bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Metacognition Across Domains: Insights from Individual Differences and Neuroimaging
Authors: Rouault Marion , McWilliams Andrew , Allen Micah G. , Fleming Stephen M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMetacognition is the capacity to evaluate and control one’s own cognitive processes. Metacognition operates over a range of cognitive domains, such as perception and memory, but the neurocognitive architecture supporting this ability remains controversial. Is metacognition enabled by a common, domain-general resource that is recruited to evaluate performance on a variety of tasks? Or is metacognition reliant on domain-specific modules? This article reviews recent literature on the domain-generality of human metacognition, drawing on evidence from individual differences and neuroimaging. A meta-analysis of behavioral studies found that perceptual metacognitive ability was correlated across different sensory modalities, but found no correlation between metacognition of perception and memory. However, evidence for domain-generality from behavioral data may suffer from a lack of power to identify correlations across model parameters indexing metacognitive efficiency. Neuroimaging data provide a complementary perspective on the domain-generality of metacognition, revealing co-existence of neural signatures that are common and distinct across tasks. We suggest that such an architecture may be appropriate for “tagging” generic feelings of confidence with domain-specific information, in turn forming the basis for priors about self-ability and modulation of higher-order behavioral control.
Promoting cross-jurisdictional primary health care research: developing a set of common indicators across 12 community-based primary health care teams in Canada
Authors: Wong Sabrina T. , Langton Julia M. , Katz Alan , Fortin Martin , Godwin Marshall , Green Michael , Grunfeld Eva , Hassani Kasra , Kendall Claire , Liddy Clare , Ploeg Jenny , Wodchis Walter P. , Haggerty Jeannie L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo describe the process by which the 12 community-based primary health care (CBPHC) research teams worked together and fostered cross-jurisdictional collaboration, including collection of common indicators with the goal of using the same measures and data sources.BackgroundA pan-Canadian mechanism for common measurement of the impact of primary care innovations across Canada is lacking. The Canadian Institutes for Health Research and its partners funded 12 teams to conduct research and collaborate on development of a set of commonly collected indicators.MethodsA working group representing the 12 teams was established. They undertook an iterative process to consider existing primary care indicators identified from the literature and by stakeholders. Indicators were agreed upon with the intention of addressing three objectives across the 12 teams: (1) describing the impact of improving access to CBPHC; (2) examining the impact of alternative models of chronic disease prevention and management in CBPHC; and (3) describing the structures and context that influence the implementation, delivery, cost, and potential for scale-up of CBPHC innovations.FindingsNineteen common indicators within the core dimensions of primary care were identified: access, comprehensiveness, coordination, effectiveness, and equity. We also agreed to collect data on health care costs and utilization within each team. Data sources include surveys, health administrative data, interviews, focus groups, and case studies. Collaboration across these teams sets the foundation for a unique opportunity for new knowledge generation, over and above any knowledge developed by any one team. Keys to success are each team’s willingness to engage and commitment to working across teams, funding to support this collaboration, and distributed leadership across the working group. Reaching consensus on collection of common indicators is challenging but achievable.
A RECOVERY OPERATOR FOR NONTRANSITIVE APPROACHES
Authors: BARRIO EDUARDO ALEJANDRO , PAILOS FEDERICO , SZMUC DAMIAN 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn some recent articles, Cobreros, Egré, Ripley, & van Rooij have defended the idea that abandoning transitivity may lead to a solution to the trouble caused by semantic paradoxes. For that purpose, they develop the Strict-Tolerant approach, which leads them to entertain a nontransitive theory of truth, where the structural rule of Cut is not generally valid. However, that Cut fails in general in the target theory of truth does not mean that there are not certain safe instances of Cut involving semantic notions. In this article we intend to meet the challenge of answering how to regain all the safe instances of Cut, in the language of the theory, making essential use of a unary recovery operator. To fulfill this goal, we will work within the so-called Goodship Project, which suggests that in order to have nontrivial naïve theories it is sufficient to formulate the corresponding self-referential sentences with suitable biconditionals. Nevertheless, a secondary aim of this article is to propose a novel way to carry this project out, showing that the biconditionals in question can be totally classical. In the context of this article, these biconditionals will be essentially used in expressing the self-referential sentences and, thus, as a collateral result of our work we will prove that none of the recoveries expected of the target theory can be nontrivially achieved if self-reference is expressed through identities.
RELEVANCE FOR THE CLASSICAL LOGICIAN
Authors: BRAUER ETHAN 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough much technical and philosophical attention has been given to relevance logics, the notion of relevance itself is generally left at an intuitive level. It is difficult to find in the literature an explicit account of relevance in formal reasoning. In this article I offer a formal explication of the notion of relevance in deductive logic and argue that this notion has an interesting place in the study of classical logic. The main idea is that a premise is relevant to an argument when it contributes to the validity of that argument. I then argue that the sequents which best embody this ideal of relevance are the so-called perfect sequents—that is, sequents which are valid but have no proper subsequents that are valid. Church’s theorem entails that there is no recursively axiomatizable proof-system that proves all and only the perfect sequents, so the project that emerges from studying perfection in classical logic is not one of finding a perfect subsystem of classical logic, but is rather a comparative study of classifying subsystems of classical logic according to how well they approximate the ideal of perfection.
Crustal Magmatic System Beneath the East Pacific Rise (8°20′ to 10°10′N): Implications for Tectonomagmatic Segmentation and Crustal Melt Transport at Fast‐Spreading Ridges
Authors: Marjanović Milena , Carbotte Suzanne M. , Carton Hélène D. , Nedimović Mladen R. , Canales Juan Pablo , Mutter John C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDetailed images of the midcrustal magmatic system beneath the East Pacific Rise (8°20′–10°10′N) are obtained from 2‐D and 3‐D‐swath processing of along axis seismic data and are used to characterize properties of the axial crust, cross‐axis variations, and relationships with structural segmentation of the axial zone. Axial magma lens (AML) reflections are imaged beneath much of the ridge axis (mean depth 1,640 ± 185 m), as are deeper sub‐AML (SAML) reflections (brightest events ~100–800 m below AML). Local shallow regions in the AML underlie two regions of shallow seafloor depth from 9°40′–55′N and 8°26′–33′N. Enhanced magma replenishment at present beneath both sites is inferred and may be linked to nearby off‐axis volcanic chains. SAML reflections, which are observed primarily from 9°20′ to 10°05′N, indicate a finely segmented magma reservoir similar to the AML above, composed of subhorizontal, 2‐ to 7 km‐long AML segments, often with stepwise changes in reflector depth from one segment to the next. We infer that these melt bodies are related to short‐lived melt instability zones. In many locations including where seismic constraints are strongest the intermediate scale (~15–40 km) structural segmentation of the ridge axis identified in this region coincides with (1) changes in average thickness of layer 2A (by 10%–15%), (2) changes in average depth of AML (<100 m), and (3) with the spacing of punctuated low velocity zones mapped in the uppermost mantle. The ~6 km dominant length of multiple AML segments within each of the larger structural segments may reflect the spacing of local sites of ascending magma from discrete melt reservoirs pooled beneath the crust.
Last Century Warming Over the Canadian Atlantic Shelves Linked to Weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Thibodeau Benoit , Not Christelle , Zhu Jiang , Schmittner Andreas , Noone David , Tabor Clay , Zhang Jiaxu , Liu Zhengyu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the global climate system. Recent studies suggested a twentieth‐century weakening of the AMOC of unprecedented amplitude (~15%) over the last millennium. Here we present a record of δ18O in benthic foraminifera from sediment cores retrieved from the Laurentian Channel and demonstrate that the δ18O trend is linked to the strength of the AMOC. In this 100‐year record, the AMOC signal decreased steadily to reach its minimum value in the late 1970s, where the weakest AMOC signal then remains constant until 2000. We also present a longer δ18O record of 1,500 years and highlight the uniqueness of the last century δ18O trend. Moreover, the Little Ice Age period is characterized by statistically heavier δ18O, suggesting a relatively weak AMOC. Implications for understanding the mechanisms driving the intensity of AMOC under global warming and high‐latitude freshwater input are discussed.
A Proxy for the Upstream IMF Clock Angle Using MAVEN Magnetic Field Data
Authors: Hurley Dana M. , Dong Yaxue , Fang Xiaohua , Brain David A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWithout an upstream monitor at Mars to provide a contemporaneous measurement of solar wind conditions, it is useful to have techniques of inferring the upstream solar wind conditions using downstream data. We develop a method to estimate the upstream interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle, defined as the orientation of the IMF vector in the plane perpendicular to the solar wind velocity, at Mars using magnetometer data from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission. The technique fits MAVEN magnetometer data from within the Martian magnetosheath to a model of the draped magnetic field direction in a coordinate system aligned with the motional electric field. The results provide a proxy for the clock angle that agrees with upstream measurements and reproduces the observed distribution of clock angles. Even if upstream observations are available for a given orbit, the proxy provides an estimate of the clock angle at the time when the spacecraft is in the magnetosheath, which may correct for inherent temporal variability, because the solar wind varies on timescales shorter than the 4.5‐hr MAVEN orbit. The clock angle proxy can be applied for any orientation of the MAVEN orbit, even when MAVEN does not traverse into the upstream solar wind.
Determination of the Equatorial Electron Differential Flux From Observations at Low Earth Orbit
Authors: Allison Hayley J. , Horne Richard B. , Glauert Sarah A. , Del Zanna Giulio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVariations in the high‐energy relativistic electron flux of the radiation belts depend on transport, acceleration, and loss processes, and importantly on the lower‐energy seed population. However, data on the seed population is limited to a few satellite missions. Here we present a new method that utilizes data from the Medium Energy Proton/Electron Detector on board the low‐altitude Polar Operational Environmental Satellites to retrieve the seed population at a pitch angle of 90°. The integral flux values measured by Medium Energy Proton/Electron Detector relate to a low equatorial pitch angle and were converted to omnidirectional flux using parameters obtained from fitting one or two
functions to pitch angle distributions given by three and a half years of Van Allen Probes data. Two methods to convert from integral to differential flux are explored. One utilizes integral and differential flux energy distributions from the AE9 model, the second employs an iterative fitting approach based on a Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) method. The omnidirectional differential flux was converted to an equatorial pitch angle of 90°, again using statistical pitch angle distributions from Van Allen Probe data. We validate the resulting 90° flux for 100‐ to 600‐keV electrons against measurements from the Van Allen Probes and show an average agreement within a factor of 4 for L* > 3.7. The resulting data set offers a high time resolution, across multiple magnetic local time planes, and may be used to formulate event‐specific low‐energy boundary conditions for radiation belt models.
Multispacecraft Observations of Tailward Propagation of Transient Foreshock Perturbations to Midtail Magnetosheath
Authors: Wang Chih‐Ping , Liu Terry Z. , Xing Xiaoyan , Masson Arnaud 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present three events from multiple spacecraft observations to show that a dayside transient foreshock perturbation associated with an interplanetary magnetic field directional discontinuity can propagate in the midtail magnetosheath and affect the magnetopause. In the first event, perturbations in density and flow were first observed in the dayside foreshock and later in the tail magnetosheath at X ~ −40 RE, a correlation suggests that the foreshock‐originating perturbations propagated to the midtail. The second event shows that foreshock‐originating perturbations were observed in the tail magnetosheath at two radial distances (X ~ −30 and −50 RE) at different times. One plausible explanation for this delay is a tailward propagation of these perturbations along with the directional discontinuity. In the third event, a significant change in the dynamic pressure associated with a foreshock perturbation caused a transient magnetopause outward/inward motion that was first observed on the dayside and later in the midtail at X ~ −55 RE. These events suggest that foreshock perturbations could propagate tailward and continuously affect the nightside magnetopause.
A Simple Finite Difference‐Based Approximation for Biogeochemical Tangent Linear and Adjoint Models
Authors: Mattern Jann Paul , Edwards Christopher A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present a technique that accurately approximates tangent linear and adjoint models for data assimilation applications using only evaluations of the nonlinear model. The approximation offers a simple way to create tangent linear and adjoint model codes that are easily maintainable, as only major changes to the nonlinear model formulation necessitate modifications of the tangent linear or adjoint model code. The approach is particularly well suited to marine biogeochemical models and takes advantage of typical features of these types of models to be computationally viable. We illustrate the approximation in a realistic application, using a three‐dimensional coupled physical‐biogeochemical 4D‐Var data assimilation system, set in the California Current system, in which the approximation is only applied to the 11 state variable biogeochemical model. In this application, the approximation‐based model solution tracks the reference solution accurately over thirty 4‐day assimilation cycles but leads to a ∼10% increase in the computational cost compared to the hand‐coded reference.
Comment on “Reconstruction of the Exhumed Mantle Across the North Iberian Margin by Crustal‐Scale 3‐D Gravity Inversion and Geological Cross Section” by Pedrera et al.
Authors: Pedreira D. , Pulgar J. A. , Díaz J. , Alonso J. L. , Gallastegui J. , Teixell A. 
Published: November 2018

Key Points

The crustal model proposed by Pedrera et al. (2017) is not supported by the available deep seismic data set
The gravity model is built upon inaccurately retrieved residual gravity anomalies and uses inappropriate density values
The sequential restoration shows geometric‐structural inconsistencies, mechanical difficulties, and problematic isostatic and kinematic implications
Comparing effects of CDK inhibition and E2F1/2 ablation on neuronal cell death pathways in vitro and after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Aubrecht Taryn G. , Faden Alan I. , Sabirzhanov Boris , Glaser Ethan P. , Roelofs Brian A. , Polster Brian M. , Makarevich Oleg , Stoica Bogdan A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) activates multiple neuronal cell death mechanisms, leading to post-traumatic neuronal loss and neurological deficits. TBI-induced cell cycle activation (CCA) in post-mitotic neurons causes regulated cell death involving cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activation and initiation of an E2F transcription factor-mediated pro-apoptotic program. Here we examine the mechanisms of CCA-dependent neuronal apoptosis in primary neurons in vitro and in mice exposed to controlled cortical impact (CCI). In contrast to our prior work demonstrating robust neuroprotective effects by CDK inhibitors after TBI, examination of neuronal apoptotic mechanisms in E2F1−/−/E2F2−/− or E2F2−/− transgenic mice following CCI suggests that E2F1 and/or E2F2 likely play only a modest role in neuronal cell loss after brain trauma. To elucidate more critical CCA molecular pathways involved in post-traumatic neuronal cell death, we investigated the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of the potent CDK inhibitor CR8 in a DNA damage model of cell death in primary cortical neurons. CR8 treatment significantly reduced caspase activation and cleavage of caspase substrates, attenuating neuronal cell death. CR8 neuroprotective effects appeared to reflect inhibition of multiple pathways converging on the mitochondrion, including injury-induced elevation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology region 3 (BH3)-only proteins Puma and Noxa, thereby attenuating mitochondrial permeabilization and release of cytochrome c and AIF, with reduction of both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis. CR8 administration also limited injury-induced deficits in mitochondrial respiration. These neuroprotective effects may be explained by CR8-mediated inhibition of key upstream injury responses, including attenuation of c-Jun phosphorylation/activation as well as inhibition of p53 transactivation of BH3-only targets.
The role of submesoscale currents in structuring marine ecosystems
Authors: Lévy Marina , Franks Peter J. S. , Smith K. Shafer 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFrom microbes to large predators, there is increasing evidence that marine life is shaped by short-lived submesoscales currents that are difficult to observe, model, and explain theoretically. Whether and how these intense three-dimensional currents structure the productivity and diversity of marine ecosystems is a subject of active debate. Our synthesis of observations and models suggests that the shallow penetration of submesoscale vertical currents might limit their impact on productivity, though ecological interactions at the submesoscale may be important in structuring oceanic biodiversity.
Dehydrative π-extension to nanographenes with zig-zag edges
Authors: Lungerich Dominik , Papaianina Olena , Feofanov Mikhail , Liu Jia , Devarajulu Mirunalini , Troyanov Sergey I. , Maier Sabine , Amsharov Konstantin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractZig-zag nanographenes are promising candidates for the applications in organic electronics due to the electronic properties induced by their periphery. However, the synthetic access to these compounds remains virtually unexplored. There is a lack in efficient and mild strategies origins in the reduced stability, increased reactivity, and low solubility of these compounds. Herein we report a facile access to pristine zig-zag nanographenes, utilizing an acid-promoted intramolecular reductive cyclization of arylaldehydes, and demonstrate a three-step route to nanographenes constituted of angularly fused tetracenes or pentacenes. The mild conditions are scalable to gram quantities and give insoluble nanostructures in close to quantitative yields. The strategy allows the synthesis of elusive low bandgap nanographenes, with values as low as 1.62 eV. Compared to their linear homologues, the structures have an increased stability in the solid-state, even though computational analyses show distinct diradical character. The structures were confirmed by X–ray diffraction or scanning tunneling microscopy.
Large-area and adaptable electrospun silicon-based thermoelectric nanomaterials with high energy conversion efficiencies
Authors: Morata Alex , Pacios Mercè , Gadea Gerard , Flox Cristina , Cadavid Doris , Cabot Andreu , Tarancón Albert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLarge amounts of waste heat generated in our fossil-fuel based economy can be converted into useful electric power by using thermoelectric generators. However, the low-efficiency, scarcity, high-cost and poor production scalability of conventional thermoelectric materials are hindering their mass deployment. Nanoengineering has proven to be an excellent approach for enhancing thermoelectric properties of abundant and cheap materials such as silicon. Nevertheless, the implementation of these nanostructures is still a major challenge especially for covering the large areas required for massive waste heat recovery. Here we present a family of nano-enabled materials in the form of large-area paper-like fabrics made of nanotubes as a cost-effective and scalable solution for thermoelectric generation. A case study of a fabric of p-type silicon nanotubes was developed showing a five-fold improvement of the thermoelectric figure of merit. Outstanding power densities above 100 W/m2 at 700 °C are therefore demonstrated opening a market for waste heat recovery.
Higher-Order Interactions in Quantum Optomechanics: Analysis of Quadratic Terms
Authors: Khorasani Sina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article presents a full operator analytical method for studying the quadratic nonlinear interactions in quantum optomechanics. The method is based on the application of higher-order operators, using a six-dimensional basis of second order operators which constitute an exactly closed commutators. We consider both types of standard position-field and the recently predicted non-standard momentum-field quadratic interactions, which is significant when the ratio of mechanical frequency to optical frequency is not negligible. This unexplored regime of large mechanical frequency can be investigated in few platforms including the superconducting electromechanics and simulating quantum cavity electrodynamic circuits. It has been shown that the existence of non-standard quadratic interaction could be observable under appropriate conditions.