bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF EPINEPHRINE ON THE LEUKOCYTE COUNTS OF NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: WHITE COLIN , LING TSUIN HWA , KLEIN ARNOLD M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Thirty-seven normal subjects were given subcutaneous injections of epinephrine, ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mg., and the effects on the leukocytes were noted.
2. The neutrophils rose steadily for the three and one-half hours during which blood counts were made. The small lymphocytes rose in the first half hour, then fell below normal and finally returned towards normal. The eosinophils rose at first and then fell below normal for the remainder of the period.
3. The three doses of epinephrine used produced effects which differed quantitatively but not qualitatively. The most readily identified effect of the smallest dose was the one-half hour rise in lymphocytes or the one-half hour rise in total count. A dose of 0.5 mg. is satisfactory for work of this kind.
4. Subjects with a history of allergy showed a greater tendency than the remainder to exhibit a one-half hour rise in the eosinophil count.
5. The changes in the leukocyte count produced by epinephrine are similar to, but not identical with, those produced by adrenocortical hormone or adrenocorticotropic hormone.
HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTIC ANEMIA IN THE NEGRO
Authors: BUTTERWORTH CHARLES E. , KRACKE ROY R. , RISER WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A family study is presented in which 12 persons representing four generations of a Negro family were observed. Of these, 2 were cases of spherocytic anemia, 5 were normal and 5 appeared to be carriers of the disease.
2. Several genetic mechanisms are discussed and the suggestion is made that spherocytic anemia in the Negro is due to multiple factors. The high incidence of the disease in females is again pointed out.
SEVERE MEDITERRANEAN ANEMIA (COOLEY’S ANEMIA) IN A CHINESE CHILD
Authors: DEMARSH Q. B. , BOYCE SUSAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The fifth known case of Cooley’s anemia in a Chinese child is reported. Death occurred following a febrile illness which was thought to be mumps encephalitis. Autopsy findings were consistent with this diagnosis and with Cooley’s anemia.
2. The remainder of the family showed the characteristic blood findings of Cooley’s trait.
Lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin density and immunoglobulin secretion in vitro in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Authors: Chen YH , Heller P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin (SIg) and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion were studied in 14 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 12 healthy subjects. The determination of SIgM-bearing (SIgM+) cells by immunofluorescent staining and the quantification of SIgM by radioimmunoassay (RIA) permitted the calculation of the SIgM density. In 12 normal subjects the percentage of SIgM+ cells averaged 8% (range 4%-12%) and the SIgM density 10.2 ng antigenic equivalent/10(6) SIgM+ cells (SD 4.3). In 12 patients with CLL the respective figures were 68% (range 35%-90%) and 0.68 ng (SD 0.57). Ig secretion from pokeweed mitogen-stimulated CLL cells was markedly diminished as compared with normal lymphocytes. In coculture experiments CLL cells had no suppressive effect on Ig secretion of normal lymphocytes and normal lymphocytes did not enhance Ig secretion leukemic lymphocytes. These results indicate that the impaired secretory activity of CLL cells results from an intrinsic anomaly of these cells.
Canine cyclic hematopoiesis: effects of chronic endotoxin administration
Authors: Hammond WP , Price TH , Dale DC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Endotoxin was given to grey collie dogs to investigate the mechanism of cyclic hematopoiesis. Over prolonged periods of daily administration, low doses of endotoxin (0.1 microgram/kg/day) failed to change the cycling of blood neutrophils or reticulocytes. However, higher doses of endotoxin maintained at a plateau level (5 microgram/kg/day) eliminated the cyclic changes in neutrophils and stabilized the reticulocyte and platelet counts in the normal range. Administration of endotoxin at this dose also eliminated the cyclic marrow differential count fluctuations characteristic of this disease. We infer from these results that endotoxin ameliorates the cyclical changes in blood cell counts by regulating hematopoietic proliferative activity at the stem cell level.
Characterization of the continuous, differentiating myeloid cell line (HL-60) from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Gallagher R , Collins S , Trujillo J , McCredie K , Ahearn M , Tsai S , Metzgar R , Aulakh G , Ting R , Ruscetti F , Gallo R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a prelminary communication, we described the establishment of a continuous human myeloid cell line (HL-60). Here we report the detailed properties of this cell line and document its derivation from the peripheral blood leukocytes of a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. As characterized by light and electron microscopy, the predominant cell type in both the fresh and cultured sources is a neutrophilic promyelocyte with prominent nuclear/cytoplasmic asynchrony. Up to 10% of the cultured cells spontaneously differentiate beyond the promyelocyte stage, and the proportion of terminally differentiated cells is markedly enhanced by compounds known to stimulate differentiation of mouse (Friend) erythroleukemia cells. The HL-60 cells lack specific markers for lymphoid cells, but express surface receptors for Fc fragment and complement (C3), which have been associated with differentiated granulocytes. They exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to a chemotactic stimulus commensurate with the proportion of mature cells. As characteristic of transformed cells, the HL-60 cells form colonies in semisolid medium and produce subcutaneous myeloid tumors (chloromas) in nude mice. A source of colony-stimulating activity stimulated the cloning efficiency in soft agar 5--30-fold. Despite adaptations to culture, the morphological phenotype and responsiveness to chemical induction of differentiation is essentially unchanged through at least 85 passages. Cytogenetic studies reveal aneuploidy. Metaphases with 44 chromosomes predominated in vivo and in early culture passages; however, clones with 45 or 46 chromosomes became predominant with continued passaging. The most consistent karyotypic abnormalities were the deletion of chromosomes 5, 8, and X and the addition of a marker resembling a D-group acrocentric and of a submetacentric marker, most likely an abnormal E-group chromosome. No DNA herpesvirus or RNA retrovirus was isolated in the fresh or cultured cells. The HL-60 cultured cell line provides a continuous source of human cells for studying the molecular events of myeloid differentiation and the effects of physiologic, pharmacologic, and virologic elements on this process.
Specificity of lactoferrin as an inhibitor of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity production from fetal mouse liver cells
Authors: Zucali JR , Broxmeyer HE , Ulatowski JA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fetal mouse liver cultures capable of producing both erythropoietin (Ep) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (GM-CSA) were used to study the specificity of lactoferrin as an inhibitor of the production of GM-CSA. Both a granulocyte-derived colony-inhibiting activity (CIA) and lactoferrin inhibited GM-CSA production while having no effect on Ep production. These results demonstrate the specificity of lactoferrin for GM-CSA production.
Hematologic Effects of Regional Nitrogen Mustard Therapy
Authors: BATEMAN JEANNE C. , KLOPP CALVIN T. , CROMER J. KEITH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The hematologic findings on 21 patients who received fractionated intra-arterial HN2 therapy are presented. The arteries cannulized were the external carotid in 9 cases, the internal carotid in 4 cases, the external iliac in one case and the lower abdominal aorta in 7 cases. The total dose of drug given varied from 0.25 to 3.10 mg./Kg.
2. The effects on bone marrow and peripheral blood were essentially the same in character as those observed after intravenous administration of HN2. Larger doses of HN2 were tolerated when administration was intra-arterial.
3. A consistent early depression of marrow eosinophils was noted in all cases with original differential counts of 2 per cent or more, except in one patient who had Hodgkin’s disease and extensive psoriasis.
4. A differential effect of HN2 on marrow in the region of therapy and the marrow from other sites was demonstrated by simultaneous aspiration studies.
5. Factors reducing hematologic damage include occlusion of venous return from the injected site and prolongation of therapy.
6. Only one patient in this group developed severe hypoplasia of the bone marrow. Studies on this and other patients treated by the lower abdominal aortic route suggest that more than 1.1 mg./Kg. HN2 per course in this region may be hazardous.
7. Four patients died within two weeks following therapy with symptoms suggesting profound electrolyte disturbance. It is probable that limiting factors other than hematologic may occur with localized HN2 therapy.
Observations on the Effect of Various Folic Acid Antagonists on Acute Leukemia
Authors: WILSON SLOAN J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Seventy patients with acute leukemia were treated with various folic acid antagonists. Sixty-five survived for a sufficient length of time to evaluate the effect of the therapeutic agents. Types of leukemia observed included 38 cases of acute lymphatic leukemia, 23 patients with acute monocytic leukemia and 4 with the acute myelogenous type of leukemia.
2. The best results, both clinically and hematologically, were obtained in acute lymphatic leukemia. Although the most satisfactory results were observed in the youngest age group, excellent remissions were produced in older individuals. Of 65 cases observed, an excellent clinical and hematologic remission was observed in 11 patients, a partial emission in 19 subjects, and no response in 35 individuals.
3. When a response occurred, a rater definite hematologic pattern was noted. An increased platelet count in most instances was the first evidence of regeneration and occurred in about the third or fourth week. The neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes began to regenerate at about the same time and an increase in their number was followed by a rise in the erythrocyte count.
4. Observations of the bone marrow indicated that although excellent clinical and hematologic remissions might occur, primitive leukemic cells were still present. In some instances megaloblasts were observed in addition to a peripheral macrocytosis and anisocytosis of erythrocytes.
5. Toxic manifestations were common. These included glossitis, ulceration of the oral cavity, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and alopecia. In one instance there was ulceration of the entire gastro-intestinal tract, including the esophagus and colon. Hematologic toxic reactions included thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and anemia. Aplasia of marrow tissue was observed in 1 instance. In many instances the margin of safety between a toxic reaction and death was indeed small.
6. It should be emphasized that in no instance has a cure of leukemia resulted from treatment with a folic acid antagonist although prolonged remissions have occurred.
Demonstration by the Nadi Reaction of Cytochrome Oxidase Activity in Cells of the Lymphoid and Myeloid Series Obtained from Normal Individuals and Patients Suffering from Hodgkin’s and Other Diseases
Authors: HOFFMANN GEORGE T. , ROTTINO ANTONIO , STERN KURT G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Using the Nadi reaction, cytochemical studies of the cytochrome oxidase activity of cells of lymphoid and myeloid tissue were carried out. Normal cells and those from patients with Hodgkin’s disease and leukemia were examined.
With the exception of monocytes and macrophages cells from lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood show a low level of cytochrome activity when compared with myocardial, liver and renal tubular epithelium.
Leukemic cells and those from lymph nodes affected by Hodgkin’s disease contain about the same degree of cytochrome activity as their normal counterparts, under the conditions of this study.
The cytoplasmic particles stained by the Nadi reaction correspond in size, distribution and number to particles which can be stained supravitally by janus green.
The Hematologic Aspects of Disseminated (Systemic) Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: MICHAEL SIDNEY R. , VURAL I. LUTFI , BASSEN FRANK A. , SCHAEFER LOUIS , BERGMAN MILDRED , LANDIN LOIS , MICHAEL HELEN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The hematologic data in 111 cases of disseminated (systemic) lupus erythematosus are presented.
2. Anemia occurred in practically all patients at some time during their course.
3. Leukopenia was seen initially in about one-third of the patients and developed subsequently in about one-half at some time during their course. Many responded to infection with leukocytosis.
4. Thrombocytopenia occurred its about one-third of the patients on initial counts and developed subsequently in about one-half at some time its their course. Thrombocytopenia was often seen without leukopenia. Marked thrombocytopenia, simulating "idiopathic" thrombocytopenia purpura, was seen in two cases.
5. There was poor correlation between splenomegaly and a reduction in the formed elements of the blood.
6. Bone marrow differential counts were not helpful in making the diagnosis but an increase in plasma cells was frequent.
7. The Hargraves test was an extremely valuable diagnostic aid.
8. Treatment with ACTH and cortisone did not produce any striking hematologic changes.
9. Five cases of unusual interest, including three with hemolytic anemia, were presented.
Familial Erythroid Multinuclearity
Authors: WOLFF JAMES A. , VON HOFE FREDERICK H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Dysplastic erythropoiesis, erythrocyte gigantism and giant plurinucleated red cell precursors in the bone marrows of a woman and all 3 of her children are described. All 4 subjects have mild anemia without symptoms therefrom.
2. The changes described are apparently irreversible but do not represent malignant nor agonal change.
3. It is likely that these findings represent an inherited anomaly of erythropoiesis. The nature of the genetic transmission cannot be determined from these studies.
4. We propose the designation familial erythroid multinuclearity to describe this anomaly of red cell production.
Chronic Hemolytic Anemia with Erythrocyte Fragility to Cold and Acid
Authors: LIU S. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 2 cases of chronic hemolytic anemia with erythrocyte fragility to cold and acid, although the abnormality resides in the red blood cells, serum, whether from the patients or from normal controls, is necessary for the hemolysis.
Complement is most likely not responsible for the serum hemolytic activity, because the latter, while similar to complement in certain properties, may be completely dissociated from it.
From human serum the euglobulin separated by CO2 and sodium sulphate and the pseudoglobulin I obtained by sodium sulphate precipitation possess hemolytic activity for the cells of the patient and not those of the control. The hemolytic activity of these globulin fractions is increased by chilling and by addition of acid. It is inhibited by serum pseudoglobulin II and albumin.
Guinea pig serum aids human serum in its hemolytic activity on susceptible human cells. This augmenting effect of the guinea pig serum is not due to its complement content, nor due to its hetero-hemolysin for all human erythrocyte.
In view of the data presented in this and the preceding papers, a new syndrome is suggested which can be clearly differentiated from paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria and from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Comparisons between Bone Marrow Differentials Prepared from Particles and from Random Samples of Aspirate and Determinations of the Dilution of Aspirate with Peripheral Blood Utilizing Radioactive Phosphorus (P32)
Authors: FADEM ROBERT S. , BERLIN IRVING , YALOW ROSALYN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Estimates of bone marrow cellularity based upon gross appearances and upon total nucleated counts of the aspirates were compared in 50 cases. These comparisons revealed some correlation between the gross appearances and the averages of the total nucleated counts. That this correlation did not always exist in individual cases was demonstrated by the wide range in total nucleated counts and by incorrect gross appearance estimates in two cases of acute leukemia.
Differential counts as obtained from particle smears and random sample smears of the same aspirates were compared in 50 cases. Such comparisons revealed certain consistent differences in cellular elements. These differences and their significance were discussed.
The dilution of aspirate fluid and aspirate particles with peripheral blood was determined in 10 cases. Appreciable and unpredictble dilution of aspirate fluid was demonstrated, but none was demonstrated in aspirate particles. This dilution of aspirate fluid with peripheral blood is implicated as the cause of the inaccurate estimations of bone marrow cellularity based upon gross appearances and total nucleated counts. It is also suggested as one of the factors underlying the observed differences in the cellular elements of particle smear and random sample smear differentials.
Observations on the Etiologic Relationship of Achylia Gastrica to Pernicious Anemia
Authors: SCHILLING ROBERT F. , HARRIS JOHN W. , CASTLE WILLIAM B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Vitamin B12a, derived from vitamin B12 by catalytic hydrogenation, is as potent a hematopoietic agent as vitamin B12 when administered parenterally to patients with pernicious anemia in relapse.
2. The hematopoietic activity of vitamin B12a, like that of vitamin B12, and of vitamin B12b, is potentiated by simultaneous oral administration with normal human gastric juice.
3. Observations on one patient suggest that vitamin B12a, like vitamin B12, will arrest the progress of subacute degeneration of the spinal cord in pernicious anemia.
Researches on a Circulating Anticoagulant in a Hemophiliac
Authors: VAN CREVELD S. , HOORWEG P. G. , PAULSSEN M. M. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A number of investigations were made in a hemophiliac who had become refractory to treatment with whole blood, plasma and plasma fractions. This refractoriness was traced to the presence of a circulating anticoagulant. By fractionation of the plasma it was determined that the anticoagulant was associated with the pseudoglobulin fraction of the plasma, and acted by inhibiting the action of antihemophilic globulin (coagulation globulin) present in natural blood. The antihemophilic globulin, however, was not physically altered by the anticoagulant and could be reprecipitated without loss of its antihemophilic properties.
The anticoagulant did not inhibit prothrombin, thromboplastin, or fibrinogen. It was unrelated to the lipid antithromboplastin or to heparin and did not appear to be an antibody.
Case Report: Nonspherocytic Chronic Hemolytic Anemia with Basophilic Stippling: Report of a Case in a Negro
Authors: FEINBERG ARTHUR W. , WATSON JANET 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A case of chronic hemolytic anemia, present since infancy, in a young Negro male has been reported. There were no hematologic abnormalities in the six family members who were examined.
2. The unusual features in this patient were normal red blood cell fragility, the absence of spherocytosis and marked punctate basophilia. These findings appear to conform to the syndrome of hereditary hemolytic anemia without spherocytosis described by Haden. This is the first reported case of this syndrome in a Negro.
3. Examination of material obtained by splenic puncture revealed that:
a. Stippled cells were much fewer in the spleen aspirate than in the peripheral blood.
b. Basophilic granules were found engulfed by the reticulo-endothelial cells of the spleen.
These data suggest as a possible explanation for the hemolytic mechanism that the spleen selectively destroys the abnormal stippled erythrocytes. The mechanism of formation of these erythrocytes remains obscure.
Studies on Abnormal Hemoglobins
Authors: SINGER KARL , CHERNOFF AMOZ I. , SINGER LILY 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. By exposing hemoglobin solutions to an alkaline reagent at a pH of 12.7 it was found that normal pigment is completely denatured within one minute. Thus even small amounts of more resistant hemoglobins, which may also be present in the solution, can be readily detected. Fetal hemoglobin, which is alkali resistant, may remain demonstrable until the end of the second year of life.
2. Alkali resistant hemoglobins were regularly encountered in sickle cell anemia (but not in the trait), in the more fully developed Mediterranean syndromes, and in 1 out of 4 families with hereditary spherocytosis. In addition to these hereditary hemolytic disorders, abnormally denaturing hemoglobin fractions were observed in 3 instances of chronic aregenerative anemia, and, irregularly, in patients with untreated pernicious anemia, acute and chronic leukemia and myelophthisic anemia. All other kinds of anemias were found to have only normally denaturing pigments.
3. Three definite types of hemoglobin are identifiable at present by means of electrophoresis and denaturation. These have been designated as type N (normal adult), type F (fetal), and type S (sickle cell hemoglobin). The hypothesis is advanced that the resistant fraction in the hereditary hemolytic syndromes may represent a continued production of fetal pigment beyond the physiologic age limit and the appearance of the abnormal hemoglobins in the "acquired" disorders may indicate a reactivation of such a mechanism. The implications of such an assumption for the distribution of the various types of hemoglobin in sickling erythrocytes are discussed.
4. The diagnostic significance of the denaturation test and its limitations are outlined.
Studies on Cross Circulation in Man
Authors: BIERMAN HOWARD R. , BYRON RALPH L. , KELLY KEITH H. , DOD KENNETH S. , BLACK PATRICE M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Methods for continuous intervenous, arterial venous, and interarterial cross transfusions in man have been developed and a total of seven procedures have been successfully performed.
2. The interarterial method was preferred for an investigation of the pulmonary leukocyte removal mechanism and has been carried on for as long as twenty-six hours exchanging 150 liters of whole blood both to and from each participant.
3. On three occasions within twelve hours after the cross transfusions were terminated, a marked decrease in the leukocyte count occurred in 1 leukemic participant. Marked generalized improvement in the leukemic status occurred after each drop in the leukocyte count.
4. By cross transfusing an adult with myelogenous leukemia and a child with lymphogenous leukemia it was possible to pass myeloid cells through the pulmonary leukocyte removal mechanism into the circulation of the patient with lymphogenous leukemia.
5. An excessive leukocyte removal mechanism was demonstrated during another cross transfusion by a patient with sub-leukemic lymphogenous leukemia.
6. Cross transfusion in man is experimental and offers a technic of value as an investigative method for the study of formed elements and chemical constituents of the blood under these circumstances.
7. Careful cross matching for compatability of blood and Rh type is essential and the hazards and risks of the procedure have been emphasized.