bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reporting quality of trial abstracts—improved yet suboptimal: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chhapola Viswas , Tiwari Soumya , Brar Rekha , Kanwal Sandeep Kumar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of literature to determine if the publication of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) abstract guideline in 2008 was followed by change in reporting quality of randomized controlled trial (RCT) abstracts.Study design and settingsEvaluations were included if they compared reporting quality of RCT abstracts before and after the publication of CONSORT–abstract guideline. The literature search was performed (January 2008 to April 2017) in Medline (Ovid), EMbase, CINAHL plus and Cochrane methodologies register. We assessed study validity with a special validity tool, adapted from a previous Cochrane review.ResultsInitial search identified 4142 articles, of which total 10 evaluations including 5184 abstracts were included. Total 22 outcomes related to individual items of CONSORT–abstract guideline were assessed, and 14 showed significant effect sizes favoring CONSORT–abstract guideline. Despite significant effect size, the overall post‐CONSORT reporting (PCR) was suboptimal for ten items: title (RR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.59, PCR = 53.4%), participants (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.26, PCR = 24.5%), primary outcome (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.23, PCR = 65%), blinding (RR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.76, PCR = 13.9%), trial status (RR = 1.81, 95% 1.39 to 2.35, PCR = 10.6%), numbers analyzed (RR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.98, PCR = 26.5%), outcome (RR = 1.40, 95% 1.05 to 1.86, PCR = 21.9%), effect size and precision (RR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.19, PCR = 58.9%), harms (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.48, PCR = 41.8%), trial registration (RR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.50, PCR = 33.8%). Three items with favorable effect size in addition had wide CIs: randomization (RR = –4.28, 95% CI 1.56 to 11.75, PCR = –3.3%), allocation concealment (RR = –19.89, 95% CI 1.54 to 256.69, PCR = –5.7%), and funding (RR = –22.61, 95% CI 8.13 to 62.67, PCR = –11.32%).ConclusionThe change in reporting quality of RCT abstracts is far from satisfactory, as evidenced by suboptimal post‐CONSORT rates and wide CIs of effect sizes for majority of improved items. Mere publication of CONSORT–abstract guideline, without strict endorsement has failed to translate into good quality abstracts.
Effects of nurses’ emotional intelligence on their organizational citizenship behavior, with mediating effects of leader trust and value congruence
Authors: Lim So‐Hee , Han Sang‐Sook , Joo Yun‐Su 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the causal relationship between nurses’ emotional intelligence and their organizational citizenship behavior and the possible mediating effects of leader trust and value congruence.MethodsThe participants were 348 nurses who were working in a general hospital in a metropolitan area. The data were collected from December 16, 2012 to February 20, 2013. The hypothetical model of emotional intelligence, organizational citizenship behavior, leader trust, and value congruence was fitted to the actual data via structural equation modeling.ResultThe leaders’ emotional intelligence had a direct positive effect on leader trust and value congruence; however, the nurses’ own emotional intelligence had a negative effect on these two variables. Furthermore, leader trust had a direct positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior; value congruence had no such relationship. The nurses’ emotional intelligence had a partial, indirect effect on organizational citizenship behavior via leader trust.ConclusionIn a nursing organization, it is necessary to build a system, such as mentoring, to be able to exchange emotions actively among the members in order to enhance emotional intelligence and have the same values between leaders and members throughout open communication. Therefore, nurse managers can contribute greatly to the enhancement of organizational performance by promoting members’ organizational citizenship behavior through improving their relationships with them and gaining their trust, while concurrently making efforts to further develop their emotional intelligence.
Deviations from Covered Interest Rate Parity
Authors: DU WENXIN , TEPPER ALEXANDER , VERDELHAN ADRIEN 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTWe find that deviations from the covered interest rate parity (CIP) condition imply large, persistent, and systematic arbitrage opportunities in one of the largest asset markets in the world. Contrary to the common view, these deviations for major currencies are not explained away by credit risk or transaction costs. They are particularly strong for forward contracts that appear on banks' balance sheets at the end of the quarter, pointing to a causal effect of banking regulation on asset prices. The CIP deviations also appear significantly correlated with other fixed income spreads and with nominal interest rates.
Implementation of a new patient education programme for renal transplant recipients
Authors: Urstad Kristin H. , Wahl Astrid K. , Engebretsen Eivind , Larsen Marie H. , Vidnes Tone K. , Stenwig Anne G. K. , Simensen Øystein W. , Nordli Arve , Reisæter Anna V. , Andersen Marit H. 
Published: February 2018

SUMMARYBackgroundNurses’ strategies regarding patient education should be informed by the best available research evidence. Clinical nurses play an essential role in implementing new patient education programmes for renal transplant recipients.AimThis study investigated transplant nurse job satisfaction, competence, training and perceptions of quality of care in relation to the implementation of a new, evidence‐based, patient education programme. This paper reports the results from the first part of an implementation study.MethodsData were collected in the form of a survey from 50 clinical transplant nurses at a single national transplant centre in Norway in 2015, six months after the patient education programme was implemented. A descriptive, cross‐sectional design was used.ResultsSeventy‐two percent of the respondents reported that they had sufficient knowledge about the new programme; 54.4 % stated that the new programme resulted in renal transplant recipients being better educated. The new programme was found to be more structured, patient‐centered and visible for the nurses across the wards, as compared with their previous practice. Nurses with less nursing experience were significantly more motivated about the new patient education programme, than the more experienced nurses (p = 0.05).ConclusionsNurses were generally satisfied with their new patient education practice. Knowledge derived from the research evidence on patient education was found to be valuable and transferable to everyday clinical nursing practice.
Effect of sotalol on heart rate, QT interval, and atrial fibrillation cycle length in horses with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Decloedt Annelies , Broux Barbara , De Clercq Dominique , Deprez Piet , Van Steenkiste Glenn , Vera Lisse , Ven Sofie , van Loon Gunther 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundBased on its pharmacokinetic profile and electrophysiological effects in healthy horses, sotalol potentially could be used as a long‐term PO antiarrhythmic drug in horses.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of sotalol on heart rate (HR), QT interval, atrial fibrillatory rate, and success of cardioversion in horses with naturally occurring chronic atrial fibrillation (AF).AnimalsTwenty‐eight horses referred for transvenous electrical cardioversion of AF were treated with 2 mg/kg sotalol PO q12h for 3 days before cardioversion, and 13 horses underwent the same protocol without sotalol administration.MethodsRetrospective study. Before and after sotalol or no treatment, the HR was measured at rest and during an exercise test. The QT interval and atrial fibrillation cycle length (AFCL) were measured at rest using tissue Doppler velocity imaging.ResultsIn the control group, no significant differences were found between the 2 examinations. In the sotalol group, the HR at rest and during exercise was significantly lower after sotalol treatment, whereas the QT interval and AFCL measured by tissue Doppler increased significantly. Cardioversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in 25/28 horses in the sotalol group and all horses in the control group, but the median number of shocks and energy at cardioversion were significantly lower in the sotalol group.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn horses with AF, sotalol administration results in class III antiarrhythmic effects and β‐blocking activity, with moderate HR reduction during exercise.
Catheter‐associated venous air embolism in hospitalized horses: 32 cases
Authors: Parkinson Nicholas J. , McKenzie Harold C. , Barton Michelle H. , Davis Jennifer L. , Dunkel Bettina , Johnson Amy L. , MacDonald Elizabeth S. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundVenous air embolism is a potentially life‐threatening complication of IV catheter use in horses. Despite widespread anecdotal reports of their occurrence, few cases have been reported in the literature and the prognosis is currently unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesOur objective was to describe the surrounding circumstances, clinical signs, treatment, progression, and outcome of venous air embolism in hospitalized horses.AnimalsThirty‐two horses with acute onset of compatible clinical signs associated with IV catheter disconnection or damage.MethodsMulticenter retrospective study. Data extracted from clinical records included signalment, presenting complaint, catheter details, clinical signs, treatments, and outcome.ResultsMost cases resulted from extension set disconnection occurring within approximately 24 hours after catheter placement. In fewer horses, extension set damage was cited as a cause. Common clinical signs included tachycardia, tachypnea, recumbency, muscle fasciculations and agitation, with abnormal behavior including kicking and flank biting. Less commonly, pathological arrhythmias or more severe neurologic signs, including blindness and seizures, were noted. Progression was unpredictable, with some affected horses developing delayed‐onset neurologic signs. Mortality was 6/32 (19%), including 2 cases of sudden death and other horses euthanized because of persistent neurologic deficits. Negative outcomes were more common in horses with recorded blindness, sweating or recumbency, but blindness resolved in 5/8 affected horses.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe prognosis for resolution of clinical signs after air embolism is fair, but permanent neurologic deficits or pathologic cardiac arrhythmias can arise. Unpredictable progression warrants close monitoring. Systematic clinic‐based surveillance could provide additional useful information to aid prevention.
Using Corpus‐Based Register Analysis to Explore the Authenticity of High‐Stakes Language Exams: A Register Comparison of TOEFL iBT and Disciplinary Writing Tasks
Authors: STAPLES SHELLEY , BIBER DOUGLAS , REPPEN RANDI 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOne of the central considerations in the validity argument for the TOEFL iBT is the relationship between the language on the exam and the language required for university courses. Corpus linguistics has recently been shown to be an effective way to explore this relationship, which can also be considered as an aspect of authenticity. Applying Multi‐Dimensional Analysis, our study is the first to directly compare the lexico‐grammatical characteristics of texts produced by second language writers on a high‐stakes standardized exam (the TOEFL iBT) to the characteristics of texts produced by the same writers for disciplinary writing tasks required as part of their academic career (e.g., lab reports, argumentative essays). Our findings show that the language of TOEFL iBT tasks have patterns of both similarity and difference from disciplinary tasks with respect to four linguistic dimensions of language use: (a) Compressed Procedural Information versus Stance toward the Work of Others, (b) Personal Stance, (c) Possible versus Completed Events, and (d) Information Density. Integrated iBT tasks show similarities to certain kinds of disciplinary tasks, while independent iBT tasks differ linguistically from almost all disciplinary writing tasks. These general patterns hold regardless of the score levels of test takers. We discuss the implications of these findings for language teaching and assessment.
When Formal Negotiations Fail: Strategic Negotiation, Ripeness Theory, and the Kerry Initiative
Authors: Ramsbotham Oliver , Schiff Amira 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study takes the failure of Secretary of State Kerry's efforts to mediate negotiations aimed at resolving the Israeli–Palestinian conflict as a case study and asks what can be done in intractable cases where efforts at conflict resolution have failed. It suggests a move from conflict resolution to conflict engagement in these cases; this entails preparing the ground for formal negotiation within a wider and prior strategic negotiation (SN) framework. We outline a strategic negotiation (SN) approach that aims to supplement existing theoretical and practical approaches in cases that have yet to gain sufficient traction. This new perspective is grounded in the prenegotiation literature, but adds another layer by addressing the circumstances in which conflict parties are not even prepared to undertake the preliminary moves that prenegotiation requires. We suggest how an SN approach might be helpful as an extension and supplement to ripeness theory in the most difficult cases.
Priority in Being in Aristotle
Authors: Ainsworth Thomas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe central notion of Aristotle's metaphysical system is his concept of substance, which he explicates by means of a number of technical concepts, one of which is being prior in being. Unfortunately, the interpretation of priority in being has proven particularly controversial. In theCategoriesand theMetaphysics, Aristotle claims that compound substances can be without things in other categories and notvice versa. If we adopt an existential interpretation of the verb ‘to be’ in these claims, it is hard to see how they can be defended. However, alternative interpretations fall prey to a number of objections, especially that they risk conflating priority in being with priority in definition.
True orthophoto generation using line segment matches
Authors: Wang Qiang , Yan Lei , Sun Yanbiao , Cui Ximin , Mortimer Hugh , Li Yanyan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhen generating a true orthophoto from aerial urban scenes, especially those containing man‐made features with large height differences, sawtooth effects in feature edges can occur in the rectified images. Aiming to eliminate such effects, this study proposes an advanced orthorectification method using line segment matches, allowing 3D building edges to be accurately reconstructed. The corresponding 2D line segments are first extracted and matched, enabling the reconstruction of 3D line segments by joining two planes and imposing a line end‐point constraint. The 3D line segments are then dissected into discrete 3D points to be incorporated into the 3D point cloud obtained by a dense matching algorithm. Finally, a more complete and accurate triangulated irregular network (TIN) model can be constructed to provide important basic data for true orthophoto production. Experimental results show that sawtooth effects can be eliminated, resulting in significantly improved quality in the true orthophotograph.
Vertical Variation of Lead Content in Sediment Collected from Man‐made Tamagawa Dam Lake in Akita Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Pham Quyen M. , Ishiyama Daizo , Sato Hinako , Ogawa Yasumasa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlternation layered lake sediment that had accumulated over a period of 22 years, from 1990 to 2012, was collected from the Tamagawa Dam Lake, which is located in the northeastern part of Akita Prefecture. The lake water is acidified (pH = 4.1) by the inflow of high‐acidic thermal water (pH = 1.2) from the Obuki Hot Spring, the main hot spring in the Tamagawa Hot Spring area. The vertical variations in Si, Al, Fe, Ti, and Pb contents of the sediment were determined by XRF, EPMA, and LA‐ICP‐MS in order to clarify the sedimentation processes of the lake sediment. The layers consisting of the sediment could be mostly classified into three types: dark brown, yellowish brown, and reddish layers. The contents of Si, Al, Fe, and Ti corresponded to the variation in color of each layer in the sample. Based on the Si, Al, and Fe contents in the sediment of Tamagawa Dam Lake, the sources of these elements were classified as detrital origin in dark brown and yellowish brown layers (Si, Al, and Ti) and chemical precipitate origin in reddish layers (Fe). Detrital components were derived from volcanic rocks in the watershed of Tamagawa Dam Lake. The variation of Pb content did not accord with the color of layers. The content of Pb in the sediment of Tamagawa Dam Lake ranges from 45 to 522 ppm. The vertical variation of Pb content in sediment corresponded to the temporal variation of Pb content in thermal water from the Obuki Hot Spring from 1990 to 2012. A large influence of hydrothermal activity of the Tamagawa Hot Spring on the vertical distribution of Pb was found during the active period of the Obuki Hot Spring, resulting in high Pb content within layers at 5–8 cm from the bottom of the sample. T‐Fe2O3‐rich reddish layers were also found in this range. Therefore, it is assumed that T‐Fe2O3 and Pb originated from Obuki Hot Spring and precipitated in Tamagawa Dam Lake. However, no correlation was found between T‐Fe2O3 and Pb contents for any of the dark brown, yellowish brown, and reddish layers. Some layers with high Pb content were also found to have high SiO2 and Al2O3 contents. These findings indicate that there are several possibilities for the sedimentation process of Pb. The sedimentation of Pb as well as that of T‐Fe2O3 in Tamagawa Dam Lake provides a good example of the accumulation of elements by chemical precipitation away from the source of elements.
Change from tide‐influenced deltas in a regression‐dominated set of sequences to tide‐dominated estuaries in a transgression‐dominated sequence set, East China Sea Shelf Basin
Authors: Li Shunli , Yu Xinghe , Steel Ronald , Zhu Xiaomin , Li Shengli , Cao Bing , Hou Guowei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe East China Sea Shelf Basin was a back‐arc basin located at the active continental margin of the western Philippine Sea Plate. This study explores facies and architectural changes from tide‐influenced deltas to tide‐dominated estuaries in transgressive–regressive cycles, as well as their controlling factors. Cores, wireline well‐logs and seismic data allow the sedimentary architectures and models of the depositional systems to be reconstructed. In the Xihu Depression of the East China Sea Shelf Basin, the stratigraphic sequences of the Eocene Pinghu Formation are interpreted to be dominated by repeated phases of deltaic progradation, but with intervening transgressive phases only thinly developed as bioturbated, open‐marine shelf deposits. The sequences of the overlying Oligocene Huagang Formation, in contrast, are interpreted as stacked, tide‐dominated estuary units, alternating with only poorly preserved regressive half‐cycles because of repeated, strong estuary down‐cutting. The intervening unconformity in the succession corresponds to the Yuquan tectonic movements, which triggered a change from extensional to compressional settings in the Xihu Depression. In the Late Eocene, extension of the Xihu Depression led to moderately high rates of subsidence (163 m Ma−1), and short‐term sea‐level falls led to multiple phases of deltaic progradations. After the Yuquan Movement, Early Oligocene compression brought overall lower rates of subsidence (110 m Ma−1), as well as sea‐level rise and stacked estuary development with significant tidal influence in the infill. The interaction of tectonics, sea‐level change and sediment supply determined the nature of the depositional systems on the shelf during the entire period, whereas the sedimentary processes were key to reworking and shaping the facies distribution, geomorphology and architectures in the back‐arc basin. This research provides an insight into spatial and temporal characterization of deltaic and estuarine systems, contributing to a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling a change in dominant coastline type, despite continued strong tidal influence.
A social network approach to particles in Singapore English
Authors: BOTHA WERNER 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the findings of research on the use of particles in the vernacular speech of university students in Singapore, with particular reference to language variation and how meaningful social information is conveyed through the use of such particles. One key argument here is that the particles may be used to indicate speaker identity at the individual level, and across the Singapore speech community. This study draws on an adapted form of social network theory, and uses vernacular data to capture the dynamics underlying particle variation and therole these play in the construction of ‘Singapore English’.
Progressive recruitment of contralesional cortico‐reticulospinal pathways drives motor impairment post stroke
Authors: McPherson Jacob G. , Chen Albert , Ellis Michael D. , Yao Jun , Heckman C. J. , Dewald Julius P. A. 
Published: February 2018

Key points
Activation of the shoulder abductor muscles in the arm opposite a unilateral brain injury causes involuntary increases in elbow, wrist and finger flexion in the same arm, a phenomenon referred to as the flexion synergy.
It has been proposed that flexion synergy expression is related to reduced output from ipsilesional motor cortex and corticospinal pathways.
In this human subjects study, we provide evidence that the magnitude of flexion synergy expression is instead related to a progressive, task‐dependent recruitment of contralesional cortex.
We also provide evidence that recruitment of contralesional cortex may induce excessive activation of ipsilateral reticulospinal descending motor pathways that cannot produce discrete movements, leading to flexion synergy expression.
We interpret these findings as an adaptive strategy that preserves low‐level motor control at the cost of fine motor control.
AbstractA hallmark of hemiparetic stroke is the loss of fine motor control in the contralesional arm and hand and the constraint to a grouped movement pattern known as the flexion synergy. In the flexion synergy, increasing shoulder abductor activation drives progressive, involuntary increases in elbow, wrist and finger flexion. The neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, across 25 adults with moderate to severe hemiparesis following chronic stroke and 18 adults without neurological injury, we test the overall hypothesis that two inter‐related mechanisms are necessary for flexion synergy expression: increased task‐dependent activation of the intact, contralesional cortex and recruitment of contralesional motor pathways via ipsilateral reticulospinal projections. First, we imaged brain activation in real time during reaching motions progressively constrained by flexion synergy expression. Using this approach, we found that cortical activity indeed shifts towards the contralesional hemisphere in direct proportion to the degree of shoulder abduction loading in the contralesional arm. We then leveraged the post‐stroke reemergence of a developmental brainstem reflex to show that anatomically diffuse reticulospinal motor pathways are active during synergy expression. We interpret this progressive recruitment of contralesional cortico‐reticulospinal pathways as an adaptive strategy that preserves low‐level motor control at the cost of fine motor control.