bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in school children's activity occurs in the recess and before‐school periods
Authors: Suzuki Iku , Okuda Masayuki , Tanaka Maki , Inoue Shigeru , Tanaka Shigeho , Tanaka Chiaki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundAn accurate description of physical activity (PA) at school is required for appropriate health interventions. We examined PA patterns in children, and identified the time periods that influenced them.MethodsForty students in five Japanese primary schools were asked to wear triaxial accelerometers for ≥7 days. We obtained coefficients of variance (CV) at 15 min intervals, and conducted factor analysis of the school periods. A questionnaire was used to investigate where students spent time before school, and during recess.ResultsThe amount of PA, and its CV were higher around 8 a.m. (before‐school period), 10 a.m. (morning recess), 1 p.m. (lunch recess), and 4 p.m. (commuting home from school). Moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA; ≥3.0 metabolic equivalent units [MET]) was highest during lunch recess and the after‐school period (12.9 ± 7.4 min and 12.6 ± 6.2 min, respectively). The percentage of MVPA time was high (>15%) in the before‐school period and morning and lunch recesses, but low (10%) in the after‐school period. On factor analysis there were differences in PA patterns between the school period and the after‐school period. The students who spent their time in the playground logged more MVPA time and less sedentary time (≤1.5 MET) than those who did not spend their time in the playground.ConclusionActivities before school, and in the morning and lunch recesses influenced daily PA, and were different from after‐school PA. Close attention to these periods may help in defining PA parameters during free time at school for PA interventions in children.
Factors associated with health and oral health–related quality of life of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Cardoso Andreia Medeiros Rodrigues , de Medeiros Mariana Marinho Davino , Gomes Lays Nóbrega , Martins Mariana Leonel , Padilha Wilton Wilney Nascimento , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsTo verify factors associated with impact on Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Oral Health–Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods and resultsSample of 149 individuals with CP aged 2 to 18 years and their caregivers, who provided information regarding HRQoL (PedsQL 4.0), OHRQoL (PedsQL 3.0 Oral Health, and socioeconomic factors. A calibrated investigator performed dental examinations, with dental caries, traumatic dental injury, periodontal, and occlusal evaluation. HRQoL and OHRQoL scores were transformed into a 0 to 100 scale, dichotomized in absence or presence of impact (score < 50) and analyzed by Mann‐Whitney test and Poisson regression (α = .05). The mean HRQoL score was 50.3 ± 10.2. Impact on HRQoL was observed in 51.7% and associated with gender, general health perception, and communication skills. The mean OHRQoL score was 78.0 ± 24.6. The presence of impact on OHRQoL (12.1%) was associated with age, presence of gastroesophageal reflux, dental caries, and periodontal diseases.ConclusionIndividuals with CP had low HRQoL and OHRQoL scores. The impact on HRQoL was shown to be associated with gender, health perception. and communication skills. Regarding OHRQoL, the presence of impact was associated with age, gastroesophageal reflux, dental caries. and periodontal diseases.
Parenting beliefs and practices in toddlerhood as precursors to self‐regulatory, psychosocial, and academic outcomes in early and middle childhood in ethnically diverse low‐income families
Authors: Liew Jeffrey , Carlo Gustavo , Streit Cara , Ispa Jean M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEthnoracially diverse families living in poverty are vulnerable to stress, discrimination, and adversities that can be ‘toxic’ to parenting and to a wide range of psychosocial and academic outcomes in youth. Thus, there is high need to identify malleable protective and promotive factors that may lead to improved developmental trajectories and outcomes for at‐risk youth and families. In this study of 2,233 low‐income families with ethnoracially diverse children (49.5% girls; 42.5% European Americans, 38.4% African Americans, and 19.1% U.S. Latino/as), we tested a model positing that child‐rearing beliefs at 24 months and parenting practices at 36 months are precursors to the development of children’s self‐regulation at pre‐kindergarten, with self‐regulation as a mediating mechanism between parenting in toddlerhood and psychosocial and academic functioning at fifth grade. Results confirm that child‐rearing beliefs are precursors to parenting practices, and both parenting practices and self‐regulation are mediating mechanisms by which child‐rearing beliefs are linked to youths’ psychosocial and academic outcomes. The results have implications for early parent education and parenting interventions, including public health approaches that have the potential for positive impacts on vulnerable children, youth, and families.
Online virtual cases to teach resource stewardship
Authors: Zhou Linghong Linda , Tait Gordon , Sandhu Sharron , Steiman Amanda , Lake Shirley 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundAs health care costs rise, medical education must focus on high‐value clinical decision making. To teach and assess efficient resource use in rheumatology, online virtual interactive cases (VICs) were developed to simulate real patient encounters to increase price transparency and reinforce cost consciousness.To teach and assess efficient resource use in rheumatology, online virtual interactive cases (VICs) were developedMethodsThe VIC modules were distributed to a sample of medical students and internal medicine residents, who were required to assess patients, order appropriate investigations, develop differential diagnoses and formulate management plans. Each action was associated with a time and price, with the totals compared against ideals. Trainees were evaluated not only on their diagnosis and patient management, but also on the total time, cost and value of their selected workup. Trainee responses were tracked anonymously, with opportunity to provide feedback at the end of each case.
ResultsSeventeen medical trainees completed a total of 48 VIC modules. On average, trainees spent CAN $227.52 and 68 virtual minutes on each case, which was lower than expected. This may have been the result of a low management score of 52.4%, although on average 92.0% of participants in each case achieved the correct diagnosis. In addition, 85.7% felt more comfortable working up similar cases, and 57.1% believed that the modules increased their ability to appropriately order cost‐conscious rheumatology investigations.DiscussionOur initial assessment of the VIC rheumatology modules was positive, supporting their role as an effective tool in teaching an approach to rheumatology patients, with an emphasis on resource stewardship. Future directions include the expansion of cases, based on feedback, wider dissemination and an evaluation of learning retention.
Long‐term outcome of permanent tracheostomy in 15 dogs with severe laryngeal collapse secondary to brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome
Authors: Gobbetti Matteo , Romussi Stefano , Buracco Paolo , Bronzo Valerio , Gatti Samuele , Cantatore Matteo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo report the long‐term outcome of permanent tracheostomy for the management of severe laryngeal collapse secondary to brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsFifteen brachycephalic dogs with severe laryngeal collapse treated with permanent tracheostomy.MethodsFollow‐up data were obtained from medical records or via telephone conversation with the owners. The Kaplan‐Meier estimator was used to calculate median survival time. Death was classified as related or unrelated to tracheostomy surgery. Complications were classified as major when they were life‐threatening or required revision surgery. Owners were asked to classify the postoperative quality of life as improved, unchanged, or worse and the management of the stoma as simple or demanding.ResultsThe median survival time was 100 days. Major complications were diagnosed in 12 of 15 (80%) dogs, resulting in death in 8 (median survival time 15 days) and revision surgery in 4 dogs. Seven of 15 (47%) dogs died of unrelated causes or were alive at the end of the study (median survival time 1982 days). The postoperative quality of life of 9 dogs was judged as markedly improved. Stoma management was defined as simple in 8 dogs and demanding in 4.ConclusionPermanent tracheostomy was associated with a high risk of complications and postoperative death in brachycephalic dogs. However, long‐term survival (exceeding 5 years) with a good quality of life was documented in 5 of 15 dogs.Clinical significancePermanent tracheostomy is a suitable salvage option in brachycephalic dogs with severe laryngeal collapse that did not improve following more conservative surgeries.
Contribution of allelopathic effects to the overall weed suppression by different cover crops
Authors: Sturm D J , Peteinatos G , Gerhards R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCover crops can suppress weeds within agricultural fields due to competitive and allelopathic effects. Glasshouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the relative proportions of allelopathic effects to the total weed inhibition. Six different cover crop species were combined with three weed species in the presence or absence of active carbon over a period of four weeks. Active carbon was used as an adsorbent for allelopathic substances in the soil. Our study revealed that the competition between cover crops and weeds shifted, possibly due to the minimisation of allelopathic effects by active carbon in the soil. We assume that the degree of cover crops allelopathic effects on weeds is species‐specific, both on the side of cover crops and on the weed side. The cover crops Raphanus sativus, Fagopyrum esculentum and Avena strigosa showed the highest allelopathic weed suppression with up to 28%. Additionally, Stellaria media turned out to be the most sensitive weed against allelopathic effects induced by all cover crops, except for Linum usitatissimum and Guizotia abyssinica. The knowledge about the contribution of competitive and allelopathic effects by cover crops would help to create cover crop mixtures with high weed suppressive ability.
Effectiveness of interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis: a quantitative systematic review
Authors: Papadatou Zoi , Williams Hector , Cooper Kay 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of this review was to identify, appraise and synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of moisturizers, barrier creams, protective gloves, skin protection education and complex interventions (a combination of two or more of the interventions listed here) in preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis (OIHD) in wet workers, comparing each intervention to an alternative intervention or to usual care (workers’ regular skin care regimen).

Introduction:
The most significant occupational skin problem potentially encountered in wet work occupations is occupational dermatitis. When the skin comes into contact with hazardous substances at work, this can cause occupational dermatitis. Substances which may cause occupational dermatitis include cleaning products, organic solvents, metalworking fluids, cement, flour, adhesives, other chemicals and even certain plants. Occupational skin disease has adverse effects on quality of life and the long term prognosis for skin health is poor unless workplace exposures are addressed. To date, no systematic review has been undertaken to determine the effectiveness of interventions for the primary prevention of OIHD in wet workers.

Inclusion criteria:
The review included any workers from healthcare (e.g. nurses, doctors and allied health professionals) and also people in different wet work occupations (e.g. hairdressers, florists, catering workers, metal workers) at similar risk of OIHD. Studies that assessed the following interventions in the primary prevention of OIHD in wet workers at the workplace and at home (before and after work) were included:Use of moisturizers, for example, high and low lipid content moisturizers.Barrier creams, for example, barrier creams which may contain substances such as liquid paraffin lotion, lanolin oil, silicone or hydrocarbon.Gloves (rubber and/or cotton).Education, for example, seminars and training courses (face-to-face or online).

Types of studies considered were experimental study designs including randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and before and after studies. Primary outcome measures were OIHD incidence, and secondary outcome measures were product evaluation and change of occupation because of OIHD versus staying in the occupation.

Methods:
Published and unpublished literature in the English language was sought between 2004 and 2017. The databases searched included: COCHRANE CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED and Embase. The search for unpublished studies included: Google Scholar, Open DOAR and Robert Gordon University's thesis database, “OPEN AIR”.

Results:
There were no studies located that met the inclusion requirements of this review.

Conclusion:
There is currently no evidence available to determine the effectiveness of interventions to prevent OIHD amongst wet workers that met this review's inclusion criteria.
Integration of Indigenous healing practices with western biomedicine in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States of America: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Blignault Ilse , Hunter Jennifer , Mumford Janette 
Published: June 2018

Review questions
This scoping review aims to explore the following questions:What types of Indigenous healing practices have been integrated with western biomedicine in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the USA, and for what conditions or purpose have they been used?How has this integration been achieved, i.e. what are the key features of the service models implemented?
Allied health and nursing pre-registration student tracking studies: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Khalil Hanan , Sutton Keith , Waller Susan 
Published: June 2018

Review question
The objective of this scoping review is to examine the study designs and outcomes of allied health and nursing student and graduate tracking studies. Specifically the review questions are:i) What are the study designs of placement tracking studies for allied health and nursing students and graduates, as described in the literature?ii) What are the outcomes reported in studies addressing allied health and nursing student and graduate tracking studies?
Association between emergency department length of stay and patient outcomes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Burgess Luke , Hines Sonia , Kynoch Kathryn 
Published: June 2018

Review question:
The question of this review is: what is the association between emergency department length of stay and patient outcomes?
More specifically, what is the association between the length of time a patient spends in the emergency department and outcomes, including, but not limited to: mortality, omitted episodes of care (e.g. non-administration of prescribed medication), adverse events, time to treatment (e.g. time to analgesia or time to operating theater), inpatient length of stay, leave without being seen rate and patient satisfaction?
A Proposal for the Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of Temperature Rise in Synthetic and Hybrid Ropes Used in AHC Systems and Methods of Lessening the Effect
Authors: Pourladian Bamdad , Groce John 
Published: June 2018

Recent commercial activities in the deeper regions of seas and oceans have placed increasing demands for higher strength-to-weight ratio tension members with certain improved mechanical properties. Activities such as heavy lifting in subsea regions can impose extreme dynamic loading conditions as well as other environmental factors on ropes used as tension members for those applications. In this paper, some recently developed synthetic fiber and hybrid tension member technologies that may provide solutions for some of these challenging needs are presented. A proposal for a hybrid rope concept is presented which is envisioned to provide for more effective cooling of the rope in high cycle bending applications such as active heave compensated winches. A proposal for numerical modeling and experimental evaluation of heat transfer rates in such a hybrid rope is briefly presented. A short overview of the current ASME B30 standard volumes for land-based crane rope usage and inspection, as well as ISO 4309 and the API 2D standards will also be presented.
Paper published with permission.
Developing Performance-Based Classification Rules/Regulatory Guidelines to Improve Effectiveness of Incident Management and Outcome of Disasters
Authors: Ghosh Amit 
Published: June 2018

What was common between the capsizing of the cruise liner Costa Concordia, engine fire on the Carnival Triumph and the sinking of the Deepwater Horizon rig?
In all cases, the people impacted did not believe or find that the authorities, whether public or private, were capable of meeting their immediate needs. Consequently, such biases led to collective behavior or ‘herding’ with devastating outcomes.
Holding true to its mission of marine safety, the United States Coast Guard (USCG) finds itself in roles of maritime incident management and provider of training for examination of foreign ships carrying U.S. passengers.
Also, following land-based costal events such as Hurricane Harvey, the USCG is called upon to perform rescue operations in which risk assessment through effective communication between stakeholders becomes extremely important.
Accordingly, this paper proposes a performance-based approach to occupant safety, occupant circulation, and hazard communication so that both classification rules can be developed and guidelines can be proposed for inclusion in the USCG Incident Management Handbook.
Advances in the analysis and modelling of the movement of people, especially in building fires, have established the decision-making processes that individuals or groups undergo before reacting to an imminent danger. When a large number of people have a high commitment either to activity or to inactivity, it becomes important that an equilibrium solution is adopted and the resources are allocated accordingly.
The author proposes evaluating incident management as a dynamic system. Like any dynamic system, incident management for any disaster, evolves with time in terms of scale, needed inputs and desired outputs. Engineers today have the capability to influence the outputs by establishing protocols for sharing of information and resources among the stakeholders. The author presented a paper on a similar topic at ASME’s Dynamic Systems and Controls Conference (DSCC 2015)3.
Paper published with permission.
Sucrose and Sodium but not Caffeine Content Influence the Retention of Beverages in Humans Under Euhydrated Conditions
Authors: Maughan Ronald J. , Watson Phillip , Cordery Philip A.A. , Walsh Neil P. , Oliver Samuel J. , Dolci Alberto , Rodriguez-Sanchez Nidia , Galloway Stuart D.R. 
Published: June 2018

This study systematically examined the influence of carbohydrate (sucrose), sodium, and caffeine on the fluid retention potential of beverages under euhydrated conditions, using the beverage hydration index method. Three cohorts, each of 12 young, healthy, active men, ingested 1 L of beverages containing four different concentrations of a single component (sucrose, sodium, or caffeine) in a double-blind, crossover manner. Urine output was collected for the subsequent 4 hr. Cumulative urine output was lower and net fluid balance was higher after 10 and 20% sucrose beverages than 0 and 5% sucrose beverages (p < .05), and after 27 and 52 mmol/L sodium beverages than 7 and 15 mmol/L sodium beverages (p < .05). No difference in urine output or net fluid balance was apparent following ingestion of caffeine at concentrations of 0–400 mg/L (p = .83). Consequently, the calculated beverage hydration index was greater in beverages with higher sucrose or sodium content, but caffeine had no effect. No difference was observed in arginine vasopressin or aldosterone between any trials. These data highlight that the key drivers promoting differences in the fluid retention potential of beverages when euhydrated are energy density, likely through slowed fluid delivery to the circulation (carbohydrate content effect), or electrolyte content through improved fluid retention (sodium content effect). These data demonstrate that beverage carbohydrate and sodium content influence fluid delivery and retention in the 4 hr after ingestion, but caffeine up to 400 mg/L does not. Athletes and others can use this information to guide their daily hydration practices.
Bone Broth Unlikely to Provide Reliable Concentrations of Collagen Precursors Compared With Supplemental Sources of Collagen Used in Collagen Research
Authors: Alcock Rebekah D. , Shaw Gregory C. , Burke Louise M. 
Published: June 2018

Intake of dietary sources of collagen may support the synthesis of collagen in varying tissues, with the availability of key amino acids being a likely contributor to its effectiveness. This study analyzed commonly consumed preparations of bone broth (BB) to assess the amount and consistency of its amino acid content. Commercial and laboratory-prepared samples, made with standardized and variable (nonstandardized) protocols, were analyzed for key amino acids (glycine, lysine, proline, leucine, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine). The main finding of this study was that amino acid concentrations in BB made to a standardized recipe were significantly lower for hydroxyproline, glycine, and proline (p = .003) and hydroxylysine, leucine, and lysine (p = .004) than those provided by a potentially therapeutic dose (20 g) of reference collagen supplements (p > .05). There was a large variability in the amino acid content of BB made to nonstandardized recipes, with the highest levels of all amino acids found within the café-prepared varieties. For standardized preparations, commercial BBs were lower in all amino acids than the self-prepared varieties. There were no differences (p > .05) in the amino acid content of different batches of BB when prepared according to a standardized recipe. If the intake of collagen precursors is proven to support the synthesis of new collagen in vivo, it is unlikely that BB can provide a consistently reliable source of key amino acids. Research on the provision of key amino acids from dietary sources should continue to focus on the standard sources currently being researched.