bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does location matter for disclosure? Evidence from geographic segments
Authors: Leung Edith , Verriest Arnt 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe segment disclosures of multinational companies provide strategic information. We use the location characteristics of geographic segments to identify the reasons for withholding or disclosing segments. We examine segment data from around the adoption of IFRS 8, a reporting standard that requires firms to reveal more disaggregated information. Consistent with a proprietary cost motive for nondisclosure, we find that segments in regions that are deemed better for business tend to be hidden, while higher entry barriers for a segment are positively related to disclosure. These effects appear to be stronger for firms for which proprietary cost motives are more important. Among the previously unrevealed segments, proprietary costs explain the nondisclosure of segment earnings and other relevant financial information for investors.
From the tropics to the pole and back again: Radiation in the flathead fishes (Platycephalidae) across Australia and the Indo‐West Pacific
Authors: Puckridge Melody , Last Peter R. , Gledhill Daniel C. , Andreakis Nikos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo develop a comparative phylogeographic framework to understand the origins, evolution, taxonomic richness, and distribution of Australian demersal fish endemics in the context of the Indo‐West Pacific (IWP).LocationSouthern Australia and the IWP.TaxonPlatycephalidae (flathead fishes).MethodsNuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies of flathead fishes were inferred from 46 of 85 nominal species, and 14 additional cryptic species‐level lineages, representing 17 of the 18 genera. Molecular clocks and habitat trait reconstructions were used to infer the palaeoclimatic and geological events responsible for shaping the evolution and diversification of the group.ResultsThe family Platycephalidae comprises two sister subfamilies; Platycephalinae and Onigociinae, which diverged in the Eocene into predominantly temperate and tropical assemblages respectively. The basal platycephalin taxa are confined to southern Australia with the most derived groups in the tropics, following a high‐ to low‐latitudinal evolutionary trajectory. In contrast, the onigociins are predominantly associated with the tropics, and have diversified across the region since the early Miocene with very few introductions into temperate Australia.Main conclusionsPlatycephalinae and Onigociinae show contrasting evolutionary scenarios. Platycephalins have a temperate to tropical evolutionary trajectory consistent with their arrival into the region via tectonic rafting and subsequent dispersal. This dispersal was likely facilitated by formation of shallow‐water environments along the Sunda Arc margin following collision of the Australian and Eurasian Plates. In contrast, the Onigociinae has likely maintained a tropical presence across the IWP since the Eocene and has experienced higher diversification rates leading to circa three times the species diversity found in the Platycephalinae. Rounds of dispersal and allopatric speciation have subsequently played out across both low and high latitudes with both subfamilies harbouring cryptic species‐level lineages. This work provides an explicit working hypothesis for exploring origins and diversification in other demersal fishes endemic to the Australian continent.
Zinc and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gray N.A. , Dhana A. , Stein D.J. , Khumalo N.P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractZinc plays a central role in skin integrity via barrier and immune mechanisms and may also be relevant in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, little is known about the relationship between zinc and AD. We performed a systematic review to determine (i) the association between zinc levels or zinc deficiency and AD and (ii) the efficacy of oral zinc supplementation in the treatment of AD. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and article references for observational studies on zinc levels or zinc deficiency in participants with AD vs. controls and for randomized control trials (RCTs) on zinc supplementation in AD. For observational studies, we calculated pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) or odds ratios (ORs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random effects model. We included 14 observational studies and two RCTs. The pooled SMD demonstrated significantly lower serum (SMD 0.66, 95% CI 0.21–1.10, P = 0.004), hair (SMD 0.95, 95% CI 0.38–1.52, P = 0.001) and erythrocyte (SMD 0.95, 95% CI 0.38–1.52, P = 0.001) zinc levels in participants with AD compared to controls. Pooled unadjusted data from three studies showed a non‐significant increased odds of AD in those with zinc deficiency compared with those without zinc deficiency (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 0.71–3.16, P = 0.28). One RCT of oral zinc supplementation among AD patients with zinc deficiency showed improvement in extent and severity of AD, while another RCT among all AD patients showed no significant improvement. All the studies were of low or moderate quality. We conclude that low serum, hair and erythrocyte zinc levels are associated with AD. However, the poor quality of included studies makes interpretation of these results problematic. High‐quality observational studies are needed to confirm the association between low zinc levels and AD, and RCTs are required to evaluate the merit of zinc supplementation for the treatment or prevention of AD.
Ingenol mebutate‐mediated reduction in p53‐positive keratinocytes in skin cancerization field directly correlates with clinical response in patients with multiple actinic keratoses
Authors: Grandi V. , di Gennaro P. , Torrigiani S. , Basco L. , Lastrucci I. , Pimpinelli N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundUV radiation represents the main risk factor for non‐melanoma skin cancers. Chronic UV exposure induces ‘p53 patches’, i.e. clonal outgrowths of keratinocytes with high nuclear expression of mutated p53, which might progress to actinic keratosis (AK) and ultimately squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs).AimsAnalysis of ingenol mebutate gel (150 and 500 mcg/g) effects in the reduction in ‘p53 patches’ inside skin cancerization field (CF) in patients with multiple AKs of face/scalp or trunk/extremities, in order to investigate whether the expected reduction in p53+ keratinocytes might have a direct role in the long‐term AK reduction in treated areas.ResultsWe enrolled n = 10 patients, treated with ingenol mebutate and evaluated at 2 and 6 months after treatment. We observed clinical responses in the majority of patients (n = 7), with AK reduction or complete clearance (n = 6 and n = 1, respectively). Notably, two patients did not respond to the treatment, and in one patient, after initial partial response, new lesion was recorded. In untreated skin CF samples (n = 3), we observed numerous p53+ keratinocytes, similar to those observed in invasive SCC samples (53.56 ± 8.79 and 74.34 ± 22.05, respectively; P = 0.2). After treatment, we observed a variable p53+ keratinocyte reduction in CF samples at 2 months (24.67 ± 31.19; P = 0.19). Importantly, the amount of p53+ keratinocytes strongly and directly correlated with AK number (R2 = 0.81).ConclusionUntreated skin CF expresses high level of p53+ keratinocytes as invasive SCC. Ingenol mebutate is able to reduce p53+ keratinocytes with variable efficacy, this reduction degree directly correlating with clinical efficacy.
Post‐Acute Care After Joint Replacement in Medicare's Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative
Authors: Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Orav E. John , Zheng Jie , Epstein Arnold M. 
Published: February 2019

IMPORTANCEBundled payments, in which services provided around a care episode are linked together, are being tested under Medicare's Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) program. Reducing post‐acute care (PAC) is critical under bundled payment, but little is known about whether this is done through provider selection or consolidation, and whether particular patterns of changes in PAC are associated with success under the program.OBJECTIVETo characterize patterns of change in PAC under lower‐extremity joint replacement episodes in BPCI.DESIGNRetrospective difference‐in‐differences study.SETTINGUS Medicare, 2013 to 2015.PARTICIPANTSA total of 264 US hospitals participating in BPCI for lower‐extremity joint replacement and matched controls.EXPOSURESParticipation in BPCI.MEASUREMENTSUse and duration of institutional PAC (proportion discharged to a skilled nursing facility, an inpatient rehabilitation facility, and a long‐term care hospital), dispersion of PAC (proportion of discharges to commonly used providers), and quality of PAC (Star Ratings, readmission rates, length of stay, and nurse staffing); part A Medicare payments.RESULTSBPCI participants decreased the use and duration of institutional PAC compared to controls: overall institutional PAC declined 4.4% in BPCI hospitals vs 2.1% in non‐BPCI hospitals (difference = −2.2%; P = .033), and duration decreased by 1.6 days in BPCI hospitals compared to 0.0 days in non‐BPCI hospitals (difference in differences = −1.5 days; P < .001). However, BPCI participants did not change their PAC referral patterns to reduce dispersion or refer patients to higher‐quality PAC providers. Hospitals that were more successful in reducing Medicare payments started with higher payments and higher use of institutional PAC settings and demonstrated greater drops in use and duration of institutional PAC, but no differences in dispersion or referral to high‐quality providers.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEReductions in spending under BPCI were driven by a shift from higher‐ to lower‐cost discharge settings, and by shortening the duration of institutional PAC. Hospitals that reduced payments the most had the highest spending at baseline. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1027–1035, 2019.
Linking city‐level input–output table to urban energy footprint: Construction framework and application
Authors: Zheng Heran , Meng Jing , Mi Zhifu , Song Malin , Shan Yuli , Ou Jiamin , Guan Dabo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMultiregion input–output (MRIO) models have become increasingly important in economic and environmental analysis. However, the current resolution of most MRIO models fails to capture the heterogeneity between subregions, especially in cities. The lack of city‐level MRIO tables has impeded the accomplishment of city‐level studies and hampered the understanding of the relationship between urban growth and consumption, and teleconnections to other regions. In this paper, we propose a partial survey‐based multiple‐layer framework for MRIO table compilation of a Chinese province that distinguishes city‐based regions. This framework can effectively address a large number of data processes and retain consistency between layers. Using the framework, we first compile a nested Hebei‐China city‐level MRIO table and then apply city‐level energy footprint accounting of the North China urban agglomeration. Our results present the critical role of Hebei cities in energy supply in 2012 and quantify energy use embodied in goods for the domestic trade. Tangshan, Shijiazhuang, and Handan are distinctive cities in the energy supply chain of other regions, for both less developed and developed regions. This multiple‐layer framework represents a feasible approach for developing subregional‐level MRIO models and offers the possibility to analyze global trade at the subregional level with limited data. The data and results from the analysis in this article are available for download from China Emission Accounts and Datasets.
Genome‐wide association study dissects the genetic bases of salt tolerance in maize seedlings
Authors: Luo Xi , Wang Bingcai , Gao Shan , Zhang Fei , Terzaghi William , Dai Mingqiu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExcess salinity is a natural stress that causes crop yield losses worldwide. The genetic bases of maize salt tolerance remain largely unknown. Here we investigated the survival rates of 445 maize natural accessions after salt treatments. A skewed distribution of the salt‐tolerant phenotypes was observed in this population. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) revealed 57 loci significantly associated with salt tolerance. Forty‐nine candidate genes were detected from these loci. About 10% of these genes were co‐localized with loci from QTL mapping. Forty four percent of the candidate genes were involved in stress responses, ABA signaling, stomata division, DNA binding/transcription regulation and auxin signaling, suggesting that they are key genetic mechanisms of maize salt tolerance. Transgenic studies showed that two genes, the salt‐tolerance‐associated‐gene 4 (SAG4, GRMZM2G077295) and SAG6 (GRMZM2G106056), which encode a protein transport protein and the double‐strand break repair protein MRE11, respectively, had positive roles in plant salt tolerance, and their salt‐tolerant haplotypes were revealed. The genes we identified in this study provide a list of candidate targets for further study of maize salt tolerance, and of genetic markers and materials that may be used for breeding salt‐tolerance in maize.
Reporting and Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses of Nursing Interventions in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease: General Implications of the Findings
Authors: Sun, Xiao , Zhou, Xiaobin , Zhang, Yuan , Liu, Haihua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the reporting characteristics as well as the methodological quality of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta‐analyses (MAs) of nursing interventions in patients with Alzheimer's disease and determine potential factors for high quality.MethodsFollowing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we searched the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library from inception through October 1, 2017. Two reviewers independently selected articles and extracted data. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist were adopted to evaluate reporting and methodological quality, respectively.ResultsA total of 64 eligible articles, published from 2001 to 2017, were included. The mean PRISMA and AMSTAR scores were 19.310 ± 4.167 and 6.390 ± 2.208, respectively. For the PRISMA checklist, the following characteristics had less than 50% compliance: protocol or registration, full electronic search strategy, summary measures, risk for bias across studies, and synthesis of results. For the AMSTAR checklist, the following characteristics had less than 50% compliance: a priori study design, comprehensive literature search, status of publication used as inclusion criteria, scientific quality, publication bias, and conflicts of interest stated. Logistic regression analyses indicated that systematic reviews including meta‐analyses that followed PRISMA guidelines, had a protocol or registration, and had funding support were related to higher reporting quality; systematic reviews including meta‐analyses that had a protocol or registration were related to higher methodological quality.ConclusionsThe reporting and methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of nursing interventions in patients with Alzheimer's disease were suboptimal, with some areas needing further improvement. More endorsement by journals of the reporting guidelines for SRs and MAs may improve article quality and the dissemination of reliable evidence to nurses. We recommend that authors, readers, reviewers, and editors become better acquainted with and adhere more strictly to the PRISMA and AMSTAR checklists.
Patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes in implant‐supported overdentures retained by milled bars: Two‐year follow‐up
Authors: Toia Marco , Wennerberg Ann , Torrisi Paolo , Farina Vittorio , Corrà Enrico , Cecchinato Denis 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectivesThis observational clinical study evaluated the patient satisfaction and the clinical outcomes of edentulous arches rehabilitated with overdentures retained by CAD‐CAM milled titanium bars.Materials and MethodsEdentulous patients were treated with a full‐arch removable overdenture anchored on two milled bars based on a friction retention system. Patient satisfaction was tested using the validated Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) questionnaire at the pre‐ and post‐treatment visits, up to two years after prosthesis delivery (possible score range: 0‐56. Best: 0). The prosthodontist satisfaction was also assessed through a designed questionnaire (best possible range 0‐4. Best:0). Radiographic and clinical examinations were performed at baseline and after 2 years of function. Implant and prostheses complications were recorded.ResultsForty (25 mandible) edentulous patients, mean age 69 ± 9.5 (SD) (52% males, 10% smokers), were treated with a total of 185 implants. The mean difference between pre‐ and post‐treatment OHIP‐14 score was 20.6 ± 8.0 (P < 0.0001) showing a high level of satisfaction for aesthetics, functional and psychological outcomes. This perception was not influenced by patient's age or gender. The clinicians' mean score was 3.4 ± 4.0. There was a marginal bone level (MBL) gain of 0.02 ± 0.22 mm between the two time points. Minor complications were reported in five patients.ConclusionsThis procedure may lead to satisfaction regarding aesthetics and mastication function. One of the most relevant aspects is the versatility, which allows selection of the most suitable treatment option according to patient needs. The prosthodontist satisfaction questionnaire showed that this procedure met the clinical expectations.
Housing choices, sorting, and the distribution of educational benefits under deferred acceptance
Authors: Xu Jing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractI study the welfare and distributional consequences of introducing the student‐proposing deferred acceptance in a model where schools have exogenous qualities and the benefit from attending a school is supermodular in school quality and student type. Unlike neighborhood assignment, deferred acceptance induces nonpositive assortative matching where higher type students do not necessarily choose neighborhoods with better schools. Student types are more heterogeneous within neighborhoods under deferred acceptance. Assuming an elastic housing supply, deferred acceptance benefits residents in lower quality neighborhoods with more access to higher quality schools. Moreover, more parents will “vote with their feet” for deferred acceptance, other things equal, than for neighborhood assignment.
Effect of pectin oligosaccharides and zinc chelate on growth performance, zinc status, antioxidant ability, intestinal morphology and short‐chain fatty acids in broilers
Authors: Wang Zhongcheng , Yu Huimin , Xie Jingjing , Cui Hu , Gao Xiuhua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA 42‐day trial was conducted to investigate the effect of pectin oligosaccharides (POS) and zinc chelate (Zn‐POS) on growth performance, antioxidant ability, zinc status, intestinal morphology and short‐chain fatty acids in broilers. A total of 324 1‐day‐old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to three treatments with six cages of 18 chicks. Treatments were: (a) Control, 80 mg/kg Zn from ZnSO4; (b) POS, 80 mg/kg Zn from ZnSO4 + 482 mg/kg POS (the same amount of POS as treatment 3); and (c) Zn‐POS, 80 mg/kg zinc from Zn‐POS. Compared to the Control, both POS and Zn‐POS supplementation increased average daily gain and reduced the mortality during day 22–42, and only Zn‐POS supplementation decreased the ratio of feed to gain during day 22–42 and 1–42. Moreover, both POS and Zn‐POS supplementation improved Zn status and gut function as evidenced by increased metallothionein concentrations in the pancreas, villus height in the duodenum and isobutyrate concentrations in the caecal digesta. Additionally, Zn‐POS supplementation increased gene expressions of metallothionein, Zn transporter 1, Zn transporter 2 in the pancreas, nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 in the liver, the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total SCFA in the caecal digesta and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and jejunum, whereas decreased the crypt depth in these two tissues. Altogether, our results revealed that dietary POS or Zn‐POS supplementation benefited growth performance, Zn status, antioxidant ability and gut function of broilers. Supplementing Zn‐POS in the form of chelate was more effective than feeding POS or ZnSO4 separately.
Activation of vitamin D in the gingival epithelium and its role in gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss
Authors: Menzel Lorenzo P. , Ruddick Willam , Chowdhury Mobaswar H. , Brice David C. , Clance Ryan , Porcelli Emily , Ryan Lisa K. , Lee Jungnam , Yilmaz Özlem , Kirkwood Keith L. , McMahon Laura , Tran Amy , Diamond Gill 
Published: February 2019

Background and ObjectiveBoth chronic and aggressive periodontal disease are associated with vitamin D deficiency. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, induces the expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL‐37 and innate immune mediators in cultured human gingival epithelial cells (GECs). The aim of this study was to further delineate the mechanism by which vitamin D enhances the innate defense against the development of periodontal disease (PD).Materials and MethodsWild‐type C57Bl/6 mice were made deficient in vitamin D by dietary restriction. Cultured primary and immortalized GEC were stimulated with 1,25(OH)2D3, followed by infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, and viable intracellular bacteria were quantified. Conversion of vitamin D3 to 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 was quantified by ELISA. Effect of vitamin D on basal IL‐1α expression in mice was determined by topical administration to the gingiva of wild‐type mice, followed by qRT‐PCR.ResultsDietary restriction of vitamin D led to alveolar bone loss and increased inflammation in the gingiva in the mouse model. In primary human GEC and established human cell lines, treatment of GEC with 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the intracellular growth of P. gingivalis. Cultured GEC expressed two 25‐hydroxylases (CYP27A1 and CYP2R1), as well as 1‐α hydroxylase, enabling conversion of vitamin D to both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3. Topical application of both vitamin D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 to the gingiva of mice led to rapid inhibition of IL‐1α expression, a prominent pro‐inflammatory cytokine associated with inflammation, which also exhibited more than a 2‐fold decrease from basal levels in OKF6/TERT1 cells upon 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment, as determined by RNA‐seq.ConclusionVitamin D deficiency in mice contributes to PD, recapitulating the association seen in humans, and provides a unique model to study the development of PD. Vitamin D increases the activity of GEC against the invasion of periodontal pathogens and inhibits the inflammatory response, both in vitro and in vivo. GEC can convert inactive vitamin D to the active form in situ, supporting the hypothesis that vitamin D can be applied directly to the gingiva to prevent or treat periodontal disease.