bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The identification of traps in HfO2-based FeFET with SiON as an interlayer using current transient method
Authors: Zhou Lixing , Cui Jialu , Wang Xiaolei , Tian Fengbin , Zhu Hui , Gong Manru , Dai Cong , Zhang Yamin , Feng Shiwei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the current transient and trap characteristics of Si FeFET with HfZrO ferroelectric and SiON as the interfacial layer. The trap characteristics in the trapping/detrapping process based on the drain current and gate leakage current transients are analyzed. Four traps, denoted as DP1 (τ ∼ 0.1 s), DP2 (τ ∼ 1 s), DP3 (τ ∼ 10 s), and DP4 (τ ∼ 50 s), with different time constants are demonstrated. It is discovered that DP1 and DP2 are thermally activated with activation energies of 0.2 eV and 0.05 eV, respectively. DP3 and DP4 are not thermally activated. According to the different time constants and activation energies as well as the dependence of the gate and drain trapping voltages, the possible positions of these traps are identified as follows: DP1 is the HfZrO bulk trap, and DP2 is near the HfZrO/SiON interface. DP3 and DP4 are traps with different time constants near the Si/SiON interface.
On topological indices of certain families of graphs
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Farahani Muhammad Reza , Cancan Murat , Alaeiyan Mehdi , Akgül Ali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to compute topological indices such as general randic index, general sum connectivity index, atom bond connectivity index, geometric arithmetic index, forgotten index, first zagreb index, second zagreb index, first multiple zagreb index, second multiple zagreb index and hyper zagreb index of different families of graphs.
Meander line loaded 2-port stepped impedance feed slotted MIMO antenna for C and lower X-band communication
Authors: Singh Aditya Kumar , Dwivedi Ajay Kumar , Varma Kalidindi Naga Venkata Suresh , Pandey Akhilesh Kumar , Singh Vivek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this communication, a wideband 2-Port Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna of the dimension of 0.13 λ0 × 0.68 λ0 × 0.02 λ0 mm3 (λ0, measured at a lower frequency is 4.43 GHz) is investigated for the C-band and Partial X-Band Applications. The concept of defective ground is introduced to enhance the impedance bandwidth by engraving the rectangular slots. In the proposed configuration a mender line is incorporated as a decoupling network between the antenna elements to enhance the isolation (>18 dB). The quarter wavelength long stepped impedance matched transmission line is used to excite the proposed configurations. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is (4.43–9.85 GHz)/ 83%. To explore the diversity of the MIMO system the ECC < 0.04, DG > 9.8 dB, and CCL< 0.3 bps Hz−1 are reported. Excellent agreement between simulation and measured results is obtained, justifying the MIMO antenna’s applicability for wireless applications.
A novel plasma optical emission spectroscopy method with neural network model for improving the accuracy of plasma diagnostics in low-temperature xenon plasma
Authors: Wang Yan-Fei , Zhu Xi-Ming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is an important technique for plasma diagnostics. However, random deviations in emission spectra measurements are inevitable due to instrumental imperfections and other interferences. In scenarios requiring high temporal resolution measurements, where repeated measurements are impractical, these random errors pose significant challenges for accurate plasma diagnostics. This work introduces a novel OES method that utilizes a neural network model to suppress random deviations in emission spectra measurements. The dataset for training neural network is generated using a comprehensive collisional-radiative model combined with an instrument disturbance model. The novel method is demonstrated on a microwave electron-cyclotron-resonance discharge chamber. The results show that the novel method reduces the random deviation in electron temperature and density to less than 3%, which represents a significant improvement over traditional methods. Additionally, the new OES method offers enhanced timeliness, making it particularly promising for online monitoring applications.
Highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber sensor for detection of hemoglobin and sucrose concentration
Authors: Monazah Seyede Mahboobeh Mousavi , Salehi Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this research, a flower-shape photonic crystal fiber sensor is proposed and designed. In this sensor, the most electromagnetic field is concentrated in the core part of the flower causing a surprising increase in the sensitivity of the sensor. Gold is used as a plasmonic material for stability in the environment. The analyte is placed outside the sensor and it makes the possibility of fabrication simple. The geometrical parameters of the sensor are optimized with the Nelder Mead algorithm. The detection power of the sensor is in the bio range and in this research, it is proposed to determine the concentration of sucrose and the concentration of hemoglobin. Taking advantage of the amazing geometry of nested circles to confine the electromagnetic field in the center of the fiber and increase the sensitivity of the sensor is a significant achievement. Using the optimal algorithm for design leads to the adaptation of the optimal geometry and the efficient construction of the sensor. The results show an excellent amplitude sensitivity of 5285 (RIU−1) and a suitable wavelength sensitivity of 11000 (nm RIU−1).
Tunable unidirectional reflectionlessness based on vanadium dioxide in a non-Hermitian metamaterial
Authors: Yuan Wenxuan , Zhang Ying Qiao , Jin Xing Ri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We propose a non-Hermitian metamaterial based on double split rings embedded in polymide and connected by vanadium dioxide blocks, and investigate the tunable unidirectional reflectionlessness at exceptional points in THz region. The conductivity of vanadium dioxide can vary from 2 × 102 S/m (insulator state) to 2 × 105 S/m (metal state) to shift the unidirectional reflectionlessnesses with unidirectional absorptions from 0.57 THz to 0.54 THz (the polarization angle θ = 0) and from 0.53 THz to 0.50 THz (the polarization angle θ = 90∘), respectively. In addition, unidirectional reflectionlessnesses also can be switched by adjusting the polarization angle θ of incident wave from 0 to 90∘. With these findings, this study may open an attractive direction for a wide range of design possibilities in terms of unidirectional invisibility, diode-like device, filters and so on.
The bispectrum in Lagrangian perturbation theory
Authors: Chen Shi-Fan , Vlah Zvonimir , White Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study the bispectrum in Lagrangian perturbation theory. Extending past results for the power spectrum, we describe a method to efficiently compute the bispectrum in LPT, focusing on the Zeldovich approximation, in which contributions due to linear displacements are captured to all orders in a manifestly infrared (IR) safe way. We then isolate the effects of these linear displacements on oscillatory components of the power spectrum like baryon acoustic oscillations or inflationary primordial features and show that the Eulerian perturbation theory (EPT) prescription wherein their effects are resummed by a Gaussian damping of the oscillations arise as a saddle-point approximation of our calculation. These two methods of IR resummation are in excellent agreement at 1-loop in the bispectrum. At tree level, resummed EPT does less well to capture the nonlinear damping of the oscillations, and the LPT calculation does not require an artificial split of the power spectrum into smooth and oscillatory components, making the latter particularly useful for modeling exotic features. We finish by extending our analysis of IR resummation in LPT to N-point functions of arbitrary order.
Mass modeling and kinematics of galaxy clusters in modified gravity
Authors: Pizzuti Lorenzo , Boumechta Yacer , Haridasu Sandeep , Pombo Alexandre M. , Dossena Sofia , Butt Minahil Adil , Benetti Francesco , Baccigalupi Carlo , Lapi Andrea 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The chameleon screening mechanism has been constrained many a time using dynamic and kinematic galaxy cluster observables. Current constraints are, however, insensitive to different mass components within galaxy clusters and have been mainly focused on a single mass density profile, the Navarro-Frenk-White mass density model. In this work, we extend the study of the Chameleon screening mechanism in galaxy clusters by considering a series of mass density models, namely: generalized-Navarro-Frenk-While, b-Navarro-Frenk-While, Burket, Isothermal and Einasto. The coupling strength (β) and asymptotic value of the chameleon field (ϕ
∞) are constrained by using kinematics analyses of simulated galaxy clusters, generated both assuming General Relativity and a strong chameleon scenario. By implementing a Bayesian analysis we comprehensively show that the biases introduced due to an incorrect assumption of the mass model are minimal. Similarly, we also demonstrate that a spurious detection of evidence for modifications to gravity is highly unlikely when utilizing the kinematics of galaxy clusters.
Neutrino emission in cold neutron stars: Bremsstrahlung and modified urca rates reexamined
Authors: Bottaro Salvatore , Caputo Andrea , Fiorillo Damiano F.G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Neutrino emission in cold neutron stars is dominated by the modified urca (murca) process and nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung. The standard emission rates were provided by Friman and Maxwell in 1979, effectively based on a chiral Lagrangian framework with pion and rho meson exchange, supplemented by Landau parameters to describe short-range interactions. We reevaluate these rates within
the same framework, correcting several errors and removing
unnecessary simplifications, notably the triangular approximation — where the Fermi momenta of protons and leptons negligible compared to that of neutrons — in MURCA, and quantify their importance.
The impact of rho meson exchange, previously argued to cancel with interference effects, is actually quite relevant. Altogether, the cooling rates are reduced by as much as a factor 2. We provide comprehensive analytical formulas encompassing all contributions, designed for straightforward numerical implementation. Our results are particularly relevant for studies of physics beyond the standard model, where the emission of new particles — such as axions — is typically computed within the same framework we adopt here.
Systematic research on the ground state properties of medium-mass neutron-rich nuclei*
Authors: He 何 Chen 晨 , Cao 曹 Xue-Neng 雪能 , Zhou 周 Xian-Xian 鲜鲜 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The recently developed relativistic-mean-field in complex momentum representation with the functional NL3* was used to explore the exotic properties of neutron-rich Pd, Cd, Te, and Xe isotopes. The results were compared with those obtained using the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (RHB) calculations and available experimental data. The single-particle levels were obtained for the bound and resonant states. The two neutron separation energies

and root mean square (rms) radii agree with the experimental data. It is shown that there is a halo structure in extremely neutron-rich

Te and

Xe, as well as a thick neutron skin in extremely neutron-rich Pd and Cd isotopes. From the numbers of neutrons (

) and (

) occupying the levels above the Fermi surface and zero-potential energy level, it was found that pairing correlations play an important role in the formation of halo phenomena. These findings are further supported by investigating

, rms radii, occupation probabilities, contributions of single-particle levels to the neutron rms radii, and density distributions. The neutron rms radii increased sharply, evidently deviating from the traditional rule

, and the density distributions were very diffuse. Finally, the contributions of different single-particle levels to the total neutron density and wavefunction are discussed. It was found that the sudden increase in the neutron rms radii and diffuse density distributions mainly arise from the resonant levels with a lower orbital angular momentum near the continuum threshold.
Constraining symmetry energy from pygmy dipole resonances in 68Ni and 132Sn*
Authors: Liu 刘 Ling 玲 , Lu 卢 Yu-Wei 宇威 , Sun 孙 Shuai 帅 , Cao 曹 Li-Gang 李刚 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We conduct a new investigation of the correlation at saturation (subsaturation) density between the density dependence of symmetry energy and the percentage of the energy-weighted sum rule (EWSR) exhausted by pygmy dipole resonances (PDR) in 68Ni and 132Sn. The calculations are performed within the Skyrme HF (or HF+BCS) plus random phase approximation (RPA) (or quasiparticle RPA) problem using SAMi-J effective interactions. The effect of pairing on the dipole strength distribution of 68Ni and density dependence of the symmetry energy is discussed. Slope parameter L and symmetry energy J at saturation (subsaturation) density are 41.8−90.2 MeV (39.3−64.1 MeV) and 28.0−32.5 MeV (23.0−23.8 MeV), respectively. They are consistent with the currently accepted values except for J at subsaturation density, which is slightly lower than the values obtained from nuclear mass difference measurements and electric dipole polarizability data.
Measurement of spherical tokamak plasma compression in the PCS-16 magnetized target fusion experiment
Authors: Howard S.J. , Reynolds M. , Froese A. , Zindler R. , Hildebrand M. , Mossman A. , Donaldson M. , Tyler T. , Froese D. , Eyrich C. , Epp K. , Bell K. , Carle P. , Gutjahr C. , Wong A. , Zawalski W. , Rablah B. , Sardari J. , McIlwraith L. , Bouchal R. , Wilkie J. , Ivanov R. , de Vietien P. , Khalzov I.V. , Barsky S. , Krotez D. , Delage M. , McNally C.P. , Laberge M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A sequence of magnetized target fusion devices built by General Fusion has compressed magnetically confined deuterium plasmas inside imploding aluminum liners. Here we describe the best-performing compression experiment, PCS-16, which was the fifth of the most recent experiments that compressed a spherical tokamak plasma configuration. In PCS-16, the plasma remained axisymmetric with

δ

B
pol

/

B
pol

<
20
%

to a high radial compression factor (

C

R

>
8

) with significant poloidal flux conservation (77% up to

C

R

=

1.7, and

≈

30
%

up to

C

R

=
8.65

) and a total compression time of 167

μ

s

. Magnetic energy of the plasma increased from 0.96 kJ poloidal and 17 kJ toroidal to a peak of 1.14 kJ poloidal and 29.9 kJ toroidal during the compression, while the thermal energy was in the range of 350 ± 25 J. Plasma equilibrium was a low-β state with

β
tor

≈
4
%

and

β
pol

≈
15
%

. Ingress of impurities from the lithium-coated aluminum wall was not the dominant effect. Neutron yield from D-D fusion increased significantly during compression. Thermodynamics during the early phase of compression (

C

R

<
1.7

) were consistent with increasing Ohmic heating of the electrons due to a geometric increase in the current density at near-constant resistivity, and with increasing ion cooling that approximately matched ion compression heating power. Ion cooling by electrons was significant because the electrons were much cooler than the ions (

T

e

=
200

eV

,

T

i

=
600

eV

). Magnetohydrodynamic simulations were used to model the emergence of instabilities that increase electron thermal transport in the final phase of compression. Conditions for ideal stability were actively maintained during compression through a current ramp applied to the central shaft and, after this current ramp reached its peak two-thirds of the way through compression, we measured a transition in plasma behavior across multiple diagnostics.
A novel translationally invariant supersymmetric chain with inverse-square interactions: partition function, thermodynamics and criticality
Authors: Basu-Mallick Bireswar , Finkel Federico , González-López Artemio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We introduce a novel family of translationally invariant

su

(
m

|

n
)

supersymmetric spin chains with long-range interaction not directly associated with a root system. We study the symmetries of this model, establishing in particular the existence of a boson–fermion duality characteristic of this type of system. Taking advantage of the relation of the new chains with an associated many-body supersymmetric spin dynamical model, we are able to compute their partition function in closed form for all values of m and n and for an arbitrary number of spins. When both m and n are even, we show that the partition function factorizes as the product of the partition functions of two supersymmetric Haldane–Shastry spin chains, which in turn leads to a simple expression for the thermodynamic free energy per spin in terms of the Perron eigenvalue of a suitable transfer matrix. We use this expression to study the thermodynamics of a large class of these chains, showing in particular that the specific heat presents a single Schottky peak at approximately the same temperature as a suitable k-level model. We also analyze the critical behavior of the new chains, and in particular, the ground-state degeneracy and the existence of low-energy excitations with a linear energy–momentum dispersion relation. In this way, we show that the only possible critical chains are those with

m
=
0
,
1
,
2

. In addition, using the explicit formula for the partition function we are able to establish the criticality of the

su

(
0

|

n
)

and

su

(
2

|

n
)

chains with even n, and to evaluate the central charge of their associated conformal field theory.
Analysis of flows in social media uncovers a new multi-step model of information spread
Authors: Serafino Matteo , Virginio Clemente Giulio , Flamino James , Szymanski Boleslaw K , Lizardo Omar , Makse Hernán A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since the advent of the internet, communication paradigms have continuously evolved, resulting in a present-day landscape where the dynamics of information dissemination have undergone a complete transformation compared to the past. In this study, we challenge the conventional two-step flow communication model, a long-standing paradigm in the field. Our approach introduces a more intricate multi-step and multi-actor model that effectively captures the complexities of modern information spread. We test our hypothesis by examining the spread of information on the Twitter platform. Our findings support the multi-step and multi-actor model hypothesis. In this framework, influencers (individuals with a significant presence in social media) emerge as new central figures and partially take on the role previously attributed to opinion leaders. However, this does not apply to opinion leaders who adapt and reaffirm their influential position on social media, here defined as opinion-leading influencers. Additionally, we note a substantial number of adopters directly accessing information sources, suggesting a potential decline in influence in both opinion leaders and influencers. Finally, we found distinctions in the diffusion patterns of left-/right-leaning groups, indicating variations in the underlying structure of information dissemination across different ideologies.
Fabrication of a natural nanocomposite from Syzygium cumini and squid bone waste decorated with Cu-Nps for simultaneous use in the triple method of photodynamic/photothermal/chemotherapy
Authors: Mehrabi Mohsen , Shaygan Shirazi Ali , Gharibzadeh Fatemeh , Shirkani Hossein , Ghaedi Amirhossein , Khoradmehr Arezoo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This work reports a new nano platform made from natural materials for phototherapy (PT) applications. For this purpose, calcium carbonate nanoparticles (NPs) derived from Persian Gulf squid bones as a drug carrier, Syzygium cumini (dye extracted from the fruit of the Persian Gulf trees) as a photosensitizer, and Doxorubicin as a chemotherapy (CHT) drug have been used. In addition, copper NPs were added to the above nanocomposition to increase the efficiency of photothermal (PTT) treatment. For PT, samples were irradiated by an 808 nm laser (1 W cm−2). The results show that nanocomposites play an influential role in the reactive oxygen species process, and an increase of 21 degrees in temperature during 15 min of laser radiation is effective in photodynamic (PDT)/PTT therapy. The drug loading capacity of the nanocomposite was calculated as 49%. This new nanocomposite for simultaneous PDT/PTT/CHT holds great promise for future cancer treatment due to its excellent potential in treatment and reduced systemic toxicity.
Sensitivity of the impact of aeolian sand cover on permafrost degradation in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau
Authors: Wang Luyang , Fu Ziteng , Jiang Guanli , Du Wenyan , Men Xinyu , Luo Dongliang , Wu Qingbai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Environmental transformations and intensifying desertification across the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau (QXP) are having a significant influence permafrost degradation, heightening the risks associated with carbon emissions, thermal hazards and infrastructural damage. However, the specific response of permafrost to desertification remains insufficiently understood. Here, we employed numerical modeling to examine the sensitivity of the impact of aeolian sand cover (ASC) on permafrost degradation. Our findings reveal that the thickness and moisture content of ASC profoundly affect permafrost degradation. Moreover, the thermal stability of permafrost and the rate of climatic warming modulate this degradation process. The simulation results identify two critical thickness thresholds for ASC: 20 cm and 80–120 cm. Specifically, dry ASC thinner than 20 cm accelerates permafrost degradation driven by desertification, whereas ASC thicker than 20 cm mitigates this effect. Furthermore, increased moisture in ASC extends the thickness threshold to 80–120 cm. These results suggest that climatic variations in the QXP, particularly transitions towards either warming–drying or warming–wetting, will markedly influence the response of permafrost to desertification. Notably, a warming–drying climate may reduce the potential degradation of permafrost caused by desertification. This study provides a critical reference for understanding the impact of aeolian desertification on permafrost in regions beyond the QXP. It holds significant policy implications for environmental conservation and infrastructure development within the plateau.
Improved water and sanitation in early life and cognition in adolescence: evidence from four countries*
Authors: Pakhtigian Emily L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Early life environmental exposures, such as drinking water quality and sanitation, can have long lasting effects on human capital accumulation. Using matched samples of over 8000 children across Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam, this paper examines the relationship between early life access to improved drinking water and improved sanitation and cognition at the age of fifteen. It finds that children with early life access to improved drinking water score 1.6–2.8 percentage points higher on math, reading, and vocabulary tests. A similar, yet less precisely measured, pattern emerges for early life access to improved sanitation. Analysis by gender shows that the effects of early life drinking water access are stronger and more precise among girls. An examination of pathways underlying these relationships provides preliminary evidence that learning over the life course is a leading mechanism. Quantifying these long-term cognitive benefits provides insight for directing and prioritizing resources for global efforts to increase equitable access to improved drinking water and sanitation.