bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensity‐dependent effects of aerobic training on pressure pain threshold in overweight men: A randomized trial
Authors: Hakansson S. , Jones M.D. , Ristov M. , Marcos L. , Clark T. , Ram A. , Morey R. , Franklin A. , McCarthy C. , Carli L.D. , Ward R. , Keech A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the chronic and acute effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) on pressure pain thresholds (PPT) in overweight men.MethodsTwenty‐eight participants performed stationary cycling exercise three times per week for 6 weeks. Participants were randomly allocated to HIIT (10 × 1‐min intervals at 90% peak heart rate) or MICT (30 min at 65–75% peak heart rate). PPTs were assessed over the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior and upper trapezius before and after the 6‐week training programme (chronic effect) as well as before and after the first, middle and final exercise sessions (acute effect).ResultsFor chronic exercise, PPTs increased more after MICT compared to HIIT over the rectus femoris (p = 0.009, effect size r = 0.54) and tibialis anterior (p = 0.012, r = 0.54), but not the trapezius (p = 0.399, r = 0.29). The effect of acute exercise on PPT was more varied and ranged from moderate hypoalgesia to moderate hyperalgesia. Overall, however, there was no consistent change in PPT after acute exercise for HIIT or MICT (p ≥ 0.231, r ≥ −0.31 and ≤0.31).ConclusionSix weeks of MICT cycling (chronic exercise) increased PPT for the lower body, but not upper body, in overweight men, whereas HIIT did not provide any hypoalgesic effect for chronic exercise. The acute effect of exercise on PPT was highly variable and negligible overall.SignificanceThis study shows that aerobic training increases pressure pain threshold in pain‐free adults. This effect was observed only for MICT over‐exercised muscles, implying intensity‐ and site‐specific effects of exercise training on pain threshold.
Timing matters: Impact of anticonvulsant drug treatment and spikes on seizure risk in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Xie Wenting , Ross Erin E. , Kramer Mark A. , Eden Uri T. , Chu Catherine J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveBenign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is a common, self‐limited epilepsy syndrome affecting school‐age children. Classic interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) confirm diagnosis, and BECTS is presumed to be pharmacoresponsive. As seizure risk decreases in time with this disease, we hypothesize that the impact of IEDs and anticonvulsive drug (ACD) treatment on the risk of subsequent seizure will differ based on disease duration.MethodsWe calculate subsequent seizure risk following diagnosis in a large retrospective cohort of children with BECTS (n = 130), evaluating the impact of IEDs and ACD treatment in the first, second, third, and fourth years of disease. We use a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and logistic regression models. Patients were censored if they were lost to follow‐up or if they changed group status.ResultsTwo‐thirds of children had a subsequent seizure within 2 years of diagnosis. The majority of children had a subsequent seizure within 3 years despite treatment. The presence of IEDs on electroencephalography (EEG) did not impact subsequent seizure risk early in the disease. By the fourth year of disease, all children without IEDs remained seizure free, whereas one‐third of children with IEDs at this stage had a subsequent seizure. Conversely, ACD treatment corresponded with lower risk of seizure early in the disease but did not impact seizure risk in later years.SignificanceIn this cohort, the majority of children with BECTS had a subsequent seizure despite treatment. In addition, ACD treatment and IEDs predicted seizure risk at specific points of disease duration. Future prospective studies are needed to validate these exploratory findings.
Polyurethane foams with starch
Authors: Lubczak Renata , Szczęch Dominik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to meet environmentally friendly (green) chemistry requirements, substrates are increasingly in demand to enable the production of biodegradable polyurethanes. Starch seems to meet the expectations for green polyol components for application in polyurethane foam synthesis, provided that it is previously converted into liquid resin with free hydroxyl groups as a result of hydroxyalkylation.RESULTSThe synthesis of oligoetherols based on starch, functionalized with formaldehyde, glycidol and alkylene carbonates was elaborated. All reactions were performed in water as a solvent. The oligoetherols obtained were characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR and MALDI‐ToF spectroscopies. In the next step, the oligoetherols were applied as components for rigid polyurethane foam synthesis. The resulting foams were then tested for the following parameters: the apparent density, water uptake, dimensional stability at the temperature of 100 and 150 °C, thermal conductivity and compressive strength. The thermal resistance of foams was determined both by static and dynamic methods. The parameters of the polyurethane foams such as apparent density, water uptake and polymerization shrinkage are comparable to common rigid polyurethane foams. Several of the polyurethane foams, however, showed significantly higher thermal resistance in comparison with those obtained from standard components.CONCLUSIONSHydroxyalkylation of starch with formaldehyde, glycidol and alkylene carbonates in water as a solvent results in formation of oligoetherols, which can be applied for the synthesis of polyurethane foams. Several of the polyurethane foams obtained are resistant to long‐term heating even at 200 °C. Additionally, after thermal exposure, their compressive strength is significantly improved. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and surface gel‐adsorption effect of multidimensional cross‐linking cationic cotton for enhancing purification of dyeing wastewater
Authors: Song Chunli , Yu Yikai , Sang Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDDyeing wastewater has caused serious pollution of aquatic environments, and adsorption is one of the most commonly used water‐purification methods with selection of suitable adsorbents being the key factor. These factors motivated us to develop new, more efficient adsorbents to purify dyeing wastewater.RESULTSA surface cross‐linking co‐polymerization of triallylmethylammonium chloride (TAMAC) and grafting cotton with unsaturated bonds (G‐cotton) was designed to obtain multidimensional cationic cotton adsorbent (PT‐cotton) with a high cationic degree of substitution of 0.129. A surface gel‐adsorption effect of the multidimensional cationic construction on cotton surface occurring during PT‐cotton adsorption was discovered resulting in the PT‐cotton having an ultrahigh adsorption capacity for purifying dyeing wastewater. Compared to the untreated cotton, the adsorption capacity of the PT‐cotton was 1344.10 times higher. Compared to the widely used activated carbon, the adsorption capacity of the PT‐cotton was 145.31 times higher, and it was 11.05 and 7.25 times higher, respectively, than that of the similar G‐cotton and polycationic cotton (PF‐cotton) reported in our previous contribution. When PT‐cotton materials were used to fill filter columns, the dye solution flowing through the filter columns immediately became clear, and the dye removal percentage for the PT‐cotton filters reached 96.9%, which was clearly better than that of the activated carbon filter (26.2%). Moreover, the per‐unit amount of water purification from filtering purification of a dye solution using PT‐cotton was 7.02 times higher than that using PF‐cotton.CONCLUSIONSObtained PT‐cotton has a greater potential for application in the purification of dyeing wastewater than the existing adsorbent materials. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficient adsorption of oil in water by hydrophobic nonwoven fabrics coated with cross‐linked polydivinylbenzene fibers
Authors: Zhu Xiaobiao , Wang Xiaohui , Liu Yapeng , Tian Ye , Li Yuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundOil pollution of water causes extensive damage to the environment and human health. Adsorption techniques are environmentally friendly and relatively feasible to treat oil contamination and reclaim oil resources, and it is essential to develop adsorbents that have high adsorption capacity for oil which can be recycled and regenerated conveniently to save money and resources.ResultsHydrophobic nonwoven fabrics coated with polydivinylbenzene nanofibres (HNF‐PDVB) were constructed by a one‐step cation polymerization reaction. The results showed that the optimal concentration of OTS (octadecylsilane) for the modification of nonwoven fibers was 1.22 mL L–1of n‐hexane. The HNF‐PDVB showed relatively good performance in adsorbing oil from water, with adsorption capacity as high as 7.5 g g–1. Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevic isotherms fitted well with the experimental data. The kinetic data fitted better to the pseudo‐second‐order and intraparticle diffusion models, and the parameters indicated that the adsorption by HNF‐PDVB involved macropores that contributed to the rapid and high‐capacity adsorption, as well as micropores that resulted in the diffusion of oil in the nanofibres. Thermodynamics studies revealed that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic, with an increasing performance when the temperature rose from 10 to 50 °C. The material possessed good stability and the adsorption capacity reduced from 7.5 g g–1 to 6.6 g g–1 after ten cycles of repeated use, recovered by squeezing and ethanol extraction.ConclusionThis work demonstrates that the new hydrophobic nonwoven fabrics have the potential to be used for elimination of pollution from oil wastewater. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutrition Adequacy Therapeutic Enhancement in the Critically Ill: A Randomized Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial of the Motilin Receptor Agonist Camicinal (GSK962040): The NUTRIATE Study
Authors: Deane Adam M. , Lamontagne Francois , Dukes George E. , Neil David , Vasist Lakshmi , Barton Matthew E. , Hacquoil Kimberley , Ou Xiaoling , Richards Duncan , Stelfox Henry T. , Mehta Sangeeta , Day Andrew G. , Chapman Marianne J. , Heyland Daren K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundCamicinal is a novel, nonmacrolide, motilin receptor agonist that accelerates gastric emptying in critically ill patients with established feed intolerance. The primary question was whether the preemptive administration of camicinal increased the provision of enteral nutrition (EN) to critically ill patients with risk factors that predisposed to feed intolerance.MethodsThis was an international, multicenter, parallel‐group, blinded, randomized controlled trial. Patients at risk for feed intolerance, defined as receiving moderate to high doses of vasopressors or opiates, or admitted because of multiple traumatic injuries or with brain injury, received either enteral camicinal 50 mg or placebo daily for a maximum of 7 days, along with EN administered according to a standardized feeding protocol. The primary outcome was the daily adequacy of enteral feed delivered, as assessed by percentage of goal volume (delivered/prescribed × 100) before development of intolerance.ResultsEighty‐four patients participated. The administration of camicinal did not result in a statistically significant clinical difference in the daily average percentage goal volume delivered (camicinal vs placebo: 77% [95% confidence interval: 71, 83] vs 68% (58, 78); mean difference 9% [−5, 23]; P = 0.21). Similarly, there were no differences in the percentage goal calories (76% [65, 88] vs 68% [60, 77]) and protein (76% [66, 86] vs 70% [61, 80]) administered, or the incidence of feed intolerance (15% vs 14%).ConclusionThe incidence of feed intolerance was low in both groups. In this cohort the preemptive administration of enteral camicinal did not significantly augment the provision of goal EN.
Earliest Musa banana from the late Quaternary sequence at Fahien Rock Shelter in Sri Lanka
Authors: Premathilake Rathnasiri , Hunt Chris O. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe domestication and time of arrival of bananas in South Asia and Africa are unresolved issues. We provide banana seed and leaf phytolith evidence from the archaeological sequence at Fahien Rock Shelter, south‐west Sri Lanka, to help understand the geographical configuration of hybridization, dispersal, cultural association and chronology of banana domestication. Phytolith evidence indicates that Musa accuminata subspecies and M. balbisiana existed in the south‐western lowland rainforest of Sri Lanka from 44952–47854 to 3845–3985 cal a BP. Rock Shelter occupants exploited those taxa for starchy food. Edible diploid bananas may have been introduced from Indonesia or Papua New Guinea before 5994–6194 cal a BP. From this time onwards, phytoliths morphologically identical to those from triploid banana cultivars appeared in the lowland rainforest of Sri Lanka. This precocity appears unique to Sri Lanka. Dispersal of these triploids to the east coast of Africa may have followed maritime trade networks in the Indian Ocean from the first half of the sixth millennium BP. Northward dispersal, e.g. to urban Harappan sites, occurred in the middle of the fifth millennium BP. This discovery shows the interconnection of prehistoric cultures and their engagement with the management of starchy staples in the lowland rainforests of Sri Lanka.
Prioritising references for systematic reviews with RobotAnalyst: A user study
Authors: Przybyła Piotr , Brockmeier Austin J. , Kontonatsios Georgios , Le Pogam Marie‐Annick , McNaught John , von Elm Erik , Nolan Kay , Ananiadou Sophia 
Published: June 2018

Screening references is a time‐consuming step necessary for systematic reviews and guideline development. Previous studies have shown that human effort can be reduced by using machine learning software to prioritise large reference collections such that most of the relevant references are identified before screening is completed. We describe and evaluate RobotAnalyst, a Web‐based software system that combines text‐mining and machine learning algorithms for organising references by their content and actively prioritising them based on a relevancy classification model trained and updated throughout the process. We report an evaluation over 22 reference collections (most are related to public health topics) screened using RobotAnalyst with a total of 43 610 abstract‐level decisions. The number of references that needed to be screened to identify 95% of the abstract‐level inclusions for the evidence review was reduced on 19 of the 22 collections. Significant gains over random sampling were achieved for all reviews conducted with active prioritisation, as compared with only two of five when prioritisation was not used. RobotAnalyst's descriptive clustering and topic modelling functionalities were also evaluated by public health analysts. Descriptive clustering provided more coherent organisation than topic modelling, and the content of the clusters was apparent to the users across a varying number of clusters. This is the first large‐scale study using technology‐assisted screening to perform new reviews, and the positive results provide empirical evidence that RobotAnalyst can accelerate the identification of relevant studies. The results also highlight the issue of user complacency and the need for a stopping criterion to realise the work savings.
The Effect of Employment Status in Postdisaster Recovery: A Longitudinal Comparative Study Among Employed and Unemployed Affected Residents
Authors: Bosmans Mark W. G. , Van der Velden Peter G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPopulation studies have shown that employed adults are healthier than unemployed adults. In this study, we examined whether this “healthy worker effect” is relevant in postdisaster mental health by examining whether trauma‐exposed employed individuals have lower postdisaster initial mental health problems and/or whether they recover faster than trauma‐exposed unemployed individuals. We compared the course of postevent intrusion and avoidance reactions, anxiety, depression, and sleeping difficulties of employed residents (n = 291) and unemployed residents (n = 269) affected by a fireworks disaster in a residential area of Enschede, The Netherlands. Measurements took place at 2–3 weeks (T1), 18 months (T2), and 4 years (T3) postdisaster. We used linear mixed‐effect models to examine the course of mental health problems. Employment status was relevant, to a degree, in posttrauma recovery; although affected employed residents had significantly lower levels of mental health problems (initially and over time) than the unemployed, ds = 0.41–0.72, the recovery rate was the same for both groups. At T1 (neglecting the DSM 1‐month criterion), T2, and T3, the prevalence of probable posttraumatic stress disorder was 45.4%, 18.9%, and 11%, respectively, among employed individuals, and 70.1%, 32.5%, and 30% among unemployed individuals. We concluded that research into the mental health of disaster victims should take employment status into account. Regarding postdisaster care, unemployed individuals may need special attention; although they may recover at the same rate as employed individuals, they suffer from more severe mental health problems, even years after the disaster.
Local dimensions of random homogeneous self‐similar measures: strong separation and finite type
Authors: Hare Kathryn E. , Hare Kevin G. , Troscheit Sascha 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe study the multifractal analysis of self‐similar measures arising from random homogeneous iterated function systems. Under the assumption of the uniform strong separation condition, we see that this analysis parallels that of the deterministic case. The overlapping case is more complicated; we introduce the notion of finite type for random homogeneous iterated function systems and give a formula for the local dimensions of finite type, regular, random homogeneous self‐similar measures in terms of Lyapunov exponents of certain transition matrices. We show that almost all points with respect to this measure are described by a distinguished subset called the essential class, and that the dimension of the support can be computed almost surely from knowledge of this essential class. For a special subcase, that we call commuting, we prove that the set of attainable local dimensions is almost surely a closed interval. Particular examples of such random measures are analyzed in more detail.
Internal breast dosimetry in mammography: Monte Carlo validation in homogeneous and anthropomorphic breast phantoms with a clinical mammography system
Authors: Fedon Christian , Caballo Marco , Sechopoulos Ioannis 
Published: June 2018

PurposeTo validate Monte Carlo (MC)‐based breast dosimetry estimations using both a homogeneous and a 3D anthropomorphic breast phantom under polyenergetic irradiation for internal breast dosimetry purposes.MethodsExperimental measurements were performed with a clinical digital mammography system (Mammomat Inspiration, Siemens Healthcare), using the x‐ray spectrum selected by the automatic exposure control and a tube current‐exposure time product of 360 mAs. A homogeneous 50% glandular breast phantom and a 3D anthropomorphic breast phantom were used to investigate the dose at different depths (range 0–4 cm with 1 cm steps) for the homogeneous case and at a depth of 2.25 cm for the anthropomorphic case. Local dose deposition was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD), metal oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor dosimeters (MOSFET), and GafChromic™ films. A Geant4‐based MC simulation was modified to match the clinical experimental setup. Thirty sensitive volumes (3.2 × 3.2 × 0.38 mm3) on the axial‐phantom plane were included at each depth in the simulation to characterize the internal dose variation and compare it to the experimental TLD and MOSFET measurements. The experimental 2D dose maps obtained with the GafChromic™ films were compared to the simulated 2D dose distributions.ResultsDue to the energy dependence of the dosimeters and due to x‐ray beam hardening, dosimeters based on these three technologies have to be calibrated at each depth of the phantom. As expected, the dose was found to decrease with increasing phantom depth, with the reduction being ~93% after 4 cm for the homogeneous breast phantom. The 2D dose map showed nonuniformities in the dose distribution in the axial plane of the phantom. The mean combined standard uncertainty increased with phantom depth by up to 5.3% for TLD, 6.3% for MOSFET, and 9.6% for GafChromic™ film. In the case of a heterogeneous phantom, the dosimeters are able to detect local dose gradient variations. In particular, GafChromic™ film showed local dose variations of about 46% at the boundaries of two materials.ConclusionsResults showed a good agreement between experimental measurements (with TLD and MOSFET) and MC data for both homogeneous and anthropomorphic breast phantoms. Larger discrepancies are found when comparing the GafChromic™ dose values to the MC results due to the inherent less precise nature of the former.MC validations in a heterogeneous background at the level of local dose deposition and in absolute terms play a fundamental role in the development of an accurate method to estimate radiation dose. The potential introduction of a breast dosimetry model involving a nonhomogeneous glandular/adipose tissue composition makes the validation of internal dose distributions estimates crucial.
The Effects of If‐Then Plans on Weight Loss: Results of the McGill CHIP Healthy Weight Program Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Knäuper Bärbel , Carrière Kimberly , Frayn Mallory , Ivanova Elena , Xu Zhen , Ames‐Bull Anaïs , Islam Farah , Lowensteyn Ilka , Sadikaj Gentiana , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Grover Steven ,   the McGill CHIP Healthy Weight Program Investigators
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe NIH‐developed Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is successful in achieving clinically significant weight loss in individuals with overweight/obesity when delivered one‐on‐one. The group‐based DPP is less effective, with average weight losses of only 3.5%. The objective of this study was to increase weight loss outcomes of the group‐based DPP by integrating habit formation tools (i.e., if‐then plans). This two‐arm randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of the habit formation–enhanced group‐based DPP compared with the standard group‐based DPP on changes in body weight (primary outcome). This study presents the 3‐ and 12‐month results of this 24‐month trial.MethodsA total of 208 participants were randomly assigned to the standard or enhanced DPP, and 172 participated. Participants were men and women with overweight/obesity who self‐reported less than 200 min/wk of exercise.ResultsBoth groups achieved high weight losses at 3 (5.76%) and 12 (9.98%) months, with no differences between groups (χ2 < 1). Both groups improved in blood pressure and physical activity.ConclusionsIf‐then plans did not result in higher weight loss. Both program versions resulted in higher weight loss than the group‐based DPP. This may suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy skills of the coaches (clinical psychology doctoral students) was a key factor in treatment outcome.