bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic tracking in image‐guided laparoscopic surgery: Comparison with optical tracking and feasibility study of a combined laparoscope and laparoscopic ultrasound system
Authors: Xiao Guofang , Bonmati Ester , Thompson Stephen , Evans Joe , Hipwell John , Nikitichev Daniil , Gurusamy Kurinchi , Ourselin Sébastien , Hawkes David J. , Davidson Brian , Clarkson Matthew J. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeIn image‐guided laparoscopy, optical tracking is commonly employed, but electromagnetic (EM) systems have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we provide a thorough comparison of EM and optical tracking systems for use in image‐guided laparoscopic surgery and a feasibility study of a combined, EM‐tracked laparoscope and laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) image guidance system.MethodsWe first assess the tracking accuracy of a laparoscope with two optical trackers tracking retroreflective markers mounted on the shaft and an EM tracker with the sensor embedded at the proximal end, using a standard evaluation plate. We then use a stylus to test the precision of position measurement and accuracy of distance measurement of the trackers. Finally, we assess the accuracy of an image guidance system comprised of an EM‐tracked laparoscope and an EM‐tracked LUS probe.ResultsIn the experiment using a standard evaluation plate, the two optical trackers show less jitter in position and orientation measurement than the EM tracker. Also, the optical trackers demonstrate better consistency of orientation measurement within the test volume. However, their accuracy of measuring relative positions decreases significantly with longer distances whereas the EM tracker's performance is stable; at 50 mm distance, the RMS errors for the two optical trackers are 0.210 and 0.233 mm, respectively, and it is 0.214 mm for the EM tracker; at 250 mm distance, the RMS errors for the two optical trackers become 1.031 and 1.178 mm, respectively, while it is 0.367 mm for the EM tracker. In the experiment using the stylus, the two optical trackers have RMS errors of 1.278 and 1.555 mm in localizing the stylus tip, and it is 1.117 mm for the EM tracker. Our prototype of a combined, EM‐tracked laparoscope and LUS system using representative calibration methods showed a RMS point localization error of 3.0 mm for the laparoscope and 1.3 mm for the LUS probe, the lager error of the former being predominantly due to the triangulation error when using a narrow‐baseline stereo laparoscope.ConclusionsThe errors incurred by optical trackers, due to the lever‐arm effect and variation in tracking accuracy in the depth direction, would make EM‐tracked solutions preferable if the EM sensor is placed at the proximal end of the laparoscope.
Application of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) item parameters for Anxiety and Depression in the Netherlands
Authors: van Bebber Jan , Flens Gerard , Wigman Johanna T.W. , de Beurs Edwin , Sytema Sjoerd , Wunderink Lex , Meijer Rob R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Health Organization has compiled and calibrated item banks for various domains in the United States, and these item banks have been translated into Dutch language.MethodsThe item banks for Anxiety and Depression have been administered in two samples, one drawn from the Dutch general and one drawn from the Dutch clinical population. The aim of this study was to investigate the appropriateness of the official PROMIS item parameters for these item banks that have been estimated based on data collected in the United States for use in the Netherlands. For both domains, we determined the fit of U.S. item parameters, the effect on individual domain scores and levels, the effect on correlations with full item bank totals, and the effect on classification accuracies of adaptive test scores for diagnoses of anxiety and mood disorders.ResultsThe results showed that especially in the clinical population sample, fit appeared to be problematic for many items. However, simulations revealed that both sets of item parameters (official PROMIS vs. unique Dutch) perform nearly equally well in practice.ConclusionWe tentatively conclude that the official PROMIS item parameters can be used for scaling respondents in the Netherlands.
COL6A3‐derived endotrophin links reciprocal interactions among hepatic cells in the pathology of chronic liver disease
Authors: Lee Changhu , Kim Min , Lee Jun Ho , Oh Jiyoung , Shin Hyun‐Hee , Lee Sang Min , Scherer Philipp E , Kwon Hyug Moo , Choi Jang Hyun , Park Jiyoung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExtracellular matrix dysregulation is associated with chronic liver disease. CollagenVI‐alpha3 chain (COL6A3) is a biomarker for hepatic fibrosis and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its function in liver pathology remains unknown. High levels of COL6A3 and its cleaved product, endotrophin (ETP) in tumor‐neighboring regions are strongly associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Here, we report that the high levels of ETP in injured hepatocytes induce JNK‐dependent hepatocyte apoptosis and activate nonparenchymal cells to lead further activation of hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Nevertheless ETP per se showed limited phenotypic changes in normal liver tissues. Furthermore, inhibition of ETP activity by utilizing neutralizing antibodies efficiently suppressed the pathological consequences in chronic liver diseases. Our results implicate ETP mechanistically as a crucial mediator in reciprocal interactions among various hepatic cell populations in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease, and it could be a promising therapeutic target particularly in individuals with high local levels of COL6A3. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in renal function with long‐term exposure to antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐infected adults in Asia
Authors: Joshi Kedar , Boettiger David , Kerr Stephen , Nishijima Takeshi , Van Nguyen Kinh , Ly Penh Sun , Lee Man Po , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Wong Wingwai , Kantipong Pacharee , Cuong Do Duy , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Choi Jun Yong , Zhang Fujie , Chaiwarith Romanee , Ng Oon Tek , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Sim Benedict Lim Heng , Merati Tuti Parwati , Yunihastuti Evy , Ditangco Rossana , Ross Jeremy , Pujari Sanjay 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeRenal disease is common among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, there is limited information on the incidence and risk factors associated with renal dysfunction among this population in Asia.MethodsWe used data from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database. Patients were included if they started antiretroviral therapy during or after 2003, had a serum creatinine measurement at antiretroviral therapy initiation (baseline), and had at least 2 follow‐up creatinine measurements taken ≥3 months apart. Patients with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were excluded. Chronic kidney disease was defined as 2 consecutive eGFR values ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 taken ≥3 months apart. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify factors associated with eGFR change. Competing risk regression adjusted for study site, age and sex, and cumulative incidence plots were used to evaluate factors associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD).ResultsOf 2547 patients eligible for this analysis, tenofovir was being used by 703 (27.6%) at baseline. Tenofovir use, high baseline eGFR, advanced HIV disease stage, and low nadir CD4 were associated with a decrease in eGFR during follow‐up. Chronic kidney disease occurred at a rate of 3.4 per 1000 patient/years. Factors associated with CKD were tenofovir use, old age, low baseline eGFR, low nadir CD4, and protease inhibitor use.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to enhance renal monitoring and management capacity among at‐risk groups in Asia and improve access to less nephrotoxic antiretrovirals.
Novel cellulose nanofibers/barium titanate nanoparticles nanocomposites and their electrical properties
Authors: Hassan Mohammad L. , Ali Ashraf F. , Salama Aliaa H. , Abdel‐Karim Amal M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGreen nanocomposite films from cellulose nanofibers/barium titanate (CNF/BT) with high homogeneity were successfully prepared by doping different ratio of BT nanoparticles (2.5 to 25 wt%) into CNF. Scanning electron microscope images showed homogenous distribution of BT in the CNF matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed good thermal stability of the prepared nanocomposites. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the tetragonality of BT grains was retained in the composite samples. Addition of BT nanoparticles to CNF resulted in decreasing the tensile strength properties of the films. The dielectric properties were analyzed in detail with respect to frequency ranged from 0.1 Hz to 5 MHz, temperature ranged from 289 to 373 K, and BT loading. The high k values of the CNF/BT films were attributed to spontaneous polarization of BT particles. The dielectric constant of the nanocomposites increased by addition of BT nanoparticles up to 5 wt% and decreased afterwards. Hopping ionic conduction was proved as a conduction mechanism of the prepared nanocomposites. The activation energy of the conduction ranged from 0.4 to 0.08 eV. Moreover, the values of activation energy decreased as the doping level of BT nanoparticles increased.
Proteome Profiling by Label‐Free Mass Spectrometry Reveals Differentiated Response of Campylobacter jejuni 81–176 to Sublethal Concentrations of Bile Acids
Authors: Masanta Wycliffe O. , Zautner Andreas E. , Lugert Raimond , Bohne Wolfgang , Gross Uwe , Leha Andreas , Dakna Mohammed , Lenz Christof 
Published: September 2018

PurposeBile acids are crucial components of the intestinal antimicrobial defense and represent a significant stress factor for enteric pathogens. Adaptation processes of Campylobacter jejuni to this hostile environment are analyzed in this study by a proteomic approach.Experimental designProteome profiling by label‐free mass spectrometry (SWATH‐MS) has been used to characterize the adaptation of C. jejuni to sublethal concentrations of seven bile acids.ResultsThe bile acids with the lowest inhibitory concentration (IC50), deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid, induce the most significant proteome changes. Overall a downregulation of all basic biosynthetic pathways and a general decrease in the transcription machinery are found. Concurrently, an induction of factors involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, protein folding, and bile acid exporting efflux pumps is detected. Exposure to deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid results in an increased expression of components of the more energy‐efficient aerobic respiration pathway, while the anaerobic branches of the electron transport chain are down‐expressed.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe results show that C. jejuni has a differentiated system of adaptation to bile acid stresses. The findings enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis of campylobacteriosis, especially for survival of C. jejuni in the human intestine, and may provide clues to future medical treatment.
Steric hindrance controls pyridine nucleotide specificity of a flavin‐dependent NADH:quinone oxidoreductase
Authors: Ball Jacob , Reis Renata A. G. , Agniswamy Johnson , Weber Irene T. , Gadda Giovanni 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe crystal structure of the NADH:quinone oxidoreductase PA1024 has been solved in complex with NAD+ to 2.2 Å resolution. The nicotinamide C4 is 3.6 Å from the FMN N5 atom, with a suitable orientation for facile hydride transfer. NAD+ binds in a folded conformation at the interface of the TIM‐barrel domain and the extended domain of the enzyme. Comparison of the enzyme‐NAD+ structure with that of the ligand‐free enzyme revealed a different conformation of a short loop (75–86) that is part of the NAD+‐binding pocket. P78, P82, and P84 provide internal rigidity to the loop, whereas Q80 serves as an active site latch that secures the NAD+ within the binding pocket. An interrupted helix consisting of two α‐helices connected by a small three‐residue loop binds the pyrophosphate moiety of NAD+. The adenine moiety of NAD+ appears to π–π stack with Y261. Steric constraints between the adenosine ribose of NAD+, P78, and Q80, control the strict specificity of the enzyme for NADH. Charged residues do not play a role in the specificity of PA1024 for the NADH substrate.
Higher‐energy collision‐induced dissociation for the quantification by liquid chromatography/tandem ion trap mass spectrometry of nitric oxide metabolites coming from S‐nitroso‐glutathione in an in vitro model of the intestinal barrier
Authors: Yu Haiyan , Bonetti Justine , Gaucher Caroline , Fries Isabelle , Vernex‐Loset Lionel , Leroy Pierre , Chaimbault Patrick 
Published: September 2018

RationaleThe potency of S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) as a nitric oxide (NO) donor to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been highlighted in numerous studies. In order to study its bioavailability after oral administration, which represents the most convenient route for the chronic treatment of CVDs, it is essential to develop an analytical method permitting (i) the simultaneous measurement of GSNO metabolites, i.e. nitrite, S‐nitrosothiols (RSNOs) and nitrate and (ii) to distinguish them from other sources (endogenous synthesis and diet).MethodsExogenous GSNO was labeled with 15N, and the GS15NO metabolites after conversion into the nitrite ion were derivatized with 2,3‐diaminonaphthalene. The resulting 2,3‐naphthotriazole was quantified by liquid chromatography/tandem ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/ITMS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring mode after Higher‐energy Collision‐induced Dissociation (HCD). Finally, the validated method was applied to an in vitro model of the intestinal barrier (monolayer of Caco‐2 cells) to study GS15NO intestinal permeability.ResultsA LC/ITMS/MS method based on an original transition (m/z 171 to 156) for sodium 15N‐nitrite, GS15NO and sodium 15N‐nitrate measurements was validated, with recoveries of 100.8 ± 3.8, 98.0 ± 2.7 and 104.1 ± 3.3%, respectively. Intra‐ and inter‐day variabilities were below 13.4 and 12.6%, and the limit of quantification reached 5 nM (signal over blank = 4). The permeability of labeled GS15NO (10–100 μM) was evaluated by calculating its apparent permeability coefficient (Papp).ConclusionsA quantitative LC/ITMS/MS method using HCD was developed for the first time to selectively monitor GS15NO metabolites. The assay allowed evaluation of GS15NO intestinal permeability and situated this drug candidate within the middle permeability class according to FDA guidelines. In addition, the present method has opened the perspective of a more fundamental work aiming at studying the fragmentation mechanism leading to the ion at m/z 156 in HCD tandem mass spectrometry in the presence of acetonitrile.
Private action in public interest: The comparative governance of social issues
Authors: Luo Jiao , Kaul Aseem 
Published: September 2018

Research SummaryWe develop a theoretical framework to define the comparatively efficient organizational form for dealing with a social issue, based on the market frictions associated with it. Specifically, we argue that for‐profits have an advantage in undertaking innovation and coordinating production economies, nonprofits in playing a fiduciary role given ex post information asymmetry, self‐governing collectives in dealing with bounded externalities through private ordering, and state bureaucracies in governing general externalities. We build on these arguments to develop a mapping between combinations of these market frictions and the comparatively efficient arrangements to govern them, including a variety of hybrid arrangements such as private‐public partnerships, social enterprises, corporate social responsibility, and so on. Our framework thus contributes to research in strategy, organizations, and public policy.Managerial SummaryWhat is the best way to deal with a social problem? While some believe such problems are best left to the state, others argue that business should take the lead in solving them, or favor nonprofit solutions. In this article, we move beyond such one‐size‐fits‐all approaches, highlighting the different strengths of different organizational forms. We argue that for‐profits' strong incentives make them more innovative; nonprofits are more trustworthy in representing the best interests of others; collectives enable actors to self‐organize around a common interest; and the state is best for issues that impact the entire population. We thus develop a mapping between the nature of the social problem and the organizational form—or combination of organizational forms—that may deal with it most efficiently.
Maternal hemodynamics in screen‐positive and screen‐negative women of the ASPRE trial
Authors: Ling H. Z. , Guy G. P. , Bisquera A. , Poon L. C. , Nicolaides K. H. , Kametas N. A. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare maternal hemodynamics and perinatal outcome, in pregnancies that do not develop pre‐eclampsia (PE) or deliver a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonate, between those identified at 11–13 weeks' gestation as being screen positive or negative for preterm PE, by a combination of maternal factors, mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index, serum placental growth factor and pregnancy associated plasma protein‐A.MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of maternal cardiovascular function, assessed using a bioreactance method, in women undergoing first‐trimester screening for PE. Maternal hemodynamics and perinatal outcome were compared between screen‐positive and screen‐negative women who did not have a medical comorbidity, did not develop PE or pregnancy‐induced hypertension and delivered at term a live neonate with birth weight between the 5th and 95th percentiles. A multilevel linear mixed‐effects model was used to compare the repeated measures of cardiac variables, controlling for maternal characteristics.ResultsThe screen‐negative group (n = 926) had normal cardiac function changes across gestation, whereas the screen‐positive group (n = 170) demonstrated static or reduced cardiac output and stroke volume and higher mean arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance with advancing gestation. In the screen‐positive group, compared with screen‐negative women, birth‐weight Z‐score was shifted toward lower values, with prevalence of delivery of a neonate below the 35th, 30th or 25th percentile being about 70% higher, and the rate of operative delivery for fetal distress in labor also being higher.ConclusionWomen who were screen positive for impaired placentation, even though they did not develop PE or deliver a SGA neonate, had pathological cardiac adaptation in pregnancy and increased risk of adverse perinatal outcome. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Enhancing toughness of thin films and coatings through embedded nanoinclusions
Authors: Birman Victor 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBuckling of thin films and coatings due to thermal residual stresses has been thoroughly investigated. The subsequent fracture at the film‐to‐substrate interface triggered by buckling may result in a complete delamination of the film, effectively making the structure useless. The approach to the prevention or alleviation of delamination and spalling of the compressed film suggested in the paper is based on embedding random stiff nanoinclusions in the pristine film material. This results in an increase of both the stiffness of the film and the buckling stresses. If the enhanced stiffness is not sufficient to prevent buckling, the strain energy release rate is decreased as a result of embedded nanoinclusions as demonstrated in the paper. This reduction is particularly significant in films whose stiffness is increased by a large factor as compared to that of the pristine material. The effectiveness of the method is particularly evident if the compressive stress exceeds the critical stress of the nanoreinforced film by a relatively small factor. At very high compressive stresses the method of improving toughness considered in the paper is still valid but its relative effectiveness diminishes.
Open Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Network Meta‐analysis Comparing Self‐Gripping Mesh, Suture Fixation, and Glue Fixation
Authors: Rausa Emanuele , Asti Emanuele , Kelly Michael Eamon , Aiolfi Alberto , Lovece Andrea , Bonitta Gianluca , Bonavina Luigi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe most troublesome complications of inguinal hernia repair are recurrent herniation and chronic pain. A multitude of technological products dedicated to abdominal wall surgery, such as self‐gripping mesh (SGM) and glue fixation (GF), were introduced in alternative to suture fixation (SF) in the attempt to lower the postoperative complication rates. We conducted an electronic systematic search using MEDLINE databases that compared postoperative pain and short‐ and long‐term surgical complications after SGM or GF and SF in open inguinal hernia repair. Twenty‐eight randomized controlled trials totaling 5495 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in this network meta‐analysis. SGM and GF did not show better outcomes in either short‐ or long‐term complications compared to SF. Patients in the SGM group showed significantly more pain at day 1 compared to those in the GF group (VAS score pain mean difference: − 5.2 Crl − 11.0; − 1.2). The relative risk (RR) of developing a surgical site infection (RR 0.83; Crl 0.50–1.32), hematoma (RR 1.9; Crl 0.35–11.2), and seroma (RR 1.81; Crl 0.54–6.53) was similar in SGM and GF groups. Both the SGM and GF had a significantly shorter operative time mean difference (1.70; Crl − 1.80; 5.3) compared to SF. Chronic pain and hernia recurrence did not statistically differ at 1 year (RR 0.63; Crl 0.36–1.12; RR 1.5; Crl 0.52–4.71, respectively) between SGM and GF. Methods of inguinal hernia repair are evolving, but there remains no superiority in terms of mesh fixation. Ultimately, patient’s preference and surgeon’s expertise should still lead the choice about the fixation method.
Soil fertility effects of repeated application of sewage sludge in two 30-year-old field experiments
Authors: Börjesson Gunnar , Kätterer Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Recirculation of plant nutrients from waste materials back to agriculture is necessary in a sustainable food production system. In this study we investigated the long-term effect of direct land application of sewage sludge (SS) on soil fertility on two Swedish farms, where field experiments were set up in 1981 with three rates of SS (0, 4 and 12 Mg dry matter ha−1 every 4 years) and three rates of mineral fertilisation, in a factorial design with four replicates. At one site, SS application tended to increase crop yield over time but, when plant nutrients were not limiting, the effect was only significant for spring barley. We deduced that improved soil structure was the main driver for this fertility enhancement after SS application, as indicated by lower soil bulk density and higher soil carbon concentration. After 30 years, soil organic carbon stocks to 0.40 m depth differed by up to 17 Mg ha−1 between treatments. According to carbon balance calculations, retention of carbon derived from SS ranged between 18 and 20% for the soil layers analysed at the two sites. Soluble phosphorus (P) increased with sludge application rate, but represented only around 2% of the expected residual P according to P-balance calculations. The fertiliser value of nitrogen was also low, with only 3–8% nitrogen use efficiency. Heavy metals such as copper, zinc and mercury showed moderate accumulation in the soil, but elevated levels of metals were not detected in crops, even at the highest dose of SS. These results show that SS represents a valuable resource for improving soil fertility in terms of soil organic matter and soil structure, but its efficiency for nutrient cycling is very low within the time frame considered in the study.