bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: "hairy cell leukemia," functional and structural features of the abnormal cell in a patient with profound leukocytosis
Authors: Boldt DH , Speckart SF , MacDermott RP , Nash GS , Valeski JE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The development of profound leukocytosis in a patient with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (LRE) enabled us to obtain purified LRE cells for the investigation of their structural and functional characteristics. The LRE cells of our patient bore surface immunoglobulin and had complement receptors but did not bear Fc receptors and did not form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. By electron microscopy, the cells were observed to contain typical ribosome lamella structures and to phagocytize both 0.81 micron latex particles and complement-coated zymosan particles. They were adherent to both glass and nylon wool fibers. The mitogenic response to erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin was normal to magnitude but delayed chronologically. The binding of 125I-labeled plant lectins was used to characterize the surface topography of LRE cells. Results of these studies indicated that the LRE cell surface differed significantly from the surface of normal T and B lymphocytes and chronic lymphatic leukemia cells. The LRE cells were capable of both stimulating and responding in a one-way mixed lymphocyte culture. However, the LRE cells were not active as effector cells of either cell-mediated lympholysis, a T cell function, or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, a null cell function. In contrast, they were effector cells of lectin-induced cellular cytotoxicity showing that they did possess the capacity to function as cytotoxic effector cells. These data indicated that the LRE cells in our patient had surface and functional characteristics of both lymphocytes and monocytes.
Factor V activity of platelets: evidence for an activated factor V molecule and for a platelet activator
Authors: Osterud B , Rapaport SI , Lavine KK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study was prompted by the observation that fresh platelet suspensions--prepared by gel filtration or albumin density gradient centrifugation--possessed only minimal factor V activity, whereas frozen-and-thawed platelet suspensions possessed striking factor V activity. Results of experiments with fresh suspensions suggested that unaltered platelets did not bind plasma factor V. The factor V activity of frozen-and-thawed platelet suspensions was markedly diminished after exposure to a factor V antibody, was not activated by thrombin, and was not associated with an increase in factor V antigen over that found in fresh platelet suspensions. Consequently, disruption by freezing and thawing must have resulted in the appearance of small amounts of an activated factor V molecule in platelet suspensions. Disrupted platelets were shown to activate native factor V, but an interaction between a platelet activator and traces of native factor V in fresh suspensions could not be demonstrated to account for the full activity of frozen-and-thawed suspensions. Apparently, therefore, platelets also contained an activated factor V molecule. Adding collagen, but not adenosine 5′-diphosphate to fresh platelet suspensions increased their factor V activity. Release of an activated platelet factor V molecule after exposure to collagen could represent a physiologically significant early step in hemostasis.
Demonstration of granulopoietic factor(s) in the plasma of nude mice transplanted with a human lung cancer and in the tumor tissue
Authors: Asano S , Urabe A , Okabe T , Sato N , Kondo Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A human lung cancer (OTUK-tumor) was transplanted serially to nude mice, which invariably developed a marked neutrophilia. In order to analyze this phenomenon, in vitro agar culture studies were carried out. A three- to fourfold increase of colony-forming units in culture was observed in the femurs of these nude mice. Moreover, the plasma of nude mice bearing this tumor, as well as the tumor extract, had a significantly higher colony-stimulating activity on mouse bone marrow cells than appropriate controls. This activity had the property to stimulate granulocyte and/or mixed cell type colonies rather than mononuclear cells. This activity was also demonstrated, in a dose- dependent way, on normal human bone marrow cells. These findings indicated that the OTUK-tumor produced human granulopoietic colony- stimulating activity, which may have stimulated granulopoiesis in vivo as well.
Health of the intensively treated hemophiliac, with special reference to abnormal liver chemistries and splenomegaly
Authors: Levine PH , McVerry BA , Attock B , Dormandy KM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Liver function abnormalities have been noted in intensively treated hemophiliacs, and have led to less aggressive application of pooled plasma products by some physicians. In a prospective study, liver function was abnormal in 68 of 98 hemophiliacs. The abnormalities of hepatic function tended to persist over a 1-yr study period. There was no correlation between these abnormalities and the age of the patient, the presence of hepatitis-associated antigen or antibody, the presence or absence of splenomegaly (which was found in 26 of 98 patients), the number of infusions of plasma products, the type of hemophilia, or the type of product infused. Titers of antibodies to cytomegalovirus were generally higher in hemophilic patients than in a control group of healthy volunteers. These abnormalities did not suggest that a less aggressive infusion regimen was indicated for the hemophiliac, but did suggest the need for careful long-term observation of such patients.
Parallel tubular arrays in severe combined immunodeficiency disease: an ultrastructural study of peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Payne CM , Jones JF , Sieber OF Jr , Fulginiti VA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The ultrastructure of the lymphocytes from three children with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) is described. Parallel tubular arrays (PTA) were found in a large percentage of circulating lymphocytes (53%, 41%, and 13%) in three SCID patients when compared to age-matched controls. The size of these inclusions was quite variable, with some attaining a length of 1.7 micrometer. They contained a tubular substructure with a diameter of 36--44 nm. The PTA were mostly located in the centriolar and Golgi regions of the cytoplasm, and were sometimes membrane bound. A centriolar origin of the inclusion was suggested. A second inclusion, the tubuloreticular structure, was found in only 1.4% of the circulating lymphocytes from one SCID patient. The origin of the PTA and its occurrence in severe combined immunodeficiency disease are discussed.
Comparative studies on monotypic IgM lambda and IgG kappa from an individual patient. IV. Immunofluorescent evidence for a common clonal synthesis
Authors: Hopper JE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Previous studies have presented evidence of shared idiotypic antigenic determinants located within the variable (VH) region of the heavy chains of monotypic IgMlambda and IgGkappa isolated from the serum of an individual patient, Bro, with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Comparative N-terminal VH sequence analyses have demonstrated that the respective micron and gamma chains belong to separate VH subgroups. The entire VH sequence of the Bro micron chain has been reported, but the VH sequence of the Bro gamma chain still awaits completion. We report the results of an immunofluorescent analysis of cytoplasmic Ig of lymphoid cells isolated from the patient's peripheral blood and bone marrow. Between 6% and 9% of the cytoplasmic Ig-positive lymphoid cells exhibited fluorescent evidence for the dual presence of kappa and lambda chains are well as micron and gamma chains. These results strongly suggest that the idiotypically related Bro IgMlambda and IgGkappa paraproteins are derived from a common clonal origin. Moreover, these findings extend the results of a previous study that has demonstrated the dual presence of IgGkappa and IgGlambda paraproteins within individual myeloma plasma cells. Collectively, these studies suggest that a single neoplastic lymphoid clone may not necessarily be restricted to the synthesis of Ig proteins of the identical light chain class. These findings may have a broad implication for the understanding of surface and cytoplasmic Ig markers of neoplastic lymphoid cells in certain other lymphoproliferative disorders.
Reversal of granulocyte adherence to nylon fibers using local anesthetic agents: possible application to filtration leukapheresis
Authors: Schiffer CA , Sanel FT , Young VB , Aisner J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of the cationic anesthetic agents tetracaine and lidocaine on granulocyte function, morphology, and adherence to nylon fibers were studied in an attempt to improve current methods of granulocyte collection by filtration leukapheresis (FL). When dissolved in acid- citrate-dextrose (ACD) plasma, these drugs significantly increased granulocyte elution from the fibers in a dose-related fashion. Granulocytes exposed to tetracaine and lidocaine remained more than 95% viable, retained normal bactericidal capacity after the drugs were washed from the cells, and had preserved membrane integrity, as evidenced by the normal ultrastructural appearance of tetracaine- exposed cells and an absence of leakage of lysozyme or lactic dehydrogenase. Granulocytes eluted with the anesthetic agents were rounded in shape with a reduction in the number of filopodial cytoplasmic projections and a relative absence of cytoplasmic vacuolization when compared to granulocytes eluted with ACD plasma alone. Dose-related inhibition of phagocytosis and adherence, which was largely reversible after washing the granulocytes, was noted. Greater than 95% of the lidocaine could be removed from the eluate with a single centrifugation and resuspension, indicating that granulocytes prepared by FL with anesthetic-enhanced elution could be potentially transfusable.
Divergent patterns of marrow cell suspension culture growth in the myeloid leukemias: correlation of in vitro findings with clinical features
Authors: Elias L , Greenberg P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cellular recovery, maturation, and colony-forming cell (CFC) generation patterns of bone marrow cells from 23 patients with acute, subacute, and chronic myeloid leukemia (AML, SML, and CML) were studied using liquid and agar culture techniques. Increased recovery of proliferative myeloid cells from liquid culture was noted in 6 of 8 AML patients at diagnosis or relapse and 5 of 7 untreated SML patients. Patients with either AML or SML with rapid clinical progression exhibited greater recovery of cells in vitro with less maturation than patients with more stable disease. Studies from 3 patients with CML showed normal to increased cellular recovery with normal maturation. Three of 4 studies of AML patients followed sequentially in apparent remission, but with impending relapse, exhibited increased numbers of myeloblasts and promyelocytes, whereas 28 of 32 studies performed during stable remission were normal. The normally observed increase in CFC during liquid culture was absent in most leukemic marrow samples studied (3 of 4 AML, 4 of 6 SML, and 2 of 3 CML). Persistent low recovery of CFC during AML remission was associated in 3 patients with short remission duration. These studies indicated the potential utility of these techniques for the clinical evaluation of patients with myeloid leukemia and for studying factors involved in the progression of these diseases.
Platelet-associated IgG in immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Luiken GA , McMillan R , Lightsey AL , Gordon P , Zevely S , Schulman I , Gribble TJ , Longmire RL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method for the measurement of immunoglobulin G associated with gel- filtered platelets is described and finding in 70 control subjects and 37 patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are reported. Control platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) levels (nanograms IgG per 10(9) platelets) averaged (+/-SD) 1231+/-424; samples studied after 24 and 48 hr remained within the control range. PAIgG values of 19 adult and 12 childhood patients with chronic ITP averaged 4711+/-3025 and 4923+/- 3955, respectively, and differed significantly from controls (p less than 0.001). There was an inverse correlation between PAIgG values and the chronic ITP patient's platelet count. Six patients with childhood acute ITP had PAIgG levels ranging from 5588 to 56,250 and appeared to represent a different statistical population from those with chronic ITP. In chronic ITP patients responding to splenectomy, there was an immediate normalization of PAIgG levels; however, a certain percentage of patients studied several months after splenectomy evidenced elevated PAIgG levels in association with normal platelet counts. These data showed that the direct measurement of platelet associated antibody is a useful technique in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with chronic ITP. Preliminary studies in patients with acute ITP have suggested that this method may be useful in differentiating acute and chronic childhood ITP.
Autooxidation as a basis for altered function by polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Authors: Baehner RL , Boxer LA , Allen JM , Davis J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To investigate the possibility that human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) elaborate sufficient amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other radicals of reduced oxygen to be autotoxic and retard directed cell movement and phagocytosis, the rate of ingestion of opsonized lipopolysaccharide-paraffin oil particles and movement through Nuclepore filters were studied. Ingestion rates were increased under anaerobic conditions and in normal aerobic conditions in the presence of extracellular catalase but not superoxide dismutase (SOD) or scavengers of singlet oxygen or hydroxyl radicals. Conversely, ingestion rates were decreased when cells were exposed to H2O2 or a superoxide anion (O2-)-H2O2 generating system of xanthine-xanthine oxidase. Catalase, but not SOD, prevented the effect and also enhanced the directed movement of PMN in normal aerobic conditions. PMN from volunteers administered 1600 U/day of the membrane lipid antioxidant alpha-tocopherol were hyperphagocytic but killed Staphylococcus aureus 502A less effectively than controls, suggesting that less H2O2 was available to damage PMN or kill bacteria. H2O2-dependent stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt, H2O2 release from phaogytizing PMN, and fluoresceinated concanavalin A cap formation promoted by H2O2 damage to microtubules were all diminished, but the release of O2- from phagocytizing PMN was not diminished in the vitamin E group. These results support the hypothesis that directed movement and phagocytosis by PMN are attenuated by autooxidative damage to the cell membrane by endogenously derived H2O2 and that the administration in vivo of vitamin E may prevent this damage by scavenging H2O2.
Metabolic crowding effect in suspension of cultured lymphocytes
Authors: Sand T , Condie R , Rosenberg A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We studied the respiration and glucose utilization of suspensions of cultured lymphocytes. Respiration was measured by a couloximetric method using closed systems without a gas-suspension interface. The sensitivity of the method allowed measurements during a time interval of less than 1 hr. We found that the respiration of lymphocytes was strongly density dependent over the range of 10(8)-10(3) cells/ml. Oxygen utilization per cell increased 100-fold with 1000-fold dilution of the cell suspension. Glucose utilization showed little density dependence. We showed that the phenomenon was not due to nutrient depletion, pH shifts, accumulation of lactic acid, nor damage of cells during the dilution. Since in our experiments a gas-liquid interface was absent, the previously suggested explanation of gas diffusion as a limiting factor has been excluded. The experiment was best explained by regulation of respiration by humoral factors produced by the cell suspension.
Plasmapheresis in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Bukowski RM , King JW , Hewlett JS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) have recovered completely after intensive plasmapheresis. The mechanisms responsible for the improvement in these instances are most likely related to the removal of an inciting or damaging agent. The possibility that this agent may be an immune complex is discussed. Plasmapheresis appears to be useful therapy for some patients with this syndrome.
Combination intrathecal therapy for meningeal leukemia: two versus three drugs
Authors: Sullivan MP , Moon TE , Trueworthy R , Vietti TJ , Humphrey GB , Komp D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The comparative effectiveness of intrathecal (IT) combination chemotherapy using two agents, methotrexate (MTX) and hydrocortisone (HDC), and three agents, MTX, HDC, and cytosine arabinoside (CA), in treating meningeal leukemia was determined in a randomized Southwest Oncology Group study. Following central nervous system (CNS) remission induction the same regimen was used for periodic maintenance until CNS relapse supervened. Complete CNS remission was achieved in 100% of 43 children given two-agent therapy and in 96% of 48 children given three- agent therapy. Length of CNS remission for two-agent therapy was 1-150+ wk, median 47.2 wk; for three-agent therapy, remissions were 1-190+ wk, median 64.6 wk. Differences in length of remission curves were not of statistical significance (p=0.71). Toxicity of combination IT chemotherapy in the two- and three-agent regimens was reduced compared to that of IT MTX alone for CNS remission induction and maintenance. The additive effects of the IT drug combinations have been less than expected. The cytocidal activity of these agents when administered simultaneously of sequentially is not fully understood. Further studies are clearly indicated to determine optimum doses, schedules, and sequences for the chemotherapeutic agents which can be given intrathecally in combination.
Ultrastructural, cytochemical, and membrane surface marker characteristics of the atypical lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis
Authors: McKenna RW , Parkin J , Gajl-Peczalska KJ , Kersey JH , Brunning RD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Atypical lymphocytes from nine young adults with acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) were studied for morphologic, ultrastructural, cytochemical, and membrane surface marker characteristics. There was an absolute increase in T lymphocytes in the patients. Atypical lymphocytes accounted for 83%-96% of the lymphocyte population. These lymphocytes contained cytoplasmic inclusions which ranged in size from 1000 to 6000 A, were usually membrane bound, and consisted of parallel arrays of microtubulelike structures. The inclusions, which have been referred to as parallel tubular arrays (PTA), were found in 15%-75% of the lymphocytes from the IM patients. Ultrastructural cytochemical methods demonstrated acid phosphatase activity within many of the membrane-bound PTA. The function of the PTA is unknown. Since they were observed only in the lymphocytes which appeared to correspond to the atypical lymphocytes on light microscopy, the majority of which typed as T cells, there appears to be an association between PTA and T lymphocytes. It is possible that PTA identify a specific subset of T lymphocytes which is expanded in IM. Alternatively, PTA may be a transient finding in lymphocytes appearing only in certain biologic states of the cell such as during T-lymphocyte activation.
Source of hydrogen peroxide and of chemiluminescence observed in activated human platelet preparations
Authors: Krinsky NI , Scoon KL , Hardin JC , Levine PH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human platelet suspensions can be observed to produce small amounts of H2O2 (0.04 nmoles H2O2/min/2.5 X 10(5) cells/cu mm) and measurable chemiluminescence when exposed to target particles for phagocytosis, such as latex spherules. Both H2O2 production and chemiluminescence are characteristic of phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and analysis of the purified platelets indicates contamination by PMN at the level of 0.2%. The amount of H2O2 produced and the chemiluminescence observed can be duplicated by adding latex spheres to a preparation of PMN at a concentration equivalent to the contaminant in the platelet preparations. We conclude that the H2O2 produced and chemiluminescence observed from activated platelets is due to the presence of small amounts of contaminating PMN. These studies emphasize the importance of controlling for PMN contamination in studies of platelet biochemistry and physiology.
Comparison of polymerization of ancrod and thrombin fibrin monomers
Authors: Spellman GG Jr , Macoviak JA , Gralnick HR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The polymerization of thrombin and ancrod fibrin monomers was studied with a standardized technique that evaluated turbidity changes and protein incorporation into the clot. Ancrod fibrin monomers were found to polymerize more slowly and form less turbid clots (at identical protein concentrations). Changes in ionic strength and pH influences ancrod fibrin monomer polymerization to a greater extent than thrombin fibrin monomer polymerization. Benzyltriethylammonium chloride was shown to be a potent inhibitor of fibrin monomer polymerization, with a greater inhibitory effect on ancrod fibrin monomers than on thrombin fibrin monomers. The differences between ancrod and thrombin fibrin may play a role in the infrequent thrombotic complications reported with ancrod therapy.
Treatment of hypoplastic anemia in mice with placental transplants
Authors: Dancis J , Jansen V , Brown GF , Gorstein F , Balis ME 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A genetic mutation in mice (W/Wv) causes an autosomal recessive disease characterized by hypoplastic anemia which lasts throughout life. Double- dominant W/Wv anemic mice were sublethally irradiated to facilitate repopulation of marrow with transplanted cells and were injected intravenously with suspensions of 5–10 million placental cells of 15 days gestation derived from normal, isogeneic donors. Red cell counts fell promptly after irradiation and then rose progressively over a period of weeks, reaching normal levels of the nonmutant. Mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin electrophoresis patterns of red cells in recipient W/Wv mice resembled those of normal donor animals. The therapeutic effect lasted for the duration of the observation period, in some instances over 9 mo. W/Wv mice that were administered Hanks' solution or fetal blood, instead of placental transplants, remained anemic. Late gestation placentas (18 days) were also ineffective.