bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support vector machine‐based multivariate pattern classification of methamphetamine dependence using arterial spin labeling
Authors: Li Yadi , Cui Zaixu , Liao Qi , Dong Haibo , Zhang Jianbing , Shen Wenwen , Zhou Wenhua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractArterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging has been widely applied to identify cerebral blood flow (CBF) abnormalities in a number of brain disorders. To evaluate its significance in detecting methamphetamine (MA) dependence, this study used a multivariate pattern classification algorithm, ie, a support vector machine (SVM), to construct classifiers for discriminating MA‐dependent subjects from normal controls. Forty‐five MA‐dependent subjects, 45 normal controls, and 36 heroin‐dependent subjects were enrolled. Classifiers trained with ASL‐CBF data from the left or right cerebrum showed significant hemispheric asymmetry in their cross‐validated prediction performance (P < 0.001 for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, kappa, and area under the curve [AUC] of the receiver operating characteristics [ROC] curve). A classifier trained with ASL‐CBF data from all cerebral regions (bilateral hemispheres and corpus callosum) was able to differentiate MA‐dependent subjects from normal controls with a cross‐validated prediction accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, kappa, and AUC of 89%, 94%, 84%, 0.78, and 0.95, respectively. The discrimination map extracted from this classifier covered multiple brain circuits that either constitute a network related to drug abuse and addiction or could be impaired in MA‐dependence. The cerebral regions contribute most to classification include occipital lobe, insular cortex, postcentral gyrus, corpus callosum, and inferior frontal cortex. This classifier was also specific to MA‐dependence rather than substance use disorders in general (ie, 55.56% accuracy for heroin dependence). These results support the future utilization of ASL with an SVM‐based classifier for the diagnosis of MA‐dependence and could help improve the understanding of MA‐related neuropathology.
Data centers as infrastructural in‐betweens:
Authors: JOHNSON ALIX 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTOn Iceland's Reykjanes peninsula, a new industry is taking root in the ruins of a US military base: digital data storage. The new data centers, where transnational corporations pay to store terabytes of information, have been lauded as transformative for the region. But as they engage the military base's physical infrastructures, spatial orders, and affective resonances, they reprise and cement Reykjanes's former role as aninfrastructural in‐between: a node in others’ networks, both built in and left out. Thus, while digital networks are often imagined as overcoming marginality through the “death of distance” or “compression of space‐time,” their layering amid imperial legacies means that on Reykjanes they perpetuate marginality. These conditions illustrate the unevenly emplaced impacts of cloud computing and unsettle the techno‐utopian ideal of connectivity. [infrastructure, information technology, data centers, militarism, intermediarity, marginality, Iceland]
Effect of resveratrol on growth performance, rectal temperature and serum parameters of yellow‐feather broilers under heat stress
Authors: He Shaoping , Li Si , Arowolo Muhammed Adebayo , Yu Qifang , Chen Fu , Hu Ruizhi , He Jianhua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of dietary resveratrol supplementation on growth performance, rectal temperature, and serum parameters of yellow‐feather broilers under heat stress. A total of 480 yellow‐feather broilers (28‐day‐old) were randomly allotted to five groups with six replicates. A thermoneutral group (TN) (24 ± 2°C) received a basal diet and another four heat‐stressed groups (37 ± 2°C for 8 hr/day and 24 ± 2°C for the remaining time) were fed the basal diet or basal diet with 200, 350, and 500 mg/kg resveratrol for 14 consecutive days. The results revealed that resveratrol supplementation improved average daily gain (p = 0.001), and decreased (p < 0.05) rectal temperature from d 3 when compared with heat‐stressed group without resveratrol. In addition, supplementation with resveratrol at 350 or 500 mg/kg lowered (p < 0.05) the contents of corticosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, malonaldehyde, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, increased (p < 0.05) the levels of triiodothyronine, the ratio of triiodothyronine to thyroxine, total protein, glutathione, and activities of alkaline phosphatase, total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, though with few fluctuation. In conclusion, supplementation with resveratrol can improve the growth performance by positively regulating serum metabolic parameters and alleviating tissue oxidant damage of broilers under heat stress.
Production of porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN) site‐specific edited pigs
Authors: Chen Jianwen , Pan Kaiyuan , Chen Zhen , Li Yunsheng , Ding Biao , Han Chunyang , Cao Zubing , Bao Wenbin , Zhang Yunhai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPorcine viral diarrhea is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease in pigs which causes huge economic losses in pig industry worldwide. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is main pathogens responsible for piglets viral diarrhea. Knockout the host cellular surface receptor for TGEV may be an effective way to accelerate the breeding of resistant pigs. In this study, we applied site‐specific editing pAPN which is effective in swine testis (ST) cells. Site‐specific editing of pAPN reduced TGEV proliferation in ST cells by 96%–99% at different time periods post‐infection. Next, the site‐specific editing of pAPN porcine fetal fibroblasts were produced, and then the cell colonies were used as donor cells to generate the site‐specific editing of pAPN pigs. Our research findings will not only offer a more thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of piglet diarrhea and lay the foundation for breeding TGEV‐resistant piglets, but also understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in coronaviral infections.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and effect on serum uric acid of the myeloperoxidase inhibitor AZD4831 in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase I study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Gan Li‐Ming , Lagerström‐Fermér Maria , Ericsson Hans , Nelander Karin , Lindstedt Eva‐Lotte , Michaëlsson Erik , Kjaer Magnus , Heijer Maria , Whatling Carl , Fuhr Rainard 
Published: January 2019

AimsMyeloperoxidase activity can contribute to impaired vascular endothelial function and fibrosis in chronic inflammation‐related cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the myeloperoxidase inhibitor, AZD4831.MethodsIn this randomized, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase I, first‐in‐human study, healthy men in five sequential cohorts were randomized 3:1 to receive a single oral dose of AZD4831 (5, 15, 45, 135 or 405 mg) or placebo, after overnight fasting. After at least 7 days' washout, one cohort additionally received AZD4831 45 mg after a high‐calorie meal.ResultsForty men participated in the study (eight per cohort: AZD4831, n = 6; placebo, n = 2). AZD4831 distributed rapidly into plasma, with a half‐life of 38.2–50.0 hours. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) increased proportionally with dose (AUC0–∝ slope estimate 1.060; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9943, 1.127). Increases in maximum plasma concentration were slightly more than dose proportional (slope estimate 1.201; 95% CI 1.071, 1.332). Food intake reduced AZD4831 absorption rate but did not substantially affect overall exposure or plasma half‐life (n = 4). Serum uric acid concentrations decreased by 71.77 (95% CI 29.15, 114.39) and 84.42 (58.90, 109.94) μmol L−1 with AZD4831 135 mg and 405 mg, respectively. Maculopapular rash (moderate intensity) occurred in 4/30 participants receiving AZD4831 (13.3%). No other safety concerns were identified.ConclusionsAZD4831 was generally well tolerated, rapidly absorbed, had a long plasma half‐life and lowered uric acid concentrations after single oral doses in healthy men. These findings support the further clinical development of AZD4831.
KEYNOTE‐025: Phase 1b study of pembrolizumab in Japanese patients with previously treated programmed death ligand 1–positive advanced non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Nishio Makoto , Takahashi Toshiaki , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Fukuhara Tatsuro , Yamada Kazuhiko , Ichiki Masao , Tanaka Hiroshi , Seto Takashi , Sakai Hiroshi , Kasahara Kazuo , Satouchi Miyako , Han Shi Rong , Noguchi Kazuo , Shimamoto Takashi , Kato Terufumi 
Published: January 2019

Pembrolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against programmed death 1 (PD‐1), has been shown to improve overall survival (OS) in patients with previously treated advanced non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥1%. We report safety and efficacy results from the phase 1b KEYNOTE‐025 study, which evaluated pembrolizumab in Japanese patients with previously treated NSCLC. Eligible patients had histologically/cytologically confirmed advanced NSCLC with PD‐L1 TPS ≥1% and had received ≥1 platinum‐doublet chemotherapy. Patients received pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg once every 3 weeks for 2 years or until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity. Primary objectives were to evaluate the safety of pembrolizumab in patients with PD‐L1 TPS ≥1% and the objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST version 1.1 in patients with PD‐L1 TPS ≥50%. Thirty‐eight patients were enrolled and received ≥1 pembrolizumab dose. The median (range) age was 66.0 (41‐78) years, and 61% had received ≥2 prior systemic therapies. Eleven patients (29%) experienced grade 3‐5 treatment‐related adverse events (AE); 9 patients (24%) experienced immune‐mediated AE and infusion reactions, with pneumonitis (11%; any grade) being most common. Among evaluable patients with PD‐L1 TPS ≥50% (n = 11), ORR was 27% (95% CI, 6‐61). Among evaluable patients with PD‐L1 TPS ≥1% (n = 37), ORR was 22% (95% CI, 10‐38). Median (95% CI) progression‐free survival and OS were 3.9 (2.0‐6.2) months and 19.2 (8.0‐26.7) months, respectively. In summary, pembrolizumab was generally well tolerated and showed promising antitumor activity in Japanese patients with previously treated PD‐L1–expressing NSCLC. Outcomes were consistent with those from the phase 3 KEYNOTE‐010 study. (Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02007070.)
Very Early Identification and Intervention for Infants at Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Transdiagnostic Approach
Authors: Finlay‐Jones Amy , Varcin Kandice , Leonard Helen , Bosco Anthony , Alvares Gail , Downs Jenny 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) begin in the earliest months of life, but the clinical manifestations of many such disorders—including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder—are often not seen until much later. Theoretically, very early intervention provides the best chance for optimizing outcomes for children at risk. However, opportunities for early intervention may be thwarted by a dependence on assessing overt phenotypic or behavioral symptoms that often emerge later in childhood. In this article, we examine the utility of a transdiagnostic, dimensional approach to very early identification and intervention for infants at risk of NDDs. We consider how insights from epidemiology, systems biology, and developmental neuroscience may be integrated to aid identifying at‐risk infants and developing targeted, adaptive interventions. We also highlight directions for research.
Compliance with ivory trade regulations in the United Kingdom among traders
Authors: Harris Lindsey , Gore Meredith , Mills Morena 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlobal demand for elephant ivory is contributing to illegal poaching and significant decline of African elephant (Loxondonta africana) populations. To help mitigate decline, countries with legal domestic ivory markets were recommended by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora to close domestic markets for commercial trade. However, implementing stricter regulations on wildlife trade does not necessarily mean compliance with rules will follow. Using an online questionnaire, we examined the relationship between self‐reported compliance with ivory trade regulations among 115 ivory traders in the United Kingdom and 4 dimensions (control, deterrence, legitimacy, and social norms) hypothesized to influence compliance with conservation regulations. Although most traders supported regulations, a large number did not always check that they comply with them when trading objects containing ivory. The main factors influencing compliance with ivory trade regulations were traders’ ability to comply and their perceptions of the regulations and punishments to deter illegal trade. These findings demonstrate the utility of conservation criminology to improve wildlife trade regulations and identify opportunities to reduce illegal ivory entering the market in the United Kingdom. Compliance could be improved by clearer regulations that facilitate easier detection of illegal ivory products and stronger prosecution of violations.
Evaluation and training of Executive Functions in genocide survivors. The case of Yazidi children
Authors: Pellizzoni Sandra , Apuzzo Gian Matteo , De Vita Chiara , Agostini Tiziano , Passolunghi Maria Chiara 
Published: January 2019

AbstractExecutive Functions (EFs) development is critically affected by stress and trauma, as well as the socioeconomic context in which children grow up (Welsh, Nix, Blair, Bierman, & Nelson, 2010, Journal of Educational Psychology, 102, 43–53). Research in this field is surprisingly lacking in relation to war contexts. This study represents a first attempt at addressing this topic by evaluating EFs in Yazidi children. The Yazidi community is an ethnic and religious minority living in Iraq. From August 2014 onwards, the Yazidi community has been the target of several atrocities perpetrated by ISIS and described as genocide by the international community at large. The University of Trieste, thanks to a program financed by the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, developed a study aimed at (a) evaluating hot and cool EFs in children living in a war context and (b) developing a specific training method to enhance hot and cool EFs in Yazidi children of preschool age (N = 53). Data related to this group of children were compared with a sample of typically developing Italian children randomly assigned to either an EFs training group (N = 55) or a passive control group (N = 51). Results indicate different baselines in EFs in Yazidi and Italian samples and a significant effect of the program on both trained groups, especially in tasks measuring hot EFs. Data are discussed in terms of hot and cool EFs in children growing in adverse environments, as well as the evaluation of educational and developmental opportunities to prevent children who survived genocide from becoming a ‘lost generation’. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/7t_08TbxR_8.
Epigenetic control in skin development, homeostasis and injury repair
Authors: Kang Sangjo , Chovatiya Gopal , Tumbar Tudorita 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCell‐type‐ and cell‐state‐specific patterns of covalent modifications on DNA and histone tails form global epigenetic profiles that enable spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. These epigenetic profiles arise from coordinated activities of transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers, which result in cell‐type‐specific outputs in response to dynamic environmental conditions and signalling pathways. Recent mouse genetic and functional studies have highlighted the physiological significance of global DNA and histone epigenetic modifications in skin. Importantly, specific epigenetic profiles are emerging for adult skin stem cells that are associated with their cell fate plasticity and proper activity in tissue regeneration. We can now begin to draw a more comprehensive picture of how epigenetic modifiers orchestrate their cell‐intrinsic role with microenvironmental cues for proper skin development, homeostasis and wound repair. The field is ripe to begin to implement these findings from the laboratory into skin therapies.
Crowdfunding models: Keep‐It‐All vs. All‐Or‐Nothing
Authors: Cumming Douglas J. , Leboeuf Gaël , Schwienbacher Armin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractReward‐based crowdfunding campaigns are commonly offered in one of two models via fundraising goals set by an entrepreneur: “Keep‐It‐All” (KIA), where the entrepreneur keeps the entire amount raised regardless of achieving the goal, and “All‐Or‐Nothing” (AON), where the entrepreneur keeps nothing unless the goal is achieved. We hypothesize that AON forces the entrepreneur to bear greater risk and encourages crowdfunders to pledge more capital enabling entrepreneurs to set larger goals. We further hypothesize that AON is a costly signal of commitment for entrepreneurs yielding a separate equilibrium with higher quality and more innovative projects with greater success rates. Empirical tests support both hypotheses.
Fish assemblage structure in relation to seasonal environmental variation in sub‐lakes of the Poyang Lake floodplain, China
Authors: Jin Bin‐Song , Winemiller Kirk O. , Shao Bo , Si Ji‐Ke , Jin Jie‐Feng , Ge Gang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Yangtze River and its watershed have undergone vast changes resulting from centuries of human impacts, yet ecological knowledge of the system is limited. The seasonal variation and spatial variation of three sub‐lakes of Poyang Lake, a huge wetland in the middle Yangtze Basin, were investigated to examine how fish assemblages respond to seasonal hydrology and associated environmental conditions. In all three sub‐lakes, fish assemblage structure revealed strong variations associated with seasonal water level fluctuation. Fish species richness in all sub‐lakes was highest during the middle of the monsoon season and lowest during the dry season. Fish numerical abundance and biomass varied significantly, with several of the most common species having inconsistent patterns of seasonal variation among sub‐lakes. Fish assemblage structure was significantly associated with environmental gradients defined by water level, aquatic macrophyte coverage, conductivity and dissolved oxygen concentration. Assemblage composition in all three sub‐lakes underwent strongest shifts between December and April, the period when water levels were lowest and fishing has the greatest impact on fish stocks. Future impacts that change the hydrology of the middle Yangtze would alter the dynamics of habitat connectivity and affect environmental conditions and fish assemblages of the Poyang Lake wetland system.
Association of serum interferon‐λ3 levels with hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with direct‐acting antiviral agents
Authors: Inoue‐Shinomiya Emi , Murakawa Miyako , Asahina Yasuhiro , Nakagawa Mina , Tsuchiya Jun , Sato Ayako , Tsunoda Tomoyuki , Miyoshi Masato , Nitta Sayuri , Kawai‐Kitahata Fukiko , Itsui Yasuhiro , Azuma Seishin , Kakinuma Sei , Murata Kazumoto , Mizokami Masashi , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: January 2019

AimAlthough the efficacy of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment is improved dramatically by direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs), the assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains important. Interferon lambda 3 (IFN‐λ3) is associated with liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, but its impact on carcinogenesis remains controversial and little is known about its effects after viral clearance. To determine the contribution of IFN‐λ3 to hepatocarcinogenesis after HCV clearance, we analyzed IFNL3 genotypes and serial serum IFN‐λ3 levels in CHC patients who achieved sustained virologic responses (SVR).MethodsThis study comprised 201 CHC patients treated with DAAs. Serum samples were collected sequentially and IFN‐λ3 levels were quantified by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. The IFNL3 polymorphism (rs8099917) was genotyped in 195 patients.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐five patients were rs8099917 T/T and 70 were non‐T/T. Serum IFN‐λ3 levels did not differ significantly with IFNL3 genotype, dropped markedly by 1 week and remained low up to 24 weeks after the end of treatment. Interferon‐λ3 levels were significantly higher after viral clearance in patients who developed HCC and were associated with a higher potential for hepatocarcinogenesis, such as a higher frequency of non‐hypervascular hypointensive nodules (P = 0.046), higher stages of liver fibrosis (P < 0.001), and higher post‐treatment levels of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac‐2 binding protein (P < 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSerum IFN‐λ3 levels after HCV clearance are associated with the potential for HCC development. Interferon‐λ3 could be helpful for elucidating the relationships among immunologic status, liver fibrosis, liver inflammation, and hepatocarcinogenesis, after achieving SVR.
Incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma change over time in patients with hepatitis C virus infection who achieved sustained virologic response
Authors: Yamada Ryoko , Hiramatsu Naoki , Oze Tsugiko , Urabe Ayako , Tahata Yuki , Morishita Naoki , Kodama Takahiro , Hikita Hayato , Sakamori Ryotaro , Yakushijin Takayuki , Yamada Akira , Hagiwara Hideki , Mita Eiji , Oshita Masahide , Itoh Toshifumi , Fukui Hiroyuki , Inui Yoshiaki , Hijioka Taizo , Inada Masami , Katayama Kazuhiro , Tamura Shinji , Inoue Atsuo , Imai Yasuharu , Tatsumi Tomohide , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Hayashi Norio , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: January 2019

AimIn patients with chronic hepatitis C, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs at a certain frequency, even if a sustained virologic response (SVR) is achieved by antiviral treatment. Old age, liver fibrosis, and high post‐treatment α‐fetoprotein (AFP) level are typical risk factors of post‐SVR HCC. We examined whether the frequencies and factors of HCC in patients with an SVR achieved from interferon treatment changed. MethodsAmong patients prospectively registered for pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment, 2021 with an SVR without HCC development during the treatment period were followed up. The mean observation period was 49.5 ± 26.2 months.ResultsThe multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that older age, diabetes mellitus, advanced liver disease, and higher post‐treatment AFP level were the independent risk factors throughout the observation period. The annual occurrence rate of HCC was 0.74% in the third year, 0.54% in the fourth year, and 0.40% in the fifth year; it gradually decreased from the third year. Because the time course hazards for HCC changed at 48 months, we separately analyzed its risk factors before and after this change point. The multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the four above‐mentioned factors were significantly related to HCC development within 4 years. Conversely, the univariable Cox regression analysis only identified diabetes mellitus as a significant factor for HCC development after 4 years.ConclusionThe frequency of HCC in hepatitis C patients who achieved an SVR from interferon treatment decreased during the observation period, and its risk factors changed between the early and late periods.