bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Éditorial
Authors: Holeindre Jean-Vincent , Jeangène Vilmer Jean-Baptiste 
Published: October 2019

Résumé L'alternative entre légitimité et efficacité a été, dans les années 2000, non seulement au c ur du débat sur le multilatéralisme, mais aussi un des moteurs de l'évolution de la pratique multilatérale. Des formes plus restreintes, informelles, flexibles et réactives de coopération internationale sont ainsi apparues comme une réponse à l'inefficacité présumée d'un multilatéralisme plus institutionnel. Pourtant, l'efficacité de l'action collective a plus à gagner d'une articulation entre ces différents formats que de leur opposition. À l'inverse, opposer légitimité et efficacité semble jouer contre l'idée même d'un ordre multilatéral, aujourd'hui de plus en plus contesté.
Gasdermin D Drives the Nonexosomal Secretion of Galectin-3, an Insulin Signal Antagonist
Authors: Chen Yihui , Wang Hongbin , Shen Junchen , Deng Rong , Yao Xiaomin , Guo Qiuhong , Lu Ailing , Sun Bing , Zhang Yan , Meng Guangxun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe inflammasomes play critical roles in numerous pathological conditions largely through IL-1β and/or IL-18. However, additional effectors have been implied from multiple studies. In this study, through two independent mass spectrometry–based secretome screening approaches, we identified galectin-3 as an effector protein of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Although the activation of AIM2 or NLRC4 inflammasome also led to galectin-3 secretion, only the NLRP3 inflammasome controlled the serum galectin-3 level under physiological condition. Mechanistically, active gasdermin D drove the nonexosomal secretion of galectin-3 through the plasma membrane pores. In vivo, high-fat diet–fed Nlrp3−/− mice exhibited decreased circulating galectin-3 compared with wild-type animals. Of note, the improved insulin sensitivity in such Nlrp3−/− mice was aggravated by infusion of recombinant galectin-3. Moreover, galectin-3 was essential for insulin resistance induction in mice harboring the hyperactive Nlrp3A350V allele. Thus, the inflammasome–galectin-3 axis has been demonstrated as a promising target to intervene inflammasome and/or galectin-3 related diseases.
The Second Receptor for C5a, C5aR2, Is Detrimental to Mice during Systemic Infection with Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Mueller-Ortiz Stacey L. , Shivshankar Pooja , Wetsel Rick A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Infection with Listeria monocytogenes is acquired through ingestion of contaminated foods and may lead to systemic infection and possible death, with an overall 20% mortality rate. Our previous work using C5aR1−/− mice and C3aR−/− mice demonstrated that C5aR1 and C3aR both play powerful anti-inflammatory and prosurvival roles during systemic infection with L. monocytogenes. In our current study, we have examined the role of the third anaphylatoxin receptor, C5aR2, in the host immune response to systemic L. monocytogenes infection. C5aR2−/− mice had significantly lower bacterial burdens in the spleens and livers on both day 1 and 3 postinfection compared with C5aR2+/+ mice. The decreased bacterial burdens in the C5aR2−/− mice correlated with less liver damage and with improved survival of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen on day 3 postinfection compared with C5aR2+/+ mice. C5aR2−/− mice also produced significantly less G-CSF, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the serum, spleen, and liver on day 1 postinfection compared with C5aR2+/+ mice. C5aR2−/− and C5aR2+/+ mice produced similar amounts of IFN-γ in their spleens on day 1 postinfection. Purified naive splenocytes from C5aR2−/− mice produced significantly more IFN-γ and IL-12p70 during in vitro infection with L. monocytogenes compared with splenocytes from C5aR2+/+ mice in an NF-κB–dependent manner. Induction of IL-12 and IFN-γ early during infection with L. monocytogenes is protective to the host, and we believe this innate increased ability to produce more IL-12 and IFN-γ provided early protection to the C5aR2−/− mice.
Cutting Edge: Elevated Glycolytic Metabolism Limits the Formation of Memory CD8+ T Cells in Early Life
Authors: Tabilas Cybelle , Wang Jocelyn , Liu Xiaojing , Locasale Jason W. , Smith Norah L. , Rudd Brian D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Neonates often develop poor immunity against intracellular pathogens. Because CD8+ T cells are essential for eliminating infectious agents, it is crucial to understand why they behave differently in early life. Previous studies in mice have demonstrated that neonatal CD8+ T cells fail to form memory because of an intrinsic propensity to differentiate into short-lived effectors. However, the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. We now show that neonatal CD8+ T cells exhibit higher glycolytic activity than adult CD8+ T cells postinfection, which may be due to age-related differences in Lin28b expression. Importantly, when glycolysis is pharmacologically inhibited, the impaired formation of neonatal memory CD8+ T cells can be restored. Collectively, these data suggest that neonatal CD8+ T cells are inherently biased toward undergoing glycolytic metabolism postinfection, which compromises their ability to develop into memory CD8+ T cells in early life.
Street knowledge. Stories, codes and street life
Authors: Landi Andrea 
Published: October 2019

This work, besides making a careful examination, represents a real journey inside of a world that has gone through times and places, broke patterns of the past to live without, has undergone changes and revolutions, has known love to destroy hatred, is the knowledge of the movement, the movement of the body and mind ... is the hip hop!! The word "hip hop" contains the term "movement", that it is not only part of its meaning, but is what it represents. The hip hop, in fact, is born and begins to move from a road, or rather from a more restricted and circumscribed place, a house in the neighborhood between you forgotten and abandoned, the Bronx, to spread and take over the entire world. The importance of this phenomenon resides in the factor, that in the early 70s its creators and founders were all teenagers. The world of hip hop, which now affects and imposes itself in the world of fashion, music, language and society, was founded by young people. The hip hop was born from young adolescents of New York and took the world by storm. Over the years he has found a way to break down the barriers that surrounded him, being able to fit into so universal culture and to influence it and change it profoundly. It changed the way we live and stand in the street: from clashes and territories conquests, to a no more shots of gunfire, but sound of scratch and spray. It moved the people making them move and do not die. It moved crew and no gang. It moved minds to create and invent steps, rhymes and lines. It moved fashions, cultures and thoughts uniting and not dividing them. This journey from the gang to the crew begins by providing the reading and analysis keys with which is possible understand and thoroughly investigate birth, origin, causes and evolution of the gang going from New York suburbs up to the main Italian cities. The route continues by examining how many of these gangs have abandoned the path of violence undertaking a new way of re-socialization through the hip hop culture and how this phenomenon is rooted in the world. Through calligraphic analysis, interviews with writers, life stories of street people and contributions on DJing and legality, the journey ends interpreting and expressing the thoughts on the studies and on the investigations examined.
Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution during rainy seasons in the Beijing urban area and implications for radar rainfall estimation
Authors: Ma Yu , Ni Guangheng , Chandra Chandrasekar V. , Tian Fuqiang , Chen Haonan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Raindrop size distribution (DSD) information is fundamental in understanding the precipitation microphysics and quantitative precipitation estimation, especially in complex terrain or urban environments which are known for complicated rainfall mechanism and high spatial and temporal variability. In this study, the DSD characteristics of rainy seasons in the Beijing urban area are extensively investigated using 5-year DSD observations from a Parsivel2 disdrometer located at Tsinghua University. The results show that the DSD samples with rain rate < 1 mm h−1 account for more than half of total observations. The mean values of the normalized intercept parameter (log 10Nw) and the mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) of convective rain are higher than that of stratiform rain, and there is a clear boundary between the two types of rain in terms of the scattergram of log 10Nw versus Dm. The convective rain in Beijing is neither continental nor maritime, owing to the particular location and local topography. As the rainfall intensity increases, the DSD spectra become higher and wider, but they still have peaks around diameter D∼0.5 mm. The midsize drops contribute most towards accumulated rainwater. The Dm and log 10Nw values exhibit a diurnal cycle and an annual cycle. In addition, at the stage characterized by an abrupt rise of urban heat island (UHI) intensity as well as the stage of strong UHI intensity during the day, DSD shows higher Dm values and lower log 10Nw values. The localized radar reflectivity (Z) and rain rate (R) relations (Z=aRb) show substantial differences compared to the commonly used NEXRAD relationships, and the polarimetric radar algorithms R(Kdp), R(Kdp, ZDR), and R(ZH, ZDR) show greater potential for rainfall estimation.
“Our people are feeling there’s no hope for the future”: Indigenous teenagers and youth culture as a coping strategy in the archive of the Sioux Lookout Zone Hospital, 1969-1996
Authors: De Pencier North , Dhawan Drishti , McKinley Gerald 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: To analyze the use of youth culture as a coping mechanism by youth in the Sioux Lookout Zone from 1969 to 1996.
Method: This project employs an archival research method to study the records of the Sioux Lookout Zone Hospital, located at the University of Toronto. The hospital was operated by the federal government for Status Indians. From 1969 to 1996, the hospital’s medical service was provided by the University of Toronto.
Discussion: The period of 1969 to 1996 was a challenging time for teenagers in the Sioux Lookout Zone. They had poor job prospects and often struggled with the loneliness of attending high school in southern communities. They turned to youth culture as a coping mechanism, sometimes in healthier ways such as rock music and fashion, but also in less healthy ways such as substance use and gang membership.
Conclusion: This project serves as a case study of the challenges that faced youth in the Sioux Lookout Zone in order to contribute to our understanding of the historical antecedents of the poor health outcomes of youth in the Sioux Lookout Zone today.
Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring temperament at 3 months
Authors: Mehta Taylor , Krzeczkowski John E , Van Lieshout Ryan 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Pre-pregnancy obesity has been linked to emotional and behavioural problems in offspring, though it remains unclear when the presence of these difficulties first emerges.
Method: We examined the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and temperament at 3 months of age in the offspring of 16 women residing in Hamilton, Ontario. Infant temperament was measured using the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire Revised, which specifically examined surgency/extraversion, negative affectivity, and orienting/regulation.
Results: A statistically significant association was observed between maternal BMI and infant negative affectivity (B=0.05, 95% CI=0.01-0.08), which remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables (B=0.04, 95% CI=0.01-0.08).
Conclusion: The current study provides evidence that fetal exposure to high maternal BMI during pregnancy is associated with increased negative affectivity in infants at 3 months of age. The results suggest that the intrauterine environment associated with high maternal BMI may influence temperament at a very early stage in development.
Positieve bestuurskunde
Authors: Douglas Scott , Steen Trui , van der Wal Zeger 
Published: October 2019

Positive Public Administration: Towards a robust, positive perspective on government
Citizens and scholars excel in identifying and analysing government failure. It is important indeed to understand public sector, but while governments in the Low Countries are doing well on average and very well from an internationally perspective, most attention is focused on the errors and mishaps. This article argues for a robust positive perspective on the public sector as a complement to existing research. From a scientific perspective, public administration must set itself the ambition to connect and aggregate existing positive insights even better. From a social perspective, the discipline must prevent the gap from being filled by a wholesale rejection of democratic government or the use of unproven miracle cures. This article elaborates the starting points for Positive Public Administration, arguing that this perspective should be comprehensive, context related, inter-subjective, learning-oriented, and robustly scientific in nature. The article also introduces the other contributions in this special issue, which together give an initial interpretation of positive public administration.
Protismluvní doplnění blankosměnky
Authors: Dvořáková Zuzana 
Published: October 2019

Pro případ, že se oprávněný při vyplňování blankosměnky odchýlí od dohody o směnečném vyplňovacím právu, má výstavce blankosměnky k dispozici námitku protismluvního doplnění blankosměnky. Příspěvek rozebírá vliv protismluvního doplnění blankosměnky na povinnost zaplatit směnku v závislosti na konkrétních údajích a způsobech jejich doplnění, okruh osob oprávněných namítat protismluvní doplnění blankosměnky a důsledky převodu vyplněné/nevyplněné blankosměnky na námitku protismluvního doplnění.
Environmental fate of the anti-parasitic ivermectin in an aquatic micro-ecological system after a single oral administration
Authors: Wang Di , Han Bing , Li Shaowu , Cao Yongsheng , Du Xue , Lu Tongyan 
Published: October 2019

Background
Ivermectin (IVM) has been widely used in the aquaculture industry since its efficacy against parasites. However, the degradation of IVM was very slow in aquatic environments and the environmental fate of IVM in a complete aquatic system was still not clear. Therefore, comparable studies in a complete aquatic system were merited and helped to elucidate the environmental fate and effects of IVM.

Methods
An aquatic micro-ecological system containing an aquatic environment (water and sediment) and aquatic organisms (invertebrates, aquatic plants and fish) was built to simulate the natural rearing conditions. A single dose of 0.3 mg kg−1 body weight of IVM was given to the fish by oral gavage. Water, sediment, the roots and leaves of the aquatic plants, the soft tissue of the invertebrates and the visceral mass and muscle of fish samples were collected at 0.5 hours, 1 day, 7 days, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days and 70 days after the treatment. IVM concentration in each sample was determined using ELISA method.

Results
IVM was quickly and widely distributed into the whole aquatic system in one day, and then was highly accumulated in organisms resulting in long-term residues. IVM was exchanged multiple times between the different media, which caused continuous fluctuations in the concentration of IVM in the water and sediment. It was worth noting that there was a second peak value of IVM in the fish and invertebrates after 30 days. The environmental fate of the IVM in the aquatic micro-ecological system showed that the drug was transferred from the fish to aquatic plants in the first seven days, and then gathered in the water and sediment, finally accumulating in the invertebrates. Our results indicated that an effective aquatic micro-ecological system was successfully established, and it could be applied to the study the environmental fate of IVM, which will aid the scientific use of this anti-parasitic agent during aquaculture.
Single‐Atomic‐Co Electrocatalysts with Self‐Supported Architecture toward Oxygen‐Involved Reaction
Authors: Xie Wenfu , Song Yuke , Li Shijin , Li Jianbo , Yang Yusen , Liu Wei , Shao Mingfei , Wei Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSingle‐atomic electrocatalysts (SACs) have shown great promise in electrocatalysis fields owing to their theoretical maximum atom utilization (100%). Yet still, it is far from expectation in practical applications due to entrapping within supports and blocking by aggregation. Herein, self‐supported carbon nanosheet arrays consisting of single‐atomic Co electrocatalyst (SS‐Co‐SAC) toward oxygen‐involved reaction and zinc–air batteries are reported. Impressively, the as‐synthesized SS‐Co‐SAC gives a markedly enhanced utilization of active sites (≈22.3%@2.3 wt%) as a result of single‐atomic dispersion of Co within a unique nanosheet arrays architecture, which is the largest value among other reported results. Benefiting from the high utilization of active sites, the SS‐Co‐SAC electrode exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic performance for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Notably, the turnover frequency value for ORR is determined to be ≈9.26 s−1, which stands for the highest level among noble metal‐free electrocatalysts reported previously. Moreover, as an air‐cathode for zinc–air batteries with SS‐Co‐SAC, a power density of 195.1 mW cm−2 and a robust durability are achieved. It is believed that this study would guide the future design of highly active and durable single‐atom catalysts for both fundamental research and practical applications.
Magnetically Actuated SiCN‐Based Ceramic Microrobot for Guided Cell Delivery
Authors: Gyak Ki‐Won , Jeon Sungwoong , Ha Laura , Kim Sangwon , Kim Jin‐young , Lee Kwang‐Sup , Choi Hongsoo , Kim Dong‐Pyo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA silicon carbonitride (SICN) ceramic microrobot, biocompatible and magnetically activable, is developed for the delivery of viable cells to defective tissue by sequential steps of microstructuring, magnetization, and cell loading. The ceramic carrier of porous cylindrical framework is fabricated by 3D laser lithography using a photocurable preceramic polymer, chemically modified polyvinylsilazane, and subsequent pyrolysis at 600 °C under an inert atmosphere. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are integrated into the surface‐modified ceramic carrier by thiol‐ene click reaction. Finally, the microrobot is loaded with fibroblast cells, which can be guided by a rotating external magnetic field. The proposed ceramic microrobot is mechanically durable, adequately controllable with external magnetic field, and quite compatible with mammalian cells.
Superhydrophobic Surface with Controllable Adhesion for Anti‐Roof‐Collapse Application in Flexible Microfluidics
Authors: Cheng Min , Liu Ying , Zhong Bowen , Wang Hao , Liu Yangchengyi , Liang Xu , Chen Wenxiang , Chen Shangda , Li Ming , Xia Wenjie , Wang Xiufeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDesign of microfluidic reservoir with improved performance is essential in flexible epidermal microfluidic devices, which often suffer from structural instability due to the low stiffness and strong adhesion of the reservoir made of soft elastomers, causing the so‐called self‐collapse phenomena. Here, a method is proposed to fabricate a flexible superhydrophobic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) layer with a low‐adhesive surface for epidermal microfluidic device by using chemical etching and soft lithography techniques. The obtained PDMS layer exhibits ultralow dry adhesion with great stability compared to previously made soft layer often having relatively high adhesion. Remarkably, this layer is able to maintain its ultralow adhesion with various counterpart engineering materials even in different environmental conditions, including dry, under water, and under oil conditions, and it exhibits an excellent time durability (more than one month) and use‐stability (at least 20 cycles). It is later shown that the designed PDMS layer with ultralow‐adhesive and superhydrophobic surface can be applied to prevent the self‐collapse of roof effectively in microfluidic reservoir. This study provides an effective design strategy to develop flexible elastomeric materials with controllable adhesion, paving the way for improving the mechanical and structural stability of large dimension reservoirs in wearable microfluidics through surface engineering.
Myhre syndrome: A first familial recurrence and broadening of the phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Meerschaut Ilse , Beyens Aude , Steyaert Wouter , De Rycke Riet , Bonte Katrien , De Backer Tine , Janssens Sandra , Panzer Joseph , Plasschaert Frank , De Wolf Daniël , Callewaert Bert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMyhre syndrome is a rare multisystem connective tissue disorder, characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphology, variable intellectual disability, skeletal abnormalities, arthropathy, cardiopathy, laryngotracheal anomalies, and stiff skin. So far, all molecularly confirmed cases harbored a de novo heterozygous gain‐of‐function mutation in SMAD4, encoding the SMAD4 transducer protein required for both transforming growth factor‐beta and bone morphogenic proteins signaling. We report on four novel patients (one female proband and her two affected children, and one male proband) with Myhre syndrome harboring the recurrent c.1486C>T (p.Arg496Cys) mutation in SMAD4. The female proband presented with a congenital heart defect, vertebral anomalies, and facial dysmorphic features. She developed severe tracheal stenosis requiring a total laryngectomy. With assisted reproductive treatment, she gave birth to two affected children. The second proband presented with visual impairment following lensectomy in childhood, short stature, brachydactyly, stiff skin, and decreased peripheral sensitivity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the dermis shows irregular elastin cores with globular deposits and almost absent surrounding microfibrils and suggests age‐related increased collagen deposition. We report on the first familial case of Myhre syndrome and illustrate the variable clinical spectrum of the disorder. Despite the primarily fibrotic nature of the disease, TEM analysis mainly indicates elastic fiber anomalies.
Visible‐Light‐Driven N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed γ‐ and ϵ‐Alkylation with Alkyl Radicals
Authors: Dai Lei , Xia Zi‐Hao , Gao Yuan‐Yuan , Gao Zhong‐Hua , Ye Song 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe merging of photoredox catalysis and N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis for γ‐ and ϵ‐alkylation of enals with alkyl radicals was developed. The alkylation reaction of γ‐oxidized enals with alkyl halides worked well for the synthesis γ‐multisubstituted‐α,β‐unsaturated esters, including those with challenging vicinal all‐carbon quaternary centers. The synthesis of ϵ‐multisubstituted‐α,β‐γ,δ‐diunsaturated esters by an unprecedented NHC‐catalyzed ϵ‐functionalization was also established.