bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Acoustic Wave Devices
Authors: Morgan D. P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA surface‐acoustic‐wave (SAW) device employs an acoustic wave guided along the surface of a piezoelectric crystal, in which the stresses and strains of the wave are coupled to electric fields. The wave has a low velocity, typically 3500 m/s, and propagates with low attenuation. These features enable compact low‐loss devices to be developed for electronics applications at frequencies up to several gigahertz. Arrays of metal electrodes are used to generate, detect, or reflect the waves. This technology has enormous versatility because standard lithographic techniques can be used to fabricate almost arbitrary geometries.This article summarizes the nature of surface waves and some relevant propagation effects, including diffraction. The interdigital transducer, used in all these devices for wave generation, is described. A survey of suitable materials is given, including quartz, lithium niobate, and lithium tantalate. Transversal bandpass filters are weighted using apodisation or withdrawal weighting. They are widely used in TV receivers, as well as in professional equipment which calls for very high‐performance devices. For radar, SAW pulse compression filters perform a correlation operation, increasing the range capability. Other devices perform correlation for spread‐spectrum communication waveforms; an example is the SAW nonlinear convolver, which is capable of instantaneous programmability. For mobile telephony there has been a strong demand for miniature low‐loss bandpass filters, and a wide variety of novel SAW devices have been developed. For example, impedance element filters give 1 dB loss at 900 MHz, with 30 MHz bandwidth and a package size of 2×2 mm2. For IF CDMA filters, a modified form of the transversal filter, called the R‐SPUDT (resonant single‐phase unidirectional transducer), enables both low loss and small size to be obtained. For GSM IF circuits, transverse‐coupled resonator filters have been developed to give a very narrow bandwidth of 200 kHz.The article concludes with a superficial survey of the theory of these devices.
Frequency‐Division Multiplexers
Authors: Snyder Richard V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFrequency‐division multiplexers are networks used either to split an input spectrum into possibly, but not necessarily, contiguous subportions, or alternatively to combine discrete spectral inputs into a common output. Designers and theoreticians have traditionally treated the design methodology as “black art,” and it has been difficult to formally learn “how to multiplex.” This article presents some of the many multiplexing techniques that have been developed since the early 1950s, and provides a good starting point for would‐be multiplexer designers.
Radar Imaging
Authors: Chen Victor C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRadar imaging is an imaging method obtained by processing radar signals reflected from an object and generating an image of that object. The purpose of this article is to introduce basic concepts of radar imaging, including radar imaging geometry, synthetic aperture, stripmap mode, spotlight mode, and inverse mode. This article summarizes algorithms for radar imaging, including the range–Doppler algorithm, range migration algorithm, chirp‐scale algorithm, polar formatting algorithm, phase gradient algorithm, prominent point processing algorithm, and time–frequency‐based image formation algorithm. Issues in radar imaging of moving targets are also introduced.
Radar Tracking
Authors: Bruder Joseph A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRadar tracking is the ability to determine the position and velocity vector of a target at any particular instant in time, to predict its position in the future, and to distinguish the desired target from other targets and clutter.Target tracking is necessary for a number of reasons. In order to direct a weapon such as a missile or a projectile to a target, the range, future range, and angles from the radar to the target must be determined by the radar. By knowing the position of the target relative to that of the missile, the guidance computer can direct the missile to the target.
Mixed‐Signal CMOS RF Integrated Circuits
Authors: Steyaert Michiel , Reynaert Patrick 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe world of wireless communication and its applications have begun to grow rapidly. The driving force behind this lies in the introduction of digital coding and digital signal processing in wireless communications. This digital revolution is driven by the development of high‐performance, low‐costCMOStechnologies that allow for the integration of an enormous amount of digital functions on a single die. AsCMOSis mainly a digital technology, placing all digital functions on a single die is merely a matter of handing the system complexity. To achieve a truly single‐chip solution, the analog part also has to be integrated inCMOS.The telecommunication market is generally considered to be a business where a single‐chip solution in a cheap (CMOS) technology results in a huge cost benefit; the main reason is the high volume of user equipment. Furthermore, in these systems, small size, low board area, low power consumption, and high talktime are crucial, and therefore it is of utmost importance to achieve a high level of integration. This trend toward single‐chip, fully integrated systems can clearly be seen in the development of RF systems such asGSM,EDGE, Bluetooth, and wirelessLAN. In all these sytems, the analog part mainly consists of anRFfront end. Deep submicrometer technologies allow for the operation frequency ofCMOScircuits above 1 GHz, which opens the way to fully integratedRFsystems. Several research groups have developed high‐performance downconverters, low‐phase‐noise voltage‐controlled oscillators, and dual‐modulus prescalers in standardCMOStechnologies. The research has already demonstrated fully integrated receivers and synthesizers with no external components, nor tuning or trimming. Further research on low‐noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, and synthesizers has resulted in fully integratedCMOSRFtransceivers for DCS1800, Bluetooth, and wirelessLAN.In this article, we focus on the evolution from the well‐known heterodyne receiver topology to the zero‐ and low‐IF topology used in modern receivers. We also discuss the interaction between the analog part and the digital part regarding substrate noise and decoupling.
Ferroelectric Materials
Authors: Pandey R. K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe interplay between the forces of electric field, mechanical stress, and temperature in a material can cause a host of effects and properties to evolve. Ferroelectricity is one of these fascinating phenomena, acquired by some dielectric materials, originating from the interactions between the three natural forces. For ferroelectricity to exist, the fundamental condition of noncentrosymmetry of a crystal unit cell must be satisfied. For this and some other reasons, ferroelectricity without exception coexists in materials that are simultaneously piezoelectrics and pyroelectrics. Thus all ferroelectrics are good examples of multifunctional materials. Their multifunctional nature makes them extremely attractive for a host of applications ranging from classical to ultramodern. This article attempts to explain the complex but very interesting properties of ferroelectric materials and their counterparts such as piezoelectrics and pyroelectrics. Phenomena such aspyrooptic effectandmultiferroicmaterials, which are rarely covered in a discussion of ferroelectricity, are also briefly discussed. Processing of ferroelectric materials and their applications have also been included in the discussion with the hope that they will prepare interested readers for more advanced studies of this vast subject.
Its Radio Service Standards and Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (ITS‐WAVE) at 5.9 GHZ
Authors: Gerges Ramez L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCommunications and information technologies are at the core of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This article describes ongoing activities to create a new family of standards that supports the emerging intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and telematics wireless markets. The Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) is a radiocommunication system intended to provide seamless, interoperable services to surface transportation systems.
A Proton Selective Carbon Nitride Layer for High Durability Fuel Cells
Authors: Smith Keenan , Foglia Fabrizia , Clancy Adam J. , Pope Michael A. , Brett Dan J.L. , Miller Thomas S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo achieve a balance between performance and durability in electrochemical energy conversion systems, such as fuel cells (FC) and water electrolyzers (WE), proton exchange membranes (PEMs) must be optimized for minimal thickness and resistance while maximizing gas rejection and durability. 2D materials, with Angstrom‐scale pores, hold the potential to revolutionize these devices by enabling highly selective proton transport and mitigating degradation pathways. However, to date no material has been implemented that can prevent gas crossover and extend the device lifetime without compromising initial performance. In this study, it is demonstrated that polytriazine imide (PTI), a 2D graphitic carbon nitride with optimally sized and functionalized lattice pores, facilitates unimpeded proton transport. By engineering a centimeter‐scale monolayer film composed of tessellated PTI nanosheets and placing it at the cathode‐PEM interface, significant gains in performance, efficiency, and durability ‐are achieved. These results in PEMFCs show halved hydrogen crossover and over a threefold increase in lifetime. This approach promises to accelerate the adoption of economically viable FCs and WEs with enhanced output and extended service lifetimes, essential for achieving a decarbonized society.
Enabling Bio‐Cathode with Graphene Coating via Networking Soy‐Protein and Polydopamine for Li–S Batteries
Authors: Guo Ying , Ying Chunhua , Ren Lulu , Zhong Justin , Liu Jin , Zhong Wei‐Hong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe abundance and environmental friendliness in nature of sulfur (S) make Li–S batteries more attractive in addition to the high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g−1) and energy density (2600 Wh kg−1) of the batteries. In this study, a bio‐based S cathode with graphene (Gr) coating, capable of effectively suppressing the shuttle effect of polysulfides, is enabled via networking soy protein (SP) and polydopamine (PDA) to form a functional bio‐binder (SP‐PDA). Dopamine self‐polymerization in SP not only generates the interpenetrated network for the bio‐binder but also makes the denatured structure of SP with rich functional groups effective for trapping polysulfides. Meanwhile, the Gr coating with low impedance, and high electronic and ionic conductivity on the cathode surface further significantly reduces polysulfide dissolution. Consequently, the Li–S batteries with the bio‐cathode (SP‐PDA@Gr) demonstrate excellent rate performance and long cycling capacity. In specific, under the current density of 0.5 A g−1 at 70% (500 mAh g−1) capacity retention, the cycle life of the Li–S cell with SP‐PDA@Gr cathode is 600 cycles, i.e.,100 times longer than that of the cell with PVDF binder. This study provides a sustainable strategy for enhancing the performance of Li–S batteries through networking natural proteins to form functional bio‐binders.
A Critical Update on the Design of Dense Ion‐Conducting Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Niccolai Francesca , Guazzelli Elisa , El Koura Zakaria , Pucher Ilara , Martinelli Elisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent progress in the design and preparation of dense ion‐conducting membranes, to improve redox flow batteries (RFBs) performance are critically examined. The ideal membrane has to balance a high ionic conductivity, a low crossover of ion/redox‐active species, and high coulombic and voltage efficiencies. Several ion exchange membranes are analyzed, with a focus on proton exchange membranes (PEMs), that are the most mature membrane technology in RFBs, led by the gold standard Nafion. Key developments in the design of membranes include the synthesis of tailored (co)polymers, the post‐functionalization of commercially available ones, membrane formation techniques like electrospinning, polymer blending, the additions of organic and inorganic fillers, and surface modification. Dense, asymmetric and composite membranes are reported and discussed. The effects on the membrane properties of macromolecular parameters (polymer backbone, type and length of the side chains, and the acidity of the ion‐exchanging group) are highlighted. Correlations between chemical structure, properties and performance are discussed, targeting the trade‐off between conductivity, selectivity and overall performance of the RFB cell. Although significant steps forward in the development of ion‐conducting membranes were made, improvements in electrochemical properties and long‐term stability, while reducing costs, are still challenging and necessary to a large‐scale application of RFBs.
Nationwide medical database study for postoperative nutritional management in patients undergoing gastroenterological cancer surgery
Authors: Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Murotani Kenta , Hayashi Nahoki , Kamoshita Satoru 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThe study aimed to clarify how nutrition was managed in patients based on surgical site during the first 7 d after gastroenterological cancer surgery.MethodsA Japanese medical claims database was used to identify patients who had gastroenterological cancer surgery from 2011 to 2022. Patients were divided into groups based on the surgical sites, and postoperative feeding routes and timing of initiation of oral intake for groups were assessed. For the subset of patients fasting postoperatively for ≥7 d, the proportion of patients prescribed target doses of energy (20 kcal/kg) and amino acids (0.8 g/kg) on postoperative d 7 were assessed.ResultsSurgical sites of 360 296 study patients were: esophagus, 14 784; stomach, 103 339; colon/rectum, 194 049; liver, 19 277; gallbladder/bile duct, 8279; pancreas, 20 568. The median postoperative day of oral intake initiation was: esophagus, seven; stomach and pancreas, four; colon/rectum and gallbladder/bile duct, three; liver, two. The proportions of fasting patients prescribed target doses of energy and amino acids on postoperative d 7 were: esophagus, 42.6% and 34.4%; stomach, 21.8% and 28.0%; colon/rectum, 20.9% and 29.1%; liver, 21.2% and 22.5%; gallbladder/bile duct, 31.0% and 33.4%; pancreas, 28.2% and 37.8%, respectively.ConclusionOral intake after gastroenterological cancer surgery was started earliest in patients undergoing liver surgery and latest in patients undergoing esophageal surgery. Target parenteral energy and amino acid doses were prescribed to less than half of fasting patients. Education is needed to promote early initiation of oral intake and the use of guidelines‐based parenteral nutrition dosing in patients after gastroenterological cancer surgery.
Electron Delocalized Ni Active Sites in Spinel Catalysts Enable Efficient Urea Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Jian , Chen Zi‐Qiang , Ye Xiao‐Tong , Xiao Kang , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe urea oxidation reaction (UOR) has attracted much attention as an efficient alternative reaction to oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to its low required overpotential. Despite significant progress in efficient nickel‐based catalysts, the fundamental issues regarding product selectivity control and dissociation mechanism during the UOR process have not been clarified. Here, we report that tuning the electron delocalization strength of Ni sites significantly affects the OH− binding sites, altering urea molecule dissociation patterns in alkaline systems. Using spinel NiCo2O4 as a model catalyst, the charge delocalization strength of nickel active centers is influenced by the degree of phosphorus‐substituted anions. Specifically, complete phosphorus‐substituted spinel enhances N2 selectivity up to 26.8 % with a peak current density of 300 mA ⋅ cm−2, while partial phosphorus‐substituted spinel achieves a Faraday efficiency of 78.1 % for liquid products (NOx−). Experiments and theory reveal that strong charge delocalization at Ni sites favors remote‐site attack on urea molecules by hydroxide ions, whereas weak delocalization prefers nearby‐site attack, enhancing UOR efficiency and suppressing OER in both pathways.
Chiroptical Response of Carbon Nanocages Enhanced by Achiral Guests
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Fujimura Koki , Ueda Yoshihiro , Fukaya Norihisa , Kawabata Takeo , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOpening up [60]fullerene makes itself inherently chiral without loss of congenital π‐conjugation. An immoderately large aperture on [60]fullerene, however, renders the molecule less rigid and therefore it would reduce dissymmetry factors. Herein, we examined supramolecular technique in geometrical reinforcement of chiral open‐[60]fullerenes by encasing achiral guests such as Ar, CO2, and CH3CN. At a lowest‐energy transition, we confirmed a guest‐dependency on chiroptical responses with increasing a dissymmetry factor by nearly twice to three times. It should be noted that the guests play a negligible role in electronic structures of the carbon cages. Instead, they are engaged in preclusion of an orifice shrinking not to reduce chiroptical response.
Identification and study of new NF‐κB‐inducing kinase ligands derived from the imidazolone scaffold
Authors: Maqueda‐Zelaya Francisco , Valiño‐Rivas Lara , Milián Ana , Gutiérrez Sara , Aceña José Luis , Garcia‐Marin Javier , Sánchez‐Niño Mª Dolores , Vaquero Juan J. , Ortiz Alberto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health concern, projected to be a major cause of death by 2040, due to an increasing risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Systems biology‐derived data suggest that the unmet need for an orally available drug to treat AKI and improve CKD outcomes may be addressed by targeting kidney inflammation and, specifically, nuclear factor κB‐inducing kinase (NIK), a key signaling molecule that activates the noncanonical nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) pathway. We have prepared and identified a small family of imidazolone derivatives that bind NIK and inhibit the noncanonical NF‐κB activation pathway. The introduction of heterocyclic substituents in position 2 of the imidazolone core provides compounds with affinity against human NIK. Three candidates, with best affinity profile, were tested in phenotypic experiments of noncanonical NF‐κB activation, confirming that the derivative bearing the 4‐pyridyl ring can inhibit the processing of NFκB p100 to NFkB2 p52, which is NIK‐dependent in cultured kidney tubular cells. Finally, exhaustive docking calculations combined with molecular dynamics studies led us to propose a theoretical binding mode and rationalize affinity measures, in which the aminopyridine motif is a key anchoring point to the hinge region thanks to several hydrogen bonds and the interaction of heterocyclic rings in position 2 with Ser476 and Lys482. Our result will pave the way for the development of potential drug candidates targeting NIK in the context of CKD.
First Electrodeposition of Silicon on Crumbled MXene (c‐Ti3C2Tx) for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Negative Electrode
Authors: Butt Rehman , Gigi Aleena , Rabuel François , Morcrette Mathieu , Mallet Jeremy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe demand for high energy density Li‐ion batteries requires electrode materials with high capacity and long cycling stability. Silicon is among the most promising negative electrode materials due to its high theoretical capacity, abundant resources, and low working potential. However, its poor conductivity and significant volume expansion during cycling limit its practical application. To overcome these issues, this study develops a two‐step synthesis method for a nanostructured composite based on silicon as the active material. First, a crumbled Ti3C2Tx (c‐Ti3C2Tx) structure formed through electrostatic interaction between a Ti3C2Tx suspension and 1 M KOH. Then, an amorphous silicon layer is electrodeposited onto the c‐Ti3C2Tx flakes in a room‐temperature ionic liquid, creating the Si/c‐Ti3C2Tx composite for the negative electrode of Li‐ion batteries. The c‐Ti3C2Tx structure enhances conductivity, provides mechanical stability to accommodate silicon's expansion, and offers nanostructured porosity for lithium‐ion diffusion. The composite material demonstrates exceptional cycling stability, achieving a capacity of 1300 mAh g−1 at C/5 with 91 % capacity retention after 100 cycles.
Antidepressant‐ and Anxiolytic‐Like Effect of the Froriepia subpinnata Extract in the Rat: Neurochemical Correlates
Authors: Samandari‐Bahraseman Mohammad R. , Esmaeilzadeh‐Salestani Keyvan , Dogani Manijeh , Khaleghdoust Banafsheh , Hatami Nima , Esmaeili‐Mahani Saeed , Elyasi Leila , Loit Evelin , Harro Jaanus 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe study aims to explore the potential antianxiety effect of Froriepia subpinnata, a native plant in northern Iran, and it is considered an antiflatulent, appetizing, antiseptic, antispasmodic, and diuretic. Despite its widespread use in diets and its reputation for calming effects, no prior research has specifically investigated its antianxiety properties.MethodsRats were subjected to a variety of stressors for 24 days. Rats were treated with the F. subpinnata extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, orally) for 14 days starting from the 10th day of stress. Then behavioral tests (elevated plus‐maze, open field, sucrose preference, Morris water maze, passive avoidance) were examined. Real‐time PCR was used to investigate changes in the expression of candidate genes of stress response and memory. Oxidative stress markers and corticosterone levels in serum were also measured.ResultsChronic stress reduced performance in a variety of tests of anxiety and memory, and treatment with the F. subpinnata extract dose‐dependently improved the behavioral deficits caused by chronic stress. At the dose of 200 mg/kg, the F. subpinnata extract mitigated the effect of stress on the expression of several genes, such as those encoding dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, glutamate NMDA, and AMPA receptor subunits (Grin1 and Gria1, respectively), glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, cholecystokinin (CCK) and CCKB receptor, neuropeptide Y, and the GABAA receptor alpha2 subunit. Also, the expression of two genes, TrkB and BDNF, was significantly affected by the extract, demonstrating meaningful decreasing changes. Furthermore, treatment with the extract led to a decrease in oxidative stress and an elevation in cortisol levels in stressed animals.ConclusionIn this study, we provide the first evidence of the antistress and antianxiety effects of F. subpinnata extract, along with its potential procognitive impact on memory.
Mini‐Me Fashion Sharenting: Drivers, Consequences, and the Role of Market Mavens
Authors: Luong Van‐Ha , Manthiou Aikaterini , Liu Huaming , Hickman Ellie , Klaus Phil 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological mechanisms that motivate sharenting behavior (the practice of parents sharing information and multimedia content about their children on social media) in the context of mini‐me fashion, where mothers or fathers wear matching outfits with their children. Based on mimicry behavior theory and self‐presentation, we use a mixed‐method approach to analyze 200 Instagram posts (study 1) and 303 surveys (study 2), and we examine the relationships of mimicry behavior and hedonism with self‐presentation and their impacts on brand engagement. The findings make theoretical contributions by confirming that mini‐me sharenting is considered an act of online self‐presentation primarily driven by hedonism and mimicry desire, thus leading to higher brand engagement and eWOM. Furthermore, the level of fashion market mavenism amplifies the impact of hedonism on brand engagement.