bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The in vivo detection and measurement of the unfolded protein response in recombinant cellulase producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Cedras Gillian , Kroukamp Heinrich , Van Zyl Willem Heber , Den Haan Riaan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses industrially desirable traits for ethanol production and has been engineered for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of lignocellulosic biomass through heterologous cellulase expression. However, S. cerevisiae produces low titers of cellulases and one suspected reason for this is that heterologous proteins induce the unfolded protein response (UPR). Current methods of measuring the UPR are RNA based and can be inconsistent and cumbersome. We developed vector‐based biosensors that will detect and quantify UPR activation. The vector consisted of either the Trichoderma reesei xylanase 2 or codon optimized green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter genes under the control of the S. cerevisiae PHAC1 or PKAR2 promoters. The eGFP reporter under control of PKAR2 was identified as the preferred combination due to its superior dynamic range and its greater sensitivity when measuring UPR induction in cellulase producing strains. To our knowledge, we show for the first time that significant UPR activation differences could consistently be observed for different cellulase candidate genes unlike previous RNA‐based tests, which were unable to detect these differences. The ability to quantify UPR induction will assist in identifying candidate cellulase genes that do not greatly induce the UPR, making them favorable for use in CBP yeasts.
Children's physiological reactivity in emotion contexts and prosocial behavior
Authors: Coulombe Brianne R. , Rudd Kristen L. , Yates Tuppett M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionBuilding on prior evidence that prosocial behavior is related to the regulation of personal distress in difficult situations, and given that physiological regulation is a central contributor to effective emotion regulation, this investigation evaluated whether and how children's autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity during emotion challenges influenced later expressions of prosocial behavior.MethodsThe current study utilized a diverse sample of school‐aged children (N = 169; 47.9% female; 47.3% Latinx) to evaluate relations between children's parasympathetic (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) and sympathetic (i.e., pre‐ejection period; PEP) reactivity in response to each of three film‐elicited emotion challenges (i.e., sadness, happiness, and fear) at age 7 and both observed and parent‐reported prosocial behavior one year later.ResultsChildren's parasympathetic reactivity to a film eliciting sadness evidenced a nonlinear relation with later prosocial sharing such that children who evidenced either RSA withdrawal or augmentation in response to the sad emotion challenge engaged in higher levels of prosocial behavior than children who evidenced relatively low or absent reactivity. Parasympathetic reactivity to films eliciting happiness or fear was not significantly related to later prosocial behavior. Likewise, children's sympathetic reactivity in response to the emotion challenges did not significantly predict later prosocial behavior.ConclusionsThese findings provide preliminary support for a nonlinear association between children's parasympathetic emotion reactivity and later prosocial behavior, and suggest that children's ANS regulation in sad emotion contexts may be particularly important for understanding prosocial development.
Heterogeneous nonataxic phenotypes of spinocerebellar ataxia in a Taiwanese population
Authors: Chen Szu‐Ju , Lee Ni‐Chung , Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Lin Chin‐Hsien 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) presents with variable clinical presentations in addition to ataxia. The aim of this study was to reappraise the diverse nonataxic clinical characteristics of the five most common SCA subtypes in the Asian population.MethodsThe clinical presentations of 90 patients with genetically confirmed SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, or SCA17 were assessed retrospectively between November 2008 and September 2018 at a tertiary referral center in Taiwan.ResultsParkinsonism was the most common nonataxic phenotype (21.1%), with a greater prevalence than Caucasian and other Asian SCA carriers. Patients with parkinsonism feature had fewer CAG repeats in SCA2 (31.0 ± 4.5 vs. 36.9 ± 6.0, p = .03) and SCA3 (65.6 ± 7.9 vs. 70.0 ± 4.2, p = .02) compared to those with pure ataxia presentation. The average age of symptom onset was significantly higher in the parkinsonism group of SCA2 (51.5 ± 8.9 vs. 35.3 ± 12.6 years, p = .007) than those with pure ataxia. Focal or segmental dystonia was identified in 4.4% of SCA patients (n = 2 each SCA2 and SCA3). Nonmotor symptoms, including impaired cognition (6.1% of SCA2 and 8.3% of SCA3 patients) and depression (9.1% of SCA2 and 8.3% of SCA3 patients), were also common nonataxic features in our SCA patients.ConclusionsParkinsonism, dystonia, and cognitive‐psychiatric symptoms are common features in patients with SCA mutations in our population. Our study identifies a different clinical spectrum of SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, and SCA17 compared to Caucasians.
Treatment of Recession Defects With Mucosal Access and Use of Soft Tissue Allograft: A Case Report of a Simplified Protocol
Authors: Clagett Ryan , Ogdon Dorothy , Kim Miyoung , Geisinger Maria L. 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionEsthetic and functional root coverage procedures using a variety of techniques and materials allow for predictable outcomes in Miller Class I and II defects, but may be accompanied by high levels of postoperative discomfort and lengthy intrasurgical time. Current techniques may also require a steep practitioner learning curve, cumbersome intrasurgical steps, and their use in challenging clinical situations, e.g. multiple adjacent recession defects, limited vestibular depth, and anatomical limitations can prove difficult. This report introduces the side access mucosal releasing incision (SAMRI) technique as an innovative and simplified method to perform mucosal‐access root coverage procedures.Case PresentationA 42‐year‐old female presents with 3 to 4 mm of gingival recession at #9‐11 and opts for treatment with a vestibular approach and acellular dermal matrix graft to avoid a secondary surgical site.ConclusionSAMRI procedure allows for optimal root coverage and esthetic results while limiting intrasurgical time and postoperative patient morbidity.
Use of Collagen Matrix Scaffolds as a Substitute for Soft Tissue Augmentation: Case Series
Authors: Ghadri Najib , Livada Rania , Abhyankar Vrushali , Binkley Les H. , Bland Paul S. , Shiloah Jacob 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionThe presence of keratinized mucosa (KM) around natural teeth is believed to be beneficial in certain restorative, prosthetic, and orthodontic situations. Lack of adequate KM is common and predictably treated by autogenous gingival grafts (AGGs); however, AGGs have the disadvantages of harvest site morbidity, limited donor site availability, and compromised esthetics.Case PresentationThis case series presents the use of the xenogeneic porcine bilayer collagen matrix (BCM) in increasing the width of attached KM around natural teeth. Patients with a limited amount of KM, shallow vestibule, and aberrant frenum attachment were treated using this graft material. The patients were followed up to 4.5 years postoperatively and were evaluated regarding the amount of KM, gingival margin stability, and tissue esthetics.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the sample size of patients in this report, the BCM appears to be a viable alternative option to AGG for increasing the width of KM gingiva around teeth. This method resulted in gain of KM, gingival margin stability, vestibular deepening, aberrant frenum elimination, and favorable esthetics in terms of color matching, texture, and contour blending. This xenogeneic graft material could be used in cases where the autogenous graft supply is limited or in highly esthetically demanding cases. Additionally, it could be an alternative option when a second surgical site is not desired by the patient or a less invasive procedure is preferred by the clinician in certain medical conditions. Well‐controlled long‐term studies are required to validate our limited clinical observations.
Aerobic Tetrazine‐Catalyzed Oxidative Nitroso‐Diels‐Alder Reaction of N‐Arylhydroxylamines with Dienecarbamates: Access to Functionalized 1,6‐Dihydro‐1,2‐oxazines
Authors: Le Tuan , Courant Thibaut , Merad Jérémy , Allain Clémence , Audebert Pierre , Masson Géraldine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new organocatalytic and environmentally friendly aerobic oxidative‐catalyzed nitroso‐Diels‐Alder (NDA) reaction of N‐arylhydroxylamines with dienecarbamates has been developed. 3,6‐Bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy)‐s‐tetrazine was found to be an effective catalyst to selectively oxidize various N‐arylhydroxylamines in the presence of molecular oxygen, but in the absence of photostimulation, as a terminal oxidant. In addition, active catalytic species can be generated in situ from commercially available 3,6‐dichlorotetrazine.
Stovner Tower – accessible pedestrian walkway
Authors: Mo Gaute , Opgård Birger , Cámara Altea 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe Stovner Tower forms part of an activity park in the Stovner district of Oslo. The tower, providing a serpentine walkway through the tree tops with a maximum height of 15m, is designed to be universally accessible. The route is based on a series of straight lengths connected with abrupt changes of direction based on a turning radius of 4m or 7.5m. The 2m wide walkway has an overall length of 270m with a constant 1:15 slope. There are four intermediate horizontal platforms intended as relaxation and viewing areas. Each platform is of variable size with minimum and maximum dimensions of 5.1m and 7.1m respectively. The principal deck structure is steel, formed from a central tube with a diameter of 750mm. The tube is made up of a series of 2m long segments which are faceted as the walkway changes direction. Steel cantilever ribs are located at 1.5m centres to support both the solid timber decking and the 1.3m high guardrail. The central steel tube is supported at multiple locations by tripod columns formed from three glulam timber sections. The GL32c glulam columns vary in size from 200×200mm to 350×350mm depending on their height. The timber columns are anchored directly to the bedrock located close to the surface in this area. Steel walkway sections were shop welded in transportable lengths with bolted connections for on site. Timber to steel connections are also bolted. Steel is painted for corrosion protection. All timber, both solid C24 for decking and glulam columns, is treated for external use. A 3D SAP2000 FE model was used for verifications including a buckling analysis for the slender timber columns and a modal analysis to check for frequencies that would make the structure susceptible to pedestrian‐induced vibrations.
Boomerang and Jungle pedestrian bridges in Oslo
Authors: Mo Gaute , Rando Mario , Overton Kathleen 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe Boomerang and Jungle pedestrian bridges form part of a new pedestrian and cycle path, passing through an urban forest and over the Outer Ring Road to the east of Oslo. The main goal for the design team was to integrate the bridges' architecture within the natural environment and to cause the minimum impact during the construction period. The 85m long Boomerang Bridge crosses the ring road with a 22.5m span. In total the bridge comprises of four spans, with a continuous steel box girder of asymmetric cross‐section. The three intermediate supports are slender, circular steel hollow sections to have minimal architectural impact on the surrounding forest. The bridge is fabricated from Cor‐ten weathering steel to avoid the need for painting and to minimise future maintenance. The bridge railings are vertical Cor‐ten steel plates topped with a stainless‐steel handrail. A notable feature of the erection process was that the traffic on the road below the bridge was maintained throughout. The Jungle Bridge is a simple suspension bridge spanning 36m over a small river. The main structural elements are parabolic, locked coil cables, four at deck level and two at handrail level. The 2m wide deck is formed from slip‐resistant perforated steel panels, supported off a laterally stiff steel framing system, based on a 1.5m modulation of crossbeams and handrail posts. The design intent was to maximize the use of prefabricated lightweight elements to facilitate the bridge erection and minimize the impact on the natural environment. Elements are hot‐dip galvanised for corrosion protection. Due to the lightness of the bridge a detailed analysis of the accelerations due to pedestrian‐induced vibrations was performed to assess the comfort level for bridge users. The project won in 2017 the Norwegian Steel Construction Award and is nominated for the World Architecture News’ Best Bridge Award 2017.
Väster pedestrian and cycle bridge
Authors: Mo Gaute , Ibáñez Fernando , Werme Göran , Hermansson Henrik , Eriksson Johan 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis pedestrian and cycle bridge spans the river in Eskilsuna connecting the historic industrial area of Munktellstaden with the town centre, forming part of a rehabilitation of the area. The bridge was completed in 2016 on behalf of the Eskilstuna municipality. The final design was chosen from three alternatives presented by the design team to the municipality; the Landmark, the Industrial and the Transparent. All three options proposed were of steel, and all designs had to provide a 4.5m free deck width, maintain an unobstructed navigation channel of 5m wide by 3.35m high and a maximum slope of 5%. The Landmark proposal was an asymmetric cable stayed bridge with a 27m high, A‐shaped, inclined steel pylon located on one bank with two planes of cables towards the steel deck and one plane of cables towards the back anchorage. The Industrial proposal was a variable height optimized truss. The two lateral trusses, also forming the guardrail, were inclined outwards to provide a sensation of openness to the bridge user. The design finally chosen by the client was the Transparent. This bridge, unlike the other two, has two supports within the river that allows for a very slender deck. There is a central, low arch spanning 32m and an overall length of 65m. The arches are formed from two inclined box sections which are slightly curved on plan towards the supports. The railing is made up of a series of thin, steel plates connected via a stainless‐steel handrail. The overall effect of transparency thus allows for a largely unobstructed view along the river. Due to the slender deck section a detailed dynamic analysis was carried out to check for possible pedestrian‐induced vibrations.
Analysis and Load Rating of Corrugated Steel Arch Culverts
Authors: Xu Chao , Peiris Abheetha , Harik Issam 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTCulverts are typically used as short span bridge substitutes for spans less 50 ft (15 m). The corrugated metal arch culvert (CMAC) is one of the most popular types, which is frequently installed under highways, airport pavements and railroad tracks. For the purpose of validating the service conditions of CMAC, a load rating method is developed in this study based on AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation. The rating factors (RFs) for culverts are derived to verify the capacity of the culverts to carry current standard truck loads. In order to carry out the load rating, a finite element model of the CMAC is developed for analysing the axial thrust of the culvert wall when subjected to static and dynamic moving truck loads. A method to calculate the CMAC wall thrust capacity is derived by summarizing existing capacity calculation approaches for arch culvert and corrugated metal plates.
Successful Moveable Bridges: A description of 5 Successful Moveable Danish Bridges
Authors: Thomsen Kjeld , Petersen Christian Riis 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT:The present paper describes developments in the design of the most common types of movable bridges – Bascule bridges and Swing Bridges. The selection of design concepts is influenced by span, foundation conditions as well as environmental issues. Application of modern hydraulic systems and innovative bearing types for swing bridges facilitate the creation of outstanding designs. Recently built movable bridges in Denmark exemplifies the trend and how application of modern technology and creativity can lead to outstanding solutions. There are many governing parameters such as the main dimension and loading conditions. Equally important issues such as surroundings, landscape, foundation conditions, requirement to low weight, achievable tolerances and from a mechanical point of view, the operation time, risk assessment, mechanical‐ and electrical systems and the requirement to operation time and maintenance cost, will have influence on the machinery and the architectural and structural design. For each of the moveable bridges described, it is shown how innovative application of modern bearing concepts and hydraulic systems can lead to elegant and cost‐effective solutions.
Hjulstabron (Hjulsta bridge), Sweden
Authors: Top Reinald , ten Wolde Leo , Visser Wouter 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIn Sweden, the existing Hjulsta bridge that connects Norrköping to Uppsala via the Highway 55 needs to be replaced by a new bridgeas shown in Fig. 1. ZJA Zwarts & Jansma Architects, together with Bosch Slabbers Landscape + Urban Design (landscape architects) and Iv‐Consult (engineering consultancy) formed a Dutch design and engineering team that collaborated with NRC Infrapro and the Swedish Transport Administration to formulate the specifics of the bridge. The subsequent concept design brought all requirements together, resulting in a beautiful slender steel bridge both with regards to the fixed deck as well as the moveable part.
Maintenance free corrosion protection for composite bridges with hot‐rolled sections
Authors: Rademacher Dennis 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIncreasing problems in terms of damages on bridges correlated with partly massive long‐term impacts on road traffic have shown how essential it is to ensure the durability of the infrastructure and thus the mobility of people as well as the exchange of goods. Corrosion damages can be sustainably avoided in future by alternative protection systems for steel and composite bridges. Both the hot‐dip galvanizing with a layer thickness of at least 200 μm as well as weathering steel offer crucial advantages over traditionally used coating systems considering the whole life cycle of the bridge: they require no maintenance and hence traffic interferences can be avoided. When using these systems in combination with hot‐rolled sections, there are further significant advantages in making composite bridges more economical and durable, particularly in the field of short and medium spans. Standard higher strengths with steel grade S460 allow for more economical cross‐sections with weight savings in steel construction of often 20–30% over welded built‐up sections in S355.
Digital Roads: New Potentials for Assessing the Structural Behaviour of Steel and Composite Bridges
Authors: Kraus Matthias , Wittor Björn 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe maintenance management of bridges requires a comprehensive analysis of loads and load capacities as well as the detection of any damage. Nowadays, sensor systems are available to measure certain reactions of structures for capturing the structural behaviour. In order to obtain an overview on the overall performance, extensive information is required on the loads acting to the structure during the measuring time and at best the whole lifecycle (weight, position, speed, acceleration). However, traffic monitoring does not cover all relevant data.Due to digitization and automation, more and more cars are equipped with extensive sensor systems and in future, sensors may also be integrated in roads and road‐side units. By networking all systems, that is the monitoring system of a structure with car and road sensor systems, it is possible to obtain new information. It would for instance be possible to inform vehicles about the road situation ahead and, secondly, the structure about approaching vehicles and corresponding stress states. Thus, it is also possible to develop prognosis programs revealing the building reaction to higher traffic densities or extreme situations and initiate any preventions which avert or mitigate the situation. In addition, more precise predictions on the structural health of a bridge regarding fatigue influences and life expectancy are possible. In this contribution, new potentialities for steel and composite bridges are presented focusing on benefits of certain sensor‐systems integrated in roads.
College of Falkonergården, Frederiksberg, Denmark: Structural and architecturally innovative multifunctional steel hall
Authors: Vanggaard Ole , Weidemann Hans Chr. , Nordestgaard Peter Madsen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe new multifunctional hall of Falkonergårdens Gymnasium and the associated foyer opened in 2015 and can be used by up to 1,000 people. The same year, it was awarded a prize by Frederiksberg Municipality as one of the city's finest buildings. In 2016, the building also received this year's “Store Arne”, awarded annually by the Danish Association of Architects for work that raises the standards of architecture in Copenhagen.The ‘multihall’ for Falkonergården in Copenhagen has a covered steel structure. It is a structure that maximizes the use of the shape with interacting plate action and “membrane” action in the cylindrical walls. The basic structural behavior is without use of primary structural members in bending. It has an orthogonal space structure for the upper roof; it has no horizontal bracing, but is only stabilized for horizontal shear forces by a closed kidney‐shaped ring beam without bending. The structural spaceframe roof has maximized the production possibility of the use of large fully fabric‐welded trusses bolted together on site with welded plane cross members. The structural design of the roof space frame allowed erection in only two days without use of scaffolding. Very simple structural freeware has been a help in the sketch design stage.The aim of the steel design was to find a synthesis of architecture, structural behavior, productivity and buildability. It was a very challenging job, although full understanding is only for people with X‐ray eyes! (Fig. 1 and 2).