bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-biofilm and anti-glucosyltransferase effects of nano liposomal plant extracts against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Radmand Faraz , Baseri Milad , Memar Mohammad Yousef , Ebrahimi Alireza , Hamishehkar Hamed , Asnaashari Solmaz , Naseri Amirreza , Kouhsoltani Maryam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe role of Streptococcus mutans in the initiation of caries is related to its acidogenicity, aciduricity, and polysaccharides extracellular layer production by glucosyltransferases in dental biofilms. Therefore, inhibition of glucosyltransferase activity impairs the virulence of cariogenic biofilms, which can be used to prevent dental caries. We evaluated the anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-glucosyltransferases effects of nanoliposomal herbal aqueous extracts of Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra; G. glabra), Ginger (Zingiber officinale; Z. officinale), Pomegranate (Punica granatum; P. granatum), and Rose (Rosa damascene; R. damascene) via minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum inhibitory concentration against Streptococcus mutans strain ATCC 35,668. An anti-biofilm assay was performed using a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration test. Among herbs, only P. granatum showed an antibacterial effect. Therefore, a nanoliposomal formulation of P. granatum was developed and characterized. Its effect on S.mutans glucosyltransferases was assessed by measuring glucan amount. The nanoliposomal formulation of P.granatum showed a significantly higher anti-biofilm effect than P. granatum aqueous extract. Their similar potential in blocking glucosyltransferases showed that the nanoliposomal formulation of P.granatum blocked other pathways rather than blocking glucosyltransferases for its anti-biofilm effect. Collectively, the nanoliposomal formulation of P.granatum, due to its anti- Streptococcus mutans characteristics, would be a production which open a new horizon for the oral pharmaceutical industry.
Deep‐GB: A novel deep learning model for globular protein prediction using CNN‐BiLSTM architecture and enhanced PSSM with trisection strategy
Authors: Zouari Sonia , Ali Farman , Masmoudi Atef , Ghazalah Sarah Abu , Alghamdi Wajdi , Kateb Faris A. , Ibrahim Nouf 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlobular proteins (GPs) play vital roles in a wide range of biological processes, encompassing enzymatic catalysis and immune responses. Enzymes, among these globular proteins, facilitate biochemical reactions, while others, such as haemoglobin, contribute to essential physiological functions such as oxygen transport. Given the importance of these considerations, accurately identifying Globular proteins is essential. To address the need for precise GP identification, this research introduces an innovative approach that employs a hybrid‐based deep learning model called Deep‐GP. We generated two datasets based on primary sequences and developed a novel feature descriptor called, Consensus Sequence‐based Trisection‐Position Specific Scoring Matrix (CST‐PSSM). The model training phase involved the application of deep learning techniques, including the bidirectional long short‐term memory network (BiLSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and convolutional neural network (CNN). The BiLSTM and CNN were hybridised for ensemble learning. The CST‐PSSM‐based ensemble model achieved the most accurate predictive outcomes, outperforming other competitive predictors across both training and testing datasets. This demonstrates the potential of harnessing deep learning for precise GB prediction as a robust tool to expedite research, streamline drug discovery, and unveil novel therapeutic targets.
West Iranian in historical perspective
Authors: Paul Ludwig 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The development of the Persian definitive object marker -rā from Old Persian
rādī through Middle Persian benefactive rāy has been established as a model
grammaticalization process by Bossong (1985). His explanations on other modern Iranian
languages, and their interplay in the historical development, have received far less research attention. This article offers a
novel and comprehensive account of the historical development of -rā in West Iranian, from Old Persian up to
approximately 20 New Iranian languages. Based on the semantic map model, it demonstrates that concerning -rā,
most West Iranian languages can be subdivided into three typological groups, two of which represent more or less clearly defined
genetic subgroups within the continuum of West Iranian. The interplay of genetic and typological/functional factors is complex,
and open questions remain. The present study aims to provide empirical data, and to raise relevant questions, for future in-depth
studies.
Comparative analysis of electronic and thermoelectric properties of strained and unstrained IrX3 (X = P, As) skutterudite materials
Authors: Mahi F , Meghoufel Z F , Mostefa Z , Kara I , Boukra A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The electronic and thermoelectric properties of unfilled IrP3 and IrAs3 skutterudite materials under hydrostatic pressures are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) combined with semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. Calculations of the elastic properties and phonon frequencies for both strained and unstrained materials demonstrate that they are mechanically and dynamically stable, with ductility varying depending on the applied pressure. For pressures ranging from 0 to 30 GPa, band structure calculations using the GGA+TB-mBJ approximation reveal that the band gap varies from 0.400 to 0.144 eV for IrP3 and from 0.341 to 0.515 eV for IrAs3. At 0 GPa, IrAs3 exhibits a direct band gap, whereas IrP3 has an indirect band gap. As pressure increases, IrAs3 undergoes a transition from a direct to an indirect band gap above 10 GPa, whereas IrP3 maintains its indirect band gap throughout the pressure range. Thermoelectric properties, including the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity (both electronic and lattice contributions), and relaxation time, are also computed across various pressures and temperatures ranging from 300 to 1200 K. The ideal conditions for efficient thermoelectric performence in IrAs3 are achieved at 30 GPa and 1200 K, with an optimal n-type doping concentration of 56 × 1019 cm−3, resulting in a ZT of 0.68. For IrP3, a ZT of approximately 0.46 is obtained at 600 K and 5 GPa, with a p-type doping concentration of 6.0 × 1018 cm−3. The present study provides valuable insights into the behavior of skutterudite materials under strain, offering potential pathways for enhancing their performance in practical applications.
Closed-form expressions for magnetic polarizabilities of circular apertures excited by nonuniform magnetic fields
Authors: Du Zhanpeng , Mei Jiahua , Li Tianxi , Yu Fan , Liu Haidong , Huang He , Zhang Tilu , Jiao Chongqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The problem of electromagnetic penetration through an aperture in a perfectly electrically conducting plane is a classical problem in electromagnetic theory and applications. This work aims to investigate the behavior of an electrically small aperture when excited by nonuniform magnetic fields. Based on the Taylor expansion of the exact solution in integral form of the corresponding mixed boundary problem, we derive the equivalent magnetic dipole moment of a circular aperture. Closed-form expressions of dipole moments are derived. Also, for the special case of axisymmetric excitation where the dipole moment vanishes, we develop a quadrupole model to describe the aperture behavior. The effectiveness of the obtained expressions is verified by comparisons with accurate analytical solutions in special cases and the exact solutions in integral form.
Impact of cut-off frequency effect on resonance energy transfer and Casimir–Polder interaction
Authors: Chinh Nguyen Dung , Pham Vinh N T , Vy Nguyen Duy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using the Green’s function approach, we investigate the resonance energy transfer (RET) rate between two parallel, identical two-level atoms in the presence of three types of cylindrical system: a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), a perfectly reflecting wall (PRW), and a two-layer silicon fiber. Our analysis, incorporating the cut-off frequency condition, reveals significant suppression of the RET rate for atoms positioned along the axis of the cylinder with the PRW. In contrast, for atoms located within the DBR, the RET rate is enhanced in the far zone. Additionally, we find that for atoms oriented radially are placed inside or near the surface of the silicon fiber, the RET rate is entirely inhibited. We also investigate the Casimir–Polder (CP) interaction between a cut-off-frequency DBR and an excited atom, discovering a fully attractive potential towards the surface for the atom within the waveguide.
Computational study of narrow bandgap double halide perovskites Rb2TlRhX6 (X=Cl, Br, I) for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Ramay Shahid M , Haq Anwar ul , Amin Muhammad , Aslam Usma , Mushtaq Tahir , Hanif Athar , Yaseen Muhammad , Siddig Abubaker Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
First-principles density functional theory (DFT) was applied to study the structure, mechanical, and optoelectronic properties of a double halide perovskite Rb2TlRhX6 (X=Cl, Br, I) in the cubic Fm

3

̅

m space group 225. The stability of such perovskite alloys is established by evaluating the stability metrics with formation energy. The ductile nature of these materials suggests they are ideal candidates for flexible optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Most of the halide perovskites display higher values of optical band gaps, however, the proposed Rb2TlRhX6 (X=Cl, Br, I) compounds in the present communication reveal direct narrow bandgap values 1.56 eV, 1.44 eV, 1.32 eV for Cl, Br and I halides respectively by applying TB-mBJ potential. The strong optical absorption, excellent conductivity, and poor reflectivity as disclosed by the investigated materials have great potential for optoelectronic applications. The study successfully computed the Spectroscopic Limited Maximum Efficiency (SLME) for the investigated materials. Utilizing the values of direct bandgap and theoretical absorption coefficients, yielding efficiency values of Rb2TlRhCl6, Rb2TlRhBr6, and Rb2TlRhI6 as 29.42%, 28.53%, and 29.91% respectively at 26 °C. The present research demonstrates that the SLME model is a promising and effective approach to calculating PCEs and providing useful insights into the field of photovoltaic research.
Solution combustion synthesis for rare earth nano metal oxides using D-glycine as fuel: morphological and optical studies
Authors: Maheta Dhara , Madhukar B S , Tanna Ashish R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Three different nano rate earth oxides, i.e. CeO2, La2O3, and ThO2 have been prepared through solution combustion synthesis method using Cerous Nitrate Hexahydrate, Lanthanum Hexahydrate, and Thorium Nitrate as an oxidizer, respectively and glycine as a fuel. The synthesized nano powder was characterized by powder diffraction (PXRD), FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectrum (UV–vis DRS), and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). CeO2, La2O3, and ThO2 possess Cubic, Hexagonal and Cubic phases respectively. Morphological results showed the stable and sponge-like surface of each specimen. The optical band gap of CeO2, La2O3, and ThO2 obtained from Tauc Plots ranges 3.10 eV, 4.84 eV and 5.76 eV which shows interesting behavior and hence six Refractive Indices modeling has been applied to optimize the parameter to utilize these rare earth metal oxides in the solar reflector system using appropriate matrix.
SolarDesign: An online photovoltaic device simulation and design platform
Authors: Sha 沙 Wei E. I. 威 , Wang 王 Xiaoyu 啸宇 , Chen 陈 Wenchao 文超 , Fu 付 Yuhao 钰豪 , Zhang 张 Lijun 立军 , Tian 田 Liang 亮 , Lin 林 Minshen 敏慎 , Jiao 焦 Shudi 书迪 , Xu 徐 Ting 婷 , Sun 孙 Tiange 天歌 , Liu 刘 Dongxue 冬雪 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
SolarDesign (https://solardesign.cn/) is an online photovoltaic device simulation and design platform that provides engineering modeling analysis for crystalline silicon solar cells, as well as emerging high-efficiency solar cells such as organic, perovskite, and tandem cells. The platform offers user-updatable libraries of basic photovoltaic materials and devices, device-level multi-physics simulations involving optical–electrical–thermal interactions, and circuit-level compact model simulations based on detailed balance theory. Employing internationally advanced numerical methods, the platform accurately, rapidly, and efficiently solves optical absorption, electrical transport, and compact circuit models. It achieves multi-level photovoltaic simulation technology from “materials to devices to circuits” with fully independent intellectual property rights. Compared to commercial softwares, the platform achieves high accuracy and improves speed by more than an order of magnitude. Additionally, it can simulate unique electrical transport processes in emerging solar cells, such as quantum tunneling, exciton dissociation, and ion migration.
Hybrid poly(lactide-co-glycolide) membranes incorporated with Doxycycline-loaded copper-based metal–organic nanosheets as antibacterial platforms
Authors: Mujtaba Ayse Gunyakti , Topuz Berna , Karakeçili Ayşe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance necessitates innovative strategies to combat persistent infections. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention as antibiotic carriers due to their high drug loading capacity and structural adaptability. In particular, 2D MOF nanosheets are emerging as a notable alternative to their traditional 3D relatives due to their remarkable advantages in enhanced surface area, flexibility and exposed active region properties. Herein, we synthesized 2D copper 1,4-benzendicarboxylate (CuBDC) nanosheets and utilized them as a carrier and controlled release system for Doxycycline (Doxy@CuBDC), for the first time. The Doxy@CuBDC nanosheets were subsequently incorporated into Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun membranes (Doxy@CuBDC/PLGA). The resultant bioactive fibrous membranes exhibited double-barrier controlled release properties, extending the Doxy release up to ∼9 d at pH 7.4 and 5.5. Significant inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were observed. The morphological analyses revealed the deformed bacterial cell structures on Doxy@CuBDC/PLGA membranes that indicates potent bactericidal activity. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the non-toxic nature of the fabricated membranes, underscoring their potential use for biomedical applications. Overall, the hybrid antibacterial PLGA membranes present a promising strategy for combating microbial infections while maintaining biocompatibility and offer a versatile approach for biomedical material design and surface coatings (e.g. wound dressings, implants).
Population exposure to flooding in Small Island Developing States under climate change
Authors: Archer Leanne , Neal Jeffrey , Bates Paul , Lord Natalie , Hawker Laurence , Collings Tom , Quinn Niall , Sear David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Estimates of current and future population exposure to both coastal and inland flooding do not exist consistently in all Small Island Developing States (SIDS), despite these being some of the places most at risk to climate change. This has primarily been due to a lack of suitable or complete data. In this paper, we utilise a ∼30 m global hydrodynamic flood model to estimate population exposure to coastal and inland flood hazard in all SIDS under present day, as well as under low, intermediate, and very high emissions climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Our analysis shows that present day population exposure to flooding in SIDS is high (19.5% total population: 100 year flood hazard), varies widely depending on the location (3%–66%), and increases under all three climate scenarios—even if global temperatures remain below 2 °C warming (range in percentage change between present day and SSP1-2.6: −4.5%–44%). We find that levels of flood hazard and population exposure are not strongly linked, and that indirect measures of exposure in common vulnerability or risk indicators do not adequately capture the complex drivers of flood hazard and population exposure in SIDS. The most exposed places under the lowest climate change scenario (SSP1-2.6) continue to be the most exposed under the highest climate change scenario (SSP5-8.5), meaning investment in adaptation in these locations is likely robust to climate scenario uncertainty.
Industrial Policy, National Security, and the Perilous Plight of the WTO
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The WTO is going through an unprecedented crisis that has seriously eroded its relevance. The repeated invocations of national security against other members are evidence of a growing distrust. Industrial policy in the name of national security was unheard of when the WTO entered the realm of international relations. The disputes that arise cannot be adequately addressed because the WTO contract cannot be adequately enforced due to the dysfunctional Appellate Body. But even if this were not the case, could enforcement of an outdated contract ever solve the emerging problem? The response in this book is negative—the WTO contract is in dire need of updating. Alas, no one is working in this direction. The WTO is facing what Joseph Nye called a “Kindleberger trap”: the parties that could take the lead to invest in the international order are either unwilling or find it impossible to do so. Trading nations seem to have forgotten that the cost of no WTO is sizeable anyway (if trade growth wanes). And there is a risk that the cost extends beyond international commercial relations.
Industrial Policy and National Security in WTO Law and Practice
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rush to measures described in the previous chapter raises the question of whether we observe lawful behavior or lawlessness. The legal benchmark to decide this issue is WTO law, as all semiconductor producers are WTO members. The WTO regulation of subsidies is quite outdated and, to some extent, baseless in economic theory as well. The subsidies agreement lumps all subsidies into the same basket. There is no agreement at all on export licensing. The national security clause is equally outdated, and furthermore, questions are legitimately raised regarding its justiciability. Case law has not helped either.
The WTO Kindleberger-Trap
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While what to do is straightforward, how to do it is quite demanding. The WTO is facing a Kindleberger trap. The entity that can rally the troops (the US) does not want to do so largely because a discussion regarding trade liberalization and the reinforcement of the role of the WTO is not a winner in US domestic politics. Overwhelmingly, US voters associate trade openness with trade deficits vis-à-vis China. On the other hand, the entity that would like to rally the troops (China) does not have the requisite soft power to provide the impetus. To reverse the current situation, only imaginative solutions can help. The European Union could emerge as the inspirational middle power. If it manages to work effectively with the G20 (a very generous assumption) then there is a glimpse of hope that the current situation could be reversed.
A Digression on Cutting Cakes and Marking Sticks
Authors: Schumer Peter D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A variety of physically concrete problems involving fractions are presented. Various strategies for the fair division of a cake among a group of people is discussed and developed starting with three people and then extending to any number. Next, we tackle the problem of determining the probability that two marks on a stick are found on the same piece once the stick is broken into k pieces of random length. Also analyzed is the problem of whether a triangle can be formed when a stick is randomly broken into three smaller pieces. A fair division among two friends of a triangular pizza is also discussed. Finally, a classic problem involving cutting a bar of gold to pay a prescribed number of days’ wages is discussed and generalized.
Egyptian Fractions
Authors: Schumer Peter D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The ancient Egyptian numeral system is explained, and a few relevant hieroglyphs are introduced so that the reader can write any integer from 1 up into the millions hieroglyphically. Egyptian fractions were written as a sum of unit fractions (with the number 1 in each numerator). It is shown that every fraction can be written as a finite sum of distinct unit fractions. Several ancient problems from the Rhind papyrus (c.1650 bce) are solved making use of Egyptian fractions. Next, there is an interesting variant of how close to 1 a sum of unit fractions can get with a limited number of terms. Last, a brief discussion of an equation reminiscent of Fermat’s Last Theorem is given.
Mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics in Alzheimer’s induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons
Authors: MacMullen Courtney , Sharma Neelam , Davis Ronald L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, but the scope and severity of these specific deficits across forms of Alzheimer’s disease are not well characterized. We designed a high-throughput longitudinal phenotypic assay to track mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics in glutamatergic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human neurons possessing mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2) and the amyloid beta precursor protein (APP).
Each gene set was composed of iPSC-derived neurons from an Alzheimer’s disease patient in addition to two to three engineered mutations with appropriate isogenic and age-matched controls. These iPSC-derived neurons were imaged every other day, beginning at 10 days in vitro, to assess how mitochondrial length and content change over a 10 day time course using a mitochondrially targeted reporter. A second cytosolic reporter allowed for visualization of neurites. Bioenergetics assays, focusing on mitochondrial respiration and individual electron transport chain complexes, were also surveyed over this time course.
Mutations in all three genes altered mitochondrial function measured by basal, ATP-linked and maximal oxygen consumption rates and by spare respiratory capacity, with PSEN1/PSEN2 alleles being more severe than APP mutations. Electron flow through Complexes I–IV was decreased in PSEN1/PSEN2 mutations but, in contrast, APP alleles had only modest impairments of complexes I and II. We measured aspects of mitochondrial dynamics, including fragmentation and neurite degeneration, both of which were dramatic in PSEN1/PSEN2 alleles, but essentially absent in APP alleles. The marked differences in mitochondrial pathology might occur from the distinct ways in which amyloids are processed into amyloid beta peptides and might be correlated with the disease severity.