bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Transpiration and Calcium Fertilization on Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Seedlings
Authors: Akmal Ajmir , Santosa Edi , Poerwanto Roedhy , Yunus Ismadi , Handayani Rd. Selvy 
Published: December 2018

The availability of nutrients in plants depends on the ability of plants to absorb nutrients from the soil. One of the processes absorbed by plants is by the presence of the transpiration process. Good transpiration will provide enough nutrients for plants which increase the productivity and quality of mangosteen. One of the quality standards of mangosteen fruit for export quality is the free from yellow sap contamination. It can be possible that transpiration can improve the quality of mangosteen fruit by applying fertilization. In this study Ca fertilization was carried out on mangosteen seeds, where this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Ca uptake by mangosteen plants with the level of water loss by transpiration. This research was conducted in November 2016-March 2017 at the Leuwikopo Experimental Garden, Bogor Agricultural University. Morphological observations were carried out in its Experimental Garden and the Postharvest Laboratory whileanalysis of calcium content of plant tissue was done at the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University. Data obtained then were analyzed using ANOVA test. If the results were significant, Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was then tested at 0.05 probability level. The results revealed that the transpiration rate of mangosteen plants from several treatments showed a significant difference, the transpiration rate was higher, especially in fertilized plants. The size of the 12th leaf, plants treated with fertilizer have a larger size than the treatment without fertilization. Fertilizing and providing enough water can maintain the growth of the plants.
Characterization of Pamelo Leaves (Citrus maxima (Burm) Merr) Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Yunus Ismadi , Putri Intan Yatima , Hafifah Hafifah 
Published: December 2018

Pamelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr) is one type of orange that is prospectively cultivated in Indonesia. Pamelo in Indonesia is very diverse, as the skin of the fruit is green to red, some are with seed and seedless. Pamelo plants have diverse leaves, both in shape, size, lamina and thickness. The various leaf shapes between plants which show below the genetic resources of pamelo plants are numerous and varied. Information about pamelo aceh plants, especially about the character of leaves is still very limited. This information can be used to determine the characteristics of pamelo aceh so that later it will be very useful in classifying and grouping plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the character of the Pamelo Giri Matang leaf in Aceh, Indonesia. The study aims to see the level of diversity of pamelo in the village of Pante Lhong. The study was conducted in the village of Pante Lhong, Peusangan District, Bireuen, District, Aceh, Indonesia and at the Laboratory of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Malikussaleh, from September to November 2017. The sample plants used were 15, aged between 10 and 25 years. The research was conducted using descriptive method with sampling by purposive sampling method. Observations were carried out quantitatively and qualitatively based on Descriptors for Citrus (PGRI). The results showed that Pamelo Giri Matang Aceh Indonesia was an evergreen plant with an intensity of green to dark leaf color. The average leaf lamina has a length of 14.62 cm and a width of 7.04 cm with an average area of 59.74 cm2. The most commonly found leaf wings are obovate.
Musculoskeletal Screening to Identify Female Collegiate Rowers at Risk for Low Back Pain
Authors: Gonzalez Sophia L. , Diaz Aimee M. , Plummer Hillary A. , Michener Lori A. 
Published: December 2018

Context
Rowers are at risk for overuse injuries, including low back pain (LBP). Defining the utility of screening tests for identifying those at risk for LBP can aid in the development of guidelines for injury prevention.

Objective
To determine if the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and impairments can identify rowers at risk for developing LBP.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
Athletic training room.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 31 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, female, open-weight rowers (age = 19.9 ± 1.4 years, height = 163.6 ± 30.8 cm, mass = 84.1 ± 37.63 kg); coxswains were excluded.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We assessed the FMS and 5 impairment measures of the Star Excursion Balance Test, closed kinetic chain dorsiflexion range of motion, and the plank, Sorensen, and sit-and-reach tests before the fall season. Low back pain injuries were tracked by the sports medicine staff. Impairment measures were compared between the injured and uninjured athletes. The FMS cutoff score that discriminated injured from uninjured rowers was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Impairments were compared between those at a higher versus lower risk of LBP.

Results
Eighteen rowers sustained an LBP injury. No differences in FMS or impairments between groups were demonstrated. The FMS receiver operating characteristic curve analysis cutoff score was 16 points (area under the curve = 0.60, specificity = 0.67, risk ratio = 1.4 [95% confidence interval = 0.91, 2.11]). Rowers with an FMS score ≤16 had a shorter plank-test time (109.5 ± 60.2 seconds) than those with less risk (175.3 ± 98.6 seconds, mean difference = 65.9 seconds, 95% confidence interval = −129.4, −2.3; P = .043).

Conclusions
Those with an FMS score ≤16 had a shorter plank-test hold time, indicating that a lack of core endurance may contribute to the increased risk of LBP in female rowers. An FMS score ≤16 indicated a small increased risk (1.4) of developing LBP compared with rowers who had scores &gt;16; however, the FMS is not recommended for widespread screening of female rowers because the risk ratio was relatively small and had a wide 95% confidence interval.
Sensitivity of the current Antarctic surface mass balance to sea surface conditions using MAR
Authors: Kittel Christoph , Amory Charles , Agosta Cécile , Delhasse Alison , Doutreloup Sébastien , Huot Pierre-Vincent , Wyard Coraline , Fichefet Thierry , Fettweis Xavier 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Estimates for the recent period and projections of the Antarctic surface mass
balance (SMB) often rely on high-resolution polar-oriented regional climate
models (RCMs). However, RCMs require large-scale boundary forcing fields
prescribed by reanalyses or general circulation models (GCMs). Since the
recent variability of sea surface conditions (SSCs, namely sea ice
concentration, SIC, and sea surface temperature, SST) over the Southern Ocean
is not reproduced by most GCMs from the 5th phase of the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), RCMs are then subject to potential biases.
We investigate here the direct sensitivity of the Antarctic SMB to SSC
perturbations around the Antarctic. With the RCM “Modèle Atmosphérique
Régional” (MAR), different sensitivity experiments are performed over
1979–2015 by modifying the ERA-Interim SSCs with (i) homogeneous
perturbations and (ii) mean anomalies estimated from all CMIP5 models and two
extreme ones, while atmospheric lateral boundary conditions remained
unchanged. Results show increased (decreased) precipitation due to
perturbations inducing warmer, i.e. higher SST and lower SIC (colder,
i.e. lower SST and higher SIC), SSCs than ERA-Interim, significantly
affecting the SMB of coastal areas, as precipitation is mainly related to
cyclones that do not penetrate far into the continent. At the continental
scale, significant SMB anomalies (i.e greater than the interannual
variability) are found for the largest combined SST/SIC perturbations. This
is notably due to moisture anomalies above the ocean, reaching sufficiently
high atmospheric levels to influence accumulation rates further inland.
Sensitivity experiments with warmer SSCs based on the CMIP5 biases reveal
integrated SMB anomalies (+5 % to +13 %) over the present climate
(1979–2015) in the lower range of the SMB increase projected for the end of
the 21st century.
Genèse de l’Histoire du Canada (1845-1852)*
Authors: Groulx1 Patrice 
Published: December 2018

Cet article remet en question l’idée que l’historien François-Xavier Garneau « apparaît tout armé, à la première provocation », comme l’a écrit un auteur. En réalité, contrairement à l’image que ses biographes ont laissée de lui, Garneau s’était remarquablement bien préparé à produire la première Histoire du Canada digne de ce titre, de 1845 à 1852. Auto-formé à l’école du romantisme européen, interagissant avec les érudits qui reconstituent la mémoire nationale autour de lui, désireux de rendre confiance à ses compatriotes démoralisés par l’Union de 1841, Garneau produit une connaissance en phase avec l’historiographie de son temps.
Dual læringsmodell i trafikklærerutdanningen
Authors: Kristoffersen Anders 
Published: December 2018

Trafikklærerstudentene følger en læringsmodell der de er to dager ute i praksis og tre dager på universitetet gjennom hele studiet. I denne artikkelen retter jeg oppmerksomheten mot trafikklærerstudentenes læringsutbytte gjennom denne læringsmodellen. Jeg observerte studentenes undervisning i bil og klasserom og gjennomførte fokusgruppeintervjuer av studenter og praksisveiledere i to ulike semestre, for å finne ut hvilke sider av læringsmodellen som bidro til å gjøre studentene godt forberedt til yrket, og hvilke sider som ga større utfordringer enn ønsket. Meningsinnholdet i kyndighetsbegrepet sto sentralt i undersøkelsen (Inglar, 2015)
Problemstillingen er: På hvilken måte kan en læringsmodell som i hovedsak har lik fordeling mellom læring i klasserommet og læring på arbeidsplassen framskaffe trafikklærere som er godt forberedt på yrkeslivet?
Undersøkelsen viste blant annet at når studentene fikk undervise reelle kjøreelever ved reelle trafikkskoler, fikk de et godt innblikk i hverdagen til yrkesutøverne, samtidig som de fikk god undervisningserfaring med kjøreelever med ulike forutsetninger, og erfaring med mange ulike trafikale utfordringer. På den annen side sto ofte den økonomiske faktor i veien for en tett og god oppfølging av studentene, fordi praksisveilederne i en del tilfeller var mer fokusert på å gjennomføre egne undervisningstimer framfor å følge opp studentene. Mange små enheter medførte i tillegg noen ulikheter i kvaliteten på oppfølgingen av studentene, og avstanden mellom teori- og praksisfeltet kunne også være en utfordring.
Hensikten med undersøkelsen var å rette oppmerksomheten mot utfordrende faktorer ved vår duale læringsmodell. Dette vil deretter legge grunnlaget for videre utvikling av trafikklærerstudiet i den hensikt å gjøre kvaliteten på studiet enda bedre.
Nøkkelord: Trafikklærerutdanning, arbeidsplassbasert læring, effektiv tilegnelse av undervisningskompetanse, effektiv tilegnelse av kjøreferdigheter for elever, erfaring fra det virkelige liv
Comparative cranial morphology of the Late Cretaceous protostegid sea turtleDesmatochelys lowii
Authors: Raselli Irena 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe phylogenetic placement of Cretaceous marine turtles, especially Protostegidae, is still under debate among paleontologists. Whereas protostegids were traditionally thought to be situated within the clade of recent marine turtles (Chelonioidea), some recent morphological and molecular studies suggest placement along the stem of Cryptodira. The main reason why the evolution of marine turtles is still poorly understood, is in part due to a lack of insights into the cranial anatomy of protostegids. However, a general availability of high-quality fossil material, combined with modern analysis techniques, such as X-ray microtomography, provide ample opportunity to improve this situation. The scope of this study is to help resolve its phylogenetic relationships by providing a detailed description of the external and internal cranial morphology of the extinct protostegid sea turtleDesmatochelys lowiiWilliston, 1894.Material and MethodsThis study is based on the well-preserved holotype ofDesmatochelys lowiifrom the Late Cretaceous (middle Cenomanian to early Turonian) Greenhorn Limestone of Jefferson County, Nebraska. The skulls of two recent marine turtles,Eretmochelys imbricata(Linnaeus, 1766) (Cheloniidae) andDermochelys coriaceaLydekker, 1889 (Dermochelyidae), as well as the snapping turtleChelydra serpentina(Linnaeus, 1758) (Chelydridae) provide a comparative basis. All skulls were scanned using regular or micro CT scanners and the scans were then processed with the software program Amira to create 3D isosurface models. In total, 81 bones are virtually isolated, figured, and described, including the nature of their contacts. The novel bone contact data is compiled and utilized in a preliminary phenetic study. In addition, an update phylogenetic analysis is conduced that utilizes newly obtained anatomical insights.ResultsThe detailed examination of the morphology of the herein used specimens allowed to explore some features of the skull, to refine the scoring ofDesmatochelys lowiiin the recent global matrix of turtles, and develop five new characters. The alleged pineal foramen in the type skull ofDesmatochelys lowiiis shown to be the result of damage. Instead, it appears that the pineal gland only approached the skull surface, as it is inDermochelys coriacea. Whereas the parasphenoid in confirmed to be absent in hard-shelled sea turtles, ist possible presence inDesmatochelys lowiiis unclear. The results of the phenetic study show thatDesmatochelys lowiiis least similar to the other examined taxa in regards to the nature of its bone contacts, and therefore suggests a placement outside Americhelydia for this protostegid sea turtle. The phylogenetic study results in a placement of Protostegidae along the stem of Chelonioidea, which is a novel position for the group.
Hydrophilicity and Water Contact Angle on Methylammonium Lead Iodide
Authors: Caddeo Claudia , Marongiu Daniela , Meloni Simone , Filippetti Alessio , Quochi Francesco , Saba Michele , Mattoni Alessandro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSurface properties are often assessed with measurements of the contact angle of a water drop. The process is however flawed for the very important class of hybrid perovskite materials, extensively employed in solar cells and optoelectronics research, because they are water soluble and their surface degrades during contact angle measurements. While hybrid perovskites are considered to be highly hydrophilic, a contact angle with water of 83° can be measured, as if they were almost hydrophobic. By combining experiments and simulations, the actual value is explained as the result of the interaction of water with degraded superficial layers that form over sub‐millisecond time scale at the water/perovskite interface. The models are validated against contact angle measurements for water on a variety of substrates, and are referenced to with the Young–Dupré relation between liquid–solid adhesion and contact angle. Present work reconciles the hydrophilic nature of methylammonium lead iodide with the apparent hydrophobic behavior in contact angle measurements, proposing a methodology for the study of contact angle on evolving substrates.
Persistent self‐reported ear and hearing problems among World Trade Center‐exposed firefighters and emergency medical service workers, 2001‐2017—A longitudinal cohort analysis
Authors: Colbeth Hilary L. , Zeig‐Owens Rachel , Liu Yang , Webber Mayris P. , Schwartz Theresa M. , Hall Charles B. , Prezant David J. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to estimate the impact of exposure to the World Trade Center (WTC) site on annual and persistent rates of otalgia and hearing impairment among Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) Firefighters and Emergency Medical Service Workers (EMS).MethodsResponders completed routine physical health questionnaires at monitoring visits. We used logistic and marginal logistic regression models to explore the association between otalgia and hearing impairment and WTC arrival time.ResultsThe highest‐exposed group had greater odds of persistent ear symptoms (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.11‐1.59) compared with the least‐exposed; the odds of persistent hearing problems between the groups were not significantly different. We found consistent WTC‐exposure gradients when the average population odds of these outcomes were assessed each year.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that the odds of long‐term ear symptoms were significantly associated with the intensity of WTC exposure.
High Thermal Conductivity in Boron Arsenide: From Prediction to Reality
Authors: Tian Fei , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractModern first‐principles calculations predict that the thermal conductivity of boron arsenide is second only to that of diamond, the best thermal conductor, which may be of benefit for waste heat management in electronic devices. With the optimization of single‐crystal growth methods, large‐size and high‐quality boron arsenide single crystals have been grown and thermal conductivity measurements have verified the related predictions. Benefiting from the increased size and improved qualities, additional properties have been characterized. Important factors related to boron arsenide, remaining challenges, and the future outlook are addressed in this minireview.
Cationic Pb2 Dumbbells Stabilized in the Highly Covalent Lead Nitridosilicate Pb2Si5N8
Authors: Bielec Philipp , Nelson Ryky , Stoffel Ralf P. , Eisenburger Lucien , Günther Daniel , Henß Ann‐Kathrin , Wright Jonathan P. , Oeckler Oliver , Dronskowski Richard , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDue to the weak oxidative force of N2, nitrides are only typically formed with the less electronegative metals. Meeting this challenge, we here present Pb2Si5N8, the first nitridosilicate containing highly electron‐affine cations of a metal from the right side of the Zintl border. By using advanced synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, the crystal structure was determined from a tiny single crystal of 1×3×3 μm3 in size, revealing a significantly different bonding situation compared to all other nitridosilicates known so far. Indeed, DFT calculations confirm distinct amounts of covalency not only between Pb and N but also between formal Pb2+ cations. Thus, unprecedented cationic Pb2 dumbbells with a stretching vibration at 117 cm−1 were found in Pb2Si5N8, the first representative of a crystallographically elucidated lead nitride, stabilized by high amounts of covalency.
A Water‐Soluble, NIR‐Absorbing Quaterrylenediimide Chromophore for Photoacoustic Imaging and Efficient Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Shaobo , Li Jianhao , Wei Jie , Müllen Klaus , Yin Meizhen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrecision phototheranostics, including photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, requires stable photothermal agents. Developing such agents with high stability and high photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we introduce a new photothermal agent based on water‐soluble quaterrylenediimide (QDI) that can self‐assemble into nanoparticles (QDI‐NPs) in aqueous solution. Incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the QDI core significantly enhances both physiological stability and biocompatibility of QDI‐NPs. The highly photostable QDI‐NPs offer advantages including intense absorption in the near‐infrared (NIR) and high PTCE of up to 64.7±4 %. This is higher than that of commercial indocyanine green (ICG). Their small size (ca. 10 nm) enables sustained retention in deep tumor sites and also proper clearance from the body. QDI‐NPs allow high‐resolution photoacoustic imaging and efficient 808 nm laser‐triggered photothermal therapy of cancer in vivo.
Entkernung – Erwartungen und Befürchtungen zur Zukunft der Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Authors: Hentschel Klaus 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLoss of the Inner Core: Expectations and Fears for the Future of the History of Science. In this paper, I discuss the current state of history of science in Germany, a combination of strong interest in the field from various neighboring fields (including cultural history, media history, history of art, visual studies) and increasing fragmentation. Powerful institutions such as the Max Planck Institute for History of Science rather encourage this tendency to lose the inner core of the field, a kind of fluidization or vaporization.
„Remembering the 60s“. Für eine Medienwissenschaftsgeschichte des Wunschdenkens
Authors: Dotzler Bernhard J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract“Remembering the 60s”. On Media Science Studies of Wishful Thinking. “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”, Philip K. Dick asked in 1968. Half a century later, Werner Herzog echoed this question with his documentary on Reveries of the Connected World. The article outlines some of the conclusions for the history of science that can be drawn from this shift from androids to the Internet.
Citizen Science im Kaiserreich. Die Systemstelle „Wertlose Einsendungen aus der Bevölkerung“ im Archiv der Berlin‐Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Authors: Krajewski Markus 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCitizen Science in the Empire. The System Place “Wertlose Einsendungen aus der Bevölkerung” (Worthless Entries from the Population) in the Archives of the Berlin‐Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Between 1871 and 1946, the Berlin‐Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities maintained a special collection in its archives, which, under the simple name “Entries from the Population”, kept correspondences, projects and proposals, for which a negative expert opinion was issued after thorough examination. The collection offers surprising insights into the pathologies and fantasies of mostly pseudo‐scientific researchers, inventors and discoverers, while at the same time revealing a glimpse of the topics of this epoch that moved the history of science. Using a selection of examples, this essay examines the economic cycles and archive practices of a largely forgotten source of what is now called Citizen Science.
Philosophie braucht Wissenschaftsgeschichte braucht Philosophiegeschichte
Authors: Karafyllis Nicole C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhilosophy needs History of Science needs History of Philosophy. The purpose of this essay is to identify why history of science and philosophy of science have lost their former alliance. Reasons include, among others, structural elements in funding, e.g. a run‐down version of interdisciplinarity that encourages philosophy and history to work with the sciences rather than with each other. Moreover, the disciplinary assemblage in terms of cultural studies (German: Kulturwissenschaften) has eroded the continental concept of ‘Geisteswissenschaft’ to which history and philosophy traditionally belong. In consequence, both disciplines face a loss of knowledge in historical terminologies and related inquiries. Above all, these matter for shaping and understanding concepts and ideas; not last for the conceptualization of history and philosophy of science themselves.
Wissenschaftsgeschichte heute
Authors: Rheinberger Hans‐Jörg 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHistory of Science Today. The paper argues for a theoretically demanding history of science along three lines. (1) History of science requires a permanent reflection on the concept of history. (2) It demands an epistemological reflection on the historically changing forms of knowledge. (3) An intimate knowledge of scientific practice is necessary, be it more theoretically or more practically oriented. These competences can be brought together in a multitude of ways, but they need to complement each other.