bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of tongue‐palate contact mode on food transport during mastication
Authors: Iizumi T. , Yoshino M. , Kagaya H. , Hori K. , Ono T. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe physiological mechanisms underlying Stage II transport (STII), during which comminuted solid food is transported from the oral cavity into the meso‐pharynx for aggregation into a pre‐swallow bolus, have yet to be clarified. The purpose of the present study was to investigate relationships between tongue‐palate contact during mastication and incidence of STII by synchronised analysis of tongue pressure production on a hard palate and video‐endoscopic (VE) images during mastication. Tongue pressure at 5 measuring points with an ultra‐thin sensor sheet attached to the hard palate and trans‐nasal VE images while masticating corned beef was recorded for 12 healthy subjects. All recordings were divided into 2 groups: mastication with STII and without STII. Tongue pressure duration was longer at the anterior‐median part in the group with STII than in the group without STII. Integrated values of tongue pressure were greater at the anterior‐median parts and posterior circumferential part in the group with STII. Integrated values of tongue pressure per second were greater in late‐stage mastication than in early‐stage mastication in the group with STII. These results suggest that the tongue‐palate contacting at the anterior‐median and post‐circumferential parts of the hard palate is related with the incidence of STII.
Thymol inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma growth via mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis
Authors: De La Chapa Jorge J. , Singha Prajjal Kanti , Lee Debbie R. , Gonzales Cara B. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThymol is a transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 channel, (TRPA1) agonist found in thyme and oregano. Thymol has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties; thus, thymol is added to many commercially available products including Listerine mouthwash. Thymol is also cytotoxic to HL‐60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) cells in vitro. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of thymol against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its anticancer mechanism‐of‐action.MethodsThe antiproliferative effects of thymol in OSCC Cal27 cells were determined by MTS assays. Antitumor effects were evaluated in Cal27‐ and HeLa‐derived mouse xenografts. Calcium imaging, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) studies, and Western blot analysis of cleaved PARP (c‐PARP) evaluated thymol's mechanism‐of‐action.ResultsThymol had significant, long‐lasting antiproliferative effects in vitro. In vivo, thymol displayed significant antitumor effects in Cal27‐derived tumors. Thymol's anticancer effects were confirmed in HeLa‐derived xenografts demonstrating that thymol effects are not tumor‐type specific. Calcium imaging verified calcium influx in Cal27 cells that were reversed with the TRPA1 antagonist, HC030031. However, no calcium influx was seen in HeLa cells indicating that TRP channels do not regulate thymol cytotoxicity. This was confirmed using cell viability assays in which pre‐treatment with HC030031 had no effect on thymol cytotoxicity. Instead, ΔΨm studies revealed that thymol induces significant ΔΨm depolarization and apoptosis.ConclusionOur findings provide the first evidence of thymol's novel antitumor effects against OSCC in vivo, which do not rely on TRPA1 activity. Instead, we show that thymol induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis and may be efficacious against multiple cancers.
Evaluating Links Among Shyness, Peer Relations, and Internalizing Problems in Chinese Young Adolescents
Authors: Liu Junsheng , Bowker Julie C. , Coplan Robert J. , Yang Panpan , Li Dan , Chen Xinyin 
Published: May 2018

This study evaluates a model linking shyness, aspects of peer relations, and internalizing problems among young adolescents in the People's Republic of China. Participants were 547 young adolescents from Shanghai, China (46% boys; Mage = 10.35 years, SD = 0.77 years) who completed peer nominations of shyness, rejection, and victimization, and self‐report measures of loneliness, depression, and friendship support. Analyses demonstrated that peer difficulties (rejection, victimization) mediated the associations between shyness and internalizing problems. However, moderated mediation analyses revealed a protective effect for highly supportive friendships, especially for boys. Findings highlight the importance of considering different types of peer experiences in studies of shy young adolescents and are discussed in terms of importance to theory and intervention in China and elsewhere.
New reference standards for pungency intensity evaluation based on human sensory differentiations
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Wang Houyin , Shi Bolin , Liu Longyun , Chen Zhongxiu , Zhao Lei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to establish a reference standard for pungency intensity evaluation based on the extent to which humans differentiate sensory qualities. Commercial essential oil extracted from Sichuan pepper was chosen as the reference sample. The recognition threshold, just noticeable difference, and terminal threshold were determined to obtain the Weber fraction of perceived pungency. The calculated Weber fraction was stable at 0.15 for low (0.030–0.50 mg essential oil per 1 ml) and 0.20 for moderate (0.50–1.0 mg per 1 ml) pungency. We also studied the relationship between stimulus concentration and sensory intensity via magnitude estimation method and found that the exponent of pungency was 0.71. We calculated JND (just noticeable difference) to be 25 and sensory differentiations as 12 based on the Weber‐fraction and exponent of power function, and acquired the reference standard in a 15‐cm linear scale. We also confirmed the utility of the reference standard with a panel evaluation on three pungent foods, the results of which showed favorable repeatability.Practical applicationsSichuan cuisine and pungent food are not only tremendously popular in China, but across the world's population. There is a general lack of standards—especially standards that are applicable internationally—for evaluating pungency intensity. By far the most useful technique for sensory measurement is the direct application of rating scales for the perceived intensity of sensations. To establish a reference standard will not only provide a scientific basis for flavor design, development of pungent food products, quality control, and consumer choices, but also promote the use of Sichuan pepper and the development of related industries in China and other countries.
Molecular characterization of a new badnavirus associated with streak symptoms on enset (Ensete ventricosum, Musaceae)
Authors: Abraham Adane , Winter Stephan , Richert‐Pöggeler Katja R. , Menzel Wulf 
Published: May 2018

AbstractElectron microscopy of leaf samples displaying streak symptoms from enset (Ensete ventricosum), a banana‐like plant widely cultivated in Ethiopia, showed the presence of bacilliform shaped virions as known for badnaviruses. DNA extracts subjected to rolling circle amplification (RCA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloning and sequence analysis revealed that the virus has a circular double‐stranded DNA genome of 7,163 nucleotides encoding predicted proteins of 21.5 kDa, 14.5 kDa and 202.5 kDa, a genome organization known for badnaviruses. The virus is phylogenetically most closely related to Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe D virus with a nucleotide sequence identity of 77.2% at the conserved RT/RNase‐H region and 73.6% for the whole genome. Following the current species demarcation criteria, the virus should be considered as an isolate of a new species in the genus Badnavirus for which the name Enset leaf streak virus (ELSV) is suggested. Leaf samples from enset and banana were screened using virus‐specific primers, and ELSV was detected in six of 40 enset but not found in any of 61 banana samples. On the other hand, Banana streak OL virus (BSOLV) was detected from the majority (60%) of symptomatic banana samples but not from enset samples. This paper reports the first full‐genome sequence of a putative new badnavirus species infecting plants in the genus Ensete. In addition, this is the first report of the occurrence of BSOLV in Ethiopia.
Gingipains disrupt F‐actin and cause osteoblast apoptosis via integrin β1
Authors: Qiu Q. , Zhang F. , Wu J. , Xu N. , Liang M. 
Published: May 2018

Background and ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the cellular mechanisms underlying gingipain‐caused changes in cell morphology and apoptosis of osteoblasts.Material and MethodsHuman calvarial osteoblasts and mouse osteoblasts MC3T3‐E1 were treated with gingipain extracts from Porphyromonas gingivalis stain W83. Apoptosis was detected with annexin V and propidium iodide flow cytometry analysis or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling staining. F‐actin was determined by immunostaining. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression. Knocking down and overexpressing approaches were used to determine the role of integrin β1.ResultsOsteoblasts exposed to gingipain extracts displayed increased apoptosis, accompanied by loss of F‐actin integrity and cell shrinkage. The effects of gingipain extracts were abolished by the cysteine protease inhibitor N‐tosyl‐l‐lysyl chloromethyl‐ketone. Notably, gingipain extracts resulted in reduction of integrin β1, accompanied by diminished active RhoA whereas without effect on the total RhoA. Knockdown of integrin β1 resembled those seen in gingipain‐treated osteoblasts. By contrast, the effects of gingipain extracts were abrogated by either overexpression of integrin β1 or presence of RhoA agonist CN03.ConclusionGingipain‐induced F‐actin disruption and apoptosis are mediated by the degradation of integrin β1 and inhibition of RhoA activity, which account for osteoblast apoptosis.
The directional and non‐directional associations of periodontitis with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Zhao D. , Khawaja A. T. , Jin L. , Li K.‐Y. , Tonetti M. , Pelekos G. 
Published: May 2018

This systematic review aimed to assess the current evidence on the directional and non‐directional associations of periodontitis with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Electronic search for observational studies on the association of periodontitis with CKD was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Open GREY and Cochrane library up to June 5, 2017. Two reviewers conducted study selection, data collection and assessment of methodological quality using the original and modified Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Cohort, case‐control and cross‐sectional studies were included, which clearly defined periodontitis and CKD or reported acceptable clinical parameters of these 2 diseases in adults. Meta‐analysis was employed to estimate the pooled odds ratio on the non‐directional association and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for the directional association. Among 2530 potential eligible articles, 47 were finally included. Most of them investigated a non‐directional association of periodontitis with CKD, including 7 case‐control studies and 38 cross‐sectional studies; 24 studies had statistical analysis on the non‐directional association and 75% of them reported significant results, which were supported further by the meta‐analysis (random: odds ratio = 2.12, P < .001; χ2 = 25.74, I2 = 88.3%). None of the studies focused on the directional association of CKD (as the exposure) with periodontitis (as the outcome), whereas 2 retrospective cohort studies explored a directional association of periodontitis (as the exposure) with CKD (as the outcome) (random: IRR=2.10, P > .05; fixed: IRR=1.76, P < .05; χ2 = 4.65, I2 = 78.3%). Overall, the high heterogeneity of studies limits the significance of these results. There is substantial evidence on the non‐directional association of periodontitis with CKD, while there are limited studies on the directional association. Well‐designed prospective studies with longer follow‐ups in representative communities are needed to clarify the directional association and enhance the quality of the evidence on this topic.
Periodontitis and dental scaling associated with pyogenic liver abscess: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Yeh Y.‐T. , Wang B.‐Y. , Lin C.‐W. , Yang S.‐F. , Ho S.‐W. , Yeh H.‐W. , Huang J.‐Y. , Chang Y.‐C. , Yeh C.‐B. 
Published: May 2018

Background and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between periodontitis, dental scaling (DS) and pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs).Material and MethodsA nationwide population‐based case‐control study was applied using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We identified and enrolled 691 PLA patients, who were individually matched by age and sex to 2764 controls.ResultsConditional logistic regression was applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) in patients with exposure to periodontitis and DS before PLA. After adjusting for other confounding factors, periodontitis remained a risk factor for PLA among patients aged 20‐40 years, with an aOR of 2.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37‐3.90, P = .0018). In addition, the average aOR for PLA was significantly lower among patients with one DS (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.59‐0.96) and more than one DS (aOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39‐0.95) within 1 year before the index date.ConclusionAccording to these results, we concluded that adult patients with periodontitis aged <50 years old are more at risk for PLA than controls, particularly when they have no DS. Moreover, from 20 years of age, non‐periodontal patients subjected to at least 2 DS per year are less at risk for PLA than controls.
Identification of TOEFAZ1‐interacting proteins reveals key regulators of Trypanosoma brucei cytokinesis
Authors: Hilton Nicholas A. , Sladewski Thomas E. , Perry Jenna A. , Pataki Zemplen , Sinclair‐Davis Amy N. , Muniz Richard S. , Tran Holly L. , Wurster Jenna I. , Seo Jiwon , de Graffenried Christopher L. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe protist parasite Trypanosoma brucei is an obligate extracellular pathogen that retains its highly polarized morphology during cell division and has evolved a novel cytokinetic process independent of non‐muscle myosin II. The polo‐like kinase homolog TbPLK is essential for transmission of cell polarity during division and for cytokinesis. We previously identified a putative TbPLK substrate named Tip of the Extending FAZ 1 (TOEFAZ1) as an essential kinetoplastid‐specific component of the T. brucei cytokinetic machinery. We performed a proximity‐dependent biotinylation identification (BioID) screen using TOEFAZ1 as a means to identify additional proteins that are involved in cytokinesis. Using quantitative proteomic methods, we identified nearly 500 TOEFAZ1‐proximal proteins and characterized 59 in further detail. Among the candidates, we identified an essential putative phosphatase that regulates the expression level and localization of both TOEFAZ1 and TbPLK, a previously uncharacterized protein that is necessary for the assembly of a new cell posterior, and a microtubule plus‐end directed orphan kinesin that is required for completing cleavage furrow ingression. The identification of these proteins provides new insight into T. brucei cytokinesis and establishes TOEFAZ1 as a key component of this essential and uniquely configured process in kinetoplastids.
On the Stability of Euro Area Money Demand and Its Implications for Monetary Policy
Authors: Barigozzi Matteo , Conti Antonio M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe employ a recent time‐varying cointegration test to revisit the usefulness of long‐run money demand equations for the ECB, addressing the issue of their instability by means of a model evaluation exercise. Building on the results, we make a twofold contribution. First, we propose a novel stable money demand equation relying on two crucial factors: a speculative motive, represented by domestic and foreign price‐earnings ratios, and a precautionary motive, measured by changes in unemployment. Second, we use the model to derive relevant policy implications for the ECB, since excess liquidity looks more useful for forecasting stock market busts than future inflation. Overall, this evidence points to (i) a possible evolution of the monetary pillar in the direction of pursuing financial stability and (ii) the exclusion of a sudden liquidity–driven inflationary burst after the exit from the prolonged period of unconventional monetary measures.
Unanticipated hospital admission in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing ambulatory noncardiac surgical procedures
Authors: Yuki Koichi , Koutsogiannaki Sophia , Lee Sandra , DiNardo James A. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundAn increasing number of surgical and nonsurgical procedures are being performed on an ambulatory basis in children. Analysis of a large group of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing ambulatory procedures has not been undertaken.AimsThe objective of this study was to characterize the profile of children with congenital heart disease who underwent noncardiac procedures on an ambulatory basis at our institution, to determine the incidence of adverse cardiovascular and respiratory adverse events, and to determine the risk factors for unscheduled hospital admission.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of children with congenital heart disease who underwent noncardiac procedures on an ambulatory basis in a single center. Using the electronic preoperative anesthesia evaluation form, we identified 3010 patients with congenital heart disease who underwent noncardiac procedures of which 1028 (34.1%) were scheduled to occur on an ambulatory basis. Demographic, echocardiographic and functional status data, cardiovascular and respiratory adverse events, and reasons for postprocedure admission were recorded. Univariable analysis was conducted.ResultsThe unplanned hospital admission was 2.7% and univariable analysis demonstrated that performance of an echocardiogram within 6 mo of the procedure and procedures performed in radiology were associated with postoperative admission. Cardiovascular adverse event incidence was 3.9%. Respiratory adverse event incidence was 1.8%.ConclusionAmbulatory, noncomplex procedures can be performed in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease and good functional status with a relatively low unanticipated hospital admission rate.
BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy eliminates Nestin‐expressing melanoma cells in human tumors
Authors: Doxie Deon B. , Greenplate Allison R. , Gandelman Jocelyn S. , Diggins Kirsten E. , Roe Caroline E. , Dahlman Kimberly B. , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Kelley Mark C. , Irish Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLittle is known about the in vivo impacts of targeted therapy on melanoma cell abundance and protein expression. Here, 21 antibodies were added to an established melanoma mass cytometry panel to measure 32 cellular features, distinguish malignant cells, and characterize dabrafenib and trametinib responses in BRAFV600mut melanoma. Tumor cells were biopsied before neoadjuvant therapy and compared to cells surgically resected from the same site after 4 weeks of therapy. Approximately 50,000 cells per tumor were characterized by mass cytometry and computational tools t‐SNE/viSNE, FlowSOM, and MEM. The resulting single‐cell view of melanoma treatment response revealed initially heterogeneous melanoma tumors were consistently cleared of Nestin‐expressing melanoma cells. Melanoma cell subsets that persisted to week 4 were heterogeneous but expressed SOX2 or SOX10 proteins and specifically lacked surface expression of MHC I proteins by MEM analysis. Traditional histology imaging of tissue microarrays from the same tumors confirmed mass cytometry results, including persistence of NES‐ SOX10+ S100β+ melanoma cells. This quantitative single‐cell view of melanoma treatment response revealed protein features of malignant cells that are not eliminated by targeted therapy.
A comparison of quality parameters of fresh feline ejaculates collected by three different collection techniques
Authors: Jelinkova Klara , Vitasek Roman , Novotny Robert , Bartoskova Alena 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of our study was to compare the quality parameters of fresh feline ejaculates collected by three different techniques—urethral catheterization after medetomidine administration (CT), electroejaculation (EE) and epididymal slicing after orchiectomy (EP). A total of 34 adult male cats (Felis catus) were included in the study. In all male cats, the sperm collection was performed under general anaesthesia by three collection methods in the following order: urethral catheterization, electroejaculation and epididymal slicing. The sperm parameters evaluated were as follows: volume, motility, viability, sperm concentration, total sperm count and morphological examination. The highest quality semen parameters were achieved using EE. The comparison of results of the evaluated sperm quality parameters from EE and EP showed significant differences only in one case—the percentage of head abnormalities and lower percentage of head abnormalities were achieved using EE compared to EP: 8.5% (3.0%–21.0%) versus 10.0% (4.0%–22.0%). Semen collected by CT rendered the lowest quality samples when compared to sperm samples collected by EE and EP, especially with respect to the motility and total sperm count which were significantly lower (p < 0.001). Our study showed that sperm samples collected by EE and EP result in better quality of feline ejaculates compared to collection by CT from sperm samples collected from the same male cats. These results demonstrate the necessity of further research of urethral catheterization as a novel technique of semen collection in male cats.
Hypertrophic effect of inhaled beta2‐agonist with and without concurrent exercise training: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jessen S. , Onslev J. , Lemminger A. , Backer V. , Bangsbo J. , Hostrup M. 
Published: May 2018

Due to a high prevalence of asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in elite athletes, there is a high use of beta2‐adrenoceptor agonists (beta2‐agonists) in the athletic population. While anabolic in rodents, no study has been able to detect hypertrophy in humans after chronic beta2‐agonist inhalation. We investigated whether inhaled beta2‐agonist, terbutaline, alters body composition and metabolic rate with and without concurrent exercise training in healthy young men. Sixty‐seven participants completed a 4‐week intervention of daily terbutaline (8 × 0.5 mg) or placebo treatment without concurrent training (habitual; n = 23), with resistance (n = 23) or endurance (n = 21) training 3 times weekly. Before and after the interventions, participant's body composition was determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and resting metabolic rate and substrate oxidation by indirect calorimetry. Terbutaline increased lean body mass by 1.03 kg (95% CI 0.29‐1.76; P < .05) and 1.04 kg (95% CI 0.16‐1.93; P < .05) compared to placebo in the habitual and resistance training group, respectively, but had no effect compared to placebo in the endurance training group [−0.56 kg (95% CI −1.74‐0.62; P > .05)]. Fat mass, bone mineral content, and resting metabolic rate did not change differently between treatments with the intervention. Daily inhalation of terbutaline in near‐therapeutic doses induces skeletal muscle growth. This observation should be a concern for antidoping authorities.