bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric verification of IMPT using a commercial heterogeneous phantom
Authors: Yasui Keisuke , Toshito Toshiyuki , Omachi Chihiro , Hayashi Kensuke , Kinou Hideto , Katsurada Masaki , Hayashi Naoki , Ogino Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to propose a verification method and results of intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT), using a commercially available heterogeneous phantom. We used a simple simulated head and neck and prostate phantom. An ionization chamber and radiochromic film were used for measurements of absolute dose and relative dose distribution. The measured doses were compared with calculated doses using a treatment planning system. We defined the uncertainty of the measurement point of the ionization chamber due to the effective point of the chamber and mechanical setup error as 2 mm and estimated the dose variation base on a 2 mm error. We prepared a HU‐relative stopping power conversion table and fluence correction factor that were specific to the heterogeneous phantom. The fluence correction factor was determined as a function of depth and was obtained from the ratio of the doses in water and in the phantom at the same effective depths. In the simulated prostate plan, composite doses of measurements and calculations agreed within ±1.3% and the maximum local dose differences of each field were 10.0%. Composite doses in the simulated head and neck plan agreed within 4.0% and the maximum local dose difference for each field was 12.0%. The dose difference for each field came within 2% when taking the measurement uncertainty into consideration. In the composite plan, the maximum dose uncertainty was estimated as 4.0% in the simulated prostate plan and 5.8% in the simulated head and neck plan. Film measurements showed good agreement, with more than 92.5% of points passing a gamma value (3%/3 mm). From these results, the heterogeneous phantom should be useful for verification of IMPT by using a phantom‐specific HU‐relative stopping power conversion, fluence correction factor, and dose error estimation due to the effective point of the chamber.
Romantic relationships and fading of affect for memories of the shared past
Authors: Zengel Bettina , Lee Ellen M. , Walker W. Richard , Skowronski John J. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe tendency for the affect associated with positive autobiographical events to fade less over time than the affect associated with negative autobiographical events (the fading affect bias, FAB) has been observed in a variety of contexts, but numerous mediators have been reported. This current study searches for the FAB, and for potential moderators of the FAB, in the context of romantic relationship memories. Both nonsexual types of memories and sexual types of memories showed the FAB. Moreover, the FAB emerged for memories of current relationships, but not for memories of past failed relationships. The FAB also emerged for securely attached individuals, but not for individuals exhibiting other attachment styles. In addition, the FAB was moderated by relationship quality, (for failed relationships) need to belong, sexual esteem, and sexual depression. Implications of these findings both for memory and for relationships are discussed.
Controlling Ambipolar Charge Transport in Isoindigo‐Based Conjugated Polymers by Altering Fluorine Substitution Position for High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Kim Minjun , Park Won‐Tae , Park Sang Ah , Park Cheol Woong , Ryu Seung Un , Lee Dae Hwan , Noh Yong‐Young , Park Taiho 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA molecular design strategy to achieve highly balanced ambipolar charge transport for donor–acceptor (D–A) isoindigo (IIG)‐based copolymer through systematic selection of fluorination positions is reported. To study fluorine substitution site effects on electronic and structural properties, two fluorinated IIG‐based copolymers (PIIG‐iFT2 and PIIG‐oFT2) are synthesized, which contain two fluorine atoms at the bithiophene (T2) inner and outer site and compare them with a nonfluorinated copolymer of IIG and T2 (PIIG‐T2) as the reference polymer. Fluorination at the outer site of T2 in PIIG‐oFT2 polymer effectively lowers molecular energy levels and increases molecular planarity more than fluorination at the T2 inner site. PIIG‐oFT2 organic field‐effect transistors show highly balanced ambipolar mobility, hole mobility (μh)/electron mobility (μe) = 1 by increasing electron mobility, whereas PIIG‐T2 (μh/μe = 9.0) and PIIG‐iFT2 (μh/μe = 2.4) exhibit unbalanced ambipolar transport. The ambipolar complementary‐like inverter is also demonstrated by simple one‐time coating of PIIG‐oFT2 with gain = 21.
A Crosslinked Polytetrahydrofuran‐Borate‐Based Polymer Electrolyte Enabling Wide‐Working‐Temperature‐Range Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Du Aobing , Zhang Huanrui , Zhang Zhonghua , Zhao Jingwen , Cui Zili , Zhao Yimin , Dong Shanmu , Wang Longlong , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA polymer‐based magnesium (Mg) electrolyte is vital for boosting the development of high‐safety and flexible Mg batteries by virtue of its enormous advantages, such as significantly improved safety, potentially high energy density, ease of fabrication, and structural flexibility. Herein, a novel polytetrahydrofuran‐borate‐based gel polymer electrolyte coupling with glass fiber is synthesized via an in situ crosslinking reaction of magnesium borohydride [Mg(BH4)2] and hydroxyl‐terminated polytetrahydrofuran. This gel polymer electrolyte exhibits reversible Mg plating/stripping performance, high Mg‐ion conductivity, and remarkable Mg‐ion transfer number. The Mo6S8/Mg batteries assembled with this gel polymer electrolyte not only work well at wide temperature range (−20 to 60 °C) but also display unprecedented improvements in safety issues without suffering from internal short‐circuit failure even after a cutting test. This in situ crosslinking approach toward exploiting the Mg‐polymer electrolyte provides a promising strategy for achieving large‐scale application of Mg‐metal batteries.
A longitudinal study of work‐related psychosocial factors and injuries: Implications for the aging United States workforce
Authors: Baidwan Navneet K. , Gerberich Susan G. , Kim Hyun , Ryan Andrew , Church Timothy , Capistrant Beatrix 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThis study aimed to identify psychosocial work factors that may individually or, in combination, influence injury outcomes among aging United States (U.S.) workers.MethodsData from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) of 3305 working adults, aged 50 years and above, were used to identify associations between work‐related psychosocial factors and injury incidence from 2006 to 2014, using adjusted incidence rate ratios.ResultsEmployees perceiving their work as high in psychological and physical demands/efforts, low in support, and rewards, compared to those in workplaces with low demands, high support, and high rewards, had a risk of injury two times greater. Males, compared with females, had a greater risk for injuries when interactions among several psychosocial work‐related factors were modeled.ConclusionsThe fact that important gender‐based differences emerged when interactions among the psychosocial factors and injury were modeled, suggests opportunities for further research and potential interventions to enhance the working environment.
Poly(lactic acid)–thermoplastic starch–cotton composites: Starch‐compatibilizing effects and composite biodegradability
Authors: de Macedo José Ricardo Nunes , dos Santos Demétrio Jackson , dos Santos Rosa Derval 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable, brittle, and high‐cost polymer, which can be applied over structural components and green packaging. In this study, we reinforced PLA with natural cotton (10 wt %) and thermoplastic starch (TPS; 3 wt %) to obtain a biodegradable and lower cost composite. TPS was incorporated in three distinct ways: it was blended, coated, and blended and coated. In this study, we investigated the compatibilization of TPS in the improvement of matrix‐reinforcement adhesion and increase in the tensile behavior without a compromise in biodegradation. The samples were investigated with thermal analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and hydrolytic degradation. The results show that the coupling effect was more pronounced in the PLATPS–cottonTPS(hybrid system with PLA and cotton) hybrid system. This formulation presented a higher glass‐transition temperature, thermal stability, storage modulus, wettability, and ductility. The TPS addition improved the adhesion between the matrix and starched cotton fiber and retarded abiotic biodegradation. These properties will allow for green applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47490.
Nafion membranes with a sulfonated organic additive for the use in vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Lee Yona , Kim Sangwon , Hempelmann Rolf , Jang Jong Hyun , Kim Hyoung‐Juhn , Han Jonghee , Kim Jihyun , Henkensmeier Dirk 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTSulfonated copper phthalocyanine (CuPCSA) was embedded into Nafion membranes in ratios of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt %. The absence of CuPCSA related peaks in WAXS patterns indicated that CuPCSA did not form crystalline phases during membrane formation. Tensile strength and Young's modulus were highest in the range of 2.5–5 wt % CuPCSA. As demonstrated for Nafion 212, the weight gain and swelling in water‐based solutions decreases when the sulfuric acid concentration increases from 0 to 2 M. In 2 M sulfuric acid, addition of CuPCSA increases the weight gain. In contact with VO2+, blue CuPCSA is oxidatively hydrolyzed to form colorless sulfonated phthalimide. XPS analysis showed that (1) this reaction is quantitative and (2) that the sulfonated phthalimide does not leach out from the membrane during operation in the flow battery. The coulomb efficiency increases with the amount of phthalimide. This affects the energy efficiency so strongly, that it follows the same trend as the coulomb efficiency. During cycling, the cell with Nafion/7.5 wt % filler showed the highest discharge capacity and the lowest difference between charge and discharge capacity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47547.
Carbon nanotubes array reinforced shape‐memory epoxy with fast responses to low‐power microwaves
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Wei , Liu Xiaopei , Zhang Chi , Zhou Hang , Song Shuwen 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, epoxy shape‐memory polymer (ESMP) was infiltrated into the scaffolds of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) array grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In the fabricated CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite, the CNTs interconnected with each other and a three‐dimensional (3D) network of the CNTs was formed. As a result, both thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite were higher than the random CNTs/ESMP composite fabricated by conventional high‐speed mechanical stirring. In the random CNTs/ESMP composite, the CNTs aggregated seriously in the matrix. Along the CNTs axis, The CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite showed a higher modulus and hardness than the random CNTs/ESMP composite, as revealed by nanoindentation tests. Under microwave radiation, the temperature of the CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite increased more rapidly than pristine ESMP and the random CNTs/ESMP composite. Consequently, the CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite showed a faster shape recovery speed compared with pristine ESMP and the random CNTs/ESMP composite in their microwave‐triggered shape memory behaviors. Especially, the CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite can recover the deformation fully in response to as low as 60 W microwaves. The presented CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite with improved mechanical property and fast responses to low‐power microwaves may find potential applications in smart devices. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47563.
Fabrication of NiC/MoC/NiMoO4 Heterostructured Nanorod Arrays as Stable Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Geng Shuo , Yang Weiwei , Yu Yongsheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDeveloping noble‐metal‐free, earth‐abundant, highly active, and stable electrocatalysts with high efficiency for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions is of great importance for the development of overall water‐splitting devices, but still remains a challenging issue. Herein, a 3D heterostructured NiC/MoC/NiMoO4 electrocatalyst was prepared through a facile synthetic procedure. The electrocatalyst shows a superior catalytic activity and stability toward the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. The optimized NiC/MoC/NiMoO4 catalyst presents low overpotentials of 68 and 280 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, respectively. Assembled as an electrolyzer for overall water splitting, such a heterostructure shows quite a low cell voltage of 1.52 V at 10 mA cm−2 and remarkable stability for more than 20 h. This work provides a facile but efficient approach for the design and preparation of highly efficient bifunctional and self‐supported heterostructured electrocatalysts that can serve as promising candidates in electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
Frost‐Tausalz‐Angriff auf Beton
Authors: Müller Matthias , Ludwig Horst‐Michael , Ehrhardt Dirk 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWiederholte Frost‐Tau‐Wechsel können in Zusammenhang mit der Einwirkung von Feuchtigkeit und Tausalzen eine Schädigung der Betonoberfläche durch Abwitterungen verursachen. Der Frost‐Tausalz‐Widerstand von Beton wird momentan vorwiegend über deskriptive Ansätze gewährleistet, also indirekt über Vorgaben zur Betonzusammensetzung und Nachbehandlung. Infolge des stetigen Wandels von Baustoffen und Bauweisen und dem damit verbundenen Verlust des Erfahrungshintergrunds wird mittelfristig das Performancekonzept auf der Basis genormter Prüfverfahren das deskriptive Konzept ablösen. Es ist zu erwarten, dass darüber hinaus auch für den Bereich des Frost‐Tausalz‐Angriffes probabilistische Modelle für eine Lebensdauerbemessung notwendig werden. Unverzichtbare Basis dafür ist ein tiefergreifendes Verständnis für den zugrunde liegenden Schadensmechanismus.Obwohl der Frost‐Tausalz‐Angriff auf Beton seit vielen Jahrzehnten wichtiger Gegenstand der Forschung zur Betondauerhaftigkeit ist und eine Vielzahl von Schadensmodellen dazu entwickelt wurde, konnte eine widerspruchsfreie Beschreibung des Angriffes bisher nicht gegeben werden. In der jüngeren Vergangenheit wurden neue Schadenstheorien aufgestellt, die für sich in Anspruch nehmen, den Frost‐Tausalz‐Angriff umfassend abzubilden. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags erfolgt eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit diesen neuartigen, aber auch mit den „historischen“ Modellen, um erste Grundlagen für eine Modellbildung des Frost‐Tausalz‐Angriffes zu legen.
Advancing environmental productivity: Organizational mindfulness and strategies
Authors: Umar Setiadi , Chunwe Gibson N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the importance of mindfulness‐based organization systems and policies on the organization's continuous efforts to become a greener company. The study is devised as a pooled cross‐sectional time series analysis of productivity in energy consumption, water utilization, and waste generation and recycling of U.S. companies. The data set taken from U.S. Newsweek 500 recorded 600 companies dispersed into 63 industries during the period of 2012–2014 and provided 1,498 company–industry–year observations. The study found that systems and policies (e.g., deployment of third‐party auditors for its environmental metrics report; linkage of the remuneration of company's senior executive team with the achievement of environmental performance targets; and establishment of a committee at the Board of Directors' level whose mandate includes sustainability of the company in environment‐ and resource‐related matters) connect the company's mindfulness to its effort in improving the environmental quality through the company's productivity in energy consumption, water utilization, and waste generation and recycling. The relationships are positive and significant. Also, systems and policies serve as a motivator for the firm to continue to improve upon the current achievements. The study emphasizes the importance of translating organizational and individual mindfulness into organization policies and systems in order to motivate the organization to continuously improve its productivity in energy consumption, water utilization, and waste generation and recycling leading to improvements in environmental quality.
Improved survival outcomes and restoration of graft‐vs‐leukemia effect by deferasirox after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cho Byung‐Sik , Jeon Young‐Woo , Hahn A‐Reum , Lee Tai‐Hyang , Park Sung‐Soo , Yoon Jae‐Ho , Lee Sung‐Eun , Eom Ki‐Seong , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Lee Seok , Min Chang‐Ki , Cho Seok‐Goo , Lee Jong‐Wook , Min Woo‐Sung , Kim Hee‐Je 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDeferasirox is an oral iron‐chelating agent having possible antileukemia and immune modulatory effects. Few reports have evaluated deferasirox in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). We investigated the impact of deferasirox after allo‐HSCT in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Of 326 consecutive patients undergoing allo‐HSCT in remission, analysis of 198 patients not receiving deferasirox revealed the negative prognostic effect of hyperferritinemia (≥1000 ng/mL) before and after allo‐HSCT on survival mainly due to increase in relapse. Of 276 patients with hyperferritinemia at 1 month after allo‐HSCT, 128 patients (46%) received deferasirox. Deferasirox induced a faster decline in serum ferritin level with a manageable safety profile, which significantly reduced relapse rather than nonrelapse mortality, resulting in better survival compared to patients not receiving deferasirox. Of note, the deferasirox group had a significantly higher incidence of chronic graft‐vs‐host disease, indicating improved graft‐vs‐leukemia (GVL) effects evidenced by the presence of suppressed regulatory T cells and sustained higher proportion of NK cells in peripheral blood. This study firstly demonstrates the improved survival and restoration of GVL effects of patients with AML by deferasirox, which also clarifies the detrimental effect of hyperferritinemia through after allo‐HSCT.
Minimizing Real Driving Emissions of Heavy‐Duty Vehicles – Exhaust Systems and Legislation
Authors: von Pyschow Christian , Geißelmann Andreas , Beidl Christian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite of generally improving air quality, many European urban areas fail to comply with current immission rules. Therefore, in the automotive sector including commercial vehicles tighter limits and test procedures for real driving emissions are in discussion or have already been adopted. For the commercial vehicle sector corresponding regulations are discussed as well as challenges and measures to meet the upcoming more stringent requirements.
Primary adrenal Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Haykal Tarek , Zayed Yazan 
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical MessageA 75‐year‐old man with a left adrenal mass found on CT scan showed Hodgkin disease on biopsy. Bone marrow biopsy was normal. This is the fourth case in the literature of primary adrenal Hodgkin lymphoma. Multiple chemotherapy lines were given, and the patient years later are alive and in progression of disease.
The different dissipation behavior of chiral pesticide paclobutrazol in the brine during Chinese cabbage pickling process
Authors: Zhao Yue , Ouyang Meinan , Xiong Yabing , Wang Dandan , Guo Haoming , Yang Zhonghua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPaclobutrazol (PBZ) is a kind of chiral pesticide, which is a plant growth regulator and has fungicidal activity. Because of the steric‐hindrance effect, there are two enantiomers (2S, 3S; 2R, 3R) in the production. This research studied on the dissipation behavior of chiral pesticide PBZ in the brine during the Chinese cabbage pickled process by phase column‐high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The result demonstrated the PBZ enantiomers had the different dissipation in the brine. The study on the behavior of chiral pesticide PBZ in food may provide more sufficient data and information for understanding the potential risk in food and evaluating the environmental pollution at the enantiomer level.
Wenn Leichen auf Gerichtsmediziner treffen
Authors: Theofel Nadine , Roscher Sonja , Scholtis Stefan , Tsokos Michael 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Gerichtsmedizin ist ein sehr vielfältiges Feld und setzt sich überwiegend mit Fällen auseinander, bei denen die Betroffenen laut Aussagen der Staatsanwaltschaft an einer unklaren Todesursache verstorben sind. Im Rahmen dieser hoheitlichen Aufgabe kommt der Forensischen Toxikologie eine besondere Rolle zu. Sie untersucht mithilfe von Instrumenteller Analytik, ob eine toxikologische Beeinflussung vor Eintritt des Todes vorlag. Dabei spielt es keine Rolle, welche Matrix untersucht wird. In den meisten Fällen wird die Vergiftung aufgespürt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden zwei Fälle vorgestellt, die unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen innerhalb der Forensischen Toxikologie verdeutlichen. So wurde im ersten Fall vor Todeseintritt eine Überdosis an MDMA konsumiert, während im zweiten Fall eine unter Drogen stehende Handlung mit dem Überleben nicht mehr vereinbar war.
Chloride‐Induced Highly Active Au Catalyst for Methyl Esterification of Alcohols
Authors: Zhang Chengming , Wang Yongzhao 
Published: January 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionChloride is generally regarded as a harmful species for the heterogeneous catalysts, especially Au catalysts. In this work, a series of active Au/NiOx catalysts were successfully prepared with co‐precipitation method by tracking the concentrations of chloride in the re‐dispersed aqueous solutions. For methyl esterification of alcohols, the highest active Au/NiOx catalysts could be prepared from aqueous solutions containing 8‐13 ppm chloride, the yield of methyl benzoate of catalyst Au/NiOx‐9 was 99%. The catalyst structures and the role of chloride in catalysts were explored by ICP, BET, XPS, TEM and EXAFS characterizations. It was found that the appropriate amount of residual chloride in Au catalysts was beneficial to their catalytic activities. Especially for Au/NiOx‐9, the appropriate amount of residual chloride had positive effects on the physicochemical properties of Au/NiOx catalyst, the position of Au nanoparticles (NPs) located on NiOx crystallites and the ratio of Auδ+/Au0 in catalyst, which together resulted in its high reactivity.
A hierarchical point process with application to storm cell modelling
Authors: Albert‐Green Alisha , Braun W. John , Dean Charmaine B. , Miller Craig 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn environmetrics, interest often centres around the development of models and methods for making inference on observed point patterns assumed to be generated by latent spatial or spatio‐temporal processes, which may have a hierarchical structure. In this research, motivated by the analysis of spatio‐temporal storm cell data, we generalize the Neyman–Scott parent–child process to account for hierarchical clustering. This is accomplished by allowing the parents to follow a log‐Gaussian Cox process thereby incorporating correlation and facilitating inference at all levels of the hierarchy. This approach is applied to monthly storm cell data from the Bismarck, North Dakota radar station from April through August 2003 and we compare these results to simpler cluster processes to demonstrate the advantages of accounting for both levels of correlation present in these hierarchically clustered point patterns.The Canadian Journal of Statistics47: 46–64; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada