bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G‐CLASS: geosynchronous radar for water cycle science – orbit selection and system design
Authors: Hobbs Stephen E. , Guarnieri Andrea Monti , Broquetas Antoni , Calvet Jean‐Christophe , Casagli Nicola , Chini Marco , Ferretti Rossella , Nagler Thomas , Pierdicca Nazzareno , Prudhomme Christel , Wadge Geoff 
Published: October 2019

The mission geosynchronous – continental land atmosphere sensing system (G‐CLASS) is designed to study the diurnal water cycle, using geosynchronous radar. Although the water cycle is vital to human society, processes on timescales less than a day are very poorly observed from space. G‐CLASS, using C‐band geosynchronous radar, could transform this. Its science objectives address intense storms and high resolution weather prediction, and significant diurnal processes such as snow melt and soil moisture change, with societal impacts including agriculture, water resource management, flooding, and landslides. Secondary objectives relate to ground motion observations for earthquake, volcano, and subsidence monitoring. The orbit chosen for G‐CLASS is designed to avoid the geosynchronous protected region and enables integration times of minutes to an hour to achieve resolutions down to ∼20 m. Geosynchronous orbit (GEO) enables high temporal resolution imaging (up to several images per hour), rapid response, and very flexible imaging modes which can provide much improved coverage at low latitudes. The G‐CLASS system design is based on a standard small geosynchronous satellite and meets the requirements of ESA's Earth Explorer 10 call.
Evaluating quasi-periodic variations in the γ-ray light curves of Fermi-LAT blazars
Authors: Ait Benkhali F. , Hofmann W. , Rieger F. M. , Chakraborty N. 
Published: October 2019

Context. The detection of periodicities in the light curves of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) could have profound consequences for our understanding of the nature and radiation physics of these objects. At high energies (HE; E >  100 MeV), five blazars (PG 1553+113, PKS 2155−304, PKS 0426−380, PKS 0537−441 and PKS 0301−243) have been reported to show year-like quasi-periodic variations (QPVs) with significance > 3σ. As these findings are based on only a few cycles, care needs to be taken to properly account for random variations that can produce intervals of seemingly periodic behavior.
Aims. We present results of an updated timing analysis for six blazars (adding PKS 0447−439 to the above), using suitable methods to evaluate their long-term variability properties and to search for QPVs in their light curves.
Methods. We generate γ-ray light curves covering almost ten years, study their timing properties, and search for QPVs using the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram and the Wavelet Z-transform. Extended Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the statistical significance.
Results. (1) Comparing their probability density functions, all sources (except PG 1553+113) exhibit a clear deviation from a Gaussian distribution, but are consistent with being log-normal, suggesting that the underlying variability is of a nonlinear, multiplicative nature. (2) Apart from PKS 0301−243, the power spectral density for all investigated blazars is close to flicker noise (power-law slope −1). (3) Possible QPVs with a local significance ≳3σ are found in all light curves (apart from PKS 0426−380 and PKS 0537−441), with observed periods in the range (1.7 − 2.8) yr. The evidence is strongly reduced however if evaluated in terms of a global significance.
Conclusions. Our results advise caution as to the significance of reported year-like HE QPVs in blazars. Somewhat surprisingly, the putative redhift-corrected period all cluster around ∼1.6 yr. We speculate on possible implications for QPV generation.
United States Pharmacopeia Safety Review of Willow Bark
Authors: Oketch-Rabah Hellen A. , Marles Robin J. , Jordan Scott A. , Low Dog Tieraona 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWillow bark (Salix spp.) is an ingredient in some dietary supplements. No serious adverse effects were reported from trials of willow bark extracts delivering 120 – 240 mg salicin (the purported active constituent) daily for up to 8 weeks. All studies involved adults only; none involved special subpopulations such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, or children. The most common adverse effects associated with willow bark are gastrointestinal; a few allergic reactions were also reported. Some publications advise caution when taking willow bark. There is a risk of increased bleeding in vulnerable individuals, salicylates cross the placenta and are eliminated slowly in newborns, some persons are sensitive or allergic to aspirin, and children are at risk of Reye syndrome. Concurrent use with other salicylate-containing medicines increases these risks. Metabolism of 240 mg salicin from willow bark could yield 113 mg of salicylic acid, yet dietary supplement products are not required to be labeled with warnings. In contrast, over-the-counter low-dose aspirin (81 mg strength), which delivers 62 mg salicylic acid, is required by law to include cautions, warnings, and contraindications related to its use in pregnant and nursing women, children, and other vulnerable subpopulations, e.g., those using anticoagulants. In the interest of protecting public health, the United States Pharmacopeia has included a cautionary labeling statement in the United States Pharmacopeia Salix Species monograph as follows: “Dosage forms prepared with this article should bear the following statement: ‘Not for use in children, women who are pregnant or nursing, or by persons with known sensitivity to aspirin.’”
Unusual Prenylated Stilbene Derivatives with PTP1B Inhibitory Activity from Artocarpus styracifolius
Authors: Li Wenyan , Pu Zhongji , Yi Wenfang , Ma Qinge , Lin Qinhua , Zhong Guoyue , Yao Pengcheng , Ren Gang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn an effort to identify agents from natural products that inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), 5 new prenylated stilbenes, (±)-styrastilbene A (1), styrastilbene B (2), and (±)-styrastilbenes C – E (3, 4, and 7), along with 4 known structurally related compounds (5, 6, 8, and 9), were isolated from the roots of Artocarpus styracifolius. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), ultraviolet (UV), and infrared (IR). Based on these isolates, a new plausible biosynthetic pathway for the unusual stilbene derivatives 3–8 with a tetracyclic ring system is proposed. Among these compounds, 1–3, 8, and 9 displayed significant PTP1B inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 2.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.21 – 2.59) to 8.80 (95% CI: 8.28 – 9.32) µM. Moreover, kinetic analysis and molecular docking simulations were performed to provide insight into the inhibition type as well as the interaction and binding mode of these active isolates with PTP1B. Our results revealed mixed-type PTP1B inhibition for all compounds tested. Docking simulations of these stilbene derivatives showed negative binding energies and close proximity to residues at the allosteric and catalytic sites of PTP1B. These findings suggest that these compounds may have a potential to be further developed as agents for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Accelerometer-Based Navigation in Total Knee Arthroplasty for the Management of Extra-Articular Deformity and Retained Femoral Hardware: Analysis of Component Alignment
Authors: Cozzi Lepri Andrea , Innocenti Matteo , Matassi Fabrizio , Villano Marco , Civinini Roberto , Innocenti Massimo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose Recent advances in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include an accelerometer portable system designed to improve component position and alignment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether accelerometer navigation system can be a valuable option in complex TKAs for extra-articular deformity of the lower limb or in case of retained femoral hardware.
Methods A group of 13 patients underwent TKA with an accelerometer navigation system. Three patients had a tibial extra-articular deformity, six had a femoral extra-articular deformity, and four had an intramedullary nail in the femur. Preoperative and postoperative mechanical axes were measured from full-length lower extremity radiographs to evaluate alignment. The alignment of prosthetic components in the frontal and sagittal planes was determined by postoperative radiographs.
Results At 30-days postoperative radiographic check, the hip knee ankle angle was within 2.0° (0 ± 1) of the neutral mechanical axis. The alignment of the tibial component on the frontal plane was 90.0° (range 89–91) and on the sagittal plane 5.0° (range 3–7). The alignment of the femoral component on the frontal plane was 90.0° (range 89–91) and on the sagittal plane 3.0° (range 0–5).
Conclusion The alignment of the prosthetic components has been accurate and comparable to other navigation systems in literature without any increase in surgical times. The accelerometer-based navigation system is therefore a useful technique that can be used to optimize TKA alignment in patients with extra-articular deformity or with lower limb hardware, where the intramedullary guides cannot be applied.
Level of Evidence This is an observational study without a control group, Level III.
Are Metaphyseal Sleeves a Viable Option to Treat Bone Defect during Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Systematic Review
Authors: Bonanzinga Tommaso , Akkawi Ibrahim , Zahar Akos , Gehrke Thorsten , Haasper Carl , Marcacci Maurilio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose Bone loss is a challenging problem during revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Several studies have been published on the use of metaphyseal sleeves during revision TKA. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the use of metaphyseal sleeves in the setting of revision TKA.
Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar was performed, covering the period between January 1, 2000, and August 12, 2017. Various combinations of the following key words were used: “metaphyseal,” “sleeves,” “knee,” and “revision.” A total of 10 studies were included in the present systematic review.
Results A total of 904 patients with 928 implants were recorded with a mean age of 69 years. They were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 45 months. Overall 1,413 sleeves, 888 in the tibia and 525 in the femur, were implanted. There were 36 septic re-revisions of the prosthetic components (4%). Five sleeves were found loose during septic re-revision; therefore, the rate of septic loosening of the sleeves was 0.35%. An aseptic re-revision of the prosthetic components was performed 27 times (3%). Ten sleeves were found loose during aseptic re-revision; therefore, the rate of aseptic loosening of the sleeves was 0.7%. Intraoperative fractures occurred 44 times (3.1%). Finally, clinical outcome was improved at final follow-up.
Conclusion Metaphyseal sleeves demonstrate high radiographic signs of osteointegration, low septic loosening rate, low intraoperative fractures rate, and a good-to-excellent clinical outcome. Hence, they are a valid option to treat large metaphyseal bone defect during revision TKA.
Level of Evidence This is a systematic review of level IV studies.
Use of Pericardium for Cardiac Reconstruction Procedures in Acquired Heart Diseases—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: De Martino Andrea , Milano Aldo D. , Bortolotti Uberto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Reconstruction of cardiac structures has been the goal of many surgeons even before the advent of open-heart procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass. Unsatisfactory results with synthetic materials has switched the attention to biological tissues, among which pericardium, either autologous or of animal origin, has been widely used as patch material.
Methods We have reviewed the literature to assess the effective role of pericardial tissue in the correction of various acquired cardiac lesions. Particularly, special attention was given not only to established techniques but also to detect any peculiar and unusual application of pericardium.
Results Autologous pericardium is frequently used as patch material particularly when limited valvular lesions must be corrected, while xenograft pericardium appears particularly useful in patients with endocarditis and extensive destruction of the intracardiac structures by infection and abscesses. Pericardium is an extremely versatile material owing to its pliability and strength; however, it tends to calcify in the long term when in contact with blood, although stability of the repair is maintained in most cases.
Conclusions Pericardium plays an important role in various cardiac and aortic pathologies. Tissues resistant to fibrosis and calcification to be used as patch material are the ideal solution for more successful cardiac reconstruction procedures and will hopefully be provided by the ongoing research.
Cortical Laminar Necrosis as a Presenting Manifestation of Migraine in an Apparently Normal Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sharma Shri Ram , Massaraf Hussain , Das Sumit , Kalita Arnab 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a 27-year-old female, a known case of classical migraine headache, who had a severe episode of migraine with visual aura attack which continued late into night. The next morning, she had persistent headache and developed abrupt onset of dysarthria and right hemiparesthesias. She attributed symptoms to her long-lasting headache problem and hence did not seek medical help for the next 2 weeks. The symptoms persisted despite her headache subsiding over the next 36 hours. Her condition worsened 2 weeks later during another such episode of headache. This time she developed right hemiparesis, right hemihypoesthesia, and brief and autolimited left-clonic facial movements. Extensive neurological workup done to rule out other known causes of cerebral infarct with cortical laminar necrosis (CLN) was unrevealing. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed left frontoparietal T2-/T1-/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity without diffusion restriction in diffusion-weighted imaging and subtle blooming in gradient recalled-echo and was radiologically compatible with cortical laminar necrosis. The patient improved with antiplatelets, antimigraine prophylaxis, and stroke rehabilitation therapy. Our present case is a unique one where CLN can be associated with cerebral ischemic infarct due to migrainous etiology.
Sex-Specific Outcome after Ascending Aortic Surgery in Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest
Authors: Freundt Miriam , Friedrich Christine , Salem Mohamed Ahmed , Panholzer Bernd , Huenges Katharina , Puehler Thomas , Cremer Jochen , Haneya Assad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Historically, female patients had worse outcome undergoing heart surgery. No recent data exist on gender-specific outcome after moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (MHCA). The aim of this large retrospective analysis was to investigate gender disparity in patients undergoing elective surgery of ascending aorta in MHCA at 24°C.
Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 905 (33.3% female) cases of elective heart surgery in MHCA for ascending aortic aneurysm (90.9%) or severely calcified aorta (12.5%) between 2001 and 2015. Furthermore, 299 female and 299 male patients matched by propensity score were compared. Patients with dissection of the aorta were excluded.
Results Women were older (68.4 ± 9.9 vs. 65.8 ± 11.6 years; p = 0.002), had higher logistic EuroSCORE I (18.4 [11.7; 29.2] vs. 12.3% [7.4; 22.6]; p < 0.001), and significantly shorter cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (132 [105; 175] vs. 150 [118; 192] minutes; p < 0.001), while mean MHCA time was longer (15 [13; 19] vs. 14 [12; 17] minutes; p = 0.003). Surgical procedures were less complex in women and they were treated more frequently by isolated supracoronary ascending aorta replacement (61 vs. 54%; p = 0.046). Postoperatively, men showed a higher incidence of neurologic complications (7.0 vs. 3.3%; p = 0.03). The 30-day mortality (women 4.9% vs. men 3.9%; p = 0.48) did not differ significantly, likewise after statistical matching (4.7 vs. 2.3%; p = 0.120). Age, CPB time, and blood transfusion, but not female gender, were risk factors for mortality in multivariable regression analysis.
Conclusion This study supports the hypothesis that female gender is not associated with increased short-term mortality or perioperative adverse events in elective aortic surgery in MHCA.
Recent trends in bovine reproductive biotechnologies.
Authors: Binyameen M. , Saleem M. , Riaz A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The establishment of non-invasive and low-cost reproductive techniques are key interest currently. Although, numerous reproductive techniques have been invented during the last few decades, the procedures adopted require further refinement Artificial insemination is a unique and simple reproductive technique offering substantial and rapid genetic transfer. Use of fresh semen has given good results, but success and reach of frozen semen technology is controversial in developing countries. Optimal use of sexed semen requires precise accuracy in ovulation to obtain satisfactory pregnancy rates. Further modification of the sperm sorter technique is necessary to obtain the maximum number of sexed sperm within a limited time. Embryo transfer technology has been well developed for dairy animals, but currently the main focus is on
in-vitro
embryo production. Its importance is further magnified for animals with good genetics and species near to extinction. Although cloning has been successfully carried out in many species, its cost, neonatal abnormalities and ethical use require further discussion. Transgenesis and stem cells have revolutionized the world through the production of transgenic animals and disease management through mesenchymal stem cells. These technologies are the advanced reproductive technologies which need further research, especially in bovines. In conclusion, modern reproductive techniques are a basic requirement of a modern dairy farming system but their use must be rationalized in an ethical and cost-effective manner.
gas1 mutation extends chronological lifespan via Pmk1 and Sty1 MAPKs in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Imai Yuki , Shimasaki Takafumi , Enokimura Chihiro , Ohtsuka Hokuto , Tsubouchi Satoshi , Ihara Kunio , Aiba Hirofumi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
In the longevity research by using yeasts, chronological lifespan is defined as the survival time after entry into stationary phase. Previously, screening for long lived mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe was performed to identify the novel factors involved in longevity. From this screening, one long lived mutant called as No.36 was obtained. In this study, we identified the mutation caused in gas1+, which encodes glucanosyltransferase (gas1-287 mutation) is responsible for the longevity of No.36 mutant. Through the analysis of this mutant, we found that cell wall perturbing agent micafungin also extends chronological lifespan in fission yeast. This lifespan extension depended on both Pmk1 and Sty1 MAP kinases, and longevity caused by the gas1-287 mutation also depended on these kinases. In summary, we propose that the gas1-287 mutation causes longevity as the similar mechanism as cell wall stress depending on Pmk1 and Sty1 MAPK pathways.
Ocean and atmosphere influence on the 2015 European heatwave
Authors: Mecking J V , Drijfhout S S , Hirschi J J-M , Blaker A T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
During the summer of 2015, central Europe experienced a major heatwave that was preceded by anomalously cold sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the northern North Atlantic. Recent observation-based studies found a correlation between North Atlantic SST in spring and European summer temperatures, suggesting potential for predictability. Here we show, by using a high-resolution climate model, that ocean temperature anomalies, in combination with matching atmospheric and sea-ice initial conditions were key to the development of the 2015 European heatwave. In a series of 30-member ensemble simulations we test different combinations of ocean temperature and salinity initial states versus non-initialised climatology, mediated in both ensembles by different atmospheric/sea-ice initial conditions, using a non-standard initialisation method without data-assimilation. With the best combination of the initial ocean, and matching atmosphere/sea-ice initial conditions, the ensemble mean temperature response over central Europe in this set-up equals 60% of the observed anomaly, with 6 out of 30 ensemble-members showing similar, or even larger surface air temperature anomalies than observed.
What buildings policy might look like if we took climate change seriously
Authors: Fawcett Tina , Topouzi Marina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released its report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C. It called for “rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society” to reduce the risks of increasing climate change. Energy use in buildings is one of the key contributors to greenhouse gas emissions in the UK and EU. Detailed policies to support high standards in new build and acceleration of ambitious retrofit are a necessary part of any serious response to climate change.
This paper begins with a description of key UK policies on energy use in the buildings, and future UK government plans as expressed in the Clean Growth Strategy. It analyses the direction of travel, and looks at the rate of change compared with what will be required to rapidly reduce carbon emissions from the sector. Current buildings policies are insufficient to meet the challenge of climate change. Both positive and negative examples of changes in policy are presented.
A new conceptualization of the contribution of energy demand to delivering net zero goals, developed by CREDS, is introduced. In addition, key characteristics of the buildings sector and its energy use are put forward. Bringing together the role of energy demand, these characteristics of buildings, and the broader literature on buildings and energy policy, we have set out an exploratory set of guidelines for developing policy to reduce carbon emissions from buildings further, faster and more flexibly. These are classified into the guiding principle, approaches to policy creation, expanding the boundaries of policies and focus on quality. These should form the basis for further discussion.
If policy were designed as if we took climate change seriously, according to the guidelines developed, what would this mean for buildings? Fundamentally it would require a momentous change in the culture of construction, so that what is valued moves beyond design, aesthetics and functionality, to include low carbon and highly efficient performance. New targets and approaches to delivering them are required – and this paper contributes to thinking about both.