bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emplacing hate
Authors: Bilkic Maida 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In Bosnia-Herzegovina, the 1992–1995 war is the foundation on which its citizens are building their future. Contested spaces marked by violence are (re)created by means of graffiti frequently conveying locally hegemonic (re)narrations of legitimacy and attestation. Following the lead of scholars like Wee (2016), Stroud (2016), Rubdy and Ben Said (2015), this paper scrutinizes how the ongoing struggles of Bosnia-Herzegovina are constituted and sustained through/in the intersection of language and space. The first set of analysed graffiti is taken from an online database and the second is collected during fieldwork in areas where territorial status is especially fraught. I offer a three-part analysis of the key ways explicitly partisan and sometimes intimidating messages are realized through the subtle interplay of semiotic and spatial resources. Turbulent graffscapes (Stroud, 2016) of Bosnia-Herzegovina are materializations of linguistic violence (Tirrell, 2012), generating hateful places which sustain and potentially deepen social tensions between ethnic groups.
m-RNA mammaglobin expression in metastatic breast cancer patient at Medan city, Indonesia
Authors: Rimbun S , Siregar Y 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common causes of women’s death in the world. Metastatic spread presents a major clinical problem in about 30% of the patients. The study aims to investigate the clinical reliability of mammaglobin mRNA as a marker of circulating cancer cells in breast cancer patients. The positivity of blood was analyzed in relation to clinical and pathological characteristics. This study was on 29 breast cancer patients (13 metastatic, 16 non- metastatic patients), where28 were invasive intraductal carcinoma type and 1 was invasive lobular carcinoma type. Breast cancer patients were according to the histologic grade into grade I (7 patients),grade II (6 patients) and grade III (15 patients). All individuals included in this study were subjected to detection of mammaglobin m-RNA of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood using RT-PCR technique. Positivity for mammaglobin in blood samples was in 38% of patients with metastatic but not in the non-metastatic patients. The presence of mammaglobin correlated with metastatic tumor (P = 0.011). Mammaglobin overexpression in breast tissue was significantly positive in low-grade tumors (I and II).
Diagnostic test pepsinogen I and combination with tumor marker CEA in gastric cancer
Authors: Sembiring J , Sarumpaet K , Ganie R A 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Human pepsinogens (HP) are considered promising serological biomarkers for the screening of atrophic gastritis (AG) and GC. HP are biochemically and immunochemically classified into two groups: pepsinogen I (PG I) and PG II. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein, which is present in normal mucosal cells but increased amounts are associated with adenocarcinoma, especially colorectal cancer. CEA in combination with other tumour markers can be used in pre-operative staging and thereby assist in the planning of the type of surgery required and future management options. The purpose of this study was to diagnose test PG I and combination with tumor marker CEA in 32 patients suspected with GC. There was a significant difference in levels of CEA between GC group with non-GC with a value p <0.001. PGI sensitivity was 70.58% and specificity 93.3%. The sensitivity of PGI and CEA combination of 94.1% and specificity 80%. The area of AUC obtained was 92.7% at 95% confidence interval (82.7-100%). This AUC value indicated that the value of diagnostic accuracy of the PGI and CEA combinations of 92.7%.
Vitamin D status did not related to calcium status in active tuberculosis patients in North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Sari Dina Keumala , Arrasyid Nurfida Khairina 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the highest mortality caused in a tropical country with abundant sunlight such Indonesia. Vitamin D and calcium plays important roles in tuberculosis pathogenesis. Objective:We sought to determine whether there is an association between vitamin D status and calcium status in tuberculosis patients. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 32 man and women aged 18-60 years with active tuberculosis in North Sumatera, Indonesia. Parameters were 25(OH)D and calcium serum level, body mass index, fat mass, and others lifestyles factors also assessed. The association was analysis using chi-square or fischer test. Results: the mean of study subjects age were 37.2±14.9 years old and BMI were 20.8±4.4 kg/m2 There were 81.2% subjects categorized into vitamin D deficiency-insufficiency and 18.8% categorized into vitamin D sufficiency. There were 29% subjects categorized into normal calcium level, and 3% were hypocalcemia. Based on food recall analysis, there were found lower vitamin D and calcium intake. There is no association between vitamin D and calcium classification. Conclusions: based on this result, although there is no association between vitamin D and calcium, but there could be altered by lower food intake and tuberculosis progression.
The correlation of pain intensity and quality of life in chronic LBP patients in Adam Malik general hospital
Authors: Nasution I K , Lubis N D A , Amelia S , Hocin K 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a world health problems and a major cause of disability. The study is to determine the correlation between pain intensity and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic LBP. This study was a descriptive, analytical research with the cross sectional design. Twenty-nine chronic LBP outpatients that have visited the Neurology Clinic of Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. Patients from July to November 2015 were selected by consecutive sampling. A questionnaire and interview are asking the information about subjects’ characteristics, diagnosis, medical history, pain intensity and quality of life-based on WHO QoL criteria were used to collect the data. Using Spearman correlation test, we found correlation among VAS and physical function (p<0.001, r=-0.606), limitations due to physical problems (p<0.001, r=-0.837), limitations due to emotional problems (p=0.007, r=-0,477), vitality (p=0.021, r=-0.380), social function (p=0.015, r=-0.403), the feeling of pain (p=0.003, r=-0.499) and general health (p=0.040, r=-0.330). On the other hand, there was no correlation between VAS and mental health (p=0.110, r=-0.235). We concluded that pain intensity in outpatients with chronic LBP in the Neurology Clinic at Adam Malik General Hospital Medan correlates with the patients’ quality of life.
The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
Authors: Nicholson Oliver 
Published: March 2018

Over 5,000 entries

The first comprehensive, multi-disciplinary reference work covering every aspect of history, culture, religion, and life in Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Near East (including the Persian Empire and Central Asia) between c. AD 250 to 750, the era now generally known as Late Antiquity. This period saw the re-establishment of the Roman Empire, its conversion to Christianity and its replacement in the West by Germanic kingdoms, the continuing Roman Empire in the Eastern Mediterranean, the Persian Sassanian Empire, and the rise of Islam.

Consisting of more than 1.5 million words, drawing on the latest scholarship, and written by more than 400 contributors, it bridges a significant period of history between those covered by the acclaimed Oxford Classical Dictionary and The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages, and aims to establish itself as the essential reference companion to this period.
Emerging virus infections
Authors: Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The term ‘emerging virus infection’ refers to both the emergence of an infectious disease caused by a virus that is new to the species it infects, and to a re-emerging infection, meaning that the disease is increasing in frequency, either in its traditional geographic location or in a new area. ‘Emerging viruses: vertebrate-transmitted viruses’ discusses examples such as swine flu, bird flu, Ebola virus, HIV, and the SARS and MERS coronaviruses. The differing patterns of emerging virus outbreaks depend on viral factors, including incubation period, disease manifestations and method of spread, and important host factors like living conditions, propensity to travel, and the success of any preventive measures.
Turning the tables
Authors: Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
How are diseases such as smallpox eradicated? ‘Turning the tables’ outlines the development of vaccination programmes including Edward Jenner’s research on smallpox in the late 18th century and Louis Pasteur’s rabies vaccine. In order to prevent virus spread, at least 80 per cent of a population must be vaccinated. The difference between live and inactivated vaccines is explained using the case of polio. The ethical debate surrounding vaccination is also discussed along with antiviral drugs, recombinant subunit viral vaccines, the difficulties of producing a vaccine for HIV, and the invention of the polymerase chain reaction in the 1980s and human genome sequencing, which have revolutionized viral diagnosis.
Longitudinal Twin Study of Subjective Health: Differences in Genetic and Environmental Components of Variance Across Age and Sex
Authors: Finkel Deborah , Franz Carol E , Christensen Kaare , Reynolds Chandra A , Pedersen Nancy L 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
The current analysis examines sex differences in longitudinal changes in genetic and environmental influences on three measures of subjective health (SH).

Method
Sample includes 7,372 twins (mean intake age = 73.22) with up to 8 waves of measurement (mean = 3.1). Three SH items were included: general self-rated health (SRH), health compared to age peers (COMP), and impact of health on activities (ACT) which previous research shows capture different frames of reference.

Results
Latent growth curve modeling indicated significant differences across gender and frame of reference in trajectories of change with age and in genetic and environmental contributions to change. Men have higher mean scores on all three SH measures, indicating better SH, but there were no sex differences in pattern of change with age. Accelerating declines with age were found for SRH and ACT, whereas COMP improved with age. Results indicated more genetic variance for women than men, but declining genetic variance for both after age 70. Increasing shared environmental variance with increasing age was also found for both sexes.

Discussion
As aging triggers a re-evaluation of the meaning of “good health,” physical aspects of health may become less important and shared cultural conceptions of health may become more relevant. This change in conceptions of good health may reflect both aging and the change in composition of the elderly population as a result of selective survival.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Assess the Safety of Bupropion and Varenicline in Pregnancy
Authors: Turner Emily , Jones Matthew , Vaz Luis R , Coleman Tim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionSmoking in pregnancy is a substantial public health issue, but, apart from nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), pharmacological therapies are not generally used to promote cessation. Bupropion and varenicline are effective cessation methods in nonpregnant smokers and this systematic review investigates their safety in pregnancy.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsychINFO databases for studies of any design reporting pregnancy outcomes after bupropion or varenicline exposure. We included studies of bupropion used for smoking cessation, depression, or where the indication was unspecified. Depending on study design, quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Most findings are reported narratively but meta-analyses were used to produce pooled estimates for the proportion of live births with congenital malformations and of the mean birthweight and gestational age at delivery following bupropion exposure.ResultsIn total, 18 studies were included: 2 randomized controlled trials, 11 cohorts, 2 case– control studies, and 3 case reports. Study quality was variable. Gestational safety outcomes were reported in 14 bupropion and 4 varenicline studies. Meaningful meta-analysis was only possible for bupropion exposure, for which the pooled estimated proportion of congenital malformations amongst live-born infants was 1.0% (95% CI = 0.0%–3.0%, I2 = 80.9%, 4 studies) and the mean birthweight and mean gestational age at delivery was 3305.9 g (95% CI = 3173.2–3438.7 g, I2 = 77.6%, 5 studies) and 39.2 weeks (95% CI = 38.8–39.6 weeks, I2 = 69.9%, 5 studies), respectively.ConclusionsThere was no strong evidence that either major positive or negative outcomes were associated with gestational use of bupropion or varenicline. PROSPERO registration number CRD42017067064.ImplicationsWe believe this to be the first systematic review investigating the safety of bupropion and varenicline in pregnancy. Meta-analysis of outcomes following bupropion exposure in pregnancy suggests that there are no major positive or negative impacts on the rate of congenital abnormalities, birthweight, or premature birth. Overall, we found no evidence that either of these treatments might be harmful in pregnancy, and no strong evidence to suggest safety, but available evidence is of poor quality.
Strategies for Successful Treatment of Active Tuberculosis in the Setting of DRESS on RIPE
Authors: Kizilbash Quratulain , Vasquez Adriana , Seaworth Barbara 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We describe 2 young, female patients who developed drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome while on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Active TB was treated successfully with second-line TB medications, including moxifloxacin, ethambutol, linezolid, and amikacin for 18 months.
Early Quaker Theology and the Transatlantic Context
Authors: Kershner Jon R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The Quaker movement began in mid-seventeenth-century Britain and its followers coalesced around the common sentiment that they had experienced a spiritual Second Coming of Christ. The leaders of this new movement believed they were in the vanguard of God’s people, establishing God’s will in the world. The founding of the colony of Pennsylvania, by William Penn, was an attempt to establish Quaker principles in the colonies. In the early and mid-eighteenth century, many Quakers became unsettled about how short Pennsylvania had fallen from their vision. These reform-minded Quakers reinvigorated corporate discipline and protested war, slavery, and political compromise. John Woolman was only one of these reformers, but he developed an incisive critique of the British imperial economy. While scholars have viewed him as primarily a Quietist figure, his awareness of broader economic developments and his apocalyptic outlook show that he constructed a theology that defies such categorization.
Influences and Comparisons
Authors: Kershner Jon R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores influences on Woolman, especially his Quaker tradition and the books he read. Then, he is compared with key contemporaneous Quaker reformers. However, Woolman made innovations upon these influences in a way that pertained to his eighteenth-century context. Both Woolman’s reading and his Quaker tradition emphasized the immanence of Christ, and Woolman resonated with this message as he incorporated it into his vision of Christ’s government. Moreover, Woolman differed from most of his peers in his this-worldly eschatology. His peers were more futurist in their orientation and so did not emphasize the present world as the location of divine transformation.
Introduction
Authors: Reeves John C. , Reed Annette Yoshiko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter provides an introductory survey of the study of extant Enochic literature like 1 Enoch, 2 Enoch, and other fragmentary remains associated with the name of Enoch found in Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, Latin, Syriac, Armenian, Coptic, and Arabic sources. It summarizes the previous work that has been expended on Enochic literature since its rediscovery by Western scholars in the sixteenth century. It calls attention to the abundance of evidence for understudied Enochic literary works which survives in early Jewish, Christian, Muslim, and non-biblical testimonies, articulates the need for assembling these remnants into a convenient collection for the progress of research, and describes the methodology that is employed for their arrangement in the present volume.
Enoch’s Association or Equation with Other Figures
Authors: Reeves John C. , Reed Annette Yoshiko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter focuses upon collecting the numerous texts which posit an identification of the biblical character Enoch with other similarly endowed figures occurring in later Jewish, Christian, Muslim, and non-biblical traditions. These Enoch “avatars” include Jewish celestial entities like Metatron and the so-called “YHW(H) the lesser”; the qur’ānic prophet Idrīs; Graeco-Egyptian Hermes/Thoth and Hermes Trismegistus; and the Iranian epic hero Hōshang. Other assimilations which are explored include Enoch’s possible pre-biblical identity as a rival Flood-hero prior to the introduction of the character of Noah, and Enoch’s status in certain medieval Jewish writings as a reincarnation of Adam, the first human.
DNA sequencing
Authors: Taberlet Pierre , Bonin Aurélie , Zinger Lucie , Coissac Eric 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The emergence of eDNA analysis is tightly linked to the development of next-generation sequencing. Chapter 7 “DNA sequencing” gives an overview of the characteristics and limitations of the main next-generation sequencing platforms. It focuses particularly on the Illumina platform, which is the only technology currently suitable for large-scale analysis with hundreds to thousands of samples. More specifically, Chapter 7 describes the Illumina library preparation process, the generation of sequencing clusters by bridge PCR on the flow cell, and the sequencing reaction itself, based on sequencing by synthesis. Finally, detailed information is provided on the meaning and coding of quality scores of the sequencing reads.
Roman Orators between Greece and Rome
Authors: Eckert Alexandra 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter examines Roman ambivalence towards Greek culture in testimonies of Cato the Elder, L. Crassus, and M. Antonius. It investigates why these orators expressed feelings of ambivalence despite their thorough education in Greek paideia. This chapter argues that a key aspect for understanding Roman ambivalence is the inherent conflict between the hierarchical structure of Roman society, granting supremacy to the speaker with the highest auctoritas in public debate, and the more egalitarian Greek notion of the primacy of the most compelling argument. The Romans’ disposition to strongly distinguish themselves from other cultures is illustrated by the consistent use of Latin when Romans dealt with Greeks in official contexts and the exclusivity of Roman citizenship. It is suggested that this disposition may also have contributed to Roman ambivalence towards Greek learning in the second and early first centuries bc.
Plautus and the Tone of Roman Diplomacy of Intervention
Authors: Pagola Elena Torregaray 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter uses a scene in Plautus’ Amphitruo to reconstruct contemporary Roman oratorical practice in the context of the diplomacy of intervention, offering a close reading of a monologue by the slave Sosia (Amph. 186–218). In this extract Sosia describes the composition of a ‘victory speech’ for his master’s wife and, within the speech, recounts the diplomatic activity that preceded the war. Traces of the fetiales formula in the latter can be contextualized in terms of a rhetoric of intimidation, used to establish Roman supremacy even before the outbreak of war. The monologue itself, in depicting Sosia’s doubts and concerns while composing his speech, sheds light on the disposition of speakers in tense situations.
The Fragments of Republican Orators in Quintilian’sInstitutio oratoria
Authors: Raschieri Amedeo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter analyses the quotations from the orators of the Republican period in Quintilian’s Institutio oratoria. The method of quotation is extremely varied and the author shows a good first-hand knowledge of many speeches, especially those of more recent writers including Caelius Rufus, Asinius Pollio, and Messala Corvinus. Regardless of Cicero’s excellence, these orators fit well within the large educational project proposed by Quintilian. They are used as moral models, as well as lexical, rhetorical, and stylistic examples, often accepted but sometimes rejected, and always included in a more general literary, historical, and cultural framework. In addition to the most important Greek authors, Cicero, and more recent Latin authors, Roman orators of the Republican period are fundamental models both for orators in training and those already practising, in an emulative and anti-dogmatic vision, aware of the new linguistic and social needs, but eager to find solid roots in the past.
VisandSeruitus
Authors: Lawrence S. J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter examines the representation of oratory in chapter 8.9 Quanta Vis Sit Eloquentiae: ‘How Great is the Force of Eloquence’, of Valerius Maximus’ Facta et Dicta Memorabilia. While Valerius’ text is frequently used as a source of fragments of Republican oratory, this chapter argues that readers need to be acutely aware of the way that these extracts are framed in the structure of the wider chapter, as Valerius is certainly an author with his own, distinctive ideas. This is evidenced by the fact that traditional exemplary models of oratory such as Cicero and Demosthenes are ignored in 8.9. Valerius instead creates a dark vision of Republican oratory that links eloquence inextricably to the loss of freedom and the development of tyranny and despair under Julius Caesar and his heirs.
Clodius’Contio de haruspicum responsis
Authors: Corbeill Anthony 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter has two parts. The first offers an imaginative reconstruction, in English, of a no longer extant contional speech by Publius Clodius Pulcher, delivered prior to Cicero’s own surviving speech De haruspicum responsis (‘On the responses of the haruspices,’ Spring 56 bc). This reconstruction is based on fragments derived from the Ciceronian oration, supplemented by examples of anti-Ciceronian invective drawn from other ancient sources. The second part offers a detailed analysis of the language and rhetoric of the Clodian fragments of the speech, situating each into a hypothetical line of reasoning based on Cicero’s own argument and on recent political and religious events. At least seven fragments from Clodius’s contio are identified, none of which appears in Malcovati’s Oratorum Romanorum Fragmenta Liberae Rei Publicae.