bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipopolysaccharide responsiveness of malignant lymphoid cells in a patient with hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Tatsumi E , Domae N , Takiuchi Y , Sawada H , Shirakawa S , Uchino H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The malignant cells in a patient with hairy cell leukemia responded most evidently to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in in vitro culture for 3 1/2 days when the conventional tritiated thymidine uptake method was used. Since the malignant cells from patients with several other forms of leukemia and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals did not show a comparable degree of responsiveness to LPS, we could exclude the possibility that this response was due to effects on contaminating normal mononuclear cells or to the nonspecific conditioning effect through LPS-affected contaminating normal monocytes. Morphological changes were observed with photo- and electronmicroscopy. It is likely that the hairy cells from the patient did respond to LPS, and whether or not this phenomenon may be confined to this type of lymphoid leukemia is not being investigated.
Neutrophil kinetics in chronic neutropenia
Authors: Price TH , Lee MY , Dale DC , Finch CA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quantitative studies of bone marrow neutrophil pool sizes and production rates and of blood neutrophil kinetics were performed in 16 patients with chronic neutropenia without splenomegaly. Marrow netrophil cellularity was determined from a ferrokinetic estimate of marrow normoblasts and from neutrophil-erythroid ratios determined from marrow sections. Postmitotic pool turnover was derived from the postmitotic pool size and transit time, the latter determined from 3H- thymidine neutrophil emergence time. Blood neutrophil kinetics were studied with 32P-diisopropylfluoophosphate-labeled autologous neutrophils. Mitotic pool size was basal or below basal in 12 of the 16 patients. The turnover of the post-mitotic neutrophils was subbasal in 6, basal in 7, and above basal in 3 patients. Blood neutrophil turnover was within the normal range in 8 patients and decreased in 8. The degree of ineffective granulocytopoiesis was assessed by comparing the relative size of the mitotic pool, postmitotic pool turnover, and blood turnover. On this basis, 13 of the 16 patients showed appreciable degrees of ineffective granulocytopoiesis. Ineffective neutrophil production occurred both early and late in neutrophil development. These studies indicate that most patients with chronic neutropenia without splenomegaly lack a proliferative marrow response to the neutropenia and suggest that ineffective granulocytopoiesis is a common feature of this disorder.
Selective absence of large forms of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in acquired von Willebrand's syndrome. Response to transfusion
Authors: Meyer D , Frommel D , Larrieu MJ , Zimmerman TS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A previously healthy elderly man with mucocutaneous bleeding was found to have a benign monoclonal IgG gammapathy associated with criteria for severe von Willebrand disease (Factor VIII procoagulant activity, Factor-VIII-related antigen, and ristocetin cofactor activity, less than 10% of normal). Associated qualitative abnormalities of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor were demonstrated by radiocrossed immunoelectrophoresis and immunoradiometric assay. The late clinical onset and negative family history are in favor of an acquired form of vWD. The monoclonal gammapathy and abnormalities of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor have been stable over a 10-yr period. No inhibitor to Factor VIII procoagulant activity, ristocetin cofactor activity, or Factor-VIII-related antigen could be demonstrated. Following transfusion of cryoprecipitate (with a normal cross immunoelectrophoretic pattern), there was a rapid removal of the large forms of Factor.-VIII-related antigen, paralleled by a decay of ristocetin cofactor activity. The transfusion study of this patient with acquired von Willebrand disease type II (variant of von Willebrand disease) serves to emphasize the relationship between polydispersity of Factor VIII/von Willebrand Factor and functional heterogeneity.
The effect of aggregation and release on platelet prothrombin- converting activity
Authors: Cox AC , Inyangetor P , Esmon CT , White BN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelets provide a procoagulant activity for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during normal hemostatis. This activity designated as platelet prothrombin-converting activity (PPCA) was monitored as rate of thrombin production in a two-stage assay using gel- filtered bovine platelets, factor Xa, and prothrombin. Expression of PPCA was not associated with ADP-induced release or platelet shape change but was associated with aggregation. Release of the contents of dense bodies, measured by release of 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine, was not required for expression of PPCA during platelet aggregation. During the PPCA assay, 5-hydroxytrypamine was released, but only after onset of thrombin production. Furthermore, the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine was retarded during the assay by the addition of 2 mM theophylline and 100 nM prostaglandin E1 without a comparable reduction in PPCA. In addition, 125I-factor-Xa was bound in greater amounts to platelets (aspirin-treated) after ADP-induced aggregation (without detectable release) than to unactivated control platelets. Finally, the PPCA of the ADP-activated platelets was saturated with respect to factors Xa and Va at less than 1 nM concentrations, indicating that the aggregation induced by ADP leads to the exposure of specific procoagulant sites by some process other than dense body secretion.
Leukopheresis therapy of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (hairy cell leukemia)
Authors: Fay JW , Moore JO , Logue GL , Huang AT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Intensive leukopheresis has been valuable in the short-term palliation of chronic lymphocytic and granulocytic leukemias. A 47-yr-old man with refractory leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (hairy cell leukemia) manifested by anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated peripheral leukemia cell counts, generalized lymph node enlargement, and leukemic infiltrative skin disease was treated with serial leukopheresis. Removal of approximately 7 X 10(11) peripheral leukemia cells resulted in marked clinical and hematologic improvement with resolution of enlarged lymph nodes and clearing of skin infiltrates. At the time of this reporting, more than 400 wk since the last leukopheresis, the patient continues to do well. The improvement in all blood counts, reduction in lymph node size, and clearing of skin lesions paralleled the reduction of peripheral leukemia cell load by leukopheresis, suggesting mobilization of leukemia cells from marrow, lymph nodes, and skin. Removal of large numbers of leukemia cells in hairy cell leukemia has the potential of achieving sustained clinical improvement and may be a useful alternative therapy for these patients.
Prolonged hematopoiesis in a primate bone marrow culture system: characteristics of stem cell production and the hematopoietic microenvironment
Authors: Moore MA , Sheridan AP , Allen TD , Dexter TM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Maintenance of myelopoiesis and pluripotential stem cell production for prolonged periods in vitro hitherto has been limited to mouse bone marrow culture. In an effort to adapt the system for use in higher species, particularly in human and non-human primates, studies were undertaken using the prosimian species, Tupaia glis (tree shrew). In a number of experiments the duration of sustained normal hematopoiesis observed in cultures of this species, following a single inoculum of 5 X 10(6)--10(7) bone marrow cells, with or without addition of fresh allogeneic bone marrow exceeded 1 yr. Analysis of suspension cells obtained by weekly demidepopulation of such cultures revealed production of CFU-C, differentiating neutrophils, and basophils at high levels. Direct comparison with murine cultures indicated that in both species a complex series of cellular interactions takes place within an adherent environment of marrow-derived endothelial cells, macrophages, and fat-containing cells. Certain functional and ultrastructural features served to distinguish murine from Tupaia marrow cultures, and the prolonged duration of in vitro hematopoiesis in the latter species could be attributed to a regenerative capacity possessed by its adherent hematopoietic microenvironment. The availability of this primate marrow culture system should facilitate studies of hematopoiesis, viral leukemogenesis, and transplantation biology, which have more direct relevance to man than that provided by the existing murine system.
A radioimmunoassay for erythropoietin
Authors: Sherwood JB , Goldwasser E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We describe the development of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for erythropoietin. Antisera were raised in rabbits with an impure human urinary erythropoietin preparation used as immunogen, but with pure human erytropoietin serving as the labeled antigen in the RIA and as a primary standard. The immunoreactivity of erythropoietin is not altered significantly by the mode of labeling with radioiodine, even though the biologic activity is lost. With this method, it is possible to detect 2- -3 mU of erythropoietin in a volume of 0.1--0.3 ml. Therefore, the method can be used for detection of normal and subnormal serum titers as well as elevated titers. RIA for erythropoietin does not distinguish between the native (active in vivo) and the asialo form (inactive in vivo) and cannot yet be used for routine monitoring of crude fractions during purification.
Dense (aged) circulating red cells contain normal concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Authors: Kirkpatrick FH , Muhs AG , Kostuk RK , Gabel CW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The densest 0.1%--1% of circulating red cells were separated from fresh blood, and the ATP content of a representative sample of such cells was determined. The dense (“old”) cells had decreased amounts of ATP relative to unfractionated cells. However, the dense cells were also smaller, and the concentration of ATP in these cells was the same as in controls. Therefore, it seems unlikely that loss of cellular ATP is a causative factor in removal of senescent red cells from the circulation.
Erythroid colony stimulating and inhibiting cells in peripheral blood of transfused dogs: separation of function by velocity sedimentation
Authors: Torok-Storb B , Deeg HJ , Atkinson K , Weiden PL , Adamson JW , Storb R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have previously shown that the addition of normal dog peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to cultures of allogeneic marrow increases the number of marrow-derived erythroid colonies (EC), but that PBL from transfused dogs usually inhibit EC growth from marrow of the transfusion donor. In this study, the cells in normal dog PBL responsible for stimulating EC growth were shown to sediment in a narrow peak at 4.30 mm/hr. A similar population of stimulating cells exists in transfused dogs and can be separated, on the basis of size, from cells that inhibit EC growth. EC-stimulating cells from transfused dog PBL sediment at 3.3--5.0 mm/hr, while cells responsible for inhibition are larger and sediment more rapidly at 5.4--8.1 mm/hr. These data demonstrate that cells capable of stimulating allogeneic EC are present in transfused dogs, but their stimulating ability is masked by the presence of EC-inhibiting cells. Thus, coculture experiments designed to test lymphocyte/marrow cell interactions may miss significant but opposing effects if unfractionated cells are used.
Activated clotting factors in factor IX concentrates
Authors: Hultin MB 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The precise quantitation of activated factors in human factor IX concentrates has been accomplished with the use of recently developed, specific assays for factors IXa, Xa, and thrombin. The assay for factor IXa, which measures the initial rate of 3H-factor-X activation, was shown to be specific for factor IXa in the concentrates. Activated factor IX concentrates contained 1.0–2.3 microgram/ml of factor IXa; whereas the assays of unactivated concentrates were negative (less than 0.2 microgram/ml). The assays of factor Xa and thrombin, which measure the initial rate of p-nitroaniline release from S-2222 and S-2238, respectively, showed similar small amounts of factor Xa (4–34 ng/ml) and thrombin (12–76 ng/ml) in the activated and unactivated concentrates. The nonactivated partial thromboplastin time of the concentrates correlated significantly with the factor IXa content, but not with factor Xa or thrombin. Antithrombin III antigen in 3 of 4 concentrates was several-fold higher than antithrombin III activity, suggesting the presence of antithrombin III complexed with activated factors. These results support the hypothesis that the degree of activation of factor IX concentrates is related primarily to the concentration of factor IXa, which may be responsible for the thrombogenicity of these concentrates in some clinical settings.
Human erythroid burst-promoting activity produced by phytohemagglutinin- stimulated, radioresistant peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Meytes D , Ma Ortega JA , Shore NA , Dukes PP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The regulation of erythroid burst-colony formation was studied in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Numbers of erythropoietin-stimulated colonies obtainable from the cells in response to various treatments were compared. One-day preincubation of the cells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) doubled the yield of colonies. Irradiation of the cells with 3000 rad eliminated their ability to form erythroid bursts, but did not impair the ability of PHA-treated cells to enhance burst formation when added to a fresh batch of cells. This was due to a humoral factor, since media conditioned by PHA-treated washed cells were as effective as the cells themselves. When cells were separated into subpopulations by an adherence procedure and according to their ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells, it was found that the PHA-dependent burst-promoting activity released into the medium originated in a nonadherent, nonrosetting (T-cell depleted) cell population.
Human myeloid precursors forming colonies in diffusion chambers expresses the Ia-like antigen
Authors: Koeffler HP , Niskanen E , Cline M , Billing R , Golde D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Normal human bone marrow contains cells capable of forming myeloid colonies (CFU-DG) in fibrin clots in diffusion chambers placed in the peritoneal cavity of cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Evidence has accumulated indicating that these colony-forming cells represent an earlier stem cell than the granulocyte-monocyte precursor cell (CFU-C) assayed in soft agar. We provide data showing that these stem cells express the “Ia-like” or DR antigen. In the presence of rabbit Ia antiserum at a titer of 1:300, all CFU-DG were inhibited. Cytotoxicity was complement-dependent. Data are also presented that suggest that the megakaryocyte stem cell also expresses the Ia antigen.
Activated protein C inhibits platelet prothrombin-converting activity
Authors: Comp PC , Esmon CT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bovine platelets that have been activated by thrombin facilitate the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of calcium ions and factor Xa. Activated protein C, a vitamin-K-dependent plasma protein, inhibits this platelet prothrombin-converting activity. The inhibition is time dependent and is not reversed by increasing concentrations of factor Xa. However, factor Xa is able to protect the platelet prothrombin-converting activity from inactivation by activated protein C. The activated protein C causes a parallel loss of factor Xa receptor sites and platelet prothrombin-converting activity. Activated protein C may contribute to the regulation of clotting through inactivation of the platelet prothrombin-converting activity.
Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in human bone marrow cells by bifunctional alkylating agents
Authors: Lewensohn R , Ringborg U 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A technique has been developed for handling human bone marrow cells intended for the examination of DNA repair synthesis. DNA-repair synthesis, induced by melphalan and nitrogen mustard, was measured as the incorporation of 3H-thymidine, registered by autoradiography as unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). Comparison of various cell populations disclosed considerable differences in their UDS level, this generally being greatest for the blast populations. During maturation of both myelopoietic and erythropoietic cells, there was a decrease in the UDS level, which was lowest for the end-cell stage. The lymphocytes and monocytes differed considerably in their capacity for UDS. The developed technique would appear to offer an opportunity for determining the capacity for DNA-repair synthesis in malignant bone marrow cells, a factor that has been linked to sensitivity to alkylating agents.
The use and limitation of labeled staphylococcal protein A for study of antineutrophil antibodies
Authors: McCallister JA , Boxer LA , Baehner RL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Antineutrophil antibodies can be detected following their attachment to neutrophils by employing labeled staphylococcal protein A (SPA). Radiolabeled SPA provides a sensitive means for identifying the presence of IgG restricted to subclasses IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 that will specifically bind to neutrophils and that are found in the serum of patients with isoimmune and autoimmune neutropenia. However, SPA bound to the Fc region of IgG does not interfere with the attachment of IgG to the Fc domain of the neutrophil. Fluorescein-labeled SPA, in turn is useful in monitoring the functional consequences of antibody attachment to the surface of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Both heterologous and isoimmune antisera induced lateral movement of surface antigens into polar-capped pseudopodia. The formation of such pseudopodia may facilitate leukoagglutination and the subsequent removal of sensitized cells from the circulation.
Decreased platelet thrombogenecity in association with increased platelet turnover and vascular damage
Authors: Buchanan MR , Carter CJ , Hirsch J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelet turnover is increased when platelets interact with prosthetic surfaces and damaged vessel wall. To determine whether the resulting increase in young platelets is associated with an increased tendency to thrombosis, we induced a state of increased platelet turnover in rabbits by inserting a sterile cannula into the abdominal aorta and tested for platelet thrombogenecity by measuring the deposition of circulating platelets onto a second injury site in the carotid arteries. Platelet half-life was decreased and platelet turnover was increased after the aortic cannulation, although the circulating platelet count remained unchanged. Platelet thrombogenecity determined 20 hr after cannulation was significantly decreased when compared to sham-operated animals. Ear bleeding studies demonstrated that the platelets circulating in cannulated animals were hemostatically less effective than those in sham-operated animals. This effect was intrinsic to the platelet and was associated with a platelet function defect. These data suggest that platelets exposed to a damaged or foreign surface interact with the surface and then circulate in a less reactive state.
Hemoglobin Nigeria (alpha-81 Ser replaced by Cys):a new variant associated with alpha-thalassemia
Authors: Honig GR , Shamsuddin M , Mason RG , Vida LN , Tremaine LM , Tarr GE , Shahidi NT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hematologic evaluation of a Nigerian obstetrical patient disclosed the presence of sickle-cell trait as well as evidence of a hemoglobin alpha- chain abnormality. Hemoglobins containing the variant alpha-chain were isolated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and analysis of the purified alpha-chain demonstrated a ser replaced by cys substitution at alpha-81. The abnormal alpha-chain represented approximately 45% of the total, and hemoglobins containing this alpha-chain appeared to have normal stability and functional properties. In addition to the abnormal hemoglobins that were identified in this patient, she also was found to have persistent microcytosis in the absence of iron deficiency, and the percentage of HbS in her erythrocytes was less than that usually present in individuals with sickle cell trait. These findings, together with a reduced alpha/beta globin synthesis ratio from her peripheral blood reticulocytes, indicated that the presence of alpha-thalassemia trait. Hematologic findings from members of the patients's family suggest that an alpha-thalassemia gene may be linked to that of the structurally abnormal alpha-chain.
Transient IgA-lambda paraproteinemia during treatment of acute myelomonoblastic leukemia
Authors: Van Camp B , Reynaerts P , Naets JP , Radl J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Monoclonal plasma cell proliferation with secretion of IgA-lambda and free lambda light chains during a phase of bone marrow aplasia following intensive chemotherapy was observed in a patient suffering from acute myelomonoblastic leukemia. The clonal expansion and regression was investigated at the cellular level by immunofluorescence using an antiserum against the idiotype of the paraportein. Although a large panel of common antigens was used for testing, no antibody activity of the paraprotein could be demonstrated.
Lithium therapy of canine cyclic hematopoiesis
Authors: Hammond WP , Dale DC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Treatment of cyclic hematopoiesis in the grey collie dog with lithium carbonate eliminated the recurrent neutropenia and normalized the other blood cell counts. These findings suggest that human cyclic hematopoiesis may be successfully treated with lithium. The effects of lithium on the monocytes, platelets, and reticulocytes, as well as the neutrophils, suggest that lithium operates on basic regulatory mechanisms affecting the most primitive hematopoietic precursor cells.
Red blood cell associated IgG in normal and pathologic states
Authors: Szymanski IO , Odgren PR , Fortier NL , Snyder LM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We studied the anti-IgG-induced agglutination of both normal and abnormal red blood cells (RBC) using a sensitive, automated antiglobulin test. Normal RBC agglutinated strongly with anti-IgG antibody, indicating that IgG was present on the erythrocyte membrane. Young RBC, recovered by centrifugation from a normal RBC population, agglutinated with anti-IgG less than the old cells, suggesting that immunoglobulin G accumulated gradually on the RBC membrane in vivo. The degree of anti-IgG-induced RBC agglutination correlated negatively with the reticulocyte count and positively with the concentration of plasma IgG. RBC from patients with hypogammaglobulinemia appeared to have a low subnormal quantity of membrane-bound IgG, whereas the reverse was the case in hypergammaglobulinemia. During hemolytic episodes, RBC of patients with hereditary spherocytosis agglutinated poorly with anti- IgG, apparently due to predominance of young RBC. RBC of patients with nonspherocytic. Coombs-negative, nonimmune hemolytic anemia usually also agglutinated poorly with anti-IgG. However, in some cases of active hemolytic anemia, decreased agglutination with anti-IgG was not observed, suggesting that these young RBC had increased amounts of membrane-bound IgG.