bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Photodynamic Therapy with Redaporfin on Tumor Oxygenation and Blood Flow in a Lung Cancer Mouse Model
Authors: Karwicka Malwina , Pucelik Barbara , Gonet Michał , Elas Martyna , Dąbrowski Janusz M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThree photodynamic therapy (PDT) protocols with 15 min, 3 h and 72 h drug-to-light time intervals (DLIs) were performed using a bacteriochlorin named redaporfin, as a photosensitizer. Blood flow and pO2 changes after applying these protocols were investigated in a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) mouse model and correlated with long-term tumor responses. In addition, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of redaporfin in LLC cells were evaluated. Our in vitro tests revealed negligible cytotoxicity, significant cellular uptake, generation of singlet oxygen, superoxide ion and hydroxyl radicals in the cells and changes in the mechanism of cell death as a function of the light dose. Results of in vivo studies showed that treatment focused on vascular destruction (V-PDT) leads to a highly effective long-term antineoplastic response mediated by a strong deprivation of blood supply. Tumors in 67% of the LLC bearing mice treated with V-PDT regressed completely and did not reappear for over 1 year. This significant efficacy can be attributed to photosensitizer (PS) properties as well as distribution and accurate control of oxygen level and density of vessels before and after PDT. V-PDT has a greater potential for success than treatment based on longer DLIs as usually applied in clinical practice.
miR-146a Deficiency Accelerates Hepatic Inflammation Without Influencing Diet-induced Obesity in Mice
Authors: Javidan Aida , Jiang Weihua , Okuyama Michihiro , Thiagarajan Devi , Yang Lihua , Moorleghen Jessica J. , Muniappan Latha , Subramanian Venkateswaran 
Published: September 2019

AbstractmiR-146a, an anti-inflammatory microRNA, is shown to be a negative regulator of adipocyte inflammation. However, the functional contribution of miR-146a in the development of obesity is not defined. In order to determine whether miR-146a influences diet-induced obesity, mice that were either wild type (WT) or miR-146a deficient (KO) were fed with high (60% kcal) fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Deficiency of miR-146a did not influence obesity measured as HFD-induced body weight and fat mass gain, or metabolism of glucose and insulin tolerance. In addition, adipocyte apoptosis, adipose tissue collagen and macrophage accumulation as detected by TUNEL, Picro Sirius and F4/80 immunostaining, respectively, were comparable between the two groups of mice. Although, miR-146a deficiency had no influence on HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, interestingly, it significantly increased obesity-induced inflammatory responses in liver tissue. The present study demonstrates that miR-146a deficiency had no influence on the development of HFD-induced obesity and adipose tissue remodeling, whereas it significantly increased hepatic inflammation in obese mice. This result suggests that miR-146a regulates hepatic inflammation during development of obesity.
The role of anthrax toxin protein receptor 1 as a new mechanosensor molecule and its mechanotransduction in BMSCs under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Cheng Baixiang , Liu Yanzheng , Zhao Ying , Li Qiang , Liu Yanli , Wang Junjun , Chen Yongjin , Zhang Min 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnthrax toxin protein receptor (ANTXR) 1 has many similarities to integrin and is regarded in some respects as a single-stranded integrin protein. However, it is not clear whether ANTXR1 responds to mechanical signals secondary to the activation of integrins or whether it is a completely new, independent and previously undiscovered mechanosensor that responds to an undefined subset of mechanical signaling molecules. Our study demonstrates that ANTXR1 is a novel mechanosensor on the cell membrane, acting independently from the classical mechanoreceptor molecule integrinβ1. We show that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) respond to the hydrostatic pressure towards chondrogenic differentiation partly through the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β/β-Catenin signaling pathway, which can be partly regulated by ANTXR1 and might be related to the direct binding between ANTXR1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 5/6. In addition, ANTXR1 specifically activates Smad2 and upregulates Smad4 expression to facilitate the transport of activated Smad2 to the nucleus to regulate chondrogenesis, which might be related to the direct binding between ANTXR1 and Actin/Fascin1. We also demonstrate that ANTXR1 binds to some extent with integrinβ1, but this interaction does not affect the expression and function of either protein under pressure. Thus, we conclude that ANTXR1 plays a crucial role in BMSC mechanotransduction and controls specific signaling pathways that are distinct from those of integrin to influence the chondrogenic responses of BMSCs under hydrostatic pressure.
Annihilating Pores in the Desired Layer of a Porous Silicon Bilayer with Different Porosities for Layer Transfer
Authors: Chiang C.-C. , Lee Benjamin T.-H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA silicon layer that is tens of micrometers thick on a handle substrate is desired for applications involving power devices, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), highly efficient silicon solar cells (<50 µm), etc. In general, if the initial silicon layer obtained from the layer transfer process using the etch-stop or ion-cut techniques, which may provide very accurate thickness control, is too thin, then additional epitaxial growth is required to increase the thickness of the silicon layer. However, epitaxial growth under strict predeposition conditions is a time-consuming and expensive process. On the other hand, producing porous silicon via anodization in a hydrofluoric acid solution offers an efficient way to control the dimensions of the generated pores directly on the nano- or macroscale via the current density. When sintering the porous layer via high-temperature argon annealing, the porosity of the porous layer determines whether this porous layer can serve as a device layer or a separation layer. In addition, it is clearly easier to create a transferred layer ten of micrometers thick via anodization than by ion implantation and/or epitaxial deposition.
The Association between Body Composition using Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry and Type-2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational studies
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Lanca Carla , Gan Alfred T. L. , Soh Pauline , Thakur Sahil , Tao Yijin , Kumari Neelam , Man Ryan E. K. , Fenwick Eva K. , Lamoureux Ecosse L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe association between objective measures of body composition (BC) with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between several body composition (BC) indices assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and T2DM. Using PRISMA guidelines, we searched for observational studies investigating BC measures, including total body fat mass (BFM), visceral fat mass (VFM), subcutaneous fat mass (SFM), and fat free mass (FFM); and T2DM. Of 670 titles initially identified, 20 were included. High VFM was consistently associated with T2DM. For every kg increase in VFM, the odds of having T2DM increased by two-fold for males (OR 2.28 [95% CI 1.42 to 3.65], p = 0.001) and more than 4-fold for females (OR 4.24 [1.64 to 11.02], p = 0.003). The presence of T2DM was associated with 2-fold higher odds of low FFM (OR 2.38 [1.44 to 3.95]). We found evidence that greater VFM is a risk factor for prevalent and incident T2DM. While the presence of T2DM is associated with reduced FFM; the relationship between FFM and BFM with T2DM remains unclear. Reducing VFM and increasing FFM through lifestyle changes may reduce the risk of T2DM and mitigate its deleterious effect on BC, respectively.
Characterisation of high molecular weight hop proanthocyanidins using Analytical Ultracentrifugation
Authors: Gadon Arthur , Linforth Robert , Harding Stephen E. , Cook David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report the novel application of Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUCF) to characterise the polymeric proanthocyanidin fraction of hops. Extraction of hop samples with 70% acetone (aq) followed by a C-18 Solid Phase Extraction yielded polyphenolic fractions for AUCF analysis. Sedimentation velocity experiments demonstrated the presence of discrete molecular weight bands of proanthocyanidins, as opposed to a continuous distribution of molecular weights. There were 4 such bands for Saaz hop (0.15, 1.1, 2.7 and 4.4S) and 3 bands for Magnum (0.15, 1.6 and 3.0S). The method resulted in a reproducible size (sedimentation coefficient) distribution for replicate runs of the same extract and for extracts prepared from different samples of the same hop variety. Sedimentation equilibrium experiments were then used to fit molecular weight distributions using the new SEDFIT-MSTAR method for the same samples. Thus we report for the first time polymeric proanthocyanidins in hops with molecular weights of up to 100 kDa in Saaz hop (or up to 56 kDa in Magnum). This represents the first application of AUCF to characterise complex fractions of polyphenolics extracted from botanical sources and the methodology developed should find wider application in the study of this diverse and bioactive class of compounds.
Estimation of a whole plant Q10 to assess seagrass productivity during temperature shifts
Authors: Rasmusson Lina M. , Gullström Martin , Gunnarsson Pontus C. B. , George Rushingisha , Björk Mats 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThrough respiration and photosynthesis, seagrass meadows contribute greatly to carbon and oxygen fluxes in shallow coastal waters. There is increasing concern about how shallow-water primary producers will react to a near-future climate scenario with increased temperature variation. When modelling primary productivity under high temperature variability, Q10 values are commonly used to predict rate changes depending on biophysical factors. Q10 values are often assumed to be constant and around 2.0 (i.e. a doubling of the rate with a temperature increase of 10 °C). We aimed to establish how the gas exchange of seagrass (Zostera marina) tissues at various maturity stages would respond over a broad range of temperatures. Seagrass shoot maturity stage clearly affected respiration and apparent photosynthesis, and the Q10 results indicated a skewed balance between the two processes, with a higher photosynthetic Q10 during periods of elevated temperatures. When estimating whole-plant Q10 in a realistic maximal temperature range, we found that the overall response of a seagrass plant’s net O2exchange balance can be as much as three to four times higher than under ambient temperatures. Our findings indicate that plant tissue age and temperature should be considered when assessing and modelling carbon and oxygen fluctuations in vegetated coastal areas.
Trimeric heptad repeat synthetic peptides HR1 and HR2 efficiently inhibit HIV-1 entry
Authors: Mzoughi Olfa , Teixido Meritxell , Planès Rémi , Serrero Manutea , Hamimed Ibtissem , Zurita Esther , Moreno Miguel , Granados Giovana , Lakhdar-Ghazal Faouzi , BenMohamed Lbachir , Giralt Ernest , Bahraoui Elmostafa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The trimeric heptad repeat domains HR1 and HR2 of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) gp41 play a key role in HIV-1-entry by membrane fusion. To develop efficient inhibitors against this step, the corresponding trimeric-N36 and C34 peptides were designed and synthesized. Analysis by circular dichroism of monomeric and trimeric N36 and C34 peptides showed their capacities to adopt α-helical structures and to establish physical interactions. At the virological level, while trimeric-C34 conserves the same high anti-fusion activity as monomeric-C34, trimerization of N36-peptide induced a significant increase, reaching 500-times higher in anti-fusion activity, against R5-tropic virus-mediated fusion. This result was associated with increased stability of the N36 trimer peptide with respect to the monomeric form, as demonstrated by the comparative kinetics of their antiviral activities during 6-day incubation in a physiological medium. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that while the trimerization of C34 peptide had no beneficial effect on its stability and antiviral activity, the trimerization of N36 peptide strengthened both stability and antiviral activity. This approach, promotes trimers as new promising HIV-1 inhibitors and point to future development aimed toward innovative peptide fusion inhibitors, microbicides or as immunogens.
Consistent radial velocities of classical Cepheids from the cross-correlation technique
Authors: Borgniet S. , Kervella P. , Nardetto N. , Gallenne A. , Mérand A. , Anderson R. I. , Aufdenberg J. , Breuval L. , Gieren W. , Hocdé V. , Javanmardi B. , Lagadec E. , Pietrzyński G. , Trahin B. 
Published: September 2019

Context. Accurate radial velocities (vrad) of Cepheids are mandatory within the context of Cepheid distance measurements using the Baade-Wesselink technique. The most common vrad derivation method consists in cross-correlating the observed stellar spectra with a binary template and measuring a velocity on the resulting mean profile. Nevertheless, for Cepheids and other pulsating stars, the spectral lines selected within the template as well as the way of fitting the cross-correlation function (CCF) have a direct and significant impact on the measured vrad.
Aims. Our first aim is to detail the steps to compute consistent CCFs and vrad of Cepheids. Next, this study aims at characterising the impact of Cepheid spectral properties and vrad computation methods on the resulting line profiles and vrad time series.
Methods. We collected more than 3900 high-resolution spectra from seven different spectrographs of 64 Classical Milky Way (MW) Cepheids. These spectra were normalised and standardised using a single custom-made process on pre-defined wavelength ranges. We built six tailored correlation templates selecting unblended spectral lines of different depths based on a synthetic Cepheid spectrum, on three different wavelength ranges from 3900 to 8000 Å. Each observed spectrum was cross-correlated with these templates to build the corresponding CCFs, adopted as the proxy for the spectrum mean line profile. We derived a set of line profile observables as well as three different vrad measurements from each CCF and two custom proxies for the CCF quality and amount of signal.
Results. This study presents a large catalogue of consistent Cepheid CCFs and vrad time series. It confirms that each step of the process has a significant impact on the deduced vrad: the wavelength, the template line depth and width, and the vrad computation method. The way towards more robust Cepheid vrad time series seems to go through steps that minimise the asymmetry of the line profile and its impact on the vrad. Centroid or first-moment vrad, that exhibit slightly smaller amplitudes but significantly smaller scatter than Gaussian or biGaussian vrad, should therefore be favoured. Stronger or deeper spectral lines also tend to be less asymmetric and lead to more robust vrad than weaker lines.
Evaluation of Treatment Strategies to Manage Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy: Use of Fetal Sonography Compared to Monitoring of Maternal Blood Glucose Alone
Authors: Schütze Sarah Theresa , Groten Tanja , Schleussner Ekkehard , Battefeld Wilgard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Introduction When planning the treatment of women with gestational diabetes, the current standard approach also takes fetal growth development into account. The treatment of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) used to be based exclusively on maternal blood glucose values. This study investigated the impact of including fetal growth parameters in the monitoring of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Patients/Method 199 pregnant women with type 1 DM were included in a cohort study. The patient population was divided into two study cohorts. In the mBG cohort (n = 94; investigation period: 1994 – 2005) treatment was monitored using only maternal blood glucose (mBG) values; the aim was to achieve standard target glucose values (mean BG < 5.5 mmol/l, postprandial: at 1 h < 7.7 mmol/l, at 2 h < 6.6 mmol/l). In the fUS collective (n = 101, investigation period: 2006 – 2014) fetal growth parameters were additionally included when monitoring treatment from the 22nd week of gestation, and maternal target glucose values were then individually adjusted to take account of fetal growth. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these two different ways of monitoring treatment on perinatal and peripartum outcomes.
Results 91.4% of all patients were normoglycemic at the time of delivery (HbA1c < 6.7%); 58.9% of patients achieved strict normoglycemia (HbA1c < 5.7%). No differences were found between the two study cohorts (fUS vs. mBG: HbA1c < 6.7%: 93.9 vs. 88.4%, n. s.; mean blood glucose (BG): 5.4 ± 0.6 to 6.6 ± 1.1 vs. 5.9 ± 0.7 to 7.4 ± 1.9 mmol/l, n. s.). Patients from the fUS cohort required significantly lower weight-adjusted maximum insulin doses (0.9 ± 0.3 vs. 1.0 ± 0.4 IE/kg bodyweight, p < 0.05). Pregnancy complications occurred significantly less often in the fUS cohort (preeclampsia: 7.1 vs. 20.9%, p = 0.01; premature labor: 4.0 vs. 23.3%, p < 0.001; cervical insufficiency: 0.0 vs. 11.6%, p = 0.001), and there were significantly fewer cases with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (19.2 vs. 40.7%, p = 0.001). There was no difference in the rates of LGA infants between the two cohorts (21.2 vs. 24.4%, n. s.).
Conclusion Using maternal blood glucose values combined with fetal growth parameters to monitor DM treatment allows therapeutic interventions to be individualized and reduces the risk of maternal and infant morbidity. The metabolism of patients in the fUS cohort was significantly more stable and there were fewer variations in glucose values. It is possible that the detected benefits are due to this metabolic stabilization.
Liver Stiffness Assessed by Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography from General Electric Accurately Predicts Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension in Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Stefanescu Horia , Rusu Corina , Lupsor-Platon Monica , Nicoara Farcau Oana , Fischer Petra , Grigoras Crina , Horhat Adelina , Stancu Oana , Ardelean Andreea , Tantau Marcel , Badea Radu , Procopet Bogdan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurpose Clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) is responsible for most of the complications in patients with cirrhosis. Liver stiffness (LS) measurement by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) is currently used to evaluate CSPH. Bi-dimensional shear wave elastography from General Electric (2D-SWE.GE) has not yet been validated for the diagnosis of PHT. Our aims were to test whether 2D-SWE.GE-LS is able to evaluate CSPH, to determine the reliability criteria of the method and to compare its accuracy with that of VCTE-LS in this clinical setting.Materials and Methods Patients with chronic liver disease referred to hepatic catheterization (HVPG) were consecutively enrolled. HVPG and LS by both VCTE and 2D-SWE.GE were performed on the same day. The diagnostic performance of each LS method was compared against HVPG and between each other.Results 2D-SWE.GE-LS was possible in 123/127 (96.90 %) patients. The ability to record at least 5 LS measurements by 2D-SWE.GE and IQR < 30 % were the only features associated with reliable results. 2D-SWE.GE-LS was highly correlated with HVPG (r = 0.704; p < 0.0001), especially if HVPG < 10 mmHg and was significantly higher in patients with CSPH (15.52 vs. 8.14 kPa; p < 0.0001). For a cut-off value of 11.3 kPa, the AUROC of 2D-SWE.GE-LS to detect CSPH was 0.91, which was not inferior to VCTE-LS (0.92; p = 0.79). The diagnostic accuracy of LS by 2D-SWE.GE-LS to detect CSPH was similar with the one of VCTE-LS (83.74 % vs. 85.37 %; p = 0.238). The diagnostic accuracy was not enhanced by using different cut-off values which enhanced the sensitivity or the specificity. However, in the subgroup of compensated patients with alcoholic liver disease, 2D-SWE.GE-LS classified CSPH better than VCTE-LS (93.33 % vs. 85.71 %, p = 0.039).Conclusion 2D-SWE.GE-LS has good accuracy, not inferior to VCTE-LS, for the diagnosis of CSPH.
Effects of Antenatal Betamethasone on Fetal Doppler Indices and Short Term Fetal Heart Rate Variation in Early Growth Restricted Fetuses
Authors: Fratelli Nicola , Prefumo Federico , Wolf Hans , Hecher Kurt , Visser Gerard H. A. , Giussani Dino , Derks Jan B. , Shaw Caroline J. , Frusca Tiziana , Ghi Tullio , Ferrazzi E. , Lees Christoph C. ,   on behalf of the TRUFFLE Group,   TRUFFLE Group authors,   TRUFFLE Group collaborating authors
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of the antenatal administration of betamethasone on fetal Doppler and short term fetal heart rate variation (CTG-STV) in early growth restricted (FGR) fetuses.
Materials and Methods Post hoc analysis of data derived from the TRUFFLE study, a prospective, multicenter, randomized management trial of severe early onset FGR. Repeat Doppler and CTG-STV measurements between the last recording within 48 hours before the first dose of betamethasone (baseline value) and for 10 days after were evaluated. Multilevel analysis was performed to analyze the longitudinal course of the umbilico-cerebral ratio (UC ratio), the ductus venosus pulsatility index (DVPIV) and CTG-STV.
Results We included 115 fetuses. A significant increase from baseline in CTG-STV was found on day + 1 (p = 0.019) but no difference thereafter. The DVPIV was not significantly different from baseline in any of the 10 days following the first dose of betamethasone (p = 0.167). Multilevel analysis revealed that, over 10 days, the time elapsed from antenatal administration of betamethasone was significantly associated with a decrease in CTG-STV (p = 0.045) and an increase in the DVPIV (p = 0.001) and UC ratio (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Although steroid administration in early FGR has a minimal effect on increasing CTG-STV one day afterwards, the effects on Doppler parameters were extremely slight with regression coefficients of small magnitude suggesting no clinical significance, and were most likely related to the deterioration with time in FGR. Hence, arterial and venous Doppler assessment of fetal health remains informative following antenatal steroid administration to accelerate fetal lung maturation.
Leberzellkarzinom – Radiofrequenzablation: Welches
Bildgebungsverfahren ist effektiver?
Authors: Fietz Cornelia 
Published: September 2019

Huo J et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Computed Tomography-Versus
Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation Among Medicare Patients
65 Years of Age or Older With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Value Health 2019;
22(3):284–292
Die Inzidenz des Leberzellkarzinoms hat sich in den letzen 20 Jahren mehr als
verdoppelt. 2018 wurden in den USA mehr als 31 600 neue Fälle registriert,
knapp die Hälfte dieser Patienten war älter als 65 Jahre. Die damit
verbundenen jährlichen Kosten werden auf 455 Millionen US Dollar geschätzt.
Für fortgeschrittene, inoperable Fälle steht die Radiofrequenzablation als
Therapieoption zur Verfügung, die Ultraschall- oder
Computertomographie-gestützt durchgeführt werden kann. Die Autoren
vergleichen die Effektivität beider Bildgebungstechniken für das
Verfahren.