bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
V2a Neurons Constrain Extradiaphragmatic Respiratory Muscle Activity at Rest
Authors: Jensen Victoria N. , Seedle Kari , Turner Sarah M. , Lorenz John N. , Crone Steven A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBreathing requires precise control of respiratory muscles to ensure adequate ventilation. Neurons within discrete regions of the brainstem produce oscillatory activity to control the frequency of breathing. Less is understood about how spinal and pontomedullary networks modulate the activity of respiratory motor neurons to produce different patterns of activity during different behaviors (i.e., during exercise, coughing, swallowing, vocalizing, or at rest) or following disease or injury. Here, we use a chemogenetic approach to inhibit the activity of glutamatergic V2a neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord of neonatal and adult mice to assess their potential roles in respiratory rhythm generation and patterning respiratory muscle activity. Using whole-body plethysmography (WBP), we show that V2a neuron function is required in neonatal mice to maintain the frequency and regularity of respiratory rhythm. However, silencing V2a neurons in adult mice increases respiratory frequency and ventilation, without affecting regularity. Thus, the excitatory drive provided by V2a neurons is less critical for respiratory rhythm generation in adult compared to neonatal mice. In addition, we used simultaneous EMG recordings of the diaphragm and extradiaphragmatic respiratory muscles in conscious adult mice to examine the role of V2a neurons in patterning respiratory muscle activity. We find that silencing V2a neurons activates extradiaphragmatic respiratory muscles at rest, when they are normally inactive, with little impact on diaphragm activity. Thus, our results indicate that V2a neurons participate in a circuit that serves to constrain the activity of extradiaphragmatic respiratory muscles so that they are active only when needed.
ADAÇAYI UÇUCU YAĞ ELDESİNDEN SONRA ARTA KALAN ÜRÜNLERİN BİYOAKTİF POTANSİYELLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: İNCEGÜL Yasemin , ÇAM Mustafa 
Published: July 2019

Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.), bitkisel çay,
baharat ve gıda tatlandırıcısı olarak kullanılan, çok sayıda biyoaktif bileşen
içeren, Lamiaceae familyasından önemli bir tıbbi bitkidir. Bu
araştırmada, hidrodistilasyon ile
adaçayı uçucu yağları uzaklaştırılıp, arta kalan sulu kısım ve atık yaprakların
bileşimi incelenmiştir. Kurutulmuş adaçayı yaprakları 1 ve 2 saat olarak
hidrodistilasyon yöntemi ile ekstrakte edilip arta kalan yapraklar tekrar
kurutularak sırasıyla etil asetat ve etanol çözgenleri ile Soxhlet
ekstraksiyonuna tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen sulu (Hidrosol1, Hidrosol2),
etanollü (Etanol1, Etanol2) ve etil asetatlı (Etilasetat1, Etilasetat2)
ekstraktların toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri, α-glukozidaz inhibisyon
aktiviteleri, DPPH, ABTS ve β-karoten ağartma metotları kullanılarak
antioksidan aktiviteleri kolorimetrik olarak belirlenmiştir. Test edilen
ekstraktlar arasında toplam fenolik madde miktarı (60.63 mg GAE/g), toplam
flavonoid miktarı (40.23 mg KE/g), radikal süpürme gücü ((DPPH (95.00 mg
TEAC/g) ve ABTS (92.00 mg TEAC/g)) açısından en yüksek değer 2 saat
hidrodistilasyon sonucu elde edilen Hidrosol2 örneğine ait bulunurken en yüksek
antidiyabetik aktivitenin IC50 (1.32) Etil asetat1 örneğine ait
olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Dens invaginatus and dens evaginatus in a single tooth: Report of two cases
Authors: AKAY Gülsün , AKYOL Meltem 
Published: July 2019

ÖZDens invaginatus ve dens evaginatus gelişimsel dental
anomalilerdir. Aynı dişte çift dens evaginatus ve dens invaginatus son derece
nadirdir. Bu makalenin amacı maksiller lateral kesici dişlerdeki çift dens
invaginatus ve dens evaginatuslu iki vakayı sunmaktır. Detaylı klinik ve radyografik muayene bu tür
abnormaliteleri belirlemek için önemlidir. Diş hekimlerinin dens invaginatus ve
dens evaginatus'un klinik ve radyografik bulguları hakkındaki farkındalığı
erken tanı ve tedavi için önemlidir.

ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, talon cusp, çift,
anomali
Own and Parental Predictors of Hypertriglyceridemia in Children of Persons with Early Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Konnov M. V. , Deev A. D. 
Published: July 2019

Aim: to elucidate predictors of high level of basal triglycerides (TG) in blood of children of persons with early (onset: men ≤55, women ≤60 years) ischemic heart disease (EIHD).Materials and methods. We examined 316 families: patients (probands) (n=295; 77.9 % after MI) with EIHD, their spouses (n=219; 83.1 % women) and native children of probands (n=413; 55.7 % men) aged 5–38 years. In children aged 5–17 and 18–38 years proband’s spouse was mother in 88 and 77 % of cases, respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia in children (HTG) was defined in persons aged 5–17 years as ≥90 percentile (Lipid Research Clinics), ≥18 years – ≥1.7 mmol / l or HTG drug treatment. Predictors of HTG were selected by binary logistical regression with adjustment for age, sex and drugs.Results. HTG was found in 31 / 158 children aged 5–17 years. Its independent predictors were systolic arterial pressure (odds ratio [OR] of top [>108] vs. two bottom [≤108 mm Hg] tertiles 3.85, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.38–10.7, р=0.010), heart rate (HR, OR of top [>78] vs. two bottom [≤78 bpm] tertiles 2.94, 95 % CI 1.20–7.23, р=0.019), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL–C, OR 0.35, 95 % CI 0.13–0.94; р=0.038) of their children; HR (OR of top [>72] vs. two bottom [≤72 bpm] tertiles 3.56, 95 % CI 1.38–9.11, р=0.008), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 2.49, 95 % CI 1.12–5.52, p=0.025]), and type 2 diabetes (OR 25.9, 95 % CI 1.01–665.3; p=0.049) of the parent – proband’s consort. HTG was found in 35 / 255 children aged 18–38 years and was associated with own age (OR 1.10, 95 % CI 1.02–1.19, р=0.012) and male sex (OR 6.21, 95 % CI 2.45–15.8; р=0.000). HTG was independently associated with body mass index (OR top [>25.4] vs. two bottom [≤25.4 kg / m2] tertiles 4.94, 95 % CI 2.13–11.4, р=0.000); basal glycemia (OR top [5.1] vs. two bottom [≤5.1 mmol / l] tertiles 2.52, 95 % CI 1.17–5.43, р=0.019); HDL–C (OR 0.17, CI 0.04–0.81, 0.027); alcohol consumption (OR consuming more than once vs. once a week and less 2.27, 95 % CI 1.02–5.02, p=0.044) of these children; HDL–C (OR 0.19, 95 CI 0.04–0.94; p=0.041) of the proband-parent.Conclusions. HTG in children aged 5–38 years with parental early IHD was independently associated mainly with own characteristics, forming components of metabolic syndrome. Attention should be paid to the dominance of maternal transmission in children and adolescents (age group 5–17 years).
KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK SENSORIS, FISIK, DAN KIMIA FRUIT LEATHER ISANG TANDUK (Musa corniculata Lour.) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI GUM ARAB
Authors: Astuti Tri , Widowati Esti , Atmaka Windi 
Published: July 2019

<p>Fruit leather is one of the processed fruit products, shaped similar to thin sheets with specific consistency and flavor. One of the suitable fruits that can be processed to fruit leather was horn plantain (Musa corniculata Lour.). The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the addition of gum arabic on sensory<br />and physical, and chemical characteristics of horn plantain fruit leather and most acceptable gum arabic concentration addition for consumer. The analysis method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with single factor of the addition of gum arabic. Concentration addition of gum arabic in horn plantain fruit leather<br />was 0,3%; 0,6%; and 0,9%. Based on the analysis result according to the sensory analysis using hedonic test, the addition of gum arabic to the horn plantain fruit leather resulted a significant effect on the parameters of color, texture, and overall, whereas the addition of gum arabic to the horn plantain fruit leather did not have a significant effect on the parameters of scent and flavor. The physical and chemical analysis result of the horn plantain fruit leather with gum arabic addition had significant effect on water content (12,696% -13,775% (wb)) and dietary fiber (2,7563% - 5,0825% (db)), and had no significant effect on ash content (2,875% - 2,896% (db)), water activity (Aw) (0,54 - 0,56), and tensile strength (4,8449 N - 5,8125 N). The recommended gum arabic addition to the horn plaintain fruit leather was 0,6%.<br />Keywords: arabic gum, fruit leather, horn plantain</p>
VARIASI PERBANDINGAN TEPUNG DAN GULA TERHADAP KUALITAS DENDENG JANTUNG PISANG (DENJAPI)
Authors: Ernawati A TD , Wulandari Aniek 
Published: July 2019

<p>Penelitian dengan judul Variasi Perbandingan Tepung dan Gula terhadap Kualitas Dendeng Jantung Pisang (Denjapi) ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efek peningkatan tepung dan gula terhadap kualitas Denjapi dari aspek kimia dan organoleptik. <br />Penelitian ini menggunakan Random Complete Program (RCP) dengan tepung (tropics flour and bread flour) dan gula (gula putih dan gula jawa) menggunakan rasio 1:1 dan 1:3 dengan hasil 18 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis varian (Anova) dan jika terdapat beda nyata antar perlakuan maka uji dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan (DMRT) pada tingkat kepercayaan 5% dan 1%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan variasi antara tepung dan gula mempengaruhi kadar air<br />dan gula reduksi tetapi tidak berpengaruh pada kadar tannin. Perlakuan terbaik adalah Denjapi yang menggunakan perlakuan tropics flour dengan rasio antara gula putih dan gula jawa 1:1 dengan kadar air sebesar 11,1864%, gula reduksi sebesar 10,5273%, kadar tannin 0,2634%, dengan rasa yang lezat dan terasa berminyak<br />dan manis, tekstur konsentrat dan warna coklat gelap. <br />Kata kunci : organoleptik, gula reduksi, tannin</p>
SIFAT SENSORIS GEPLAK ROSELA (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
Authors: Wulandari Yustina Wuri , Purwanti Indrias Tri , Mustofa Akhmad 
Published: July 2019

<p>Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa) adalah salah satu tanaman hortikultura. Kualitas khusus rosella dari Jelok adalah merupakan produk organic. Diversifikasi penanganan rosella diperlukan pada pascapanen. Geplak merupakan salah satu makanan tradisional dari Bantul, Yogyakarta. Rosella memiliki efek potensial pada kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan formula geplak rosella dan untuk menganalisis sifat sensoris geplak rosella. <br />Kata kunci : geplak, rosella, sensoris</p>
KARAKTERISASI KARBON AKTIF KULIT SINGKONG (Manihot utilissima) DENGAN VARIASI JENIS AKTIVATOR
Authors: Permatasari Anugrah Rizqi , Khasanah Lia Umi , Widowati Esti 
Published: July 2019

<p>Kulit singkong yang merupakan limbah dari UKM dan industri yang berbahan baku singkong selama ini belum termanfaatkan, karena hanya sebagian kecil digunakan sebagai campuran pakan ternak dan selebihnya dibuang. Kulit singkong bagian dalam mengandung hampir 60% karbon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk<br />mengetahui pengaruh jenis aktivator dan mencari aktivator terbaik terhadap karakteristik karbon aktif kulit singkong. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Sub Lab Kimia Laboratorium Pusat Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Surakarta dan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap satu faktor yaitu jenis aktivator Asam Fosfat (H3PO4), Potasium Hidroksida (KOH), dan Natrium Klorida (NaCl) dengan dua kali ulangan sampel dan dua kali ulangan analisis. Analisis data menggunakan uji analisis one way ANOVA dilanjutkan uji DMRT pada taraf 5%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan jenis aktivator yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh pada karakteristik karbon aktif kulit singkong yaitu kadar air, kadar zat terbang (bagian yang hilang pada pemanasan) dan kadar karbon namun tidak memberikan pengaruh untuk karakteristik<br />rendemen, kadar abu, dan daya serap terhadap Iod. Karbon aktif yang baik adalah karbon aktif yang telah memenuhi standar atau persyaratan yang ditetapkan, yaitu Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). SNI yang digunakan adalah SNI 06-3730-1995 untuk arang aktif teknis. Aktivator terpilih yang memberikan hasil karakteristik karbon aktif terbaik adalah natrium klorida (NaCl). Hal ini karena karbon aktif yang diaktivasi NaCl memberikan hasil karakteristik yang sudah memenuhi standar mutu karbon aktif lebih banyak daripada kedua jenis aktivator yang lain.</p><p><br />Kata kunci: aktivasi kimia, karbon aktif, karbonisasi, limbah kulit singkong</p><p> </p>
KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA TEPUNG BENGKUANG (Pachyrhizus erosus) DIMODIFIKASI SECARA ASETILASI DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI ASAM ASETAT SELAMA PERENDAMAN
Authors: Dewi Novita Sari , Parnanto Nur Her Riyadi , Ariyantoro Akhmad Ridwan 
Published: July 2019

<p>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi asam asetat (0,10%; 0,15%; 0,20%; 0,25%) selama perendaman terhadap sifat fisik (derajat putih), sifat kimia (kadar air) dan fisikokimia ((daya serap, kelarutan (sollubility), swelling power, dan sifat amilografi) tepung bengkuang termodifikasi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yaitu variasi konsentrasi asam asetat. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) dengan tingkat signifikasi 5%.Apabila terdapat beda nyata yang signifikan antar perlakuan dilakukan uji dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test(DMRT) dengan tingkat signifikasi<br />5%. Hasil uji sifat fisik (derajat putih) tepung modifikasi menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi asam asetat, maka nilai derajat putih tepung bengkuang semakin meningkat. Sifat kimia (kadar air) pada tepung modifikasi menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi asam asetat maka nilai kadar air semakin meningkat. Sifat fisikokimia tepung modifikasi menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi asam asetat maka nilai daya serap air, swelling power, kelarutan dan suhu awal gelatinisasi semakin meningkat. Namun viscositas balik semakin menurun.</p><p>Kata Kunci :Bengkuang, Tepung bengkuang, Asetilasi</p>
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN WHEY DAN FESES SAPI MADURA SEBAGAI SUBSTRAT BIOGAS TERHADAP PRODUKSI METAN, KECERNAAN BAHAN ORGANIK DAN pH SLURRY
Authors: Krisdiyanty N , Purnomoadi A , Sutaryo Sutaryo 
Published: July 2019

<p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak penggunaan whey dalam substrat biogas terhadap rata-rata produksi metan, kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO) dan pH slurry. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 perlakuan yaitu Tdengan bahan isian feses sapi Madura dicairkan dengan air (FA) dan T2 1dengan bahan isian feses sapi Madura dicairkan dengan whey (FW) dengan perbandingan 1:1. Ulangan yang dilakukan berupa pengambilan data selama 2 kali hydraulic retention time. Analisis data menggunakan t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nyata (P&lt;0,05) dari perlakuan<br />penggunaan whey terhadap produksi metan. FW menunjukkan produksi metan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan FA (1465 vs 613 ml/l volume digester aktif), untuk KcBO antara FA dan FW (31,53% vs 37,45%) dan pH slurry antara FA dan FW (6,86 vs 6,88) menunjukan hasil tidak berbeda nyata (P&gt;0,05). Whey berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan pencair feses sapi Madura pada pembuatan biogas untuk mengoptimalkan produksi metan. <br />Kata kunci : feses, KcBO, metan, pH, whey</p><p> </p>
Prevalence of stillbirth and associated Factors among immediate post-partum mothers at Felegehiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia: An institution based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mengistie Agerie , Andualem Mulusew , Tamirat koku 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Stillbirth rates are important indicators of the quality of antenatal and obstetric care in the community. In Ethiopia many neonatal deaths and almost all stillbirths are underreported. Therefore, this study aimed to determine prevalence of still birth and associated factors among immediate post-partum mothers.

Methods

An institution based cross-sectional study was employed at Felegehiwot comprehensive specialized hospital from March to May 2016 (n=310). A pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaire and medical chart reviews were used to collect data from immediate post-partum mothers. Data were entered using Epi Info version 3.5.4 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify predictors of stillbirth. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to assess the strength of association. Variables with p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable considered as significant predictors of stillbirth.

Result

The prevalence of stillbirth was 8.7% with (95%CI: 5.8, 12.4). Previous history of stillbirth; [AOR=4.7, 95%CI (1.90-24.76)], labor complications [AOR=4.9, 95%CI (1.30-18.58)], Parthogragh use [AOR=0.25, 95%CI (0.10-0.80)], and twin delivery [AOR=6.7, 95%CI (1.40-32.74)] were significant predictors of stillbirth.

Conclusion

The magnitude of stillbirth in this study was higher. Multiple pregnancies, previous stillbirth, and complicated labor positively associated with stillbirth. Whereas use of partograph during labor significantly reduced stillbirth. This finding suggests that proper management of labor is mandatory to reduce stillbirth.
Acceptability and clinical trial feasibility evaluation of auditory rhythmical cueing to improve gait and physical activity in community dwelling stroke survivors (ACTIVATE): study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Moore Sarah , McCue Patricia , Din Silvia Del , Hunter Heather , Lord Sue , Price Christopher IM , Shaw Lisa , Rodgers Helen , Rochester Lynn 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Mobility problems are present in 70-80% of stroke survivors, and can result in impaired gait and reduced physical activity limiting independent living. Auditory rhythmic cueing (ARC) has been used to provide auditory feedback and shows promise in improving a variety of walking parameters following stroke. The aim of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a multi-centre, observer blind, randomised controlled trial of auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) intervention in home and community settings in North East England.

Methods

This pilot observer blind randomised controlled feasibility trial aims to recruit 60 participants over 15 months from community stroke services in the North East of England. Participants will be within 24 months of stroke onset causing new problems with mobility. Each participant will be randomised to the study intervention or control group. Intervention treatment participants will undertake 18 auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) treatment sessions over six weeks (3 x 30 minutes per week, 6 supervised (physiotherapist/research associate)/ 12 self-managed) in a home/community setting. A metronome will be used to provide ARC during a series of balance and gait exercises, which will be gradually progressed. The control treatment participants will undertake the same duration balance and gait exercise training programme as the intervention group but without the ARC. Feasibility will be determined in terms of recruitment, retention, adverse events, adherence, collection of descriptive clinical and accelerometer motor performance data at baseline, six weeks and ten weeks and description of participant, provider and clinical therapists’ experiences. As well as using questionnaires to collate participant views, qualitative interviews will be undertaken to further understand how the intervention is delivered in practice in a community setting and to identify aspects perceived important by participants.

Discussion

The ACTIVATE study will address an important gap in the evidence base by reporting whether it is feasible to deliver auditory rhythmical cueing in the home and community to improve gait and balance parameters following stroke. The feasibility of the study protocol will be established and results will inform the design of a future multi-centre randomised controlled trial.

Trial Registration: Trial register: ISRCTN, Trial identifier: ISRCTN10874601: Date of registration: 12/03/2018, URL http://www.isrctn.com/search?q=ISRCTN10874601
Fabrication of a novel cyanoethyl cellulose substrate for thin-film composite forward osmosis membrane
Authors: Zheng Ke , Zhou Shaoqi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study, cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC) was used as a membrane material, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as pore-forming agent to prepare the substrates for the thin-film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membrane for the first time. The experimental results demonstrate that the properties of the substrates were significantly improved after PVP was added. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that a two-sublayer structure, a fringe-like top sublayer and macrovoids with sponge-like wall bottom sublayer, were formed after the addition of PVP. These improvements contributed to improved membrane performance during FO tests. Meanwhile, after adding PVP, the TFC membranes exhibited good water flux, and excellent specific reverse salt flux. For instance, the TFC-M2 exhibited 9.10/20.67 LMH water flux, 1.35/2.24 gMH reverse salt flux, and 0.15/0.11 g/L specific reverse salt flux in FO/pressure-retarded osmosis mode while using 1 M NaCl as the draw solution and deionized (DI) water as the feed solution.
A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation Studies of Drug-Based Non-Malignant Chronic Pain Treatment
Authors: Backhaus Insa , Mannocci Alice , La Torre Giuseppe 
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective:Chronic pain is a highly prevalent problem, involving high costs and seriously affecting a patient's quality of life. This review aimed to systematically review economic evaluations of pharmacological-based treatments for non-malignant chronic pain and to compare different treatment approaches with regard to their economic profile.Methods:PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched in April 2016. Studies were included if quality-adjusted life years and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were reported. Quality assessment was carried out by using La Torre’s weighted scale on the Drummond checklist. Costs were converted into US$2014.Results:Fourteen economic evaluations met the inclusion criteria. Three treatment categories identified were: opioids, anticonvulsants, and anti-depressants. Compared to anticonvulsants and antidepressant, opioids had lower ICER. Transdermal buprenorphine showed an ICER of about US$11,000.00 while pregabalin showed an ICER of US$19,200. Studies included showed a diversity of methodological approaches, such as different modeling approaches and different perspectives (NHS and private payer).Conclusion:There are limitations to the success of making appropriate recommendations about which treatment is most cost-effective due to considerable variability between treatments, pain syndromes, and drug dosages. Opioids may have lower ICER, but the societal implications of the opioid epidemic and overdose deaths should be taken into account when coming to general conclusions about their cost-effectiveness. To ensure correct resource allocation as well as the best benefit for patients, uniform and standardized approaches of cost and outcome measurement in economic evaluations of chronic are needed.