bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting admissions for adult asthma exacerbations in North Texas
Authors: Newcomb Patricia , Li Jianling 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to provide a picture of asthma disparities and the contributions of social and environmental factors to asthma exacerbations in the north central region of Texas, where intense, rapid development is a feature of contemporary life.Design and SampleCross‐sectional analysis of data associated with 66 hospitals in the 8 counties containing and surrounding the Dallas/Fort Worth metropolitan area. Census blocks containing adult asthma patients admitted to emergency departments (ED) or inpatient units for asthma exacerbations in 2014.MeasuresData for secondary analysis were collected from the Dallas Fort Worth Hospital Council Foundation.ResultsSex, family income, education, race, age of housing, speed, and traffic density on neighborhood roads affected asthma admissions. Proximity to urban drilling sites had only a small effect on admissions in this sample. Minorities were significantly more likely to obtain services in the ED than whites.ConclusionsAttributes associated with poor and underserved patients predicted asthma exacerbations in the target region. These are vulnerable patients who can ill afford further erosion of health care insurance or additional environmental insults.
Underuse of beta‐blockers by patients with COPD and co‐morbid acute coronary syndrome: A nationwide follow‐up study in New Zealand
Authors: Parkin Lianne , Quon Joshua , Sharples Katrina , Barson David , Dummer Jack 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveClinical guidelines recommend the use of beta‐blockers and other cardiovascular prevention drugs in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Studies in several countries have found that beta‐blockers are underused in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and co‐morbid heart disease, although most have only examined use in subgroups of patients. We undertook a nationwide follow‐up study in New Zealand to describe the use of beta‐blockers and other cardiovascular prevention drugs in patients with COPD and ACS.MethodsNational health and pharmaceutical dispensing data were used to derive the study cohort, identify patients who were admitted to hospital with ACS and/or heart failure before cohort entry and during follow‐up, and ascertain drug use.ResultsThe study cohort included 83 435 patients aged ≥45 years, with 290 400 person‐years of follow‐up. Among 2637 patients with ≥1 ACS admission during follow‐up, only 56.6% received a beta‐blocker in the 6 months following the first admission, while 87.7% and 81%, respectively, received aspirin and a statin. Patients with higher COPD severity were less likely to receive a beta‐blocker than those with lower severity, as were those with no history of previous ACS and/or heart failure.ConclusionUse of beta‐blockers following an ACS admission was much lower than expected based on the findings of general audits of ACS management in New Zealand. Along with the higher proportions using aspirin and statins, and the differences in beta‐blocker dispensing by COPD severity, this suggests a particular reluctance to prescribe beta‐blockers to patients with COPD.
Crossing borders in the age of confessionalization: seventeenth‐century Italian travel writing on the North
Authors: Raunio Anu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article explores two Catholic travellers’ experiences of what they considered exotic and heretic Scandinavia. It re‐examines religious border‐crossing on the so‐called ‘reverse Grand Tour’ in Francesco Negri’s Viaggio settentrionale (1663) and Alessandro Bichi’s Viaggio in Svezia (1696), together with Bichi’s text on ars apodemica entitled Instruttione et avvertimenti necessari per far longhi viaggi tanto per mare che per terra. Analysing the role of religion and adaptation in early modern cross‐cultural encounters between the Catholic South and Protestant North, it will examine how religious differences were negotiated in the everyday encounters and practicalities of travel. The article will show how on a continent divided by deep confessional differences, information and cultural influences were still mediated, facilitated and ultimately accommodated through both personal contacts and everyday practices.
Alpine Troubles: Trajectories of De‐Consociationalisation in Austria and Switzerland Compared
Authors: Helms Ludger , Jenny Marcelo , Willumsen David M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor all their differences, both Austria and Switzerland have long been considered to represent key examples of consociational democracy. Since the 1990s, both countries have however faced major challenges to their respective consociationalist regimes. One of the shared features of regime evolution and change in Austria and Switzerland, which can be meaningfully referred to as ‘de‐consociationalisation’, concerns the successful exploitation of external shocks by powerful populist parties. Taking stock of the developments in four different areas (the electoral, the parliamentary and the executive arena as well as interest group/state relations), we identify a complex dynamic which has made the two countries more similar in some respects, but more different in others. Overall, two decades into the twenty‐first century, Austria is significantly less of a consociationalist regime than Switzerland.
Being Deceived: Information Asymmetry in Second‐Order False Belief Tasks
Authors: Braüner Torben , Blackburn Patrick , Polyanskaya Irina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe analyze four well‐known second‐order false belief tasks. Superficially, all four tasks share a common logical structure: All are based around a principle of inertia, which says that an agent's beliefs are preserved over time, unless the agent receives information to the contrary. However, a deeper analysis reveals details that are both suggestive and puzzling. First, the four tasks exemplify all four possibilities inherent in the two dimensions of being‐deceived versus not‐being‐deceived and change‐in‐world versus change‐in‐belief‐only. Second, there is a feature common to all four tasks: All come with a “built in” first‐order false belief. We call these inner first‐order false beliefs. They introduce an informational asymmetry that has the same logical form in all four tasks, but whose role is unclear. We do two things in this paper. First, we show that inner first‐order false beliefs play an important (though seemingly unremarked) role in the experimental design of the tasks. Second, we present some empirical results (for both typically developing children and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder) on the effects of being‐deceived versus not‐being‐deceived and change‐in‐world versus change‐in‐belief‐only on second‐order reasoning ability.
Preliminary evaluation of a salivary urea test strip method for use in dogs
Authors: Sanchini Lucia , Hare Cassia H. Z. , Restif Olivier , Williams Tim L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSalivary urea concentrations correlate with serum urea concentrations in dogs and humans. Salivary urea concentrations can now be determined semi‐quantitatively using a salivary urea test strip method that has been validated for use in humans.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the repeatability of the salivary urea test strip score, and the correlation between the salivary urea test strip scores and serum urea concentrations in dogs.MethodsIntra‐run and inter‐run variabilities were determined (n = 10 in triplicate). Correlations between salivary urea test strip scores and serum urea concentrations in dogs were assessed using the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Receiver operator curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the salivary urea test strip score to identify dogs with serum urea concentration >7.4 mmol/L (upper limit of laboratory RI).ResultsThe intra‐run repeatability was good (28/30 concordant results) whereas the inter‐run repeatability was moderate (23/30 concordant results). Salivary and serum urea concentrations showed a moderately positive correlation (rs = .63, n = 33; P < .0001). A salivary urea test strip score ≥4 was 57% sensitive and 96% specific for detecting a serum urea concentration >7.4 mmol/L.ConclusionsUremia can be detected using salivary urea test strips in dogs. Based on our preliminary data, salivary urea test strip scores of 1 or 2 might exclude clinically relevant uremia in most cases; however, it is recommended that the salivary urea test be repeated in dogs with a test strip score of 3. Dogs with a salivary urea test strip score of ≥4 would likely require additional investigations.
Biallelic mutations inCFAP65lead to severe asthenoteratospermia due to acrosome hypoplasia and flagellum malformations
Authors: Wang Weili , Tu Chaofeng , Nie Hongchuan , Meng Lanlan , Li Yong , Yuan Shimin , Zhang Qianjun , Du Juan , Wang Junpu , Gong Fei , Fan Liqing , Lu Guang-Xiu , Lin Ge , Tan Yue-Qiu 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe genetic causes for most male infertility due to severe asthenozoospermia remain unclear.ObjectiveOur objective was to identify unknown genetic factors in 47 patients with severe asthenozoospermia from 45 unrelated Chinese families.MethodsWe performed whole exome sequencing of 47 individuals with severe asthenozoospermia from 45 unrelated families. Mutation screening was performed in a control cohort of 637 individuals, including 219 with oligoasthenospermia, 195 with non-obstructive azoospermia and 223 fertile controls. Ultrastructural and immunostaining analyses of patients’ spermatozoa were performed to characterise the effect of variants.ResultsOne homozygous non-sense mutation (NM_194302, c.G5341T:p.E1781X), two compound heterozygous mutations (c.C2284T:p.R762X and c.1751delC:p.P584fs) and two compound heterozygous mutations (c.5714_5721del:p.L1905fs and c.C3021A:p.N1007K) were identified inCFAP65of three individuals with completely immotile spermatozoa, respectively. No biallelic deleterious variants ofCFAP65were detected in the control cohort of 637 individuals. Ultrastructural and immunostaining analyses of spermatozoa from two patients showed highly aberrant sperm morphology with severe defects such as acrosome hypoplasia, disruption of the mitochondrial sheath and absence of the central pair complex.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report thatCFAP65mutations may cause spermatozoa to be completely immotile.
Genetic factors contributing to autism spectrum disorder in Williams-Beuren syndrome
Authors: Codina-Sola Marta , Costa-Roger Mar , Pérez-García Debora , Flores Raquel , Palacios-Verdú Maria Gabriela , Cusco Ivon , Pérez-Jurado Luis Alberto 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe hallmark of the neurobehavioural phenotype of Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is increased sociability and relatively preserved language skills, often described as opposite to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the prevalence of ASD in WBS is 6–10 times higher than in the general population. We have investigated the genetic factors that could contribute to the ASD phenotype in individuals with WBS.MethodsWe studied four males and four females with WBS and a confirmed diagnosis of ASD by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. We performed a detailed molecular characterisation of the deletion and searched for genomic variants using exome sequencing.ResultsA de novo deletion of 1.55 Mb (6 cases) or 1.83 Mb (2 cases) at 7q11.23 was detected, being in 7/8 patients of paternal origin. No common breakpoint, deletion mechanism or size was found. Two cases were hemizygous for the rare T allele at rs12539160 inMLXIPL, previously associated with ASD. Inherited rare variants in ASD-related or functionally constrained genes and a de novo nonsense mutation in theUBR5gene were identified in six cases, with higher burden in females compared with males (p=0.016).ConclusionsThe increased susceptibility to ASD in patients with WBS might be due to additive effects of the common WBS deletion, inherited and de novo rare sequence variants in ASD-related genes elsewhere in the genome, with higher burden of deleterious mutations required for females, and possible hypomorphic variants in the hemizygous allele orcis-acting mechanisms on imprinting.
Exposure to crystalline silica in Canadian workplaces and the risk of kidney cancer
Authors: Peters Cheryl E , Bogaert Laura , Latifovic Lidija , Kachuri Linda , Harris Shelley A , Parent Marie-Elise , Villeneuve Paul J 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe causes of kidney cancer are not well understood though occupational exposures are thought to play a role. Crystalline silica is a known human carcinogen, and despite previous links with kidney disease, there have been few studies investigating its association with kidney cancer. We addressed this research gap using a population-based case-control study of Canadian men.MethodsQuestionnaire data were obtained from individuals with histologically confirmed kidney cancer, and population-based controls recruited from eight Canadian provinces (1994–1997). An industrial hygienist characterised participants’ lifetime occupational exposure, and their confidence in the assessment (possibly, probably or definitely exposed) to silica on three dimensions (intensity, frequency and duration), and cumulative exposure was estimated. Logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsNearly half of the 689 kidney cancer cases (49%) and 2369 controls (44%) had ever been occupationally exposed to crystalline silica. In a fully adjusted model, workers ever-exposed to silica had a slightly increased risk of kidney cancer relative to those who were unexposed (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.32). Odds were modestly (and generally not statistically significantly) increased for models with duration of exposure and cumulative exposure, though exposure-response relationships were not evident.ConclusionsOur findings do not provide evidence that occupational exposure to crystalline silica increases risk of kidney cancer in men.
The effect of electron beam on nanocrystallites size, strain and structural parameters of the silicon carbide nanopowder
Authors: Tashmetov Mannab , Abdurakhimov Bekhzodjon , Mirzayev Matlab N. , Thang To Xuan 
Published: August 2019

The effect of high-energy electron beam on the silicon carbide nanopowder’s structural parameters, strain and powder size was studied. The sample was irradiated with [Formula: see text]2-MeV electron beam energy under different fluencies such as 1.13 ⋅ 10[Formula: see text], 1.89 ⋅ 10[Formula: see text], 2.79 ⋅ 10[Formula: see text] and 3.69 ⋅ 10[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] at the linear electronic accelerator. Initial and irradiated samples at various doses have been analyzed in the XRD. The nanostructural effects within FullProf are treated using the pseudo-Voigt profile function. The dependences of maximum strain and nanocrystallite size on irradiation dose were obtained and analyzed.
High-pressure melting curves of FCC metals Ni, Pd and Pt with defects
Authors: Quang Hoc Nguyen , Dinh Cuong Tran , Duc Tinh Bui , Hong Viet Le 
Published: August 2019

The high-pressure melting curves of defective metals Ni, Pd and Pt with face-centered cubic structure have been studied up to 100 GPa by using the statistical moment method. Our melting theory is based on the absolute stability limit for crystalline state. The effects of pressure and vacancies on the melting properties of Ni, Pd and Pt have been considered. These obtained results are consistent with previous experiments and other theoretical calculations.
Accounting Research on Private Firms: State of the Art and Future Directions
Authors: Bar-Yosef Sasson , D’Augusta Carlo , Prencipe Annalisa 
Published: August 2019

Private companies play a significant role and are the main growth engine of the global economy. Yet, until recently, empirical research in accounting has focused primarily on public companies. Over the last few years, we have observed a change in trend. Accounting scholars have started researching private firms and have contributed to a better understanding of their accounting decisions. This growing attention is likely due to a better availability of public data and to the fact that several regulators issued specific regulations on private firms’ financial reporting. In this paper, we analyze the state of the art of accounting research in this area. We review 95 papers published in 21 accounting journals over the period 1986–2018. After looking into the definition of private firms, we highlight the role of the private firm status in the research design, classify each paper into four main research areas (i.e., financial accounting, taxation, auditing, and valuation) and discuss the main contributions. We argue that the current state of accounting research on private firms — although quite rich — is still insufficient in light of the relevance of such a segment of the world economy. After soliciting additional research, we devise possible venues for future studies.
Renal and segmental artery hemodynamics during whole body passive heating and cooling recovery
Authors: Chapman Christopher L. , Benati Julia M. , Johnson Blair D. , Vargas Nicole T. , Lema Penelope C. , Schlader Zachary J. 
Published: August 2019

High environmental temperatures are associated with increased risk of acute kidney injury, which may be related to reductions in renal blood flow. The susceptibility of the kidneys may be increased because of heat stress-induced changes in renal vascular resistance (RVR) to sympathetic activation. We tested the hypotheses that, compared with normothermia, increases in RVR during the cold pressor test (CPT, a sympathoexcitatory maneuver) are attenuated during passive heating and exacerbated after cooling recovery. Twenty-four healthy adults (22 ± 2 yr; 12 women, 12 men) completed CPTs at normothermic baseline, after passive heating to a rise in core temperature of ~1.2°C, and after cooling recovery when core temperature returned to ~0.2°C above normothermic baseline. Blood velocity was measured by Doppler ultrasound in the distal segment of the right renal artery (Renal, n = 24 during thermal stress, n = 12 during CPTs) or the middle portion of a segmental artery (Segmental, n = 12). RVR was calculated as mean arterial pressure divided by renal or segmental blood velocity. RVR increased at the end of CPT during normothermic baseline in both arteries (Renal: by 1.0 ± 1.0 mmHg·cm−1·s, Segmental: by 2.2 ± 1.2 mmHg·cm−1·s, P ≤ 0.03), and these increases were abolished with passive heating ( P ≥ 0.76). At the end of cooling recovery, RVR in both arteries to the CPT was restored to that of normothermic baseline ( P ≤ 0.17). These data show that increases in RVR to sympathetic activation during passive heating are attenuated and return to that of normothermic baseline after cooling recovery. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our data indicate that increases in renal vascular resistance to the cold pressor test (i.e., sympathetic activation) are attenuated during passive heating, but at the end of cooling recovery this response returns to that of normothermic baseline. Importantly, hemodynamic responses were assessed in arteries going to (renal artery) and within (segmental artery) the kidney, which has not been previously examined in the same study during thermal and/or sympathetic stressors.
Screening for Intracranial Aneurysms in Patients with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Malhotra Ajay , Seifert Kimberly , Wu Xiao , Matouk Charles , Elefteriades John A. 
Published: August 2019

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> A higher prevalence of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) has been previously reported by retrospective studies in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of IAs in a large cohort of prospectively screened patients with TAAs and identify potential risk factors. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients above 18 years with TAAs who were prospectively screened for IAs using computed tomographic angiogram/magnetic resonance angiogram over a 9-year period were included in the study. Patient demographics, comorbidities, aortic, and IA locations and sizes were analyzed. Univariate analysis was performed with the χ<sup>2</sup> test for categorical variables and the Student <i>t</i> test or ANOVA for continuous variables. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Five hundred and fifty-four patients with TAAs were prospectively screened for IAs and included in the study. Thirty-one IAs were identified in 27 patients (prevalence = 4.9%). The prevalence of IAs in patients with ascending TAAs was 4.51% and in descending TAAs was 9.09%. Twenty out of 31 IAs were 2 mm in size, 6/31 were 3 mm, and 5/31 were 4 mm in size. Hypertension was associated with an increased prevalence of IAs, especially in patients with descending TAAs. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The prevalence of IAs in patients with TAAs may not be as high as described in previous retrospective studies. Our results suggest that the prevalence of IAs in patients with TAAs is similar to the general population. Study results reveal that IAs have a higher correlation to patients with descending TAAs, although not statistically significant. Hypertension was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for IAs in patients with TAAs.
O Stock Serra da Acauã: um exemplo de granito tipo I fracionado oxidado no Domínio Rio Piranhas-Seridó, NE do Brasil
Authors: Silva Mateus De Araújo , Galindo Antonio Carlos , Souza Raquel Franco de , Cavalcante Rogério , Medeiros Vladimir Cruz de 
Published: August 2019

O Stock Serra da Acauã está inserido no contexto da atividade plutônica ediacarana, uma das mais importantes feições geológicas na Província Borborema, Nordeste do Brasil. O corpo está dividido em duas fácies: uma equigranular fina a média e outra inequigranular média a fracamente porfirítica com fenocristais de K-feldspato. Determinações U-Pb em zircão apontaram uma idade ediacarana de c.a 578 Ma para a sua cristalização. Petrograficamente, o stock consiste de um biotita monzogranitos hololeucocráticos a leucocráticos (M = 1,3 – 9,9%), com biotita sendo o máfico principal (0,5 a 8,1%). Minerais opacos, titanita, allanita, apatita e zircão são acessórios e as fases minerais mais precoces. As rochas que formam o stock são geoquimicamente similares, de caráter fracamente peraluminoso (1,00 ≤ A/CNK ≤ 1,04), com coríndon normativo e de assinatura transicional entre rochas alcalinas e calcioalcalinas. A variação do conteúdo de óxidos e elementos traço sugere o fracionamento de plagioclásio, biotita, titanita, apatita e magnetita durante a cristalização do magma. O diagrama para elementos terras raras mostra enriquecimento dos elementos terras raras leves em relação aos elementos terras raras pesados, com razões LaN/YbN entre 16,10 e 54,75, e anomalias negativas de Eu (Eu/Eu* de 0,66 a 0,90) compatíveis com fracionamento de plagioclásio. Dados referentes à temperatura de saturação de zircão somados a diagramas discriminantes geoquímicos permitem associar essas rochas a granitos tipo I altamente fracionados. O conjunto de dados permite correlacionar o magmatismo no contexto de granitoides calcioalcalinos de alto potássio, tardi a pós-tectônicos do Domínio Rio Piranhas-Seridó.