bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double-slit photoelectron interference in strong-field ionization of the neon dimer
Authors: Kunitski Maksim , Eicke Nicolas , Huber Pia , Köhler Jonas , Zeller Stefan , Voigtsberger Jörg , Schlott Nikolai , Henrichs Kevin , Sann Hendrik , Trinter Florian , Schmidt Lothar Ph. H. , Kalinin Anton , Schöffler Markus S. , Jahnke Till , Lein Manfred , Dörner Reinhard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWave-particle duality is an inherent peculiarity of the quantum world. The double-slit experiment has been frequently used for understanding different aspects of this fundamental concept. The occurrence of interference rests on the lack of which-way information and on the absence of decoherence mechanisms, which could scramble the wave fronts. Here, we report on the observation of two-center interference in the molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distribution upon ionization of the neon dimer by a strong laser field. Postselection of ions, which are measured in coincidence with electrons, allows choosing the symmetry of the residual ion, leading to observation of both, gerade and ungerade, types of interference.
Reprogramming the adjuvant properties of aluminum oxyhydroxide with nanoparticle technology
Authors: Orr Mark T. , Khandhar Amit P. , Seydoux Emilie , Liang Hong , Gage Emily , Mikasa Traci , Beebe Elyse L. , Rintala Nicholas D. , Persson Karin H. , Ahniyaz Anwar , Carter Darrick , Reed Steven G. , Fox Christopher B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAluminum salts, developed almost a century ago, remain the most commonly used adjuvant for licensed human vaccines. Compared to more recently developed vaccine adjuvants, aluminum adjuvants such as Alhydrogel are heterogeneous in nature, consisting of 1–10 micrometer-sized aggregates of nanoparticle aluminum oxyhydroxide fibers. To determine whether the particle size and aggregated state of aluminum oxyhydroxide affects its adjuvant activity, we developed a scalable, top-down process to produce stable nanoparticles (nanoalum) from the clinical adjuvant Alhydrogel by including poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) polymer as a stabilizing agent. Surprisingly, the PAA:nanoalum adjuvant elicited a robust TH1 immune response characterized by antigen-specific CD4+ T cells expressing IFN-γ and TNF, as well as high IgG2 titers, whereas the parent Alhydrogel and PAA elicited modest TH2 immunity characterized by IgG1 antibodies. ASC, NLRP3 and the IL-18R were all essential for TH1 induction, indicating an essential role of the inflammasome in this adjuvant’s activity. Compared to microparticle Alhydrogel this nanoalum adjuvant provided superior immunogenicity and increased protective efficacy against lethal influenza challenge. Therefore PAA:nanoalum represents a new class of alum adjuvant that preferentially enhances TH1 immunity to vaccine antigens. This adjuvant may be widely beneficial to vaccines for which TH1 immunity is important, including tuberculosis, pertussis, and malaria.
Z-DNA and Z-RNA in human disease
Authors: Herbert Alan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLeft-handed Z-DNA/Z-RNA is bound with high affinity by the Zα domain protein family that includes ADAR (a double-stranded RNA editing enzyme), ZBP1 and viral orthologs regulating innate immunity. Loss-of-function mutations in ADAR p150 allow persistent activation of the interferon system by Alu dsRNAs and are causal for Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome. Heterodimers of ADAR and DICER1 regulate the switch from RNA- to protein-centric immunity. Loss of DICER1 function produces age-related macular degeneration, a different type of Alu-mediated disease. The overlap of Z-forming sites with those for the signal recognition particle likely limits invasion of primate genomes by Alu retrotransposons.
Geometry and arithmetic of crystallographic sphere packings
Authors: Kontorovich Alex , Nakamura Kei 
Published: December 2018

Significance
This paper studies generalizations of the classical Apollonian circle packing, a beautiful geometric fractal that has a surprising underlying integral structure. On the one hand, infinitely many such generalized objects exist, but on the other, they may, in principle, be completely classified, as they fall into, only finitely, many “families,” all in bounded dimensions.
Bipolar switching by HCN voltage sensor underlies hyperpolarization activation
Authors: Cowgill John , Klenchin Vadim A. , Alvarez-Baron Claudia , Tewari Debanjan , Blair Alexander , Chanda Baron 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels show an inverted voltage response compared with virtually all other voltage-gated channels, opening on hyperpolarization rather than depolarization. Although the structure of the HCN1 channel was recently solved, the structural element(s) responsible for the inverted gating polarity of HCN is not known. Here, we use a hierarchical approach, by first characterizing the functional contribution of each structural element to channel gating, and then identifying the critical interactions between these elements. Our studies reveal that the HCN voltage sensor can gate the same pore open on both depolarization and hyperpolarization, thereby acting as a bipolar switch. Elements in the pore domain shut off the depolarization-activation pathway in wild-type channels.
El uso de la cortesía lingüística en la petición en español y alemán en un intercambio de colaboración virtual
Authors: Vinagre Margarita , Suárez María 
Published: December 2018

ResumenEstudios sobre el modo de realizar las peticiones en los entornos presenciales señalan que, en situaciones en las que existe una distancia social grande entre los interlocutores, el hablante buscará salvaguardar la imagen del oyente y mitigar la imposición mediante el uso de estrategias de cortesía negativa o indirecta. En los entornos virtuales por el contrario, un número creciente de estudios señala que, ante la petición, los participantes tienden a emplear estrategias de cortesía positiva en vez de negativa o emplean la cortesía lingüística de un modo distinto al de los entornos presenciales. En este estudio presentamos un análisis de las peticiones y estrategias de cortesía empleadas por cuatro participantes en un proyecto de colaboración virtual en eTandem. Además de corroborar lo ya descubierto en estudios previos sobre el uso de la cortesía lingüística en entornos virtuales, los resultados parecen indicar que el modo de realizar la petición en este entorno no está determinado por la lengua y cultura propia sino que imita el modelo presentado por el compañero, además de tener en cuenta otros aspectos como la asimetría en la relación.
Identifying verb collocational patterns in a specialized medical journal corpus
Authors: Verdaguer Isabel , Noguchi Judy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the collocational patterns of frequent verbs in medical research articles, and proposes a way to help non-native speakers of English learn word combinations frequently used in specific professional genres. We explore the correlations in the syntactico-semantic behavior and the collocational patterns of related verbs, in order to systematically teach recurrent word combinations.To this end, we present a corpus-based analysis of the collocational patterning of the verbs which belong to the same semantic frame inFrameNet, the frame EVIDENCE. These verbs were identified in 397 medical research articles from a pre-release version of the PERC (Professional English Research Consortium) corpus (3,155,118 tokens and 115,960 word types). The verbs examined, in approximate order of degree of increasing certainty, aresuggest, argue, show, reveal, prove, demonstrate, substantiate, verify, confirmandcorroborate. The results reveal that verbs that can be grouped into semantic and syntactic coherent sets also share combinatorial properties. We conclude that, rather than studying isolated verbs, making learners aware of these patterns of verb groups can greatly contribute toward efficient learning of the language of professional texts.
No effect of HMB or α‐HICA supplementation on training‐induced changes in body composition
Authors: Teixeira Filipe J. , Matias Catarina N. , Monteiro Cristina P. , Valamatos Maria J. , Reis Joana F. , Batista Ana , Oliveira Ana C. , Alves Francisco , Sardinha Luís B. , Phillips Stuart M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstractβ‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (calcium: HMB‐Ca and free acid: HMB‐FA) and α‐hydroxyisocaproic acid (α‐HICA) are leucine metabolites that have been proposed to improve body composition and strength when combined with resistance exercise training (RET). In this double‐blind randomized controlled pragmatic trial, we evaluated the effects of off‐the‐shelf supplements: α‐HICA, HMB‐FA and HMB‐Ca, on RET‐induced changes in body composition and performance. Forty men were blocked randomized to receive α‐HICA (n = 10, fat‐free mass [FFM] = 62.0 ± 7.1 kg), HMB‐FA (n = 11, FFM = 62.7 ± 10.5 kg), HMB‐Ca (n = 9, FFM = 65.6 ± 10.1 kg) or placebo (PLA; n = 10, FFM = 64.2 ± 5.7 kg). The training protocol consisted of a whole‐body resistance training routine, thrice weekly for 8 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and total body water (TBW) by whole‐body bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), both at baseline and at the end of weeks 4 and 8. Time‐dependent changes were observed for increase in trunk FFM (p < 0.05). No statistically significant between‐group or group‐by‐time interactions were observed. Supplementation with HMB (FA and Ca) or α‐HICA failed to enhance body composition to a greater extent than placebo. We do not recommend these leucine metabolites for improving body composition changes with RET in young adult resistance trained men.
The Functional Status Examination in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Sub-Study
Authors: Zahniser Evan , Temkin Nancy R , Machamer Joan , Barber Jason , Manley Geoffrey T , Markowitz Amy J , Dikmen Sureyya S ,   TRACK-TBI Investigators
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
The Functional Status Examination (FSE) is a comprehensive measure of functional status post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) that has primarily been used in studies of moderate-to-severe TBI. The present observational study examines functional status using the FSE among patients who sustained mild TBIs (mTBIs; defined as Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] = 13–15 at admission) seen in a Level 1 trauma center. Study aims included examining the course of functional status following mTBI, as well as exploring relationships of the FSE and other relevant constructs among those with GCS = 13–15.

Method
Participants were assessed at 2 weeks (n = 112), 3 months (n = 113), 6 months (n = 106), and 12 months (n = 88) post-injury for changes in functional status resulting both (a) from all injuries and (b) from TBI only.

Results
Among seven domains of day-to-day functioning, participants generally experienced the greatest disruption in their primary activity (work or school) and in leisure and recreation. Subjects’ overall functional status tended to improve over time, with sharpest increases in functionality occurring in the first 3 months post-injury. However, some subjects continued to report functional limitations even at 12 months post-injury. Functional status was largely unrelated to neurocognitive functioning, but related strongly to post-traumatic symptoms, life satisfaction, and emotional well-being, particularly at 3 months post-injury and beyond.

Conclusion
Findings indicate that functional impairments related to mTBI may be more likely to persist than widely believed, with those who experience lingering functional deficits at particular risk for emotional health difficulties.
Long-term trends (1973–14) for obesity and educational inequalities among Austrian adults: men in the fast lane
Authors: Großschädl Franziska , Stronegger Willibald J 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe examination of obesity trends is important to plan public health interventions specific to target-groups. We investigated long-term trends of obesity for the Austrian adult population between 1973 and 2014 according to their sex, age and education and the magnitude of educational-inequalities.MethodsData were derived from six national, representative, cross-sectional interview surveys (N = 194 030). Data correction factors for self-reported body mass index (BMI) were applied. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Absolute changes (ACs) and aetiologic fractions (AFs) were calculated to identify trends in the obesity prevalence. To measure the extent of social inequality, the relative index of inequality was computed based on educational levels.ResultsIn 2014, the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity was 14.6% (95%CI: 14.0–15.3) for women and 16.8% (95%CI: 16.1–17.9) for men. Obesity was most prevalent among subjects aged 55–74 years and those with low educational status. The AC in the obesity prevalence during the study period was highest for men aged 75 years and older with high/middle educational levels (16.2%) and also high for subjects aged 55 years and older with low educational levels. The greatest dynamics for obesity were observed among the oldest men with high/middle educational levels. Educational inequalities for obesity were higher among women, but only increased among men.ConclusionsSince 1973, the prevalence for obesity was observed to be higher for men than women in Austria for the first time. Men showed the greatest increase in prevalence and risk for obesity during the study period. Further studies are needed to determine the drivers behind these trends.
Pathology Study Design, Conduct, and Reporting to Achieve Rigor and Reproducibility in Translational Research Using Animal Models
Authors: Everitt Jeffrey I , Treuting Piper M , Scudamore Cheryl , Sellers Rani , Turner Patricia V , Ward Jerrold M , Zeiss Caroline J 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn translational research, animal models are an important tool to aid in decision-making when taking potential therapies into human clinical trials. Recently, there have been a number of papers that have suggested limited concordance of preclinical animal experiments with subsequent human clinical experience. Assessments of preclinical animal studies have led to concerns about the reproducibility of data and have highlighted the need for an emphasis on rigor and quality in the planning, conduct, analysis, and reporting of such studies. The incorporation of a wider role for the comparative pathologist using pathology best practices in the planning and conduct of animal model-based research is one way to increase the quality and reproducibility of data. The use of optimal design and planning of tissue collection, incorporation of pathology methods into written protocols, conduct of pathology procedures using accepted best practices, and the use of optimal pathology analysis and reporting methods enhance the quality of the data acquired from many types of preclinical animal models and studies. Many of these pathology practices are well established in the discipline of toxicologic pathology and have a proven and useful track record in enhancing the data from animal-based studies used in safety assessment of human therapeutics. Some of this experience can be adopted by the wider community of preclinical investigators to increase the reproducibility of animal study data.
Malaria in Early Pregnancy and the Development of the Placental Vasculature
Authors: Moeller Sofie L , Nyengaard Jens R , Larsen Lise G , Nielsen Karsten , Bygbjerg Ib C , Msemo Omari A , Lusingu John P A , Minja Daniel T R , Theander Thor G , Schmiegelow Christentze 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Pregnancy malaria has a negative impact on fetal outcome. It is uncertain whether infections in early pregnancy have a clinical impact by impeding the development of the placental vasculature.

Methods
Tanzanian women (n = 138) were closely monitored during pregnancy. Placentas collected at birth were investigated using stereology to establish the characteristics of placental villi and vessels. Placental vasculature measures were compared between women infected with malaria and controls.

Results
Compared with controls, placentas from women infected with malaria before a gestational age (GA) of 15 weeks had a decreased volume of transport villi (mean decrease [standard deviation], 12.45 [5.39] cm3; P = .02), an increased diffusion distance in diffusion vessels (mean increase, 3.33 [1.27] µm; P = .01), and a compensatory increase in diffusion vessel surface area (mean increase, 1.81 [0.74 m2]; P = .02). In women who had malaria before a GA of 15 weeks diffusion vessel surface area and transport vessel length distance were positive predictors for birth weight (multilinear regression: P = .007 and P = .055 for diffusion surface area and transport length, respectively) and GA at delivery (P = .005 and P = .04).

Conclusions
Malaria infection in early pregnancy impedes placental vascular development. The resulting phenotypic changes, which can be detected at delivery, are associated with birth weight and gestational length.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02191683.
Genome-Wide, Integrative Analysis Implicates Exosome-Derived MicroRNA Dysregulation in Schizophrenia
Authors: Du Yang , Yu Yun , Hu Yang , Li Xiao-Wan , Wei Ze-Xu , Pan Rui-Yuan , Li Xue-Song , Zheng Guang-En , Qin Xiao-Yan , Liu Qing-Shan , Cheng Yong 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Genetic variants conferring risk for schizophrenia (SCZ) have been extensively studied, but the role of posttranscriptional mechanisms in SCZ is not well studied. Here we performed the first genome-wide microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling in serum-derived exosome from 49 first-episode, drug-free SCZ patients and 46 controls and identified miRNAs and co-regulated modules that were perturbed in SCZ. Putative targets of these SCZ-affected miRNAs were enriched strongly for genes that have been implicated in protein glycosylation and were also related to neurotransmitter receptor and dendrite (spine) development. We validated several differentially expressed blood exosomal miRNAs in 100 SCZ patients as compared with 100 controls by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The potential regulatory relationships between several SCZ-affected miRNAs and their putative target genes were also validated. These include hsa-miR-206, which is the most upregulated miRNA in the blood exosomes of SCZ patients and that previously reported to regulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, which we showed reduced mRNA and protein levels in the blood of SCZ patients. In addition, we found 11 miRNAs in blood exosomes from the miRNA sequence data that can be used to classify samples from SCZ patients and control subjects with close to 90% accuracy in the training samples, and approximately 75% accuracy in the testing samples. Our findings support a role for exosomal miRNA dysregulation in SCZ pathophysiology and provide a rich data set and framework for future analyses of miRNAs in the disease, and our data also suggest that blood exosomal miRNAs are promising biomarkers for SCZ.
Transglutaminase diseases: from biochemistry to the bedside
Authors: Lorand Laszlo , Iismaa Siiri E. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIn humans, 9 members of the transglutaminase (TG) family have been identified, of which 8 [factor XIII (FXIII)A and TG1–TG7] catalyze post‐translational protein‐modifying reactions, and 1 does not (protein 4.2). The TG enzymatic activities considered in our discussion of human disease include deamidation of glutamine (Gln) residues, amine incorporation into Gln residues, and protein crosslinking. Except for TG7, which remains poorly studied, all individual TG members have been correlated with disparate human diseases that arise from either TG function or lack of function. Loss of TG function is associated with numerous orphan diseases that affect a relatively small number of individuals: loss of FXIIIa (transamidase‐activated form) crosslinking leads to defects in blood coagulation in FXIII deficiency; loss of TG1 and TG5 cross linking leads to defects in epidermal cornification in lamellar ichthyosis and acral peeling skin syndrome, respectively; loss of TG3 crosslinking in hair‐cuticle formation leads to uncombable hair syndrome; the predicted loss of TG6 crosslinking leads to spinocerebellar ataxia‐35; and loss of the structural erythrocyte membrane protein, protein 4.2, leads to hereditary spherocytosis type 5. The enzymatic activity of TG2 is involved in the exacerbation of celiac disease and in at least 1 case of hemoglobinopathy, characterized by shortened erythrocyte lifespan. TGs are also autoantigens in a number of immune diseases, resulting in the production of autoantibodies against FXIIIa in acquired FXIII deficiency, TG2 in celiac disease, TG3 in dermatitis herpetiformis, TG4 in autoimmume polyglandular syndrome type 1, and TG6 in gluten axonal neuropathy and gluten ataxia. Much still remains to be learned and confirmed with respect to disease mechanisms, particularly with respect to TG‐related immune diseases, in which development of isozyme‐specific inhibitors may be useful for treatment.—Lorand, L., Iismaa, S. E. Transglutaminase diseases: from biochemistry to the bedside. FASEB J. 33, 3–12 (2019). www.fasebj.org
RIDGE-SHAPED MACULA PROGRESSING PARALLEL TO BRUCH MEMBRANE DEFECTS AND MACULAR SUPRACHOROIDAL CAVITATION
Authors: Fang Yuxin , Du Ran , Jonas Jost B. , Watanabe Takashi , Uramoto Kengo , Yokoi Tae , Onishi Yuka , Yoshida Takeshi , Kamoi Koju , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To report on a progressing ridge-shaped macula parallel to Bruch membrane defects and a macular suprachoroidal cavitation.

Method:
Single case report.

Result:
The right eye of a 54-year-old man with an axial length of 30.96 mm showed 2 extrafoveal Bruch membrane defects with a partial herniation of the retina into the choroidal space and an ophthalmoscopically yellowish area inferior to one of the Bruch membrane defects. Optical coherence tomography revealed a horizontal transfoveal ridge of the sclera, Bruch membrane, and macula and a deepening of the suprachoroidal space, corresponding to the ophthalmoscopically detectable yellowish area and fulfilling the criteria of a macular suprachoroidal cavitation. After a follow-up of 10 years, the height of the ridge increased parallel to a further deepening of the macular suprachoroidal cavitation and an increase in axial length by 0.67 mm.

Conclusion:
The findings support the notion of a progression of a ridge-shaped macula parallel to a further deepening of a macular suprachoroidal cavitation in an axially elongating eye.