bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservation of categorical perception for speech in autism with and without speech onset delay
Authors: Chiodo Liliane , Mottron Laurent , Majerus Steve 
Published: June 2019

Recent accounts of autistic perception, including Bayesian accounts, hypothesize a reduced influence of prior knowledge on perception across different domains in the autism spectrum (AS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of prior linguistic knowledge, in the form of phonemic categorical knowledge, on speech perception in adults with AS condition. As phonemic categorical knowledge is shaped by language experience and abilities, we furthermore distinguished AS participants with (AS‐SOD) or without a history of speech onset delay (AS‐noSOD); the control group comprises typical individuals matched for age, nonverbal intelligence, and reading abilities. We also controlled for the influence of auditory‐verbal short‐term retention capacities by administering word list and nonword list repetition tasks. We did not observe any reduced influence of prior phonemic knowledge on the perception of speech stimuli nor did we observed any increased perceptual abilities for atypical variants of speech stimuli or nonspeech auditory stimuli, either between the two autistic groups or relative to the control group. Short‐term memory abilities appeared to be superior in the AS‐noSOD group relative to the AS‐SOD and control groups, but this strength could be accounted for by their higher vocabulary knowledge. The preservation of categorical perception in verbal autistic adults observed in this study challenges models claiming a reduced influence of prior knowledge on perception across domains in the AS. Autism Res 2019. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryA reduced influence of prior knowledge has been considered to characterize perceptual abilities in people with autism. In this article, we examine this claim by assessing nonlinguistic and linguistic auditory perception abilities in adults with autism, and by further distinguishing between autism with or without a history of delayed language development. We did not observe any reduced influence of prior language knowledge on the perception of speech stimuli nor did we observe any increased perceptual abilities for atypical variants of speech stimuli or nonspeech auditory stimuli, and this relative to a control group matched on age, nonverbal intellectual efficiency, and reading abilities. Our results challenge models claiming a reduced influence of prior knowledge on perception across domains in the AS.
Occurrence of culturableLegionella pneumophilain drinking water distribution systems
Authors: LeChevallier Mark W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA prior study of 12 potable water distribution systems detectedLegionella pneumophilain only one of 576 samples (0.17%), but the survey was conducted during winter and spring months when water temperatures were generally below 15°C (LeChevallier,AWWA Water Science2019, e1122). Ten of the utilities agreed to participate in a second round of testing during the summer and early fall months when water temperatures averaged 23°C (average temperatures ranged from 14 to 29°C).L. pneumophilawas enumerated using the Legiolert assay. A total of 669 samples were analyzed during the study: 50 source water samples, 46 from the plant effluent, and 573 from the distribution system.L. pneumophilawas detected in two source water samples and not detected in any of the treated plant effluent samples.L. pneumophilawas detected in 14 distribution system samples, 13 from free chlorinated systems and one from a chloraminated system. All occurrences ofL. pneumophilawere observed when water temperatures were >18°C. Concentrations ofL. pneumophilawere <10 most probable number/100 mL except when chlorine residuals were less than 0.1 mg/L. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that water utilities maintain at least a 0.1 mg/L chlorine residual, particularly when water temperatures are >18°C.
Birth practices: Maternal‐neonate separation as a source of toxic stress
Authors: Bergman Nils J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMaternal‐neonate separation for human newborns has been the standard of care since the last century; low birth weight and preterm infants are still routinely separated from their mothers. With advanced technology, survival is good, but long‐term developmental outcomes are very poor for these especially vulnerable newborns. The poor outcomes are similar to those described for adversity in childhood, ascribed to toxic stress. Toxic stress is defined as the absence of the buffering protection of adult support. Parental absence has been strictly enforced in neonatal care units for many reasons and could lead to toxic stress. The understanding of toxic stress comes from discoveries about our genome and epigenetics, the microbiome, developmental neuroscience and the brain connectome, and life history theory. The common factor is the early environment that gives (a) signals to epigenes, (b) sensory inputs to neural circuits, and (c) experiences for reproductive fitness. For human newborns that environment is direct skin‐to‐skin contact from birth. Highly conserved neuroendocrine behaviors determined by environment are described in this review. The scientific rationale underlying skin‐to‐skin contact is presented: autonomic development and regulation of the physiology leads to emotional connection and achieving resilience. Maternal‐neonate separation prevents these critical neural processes from taking place, but also channel development into an alternative developmental strategy. This enables better coping in a stressful environment in the short term, but with permanently elevated stress systems that negatively impact mental and physical health in the long term. This may explain the increasing incidence of developmental problems in childhood, and also Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. Arguments are presented that maternal‐neonate separation is indeed a source of toxic stress, and some suggestions are offered toward a “zero separation” paradigm.
Transaminase‐Catalyzed Continuous Synthesis of Biogenic Aldehydes
Authors: Contente Martina L. , Paradisi Francesca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe physiological role of biogenic aldehydes, such as 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), has been associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. The availability of these substrates is limited and robust synthetic methodologies would greatly facilitate further biological studies. Herein, a transaminase‐mediated single‐step process in continuous mode, which leads to excellent product yields (90–95 %), is reported. Coimmobilization of the pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) cofactor eliminated the need for exogenous addition of this reagent without affecting the longevity of the system, delivering a truly self‐sufficient process.
Different Reactivity of Rutile and Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Surface States of Nanoparticles of Mixed‐Valence Magnéli Oxides
Authors: Baktash Elham , Capitolis Jérôme , Tinat Lionel , Larquet Clément , Chan Chang Tsou Hsi Camille , Gallet Jean‐Jacques , Bournel Fabrice , Sanchez Clément , Carenco Sophie , Portehault David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMagnéli phases TinO2n−1 (3<n≤10) are mixed Ti4+/Ti3+ oxides with high electrical conductivity. When used for water remediation or electrochemical energy storage and conversion, they are nanostructured and exposed to various environments. Therefore, understanding their surface reactivity is of prime importance. Such studies have been hindered by carbon contamination from syntheses. Herein, this synthetic and characterization challenge is addressed through a new approach to 50 nm carbon‐free Ti4O7 and Ti6O11 nanoparticles. It takes advantage of the different reactivities of rutile and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles towards H2, to use the former as precursor of TinO2n−1 and the latter as a diluting agent. This approach is combined with silica templating to restrain particle growth. The surface reactivity of the Magnéli nanoparticles under different atmospheres was then evaluated quantitatively by synchrotron‐radiation‐based X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which revealed oxidized surfaces with lower conductivity than the core. This finding sheds a new light on the charge transfer occurring in these materials.
Level of plasma catecholamine predicts surgical outcomes of carotid body tumors: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Huanrui , Zhao Jichun , Wu Zhoupeng , Huang Bin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundsCarotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare neoplasms and some of them produce catecholamine. Although operations for catecholamine‐producing CBTs are safe, the relationship between prognosis and endocrine function has not been analyzed before.MethodsPatients diagnosed with CBTs in our department between 2009 and 2018 were analyzed. Plasma catecholamine was examined as a variable of surgical outcomes and prognosis by using statistical methods.ResultsPatients who suffered CBTs and underwent operations were divided into two groups according to their plasma catecholamine. Patients in the normal group had more or heavier surgical complications, such as neurological complications (P = .008) and blood loss (P = .03), than those in the high group. However, overall survival, local recurrence, and remote metastasis were not varied significantly in both groups.ConclusionsA high level of plasma catecholamine was a predictor for the improved operative outcomes of CBTs. Hence, nonfunctional CBTs had further short‐term surgical complications.
Differences in brain networks of children with ADHD: Whole‐brain analysis of resting‐state fMRI
Authors: Icer Semra , Gengec Benli Serife , Ozmen Sevgi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate changes of functional connectivity (FC) in resting state networks (RSNs) in medication‐naive children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Twenty children with a diagnosis of ADHD (11.8 ± 2.29 years; 16 boys) and 20 age‐matched typically developing (TD) children (13 ± 1.78 years; 10 boys) were included. It was found that brain FC differences in children with ADHD are not only in the well known RSNs such as default mode, visual, sensory motor, attentional, frontal, central executive, and frontal networks but also involve interaction among whole brain functional networks. In addition, basal ganglia and cerebellum networks which later gained importance were examined in this study. All RSNs has been shown significant differences in special regions which belongs related RSN. The highest positive (HPC) and negative (HNC) correlation were calculated between 14 independent components including 11 different RSNs. We observed different FC changes (decreased/increased) according to the RSNs between ADHD and control children. The HPC was defined between the visual and cerebellum network in ADHD children and between the dorsal attentional network and sensory motor network in TD children. Also, the HNC was detected between the visual and basal ganglia network in both groups. Investigating intra and inter network FC could provide a framework to better understand the neural basis that underlies core symptom dimensions in ADHD.
Comparison of phosphodiesterase 10A and dopamine transporter levels as markers of disease burden in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pagano Gennaro , Niccolini Flavia , Wilson Heather , Yousaf Tayyabah , Khan Naheed L. , Martino Davide , Plisson Christophe , Gunn Roger N. , Rabiner Eugenii A. , Piccini Paola , Foltynie Thomas , Politis Marios 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent work has shown loss of phosphodiesterase 10A levels in middle‐stage and advanced treated patients with PD, which was associated with motor symptom severity.ObjectivesTo assess phosphodiesterase 10A levels in early PD and compare with loss of dopamine transporter as markers of disease burden.MethodsSeventy‐eight subjects were included in this study (17 early de novo, 15 early l‐dopa–treated, 24 moderate‐advanced l‐dopa–treated patients with PD, and 22 healthy controls). All participants underwent [11C]IMA107 PET, [11C]PE2I PET, and 3‐Tesla MRI scan.ResultsEarly de novo PD patients showed loss of [11C]IMA107 and of [11C]PE2I binding in caudate and putamen (P < 0.001); early l‐dopa–treated PD patients showed additional loss of [11C]IMA107 in the caudate (P < 0.001; annual decline 3.6%) and putamen (P < 0.001; annual decline 2.8%), but loss of [11C]PE2I only in the putamen (P < 0.001; annual decline 6.8%). Lower [11C]IMA107 correlated with lower [11C]PE2I in the caudate (rho = 0.51; P < 0.01) and putamen (rho = 0.53; P < 0.01). Longer disease duration correlated with lower [11C]IMA107 in the caudate (rho = –0.72; P < 0.001) and putamen (rho = –0.48; P < 0.01), and with lower [11C]PE2I only in the putamen (rho = –0.65; P < 0.001). Higher burden of motor symptoms correlated with lower [11C]IMA107 in the caudate (rho = –0.42; P < 0.05) and putamen (rho = –0.41; P < 0.05), and with lower [11C]PE2I only in the putamen (rho = –0.69; P < 0.001).ConclusionOur findings demonstrate loss of phosphodiesterase 10A levels very early in the course of PD and is associated with the gradual and progressive increase of motor symptoms. Phosphodiesterase 10A imaging shows similar potential with dopamine transporter imaging to follow disease progression. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Protein Binding on the Surface of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Jiaojiao , Shi Haimei , Mo Tianlu , Zhang Yinglu , Wang Xudong , Ding Chuanfan , Yu Shaoning 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used in the areas of biology and biomedicine. The interaction between MNPs and proteins plays a crucial role in the bioapplication of MNPs, and the binding affinity of protein–MNPs is the manifestation of this interaction. The binding affinity of some proteins with MNPs modified in various ways is determined by fluorescence quenching. The results show that the binding affinity depends on the properties of both the MNPs and the proteins. The higher the surface curvature of MNPs, the larger the MNP, and the higher the binding affinity. No significant difference is found in binding affinity between MNPs with different modification methods. For proteins, the binding affinity depends on the properties of individual proteins, such as the amino acid sequence, the native protein conformation in solution, the isoelectric point, and surface potential. In general, the binding affinity is higher for proteins with cysteine residues on the surface. In addition, pH affects the binding affinity between proteins and MNPs; positively charged proteins and lower pH are more suitable for MNP binding due to electrostatic forces.
Dietary quercetin supplements: Assessment of online product informations and quantitation of quercetin in the products by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Vida Róbert György , Fittler András , Somogyi‐Végh Anna , Poór Miklós 
Published: June 2019

Administration of the increasingly popular dietary supplements containing quercetin may interfere with drug therapy. We intended to evaluate the online availability and quercetin content of the high‐dose mono‐component quercetin products and to review the potential use of quercetin products and their interactions with drugs. We monitored the online access to quercetin‐containing dietary supplements, collected the relevant information from the websites, procured selected products from the vendors, and subjected them to substance analysis. The quercetin content was quantified by an HPLC‐UV method. Twenty‐five websites offered mono‐component quercetin products, and nine products were procured. The quercetin content of eight products differed only ±10% from the nominal dose, whereas one product contained almost 30% more quercetin. Misleading indications such as antitumor and cardiovascular effects were often found on the sellers' websites. Quercetin‐containing dietary supplements are available online with misleading indications. The recommended daily doses are often high (occasionally over 1,000 mg), which may induce clinically relevant interactions with medications. Because high‐quercetin content of dietary supplements was confirmed, health care professionals should be aware of the unregulated internet market of dietary supplements and should consider the interactions of these substances with drugs.
Monitoring the effectiveness of floodplain habitat restoration: A review of methods and recommendations for future monitoring
Authors: Roni Philip , Hall Jason E. , Drenner S. Matthew , Arterburn Derek 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFloodplains are some of the most ecologically important and human‐impacted habitats throughout the world. Large efforts are underway in North America, Europe, Australia, and elsewhere to restore floodplain habitats, not only to increase fish and aquatic biota but to restore ecological diversity. As the scale, number, and complexity of floodplain restoration projects has increased, so has the need for rigorous monitoring and evaluation to demonstrate effectiveness and guide future floodplain restoration efforts. Moreover, technological advances in remote sensing, genetics, and fish marking have been evolving rapidly and there is need to update guidance on the best methods for monitoring physical and biological response to floodplain restoration. A comprehensive review of the restoration literature located 180 papers that specifically examined the effectiveness of various floodplain restoration techniques. The various methods that were historically and currently used to evaluate the physical (channel and floodplain morphology, sediment, flow, water quality [temperature and nutrients]) and biological (fish, invertebrates, and aquatic and riparian plants) effectiveness of floodplain restoration were reviewed and used to provide recommendations for future monitoring. For each major physical and biological monitoring method, we discuss their importance, how they have historically been used to evaluate floodplain restoration, newer methodologies, and limitations or advantages of different methodologies and approaches. We then discuss monitoring the effectiveness of small (<2 km in main channel length) and large (>2 km of main channel length) floodplain projects, with recommendations for various study designs, parameters, and monitoring methodologies.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Water and Life > Methods
Closed‐form solutions for a circular inhomogeneity in nonlinearly coupled thermoelectric materials
Authors: Yu Chuan‐Bin , Yang Hai‐Bing , Li Yu‐Hao , Song Kun , Gao Cun‐Fa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThermoelectricity is a class of material possessing the ability of interconverting heat and electricity. For the sake of high conversion efficiency, inclusions/fibers are usually introduced into thermoelectric materials. However, the discontinuity of material property and geometry brought by inclusions/fibers might result in severe stress concentration and thus greatly affect the mechanical properties of thermoelectric material in its engineering service. This paper introduces a nonlinear coupled thermal–electrical–mechanical formulation for the plane problem of a circular inhomogeneity embedded in a thermoelectric medium under a combined uniform electric current density and energy flux. A special attention is directed towards the induced thermal stress field which has often neglected in the literature. Using methods based on Cauchy integrals, the complex potentials of the electric field, temperature field and associated stress field are derived explicitly in both the inhomogeneity and the surrounding matrix. The analysis shows that the electrically and thermally induced stress has a linear relationship with the energy flux applied at infinity, but has a nonlinear relationship with the remote electric current density. Numerical simulations are also performed to examine how the inhomogeneity influences the electrically induced thermal stress concentration on the interface. The presented results can be directly used for reliability consideration in design and optimization of thermoelectric composites with circular fibers/inclusions.
Ultrasound Liver Map Technique for Laparoscopic Liver Resections
Authors: Ferrero Alessandro , Lo Tesoriere Roberto , Russolillo Nadia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is reported as a safe procedure with potential advantages over open surgery albeit with inherent limitations, such as loss of haptic perception and spatial orientation. Ultrasound is considered the best tool to identify anatomic landmarks and the transection plane during liver surgery. The aim of this study was to analyse the outcomes of LLR performed with a standardized US guidance technique.MethodsWe have standardized a 4‐step technique for ultrasound‐guided LLR: (1) compose a 3‐D mind map by studying relationships among lesions and surrounding anatomic structures, (2) sketch the map on the liver surface, (3) check, and (4) correct the transection plane in real time.ResultsBetween 01/2006 and 12/2016, 190 consecutive patients treated with US‐guided LLR were analysed. The indications for LLR included malignant tumours in 148 patients (81.8%). The procedures were classified according to a difficulty scale. There were 18 major hepatectomies (9.9%), 80 anatomic bi‐ and monosegmentectomies (44.2%), and 101 non‐anatomic resections (55.8%). Redo resection was performed in 17 patients (9.4%), and multiple liver resections were performed in 25 patients (24.7%). Median intraoperative blood loss was 100 ± 154 mL. Overall and major morbidity rates were 14.9% and 1.6%, respectively. Mortality was nil.ConclusionsUltrasound liver map technique enables planning and real‐time guidance during laparoscopic liver resections.
Promoting voter registration: the effects of low-cost interventions on behaviour and norms
Authors: KÖLLE FELIX , LANE TOM , NOSENZO DANIELE , STARMER CHRIS 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report two studies investigating whether, and if so how, different low-cost interventions affect voter registration rates. Low-cost message-based interventions are increasingly used to promote target behaviours. While growing evidence shows that such ‘nudges’ often significantly impact behaviour, understanding of why interventions work or fail in particular contexts remains underdeveloped. In a natural field experiment conducted before the 2015 UK general election, we varied messages on a postcard sent by Oxford City Council to unregistered students encouraging them to join the electoral register. Our primary finding from the field study is that just one of our interventions – a reminder that people failing to register may be fined – has a significant positive impact. Offering small monetary rewards to register instead has a negative but insignificant effect. In a second study, using an online experiment we identify a particular mechanism explaining the influence of this intervention. Specifically, we show that our interventions have divergent effects on perceptions of the normative appropriateness of registering: emphasising that failing to register is punishable by law strengthened the perception that one ought to register, while offering monetary inducements for registering weakened the perception that doing so is an action already expected within society.