bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlatos psicológicos de cuidadores formais de pessoas com deficiência mental: amostra portuguesa
Authors: Martins Luís , Cunha Marina , Guerreiro Daniela , Marques Mariana 
Published: February 2019

Objetivos: O trabalho diário com pessoas portadoras de deficiência mental é extremamente exigente do ponto de vista físico e psicológico. Este estudo pretende caraterizar trabalhadores diversos de instituições que prestam cuidados a pessoas com deficiência mental quanto à sua vulnerabilidade ao stress, tipo de personalidade, estratégias de coping e sintomas psicopatológicos e explorar associações entre essas variáveis e algumas variáveis sociodemográficas/profissionais. Métodos: 68 trabalhadores de instituições que recebem pessoas com deficiência mental, entre os 19 e os 62 anos (M = 36,28; DP = 11,65), responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, ao 23-Questionário de Vulnerabilidade ao Stress (23-QVS), ao Inventário de Personalidade de Eysenck-12 (IPE-12), ao Brief-Cope e ao Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI). Resultados: Nesta amostra de trabalhadores, níveis maiores de vulnerabilidade ao stresse associaram-se a níveis mais elevados de neuroticismo e de sintomatologia psicopatológica. As mulheres apresentaram maiores níveis de somatização, os profissionais mais novos e com menor grau de escolaridade mostraram ser mais vulneráveis ao stresse. O excesso de horas de trabalho associou-se à vulnerabilidade ao stresse e à sintomatologia psicopatológica. Conclusões: Este estudo confirma que os trabalhadores de instituições que recebem pessoas com deficiência mental apresentam níveis elevados de vulnerabilidade ao stresse e risco de sofrer de sintomatologia psicopatológica. É urgente implementar medidas de intervenção (preventivas ou terapêuticas) no sentido de aliviar o stresse destes cuidadores, melhorando a sua saúde mental. Parece que os trabalhadores com níveis mais elevados de neuroticismo poderão beneficiar mais destas intervenções.
The association between meteorological variables and road traffic injuries: a study from Macao
Authors: Lio Chon-Fu , Cheong Hou-Hon , Un Chon-Hou , Lo Iek-Long , Tsai Shin-Yi 
Published: February 2019

Objective
Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to estimate the influence of meteorological factors on road traffic injuries stratified by severity. Crash rate was defined as mean monthly road traffic accidents per 1,000 vectors.

Design
Ecological time-series study.

Setting
Macao traffic accident registry database between January 1st, 2001 and November 31st, 2016.

Participants
In total, 393,176 traffic accidents and 72,501 cases of road traffic injuries (RTIs) were enrolled; patients’ severity was divided into mild injury, required hospitalisation, and death.

Exposure
Variation of monthly meteorological factors.

Main outcome measure
Weather-condition-related road traffic accidents, injuries, and deaths.

Results
Windy weather significantly correlated with increased number of traffic accidents among all transport vectors (r = .375 to .637; p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed temperature (B = 0.704; p < 0.05) and humidity (B = − 0.537; p < 0.001) were independent factors for mild injury. The role of windy weather was relatively more obvious among patients with severe injuries (B = 0.304; p < 0.001) or those who died (B = 0.015; p < 0.001). A longer duration of sunshine was also associated to RTI-related deaths (B = 0.015; p < 0.001). In total, 13.4% of RTIs were attributable to meteorological factors and may be preventable.

Conclusion
The World Health Organization stated that RTIs are a major but neglected public health challenge. This study demonstrates meteorological factors have significant effects on any degree of RTIs. The results may not be generalized to other climates or populations while the findings may have implications in both preventing injuries and to announce safety precautions regarding trauma and motor vehicle collisions to the general public by public agencies.
Postoperative Outcomes of “Optic Capture” Technique of IOL Implantation in Pediatric Cataract Surgery
Authors: Prajapati Vaishali , Shah Kalpit , Jain Kushagra 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) without anterior vitrectomy in preventing secondary opacification of the visual axis following pediatric cataract surgery in age more than 2 years.

Methods:
In a prospective evaluation, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and refractive error were recorded. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed. The surgical technique was posterior curvilinear capsulorhexis with optic capture with three piece hydrophobic IOL (MA60AC) after cataract extraction. The incidence of posterior capsular opacification and other complications of pediatric cataract surgery were studied. The follow-up period was from 6 to 36 months.

Results:
In 75 consecutive eyes of 45 children operated with age range 2 to 8 years (mean, 3.3 years), there was no significant opacification of the visual axis at a mean follow-up of 19 months after surgery (range, 6-36 months).

Conclusion:
The posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with posterior optic capture with three-piece hydrophobic lens without anterior vitrectomy is safe and effective in the treatment of pediatric cataract in the prevention of secondary opacification of the visual axis.
The hydrophobic C‐terminal sequence of transthyretin affects its catalytic kinetics towards amidated neuropeptide Y
Authors: Tangthavewattana Sukanya , Leelawatwattana Ladda , Prapunpoj Porntip 
Published: February 2019

Transthyretin (TTR) is a transporter for thyroid hormone and retinol binding protein that has recently been reported to have proteolytic activity against certain substrates, including amidated neuropeptide Y (NPY). However, the proteolytic activity of TTR towards NPY is not fully understood. Here, we used fluorescence‐based assays to determine the catalytic kinetics of human TTR towards human amidated NPY. The Michaelis constant (KM) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of TTR proteolysis were 15.88 ± 0.44 μm and 687 081 ± 35 692 m−1·s−1, respectively. In addition, we demonstrated an effect of the C‐terminal sequence of TTR. When the C‐terminal sequence of TTR was made more hydrophobic, the KM and kcat/KM changed to 12.87 ± 0.22 μm and 983 755 ± 18 704 m−1·s−1, respectively. Our results may be useful for the development of TTR as a therapeutic agent with low risk of the undesirable symptoms that develop from amidated NPY, and for further improvement of the kcat/KM of TTR.
High‐Performance Transparent Electrodes for Automobile Windshield Heaters Prepared by Combining Metal Grids and Oxide/Metal/Oxide Transparent Electrodes
Authors: Cheong Woo‐Seok , Kim Young‐Hoi , Lee Joon‐Min , Hong Chan‐Hwa , Choi Ho‐Yeol , Kwak Young‐Jin , Kim Young Jun , Kim Young Shin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTransparent heaters can be fabricated with a wide variety of materials including indium‐tin oxide, carbon nano tubes, graphenes, metal nanowires, metal grids, and hybrid‐type electrodes. However these materials have been applied to small area heaters below 0.01 m2 because of the limit of electrical and optical properties. High‐performance transparent electrodes for large‐area purpose (over 1.0 m2) have never been developed with any practical applicability in spite of their utility for removing fog or iced water on automobile windshield, which can be critical for safety and convenience of the drivers. Achieving ultralow resistance with high transparence is the major technical barrier in windshield heaters due to the intrinsic long distance between electrodes and low battery voltage in automobiles. In this study, a high performance transparent electrode, super hybrid electrode (SHE) is developed, which is manufactured by combining metal grids with oxide/metal/oxide electrode based on a newly developed electroplating method, which guarantees uniform properties over large area, over 1.0 m2. Utilizing this newly devised electrode technology, an automobile windshield heater is successfully fabricated with sheet resistance of 0.1–0.3 Ω □−1 and the transmittance of over 82% in large area samples of 1.01 m2, which is good enough for automobile windshield application.
Charge Transfer and Interface Effects in Co‐Assembled Circular Donor/Acceptor Complexes for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Koçak Olkan , Duru Izzet Paruğ , Yavuz Ilhan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn in‐depth theoretical characterization of alternative structural architectures is reported for use in organic photovoltaic devices (OPV): a host–guest structure where a circular π‐conjugated nanohoop electron donor encapsulates an electron acceptor fullerene, forming a circular donor/acceptor complex. The mesoscale morphology, pairwise charge transport at the donor or acceptor domains, and charge transfer reactions at the donor/acceptor interfaces are calculated. For a fundamental understanding, three prototype complexes are considered: C60@10‐cycloparaphenylene (C60@[10]CPP), C70@11‐cycloparaphenylene (C70@[11]CPP), C70@3‐cycloparaphenyleneacetylene (C70@[3]CPPA). It is found that solid state packing is crucial for the interface morphology, charge transport, and the electronic performance of the materials. While contorted and stiff packing result in small structural disorder, electron–phonon coupling is reduced, charge mobility and charge transfer is limited by the complex transport network. In contrast, a regular packing arrangement suggests an efficient charge transport; however, it is limited by the large amount of disorder and relatively large electron–phonon coupling. Hole and electron mobilities in the order of 10−3 to 0.1 cm2 Vs−1 and 10−5 to 10−2 cm2 Vs−1 have been extracted, respectively, and electron mobilities are found to be very susceptible to intermolecular arrangements. Power conversion efficiency of ≈10% under 1 sun illumination has been offered from time‐domain drift diffusion model.
Effects of azathioprine and its metabolites on inflammatory cytokines in human nasal polyp organ cultures
Authors: Yeo Nam‐Kyung , Park Woo Joo , Eom Daeo‐Woon , Oh Mi Young , Lee Ji Hwan 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundOral steroids are recommended for the treatment of nasal polyps (NPs), but prolonged use is avoided because of side effects. Topical steroids can also control NPs without significant complications; however, the response to this is partially successful, and additional therapies are needed to treat glucocorticoid‐resistant NPs. Azathioprine (AZA) and its first metabolite 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) are important immunosuppressants used for the therapy of various diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AZA and 6‐MP on inflammatory cytokines in organ‐cultured NPs.MethodsNP explants were cultured using an air‐liquid interface method. Cultures were maintained in the absence and presence of steroid, AZA, and 6‐MP for 72 hours. Elaboration of cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 into the supernatant was quantitated using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of TNF‐α, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in cultured mucosa were measured using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of cultured mucosa was performed to observe inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemistry was done to evaluate the distribution pattern of inflammatory cytokines in NP explants.ResultsOn histologic examination, less inflammatory cell infiltration was found in NPs treated by steroid, AZA, and 6‐MP than in control, but there was no statistical significance (p = 0.218). On immunohistochemistry, IL‐13 showed a steady falling tendency in submucosal glands by steroid, AZA, and 6‐MP. Expression of TNF‐α, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 mRNA in the NPs treated by steroid, AZA, and 6‐MP were significantly lower than those of the control (p < 0.001 for all). By ELISA, IL‐2 and IL‐13 were significantly lower with topical steroid, AZA, and 6‐MP treatment (p = 0.012 and p < 0.001).ConclusionTopical AZT decreases inflammatory cytokines on human NP explants and this could have future therapeutic implications for NPs.
Outcomes of sinonasal inverted papilloma resection by surgical approach: an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Peng Rui , Thamboo Andrew , Choby Garret , Ma Yifei , Zhou Bing , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundSelecting the optimal surgical approach for resection of sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) remains a challenge, with endoscopic, external, and combined approaches being utilized. This systematic review was conducted as an update to a 2006 systematic review to determine the preferred surgical approach for tumor control.MethodsThe study protocol was developed a priori following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) process. Data were collected and outcomes were analyzed according to surgical approach and sites of tumor involvement.ResultsA total of 96 papers and 4134 SIP patients were included. The overall recurrence rate was 12.80% (322/2515) for the endoscopic approach group, 16.58% (182/1098) for the external approach group, and 12.60% (65/516) for the combined approach group. Meta‐analysis by random effects model showed that the summarized risk ratio (RR) of recurrence was 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44 to 0.85,p= 0.003),I2= 37.95% for the endoscopic vs external approach; 0.98 (95% CI, 0.69 to 1.39,p= 0.901),I2= 9.06% for the endoscopic vs combined approach; 1.61 (95% CI, 1.06 to 2.43,p= 0.025),I2= 0.00% for the external vs combined approach. After adjusting for publication bias, the adjusted RRs were 0.66 (p= 0.014) for endoscopic vs external; 0.99 (p= 0.955) for endoscopic vs combined; and 1.33 (p= 0.224) for external vs combined.ConclusionAn enlarging and maturing body of literature continues to indicate that endoscopic approaches result in significantly lower recurrence rates than open approaches for surgical resection of SIP.
Creation and validation of three‐dimensional printed models for basic nasal endoscopic training
Authors: Zhuo Chen , Lei Lyu , Yulin Zhao , Wentao Liu , Shuangxia Wu , Chao Wang , Yaqian Zhang , Shuman Huang , Dong Dong 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThree‐dimensional (3D) printed models have been shown to be promising in surgical training in rhinology. The objectives of this study were to develop a set of 3D‐printed models including the pediatric and adult nasal cavity, and the postsurgical paranasal sinuses, and to assess the face and content validity in endoscopic training.MethodsThe computed tomography (CT) data of a pediatric patient without nasal disorders and an adult patient with nasal septal deviation were selected to produce the models of the pediatric and adult nasal cavity, and the CT data of an adult patient who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery 4 months ago was chosen to create the paranasal sinus model. After the models were printed by our desktop‐level 3D printer, 5 rhinologists used the 5‐point Likert scales to evaluate the fidelity and utility. Additionally, a group of prespecified tasks were completed by the rhinologists and 5 residents respectively for supplementary content validation. The difference of time used in completing each task was analyzed by Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsAll the models were prototyped in 24 hours, and the total cost for each model was less than 100 CNY (15 USD). The overall scores for fidelity and usefulness in endoscopic training were above 4.0. The experts accomplished all tasks using significantly less time than the residents (all p < 0.05).ConclusionThe models of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses made by our desktop‐level 3D printer are high‐fidelity, low‐cost, and useful in training basic endoscopic skills.
Atmospheric hydrodeoxygenation of phenol as pyrolytic‐oil model compound for hydrocarbon production using Ag/TiO2 catalyst
Authors: Kay Lup Andrew Ng , Abnisa Faisal , Daud Wan Mohd Ashri Wan , Aroua Mohamed Kheireddine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHydrodeoxygenation (HDO) kinetics of phenol over Ag/TiO2 catalyst was investigated at 415–600 K and 1 atm. The use of oxophilic TiO2 support has improved phenol conversion due to its preferential activation of CO bond. Product analysis confirmed the occurrence of direct deoxygenation (DDO) and hydrogenation–dehydration (HYD) pathways to produce benzene and cyclohexane, respectively. Both phenol hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation steps are the respective rate‐limiting steps for DDO and HYD pathways of phenol HDO over Ag/TiO2. Based on the transition state theory, negative entropy changes of activation during HDO indicated that the HDO reactants formed activated complexes that had more orderly bonding configurations prior to the hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, and dehydration steps. Under the present conditions, the catalyst was stable after 4 hr of HDO runs and able to be regenerated via H2‐activation and calcination in air at 553 K with at least 98.9% removal efficiency to remove coke deposits and reform Ag metal species after HDO.
Effects of sulfonation on bis‐styrylbiphenyl fluorescent whitening agents for polypropylene
Authors: Fang Zhengjun , Wu Feng , Lin Liangwei , Qin Qiwen , Au Chaktong , Tao Qiang , Li Xitian , Yu Donghong , Yi Bing 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThree derivatives of bis‐styrybiphenyl with different degrees of sulfonation to be used as fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) were synthesized. Studies on their spectroscopic properties were performed using a combination of computational methods. Whitening effects of FWAs and the improved thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) were investigated. The morphology of plastic samples was examined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). In order to improve the compatibility between FWA and PP, PP grafted with maleic anhydride (MAH) was applied as compatibilizer. The optical properties were further clarified by the results of frontier molecular orbital modeling, which show that the presence of sulfonic sodium group leads to a red shift of maximum UV absorption wavelength and a low HOMO–LUMO energy band gap. It is observed that the addition of 0.010 wt % of the sulfonated FWA would result in the expected whitening effect as well as improved PP thermal stability, while at or above 0.015 wt %, such effects worsen sharply owing to phase separation. Furthermore, the use of MAH‐grafted PP as compatibilizer results in improvement of phase behavior and thermal stability. The study provides new insights into the effect of FWA structure on the properties of PP that are related to the whitening of the material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47635.
Differential Association of Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups J and H With the Methylation Status of Articular Cartilage: Potential Role in Apoptosis and Metabolic and Developmental Processes
Authors: Cortés‐Pereira Estefanía , Fernández‐Tajes Juan , Fernández‐Moreno Mercedes , Vázquez‐Mosquera María E. , Relaño Sara , Ramos‐Louro Paula , Durán‐Sotuela Alejandro , Dalmao‐Fernández Andrea , Oreiro Natividad , Blanco Francisco J. , Rego‐Pérez Ignacio 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo analyze the influence of mitochondrial genome variation on the DNA methylome of articular cartilage.MethodsDNA methylation profiling was performed using data deposited in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database (accession no. GSE43269). Data were obtained for 14 cartilage samples from subjects with haplogroup J and 20 cartilage samples from subjects with haplogroup H. Subsequent validation was performed in an independent subset of 7 subjects with haplogroup J and 9 with haplogroup H by RNA‐seq. Correlated genes were validated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction in an independent cohort of 12 subjects with haplogroup J and 12 with haplogroup H. Appropriate analyses were performed using R Bioconductor and qBasePlus software, and gene ontology analysis was conducted using DAVID version 6.8.ResultsDNA methylation profiling revealed 538 differentially methylated loci, while whole‐transcriptome profiling identified 2,384 differentially expressed genes, between cartilage samples from subjects with haplogroup H and those with haplogroup J. Seventeen genes showed an inverse correlation between methylation and expression. In terms of gene ontology, differences in correlations between methylation and expression were also detected between cartilage from subjects with haplogroup H and those with haplogroup J, highlighting a significantly enhanced apoptotic process in cartilage from subjects with haplogroup H (P = 0.007 for methylation and P = 0.019 for expression) and repressed apoptotic process in cartilage from subjects with haplogroup J (P = 0.021 for methylation), as well as a significant enrichment of genes related to metabolic processes (P = 1.93 × 10−4 for methylation and P = 6.79 x 10−4 for expression) and regulation of gene expression (P = 0.012 for methylation) in cartilage from subjects with haplogroup H, and to developmental processes (P = 0.015 for methylation and P = 8.25 x 10−12 for expression) in cartilage from subjects with haplogroup J.ConclusionMitochondrial DNA variation differentially associates with the methylation status of articular cartilage by acting on key mechanisms involved in osteoarthritis, such as apoptosis and metabolic and developmental processes.
Investigating Asthma, Allergic Disease, Passive Smoke Exposure, and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kronzer Vanessa L. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Vassallo Robert , Davis John M. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is postulated to originate at mucosal surfaces, particularly the airway mucosa. To investigate this hypothesis, we determined the association between RA and asthma, passive smoke exposure, and age at start of smoking.MethodsFor this case–control study, we identified 1,023 cases of RA (175 incident) within a single‐center biobank population, using a rules‐based algorithm that combined self‐report with 2 diagnostic codes. Exposures were self‐reported on biobank questionnaires. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the association of exposures with RA, adjusting for potential confounders. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.ResultsAfter adjustment for allergies, urban environment, and passive smoke exposure, asthma was found to be associated with RA in the full cohort (OR 1.28 [95% CI 1.04–1.58; P = 0.02]) but not the incident RA cohort (OR 1.17 [95% CI 0.66–2.06; P = 0.60]). History of allergic disease was associated with RA in both the full cohort (OR 1.30 [95% CI 1.12–1.51; P < 0.001]) and the incident RA cohort (OR 1.61 [95% CI 1.11–2.33; P = 0.01]), especially food allergy, which was significantly associated with RA in the full cohort (OR 1.38 [95% CI 1.08–1.75; P = 0.01]) and showed a trend toward significance in the incident RA cohort (OR 1.83 [95% CI 0.97–3.45; P = 0.06]). Passive smoke exposure at home or work was not associated with RA. Finally, age at start of smoking was not associated with increased odds of developing RA in either the full cohort (OR 1.03 [95% CI 1.00–1.06; P = 0.03]) or the incident RA cohort (OR 1.00 [95% CI 0.92–1.08; P = 0.98]).ConclusionAsthma and allergies may be associated with increased risk of RA. Passive smoke exposure and early age at start of smoking do not appear to influence risk of RA.