bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of graphene materials by electrochemical exfoliation: Recent progress and future potential
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Chaojun , Sui Xiao , Riaz Muhammad Adil , Xu Meiying , Wei Li , Chen Yuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSynthesis of structurally controlled graphene materials is critical for realizing their practical applications. The electrochemical exfoliation of graphite has emerged as a simple method to produce graphene materials. This review examines research progress in the last 5 years, from 2015 to 2019. Graphene material synthesis methods generally have a trade‐off between increasing production yield and achieving better material property control. The synthesis conditions for synthesizing pristine graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and graphene composites are significantly different. Thus, in this review, we first discuss synthesis methods for graphene materials with high C/O ratios from four aspects: graphite electrodes, equipment engineering, electrolytes, and additional reduction methods. Next, we survey synthesis methods for GO and examine how the pretreatment of the graphite electrodes, electrolytes, and operation parameters, such as applied voltages, electrolyte temperatures, and mechanical forces, affect the quality of GO. Further, we summarize electrochemical exfoliation methods used to dope graphene materials, introduce covalent functional groups, incorporate various nanoparticles, and assembly of graphene architectures. For all synthesis methods, we compare the properties of resulting graphene materials such as C/O ratios, lateral size, layer numbers, and quality characterized by Raman spectroscopy. Lastly, we propose our perspectives on further research. We hope this review stimulates more studies to realize the on‐demand production of graphene materials with desired properties using electrochemical exfoliation methods.
Concurrent maturation of visuomotor skills and motion perception in typically‐developing children and adolescents
Authors: Niechwiej‐Szwedo Ewa , Meier Kimberly , Christian Lisa , Nouredanesh Mina , Tung James , Bryden Pamela , Giaschi Deborah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPerceptual and visuomotor skills undergo considerable development from early childhood into adolescence; however, the concurrent maturation of these skills has not yet been examined. This study assessed visuomotor function and motion perception in a cross‐section of 226 typically‐developing children between 4 and 16 years of age. Participants were tested on three tasks hypothesized to engage the dorsal visual stream: threading a bead on a needle, marking dots using a pen, and discriminating form defined by motion contrast. Mature performance was reached between 8 and 12 years, with youngest maturation for kinematic measures for a reach‐to‐grasp task, and oldest maturation for a precision tapping task. Performance on the motion perception task shared no association with motor skills after controlling for age.
Seasonal Toxicity Observed with Amphipods (Eohaustorius estuarius) at Paleta Creek, San Diego Bay, USA
Authors: Hayman Nicholas T. , Rosen Gunther , Colvin Marienne A. , Chadwick Bart D. , Rao Balaji , Athanasiou Dimitrios , Rakowska Magdalena , Drygiannaki Ilektra , Burton G. Allen , Reible Danny D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To assess potential impacts on receiving systems, associated with storm water contaminants, laboratory 10-d amphipod (Eohaustorius estuarius) survival toxicity tests were performed using intact sediment cores collected from Paleta Creek (San Diego Bay, CA, USA) on 5 occasions between 2015 and 2017. The approach included deposition-associated sediment particles collected from sediment traps placed at each of 4 locations during the 2015 to 2016 wet seasons. The bioassays demonstrated wet season toxicity, especially closest to the creek mouth, and greater mortality associated with particles deposited in the wet season compared with dry season samples. Grain size analysis of sediment trap material indicated coarser sediment at the mouth of the creek and finer sediment in the outer depositional areas. Contaminant concentrations of metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and organic compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], and pesticides) were quantified to assess possible causes of toxicity. Contaminant concentrations were determined in the top 5 cm of sediment and porewater (using passive samplers). Whereas metals, PAHs, and PCBs were rarely detected at sufficient concentrations to elicit a response, pyrethroid pesticides were highly correlated with amphipod toxicity. Summing individual pyrethroid constituents using a toxic unit approach suggested that toxicity to E. estuarius could be associated with pyrethroids. This unique test design allowed delineation of spatial and temporal differences in toxicity, suggesting that storm water discharge from Paleta Creek may be the source of seasonal toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;39:229–239. © 2019 SETAC
Melt dripping behavior in the process of flame spread over energized electrical wire at different pressures
Authors: Wang Zhi , Wei Ruichao , He Junjiang , Wang Jian 
Published: October 2019

SummaryMelt dripping of polymer insulation in electrical wires is impacted by some factors, such as ambient pressure and electric current. The motivation of this paper is to investigate and discuss the effect of these factors on melt dripping characteristics in the process of flame spread over electrical wire. The results show that the number of dripping times and dripping frequency generally increase with ambient pressure reduced. No dripping phenomenon occurs when the ambient pressure is below 40 kPa at any electric current or is above 70 kPa without electric current applied. There is a good parabolic correlation between the ambient pressure and dripping frequency. The equilibrium temperature of conductor resulted by electric current increases with electric current. A critical electric current found to divide the temperature rate into two regimes is about 8 A. The dripping period and dripping frequency depend on the electric current. The dripping frequency fits well with electric current using a power‐law function. The numerical data are consistent with the experimental data. Besides, the decrease in dripping frequency is greater with ambient pressure at reduced electric current, whereas at larger electric current, the electric current, rather than the ambient pressure, dominates the increased dripping frequency.
An impact analysis of population growth on energy‐water‐food‐land nexus for ecological sustainable development in Rwanda
Authors: Imasiku Katundu , Ntagwirumugara Etienne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile agricultural activities are a major drain on water resources in Rwanda, its high population growth continually escalates energy–water–food–land nexus pressures. With 13.03 million inhabitants on a 26,336 km2 area which translates to be 495 inhabitants per km2, Rwanda has the second‐highest population density in Africa because of its high annual population growth rate of 2.95%. Access to clean drinking water, energy, and food to meet the demographic needs in Rwanda are fundamental, but this is unlikely to be the case by 2050 due to the anticipated land scarcity. Land stress is endangering energy, water, and food security, and this works against ecological sustainable development. This research analyzed the ecological balance of human activities in Rwanda and how policymakers have increasingly emphasized on energy–water–food nexus sectors separately without integrating land usage and population growth which poses an even more critical situation if left unattended to. The research study recommends the Multi‐Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) method as being appropriate to support the transition toward a sustainable economy because it is used to optimize resources, generate focused decisions, actions, investments, and policies that would combat nexus pressures and promote ecological sustainable development.
Ein Sinnbild für die Gemeinschaft
Authors: Siegmund Britta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRund 150 000 Wahlberechtigte, fast 1700 Kandidierende, mehr als 600 zu vergebende Mandate: Die Wahl der Fachkollegiatinnen und Fachkollegiaten der DFG ist im hiesigen Wissenschaftssystem ein ganz besonderes Unternehmen. Und die Fachkollegien symbolisieren in besonderer Weise die Selbstorganisation der Wissenschaft in Deutschland.
Neue Modelle für System Erde
Authors: Pongratz Julia , Nabel Julia , Naudts Kim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDrei Viertel der eisfreien Landoberfläche werden land‐ und forstwirtschaftlich genutzt. Die Geowissenschaften wollen nun besser verstehen, wie sich die Landnutzung im Wandel direkt und indirekt auf das Klima und den Klimawandel auswirkt.
Histological comparison of three apatitic bone substitutes with different carbonate contents in alveolar bone defects in a beagle mandible with simultaneous implant installation
Authors: Mano Takamitsu , Akita Kazuya , Fukuda Naoyuki , Kamada Kumiko , Kurio Naito , Ishikawa Kunio , Miyamoto Youji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince bone apatite is a carbonate apatite containing carbonate in an apatitic structure, carbonate content may be one of the factors governing the osteoconductivity of apatitic bone substitutes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of carbonate content on the osteoconductivity of apatitic bone substitutes using three commercially available bone substitutes for the reconstruction of alveolar bone defects of a beagle mandible with simultaneous dental implant installation. NEOBONE, Bio‐Oss, and Cytrans that contain 0.1, 5.5, and 12.0 mass% of carbonate, respectively, were used in this study. The amount of newly formed bone in the upper portion of the alveolar bone defect of the beagle's mandible was 0.7, 6.6, and 39.4% at 4 weeks after surgery and 4.7, 39.5, and 75.2% at 12 weeks after surgery for NEOBONE, Bio‐Oss, and Cytrans, respectively. The results indicate that bone‐to‐implant contact ratio was the largest for Cytrans. Additionally, the continuity of the alveolar ridge was restored in the case of Cytrans, whereas the continuity of the alveolar ridge was not sufficient when using NEOBONE and Bio‐Oss. Both Cytrans and Bio‐Oss that have a relatively larger carbonate content in their apatitic structure was resorbed with time. We concluded that carbonate content is one of important factors governing the osteoconductivity of apatitic bone substitutes.
miR‐4709 overexpression facilitates cancer proliferation and invasion via downregulating NR3C2 and is an unfavorable prognosis factor in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yu Miao , Yu Hua‐Long , Li Quan‐Hui , Zhang Li , Chen Yu‐Xin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo date, microRNA‐4709 (miR‐4709) has not been studied in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) on the basis of experiments. In our study, we aimed to investigate the biological roles and clinical significance of miR‐4709 in COAD. The expression difference between miR‐4709 and NR3C2 was measured based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database and cells. Kaplan‐Meier and logrank tests were applied to determine the overall survival (OS) differences according to the miR‐4709 and NR3C2 expression levels. To measure whether the miR‐4709 level was associated with COAD cell growth, migration, and invasion, we respectively conducted 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, wound healing, and transwell assays. A luciferase reporter assay was applied to confirm the relationship between miR‐4709 and its predicted target. High expression of miR‐4709 was found in COAD tissues and cells. The OS rate in the miR‐4709 low expression group was significantly higher than that in the miR‐4709 high expression group. Univariate and multivariate analyses exhibited that miR‐4709 expression was an independent adverse prognostic factor. Exogenous miR‐4709 overexpression promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of LOVO and SW480 cells. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay demonstrated that miR‐4709 directly binds to the 3′‐untranslated region of NR3C2. NR3C2 was lowly expressed in COAD and high expression of NR3C2 had a better prognosis compared with that in the low expression of NR3C2. Correlation analysis showed that there is a close association between the level of expression of NR3C2 and miR‐4709. Accordingly, miR‐4709 may function as an oncogene in COAD and provide a preclinical proof for candidate management to target new miR‐4709‐NR3C2 signaling for COAD therapy.
Fast screening of amine/physical solvent systems and mass transfer studies on efficient aqueous hybrid MEA/Sulfolane solution for postcombustion CO2 capture
Authors: Zou Liangyu , Gao Hongxia , Wu Zeyang , Liang Zhiwu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe addition of a physical solvent to a traditional chemical absorbent has been shown to improve the absorption and desorption performance of the absorbent system. This type of novel absorbent system combining a single physical solvent with an amine solvent is a promising development in the industrial application of CO2 capture.RESULTSHybrid solutions composed of Monoethanolamine (MEA), a physical solvent, and H2O were comprehensively investigated using the rapid solvent screening apparatus and a VLE apparatus. The results show that 30 wt% MEA with 20 wt% Sulfolane and 50 wt% H2O achieved higher rich loading, strong cyclic CO2 capacity and the highest desorption rate over a wide range of CO2 loadings. Also, the mass transfer performance of CO2 absorption into the 30 wt% MEA and 20 wt% Sulfolane solution was investigated in a lab‐scale random packing column. The effects of liquid flow rate, liquid feed temperature, lean CO2 loading, inert gas flow rate and CO2 partial pressure on the mass transfer performance were evaluated in terms of volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient (KGav). Furthermore, a correlation was developed for CO2 absorption into MEA/Sulfolane solution in a random packing column using semi‐empirical models as functions.CONCLUSIONUnlike for amine solution alone, inert gas flow rate is an indispensable operating parameter in the MEA/Sulfolane system. A mass transfer correlation model was established and holds significance in studying the kinetics of CO2 absorption by a mixture of physical and chemical solvents and for the optimal design of Dixon‐ring random packing columns. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Extraction of diclofenac by SiO2‐NH2@Fe3O4 and its determination: Central composite design
Authors: Khesri Hammadi Hanadi , Khodadoust Saeid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared by simple co‐precipitation method in aqueous medium and then subsequently modified with tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3‐aminopropyl triethylenesilane. The properties of the particles were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The SiO2‐NH2@Fe3O4 particles were successfully applied to simultaneously enrich and separate diclofenac from water, urine, and plasma samples. The method, which takes the advantages of both nanoparticle adsorption and magnetic phase separation from the sample solution, could avoid some of the time‐consuming experimental procedures related to the traditional solid phase extraction. The main parameters affecting extraction and desorption efficiency such as pH, amount of SiO2‐NH2@Fe3O4, volume of desorption solvent, and extraction time were screened. The significant variables were optimized by using central composite design. At optimum conditions values of variables set as pH = 4, 10 mg SiO2‐NH2@Fe3O4, 0.5 mL methanol, and 15 min extraction time and then the extracted diclofenac were injected to HPLC for analysis. The linear response (r2 > 0.9992) was obtained in the range of 0.004–15 µg/mL with detection limit 0.0012 µg/mL and extraction recovery was in the range of 92–96% with RSD < 5% (n = 6).
Spatial Use and Survivorship of Translocated Wild‐Caught Texas Horned Lizards
Authors: Miller Kelly J. , Erxleben Devin R. , Rains Nathan D. , Martin James C. , Mathewson Heather A. , Meik Jesse M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), a state threatened species in Texas, USA, appears to be declining throughout much of its distribution. Because of popular interest in restoring lizard populations, we conducted a 3‐year radio‐telemetric study to evaluate the feasibility of reintroducing Texas horned lizards into previously occupied areas with suitable habitat characteristics. We translocated lizards from natural populations in western Texas to the McGillivray and Leona McKie Muse Wildlife Management Area (MWMA) in the Cross Timbers and Prairies of north‐central Texas, an ecoregion that has experienced apparent local extirpations of horned lizards. We translocated lizards after partly restoring a 32.5‐ha portion of the MWMA from ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei)‐honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) woodland to mid‐grass prairie. After a 10‐day acclimation period and soft release, we tracked 57 horned lizards from March 2014 to October 2016 to evaluate daily movements, spatial use, sources of mortality, reproduction, and changes in body condition. Daily movement averages (1.16–174.18 m) and area used by individuals (<0.01–6.81 ha) were similar to those recorded for natural populations, with peaks in movement occurring in May and June. Annual survivorship for individuals (1.1–47.2%) was also similar to that reported from natural populations; however, survivorship declined across the 3 active seasons. Although mortality of translocated lizards was high, body condition remained relatively stable across active seasons, and reproduction occurred each year, indicating that translocation could be a viable option for restoring horned lizard populations to previously occupied parts of their range. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Blue Luminescent Phosphor Sr3Y1−X(BO3)3:XBi3+ for WLED Applications
Authors: Hargunani Sanjay P. , Sonekar Rajkumar P. , Palaspagar Ritesh S. , Patil Pranita , Omanwar Shriniwas K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe polycrystalline powder sample of Bi3+‐activated strontium yttrium borate phosphor Sr3Y1−x(BO3)3:xBi3+ (x = 3, 4, 5 mole%) is prepared by solution combustion technique. Formation of phosphor in the desired crystalline phase is confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction characterization and FTIR, SEM images of the synthesized phosphor show the irregular grains with average particle size 2.5 µm. Luminescence properties of the synthesized phosphor are investigated at room temperature. The excitation spectrum consists of a single broad absorption band from 200 to 370 nm with the prominent excitation peak at 336 nm [1S0 to 3P1 of Bi3+ ions] and weak excitation peak at 254 nm [1S0 to 1P1 of Bi3+ ions]. Strongest emission peak of 492 nm wavelength that is of blue light is observed at 336 nm UV light excitation. Sr3Y1−x(BO3)3:xBi3+ phosphor emits blue light. As Bi3+ is sensitive to the surrounding crystal field environment it shows weak excitation peak at 254 nm, which gives emission at 413 nm. Hence, Sr3Y1−x(BO3)3:xBi3+ is new UV excited blue emitting phosphor useful for UV/blue chip WLEDs.
Thermal Study of PMMA‐LiNO3 Electrolyte
Authors: Sunita More Amit Arvind , Vithya K. , Premalatha M. , Sundaresan Balakrishnan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes comprising PMMA doped with LiNO3 have been prepared by solution casting technique using THF as solvent. To increase the properties of SPE, dispersion of nanoparticles into the polymer network is a challenging and reliable one. In this work, we first report that the nanoparticle TiO2 provided substantial changes, when it is added to the complex of PMMA‐LiNO3 as supported by TG‐DTA technique. In addition, the structural disruption of PMMA‐LiNO3 dispersed with TiO2 has been analyzed by XRD technique. The significance in the present work paves the way for the design of solid electrolytes in electrochemical devices.
Application of Differential Pulse Polarography for Detection of Riboflavin from Pharmaceutical Samples and Vegetables
Authors: Patil Sudhir V. , Kashid Lalasaheb M. , Kolekar Govind B. , Tamhankar Bapu V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRiboflavin (vitamin B2) plays an important role in living processes as a precursor of coenzymes. The core structure of riboflavin with isoalloxazine ring participates in enzyme‐catalyzed electron transfer processes of many important metabolites. Several methodologies have been developed for the determination of riboflavin, but those methods have disadvantages like long analysis time, consumption of a lot of reagents, and expensiveness. Hence, to overcome these problems, the DPP technique is proposed in this study. The DPP method is used for the quantitative analysis of riboflavin. The experimental conditions are optimized to obtain the best characterized peak in terms of peak height with analytical validation of the method. The proposed methods are applied for the analysis of riboflavin in pharmaceutical samples and vegetables. The riboflavin is found to adsorb and undergo irreversible reduction reaction at the working mercury electrode.
Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction Between 2,5‐Diphenyl Oxazole and Triton X‐100 Micelle
Authors: Patil Shilpa R. , Salunkhe Sonali M. , Mahanwar Sunanda T. , Naik Vaibhav M. , Anbhule Prashant V. , Kolekar Govind. B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe interaction between Triton X‐100 (TX‐100) and 2,5‐diphenyl oxazole (2,5‐DPO) has been investigated successfully by fluorescence and UV–vis study. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between donor TX‐100 and acceptor 2,5‐DPO was examined. UV–vis study shows that there is no formation of ground state complex between donor and acceptor pair in solution. The fluorescence emission and energy transfer efficiency has been determined in both premicellar and postmicellar condition. The distances r = 3.23 and 2.79 nm were calculated in premicellar and postmicellar solutions, respectively. The study indicates that energy transfer in postmicellar environment is remarkably higher than that in case of premicellar situation.
Effect of Contact and Collisional Quenching Model on 2‐Bromophenyl Boronic Acid Using Positive Deviation S–V Plots
Authors: Sharma Kalpana , Patil Sanmati S. , Melavanki Raveendra , Muttannavar Venktesh. T. , Patil N. R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe steady state studies of fluorescence quenching of excitation energy of heterocyclic compound namely 2‐bromophenyl boronic acid (2BPBA) by aniline was carried out in 1, 4 dioxane (DX), toluene (TL), methanol (ML), heptane (HP), nonane (NN), butanol (BL), and propanol (PL) solvents with a view to understand the role of quenching mechanism. The quenching process is studied in the selected solvents using steady state method by Stern–Volmer (S–V) plots having upward curvature.
Synthesis and Characterization of (BaSr)PbTiO3 Material Compositions
Authors: Tambe Sukhadeo N. , Kulal Shivaji R. , Kokare Shrikant R. , Salunkhe Dadasaheb J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ferroelectric composition Ba0.8−xSrxPb0.2TiO3 (BSPTx) with x = 0.2–0.4 are synthesized using ceramic route of synthesis. From XRD, it is observed that with an increase in x, the c/a ratio decreases. From the observations of variation of dielectric constant ɛ with temperature, it is revealed that for x = 0.3 and 0.2, the BSPTx shows a relaxor behavior. On the other hand, for all other compositions, the phase transition is a diffused phase transition (DPT). For x = 0.3 and 0.2, the variation of Curie temperature (Tc) with frequency obeys the Vogel–Fulchar relation. The present observations suggest that the BSPTx could be a useful ferroelectric system.