bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of granularity in multiobjective optimization of mobile cloud hybrid applications
Authors: Akbar Aamir , Lewis Peter R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMobile devices can now support a wide range of applications, many of which demand high computational power. Backed by the virtually unbounded resources of cloud computing, today's mobile cloud (MC) computing can meet the demands of even the most computationally and resource‐intensive applications. However, many existing MC hybrid applications are inefficient in terms of achieving objectives like minimizing battery power consumption and network bandwidth usage, which form a trade‐off. To counter this problem, we propose a data‐driven technique that (1) does instrumentation by allowing class‐, method‐, and hybrid‐level configurations to be applied to the MC hybrid application and (2) measures, at runtime, how well the MC hybrid application meets these two objectives by generating data that are used to optimize the efficiency trade‐off. Our experimental evaluation considers two MC hybrid Android‐based applications. We modularized them first based on the granularity and the computationally intensive modules of the apps. They are then executed using a simple mobile cloud application framework while measuring the power and bandwidth consumption at runtime. Finally, the outcome is a set of configurations that consists of (1) statistically significant and nondominated configurations in collapsible sets and (2) noncollapsible configurations. The analysis of our results shows that from the measured data, Pareto‐efficient configurations, in terms of minimizing the two objectives, of different levels of granularity of the apps can be obtained. Furthermore, the reduction of battery power consumption with the cost of network bandwidth usage, by using this technique, in the two MC hybrid applications was (1) 63.71% less power consumption in joules with the cost of using 1.07 MB of network bandwidth and (2) 34.98% less power consumption in joules with the cost of using 3.73 kB of network bandwidth.
Chemical induction of hepatic apoptosis in rodents
Authors: Qinna Nidal A. , Ghanim Bayan Y. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe urge of identifying new pharmacological interventions to prevent or attenuate liver injury is of critical importance and needs an expanded experimental toolbox. Hepatocyte injury and cellular death is a prominent feature behind the pathology of liver diseases. Several research activities focused on identifying chemicals and hepatotoxicants that induce cell death by apoptosis, in addition to presenting its corresponding signaling pathway. Although such efforts provided further understanding of the mechanisms of cell death, it has also raised confusion concerning identifying the involvement of several modes of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis and fibrosis. The current review highlights the ability of several chemicals and potential hepatotoxicants to induce liver damage in rodents by means of apoptosis while the probable involvement of other modes of cell death is also exposed. Thus, several chemical substances including hepatotoxins, mycotoxins, hyperglycemia inducers, metallic nanoparticles and immunosuppressant drugs are reviewed to explore the hepatic cytotoxic spectrum they could exert on hepatocytes of rodents. In addition, the current review address the mechanism by which hepatotoxicity is initiated in hepatocytes in different rodents aiding the researcher in choosing the right animal model for a better research outcome.
Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite and EDTA on Surface Roughness of HyFlex CM and HyFlex EDM Files
Authors: Uslu Gülşah , Özyürek Taha , Yılmaz Koray 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the effect of exposure to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the surface topography and roughness of HyFlex controlled memory (CM) and HyFlex electrical discharge machining (EDM) using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Twenty HyFlex EDM (25/.08) and 20 HyFlex CM (25/.06) files were divided into five groups (n = 4). One group served as a negative control group. The files in the other groups were exposed to 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA solutions at 37°C for 5 and 10 min, respectively, and examined using AFM after each exposure. The data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA test. The lowest values were observed in the control group of HyFlex EDM files (p < .05). The highest values were observed in the HyFlex EDM and HyFlex CM files immersed in EDTA for 10 min (p < .05). In conclusion, the tested irrigants had a significant negative effect on the surface porosity of NiTi files.The immersion of NiTi files in irrigants during cleaning and sterilization procedures results in corrosion and surface deformation of the files, and this can lead to unexpected file fracture during clinical use. Thus, the investigation of effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on surface topography of HyFlex files is important.
Micromorphological investigation of leaf epidermis and seeds of Vitaceae from Pakistan using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Lubna  , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Shaheen Shabnum , Sultana Shazia , Rehman Saeed ur , Amina Hafiza 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis present study is the first report on the detailed foliar epidermal anatomy and micromorphology of seeds of five species of Vitaceae from Pakistan using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studied species occur at various localities particularly higher altitude. Qualitative and quantitative leaf micromorphological characters investigated here are related to shape and size of epidermal cells, anticlinal wall pattern, stomatal pore, guard cell, stomatal complex, subsidiary cells, and trichomes. Variations in size and shape were observed in the studied species. Irregular, polygonal and elongated epidermal cells with straight or undulate margins, stomata anomocytic type, and trichomes nonglandular, unicellular to multicellular in all the studied plants. Seed micromorphological qualitative characters studied are shape of margins, integument cell, apical notch, chalaza, anticlinal wall thickness, and quantitative characters are number of seeds per berry, length, and width of seed, length to width ratio. The detailed distribution and microscopic characteristics investigated of family Vitaceae has a distinguished role in identification at genus and species level and may provide evidence in the determination of taxonomic rank of the family in the phylogenetic tree. This study possesses potential for plant taxonomists to further evaluate the species for phytochemical studies and physiology.Research Highlights

Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used for the micromorphological investigation of family Vitaceae
Qualitative and quantitative characteristics were studied
Variation in microscopic features of leaf epidermis and seeds
Identification of species based on micromorphological characters
Conscious sedation using propofol versus midazolam in cirrhotic patients during upper GI endoscopy: A comparative study
Authors: Wahab Essam A , Hamed Emad F , Ahmad Hanan S , Abdel Monem Sameh M , Fathy Talaat 
Published: October 2018

AimWe aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of propofol versus midazolam in cirrhotic patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy.MethodsNinety compensated cirrhotic patients (all met class I–III criteria according to the American Society of Anesthesia) were enrolled in this comparative study. They were classified into three groups according to scheduled pre‐endoscopy sedation drugs; the midazolam group, which included 30 patients who received IV weight‐dependent midazolam (0.05 mg/kg with additional doses of 1 mg every 2 min when necessary, up to a maximum dose of 0.1 mg/kg or 10 mg); the propofol group, which included 30 patients who received a propofol bolus dose according to age and weight (0.25 mg/kg with additional doses of 20–30 mg every 30–60 s when necessary, up to a maximum dose of 400 mg); and the combined group, which included 30 patients who received half a dose of midazolam and of propofol.ResultsProlonged postendoscopy recovery times were reported in the midazolam group, while shorter recovery times were reported in the propofol and combined groups. All patients in the propofol and combined groups gained consciousness shortly postendoscopy; however, only half of the midazolam group's patients gained consciousness after the standard recovery time (10–30 min). Highly significant differences were found among the three groups regarding consciousness level according to the Glasgow coma scale, as well as regarding the occurrence of hypoxia during endoscopy.ConclusionConsidering safety and efficacy issues, propofol is better than midazolam in gastrointestinal endoscopy, especially in patients with liver cirrhosis.
On making sense. An exploration of Wundt’s apperceptionist account of meaningful speech
Authors: De Kock Liesbet 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the wake of the critical reorientation in the historiography of psychology, a number of scholars challenged the one‐sided structuralist and positivist interpretation of Wilhelm Wundt’s work. This paper aims at contributing to these recent efforts, by providing an analysis of the way in which Wundt’s apperceptionism conditioned his account of the relation between thought and speech, and by extrapolation, of disorganized thought and speech. While Wundt’s pivotal role in the development of the psychology of language is relatively well‐known, discussions on this part of his theorizing tend to focus exclusively on his gestural or motor account of language. This obliterates the complex theoretical background of Wundt’s theory of language and speech, as well as its systematic place within his psychological system. Highlighting this neglected dimension of Wundt’s theorizing, however, could open up a new horizon of pressing research questions in the historiography of psychology.
Fully automatic segmentation on prostate MR images based on cascaded fully convolution network
Authors: Zhu Yi , Wei Rong , Gao Ge , Ding Lian , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Xiaoying , Zhang Jue 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundComputer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) can aid radiologists in quantifying prostate cancer, and MRI segmentation plays an essential role in CAD applications. Clinical experience shows that prostate cancer occurs predominantly in the peripheral zone (PZ) and there exist different evaluation criteria for different regions in the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS).PurposeTo develop a fully automatic approach to segmenting the prostate outer contour and the PZ contour with high efficacy.PopulationIn all, 163 subjects, including 61 healthy subjects and 102 prostate cancer patients. For each subject, all slices that contained prostate gland in diffusion‐weighted images (DWIs) and T2‐weighted images (T2WIs) were selected as the datasets.Field StrengthT2‐weighted, DWI at 3.0T.AssessmentThe computer‐generated segmentation results were compared with the manual outlining results that were depicted by two experts with more than 5 years' experience. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), false‐positive rate (FPR), and false‐negative rate (FNR) were used to compared the algorithm and manual segmentation results.Statistical TestsA paired t‐test was adopted for comparison between our method and classical U‐Net segmentation methods.ResultsThe mean DSC was 92.7 ± 4.2% for the total whole prostate gland and 79.3 ± 10.4% for the total peripheral zone. Compared with classical U‐Net segmentation methods, our segmentation precision was significantly higher (P < 0.001).Data ConclusionBy cropping the region of interest and cascading the two networks, our method balances the positive and negative sample gradually, and results in higher segmentation accuracy. This fully automatic strategy could provide satisfactory performance in prostate DWIs and T2WIs‐based image segmentation.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1149–1156.
Comparison of quantitative regional perfusion‐weighted phase resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI with dynamic gadolinium‐enhanced regional pulmonary perfusion MRI in COPD patients
Authors: Kaireit Till F. , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gutberlet Marcel , Freise Julia , Jobst Bertram , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich , Welte Tobias , Wacker Frank , Vogel‐Claussen Jens 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundPerfusion‐weighted noncontrast‐enhanced proton lung MRI during free breathing is maturing as a novel technique for assessment of regional lung perfusion, but has not yet been validated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.PurposeTo compare pulmonary parenchymal perfusion assessed by noncontrast‐enhanced perfusion‐weighted phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL)‐MRI with lung perfusion determined with dynamic gadolinium‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI and with lung function test parameters.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA single‐center subset of the COPD cohort "COPD and SYstemic consequenzes‐COmorbidities NETwork" (COSYCONET). Forty‐seven patients with COPD (median age 66 [57–70] years) were studied.Field Strength/SequenceFor PREFUL‐MRI a spoiled gradient echo sequence and for DCE‐MRI, a 3D time‐resolved spoiled gradient echo sequence was used at 1.5T.AssessmentPREFUL‐MRI coronal slices were acquired in free breathing. DCE‐MRI was performed in breath‐hold with administration of 0.025 mmol/kg bodyweight of gadobutrol i.v. at a rate of 4 ml/s and pulmonary blood flow (PBF) maps were calculated. Slices of PREFUL and DCE‐MRI were matched by their ventrodorsal position and corresponding slices were coregistered for evaluation. Perfusion defect percentages (QDP) were calculated for both methods.Statistical TestsThe obtained parameters were correlated using Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) and Bland–Altman plot analysis.ResultsPREFUL‐QDP showed an absolute and spatial agreement with PBF‐QDP on a global (39.3 (31.8–45.5)% vs. 44.7 (35.4–50.0)% with a spatial overlap of 62.2 (57.2–67.2)%)) as well as on a lobar level and correlated with lung function test parameters (PREFUL‐QDP vs. FEV1, r = –0.75, P < 0.0001). There was a systematic overestimation of PREFUL‐QDP compared with PBF‐QDP, mainly in the lower lobes, resulting in an overall overestimation for the whole lung with a mean difference of 5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0%; 7.0%; STD 6.8%).Data ConclusionPREFUL‐MRI is a promising noninvasive, radiation‐free tool for quantification of regional perfusion in COPD patients.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1122–1132.
Vitamin C Status in Hospitalized Adults According to Subjective Global Assessment Method
Authors: Avelino Dewelyn Dias , Maltos André Luiz , Portari Guilherme Vannucchi , Gonçalves Álisson de Carvalho , da Cunha Daniel Ferreira 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe subjective global assessment (SGA) is a powerful tool for nutrition status assessment. Our aim was to compare vitamin C serum levels among patients classified as A, B, or C in the SGA.MethodsOne hundred‐and‐fifty adults in the wards of the University Hospital participated in this study. Besides SGA, all cases were submitted to anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and 24‐hour dietary recall. Laboratory data included blood hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum albumin, transferrin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and vitamin C. Acute phase response was defined by serum CRP > 0.5 mg/dL; low serum vitamin C was defined by serum levels < 0.4 mg/dL. Analysis of variance and χ2 tests were used to compare groups; P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsPatients were diagnosed as SGA A (n = 76), B (n = 38), or C (n = 36) and showed different anthropometry and BIA. The same occurred, respectively, with vitamin C (median; range, in mg/day) intake (55.0; 4.7–140.6 vs 34.0; 10.3–244.2 vs 15.8; 2.3–124.0) and high (%) CRP (88.3 vs 65.8 vs 48.7) and low (%) vitamin C serum levels (21.1 vs 34.2 vs 63.9).ConclusionPatients with worst nutrition parameters (SGA C) showed lower ascorbic acid serum levels than those classified as SGA A or B. These results are in accordance with reduced vitamin C intake and the presence of acute phase response.
Bacterial biopolymer (polyhydroxyalkanoate) production from low‐cost sustainable sources
Authors: Aljuraifani Amal A. , Berekaa Mahmoud M. , Ghazwani Azzah A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwenty‐six different bacterial strains were isolated from samples taken from different locations Dammam, Saudi Arabia, for screening of their polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production capability. The initial screening was conducted by staining with Sudan Black B and Nile Red, followed by examination under fluorescence and electron microscopes to characterize PHA granule formation. The PHA‐producing bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene analyses; the most potent bacterial strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. strain‐P(16). The PHA production capability of this strain in the presence of different low‐cost carbon sources, such as rice bran, dates, and soy molasses, was analyzed. PHA production in the presence of rice bran, dates, and soy molasses was 90.9%, 82.6%, and 91.6%, respectively.
Increased dynamin expression precedes proteinuria in glomerular disease
Authors: Khalil Ramzi , Koop Klaas , Kreutz Reinhold , Spaink Herman P , Hogendoorn Pancras CW , Bruijn Jan A , Baelde Hans J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDynamin plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Specifically, dynamin regulates the actin cytoskeleton and the turnover of nephrin in podocytes, and knocking down dynamin expression causes proteinuria. Moreover, promoting dynamin oligomerization with Bis‐T‐23 restores podocyte function and reduces proteinuria in several animal models of chronic kidney disease. Thus, dynamin is a promising therapeutic target for treating chronic kidney disease. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological role of dynamin under proteinuric circumstances in a rat model and in humans. We found that glomerular Dnm2 and Dnm1 mRNA levels are increased prior to the onset of proteinuria in a rat model of spontaneous proteinuria. Also, in zebrafish embryos, we confirm that knocking down dynamin translation results in proteinuria. Finally, we show that the glomerular expression of dynamin and cathepsin L protein is increased in several human proteinuric kidney diseases. We propose that the increased expression of glomerular dynamin reflects an exhausted attempt to maintain and/or restore integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. These results confirm that dynamin plays an important role in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier, and they support the notion that dynamin is a promising therapeutic target in proteinuric kidney disease. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Exploring the spatiotemporal genetic heterogeneity in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma using a nuclei flow‐sorting approach
Authors: Lorber Thomas , Andor Noemi , Dietsche Tanja , Perrina Valeria , Juskevicius Darius , Pereira Karen , Greer Stephanie U , Krause Arthur , Müller David C , Savic Prince Spasenija , Lardinois Didier , Barrett Michael T , Ruiz Christian , Bubendorf Lukas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVariable tumor cellularity can limit sensitivity and precision in comparative genomics because differences in tumor content can result in misclassifying truncal mutations as region‐specific private mutations in stroma‐rich regions, especially when studying tissue specimens of mediocre tumor cellularity such as lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs). To address this issue, we refined a nuclei flow‐sorting approach by sorting nuclei based on ploidy and the LUAD lineage marker thyroid transcription factor 1 and applied this method to investigate genome‐wide somatic copy number aberrations (SCNAs) and mutations of 409 cancer genes in 39 tumor populations obtained from 16 primary tumors and 21 matched metastases. This approach increased the mean tumor purity from 54% (range 7–89%) of unsorted material to 92% (range 79–99%) after sorting. Despite this rise in tumor purity, we detected limited genetic heterogeneity between primary tumors and their metastases. In fact, 88% of SCNAs and 80% of mutations were propagated from primary tumors to metastases and low allele frequency mutations accounted for much of the mutational heterogeneity. Even though the presence of SCNAs indicated a history of chromosomal instability (CIN) in all tumors, metastases did not have more SCNAs than primary tumors. Moreover, tumors with biallelic TP53 or ATM mutations had high numbers of SCNAs, yet they were associated with a low interlesional genetic heterogeneity. The results of our study thus provide evidence that most macroevolutionary events occur in primary tumors before metastatic dissemination and advocate for a limited degree of CIN over time and space in this cohort of LUADs. Sampling of primary tumors thus may suffice to detect most mutations and SCNAs. In addition, metastases but not primary tumors had seeded additional metastases in three of four patients; this provides a genomic rational for surgical treatment of such oligometastatic LUADs. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term outcome of renal function in children after stem cell transplantation measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Ukeba‐Terashita Yukayo , Kobayashi Ryoji , Hori Daiki , Matsushima Satoru , Sano Hirozumi , Suzuki Daisuke , Nakajima Masahide , Suzuki Masahiko , Ueno Michihiko , Fujita Shoji , Kobayashi Kunihiko 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundStem cell transplantation (SCT) outcomes have improved over the last three decades, with many patients being rescued with this treatment. However, improved outcomes have led to issues with long‐term sequelae. One of these sequelae in children is renal dysfunction, an index of which is estimated using glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).ProcedureWe retrospectively analyzed eGFR in 83 pediatric patients who received SCT. Data from all patients extended up to 12 months or more post SCT. The median follow‐up time was 127.7 months (range 12.0‐268.8 months).ResultsEighteen patients (21.7%) had low eGFR (<90 ml/min/1.73 m2) post SCT. Cumulative incidence of low eGFR was 25.8 ± 2.0%. Nine (10.6%) patients had a low eGFR pre‐SCT. However, pre‐ and post‐SCT incidence of low eGFR were not correlated. Meanwhile, only two patients (2.4%) exhibited severe renal dysfunction, with eGFRs < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Independent risk factors for low eGFR were solid tumor and use of fludarabine. Moreover, age at SCT ≥ 7 years was also a long‐term post‐SCT risk factor for low eGFR in all patients.ConclusionIndependent post‐SCT long‐term risk factors for low eGFR in children were solid tumor and use of fludarabine. Moreover, age at SCT ≥ 7 years was a post‐SCT long‐term risk factor for low eGFR across all patients.