bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing diabetic patient engagement and self-reported medication adherence using a web-based multimedia program
Authors: Elsabrout Kerri 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
Evidence-based, multimedia applications to supplement clinical care can improve patient engagement and clinical outcomes. Patients with diabetes with potentially devastating complication of foot ulcers present a substantial opportunity to improve engagement. This project examines how providing an online, multimedia self-management program affects patient engagement and self-reported medication adherence scores within 4–6 weeks compared with preprogram scores.

Methods:
Participants included 14 adult, diabetic outpatients receiving care at a Wound Care Center in suburban New York. Participants watched a Type 2 diabetes Emmi educational module on an electronic tablet during a routine wound treatment visit. Self-reported medication adherence was measured immediately before and at 4–6 weeks after the educational intervention. Patient engagement was measured immediately before, immediately after, and at 4–6 weeks postintervention.

Conclusions:
Self-reported medication adherence results demonstrated a modest increase at the delayed postintervention time. In addition, there was a large increase in engagement scores at the delayed postintervention time. The direction of change for both measures was consistent with the intervention being effective.

Implications for practice:
Incorporating this type of novel, multimedia patient education resource may provide opportunities to enhance diabetes care.
Signal Changes in the Dentate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus on Unenhanced T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images After Intrathecal Administration of Macrocyclic Gadolinium Contrast Agent
Authors: Ozturk Kerem , Nas Omer Fatih , Soylu Esra , Hakyemez Bahattin 
Published: May 2018

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate signal changes in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus (GP) on unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images (T1 WI) in a cohort of patients who have received intrathecal macrocyclic ionic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) gadoterate meglumine.

Materials and Methods
A group of 20 patients (male/female ratio, 8:12; mean age, 39.5 ± 15.5 years) who had not received intravenous GBCA but had received an intrathecal macrocyclic ionic GBCA (plus baseline and an additional final magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] for reference) from 2012 to 2017 were retrospectively included in this institutional review board–approved study. Two radiologists inspected T1-weighted 2-dimensional spin echo (n = 7) and 3-dimensional isotropic turbo field echo (n = 13) images on a 3 T MRI system to conduct visual evaluation and quantitative analysis. Baseline and final examination signal intensity (SI) ratios were assessed across time by using the same pulse sequences. For visual analysis, SI changes on the GP, thalamus (Th), cerebellar peduncle (CP), and dentate nucleus (DN) were graded as a 3-point scale. For quantitative analysis, SI ratio differences between the baseline and final MR examinations were estimated for the DN-to-CP and GP-to-Th ratios. One-sample t tests were used to investigate whether they differed from 0. In addition, to investigate significant differences between the SI ratios for various pulse sequences, t tests were performed. The regression analysis was additionally used to find any correlation between SI ratio differences and various confounding variables including age, sex, or the mean interval between the baseline and final MR examinations.

Results
The SI ratio differences did not deviate significantly from 0, neither for the DN/CP ratio (0.013 ± 0.0584, P = 0.287) nor the GP/Th ratio (−0.0113 ± 0.0546, P = 0.366). The DN-to-CP and GP-to-Th SI ratio differences did not significantly deviate from 0 in the patient groups in either of the imaging sequences (P > 0.05) as well. Age, sex, and the mean interval between examinations did not influence SI ratio differences between examinations (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Intrathecal macrocyclic GBCA administration was not associated with measurable T1 SI changes in the GP and DN as an indicator of brain gadolinium deposition detectable by MRI.
Targeted Imaging of Renal Fibrosis Using Antibody-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles in Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Zhu Xiang-Yang , Zou Xiangyu , Mukherjee Rahul , Yu Zhicong , Ferguson Christopher M. , Zhou Wei , McCollough Cynthia H. , Lerman Lilach O. 
Published: May 2018

Objectives
The ability to determine the severity of renal fibrosis, which is involved in most chronic kidney diseases, may be beneficial for monitoring disease progression and management. The aim of this study was to assess a new method involving gold nanoparticles conjugated to an anti-collagen-I antibody (Co-I-AuNPs) as a computed tomography (CT) imaging contrast for the evaluation of renal fibrosis in situ.

Materials and Methods
Gold nanoparticles conjugated to an anti-collagen-I antibody were prepared using gold chloride reduction with sodium citrate and coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and their size was determined by electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Anti-collagen-I antibody was then conjugated to PEG-SH/COOH on the AuNP surface. The success of antibody conjugation was tested in vitro using collagen-coated plate and mouse stenotic kidney sections and in vivo using micro-CT and multidetector CT imaging.

Results
Bare AuNPs were 18.7 ± 0.6 nm and PEG-coated AuNPs were 45.3 ± 0.1 nm in size. In vitro, Co-I-AuNPs specifically bound to both a collagen-coated plate and mouse fibrotic kidneys. Furthermore, the stenotic mouse kidney showed increased Co-I-AuNPs retention compared with the contralateral kidney (59.3 ± 5.1 vs 45.1 ± 1.7 HU, P = 0.05), which correlated with its collagen deposition. Micro-CT also detected gold signals in situ in the Co-I-AuNP-injected kidney, which colocalized with histological trichrome staining.

Conclusion
Gold nanoparticles conjugated to an anti-collagen-I antibody are able to visualize kidney fibrosis in vitro and in situ and may be useful for nondestructive quantification of tissue fibrosis.
Imaging Features of Extramammary Paget Disease of the Scrotum
Authors: Choi Sang Lim , Park Sung Bin , Lee Eun Sun , Park Hyun Jeong , Lee Jong Beum , Choi Byung Ihn 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithelial malignancy originating in areas rich in apocrine glands, such as the vulva, perineum, perianal area, scrotum, and penis. A few reports of EMPD involving the scrotum have been described in the literature. However, only few reports have described imaging features observed in patients presenting with EMPD. We report EMPD in a patient showing scrotal involvement, focusing on imaging features, particularly those determined ultrasonographically.
Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis and Intertriginous Dermatitis as Nurse-Sensitive Quality Indicators
Authors: Arnold-Long Mary , Emmons Kevin , Chovan John D. 
Published: May 2018

PURPOSE:This purpose of this study was to determine whether consensus exists concerning the need to collect epidemiologic data about 2 forms of moisture-associated skin damage, incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) and intertriginous dermatitis (ITD), and whether these data should be part of data routinely collected as part of the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI).DESIGN:Modified Delphi technique.SAMPLE AND SETTING:Questionnaires were sent via e-mail to 50 identified experts, with an initial response of 17. Thirteen clinical experts responded to the second round and 11 responded to a third round.METHODS:Items on the questionnaires were investigator-developed. Consensus was defined as 80% or more agreement. Three rounds of questionnaires were employed to attempt consensus. Descriptive statistics were performed using mean and standard deviation for continuous data and frequencies and percentages for categorical data. Qualitative data were analyzed question by question by the primary researcher using content analysis.RESULTS:Consensus was achieved indicating that individual facilities should regularly collect data about IAD prevalence or incidence. Consensus was not reached about the need to regularly collect data about ITD prevalence or incidence. Panelists also failed to reach consensus that IAD or ITD prevalence or incidence should be incorporated into the NDNQI indicators.CONCLUSION:Panelists did not reach consensus that IAD or ITD epidemiologic data should be incorporated on the NDNQI. Additional research is needed, particularly in the area of ITD, before benchmarks can be established regarding these data as nurse-sensitive indicators of quality care.
A Survey of Canadian Occupational Therapy Practices to Prevent Pressure Injuries Among Wheelchair Users via Weight Shifting
Authors: Mortenson W. Ben , Thompson Sarah C. , Wright Alison L. , Boily Jeanette , Waldorf Kevin , Leznoff Sandy 
Published: May 2018

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to describe occupational therapy weight-shifting practices and explore recommended strategies for patients, healthcare staff, and family/caregivers across healthcare settings.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional survey.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
Respondents included 97 currently practicing occupational therapists working in 5 main practice settings (ie, acute care, inpatient rehabilitation, outpatient rehabilitation, home and community care, and residential) from 9 out of 10 Canadian provinces.

METHODS:
We created a 25-item questionnaire that included forced choice and open-ended queries. Items queried demographic information, weight-shifting techniques taught to patients, frequency and duration of weight shifting recommended, educational approaches used to teach weight shifting, and resources used to guide decision making. Participants were recruited via professional organizations and health authorities across Canada. Participants were excluded if they were not currently working with manual or power wheelchair users. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data, and content analysis was used for qualitative data (responses to open-ended queries).

RESULTS:
The most frequently recommended weight-shifting techniques were tilt (83.3%-92.8%), leaning to one side (47.9%-87.5%), and forward leaning (46.9%-83.3%). Study findings revealed a wide range of recommendations regarding frequency (every 10 minutes or less to >2 to 3 hours) and duration (≤30 seconds to as long as tolerated) of weight shifting. Weight-shifting interventions were most commonly guided by clinical experience (81.7%), practice guidelines (62.4%), and expertise of other team members (54.8%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Results from this study highlight the need for further research to inform weight-shifting techniques and to build a more comprehensive understanding of weight-shifting education practices.
Pressure Injuries Among Hospitalized Patients With Cancer
Authors: Aljezawi Ma'en , Tubaishat Ahmad 
Published: May 2018

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of pressure injuries (PIs) in hospitalized patients with cancer.

DESIGN:
Multicenter, cross-sectional prevalence survey.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 110 adults with cancer; their mean age was 50.65 years (SD: 17.32); and more than half were females (n = 60, 54.5%). The study setting was 5 hospitals in Jordan.

METHODS:
A prevalence survey was conducted using methods recommended by the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Data collection included skin assessment, PI risk, and preventive measures.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of PIs was 15.5% (n = 17); it was 7.3% (n = 8) when grade/category I PIs were excluded. Heel PIs were the most frequent (n = 11; 64.7%) and most PIs were grade I (n = 9; 52.9%). Only 26.9% of at-risk patients received appropriate preventive interventions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Study findings support the need to prioritize PI prevention in patients with cancer. Additional research is needed to add to the knowledge base regarding PIs within vulnerable groups such as individuals with cancer.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Nurses Toward Pressure Injury Prevention
Authors: Barakat-Johnson Michelle , Barnett Catherine , Wand Timothy , White Kathryn 
Published: May 2018

PURPOSE:The purpose of the study was to examine the knowledge and attitudes of nurses on pressure injury prevention and determine if there was a relationship between knowledge, attitude, and years of experience following an unexplained increase in reported hospital-acquired pressure injuries across 1 health district in Sydney, Australia.DESIGN:Multisite cross-sectional study.SUBJECTS AND SETTING:Registered and enrolled nurses working in acute, medical, and rehabilitation units in 4 hospitals and 5 community health centers across a local health district.METHODS:Using a modified version of the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test and the Staff Attitude Scale, nurses were invited to complete the survey online or on paper.RESULTS:A total of 3123 surveys were distributed and 998 were returned yielding a response rate of 32%. Approximately one-third of nurse respondents who participated in the survey had been practicing for 5 to 10 years. Almost 80% of participants scored 33/47 or more (70% or more correct) on the knowledge survey; the mean score was 35.21. The mean score for the attitudes test was 44.43 ± 4.77, out of 55 (80.7%), indicating a positive attitude toward pressure injury prevention. There was a significant positive correlation between nurses' years of experience and attitudes, but there was no correlation between years of experience and knowledge. Knowledge and attitudes were also significantly positively correlated.CONCLUSIONS:Nurses had sound knowledge and held positive attitudes toward pressure injury prevention. Positive attitudes were associated with greater time spent in the workforce. Additional research is required to examine relationships between knowledge of and attitude toward pressure injury prevention and clinical practice. Further research is also needed to determine if improving knowledge and attitudes results in a sustained reduction of hospital-acquired pressure injuries.
Intraspecific Polymorphism for the Presence and Absence of Entire Mitochondrial Chromosomes
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Sloan Daniel B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough mitochondrial genomes are typically thought of as single circular molecules, these genomes are fragmented into multiple chromosomes in many eukaryotes, raising intriguing questions about inheritance and (in)stability of mtDNA in such systems. A previous comparison of mitochondrial genomes from two different individuals of the angiosperm speciesSilene noctiflorafound variation in the presence of entire mitochondrial chromosomes. Here, we expand on this work with a geographically diverse sampling of 25S. noctiflorapopulations. We also included the closely related speciesS. turkestanicaandS. undulata, with the latter exhibiting a surprising phylogenetic placement nested within the diversity ofS. noctifloramitochondrial haplotypes. Using a combination of deep sequencing and PCR-based screening for the presence of 22 different mitochondrial chromosomes, we found extensive variation in the complement of chromosomes across individuals. Much of this variation could be attributed to recent chromosome loss events. Despite the fragmented structures of these mitochondrial genomes and the evidence for occasional biparental inheritance in otherSilenespecies, we did not find any indication of recombination between distinct mitochondrial haplotypes either within or among mitochondrial chromosomes, which may reflect the extreme paucity of nucleotide sequence polymorphism and/or the high selfing rate in this species. These results suggest that the massively expanded and fragmented mitochondrial genomes ofS. noctifloramay have entered a phase of genome reduction in which they are losing entire chromosomes at a rapid rate.
SATurn: A modular bioinformatics framework for the design of robust maintainable web-based and standalone applications
Authors: Damerell David R. , Strain-Damerell Claire , Garsot Sefa , Joyce Stephen , Barrett Paul , Marsden Brian D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSummarySATurn is a modular, open-source, bioinformatics platform designed to specifically address the problems of maintenance and longevity commonly associated with the development of simple tools funded by academic research grants. Applications developed in SATurn can be deployed as web-based tools, standalone applications, or hybrid tools which have the benefits of both. Within the Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) we have utilized SATurn to create a bioinformatics portal which routinely supports a diverse group of scientists including those interested in structural biology, cloning, glycobiology & chemicalbiology.Supplementary information:
Inactivation ofPpp1r15aminimises weight gain and insulin resistance during caloric excess in mice
Authors: Patel Vruti , Bidault Guillaume , Chambers Joseph E. , Carobbio Stefania , Everden Angharad J. T. , Garcés Concepción , Dalton Lucy E. , Gribble Fiona M. , Vidal-Puig Antonio , Marciniak Stefan J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α within the mediobasal hypothalamus is known to suppress food intake, but the role of the eIF2α phosphatases in regulating body weight is poorly understood. Mice deficient in active PPP1R15A, a stress-inducible eIF2α phosphatase, are healthy and more resistant to endoplasmic reticulum stress than wild type controls. We report that whenPpp1r15amutant mice are fed a high fat diet they gain less weight than wild type littermates owing to reduced food intake. This results in healthy leanerPpp1r15amutant animals with reduced hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity, albeit with a modest defect in insulin secretion. By contrast, no weight differences are observed between wild type andPpp1r15adeficient mice fed a standard diet. We conclude that mice lacking the C-terminal PP1-binding domain of PPP1R15A show reduced dietary intake and preserved glucose tolerance. Our data indicate that this results in reduced weight gain and protection from diet-induced obesity.
SQuIRE: Software for Quantifying Interspersed Repeat Elements
Authors: Yang Wan R. , Ardeljan Daniel , Pacyna Clarissa N. , Payer Lindsay M. , Burns Kathleen H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTransposable elements are interspersed repeat sequences that make up much of the human genome. Conventional approaches to RNA-seq analysis often exclude these sequences, fail to optimally adjudicate read alignments, or align reads to interspersed repeat consensus sequences without considering these transcripts in their genomic contexts. As a result, repetitive sequence contributions to transcriptomes are not well understood. Here, we present Software for Quantifying Interspersed Repeat Expression (SQuIRE), an RNA-seq analysis pipeline that integrates repeat and genome annotation (RepeatMasker), read alignment (STAR), gene expression (StringTie) and differential expression (DESeq2). SQuIRE uniquely provides a locus-specific picture of interspersed repeat-encoded RNA expression. SQuIRE can be downloaded at (github.com/wyang17/SQuIRE).
Intracellular absorption underlies collective bacterial tolerance towards an antimicrobial peptide
Authors: Wu Fan , Tan Cheemeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe collective tolerance towards antimicrobial peptides (APs) is thought to occur primarily through mechanisms associated with live bacterial cells. In contrast to the focus on live cells, we discover that the LL37 antimicrobial peptide kills Escherichia coli, forming a subpopulation of dead cells that absorbs the remaining LL37 into its intracellular space. Combining mathematical modeling with population and single-cell experiments, we show that bacteria absorb LL37 at a timing that coincides with the permeabilization of their cytoplasmic membranes. Furthermore, we show that one bacterial strain can absorb LL37 and protect another strain from killing by LL37. Finally, we demonstrate that the intracellular absorption of LL37 can be reduced using a peptide adjuvant. In contrast to the existing collective tolerance mechanisms, we show that the dead-bacterial absorption of APs is a dynamic process that leads to emergent population behavior, and the work suggests new directions to enhance the efficacy of APs.
crisprQTL mapping as a genome-wide association framework for cellular genetic screens
Authors: Gasperini Molly , Hill Andrew J. , McFaline-Figueroa José L. , Martin Beth , Trapnell Cole , Ahituv Nadav , Shendure Jay 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExpression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are powerful paradigms for mapping the determinants of gene expression and organismal phenotypes, respectively. However, eQTL mapping and GWAS are limited in scope (to naturally occurring, common genetic variants) and resolution (by linkage disequilibrium). Here, we present crisprQTL mapping, a framework in which large numbers of CRISPR/Cas9 perturbations are introduced to each cell on an isogenic background, followed by single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). crisprQTL mapping is analogous to conventional human eQTL studies, but with individual humans replaced by individual cells; genetic variants replaced by unique combinations of ‘unlinked’ guide RNA (gRNA)-programmed perturbations per cell; and tissue-level RNA-seq of many individuals replaced by scRNA-seq of many cells. By randomly introducing gRNAs, a single population of cells can be leveraged to test for association between each perturbation and the expression of any potential target gene, analogous to how eQTL studies leverage populations of humans to test millions of genetic variants for associations with expression in a genome-wide manner. However, crisprQTL mapping is neither limited to naturally occurring, common genetic variants nor by linkage disequilibrium. As a proof-of-concept, we applied crisprQTL mapping to evaluate 1,119 candidate enhancers with no strong a priori hypothesis as to their target gene(s). Perturbations were made by a nuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9) tethered to KRAB, and introduced at a mean ‘allele frequency’ of 1.1% into a population of 47,650 profiled human K562 cells (median of 15 gRNAs identified per cell). We tested for differential expression of all genes within 1 megabase (Mb) of each candidate enhancer, effectively evaluating 17,584 potential enhancer-target gene relationships within a single experiment. At an empirical false discovery rate (FDR) of 10%, we identify 128 cis crisprQTLs (11%) whose targeting resulted in downregulation of 105 nearby genes. crisprQTLs were strongly enriched for proximity to their target genes (median 34.3 kilobases (Kb)) and the strength of H3K27ac, p300, and lineage-specific transcription factor (TF) ChIP-seq peaks. Our results establish the power of the eQTL mapping paradigm as applied to programmed variation in populations of cells, rather than natural variation in populations of individuals. We anticipate that crisprQTL mapping will facilitate the comprehensive elucidation of the cis-regulatory architecture of the human genome.