bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of an educational leaflet on the frequency of seat belt use and the rate of motor vehicle accidents during pregnancy in Japan in 2018: a prospective, non-randomised control trial with a questionnaire survey
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Yamada Takashi , Kogo Hiromasa , Sugawara Masaki , Nishikawa Akira , Fukushi Yoshiyuki , Hirayama Emi Kato , Ishioka Shin-ichi , Watari Hidemichi 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo determine whether an educational leaflet had any effect on seat belt use, seat preference and motor vehicle accidents rate during pregnancy in Japan.DesignProspective, non-randomised control trial with a questionnaire survey.SettingEight obstetric hospitals in Sapporo, Japan.Participants2216 pregnant women, of whom 1105 received the leaflet (intervention group) and 1111 did not (control group).InterventionsDistribution of an educational leaflet on seat belt use to women in the intervention group.Primary outcome measuresThe effect of an educational leaflet on seat belt use, each pregnant woman’s seat preference and the women’s rates of motor vehicle accidents rate during their pregnancies. To evaluate the effects, the intervention group’s responses to the questionnaires were compared with those of the control group.ResultsThe proportion of subjects who always used seat belts during pregnancy was significantly higher in the intervention group (91.3%) than in the control group (86.7%; p=0.0005). Among all subjects, the percentage of women who preferred the driver’s seat was lower during pregnancy (27.0%) than before pregnancy (38.7%), and the percentage of women who preferred the rear seat was higher during pregnancy (28.8%) than before pregnancy (21.0%). These two rates did not differ between two groups. Seventy-one women (3.2%) reported experiencing a motor vehicle accident during pregnancy. The motor vehicle accident rate for the intervention group (3.3%) was similar to that for the control group (3.2%).ConclusionsAn educational seat belt leaflet was effective in raising the rate of consistent seat belt use during pregnancy, but it did not decrease the rate of motor vehicle accidents. The wearing of seat belts should be promoted more extensively among pregnant women to decrease rates of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality from motor vehicle accidents.
The WHEAT pilot trial—WithHolding Enteral feeds Around packed red cell Transfusion to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in preterm neonates: a multicentre, electronic patient record (EPR), randomised controlled point-of-care pilot trial
Authors: Gale Chris , Modi Neena , Jawad Sena , Culshaw Lucy , Dorling Jon , Bowler Ursula , Forster Amanda , King Andy , McLeish Jenny , Linsell Louise , Turner Mark A , Robberts Helen , Stanbury Kayleigh , van Staa Tjeerd , Juszczak Ed 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionNecrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially devastating neonatal disease. A temporal association between red cell transfusion and NEC is well described. Observational data suggest that withholding enteral feeds around red cell transfusions may reduce the risk of NEC but this has not been tested in randomised trials; current UK practice varies. Prevention of NEC is a research priority but no appropriately powered trials have addressed this question. The use of a simplified opt-out consent model and embedding trial processes within existing electronic patient record (EPR) systems provide opportunities to increase trial efficiency and recruitment.Methods and analysisWe will undertake a randomised, controlled, multicentre, unblinded, pilot trial comparing two care pathways: continuing milk feeds (before, during and after red cell transfusions) and withholding milk feeds (for 4 hours before, during and for 4 hours after red cell transfusions), with infants randomly assigned with equal probability. We will use opt-out consent. A nested qualitative study will explore parent and health professional views. Infants will be eligible if born at <30+0 gestational weeks+days. Primary feasibility outcomes will be rate of recruitment, opt-out, retention, compliance, data completeness and data accuracy; clinical outcomes will include mortality and NEC. The trial will recruit in two neonatal networks in England for 9 months. Data collection will continue until all infants have reached 40+0 corrected gestational weeks or neonatal discharge. Participant identification and recruitment, randomisation and all trial data collection will be embedded within existing neonatal EPR systems (BadgerNet and BadgerEPR); outcome data will be extracted from routinely recorded data held in the National Neonatal Research Database.Ethics and disseminationThis study holds Research Ethics Committee approval to use an opt-out approach to consent. Results will inform future EPR-embedded and data-enabled trials and will be disseminated through conferences, publications and parent-centred information.Trial registration numberISRCTN registryISRCTN62501859;Pre-results.
Probing the isotropy of cosmic acceleration using different supernova samples
Authors: Sun Z. Q. , Wang F. Y. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Recent studies indicated that an anisotropic cosmic expansion may exist. In this paper, we use three data sets of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to probe the isotropy of cosmic acceleration. For the Union2.1 data set, the direction and magnitude of the dipole are $$(l=309.3^{\circ } {}^{+ 15.5^{\circ }}_{-15.7^{\circ }} ,\ b = -8.9^{\circ } {}^{ + 11.2^{\circ }}_{-9.8^{\circ }} )$$(l=309.3∘-15.7∘+15.5∘,b=-8.9∘-9.8∘+11.2∘), and $$\ A=(1.46 \pm 0.56) \times 10^{-3}$$A=(1.46±0.56)×10-3 from dipole fitting method. The hemisphere comparison results are $$\delta =0.20,l=352^{\circ },b=-9^{\circ }$$δ=0.20,l=352∘,b=-9∘. For the Constitution data set, the results are $$(l=67.0^{\circ }{}^{+ 66.5^{\circ }}_{-66.2^{\circ }},\ b=-0.6^{\circ }{}^{+ 25.2^{\circ }}_{-26.3^{\circ }})$$(l=67.0∘-66.2∘+66.5∘,b=-0.6∘-26.3∘+25.2∘), and $$\ A=(4.4 \pm 5.0) \times 10^{-4}$$A=(4.4±5.0)×10-4 for dipole fitting and $$\delta = 0.56,l=141^{\circ },b=-11^{\circ }$$δ=0.56,l=141∘,b=-11∘ for hemisphere comparison. For the JLA data set, no significant dipolar or quadrupolar deviation is found. We find previous works using (l, b, A) directly as fitting parameters may get improper results. We also explore the effects of anisotropic distributions of coordinates and redshifts on the results using Monte-Carlo simulations. We find that the anisotropic distribution of coordinates can cause dipole directions and make dipole magnitude larger. Anisotropic distribution of redshifts is found to have no significant effect on dipole fitting results.
Urban house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) are less averse to novel noises, but not other novel environmental stimuli, than rural birds
Authors: Weaver Melinda , Hutton Pierce , McGraw Kevin J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Human-inhabited or -disturbed areas pose many unique challenges for wildlife, including reacting to novel environmental stimuli like car traffic, buildings and anthropogenic noise. Animals inhabiting these environments must adapt to such changes by overcoming such novelty (i.e., neotolerance, neophilia), and either exploiting new resources or avoiding danger. Although many studies have tested animal responses to individual forms of novelty (e.g., human objects, food, urban noise), to our knowledge no study has comprehensively assessed behavioural reactions of urban and rural populations to numerous novel environmental stimuli, including noise. We tested exploratory behaviour of urban, suburban, and rural house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) in response to four different types of novelty (novel structural environment, novel object, novel noise, and novel food) in separate captive experiments, while also recording each bird for 30 min before exposure to determine baseline activity level. Although we found few population-level differences in behavioural responses to novel objects, environment, and food, we found significant differences in how finches from different sites responded to novel noises. When played a novel sound (whale call or ship horn), urban and suburban house finches approached their food source more quickly and spent more time on it than rural birds, and urban and suburban birds were more active during the ship-noise presentation. These results indicate that, in comparison with other types of novel stimuli, anthropogenic noise may be a key driver of urban adaptation in birds and its influence may vary depending on the type of sound.
Binding with a Perfect Sufi Master: Naqshbandī Defenses of rābiṭa from the Late Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic
Authors: Wilson M. Brett 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article explores debates surrounding the controversial spiritual exercise of rābiṭa – the binding of the disciple with a Sufi master by envisioning the image of the master in different parts of the body. Despite being criticized as a non-Qurʾanic practice and as a form of idolatry, rābiṭa was made a ritual of prominence among the Khālidī-Naqshbandī suborder which took shape in early nineteenth-century Syria and spread throughout the late Ottoman Empire. Tracing defenses of the practice from Arabic sources in the early nineteenth century to Turkish language treatises in the twentieth century, I argue that the Sufi ādāb manual al-Bahja al-saniyya composed by Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh al-Khānī (1798-1862) established a repertoire of arguments that have been adopted and reused in Turkish language treatises until the present with little variation, revealing a remarkable continuity of apologetics over nearly two centuries. Additionally, the article considers the role of this ritual in defining the nature of master-disciple relationships and establishing hierarchies of Sufi devotion and obedience.
Syria and Iraq as Proxy Colonies before Colonization: The Ottoman Vali versus the Western Consul in the Era of Capitulations
Authors: Haddad Mahmoud 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study tries to show that European policies influenced not only the Ottoman center at Istanbul in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but also the workings of the provincial adminstrations as well. Ottoman Syria and Iraq were, according to this assessment, proxy colonies before the direct colonization of post World War I.
Evaluating the Benefits of State-Led Language Preservation Efforts
Authors: Watson Matt 
Published: September 2019

Advocates of government-led efforts to preserve endangered languages point to a range of benefits that are, allegedly, thereby fostered. In this article, I analyse six such arguments for preserving endangered languages, with the aim of ascertaining whether language preservation can be expected to help secure the various putative benefits. I evaluate, in turn, the claims that governments should strive to preserve languages because doing so will help to: maintain the unique worldviews of endangered linguistic groups; save scientific or cultural knowledge from being lost; preserve the aesthetic value that a diversity of languages represents; ensure minority language speakers are secure in their ability to connect emotionally with members of subsequent generations; secure for all citizens the cultural preconditions of autonomy; or resolve collective action problems. I conclude that the benefits of preserving endangered languages are considerably more modest, and more speculative, than is alleged by proponents of these preservationist arguments.
De-coding Hermeneutics
Authors: Adam A. K. M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A significant body of literature rests on the premise that the most propitious way of characterizing the way we interpret linguistic signs corresponds to the practices of encoding and decoding. A sender conceives a message, encodes it in linguistic signs, transmits the message (by voice, or in handwriting, or print, or digital media) and the recipient of the message decodes it. This model itself impedes progress in textual interpretation. An approach to hermeneutics that takes its cue from broader phenomena of perception, apprehension, and inference can provide a more illuminating theoretical discourse for evaluating contested interpretations, with the additional benefit that by changing the way that we view linguistic hermeneutics, we stand to integrate our endeavors more fully with the interpretation of art, music, ethics, and gestural action.
The Earliest Footprint of a Messianic Queen: Sarah the Ashkenazi in Amsterdam
Authors: van der Haven Alexander 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A record from 1 November 1655 of a donation to a certain Sarah from Poland is probably the first documented historical appearance of Sarah the Ashkenazi, future wife of messiah Shabbetai Tzevi. Individually recorded donations by the Sephardic community to Polish refugees were quite unusual in these years, but, according to later biographical sources, the future messianic bride Sarah displayed a great talent for persuading others, and this explains why Amsterdam’s Portuguese Mahamad would give her money. Arriving as a Polish refugee around the time of this record, Sarah the Ashkenazi told a fantastic autobiographical tale that made her stand out among the other refugees and forged a bond of kinship with an earlier refugee. Moreover, she might have claimed clairvoyant abilities.
Missing Treasures: Tracking Lost Ladino Books
Authors: Cohen Dov 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A comprehensive project conducted over the past few years to locate and document every book printed in Ladino, revealed that between the years 1490–1960, nearly four thousand titles were published. In this article, I will show that many Ladino books were lost over the generations. Some of those missing books were referenced in assorted sources. Others did not come to researchers’ attention until fairly recently. This study contains several examples of Ladino books from the 16th century, which were lost and then rediscovered – due to the fact that their fragments were preserved in the Cairo Genizah or found in the bindings of antique books.
The Point of Moore’s Proof
Authors: Raff Charles 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The current standard interpretation of Moore’s proof assumes he offers a solution to Kant’s famously posed problem of an external world, which Moore quotes at the start of his 1939 lecture “Proof of an External World.” As a solution to Kant’s problem, Moore’s proof would fail utterly. A second received interpretation imputes an aim of refuting metaphysical idealism that Moore’s proof does not at all achieve. This study departs from received interpretations to credit the aim Moore announced for the proof Moore performed in his 1939 lecture. Moore’s aim was to impose a counter-example to a stated presupposition of Kant’s problem of an external world. Moore’s lecture nevertheless neither endorses a replacement for Kant’s problem nor acknowledges that an immediate implication of achieving his announced aim would subvert Kant’s famously posed problem of an external world.
On the Underpinning Mechanisms of (Epistemically) Reliable Processes
Authors: Beni Majid Davoody 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper aims to evaluate the success of two different philosophical interpretations of prediction error minimisation theory in dissolving a notorious problem of philosophy, i.e., the New Evil Demon Problem (ned). In this paper, I argue that the inferentialist interpretation could not dissolve the strong form of ned. Alternatively, the embodied construaldissolves ned. However, in doing so, i.e., in dispensing with the cognitive judgment, the embodied construal might also eliminate some basic concepts of epistemology.
Extending Bayesian Models of the Rubber Hand Illusion
Authors: Litwin Piotr 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Human body sense is surprisingly flexible — in the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), precisely administered visuo-tactile stimulation elicits a sense of ownership over a fake hand. The general consensus is that there are certain semantic top-down constraints on which objects may be incorporated in this way: in particular, to-be-embodied objects should be structurally similar to a visual representation stored in an internal body model. However, empirical evidence shows that the sense of ownership may extend to objects strikingly distinct in morphology and structure (e.g., robotic arms) and the hypothesis about the relevance of appearance lacks direct empirical support. Probabilistic multisensory integration approaches constitute a promising alternative. However, the recent Bayesian models of RHI limit too strictly the possible factors influencing likelihood and prior probability distributions. In this paper, I analyse how Bayesian models of RHI could be extended. The introduction of skin-based spatial information can account for the cross-compensation of sensory signals giving rise to RHI. Furthermore, addition of Bayesian Coupling Priors, depending on (1) internal learned models of relatedness (coupling strength) of sensory cues, (2) scope of temporal binding windows, and (3) extension of peripersonal space, would allow quantification of individual tendencies to integrate divergent visual and somatosensory signals. The extension of Bayesian models would yield an empirically testable proposition accounting comprehensively for a wide spectrum of RHI-related phenomena and rendering appearance-oriented internal body models explanatorily redundant.
The Macroeconomics of Demonetization: Theory and Some Conjectures
Authors: Chattopadhyay Subhasankar 
Published: September 2019

The withdrawal of high-denomination paper money in India—popularly termed ‘demonetization’—has generated interest among common people to understand what the usual macroeconomic consequences of such one-time monetary shock are. This article conjectures (a) that such unanticipated supply-side replacement of paper money of higher denominations may lead to a currency ‘trap’ in the short run and a permanent increase in the hoarding of lower denomination currencies in the long run and (b) that the effect on the GDP in the medium run can be ambiguous in a simple IS-LM framework once the effects of variable price level and changing inflation expectations are captured through the presence of an informal sector. JEL Classification: E 12, E 26, E 44, E 52
ACUTE ABDOMEN systemic sonographic approach to acute abdomen in emergency department: a case series
Authors: Al Ali Maryam , Jabbour Sarah , Alrajaby Salma 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Acute abdomen is a medical emergency with a wide spectrum of etiologies. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can help in early identification and management of the causes. The ACUTE–ABDOMEN protocol was created by the authors to aid in the evaluation of acute abdominal pain using a systematic sonographic approach, integrating the same core ultrasound techniques already in use—into one mnemonic. This mnemonic ACUTE means: A: abdominal aortic aneurysm; C: collapsed inferior vena cava; U: ulcer (perforated viscus); T: trauma (free fluid); E: ectopic pregnancy, followed by ABDOMEN which stands: A: appendicitis; B: biliary tract; D: distended bowel loop; O: obstructive uropathy; Men: testicular torsion/Women: ovarian torsion. The article discusses two cases of abdominal pain the diagnosis and management of which were directed and expedited as a result of using the ACUTE–ABDOMEN protocol. The first case was of a 33-year-old male, who presented with a 3-day history of abdominal pain, vomiting and constipation. Physical exam revealed a soft abdomen with generalized tenderness and normal bowel sounds. Laboratory tests were normal. A bedside ultrasound done using the ACUTE–ABDOMEN protocol showed signs of intussusception. This was confirmed by CT-abdomen. The second case was of a 70-year-old female, a known case of diabetes and hypertension, who presented with a 3-hour history of abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. She had a normal physical exam and laboratory studies. Her symptoms mimicking simple gastroenteritis had improved. However, bedside ultrasound, using the ACUTE–ABDOMEN protocol showed localized free fluid with dilated small bowel loop in right lower quadrant with absent peristalsis. A CT abdomen confirmed a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction. These two cases demonstrate that the usefulness of applying POCUS in a systematic method—like the “ACUTE–ABDOMEN” approach—can aid in patient diagnosis and management.

Case presentation
We are presenting two cases of undifferentiated acute abdomen pain, where ACUTE ABDOMEN sonographic approach was applied and facilitated the accurate patient management and disposition.

Conclusion
ACUTE ABDOMEN sonographic approach in acute abdomen can play an important role in ruling out critical diagnosis, and can guide emergency physician or any critical care physician in patient management.
Hepatitis B virus reactivation sustained by a hepatitis B virus surface antigen immune-escape mutant isolate in a patient who was hepatitis B core antibody positive during treatment with sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for hepatitis C virus infection: a case report
Authors: Foroghi Biland Luca , Ferrari Ludovica , Malagnino Vincenzo , Teti Elisabetta , Cerva Carlotta , Gentile Adele , Aragri Marianna , Salpini Romina , Svicher Valentina , Andreoni Massimo , Sarmati Loredana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Although several cases of hepatitis B virus reactivation have been described in patients with a history of hepatitis B virus infection while undergoing treatment for hepatitis C virus infection with direct acting antivirals, the question of whether hepatitis B virus surface antigen immune-escape mutations might play a role has not been addressed so far.

Case presentation
We report a case of hepatitis B virus reactivation in a Caucasian patient infected with hepatitis C virus during treatment with sofosbuvir and velpatasvir. A 50-year-old man with a genotype 1a hepatitis C virus infection was considered for therapy. His serological profile was hepatitis B virus surface antigen-negative, hepatitis B virus core antibody-positive, hepatitis B virus surface antibody-negative, and anti-hepatitis D virus-positive. The detection of hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) indicated active viral replication during the direct acting antiviral treatment that spontaneously returned to undetectable levels after treatment completion. Starting from week 12 after the end of treatment, hepatitis B virus surface antibody titers and hepatitis B virus e antibody developed. Sequencing analysis revealed the hepatitis B virus genotype D3 and the presence of two relevant immune-escape mutations (P120S and T126I) in the major hydrophilic region by analyzing the S region.

Conclusions
We speculate that the presence of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen mutations, endowed with the enhanced capability to elude the immune response, could play a role in hepatitis B virus reactivation. This observation confirms that occult hepatitis B infection should also be carefully monitored, through surveillance of the hepatitis B virus viral load before and during direct acting antiviral treatment of hepatitis C virus.