bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hakekat Hukum Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap Sengketa Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada)
Authors: Tatawu Guasman 
Published: February 2019

Proses peradilan yang dijalankan oleh MK menganut asas-asas yaitu (1) ius curia novit; (2) Persidangan terbuka untuk umum; (3) Independen dan imparsial; (4) Peradilan dilaksanakan secara cepat, sederhana, dan biaya ringan; (5) Hak untuk didengar secara seimbang (audi et alteram partem); dan (6) Hakim aktif dan juga pasif dalam persidangan. Selain itu perlu ditambahkan lagi satu asas yaitu asas (7) Praduga Keabsahan (praesumptio iustae causa). Penerapan asas-asas ini yaitu pada seluruh proses penyelesaian sengketa oleh MK. Pengambilan putusan penyelesaian Perselisihan Sengketa Pilkada di Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) didasarkan pada keyakinan hakim konstitusi setelah menilai bukti yang diajukan oleh para pihak. Sementara itu, undang-undang telah membatasi kewenangan MK dalam Pemilukada yaitu hanya untuk memutus hasil penghitungan suara Pilkada. Oleh karena itu, MK melalui penafsiran telah menciptakan norma baru dalam putusan-putusan perkara Pemilukada. Dalam beberapa putusannya, MK telah memperluas ruang lingkup kewenangan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa Pilkada sampai pada proses Pilkada. Pada dasarnya, putusan MK terhadap sengketa Pilkada menganut prinsip hukum yang bersifat Final dan Mengikat (binding). Prinsip hukum tersebut mengandung 2 (dua) makna yaitu Pertama, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang bersifat final dan mengikat (binding) mengandung beberapa makna hukum, yaitu: a.) Untuk mewujudkan kepastian hukum sesegera mungkin bagi para pihak yang bersengketa. b.) Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai pengadilan konstitusional, berbeda halnya dengan pengadilan konvensional yang menerapkan ruang untuk menempuh upaya hukum. c.) bermakna sebagai perekayasa hukum. Dalam artian, Mahkamah Konstitusi melalui putusan-putusannya, diharapkan mampu merekayasa hukum sesuai yang telah digariskan oleh UUD 1945 sebagai konstitusi (gronwet). d.) Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai penjaga dan penafsir tunggal konstitusi. Dengan demikian, kehadiran Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia diharapkan mampu menjaga stabilitas segenap elemen negara untuk tetap sejalan dengan amanat konstitusi. Kedua, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang bersifat final dan mengikat (binding), melahirkan sejumlah akibat hukum dalam penerapannya. Dalam hal ini, penulis kemudian menggolongkannya ke dalam 2 (dua) garis besar, yakni putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang menimbulkan akibat hukum yang bermakna positif dan akibat hukum yang bermakna negatif. Adapun akibat hukum yang bermakna positif, yaitu: Mengakhiri suatu sengketa hukum; Menjaga prinsip checks and balances; dan Mendorong terjadinya proses politik. Sedangkan akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang bersifat final dan mengikat (binding) dalam makna negatif, yaitu: Tertutupnya akses upaya hukum dan terjadinya kekosongan hukum.
Pemahaman Terhadap Pemberlakuan Hukum Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Thalib Prawitra 
Published: February 2019

Hukum Islam di Indonesia telah menjadi jati diri rakyat di Indonesia, hukum Islam telah tumbuh dan berkembang sebelum Negara tersebut berdiri dan telah mengakar dalam segala aspek kehidupan masyarakatnya. Sekalipun Indonesia bukan Negara Islam hal tersebut bukanlah menjadi penghalang pemberlakuan hukum Islam di Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam hukum Islam tersebut merupakan nadi dalam setiap aspek kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Selain itu, nilai tersebut tidak jarang nilai-nilai tersebut diinterpretasikan ke dalam norma oleh para ahli hukum kontemporer. Hukum Islam di Indonesia menggunakan suatu parameter kemaslahatan mengenai perlu atau tidaknya suatu hukum dalam suatu persoalan tertentu. Sebagai tambahan, peran utamanya adalah untuk memastikan bahwa setiap hukum Islam yang dinormakan tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan nash yaitu Al-Quran dan Sunnah. Dengan mengaplikasikan hukum Islam ke dalam setiap upaya pembuatan atau pun penafsiran suatu hukum, maka dapat dipastikan hukum tersebut telah memenuhi standar untuk di aplikasikan ke dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Dengan demikian hal ini tidak dikhawatirkan hukum tersebut akan menimbulkan persoalan baru atau menimbulkan konflik norma dalam pengaplikasiannya.
Management of depression and referral of older people to psychological therapies: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Frost Rachael , Beattie Angela , Bhanu Cini , Walters Kate , Ben-Shlomo Yoav 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundDepressive symptoms are common in later life and increase both the risk of functional and cognitive decline and the use of healthcare services. Despite older people expressing preferences for talking therapies, they are less likely to be referred than younger adults, particularly when aged ≥80 years.AimTo explore how healthcare professionals (HCPs) manage older people in relation to depression and referrals to psychological therapies.Design and settingSystematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.MethodMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Social Sciences Citation Index (inception–March 2018) were searched for studies exploring HCPs’ views regarding management of late-life depression across all settings. Studies of older people’s views or depression management across all ages were excluded.ResultsIn total, 27 studies, were included; these predominantly focused on the views of GPs and primary and community care nurses. Many HCPs felt that late-life depression was mainly attributable to social isolation and functional decline, but treatments appropriate for this were limited. Clinicians perceived depression to have associated stigma for older adults, which required time to negotiate. Limited time in consultations and the complexity of needs in later life meant physical health was often prioritised over mental health, particularly in people with frailty. Good management of late-life depression appeared to depend more on the skills and interest of individual GPs and nurses than on any structured approach.ConclusionMental ill health needs to be a more-prominent concern in the care of older adults, with greater provision of psychological services tailored to later life. This may facilitate future identification and management of depression.
An Absence of Radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei in Geometrically Flat Quiescent Galaxies: Implications for Maintenance-mode Feedback Models
Authors: Barišić Ivana , Wel Arjen van der , Houdt Josha van , Maseda Michael V. , Bell Eric F. , Bezanson Rachel , Chang Yu-Yen , Röttgering Huub , Ven Glenn van de , Wu Po-Feng 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Maintenance-mode feedback from low-accretion-rate active galactic nuclei (AGNs), manifesting itself observationally through radio-loudness, is invoked in all cosmological galaxy formation models as a mechanism that prevents excessive star formation in massive galaxies (M
* ≳ 3 × 1010
M
⊙). We demonstrate that at a fixed mass the incidence of radio-loud (RL) AGNs (L > 1023 W Hz−1) identified in the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeter and NRAO Very Large Array Sky Survey radio surveys among a large sample of quiescent (non-star-forming) galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey is much higher in geometrically round galaxies than in geometrically flat, disk-like galaxies. As found previously, the RL AGN fraction increases steeply with stellar velocity dispersion σ
* and stellar mass, but even at a fixed velocity dispersion of 200–250 km s−1 this fraction increases from 0.3% for flat galaxies (projected axis ratio of q < 0.4) to 5% for round galaxies (q > 0.8). We rule out the hypothesis that this strong trend is due to projection effects in the measured velocity dispersion. The large fraction of RL AGNs in massive, round galaxies is consistent with the hypothesis that such AGNs deposit energy into their hot gaseous halos, preventing cooling and star formation. However, the absence of such AGNs in disk-like quiescent galaxies—most of which are not satellites in massive clusters, raises important questions. Is maintenance-mode feedback a generally valid explanation for quiescence? If so, how does that feedback avoid manifesting at least occasionally as an RL galaxy?
Semaphorin 4A Stabilizes Human Regulatory T Cell Phenotype via Plexin B1
Authors: Chapoval Svetlana P , Hritzo Molly , Qi Xiulan , Tamagnone Luca , Golding Amit , Keegan Achsah D 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We previously reported that neuroimmune semaphorin (Sema) 4A regulates the severity of experimental allergic asthma and increases regulatory T (Treg) cell numbers in vivo; however, the mechanisms of Sema4A action remain unknown. It was also reported that Sema4A controls murine Treg cell function and survival acting through neuropilin 1 (NRP-1) receptor. To clarify Sema4A action on human T cells, we employed T cell lines (HuT78 and HuT102), human PBMCs, and CD4+ T cells in phenotypic and functional assays. We found that HuT78 demonstrated a T effector–like phenotype (CD4+CD25lowFoxp3−), whereas HuT102 expressed a Treg-like phenotype (CD4+CD25hi Foxp3+). Neither cell line expressed NRP-1. HuT102 cells expressed Sema4A counter receptor Plexin B1, whereas HuT78 cells were Sema4A+. All human peripheral blood CD4+ T cells, including Treg cells, expressed PlexinB1 and lacked both NRP-1 and -2. However, NRP-1 and Sema4A were detected on CD3negativeCD4intermediate human monocytes. Culture of HuT cells with soluble Sema4A led to an upregulation of CD25 and Foxp3 markers on HuT102 cells. Addition of Sema4A increased the relative numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells in PBMCs and CD4+ T cells, which were NRP-1negative but PlexinB1+, suggesting the role of this receptor in Treg cell stability. The inclusion of anti-PlexinB1 blocking Ab in cultures before recombinant Sema4A addition significantly decreased Treg cell numbers as compared with cultures with recombinant Sema4A alone. Sema4A was as effective as TGF-β in inducible Treg cell induction from CD4+CD25depleted cells but did not enhance Treg cell suppressive activity in vitro. These results suggest strategies for the development of new Sema4A-based therapeutic measures to combat allergic inflammatory diseases.
Mitigation of ionospheric signatures in Swarm GPS gravity field estimation using weighting strategies
Authors: Schreiter Lucas , Arnold Daniel , Sterken Veerle , Jäggi Adrian 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Even though ESA's three-satellite low-earth orbit (LEO) mission Swarm is
primarily a magnetic field mission, it can also serve as a gravity field
mission. Located in a near-polar orbit with initial altitudes of 480 km
for Swarm A and Swarm C and 530 km for Swarm B and equipped with
geodetic-type dual frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, it is
suitable for gravity field computation. Of course, the Swarm GPS-only gravity
fields cannot compete with the gravity fields derived from the ultra-precise
Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) K-band measurements. But for
various reasons like the end of the GRACE mission in October 2017, data
gaps in the previous months due to battery aging, and the gap between GRACE
and the recently launched GRACE Follow-On mission, Swarm gravity fields
became important to maintain a continuous time series and to bridge the gap
between the two dedicated gravity missions. By comparing the gravity fields
derived from Swarm kinematic positions to the GRACE gravity fields,
systematic errors have been observed in the Swarm results, especially around
the geomagnetic equator. These errors are already visible in the kinematic
positions as spikes up to a few centimeters, from where they propagate into
the gravity field solutions. We investigate these systematic errors by analyzing the geometry-free linear
combination of the GPS carrier-phase observations and its time derivatives
using a combination of a Gaussian filter and a Savitzky–Golay filter and the
Rate of Total Electron Content (TEC) Index (ROTI). Based on this, we present
different weighting schemes and investigate their impact on the gravity field
solutions in order to assess the success of different mitigation strategies.
We will show that a combination of a derivative-based weighting approach with
a ROTI-based weighting approach is capable of reducing the geoid rms from
21.6 to 12.0 mm for a heavily affected month and that almost 10 % more
kinematic positions can be preserved compared to a derivative-based
screening.
Advanced calibration of magnetometers on spin-stabilized spacecraft based on parameter decoupling
Authors: Plaschke Ferdinand , Auster Hans-Ulrich , Fischer David , Fornaçon Karl-Heinz , Magnes Werner , Richter Ingo , Constantinescu Dragos , Narita Yasuhito 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Magnetometers are key instruments on board spacecraft that probe
the plasma environments of planets and other solar system bodies. The linear
conversion of raw magnetometer outputs to fully calibrated magnetic field
measurements requires the accurate knowledge of 12 calibration parameters:
six angles, three gain factors, and three offset values. The in-flight determination of
8 of those 12 parameters is enormously supported if the spacecraft is spin-stabilized, as an incorrect choice of those parameters will lead to
systematic spin harmonic disturbances in the calibrated data. We show that
published equations and algorithms for the determination of the
eight spin-related parameters are far from optimal, as they do not take into
account the physical behavior of science-grade magnetometers and the
influence of a varying spacecraft attitude on the in-flight calibration
process. Here, we address these issues. Based on decade-long developments
and experience in calibration activities at the Braunschweig University of
Technology, we introduce advanced calibration equations, parameters, and
algorithms. With their help, it is possible to decouple different effects on
the calibration parameters, originating from the spacecraft or the
magnetometer itself. A key point of the algorithms is the bulk determination
of parameters and associated uncertainties. The lowest uncertainties are expected
under parameter-specific conditions. By application to THEMIS-C (Time History of
Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) magnetometer
measurements, we show where these conditions are fulfilled along a highly
elliptical orbit around Earth.
Pain and factors that affect its definition as defined by preschool age children: a qualitative study
Authors: Inal Sevil , Turkmen Ayse Sonay , Canbulat Sahiner Nejla , Koroglu Alper Yusuf 
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the definitions of pain by pre-school age children and factors that affect these definitions. The study was conducted on children aged between four and six years (N=146) in the city of Karaman in Turkey. Qualitative and quantitative research design were used together in this study. This study’s qualitative tradition method was phenomenologic research.The data were assessed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The children’s definitions of pain were found to be affected by their hospital and daily life experiences. The preschool age children generally defined pain in similar ways, and everything that made children feel pain made them think about it. Sometimes their family members, hospital equipment, and health staff lead them to think about pain.
Contradições da dominação: o eu ocidental x os direitos humanos dos povos indígenas – política de desumanização e desterritorialização
Authors: Wilson Gama Raiol Raimundo , Ferrreira Bispo Andrea 
Published: February 2019

A concepção de lugar como espaço, tempo e cultura permite compreender que a visão que uma sociedade tem de si mesma constitui um lugar-mundo, cujos limites não correspondem às fronteiras de um Estado. Assim, nos conflitos entre sociedades distintas, as subordinações que se estabelecem correspondem à sobreposição de um lugar-mundo ao outro. Os processos de dominação que envolvem os povos indígenas e não-indígenas no Brasil, desde o período colonial, têm correspondido à sobreposição do lugar-mundo ocidental sobre o lugar-mundo dos povos indígenas. O objetivo deste artigo é responder a seguinte questão: como se dá essa sobreposição? Implícitas nesta pergunta há outras duas mais específicas: como essa sobreposição se justifica e quais são os seus pressupostos? Realizou-se a análise comparativa da carta do Jesuíta Manoel da Nóbrega, escrita em 1549, e do Relatório Figueiredo, elaborado em 1967, e em seguida fez-se a indicação das categorias homólogas nesses dois documentos, ambos relativos a práticas de órgãos oficiais a respeito da questão indígena. Ao final, sugeriu-se que o reconhecimento do direito de propriedade é indispensável para uma mudança de paradigma no tratamento dos temas relacionados aos povos indígenas.
Abstract
The conception of place as a space, time and culture allows to comprehend that the vision a society has of itself constitute a place-world, which its limits do not correspond to a state borders. This way, conflicts between distincts societies the subordination stablished correspond to a sobreposition from a place-world to another one. The domination processes that envolve indigenous peoples and non-indigenous people in Brazil, since colonial period, has been corresponding to a sobreposition of occidental place-world against indigenous peoples place-world. This article aims to answer the following question: How does this sobreposition happen? There are two more questions implicit in this one: How does this sobreposition justifies itself and what are its pressuposts? A comparative analysis was made of the Jesuit Manoel da Nobrega letter, written in 1549, and the Figueiredo Report, elaborated in 1969, then a category homologation in these two documents was mad to indicate it, both related to official departments regarding the indigenous issue. In the end, it was suggested that recognize the property rights is indispensable to a change in the paradigm regarding the treatment of themes related to indigenous peoples.
Reserva do plenário e a (in)segurança jurídica: análise da súmula vinculante número 10
Authors: Moraes Porto Giovane , Franzé Luís Henrique Barbante 
Published: February 2019

No intuito de minimizar a insegurança jurídica e a falta de isonomia trazida pelas decisões judiciais conflitantes sobre a mesma matéria, foi editada a Súmula Vinculante nº 10, que obriga a reserva de plenário mesmo quando o pronunciamento proferido por órgão fracionário de tribunal não reconhecer a inconstitucionalidade da norma expressamente. Mas, esta súmula perderá a sua finalidade se não houver um critério para assegurar que seja aplicada ao mesmo fato que lhe deu origem. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é buscar, na cultura da “common law”, critérios da “ratio decidendi” que gerem maior confiabilidade na aplicação da referida súmula, além de propor uma nova redação. Será usada a pesquisa doutrinária e jurisprudencial, inclusive originária da cultura da “common law”. É esperado chamar atenção dos juristas para a importância do debate sobre a necessidade de maior segurança jurídica e igualdade, notadamente, por meio da aplicação da Súmula Vinculante nº 10.
Abstract
In order to minimize legal uncertainty and the lack of equality brought about by conflicting court decisions on the same matter was issued Binding Precedent nº 10, which requires the reservation plenum even when the speech given by fractional referring court does not recognize the unconstitutionality of the norm explicitly. But, this summary will lose its purpose if there is no criteria to ensure that it is applied to the same facts that gave rise. The objective of this research is to look at the culture of "common law" criteria "ratio decidendi" that generate greater confidence in applying that precedent, as well as propose a new wording. Doctrinal and jurisprudential research, including original culture of "common law" will be used. It is expected to draw the attention of law enforcement officers to the importance of the debate on the need for greater legal certainty and equality, notably through the implementation of Binding Precedent nº 10.
COMPENSAÇÃO DE EMISSÕES DE CO2 DURANTE A 14ª SEMANA NACIONAL DE CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA NO VALE DO PARAÍBA-SP
Authors: Gallo Junior Humberto , De Castro Alcinéa Guimarães , Matsuo Patrícia Mie , Olivato Débora , De Souza Douglas Alves Reis , Trajber Rachel , Martins Getúlio , Pimentel Carolina Tosetto 
Published: February 2019

Atualmente, ações humanas intensificaram as emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE), decorrentes sobretudo, da queima de combustíveis fósseis, do desmatamento, do uso e manejo inadequado do solo. Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar o cálculo para compensação ambiental dos GEE emitidos na 14ª edição da “Semana Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (SNCT) no Vale do Paraíba, realizada nos dias 26 e 27 de outubro de 2017 em São José dos Campos-SP. O evento contou com a participação de mais de 300 estudantes de quinze escolas públicas parceiras do projeto Cemaden Educação e PROEX da UNESP/SJC. Foi realizado o cálculo das emissões de carbono por meio da ferramenta disponibilizada pelo Programa GHG Protocol – GVCES da Fundação Getúlio Vargas, conforme diretrizes do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas – IPCC/ONU. Para tanto, foram analisados os seguintes critérios: emissões diretas (combustão móvel); emissões fugitivas (equipamento de refrigeração e de incêndio); eletricidade comprada; emissões indiretas (resíduos sólidos, efluentes, consumo de água, refeições, e material de consumo e divulgação). Como resultado foi contabilizada a emissão total de 11,34 t CO2, estabelecendo-se como compensação o plantio de 72 mudas nativas do Bioma Mata Atlântica. As mudas foram produzidas e plantadas no Viveiro Florestal de Taubaté, com o envolvimento de estudantes da região e parceiros organizadores da 14ª SNCT.
DESAFIOS DA ENERGIA FOTOVOLTAICA E AÇÕES DE SUSTENTABILIDADE PARA O PROGRAMA HABITACIONAL “MINHA CASA, MINHA VIDA”
Authors: Souza Thais Morais , Ferreira Maria Emilia Martins 
Published: February 2019

O Brasil passa por uma crise no seu sistema de abastecimento energético, o que faz com que todos os setores da sociedade tenham de buscar por fontes alternativas de energia, principalmente limpas e renováveis, para suprirem as demandas atuais e futuras. Na busca de uma nova solução para o problema e com o objetivo de verificar a viabilidade do uso da energia solar fotovoltaica para o abastecimento das residências do Programa “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”, em suas faixas 2 e 3, foi realizado um estudo sobre os pontos positivos e negativos da implantação dessa modalidade de geração de energia dentro das faixas do programa. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, explicativa, com mais de 1.500 entrevistados cujo objetivo era verificar se a população possui conhecimento e incentiva as ações de sustentabilidade, energia fotovoltaica e incentivos indiretos destas ações das construtoras em seus empreendimentos imobiliários. Com base nos dados coletados, foi possível verificar que há viabilidade em se implantar nos empreendimentos a geração de energia fotovoltaica, haja visto que as construtoras pioneiras no processo terão um retorno positivo, além de seus clientes, o meio ambiente e a matriz energética brasileira. Atualmente, no país, apenas uma construtora realiza a implantação de sistema fotovoltaico e ações de sustentabilidade no programa de habitação popular “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”, desta forma, será estudado apenas esta construtora.