bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Karian Sites and Inscriptions.—Part II
Authors: Paton W. R. , Myres J. L. 
Published: June 2019

A Short journey round the north side of Mt. Latmos, undertaken in the autumn of 1896, has enabled W.R.P. to complete his investigation of the ancient sites of this neighbourhood. The purely geographical results are appended to our paper in Journ. Roy. Geogr. Soc. ix. (January, 1897), and are incorporated in the map which, by the courtesy of the Royal Geographical Society, we are able to append to this account of the archaeological results. The latter are arranged in geographical order along the actual route.At Sirgin Kishla on the Deniz Liman (Latmic Gulf) the fortified site or ‘kastron’ turns out to be a late mediaeval settlement.
VIII / Mogollon Subsistence
Authors: Wheat Joe Ben 
Published: June 2019

Of the basic elements of the Mogollon subsistence pattern there can be little doubt. Hunting, gathering, and agriculture each played its part. However, the question of relative importance of each in the total pattern has never been satisfactorily answered. There is ample evidence that each was practised; but only for one small area do we have the quantitative data necessary to assess their status.A rich fauna recovered at Harris and Mogollon villages led Haury to postulate heavy reliance on hunting as well as on agriculture (Haury 1936b:92-93). A similar situation prevailed at Forestdale Ruin during Mogollon 3, where the number of deer bones recovered makes it seem likely that as much reliance was placed on hunting as on agriculture (Haury 1941).
New Powerful Methods for Photometry of CCD Images in Crowded Fields
Authors: Alard C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractImage subtraction is an interesting new alternative to the classical profile fitting method (DAOPHOT or DoPHOT) for finding variable stars and producing their light curves. In crowded fields this new method can lead to large improvements in the photometric accuracy. The method is based on finding the best kernel solution in order to match two images as closely as possible. This approach leads to simple mathematical equations. It is possible to find a general solution to these equations which require very reasonable computing times. It is also shown that even in the case of a spatially variable kernel an optimal solution can be found with minimum computing time. Constant flux scaling can be imposed in this case without changing the basis of the algorithm. The method is illustrated using a set of images of the central region of the globular cluster M5. Only 26 variables were found by processing this data set with DoPHOT, while 61 were found with image subtraction. A large photometric improvement was also found for the 26 variables in common. The maximum improvement achieved by using image subtraction was a factor of 20 with respect to DoPHOT. The accuracy achieved with image subtraction is comparable to what was achieved with HST in a small region around the M5 center. One consequence of this photometric improvement was the discovery of an RR Lyrae star pulsating in a nonradial mode in M5. Finally, it is concluded that image subtraction is a technique of choice when dealing with variability, and that it is important to use it when the field is crowded. It is also important to note that image subtraction may open new possibilities in the investigation of very crowded fields, even with relatively small telescope from the ground.
Mira Variables: Statistical Parallaxes, Kinematics and Period–Luminosity Relation
Authors: Kilpio E. , Malkov O. , Kharchenko N. , Schilbach E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBased on the statistical parallaxes, the mean absolute magnitudes and the spatial kinematical parameters were determined as functions of the periods for Mira variables given in the GCVS-4 and selected stars for which new kinematical data were obtained during the last decade. The BC were derived for the oxygen-rich Miras and the P–L relation was compared with predictions from pulsation theory. The following findings result from this analysis:1) With respect to Miras, the GCVS-4 is complete down to V = 9m.2) The kinematical and orbital parameters indicate a higher age for the oxygen-rich Miras pulsating with smaller periods.3) The Mbol-period relation of the oxygen-rich Miras shows a low dispersion and does not depend on the pulsation mode. The resulting P–L relation is a superposition of P–L relations of different pulsation modes.4) The fraction of the fundamental mode pulsators decreases with increasing pulsation period.
DIRECT Distances to Local Group Galaxies
Authors: Sasselov Dimitar D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe two nearby galaxies, M31 and M33, are stepping stones for most of our current efforts to understand the evolving universe at large scales. We are undertaking a long term project, called DIRECT, to improve the direct distance estimate to M31 and M33. The massive photometry we have obtained as part of our project over the past 3 years provides us with very good light curves for known and new Cepheid variables, a large number of eclipsing binaries and other variable stars.
Phase Lag of Classical Cepheids and RR Lyrae Stars
Authors: Ogloza W. , Moskalik P. , Kanbur S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is a well-known property of Cepheids and RR Lyrae variables that their maximum brightness approximately coincides with the maximum expansion velocity. A more detailed investigation (Carson & Stothers 1984; Simon 1984) has shown that the velocity curve is in fact slightly retarded with the respect to the light variations. In this report we discuss the trends in the observed phase lag for an extensive sample of classical Cepheids and RRab variables.
New Results of Moscow Cepheid Radial Velocity Programme
Authors: Gorynya N. A. , Samus N. N. , Sachkov M. E. , Antipin S. V. , Rastorgouev A. S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA sequence similar to Hertzsprung progression was revealed for Cepheid radial-velocity curves. We separated two pulsation modes for six double-mode Cepheids and determined radii for five of them. Several new spectroscopic-binary Cepheids were discovered; we present new preliminary orbital periods for V496 Aql, VY Cyg, and V1334 Cyg, in a combined table of our results on Cepheid binarity.
First Detection of a Frequency Multiplet in the Line Profile Variations of RR Lyrae: Towards an Understanding of the Blazhko Effect
Authors: Kolenberg K. , Aerts C. , Chadid M. , Gillet D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe provide the first detection of a frequency multiplet in the line profile variations of RR Lyrae. Performing a period analysis on 669 high resolution line profiles obtained with the spectrograph ELODIE at OHP, we clearly detect a multiplet structure, with a separation equal to the Blazhko frequency, around the main frequency and its harmonics. The triplet components are very prominent; additional observations are needed to decide about the existence of a quintuplet. The complete understanding of the origin of the Blazhko effect still needs further theoretical modelling and better observations. Our detection of the frequency multiplet in the line profile variations is a first essential step towards a decisive confrontation between the theoretical models and the observations.
Nonradial Modes in RR Lyrae Stars
Authors: Dziembowski W. A. , Cassisi S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe surveyed nonradial mode properties in evolutionary sequences of RR Lyrae star models, focusing attention on modes that may be driven by the opacity mechanism and on those that may be excited as a consequence of the 1:1 resonance with the radial pulsation. Our survey shows that all RR Lyrae star models share all qualitative properties of the nonradial modes. There is always a large number of unstable low degree modes with frequencies close to unstable radial modes. However, owing to higher mode inertia, for most of nonradial modes the driving rates are much lower than those for radial modes. The exceptions are the strongly trapped (STU) modes which begin with ℓ degrees 7 to 10 (depending on the model) at frequencies somewhat above the fundamental radial mode, and with ℓ = 5 or 6 at frequencies somewhat above the radial mode overtones. We argued that these modes are not likely candidates for identification of oscillations recently detected in some RR Lyrae stars. More likely candidates seem, in spite of their lower driving rates, the ℓ = 1 modes.We found also that parameters which determine the chances of the excitation of nonradial modes through the 1:1 resonance do not vary much over the range of RR Lyrae star parameters. According to our estimate the excitation has a high probability. In fact, some nonradial modes should be excited in the majority of the RRab pulsators and in a significant fraction of (~ 30%) of RRc pulsators. The actual number is likely greater because we ignored the effect of rotation, which increases the probability of resonant excitation. The instability may lead to a periodic light curve modulation, that is to the Blazkho effect, if the nonlinear interaction results in a periodic energy exchange between the radial and the nonradial modes. A light curve modulation may also take place in the case of a constant amplitude limit cycle if the nonradial mode is of low degree and it is not symmetric about the rotation axis.See Dziembowski & Cassisi (1999) for the full paper.
3-D Convection Models: Are They Compatible with 1-D Models?
Authors: Nordlund Å. , Stein R. F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe review properties of stellar convection, as derived from detailed 3-D numerical modeling, and assess to what extent 1-D models are able to provide a fair representation of stellar structure in various regions of the HR diagram. We point out a number of problems and discrepancies that are inevitable when using conventional 1-D models. The problems originate mainly in the surface layers, where horizontal fluctuations become particularly large, and where convective energy transport gives way to radiation. We conclude that it is necessary (and possible) to use three-dimensional models of these layers, in order to avoid the uncertainties and inaccuracies associated with 1-D representations.
Stellar Content of the Young Open Cluster NGC 6823
Authors: Pigulski A. , Kolaczkowski Z. , Kopacki G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe preliminary results of the CCD search for variable stars in the very young open cluster NGC 6823 are presented. About ten new variable stars were discovered. The most interesting finding is that of the two pre-main sequence (PMS) δ Scuti-type variables. Because the evolutionary rate of period change is large at the PMS stage, these stars could be used in the future for testing it observationally.
Identification of Cool White Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Authors: Metcalfe T. S. , Mukadam A. , Winget D. E. , Fan X. , Strauss M. A. , Claver C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe are searching for the coolest white dwarf stars in the galactic disk and halo. The Sloan survey, in due course, will identify an enormous number of new white dwarf stars which will better define the white dwarf luminosity function—an important tool for understanding the age and history of the stellar population of the galaxy. The broadband filter data obtained in the digital photometry phase of the survey will not permit identification of the most interesting of these, the coolest white dwarf stars. This is because the cool main sequence and subdwarf stars become indistinguishable from the white dwarfs in the various colorcolor diagrams. We have interference filters designed to separate out these classes of objects. We have obtained photometry of test fields to complement the Sloan data and identify the population of cool white dwarf stars. These data will ultimately resolve the controversies, based for the most part on small-number statistics, of the location of the turndown in the white dwarf luminosity function for the disk. If the halo is significantly older than the disk, we will find a second peak in the white dwarf luminosity function, at lower luminosities than the disk turndown. Our data will provide the first meaningful constraints on the location of the turndown in the halo white dwarf luminosity function.
Surveys and the Discovery of New Variable White Dwarfs
Authors: Vauclair G. , Dolez N. , Ning Fu Jian , Chevreton M. , Homeier D. , Koester D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report the discovery of a new variable DA white dwarf (ZZ Ceti): PG1541+650, identified as a potential ZZ Ceti candidate in the Hamburg Quasar Survey.
Big Game Hunting in the Andromeda Galaxy: Identifying and Weighing Black Holes in Low Mass X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Barnard R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe have devised a new technique for identifying stellar mass black holes in low mass X-ray binaries, and have applied it to XMM-Newton observations of two X-ray sources in M31. In particular we search for low accretion rate power density spectra; these are very similar for all LMXB, whether the primary is a black hole or a neutron star. Galactic neutron star LMXB exhibit these distinctive PDS at very low luminosities (~ 1036 erg s–1) while black hole LMXB can exhibit them at luminosities > 1038 erg s–1! Following the work of van der Klis (1994), we assume a maximum accretion rate (as a fraction of the Eddington limit) for low accretion rate PDS that is constant for all LMXB, and obtain an empirical value of ~10% Eddington. We have so far discovered two candidate black hole binaries in M31, exhibiting low accretion rate PDS at up to 3 x 1038 and 5 x 1037 erg s–1. If we assume that they are at <10% Eddington, they have minimum masses of 20 and 4 M⊙ respectively. Furthermore, any LMXB exhibiting a low accretion rate power density spectrum at a luminosity > 5 x 1037 erg s–1 is likely to have a black hole primary.
Epilithic diatoms of the Clyde Estuary
Authors: McLean R. O. , Gow T. A. K. , Webster J. , Arthur A. , Curtis D. J. 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisEpilithic diatom communities of the Clyde Estuary demonstrated no spring or autumn bloom. Species diversity and dominance were stable at the ends of the estuary and fluctuated through the year in midestuary. Species succession differed from regions where one species dominated throughout the year, e.g. Opephora martyi Heribaud at Bowling (high tide), to those where the dominant species was constantly changing e.g. Erskine (low tide). In all 307 species were recorded, twenty-nine very rare, 172 rare, nineteen were abundant, some e.g. Opephora martyi, Navicula mutica var. cohnii (Hilse) Grun. having wide niche breadth (B>60). others being restricted in their distribution e.g. Nitzschia paleacea Kütz. (B=10.4), Navicula pseudocomoides Hendey (B = 14–8). N. mutica var. cohnii and var. mutica Kütz. were difficult to distinguish in terms of valve morphology, as intermediate forms existed. In the estuary, smaller valves occurred towards the freshwater end. Two clones, originating from a 12/μm and a 26 nm valve (length) corresponding to descriptions of var. cohnii and var. mutica respectively, behaved similarly in culture throughout a range of salinity, in terms of size expression, suggesting no taxonomic difference. Diatom community photosynthesis was affected by salinity, reflecting the site of origin.
Seasonal studies on the phytoplankton and primary production in the inner Firth of Clyde
Authors: Boney A. D. 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisAnalysis of the factors influencing the seasonal changes in biomass of the ‘net’ phytoplankton in 1972– 73 snowed that the dynamics of the spring waxing of the diatom populations were controlled by narrow ‘windows’ of climatic events, and that subsequent fluctuations in cell numbers were linked with the interplay between zooplankton grazing and wind induced dispersion. Data for 1976–77, set against a similar background of events with the ‘net’ plankton, showed that the nanophytoplankton constituted a less variable biomass through the seasons and, on an annual basis, contributed some 50% of the total carbon fixed.
The chemistry of the hydroxyl radical in the troposphere
Authors: Ehhalt D. H. , Dorn H.-P. , Poppe D. 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisLike oxidation in a flame, oxidation in the atmosphere is mediated by free radicals. By far the most important radical in the troposphere is the hydroxyl radical, OH. It is generated photochemically, and reacts with most atmospheric trace gases, in many instances as the first, and rate-determining, step in the reaction chains leading to their oxidation. Usually these chains regenerate OH thus maintaining OH at relatively large day-time concentrations of the order of 106 cm−3.The most important reactions controlling local concentrations of OH form the framework of a photochemical reaction model, the results of which are compared to OH concentrations measured in the field at locations with different concentrations of pollutant attributable to the activities of man. The model-predicted OH concentrations are based on the simultaneously measured concentrations and photolysis rates of those trace gases that dominate OH chemistry at the local level.Predicted and measured OH concentrations correlate reasonably well where concentrations of atmospheric pollutants are small but not where they are large. Explanations are being sought.
Air pollution and vegetation: hypothesis, field exposure, and experiment
Authors: Unsworth M. H. 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisUnravelling the subtle effects of air pollution on vegetation requires adherence to the experimental method for testing hypotheses. Three experimental approaches are described.Field releaseof pollutants causes minimal disturbance of other aspects of the environment but is difficult to control and to operate continuously.Closed chambers, such as glasshouses, are furthest removed from field conditions but many aspects of their environments can be controlled. There is scope for the more sophisticated use of computer controlled glasshouses to investigate responses of stands of crop plants and natural/semi natural communities.Open-top chambers(OTCs) are a popular research tool, but results from major studies such as the U.S. National Crop Loss Assessment Network are of uncertain general value. Incursion of air into the tops of OTCs creates vertical pollution gradients. Evaporation, and the stomatal control of transpiration in OTCs may be very different from that in the field. Uptake of pollutant gases in OTCs may also differ from that in the field, directly because of differences in air movement, and/or indirectly through differences in the distribution of temperatures and moisture.The development and design of a U.K. research programme on red spruce is used to illustrate (i) the need to develop hypotheses from a wide range of observations, (ii) the advantages of using a range of experimental approaches and (iii) the requirement to synthesise results before reaching general conclusions.
Ecological consequences of arthropod grazing on VA mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: McGonigle T. P. , Fitter A. H. 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisSoil Collembola may be partially responsible for observed reductions in effectiveness of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) associations in the field, compared with sterile soil experiments. Feeding damage to hyphae in soil is envisaged as a mechanism by which translocation of phosphorous from beyond root depletion zones to the plants is reduced. Previous work has demonstrated such effects in pots and in a cultivated field plot, and direct observation of feeding has been made. This paper briefly reviews this evidence and presents an experiment in which insecticide reduced the density of Collembola in a seminatural grassland soil, and increased phosphorus inflow into roots ofHolcus lanatus. In addition, survey data are reported which show that hyphal grazing is ecologically feasible, as Collembola and infected roots are spatially associated with one another in the soil profile. It is suggested that hyphal grazing by these arthropods has important consequences for VAM function in natural vegetation systems.
Effects of point source atmospheric pollution on fungal communities
Authors: Wainwright M. 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisWhile the effects of acid rain on soil biology and chemistry have been widely reported, relatively few studies have appeared on the effects of air pollutants on fungi. Air pollutants are, however, likely to cause both toxic (destructive) and enrichment disturbance effects on fungal populations. Such responses are best seen at sites located close to point source emissions, such as coking works and metal processing and sour gas plants, where pollutant concentrations will be locally high. Toxic disturbance by, for example, heavy metals will generally reduce fungal biomass and species composition leading to the impairment of important processes such as litter decomposition. Enrichment disturbance effects of air pollutants on fungal communities are less easily recognised, but occur when a pollutant, e.g. a phenol, acts as a nutrient, thereby leading to an increase in the total, or more unusually a specific part of, the fungal community. This paper reviews the literature on point source emission effects on fungi, with particular emphasis being given to the pitfalls encountered in such studies.
Evaluation of Protein Feeds for Dairy Cows
Authors: Webster A.J.F. , Kitcherside M.A. , Keirby J.R. , Hall P.A. 
Published: June 2019

A method is described for the description of feeds and feed mixtures in terms of their ability to provide truly digestible amino nitrogen (N) for cattle. Total basal endogenous N (TEN) loss is assumed to be 0.35g N/kg bodyweight0.75 (Report of A.R.C, Protein Working Group).Feedstuffs are analysed for total N (TN), non-protein N and detergent-insoluble N (neutral detergent, NDIN and acid detergent, ADIN, van Soest, 1982). The disappearance of N is measured from samples incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of dairy cows for 0, 4, 8, 18, 24 and (for forages) 48 hr. Residual N in nylon bags after 18 hr incubation is subjected to 48 hr pepsin digestion to give pepsin-insoluble undegraded dietary N (PSUDN). Digestibility trials are run using three sheep for each test feed and faecal N analysed according to a modification of the method of Mason (1969) into detergent-insoluble faecal N, soluble faecal N and bacterial and endogenous debris N. Urinary N has also been measured since 1983.
Early-Weaning and Immunity in Piglets
Authors: Varley M.A. 
Published: June 2019

Neonatal and post-weaning losses represent significant economic loss to the pig industry and in terms of animal welfare the loss of one in ten piglets within the first four weeks of life seems unacceptable. Many losses occur within hours of birth due to a variety of causes, such as overlying, chilling, starvation and disease. More losses occur in the first few days after weaning and the principal cause of these losses is disease. Enteric and systemic infections are therefore responsible for many of the deaths that occur in the early weeks of life. In addition to the pathogenic density in the environment the piglets immune responses determine susceptibility or resistance to disease challenge.Passive and active immunity are related in a number of ways in their expression but both are profoundly affected by the various stressors that piglets are confronted with in the first few weeks of life. Stress stimulates increased concentrations of plasma Cortisol and this in turn depresses the various components of an immune response.Amongst the stressors, weaning, mixing into new social groups and relocation may have the biggest effects. In modern systems of pig production piglets are weaned at 3-4 weeks of age and there is constant pressure on the use of expensive buildings, there is often a compaction of these stressors.