bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basal conditions at Engabreen, Norway, inferred from surface measurements and inverse modelling
Authors: SOLGAARD ANNE M. , MESSERLI ALEXANDRA , SCHELLENBERGER THOMAS , HVIDBERG CHRISTINE S. , GRINSTED ASLAK , JACKSON MIRIAM , ZWINGER THOMAS , KARLSSON NANNA B. , DAHL-JENSEN DORTHE 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTEngabreen is an outlet glacier of the Svartisen Ice Cap located in Northern Norway. It is a unique glacier due to the Svartisen Subglacial Laboratory which allows direct access to the glacier bed. In this study, we combine both sub- and supraglacial observations with ice-flow modelling in order to investigate conditions at the bed of Engabreen both spatially and temporally. We use the full-Stokes model Elmer/Ice and satellite-based surface-velocity maps from 2010 and 2014 to infer patterns of basal friction. Direct measurements of basal sliding and deformation of lower layers of the ice are used to adjust the ice viscosity and provide essential input to the setup of our model and influence the interpretation of the results. We find a clear seasonal cycle in the subglacial conditions at the higher elevation region of the study area and discuss this in relation to the subglacial hydrological system. Our results also reveal an area with an overdeepening where basal friction is significantly lower than elsewhere on the glacier all year round. We attribute this to either water pooling at the base, or saturated sediments and increased strain heating at this location which softens the ice further.
Floating Voters and the Rise of New Left Parties: Electoral Volatility During Party System Transformation
Authors: Mustillo Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVolatility is a central theme of the scholarship on party competition. At the extreme, entire systems collapse. Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela each went through a protracted period of change with the crash of old parties and the rise of new ones, including one representing the “new left.” Average electoral volatility grew by more than 50 percent and remained high for a decade or more. Can this churning surface of party death, birth, and change obscure undercurrents of stabilization in individual voting behavior? This project decomposes electoral volatility into two subtypes: system-level volatility—long-term spatial and temporal trends of change in support (e.g., realignment)—and individual volatility—fluid and cycle-specific fluctuations in support (e. g., electoral swing). It shows that the high volatility through the transformation has been at the system level, not the individual level. The cause is the stronger partisan and ethnic bonds mobilized by the new left.
THE SHADOW OF THE COURT: THE GROWING IMPERATIVE TO REFORM ETHICAL REGULATION OF FORMER JUDGES
Authors: Appleby Gabrielle , Blackham Alysia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn recent years there has been a trend towards independent and more transparent ethical regulation for sitting judges, which is said to promote public confidence in the judicial institution, and reflect a move towards accountability and transparency as judicial values. However, regimes governing sitting judges largely fall away when the judge retires from the bench. Increasing longevity and rising numbers of former judges raise complex ethical regulation questions. Drawing on judicial ethics regimes in England and Wales, Australia, the United States and New Zealand, and instances where the conduct of former judges has reflected poorly on the integrity of the judiciary, this article argues that there are strong reasons for extending ethics regulation beyond judicial retirement. By reference to the principles that inform the rules regulating the conduct of sitting judges, we investigate the extent to which misconduct and disciplining regimes should extend to former judges, and whether there is a stronger role for soft instruments and more formalized processes for regulating former judges. In doing so, we propose a model for the development of ethical regulation for former judges.
Who's There? Election Observer Identity and the Local Credibility of Elections
Authors: Bush Sarah Sunn , Prather Lauren 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrior research has sought to understand the rise of election observers and their consequences for outcomes such as fraud, protest, and violence. These studies are important but they overlook a significant individual-level dynamic that observers themselves care about: the effect that election observers have on local attitudes about elections. We argue that the activities of election observers can enhance elections' local credibility, but only when locals perceive observers as being both capable of detecting fraud and unbiased in that pursuit. Not all observer groups are seen as equally capable and unbiased. Evidence from a large-scale, nationally representative experiment in Tunisia supports the argument. A key finding is that observers from the Arab League—an organization criticized internationally for low-quality election observation—enhanced credibility the most because they were perceived locally as both relatively capable and unbiased.
African States: Themes Emerging from the Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review
Authors: Etone Damian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article examines the themes emerging from the engagement of African states with the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) mechanisms of the UN Human Rights Council. The underlying principles of universality, cooperation and dialogue that guide the review have given African states a renewed sense of engagement with the international human rights institution. Despite the universality of the process, regionalism and cultural relativism are important aspects in the engagement of African states with the UPR mechanism. This article considers the extent to which regionalism and cultural relativism may prevent UPR from acting as an effective mechanism for human rights enforcement. It examines the potential for UPR to complement other national, regional and international human rights mechanisms, and the danger of state ritualism. These have ramifications for the extent to which UPR can achieve its goal of improving the human rights situation on the ground in Africa.
Molecular profiling of foxtail millet (Setaria italica(L.) P. Beauv) from Central Himalayan Region for genetic variability and nutritional quality
Authors: Trivedi A. K. , Arya L. , Verma S. K. , Tyagi R. K. , Hemantaranjan A. , Verma M. , Sharma V. P. , Saha D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAgriculture in the Central Himalayan Region depends on the availability of suitable germplasm as well as natural conditions. Due to extreme weather conditions, food and nutrition security is a major issue for communities inhabiting these remote and inaccessible areas. Millets are common crops grown in these areas. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica(L.) P. Beauv) is an important crop and forms a considerable part of the diet in this region. The aim of the present study was to explore, collect, conserve and evaluate the untapped genetic diversity of foxtail millet at the molecular level and discover variability in their nutritional traits. A total of 30 accessions having unique traits of agronomic importance were collected and molecular profiling was performed. A total of 63 alleles were generated with an average of 2.52 alleles per locus and average expected heterozygosity of 0.37 ± 0.231. Significant genetic variability was revealed through the genetic differentiation (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) values. Structure-based analysis divided whole germplasm into three sub-groups. Rich variability was found in nutritional traits such as dietary fibre in husked grains, carbohydrate, protein, lysine and thiamine content. The collected germplasm may be useful for developing nutritionally rich and agronomically beneficial varieties of foxtail millet and also designing strategies for utilization of unexploited genetic diversity for food and nutrition security in this and other similar agro-ecological regions.
Whole genome amplification and exome sequencing of archived schistosome miracidia
Authors: Le Clec'h Winka , Chevalier Frédéric D. , McDew-White Marina , Allan Fiona , Webster Bonnie L. , Gouvras Anouk N. , Kinunghi Safari , Tchuem Tchuenté Louis-Albert , Garba Amadou , Mohammed Khalfan A. , Ame Shaali M. , Webster Joanne P. , Rollinson David , Emery Aidan M. , Anderson Timothy J. C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAdult schistosomes live in the blood vessels and cannot easily be sampled from humans, so archived miracidia larvae hatched from eggs expelled in feces or urine are commonly used for population genetic studies. Large collections of archived miracidia on FTA cards are now available through the Schistosomiasis Collection at the Natural History Museum (SCAN). Here we describe protocols for whole genome amplification of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosome haematobium miracidia from these cards, as well as real time PCR quantification of amplified schistosome DNA. We used microgram quantities of DNA obtained for exome capture and sequencing of single miracidia, generating dense polymorphism data across the exome. These methods will facilitate the transition from population genetics, using limited numbers of markers to population genomics using genome-wide marker information, maximising the value of collections such as SCAN.
Lopinavir, an HIV-1 peptidase inhibitor, induces alteration on the lipid metabolism ofLeishmania amazonensispromastigotes
Authors: Rebello Karina M. , Andrade-Neto Valter V. , Zuma Aline A. , Motta Maria Cristina M. , Gomes Claudia Regina B. , de Souza Marcus Vinícius N. , Atella Geórgia C. , Branquinha Marta H. , Santos André L. S. , Torres-Santos Eduardo Caio , d'Avila-Levy Claudia M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe anti-leishmania effects of HIV peptidase inhibitors (PIs) have been widely reported; however, the biochemical target and mode of action are still a matter of controversy inLeishmaniaparasites. Considering the possibility that HIV-PIs induce lipid accumulation inLeishmania amazonensis, we analysed the effects of lopinavir on the lipid metabolism ofL. amazonensispromastigotes. To this end, parasites were treated with lopinavir at different concentrations and analysed by fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluorimetry, using a fluorescent lipophilic marker. Then, the cellular ultrastructure of treated and control parasites was analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the lipid composition was investigated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Finally, the sterol content was assayed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). TEM analysis revealed an increased number of lipid inclusions in lopinavir-treated cells, which was accompanied by an increase in the lipophilic content, in a dose-dependent manner. TLC and GC–MS analysis revealed a marked increase of cholesterol-esters and cholesterol. In conclusion, lopinavir-induced lipid accumulation and affected lipid composition inL. amazonensisin a concentration–response manner. These data contribute to a better understanding of the possible mechanisms of action of this HIV-PI inL. amazonensispromastigotes. The concerted action of lopinavir on this and other cellular processes, such as the direct inhibition of an aspartyl peptidase, may be responsible for the arrested development of the parasite.
Perimenstrual exacerbation of symptoms in borderline personality disorder: evidence from multilevel models and the Carolina Premenstrual Assessment Scoring System
Authors: Eisenlohr-Moul Tory A. , Schmalenberger Katja M. , Owens Sarah A. , Peters Jessica R. , Dawson Danyelle N. , Girdler Susan S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with a borderline personality disorder (BPD) suffer from a constellation of rapidly shifting emotional, interpersonal, and behavioral symptoms. The menstrual cycle may contribute to symptom instability among females with this disorder.MethodsFifteen healthy, unmedicated females with BPD and without dysmenorrhea reported daily symptoms across 35 days. Urine luteinizing hormone and salivary progesterone (P4) were used to confirm ovulation and cycle phase. Cyclical worsening of symptoms was evaluated using (1) phase contrasts in multilevel models and (2) the Carolina Premenstrual Assessment Scoring System (C-PASS), a protocol for evaluating clinically significant cycle effects on symptoms.ResultsMost symptoms demonstrated midluteal worsening, a perimenstrual peak, and resolution of symptoms in the follicular or ovulatory phase. Post-hoc correlations with person-centered progesterone revealed negative correlations with most symptoms. Depressive symptoms showed an unexpected delayed pattern in which baseline levels of symptoms were observed in the ovulatory and midluteal phases, and exacerbations were observed during both the perimenstrual and follicular phases. The majority of participants met C-PASS criteria for clinically significant (⩾30%) symptom exacerbation. All participants met the emotional instability criterion of BPD, and no participant met DSM-5 criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).ConclusionsFemales with BPD may be at elevated risk for perimenstrual worsening of emotional symptoms. Longitudinal studies with fine-grained hormonal measurement as well as hormonal experiments are needed to determine the pathophysiology of perimenstrual exacerbation in BPD.
How the Social Determinants of Indigenous Health became Policy Reality for Australia's National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan
Authors: FISHER MATTHEW , BATTAMS SAMANTHA , MCDERMOTT DENNIS , BAUM FRAN , MACDOUGALL COLIN 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe paper analyses the policy process which enabled the successful adoption of Australia's National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013–2023 (NATSIHP), which is grounded in an understanding of the Social Determinants of Indigenous Health (SDIH). Ten interviews were conducted with key policy actors directly involved in its development. The theories we used to analyse qualitative data were the Advocacy Coalition Framework, the Multiple Streams Approach, policy framing and critical constructionism. We used a complementary approach to policy analysis. The NATSIHP acknowledges the importance of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter, Aboriginal) culture and the health effects of racism, and explicitly adopts a human-rights-based approach. This was enabled by a coalition campaigning to ‘Close the Gap’ (CTG) in health status between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians. The CTG campaign, and key Aboriginal health networks associated with it, operated as an effective advocacy coalition, and policy entrepreneurs emerged to lead the policy agenda. Thus, Aboriginal health networks were able to successfully contest conventional problem conceptions and policy framings offered by government policy actors and drive a paradigm shift for Aboriginal health to place SDIH at the centre of the NATSIHP policy. Implications of this research for policy theory and for other policy environments are considered along with suggestions for future research.
The Slope of Surfaces with Albanese Dimension One
Authors: VIDUSSI STEFANO 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMendes Lopes and Pardini showed that minimal general type surfaces of Albanese dimension one have slopes K2/χ dense in the interval [2,8]. This result was completed to cover the admissible interval [2,9] by Roulleau and Urzua, who proved that surfaces with fundamental group equal to that of any curve of genus g ≥ 1 (in particular, having Albanese dimension one) give a set of slopes dense in [6,9]. In this note we provide a second construction that complements that of Mendes Lopes–Pardini, to recast a dense set of slopes in [8,9] for surfaces of Albanese dimension one. These surfaces arise as ramified double coverings of cyclic covers of the Cartwright–Steger surface.
From Sweden to Singapore: The Relevance of Foreign Models for China's Rise
Authors: Yang Kai , Ortmann Stephan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChina can be described as a “learning state” which has adapted to changing conditions and frequently turned outward for lessons. In recent years, Sweden and Singapore have drawn particularly strong interest from Chinese academics because the two countries represent two different “third ways” between Communism and capitalism and have been useful for developing a socialism “with Chinese characteristics.” Sweden is seen to symbolize the ideals of social equity and harmony while Singapore is seen as a model of authoritarian state-capitalism. China's transformation has resembled the Southeast Asia city state's model more than the Scandinavian social democratic model. Since Xi Jinping assumed power in 2012, interest in Sweden has reached a nadir, while attentiveness to Singapore has peaked. Although Chinese state-capitalism faces many challenges, including rising inequality and persistent corruption, it will be difficult to find an alternative role model that can successfully combine one-party rule with economic modernization.
Shape computations with NURB curves
Authors: Ensari Elif , Özkar Mine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFreeform curves are commonly used in contemporary design practices, especially with digital modeling tools. We investigate facilitating shape subtraction and addition with two-dimensional (planar) non-uniform rational basis-spline (NURB) curves with the codes and conventions of modeling while preserving the visual continuity of curved shapes. Our proposed tool, developed in a common digital modeling environment, automates the adjustment of parameters for tangential continuity of curves in shape rule applications. When the user designates a curve range to subtract from an initial shape and provides a new curved shape to add to it, the tool splits the initial shape, scales and aligns the curve to be added to fit into this range, introduces additional control points at the joining ends of the new curve to preserve continuity and redraws the new curve. We present a sample set of design variations produced using this practical approach which can be utilized as a method or become part of an automated NURB curve manipulation tool for designers.
Central coherence and the shaping of expertise in design: evidence from designers with autism spectrum conditions
Authors: Dong Andy , Heylighen Ann 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes to contribute to our understanding of the fundamental cognitive processes essential to designing by exploring the experiences of people who have different information processing behaviors to those found in most people. In particular, we focus on people with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) because they are known to have information processing behaviors that are both maladaptive and exceptional. Central to our study is the question: what can we learn from people with ASC about cognitive processes essential to designing? The scholarship on cognitive behaviors associated with the autism spectrum and narratives on the experiences with design practice by individuals with ASC are discussed in relation to cognitive processes associated with designing. In turn, the individuals commented upon the analysis of cognitive processes associated with designing in light of their personal experiences with design practice. We conclude that the weak central coherence theory of autism provides a useful prediction of the cognitive processes necessary for expertise in design, and that both the framework for expertise in design and the way it is studied may require updating.
Social support for healthy eating: development and validation of a questionnaire for the French-Canadian population
Authors: Carbonneau Elise , Bradette-Laplante Maude , Lamarche Benoît , Provencher Véronique , Bégin Catherine , Robitaille Julie , Desroches Sophie , Vohl Marie-Claude , Corneau Louise , Lemieux Simone 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire assessing social support for healthy eating in a French-Canadian population.DesignA twenty-one-item questionnaire was developed. For each item, participants were asked to rate the frequency, in the past month, with which the actions described had been done by family and friends in two different environments: (i) at home and (ii) outside of home. The content was evaluated by an expert panel. A validation study sample was recruited and completed the questionnaire twice. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on items to assess the number of subscales. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach’sɑ. Test–retest reliability was evaluated with intraclass correlations between scores of the two completions.SettingOnline survey.SubjectsMen and women from the Québec City area (n150).ResultsThe content validity assessment led to a few changes, resulting in a twenty-two-item questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure for both environments, resulting in four subscales: supportive actions at home; non-supportive actions at home; supportive actions outside of home; and non-supportive actions outside of home. Two items were removed from the questionnaire due to low loadings. The four subscales were found to be reliable (Cronbach’sɑ=0·82–0·94; test–retest intraclass correlation=0·51–0·70).ConclusionsThe Social Support for Healthy Eating Questionnaire was developed for a French-Canadian population and demonstrated good psychometric properties. This questionnaire will be useful to explore the role of social support and its interactions with other factors in predicting eating behaviours.
Threat and Information Acquisition: Evidence from an Eight Country Study
Authors: Merolla Jennifer L. , Zechmeister Elizabeth J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe assess individuals’ responses to news about threat, compared to news about positive indicators of well-being, using data from nine experiments conducted across eight countries. The general proposition is that exposure to news about threat increases tendencies to “tune in” to information, compared to those presented with news about better times. The evidence strongly supports this expectation: without exception, the average respondent recalls and seeks more information about terrorist threat than good times. Further, this pattern of results generalizes to other threats. The study thematically and geographically extends research on negative information and political learning. It also has broader implications: absorbing newsworthy information is foundational to the types of attitudes citizens express and the extent to which, and how, they engage in the world around them.
NCAR Release of CAM‐SE in CESM2.0: A Reformulation of the Spectral Element Dynamical Core in Dry‐Mass Vertical Coordinates With Comprehensive Treatment of Condensates and Energy
Authors: Lauritzen P. H. , Nair R. D. , Herrington A. R. , Callaghan P. , Goldhaber S. , Dennis J. M. , Bacmeister J. T. , Eaton B. E. , Zarzycki C. M. , Taylor Mark A. , Ullrich P. A. , Dubos T. , Gettelman A. , Neale R. B. , Dobbins B. , Reed K. A. , Hannay C. , Medeiros B. , Benedict J. J. , Tribbia J. J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is the purpose of this paper to provide a comprehensive documentation of the new NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) version of the spectral element (SE) dynamical core as part of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2.0) release. This version differs from previous releases of the SE dynamical core in several ways. Most notably the hybrid sigma vertical coordinate is based on dry air mass, the condensates are dynamically active in the thermodynamic and momentum equations (also referred to as condensate loading), and the continuous equations of motion conserve a more comprehensive total energy that includes condensates. Not related to the vertical coordinate change, the hyperviscosity operators and the vertical remapping algorithms have been modified. The code base has been significantly reduced, sped up, and cleaned up as part of integrating SE as a dynamical core in the CAM (Community Atmosphere Model) repository rather than importing the SE dynamical core from High‐Order Methods Modeling environment as an external code.