bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
في توليد المفردات بالحاسوب
Authors: البواب مروان , دعبول موفق 
Published: December 2024

لا يخفى أنّ للّغة العربيّة خصائص ومزايا تجعلها قابلة للمعالجة الحاسوبيّة، ففيها خاصيّة الاشتقاق الصّرفي، واعتماد المعجم على الجذور، والصّلة الوثيقة بين المبنى والمعنى، واطراد القياس في كثير من الحالات الصّرفيّة والنّحويّة والصّوتية.
وتكمن أهميّة معالجة اللّغة العربيّة بالحاسوب في التطبيقات الهامة والمتعدّدة المرجوة منا: كالتّرجمة الآليّة من العربيّة وإليها، وتعرف الكلام وتركيبه، والقراءة الآليّة للنصوص المكتوبة، والكتابة الآليّة للنّصوص المقروءة، واكتشاف الأخطاء اللّغويّة في النّصوص وتصحيحها، والتّحاور مع الآلة باللّغة الطبيعيّة، وشكل النّصوص غير المشكولة.
وللمعالجة الحاسوبيّة للّغة العربيّة وجوه متعدّدة، فهناك المعالجة الصّرفيّة، والنّحويّة والدّلاليّة، والصوتّية...وغيرها، وتنقسم المعالجة الصّرفيّة إلى قسمين أساسين هما: الاشتقاق، والتّحليل.
يتناول هذا المقال بعض النقاط المتعلّقة بالقسم الاوّل من المعالجة الصّرفيّة وهو الاشتقاق( أو توليد المفردات بالحاسوب
. المنحنى التعليلي في قياس يونس بن حبيب
Authors: بوزياني . خالد 
Published: December 2024

لقد لفت انتباهي وأنا أتصفّح ما كٌتب عن أوائل النّحاة شخصيّة كان لها الفضل الكبير على الدّرس النّحوي؛ إنّه يونس بن حبيب الضبي البصري، معلّم سيبويه وأحد أساتذته الذين اعتمد عليهم في تدوين مصنّفه (الكتاب)، فرجعت إلى هذا المصنّف العظيم، فوجدت آراء يونس تأتي في الدّرجة الثّانيّة بعد آراء الخليل، من حيث عددها فأيقنت أنّ مساهامات الرّجل في الميدان النّحوي لا تقلّ أهميّة عن مساهمات الخليل، ثم رجعت إلى كتب التّراجم فوجدت أصحابها يشهدون له بالعلم في ميدان النّحو وسموه بصاحب القياس المتفرّد.
ومع أنّ يونس بن حبيب اهتّم بالسّماع اهتماما كبيرا فإنّه لم يكن يهتّم بالجمع مهما كان ومهما روي، ولكن همّه الوحيد هو السّماع الموثوق به وربّما كان هذا من أسباب إعجابه بأبي زيد فقد كان يقول:”حدثني الثّقة عن العرب، فقيل له من الثّقة؟ فقال: أبو زيد، فقيل: لم لا تسميه، قال: هو حي بعد بعد فأنا لا أسميه".
إنّ هذه الصّفة جعلت من يونس رجل علم يمتاز بالموضوعيّة والأمانة العلميّة فهو دقيق النّظر إلى المادّة التي يجمعها ويستشهد بها، والتي جعلها مرتكزا لآرائه النّحويّة
معوقات الترجمة الآلية ذات الطابع النحوي- قراءة نقدية لظاهرة اللبس النحوي في المترجم الآلي "ترجم"
Authors: بن يوسف حميدي 
Published: December 2024

عرّف العصر الحديث تطوّرا هائلا في ميدان التّكنولوجيا بحيث تمّ إدخال الآلة في كثير من المجالات العلميّة، حتى تلك التي تنعت بالعلوم الإنسانيّة أو الاجتماعيّة. وبالنّظر إلى أهميّة التّواصل بين الشعوب خاصة تلك التي تختلف ثقافيا ولسانيا فيما بينها، يمكن القول بأنّ استثمار الآلة في هذا المجال بات أمرا حتميا.
وإذا نظرنا إلى واقع التّواصل اليوم نجد أنّ الباحثين قد حاولوا استثمار الآلة في ميدان التّرجمة ولكن بكيفية متفاوتة وبدرجة فعاليّة ونجاح متباينة. ولعلّ هذا التباين في التّحقيق يعود إلى مجموعة من العوامل منها ما يتصّل بما هو لساني ومنها ما يتصّل بالجانب الآلي (أي الحاسوبي).
سنحاول في هذه المقالة التّعرض لإشكال اللّبس النّحوي باعتباره معوقا ذا طابع لساني، يؤثّر على درجة فعاليّة التّرجمة الآليّة بين اللغات، لنرى مدى تجاوز المترجمين الآليين لهذا الإشكال، وذلك من خلال دراسة تطبيقية لمترجم آلي إنجليزي عربيّ، وعربيّ إنجليزي موضوع في الخدمة على شبكات الانترنت.
EFFECT OF PALOMA’S PROCEDURE ON MALE FERTILITY
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Shah Ghafar , Ullah Zahid , Ullah Naqib 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To study the effectiveness of Paloma’s procedure for varicocele in male fertility.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 50 patients over 3-year duration from Jan 2018 to Dec 2020 at Institute of Kidney Disease (IKD), Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Infertile male Patients having varicocele, age range from 18 to 40 years were included in the study. Cases having abnormal hormonal profile, urinary tract infection, testicular size less than 20 ml and recurrent varicocele were excluded. Varicocele in all cases was treated with high ligation (Paloma’s procedure) by open surgery. All cases were advised semen analysis (4-5 days interval after sexual intercourse) before and at 3-6 months after operation. Age, clinical grade of varicocele, side involved seminal volume, sperm density, activity and morphology were recorded of all participants. Pre and post-operative seminal volume, sperm density, activity and morphology were compared using paired t test. The level of significance was P less than or equal to 0.05.
Results: The mean age was 27.12±5.19 years. Most of the varicocele were present on left side (n=44, 88%). Most common grade of varicocele clinically was grade III (n=24, 48%) followed by grade II (n=15, 30%). Sperm density, activity, and morphology improved after varicocele surgery through high ligation technique which was very highly and statistically significant (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Paloma’s procedure is safe and effective modality of treatment for varicocele affected sub-fertile males.
Awareness of the Risk of BRONJ/ARONJ Amongst Dental professionals in KPK
Authors: SHAHZAD SUHAIL , Taran Kumar  , Kanwal Ilyas  , Muhammad TAriq  
Published: December 2024

Background:Osteonecrosis of the jaws is an established adverse side effect of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, also known as amino bisphosphonates. Since the first case reports in 2003, there has been an increased surge in the literature of osteonecrosis related to bisphosphonates. Despite the established risk, there is almost no evidence-based publications in Pakistan on awareness of GDPs regarding this complication. The aim of this study (the first of its kind), to investigate the degree of awareness of general dental practitioners treating patients receiving bisphosphonates/Antiresorptive Medications in the primary care sector of the possible risk of Bisphosphonate/Antiresorptives related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ/ARONJ).
Methods:A questionnaire with a covering letter was sent to general dental practitioners working in private practices and Hospitals based work places in KPK. The questionnaire was designed to maintain total anonymity of the practitioners. Out of 200 GDPs requested in KPK 93 answered questionnaire were returned.
Results:Participant’s response rate was 46.5%. 70% of respondents practiced in a mixed (Government hospitals + Private) setting. 100 % of respondents have come across the pharmaceutical term ‘Bisphosphonates’ or ‘Antiresorptive’ agents. 91/93 (98%) were also positive about being familiar with the indications for treatment with these agents. 92/93 were aware of a relationship between these agents and oral health. 50% were aware of current schemes/pathways/protocols which deal with patients on ‘Bisphosphonates’ seeking dental treatments.
Interfaces entre fibromialgia em mulheres e psicologia
Authors: Das Neves Inacio Amábille , Ojeda Ocampo Moré Carmen Leontina , Putti Paludo Isadora Cristina 
Published: December 2024

Este estudo de revisão integrativa teve como objetivo mapear o estado da arte da produção científica sobre a interface da fibromialgia (FM) em mulheres e psicologia, entre os anos de 2019 a 2023. Realizou-se um levantamento nas bases de dados Cinahl, Embase, Lilacs, PsycInfo, Scopus, e Web of Science, através dos descritores “fibromyalgia”, “psychology”, “woman” e seus correspondentes. Identificaram-se 909 artigos, dos quais 12 constituem o corpus desta revisão após aplicarem-se critérios de inclusão. Os artigos foram organizados e analisados com o auxílio do software qualitativo Atlas.ti 23. Os resultados evidenciaram que a FM repercute negativamente nas diferentes dimensões da vida das mulheres, implicando perdas e mudanças; que as reações das redes relacionais no contexto FM foram heterogêneas; e que a síndrome convoca diferentes estratégias de enfrentamento e intervenções sustentadas no cuidado integral. Constatou-se a necessidade de uma maior produção de estudos qualitativos, que abordem as repercussões no ciclo vital individual e familiar da mulher com FM.
Palavras-chave: fibromialgia, mulheres, psicologia, revisão integrativa.
Quality Evaluation of Green Banana (cv. Nendran) in Different Stages of Maturity
Authors: Shihna  , Divakar Suma 
Published: December 2024

Aims: Banana (Musa spp.) is a globally significant tropical fruit crop, valued for its economic importance and as a staple food that contributes significantly to human nutrition. The Nendran banana variety (Musa AAB) is widely cultivated in the South Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka, and is also well-known in other regions worldwide. This study aims to examine the physical, chemical, and nutritional characteristics of Nendran bananas at various maturity stages—75, 80, 85, and 90 days after flower emergence.
Study Design: Completely randomized design (CRD).
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Community Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, between February 2024 to October 2024.
Methodology: Nendran bananas for this study were obtained from a local farmer in Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram. Maturity was monitored by tagging the plants on the day of flower emergence, and the fruits were harvested at intervals of 75,80,85, and 90 days post-emergence. At each stage, green fruits were selected from the middle three fruits of the third hand from the top of each bunch and taken for physical (fruit weight, fruit length, circumference, peel weight, pulp weight), chemical (moisture, acidity, TSS, crude fiber and tannin) and nutritional (starch, protein, total sugar, reducing sugar) analysis.
Results: The result indicate that the ripening process significantly impacts the physical, chemical, and nutritional properties of Nendran bananas. Physical attributes such as fruit weight, pulp weight, fruit length, and diameter reached their maximum at 90 days, while peel weight was highest at 75 days. Chemical analysis demonstrated that moisture content, acidity, and total soluble solids (TSS) were greatest at 90 days, whereas crude fiber and tannin content peaked at 75 days. Nutritional analysis revealed that protein, total sugar, and reducing sugar levels were highest at 90 days, while starch content was highest at 75 days. These findings highlight how understanding the nutritional profile of unripe green Nendran bananas at different maturity stages offers valuable insights into the chemical transformations that occur throughout the ripening process.
Scorpion toxins interact with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Kasheverov Igor E. , Oparin Peter B. , Zhmak Maxim N. , Egorova Natalya S. , Ivanov Igor A. , Gigolaev Andrei M. , Nekrasova Oksana V. , Serebryakova Marina V. , Kudryavtsev Denis S. , Prokopev Nikita A. , Hoang Anh N. , Tsetlin Victor I. , Vassilevski Alexander A. , Utkin Yuri N. 
Published: July 2019

Neurotoxins are among the main components of scorpion and snake venoms. Scorpion neurotoxins affect voltage‐gated ion channels, while most snake neurotoxins target ligand‐gated ion channels, mainly nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We report that scorpion venoms inhibit α‐bungarotoxin binding to both muscle‐type nAChR from Torpedo californica and neuronal human α7 nAChR. Toxins inhibiting nAChRs were identified as OSK‐1 (α‐KTx family) from Orthochirus scrobiculosus and HelaTx1 (κ‐KTx family) from Heterometrus laoticus, both being blockers of voltage‐gated potassium channels. With an IC50 of 1.6 μm, OSK1 inhibits acetylcholine‐induced current through mouse muscle‐type nAChR heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Other well‐characterized scorpion toxins from these families also bind to Torpedo nAChR with micromolar affinities. Our results indicate that scorpion neurotoxins present target promiscuity.
Additive Manufacturing Approaches for Hydroxyapatite‐Reinforced Composites
Authors: Milazzo Mario , Contessi Negrini Nicola , Scialla Stefania , Marelli Benedetto , Farè Silvia , Danti Serena , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) techniques have gained interest in the tissue engineering field, thanks to their versatility and unique possibilities of producing constructs with complex macroscopic geometries and defined patterns. Recently, composite materials—namely, heterogeneous biomaterials identified as continuous phase (matrix) and reinforcement (filler)—have been proposed as inks that can be processed by AM to obtain scaffolds with improved biomimetic and bioactive properties. Significant efforts have been dedicated to hydroxyapatite (HA)‐reinforced composites, especially targeting bone tissue engineering, thanks to the chemical similarities of HA with respect to mineral components of native mineralized tissues. Herein, applications of AM techniques to process HA‐reinforced composites and biocomposites for the production of scaffolds with biological matrices, including cellular tissues, are reviewed. The primary outcomes of recent investigations in terms of morphological, structural, and in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the materials are discussed. The approaches based on the nature of the matrices employed to embed the HA reinforcements and produce the tissue substitutes are classified, and a critical discussion is provided on the presented state of the art as well as the future perspectives, to offer a comprehensive picture of the strategies investigated as well as challenges in this emerging field of materiomics.
Smart Materials by Nanoscale Magnetic Assembly
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Yang Fan , Yin Yadong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMagnetic assembly at the nanoscale level holds great potential for producing smart materials with high functional and structural diversity. Generally, the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the resulting materials can be engineered or dynamically tuned by controlling external magnetic fields. This Review analyzes the recent research progress on nanoscale magnetic assembly approaches toward the development of smart materials. The magnetic interactions between nanoparticles (both magnetic and nonmagnetic) and the interactions between nanoparticles and external magnetic fields are fully expatiated based on numerical simulations. In particular, the advancements of nanoscale magnetic assembly in responsive optical nanostructures, shape‐morphing systems, and advanced materials with tunable surface properties are introduced in three subsections. The key roles of magnetic interactions in nanoscale assembly toward customizable physical and chemical properties are highlighted, with focus on how to enable direct manipulation of the positional and orientational orders of the building blocks and orientational control of soft matrices through the incorporation of anisotropic magnetic structures.
Ultrahigh Energy‐Storage Density in NaNbO3‐Based Lead‐Free Relaxor Antiferroelectric Ceramics with Nanoscale Domains
Authors: Qi He , Zuo Ruzhong , Xie Aiwen , Tian Ao , Fu Jian , Zhang Yi , Zhang Shujun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDielectric energy‐storage capacitors have received increasing attention in recent years due to the advantages of high voltage, high power density, and fast charge/discharge rates. Here, a new environment‐friendly 0.76NaNbO3–0.24(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 relaxor antiferroelectric (AFE) bulk ceramic is studied, where local orthorhombic Pnma symmetry (R phase) and nanodomains are observed based on high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and in/ex situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. The orthorhombic AFE R phase and relaxor characteristics synergistically contribute to the record‐high energy‐storage density Wrec of ≈12.2 J cm−3 and acceptable energy efficiency η ≈ 69% at 68 kV mm−1, showing great advantages over currently reported bulk dielectric ceramics. In comparison with normal AFEs, the existence of large random fields in the relaxor AFE matrix and intrinsically high breakdown strength of NaNbO3‐based compositions are thought to be responsible for the observed energy‐storage performances. Together with the good thermal stability of Wrec (>7.4 J cm−3) and η (>73%) values at 45 kV mm−1 up to temperature of 200 °C, it is demonstrated that NaNbO3‐based relaxor AFE ceramics will be potential lead‐free dielectric materials for next‐generation pulsed power capacitor applications.
Free‐Standing Buckle‐Delaminated 2D Organic Nanosheets with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Multifunctionality
Authors: Zhang Qiuting , Zhang Zhuolei , Yin Jie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract2D organic conjugated polymer nanofilm has shown promising potential applications in organic solar cells and flexible electronics due to its tunable electronic and mechanical properties. However, its multifunctionality is largely hindered by weak mechanical performances. Here, a new strategy of harnessing buckling‐driven delamination is proposed for achieving highly stretchable, free‐standing organic nanosheets with largely improved multifunctionality in mechanical, electrical, and wetting properties. A model system of organic conjugated polymeric (P3BT/C60) nanosheets on prestrained elastomers is fabricated through both spin‐coating and transfer‐printing methods. It is found that the free‐standing nanosheet exhibits both superior mechanical and electrical properties with two times higher in fracture strength, and one order of magnitude higher in electrical conductivity than the spin‐coated nanofilm. Compared to wrinkled spin‐coated nanofilms with orthogonal cracks, the crack‐free, buckle‐delaminated free‐standing nanosheet shows not only stable electrical properties with high stretchability but also a large enhancement in both wetting anisotropy and parallel contact angle due to its higher‐aspect‐ratio features. Lastly, measuring the nanofilm's fracture strength and interfacial toughness from the metrology of cracking and buckle‐delaminated micropatterns is demonstrated. It is shown that such metrology‐based approaches can be applied to various nanofilm–substrate systems for thin film and interfacial mechanical properties measurement.
Iridium‐Catalyzed ortho‐C−H Amidation of Benzenesulfonamides with Sulfonyl Azides
Authors: Hou Hongcen , Zhao Yongli , Sheng Shouri , Chen Junmin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe developed herein an iridium‐catalyzed direct C−H activation/ C−N bond formation reaction of benzenesulfonamides with sulfonyl azides. The amidation reaction provides a protocol for the synthesis of 2‐aminobenzesulfonamides in good to excellent yields. This strategy features a wide substrate scope, tolerates a broad range of functional groups under external oxidant‐free conditions and only releases molecular nitrogen as the sole by‐product. Moreover, the preliminary mechanism was investigated and the proposed reaction pathway was provided.magnified image
CuCo2S4 Nanosheets@N‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers by Sulfurization at Room Temperature as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts in Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Pan Zhenghui , Chen Hao , Yang Jie , Ma Yuanyuan , Zhang Qichong , Kou Zongkui , Ding Xiaoyu , Pang Yajun , Zhang Lei , Gu Qilin , Yan Chenglin , Wang John 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe performance of quasi‐solid‐state flexible zinc–air batteries (ZABs) is critically dependent on the advancement of air electrodes with outstanding bifunctional electrocatalysis for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), together with the desired mechanical flexibility and robustness. The currently available synthesis processes for high‐efficiency bifunctional bimetallic sulfide electrodes typically require high‐temperature hydrothermal or chemical vapor deposition, which is undesirable in terms of the complexity in experimental procedure and the damage of flexibility in the resultant electrode. Herein, a scalable fabrication process is reported by combining electrospinning with in situ sulfurization at room temperature to successfully obtain CuCo2S4 nanosheets@N‐doped carbon nanofiber (CuCo2S4 NSs@N‐CNFs) films, which show remarkable bifunctional catalytic performance (Ej= 10 (OER) – E1/2 (ORR) = 0.751 V) with excellent mechanical flexibility. Furthermore, the CuCo2S4 NSs@N‐CNFs cathode delivers a high open‐circuit potential of 1.46 V, an outstanding specific capacity of 896 mA h g−1, when assembled into a quasi‐solid‐state flexible ZAB together with Zn NSs@carbon nanotubes (CNTs) film (electrodeposited Zn nanosheets on CNTs film) as the anode. The ZAB also shows a good flexibility and capacity stability with 93.62% capacity retention (bending 1000 cycles from 0° to 180°), making it an excellent power source for portable and wearable electronic devices.
Multidisciplinary oncolytic virotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReplication‐selective tumor‐specific viruses represent a novel approach for treating neoplastic diseases. These vectors are designed to induce virus‐mediated lysis of tumor cells after selective intracellular virus propagation. For targeting cancer cells, the use of tissue‐ or cell‐specific promoters that are expressed in diverse tumor types but silent in normal cells is required. Human telomerase is highly active in more than 85% of primary cancers, regardless of tissue origin, and its activity is closely correlated with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression. We constructed an attenuated adenovirus 5 vector (telomelysin, OBP‐301) in which the hTERT promoter element drives expression of E1 genes. As only tumor cells that express the telomerase can activate this promoter, the hTERT proximal promoter allows for preferential expression of viral genes in tumor cells, leading to selective viral replication and oncolytic cell death. Upon US Food and Drug Administration approval, a phase 1 dose‐escalation study of intratumoral injection of telomelysin for various solid tumors has been completed to confirm the safety, tolerability, and feasibility of the agent. Moreover, we found that adenoviral E1B 55‐kDa protein in telomelysin inhibits the radiation‐induced DNA repair machinery. Thus, tumor cells infected with telomelysin could be rendered sensitive to ionizing radiation. Recently, we assessed the safety and efficacy of intratumoral injection of telomelysin with radiotherapy in esophageal cancer patients not suited for standard treatments. This review highlights some very promising clinical advances in cancer therapeutic technologies using telomerase‐specific oncolytic virotherapy.
On rigorous definition of ion transport process and accurate determination of membrane potential at steady state
Authors: Sun Yuting , Song Lianfa 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIon transport plays an important role in many fields, such as signal generation and transmission in neural systems, function of ion channel on bio‐membranes, and water demineralization with nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. The electrical potential concurred with ion transport on a membrane not only reflects the properties of ions (e.g., charge, concentration, and mobility) but also regulates the transport rates of the ions. However, accurate determination of membrane potential remains a severe challenge because of the difficulties in specifying the appropriate boundary conditions for the governing Nernst–Planck–Poisson equations. An innovative boundary condition updating scheme was developed in this study to ensure that the boundary conditions are consistently imposed for both Nernst–Planck equation and Poisson's equation at any time. With this scheme, the general ion transport process can be rigorously defined and formulated for the accurate determination of membrane potential.