bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radial position control for magnetically suspended high‐speed flywheel energy storage system with inverse system method and extended 2‐DOF PID controller
Authors: Chen Liangliang , Zhu Changsheng , Zhong Zhixian , Wang Changkun , Li Zhinong 
Published: October 2019

To achieve high‐precision position control for the active magnetic bearing high‐speed flywheel rotor system (AMB‐HFRS), a novel control strategy based on inverse system method and extended two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF) proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is proposed in this study. First, the inverse system method is employed to decouple the AMB flywheel rotor system with strong non‐linear and coupling, into four independent subsystems. Subsequently, extended 2‐DOF PID controllers are used to regulate the decoupled subsystems, to obtain good performances of disturbance rejection and tracking simultaneously. In the extended 2‐DOF PID controller, a differential signal is produced by a velocity observer to improve the ability of against noise. Finally, the characteristics of stability, tracking, disturbance rejection and robustness of the control strategy proposed are analysed in theory, and its ability and effectiveness to control the radial position of the AMB‐HFRS are further studied by simulations and experiments. It is shown that the control strategy proposed can keep the AMB‐HFRS suspending stably from static state to the speed of 24,000 rpm, has the advantages of good tracking, high disturbance rejection, strong robustness and good ability of against noise.
High‐sensitive acquisition method of GPS signal based on iridium assistance
Authors: Zihuan Hao , Lei Zhang 
Published: October 2019

Global positioning system (GPS) signal is severely attenuated in indoor, urban, and forest environments. To capture weak GPS signal, long‐time coherent integration and non‐coherent integration are used to increase signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, coherent integration time is constrained by Doppler frequency and navigation message, and the non‐coherent integration has square loss. Assisted GPS (AGPS) can effectively prolong the coherent integration time, but it is costly and has poor performance in rural areas. An Iridium‐assisted acquisition method is proposed here. The coherent integration time can be prolonged with Iridium‐assisted values of code phase, Doppler frequency, and navigation message. This method can effectively improve the acquisition sensitivity and reduce the average acquisition time. The Monte–Carlo simulation results show that the capture sensitivity can reach 15 dB‐Hz (CNR) with 200 ms coherent integration.
Applicable STAP for moving FOD detection
Authors: Yang Xiaoqi , Huo Kai , Zhang Xinyu , Jiang Weidong 
Published: October 2019

Serious security risks and economic losses have increased rapidly under the threat of foreign object debris. Most detection methods employing optical devices are limited in severe weather for low visibility. This study proposes an applicable approach for moving foreign object debris on the basis of space‐time adaptive processing. The geometrical model of an airport is introduced whereby the runway and lawn are divided into clutter cells. After calculating the complex amplitude of clutter in each cell, the authors employ the minimum variance power spectrum and degrees of freedom to describe the ground clutter characteristics. Then the space‐time filter is designed under the linearly constrained minimum variance criterion to suppress the clutter and detects the moving target. Simulations show that the errors in azimuth and Doppler are both less than −15 dB when SCNR = −20 dB.
Deceptive multiple false targets jamming recognition for linear frequency modulation radars
Authors: Du Congju , Zhao Yuan , Wang Lu , Tang Bin , Xiong Ying 
Published: October 2019

This study considers the problem of deceptive multiple false targets jamming recognition. Due to the different modulation patterns, there is a great difference in fast‐time frequency spectrum or slow‐time Doppler spectrum between the different types of jammings. The proposed algorithm first extracts the received sample matrix, then computes left and right similarity (LR‐similarity) by fast‐time‐slicing or slow‐time‐slicing process and finally recognises the samples according to template matching classifier. Experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy recognition probability of the proposed method is >95%, when jamming‐to‐signal ratio is above 3 dB.
Properties of LBGs with [OIII] detection at z ∼ 3.5
Authors: Yuan Fang-Ting , Burgarella Denis , Corre David , Buat Veronique , Boquien Médéric , Shen Shiyin 
Published: October 2019

Context. Nebular emission lines are critical to measure physical properties in the ionized gas (e.g., metallicity, the star formation rate, or dust attenuation). They also account for a significant fraction of broadband fluxes, in particular at the highest redshifts, and therefore can strongly affect the determination of other physical properties, such as the stellar mass, which are crucial in shaping our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution.
Aims. We investigate a sample of 51 Lyman break galaxies at 3.0 <  zspec <  3.8 with detected [OIII] line emissions and estimated the physical properties of these galaxies to examine the impact of including nebular emission data in the Spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting.
Methods. We used the Code Investigating GALaxy Emission (CIGALE) to fit the rest-frame ultraviolet-to-near-infrared SEDs of these galaxies and their emission line data simultaneously. We ran CIGALE with and without the nebular model or the emission line data, and compare the results to show the importance of including the nebular emission line data in the SED fitting.
Results. We find that without the nebular model, the SED fitting overestimates the stellar mass due to the strong [OIII] lines that are redshifted to the Ks-band, which is consistent with previous results. The emission line data are necessary to constrain the nebular model in the SED fitting. We examine the Ks-band excess, which is mostly used to estimate the emissions of the [OIII]+Hβ lines when there is no spectral data, and we find that the estimation and observation are statistically consistent. However, the difference can reach up to more than 1 dex in some catastrophic cases, which shows the importance of obtaining spectroscopic measurements for these lines. We also estimate the equivalent width of the Hβ absorption and find it negligible compared to the Hβ emission.
Conclusions. Line emission is important to constrain the nebular models and to obtain reliable estimates of the physical properties of galaxies. These data should be taken into account in the SED fitting.
Verletzungen im Eishockey – Eine retrospektive Fragebogenerhebung bei Zweitliga-Amateur-Eishockeyspielern des Kantons Bern (Schweiz)
Authors: Taeymans Jan , Blaser Vera , Kneubuehl Melanie , Rogan Slavko 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Zweikämpfe an der Bande oder Kontakt mit dem Puck, Eishockeyschläger oder Schlittschuhen können Verletzungen bei Eishockeyspielern verursachen. Für eine adäquate Prävention von Verletzungen und Planung des Verletzungsmanagements ist eine gute epidemiologische Datenlage notwendig. In der Schweiz fehlen bis dato solche epidemiologischen Daten im Amateur-Eishockey. Diese Arbeit hatte das Ziel, die Verletzungshäufigkeit, Verletzungslokalisationen, Verletzungsart, Schweregrad, Verletzungsmechanismen, Präventionsmaßnahmen sowie Zugang zu Erstversorgung nach einer Verletzung in Zweitliga-Amateur-Eishockeymannschaften des Kantons Bern aufzuzeigen.
Probanden/Methodik Diese deskriptive Studie wurde mittels einer retrospektiven, selbstrapportierten Fragebogenerhebung am Ende der Saison 2017/18 durchgeführt. Erhoben wurden anthropometrische Merkmale, Angaben zum Trainings- und Wettkampfvolumen, zur Verletzungshäufigkeit, Verletzungslokalisationen, Verletzungsart, Schweregrad, Verletzungsmechanismen und Präventionsmaßnahmen sowie zur klinischen Versorgung im Fall einer Verletzung.
Ergebnisse 86 von 96 Fragebögen konnten ausgewertet werden. Während der letzten 12 Monate verletzten sich 44 Spieler 1-mal und 5 Spieler 2-mal. Die Verletzungshäufigkeit betrug im Training 0,7 Verletzungen pro 1000 Stunden und im Wettkampf 4,7 pro 1000 Stunden. Die meist genannten Verletzungslokalisationen waren Knie (17,9 %), Fuß (14,3 %), Kopf (12,5 %) und Schulter (10,7 %). Verletzungen wurden vorwiegend durch externe Faktoren produziert. Distorsionen, Frakturen und Kontusionen waren die häufigsten Verletzungsarten. 19 Verletzungen hatten eine Auszeit von mehr als 4 Wochen zur Folge („schwer“).
Schlussfolgerung Die Verletzungshäufigkeit war im Wettkampf 6,35-mal höher im Vergleich zum Training. Die Hälfte aller Verletzungen wurde in der unteren Extremität lokalisiert, davon 18 % am Knie. 19 Verletzungen wurden als „schwer“ eingestuft. Verletzungen wurden vorwiegend durch externe Faktoren produziert. Mögliche Präventionsmaßnahmen sind Fördern von Fairplay, das Anpassen von Spielregeln, Förderung zum Tragen von Schutzausrüstung, das Üben des peripheren Sehens und Krafttraining für die Rumpf- und Beinmuskulatur. Um die Vergleichbarkeit solcher Studien zu erhöhen, ist das Handhaben von standardisierten Definitionen bzgl. „Verletzung“ und „Verletzungsschweregrad“ notwendig.
Effekte sportlicher Belastung auf die Skelettmuskulatur und das zentrale Nervensystem im Alter
Authors: Schumann Moritz , Bloch Wilhelm , Oberste Max 
Published: October 2019

Was ist neu?
Altersassoziierte Veränderungen der Skelettmuskulatur Biologisches Altern geht mit einer stetigen Atrophie von bis zu 40 % der Muskelmasse einher. Induziert wird dies maßgeblich durch das Absterben von Motoneuronen und einer damit einhergehenden verringerten Anzahl an Muskelfasern.

Altersassoziierte Veränderungen des ZNS Neben Veränderungen der Skelettmuskulatur geht der Altersgang auch mit Einschränkungen der Struktur und Funktion des zentralen Nervensystems einher. Dabei geht man insbesondere von einem durch Botenstoffe gesteuerten „Crosstalk“ zwischen der Skelettmuskulatur und dem Gehirn aus, welcher maßgeblich für den Erhalt beider „Organe“ unabdingbar ist.
Empfehlung für sportliche Belastungen zur funktionalen Erhaltung der Skelettmuskulatur und des ZNS Der altersassoziierten Degeneration des Bewegungsapparats und des ZNS kann effektiv durch regelmäßiges Kraft- und Ausdauertraining entgegengewirkt werden. Grundsätzlich müssen Empfehlungen zur sportlichen Aktivität der individuellen Situation des Patienten angepasst werden.
Physicians’ view on sigmoidoscopy as an additionally offered method for colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Cespedes Iraima , Seidler Ursula , Walter Ulla , Dreier Maren 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background In Germany, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening includes a fecal blood test or colonoscopy, but not a sigmoidoscopy, which has been shown to reduce CRC incidences and mortality. Our aim was to compile physicians’ experiences with sigmoidoscopy and their assessments of this procedure being an additional, possible screening method for early CRC detection.
Methods At the end of 2015, gastroenterologists and internists in Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia who regularly perform screening colonoscopies in outpatient care were contacted per mail. Standardized telephone interviews consisting of 17 questions and lasting 10–15 minutes were conducted.
Results Nearly two-thirds (56/87) of the respondents reject sigmoidoscopy as an acceptable early detection method. Compared to colonoscopy, key features of the sigmoidoscopy include more favorable patient-related aspects, while procedural aspects, except sedation, clearly rate in favor of the colonoscopy. In the instance that colonoscopy is rejected, 75 % of the physicians consider a sigmoidoscopy to be a possible alternative.
Conclusions The survey provides important practical insights into outpatient sigmoidoscopy. A majority of the physicians does not support evidence-based sigmoidoscopy for CRC screening. However, individuals who reject a colonoscopy are, in line with the current guideline, identified as a target group for a screening sigmoidoscopy. The benefit from an additionally offered sigmoidoscopy in CRC screening should be further analyzed with special consideration given to the preferences of insurees within the German healthcare system.
EFSUMB Clinical Safety Statement for Diagnostic Ultrasound – (2019 revision)
Authors: Kollmann Christian , Jenderka Klaus-Vitold , Moran Carmel M. , Draghi Ferdinando , Jimenez Diaz J. F. , Sande Ragnar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis document is the updated 2019 revision of the EFSUMB Clinically Safety Statement. A Safety Statement has been published by EFSUMB annually since 1994 by the Safety Committee (ECMUS) of the federation. The text is deliberately brief and gives a concise overview of safety in the use of diagnostic ultrasound.
Impact of Nd : YAG laser radiation (λ = 1.44 mm) on myocardial tissue in the treatment of coronary heart disease by transmyocardial laser revascularisation
Authors: Belov S.V. , Danileiko Yu.K. , Egorov A.B. , Shilin L.G. , Shulutko A.M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have studied the impact of Nd : YAG laser radiation with a wavelength of λ = 1.44 μm on the myocardial tissue for the formation of channels in the treatment of coronary heart disease by transmyocardial laser revascularisation (TMLR). The mechanism of perforation of the myocardial tissue by a laser pulse is presented and an experimental setup for TMLR is developed. In experiments on biological objects, the optimal parameters of radiation energy and duration necessary for the formation of channels of a given size in a single laser pulse are determined. The exposure regime ensures the adequate character of myocardial tissue destruction, assessed by such criteria as the perforation force, exposure energy, size of the coagulation zone, and level of carbonisation.
Laser optical frequency combs and their applications in optical fibre communication systems and astrophysics
Authors: Kryukov P.G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the generation and applications of laser optical frequency combs (LOFCs). The unique properties of LOFCs are widely used in spectroscopy and metrology, in particular for making ultra-accurate optical clocks. The use of LOFCs contributes to advances in optical fibre communication systems and studies pertaining to fundamental problems of astrophysics, such as the search for and investigation of exoplanets and verification of the hypothesis that physical constants vary with time.
On the possibility of a significant improvement in the quality of a quantum ghost image by registering an additional image in the object channel
Authors: Balakin D.A. , Belinsky A.V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A modification of the classical scheme of the quantum ghost image formation is considered, in which an image of the object under study is formed and recorded in the object channel. This image is used together with the ghost image to construct an estimate of the transparency distribution of the object. It is shown that this technique reduces the image quality worsening associated with the non-unit quantum efficiency of the sensors, even when the quantum image obtained in the object channel is additionally distorted by noise due to photons that did not interact with the object.
Coherent-state quantum cryptography using pseudorandom number generators
Authors: Avanesov A.S. , Kronberg D.A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quantum key distribution plays an important role in modern cryptography, since the security of the transmitted keys is guaranteed by fundamental laws of nature. A method using pseudorandom number generators well known from classical cryptography is considered. It is shown that their use in quantum cryptography makes it possible to increase the key generation rate under very weak assumptions about the capabilities of the eavesdropper. A practical scheme of a coherent-state quantum key distribution protocol using pseudorandom sequences is proposed. The cryptographic strength of the proposed protocol against a beam-splitting attack is considered.
Investigation of an electron-beam pumped VECSEL based on an InGaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure
Authors: Andreev A.Yu. , Bagaev T.A. , Butaev M.R. , Gamov N.A. , Zhdanova E.V. , Zverev M.M. , Kozlovsky V.I. , Skasyrsky Ya.K. , Yarotskaya I.V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report the results of a study of an e-beam pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) based on an InGaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. Metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) is employed to grow two structures of different design, which contain 10 quantum wells (QWs) and a built-in distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror. Under repetitively pulsed electron-beam excitation (50 Hz, 250 ns), a peak output power of 5.5 W is achieved at a wavelength of 2.5 W and an output power of 2.5 W at 1.013 μm with a total convergence angle no larger than 20 mrad.
Quantifying the future lethality of terror organizations
Authors: Yang Yang , Pah Adam R. , Uzzi Brian 
Published: October 2019

Significance
We develop and test a model that predicts the future lethality of a terror group. The model significantly increases the level of explained variance over existing models and presents early-warning signal predictions. Our early-warning model predicts the future lethality of a group using only a handful of events that occur soon after it emerges. Using the first 10 to 20 attacks or the first 10 to 20% of a group’s lifetime, our early-warning model provides about 60% of the explanatory power as would having a group’s complete lifetime data, which is a basis for improved counter insurgency resources.
SOD2 acetylation on lysine 68 promotes stem cell reprogramming in breast cancer
Authors: He Chenxia , Danes Jeanne M. , Hart Peter C. , Zhu Yueming , Huang Yunping , de Abreu Andre Luelsdorf , O’Brien Joseph , Mathison Angela J. , Tang Binwu , Frasor Jonna M. , Wakefield Lalage M. , Ganini Douglas , Stauder Erich , Zielonka Jacek , Gantner Benjamin N. , Urrutia Raul A. , Gius David , Bonini Marcelo G. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) has been established as a suppressor of tumor initiation. However, late-stage solid tumors display high levels of SOD2 expression. Here, we report that overexpression of SOD2 causes its accumulation in an acetylated form that increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species as well as HIF2α activity. HIF2α is a potent promoter of cancer stem cell formation, which is largely responsible for treatment failure and metastatic recurrence of breast cancer. In agreement, we found increased SOD2 and HIF2α in metastatic lesions compared with primary tumors from the same patients. Taken together, our results indicate that the accumulation of acetylated SOD2 observed in late-stage cancer may drive cancer stem cell formation, contributing to tumor aggressiveness and poorer outcomes.
Asynchronous nitrogen supply and demand produce nonlinear plant allocation responses to warming and elevated CO2
Authors: Noyce Genevieve L. , Kirwan Matthew L. , Rich Roy L. , Megonigal J. Patrick 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceInteractions between nutrient supply and plant demand dictate key terrestrial ecosystem feedbacks to global climate change. We investigated these responses in a marsh ecosystem and found that plants and soils respond to warming at different temperatures. Modest warming caused plant demand for nitrogen (N) to outpace the soil N supply, while more extreme warming caused the N supply to outpace plant N demand. These responses changed when elevated CO2was added to the warming treatments. Globally, terrestrial plant N demand has exceeded soil N supply in unfertilized ecosystems over the past century; our results reveal that this imbalance is driven primarily by elevated CO2and forecast that N supply will likely increase over plant demand as warming exceeds 2 °C.
Human papillomavirus 16 promotes microhomology-mediated end-joining
Authors: Leeman Jonathan E. , Li Yi , Bell Andrew , Hussain Suleman S. , Majumdar Rahul , Rong-Mullins Xiaoqing , Blecua Pedro , Damerla Rama , Narang Himanshi , Ravindran Pavithran T. , Lee Nancy Y. , Riaz Nadeem , Powell Simon N. , Higginson Daniel S. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Cancers associated with the human papillomavirus, including oropharyngeal, anal canal, cervical, and vulvar carcinomas, constitute about 4.5% of all solid tumors. In many cases, they can be readily cured with radiotherapy, which is the mainstay of treatment. HPV-associated cancers are more radiosensitive than HPV-negative cancers, but the mechanism of this radiosensitivity is unknown. Across all of oncology, HPV association is one of the only validated molecular biomarker of radiosensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein alters DNA double-strand break repair pathways by promoting error-prone, microhomology-mediated end-joining and suppressing nonhomologous end-joining. These results characterize the molecular mechanism of this unique biomarker in cancer therapy and suggest therapeutic vulnerabilities.
IL-37 is increased in brains of children with autism spectrum disorder and inhibits human microglia stimulated by neurotensin
Authors: Tsilioni Irene , Patel Arti B. , Pantazopoulos Harry , Berretta Sabina , Conti Pio , Leeman Susan E. , Theoharides Theoharis C. 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceIL-37, an antiinflammatory cytokine, is increased along with the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 and its receptor IL-18R in the amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). IL-37 inhibits neurotensin (NT)-stimulated secretion and gene expression of IL-1β and CXCL8 from cultured human microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain. Moreover, NT, IL-1β, and TNF increase gene expression of IL-37 in these microglia. These findings highlight the important role of NT in the activation of microglia and of IL-37 in the inhibition of inflammation, thus supporting the development of IL-37 as a treatment for ASD.
Lipid-targeting pleckstrin homology domain turns its autoinhibitory face toward the TEC kinases
Authors: Amatya Neha , Wales Thomas E. , Kwon Annie , Yeung Wayland , Joseph Raji E. , Fulton D. Bruce , Kannan Natarajan , Engen John R. , Andreotti Amy H. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is targeted in treatment of immune cancers. As patients experience drug resistance, there is a need for alternative approaches to inhibit BTK. Other recently published findings clarify the role of the BTK pleckstrin homology (PH) domain in mediating activation via dimerization and sensing of ligand concentration at the membrane. Work presented here provides insight into the autoinhibitory BTK structure that has so far been elusive via crystallographic methods. In the resting state, the BTK PH domain binds to the activation loop face of the kinase domain and allosterically alters key sites within the kinase domain. The findings define a new regulatory site, the PH/kinase interface, that can be exploited in drug discovery efforts.