bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral arterial disease: Scoping review of patient‐centred outcomes
Authors: Bolton Laura 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) impairs patients’ quality of life (QOL), walking and ulcer healing, increasing patient pain, costs, and risks of amputation or mortality. A literature appraisal described PAD treatment capacity to improve validated patient‐centred outcomes in controlled clinical studies. The PUBMED database was searched from 1 January 1970 to 21 June 2018, for original and derivative controlled clinical trial references addressing MeSH terms for ‘ischemia’ AND ‘leg ulcer’. Non‐ischemic ulcer treatment references were excluded. Frequencies of improved (P < .05) outcomes were reported. Eighty‐eight studies on 4153 patients were summarized. Walking, pain or QOL improved mainly for interventions administered before PAD became severe. Amputation incidence, pain and ulcer healing were more frequently reported in those with severe PAD. Independent of PAD severity, patients experienced more likely improved walking, QOL, or pain reduction in response to structured walking interventions or those increasing calf muscle activity. Those with more severe PAD were more likely to report amputation reduction, mainly in response to invasive interventions. Those with PAD experienced more consistently improved patient‐centred outcomes if they received multidisciplinary PAD management with supervised walking or calf muscle activity, with more likely amputation risk reduced for those with more severe PAD.
Strain fields around strain‐concentrating features in fiber‐reinforced oxide composites
Authors: Samuel Avery F. , Christodoulou Paul G. , Zok Frank W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInelastic straining in the vicinity of strain‐concentrating features in fiber‐reinforced ceramic composites mitigates the high stresses that would otherwise be present and therefore alters the local conditions required to initiate fracture. The present study examines such effects through experimental measurements of strain fields around holes and notches in two oxide composites coupled with finite element simulations based on an inelastic constitutive model for the composite response. Computed strains fall within the bounds of experimental measurements for open‐hole tension over most of the loading history. The results motivate a fracture criterion based on attainment of a critical normal strain over a characteristic area. The response of single edge‐notched tensile specimens proves to be more challenging; because of the finite bending stiffness of the loading train, the boundary conditions on the test specimens evolve during loading, with bending playing an increasingly important role as the applied load is increased.
Distances between transseptal puncture site and anatomical landmarks
Authors: Derejko Paweł , Hasiec Andrzej , Bardyszewski Aleksander , Kuśnierz Jacek , Dzwonkowska Dobromiła , Szumowski Łukasz , Orczykowski Michał , Bodalski Robert , Baran Jakub , Gorlo Adam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to provide quantitative data and to look for new landmarks useful during transseptal puncture (TSP) using a fluoroscopy‐guided approach.Methods and resultsA total of 104 patients at mean age 57 ± 12 years, of whom 92% underwent pulmonary vein isolation, were analysed. Before TSP catheters were placed in the coronary sinus (CS) and His bundle region. A guidewire running from femoral vein through great veins was left loose in superior vena cava.Before TSP X‐ray images were taken in right anterior oblique (RAO) 45° and RAO 53° projections. Locations posterior to TSP site in RAO were described with negative values and those anterior with positive values.The measured distances in millimeters were as follows: (a) between TSP site and posterior atrial wall (RAO 45 = –21 ± 7 mm; RAO 53 = –19 ± 6 mm (b) between TSP site and free guidewire (RAO 45 = –5 ± 4 mm, RAO 53 = –3 ± 4 mm (c) between TSP site and CS ostium (RAO 45 = 9 ± 6 mm; RAO 53 = 8 ± 5 mm (d) between TSP site and His region (RAO 45 = 29 ± 8 mm; RAO 53 = 30 ± 8 mm). We observed correlations between measured distances and age, body mass index and sizes of cardiac chambers. The distance between TSP site and the line projected by the guidewire running between great veins, measured in mid‐RAO projections, was very small.ConclusionThe distances between TSP site and standard anatomical landmarks used during TSP vary with regard to age, physique and cardiac chamber dimensions. TSP site, as assessed in mid RAO, is in direct vicinity to the line projected by a guidewire running between the great veins.
Update on long QT syndrome
Authors: Neira Víctor , Enriquez Andrés , Simpson Chris , Baranchuk Adrian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLong QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited disorder characterized by a prolonged QT interval in the 12‐lead electrocardiogram and increased risk of malignant arrhythmias in patients with a structurally normal heart. Since its first description in the 1950s, advances in molecular genetics have greatly improved our understanding of the cause and mechanisms of this disease. Sixteen genes linked to LQTS have been described and genetic testing had become an integral part of the diagnosis and risk stratification. This article provides an updated review of the genetic basis, diagnosis, and clinical management of LQTS.
Gingival histoplasmosis: An atypical presentation of African histoplasmosis in three baboons (Papio spp)
Authors: Johannigman Taylor A. , Gonzalez Olga , Dutton John W. , Kumar Shyamesh , Dick Edward J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGingival lesions as the sole manifestation of African histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii) have never been reported in baboons. Grossly, lesions can be indistinguishable from bacterial ulcerative gingivitis or gingival hyperplasia. Clinical outcomes of primary gingival histoplasmosis in baboons are unknown and may complicate colony management decisions.
Access to Collateral and the Democratization of Credit: France's Reform of the Napoleonic Security Code
Authors: ARETZ KEVIN , CAMPELLO MURILLO , MARCHICA MARIA‐TERESA 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTFrance's Ordonnance 2006‐346 repudiated the notion of possessory ownership in the Napoleonic Code, easing the pledge of physical assets in a country where credit was highly concentrated. A differences‐test strategy shows that firms operating newly pledgeable assets significantly increased their borrowing following the reform. Small, young, and financially constrained businesses benefitted the most, observing improved credit access and real‐side outcomes. Start‐ups emerged with higher “at‐inception” leverage, located farther from large cities, with more assets‐in‐place than before. Their exit and bankruptcy rates declined. Spatial analyses show that the reform reached firms in rural areas, reducing credit access inequality across France's countryside.
A prospective study using image analysis to assess the efficacy of a topical treatment kit for mild onychomycosis
Authors: Khammo Nancy , Chesters Dave , Goldstone Lauren , Kennedy Gayle , Buckley Carolyn 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundOnychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails and is one of the most common dermatological infections worldwide. Infection occurs predominantly in the nails of the feet and if left untreated patients, particularly in at‐risk populations, can develop more serious complications, including pain, fissuring and secondary infections. Fungal infections are also contagious and may spread to other nails or to family members. Topical treatments can be effective for mild cases of the disease and typically have fewer contraindications. However, generation of robust efficacy data for topical therapies is often hindered by the difficulties associated with monitoring progression of mild onychomycosis using the conventional methods of mycological culture to obtain confirmation of podiatrist assessments.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to demonstrate image analysis as an effective method to monitor progression of fungal nail infections.MethodsA novel digital image analysis technique was used to evaluate improvement in the visual signs of onychomycosis, when using a topical treatment kit for mild fungal nail infections in 60 participants over a 280‐day period.ResultsImage analysis demonstrated a significant (P < .0001) reduction from baseline of the affected nail area throughout the study period, results which were also perceived by the subjects themselves. Use of the treatment kit also limited the deterioration of the infection and prevented transmission to other nails.ConclusionsImage analysis was established as a viable method to monitor the progression of fungal nail infections over long periods and demonstrate a clinical benefit following treatment.
Peripheral tryptophan, serotonin, kynurenine, and their metabolites in major depression: A case–control study
Authors: Colle Romain , Masson Perrine , Verstuyft Céline , Fève Bruno , Werner Erwan , Boursier‐Neyret Claire , Walther Bernard , David Denis J. , Boniface Bruno , Falissard Bruno , Chanson Philippe , Corruble Emmanuelle , Becquemont Laurent 
Published: October 2019

AimTryptophan is the sole precursor of both peripherally and centrally produced serotonin and kynurenine. In depressed patients, tryptophan, serotonin, kynurenine, and their metabolite levels remain unclear. Therefore, peripheral tryptophan and metabolites of serotonin and kynurenine were investigated extensively in 173 patients suffering from a current major depressive episode (MDE) and compared to 214 healthy controls (HC).MethodsFasting plasma levels of 11 peripheral metabolites were quantified: tryptophan, serotonin pathway (serotonin, its precursor 5‐hydroxytryptophan and its metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid), and kynurenine pathway (kynurenine and six of its metabolites: anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, nicotinamide, picolinic acid, xanthurenic acid, and 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid).ResultsSixty (34.7%) patients were antidepressant‐drug free. Tryptophan levels did not differ between MDE patients and HC. Serotonin and its precursor (5‐hydroxytryptophan) levels were lower in MDE patients than in HC, whereas, its metabolite (5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid) levels were within the standard range. Kynurenine and four of its metabolites (kynurenic acid, nicotinamide, picolinic acid, and xanthurenic acid) were lower in MDE patients.ConclusionWhilst the results of this study demonstrate an association between the metabolites studied and depression, conclusions about causality cannot be made. This study uses the largest ever sample of MDE patients, with an extensive assessment of peripheral tryptophan metabolism in plasma. These findings provide new insights into the peripheral signature of MDE. The reasons for these changes should be further investigated. These results might suggest new antidepressant therapeutic strategies.
Facial photoprotection in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients: Validation of a new self‐reported questionnaire of adherence
Authors: Canfield Martha , Norton Sam , Walburn Jessica , Morrison‐Bowen Natalie , Sainsbury Kirby , Araujo‐Soares Vera , Sarkany Robert , Weinman John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground/PurposeAdherence to photoprotection is the only way to prevent skin cancers and eye disease in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). No validated self‐report questionnaire exists for assessing adherence to photoprotection practices in individuals with XP. We sought to validate a self‐reported measure of adherence to face photoprotection in this population.MethodsSixty six XP patients recruited from the patient list of the XP specialist service in London, UK, completed a questionnaire of adherence to specific photoprotection behaviours. We measured objective ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to the face continuously for 21 days with a wristworn UVR electronic dosimeter combined with a daily photoprotection diary. Reliability and convergent validity of the questionnaire were tested in relation to overall UVR exposure, UVR dose to the face, daily photoprotection activities, other self‐reported photoprotection practices and clinical ratings of patient's protection.ResultsInternal consistency of the questionnaire was satisfactory. Questionnaire total scores were concordant with objective UVR exposure and UVR dose to the face. However, not all participants who reported good/excellent face photoprotection on the questionnaire recorded high levels of photoprotection in the daily diary. Correlations between the questionnaire and other practices and the clinical rating ranged from small to large in size. There was no correlation between the level of face photoprotection and self‐reported avoidance of going outside.ConclusionsOur questionnaire was reliable and had good convergent validity with other indicators of photoprotection. This questionnaire could assist clinicians to detect low levels of adherence, and the methodology used to develop validated questionnaires for other photosensitive conditions.
N400/frontal negativity reveals the controlled processes of taxonomic and thematic relationships in semantic priming for artifacts
Authors: Liang Xiuling , Xiao Feng , Lei Yi , Li Hong , Chen Qingfei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent studies show that taxonomic and thematic relationships are functionally and neurologically dissociated; however, there remain some discrepancies due to inconsistencies in definitions, task properties, and concept domains. This issue was further explored via the semantic priming paradigm with a long SOA of 600 ms while controlling for perceptual or functional features of artifacts involved across taxonomic and thematic relationships. Six conditions were compared: perceptual relationship (axe–helve), functional relationship (axe–wood), perceptual classification (axe–hammer), functional classification (axe–saw), unrelated condition (axe–skates), and nonword (axe–derf) conditions. Behavioral priming effects are found for all related conditions relative to unrelated conditions except for perceptual relationships, whereas semantic priming effects (smaller N400 amplitude) are found for functional relationships and perceptual classification relative to unrelated conditions but not for perceptual relationships and functional classification, indicating perceptual features are less important than functional features for artifacts. Furthermore, the frontal negativity elicited by functional relationships is smaller than all other related conditions at 400–550 ms, while it is only smaller than functional classification at 550–650 ms. These results indicate that, besides different features, taxonomic and thematic relationships are dissociated to organize object knowledge, which is primarily fuelled by feature processing, with taxonomic, or thematic, relationships further embedded with such sensory, or functional, features.
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome treated with non‐invasive ventilation: Is a switch to CPAP therapy feasible?
Authors: Arellano‐Maric Maria P. , Hamm Christine , Duiverman Marieke L. , Schwarz Sarah , Callegari Jens , Storre Jan H. , Schmoor Claudia , Spielmanns Marc , Galetke Wolfgang , Windisch Wolfram 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveObesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) can be treated with either continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) therapy; the device choice has important economic and operational implications.MethodsThis multicentre interventional trial investigated the safety and short‐term efficacy of switching stable OHS patients who were on successful NIV therapy for ≥3 months to CPAP therapy. Patients underwent an autotitrating CPAP night under polysomnography (PSG); if the ensuing parameters were acceptable, they were sent home on a fixed CPAP for a 4–6‐week period. It was hypothesized that blood gas analysis, PSG parameters and lung function tests would remain unchanged.ResultsA total of 42 OHS patients were recruited, of whom 37 patients were switched to CPAP therapy. All patients had a history of severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) I/II) was present in 52%. Regarding the primary outcome, 30 of 42 patients (71%, 95% CI: 55–84%) maintained daytime partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels ≤45 mm Hg after the home CPAP period. There was no further impairment in quality of life, sleep parameters or lung function. Interestingly, 24 patients (65%) preferred CPAP as their long‐term therapy, despite the high pressure levels used (mean: 13.8 ± 1.8 mbar). After the CPAP period, 7 of 37 patients were categorized as CPAP failure, albeit only due to mild hypercapnia (mean: 47.9 ± 2.7 mm Hg).ConclusionIt is feasible to switch most stable OHS patients from NIV to CPAP therapy, a step that could significantly reduce health‐related costs. The auto‐adjusted CPAP device, used in combination with the analysis of the PSG and capnometry, is a valid titration method in OHS patients.
Naturaleza del derecho de subrogación en el contrato de seguro y su relación con la cotitularidad del asegurado y asegurador frente al tercero responsable
Authors: Sánchez-García Mateo 
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo pretende exponer de manera analítica y reflexiva la naturaleza del derecho de subrogación o llamado recupero del asegurador frente al tercero responsable del siniestro, así como sus implicaciones y naturaleza en la cotitularidad de derechos entre el asegurado y el asegurador frente al tercero responsable, y en especial frente al fenómeno de la insuficiencia del crédito o insolvencia parcial del tercero responsable, teniendo como marco normativo la ley y jurisprudencia española.
Laminar Forced Convection of Nanofluids in a Circular Tube: A New Nonhomogeneous Flow Model
Authors: Mandal Saptarshi , Ghoshdastidar P. S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the local and average heat transfer coefficient enhancement or deterioration, and rise in pumping power in steady, laminar alumina–water, titania–water, and carbon nanotube (CNT)–water nanofluids flow in a horizontal circular tube subjected to constant heat flux at the outer wall have been investigated numerically based on a new variable property nonhomogeneous flow model which takes into account agglomeration of nanoparticles. The results have been compared with the published experimental results of Utomo et al. (Utomo, A. T. et al., 2014, “The Effect of Nanoparticles on Laminar Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Tube,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 69, pp. 77–91.) using various property models of thermal conductivity and viscosity, and for equal Reynolds number, equal inlet velocity, equal mass flowrate, and equal pumping power of nanofluid and base fluid. Stream function–vorticity–temperature formulation and finite difference method have been used. Using the same Reynolds number of nanofluid and base fluid gives much higher enhancement in average heat transfer coefficient as compared to other modes of comparison. Interestingly, the criterion of equal pumping power gives negative percent enhancement in the case of CNT–water nanofluid. The pumping power is found to rise for all three nanofluids. It is found that consideration of agglomeration of nanoparticles has produced improved accuracy in the numerical solution.
Multi-Layer Graphene/SnO2 Nanocomposites as Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Chau-Chung , Brahma Sanjaya , Weng Shao-Chieh , Chang Chia-Chin , Huang Jow-Lay 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report the synthesis of SnO2/multi-layer graphene nanocomposites by an easy low temperature (60 °C) electroless plating route. An aqueous suspension containing Sn(BF4)2 with multi-layer graphene is reacted at 60 °C in an acidic environment for 1 h, and Na2S2O4 is used to reduce tin ion from Sn(BF4)2. After electroless plating, the presence of SnO2 particle (15–35 nm) attached to the multi-layer graphene is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Tin oxide (SnO2) can be used to modify multi-layer graphene via electroless plating process decorating with oxygen-containing functional groups. It is found that the electroless plating has enhanced the electrochemical performance of SnO2 and multi-layer graphene that shows reasonably good capacity (∼243 mAh g−1 after 50 charge/discharge cycles) and high Coulombic efficiency (∼78%).
Anisotropy Characterization Using Abbott–Firestone Curves
Authors: Roy Ashutosh , Vemaganti Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, we use the Abbott–Firestone curve as the basis to develop a simple quantitative approach to measure the anisotropy of a surface. The main idea is to measure the difference between the curves for two mutually perpendicular directions over the surface as a function of the orientation of the lines. The approach is tested on a number of isotropic and anisotropic surfaces, both real and numerically generated.
The Educational Qurʾan: “Maybe Youp Will Understand (laʿallakum taʿqilūn)”
Authors: Christiansen Johanne Louise 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article addresses the Qurʾan in light of Peter Sloterdijk’s etymologically founded understanding and elaboration of askēsis as “training” or “exercise.” Approaching asceticism as a broad cultural phenomenon and not as, for example, renunciation, self-denial, or privation exclusively, the article demonstrates that the Qurʾan is a text characterized by ascetic norms and values. The Qurʾan is an educational project, employing a variety of pedagogical strategies to train its adherents how to think and react in a particular way. Through an outline of four examples of such strategies (the use of “learning terms,” metaphorical language, formulaic repetition, and polemical speech), I argue that the Qurʾan follows other (post-)axial religions in constructing an ascetic, deliberate, and self-reflexive mental training program for its followers.
Expression patterns of MIH, EcR2, and RXR3 in the moult cycle of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (Decapoda, Cambaridae)
Authors: Li J. B. , Ding J. G. , Xie W. , Lin Y. B. , Li H. , Yan J. , Li P. , Zhou K. Y. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In arthropods, the moult-inhibiting hormone (MIH), the ecdysone receptor (EcR), and the retinoid X receptor (RXR) are key regulators in moulting. In the present study, the full-length cDNAs of the MIH, EcR2, and RXR3 genes from the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (denoted as PcMIH, PcEcR2, and PcRXR3) were cloned. Tissue-specific and moult stage-specific mRNA expression patterns of these genes were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. PcMIH was detected only in the eyestalk, whereas PcEcR2 and PcRXR3 mRNA were expressed in all tissues tested. The highest levels of PcEcR2 and PcRXR3 were detected in the gill and hepatopancreas. Expression of PcMIH mRNA in the eyestalk increased from postmoult to peak in intermoult and then decreased in premoult. Expression of PcEcR2 mRNA in the eyestalk, hepatopancreas, and muscle increased from postmoult to peak in early premoult and then decreased. However, expression of PcEcR2 mRNA in the gill increased from postmoult to reach a maximum in intermoult and then decreased in premoult. Expression of PcRXR3 mRNA also fluctuated in the eyestalk, hepatopancreas, muscle, and gill, with a decrease from postmoult to late premoult. Expression of PcEcR2 and PcRXR3 mRNA increased relative to the control in the hepatopancreas and gill after unilateral and bilateral eyestalk ablation, which suggested that PcMIH can inhibit their mRNA expression. Double-stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference of PcRXR3 caused different changes in mRNA expression of these genes in different tissues and resulted in decreased expression of PcEcR2 mRNA, which suggested a collaborative relationship between PcEcR2 and PcRXR3.