bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PTHrP, A Biomarker for CNS Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Selection for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Node-Negative Disease
Authors: Assaker Gloria , Camirand Anne , Abdulkarim Bassam , Omeroglu Atilla , Deschenes Jean , Joseph Kurian , Noman Abu Shadat Mohammod , Ramana Kumar Agnihotram V , Kremer Richard , Sabri Siham 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by poor prognosis and lack of targeted therapies and biomarkers to guide decisions on adjuvant chemotherapy. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer and involved in proliferation and metastasis, two hallmarks of poor prognosis for node-negative breast cancer. We investigated the prognostic value of PTHrP with respect to organ-specific metastasis and nodal status in TNBC.MethodsWe assessed PTHrP expression using immunohistochemistry in a clinically annotated tissue microarray for a population-based study of 314 patients newly diagnosed with TNBC, then analyzed its correlation to progression and survival using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) validation analysis was performed through Bioconductor. All statistical tests were two-sided.ResultsPTHrP overexpression (160 of 290 scorable cases, 55.2%) was statistically significantly associated in univariate analysis with decreased overall survival (OS) in our cohort (P = .0055) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (P = .0018) and decreased central nervous system (CNS)-progression-free survival (P = .0029). In multivariate analysis, PTHrP was a statistically significant independent prognostic factor for CNS-progression-free survival in TNBC (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.014, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.421 to 17.692, P = .0122) and for OS selectively in node-negative TNBC (HR = 2.423, 95% CI = 1.129 to 5.197, P = .0231). Strikingly, PTHrP emerged as the only statistically significant prognostic factor (HR = 2.576, 95% CI = 1.019 to 6.513, P = .0456) for OS of low-clinical risk node-negative patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionsPTHrP is a novel independent prognostic factor for CNS metastasis and adjuvant chemotherapy selection of low-clinical risk node-negative TNBC. Its predictive value needs to be prospectively assessed in clinical trials.
Neonatal Toxic Shock Syndrome–Like Exanthematous Disease in North America
Authors: Freeman Megan Culler , Mitchell Stephanie , Ibrahim John , Williams John V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Neonatal toxic shock syndrome (TSS)-like exanthematous disease (NTED) is a syndrome first reported in Japan. Neonates develop systemic exanthema, thrombocytopenia, and fever usually during the first week of life. The disease is distinguished from frank TSS because affected infants are not severely ill and do not meet TSS criteria. Most infants are confirmed to be colonized with TSST-1 producing strains of S. aureus. Suggested diagnostic criteria for NTED include a skin rash with generalized macular erythema and one of the following symptoms: fever &gt;38.0°C, thrombocytopenia &lt;150 x103uL, or low positive C-reactive protein (1-5 mg/dL) in the absence of another known disease process. NTED is common in Japanese NICUs, but outside Japan, only one case has been reported in France. We describe the first case of NTED reported in North America.
Limiting Vancomycin Exposure in Pediatric Oncology Patients With Febrile Neutropenia May Be Associated With Decreased Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Incidence
Authors: Karandikar Manjiree V , Milliren Carly E , Zaboulian Robin , Peiris Poornima , Sharma Tanvi , Place Andrew E , Sandora Thomas J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Limited data exists regarding the effects of empiric antibiotic use in pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) on the development of antibiotic resistance. We evaluated the impact of a change in our empiric FN guideline limiting vancomycin exposure on the development of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in pediatric oncology patients.

Methods
Retrospective, quasi-experimental, single-center study using interrupted timeseries analysis in oncology patients aged ≤18 years with at least 1 admission for FN between 2009 and 2015. Risk strata incorporated diagnosis, chemotherapy phase, Down syndrome, septic shock, and typhlitis. Microbiologic data and inpatient antibiotic use were obtained by chart review. Segmented Poisson regression was used to compare VRE incidence and antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) before and after the intervention.

Results
We identified 285 patients with 697 FN episodes pre-intervention and 309 patients with 691 FN episodes postintervention. The proportion of high-risk episodes was similar in both periods (49% vs 48%). Empiric vancomycin DOT/1000 FN days decreased from 315 pre-intervention to 164 post-intervention (P &lt; .01) in high-risk episodes and from 199 to 115 in standard risk episodes (P &lt; .01). Incidence of VRE/1000 patient-days decreased significantly from 2.53 pre-intervention to 0.90 post-intervention (incidence rate ratio, 0.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.47; P = .002).

Conclusions
A FN guideline limiting empiric vancomycin exposure was associated with a decreased incidence of VRE among pediatric oncology patients. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions are feasible in immunocompromised patients and can impact antibiotic resistance.
The End of Sodomy: Law, Prosecution Patterns, and the Evanescent Will to Knowledge in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands, 1770–1830
Authors: Hofman Elwin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article analyses discourses concerning male same-sex sexuality produced in the context of law and policing in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands between 1770 and 1830. Intervening in the debate over the making of “the homosexual” and the change from homosexual “acts” to “identities,” I argue that shifts in sexual discourses were not linear. In the late eighteenth century, the courts and the police displayed a strong “will to knowledge” in same-sex sexual matters, collecting, requesting, and recording discourses on inclination and, in some regions, even innateness. This will to knowledge all but disappeared in the early nineteenth century, when in the aftermath of the official decriminalization of sodomy, same-sex sexual acts became mostly devoid of further meaning in legal and police records. The emergence of sexual discourses was therefore uneven.
Access to the Trade: Monopoly and Mobility in European Craft Guilds in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Authors: Prak Maarten , Crowston Clare Haru , De Munck Bert , Kissane Christopher , Minns Chris , Schalk Ruben , Wallis Patrick 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
One of the standard objections against guilds in the premodern world has been their exclusiveness. Guilds have been portrayed as providing unfair advantages to the children of established masters and locals, over immigrants and other outsiders. Privileged access to certain professions and industries is seen as a source of inequality and a disincentive for technological progress. In this paper, we examine this assumption by studying the composition of guild masters and apprentices from a large sample of European towns and cities from 1600 to 1800, focusing on the share who were children of masters or locals. These data offer an indirect measurement of the strength of guild barriers and, by implication, of their monopolies. We find very wide variation between guilds in practice, but most guild masters and apprentices were immigrants or unrelated locals: openness was much more common than closure, especially in larger centers. Our understanding of guild “monopolies” and exclusivity is in need of serious revision.
To “Labour with a Greater Sense of Safety”: First Aid, Civic Duty, and Risk Management in the British Working Class, 1870–1914
Authors: Isaac Esther , Bajramovic Alisa , Miller Isabel , Pan Chelsea , Ratté Emily , Vicente Kliot Anton 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Much has been written about British ideals of citizenship in the face of heightened social discord, particularly in times of war. There is a lack of analysis, however, relating notions of civic duty to the risks faced by British people in their everyday lives. Further, most scholarship on civic duty as it relates to the perception and management of risk focuses on the twentieth century and, in particular, the World Wars. This article seeks to examine civic participation in an earlier time period—from 1870 to 1914—through the lens of the civilian first-aid movement. We argue that first aid presented working-class men with a way to manage novel forms of risk introduced by new and dangerous technologies in the workplace and in their daily lives. Applying first-aid training provided these men with a way to participate in a burgeoning working-class culture of self-reliance, altruism, and civic duty. This article contributes to the discussion surrounding expressions of citizenship in the civilian realm and presents a new perspective on the significance of the British first-aid movement.
The First Peronists: Indigenous Leaders, Populism, and the Argentine Nation-State
Authors: Mathias Christine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article examines indigenous contributions to nation-state formation in Argentina during the first and second presidencies of Juan Perón (1946–55). Perón recognized indigenous people as Argentine citizens and attempted to reorganize the state institutions responsible for their welfare, but he did not institute special policies to improve their dismal living conditions. Moreover, state agents continued to use violence against indigenous communities, sometimes with terrifying results. Nonetheless, many indigenous leaders, known as caciques, embraced both the rhetoric of Peronism and the principles of populism. Their political engagement had mixed results, but its symbolic impact was profound. Peronist caciques made national politics relevant to indigenous communities, expanded their horizons of possibility, and helped to integrate them into the Argentine nation-state. Focusing on such understudied intermediaries helps explain populism’s enduring, paradoxical appeal in the Argentine interior.
A bayesian-like approach to derive chemical abundances in type-2 active galactic nuclei based on photoionization models
Authors: Pérez-Montero E , Dors O L , Vílchez J M , García-Benito R , Cardaci M V , Hägele G F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present a new methodology for the analysis of the emission lines of the interstellar medium in the narrow-line regions around type-2 active galactic nuclei. Our aim is to provide a recipe that can be used for large samples of objects in a consistent way using different sets of optical emission lines that takes into the account possible variations from the O/H–N/O relation to use [N ii] lines. Our approach consists of a bayesian-like comparison between certain observed emission-line ratios sensitive to total oxygen abundance, nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio, and ionization parameter with the predictions from a large grid of photoionization models calculated under the most usual conditions in this environment. We applied our method to a sample of Seyfert 2 galaxies with optical emission-line fluxes and determinations of their chemical properties from detailed models in the literature. Our results agree within the errors with other results and confirm the high metallicity of the objects of the sample, with N/O values consistent with a large secondary production of N, but with a large dispersion. The obtained ionization parameters for this sample are much larger than those for star-forming object at the same metallicity.
Dusty clumps in circumbinary discs
Authors: Poblete Pedro P , Cuello Nicolás , Cuadra Jorge 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Recent observations have revealed that protoplanetary discs often exhibit cavities and azimuthal asymmetries such as dust traps and clumps. The presence of a stellar binary system in the inner disc regions has been proposed to explain the formation of these structures. Here, we study the dust and gas dynamics in circumbinary discs around eccentric and inclined binaries. This is done through two-fluid simulations of circumbinary discs, considering different values of the binary eccentricity and inclination. We find that two kinds of dust structures can form in the disc: a single horseshoe-shaped clump, on top of a similar gaseous over-density; or numerous clumps, distributed along the inner disc rim. The latter features form through the complex interplay between the dust particles and the gaseous spirals caused by the binary. All these clumps survive between one and several tens of orbital periods at the feature location. We show that their evolution strongly depends on the gas–dust coupling and the binary parameters. Interestingly, these asymmetric features could in principle be used to infer or constrain the orbital parameters of a stellar companion – potentially unseen – inside the inner disc cavity. Finally, we apply our findings to the disc around AB Aurigae.
Kinematic signatures of cluster formation from cool collapse in the Lagoon Nebula cluster NGC 6530
Authors: Wright Nicholas J , Parker Richard J 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We examine the mass dependence of the velocity dispersion of stars in the young cluster NGC 6530 to better understand how it formed. Using a large sample of members we find that the proper motion velocity dispersion increases with stellar mass. While this trend is the opposite of that predicted if the cluster were developing energy equipartition, it is in agreement with recent N-body simulations that find such a trend develops because of the Spitzer instability. In these simulations the massive stars sink to the centre of the cluster and form a self-gravitating system with a higher velocity dispersion. If the cluster has formed by the cool collapse of an initially substructured distribution, then this occurs within 1–2 Myr, in agreement with our observations of NGC 6530. We therefore conclude that NGC 6530 formed from much more extended initial conditions and has since collapsed to form the cluster we see now. This cluster formation model is inconsistent with the idea that all stars form in dense, compact clusters and provides the first dynamical evidence that star clusters can form by hierarchical mergers between subclusters.
Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae)
Authors: Rismiller Peggy D , Grutzner Frank 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTachyglossus aculeatus (Shaw, 1792) is a monotreme commonly called the short-beaked echidna. Although considered Australia’s most common native mammal because of its continent-wide distribution, its population numbers everywhere are low. It is easily distinguished from all other native Australian mammals because of its spine-covered body, hairless beak, and unique “rolling” gait. The five subspecies, one of which is found in Papua New Guinea, show variations in fur density, spine diameter, length, and number of grooming claws. The Kangaroo Island short-beaked echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus multiaculeatus is listed as “Endangered” but all other Tachyglossus are listed as “Least Concern” in the 2016 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List.
Polymerase synthesis of four-base DNA from two stable dimeric nucleotides
Authors: Mohsen Michael G , Ji Debin , Kool Eric T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We document the preparation and properties of dimerized pentaphosphate-bridged deoxynucleotides (dicaptides) that contain reactive components of two different nucleotides simultaneously. Importantly, dicaptides are found to be considerably more stable to hydrolysis than standard dNTPs. Steady-state kinetics studies show that the dimers exhibit reasonably good efficiency with the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I, and we identify thermostable enzymes that process them efficiently at high temperature. Experiments show that the dAp5dT dimer successfully acts as a combination of dATP and dTTP in primer extension reactions, and the dGp5dC dimer as a combination of dGTP and dCTP. The two dimers in combination promote successful 4-base primer extension. The final byproduct of the reaction, triphosphate, is shown to be less inhibitory to primer extension than pyrophosphate, the canonical byproduct. Finally, we document PCR amplification of DNA with two dimeric nucleotides, and show that the dimers can promote amplification under extended conditions when PCR with normal dNTPs fails. These dimeric nucleotides represent a novel and simple approach for increasing stability of nucleotides and avoiding inhibition from pyrophosphate.
Medulloblastomas associated with an APC germline pathogenic variant share the good prognosis of CTNNB1-mutated medulloblastomas
Authors: Surun Aurore , Varlet Pascale , Brugières Laurence , Lacour Brigitte , Faure-Conter Cécile , Leblond Pierre , Bertozzi-Salomon Anne-Isabelle , Berger Claire , André Nicolas , Sariban Eric , Raimbault Sandra , Prieur Fabienne , Desseigne Françoise , Zattara Hélène , Guimbaud Rosine , Polivka Marc , Delisle Marie-Bernadette , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Maurage Claude-Alain , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Coulet Florence , Guerrini-Rousseau Léa , Alapetite Claire , Dufour Christelle , Colas Chrystelle , Doz François , Bourdeaut Franck 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Medulloblastomas may occur in a predisposition context, including familial adenomatosis polyposis. Medulloblastomas related to a germline pathogenic variant of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) remain rare and poorly described. Their similarities with sporadic WNT medulloblastomas still require description.

Methods
We performed a multicentric retrospective review of 12 patients treated between 1988 and 2018 for medulloblastoma with an identified or highly suspected (personal or familial history) APC germline pathogenic variant. We report personal and familial history APC gene pathogenic variants whenever available: clinical and histologic characteristics of the medulloblastoma, treatments, and long-term outcome, including second tumor and late sequelae.

Results
Medulloblastomas associated with APC pathogenic variants are mainly classic (11/11 patients, 1 not available), nonmetastatic (10/12 patients) medulloblastomas, with nuclear immunoreactivity for ß-catenin (9/9 tested cases). Ten of 11 assessable patients are disease free with a median follow-up of 10.7 years (range, 1–28 y). Secondary tumors included desmoid tumors in 7 patients (9 tumors), 1 thyroid carcinoma, 2 pilomatricomas, 1 osteoma, 1 vertebral hemangioma, and 1 malignant triton in the radiation field, which caused the only cancer-related death in our series.

Conclusions
Medulloblastomas associated with an APC pathogenic variant have an overall favorable outcome, even for metastatic tumors. Yet, long-term survival is clouded by second tumor occurrence; treatment may play some role in some of these second malignancies. Our findings raise the question of applying a de-escalation therapeutic protocol to treat patients with APC germline pathogenic variants given the excellent outcome, and reduced intensity of craniospinal irradiation may be further evaluated.
Potential role of strike-slip faults in opening up the South China Sea
Authors: Huang Chi-Yue , Wang Pinxian , Yu Mengming , You Chen-Feng , Liu Char-Shine , Zhao Xixi , Shao Lei , Zhong Guangfa , Yumul Graciano P 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRadiometric dates of key rock units indicate that a remnant Late Mesozoic ocean of the Huatung Basin is still preserved today east of the South China Sea (SCS). We integrate regional geology with a Cretaceous oceanic basement in the vicinity of the Huatung Basin to reconstruct the Huatung Plate east of the Eurasian continent. Results of geophysical investigations, four expeditions of deep-sea drilling and a renaissance of regional geology allow us to propose a hypothesis that the mechanism responsible for the SCS opening was raised from strike-slip fault on the east. The hypothesis suggests that the SCS opening could highly relate to the strike-slip faults inherited from Late Mesozoic structures onshore–offshore the SE Cathaysia Block to develop rhombic-shaped extensional basins en echelon on the thinned Eurasian continental crust in the Early Cenozoic. It was followed by sinistral strike-slip movements along the boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Huatung Plate driven by oblique subduction of the Huatung Plate to the northwest coupled with slab-pull force by southward subduction of the Proto-SCS to open up the triangle-shaped oceanic East Sub-basin in the Early Oligocene (33/34 Ma). The spreading ridge then propagated southwestward in the step-over segment between the Zhongnan-Lile and the Red River strike-slip fault systems to open the triangle-shaped oceanic Southwest Sub-basin by 23 Ma. The plate boundary fault was subsequently converted into the Manila Trench when the Eocene Sierra Madre arc of the Huatung Plate had moved from the south to its present latitude by the Middle Miocene.
Postsynthetic functionalization of covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Yusran Yusran , Guan Xinyu , Li Hui , Fang Qianrong , Qiu Shilun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been at the forefront of porous-material research in recent years. With predictable structural compositions and controllable functionalities, the structures and properties of COFs could be controlled to achieve targeted materials. On the other hand, the predesigned structure of COFs allows fruitful postsynthetic modifications to introduce new properties and functions. In this review, the postsynthetic functionalizations of COFs are discussed and their impacts towards structural qualities and performances are comparatively elaborated on. The functionalization involves the formation of specific interactions (covalent or coordination/ionic bonds) and chemical reactions (oxidation/reduction reaction) with pendant groups, skeleton and reactive linkages of COFs. The chemical stability and performance of COFs including catalytic activity, storage, sorption and opto-electronic properties might be enhanced by specific postsynthetic functionalization. The generality of these strategies in terms of chemical reactions and the range of suitable COFs places them as a pivotal role for the development of COF-based smart materials.