactions in the Formation of Prothrombin Activator
Authors: Cole E. R , Koppel J. L , Olwin J. H 
Published: July 2018

SummarySince Ac-globulin (factor V) is involved in the formation of prothrombin activator, its ability to complex with phospholipids was studied. Purified bovine Ac-globulin was complexed to asolectin, there being presumably a fixed number of binding sites on the phospholipid micelle for Ac-globulin. In contrast to the requirement for calcium ions in the formation of complexes between asolectin and autoprothrombin C, calcium ions were not required for complex formation between asolectin and Ac-globulin to occur ; in fact, the presence of calcium prevented complex formation occurring, the degree of inhibition being dependent on the calcium concentration. By treating isolated, pre-formed aso- lectin-Ac-globulin complexes with calcium chloride solutions, Ac-globulin could be recovered in a much higher state of purity and essentially free of asolectin.Complete activators were formed by first preparing the asolectin-calcium- autoprothrombin C complex and then reacting the complex with Ac-globulin. A small amount of this product was very effective as an activator of purified prothrombin without further addition of calcium or any other cofactor. If the autoprothrombin C preparation used to prepare the complex was free of traces of prothrombin, the complete activator was stable for several hours at room temperature. Stable preparations of the complete activator were centrifuged, resulting in the sedimentation of most of the activity. Experimental evidence also indicated that activator activity was highest when autoprothrombin C and Ac-globulin were complexed to the same phospholipid micelle, rather than when the two clotting factors were complexed to separate micelles. These data suggested that the in vivo prothrombin activator may be a sedimentable complex composed of a thromboplastic enzyme, calcium, Ac-globulin and phospholipid.
Heparin, Protamine and Polybrene
Authors: Britten Anthony 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effects of incubating heparin, protamine or Polybrene with plasma were studied. All three drugs cause rapid loss of factor V from decalcified plasma, while Polybrene also accelerates the loss of factor VIII activity. These changes are related to temperature, the period of incubation and the dose of the drug used, and can be partially prevented by inclusion of neutralizing doses of the appropriate antagonist in the incubation mixture.The implications of these findings are discussed.
Swallowing in Patients with Mental Disability - Analysis of 189 Swallowing Video Endoscopies
Authors: Pirana Sulene , Oliveira Marcela , Pissini Fabiana , Andrade Raíssa 
Published: July 2018

Introduction Feeding, swallowing and breathing are fundamental activities for the survival and well-being of humans; these functions are performed by the most complex neuromuscular unit of the human body, which, when altered, may raise morbidity and mortality rates.
Objective To evaluate deglutition in patients with mental disability in order to determine the incidence and the severity of dysphagia.
Methods A total of 189 institutionalized adult patients with mental disability were analyzed using a 3.2 mm flexible fiberscope (Machida, Japan 1995). The following food consistencies were tested: pasty, thickened liquid and liquid.
Results Among the total of 189 patients, 101 (53.4%) were female aged between 14 and 55 years old. Most of them 120 (63.5%) had profound mental deficiency, 58 (30.7%) had severe mental deficiency, 9 (4.8%) had moderate mental deficiency, and 2 (1.1%) had mild mental deficiency. Gender and the degree of mental deficiency did not influence significantly the degree of dysphagia. Age, degree of disability and interaction between age groups and degrees of disability influenced significantly the degree of dysphagia. Younger patients are more likely to present more severe dysphagia. Stabilization occurs between 31 and 40 years of age, and above this age, a greater chance of less severe dysphagia, because the increase in the degree of mental deficiency decreases the probability of more severe dysphagia.
Conclusion The population that mostly presented severe dysphagia was characterized by being mostly female, with profound mental deficiency, with an average age of 36.7 years. There was no relationship between gender and the degree of mental disability concerning the degree of dysphagia.
Training to Optimize Collaborative Use of an Inpatient Portal
Authors: Hefner Jennifer , Sieck Cynthia , McAlearney Ann 
Published: July 2018

Background Inpatient portals are an emerging technology that can facilitate collaborative interactions between patients and care teams, but little is known about how organizations attempt to implement and facilitate inpatient portal use for their providers.
Methods We held in-person, semistructured interviews with care team members and information technology (IT) staff and conducted rigorous thematic analysis of transcripts.
Results Interviews with 220 care team members and 4 IT staff identified 3 new areas of training needed to optimize inpatient portal implementation and use that extend beyond training to use other technologies: (1) teaching staff to train patients about tool use; (2) training about how to promote tool use to patients; and (3) training about optimal use of secure messaging.
Discussion Our findings show that inpatient portals are implemented within a collaborative multistakeholder context. Training efforts must consider the importance of this collaborative context to help providers learn to both incorporate the technology into their workflow and assist patients with portal use.
Nonverbal predication and the nonverbal clause type of Mojeño Trinitario
Authors: Rose Françoise 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Mojeño Trinitario, an Arawak language spoken in Bolivia, makes frequent use of clauses without a verb or a copula. These encode some of the most common semantic types of nonverbal predication – equation, inclusion, attribution (as understood by Payne 1997), but also typologically neglected types, like quantification and temporality. Possession, existence, and two unattested semantic types – motion-presentational and quantified existential, are actually encoded in Mojeño Trinitario with verbal clauses and copular clauses. The non-copular nonverbal constructions present a very regular morphosyntactic pattern, even though they make use of predicates that belong to different classes (nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, demonstratives and prepositional phrases). These constructions can be subsumed under a major clause type distinct from the verbal clause type, and are characterized by a nonverbal predicate either juxtaposed to its argument, or standing by itself if it is suffixed with a person index. Nonverbal clauses share some properties with verbal clauses, like some of the inflectional morphology (e.g. negation, plural, TAM), but they however neatly differ in three respects – constituent order, argument indexing, and irrealis marking. In conclusion, Mojeño Trinitario shows a nonverbal clause type clearly distinct from the verbal clause type, and this draws a robust major distinction among lexical classes between on the one hand, verbs, and on the other hand, non-verbs (nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and numerals).
Nonverbal predicates and copula constructions in Aguaruna (Chicham)
Authors: Overall Simon E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses primarily on the formal expression of equative, proper inclusion and attributive relations in Aguaruna, all three of which are encoded as copula clauses. The copula clause involves two arguments that both take nominative case; the copula element may be a full verb, it may be an enclitic to the copula complement argument, or the clause may be truly verbless, formed by simple juxtaposition of the arguments. The copula verb itself is homophonous with an existential verb that forms a simple intransitive clause, and a few other intransitive verbs may also function as copulas. Finally, I show that the formal structures associated with copula clauses also feature in auxiliary constructions and as a means of marking finite verbal categories in clauses with nominalized verbs.
To hi or not to hi?
Authors: Stenzel Kristine 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter describes nonverbal predication in the Kotiria-Wa’ikhana sub-branch of the East Tukano family of northwestern Amazonia. It begins with a general overview of use of the copulas hi/ihi in sentences coding the main functional categories of nonverbal predication. Copular sentences with predicate nominals express notions of ‘identity’ and ‘existence’; those with predicate locatives indicate temporary or permanent locational association. ‘Adjectival’ notions – nominalizations derived from stative verb roots or from nouns by means of the attributive suffix -ti – are also expressed in copular sentences. This general profile also highlights the inflectional properties of copular verbs and their productive use as the head roots in derivations of nominals of various types. The second section presents the predicative alternatives to copular constructions, including productively used ‘nonexistence’, possessive, and positional-locative predicates. The final section discusses a second copular form, ni, a clear cognate to the general copula (a)ni found in many other East Tukano languages, synchronically used as an auxiliary in the Kotiria/Wa’ikhana progressive constructions. It briefly explores two hypotheses regarding the retention of ni and origin of the innovative hi/ihi copulas in Kotiria and Wa’ikhana.
Nonverbal predication in Ninam (northern Brazil)
Authors: Gómez Gale Goodwin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Although complex verbal morphology characterizes the languages in the Yanomami family, nonverbal predication is used when no verb or only a copula is present. Nonverbal predicates are distinguished from nonverbal clauses, which do not include a copula. The nonverbal predicates in Ninam fulfill the following four functions: existence, equation, possession, and location. Attributive constructions in nonverbal clauses that were presumed to be predicate adjectives are more appropriately categorized as adjectival verbs. The possibility of flexible word classes (Hengeveld et al. 2004; Haspelmath 2007) is evaluated in light of nonverbal clauses and the existence of derived attributive modifiers. The author concludes that Ninam has a fixed rather than flexible parts-of-speech system with verbs and nouns as the main word classes with semantic adjectives forming a subclass of verbs.
Reconstructing the copulas and nonverbal predicate constructions in Cariban
Authors: Gildea Spike 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper represents a first effort to characterize the different kinds of nonverbal predicate constructions in the Cariban family, to identify the functions served by copulas, and then to reconstruct the various attested copular forms to a limited number of source forms in Proto-Cariban. Given limitations of space, it is not possible to illustrate all of the cognate nonverbal predicate constructions attested in all of the languages, so the comparative look at the constructions is more programmatic, offering illustrations of the alternatives attested so far in the literature as a way to orient future field studies of nonverbal predication in Cariban languages. In contrast, the reconstruction of the copulas is as detailed as possible given the forms available in the current descriptive literature.
Is knowledge of causes sufficient for understanding?
Authors: Hu Xingming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccording to a traditional account, understanding why X occurred is equivalent to knowing that X was caused by Y. This paper defends the account against a major objection, viz., knowing-that is not sufficient for understanding-why, for understanding-why requires a kind of grasp while knowledge-that does not. I discuss two accounts of grasp in recent literature and argue that if either is true, then knowing that X was caused by Y entails at least a rudimentary understanding of why X occurred. If my defense is successful, it would cast doubt on an influential account of the epistemic value of understanding.
Oxygen consumption, rate of perceived exertion and enjoyment in high‐intensity interval eccentric cycling
Authors: Lipski Marcin , Abbiss Chris R. , Nosaka Kazunori 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objectives of this article are to compare oxygen consumption (VO2) and perceptual responses between continuous and interval eccentric cycling protocols in order to test the hypothesis that metabolic demand and enjoyment would be greater for interval than continuous eccentric cycling protocols. Eleven recreationally active men (n = 9) and women (32.6 ± 9.4 years) performed a concentric cycling test to determine peak power output (PPO) followed by five eccentric cycling protocols on separate occasions: continuous eccentric cycling at 60% of PPO for 20 min at 60 rpm (CONT20@60%) and 13.2 min at 90 rpm (CONT13@60%), 4 × 4 min at 75% of PPO with 2‐min rest (INT4×4@75%), 12 × 1 min at 100% of PPO with 1‐min rest (INT1×12@100%) and 10 × 1 min at 150% of PPO with 1‐min rest (INT1×10@150%). Gas exchange and power output were recorded continuously, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and enjoyment were assessed after each exercise. Total VO2 including the rest periods was the greatest (p < 0.0001) during INT1×10@150% (382 ± 73 ml kg−1) and lowest (p < 0.0001) during CONT13@60% (146 ± 27 ml kg−1). Total VO2 during INT1×12@100% (312 ± 59 ml kg−1) was greater (p < 0.0001) than CONT20@60% (246 ± 63 ml kg−1) and INT4×4@75% (257 ± 42 ml kg−1). RPE was greater (p < 0.0001) after INT1×10@150% (17 ± 2) than other conditions, but perceived enjoyment was not significantly different between protocols. It was concluded that the interval protocols increased metabolic demand without increasing RPE and enjoyment. It appears that high‐intensity interval protocols can be used in eccentric cycling prescription.
Effect of carrying different military equipment during a fatigue test on shooting performance
Authors: Gil‐Cosano J.J. , Orantes‐Gonzalez E. , Heredia‐Jimenez J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of a 3‐km walking test (3kWT) carrying different military equipment on shooting performance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), and test time. The relative combat wear and backpack weight (as percentage of soldier's body weight [%BW]) was reported and, along with HR, its relationship to marksmanship variables was tested. Thirty‐nine Spanish Army males walked as fast as possible to complete the 3kWT in the following conditions in a randomized order: unloaded walking; wearing the combat uniform; and carrying the combat uniform plus combat backpack. A shooting test was completed before and after the 3kWT. The HR and RPE were evaluated. The marksmanship variables and HR were analysed using a two‐way repeated measures ANOVA, and a repeated ANOVA was also used for 3kWT completion time and HR reserve analysis. Correlation analyses were performed between the equipment's weight, HR, and marksmanship variables. The results showed that shooting score decreased after the 3kWT in both load conditions (p < 0.001). The 3kWT time, RPE, and HR increased from control to load conditions, and also between load conditions. The HR reserve showed no significant effects between conditions. The %BW of the backpack condition negatively influenced aiming accuracy (r = −0.35; p = 0.04) and cleanness triggering (r = 0.37; p = 0.03). Correlations between HR and shooting variables were non‐significant. In conclusion, wearing the Spanish Army combat wear and backpack resulted in shooting performance degradation. Furthermore, fatigue and RPE increased and this could decrease physical marksmanship and performance capacity in combat situations.
Preloss Spirituality Predicts Postloss Distress of Bereaved Cancer Caregivers
Authors: Ting Amanda , Lucette Aurelie , Carver Charles S , Cannady Rachel S , Kim Youngmee 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough spirituality has been identified as a psychological resource relevant to coping with caregiving stress, little is known about the differential roles of spirituality’s facets in bereaved caregivers’ adjustment.PurposeThis study examined this question with regard to bereavement-specific and general distress in cancer caregivers.MethodsCancer caregivers provided data at 2 years after their relative’s diagnosis when all the patients were alive (Time 1, preloss) and 3 years later, after the patient had died (Time 2, postloss: N = 128). Demographics and three facets of spirituality (meaning, peace, and faith) were measured at Time 1. Psychological distress and time since the death were measured at Time 2.ResultsYounger age, less education, and being a spousal caregiver of the patient related to greater bereavement-specific and general distress (ts ≥ 2.02, ps < .05, partial η2 ≥ .15). Above and beyond these demographic factors, two preloss spirituality facets related to postloss distress. Specifically, a greater sense of inner peace at preloss was prospectively associated with less bereavement-specific distress (both intrusive thoughts and hyperarousal, ts ≥ 2.24, ps < .05, partial η2 ≥ .41). Greater reliance on faith at preloss was also prospectively associated with lower intrusive thoughts (t = 2.24, p < .05, partial η2 = .34).ConclusionFindings highlight the importance of preloss sense of peace as a predictor of psychological distress during bereavement. Programs and interventions might be designed to help caregivers find inner peace while caregiving, in an effort to augment their resiliency against psychological distress when facing the loss of the patient.
Current Trends in Breast Augmentation: Analysis of 2011–2015 Maintenance of Certification (MOC) Tracer Data
Authors: Ballard Tiffany N S , Hill Sean , Nghiem Bao Tram , Lysikowski Jerzy R , Brandt Keith , Cederna Paul S , Kenkel Jeffrey M 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Breast augmentation is the most common aesthetic surgery performed in the United States. Despite its popularity, there is no consensus on many aspects of the procedure.

Objectives
The authors assessed current trends and changes in breast augmentation from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study of 11,756 women who underwent breast augmentation based on the American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS) Maintenance of Certification Tracer Database was performed.

Results
There were clearly dominant trends in how ABPS-certified plastic surgeons performed breast augmentations. Most surgeries were performed in freestanding outpatient (47.3%) or office operating room (33.7%). The inframammary fold incision was most popular (75.1%), followed by periareolar (17.8%) and transaxillary approaches (4.1%). Implants were more commonly placed in a submuscular pocket (30.6%) compared with dual plane (26.7%) or subglandular (6.7%). Silicone implants (66.8%) were favored over saline (25.1%), with a statistically significant increase in silicone prostheses from 2011 to 2015. Data were “not applicable” or “other” in the remainder of cases. Administration of both preoperative antibiotics (3.8% in 2011, 98.7% in 2015, P &lt; 0.05) and deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) prophylaxis (3.8% in 2011, 90.6% in 2015, P &lt; 0.05) dramatically increased during the study period. Overall adverse events (7.4%) and reoperation rates (2.2%) were low.

Conclusions
Changes in standard of care for breast augmentation are reflected by the evolving practice patterns of plastic surgeons. This is best evidenced by the dramatic increase in use of antibiotic and DVT prophylaxis from 2011 to 2015.

Level of Evidence: 4
An audit of healthcare provision in internally displaced population camps in Nigeria
Authors: Ekezie Winifred , Timmons Stephen , Myles Puja , Siebert Penelope , Bains Manpreet , Pritchard Catherine 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Armed conflict in Nigeria resulted in more than 2 million internally displaced persons (IDPs). IDPs live in poor conditions lacking basic resources with variable provision across different locations. This audit aimed to determine the health-related resources available to IDPs in camp-like settings in Nigeria and whether these met international standards.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional study approach, information was collected in nine camps across seven states from camp managers, and direct observation in September–October 2016. The Sphere minimum standards in humanitarian crises were used as the audit standards.

Findings
The 5 of 15 assessed standards were met to some extent, including the availability of water and shelter. Sanitation and vaccination were unmet in five camps, with severe overcrowding in five camps, and inadequate waste disposal in all camps. Health programme implementation was uneven, and especially poor in self-settled and dispersed settlements.

Conclusion
Inequality in distribution of humanitarian support was observed across different settings, which could lead to a higher likelihood of water, food and air-related diseases and thereby, a poorer quality of life for IDPs. Ensuring standardized health assessments could promote a more even distribution of resources across IDP locations.