bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated inversions at thepannierintron drive diversification of intraspecific colour patterns of ladybird beetles
Authors: Ando Toshiya , Matsuda Takeshi , Goto Kumiko , Hara Kimiko , Ito Akinori , Hirata Junya , Yatomi Joichiro , Kajitani Rei , Okuno Miki , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Kobayashi Masaaki , Takano Tomoyuki , Minakuchi Yohei , Seki Masahide , Suzuki Yutaka , Yano Kentaro , Itoh Takehiko , Shigenobu Shuji , Toyoda Atsushi , Niimi Teruyuki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHow genetic information is modified to generate phenotypic variation within a species is one of the central questions in evolutionary biology. Here we focus on the striking intraspecific diversity of more than 200 aposematic elytral (forewing) colour patterns of the multicoloured Asian ladybird beetle,Harmonia axyridis, which is regulated by a tightly linked genetic locush. Our loss-of-function analyses, genetic association studies,de novogenome assemblies, and gene expression data reveal that the GATA transcription factor genepannieris the major regulatory gene located at thehlocus, and suggest that repeated inversions and cis-regulatory modifications atpannierled to the expansion of colour pattern variation inH. axyridis. Moreover, we show that the colour patterning function ofpannieris conserved in the seven spotted ladybird beetle,Coccinella septempunctata, suggesting thatH. axyridis’extraordinary intra-specific variation may have arisen from ancient modifications in a conserved elytral colour patterning mechanisms in ladybird beetles.
Cell boundary confinement sets the size and position of theE. colichromosome
Authors: Wu Fabai , Swain Pinaki , Kuijpers Louis , Zheng Xuan , Felter Kevin , Guurink Margot , Chaudhuri Debasish , Mulder Bela , Dekker Cees 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWhile the spatiotemporal structure of the genome is crucial to its biological function, many basic questions remain unanswered on the morphology and segregation of chromosomes. Here, we experimentally show inEscherichia colithat spatial confinement plays a dominant role in determining both the chromosome size and position. In non-dividing cells with lengths up to 10 times normal, single chromosomes are observed to expand more than 4 fold in size, an effect only modestly influenced by deletions of various nucleoid-associated proteins. Chromosomes show pronounced internal dynamics but exhibit a robust positioning where single nucleoids reside strictly at mid-cell, while two nucleoids self-organize at ¼ and ¾ cell positions. Molecular dynamics simulations of model chromosomes recapitulate these phenomena and indicate that these observations can be attributed to depletion effects induced by cytosolic crowders. These findings highlight boundary confinement as a key causal factor that needs to be considered for understanding chromosome organization.
Evaluation of the capacity of Pediatricians in Nigeria to conduct of research: A nationwide Survey
Authors: Ughasoro Maduka D. , Jalo Iliya , Okolo Angela , Adejiyugbe Ebun , Murktah Mariya , Omogberare Austin , Onankpa Ben , Ibeziako Ngozi , Ubesie Agozie , Nwaneri Damian , Ezechukwu Clement , Stephen Oguche 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundQuality health care service delivery to children and adolescents is enhanced by continuous research into the health challenges of this subpopulation led by paediatricians with tremendous capacity to investigate and proffer solutions to the myriads of childhood illnesses. Understanding the health issues therefore is the foundation for implementation of viable interventions that assure optimum service delivery. In view of this background, the Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) directed that research into children’s health challenges in Nigeria should be brought to the front burner in the country. Pursuant to this laudable goal this study was conceived to evaluate the research capacity and capability of paediatricians in Nigeria and the institutions they represent. In view of above needs, this study aimed at evaluating the research capacities and challenges among paediatricians.MethodsThe survey used a cross-sectional nationwide design to enroll paediatricians into the study. The study was a combination of both online and face-to-face survey using questionnaire developed from Research Capacity Assessment Framework. Information on previous research work, challenges encountered, existing capacity and utilization of research outcome were obtained. The SPSS version 20 was used for data entry and analysis. For qualitative variables, similar responses were grouped under thematic heading.ResultsThe response rates for online (via email survey, group-administered in a conference and individual face-to-face (at workshops) were 32 (3.2%), 75 (13.6%) and 15 (60%) respectively. The majority, 87(85.5%) of the participants had conducted prevalence studies, compared to 9 (8.8%) that had done experimental studies. Those who have ever received grant funding for their studies were 21 (19.4%), while the proportion whose research outcome had informed policy update and practice were policy 20 (18.2%). More than 55% of the participants had challenges on some of the seven aspects of research: research topic, proposal, funding, fieldwork, analysis, utilizing findings and collaboration. Less than 40% of the participants had received training on some of the tested 14 research capacity areas except for the area of ethics where 78 (70.9%) reported having received training. For 51 (46.4%) this ethics training included the Good Clinical Practice Guidelines.ConclusionNigerian Academic Paediatricians need to be stimulated to develop interest in research by building their presently low research capacity if future paediatric practice is to be driven significantly by evidence.
Adult literacy organisers in Ireland resisting neoliberalism
Authors: O’Brien Tom 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences and responses of ten adult literacy organisers (ALOs) from Dublin, Wicklow and Kildare to the growing influence of neoliberalism and the commodification of adult literacy as a skill and function of the economy. The research argues for a greater focus on literacy as a social practice concerned with equality and social justice, rooted in emancipatory and transformative adult education.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative research methodology using in-depth unstructured interviews, underpinned by critical realism.

Findings
While the ALOs sampled have developed strategies to resist the impact of neoliberalism, they are also struggling to sustain their resistance and nurture access to emancipatory and transformative adult literacy practices.

Research limitations/implications
The research is limited in size, being a small sample study of ten ALOs.

Practical implications
The research will inform policy discussions in advance of the new further education and training strategy, where adult literacy policy is situated.

Originality/value
The paper gives unique and independent access to the voices of ALOs in Ireland and provides a small example of empirical evidence of the commodification and marketisation of adult literacy under neoliberalism.
Women’s access to supervisory jobs and gender inequality
Authors: Ropero Miguel Angel 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects on the gender wage gap of women’s access to supervisory jobs within each establishment in the Spanish labor market. Previous empirical studies have found that promoting women to supervisory positions has decreased the wage difference between genders among workers beneath them. However, these studies did not take into account the endogeneity problem associated with job choice.

Design/methodology/approach
The author uses a switching model to control for this endogeneity problem under certain assumptions.

Findings
Using matched employer–employee data from a sample of 213,709 workers in the Spanish labor market, the author found that an increase in the proportion of women among supervisors within each establishment significantly widens the wage difference between genders. This study shows that the impact of an increase in women’s power within establishments may well be more limited than other empirical studies suggest.

Originality/value
The author will use the estimated correlations between unobservables to find out whether the most valued skills for being a supervisor and the skills that make a worker more productive in the workplace are substitutes or complements. Additionally, the author breaks down the effects of the gender composition of supervisory jobs on the wage gap into a direct and an indirect effect. The direct effect measures the impact of women’s representation among supervisors on the wage difference between men and women within the same job, whereas the indirect effect measures the impact of more women reaching supervisory posts on the wage gap induced by its impact on each type of gender segregation.
Obamacare in the Trump Era: Where are we Now, and Where are we Going?
Authors: Béland Daniel , Rocco Philip , Waddan Alex 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, better known as Obamacare, is the most significant US social policy reform in half a century, and the most politically fractious. Since the law was signed by President Obama, Republicans have mobilised against it, using courts and state governments to undermine the implementation of the legislation, which was set to unfold gradually over a nine‐year period. As we describe in this article, however, the beginning of the Trump presidency in January 2017 marked a turning point in the politics of Obamacare. In the absence of Obama's veto, legislative retrenchment became a viable option for the first time. Yet, a combination of intra‐party conflict and opposition to repeal from key stakeholders doomed Republicans’ initial efforts. Nevertheless, we discuss several reasons to doubt Obamacare's political stability.
Risk aversion in agricultural water management investments in Northern Ghana: experimental evidence
Authors: Katic Pamela , Ellis Tim 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) is one of the regions in the world most affected by food price volatility and production variability. Poor small‐scale farmers in this region are particularly vulnerable to this variability. As a result, households may be reluctant to adopt new agricultural water management (AWM) technologies when they involve more risk than what they mitigate.Despite risk's role in AWM investments, there have been few attempts to estimate the magnitude and nature of risk aversion in relation to this type of farm decisions. To partially close this gap, this article uses an experimental approach applied to 137 households in Northern Ghana. We find that more than 70% of households are moderately or slightly risk averse. This contrasts with other studies in SSA, where most household decision‐makers exhibit severe to extreme risk aversion.We also find that households that stand to lose as well as gain something from participation in games are less risk averse than households playing gains‐only games. This result suggests that most farmers’ current wealth put them at risk of falling into a poverty trap. Thus, the losses from the riskiest investments on AWM technologies may fall more heavily on the poor, suggesting that additional efforts be given to the creation of viable insurance mechanisms.
3D BASIN MODELLING OF OLIGOCENE – MIOCENE MAIKOP SOURCE ROCKS OFFSHORE ROMANIA AND IN THE WESTERN BLACK SEA
Authors: Olaru R. , Krézsek C. , Rainer T. M. , Ungureanu C. , Turi V. , Ionescu G. , Tari G. 
Published: June 2018

Hydrocarbon discoveries in the Western Black Sea have proved the presence of both thermogenic and biogenic petroleum systems. The presence of Tertiary biomarkers in oils from the Romanian part of the Western Black Sea sub‐basin, and correlation with Oligocene to Lower Miocene black shales, suggests that the thermogenic petroleum system is sourced mainly by the Oligocene – Miocene Maikop Group. Older source rocks may also be present locally in other parts of the sub‐basin, but their contribution is currently poorly understood.This paper presents the results of 3D basin modelling which was intended to evaluate charge models for prospects in the Western Black Sea sourced by the Maikop Group shales. The model is built on the regional‐scale interpretation of recently acquired, long‐offset 2D reflection seismic data, and was calibrated with proprietary and published well, geochemical and temperature data. The sensitivity of the thermal models on source maturity was tested. The basin models investigated two end‐member heat‐flow scenarios, “hot” and “cold”. Whereas the “hot” model more successfully reproduces the field and well data in shelfal areas of the Western Black Sea, the “cold” model is considered to be more valid for deeper‐water areas. Hydrocarbon expulsion maps were calculated for both scenarios at key stratigraphic levels, with preferential migration routes identified.The results of the basin modelling suggest that the most likely source rocks for the oils in accumulations offshore Romania are located in the mid‐Maikop Group (Upper Rupelian? to Chattian). Core data from offshore wells indicate that the source rocks consist of black shales with fair to good oil generation potential (TOC ∼ 0.5 to 4.5%, HI <600 mg/g TOC, and mixed Type II/III kerogen). At the present day, these shales are in the early oil window offshore Romania to the SE of the producing fields, and in the wet gas window further to the east. Hydrocarbon expulsion from the mid‐Maikop interval began during the Middle Miocene, but significant volumes of liquids were generated only in the Late Miocene with the peak of expulsion not yet reached. Charging the accumulations on the Romanian Shelf requires lateral migration along the base‐Oligocene unconformity over distances of about 20–50 km. In addition, hydrocarbons have charged underlying Eocene and Cretaceous reservoir sections by lateral downward migration, filling structural traps and spilling over to higher structural levels. The results highlight the underexplored potential associated with the Maikop Group in the Western Black Sea.
Aspectos da Representação Feminina na História da Arte
Authors: Prado Paola Sayuri 
Published: June 2018

Nossa proposta é tratar sobre alguns temas que abordam questões de gênero a partir de uma óptica voltada aos modos de atuação da mulher na História da Arte. Nesse contexto, a dominação sobre uma minoria aparece de forma atípica: aqui, a figura feminina, subjugada, é exaltada por seu dominador; ela é insumo e parte fundamental para a consolidação de vertentes artísticas diversas, mas a sua atuação é predominantemente passiva. Seguindo por esse caminho, observaremos algumas ideias propostas pelo crítico de Arte John Berger, nas quais o autor versa sobre a existência de uma distinção na presença social e comportamental entre homens e mulheres. Essa distinção, construída socialmente durante eras, se configura com o respaldo na ideia de que as mulheres devem ser submetidas à tutela do homem e que essa deve ser a parte essencial do universo feminino. Como uma reprodução desse pensamento, a mulher, tema principal da pintura a óleo europeia, é retratada como um reflexo das supostas relações de supremacia entre os sexos: ela posa para o homem observador como se estivesse pronta para estar sob sua tutela, exaltando a sexualidade masculina e camuflando a sua para melhor servi-lo. Interessa-nos também apresentar, brevemente, intervenções das Guerrilla Girls e da atuação das sufragistas por trás de “Elementos de Beleza”; dois grupos formados por mulheres que, apesar de atuarem em épocas e de formas distintas, exemplificam a mobilização feminina gerada como uma forma de reação ao establishment artístico abordado por Berger.
Tradições abandonadas: revisitando “O Povo”, de Jules Michelet
Authors: Martins Luís Henrique Alves Cordeiro , Lopes Frank Rudiger , Carvalho Erick Caixeta , Yoshimatu Pedro Mitsugui Vidal 
Published: June 2018

No presente artigo, trabalhamos com O Povo de Jules Michelet, estudando as suas perspectivas históricas, sua metodologia, e as relações com o período de formação da história como disciplina, no século XIX. Para compreender o pensamento do autor, descartamos uma concepção anterior do historiador como positivista, analisando seu pensamento pela sua obra e alguns trabalhos relacionados às suas concepções teóricas da história. Operação feita por meio da análise da obra de Giambattista Vico, Scienza Nuova (Nova Ciência), pensador italiano do século XVIII que trabalhou com a construção de uma nova forma de estudar a ciência do homem, em oposição ao método experimentalista de Descartes e Newton. Assim, apresentando uma proposta de análise cultural, de estudos dos povos e costumes. No trabalho, avaliamos a presença de Vico em Michelet, além de considerar de que forma as ideias do pensador italiano constituíram-se no pensamento do historiador francês; hipótese motivada pelo fato de Michelet ter traduzido a obra de Vico para o francês, tendo, portanto, estudado e conhecido extensamente a concepção histórica do italiano. Também consideramos outros elementos do momento histórico da criação de O Povo, como entendimentos de “povo” do pensamento alemão, o Volksgeist (Espírito do Povo), além de ideias possivelmente românticas e patrióticas, como nas ideias de “França e Anti-França”. Desse modo, revisitando Michelet como mais do que simplesmente um “positivista”, mas um pensador dentro de seu tempo que também foi original e possuiu outros métodos e enfoques que o distanciaram e o tornaram um historiador bastante particular no século XIX.
Overcoming Geographic Penalties of Inequality
Authors: Sanders Scott R. , Muir Jonathan A. , Brown Ralph B. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Geographic isolation and spatial inequality are growing issues for most countries. However, distance-demolishing technologies have been proposed as a solution of overcoming geographic barriers associated with geographic penalties. This research uses the rapid and widespread adoption of inexpensive motorcycles in Vietnam as a case study of how distance-demolishing technologies can improve household well-being. Utilising panel data from the 2004, 2006 and 2008 Vietnamese Household Living Standard Surveys, this research uses propensity score matching to isolate the effect that the introduction of a motorcycle has on household income. Our results show that new motorcycle ownership reduces spatial isolation penalties and significantly improves household well-being in Vietnam. In addition, marginalised populations, such as female-headed households and rural households, receive relatively larger returns from a new motorcycle. Our findings suggest that distance-demolishing technologies can contribute to the reduction of spatial inequality by helping households overcome both geographic and social barriers.
Voices of Young Women in Interfaith Marriages
Authors: Bhatoo Sumayyah , Bhowon Uma 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This qualitative study captures the experiences of young women in an interfaith marriage, in a social context where ethnic/religious identity is not contested or threatened. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten women to understand through narrative the conflicts and challenges they experience and how they cope with them. Narratives explored not only the present difficulties in the lives of women in interfaith marriages, but also the past experiences. It is under this framework that the cultural/religious transition of these women were studied. The collective experiences of these women were organised under six main themes: role of religion, views on being associated with another religion, initiation of interfaith relationships, problems and conflicts experienced, reactions of in-laws, peers and society and coping and adaptation. Results suggest that although these women experience challenges, such as rejections, threats to identity and discrimination, the multicultural context of Mauritius facilitates integration of conflicting religious identities.
Exploring the Role of Taste in Middle-Class Household Practices
Authors: Sahakian Marlyne , Saloma Czarina , Ganguly Sunayana 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Food consumption patterns and practices are undergoing changes in the mega-cities of South and Southeast Asia. Based on a qualitative, comparative case study, this article examines food consumption practices among middle-class households in Bangalore and Metro Manila. We demonstrate how taste preferences, shaped by and shaping food consumption practices, directly relate to increases in meat consumption, food packaging and household food waste—all areas of environmental significance. Taste preferences, which evolved over time, are explained through three inter-related dimensions: (a) the competencies involved in preparing food or eating out; (b) the material dimension of consumption, or products available in sites of food consumption; and (c) the different meanings attached to what makes for a tasty meal. The differences and similarities in food consumption practices between each research site provide insights into how food consumption practices might shift towards more sustainable pathways in Bangalore and Metro Manila, and in similar settings.
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus adjuvant chemotherapy for R1 resected gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhou Meng-long , Li Gui-chao , Yang Wang , Deng Wei-juan , Hu Ran , Wang Yan , Long Zi-wen , Liu Xiao-wen , Wang Ya-nong , Zhang Zhen 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and adjuvant chemotherapy (ChT) on the survival of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) patients treated with R1 resection.

Methods:
The patients with LAGC and microscopically positive margins after a potentially curative gastrectomy in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre were retrospectively identified. The patients who were referred to our hospital for adjuvant CRT after an R1 resection elsewhere were also included. The patients were divided into either the CRT group or ChT group according to the treatment strategy. We, then, examined the patient survival results and patterns of recurrence for each group.

Results:
There were 114 LAGC patients treated with an R1 resection identified (CRT, n = 33; ChT, n = 81). The baseline characteristics between the two groups were not different. The estimated 3 year recurrence-free survival and overall survival in the CRT and ChT groups were 45.1% vs 31.8% (p = 0.09) and 49.6% vs 39.4% (p = 0.20), respectively. The results indicated that only nodal status was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 4.04, 95% confidence interval 2.06–7.93). The risk of locoregional recurrence was increased in the ChT group. The subgroup analysis revealed that patients with pN0–2 GC showed a better recurrence-free survival due to adjuvant CRT (hazard ratio 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.04–0.90; p = 0.022).

Conclusion:
Adjuvant CRT improves locoregional control and may benefit patients with pN0-2 GC after R1 resection. The nodal status may be the most important predictor for patient selection.

Advances in knowledge:
Nodal status may be the most important predictor for patient selection. Compared with adjuvant ChT, LAGC patients with pN0-2 disease may further benefit from additional radiotherapy after R1 resection.
Literary dance: A personal reflection about two dancers in Zagreb in the eighties
Authors: Šimunić Katja 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A personal account of one segment of the Zagreb dance scene of the 1980s, on the example of a choreographic collaboration between Blaženka Kovač Carić and Snježana Abramović Milković, iconic dancers from the 1980s Zagreb dance scene, on the pieces Attic (1984) and Angel Hair (1986), produced by Zagreb Dance Company.