bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exceeding expectations increases satisfaction among Louisiana waterfowl hunters
Authors: Sullivan Michael C. , Kaller Michael D. , Laborde Lucien P. , Ringelman Kevin M. , Reynolds Larry A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLouisiana surveys waterfowl hunters every 5 years to assess hunter effort, harvest success, demographics, and preferences for proposed regulations and management practices. The 2020 Survey of Louisiana Waterfowl Hunters addressed hunter satisfaction patterns, hunter perceptions on waterfowl migration, associations of field experiences to satisfaction, associations among distribution waves, the efficacy of sample coverage by an email survey, and allowed comparison with hunter satisfaction with surveys in 2005, 2010, and 2015. We distributed a 31‐question survey by email to 73,554 Louisiana waterfowl hunters following the 2019–2020 season. We received 13,483 total responses, of which 8,218 were usable (licensed respondents actively hunting waterfowl during the 2019–2020 season), resulting in a qualified response rate of 12.0%. We compared qualified respondents to the overall population of Harvest Information Program registrants (169,891) and found no significant differences for age class, geographic distribution, and license type. Our results indicated that surveys should be distributed in 3 waves, as the number of days hunted would be overestimated by 7% (mean of 15 days [95% confidence interval = 14.7–15.7] compared to a mean of 14 days [95% confidence interval = 13.7–14.4]) by a single survey. Hunters' satisfaction was independent of which geographic zone they hunted, whether they were members of conservation organizations, or how many waterfowl were seen. Our results also indicated that the probability of greater hunter satisfaction was increased by 98% as the number of waterfowl harvested surpassed 57, by 68% for respondents reporting that their actual harvest exceeded expected harvest by at least one bird, and by 61% for respondents reporting that their actual days hunted exceeded expected days hunted by at least one day.
Comparing winter distribution and harvest rates of transmitter‐marked and banded‐only mallards in western Tennessee
Authors: Masto Nicholas M. , Hagy Heath M. , Blake‐Bradshaw Abigail G. , Highway Cory J. , Feddersen Jamie C. , Keever Allison C. , Cohen Bradley S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe miniaturization of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) transmitters is providing insights into the ecology and management of migratory bird species at biologically‐relevant spatial scales. However, transmitters and their attachment methods could bias inferred behaviors, demographic rates, and resulting management decisions. We evaluated the effects of external harness‐style GPS transmitters by comparing direct harvest rates, winter dispersal distances, and subsequent harvest distributions of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) equipped with GPS transmitters (n = 443) to a tarsal banded‐only control group (n = 1,123) captured in western Tennessee during winters 2019–2022. We found that transmitter‐marked mallards had similar harvest rates, winter dispersal distances, and harvest distributions as banded‐only mallards. Time between capture and harvest predicted dispersal distances but there was no effect of marker type. Specifically, the average time from capture to harvest was 30 (SE = 2) and 31 (SE = 3) days for banded‐only and transmitter‐marked mallards, respectively. Harvest rate () was only 2.2% greater for transmitter‐marked mallards compared to banded‐only mallards overall, but GPS transmitters affected harvest susceptibility of juveniles ( = 14.5%). Based on harvest rates and dispersal distances between transmitter‐marked and banded‐only cohorts, we suggest 7‐ to 10‐day data censoring periods may be warranted, especially for juveniles, as mallards acclimate to GPS transmitters. Overall, we concluded that modern harness‐style GPS transmitters provided reliable information of wintering mallard space use, movements, and harvest mortality and can be used to inform ecology and management of wintering mallards and other dabbling ducks. Future studies should evaluate effects of harness‐style GPS transmitters for other species and during different portions of dabbling ducks' life cycle, such as migration or nesting, when they may experience greater adverse effects.
Loneliness: An Underestimated Public Health Threat
Authors: d’Hombres Béatrice , Mauri Caterina , Schnepf Sylke V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLoneliness has emerged as a prominent concern in recent years, leading to it being described as the ‘epidemic’ of the twenty-first century. The COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with the distancing measures implemented to curb its spread, further heightened those worries. This introductory chapter explores the growing emphasis on loneliness in both public discourse and the political arena and discusses the underlying reasons for this increased public attention. It then presents the recent joint project of the European Commission and the European Parliament aimed at generating additional scientific insights into the risk factors and consequences of loneliness, as well as the effectiveness of loneliness interventions in the European Union. Lastly, the chapter explains the structure and organisation of this volume.
Measuring Loneliness: The European Union Loneliness Survey Covering 27 European Countries
Authors: Mauri Caterina , Barjaková Martina , Berlingieri Francesco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile Chap. 1 introduces the concept of loneliness as a negative feeling associated with perceived deficiencies in the quantity and quality of social relationships, this chapter focuses on how this concept is operationalised and measured in surveys. We start by discussing the literature on the measurement of loneliness, which often relies on the use of psychometric scales. In large-scale surveys the use of a direct question on loneliness, in which the respondents self-report how frequently they feel lonely, is also common. The chapter discusses existing measures of loneliness used by different surveys administered in the European Union, together with their limitations. The chapter then addresses how loneliness is dichotomised in the analysis of survey data, both for scales based on indirect questions and for direct questions, and the potential issues associated with presenting results on loneliness. Finally, the chapter introduces the recent European Union Loneliness Survey (EU Loneliness Survey), the first ad hoc survey on the topic of loneliness covering all European Union member states. It discusses how this survey measures loneliness, and the modules and questions included. A methodological section focuses on survey design and choices related to data collection, highlighting unique features of the survey and discussing its limitations. The chapter concludes with a comparison of overall levels of loneliness according to different measures used in the EU Loneliness Survey across all 27 EU countries.
Who Feels Lonely in the European Union?
Authors: Berlingieri Francesco , Barjaková Martina , Garnero Andrea , Mauri Caterina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyses the prevalence of loneliness in the European Union along several dimensions, exploring vulnerabilities within specific demographic groups and mitigating or triggering factors such as meaningful social connections and life events. The first part of the chapter investigates which demographic and socio-economic groups are more vulnerable to loneliness. In particular, it considers characteristics such as age, gender, socio-economic status, sexual orientation, disability, migration background and population density of the place of residence. The second part of the chapter is devoted to shedding light on the relationship between loneliness and social connectedness. Regression analysis is used to investigate how the risk of feeling lonely is associated with a rich set of variables related to respondents’ social interactions and relationships. Finally, the chapter looks into life events that might trigger loneliness. Major life transitions, such as retirement or leaving the education system, may bring disruptions to people’s social networks and thus increase the risk of feeling lonely.
Social Media Use and Loneliness
Authors: d’Hombres Béatrice , Gentile Chiara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe growth in popularity of social media platforms all over the world has led to an unprecedented increase in people’s ability to communicate with one another. This has given rise to a number of concerns about the potential social impact of these platforms. The European Union Loneliness Survey contains some useful information on social media consumption in the EU. The first part of this chapter relies on this unique source of information to explore patterns of social media use across EU member states and by age group. It sheds light on the time spent on social media tools as well as on addiction patterns. The second part of the chapter examines the relationship between social media usage and loneliness.
Loneliness, Societal Preferences and Political Attitudes
Authors: Langenkamp Alexander , Stepanova Elena 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLoneliness and social and civic behaviours are intertwined in complex ways, and only a limited number of studies have explored these relationships. This chapter explains why loneliness and social isolation not only have implications for the health of the individuals affected (which is the focus of Chap. 4) but also can be seen as a threat to the well-being of our societies and to the vitality of our democracies. The chapter illustrates that loneliness and isolation are not just conceptually distinct but are associated with divergent outcomes. We find that behavioural preferences reported by lonely individuals differ widely from those reported by socially isolated individuals for many societal contexts, highlighting that being alone is different from being lonely. Loneliness and social isolation are both correlated with low interpersonal trust and reduced political efficacy (the extent to which a person thinks their voice counts in politics). However, lonely individuals tend to be more inclined to engage in risk-taking behaviours, potentially impacting community safety. Moreover, in contrast to socially isolated individuals, lonely individuals exhibit a greater willingness to donate to good causes and volunteer for charities and non-profit organisations. They also show a more long-term orientation, saying that they prioritise long-term benefits over short-term gains.
Counteracting the Effects of Loneliness: Empirical Research and Policy Interventions
Authors: Casabianca Elizabeth J. , Nurminen Minna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on policy interventions to tackle loneliness and is divided into three main parts. The first part of the chapter showcases results on loneliness interventions based on the EU Loneliness Survey, which collected information about respondents’ awareness of loneliness interventions in their country and their views about the role different actors should play in supporting lonely people. Findings related to social stigma surrounding loneliness and measures used by lonely people to mitigate their feelings of loneliness are also discussed. The second part of the chapter provides an overview of existing loneliness interventions using categorisations proposed by the literature. To gain insight on how loneliness is addressed in practice, this section also presents examples from the EU-wide Mapping of Loneliness Interventions. The third and final part of the chapter tackles the issue of the effectiveness of loneliness interventions. This section is informed by the literature and exchanges with experts and practitioners in the field, and includes a non-exhaustive list of common success factors in effective loneliness interventions.
Taking Stock of Loneliness in the European Union: A Future Pathway
Authors: Schnepf Sylke V. , Mauri Caterina , d’Hombres Béatrice 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLooking back at the preceding seven chapters, this chapter reflects on specific features of loneliness risk factors and potential consequences and evaluates the effectiveness of loneliness interventions in the European Union. In addition, the chapter highlights the unique features of the EU Loneliness Survey and suggests avenues for future research. Finally, the authors discuss the importance of monitoring loneliness over time and reflect on policy developments in the European Union and globally.
Introduction
Authors: Bernardini Gabriele , Cantatore Elena , Fatiguso Fabio , Quagliarini Enrico 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTerrorist phenomenon implies complex risks for the urban built environment (BE), due to the combination of perpetrator behaviour, user reaction to possible attacks, and the characterizing features of the BE itself. Among possible scenarios which can attract terrorist acts, outdoor Open Areas (OAs) surely represent critical conditions especially since they are ideal “soft targets”. On one side, OAs can be affected by (over)crowding, as well as can have a symbolic value due to the intended uses hosted outdoors and in the facing buildings. On the other side, OAs are also generally characterized by non-structured protection measures due to the possibility to host public, contrarily to “hard targets”, such as government buildings or critical infrastructures, where restricted access areas, control systems, and security strategies are widely implemented. This chapter traces the principles for understanding terroristic phenomenon in OAs, and provides basic insights to move from the phenomenology of terrorist acts to the definition of Risk Mitigation and Reduction Strategies according to guidelines and normative framework. The role of user behaviour in such sudden-onset emergencies is also discussed by underlining the connection between the terrorist act, the OAs features and the implemented solutions, since these events can also generally imply the activation of evacuation as one of the most effective protection measures to increase users’ safety levels.
Terrorist Risk in Urban Outdoor Built Environment: Influencing Factors and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Bernardini Gabriele , Cantatore Elena , Fatiguso Fabio , Quagliarini Enrico 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStarting from the established and common principles of the terrorism threat in the cities, this chapter presents the results of the phenomenological analysis in Europe and reorganizes the main literature and international experiences in the prevention, mitigation, and management of the threat in the built environment in order to delineate the factors that influence the risk of outdoor Open Areas (OAs) as “soft targets”. In fact, if several previous experiences have already investigated the effects of events on people involved, the strategies used by perpetrators and tested mitigative strategies in detailed case studies following an “a posteriori” approach, a unique approach to describe and discuss the risk of OAs seems to be still unexplored. The aim is thus reached by merging two levels of details. I) The assessment of events during the last 20 years in Western Europe allows to understand how (the attack type) and why (which uses affect the likelihood of events) OAs are emergent “soft targets”. On the other hand, II) the critical categorization of Risk Mitigation and Reduction Strategies already experimented and regulated in the international panorama helps in highlighting how such soft targets can be physically improved towards resilient parts of the cities.
User Behaviour in Terrorist Acts to Model the Evacuation in Outdoor Open Areas
Authors: Bernardini Gabriele , Cantatore Elena , Fatiguso Fabio , Quagliarini Enrico 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe resilience of the urban built environment to terrorist acts depends on the interactions among the physical scenario, the attackers, the hosted users, and the mitigation solutions (both structural and non-structural), when implemented. Outdoor Open Areas mainly show a high level of complexity in these terms, and thus, expert risk assessment methods to be applied in such contexts should be also supported by simulation-based approaches, which can be able to manage and describe these interactions in a holistic manner. The behavioural design approach can be used to evaluate the impact of different input conditions on final risk levels depending on the users’ response to the terrorist act. In fact, this approach relies on the experimental-based modelling of user behaviours and individual vulnerability, and on the related simulation in emergency and evacuation scenarios. This Chapter hence traces bases for user behaviour modelling in terrorist acts.
A Case Study Application: Vittorio Veneto Square in Matera, Italy
Authors: Bernardini Gabriele , Cantatore Elena , Fatiguso Fabio , Quagliarini Enrico 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe chapter applies the theories and methods for terrorist risk assessment and behavioural analysis presented in this book to the peculiar case study of Vittorio Veneto Square in Matera, a city in the Basilicata region located in the south of Italy. This outdoor Open Area (OA) is representative in view of the presence of several special buildings, defining a high potential level of attractiveness for terrorist acts. Moreover, the square is characterized by a high level of tourist attraction for the strategic position near the “Sassi”, the UNESCO site of Matera, and this condition increases the relevance as a soft target because of significant users’ exposure. Scenarios for risk assessment are first created, and then behavioural-based assessment is performed thanks to a validated simulation model, considering the current conditions of the square. Scenarios referring to the evacuation of the square (without interactions between the crowd and the perpetrators) are compared with those related to an armed assault with cold weapons, using behavioural-based key performance indicators. Then, selected mitigation strategies based on emergency planning, and thus compatible with the cultural and historical relevance of the place, have been considered and tested according to the same approach. Applying the proposed approach is expected to support decision-makers and, mainly, local administrations while evaluating the OAs resilience towards terrorist acts, thus boosting the risk assessment and mitigation planning.
Conclusions and Perspectives
Authors: Bernardini Gabriele , Cantatore Elena , Fatiguso Fabio , Quagliarini Enrico 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRisk assessment and mitigation again terrorist acts in outdoor Open Areas (OAs) should be based not only on the analysis of possible hazard, physical vulnerability, and perpetrator behaviours and “modus operandi”, but also on joint investigation of the user exposure, vulnerability, and behaviours in emergency conditions. A behavioural design approach relying on the analysis of emergency and evacuation via simulation tools could support these tasks, since it is able to represent complex interactions among these factors and to include users’ reaction and needs to the terrorist event. Indeed, this approach should be supported by quick methods for scenario creation, balancing efforts to manage reliable data and to determine critical phenomena in the OAs. This book offers the definition of a risk assessment and mitigation methodology according to such an approach, applying it to a relevant real-world OA to demonstrate its capabilities in supporting local authorities and their technicians in facing terrorist acts in (over)crowded situations. Different conditions in attack points, users’ exposure and vulnerability and implemented mitigation strategies are derived and tested through simulations, allowing to determine users’ risk levels in emergency and evacuation depending on the combination of such inputs. Nevertheless, the capabilities of the methodology and of its tools should be extended, thus needing further efforts related to both research and practice. This chapter first traces an overview of the main objectives and then suggests future directions for this approach development and application according to both researchers and decision-makers’ standpoints.
Supersymmetric black hole hair and AdS3 × S3
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Subhodip , Srivastava Yogesh K. , Virmani Amitabh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The 4D-5D connection allows us to view the same near horizon geometry as part of a 4D black hole or a 5D black hole. A much studied example of this phenomenon is the BMPV black hole uplifted to 6D with flat base space versus Taub-NUT base space. These black holes have identical near horizon AdS3 × S3 geometry. In this paper, we study modes in AdS3 × S3 and identify those that correspond to supersymmetric hair modes in the full black hole spacetimes. We show that these modes satisfy non-normalisable boundary conditions in AdS3. The non-normalisable boundary conditions are different for different hair modes and for different asymptotic completion. We also discuss how the supersymmetric hair modes on BMPV black holes fit into the classification of supersymmetric solutions of 6D supergravity.
Data-driven analysis of the beauty hadron production in pp collisions at the LHC with Bayesian unfolding
Authors: Bai Xiaozhi , Li Guangsheng , Zhang Yifei , Situ Qingyi , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Heavy flavour production in proton-proton (pp) collisions provides insights into the fundamental properties of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Beauty hadron production measurements are widely performed through indirect approaches based on their inclusive decay modes. A Bayesian unfolding data-driven analysis of the ALICE and LHCb data was performed in this study, which recovers the full kinematic information of the beauty hadrons via different inclusive decay channels. The corresponding beauty hadron production cross sections obtained after the Bayesian unfolding are found to be consistent within their uncertainties. The weighted average open beauty production cross sections are presented as a function of the transverse momentum and rapidity in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 5.02 TeV and $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13 TeV, respectively. The pT-integrated open beauty production dσ/dy and the total $$ \textrm{b}\overline{\textrm{b}} $$
b

b
¯

cross section $$ {\sigma}_{\textrm{b}\overline{\textrm{b}}} $$

σ

b

b
¯

are also reported. The precision of these results significantly improves upon worldwide measurements, providing valuable validation and constraints on mechanisms of heavy flavour production in pp collisions at the LHC energies.
On the definition of Carrollian amplitudes in general dimensions
Authors: Liu Wen-Bin , Long Jiang , Xiao Hong-Yang , Yang Jing-Long 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Carrollian amplitude is the natural object that defines the correlator of the boundary Carrollian field theory. In this work, we will elaborate on its proper definition in general dimensions. We use the vielbein field on the unit sphere to define the fundamental field with non-vanishing helicity in the local Cartesian frame which is the building block of the Carrollian amplitude. In general dimensions, the Carrollian amplitude is related to the momentum space scattering matrix by a modified Fourier transform. The Poincaré transformation law of the Carrollian amplitude in this definition has been discussed. We also find an isomorphism between the local rotation of the vielbein field and the superduality transformation.