bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in long‐term physical activity trajectories among individuals with chronic widespread pain: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Martin Kathryn R. , Druce Katie L. , Murdoch Sarah E. , D'Ambruoso Lucia , Macfarlane Gary J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about long‐term physical activity (PA) maintenance in those with chronic widespread pain (CWP) following an exercise intervention. This study examined PA over time to identify the existence and characteristics of subgroups following distinct PA trajectories.MethodsData come from individuals with CWP who took part in a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial, receiving either exercise or both exercise and cognitive behavioural therapy treatment. Information, including self‐report PA, was collected at baseline recruitment, immediately post‐intervention, 3, 24 and 60+ month post‐treatment. Analyses were conducted on 196 men and women with ≥ 3 PA data points. Group‐based trajectory modelling was used to identify latent PA trajectory groups and baseline characteristics (e.g., demographics, pain, self‐rated health, fatigue, coping‐strategy use and kinesiophobia) of these groups.ResultsThe best fitting model identified was one with three trajectories: “non‐engagers” (n = 32), “maintainers” (n = 144) and “super‐maintainers” (n = 20). Overall, mean baseline PA levels were significantly different between groups (non‐engagers: 1.1; maintainers: 4.6; super‐maintainers: 8.6, p < 0.001) and all other follow‐up points. Non‐engagers reported, on average, greater BMI, higher disabling chronic pain, poorer self‐rated health, physical functioning, as well as greater use of passive coping strategies and lower use of active coping strategies.ConclusionsThe majority of individuals with CWP receiving exercise as part of a trial were identified as long‐term PA maintainers. Participants with poorer physical health and coping response to symptoms were identified as non‐engagers. For optimal symptom management, a stratified approach may enhance initiation and long‐term PA maintenance in individuals with CWP.SignificanceChronic pain can be a major barrier to engaging in exercise, a popular self‐management strategy. Our findings identify three distinct long‐term physical activity trajectories for individuals receiving the same exercise intervention. This suggests an approach by health care providers which identifies individuals who would benefit from additional support to enhance initiation and long‐term physical activity maintenance could deliver better outcomes for such patients.
On the role of solid particles in CO2 bubble nucleation for solvent regeneration of MEA‐based CO2 capture technology
Authors: Liu Menglong , Tang Siyang , Ma Kui , Liu Changjun , Yue Hairong , Liang Bin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMonoethanolamine (MEA) solution has been used widely in the post‐combustion CO2 capture process; however, the high heat duty and reaction temperature (e.g. 125°C) for MEA regeneration leads to a high energy requirement (nearly 70–80% of the total running cost). We report the use of solid particles (H‐Zeolite Socony Mobile‐5 (HZSM‐5), quartz, and activated carbon) to facilitate the mass transfer of CO2 bubble nucleation and enhance the CO2 desorption rate. The results show that the mass transfer of CO2 from liquid phase to gas phase is the rate‐determining step, rather than the chemical reaction. The addition of HZSM‐5 particles in the solution significantly enhanced CO2 bubble nucleation by providing nucleation sites and gas cavities, leading to an average CO2 desorption rate enhancement of 43.2%, and an energy consumption reduction of 23.3%. This process also operated at ∼95°C, which is a much lower temperature than that used in the commercial process and is feasible for industrial applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated segmentation of medial temporal lobe subregions on in vivo T1‐weighted MRI in early stages of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xie Long , Wisse Laura E. M. , Pluta John , de Flores Robin , Piskin Virgine , Manjón Jose V. , Wang Hongzhi , Das Sandhitsu R. , Ding Song‐Lin , Wolk David A. , Yushkevich Paul A. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2019

AbstractMedial temporal lobe (MTL) substructures are the earliest regions affected by neurofibrillary tangle pathology—and thus are promising biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, automatic segmentation of the MTL using only T1‐weighted (T1w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging due to the large anatomical variability of the MTL cortex and the confound of the dura mater, which is commonly segmented as gray matter by state‐of‐the‐art algorithms because they have similar intensity in T1w MRI. To address these challenges, we developed a novel atlas set, consisting of 15 cognitively normal older adults and 14 patients with mild cognitive impairment with a label explicitly assigned to the dura, that can be used by the multiatlas automated pipeline (Automatic Segmentation of Hippocampal Subfields [ASHS‐T1]) for the segmentation of MTL subregions, including anterior/posterior hippocampus, entorhinal cortex (ERC), Brodmann areas (BA) 35 and 36, and parahippocampal cortex on T1w MRI. Cross‐validation experiments indicated good segmentation accuracy of ASHS‐T1 and that the dura can be reliably separated from the cortex (6.5% mislabeled as gray matter). Conversely, FreeSurfer segmented majority of the dura mater (62.4%) as gray matter and the degree of dura mislabeling decreased with increasing disease severity. To evaluate its clinical utility, we applied the pipeline to T1w images of 663 ADNI subjects and significant volume/thickness loss is observed in BA35, ERC, and posterior hippocampus in early prodromal AD and all subregions at later stages. As such, the publicly available new atlas and ASHS‐T1 could have important utility in the early diagnosis and monitoring of AD and enhancing brain‐behavior studies of these regions.
Predictors and processes of satisfaction with work–family balance: Examining the role of personal, work, and family resources and conflict and enrichment
Authors: Wayne Julie H. , Matthews Russell , Crawford Wayne , Casper Wendy J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDrawing from resource‐based theories, we conduct two studies to investigate the unique and relative importance of personal (e.g., resilience, proactive health behaviors), work, and family resources (i.e., enriched job and family roles, work and family support) to balance satisfaction, and the mediating roles of conflict and enrichment. We test our hypotheses in Study 1 using a cross‐sectional survey of 216 employees and in Study 2 using a time‐lagged survey over 3 months with 220 employees. Across both studies, work and family resources (e.g., enriched job and family characteristics, work and family support) were positively related to balance satisfaction. In general, work resources were more relevant to balance satisfaction than were personal or family resources. In terms of processes, work resources relate to less work‐to‐family conflict and greater work‐to‐family enrichment which in turn, relate to greater balance. In contrast, the family‐to‐work directions of conflict and enrichment were just weakly related to balance. Across the two studies, findings regarding the role of personal resources were mixed. We discuss how these findings expand our understanding of work–family balance and the practical implications for human resource practitioners.
Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on metal–organic framework based on copper, zinc, and imidazole coated poly‐l‐lactic acid nanofiber scaffolds
Authors: Telgerd M. D. , Sadeghinia Mohammad , Birhanu Gebremariam , Daryasari M. P. , Zandi‐Karimi Ali , Sadeghinia Ali , Akbarijavar Hamid , Karami M. H. , Seyedjafari Ehsan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe presence of inorganic bioactive minerals with polymers can accelerate and promote several processes including: bone cell joining, proliferation, differentiation, and expression of osteogenic proteins. In this study, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and imidazole metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles were synthesized and coated over poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. The surface and bioactive features of the scaffolds were characterized. The osteogenic potential of the scaffolds on human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was evaluated. Zn–Cu imidazole MOF coated PLLA scaffolds (PLLA@MOF) showed a comparable rate of MSC proliferation with the pure PLLA scaffolds and tissue culture plate (TCP). However, the PLLA@MOF potential of osteogenic differentiation was significantly greater than either pristine PLLA scaffolds or TCP. Hence, coating Zn–Cu imidazole MOF has a significant effect on the osteogenesis of MSC. Therefore, PLLA@MOF is novel scaffolds with bioactive components which are crucial for osteoconductivity and also able to provoke the osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
LncRNA AWPPH and miRNA‐21 regulates cancer cell proliferation and chemosensitivity in triple‐negative breast cancer by interacting with each other
Authors: Liu Ai‐Na , Qu Hua‐Jun , Gong Wen‐Jing , Xiang Jin‐Yu , Yang Miao‐Miao , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLong–non‐coding RNAs (lncRNA) AWPPH promotes the progression of liver and bladder cancer, indicating its oncogenic role. The current study aimed to explore the involvement of AWPPH in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the current study, we found that plasma levels of lncRNA AWPPH and microRNA‐21 (miRNA‐21) were upregulated in patients with TNBC than in healthy controls, and the upregulation of plasma lncRNA AWPPH and miRNA‐21 distinguished early‐stage patients with TNBC from healthy controls. Plasma levels of lncRNA AWPPH and miRNA‐21 were significantly and positively correlated in both patients with TNBC and healthy controls. LncRNA AWPPH and miRNA‐21 overexpression led to promoted cancer cells proliferation and improved cancer cell viability under carboplatin treatment, while lncRNA AWPPH small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing played an opposite role. In addition, miRNA‐21 overexpression attenuated the effects of lncRNA AWPPH siRNA silencing on of cancer cell behaviors. LncRNA AWPPH overexpression led to upregulated miRNA‐21 in TNBC cells, while miRNA‐21 overexpression also led to significantly upregulated lncRNA AWPPH expression. Therefore, lncRNA AWPPH and miRNA‐21 may regulate cancer cell proliferation and chemosensitivity in TNBC by interacting with each other.
Norepinephrine protects against apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells induced by high glucose
Authors: Kong Yanan , Cheng Liuhanghang , Ma Li , Li Haihong , Cheng Biao , Zhao Yu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn diabetes, the number of bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) decreases and their differentiation is impaired. However, the exact mechanism is unclear. Patients with diabetes often experience sympathetic nerve injury. Norepinephrine (NE), a major mediator of the sympathetic nervous system, influences rat MSC migration in culture and in vivo. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of NE on MSCs under high glucose conditions; therefore MSCs were treated with high glucose and NE. High glucose‐induced MSCs apoptosis, which was reversed by NE. To verify the effect of NE, mice underwent sympathectomy and were used to establish a diabetic model. Diabetic mice with sympathectomy had a higher apoptosis rate and higher levels of reactive oxygen species in their bone marrow‐derived cells than diabetic mice without sympathectomy. High glucose inhibited p‐AKT production and B‐Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 expression, and promoted BAX and caspase‐3 expression. NE reversed these effects of high glucose. An AKT inhibitor enhanced the effects of high glucose. Thus, NE had a protective effect on MSC apoptosis induced by high glucose, possibly via the AKT/BCL‐2 pathway.
Beam and dielectric materials impact on improvement of the performance of a novel capacitive shunt RF MEMS switch
Authors: Girija Sravani Kondavitee , Sudheer Babu Gopisetty , Ramesh Mamidichetti , Prudhvi Raj Viswanadhuni , Prathyusha Dinnipati , Srinivasa Rao Karumuri 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a novel radiofrequency micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (RF MEMS) shunt capacitive switch having high isolation and low insertion loss for microphone applications. The device optimization and various electromechanical analysis are performed using a finite element modeler (FEM) solver. The proposed switch results in a pull‐in voltage of 36.88 V to displace movable beam 2/3rd of its initial gap. By varying beam material, dielectric material, beam‐dielectric thickness, and air gap between movable beam and dielectric layer, various electromechanical and electromagnetic analyses are carried out. For better isolation, silicon nitride (Si3N4) is used for the dielectric layer than hafnium oxide (HfO2) and silicon carbide (SiC). To achieve maximum displacement of the beam, various materials such as aluminum, gold, nickel, and copper are chosen; among all, this gold shows high displacement because of its good conductivity. By implementing various meandering techniques along with perforations, pull‐in voltage and stiction problems are reduced. The switch exhibits good return loss of −28 dB and insertion loss of −0.017 dB during on‐state at 5 GHz and high isolation of −41.26 dB at 10.5 GHz during off‐state. The proposed switch is used at the subsystem/device level in the future microphone, aircraft navigation, and satellite applications.
Feeding Tube Insertion and Placement Confirmation Using Electromagnetic Guidance: A Team Review
Authors: McCutcheon Kevin P. , Whittet Wanda L. , Kirsten Julie L. , Fuchs John L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundChallenges for bedside placement of small‐bore feeding tube (SBFT) include iatrogenic injury, multiple exposures to x‐rays, and prolonged placement times. In 2011, the study facility began a feeding tube placement team (FTPT) using the CORTRAK system (CS) in the adult intensive care unit (ICU) and medical‐surgical populations. In 2013, a protocol was implemented using the CS to determine final SBFT location.MethodsSerial retrospective reviews were done of patients with SBFT placement by the FTPT during July 2011–December 2012 and 2015. Measures included pulmonary deviation, tube location, placement agreement beyond chance for CS tracing and confirmation radiography (CR), x‐ray frequency, and placement time intervals.ResultsA total of 6290 SBFT placements were completed for 4239 patients. First‐attempt SBFT locations were 12.78% gastric, 13.39% first through fourth portion of duodenum, and 73.83% ligament of Treitz/jejunum, with zero placements in esophagus or lung. In 2015, staff avoided 68 lung placements by recognizing proximal pulmonary deviation. X‐ray preprotocol vs protocol (mean [SD]: 1.02 [0.15] vs 0.26 [0.44]) resulted in 74% x‐ray reduction and cost avoidance of $346,000. Time intervals (mean [SD]; N = 6290) were 14.90 (12.74) minutes for insertion, 46.04 (13.80) minutes for placement event, and 3.85 (2.23) hours for consult conclusion. Agreement for n = 1692 placements was 85.28%, with k score of 0.622 (95% confidence limit: 0.582, 0.661; P = .0005).ConclusionsTeam management of SBFT placement using the CS optimizes patient safety, standardizes practice, and decreases cost. Using the CS to determine final SBFT location is a safe alternative to CR.
Malnutrition Diagnosis in Critically Ill Patients Using 2012 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Standardized Diagnostic Characteristics Is Associated With Longer Hospital and Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay and Increased In‐Hospital Mortality
Authors: Hiura Grant , Lebwohl Benjamin , Seres David S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundStandardized diagnostic criteria for malnutrition were developed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (AND/ASPEN) in 2012. The criteria as a whole has had little validation, and the effect of underlying condition on the impact of malnutrition has not been well studied. We measured the association between severe malnutrition and hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, and mortality among critically ill inpatients.MethodsWe analyzed hospital records from 5606 patients whose admission included an ICU stay. Associations between severe malnutrition and LOS and mortality were examined by multivariable linear and logistic regression.ResultsThirteen percent were diagnosed with severe malnutrition. These had significantly longer hospital LOS (18 [interquartile range 10–35] days vs 8 [5–14] days), total ICU LOS (7 [3–15] days vs 3 [1–6] days) and in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.33‐3.31), compared with those without severe malnutrition. After adjusting for demographics, we found significant interactions between severe malnutrition and ICU location. Patients with malnutrition in the cardiothoracic surgery ICU experienced the largest increases in hospital LOS (21.10 days, 95% CI 18.58‐23.61), ICU LOS (12.14 days, 95% CI 10.41‐13.87), and in‐hospital mortality (OR 8.78, 95% CI 5.11‐15.07).ConclusionCritically ill patients diagnosed with severe malnutrition based on the AND/ASPEN diagnostic characteristics experienced longer hospital and ICU LOS and increased mortality. The magnitude of effect of malnutrition was modified by ICU location, underscoring the need to identify the major comorbidities associated with malnutrition.
Characterization of Crocetin‐Monoglucuronide as a Neuron‐Protective Metabolite of Crocin‐1
Authors: Zhu Anyun , Lao Chuyu , Wang Ze , Chen Yang , Bai Chuan 
Published: April 2019

ScopeCrocins are important apocarotenoids in the extract of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and fruits of gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides E.). Crocins have shown versatile biological activities and thus they have been considered to be promising therapeutics for neurodegenerative and heart diseases. Metabolism studies report that crocetin‐monoglucuronide (CM) is produced and detected in rat blood plasma after oral administration of crocins. However, due to the lack of standard compound of CM, its unambiguous identification, quantification, and bioactivity studies have been hindered.Methods and resultsCM is synthetized and its existence in blood plasma in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats is quantified. The pharmacokinetic studies show that CM is produced in blood and brain after oral administration of crocin‐1. It is then discovered that CM possesses neuroprotective activity against beta‐amyloid (Aβ) toxicity in PC‐12 cells and drosophila models. The enzymatic assay shows that CM can effectively inhibit AChE and docking studies indicate that CM may bind in the gorge channel of AChE.ConclusionThe work discovered that CM is a neuron‐protective metabolite of the orally administrated crocin‐1. It is demonstrated that AChE can be one of the targets of CM in its neuron‐protective activity.
Separation of water and fat signal in whole‐body gradient echo scans using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Andersson Jonathan , Ahlström Håkan , Kullberg Joel 
Published: April 2019

PurposeTo perform and evaluate water–fat signal separation of whole‐body gradient echo scans using convolutional neural networks.MethodsWhole‐body gradient echo scans of 240 subjects, each consisting of 5 bipolar echoes, were used. Reference fat fraction maps were created using a conventional method. Convolutional neural networks, more specifically 2D U‐nets, were trained using 5‐fold cross‐validation with 1 or several echoes as input, using the squared difference between the output and the reference fat fraction maps as the loss function. The outputs of the networks were assessed by the loss function, measured liver fat fractions, and visually. Training was performed using a graphics processing unit (GPU). Inference was performed using the GPU as well as a central processing unit (CPU).ResultsThe loss curves indicated convergence, and the final loss of the validation data decreased when using more echoes as input. The liver fat fractions could be estimated using only 1 echo, but results were improved by use of more echoes. Visual assessment found the quality of the outputs of the networks to be similar to the reference even when using only 1 echo, with slight improvements when using more echoes. Training a network took at most 28.6 h. Inference time of a whole‐body scan took at most 3.7 s using the GPU and 5.8 min using the CPU.ConclusionIt is possible to perform water–fat signal separation of whole‐body gradient echo scans using convolutional neural networks. Separation was possible using only 1 echo, although using more echoes improved the results.
Land‐sharing/‐sparing connectivity landscapes for ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation
Authors: Grass Ingo , Loos Jacqueline , Baensch Svenja , Batáry Péter , Librán‐Embid Felipe , Ficiciyan Anoush , Klaus Felix , Riechers Maraja , Rosa Julia , Tiede Julia , Udy Kristy , Westphal Catrin , Wurz Annemarie , Tscharntke Teja 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The land‐sharing versus land‐sparing debate recently stagnated, lacking an integrating perspective in agricultural landscapes as well as consideration of ecosystem services. Here, we argue that land‐sharing (i.e. wildlife‐friendly farming systems) and land‐sparing (i.e. separation of high‐yielding agriculture and natural habitats) are not mutually exclusive, as both are needed to balance management needs for the multifunctionality of agricultural landscapes.

Land‐sharing promotes ecosystem services in agricultural settings, thereby allowing for environmentally friendly production. Land set aside in protected areas by land‐sparing is crucial for conservation of those species that are incompatible with agriculture.

Importantly, as species move throughout the landscape and exploit different habitats, increased connectivity between environmentally friendly managed and protected areas is needed to (a) promote spillover of ecosystem service providers from land‐sharing/‐sparing measures to agricultural production and rescue service‐providing species from extinction in hostile areas, (b) to facilitate immigration and counteract possible extinctions in spared habitats and (c) to conserve response diversity of species communities for ensuring resilience of ecosystem services in changing environments.

In conclusion, the successful management of multifunctional landscapes requires the combination of context‐specific land‐sharing and land‐sparing measures within spatially well‐connected landscape mosaics, resulting in land‐sharing/‐sparing connectivity landscapes.

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