bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of virtual human running based on CCD algorithm
Authors: Bao Dapeng 
Published: January 2019

SummaryTo make a more thorough understanding of human movement, the research of virtual human running based on the CCD (Cyclic‐Coordinate Descent) algorithm was focused on. First of all, the CCD algorithm, the rotation range of the human joint, the running cycle, the key moment of running movement, and the decomposition of running movement were introduced in detail. Then, the inverse kinematics based on the CCD algorithm was solved, the inverse kinematics in the running was solved, and the motion simulation of the upper body and the specified path were carried out. Finally, the simulation results were analyzed. The results showed that the parameters such as the percentage of the support period, the vacant height, the running level, the step frequency, and the frame rate were adjusted by the interactive mode. In a word, it makes the running posture generated diversified and more characteristic.
Influence of Urbach Energy, Temperature, and Longitudinal Position in the Active Layer on Carrier Diffusion Length in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mehdizadeh‐Rad Hooman , Singh Jai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe diffusion length of charge carriers in the active layer of a perovskite solar cell (PSC) of the structure Glass/PEDOT: PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PC60BM/Al is modelled. It is found that the diffusion length depends on the position x in the active layer measured from the PEDOT: PSS interface, Urbach energy and temperature. By varying the voltage in the range from zero to
, it is shown that the dependence of diffusion length on the position x in the active layer reduces at higher voltage. The combined influence of applied voltage and temperature on the diffusion length of charge carriers is investigated and it is found that in the low voltage range the diffusion length is temperature independent, but it becomes significantly temperature dependent at higher voltages. Also, it is found that the diffusion length decreases as the applied voltage increases and this reduction becomes much more significant at higher voltage and temperatures. The combined influence of applied voltage and Urbach energy on diffusion length of charge carriers reveals that the diffusion length decreases when both the applied voltage and Urbach energy increase. However, the reduction in the diffusion length due to the increase in Urbach energy becomes less significant at higher voltage.
Co–Sn Nanocrystalline Solid Solutions as Anode Materials in Lithium‐Ion Batteries with High Pseudocapacitive Contribution
Authors: Li Junshan , Xu Xijun , Luo Zhishan , Zhang Chaoqi , Zuo Yong , Zhang Ting , Tang Pengyi , Infante‐Carrió Maria F. , Arbiol Jordi , Llorca Jordi , Liu Jun , Cabot Andreu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCo–Sn solid‐solution nanoparticles with Sn crystal structure and tuned metal ratios were synthesized by a facile one pot solution‐based procedure involving the initial reduction of a Sn precursor followed by incorporation of Co within the Sn lattice. These nanoparticles were used as anode materials for Li‐ion batteries. Among the different compositions tested, Co0.7Sn and Co0.9Sn electrodes provided the highest capacities with values above 1500 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 after 220 cycles, and up to 800 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 400 cycles. Up to 81 % pseudocapacitance contribution was measured for these electrodes at a sweep rate of 1.0 mV s−1, thereby indicating fast kinetics and long durability. The excellent performance of Co–Sn nanoparticle alloy‐based electrodes was attributed to both the small size of the crystal domains and their suitable composition, which buffered volume changes of Sn and contributed to a suitable electrode restructuration.
Membrane Fractionation of Liquors from Lignin‐First Biorefining
Authors: Sultan Zafar , Graça Inês , Li Yueqin , Lima Sérgio , Peeva Ludmila G. , Kim Daeok , Ebrahim Mahmood A. , Rinaldi Roberto , Livingston Andrew G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor the utilization of each lignin fraction in the lignin liquors, the development of separation strategies to fractionate the lignin streams by molecular weight ranges constitutes a timely challenge to be tackled. Herein, membrane filtration was applied to the refining of lignin streams obtained from a lignin‐first biorefining process based on H‐transfer reactions catalyzed by Raney Ni, by using 2‐PrOH as a part of the lignin extraction liquor and as an H‐donor. A two‐stage membrane cascade was considered to separate and concentrate the monophenol‐rich fraction from the liquor. Building on the results, an economic evaluation of the potential of membrane filtration for the refining of lignin streams was undertaken. In this proof‐of‐concept report, a detailed analysis is presented of future developments in the performance required for the utilization of membrane filtration for lignin refining and, more aspiringly, solvent reclamation.
Utility of cytomorphology in distinguishing solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with emphasis on nuclear folds and nuclear grooves
Authors: Misra Sunayana , Saran RK , Srivastava Siddharth , Barman Sandip , Dahale Amol 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundPancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPN) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Pan‐NET) have close resemblance on imaging and cytomorphology, though they differ in their prognosis and treatment strategy. SPNs are low‐grade indolent tumors while Pan‐NETs harbor malignant potential with propensity to metastasize. We aim to differentiate SPN from Pan‐NET based on cyto‐morphology; to classify nuclear membrane (NM) irregularities or nuclear folds into four grades and see whether they bear any difference with respect to the two entities.MethodsEighteen and ten confirmed cases of SPN and Pan‐NET were included in the study. Smears were assessed for architecture, background changes, cellular, and nuclear features, which were compared between the two study groups. Nuclear folds were classified into four grades. Nuclear folds and nuclear grooves were also compared between the two groups.ResultsAll SPN patients were females; mean age of 28 years. Pan‐NET patients had equal male to female ratio; mean age of 46 years. Both SPN (78%) and Pan‐NET (71%) showed predilection for pancreatic head. Mean size of lesion was 4.8 cm and 3.1 cm in SPN and Pan‐NET groups. Papillary pattern, branching capillaries, degenerative background were significantly more prominent in SPN; sudden anisonucleosis and cytoplasmic granularity in Pan‐NET. Metachromatic matrix, hyaline globules, and nuclear grooves were noted exclusively in SPNs. Nuclear fold grades 2 and 3 were more characteristic of SPN than Pan‐NET (P = 0.041 and 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsCytomorphology is vital in differentiating SPN from Pan‐NET with nuclear folds being an important nuclear feature.
Perinatal antibiotics alter preterm infant EEG and neurobehavior in the Family Nurture Intervention trial
Authors: Firestein Morgan R. , Myers Michael M. , Austin Judy , Stark Raymond I. , Barone Joseph L. , Ludwig Robert J. , Welch Martha G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEarly exposure to antibiotics has been shown to increase risk for poor neurobehavioral development, particularly with regard to attention deficit disorders. Clinically, electroencephalography (EEG) is increasingly used as a biomarker of these deficits. Less is known about the effects of antibiotics on neurobehavioral and neurophysiological outcomes in preterm infants, a population at particularly high risk for attention deficits and perinatal antibiotic exposure. This study examines the effects of perinatal antibiotic exposure on neonatal EEG and attention deficits as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist in 4‐ to 5‐year‐old children who were enrolled in an NICU‐based randomized controlled trial comparing Family Nurture Intervention (FNI) to standard care. Antibiotic‐exposed infants had increased attention problems and there was a main effect of antibiotic exposure such that exposed infants had higher EEG power. This effect was fourfold greater in infants who received standard NICU care compared to those who received the intervention, suggesting a buffering effect of the intervention. We hypothesize that the relationship between antibiotic exposure and altered neurodevelopment may be due to effects of antibiotics on the microbiome, and that FNI may buffer these adverse consequences.
Developmental Deformity Due to scalloped Non‐Function in Drosophila Brain Leads to Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Rohith Basavanahalli Nanjundaiah , Shyamala Baragur Venkatanarayanasetty 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNeural identity and wiring specificity are fundamental to brain function. Factors affecting proliferation of the progenitor cells leading to an expansion or regression of specific neuronal clusters are expected to challenge the process of formation of precise synaptic connections with their partners and their further integration to result in proper functional neural circuitry. We have investigated the role of scalloped, a Hippo pathway gene in Drosophila brain development and have shown that its function is critical to regulate proliferation of Mushroom Body Neuroblasts and to limit the neuronal cluster size to normal in the fly brain. Here we investigate the consequent effect of the anatomical phenotype of mutant flies on the brain function, as exemplified by their cognitive performance. We demonstrate that the neural expansion in important neural clusters of the olfactory pathway, caused due to Scalloped inactivation, imparts severe disabilities in learning, short‐term memory and long‐term memory. Scalloped knockdown in αβ Kenyon Cell clusters drastically reduces long‐term memory performance. Scalloped deficiency induced neural expansion in antennal lobe and ellipsoid body neurons bring down short‐term memory performance significantly. We also demonstrate that the cognitive impairments observed here are not due to a problem in memory formation or execution in the adult, but are due to the developmental deformities caused in the respective class of neurons. Our results strongly indicate that the additional neurons generated by Scalloped inactivation are not synergistically integrated into, but rather perturb the formation of precise functional circuitry.
Growth and quality of Fagus sylvatica saplings depend on seed source, site, and browsing intensity
Authors: Frank Aline , Heiri Caroline , Kupferschmid Andrea D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLocal climate and ungulate browsing are two major factors that affect tree regeneration and genetic adaptation in Central European forests. Owing to climate change and increasing ungulate numbers, the abiotic and biotic environments of trees are changing remarkably, making it necessary to investigate the separate and joint effects of seed source (i.e., location of tree population origin) and ungulate herbivory. We used a common garden experiment to study the growth and morphology of Fagus sylvatica saplings from 77 Swiss seed sources. The experiment was set up at two sites and included a clipping treatment (i.e., terminal shoot clipped at two intensities) applied before budburst to simulate winter ungulate browsing. We studied F. sylvatica sapling growth and morphology before and two years after clipping. Measured growth traits included sapling height, stem diameter, and biomass. Morphological traits included multi‐stemming, stem and crown form, stem quality, and reaction to clipping. Seed source, test site, and simulated leader browsing were all important in determining the growth and quality of F. sylvatica saplings. The effects of seed source on growth and quality indicate that F. sylvatica possesses a large pool of diverse genotypes across Switzerland and thus has the potential to adapt to local conditions through gene flow. Growth and morphology differed significantly between the two test sites, indicating that local environments should be considered carefully when a new plantation is established. The effect of the single simulated browsing event disappeared over time for the growth traits, owing to growth compensation. However, sapling quality decreased after clipping, suggesting that browsing may lead to persistent quality losses in production forests. Neither the growth nor the morphological reaction after clipping depended on the effect of population, meaning that resilience to browsing was independent of seed source. Consequently, interactions with ungulate browsing do not have to be taken into account when selecting F. sylvatica populations for particular climatic and site conditions.
Knowledge coproduction in environmental impact assessment: Lessons from the mining industry in Panama
Authors: Mitchell Ross E. , Leach Bryan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper explores questions concerning knowledge coproduction as applied to the extractive sector through an ex‐post evaluation of an environmental impact assessment (EIA) process for a proposed copper and gold mine in Panama. Theoretical underpinnings of knowledge are highlighted, and barriers or enablers to knowledge coproduction are explored, including syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic boundaries and trust building. Reflection is based on the authors' participation as EIA practitioners on the project. Knowledge sharing between the EIA project team and stakeholders are placed in the context of knowledge coproduction theory and application. Different types of knowledge—fast and slow, tacit and explicit, and traditional and expert—are integrated into an adapted version of Nonaka's knowledge spiral model, illustrating the progression of knowledge coproduction through various activities and actors in EIA. Findings support the contention that explicitly designing and implementing knowledge coproduction into EIA practice can help improve environmental governance in the extractive sector.
CD69+ memory T lymphocytes of the bone marrow and spleen express the signature transcripts of tissue‐resident memory T lymphocytes
Authors: Siracusa Francesco , Durek Pawel , McGrath Mairi A. , Sercan‐Alp Özen , Rao Anna , Du Weijie , Cendón Carla , Chang Hyun‐Dong , Heinz Gitta Anne , Mashreghi Mir‐Farzin , Radbruch Andreas , Dong Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is a matter of current debate whether the bone marrow is a hub for circulating memory T lymphocytes and/or the home of resident memory T lymphocytes. Here we demonstrate for CD69+ murine CD8+, and CD69+ murine and human CD4+ memory T lymphocytes of the bone marrow, making up between 30 and 60% of bone marrow memory T lymphocytes, that they express the gene expression signature of tissue‐resident memory T lymphocytes. This suggests that a substantial proportion of bone marrow memory T lymphocytes are resident. It adds to previous evidence that bone marrow memory T cells are resting in terms of mobility and proliferation, and maintain exclusive long‐term memory to distinct, systemic antigens.
Preparation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Si‐Coated Vegetable Oils and their Application in In Situ Curing of Hybrid Coatings
Authors: Maurin‐Pasturel Guillaume , Lemor Alain , Robin Jean‐Jacques , Lapinte Vincent 
Published: January 2019

The modification of natural oils with heteroatoms leads to materials that can be employed in various areas thanks to their specific properties. Here, a solventless chemical modification of epoxidized linseed oil with an aminosilane without a catalyst is developed, and a detailed study of the chemical reactions involved during the process is reported. The mechanism results in two competitive reactions: the ring‐opening of epoxides and trans‐amidification of triglycerides with the amine functional group of aminosilane. These competitive reactions are shown by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H, 13C, and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Even if the epoxy ring‐opening remains the major route, the trans‐amidification cannot be ignored. These modified oils are very reactive under atmospheric conditions by cross‐linking according to a polycondensation of the −Si(OMe)3 moieties or via a sol‐gel process and lead to a rapid hardening. The final material gives hydrophobic and glossy coatings on cellulose and glass.Practical Applications: This paper details the easy route to convert vegetable oils into coatings by crosslinking under mild conditions. These bio‐based materials can be applied as oil‐based impregnating products for exterior wood protection and in the hydrophobization of paper.Epoxidized linseed oil is chemically modified with an amino silane to make it reactive under atmospheric conditions. The chemical reaction is detailed and side reactions identified. Polycondensation of the grafted alkoxysilanes leads to hydrophobic coatings on cellulose and glass.
Carbon Nanotube‐phenolic Resin Composite Electrode Fabricated by Far Infrared‐assisted Crosslinking for Enhanced Amperometric Detection
Authors: Wang Xinmei , Wang Jing , Zhang Luyan , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe composite of carbon nanotube (CNT) and phenolic resin was prepared in a piece of fused silica capillary based on the far infrared‐assisted crosslinking of phenolic novolac resin in the presence of CNTs and hexamethylenetetramine for electrochemical sensing. The surface morphology and structure of the prepared materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that CNTs in the composite was adhered by the crosslinked phenolic resin to form an electrically conductive network. Many broken ends of CNTs appeared on the surface of the composite electrode in the form of a nanoelectrode array. The novel electrode was employed in the amperometric detection of synephrine and hesperidin in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium in combination with capillary zone electrophoresis. The novel CNT‐based electrode owned the advantages of high sensitivity, low fabrication expense and excellent electrocatalytic performances, indicating great promise for the electrochemical detection in other analysis systems.
Investigating Electrochemical Stability and Reliability of Gold Electrode‐electrolyte Systems to Develop Bioelectronic Nose Using Insect Olfactory Receptor
Authors: Khadka Roshan , Aydemir Nihan , Carraher Colm , Hamiaux Cyril , Baek Paul , Cheema Jamal , Kralicek Andrew , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article aims to demonstrate an electrochemically stable and reliable gold electrode‐electrolyte system to develop an insect odorant receptor (Drosophila melanogaster Or35a) based bioelectronic nose. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of bare gold electrodes, after modification with the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of 6‐mercaptohexanoic acid (MHA) and after immobilization with Or35a integrated into the lipid bilayers of liposomes were conducted in the presence of four different redox probes. Potassium ferri/ferrocyanide [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe (CN)6]4− and hydroquinone (H2Q) redox probes revealed variable and irreversible signals at the time scale of our measurements, with atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results suggesting gold surface etching due to the presence of CN− ions in case of [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe (CN)6]4−. Although the hexaammineruthenium complex showed stable electrochemical behaviour at all stages of biosensor development, changes in CV and EIS readings after each surface modifications were insignificant. PBS buffer as a non‐Faradaic medium, was found to provide reliable systems for electrochemical probing of modified gold electrodes with Or35a/liposomes in aqueous media. Using this system, we have shown that this novel biosensor can detect its known odorant E2‐hexenal selectively compared to methyl salicylate down to femtomolar concentration.
Effect of Power Density on the Electrochemical Properties of Undoped Amorphous Carbon (a‐C) Thin Films
Authors: Palomäki Tommi , Caro Miguel A. , Wester Niklas , Sainio Sami , Etula Jarkko , Johansson Leena‐Sisko , Han Jeon G. , Koskinen Jari , Laurila Tomi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUndoped a‐C thin films were deposited with varying power density from 10 to 25 W/cm2 using unbalanced closed‐field magnetron sputtering (CFUBMS). The effect of power density on the physical and electrochemical properties was investigated by experimental characterization methods and atomistic simulations. XPS indicated that the films were composed mostly of sp2‐bonded carbon (55–58 at.%) with a small amount of oxygen (8–9 at.%) in the surface region. The films appeared completely amorphous in XRD. The ID/IG ratio obtained by Raman spectroscopy indicated an increase from 1.76 to 2.34 with power density. The experimental and simulated data suggested a possible ordering and/or clustering of the sp2 phase with power density as the cause of the improved electrical properties of the a‐C films. The electrochemical properties of a‐C were between those of glassy carbon and tetrahedral amorphous carbon with potential windows ranging from 2.77 to 2.93 V and double‐layer capacitance values around 0.90 μF cm−2. Electron transfer for Ru(NH3)63+/2+ and FcMeOH+1/0 was reversible whereas that for IrCl62−/3− was quasi‐reversible. Peak potential separation of dopamine and oxidation potential of ascorbic acid decreased with power density, correlating with the structural and electrical changes of the films. The a‐C thin films deposited by CFUBMS are inherently conductive and their physical properties can be adjusted by varying the deposition parameters to a wide range of electrochemical applications.
The degree of substitution affects the enantioselectivity of sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases
Authors: Folprechtová Denisa , Kalíková Květa , Kozlík Petr , Tesařová Eva 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThree chiral stationary phases were prepared by dynamic coating of sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin (SBE‐β‐CD) with different degrees of substitution, onto strong anion‐exchange stationary phases. The enantioselective potential and stability of newly prepared chiral stationary phases were examined using a set of structurally different chiral analytes. Measurements were performed in RP‐HPLC. Mobile phases consisted of methanol/formic acid, pH 2.10, and methanol/10 mM ammonium acetate buffer, pH 4.00, in various volume ratios. SBE‐β‐CDs with degrees of substitution (DS) 4, 6.3, and 10 proved suitable for the enantioseparation of 14, 11, and 8 analytes, respectively. The SBE‐β‐CD DS 4 based chiral stationary phase enabled the enantioseparation of the nearly all basic and neutral compounds. Chiral stationary phases with higher sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin substitution (especially DS 10) yielded higher enantioresolution values for acidic compounds.