bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tibial Spine Fractures in Children: Evaluation, Management, and Future Directions
Authors: Adams Alexander , Talathi Nakul , Gandhi Jigar , Patel Neeraj , Ganley Theodore 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFractures of the tibial spine are estimated to occur in 3 per 100,000 children annually, but account for 2 to 5% of pediatric knee injuries with effusion. Although these fractures were historically associated with bicycle accidents, the surge of organized youth sports in recent decades has brought renewed attention to this injury. While minimally displaced fractures can be treated nonoperatively, several techniques have been described for fixation of displaced or comminuted fractures. Sequelae of this injury can include arthrofibrosis, knee instability, and nonunion. Future collaborative endeavors will aim to further identify risk factors for these complications to optimize the treatment of tibial spine fractures in children.
Impact of electrosurgical unit mode on post esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection stricture in an in vivo porcine model
Authors: Tonai Yusuke , Ishihara Ryu , Yamasaki Yasushi , Arao Masamichi , Iwatsubo Taro , Kato Minoru , Suzuki Syo , Hamada Kenta , Shichijo Satoki , Matsuura Noriko , Kanesaka Takashi , Nakahira Hiroko , Yamamoto Sachiko , Akasaka Tomofumi , Hanaoka Noboru , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Tomita Yasuhiko , Iishi Hiroyasu 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background and aim Strictures are a major complication of esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal carcinoma. Post ESD, stricture develops during the process of scar formation, which is related to inflammation caused by ESD. We planned a study to evaluate whether certain electrosurgical unit modes could attenuate strictures after esophageal ESD.
Methods A total of 16 ESD, three-quarters of the esophageal circumference, were performed in four live pigs. A ball-tip Flush knife was used for mucosal incision. Submucosal dissection was performed using a Hook knife in monopolar mode and a ball-tip Jet B-knife in bipolar mode. Applied electrosurgical unit modes were FORCED COAG, SWIFT COAG, SPRAY COAG, ENDO CUT in monopolar mode, and FORCED COAG in bipolar mode. One month after ESD, the pigs were killed humanely and the severity of strictures and fibrosis was assessed.
Results The resected site in the esophagus showed complete mucosal regrowth and scar formation in all pigs. The quotients of stricture following ENDO CUT, SWIFT COAG, FORCED COAG effect2, FORCED COAG effect3, FORCED COAG effect4, SPRAY COAG, and Bipolar FORCED COAG mode were 16 %, 28 %, 38 %, 33 %, 51 %, 39 %, and 47 %, respectively. The equivalent quotients of fibrosis were 7 %, 28 %, 31 %, 30 %, 35 %, 63 %, and 100 %, respectively. ENDO CUT mode was associated with the lowest mean quotients of stricture and fibrosis.
Conclusion ENDO CUT mode showed promising results to attenuate fibrosis and strictures after esophageal ESD.
Presentation of Original Research at the European Congress of Radiology 2010: Frequency of Publication in Medline-Indexed Journals Within 5 Years After Presentation
Authors: Dollinger Marco , Zeman Florian , Müller-Wille René , Beyer Lukas , Stroszczynski Christian , Bley Thorsten , Wiggermann Philipp 
Published: March 2018

Objectives To determine the rate at which original studies presented orally at the European Congress of Radiology (ECR) 2010 were published in Medline-indexed journals and to identify factors predictive of publication.
Methods A total of 869 abstracts were included in the study. A Medline search of articles published between March 2010 and February 2015 was conducted to identify articles written by the first, second, and/or last authors of all abstracts published in the Scientific Program of ECR 2010. The publication year, journal, country of origin, subspecialty and nature of the research (i. e., human, animal or technical) were recorded.
Results Between March 2010 and February 2015 a total of 450 abstracts (publication rate, 51.8 %) were subsequently published in 125 Medline-indexed journals, chiefly in European Radiology (11.1 %). 443/450 (98.4 %) articles were published in English language. The subspecialties of molecular imaging and cardiac imaging had the highest publication rates (75.0 % and 62.0 %, respectively), while computer application studies had the lowest (27.6 %). The nature of research, origin of the abstract and subspecialty significantly influenced the subsequent publication rate.
Conclusion More than half of the original studies presented orally at ECR 2010 were subsequently published in Medline-indexed journals. More articles were published in the journal European Radiology than in any other identified journal.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Inanspruchnahme und Versorgungslücken in der Frühintervention und -behandlung: Nehmen junge Erwachsene mit Migrationshintergrund ein spezialisiertes Frühinterventionsangebot für psychotische Störungen an?
Authors: Zarafonitis-Müller Susanna , Leopold Karolina , Batra Marcel , Kallenbach Michèle , Burkhardt Eva , Jäckel Dorothea , Bechdolf Andreas 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Charakteristika von Patienten mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund des Frühinterventions- und Therapiezentrums (FRITZ) für junge Erwachsene mit Psychosen zu untersuchen.
Methodik Soziodemografische und klinische Daten wurden retrospektiv erhoben (N = 110).
Ergebnisse Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund waren nicht unterrepräsentiert und verfügten über höhere soziale Adaption, jedoch geringere Krankheitseinsicht. Sie nahmen weniger stationäre Behandlungen in Anspruch.
Schlussfolgerung Das FRITZ wird sowohl von Patienten mit als auch ohne Migrationshintergrund positiv angenommen.
Effectiveness and safety of endoscopic radial incision and cutting for severe benign anastomotic stenosis after surgery for colorectal carcinoma: a three-case series
Authors: Asayama Naoki , Nagata Shinji , Shigita Kenjiro , Aoyama Taiki , Fukumoto Akira , Mukai Shinichi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBenign colonic anastomotic stenosis sometimes occurs after surgical resection and usually requires surgical or endoscopic dilation. Limited data are available on the effectiveness and safety of the endoscopic radial incision and cutting (RIC) method at sites other than the esophagus. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of RIC dilation for severe benign anastomotic colonic stenosis. Subjects were 3 men (median age 72 years, range 65 – 76 years) who developed severe benign anastomotic stenosis after surgical resection for colorectal carcinoma and were subsequently treated by RIC dilation at Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital between May 2014 and December 2016. Severe anastomotic stenosis was defined as a narrowed anastomosis through which a standard colonoscope could not be passed. The median interval from surgery to RIC was 21 months (range 9 – 29 months). RIC was successful in all 3 patients and reduced the severity of dyschezia postoperatively; 2 patients experienced improvement after a single RIC session and the other after 6 RIC sessions. No treatment-related adverse events or re-stenosis requiring repeat dilation was noted during a median follow-up of 27 months (range 8 – 37 months). Our findings indicate that the RIC technique can be applied safely and effectively to various sites in the colon, avoiding the need for reoperation.
The classification of generalized Riemann derivatives
Authors: Ash J. , Catoiu Stefan , Chin William 
Published: March 2018

A generalized

n
n

th Riemann derivative of a real function

f
f

at

x
x

is given by
\[

lim

h
→
0

1

h
n

∑

i
=
1

m

A

i

f
(
x
+

a

i

h
)
.

\lim _{h\rightarrow 0}\frac 1{h^n} \sum _{i=1}^{m}A_{i}f(x+a_{i}h).

\]
The above sum

Δ

A

\Delta _{\mathcal {A}}

is called an

n
n

th generalized Riemann difference. The data vector

A

=
{

A
1

,
…
,

A
m

;

a
1

,
…
,

a
m

}

\mathcal {A}=\{A_1,\ldots ,A_m;a_1,\ldots ,a_m\}

satisfies suitable conditions that make the limit agree with

f

(
n
)

(
x
)

f^{(n)}(x)

whenever this exists. We explain the underlying reason for a surprising relationship between certain generalized

n
n

th Riemann derivatives recently discovered by Ash, Catoiu, and Csörnyei. We characterize all pairs

(

Δ

A

,

Δ

B

)

(\Delta _{\mathcal {A}},\Delta _{\mathcal {B}})

of generalized Riemann differences of any orders for which

A

\mathcal {A}

-differentiability implies

B

\mathcal {B}

-differentiability. Two generalized Riemann derivatives

A

\mathcal {A}

and

B

\mathcal {B}

are equivalent if a function has a derivative in the sense of

A

\mathcal {A}

at a real number

x
x

if and only if it has a derivative in the sense of

B

\mathcal {B}

at

x
x

. We determine the equivalence classes for this equivalence relation. The classification of these by now classical objects of real analysis was made possible by using a less known and less studied notion from algebra, the group algebra of the multiplicative group

R

+

\mathbb {R}^{+}

of the positive reals over the field

R

\mathbb {R}

of real numbers.
Combining solar power with coal-fired power plants, or cofiring natural gas
Authors: Mills Stephen 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Coal-fired power operators continue to look for ways to increase the efficiency and extend the working lives of their plants by improving operational flexibility and reducing environmental impact. Two possible options are explored here: combining solar energy with coal-fired power generation, and cofiring natural gas in coal-fired plants. Both techniques show potential. Depending on the individual circumstances, both can increase the flexibility of a power plant whilst reducing its emissions. In some cases, plant costs could also be reduced. Clearly, any solar-based system is limited geographically to locations that receive consistently high levels of solar radiation. Similarly, although many coal-fired plants already burn limited amounts of gas alongside their coal feed, for cofiring at a significant level, a reliable, affordable supply of natural gas is needed. This is not the case everywhere. But for each technology, there are niche and mainstream locations where the criteria can be met. The need for good solar radiation means that the uptake of coal-solar hybrids will be limited. Cofiring natural gas has wider potential: currently, the largest near-term market appears to be for application to existing coal-fired plants in the USA. However, where gas is available and affordable, potential markets also exist in some other countries.
CO2-induced destabilization of pyrite-structured FeO2Hx in the lower mantle
Authors: Boulard Eglantine , Guyot François , Menguy Nicolas , Corgne Alexandre , Auzende Anne-Line , Perrillat Jean-Philippe , Fiquet Guillaume 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Volatiles, such as carbon and water, modulate the Earth's mantle rheology, partial melting and redox state, thereby playing a crucial role in the Earth's internal dynamics. We experimentally show the transformation of goethite FeOOH in the presence of CO2 into a tetrahedral carbonate phase, Fe4C3O12, at conditions above 107 GPa—2300 K. At temperatures below 2300 K, no interactions are evidenced between goethite and CO2, and instead a pyrite-structured FeO2Hx is formed as recently reported by Hu et al. (2016; 2017) and Nishi et al. (2017). The interpretation is that, above a critical temperature, FeO2Hx reacts with CO2 and H2, yielding Fe4C3O12 and H2O. Our findings provide strong support for the stability of carbon-oxygen-bearing phases at lower-mantle conditions. In both subducting slabs and lower-mantle lithologies, the tetrahedral carbonate Fe4C3O12 would replace the pyrite-structured FeO2Hx through carbonation of these phases. This reaction provides a new mechanism for hydrogen release as H2O within the deep lower mantle. Our study shows that the deep carbon and hydrogen cycles may be more complex than previously thought, as they strongly depend on the control exerted by local mineralogical and chemical environments on the CO2 and H2 thermodynamic activities.
GABAA Receptor Physiology and Pharmacology
Authors: Wallner Martin , Lindemeyer A. Kerstin , Olsen Richard W. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
GABAA receptors (GABAARs) are the main inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors and mediate rapid synaptic as well as slow extrasynaptic inhibitory neurotransmission. Structurally, GABAARs are ligand-gated ion channels formed by a total of 19 homologous subunits, each with four transmembrane domains assembled as pentamers, forming a GABA-gated Cl– channels. The major classical synaptic GABAAR subtypes are formed by 2α2β and a γ subunit, with six different possible α subunits, three different β subunits, and three γ subunits, with the most abundant subtype, α1β2γ2 receptors. More recently, highly GABA-sensitive extrasynaptic δ subunit-containing receptors that are persistently (tonically) activated by low ambient levels of GABA have entered the limelight. GABAARs are targets for sedative/hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs (e.g., benzodiazepines [BZs] and other BZ site ligands), as well as general anesthetics (e.g., etomidate, propofol, barbiturate, and neurosteroid anesthetics, and possibly volatile agents and long-chain alcohols), and also are important targets for alcohol actions.
Role of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor eIF2B in Vanishing White Matter Disease
Authors: Abbink Truus E. M. , Wisse Lisanne E. , Wang Xuemin , Proud Christopher G. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Vanishing white matter (VWM) disease is a recessive disorder characterized by gradual loss of white matter and of myelin. Its clinical severity is high variable. VWM is caused by mutations in any one of the five genes encoding subunits of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B), a ubiquitous, multimeric protein that plays crucial roles in protein synthesis and its control. There are now known to be at least 160 mutations in eIF2B genes that lead to VWM. Where tested, most mutations impair the activity or integrity of the eIF2B complex. However, it remains unclear how and why defects in eIF2B lead to VWM. This article discusses recent advances in understanding the structure and functions of eIF2B and the pathogenic basis of VWM.
Evidentiality in Nakh-Daghestanian Languages
Authors: Forker Diana 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter is focused on the formal expression of evidentiality in Nakh-Daghestanian languages (Russia, Caucasus) and on the semantic distinctions available for evidentials. The vast majority of Nakh-Daghestanian languages express evidentiality in one way or another through grammatical means, but there are also many evidential strategies attested. Verbal evidentiality mainly shows up as one meaning of the perfect series and in inferential constructions with light verbs such as ‘find’, ‘stay’, or ‘be, become’. In addition, some languages have evidential enclitics and suffixes. The evidential meanings expressed are mostly indirect evidentiality, including hearsay and inference. The chapter also presents a short overview of related constructions such as conjunct-/disjunct-marking and epistemic modality.
Evidentiality in Bodic Languages
Authors: Hyslop Gwendoyn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Bodic group of Tibeto-Burman languages infamously code a wide range of epistemological categories, including evidentiality (source of knowledge) and perhaps more contentiously mirativity (expectations of knowledge), and egophoricity (access to knowledge). This chapter investigates these interrelated related epistemological categories in a range of Bodic languages, including but not limited to Darma (Himalayish; Uttarkhand, India), Manange (Tamangic; Nepal), Magar and Kham (Magaric; Nepal), Newaric (Nepal), various Tibetic languages, and Kurtöp (East Bodish; Bhutan). Mirativity appears to be widely found throughout the region, followed by egophoricity and evidentiality. In terms of evidentiality itself, Bodic languages commonly encode oral source of knowledge and less commonly encode indirect source of knowledge. Despite the close cognitive relationship between evidentiality, mirativity, and egophoricity, Bodic languages demonstrate that these categories are distinct.
Evidentiality and Language Contact
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEvidentials, as a grammatical means of overtly expressing information source, play a pivotal role in communication, cognition, and speakers’ status within a community. This accounts for their frequent spread in language contact situations. Evidentials often develop as a consequence of areal diffusion. A language surrounded by languages without evidential distinctions is likely to lose evidentials. Evidentials are among the defining features of a number of well-established linguistic areas, among them the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Baltic region in Eurasia, and the Vaupés River Basin linguistic area in Amazonia. They have made their way into a number of contact varieties of major European languages, including Spanish and Portuguese. An obsolescent language may lose or restructure its evidentiality system depending on the dominant language speakers are shifting to. Further factors propitious for a spread of evidentials in language contact include multilingualism and shared discourse genres and speech practices.
The Archaeologist’s Evangeline
Authors: Fowler Jonathan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The French colony of Acadia, located in what is now the Maritime Provinces of Canada and part of the State of Maine, has long attracted the attention of writers and scholars. Immigrating to the region in the early seventeenth century, the Acadian colonists established a viable agricultural economy without alienating the region’s indigenous peoples. Despite these achievements, imperial politics brought war to the region in the mid-eighteenth century, and saw most of the French inhabitants removed by force. Historical archaeology is helping to recover details of this early Canadian immigrant experience, but the task is complicated by a scholarly tradition dominated by romanticism and myth. This chapter surveys the development of historical archaeology in reference to the Acadians in Nova Scotia, noting how archaeology has helped reframe understandings of this colonial experience, and suggesting ways to carry the project further.
Hydroxychloroquine: balancing the need to maintain therapeutic levels with ocular safety: an update
Authors: Abdulaziz Nada , Shah Anjali R. , McCune William J. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
Antimalarial drugs including chloroquine, its less toxic quinolone-derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and quinacrine have become cornerstones in the treatment of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and Sjogren syndrome; cutaneous disorders, antiphospholipid syndrome, and have recently been employed at higher dioses in oncology. Benefits include anti-inflammatory effects, protection against thrombosis, and improved control of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In general, both the therapeutic advantages and the toxic effects of the drugs correlate with the dose and the duration of therapy. Here we summarize the current literature regarding the administration and the safety profile of HCQ in management of rheumatologic disease and focus on the most recent revised American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) guidelines for prevention and detection of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy to help guide therapeutic decision-making for patients.

Recent findings
The risk of antimalarial-induced retinal toxicity is better predicted by calculating the daily dosage based on 5 mg/kg total body weight rather than 6.5 mg/kg lean body weight and reducing dosage in patients with risk factors such as renal failure. The risk of retinal toxicity after 5 years is substantially increased even when these guidelines are followed; hence dose reduction is appropriate with long-term use. Newer techniques provide improved detection of early signs of retinal damage. These advances are reflected in the revised AAO guidelines 2016, which are in part based on the retrospective study by Melles and Marmor of HCQ toxicity.

Summary
The most important changes in practice guidelines include dose calculation based on total body weight, dose reduction after long-term use, and intensified screening with techniques including optical coherence tomography (OCT) after 5 years.
Residual Equinus After the Ponseti Method: An MRI-based 3-Dimensional Analysis
Authors: Mitchell Joseph , Bishop Aaron , Feng Yixuan , Farley Daniel , Hetzel Scott , Ploeg Heidi-Lynn , Nguyen Jie , Noonan Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Residual equinus deformity is present in up to 20% of clubfeet treated by the Ponseti method. These patients may require surgical release to restore dorsiflexion. Despite complete posterior release; persistent intraoperative equinus may be present and suggest concurrent joint incongruity. The purpose of this study was to characterize differences in ankle morphology in toddlers with residual equinus following the Ponseti method.

Methods:
Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 10 patients who underwent reconstruction (17 feet; 7 bilateral, 3 unilateral clubfeet) for persistent equinus were compared with 16 age-matched controls. Through reverse engineering software, MRI data were used to generate 3-dimensional (3D) models. Four talus-based measures were performed on both MRI data and 3D models—neck depth, neck angle, width, and length. Models were also used to calculate talus volume and arc of curvature (plafond and talar dome). Standard statistical analyses were performed.

Results:
Talus volumes, width, and length were less in clubfeet then in control feet. Although some measures were significant there was no mismatch with the ankle mortise dimensions or arc curvature that could account for any decrease in dorsiflexion. We found that from MRI measures the clubfoot neck depth was 2.3 versus 3.6 mm in controls (P<0.001) and from 3D modeling the clubfoot neck depth was 2.3 and 3.5 mm in controls (P=0.003). With 3D modeling talus clubfoot neck angle was 153.7 versus 140.4 degrees in controls (P=0.01). The clubfoot neck angle obtained from MRI measures were also different yet not significant [126.6 in clubfeet versus 122.5 degrees in controls (P=0.12)].

Conclusions:
In comparison to age-matched feet; we have noted a decrease in talar neck depth and an obtuse talar neck angle in clubfeet treated in the manner of Ponseti. This may result in anterior ankle impingement and be the cause of residual equinus despite posterior release. In these procedures, the surgeon should recognize this possibility when the amount of dorsiflexion is less than expected.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—case control study.