bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared genomic segments in high‐risk multigenerational pedigrees with gastroschisis
Authors: Feldkamp Marcia L. , Krikov Sergey , Gardner John , Madsen Myke J. , Darlington Todd , Sargent Rob , Camp Nicola J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesGastroschisis remains an etiologic dilemma. We posit that an underlying genetic susceptibility either separately or coupled with a periconceptional environmental exposure stimulates an inflammatory response resulting in gastroschisis. To investigate the genetic link, we applied shared genomic segment (SGS) analysis, a novel approach to discover chromosomal segments that inherit in high‐risk multigenerational pedigrees.MethodsWe studied pedigrees containing distantly related children with gastroschisis originating from a common ancestor. We used the Illumina OmniExpress genotyping array with >700,000 SNPs. Samples from 40 affected children in 13 pedigrees (≥3 affected children) were genotyped to generate the high‐density SNP data necessary to perform SGS analysis. Assessment of significance in SGS was determined empirically using simulations based on precise pedigree structure and modeling linkage disequilibrium (LD) for SNPs in the general population to properly account for genetic architecture. The LD model was estimated from the 1000 Genome Project using the same set of SNPs. Genome‐wide significance thresholds were determined for each pedigree.ResultsWe identified six pedigrees that contained genome‐wide statistically significant SGS regions inherited from a common founder. These regions were different in each pedigree, all contained immune pathway genes.DiscussionThe genome‐wide significant regions support a genetic susceptibility for gastroschisis. The regions are compelling candidates for regionally focused genome sequencing, enabling the discovery of coding or noncoding (e.g., regulatory) risk variants, the latter of which are unlikely to be found using conventional exomic/gene‐focused approaches. This technique provides a comprehensive and focused genomic interrogation that will help to advance our understanding of gastroschisis.
Simultaneous bioanalysis and pharmacokinetic interaction study of acebrophylline, levocetirizine and pranlukast in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Lohar Priyanka , Sharma Manish Kumar , Sahu Amit Kumar , Rathod Rajeswari , Sengupta Pinaki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe combination of acebrophylline (ABP), levocetirizine (LCZ) and pranlukast (PRN) is used to treat allergic rhinitis, asthma, hay‐fever and other conditions where patients experience difficulty in breathing. This study was carried out with the aim of developing and validating a reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic bioanalytical method to simultaneously quantitate ABP, LCZ and PRN in rat plasma. The objective also includes determination of the pharmacokinetic interaction of these three drugs after administration via the oral route after individual and combination treatment in rat. Optimum resolution between the analytes was observed with a C18 Kinetex column (250 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm). The chromatography was performed in a gradient elution mode with a 1 mL/min flow rate. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 100–1600 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy were found to be within acceptable limits as specified in US Food and Drug Administration guideline for bioanalytical method validation. The analytes were stable on the bench‐top (8 h), after three freeze–thaw cycles, in the autosampler (8 h) and as a dry extract (−80°C for 48 h). The statistical results of the pharmacokinetic study in Sprague–Dawley rats showed a significant change in pharmacokinetic parameters for PRN upon co‐administration of the three drugs.
Han Chinese family with early‐onset Parkinson's disease carries novel compound heterozygous mutations in the PARK2 gene
Authors: Huang Ting , Gao Chen‐Yu , Wu Liang , Gong Peng‐Yu , Wang Ji‐Zheng , Tian You‐Yong , Zhang Ying‐Dong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo identify deletions, duplications, and point mutations in 55 previously reported genes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and certain genes associated with tremor, spinocerebellar ataxia, and dystonia in a Han Chinese pedigree with early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD).Patients and MethodsClinical examinations and genomic analyses were performed on six subjects belonging to three generations of a Han Chinese family. Target region capture and high‐throughput sequencing were used to screen these genes associated with PD, tremor, spinocerebellar ataxia, and dystonia. The multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) method was applied to detect rearrangements in PARK2 exons. Direct Sanger sequencing of samples from all subjects further verified the detected abnormal PRKRA, SPTBN2, and ATXN2 gene fragments.ResultsTwo family members were diagnosed with PD based on the clinical manifestations, imaging analyses. PARK2 gene heterozygous deletion of exon 3 and heterozygous duplication of exon 6 were identified in them (II‐3 and 4). A single heterozygous deletion of exon 3 in PARK2 was detected in II‐5 and III‐10. A single duplication of exon 6 in PARK2 was detected in I1. Both the heterozygous mutation c.2834G>A (p. R945H) in exon 16 and the heterozygous mutation c.1924 C>T (p. R642W) in exon 14 of the SPTBN2 gene were identified in II‐3, II‐4, and III‐10. The heterozygous mutation c.2989 C>T (p. R997X) in exon 24 of the ATXN2 gene was detected in II‐4 and II‐5, and the heterozygous mutation c.170 C>A (p. S57Y) in exon 2 of the PRKRA gene was detected in II‐3, II‐4, and III‐10. Other mutations in some genes associated with PD, tremor, spinocerebellar ataxia, and dystonia were not detected.ConclusionsNovel compound heterozygous mutations were identified in a Han Chinese pedigree and might represent a cause of EOPD.
Role of medical imaging for immune checkpoint blockade therapy: From response assessment to prognosis prediction
Authors: Wei Hong , Jiang Hanyu , Song Bin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) represents a promising approach in cancer therapy. Owing to the peculiar biologic mechanisms of anticancer activity, checkpoint blockers are accompanied with distinctive response patterns and toxicity profiles. Medical imaging is the cornerstone for response assessment to immunotherapy and plays a critical role in monitoring of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Imaging‐based biomarkers have shown tremendous potential for the prediction of therapeutic efficacies and clinical outcomes in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors. In this article, the landscape of current response assessment systems for immunotherapy was reviewed with a special focus on the latest advances in the assessment of responses to ICB. Emerging imaging biomarkers were discussed along with the challenges regarding their clinical transformation. In addition, the biological mechanisms and clinical applications of ICB and irAEs were also within the scope of this review.
Changing trends in the disease burden of primary liver cancer caused by specific etiologies in China
Authors: Liu Zhenqiu , Mao Xianhua , Jiang Yanfeng , Cai Ning , Jin Li , Zhang Tiejun , Chen Xingdong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundLiver cancer is a commonly diagnosed malignancy in China. The etiologies of liver cancer are widely known, although studies on temporal trends in liver cancer caused by specific etiologies are rare.MethodsData on the incidence and mortality of liver cancer were retrieved from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2017. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify temporal trends in the age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and the age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of liver cancer from 1990 to 2017.ResultsNationwide, the number of incident cases of liver cancer increased from 258 000 in 1990 to 515 900 in 2017. The ASIR decreased from 27.16 per 100 000 to 26.04 per 100 000 during this period, with an EAPC of −0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.84, −0.44). The number of deaths increased from 245 300 in 1990 to 418 200 in 2017, and the ASMR decreased from 26.72 to 21.30 (EAPC = −1.16, 95% CI −1.35, −0.97). The most pronounced decreases in the ASIR and ASMR were observed in liver cancer due to hepatitis B and in people aged 15‐49 years.ConclusionsSince the extensive efforts for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection, the incidence of liver cancer due to hepatitis B has significantly decreased. However, liver cancer due to hepatitis C, NASH, and other causes remains a major public health concern. Additional preventive strategies tailored to liver cancer are needed to further reduce its disease burden in China.
2D Stacks of MXene Ti3C2 and 1T‐Phase WS2 with Enhanced Capacitive Behavior
Authors: Vyskočil Jan , Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C. , Szőkölová Kateřina , Dash Apurv , Gonzalez‐Julian Jesus , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMXene‐based materials play an important role in the field of energy storage devices, owing to their layered structure with gravimetric/volumetric capacitances higher than that of graphene. However, owing to their tendency to bond to hydrogen or due to van der Walls forces, their performance is often reduced by the restacking of layers and subsequent reduction of their active surface area. In this work, we investigate the charge storage capacitance enhancement after inserting 1T‐phase WS2 nanospacers into the matrix of MXene Ti3C2 through a simple sonication‐assisted procedure, forming a 2D stack structure. We demonstrated that each exfoliation step enhances the capacitive behavior when compared to the starting MAX phase (Ti3AlC2). This new sandwich material shall have profound influence on the construction of 2D materials‐based supercapacitors.
Selective Effect of Gel Polymer Electrolytes on Suppressing Decomposition and Evaporation of Electrolyte in Acetonitrile‐Based Supercapacitors at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Park Habin , Yong Hansol , Jung Jongwon , Jung Cheolsoo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAcetonitrile‐based liquid electrolytes have been used in supercapacitors due to their high ionic conductivity, but they have drawbacks when operated at elevated temperature. The electrochemical performances of acetonitrile‐based activated carbon (AC) supercapacitors are improved by two gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) functionalized in a bulk electrolyte and at the AC interface. A GPE with poly(ethylene glycol) suppresses the evaporation of acetonitrile at the bulk electrolyte during resting and cycling at 80 °C effectively. A GPE with an isocyanate group obtained by curing after impregnated into AC has an exceptional effect on suppressing the anodic decomposition of the liquid electrolyte even at elevated temperature. This parallel effect is verified through investigations of electrolytic decomposition at specific potentials of positive and negative electrodes, cycling stability of the assembled supercapacitors at 3.0 V, and change in the impedance parameters during cycling. In addition, a mechanism for the stabilization of electrolyte by an isocyanate is suggested.
A predictive model for the time dependence of concentrations in plating baths
Authors: Baumer Christoph , Bund Andreas , Herrmann Johannes 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn industrial electroplating process is usually based on a long‐term and intensive use of the electrolytes. In most cases, ten to several hundred metal turnovers (MTO) are deposited from a commercial bath. As a consequence, the composition of the electrolyte can change drastically during its use. Furthermore, some bath components are difficult to determine and therefore are not analyzed routinely or not analyzed at all. In this paper is shown how the control of the electrolytes can be realized by mass balances and analyzing of the main components. For this purpose, a nonlinear model for the calculation of the concentration considering drag‐out and the reaction mechanism is defined. Based on this model, the composition of the electrolyte is simulated considering the replenishment and dilution of the bath. By using simulated annealing, the simulated concentrations are fitted to the real concentrations. Based on the known reaction system, the normally unknown characteristic parameters of the deposition like drag‐out, deposited mass, current efficiency, and alloy composition are obtained. These values can then be used for improving process control and calculations of regular additions of bath components. Additionally, this procedure describes a general systematic to validate hypothetical considerations of the reaction mechanism in a galvanic process by practical data.
Are the Accompanying Cations of Doping Anions Influential in Conducting Organic Polymers? The Case of the Popular PEDOT
Authors: Fuentes Isabel , Mostazo‐López María José , Kelemen Zsolt , Compañ Vicente , Andrio Andreu , Morallón Emilia , Cazorla‐Amorós Diego , Viñas Clara , Teixidor Francesc 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConducting organic polymers (COPs) are made of a conjugated polymer backbone supporting a certain degree of oxidation. These positive charges are compensated by the doping anions that are introduced into the polymer synthesis along with their accompanying cations. In this work, the influence of these cations on the stoichiometry and physicochemical properties of the resulting COPs have been investigated, something that has previously been overlooked, but, as here proven, is highly relevant. As the doping anion, metallacarborane [Co(C2B9H11)2]− was chosen, which acts as a thistle. This anion binds to the accompanying cation with a distinct strength. If the binding strength is weak, the doping anion is more prone to compensate the positive charge of the polymer, and the opposite is also true. Thus, the ability of the doping anion to compensate the positive charges of the polymer can be tuned, and this determines the stoichiometry of the polymer. As the polymer, PEDOT was studied, whereas Cs+, Na+, K+, Li+, and H+ as cations. Notably, with the [Co(C2B9H11)2]− anions, these cations are grouped into two sets, Cs+ and H+ in one and Na+, K+, and Li+ in the second, according to the stoichiometry of the COPs: 2:1 EDOT/[Co(C2B9H11)2]− for Cs+ and H+, and 3:1 EDOT/[Co(C2B9H11)2]− for Na+, K+, and Li+. The distinct stoichiometries are manifested in the physicochemical properties of the COPs, namely in the electrochemical response, electronic conductivity, ionic conductivity, and capacitance.
Optimization of ASE and SPE conditions for the HPLC‐FLD detection of piperazine in chicken tissues and pork
Authors: Liu Chujun , Xie Xing , Wang Bo , Zhao Xia , Guo Yawen , Zhang Yangyang , Bu Xiaona , Xie Kaizhou , Wang Yajuan , Zhang Tao , Zhang Genxi , Liu Xuezhong , Dai Guojun , Wang Jinyu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and solid‐phase extraction (SPE) conditions were optimized by a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐fluorescence detector (HPLC‐FLD) method for the detection of piperazine in chicken tissues and pork. Piperazine residues were determined by precolumn derivatization with trimethylamine and dansyl chloride. Samples were extracted with 2% formic acid in acetonitrile using an ASE apparatus and purified using a Strata‐X‐C SPE column. The monosubstituted product of the reaction of piperazine with dansyl chloride was 1‐dansyl piperazine (1‐DNS‐piperazine). Chromatographic separations were performed on an Athena C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, id: 5 μm) with gradient elution using ultrapure water and acetonitrile (5:95, V/V) as the mobile phase. The calibration curves showed good linearity over a concentration range of LOQ‐200.0 μg/kg with a coefficient of determination (R2) ≥ .9992. The recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSD values) ranged from 78.49% to 97.56% and 1.19% to 5.32%, respectively, across the limit of quantification (LOQ) and 0.5, 1, and 2.0 times the maximum residue limit (MRL; μg/kg). The limits of detection (LODs) and LOQs were 0.96 to 1.85 μg/kg and 3.20 to 5.50 μg/kg, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the validation of animal products in the laboratory.
Einfluss ausgewählter Medienstrukturparameter auf das Betriebsverhalten von Ölnebelfiltern
Authors: Penner Thomas , Heikamp Wolfgang , Meyer Jörg , Dittler Achim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDie bei der Filtration von Ölnebel maßgeblichen Mechanismen und ihre Auswirkungen auf das Betriebsverhalten der Filter standen in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmend im Fokus der Forschung und sind qualitativ mittlerweile weitgehend verstanden. Bisher ist jedoch wenig Systematisches bekannt über den Zusammenhang zwischen Struktureigenschaften des Filtermediums und den Betriebseigenschaften der Filter. Für die Identifikation filtrationsrelevanter Strukturparameter wurden textile Eigenschaften von Filtermedien mithilfe diverser Methoden charakterisiert. Die charakterisierten Medien wurden in Filtrationsversuchen hinsichtlich ihrer Betriebseigenschaften untersucht und miteinander verglichen.
Hightech „made in China“ ‐ ein Praxisbericht
Authors: Karau Werner 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDie Nutzung chinesischer Fertigungsanlagen wird für viele westliche OEMs immer interessanter. Sie lohnt sich für spezialisierte Fertiger bei einem relativ hohen Produktmix schon in einem mittleren Stückzahlenbereich, für den die Vollautomatisierung in den USA oder Europa nicht als ökonomisch angesehen wird. Auch Prototypenhersteller eignen sich nicht als Alternative, da sie meist nicht über genügend Kapazitäten verfügen, um den notwendigen Output zu kompetitiven Preisen zu erreichen. Hier bietet sich die Gründung einer Niederlassung oder die Beauftragung von in China angesiedelten Lohnfertigern an – ein Vorgehen, das zum Teil jedoch sehr kontrovers diskutiert wird. Seine China‐Erfahrungen teilt hier Flexan, ein US‐amerikanischer Auftragsfertiger. Das Unternehmen produziert seit 2004 in China. In der Fabrik in Suzhou werden hochvolumige Elastomer‐Formteile hergestellt sowie unterschiedlichste Silikon‐Formteile im Reinraum.
Skalierbar und flexibel
Authors: Gerke Sebastian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn Umkehrosmose‐ und Nanofiltrationsanlagen zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung übernehmen leistungsfähige Filtermembranen mehrere wichtige Aufgaben wie die Entfernung von Mikroorganismen, Partikeln, Salzen und anderen Inhaltsstoffen. Daher ist die sichere überwachung ihrer Funktion für eine hohe Wasserqualität und einen zuverlässigen Betrieb unerlässlich. Die Stadtwerke Pforzheim setzen dafür bei ihrer neuen Umkehrosmoseanlage ein skalierbares und flexibles Permeat‐Monitoring‐System ein, das schon kleinste Leckagen oder Membranbrüche in kürzester Zeit detektiert, dokumentiert und meldet. Das sorgt nicht nur jederzeit für sauberes Trinkwasser, sondern erspart dem Anlagenbetreiber aufwändige manuelle Probenahmen.
Auf der sicheren Seite
Authors: Biberian Ariane 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDie Mitarbeiter im Chemiewerk von Dow in Stade tragen seit mehr als zehn Jahren fast ausschließlich Schutzanzüge von DuPont Personal Protection, Luxemburg. Der Chemiekonzern plant die Ausweitung auf andere deutsche Standorte. Dies ermöglicht nicht nur eine Senkung der Kosten durch Nutzung von Synergieeffekten, sondern dient vor allem dazu, die Sicherheit aller Mitarbeiter durch die Harmonisierung der verwendeten Produkte weiter zu verbessern.
Schlüssel zum Erfolg: Service 4.0
Authors: Tappe Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNur wer sicherstellt, dass seine Systeme möglichst ohne unerwünschte und in der Regel teure Stillstandszeiten einsatzbereit sind, kann sich in hart umkämpften Märkten behaupten und wirtschaftlich gegen den Wettbewerb bestehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund kommt
Schaumbildung im Griff
Authors: Vormoor Michaela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEffiziente Produktion und minimale Kosten ‐ so oder so ähnlich lassen sich die Herausforderung vieler Chemieunternehmen sicherlich beschreiben. Daher wird ein kosteneffektiver und sicherer Anlagenbetrieb entlang des kompletten Wertschöpfungsprozesse und während des gesamten Lebenszyklus angestrebt. Diesen Herausforderungen müssen sich aber nicht nur Chemieunternehmen stellen, sondern sie gewinnen auch für Chemiepark‐Betreiber immer mehr an Bedeutung. Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und eine gezielte Prozessoptimierung mit Hinblick auf Reduktion der Betriebskosten ist dabei das ständige Ziel. Eine wirtschaftliche Lösung zur optimalen Zudosierung von Entschäumer wurde nun im Infrapark Baselland durch die Nutzung der Heartbeat Technology von Endress+Hauser realisiert.
An improvised indexing technique for XML data over multiple channels in wireless environment: (1, Xm) method
Authors: Goel Vikas , Gautam Deepali , Gupta Amit , Kumar Sachin 
Published: August 2019

SummaryWireless broadcasting is the new emerging standard for disseminating the information. It also exploits the feature of mobile computing environment, i.e., an asymmetric environment where the bandwidth of downloading is much higher than the bandwidth of uploading. Due to the small devices, created to hold the feature of portability, various difficulties are imposed on the system. The mobile client follows some energy restricted traits to be efficient. Those traits are access time and tuning time. Access time basically tells the efficiency of the system by specifying how fast a user may get data. But tuning time measures the battery life of the device. In this paper, we have proposed (1, Xm) method to deal with these. Here, Xm basically implies the XML data passing on to the multiple channels. In this technique, we have sent data by indexing onto two different channels: index and data channel. We have analyzed the performance of the proposed indexing technique. To prove its validity, the improved results are compared with the former indexing techniques analytically and experimentally.
Development of a switching and focusing mechanism of shock wave and expansion wave using the discharge phenomena of electrically induced microbubbles
Authors: Ichikawa Keita , Yamanishi Yoko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA novel needle‐free injection system by electrically induced microbubbles has been developed. First of all, we evaluated the depth of injected reagent for evaluating injection performance. Then, the cavitation‐induced shock wave has been focused to magnify the injection performance by semispherical reflector. We successfully visualized the shock wave by the schlieren method and succeeded in measuring the pressure of focused shock wave and expansion wave by hydrophone.