bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community treatment orders in England: review of usage from national data
Authors: Gupta Susham , Akyuz Elvan U. , Baldwin Toby , Curtis David 
Published: April 2018

Aims and methodCommunity treatment orders (CTOs) have been in used in England and Wales since November 2008; however, their effectiveness has been debated widely, as has the question of which methodology is appropriate to investigate them. This paper uses national data to explore the use of CTOs in England.ResultsAbout 5500 patients are subject to CTOs at any one time. Each year, ~4500 patients are made subject to a CTO each year and ~2500 are fully discharged, usually by the responsible clinician; fewer than half of CTO patients are recalled, and two-thirds of recalls end in revocation. The low rate of CTO discharges by mental health tribunals (below 5%) suggests that they are not used inappropriately.Clinical implicationsThe introduction of CTOs in England has coincided with a reduction in psychiatric service provision due to the economic downturn. Pressures on services might be even more severe if patients currently subject to CTOs instead needed to be detained as in-patients.Declaration of interestNone.
Comparison of Structure/Function Correlational Property of Three Kinds of Gemini-Type Thixotropic Surfactants Capable of Forming Crystalline Nanofiber Based on Hydrogen Bonding — Solid-State Structure, Two-Dimensional Molecular Film Forming, and Epitaxial Growth Behavior —
Authors: Iizuka Manami , Nakagawa Yuto , Moriya Yuma , Satou Eiichi , Fujimori Atsuhiro 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this study, we compare and investigate both microscopic molecular packing and mesoscopic morphogenetic behavior in two-dimensional (2D) organized films/three-dimensional (3D) solids of three kinds of Gemini-type diamide surfactants that systematically differ in terms of their chemical structure. The gelation of the surrounding medium is promoted by growing crystalline nanofibers of these surfactants, and the disappearance of these nanofibers and solvent reflow are caused by the application of a force on the corresponding gel because these surfactant molecules are considered potential thixotropic agents. The layer structure and sub-cell in the 3D crystals of surfactants are formed by the association of van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding because the mechanism responsible for crystalline nanofiber formation is intermolecular hydrogen bonding. In the monolayer on the water surface, only surfactant molecules having a hydroxyl group in the hydrophobic chain formed crystalline nanofibers. The introduction of hydroxyl groups into the hydrophobic chains also promoted a single-phase molecular conformation in 3D crystals. However, the absence of hydroxyl groups in the hydrophobic chain promoted the growth of the nanofibers in the cast film, whereas the introduction of hydroxyl groups in the hydrocarbons improves the thixotropic property itself. In addition, the epitaxial growth of nanofibers upon the addition of a growth aid was promoted by the absence of hydroxyl groups.
A Review of Accelerometer-based Activity Monitoring in Cancer Survivorship Research
Authors: PEDDLE-MCINTYRE CAROLYN J. , CAVALHERI VINICIUS , BOYLE TERRY , MCVEIGH JOANNE A. , JEFFERY EMILY , LYNCH BRIGID M. , VALLANCE JEFF K. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
In the cancer survivorship context, physical activity and sedentary behavior have been measured using different methods.

Purpose
To conduct a narrative review of published research in cancer survivor populations to summarize the quality and identify gaps in reporting on accelerometer data collection, data processing, and outcome measures in cancer survivors.

Methods
An initial PubMed® search of articles published in English was conducted in January 2017, and a final search was conducted in May 2017. Variables extracted included study characteristics, methods for accelerometry data collection (e.g., device used), data processing (e.g., cut points used), and data reporting (e.g., time spent in different activity intensities).

Results
A total of 46 articles were eligible for inclusion in the review. The majority of studies (34 of 46) targeted a single cancer group and 18 of these 34 studies were in survivors of breast cancer. Half (54%) of the studies used an ActiGraph® accelerometer. Methods of accelerometer data processing varied across studies. Definitions of non–wear time, vectors used during processing, and filters applied during processing were reported by 51%, 60%, and 8% of studies, respectively. Most studies reported moderate and vigorous physical activity (78%), 50% reported sedentary time, and 43% reported light-intensity activity. Cut points to categorize these activities varied between studies.

Conclusions
This narrative review highlights inconsistency in the methods used to collect, process, and report accelerometry data across cancer survivor studies. Accelerometry has potential to add detailed knowledge of the levels and patterns of physical activities and sedentary behaviors across the cancer spectrum. Recommendations are made to improve data processing and reporting methods to maximize the scientific validity of future accelerometer research in this field.
Individual Health Insurance Market with an Entrant – The ACA Health Insurance Exchange Observations
Authors: Shi Bo , Chen Wen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this paper, a general framework is built up to model the dynamic of consumer health plan choice and individual health insurance market competition. A primary goal is to identify driving forces to individual health insurance equilibrium market coverage and premium. In the baseline model, we introduce plan quality information search cost as an additional determinant to consumer’s plan choice. Health insurers compete under the Hotelling’s game theory framework. Equilibrium solutions of the baseline model highlight the importance of budget limit and information search cost to health plan enrollment. The more important objective is to examine the impact of market entrants on equilibrium insurance market coverage and plan prices. In the model with market entry, we add an additional dimension to the baseline model. Equilibrium solutions and numerical studies show positive impact of higher insurance market coverage and lower health plan prices. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) brought multiple unprecedented changes to the health insurance market and provided opportunities to study market dynamics and driving forces. The ACA health insurance exchange market experience shows consistency with our model findings even at the early stage of implementation. More importantly, market observations suggest that entry barriers of claim costs and information search cost are high for entrants.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Reactive Separation of Gallic Acid
Authors: Rewatkar Kalpana , Shende Diwakar Z. , Wasewar Kailas L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractReactive extraction of gallic acid (GA) from aqueous solution was studied using extractant TOA and Aliquat 336 in hexanol and a comparative analysis were made for optimum extractant-diluent system with two factor central composite design. The model equations were developed using 13 experimentations, each with TOA and Aliquat 336. TOA and Aliquat 336 gave antagonistic and synergistic effects respectively for extraction of GA. The optimum conditions were observed as CTOA= 8.6 %, CGA0= 2.9 g/L and CALQ= 33.2 %, CGA0= 3 g/L with experimental extraction of 92.2 % and 96.5 % respectively. Lesser TOA and its non-toxicity for extraction of GA as compared to Aliquat 336 suggest TOA as better candidate in the prevailing conditions.
Geometrical and electronic properties of PdWSin (n=10–20) semiconductor materials
Authors: Chen Rui , Lin Fan , Jin Hua , Zhao Run-Ning 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Geometries and electronic properties of PdWSin (n=10–20) clusters are investigated by density functional methods. According to our calculated results, it is obvious that tungsten (W)-encapsulated silicon frame determines the final PdWSin (n=10–20) forms because W and silicon (Si) interactions are stronger than palladium (Pd)-Si interactions. The electronic charges are transferred from the Si frame to W firstly and Pd finally, which is completely different from the homoatomic transition metal (TM)2-doped silicon clusters. The calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gaps exhibit that PdWSi12 has the biggest HOMO-LUMO gap.
Progress in the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles having manifold geometric forms
Authors: Mikhailov Oleg V. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe data on the specific synthesis of elemental silver nanoparticles having the forms of various geometric bodies (pseudo spherical, prismatic, cubic, trigonal-pyramidal, etc.), obtained by various chemical, physicochemical, and biological methods, have been systematized and generalized. This review covers mainly publications published in the current 21st century.
Analytical solution on dosage of self-healing capsules in materials with two-dimensional multi-shaped crack patterns
Authors: Lin Jianjun , Chen Huisu , Lv Zhong , Wang Yujiang 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article presents a numerical method for determining the dosage of pre-embedded capsules in self-healing materials with complex crack patterns. The crack distribution on the surface of materials is simplified into a two-dimensional (2D) multi-shaped geometrical structure composed of triangles, rhombuses, and hexagons with specified area fractions, and further decomposed into three separate mono-shaped crack systems. Then, the dosage of capsules required to heal the cracks in each mono-shaped crack system is computed. According to the area fraction of each mono-shaped polygon in the whole system, the integrated models of crack-hitting probability by the capsules and the capsule dosage for the multi-shaped crack system are derived. The analytical results reveal that the dosage of capsules significantly depends on the spatial distribution of the cracks and the ratio of the capsule length to the crack size. For a certain fixed crack pattern, the size and dosage of capsules will strongly affect crack healing efficiency.
Acute Cardiometabolic Responses to a Novel Training Rope Protocol in Children
Authors: Faigenbaum Avery D. , Kang Jie , Ratamess Nicholas A. , Farrell Anne , Golda Stephanie , Stranieri Andrew , Coe Jordan , Bush Jill A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Faigenbaum, AD, Kang, J, Ratamess, NA, Farrell, A, Golda, S, Stranieri, A, Coe, J, and Bush, JA. Acute cardiometabolic responses to a novel training rope protocol in children. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1197–1206, 2018—The purpose of this study was to quantify the acute cardiometabolic responses to a novel training rope (TR) protocol in children. Fifteen boys (10.6 ± 1.4 years) were tested for peak oxygen uptake (V̇o
2) on a treadmill and subsequently (2–7 days later) performed a progressive 10-minute protocol of 5 TR exercises (EX): EX1: standing side-to-side waves, EX2: seated alternating waves, EX3: standing alternating waves, EX4: jumping jacks, and EX5: double-arm slams. Participants performed 2 sets of each TR exercise for 30 seconds per set with a 30-second rest interval between sets and exercises. A 12.8-m TR (4.1 kg) was used for all trials, and a metronome was used to standardize cadence. Peak values for V̇o
2 and HR during the treadmill test were 47.4 ± 8.8 ml·kg−1·min−1 and 195.1 ± 6.6 b·min–1, respectively. During the TR protocol, mean V̇o
2 and HR significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) from set 1 of EX1 (10.3 ± 2.6 ml·kg−1·min−1 and 103.2 ± 11.6 b·min–1, respectively) to set 2 of EX5 (30.0 ± 3.9 ml·kg−1·min−1 and 168.6 ± 11.8 b·min–1, respectively). Percentage of peak V̇o
2 and peak HR values attained during the TR protocol ranged from 21.5 to 64.8% and from 52.9 to 86.4%, respectively. These descriptive data indicate that TR exercise can pose a moderate to vigorous cardiometabolic stimulus in children and with proper supervision and instruction may serve as a worthwhile complement to youth fitness programs.
Sepsis – infekcijos sukelti organų funkcijų sutrikimai, pavojingi gyvybei
Authors: Vosylius Saulius , Nekrašienė Milda 
Published: April 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Sepsis lemia blogas infekcijų baigtis, ypač kai laiku neatpažįstamas ir nepradedamas tinkamai gydyti. Ankstyva diagnozė ir laiku skirtas tinkamas gydymas yra būtinos sąlygos siekiant įveikti sepsį. Naujausi medicinos tyrimai patikslino sepsio patofiziologijos sutrikimus, tačiau gydytojai ir tyrėjai vis dar ginčijasi bandydami tiksliau apibrėžti sepsio diagnostinius kriterijus, ieško aiškesnių ir specifiškesnių požymių. 2016 m. paskelbtas sepsio ir sepsinio šoko diagnostikos Trečiasis tarptautinis sutarimas, kurio esminis skirtumas nuo ankstesnių sutarimų yra siekis kuo anksčiau pastebėti infekcijos sukeltus organų funkcijų sutrikimus. Ekspertų sutarimu atsisakyta sisteminio uždegiminio atsako sindromo ir sunkaus sepsio terminų. Lokali infekcija tampa sepsiu, kai dėl paciento išbalansuoto organizmo atsako į infekciją kyla organų funkcijų sutrikimų. Sepsinis šokasapibūdinamas kaip sepsis, esant atkakliai arterinei hipotenzijai, išliekančia infuzine terapija koregavus hipovolemiją, kai reikalinga vazopresorių infuzija, siekiant arterinio kraujo spaudimo normos, tačiau kartu reikia patvirtinti hiperlaktatemiją. Įvairių specialybių gydytojų ir mokslininkų kartu pasiūlyti atnaujinti sepsio diagnostiniai kriterijai yra žingsnis į priekį, skatinantis naujus epidemiologinius ir klinikinius tyrimus, diagnostikos ir gydymo kokybę gerinančias iniciatyvas
From Spontaneous Experience to the Cosmos: Arne Næss’ Phenomenology
Authors: Valera Luca 
Published: April 2018

[full article, abstract in English; only abstract in Lithuanian]
The aim of this paper is to focus on Arne Nass’s phenomenological method and some of its anthropological and cosmological implications. Nass’s Ecology, Community and Lifestyle, in fact, can be fruitfully read as an example of phenomenological inquiry, in which the notion of “spontaneous experience” plays a fundamental role. This method leads Nass to develop a “relational ontology,” in which the “ecological self” is seen as a “relational junction within the total field.” In addition, I show how Tymieniecka’s philosophical thought can offer us the proper eco-phenomenological perspective to better understand Nass’s Ecosophy T.
Aqueous IR Bagendit rice leaf extract decreases reticulocyte count in lead-exposed rats
Authors: Santosa Budi , Sunoko Henna Ria , Sukeksi Andri 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDLead acetate may inhibit the enzyme aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) resulting in decreased heme synthesis (and consequently in anemia) but in increased number of reticulocyte cells. IR Bagendit paddy leaf water extract has a high metallothionein protein content which acts to bind to lead. The study objective was to determine whether aqueous IR Bagendit rice leaf extract dosage variations prior to lead exposure decreases reticulocyte count in lead-exposed rats. METHODSThe study was of randomized post test only control-group design involving a sample of 28 rats, that were randomized into 4 groups consisting of 1 control group and 3 treatment groups, daily administered with aqueous IR Bagendit rice leaf extract of respectively 0.2; 0.4; 0.8 mg using a feeding tube up to week 13. Lead exposure was also given using a feeding tube to both control and treatment groups at a dose of 0.5 g/kg BW/day, up to week 13. The reticulocyte count was then examined using supravital brilliant cresyl blue staining. The reticulocyte count was determined per 1000 erythrocytes and then converted into a percentage. Kruskal Wallis test followed with Bonferroni test was conducted to figure out the differences between groups. RESULTSMean reticulocyte count decreased significantly, starting from the control group up to the third treatment group (15.48 ± 3.41; 12.25 ± 03.28; 10.45 ±1.47; 9.10 ± 2.35 average per unit) (p=0.02). The Bonferroni test showed that the reticulocyte count was significantly decreased in the third treatment group (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONAqueous rice leaf extract significantly decreases reticulocytes in rats exposed to lead.
A comparative study on quadrupedal and non-quadrupedal head position on recovery from chronic maxillary sinusitis in a tertiary hospital of Rohtas district, Bihar, India
Authors: Kumar Sujeet , Rai Tarkeshwar , Aslami Ahmad Nadeem , Alwa Bhaskar 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic rhino-sinusitis (CRS) is diagnosed in cases when symptoms are present for more than 12 weeks. Rhino-sinusitis manifests itself with a sudden onset of two or more symptoms, one of which is either nasal blockage or nasal discharge (anterior or posterior nasal drip). Position of maxillary ostia is high on their supero-medial walls, which may be suboptimal for natural drainage. Human maxillary sinuses exhibit better passive drainage through their ostia when tilted anteriorly to mimic a quadrupedal head position. Objective of this study is to evaluate the result and advantage of both quadrupedal and non-quadrupedal head position on recovery on CRS.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study consists of 100 patients which consists of group 1 (quadrupedal) and group 2 (non-quadrupedal head position), of CMS in whom assess the result based on the overall Quality of Life and CT scan findings after 6 weeks treatment with medical treatment. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The significant difference between the two groups was the group 1, had more males as compared with group 2.The scoring form used for CT scans reflected the Lund-Mackay staging system. Each maxillary sinus was scored separately and total scores were determined for right and left sides. No statistically significant differences in the scores were noted between the 2 groups at baseline and there were significant differences after 6 weeks of treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> CRS significantly impacts patients quality of life. From an analysis of quality of life and CT score, this study confirmed that quadrupedal head position significantly improved recovery from CMS. This study thus indicated that quadrupedal head position can be valuable adjuvant therapy for patients with CMS. </p>
Epistaxis in children: a clinical study
Authors: N. Ponraj Kumar , S. Rajasekar , V. J. Vikram 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Epistaxis is a common condition among children. Most cases are due to vascular fragility in the nasal vestibule aggravated by digital trauma. Epistaxis is rare below 2 years. 30% of children of all children between 0-5 years, 56% aged between 6-10 years, 64% of those aged between 11-15 years have had at least 1 episode of epistaxis in their lifetime.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective analysis was done on 56 patients of nasal bleed, at Institute of child health and Hospital for children / Madras Medical College, Chennai, between June 2015 - June 2016. The records of children were analysed. All the patients under went blood investigation. The statistical analysis was done for the age group. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were 56 cases of nasal bleed enrolled in our study, out of which 35 were boys and 21 girls. The most common age group was between 6-10 years accounting for 27 cases. In laterality of nasal bleed right side was common. The most common site in nostril noted was from little’s area of nasal septum in 27 cases. The most common cause was idiopathic in 15 cases. Most of the cases were managed conservatively.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Epistaxis is a common clinical condition among the paediatric age group. In all cases, ENT examination should be done to rule out nasal pathology or foreign body in nasal cavity and haematology workup is necessary. Majority of nasal bleed stops with digital pressure.</p>
A estrutura de capital de empresas de pequena dimensão em Portugal: uma abordagem segundo as teorias do Trade-off e da Pecking-order
Authors: Camfield Claudio Eduardo Ramos , Freitas Guilhermina Maria da Silva , Correia Marco Rafael Fernandes , Serrasqueiro Zélia 
Published: April 2018

Resumo: No corrente estudo analisaram-se os fatores explicativos das decisões de estrutura de capital das Pequenas Empresas (PEs) portuguesas, dado a estrutura de capital destas ter um interesse relevante ao nível econômico-social geral. Neste trabalho centrou-se na teoria Pecking-order (POT) e na teoria do Trade-off, considerando-as mutuamente explicativas e complementares, para avaliar o papel de um conjunto de fatores divididos em três níveis: os internos à empresa, os ligados ao mercado e os ligados ao sistema fiscal. Com base em uma amostra de 2.329 PEs portuguesas, os dados foram sujeitos a uma regressão multivariada. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a rentabilidade, a liquidez e a idade têm um impacto negativo e significativo no endividamento, evidenciando a importância dos princípios da teoria Pecking-order para as decisões de estrutura de capital das empresas portuguesas de menor dimensão. O relacionamento positivo entre a variável dimensão da empresa e o endividamento dá algum suporte à importância da teoria do Trade-off em contexto das decisões de estrutura de capital das pequenas empresas.Palavras-chave: Teoria Pecking-order. Teoria do Trade-off. Endividamento. Portugal. The small firms’ capital structure in Portugal: an approach to the Trade-off and Pecking-order theories Abstract: The present study analyzes the explanatory factors of the capital structure decisions of the Portuguese Small Companies (PEs), given that the capital structure of these companies has a relevant interest in the general economic-social level. This paper focuses on the Pecking-order (POT) theory and the Trade-off theory, considering them mutually explanatory and complementary, to evaluate the role of a set of factors divided into three levels: the internal to the company, market and the tax system. Based on a sample of 2.329 portuguese PEs, data were submitted to a multivariate regression. The results obtained show that profitability, liquidity and age have a significant impact on indebtedness, evidencing the importance of the principles of the pecking-order theory for the capital structure decisions of smaller portuguese firms. The positive relationship between the firm's variable size and indebtedness supports the importance of Trade-off theory in the context of the capital structure decisions of the companies analyzed.Keywords: Pecking-order theory. Trade-off theory. Debt. Portugal.