bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Element Identification by Expectation–Maximization Method in Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Vurpillot Francois , Hatzoglou Constantinos , Radiguet Bertrand , Da Costa Gerald , Delaroche Fabien , Danoix Frederic 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper describes an alternative way to assign elemental identity to atoms collected by atom probe tomography (APT). This method is based on Bayesian assignation of label through the expectation–maximization method (well known in data analysis). Assuming the correct shape of mass over charge peaks in mass spectra, the probability of each atom to be labeled as a given element is determined, and is used to enhance data visualization and composition mapping in APT analyses. The method is particularly efficient for small count experiments with a low signal to noise ratio, and can be used on small subsets of analyzed volumes, and is complementary to single-ion decomposition methods. Based on the selected model and experimental examples, it is shown that the method enhances our ability to observe and extract information from the raw dataset. The experimental case of the superimposition of the Si peak and N peak in a steel is presented.
Exploring Particular Facets of Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Their Relationships With Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents
Authors: Madjar Nir , Segal Nicole , Eger Gilad , Shoval Gal 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been found to be associated with poor emotion regulation. Aims: The goal of this study was to examine the association of multidimensional cognitive emotion regulation strategies with NSSI among adolescents and compare the different patterns of NSSI. Method: A sample of 594 high-school students (54.4% boys; mean age = 14.96 years), from five regional schools across Israel, were assessed for five facets of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (acceptance, refocus on planning, positive refocusing, putting into perspective, and positive reappraisal) and NSSI behaviors using validated scales. Participants were allocated into three groups: repetitive NSSI (more than six occasions of NSSI; 7.1%), occasional NSSI (at least one incident but less than six; 8.3%), and no NSSI (84.6%). Results: Analysis of covariance, controlling for gender and depression symptoms, revealed that students with NSSI reported higher levels of acceptance, but lower levels of refocus on planning and putting into perspective. Limitations: The study used a cross-sectional design, which was a limitation. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that particular cognitive emotion regulation strategies differ substantially in their relationship with NSSI. Adolescents who focus on planning and putting stressful situations into perspective may have increased resilience, whereas adolescents who are accepting of negative events that have happened may be more prone to maladaptive coping behaviors.
Numerical Study of Alternate Bars in Alluvial Channels With Nonuniform Sediment
Authors: Cordier F. , Tassi P. , Claude N. , Crosato A. , Rodrigues S. , Pham Van Bang D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRivers typically present heterogeneous bed material, but the effects of sediment nonuniformity on river bar characteristics are still unclear. This work investigates the impact of sediment size heterogeneity on alternate bars with a morphodynamic numerical model. The model is first used to reproduce a laboratory experiment showing alternate bar formation with nonuniform bed material. Subsequently, the influence of sediment size heterogeneity on alternate bars is investigated distinguishing hybrid from free bars, definition based on the presence/absence of morphodynamic forcing, considering the results of nine scenarios. In four of them, a transverse obstacle is used to generate forcing. The computations are carried out with the Telemac‐Mascaret system solving the two‐dimensional shallow‐water equations with a finite element approach, accounting for horizontal and vertical sediment sorting processes. The results show that sediment heterogeneity affects free migrating and hybrid bars in a different way. The difference lies in the presence/absence of a migration front, so that distinct relations between bed topography, bed shear stress, and sediment sorting are obtained. Sediment sorting and associated planform redistribution of bed roughness only slightly modify free migrating bar morphodynamics, whereas hybrid bars are greatly impacted, with decreased amplitude and increased wavelength. Increased sediment size heterogeneity increases the degree of sediment sorting, while the sorting pattern remains the same for both free and hybrid bars. Moreover, it produces averagely higher, longer, and faster free bars, while in the case of hybrid bars their wavelength is increased but no general trend can be determined for their amplitude.
A Geodesy‐ and Seismicity‐Based Local Earthquake Likelihood Model for Central Los Angeles
Authors: Rollins Chris , Avouac Jean‐Philippe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe estimate time‐independent earthquake likelihoods in central Los Angeles using a model of interseismic strain accumulation and the 1932–2017 seismic catalog. We assume that on the long‐term average, earthquakes and aseismic deformation collectively release seismic moment at a rate balancing interseismic loading, mainshocks obey the Gutenberg‐Richter law (a log linear magnitude‐frequency distribution [MFD]) up to a maximum magnitude and a Poisson process, and aftershock sequences obey the Gutenberg‐Richter and “Båth” laws. We model a comprehensive suite of these long‐term systems, assess how likely each system would be to have produced the MFD of the instrumental catalog, and use these likelihoods to probabilistically estimate the long‐term MFD. We estimateMmax = 6.8 + 1.05/−0.4 (every ~300 years) orMmax = 7.05 + 0.95/−0.4 assuming a truncated or tapered Gutenberg‐Richter MFD, respectively. Our results imply that, for example, the (median) likelihood of one or moreMw ≥ 6.5 mainshocks is 0.2% in 1 year, 2% in 10 years, and 18–21% in 100 years.
Active Convergence of the India‐Burma‐Sunda Plates Revealed by a New Continuous GPS Network
Authors: Mallick Rishav , Lindsey Eric O. , Feng Lujia , Hubbard Judith , Banerjee Paramesh , Hill Emma M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Rakhine (Arakan)‐Bangladesh megathrust, along which the Indian and Burma plates collide, is assumed by some to be inactive/aseismic due to the lack of notable interplate earthquakes in the modern instrumental catalog. However, geological and historical evidence of the great 1762 Arakan earthquake suggest the megathrust can produce M~8 events that could adversely affect the lives of millions of people in the region. To investigate the seismogenic potential and determine the slip budget of the megathrust, we first need to solve for India‐Burma‐Sunda relative plate motions. We present a new set of 24 GPS velocities (2011–2017) from the Myanmar‐India‐Bangladesh‐Bhutan continuous GPS network. We use the new velocities and those from previously published studies to explore the geometries and slip rates of three major faults (Rakhine‐Bangladesh megathrust, Churachandpur‐Mao Fault, and Sagaing Fault) that accommodate the India‐Burma‐Sunda plate motion. Our results suggest that the three major faults we studied are likely fully coupled; the modern shortening rate across the Burma plate is 12–24 mm/year, while the total dextral shear rate is 25–32 mm/year. The possibly fully coupled shallow megathrust, and splay faults that may sole into it, are geodetically invisible while they are not slipping. However, we can identify the transition from coupling to steady creep on the deeper extension of the megathrust; we use this to show active oblique India‐Burma convergence and to map along‐strike and along‐dip variations in dip‐slip and strike‐slip motion. This implies that the megathrust is currently accumulating strain which will eventually be released in earthquakes.
Lightning Initiation Processes Imaged With Very High Frequency Broadband Interferometry
Authors: Lyu Fanchao , Cummer Steven A. , Qin Zilong , Chen Mingli 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent measurements of narrow bipolar lightning events (NBEs) by very high frequency (VHF) radio interferometer have resolved the dynamic development of this special lightning process with submicrosecond time resolution, and showed that the fast positive breakdown (FPB) process is responsible for initiating at least some lightning flashes. In this study, with a newly built and deployed VHF interferometer system, we analyzed 31 intracloud lightning flash initiation events during three thunderstorms at short range from the interferometer. These events separate into two distinct classes that can be identified based on the time scale and the occurrence contexts of the first detectable VHF emissions from the flash. One class has features completely consistent with previously reported FPB events and is associated with continuous VHF emissions of 10–20 μs duration. Downward motion of the FPB region centroid merged continuously into the development of the subsequent upward negative leaders. But the majority of the lightning flashes analyzed began with ultrashort, submicrosecond duration, isolated pulses of VHF emission with no identifiable FPB signatures between these pulses and the leader development. These short VHF pulses begin typically a few hundred microseconds before the upward leader developes and are located at the same position where the leader eventually begins. We suggest that the FPB process is responsible for initiating some but not all lightning flashes, and the extremely short pulse‐like VHF emissions play a role in initiating those flashes without any FPB process.
Forbush Decreases and Geomagnetic Storms During a Highly Disturbed Solar and Interplanetary Period, 4–10 September 2017
Authors: Badruddin B. , Aslam O. P. M. , Derouich M. , Asiri H. , Kudela K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFeatures and peculiarities of the cosmic ray intensity (CRI) and the geomagnetic activity, along with several solar plasma and interplanetary magnetic field, during the period 4–10 September 2017 are studied. The period was characterized by strong solar activity: Several solar flares occurred; several halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were ejected in space. In the near‐Earth interplanetary space, the CMEs driving shock(s) and sheath(s) were identified. At the Earth, strong Forbush decreases in CRI and geomagnetic storms were observed. Several large solar flares, one of them of very high X‐ray importance (X9.3) and three halo CMEs were detected in the solar atmosphere. Two shock‐associated interplanetary CMEs were observed during that interval in near‐Earth space; the latter and faster one arrived even as the ejecta of the earlier one was still crossing. Variations in interplanetary plasma and field parameters during, before, and after the Forbush decreases and geomagnetic storms that occurred during the considered period were examined. A detailed time‐lagged correlation analysis using data at three different temporal resolutions (hourly, 5‐min, and 1‐min) was also performed. Cross correlations of time series of CRI with geomagnetic activity during the period 4–10 September 2017 are computed. This cross‐correlation analysis between CRI variability (defined as the difference of the CRI count rate between the current and the previous time step) and the Dst indicates a delay of Dst by 3–4 hr.
Hillslope Hydrology in Global Change Research and Earth System Modeling
Authors: Fan Y. , Clark M. , Lawrence D. M. , Swenson S. , Band L. E. , Brantley S. L. , Brooks P. D. , Dietrich W. E. , Flores A. , Grant G. , Kirchner J. W. , Mackay D. S. , McDonnell J. J. , Milly P. C. D. , Sullivan P. L. , Tague C. , Ajami H. , Chaney N. , Hartmann A. , Hazenberg P. , McNamara J. , Pelletier J. , Perket J. , Rouholahnejad‐Freund E. , Wagener T. , Zeng X. , Beighley E. , Buzan J. , Huang M. , Livneh B. , Mohanty B. P. , Nijssen B. , Safeeq M. , Shen C. , van Verseveld W. , Volk J. , Yamazaki D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEarth System Models (ESMs) are essential tools for understanding and predicting global change, but they cannot explicitly resolve hillslope‐scale terrain structures that fundamentally organize water, energy, and biogeochemical stores and fluxes at subgrid scales. Here we bring together hydrologists, Critical Zone scientists, and ESM developers, to explore how hillslope structures may modulate ESM grid‐level water, energy, and biogeochemical fluxes. In contrast to the one‐dimensional (1‐D), 2‐ to 3‐m deep, and free‐draining soil hydrology in most ESM land models, we hypothesize that 3‐D, lateral ridge‐to‐valley flow through shallow and deep paths and insolation contrasts between sunny and shady slopes are the top two globally quantifiable organizers of water and energy (and vegetation) within an ESM grid cell. We hypothesize that these two processes are likely to impact ESM predictions where (and when) water and/or energy are limiting. We further hypothesize that, if implemented in ESM land models, these processes will increase simulated continental water storage and residence time, buffering terrestrial ecosystems against seasonal and interannual droughts. We explore efficient ways to capture these mechanisms in ESMs and identify critical knowledge gaps preventing us from scaling up hillslope to global processes. One such gap is our extremely limited knowledge of the subsurface, where water is stored (supporting vegetation) and released to stream baseflow (supporting aquatic ecosystems). We conclude with a set of organizing hypotheses and a call for global syntheses activities and model experiments to assess the impact of hillslope hydrology on global change predictions.
Van Allen Probes Observations of Chorus Wave Vector Orientations: Implications for the Chorus‐to‐Hiss Mechanism
Authors: Hartley D. P. , Kletzing C. A. , Chen L. , Horne R. B. , Santolík O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUsing observations from the Van Allen Probes EMFISIS instrument, coupled with ray tracing simulations, we determine the fraction of chorus wave power with the conditions required to access the plasmasphere and evolve into plasmaspheric hiss. It is found that only an extremely small fraction of chorus occurs with the required wave vector orientation, carrying only a small fraction of the total chorus wave power. The exception is on the edge of plasmaspheric plumes, where strong azimuthal density gradients are present. In these cases, up to 94% of chorus wave power exists with the conditions required to access the plasmasphere. As such, we conclude that strong azimuthal density gradients are actually a requirement if a significant fraction of chorus wave power is to enter the plasmasphere and be a source of plasmaspheric hiss. This result suggests it is unlikely that chorus directly contributes a significant fraction of plasmaspheric hiss wave power.
Barcode-free next-generation sequencing error validation for ultra-rare variant detection
Authors: Yeom Huiran , Lee Yonghee , Ryu Taehoon , Noh Jinsung , Lee Amos Chungwon , Lee Han-Byoel , Kang Eunji , Song Seo Woo , Kwon Sunghoon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has accelerated biomedical research by enabling the high-throughput analysis of DNA sequences at a very low cost. However, NGS has limitations in detecting rare-frequency variants (< 1%) because of high sequencing errors (> 0.1~1%). NGS errors could be filtered out using molecular barcodes, by comparing read replicates among those with the same barcodes. Accordingly, these barcoding methods require redundant reads of non-target sequences, resulting in high sequencing cost. Here, we present a cost-effective NGS error validation method in a barcode-free manner. By physically extracting and individually amplifying the DNA clones of erroneous reads, we distinguish true variants of frequency > 0.003% from the systematic NGS error and selectively validate NGS error after NGS. We achieve a PCR-induced error rate of 2.5×10−6 per base per doubling event, using 10 times less sequencing reads compared to those from previous studies.
Cdk1-mediated DIAPH1 phosphorylation maintains metaphase cortical tension and inactivates the spindle assembly checkpoint at anaphase
Authors: Nishimura Koutarou , Johmura Yoshikazu , Deguchi Katashi , Jiang Zixian , Uchida Kazuhiko S. K. , Suzuki Narumi , Shimada Midori , Chiba Yoshie , Hirota Toru , Yoshimura Shige H. , Kono Keiko , Nakanishi Makoto 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnimal cells undergo rapid rounding during mitosis, ensuring proper chromosome segregation, during which an outward rounding force abruptly increases upon prometaphase entry and is maintained at a constant level during metaphase. Initial cortical tension is generated by the actomyosin system to which both myosin motors and actin network architecture contribute. However, how cortical tension is maintained and its physiological significance remain unknown. We demonstrate here that Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of DIAPH1 stably maintains cortical tension after rounding and inactivates the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Cdk1 phosphorylates DIAPH1, preventing profilin1 binding to maintain cortical tension. Mutation of DIAPH1 phosphorylation sites promotes cortical F-actin accumulation, increases cortical tension, and delays anaphase onset due to SAC activation. Measurement of the intra-kinetochore length suggests that Cdk1-mediated cortex relaxation is indispensable for kinetochore stretching. We thus uncovered a previously unknown mechanism by which Cdk1 coordinates cortical tension maintenance and SAC inactivation at anaphase onset.
Sex Differences Associated With Circulating PCSK9 in Patients Presenting With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Wei Teng-Fei , Zhao Bei , Yin Zhao , Shi Quan-Xing , Liu Pei-Lin , Liu Li-Feng , Liu Li , Zhao Jing-Tao , Mao Shuai , Rao Meng-Meng , Wang Shou-Li , Chen Yun-Dai 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA limited number of studies have explored whether the role of circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is sex specific. The purpose of the present study was to examine sex differences in plasma PCSK9 in Chinese patients with AMI. In this study, a total of 281 records from patients presenting with AMI were analyzed.We compared hospital data and plasma PCSK9 levels by sex difference for inpatients presenting with AMI. After 1 year of follow-up, major adverse cardiac events(MACE) were recorded. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We found that, compared with male groups, PCSK9 levels were higher in female patients not only for overall patients with AMI but also for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (median: 273.6 [215.6–366.8] vs. 325.1 [247.5–445.3] ng/ml, P = 0.0136; 273.4 [215.6–369.7] vs. 317.1 [249.6–450.1], P = 0.0275, respectively). The cumulative incidence of cardiac death and 1-year MACE were significantly higher in the female group compared with male group (10% vs. 2.74%, P = 0.025; 15% vs. 4.11%, P = 0.0054, respectively). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, female sex, total triglyceride, glycosylated hemoglobin A, and homocysteic acid were independent risk factors of 1-year MACE. There was no significant correlation between PCSK9 and 1-year MACE in total AMI patients. In conclusion, PCSK9 levels and 1-year MACE were higher in women with AMI than in men with AMI, however, female sex but not PCSK9 were significant correlated with the 1-year MACE. The clinical implications of this finding are worthy of further investigations and must be confirmed in larger cohorts.
Sending-or-not-sending twin-field quantum key distribution in practice
Authors: Yu Zong-Wen , Hu Xiao-Long , Jiang Cong , Xu Hai , Wang Xiang-Bin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecently, the twin field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) protocols have been investigated extensively. In particular, an efficient protocol for TF-QKD with sending or not sending the coherent state has been given in. Here in this paper, we present results of practical sending-or-not-sending (SNS) twin field quantum key distribution. In real-life implementations, we need consider the following three requirements, a few different intensities rather than infinite number of different intensities, a phase slice of appropriate size rather than infinitely small size and the statistical fluctuations. We first show the decoy-state method with only a few different intensities and a phase slice of appropriate size. We then give a statistical fluctuation analysis for the decoy-state method. Numerical simulation shows that, the performance of our method is comparable to the asymptotic case for which the key size is large enough. Our method can beat the PLOB bound on secret key capacity. Our results show that practical implementations of the SNS quantum key distribution can be both secure and efficient.
The prevalence of microsporidia in China : A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qiu Luyao , Xia Wanyuan , Li Wendao , Ping Jing , Ding Songtao , Liu Handeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMicrosporidia are a diverse parasite phylum infecting host from all major taxa in all global biomes. This research was conducted to conclude the prevalence of microsporidia in China. All published articles up to February 16, 2018 were considered, including descriptive, cross-sectional, case-control and epidemiology studies. A total of 1052 articles were separated after literature search. After a strict selection according to our criteria, 82 articles were included in qualitative synthesis and ultimately 52 studies were included in quantitative synthesis. Three species of microsporidia were confirmed to exist in China, including Enterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi), Nosema and Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi). The highest overall estimated prevalence of E. bieneusi in humans was 8.1%, which was observed in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients (AIDS). Moreover, the prevalence of E. bieneusi in animals including the cattle, dogs, pigs, deer, sheep and goats were analyszed in this study. The overall estimated prevalence of E. bieneusi acquired by using the random effects model in meta-analysis in cattle, dogs, pigs, sheep and goats and deer was 20.0% (95% confidence intervals: 0.133–0.266, I2 = 98.031%, p < 0.0001), 7.8% (95% CI: 0.050–0.106, I2 = 60.822%, p = 0.0537), 45.1% (95% CI: 0.227–0.674, I2 = 98.183%, p < 0.0001), 28.1% (95% CI: 0.146–0.415, I2 = 98.716%, p < 0.0001) and 19.3% (95% CI: 0.084–0.303, I2 = 96.995%, p < 0.0001) respectively. The overall detection rate of E. bieneusi in water acquired by using the random effects model in meta-analysis was 64.5% (95% CI: 0.433–0.857, I2 = 98.486%, p < 0.0001). Currently, 221 genotypes of E. bieneusi, 1 genotype of E. cuniculi and 6 Nosema were detected in China. The most prevalent genotype of E. bieneusi was genotype D, followed by BEB6 and EbpC.