bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasympathetic and sympathetic activity are associated with individual differences in neural indices of selective attention in adults
Authors: Giuliano Ryan J. , Karns Christina M. , Bell Theodore A. , Petersen Seth , Skowron Elizabeth A. , Neville Helen J. , Pakulak Eric 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMultiple theoretical frameworks posit that interactions between the autonomic nervous system and higher‐order neural networks are crucial for cognitive and emotion regulation. However, few studies have directly examined the relationship between measures of autonomic physiology and brain activity during cognitive tasks, and fewer studies have examined both the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic branches when doing so. Here, 93 adults completed an ERP auditory selective attention task concurrently with measures of parasympathetic activity (high‐frequency heart rate variability; HF‐HRV) and sympathetic activity (preejection period; PEP). We focus on the well‐studied N1 ERP component to test for associations with baseline values of HF‐HRV and PEP. Individuals with higher resting HF‐HRV and shorter resting PEP showed larger effects of selective attention on their ERPs. Follow‐up regression models demonstrated that HF‐HRV and PEP accounted for unique variance in selective attention effects on N1 mean amplitude. These results are consistent with the neurovisceral integration model, such that greater parasympathetic activity is a marker of increased selective attention, as well as other theoretical models that emphasize the role of heightened sympathetic activity in more efficient attention‐related processing. The present findings highlight the importance of autonomic physiology in the study of individual differences in neurocognitive function and, given the foundational role of selective attention across cognitive domains, suggest that both parasympathetic and sympathetic activity may be key to understanding variability in brain function across a variety of cognitive tasks.
The impact of cognitive training on spontaneous gamma oscillations in schizophrenia
Authors: Popova Petia , Rockstroh Brigitte , Miller Gregory A. , Wienbruch Christian , Carolus Almut M. , Popov Tzvetan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSchizophrenia patients exhibit less gamma‐frequency EEG/MEG activity (>30 Hz), a finding interpreted as evidence of poor temporal neural organization and functional network communication. Research has shown that neuroplasticity‐oriented training can improve task‐related oscillatory dynamics, indicating some reorganization capacity in schizophrenia. Demonstrating a generalization of such task training effects to spontaneous oscillations at rest would not only enrich understanding of this neuroplastic potential but inform the interpretation of spontaneous gamma oscillations in the service of normal cognitive function. In the present study, neuromagnetic resting‐state oscillatory brain activity and cognitive performance were assessed before and after training in 61 schizophrenia patients, who were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of neuroplasticity‐oriented targeted cognitive training or treatment as usual (TAU). Gamma power of 40–90 Hz increased after training, but not after TAU, in a frontoparietal network. Across two types of training, this increase was related to improved cognitive test performance. These results indicate that abnormal oscillatory dynamics in schizophrenia patients manifested in spontaneous gamma activity can be changed with neuroplasticity‐oriented training parallel to cognitive performance.
Hermeneutical Injustice and Liberatory Education
Authors: Elzinga Benjamin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHermeneutical injustice occurs when there is a gap in the interpretive resources available to members of a society due to the marginalization of members of a social group from sense‐making practices. In this paper, I address two questions about hermeneutical injustice that are undertheorized in the recent literature: (1) what do we mean when we say that someone lacks the interpretive resources for making sense of an experience? and (2) how do marginalized individuals develop interpretive resources? In response to (1), I argue that to lack interpretive resources is to lack conceptual skill or know how. In response to (2), I draw on resources from Gilbert Ryle and Andy Clark and provide a model of how marginalized individuals develop new conceptual skills by naming their shared experience and using it as a tool for scaffolding each other's conceptual performance. At the same time, I draw on the work of Gaile Pohlhaus and Kristie Dotson to show how these practices succeed only through the redistribution of epistemic power across differently situated social groups.
Heidegger's Conception of World and the Possibility of Great Art
Authors: White Justin F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInfluential interpretations of Heidegger's Origin of the Work of Art focus on the view that great art is massive and communal—typically structures like temples and cathedrals. This approach, however, faces two interpretive problems. First, what are we to do with artworks in the essay that clearly are not monumental or communal, such as van Gogh's Shoes? Second, how should we understand our experience of works such as the Greek temple, which once were but are no longer central in this way? Heidegger himself says that great art of the past becomes either a relic of the past or a mere object of aesthetic experience, but his description of his own experience with a Greek temple seems to contradict this. To understand Heidegger's views on art—including his explicit claims about the limited vitality of great art of the past and his unintentional case for the continued power of great art of the past—it is crucial to distinguish, first, between Heidegger's notions of world and worldhood, and, second, between two senses of what makes art great—world disclosure and world gathering. Doing so allows us to make better sense both of the essay as a whole and the potential continued vitality of great art of the past.
Young children tattle to enforce moral norms
Authors: Yucel Meltem , Vaish Amrisha 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBy 3 years of age, children tattle about rule violations they observe, even as unaffected bystanders. It is argued that tattling is one way in which children enforce norms and that in the long term, it helps sustain co‐operation (e.g., Vaish, Missana, & Tomasello, 2011). However, an alternative explanation could be that children are worried that the victim might blame them and so feel the need to inform the victim about who caused the harm. The present study aimed to tease these possibilities apart. Children observed a puppet either causing harm to another puppet (e.g., destroying their artwork) or no harm (e.g., destroying a different object). Importantly, the situation was constructed such that children knew they could not be blamed for the transgressions. Nonetheless, 3‐year‐old children tattled on the transgressor more when the transgressor had caused harm than no harm. Thus, young children's tattling about third‐party moral transgressions seems to be aimed at enforcing norms. An additional, exploratory goal of this study was to examine the relation between children's temperament and norm enforcement. Temperamental shyness negatively correlated with children's protesting and tattling behavior, though more research is needed to better understand the role of temperament in early norm enforcement.
Traversing Bloom's taxonomy in an introductory scripture course
Authors: Bruehler Bart B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMany courses in higher education rely on the hierarchical organization of Bloom's taxonomy to categorize and sequence learning. Introductory courses on scripture often emphasize remembering content and background as a basis for applying the sacred text to one's life. However, a review of the literature demonstrates little support for the widely assumed hierarchical nature of Bloom's taxonomy. Furthermore, this study examined the performance of traditional and non‐traditional students in a New Testament survey course on a comprehensive exam (a Remember task) and an application assignment (an Apply task) and found no correlation between the two. Furthermore, students struggled most with the interpretation portion of the application assignment, prompting the realization that interpreting a sacred text is a complex hermeneutical enterprise incorporating multiple levels of the taxonomy. Thus, introductory scripture courses may be better organized around the central, integrating practice of interpretation supported by needed information and application skills.
Conversation with 2017 American Academy of Religion Excellence in Teaching award winner Lynn Neal
Authors: Neal Lynn S. , Gallagher Eugene V. , Kwok Pui Lan , Pearson Thomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis conversation between the 2017 American Academy of Religion Excellence in Teaching award winner Lynn Neal and the editors of Teaching Theology and Religion continues an occasional series of interviews that has previously featured Jonathan Z. Smith, Stephen Prothero, Mary Pierce Brosmer, Mary Elizabeth Mullino Moore, and the 2016 Teaching award winner Joanne Maguire Robinson. The exchange takes as its point of departure the AAR teaching statement that Professor Neal submitted. Topics discussed include introductory courses, active learning assignments, religious intolerance and privatization, student learning outcomes, different levels of student skills and preparation, augmenting assignments through the production of video interviews with scholars, and finding conversation partners for reflecting on teaching under the life balance stresses of the academy today.
Blood gas and serum biochemical RIs for healthy newborn Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Santana André M. , Silva Daniela G. , Clemente Virna , Pizauro Lucas J. L. , Bernardes Priscila A. , Santana Clarissa H. , Eckersall Peter D. , Fagliari José J. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThere is a lack of published work on RIs for newborn buffaloes. Establishing blood gas and serum biochemical RIs for newborn buffaloes is important for monitoring health.ObjectivesThis study establishes blood gas and serum biochemical RIs of newborn buffaloes.MethodsTwenty‐eight newborn buffaloes, 10–30 days old, were selected. Thirty blood biochemical variables were analyzed. The Anderson–Darling test was used to assess the normality of the distribution. The Dixon test and the Tukey test were used to identify outliers. The RI and 90% CI were determined using standard and robust methods and the Box–Cox transformation.ResultsA total of 30 RIs for healthy buffalo calves have been reported in this study. RIs for blood gas variables were reported for pH, partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), saturation of O2 (SO2), bicarbonate (cHCO3−), base excess (BE), total carbon dioxide (ctCO2), and anion gap (AG). RIs for serum biochemical variables were reported for glucose (GLU), direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB), AST, ALP, GGT, CK, LDH, creatinine (CREA), urea, cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, iCa, Cl, iron, total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB).ConclusionsThis is the first reported study covering complete serum chemistry and blood gas RIs for healthy 1‐month‐old Murrah buffaloes.
Preparation of canine C‐reactive protein serum reference material: A feasibility study
Authors: Canalias Francesca , Piñeiro Matilde , Pato Raquel , Peña Raquel , Bosch Lluís , Soler Lourdes , García Natalia , Lampreave Fermín , Saco Yolanda , Bassols Anna 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe availability of a species‐specific reference material is essential for the harmonization of results obtained in different laboratories by different methods.ObjectivesWe describe the preparation of a canine C‐reactive protein (cCRP) serum reference material containing purified cCRP stabilized in a serum matrix. The material can be used by manufacturers to assign values to their calibrator and control materials.MethodsThe serum matrix was obtained using blood collected from healthy dogs, stabilized and submitted for a delipidation process. The reference material was prepared by diluting purified cCRP in the serum matrix containing 1.0 mol/L HEPES buffer, 3.0 mmol/L calcium chloride, 80,000 kUI/L aprotinin, and 1.0 mmol/L benzamidine hydrochloride monohydrate at a pH of 7.2, and dispensing (0.5 mL) the matrix into vials that were then frozen.ResultsThe pilot batch of 200 vials was shown to be homogeneous and stable after a stability study at various temperatures and over a total time of 110 days. The prepared material was submitted to an assignment value study. Eight laboratories from different European countries participated by using the same reagents for an immunoturbidimetric method adapted for different analyzers. The obtained cCRP concentration in the reference material was 78.5 mg/L with an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 4.2 mg/L.ConclusionsCanine C‐reactive protein serum reference material has been produced that allows harmonization of results obtained by different methods and different laboratories, thus reducing the possibility of errors and misunderstandings.
A cost‐benefit analysis of restoring the ecological integrity of Jeonju stream, Korea
Authors: Kim Ju‐Hee , Kim Hyo‐Jin , Yoo Seung‐Hoon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article aims to assess the economic benefits of restoring the ecological integrity of Jeonju stream, Korea and then conduct an ex post cost‐benefit analysis of the restoration. The benefits are measured by using the contingent valuation eliciting the local residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the restoration supposing that the restoration had not been implemented. The mean yearly WTP for the restoration is calculated to be KRW 2897 (USD 2.46) per household for the next 10 years. The costs of the restoration include the costs of restoring the ecological integrity for 2 years and maintaining it for the next 50 years. The ratio of benefit over cost, the net present value and the internal rate of return are estimated as 1.1, KRW 0.5 billion (USD 0.4 million) and 6.4%, respectively, which exceed 1.0, 0 and social discount rate of 5.5%, respectively. The results show that the restoration is socially profitable.
Daily muscle stretching enhances blood flow, endothelial function, capillarity, vascular volume and connectivity in aged skeletal muscle
Authors: Hotta Kazuki , Behnke Bradley J. , Arjmandi Bahram , Ghosh Payal , Chen Bei , Brooks Rachael , Maraj Joshua J. , Elam Marcus L. , Maher Patrick , Kurien Daniel , Churchill Alexandra , Sepulveda Jaime L. , Kabolowsky Max B. , Christou Demetra D. , Muller‐Delp Judy M. 
Published: April 2018

Key points
In aged rats, daily muscle stretching increases blood flow to skeletal muscle during exercise.
Daily muscle stretching enhanced endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation of skeletal muscle resistance arterioles of aged rats.
Angiogenic markers and capillarity increased in response to daily stretching in muscles of aged rats.
Muscle stretching performed with a splint could provide a feasible means of improving muscle blood flow and function in elderly patients who cannot perform regular aerobic exercise.
AbstractMechanical stretch stimuli alter the morphology and function of cultured endothelial cells; however, little is known about the effects of daily muscle stretching on adaptations of endothelial function and muscle blood flow. The present study aimed to determine the effects of daily muscle stretching on endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation and muscle blood flow in aged rats. The lower hindlimb muscles of aged Fischer rats were passively stretched by placing an ankle dorsiflexion splint for 30 min day–1, 5 days week–1, for 4 weeks. Blood flow to the stretched limb and the non‐stretched contralateral limb was determined at rest and during treadmill exercise. Endothelium‐dependent/independent vasodilatation was evaluated in soleus muscle arterioles. Levels of hypoxia‐induced factor‐1α, vascular endothelial growth factor A and neuronal nitric oxide synthase were determined in soleus muscle fibres. Levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase were determined in soleus muscle arterioles, and microvascular volume and capillarity were evaluated by microcomputed tomography and lectin staining, respectively. During exercise, blood flow to plantar flexor muscles was significantly higher in the stretched limb. Endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation was enhanced in arterioles from the soleus muscle from the stretched limb. Microvascular volume, number of capillaries per muscle fibre, and levels of hypoxia‐induced factor‐1α, vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were significantly higher in the stretched limb. These results indicate that daily passive stretching of muscle enhances endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation and induces angiogenesis. These microvascular adaptations may contribute to increased muscle blood flow during exercise in muscles that have undergone daily passive stretch.
Ídolos y sacrificios, un Girard olvidado
Authors: Moreno Fernández Agustín 
Published: April 2018

<p>Más allá de los clichés y de las simplificaciones que se aplican a la obra de René Girard, este trabajo reivindica el carácter crítico, independiente y complejo de su pensamiento. Un año después de su muerte y en el 25o aniversario de su diálogo con teólogos de la liberación, volvemos nuestra atención a las memorias de este encuentro. Se trata de una muestra de la riqueza y de los matices de su pensamiento, ejemplificados en su perspectiva respecto a la Pasión, antes considerada como una narración anti-sacrificial y después revalorada como sacrificio, a pesar de lo cual Girard mantiene su propia denuncia de las lógicas del sacrificio, generadoras de víctimas de la pobreza, la exclusión y la indiferencia, de acuerdo con los teólogos del encuentro.</p><p> </p>
High Levels of Intrinsic Tetracycline Resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus Are Conferred by a Tetracycline-Modifying Monooxygenase
Authors: Rudra Paulami , Hurst-Hess Kelley , Lappierre Pascal , Ghosh Pallavi 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Tetracyclines have been one of the most successful classes of antibiotics. However, its extensive use has led to the emergence of widespread drug resistance, resulting in discontinuation of use against several bacterial infections. Prominent resistance mechanisms include drug efflux and the use of ribosome protection proteins. Infrequently, tetracyclines can be inactivated by the TetX class of enzymes, also referred to as tetracycline destructases. Low levels of tolerance to tetracycline in
Mycobacterium smegmatis
and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
have been previously attributed to the WhiB7-dependent TetV/Tap efflux pump. However,
Mycobacterium abscessus
is ∼500-fold more resistant to tetracycline than
M. smegmatis
and
M. tuberculosis
. In this report, we show that this high level of resistance to tetracycline and doxycycline in
M. abscessus
is conferred by a WhiB7-independent tetracycline-inactivating monooxygenase, MabTetX (MAB_1496c). The presence of sublethal doses of tetracycline and doxycycline results in a >200-fold induction of MabTetX, and an isogenic deletion strain is highly sensitive to both antibiotics. Further, purified MabTetX can rapidly monooxygenate both antibiotics. We also demonstrate that expression of MabTetX is repressed by MabTetR
x
, by binding to an inverted repeat sequence upstream of MabTetR
x
; the presence of either antibiotic relieves this repression. Moreover, anhydrotetracycline (ATc) can effectively inhibit MabTetX activity
in vitro
and decreases the MICs of both tetracycline and doxycycline
in vivo
. Finally, we show that tigecycline, a glycylcycline tetracycline, not only is a poor substrate of MabTetX but also is incapable of inducing the expression of MabTetX. This is therefore the first demonstration of a tetracycline-inactivating enzyme in mycobacteria. It (i) elucidates the mechanism of tetracycline resistance in
M. abscessus
, (ii) demonstrates the use of an inhibitor that can potentially reclaim the use of tetracycline and doxycycline, and (iii) identifies two sequential bottlenecks—MabTetX and MabTetR
x
—for acquiring resistance to tigecycline, thereby reiterating its use against
M. abscessus
.
Tissue Distribution and Visualization of Internalized Human Norovirus in Leafy Greens
Authors: Esseili Malak A. , Meulia Tea , Saif Linda J. , Wang Qiuhong 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTLettuce has been implicated in human norovirus (HuNoV) outbreaks. The virus is stable on the leaf surface for at least 2 weeks; however, the dynamics of virus internalization have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the internalization and distribution of HuNoV and two surrogate viruses, porcine sapovirus (SaV) and Tulane virus (TV), in lettuce and spinach. Viral inoculations through the roots of seedlings and the petiole of leaves from mature plants were performed, and the viruses were tracked on days 1 and 6 post-root inoculation and at 16 h and 72 h post-petiole inoculation. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize root-internalized HuNoV. In both lettuce and spinach, (i) HuNoV was internalized into the roots and leaves at similar RNA titers, whereas surrogate viruses were more restricted to the roots, (ii) all three viruses were stable inside the roots and leaves for at least 6 days, and (iii) HuNoV disseminated similarly inside the central veins and leaf lamina, whereas surrogate viruses were more restricted to the central veins. Infectious TV, but not SaV, was detectable in all tissues, suggesting that TV has greater stability than SaV. HuNoV was visualized inside the roots' vascular bundle and the leaf mesophyll of both plants. In conclusion, using surrogate viruses may underestimate the level of HuNoV internalization into edible leaves. The internalization of HuNoV through roots and cut leaves and the dissemination into various spinach and lettuce tissues raise concerns of internal contamination through irrigation and/or wash water.IMPORTANCEHuman noroviruses are the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks, with lettuce being implicated in the majority of outbreaks. The virus causes acute gastroenteritis in all age groups, with more severe symptoms in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients, contributing to over 200,000 deaths worldwide annually. The majority of deaths due to HuNoV occur in the developing world, where limited sanitation exists along with poor wastewater treatment facilities, resulting in the contamination of water resources that are often used for irrigation. Our study confirms the ability of lettuce and spinach to internalize HuNoV from contaminated water through the roots into the edible leaves. Since these leafy greens are consumed with minimal processing that targets only surface pathogens, the internalized HuNoV presents an added risk to consumers. Thus, preventive measures should be in place to limit the contamination of irrigation water. In addition, better processing technologies are needed to inactivate internalized viral pathogens.