bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological filtering in scrub fragments restructures the taxonomic and functional composition of native bee assemblages
Authors: Hung Keng‐Lou James , Ascher John S. , Davids Jessica A. , Holway David A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPredicting the long‐term consequences of habitat alteration for the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem function requires an understanding of how ecological filters drive taxonomic and functional biodiversity loss. Here, we test a set of predictions concerning the role of ecological filters in restructuring native bee assemblages inhabiting fragmented coastal sage scrub ecosystems in southern California, USA. In 2011 and 2012, we collected native bees in scrub habitat belonging to two treatment categories: large natural reserves and small habitat fragments embedded in an urban landscape. We compared bee assemblages in reserve and fragment sites with respect to their taxonomic and functional alpha diversity, beta diversity, assemblage composition, and mean geographical range size estimated via distribution maps compiled for this study from digitized specimen records. We found multiple lines of evidence that ecological filtering drove bee diversity loss in fragments: a disproportionate loss of functional diversity relative to taxonomic diversity, shifts in assemblage composition driven largely by the preferential extirpation of reserve‐associated indicator species, and disproportionate loss of range‐restricted species. However, we found no evidence of taxonomic or functional homogenization across fragment bee assemblages, suggesting that filtering was not sufficiently strong to cause a subset of functional traits (and their associated species) to dominate assemblages in fragments. Our results suggest that ecological filtering altered bee assemblages in habitat fragments, even when such fragments contained well‐preserved native plant assemblages, underscoring the importance of preserving large areas of natural habitat for the conservation of bees (especially range‐restricted taxa) and their associated ecological functions.
Telling tales from the tails: High‐dimensional tail interdependence
Authors: Polanski Arnold , Stoja Evarist , Windmeijer Frank 
Published: April 2019

SummaryWe propose a simple and flexible framework that allows for a comprehensive analysis of tail interdependence in high dimensions. We use co‐exceedances to capture the structure of the dependence in the tails and, relying on the concept of multi‐information, define the coefficient of tail interdependence. Within this framework, we develop statistical tests of (i) independence in the tails, (ii) goodness‐of‐fit of the tail interdependence structure of a hypothesized model with the one observed in the data, and (iii) dependence symmetry between any two tails. We present an analysis of tail interdependence among 250 constituents of the S&P 250 index.
Differential effects of antiepileptic drugs on human bone cells
Authors: Rocha Sara , Ferraz Ricardo , Prudêncio Cristina , Fernandes Maria Helena , Costa‐Rodrigues João 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAntiepileptic drugs (AED) have been associated to in vivo deleterious consequences in bone tissue. The present work aimed to characterize the cellular and molecular effects of five different AED on human osteoclastogenesis and osteblastogenesis. It was observed that the different drugs had the ability to differentially modulate both processes, in a way dependent on the identity and dose of the AED. Shortly, valproic acid stimulated either osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, whereas carbamazepine, gabapentin, and lamotrigine revealed an opposite behavior; topiramate elicited a decrease of osteoclast development and an increase in osteoblast differentiation. This is the first report describing the direct effects of different AED on human primary bone cells, which is a very important issue, because these drugs are usually consumed in long‐term therapeutics, with acknowledged in vivo effects in bone tissue.
Prosurvival roles mediated by the PERK signaling pathway effectively prevent excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced skeletal muscle loss during high‐stress conditions of hibernation
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wei Yanhong , Qu Ting , Wang Zhe , Xu Shenhui , Peng Xin , Yan Xia , Chang Hui , Wang Huiping , Gao Yunfang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStress conditions like hypoxia, ischemia, and ischemia/reperfusion can trigger excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), which can lead to cell apoptosis‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy in non‐hibernators. However, although hibernators experience multiple stress conditions during hibernation, their skeletal muscles appear to be well protected. We hypothesize that hibernators effectively avoid cell apoptosis, at least partially, by controlling ERS level. Here, we focused on the potential occurrence of ERS and how hibernators cope with it during different hibernation states. Results indicated that the protein expression levels of glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated PKR‐like ER protein kinase, phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p‐eIF2α), and activating transcription factor 4 were significantly increased during hibernation, but primarily recovered in posthibernation. In the torpor‐arousal cycle, the expression levels of the above indicators were lower during inter‐bout arousal (IBA) than that during late torpor (LT). However, there was no change in C/EBP homologous protein expression and no apoptosis in skeletal muscles during the different hibernation states. In conclusion, the upregulation of p‐eIF2α and GRP78 were identified as two crucial mechanisms mediated by the PERK signaling pathway to alleviate elevated ERS. The downregulation of ERS during IBA may be a unique countermeasure for hibernating squirrels to prevent excessive ERS. Thus, these special anti‐excessive ERS abilities of ground squirrels contribute to the prevention of skeletal muscle cell apoptosis during hibernation.
Thermodynamic properties of gaseous cerium phosphate studied by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry
Authors: Lopatin Sergey I. , Shugurov Sergey M. , Panin Andrej I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGaseous CePO2 has been identified by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry during vaporization of CeO2 and magnesium diphosphate from tungsten double, two‐temperature effusion cell. Structure and molecular parameters of gaseous cerium phosphate under study were determined using quantum chemical calculations. On the basis of equilibrium constants measured for gas‐phase reaction, standard formation enthalpy of CePO2 was determined to be −508 ± 41 kJ ⋅ mol−1 at the temperature 298 K.
Invariance of the Construct of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Contractor Ateka A. , Caldas Stephanie V. , Dolan Megan , Natesan Prathiba , Weiss Nicole H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review of studies that have evaluated invariance of the construct of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to summarize their conclusions related to invariance/noninvariance and sources of noninvariance. In November 2017, we searched Pubmed, PSYCINFO, PILOTS Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline, and Psychological and Behavioral Science Collection for abstracts and articles with these inclusionary criteria: peer‐reviewed, including DSM‐IV or DSM‐5 PTSD invariance as a main study aim, use of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses, and use of an independent PTSD instrument or module. In total, 45 articles out of 1,169 initially identified abstracts met inclusion criteria. Research assistants then followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to complete a secondary search and independently extract data. Results indicated that DSM‐IV dysphoric arousal and DSM‐5 hybrid model factors demonstrated the most stability; sources of instability were some intrusion (distress to trauma cues), dysphoria/numbing (traumatic amnesia, foreshortened future, emotional numbness, detachment), and arousal (hypervigilance) items. The PTSD Checklist and PTSD Reaction Index were most often used to assess PTSD in studies investigating its invariance; however, these measures demonstrated partial conceptual equivalence of PTSD across subgroups. Instead, clinician‐administered measures demonstrated more conceptual equivalence across subgroups. Age, gender, cultural/linguistic factors, and sample diversity had the least moderating effect on PTSD's symptom structure. Our review demonstrates the need to examine invariance of the PTSD construct following recommended guidelines for each empirical and clinical trial study to draw meaningful multigroup comparative conclusions.
Implantable Nanotube Sensor Platform for Rapid Analyte Detection
Authors: Hofferber Eric Michael , Stapleton Joseph Anthony , Adams Janelle , Kuss Mitchell , Duan Bin , Iverson Nicole Marie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe use of nanoparticles within living systems is a growing field, but the long‐term effects of introducing nanoparticles to a biological system are unknown. If nanoparticles remain localized after in vivo implantation unanticipated side effects due to unknown biodistribution can be avoided. Unfortunately, stabilization and retention of nanoparticles frequently alters their function.[1] In this work multiple hydrogel platforms are developed to look at long‐term localization of nanoparticle sensors with the goal of developing a sensor platform that will stabilize and localize the nanoparticles without altering their function. Two different hydrogel platforms are presented, one with a liquid core of sensors and another with sensors decorating the hydrogel's exterior, that are capable of localizing the nanoparticles without inhibiting their function. With the use of these new hydrogel platforms nanoparticle sensors can be easily implanted in vivo and utilized without concerns of nanoparticle impact on the animal.
Particle Mold Synthesis of Block Copolymer Janus Nanomaterials
Authors: Zhang Yang , Jia Fan , Tang Lin , Zhou Peng , Jiang Bingyin , Liang Fuxin , Yang Zhenzhong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA particle mold synthesis of 2D Janus nanomaterials is proposed by crosslinking of copolymer self‐assembled monolayers confined within the mold domains. Onto the silica (SiO2) particle surface, mold domains with functional groups such as imidazole are generated. The model copolymer of polyacrylic acid‐block‐polystyrene (PAA‐b‐PS) can be preferentially absorbed onto the domains via electrostatic interactions, forming a self‐assembled monolayer. In a cosolvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), the crosslinking occurs within the whole of the PAA side. A Janus disc is thus achieved after detachment from the particle upon breaking the specific interaction. In a poor solvent, the crosslinking slowly occurs from the periphery, giving Janus nanorings. The rings evolve into discs with further crosslinking. The mold particles can be recycled to synthesize the same 2D Janus materials.
Evaluation of the shearing strength ratio for bolts with defined strength grades
Authors: Dörre M. , Glienke R. , Denkert C. , Berschneider G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDie Abschertragfähigkeit von Schrauben ist für die Bemessung von Scherverbindungen unabdingbar. Eine der elementarsten und wichtigsten Scherverbindungen stellt die Scher‐/Lochleibungsverbindung (SL‐Verbindung) dar. Diese wird vorzugsweise im Stahlbau ausgeführt, da hauptsächlich von vorwiegend ruhenden Einwirkungen ohne Lastumkehr ausgegangen wird. Ein Vorspannen von Stahlbauverbindungen ist in über 90 % der Fälle aus rechnerischen Gründen nicht notwendig [1]. Im Luftfahrzeugbau sind Scher‐/Lochleibungspassverbindungen (SLP) hingegen sehr verbreitet. Durch die Verwendung von Aluminiumwerkstoffen mit geringen Bauteildicken scheiden reibschlüssige Verbindungen für den Einsatz in Luftfahrzeugen aus und der aufgrund von Schwingbelastung (mit Lastumkehr) eintretende Schlupf wird durch die engen Toleranzen der Passverbindung minimiert. Im Schienenfahrzeugbau werden Scher‐/Lochleibungsverbindungen vornehmlich Risikoklasse G (gering) in Verbindung mit DIN 25201‐7 eingesetzt [2]. Im Maschinen‐ und Anlagenbau ist die Scher‐/Lochleibungsverbindung zwar nicht gebräuchlich, trotzdem besteht die Forderung, dass reibschlüssige Verbindungen bei einer Überlast gegen eine Scher‐Lochleibungsbeanspruchung ausgelegt sind [3]. Neben der Sicherungswirkung einer vorgespannten Verbindung bestimmt vor allem die Abschertragfähigkeit des Schraubenbolzens die Tragwirkung der Scher‐/Lochleibungsverbindung. Im Zuge früherer Untersuchungen zur Abschertragfähigkeit bzw. zur Ermittlung des Scherfestigkeitsverhältnisses sind Diskrepanzen sowohl für die Versuchsdurchführung als auch für die Bemessung nach den verschiedenen Regelwerken festzustellen. Hierzu haben die Verfasser des vorliegenden Beitrages über 500 eigene Scherversuche an Schrauben im Nenndurchmesserbereich M8 bis M20 der FK 4.6 bis 10.9 zur Ermittlung des Scherfestigkeitsverhältnisses durchgeführt. Im Fokus standen hierbei die Einflüsse aus der ein‐ und zweischnittigen Versuchsanordnung sowie eine geeignete Methode zur statistischen Auswertung der Versuchsergebnisse. Abschließend wurden aus den Versuchsergebnissen Empfehlungen für die zukünftige Bemessung von Scherverbindungen abgeleitet.
Comparison of Abdominal Obesity and Fatty Liver and Their Association with Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults
Authors: Jiang Boren , Chen Yingchao , Zhou Kun , Zheng Yanjun , Chen Yi , Li Qin , Zhu Chunfang , Xia Fangzhen , Gu Ting , Guo Yuyu , Lu Yingli 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the similarities and differences between nonalcoholic fatty liver (FL) disease (NAFLD) and abdominal obesity in their association with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS).MethodsThe Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT‐China) is a population‐based survey of Chinese adults. A total of 9,685 participants (median age, 53 years; interquartile range, 44‐63) were grouped into four categories by waist circumference (WC) and NAFLD status: NWC/FL(−), NWC/FL(+), HWC/FL(−), and HWC/FL(+) [FL(−), without NAFLD; FL(+), with NAFLD; HWC, higher WC; NWC, normal WC]. Logistic regression models were used to obtain the odds ratios as estimates of the associations between different categories and MetS.ResultsMale participants with HWC/FL(−) had higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance scores than subjects with NWC/FL(+), but female subjects showed the opposite results. Compared with NWC/FL(+), HWC was associated with an increased likelihood of blood pressure disorder and a decreased likelihood of triglyceride and blood glucose disorders in men, but in women, HWC was associated with only a lower likelihood of triglyceride disorder. Despite these differences, patients with NWC/FL(+) and HWC/FL(−) had almost equally serious degrees of metabolic disorders (MetS z score).ConclusionsThere are significant differences between sexes regarding the association between NAFLD and abdominal obesity status and MetS components.
Blatant Dehumanization of People with Obesity
Authors: Kersbergen Inge , Robinson Eric 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveStigmatization of obesity is common, but whether this stigma extends to people with obesity also being considered less human than individuals without obesity has not been examined. This study investigated whether people with obesity are blatantly dehumanized (i.e., explicitly considered to be less human and more animallike) and whether this predicts obesity discrimination.MethodsIn four online studies (total N = 1,506) with American, British, and Indian participants, evidence for blatant dehumanization of people with obesity was examined. Whether blatant dehumanization of people with obesity was moderated by BMI and to what extent blatant dehumanization predicted support for weight discrimination were also investigated.ResultsIn all studies, participants believed that people with obesity were less evolved and less human than people without obesity. Although blatant dehumanization of people with obesity was most pronounced among thinner participants, the belief that people with obesity were less human was also observed among participants with class I obesity. Finally, dehumanization was predictive of support for policies that discriminate against people living with obesity.ConclusionsThis study provides the first evidence that people with obesity are blatantly dehumanized. This tendency to consider people with obesity as less human reveals the level of obesity stigma and may facilitate and/or justify weight discrimination.
The formation of ultrafine polyamide 6 nanofiber membranes with needleless electrospinning for air filtration
Authors: Yan Shaole , Yu Yuxi , Ma Rui , Fang Jiyu 
Published: April 2019

Particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollutant, which has a significant impact on public health. Filtration of PM through filters is a common method to protect the environment. However, the effective removal of PM with conventional filters still remains a challenge because of its small sizes. Here, we reported the formation of ultrafine polyamide 6 (PA‐6) nanofiber membranes formed with needleless electrospinning, in which both relative humidity condition and electrode type were included in the discussion. The PA‐6S nanofibers formed by using spiral electrode as a spinneret at 60% RH had the diameter of 33 nm, while the PA‐6C nanofibers formed by using cylindrical electrode had the diameter of 120 nm. With the integration of fine diameter, small pore size, and high porosity, the resultant PA‐6S nanofiber membrane exhibits high filtration efficiency of 99.42% and low pressure drop of 85.5 Pa under a face velocity of 85 L/min. Besides, it took only 10 minutes to reduce the concentration of PM2.5 from 999 to 34.1 μg/m3 when used to filter real PM particles.
Photolysis of chlorpyrifos‐methyl, chlorpyrifos‐methyl oxon, and 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol
Authors: Lobatto Virginia L. , Argüello Gustavo A. , Buján Elba I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe photodegradation of chlorpyrifos‐methyl (1), and two of its photodegradation products, chlorpyrifos‐methyl oxon (2), and 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (3) was studied using low pressure Hg lamps irradiating at 254 nm either in pure acetonitrile (ACN) or in 10% ACN/H2O. Experiments conducted in pure ACN allowed us to identify the photoproducts in the photolysis of 1, 2, and 3 both, in air saturated samples and in the absence of oxygen as analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and phosphorus‐31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR).Since 2 and 3 are products in the photodegradation of 1, their degradations in 10% ACN/H2O were independently measured, and it was determined that 1 and 2 degrade at comparable rates. Instead, 3 does not interfere in the measurement since it degrades much faster, and their products do not absorb in the region of 1.Our results indicate that short wave photolysis could become a plausible detoxification mechanism.
Influence of Side‐Chain Composition on Polythiophene Properties and Supramolecular Assembly of Anionic Polythiophene Derivatives
Authors: Wan Wang , Bedford Monte S. , Conrad Catherine A. , Yang Xiaoyan , Smith Rhett C. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTA series of 10 polythiophene derivatives is reported, in which each polymer has a different percentage of carboxylic acid‐bearing repeat units. The properties of these polymers are explored under acidic conditions, where the carboxylic acid moieties remain neutral, and under basic conditions, where the carboxylic acid units become anionic carboxylates. The properties that are examined for both solutions and films include UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and red‐edge optical band gaps. All the properties studied are strongly dependent both on protonation state and percentage of carboxylic acid/carboxylate side chains along the polymer backbone. The anionic form of each polythiophene derivative was also used in layer‐by‐layer film deposition with a cationic phosphonium polyelectrolyte. The film growth process was studied by spectroscopic techniques to assess the influence of side‐chain composition on the film growth and optical properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019
Preparation of polymer electrolyte membranes based on poly(phenylene oxide) with different side chain lengths of phosphonic acid
Authors: Min Cheong‐Min , Lee Su‐Bin , Ahn Min‐Kyoon , Jang Joseph , Lee Jae‐Suk 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTA series of poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) polymers bearing phosphonic acid groups on the methyl group and on the phenyl ring are synthesized as membrane materials for fuel cell applications. These phosphonic acid‐based PPO membranes exhibited high chemical resistance, dimensional stability, and good proton conductivity even under low humidity condition. Among the membranes, the one in which the phosphonic acid moiety is attached to the polymer main chain with CO(CH2)5 shows highest proton conductivity under overall conditions even though it has the lowest water uptake and IEC value. A well‐defined separation of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases suggests the phosphonic acid groups to form proton conduction channels via interchain hydrogen bonding. A high storage modulus of the membranes in various temperature ranges indicates that the membranes are suitable for use under a high temperature and low humidity conditions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019
Illness perceptions predict health practices and mental health following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Nelson Ashley M. , Juckett Mark B. , Coe Christopher L. , Costanzo Erin S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveBeliefs about illness have been shown to shape health practices and coping efforts. The present study investigated illness perceptions among patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). We also examined the extent to which perceptions predicted health practices and mental health following transplant.MethodsParticipants (N = 332) completed measures of illness perceptions (beliefs about cancer consequences and course, personal and treatment control over cancer, and understanding of one's cancer) prior to HSCT. Health practices (diet, physical activity, and alcohol use) and mental health (depression, anxiety, and psychological well‐being) were assessed pre transplant and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post transplant.ResultsOn average, HSCT recipients felt they understood their cancer, viewed their cancer to be a chronic condition with severe consequences, and believed they had moderate personal control over their cancer but that medical treatment provided more control. Perceptions varied by transplant type. Mixed‐effects linear regression models revealed that HSCT recipients who perceived the consequences of their cancer to be more serious experienced more depression and anxiety, less well‐being, and ate a healthier diet, but were less physically active during the year following transplant. Those with greater personal and treatment control ate a healthier diet and reported greater well‐being. Patients with a better understanding of their cancer also ate a healthier diet and reported less depression, less anxiety, and greater well‐being.ConclusionsPerceptions of cancer shape HSCT recipients' health practices and psychological well‐being during the critical first year of recovery after transplant.