bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geteilt, aber nicht unverbunden
Authors: Eckert Astrid M. 
Published: August 2018

Vorspann
Wie regelt ein geteiltes Land gemeinsame Probleme, die sich aus naturräumlichen und geographischen Zusammenhängen ergeben? Dieser Frage geht Astrid M. Eckert am Beispiel des durch Abwässer der ostdeutschen Kaliindustrie besonders belasteten Grenzflusses Werra nach. Die Verbindung von politik-, wirtschafts- und umwelthistorischen Aspekten wirft ein Schlaglicht auf bislang weitgehend unbekannte Seiten der deutsch-deutschen Geschichte. Dabei kann die Autorin zeigen, dass insbesondere in den 1980er Jahren ein „anrüchiges“ Geschäftsmodell immer mehr an Bedeutung gewann: Devisen aus dem Westen für Umweltschutz im Osten.
Unsteady Peristaltic Transport of a Particle-Fluid Suspension: Application to Oesophageal Swallowing
Authors: Pandey Sanjay Kumar , Singh Amirlal 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This model characterises the flow behaviour of suspended particles when swallowing through oesophagus. Transport of particle-fluid mixture induced by dilating peristaltic waves on a circular cylindrical tube was considered for investigation. Unsteady closed-form solutions for pressure gradient, velocity and stream function are obtained by applying regular perturbation technique up to the first order of wavenumber (the ratio of the tube radius to the wavelength). It is observed that the axial velocity of the fluid is greater than that of the solid particles almost everywhere. However, at the wall the axial velocity of the fluid is zero due to the no-slip condition imposed on it; but the suspended particulate material has non-zero positive axial velocity. Thus, the axial velocity of the suspended particles near the tube wall is more than that of the fluid velocity. It is further observed that the axial velocity is negative in the regions close to maximum occlusions giving way to instantaneous backward flow. It is also inferred that the maximum axial velocity of the particle-fluid suspension with non-zero wavenumber is more than that of the particle-free fluid with zero wavenumber. We examined the effect of volume fraction of suspended particulate matter on pressure gradient and velocity. An increase in the volume fraction diminished the pumping performance and also the axial and radial velocities. The results are also compared with those which were obtained for zero wavenumber. The outcome of the investigation endorses the doctors’ advice to patients suffering from achalasia, oesophageal stricture and oesophageal tumors to take liquid or food items with lesser solid contents. Streamline patterns are changed by increasing the flow rate while trapping occurs at high flow rates.
Cationic tri(ferrocenecarbonitrile)silver(I)
Authors: Strehler Frank , Rüffer Tobias , Noll Julian , Schaarschmidt Dieter , Hildebrandt Alexander , Lang Heinrich 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of the tri-coordinated ferrocenecarbonitrile silver(I) complex [Ag(N≡CFc)3]OTf (3) is reported. Its electrochemical behavior shows that the three ferrocenyl units are oxidized in a very close potential range. In addition, the molecular structure of3in the solid state is discussed, showing that silver(I) is exclusively coordinated by three ferrocenecarbonitrile molecules.
Metabolic Profile and Performance Responses During Two Consecutive Sessions of Sprint Interval Training
Authors: Malta Elvis S. , Brisola Gabriel M.P. , de Poli Rodrigo A.B. , Dutra Yago M. , Franchini Emerson , Zagatto Alessandro M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Malta, ES, Brisola, GMP, de Poli, RAB, Dutra, YM, Franchini, E, and Zagatto, AM. Metabolic profile and performance responses during two consecutive sessions of sprint interval training. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1078–1085, 2020—The study aimed to (a) typify the cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and performance responses during a single sprint interval training (SIT) session, (b) investigate the interference of 2 subsequent sessions on cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and performance responses, and (c) verify the relationships of SIT total work performed with aerobic fitness indices. Thirty-six untrained men performed 2 SIT sessions (SIT1 and SIT2) separated by 24 hours of recovery. Each session was composed of 4 Wingate bouts interspersed by 4 minutes. Within SIT sessions, bout work, peak power, and mean power of each Wingate bout decreased significantly, while the fatigue index increased over time (p < 0.001). The SIT elicited lower acute responses of oxygen uptake and heart rate than maximal values (≈67 and ≈79%, respectively) (p < 0.05) as well as a short time spent at high cardiorespiratory demand. For SIT outcomes, no interactions were verified between Wingate bout performance, average heart rate, and average oxygen uptake. In addition, the oxygen uptake integral (SIT1:300.5 ± 38.6 ml·kg−1; SIT2:306.9 ± 41.1 ml·kg−1) and total work (SIT1:54.6 ± 10.4 kJ; SIT2:54.9 ± 10.6 kJ) did not differ between SIT sessions (p > 0.05). Furthermore, significant moderate to strong correlations were found between SIT1 and SIT2 total work and peak oxygen uptake (r = 0.48; r = 0.52, respectively), maximal aerobic power (r = 0.89; r = 0.89, respectively), and respiratory compensation point (r = 0.80; r = 0.78, respectively). In summary, an SIT session elicited a short time spent at high cardiorespiratory demand, while the SIT total work was significantly correlated with aerobic fitness indices. In addition, 2 consecutive SIT sessions interspaced by 24 hours did not affect performance outcomes, or cardiorespiratory and blood responses.
Differences in the Repeated Sprint Performance Between the First and Latter Halves of Trials Under Conditions of Several Thermal States in Exercising Muscles
Authors: Inoue Keiko , Yamashita Naoyuki , Kume Masashi , Yoshida Tetsuya 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Inoue, K, Yamashita, N, Kume, M, and Yoshida, T. Differences in the repeated sprint performance between the first and latter halves of trials under conditions of several thermal states in exercising muscles. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 782–790, 2021—The purpose of this study was to determine whether the effects of thermal states in exercising muscle on repeated sprint cycling (RSC) performance differ between the first and latter half of trials. Nine male subjects performed 8 × 8 seconds of RSC with a 40-second rest period. The subjects wore water-perfused trousers with water at 6° C (COLD), 17° C (COOL), 30° C (WARM), or 44° C (HOT). During the first half of trials, the peak power output (PPO), mean power output (MPO), and sum of work output (SWO) were significantly (p < 0.05) greater under the WARM and HOT conditions than under the COLD and COOL conditions, and a difference in the PPO and MPO between WARM and HOT was noted in the second sprint bout during the first half of the exercise. However, during the latter half of trials, there was no significant difference in the PPO, MPO, and SWO among the 4 conditions. The tympanic temperature (Tty) was significantly elevated under the HOT condition but fell under the COLD and COOL conditions, whereas the Tty under the WARM condition did not change significantly (p < 0.05) during the experiment. The total sweat loss was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in the HOT condition than in the other conditions. These results suggest that the effect of thermal states in exercising muscle on the RSC performance is greater in the first half of exercise than in the latter half, possibly because of the elevation of the core temperature and sweat loss under HOT conditions.
Effects of 6-Week Static Stretching of Knee Extensors on Flexibility, Muscle Strength, Jump Performance, and Muscle Endurance
Authors: Ikeda Naoki , Ryushi Tomoo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ikeda, N and Ryushi, T. Effects of 6-week static stretching of knee extensors on flexibility, muscle strength, jump performance, and muscle endurance. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 715–723, 2021—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in flexibility and muscular performance after stretching training for 6 weeks. Twelve healthy young men were assigned to a stretching group and 13 to a control group. The subjects of the stretching group performed static stretching of knee extensors for 6 weeks. Knee flexion range of motion (KFROM), leg extension strength, rate of force development (RFD) in leg extension, jump performance (squat and countermovement jump height, and index of rebound jump), and strength decrement index of 50 repetitions of isokinetic knee extension (muscle endurance) were measured before and after the interventions. In the stretching group, KFROM significantly increased from 145.2 ± 17.3 to 158.7 ± 6.3° (p < 0.05), whereas RFD significantly improved from 10,173 ± 2,401 to 11,883 ± 2,494 N·s−1 (p < 0.05). By contrast, leg extension strength and jump performance of each jump type did not improve significantly. Furthermore, muscle endurance decreased significantly. All variables remained unchanged in the control group. In conclusion, 6 weeks of stretching training of knee extensors improved KFROM and RFD in leg extension, but not leg extension strength and jump performance; moreover, muscle endurance decreased. These findings indicate that this stretching training protocol can be used by athletes in sports who require high flexibility and those who require high-power exertion.
A Comparative Study on Formability of a Different Thickness FSWed AA 5052 Blank by Conventional and EM Forming
Authors: Doley Jyoti K. , Kore Sachin D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Difficult-to-weld aluminum alloys of different thicknesses in thin sheets of 1 mm to 1.5 mm are welded by Friction Stir Welding and then mechanically analyzed. Successful welds are obtained at constant tool spindle speed of 1,500 r/min and at two tool traverse speeds of 68 mm/min and 93 mm/min. All the specimens failed at the weld region during tensile testing. Microstructure analysis suggests dynamic recrystallization with a finer grain size at the weld nugget and ductile modes of failure during tensile fracture with sharp sheared dimples at fracture surface. The welded blanks of AA 5052 H32 were then formed by an Electromagnetic Forming (EMF) process to characterize the forming behavior by high velocity forming. Furthermore, the EMF process was compared to a quasi-static forming process. It and a formability analysis were done in terms of a Limit Dome Height test and Forming Limit Diagram. It was found that the formability of welded blanks increases considerably with the EMF process, against the conventional process. However, the tensile strength of the welded blanks was lower than that of base materials, and hence, formability showed the same trend.
Assessment of a Mist Cooling System for Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Flores Francisco J. , Cantú Alberto , Felde Imre , Colás Rafael 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Wrought aluminum alloys can be heat treatable following a three-stage cycle that consists of solution, cooling, and aging. The cooling rate at which the heat-treated parts are subjected to is a critical parameter; if the rate is slow, the dissolved elements will have enough time to precipitate during cooling, affecting the mechanical properties after aging, whereas with a high cooling rate, it will be possible for pieces of the complex geometry to exhibit distortion or, in some cases, fracture. A mist cooling system prototype is presented in this work. The system was developed by mixing forced air that is produced by a blower with atomized water within. The cooling rate was measured in 6061-T6 aluminum alloy cylinders by varying the air velocity and volume of atomized water; the results were compared to cooling in still air. The temperature profiles during cooling were obtained using K-type thermocouples that gathered data from the inside and from surface locations. Cooling rates were determined by a first-order derivative of the measured temperatures, and the heat transfer coefficients (HTC) were calculated by the inverse method using 2-D transient axial symmetrical analysis with commercial software. HTC values were found in a range of 250 to 590 W/m2·K. The results showed that the HTC increased with the amount of atomized water. The HTC does not seem to be affected by the higher range values when plotted against surface temperature.
Is severe hypocalcemia immediately life threatening?
Authors: Duval Maxime , Bach-Ngohou Kalyane , Masson Damien , Guimard Camille , Le Conte Philippe , Trewick David 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveSevere hypocalcemia (Ca <1.9 mmol/L) is often considered an emergency because of a potential risk of cardiac arrest or seizures. However, there is little evidence to support this. The aim of our study was to assess whether severe hypocalcemia was associated with immediately life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias or neurological complications.MethodsA retrospective observational study was carried out over a 2-year period in the Adult Emergency Department (ED) of Nantes University Hospital. All patients who had a protein-corrected calcium concentration measure were eligible for inclusion. Patients with multiple myeloma were excluded. The primary outcome was the number of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and/or neurological complications during the stay in the ED.ResultsA total of 41,823 patients had protein-corrected calcium (pcCa) concentrations measured, 155 had severe hypocalcemia, 22 were excluded because of myeloma leaving 133 for analysis. Median pcCa concentration was 1.73 mmol/L (1.57–1.84). Seventeen (12.8%) patients presented a life-threatening condition, 14 (10.5%) neurological and 3 (2.2%) cardiac during ED stay. However, these complications could be explained by the presence of underlying co-morbidities and or electrolyte disturbances other than hypocalcemia. Overall, 24 (18%) patients died in hospital. Vitamin D deficiency, chronic kidney disease and hypoparathyroidism were the most frequently found causes of hypocalcemia.ConclusionThirteen percent of patients with severe hypocalcemia presented a life-threatening cardiac or neurological complication on the ED. However, a perfectly valid alternative cause could account for these complications. Further research is warranted to define the precise role of hypocalcemia.
Impact of Obesity on Asthma Morbidity During a Hospitalization
Authors: Gross Elissa , Lee Diana S. , Hotz Arda , Ngo Kim Chi , Rastogi Deepa 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Asthma and obesity are 2 common pediatric problems. Obesity is a known risk factor for asthma, and obese children with asthma have higher disease burden. However, little is known on how obesity in urban minority children, mainly Hispanic and African American children, impacts morbidity during pediatric asthma hospitalizations.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review was conducted on children and adolescents age 2 to 18 years hospitalized at the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore for an acute asthma exacerbation. We elucidated the association of overweight or obese status with severity of the exacerbation, quantified by length of stay (LOS) and need for intensive care management. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of LOS.

RESULTS:
A total of 975 children met the inclusion criteria, of whom 55% were normal weight and 45% were overweight or obese. Sixty percent were Hispanic, and 37% were African American. The overall average LOS was 2.57 days (range: 0.67–12.92). Overweight or obese status was associated with a higher asthma severity at baseline (P = .021). Overweight or obese children had a longer average LOS compared with normal weight children (2.75 vs 2.39 days; P &lt; .01) with more PICU stays (P = .006), even after adjustment for higher baseline asthma severity. The severity of the exacerbation did not differ by ethnicity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Obesity in children hospitalized for asthma is associated with more severe asthma exacerbations, longer LOS, and increased use of PICU level care, independent of their higher baseline disease severity and ethnicity.
Should Parents of Neonates With Bleak Prognosis Be Encouraged to Opt for Another Child With Better Odds? On the Notion of Moral Replaceability
Authors: Tännsjö Torbjörn 
Published: August 2018

The notion of moral exchangeability is scrutinized and its proper place in neonatal care is examined. On influential moral outlooks, the neonate is morally exchangeable. On these views, if the parents are prepared to let go of the neonate with a poor prognosis and opt instead for another child who is healthy, this may be the morally right thing for them to do, and neonatal care ought to ease their choice.
The notion of moral exchangeability has a different place in different moral theories. Three theories are examined: deontological ethics (insisting on the sanctity of innocent human life), according to which there is no place for the replacement of 1 child for another. It is different, however, with utilitarianism and in the moral rights theory based on self-ownership. According to utilitarianism, we are all replaceable. According to the moral rights theory, neonates are replaceable to the extent that they have not developed personhood. Even a deontological ethicist of a Kantian bent would concur here with the moral rights theory.
Because influential moral theories imply that the neonate is morally exchangeable, it is reasonable within neonatal care, as a general rule, to grant the parents a veto against any attempts to save a child with a poor prognosis. In particular, if the parents are prepared instead to have another, healthy child, this is to be recommended. However, this rule cannot be strict. In rare cases, it is necessary to yield to parents who insist that their neonate be saved despite a poor prognosis.
Thresholds for Resuscitation of Extremely Preterm Infants in the UK, Sweden, and Netherlands
Authors: Wilkinson Dominic , Verhagen Eduard , Johansson Stefan 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
It is widely acceptable to involve parents in decision-making about the resuscitation of extremely preterm infants (EPIs) in the gray zone. However, there are different views about where the boundaries of the gray zone should lie. Our aim in this study was to compare the resuscitation thresholds for EPIs between neonatologists in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and the Netherlands.

METHODS:
We distributed an online survey to consultant neonatologists and neonatal registrars and fellows that included clinical scenarios in which parents requested resuscitation or nonresuscitation. Respondents were asked about the lowest gestational age and/or the worst prognosis at which they would provide resuscitation and the highest gestational age and/or the best prognosis at which they would withhold resuscitation. In additional scenarios, influence of the condition at birth or consideration of available health care resources was assessed.

RESULTS:
The survey was completed by 162 neonatologists (30% response rate). There was a significant difference between countries; the gray zone for most UK respondents was 23 + 0/7 to 23 + 6/7 or 24 weeks’ gestation, compared with 22 + 0/7 to 22 + 6/7 or 23 weeks’ gestation in Sweden and 24 + 0/7 to 25 + 6/7 or 26 weeks’ gestation in the Netherlands. Resuscitation thresholds were higher if an infant was born in poor condition. There was wide variation in the prognosis that warranted resuscitation or nonresuscitation. Consideration of resource scarcity did not alter responses.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this survey, we found significant differences in approach to the resuscitation of EPIs, with a spectrum from most proactive (Sweden) to least proactive (Netherlands). Most survey respondents indicated shifts in decision-making that were associated with particular weeks’ gestation. Despite the different approaches to decision-making in the 3 countries, there was relatively little difference between countries in neonatologists’ prognostic thresholds for resuscitation.
Pediatric Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Weinstock Michael S. , Patel Neha A. , Smith Lee P. 
Published: August 2018

Cervical lymphadenopathy affects as many as 90% of children aged 4 to 8 years. With so many children presenting to doctors' offices and emergency departments, a systematic approach to diagnosis and evaluation must be considered. In the following review, we aim to provide the pediatric clinician with a general framework for an appropriate history and physical examination, while giving guidance on initial diagnostic laboratory testing, imaging, and potential need for biopsy. The most common cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in the pediatric population is reactivity to known and unknown viral agents. The second most common cause includes bacterial infections ranging from aerobic to anaerobic to mycobacterial infections. Malignancies are the most concerning cause of cervical lymphadenopathy.
The explosion in the use of ultrasonography as a nonradiating imaging modality in the pediatric population has changed the diagnostic algorithm for many clinicians. We aim to provide some clarity on the utility and shortcomings of the imaging modalities available, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.
Diseño e implementación de una propuesta didáctica por medio de la utilización de herramientas virtuales para el aprendizaje de inmunología en enfermedad periodontal
Authors: Garzón Vergara Hernán Santiago , Quiroga Carrillo Jennifer 
Published: August 2018

Introducción: el contexto actual presenta diversas posibilidades para la innovación en el campo educativo, siendo una de estas la utilización de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC). En odontología los esfuerzos para la introducción de las TIC en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje han sido progresivos y algo difíciles, debido a las características propias de la disciplina, la cual exige prácticas pre-clínicas y con pacientes. Sin embargo, la infinidad de herramientas que ofrecen las TIC han hecho que sean más atractivas, versátiles y útiles para el fortalecimiento de procesos educativos en áreas complejas. En el área de periodoncia se presenta una dificultad para el aprendizaje de Inmunología en Enfermedad Periodontal por la cantidad de horas dedicadas y su complejidad. Objetivo: diseñar e implementar una propuesta didáctica a través de herramientas virtuales para fortalecer el proceso de aprendizaje respecto a la inmunología en enfermedad periodontal. Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa de tipo investigación-acción. Se elaboró una plataforma en Moodle con cinco módulos, cada uno con objetivos de carácter cognitivo, procedimental y actitudinal; así como el planteamiento de actividades que fortalecieran el aprendizaje del estudiante y un proceso evaluativo, en el cual tanto el tutor como el estudiante forman parte activa dando lugar a una evaluación procesual. Discusión y conclusión: aunque la elaboración de este tipo de propuestas se redefine constantemente en la práctica, son una estrategia útil en odontología, la cual arrojaría resultados satisfactorios para el fortalecimiento de procesos de aprendizaje en aquellos temas que presentan mayor dificultad.