bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Considerations in Liver Transplantation for Biliary Atresia With Situs Inversus
Authors: Takeda Masahiro , Sakamoto Seisuke , Uchida Hajime , Yoshimura Shohei , Shimizu Seiichi , Hirata Yoshihiro , Fukuda Akinari , Schlegel Andrea , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: May 2019

In liver transplantation (LT) for biliary atresia (BA) with situs inversus (SI), the surgical procedure is technically challenging due to multiple anatomical variations. We evaluated the surgical procedures and the outcomes in our patients and in the previously reported patients undergoing LT for BA with SI. Between November 2005 and October 2018, 235 children underwent LT with an overall 10‐year graft survival of 94.7%. Of these, 6 (2.6%) patients received LT for BA with SI. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) was applied in all patients. Vascular anomalies at our center included the absence of the inferior vena cava (IVC; n = 5), a preduodenal portal vein (PV; n = 4), and an aberrant hepatic artery (HA; n = 1). Hepatic vein (HV) outflow obstruction occurred in 1 patient with an absent IVC and necessitated repositioning of the graft immediately after LDLT. PV stenosis occurred in 1 patient with a preduodenal PV at 5 months after LDLT. The overall survival of our patients was 80.0% at 3 years. In the literature, 49 patients with LT for BA with SI were reviewed. The survival rate was 91.8%, and the vascular complications included HV outflow obstruction (2.0%), PV complications (10.2%), and HA thrombosis (4.1%). All PV complications occurred in LDLT patients with a preduodenal PV (5/23; 21.7%). In conclusion, the detailed assessment of the surgical procedures and the systematic literature review demonstrated excellent outcomes after LT for BA with SI. Liver recipients with a preduodenal PV are exposed to a higher risk for vascular complications after a very challenging LT procedure with overall good outcomes.
Reverse‐supercharged, distally based latissimus dorsi flap for lumbar defect: A case report
Authors: Hamada Ryusho , Shinaoka Akira , Watanabe Toshiyuki , Yasui Humiaki , Kimata Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWell‐vascularized tissue is required for successful reconstruction of a soft tissue defect in the lumbar region. There are several options for reconstruction; however, controversy exists regarding the optimal technique. Here, we present a case of a lumbar defect following tumor resection in a 75‐year‐old patient that was repaired using a reverse‐supercharged, distally based latissimus dorsi flap. The defect of size 15 × 12 cm2 was localized to the lumbar region. An 11 × 7 cm2‐sized, distally based latissimus dorsi flap was designed cephalad to the latissimus dorsi muscle. After the flap was tunneled to the defect, vascular insufficiency of the skin flap was observed. Supercharging was subsequently performed by anastomosing the serratus anterior branch in a reverse manner to the lumbar perforator. The diameters of the vessels at the end‐to‐end anastomosis site were 1.0 mm (artery) and 1.2 mm (vein), respectively, and there was slight discrepancy in their calibers. After microvascular anastomosis, the vascular supply of the flap improved, and the flap survived uneventfully, without venous congestion. The patient was discharged 17 days after the surgery, and no recurrence of the tumor was observed at the 2‐year follow‐up. We report a case of successful salvage of a distally based latissimus dorsi flap by the reverse‐supercharge technique based on a serratus anterior branch. This flap might be a suitable alternative for use in the lumbar region in the case of limited availability of reconstructive choices.
Real‐World Clinical Effectiveness of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for Weight Management in Canada
Authors: Wharton Sean , Liu Aiden , Pakseresht Arash , Nørtoft Emil , Haase Christiane L. , Mancini Johanna , Power G. Sarah , Vanderlelie Sarah , Christensen Rebecca A. G. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveReal‐world clinical effectiveness of liraglutide 3.0 mg, in combination with diet and exercise, was investigated 4 and 6 months post initiation. Changes in absolute and percent body weight were examined from baseline.MethodsA cohort of liraglutide 3.0 mg initiators in 2015 and 2016 was identified from six Canadian weight‐management clinics. Post initiation values at 4 and 6 months were compared with baseline values using a paired t test.ResultsThe full cohort consisted of 311 participants, with 210 in the ≥ 4‐month persistence group and 167 in the ≥ 6‐month persistence group. Average baseline BMI was 40.7 kg/m2, and weight was 114.8 kg. There was a significant change in body weight 6 and 4 months after initiation of treatment in persistent subjects (≥ 6‐month: −8.0 kg, P < 0.001; ≥ 4‐month: −7.0 kg, P < 0.001) and All Subjects, regardless of persistence (−7.3 kg; P < 0.001). Percentage change in body weight from baseline was −7.1% in the ≥ 6‐month group and −6.3% in the ≥ 4‐month group, and All Subjects lost 6.5% body weight. Of participants in the ≥ 6‐month group, 64.10% and 34.5% lost ≥ 5% and > 10% body weight, respectively.ConclusionsIn a real‐world setting, liraglutide 3.0 mg, when combined with diet and exercise, was associated with clinically meaningful weight loss.
Polypyrrole‐decorated, milled carbon fibers‐inserted chitin nanofibers/multiwalled carbon nanotubes flexible free‐standing film for supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Ping , Chen Chuchu , Li Dagang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA flexible free‐standing film was fabricated using interconnected chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a conductive substrate, by inserting in milled carbon fibers (MCFs) to increase the number of holes and decorating it with polypyrrole (PPy) to improve the capacitance. The synthesis process for the ChNFs/MWCNTs/MCFs/PPy (CMMP) film was simple and effective, for which the 3D structure of ChNFs/MWCNTs/MCFs (CMM) film was first fabricated through vacuum‐filtration followed by adding PPy on the surface of CMM film via in situ polymerization. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that the CMMP film had a porous structure similar to aerogel, which was caused by the great size difference between ChNFs/MWCNTs and MCFs. Furthermore, the CMMP film had a high specific capacitance of 362 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 in 1 mol L−1 sulfuric acid, excellent cycling stability with a retention of 86.6% after 5000 cycles at 2 A g−1, and good thermal stability with a 77% mass residue at 600°C at the mass ratio of 1:1:0.5:13.38 (Py: 5 mmol). In general, this environmentally‐friendly, simple‐synthesis, high‐performance CMMP film could be widely used in the flexible all‐solid‐state supercapacitor field.
Developmental and transcriptional responses of maize to drought stress under field conditions
Authors: Danilevskaya Olga N. , Yu GongXin , Meng Xin , Xu John , Stephenson Elizabeth , Estrada Stacey , Chilakamarri Sunita , Zastrow‐Hayes Gina , Thatcher Shawn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDrought is a common abiotic stress which significantly limits global crop productivity. Maize is an important staple crop and its yield is determined by successful development of the female inflorescence, the ear. We investigated drought stress responses across several developmental stages of the maize B73 inbred line under field conditions. Drought suppressed plant growth, but had little impact on progression through developmental stages. While ear growth was suppressed by drought, the process of spikelet initiation was not significantly affected. Tassel growth was reduced to a lesser extent compared to the observed reduction in ear growth under stress. Parallel RNA‐seq profiling of leaves, ears, and tassels at several developmental stages revealed tissue‐specific differences in response to drought stress. High temperature fluctuation was an additional environmental factor that also likely influenced gene expression patterns in the field. Drought induced significant transcriptional changes in leaves and ears but only minor changes in the tassel. Additionally, more genes were drought responsive in ears compared to leaves over the course of drought treatment. Genes that control DNA replication, cell cycle, and cell division were significantly down‐regulated in stressed ears, which was consistent with inhibition of ear growth under drought. Inflorescence meristem genes were affected by drought to a lesser degree which was consistent with the minimal impact of drought on spikelet initiation. In contrast, genes that are involved in floret and ovule development were sensitive to stress, which is consistent with the detrimental effect of drought on gynoecium development and kernel set.
Chiral Noble Metal Nanoparticles and Nanostructures
Authors: Karimova Natalia V. , Aikens Christine M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe origins of chirality and chiroptical properties in ligand‐protected gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) are considered herein. Current conceptual models including the chiral core model, dissymmetric field model, and chiral footprint model are described as mechanisms that contribute to the understanding of chirality in these systems. Then, recent studies on thiolate‐stabilized gold NPs, phosphine‐stabilized gold NPs, multi‐ligand‐stabilized silver NPs, and DNA‐stabilized silver NPs are discussed. Insights into the origin of chiroptical properties including reasons for large Cotton effects in circular dichroism spectra are considered using both experimental and theoretical data available. Theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT methods are found to be extremely useful for providing insights into the origin of chirality. The origin of chirality in ligand‐protected gold and silver NPs can be considered to be a complex phenomenon, arising from a combination of the three conceptual models.
Advanced School Progression Relative to Age and Early Family Formation in Mexico
Authors: Caudillo Mónica L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch has documented a negative association between women’s educational attainment and early sexual intercourse, union formation, and pregnancy. However, the implications that school progression relative to age may have for the timing and order of such transitions are poorly understood. In this article, I argue that educational attainment has different implications depending on a student’s progression through school grades relative to her age. Using month of birth and age-at-school-entry policies to estimate the effect of advanced school progression by age, I show that it accelerates the occurrence of family formation and sexual onset among teenage women in Mexico. Focusing on girls aged 15–17 interviewed by a national survey, I find that those who progress through school ahead of their birth cohort have a higher probability of having had sex, been pregnant, and cohabited by the time of interview. I argue that this pattern of behaviors is explained by experiences that lead them to accelerate their transition to adulthood compared with same-age students with fewer completed school grades, such as exposure to relatively older peers in school and completing academic milestones earlier in life. Among girls who got pregnant, those with an advanced school progression by age are more likely to engage in drug use, alcohol consumption, and smoking before conception; more likely to have pregnancy-related health complications; and less likely to attend prenatal care visits. Thus, an advanced school progression by age has substantial implications for the health and well-being of young women, with potential intergenerational consequences.
U–Pb zircon age dating of diamond-bearing gneiss from Fjørtoft reveals repeated burial of the Baltoscandian margin during the Caledonian Orogeny
Authors: Walczak Katarzyna , Cuthbert Simon , Kooijman Ellen , Majka Jarosław , Smit Matthijs A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe first find of microdiamond in the Nordøyane ultra-high-pressure (UHP) domain of the Western Gneiss Region (WGR) of the Scandinavian Caledonides reshaped tectonic models for the region. Nevertheless, in spite of much progress regarding the meaning and significance of this find, the history of rock that the diamonds were found in is complex and still largely ambiguous. To investigate this, we report U–Pb zircon ages obtained from the exact crushed sample material in which metamorphic diamond was first found. The grains exhibit complicated internal zoning with distinct detrital cores overgrown by metamorphic rims. The cores yielded a range of ages from the Archaean to the late Neoproterozoic / early Cambrian. This detrital zircon age spectrum is broadly similar to detrital signatures recorded by metasedimentary rocks of the Lower and Middle allochthons elsewhere within the orogen. Thus, our dating results support the previously proposed affinity of the studied gneiss to the Seve–Blåhø Nappe of the Middle Allochthon. Metamorphic rims yielded a well-defined peak at 447 ± 2 Ma and a broad population that ranges between c. 437 and 423 Ma. The data reveal a prolonged metamorphic history of the Fjørtoft gneiss that is far more complex then would be expected for a UHP rock that has seen a single burial and exhumation cycle. The data are consistent with a model involving multiple such cycles, which would provide renewed support for the dunk tectonics model that has been postulated for the region.
Morphometric analysis of active normal faulting in slow-deformation areas : examples in the Lower Rhine Embayment
Authors: Camelbeeck T. , Martin H. , Vanneste K. , Verbeeck K. , Meghraoui M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe studied the applicability of classical scarp degradation modelling to active normal faults in the Lower Rhine Embayment. Our quantitative analysis was conducted on the frontal Bree fault scarp (Feldbiss fault) in Belgium and the Peel fault scarp near the city of Neer in the Netherlands. Vertical offset and diffusion age of these scarps have been modelled from elevation profiles across the studied faults using the diffusion equation. For that purpose, a computer-program (profil 2000) has been written, providing a sensitivity analysis of the determined parameters in function of the spatial repartition of the elevation measurements along the considered profiles. The results of this morphometric analysis have been validated by a comparison with the geologic record of the tectonic activity observed in the trenches excavated at the sites where the measurements have been conducted.We conclude that the modelling can only be applied to study tectonic activity since the Last Glacial Maximum (±14-19 kyr BP) because the surface expression of older paleoearthquakes in unconsolidated Late Pleistocene sediments has been erased by the strong erosive phase that occurred at the end of this glacial period. Even for Holocene scarps, morphologic dating seems very difficult because man-made perturbations destroyed surface evidence of the very recent fault activity in many sites. Nevertheless, we estimate that an appropriate value for the mass diffusivity constant for~ 1-m-high scarps in the investigated region is 0.002 to 0.010 m2/yr. On the other hand, vertical offsets can be determined with a good precision. These amount to respectively ~1 m and 1,3 m since the Last Glacial Maximum on the Feldbiss fault in Belgium and the Peel fault near Roermond in the Netherlands.
The Deposition History of the Coversands along the Bree Fault Escarpment, NE Belgium
Authors: Frechen M. , Vanneste K. , Verbeeck K. , Paulissen E. , Camelbeeck T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe coversands along the Bree fault escarpment, NE Belgium, were investigated by a combined dating approach including infrared optically stimulated luminescence (IRSL), thermoluminescence (TL) and radiocarbon methods. Four trenches were excavated cutting the fault scarp near the village of Bree in northeast Belgium. Altogether 17 luminescence samples and seven radiocarbon samples were investigated in order to set up a more reliable and precise chronological frame for the local coversand stratigraphy and the timing of Late Quaternary earthquake events. The chronological results indicate at least five accumulation periods for the coversand units in the area of interest. The oldest coversands were deposited during Saalian or Early Weichselian followed by coversands deposited during the Early and/or Middle Weichselian. At least three coversand units can be distinguished for the time span of the Late Weichselian to Holocene. Significant TL age underestimation of more than 20% compared to IRSL was found for samples from Trench 4. Most of the IRSL age estimates are in agreement with radiocarbon dates from the same section.
Preliminary geologic, geomorphologic and geophysical studies for the paleoseismological analysis of the Amer fault (NE Spain)
Authors: Fleta J. , Santanach P. , Goula X. , Martínez P. , Grellet B. , Masana E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Amer fault is a 30 km long normal fault, which generated the damaging earthquakes of March and May 1427. Triangular facets, wine glass drainage basins, alluvial fans and scarps along the Amer fault mountain front provide evidence of its recent activity. Topographic profiling, electrical logging, tomographic and high-resolution seismic profiling along the northern segment of the Amer fault showed the following: i) no evidence of surface deformation in recent deposits; ii) fault scarps produced by the Amer fault located only on old alluvial fans, probably Pleistocene in age, and iii) Amer fault related deformation reaching upper Quaternary levels, but not the uppermost horizons. The high sedimentation rate (nearly one order of magnitude greater than the fault slip rate) due to the filling of the lake, which resulted from the damming of the Fluvià river by the Bosc de Tosca lava flow (17,000 yr BP), can account for the absence of surface deformation on Holocene sediments.
Seismic hazard analysis results for the Lower Rhine Graben and the importance of paleoseismic data
Authors: Atakan K. , Ojeda A. , Camelbeeck T. , Meghraoui M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeismic hazard in low seismicity areas of Europe has traditionally been considered insignificant. However, in the light of the recently conducted paleoseismic studies along the Rhine Graben, a revision is required. Previously applied standard probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) methods, using Poissonian approach for the earthquake occurrence, can now be substituted by renewal models where fault parameters such as the maximum magnitude, recurrence interval and the elapsed time since the last occurrence of a large earthquake, can be utilized. In this study, the application and the influence of the available paleoseismic data in the Lower Rhine Graben to seismic hazard analysis is demonstrated. The resulting hazard maps, when compared to the standard PSHA using Poissonian approach, indicate a more precise geographical distribution of the estimated seismic hazard levels. The influence of the paleoseismic data seem to be less important for return periods less than a 1000 years. Among the different input models, the highest values reach to 170 cm/sec2for a 1000 year return period using a combination of Poissonian and renewal models.
“Brāhmaṇa” as an honorific in “Indianized” mainland Southeast Asia: a linguistic approach
Authors: Pain Frédéric 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article aims at demonstrating that the Old Khmerb/vraḥoriginates from a syllabic depletion of the Sanskrit wordbrāhmaṇathrough a monosyllabization process, a widespread diachronic phenomenon among the Mon-Khmer languages of Mainland Southeast Asia. The paper will also show that this term must have been originally used as an honorific for deities and, consequently, for royalty. It therefore respectfully disagrees with two other current hypotheses according to whichb/vraḥwould be an autochthonous Mon-Khmer word or would originate in the Sanskrit/Pali wordvara-“excellent, splendid, noble”. After being borrowed from Sanskrit, the Old Khmerbraḥspread via a contact phenomenon: from Old Khmer to Old Siamese, from Old Siamese to Old Shan through the “Thai Continuum”, and from Old Shan to Old Burmese. The implications of this paper are twofold: firstly, it will sketch out a pattern for the historical relationships between different peoples of Mainland Southeast Asia; then, it will propose a first phase of Indianization in Southeast Asia, namely a local reconnotation of Indo-Aryan terms according to autochthonous socio-political contingencies, and consequently bring a draft answer to the “Woltersian” question: what is the local connotation of Indo-Aryan terms?
Proportion of Hospital Deaths Potentially Attributable to Nosocomial Infection
Authors: García-Martín Miguel , Lardelli-Claret Pablo , Jiménez-Moleón José Juan , Bueno-Cavanillas Aurora , Luna-del-Castillo Juan de Dios , Gálvez-Vargas Ramón 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:To determine the fraction of hospital deaths potentially associated with nosocomial infection (NI).Design:A matched (1:1) case-control study.Setting:An 800-bed, tertiary-care, teaching hospital.Patients:All patients older than 14 years who were admitted to the hospital between January 1, 1990, and January 1, 1991, were eligible. All 524 consecutive deaths that occurred in the hospital comprised the case group. For each case, a control patient was matched for primary admission diagnosis and admission date.Outcome Measures:The proportion of hospital deaths potentially associated with NI was estimated from the population attributable risk (PAR) adjusted for age, gender, service, severity of illness, length of stay, and quality of the medical record.Results:For stays longer than 48 hours, the PAR for all NIs was estimated to be 21.3% (95% confidence interval [CI95], 16.8%-30.5%). The greatest proportion of deaths potentially associated with NIs was observed in patients with only one infection (PAR, 15.0%; CI96, 10.9%-22.6%) and bacteremia or sepsis (PAR, 7.7%;CI95,4.6%-11.6%).Conclusions:NIs are associated with a large proportion of intrahospital deaths. This information may help clinicians and healthcare managers to assess the impact of programs for the prevention and control of NIs on intrahospital death.