bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Kidney Injury in Deceased Organ Donors: Risk Factors And Impacts on Transplantation Outcomes
Authors: Jakubov Katarina , Petr Vojtech , Zahradka Ivan , Girmanova Eva , Hruba Petra , Keleman Roman , Viklicky Ondrej 
Published: November 2024

Background.
Acute kidney injury in deceased donors (D-AKI) is one of the common causes of donor kidney discard. The risk factors for D-AKI and its impact on kidney transplantation outcomes are not yet fully understood.

Methods.
This single-center, retrospective cohort study included 388 donors referred between June 2021 and December 2022. D-AKI was defined and staged according to kidney disease: Improving global outcomes criteria, and donor clinical variables were analyzed to identify risk factors for D-AKI. Delayed graft function and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 6 mo were evaluated in 369 kidney grafts transplanted from donors with and without D-AKI.

Results.
AKI was present in 171 deceased donors (44.1%), with 117 (30.2%) classified as AKI stage 1 and 54 (14%) as AKI stages 2 or 3. Donor history of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-3.10; P = 0.005), history of diabetes (OR 2.2; 95% CI, 1.21-3.98; P = 0.008), and anoxia as the cause of death (OR 2.61; 95% CI, 1.5-4.61; P < 0.001) were independently associated with an increased risk of D-AKI. Multivariable mixed models identified donor age (β –0.49; 95% CI, –0.71 to –0.28; P < 0.001) as the only independent risk factor for lower eGFR at 6 mo. D-AKI was not associated with delayed graft function or lower eGFR at 6 mo.

Conclusions.
Hypertension, diabetes, and anoxia as the cause of death were identified as risk factors for AKI in deceased donors. D-AKI should not be used as the sole criterion to assess the risk of poor graft outcomes. A broader range of donor variables should be considered when evaluating graft viability.
Patiromer Does Not Alter Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Kidney Transplant Recipients When Administered Three Hours Post–Tacrolimus
Authors: Drevland Ole Martin , Grasdal Marte , Carlsen Rasmus K. , Midtvedt Karsten , Robertsen Ida , Jenssen Trond G. , Alipour Shadi , Vethe Nils T. , Åsberg Anders , Mjøen Geir 
Published: November 2024

Background.
Hyperkalemia is common in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients. Patiromer, a potassium-binding polymer used to treat acute and chronic hyperkalemia, has the potential to bind charged particles in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby potentially affect the absorption of coadministered drugs. The immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus (Tac) has a narrow therapeutic window, is susceptible to drug-drug interactions (DDIs), and a potential gastrointestinal interaction with patiromer could elevate the risk of allograft rejection. We aimed to investigate the potential DDI between patiromer and Tac pharmacokinetics in KTx with hyperkalemia by sampling capillary blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS).

Methods.
Thirteen KTx recipients on Tac twice daily (BID) with plasma potassium levels of >4.6 mmol/L were included. Two 12 h Tac pharmacokinetic investigations were performed with and without 8.4 mg patiromer/d for 1 wk. Oral Tac dose remained unchanged and patiromer was administered 3 h after Tac dose. Tac sampling was self-conducted using VAMS after mastering the technique.

Results.
Ten patients provided 2 evaluable pharmacokinetic profiles. The Tac area under the curve (AUC)0–12 ratio (AUCTac+patiromer/AUCTac) was 0.99 (90% confidence interval [CI], 0.86-1.14), and the Cmax ratio was 1.01 (90% CI, 0.86-1.19). Tac C0 and C12 fulfilled the bioequivalence criteria with a ratio of 0.98 (90% CI, 0.90-1.07) and 0.93 (90% CI, 0.83-1.04), respectively.

Conclusions.
When administered 3 h after the Tac morning dose, patiromer has no clinically relevant impact on Tac pharmacokinetics. We demonstrate that VAMS is a well-suited sampling method to simplify the execution of DDI studies.
Some remarks on Coulombic effects in
pp
and
p¯p
scattering and the determination of
ρ
Authors: Durand Loyal , Ha Phuoc 
Published: November 2024

We point out a very simple method for calculating the mixed Coulomb-nuclear corrections to the pp and p¯p scattering amplitudes that has been missed in the extensive past work on this problem. The method expresses the correction in terms of a rapidly convergent integral involving the inverse Fourier-Bessel transform of the nuclear amplitude and a known factor containing the Coulomb phase shift with form-factor corrections. The transform can be calculated analytically for the exponential-type model nuclear amplitudes commonly used in fits to the high-energy data at small momentum transfers, and gives very accurate results for the corrections. We examine the possible effects of the Martin zero in the real part of the nuclear amplitude, and the accuracy of the Bethe-West-Yennie phase approximation for the Coulomb-nuclear corrections. We then apply the method to a redetermination of the ratio ρ of the real to the imaginary parts of the forward scattering amplitude in fits to high-energy Intersecting Storage Rings data previously analyzed using the approximate West-Yennie version of the correction. The only significant changes relative the accuracy of those fits are at 52.8 GeV. Our method is applicable more generally, and can be used also at lower energies and for proton-nucleus scattering.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum metrology with linear Lie algebra parameterizations
Authors: Lecamwasam Ruvi , Iakovleva Tatiana , Twamley Jason 
Published: November 2024

Lie algebraic techniques are powerful and widely used tools for studying dynamics and metrology in quantum optics. When the Hamiltonian generates a Lie algebra with finite dimension, the unitary evolution can be expressed as a finite product of exponentials using the Wei-Norman expansion. The system is then exactly described by a finite set of scalar differential equations, even if the Hilbert space is infinite. However, the differential equations provided by the Wei-Norman expansion are nonlinear and often have singularities that prevent both analytic and numerical evaluation. We derive a new Lie algebra expansion for the quantum Fisher information, which results in linear differential equations. Together with existing Lie algebra techniques this allows many metrology problems to be analysed entirely in the Heisenberg picture. This substantially reduces the calculations involved in many metrology problems, and provides analytical solutions for problems that cannot even be solved numerically using the Wei-Norman expansion. It also allows us to study general features of metrology problems, valid for all quantum states. We provide detailed examples of these methods applied to problems in quantum optics and nonlinear optomechanics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Gapless nonhydrodynamic modes in relativistic kinetic theory
Authors: Gavassino L. 
Published: November 2024

We provide rigorous criteria to determine whether the nonhydrodynamic sector of a relativistic kinetic theory is gapless. These general criteria apply to both Boltzmann's equation and approximate models thereof, provided that the latter are consistent with thermodynamic principles. As an application of these criteria, we prove that the nonhydrodynamic sector is gapless whenever the scattering cross section decays to zero at large energies. Physically, this happens because, if particles with very high energy (compared to the temperature) are free streaming, we can use them to build hot nonhydrodynamic waves, which live longer than any hydrodynamic wave. Since many standard cross sections in quantum field theory vanish at high energies, the existence of these nonthermal long-lived waves is a rather general feature of relativistic systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Navigating higher education in conflict zones: the role of professional capital and community engagement in northern Syria
Authors: Cinkara Emrah 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study examines the critical role of higher education in conflict zones, focusing on the northern regions of Syria affected by Operation Olive Branch and Operation Euphrates Shield. It explores how educational leaders navigate security challenges, community relations and curriculum development to sustain academic activities during ongoing conflicts.Design/methodology/approachEmploying a qualitative research design, the study utilizes semi-structured interviews with higher education administrators in Northern Syria. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, allowing for the identification of key themes related to security, community integration and educational quality.FindingsThe study highlights how administrators' professional capital – encompassing skills, knowledge and relationships – enables them to manage complex situations. It underscores the role of education in maintaining normalcy, promoting peace and providing psychosocial support during conflicts. Key findings include the importance of ensuring security, fostering community engagement, maintaining educational quality and innovating curricula to address local needs.Originality/valueThis paper provides insights into the unique challenges faced by higher education institutions in conflict zones and the strategies employed by leaders to overcome them. It emphasizes the transformative potential of education in promoting stability and peace in war-torn regions, offering valuable lessons for similar contexts worldwide.
Evaluating the implementations of big data analytics in academic libraries: a structural equation model-based approach
Authors: Tara Nain , Rafi Muhammad , Ahmad Khurshid 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe rapid evolution of technological infrastructure and analytical capabilities has facilitated the integration of big data analytics (BDA) across various sectors. This study aims to investigate the suitability of implementing BDA within academic libraries, addressing the demanding need for effective data utilization in contemporary educational environments.Design/methodology/approachThe research is grounded in five critical components: data-driven culture, organizational infrastructure, employee responsibilities, management capabilities and the successful deployment of technology for BDA. An extensive literature review led to the development of a Likert scale-based questionnaire distributed on social media to collect data from university librarians in Pakistan. The authors were able to collect the data from 211 librarians. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the variables, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using the AMOS to validate the research model.FindingsThe findings from the measurement model reveal significant positive correlations among all five components, underscoring their collective importance in facilitating the implementation of BDA. This formation is essential for addressing the evolving needs and academic requirements of users in the context of big data in a digital environment.Research limitations/implicationsThe study acknowledges limitations about its focus on a single country’s perspective, which may affect the generalizability of the findings regarding the implementation process of BDA in academic libraries.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the practices and capabilities of librarians in the era of big data as well as the requisite organizational infrastructure for the effective implementation of analytics in academic libraries.
Cybersecurity Transparency and Firm Success: Insights From the Australian Landscape
Authors: Al Amosh Hamzeh , Khatib Saleh F. A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAmid the increasing prevalence of cybersecurity challenges on a global scale, the significance of disseminating details pertaining to a company's ability to counteract cybersecurity threats becomes evident, reflecting the vigilance and preparedness of the organization in addressing such risks. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the disclosure of cybersecurity practices and the performance of companies within the Australian S&P/ASX 300 index spanning the period from 2010 to 2020. To analyze this connection, the generalized method of moments (GMM) technique was employed on the panel dataset of 2376 observations to address potential endogeneity issues identified in the initial findings. Our results indicate a positive impact on both accounting and market‐based performance metrics due to increased corporate cybersecurity disclosure. Consequently, broadening the range of disclosed cyber‐related information enhances companies' performance by furnishing valuable insights to stakeholders. The findings underscore the significance and reach of cybersecurity disclosure, affirming that meeting stakeholder expectations through the divulgence of cybersecurity information yields financial advantages and increases company performance. Furthermore, heightened transparency in cybersecurity matters mitigates information asymmetry, curtails agency problems, and reduces associated costs. Consequently, the disclosure of cybersecurity practices and incidents emerges as a strategic avenue for companies to bolster corporate well‐being in the future, fostering transparency, building trust with stakeholders, and potentially augmenting revenue. In light of these findings, it is increasingly imperative for companies to prioritize cybersecurity and proactively disclose their cybersecurity practices and incidents. To the best of our knowledge, this study stands out as one of the limited inquiries examining the impact of cybersecurity disclosure on company performance, specifically within the Australian context. The insights derived from this research carry significance for regulators, policymakers, investors, lenders, and a diverse array of stakeholders. By shedding light on the crucial role of cybersecurity disclosure practices, this study offers valuable guidance for these entities in understanding the pivotal connection between such disclosures and a company's ability to attain its financial objectives.
A critical examination of data for market stewardship: The case of the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme
Authors: Malbon Eleanor , Gilchrist David , Carey Gemma , Dickinson Helen , Chamberlain Daniel , Kavanagh Anne , Chand Satish , Alexander Damon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMarket mechanisms have emerged as a dominant approach in the provision of public welfare services, most notably in sectors such as disability care, aged care, and health care. While this shift promises potential benefits such as improved efficiency, enhanced service quality, and increased consumer support, it also presents significant challenges around equity, access, and the potential for market failure in the absence of effective regulation and governance. Stewardship of quasi‐markets from the national to the local level is essential for the success of such programs, and the effectiveness of that stewardship relies in part on good‐quality data for decision‐making. This research note provides a critical examination of the National Disability Insurance Scheme's (NDIS) data management in Australia and its implications for local market stewardship. This analysis highlights the considerable barriers local market stewards encounter in using NDIS market data for stewardship activities due to the pervasive issues of incomplete datasets and a lack of granular, comprehensive data. These obstacles constrain effective local decision‐making, obscure market predictability, and may hinder service improvement initiatives at the grassroots level. The study acknowledges ongoing improvements in NDIS data management while emphasising the need for rapid progress to ensure meaningful choice and control for all NDIS participants.Points for practitioners
Public sector markets can provide efficiencies for government, but they also require management to ensure they are functioning effectively and protecting equity.
‘Stewardship’ actions, to address market issues, require good‐quality data.
At present, data on the NDIS—both collected and distributed—have serious limitations that are hindering efforts to address market issues.
Land rights and a national representative body: Institutionalisation as a criterion for Indigenous policy success and failure
Authors: Sanders Will 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn a half‐century perspective on Australian Indigenous policy, land rights are compared with national Indigenous representative bodies. Adopting ‘institutionalisation’ as the criterion for assessing policy success and failure, land rights are seen as gradually progressed through the iterative actions of State and Commonwealth parliaments and their associated courts. By contrast, national Indigenous representative bodies, established solely by Commonwealth administrative or legislative processes, have proven vulnerable to later abolition by those same processes. Although land rights for Indigenous Australians have become legally embedded in Australian public policy over six decades, a national Indigenous representative body has not.Points for practitioners
In timeframes covering multiple parties of government, assessments of policy can be less polarised between success and failure.
Policies that become institutionalised can shift understandings and address problems acknowledged by all political parties, leading to elements of both success and failure.
Land rights and native title policies have become legally entrenched in Australia in the last half‐century through the iterative actions of State and Commonwealth parliaments and associated courts. This has achieved significant restitution of land to Indigenous people but with substantial limitations.
National Indigenous representative bodies have not achieved such institutionalisation, with four having come and gone over the half‐century. However, even these discarded failures had achievements in their time, particularly the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission 1990–2005.
Part of public service stewardship is to view policies in both longer and more nuanced terms than the adversary parties of government and opposition.
Incidence, risk factors, and patient characteristics in severe contact lens‐related microbial keratitis
Authors: Sund Martin Harvey , Slettedal Jon Klokk , Sæthre Marit , Haslev Hans Petter , Kristianslund Olav , Østern Atle Einar , Drolsum Liv 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present study was to determine the incidence, patient characteristics, and risk factors for severe, contact lens‐related keratitis in patients in need of hospitalization.MethodsKeratitis was defined as severe when the disease required hospitalization. All patients with contact lens‐related keratitis hospitalized at our department between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2020 were interviewed with a questionnaire, about their use of contact lenses and knowledge of complications. Clinical information was collected from the medical records.ResultsA total of 41 patients (42 eyes) were hospitalized with severe keratitis during the 3‐year period. The yearly incidence was 2.52 per 10 000 contact lens users over the age of 15 for extended‐wear lenses used overnight, and 0.52 per 10 000 for users of daily disposable contact lenses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated microbe. The median age was 50 years (range 15–66 years). Twenty‐three patients (56%) were female, 28 patients (66%) used extended‐wear contact lenses and 12 patients (29%) used daily disposable lenses. Nineteen patients (45%) admitted improper use. The median duration of contact lens use was 11.5 years. Only 15 patients (37%) had knowledge of keratitis as a potential complication.ConclusionMost patients were experienced contact lens users. Users of extended‐wear contact lenses worn overnight had a significantly higher risk of severe microbial keratitis. More focus on information and education of the risk of keratitis in contact lens users is needed.
Chromone Derivatives as a Novel NOX4 Inhibitor: Design, Synthesis, and Regulation of ROS in Renal Fibroblast
Authors: Wu Siming , Zhang Lei , Hao Chao , Ma Binhao , Li Zhaohui , Fan Shurong , Li Qianbin , Hu Gaoyun , Chen Zhuo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) has emerged as a promising target for developing drugs to tackle renal fibrosis. In this study, a series of chromone derivatives were designed and synthesized. Additionally, we established a NOX4 overexpression model using the NRK‐49F rat renal fibroblasts cell line and identified compound 14m as highly active through the assessment of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in this model. The drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay illuminated the robust binding stability of 14m with NOX4. Mechanistic studies further substantiated its efficacy in ameliorating fibrosis and inflammation. This investigation positions 14m as a noteworthy NOX4 inhibitor, shedding light on its regulatory role in renal fibroblasts. Importantly, it diversifies the structural landscape of NOX4 inhibitors, offering novel lead compounds for future development.
The unpaved road towards efficient selective breeding in insects for food and feed—A review
Authors: Hansen L. S. , Laursen S. F. , Bahrndorff S. , Sørensen J. G. , Sahana G. , Kristensen T. N. , Nielsen H. M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInsect production for food and feed presents a promising supplement to ensure food safety and address the adverse impacts of agriculture on climate and environment in the future. However, optimisation is required for insect production to realise its full potential. This can be by targeted improvement of traits of interest through selective breeding, an approach which has so far been underexplored and underutilised in insect farming. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the selective breeding framework in the context of insect production. We systematically evaluate adjustments of selective breeding techniques to the realm of insects and highlight the essential components integral to the breeding process. The discussion covers every step of a conventional breeding scheme, such as formulation of breeding objectives, phenotyping, estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values, selection of appropriate breeding strategies, and mitigation of issues associated with genetic diversity depletion and inbreeding. This review combines knowledge from diverse disciplines, bridging the gap between animal breeding, quantitative genetics, evolutionary biology and entomology, offering an integrated view of the insect breeding research area and uniting knowledge which has previously remained scattered across diverse fields of expertise.