bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Combination of Diclofenac and Methadone Applied as Gel in a Human Experimental Pain Model – A Randomized, Placebo‐controlled Trial
Authors: Larsen Isabelle M. , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Olesen Anne E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPain involves responses in which both peripheral and central mechanisms contribute to the generation of pain. Pre‐clinical laboratory data have supported that a topical formulation of combined diclofenac and methadone (Diclometh) may alleviate local pain, and potentially, the side effect profile should be low. We hypothesized that antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of Diclometh could be demonstrated in a human experimental pain model and that Diclometh would be safe to administer. Thus, the aims were as follows: (i) to compare two doses of Diclometh versus placebo; and (ii) to assess the safety profile of Diclometh. The study was a crossover, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled comparison of two doses of Diclometh gel (0.1% and 0.2%) administered topically in healthy participants. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and capsaicin intradermal injections were used as human pain models. Pressure stimulation, contact heat stimulation, hyperalgesia (pinprick stimulation) and allodynia (brush stimulation) to mechanical stimulation were performed in the area where capsaicin and NGF were injected. Side effects were recorded on a four‐point Likert scale. Twenty‐one men completed the study (mean age 26.14 ± 5.3). Diclometh 0.2% reduced the capsaicin‐induced dynamic mechanical allodynia compared to placebo (primary end‐point, p = 0.03). No other primary or secondary end‐points were found significantly different (all p > 0.05). All side effects were reported as mild with no differences between treatments (p = 0.15). Indication of antiallodynic effect of Diclometh 0.2% was found. Additionally, it was demonstrated that Diclometh was safe to use.
Exclusive breastfeeding in hospital predicts longer breastfeeding duration in Canada: Implications for health equity
Authors: Vehling Lorena , Chan Deborah , McGavock Jon , Becker Allan B. , Subbarao Padmaja , Moraes Theo J. , Mandhane Piushkumar J. , Turvey Stuart E. , Lefebvre Diana L. , Sears Malcolm R. , Azad Meghan B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundBreastfeeding has many established health benefits for women and children. We examined the association between maternal education, newborn feeding in hospital, and long‐term breastfeeding duration.MethodsWe studied 3195 Canadian mother‐infant dyads in the CHILD pregnancy cohort. Newborn feeding was documented from hospital records. Caregivers reported sociodemographic factors and infant feeding at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.ResultsOverall, 97% of newborns initiated breastfeeding and 74% were exclusively breastfed in hospital. Exclusively breastfed newborns were ultimately breastfed longer compared with those who received formula supplementation during their hospital stay (median 11.0 vs 7.0 months, P < .001). After controlling for maternal age, ethnicity, birth mode, and gestational age, exclusively breastfed newborns had a 21% reduced risk of breastfeeding cessation (HR = 0.79, 0.71‐0.87). This effect was strongest among women without a postsecondary education (HR = 0.65, 0.53‐0.79).DiscussionExclusive breastfeeding in hospital is associated with longer breastfeeding duration, particularly among women of lower socioeconomic status. Initiatives that support exclusive breastfeeding of newborns in hospital could improve long‐term breastfeeding rates and help reduce health inequities arising in early life.
Novel long‐acting antagonists of muscarinic ACh receptors
Authors: Randáková Alena , Rudajev Vladimír , Doležal Vladimír , Boulos John , Jakubík Jan 
Published: March 2018

Background and PurposeThe aim of this study was to develop potent and long‐acting antagonists of muscarinic ACh receptors. The 4‐hexyloxy and 4‐butyloxy derivatives of 1‐[2‐(4‐oxidobenzoyloxy)ethyl]‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridin‐1‐ium were synthesized and tested for biological activity. Antagonists with long‐residence time at receptors are therapeutic targets for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric human diseases. Their long‐acting effects allow for reduced daily doses and adverse effects.Experimental ApproachThe binding and antagonism of functional responses to the agonist carbachol mediated by 4‐hexyloxy compounds were investigated in CHO cells expressing individual subtypes of muscarinic receptors and compared with 4‐butyloxy analogues.Key ResultsThe 4‐hexyloxy derivatives were found to bind muscarinic receptors with micromolar affinity and antagonized the functional response to carbachol with a potency ranging from 30 nM at M1 to 4 μM at M3 receptors. Under washing conditions to reverse antagonism, the half‐life of their antagonistic action ranged from 1.7 h at M2 to 5 h at M5 receptors.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe 4‐hexyloxy derivatives were found to be potent long‐acting M1‐preferring antagonists. In view of current literature, M1‐selective antagonists may have therapeutic potential for striatal cholinergic dystonia, delaying epileptic seizure after organophosphate intoxication or relieving depression. These compounds may also serve as a tool for research into cognitive deficits.
Feasibility of carbon‐ion radiotherapy for re‐irradiation of locoregionally recurrent, metastatic, or secondary lung tumors
Authors: Hayashi Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Naoyoshi , Karube Masataka , Nakajima Mio , Tsuji Hiroshi , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Kamada Tadashi 
Published: March 2018

Intrathoracic recurrence after carbon‐ion radiotherapy for primary or metastatic lung tumors remains a major cause of cancer‐related deaths. However, treatment options are limited. Herein, we report on the toxicity and efficacy of re‐irradiation with carbon‐ion radiotherapy for locoregionally recurrent, metastatic, or secondary lung tumors. Data of 95 patients with prior intrathoracic carbon‐ion radiotherapy who were treated with re‐irradiation with carbon‐ion radiotherapy at our institution between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Seventy‐three patients (76.8%) had primary lung tumors and 22 patients (23.2%) had metastatic lung tumors. The median dose of initial carbon‐ion radiotherapy was 52.8 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) and the median dose of re‐irradiation was 66.0 Gy (relative biological effectiveness). None of the patients received concurrent chemotherapy. The median follow‐up period after re‐irradiation was 18 months. In terms of grade ≥3 toxicities, one patient experienced each of the following: grade 5 bronchopleural fistula, grade 4 radiation pneumonitis, grade 3 chest pain, and grade 3 radiation pneumonitis. The 2‐year local control and overall survival rates were 54.0% and 61.9%, respectively. In conclusion, re‐irradiation with carbon‐ion radiotherapy was associated with relatively low toxicity and moderate efficacy. Re‐irradiation with carbon‐ion radiotherapy might be an effective treatment option for patients with locoregionally recurrent, metastatic, or secondary lung tumors.
Chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging could predict subclinical cortisol production from an incidentally discovered adrenal mass
Authors: Yener Serkan , Secil Mustafa , Demir Omer , Ozgen Saydam Basak , Yorukoglu Kutsal 
Published: March 2018

SummaryContextTo investigate whether any association between chemical shift magnetic resonance (MRI) findings, cortisol secretion and pathological findings exists that could predict subclinical hypercortisolism (SCH) in patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI).DesignRetrospective, cross‐sectional study in a tertiary centre.PatientsSixty‐eight subjects with AIs and 13 patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS). Patients with AIs were categorized according to cortisol levels post 1 mg dexamethasone (post‐DST).MeasurementsVisual inspection of the lipid content of the adrenal tumour and calculation of adrenal‐to‐spleen ratio (ASR), the signal intensity index (SII), volume and the assessment of the association between pathological, radiological and hormonal findings in surgically treated patients.ResultsPercentage of clear cells was correlated with ASR (r = −.525, P = .01), SII (r = .465, P = .025), post‐DST cortisol (r = −.711, P < .001) and ACTH (r = .475, P = .046). By ANOVA and post hoc analysis, patients with CS and five subjects with a post‐DST cortisol greater than 137 nmol/L differed significantly in ASR and SII from those with a post‐DST cortisol less than 50 nmol/L. An ASR level higher than 0.245 (OR 19.7, 95% CI 1.5‐257.5; P = .023) and a SII level lower than 78.37 (OR 15.6, 95% CI 1.2‐20; P = .034) remained as the independent predictors for SCH while age, presence of arterial hypertension or tumour volume did not make significant contribution to the models.ConclusionsCortisol hypersecretion by adrenal adenomas is associated with distinctive MRI characteristics. The quantitative assessment of intracellular lipid in an AI could help distinguish patients with a clear phenotype of SCH.
Prevalence and characteristics of choroidal nevi: the Australian National Eye Health Survey
Authors: Keel Stuart , Xie Jing , Foreman Joshua , Taylor Hugh R , Dirani Mohamed 
Published: March 2018

AbstractImportanceChoroidal nevi are a common incidental finding on fundus examination. The National Eye Health Survey (NEHS, 2015–2016) provides an up‐to‐date estimate of the prevalence of choroidal nevi in non‐Indigenous and Indigenous Australian adults.BackgroundTo describe the prevalence and characteristics of choroidal nevi among non‐Indigenous and Indigenous Australian adults.DesignPopulation‐based cross‐sectional study.ParticipantsThis study included 3098 non‐Indigenous Australians (aged 50–98 years) and 1738 Indigenous Australians (aged 40–92 years) living in 30 randomly selected sites, stratified by remoteness.MethodsChoroidal nevi were graded from retinal photographs using standard protocols.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence of choroidal nevi.ResultsIn the non‐Indigenous population aged 50 years and over, the weighted prevalence of choroidal nevi was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.4, 3.3). Among Indigenous Australians aged 40 years and over, the weighted prevalence of choroidal nevi was 0.68% (95% CI: 0.4, 1.3). The average maximum diameter, surface area and distance from the disc of the choroidal nevi was 1730 μm, 2 766 800 μm2 and 3400 μm, respectively. After multivariate adjustments, Indigenous participants (OR = 0.28, P = 0.01) and those of older age (OR = 0.79 per 10 years, P = 0.02) were less likely to have choroidal nevi. Choroidal nevus was not the primary cause of vision loss in any participant.Conclusions and RelevanceChoroidal nevi were relatively infrequent among NEHS participants, however non‐Indigenous Australians had a significantly higher prevalence than Indigenous Australians. Choroidal nevi did not affect visual acuity and the majority were small.
A systematic review on the influence of the horizontal distance between two adjacent implants inserted in the anterior maxilla on the inter‐implant mucosa fill
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Roccuzzo Andrea , Schwarz Frank 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo address the following focused question: “Does the horizontal distance between two adjacent implants inserted in the anterior maxilla affect the inter‐implant mucosa fill?”.Material and MethodsA comprehensive literature screening was performed in MEDLINE and Cochrane databases from January 1, 2000 until July 1, 2017. Clinical human studies including ≥10 patients treated with at least two adjacent implant‐supported crowns in the anterior maxilla with a minimum of 12 months of follow‐up were searched. Studies reporting on inter‐implant mucosa fill in relation to the radiographic horizontal distance between the two adjacent implants were included. The reporting of this systematic analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) statement.ResultsThe initial search resulted in 208 publications. From 13 full‐text articles reviewed, 4 were included in the final analysis. Depending on the reference points used, the horizontal inter‐implant distance ranged between 2.01 and 4.0 mm. In 21 to 88.5% of the cases, inter‐implant‐mucosa filled more than half of the inter‐implant space. When interpreting results of inter‐implant mucosa fill, time of implant placement (immediate or delayed) and restoring (immediate or conventional) were taken into consideration. A tendency towards incomplete inter‐implant mucosa fill at a distance of <3 mm was noted in the 3 included papers. One of the studies found this trend to be statistically significant (p = .008).ConclusionsBased on the available evidence, it is not possible to define a precise threshold for the optimal horizontal distance between two adjacent implants.
Evidence‐based knowledge on the aesthetics and maintenance of peri‐implant soft tissues: Osteology Foundation Consensus Report Part 1—Effects of soft tissue augmentation procedures on the maintenance of peri‐implant soft tissue health
Authors: Giannobile William V. , Jung Ronald E. , Schwarz Frank ,   the Groups of the 2nd Osteology Foundation Consensus Meeting
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of Working Group 1 at the 2nd Consensus Meeting of the Osteology Foundation was to comprehensively assess the effects of soft tissue augmentation procedures on peri‐implant health or disease.Materials and methodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effects of soft tissue augmentation procedures included a total of 10 studies (mucosal thickness: n = 6; keratinized tissue: n = 4). Consensus statements, clinical recommendations, and implications for future research were based on structured group discussions and a plenary session approval.ResultsSoft tissue grafting to increase the width of keratinized tissue around implants was associated with greater reductions in gingival and plaque indices when compared to non‐augmented sites. Statistically significant differences were noted for final marginal bone levels in favor of an apically positioned flap plus autogenous graft vs. all standard‐of‐care control treatments investigated. Soft tissue grafting (i.e., autogenous connective tissue) to increase the mucosal thickness around implants in the aesthetic zone was associated with significantly less marginal bone loss over time, but no significant changes in bleeding on probing, probing depths, or plaque scores when compared to sites without grafting.ConclusionsThe limited evidence available supports the use of soft tissue augmentation procedures to promote peri‐implant health.
Evidence‐based knowledge on the aesthetics and maintenance of peri‐implant soft tissues: Osteology Foundation Consensus Report Part 3—Aesthetics of peri‐implant soft tissues
Authors: Jung Ronald E. , Heitz‐Mayfield Lisa , Schwarz Frank ,   on behalf of the Groups of the 2 Osteology Foundation Consensus Meeting
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesWorking Group 2 at the 2nd Consensus Meeting of the Osteology Foundation had a focus on the influence of vertical implant placement on papilla height at single implants adjacent to teeth and on the inter‐implant mucosa fill at two adjacent implants in the anterior maxilla.Materials and methodsTwo systematic reviews were prepared in advance of the consensus meeting. Due to the heterogeneity among the studies with regard to study design, study population, method of assessment, meta‐analyses were not possible. Consensus statements, clinical recommendations, and implications for future research were based on structured group discussions until consensus was reached among the entire expert group.ResultsThe systematic review about single‐tooth implants included a total of 12 studies demonstrating that the vertical distance from the crestal bone level to the base of the interproximal contact point varied considerably from 2 mm up to 11 mm, and a partial or complete papilla fill was reached in 56.5% to 100% of the cases. For the systematic review regarding two adjacent implants, only four studies reported on horizontal inter‐implant distances which ranged between 2.0 and 4.0 mm. More than half of the papilla presence was indicated in 21% to 88.5% of the cases.ConclusionsIt was concluded that for single‐tooth implants, the papilla height between an implant and a tooth is predominantly dependent on the clinical attachment level of the tooth. In cases with two adjacent implants, it was concluded that it is not possible to define the optimal horizontal distance between two adjacent implants restored with fixed dental prosthess.
Papilla height in relation to the distance between bone crest and interproximal contact point at single‐tooth implants: A systematic review
Authors: Roccuzzo Mario , Roccuzzo Andrea , Ramanuskaite Ausra 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to investigate the tooth–implant papilla formation in correlation with the distance between the interproximal bone level and the prosthetic contact point.Material and MethodsA comprehensive search of the current literature (01/01/2000–01/01/2017) was performed to identify human trials that included 10 patients or more, with at least 12 months follow‐up, in need of the replacement of one single tooth in the anterior maxillary region with an implant‐supported single crown. To meet the inclusion criteria, studies had to provide both radiographic and clinical data regarding the distance between the interproximal bone level and the prosthetic contact point.ResultsThe search yielded 136 records. After evaluation of abstracts and full texts, 12 papers were included in the final review, even though various reference points, for the comparison between the vertical distance and the papilla height, were used. The vertical distance between the interproximal bone level and prosthetic contact point ranged between 2 and 11 mm, and the partial or complete papilla fill (Jemt's score 2–3) ranged between 56.5% and 100% of cases.ConclusionThere is limited evidence that the vertical distance from the base of the interproximal contact point to the crestal bone level seems to affect the interproximal papilla height; that is, the lower is the distance the higher is the percentage of papilla fill. Complete embrasure fill between an implant restoration and the adjacent tooth seems to be correlated with the integrity of the periodontal ligament of the tooth. To reduce the risk of aesthetic failures, interproximal probing on the adjacent teeth should be encouraged before implant placement.
Effects of lateral bone augmentation procedures on peri‐implant health or disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Carrillo de Albornoz Ana , Figuero Elena , Schwarz Frank , Jung Ronald , Sanz Mariano , Thoma Daniel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review evaluated the evidence on the effect of the interventions aimed for lateral ridge augmentation (both simultaneously with implant placement or as a staged procedure) on peri‐implant health or disease.MethodsA protocol was developed to answer the following PICO question: “In patients with horizontal alveolar ridge deficiencies (population), what is the effect of lateral bone augmentation procedures (intervention and comparison) on peri‐implant health (outcome)?” Included studies were randomised controlled trials or controlled clinical trials with a follow‐up of at least 12 months after implant loading. Meta‐analyses were performed whenever possible, including subgroup analysis based on follow‐up.ResultsTwelve final publications from eight investigations were included. The results from the meta‐analysis indicated that irrespective of the type of intervention, the inflammatory changes, based on bleeding on probing (%) were minimal, both at short‐ (n = 1; weighted mean difference [WMD] = −1.00; 95% CI [−14.04; 12.04]; p = .881) and long‐term (n = 5; WMD = −5.63; 95% CI [−18.42; 7.16]; p = .881). When comparing different treatment modalities, no significant differences were observed (n = 6; WMD = −3.36; 95% CI [−12.49; 5.77]; p < .471). Similarly, changes in probing pocket depth and marginal bone levels were not significantly different among groups. The incidence of peri‐implantitis was evaluated in three investigations and varied from 16% to 26% after a follow‐up period of 6–8 years.ConclusionsThe results from this systematic review and meta‐analysis have shown that lateral ridge augmentation procedures can maintain peri‐implant health over time with low mucosal inflammatory changes and a relatively small incidence of peri‐implant bone loss.
Effects of blood flow restriction exercises on bone metabolism: a systematic review
Authors: Bittar S. T. , Pfeiffer P. S. , Santos H. H. , Cirilo‐Sousa M. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study analysed the effect of low‐intensity (LI) exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) on bone metabolism compared with high‐intensity (HI) exercises without BFR. The following databases were searched using the keywords therapeutic occlusion training OR BFR training OR vascular occlusion training OR KAATSU training OR ischaemia training AND osteogenesis OR bone biomarkers OR bone metabolic marker OR bone mass OR bone turnover OR osteoporosis OR osteopenia: PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Science Direct, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Two researchers, independently and blindly, selected the studies based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Electronic and manual searches located 170 articles published in English; after screening, only four studies showed that BFR training increases the expression of bone formation markers (e.g. bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase) and decreases bone resorption markers (e.g. the amino‐terminal telopeptides of type I collagen) after both aerobic and anaerobic exercise across several populations. The results of this study show that few studies have confirmed the positive effect of exercise with BFR on bone metabolism, formation and resorption. Furthermore, no methodological standardization of the samples, exercise type, intervention frequency or duration was observed.
Test of simulator‐based assessment of psychomotor skill in transthoracic echo
Authors: Winter Reidar , Lindqvist Per , Sheehan Florence H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundWe developed a transthoracic echo simulator that measures technical skill in image acquisition in terms of the deviation angle between an acquired image and the anatomically correct plane for that view. We studied whether this metric reflects the clinical experience of providers.MethodsAttendees at an echo course or at the annual meeting of the Swedish Heart Association were invited to test themselves on the simulator by scanning a mannequin and acquiring four views in 15 min: parasternal long axis (pLAX) in patient 1, apical four chamber and apical long axis (aLAX) in patient 2 and pLAX in patient 3. Their experience with echo was assessed from duration in years and procedure volume in the past year. Image acquisition error was assessed from the deviation angle.ResultsOf 61 participants, there were 37 physicians and 24 non‐physicians (22 sonographers and two nurses). Non‐physicians had higher procedure volume than physicians (850 ± 599 versus 312 ± 393 tests year−1, P<0·001); both had similar duration of experience (9 ± 8 versus 12 ± 11 years, P = NS). The deviation angle for aLAX (55 ± 37 degrees) was higher than for any other view (P<0·00001). aLAX was the only view whose deviation angle correlated significantly with experience and only with procedure volume (r = −0·357, P = 0·008).ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that deviation angle, a novel metric of technical skill in image acquisition, reflects clinical experience. Simulator‐based testing provides objective and quantitative assessment that may be of value in the certification of trainees and for maintenance of certification.