bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents’ Experiences of Isolation in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Vines Emma E. , Fisher Paul , Conniff Harriet , Young Judith 
Published: December 2018

Cystic fibrosis (CF) infectious isolation guidelines and clinical recommendations exist in standards of CF care to reduce the risk of cross-infection between individuals with CF. Chronic infection is associated with deterioration in lung function and increased rates of morbidity and mortality, thus preventing and reducing cross-infection is a concern for individuals with CF. Understanding the bio-psychosocial implications of isolation is vital to developing and providing holistic approaches to CF care. This study aimed to make sense of how adolescents with CF understand and experience infectious isolation during their care. Qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted with 9 adolescents, aged 12 to 19 years old, with a diagnosis of CF who had experienced isolation. Interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Participants experienced difficulty adjusting to living with isolation and attempted to integrate their isolation experiences. Isolation highlighted a sense of threat posed by cross-infection, a threat which participants experienced as originating from others and from themselves to others. Participants described striving to protect themselves and others from this threat. Isolation also appeared to exacerbate differences participants noticed between themselves and others without CF. For adolescents with CF, isolation is not a neutral experience. Adolescents reported difficulty understanding isolation and challenges associated with this experience across settings. Given these difficulties, multidisciplinary teams should increase awareness, understanding and discussion about the psychosocial impact of isolation among those with CF, their families and wider systems, to promote optimal bio-psychosocial outcomes. Future research could explore experiences of isolation from children, family and staff perspectives. Implications for Impact Statement This study suggests that there are psychological and social complexities associated with medical isolation experienced by adolescents with cystic fibrosis as part of their routine care. It highlights experiences of isolation from the perspectives of adolescents’ themselves and suggests the importance of considering the possible psychological and social impact of isolation as part of a multidisciplinary approach to practice.
Paediatric Psychology Network United Kingdom (PPN-UK): From Inception to the Current Day
Authors: Young Judith , O’Curry Sara , Mastroyannopoulou Kiki , Deiros Collado Martha , Gibbins Jonathan , Donnan Janie , Gray Victoria , Griffiths Helen 
Published: December 2018

This topical review aims to provide an overview of how a pediatric psychology network has affected pediatric psychology in the United Kingdom over the past 2 decades. Past and present Paediatric Psychology Network United Kingdom (PPN-UK) committee members reviewed documentation related to the work of the PPN-UK. From early beginnings to the current day, an outline is provided of how a professional network for psychologists working in pediatrics developed in the U.K. With a strategic aim to promote the development of pediatric psychology practice, descriptions are given of how the PPN-UK achieves this through the provision and support of continuing professional development and membership of pediatric psychology special interest groups. For this global special issue, an explanation of the U.K. training route for clinical psychologists is also outlined. Being child and family centered, the PPN-UK promotes the psychological and emotional well-being of children with physical health needs. Examples are provided of how the PPN-UK has influenced pediatric psychology service provision, policy, and practice to promote integrated health care for children and young people by sharing pediatric psychology knowledge and the evidence base. Finally, consideration is given to how the PPN-UK is going beyond national strategic influence to develop international links. The PPN-UK is an established network that has made significant contributions to the profession for the ultimate benefit of children, young people, and their families. Implications for Impact Statement This article describes how the Paediatric Psychology Network United Kingdom formed and grew over the past 20 years. We explain how the network supports the professional development of psychologists who work with children and families in pediatric settings. Being child and family centered, we provide examples of how the network promotes the psychological well-being of children who have physical health needs.
Full-field interferometric imaging of propagating action potentials
Authors: Ling Tong , Boyle Kevin C. , Goetz Georges , Zhou Peng , Quan Yi , Alfonso Felix S. , Huang Tiffany W. , Palanker Daniel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCurrently, cellular action potentials are detected using either electrical recordings or exogenous fluorescent probes that sense the calcium concentration or transmembrane voltage. Ca imaging has a low temporal resolution, while voltage indicators are vulnerable to phototoxicity, photobleaching, and heating. Here, we report full-field interferometric imaging of individual action potentials by detecting movement across the entire cell membrane. Using spike-triggered averaging of movies synchronized with electrical recordings, we demonstrate deformations up to 3 nm (0.9 mrad) during the action potential in spiking HEK-293 cells, with a rise time of 4 ms. The time course of the optically recorded spikes matches the electrical waveforms. Since the shot noise limit of the camera (~2 mrad/pix) precludes detection of the action potential in a single frame, for all-optical spike detection, images are acquired at 50 kHz, and 50 frames are binned into 1 ms steps to achieve a sensitivity of 0.3 mrad in a single pixel. Using a self-reinforcing sensitivity enhancement algorithm based on iteratively expanding the region of interest for spatial averaging, individual spikes can be detected by matching the previously extracted template of the action potential with the optical recording. This allows all-optical full-field imaging of the propagating action potentials without exogeneous labels or electrodes.
Ketamine and selective activation of parvalbumin interneurons inhibit stress-induced dendritic spine elimination
Authors: Ng Lhotse Hei Lui , Huang Yuhua , Han Lei , Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung , Chan Ying Shing , Lai Cora Sau Wan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStress is a major risk factor for the onset of many psychiatric diseases. In rodent models, chronic stress induces depression and impairs excitatory neurotransmission. However, little is known about the effect of stress on synaptic circuitry during the development of behavioral symptoms. Using two-photon transcranial imaging, we studied the effect of repeated restraint stress on dendritic spine plasticity in the frontal cortex in vivo. We found that restraint stress induced dendritic spine loss by decreasing the rate of spine formation and increasing the rate of spine elimination. The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine inhibited stress-induced spine loss mainly by protecting mushroom spines from elimination. Ketamine also induced re-formation of spines in close proximity to previously stress-eliminated spines. Electrophysiological and in vivo imaging experiments showed that ketamine enhanced activity of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons under stress and counterbalanced the stress-induced net loss of PV axonal boutons. In addition, selective chemogenetic excitation of PV interneurons mimicked the protective effects of ketamine on dendritic spines against stress. Collectively, our data provide new insights on the effects of ketamine on synaptic circuitry under stress and a possible mechanism to counteract stress-induced synaptic impairments through PV interneuron activation.
CryoEM reveals how the complement membrane attack complex ruptures lipid bilayers
Authors: Menny Anaïs , Serna Marina , Boyd Courtney M. , Gardner Scott , Joseph Agnel Praveen , Morgan B. Paul , Topf Maya , Brooks Nicholas J. , Bubeck Doryen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe membrane attack complex (MAC) is one of the immune system’s first responders. Complement proteins assemble on target membranes to form pores that lyse pathogens and impact tissue homeostasis of self-cells. How MAC disrupts the membrane barrier remains unclear. Here we use electron cryo-microscopy and flicker spectroscopy to show that MAC interacts with lipid bilayers in two distinct ways. Whereas C6 and C7 associate with the outer leaflet and reduce the energy for membrane bending, C8 and C9 traverse the bilayer increasing membrane rigidity. CryoEM reconstructions reveal plasticity of the MAC pore and demonstrate how C5b6 acts as a platform, directing assembly of a giant β-barrel whose structure is supported by a glycan scaffold. Our work provides a structural basis for understanding how β-pore forming proteins breach the membrane and reveals a mechanism for how MAC kills pathogens and regulates cell functions.
Blood flow-induced Notch activation and endothelial migration enable vascular remodeling in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Weijts Bart , Gutierrez Edgar , Saikin Semion K. , Ablooglu Ararat J. , Traver David , Groisman Alex , Tkachenko Eugene 
Published: December 2018

AbstractArteries and veins are formed independently by different types of endothelial cells (ECs). In vascular remodeling, arteries and veins become connected and some arteries become veins. It is unclear how ECs in transforming vessels change their type and how fates of individual vessels are determined. In embryonic zebrafish trunk, vascular remodeling transforms arterial intersegmental vessels (ISVs) into a functional network of arteries and veins. Here we find that, once an ISV is connected to venous circulation, venous blood flow promotes upstream migration of ECs that results in displacement of arterial ECs by venous ECs, completing the transformation of this ISV into a vein without trans-differentiation of ECs. Arterial blood flow initiated in two neighboring ISVs prevents their transformation into veins by activating Notch signaling in ECs. Together, different responses of ECs to arterial and venous blood flow lead to formation of a balanced network with equal numbers of arteries and veins.
Publisher Correction: Tracing the transitions from pluripotency to germ cell fate with CRISPR screening
Authors: Hackett Jamie A. , Huang Yun , Günesdogan Ufuk , Gretarsson Kristjan A. , Kobayashi Toshihiro , Surani M. Azim 
Published: December 2018

Ufuk Günesdogan was incorrectly associated with Center for Genetic Analysis of Behaviour, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan and Toshihiro Kobayashi was incorrectly associated with Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Human sex reversal is caused by duplication or deletion of core enhancers upstream of SOX9
Authors: Croft Brittany , Ohnesorg Thomas , Hewitt Jacqueline , Bowles Josephine , Quinn Alexander , Tan Jacqueline , Corbin Vincent , Pelosi Emanuele , van den Bergen Jocelyn , Sreenivasan Rajini , Knarston Ingrid , Robevska Gorjana , Vu Dung Chi , Hutson John , Harley Vincent , Ayers Katie , Koopman Peter , Sinclair Andrew 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDisorders of sex development (DSDs) are conditions affecting development of the gonads or genitalia. Variants in two key genes, SRY and its target SOX9, are an established cause of 46,XY DSD, but the genetic basis of many DSDs remains unknown. SRY-mediated SOX9 upregulation in the early gonad is crucial for testis development, yet the regulatory elements underlying this have not been identified in humans. Here, we identified four DSD patients with overlapping duplications or deletions upstream of SOX9. Bioinformatic analysis identified three putative enhancers for SOX9 that responded to different combinations of testis-specific regulators. All three enhancers showed synergistic activity and together drive SOX9 in the testis. This is the first study to identify SOX9 enhancers that, when duplicated or deleted, result in 46,XX or 46,XY sex reversal, respectively. These enhancers provide a hitherto missing link by which SRY activates SOX9 in humans, and establish SOX9 enhancer mutations as a significant cause of DSD.
Probing the energy gap of high-temperature cuprate superconductors by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
Authors: Suzuki Hakuto , Minola Matteo , Lu Yi , Peng Yingying , Fumagalli Roberto , Lefrançois Emilie , Loew Toshinao , Porras Juan , Kummer Kurt , Betto Davide , Ishida Shigeyuki , Eisaki Hiroshi , Hu Cheng , Zhou Xingjiang , Haverkort Maurits W. , Brookes Nicholas B. , Braicovich Lucio , Ghiringhelli Giacomo , Le Tacon Matthieu , Keimer Bernhard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe determination of the symmetry of the energy gap is crucial for research on the microscopic mechanisms of unconventional superconductivity. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that high-resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at the Cu L3 edge can serve as a momentum-resolved, bulk-sensitive probe of the superconducting gap. We studied two optimally doped cuprates Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ and Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ, in which we observe a strongly momentum dependent reduction of the spectral weight upon entering the superconducting state, with a maximum for momenta connecting antinodal regions of the Fermi surface. Based on a comparison with the calculated charge susceptibility and electronic Raman scattering data, we interpret our observation as a renormalization of the non-local charge susceptibility due to the superconducting gap opening. Our data demonstrate the methodological potential of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering as a versatile probe of the energy gap of high-temperature superconductors, including buried interfaces in heterostructures which are inaccessible to angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
Occurrence and diversity of cyanotoxins in Greek lakes
Authors: Christophoridis Christophoros , Zervou Sevasti-Kiriaki , Manolidi Korina , Katsiapi Matina , Moustaka-Gouni Maria , Kaloudis Triantafyllos , Triantis Theodoros M. , Hiskia Anastasia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractToxic cyanobacteria occur in Greek surface water bodies. However, studies on the occurrence of cyanotoxins (CTs) are often limited to mainly microcystins (MCs), with use of screening methods, such as ELISA, that are not conclusive of the chemical structure of the CT variants and can be subject to false positive results. A multi-lake survey in Greece (14 lakes) was conducted in water and biomass, targeted to a wide range of multi-class CTs including MCs, nodularin-R (NOD), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anatoxin-a (ANA-a) and saxitoxins (STXs), using multi-class/variant LC-MS/MS analytical workflows, achieving sensitive detection, definitive identification and accurate quantitation. A wide variety of CTs (CYN, ANA-a, STX, neoSTX, dmMC-RR, MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-HtyR, dm3MC-LR, MC-LR, MC-HilR, MC-WR, MC-LA, MC-LY, MC-LW and MC-LF), were detected, with MCs being the most commonly occurring. In biomass, MC-RR was the most abundant toxin, reaching 754 ng mg−1 dw, followed by MC-LR (458 ng mg−1 dw). CYN and ANA-a were detected for the first time in the biomass of Greek lakes at low concentrations and STXs in lakes Trichonis, Vistonis and Petron. The abundance and diversity of CTs were also evaluated in relation to recreational health risks, in a case study with a proven history of MCs (Lake Kastoria).
A novel Lab-on-Fiber Radiation Dosimeter for Ultra-high Dose Monitoring
Authors: Quero Giuseppe , Vaiano Patrizio , Fienga Francesco , Giaquinto Martino , Di Meo Valentina , Gorine Georgi , Casolaro Pierluigi , Campajola Luigi , Breglio Giovanni , Crescitelli Alessio , Esposito Emanuela , Ricciardi Armando , Cutolo Antonello , Ravotti Federico , Buontempo Salvatore , Consales Marco , Cusano Andrea 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work, we report on the first demonstration of Lab on Fiber (LOF) dosimeter for ionizing radiation monitoring at ultra-high doses. The new dosimeter consists in a metallo-dielectric resonator at sub-wavelength scale supporting localized surface plasmon resonances realized on the optical fiber (OF) tip. The resonating structure involves two gold gratings separated by a templated dielectric layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Two LOF prototypes have been manufactured and exposed at the IRRAD Proton Facility at CERN in Geneva to 23 GeV protons for a total fluence of 0.67 × 1016 protons/cm2, corresponding to an absorbed dose of 1.8 MGy. Experimental data demonstrated the “radiation resistance” feature of the LOF devices and a clear dependence of the reflected spectrum versus the total dose, expressed by a cumulative blue-shift of ~1.4 nm of the resonance combined with a slight increase of 0.16 dBm in the reflected spectrum. The numerical analysis carried out to correlate the experimental results with the dimensional and physical properties of the resonator, expected to be tightly connected to the absorbed dose, suggests that the main phenomenon induced by exposure to proton beam and able to explain the measured spectral behavior is the reduction of the PMMA thickness, which is also consistent with past literature in the field. Preliminary results demonstrated the potentiality of the proposed platform as dosimeter at MGy dose levels for high energy physics experiments.
Niche Partitioning in Theropod Dinosaurs: Diet and Habitat Preference in Predators from the Uppermost Cedar Mountain Formation (Utah, U.S.A.)
Authors: Frederickson J. A. , Engel M. H. , Cifelli R. L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe explore hypothetical ecologies to explain diversity among predatory dinosaurs in North America’s medial Cretaceous, based on occurrence, tooth morphology, and stable isotope analysis. The Mussentuchit local fauna, Utah, USA, is among the best-known terrestrial vertebrate assemblages from the Cretaceous. Study samples include teeth from six microvertebrate sites, ranging in depositional setting from distal floodplain to channel lags. We recognize four theropod morphotypes: a comparatively large theropod (morph 1), a medium-sized dromaeosaurid (morph 2), a small dromaeosaurid (morph 3), and a tooth-morph similar to the genus Richardoestesia (morph 4). These four morphotypes vary significantly in mean size, from 15.1 mm in the largest theropod to 3.7 mm in Richardoestesia. Further, tooth representation from two of the best-sampled microsites (representing a channel/splay and floodplain deposit) show differing patterns of abundances with morphs 1 and 3 having roughly the same abundance in both sites, while morph 2 was more abundant in the floodplain setting and morph 4 was more abundant in the channel/splay. Stable isotope analysis (δ13C; δ18O) of tooth carbonate from the theropod morphotypes, goniopholidid crocodilians, and matrix (to test for diagenesis) from these sites were also analyzed. The theropods show modest differences in δ13C values between each other, with carbonate from the teeth of morphs 1, 3, and 4 being enriched in 13C for the channel/splay relative to the floodplain environments, possibly indicative of dietary plasticity in these species. We hypothesize that these data indicate that the Mussentuchit theropods had different niches within the predator guild, suggesting plausible means by which ecospace was divided among the predatory dinosaurs of the Mussentuchit local fauna.
DEBIO 1143, an IAP inhibitor, reverses carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells and triggers apoptotic or necroptotic cell death
Authors: Thibault Benoît , Genre Ludivine , Le Naour Augustin , Broca Clothilde , Mery Eliane , Vuagniaux Grégoire , Delord Jean Pierre , Wiedemann Norbert , Couderc Bettina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe poor prognosis of ovarian cancer (it is the leading cause of death from gynecological cancers) is mainly due to the acquisition of resistance to carboplatin. Among the possible resistance pathways, resistance to apoptosis and especially the overexpression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) cIAP1 and X-linked IAP (XIAP), have been implicated. DEBIO 1143, a SMAC (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase) mimetic, belongs to a new class of targeted agents currently being evaluated in clinical trials, which activate apoptotic cell death and block pro-survival signaling in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that DEBIO 1143 in vitro inhibits the cell viability of two carboplatin-sensitive cell lines (IGROV-1 and A2780S) as well as three carboplatin-resistant cell lines (A2780R, SKOV-3 and EFO-21). Of note, DEBIO 1143 is able to reverse resistance to carboplatin by inducing cell death either by apoptosis or necroptosis depending on the cell lines. To identify a biomarker able to predict the sensitivity of the cell lines to DEBIO 1143 treatment we analyzed the expression of the DEBIO 1143 targets cIAP1 and XIAP, and one of their downstream targets, caspase 9. These proteins did not constitute a marker of DEBIO 1143 sensitivity/resistance. Importantly, we confirmed these findings in vivo in SKOV-3 xenograft models where DEBIO 1143 highly potentiated carboplatin treatment.
Distinct patterns of transcriptional and epigenetic alterations characterize acute and chronic kidney injury
Authors: Sharifian Roya , Okamura Daryl M. , Denisenko Oleg , Zager Richard A. , Johnson Ali , Gharib Sina A. , Bomsztyk Karol 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are considered early and late phases of a pathologic continuum of interconnected disease states. Although changes in gene expression patterns have recently been elucidated for the transition of AKI to CKD, the epigenetic regulation of key kidney injury related genes remains poorly understood. We used multiplex RT-qPCR, ChIP-qPCR and integrative analysis to compare transcriptional and epigenetic changes at renal disease-associated genes across mouse AKI and CKD models. These studies showed that: (i) there are subsets of genes with distinct transcriptional and epigenetically profiles shared by AKI and CKD but also subsets that are specific to either the early or late stages of renal injury; (ii) differences in expression of a small number of genes is sufficient to distinguish AKI from CKD; (iii) transcription plays a key role in the upregulation of both AKI and CKD genes while post-transcriptional regulation appears to play a more significant role in decreased expression of both AKI and CKD genes; and (iv) subsets of transcriptionally upregulated genes share epigenetic similarities while downregulated genes do not. Collectively, our study suggests that identified common transcriptional and epigenetic profiles of kidney injury loci could be exploited for therapeutic targeting in AKI and CKD.