bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Operational Stability for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Exciplex Cohosts
Authors: Wang Zhiheng , Li Mengke , Gan Lin , Cai Xinyi , Li Binbin , Chen Dongcheng , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing exciplex cohosts have gained attractive interest due to the promising high efficiency, low driving voltage, and potential low cost in future solid‐state lighting sources and full‐color displays. However, their device lifetime is still the most challenging weakness and rarely studied, which is regarded as a time consuming and complicated work. Therefore, a simplified but effective and comprehensive approach is demonstrated to give prediction for the exciplex cohosts operating lifespan and analyze their possible degradation mechanisms by considering molecular dissociated activation energy with internal exciton dynamics correlations. As a consequence, strong chemical bond stability for the hole transport moieties and rapid reactive exciton relaxation have the intrinsic talent to access potentially long‐lived exciplex cohosts, achieving an extended lifetime of 10169 h for the predicted long‐lived exciplex cohost OLEDs. Degradation behaviors further confirm that the deteriorated source is attributed to the formation of exciton quenchers and hole traps from excited states and charged‐excited states, respectively. The current findings establish a universal technique to screen the stable exciplex cohost candidates with economic time consumption and expenses.
Interdigitated Ambipolar Active Layer for Organic Phototransistor with Balanced Charge Transport
Authors: Jeong Uijin , Tarsoly Gergely , Lee Junghyun , Eun Youngmoo , Do Junghwan , Pyo Seungmoon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe formation and characterization of interdigitated ambipolar active layers prepared by a hybrid (solution processing and thermal vacuum evaporation) method for a polymer‐gated organic phototransistor with highly balanced ambipolar charge transport is reported. The interdigitated active layer is comprised of a solution‐processed single‐crystalline microcrystal array of p‐type 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS‐pentacene) and a thin film of n‐type N,N′‐ditridecylperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI‐C13). The TIPS‐pentacene single‐crystalline microcrystal, which is confirmed using X‐ray diffractometry and polarized optical microscopy, is embedded in the PTCDI‐C13 film deposited using a thermal vacuum evaporation method. The devices with the interdigitated active layer exhibit selective charge transport characteristics varying from unipolar to ambipolar depending on the thickness of the PTCDI‐C13 film. The fabricated ambipolar organic transistor shows high photoresponsivity at low light intensities and good dynamic photoresponse. These results demonstrate the potential use of such devices in ambipolar optoelectronic applications.
High Thermoelectric Power Factor and ZT in TbAs:InGaAs Epitaxial Nanocomposite Material
Authors: Tew Bo E. , Vempati Pratyusha , Clinger Laura E. , Bomberger Cory C. , Halaszynski Nicole I. , Favaloro Tela , Seol Jae H. , Feser Joseph P. , Majumdar Arun , Shakouri Ali , Bowers John E. , Bahk Je‐Hyeong , Zide Joshua M. O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLanthanide monopnictide (Ln‐V) nanoparticles embedded within III–V semiconductors, specifically in In0.53Ga0.47As, are interesting for thermoelectric applications. The electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor of co‐deposited TbAs:InGaAs over the temperature range of 300–700 K are reported. Using Boltzmann transport theory, it is shown that TbAs nanoparticles in InGaAs matrix give rise to an improved Seebeck coefficient due to an increase in scattering, such as ionized impurity scattering. TbAs nanoparticles act as electron donors in the InGaAs matrix while having minimal effects on electron mobility, and maintain high electrical conductivity. There is further evidence that TbAs nanoparticles act as energy dependent electron scattering sites, contributing to an increased Seebeck coefficient at high temperature. These results show that TbAs:InGaAs nanocomposite thinfilms containing low concentrations, specifically 0.78% TbAs:InGaAs, display high electrical conductivity, reduced thermal conductivity, improved Seebeck coefficient, and demonstrated ZT of power factors as high as 7.1 × 10−3 W K−2 m−1 and ZT as high as 1.6 at 650 K.
Negligible‐Pb‐Waste and Upscalable Perovskite Deposition Technology for High‐Operational‐Stability Perovskite Solar Modules
Authors: Jiang Yan , Remeika Mikas , Hu Zhanhao , Juarez‐Perez Emilio J. , Qiu Longbin , Liu Zonghao , Kim Taehoon , Ono Luis K. , Son Dae‐Yong , Hawash Zafer , Leyden Matthew R. , Wu Zhifang , Meng Lingqiang , Hu Jinsong , Qi Yabing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn upscalable perovskite film deposition method combining raster ultrasonic spray coating and chemical vapor deposition is reported. This method overcomes the coating size limitation of the existing stationary spray, single‐pass spray, and spin‐coating methods. In contrast with the spin‐coating method (>90% Pb waste), negligible Pb waste during PbI2 deposition makes this method more environmentally friendly. Outstanding film uniformity across the entire area of 5 cm × 5 cm is confirmed by both large‐area compatible characterization methods (electroluminescence and scattered light imaging) and local characterization methods (atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence mapping, UV–vis, and X‐ray diffraction measurements on multiple sample locations), resulting in low solar cell performance decrease upon increasing device area. With the FAPb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (FA = formamidinium) perovskite layer deposited by this method, champion solar modules show a power conversion efficiency of 14.7% on an active area of 12.0 cm2 and an outstanding shelf stability (only 3.6% relative power conversion efficiency decay after 3600 h aging). Under continuous operation (1 sun light illumination, maximum power point condition, dry N2 atmosphere with <5% relative humidity, no encapsulation), the devices show high light‐soaking stability corresponding to an average T80 lifetime of 535 h on the small‐area solar cells and 388 h on the solar module.
Carbon/Binder‐Free NiO@NiO/NF with In Situ Formed Interlayer for High‐Areal‐Capacity Lithium Storage
Authors: Li Yan‐Fei , Shi Yan‐Hong , Wang Shu‐Guang , Liu Jin‐Hua , Lin Jian , Xia Yu , Wu Xing‐Long , Fan Chao‐Ying , Zhang Jing‐Ping , Xie Hai‐Ming , Sun Hai‐Zhu , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAchieving high areal capacity is a challenge for current lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). To address this issue, nickel foam (NF), as a free‐standing skeleton suffers from long‐term poor anchor ability for active materials, resulting in detachment from conductive substrates. In addition, the weighty NF damages the overall energy density of the electrode. Herein, an in situ fabrication of interlayer strategy is proposed to effectively address these issues through constructing layer‐by‐layer a 3D structure composed of an inner conductive framework, medial NiO layer, and outer few‐layer NiO nanoflowers in turn (NiO@NiO/NF). The interlayer derived from partial oxidation of NF not only reinforces the attachment of the active layer on NF but also contributes capacity to the whole electrode, leading to excellent stability and areal capacity. When used as the anode of LIBs, ultrahigh reversible capacity of 1.98 mAh cm−2 is delivered at 1.20 mA cm−2. The electrode still maintains good integrity and flexibility after 1000 cycles, showing good structure stability. Compared with previous reports, NiO@NiO/NF is one of the most outstanding NiO‐based electrodes. This work proposes a feasible strategy to enhance the capacity and stability of self‐supporting electrodes, and opens a new avenue for high‐areal‐capacity anode of LIBs.
Efficient Li‐Ion‐Conductive Layer for the Realization of Highly Stable High‐Voltage and High‐Capacity Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Lee Jung‐In , Shin Myungsoo , Hong Dongki , Park Soojin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecently, a consensus has been reached that using lithium metal as an anode in rechargeable Li‐ion batteries is the best way to obtain the high energy density necessary to power electronic devices. Challenges remain, however, with respect to controlling dendritic Li growth on these electrodes, enhancing compatibility with carbonate‐based electrolytes, and forming a stable solid–electrolyte interface layer. Herein, a groundbreaking solution to these challenges consisting in the preparation of a Li2TiO3 (LT) layer that can be used to cover Li electrodes via a simple and scalable fabrication method, is suggested. Not only does this LT layer impede direct contact between electrode and electrolyte, thus avoiding side reactions, but it assists and expedites Li‐ion flux in batteries, thus suppressing Li dendrite growth. Other effects of the LT layer on electrochemical performance are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique analyses. Notably, LT layer‐incorporating Li cells comprising high‐capacity/voltage cathodes with reasonably high mass loading (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, and LiMn2O4) show highly stable cycling performance in a carbonate‐based electrolyte. Therefore, it is believed that the approach based on the LT layer can boost the realization of high energy density lithium metal batteries and next‐generation batteries.
Coming in Warm: Qualitative Study and Concept Map to Cultivate Patient‐centered Empathy in Emergency Care
Authors: Pettit Katie E. , Rattray Nicholas A. , Wang Hao , Stuckey Shanna , Mark Courtney D. , Messman Anne M. , Kline Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreased empathy may improve patient perceptions and outcomes. No training tool has been derived to teach empathy to emergency care providers. Accordingly, we engaged patients to assist in creating a concept map to teach empathy to emergency care providers.MethodsWe recruited patients, patient caretakers and patient advocates with emergency department experience to participate in three separate focus groups (n = 18 participants). Facilitators guided discussion about behaviors that physicians should demonstrate to rapidly create trust; enhance patient perception that the physician understood the patient's point of view, needs, concerns, and fears; and optimize patient/caregiver understanding of their experience. Verbatim transcripts from the three focus groups were read by the authors, and by consensus, five major themes with 10 minor themes were identified. After creating a codebook with thematic definitions, one author reviewed all transcripts to a library of verbatim excerpts coded by theme. To test for inter‐rater reliability, two other authors similarly coded a random sample of 40% of the transcripts. Authors independently chose excerpts that represented consensus and strong emotional responses from participants.ResultsApproximately 90% of opinions and preferences fell within 15 themes, with five central themes: provider transparency, acknowledgment of patient's emotions, provider disposition, trust in physician, and listening. Participants also highlighted the need for authenticity, context, and individuality to enhance empathic communication. For empathy map content, patients offered example behaviors that promote perceptions of physician warmth, respect, physical touch, knowledge of medical history, explanation of tests, transparency, and treating patients as partners. The resulting concept map was named the “Empathy Circle.”ConclusionsFocus group participants emphasized themes and tangible behaviors to improve empathy in emergency care. These were incorporated into the Empathy Circle, a novel concept map that can serve as the framework to teach empathy to emergency care providers.
Theory of dissolution and precipitation waves—redux
Authors: Ghaderi Zefreh Masoud , Doster Florian , Hesse Marc A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present a local equilibrium theory for the reactive transport of two salts that share an anion in an ideal solution. We revisit this classic problem using the theory of hyperbolic partial differential equations accounting for the volume of precipitates. We construct analytical solutions for the 2 × 2 system of conservation laws in the absence of hydrodynamic dispersion. The character of the system depends on the saturation of the salts, that is, whether the fluid is saturated with both, either of the two or none of the salts. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the system and its solution. Each primitive variable, the amount of precipitate and the concentration of ions, remains constant along one class of waves that propagate in the system. The analysis of the system allows identification of seven bifurcations with respect to the intermediate state.
A case–control–family study of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Liu Yaping , Zhang Jihui , Lam Siu Ping , Zhou Junying , Yu Mandy Wai Man , Li Shirley Xin , Chan Joey Wing Yan , Postuma Ronald B. , Mok Vincent Chung Tong , Wing Yun Kwok 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the familial aggregation of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), neurodegenerative diseases, and related biomarkers.MethodsA total of 404 and 387 first‐degree relatives of 102 patients with iRBD and of 89 controls were recruited, respectively. Among them, 204 and 208 relatives of patients and controls underwent face‐to‐face clinical assessment, whereas 97 and 75 relatives underwent further video‐polysomnographic assessment, respectively.ResultsCompared with relatives of controls, relatives of patients demonstrated higher levels of RBD features, including chin tonic electromyography activity (mean = 1.5 ± 7.5 vs 0.3 ± 1.0, p = 0.04) and behavioral events (n [weighted %] = 12 [11.3] vs 2 [1.9], adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 7.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54–33.33, p = 0.009) during rapid eye movement sleep, probable diagnosis (n [%] = 57 [14.9] vs 20 [4.9], aHR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.96–6.25, p < 0.001), and definite diagnosis (n [weighted %] = 10 [8.4] vs 2 [1.4], aHR = 5.56, 95% CI = 1.16–25.00, p = 0.03). They also had higher risks of Parkinson disease (3.1% vs 0.5%, aHR = 5.88, 95% CI = 1.37–25.00, p = 0.02), dementia (6.9% vs 2.6%, aHR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.15–5.26, p = 0.02), constipation (8.3% vs 2.4%, adjusted odds ratio = 4.21, 95% CI = 1.34–13.17, p = 0.01), and motor dysfunction (Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III motor score, mean = 1.9 ± 3.2 vs 0.9 ± 2.3, p = 0.002). The unaffected relatives of patients demonstrated a higher likelihood ratio of prodromal Parkinson disease (median [interquartile range] = 0.27 [1.19] vs 0.22 [0.51], p = 0.03).InterpretationiRBD is familially aggregated from isolated features to full‐blown sleep disorder. Relatives of patients carry a higher risk of alpha‐synucleinopathy in terms of neurodegenerative diseases and prodromal markers, suggesting a familial aggregation and staging pathology of alpha‐synucleinopathy. Ann Neurol 2019;85:582–592
Superhydrophobic–superoleophilic electrospun nanofibrous membrane modified by the chemical vapor deposition of dimethyl dichlorosilane for efficient oil–water separation
Authors: Zareei Pour Faride , Sabzehmeidani Mohammad Mehdi , Karimi Hajir , Madadi Avargani Vahid , Ghaedi Mehrorang 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTSuperhydrophobic and superoleophilic functionalized electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes with water repellence, breathability, and oil‐sorption and oil–water separation properties were achieved with a combination of an electrospinning technique and the chemical vapor deposition of dichlorodimethyl silane. The samples were laterally characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, water contact angle measurement, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The maximum water contact angle value was 152.0 ± 2.5° for the PVDF nanofibrous membranes with 500 μL of deposited silane (PMS2) obtained under certain conditions. The PMS2 membranes showed 100.0, 93.7, 23.3, 35.0, and 100.0% separation efficiencies forn‐hexane, kerosene, crude oil, frying oil, and toluene, respectively. The understudy membrane exhibited reasonable waterproofness and remarkable breathability (water vapor transition rate = 215.21 g/m2.h). Moreover, the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic nanofibrous membranes also showed good reusability, stability, moderate water‐repellent properties, breathability, antifouling properties, and oil–water separation ability after several cycles. These properties confirmed potential in feasible applications, including protective cloths and in the purification of oil‐polluted water. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47621.
Prevalence, Treatment, and Outcomes of Coexistent Pulmonary Hypertension and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Young Amber , Vummidi Dharshan , Visovatti Scott , Homer Kate , Wilhalme Holly , White Eric S. , Flaherty Kevin , McLaughlin Vallerie , Khanna Dinesh 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of PH in a cohort of patients with SSc‐associated ILD.MethodsPatients with SSc‐associated ILD on high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were included in a prospective observational cohort. Patients were screened for PH based on a standardized screening algorithm and underwent right‐sided heart catheterization (RHC) if indicated. PH classification was based on hemodynamic findings and the extent of ILD on HRCT. Summary statistics and survival using the Kaplan‐Meier method were calculated.ResultsOf the 93 patients with SSc‐associated ILD included in the study, 76% were women and 65.6% had diffuse cutaneous SSc. The mean age was 54.9 years, and the mean SSc disease duration was 8 years. Twenty‐nine patients (31.2%) had RHC‐proven PH; of those 29 patients, 24.1% had PAH, 55.2% had World Health Organization (WHO) Group III PH, 34.5% had WHO Group III PH with pulmonary vascular resistance >3.0 Wood units, 48.3% had a PH diagnosis within 7 years of SSc onset, 82.8% received therapy for ILD, and 82.8% received therapy for PAH. The survival rate 3 years after SSc‐associated ILD diagnosis for all patients was 97%. The survival rate 3 years after PH diagnosis for those with SSc‐associated ILD and PH was 91%.ConclusionIn a large cohort of patients with SSc‐associated ILD, a significant proportion of patients had coexisting PH, which often occurs early after SSc diagnosis. Most patients were treated with ILD and PAH therapies, and survival was good. Patients with SSc‐associated ILD should be evaluated for coexisting PH.
Mode‐dependent seamless transfer control strategy of a microgrid via a small‐signal stability approach
Authors: Wu Ying , Guerrero Josep M. , Wu Yanpeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA microgrid is an effective solution to enhance the integration of distributed renewable energy resources, which can operate both in grid connected mode and islanded mode. In order to reduce the jumps of the system variables within acceptable limits to ensure the system has good transient performance and power quality in multiple operating modes, seamless transfer is the key problem to be considered. In this paper, due to the different multiple equilibrium points for the two operating modes, the dynamics of every operating mode re modeled as a subsystem with all the variables that are needed to be synchronized. Linearization is carried out respectively for the two operation modes on the different equilibriums in a state‐space form based on the small‐signal stability method. To reduce the conservatism of the unified controller, the concept of the relative Lyapunov function is introduced to derive a multiple segmental Lyapunov method and a robust feedback mode‐dependent switching controller is designed to achieve smooth transfer by making the deviation energy of the two modes both converge to the zero point. To rapidly detect the switching signal, a sparse communication network is introduced by the use of low bandwidth communication links to broadcast the switching signal to each distributed controller. Finally, two microgrid test systems were built in SIMULINK to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed seamless transfer control strategies.
Making sense of recommendations
Authors: Yeomans Michael , Shah Anuj , Mullainathan Sendhil , Kleinberg Jon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractComputer algorithms are increasingly being used to predict people's preferences and make recommendations. Although people frequently encounter these algorithms because they are cheap to scale, we do not know how they compare to human judgment. Here, we compare computer recommender systems to human recommenders in a domain that affords humans many advantages: predicting which jokes people will find funny. We find that recommender systems outperform humans, whether strangers, friends, or family. Yet people are averse to relying on these recommender systems. This aversion partly stems from the fact that people believe the human recommendation process is easier to understand. It is not enough for recommender systems to be accurate, they must also be understood.
Application of quality indicators to data from the National Network of Congenital Anomalies of Argentina
Authors: Groisman Boris , Barbero Pablo , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo , Botto Lorenzo D. , Bidondo María Paz , Liascovich Rosa 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundIn Argentina, birth defects are a leading cause of infant deaths. In 2009, the National Network for Congenital Anomalies of Argentina (RENAC) was established as a hospital‐based surveillance system of major structural birth defects. To assess and enhance the system's data quality, we previously developed data quality indicators (DQI). Our aim was to evaluate quality indicators in RENAC.MethodsWe applied the DQI presented in a related publication to the 2016 RENAC data.ResultsAmong the DQI of description, spina bifida coverage and talipes had the lowest results. Regarding prevalence of hypospadias, it was lower than the defined threshold. RENAC did not achieve the ascertainment threshold of a prevalence of 21.5 per 10,000 for critical congenital heart defects. There was a high ratio of spina bifida to anencephaly.ConclusionsDQI provide a focus for improving quality, making decisions, and advocating for interventions. Examples include advocating for newborn screening of critical congenital heart defects with pulse oximetry; developing training programs for clinicians to improve the detection of isolated hypospadias; and developing visual tools and checklists to improve the completeness and accuracy of case description for spina bifida, talipes, and other major malformations. After the interventions, it is important to track the impact by measuring again the DQI.