bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of the Fatty Acids and Aroma Compounds in Selected Iranian Nut Oils
Authors: Kesen Songul , Amanpour Armin , Selli Serkan 
Published: July 2018

The aroma and fatty acid compositions of selected Iranian nut oils including bitter almond, sweet almond, walnut, and hazelnut oils are analyzed. The volatile compounds are extracted using purge and trap extraction and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In total, 21, 24, 25, and 37 aroma compounds are detected in extracts of bitter almond, sweet almond, walnut, and hazelnut oils, respectively. A total of 54 different volatile compounds composed of aldehydes, alcohols, terpenes, carboxylic acids, pyrazines, ketones, furans, and lactones are identified and quantified. Among them, aldehydes present the highest quantity of the overall volatiles in all samples, followed by terpenes in bitter and sweet almond oils, alcohols in walnut oil, and carboxylic acids in hazelnut oil. In addition to aroma compounds, a total of 15 fatty acids are identified and quantified in all oils. Among them, oleic acid in bitter almond, sweet almond, and hazelnut oils, while linoleic acid in walnut oils show the highest concentration. In addition, oleic acid is more dominant in hazelnut oil (80.48%) than the others. The findings of principal component analysis (PCA) exhibits that oils are discriminately different from each other according to fatty acids and aroma profiles.Practical Applications: Nut oil is one of the most widely consumed oils in Iran. The outcomes of this first investigation provide valuable information for understanding the aroma differences between oils of four well‐known Iranian nuts. The purge and trap extraction set for separation followed by analysis and identification of those compounds by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry is an effective practical application tool for volatile description in valuable and expensive oil samples. It is observed that the aroma profiles of four samples are quite different than each other.This research provides valuable information to understand the fatty acids and aroma profile of the four well‐known Iranian nut oils (walnut, hazelnut, bitter and sweet almond oils). Based on the results, sweet and bitter almond oils can be described with relatively similar flavor characteristics due to terpene and aldehyde groups, but hazelnut and walnut oils have different aroma profiles depending on other chemical groups. It can be said that walnut oil is associated with alcohols and furans, while hazelnut nuts oil with acids, lactones, pyrazines, and ketones.
Pore system characterization of Cambrian‐Ordovician carbonates using a new mercury porosimetry‐based petrofacies classification system: application to carbon sequestration reservoirs
Authors: Medina Cristian R. , Mastalerz Maria , Rupp John A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo better understand injection and post‐injection flow processes and the entrapment of supercritical CO2 during geological carbon sequestration in a carbonate reservoir, the pore system was analyzed in 66 Cambrian‐Ordovician carbonate samples from several locations in the midwestern USA. This work employed standard microphotography from thin sections, helium porosimetry for porosity and permeability, and mercury injection capillary pressure analysis, aiming to understand which elements of the pore system dominantly control the overall flow and CO2 storage potential in the subsurface. In particular, mercury injection capillary pressure analysis has been fundamental in understanding several petrophysical properties of rocks, including porosity, permeability, and the pore‐size distribution of the samples under study. This work analyzes mercury injection capillary pressure data and proposes a petrophysical subdivision of the samples into four petrofacies, based on values of porosity, permeability, and capillary entry pressure. This system aims to predict the portions of the studied carbonate sequence that are more likely to have a higher potential for injectivity and storage, and to better understand how porosity, permeability, capillary entry pressure, and pore size all play a role in ensuring both buoyant and capillary trapping mechanisms to secure the injected supercritical CO2.Results from this investigation suggest that in these Cambrian‐Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, pore size inversely correlates with capillary entry pressure, and that permeability does not always have a direct relationship with pore size but rather relates to the overall interconnectivity of the complex pore system. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling individual health care expenditures in China: Evidence to assist payment reform in public insurance
Authors: Shi Julie , Yao Yi , Liu Gordon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReforming the payment system of public health insurance from fee‐for‐service to more efficient alternative schemes has become an urgent policy issue in developing countries. Using a large sample of administrative data drawn from China, we examine a variety of econometric models for predicting the medical expenditures of individuals. We show that the standard ordinary least squares model performs relatively well compared with other models. We then propose two alternative payment schemes on risk‐adjusted capitation. The first is a prospective capitation model and the second incorporates both prospective and retrospective features. We simulate the corresponding payments based on model predictions and evaluate the payment/cost ratios for health care providers. The results show that the prospective capitation method generates smaller financial fluctuation, suggesting that policymakers may prefer this method to achieve a smooth transition.
Global factors and equity market valuations: Do country characteristics matter?
Authors: Ma Jun , Vivian Andrew , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between equity market valuations (dividend‐price ratio) using a dynamic factor model. The factor model decomposes each country's market valuation into a global, region‐specific, and country‐specific component. We find that the amount of variation explained by the factors is related to economic development indicators. Specifically, the valuations in the most developed (emerging) countries are primarily driven by the global (local) component of valuation ratios.
European trading volumes on cross‐market holidays
Authors: Batrinca Bogdan , Hesse Christian W. , Treleaven Philip C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere is anecdotal evidence of reduced trading volume in equity markets when other external markets are not trading. This phenomenon can be called the “cross‐market holiday effect,” and this study investigates it in detail, providing evidence for the existence of a strong cross‐market holiday effect in the pan‐European equity markets. The analysis provides an in‐depth examination of other aspects like lagged volumes, market capitalization, or multistep ahead modelling. The trading volumes on dates when there is at least one cross‐market holiday are on average 8.5% lower than the volumes of the previous period. There are salient effects when the holiday takes place in a dominant market or when most of the European markets are shut. We test whether the lower trading activity on Monday cross‐market holidays is a consequence of the weekend effect or whether the Monday bank holidays push down the Monday trading volume. We report a significantly lower volume associated with the Monday bank holidays, and we argue that the weekend effect has an insignificant impact on the Monday volumes where there is at least one regional cross‐market holiday.
Synthesis, crystal structure and biological evaluation of spectroscopic characterization of Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes with N‐salicyloil‐N′‐maleoil‐hydrazine as anticholinergic and antidiabetic agents
Authors: Gondolova Gulnar , Taslimi Parham , Medjidov Ajdar , Farzaliyev Vagif , Sujayev Afsun , Huseynova Mansura , Şahin Onur , Yalçın Bahattin , Turkan Fikret , Gulçin İlhami 
Published: July 2018

Abstract[Ni(C11H9N2O5)2(H2O)2]•3(C3H7NO) (1) and [Co(C11H9N2O5)2(H2O)2]•3(C3H7NO) (2) are synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectra, magnetic susceptibility, and thermal analysis. In addition, the crystal structure of Ni(II) complex is presented. Both complexes show distorted octahedral geometry. In 1 and 2, metal ions are coordinated by two oxygen atoms of salicylic residue and two nitrogen atoms of maleic amide residue from two ligands, and two oxygen atoms from two water molecules. In this paper, both compounds showed excellent inhibitory effects against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I, and II, α‐glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Compounds 1 and 2 had Ki values of 18.36 ± 4.38 and 26.61 ± 7.54 nM against hCA I and 13.81 ± 3.02 and 29.56 ± 6.52 nM against hCA II, respectively. On the other hand, their Ki values were found to be 487.45 ± 54.18 and 453.81 ± 118.61 nM against AChE and 199.21 ± 50.35 and 409.41 ± 6.86 nM against BChE, respectively.
Gingival thickness assessment at the mandibular incisors with four methods: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kloukos D. , Koukos G. , Doulis I. , Sculean A. , Stavropoulos A. , Katsaros C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to determine accuracy, precision and repeatability of four different methods for assessing gingival thicknessMethodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated gingival thickness on 200 consecutively included orthodontic patients. Gingival thickness was assessed at both central mandibular incisors with: 1) transgingival probing with a standard periodontal probe, 2) transgingival probing with a stainless‐steel acupuncture needle, 3) ultrasound, and 4) a color‐coded periodontal probe. Intra‐examiner reproducibility and method error were also evaluated.ResultsTransgingival measurements with the standard periodontal probe were found to be more accurate than those with the acupuncture needle, after method error assessment. Acupuncture needle and ultrasound device yielded higher values than the probe. Expected differences between the two methods were 22% more for the mandibular left central incisor (95% confidence interval (CI) = 11% to 32%) and 26% more (95% CI = 13% to 39%) for the mandibular right central incisor when measured with the needle. Ultrasound measurements exceeded probe measurements on average by 0.16 mm at mandibular left central incisor (95% CI = 0.14 to 0.18) and by 0.11 mm for mandibular right central incisor (95% CI = 0.08 to 0.13). Intraclass correlation coefficient concluded good agreement for the color‐coded periodontal probe (0.624).ConclusionsWithin the inherent limit of the uncertainty about the true value of gingival thickness, the present results demonstrate the differences between the tested methods, as far as accuracy and reproducibility are concerned. Based on the reproducibility, the transgingival probing with the periodontal probe as well as the ultrasound determination, seem to present an adequate choice for every day practice.
A new multi‐proxy investigation of Late Quaternary palaeoenvironments along the north‐western Barents Sea (Storfjorden Trough Mouth Fan)
Authors: Melis Romana , Carbonara Katia , Villa Giuliana , Morigi Caterina , Bárcena María A. , Giorgetti Giovanna , Caburlotto Andrea , Rebesco Michele , Lucchi Renata G. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTA new integrated micropalaeontological study on planktonic and benthic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils and diatoms was performed on three sediment cores from the Storfjorden Trough Mouth Fan to reconstruct the Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental and climatic history. Two main intervals were discussed: the last deglaciation (16.2–11.7 ka BP) and the Holocene. The age model relies on palaeomagnetic parameters together with 10 radiocarbon dates. Deglacial sediments had largely diluted the biogenic content which was scarce and poorly preserved. The first occurrence of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (benthic foraminifer), together with Turborotalita quinqueloba (planktonic foraminifer) and Coscinodiscus spp. (diatoms) at 11.3 ka BP followed the end of the Younger Dryas cold event and marked the beginning of the early Holocene warm period. Diatoms and planktonic foraminifers indicated a warming of the surface water from 10.5 to 9.2 ka BP, identifying the Holocene Thermal Maximum event. Bottom water fauna registered these warming conditions less clearly. Cooling events were identified during the Holocene, in particular the 8.2 ka BP event and the Neoglacial between 3.2 and 2 ka BP, as shown by the presence of cold‐water taxa such as Gephyrocapsa muellerae (nannoplankton) and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (planktonic foraminifer). These events were influenced by sea ice extent, cold or relatively warm current influxes.
Evaluation of Noncommercial Ultrasound Gels for Use in Resource‐Limited Settings
Authors: Vinograd Alexandra M. , Fasina Abiola , Dean Anthony J. , Shofer Frances , Panebianco Nova L. , Lewiss Resa E. , Gupta Saurabh , Rao A. K. Raja , Henwood Patricia C. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesUltrasound (US) is increasingly used in settings where commercial US gel is unavailable. This study evaluated noncommercial gel recipes compared to commercial gel.MethodsA search for US gel formulations revealed 6 recipes. Half‐strength commercial gel and a modified glucomannan recipe were also tested. Nine gels, including commercial gel, were tested in Liberia and the United States. In each session, 2 physician sonologists evaluated 9 gels on 2 models, obtaining videos from the hepatorenal space with a curvilinear transducer, the cardiac parasternal long view with a phased array transducer, and the left basilic vein with a linear transducer. The sonologists and models, who were blinded to gel identity, made independent quantitative and qualitative gel evaluations comparing the test gel to commercial gel. Two physician sonologists who were blinded to the gel identities and a US operator reviewed the images and rated their quality. An analysis of variance in repeated measures was performed to test for differences in the overall score, real‐time quality, and other characteristics. Post hoc pairwise comparisons to commercial gel were performed with a Tukey‐Kramer adjustment. Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability was calculated for the image review.ResultsCommercial gel earned a perfect score. Compared to commercial gel, xanthine gum gel scored highest, followed by half‐strength commercial gel. Hot concentrated glucomannan and cold glucomannan gel were found to be significantly worse than commercial gel. No significant difference was found between images based on the gel used on the image review.ConclusionsNo significant difference in image quality was found between commercial and noncommercial gels on US image review.
Maximality of linear continuous logic
Authors: Malekghasemi Mahya , Bagheri Seyed‐Mohammad 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe linear compactness theorem is a variant of the compactness theorem holding for linear formulas. We show that the linear fragment of continuous logic is maximal with respect to the linear compactness theorem and the linear elementary chain property. We also characterize linear formulas as those preserved by the ultramean construction.
Viral video ads: Emotional triggers and social media virality
Authors: Nikolinakou Angeliki , King Karen Whitehill 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have found that emotional arousal and emotional valence are important for video ads to be shared. As marketers are exploring new strategies to increase their viral effectiveness in social media, there is a need to provide guidelines on how to elicit emotional engagement that can trigger advertising virality. Drawing on recent findings on the effects of discrete positive emotions, this research examines how specific positive emotions may influence viral sharing. An online experiment was conducted with millennial participants, employing real viral video ads, in order to observe the viral effects of two positive emotions, awe and affection. Awe and affection emotions experienced in relation to online ads may prompt viral sharing by activating specific types of sharing expressions that relate to expressing emotional connection and emotional generosity in social media. Managerial implications for applying positive emotions as triggers to the content of video ads in order to elicit virality in social media are included.
Secondary Structure‐Driven Hydrogelation Using Foldable Telechelic Polymer–Peptide Conjugates
Authors: Otter Ronja , Henke Nina Alexandra , Berac Christian , Bauer Tobias , Barz Matthias , Seiffert Sebastian , Besenius Pol 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of ABA and ABA′ triblock polyethylene glycol‐and polysarcosine‐peptide conjugates is reported. The A/A′ peptides are based on phenylalanine(F)‐histidine(H) pentapeptide sequences FHFHF, which promote pH‐switchable β‐sheet self‐assembly into nanorods in water. Only parallel β‐sheet‐driven folding and intermolecular assembly using ABA triblock polymer–peptide conjugates leads to interstrand cross‐linking and hydrogelation, highlighting the impact of supramolecular interactions‐directed structure formation at the nano‐ and mesoscopic level.
Comparison of MRI‐derived vs. traditional estimations of fatty acid composition from MR spectroscopy signals
Authors: Nemeth Angeline , Segrestin Bérénice , Leporq Benjamin , Coum Amandine , Gambarota Giulio , Seyssel Kevin , Laville Martine , Beuf Olivier , Ratiney Hélène 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionThe composition of fatty acids in the body is gaining increasing interest, and can be followed up noninvasively by quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). However, current MRS quantification methods have been shown to provide different quantitative results in terms of lipid signals, with possible varying outcomes for a given biological examination. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging using multigradient echo sequence (MGE‐MRI) has recently been added to MRS approaches. In contrast, these methods fit the undersampled magnetic resonance temporal signal with a simplified model function (expressing the triglyceride [TG] spectrum with only three TG parameters), specific implementations and prior knowledge. In this study, an adaptation of an MGE‐MRI method to MRS lipid quantification is proposed.MethodsSeveral versions of the method – with time data fully or undersampled, including or excluding the spectral peak T2 knowledge in the fitting – were compared theoretically and on Monte Carlo studies with a time‐domain, peak‐fitting approach. Robustness, repeatability and accuracy were also inspected on in vitro oil acquisitions and test–retest in vivo subcutaneous adipose tissue acquisitions, adding results from the reference LCModel method.ResultsOn simulations, the proposed method provided TG parameter estimates with the smallest variability, but with a possible bias, which was mitigated by fitting on undersampled data and considering peak T2 values. For in vitro measurements, estimates for all approaches were correlated with theoretical values and the best concordance was found for the usual MRS method (LCModel and peak fitting). Limited in vivo test–retest variability was found (4.1% for PUFAindx, 0.6% for MUFAindx and 3.6% for SFAindx), as for LCModel (7.6% for PUFAindx, 7.8% for MUFAindx and 3.0% for SFAindx).ConclusionThis study shows that fitting the three TG parameters directly on MRS data is one valuable solution to circumvent the poor conditioning of the MRS quantification problem.
Study of the Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Oxime Ethers by using a Super Base
Authors: Kosmalski Tomasz , Studzińska Renata , Daniszewska Natalia , Ullrich Małgorzata , Sikora Adam , Marszałł Michał , Modzelewska‐Banachiewicz Bożena 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, we present a convenient method for the synthesis of oxime ethers by reacting oximes with various chlorides (alkyl, functionalized alkyl, and benzyl) and with the subsequent use of a super base—pulverized potassium hydroxide in DMSO. The reactions take place at room temperature and the products are obtained in high yields. The final products were received within 2 min to 3 h. In addition, the compounds do not require chromatographic separation. The structure elucidation of the titled compounds was performed by using 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. The presented method of synthesis for oxime ethers is environmentally friendly, because neither water cooling or heating of the reaction mixture/solvents (necessary for chromatographic purification) is required. The synthesis can be carried out very easily on a large scale.
FGFR3 mutation increases bladder tumourigenesis by suppressing acute inflammation
Authors: Foth Mona , Ismail Nur Faezah Binti , Kung Jeng Sum Charmaine , Tomlinson Darren , Knowles Margaret A , Eriksson Pontus , Sjödahl Gottfrid , Salmond Jonathan M , Sansom Owen J , Iwata Tomoko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent studies of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer show that FGFR3 mutations are generally found in a luminal papillary tumour subtype that is characterised by better survival than other molecular subtypes. To better understand the role of FGFR3 in invasive bladder cancer, we examined the process of tumour development induced by the tobacco carcinogen OH‐BBN in genetically engineered models that express mutationally activated FGFR3 S249C or FGFR3 K644E in the urothelium. Both occurrence and progression of OH‐BBN‐driven tumours were increased in the presence of an S249C mutation compared to wild‐type control mice. Interestingly, at an early tumour initiation stage, the acute inflammatory response in OH‐BBN‐treated bladders was suppressed in the presence of an S249C mutation. However, at later stages of tumour progression, increased inflammation was observed in S249C tumours, long after the carcinogen administration had ceased. Early‐phase neutrophil depletion using an anti‐Ly6G monoclonal antibody resulted in an increased neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio at later stages of pathogenesis, indicative of enhanced tumour pathogenesis, which supports the hypothesis that suppression of acute inflammation could play a causative role. Statistical analyses of correlation showed that while initial bladder phenotypes in morphology and inflammation were FGFR3‐dependent, increased levels of inflammation were associated with tumour progression at the later stage. This study provides a novel insight into the tumour‐promoting effect of FGFR3 mutations via regulation of inflammation at the pre‐tumour stage in the bladder. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.