bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Gravitational Collapse in the Accreting Neutron Stars of Binary-driven Hypernovae
Authors: Becerra L. M. , Cipolletta F. , Fryer C. L. , Menezes Débora P. , Providência Constança , Rueda J. A. , Ruffini R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The binary-driven hypernova (BdHN) model proposes long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) originate in binaries composed of a carbon–oxygen (CO) star and a neutron star (NS) companion. The CO core collapse generates a newborn NS and a supernova that triggers the GRB by accreting onto the NSs, rapidly transferring mass and angular momentum to them. This article aims to determine the conditions under which a black hole (BH) forms from NS collapse induced by the accretion and the impact on the GRB’s observational properties and taxonomy. We perform three-dimensional, smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of BdHNe using up-to-date NS nuclear equations of state, with and without hyperons, and calculate the structure evolution in full general relativity. We assess the binary parameters leading either NS in the binary to the critical mass for gravitational collapse into a BH and its occurrence time, t
col. We include a nonzero angular momentum of the NSs and find that t
col ranges from a few tens of seconds to hours for decreasing NS initial angular momentum values. BdHNe I are the most compact (about 5 minute orbital period), promptly form a BH, and release ≳1052 erg of energy. They form NS–BH binaries with tens of kiloyears merger timescales by gravitational-wave emission. BdHNe II and III do not form BHs, and release ∼1050–1052 erg and ≲1050 erg of energy, respectively. They form NS–NS binaries with a range of merger timescales larger than for NS–BH binaries. In some compact BdHNe II, either NS can become supramassive, i.e., above the critical mass of a nonrotating NS. Magnetic braking by a 1013 G field can delay BH formation, leading to BH–BH or NS–BH with tens of kiloyears merger timescales.
Characterization of Small Flux Ropes Using Juno Spacecraft Cruise-phase Data
Authors: Banu Sahanaj A. , Winslow Réka M. , Scolini Camilla , Davies Emma E. , Farrugia Charles J. , Murphy Amy K. , Lugaz Noé , Al-Haddad Nada 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we utilize magnetic field data from the Juno mission’s cruise phase to visually identify and analyze 338 interplanetary small flux ropes (SFRs) across a heliocentric distance range of 1–5.5 au. The events are uniformly distributed across heliocentric distances, showing no clear trend. Through superposed epoch analysis, we find that the average SFR magnetic field profiles are symmetric and show little variation across the observed heliocentric distances. Additionally, we observe a slight increasing trend in the mean duration of SFRs, indicating minimal expansion during propagation. Furthermore, we determine that the SFR mean magnetic field dependence on distance is best fit by two separate power laws, exhibiting a steeper decay from 1 to ∼2.1 au and a shallower decay from ∼2.1 to 5.5 au. Near 1 au, the statistical decay rate of the mean magnetic field magnitude of SFRs is slightly higher than that of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), suggesting that SFRs may become indistinguishable from the IMF over time. This finding implies that SFRs detected at greater radial distances are possibly generated in situ as opposed to near the Sun. However, only ∼26% of the total population of SFRs in our catalog occurs within 1 day from the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), indicating a very limited association between the occurrence of the majority of SFRs and the presence of the HCS. These results raise questions about the origin of SFRs detected at larger distances, encouraging further exploration for alternatives to the conventional generation mechanisms.
Constraining the Diffusion Coefficient and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration Efficiency Using Gamma-Ray Emission from the Star-forming Region RCW 38
Authors: Pandey Paarmita , Lopez Laura A. , Rosen Anna L. , Thompson Todd A. , Linden Tim , Blackstone Ian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Stellar winds from massive stars may be significant sources of cosmic rays (CRs). To investigate this connection, we report a detailed study of gamma-ray emission near the young Milky Way star cluster (≈0.5 Myr old) in the star-forming region RCW 38 and compare this emission to its stellar wind properties and diffuse X-ray emission. Using 15 yr of Fermi-LAT data in the 0.2–300 GeV band, we find a significant (σ > 22) detection coincident with the star cluster, producing a total gamma-ray luminosity (extrapolated over 0.1–500 GeV) of L

γ
=(2.66 ± 0.92) × 1034 erg s−1 adopting a power-law spectral model (Γ = 2.34 ± 0.04). Using an empirical relationship and STARBURST99, we estimate the total wind power to be 8 × 1036 erg s−1, corresponding to a CR acceleration efficiency of η
CR ≃ 0.4 for an assumed diffusion coefficient consistent with D = 1028 cm2 s−1. Alternatively, a lower acceleration efficiency of 0.1 can produce this L

γ
if the diffusion coefficient is smaller, D ≃ 2.5 × 1027 cm2 s−1. Additionally, we analyze Chandra X-ray data from the region and compare the hot-gas pressure to the CR pressure. We find the former is 4 orders of magnitude greater, suggesting that the CR pressure is not dynamically important relative to stellar winds. As RCW 38 is too young for supernovae to have occurred, the high CR acceleration efficiency in RCW 38 demonstrates that stellar winds may be an important source of Galactic CRs.
Investigating the Kinematics of Central and Satellite Galaxies Using Normalizing Flows
Authors: Kwon K. J. , Hahn ChangHoon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Galaxy clustering contains information on cosmology, galaxy evolution, and the relationship between galaxies and their dark matter hosts. On small scales, the detailed kinematics of galaxies within their host halos determines the galaxy clustering. In this paper, we investigate the dependence of the central and satellite galaxy kinematics on
θ
, the intrinsic host halo properties (mass, spin, concentration), cosmology (Ωm, σ
8), and baryonic feedback from active galactic nuclei and supernovae (A
AGN1, A
AGN2, A
SN1, A
SN2). We utilize 2000 hydrodynamic simulations in CAMELS run using IllustrisTNG and SIMBA galaxy formation models. Focusing on central and satellite galaxies with M
* > 109
M
⊙, we apply neural density estimation (NDE) with normalizing flows to estimate their p(Δr ∣
θ
) and p(Δv ∣
θ
), where Δr and Δv are the magnitudes of the halocentric spatial and velocity offsets. With NDE, we accurately capture the dependence of galaxy kinematics on each component of
θ
. For central galaxies, we identify significant spatial and velocity biases dependent on halo mass, concentration, and spin. For satellite distributions, we find significant deviations from a Navarro–Frenk–White profile and evidence that they consist of distinct orbiting and infalling populations. However, we find no strong dependence on
θ
besides a weak dependence on host halo spin. For both central and satellite galaxies, there is no notable dependence on cosmological parameters and baryonic feedback. These results provide key insights for improving the current halo occupation distribution (HOD) models. This work is the first in a series that will reexamine and develop HOD frameworks for improved modeling of galaxy clustering at smaller scales.
Evidence for Abiotic Dimethyl Sulfide in Cometary Matter
Authors: Hänni Nora , Altwegg Kathrin , Combi Michael , Fuselier Stephen A. , De Keyser Johan , Ligterink Niels F. W. , Rubin Martin , Wampfler Susanne F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Technological progress related to astronomical observatories such as the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) allows searching for signs of life beyond our solar system, namely, in the form of unambiguous biosignature gases in exoplanetary atmospheres. The tentative assignment of a 1σ–2.4σ spectral feature observed with JWST in the atmosphere of exoplanet K2-18b to the biosignature gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS; sum formula C2H6S) raised hopes that, although controversial, a second genesis had been found. Terrestrial atmospheric DMS is exclusively stemming from marine biological activity, and no natural abiotic source has been identified—neither on Earth nor in space. Therefore, DMS is considered a robust biosignature. Since comets possess a pristine inventory of complex organic molecules of abiotic origin, we have searched high-resolution mass spectra collected at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, target of the European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission, for the signatures of DMS. Previous work reported the presence of a C2H6S signal when the comet was near its equinox, but distinction of DMS from its structural isomer ethanethiol remained elusive. Here we reassess these and evaluate additional data. Based on differences in the electron ionization-induced fragmentation pattern of the two isomers, we show that DMS is significantly better compatible with the observations. Deviations between expected and observed signal intensities for DMS are <1σ, while for ethanethiol they are 2σ–4σ. The local abundance of DMS relative to methanol deduced from these data is (0.13 ± 0.04)%. Our results provide the first evidence for the existence of an abiotic synthetic pathway to DMS in pristine cometary matter and hence motivate more detailed studies of the sulfur chemistry in such matter and its analogs. Future studies need to investigate whether or not the present inference of cometary DMS could provide an abiotic source of DMS in a planetary atmosphere.
Using Polar Faculae to Determine the Sun’s High-latitude Rotation Rate. I. Techniques and Initial Measurements
Authors: Sheeley Neil R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper describes a new way of determining the high-latitude solar rotation rate statistically from simultaneous observations of many polar faculae. In this experiment, I extracted frames from a movie made previously from flat-fielded images obtained in the 6767 Å continuum during 1997–1998 February and used those frames to construct spacetime maps from high-latitude slices of the favorably oriented south polar cap. These maps show an array of slanted tracks whose average slope indicates the east–west speed of faculae at that latitude, λ

s
. When the slopes are measured and plotted as a function of latitude, they show relatively little scatter ∼ 0.01–02 km s−1 from a straight line whose zero-speed extension passes through the Sun’s south pole. This means that the speed, v(λ

s
), and the latitudinal radius,

R

⊙

cos

λ

s

, approach 0 at the same rate, so that their ratio gives a nearly constant synodic rotation rate ∼8.°6 day−1 surrounding the Sun’s south pole. A few measurements of the unfavorably oriented north polar cap are consistent with these measurements near the south pole.
Study on the Temporal Evolution of the Radial Differential Rotation of Solar Corona Using Radio Emissions
Authors: Xiang N. B. , Zhao X. H. , Deng L. H. , Li F. Y. , Wang Y. J. , Tan X. W. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The daily measurements of the disk-integrated solar radio flux, observed by the Radio Solar Telescope Network, at 245, 410, 610, 1415, 2695, 4995, and 8800 MHz during the time interval of 1989 January 1 to 2019 December 17, are used to investigate the temporal evolution of radial differential rotation of the solar corona using the methods of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and wavelet analysis. Overall, the results reveal that over the 30 yr period, the rotation rates for the observed solar radio flux within the frequency range of 245–8800 MHz show an increase with frequency. This verifies the existence of the radial differential rotation of the solar corona over long timescales of nearly three solar cycles. Based on the radio emission mechanism, to some extent, the results can also serve as an indicator of how the rotation of the solar upper atmosphere varies with altitude within a specific range. From the temporal variation of rotation cycle lengths of radio flux, the coronal rotation at different altitudes from the low corona to approximately 1.3 R
⊙ exhibits complex temporal variations with the progression of the solar cycle. However, in this altitude range, over the past 30 yr from 1989 to 2019, the coronal rotation consistently becomes gradually slower as the altitude increases. Finally, the EEMD method can extract rotation cycle signals from these highly randomized radio emissions, and so it can be used to investigate the rotation periods for the radio emissions at higher or lower frequencies.
Ultra-long-period Cepheids as Standard Candles from Gaia to Rubin-LSST
Authors: Musella Ilaria , Leccia S. , Molinaro R. , Marconi M. , Cusano F. , Di Criscienzo M. , Fiorentino G. , Braga V. , Ripepi V. , De Somma G. , Gatto M. , Luongo E. , Sicignano T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An analysis of the properties of ultra-long-period Cepheids (ULPs) could significantly contribute to understanding the Hubble constant tension, e.g., the current discrepancy between determinations based on local distance indicators and those relying on cosmic microwave background measurements. These highly luminous variables are observable beyond 100 Mpc, so if they were confirmed to behave as standard candles, they would allow us a direct measurement of cosmological distances without any secondary distance indicator, thus reducing potential systematic errors in the calibration of the cosmic distance scale. This paper presents an analysis of the largest known sample of 73 ULPs, including 15 objects in nearby galaxies, with new accurate and homogeneous photometry obtained by Gaia DR3, and a new object, in our Galaxy, identified as a long-period variable in Gaia DR3, but recently reclassified as a ULP. The obtained results suggest that, by improving photometric accuracy, the ULP period–Wesenheit relation shows a smaller dispersion than that obtained in literature and is in better agreement with the classical Cepheid (CC) one, supporting the hypothesis that ULPs are the extension of the CCs at higher period, mass, and luminosity. However, to reach this aim, it is necessary to enrich the sample with high-quality data. The Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (Rubin-LSST) survey offers the possibility to achieve this thanks to its photometric characteristics and time extension. In particular, we will explore the capabilities of the Rubin-LSST survey to recover ULP theoretical light curves by using a new tool called PulsationStarRecovery, built by our group for this type of analysis.
El ocaso del Teatro del Mundo barroco. La mascarada de la Real Fábrica de Tabacos de Sevilla en la proclamación de Fernando VI
Authors: Ollero Lobato Francisco 
Published: November 2024

Este estudio profundiza en la nueva comprensión de la metáfora del Teatro del Mundo que se va imponiendo en el siglo XVIII, cuando se abandona el sentido del desengaño barroco por la exposición de los descubrimientos geográficos y la actividad del hombre sobre el territorio. Se relaciona este topo con el propósito de la celebración pública de la época, en particular con la exaltación del monarca y su capacidad para crear el orden en un mundo abreviado. Con esas premisas, el artículo aborda el estudio de una fiesta en particular, la extraordinaria mascarada organizada por la Real Fábrica de Tabacos en Sevilla con motivo de la proclamación de Fernando VI, donde se observa la pervivencia de la cultura emblemática pero también la presencia de temas ilustrados y la analogía del espectáculo festivo con las nacientes disciplinas científicas.
Salaires et emploi des femmes, comparés à ceux des hommes : discrimination raciale et sexuelle dans l’enquête Génération 2017
Authors: Argan Damiano , Gary-Bobo Robert , Lacour Xavier 
Published: November 2024

En nous appuyant sur l’interrogation à trois ans de l’enquête Génération 2017 du Céreq, nous étudions les salaires et l’emploi des femmes et les comparons à la situation des hommes. Les résultats montrent la persistance, en 2020, d’une discrimination modérée, défavorable aux femmes sur le marché du travail français. La décote salariale varie suivant le niveau de diplôme, mais montre des salaires inférieurs de 5 à 10 % pour les femmes travaillant à temps plein, à diplôme, expérience et caractéristiques observables égales, sans que cette décote s’accroisse ou se réduise clairement avec le niveau d’éducation. Ces résultats sont comparables aux chiffres récents de l’Insee. Les femmes offrent significativement moins de travail que les hommes, toujours à diplôme égal et à caractéristiques observables égales. On observe que les rendements de l’expérience des femmes sont significativement plus faibles que ceux des hommes, ce qui détermine des carrières plus lentes pour les femmes, ici en début de carrière. Enfin, l’origine nationale joue défavorablement : les origines africaines, maghrébines et asiatiques déterminent des salaires en moyenne plus faibles, mais les femmes souffrent moins – et en tous cas pas plus que les hommes – de cette forme de discrimination.
“The country of his past”: Homecoming in “A Modern Lover” and “The Shades of Spring”
Authors: Cushman Keith 
Published: November 2024

In the two early stories, “A Modern Lover” and “The Shades of Spring,” Lawrence imagines an autobiographical figure returning to his home country to renew connection with the young woman he had loved (a version of Jessie Chambers). The two “homecoming” stories are intriguing add-ons to the Miriam Leivers material in Sons and Lovers. In “A Modern Lover” the returning protagonist is callow and self-centered, but his old sweetheart is still attracted to him. In “The Shades of Spring,” the returning protagonist discovers that his newly self-confident, “very womanly” former sweetheart is having an affair with a young gamekeeper. The differences between the stories and their main characters illuminate Lawrence’s personal and artistic growth between the composition of “A Modern Lover” in 1909 and the final revision of “The Shades of Spring for the Prussian Officer collection in the summer of 1914.
Professional nurses’ perspectives on the implementation of integrated chronic disease management model
Authors: Dagume-Ndou Avhaathu S. , Lumadi Thanyani G. 
Published: November 2024

Background: The integrated chronic disease management (ICDM) model is seen to be a promising strategy as it is gaining global acceptance as an approach to enhance healthcare delivery.Objectives: The study objectives were to explore and describe professional nurses’ perspectives on the model, identify challenges experienced during implementation and identify factors that could improve the model implementation.Method: An explorative, descriptive qualitative design was used, nine professional nurses from three selected facilities were interviewed. Data obtained from semi-structured individual interviews were analysed using thematic analysis and NVivo software.Results: Three main themes emerged: the professional nurses’ perceived benefits of the model, challenges experienced during implementation and recommendations to ensure effective implementation of the model. The perceived benefits of the model included the integration of care, adequate medication and the alleviation of stigma related to diseases. However, the challenges of the model included a shortage of staff, poor infrastructure and patients missing scheduled appointments. The study noted the need for adequate staff, infrastructure and ongoing training for the successful implementation of the model.Conclusion: Despite challenges in the South African healthcare system, professional nurses perceived the implementation of the model positively. The study highlighted the need for adequate staff, adequate infrastructure and ongoing training for staff.Contribution: This study outlined the challenges and recommendations identified, enabling healthcare organisations, policymakers and educators to develop targeted strategies for successful implementation. The findings will also inform future research focussed on optimising the utilisation of the model in the study setting and similar contexts
Income inequality: The effects of public education expenditure and information and communications technology in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Voto Tewa P. , Ngepah Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

Background: As nations globally strive to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10, which underscores the reduction of inequality, there is an increasing need to harness the power of education and information and communications technology (ICT) to achieve this aim. Therefore, this study is motivated by this rationale.Aim: The synergistic effect of government spending on education and ICT on income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in the long run.Setting: Panel data for 30 SSA countries from 1990 to 2022 are used.Method: This research used the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) technique, which provides long-run estimates, to achieve the aim of the article.Results: The FMOLS results reveal that public education expenditure increases income inequality while its squared expenditure reduces it in the long run. However, over time, ICT diminishes inequality. Notably, the combined effect of public education spending and ICT strengthens the effect of public education expenditure on income inequality in SSA in the long term.Conclusion: In summary, with the incorporation of additional control variables in the analyses, it suggests that SSA’s governments, along with policymakers, have the opportunity to achieve income inequality reduction by strategically making use of public education spending and ICT.Contribution: This article adds significant value to the literature by demonstrating the effect of public education spending and ICT on income inequality in SSA (characterised by higher level of income inequality). To mitigate concerns regarding endogeneity, this article uses FMOLS.
Effect of soy protein isolate supplementation on the estradiol biosynthesis pathway in a female rat model
Authors: Abd El-Latif Noha A. , Elfiky Asmaa M. , Abdelmottaleb Moussa Sherif A. , Aziz Samir W. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Soy protein isolate (SPI) has gained popularity as an alternative to animal proteins. Soy consumption may have a link to rising serum estrogen in humans. This concern is attributed to phytoestrogens, specifically isoflavones present in soy protein, acting as estrogen substitutes and modulators.

Objective
The objective of this research was to assess the influence of SPI supplementation on estradiol hormone levels and the expression of genes associated with estrogen synthesis in female rats.

Materials and methods
Female Wistar rats (n=18) were evenly divided into three groups: group 1 (normal control) received oral administration of a saline vehicle. Group 2 (low dose) received 450 mg/kg body weight of SPI for 30 days. Group 3 (high dose) received 900 mg/kg body weight of SPI for 30 days. All administrations were conducted intragastrically.

Results and conclusion
The results of our study indicate that there was a significant increase in the levels of estradiol hormone in groups receiving low and high doses of SPI when compared with the control group. There was an upregulation in the messenger ribonucleic acid expression of the Cyp19 gene in low-dose and high-dose groups. Moreover, the low-dose group showed upregulation in the expression of the HSD3B gene. These genes are involved in the biosynthesis pathway of estrogen hormone in females. Therefore, the use of SPI should be cautious because it contains phytoestrogens (isoflavones), which have structural similarities to endogenous female estrogen and may cause hormonal disturbance in females.