bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastische Optimierung parabolischer PDE-Systeme unter Wahrscheinlichkeitsrestriktionen am Beispiel der Temperaturregelung eines Stabes
Authors: Schmidt Patrick , Geletu Abebe , Li Pu 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Zustandsgrößen zahlreicher ingenieurtechnischer Prozesse sind sowohl raum- als auch zeitabhängig. Solche Prozesse werden mit parabolischen partiellen Differentialgleichungen beschrieben. Die meisten praktischen Anwendungen sind mit Unsicherheiten versehen, die durch ungenaue Modellparameter und zufällige Störungen charakterisiert sind. Die Optimierung unsicherer parabolischer PDE-Systeme mit Zustandsbeschränkungen stellte eine große Herausforderung dar. In diesem Beitrag werden diese als wahrscheinlichkeitsbeschränkte Nebenbedingungen modelliert. Das dadurch formulierte stochastische Optimierungsproblem wird mit der Methode der inneren und äußeren Approximation gelöst. Die Wirksamkeit und Effizienz der vorgeschlagenen Lösungsmethode werden durch die Temperaturregelung eines Stabes mit einem unsicheren Wärmeübertragungskoeffizienten demonstriert.
Integrated day-ahead energy procurement and production scheduling
Authors: Leo Egidio , Engell Sebastian 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
For the optimal operation of power-intensive plants, a challenge which is addressed in this work is to simultaneously determine the optimal production schedule and the optimal day-ahead electricity commitment. In order to ensure stability of the power grid, the electricity suppliers impose a daily electricity commitment to large consumers. The consumers have to commit one day in advance to the amount of energy they are going to purchase and use for a horizon of 24 hours (with an hourly discretization) and in case the actual electricity consumption differs significantly from the committed profile, the consumer is obliged to pay penalties. Since the consumers have to commit to the electricity suppliers before the actual electricity demand is known, uncertainty needs to be taken into account. A stochastic mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to consider two critical sources of uncertainty: equipment breakdowns and deviation prices. Equipment breakdowns can reduce the production capacity and make the actual electricity consumption deviate from the day-ahead electricity commitment. The application of the proposed approach to a continuous power-intensive plant shows the benefit gained from the solution of the stochastic model instead of the deterministic counterpart in terms of reduction of the cost of the energy.
Optimierungsbasierte Regelung und Steuerung Hybrid-Dynamischer Systeme
Authors: Liu Zonglin , Stursberg Olaf 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die optimale Steuerung und Regelung hybrider Systeme ist herausfordernd, da sie sprunghafte Änderungen von Zustandsgrößen und die Kombinatorik ereignisdiskreten Verhaltens in die Optimierung von kontinuierlicher Dynamik einbringt. Dieser Beitrag gibt zunächst einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Lösungsverfahren für verschiedene Problemausprägungen. Anschließend wird für den Fall zeitdiskreter hybrider Systeme mit kontinuierlichen und diskreten Stelleingriffen eine neue Lösungsmethode vorgestellt, worin die optimale Lösung durch Verwendung von approximierten Kostenschranken und Nachbarschaftsbeziehungen explorierter Zustände mit relativ geringem Rechenaufwand angenähert wird.
Eingebettete Optimierung in der Regelungstechnik – Grundlagen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Findeisen Rolf , Graichen Knut , Mönnigmann Martin 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDie effiziente Lösung von Optimierungsproblemen in Echtzeit bildet die Grundlage vieler moderner Regelungs- und Schätzverfahren. So basieren die prädiktive Regelung sowie die Zustandsschätzung auf bewegtem Horizont auf der wiederholten Lösung beschränkter Optimierungsprobleme. Methodische sowie technologische Fortschritte ermöglichen den Einsatz optimierungsbasierter Verfahren in Echtzeit selbst für anspruchsvolle Regelungs- und Schätzprobleme mit Zeitkonstanten im Bereich von Mikro- oder sogar Nanosekunden. Nach einem Überblick über effiziente Lösungsansätze für die echtzeitfähige Umsetzung optimierungsbasierter Schätz- und Regelungsverfahren fokussiert sich diese Arbeit auf wesentliche technologische, regelungs- und systemtheoretische Aspekte für deren erfolgreichen Einsatz.
An Erdős–Ko–Rado result for sets of pairwise non-opposite lines in finite classical polar spaces
Authors: Metsch Klaus 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we call a set of lines of a finite classical polar space an Erdős–Ko–Rado set of lines if no two lines of the polar space are opposite, which means that for any two lines l and h in such a set there exists a point on l that is collinear with all points of h. We classify all largest such sets provided the order of the underlying field of the polar space is not too small compared to the rank of the polar space. The motivation for studying these sets comes from [7], where a general Erdős–Ko–Rado problem was formulated for finite buildings. The presented result provides one solution in finite classical polar spaces.
International Drug Reform: Medicalised Harm Reduction, Cannabis and the Global Legislative Reality
Authors: White Daniel Linn 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Despite being the global legislative reality for more than half a century, when it comes to the control and management of illicit drugs, there is still a sharp academic divide between strict prohibitionists and open access legalisers, with both sides claiming supremacy in their ability to reduce the harms drug users face. Spanning these opposing academic extremes, governments around the world have experimented with, or put into practice a range of alternatives to prohibition that generally hold harm reduction as a centrally guiding principle. However, in the realm of drugs control, harm reduction is not a simple utilitarian problem and is often clouded by a number of moral aspects that will seemingly continue to frustrate the prospects for consensus among the various drug control stakeholders for the near future. Moreover, while proponents of reform and legalisation have put forth seemingly plausible and well considered theories for the regulation and control of drugs in lieu of prohibition, it has become rather clear in the wake of the recent United Nations Special Assembly on Drugs in 2016 that a significant top-down change in international drugs control policy is unlikely for the foreseeable future. This is not to say the global prohibitionist framework is destined to remain predominant, and clear lines are emerging for the practical evolution of international drugs control policy. With an ever expanding variety of novel alternative methods being implemented by countries around the world to reduce the harm from illicit drug use, especially with regards to the unique challenges faced by intractable, chronic users of ’hard’ drugs such as heroin, coupled with a softening of hard-line attitudes, a path towards sensible drug reforms is becoming clearer. This short article examines a number of those alternative methods, where it is argued that medicalised harm reduction for ’hard’ drugs is the most likely to find broad acceptance under the international drug regime and the growing tolerance and liberalisation of cannabis laws will likely continue because of its relatively low risk profile and high cost of prohibition.
Convergence of Levenberg–Marquardt method for the inverse problem with an interior measurement
Authors: Jiang Yu , Nakamura Gen 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The convergence of Levenberg–Marquardt method is discussed for the inverse problem to reconstruct the storage modulus and loss modulus for the so-called scalar model by a single interior measurement. The scalar model is the most simplest model for data analysis used as the modeling partial differential equation in the diagnosing modality called the magnetic resonance elastography which is used to diagnose for instance lever cancer. The convergence of the method is proved by showing that the measurement map which maps the above unknown moduli to the measured data satisfies the so-called the tangential cone condition. The argument of the proof is quite general and in principle can be applied to any similar inverse problem to reconstruct the unknown coefficients of the model equation given as a partial differential equation of divergence form by one single interior measurement. The performance of the method is numerically tested for the two-layered piecewise homogeneous scalar models in a rectangular domain and a circular domain.
A Study of Different Forms of Dual Polarization – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation and its Performance Analysis in Terms of Q-Factor and Distance
Authors: Kaur Vipanpreet , Singh Sappal Amandeep 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper, dual polarization has been studied along with different forms of quadrature amplitude modulation schemes. Also the comparison of various QAMs (QPSK, DP-16QAM, DP-32QAM, DP-64QAM, DP-128QAM) is carried out in terms of Q-factor and distance.
Global Trade with an Epistemic Upgrade
Authors: Herzog Lisa 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper takes a social epistemology perspective on markets in general and trade deals in particular. Normatively, it is based on considerations of democratic accountability and contestation. Empirically, it is based on the assumption that all markets are embedded in institutional frameworks. Knowledge plays an important role in the institutional framework of markets: it matters both at the level of content – which knowledge has to be processed in what way, according to the market rules? – and at the level of process – whose knowledge counts in setting the rules? While these considerations apply to both domestic and international markets, there are good reasons to allocate certain epistemic tasks to the frameworks of international markets, for example trade deals. While the TTIP and CETA negotiations fell short of democratic standards about transparency, the debate about them indicates growing public awareness of the importance of the institutional frameworks for international trade.
Applications of H-phosphonates for C element bond formation
Authors: Muhammad Mehwish Hussain , Chen Xiao-Lan , Yu Bing , Qu Ling-Bo , Zhao Yu-Fen 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The readily accessible and inexpensive dialkyl H-phosphonates are important building blocks for organic synthesis. This review specifically covers our recent work on the application of H-phosphonates as reactants for C–P bond formation, and as promoters for quinoline N-oxides to synthesize 2-functionalized quinolines.
Perioperative Mortality Prediction Using Possum in Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumors: Do Immunological Variables Affect Individual Predictive Mortality Risk?
Authors: Engin Atilla , Engin Ayse Basak , Kurukahvecioglu Osman , Sepici-Dincel Aylin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of immunological variables to the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) scoring system improves the predictability of postoperative mortality. One hundred and thirty-two consecutive patients who underwent moderate, major or major-plus elective surgical interventions for gastrointestinal tumors were scored using the POSSUM mortality risk analysis. Patients were placed in one of the two groups based on their POSSUM mortality rates which were either lower or higher than 5%. An additional 26 pre-operative and post-operative metabolic and immunological variables were measured and mortality-dependent variables were selected. Regression analysis with backward elimination of twelve pre-operative and post-operative variables correlating with POSSUM score revealed that post-operative neopterin, IL-6 and albumin were significantly dependent on the predicted mortality rates. According to these selected variables, the number of patients with a POSSUM predicted mortality rate higher than 5% increased from 64 to 88, but the percentage of the mean mortality decreased. Statistical differences between the original POSSUM and modified scoring system was highly significant (p<0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of the modified scoring system was calculated to be 52.9% and 87.5%, respectively.
Textual and pictorial components in the focus: paratext in translated graphic novels
Authors: Schultze Brigitte 
Published: November 2018

Summary
In spite of manifold textual-pictorial make-up and remarkably varied meaning making function, paratext is one of the neglected research topics around graphic novels (graphic narrative in general). Even more so, this goes for translated graphic novels. Distinguishing between carrier media of paratext (front and back covers, blurbs) and forms of information (introduction, imprint, appendix), this study starts from describing most characteristic components of graphic novels’ paratext. Different from many articles on graphic narrative, this contribution is not only based on English, French and German, but also on Slavic (Czech, Polish, Serbian) source and target texts. All source texts are internationally respected, prize-winning examples of the genre. Comparative analysis profits from this enlargement of research material: it yields new insight into meaning making contained in or connected with paratext – including target recipients’ privileged position.
Bemerkungen zum Papyrus Moskau 314
Authors: Quack Joachim Friedrich 
Published: November 2018

Summary
A recent re-publication of the so-called Hymns to the Diadem (pMoscow 314) is an occasion to take up some questions related to that manuscript. It is shown that the original dating to the 17th (or very early 18th) dynasty is correct against the new proposal to date it to the reign of Amenemhet III, and that synchronically the beneficiary of the ritual is a god, even if it is likely to be an adaption of a royal ritual. Linguistic details point towards a date for the composition in the Old Kingdom. Several philological problems are discussed, and weaknesses in the new edition are pointed out.
An unusual presentation of post gastric bypass hypoglycemia with both postprandial and fasting hypoglycemia
Authors: Chen Xin , Kamel Dina , Barnett Braden , Yung Evan , Quinn Adrienne , Nguyen Caroline 
Published: November 2018

Summary
There has been an increasing awareness of post gastric bypass hypoglycemia (PGBH). Histopathologic findings from such patients who underwent partial/total pancreatomy, however, can vary widely from minimal changes to classic nesidioblastosis, making the pathologic diagnosis challenging. PGBH typically presents as postprandial hypoglycemia, as opposed to insulinoma, which presents as fasting hypoglycemia. Herein, we describe an unusual case of a patient with PGBH who initially presented with postprandial hypoglycemia three years after surgery, but later developed fasting hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia as the disease progressed. Our hypothesis for this phenomenon is that this disease is progressive, and later in its course, the insulin release becomes dissociated from food stimulation and is increased at baseline. Future studies are needed to investigate the prevalence as well as etiology of this progression from postprandial to fasting hypoglycemia.

Learning points:

There has been an increasing awareness of post gastric bypass hypoglycemia (PGBH).

Histopathologically, PGBH can vary from minimal changes to nesidioblastosis.

Although uncommon, patients with PGBH after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass may present with both postprandial and fasting hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia as disease progresses.

Our hypothesis for this phenomenon is that the insulin release becomes dissociated from food stimulation and is increased at baseline with disease progression.
Radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules according to different ultrasound features: an Italian multicentre prospective study
Authors: Deandrea Maurilio , Garino Francesca , Alberto Mormile , Garberoglio Roberto , Rossetto Ruth , Bonelli Nadia , Spiezia Stefano , De Santis Massimo , Monti Salvatore , Deiana Maria Grazia , Vincenzo Toscano , Cugini Christian , El Dalati Ghassan , Limone Paolo Piero 
Published: November 2018

Background
The purpose of this study was to confirm the generalisation of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules (BTN) and to look for a correlation between final shrinkage and some ultrasound (US) findings in a large Italian population data set.

Methods
This prospective study included 337 patients with solid cold BTN from six Italian institutions. Nodule volume, US pattern, thyroid function, symptom/cosmetic scores and complications were evaluated before treatment and at 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome was to find a correlation between basal volume and US pattern of the nodules and final shrinkage. The secondary outcome was to confirm the efficacy and safety of RFA in a large data set.

Results
The median basal volume was 20.7 mL, and this significantly decreased after RFA at 6 months (7.3 mL (−63.5%), P < 0.001) and at 12 months (6 mL (−70%), P vs 6 months = 0.009). A significant correlation was found for US structure (a spongiform pattern showing a 76% reduction vs 67 and 66% of mix and solid patterns respectively, P < 0.01) as well as for vascularity (intense peripheral and intranodal patterns showing 71 vs 68 and 67% of weak peripheral and intranodal and peripheral patterns respectively, P < 0.03), but not for macrocalcifications. A slight inverse correlation was found between nodule basal volume and shrinkage (Spearman: −0.23). Mean symptoms/cosmetic scores were significantly reduced. No major complications were encountered.

Conclusions
This multicentre study validated the efficacy and safety of RFA for treating BTN and showed a clear correlation between final shrinkage and some common US findings.
Two mutually complementary synthetic approaches towards 3-substituted 3,4-disubstituted and 1-(2-pyridyl)-substituted isoquinolines
Authors: Nikonov I. L. , Kopchuk D. S. , Khasanov A. F. , Krinochkin A. P. , Starnovskaya E. S. , Shtaiz Ya. K. , Savchuk M. I. , Tanya O. S. , Zyryanov G. V. , Rusinov V. L. , Chupakhin O. N. 
Published: November 2018

Two mutually complementary synthetic approaches towards 3- and 3,4-disubstituted 1-(2-pyridyl) isoquinolines were studied. The aryne-based method was successfully used for the obtaining of the corresponding the 3-cyano-1-(2-pyridyl)isoquinolines in one step/pot reaction, while it is unacceptable for the obtaining of other 1-(2-pyridyl)isoquinolines. The enamine-based approach was successfully applied for the synthesis of other 1-(2-pyridyl)isoquinolines, while it was unacceptable for the obtaining of 3-cyano-1-(2-pyridyl)isoquinolines.
Comprensión espacial de vectores mediante recursos digitales interactivos = Spatial comprehension of vectors by means of interactive digital resources
Authors: Vergara Diego , Rubio Manuel Pablo , Lorenzo Miguel , Rodríguez Rocío 
Published: November 2018

<p>Dada la dificultad de visión espacial habitual en muchos de los estudiantes vinculados a titulaciones de carácter técnico, en este artículo se presenta un recurso digital interactivo que ayuda a reforzar la comprensión espacial de los vectores en el espacio (que suele ser una de las dificultades más comunes entre los alumnos de primer curso de cualquier ingeniería). Esta herramienta permite al alumnado obtener ayuda para visualizar y analizar en tiempo real los cambios que se producen al variar las coordenadas de un vector: (i) el módulo del vector, (ii) su vector unitario y (iii) los cosenos directores. Esta plataforma virtual interactiva (PVI) pretende solventar, por una parte, la visualización espacial de los cosenos directores de un vector situado en cualquier octante y, por otra parte, la interpretación espacial de la posición de un vector cualquiera. Mediante el uso de esta PVI, el alumno realizará además un autoaprendizaje de tipo productivo, lo que favorece el hábito de pensar, razonar y relacionar o explicar la información.</p><p> Abstract</p><p> Taking into account the common difficulties regarding spatial visualization appearing in students enrolled in technical studies, this paper presents an interactive digital resource that helps to enhance the spatial comprehension of vectors in 3D space (this one being one of the most common difficulty detected in first-year engineering students learning). This tool allows students obtaining assistance to visualize and to analyze in real time the changes produced in a vector when its coordinates are varied, namely: (i) vector modulus, (ii) the unitary vector, (iii) the director cosines. On one hand, the developed interactive virtual platform (IVP) tries to solve the spatial visualization of the director cosines of a vector placed at any octant and, on the other hand, the spatial interpretation of the position of a given vector. By using this IVP, students will perform a productive self-learning, enhancing the habit of the key habit of thinking, reasoning and relating or explaining information.</p>
Formación a distancia en materia de ingeniería de soldadura: enfoque multidisciplinar mediante modelos 3D = E-learning in welding engineering: a multidisciplinary approach using 3D models.
Authors: Rodríguez Martín Manuel , Rodríguez Gonzálvez Pablo 
Published: November 2018

<p>Resumen</p><p>El presente trabajo describe una nueva metodología docente basada en las últimas investigaciones científicas orientadas a la reconstrucción tridimensional de soldaduras, las cuales permiten la generación de paquetes de trabajo dirigidos a la adquisición de competencias propias de actividades de laboratorio de soldadura sin necesidad de que exista un desplazamiento físico al mismo. Esta metodología, que puede ser catalogada dentro de las basadas en laboratorios virtuales (LVs), es de aplicación en programas semipresenciales, e-learning o también puede utilizarse como material de apoyo a los programas presenciales, principalmente en las titulaciones relacionadas con la ingeniería industrial, naval y aeronáutica, así como las ingenierías más relacionadas con la geomática y la informática. La distribución de los paquetes es de fácil implementación a través de plataformas virtuales de formación y el trabajo con los modelos puede realizarse con software libre o gratuito, sin necesidad de costes adicionales para las entidades de formación que los utilicen.</p><p> Abstract</p><p>The present work describes a new teaching methodology based on the latest research oriented to the threedimensional reconstruction of welds that allows the generation of work packages aimed at the acquisition of competences specific to welding lab activities without the need for a physical same. This methodology, which can be cataloged within the methodologies based on virtual laboratories (LVs), is applicable in e-learning programs or can also be used as support material for face-to-face programs, mainly in the degree programs related to Industrial, naval and aeronautical engineering, as well as engineering related to geomatics and computer science. The distribution of the packages is easy to implement through virtual training platforms and the work with the models can be done with open or free software, without the need of additional costs for the training entities that use them.</p>