bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypolipidemic action of the meat product: in vivo study
Authors: Chernukha Irina , Fedulova Liliya , Kotenkova Elena 
Published: August 2018

Results of meat product influence on the serum lipid profile of hyperlipidemic rats are presented. Meat product for specialized nutrition content porcine aortas and hearts in ratio 1:3. Thirty male Wistar rats (380 ±20 g) aged approximately 1 year were kept in conventional standard conditions; water and feed were available ad libitum. Animals were randomly divided in 3 groups: group 1 - negative control (n=10); group 2 - positive control (n=10) and group 3 - experimental animals (n=10). Animals in group 2 and 3 were modeled an alimentary hyperlipidemia by adding cholesterol, fat and vitamin D2 into diet. After modeling, rats in group 2 were fed with standard chow, in group 3 - meat product (8g/kg b.w.) with standard chow. On the 42nd day serum lipid profile was investigated and immunoassay was carried out. It was found that the developed meat product given to the hyperlipidemic rats led to a decrease in the concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides and atherogenic fractions of lipoproteins by 31.8% (p <0.05), 28.2% and 2.4 times (p <0.05), respectively. Estimation of the concentration changes in apolipoproteins, forming lipoprotein particles, allowed to indirectly determining the main lipoprotein reduction that contributed to the total decrease in the atherogenic index of serum, which reached 41.3% (p <0.05). Previous proteomic study revealed the presence of a number of specific proteins and peptides in tissues of porcine aortas and heart. The hypothesis that tissue-specific proteins could decomposed into active peptides with antiatherogenic action is considered.
Um departamento municipal no ultramar francês: o cosmopolitismo de José Arthur Giannotti
Authors: Rodrigues Lidiane Soares 
Published: August 2018

Ao recuperar uma das numerosas tramas do intercâmbio estabelecido entre a França e o Brasil, este artigo propõe uma análise das relações de dominação simbólica no plano internacional, tendo como eixo a Filosofia, enquanto disciplina universitária. A exposição caracteriza o espaço de circulação internacional dos filósofos paulistas entre as décadas de 1930 e 1970, tendo em vista os seguintes agentes e instituições: de um lado, Gilles-Gaston Granger e a Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Rennes; do outro, João Cruz Costa e os alunos da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCL-USP), por ele selecionados para ir à França. Em seguida, contrasta a posição da Filosofia no conjunto das disciplinas dos dois pólos desse circuito, com o objetivo de caracterizar algumas tensões da colaboração estabelecida entre ambos. Propondo uma verticalização analítica, dedica-se ao estágio acadêmico de José Arthur Giannotti, realizado entre 1956 e 1958. O caso é pródigo para a investigação das assimetrias globais no plano da cultura acadêmica. Se a esfera econômica e a política são determinantes evidentes das diferenças entre os países em escala global, o mesmo pode ser verificado no plano da cultura e da ciência. Contudo, ela adquire delimitação específica conforme às práticas da produção simbólica.
O meio de ter ideias imprevistas: Lévi-Strauss, fichas e fichários
Authors: Valentini Luísa 
Published: August 2018

Lévi-Strauss fala sobre o uso de fichas e fichários como artefatos mediadores de sistematizações antropológicas desde a sua vinda a São Paulo em 1935 até a fundação do Laboratório de Antropologia Social em 1960. Suas diferentes figurações deste artefato de papel oferecem uma perspectiva rica sobre a produção do saber antropológico, de suas modalidades de hipotetização e teste, e de sua institucionalidade, e figuram a ele, reciprocamente, não apenas como grande autor, mas como homem de instituição. Uma aproximação à noções peircianas de signo e de abdução permite, ainda, vislumbrar uma abordagem genética sobre o conhecimento antropológico, e convidar à consideração do uso de artefatos de papel na produção da evidenciação e do rigor na disciplina.
Métodos, debates e projetos: as atuações do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro na educação (1900-1930) / Methods, debates and projects: the activities of the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute in education (1900-1930)
Authors: Melo Thaís De 
Published: August 2018

Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados da trajetória de pesquisa sobre a presença do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB) na Educação . Dentre os aspectos abordados estão as contribuições do instituto para a construção de conhecimentos sobre a História da Educação no Brasil; as relações dos sócios do instituto com instituições de ensino e órgãos administrativos da educação; e os projetos de criação de cursos da Academia de Altos Estudos. Nesse sentido, propomos considerar o IHGB como um lugar de poder atuante nos conflitos políticos relativos ao campo educacional e como instância produtora de políticas e projetos educacionais no início do século XX. Como fontes para essas questões foram utilizadas publicações e atas da Revista do IHGB, bem como documentos de arquivos de instituições relacionadas e periódicos existentes durante o recorte.* * *This article presents some results of the research trajectory on the teaching of the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute (IHGB) in education. Among the addressed projects are the Institute's contributions to the construction of knowledge about the history of education in Brazil; the relations of the members of the Institute with educational institutions and administrative organs of education and the projects of creation of courses and the Academy of High Studies. In this sense, we propose to consider the IHGB as a place of power that is active in political conflicts related to the educational field, and as a producer of policies and educational projects in the early twentieth century. As sources for these issues, publications and minutes of the IHGB Review were used as well as archives of related and periodical institutions existing during the period.
Affidavit présenté dans le cadre de la plainte devant la Cour fédérale du Commissaire aux langues officielles du Canada visant les compressions budgétaires de Cbef Windsor
Authors: Laflamme Simon 
Published: August 2018

L’affidavit que publie ici Simon Laflamme a été utilisé par le Commissariat aux langues officielles pour appuyer la cause qu’il défendait contre la Société Radio-Canada. À la suite des compressions budgétaires de 2009 dont elle avait été victime, la société d’État réduisait fortement sa programmation à la station de radio Cbef de Windsor. Ce document rappelle quelques principes sur le rapport entre les communautés et leurs médias en insistant sur les conditions de la postmodernité et sur la situation des populations minoritaires, notamment sur celle de la francophonie canadienne ; il distingue le rôle des médias généralistes de celui des médias spécialisés en insistant sur l’importance pour une population donnée de produire des messages médiatiques pour elle-même ; il met en évidence la dynamique entre démographie, culture, médias et économie ; il évoque une série de travaux empiriques sur les médias qui permettent aussi bien de comprendre le cas franco-ontarien dans son ensemble que de saisir la spécificité de la communauté francophone du sud-ouest de la province.
Trois historiens de la « transition ». Mutations identitaires et historiographie en Acadie, en Ontario français et au Manitoba français, 1970-2000
Authors: Frenette Yves 
Published: August 2018

Yves Frenette
, qui en est à sa cinquième participation aux Cahiers Charlevoix, propose un regard comparatif de l’historiographie dans trois aires de la francophonie canadienne entre 1970 et 2000. Au cours de cette
période de transition
, les identités traditionnelles acadienne et canadienne-française déclinent progressivement au profit de nouvelles identités francophones provincialisées. Il s’attache à trois historiens qui sont aussi des intellectuels enracinés dans leur milieu : Léon Thériault au Nouveau-Brunswick, Gaétan Gervais en Ontario et Robert Painchaud au Manitoba. Les deux premiers se rejoignent dans leur quête d’autonomie pour les Acadiens et les Franco-Ontariens – autonomie politique pour Thériault, autonomie institutionnelle pour Gervais
; i
ls font ressortir des filiations qui, seules, garantissent un avenir
établi
sur des assises solides. Dans un contexte fort différent, surtout en raison de la situation très minoritaire des francophones de la Prairie, Painchaud étudie la thématique historique de l’immigration, prône l’ouverture à l’autre et appuie les nouvelles politiques fédérales et provinciales de multiculturalisme.
La chanson française de tradition orale en Ontario : données, tendances, état du répertoire
Authors: Bénéteau Marcel 
Published: August 2018

L’étude de Marcel Bénéteau fait le bilan de la chanson traditionnelle française en Ontario et trace son évolution dans le temps et l’espace. L’auteur décrit le travail qu’il a entrepris pour déterminer en premier lieu en quoi consiste le répertoire de l’Ontario français ; à cette fin, il précise quelles sont ses balises historiques et géographiques (où et quand le répertoire s’est-il implanté sur le territoire ?) et ce qu’il comprend au juste (combien de chansons ? quelles chansons ? quelles catégories de chansons ?). Pour ce faire, il a dû s’astreindre à dépouiller les divers fonds d’archives disponibles afin de repérer, identifier et cataloguer plus de 12 000 versions de chansons recueillies en Ontario depuis la fin du xixe siècle, un travail de longue haleine qui a occupé l’auteur au cours des dix dernières années. Le résultat – premiers jalons d’un catalogue de la chanson traditionnelle française en Ontario – permet de décrire avec précision la richesse et la diversité du répertoire tout en tenant compte de ses particularités régionales et de ses apports au fonds commun que partagent les francophones des deux côtés de l’Atlantique.
La formation d’une identité juive américaine
Authors: Robinson Ira 
Published: August 2018

Un des développements les plus importants dans le judaïsme américain du xxe siècle est la montée du judaïsme conservateur, une interprétation américaine distincte du judaïsme rabbinique. Le processus par lequel le judaïsme conservateur a émergé dans le judaïsme américain comme un mouvement clairement distinct de l’orthodoxie — qui lui-même émerge du judaïsme traditionnel des immigrants juifs — date essentiellement de la période 1920-1950. Le présent article est une étude de l’un des incidents marquants de cette émergence : le cas du rabbin Salomon Goldman et du Jewish Center [JC] de Cleveland, Ohio. Le rabbin Goldman a été l’instigateur des changements rituels et architecturaux dans sa congrégation qui sont devenus synonymes du judaïsme conservateur mais ces changements étaient contestés par des éléments traditionalistes au sein de la synagogue. L’affaire a été devant les tribunaux et a fait sensation aux États-Unis. Cet article se fonde sur des documents d’archives récemment découverts. Il contribue à une compréhension plus nuancée de l’émergence du judaïsme conservateur de l’orthodoxie au début du xxe siècle.
Regard et prédation dans Film de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Brown Llewellyn 
Published: August 2018

Si la problématique du regard est capitale chez Beckett, c’est dans son unique film – au titre rhématique – qu’il en fait le moteur d’une poursuite. En abordant un nouveau médium, il reprend un dispositif ancien reposant sur la représentation de l’« espace parcourable », composant l’espace de la quête. Le recours au célèbre Buster Keaton est solidaire de ce choix qui fait du film une fable. Si un dispositif « théorique » (Berkeley) est mobilisé par Beckett, le regard est lu ici en tant qu’objet, tel qu’il a été théorisé par Lacan, selon lequel chacun est soumis à un regard omnivoyeur, avant d’être constitué comme sujet. Beckett considère la caméra comme une instance pénétrante et impersonnelle. Dans Film, on voit la réalité constituée par l’imaginaire céder devant l’intrusion de ce regard. En l’absence d’un regard d’assentiment originel de la part de l’Autre, le sujet beckettien demeure irrémédiablement scindé, ce qui permet, dans cette oeuvre, de faire du regard un « personnage » à part entière : l’Oeil de la caméra, qui poursuit le personnage, appelé Objet (O). Le premier est subjectivité sans forme visible, le second est visibilité sans intériorité. Alors, au lieu d’être refoulé, le regard menace constamment de surgir dans le champ du visible. La fuite conduit le personnage à la chambre maternelle. Mais ce refuge ne permet pas de résolution, parce que le regard fait partie de la subjectivité du personnage. Le lieu d’une intériorité voulue parfaite révèle une brèche irrémédiable. Celle-ci offre un point d’ancrage, lieu d’une subjectivité impossible à effacer, et où le regard angoissant prend enfin la forme visible du double qui observe O en silence. Le spectateur trouve sa place mise en jeu : regardant ce film muet qui marque l’impossibilité de la communication et de l’identification, il occupe les places d’observateur et d’observé.
From command-line bioinformatics to bioGUI
Authors: Joppich Markus , Zimmer Ralf 
Published: August 2018

Bioinformatics is a highly interdisciplinary field providing applications for scientists from many disciplines. Installing and starting applications on the command-line (CL) is a problem for many scientists, nonetheless, most methods are implemented with a CL interface only. Providing a GUI for bioinformatics applications is one step towards routinely making CL-only applications available to more scientists, and, thus towards a more effective interdisciplinary work.
We identified two main problems for conveniently using CL bioinformatic tools: First, many tools work on UNIX-systems only, while many scientists use Microsoft Windows. Second, scientists refrain from using command-line tools which, however, could well support them in their research. Both issues are addressed by bioGUI.
The bioGUI framework provides easy means to make CL tools available for most scientists, especially making use of Windows Subsystem for Linux, which provides a native Ubuntu bash on Windows. In addition, bioGUI templates are easily created (automatically), making this framework highly rewarding for developers. The bioGUI repository allows to install and use bioinformatics tools with just a few clicks.
Retracted: The PI3K/AKT axis modulates AATF activity in Wilms’ tumor cells
Authors: Jing Peng , Zou Jiaqiong , Weng Kegui , Peng Pei 
Published: August 2018

Previous studies have reported excessive expression of apoptosis‐antagonizing transcription factor (AATF) in various tumors, where it reinforces the generation and development of cancers and is linked to the clinical outcome. Nevertheless, the expression and influence of AATF in Wilms’ tumor (WT) is largely unknown. Here, we discovered that AATF expression was markedly increased in WT tissues as compared to the surrounding normal tissues. Elevated levels of AATF expression were related to tumor relapse and pulmonary metastasis, congruent with it being a predictor of clinical outcome in people suffering from WT. Proliferation, invasion, and migration of WT cells were suppressed by knockdown of AATF and promoted by AATF overexpression in vitro. Furthermore, the tumor generation capability of WT cells noticeably decreased after knockout of AATF in vivo. The phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway modulated the activity of AATF in WT. The findings of our study indicate that AATF expression is increased in WT and can serve as a predictor of clinical outcome; in addition, it may enhance the development of WT via the PI3K/AKT axis and may be a promising marker for WT diagnosis and therapy.
Dosimetric comparison of pencil beam and Monte Carlo algorithms in conformal lung radiotherapy
Authors: Elcim Yelda , Dirican Bahar , Yavas Omer 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeIn this study, lung radiotherapy target volumes as well as critical organs such as the lungs, spinal cord, esophagus, and heart doses calculated using pencil beam (PB) and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm‐based treatment planning systems (TPSs) were compared. The main aim was the evaluation of calculated dose differences between the PB and MC algorithms in a highly heterogeneous medium.MethodsA total of 6 MV photon energy conformal treatment plans were created for a RANDO lung phantom using one PB algorithm‐based Precise Plan Release 2.16 TPS and one MC algorithm‐based Monaco TPS. Thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) were placed into appropriate slices within the RANDO phantom and then irradiated with an Elekta‐Synergy® Linear Accelerator for dose verification. Doses were calculated for the V5, V10, V20, and mean lung doses (MLDs) in bilateral lungs and D50, D98, D2, and mean doses in the target volume (planning target volume, PTV).ResultsThe minimum, maximum, and mean doses of the target volumes and critical organs in two treatment plans were compared using dose volume histograms (DVHs). The mean dose difference between the PB and MC algorithms for the PTV was 0.3%, whereas the differences in V5, V10, V20, and MLD were 12.5%, 15.8%, 14.4%, and 9.1%, respectively. The differences in PTV coverage between the two algorithms were 0.9%, 2.7% and 0.7% for D50, D98 and D2, respectively.ConclusionsA comparison of the dose data acquired in this study reveals that the MC algorithm calculations are closer to the 60 Gy prescribed dose for PTV, while the difference between the PB and MC algorithms was found to be non‐significant. Because of the major difference arising from the dose calculation techniques by TPS that was observed in the MLD with significant medium heterogeneity, we recommend the use of the MC algorithm in such heterogeneous sites.
Fe, Cu‐Coordinated ZIF‐Derived Carbon Framework for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Jin Huihui , Meng Tian , Liao Ke , Meng Wenqian , Yang Jinlong , He Daping , Xiong Yuli , Mu Shichun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractZeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) offer rich platforms for rational design and construction of high‐performance nonprecious‐metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts owing to their flexibility, hierarchical porous structures, and high surface area. Herein, an Fe, Cu‐coordinated ZIF‐derived carbon framework (Cu@Fe‐N‐C) with a well‐defined morphology of truncated rhombic dodecahedron is facilely prepared by introducing Fe2+ and Cu2+ during the growth of ZIF‐8, followed by pyrolysis. The obtained Cu@Fe‐N‐C, with bimetallic active sites, large surface area, high nitrogen doping level, and conductive carbon frameworks, exhibits excellent ORR performance. It displays 50 mV higher half‐wave potential (0.892 V) than that of Pt catalysts in an alkaline medium and comparable performance to Pt catalysts in an acidic medium. In addition, it also has excellent durability and methanol resistance ability in both acidic and alkaline solutions, which makes it one of the best Pt‐free catalysts reported to date for ORR. Impressively, when being employed as a cathode catalyst in zinc–air batteries, Cu@Fe‐N‐C presents a higher peak power density of 92 mW cm−2 than that of Pt/C (74 mW cm−2) as well as excellent durability.
Dynamic Microcapsules with Rapid and Reversible Permeability Switching
Authors: Werner Jörg G. , Deveney Brendan T. , Nawar Saraf , Weitz David A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDynamic microcapsules are reported that exhibit shell membranes with fast and reversible changes in permeability in response to external stimuli. A hydrophobic anhydride monomer is employed in the thiol–ene polymerization as a disguised precursor for the acid‐containing shells; this enables the direct encapsulation of aqueous cargo in the liquid core using microfluidic fabrication of water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double emulsion drops. The poly(anhydride) shells hydrolyze in their aqueous environment without further chemical treatment, yielding cross‐linked poly(acid) microcapsules that exhibit trigger‐responsive and reversible property changes. The microcapsule shell can actively be switched numerous times between impermeable and permeable due to the exceptional mechanical properties of the thiol–ene network that prevent rupture or failure of the membrane, allowing it to withstand the mechanical stresses imposed on the capsule during the dynamic property changes. The permeability and molecular weight cutoff of the microcapsules can dynamically be controlled with triggers such as pH and ionic environment. The reversibly triggered changes in permeability of the shell exhibit a response time of seconds, enabling actively adjustable release profiles, as well as on‐demand capture, trapping, and release of cargo molecules with molecular selectivity and fast on‐off rates.
Synchronous Tailoring Surface Structure and Chemical Composition of Li‐Rich–Layered Oxide for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Bing , Yang Xiukang , Jiang Xia , Zhang Yi , Shu Hongbo , Gao Ping , Liu Li , Wang Xianyou 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLi‐rich–layered oxide is considered to be one of the most promising cathode materials for high‐energy lithium ion batteries. However, it suffers from poor rate capability, capacity loss, and voltage decay upon cycling that limits its utilization in practical applications. Surface properties of Li‐rich–layered oxide play a critical role in the function of batteries. Herein, a novel and successful strategy for synchronous tailoring surface structure and chemical composition of Li‐rich–layered oxide is proposed. Poor nickel content on the surface of carbonate precursor is initially prepared by a facile treatment of NH3·H2O, which can retain at a certain low amount on the surface in the final lithiated Li‐rich–layered oxide after a solid‐phase reaction process. Moreover, a phase‐gradient outer layer with “layered‐coexisting phase‐spinel” structure toward to the outside surface is self‐induced and formed synchronously based on poor nickel surface of the precursor. Electrochemical tests reveal this unique surface enables excellent cycling stability, improved rate capability, and slight voltage decay of cathodes. The finding here sheds light on a universal principle both for masterly tailoring surface structure and chemical composition at the same time for improving electrochemical performance of electrode materials.
A Thermosetting Oil for Droplet‐Based Real‐Time Monitoring of Digital PCR and Cell Culture
Authors: Wu Wenshuai , Zhou Shufang , Hu Jiumei , Wang Guoping , Ding Xiong , Gou Tong , Sun Jingjing , Zhang Tao , Mu Ying 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReal‐time observation of small volumes helps to understand phenomena ranging from reaction kinetics to cellular heterogeneity. However, high‐throughput real‐time monitoring systems based on droplets are rarely reported due to droplet motion and coalescence. Herein, a thermosetting oil is developed as a continuous phase to solve these problems through transforming into elastic solid after droplet generation. The thermosetting oil consists of silicon oil, nonionic surfactant, vinyl silicone oil, hydrosilicone oil, and Pt catalyst. Using Pt as the catalyst, the polymerization of this mixture can be accomplished in 72 min and 37 s at 37 and 95 °C, respectively, based on the hydrosilation of vinyl silicone oil and hydrosilicone oil without other inducers (e.g., UV, Ca2+). Droplet‐based real‐time monitoring of digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cell culture is successfully achieved using this thermosetting oil, demonstrating that droplets motion and coalescence can be eliminated by the crosslinking material without the influence on bioreactions. In addition, the PCR products can be totally recovered from microcapsules created by this oil for further analysis. Thus, the newly developed oil allows real‐timely monitoring individual droplets in a high‐throughput manner, as well as has potential for other bioreactions and cell‐based assays.