bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback in an Elliptical Galaxy with the Most Updated AGN Physics. I. Low Angular Momentum Case
Authors: Yuan Feng , Yoon DooSoo , Li Ya-Ping , Gan Zhao-Ming , Ho Luis C. , Guo Fulai 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We investigate the effects of AGN feedback on the cosmological evolution of an isolated elliptical galaxy by performing two-dimensional high-resolution hydrodynamical numerical simulations. The inner boundary of the simulation is chosen so that the Bondi radius is resolved. Compared to previous works, the two accretion modes—namely, hot and cold, which correspond to different accretion rates and have different radiation and wind outputs—are carefully discriminated, and the feedback effects by radiation and wind in each mode are taken into account. The most updated AGN physics, including the descriptions of radiation and wind from the hot accretion flows and wind from cold accretion disks, are adopted. Physical processes like star formation and SNe Ia and II are taken into account. We study the AGN light curve, typical AGN lifetime, growth of the black hole mass, AGN duty cycle, star formation, and X-ray surface brightness of the galaxy. We compare our simulation results with observations and find general consistency. Comparisons with previous simulation works find significant differences, indicating the importance of AGN physics. The respective roles of radiation and wind feedback are examined, and it is found that they are different for different problems of interest, such as AGN luminosity and star formation. We find that it is hard to neglect any of them, so we suggest using the names “cold feedback mode” and “hot feedback mode” to replace the currently used ones.
Évaluation statistique de l’efficacité d’une action de formation professionnelle. Évidence pour les centres de formation des professionnels de taxis en France
Authors: Samba Bruno , Nzololo Moyo 
Published: April 2018

L’objectif de cet article est, s’inscrivant dans le cadre logique d’analyse que s’est offert de justifier Kirkpatrick (1959), d’enrichir la littérature sur l’étude de la satisfaction, ou l’insatisfaction, des bénéficiaires d’une action de formation professionnelle, en proposant l’utilisation de la logique floue. Pour de donner plus de portée à ce travail, nous avons vérifié notre approche avec une étude concrète de formation de professionnels de taxis, en Loire-Atlantique (France). Les indices obtenus, avec la démarche à la logique totalement floue et relative, ou TFR, permettent d’appréhender les risques d’insatisfaction individuelle et de groupe, des participants à une action de formation. Et, il est possible d’inférer que la performance du centre de formation considéré est optimale et provoque une faible insatisfaction globale auprès des bénéficiaires de la formation : indice général d’insatisfaction 0,19.
Au-delà de l’Œdipe ?
Authors: Causse Jean-Daniel 
Published: April 2018

L’article traite des discussions actuelles qui en psychanalyse concernent la filiation et la parentalité. La question posée est en particulier celle du rôle central que Freud a attribué au père dans le complexe d’Œdipe et, par suite, dans l’organisation familiale. Sommes-nous conduits aujourd’hui « au-delà de l’Œdipe » – ce qui signifie « au-delà du père » – et, si tel était le cas, quelles en sont les conséquences pour penser la filiation ? Ce problème a notamment été abordé par Lacan qui, en réinterprétant l’Œdipe hors du cadre patriarcal, lui a substitué la « métaphore paternelle » et le Nom-du-Père, notion qu’il emprunte à la religion. Alors que notre époque cherche à redonner une consistance au père par un recours au biologique, parfois une nostalgie de sa puissance imaginaire, notre difficulté vient plutôt du fait que nous souffrons d’une inaptitude au lien symbolique de la parole. En ce sens, toute filiation est adoptive et si le père a une fonction de nomination, c’est pour indiquer que chaque naissance atteste ce qui, n’étant pas encore écrit, reste ouvert à l’avenir.
Quelle éthique théologique de la procréation et de la filiation pour les débats actuels ?
Authors: Saintôt Bruno 
Published: April 2018

L’article a pour but de présenter quelques évolutions majeures de l’éthique théologique de la procréation depuis le pontificat de Pie XI jusqu’à celui de François, et de s’interroger sur la pertinence des reformulations personnalistes postérieures au concile Vatican II lorsqu’elles tentent d’assumer les références éthiques antérieures et leur mode de justification. Après le rappel de ces évolutions, la réflexion portera d’abord sur la « théologie du corps » de Jean-Paul II en interrogeant sa capacité à refonder l’éthique théologique de la procréation, puis sur l’évaluation éthique du recours aux techniques d’assistance médicale à la procréation. Une dernière partie proposera quelques pistes pour développer une éthique personnaliste tenant compte des questions et des mentalités actuelles.
Synergy in the Standards and Regulations of Offshore Renewable Energy and Offshore Oil & Gas
Authors: Robinson Roy , Engelmann Georg 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts key aspects of the Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) and offshore Oil and Gas (O&G) industries. The objective is to illuminate where synergies exist in the context of technical standards as well as government regulations, policies and practices. The thesis of the work will propose a clear and harmonized approach for utilization of existing proven oil and gas standards, rules, and regulations as a key enabler for the efforts of developers of offshore renewable energy standards.
Using process mapping and gap analysis the paper will identify where the standards of oil and gas and ORE overlap. The ORE sector is taking root and producing commercial power in many regions accustomed to hydrocarbon based energy production. The tools, techniques, talents, and disciplines of engineering required to support the offshore renewable energy industry have much in common with those of the O&G industry. Notwithstanding, new systems of international standards are being developed specific to offshore renewable energy and not taking full advantage of the legacy of existing standards already in place and proven by the offshore oil and gas industry.
The results of the analysis are presented in the following manner: Process map showing each of the ORE modalities (i.e. MHK, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind, and OTEC), highlighting the overlap with O&G activities.Planned and existing IEC and other ORE specific standards are listed for each modalityHighlight coverage of common oil and gas standards and align to each modality of ORE.A proposal to fully leverage the existing standards for use in ORE projects and to unify the ORE standards is presented.The review of Regulations is limited to US waters, and the fractured nature of the US ORE Regulatory environment is addressed and suggested improvements made.
Existing comparisons of the two industries’ codes and standards are limited to one or two ORE modalities, and this paper is meant to act as the first step in seeing ORE Standards as a unified system.
Rapid Design and Construction of a 30K CRA Pressure Vessel Proof Tested to 50,000 psi
Authors: Podnos E. , Scranton J. , Dziekonski M. 
Published: April 2018

This paper is a retrospective of a recent project to design, manufacture and qualify a NACE MR0175 / ISO15156 compliant custom HPHT pressure vessel for the purpose of conducting accelerated corrosion testing for a major oilfield operating company.
A conventional mechanical design processes begins with the sizing of the vessel via design calculations, and proceeds to creation of a series of design iterations before building the first prototype unit. This is followed by prototype testing required to validate design assumptions and safety margins. This commonly results in redesign and re-manufacturing of the components or the entire prototype unit in order to achieve the desired function and satisfy the safety criteria, leading to a long and expensive development cycle.
Virtual prototyping migrates the early "design validation" phases from the physical realm to the computer thus making the ability to test design margins safer and easier, and providing a more comprehensive understanding of the assets capabilities.
Computer aided design methods allowed for multiple virtual prototypes to be assessed, with the entire process from product launch to commercial delivery taking less than 8 months. Multiple design challenges were resolved by development of internal design practices following virtual prototyping approach. The approach was validated using laboratory tests and FEA modeling.
Numerous procedures addressing design and product delivery challenges were developed: a methodology to follow ASME BPVC design rules for CRA based metallurgies not specified in the Code; a revision of an existing 10,000 psi metal-to-metal seal design to sustain test pressures and a technique for prevention of seal moment in a many-material system with different thermal expansion rates.
In the end, using this virtual design approach, following a robust design code such as ASME BPVC Section VIII Division 2 enabled us to produce a first of its kind 30,000 psi / 650°F corrosion test vessel on a short delivery schedule that passed the 50,000 psi proof test required by our operator on its first try.
Post-delivery operator requirement changes required a re-assessment of the vessel to a higher working pressure. This resulted in a new FEA analysis following the same logic as the original analysis, but benchmarked against the "as-build" material properties instead of the original material specifications. Post analysis; the vessel was physically validated by a hydro-test to 50,000 psi.
Design Considerations to Minimize Hydrocarbon Entrainment in the Aqueous Phase
Authors: Latta T. M. , Acosta E. J. , Teeffelen N. van , Sveen J. K. , Tienhaara M. K. S. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
It is critical to minimize the amount of free hydrocarbon entrained in the aqueous phase (i.e., Produced Water or Rich Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) streams) in order to mitigate impact on the operational performance of the Effluent Water Treatment and MEG Recovery Unit facilities. Hydrocarbon entrainment in Produced Water or Rich MEG is often the result of process conditions that favour emulsion formation and/or hinder emulsion separation. Consequently there is a need to look at the process and equipment design employed, along the flow path that the hydrocarbon/aqueous phase travels through, prior to entering the separation equipment used for hydrocarbon removal from the aqueous phase, as well as the separation equipment itself.
The paper will present a roadmap of the overall route that the aqueous stream can take to offer insight into the process units affected by improper hydrocarbon removal. Operational situations arising from the impact of excessive hydrocarbon entrainment will be given as well as a summary of wellhead operating parameters that need to be considered in terms of their impact on equipment selection/design.
The flow path, to be focused on, starts at the reservoir/wellhead and ends where the aqueous stream leaves the final hydrocarbon removal equipment, just upstream of either the Effluent Water Treatment or MEG Recovery Unit facilities.
Factors concerning emulsion formation and separation are introduced as required to describe how process fluid properties and flow conditions influence the formation of emulsions and the separation of hydrocarbons from the aqueous phase.
How to improve on existing methods for the selection/design of liquid-liquid separators by considering and trying to estimate the entire droplet size distribution (DSD) of the dispersed phase in the stream entering the separation equipment, along with estimating the amount of coalescence, will be elaborated on. This is paramount to ensure the correct equipment is selected, especially when the low end of the distribution, particularly drops below 20 μm, can be quite difficult to remove.
Design considerations to minimize hydrocarbon content in the aqueous phase will be discussed and involve looking at key areas of energy dissipation (e.g., choke and control valves) regarding the range of fluid properties and process conditions, and the estimation/influence of drop size distribution/fractional interface coalescence efficiency (fICE) on the selection/sizing of fluid-fluid separator technology.
Examples of dealing with emulsion issues occurring in industry, as per vendor experience, will be presented as well as available vendor equipment technology. General recommendations concerning lab bench testing, modelling, and equipment/chemical vendor testing will also be discussed.
Steel Lazy Wave Risers SLWRs Towing: A Cost Effective Alternative for Deepwater Gas Developments
Authors: Ryan John , Eyssautier Stéphan , Brouard Yann , Roniawan Kemas Erwin , Doskeland Oystein 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Deepwater gas fields usuallyrequire large diameter risers to provide high flowrate. Steel catenary risers (SCRs) are a feasible solutionwhere the requirement for large diametersrules out the use of flexible risers. To improve fatigue performance and platform payload, SCRsare sometimes fitted withpermanent buoyancy modules, forming a wave shape, and are called Steel Lazy Wave Risers (SLWRs).
SLWRs are typically installed by large pipelay vessels using the J-lay method. Some challenges for SLWR installation are the high top tension requirement, as well as offshore welding of large diameter (and often CRA clad) lines on critical path. These factors contribute to the cost and risk of installation. Utilising a towed installation method canreduce these risks, and remove the need for a J-lay vessel.
This paper describesthe methodology for towing a SLWR in asingle length using previously established methods for pipeline bundles. A case study based on a large deepwater gas field offshore Australia has been used to show the feasibility of the towed method for large diameter risers. Simulation of the tow was performed with OrcaFlex™ to confirmthat various outputs are within allowable limits of design stress and marine operability. The paper also lists advantages and disadvantages of the towed installation of a SLWR when compared to J-lay.
Flow Induced Pulsations FLIP in Rough Bore Gas Flexible Pipes Test in Partnership with TOTAL E&P - IRPHE/CNRS - TechnipFMC
Authors: Décuupère Matthieu , Charliac David , Roques Jean-Philippe , Karnikian Alexandre , Galeron Gaëtan , Mattei Pierre-Olivier , Amielh Muriel 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century FLow-Induced Pulsations (FLIP) has been more and more experienced. The phenomenon is characterized by an acoustic wave that is created inside of the flexible pipe and that may lead to significant fatigue failure of the adjacent equipment. Flexible pipe integrity is not called into question regarding this phenomenon.
In this context, a FLIP joint test involving TOTAL E&P, IRPHE (Institut de Recherche des Phenomenes Hors Equilibre) / CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), LMA (Laboratoire de Mecanique et d'Acoustique) / CNRS and TechnipFMC was conducted end of 2016 at CESAME Poitiers (France). The test was performed in a 6" internal diameter and 18-meter-long TechnipFMC flexible pipe. Both flow directions were tested to assess the influence of the rounded edges of the carcass.
On the one hand, this paper presents the experimental test setup and the main results that came out of the test. On the other hand, this paper also presents the comparison between tests results and TechnipFMC analytical model outcome. Moreover, combining experiments and theoretical point of view enabled reproducing the phenomenon. A better understanding of the phenomenon will allow flexible pipes suppliers to propose mitigations or cancellation of FLIP to companies.
The Benefit of Replacing Rising Stem Ball Valves with Triple Offset Valves in Natural Gas Molecular Sieve Applications
Authors: Ferrara Marco , Casaroli Sergio 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The oil and gas industry uses molecular sieving to dehydrate or separate contaminants from natural gas. Such process involves several operational challenges that put valves under severe strain, potentially causing damage and service disruptions. In response to the shortcomings of conventional valve designs for this type of service, rising stem (tilting) ball valves have gained popularity over the years. However, several users are now open to adopt a new, innovative product capable of reducing both capital and operational expenditure involved. Triple offset valves (TOVs) represent a tried and tested solution that compared to rising stem ball valves offers a significant weight and footprint reduction while minimizing the need for maintenance.
Aspects of Design Verification Analysis for HP/HT Applications
Authors: Zhong Allan , Yin Shengjun , Apichartthabrut Terapat 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Design verification analyses for high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) environments, as defined in the annexes of the American Petroleum Institute (API) codes (11D1 and 14A) as well as by the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE), require some basic definitions and interpretation of code requirements. One of the basic definitions is the global collapse load in accordance with ASME BPVC VIII Division 2 or 3 (ASME BPVC VIII-2 2015 or ASME BPVC VIII-3 2015, respectively). There is confusion with respect to what this load really means in relation to actual failure load and maximum load (critical load) allowed for safe operation. Fatigue life assessment is necessary in design verification analysis if cyclic loading is expected during the life of the well. Several approaches to conducting fatigue analysis have been proposed by various codes.
A detailed examination of the three load types (global collapse, catastrophic failure, and maximum loads) is provided. The differences between the load types are highlighted conceptually first, then illustrated through finite element analysis (FEA) and published test data in the literature.
The ASME BPVC VIII Division 2 and Division 3 load factors for global collapse analysis are evaluated, and factors that affect the conclusions are delineated. Various fatigue analysis approaches are evaluated to help illustrate the difference and effect of these approaches on design verification analysis for HPHT applications.
Theoretically, the global collapse load, as defined in ASME BPVC VIII Division 2 or 3, is greater than or equal to the catastrophic (theoretical or physical) failure load, and the catastrophic failure load is larger than the maximum load. The global collapse analysis is a verification analysis against the global collapse load definition; therefore, questions are raised when load ratings are derived from global collapse load predicted from FEA. However, uncertainties remain regarding which fatigue evaluation approach is most suitable for HPHT applications.
This study provides a clear basis for load assessment, highlighting how industry-wide consensus is necessary for precise HPHT design verification analysis.
SEAR JIP: The Value of Sharing of Lessons Learned on Subsea Integrity and Reliability
Authors: Botto Adriana , Smith Harvey , Tomar Manish , Marstrand Jesper , Ferrier Stuart , Merrick Christopher , Forsyth Helena 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The Subsea Equipment Australian Reliability (SEAR) Joint Industry Project (JIP); is a partnership led by Wood and supported by a group of Operators namely Chevron, Conoco Phillips, Inpex, PTTEP Australasia, Shell and Woodside. Now delivering Phase IV, the project is focused on collaboration and knowledge sharing in order to improve subsea equipment design, improve reliability, and reduce interventions; with the ultimate goal of reducing the cost to operate subsea equipment in Australia.
The SEAR JIP was kicked off in 2014, when local Operators identified that subsea equipment was failing prematurely and estimated the cost impact of poor equipment performance. The SEAR project has since, through sharing of failure and design data, developed a reliability database to collect asset and failure information from SEAR members with Australian offshore operations. The SEAR database provides a low cost / high value method of capturing, sharing all subsea failures and lessons learnt for this region and allows comparison of Australian subsea equipment performance with other industry data sources. Over the years, the JIP has focused on different but common industry challenges, such as the impact of marine fouling affecting operability during interventions and umbilical performance. The ability to better understand subsea equipment failures and intervention requirements has the potential to offer Operators significant cost savings, by optimising equipment reliability / availability and reducing interventions.
This paper will present an overview of the SEAR JIP including its scope, deliverables, key issues of common interest and what the JIP has achieved to date. The paper will conclude with a look ahead to the future vision for SEAR and the value of continued collaboration.
Cost Reduction in E&P, IMR, and Survey Operations Using Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Authors: Anderson Brian S. 
Published: April 2018

As a result of intense pressure to reduce costs in offshore oil and gas operations, there has been a surge in support and use of ruggedized unmanned surface vehicles (USVs or ASVs) for several standard tasks in Exploration and Production (E&P), Inspection, Maintenance and Repair (IMR), and Survey operations. As illustrated in several recent case studies from marine construction, seismic, pipelay, hydrographic, and environmental applications, this technology is no longer in development mode, but has in fact become a key element in the re-tooling of the offshore industry for more efficient and safer operations.
This paper addresses and reviews a number of important design considerations for ASVs being used in the offshore oil and gas industry. Applications which will be elaborated will include pipeline route surveys, ROV tracking/touch down monitoring, LBL array box-in and calibrations, as-built geophysical surveys for pipelines, unmanned seismic energy source operations for reservoir monitoring, marine mammal acoustic and visual monitoring, and hydrocarbon leak/seep detection operations.
Included in this paper are case study observations and data from projects offshore Europe, Gulf of Mexico, the Mediterranean Sea, and Alaska. These results in several cases will also be presented to provide a clear comparison between standard methods showing the cost savings achieved by use of this technology. In all cases, the decreased project costs were made in parallel with no loss of data quality. In some cases, an improvement in data quality over standard methods was made, along with the decreased operational costs.
The use of unmanned surface systems in offshore oil and gas operations has become a proven cost reduction tool. A growing number of contractors and operators are now using this technology with good results. In some cases, operators are now specifying this technology be offered by their contractors in order to reduce costs, with measurable results. The decrease in at-sea man hours has also provided a significant risk reduction aspect.