bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the best way to keep walking and moving around for individuals with Machado-Joseph disease? A scoping review through the lens of Aboriginal families with Machado-Joseph disease in the Top End of Australia
Authors: Carr Jennifer J , Lalara Joyce , Lalara Gayangwa , Smith Moira , Quaill Jennifer , Clough Alan R , Lowell Anne , Barker Ruth N 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesMachado-Joseph disease (MJD) is the most common spinocerebellar ataxia worldwide. Prevalence is highest in affected remote Aboriginal communities of the Top End of Australia. Aboriginal families with MJD from Groote Eylandt believe ‘staying strong on the inside and outside’ works best to keep them walking and moving around, in accordance with six key domains that form the ‘Staying Strong’ Framework. The aim of this current study was to review the literature to: (1) map the range of interventions/strategies that have been explored to promote walking and moving around (functional mobility) for individuals with MJD and; (2) align these interventions to the ‘Staying Strong’ Framework described by Aboriginal families with MJD.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesSearches were conducted in July 2018 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Cochrane Databases.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesPeer-reviewed studies that (1) included adolescents/adults with MJD, (2) explored the effects of any intervention on mobility and (3) included a measure of mobility, function and/or ataxia were included in the review.ResultsThirty studies were included. Few studies involved participants with MJD alone (12/30). Most studies explored interventions that aligned with two ‘Staying Strong’ Framework domains, ‘exercising your body’ (n=13) and ‘searching for good medicine’ (n=17). Few studies aligned with the domains having ‘something important to do’ (n=2) or ‘keeping yourself happy’ (n=2). No studies aligned with the domains ‘going country’ or ‘families helping each other’.ConclusionsEvidence for interventions to promote mobility that align with the ‘Staying Strong’ Framework were focused on staying strong on the outside (physically) with little reflection on staying strong on the inside (emotionally, mentally and spiritually). Findings suggest future research is required to investigate the benefits of lifestyle activity programmes that address both physical and psychosocial well-being for families with MJD.
Treatment of essential tremor: current status
Authors: Sharma Soumya , Pandey Sanjay 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEssential tremor is the most common cause of tremor involving upper limbs, head and voice. The first line of treatment for limb tremor is pharmacotherapy with propranolol or primidone. However, these two drugs reduce the tremor severity by only half. In medication refractory and functionally disabling tremor, alternative forms of therapy need to be considered. Botulinum toxin injections are likely efficacious for limb, voice and head tremor but are associated with side effects. Surgical interventions include deep brain stimulation; magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound and thalamotomy for unilateral and deep brain stimulation for bilateral procedures. Recent consensus classification for essential tremor has included a new subgroup, ‘Essential tremor plus’, who have associated subtle neurological ‘soft signs’, such as dystonic posturing of limbs and may require a different treatment approach. In this review, we have addressed the current management of essential tremor with regard to different anatomical locations of tremor as well as different modalities of treatment.
Life‐threatening hyperkalaemia in a five‐year‐old rottweiler undergoing bilateral elbow arthroscopy
Authors: Boustead Keagan John , Zeiler Gareth 
Published: October 2019

A five‐year‐old aggressive female spayed rottweiler presenting for bilateral elbow arthroscopy developed an acute life‐threatening hyperkalaemia intraoperatively under general anaesthesia. The dog was premedicated with a combination of ketamine (9.5 mg/kg), medetomidine (0.033 mg/kg) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg) intramuscularly. The effect of the premedication was considered moderate. Anaesthesia was induced 30 minutes later with intravenous propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and air. Profound bradycardia (heart rate falling from 95 to 33 beats per minute) occurred at 140 minutes after administering the premedication. Initially, high vagal tone was suspected and anticholinergic drugs (atropine and glycopyrrolate) were administered with minimal effect. The bradycardia was permanently corrected with epinephrine and atipamezole treatment. A definitive diagnosis of hyperkalaemia was made postoperatively on analysis of serum samples collected intraoperatively. This case report discusses the potential causes of hyperkalaemia in this case and other veterinary reports using similar drug combinations.
Gluon GPDs and exclusive photoproduction of quarkonium in forward region
Authors: Cui Z. L. , Hu M. C. , Ma J. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Forward photoproduction of $$J/\psi $$J/ψ can be used to extract generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of gluons. We analyze the process at twist-3 level and study relevant classifications of twist-3 gluon GPDs. At leading power or twist-2 level the produced $$J/\psi $$J/ψ is transversely polarized. We find that at twist-3 the produced $$J/\psi $$J/ψ is longitudinally polarized. Our study shows that in the high-energy limit the twist-3 amplitude is only suppressed by the inverse power of the heavy quark mass relatively to the twist-2 amplitude. This indicates that the power correction to the cross-section of unpolarized $$J/\psi $$J/ψ can have a sizable effect.The poles in the hard factor convoluted with twist-3 gluon GPDs may concern the GPDs discontinuities, which will be briefly discussed in this work. We have also derived the amplitude of the production of $$h_c$$hc at twist-3, but the result contains end-point singularities. The production of other quarkonia has been briefly discussed.
Evaluation of Tobacco Smoke and Diet as Sources of Exposure to Two Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines for the U.S. Population: NHANES 2013–2014
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Lanqing , Li Yao , Xia Yang , Chang Cindy M. , Xia Baoyun , Sosnoff Connie S. , Pine Brittany N. , deCastro B. Rey , Blount Benjamin C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground:Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) are a group of hazardous substances produced during combustion of tobacco or high-temperature cooking of meats. 2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC) is a major carcinogenic HAA in tobacco smoke.Methods:Urinary AαC, used as a marker of AαC exposure, was analyzed on spot urine samples from adult participants of the 2013–2014 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1,792). AαC was measured using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Exclusive combusted tobacco smokers were differentiated from nonusers of tobacco products through both self-report and serum cotinine data.Results:Among exclusive smokers, sample-weighted median urinary AαC was 40 times higher than nonusers. Sample-weighted regression models showed that urinary AαC increased significantly with serum cotinine among both exclusive tobacco users and nonusers with secondhand smoke exposure. Among nonusers, eating beef cooked at high temperature was associated with a significant increase in urinary AαC, whereas consuming vegetables was associated with decreased AαC. In addition, smoking one-half pack of cigarettes per day was associated with a significant increase of 23.6 pg AαC/mL calculated at geometric mean of AαC, controlling for potential confounders. In comparison, increase in AαC attributable to consuming the 99th percentile of beef cooked at high temperature was 0.99 pg AαC/mL.Conclusions:Both exclusive smokers and nonusers of tobacco in the general U.S. population are exposed to AαC from tobacco smoke, with additional, lesser contributions from certain dietary components.Impact:AαC is an important biomarker that is associated with tobacco smoke exposure.
High Proliferation Rate and a Compromised Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Confers Sensitivity to the MPS1 Inhibitor BOS172722 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers
Authors: Anderhub Simon J. , Mak Grace Wing-Yan , Gurden Mark D. , Faisal Amir , Drosopoulos Konstantinos , Walsh Katie , Woodward Hannah L. , Innocenti Paolo , Westwood Isaac M. , Naud Sébastien , Hayes Angela , Theofani Efthymia , Filosto Simone , Saville Harry , Burke Rosemary , van Montfort Rob L.M. , Raynaud Florence I. , Blagg Julian , Hoelder Swen , Eccles Suzanne A. , Linardopoulos Spiros 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BOS172722 (CCT289346) is a highly potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of spindle assembly checkpoint kinase MPS1. BOS172722 treatment alone induces significant sensitization to death, particularly in highly proliferative triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines with compromised spindle assembly checkpoint activity. BOS172722 synergizes with paclitaxel to induce gross chromosomal segregation defects caused by MPS1 inhibitor–mediated abrogation of the mitotic delay induced by paclitaxel treatment. In in vivo pharmacodynamic experiments, BOS172722 potently inhibits the spindle assembly checkpoint induced by paclitaxel in human tumor xenograft models of TNBC, as measured by inhibition of the phosphorylation of histone H3 and the phosphorylation of the MPS1 substrate, KNL1. This mechanistic synergy results in significant in vivo efficacy, with robust tumor regressions observed for the combination of BOS172722 and paclitaxel versus either agent alone in long-term efficacy studies in multiple human tumor xenograft TNBC models, including a patient-derived xenograft and a systemic metastasis model. The current target indication for BOS172722 is TNBC, based on their high sensitivity to MPS1 inhibition, the well-defined clinical patient population with high unmet need, and the synergy observed with paclitaxel.
Molecular Inhibitor of QSOX1 Suppresses Tumor GrowthIn Vivo
Authors: Fifield Amber L. , Hanavan Paul D. , Faigel Douglas O. , Sergienko Eduard , Bobkov Andrey , Meurice Nathalie , Petit Joachim L. , Polito Alysia , Caulfield Thomas R. , Castle Erik P. , Copland John A. , Mukhopadhyay Debabrata , Pal Krishnendu , Dutta Shamit K. , Luo Huijun , Ho Thai H. , Lake Douglas F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is an enzyme overexpressed by many different tumor types. QSOX1 catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins. Because short hairpin knockdowns (KD) of QSOX1 have been shown to suppress tumor growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo, we hypothesized that chemical compounds inhibiting QSOX1 enzymatic activity would also suppress tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. High throughput screening using a QSOX1-based enzymatic assay revealed multiple potential QSOX1 inhibitors. One of the inhibitors, known as “SBI-183,” suppresses tumor cell growth in a Matrigel-based spheroid assay and inhibits invasion in a modified Boyden chamber, but does not affect viability of nonmalignant cells. Oral administration of SBI-183 inhibits tumor growth in 2 independent human xenograft mouse models of renal cell carcinoma. We conclude that SBI-183 warrants further exploration as a useful tool for understanding QSOX1 biology and as a potential novel anticancer agent in tumors that overexpress QSOX1.
Sophoridine Inhibits Human Colorectal Cancer Progression via Targeting MAPKAPK2
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Hongwei , Shao Yingying , Wang Kailong , Yin Shuangshuang , Qiu Yuling , Wu Honghua , Liu Erwei , Wang Tao , Gao Xiumei , Yu Haiyang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Radian Sophorae flavescentis is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used to treat cancer in China. However, its active components and underlying mechanism remain ambiguous. In this study, we have screened the pharmacokinetic parameters of the main chemical constituents of Radian Sophorae flavescentis by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) Database and Analysis Platform and have found that Sophoridine is one of the best antitumor active ingredients. We have found that MAPKAPK2 is a potential target for Sophoridine by the PharmMapper and KEGG databXase analysis. Moreover, we have found that Sophoridine selectively inactivates phospho-MAPKAPK2 (Thr222) and directly binds into the ATP site of MAPKAPK2 by molecular docking. Furthermore, we have found out a direct binding between MAPKAPK2 and Sophoridine by cellular thermal shift assay and drug affinity responsive targets stability assay. The inhibition effects are further confirmed by Western blot: Sophoridine significantly decreases phospho-MAPKAPK2 (Thr222) in a time-dependent manner, but there is no obvious change in its total expression in colorectal cancer cells. Clinical studies have shown that a higher level of MAPKAPK2 is associated with a poorer percent survival rate (prognosis). Furthermore, a higher level of MAPKAPK2 is positively associated with the enrichment of downregulation of apoptosis and autophagy by gene set enrichment analysis, as well as upregulation of proliferation and cell-cycle arrest. Taken together, our results suggest that the MAPKAPK2 plays a key role in Sophoridine-inhibited growth and invasion in colorectal cancers.

Implications:
These studies show that Sophoridine may be a promising therapeutic strategy that blocks tumorigenesis in colorectal cancers.
Temozolomide plus PARP Inhibition in Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Could Patient-Derived Xenografts Accelerate Discovery of Biomarker Candidates?
Authors: Pacheco Jose M. , Byers Lauren Averett 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Summary:
Effective options are limited for patients with small-cell lung cancer who develop progressive disease during or after etoposide plus platinum-based therapy. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Farago and colleagues highlight the data for temozolomide plus olaparib in this patient population and demonstrate the potential to accelerate biomarker discovery through co-clinical trials utilizing patient-derived xenografts.
See related article by Farago et al., p. 1372.
Fitts’ Law in Tongue Movements of Repetitive Speech
Authors: Kuberski Stephan R. , Gafos Adamantios I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFitts’ law, perhaps the most celebrated law of human motor control, expresses a relation between the kinematic property of speed and the non-kinematic, task-specific property of accuracy. We aimed to assess whether speech movements obey this law using a metronome-driven speech elicitation paradigm with a systematic speech rate control. Specifically, using the paradigm of repetitive speech, we recorded via electromagnetic articulometry speech movement data in sequences of the form /CV…/ from 6 adult speakers. These sequences were spoken at 8 distinct rates ranging from extremely slow to extremely fast. Our results demonstrate, first, that the present paradigm of extensive metronome-driven manipulations satisfies the crucial prerequisites for evaluating Fitts’ law in a subset of our elicited rates. Second, we uncover for the first time in speech evidence for Fitts’ law at the faster rates and specifically beyond a participant-specific critical rate. We find no evidence for Fitts’ law at the slowest metronome rates. Finally, we discuss implications of these results for models of speech.
Benefit of Endovascular Thrombectomy by Mode of Onset
Authors: Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Aghaebrahim Amin , Jankowitz Brian T. , Haussen Diogo C. , Budzik Ronald F. , Bonafe Alain , Bhuva Parita , Yavagal Dileep R. , Hanel Ricardo A. , Hassan Ameer E. , Ribo Marc , Cognard Christophe , Sila Cathy A. , Zhang Yanchang , Smith Wade S. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Liebeskind David S. , Nogueira Raul G. , Jovin Tudor G. 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
It is unknown whether the benefit of thrombectomy in late presenting acute stroke patients with imaging evidence of clinical-infarct mismatch is different in patients presenting with wake-up stroke compared with those presenting with witnessed onset or unwitnessed onset.

Methods—
Prespecified secondary analysis was performed from DAWN (Diffusion Weighted Imaging [DWI] or Computerized Tomography Perfusion [CTP] Assessment With Clinical Mismatch in the Triage of Wake Up and Late Presenting Strokes Undergoing Neurointervention), a multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial with blinded end point assessment comparing thrombectomy with the Trevo device against standard medical therapy in patients with acute stroke and clinical-infarct mismatch presenting 6 to 24 hour after the time last seen well. For the purposes of this study, the primary outcome was the proportion of modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2 at 90 days. Univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between outcome and mode of onset.

Results—

All 206 enrolled patients were included in the study. Mode of onset was: wake-up stroke (55.3%, n=114), witnessed onset (12.1%, n=25), and unwitnessed onset (32.5%, n=67) with median time last seen well to randomization (13.4±3.7, 10.0±3.7, 14.1±4.9 hours) respectively. Rates of 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in the thrombectomy arm were not statistically different across patient onset subtypes (
P
=0.79 and
P
=0.40, respectively). The benefit of thrombectomy compared with best medical therapy was maintained across all 3 onset modes (rates of 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 in patients allocated to thrombectomy versus control: wake-up stroke—49.3% versus 10.6%, witnessed onset—63.6% versus 21.4%, UW—41.4% versus 13.2%;
P
×interaction=0.79). In univariable and multivariable analyses, mode of onset was not identified as a significant predictor of modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2 at 90 days.

Conclusions—
In patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting between 6 and 24 hours from time last seen well and harboring clinical-infarct mismatch, the benefit of thrombectomy was similar regardless of the wake-up, unwitnessed, or witnessed mode of onset.
One-Year Home-Time and Mortality After Thrombolysis Compared With Nontreated Patients in a Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Yu Amy Y.X. , Fang Jiming , Kapral Moira K. 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
Intravenous thrombolysis with r-tPA (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator) is associated with improved early functional outcome after stroke, but its long-term effects are less understood. We aimed to determine the association between r-tPA and 1-year outcomes after stroke.

Methods—

We used the Ontario Stroke Registry to identify patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke between 2002 and 2013 in Ontario, Canada, their baseline characteristics, and whether they received r-tPA. We used propensity score methods to match patients treated with r-tPA to nontreated patients. The primary outcome was 1-year home-time, defined as the number of days spent outside of any healthcare institutions in the first 365 days after the index date of admission. Secondary outcomes were admission to a nursing home and all-cause mortality in the first year. Outcomes were determined using linked administrative data. We used paired
t
tests to compare mean home-time days and Cox proportional hazards models for mortality and nursing home admission to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CI.

Results—

All 4449 patients treated with r-tPA in the registry were matched to nontreated patients. Compared with nontreated patients, those treated with r-tPA experienced more time at home in the first year (mean±SD was 248.9 days±137.2 treated versus 239.4 days±139.0 nontreated,
P
=0.005) and were less likely to be admitted to nursing homes (9.4% treated versus 12.2% nontreated; hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78–0.91). One-year all-cause mortality was similar between the 2 groups (13.2% treated versus 12.4% nontreated; hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.96–1.20).

Conclusions—
Despite similar mortality, patients who received r-tPA spent more time at home and were less likely to require nursing home admission in the first year after stroke compared with nontreated patients, suggesting long-term benefits and safety of this treatment.
Urban Domestic Water Governance in the Philippines: Paradigms and Capacities
Authors: Blanco Dennis V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper analyzes urban water governance paradigms in the Philippines using available literature and describes the various water policies with specific emphasis on the underlying main legal frameworks which relate to urban domestic water governance. It also focuses on various urban domestic water governance actors, institutions and stakeholders involved and engaged in water governance as an added dimension. Employing a synthesis integrative review and policy-capacity analysis, the paper proposes some key policy-capacity solutions in which urban domestic water governance actors and stakeholders can adopt and replicate, such as capacity-building, epistemic governance, and hydrosolidarity, as possible recommendations or ways forward in urban domestic water good governance studies. Finally, the paper recommends the need for potential review and reform of the main legal foundations, functions, and responsibilities of water institutions through the assignment and determination of jurisdictional capacities exclusively to specialized agencies within the urban domestic water governance framework.
Desmicola lamdongensis sp. n. (Oxyuridomorpha: Thelastomatidae) from Vietnamese wood-burrowing cockroaches (Panesthiinae)
Authors: SOKOLOVA ELENA A. 
Published: October 2019

A new thelastomatid species, Desmicola lamdongensis sp. n. from the hindgut of Panesthiinae cockroaches collected in Bi Doup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam is described and illustrated. Males of the new species are characterized by seven to eight modified ventrally projected cuticular annuli on the posterior third of body and the straight spicule with a pointed distal tip; females are distinguished by the presence of tiny circular protrusions on the lip surface, three setiform sensilla as interlabial formations, horseshoe-shaped amphids and smooth oval egg-shells. D. lamdongensis sp. n. differs from the rest of Desmicola species in having males with ventrally projected cuticular annuli on the posterior body third vs. semispherical ventral cuticular protuberance. Similarly to females of other species of the genus, females of D. lamdongensis sp. n. possess a seminal receptacle only on the posterior branch of the reproductive system that allows them to produce a mixture of fertilized and non-fertilized eggs among their progeny. A key to species of Desmicola based on females is given. Posterovulva danieli Spiridonov & Ivanova, 1998 is regarded as D. danieli n. comb. in accordance with the latest revision of the genus (Adamson & Van Waerebeke 1992).
Chronic maxillary atelectasis under the wrappings of an Egyptian mummy
Authors: Michailidis Georgios , Kyriazi Stavroula , Maravelia Alicia , Tourna Eleni , Couvaris Constantinos M. , Kalampoukas Kiriakos , Pantazis Ioannis , Lazaris Panagiotis , Geroulanos Stefanos , Kalogerakou Kleanthi , Bontozoglou Nikos 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: In the context of a joint Mummy Research Project of the National Archaeological Museum, the Hellenic Institute of Egyptology and the Athens Medical Centre, an Egyptian mummy of the mid-Ptolemaic Period was transferred to our hospital and was thoroughly investigated with Computed Tomography. Methods: The mummy was carefully removed from its coffin and scanned in a 64-detector row computed tomographic scanner. Multiplanar and anthropometric measurements were obtained using advanced software. Results: The mummy appeared to be well-preserved and belonged to a young male adult. Among the findings, the most interesting and uncommon one was the asymmetry of the maxillary sinuses and the orbits. There were no signs of trauma. Conclusions: Computed Tomography revealed in a non-destructive way a rare, based on the published data, facial deformity in an Egyptian mummy attributed to chronic maxillary atelectasis.