bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postbiotics From Lactobacillus Johnsonii Activates Gut Innate Immunity to Mitigate Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease
Authors: Yin Ruopeng , Wang Tao , Sun Jingzu , Dai Huanqin , Zhang Yuting , Liu Ningning , Liu Hongwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProlonged alcohol consumption disrupts the gut microbiota and the immune system, contributing to the pathogenesis of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD). Probiotic‐postbiotic intervention strategies can effectively relieve ALD by maintaining gut homeostasis. Herein, the efficacy of heat‐killed Lactobacillus johnsonii (HKLJ) in mitigating alcoholic liver damage is demonstrated in mouse models of ALD. The gut‐liver axis is identified as a pivotal pathway for the protective effects of L. johnsonii against ALD. Specifically, HKLJ is found to upregulate the expression of intestinal lysozymes, thereby enhancing the production of immunoregulatory substances from gut bacteria, which subsequently activated the Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)‐interleukin (IL‐23)‐IL‐22 innate immune axis. The elevated IL‐22 upregulated the antimicrobial peptide synthesis to maintain intestinal homeostasis and moreover activated the Signal transducer and activator of Transcription3 (STAT3) pathway in the liver to facilitate the repair of hepatic injuries. The heat‐killed L. johnsonii provoked immunity helps correct the gut microbiota dysbiosis, specifically by reversing the reduction of butyrate‐producing bacteria (such as Faecalibaculum rodentium) and the expansion of opportunistic pathogens (such as Helicobacter sp. and Pichia kudriavzevii) induced by ethanol. The findings provide novel insights into the gut microbiota‐liver axis that may be leveraged to enhance the treatment of ALD.
Time‐Lapse Acquisition of Both Freely Secreted Proteome and Exosome Encapsulated Proteome in Live Organoids’ Microenvironment
Authors: Yan Haoni , Abdulla Aynur , Wang Aiting , Ding Shuyu , Zhang Manlin , Zhang Yizhi , Zhuang Tsz Yui , Wu Leqi , Wang Yan , Ren Rongrong , Jiang Lai , Ding Xianting 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProteomic communications in neighboring microenvironments during early organ development is a dynamic process that continuously reshapes human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) developmental fate. Such dynamic proteomic alteration in the microenvironment consists of both freely secreted proteome and exosome‐encapsulated proteome. Simultaneous monitoring of the time‐lapse shift of both proteomes with live organoids remains technically challenging. Here, a continuous organoid secretion/encapsulation proteome tandem LC‐MS/MS (COSEP‐LCM) is introduced, which permits time‐lapse monitoring of proteomic alterations both in free secretion form and in exosome encapsulated form at live organoids’ microenvironment. Continuous growth of human cerebral organoids (COs) and free‐secretion/exosome‐encapsulation proteomics acquisition with COSEP‐LCM for 60 days is demonstrated. SERPINF1, F5, and EFNB1 are initially enriched inside exosomes as encapsulated excretion and then gradually enriched outside exosomes as freely secreted excretion, while C3 is initially enriched outside exosomes as freely secreted excretion and gradually enriched inside exosomes as encapsulated excretion. Such dynamic excretion pattern paradigm shift may imply critical developmental strategy evolution during early human cerebral development. COSEP‐LCM offers a platform technique for continuous inside/outside exosome proteomics co‐analysis in live organoids’ microenvironment.
Unsupervised Learning‐Assisted Acoustic‐Driven Nano‐Lens Holography for the Ultrasensitive and Amplification‐Free Detection of Viable Bacteria
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhao Junpeng , Wen Junping , Wu Ziyan , Dong Yongzhen , Chen Yiping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBacterial infection is a crucial factor resulting in public health issues worldwide, often triggering epidemics and even fatalities. The accurate, rapid, and convenient detection of viable bacteria is an effective method for reducing infections and illness outbreaks. Here, an unsupervised learning–assisted and surface acoustic wave–interdigital transducer‐driven nano‐lens holography biosensing platform is developed for the ultrasensitive and amplification‐free detection of viable bacteria. The monitoring device integrated with the nano‐lens effect can achieve the holographic imaging of polystyrene microsphere probes in an ultra‐wide field of view (∽28.28 mm2), with a sensitivity limit of as low as 99 nm. A lightweight unsupervised learning hologram processing algorithm considerably reduces training time and computing hardware requirements, without requiring datasets with manual labels. By combining phage–mediated viable bacterial DNA extraction and enhanced CRISPR–Cas12a systems, this strategy successfully achieves the ultrasensitive detection of viable Salmonella in various real samples, demonstrating enhanced accuracy validated with the qPCR benchmark method. This approach has a low cost (∽$500) and is rapid (∽1 h) and highly sensitive (∽38 CFU mL−1), allowing for the amplification‐free detection of viable bacteria and emerging as a powerful tool for food safety inspection and clinical diagnosis.
A Study on the Inflammatory Response of the Brain in Neurosyphilis
Authors: Zhang Qiyu , Ma Jie , Zhou Jia , Zhang Hanlin , Li Mansheng , Gong Huizi , Wang Yujie , Zheng Heyi , Li Jun , Leng Ling 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeurosyphilis (NS) is a clinical condition caused by infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by Treponema pallidum (Tp) that can lead to asymptomatic meningitis and more serious neurological diseases, such as dementia and blindness. However, current studies on the pathogenesis of NS are limited. Here, through the integration analysis of proteomics and single‐cell transcriptomics, Toll‐like/NF‐κB signaling is identified as the key pathway involved in CNS damage caused by Tp. Moreover, monocyte‐derived macrophages are key cells involved in the inflammatory response to Tp in the CNS of NS patients. In addition, it is found that inflammatory cells in peripheral blood may cause neurological damage through disruption of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) in individuals with NS. Notably, activation of the Toll‐like/NF‐κB signaling pathway, as well as dysregulation of neural function, is likewise validated in an in vitro NS brain organoid model. In conclusion, the results revealed the mechanisms of inflammation‐mediated brain injury in Tp‐induced NS and provided new ideas for the clinical treatment of Tp infection.
CRISPR/Cas Enzyme Catalysis in Liquid–Liquid Phase‐Separated Systems
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Chen Jianai , Wu Zhina , Zhao Chenfei , Wang Rui , Li Zhiping , Wang Jiasi , Wang Di 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) /CRISPR‐associated proteins (Cas) system is the immune system in bacteria and archaea and has been extensively applied as a critical tool in bioengineering. Investigation of the mechanisms of catalysis of CRISPR/Cas systems in intracellular environments is essential for understanding the underlying catalytic mechanisms and advancing CRISPR‐based technologies. Here, the catalysis mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas systems are investigated in an aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) comprising PEG and dextran, which simulated the intracellular environment. The findings revealed that nucleic acids and proteins tended to be distributed in the dextran‐rich phase. The results demonstrated that the cis‐cleavage activity of Cas12a is enhanced in the ATPS, while its trans‐cleavage activity is suppressed, and this finding is further validated using Cas13a. Further analysis by increasing the concentration of the DNA reporter revealed that this phenomenon is not attributed to the slow diffusion of the reporter, and explained why Cas12a and Cas13a do not randomly cleave nucleic acids in the intracellular compartment. The study provides novel insights into the catalytic mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas systems under physiological conditions and may contribute to the development of CRISPR‐based molecular biological tools.
Noncontact Monitoring and Imaging of the Operation and Performance of Thin‐Film Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Jeong Kwangsik , Shin Dong yeob , Park Ji‐Min , Yi Dong‐Joon , Hong Hyunmin , Kim Hyun‐Suk , Chung Kwun‐Bum 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, the first noncontact and non‐destructive methodology is developed for monitoring and imaging the operation and performance of thin‐film field‐effect transistors (TFTs) using second‐harmonic generation (SHG) imaging. By analyzing the SHG signal intensity, which is directly related to the electric field at the interface between the semiconductor channel and gate insulator, critical electrical parameters such as the threshold voltage (VTH) and flat‐band voltage (VFB) are successfully determined. These findings demonstrate a strong correlation between SHG signals and VTH and VFB in InGaZnO TFTs under various process conditions. Notably, the method achieves an unprecedented resolution of ΔVFB below 100 mV in assessing electrical properties through SHG measurements, surpassing conventional spectroscopy techniques. Furthermore, a system is developed to monitor and image the TFT array operation and performance, enabling us to distinguish between pass and fail devices and measure the VTH distribution based on the SHG intensity. This approach facilitates early failure detection and supports efficient curing during manufacturing, thereby marking significant advancements in TFT technology and quality control processes.
Prenatal Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles Exposure Reduces Female Offspring Fertility Without Affecting Males
Authors: Lei Min , Zhu Zhenye , Wei Chenlu , Xie Huihui , Guo Ruizhi , Zhao Yanqing , Wang Keer , Wang Mengchen , Chen Wenhui , Xu Xiqiao , Zeng Xinxin , Xu Yining , Zhang Wandi , Chu Yizhe , Sun Yingpu , Yang Qingling 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSilicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are widely utilized in biomedicine due to their controllable size and biocompatibility. While previous studies have demonstrated that prenatal exposure to SiO2 NPs can traverse the placental barrier and induce neurotoxicity in offspring. However, their reproductive toxicity remains unclear. Here, it is found that prenatal SiO2 NPs exposure led to subfertility in female offspring, evidenced by decreased ovulation potential, ovarian reserve, and litter size. In contrast, male offspring maintained normal sperm production and fertility. Mechanistic analyses revealed that prenatal SiO2 NPs exposure disrupted meiotic recombination and increased oocyte apoptosis, resulting in reduced postnatal primordial follicle formation in females. Conversely, meiotic recombination occurring postnatally in male offspring remained unaffected. Notably, treatment with carboxylate (COOH)‐functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2‐COOH NPs) has a minimal impact on fertility in female offspring. Further research, including clinical studies, is needed to confirm these findings in humans. These findings demonstrated gender‐specific reproductive toxicity induced by prenatal SiO2 NPs exposure and highlighted the importance of considering nanoparticle safety in prenatal contexts.
Highly Thermally Conductive Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Resin Vitrimers with Reconfigurable, Shape‐Memory, Photo‐Thermal, and Closed‐Loop Recycling Performance
Authors: Zhang Fengyuan , Zhang Junliang , Zhang Kuan , Zhong Xiao , He Mukun , Qiu Hua , Gu Junwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe low thermal conductivity, poor toughness, and non‐reprocessability of thermosetting epoxy resins severely restrict their applications and sustainable development in flexible electronics. Herein, liquid crystalline epoxy (LCE) and dynamic ester and disulfide bonds are introduced into the cured network of bisphenol A epoxy resin (E‐51) to construct highly thermally conductive flexible liquid crystalline epoxy resin (LCER) vitrimers. LCER vitrimers demonstrate adjustable mechanical properties by varying the ratio of LCE to E‐51, allowing it to transition from soft to strong. Typically, a 75 mol% LCE to 25 mol% E‐51 ratio results in an in‐plane thermal conductivity (λ) of 1.27 W m−1 K−1, over double that of pure E‐51 vitrimer (0.61 W m−1 K−1). The tensile strength and toughness increase 2.88 folds to 14.1 MPa and 2.45 folds to 20.1 MJ m−3, respectively. Besides, liquid crystalline phase transition and dynamic covalent bonds enable triple shape memory and three‐dimensional shape reconstruction. After four reprocessing cycles, λ and tensile strength remain at 94% and 72%, respectively. Integrating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) imparts photo‐thermal effect and enables “on” and “off” switch under near‐infrared light to LCER vitrimer. Furthermore, the CNTs/LCER vitrimer displays light‐induced actuation, self‐repairing, and self‐welding besides the closed‐loop recycling and rapid degradation performance.
Synthesis of Closely‐Contacted Cu2O‐CoWO4 Nanosheet Composites for Cuproptosis Therapy to Tumors With Sonodynamic and Photothermal Assistance
Authors: Yang Zhuoran , Li Zhuo , Yang Chunyu , Meng Li , Guo Wei , Jing Liqiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCuproptosis offers a promising and selective therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. To fully realize its potential, the development of novel cuproptosis therapeutic agents and the achievement of efficient copper release are critical steps forward. Herein, closely‐contacted Cu2O‐CoWO4 nanosheet heterojunctions (CCW‐NH) are successfully synthesized using an in‐situ process for cuproptosis therapy. The efficient release of copper ions from CCW‐NH can be triggered by ultrasound irradiation, primarily due to the generation of superoxide radicals as the sonodynamic agents via the Z‐scheme charge transfer mechanism. When subjected to the combined effects of ultrasound and laser irradiation, the effective release of copper ions is increased by 1.7 times compared to the untreated group, significantly enhancing the efficiency of cuproptosis. And the incorporation of CCW‐NH and L‐arginine into the temperature‐sensitive injectable hydrogel (HP‐CCW@LA) ultimately achieved a tumor inhibition rate of up to 95.1%. L‐arginine, serving as a reducing agent, enabled the sustained release of highly active Cu+ during treatment. Notably, after treating tumors with HP‐CCW@LA, the tumor microenvironment is leveraged to promote copper ion conversion, which offers the potential for monitoring tumor therapy efficacy through magnetic resonance imaging. This work offers a novel integrated strategy for the development of new cuproptosis agents and therapeutic evaluation.
Aligned Hollow Silicon Nanorods Containing Ionic Liquid Enhanced Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Superior Cycling and Rate Performance
Authors: Gao Xinglong , Zheng Zhong , Pan Yifan , Song Shuyi , Xu Zhen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe low lithium‐ion conductivity of polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based polymer electrolytes limits their application in solid‐state lithium batteries and related fields. Here, ionic liquids (ILs) are injected into hollow silicon nanorods (HSNRs) to prepare a composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) with aligned HSNRs containing ILs (F‐ILs@HSNRs). Applying a magnetic field promoted uniform dispersion and orientation of F‐ILs@HSNRs in CSPE. The addition of F‐ILs@HSNRs reduced PEO crystallinity and formed Li+ transport pathways at the F‐ILs@HSNRs/PEO interface. Calculations and multi‐physics simulations reveal that ILs within F‐ILs@HSNRs contribute most to lithium‐ion conduction, followed by the F‐ILs@HSNRs/PEO interface. When F‐ILs@HSNRs are arranged perpendicular to the electrodes, the CSPE exhibits the shortest Li+ migration pathways, resulting in stable and efficient lithium‐ion conduction. The conductivity (2.14 × 10−4 S cm−1) and lithium‐ion migration number tLi+ (0.307) are the highest, being 125 times and 184% higher, respectively, than those of PEO‐LiTFSI, when compared to CSPEs with randomly arranged or parallel‐aligned F‐ILs@HSNRs. Furthermore, Li|CSPE|Li batteries and LiFePO4|CSPE|Li batteries display stable cycling for over 2000 h, with coulombic efficiency approaching 100%. Excellent electrochemical reversibility is also confirmed in the rate performance test.
Stabilized Carbon Radical‐Mediated Assembly of Arylthianthrenium Salts, Alkenes and Amino Acid/Peptide Derivatives
Authors: Dong Bo , Qi Weiguan , Chen Yifeng , Zhang Yufei , Gu Shiyu , Zhao Jianlin , Zhou Qingfa , Shen Jian , Xie Lan‐Gui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEfficiently assembling amino acids and peptides with bioactive molecules facilitates the modular and streamlined synthesis of a diverse library of peptide‐related compounds. Particularly notable is their application in pharmaceutical development, leveraging site‐selective late‐stage functionalization. Here, a visible light‐induced three‐component reaction involving arylthianthrenium salts, amino acid/peptide derivatives, and alkenes are introduced. This approach utilizes captodatively‐stabilized carbon radicals to enable radical‐radical C─C coupling, effectively constructing complex bioactive molecules. This method offers a promising alternative route for modular synthesis of peptide‐derived bio‐relevant compounds
Wedge‐Like Microstructure of Al2O3/i‐Ti3C2Tx Electrode with “Nano‐Pumping” Effect for Boosting Ion Diffusion and Electrochemical Defluoridation
Authors: Wang Junce , Chen Jinfeng , Liu Ningning , Lei Jingjing , Gao Hong‐Wen , Yu Fei , Pan Fanghui , Ma Jie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractControlled synthesis and regulation of 2D nanomaterials with sufficient active sites are promising in electrochemical fluorine capture, but simultaneously achieving rapid rates and efficient activity of intercalation materials remains challengs. Herein, an integrated strategy of micro‐regulation interlayer space and in situ modification of MXenes is proposed to enhance ion storage kinetics. The wedge‐like microstructure of aluminum oxide/incomplete‐Ti3C2Tx MXene (Al2O3/i‐Ti3C2 Tx) is constructed by incomplete etching MAX and in situ derivation of A‐layer element, in which the sub‐nanoscale interlayer space is conducive to the small size ions intercalation, and the formation of “nanopump‐like” effect boosted the ions diffusion. As evidenced by simulation calculations, Al2O3 nanoparticles not only shorten the migration distance of electrons/hydrated ions in interlayers but also contribute a lower adsorption energy barrier, bringing excellent capture kinetics and stability. Benefiting from the interfacial conversion‐intercalation pseudocapacitance, such electrode is endowed with a high defluoridation capacity (69.9 mg g−1 at 1.6V) and an outstanding instantaneous adsorption rate (9.51 mg g−1 min−1), and shows satisfactory stability in more than 200 cycles. The physicochemical coupling strategy opens a novel approach to optimizing the interlayer structure and in situ modification interface of MXene, which also provids a universal idea for efficient capture of varisized ions of intercalation materials.
Innovative Hydrogel Design: Tailoring Immunomodulation for Optimal Chronic Wound Recovery
Authors: Lai Chun‐Mei , Chen Wei‐Ji , Qin Yuan , Xu Di , Lai Yue‐Kun , He Shao‐Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite significant progress in tissue engineering, the full regeneration of chronic wounds persists as a major challenge, with the immune response to tissue damage being a key determinant of the healing process's quality and duration. Post‐injury, a crucial aspect is the transition of macrophages from a pro‐inflammatory state to an anti‐inflammatory. Thus, this alteration in macrophage polarization presents an enticing avenue within the realm of regenerative medicine. Recent advancements have entailed the integration of a myriad of cellular and molecular signals into hydrogel‐based constructs, enabling the fine‐tuning of immune cell activities during different phases. This discussion explores modern insights into immune cell roles in skin regeneration, underscoring the key role of immune modulation in amplifying the overall efficacy of wounds. Moreover, a comprehensive review is presented on the latest sophisticated technologies employed in the design of immunomodulatory hydrogels to regulate macrophage polarization. Furthermore, the deliberate design of hydrogels to deliver targeted immune stimulation through manipulation of chemistry and cell integration is also emphasized. Moreover, an overview is provided regarding the influence of hydrogel properties on immune traits and tissue regeneration process. Conclusively, the accent is on forthcoming pathways directed toward modulating immune responses in the milieu of chronic healing.
A Self‐Organizing Map Spiking Neural Network Based on Tin Oxide Memristive Synapses and Neurons
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Yanzhong , Wang Yanji , Wang Xinpeng , Zhang Hao , Xu Rongqing , Tong Yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeuromorphic computing systems are promising alternatives in areas such as pattern recognition and image processing. This work focuses on the fabrication of tin oxide memristors (Ag/SnO2/Pt) to emulate artificial synapses and neurons. These tin oxide memristors demonstrate stable switching between threshold switch (TS) and resistive switch (RS) modes, achieved by adjusting the compliance current. Notably, this memristor achieves extremely low switching voltage and excellent cycle endurance. Moreover, the conductance value of the memristor can continuously transform under different illumination conditions, such as white light and purple light. A single tin oxide memristor device is used to model typical neuromorphic responses, such as synaptic plasticity and artificial neuron impulse responses. This approach offers a promising solution for high‐density, low‐power, brain‐inspired computing chips. Additionally, memristive Leaky Integrate‐and‐Fire (LIF) neuron and synapse models are designed and integrated for the first time into a Self‐Organizing Map Spiking Neural Network (SOM‐SNN) architecture. Applying this architecture to an unsupervised learning self‐organizing map memristor SNN achieved an impressive 94% recognition rate on the MNIST dataset. This study elucidates the potential for seamlessly integrating memristors into neuromorphic systems.
Computational Microscopy of Spatial Dopant Distribution in Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Wheeler Joshua , Zozoulenko Igor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConjugated organic polymers are becoming increasingly important for numerous applications due to their tunable properties, which are often optimized through doping. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the distribution of the molecular dopant Mo(tfd–COCF3)3 in the conjugated polymer p(g42T–T), aiming to compare the theoretical findings with the experimental results of Persson et al., who used electron tomography to explore the dopant's 3D spatial distribution (Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 15404). Simulations reveal a random dopant distribution with no evidence of clustering, contrasting with Persson et al.’s observations of isolated molecules and small clusters. The discrepancy is suggested to be due to a possible difference in dopant density between the simulations and the experimental system, and potential explanations for this difference are proposed. The study highlights the need for further experimental and theoretical efforts to resolve these apparent discrepancies in dopant distributions.