bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Moving Morphable Voids Approach for Topology Optimization With Closed B-Splines
Authors: Du Bingxiao , Yao Wen , Zhao Yong , Chen Xiaoqian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Topology optimization with moving morphable voids (MMVs) is studied in this paper. B-spline curves are used to represent the boundaries of MMVs in the structure. Kreisselmeier–Steinhauser (KS)-function is also implemented to preserve the smoothness of the structural boundary in case the intersection of the curves happen. In order to study the influence of continuity, we propose pseudo-periodic closed B-splines (PCBSs) to construct curves with an arbitrary degree. The selection of PCBS parameters, especially the degree of B-spline, is studied and discussed. The classic Messerschmitt–Bolkow–Blohm (MBB) case is taken as an example in the numerical experiment. Results show that with the proper choice of B-spline degrees and number of control points, PCBSs have enough flexibility and stability to represent the optimized material distribution. We further reveal the mechanism of the merging process of holes and find that high-order degree PCBS could preserve more separated voids. A support beam design problem of microsatellite is also studied as an example to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method.
Applying a Unit-Consistent Generalized Matrix Inverse for Stable Control of Robotic Systems
Authors: Zhang Bo , Uhlmann Jeffrey 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
It is well understood that the robustness of mechanical and robotic control systems depends critically on minimizing sensitivity to arbitrary application-specific details whenever possible. For example, if a system is defined and performs well in one particular Euclidean coordinate frame then it should be expected to perform identically if that coordinate frame is arbitrarily rotated or scaled. Similarly, the performance of the system should not be affected if its key parameters are all consistently defined in metric units or in imperial units. In this paper we show that a recently introduced generalized matrix inverse permits performance consistency to be rigorously guaranteed in control systems that require solutions to underdetermined and/or overdetermined systems of equations. We analyze and empirically demonstrate how these theoretical guarantees can be directly obtained in a practical robotic arm system.
Genetic aspects of idiopathic paediatric uveitis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis in Chinese Han
Authors: Deng Jing , Tan Handan , Hu Jiayue , Su Guannan , Cao Qingfeng , Huang Xinyue , Zhou Chunjiang , Wang Yao , Kijlstra Aize , Yang Peizeng 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundIdiopathic paediatric uveitis (IPU) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis (JIA-U) are the two most common entities in paediatric uveitis. This study addressed the possible association of IPU and JIA-U with genes that had been shown earlier to be associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.MethodsWe carried out a case-control association study involving 286 IPU, 134 JIA-U patients and 743 healthy individuals. A total of 84 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 60 genes were selected for this study. The MassARRAY platform and iPLEX Gold Genotyping Assay was used to genotype 83 candidate SNPs and the remaining SNP (rs27293) was analysed using the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay.ResultsNo evidence was found for an association of the candidate polymorphisms tested with IPU. Six SNPs (PRM1/rs11074967, JAZF1/rs73300638, IRF5/rs2004640, MEFV/rs224217, PSMA3/rs2348071 and PTPN2/rs7234029) showed an association with JIA-U (p<1.0×10−2).ConclusionOur findings showed associations of six SNPs (PRM1/rs11074967, JAZF1/rs73300638, IRF5/rs2004640, MEFV/rs224217, PSMA3/rs2348071 and PTPN2/rs7234029) with JIA-U. No association was detected between the 84 tested SNPs and IPU.
Systematic review of systematic reviews for effectiveness of internal fixation for flail chest and rib fractures in adults
Authors: Ingoe Helen MA , Coleman Elizabeth , Eardley William , Rangan Amar , Hewitt Catherine , McDaid Catriona 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesMultiple systematic reviews have reported on the impact of rib fracture fixation in the presence of flail chest and multiple rib fractures, however this practice remains controversial. Our aim is to synthesise the effectiveness of surgical rib fracture fixation as evidenced by systematic reviews.DesignA systematic search identified systematic reviews comparing effectiveness of rib fracture fixation with non-operative management of adults with flail chest or unifocal non-flail rib fractures. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Science Citation Index were last searched 17 March 2017. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool. The primary outcome was duration of mechanical ventilation.ResultsTwelve systematic reviews were included, consisting of 3 unique randomised controlled trials and 19 non-randomised studies. Length of mechanical ventilation was shorter in the fixation group compared with the non–operative group in flail chest; pooled estimates ranged from −4.52 days, 95% CI (−5.54 to –3.5) to −7.5 days, 95% CI (−9.9 to –5.5). Pneumonia, length of hospital and intensive care unit stay all showed a statistically significant improvement in favour of fixation for flail chest; however, all outcomes in favour of fixation had substantial heterogeneity. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in mortality. Two systematic reviews included one non-randomised studies of unifocal non-flail rib fracture population; due to limited evidence the benefits with surgery are uncertain.ConclusionsSynthesis of the reviews has shown some potential improvement in patient outcomes with flail chest after fixation. For future review updates, meta-analysis for effectiveness may need to take into account indications and timing of surgery as a subgroup analysis to address clinical heterogeneity between primary studies. Further robust evidence is required before conclusions can be drawn of the effectiveness of surgical fixation for flail chest and in particular, unifocal non-flail rib fractures.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016053494.
Mapping the use of soft systems methodology for change management in healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Augustsson Hanna , Churruca Kate , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionIt is notoriously challenging to implement evidence-based care and to update and improve healthcare practices. One reason for the difficulty is the complexity of healthcare and the powerful influence of context on implementation and improvement efforts. Thus, there is a need for multifaceted, flexible change methods that takes these complexities into consideration. One approach that has the potential in this regard is soft systems methodology (SSM). However, little is known about how SSM has been applied in healthcare settings, making it difficult to assess the usefulness of SSM for implementation science or improvement research. The aim of the proposed scoping review is to examine and map the use and outcomes of SSM in healthcare.Methods and analysisThe review will adapt the framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Citations will be uncovered through a comprehensive database search of the peer-reviewed literature. Two reviewers will conduct a two-stage review and selection process where the titles/abstracts are examined followed by a screening of full texts of the selected citations. Reference lists of included citations will be snowballed to identify potential additional citations. Inclusion criteria are English language, peer-reviewed empirical papers focusing on the application of SSM in a healthcare setting. Both general information about the citations and information related to the objective of the review will be extracted from the included citations and entered into a data charting form. The extracted information will be reported in diagrams and tables and summarised to present a narrative account of the literature. The proposed review will provide information on the potential for using SSM to affect change in healthcare.Ethics and disseminationNo primary data will be collected, and thus ethical permission is unnecessary. Dissemination of results include peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Healthcare resource utilisation and cost associated with elevated potassium levels: a Danish population-based cohort study
Authors: Kim Kun , Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Nicolaisen Sia Kromann , Hasvold Lars Pål , Palaka Eirini , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate healthcare costs associated with hyperkalaemia (HK) among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart failure (HF) or diabetes.DesignBefore–after cohort study of patients with HK and matched patients without HK.SettingPopulation-based databases covering primary and secondary care for the entire of Northern Denmark.ParticipantsPatients with a first incident record of CKD (n=78 372), HF (n=14 233) or diabetes (n=37 479) during 2005–2011. Among all patients experiencing a first HK event (potassium level >5.0 mmol/L), healthcare costs were compared during 6 months before and 6 months after the HK event. The same cost assessment was conducted 6 months before and after a matched index date in a comparison cohort of patients without HK.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMean costs of hospital care, general practice and dispensed drugs converted to 2018 Euros.ResultsOverall, 17 747 (23%) CKD patients, 5141 (36%) HF patients and 4183 (11%) diabetes patients with a first HK event were identified. More than 40% of all HK patients across the patient groups had subsequent HK events with successively shorter times between the events. In CKD patients, overall mean costs were €5518 higher 6 months after versus before first HK, while €441 higher in matched CKD patients without HK, yielding HK-associated costs of €5077. Corresponding costs associated with a HK event were €6018 in HF patients, and €4862 in diabetes patients.ConclusionsAmong CKD, HF and diabetes patients, an incident HK event was common, and a large proportion of the patients experienced recurrent HK events. Substantial increase in healthcare costs associated with a HK event was observed in the HK patients compared with non-HK patients. These results are important to better understand the potential economic impact of HK among high-risk comorbid patients in a real-wold setting and help inform decision-making for clinicians and healthcare providers.
Prevalence and practice for rare diseases in primary care: a national cross-sectional study in the USA
Authors: Jo Ara , Larson Samantha , Carek Peter , Peabody Michael R , Peterson Lars E , Mainous Arch G 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThere are more than 7000 rare diseases in the USA, and they are prevalent in 8% of the population. Due to life-threatening risk and limited therapies, early detection and treatment are critical. The purpose of this study was to explore characteristics of visits for patients with rare diseases seen by primary care physicians (PCPs).DesignThe study used a cross sectional study using a national representative dataset, the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for the years 2012–2014.SettingPrimary care setting.ParticipantsVisits to PCPs (n=22 306 representing 354 507 772 office visits to PCPs).Primary outcome measuresPrevalence of rare diseases in visits of PCPs was the primary outcome. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to compare patients with rare diseases and those without rare diseases and examined characteristics of PCP visits for rare diseases and practice pattern.ResultsAmong outpatient visits to PCPs, rare diseases account for 1.6% of the visits. The majority of patients with rare diseases were established patients (93.0%) and almost half (49.0%) were enrolled in public insurance programmes. The time spent in visits for rare diseases (22.4 min) and visits for more common diseases (21.3 min) was not significantly different (p=0.09). In an adjusted model controlling for patient characteristics (age, sex, types of insurance, reason for this visit, total number of chronic disease, having a rare disease and established or new patient), patients with rare diseases were 52% more likely to be referred to another provider (OR 1.52, 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.28).ConclusionsVisits for rare diseases are uncommon in primary care practice. Future research may help to explain whether this low level of management of rare diseases in primary care practice is consistent with a goal of a broad scope of care.
Change in type-2 biomarkers and related cytokines with prednisolone in uncontrolled severe oral corticosteroid dependent asthmatics: an interventional open-label study
Authors: Busby John , Holweg Cecile T J , Chai Akiko , Bradding Peter , Cai Fang , Chaudhuri Rekha , Mansur Adel H , Lordan James Laurence , Matthews John G , Menzies-Gow Andrew , Niven Robert , Staton Tracy , Heaney Liam G 
Published: April 2019

Type-2 biomarkers and related cytokines (IL-5, IL-13), lung function and asthma symptoms were measured in 44 poorly-controlled severe oral corticosteroid (OCS)-dependent asthmatics for up to 88 days after a 7-day prednisolone boost (0.5 mg/kg). High-dose OCS reduced median blood eosinophils (−60 cells/µl; 95% CI −140 to 10), periostin (−8.4 ng/mL; −11.6 to –2.8), FeNO (−19.0 ppb; −28.5 to –4.0), IL-5 (−0.17 pg/mL; −0.28 to –0.08) and IL-13 (−0.15 pg/mL; −0.27 to –0.03). There were small improvements in mean FEV1(0.16 L; 0.05 to 0.27) and (Asthma Control Questionnaire) ACQ-7 score (0.3; 0.0 to 0.7). Study measures returned to baseline 1-month postintervention. Following rescue OCS, 1 month is sufficient before using type-2 biomarkers to guide long-term treatment.Trial registration numberNCT01948401.
Have e-cigarettes renormalised or displaced youth smoking? Results of a segmented regression analysis of repeated cross sectional survey data in England, Scotland and Wales
Authors: Hallingberg Britt , Maynard Olivia M , Bauld Linda , Brown Rachel , Gray Linsay , Lowthian Emily , MacKintosh Anne-Marie , Moore Laurence , Munafo Marcus R , Moore Graham 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo examine whether during a period of limited e-cigarette regulation and rapid growth in their use, smoking began to become renormalised among young people.DesignInterrupted time-series analysis of repeated cross-sectional time-series data.SettingGreat BritainParticipants248 324 young people aged approximately 13 and 15 years, from three national surveys during the years 1998–2015.InterventionUnregulated growth of e-cigarette use (following the year 2010, until 2015).Outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were prevalence of self-reported ever smoking and regular smoking. Secondary outcomes were attitudes towards smoking. Tertiary outcomes were ever use of cannabis and alcohol.ResultsIn final models, no significant change was detected in the pre-existing trend for ever smoking (OR 1.01, CI 0.99 to 1.03). There was a marginally significant slowing in the rate of decline for regular smoking (OR 1.04, CI 1.00 to 1.08), accompanied by a larger slowing in the rate of decline of cannabis use (OR 1.21, CI 1.18 to 1.25) and alcohol use (OR 1.17, CI 1.14 to 1.19). In all models and subgroup analyses for smoking attitudes, an increased rate of decline was observed after 2010 (OR 0.88, CI 0.86 to 0.90). Models were robust to sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThere was a marginal slowing in the decline in regular smoking during the period following 2010, when e-cigarettes were emerging but relatively unregulated. However, these patterns were not unique to tobacco use and the decline in the acceptability of smoking behaviour among youth accelerated during this time. These analyses provide little evidence that renormalisation of youth smoking was occurring during a period of rapid growth and limited regulation of e-cigarettes from 2011 to 2015.Trial registration numberResearch registry number: researchregistry4336
Perils of Zero-Interaction Security in the Internet of Things
Authors: Fomichev Mikhail , Maass Max , Almon Lars , Molina Alejandro , Hollick Matthias 
Published: April 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) demands authentication systems which can provide both security and usability. Recent research utilizes the rich sensing capabilities of smart devices to build security schemes operating without human interaction, such as zero-interaction pairing (ZIP) and zero-interaction authentication (ZIA). Prior work proposed a number of ZIP and ZIA schemes and reported promising results. However, those schemes were often evaluated under conditions which do not reflect realistic IoT scenarios. In addition, drawing any comparison among the existing schemes is impossible due to the lack of a common public dataset and unavailability of scheme implementations.
In this paper, we address these challenges by conducting the first large-scale comparative study of ZIP and ZIA schemes, carried out under realistic conditions. We collect and release the most comprehensive dataset in the domain to date, containing over 4250 hours of audio recordings and 1 billion sensor readings from three different scenarios, and evaluate five state-of-the-art schemes based on these data. Our study reveals that the effectiveness of the existing proposals is highly dependent on the scenario they are used in. In particular, we show that these schemes are subject to error rates between 0.6% and 52.8%.
Joint Transition-Based Models for Morpho-Syntactic Parsing: Parsing Strategies for MRLs and a Case Study from Modern Hebrew
Authors: More Amir , Seker Amit , Basmova Victoria , Tsarfaty Reut 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In standard NLP pipelines, morphological analysis and disambiguation (MA&D) precedes syntactic and semantic downstream tasks. However, for languages with complex and ambiguous word-internal structure, known as morphologically rich languages (MRLs), it has been hypothesized that syntactic context may be crucial for accurate MA&D, and vice versa. In this work we empirically confirm this hypothesis for Modern Hebrew, an MRL with complex morphology and severe word-level ambiguity, in a novel transition-based framework. Specifically, we propose a joint morphosyntactic transition-based framework which formally unifies two distinct transition systems, morphological and syntactic, into a single transition-based system with joint training and joint inference. We empirically show that MA&D results obtained in the joint settings outperform MA&D results obtained by the respective standalone components, and that end-to-end parsing results obtained by our joint system present a new state of the art for Hebrew dependency parsing.
Nomenclatural notes on the East Asian form of the Mew Gull Larus canus Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Laridae)
Authors: MLÍKOVSKÝ JIŘÍ 
Published: April 2019

The Mew Gulls of East Asia are currently recognized as a subspecies called Larus canus kamtschatschensis Bonaparte (1857: 224) (e.g. Vaurie 1965: 478; Burger & Gochfeld 1996: 603; Ûdin & Firsova 2002: 200; Dickinson 2003: 146; Olsen & Larsson 2003: 74). I present below an annotated list of the synonyms applied to this gull form, chronologically arranged according to the date of their descriptions. I show that Bonaparte's (1857) kamtschatschensis is a nomen nudum and that Bruch's (1855) camtschatchensis is the correct name for the subspecies.
Review of Advances in Precipitation Enhancement Research
Authors: Flossmann Andrea I. , Manton Michael , Abshaev Ali , Bruintjes Roelof , Murakami Masataka , Prabhakaran Thara , Yao Zhanyu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper provides a summary of the assessment report of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Weather Modification that discusses recent progress on precipitation enhancement research. The progress has been underpinned by advances in our understanding of cloud processes and interactions between clouds and their environment, which, in turn, have been enabled by substantial developments in technical capabilities to both observe and simulate clouds from the microphysical to the mesoscale. We focus on the two cloud types most commonly seeded in the past: winter orographic cloud systems and convective cloud systems. A key issue for cloud seeding is the extension from cloud-scale research to water catchment–scale impacts on precipitation on the ground. Consequently, the requirements for the design, implementation, and evaluation of a catchment-scale precipitation enhancement campaign are discussed. The paper concludes by indicating the most important gaps in our knowledge. Some recommendations regarding the most urgent research topics are given to stimulate further research.
Thermodynamic and Dynamic Responses to Deforestation in the Maritime Continent: A Modeling Study
Authors: Chen Chu-Chun , Lo Min-Hui , Im Eun-Soon , Yu Jin-Yi , Liang Yu-Chiao , Chen Wei-Ting , Tang Iping , Lan Chia-Wei , Wu Ren-Jie , Chien Rong-You 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Tropical deforestation can result in substantial changes in local surface energy and water budgets, and thus in atmospheric stability. These effects may in turn yield changes in precipitation. The Maritime Continent (MC) has undergone severe deforestation during the past few decades but it has received less attention than the deforestation in the Amazon and Congo rain forests. In this study, numerical deforestation experiments are conducted with global (i.e., Community Earth System Model) and regional climate models (i.e., Regional Climate Model version 4.6) to investigate precipitation responses to MC deforestation. The results show that the deforestation in the MC region leads to increases in both surface temperature and local precipitation. Atmospheric moisture budget analysis reveals that the enhanced precipitation is associated more with the dynamic component than with the thermodynamic component of the vertical moisture advection term. Further analyses on the vertical profile of moist static energy indicate that the atmospheric instability over the deforested areas is increased as a result of anomalous moistening at approximately 800–850 hPa and anomalous warming extending from the surface to 750 hPa. This instability favors ascending air motions, which enhance low-level moisture convergence. Moreover, the vertical motion increases associated with the MC deforestation are comparable to those generated by La Niña events. These findings offer not only mechanisms to explain the local climatic responses to MC deforestation but also insights into the possible reasons for disagreements among climate models in simulating the precipitation responses.