bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1,8-Bis(diphenylphosphino)biphenylene. A new ligand for late transition metal complexes
Authors: Kutter Felix , Denhof Andreas , Lork Enno , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of the isomeric compounds 1,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)biphenylene (1) and 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)biphenylene (2) is reported. Compound1was used as bidentate ligand towards late transition metal chlorides giving rise to six complexes1·MCl2(M=Ni, Pd, Pt) and1·MCl (M=Cu, Ag, Au), which have been fully characterized. The electronic bond characteristics of the polar-covalent M–P and M–Cl bonds of1·MCl2(M=Ni, Pd, Pt) and1·MCl (M=Cu, Ag, Au) were determined by a computational real-space bonding indicator (RSBI) analyses including the atoms-in-molecules, electron localizability indicator, and non-covalent interactions (NCI) index methods based on the molecular structures established by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Consistent with the electronegativity differences, the polarity of the M–Cl bonds is found to be systematically higher compared to the M–P bonds. In addition, there is a tendency for decreasing bond polarities downwards the column (Ag–P is an exception). Consequently, the highest bond polarities are observed for the Ni–Cl and Cu–Cl bonds, whereas the lowest polarities are observed for the Pt–P and Au–P bonds.
Synthesis and characterization of the new tin borate SnB8O11(OH)4
Authors: Schönegger Sandra , Wurst Klaus , Heymann Gunter , Schaur Andreas , Saxer Andreas , Johrendt Dirk , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA new tin(II) borate with the composition SnB8O11(OH)4was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process. It crystallizes in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space groupP21/n(no. 14) with the lattice parametersa=790.1(1),b=1402.2(2),c=994.8(1) pm, andβ=90.40(5)° (Z=4). The new compound SnB8O11(OH)4is isotypic to PbB8O11(OH)4and isostructural to BaB8O11(OH)4. The borate layers are built up from fundamental building blocks (FBBs) with the composition [B8O11(OH)4]2−. Four of these FBBs form a nine-membered ring wherein the Sn2+cations are located. These boron-oxygen layers are further connected by O–H···O hydrogen bond interactions. The characterization of SnB8O11(OH)4is based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, vibrational spectroscopy, DFT calculations, and thermoanalytical investigations including high temperature powder XRD.
La entonación interrogativa del español en la frontera México-EEUU de América: comparación de tres corpus de habla de informantes texanos con estudios superiores
Authors: Dorta Josefa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe objective of this work is analysing absolute interrogative sentences from the Spanish of San Antonio de Texas using three corpus featuring different levels of spontaneity (formal ad hoc, situational and conversational), and uttered by native speakers with superior studies. The choice of these corpus and their acoustic analyses have been performed according to the methodology established by the international project AMPER (Atlas Multimédia Prosodique de l’Espace Roman). Furthermore, we have undertaken the phonetic-phonological labelling of the boundary tones and of initial and nuclear pitch accents within the framework of the autosegmental-metrical model. This study has been carried out with the aim of contributing to the knowledge of Texan intonation, in order to make comparisons with other varieties of Spanish language as well as to include it in the international Atlas AMPER. We hypothesize that interrogatives from the informants considered follow the patterns described for Mexican interrogatives (Sosa, 1999; Ávila, 2003; Martín Butragueño, 2004, among others), taking into account the geographical location of San Antonio de Texas in relation to Mexico and the influence of Mexican immigration, which has a strong presence in San Antonio. Results provide evidence of such influence, particularly in the final ascent of the F0.
Note sulla storia lessicale di caviaro / caviale
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractItalian caviaro / caviale ʻsturgeon roeʼ is a borrowing from Greek χαβιάρι. The Greek term, which dates back to the 9th century, does not derive from Turkish, as has often been assumed so far. The chronology of the historical records clearly shows that, on the contrary, Turkish havyar, which does not appear before the 14th century, is a borrowing from Greek. The merchandise and the term became known in Italy in the 13th/14th centuries in the wake of Black Sea trade. The type caviale appears mainly in Genoese documents, whereas caviaro is tipical for Venetian sources. As far as Tuscan caviale is concerned, it cannot be decided with certainty if it was modelled on Genoese caviale or if it is the result of an independent development. Whatever the case, in the course of the 16th/17th centuries Tuscan caviale made its way as the Italian standard variant. On the basis of the Venetian type caviaro, from the 15th century onwards, the term has spread all over Europe (Sp. caviar, Fr. caviar, Germ. Kaviar, etc.).
Effect of Sample Reconstitution Methods on the Behaviors of Granular Materials under Shearing
Authors: Li Yao , Yang Yunming , Yu Hai-Sui , Roberts Gethin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The effect of sample reconstitution methods on the behavior of sand under shearing is investigated by using the first commercially available Variable Direction Dynamic Cyclic Simple Shear System. Three sample reconstitution methods are used in this study, which are as follows: the dry funnel method, air pluviation, and dried wet tamping. Because only dry specimens can be tested in many simple shear apparatuses, in this study, a new method called dried wet tamping is used to model the soil fabric generated by the wet tamping method, wherein the soil sample prepared by wet tamping is dried before being tested. Leighton Buzzard sand at various relative densities is tested in monotonic, one-directional cyclic, and two-dimensional circular cyclic simple shear tests. Experimental results show that different sample reconstitution methods have limited effects on the shear behavior in monotonic loading tests. On the contrary, the sample reconstitution methods greatly influence the dynamic responses of sand, including the undrained one-dimensional cyclic and two-dimensional circular cyclic loading. The liquefaction resistance is the greatest using the dried wet tamping method, followed by the dry funnel method and air pluviation method. These test results are also compared with previous studies on sample reconstitution methods, and their similarities and differences are analyzed.
On the Oxidative Ablation and Mechanical Properties of T300 Carbon Fibers at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Liu Leibo , Huang Pengfei , Miao Min , Wuyun Qiqige , Li Tenghui , Su Fei 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Carbon fibers are the main component and load carrier within many high-temperature composites. Oxidative ablation of carbon fibers is the main failure mechanism of high-temperature composites and significantly affects the mechanical properties of the composites. The effects of the ablation of carbon fiber at high temperatures on carbon fiber mechanical properties, nevertheless, have not been systematically studied in the available literature. In the present investigation, the oxidative ablation behavior of carbon fibers from room temperature to 900°C has been systematically investigated by employing a thermogravimetric analyzer and in situ video detection. Detectable carbon fiber weight loss was initiated when the temperature was elevated to 600°C within the air environment. The video images showed that the color of the carbon fiber surfaces changed dramatically and then the fibers disappeared gradually, indicating that the carbon fibers underwent a chemical reaction, i.e., oxidative ablation. The static mechanical strength of carbon fiber at various temperatures was investigated and was found to start decreasing significantly at temperatures above 500°C, even though no obvious oxidative ablation occurred. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectrum reveal that the microstructure transition from graphite to nongraphite carbon is the main reason for strength reduction.
Pengaruh Rata-Rata Lama Berpendidikan dan Pengeluaran Pemerintah Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja
Authors: Abdul Makna Gambang 
Published: March 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh rata-rata lama pendidikan dan pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja, apakah koefiseien negatif ataukah positif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah koefisien negatif dari rata-rata lama berpendidikan adalah -37,61 yang berarti jika rata-rata lama berpendidikan naik 1% maka penyerapan tenaga kerja turun 37,61. Koefisien positif dari pengeluaran pemerintah sektor pendidikan sebesar 9,48 yang berarti jika pengeluaran pemerintah sektor pendidikan naik 1% maka penyerapan tenaga kerja naik sebesar 9,48. Koefisien positif dari pengeluaran pemerintah sektor kesehatan sebesar 1,81 yang berarti jika pengeluaran pemerintah sektor kesehatan naik sebesar 1% maka penyerapan tenaga kerja juga naik sebesar 1,81. Rata-rata lama berpendidikan. Pengeluaran pemerintah sektor pendidikan dan pengeluaran pemerintah sektor kesehatan secara bersama sama berpengaruh terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the average length of education and government spending on employment, whether the coefficient negative or positive.Results from this study is the negative coefficient of the average length of education is -37.61 that means if the average length of education rose 1%, the employment fell 37.61. Positive coefficient of government expenditures for education sector is 9.48, which means if the government education spending rose 1%, the employment increased by 9.48. Positive coefficient of government spending health sector amounted to 1.81 which means that if the government health sector spending rose by 1% then employment also rose by 1.81. The average length of education. Government expenditure of education sector and the health sector of government spending with the same effect on employment
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ekspor Karet Indonesia ke Malaysia Tahun 1983-2013
Authors: Kusrini Aini , Novandalina Arini 
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor karet Indonesia ke Malaysia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Dimana data yang diperoleh diwujudkan dalam bentuk angka dan analisis menggunakan metode statistika dan ekonometrika. Penelitian ini menggunakan data runtut waktu (time series). Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah luas areal lahan, produksi, dan kurs rupiah terhadap ekspor karet Indonesia ke Negara Malaysia.Data di analisis dengan metode kuantitatif. Metode analisis yang digunakan Ordinary Least Square (OLS) dengan menggunakan alat bantu sofware Eviews. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh bahwa luas areal lahan,Produksi,Kurs pada analisis regresi liniear berganda berpengaruh Signifikan terhadap ekspor karet Indonesia ke Malaysia. Luas lahan berpengaruh terhadap ekspor sebesar 2.050, produksi berpengaruh terhadap ekspor sebesar 0.000368, Kurs berpengaruh terhadap ekspor sebesar 0.090. Hasil penelitian dapat diberi saran yaitu Sebaiknya pemerintah dan petani karet bekerjasama meminimalisir pengalihan lahan karet, Pemberian subsidi bibit karet kepada petani karet dan Sebaiknya para eksportir mempelajari strategi dagang internasional sehingga selalu dalam posisi tawar yang baik dalam kondisi apapun.
The purpose of this study to describe the factors influence of Indonesian rubber export to Malaysia. The data used in this secondary data. Where the data is obtained be formed in the form number and analysis using statistical and econometric methods. This study use time series data (time series) the variable in this study is the wide land of area, the production exchange rate againts Indonesia rubber export to the country of Malaysia. The data were analyzed with quantitative method. The method of analysis used ordinary least square (OLS) using eviews software tool. Based on the results obtained that the wide land of area, exchange on multiple linear regression analysis significant influence in the Indonesia rubber export to Malaysia the land of area effect in export by 2050. The production amounted to 0.000368 impact to export, exchange rate effect in the export by 0090. The results of research can be given suggestions are: The government and rubber farmer should cooperate to minimize the shift of rubber plantation area, The providing subsidies the seed of rubber to the rubber farmer and The exports should learning International trade strategy untill it is in a good bargaining position in any condition.
Pengaruh Kondisi Individu terhadap Keputusan Migrasi Sirkuler ke Kota Semarang
Authors: Rahma Anggraini Hastu , Fafurida Fafurida 
Published: March 2018

Fenomena migrasi sangat mewarnai di beberapa negara berkembang, termasuk di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Di Indonesia terutama banyak tenaga kerja yang berasal dari daerah pedesaan mengalir ke daerah perkotaan, Salah satunya dari Kabupaten Kendal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap keputusan migrasi sirkuler yang antara lain meliputi jenis kelamin, usia, status perkawinan, tingkat pendidikan dan pendapatan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah tenaga kerja kabupaten Kendal yang bekerja di Kota Semarang dan menjadi migrasi sirkuler yang jumlahnya 1.135 jiwa Tidak semua tenaga kerja dalam populasi menjadi objek dalam penelitian ini karena jumlahnya sulit untuk diketahui. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Snowball sampling dalam hal ini sampel adalah tenaga kerja di sektor formal yang bekerja di Kota Semarang dan menjadi migrasi sirkuler yang berjumlah 92 responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jenis kelamin berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap migrasi sirkuler, usia berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap migrasi sirkuler, status perkawinan berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap migrasi sirkuler, tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap migrasi sirkuler, pendapatan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap migrasi sirkuler.
The phenomenon of migration is very coloring in some developing countries, including in the various regions in Indonesia . In Indonesia especially many workers coming from rural regions flowed into the urban area, One of Kendal District. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the decision of circular migration which includes gender, age , marital status , education and income levels . In this study the object studied is the workforce in the formal sector who work in the city of Semarang and becomes circular migration. The population in this study was a labor of Kendal district who work in the city of Semarang and becomes circular migration which numbers 1,135 souls Not all workers in the population become the object of this study because the amount is hard to know. Sampling was done by snowball sampling method in this case the sample is labor in the formal sector who work in the city of Semarang and becomes circular migration which amounted to 92 respondents. Based on the results of the study indicate that the Gender positive and significant to circular migration, age positive and not significant to circular migration, marital status negative and not significant to circular migration, education level positive and significant impact on circular migration, revenue negative effect and significant impact on circular migration.
Distribusi Fungsi Pelayanan Kecamatan dan Interaksi antar Kecamatan di Kabupaten Tegal
Authors: Budi Setiawan Nur , Prishardoyo Bambang 
Published: March 2018

Pelayanan publik adalah segala kegiatan pelayanan yang diselenggarakan oleh penyelenggara pelayanan sebagai upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan penerima pelayanan, Pelayanan publik ini menjadi semakin penting karena senantiasa berhubungan dengan masyarakat yang memiliki keanekaragaman kepentingan dan tujuan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi fungsi pelayanan kecamatan serta interaksi antar kecamatan pada setiap Satuan Wilayah Pembangunan (SWP) di Kabupaten Tegal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari kedua masalah yang diperoleh bahwa Distribusi fungsi pelayanan menunjukan bahwa Kecamatan yang memiliki jumlah penduduk sedikit belum tentu jumlah fasilitasnya juga sedikit, dengan kata lain terjadi ketidakmerataan fasilitas di Kabupaten Tegal. Tingkat interaksi menunjukan bahwa Kecamatan yang memiliki jumlah tingkat interaksi tertinggi adalah Kecamatan Margasari, dan Kecamatan yang memilki jumlah Interaksi Terendah adalah Kecamatan Talang, Keterkaitan antara Distribusi fungsi pelayanan dengan Interaksi antar wilayah menunjukan semakin rendah jumlah fasilitas suatu Kecamatan maka semakin tinggi tingkat interaksi dengan Kecamatan lainnya, hal ini terjadi karena untuk memenuhi kebutuhan suatu daerah, maka daerah tersebut harus mengakses fasilitas daerahlainnya
Public service is any service activity organized by service providers as addressing the needs of service recipients, public services have become increasingly important because it is always in touch with people who have a diversity of interests and goals. Therefore, this study aims to determine the distribution of the service function and interaction among sub-districts in each Regional Unit Development (SWP) in Tegal regency. Based on the research results obtained from the second issue that the distribution of the service function indicates that the sub-district which has a population of a little bit is not necessarily the number of facilities are also a little bit, in other words going inequality facilities in Tegal regency. The level of interaction indicate that the Regency which have the highest number of population is Margasari Regency, and the Regency that have the lowest number of interaction is Talang Regency. The relevance between the service fuction distribution with the interaction between region indicate that the number of facilities a district is lower, then the level of interaction with other Regency is higher. It happened because to fulfill the requirement a region, so that region have to access the facility of other regions.
Mekanisme Transmisi Kebijakan Moneter dalam Mempengaruhi Inflasi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia
Authors: Yudi Setiawan Rifky , Karsinah Karsinah 
Published: March 2018

Sejak dikeluarkannya UU Bank Indonesia yang baru tahun 1999, Bank Indonesia telah diberi amanah sebagai otoritas moneter ganda yang dapat menjalankan kebijakan moneter konvensional maupun syariah. Sejak saat itu perbankan dan keuangan syariah berkembang pesat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat alur transmisi kebijakan moneter dari sisi konvensional dan syariah dalam mempengaruhi inflasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi, yang kemudian membandingkan keduanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jalur konvensional memiliki alur sesuai dengan teori transmisi kebijakan moneter yang ada hingga mempengaruhi inflasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi, sedangkan jalur syariah belum mempunyai alur yang sesuai dengan teori kebijakan moneter yang ada. Berdasarkan hasil VECM variabel syariah dapat menurunkan laju inflasi dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, sedangkan variabel konvensional dapat menurunkan laju inflasi akan tetapi menahan laju pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kemudian berdasarkan hasil FEVD jalur konvensional lebih berpengaruh dalam mengendalikan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan inflasi dengan masing-masing kontribusi sebesar 50,5% dan 19,97%, sedangkan jalur syariah masing-masing sebesar 29,07%. dan 19,47%.
Since New Banking Act in 1998, Indonesia has implemented a dual banking system, where conventional and Islamic banks can operate side by side throughout Indonesia. With the implementation of Bank of Indonesia’s Act in 1999, Bank of Indonesia has a dual mandate to conduct both conventional and Islamic monetary policies. Since then, the Islamic banking and finance has been growing rapidly. The aim of this study is to see how transmission channel of monetary policy from side of conventional and Sharia channel to Influence Inflation and Economic Growth compare them both. The results showed the conventional channel is worked according to the theory of transmission mechanism of monetary policy that affect the final target inflation and economic growth, whereas Sharia channel does not worked according to the monetary policy. Based on the results of VECM on Sharia channel variable can reduce the inflation and increase the economic growth at the same time, while the variable of conventional channel can reduce the inflation but also reduce the economic growth at the same time. Then based on the results of FEVD conventional channel is more effective in controlling the economic growth and the inflation with contribution of 50.5% and 19.97%. while the Islamic bank financing channel with contribution of 29.07% and 19.47%.
Kausalitas Ekspor Indonesia ke Tiongkok dengan Inflasi Indonesia, Suku Bunga Dasar Tiongkok, dan Nilai Tukar Indonesia
Authors: Leonard Teddy Aldwin 
Published: March 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan kausalitas antara total nilai ekspor Indonesia ke Tiongkok dengan tingkat suku bunga Tiongkok, tingkat inflasi Indonesia, dan nilai tukar Rupiah Indonesia terhadap Yuan China. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji kausalitas granger dengan variabel total nilai ekspor Indonesia ke Tiongkok, tingkat inflasi Indonesia, tingkat suku bunga dasar Tiongkok, dan nilai tukar Rupiah Indonesia terhadap Yuan China untuk melihat hubungan kausalitas antar variabel. Hasil uji kausalitas granger menunjukkan hasil bahwa total nilai ekspor Indonesia ke Tiongkok memiliki hubungan satu arah dengan variabel tingkat suku bunga Tiongkok dan variabel nilai tukar Rupiah Indonesia terhadap Yuan China, namun tidak terdapat hubungan kausalitas dengan variabel tingkat inflasi Indonesia. Hubungan satu arah antara total nilai ekspor Indonesia ke Tiongkok dengan tingkat suku bunga Tiongkok adalah total nilai ekspor Indonesia ke Tiongkok menyebabkan perubahan tingkat suku bunga Tiongkok, sedangkan hubungan satu arah antara total nilai ekspor Indonesia ke Tiongkok dengan nilai tukar Rupiah Indonesia terhadap Yuan China adalah nilai tukar Rupiah Indonesia terhadap Yuan China menyebabkan perubahan total nilai ekspor Indonesia ke Tiongkok.
The purpose of this study is to know the causality relationship between the total value of Indonesia's exports to Tiongkok with Tiongkok's interest rate, the inflation rate of Indonesia, and the exchange rate of Indonesian Rupiah against the Yuan China. This study uses granger causality test with total variable of Indonesian export value to Tiongkok, Indonesia inflation rate, interest rate of Tiongkok, and Indonesian Rupiah exchange rate to Yuan China to see the relation of causality among variables. Granger causality test results show that the total value of Indonesia's export to Tiongkok has unidirectional relationship with variable of Tiongkok interest rate and variable of Indonesian Rupiah exchange rate to Yuan China, but there is no causality relationship with Indonesian inflation rate variable. The unidirectional relationship between the total value of Indonesia's exports to Tiongkok and the Tiongkok interest rate is the total value of Indonesia's exports to Tiongkok causing a change in the Tiongkok interest rate, while the unidirectional relationship between the total value of Indonesia's exports to Tiongkok and the Indonesian rupiah against the Yuan China is the value The Indonesian rupiah exchange rate against the Yuan China led to a change in the total value of Indonesia's exports to Tiongkok