bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of amino acid neurotransmitters: the synaptic disorder underlying inherited metabolic diseases
Authors: Kölker Stefan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAmino acids are involved in various metabolic pathways and some of them also act as neurotransmitters. Since biosynthesis of l‐glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) requires 2‐oxoglutarate while 3‐phosphoglycerate is the precursor of l‐glycine and d‐serine, evolutionary selection of these amino acid neurotransmitters might have been driven by their capacity to provide important information about the glycolytic pathway and Krebs cycle. Synthesis and recycling of amino acid neurotransmitters as well as composition and function of their receptors are often compromised in inherited metabolic diseases. For instance, increased plasma l‐phenylalanine concentrations impair cerebral biosynthesis of protein and bioamines in phenylketonuria, while elevated cerebral l‐phenylalanine directly acts via ionotropic glutamate receptors. In succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, the neurotransmitter GABA and neuromodulatory γ‐hydroxybutyric acid are elevated. Chronic hyperGABAergic state results in progressive downregulation of GABAA and GABAB receptors and impaired mitophagy. In glycine encephalopathy, the neurological phenotype is precipitated by l‐glycine acting both via cortical NMDA receptors and glycine receptors in spinal cord and brain stem neurons. Serine deficiency syndromes are biochemically characterized by decreased biosynthesis of l‐serine, an important neurotrophic factor, and the neurotransmitters d‐serine and l‐glycine. Supplementation with l‐serine and l‐glycine has a positive effect on seizure frequency and spasticity, while neurocognitive development can only be improved if treatment starts in utero or immediately postnatally. With novel techniques, the study of synaptic dysfunction in inherited metabolic diseases has become an emerging research field. More and better therapies are needed for these difficult‐to‐treat diseases.
A Cause-of-Death Decomposition of Young Adult Excess Mortality
Authors: Remund Adrien , Camarda Carlo G. , Riffe Tim 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe propose a method to decompose the young adult mortality hump by cause of death. This method is based on a flexible shape decomposition of mortality rates that separates cause-of-death contributions to the hump from senescent mortality. We apply the method to U.S. males and females from 1959 to 2015. Results show divergence between time trends of hump and observed deaths, both for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The study of the hump shape reveals age, period, and cohort effects, suggesting that it is formed by a complex combination of different forces of biological and socioeconomic nature. Male and female humps share some traits in all-cause shape and trend, but they also differ by their overall magnitude and cause-specific contributions. Notably, among males, the contributions of traffic and other accidents were progressively replaced by those of suicides, homicides, and poisonings; among females, traffic accidents remained the major contributor to the hump.
Framing effects on bribery behaviour: experimental evidence from China and Uganda
Authors: Gaggero Alessio , Appleton Simon , Song Lina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study we investigate the effect of framing on bribery behaviour. To do this, we replicate Barr and Serra (Exp Econ, 12(4):488–503, (2009) and carry out a simple one-shot bribery game that mimics corruption. In one treatment, we presented the experiment in a framed version, in which wording was embedded with social context; in the other, we removed the social context and presented the game in a neutral manner. The contribution of this paper is that it offers a comparison of framing effects in two highly corrupt countries: China and Uganda. Our results provide evidence of strong and significant framing effects for Uganda, but not for China.
Utilizing a Sedation Decision Aid in Ambulatory Venous Access Device Placement: Effects on Patient Choice, Workup, and Recovery Time
Authors: Chittle Melissa D. , McIntyre Erin , Lotti Judy Borsody , Saltalamacchia Catherine , Sheridan Robert M. , Mueller Peter R. , Sepucha Karen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the influence of using a sedation decision aid when selecting a sedation option for totally implantable vascular access device placement on patient choice, workup, and recovery time. An institutional review board-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, retrospective study of 76 patients (aged 23–89 years, 58% female) presenting to a vascular interventional radiology department between January 2, 2017, and May 5, 2017. Patients were given a decision aid that inquired about personal values and goals, and provided information about expectations; benefits; and risks of the options, including undergoing the procedure with no sedation (local anesthetic), minimal sedation (anxiolysis with a benzodiazepine), or moderate sedation (benzodiazepine and opiate). No sedation was selected by 15 out of 76 patients (19.7%), minimal sedation was selected by 26 out of 76 patients (34.2%), and moderate sedation was selected by 34 out of 76 patients (44.7%). Postprocedure recovery time differences were significant (P &lt; .001) with a mean of 17.4 minutes for no sedation, 49.3 minutes for minimal sedation, and 70.8 minutes for moderate sedation. The use of a decision aid did not slow down the process because workup times were not significantly different: 15.9 minutes for no sedation, 22.1 minutes for minimal sedation, and 18.4 minutes for moderate sedation. Patient sedation preference for totally implantable vascular access device is variable, signifying there is a role for utilizing a decision aid because it empowers a patient to select the option most aligned with his or her goals. Influence on departmental flow is notable because this does not slow down the workup and a majority of patients choose no or minimal sedation, resulting in a decreased postprocedure recovery time burden.
Neonatal and Pediatric Pressure Injuries Secondary to Limb Splinting for Intravascular Access: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Sweeney Kyrie A. , Cogill Kate , Davis Katrina , Jauncey-Cooke Jacqueline I. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Aim: This review aims to present a case series on pressure injury (PI) formation secondary to limb-splinting for preservation of peripheral intravascular catheter (PIVC) access in neonatal and pediatric patients. A literature review was undertaken to analyze the existing knowledge base on this phenomenon.
Background: Medical devices and attachments are considered a risk factor for PI development in neonates, infants, and children. Three cases of PI formation caused by contact with limb boards used to preserve PIVC access were identified in an Australian tertiary pediatric facility during 2016.
Methods: A literature search was conducted during December 2017 using the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Excerpta Medica database, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. Keywords used were pressure injury(ies), pressure ulcer, pressure ulcers, decubitus ulcer, and decubitus ulcers. Articles were excluded if published before 2006, patients were adolescents or adults, and if injuries were not caused by PIVC-associated limb-splinting. Patients included in the case series were identified through screening of admissions in one ward of a tertiary paediatric hospital.
Results: Five low-quality studies were included in the literature review. Three children were included in the case series. Each child acquired a PI subsequent to limb-splinting and taping adjacent to a PIVC. Hydration, nutritional state, and oxygenation did not appear to contribute to PI development in these cases.
Conclusions: There is a gap in the evidence base pertaining to PIVC splinting and its involvement with PI formation in neonates, infants, and children. The existing literature provides low-quality evidence this problem exists; thus, further research is recommended.
Effectiveness evaluation of fighter using fuzzy Bayes risk weighting method
Authors: Suo M. , Li S. , Chen Y. , Zhang Z. , Zhu B. , An R. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTMultiple Attribute Decision Analysis (MADA), known to be simple and convenient, is one of the most commonly used methods for Effectiveness Evaluation of Fighter (EEF), in which the attribute weight assignment plays a key role. Generally, there are two parts in the index system of MADA, i.e. performance index and decision index (or label), which denote the specific performance and the category of the object, respectively. In some index systems of EEF, the labels can be easily obtained, which are presented as the generations of fighters. However, the existing methods of attribute weight determination usually ignore or do not take full advantage of the supervisory function of labels. To make up for this deficiency, this paper develops an objective method based on fuzzy Bayes risk. In this method, a loss function model based on Gaussian kernel function is proposed to cope with the drawback that the loss function in Bayes risk is usually determined by experts. In order to evaluate the credibility of assigned weights, a longitudinal deviation and transverse residual correlation coefficient model is designed. Finally, a number of experiments, including the comparison experiments on University of California Irvine (UCI) data and EEF, are carried out to illustrate the superiority and applicability of the proposed method.
Parametric analysis of composite sinusoidal specimens under quasi-static crushing
Authors: Mou H. L. , Su X. , Xie J. , Feng Z. Y. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to build the finite element model of the composite sinusoidal specimens and to carry out the parametric analysis. In this paper, the damage behaviour and the energy-absorbing results of composite sinusoidal specimens have been studied by quasi-static crushing experiments. The failure mechanisms of specimens under quasi-static crushing is further analysed. A numerical simulation has been performed by using the finite element model code LS-DYNA. The numerical results, in terms of load -displacement data, have been compared against experimental data, and good agreement has been found. Moreover, a sensitivity study has been carried out by varying material properties in order to assess their influence on the numerical results, and the material parameter selection scheme is optimised based on the constructed corresponding response surfaces. The results show that the response surface model has passed the test of goodness of fit, and the optimisation method can effectively assist the finite element modelling, and greatly decrease the numbers of trial and error.
Words and Things and “The Kuba Miracle”
Authors: Kriger Colleen E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:The essay revisits Vansina’s work on the Kuba kingdom, drawing together art historical, historical linguistic, written documents, and oral sources. It argues that Vansina’s eclectic methodology fostered continual revision to his historical conclusions as new material in one of those threads forced rethinking interpretations of the others. Vansina’s captions to images of material forms from Kuba exemplify skilled compression while figuring African audiences, artisans, and owners of objects with humor and respect.
The Economic Cost of Noxious Weeds on Montana Grazing Lands
Authors: Mangold Jane M. , Fuller Kate B. , Davis Stacy C. , Rinella Matthew J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe distributed a 16-question survey concerning noxious weed abundance, impacts, and management to livestock producers grazing on privately owned or leased grazing lands in Montana. The noxious weeds most commonly reported as being present on respondents’ grazing units were Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] (64% of grazing units) and leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) (45% of grazing units), and these species also reportedly caused the greatest reductions in livestock forage. Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale L.) was more prevalent than either spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe L.) or diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.) (39% vs. 32% and 10%, respectively, of grazing units), but collectively C. stoebe and C. diffusa were reported to cause greater forage reductions than C. officinale. The top three strategies used to manage noxious weeds were chemical control, grazing, and biological control. Combining survey responses with forage-loss models derived from field data for C. stoebe and E. esula, we estimated the combined cost of noxious weed management and forage losses on privately owned rangeland to be $3.54 ha−1 yr−1, or $7,243 annually for an average size grazing unit (i.e., 2,046 ha [5,055 ac]). Our estimates of economic losses are lower than many estimates from previous studies, possibly because we focused only on direct costs related to private grazing land, while other studies often consider indirect impacts. Nonetheless, our estimates are substantial; for example, our estimated loss equates to 24% of the average per-hectare lease rate for Montana grazing land.
Asymptotic analysis of flow near a glacier terminus
Authors: MORLAND L. W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe non-linearly viscous ice flow in the vicinity of a glacier terminus, an observation region, depends crucially on the upstream flow as well as on the local surface and bed conditions. The former requires a likely complex solution of the balance laws and boundary conditions for the complete glacier. However, if the profile and downstream surface tangential velocity in the observation region are measured at an observation time t = 0, and a two-dimensional flow approximation is satisfactory, the complete stress and velocity fields satisfying local reduced model equations in the observation region at time t = 0 can be determined by asymptotic expansions in upstream distance from the (moving) terminus. Thus the full strain-rate and stress tensors are determined without prescribing the basal conditions. The terminus velocity is determined in terms of the net accumulation or melt flux and surface velocity at the terminus, with bounds for advance or retreat. The analysis and illustration are presented for a plane flow approximation.
‘Smugglers of Truth’: The Indian diaspora, Hindu nationalism, and the Emergency (1975–77)
Authors: ANDERSON EDWARD , CLIBBENS PATRICK 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuring the Indian Emergency (1975–77) a range of opposition groups and the Indian state competed to mobilize the Indian diaspora. The Emergency therefore needs to be understood as a global event. Opposition activists travelled overseas and developed transnational networks to protest against the Emergency, by holding demonstrations in their countries of residence and smuggling pamphlets into India. They tried to influence the media and politicians outside India in an effort to pressurize Indira Gandhi into ending the Emergency. An important strand of ‘long-distance’ anti-Emergency activism involved individuals from the Hindu nationalist movement overseas, whose Indian counterparts were proscribed and imprisoned during the period. Several key Hindutva politicians in recent decades were also involved in transnational anti-Emergency activism, including Subramanian Swamy and Narendra Modi. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh's role in opposing the Emergency—particularly the way in which it enabled overseas Indians to act as ‘smugglers of truth’—remains an important legitimizing narrative for Hindu nationalists. Indira Gandhi's Congress government mounted its own pro-Emergency campaigns overseas: it attacked diasporic opposition activists and closely monitored their activities through diplomatic missions. The state's recognition of the diaspora's potential influence on Indian politics, and its attempts to counter this activism, catalysed a long-term change in its attitude towards Indians overseas. It aimed to imitate more ‘successful’ diasporas and began to regard overseas Indians as a vital political and geopolitical resource. The Emergency must be reassessed as a critical event in the creation of new forms of transnational citizenship, global networks, and long-distance nationalism.
Dimensional analysis of depressive, anxious and somatic symptoms presented by primary care patients and their relationship with ICD-11 PHC proposed diagnoses
Authors: Ziebold Carolina , Goldberg David P. , Reed Geoffrey M. , Minhas Fareed , Razzaque Bushra , Fortes Sandra , Robles Rebeca , Lam Tai Pong , Bobes Julio , Iglesias Celso , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , García José Ángel , Mari Jair J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundA study conducted as part of the development of the Eleventh International Classification of Mental Disorders for Primary Health Care (ICD-11 PHC) provided an opportunity to test the relationships among depressive, anxious and somatic symptoms in PHC.MethodPrimary care physicians participating in the ICD-11 PHC field studies in five countries selected patients who presented with somatic symptoms not explained by known physical pathology by applying a 29-item screening on somatic complaints that were under study for bodily stress disorder. Patients were interviewed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised and assessed using two five-item scales that measure depressive and anxious symptoms. Structural models of anxious-depressive symptoms and somatic complaints were tested using a bi-factor approach.ResultsA total of 797 patients completed the study procedures. Two bi-factor models fit the data well: Model 1 had all symptoms loaded on a general factor, along with one of three specific depression, anxiety and somatic factors [x2 (627) = 741.016, p < 0.0011, RMSEA = 0.015, CFI = 0.911, TLI = 0.9]. Model 2 had a general factor and two specific anxious depression and somatic factors [x2 (627) = 663.065, p = 0.1543, RMSEA = 0.008, CFI = 0.954, TLI = 0.948].ConclusionsThese data along with those of previous studies suggest that depressive, anxious and somatic symptoms are largely different presentations of a common latent phenomenon. This study provides support for the ICD-11 PHC conceptualization of mood disturbance, especially anxious depression, as central among patients who present multiple somatic symptoms.
Towards a framework to support coastal change governance in small islands
Authors: GLASER MARION , BRECKWOLDT ANNETTE , CARRUTHERS TIM J.B. , FORBES DONALD L. , COSTANZO SIMON , KELSEY HEATH , RAMACHANDRAN RAMESH , STEAD SELINA 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYSmall islands can guide visualization of the diverse information requirements of future context-relevant coastal governance. On small marine islands (<20 000 km2), negative effects of coastal challenges (e.g., related to population growth, unsustainable resource use or climate change) can develop rapidly, with high intensity and extreme impacts. The smallest and most remote islands within small-island states and small islands in larger states can be threatened by intrinsic governance factors, typically resulting in access to fewer resources than larger islands or administrative centres. For these reasons, efforts to support coastal change governance are critical and need to be targeted. We propose a conceptual framework that distinguishes key governance-related components of small-island social–ecological systems (SESs). To prioritize areas of vulnerability and opportunity, physical, ecological, social, economic and governance attributes are visualized to help show the ability of different types of small-island SESs to adapt, or be transformed, in the face of global and local change. Application of the framework to an Indonesian archipelago illustrates examples of local rule enforcement supporting local self-organized marine governance. Visualization of complex and interconnected social, environmental and economic changes in small-island SESs provides a better understanding of the vulnerabilities and opportunities related to context-specific governance.
What happened to modern Irish urban history?
Authors: DICKSON DAVID 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT:A remarkable cluster of Irish town histories appeared in the early nineteenth century, coming after several generations of unprecedented urban growth. But that growth stalled and most Irish towns entered a long period of stagnation. Meanwhile, academic interest in the urban past became dormant. Urbanization in Ireland resumed in the twentieth century, but the study of urban history was late to develop and slow to move beyond the documentation of built heritage. However, public interest in medieval origins, official interest in urban heritage and the vision of a handful of medieval historians and historical geographers have helped transform the prospects for Irish urban history.
Use of an Annular Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) Versus a Conventional SDD Makes Phase Mapping a Practical Solution for Rare Earth Mineral Characterization
Authors: Teng Chaoyi , Demers Hendrix , Brodusch Nicolas , Waters Kristian , Gauvin Raynald 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA number of techniques for the characterization of rare earth minerals (REM) have been developed and are widely applied in the mining industry. However, most of them are limited to a global analysis due to their low spatial resolution. In this work, phase map analyses were performed on REM with an annular silicon drift detector (aSDD) attached to a field emission scanning electron microscope. The optimal conditions for the aSDD were explored, and the high-resolution phase maps generated at a low accelerating voltage identify phases at the micron scale. In comparisons between an annular and a conventional SDD, the aSDD performed at optimized conditions, making the phase map a practical solution for choosing an appropriate grinding size, judging the efficiency of different separation processes, and optimizing a REM beneficiation flowsheet.
Culturally and linguistically diverse palliative care patients’ journeys at the end-of-life
Authors: Green Anna , Jerzmanowska Natalia , Thristiawati Safrina , Green Marguerite , Lobb Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the clinical and psychosocial journey of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) palliative care patients.MethodThis study was conducted at a subacute hospital with a specialist palliative care unit and a community palliative care service in a metropolitan region of New South Wales, Australia. Medical records of 100 deceased patients from CALD backgrounds over a 12-month period from 2014 to 2015 were recorded on a data mining tool. The cohort had transitioned to either community or inpatient palliative care services with a life-limiting illness. We used descriptive statistical analyses to identify the patients’ end-of-life journeys in the physical, psychological, spiritual, and social palliative care domains. Staff case notes were used to enrich the quantitative data.ResultThe most common symptoms burdening the patients were decreased mobility (82%), pain (76%), and poor appetite (60%). The majority of patients (87%) were diagnosed with cancer. Language was a major barrier to the assessment and management of symptoms. The vast majority of patients were born in Europe and Asia. Twenty-nine percent of the patients preferred to use English. However, among patients who required an interpreter on admission, only 9% used professional interpreters. Family distress around patients’ lack of food consumption was prominent, along with provider concern when this led to families “force feeding” patients. Only 5% of files documented patients’, and 21% of files documented families’, cultural wishes or needs. Care of the body after death was only documented in 20% of files.Significance of resultsThe increasing cohort of older people from CALD backgrounds will have significant implications for the planning and delivery of palliative care services. There is an emerging need to address the physical, psychological, spiritual, and social palliative care domains in the end-of-life journeys of patients from CALD backgrounds to ensure the provision of quality care.