bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐Term Trading Skills of Individuals, Institutions, and Foreigners: A New Approach Based on Relative Performance
Authors: Chay Jong‐Bom , Kim Wonse 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper evaluates the short‐term trading skills of three types of investor: individuals, institutions, and foreigners. Based on a dataset that identifies the types of sellers and buyers for all trades, we examine (i) how stock prices move contemporaneously with trading activities between investor types, and (ii) whether, given such price movements, one type of investor has superior skills in timing purchases (sales) of stocks over another type of investor. Using tests based on daily and weekly horizons, we find evidence that individuals have poor trading skills and provide liquidity to both institutions and foreigners. When domestic institutions trade with foreigners, we find that foreigners generally show superior trading skills.
The protective effect of cheese consumption at 18 months on allergic diseases in the first 6 years
Authors: Nicklaus Sophie , Divaret‐Chauveau Amandine , Chardon Marie‐Laure , Roduit Caroline , Kaulek Vincent , Ksiazek Eléa , Dalphin Marie‐Laure , Karvonen Anne M. , Kirjavainen Pirkka , Pekkanen Juha , Lauener Roger , Schmausser‐Hechfellner Elisabeth , Renz Harald , Braun‐Fahrländer Charlotte , Riedler Josef , Vuitton Dominique A. , Mutius Erika Von , Dalphin Jean‐Charles ,   Pasture Study Group
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of exposure to microorganisms on allergic diseases has been well studied. The protective effect of early food diversity against allergic diseases was previously shown in the PASTURE cohort study. The consumption of cheese, a food potentially rich in microbial diversity, deserves further examination. We aimed to evaluate whether cheese consumption is associated with allergic diseases.MethodsIn the PASTURE study (birth cohort in 5 European countries), data on feeding practices, environmental factors, and allergic diseases were collected by questionnaires from birth to 6 years (N = 931). Cheese consumption at 18 months of age was quantified in terms of frequency and diversity (ie, number of consumed types among 6 types: hard pressed, semipressed, soft, blue, fresh cheese, and cheese from the farm). Multiple logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the effect of cheese consumption on atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic sensitization at 6 years after adjustment for confounders of atopy.ResultsCheese consumption (vs. nonconsumption) had a significant protective effect on AD (OR = 0.51 [0.29‐0.90], P = 0.02) and FA (OR = 0.32, [0.15‐0.71], P = 0.004), but no effect on atopic sensitization, allergic rhinitis, and asthma at 6 years. This effect on AD and FA may be related to the diversity of consumed cheeses (OR = 0.64 [0.48‐0.85] per cheese type, P = 0.002; OR = 0.55 [0.33‐0.92], P = 0.02, respectively).ConclusionAlthough reverse causality cannot totally be ruled out, cheese diversity at 18 months had a protective effect against AD and FA at 6 years in addition to the protective effect of diversity of other foods.
Emergence and Aftermath: The (Un)Becoming of Resources and Identities in Northwestern Ecuador
Authors: Kneas David 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAlong the peripheries of mineral exploration, resources come and go, defined by periods of presence and absence. Though recent scholarship on “resource becoming” highlights the nonlinearity of subsoil resources, analyses of identity formation and resource conflict still tends to assume resource inevitability. Yet the ebbing of resource potential reflects on‐the‐ground social fields that have received little ethnographic attention. Such is the case in the Intag region of northwestern Ecuador, site of copper mineralization and an ongoing conflict over resource exploration. In this article, I examine the everyday relations between pro‐mining “mineros” and anti‐mining “ecologistas” during and after a conflict with Ascendant Copper, a junior company present between 2004 and 2008. Analyzing these local relations through the medium of social play, I describe the mediated and equivocated ways locals articulated these subject positions. This dynamic set the conditions for a distinct period of aftermath following Ascendant's departure, during which the significance ofmineroandecologistasubjectivities waned. While anthropologists have long approached emergent identities as processes of being and becoming, this article puts into sharper relief questions of degree and duration, highlighting the partial formation of these identities and the conditions through which they may subside. [identity, temporality, resource becoming, mining conflict, Ecuador]
To make one's name famous:
Authors: CHAPMAN SUSANNAH 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTRecent efforts to draft plant variety protection (PVP) legislation in The Gambia and sub‐Saharan Africa have sparked criticism from civil society organizations. Citing incongruences between intellectual property law and practices of farmer seed management, these organizations have emphasized the importance of “unfettered” seed exchange among farmers even as they have called for farmers to be granted certain exclusive rights to the varieties they develop. Where the appeals invoked a language of limits familiar to PVP, they also departed from Gambian farmers’ accounts of varietal innovation and its rewards. For farmers, attaining varietal namesakes that could travel across vast networks of farmers generated the rewards of innovation. In this way, farmers articulated a version of claims that pushes against the analytical limits set by calls for exclusive rights. [agriculture, intellectual property, innovation, value, nonhumans, Gambia, West Africa]
Labour Geographies of Workplace Restructuring: An Intra‐Labour Analysis
Authors: Warren Andrew 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInformed by labour geography's thrust to situate workers as active subjects of analysis, this article examines lived experiences of restructuring at Australia's single largest industrial workplace. Drawing on extended ethnographic research, the article traverses three restructuring outcomes faced by workers and their families: (1) job retention; (2) redundancy; and (3) re‐employment. Amid the turbulence and uncertainty of a major workplace restructuring episode, workers' different lived experiences illuminate uneven intra‐labour power relations. As capitalist workplaces are re‐organised and labour processes redefined, more conflictual and divisive relationships often develop among groups of workers differentially positioned within the hierarchical labour markets of large firms. Emphasising restructuring episodes as generative contexts for grounded labour geographies research, the article develops intra‐labour agency as a critical analytical frame to explore more deeply the agency implications of workplace structures, co‐worker relationships, and social life matters that shape workers' capacities for action inside and beyond workplaces.
Are women antenatally diagnosed with abnormally invasive placenta receiving optimal management in England? An observational study of planned place of delivery
Authors: Sargent Will , Collins Sally L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the planned place of delivery for women antenatally diagnosed with abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) in England and identify how many units regard themselves to be “specialist centers” for the management of AIP.Material and methodsObservational study of obstetric‐led units in England. An anonymous survey was sent to the delivery suite lead clinician in all 154 consultant‐led units throughout England. The main outcome measures were whether each unit planned to manage AIP “in‐house”, the estimated number of AIP cases delivered in the previous 5 years and whether the unit considered itself a “specialist center” for AIP management.ResultsIn all, 114 of 154 units responded (74%): 80 (70%) manage AIP cases “in‐house”, 23 (29%) of these report that they regard themselves “specialist centers” for AIP. The 23 “specialist centers” managed significantly more cases than “non‐specialist centers” (5.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.3‐7.3 vs 2.3, 95% CI 1.5‐3.1 cases/unit/year; P < .001); nearly one‐third of “non‐specialist centers” manage less than 1 case per year. Extrapolating the reported number of cases to all 154 obstetrician‐led delivery units produces an estimate of 5.2 cases per 10 000 births over the last 5 years.ConclusionsMost units plan to manage AIP “in‐house” despite encountering few cases each year. Centralizing care would allow the multidisciplinary team in each “specialist center” to develop significant experience in the management of this rare condition, leading to improved outcomes for the women.
Bevacizumab in age‐related macular degeneration: a randomized controlled trial on the effect of on‐demand therapy every 4 or 8 weeks
Authors: Amarakoon Sankha , Martinez‐Ciriano José P. , van den Born L. Ingeborgh , Baarsma Seerp , Missotten Tom 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeIntravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections are an effective treatment for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nARMD). Bevacizumab appears to be a cost‐effective off‐label anti‐VEGF alternative to ranibizumab, but an optimal injection schedule has not yet been determined. In this study, we investigate whether on‐demand bevacizumab treatment every 8 weeks is non‐inferior to on‐demand bevacizumab every 4 weeks in treating nARMD.MethodsA total of 120 nARMD patients were randomly assigned to an on‐demand regimen of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) every 4 (n = 60) or 8 weeks (n = 60). The primary outcome was visual acuity (VA) change after 1 year of treatment.ResultsVisual acuity (VA) improved between baseline and 1 year in both treatment groups. The mean change in the VA score at 1 year was not significantly different between bevacizumab administration on‐demand every 4 weeks [5.6 ± 10.2 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letter] or 8 weeks (4.6 ± 12.0 ETDRS letters). A reduction in the central retinal thickness was observed in both groups. At 1 year, the mean decrease in central foveal thickness ranged from 61 ± 90 μm in the 4‐week group to 91 ± 83 μm in the 8‐week group (p = 0.07). The mean number of IVB treatments during the study period was 8.7 ± 2.3 in the 4‐week group and 5.9 ± 1.0 in the 8‐week group.ConclusionAt 1 year, bevacizumab administration on‐demand every 8 weeks was non‐inferior to administration every 4 weeks. The results strongly suggest that bevacizumab acts longer than 4 weeks in ARMD, reducing the burden of injections for patients.
Macular perfusion velocities in the ocular ischaemic syndrome
Authors: Klefter Oliver Niels , Kofoed Peter Kristian , Munch Inger Christine , Larsen Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo assess retinal perfusion in eyes with unilateral ocular ischaemic syndrome (OIS) and to compare with control subjects.MethodsRetrospective case series. Linear blood flow velocities in macular vessels were estimated using motion‐contrast fundus photography in eight patients with unilateralOIS(eightOISeyes, seven fellow eyes) and 12 control subjects. The diagnosis ofOISwas supported by carotid artery Doppler ultrasonography and pneumoplethysmographic measurement of ocular systolic perfusion pressure.ResultsMacular arterial blood flow velocity (median, range) was 1.8 (1.4–2.7) mm/s inOISeyes, 4.0 (2.9–5.3) mm/s in fellow eyes (p = 0.016) and 3.8 (2.3–5.1) mm/s in control eyes (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.67 versusOISand fellow eyes, respectively). Macular venous blood flow velocity was 1.5 (1.0–2.1) mm/s inOISeyes, 2.6 (2.0–2.9) mm/s in fellow eyes (p = 0.016) and 2.7 (1.8–3.5) mm/s in control eyes (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.64). Arterial velocities were below or equal to the lowest value observed in control subjects (≤2.3 mm/s) in seven of eight eyes withOIS. Visual acuity 0.7 or worse was found in twoOISeyes with arterial velocities below 1.7 mm/s and venous velocities below 1.3 mm/s and together with neovascular glaucoma or polycythemia vera (one eye each).ConclusionMotion‐contrast imaging revealed markedly reduced macular perfusion velocities inOISeyes compared with unaffected fellow eyes and healthy control eyes. The method appears to provide a clinically meaningful quantitative measure of macular hypoperfusion.
Reducing avoidable visual impairment in elderly home healthcare patients by basic ophthalmologic screening
Authors: van Nispen Ruth , van der Aa Hilde , Timmermans Frank , Meijer Nikki , Koster Nicole , de Blok Jos , Keunen Jan , van Rens Ger 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the prevalence of potential age‐related eye conditions in elderly who are assisted by home healthcare nurses. The number of referrals to the general practitioner (GP), feasibility of screening and associations between vision loss and health outcomes were also studied.MethodsCross‐sectional study in which trained home healthcare nurses screened the eyes of 151 patients [mean age 80 (50–96 years)] using their available correction, with VISION 2020 Netherlands screeners (e.g. acuity/field loss). Health outcomes were assessed with questionnaires.ResultsDistance decimal visual acuity was ≤0.3 in 20.5% (unilateral) and 19.9% (bilateral) of patients, and near visual acuity was ≤0.4 in 17.7% (unilateral) and 33.3% (bilateral). Macular dysfunction was present in 21.5% (unilateral) and 8.3% (bilateral) and peripheral field problems in 11.4% (unilateral) and 7.9% (bilateral). GP referrals were proposed in 21.5%; in 40%, the GP or ophthalmologist was already aware of eye problems. Although health problems were prominent in participants (8.6% fractures, 22% depression and 18% anxiety), no significant associations were found between vision loss and self‐reported outcomes.ConclusionSixty per cent of frail elderly home healthcare patients had an ophthalmologic condition. Although a large number was already known in eye health care, >20% was referred with an unrecognized ophthalmologic problem. Basic ophthalmologic screening by home healthcare nurses might be a potentially relevant tool to reduce the burden of age‐related vision loss, contributing to the joint World Health Organization – VISION 2020 initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness. Relevant health outcomes do not seem to be clearly related to having visual impairment, but rather to having general health problems.
Systematic review shows that immunising internationally adopted children is a major challenge for primary health care
Authors: Venturini Elisabetta , Piccini Paola , Tersigni Chiara , Chiappini Elena , Galli Luisa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThis systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the immunisation of internationally adopted children and to discuss possible vaccination strategies.MethodsA literature search was performed covering papers published in English from 1988 to 15 June 2018 using the Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. This identified 749 studies and 41 full texts were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 19 studies conducted between 1988 and 2016 fulfilled our inclusion criteria. These covered 7663 children aged 1.1–5.7 years adopted from Asia, Eastern Europe, Africa and South and Central America. Tetanus protective antibody levels ranged from 35 to 95%, and similar data were reported for diphtheria. A higher percentage of adoptees had protective antibody levels for polio (50–93%) and measles (62–95%). More than a third (35%) did not have protective antibody titres for hepatitis B. Only one study investigated adoptees with protective antibodies against haemophilus influenza, and it reported that this was around 66%.ConclusionThe appropriate immunisation of internationally adopted children is a major challenge for primary health care and a number of different approaches have been suggested, with no clear conclusions. Further studies on the cost‐effectiveness of different approaches should be performed to optimise screening strategies and develop recommendations.
Generation of PDX‐1 mutant porcine blastocysts by introducing CRISPR/Cas9‐system into porcine zygotes via electroporation
Authors: Tanihara Fuminori , Hirata Maki , Nguyen Nhien T. , Le Quynh A. , Hirano Takayuki , Takemoto Tatsuya , Nakai Michiko , Fuchimoto Dai‐ichiro , Otoi Takeshige 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecently, we established the GEEP (“gene editing by electroporation of Cas9 protein”) method, in which the CRISPR/Cas9 system, consisting of a Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA), is introduced into pig zygotes by electroporation and thus induces highly efficient targeted gene disruption. In this study, we examined the effects of sgRNA on the blastocyst formation of porcine embryos and evaluated their genome‐editing efficiency. To produce an animal model for diabetes, we targeted PDX‐1 (pancreas duodenum homeobox 1), a gene that is crucial for pancreas development during the fetal period and whose monoallelic disruption impairs insulin secretion. First, Cas9 protein with different sgRNAs that targeted distinct sites in the PDX‐1 exon 1 was introduced into in vitro‐fertilized zygotes by the GEEP method. Of the six sgRNAs tested, three sgRNAs (sgRNA1, 2, and 3) successfully modified PDX‐1 gene. The blastocyst formation rate of zygotes edited with sgRNA3 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of control zygotes without the electroporation treatment. Our study indicates that the GEEP method can be successfully used to generate PDX‐1 mutant blastocysts, but the development and the efficiency of editing the genome of zygotes may be affected by the sgRNA used for CRISPR/Cas9 system.
Translocation of meadow, heath and fen to the Habitat Garden: The first insights after 4 years of the experiment
Authors: Nowak Arkadiusz , Maślak Magdalena , Smieja Agata , Góra Julia , Kojs Paweł , Nowak Sylwia , Nobis Marcin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractQuestionsHow does species composition of different vegetation types respond to translocation? How do they respond to encroachment of expansive native or alien species?LocationMeadow, heath and fen plots in Radzionków Habitat Botanical Garden, Poland.MethodsIn 2013, between June and October, 16,500 pieces of turf blocks from three communities, each 80 × 120 cm in size and 40–50 cm deep, were transferred from a donor site to newly constructed artificial basins. Temporal changes of species composition were observed in 163 permanent plots 2 × 2 m from 2013 to 2016. To analyse compositional changes, we carried out constrained ordination with time as explanatory variable. For changes in species richness, diversity, herb and shrub layers, contribution of woody species, diagnostic taxa, archaeophytes, neophytes, native expansive taxa and ruderal plants, a one‐way ANOVA was applied.ResultsWe found that only 35%–39% of species had a positive correlation with time. The total number of species significantly decreased only within the meadow plots. The fen and heath only experienced a slight decrease in species number. Significant changes in abundance of diagnostic species were observed in all plant communities. The abundances of diagnostic taxa were maintained during the first 2 year, then dropped considerably. The highest decrease was noted in the heathland community.ConclusionsTurf translocation appeared to be only partially effective as a compensatory measure. Four years after the translocation, the three different habitats still maintained their specific structural features, however the number of diagnostic taxa considerably decreased, particularly in the heathland and the wet meadow. Given the high financial and logistical effort required, translocation measures are questionable and should only be applied as an exceptional last resort method.
Bee movement across heterogeneous tropical forests: multi‐paternal analyses reveal the importance of neighborhood composition for pollen dispersal
Authors: O'Connell Megan C. , Castilla Antonio R. , Lee Leticia X. , Jha Shalene 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnimal pollination is critical for maintaining the reproduction and genetic diversity of many plant species, especially those in tropical ecosystems. Despite the threat to pollination posed by tropical deforestation, it remains an understudied process. In particular, little is known about these dynamics in multi‐paternal, successional plant species whose fruits can contain substantial genetic diversity. Given the importance of successional plants in reforestation, quantifying the factors that impact their reproduction is essential for understanding plant gene flow in the context of global change. In this study, we investigated pollen‐mediated gene flow at the multi‐paternal fruit level to quantify how tropical pollinators navigate and mediate gene flow in altered forests. Utilizing microsatellite genotyping and paternity analyses, we revealed that distinct plant neighborhood and individual factors drive pollen dispersal at the intra‐fruit scale. Variance in pollen dispersal distances was greater for neighborhoods with higher conspecific density, indicating that density dependent reproductive patterns play a role at this scale. Additionally, both the diversity and evenness of sires mediated by a single pollinator were affected by the size of the mother tree, that is, larger mothers received pollen from a less diverse, less even pool of sires per fruit. Pollinator body size was not found to be a significant driver of pollen dispersal, indicating that both small‐ and large‐bodied pollinators were equally important pollen dispersers at this scale. By exploring patterns of variation at the intra‐fruit level, we show that conspecific density and tree size significantly impact multi‐paternal pollen‐mediated gene flow, reinforcing the importance of investigating intraspecific, intra‐individual variance in plant reproduction.
Discrepancies Between Adolescent and Parent Reports About Family Relationships
Authors: De Los Reyes Andres , Ohannessian Christine M. , Racz Sarah J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFamily relationships play an essential role in adolescent development. When studying relationship domains (e.g., quality, conflict, communication), researchers typically rely on adolescents and their parents as informants. However, across research teams, domains, and methods of measurement, researchers commonly observe discrepant estimates of family relationships between informants’ reports. In this article, we review theoretical models for understanding these discrepant reports, summarize research on how the degree of discrepancy between reports informs our understanding of adolescent development, and highlight directions for research.
Trauma and Long‐Term Memory for Childhood Events: Impact Matters
Authors: Goodman Gail S. , Quas Jodi A. , Goldfarb Deborah , Gonzalves Lauren , Gonzalez Alejandra 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn recent years, society has been stunned by high‐profile cases in which adults allege they were sexually victimized in childhood. A crucial issue in these cases is how accurately adults remember the traumatic childhood experiences. In this article, we examine the predictors of the accuracy of adults’ long‐term memory for maltreatment and events related to the maltreatment experienced in childhood. First, we discuss memory for negative or threatening information and how child maltreatment may affect memory. Second, we highlight methodological challenges inherent in this scientific inquiry. Third, we describe the findings from our longitudinal research on the accuracy of adults’ memory for child abuse and for subsequent involvement in the legal system. We conclude that, overall, the greater the traumatic impact experienced, the more accurate the later memory, although factors related to development, individual differences, and interviews moderate the effects of childhood trauma on the accuracy of adults’ memory.