bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New procedures for food handlers under infectious gastrointestinal disease: To control emerging microbial problems
Authors: Park Jong Myong , Cho Hyun Min , Kim Jong Mun , Ghim Sa‐Youl 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOwing to climate change and global warming, foodborne infectious diseases are becoming an inevitable problem worldwide, and this includes Korea. An emerging factor of foodborne infectious disease outbreak in the foodservice business (i.e., restaurants) is inappropriate management of food handlers with acute gastroenteritis. This study will propose new procedures for bigger restaurants such as conglomerate chains or hotel restaurants that have adequate economic capability for operating new or existing procedures to complement the shortcomings of the Korean Food Safety Act based on microbiological, epidemiological, and etiological fundamentals. Designed procedures for managing a primary case (i.e., first symptomatic worker) or confirmed patients in close contact (i.e., colleagues) were based on several concepts, such as isolation, contact quarantine, and release. These procedures can be included in the sanitation standard operating procedures for foodservice business in a chapter on the Food Handler's Hygiene Management Manual.Practical applicationsFoodborne infectious disease spread by food handlers is currently an emerging food safety management crisis in Korea. Since few response procedures have been proposed as to how to act in such a critical situation, our study will suggest new procedures. Possible foodborne infectious disease that can be mediated by food handlers was investigated and categorized into four types based on their microbiological, epidemiological, and etiological characters. Several distinct response procedures were designated for primary or secondary case, confirmed case, and close contact colleagues. Newly designed criteria were simulated for field applicability. These procedures can be included in the sanitation standard operating procedures for foodservice businesses in a chapter of the Food Handler's Hygiene Management Manual.
Neuronal calcineurin transcriptional targets parallel changes observed in Alzheimer disease brain
Authors: Hopp Sarah C. , Bihlmeyer Nathan A. , Corradi John P. , Vanderburg Charles , Cacace Angela M. , Das Sudeshna , Clark Timothy W. , Betensky Rebecca A. , Hyman Bradley T. , Hudry Eloise 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSynaptic dysfunction and loss are core pathological features in Alzheimer disease (AD). In the vicinity of amyloid‐β plaques in animal models, synaptic toxicity occurs and is associated with chronic activation of the phosphatase calcineurin (CN). Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of CN blocks amyloid‐β synaptotoxicity. We therefore hypothesized that CN‐mediated transcriptional changes may contribute to AD neuropathology and tested this by examining the impact of CN over‐expression on neuronal gene expression in vivo. We found dramatic transcriptional down‐regulation, especially of synaptic mRNAs, in neurons chronically exposed to CN activation. Importantly, the transcriptional profile parallels the changes in human AD tissue. Bioinformatics analyses suggest that both nuclear factor of activated T cells and numerous microRNAs may all be impacted by CN, and parallel findings are observed in AD. These data and analyses support the hypothesis that at least part of the synaptic failure characterizing AD may result from aberrant CN activation leading to down‐regulation of synaptic genes, potentially via activation of specific transcription factors and expression of repressive microRNAs.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Factors associated with infants receiving their mother's own breast milk on discharge from hospital in a unit where pasteurised donor human milk is available
Authors: Tshamala Didier , Pelecanos Anita , Davies Mark W 
Published: May 2018

AimTo determine the proportion of very preterm infants who were exclusively fed breast milk at the time of discharge home, before and after the availability of pasteurised donor human milk (PDHM).MethodsThis was an observational retrospective cohort study with historical comparison, comparing two cohorts (<32 weeks gestational age or very low birthweight) before and after the availability of donor human milk. The main explanatory variable was the PDHM cohort: pre‐PDHM or post‐PDHM. The primary dichotomous outcome variable was defined as whether the baby was being fed with breast milk only at the time of discharge home, compared with those fed with artificial formula alone or mixed feeding (artificial formula and breast milk).ResultsThere were 1088 babies in the pre‐PDHM cohort and 330 in the post‐PDHM cohort (total n = 1418). Following the introduction of PDHM, 56% (185/330) were exclusively fed breast milk at the time of hospital discharge and 57% (620/1088) in the pre‐PDHM cohort. The availability of PDHM is not a significant predictor of feeding outcome upon discharge (P = 0.45) when adjusted for maternal age, log‐transformed post‐natal age at discharge home and any congenital abnormality.ConclusionsThe availability of donor human milk in our unit is not associated with a decrease in the number of very preterm infants receiving mother's own breast milk at time of discharge home. Other factors that positively impact the successful establishment of breastfeeding in preterm babies were older maternal age, the absence of any congenital abnormality and a shorter duration of hospital stay.
Colour matching in an orb‐web spider: a twig‐masquerading species as seen by potential predators
Authors: Xavier G. M. , Brito V. L. G. , Gonzaga M. O. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDistinct predator groups perceive prey colour and brightness differently because they harbour distinct visual systems. Therefore, the evaluation of the presence of visual‐based mechanisms of action in defensive strategies must be assessed from the perspective of the visual abilities of potential predators. Wixia abdominalis O.P. Cambridge, 1882 (Araneae, Araneidae) is a masquerader species that imitates its substrate, the twigs of trees. Using reflectance spectrophotometry and colour visual models, we tested and subsequently corroborated the hypothesis that colour matching occurs in this species based on how it is perceived by the primary spider predators, hymenopterans and birds. These results provide a theoretical basis on the role of colour and brightness in this defensive strategy, indicating that susceptibility to the two main groups of spider predators can be influenced by these characteristics. Then, we discussed the causes and implications of this defensive strategy in W. abdominalis and similar spider species.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 reduces the replication efficiency of Bamboo mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Cheng , Wu Yi‐Jhen , Hsueh Chia‐Hsin , Huang Yu‐Ting , Hsu Yau‐Heiu , Meng Menghsiao 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn plants, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are the central signaling pathways of the complicated defense network triggered by the perception of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns to repel pathogens. The Arabidopsis thaliana MAPK phosphatase 1 (AtMKP1) negatively regulates the activation of MAPKs. Recently, the AtMKP1 homolog of Nicotiana benthamiana (NbMKP1) was found in association with the Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) replication complex. This study aimed to investigate the role of NbMKP1 in BaMV multiplication in N. benthamiana. Silencing of NbMKP1 increased accumulations of the BaMV‐encoded proteins and the viral genomic RNA, although the same condition reduced the infectivity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in N. benthamiana. On the other hand, overexpression of NbMKP1 decreased the BaMV coat protein accumulation in a phosphatase activity‐dependent manner in protoplasts. NbMKP1 also negatively affected the in vitro RNA polymerase activity of the BaMV replication complex. Collectively, the activity of NbMKP1 seems to reduce BaMV multiplication, inconsistent with the negatively regulatory role of MKP1 in MAPK cascades in terms of warding off fungal and bacterial invasion. In addition, silencing of NbMKP1 increased the accumulation of Foxtail mosaic virus but decreased Potato virus X. The discrepant effects exerted by NbMKP1 on different pathogens foresee the difficulty to develop plants with broad‐spectrum resistance through genetically manipulating a single player in MAPK cascades.
Acute kidney injury and disease: Long‐term consequences and management
Authors: Rangaswamy Dharshan , Sud Kamal 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWith increasing longevity and the presence of multiple comorbidities, a significant proportion of hospitalized patients, and an even larger population in the community, is at increased risk of developing an episode of acute kidney injury (AKI). Because of improvements in short‐term outcomes following an episode of AKI, survivors of an episode of AKI are now predisposed to develop its long‐term sequel. The identification of risk for progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complicated by the absence of good biomarkers that identify this risk and the variability of risk associated with clinical factors including, but not limited to, the number of AKI episodes, severity, duration of previous AKI and pre‐existing CKD that has made the prediction for long‐term outcomes in survivors of AKI more difficult. Being a significant contributor to the growing incidence of CKD, there is a need to implement measures to prevent AKI in both the community and hospital settings, target interventions to treat AKI that are also associated with better long‐term outcomes, accurately identify patients at risk of adverse consequences following an episode of AKI and institute therapeutic strategies to improve these long‐term outcomes. We discuss the lasting renal and non‐renal consequences following an episode of AKI, available biomarkers and non‐invasive testing to identify ongoing intra‐renal pathology and review the currently available and future treatment strategies to help reduce these adverse long‐term outcomes.
Sexual dimorphism of estrogen‐sensitized synoviocytes contributes to gender difference in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Xue Xin‐Tong , Zhang Ting , Cui Sheng‐Jie , He Dan‐Qing , Wang Xue‐Dong , Yang Rui‐Li , Liu Da‐Wei , Liu Yan , Gan Ye‐Hua , Kou Xiao‐Xing , Zhou Yan‐Heng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesTemporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is approximately twice as prevalent in women than in men. Synoviocytes are believed to play a critical role in joint inflammation. However, it is unknown whether synoviocytes from different genders possess sexual dimorphisms that contribute to female‐predominant TMJOA.Materials and MethodsFreund's complete adjuvant combined with monosodium iodoacetate was used to induce TMJOA in female and male rats. Histologic and radiographic features were used to evaluate TMJOA. The expression of CD68, MCP‐1, iNOS, and IL‐1β was detected by immunohistochemistry and real‐time PCR. Primary fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs) isolated from the synovial membrane of female and male rats were used for in vitro experiments.ResultsFemale rats showed aggravated TMJOA features as compared to male rats. Increased expression of iNOS and IL‐1β was detected in synovial membrane from female TMJOA rats as compared to male rats. Furthermore, greater amounts of CD68‐positive macrophage infiltration and increased MCP‐1 expression around the synovial membrane were detected in female TMJOA rats compared to males. Primary cultured FLSs from female rats showed higher sensitivity to TNF‐α treatment and recruited increased macrophage migration than male FLSs. More important, ovariectomy (OVX) by ablation in female rats repressed the sensitivity of female FLSs to TNF‐α treatment due to the loss of estrogen production. Blockage of the estrogen receptor repressed estrogen‐potentiated TNF‐α‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression in OVX‐FLSs. Moreover, the injection of estrogen receptor antagonists relieved the cartilage destruction and bone deterioration of TMJOA in female rats.ConclusionEstrogen‐sensitized synoviocytes in female rats may contribute to gender differences in the incidence and progression of TMJOA.
Should obesity affect suitability for kidney donation?
Authors: Sachdeva Mala 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs with the suitability for kidney transplantation for obese recipients, there is no universally accepted guideline for clinicians for obese donors; criteria for acceptance are variable among transplant centers. Obesity is on the rise in the United States and the number of living kidney donors who are obese parallel this national trend. Careful risk assessment and informed consent must be undertaken predonation prior to accepting an obese kidney donor in order to minimize long‐ and short‐term complications. Likewise, close postdonation follow‐up for this higher risk group should be implemented.
The overexpression of Fra1 disorders the inflammatory cytokine secretion by mTEC of myasthenia gravis thymus
Authors: Li Q.‐R. , Ni W.‐P. , Lei N.‐J. , Yang J.‐Y. , Xuan X.‐Y. , Liu P.‐P. , Gong G.‐M. , Yan F. , Feng Y.‐S. , Zhao R. , Du Y. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe thymus of a myasthenia gravis (MG) patient is often accompanied by and effected with follicular hyperplasia. Inflammatory cytokines in thymus induce the formation of germinal centres (GC). MG thymic inflammatory cytokines are predominantly secreted by stromal cells. Our previous studies revealed that the expression level of the Fra1 protein, which is a Fos member of the activator protein 1 transcription factors (AP‐1), was higher in the MG thymus compared with that of the normal thymus. Based on that, we demonstrated that Fra1 was mainly expressed in medulla thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and that the rate of Fra1 positive mTECs in the MG thymus was higher than normal. In vitro, we found that the expression of CCL‐5, CCL‐19 and CCL‐21 could be regulated by Fra1 in mTEC and that IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and ICAM1 were downregulated in the Fra1 overexpression group and upregulated in the Fra1 knock‐down group. Meanwhile, we detected that the expression levels of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) were significantly upregulated along with the overexpression of Fra1. Hence, we considered that the overexpression of Fra1 disrupted inflammatory cytokine secretion by mTEC in the MG thymus and that STAT3 and SOCS3 were strongly involved in this process.
Effects of nutrient addition and clipping on biomass production of invasive and native annual Asteraceae plants
Authors: Huang Q Q , Fan Z W , Li X X , Wang Y , Liu Y , Shen Y D 
Published: May 2018

SummaryInvasive plants dominate many habitats and cause significant harm to native plants, agriculture and the wider environment. Clipping by mowing machines has been a common method to control invasive plants, but whether it can reduce the performance of invaders and increase the performance of co‐occurring natives is not known. This study examined the effects of soil nutrient conditions and clipping on the performance of three invasive and three co‐occurring native annual Asteraceae plants under either isolated or competitive conditions. Clipping tended to reduce the aboveground biomass of the invasive plants more than that of the native plants under low, but not under high nutrient conditions. However, invasive plants still produced an aboveground biomass equal to, or larger than, that of native plants under the low nutrient and clipping treatment combination. Nutrient addition increased the aboveground biomass of the invasive plants more than that of the native plants, although this was only marginally significant under competitive conditions. Clipping did not reduce the performance advantage of invaders over natives under high soil nutrient conditions. The ability of invaders to benefit more from nutrient addition, along with its ability to perform equally well, or better than, the native plants after human mechanical control (i.e. clipping), may explain their high abundance and dominance in many habitats.
A Comparison of Human Resource Strategies between the Manufacturing and the Service Sector of Japanese Companies in China
Authors: Ming Lau Chung 
Published: May 2018

An investigation into how Japanese multinational corporations (MNCs) manage their overseas HRM practices affiliates and an exploration of the underlying factors affecting each practice could contribute to enhancing business knowledge and practice. This is especially important when taking into consideration the dramatic change in industry structure and business environment in China. This study adopted a quantitative survey method and analyzed 180 responses from employees of Japanese companies in China (JCCs); 113 from Mainland China and 67 from Hong Kong. Performance appraisal was rated the most important concern of the five human resource management (HRM) practices. Corporate policy and the complexity of the business were the main factors affecting decision for expatriation from the viewpoint of headquarters and locals, respectively. Minor differences were observed in HRM practices in the manufacturing and the service sector, and location, age, and size of the companies.
Derived categories of Gushel–Mukai varieties
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexander , Perry Alexander 
Published: May 2018

We study the derived categories of coherent sheaves on Gushel–Mukai varieties. In the derived category of such a variety, we isolate a special semiorthogonal component, which is a K3 or Enriques category according to whether the dimension of the variety is even or odd. We analyze the basic properties of this category using Hochschild homology, Hochschild cohomology, and the Grothendieck group. We study the K3 category of a Gushel–Mukai fourfold in more detail. Namely, we show this category is equivalent to the derived category of a K3 surface for a certain codimension 1 family of rational Gushel–Mukai fourfolds, and to the K3 category of a birational cubic fourfold for a certain codimension 3 family. The first of these results verifies a special case of a duality conjecture which we formulate. We discuss our results in the context of the rationality problem for Gushel–Mukai varieties, which was one of the main motivations for this work.
Genomic and Geographic Context for the Evolution of High-Risk Carbapenem-Resistant
Enterobacter cloacae
Complex Clones ST171 and ST78
Authors: Gomez-Simmonds Angela , Annavajhala Medini K. , Wang Zheng , Macesic Nenad , Hu Yue , Giddins Marla J. , O’Malley Aidan , Toussaint Nora C. , Whittier Susan , Torres Victor J. , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Recent reports have established the escalating threat of carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacter cloacae
complex (CREC). Here, we demonstrate that CREC has evolved as a highly antibiotic-resistant rather than highly virulent nosocomial pathogen. Applying genomics and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to a 7-year collection of CREC isolates from a northern Manhattan hospital system and to a large set of publicly available, geographically diverse genomes, we demonstrate clonal spread of a single clone, ST171. We estimate that two major clades of epidemic ST171 diverged prior to 1962, subsequently spreading in parallel from the Northeastern to the Mid-Atlantic and Midwestern United States and demonstrating links to international sites. Acquisition of carbapenem and fluoroquinolone resistance determinants by both clades preceded widespread use of these drugs in the mid-1980s, suggesting that antibiotic pressure contributed substantially to its spread. Despite a unique mobile repertoire, ST171 isolates showed decreased virulence
in vitro
. While a second clone, ST78, substantially contributed to the emergence of CREC, it encompasses diverse carbapenemase-harboring plasmids, including a potentially hypertransmissible IncN plasmid, also present in other sequence types. Rather than heightened virulence, CREC demonstrates lineage-specific, multifactorial adaptations to nosocomial environments coupled with a unique potential to acquire and disseminate carbapenem resistance genes. These findings indicate a need for robust surveillance efforts that are attentive to the potential for local and international spread of high-risk CREC clones.

IMPORTANCE
Carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacter cloacae
complex (CREC) has emerged as a formidable nosocomial pathogen. While sporadic acquisition of plasmid-encoded carbapenemases has been implicated as a major driver of CREC, ST171 and ST78 clones demonstrate epidemic potential. However, a lack of reliable genomic references and rigorous statistical analyses has left many gaps in knowledge regarding the phylogenetic context and evolutionary pathways of successful CREC. Our reconstruction of recent ST171 and ST78 evolution represents a significant addition to current understanding of CREC and the directionality of its spread from the Eastern United States to the northern Midwestern United States with links to international collections. Our results indicate that the remarkable ability of
E. cloacae
to acquire and disseminate cross-class antibiotic resistance rather than virulence determinants, coupled with its ability to adapt under conditions of antibiotic pressure, likely led to the wide dissemination of CREC.