bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive consequences of variation in flowering phenology in the dry forest tree Enterolobium cyclocarpum in Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Rocha Oscar J. , Gómez Carlos , Hamrick James L. , Trapnell Dorset W. , Smouse Peter E. , Macaya Gabriel 
Published: December 2018

Premise of the StudyFlowering initiation, duration and magnitude, and degree of flowering synchrony within a population can affect the reproductive fitness of individuals. We examined the flowering phenology within a population of the tropical dry forest Guanacaste tree (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) to gauge the impact of phenological variation among trees on fruit production and progeny vigor.MethodsWe monitored the flowering phenology of 93 trees weekly during 2005, 2006, and 2007, using a scale based on the percentage of the crown with open flowers. We also monitored fruit production for each tree in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between phenological variation and progeny performance.Key ResultsTen measures of flowering phenology and synchrony among flowering trees, based on the number of weeks when anthesis of the crown exceeded 50%, were used to develop four phenological profiles. These profiles were correlated with significant differences in fruit production and progeny vigor. Trees with flowers in >50% of their crown for at least 2 weeks produced more fruits and more vigorous progeny than trees with other profiles. Trees also tended to produce the same phenological profile among years than predicted by chance.ConclusionsGuanacaste trees vary significantly in the initiation of anthesis, duration and magnitude of flowering, and degree of synchrony among trees. Trees also tend to maintain the same flowering profile among years. Finally, the flowering behavior of E. cyclocarpum leads to significant differences in fruit and seed production, germination, and early progeny growth.
The relationship between physical fitness and occupational injury in emergency responders: A systematic review
Authors: Lentz Liana , Randall Jason R. , Gross Douglas P. , Senthilselvan Ambikaipakan , Voaklander Don 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundEmergency responders have jobs with physical demands that put them at risk of musculoskeletal injuries.ObjectivesThis paper systematically reviews existing literature examining the relationship between fitness and occupational injury in this group.MethodsComprehensive electronic searches were conducted using key words relating to musculoskeletal injury, fitness, and emergency responders.ResultsEleven articles included in the review provided limited evidence for the relationship between physical fitness test scores and injury risk. There appears to be a correlation between better aerobic fitness and decreased risk of injury.ConclusionsEvidence of the relationship between aspects of physical fitness and occupational injury in emergency responders is extremely limited. More research is required to expand the knowledge in this area and to draw more definitive conclusions.
Chan‐Lam Coupling: Synthesis of N‐alkylated Derivatives of ϵ‐Caprolactams from Bicyclic Amidine DBU
Authors: Surendra Babu Gogu V. , Srinivas Keesara , Mohan Rao Mandapati , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Sai Prathima Parvathaneni 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe reactivity of bicyclic amidine 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐8‐ene (DBU) with phenyl boronic acid forming N‐alkylated derivatives represents an advanced example to the existing classical Chan‐Lam Cross Coupling of amines. The conversion of DBU to important heterocyclic scaffolds, in which DBU is acting as a nucleophile forming N‐alkylated derivatives of ϵ‐caprolactam is described. This copper‐catalyzed reaction of DBU with phenylboronic acids represents a new paradigm of Chan‐Lam amination. This type of transformation has opened up a new direction for the synthesis of 1‐(3(phenyl amino) propyl)azepan‐2‐ones directly from the diimide, DBU in a single synthetic operation. The reaction was compatible with bicyclic amidines, 1,5‐diazabicyclo‐[4.3.0]non‐5‐ene (DBN) and 1,5,7 triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD), providing a robust system to access valuable bioactive ϵ‐caprolactams.
Bioinspired Engineering of a Multivalent Aptamer‐Functionalized Nanointerface to Enhance the Capture and Release of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Song Yanling , Shi Yuanzhi , Huang Mengjiao , Wang Wei , Wang Yang , Cheng Jie , Lei Zhichao , Zhu Zhi , Yang Chaoyong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCirculating tumor cell (CTC)‐enrichment by using aptamers has a number of advantages, but the issue of compromised binding affinities and stabilities in real samples hinders its wide applications. Inspired by the high efficiency of the prey mechanism of the octopus, we engineered a deterministic lateral displacement (DLD)‐patterned microfluidic chip modified with multivalent aptamer‐functionalized nanospheres (AP‐Octopus‐Chip) to enhance capture efficiency. The multivalent aptamer–antigen binding efficiency improves 100‐fold and the capture efficiency is enhanced more than 300 % compared with a monovalent aptamer‐modified chip. Moreover, the captured cancer cells can be released through a thiol exchange reaction with up to 80 % efficiency and 96 % viability, which is fully compatible with downstream mutation detection and CTC culture. Using the chip, we were able to find CTCs in all cancer samples analyzed.
Intrinsic Correlation between Electronic Structure and Degradation: From Few‐Layer to Bulk Black Phosphorus
Authors: Kim Minju , Kim Han‐gyu , Park Soohyung , Kim Jin Sung , Choi Hyoung Joon , Im Seongil , Lee Hyunbok , Kim Taekyeong , Yi Yeonjin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) has received much attention owing to its fascinating properties, such as a high carrier mobility and tunable band gap. However, these advantages have been overshadowed by the fast degradation of BP under ambient conditions. To overcome this obstacle, the exact degradation mechanisms need to be unveiled. Herein, we analyzed two sequential degradation processes and the layer‐dependent degradation rates of BP in the dark by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) measurements and theoretical modeling. The layer‐dependent degradation was successfully interpreted by considering the oxidation model based on the Marcus–Gerischer theory (MGT). In the dark, the electron transfer rate from BP to oxygen molecules depends on the number of layers as these systems have different carrier concentrations. This work not only provides a deeper understanding of the degradation mechanism itself but also suggest new strategies for the design of stable BP‐based electronics.
Proton Relays in Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions: Origin and Limitations of the Boosting Effect
Authors: Savéant Jean‐Michel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHomogeneous catalysis of electrochemical reactions, related to contemporary energy challenges, often involves proton‐coupled electron transfer sequences. The idea rapidly emerged that installing the proton donor (for reductions, or acceptor for oxidations) inside the catalyst molecule should be beneficial in terms of efficiency, as it would then be closer to the nerve center of the process (usually the metal in the case of transition metal complex catalysts). If this proton relay has indeed done the job, it has lost its proton at the end of each catalytic loop, and must therefore be reprotonated (for reductions, or deprotonated for oxidations) from acid (or base) from the solution before a new catalytic loop can start. The impression may thus be that there is a zero‐sum game. The conditions under which this is not the case may entail, in contrast, a considerable boosting of catalysis. This will also allow explain why the proton is such a specifically appropriate agent for this task.
Biomimetic and Biocatalytic Synthesis of Bruceol
Authors: Day Aaron J. , Lee Joel H. Z. , Phan Quang D. , Lam Hiu C. , Ametovski Adam , Sumby Christopher J. , Bell Stephen G. , George Jonathan H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe first total synthesis of bruceol has been achieved using a biomimetic cascade cyclization initiated by a stereoselective Jacobsen–Katsuki epoxidation (and kinetic resolution) of racemic protobruceol‐I. A bacterial cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was also found to catalyze the conversion of protobruceol‐I into bruceol. The first full analysis of the NMR data of natural bruceol suggested that “isobruceol” was a previously unrecognized natural product also isolated from Philotheca brucei. This was confirmed by the re‐isolation, synthesis, and X‐ray analysis of isobruceol. In total, eight stereoisomers and structural isomers of bruceol have been synthesized in a highly divergent approach.
A Fluorogenic Probe for Cell Surface Phosphatidylserine Using an Intramolecular Indicator Displacement Sensing Mechanism
Authors: Zwicker Vincent E. , Oliveira Bruno L. , Yeo Jia Hao , Fraser Stuart T. , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L. , New Elizabeth J. , Jolliffe Katrina A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe detection of externalized phosphatidylserine (PS) on the cell surface is commonly used to distinguish between living, apoptotic, and necrotic cells. The tools of choice for many researchers to study apoptosis are annexin V‐fluorophore conjugates. However, the use of this 35 kDa protein is associated with several drawbacks, including temperature sensitivity, Ca2+ dependence, and slow binding kinetics. Herein, a fluorogenic probe for cell surface PS, P‐IID, is described, which operates by an intramolecular indicator displacement (IID) mechanism. An intramolecularly bound coumarin indicator is released in the presence of cell surface PS, leading to a fluorescence “turn‐on” response. P‐IID demonstrates superior performance when compared to annexin V, for both fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry. This allows P‐IID to be used in time‐lapse imaging of apoptosis using confocal laser scanning microscopy and demonstrates the utility of the IID mechanism in live cells.
Affect regulation and consumer behavior
Authors: Chen Charlene Y. , Pham Michel Tuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article provides a critical review of what is known about affect regulation in relation to consumption behavior. Based on numerous findings from psychology, communication research, and consumer research, we identify a core set of general principles of affect regulation in consumer behavior. First, we define affect regulation, clarify its relations to the concepts of coping and compensatory consumption, and refine the emerging concept of “displaced coping.” We then review the generic strategies used in the regulation of general negative affective states. Next, we synthesize evidence that distinct negative emotions are regulated by emotion‐specific strategies, and propose an overarching explanatory principle: the “part‐regulation principle.” We then review the main strategies used in the regulation of positive affective states. Finally, important contingencies in affect regulation are identified, including the asymmetric regulation of positive versus negative affective states, triggers of downward affect regulation, and key moderators of affect regulation.
Far‐Red/Near‐Infrared Emissive (1,3‐Dimethyl)barbituric Acid‐Based AIEgens for High‐Contrast Detection of Metastatic Tumors in the Lung
Authors: Gao Heqi , Bao Pingping , Dai Shuxin , Liu Ruihua , Ji Shenglu , Zeng Sheng , Shen Jing , Liu Qian , Ding Dan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite of the enthusiastic research in aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) in recent years, the ones that can be smoothly used for sophisticated biomedical applications such as in vivo bioimaging of pulmonary metastatic tumors during surgery are still limited. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a new series of far‐red/near‐infrared (FR/NIR) fluorescent AIEgens that consist of methoxy‐substituted tetraphenylethene (TPE) as the electron‐donating moiety, (1,3‐dimethyl)barbituric acid as the electron‐withdrawing moiety, and different π‐bridge units. As compared to benzene or 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene, using thiophene as the π‐conjugation unit between the donor and acceptor results in a relatively higher absolute fluorescence quantum yield (14.5 %) in water when formulating the corresponding AIEgens into nanoparticles (AIE dots) with an amphiphilic co‐polymer as the doping matrix. The highly FR/NIR‐emissive thiophene‐based AIE dots are demonstrated to be potent for intraoperative detection of pulmonary metastatic tumors, particularly the micro‐sized ones, with excellent signal‐to‐background ratio.
Museumsstück oder Verkehrsbauwerk – Aspekte zur Instandsetzung der Steinernen Brücke in Regensburg
Authors: Egermann Ralph 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDie älteste noch nutzbare Steinbogenbrücke Deutschlands ist seit 2010 behutsam instand gesetzt und im Juni 2018 wieder komplett zur Nutzung freigegeben worden. Aufbauend auf Voruntersuchungen und Musterinstandsetzungen mussten bei der Planung zum einen die baurechtlichen und verkehrspolitischen Anforderungen an eine innerstädtische Verkehrsverbindung berücksichtigt werden. Zum anderen waren bei der Bauausführung die Bau‐ und Zierelemente von der Erbauungszeit zwischen 1135 und 1146 über erste Sanierungsphasen bis hin zu Kriegszerstörungen und verkehrstechnischen Ertüchtigungen angemessen zu bewahren. Der Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die Voruntersuchungen, die Planungen und ihre Randbedingungen sowie die daraus resultierenden Instandsetzungsarbeiten an einem nach wie vor genutzten Verkehrsbauwerk, das als Bestandteil des Denkmalensembles der historischen Altstadt von Regensburg zwischenzeitlich zu den Welterbestätten der UNESCO zählt.
Der Einsatz einer fugenlosen Fahrbahnübergangskonstruktion bei der Satzengrabenbrücke
Authors: Eichwalder Bernhard , Kleiser Michael , Fritsch Michael , Veit‐Egerer Robert , Kollegger Johann 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDer Bau von integralen Brücken erfreut sich immer größer werdender Beliebtheit. Durch den Entfall der wartungsintensiven Lager und Dehnfugen können sehr langlebige und wartungsarme Tragwerke realisiert werden. Auch wenn eine Vielzahl der Tragwerke im Spannweitenbereich unter 20 m Länge liegt, werden vermehrt auch längere Brücken integral ausgeführt. Dabei gelten Brücken bis ca. 70 m Länge als unproblematisch. Bei längeren Tragwerken treten vermehrt Probleme mit der Dilatation auf. Dabei kommt es öfter zu Hebungen bzw. Setzungen hinter den Widerlagern sowie zu Belagsrissen im Fahrbahnaufbau infolge der jahreszeitlich bedingten Längenänderungen. Aufgrund dieser Schwierigkeiten wird seit einigen Jahren intensiv daran geforscht, die Problemstellen im Widerlagerbereich in den Griff zu bekommen. Am Institut für Tragkonstruktionen der TU Wien konnte in den letzten Jahren eine neue Fahrbahnübergangskonstruktion für lange integrale Brücken entwickelt und in mehreren Ländern patentiert werden. Die Konstruktion wurde in Kooperation mit der ASFINAG anhand eines Prototyps erstmals erprobt und in weiterer Folge in einem Pilotprojekt an einer der längsten integralen Brücken in Österreich mit 112 m Länge umgesetzt. Ein umfangreiches Monitoringsystem ist bei der Brücke installiert worden. Die ersten Ergebnisse zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung des realen Verhaltens mit den theoretischen Überlegungen. Nicht zuletzt durch die äußere Form stellt die Satzengrabenbrücke einen Meilenstein im integralen Brückenbau dar.
Multiple imputation approach for interval‐censored time to HIV RNA viral rebound within a mixed effects Cox model
Authors: Alarcón‐Soto Yovaninna , Langohr Klaus , Fehér Csaba , García Felipe , Gómez Guadalupe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe present a method to fit a mixed effects Cox model with interval‐censored data. Our proposal is based on a multiple imputation approach that uses the truncated Weibull distribution to replace the interval‐censored data by imputed survival times and then uses established mixed effects Cox methods for right‐censored data. Interval‐censored data were encountered in a database corresponding to a recompilation of retrospective data from eight analytical treatment interruption (ATI) studies in 158 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) suppressed individuals. The main variable of interest is the time to viral rebound, which is defined as the increase of serum viral load (VL) to detectable levels in a patient with previously undetectable VL, as a consequence of the interruption of cART. Another aspect of interest of the analysis is to consider the fact that the data come from different studies based on different grounds and that we have several assessments on the same patient. In order to handle this extra variability, we frame the problem into a mixed effects Cox model that considers a random intercept per subject as well as correlated random intercept and slope for pre‐cART VL per study. Our procedure has been implemented in R using two packages: truncdist and coxme, and can be applied to any data set that presents both interval‐censored survival times and a grouped data structure that could be treated as a random effect in a regression model. The properties of the parameter estimators obtained with our proposed method are addressed through a simulation study.
Quantitative analysis on secretion level of CDNF regulated by two key α‐helices in CDNF protein
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhong Lin , Zhao Chunling , Tang Xiaolei , Yang Jun , Gong Lei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) has been considered as potent candidates for the therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) for which can promote the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. In addition to secret out from cells like other classical neurotrophic factors (NTFs), CDNF can locate in the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), where they can function as ER stress response protein to regulate ER stress. In our previous studies, we have found two helices, α1 and α7, which can regulate the intracellular trafficking and secretion of CDNF. α1 distruction can significantly retain CDNF protein in the ER, but α7 distruction induce most CDNF protein secreting out the cells. Then α1 and α7 regulate protein trafficking and secretion in opposite side. However, the exact secretion level of CDNF affected by α1 or α7 have not been sensitively quantified. In this study, we used nanoluciferase to quantify the secretion level of CDNF protein so that we could evaluate the impact of α1 and α7 on CDNF secretion or function.
Evaluation of Operational Cycles for Long‐Term Run of a Tar Removal Catalytic System
Authors: Quitete Cristina P. B. , Ximenes Vitor L. , Steele Andrew M. , Souza Mariana M. V. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBiomass gasification experiments on pilot/demo scales have some issues related to the early deactivation of catalysts during the tar removal step. To avoid this problem, a method was developed in a bench‐scale micro activity unit using toluene as tar model compound in order to suppress this effect. The runs were performed with a commercial Pt catalyst supported on Ce‐Zr‐Al, alternating periods of regeneration and reactivation steps with steam, nitrogen, and hydrogen. The toluene steam reforming using operational cycles in order to reach a long‐term run provided useful information for pilot plant studies, mainly reactivation and regeneration procedures. The main concern on tar removal studies by steam reforming is the catalyst deactivation due to the presence of polyaromatic and olefinic compounds on the material pores, which is produced during biomass gasification.
Single and Binary Adsorption of Food Dyes on Chitosan/Activated Carbon Hydrogels
Authors: Gonçalves Janaína Oliveira , da Silva Keli Arruda , Rios Estéfani Cardillo , Crispim Marselle Martins , Dotto Guilherme Luiz , de Almeida Pinto Luiz Antonio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe removal of dye contaminants from water is an important issue and different adsorbents have been developed for this purpose. Here, chitosan hydrogel, scaffold‐chitosan hydrogel, and scaffold‐chitosan hydrogel with activated carbon were developed and used in the adsorption of food blue 2 and food red 17, from single and binary aqueous systems. The adsorbents presented good mechanical properties, high efficiency, high adsorption capacity, and fast kinetics for single and binary systems. Chitosan hydrogel presented excellent reusability capacity and can be reused for five cycles. The use of these hydrogels enables the application of adsorbent materials with three‐dimensional frameworks for dye adsorption in single or binary systems.
A novel modelling method for plate heat exchanger to predict the outlet cooling water temperature
Authors: Guo Yuming , Wang Fuli , Jia Mingxing , Niu Dapeng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a modelling method for a plate heat exchanger (PHE) is proposed to predict the outlet cooling water temperature. First, the mechanistic model of PHE is developed based on the theory of heat and mass transfer. The unknown parameters in the model are identified by solving an optimization model with the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method. Then, to improve the output precision, a data‐driven model based on the kernel partial least squares (KPLS) algorithm is developed and added to the mechanistic model in parallel to compensate the deviations between the mechanistic model outputs and the real values of outlet cooling water temperature. With the PHE running, its performance deteriorates due to the aging of the device, fouling on the plates, and other unknown factors. Therefore, a performance assessment for the model is performed, and the model updating is carried out according to the assessment results. Finally, the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed modelling method are validated by application to the PHE in a circulating cooling water system. The established model lays an important foundation for the energy‐saving optimization of the circulating cooling water system.
The effects of urbanization and land use on ragweed distribution
Authors: Urbanowicz Christine , Hutyra Lucy R. , Stinson Kristina A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQuantifying the spatial distribution of allergenic plants within landscapes could help target management efforts and predict human exposure to allergens at a scale relevant to human activity. We analyzed the combined effects of urbanization (proxied by surrounding impervious surface area) and land use on the distribution of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Asteraceae), a major contributor to hay fever and asthma through its production of allergenic pollen. Along urban‐to‐rural transects in three regions of the northeastern United States, we recorded the presence of ragweed in 308 plots with different land uses: agriculture, developed, and forest. We also analyzed the effects of plot‐level soil moisture, soil carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio, and canopy cover on ragweed occurrence. Ragweed varied among land uses, but the effect of land use depended on the level of urbanization. The probability of ragweed occurrence was highest in urban forests, rural developed areas, and agricultural areas. Plot‐level abiotic variables were not related to ragweed occurrence. Our results suggest that ragweed distributions are influenced to a greater extent by landscape‐scale processes, such as propagule pressure and disturbance, than by macro‐environmental effects of urbanization. From a human health perspective, our results suggest that ragweed pollen levels vary within and between urban and non‐urban landscapes, which current pollen monitoring and forecasting efforts do not capture.