bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supernumerary teeth formation following subluxation of primary incisors
Authors: Manchanda Nandika , Anthonappa Robert , King Nigel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSupernumerary teeth are reported to occur in both primary and permanent dentitions, but their exact aetiology remains unclear. To date, there have been no documented reports of supernumerary teeth formation subsequent to traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) to the primary incisors. This case report illustrates such an unusual consequence where a supernumerary tooth developed subsequent to a subluxation injury to teeth 51 and 61 in a 4‐year‐old Caucasian girl. This emphasizes the importance of reviewing TDIs, as well as providing parents with sufficient information about possible sequelae at the time of trauma. Nevertheless, it also provides an excellent basis for future investigations, which are essential to establish this correlation and to prove causation.
Genomic changes in the biological control agent Cryptolaemus montrouzieri associated with introduction
Authors: Li Hao‐Sen , Heckel Gerald , Huang Yu‐Hao , Fan Wei‐Jian , Ślipiński Adam , Pang Hong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBiological control is the main purpose of intentionally introducing non‐native invertebrate species. The evolutionary changes that occur in the populations of the introduced biological control agents may determine the agent's efficiency and the environmental safety. Here, to explore the pattern and extent of potential genomic changes in the worldwide introduced predatory ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, we used a reduced‐representation sequencing method to analyze the genome‐wide differentiation of the samples from two native and five introduced locations. Our analyses based on a total of 53,032 single nucleotide polymorphism loci showed that beetles from the introduced locations in Asia and Europe exhibited significant reductions in genetic diversity and high differentiation compared with the samples from the native Australian range. Each introduced population belonged to a unique genetic cluster, while the beetles from two native locations were much more similar. These genomic patterns were also detected when the dataset was pruned for genomic outlier loci (52,318 SNPs remaining), suggesting that random genetic drift was the main force shaping the genetic diversity and population structure of this biological control agent. Our results provide a genome‐wide characterization of polymorphisms in a biological control agent and reveal genomic differences that were influenced by the introduction history. These differences might complicate assessments of the efficiency of biological control and the invasion potential of this species but also indicate the feasibility of selective breeding.
Eco‐evolutionary community turnover following environmental change
Authors: Lasky Jesse R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCo‐occurring species often differ in intraspecific genetic diversity, which in turn can affect adaptation in response to environmental change. Specifically, the simultaneous evolutionary responses of co‐occurring species to temporal environmental change may influence community dynamics. Local adaptation along environmental gradients combined with gene flow can enhance genetic diversity of traits within populations. Quantitative genetic theory shows that having greater gene flow results in (a) lower equilibrium population size due to maladaptive immigrant genotypes (migration load), but (b) faster adaptation to changing environments. Here, I build off this theory to study community dynamics of locally adapted species in response to temporal environmental changes akin to warming temperatures. Although an abrupt environmental change leaves all species initially maladapted, high gene flow species subsequently adapt faster due to greater genetic diversity. As a result, species can transiently reverse their relative abundances, but sometimes only after long lag periods. If constant temporal environmental change is applied, the community exhibits a shift toward stable dominance by species with intermediate gene flow. Notably, fast‐adapting high gene flow species can increase in absolute abundance under environmental change (although often only for a transient period) because the change suppresses superior competitors with lower gene flow. This eco‐evolutionary competitive release stabilizes ecosystem function. The eco‐evolutionary community turnover studied here parallels the purely ecological successional dynamics following disturbances. My results demonstrate how interspecific variation in life history can have far‐reaching impacts on eco‐evolutionary community response to environmental change.
Losing the trait without losing the signal: Evolutionary shifts in communicative colour signalling
Authors: Romero‐Diaz Cristina , Rivera Julio A. , Ossip‐Drahos Alison G. , Zúñiga‐Vega José Jaime , Vital‐García Cuauhcihuatl , Hews Diana K. , Martins Emília P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractColour signalling traits are often lost over evolutionary time, perhaps because they increase vulnerability to visual predators or lose relevance in terms of sexual selection. Here, we used spectrometric and phylogenetic comparative analyses to ask whether four independent losses of a sexually selected blue patch are spectrally similar, and whether these losses equate to a decrease in conspicuousness or to loss of a signal. We found that patches were lost in two distinct ways: either increasing reflectance primarily at very long or at very short wavelengths, and that species with additional colour elements (UV, green and pink) may be evolutionary intermediates. In addition, we found that patch spectral profiles of all species were closely aligned with visual receptors in the receiver's retina. We found that loss of the blue patch makes males less conspicuous in terms of chromatic conspicuousness, but more conspicuous in terms of achromatic contrast, and that sexual dimorphism often persists regardless of patch loss. Dorsal surfaces were considerably more cryptic than were ventral surfaces, and species in which male bellies were the most similar in conspicuousness to their dorsal surfaces were also the most sexually dimorphic. These results emphasize the consistent importance of sexual selection and its flexible impact on different signal components through evolutionary time.
Use of exogenous glycine betaine and its precursor choline as osmoprotectants in Antarctic sea‐ice diatoms1
Authors: Torstensson Anders , Young Jodi N. , Carlson Laura T. , Ingalls Anitra E. , Deming Jody W. 
Published: January 2019

Wide salinity ranges experienced during the seasonal freeze and melt of sea ice likely constrain many biological processes. Microorganisms generally protect against fluctuating salinities through the uptake, production, and release of compatible solutes. Little is known, however, about the use or fate of glycine betaine (GBThereafter), one of the most common compatible solutes, in sea‐ice diatoms confronted with shifts in salinity. We quantified intracellular concentrations and used [14C]‐labeled compounds to track the uptake and fate of the nitrogen‐containing osmolyteGBTand its precursor choline in three Antarctic sea‐ice diatomsNitzschia lecointei,Naviculacf.perminuta,andFragilariopsis cylindrusat −1°C. Experiments show that these diatoms have effective transporters forGBT, but take up lesser amounts of choline. Neither compound was respired. Uptake ofGBTprotected cells against hyperosmotic shock and corresponded with reduced production of extracellular polysaccharides inN. lecointeicells, which released 85% of the retainedGBTfollowing hypoosmotic shock. The ability of sea‐ice diatoms to rapidly scavenge and release compatible solutes is likely an important strategy for survival during steep fluctuations in salinity. The release and recycling of compatible solutes may play an important role in algal–bacterial interactions and nitrogen cycling within the semi‐enclosed brines of sea ice.
Identification of critical cysteine sites in brassinosteroid‐insensitive 1 and novel signaling regulators using a transient expression system
Authors: Huang Guozhong , Sun Jianhang , Bai Jiaojiao , Han Yufang , Fan Fenggui , Wang Shuangfeng , Zhang Yingying , Zou Yanmin , Han Zhifu , Lu Dongping 
Published: January 2019

Summary

The plant hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) modulate plant growth and development. Cysteine (Cys) residues located in the extracellular domain of a protein are of importance for protein structure by forming disulfide bonds. To date, the systematic study of the functional significance of Cys residues in BR‐insensitive 1 (BRI1) is still lacking.

We used brassinolide‐induced exogenous bri1‐EMS‐Suppressor 1 (BES1) dephosphorylation in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts as a readout, took advantage of the dramatic decrease of BRI1 protein levels during protoplast isolation, and of the strong phosphorylation of BES1 by BR‐insensitive 2 (BIN2) in protoplasts, and developed a protoplast transient system to identify critical Cys sites in BRI1.

Using this system, we identified a set of critical Cys sites in BRI1, as substitution of these Cys residues with alanine residues greatly compromised the function of BRI1. Moreover, we identified two negative regulators of BR signaling, pattern‐triggered immunity compromised RLCK1 (PCRK1) and PCRK2, that were previously known to positively regulate innate immunity signaling.

This work not only provides insight into the functional importance of critical Cys residues in stabilizing the superhelical conformation of BRI1‐leucine‐rich‐repeat, but also reveals that PCRK1/2 can inversely modulate BR and plant immune signaling pathways.
Ataxia‐telangiectasia: A review of clinical features and molecular pathology
Authors: Amirifar Parisa , Ranjouri Mohammad Reza , Yazdani Reza , Abolhassani Hassan , Aghamohammadi Asghar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAtaxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T) is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency (PID) disease that is caused by mutations in ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene encoding a serine/threonine protein kinase. A‐T patients represent a broad range of clinical manifestations including progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, variable immunodeficiency, radiosensitivity, susceptibility to malignancies, and increased metabolic diseases. This congenital disorder has phenotypic heterogeneity, and the severity of symptoms varies in different patients based on severity of mutations and disease progression. The principal role of nuclear ATM is the coordination of cellular signaling pathways in response to DNA double‐strand breaks, oxidative stress, and cell cycle checkpoint. The pathogenesis of A‐T is not limited to the role of ATM in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, and it has other functions mainly in the hematopoietic cells and neurons. ATM adjusts the functions of organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes and also regulates angiogenesis and glucose metabolisms. However, ATM has other functions in the cells (especially cell viability) that need further investigations. In this review, we described functions of ATM in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and also its association with some disorder formation such as neurologic, immunologic, vascular, pulmonary, metabolic, and dermatologic complications.
Detection of local allergic rhinitis in children with chronic, difficult‐to‐treat, non‐allergic rhinitis using multiple nasal provocation tests
Authors: Tsilochristou Olympia , Kyriakakou Marialena , Manolaraki Ioanna , Lakoumentas John , Tiligada Ekaterini , Maragkoudakis Pavlos , Douladiris Nikolaos , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is little evidence on the incidence and characteristics of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) in children. Most studies have included subjects with perennial rhinitis only, and results are based on the investigation of no more than three allergens per study. Our aim was to determine the proportion of children with LAR amongst children with chronic, difficult‐to‐treat, perennial or seasonal, rhinitis but no evidence of sensitization to aeroallergens, or other alternative diagnosis.MethodsWe performed multiple nasal provocation tests (M‐NPTs) with four locally relevant aeroallergens (Phleum pratense, Olea europea, Alternaria alternata, and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) in children with absence of aeroallergen sensitization, seen during a calendar year in a specialized rhinitis clinic. We additionally performed single NPT to children with allergic rhinitis (AR; positive control group). The result of the NPT was based on symptoms and acoustic rhinometry. Identification of nasal hyper‐reactivity (NHR) triggers was through a questionnaire.ResultsLocal allergic rhinitis was confirmed in 29.2% (7/24) of the negative SPT/blood testing population. All but one of the children reacted to one allergen and one to two. All AR children had positive single NPT with results similar to the LAR. There were no differences in age at examination and rhinitis onset, gender distribution, family atopy, and past or current environment of residency, while the prevalence of reported NHR triggers was comparable amongst the three groups.ConclusionThis is the first pediatric study where the seasonal or perennial rhinitis population was thoroughly tested for LAR against four aeroallergens. LAR is present in a considerable proportion of children with chronic, difficult‐to‐treat rhinitis and no sensitization to aeroallergens, and therefore, the performance of NPT should be strongly considered in these cases. There were no distinct clinical characteristics between LAR, AR, and non‐allergic rhinitis in children.
Outcome of oral immunotherapy for persistent cow’s milk allergy from 11 years of experience in Finland
Authors: Kauppila Tiina Kaisa , Paassilta Marita , Kukkonen Anna Kaarina , Kuitunen Mikael , Pelkonen Anna S. , Makela Mika J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe safety and efficacy of long‐term milk oral immunotherapy (OIT) in Finnish children with persistent cow's milk allergy (CMA) were evaluated in an open‐label, non‐randomized study.MethodsDuring the 11‐year study, 296 children aged 5 years or older with immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated CMA started milk OIT. Follow‐up data were collected at three time points: the post‐buildup phase, 1 year thereafter, and at the cross‐sectional long‐term follow‐up between January 2016 and December 2017. Patients were divided according to baseline milk‐specific IgE (sIgE) level and by the amount of milk consumption at the long‐term follow‐up. The high‐dose group consumed ≥2 dL of milk daily, while the failure group consumed <2 dL of milk or were on a milk‐avoidance diet.ResultsOut of the initial study group, 244/296 (83%) patients participated in the long‐term follow‐up. Among these patients, 136/244 (56%) consumed ≥2 dL of milk daily. The median follow‐up time was 6.5 years. Of the recorded markers and clinical factors, the baseline milk sIgE level was most associated with maintaining milk OIT (P < 0.001). Respiratory symptoms in the post‐buildup phase increased the risk of treatment failure (OR 3.5, 95% CI: 1.5‐8.1, P = 0.003) and anaphylaxis (OR 14.3, 95% CI: 1.8‐114, P = 0.01).ConclusionMore than half of the patients were able to maintain the targeted milk dose in their daily diet. Baseline milk sIgE level and reactivity during the early treatment stage strongly predicted the long‐term outcome and safety of milk OIT.
Can testicular artery Doppler velocimetry values change according to the measured region in dogs?
Authors: Trautwein Luiz Guilherme Corsi , Souza Anne Kemmer , Martins Maria Isabel Mello 
Published: January 2019

ContentsTesticular tissue maintenance is performed by the testicular artery, and the hemodynamics of this artery can be evaluated using Doppler ultrasonography. The aim of this study was to characterize the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI) of five regions of the testicular artery in dogs, including two proposed regions and three that have been previously described. Twenty‐two dogs were used, and the PSV, EDV, PI and RI of the testicular artery were measured in five regions: proximal, medial and distal supratesticular; marginal; and intratesticular. The median values for PSV (cm/s), EDV (cm/s), PI and RI in the five regions were as follows: proximal supratesticular (23.1, 3.7, 2.1 and 0.8); medial supratesticular (17.2, 4.5, 1.5, and 0.7); distal supratesticular (12.2, 5.7, 0.8, and 0.5); marginal (11.3, 6.5, 0.5, and 0.4); and intratesticular (5.7, 3.5, 0.5, and 0.4). There was a difference between the PSV of the medial and distal supratesticular regions. There were differences in the PSV, EDV, PI and RI among the distal supratesticular, marginal and intratesticular regions. Measurements of PSV, EDV, PI and RI of the testicular artery in dogs at the proposed regions showed different results due to the hemodynamic and morphological differences of the artery during its course in the spermatic cord and to the testicles. It is necessary to identify the region in testicular artery Doppler velocimetric evaluations of dogs, given that there is a difference according to the region measured.
Deformation at the eastern margin of the Northern Canadian Cordillera: Potentially related to opening of the North Atlantic
Authors: Enkelmann Eva , Finzel Emily , Arkle Jeanette 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Northern Canadian Cordillera (NCC) comprises the Mackenzie Mountains, which are characterized by earthquakes occurring ~1,000 km east of the western North American margin. However, no recognized convergence has occurred in this inboard region since the Mesozoic to early Cenozoic formation of the Cordillera. This lack of an obvious driver for the modern NCC deformation has generated considerable debate and various geodynamic models. We show here thermal histories derived from (U‐Th‐Sm)/He data that are interpreted to indicate reactivated deformation and formation of the eastern deformation front beginning ~30 Ma. At that time the western margin of North America was mainly a transform boundary, which typically transmits very limited amount of stress into the continent. Along the northeastern margin of North America, however, the North Atlantic was opening and may have caused horizontal forces that drove deformation far to the west where the rigid craton encountered the weak Cordillera.
Levels of CEACAM6 in Peripheral Blood Are Elevated in Patients with Plasma Cell Disorders: A Potential New Diagnostic Marker and a New Therapeutic Target?
Authors: Steiner N. , Hajek R. , Nachbaur D. , Borjan B. , Sevcikova S. , Göbel G. , Gunsilius E. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction. The prognosis of multiple myeloma is still unfavorable due to inherent characteristics of the disease and the often-delayed diagnosis due to widespread and unspecific symptoms such as back pain and fatigue. Therefore, a simple diagnostic blood test would be helpful to speed up the diagnostic procedure in such patients (pts.). Here, we evaluated the diagnostic value of plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of pts. with plasma cell disorders and in healthy controls. Materials and Methods. Immunoreactive CEACAM6 was determined in the peripheral blood and bone marrow (n=95/100) of pts. with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS: 28/37), newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM: 42/40), and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM: 25/23) by sandwich ELISA. Results. Median CEACAM6 levels in the peripheral blood of pts. with plasma cell disorders were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (healthy controls: 15.2 pg/ml (12.1-17.1); MGUS: 19.0 pg/ml (16.4-22.5); NDMM: 18.0 pg/ml (13.4-21.2); and RRMM: 18.9 pg/ml (15.2-21.5); p<0.001). Plasma levels of CEACAM6 discriminated healthy subjects from MGUS/NDMM pts. (AUC=0.71, 95% CI: 0.6-0.8); i.e., a CEACAM6 level>17.3 pg/ml has an 82% (95% CI: 70-90) predictive probability for the identification of MGUS or NDMM. Moreover, CEACAM6 levels in the bone marrow were significantly higher in RRMM pts. than in NDMM pts. (p=0.04), suggesting a role of this molecule in disease progression. Conclusion. CEACAM6 plasma levels can noninvasively identify pts. with a plasma cell disorder and should be evaluated prospectively as a potential diagnostic marker. Moreover, due to high CEACAM6 levels in the bone marrow in RRMM pts., this adhesion molecule might be a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma pts.
On desire, failure and fear: Utopia and dystopia in contemporary cinema
Authors: Klonowska Barbara 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This article discusses different concepts of utopia and dystopia and their diverse fates in contemporary film, analysing their typical representations, popular themes and tropes. It argues that in the new cinema, utopia has practically disappeared, preserved in works nostalgically or ironically commenting on its demise, its place being appropriated by dystopias that tend to dominate the cultural imagination and that gradually evolve from politically driven narratives towards dystopian adventure movies. Referring briefly to The Mission (Joffé, 1986) and The Beach (Boyle, 2000), it shows the withdrawal of utopias from contemporary cinema and their residual presence in nostalgic or ironic returns, while the evolution of dystopias is illustrated with the presentation of The Hunger Games (Ross, 2012) and Elysium (Blomkamp, 2013). The dual shift, then, first from utopia to dystopia, and then from hard-boiled politics towards individual subjectivity and entertainment marks one of the most characteristic tendencies observable in contemporary dystopian cinema. Its increasingly individualist orientation and the character-driven rather than political focus lead in turn back to the reconsideration of the meaning, value and future of the very concepts of utopia and dystopia in contemporary culture and film.
Utopian labour in The Hunger Games
Authors: Norford Daniel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Using the post-Marxist framework of Alexander Kluge and Oskar Negt’s Geschichte und Eigensinn (History and Obstinacy) (Kluge and Negt [1981] 2014), this article contends that a utopian conception of labour grounded in the historically developed forces of human imagination and obstinacy underpins The Hunger Games (Ross, 2012) and its development of Katniss Everdeen’s relationship to her own alienated labour. By tracing the formal and thematic elements of this development, I argue that both Nancy Collins’s book and the adapted film indicate an abiding investment in the Kantian schema of cognition, in which the dialectical forces of conceptuality and intuition suggest the human imagination’s paradoxical threat to capitalist processes of reification. By invoking virtual alternatives to the alienating spectacle of the games, Katniss’s labour becomes a conduit for moving from the imaginary realm of utopian hope to its actualized manifestation. This manifestation is based not only on the capacity of the human imagination, but more specifically on the willingness of an alienated audience to construct connections between their own historical circumstances and the phantasmatic material provided by plot and narrative form. The article may be of interest not only to scholars of utopia, but also to those working in film and media studies, critical theory and continental philosophy.