bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadmium and Lead in Grey Wolf Liver Samples: Optimisation of a Microwaveassisted Digestion Method
Authors: Vihnanek Lazarus Maja , Sekovanić Ankica , Kljaković-Gašpić Zorana , Orct Tatjana , Jurasović Jasna , Kusak Josip , Reljić Slaven , Huber Đuro 
Published: May 2018

Abstract A microwave-assisted digestion method for the determination of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was optimised on certified reference material (CRM) (bovine liver, BCR-185R) and wolf liver samples. Different factors influencing digestion efficiency (temperature, time, composition of the digestion mixture, sample mass) were tested. Validation included linearity (up to 200 μg L-1 for Cd and Pb), detection (0.003 μg L-1 for Cd and 0.035 μg L-1 for Pb), and quantification (0.008 μg L-1 for Cd and 0.081 μg L-1 for Pb) limits. Good agreement between measured and certified values was achieved in all conditions, with recoveries ranging from 94 % to 111 % for Cd and from 95 % to 105 % for Pb. The precision of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation, was up to 3 % for Cd and 8 % for Pb. The best digestion parameters (260 °C, 30 min, 1 mL HNO3+4 mL H2O, 0.1 g of CRM) based on accuracy and precision were applied on two wolf liver samples to evaluate the need for the predigestion step (freeze-drying) and appropriate mass of the sample. Freeze-drying improved precision and minimising the tissue mass to 0.1 g reduced the matrix effect. Using these optimised digestion conditions, we determined Cd and Pb in 40 wolf livers collected in Croatia, and their medians (0.055 μg g-1 and 0.107 μg g-1, respectively) were in the range of previously reported data for the grey wolf.
Indoor PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and Outdoor PM2.5 Concentrations in Primary Schools in Sari, Iran
Authors: Mohammadyan Mahmoud , Shabankhani Bijan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract This study was carried out to determine the distribution of particles in classrooms in primary schools located in the centre of the city of Sari, Iran and identify the relationship between indoor classroom particle levels and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations. Outdoor PM2.5 and indoor PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were monitored using a real-time Micro Dust Pro monitor and a GRIMM monitor, respectively. Both monitors were calibrated by gravimetric method using filters. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that all indoor and outdoor data fitted normal distribution. Mean indoor PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations for all of the classrooms were 17.6 μg m-3, 46.6 μg m-3, 400.9 μg m-3, and 36.9 μg m-3, respectively. The highest levels of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured at the Shahed Boys School (69.1 μg m-3 and 115.8 μg m-3, respectively). The Kazemi school had the lowest levels of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 (29.1 μg m-3 and 15.5 μg m-3, respectively). In schools located near both main and small roads, the association between indoor fine particle (PM2.5 and PM1) and outdoor PM2.5 levels was stronger than that between indoor PM10 and outdoor PM2.5 levels. Mean indoor PM2.5 and PM10 and outdoor PM2.5 were higher than the standards for PM2.5 and PM10, and there was a good correlation between indoor and outdoor fine particle concentrations.
Leisure Traveling for 21st Century Americans: Mass Tourism as a Cultural Trap
Authors: Aniculăese Ovidiu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The majority of mass men in the American environment exhibit predictable and similar patterns of behavior as tourists. Pre-Industrial Revolution modes of traveling as liberation and exploration are now thwarted by the leveling effect of globalization and the illusion of information fueled by the all-pervasive mass media. Claims about the role of routine or the quest for authenticity are challenged as genuine motivations for mass tourism. Both the American culture and travel destinations in developing countries have authentic content that is largely ignored in favor of sensationalism and cliché. Excessive regimentation in the US creates the acute need for transcending to which popular culture finds accessible solutions through tourism: an experience of concentrated yet vague exoticism which feels liberating without yielding exploration. Travel destinations are shaped to American standards of material comfort and even adopt western popular culture icons in an effort to supply accessible familiar experiences of western entertainment. Various kinds of difficulty that once stimulated travelers are now relieved by travel agencies, rendering the experience of traveling less personal and more like TV entertainment. Old notions of space, time and reality itself are blurred in favor of a hyper-reality where fiction dominates.
Heart Rate Variability and Electrodermal Activity as Noninvasive Indices of Sympathovagal Balance in Response to Stress
Authors: Visnovcova Zuzana , Calkovska A. , Tonhajzerova I. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a principal regulatory system for maintaining homeostasis, adaptability and physiological flexibility of the organism at rest as well as in response to stress. In the aspect of autonomic regulatory inputs on the cardiovascular system, recent research is focused on the study of exaggerated/diminished cardiovascular reactivity in response to mental stress as a risk factor for health complications, e.g. hypertension. Thus, the analysis of biological signals reflecting a physiological shift in sympathovagal balance during stress in the manner of vagal withdrawal associated with sympathetic overactivity is important. The heart rate variability, i.e. “beat-to-beat” oscillations of heart rate around its mean value, reflects mainly complex neurocardiac parasympathetic control. The electrodermal activity could represent “antagonistic” sympathetic activity, the so-called “sympathetic arousal” in response to stress. The detailed study of the physiological parameters under various stressful stimuli and in recovery phase using traditional and novel mathematical analyses could reveal discrete alterations in sympathovagal balance. This article summarizes the importance of heart rate variability and electrodermal activity assessment as the potential noninvasive indices indicating autonomic nervous system activity in response to mental stress.
A morphometric analysis of the postanatal development of the choroid plexus epithelium in the male and female rat
Authors: Malobabić Slobodan , Jovanović Ivan , Lozanče Olivera , Ugrenović Sladjana , Zorić Zoran , Filipović Branislav 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Morphometric parameters of the lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial cells (average area, perimeter, bounding rectangle area, average nuclear area, nuclear perimeter, nuclear circularity and average nucleocytoplasmic ratio) were studied in postnatal and juvenile (10th, 16th and 38th postnatal days) 15 male and 15 female rats. The results were statistically analyzed by factorial ANOVA.
Mean values of epithelial cells area, bounding rectangle area and perimeter were significantly higher in 16 days old, than in 10 and 38 days old rats. Opposite to this, the nucleocytoplasmic ratio was lower in the 16 days old, than in 10 and 38 days old rats. Average nuclear area and perimeter showed similar trends, while nuclear circularity increased from the 10th to the 38th day. Significant sex differences were in the epithelial cells area, bounding rectangle area and perimeter, being higher in males than in females in both 16 and 38 days groups. Nucleocytoplasmic ratio was higher in 10 days old male rats, but lower in 16 and 38 days old male rats.
Generally, choroid epithelial cells size increased on the 16th and then decreased on the 38th day, but still remained higher compared to the 10th day. Nuclear size after increasing on day 16, also decreased on day 38, but to values lower than on day 10. The general decrease of nucleocytoplasmic ratio which accompanied these changes indirectly suggests a functional decrease. In the investigated period the male rat choroid epithelial cells were larger, but their nucleocytoplasmic ratio, which suggests the functional status, was lower than in females, indicating sex differences in the growth dynamics of the rat choroid plexus.
Hematological and Serum Biochemical Reference Values for the Posavina and Croatian Coldblood Horse Breeds
Authors: Pađen Lana , Gomerčić Tomislav , Đuras Martina , Arbanasić Haidi , Galov Ana 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this study the hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of indigenous Croatian working horse breeds were investigated. The Posavina and Croatian Coldblood horses are adapted to harsh environmental conditions and their blood parameters might differ from other horse breeds. The study was carried out on 100 mares and 12 stallions of ages from 2 to 19 years. Fifteen hematological and 19 biochemical parameters were analysed. Values of 22 parameters showed considerable overlapping with values obtained for other horse breeds, and substantial resemblance is evident with values reported for Pakistani working horses. Several reference values showed statistically significant effect of sex (Hb, ALB, CREA, TBIL and Ca where significantly higher in stallions; EOS, CK, ALP, UREA and Mg were significantly higher in mares). None of the parameters studied showed any differences associated with age. The adaptation of Posavina and Croatian Coldblood horses to the harsh environment of flooded pastures and the way of breeding might be reflected in their specific reference values. The obtained results enabled the establishment of hematological and biochemical reference values in the blood of Posavina and Croatian Coldblood horses that will in turn support clinical diagnosis and further research into horse physiology.
Result of Endoscopically Assisted Gastropexy in Dogs
Authors: Arican Mustafa , Parlak Kurtuluş , Ince Mehmet Ege , Güzelbekteş Hasan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of endoscopy jointly with gastropexy in dogs as a potential mean to aid prevention and evaluation of the long-term efficiency of this procedure for gastric dilatation-volvulus.
The study was performed on ten healthy adult medium- and large-breed dogs. The dogs had no abnormal finding upon physical examination and each underwent an endoscopically assisted gastropexy procedure. After surgery all dogs were in good condition. The surgical procedure was followed by x-ray and ultrasonographic examinations. The records included data for gastropexy anatomic location and length, duration of the surgical procedure and complications.
The mean ± SD gastropexy length was 3.0 ± 0.25 cm, as determined by ultrasonography, and the mean duration of the surgical procedure was 20 ± 5 minutes.
It appears that endoscopically assisted gastropexy is a simple, fast, safe, and reliable method of performing a prophylactic gastropexy in dogs. This procedure maximizes the benefits of decreased morbidity and shorter duration of anaesthesia associated with minimally invasive surgery.
On Egnos Monitoring in Local Conditions
Authors: Felski Andrzej , Nowak Aleksander 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Any SBAS system should deliver to the user corrections to pseudoranges as well as information about the system integrity. In theory, as soon as the system is permanently monitored by RIMS stations, it is impossible to deliver the fault information to the user. However many observations shows that accuracy of EGNOS service in the same time are different in different places, which shows the influence of local conditions on them. In addition evidences on possibilities in jamming or spoofing of GPS signals should be seriously taken into account. According to many sources of information, among them observations of authors, present accuracy of EGNOS service has better than declared. In fact EGNOS accuracy is about 1,5m (95%), but availability of the service happens still controversial and it has random character. According to reports essential differences as well as lack of correlation of this parameter in the different point of observations has been observed. So in author’s opinion Local Monitoring of EGNOS service can contribute to better confidence of local users, especially in critical operations, like for example berthing of big ships or in landing operations with EGNOS procedures. An example of such system which works in real time has been elaborated in Polish Naval Academy and will be presented.
Simple sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability of positive linear systems for any switchings
Authors: Kaczorek T. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The asymptotic stability of positive switched linear systems for any switchings is addressed. Simple sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of positive switched continuous-time and discrete-time linear systems are established. It is shown that the positive switched continuous-time (discrete-time) system is asymptotically stable for any switchings if the sum of entries of every column of the matrices of subsystems is negative (less than 1)
Stability analysis for discrete-time fractional-order LTI state-space systems. Part I: New necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability
Authors: Stanisławski R. , Latawiec K.J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a series of new results on the asymptotic stability of discrete-time fractional difference (FD) state space systems and their finite-memory approximations called finite FD (FFD) and normalized FFD (NFFD) systems. In Part I, new, general, necessary and sufficient stability conditions are introduced in a unified form for FD/FFD/NFFD-based systems. In Part II, an original, simple, analytical stability criterion is offered for FD-based systems, and the result is used to develop simple, efficient, numerical procedures for testing the asymptotic stability for FFD-based and, in particular, NFFD-based systems. Consequently, the so-called f-poles and f-zeros are introduced for FD-based system and their closed-loop stability implications are discussed
Bioactivity of cement type bone substitutes
Authors: Siek D. , Czechowska J. , Mróz W. , Zima A. , Burdyńska S. , Załęczny R. , Ślósarczyk A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In vitro chemical stability and bioactivity of three different cement type bone substitutes were determined by incubating cement samples in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 and 28 days. Morphology of sample surfaces has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was applied as a supplementary method. The development of bone-like apatite layers on the surface depended on their initial phase composition. Obtained cements showed good surgical handiness, high bioactive potential and were chemically stable. They seem to be promising materials for bone substitution.
Effect of the mathematical model and integration step on the accuracy of the results of computation of artillery projectile flight parameters
Authors: Baranowski L. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In the paper the three different mathematical models of motion of a spin-stabilized, conventional artillery projectile, possessing at least trigonal symmetry, have been introduced. The vector six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) differential equations of motion are an updated edition of those published by Lieske and McCoy and are consistent with STANAG 4355 (Ed. 3). The mathematical models have been used to developing software for simulating the flight of the Denel 155mm Assegai M2000 series artillery projectile and to conduct comprehensive research of the influence of the applied model and integration step on the accuracy and time of computation of projectile trajectory.
Modeling residual stresses generated in Ti coatings thermally sprayed on Al2O3 substrates
Authors: Zimmerman J. , Lindemann Z. , Golański D. , Chmielewski T. , Włosiński W. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
There is described a method of modeling by the finite element method the residual stresses induced during thermal deposition of coatings. The simulation was performed in two stages. The first dynamic stage simulated the impacts of the individual particles of the coating material onto the substrate, and the next static stage included a non-linear thermo-mechanical analysis intended for simulating the process of layer-by-layer deposition of the coating, with a specified thickness, and then cooling the entire system to the ambient temperature. In the computations, the samples were assumed to be cylindrical in shape and composed of an Al2O3 substrate and a titanium coating (with three different thicknesses) deposited using the detonation method. The correctness of the numerical model was verified experimentally by measuring the deflections of a real Ti coating/Al2O3 substrate sample with the Ti coating detonation-sprayed on the ceramic substrate, after cooling it to the ambient temperature. The experimental results appeared to be in good agreement with those obtained by the numerical computations.
Staphylococcal Species Detected in Free-Living Trouts of East Slovakian Water Sources and their Relation to Antimicrobials
Authors: Lauková Andrea , Kandričáková Anna , Strompfová Viola , Chacornac Jean-Paul , Léroy Sabine , Žitňan Rudolf 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to isolate and identify staphylococci from the intestinal samples of 24 trouts from East Slovakian waters. Moreover, their relation to antimicrobials was tested. The count of staphylococci in the trouts reached in average 4.0 x 101 colony forming units per gram. Twenty-two strains were identified by validated species-specific oligonucleotide array targeting the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase-sodA gene. The identified strains were allotted to five species (Staphylococcus warneri, S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. pasteuri) clustered to three groups according to 16S rRNA sequences (S. epidermidis group, S. haemolyticus group, S. warneri group). These species belong to coagulase-negative staphylococci. All strains were sensitive to eight antibiotics out of 14 tested; the majority of strains were also sensitive to the remaining six antibiotics with the inhibitory zones from 13 to 41 mm. The strains were also sensitive at least to three enterocins of nine tested. Strains SW24/2, SHo 19/2, SHo20/1, SP19/1 were sensitive to eight of nine enterocins. All strains were sensitive to Ent A, P=EK13, and Ent EM41 with activity 100-6400 AU/mL. Strains SHo19/2 and SP19/1 were sensitive to Ent 2019 with activity up to 25600 AU/mL.
Influence of β-Glucan (Macrogard®) on Innate Immunity of Carp Fry
Authors: Sych Ganna , Frost Patrick , Irnazarow Ilgiz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
β-glucan (Macrogard®) was administrated to enhance the immunity and growth of Cyprinus carpio fry. The whole body homogenate of fish sampled with one week intervals during 2nd - 6th weeks post hatching was assayed for the total protein content, lysozyme activity, α-2-macroglobulin content, classical complement pathway activation, and weight gain. After the 3rd week of experimental feeding, the total protein content and the classical complement activity of fish fed β-glucan supplemented diet were higher than controls. Significantly higher lysozyme activity and α-2-macroglobulin levels were noted in group fed β-glucan at the 2nd and 3rd week of diet application. It was demonstrated that β-glucan enriched feeding increased the immunity of common carp at the earliest stages of their development.
Analysis of Chosen Blood Indicators of Warm-Blooded and Cold-Blooded Foals in the Period from Birth Till Weaning
Authors: Pomorska Agnieszka 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of the research was to obtain “native” referential values for the indicators of the red and white blood cell systems and platelet indicators in the clinically healthy foals of purebred Arabs and Polish cold-blooded breed, in the period from birth till weaning. The morphological examination was performed ex tempore with help of the automatic haematological analyser. The obtained results demonstrate that the majority of haematological indicators of the red blood cell and white blood cell systems of warm-blooded foals, especially in the first 2-3 months of their life, are statistically higher. It can be assumed that within the indicators of the white blood cell system, the statistically important differences between the groups occur rarely, as do mutual (interfactor) correlative connections or the trends comparable for both groups.
Clinical Comparative Evaluation of the V-Cut Pelvic Ostectomy in the Management of Canine Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Yaprakci Mustafa Volkan , Galanty Marek , Siewruk Katarzyna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The operational method (V-cut pelvic ostectomy) was applied on seven dogs. Pubic symphysis was cut in an inverted “V” fashion and a bone gap occurred between pelvic halves. The gap was reduced by contracting both sides of the pelvis. A new pubic symphysis developed. Results were evaluated with radiographs and different clinical and orthopedic tests. Radiographic measures between mutual parts of pelvic bone showed a marked increase in Norberg angles and diminishing in Bardens, Barlow, and Ortolani orthopedic tests after operations. Principal conclusion: V-cut pelvic ostectomy was found to be a successful operation technique in treatment of canine hip dysplasia.
Determination of Pamidronate in Bisphosphonate-Enriched Bone Cement by Ion-Pair Hplc and Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Matuszewski Łukasz , Matuszewska Anna , Mazurkiewicz Tomasz , Polkowska Izabela , Jaszek Magdalena , Grąz Marcin , Gągała Jacek 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The presence of pamidronate during local use of bisphosphonates (BP)-enriched bone cement was determined. The question was whether pamidronate implanted into the bone cement is eluted. The study was performed on 10 probes of BP-enriched bone cement located in 0.9% NaCl. The probes were incubated for 3 and 6 weeks. Ion-pair HPLC was used for the detection of pamidronate. Then, capillary electrophoresis was applied for quantitative analysis of pamidronate in the 3rd and 6th week after incubation. The presence of pamidronate, eluted from BP-enriched bone cement into 0.9% NaCl solution 3 and 6 weeks after incubation, was demonstrated. These results may explain the changes in the level of cytokine RANKL and bone turnover marker osteoprotegrin in rats’ serum treated with BP-enriched bone cement 3 and 6 weeks after surgery. The possibility of effective local use of BP-enriched bone cement in veterinary medicine was underlined. The results, and the former conducted research, point out that the clinical applications of BP-enriched bone cement in vivo may have some validity in the future.