bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statin use protective for chronic rhinosinusitis in a nationally representative sample of the United States
Authors: Wilson James H. , Payne Spencer C. , Fermin Cyrelle‐Elize R. , Churnin Ian , Qazi Jamiluddin , Mattos Jose L. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives/HypothesisStatins have long been used in the management of cardiovascular disease for their lipid‐lowering properties. However, recent research suggests that statins may also have anti‐inflammatory effects via modulation of lipid‐containing enzymes and mediators, and therefore may have therapeutic value in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsThe 2006 to 2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) data were queried to analyze the relationship between statin use and rates of CRS. CRS was indicated by the presence of an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code for CRS in one of the five diagnosis variables. Statin use was indicated by the presence of a statin medication in any of the 30 medication variables using the Multum Lexicon Drug Database, with newly prescribed medications excluded. Relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and comorbid factors were included in a multivariate logistic regression model, which accounted for the complex, stratified, multistage survey design of the NAMCS.ResultsThere were 390,538 unweighted visit records used in the weighted analysis dataset, corresponding to 9,612,613,668 weighted visits. Statin use was associated with a decreased rate of CRS in both a univariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, P < .001) and the multivariate logistic regression accounting for comorbid, socioeconomic, and demographic factors (OR = 0.79, P = .030).ConclusionsStatin use is associated with decreased rates of CRS based on a nationally representative sample of outpatient visits in the United States. This supports research that suggests statin medications may have protective properties against CRS, and further research is warranted into their potential therapeutic value for this indication.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 130:848–851, 2020
A dual‐tuned multichannel bilateral RF coil for 1H/23Na breast MRI at 7 T
Authors: Ianniello Carlotta , Madelin Guillaume , Moy Linda , Brown Ryan 
Published: May 2019

PurposeSodium MRI has shown promise for monitoring neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer. The purpose of this work was to build a dual‐tuned bilateral proton/sodium breast coil for 7T MRI that provides sufficient SNR to enable sodium breast imaging in less than 10 minutes.MethodsThe proton/sodium coil consists of 2 shielded unilateral units: 1 for each breast. Each unit consists of 3 nested layers: (1) a 3‐loop solenoid for sodium excitation, (2) a 3‐loop solenoid for proton excitation and signal reception, and (3) a 4‐channel receive array for sodium signal reception. Benchmark measurements were performed in phantoms with and without the sodium receive array insert. In vivo images were acquired on a healthy volunteer.ResultsThe sodium receive array boosted 1.5 to 3 times the SNR compared with the solenoid. Proton SNR loss due to residual interaction with the sodium array was less than 10%. The coil enabled sodium imaging in vivo with 2.8‐mm isotropic nominal resolution (~5‐mm real resolution) in 9:36 minutes.ConclusionThe coil design that we propose addresses challenges associated with sodium's low SNR from a hardware perspective and offers the opportunity to investigate noninvasively breast tumor metabolism as a function of sodium concentration in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Safety of medicines—Pharmacists' knowledge, practice, and attitudes toward pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting process
Authors: Kopciuch Dorota , Zaprutko Tomasz , Paczkowska Anna , Ratajczak Piotr , Zielińska‐Tomczak Łucja , Kus Krzysztof , Nowakowska Elżbieta 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposePatients' safety is a public concern in healthcare systems across the world and should be ensured, among others, by pharmacovigilance based on spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Spontaneous ADRs reporting is an important component of the pharmacovigilance system. The role of pharmacists in spontaneous ADRs reporting is crucial in the pharmacovigilance system since it helps to monitor the patients' treatment in real‐life conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacists' attitudes to and knowledge on spontaneous ADRs reporting in Poland and to identify the reasons for underreporting of ADRs.MethodsThe study was conducted between January 2016 and January 2018. A self‐administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to pharmacists. The pharmacists were randomly selected from the official database kept by the chief pharmaceutical inspectorate in Poland.ResultsOnly 16% (n = 84) of the respondents have ever attended a training on pharmacovigilance. Eighty‐one percent (N = 422) of pharmacists believe that not all synthetic drugs available on the market were safe. Twenty‐eight percent (n = 146) of the respondents were certain about safety of drugs of natural origin, and 16% (n = 84) were of an opinion that adverse reactions following administration of such drugs should not be reported at all.ConclusionsTo conclude, there is an increasing awareness of the need to develop pharmacovigilance practices. The current (not fully adhered to in practice) model of pharmacovigilance and its associated tools have been developed for synthetic drugs, and applying these methods to monitor safety of herbal medicines presents unique challenges.
Transition to Oral versus Continued Intravenous Antibiotics for Patients with Pyogenic Liver Abscesses: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Giangiuli Stephanie E. , Mueller Scott W. , Jeffres Meghan N. 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionThe management of pyogenic liver abscesses usually requires 4 weeks of antibiotic therapy. It is unknown if oral (PO) antibiotics are as effective as intravenous (IV) antibiotics for this indication.ObjectivesTo compare 30‐, 60‐, and 90‐day readmission rates between patients with pyogenic liver abscesses receiving IV antibiotics for the duration of therapy and those who were transitioned to PO antibiotics after discharge from the hospital.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with pyogenic liver abscesses who had undergone percutaneous drainage and received IV antibiotics while in the hospital. Patients were grouped based on receipt of either PO or IV antibiotics at discharge.ResultsThe final cohort resulted in 99 patients, 48 in the PO group and 51 in the IV group. The most common organisms identified were Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus sp. The most common antibiotic received at discharge in the IV group was ertapenem or ceftriaxone plus metronidazole. Patients in the PO group most commonly received levofloxacin plus metronidazole at discharge. Thirty‐day readmission occurred more frequently in the PO group (PO 39.6% vs IV 17.6%, p=0.03). The most common reasons for readmission were complications related to abscess or antibiotic. Univariate logistic regression for readmission identified PO antibiotics at discharge as an independent predictor of readmission at 30 days (odds ratio [OR] 3.1), 60 days (OR 3.9), and 90 days (OR 3.1).ConclusionTransition to PO antibiotics that consisted mostly of fluoroquinolones for patients with pyogenic liver abscesses was associated with a higher rate of 30‐day readmission compared with patients treated with IV antibiotics that consisted mostly of β‐lactams.
Synthesis of perfectly sulfonated sodium polystyrene sulfonate over a wide molar mass range via reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization
Authors: Balding Paul , Cueto Rafael , Russo Paul S. , Gutekunst Will R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTAn aqueous reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) approach is used to synthesize sodium polystyrene sulfonate directly from functionalized monomers to give uniformly and completely sulfonated materials. Reproducible gram scale syntheses are achieved under simple one pot reaction conditions at ambient temperatures, and full monomer conversions are achieved within approximately 3 h. Reaction variables such as pH, sodium chloride concentration, and methanol cosolvent have a significant effect on the molecular weights (Mn ≈ 20,000–400,000 g·mol−1) obtained by gel permeation chromatography coupled multiangle light scattering. Observed dispersities were reasonably narrow: Ð ≈ 1.05–1.3. A parametric optimization, rather than direct variation of the monomer to initiator ratio, resulted in some of the highest molecular weight polymers by an RDRP approach. Linear progression between Mn and monomer conversion occurs at a neutral reaction pH, which results in narrow polymer molecular weight distributions, along with high end‐group fidelity as demonstrated with chain extension reactions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1527–1537
Inaccurate secondary structure predictions often indicate protein fold switching
Authors: Mishra Soumya , Looger Loren L. , Porter Lauren L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough most proteins conform to the classical one‐structure/one‐function paradigm, an increasing number of proteins with dual structures and functions have been discovered. In response to cellular stimuli, such proteins undergo structural changes sufficiently dramatic to remodel even their secondary structures and domain organization. This “fold‐switching” capability fosters protein multi‐functionality, enabling cells to establish tight control over various biochemical processes. Accurate predictions of fold‐switching proteins could both suggest underlying mechanisms for uncharacterized biological processes and reveal potential drug targets. Recently, we developed a prediction method for fold‐switching proteins using structure‐based thermodynamic calculations and discrepancies between predicted and experimentally determined protein secondary structure (Porter and Looger, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5968–5973). Here we seek to leverage the negative information found in these secondary structure prediction discrepancies. To do this, we quantified secondary structure prediction accuracies of 192 known fold‐switching regions (FSRs) within solved protein structures found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). We find that the secondary structure prediction accuracies for these FSRs vary widely. Inaccurate secondary structure predictions are strongly associated with fold‐switching proteins compared to equally long segments of non‐fold‐switching proteins selected at random. These inaccurate predictions are enriched in helix‐to‐strand and strand‐to‐coil discrepancies. Finally, we find that most proteins with inaccurate secondary structure predictions are underrepresented in the PDB compared with their alternatively folded cognates, suggesting that unequal representation of fold‐switching conformers within the PDB could be an important cause of inaccurate secondary structure predictions. These results demonstrate that inconsistent secondary structure predictions can serve as a useful preliminary marker of fold switching.
Oxalyl Chloride: A Versatile Reagent in Organic Transformations
Authors: Mohammadkhani Leyla , Heravi Majid M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOxalyl chloride, (COCl)2, as an inexpensive commercially available chemical is one of the most versatile applicable organic reagents in chemical transformations. It is also employed extensively in various chemical industries. It is employed in various chemical transformations such as chlorination, oxidation, reduction, dehydration, decarboxylation, and formylation reactions as well as ring cleavage of epoxides. During the past decades, numerous procedures using (COCl)2 as reagent have been developed and published. However, its importance has largely been overlooked by the absence of a comprehensive review in chemical literature dealing with its application in organic transformations and its utilization in the chemical industry. This Review aims to provide an overview for the applications of oxalyl chloride in organic synthesis, including its physical properties, synthesis, as well as its unique roles as the reagent in organic reactions, covering the literature over the past 103 years (from 1916 to date).
Polyphenolic Compound from Brown Macroalga Padina tetrastromatica Imparts Oxidative Stress Tolerance in SH‐SY5Y, RAW 264.7, HeLa Cell Lines and in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Rai Sameer Kumar , Smriti Bhardwaj , Gunaseelan Sathaiah , Ashokkumar Balasubramaniem , Varalakshmi Perumal 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMarine brown macroalgae are known for producing potent bioactive secondary metabolites such as phlorotannins. Phlorotannins are the phenolic compounds which can inhibit the oxidative stress via scavenging the free radicals. In this study, phlorotannin from Padina tetrastromatica brown macroalga was collected from Mandapam, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and identified by microscopic observation. The compound was extracted and purified by using column chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The purified compound showed prominent inhibition of free radicals via reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity in vitro. Further, the compound showed the inhibitory effect of ROS in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line, HeLa human cervical cancer cell line, and SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. Further, the effect of the compound on neurotoxicity was carried out in Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model. The stress‐responsive genes daf‐16 and sod‐1 gene expression studies were performed and results revealed that the aforementioned genes had shown up‐regulation in compound treated with acrylamide induced worms. Thus, this compound may prospect for therapeutic applications against the oxidative stress‐related complications.
A Novel Synthesis, Characterization and Performances of 1,3,5‐Trinitro‐2,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazinane
Authors: Yang Tongtong , Xu Zhibin , Meng Zihui , Zhai Lianjie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel synthetic method of the 1, 3, 5‐trinitro‐2, 2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazinane (2) has been successfully developed. In addition to IR, 1H 13C NMR and elemental analysis, compound 2 was characterized by 15N NMR and X‐ray single crystal diffraction. Due to the introduction of trifluoromethyl, the density of compound 2 is up to 2.04 g⋅cm−3 at 298 K, which is consistent with its crystal density (2.059 g⋅cm−3, 296(2) K). Compound 2 exhibits excellent detonation pressures and velocities (P, 45.6 GPa; vD, 9564 m⋅s−1), as good as exceptional impact and friction sensitivities(IS, 22.5 J; FS, >360 J). Some of these values are better than the current benchmark explosives, such as 1, 3, 5‐trinitrodihydro‐1, 3, 5‐triazine (RDX) and cyclo‐1, 3, 5, 7‐tetramethylenene‐2, 4, 6, 8‐tetranitramine (HMX).It is a potential high energy density material.
Phenanthroline‐tBuONa Promoted Intramolecular C−H Arylation of 1,5‐Diaryl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles for Efficient Synthesis of Triazolophenanthridines
Authors: Yang Jianhua , Ren Yongsheng , Wang Jiazhuang , Li Tao , Xiao Tiebo , Jiang Yubo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe first example of phenanthroline‐tBuONa promoted intramolecular C−H arylation of 1,5‐diaryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles without the involvement of transition metals has been developed. Various fused 1,5‐disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles of triazolophenanthridines were prepared with excellent yields and high site‐selectivity via simple and efficient intramolecular cyclization by using the 1,10‐phenanthroline‐tBuONa reaction system.
U‐shaped development in error‐driven child phonology
Authors: Tessier Anne‐Michelle 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhonological regressions or U‐shaped development have frequently been observed in longitudinal studies of child speech production. However, the typology of which phonological patterns regress, and their implications for learning, have not been given much attention in the recent literature on constraint‐based phonological development. One basic question is simply the definition of a phonological regression, as created by the grammar or other mechanisms, which is in turn dependent on the type of grammar and learner assumed. This paper systematically addresses the question of whether or not attested phonological regressions are incompatible with an error‐driven approach to grammatical development, whereby each round of learning is predicted to move the learner closer to the target language. From this perspective, this survey discusses case studies of phonological regression in the literature, grouped according to their ease of explanation under error‐driven learning. Three types are identified and exemplified: regressions which are easily explained with existing error‐driven algorithms for constraint‐reranking; regressions which can also be derived through error‐driven learning by adopting an additional tool (for incorporating child‐specific phonetic experience); and regressions whose error‐driven motivation remains unclear. Another central theme of the survey is the degree of variation and lexical exceptionality among these regression patterns, and the extent to which such variability is captured in the learner's algorithms or grammar. Interim conclusions are provided, and necessary future directions for empirical and theoretical research are discussed.This article is categorized under:
Linguistics > Language Acquisition
Linguistics > Linguistic Theory
Dietary supplementation of Aspergillus oryzae meal and its effect on performance, carcass characteristics, blood variables, and immunity of broiler chickens
Authors: Zahirian Mehdi , Seidavi Alireza , Solka Magdalena , Nosrati Mehran , Corazzin Mirco 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different levels and consumption periods of Aspergillus oryzae meal on performance, carcass characteristics, blood variables, and immunity of broiler chickens. A total of 270 (male and female) Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to 9 treatment groups. Two levels (2 g/kg diet and 4 g/kg diet as-fed) of Aspergillus oryzae meal (AO) and 4 consumption periods of AO (starter, grower, finisher, and entire period) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement were used. Compared with control, AO used during the entire rearing period increased weight gain, reduced relative weight of abdominal fat, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum levels, and increased antibody titers against influenza and Newcastle disease vaccination and sheep red blood cells injection. Few differences in the variables considered were found if AO was added to broiler diets only during specific consumption periods, and between the two supplementation levels of AO. In conclusion, the addition of AO to the broiler diet can have beneficial effects in terms of performance, carcass composition, and health, but these positive effects were mainly reached adding AO for the entire rearing period.
Anal position index; can it predict pelvic organ disorders in adults?
Authors: Alemrajabi Mahdi , Moradi Mohammad , Jahangiri Fariba , Marzbali Fateme 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroduction Anal position index is calculated with a simple formula, which is used to determine the exact position of anus in perineum. This index is currently used only in neonates and infants. Anteriorly displacement of anus is a common cause of chronic constipation. Here we assessed the association between anal position index with patients’ characteristics, chronic constipation, rectum prolapse uterine prolapse, and number of delivery.Material and methods This was a cross-sectional study performed in 2018 on 63 adult admitted to colorectal surgery clinic. Anus-forchuette, coccyx-forchuette and coccyx-scrotum and anal-scrotum were measure by a simple meter tape. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS for Windows, ver. 18) was used for data analysis. Independent Student's t-test, correlation coefficient and ANOVA were used.Results Sixty-three patients within age range of 22–75 years old were recruited. 48 were male (76.2%) and 15 females (23.8%). Twenty-nine (46%) had chronic constipation. The mean ± SD of the index with confidence interval of 95% was 0.5325 ± 0.11861 in males and 0.4510 ± 0.16803 in females. Also the mean of the index was 0.4616 ± 0.14007 in patients with chronic constipation and 0.5570 ± 0.11559 in patients without constipation.Discussion Anal position index can be a prognostic factor to predict chronic constipation and pelvic floor anatomy disturbance in adults as well as pediatrics.
Jejunal stromal tumor and neurofibromatosis
Authors: Kayser Daniela Fonseca Lisboa , Amaral Lígia Nascimento Figueiredo , Andrade Livia Paulucci Cavalcanti , Vasconcelos Fernando Augusto Santos , Campos-Lobato Luiz Felipe de , Figueiredo Juliano Alves 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors, although rare, are the most common primary mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal. They present slow growth and symptoms such as bleeding, abdominal pain or discomfort, and the presence of an abdominal mass. The most affected organs are the stomach and small intestine. Differential diagnoses for gastrointestinal stromal tumor include adenocarcinoma and small intestine lymphoma, metastasis, and carcinoid tumor. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors have been associated with familial syndromes such as type 1 neurofibromatosis, considered a predisposing factor for tumors in the small intestine. This study aimed to report a case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the jejunal region in a patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis, followed-up for two years, who underwent laparoscopic segmental enterectomy and diagnosis determined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis of small intestine gastrointestinal stromal tumor is challenging because of its low incidence, nonspecific symptoms, relative inaccessibility of the small intestine to conventional endoscopic examination, broad spectrum of radiological appearances, and the fact that the nature of the mass is difficult to determine with imaging examinations of the abdomen alone. Thus, the small intestine gastrointestinal stromal tumor may be erroneously diagnosed as pancreatic, gynecological, or mesenteric tumors. The literature does not present many reports on the association of jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor with neurofibromatosis. Understanding the tumoral behavior of small intestine gastrointestinal stromal tumor in this subgroup of patients would allow better follow-up.