bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health, social inclusion and the development of vocational services in the NHS – what can be learnt?
Authors: Bertram Mark 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the learning from a historical NHS vocational service development that focused on: mental health, employment and social inclusion – in an inner city area – involving service users, staff and commissioners.Design/methodology/approachIt is a descriptive case study. A range of historical documents was content analysed and described through a first-person narrative: service user consultations, service specifications, audit records, outcome frameworks, internal service evaluations and published literature.FindingsWhen vocational NHS service developments are grounded in what service users say helps them (person-centred, networked and co-ordinated approaches) the evidence indicates people can achieve their vocational goals.Research limitations/implicationsThe range of documents described is factual, although the learning insights from some of the service developments are based on personal judgements. The author was the responsible manager – personal bias is high. There is not enough robust evidence to warrant generalisation.Practical implicationsWhen employment and social inclusion are prioritised, as core business in NHS, outcomes and health impact can increase. Greater detail is needed from healthcare policy makers – focusing on who exactly should undertake this work and what the key commissioning social inclusion performance indicators are.Originality/valueThe bulk of literature on employment support focuses on promoting evidence from one model: individual placement and support. Evidence here indicates a broader range of activity (education, training and volunteering) can have value and health impact.
Generalized Tikhonov's algorithm for accurate calculation of one‐dimensional transient responses directly in time domain
Authors: Mogilatov Vladimir , Goldman Mark 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIn the last two decades, forward modelling for the time domain (transient) electromagnetic method has concentrated almost entirely on multi‐dimensional models and algorithms. At the same time, the interpretation of real field data is still mainly one dimensional. This is caused by the lack of an efficient multi‐dimensional acquisition procedure supported by sufficiently fast and reliable inversion software, on the one hand, and by the great efficiency of one‐dimensional field set up and interpretation of the data on the other hand. The latter is particularly true for the short offset transient electromagnetic method, which is much less sensitive to multi‐dimensional effects, compared to long offset methods. The most commonly used one‐dimensional forward modelling algorithms are based on the spectral method, which requires calculating rapidly oscillating Fourier–Bessel (Hankel) integrals. Due to the very fast decay of short offset responses, the integrals become computationally unstable at late times of the transient process. Although this problem has been successfully solved for practically feasible measurement times of conventional short offset systems using transverse electric and mixed transverse electric and transverse magnetic fields, it turned out crucial for novel methods based on the use of unimodal transverse magnetic fields. These methods are much more sensitive to geoelectric parameters of the Earth in general and those of resistive targets, in particular, but they generate responses, which drop at late times significantly faster than those of conventional methods. Such behaviour of transverse magnetic fields represents severe computational problem for the spectral method, but is successfully solved by direct time domain algorithms. This article describes a generalization of the well‐known Tikhonov's solution to a boundary value problem directly in time domain, which is applied to an arbitrary one‐dimensional earth model excited by an arbitrary source. Contrary to existing spectral algorithms, the described method allows accurate calculations of both transverse electric and transverse magnetic transient responses at arbitrarily late times. On the other hand, it is more time efficient than finite‐difference/finite element direct time domain algorithms and provides analytical late‐stage asymptotic solutions.
Combined effects of grazing management and climate on semi‐arid steppes: Hysteresis dynamics prevent recovery of degraded rangelands
Authors: Cipriotti Pablo A. , Aguiar Martín R. , Wiegand Thorsten , Paruelo José M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Livestock grazing has degraded many arid and semi‐arid rangelands around the world, and the drier climate predicted by climate change scenarios may amplify these effects and even lead to catastrophic vegetation shifts.

We assess the long‐term effects (1900–2100) of grazing and rainfall on various aspects of vegetation structure including the grass‐shrub balance, the maintenance of spatial vegetation patterns, and the decline or recovery of palatable grasses (e.g. Poa ligularis) on a cover and/or density basis. We used the eco‐hydrological and individual‐based simulation model DINVEG for this purpose, which describes the spatiotemporal dynamics of Patagonian grass‐shrub steppes based on six decades of field research (1955–2018).

Rainfall and grazing affected the simulated vegetation structure in different ways. Total plant cover was mostly influenced by rainfall, but the cover of palatable grasses was mostly influenced by stocking rate. Dry conditions and low stocking rates (122 mm/year and <0.2 sheep/ha) favoured grasses over shrubs, whereas shrub encroachment occurred only in the high rainfall scenario combined with high stocking rates (181 mm/year and >0.2 sheep/ha).

High stocking rates and/or drier conditions caused only gradual shifts in spatial vegetation patterns, but maintained the observed positive association for grasses around shrubs. In contrast, shrub encroachment was associated with repulsion between grasses and shrubs and the formation of shrub clusters into a matrix of scattered less palatable grasses.

Plant compositional changes occurred through grass species replacement (e.g. P. ligularis is replaced by Pappostipa humilis) and the associated hysteresis effect of palatable grass species: model simulations suggest that 2–3 decades of heavy and year‐long continuous grazing can drive palatable grasses to close to extinction, whereas natural recovery of degraded steppes may take 100 years or longer.

Synthesis and applications. Desertification and climate change challenge grazing management in semi‐arid rangelands, especially in already degraded ecosystems. Management that alternates between years of grazing and resting was effective to maintain the cover of palatable grasses, but this allowed for only very slow recovery of degraded steppes. While drier climate and grazing may not change the overall spatial patterns of vegetation, our results are rather pessimistic regarding the short‐term recovery of palatable grasses. This will require increasing complexity in ecosystem restoration efforts, combined with interventions such as sowing, watering, reseeding or major changes in land use.
Faux Blood Fingermark on Pistol: Latent Fingerprint Developed by Whole Blood
Authors: Lin Sheng , Luo Yaping , Xie Lianqun , Yu Yang , Mi Zhongliang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a case of a faux blood fingermark, wherein a natural latent fingerprint on the pistol at the crime scene was enhanced by the whole blood of the victim. A male was shot to death. The crime scene investigator did not find any blood fingermark during the collection of evidence, but a blood fingerprint was noticed in the firearms examination. We identified that the fingerprint was of the victim; a series of experiments on the nonporous substrate were then conducted; the death in this case was classified as a suicide. The phenomenon is interesting, and thus, calls for attention of the forensic community.
Tumour response in non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy – Can spectral CT predict recurrence?
Authors: Fehrenbach Uli , Feldhaus Felix , Kahn Johannes , Böning Georg , Maurer Martin H , Renz Diane , Frost Nikolaj , Streitparth Florian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionTumour response in lung cancer treatment is monitored by measuring lesion size in computed tomography (CT). Spectral CT (SCT) offers additional information on tumour tissue besides morphology. We evaluated SCT iodine content (IC) and performed spectral slope analysis to assess the response of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to chemoradiotherapy (CRT).MethodsEighty‐three patients with advanced NSCLC treated by CRT prospectively underwent single‐phase, contrast‐enhanced SCT. Evaluation of all patients included treatment response (RECIST 1.1), quantitative measurements as well as SCT IC determination and spectral slope analysis in NSCLC primaries. Measurements were performed at the maximum cross‐diameter of tumours and in areas with high iodine values (hotspot analysis). Iodine difference (ΔIC) was calculated. Secondary outcome parameters were IC and spectral slopes in mediastinal lymph nodes (n = 61).ResultsTwenty‐four patients (29%) showed complete remission after CRT. Thirty‐four patients (41%) had stable disease (SDSCT) or partial regression (PRSCT). Progressive disease (PDSCT) was seen in 25 patients (30%). Hotspot analysis showed significantly higher iodine values in PDSCT than in SDSCT/PRSCT (P < 0.001). Ten patients (12%) with initially stable disease in SCT showed progressive disease during follow‐up for up to 18 months (PDFU). These patients also had significantly higher hotspot iodine values and ΔIC in the initial scan compared to patients with SD throughout the follow‐up period (SDFU) (29%) (P < 0.001). Enlarged lymph nodes showed significantly lower iodine content and a lower spectral slope pitch than normal‐sized nodes (P = 0.003 to 0.029).ConclusionSpectral CT‐derived iodine content of NSCLC following CRT may help in predicting recurrence. Hotspot analysis and iodine heterogeneity allow the identification of residual vascularisation as an indicator of vital tumour tissue, indicating that IC might be a suitable imaging biomarker for predicting tumour progression. Iodine content and spectral slope analysis might also help in identifying metastatic lymph nodes.
C‐reactive protein for risk prediction of post‐operative delirium and post‐operative neurocognitive disorder
Authors: Knaak Cornelia , Vorderwülbecke Gerald , Spies Claudia , Piper Sophie K. , Hadzidiakos Daniel , Borchers Friedrich , Brockhaus Wolf‐Rüdiger , Radtke Finn M. , Lachmann Gunnar 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundPost‐operative delirium (POD) and post‐operative neurocognitive disorder (NCD) are frequently seen in the elderly. Development of biomarkers for pre‐operative risk prediction is of major relevance. As inflammation present before surgery might predispose to POD and post‐operative NCD development, we aim to determine associations between pre‐operative C‐reactive protein (CRP) and the incidence of POD and post‐operative NCD.MethodsIn this observational study, we analyzed 314 patients enrolled in the SuDoCo trial, who had a pre‐operative CRP measurement the day before surgery. Primary outcomes were POD assessed according DSM‐4 from day 1 until day 7 after surgery and post‐operative NCD assessed 3 months after surgery. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, randomization, body mass index, MMSE, ASA status, infection/autoimmune disease/malignoma and types of surgery to determine associations between CRP with POD and post‐operative NCD, respectively.ResultsPre‐operative CRP was independently associated with POD [OR 1.158 (95% CI 1.040, 1.291); P = .008]. Patients with CRP values ≥5 mg/dL had a 4.8‐fold increased POD risk [OR 4.771 (95% CI 1.765, 12.899; P = .002)] compared to patients with lower CRP values. However, no association was seen between pre‐operative CRP and post‐operative NCD [OR 0.552 (95% CI 0.193, 1.581); P = .269].ConclusionsPre‐operative CRP levels were independently associated with POD but not post‐operative NCD after three months. Moreover, higher pre‐operative CRP levels showed higher risk for POD. This strengthens the role of inflammation in the development of POD. Assessment of CRP before surgery might allow risk stratification of POD.Trial registrationThis study was registered with ISRCTN Register 36437985 on 02 March 2009.
Genetic diversity and relationships among native Japanese horse breeds, the Japanese Thoroughbred and horses outside of Japan using genome‐wide SNP data
Authors: Tozaki T. , Kikuchi M. , Kakoi H. , Hirota K. , Nagata S. , Yamashita D. , Ohnuma T. , Takasu M. , Kobayashi I. , Hobo S. , Manglai D. , Petersen J. L. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryEight horse breeds—Hokkaido, Kiso, Misaki, Noma, Taishu, Tokara, Miyako and Yonaguni—are native to Japan. Although Japanese native breeds are believed to have originated from ancient Mongolian horses imported from the Korean Peninsula, the phylogenetic relationships among these breeds are not well elucidated. In the present study, we compared genetic diversity among 32 international horse breeds previously evaluated by the Equine Genetic Diversity Consortium, the eight Japanese native breeds and Japanese Thoroughbreds using genome‐wide SNP genotype data. The proportion of polymorphic loci and expected heterozygosity showed that the native Japanese breeds, with the exception of the Hokkaido, have relatively low diversity compared to the other breeds sampled. Phylogenetic and cluster analyses demonstrated relationships among the breeds that largely reflect their geographic distribution in Japan. Based on these data, we suggest that Japanese horses originated from Mongolian horses migrating through the Korean Peninsula. The Japanese Thoroughbreds were distinct from the native breeds, and although they maintain similar overall diversity as Thoroughbreds from outside Japan, they also show evidence of uniqueness relative to the other Thoroughbred samples. This is the first study to place the eight native Japanese breeds and Japanese Thoroughbred in context with an international sample of diverse breeds.
Learning curve for laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair: A single‐surgeon experience of consecutive 105 procedures
Authors: Kuge Hiroyuki , Yokoo Takashi , Uchida Hideki , Yamaoka Kentaro , Yoshikawa Shusaku 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionBased on previously published papers, the learning curve for laparoscopic groin hernia repair is controversial. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the learning curve for laparoscopic surgery for groin hernia in a local hospital setting.MethodWe analyzed 100 consecutive cases of laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair performed by a single surgeon at a single facility from April 2013 to December 2015. The total operative time was divided into three parts: (a) preparing the peritoneal flap, (b) unfolding the mesh, and (c) suturing the peritoneum. A cumulative sum method for the total operative time and duration of the three parts was used to determine the learning curve.ResultsThe learning curve was overcome after 75 cases based on cumulative sum analysis of the total operative time. The cumulative sum analysis of the times to unfold mesh and to suture the peritoneum indicated that the learning curve was overcome after 22 and 32 cases, respectively. The learning curve for preparing the peritoneal space was correlated with that for the entire procedure. No cases of recurrence were encountered.ConclusionAt least 75 cases were needed to overcome the learning curve for laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair.
Sleep and lying behavior of milking Holstein cows at commercial tie‐stall dairy farms
Authors: Fukasawa Michiru , Komatsu Tokushi , Higashiyama Yumi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to clarify cow's sleep behavior on farm and to examine the influence of some environment and management factors on cow's sleep. Total 85 behavior data (summer 41, autumn 44) were corrected from 12 commercial tie‐stall dairy farm in northern Tohoku area. Daily duration, bout frequency, and averaged bout duration of sleep and lying were measured. Even though there was no significant difference in any lying measurements, daily duration, bout frequency, and averaged bout duration of sleep was significantly different among farms (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). However, we could not find that any managements influence on sleep. There was significant seasonal difference in daily sleep duration (p < 0.01) and sleep bout frequency (p < 0.05). On the other hand, daily lying duration and averaged lying bout duration were significantly different between seasons (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Primiparous cows slept longer and more frequent than multiparous (both p < 0.001). Milk solid‐non‐fat content was positively correlated with daily sleep duration (p < 0.05) and bout frequency (p < 0.01). These results might imply the productive importance of sleep related with anabolic hormones release.
Relationships among financial satisfaction, life satisfaction, and political action: A comparative study of the United States and South Korea
Authors: Lee Sunwoo , Lee Sangwoo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study explores the potential impact of cultural orientation on the relationship between financial satisfaction, life satisfaction, and political action within the United States and South Korea. The total sample size was 3,432 individuals (United States = 2,232, South Korea = 1,200). 1 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model and a path analysis model were assessed using a maximum likelihood estimation. The findings showed a strong positive relationship between financial satisfaction and life satisfaction in both countries. Also, in both countries, more progressive individuals participated in more political actions. When exploring political action, we find an inverse relationship—with greater political action among lower‐income individuals in the United States and greater political action among higher‐income in South Korea. In South Korea (culturally “collectivistic”), middle‐income individuals were also found to participate in political actions that likely benefit larger segments of society. From a cultural dimensions theory perspective, these data suggest political actions in the United States (classified as “individualistic”) were largely conducted by low‐income individuals, potentially as means to enhance their individual well‐being.
Immersive virtual field trips in education: A mixed‐methods study on elementary students' presence and perceived learning
Authors: Han Insook 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of immersive virtual field trips (VFTs) with head‐mounted displays (HMDs) on the presence and perceived learning. A mixed‐method approach was used to obtain an overall understanding of students' experiences with this immersive technology in an elementary classroom. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 27 elementary‐school students through presence surveys and reflection papers. Statistical analyses were performed to compare immersive VFTs with traditional VFTs regarding students' virtual presence. Further, an inductive content analysis was performed to analyze reflection papers. The results showed an overall enhancement in virtual presence with the use of immersive VFTs. However, students felt that learning was not favorable with HMDs. The result of this study provides practical implications for the use of immersive VFTs in classroom settings.
Interactive Curve Constrained Functional Maps
Authors: Gehre A. , Bronstein M. , Kobbelt L. , Solomon J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFunctional maps have gained popularity as a versatile framework for representing intrinsic correspondence between 3D shapes using algebraic machinery. A key ingredient for this framework is the ability to find pairs of corresponding functions (typically, feature descriptors) across the shapes. This is a challenging problem on its own, and when the shapes are strongly non‐isometric, nearly impossible to solve automatically. In this paper, we use feature curve correspondences to provide flexible abstractions of semantically similar parts of non‐isometric shapes. We design a user interface implementing an interactive process for constructing shape correspondence, allowing the user to update the functional map at interactive rates by introducing feature curve correspondences. We add feature curve preservation constraints to the functional map framework and propose an efficient numerical method to optimize the map with immediate feedback. Experimental results show that our approach establishes correspondences between geometrically diverse shapes with just a few clicks.
Topological Function Optimization for Continuous Shape Matching
Authors: Poulenard Adrien , Skraba Primoz , Ovsjanikov Maks 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a novel approach for optimizing real‐valued functions based on a wide range of topological criteria. In particular, we show how to modify a given function in order to remove topological noise and to exhibit prescribed topological features. Our method is based on using the previously‐proposed persistence diagrams associated with real‐valued functions, and on the analysis of the derivatives of these diagrams with respect to changes in the function values. This analysis allows us to use continuous optimization techniques to modify a given function, while optimizing an energy based purely on the values in the persistence diagrams. We also present a procedure for aligning persistence diagrams of functions on different domains, without requiring a mapping between them. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of these constructions in the context of the functional map framework, by first giving a characterization of functional maps that are associated with continuous point‐to‐point correspondences, directly in the functional domain, and then by presenting an optimization scheme that helps to promote the continuity of functional maps, when expressed in the reduced basis, without imposing any restrictions on metric distortion. We demonstrate that our approach is efficient and can lead to improvement in the accuracy of maps computed in practice.
Packing Irregular Objects in 3D Space via Hybrid Optimization
Authors: Ma Y. , Chen Z. , Hu W. , Wang W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPacking problems arise in a wide variety of practical applications. The basic problem is that of placing as many objects as possible in a non‐overlapping configuration within a given container. Problems involving irregular shapes are the most challenging cases. In this paper, we consider the most general forms of irregular shape packing problems in 3D space, where both the containers and the objects can be of any shapes, and free rotations of the objects are allowed. We propose a heuristic method for efficiently packing irregular objects by combining continuous optimization and combinatorial optimization. Starting from an initial placement of an appropriate number of objects, we optimize the positions and orientations of the objects using continuous optimization. In combinatorial optimization, we further reduce the gaps between objects by swapping and replacing the deployed objects and inserting new objects. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method with experiments and comparisons.