bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical background factors affecting outcomes of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in primary care
Authors: Yokota Nozomi , Ae Ryusuke , Amenomori Masaki , Kitagawa Koji , Nakamura Takuya , Yokota Tetsuro , Masato Kato , Sasahara Teppei , Matsubara Yuri , Kosami Koki , Nakamura Yoshikazu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have reported the influence of clinical background factors on the outcome of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in primary care practice. We aimed to determine which clinical background factors influence the outcome of eradication therapy in a primary care setting.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients who received H pylori eradication therapy at Higashiohmi City Gamo Medical Center, Shiga, Japan, from January 2012 to December 2015. We investigated clinical background factors associated with success, failure, and self‐interruption of H pylori eradication therapy: patients’ age, gender, first‐ or second‐line treatment, reasons for receiving gastroenterological endoscopic examination, method of drug administration, and attending physicians’ age and their specialties.ResultsThere were 369 patients (208 females, 161 male), with a mean age of 59 years (range 30‐88 years). The middle‐aged group (50‐69 years) was associated with successful eradication therapy compared with the young group (30‐49 years). The elderly group (>70 years) was associated with eradication therapy failure compared with the middle‐aged group. The young group was associated with self‐interruption of eradication therapy. There was a marginally significant association between male patients and self‐interruption. Older attending physicians (>50 years) were also associated with failure compared with younger physicians. There was no difference in outcome of eradication therapy between generalists and gastroenterology specialists.ConclusionWe have identified clinical factors associated with success, failure, and self‐interruption of H pylori eradication therapy in a primary care setting.
Validation of In Vivo Linear and Volumetric Wear Measurement for Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Using Model‐Based Radiostereometric Analysis
Authors: Van de Kleut Madeleine L , Yuan Xunhua , Athwal George S. , Teeter Matthew G. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTPresently, polyethylene wear measurement of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is restricted to in vitro, in silico, and retrieval analysis, with no method for the quantification of in vivo wear of well‐functioning implants. The purpose of this study was to validate the use of model‐based radiostereometric analysis (MBRSA) as a measurement tool for in vivo rTSA wear using a phantom setup. Six additively manufactured polyethylene inserts were fabricated, one unworn control and five to represent known wear patterns, and individually fit within the rTSA components. Each insert was imaged using standard radiostereometric techniques and analyzed using MBRSA. From the position and orientation estimation provided by MBRSA, a micro‐computed tomography model of the control insert was virtually placed within the metaphyseal tray. The apparent intersection of the glenosphere into the insert was recorded as wear. This method enables wear measurements with a linear precision of 0.21 mm and a bias of 0.36 ± 0.13 mm, and a volumetric precision of 49.3 mm3, with a bias of 48.9 ± 24.3 mm3. This technique allows for the in vivo measurement of polyethylene wear without the requirement of marker beads or baseline radiographs, expanding the potential for in vivo wear measurements to larger populations and retrospective analysis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1620–1627, 2019.
Epigenetics as a New Frontier in Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine and Oncology
Authors: van Wijnen Andre J. , Westendorf Jennifer J. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTSkeletal regenerative medicine aims to repair or regenerate skeletal tissues using pharmacotherapies, cell‐based treatments, and/or surgical interventions. The field is guided by biological principles active during development, wound healing, aging, and carcinogenesis. Skeletal development and tissue maintenance in adults represent highly intricate biological processes that require continuous adjustments in the expression of cell type‐specific genes that generate, remodel, and repair the skeletal extracellular matrix. Errors in these processes can facilitate musculoskeletal disease including cancers or injury. The fundamental molecular mechanisms by which cell type‐specific patterns in gene expression are established and retained during successive mitotic divisions require epigenetic control, which we review here. We focus on epigenetic regulatory proteins that control the mammalian epigenome at the level of chromatin with emphasis on proteins that are amenable to drug intervention to mitigate skeletal tissue degeneration (e.g., osteoarthritis and osteoporosis). We highlight recent findings on a number of druggable epigenetic regulators, including DNA methyltransferases (e.g., DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) and hydroxylases (e.g., TET1, TET2, and TET3), histone methyltransferases (e.g., EZH1, EZH2, and DOT1L) as well as histone deacetylases (e.g., HDAC3, HDAC4, and HDAC7) and histone acetyl readers (e.g., BRD4) in relation to the development of bone or cartilage regenerative drug therapies. We also review how histone mutations lead to epigenomic catastrophe and cause musculoskeletal tumors. The combined body of molecular and genetic studies focusing on epigenetic regulators indicates that these proteins are critical for normal skeletogenesis and viable candidate drug targets for short‐term local pharmacological strategies to mitigate musculoskeletal tissue degeneration. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1465–1474, 2019.
Analysis of Trabecular Microstructure and Vascular Distribution of Capital Femoral Epiphysis Relevant to Legg–Calve–Perthes Disease
Authors: Morris William Z , Liu Raymond W , Chen Elena , Kim Harry KW 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTLegg–Calve–Perthes disease is characterized by the capital femoral epiphyseal collapse, which occurs more reliably in the anterior quadrant than the more weight‐bearing lateral quadrant. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a vascular or microstructural predisposition for anterior femoral epiphyseal collapse in Perthes disease. Thirty‐two cadaveric proximal femoral epiphyses from 17 subjects (age 4–14 years old) underwent micro‐computed tomography at 10‐μm resolution. Each quadrant was analyzed for four markers of trabecular architecture: bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness, trabecular separation (TbSp), and trabecular number (TbN). Vascular channels were then mapped in each quadrant, identified by correlating surface topography with cross‐sectional imaging. One‐way analysis of variance revealed an overall difference between quadrants (p < 0.001) in BV/TV, TbN, and TbSp. However, post hoc analysis revealed there was no significant difference between the anterior and lateral quadrants for any of the four markers of trabecular architecture. Vascular channel mapping illustrated a predominance of vessels in the posterior half of the epiphysis compared to the anterior half (8.7 ± 4.0 vs. 3.4 ± 3.1 vascular channels, p < 0.001). The lack of microstructural differences between the anterior and lateral quadrants, and the predominance of vascular channels in the posterior half of the epiphysis with posteriorly‐based medial femoral circumflex and ligamentum teres vessels suggests that the anterior femoral epiphysis may be a relative vascular watershed region, which predisposes it to collapse after the vascular insult of Perthes disease. Clinical significance: Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of anterior femoral epiphyseal collapse may inform future treatments aimed at revascularization. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1784–1789, 2019
Development of superabsorbent soy protein‐based bioplastic matrices with incorporated zinc for horticulture
Authors: Jiménez‐Rosado Mercedes , Perez‐Puyana Victor , Cordobés Felipe , Romero Alberto , Guerrero Antonio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of superabsorbent materials in horticulture has spread recently. These materials, which can retain water and release it as crops need it, have strong advantages such as the efficient use of water in periods of drought. However, these materials are made of synthetic polymers, which present problems of degradability and, sometimes, toxicity. For this reason, the main objective of this work is the development of biodegradable superabsorbent bioplastic (SAB) matrices using a soy protein isolate (SPI) as raw material. Zinc is also incorporated into these bioplastic matrices as an essential micronutrient for plants, to increase their added value.RESULTSThe incorporation of zinc chelated with 2,2′,2″,2‴‐(Ethene‐1,2‐diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid (Zn EDTA) (a salt with which the micronutrient is incorporated) into soy protein‐based bioplastic matrices improved their superabsorbent capacity and provided a controlled release of water and nutrients to the crops.CONCLUSIONSThe results show the strong potential for the use of these bioplastic matrices in horticulture as superabsorbent materials that can release nutrients in a controlled manner. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Integrated gate driver circuit technology with IGZO TFT for sensing operation
Authors: Kim In June , Noh Seok , Ban Myung Ho , Son Kimin , Han Inhyo , Shin Hun Ki , Oh Kilhwan , Kim Bumsik , Kang In Byeong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new integrated gate driver circuit for random sensing operation of external compensated organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display using oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT). Using this technology, we successfully launched 55‐inch and 65‐inch ultrahigh definition OLED TVs with gate in panel (GIP) circuit. The structure of the existing OLED TVs implemented gate signals through the gate integrated circuits (ICs) attached to the left and right sides of the panel. The structure using the gate IC was inferior to the panel structure using the GIP in terms of process and product design and cost. Thus, we propose a new oxide GIP circuit for OLED TV. Like the previous gate IC model, the proposed GIP circuit successfully implemented the random sensing function during the display operation. This GIP circuit is also designed to overcome the problems caused by the negative Vth characteristics of the oxide device.
Future research on information technology in knowledge management
Authors: Sarka Peter , Heisig Peter , Caldwell Nicholas H.M. , Maier Anja M. , Ipsen Christine 
Published: April 2019

Over the past two decades, knowledge management (KM) and the use of information technologies (IT) has attracted increasing interest. IT is widely considered as a vital part of KM, providing means for knowledge creation, sharing, and capture. However, failures of KM in organizational practice are often attributed to an overemphasis of IT. Although KM and IT seem inextricably linked, research still struggles to identify a proper composition of the two. Via input from a global panel of KM experts from academia and practice (n = 222), we identify social software; consumerization (of knowledge); human factors; and the redesign of work, systems, and practices as future key research areas. These are contrasted with review papers proposing research in technologies aimed at supporting KM. On this basis, we present a future research agenda that should enhance the relationship between KM and IT, including their intersection through technology enablers.
Quantifying the temperature dependence of growth rate in marine phytoplankton within and across species
Authors: Barton Samuel , Yvon‐Durocher Gabriel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractModels of marine biogeochemistry capture the effects of temperature on phytoplankton growth via the monotonic, exponential Eppley coefficient, without considering the physiological or evolutionary processes that underpin this emergent, across‐species temperature response. Here, we investigated both the within‐ and across‐species temperature dependence of growth rate for 18 species of marine phytoplankton. We found that the temperature dependence of growth rate derived across species was lower than the average temperature response within species. This finding supports a “partial compensation” model of thermal adaptation and suggests that adaptation can partially compensate for the underlying thermodynamic effects of temperature on physiological rates observed within species. We also found that thermal tolerance traits (e.g. the optimum temperature for growth) systematically covaried with a host of key functional traits (e.g. cell size, elemental composition). Consequently, turnover in species composition in a warmer ocean, linked to interspecific variability in thermal tolerance traits, could be associated with major shifts in the functional trait composition of marine phytoplankton communities with far reaching implications for ecosystem functioning.
Influence of water column stratification and mixing patterns on the fate of methane produced in deep sediments of a small eutrophic lake
Authors: Vachon Dominic , Langenegger Timon , Donis Daphne , McGinnis Daniel F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMethane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, is produced in and emitted from lakes at globally significant rates. The drivers controlling the proportion of produced CH4 that will reach the atmosphere, however, are still not well understood. We sampled a small eutrophic lake (Soppensee, Switzerland) in 2016–2017 for CH4 concentrations profiles and emissions, combined with water column hydrodynamics to investigate the fate of CH4 produced in hypolimnetic sediments. Using a mass balance approach for the periods between April and October of both years, net CH4 production rates in hypolimnetic sediments ranged between 11.4 and 17.7 mmol m−2 d−1, of which 66–88% was stored in the hypolimnion, 13–27% was diffused to the epilimnion, and 6–7% left the sediments via ebullition. Combining these results with a process‐based model we show that water column turbulent diffusivity (K
z) had a major influence on the fate of produced CH4 in the sediments, where higher K
z values potentially lead to greater proportion being oxidized and lower K
z lead to a greater proportion being stored. During fall when the water column mixes, we found that a greater proportion of stored CH4 is emitted if the lake mixes rapidly, whereas a greater proportion will be oxidized if the water column mixes more gradually. This work highlights the central role of lake hydrodynamics in regulating CH4 dynamics and further suggests the potential for CH4 production and emissions to be sensitive to climate‐driven alterations in lake mixing regimes and stratification.
Gifts as conduits in choice overload environments
Authors: Papadopoulou Niki , Raïes Karine , Mir Bernal Pedro , Woodside Arch G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study investigates competing for theoretical stances (i.e., choice overload vs. choice cornucopia) and explores how increases in spending occur in high and low choice conditions following receiving promotional gift offers in a service consumption setting. This study includes a nonobtrusive field experiment (n = 200) that includes measured and manipulated variables: purchase versus nonpurchase conditions and size of expenditures. The study's context tests the use of two versus five promotional gift options and two levels of gift value (6 vs. €20). Findings using symmetrical (analysis of variance [ANOVA]) and asymmetrical (fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis [fsQCA]) methods of analysis support the choice overload hypothesis in this unobtrusive field experiment. Also, spending in the high versus low choice condition increased when hotel guests were offered a high‐value gift for using room service. Given the nature of the nonobtrusive field experiment, this study provides valuable information for marketers and consumers regarding the moderating effects of promotional gifts in many option environments. While prior studies explore the conditions of choice cornucopia versus choice overload, to date few or possibly no attempts to identify practical ways of reducing the negative effects of choice overload.
An extended dose–volume model in high dose‐rate brachytherapy – Using mean‐tail‐dose to reduce tumor underdosage
Authors: Morén Björn , Larsson Torbjörn , Carlsson Tedgren Åsa 
Published: April 2019

PurposeHigh dose–rate brachytherapy is a method of radiotherapy for cancer treatment in which the radiation source is placed within the body. In addition to give a high enough dose to a tumor, it is also important to spare nearby healthy organs [organs at risk (OAR)]. Dose plans are commonly evaluated using the so‐called dosimetric indices; for the tumor, the portion of the structure that receives a sufficiently high dose is calculated, while for OAR it is instead the portion of the structure that receives a sufficiently low dose that is of interest. Models that include dosimetric indices are referred to as dose–volume models (DVMs) and have received much interest recently. Such models do not take the dose to the coldest (least irradiated) volume of the tumor into account, which is a distinct weakness since research indicates that the treatment effect can be largely impaired by tumor underdosage even to small volumes. Therefore, our aim is to extend a DVM to also consider the dose to the coldest volume.MethodsAn improved DVM for dose planning is proposed. In addition to optimizing with respect to dosimetric indices, this model also takes mean dose to the coldest volume of the tumor into account.ResultsOur extended model has been evaluated against a standard DVM in ten prostate geometries. Our results show that the dose to the coldest volume could be increased, while also computing times for the dose planning were improved.ConclusionWhile the proposed model yields dose plans similar to other models in most aspects, it fulfils its purpose of increasing the dose to cold tumor volumes. An additional benefit is shorter solution times, and especially for clinically relevant times (of minutes) we show major improvements in tumour dosimetric indices.
Technical Note: Characterization of technology to detect residual injection site radioactivity
Authors: Knowland Josh , Lipman Samantha , Lattanze Ron , Kingg Jesse , Ryan Kelley , Perrin Steven 
Published: April 2019

PurposeEach year in the United States, approximately 18.5 million nuclear medicine procedures are performed. Various quality control measures are implemented to reduce image errors and improve quantification of radiotracer distribution. However, there is currently no routine or timely feedback about the quality of the radiotracer injection. One potential solution to evaluate the injection quality is to place a topical scintillation sensor near the injection site to record the presence of residual activity. This work investigates a sensor design for identification of injections where the prescribed radioactive activity is not fully delivered into the patient's circulation (an infiltration).MethodsThe sensor consists of a single unshielded bismuth germanate (BGO) crystal (3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm). Using radioactive sources with gamma energies that span the range commonly used in nuclear medicine, we quantified energy resolution and linearity. Additionally, we computed sensitivity by comparing the calculated incident activity to the activity measured by the sensor. Sensor output linearity was calculated by comparing measured data against the radioactive decay of a source over multiple half‐lives. The sensor incorporates internal temperature feedback used to compensate for ambient temperature fluctuations. We investigated the performance of this compensation over the range of 15°C–35°C.ResultsEnergy spectra from four sensors were used to calculate the energy resolution: 67% for 99mTc (141 keV), 67% for 133Ba (344 keV), 42% for 18F (511 keV), and 32% for 137Cs (662 keV). Note that the energy used for 133Ba is a weighted average of the three photon emissions nearest to the most abundant (356 keV). Sensor energy response was linear with a difference of 1%–2% between measured and predicted values. Energy‐dependent detector sensitivity, defined as the ratio of measured photons to incident photons for a given isotope, decreased with increasing photon energy from 55.4% for 99mTc (141 keV) to 3.3% for 137Cs (662 keV). Without compensation, error due to temperature change was as high as 53%. Temperature compensation reduced the error to less than 1.4%. Sensor output linearity was tested to as high as 210 kcps and the maximum magnitude error was 4%.ConclusionsThe performance of the sensor was adequate for identification of excessive residual activity at an injection site. Its ability to provide feedback may be useful as a quality control measure for nuclear medicine injections.
The role of radiation‐induced charge imbalance on the dose‐response of a commercial synthetic diamond detector in small field dosimetry
Authors: Looe Hui Khee , Poppinga Daniela , Kranzer Rafael , Büsing Isabel , Tekin Tuba , Ulrichs Ann‐Britt , Delfs Björn , Vogt Dennis , Würfel Jan , Poppe Björn 
Published: April 2019

PurposeDiscrepancy between experimental and Monte Carlo simulated dose–response of the microDiamond (mD) detector (type 60019, PTW Freiburg, Germany) at small field sizes has been reported. In this work, the radiation‐induced charge imbalance in the structural components of the detector has been investigated as the possible cause of this discrepancy.Materials and methodsOutput ratio (OR) measurements have been performed using standard and modified versions of the mD detector at nominal field sizes from 6 mm × 6 mm to 40 mm × 40 mm. In the first modified mD detector (mD_reversed), the type of charge carriers collected is reversed by connecting the opposite contact to the electrometer. In the second modified mD detector (mD_shortened), the detector's contacts have been shortened. The third modified mD detector (mD_noChip) is the same as the standard version but the diamond chip with the sensitive volume has been removed. Output correction factors were calculated from the measured OR and simulated using the EGSnrc package. An adapted Monte Carlo user‐code has been used to study the underlying mechanisms of the field size‐dependent charge imbalance and to identify the detector's structural components contributing to this effect.ResultsAt the smallest field size investigated, the OR measured using the standard mD detector is >3% higher than the OR obtained using the modified mD detector with reversed contact (mD_reversed). Combining the results obtained with the different versions of the detector, the OR have been corrected for the effect of radiation imbalance. The OR obtained using the modified mD detector with shortened contacts (mD_shortened) agree with the corrected OR, all showing an over‐response of less than 2% at the field sizes investigated. The discrepancy between the experimental and simulated output correction factors has been eliminated after accounting for the effect of charge imbalance.Discussions and conclusionsThe role of radiation‐induced charge imbalance on the dose–response of mD detector in small field dosimetry has been studied and quantified. It has been demonstrated that the effect is significant at small field sizes. Multiple methods were used to quantify the effect of charge imbalance with good agreement between Monte Carlo simulations and experimental results obtained with modified detectors. When this correction is applied to the Monte Carlo data, the discrepancy from experimental data is eliminated. Based on the detailed component analysis using an adapted Monte Carlo user‐code, it has been demonstrated that the effect of charge imbalance can be minimized by modifying the design of the detector's contacts.