bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharyngeal observation via transoral endoscopy using a lip cover‐type mouthpiece
Authors: Iwatsubo Taro , Ishihara Ryu , Nakagawa Kentaro , Ohmori Masayasu , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Matsuno Kenshi , Inoue Shuntaro , Nakahira Hiroko , Matsuura Noriko , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimSimultaneous and metachronous head and neck cancers are likely to develop in patients with current or previous esophageal cancer. The Valsalva maneuver facilitates the visualization of the hypopharyngeal area during endoscopic observation, but it requires transnasal endoscopy. We developed a novel Valsalva maneuver using transoral endoscopy with a lip cover‐type mouthpiece.MethodsBetween March 2018 and July 2018, 107 patients with current or previous esophageal cancer who were scheduled to undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included in our pilot study. We performed the Valsalva maneuver using our newly developed mouthpiece and transoral endoscopy in the patients and evaluated the hypopharyngeal region, including the postcricoid area and the posterior wall of the hypopharynx. The outcome measure was procedural success rate, which was graded as “complete,” “incomplete,” and “none.”ResultsObservation of the hypopharyngeal area was “complete” in 81 patients (76%) using the Valsalva maneuver. However, in 25 patients and in 1 patient, observation was “incomplete” and “none,” respectively. Seven lesions were newly detected in seven patients during the study period.ConclusionsThe Valsalva maneuver using transoral endoscopy with a lip cover‐type mouthpiece is feasible for the visualization of the postcricoid area and the posterior wall of the hypopharynx. Particularly, this technique would contribute to early detection of head and neck cancers.
A Tale of Three Midwives: Inconsistent Policies and the Marginalization of Midwifery in Mexico
Authors: Dixon Lydia Zacher , El Kotni Mounia , Miranda Veronica 
Published: December 2018

ResumenEste artículo utiliza la investigación etnográfica colectiva para proporcionar una comprensión multifacética y multilocal de cómo los problemas actuales que enfrentan la partería y la salud de las mujeres en México reflejan una relación históricamente tensa entre las poblaciones marginadas y el Estado. Sostenemos que las parteras han sido obstaculizadas en su capacidad de mejorar sistemáticamente la salud materna como resultado de su relación desigual y cambiante con el estado Mexicano. Presentamos estudios de casos de tres parteras Mexicanas con diferentes antecedentes, acceso a capacitación y certificación, y relaciones con los sistemas de salud locales que estructuran cómo interpretan y negocian sus relaciones con las instituciones y políticas estatales. A medida que examinamos estas negociaciones, no perdemos de vista las formas en que las oportunidades, experiencias y desafíos de las parteras se entrelazan con las de las mujeres a las que sirven. Ambos existen en los márgenes del estado Mexicano, un espacio donde chocan sueños de modernidad y legados de desigualdad. [antropología social, género, partería, México, salud]
The effect of elective implantation of the ABSORB bioresorbable vascular scaffold on coronary microcirculation: Serial assessment using the index of microcirculatory resistance
Authors: Rampat Rajiv , Williams Timothy , Hildick‐Smith David , Cockburn James 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionStenting with metal stents can affect microcirculatory function. The impact of BVS on the microvascular network has not been studied.MethodsA total of 30 patients with bifurcation disease of Medina (X,X,0) scheduled for elective PCI with the ABSORB BVS were studied. Pressure wire studies were performed before and after scaffold implantation and at a mean follow‐up of 9 months. At each time point, FFR, IMR, and CFR were calculated using the thermodilution method.ResultsFollowing scaffold implantation, FFR change from pre‐PCI, post‐PCI and follow‐up was 0.76, 0.92 and 0.91, respectively (P < 0.001 from pre to post‐PCI and P = 0.91 from post‐PCI to follow‐up). There was a statistically significant improvement between pre‐ and post‐procedural IMR (median 27.7 to 17.9, P = 0.02) and CFR (median 2.2 to 2.9, P = 0.02). Median IMR at follow‐up (23.6) remained numerically lower than pre‐procedure but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.05). Similarly, while median CFR at follow‐up remained at post‐procedural level (2.9), this effect did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06).ConclusionThere is an immediate reduction in microvascular resistance after elective BVS implantation but this effect is not sustained long term.
Whitened kernel surface: A fast and reliable method for assessing Fusarium severity on cereal grains by digital picture analysis
Authors: Ollier Marine , Talle Vincent , Brisset Anne‐Laure , Le Bihan Zoé , Duerr Simon , Lemmens Marc , Goudemand Ellen , Robert Olivier , Hilbert Jean‐Louis , Buerstmayr Hermann 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is a cereal disease of major importance responsible for yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations in grains. Here, we introduce a new measurement approach to quantify FHB severity on grains based on the evaluation of the whitened kernel surface (WKS) using digital image analysis. The applicability of WKS was assessed on two bread wheat and one triticale grain sample sets (265 samples). Pearson correlation coefficients between Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK) and WKS range from r = 0.77 to r = 0.81 and from r = 0.61 to r = 0.86 for the correlation between deoxynivalenol (DON) content and WKS. This new scoring method facilitates fast and reliable assessment of the resistance to kernel infection and shows significant correlation with mycotoxin content. WKS can be automated and does not suffer from the “human factor” inherent to visual scorings. As a low‐cost and fast approach, this method appears particularly attractive for breeding and genetic analysis of FHB resistance where typically large numbers of experimental lines need to be evaluated, and for which WKS is suggested as an alternative to visual FDK scorings.
Successful treatment of hemorrhagic bullous Henoch‐Schonlein purpura with intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: Mauro Angela , Mauro Salvatore , Rega Roberto , Martemucci Luigi , Sottile Rita 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHenoch‐Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood. There is no consensus about the management for isolated cutaneous manifestations in HSP. We describe a case of HSP presenting with severe skin lesions that did not respond to standard therapy with corticosteroids. The 11‐year‐old child was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins, which induced rapid and persistent resolution of symptomatology.
Temporal and spectral profiles of conflict processing among multiple frames of reference
Authors: Nan Weizhi , Wang Chunsheng , Sun Yanlong , Wang Hongbin , Fu Shimin , Li Qi , Liu Xun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIndividuals rely on various frames of reference (FORs), such as an egocentric FOR (EFOR) and intrinsic FOR (IFOR), to represent spatial information. Previous behavioral studies have shown different IFOR‐IFOR (II) and EFOR‐IFOR (EI) conflict effects and an effect of their interaction. However, the neural mechanism of conflict processing between two FOR‐based conflicts is unclear. In the current ERP study, two FOR‐based conflicts were manipulated using a two‐cannon task to elucidate common and distinct brain mechanisms that underlie FOR‐based conflict processing. The behavioral results showed that both conflicts exhibited longer reaction times and larger error rates in the II (180° cannon angle) and EI (target cannon pointed down) incongruent conditions than in the II (0° cannon angle) and EI (target cannon pointed up) congruent conditions and that an interaction existed between the two conflicts. The ERP results indicated that, for both conflicts, more negative N2 amplitudes and less positive P3 amplitudes occurred in the incongruent conditions than in the congruent conditions, and the interactions between the two conflicts during later P3 amplitudes were significant. Time‐frequency analysis further indicated that, in the early time window, the II conflict and the EI conflict specifically modulated power in the theta bands and beta bands, respectively. In contrast, in the later time window, both conflicts modulated power in the alpha and beta bands. In summary, our findings provide insights into the potential existence of two specific early conflict monitoring systems and a general late executive control system for FOR‐based conflicts.
Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations are not related to differences in maximal oxygen uptake in endurance trained and untrained men
Authors: Pawlak‐Chaouch Mehdi , Boissière Julien , Munyaneza Désiré , Tagougui Semah , Gamelin François‐Xavier , Cuvelier Grégory , Heyman Elsa , Goossens Jean‐François , Descat Amandine , Berthoin Serge , Aucouturier Julien 
Published: December 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Is there an association of plasma concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine, which is related to exercise capacity in patients with cardiovascular diseases, with oxygen delivery and subsequently exercise capacity in healthy subjects in the absence of the potentially confounding influence of inflammation and oxidative stress?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations are not related to exercise capacity in healthy subjects, while O2 delivery in the working skeletal muscle during the maximal graded‐exercise test is not associated with any of the l‐arginine analogues. ADMA alone does not play a crucial role in local muscle perfusion and in maintaining exercise capacity.
AbstractAsymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis that could limit oxygen (O2) delivery in the working skeletal muscles by altering endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation. Exercise capacity is associated with plasma ADMA concentrations in patients with cardiovascular diseases, but this issue has still not been investigated in healthy subjects. We aimed to determine whether plasma ADMA concentrations were negatively associated with exercise capacity in young healthy male subjects. Ten men with maximal oxygen uptake () > 65 mL kg−1 min−1 were included in the high exercise capacity group (HI‐FIT), and 10 men with < 45 mL kg−1 min−1 were included in the low exercise capacity group (LO‐FIT). Plasma ADMA and other l‐arginine analogue concentrations were measured before and after a maximal graded‐exercise test by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Microvascular O2 delivery during exercise was estimated through the pattern from the sigmoid model of muscle deoxygenation in the vastus lateralis measured by near infrared spectroscopy. was 60% higher in the HI‐FIT group (median: 70.2 mL kg−1 min−1; IQR: 68.0–71.9 mL kg−1 min−1) than in the LO‐FIT group (median: 43.8 mL kg−1 min−1; IQR: 34.8–45.3 mL kg−1 min−1). Plasma ADMA concentrations did not differ between the LO‐FIT and HI‐FIT groups before (0.50 ± 0.06 vs. 0.54 ± 0.07 μmol L−1, respectively) and after the maximal incremental exercise test (0.49 ± 0.08 vs. 0.55 ± 0.03 μmol L−1, respectively). There was no significant association of plasma ADMA concentrations with the pattern of local muscle deoxygenation and exercise capacity. Exercise capacity and microvascular O2 delivery are not related to plasma ADMA concentrations in young healthy male subjects. Our findings show that ADMA does not play a crucial role in local muscle perfusion and in maintaining exercise capacity without pathological conditions.
Ethical issues in nursing home palliative care: a cross-national survey
Authors: Muldrew Deborah H. L. , Kaasalainen Sharon , McLaughlin Dorry , Brazil Kevin 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesWith an increased dependency on nursing homes to provide care to the ageing population, it is likely that ethical issues will also increase. This study aimed to identify the type of ethical issues and level of associated distress experienced by nurses providing palliative care in nursing homes in the UK and Canada, and pilot the Ethical issues in Palliative Care for Nursing Homes (EPiCNH) instrument in Canada.MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was used. One hundred and twenty-three nurses located in 21 nursing homes across the UK and Canada completed the EPiCNH instrument.ResultsFrequent ethical issues include upholding resident autonomy, managing family distress, lack of staff communication and lack of time in both countries. Higher levels of distress resulted from poor communication, insufficient training, lack of time and family disagreements. Nurses in Canada experienced a greater frequency of ethical issues (p=0.022); however, there was no statistical difference in reported distress levels (p=0.53). The survey was positively rated for ease of completion, relevance and comprehensiveness.ConclusionsNurses’ reported comparable experiences of providing palliative care in UK and Canadian nursing homes. These findings have implications on the practice of care in nursing homes, including how care is organised as well as capacity of staff to care for residents at the end of life. Training staff to take account of patient and family values during decision-making may address many ethical issues, in line with global policy recommendations. The EPiCNH instrument has demonstrated international relevance and applicability.
Inhibitor of Differentiation-1 Sustains Mutant KRAS-Driven Progression, Maintenance, and Metastasis of Lung Adenocarcinoma via Regulation of a FOSL1 Network
Authors: Román Marta , López Inés , Guruceaga Elisabeth , Baraibar Iosune , Ecay Margarita , Collantes María , Nadal Ernest , Vallejo Adrián , Cadenas Silvia , Miguel Marta Echavarri-de , Jang Jae Hwi , Martin-Uriz Patxi San , Castro-Labrador Laura , Vilas-Zornoza Amaia , Lara-Astiaso David , Ponz-Sarvise Mariano , Rolfo Christian , Santos Edgardo S. , Raez Luis E. , Taverna Simona , Behrens Carmen , Weder Walter , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Vicent Silvestre , Gil-Bazo Ignacio 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Because of the refractory nature of mutant KRAS lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) to current therapies, identification of new molecular targets is essential. Genes with a prognostic role in mutant KRAS LUAD have proven to be potential molecular targets for therapeutic development. Here we determine the clinical, functional, and mechanistic role of inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1) in mutant KRAS LUAD. Analysis of LUAD cohorts from TCGA and SPORE showed that high expression of Id1 was a marker of poor survival in patients harboring mutant, but not wild-type KRAS. Abrogation of Id1 induced G2–M arrest and apoptosis in mutant KRAS LUAD cells. In vivo, loss of Id1 strongly impaired tumor growth and maintenance as well as liver metastasis, resulting in improved survival. Mechanistically, Id1 was regulated by the KRAS oncogene through JNK, and loss of Id1 resulted in downregulation of elements of the mitotic machinery via inhibition of the transcription factor FOSL1 and of several kinases within the KRAS signaling network. Our study provides clinical, functional, and mechanistic evidence underscoring Id1 as a critical gene in mutant KRAS LUAD and warrants further studies of Id1 as a therapeutic target in patients with LUAD.

Significance:
These findings highlight the prognostic significance of the transcriptional regulator Id1 in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and provide mechanistic insight into how it controls tumor growth and metastasis.
YAP1-Mediated CDK6 Activation Confers Radiation Resistance in Esophageal Cancer – Rationale for the Combination of YAP1 and CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Li Fan , Xu Yan , Liu Bovey , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Zhao Wei , Jin Jiankang , Han Guangchun , Scott Ailing W. , Dong Xiaochuan , Huo Longfei , Ma Lang , Pizzi Melissa Pool , Wang Ying , Li Yuan , Harada Kazuto , Xie Min , Skinner Heath D. , Ding Sheng , Wang Linghua , Krishnan Sunil , Johnson Randy L. , Song Shumei , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Esophageal cancer is a lethal disease that is often resistant to therapy. Alterations of YAP1 and CDK6 are frequent in esophageal cancer. Deregulation of both molecules may be responsible for therapy resistance.

Experimental Design:
Expressions of YAP1 and CDK6 were examined in esophageal cancer cells and tissues using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. YAP1 expression was induced in esophageal cancer cells to examine YAP1-mediated CDK6 activation and its association with radiation resistance. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibitions of YAP1 and CDK6 were performed to dissect the mechanisms and assess the antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo.

Results:
YAP1 expression was positively associated with CDK6 expression in resistant esophageal cancer tissues and cell lines. YAP1 overexpression upregulated CDK6 expression and transcription, and promoted radiation resistance, whereas treatment with the YAP1 inhibitor, CA3, strongly suppressed YAP1 and CDK6 overexpression, reduced Rb phosphorylation, as well as sensitized radiation-resistant/YAP1high esophageal cancer cells to irradiation. CDK4/6 inhibitor, LEE011, and knock down of CDK6 dramatically inhibited expression of YAP1 and sensitized resistant esophageal cancer cells to irradiation indicating a positive feed-forward regulation of YAP1 by CDK6. In addition, suppression of both the YAP1 and CDK6 pathways by the combination of CA3 and LEE011 significantly reduced esophageal cancer cell growth and cancer stem cell population (ALDH1+ and CD133+), sensitized cells to irradiation, and showed a strong antitumor effect in vivo against radiation-resistant esophageal cancer cells.

Conclusions:
Our results document that a positive crosstalk between the YAP1 and CDK6 pathways plays an important role in conferring radiation resistance to esophageal cancer cells. Targeting both YAP1 and CDK6 pathways could be a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance in esophageal cancer.
A Phase II Study of Talazoparib after Platinum or Cytotoxic Nonplatinum Regimens in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer and Germline BRCA1/2 Mutations (ABRAZO)
Authors: Turner Nicholas C. , Telli Melinda L. , Rugo Hope S. , Mailliez Audrey , Ettl Johannes , Grischke Eva-Maria , Mina Lida A. , Balmaña Judith , Fasching Peter A. , Hurvitz Sara A. , Wardley Andrew M. , Chappey Colombe , Hannah Alison L. , Robson Mark E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
To assess talazoparib activity in germline BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with advanced breast cancer.

Patients and Methods:
ABRAZO (NCT02034916) was a two-cohort, two-stage, phase II study of talazoparib (1 mg/day) in germline BRCA mutation carriers with a response to prior platinum with no progression on or within 8 weeks of the last platinum dose (cohort 1) or ≥3 platinum-free cytotoxic regimens (cohort 2) for advanced breast cancer. Primary endpoint was confirmed objective response rate (ORR) by independent radiological assessment.

Results:
We enrolled 84 patients (cohort 1, n = 49; cohort 2, n = 35) from May 2014 to February 2016. Median age was 50 (range, 31–75) years. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) incidence was 59% (cohort 1) and 17% (cohort 2). Median number of prior cytotoxic regimens for advanced breast cancer was two and four, respectively. Confirmed ORR was 21% [95% confidence interval (CI), 10–35; cohort 1] and 37% [95% CI, 22–55; cohort 2]. Median duration of response was 5.8 and 3.8 months, respectively. Confirmed ORR was 23% (BRCA1), 33% (BRCA2), 26% (TNBC), and 29% (hormone receptor–positive). The most common all-grade adverse events (AE) included anemia (52%), fatigue (45%), and nausea (42%). Talazoparib-related AEs led to drug discontinuation in 3 (4%) patients. In an exploratory analysis, longer platinum-free interval was associated with higher response rate in cohort 1 (0% ORR with interval &lt;8 weeks; 47% ORR with interval &gt;6 months).

Conclusions:
Talazoparib exhibited promising antitumor activity in patients with advanced breast cancer and germline BRCA mutation.
Ensemble Sensitivity Analysis of the Blocking System over Russia in Summer 2010
Authors: Quandt Lisa-Ann , Keller Julia H. , Martius Olivia , Pinto Joaquim G. , Jones Sarah C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In summer 2010, the weather conditions in the Euro-Russian sector were affected by a long-lasting atmospheric block that led to a heat wave in Russia and floods in Pakistan. Following previous studies describing the block’s predictability, the present study aims to investigate uncertainties in the upper-level wave pattern and diabatic processes that were responsible for the block’s forecast variability during its onset, mature, and decay phases. With this aim, an ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA) is performed for three medium-range THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble multimodel ensemble forecasts, one associated with each phase of the block’s life cycle. The ESA revealed that the block’s predictability was influenced by forecast uncertainties in the general wave pattern and in the vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT), used here as a proxy for diabatic processes. These uncertainties are associated with spatial shifts and intensity changes of synoptic waves and IVT during the whole life cycle of the block. During the onset phase, specific features include an Atlantic precursor block and the occurrence of several cyclones. During the mature stage, the blocking ridge itself was highly predictable, while forecast uncertainties in the wave pattern and in IVT primarily were associated with uncertainties in the block’s western flank. During the decay phase, the ESA signals were less intense, but the forecast variability significantly depended on the transformation of the block into a high-over-low pattern. It can be concluded that ESA is suitable to investigate the block’s forecast variability in multimodel ensembles.
Prediction of Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia Upgrades Through a Machine Learning Approach to Reduce Unnecessary Surgical Excisions
Authors: Harrington Lia , diFlorio-Alexander Roberta , Trinh Katherine , MacKenzie Todd , Suriawinata Arief , Hassanpour Saeed 
Published: December 2018

Purpose Surgical excision is currently recommended for all occurrences of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) found on core needle biopsies for malignancy diagnoses and treatment of lesions. The excision of all ADH lesions may lead to overtreatment, which results in invasive surgeries for benign lesions in many women. A machine learning method to predict ADH upgrade may help clinicians and patients decide whether combined active surveillance and hormonal therapy is a reasonable alternative to surgical excision. Methods The following six machine learning models were developed to predict ADH upgrade from core needle biopsy: gradient-boosting trees, random forest, radial support vector machine (SVM), weighted K-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic elastic net, and logistic regression. The study cohort consisted of 128 lesions from 124 women at a tertiary academic care center in New Hampshire who had ADH on core needle biopsy and who underwent an associated surgical excision from 2011 to 2017. Results The best-performing models were gradient-boosting trees (area under the curve [AUC], 68%; accuracy, 78%) and random forest (AUC, 67%; accuracy, 77%). The top five most important features that determined ADH upgrade were age at biopsy, lesion size, number of biopsies, needle gauge, and personal and family history of breast cancer. Using the random forest model, 98% of all malignancies would have been diagnosed through surgical biopsies, whereas 16% of unnecessary surgeries on benign lesions could have been avoided (ie, 87% sensitivity at 45% specificity). Conclusion These results add to the growing body of support for machine learning models as useful aids for clinicians and patients in decisions about the clinical management of ADH.