bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Several Androgens and Steroid Metabolites on Erythropoietin Production in the Isolated Perfused Dog Kidney
Authors: Paulo Luiz G. , Fink Gregory D. , Roh Byung L. , Fisher James W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In an attempt to clarify the role of the kidney in the action of several androgens and steroid metabolites on erythropoietin (ESF) production, ESF titers were measured in perfusates of isolated kidneys from dogs previously exposed to 4-hr hypoxia and perfused with blood containing testosterone (Test), 5α-17β-hydroxyandrostan-3-one (5αDHT), 5β-17β-hydroxyandrostan-3-one (5βDHT), 19-nortestosterone (19-nor), oxymetholone (Oxy), fluoxymesterone (Fluoxy), 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnane, 11,20-dione (3αOH5βpreg), or 3β-hydroxy-5β-pregnane-20-one (3βOH-5 preg). ESF levels in the perfusates were assayed in exhypoxic polycythemic mice. Test, 5αDHT, oxy, fluoxy, and 3βOH5β-preg were found to produce a significant increase in ESF levels in the kidney perfusates. 5βDHT, 19-nor, and 3αOH5βpreg failed to produce a significant elevation in erythropoietin titers in the perfusates of the isolated perfused kidneys. These data suggest that the 4-5 double bond and the spatial configuration of the hydrogen at the 5 position as well as the lack of a methyl group in the 19 position of the basic androstan nucleus are important in the ability of these steroids to stimulate kidney production of ESF.
Juvenile "Chronic Granulocytic" Leukemia: A Panmyelopathy With Prominent Monocytic Involvement and Circulating Monocyte Colony-forming Cells
Authors: Altman Arnold J. , Palmer Catherine G. , Baehner Robert L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Peripheral blood (PB) from two children with so-called juvenile-type (Ph1 chromosome negative) "chronic granulocytic" leukemia (CGL) was found to contain cells capable of forming large numbers of exclusively monocytic colonies in vitro. These results are markedly different from those reported for classic adult-type (Ph1 chromosome positive) CGL where predominantly granulocytic colonies are produced in vitro from PB. Spontaneously dividing PB and bone marrow (BM) cells from one patient contained a translocation between chromosome 3 and a C-group chromosome; phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PB cells from this patient had normal chromosome morphology, however. Since the translocation was present in 141 of 142 karyotypes from the BM at a time when it contained many dividing erythroid and myeloid cells, the pathologic process is not exclusively confined to the monocyte line, but involves all hematopoietic cells. So-called juvenile CGL is neither a chronic nor a granulocytic leukemia; it is a panmyelopathy with monocyte predominance and should thus be classified as a variant of myelomonocytic leukemia.
Lymphoid Nodules of Bone Marrow: Normal and Abnormal
Authors: Rywlin Arkadi M. , Ortega Rolando S. , Dominguez Carlos J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A study of consecutive bone marrow aspirates from 365 patients without lymphoproliferative disorder, ten patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and 25 patients with malignant lymphoma disclosed a clear separation of normal from abnormal lymphoid nodules (LN). Normal LN were found in 47% of patients and were classified into lymphoid follicles and lymphoid infiltrates. A new entity, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH), was diagnosed on ten bone marrows which contained a low-power field displaying four or more lymphoid nodules or showed a lymphoid nodule larger than 0.6 mm. The clinical significance of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia remains unknown; in certain cases it represents a precursor state of a mature lymphocytic lymphoproliferative disorder. Nodular aggregates in CLL are of the infiltrate type and exhibit a tendency to confluence. Eleven of the 25 patients with malignant lymphoma displayed lymphoreticular nodules which were cytologically similar to the original lymphoma and different from normal LN. Two patients, one with reticulum cell sarcoma and one with Hodgkin’s disease, showed NLH of the bone marrow. Bone marrow LN in patients with an established diagnosis of mature lymphocytic lymphoma have to be interpreted with the utmost caution. Confluence of LN, irregular shapes, and the presence of prolymphocytes and lymphoblasts speak for lymphomatous nodules. Additional clinicopathologic studies are necessary to sharpen the distinction between NLH and well-differentiated lymphoproliferative disorders.
A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Spleen
Authors: Weiss Leon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The reticulum and vascular sinuses of the normal rat spleen were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Observations were also made of erythrocytes, macrophages, platelets, and other migratory elements. Reticular cells of the periarterial lymphatic sheath, the marginal zone, and cordal spaces were large, bulky, irregular cells with broad processes that formed a spongework. When marked retraction of these cells was induced in the drying phase of tissue preparation, they showed the slender multiple fingerlike processes characteristic of the argyrophilic reticulum. The reticular cells at the periphery of the periarterial lymphatic sheath were flattened and formed cylinders about the central artery. They were, moreover, associated with unusually heavy extracellular fibers. Vascular sinuses were suspended in the reticulum by attachments of cordal reticular cells and of fibrillar reticulum to the adventitial surface. Adventitial cells of the sinus, moreover, branched into the cords. Endothelial cells typically lay side by side without gaps, except as migratory cells passed through the wall. Erythrocytes were commonly observed in passage across the sinus wall. In sinuses and cords, they were often swollen, irregular, and bore blebs and crenulations. Macrophages displayed rich surface folds and processes. Platelets were abundant and were adherent to the surface of reticular cells and the endothelium of sinuses. Such adherence appeared to be the manner in which the platelets were sequestered in the spleen.
Comparison of Normal and CLL Lymphocyte Surface Ig Determinants Using Peroxidase-labeled Antibodies. I. Detection and Quantitation of Light Chain Determinants
Authors: Ternynck Thérsèse , Dighiero Guillermo , Follezou Jean , Binet Jacques-Louis 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and normal human blood lymphocytes were investigated with regard to their membrane-associated light (L) chains. Peroxidase-labeled anti-kappa or anti-lambda antibodies were used to visualize by light microscopy the cells bearing L chain determinants. In addition, the activity of the enzyme coupled to the antibody was measured spectrophotometricly in order to determine the number of antigenic determinants on each positive cell. The results demonstrated that 16%-25% of lymphocytes from six normal control subjects were positive for kappa chains, and 4%-10% were positive for lambda chains. The average number of antigenic sites on the surface of each positive cell was calculated to be 90,000. Lymphocytes of each of the 14 CLL patients studied carried either kappa or lambda antigenic determinants on their surface, but not both; 50%-70% of the lymphocytes were stained. The average number of antigenic sites per positive CLL was calculated to be 9000. These results confirm previously reported studies indicating that CLL is a monoclonal proliferative disease. In addition, the quantitative results demonstrate that the CLL lymphocyte surface membrane bears, on the average, only 10% of the L chain determinants present on the normal lymphocyte.
Acetylation and Methylation of Histones in Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Kass Lawrence 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Acetylation and methylation of erythroid histones was investigated in two patients with pernicious anemia before and after treatment with vitamin B12 in vivo. It was found that vitamin B12 facilitated both acetylation and methylation of histones. Electrophoresis of amino acids obtained from histone hydrolysates prior to treatment with vitamin B12 demonstrated that lysine was present as I-lysine. After treatment with vitamin B12, most of the lysine appeared as methyl-I-lysine. Whether this biochemical lesion is specific for vitamin B12 deficiency or also occurs in folic acid deficiency awaits future studies.
Treatment of Established Human Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Antithymocyte Globulin
Authors: Storb R. , Gluckman E. , Thomas E. D. , Buckner C. D. , Cliff R. A. , Fefer A. , Glucksberg H. , Graham T. C. , Johnson F. L. , Lerner K. G. , Neiman P. E. , Ochs H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Forty successful marrow grafts have been carried out since April 1972 for the treatment of severe refractory aplastic anemia or acute leukemia. All patients were HL-A identical and nonreactive in mixed leukocyte culture tests with the marrow donor. Nineteen of the patients developed moderately severe to severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and were treated with rabbit or goat antihuman antithymocyte globulin (ATG). Under ATG therapy, 12 of the 19 showed complete resolution of GVHD, five showed improvement of most organ systems involved, and two showed no change except for improvement in skin lesions. Six of the 19 became long-term survivors. Five of the six are alive between 276 and 629 days after grafting, and one died on day 346 with chronic respiratory failure. Of the remaining 13 patients, 11 died with interstitial pneumonitis of predominantly viral etiology, and two died with fungal and bacterial infections. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the relative effectiveness of ATG in reversing human GVHD. Death with interstitial pneumonitis was the single most serious impediment to successful treatment of GVHD by ATG.
Cytochemical and Morphologic Identification of Macrophages and Eosinophils in Tissue Cultures of Normal Human Bone Marrow
Authors: Shoham D. , David E. Ben , Rozenszajn L. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
When normal human bone marrow cells are cultured in soft agar, in the presence of human spleen-conditioned medium, two types of colonies could be recognized by means of the inverted microscope: large colonies consisting of macrophages— monocytes, and small colonies consisting of eosinophils. In the two types of colonies, cells developing from blasts to mature cells could be recognized by their morphologic and cytochemical properties. The identification of macrophage-monocytes and of eosinophils was based on light, phase-contrast, and electron microscopy, the strong positive reaction of α-naphthyl acetate esterase in the macrophage-monocyte, and the positive stain with Luxol Fast Blue, eosin, and peroxidase of the eosinophils.
The Effect of Corticotropin on Mouse Spleen Colony-forming Cells
Authors: Reed Robert E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Several investigators have reported a reduction in the number of colony-forming units (CFU) in the spleens of mice exposed to hypoxia and have postulated that this is secondary to a direct toxic effect of hypoxemia on the CFU. To test the hypothesis that at least part of this effect could be secondary to the stress of the hypoxic exposure, mice were given 12 consecutive daily injections of corticotropin (ACTH), and the number of spleen and marrow CFU were assayed by the spleen colony technique. There was a marked decrease in spleen CFU in these mice when compared with control animals, but marrow CFU were not reduced. These tesults indicate that part of the effect of hypoxemia on CFU may be secondary to the stress of the exposure and suggest that spleen CFU are sensitive to steroid hormones. Further investigation of this and other differences between spleen and marrow CFU could lead to a better understanding of stem cell differentiation.
Hereditary Stomatocytosis With Hemolytic Anemia in the Dog
Authors: Pinkerton Peter H. , Fletch Sheilah M. , Brueckner Peter J. , Miller Denis R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An autosomal recessive mutant (symbol, dan) in the dog causes chondrodysplastic dwarfism and mild anemia as pleiotropic effects. The anemia is characterized by stomatocytosis, macrocytosis, low MCHC, increased osmotic fragility, shortened red cell survival, reticulocytosis, erythroid hyperplasia, and increased iron turnover. Minor changes can be detected in the red cells of heterozygous carriers of the dan gene, but red cell survival is normal and chondrodysplasia is not present. Red cell sodium concentration and water content are increased in anemic dogs and to a lesser degree in carriers. Glutathione deficiency is present. The disorder described here resembles a number of human hemolytic anemias with stomatocytosis, glutathione deficiency, and disordered red cell cation and water content, and further study of the dan mutant, together with investigations of the hereditary human conditions, will elucidate the maintenance of normal red cell cation balance.
Concanavalin A Inhibition of Tissue Factor (Thromboplastin) Activity
Authors: Zacharski L. R. , Rosenstein R. , Phillips P. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies with the jackbean lectin, concanavalin A, were undertaken to clarify the relationship between tissue factor and the cell membrane of cultured fibroblasts. Concanavalin A blocks the coagulant activity of tissue factor of cultured human skin fibroblasts and also rabbit brain. The inhibitory effect, which is dose-dependent and reversed by alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside, cannot be explained by an effect on other reactants necessary for clot formation. These results support the contention that tissue factor is located on the cell surface. Since concanavalin A does not affect adhesion-related phenomena in cultured cells, these results also suggest that tissue factor produced by trypsinized fibroblasts is a consequence rather than the cause of cell adhesion and that tissue factor is not synonymous with the adhesive site on the cell surface.
Ferritin iron absorption in man
Authors: Layrisse M , Martinez-Torres C , Renzy M , Leets I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The iron absorption from ferritin and hemosiderin biosynthetically labeled with radioiron was studied in 108 subjects. The geometric mean absorption of ferritin iron in both normal and iron-deficient subjects was 1.9 percent. Its mean absorption ranged from 0.9 percent in normal subjects to 2.5 percent in subjects with moderate iron deficiency and 5.7 percent in subjects with marked iron deficiency. The administration of this iron compound with vegetals in a meal showed distinctly lower absorption values than the absorption from either maize, wheat, or soybean. Ferritin iron absorption was also different from that of ferric chloride when they were administered together as a drink or mixed with maize or liver. The iron absorption from ferritin was markedly increased when it was administered with either meat or liver, but it did not reach the absorption level of these foods. It is still to be elucidated whether the difference in iron absorption between ferritin and vegetable foods administered together reflect that this iron is incompletely miscible with a nonheme iron pool or that it really forms a third iron pool.
A clinical study of the lupus anticoagulant
Authors: Schleider MA , Nachman RL , Jaffe EA , Coleman M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eighty-three patients with circulating anticoagulants were studied at The New York Hospital. The lupus-type anticoagulant, an inhibitor of the prothrombin activator complex, was demonstrated in 58 patients. The inhibitor was identified using the blood and tissue thromboplastin inhibition tests. Inhibition by the lupus anticoagulant was augmented in 67% of these patients by a cofactor present in normal plasma. The lupus inhibitor was detected primarily because of an unsuspected abnormal coagulation test. One-half of the patients with the lupus-type anticoagulant did not have systemic lupus erythematosus.
Aplastic anemia treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a report on 49 new cases from Seattle
Authors: Storb R , Thomas ED , Weiden PL , Buckner CD , Clift RA , Fefer A , Fernando LP , Giblett ER , Goodell BW , Johnson FL , Lerner KG , Neiman PE , Sanders JE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Forty-nine patients with severe aplastic anemia, 33 due to unknown cause, 11 drug or chemical related, 2 associated with hepatitis, 1 with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and 2 possibly associated with Fanconi syndrome did not show recovery after 0.5–96 (median 2) mo of conventional therapy. Twenty-two were infected and 21 were refractory to random platelet transfusions at the time of admission. All were given marrow grafts from HLA-identical siblings. Forty-five were conditioned for grafting by cyclophosphamide (CY), 50 mg/kg on each of 4 successive days, and four by 1000 rad total body irradiation. All were given intermittent methotrexate therapy within the first 100 days of grafting to modify graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Three patients died from infection too early to evaluate (days 1–8). Forty-six had marrow engraftment. Of these, 20 are surviving with good peripheral blood counts between 186 and 999 days, and 18 have returned to normal activities. Chronic GCHD is a problem in five. Twelve patients died of infection following rejection of the marrow graft. Twelve patients died with bacterial or fungal infections or interstitial pneumonia and active GVHD or soon following resolution of GVHD. Two patients died with marrow engraftment and no GVHD, one with an interstitial, and the other with a bacterial pneumonia. Thirty-six patients who had received random donor blood transfusions were randomly assigned to receive either CY or procarbazine-antithymocyte globulin-CY as conditioning regimens to test whether the incidence of graft rejection could be decreased. There was no difference in the incidence of graft rejection between the two regimens. In 13 patients with rejection, second transplants were attempted either with the original marrow donor (9 patients) or another HLA-identical sibling (4 patients). Three of these transplants were not evaluable, seven were unsuccessful and three were successful with only one of the three surviving for more than 468 days. In conclusion, the long-term survival of 41% of the patients in the present study is similar to that achieved in our first 24 patients, and confirms the importance of marrow transplantation for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia. Marrow graft rejection, GVHD, and infections continue to be the major causes of failure.
Characterization of human anti-factor VIII antibodies purified by immune complex formation
Authors: Lavergne JM , Meyer D , Reisner H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Anti-factor VIII antibodies from three hemophilia A patients were selectively isolated by immune complex formation and secondary precipitation with polyethylene glycol. These antibodies were characterized as IgG, with only one type of light chains (kappa) and a mixture of IgG3 and IgG4 heavy chains. This finding indicated that stable complexes of factor VIII and homologous anti-factor VIII antibodies could be obtained, and that the immunologic response to the infusion of homologous factor VIII was oligoclonal rather than monoclonal in these patients.
Detection of factor VIII inhibitors with the partial thromboplastin time
Authors: Lossing TS , Kasper CK , Feinstein DI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Variations of the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were tested to determine the best screening method for detection of inhibitors of factor VIII. Variables tested included the duration of preincubation of a mixture of patient plasma and factor VIII source (normal plasma), the ratio of the patient plasma to the normal plasma, and the duration of incubation of the normal plasma-patient plasma mixture with kaolin- cephalin suspension prior to recalcification. The following conclusions were reached: (1) The PTT performed on a mixture of equal amounts of patient and normal plasma without preincubation of the mixture was inadequate to detect many factor VIII inhibitors. (2) Factor VIII inhibitors of more than 0.5 Bethesda units could be detected if the PTT was performed on a mixture of four parts patient plasma and one part normal plasma, with preincubation of the mixture for 60 min at 37 degrees C. (3) Factor VIII inhibitors as weak as 0.1 Bethesda units could be detected if the PTT was performed on a mixture of four parts patient plasma and one part normal plasma incubated with kaolin- cephalin suspension for 120 min at 37 degrees C before recalcification. The last method may make detection of mild factor VIII inhibitors possible in routine clinical laboratories not equipped to perform the more technically difficult Bethesda inhibitor assays.
Frequencies of thalassemia in American blacks
Authors: Pierce HI , Kurachi S , Sofroniadou K , Stamatoyannopoulos G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The frequency of thalassemia was determined in a group of 541 healthy adult black males. Individuals with decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values were evaluated further with hemoglobin analysis, iron studies, and globin chain synthesis. Of the males screened, 13.4% had MCH levels below 27.0 pg, while 1.4% had heterozygous beta thalassemia, 2.3% had iron deficiency, and 5.7% had globin synthesis findings compatible with the diagnosis of alpha thalassemia trait (alpha thalassemia-1). This study suggests that thalassemia is one of the most frequent hematologically depictable abnormalities in American blacks.
BLOOD EXCHANGE IN REPLACEMENT TRANSFUSIONS
Authors: WASSERMAN L. R. , SHARNEY L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Theoretic effectiveness of different types of exchange transfusions has been determined.
2. Homogeneous and nonhomogeneous solutions used as the exchanging medium differ in final results obtained.
3. The final concentration of original eryrthrocytes (in per cent of total red cells in the circulation) diminishes as the ratio of donor to patient’s initial hematocrit increases for the same volume exchange.
4. Final hematocrit values may be obtained from the calculated data.
5. Optimum considerations for exchange transfusions are discussed.
CHRONIC MARROW FAILURE, MYELOSCLEROSIS AND EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMATOPOIESIS
Authors: WYATT JOHN P. , SOMMERS SHELDON C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thirty cases, including 20 autopsied, of chronic bone marrow failure, myelosclerosis and osteosclerosis have been presented and compared with similar reports in the literature. The bone marrow histopathologic sequence observed involved repeated necrobiosis of maturing hematopoietic cells, followed by overgrowth of marrow reticulum and frequent ossification. Immature erythrocytes and leukocytes were often found in the circulation, and extrameduallary hematopoiesis was characteristic. One case was complicated by leukemia. Etiologic factors implicated included exogenous toxic chemicals, liver dysfunction, endocrine abnormalities, blood loss or destruction and cardiovascular disease. Suspicion was directed toward the pathogenetic importance of protracted bone marrow exposure to certain substances normally conjugated rapidly in the liver and excreted.
ERYTHROPHAGOCYTOSIS IN HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
Authors: COOPER MARY B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Blood smears of 27 cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn were studied intensively for erythrophagocytes. In 25 cases, the smears were positive for this phenomenon.
In a control series of 30 normal newborn infants, these cells were not found.
Prolonged search and optimum magnification of the smears were important factors in determining the presence or absence of erythrophagocytes in the cases under study.