bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of ternary composites with controlled surface microstructure using a cascaded suspension deposition method
Authors: Pishvar Maya , Amirkhosravi Mehrad , Yalcinkaya M. Akif , Altan M. Cengiz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFabrication of multifunctional materials via incorporation of the third component into structural composite laminates is of great interest, especially for manipulating surface properties. However, achieving a uniform, well‐dispersed surface microstructure in ternary composites is quite challenging by using the traditional fabrication processes. In this article, a novel cascaded suspension deposition method is presented to introduce well‐dispersed short fibers into the molded laminates, allowing the control of the surface properties of the resulting ternary composite. Towards this goal, the micron‐sized, nickel‐coated carbon (NiC) fibers are uniformly deposited on a glass fabric surface by the proposed method. The deposited fabric is then used to fabricate NiC/glass/epoxy composite laminate by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). The deposition morphology on the glass fabrics and the fabricated laminates is investigated by assessing: (i) spatial uniformity of fiber volume fraction; (ii) degree of dispersion; and (iii) process‐induced orientation and degree of alignment. To demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed method, the effects of fiber concentration, fabric architecture, and resin flow are studied. The experimental results reveal that, in all fabrication cases, the cascaded suspension deposition technique is capable of depositing short fibers on the fabric surface with a uniform fiber volume fraction and excellent dispersion with random orientation. In addition, it is observed that the resin flow during VARTM does not considerably disturb the deposition‐induced microstructure of the NiC fibers, which allows the successful fabrication of ternary composites by VARTM.
Characterization of cerium (III) ion binding to surface‐immobilized EF‐hand loop I of calmodulin
Authors: Xu MingYuan , Su Zihang , Renner Julie N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCerium has a wide range of current and emerging applications, and the binding of cerium ions to solid substrates is important for cerium recovery, or in advanced material synthesis. In this study, we investigate the affinity of a surface‐bound peptide derived from the EF‐hand loop I of calmodulin for cerium (III) ions and compare the results to a scrambled control. Results obtained via quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation are used to estimate the dissociation constant between the bound EF‐hand loop I peptide and cerium (III) ions (1.3 ± 0.1 μM), which is comparable with other dissociation constants measured for EF‐hand peptides and cerium ions in solution reported this work and in literature (0.95‐5.8 μM). Circular dichroism also suggests that the peptide binds to cerium (III) ions in solution, and undergoes a secondary structural change upon binding. Overall, this study shows that EF‐hand loop peptides are capable of binding cerium (III) ions in solution and when attached to a solid substrate.
Silicon photosensitizers in cancer therapy: Theoretical studies on novel 5‐methoxypsoralens
Authors: Ayoubi‐Chianeh Mojgan , Kassaee Mohamad Z. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThree novel silicon photosensitizers (PSs) are discovered with prospects to be utilized in psoralen ultra‐violet A (PUVA) cancer therapy, at B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory. They include 5‐methoxysilolo[3,2‐g]chromen‐2(8H)‐one (1), 5‐methoxybenzo[4,5]silolo[3,2‐g]chromen‐2(10H)‐one (2), and 11‐methoxybenzo[c]silolo[3,2‐g]chromen‐5(8H)‐one (3). Structures 1‐3 exhibit intense narrow absorption peaks in the ultra violet A (UVA) therapeutic window and show T1 energies necessary to activate the ground state triplet molecular oxygen (3O2) to its singlet excited state (1O2).
Effects of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and allergy status in obesity‐related pediatric asthma
Authors: Lang Jason E. , Bunnell H. Timothy , Lima John J. , Hossain Md Jobayer , Wysocki Tim , Bacharier Leonard , Dempsey Amanda , Ulrich Lisa , Test Matthew R. , Forrest Christopher B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRationaleObesity in children increases the risk for new asthma. How age, sex, race/ethnicity, and allergy status affect the relationship between obesity and asthma is unclear. This study describes the relationship between high body mass index (BMI) and incident asthma.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare asthma incidence among normal weight, overweight, and obese 2 to 6, 7 to 11, and 12 to 17 year olds to define the effects of sex, race/ethnicity, and allergy status. Weight status was determined at baseline and asthma incidence was defined as ≥2 asthma encounters and ≥1 asthma prescriptions. We used multivariable Poisson regression to estimate adjusted incident asthma rates and risk ratios.ResultsData from 192 843 2 to 6 year olds, 157 284 7 to 11 year olds, and 157 369 12 to 17 year olds were included. The relative risks (95% confidence interval [CI]) of new asthma among obese children in 2 to 6 year olds, 7 to 11 year olds, and 12 to 17 year olds were 1.25 (1.15, 1.37), 1.49 (1.32, 1.69) and 1.40 (1.21, 1.63), respectively. Among children with underlying allergic rhinitis, obesity did not increase the risk of new asthma. In children without allergic rhinitis, the risk for obesity‐related asthma was highest in 7 to 11 year olds (risk ratio = 1.50 95% CI, 1.33, 1.60). Before age 12, females had a higher risk for obesity‐related asthma; but after age 12, obese males had a higher asthma risk (interaction P‐value < .05).ConclusionObesity is a major preventable risk factor for pediatric asthma that appears to vary along the pediatric age continuum and depends on sex, race/ethnicity and atopy status.
Medication stewardship using computerized clinical decision support: A case study on intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: Tsapepas Demetra , Der-Nigoghossian Caroline , Patel Khilna , Berger Karen , Vawdrey David K , Salmasian Hojjat 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare delivery organizations face increasing pressure to manage the use of medications in terms of safety, waste reduction, and cost containment.ObjectiveTo describe a computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system intervention to optimize use of a commonly ordered, high‐cost therapeutic: intravenous immune globulin (IVIG).DesignDescription of IVIG order configuration, medication use patterns, and subsequent order set configuration development in a CPOE system.MeasurementsIVIG orders were extracted from the CPOE system before and after the implementation of a specialty orderset to determine the indications for use, dosing, and duration of therapy. Orders were compared to a theoretical dosing schedule created from published evidence and data from a prior medication use evaluation.ResultsDuring 36 months before the implementation of the IVIG order set, 1965 IVIG orders were reviewed. The prescribed IVIG dose varied considerably from the expected dose (mean = −1.8, range = −4.9‐1.5). In the 27 months after order set implementation, 848 IVIG orders were reviewed. The prescribed IVIG dose was closer to the expected dose (mean = −1.2, range = −3.9‐2.6, P < .0001).ConclusionsOrder configuration processes are cumbersome and time‐consuming, but can be streamlined to enhance a medication’s usage in the healthcare system. A better understanding of institution‐specific ordering patterns may facilitate more efficient and effective order configuration and optimize drug use.
Rapid and sensitive analytical procedure for biomonitoring of organophosphate pesticide metabolites in human urine samples using a vortex‐assisted salt‐induced liquid–liquid microextraction technique coupled with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Pasupuleti Raghavendra Rao , Tsai Pei‐Chien , Lin Pi‐I D. , Wu Ming‐Tsang , Ponnusamy Vinoth Kumar 
Published: August 2019

RationaleOrganophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are the most commonly used insecticides around the world in various agricultural and domestic practices, and humans are frequently exposed to these hazardous insecticides that can lead to several chronic health effects. Therefore, a fast and sensitive analytical method is required for biomonitoring the markers of OPPs in humans for exposure estimation. In this study, a fast and sensitive analytical procedure was developed for the determination of the metabolites of OPPs in human urine samples.MethodsMetabolites of OPPs were extracted from 2 mL of urine sample using a novel vortex‐assisted salt‐induced liquid–liquid microextraction (VA‐SI‐LLME) technique, and the preconcentrated metabolites were analyzed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). Various factors affecting the efficiency of VA‐SI‐LLME were thoroughly investigated.ResultsThe metabolites of OPPs exhibited very good linearity over the concentration range between 0.05 and 50 ng mL−1 with coefficient (r2) values ranging between 0.9986 and 0.9999. The method showed excellent sensitivity with detection limits ranging from 0.01 to 0.03 ng mL−1 and quantification limits from 0.03 to 0.05 ng mL−1. The developed method was applied to the analysis of real samples and the recoveries ranged between 85.0 and 114.1% with related standard deviations <5%.ConclusionsThe results showed the VA‐SI‐LLME/UHPLC/MS/MS method to be a simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective analytical procedure for the biomonitoring of the metabolites of OPPs in humans. This efficient and cost‐effective analytical method could be a potential alternative method for the biomonitoring of the metabolites of pesticides in humans.
A novel automated lumen segmentation and classification algorithm for detection of irregular protrusion after stents deployment
Authors: Yang Su , Yoon Hyuck‐Jun , Yazdi Seyed Jamaleddin Mostafavi , Lee Jong‐Ha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinically, irregular protrusions and blockages after stent deployment can lead to significant adverse outcomes such as thrombotic reocclusion or restenosis. In this study, we propose a novel fully automated method for irregular lumen segmentation and normal/abnormal lumen classification.MethodsThe proposed method consists of a lumen segmentation, feature extraction, and lumen classification. In total, 92 features were extracted to classify normal/abnormal lumen. The lumen classification method is a combination of supervised learning algorithm and feature selection that is a partition‐membership filter method.ResultsAs the results, our proposed lumen segmentation method obtained the average of dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the accuracy of proposed features and the random forest (RF) for normal/abnormal lumen classification as 97.6% and 98.2%, respectively.ConclusionsTherefore, we can lead to better understanding of the overall vascular status and help to determine cardiovascular diagnosis.
Monitoring of environmental flow outcomes in a large river basin: The Commonwealth Environmental Water Holder's long‐term intervention in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia
Authors: Gawne Ben , Hale Jenni , Stewardson Michael J. , Webb James A. , Ryder Darren S. , Brooks Shane S. , Campbell Cherie J. , Capon Samantha J. , Everingham Penny , Grace Mike R. , Guarino Fiorenzo , Stoffels Rick J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Murray–Darling Basin in south‐eastern Australia contains over 70,000 km2 of wetlands and floodplains, many of which are in poor condition. In response, Australian governments have committed to a major restoration program, the Murray–Darling Basin Plan that includes management of 2,750 Gl of environmental water to protect and restore aquatic ecosystems. The restoration is being undertaken within an adaptive management framework that includes monitoring the outcomes of environmental flows in seven river valleys. This paper provides an overview of the 5‐year monitoring project and some preliminary results. Monitoring design considered the Basin Plan's environmental objectives, conceptual models of ecosystem responses to flow, and an outcomes framework linking flow responses to the environmental objectives. Monitoring indicators includes ecosystem type, vegetation, river metabolism, and fish. Responses are evaluated to identify the contribution of environmental flows to Basin Plan environmental objectives and continual improvements in management. The program is unique in that it seeks to monitor long‐term outcomes of environmental flows at the river basin scale. Despite many challenges, the monitoring has become a key part of the adaptive management of environmental flows in the Murray–Darling Basin.
Chemicals are contaminants too: Teaching appreciation and critique of science in the era of Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)
Authors: Morales‐Doyle Daniel , Childress Price Tiffany , Chappell Mindy J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article examines the tensions that arose as teachers, scientists, youth, and community organizers worked to develop a curriculum that was responsive to community concerns and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Within the context of urban heavy metal contamination and building on previous critiques of the standards, we identified how the ideological commitments of the NGSS hinder their applicability to community issues. We examine latent ideological commitments in the performance expectations (PEs) and disciplinary core ideas as they relate to historical and present causes and consequences of urban heavy metal contamination. Whereas the scientific enterprise and chemical industry produce harms and benefits, the NGSS focus on benefits and ignore that both harms and benefits of science are unevenly distributed. Given the pressure on teachers to implement the NGSS, this paper presents examples from collaborative curriculum development efforts that meet PEs while pushing students to ask critical questions and engage with their communities to challenge the standards’ alignment with the chemical industry. Ultimately, we argue that the NGSS position teachers as promoters of the status quo of the scientific enterprise and we document possibilities for the role of science teachers in US schools that are more transformative.
Morphology‐Controlled Synthesis of CuO, CuO Rod/MWW Composite for Advanced Oxidation of Indole and Benzothiophene
Authors: Fard Narges Elmi , Fazaeli Reza , Yousefi Mohammad , Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVarious morphologies of copper (II) oxide (CuO) such as dandelion, sea anemone, walnut, leaf, dendrite, rod, fiber, feather, and flake were synthesized and characterized by different methods. The oxidation of indole (IND) and benzothiophene (BT) in mild conditions was studied by various morphologies of CuO. Walnut with the lowest surface area 7.928 (m2g−1) and rod with a high surface area 41.237 (m2g−1) had efficiencies of 5.93% and 91.44% for IND and 0.53% and 88.29% for BT at 4 h, respectively. Zeolite MWW was synthesized by microwave and hydrothermal method on which CuO rod was loaded via wet impregnation method. The results indicated that CuO rod/MWW composite considerably outperformed CuO rod. The oxidations of IND and BT by CuO rod/MWW composite for 75 min was 99.99 and 97.67%, respectively. Based on the results across all experiments, the oxidation of the IND was higher than that of BT. CuO rod/MWW composite was shown to be an efficient catalyst for oxidation of nitrogen and sulfur heterocycles.
Proline‐derived Monodentate Organocatalyst for Asymmetric Reduction of Imine with HSiCl3
Authors: Li Qiang , Li Yuan , Yang Qingbiao , Bai Fuquan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn organocatalyst was developed for the reduction of imines with a rational reaction process and new mechanism that the hydrogen proton triggered the reaction other than the nucleophilic hydrogen from HSiCl3 based on extensive theoretical calculations, which was different from the previous study. The Electronic Static Potential and Fukui function indicate that the azobenzene moiety of the catalyst effectively is beneficial to enhance the attraction of electrons and stabilize the π‐π stacking between the catalyst and reactant. Furthermore, the entire catalytic process was simulated by theoretical calculations, which indicated that the single carbonyl ligand of the N–formyl–proline derivative activated HSiCl3, instead of the bidentate ligand. Utilizing the concept of green chemistry, the catalyst could be recycled using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles through the self‐assembly method with only a slight decrease in activity.
Transport Phenomena in Zeolites in View of Graph Theory and Pseudo‐Phase Transition
Authors: Cai Dali , Xiong Hao , Zhang Chenxi , Wei Fei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTransport phenomena play an essential role in catalysis. While zeolite catalysis is widely applied in industrial chemical processes, its efficiency is often limited by the transport rate in the micropores of the zeolite. Experimental and theoretical methods are useful for understanding the transport phenomena on multiscale levels. Traditional diffusion models usually use a linear driving force and an isotropic continuum medium, such that transport in a hierarchical catalyst structure and the occurrence of nonlinear deactivation cannot be well understood. Due to the presence of spatial confinement and an ordered structure, some aspects of the transport in a zeolite cannot be regarded as continuum phenomena and discrete models are being developed to explain these. Graph theory and small‐world networks are powerful tools that have allowed pseudo‐phase transition phenomena and other nontrivial relationships to be clearly revealed. Discrete models that include graph theory can build a bridge between microscopic quantum physics and macroscopic catalyst engineering in both the space and time scales. For a fuller understanding of transport phenomena in diverse fields, several theoretical methods need to be combined for a comprehensive multiscale analysis.
Rapid Production of Cell‐Laden Microspheres Using a Flexible Microfluidic Encapsulation Platform
Authors: Seeto Wen J. , Tian Yuan , Pradhan Shantanu , Kerscher Petra , Lipke Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study establishes a novel microfluidic platform for rapid encapsulation of cells at high densities in photocrosslinkable microspherical hydrogels including poly(ethylene glycol)‐diacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol)‐fibrinogen, and gelatin methacrylate. Cell‐laden hydrogel microspheres are advantageous for many applications from drug screening to regenerative medicine. Employing microfluidic systems is considered the most efficient method for scale‐up production of uniform microspheres. However, existing platforms have been constrained by traditional microfabrication techniques for device fabrication, restricting microsphere diameter to below 200 µm and making iterative design changes time‐consuming and costly. Using a new molding technique, the microfluidic device employs a modified T‐junction design with readily adjustable channel sizes, enabling production of highly uniform microspheres with cell densities (10–60 million cells mL−1) and a wide range of diameters (300–1100 µm), which are critical for realizing downstream applications, through rapid photocrosslinking (≈1 s per microsphere). Multiple cell types are encapsulated at rates of up to 1 million cells per min, are evenly distributed throughout the microspheres, and maintain high viability and appropriate cellular activities in long‐term culture. This microfluidic encapsulation platform is a valuable and readily adoptable tool for numerous applications, including supporting injectable cell therapy, bioreactor‐based cell expansion and differentiation, and high throughput tissue sphere‐based drug testing assays.
Bioinspired Peptoid Nanotubes for Targeted Tumor Cell Imaging and Chemo‐Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Luo Yanan , Song Yang , Wang Mingming , Jian Tengyue , Ding Shichao , Mu Peng , Liao Zhihao , Shi Qiurong , Cai Xiaoli , Jin Haibao , Du Dan , Dong Wen‐Ji , Chen Chun‐Long , Lin Yuehe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSubstantial progress has been made in applying nanotubes in biomedical applications such as bioimaging and drug delivery due to their unique architecture, characterized by very large internal surface areas and high aspect ratios. However, the biomedical applications of organic nanotubes, especially for those assembled from sequence‐defined molecules, are very uncommon. In this paper, the synthesis of two new peptoid nanotubes (PepTs1 and PepTs2) is reported by using sequence‐defined and ligand‐tagged peptoids as building blocks. These nanotubes are highly robust due to sharing a similar structure to those of nontagged ones, and offer great potential to hold guest molecules for biomedical applications. The findings indicate that peptoid nanotubes loaded with doxorubicin drugs are promising candidates for targeted tumor cell imaging and chemo‐photodynamic therapy.
Unconventional Atomic Structure of Graphene Sheets on Solid Substrates
Authors: Zhang Jinjin , Yang Yizhou , Yang Shuo , Song Jie , Wang Ying , Liu Xiaoguo , Yang Qingqing , Shen Yue , Wang Shuo , Yang Haijun , Lü Junhong , Li Bin , Fang Haiping , Lal Ratnesh , Czajkowsky Daniel M. , Hu Jun , Shi Guosheng , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe atomic structure of free‐standing graphene comprises flat hexagonal rings with a 2.5 Å period, which is conventionally considered the only atomic period and determines the unique properties of graphene. Here, an unexpected highly ordered orthorhombic structure of graphene is directly observed with a lattice constant of ≈5 Å, spontaneously formed on various substrates. First‐principles computations show that this unconventional structure can be attributed to the dipole between the graphene surface and substrates, which produces an interfacial electric field and induces atomic rearrangement on the graphene surface. Further, the formation of the orthorhombic structure can be controlled by an artificially generated interfacial electric field. Importantly, the 5 Å crystal can be manipulated and transformed in a continuous and reversible manner. Notably, the orthorhombic lattice can control the epitaxial self‐assembly of amyloids. The findings reveal new insights about the atomic structure of graphene, and open up new avenues to manipulate graphene lattices.
Microfluidics‐Assisted Assembly of Injectable Photonic Hydrogels toward Reflective Cooling
Authors: Zhu Zhijie , Liu Ji‐Dong , Liu Chang , Wu Xingjiang , Li Qing , Chen Su , Zhao Xin , Weitz David A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDevelopment of fast curing and easy modeling of colloidal photonic crystals is highly desirable for various applications. Here, a novel type of injectable photonic hydrogel (IPH) is proposed to achieve self‐healable structural color by integrating microfluidics‐derived photonic supraballs with supramolecular hydrogels. The supramolecular hydrogel is engineered via incorporating β‐cyclodextrin/poly(2‐hydroxypropyl acrylate‐co‐N‐vinylimidazole) (CD/poly(HPA‐co‐VI)) with methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and serves as a scaffold for colloidal crystal arrays. The photonic supraballs derived from the microfluidics techniques, exhibit excellent compatibility with the hydrogel scaffolds, leading to enhanced assembly efficiency. By virtue of hydrogen bonds and host–guest interactions, a series of self‐healable photonic hydrogels (linear, planar, and spiral assemblies) can be facilely assembled. It is demonstrated that the spherical symmetry of the photonic supraballs endows them with identical optical responses independent of viewing angles. In addition, by taking the advantage of angle independent spectrum characteristics, the IPH presents beneficial effects in reflective cooling, which can achieve up to 17.4 °C in passive solar reflective cooling. The strategy represents an easy‐to‐perform platform for the construction of IPH, providing novel insights into macroscopic self‐assembly toward thermal management applications.