bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USE OF ANTIMONY IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: RUBINSTEIN MICHAEL A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of antimony treatment (neostibosan) of multiple myeloma is described. The following observations are reported:
1. Control of bleeding. In one instance of multiple myeloma the presenting symptom was uncontrollable nosebleed of one and one-half years’ duration. The platelet count as well as the clotting and bleeding time were normal, the only abnormality was the failure of the clot to retract. It is possible that the latter abnormality was connected with the abnormal protein composition of the blood (hyperglobulinemia was found).2
Topical treatment, including repeated cauterizations and radium application to the nasal mucosa, remained without any effect, and constant packing and frequent transfusions were necessary. Following a course of neostibosan injections there was gradual diminution of the bleeding, and after one month complete cessation of bleeding was noted. Since that time (6 months at the time of writing) the bleeding did not recur, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. At the same time a moderate decrease of hyperglobulinemia was observed.
2. Reduction of hyperglobulinemia. In reviewing all other cases treated it was found that in all four instances with hyperglobulinemia there was reduction of the serum globulin content. When a few months later the hyperglobulinemia was rising, a repeated course of antimony was followed again by its reduction.
In three instances without hyperglobulinemia no change of serum globulin was noted following the antimony treatment. In four other cases the globulin changes were not followed.
3. Regression of palpable tumors. Three instances with visible tumors, a rather uncommon phenomenon in multiple myeloma, were observed.
Disappearance of the palpable tumors in two patients after combined antimony and radiotherapy was reported in a previous communication. In the present paper, almost complete disappearance of palpable tumors following antimony treatment alone without radiotherapy is reported.
With regard to these observations, the following reservations should be kept in mind:
1. In evaluating the influence of antimony on multiple myeloma it is necessary to realize the possibility of occasional spontaneous remissions in this disease, as well as of a prolonged course over a period of years with relative freedom from symptoms, and occasional sensitivity to radiation.
2. The number of observations is insufficient to warrant at this point conclusions as to the therapeutic value of antimony. They indicate merely a possible influence of antimony on the myeloma tissue and on the disturbed chemistry of myeloma.
Congenital Deficiency of Fibrin-stabilizing Factor (Factor XIII): A Report of Four Cases (Two Families) and Family Members
Authors: Aziz Mohammed A. , Siddiqui Azizur Rehman 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four patients with congenital deficiency of fibrin-stabilizing factor (factor XIII) from two families have been described. The mother and the sibs in one family and both parents in the other family were found to have varying degrees of factor XIII deficiency. The observations support the hypothesis of autosomal recessive inheritance of factor XIII deficiency.
Monocyte Function in Children With Neutropenia and Chronic Infections
Authors: Baehner Robert L. , Johnston Richard B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The phagocytic, bactericidal, and metabolic activities of monocytes from patients with congenital neutropenia were not significantly different than the activities of monocytes from patients with cyclic neutropenia or chronic infections. However, significant differences in metabolic, phagocytic, and bactericidal functions were found between monocytes from any source and normal neutrophils. During phagocytosis, monocytes produced more of the bactericidal product hydrogen peroxide than did neutrophils. However, monocytes in suspension had decreased phagocytic capacity compared to neutrophils and killed staphylococci less well. Moreover, monocytes had a diminished capacity to iodinate ingested bacteria. Quantitation of granular myeloperoxidase activity revealed that monocytes had a relative deficiency of this enzyme, which could explain the decreased iodination and killing of ingested bacteria by monocytes when compared to neutrophils. These findings offer an explanation for the failure of compensatory monocytosis to protect the host from bacterial infection when neutrophil reserves are diminished.
Migration of Long-lived Lymphocytes to the Bone Marrow and to Other Lymphomyeloid Tissues in Normal Parabiotic Guinea Pigs
Authors: Rosse Cornelius 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Guinea pigs, in which cells with long life span were selectively labeled (3H-thymidine), were joined in parabiosis to nonlabeled syngeneic litter mates at a time when label reutilization detectable by radioautography could be excluded. The distribution of labeled cells was investigated quantitatively using radioautography and liquid scintillation counting in the marrow and blood at the time of establishment of parabiosis and again at its termination 2 wk later, when the thoracic duct lymph, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus were also examined. Single animals labeled in the same manner served as controls. Of all cells with a slow rate of turnover and long life span, only small lymphocytes entered the circulation and crossed the anastomosis in detectable numbers. As indicated by the similar percentages of labeling in respective tissues, a complete intermixing of long-lived lymphocytes occurred in the bone marrow, lymph, lymph nodes, and spleen of the parabionts. The sum of the per cent labeled lymphocytes in two parabionts was in agreement with the extent of labeling in respective tissues of single controls. The presence of a minor population of lymphocytes with a long life span was confirmed in the marrow. Ten to 30 times as many labeled long-lived lymphocytes migrated into the bone marrow of initially unlabeled animals as were found in an equal volume of blood. The majority, if not all long-lived lymphocytes migrate to the marrow from the blood, and they also reenter the blood. They have a similar life span and in parabionts equilibrate in a similar manner as recirculating long-lived lymphocytes.
Proliferation of Human Bone Marrow Cells in Diffusion Chambers Implanted Into Normal or Irradiated Mice
Authors: Boyum Arne , Boecker Werner , Carsten Arland L. , Cronkite Eugene P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Diffusion chambers containing normal, human bone marrow cells were implanted in the abdominal cavity of normal and irradiated mice. Granulocytic cells and macrophages proliferated in the chambers. The number of cells in the granulocytic series recovered from the chambers dropped to 60% after 1 day; during the next 7 days it varied between 40% and 60% of the inoculated number of granulocytes, with no difference between irradiated and non-irradiated animals. From day 9 the yield of cells in granulocytic series increased in chambers from irradiated animals, and a higher percentage of cells were in the proliferating pool of the granulocytic series. Simultaneously, the cell yield in chambers from normal animals dropped markedly and consisted mostly of mature granulocytes. In both groups the percentage of eosinophilic cells increased significantly during the last part of the culture period. The enhanced growth in the irradiated mice suggests an increased self-renewal of granulocytic stem cells, leading to a larger yield of differentiated granulocytic cells later in the culture period. A shortened generation time and/or increased cloning efficiency of stem cells may also contribute to the enhanced granulocyte production. The suppression of the immune reactivity by irradiation of the host animals may allow better proliferation by delaying production of cytotoxic antibodies against the xenogenic human cells. The number of macrophages increased gradually, and there was no significant difference between irradiated and nonirradiated animals. The lymphocyte number decreased after implantation and varied between 30% and 50% of the inoculated number. From day 11, the lymphocyte number dropped more in normal animals than in irradiated animals.
Canine Hemophilia and Hemopoietic Grafting
Authors: Storb Rainer , Marchioro Thomas L. , Graham Theodore C. , Willemin Mary , Hougie Cecil , Thomas E. Donnall 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two hemophilic beagles were given 1200 R whole-body irradiation followed by a successful marrow graft from a normal sibling. During observation periods of 7 and 24 mo, there was no evidence of factor VIII synthesis.
Hemoglobin LeporeWASHINGTON in Two Jamaican Families: Interaction With Beta Chain Variants
Authors: Ahern E. J. , Ahern V. N. , Aarons G. H. , Jones R. T. , Brimhall B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hb Lepore Washington was found segregating in two unrelated families. In one family, three subjects doubly heterozygous for Hb Lepore and a beta-chain variant were observed. A woman, aged 76 yr, with the Hb Lepore-Hb S combination had two offspring with Hb Lepore-Hb C combinations. One Hb Lepore-Hb C subject married to a hematologically normal woman had eight offspring: seven living at the time of study, six with Hb Lepore trait, and one with Hb C trait. In the second family, only Hb Lepore trait was found. Interest centers on the first family: the mild symptomatology of the Hb Lepore-Hb S subject, and the absence of crossovers in the seven living offspring of one Hb Lepore-Hb C subject. The latter finding provides further genetic evidence for allelism or close linkage of the locus for Hb Lepore with the beta chain structural locus.
Quantitative Recovery of 14C-labeled Carbon Monoxide (14CO) From Viable Heme-labeled Red Blood Cells in the Rat
Authors: Landaw Stephen A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Long-term recovery of 14C-labeled carbon monoxide (14CO) from labeled, transfused red blood cells (RBC) was studied in buffalo rats. Donor RBC (labeled with 14C-2-glycine) were transfused into host rats, and the 14CO formed from degradation of labeled hemoglobin heme was collected over the next 110+ days. The heme-equivalent 14CO recovery in 13 animals averaged 102.1 ± 2.1% (mean ± SE) of activity in hemoglobin heme of donor RBC. This confirms that heme of circulating RBC destroyed by random hemolysis and senescence is quantitatively converted to CO.
Leukocyte Labeling With 51Chromium. III. The Kinetics of Normal Lymphocytes
Authors: Scott James L. , Davidson J. Gary , Marino Joseph V. , McMillan Robert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The kinetics of radiochromate-labeled autologous blood lymphocytes were studied in normal subjects. The labeled cells equilibrated within hours with a recirculating lymphocyte pool (RLP) distributed between the blood, the spleen, and the bone marrow. The RLP was found to be about twice the size of the blood lymphocyte pool contained within it and turned over through the blood about 12 times daily. The labeled cells had an average half life in the RLP of 18 days.
Eosinophilic Fibrohistiocytic Lesion of Bone Marrow: A Distinctive New Morphologic Finding, Probably Related to Drug Hypersensitivity
Authors: Rywlin Arkadi M. , Hoffman Erwin P. , Ortega Rolando S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A distinctive, hitherto undescribed lesion was found in histologic sections of aspirated bone marrow particles in five patients. The lesion occurred in close relation to lymphoid follicles, vessels, and sinusoids. It consisted of collections of cells with regular, spindle-shaped nuclei and poorly defined cytoplasmic borders. Among these cells, which were interpreted as histiocytic and/or fibroblastic elements, there were abundant eosinophils, often in aggregates (eosinophilic abscesses), plasma cells, and a few mast cells. Four of the patients were anemic, and all took numerous drugs including ampicillin, procainamide, and allopurinol. In four patients, the anemia remitted after the suspected drug was discontinued. Repeated bone marrow aspirates in three showed only an increased number of eosinophils around lymphoid follicles and blood vessels in two patients and complete disappearance of the lesion in one. Hodgkin’s disease, eosinophilic granuloma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and lipid granuloma were considered in the differential diagnosis and were ruled out by histologic and clinical considerations.
The Splenic Platelet Reservoir in Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Schwartz Allen D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The presence of hypersplenism and functional asplenia occurring concomitantly in a child with sickle cell anemia prompted a study of the splenic platelet reservoir in this hemoglobinopathy. The young child with sickle cell anemia and a large spleen, who is unable to remove Howell-Jolly bodies, concentrate 99mTc sulfur colloid in his spleen, or respond to intravenous particulate antigen, retains the splenic reservoir function to pool platelets. This reservoir function is lost in the older patient in whom the spleen has become autoinfarcted. Thus, an independence of certain splenic functions is present in young children with sickle cell anemia who have splenomegaly.
Reticulocyte Survival in Sickle Cell Anemia: Effect of Cyanate
Authors: Alter Blanche P. , Kan Yuet Wai , Nathan David G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cyanate prevents sickling in vitro and apparently prolongs the survival of 51Cr-tagged sickle erythrocytes in vivo. Cautious interpretation is required because the effects of cyanate on 51Cr binding to sickle and fetal hemoglobin-containing red cells are unknown, and comparison of the effect of cyanate on sickle red cell survival to control red cell survival must be performed sequentially. We have studied the survival of sickle reticulocytes utilizing radioactive amino acids that are incorporated into hemoglobin. Two informed adult patients with sickle cell disease were studied. In each study, two 50-ml samples of blood were incubated separately with 14C- and 3H-leucine for 2 hr, after which 50 mM cyanate was added to one aliquot for 1 hr. The cells were then washed and reinfused. Frequent venous samples were obtained, and the specific activities of 14C and 3H in the hemoglobin were followed. The t ½ of the carbamylated cells was tripled, but remained below normal. This method provides a generally useful measurement of the influence of drugs bound to red cells on reticulocyte lifespan. The labels are incorporated into the hemoglobin molecule of the reticulocyte, and simultaneous comparison of the survivals of the same cohort of drug-treated and control cells is achieved.
Vitamin B12 Malabsorption Due to Intrinsic Factor Deficiency in Indian Subjects
Authors: Desai H. G. , Antia F. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sixteen patients (from Bombay) with severe vitamin B12 malabsorption due to intrinsic factor deficiency, presenting as subacute combined degeneration of the cord (7), tropical sprue (3), anemia (2), thyrotoxicosis (2), diabetes mellitus (1), and pain in the abdomen (1), are reported. The difficulties of establishing a definite diagnosis of pernicious anemia in Indian population are described. The lower incidence of circulating intrinsic factor antibody (IFA) in Indian patients with histamine-fast achlorhydria and poor vitamin B12 absorption is emphasized. The necessity of separating atrophic gastritis, with severely impaired vitamm B12 absorption, from pernicious anemia on the basis of absence or presence of IFA in serum and/or gastric juice cannot be overemphasized.
Surface Bound Immunoglobulins as a Cell Marker in Human Lymphoproliferative Diseases
Authors: Preud’homme J. L. , Seligmann M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Membrane-bound Ig were studied by immunofluorescence methods in 116 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Surface Ig synthetized in vitro were studied in many patients. In 70 of 73 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (49 without and 24 with monoclonal serum Ig), monoclonal surface Ig with a distribution for heavy and light chains similar to that of normal lymphocytes were found. In three cases, these surface Ig accumulated as crystals in the lymphocyte cytoplasm. Studies limited to staining of freshly drawn cells may lead to erroneous conclusions since serum antibodies may become bound to the cell surface and simultaneous positivity for µ, γ, κ, and λ, due either to the attachment of immune complexes at the lymphocyte surface or to anti-IgG antibody activity of the monoclonal surface IgM, was not rare. IgM with anti-IgG activity was found on the surface of both lymphocytes and lymphoblasts in a patient with acute transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In a single case, µ and γ chains were simultaneously found on some lymphocytes besides two single producer clones. A biclonal proliferation characterized by distinct surface Ig markers was demonstrated in three other cases of lymphocytic leukemia and in a patient with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. In this latter condition (31 cases), most marrow lymphoid cells including plasma cells and the majority of blood lymphocytes carried IgM determinants which had the same light chain type as the serum IgM and which shared its eventual antibody activity. Similar results were obtained in a few patients with the hematological features of macroglobulinemia but with serum monoclonal IgG or IgA or with unreleased IgM. Studies on cases of γ and α heavy chain diseases, cold agglutinin disease, leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, and Sezary’s reticulosis are also recorded. The value of surface Ig as B cell markers in lymphoproliferative diseases is outlined.
Effects of Plasmin on Human Factor VIII (AHF)
Authors: Pasquini R. , Hershgold E. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Highly purified, fibrinogen-free human factor VIII was incubated with plasmin, and the liberated split products of the factor VIII were analyzed by gel filtration, acrylamide gel electrophoresis, bioassay, and for immunologic reactivity. At least three fragments retaining different antigenic determinants are released from the factor VIII after prolonged digestion and at least three new fragments are seen in acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The split products were not anticoagulant in the factor VIII activity assay. In fact, the breakdown products in the hydrolysate increased the factor VIII activity of normal plasma mixed with it. Therefore, it is not likely that the factor VIII split products formed in fibrinolytic states contribute actively to the hemorrhagic diathesis.
Lymphocyte Plasma Membranes: Analysis of Proteins and Glycoproteins by SDS-Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Lopes John , Nachbar Martin , Zucker-Franklin Dorothea , Silber Robert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method is described for the preparation of plasma membranes from human tonsil lymphocytes. The membrane preparation has been characterized by electron microscopy and by the use of 5'-nucleotidase as an enzymatic marker. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate yields a reproducible pattern for the membrane proteins and glycoproteins. A minimum of 26 polypeptide bands were identified with the Coomassie blue stain. The glycoprotein material was distributed into at least five bands. Similarities and differences between the lymphocyte and red cell membrane are discussed.
Refractory Anemia With Dysproteinemia: Long-term Therapy With Low-Dose Corticosteroids
Authors: Hume R. , Dagg J. H. , Goldberg A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nine elderly patients with a refractory anemia associated with a high blood sedimentation rate and with minor serum protein abnormalities, especially elevation of the alpha2 globulin fraction, have been studied. The anemia was characterized by red cell hypochromia, reduced serum iron, and normal or reduced iron binding capacity concentrations, elevated erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, and normoblastic erythropoiesis with reticuloendothelial iron present on Prussian-blue staining of bone-marrow preparations; no evidence of hemolysis was elicited by radiochromium red cell survival measurements, and plasma clearance and red cell utilization of intravenously injected radioiron were normal. The mechanism of the anemia was thus compatible with a block in reticuloendothelial release of iron derived from hemoglobing catabolism. Five patients complained of musculoskeletal pains and could thus be classified as polymyalgia rheumatica. Four patients had no pain and anemia dominated the clinical presentation. Carcinoma, myelomatosis, lymphoid neoplasm, leukemia, chronic infection, renal and hepatic failure, and auto-immune disease were excluded by investigation, and prolonged follow-up for 3-11 years has failed to reveal underlying disease. All patients responded clinically and hematologically to prednisolone, with a rapid increase in general well-being, a fall in sedimentation rate, and a return of the hemoglobin level to normal; remission has been maintained for 3-11 yr on minimal steroid dosage. Steroid dependence was illustrated in two cases, where withdrawal of therapy resulted in a rapid relapse of symptoms, a rise in sedimentation rate, and a return of the anemia. While five patients had clinical manifestations suggestive of polymyalgia rheumatica, four had no pain. In view of the excellent therapeutic response to steroids, the recognition of this pain-free group is important.
Cyclic Neutropenia: The Relationship Between Urine Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Activity and Neutrophil Count
Authors: Mangalik Aroop , Robinson W. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Urinary colony stimulating activity (CSA) has been studied in a 70-yr-old female with chronic cyclic neutropenia of unknown cause. Changes in urinary CSA were correlated with absolute granulocyte counts and were found to be highest when the granulocyte count was high or falling. It is suggested, on the basis of this and other data, that granulopoiesis, at least in part, may be regulated by a positive feedback control mechanism.
Acute Leukemia With C-G Chromosome Translocation
Authors: Hinkes Elliott , Crandall Barbara F. , Weber Felice , Craddock Charles G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The occurrence of acute lymphocytic leukemia in a young man with a C-G translocation is described. Two members of his family also show C-G translocations but have not as yet developed leukemia. A third member of the family, on whom no chromosomal information was available, died of acute lymphocytic leukemia.
Pernicious Anemia in Southwestern American Indians
Authors: Sievers Maurice L. , Metzger Allan L. , Goldberg Leonard S. , Fudenberg H. Hugh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pernicious anemia (PA), previously considered rare among American Indians, was diagnosed in 18 Indians during a 16-yr period at the Phoenix Indian Medical Center. These patients, from ten different tribes, did not vary significantly from all adult hospital admissions in proportionate sex, tribe, or blood group distribution. The current minimum prevalence of PA for southwestern Indians is 1:514 beyond 50 yr of age and 1:293 after 60 yr of age. Despite a marked predominance of blood group 0 (81%), the Indians developed PA as frequently as other ethnic groups in which PA is strongly associated with blood group A. Their clinical and hematologic manifestations were similar to those of whites with PA. Of the 13 subjects tested immunologically, 11 demonstrated parietal cell antibodies, and six had blocking antibodies to intrinsic factor. During follow-up none developed gastric carcinoma, although this tumor— the most frequent malignancy among southwestern Indians-is correlated with PA in whites. The findings establish that PA in full-blooded south-western Indians is not rare and is clinically and immunologically similar to PA in whites.