bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Necessity of the Work of Art
Authors: Eged Dalma 
Published: December 2018

For Deleuze in What is Philosophy (1991) art is differentiated both from philosophy and science through the concept of the possible. According to Deleuze’s model, all three areas produce alternate possible versions of life, but while philosophy is related to life through virtuality and science through actuality, art is related to life through possibility. Ronald Bogue in his article titled “The Art of the Possible” (2007) expands on Deleuze’s approach and claims that Deleuze’s concept “the possible” is a category on the same level as “the virtual” and “the actual.” The article claims that contrary to Bogue’s view, in art the possible is not so much a feature but rather a condition of art for Deleuze, because in Deleuze’s model art is featured most importantly by necessity.
Keywords: Deleuze, philosophy, science, art, the possible, art as necessity
Művészet és praxis
Authors: Czeglédi András 
Published: December 2018

A tematikus szám az európai művészetbölcselet patinás múltra visszatekintő, egyben jelentős kortárs téttel bíró problémájához kapcsolódik: művészet és praxis viszonyán töprengenek el az egyes tanulmányok.
E viszony legalább négy lényegi aspektusára világítanak rá a szerzők. Egyfelől a műalkotások ontológiájára, másfelől arra az episztemikus gyakorlatra, amelynek révén műalkotásokat műalkotásokként ismerünk föl, harmadrészt arra a közösségi-társadalmi praxisra, amely egyáltalán műalkotásokat eredményez, s negyedrészt a gyakorló alkotók és a művészi gyakorlat (ön)értelmezésére.
Értelem és érzelem: megjegyzések Husserl és Heidegger érzelem-elméletéhez
Authors: Marosán Bence Péter 
Published: December 2018

A tanulmányban Edmund Husserl és Martin Heidegger érzelemelméletének bizonyos hasonlóságait és különbségeit szeretném megvizsgálni. Első pillantásra úgy tűnik, hogy Heideggernél az érzelem, illetve a hangoltságként értett hangulat, jóval fontosabb szerepet tölt be, mint Husserlnél. Heideggernél az érzelem, a hangoltság, a gondolkodás és a nyelv mellett, azon egzisztenciális alapmódok közé tartozik, melyek együttesen értelmezik, feltárják az ember számára a világot. A közelebbi vizsgálat azt mutatja, hogy Husserlnél is meghökkentően hasonló funkcióval bír a hangulat – már Heidegger előtt is, a publikálatlan kutatási kéziratokban.
Szeretném megmutatni azt a bonyolult utat, amit az érzelmek (illetve a hangulat) felfogása a két szerzőnél bejárt; illetve a két szerző nyomán szeretnék rámutatni arra az alapvető szerepre, amit az érzelem a teoretikus és a teória előtti, hétköznapi tapasztalat szempontjából betölt.
Áramlatok és uszadékfák – Schmal Dániel: Az elme filozófiája a kora újkorban. A test-lélek probléma
Authors: Tóth Olivér István 
Published: December 2018

Recenzió Schmal Dániel: Az elme filozófiája a kora újkorban. A test–lélek probléma című könyvéről.
Schmal Dániel: Az elme filozófiája a kora újkorban. A test–lélek probléma. Budapest, Gondolat Kiadó, 2015.
Pravastatin attenuates testicular damage induced by doxorubicin – a stereological and histopatological study
Authors: Farsani Bahram Eslami , Karimi Samaneh , Mansouri Esrafil 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of pravastatin (PS) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced testicular toxicity.

Methods
A total of 24 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups. Group I received normal saline, Group II received PS (20 mg/kg b.w.) by gavage, Group III was treated with DOX alone (15 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and Group IV received the combination of DOX and PS.

Results
After 8 weeks, the results displayed that DOX caused a decrease in testicular volume and index, epididymal sperm count, seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelium. DOX also reduced the number of spermatogonia, spermatoctyes and Sertoli cells as well as increased the lumen diameter of seminiferous tubules (p<0.05) and the incidence of histopathological changes of the testis. Moreover, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and declined glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed (p<0.05). On the contrary, PS treatment significantly ameliorated nearly all of these abnormalities (p<0.05).

Conclusions
PS protects against DOX-induced testicular toxicity in rats, which is likely via the inhibition of oxidative stress and the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity.
Using reliable predator identification to investigate feeding habits of Neotropical carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora) in a deforestation frontier of the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Tirelli Flávia P. , de Freitas Thales R.O. , Michalski Fernanda , Percequillo Alexandre R. , Eizirik Eduardo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Accurate identification of predator species is a critical requirement to investigate their diet using faecal samples. We used non-invasive sampling and two methods of predator identification to investigate the diets of sympatric carnivores in a highly deforested region of the Brazilian Amazon. Of 108 scats, 81 could be identified at the species level using DNA sequencing and/or trichology. The former performed better than the latter (81.5% vs. 54.3% of the identified samples), and results were quite congruent (89.7% concordance in the 29 samples that could be assessed with both approaches). Nine species were identified, out of which four (crab-eating fox, ocelot, puma and jaguar) presented a sufficient number of samples to allow dietary analyses. The crab-eating fox was the most generalist (BA=0.92); ocelots focused on small- to medium-sized prey; pumas fed mostly on medium-sized items; and jaguars mostly targeted large-sized prey. A considerable overlap was observed between ocelots and pumas in all estimations (O=0.47–0.83). The presence of jaguars in the same region could be driving pumas to select medium- and small-sized prey. The results of this study highlight the importance of reliable predator identification and the need for in-depth ecological studies in areas where carnivore species are sympatric.
Crystal structure of (2,2′-bipyridine-κ
2
N,N′)bis(4-(dimethylamino)phenyldiphenylphosphane-κP)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate, C50H48BCuF4N4P2
Authors: Fazal Atif , Fettouhi Mohammed 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
C50H48BCuF4N4P2, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 24.166(2) Å, b = 19.5652(18) Å, c = 9.6477(9) Å, Z = 4, V = 4561.6(7) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0494, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1546, T = 298 K.
Can SCUBE1 be used to predict the early diagnosis, lesion volume and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke?
Authors: Bolayir Asli , Gokce Seyda Figul , Cigdem Burhanettin , Bolayir Hasan Ata , Gulunay Aydin , Celik Veysel Kenan , Kapancik Serkan , Yildiz Özlem Kayim 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
SCUBE1 [signal peptide-CUB (complement C1r/C1 s)-EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like domain-containing protein 1] is a novel biochemical marker. SCUBE1 is thought to play roles both in platelet activation and inflammation, which are important stages for the development of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).The purpose of our study was to determine the diagnostic and prognostic values and temporal change of plasma SCUBE1 levels in AIS patients.

Materials and methods
Thirty-five patients diagnosed with AIS at the Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine Neurology Department, between June and December 2017, and a control group of 35 healthy volunteers were included.

Results
Median first day SCUBE1 value in the patient group was 97.51 ng/mL, and the median 7th day SCUBE1 value was 32.72 ng/mL. Median control group SCUBE1 value was 27.51 ng/mL. The first day SCUBE1 levels were significantly higher than the 7th day and the control group SCUBE1 levels (p=0.001, p<0.001, respectively). The ROC analysis showed that SCUBE1 levels above 68.8 ng/mL can be used as an indicator with high sensitivity and specificity for AIS diagnosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the first day SCUBE1 had significant independent effects on development of AIS. In correlation analysis, plasma SCUBE1 levels showed a significantly positive correlation with lesion volume, NIHSS and MRS values (p<0.01).

Conclusion
First day plasma SCUBE1 values in AIS patients rised at significant levels compared to the control group. SCUBE1 could use both in the early diagnosis and prediction of prognosis and lesion volume of AIS patients.
Das Doppelperfekt – (K)eine neue Tempusform? Zum Einfluss adjektivischer Partizipien auf doppelte Perfektkonstruktionen
Authors: Postler Caroline 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This essay deals with double perfect constructions in conceptually written contexts. It pursues two goals. First, the spreading mechanisms of double perfect constructions are to be investigated. Analogy to adjective participle forms is one mechanism of several, which can be responsible for the occurrence in double perfect constructions. I will show that the frequency of occurrence as adjectival participle correlates with the occurrence of the same participle in a double perfect construction. A corpus analysis was performed for this purpose. If a participle frequently occurs as an adjective, it partially loses its verbal properties and approaches an adjective status. This can promote the addition of ‘gewesen’/‘gehabt’ to indicate a past tense implication. The proximity of these participles to the adjectival status is also shown by their occurrence in adjectival configurations (e. g. inflected, affixation with ‘un-‘). In addition, the question is examined whether the double perfect is a new tense. I would like to illustrate that the double perfect forms with ‘gewesen’ are mostly to be interpreted adjectivally and are not a new tense. The double forms with ‘gehabt’ can theoretically be true double perfect constructions, but depending on the context they can also be analyzed adjectivally.
Crystal structures and FT-IR spectra of three N,N-dicyclohexylmethylammonium halides C13H26N+
X
− (X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Fäth Sebastian , Vilsmeier Max , Pfitzner Arno 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The title compounds C13H26N+Cl− (N,N-dicyclohexylmethylammonium chloride), C13H26N+Br− (N,N- dicyclohexylmethylammonium bromide) and C13H26N+I− (N,N-dicyclohexylmethylammonium iodide) are isostructural and crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pna21 with the lattice parameters a=7.580(1), b=19.072(1), c=9.165(1) Å, V=1324.9(1) Å3 for X=Cl, a=7.765(1), b=19.054(1), c=9.270(1) Å, V=1371.5(1) Å3 for X=Br, and a=8.102(1), b=19.084(1), c=9.535(1) Å, V=1474.2(1) Å3 for X=I with Z=4 for each compound. Their cyclohexyl groups are aligned along [010] while their halide ions are coordinated along [100] by a strong linear N–H···X (X=Cl, Br, I) hydrogen bond. Fourier-transform infrared spectra show a decreasing hydrogen bond acceptor strength from the chloride to the iodide.
Chancen und Grenzen der Kompetenzorientierung in Religionsunterricht und Religionslehrerbildung
Authors: Cramer Colin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article analyzes the potentials and limitations of measuring competences in religious education and religion teacher education. Therefore the general educational discourse on competence orientation is recapitulated and its specific potentials are shown. Then how this discourse has found its way into the discussion on religious education and religion teacher education is summarized. Against the background of the specifics of the discourse on religious education the potentials and challenges of the competence orientation which may arise from a general educational perspective on the field of religious education are discussed. In conclusion, competence orientation can be considered as necessary but not as sufficient for religious education and religion teacher education.
Experience-Dependent Intrinsic Plasticity During Auditory Learning
Authors: Ross Matthew T. , Flores Diana , Bertram Richard , Johnson Frank , Wu Wei , Hyson Richard L. 
Published: December 2018

Song learning in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) requires exposure to the song of a tutor, resulting in an auditory memory. This memory is the foundation for later sensorimotor learning, resulting in the production of a copy of the tutor's song. The cortical premotor nucleus HVC (proper name) is necessary for auditory and sensorimotor learning as well as the eventual production of adult song. We recently discovered that the intrinsic physiology of HVC neurons changes across stages of song learning, but are those changes the result of learning or are they experience-independent developmental changes? To test the role of auditory experience in driving intrinsic changes, patch-clamp experiments were performed comparing HVC neurons in juvenile birds with varying amounts of tutor exposure. The intrinsic physiology of HVC neurons changed as a function of tutor exposure. Counterintuitively, tutor deprivation resulted in juvenile HVC neurons showing an adult-like phenotype not present in tutor-exposed juveniles. Biophysical models were developed to predict which ion channels were modulated by experience. The models indicate that tutor exposure transiently suppressed theIhand T-type Ca2+currents in HVC neurons that target the basal ganglia, whereas tutor exposure increased the resting membrane potential and decreased the spike amplitude in HVC neurons that drive singing. Our findings suggest that intrinsic plasticity may be part of the mechanism for auditory learning in the HVC. More broadly, models of learning and memory should consider intrinsic plasticity as a possible mechanism by which the nervous system encodes the lasting effects of experience.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is well established that learning involves plasticity of the synapses between neurons. However, the activity of a neural circuit can also be dramatically altered by changes in the intrinsic properties (ion channels) of the component neurons. The present experiments show experience-dependent changes in the intrinsic physiology of neurons in the cortical premotor nucleus HVC (proper name) in juvenile zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) during auditory learning of a tutor's song. Tutor deprivation does not “arrest” development of intrinsic properties, but rather results in neurons with a premature adult-like physiological phenotype. It is possible that auditory learning involves a form of nonsynaptic plasticity and that experience-dependent suppression of specific ion channels may work in concert with synaptic plasticity to promote vocal learning.
The Role of Meaning in Visual Memory: Face-Selective Brain Activity Predicts Memory for Ambiguous Face Stimuli
Authors: Brady Timothy F. , Alvarez George A. , Störmer Viola S. 
Published: December 2018

How people process images is known to affect memory for those images, but these effects have typically been studied using explicit task instructions to vary encoding. Here, we investigate the effects of intrinsic variation in processing on subsequent memory, testing whether recognizing an ambiguous stimulus as meaningful (as a face vs as shape blobs) predicts subsequent visual memory even when matching the perceptual features and the encoding strategy between subsequently remembered and subsequently forgotten items. We show in adult humans of either sex that single trial EEG activity can predict whether participants will subsequently remember an ambiguous Mooney face image (e.g., an image that will sometimes be seen as a face and sometimes not be seen as a face). In addition, we show that a classifier trained only to discriminate between whether participants perceive a face versus non-face can generalize to predict whether an ambiguous image is subsequently remembered. Furthermore, when we examine the N170, an event-related potential index of face processing, we find that images that elicit larger N170s are more likely to be remembered than those that elicit smaller N170s, even when the exact same image elicited larger or smaller N170s across participants. Thus, images processed as meaningful, in this case as a face, during encoding are better remembered than identical images that are not processed as a face. This provides strong evidence that understanding the meaning of a stimulus during encoding plays a critical role in visual memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIs visual memory inherently visual or does meaning and other conceptual information necessarily play a role even in memory for detailed visual information? Here we show that it is easier to remember an image when it is processed in a meaningful way, as indexed by the amount of category-specific brain activity it elicits. In particular, we use single-trial EEG activity to predict whether an image will be subsequently remembered, and show that the main driver of this prediction ability is whether or not an image is seen as meaningful or non-meaningful. This shows that the extent to which an image is processed as meaningful can be used to predict subsequent memory even when controlling for perceptual factors and encoding strategies that typically differ across images.
Insurance Mandates and Out-of-Pocket Spending for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Candon Molly K. , Barry Colleen L. , Marcus Steven C. , Epstein Andrew J. , Kennedy-Hendricks Alene , Xie Ming , Mandell David S. 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND:
The health care costs associated with treating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children can be substantial. State-level mandates that require insurers to cover ASD-specific services may lessen the financial burden families face by shifting health care spending to insurers.

METHODS:
We estimated the effects of ASD mandates on out-of-pocket spending, insurer spending, and the share of total spending paid out of pocket for ASD-specific services. We used administrative claims data from 2008 to 2012 from 3 commercial insurers, and took a difference-in-differences approach in which children who were subject to mandates were compared with children who were not. Because mandates have heterogeneous effects based on the extent of children’s service use, we performed subsample analyses by calculating quintiles based on average monthly total spending on ASD-specific services. The sample included 106 977 children with ASD across 50 states.

RESULTS:
Mandates increased out-of-pocket spending but decreased the share of spending paid out of pocket for ASD-specific services on average. The effects were driven largely by children in the highest-spending quintile, who experienced an average increase of $35 per month in out-of-pocket spending (P &lt; .001) and a 4 percentage point decline in the share of spending paid out of pocket (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
ASD mandates shifted health care spending for ASD-specific services from families to insurers. However, families in the highest-spending quintile still spent an average of &gt;$200 per month out of pocket on these services. To help ease their financial burden, policies in which children with higher service use are targeted may be warranted.
Acute Moraxella catarrhalis airway infection of chronically smoke-exposed mice increases mechanisms of emphysema development: A pilot study
Authors: Fischer Katja , Doehn Jan-Moritz , Herr Christian , Lachner Carolin , Heinrich Annina , Kershaw Olivia , Voss Meike , Jacobson Max H. , Gruber Achim D. , Clauss Matthias , Witzenrath Martin , Bals Robert , Gutbier Birgitt , Slevogt Hortense 
Published: December 2018

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute exacerbations and emphysema development are characteristics for disease pathology. COPD is complicated by infectious exacerbations with acute worsening of respiratory symptoms with Moraxella catarrhalis as one of the most frequent pathogens. Although cigarette smoke (CS) is the primary risk factor, additional molecular mechanisms for emphysema development induced by bacterial infections are incompletely understood. We investigated the impact of M. catarrhalis on emphysema development in CS exposed mice and asked whether an additional infection would induce a solubilization of pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory endothelial monocyte-activating-protein-2 (EMAPII) to exert its activities in the pulmonary microvasculature and other parts of the lungs not exposed directly to CS.
Mice were exposed to smoke (6 or 9 months) and/or infected with M. catarrhalis. Lungs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and plasma were analyzed.
CS exposure reduced ciliated area, caused rarefaction of the lungs, and induced apoptosis. EMAPII was increased independent of prior smoke exposure in BALF of infected mice. Importantly, acute M. catarrhalis infection increased release of matrixmetalloproteases-9 and -12, which are involved in emphysema development and comprise a mechanism of EMAPII release.
Our data suggest that acute M. catarrhalis infection represents an independent risk factor for emphysema development in smoke-exposed mice.
Capsular Type, Sequence Type and Microbial Resistance Factors Impact on DNase Activity of Streptococcus agalactiae Strains from Human and Bovine Origin
Authors: Florindo Carlos , Barroco Cinthia Alves , Silvestre Inês , Damião Vera , Gomes João Paulo , Spellerberg Barbara , Santos-Sanches Ilda , Borrego Maria José 
Published: December 2018

Extracellular deoxyribonucleases (DNases) contribute to the spread of pathogenic bacteria through the evasion from host innate immunity. Our main objective was to evaluate the production of extracellular DNases by human and bovine Streptococcus agalactiae clinical strains and perform a correlation of genetic lineages and DNase activity with capsular type, genetic determinants, clinical origin (colonization and infection), and host (human or bovine). DNase activity was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative assays for a collection of 406 human (n = 285) and bovine (n = 121) strains. All (121/121) bovine were isolated from mastitis and revealed to be DNase (+), indicating a putative pathogenic role in this clinical scenario. From the human S. agalactiae strains, 86% (245/285) showed DNase activity, among which all strains belonging to capsular types, namely, Ia, Ib, III-2, and IV. All CC17 strains (n = 58) and 56/96 (58.3%) of the CC19 displayed DNase activity. DNase (−) strains belonged to the CC19 group. However, the subcharacterization of CC19 S. agalactiae strains through multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), antibiotic resistance, mobile elements, and surface proteins did not provide any distinction among DNase producers and non-producers.
The production of DNases by all human CC17 strains, about two-fifths of human CC19, and all bovine strains, suggest an important contribution of DNases to hypervirulence.
Lipomeningocele associated with diplomyelia in a dog
Authors: Ondreka Nele , Malberg Sara , Laws Emma , Schmidt Martin , Schulze Sabine 
Published: December 2018

SummaryA 2-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog with a body weight of 30 kg was presented for evaluation of a soft subcutaneous mass on the dorsal midline at the level of the caudal thoracic spine. A further clinical sign was intermittent pain on palpation of the area of the subcutaneous mass. The owner also described a prolonged phase of urination with repeated interruption and re-initiation of voiding. The findings of the neurological examination were consistent with a lesion localization between the 3rd thoracic and 3rd lumbar spinal cord segments. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spina bifida with a lipomeningocele and diplomyelia (split cord malformation type I) at the level of thoracic vertebra 11 and 12 and secondary syringomyelia above the aforementioned defects in the caudal thoracic spinal cord. Surgical resection of the lipomeningocele via a hemilaminectomy was performed. After initial deterioration of the neurological status postsurgery with paraplegia and absent deep pain sensation the dog improved within 2 weeks to non-ambulatory paraparesis with voluntary urination. Six weeks postoperatively the dog was ambulatory, according to the owner. Two years after surgery the owner recorded that the dog showed a normal gait, a normal urination and no pain. Histopathological diagnosis of the biopsied material revealed a lipomeningocele which confirmed the radiological diagnosis.