bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer and Escape to London
Authors: Diago Ortega José-Modesto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter goes back to Besson, and namely his extraordinary reluctance to prove that the saxotromba patent was false and that Sax was abusing his position. To this end, Besson sent two letters to the Parliament at the time when the extension of the Sax’s patents was being processed (1860) and which gave wings to the deputies opposed to said extension. These letters contained serious recriminations against his rival, such as that of being a speculator and providing false information. Besson sent another letter to the Senate with similar accusations. Sax sued him for defamation and Besson was sentenced to two months in prison. However, Besson evaded imprisonment by transferring his business to his wife and fleeing to London, where he had a branch of his company. Sax did not let himself be intimidated by a woman and inflicted a gigantic raid on Madame Florentine Besson before 1860 was over.
The Human Primate
Authors: Tomasello Michael , Call Josep 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a review of findings from human social cognition based on studies that directly compare humans and non-human primates, particularly great apes (mostly represented by chimpanzees), macaques and capuchin monkeys, along with some speculations about how human social cognition is similar to and different from that of other primates. It focuses on the four themes corresponding to Chapters 2–5: competition and cooperation; social strategies and communication; social learning and culture; and theory of mind and metacognition. The last part of the chapter offers some theoretical speculations about the evolution of human social cognition that emphasizes the cooperative and cultural nature of human beings.
Descriptives and Statistical Analyses
Authors: Croissant Aurel , Eschenauer-Engler Tanja , Kuehn David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines forty dictators’ endgames from 1946 to 2014. The analysis of our original Dictator’s Endgame Dataset reveals that militaries typically defected rather than repressed protests, often by staying neutral or supporting the opposition; military coups ousted the autocrat in only five cases. Statistical analyses indicate that military loyalty correlates with extensive benefits and careers tied to the existing regime, that the likelihood of siding with the opposition is influenced by expectations about the fate of military leaders under a new regime, and that endgame coups only occur in countries with a history of military seizures of political power.
Dictators’ Endgames before the Third Wave, 1946–1973
Authors: Croissant Aurel , Eschenauer-Engler Tanja , Kuehn David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 presents comparative and case study analyses of the seven endgames in the 1946 to 1973 period. Our study of military repression in Poland 1956 and 1970, and in Greece 1973 show that the militaries differed in the extent of their material spoils and political privileges. Nonetheless, in all three cases the military leadership was tied to the persistence of the existing regime through strategic recruitment and inclusion into the political elite, making repression the most beneficial course of action. The analyses of endgames in Venezuela (1958), South Korea (1960), Pakistan (1968), and Thailand (1973) show that loyalty shifts were beneficial for military leaders as they could expect to preserve their political and material preferences even after the incumbent’s fall while avoiding the costs of mass violence or internal politicization after a coup attempt.
Conclusion
Authors: Croissant Aurel , Eschenauer-Engler Tanja , Kuehn David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The final chapter concludes the book by summarizing the findings and comparatively evaluating the theoretical expectations in light of the empirical evidence. We show that the decision between defection and repression in dictators’ endgames reflects the combination of benefits of repression and the likelihood of military leaders remaining in office despite defection. In turn, the potential benefits of siding with the opposition and the likelihood of coup success affect the decision of military defectors to stage a coup or not. We then compare empirical patterns across the three “waves” of endgames studied in this book and briefly discuss to what extent our arguments travel to post-2014 endgames. The chapter closes by discussing the implications of our findings for the future academic study and political practice of mass protests in authoritarian regimes.
Remembering Disempowerment in Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Chronicles
Authors: De Souza Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe chapter analyses two of the earliest iterations of the story of the infantes and Mudarra: the versión amplificada of the Estoria de España composed under Sancho IV of Castile (1289) and the anonymous Crónica de 1344. These chronicles were written from the vantage point of an ascendent Kingdom of Castile in the process of colonising al-Andalus and subjugating its Muslim population, who became known as mudéjares. The chapter contends that both chronicles ascribe Castile’s colonial disempowerment vis-à-vis the Caliphate in this story to the fact that its nobility suffer from an endemic inability to engage in and understand identity change. This critical exposé is enabled by the multivalent literary motif of juego or gameplay: verbal gameplay correlates to dissimulation and temporary identity change within the Castilian faction, while the Andalusis negotiate their identity via public games and ceremony, which extends to full metamorphosis through conversion. Rather than exploiting the nobility’s degeneracy to provide a didactic exemplum, both chronicles instead raise the possibility of the positive Andalusi influence on Castile while foreclosing this through Mudarra’s assimilation, thus forging a critical reflection upon the limits of cultural assimilation in Castile. This preoccupation with identity change is moreover mirrored in the chronicle form: both engage in meta-historiographical juego or overt references to their memory work. The chronicles are thus just as constructed as the racialisation and deception wielded strategically by the Castilian noblemen, which in turn undermines the notion that Castile has a stable, heroic past.
Local Designs and Global Pretensions
Authors: De Souza Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe chapter assesses the careful reconstruction of the Caliphate’s memory against the rapidly changing borders and sociopolitical formation of late-fifteenth and early-sixteenth century Iberia. It compares how the story of Mudarra and the infantes is transformed into self-conscious historiographical discourses that advocate for renewed formations of Castilian identity before and after 1492. It analyses two local invocations of this colonial memory—the likely Jewish-authored Refundición toledana chronicle of 1460 and the work of the Biscayan banderizo Lope García de Salazar in his Libro de las buenas andanças e fortunas (c. 1471–76)—and compares these to protonationalistic works reproduced on a mass scale in the early sixteenth century. The anonymous short chronicle Estoria del noble cauallero el Conde Fernán González con la muerte de los siete infantes de Lara (1511) and Florián de Ocampo’s Las quatro partes enteras de la Cronica de España (1541) respond to imperial ideologies and post-conquest religio-racial homogenisation by omitting Castilian–Andalusi cooperation and argue for the Peninsula’s Christian destiny. What emerges from a comparative study of these four forms of historiography from late medieval and early modern Castile is not only the elasticity of the story of the infantes and Mudarra and its relevance at different scales. It is also the melancholic creativity that correlates with localisation and the homogenisation that occurs with attempted nationalisation and mass reproduction.
Performative Memory and Post-Expulsion Islamophobia in thecomedia nueva
Authors: De Souza Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe chapter unpacks how a developed seventeenth-century comedia mobilised the cultural memory of the Caliphate of Cordoba in the face of the morisco expulsions from 1609 to 1612. It assesses how in Lope de Vega’s El Bastardo Mudarra, Tragicomedia (1612) distinct discourses of memory intersect, with the eponymous protagonist Mudarra configured as both Andalusi and morisco. Lope renders racial and religious differences as performative to further a critique of social class. Almost two decades later, morisco playwright Álvaro Cubillo de Aragón penned El rayo de Andalucía (c. 1630); a comedia that constructs a protofeminism to justify Islamophobia and ambivalently reduces Mudarra’s vengeance to a love story. Following Cueva, both plays also engage in metahistory to problematise the stability of any past that is performed on stage. While this emerges in Bastardo’s preponderance of conflicting retelling, a nationalist impetus affords only the Christians in Rayo the care and ability to overturn their history of colonial disempowerment in the present.
Nineteenth-Century Memory Contests
Authors: De Souza Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe final chapter argues that the story of the infantes and Mudarra was radically rewritten by nineteenth-century liberals to expose the failings of modern-day constructions of the Spanish nation. By Castilianising the Andalusi Mudarra long before he crosses the border, they demonstrate how contemporary Romantic visions of al-Andalus as a multicultural utopia acculturate and thus forget cultural plurality, a tendency common in nineteenth-century Arabist scholarship. Ángel de Saavedra’s El moro expósito (1834) ironically lavishes praise on an exceptional, secularised al-Andalus while racialising the strict Islamic beliefs of North Africans, Castile’s inescapable ties to whom inhibit a satisfying resolution to the work. El moro expósito therefore brings into dialogue Spain’s intersecting, multidirectional memories of al-Andalus and North Africa. In the fervent anticlerical José Somoza’s El bautismo de Mudarra (1842), meanwhile, the eponymous protagonist’s conversion is reluctant and ultimately fruitless, as he is left newly orphaned yet ‘Christian’ in Castile, mourning an Andalusi identity that is ironically already effaced by a narrative that conceptualises him as a modern pacifist steeped in secular philosophy.
The Liberal Script: A Reconstruction
Authors: Zürn Michael , Gerschewski Johannes 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This contribution submits a specific description of the contemporary liberal script based on a sociological reconstruction. A script consists of a complex set of prescriptive and descriptive statements and a specific grammar that points to the relationship between them. We start by identifying the first layer of the liberal script, understood as the justificatory basis for developing additional components. Then, we discuss additional components that speak to societal, economic, political, and cross-cutting issues of a liberal script. Since there is no single, unambiguous thing called liberalism, we identify varieties of the liberal script, i.e. a class with differing ideas that show significant commonalities and overlaps. We do so by considering on the one hand a set of concepts that share a family resemblance, as Wittgenstein described. On the other hand, we carve out the most critical tensions between these concepts.
Temporality and Liberal Constitutionalism
Authors: Dann Philipp 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Temporal aspects are omnipresent in current debates on constitutionalism. Be it the dystopian future of climate change, fixing pasts through memory laws or the contrite acknowledgment (or happy exclamation) that “the end of history” turned out to be rather short-lived. Temporality has in fact complemented territory as a central register of constitutional debates around the world. This chapter argues that this emergence of temporality as register of constitutional debates connotes not only a “turn to history” but involves four dimensions of temporal thinking: the past but also conceptions of the future (utopian as well as dystopian), the sequence of events in various places (and in particular the West and non-West), and the pace of time (especially with regard to the observation of acceleration).
Liberal Script and Its Populist Contestations in India
Authors: Prakash Amit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
India, a robust and working democracy, has recently been seen to be turning into an illiberal electoral democracy; frequently described as “populist.” This chapter, with the help of some recent datasets from India, argues that the roots of such populist illiberal electoral democracy lie in the belied promises of liberalism. Inability of the liberal script to reconcile the tensions between liberal script emphasizing questions of liberty, rule of law, and individual rights and the mechanics of democracy premised on equality and identity between those governing and those governed is combined with its inability to reconcile claims of a social community with the tropes of modern liberal democracy. The stress on individual liberty and the myth of ethnocultural neutrality leads the modern liberal democracy to be unable to speak to the claims of an ideational basis of popular sovereignty whose mechanics are inevitability rooted in the collective.
Lectures on Ethics, 1946
Authors: 9780198931171  , Strawson P. F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This volume presents a series of lectures given by P. F. Strawson to final-year undergraduates at the University of Wales, Bangor, in the autumn term of 1946. The manuscript of these lectures survives and is preserved in the Bodleian Library in Oxford. The lectures contain the germ of Strawson’s developed thought on freedom, moral attitudes, and ethical ideals, with an unusual level of attention being paid to contemporary psychological research. Other topics covered include the contrast between consequentialist and other moral theories, the analysis of moral judgements, and the nature of moral obligation.
The Analysis of Moral Judgements
Authors: Strawson P. F. , Dancy Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lecture 12 addresses the nature of moral judgements. Actual experience of the specifically moral emotions is the source of all our moral categories. Strawson discusses the ideal of a fully developed moral sensibility, the analogy between ‘water tends to run downhill’ and ‘Promise-keeping tends to be right’. Strawson discusses the idea that ideal moral judgements are analogous to the statements of pure/applied science. It is argued that general moral judgements are not expressions of emotion, but can be analysed in terms of an ideal type of feeling. They all admit of exceptions.
From Corporate Personality to Corporate Governance
Authors: Beckers Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the role of corporate governance systems in ensuring human rights respect. Rather than moving towards acceptance of corporations as international legal subjects with human rights obligations, the chapter argues that corporations become accepted as actors that should instrumentalize their own governance systems for human rights protection. To that end, there are two interlinked arguments: first, doctrinally it analyses how international frameworks in business and human rights, notably the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, have led to accepting corporate governance structures as core instruments for ensuring corporate human rights respect at the expense of state-based human rights protection. Second, reviewing recent empirical studies on corporate practices regarding inclusion of human rights respect within their governance structure and comparing this to the related understanding in international human rights law, the chapter reveals how the origin, justification, and content of human rights as well as the required processes and remedies effectively lead to a transformation of human rights from a state-centric to a corporate-centric understanding. The chapter concludes by bringing into this transformation process the need for private law to address this ‘new reality’ of human rights protection.
Attitudes toward Research
Authors: Vidair Hilary B. , Gustafson Pam L. , Feindler Eva L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 focuses on attitudes students need to successfully begin research in applied graduate programs in psychology, mental health, and education. First, attitudes toward science and practice in applied fields are reviewed. Second, the ways attitudes toward research in a particular program can impact students are discussed. Third, the chapter identifies ways students can appreciate having a role in conducting research in applied settings and cultivate a positive attitude about research resources, ethics, and the institutional review board. Stages of change and related processes that can help are discussed using an accompanying worksheet to help students determine how ready they are to do the work their project requires (e.g., a dissertation or thesis) and steps for moving forward. Finally, students’ attitudes toward self-evaluation and feedback are explored, including a worksheet designed to help identify attitudes toward professionals, writing, and presenting and restructure these attitudes to be more positive.
Skills for Writing Your Proposal and Managing Your Final Project
Authors: Vidair Hilary B. , Gustafson Pam L. , Feindler Eva L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 focuses on the skills students in applied graduate programs in psychology, mental health, and education need to successfully write their proposal and manage their final project (e.g., a dissertation or thesis). It begins with a brief section about selecting a chair before focusing on how to write a research or scholarly project proposal, including how to write introduction and method sections. Skills for successfully working with a chair are described, as well as how to troubleshoot issues with a chair and committee members. Skills for finalizing a proposal draft and preparing for a proposal meeting are reviewed. The chapter also details how to write an institutional review board application. Skills for managing a final project are reviewed, including preparing materials, managing research assistants, and handling changes over time. Strategies for keeping a project’s timeline on track are also provided. The chapter concludes with suggestions for remediation planning.
Cryo-EM structure of histidyl-tRNA synthetase-like domain reveals activating crossed helices at the core of GCN2
Authors: Solorio-Kirpichyan Kristina , Fan Xiao , Golovenko Dmitrij , Korostelev Andrei A , Yan Nieng , Korennykh Alexei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
GCN2 is a conserved receptor kinase activating the integrated stress response (ISR) in eukaryotic cells. The ISR kinases detect accumulation of stress molecules and reprogram translation from basal tasks to preferred production of cytoprotective proteins. GCN2 stands out evolutionarily among all protein kinases due to the presence of a histidyl-tRNA synthetase-like (HRSL) domain, which arises only in GCN2 and is located next to the kinase domain (KD). How HRSL contributes to GCN2 signaling remains unknown. Here, we report a 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of HRSL from thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. This structure shows a constitutive symmetrical homodimer featuring a compact helical-bundle structure at the junction between HRSL and KDs, in the core of the receptor. Mutagenesis demonstrates that this junction structure activates GCN2 and indicates that our cryo-EM structure captures the active signaling state of HRSL. Based on these results, we put forward a GCN2 regulation mechanism, where HRSL drives the formation of activated kinase dimers. The remaining domains of GCN2 have the opposite role and in the absence of stress they help keep GCN2 basally inactive. This auto-inhibitory activity is relieved upon stress ligand binding. We propose that the opposing action of HRSL and additional GCN2 domains thus yields a regulated ISR receptor.
The Open Body Closed: A Rationale for the Abandonment of Bloodletting, Based on Nineteenth-Century Swedish Medicine
Authors: Drakman Annelie 
Published: November 2024

Summary
This article contains an analysis of the use and abandonment of bloodletting in Sweden 1820–1900. Close readings of over 8,000 yearly reports by Swedish provincial doctors and popular medical handbooks, journals and notes from medical societies have been used, as well as key word searches meant to illustrate overarching tendencies. One result is that quantitative balance between humours was not an aim of therapeutic bleeding in this context. Rather, bloodletting was mainly used to reinstate regular flows in a hydraulic model of the body. It is argued that a shift from focusing on smooth flows to seeing bleeding as blood loss marked a transformation of the medical imagination from working with an ‘open’, malleable body to a ‘closed’, fixed body. This helps explain why therapeutic bleeding, for millennia the most important practice in medical practitioners’ arsenal, was silently abandoned decades before the breakthrough of bacteriology and scientific medicine.
Roles of Cep215/Cdk5rap2 in establishing testicular architecture for mouse male germ cell development
Authors: Kang Donghee , Shin Byungho , Kim Gyeong‐Nam , Hea Ji Hwa , Sung Young Hoon , Rhee Kunsoo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCep215/Cdk5rap2 is a centrosome protein crucial for directing microtubule organization during cell division and morphology. Cep215 is a causal gene of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly type 3, characterized by a small brain size and a thin cerebral cortex. Despite previous attempts with Cep215 knockout (KO) mice to elucidate its developmental roles, interpreting their phenotypes remained challenging due to potential interference from alternative variants. Here, we generated KO mice completely lacking the Cep215 gene and investigated its specific contributions to male germ cell development. In the absence of Cep215, testis size decreased significantly, accompanied by a reduction in male germ cell numbers. Histological analyses unveiled the arrested development of male germ cells around the zygotene stage of meiosis. Concurrently, the formation of the blood‐testis barrier (BTB) was impaired in Cep215 KO testes. These findings suggest that BTB failure contributes, at least partially, to male germ cell defects observed in Cep215 KO mice. We propose that the deletion of Cep215 may disrupt microtubule organization in Sertoli cells with a delay in spermatogonial stem cell mitosis, thereby impeding proper BTB formation.
Treatment-resistant depression
Authors: McBroom Leesa A. , Timmons Melissa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
In 2023, the percentage of people in the US who experienced depression in their lifetime was at an all-time high of 29%. Depression causes considerable distress and functional impairment affecting quality of life, employment, and interpersonal relationships. Many patients fail to respond to treatment with antidepressants and psychological-behavioral therapy, resulting in a condition known as treatment-resistant depression (TRD). TRD contributes to negative outcomes for patients and increased costs to the healthcare system. Recognizing TRD and understanding TRD interventions are important aspects of practice for clinicians in treating this patient population. This article reviews current and emerging TRD treatments, including electroconvulsive therapy, ketamine, esketamine, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, to inform NP practice.