bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational-wave Merging Events from the Dynamics of Stellar-mass Binary Black Holes around the Massive Black Hole in a Galactic Nucleus
Authors: Zhang Fupeng , Shao Lijing , Zhu Weishan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We study the dynamical evolution of the stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) in a galactic nucleus that contains a massive black hole (MBH). For a comprehensive study of their merging events, we consider simultaneously the nonresonant and resonant relaxations of the BBHs, the binary–single encounters of the BBHs with the field stars, the Kozai–Lidov (KL) oscillation, and the close encounters between the BBHs and the central MBH, which usually lead to binaries’ tidal disruptions. As the BBHs are usually heavier than the background stars, they sink to the center by mass segregation, making the KL oscillation an important effect in merging BBHs. The binary–single encounters can not only lead to softening and ionization of the BBHs but also make them harden, which increases the merging rates significantly. The mergers of BBHs are mainly contributed by galaxies containing MBHs less massive than 108

, and the total event rates are likely on order of 1–10 Gpc−3 yr−1, depending on the detailed assumptions of the nucleus clusters. About 3%–10% of these BBH mergers are with eccentricity ≥0.01 when their gravitational-wave oscillating frequencies enter the LIGO band (10 Hz). Our results show that merging the BBHs within galactic nuclei can be an important source of the merging events detected by the Advanced LIGO/Virgo detectors, and they can be distinguished from BBH mergers from the galactic fields and globular clusters when enough events are accumulated.
Direct Observations of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances as Focusers of Solar Radiation: Spectral Caustics
Authors: Koval Artem , Chen Yao , Tsugawa Takuya , Otsuka Yuichi , Shinbori Atsuki , Nishioka Michi , Brazhenko Anatoliy , Stanislavsky Aleksander , Konovalenko Aleksander , Zhang Qing-He , Monstein Christian , Gorgutsa Roman 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The solar radiation focusing effect is related to the specific phenomenon of propagation of the Sun-emitted HF and VHF waves through terrestrial ionosphere. This natural effect is observed with ground-based radio instruments running within the 10–200 MHz range as distinctive patterns—the spectral caustics (SCs)—on the solar dynamic spectra. It has been suggested that SCs are associated with medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). In this paper, we present the first direct observations of SCs induced by MSTIDs, using solar dynamic spectra with SCs obtained by different European radio telescopes on 2014 January 8 and simultaneous two-dimensional detrended total electron content (dTEC) maps over Europe. Spatial examination of dTEC maps as well as precise timing analysis of the maps and the dynamic spectra have been performed. First, we found several pairs of one-to-one (TID-SC) correspondences. The study provides strong observational evidence supporting the suggestion that MSTIDs are the cause of SCs.
Galactic Stellar Populations from Photometric Metallicity Distribution Functions
Authors: Gu Jiayin , Du Cuihua , Zuo Wenbo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric data, Gu developed a new Monte-Carlo-based method for estimating the stellar metallicity distribution functions (MDFs). This method enables a more reliable determination of MDFs compared with the conventional polynomial-based methods. In this work, MDF determined from the method are well fit by a three-Gaussian model, with peaks at [Fe/H] = −0.68, −1.38, and −1.90, associated with the thick disk, the inner halo, and the outer halo, respectively. The vertical metallicity gradient within 1 < Z < 5 kpc is

around R = 8.25 kpc. But the mean radial gradient is almost negligible. The density profile of the thick disk is fitted with a modified double exponential law decaying to a constant at far distance. The scale height and scale length thus estimated are H ≈ 1.13 kpc and L ≈ 3.63 kpc, which are consistent with the results determined from star-count methods in previous studies. The halos are described with a two-axial power-law ellipsoid, and the axis ratios of both the inner halo and the outer halo, inferred from stellar number density in the R–Z plane, are q
ih ≈ 0.49 and q
oh ≈ 0.61, respectively. It also manifests that the outer halo is more spherical than the inner halo. Moreover, the halo power-law indices estimated are n
ih ≈ 3.4 and n
oh ≈ 3.1, indicating that the stellar number density of the inner halo changes more steeply than that of outer halo.
The Anomalously Low (Sub)Millimeter Spectral Indices of Some Protoplanetary Disks May Be Explained By Dust Self-scattering
Authors: Liu Hauyu Baobab 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Previous (sub)millimeter observations have found that the spectral indices of dust emission from some young stellar objects are lower than that of the blackbody emission in the Rayleigh–Jeans limit (i.e., 2.0). In particular, the recent Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations have spatially resolved that the innermost regions of the protoplanetary disks TW Hya and HD 163296 present anomalously low (i.e., <2.0) millimeter spectral indices. In some previous works, such anomalously low millimeter spectral indices were considered unphysical and were attributed to measurement errors. The present work clarifies that if the albedo is high and is increasing with frequency, it is possible to reproduce such anomalously low spectral indices when the emission source is optically thick. In addition, to yield lower than 2.0 spectral index at (sub)millimeter bands, the required dust maximum grain size a
max is on the order of 10–100 μm, which is consistent with the previously derived a
max values based on multiwavelength dust polarimetric observations. In light of this, measuring the Stokes I spectral index may also serve as an auxiliary approach for assessing whether the observed dust polarization is mainly due to dust scattering or to the aligned dust grains.
Cinquante nuances de démocratures
Authors: Hochmann Thomas 
Published: May 2019

Les démocratures désignent des régimes fort différents les uns des autres, qui ont pour point commun de réunir des éléments dictatoriaux et démocratiques. Plusieurs critères permettent d’opérer quelques distinctions au sein de ce vaste domaine : ils touchent à la démocratie électorale (degré de compétitivité des élections, pouvoir effectif des représentants élus) et au libéralisme (garantie des libertés, séparation des pouvoirs, respect du droit).
Une nouvelle épreuve pour la démocratie italienne
Authors: Lazar Marc 
Published: May 2019

L’Italie connaît une expérience inédite avec l’existence d’un gouvernement constitué par une alliance contre nature de deux partis de type populiste, la Ligue de Matteo Salvini et le Mouvement 5 étoiles de Luigi Di Maio, qui ont des intérêts divergents. Ces partis tendent à inventer des formes de démocratie directe et contribuent à instaurer une « peuplecratie ».
Implication of strongly increased atmospheric methane concentrations for chemistry–climate connections
Authors: Winterstein Franziska , Tanalski Fabian , Jöckel Patrick , Dameris Martin , Ponater Michael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is the second-most important directly emitted
greenhouse gas, the
atmospheric concentration of which is influenced by human activities. In
this study, numerical simulations with the chemistry–climate model (CCM) EMAC are
performed, aiming to assess possible consequences of significantly enhanced CH4
concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere for the climate. We analyse experiments with 2×CH4 and 5×CH4 present-day (2010)
mixing ratio and its quasi-instantaneous chemical impact on the
atmosphere. The massive increase in CH4 strongly influences the
tropospheric chemistry by reducing the OH abundance and thereby
extending the CH4 lifetime as well as the residence time of other
chemical substances. The region above the tropopause is impacted by a
substantial rise in stratospheric water vapour (SWV). The stratospheric
ozone (O3) column increases
overall, but SWV-induced stratospheric cooling also leads to a
enhanced ozone depletion in the Antarctic lower stratosphere. Regional
patterns of ozone change are affected by modification of stratospheric
dynamics, i.e. increased tropical upwelling and stronger meridional transport
towards the polar regions. We calculate the net radiative impact (RI) of the
2×CH4 experiment to be 0.69 W m−2, and for the
5×CH4 experiment to be 1.79 W m−2. A substantial part of the
RH is contributed by chemically induced O3 and SWV
changes, in line with previous radiative forcing estimates. To our knowledge this is the first numerical study using a CCM with
respect to 2- and 5-fold CH4 concentrations and it is therefore
an overdue analysis as it emphasizes the impact of possible strong future
CH4 emissions on atmospheric chemistry and its feedback on climate.
LSCE-FFNN-v1: a two-step neural network model for the reconstruction of surface ocean pCO2 over the global ocean
Authors: Denvil-Sommer Anna , Gehlen Marion , Vrac Mathieu , Mejia Carlos 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. A new feed-forward neural network (FFNN) model is presented to reconstruct surface ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) over the
global ocean. The model consists of two steps: (1) the reconstruction of
pCO2 climatology, and (2) the reconstruction of
pCO2 anomalies with respect to the climatology. For the
first step, a gridded climatology was used as the target, along with sea
surface salinity (SSS), sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height
(SSH), chlorophyll a (Chl a), mixed layer depth (MLD), as well as latitude and longitude as
predictors. For the second step, data from the Surface Ocean CO2
Atlas (SOCAT) provided the target. The same set of predictors was used during
step (2) augmented by their anomalies. During each step, the FFNN model
reconstructs the nonlinear relationships between pCO2 and
the ocean predictors. It provides monthly surface ocean pCO2
distributions on a 1∘×1∘ grid for the period from
2001 to 2016. Global ocean pCO2 was reconstructed with
satisfying accuracy compared with independent observational data from SOCAT.
However, errors were larger in regions with poor data coverage (e.g., the
Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean and the subpolar Pacific). The model
captured the strong interannual variability of surface ocean
pCO2 with reasonable skill over the equatorial Pacific
associated with ENSO (the El Niño–Southern Oscillation). Our model was
compared to three pCO2 mapping methods that participated in
the Surface Ocean pCO2 Mapping intercomparison (SOCOM)
initiative. We found a good agreement in seasonal and interannual variability
between the models over the global ocean. However, important differences
still exist at the regional scale, especially in the Southern Hemisphere and,
in particular, in the southern Pacific and the Indian Ocean, as these regions
suffer from poor data coverage. Large regional uncertainties in reconstructed
surface ocean pCO2 and sea–air CO2 fluxes have a
strong influence on global estimates of CO2 fluxes and trends.
Burnout at the Supermarket: Testing the Relevance of Personality and Stressful Situations
Authors: Colom Martínez Claudia Cristina , Contreras Alcalde María José 
Published: May 2019

The well-known burnout syndrome includes psychological facets that have been analyzed with respect to professions with systematic and persistent social contact. However, the context is just one side of the coin, albeit important. There might be some differential vulnerability to the development of the syndrome (the other side of the coin). The study reported here is based on a previous research that observed high levels of the syndrome in cashiers of several supermarkets. Going one step further, here (a) 13 cashiers were compared with 13 workers from other sections of a supermarket, and (b) the personality traits considered by the Big Five Model were measured for estimating the efficient use of knowledge and skills required for achieving social goals (P factor). These were the results: (a) no group differences in the syndrome between cashiers and other sections, and (b) negative correlations between the P factor and burnout scores. It is concluded that individual differences in personality might interact with the occupational context for promoting (or preventing) the burnout syndrome.
Active and passive procrastination in terms of temperament and character
Authors: Zohar Ada H. , Shimone Lior Pesah , Hen Meirav 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundWhile passive procrastination is usually associated with distress and dysfunction active procrastination may be an effective coping style. To test this possibility, we examined passive and active procrastination in terms of temperament, character, and emotional intelligence (EI), as well as by a short-term longitudinal study.MethodsAdult community volunteers (N = 126) self-reported twice in an online short-term longitudinal study. At baseline on active and passive procrastination, as well as on the temperament and character inventory of personality (TCI-140) and EI. At first testing, they were asked to freely describe three personal goals and to make action plans to achieve each within the next two weeks. Two weeks later they reported on progress on their personal goals (PPG).ResultsPPG correlated positively with active procrastination and negatively with passive procrastination. Dividing the participants into median splits on active and passive procrastination resulted in four groups: Active, Passive, Active-Passive, and Non-Procrastinators. Analysis of variance showed that active procrastinators had an advantage in temperament and character traits as well as EI. Active procrastinators were also higher than the other groups on personality profiles i.e. combinations of traits; dependable temperament and well-developed character.ConclusionsActive procrastination can be an adaptive and productive coping style. It is associated with dependable temperament, well-developed character, and high emotional intelligence and predicts meeting personal goals.
Maternal ancestry analyses of red tilapia strains based on D-loop sequences of seven tilapia populations
Authors: Jiang Bingjie , Fu Jianjun , Dong Zaijie , Fang Min , Zhu Wenbin , Wang Lanmei 
Published: May 2019

Background
Many tilapia species or varieties have been widely introduced and have become an economically important food fish in China. Information on the genetic backgrounds of these populations is deficient and requires more research, especially for red tilapia strains.

Methods
In the present study, displacement loop (D-loop) sequences were used to evaluate the genetic relationship and diversity of seven tilapia populations that are widely cultured in China; this was done specifically to speculate on the maternal ancestry of red tilapia strains. Three red tilapia varieties of Oreochromis ssp., Taiwan (TW), Israel (IL), and Malaysia (MY) strains and other populations, including O. aureus (AR), O. niloticus (NL), O. mossambicus (MS), and the GIFT strain of O. niloticus, were collected and analyzed in this study.

Results
A total of 146 polymorphic sites and 32 haplotypes of D-loop sequences were detected among 332 fish and four major haplotypes were shared among the populations. The TW and NL populations had a greater number of haplotypes (20 and 8, respectively). The haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) of each population ranged from 0.234 to 0.826, and 0 to 0.060, respectively. The significant positive Tajima’s D value of neutral test were detected in the NL, IL, and MY populations (P < 0.05), which indicated these populations might have not experienced historical expansion. According to the pairwise F-statistics, highly significant genetic differentiations were detected among populations (P < 0.01), with the exception of the IL and MY populations (P > 0.05). The nearest K2P genetic distance (D = 0.014) was detected between the MS and TW populations, whereas, the farthest (D = 0.101) was found between the GIFT and AR populations. The results from the molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) showed that there was an extremely significant genetic variation observed among the populations (P < 0.01), which contained 63.57% of the total variation. In view of the genetic relationship of red tilapia strains with other populations, TW and IL were detected with more similar genetic structures related to MS, and MY was more genetically similar to GIFT (or NL), which could provide more genetic evidence for the red tilapia strains maternal ancestry.
Geometrical Properties and Exact Solutions of Three (3+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Evolution Equations in Mathematical Physics Using Different Expansion Methods
Authors: Shehata A. R. , Abu-Amra Safaa S. M. 
Published: May 2019

In this article, A Variation of -Expansion Method and -Expansion Method have been applied to find the traveling wave solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional Zakhrov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation, the (3+1)-dimensional Potential-YTSF Equation and the (3+1)-dimensional generalized Shallow water equation. The efficiency of these methods for finding the exact solutions have been demonstrated. As a result, some new exact traveling wave solutions are obtained which include solitary wave solutions. It is shown that the methods are effective and can be used for many other Nonlinear Evolution Equations (NLEEs) in mathematical physics.
In this article, A Variation of -Expansion Method and -Expansion Method have been applied to find the traveling wave solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional Zakhrov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation, the (3+1)-dimensional Potential-YTSF Equation and the (3+1)-dimensional generalized Shallow water equation. The efficiency of these methods for finding the exact solutions have been demonstrated. As a result, some new exact traveling wave solutions are obtained which include solitary wave solutions. It is shown that the methods are effective and can be used for many other Nonlinear Evolution Equations (NLEEs) in mathematical physics.
Comparative Evaluation of Golden Proportion, Recurring Esthetic Dental Proportion and Golden Percentage in Himachal Demographic
Authors: Mahajan Vishwas , Nagpal Archana , Gupta Rajeev , Vaidya Sharad , Jabeen Farhat , Thakur Kusha 
Published: May 2019

Aim: The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the validity of Golden Proportion, Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) proportion and Golden Percentage in maxillary anterior teeth in population of Himachal Pradesh.
Methods and Materials: Dentulous stone casts of maxillary arch were made of the subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Conditions for inclusion criteria included that the individuals:
1) should be of Himachali origin with agreeable smiles
2) have well aligned anterior dentition
3) should be between age group of 20-40 years
Total of 200 students representing Himachal Pradesh population were included. Measurements were done for the spaces in the grids using the digital caliper.
Results:

The Golden Proportion ratio of 1.3 and 1.4 were more commonly observed in 27.5% and 40% respectively than 1.618 which was observed in 5.5% under study of the population.
A Paired sample t-test showed there was no significant gender based difference in Lateral/Central incisor Red Proportion. (P-value>0.05) except for the Canine/Lateral Red Proportion. (P-value<0.05).
The Golden Percentage for males in central and lateral incisors and canine was 22.48%, 15.96% and 11.08% respectively. The mean value for females in central and lateral incisors and canine was 22.72%, 16.25% and 10.97% respectively.

Conclusions: Golden percentage could be used for aesthetic correction and was found to be more applicable in the population included in this study. Golden percentage could be used for aesthetic correction and are more applicable to natural dentition in the population of Himachal Pradesh.
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in Acute Stroke with Co-morbids: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol Revisited
Authors: Mubarak Fatima , Barakzai Muhammad Danish 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: We aim to investigate ischemic penumbra using Diffusion weighted imaging- Susceptibility weighted imaging mismatch using DWI Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed tomography Stroke Score scoring in patients with multiple co morbid.
Methods: From January 2011 to December, 2017; 70 consecutive patients (50 men, 20 women; mean age 64.5; range 45-82 years) with acute infarct on Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were selected for the study. Stroke protocol performed including DWI and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) on first day and repeat within three days. All initial MR images were interpreted by one Neuroradiologist with more than ten years blind to the clinical findings of each patient. The definition of an acute infarct area was high signal intensity on DWI with dark signal intensity on Apparent diffusion weighted imaging (ADC). The infarct extent was scored using the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) system. Infarct growth was defined as any new or larger lesion on the second DWI.
For correlation with infarct growth, the same topographic system was used to record the extent of the Prominent vessel sign (PVS) on SWI.
Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to examine the correlations between PVS score and infarct growth score. Regression was computed, with P<0.05 considered significant.
Results: The study included 12 women and 10 men, (mean age 67.1 years).
MRI images were initially acquired as stroke protocol (mean 12 hours) in acute stage and the next MRI was done within 3 days after the acute stage.
9 patients had right sided and 13 patients had left sided MCA territory infarct, the mean DWI-ASPECTS score was 4.3 (range 0–9). PVS was detected in 15 patients (mean score 4.1, range 0–10).
Out of 22 patients 9 patients showed no evolution in infarct however in 13 patients evolution was from (ASPECTS mean score 3.95, range 0–9; mean infarct growth score 7.4, range 0–10).
7 patients devoid of PVS in initial MRI, did not exhibited evolution of infarction. Of 15 patients with PVS on initial MRI, 13 (87%) had infarct growth. Correlation between the evolution in infarct size and PVS score was observed (r = 0.86, P<0.001).
Conclusion: PVS seen in infarcted territory is related to poor prognosis and this can be reliably used as a surrogate marker of oxygen extraction in penumbra.
SWI can predict tissue at risk and can be a replacement for perfusion scan in clinical scenerio of acute ischaemic infarct.
My family matters: Past and future life stories in adolescents with refugee background
Authors: Ramsgaard Stine Breum , Bohn Annette 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThroughout adolescence, the ability to remember one's personal past and imagine one's personal future in the form of a coherent life story develops. This study explored adolescents' life stories in a group of adolescents with refugee background compared with community controls. In the refugee group, one or both parents had post‐traumatic stress disorder. Adolescents aged 10 to 18 years narrated their past and future life stories and generated cultural life scripts. Contrary to expectations, refugee youth narrated past life stories that were as coherent and positive as community controls'. Interestingly, the refugee group imagined positive future life stories that were more coherent than the control group's. The refugee group mentioned important life themes of family of origin, own feelings, achievements, and helping others. These themes were evident in both the cultural life script and the personal life stories, which might have contributed to more positive and coherent life stories in the refugee group.