bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat‐specific impacts of climate change in the Mata Atlântica biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Esser Luíz Fernando , Neves Danilo M. , Jarenkow João André 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimElucidate the potential impacts of climate changes on the distribution and conservation of the multiple habitats of the Mata Atlântica biodiversity hotspot, which are often treated as a unique entity in ecological studies.LocationThe whole extension of the South American Atlantic Forest Domain plus forest intrusions into the neighbouring Cerrado and Pampa Domains, which comprises rain forest (‘core’ habitat) and five environmentally marginal habitats, namely high elevation/latitude forest, rock outcrop habitats, riverine forest, semideciduous forest and restinga woodlands.Time periodCurrent (2000) and future scenarios (2050 and 2070).Major taxa studiedTree species.MethodsWe modelled the responses of 282 diagnostic tree species, using multiple algorithms and distinct scenarios of climate change (828,234 projections).ResultsPotential loss of suitable environment summed 50.4% in semideciduous forest, 58.6% in riverine forest and 66% in rock outcrop habitats. Predictions for rain forest (12.2%), restinga woodlands (7.6%) and high elevation/latitude forest (5.2%) showed that overall loss of suitable environment will be relatively less severe for these habitats. Habitats that are confined to narrow edaphic conditions, namely rock outcrop habitats and riverine forest, are less studied and will likely suffer the greatest loss of biodiversity because their species are more dispersal limited.Main conclusionsBecause these habitats occupy distinct environmental conditions, lumping them in ecological analyses might lead to erroneous interpretations in studies aiming to evaluate the impacts of global change in the Mata Atlântica biodiversity hotspot. This reinforces the importance of our approach and urges for conservation strategies that account for habitat heterogeneity in the Mata Atlântica and other species‐rich environments.
Investor behaviour and reaching for yield: Evidence from the sterling corporate bond market
Authors: Czech Robert , Roberts‐Sklar Matt 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe provide evidence on how corporate bond investors react to a change in yields, and how this behaviour differs in times of market‐wide stress. We also investigate ‘reaching for yield’ across investor types, as well as providing insights into the structure of the corporate bond market. Using proprietary sterling corporate bond transaction data, we show that insurance companies, hedge funds and asset managers are typically net buyers when corporate bond yields rise. Dealer banks clear the market by being net sellers. However, we find evidence for this behaviour reversing in times of stress for some investors. During the 2013 ‘taper tantrum’, asset managers were net sellers of corporate bonds in response to a sharp rise in yields, potentially amplifying price changes. At the same time, dealer banks were net buyers. Finally, we provide evidence that insurers, hedge funds and asset managers tilt their portfolios towards higher risk bonds, consistent with ‘reaching for yield’ behaviour.
Critically testing olivine‐hosted putative martian biosignatures in the Yamato 000593 meteorite—Geobiological implications
Authors: McLoughlin Nicola , Grosch Eugene G. , Vullum Per Erik , Guagliardo Paul , Saunders Martin , Wacey David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOn rocky planets such as Earth and Mars the serpentinization of olivine in ultramafic crust produces hydrogen that can act as a potential energy source for life. Direct evidence of fluid–rock interaction on Mars comes from iddingsite alteration veins found in martian meteorites. In the Yamato 000593 meteorite, putative biosignatures have been reported from altered olivines in the form of microtextures and associated organic material that have been compared to tubular bioalteration textures found in terrestrial sub‐seafloor volcanic rocks. Here, we use a suite of correlative, high‐sensitivity, in situ chemical, and morphological analyses to characterize and re‐evaluate these microalteration textures in Yamato 000593, a clinopyroxenite from the shallow subsurface of Mars. We show that the altered olivine crystals have angular and micro‐brecciated margins and are also highly strained due to impact‐induced fracturing. The shape of the olivine microalteration textures is in no way comparable to microtunnels of inferred biological origin found in terrestrial volcanic glasses and dunites, and rather we argue that the Yamato 000593 microtextures are abiotic in origin. Vein filling iddingsite extends into the olivine microalteration textures and contains amorphous organic carbon occurring as bands and sub‐spherical concentrations <300 nm across. We propose that a martian impact event produced the micro‐brecciated olivine crystal margins that reacted with subsurface hydrothermal fluids to form iddingsite containing organic carbon derived from abiotic sources. These new data have implications for how we might seek potential biosignatures in ultramafic rocks and impact craters on both Mars and Earth.
The fertilization effect of global dimming on crop yields is not attributed to an improved light interception
Authors: Shao Liping , Li Gang , Zhao Qiannan , Li Yabing , Sun Yutong , Wang Weinan , Cai Chuang , Chen Weiping , Liu Ronghua , Luo Weihong , Yin Xinyou , Lee Xuhui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlobal dimming, a decadal decrease in incident global radiation, is often accompanied with an increase in the diffuse radiation fraction, and, therefore, the impact of global dimming on crop production is hard to predict. A popular approach to quantify this impact is the statistical analysis of historical climate and crop data, or use of dynamic crop simulation modelling approach. Here, we show that statistical analysis of historical data did not provide plausible values for the effect of diffuse radiation versus direct radiation on rice or wheat yield. In contrast, our field experimental study of 3 years demonstrated a fertilization effect of increased diffuse radiation fraction, which partly offset yield losses caused by decreased global radiation, in both crops. The fertilization effect was not attributed to any improved canopy light interception but mainly to the increased radiation use efficiency (RUE). The increased RUE was explained not only by the saturating shape of photosynthetic light response curves but also by plant acclimation to dimming that gradually increased leaf nitrogen concentration. Crop harvest index slightly decreased under dimming, thereby discounting the fertilization effect on crop yields. These results challenge existing modelling paradigms, which assume that the fertilization effect on crop yields is mainly attributed to an improved light interception. Further studies on the physiological mechanism of plant acclimation are required to better quantify the global dimming impact on agroecosystem productivity under future climate change.
Climate warming alters subsoil but not topsoil carbon dynamics in alpine grassland
Authors: Jia Juan , Cao Zhenjiao , Liu Chengzhu , Zhang Zhenhua , Lin Li , Wang Yiyun , Haghipour Negar , Wacker Lukas , Bao Hongyan , Dittmar Thorston , Simpson Myrna J. , Yang Huan , Crowther Thomas W. , Eglinton Timothy I. , He Jin‐Sheng , Feng Xiaojuan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSubsoil contains more than half of soil organic carbon (SOC) globally and is conventionally assumed to be relatively unresponsive to warming compared to the topsoil. Here, we show substantial changes in carbon allocation and dynamics of the subsoil but not topsoil in the Qinghai‐Tibetan alpine grasslands over 5 years of warming. Specifically, warming enhanced the accumulation of newly synthesized (14C‐enriched) carbon in the subsoil slow‐cycling pool (silt‐clay fraction) but promoted the decomposition of plant‐derived lignin in the fast‐cycling pool (macroaggregates). These changes mirrored an accumulation of lipids and sugars at the expense of lignin in the warmed bulk subsoil, likely associated with shortened soil freezing period and a deepening root system. As warming is accompanied by deepening roots in a wide range of ecosystems, root‐driven accrual of slow‐cycling pool may represent an important and overlooked mechanism for a potential long‐term carbon sink at depth. Moreover, given the contrasting sensitivity of SOC dynamics at varied depths, warming studies focusing only on surface soils may vastly misrepresent shifts in ecosystem carbon storage under climate change.
A(H9N2) influenza viruses associated with chicken mortality in outbreaks in Algeria 2017
Authors: Jeevan Trushar , Darnell Daniel , Gradi El Alia , Benali Yasmine , Kara Redhouane , Guetarni Djamel , Rubrum Adam , Seiler Patrick J , Crumpton Jeri Carol , Webby Richard John , Derrar Fawzi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn late 2017, increased mortality was detected in chicken farms in Algeria undergoing A(H9N2) influenza outbreaks. Analysis of viruses isolated from affected farms showed that they were monophyletic, were of the G1 hemagglutinin (HA) lineage, and were antigenically and genetically similar to viruses detected contemporaneously in other countries in Northern Africa and the Middle East. The virus was able to spread via contact transmission between ferrets but did not cause disease in intravenously inoculated chickens.
Control of flowering in rice through synthetic microProteins
Authors: Eguen Tenai , Ariza Jorge Gomez , Brambilla Vittoria , Sun Bin , Bhati Kaushal Kumar , Fornara Fabio , Wenkel Stephan 
Published: September 2019

SummaryPhotoperiod‐dependent flowering in rice is regulated by HEADING DATE 1 (Hd1), which acts as both an activator and repressor of flowering in a daylength‐dependent manner. To investigate the use of microProteins as a tool to modify rice sensitivity to the photoperiod, we designed a synthetic Hd1 microProtein (Hd1miP) capable of interacting with Hd1 protein, and overexpressed it in rice. Transgenic OX‐Hd1miP plants flowered significantly earlier than wild type plants when grown in non‐inductive long day conditions. Our results show the potential of microProteins to serve as powerful tools for modulating crop traits and unraveling protein function.
An Online Educational Program to Increase Student Understanding of Threat Assessment
Authors: Stohlman Shelby L. , Cornell Dewey G. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThreat assessment is a widely recommended practice used by schools to investigate and respond to student threats of violence; however, students are often reluctant to disclose threats.METHODSWe developed an online educational program for students to increase their understanding of threat assessment and the need to report serious threats. We investigated 2 research questions: (1) How are student characteristics of sex, grade level, and ethnicity/race associated with student knowledge of threat assessment and willingness to report threats? (2) Does the program increase knowledge of threat assessment and willingness to report threats? The sample consisted of 2338 students from 6 middle schools and 3 high schools.RESULTSPrior to program completion, boys were less willing than girls, and older students were less willing than younger students, to report threats. Post‐program questions revealed that the program significantly increased knowledge and willingness to report threats across student groups, with effect sizes (Cohen's d) ranging from small (.30) to large (1.43).CONCLUSIONSThis program promotes school safety by teaching students about threat assessment and increasing willingness to report threats. The program is available online for other schools to use.
Morphological fractions, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of stover of four common vetch varieties grown on the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Huang Yafeng , Matthew Cory , Zhang Zhixin , Nan Zhibiao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the varietal variability and interrelationship of the grain and stover yields, and stover quality characteristics of four common vetch varieties (three improved varieties and one local variety) used on the Tibetan Plateau. Stover quality attributes determined included chemical composition, in vitro true digestibility of dry matter (IVTD) and neutral detergent fibre (dNDF). The improved varieties were superior to the local variety in grain yield, harvest index and potential utility index (PUI). The wide ranges in the proportions of leaf (24.3%–34.6%), pod (22.0%–45.6%) and stem (29.5%–44.7%) fractions were observed. Significant varietal differences (p < .001) were observed for the whole‐stover content of crude protein [CP; 78.1–101 g/kg dry matter (DM)], neutral detergent fibre (aNDF; 520–564 g/kg DM), acid detergent fibre (ADF; 520–564 g/kg DM), IVTD (597–658 g/kg DM) and dNDF (305–384 g/kg aNDF). The leaf fraction had the highest levels of CP, IVTD and dNDF, while the highest contents of aNDF and ADF were observed in the stem fraction. Canonical correlation analysis showed that significant (p < .001) correlations between the quality attributes of whole stover and proportions and quality attributes of stover morphological fractions. Pearson correlation between the grain and stover yield was negative and significant (r = −.295; p = .001), while the correlations between the grain/stover yield and stover quality traits were positive or non‐significant. Ranking of the varieties differed when grain yield, PUI and stover quality scores were investigated. Of the varieties tested, Lanjian No.2 has the best potential for use as a ruminant feed, as indicated by PUI and stover quality.
Host hybridization as a potential mechanism of lateral symbiont transfer in deep‐sea vesicomyid clams
Authors: Breusing Corinna , Johnson Shannon B. , Vrijenhoek Robert C. , Young Curtis R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDeep‐sea vesicomyid clams live in mutualistic symbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria that are inherited through the maternal germ line. On evolutionary timescales, strictly vertical transmission should lead to cospeciation of host mitochondrial and symbiont lineages; nonetheless, examples of incongruent phylogenies have been reported, suggesting that symbionts are occasionally horizontally transmitted between host species. The current paradigm for vesicomyid clams holds that direct transfers cause host shifts or mixtures of symbionts. An alternative hypothesis suggests that hybridization between host species might explain symbiont transfers. Two clam species, Archivesica gigas and Phreagena soyoae, frequently co‐occur at deep‐sea hydrocarbon seeps in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Although the two species typically host gammaproteobacterial symbiont lineages marked by divergent 16S rRNA phylotypes, we identified a number of clams with the A. gigas mitotype that hosted symbionts with the P. soyoae phylotype. Demographic inference models based on genome‐wide SNP data and three Sanger sequenced gene markers provided evidence that A. gigas and P. soyoae hybridized in the past, supporting the hypothesis that hybridization might be a viable mechanism of interspecific symbiont transfer. These findings provide new perspectives on the evolution of vertically transmitted symbionts and their hosts in deep‐sea chemosynthetic environments.
The effectiveness of health professional‐delivered interventions during the first 1000 days to prevent overweight/obesity in children: A systematic review
Authors: Hennessy Marita , Heary Caroline , Laws Rachel , van Rhoon Luke , Toomey Elaine , Wolstenholme Hazel , Byrne Molly 
Published: September 2019

SummaryChildhood obesity is a global public health challenge. Early prevention, particularly during the first 1000 days, is advocated. Health professionals have a role to play in obesity prevention efforts, in part due to the multiple routine contacts they have with parents. We synthesized the evidence for the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions delivered by health professionals during this time period, as reviews to date have not examined effectiveness by intervention provider. We also explored what behaviour change theories and/or techniques were associated with more effective intervention outcomes. Eleven electronic databases and three trial registers were searched from inception to 04 April 2019. A total of 180 studies, describing 39 trials involving 46 intervention arms, were included. While the number of interventions has grown considerably, we found some evidence for the effectiveness of health professional‐delivered interventions during the first 1000 days. Only four interventions were effective on a primary (adiposity/weight) and secondary (behavioural) outcome measure. Twenty‐two were effective on a behavioural outcome only. Several methodological limitations were noted, impacting on efforts to establish the active ingredients of interventions. Future work should focus on the conduct and reporting of interventions.
Comparison of the effect of photodynamic therapy and topical corticosteroid on oral lichen planus lesions
Authors: Lavaee Fatemeh , Shadmanpour Maryam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, the effect of photodynamic therapy with topical corticosteroid in oral lichen planus patients was compared.Material and MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind clinical trial, eight patients with bilateral oral OLP lesions were recruited. Toluidine blue was applied on the lesions of both sides; a 660‐nm diode laser InGaAlP was irradiated for 10 min (power: 25 mW, fluence: 19.23 J/cm2, probe cross section: 0.78 cm2) for three sessions. In the control side of the oral mucosa, only sham laser was used. Follow‐up sessions were held on weeks 3 and 7. In week 3, oral paste triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% was prescribed. Response rates were assessed clinically by VAS, Thongprasom sign scoring, clinical severity index, efficacy indices, and the amount of reduction in the size of the lesions. The Mann–Whitney test was used to evaluate the treatment outcomes.ResultsIn spite of the control side, all scores improved significantly between sessions 0 and 4 for the intervention side. The differences between the changes in almost all scores between sessions 0 and 4 in both the intervention and control sides were significantly considerable (p value < .05).ConclusionPhotodynamic therapy can be used as an alternative therapy alongside standard methods or as a new modality for refractory OLP.
Evaluating emergency‐release blood transfusion of newborn infants at the Intermountain Healthcare hospitals
Authors: Bahr Timothy M. , DuPont Tara L. , Christensen Thomas R. , Rees Terry , O'Brien Elizabeth A. , Ilstrup Sarah J. , Christensen Robert D. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUNDAn emergency‐release blood transfusion (ERBT) protocol (uncrossmatched type O‐negative red blood cells, AB plasma, AB platelets) is critical for neonatology practice. However, few reports of emergency transfusions are available. We conducted an ERBT quality improvement project as a basis for progress.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSFor each ERBT in the past 8 years, we logged indications, products, locations and timing of the transfusions, and outcomes.RESULTSOne hundred forty‐nine ERBTs were administered; 42% involved a single blood product, and 58% involved two or more. The incidence was 6.25 ERBT per 10,000 live births, with a higher rate (9.52 ERBT/10,000) in hospitals with a Level 3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (p < 0.001). Seventy percent of ERBTs were administered in a NICU and 30% in a delivery room, operating room, or emergency department. Indications were abruption/previa (32.2%), congenital anemia (i.e., fetomaternal hemorrhage; 15.4%), umbilical cord accident (i.e., velamentous insertion; 15.0%), and bleeding/coagulopathy (12.8%). Fifty‐eight percent of those with hemorrhage before birth did not have a hemoglobin value reported on the umbilical cord gas; thus, anemia was not recognized initially. None of the 149 ERBTs were administered using a blood warmer. The mortality rate of recipients was 35%.CONCLUSIONBased on our findings, we recommend including a hemoglobin value with every cord blood gas after emergency delivery to rapidly identify fetal anemia. We also discuss two potential improvements for future testing: 1) the use of a warming device for massive transfusion of neonates and 2) the use of low‐titer group O cold‐stored whole blood for massive hemorrhage in neonates.
Intraspecific seasonal variation of dormancy and mortality of Phelipanche ramosa seeds
Authors: Pointurier O , Gibot‐Leclerc S , Le Corre V , Reibel C , Strbik F , Colbach N 
Published: September 2019

SummaryPhelipanche ramosa (Branched broomrape) is an obligate root parasitic plant that is a major pest of oilseed rape in France. Knowledge on seed viability and dormancy under field conditions is crucial to understand how to control P. ramosa, but is as yet unknown. Our study aimed to quantify these processes with a 2‐year seed burial experiment. Two genetically distinct populations of P. ramosa were studied, collected on winter oilseed rape (population O) and hemp (population H). Seed mortality was very low in both populations (4–7% per year). Although obligate parasitic seeds are assumed to germinate only after exposure to germination stimulants from host root exudates, a high proportion of population H seeds germinated spontaneously (up to 90%). Seeds of both populations displayed seasonal dormancy, with timing and magnitude depending on the population. Dormancy was low at the time each native host crop is usually sown. Populations differed in germination dynamics, with seeds of population H germinating faster. The difference in behaviour that we observed between populations is consistent with reported adaptations of pathovars to their preferred hosts. The results indicate that the parasitic plant management requires targeting at the populations concerned. For example, delayed sowing is more promising against population O than against population H.
Knowledge and prevention of tickborne diseases among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic residents of Maryland and Virginia
Authors: Hu Shu Yang , Starr John A. , Gharpure Radhika , Mehta Shaylee P. , Feldman Katherine A. , Nelson Christina A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTickborne diseases (TBDs) such as Lyme disease (LD), babesiosis, ehrlichiosis and Rocky Mountain spotted fever cause substantial morbidity and even mortality in the USA. Data indicate that Hispanic populations may be at greater risk for occupational exposure to ticks and disseminated LD; however, information on knowledge and practices of Hispanic populations regarding TBDs is limited. We surveyed 153 Hispanic and 153 non‐Hispanic residents of Maryland and Virginia to assess awareness of TBDs, prevention practices and risk of tick encounters. Hispanic respondents were less likely than non‐Hispanics to report familiarity with LD symptoms (21% vs. 53%, p < 0.001) and correctly identify ticks as vectors of LD (40% vs. 85%, p < 0.001). Although there was no significant difference in overall proportion of respondents who routinely take one or more preventive measures to prevent tick bites (59% vs. 61%, p = 0.65), Hispanics were more likely to report showering after coming indoors (36% vs. 25%, p = 0.04) but less likely to conduct daily tick checks compared with non‐Hispanics (17% vs. 35%, p < 0.001). History of tick bite or finding a tick crawling on oneself or a household member in the past year did not significantly differ between Hispanics and non‐Hispanics (19% vs. 24%, p = 0.26). Notably, after controlling for Hispanic/non‐Hispanic ethnicity, primary language (English vs. Spanish) was a significant predictor of whether an individual had knowledge of LD symptoms, correctly identified ticks as vectors for LD and performed daily tick checks. These results provide guidance for future development of more targeted and effective TBD prevention education for both Hispanic and non‐Hispanic communities.