bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Diabetes and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Among the Elderly in Taiwan
Authors: He Ming-Shan , Chang Fang-Ling , Lin Hong-Zin , Wu Jung-Lun , Hsieh Tsung-Cheng , Lee Yuan-Chieh 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between diabetes and future development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Longitudinal, retrospective cohort study data for the period between 1997 and 2012 were obtained from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) of Taiwan. The final available 71,904 patients with diabetes and 270,213 patients without diabetes ≥50 years of age were further matched by age, sex, and Charlson comorbidity index. In the end, 54,616 study subjects in each of the diabetes and nondiabetes groups were recruited. The stratified populations of patients with diabetes with diabetic retinopathy (DR) (n = 7,119) versus those with diabetes who do not have DR (n = 7,119) and populations of patients with proliferative DR (PDR) (n = 2,134) versus those with nonproliferative DR (NPDR) (n = 2,134) were also obtained. Competing risk regression models were used to assess the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 99% CI. The main outcome measures were the first-ever diagnosis of AMD during the observational period.

RESULTS
The incidences of nonexudative AMD (HR 1.23; P = 0.108) and exudative AMD (HR 1.37; P = 0.023) were not significantly associated with cohorts of persons with diabetes compared with cohorts without diabetes. The stratified analysis showed that nonexudative AMD (HR 3.89; P = 0.001) and exudative AMD (HR 3.42; P &lt; 0.001) were significantly correlated to diabetes with DR cohorts, compared with diabetes without DR cohorts. The incidences of nonexudative AMD (HR 0.53; P = 0.277) and exudative AMD (HR 2.27; P = 0.058) were not significantly different between PDR cohorts compared with NPDR cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS
This study provides large-scale, population-based evidence that diabetes with retinopathy is independently associated with an increased risk of subsequent AMD development.
Lifestyle Intervention in Danish Obese Pregnant Women With Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus According to WHO 2013 Criteria Does Not Change Pregnancy Outcomes: Results From the LiP (Lifestyle in Pregnancy) Study
Authors: Vinter Christina A. , Tanvig Mette H. , Christensen Maria H. , Ovesen Per G. , Jørgensen Jan S. , Andersen Marianne S. , McIntyre Harold D. , Jensen Dorte M. 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE
To study effects of lifestyle intervention on metabolic and clinical outcomes in obese women fulfilling the World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early gestation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Secondary analysis of data from the Lifestyle in Pregnancy (LiP) study, a lifestyle randomized controlled trial in 304 pregnant women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Early GDM (week 12–15) was diagnosed according to modified WHO 2013 GDM criteria: fasting venous plasma glucose ≥5.1 mmol/L and/or 2-h capillary blood glucose (CBG) ≥8.5 mmol/L (75-g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]). Women with treated GDM fulfilling local Danish GDM criteria (2-h CBG ≥9.0 mmol/L) (n = 16) and women with normal OGTT (n = 198) were excluded.

RESULTS
Of 90 women with early GDM, 36 received lifestyle intervention and 54 standard care. All were Caucasian, and median age was 29 years (interquartile range 27–33) and BMI 34.5 kg/m2 (32.3–38.1). All baseline characteristics were similar in the lifestyle intervention and standard care groups. At gestational week 28–30, the women in the lifestyle intervention group had significantly higher fasting total cholesterol and fasting LDL. All other metabolic parameters including measurements of glucose, insulin, and HOMA of insulin resistance were similar. There were more planned cesarean sections in the lifestyle intervention group (22.2 vs. 5.6%), but all other obstetric outcomes were similar.

CONCLUSIONS
Lifestyle intervention in obese women fulfilling WHO 2013 GDM criteria in early pregnancy was not effective in improving obstetric or metabolic outcomes. Future studies should focus on interventions starting prepregnancy.
Respuesta a Mariana Flores Rabasa
Authors: Cházaro García Laura 
Published: July 2018

Las reflexiones de Mariana Flores sobre la racionalidad científica y la dimensión social se basan en el argumento de que la dimensión social del conocimiento distorsiona a la filosofía de la ciencia. Puesto así, lo social perturbaría la dimensión racional del conocimento, impidiendo establecer criterios universales de racionalidad. Recurro a la historia, para mostrar que los significados usos del concepto racionalidad no son ajenos a culturas situadas y localizadas. Se han reunido evidencias de que los siginifcados de racionalidad científica están implicados en historias globales donde el conocimiento no es producto de una sola sociedad ni de épocas definidas.
Heidegger y la concepción del «espacio-tiempo» en la teoría de la relatividad especial
Authors: Simesen de Bielke Martin 
Published: July 2018

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Heidegger sostiene que la relatividad no ha superado las limitaciones de la metafísica tradicional porque Einstein aún concibe el tiempo como parámetro, escala, serie irreversible de instantes ho- mogéneos y como espacio, lo mismo que Aristóteles en su </span><span>Física</span><span>. En este artículo, se discute con Heidegger la noción de tiempo en la relatividad especial, par- ticularmente el sentido y alcance de la «espacialización» del tiempo. Se sugiere que la relatividad de espacio y tiempo se pueden interpretar por medio del con- cepto de «analogía», como proporción y mediación entre espacio y tiempo. </span></p></div></div></div>
Investigação do perfil de personalidade em trabalhadores voluntários
Authors: Hiendlmayer Carolina , Sette Catarina , Carvalho Lucas 
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o perfil de personalidade patológica de trabalhadores voluntários, comparando também ao perfil de não voluntários. O estudo foi composto por 90 participantes, divididos em dois grupos. O grupo 1 engloba 42 pessoas que prestam serviço voluntário sendo 74% pertence ao sexo feminino, com média de idade de 34,24 anos (DP=14,09). O grupo 2 foi constituído por 48 pessoas que não desenvolvem atividade voluntária e 77% pertence ao sexo feminino, com média de idade de 31,67 anos (DP=11,67). Para tanto, foram utilizados o Questionário de Identificação e o Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP-2). Os resultados encontrados sugerem um perfil de personalidade mais severo para o grupo de não voluntários, apresentando maiores médias em grande parte das dimensões. No grupo de voluntários foi observado diferenças nas características altruístas e egoístas, porém com perfil similar nas demais dimensões do IDCP-2.
Our Children’s Literature Under the Microscope
Authors: Atallah Salma 
Published: July 2018

The literature of children is characterized by the privacy of adhesion to the name of the recipient, and by portraying ideas, feelings, experiences and imaginations that agree with their recognitions and reflect their linguistic, intellectual and emotional level. Because literature is in this status of importance in our lives and the lives of our children, it was necessary to read in reality and visions, starting from some statistics and previews. We have found that it is relatively weak and few, and even suffers a crisis of existence, for many reasons, ranging from ideological to educational and academic. Factors include the tyranny of materialism and digital culture on Arabic human life, the breakdown of the linguistic power and the loss of identity, the outbreak of conflicts and wars, as well as the non-permanent presence of the favorable environment and the deviation of some educational approaches because of the lack of creative writers, and the association of this literature with non-free educational axes, the adoption of difficult models and curricula with topics that are consumed and sometimes denied, and the wrong approaches and methodologies that are limited to mere understanding, indoctrination and non-systematic explanation. The Arab countries must overcome individual initiatives and develop a comprehensive national and educational policy that reinforces the human sciences from the margin of life to its center, giving the Arabic language the necessary importance, activating the role of culture, securing the supportive environment, and developing malleable programs and methodologies that consider life issues, and the need for regularity of literature in a correct and good course by focusing on modern theories such as active, self-learning, differentiated and indirect, as well as modern monetary theories and communication, functional, interactive and logical trainings.
Psychometric Properties of Working Memory Test for Cycle Two (Grades 5-7) of Basic Education in Muscat Governorate in Oman
Authors: Albalushi Faiza G. , Almehirzi Rashid S. , Al Zubaidi Abdulqawi S. 
Published: July 2018

The study aimed to develop a test to measure working memory for students in grades 5-7 in Basic Education and examine its psychometric properties. The study aimed also to develop the required norm scores for score interpretation. The sample consisted of 300 male and female students from grades 5, 6 and 7 in Muscat governorate. The validity of the working memory test was examined through face validity, construct validity, predictive validity and concurrent validity. The results supported the validity of the test. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the fit of data to the factorial structure of the working memory. In addition, the test showed high predictive validity of student achievement for several subjects. The reliability of the test was examined using Cronbach alpha reliability and test-retest reliability. Cronbach Alpha reliability ranged between 0.62 and 0.86 for the three grades. Similarly, test-retest reliability was between 0.35 and 0.75. The norm scores were computed using standardized scores and percentile ranks for each of the three subtests within each grade.
Grade Inflation: Analatical Study About the Grades of Shaqra University Students
Authors: Al Kaabnh Nayel O. 
Published: July 2018

This study aimed at defining grade inflation among Shaqra University students. A number of 819 randomly chosen grade records of Shaqra University students enrolled between 2010- 2015, were analyzed. The results show the average of students who get high grades (including A+, A, B+) according to the grading system of the university. Meanwhile, the results show a decrease in the average number of students who got the grades B, C+. It has been also noticed that the average of the student who got the grades C, D+, D increased, whereas the average of those who got F decreased.The results of this study have shown also that the successional deviation for the percentage average of the students who got these grades A+, A, B+, B, C, D+, D, was positive, and negative for grades B, C+, F for the same period. Moreover, the results have shown a significant difference of (α=0.05) for students who got these grades A+, A, B+, B, C+, D+, F. This lead to conclude that the percentage average for students getting high grades increase respectively resulted in grades inflation.
Constructing a Scale for Test Taking Strategies of Yarmouk Univer¬sity Students
Authors: Al Zubi Amal A. 
Published: July 2018

The study aimed at constructing a valid and reliable scale to diagnose test-taking strategies used by students at Yarmouk University, and to investigate the effect of gender, achievement level, and college. To achieve these objectives a scale was developed with 40 items distributed across five domains. The validity was assessed using factor analysis and expert judgments, and the reliability was assessed by Cronbach alpha. The study findings were: Student’s utilization of test-taking strategies were moderate. Also, there were statistically significant differences in test-taking strategies due to gender, achievement level, and college. The researcher recommended that more studies be conducted to identify the factors that stand behind the low level of student utilization of test-taking strategies.
Intra-abdominal complications following intestinal anastomoses by suture and staple techniques in dogs
Authors: DePompeo Christine M. , Bond Laura , George Yelena E. , Mezzles Marguerite J. , Brourman Jeff D. , Chandler John C. , Murphy Sean M. , Pike Fred , Mason David R. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of intra-abdominal complications in dogs following resection and functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis (FEESA) versus anastomosis with an end-to-end sutured technique for treatment of enteric lesions.
DESIGN Multicenter, retrospective descriptive cohort study.
ANIMALS 180 dogs.
PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs undergoing intestinal resection and anastomosis at 3 nonaffiliated private practice specialty centers were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative clinical variables, indication for surgery, surgical technique (sutured end-to-end anastomosis vs FEESA), and evidence of postoperative anastomosis site leakage (dehiscence) were recorded. Variables of interest were analyzed for associations with dehiscence.
RESULTS Dehiscence rates of sutured and stapled anastomoses were 12 of 93 (13%) and 4 of 87 (5%), respectively; odds of postoperative dehiscence were significantly lower for dogs with FEESAs than for dogs with sutured anastomoses (OR, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.94). Among dogs that underwent surgery for treatment of intestinal dehiscence after surgery at another facility, subsequent dehiscence developed in 3 of 5 with sutured anastomoses and 0 of 11 with stapled anastomoses. Dehiscence rates varied significantly among clinics. No other variable was associated with risk of dehiscence. Eleven of 16 dogs with dehiscence were euthanized without additional surgery. Impaction at the anastomosis site was identified months or years after surgery in 3 dogs (4 anastomosis sites) that had FEESAs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Odds for dehiscence were significantly greater for sutured end-to-end anastomoses than FEESAs, and dogs undergoing surgery for previous dehiscence were significantly more likely to experience a subsequent dehiscence with a sutured anastomosis. However, variability of procedure types and dehiscence rates among clinics suggested further research is needed to confirm these findings. Obstruction at the anastomosis site was identified as a potential long-term complication of FEESA.
Use of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for treatment of unilateral ureterovesicular stenosis and secondary orthotopic ureterocele in a female dog
Authors: Auger Mylene , Bua Anne-Sophie , Carmel Éric Norman , Dunn Marilyn 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 4-year-old spayed female Beagle was evaluated because of a 2-month history of intermittent pollakiuria, stranguria, dysuria, and abdominal pain. A diagnosis of bacterial cystitis was initially made, but clinical signs persisted despite appropriate antimicrobial treatment, so the dog was referred for further evaluation and treatment.
CLINICAL FINDINGS Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large, thin-walled, cystic structure in the urinary bladder at the level of the expected right ureterovesicular junction that communicated with the uniformly dilated right ureter. Severe right-sided pyelectasia was also detected. A presumptive diagnosis was made of a right-sided orthotopic ureterocele with secondary hydroureter and pyelectasia.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Cystoscopy revealed a large cystic structure in the region of the right ureterovesicular junction without obvious communication between the ureter and urinary bladder. Portable C-arm fluoroscopy was used to confirm the presence of an intramural orthotopic tract and to measure the diameter of the ureter and renal pelvis via retrograde contrast ureteropyelography. Complete laser ablation of the ureterocele was performed by incising it circumferentially near its base. Clinical signs resolved immediately following the procedure. Six weeks later, the dog remained free of clinical signs and abdominal ultrasonography revealed resolution of hydroureter with persistence of mild right-sided pyelectasia.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of an orthotopic ureterocele secondary to ureterovesicular stenosis was a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for the dog of this report, resulting in immediate and continued improvement of clinical signs and ultrasonographic changes. Laser ablation should be considered as an alternative to surgery for the treatment of orthotopic ureteroceles in dogs.
US Presidents: Personal Dimension
Authors: Yengibaryan R. V. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction. The personality of any US president due to his enormous constitutional authority and the place in the government structure of the country has always been considered extremely significant, even if in reality he did not quite measure up to the high moral and political criteria that both voters and the international community wanted him to meet.Materials and methods. Various scientific methods such as comparative-legal, systemic and a number of others form the methodological and research basis of the article.Results of the study. The US President, who is also the head of the Federal Government, the Commander-in-Chief of the Army and the US Navy is not only the first executive person of the country, but also the leader of one of the two leading political parties with enormous political and moral impact on the whole country, and the entire world community. During his term in office as President of the United States, all America and the whole world watch him on television, read and hear about him almost daily. To some extent he sets standards for men’s official fashion and behavior in society and in the family, he is a epitome of virtue and justice. How successful he is in this capacity is another question, but the fact is that the world community discusses his actions, words and behavior, wants to be like him or, on the contrary, criticizes him and does not agree with him, and this is an undeniable fact.Discussion and conclusion. With the date of the next presidential elections approaching and especially in the midst of the presidential campaign a large number of popular scientific and other publications are published in the United States and around the world on the institution of the US Presidency, its amazing stability and the ability to effectively lead the most dynamic branch of the three powers provided by the US Constitution the executive power.
On the necessity of improving legislative technique (evidence of Federal Act no. 54-FZ of June 19, 2004 “On meetings, rallies, demonstrations, marches and picketing”)
Authors: Gagloev D. V. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction. The article considers an important issue of the modern institute of public events the ambiguous understanding of a number of definitive provisions of Federal Act No. 54-FZ of June 19, 2004 “On meetings, rallies, marches, demonstrations and pickets”Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the work is a number of general and specific scientific methods of cognition. The formal legal and logical method is of particular importance for the achievement of the goal.Results. The federal law under consideration, which is the main subject of research,fulfilsthe most important legal function – it concretizes the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The complexity of clarifying and correctly perceiving the letter of the lawsignificantlycomplicates both thescientificand theoretical comprehension of a number of its provisions and introduces verysignificantshortcomings into law enforcement practice and into the practice of realization by citizens of the Russian Federation of their constitutional rights to organize and participate in public events. In this regard, thedefinitiveapparatus needs to be substantially refined.Discussion and Conclusion. The problem addressed in the study has been the “generic” feature of the institution of public events for many decades. For example, it is interesting, for example, that the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR No. 9306-11 of 28.07.1988 “On the Procedure for Organizing and Conducting Meetings, Street Processions and Demonstrations in the USSR” did not clearly delineate such concepts as rally or picketing, procession or demonstration either. Misunderstanding the specifics of a particular form of public event local government bodies often suggested that the organizers and citizens hold a meeting instead of, say, a rally, or a procession instead of demonstration assuring people that there was nothing terrible in such a replacement. At the same time in practice there were cases when law enforcement officers, when making decisions on cases of violations of public order during mass events, referred not to the norms of the existing substantive law, but to the Ozhegov Russian language dictionary.
Genesis and progression of obligations, arising from unjust enrichment: comparative law research
Authors: Ivanchak A. I. , Kupreenkova A. A. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction. The article presents a comparative legal analysis of the genesis of the institution of obligations arising from unjust enrichment in countries belonging to different legal families. English and American law as vivid examples of the precedent system of law were chosen for comparison. The comparative research revealed the general and special features of the institution under study, as well as the trends in its functioning and development.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research consists of the general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes in the sphere of international private law: the method of the system-structural analysis; the method of synthesis of social and legal phenomena; the comparative legal method; the formal-logical method; the historical method and others.Results of the study. The results of the research revealed that the institution of obligations arising from unfounded enrichment was embodied in the 20th century in the laws of Russia, the UK and the USA, but still remains at the stage of active development. Formation of the unjust enrichment institution was based in the named countries on the sameprinciples borrowed from Roman law. This approach made a basis for uniformity in the definition of the concept and the actual composition of the unjust enrichment institution. A significant difference in functioning of the unjust enrichment institution was revealed in the mechanism of rights protection.Discussion and conclusion. The institution of obligations arising from the unjust enrichment is a unique institute of civil law that provides for the fullest realization of a person’s right to protection. This legal institution continues to develop, to which the study of its genesis and a foreign experience contributes immensely.