bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First identification of Sarcocystis arctica in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in China with annotations on closely related species in carnivore intermediate hosts
Authors: Liao Zhe , Zhu Niuping , Yang Yurong , Jäkel Thomas , Hu Junjie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Sarcocystis
spp. are cyst-forming, intracellular protozoan parasites that are transmitted between hosts linked through a predator-prey relationship. There was only one previous report describing cysts of Sarcocystis in the musculature of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), and the species was designated to be S. felis because of morphological similarity to this species. However, no nucleotide sequences of genetic markers for the parasite in cheetahs are presently provided to serve as references.
Methods
Light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to morphologically characterize the sarcocysts isolated from muscular tissues of cheetahs died in zoos in Zhengzhou city, China. Meanwhile, four marker genes (nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-1, and mitochondrial cox1) of the sarcocysts were amplified, sequenced and analyzed.
Results
Only one type of sarcocyst was observed in two out of six cheetahs. Under LM, the sarcocyst wall was striated and 1.4–2.3 µm thick. Ultrastructurally, the wall had irregular-shaped, small villous protrusions resembling wall type 9c, similar to those of S. arctica, S. caninum and S. felis. Molecularly, the samples shared their highest identity values with those of S. arctica and S. caninum: 99.9–100% and 99.8–100% (18S rRNA), 99.5% and 99.3–99.5% (28S rRNA), 95.9–97.5% and 96.3–97.3% (ITS-1), and 99.6% and 99.2–99.7% (cox1), respectively. Compared to ITS-1 of S. felis, identities ranged between 87.5% and 88.9%. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed the newly-sequenced Sarcocystis clustered with S. arctica and S. caninum, whereby S. felis (ITS-1) and S. canis (ITS-1, 18s rRNA, cox1) were sister species.
Conclusions
We regard the Sarcocystis samples to represent S. arctica, which is the first record of a Sarcocystis species believed specific for canids as intermediate hosts to infect a feline host. The occurrence of S. arctica in a feline carnivore suggests a broader intermediate host range for this Sarcocystis species for which predatory birds are likely definitive hosts. Furthermore, our study supports the notion that S. caninum is conspecific with S. arctica.
Oriented Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images using Deep Learning: A Survey
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Zi , Li Zhang , Su Ang , Teng Xichao , Pan Erting , Liu Minhao , Yu Qifeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Oriented object detection is one of the most fundamental and challenging tasks in remote sensing, aiming to locate and classify objects with arbitrary orientations.Recent advancements in deep learning have significantly enhanced the capabilities of oriented object detection.Given the rapid development of this field, this paper presents a comprehensive survey of recent advances in oriented object detection.To be specific, we begin by tracing the technical evolution from horizontal object detection to oriented object detection and higlighting the specific challenges, including feature misalignment, spatial misalignment, and oriented bounding box (OBB) regression problems.Subsequently, we further categorize existing methods into detection framework, OBB regression, and feature representations, and providing an in-depth discussion on how these approaches address the above challenges.In addition, we cover several publicly available datasets and performance evaluation protocols.Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive comparison and analysis of state-of-the-art methods.Toward the end of this paper, we identify several future directions for oriented object detection.
How Long-term Care Insurance Coverage of Dementia would Impact Healthcare Utilization and Expenditure of People with Disability and Dementia: A Triple Difference Analysis.
Authors: He Qianyu , Zhou Yujing , Ye Bei , Chan Wing Kit , Liao Jing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite dementia is becoming a major public health issue in China, only few long-term care pilot cities have incorporated dementia into the coverage of its insurance. This study examined the impact of long-term care insurance (LTCI) coverage for dementia on beneficiaries’ healthcare utilization and expenditure.
Methods
Utilizing data from 12 first-round LTCI pilot cities surveyed in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2018), we employed a quasi-experimental triple difference model to assess the impact of the LTCI policy that covered people with dementia (PwDs) on healthcare utilization and expenditure. We compared differences between PwDs in LTCI pilot cities with dementia coverage vs. those without, eligible vs. ineligible for LTCI, and before vs. after LTCI implementation. Robustness test and validity test were used to validate the results.
Results
Statistically significant increase in healthcare utilization, in terms of inpatient but not outpatient services, among PwDs in cities eligible for LTCI coverage was detected, which was 1.5 times higher (P < 0.001) than their counterparts in cities without. On the other hand, non-significant change in healthcare expenditure measured by out-of-pocket expenses was found. Consistent results showed in the robustness test, and the validity of triple-difference method was confirmed.
Conclusions
Our study showed that expanding LTCI coverage for PwDs may stimulate their essential inpatient services utilization, while control the associated expenses paid by them. These findings suggest LTCI policy should strengthen its coverage and insurance benefit standards to better meet the healthcare needs of PwDs.
User Voice Mining and Prediction: Topic Evolution and Prediction on E-commerce Using Hybrid BERTopic-LDA-RF Model
Authors: Wei Mengdi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study addresses significant gaps in the analysis of user-generated content on e-commerce platforms, particularly regarding the limitations of traditional topic modeling methods like Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Existing methodologies often overlook the complexities of consumer sentiment and fail to capture the dynamic evolution of topics over time. To address these challenges, we propose the BERTopic-LDA-RF hybrid model, which combines the contextual strengths of BERTopic with LDA's topic refinement capabilities and integrates predictive analytics through Random Forests. Our findings demonstrate that this hybrid model significantly enhances topic coherence and the ability to track topic evolution, providing a nuanced understanding of shifting consumer preferences. Furthermore, the model's predictive capabilities empower businesses to anticipate future trends based on historical data, transforming it into a strategic asset for decision-making. This study contributes to both theoretical frameworks in NLP and practical applications in e-commerce, facilitating more informed and agile business strategies.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas of the Canine Peri-implantitis Reveals stromal–immune cells interaction
Authors: Wang Ming , Liao Chunhui , Wu Daner , Geng Ningbo , Xia Yixin , Chen Yu , Peng Wei , Chen Songling 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Most current research has focused on the entire periodontal tissue, which restricts a comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity between gingiva and bone tissues, and hinders the development of targeted host therapies for peri-implantitis. To uncover the pathogenic mechanisms of peri-implantitis, our study employed a tissue-specific approach to investigate the interactions between stromal and immune cells in gingiva and bone tissues separately, using single-cell sequencing techniques. This strategy aims to develop the insights of the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis, providing a scientific basis for the treatment of peri-implantitis.
Methods
Single-cell RNA sequencing transcriptomics profiling was conducted on samples from peri-implantitis-affected and healthy beagle dogs. Flow cytometry was utilized to further verify the identified subclusters and their involvement in peri-implantitis.
Results
In peri-implantitis, inflammation-associated cells increased, exhibiting distinct subclusters in gingival and bone tissues. In gingival tissues, IL6+ endothelial cells, IL18BP+ endothelial cells, and CXCL8+ fibroblasts played significant roles. APOD+ fibroblasts were predominantly found in bone tissues, while SFN+ fibroblasts were present in both tissues. Additionally, a unique ligand-receptor pair, C3 (APOD+ fibroblast) – C3AR1 (Monocyte/ Macrophage), was identified in bone tissue.
Conclusions
Stromal cells exert distinct regulatory influences on immune cells in gingival and bone tissues during peri-implantitis, offering new perspectives for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.
Lightweight 3D Human Pose Estimation and Visualization System Using Encoding-Decoding BlazePose+SYS
Authors: Liu Hui , Li HuLing , Aboduaini Yiliyasi , Tang Dandan , Wang Jiaqi , Sen Gan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Human pose estimation (HPE) is a fundamental problem in computer vision, aiming to obtain the spatial coordinates of human joints from images or videos. Despite significant progress, traditional methods often struggle with real-time performance due to their computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a lightweight 3D human pose estimation and visualization system based on the BlazePose+SYS model, which employs an encoding-decoding architecture. Our system can detect human key points and reconstruct 3D human poses in real-time, providing high-precision and real-time solutions for various applications such as action recognition, virtual reality, and sports training. By discarding the heatmap branch during inference, our model achieves lightweight performance suitable for mobile devices and edge computing environments. Experimental results on public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our system in real-time human pose estimation tasks. This work contributes to advancing the field of HPE by providing a practical and efficient solution.
Numerical Modelling for Piles in Gypseous Collapsible Soils Subjected to Axial Load
Authors: Mohsen A. H. , Albusoda B. S. , Baker J. , Mashhour I. , I.M Hanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Piles installed in collapsible soils experience negative skin friction that develops along the pile’s shaft, which reduces the pile capacity and increases its settlement. The negative skin friction is developed due to inundation of the ground and indirect loading (surcharge). A 3-D numerical model was developed using the finite element technique and the commercial software “PLAXIS 3D” to simulate the case of piles embedded in gypseous collapsible soil, overlying dense sand deposits. The objective of this investigation is to examine the developed negative skin friction for a given pile under the effecting of the loading, and soil condition after conducting pile load test. And accordingly, to determine the location of the neutral plane. In this investigation, the pile’s tip was located at the interface of the dense sand deposit, or at 5D higher or lower the interface. Piles were subjected to surcharge load of 50, 100, or 400 kPa and the axial load of 50–100% of the allowable axial load on the pile. The results were presented in the form of the changing (reduction) in the value of negative skin friction as well as the variation in the neutral plane location The maximum drag load reduction was recorded along the pile embedded in the dense sand layer with a depth equal to five times the pile diameter and subjected to a surcharge of 400 kPa under an axial load of 100% of the allowable load.
Linking larval experiences of the crown-of-thorns sea star to early benthic success: carryover effects of freshening on metamorphosis and the early juvenile.
Authors: Clements Matthew , Byrne Maria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The environmental experiences of marine invertebrate larvae can affect their later life stage performance, subsequently influencing population regulation, as posited for the crown-of-thorns sea star (CoTS; Acanthasterspp.) by the terrestrial runoff hypothesis (TRH). The TRH proposes that eutrophic river runoff plumes boost larval phytoplankton food levels, enhancing metamorphic success to the juvenile to seed outbreaks. However, runoff plumes also freshen seawater which can be deleterious to sea star larvae. For settlement-ready brachiolaria larvae of CoTS, the impact of decreased salinity (17-34 ‰) across a range of exposure durations on survival and normal development were assessed. Salinity performance curves were generated to identify salinity levels with deleterious effects (tipping points, 50% normal development and survival). Decreasing salinity and prolonged exposure significantly reduced larval survival and morphology, with salinity ranges optimal for survival and normal morphology decreasing with exposure time. To examine carryover effects on metamorphosis and juvenile production, competent larvae exposed to salinities seen in runoff plumes (25-34 ‰) on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) were induced to settle. Juvenile production was highest in slightly reduced (30 ‰) and control (34 ‰) salinity treatments, with faster transition to the juvenile under extended 30 ‰ exposures. However by 5-days post settlement juveniles produced by larvae that had experienced 30‰ were smaller indicating the presence of negative carry over traits that reduce juvenile quality. This highlights the need to consider metamorphic transitions when evaluating the TRH, particularly as climate change intensifies low-salinity events on the GBR.
Nano-sized heterogeneous photocatalyst Fe 3 O 4 @V/TiO 2 -catalyzed synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of 2-substituted benzimidazoles
Authors: Bao Lijian , Chen Xiaodong , Li Yanli , Zhu Guangyuan , Wang Jingjun , Chen Mingyue , Bian Xingyu , Gu Qiang , Zhang Yumin , Lin Feng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The method for coating Fe3O4 with V-doped TiO2 was presented. On the base of characterizing composition, morphology and properties, the prepared nano-sized Fe3O4@V/TiO2 composites were used as a heterogeneous photocatalyst to catalyze the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles under light. The photocatalyst Fe3O4@V/TiO2 composites showed the enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to no V-doped Fe3O4@TiO2, being able to yield various 2-substituted benzimidazoles in moderate to good yield with recyclability and stability. A possible photocatalysis mechanism was investigated. It was evident that holes, singlet oxygen and ∙O2̄ radical played important roles in the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole. Moreover, some of the obtained products were proved to have excellent antibacterial activity.
Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan as Treatment and Long-term Management of Peptic Ulcer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lanari Valeria Chiara , Govindarajan Karthikeyan , Iftikhar Munazza , Knapper Laura Grace , Khan Awais Ahmed , Rehman Muhammad Inhamur , Saddique Muhammad Nabeel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has a prevalence of 5-10% and an annual incidence of 0.1-0.3% worldwide. Etiology involves H. pylori infection (60-90%) and chronic use of NSAIDs (15-30%). Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs), alone or in combination with other drugs, currently represent the first line therapy for both H. pylori- and NSAID-related PUD. This review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of Vonoprazan, an orally available potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), for the treatment and management of PUD.
Methods: We performed a systematic literature search of randomized controlled trials and observational studies on PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov databases from inception to October 1, 2024. We pooled dichotomous outcomes as risk ratio and continuous outcomes as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals, using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² and X² statistics. Statistical significance was defined by a p-value <0.05. All analyses were performed with RevMan 5.4.
Results: This meta-analysis included 6 RCT involving 2656 patients, divided into three partially overlapping subgroups: ulcer healing (1108), recurrence (1263), and re-bleeding in high-risk patients (214). 1668 were males, mean age was 61.6 years, 60.74% were H. pylori-positive, 60.55% had a chronic use of NSAIDs. Vonoprazan was at least equal to PPIs in all efficacy outcomes, including healing rate (RR=0.98, 95% CI 0.95–1.01, I2=0%), 30-day re-bleeding in high-risk peptic ulcers (RR=0.67, 95% CI 0.29–1.58, I2=0%), and resolution of PUD-related symptoms. Vonoprazan caused an increased level of gastrin at 8 (mean difference to comparison 20mg: 283.34, 95% CI=122.89–443.79, I2=87%; 10mg: 222.81, 95% CI=177.42–268.21, I2=0%) and 24 weeks (20mg: 386.24, 95% CI=325.48–447.00, I2=0%; 10mg: 258.33, 95% CI=205.33–311.33, I2=0%).
Conclusion: Vonoprazan is a non-inferior alternative to PPIs in the treatment and management of PUD in terms of efficacy and safety.
Dynamic Syntax Interaction Framework with Multi-Layer Syntax Engagement for Large Language Models
Authors: Amizern Valentin , Greaves Jonathan , Gauthier Christian , Stern Emmanuel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence applications in language-based tasks has exposed limitations in syntactic comprehension, especially in handling intricate, multi-layered syntactical structures essential for complex language understanding. Addressing these gaps, the proposed Dynamic Syntax Interaction Framework introduces a novel, multi-layered approach to syntactic engagement, enabling language models to process complex linguistic constructs through a dynamic interaction with syntactic layers. By integrating advanced syntactic processing modules, adaptive attention mechanisms, and a continuous feedback loop, the framework substantially enhances language models' capacity for syntactic fidelity and contextual relevance across a range of tasks. Experimental outcomes demonstrate significant improvements in syntactic accuracy, contextual coherence, and language generation fluency, demonstrating the framework's impact on overcoming traditional barriers in language comprehension. The implications of this syntactically aware framework extend across automated language applications, from content generation and translation to tasks demanding high levels of linguistic precision, marking a critical advancement in artificial intelligence-driven language comprehension and generation.
Comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of non-immunogenic staphylokinase and alteplase in bridging therapy of ischemic stroke
Authors: Kazakov S. D. , Plotnikov D. M. , Kanev A. F. , Kamenskih E. M. , Alifirova V. M. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Bridging therapy is the main method of treating ischemic stroke (IS) due to proximal occlusion, the effectiveness of which depends on the speed of its implementation. It is possible to increase the speed of systemic thrombolytic therapy (STT) and reduce the delay before mechanical thrombectomy (MT) by using bolus forms of thrombolytic drugs.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using non-immunogenic staphylokinase compared to alteplase in bridging therapy of IS in real clinical practice of a regional stroke center (RSC).Materials and methods. A retrospective study of the combined use of STT and MT for the treatment of IS due to proximal occlusion was conducted from the reperfusion therapy registry of the RSC of the Tomsk Regional Clinical Hospital from 2017 to 2023. The final analysis included 49 patients who received non-immunogenic staphylokinase and 26 patients who received alteplase.Results. The time between the stages of bridging therapy was 92.0 [65.0–130.0] min in the non-immunogenic staphylokinase group and 35.0 [25.0–50.0] min in the alteplase group (p < 0.001). No intergroup differences were found in the incidence of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation: 8.1% in the non-immunogenic staphylokinase group and 3.8% in the alteplase group (p = 0.476). Mortality in both groups did not differ significantly and was 30.6% and 26.9%, respectively. Favorable functional outcome was observed in 40.8% of patients in the non-immunogenic staphylokinase group and in 23.1% in the alteplase group (p = 0.151).Conclusion. Comparable efficacy and safety of non-immunogenic staphylokinase and alteplase in the context of staged reperfusion therapy were revealed. The use of non-immunogenic staphylokinase is associated with a decrease in the time between the stages of bridging therapy.
Somatic and neurological comorbidities in COVID-19 with fatal outcome
Authors: Ignatieva O. I. , Sergachev A. V. , Pavelkina V. F. , Ignatiev V. N. , Erovichenkov A. A. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Although the risk of emerging coronavirus infection may seem to have disappeared at first glance, SARS-COV-2 has complex and poorly understood effects on many organ systems, including the nervous system. Disease progression and unfavorable outcome COVID-19 are not only due to lung damage, elderly age, concomitant pathology: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, etc. have a significant impact.Aim. To study the structure of mortality in a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, caused by delta strain of coronavirus SARS- CoV-2, taking into account the nature of concomitant therapeutic and neurological pathology, the degree of comorbidity, fatal complications, and sex and age characteristics.Materials and methods. A postmortem analysis of pathological and anatomical conclusions of 209 patients with COVID-19 with comorbid somatic and neurological pathology who received inpatient treatment in covid hospitals of the Republic of Mordovia in 2021 was performed. The severity of the underlying disease, concomitant therapeutic and neurological pathology, and comorbidity were analysed. The coincidence of the final clinical and pathological diagnoses, fatal complications were assessed. The presented data allowed to identify the main factors of unfavourable outcome.Results and discussion. In unfavourable outcome of the disease, concomitant pathology is represented by hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, chronic cerebral ischemia. In women, cases of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis were more frequent, in men – hypertension and chronic heart failure.Conclusions. New coronavirus COVID-19 infection associated with delta strain of SARS-COV-2 virus is characterised by severe and extremely severe course in elderly patients with comorbid somatic and neurological pathology.