bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Materials and Design toward Safe and Durable Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wen Lei , Liang Ji , Chen Jing , Chu Zheng‐Yu , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Li Feng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSmart electrochemical energy storage devices are devices that can operate autonomously to some extent. Although the conventional electrochemical energy storage devices, e.g., the commonly used lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), may be externally monitored in terms of their voltage and current output to reflect the state of health for the devices, it is extremely important to exploit materials and devices that are intrinsically smart enough to be capable of rapidly self‐detecting and responding to faults, such as interior short circuits, overheating, abnormal capacity drop, and other types of mechanical/chemical damage. These “smart” features could significantly enhance the safety characteristics and durability of LIBs, which is essential for future usage. Therefore, recent achievements toward smart materials and design strategies for safer and more durable LIBs are summarized. The main categories are as follows: 1) New materials: This category mainly includes smart electrode materials with thermal/electrical/mechanical self‐response functions, and self‐response separators to suppress thermal runaway/lithium dendrite growth; 2) New chemistries: This category mainly includes electrolytes with reversible self‐protecting functions; and 3) New architectures with novel functions, such as shape‐recovery, self‐heating, and self‐monitoring. Besides the working mechanisms, the challenges that must be overcome for smart LIBs to be adopted in practical applications are also discussed.
Role of Th2 cytokines on the onset of asthma induced by meta‐xylene in mice
Authors: Hong Seong‐Gyeol , Hwang Yun‐Ho , Mun Seul‐Ki , Kim Su‐Jin , Jang Ho‐Yeol , Kim Hangun , Paik Man‐Jeong , Yee Sung‐Tae 
Published: June 2019

Abstractmeta‐Xylene (m‐xylene) is one of three isomers of xylene, which is widely used as a solvent and detergent in various industries and medical technology. Exposure to volatile organic compounds, such as m‐xylene, causes pulmonary inflammation and airway inflammation, thereby contributing to the onset of asthma. Exposure to m‐xylene increases acute wheezing and intensity of asthma symptom. However, the mechanism of the onset of asthma by m‐xylene has not been studied yet. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged by m‐xylene at 100 or 300 mg/kg. The mice were then sacrificed after the last challenge. Exposure to m‐xylene increased the total number of inflammatory cells and the production of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, and immunoglobulin E related to the Th2 immune response. In contrast, the production of interferon‐γ related to the Th1 immune response was decreased. In addition, the airway resistance increased according to the airway hyper‐responsiveness measurements. Finally, a histological analysis revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells, mucus production, and lung fibrosis. These results suggest that m‐xylene is a potential risk factor for asthma and the onset of asthma is caused by TH2 cytokines.
Water acquisition, sharing and redistribution by roots: applications to agroforestry systems
Authors: Bayala J. , Prieto I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsIn the face of problems caused by ‘intensive agriculture’ dominated by large areas of monocultures, mixed intercropping mimicking natural ecosystems has been reported to constitute a viable solution to increase and stabilize productivity. When designing such systems, root niche separation was thought to be a prerequisite to optimize production.MethodsThis paper reviews the beneficial and adverse effects of trees and crops on water acquisition and redistribution in agroforestry ecosystems using the concepts of competition and facilitation between plants in link with root functional traits.ResultsThe results of the review showed that the reality was more complex leading agroforestry practitioners to adopt management practices to induce a separation in root activities thus avoid competition, particularly for water. Water uptake by plant roots is triggered by the water potential difference between the soil and the atmosphere when leaf stomata are open and depends largely on the root exploration capacity of the plant. Thus, root water uptake dynamics are strongly related to root-length densities and root surface areas. In addition, plants with deep roots are able to lift up or redistribute water to the upper layers through a process known as hydraulic lift, potentially acting as “bioirrigators” to adjacent plants. The redistributed water could be of importance not only in regulating plant water status, e.g. by enhancing transpiration, but also in increasing the survival and growth of associated crops in mixed systems.ConclusionsEven though some more work is still needed to assess the volume of water transferred to neighbors, hydraulic lift could constitute an ecological viable mechanism to buffer against droughts and ensure productivity in regions with erratic rainfall. Giving the difficulty in measuring the above-mentioned aspects in the field, modeling of some of the most relevant parameters to quantify them might inform the design of future empirical studies.
On the Evolution of Primary Gamma Prime Precipitates During High Temperature and High Strain Rate Deformation and Subsequent Heat Treatment in the Ni-Based Superalloy, RR1000
Authors: D’Souza N. , Li W. , Argyrakis C. , West G. D. , Slater C. D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The microstructural evolution following compression and subsequent sub-solvus and super-solvus heat treatment was studied in the Ni-based superalloy, RR1000, typically used for rotor disc applications in aero-engines. For a low strain rate of 0.1 s−1 at close to solvus temperature, 1413 K (1140 °C), the flow stress is constant. For larger strain rates of 1 and 10 s−1 at sub-solvus temperature, 1373 K (1100 °C) dynamic re-crystallization (DRX) of γ grains occurs during forging with accompanying stress decay. Incoherent primary γ′ precipitates form mainly via meta-dynamic re-crystallization (MDRX) at 1 s−1 and are as intergranular. For 10 s−1, the coherently nucleated or existing precipitates present in the initial as-HIP condition become incoherent when the grain boundary sweeps past them during DRX and subsequent grain growth. The incoherent primary γ′ precipitates are mainly intragranular. During sub-solvus heat treatment at 1373 K (1100 °C), dissolution of the incoherent precipitates occurs through coarsening of the coherent intragranular population with only sporadic incoherent precipitates remaining. The prior induced deformation (strain and strain rate) influences the evolution of precipitate morphologies during cooling following heating to super-solvus temperature. Using numerical simulations, a quantitative calculation of the different precipitate morphologies was carried out during slow cooling from super-solvus temperature, 1443 K to 1373 K (1170 °C to 1100 °C).
The moderating effect of Korean preschoolers’ receptive and expressive language skills on the link between Korean PA and English PA
Authors: HONG Yea-Ji , YI Soon-Hyung 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to examine whether oral language skills moderate the effect of Korean phonological awareness (PA) on English PA for Korean preschoolers in the initial stage of learning English as a second language. The study participants comprised 81 five- to six-year-old Korean preschoolers attending Korean-medium preschools in South Korea. The findings demonstrated that Korean PA was significantly associated with English PA. In addition, Korean receptive and expressive language skills had moderating effects on the relationship between Korean PA and English PA, respectively. This study is discussed not only in terms of cross-language PA transfer in processing two phonologically and orthographically different languages but also in light of the importance of native language skills interacting with native PA in the second-language PA development of preschool children in the initial stage of learning a second language.
Production-related contaminants (pesticides, antibiotics and hormones) in organic and conventionally produced milk samples sold in the USA
Authors: Welsh Jean A , Braun Hayley , Brown Nicole , Um Caroline , Ehret Karen , Figueroa Janet , Boyd Barr Dana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:Consumption of cow’s milk, which is associated with diet and health benefits, has decreased in the USA. The simultaneous increase in demand for more costly organic milk suggests consumer concern about exposure to production-related contaminants may be contributing to this decline. We sought to determine if contaminant levels differ by the production method used.Design:Half-gallon containers of organic and conventional milk (four each) were collected by volunteers in each of nine US regions and shipped on ice for analysis. Pesticide, antibiotic and hormone (bovine growth hormone (bGH), bGH-associated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)) residues were measured using liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass or tandem mass spectrometry. Levels were compared against established federal limits and by production method.Setting:Laboratory analysis of retail milk samples.Results:Current-use pesticides (5/15 tested) and antibiotics (5/13 tested) were detected in several conventional (26–60 %;n35) but not in organic (n34) samples. Among the conventional samples, residue levels exceeded federal limits for amoxicillin in one sample (3 %) and in multiple samples for sulfamethazine (37 %) and sulfathiazole (26 %). Median bGH and IGF-1 concentrations in conventional milk were 9·8 and 3·5 ng/ml, respectively, twenty and three times that in organic samples (P< 0·0001).Conclusions:Current-use antibiotics and pesticides were undetectable in organic but prevalent in conventionally produced milk samples, with multiple samples exceeding federal limits. Higher bGH and IGF-1 levels in conventional milk suggest the presence of synthetic growth hormone. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these differences, if any, on consumers.
Grocery store tour education programme promotes fruit and vegetable consumption
Authors: Jung Seung Eun , Shin Yeon Ho , Niuh Alvin , Hermann Janice , Dougherty Regan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:To examine the effectiveness of the Produce for Better Health Foundation grocery store tour programme as a nutrition education tool for changing consumers’ intention to consume various forms of fruits and vegetables (F&amp;V).Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Ten grocery stores in a city in the Southeast USA.Participants:A total of 147 grocery shoppers in Alabama, who participated in a grocery store tour, completed a retrospective pre-/post-survey using the Theory of Planned Behaviour.Results:Results from independent-samples t tests indicated that mean values of attitude, subjective norm and perceived control were significantly increased after store tours (P &lt; 0·01). Participants’ intentions to consume various types of F&amp;V (fresh, dried, canned, juice and frozen), especially dried F&amp;V, increased significantly after store tours. Results from structural equation modelling indicated that before store tours attitude (γ = 0·48, P &lt; 0·01) was the most significant predictor of intention to consume F&amp;V, followed by perceived behavioural control (γ = 0·24, P = 0·02) and subjective norm (γ = 0·21, P = 0·03). After store tours, attitude (γ = 0·51, P &lt; 0·01) and perceived behavioural control (γ = 0·44, P &lt; 0·01) were still strong predictors of intention to consume F&amp;V, while subjective norm became an insignificant predictor of intention.Conclusions:Findings revealed positive changes in study participants’ attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and their intentions to consume various forms of F&amp;V, which suggest potential benefits of providing grocery store tours as a tool to promote consumers’ F&amp;V intake.
The Late Paleozoic Tectonometamorphic Evolution of Patagonia Revisited: Insights From the Pressure‐Temperature‐Deformation‐Time (P‐T‐D‐t) Path of the Gondwanide Basement of the North Patagonian Cordillera (Argentina)
Authors: Oriolo Sebastián , Schulz Bernhard , González Pablo D. , Bechis Florencia , Olaizola Ezequiel , Krause Joachim , Renda Emiliano M. , Vizán Haroldo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCombined field structural analysis with in situ electron probe microanalysis Th‐U‐Pb monazite dating, petrologic, and microstructural data provides a reconstruction of the pressure‐temperature‐deformation‐time (P‐T‐D‐t) path of the Gondwanide basement of the North Patagonian Cordillera. For samples from the Challhuaco hill, the timing of development of the metamorphic S2 foliation and associated L2 lineation and tight to isoclinal F2 folds is constrained by monazite ages of 299 ± 8 and 302 ± 16 Ma during peak metamorphic conditions of ~ 650 °C and 11 kbar, achieved during prograde metamorphism and progressive deformation. Metamorphism and deformation of metamorphic complexes of the North Patagonian Andes seem to record Late Paleozoic crustal thickening and are coeval with metamorphism of accretionary complexes exposed further west in Chile, suggesting a coupled Late Devonian‐Carboniferous evolution. Instead of the result of continental collision, the Gondwanide orogeny might thus be essentially linked to transpression due to advancing subduction along the proto‐Pacific margin of Gondwana. On the other hand, second generation of monazite ages of 171 ± 9 and 170 ± 7 Ma constrains the timing of low‐grade metamorphism related to kink band and F3 open fold development during Jurassic transtension and emplacement of granitoids. Finally, a Cretaceous overprint, likely resulting from hydrothermal processes, is recorded by monazite ages of 110 ± 10 and 80 ± 20 Ma, which might be coeval with deformation along low‐grade shear zones during the onset of Andean transpression.
Spurious Transitions in Convective Regime Due to Viscosity Clipping: Ramifications for Modeling Planetary Secular Cooling
Authors: Guerrero J. M. , Lowman J. P. , Tackley P. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe thermal evolution of a solid planet is governed by mantle convection and therefore the dependence of viscosity on temperature. In this study, over a span of five billion years, we investigate the effect of viscosity clipping (i.e., limiting the maximum value of the viscosity) on the thermal evolution of lunar‐sized initially hot bodies featuring decaying internal heat sources. Models with a decreasing viscosity contrast resulting from limiting the maximum viscosity to 105.5 times the initial viscosity at the core‐mantle boundary were first examined. At times determined by the initial internal heating rate, rapid cooling sets in as a result of a convective regime change from stagnant‐lid to mobile‐lid convection, followed by gradual cooling to a weakly convecting and eventually nearly conductive state. Subsequently, we employ a dynamic clipping viscosity of 105.5 times the viscosity at the core‐mantle boundary, throughout the planet's evolution. In this case, stagnant‐lid convection is the only convective regime observed. Finally, convection with an initially large viscosity contrast (1010) is modeled in both 2‐D and 3‐D spherical geometry, and we find strong agreement in the thermal evolution when compared with the dynamic clipping model. Our findings show that convective regime changes due to secular cooling can occur due to implementing a fixed viscosity contrast that becomes subcritical with respect to obtaining a stagnant lid. To avoid spurious convective regime changes, the specification of a dynamic clipping viscosity can be used to emulate much higher viscosity contrasts.
The Lomonosov Crater Impact Event: A Possible Mega‐Tsunami Source on Mars
Authors: Costard F. , Séjourné A. , Lagain A. , Ormö J. , Rodriguez J.A.P. , Clifford S. , Bouley S. , Kelfoun K. , Lavigne F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent research suggests that major meteorite impact events into a Late Hesperian/Early Amazonian ocean likely produced a mega‐tsunami that would have resurfaced coastal areas in northwestern Arabia Terra. The orientations of the associated lobate deposits, a conspicuous type of landforms called Thumbprint Terrain, suggests that if an impact event triggered the mega‐tsunami, the most likely location of the source crater is within the northern plains regions situated north of Arabia Terra. This study focuses on the identification of impact craters that impacted into the ocean and are likely to have produced the tsunami. We selected 10 complex impact craters, based on their diameters, location, and geomorphic characteristics. Of those, the Late Hesperian ~120‐km‐diameter Lomonosov crater exhibits a unique topographic plan view asymmetry (compared to other similar‐sized and similar‐aged craters in the northern plains such as Micoud, Korolev, and Milankovic). We attribute its broad and shallow rim, in part, to an impact into a shallow ocean as well as its subsequent erosion from the collapsing transient water cavity. The likely marine formation of the Lomonosov crater, and the apparent agreement in its age with that of the Thumbprint Terrain unit (~3 Ga), strongly suggests that it was the source crater of the tsunami. These results have implications for the stability of a late northern ocean on Mars.
Penta- and hexa-coordinated beryllium and phosphorus in high-pressure modifications of CaBe2P2O8
Authors: Pakhomova Anna , Aprilis Georgios , Bykov Maxim , Gorelova Liudmila , Krivovichev Sergey S. , Belov Maxim P. , Abrikosov Igor A. , Dubrovinsky Leonid 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBeryllium oxides have been extensively studied due to their unique chemical properties and important technological applications. Typically, in inorganic compounds beryllium is tetrahedrally coordinated by oxygen atoms. Herein based on results of in situ single crystal X-ray diffraction studies and ab initio calculations we report on the high-pressure behavior of CaBe2P2O8, to the best of our knowledge the first compound showing a step-wise transition of Be coordination from tetrahedral (4) to octahedral (6) through trigonal bipyramidal (5). It is remarkable that the same transformation route is observed for phosphorus. Our theoretical analysis suggests that the sequence of structural transitions of CaBe2P2O8is associated with the electronic transformation from predominantly molecular orbitals at low pressure to the state with overlapping electronic clouds of anions orbitals.
Long-read sequencing unveils IGH-DUX4 translocation into the silenced IGH allele in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Tian Liqing , Shao Ying , Nance Stephanie , Dang Jinjun , Xu Beisi , Ma Xiaotu , Li Yongjin , Ju Bensheng , Dong Li , Newman Scott , Zhou Xin , Schreiner Patrick , Tseng Elizabeth , Hon Ting , Ashby Meredith , Li Chunliang , Easton John , Gruber Tanja A. , Zhang Jinghui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIGH@ proto-oncogene translocation is a common oncogenic event in lymphoid lineage cancers such as B-ALL, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Here, to investigate the interplay between IGH@ proto-oncogene translocation and IGH allelic exclusion, we perform long-read whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing along with epigenetic and 3D genome profiling of Nalm6, an IGH-DUX4 positive B-ALL cell line. We detect significant allelic imbalance on the wild-type over the IGH-DUX4 haplotype in expression and epigenetic data, showing IGH-DUX4 translocation occurs on the silenced IGH allele. In vitro, this reduces the oncogenic stress of DUX4 high-level expression. Moreover, patient samples of IGH-DUX4 B-ALL have similar expression profile and IGH breakpoints as Nalm6, suggesting a common mechanism to allow optimal dosage of non-toxic DUX4 expression.
Widely tunable GaAs bandgap via strain engineering in core/shell nanowires with large lattice mismatch
Authors: Balaghi Leila , Bussone Genziana , Grifone Raphael , Hübner René , Grenzer Jörg , Ghorbani-Asl Mahdi , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. , Schneider Harald , Helm Manfred , Dimakis Emmanouil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe realisation of photonic devices for different energy ranges demands materials with different bandgaps, sometimes even within the same device. The optimal solution in terms of integration, device performance and device economics would be a simple material system with widely tunable bandgap and compatible with the mainstream silicon technology. Here, we show that gallium arsenide nanowires grown epitaxially on silicon substrates exhibit a sizeable reduction of their bandgap by up to 40% when overgrown with lattice-mismatched indium gallium arsenide or indium aluminium arsenide shells. Specifically, we demonstrate that the gallium arsenide core sustains unusually large tensile strain with hydrostatic character and its magnitude can be engineered via the composition and the thickness of the shell. The resulted bandgap reduction renders gallium arsenide nanowires suitable for photonic devices across the near-infrared range, including telecom photonics at 1.3 and potentially 1.55 μm, with the additional possibility of monolithic integration in silicon-CMOS chips.
TGFβ-induced degradation of TRAF3 in mesenchymal progenitor cells causes age-related osteoporosis
Authors: Li Jinbo , Ayoub Akram , Xiu Yan , Yin Xiaoxiang , Sanders James O. , Mesfin Addisu , Xing Lianping , Yao Zhenqiang , Boyce Brendan F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInflammaging induces osteoporosis by promoting bone destruction and inhibiting bone formation. TRAF3 limits bone destruction by inhibiting RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling in osteoclast precursors. However, the role of TRAF3 in mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) is unknown. Mice with TRAF3 deleted in MPCs develop early onset osteoporosis due to reduced bone formation and enhanced bone destruction. In young mice TRAF3 prevents β-catenin degradation in MPCs and maintains osteoblast formation. However, TRAF3 protein levels decrease in murine and human bone samples during aging when TGFβ1 is released from resorbing bone. TGFβ1 induces degradation of TRAF3 in murine MPCs and inhibits osteoblast formation through GSK-3β-mediated degradation of β-catenin. Thus, TRAF3 positively regulates MPC differentiation into osteoblasts. TRAF3 deletion in MPCs activated NF-κB RelA and RelB to promote RANKL expression and enhance bone destruction. We conclude that pharmacologic stabilization of TRAF3 during aging could treat/prevent age-related osteoporosis by inhibiting bone destruction and promoting bone formation.
Interlayer epitaxy of wafer-scale high-quality uniform AB-stacked bilayer graphene films on liquid Pt3Si/solid Pt
Authors: Ma Wei , Chen Mao-Lin , Yin Lichang , Liu Zhibo , Li Hui , Xu Chuan , Xin Xing , Sun Dong-Ming , Cheng Hui-Ming , Ren Wencai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLarge-area high-quality AB-stacked bilayer graphene films are highly desired for the applications in electronics, photonics and spintronics. However, the existing growth methods can only produce discontinuous bilayer graphene with variable stacking orders because of the non-uniform surface and strong potential field of the solid substrates used. Here we report the growth of wafer-scale continuous uniform AB-stacked bilayer graphene films on a liquid Pt3Si/solid Pt substrate by chemical vapor deposition. The films show quality, mechanical and electrical properties comparable to the mechanically exfoliated samples. Growth mechanism studies show that the second layer is grown underneath the first layer by precipitation of carbon atoms from the solid Pt, and the small energy requirements for the movements of graphene nucleus on the liquid Pt3Si enables the interlayer epitaxy to form energy-favorable AB stacking. This interlayer epitaxy also allows the growth of ABA-stacked trilayer graphene and is applicable to other liquid/solid substrates.