bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4
Authors: Nelson Erica , Brammer Gabriel , Giménez-Arteaga Clara , Oesch Pascal A. , Naidu Rohan P. , Übler Hannah , Matharu Jasleen , Shapley Alice E. , Whitaker Katherine E. , Wisnioski Emily , Förster Schreiber Natascha M. , Smit Renske , van Dokkum Pieter , Chisholm John , Endsley Ryan , Hartley Abigail I. , Gibson Justus , Giovinazzo Emma , Illingworth Garth , Labbe Ivo , Maseda Michael V. , Matthee Jorryt , Covelo Paz Alba , Price Sedona H. , Reddy Naveen A. , Shivaei Irene , Weibel Andrea , Wuyts Stijn , Xiao Mengyuan , Alberts Stacey , Baker William M. , Bunker Andrew J. , Cameron Alex J. , Charlot Stephane , Eisenstein Daniel J. , de Graaff Anna , Ji Zhiyuan , Johnson Benjamin D. , Jones Gareth C. , Maiolino Roberto , Robertson Brant , Sandles Lester , Suess Katherine A. , Tacchella Sandro , Williams Christina C. , Witstok Joris 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements for a galaxy at z > 5. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted as rotation, yields V
rot = 305 ± 70 km s−1, and we hence refer to this galaxy as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of r

e
= 2.25 kpc, the high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size, as may be expected in the early Universe, but rather to a high total mass,

log
(

M
dyn

/

M
⊙

)
=
11.2
±
0.2

. This is a factor of roughly 10× higher than the stellar mass within r

e
. We also observe that the radial Hα equivalent width profile and the specific star formation rate map from resolved stellar population modeling are centrally depressed by a factor of ∼1.5 from the center to r

e
. Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside out. While large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z ∼ 2, the existence of one after only 1 Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history of the Universe.
A remarkable Cornish site for ground-nesting bees and wasps
Authors: Whitfield James , Cameron Sydney 
Published: November 2024

The south coast of the UK features a number of habitats rich in ground-nesting aculeate wasps and bees. Many of these are in predominantly sandy areas due to nesting requirements, but adjacent heathland may be especially critical in providing rich flower sources for these insects.
A surprisingly small transition zone between Hard Cliff and Maritime Heath habitats was found to support an unusually rich local fauna of ground-nesting bees and wasps, near the top of a promontory known as Carn Du, SE of Lamorna Cove in south-western Cornwall. In an area of partly exposed sandy soil measuring approximately 20 m2, more than twenty species (ten solitary bees, 10 aculeate wasps) were found during summer 2024, along with a handful of rarely observed species. We report the species found nesting there and illustrate many of them via field photographs.
The Ideology of Pragmatic Humeanism
Authors: Hildebrand Tyler 
Published: November 2024

According to the Humean Best Systems Account, laws are generalizations in the best systematization of non-modal matters of fact. Recently, it has become popular to interpret the notion of a best system pragmatically. The best system is sensitive to our interests—that is, to our goals, abilities, and limitations. This account promises a metaphysically minimalistic analysis of laws, but I argue that it is not as minimalistic as it might appear. Some of the concepts it employs are modally robust, leading to a dilemma.
Identifying Primitive Individuals
Authors: Wörner David 
Published: November 2024

According to a widespread contention, individuals are among the basic building blocks of the world. The contention, however, raises a perennial problem. If individuals are basic, they cannot be fully accounted for in terms of their empirically detectable qualities. But then, how can we detect, or know, or identify, individuals? Shamik Dasgupta has influentially argued that considerations along these lines, together with a lesson from the history of physics, should make us reject any picture on which individuals are basic constituents of reality. In this paper, I defend such a picture against Dasgupta’s argument.
Right Ventricular Myxoma Presenting in a Patient With Known Arteriovenous Malformations in the Brain: A Case Report
Authors: Kocher Matthew , Scarlata Maria , Capuano Paolo , Bonicolini Eleonora , Piacentini Alberto , Asaro Pamela , Morsolini Marco , Panarello Giovanna , Burgio Gaetano , Pilato Michele 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Cardiac myxomas extending from the right ventricle are uncommon and this rare condition is potentially associated with several risks and poor outcomes. We report the case of a patient with a right ventricular myxoma who had a recent haemorrhagic stroke due to an arteriovenous malformation. The preoperative and intraoperative managements were challenging and required several difficult choices by the medical team and consequently, a multidisciplinary approach and a benefit-risk evaluation were necessary to determinate timely surgical resection in an urgent situation, simultaneously avoiding delayed or improper treatments, achieving a successful outcome in a very high-risk situation.
Fundus screening for peripheral retinal lesions in myopic patients before refractive surgery using ultra-wide field scanning laser ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Elhady Amr M. , Elnaggar Osama R. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultra-wide field (UWF) scanning laser ophthalmoscopy using the Optomap 200Tx (Optos) in detecting peripheral retinal lesions in myopic patients.

Patients and methods
A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted from June 2023 to March 2024 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. It included 162 eyes of 81 myopic patients (35 males and 46 females). The mean age of the participants was 23.85±3.81 years (range=18–33 years). The mean spherical equivalent of the refractive error was −4.83±1.38 D (range=−1.50 to −7.75 D). All patients were subjected to full ophthalmic assessment. UWF scanning laser ophthalmoscopy using Optomap 200Tx (Optos) without pupillary dilatation with both standard and eye-steering imaging was done and the findings were compared to findings of the dilated fundus examination with slit-lamp biomicroscopy using a 90 D fundus lens.

Results
Variable degrees of tessellated fundus were observed in 38.3% of the cases with the mydriatic slit-lamp fundus examination with 90 D lens and in 39.5% with Optomap (Optos) imaging, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.837). Similarly, peripheral pigmentary degenerations were noted in 28.4% and in 30.2% of the cases, respectively, with no significant difference between the two methods (P=0.708). Lattice degenerations were identified in 19.8% and in 20.4% of the cases, respectively, with no significant difference (P=0.825). White without pressure lesions were present in 5.5 and 6.8% of the cases, respectively, with no significant difference (P=0.695). Additionally, atrophic holes and vitreoretinal adhesions were observed in 0.6% of the cases using both methods, indicating no significant difference (P=1.000).

Conclusion
Optomap 200Tx (Optos) UWF imaging using the eye-steering technique was a valuable method for detecting peripheral retinal lesions in myopic patients.
Legislation, Acts and Policies for Persons with Disabilities in India
Authors: Moirangthem Monica , Singh Akoijam Joy , Singh Longjam Nilachandra , Devi Khwairakpam Selina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines the evolution and impact of disability laws in India, focusing on their role in protecting the rights and promoting the inclusion of persons with disabilities (PwDs). It traces the historical development of these laws from the pre-independence era to the landmark PwDs Act of 1995. The article discusses how disability legislation addresses discrimination, mandates accessibility measures and fosters equal opportunities in education, employment and public services. While acknowledging the progress made, the study also highlights the ongoing challenges in implementing and enforcing these laws effectively. The research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of India’s disability legal framework, its historical context and current efforts to enhance the lives of PwDs through improved accessibility, education, employment opportunities and social inclusion.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sensory Challenges in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Majumdar Ritu , Agarwal Jyoti , Bhardwaj Shikha Bhatnagar , Rani Pooja , Chauhan Sonal , Preenja Ravi Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aim and Objective:
This study aimed to find out the proportion of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) whose sensory challenges improved, remained unchanged or deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic and the relation between changes in sensory issues with social factors such as family’s income, structure, education and other environmental factors.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done in the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation, from February 2021 to February 2022. Mothers of 100 follow-up diagnosed cases of children with ASD in the age group of 3–10 years were provided with a 30-item parent interview questionnaire on various sensory issues faced by children.

Results:
Out of 100 children, in 23%, there was an improvement in sensory symptoms, in 48% sensory symptoms remained the same and in 29%, there was deterioration in sensory symptoms.

Conclusion:
A significant difference in sensory challenges of children in the improvement group and deterioration group was found in Kuppuswamy socioeconomic Class I and children taking some form of education before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Comparison between Topical Platelet-rich Plasma and Normal Saline Dressing in Conjunction with Total Contact Casting in Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer – A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Das Subha , Kumar Anjani , Kumar Sanyal , Pandey Sanjay Kumar , Kumar Niraj , Kumar Ranjeet 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Effective wound care is crucial in managing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), with practices such as wound cleaning and maintaining moisture being essential. The total-contact cast (TCC) is a recognized and effective method for off-loading plantar ulcers. This study compares the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and normal saline (NS) dressings, both combined with TCC, in the treatment of DFUs.

Methods:
A total of 108 patients with diabetic foot ulcers were randomly divided into three groups: PRP, NS, and TCC, with 36 patients in each group. The PRP group received autologous PRP followed by TCC application, the NS group received wet NS dressings followed by TCC application, and the TCC group had TCC alone. Patients were followed every 15 days for 90 days, with wound measurements taken and TCC reapplied at each visit. Wound healing was assessed based on the time to heal and the PUSH score.

Results:
Baseline wound sizes were similar across groups, but by day 90, the PRP group showed a greater reduction in wound size (0.61±1.20) compared to the NS (1.58±1.55) and TCC groups (1.22±1.34). The PRP group also had the most significant improvement in PUSH scores, indicating superior wound healing.

Conclusion:
PRP, NS, and TCC are all effective in DFU treatment, but PRP combined with TCC is statistically superior in enhancing wound healing and reducing the frequency of hospital visit.
The Biomechanical Interpretation of Claw Hand Deformity with Principle and Application of Anti-claw Orthosis/Splint in Hand Rehabilitation: A Descriptive Management Strategy in Daily Clinical Practice
Authors: Prakash Achintya , Kumar Raj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Orthosis/splints for the claw hand deformity have been in use for several decades for rehabilitation of the hand after isolated ulnar palsy or combined ulnar and median nerve palsy. In the current study, we have reviewed the anatomy and pathomechanics of claw hand deformity, the mechanical principles of various types of hand splints/orthosis and their clinical application in hand rehabilitation.
Hepatitis B Vaccination Status, Knowledge, and Attitudes among Healthcare Workers in Military Hospital, Khartoum State: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yahia Saffaa , Babiker Somia , Mohamed Moatasem Gasmallah , Ahmed Abazar Hussin , Babiker Ameen Awad Al-Amin , Altayeb Ehab Ahmed , Hassan Hassan Gamal , Maisra Mubark , Saeed Ali Awadallah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a significant public health issue that causes a substantial number of cases of hepatitis-related illness and death. It is particularly important to vaccinate healthcare workers (HCWs), as they face a higher risk of HBV infection due to their exposure to infected blood and other bodily fluids in their line of work. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently recommends HBV vaccination for adult populations at risk of infection. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the vaccination status, knowledge, and attitudes of HCWs toward HBV vaccination in a military hospital.

Materials and Methods:
An institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study performed between May 2022 and September 2022 for HCWs working in Omdurman Military Hospital who were available at the time of data collection; data were collected using a self-administered and online questionnaire; the obtained results were analyzed.

Results and Conclusion:
Only 50% of HCWs in military hospitals possessed adequate knowledge, while the majority exhibited a positive attitude toward HBV infection. In terms of vaccination status, approximately two-thirds of HCWs were immunized, but only half of them completed the recommended number of vaccine doses. The educational activities of the infection control training programs should be strengthened to enhance the awareness of HCWs regarding HBV infection and vaccination. It is necessary to implement comprehensive vaccination programs against hepatitis B in various medical fields. In addition, a mandatory and cost-free policy for hepatitis B vaccination should be established for HCWs and medical students.
Effectiveness of Chlorambucil as Front-line Therapy in Sudanese Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Attending Khartoum Oncology Hospital
Authors: Mohammed Suad Z. , Ali Nadeen T. , Ahmed Kannan O. , Yousef Bashir Alsiddig 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Chlorambucil was the standard of care therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), it becomes restricted for a specific type of CLL population, due to the launching of more effective anticancer agents. However, in Sudan, chlorambucil remains the first-line therapy in CLL. Thus, the study aimed to determine the effectiveness of chlorambucil in Sudanese CLL patients who attended the Khartoum Oncology Hospital from January 2014 to October 2017.

Methods:
This was a descriptive retrospective hospital-based study in which files of patients who met the inclusion criteria were critically reviewed using a data collection sheet. The main response indicative parameters were lymphocytes count, lymph node enlargement, and organomegaly status. Effectiveness was assessed by measuring the overall response rate (ORR) as the primary endpoint and the progression-free survival (PFS) as the secondary endpoint.

Results:
A total of 64 patients were included, 62.5% of them were male. The majority of them (59.4%) were aged ≥65 years old. Clinically, 43.8% of these patients were at stage IV. Around 63.1% of the patients received high dosages of chlorambucil. The median PFS for chlorambucil was 18 months. The complete clinical and partial remission rates were 24.4% and 20%, respectively. The ORR was significantly higher with the higher dose of chlorambucil (P = 0.019). While in terms of PFS, there was an insignificant difference between high dose (15 months) and small dose (22 months) of chlorambucil.

Conclusion:
In CLL Sudanese patients, chlorambucil was shown to have low response rates. High doses of chlorambucil lead to induction of better ORR, but there was no additional benefit in PFS compared to those who received low doses of chlorambucil.
Band in Hand - A Case Report of Rubber Band Syndrome
Authors: Sundaram Subbulakshmi , Swaminathan G. Ashok , Narayanan Anish Sunder 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rubber band syndrome (RBS) is a rare condition that occurs in children who wear rubber bands around their wrists for decorative or religious purposes. Over a period of time, the rubber bands have the potential to pierce through the skin and soft tissues, causing constriction and damage to the underlying structures. We present the case of a 4-year-old boy with painless swelling of the right wrist, which was later diagnosed as RBS. This case highlights the importance of raising awareness about the potential dangers of wearing rubber bands on the wrist and the need for prompt diagnosis and management to prevent further complications.
Identification of a Social Problem: Fast-food Intake among Youth – An Interactive Narrative Review
Authors: Krubaa P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fast food is a type of food that is prepared and served quickly, often available for take-out or drive-thru, and typically offered by restaurants, chains, or franchises. This is an interactive narrative review that brings to the surface the real challenge of youth fast-food consumption as an emerging issue linked with serious health complications such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. According to many research studies, it has been indicated that young people “over-consume” fast foods hugely, whereby in the United States, 34% of children and adolescents consume fast food daily, and similar trends are being observed across the globe. For instance, some of the contributing factors such as convenience, affordability, aggressive marketing, and high accessibility, together with parental influence, have acted as the potential reasons behind this behavior. These facts highlight the importance of establishing efficient food-related lifestyle modification measures. Among the existing solutions are nutrition education, new policies for school meals, parental involvement, rules for food marketing, and community-based applications. Once more, however, the implementation of such measures is hindered by budget constraints, resistance to market regulations, and a plethora of cultural preferences. These challenges can be mitigated by innovative approaches such as gamifying healthy eating, through augmented and virtual reality experiences, using healthy food trucks, and partnering with social media influencers. Other innovations are the redesign of healthy school cafeterias and classes using these interactivities to spark young minds to embrace the food laboratory experiences. New ideas are also shared in terms of community-shared agriculture programs, digital educational resources for parents, youth-led advocacy groups, and virtual cooking competitions. The final remark underscores the necessity of developing multidimensional, innovative approaches incorporating gamification, technology, and community that help foster a healthy eating environment for children. By empowering our young people as agents of change and arming families, schools, communities, and policymakers with the right skills and tools, we can reduce the risks for health problems related to fast-food consumption and offer brighter prospects for long-term health gains among the younger generation.
A Case of Cryptococcosis Due to a New Cryptococcus Neoformans Sequence Type in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Dai Fangfang , Yu Yanhua , Lou Jinli , Lu Xinxin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT.
In this article, we report a male patient infected with HIV presenting with cryptococcal meningitis, pneumonia, and bloodstream infection, along with intestinal obstruction and gastrointestinal bleeding. Cerebrospinal fluid and bloodstream analyses revealed the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans complex. The isolated strain was sequenced and was found to belong to Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii with a new sequence type (ST). The strain led to fatal multisystemic cryptococcosis in a short time, and the patient died due to hemorrhagic shock because of gastrointestinal bleeding despite emergency rescue efforts. There are few reports about cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients caused by new ST isolates. We report a new Cryptococcus neoformans ST (ST702) isolate causing infection in an HIV-infected patient, which merits further study and clinical attention.
Diversity and Prevalence of Helminths and Protozoa Among Pregnant Women in Tropical Ecuador: Implications for Chemotherapy
Authors: Calvopina Manuel , Contreras Jesse , Cevallos William , Lee Gwenyth , Levy Karen , Eisenberg Joseph N. S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT.
Deworming for pregnant women using a single dose of albendazole or mebendazole is recommended by the WHO in areas where the baseline prevalence of hookworm and/or trichuriasis is >20%. However, other helminths and protozoa infecting pregnant women are not affected by these drugs and dosages. To assess the prevalence and diversity of intestinal helminth and protozoan infections, we analyzed stool samples from pregnant women recently enrolled into a birth cohort, along a rural-urban gradient in northern coastal Ecuador from 2019 to 2022. Participants provided a stool sample in their third trimester (n = 444). Samples were concentrated by the Ritchie method and observed microscopically for the detection of cysts, eggs, and larvae. The overall prevalence of infection with one or more parasites was 69% (95% CI: 67–74%), ranging from 52% in urban participants to 76% in rural participants (percentile rank = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07–1.87). This differential between urban and rural communities persisted when data were disaggregated into helminth and protozoan infections (prevalence = 19% and 46%, respectively, in urban participants compared with 42% and 58% among rural participants). The most prevalent helminth was Ascaris lumbricoides (27%), followed by Trichuris trichiura (13%) and hookworm (7.4%). Hymenolepis nana, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Enterobius vermicularis were also observed. Six protozoan pathogens were detected, including Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (23%), Giardia intestinalis (5%), and Balantidium coli, along with nine protozoa that are nonpathogenic or of debated pathogenicity. The high infection burden and diversity of intestinal parasites found in this study highlight a need to revise strategies for preventing and treating intestinal parasitic infections in pregnant women.