bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized trial of 10 days of decitabine ± bortezomib in untreated older patients with AML: CALGB 11002 (Alliance)
Authors: Roboz Gail J. , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Desai Pinkal , Laumann Kristina , Walker Alison R. , Wang Eunice S. , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Powell Bayard L. , Attar Eyal C. , Stock Wendy , Bloomfield Clara D. , Kohlschmidt Jessica , Mrózek Krzysztof , Hassane Duane C. , Garraway Levi , Jané-Valbuena Judit , Baltay Michele , Tracy Adam , Marcucci Guido , Stone Richard M. , Larson Richard A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Novel treatment strategies are needed for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This randomized phase 2 trial compared the efficacy and safety of 20 mg/m2 of IV decitabine on days 1 to 10 alone (arm A) with those of 1.3 mg/m2 of subcutaneous bortezomib (arm B) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 for up to 4 10-day cycles followed by monthly 5-day cycles. Previously untreated AML patients age ≥60 years (excluding those with FLT3 mutations and favorable-risk cytogenetics) without restrictions in performance status (PS) or organ function were eligible. Median age was 72.4 years (range, 60.5-92.3 years); 31 patients (19%) had baseline PS ≥2, 35 (22%) had an antecedent hematological disorder, 58 had (39%) adverse cytogenetics, and 7 (5%) and 23 (14%) had abnormal cardiac or renal function. There were no statistically significant differences in overall survival (OS) or responses between the 2 treatment arms. The overall response rate (complete remission + complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery) was 39% (n = 64), with median OS of 9.3 months. Nineteen responders (31%) underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The most common adverse event was febrile neutropenia, and there were no unexpected toxicities. Adding bortezomib to decitabine did not improve outcomes, but responses were better than those in previous trials using 5-day decitabine cycles. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01420926.
Recent advances in stem cell therapeutics and tissue engineering strategies
Authors: Kwon Seong Gyu , Kwon Yang Woo , Lee Tae Wook , Park Gyu Tae , Kim Jae Ho 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Tissue regeneration includes delivering specific types of cells or cell products to injured tissues or organs for restoration of tissue and organ function. Stem cell therapy has drawn considerable attention since transplantation of stem cells can overcome the limitations of autologous transplantation of patient’s tissues; however, it is not perfect for treating diseases. To overcome the hurdles associated with stem cell therapy, tissue engineering techniques have been developed. Development of stem cell technology in combination with tissue engineering has opened new ways of producing engineered tissue substitutes. Several studies have shown that this combination of tissue engineering and stem cell technologies enhances cell viability, differentiation, and therapeutic efficacy of transplanted stem cells.

Main body
Stem cells that can be used for tissue regeneration include mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Transplantation of stem cells alone into injured tissues exhibited low therapeutic efficacy due to poor viability and diminished regenerative activity of transplanted cells. In this review, we will discuss the progress of biomedical engineering, including scaffolds, biomaterials, and tissue engineering techniques to overcome the low therapeutic efficacy of stem cells and to treat human diseases.

Conclusion
The combination of stem cell and tissue engineering techniques overcomes the limitations of stem cells in therapy of human diseases, and presents a new path toward regeneration of injured tissues.
Treatment-resistant depression: problematic illness or a problem in our approach?
Authors: Malhi Gin S. , Das Pritha , Mannie Zola , Irwin Lauren 
Published: December 2018

SummaryTreatment-resistant depression is widely defined as non-response to two ‘adequate’ courses of treatment. However, the definitions of treatment and depression are inconsistent reflecting gaps in our understanding. We argue that a failure to respond is often the result of administering inappropriate treatment, which occurs principally because of paradigm failure.Declaration of interestNone.
Association of Germline Genetic Test Type and Results With Patient Cancer Worry After Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Katz Steven J. , Ward Kevin C. , Hamilton Ann S. , Abrahamse Paul , Hawley Sarah T. , Kurian Allison W. 
Published: December 2018

Background There are concerns that multigene panel testing compared with BRCA1/2-only testing after diagnosis of breast cancer may lead to unnecessary patient worry about cancer because of more ambiguous results. Methods Patients with breast cancer diagnosed from 2013 to 2015 and accrued from SEER registries in Georgia and Los Angeles were surveyed (n = 5,080; response rate, 70%), and responses were merged with SEER data and germline genetic testing and results. We examined patient reports of cancer worry by test type and results in 1,063 women who linked to a genetic test and reported undergoing testing. Results More than half of the sample (n = 640; 60.2%) received BRCA1/2-only testing versus 423 patients (39.8%) who had a multigene panel. A minority of tested patients reported substantial cancer worry after treatment: 11.1% (n = 130) reported higher impact of cancer worry, and 15.1% (n = 162) reported a high frequency of cancer worry (worrying often or almost always) in the past month. Impact of cancer worry did not substantively differ by test type, test result outcomes, or clinical or treatment factors. The odds ratio for higher impact of cancer worry was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.51 to 1.28) for multigene versus BRCA1/2-only testing. In a separate model, the odds ratios were 1.21 (95% CI, 0.54 to 2.68) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.50 to 1.62) for pathogenic variant and variant of uncertain significance, respectively, versus a negative test (the reference group). Conclusion Compared with BRCA1/2 testing alone, multigene panel testing was not associated with increased cancer worry after diagnosis of breast cancer.
Variability in the Therapeutic Response of Metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rashid Maryam , Shahzad Muhammad , Mahmood Saqib , Khan Khurshid 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To assess the glycemic response of metformin in patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) as well as to see its association with reductions in BMI and GIT intolerance.
Methods: This Quasi, Experimental study was conducted at Jinnah-Allama Iqbal Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (JAIDE) Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from 1st March 2016 to 30th September 2016. Newly diagnosed T2DM patients were given metformin for duration of three months and later on they were categorized into Responders and Non-Responders on the basis of HbA1c (A1C) reductions, which were estimated by Hemoglobin (A1C) analyzer (TD4611A TAIDoc Tech. Taiwan) through photometry. Similarly, baseline BMI and BMI after three months therapy with metformin was also recorded.
Results: Among total of 200 patients, 40.5% of the patients were classified as Non-Responders whereas; 59.5% of the patients as Responders. The baseline BMI (26.09 kg/m2) was also decreased significantly after metformin therapy (25.40 kg/m2). It was found that metformin reduced the A1C in all the patients. However, the glycemic control was much better in patients with higher baseline A1C (1.13% ± 0.08) as compared to lower baseline levels (0.61% ± 0.07). Regarding GIT intolerance, 140 patients lacked the symptoms, out of which 60.7% were responders and 39.3% were non-responders.
Conclusions: Metformin lead to improvement in glycemic control in 59.5% of newly diagnosed T2DM patients after taking metformin for three months but in 40.5% it did not which may be because of combined effects of various gene polymorphisms and their interaction with non-genetic factors. Metformin reduced the BMI in all the patients; however, BMI lowering activity of metformin was same regardless of its effect on HbA1C. Moreover, the signs and symptoms of GIT intolerance did not differ between the two groups.
How to cite this:Rashid M, Shahzad M, Mahmood S, Khan K. Variability in the therapeutic response of Metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):71-76. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.100
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Pediatric Tracheotomy: Comparison of surgical technique with early and late complications in 273 cases
Authors: Gumussoy Murat 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: This study was aimed to compare the early and late complications of tracheotomy in pediatric patient, with respect to surgical techniques.
Methods: The relationship between demographic characteristics, surgical techniques obtained from the files of the children and complications developing after surgery were compared retrospectively.
Results: One hundred fifty two out of 273 developed complications after tracheotomy. Among these, 75 were early complications and 77 were late complications. Results obtained concerning early complications showed a significant difference between Skin incision and Bleeding and Accidental decannulation; Tracheal incision and Subcutaneous emphysema; surgical time and accidental decannulation and tube/ventilation problem; Surgeon’s skill level and bleeding. As regards late complications there was a significant difference between Intubation Time and Stomal-tracheal granulation; Tracheal incision and Stomal infection; Surgeon’s skill level and Stomal-tracheal granulation.
Conclusions: In pediatric tracheotomy the preferred skin incision and tracheal incision, surgeon’s experience, tracheotomoy time and intubation time are important as regards development of early or late complications.
How to cite this:Gumussoy M. Pediatric Tracheotomy: Comparison of surgical technique with early and late complications in 273 cases. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):247-251. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.132
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Estimation of serum matrix metalloproteinases among patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Choudhry Nakhshab , Sarmad Sana , Waheed Noor ul Ain , Gondal Aamir Jamal 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To estimate the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and in healthy subjects.
Methods: In this observational study, biopsy diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma patients (n= 38) were recruited from Mayo Hospital, Lahore during 2016 to 2017. Age and gender matched Controls (n= 38) were also included. Venous blood sample of each participant was drawn, serum separated and the levels of matrix metalloproteinases were measured by multiplex ELISA.
Results: Serum levels of MMP-1, -8, -10, -12 and -13 in OSCC patients showed statistically significant increase as compared to control group (p < 0.01). The MMP-12 predicted the presence of OSCC with highest AUC of 0.836 (95% CI [0.733 to 0.911]) for sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 78.9%, respectively for a cut-off value of 16.13 pg/ml.
Conclusions: MMP-12 has been found to have significant sensitivity and specificity to qualify as a diagnostic biomarker.
How to cite this:Choudhry N, Sarmad S, Waheed NA, Gondal AJ. Estimation of serum matrix metalloproteinases among patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):252-256. doi: https://doi.org/doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.68
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
An Asymptotically Optimal Set Approach for Simulation Optimization
Authors: Hu Liujia , Andradóttir Sigrún 
Published: December 2018

We propose an asymptotically optimal set (AOS) approach for solving stochastic optimization problems with discrete or continuous feasible regions. Our AOS approach is a framework for designing provably convergent algorithms that are adaptive in seeking new points and in resampling or discarding already sampled points. The framework is an improvement over the adaptive search with resampling (ASR) method for stochastic optimization in that it spends less effort on inferior points and uses a more robust estimate of the optimal solution. We present conditions guaranteeing that the AOS approach is globally convergent and will eventually discard suboptimal sampled points with probability one, compare the algorithms, and analyze when (additional) resampling (beyond the minimum) is desirable. Our theoretical results show that AOS has stronger performance guarantees than ASR. Our numerical results suggest that AOS makes substantial improvements over ASR, especially for difficult problems with large numbers of local optima. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0811 .
La persistencia de la dualidad rural y el valor de la nueva ruralidad en Castilla y León (España)
Authors: Alario Trigueros Milagros , Molinero Hernando Fernando , Morales Prieto Erica 
Published: December 2018

Castilla y León es una región típica del rural profundo de Europa; con casi 95.000 km2 y solo 2,5 millones de habitantes, destaca por la baja densidad de población, el envejecimiento, el declive demográfico y el predominio de las zonas rurales. La mitad de su población es rural, aunque la agricultura solo emplea el 7% de la mano de obra regional, si bien llega hasta el 80% y el 100% en muchos municipios rurales pequeños.El poblamiento actual, disfuncional, consta de un elevado número de asentamientos, mucho mayor que el correspondiente a los habitantes residentes. Muchos de ellos no desaparecen gracias a la rehabilitación de algunas casas y a la construcción de otras, merced a la llegada, escasa, de nuevos habitantes y a la llegada, masiva, de residentes temporales. Sin embargo, existe una clara dualidad rural entre las áreas periurbanas y el resto del territorio.
Recovery of Cu (II) and Cr (VI) Metals from Electroplating Liquid Waste Using Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM)
Authors: Djunaidi Muhammad Cholid , Adiwibawa Prasetya Nor Basid , Setyowati Nur Asih , Khabibi Khabibi , Nita Ulfia Khoirun 
Published: December 2018

Research on recovery of Cu (II) and Cr (VI) from electroplating liquid waste has been carried out using a Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM). PIM has a high stability to overcome the weakness of liquid membrane instability. The PIM membrane was placed between two phases namely the feed phase as a metal source of Cu (II) from electroplating waste with pH 3 and the receiving phase which is HNO3 solution with pH 1 and pH 4.4 in the feed phase and pH 6.3 in the receiving phase with NaCl 2 N for metal Cr (VI). Recovery efficiency is known by determining the concentration of Cu (II) and Cr (VI) in the feed and receiving phases using AAS, while the membrane characterization were carried out using FTIR, SEM and UV-vis spectroscopy. The resulting PIM membrane has properties of thin, clear and flexible. AAS data showed that the percentage of PIM transport with stirring for 24 hours performed the highest percentage of Cu (II) metal transport from feed phase of 83.41% and transport in the receiving phase of 72.56%. While the percentage of optimum Cr (VI) transport was 97.8% in the feed phase and 76.5% in the receiving phase. The results of membrane characterization using FTIR and UV spectroscopy showed that the PIM membrane was quite stable. While the results of SEM show that there were no pores in the membrane so that the transport occurs by diffusion through the intermediate of the carrier compound. Keywords: electroplating waste; liquid membrane; PIM
Interactive checks for coordination avoidance
Authors: Whittaker Michael , Hellerstein Joseph M. 
Published: December 2018

Strongly consistent distributed systems are easy to reason about but face fundamental limitations in availability and performance. Weakly consistent systems can be implemented with very high performance but place a burden on the application developer to reason about complex interleavings of execution. Invariant confluence provides a formal framework for understanding when we can get the best of both worlds. An invariant confluent object can be efficiently replicated with no coordination needed to preserve its invariants. However, actually determining whether or not an object is invariant confluent is challenging.
In this paper, we establish conditions under which a commonly used sufficient condition for invariant confluence is both necessary and sufficient, and we use this condition to design (a) a general-purpose interactive invariant confluence decision procedure and (b) a novel sufficient condition that can be checked automatically. We then take a step beyond invariant confluence and introduce a generalization of invariant confluence, called segmented invariant confluence, that allows us to replicate non-invariant confluent objects with a small amount of coordination.
We implemented these formalisms in a prototype called Lucy and found that our decision procedures efficiently handle common real-world workloads including foreign keys, rollups, escrow transactions, and more. We also found that segmented invariant confluent replication can deliver up to an order of magnitude more throughput than linearizable replication for low contention workloads and comparable throughput for medium to high contention workloads.
Alternate migration strategies of eastern monarch butterflies revealed by stable isotopes
Authors: Zanden Hannah B. Vander , Chaffee Carol L. , González-Rodríguez Antonio , Flockhart D.T. Tyler , Norris D. Ryan , Wayne Marta L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Alternative life history strategies are mechanisms by which organisms are able to maximize fitness across a range of environmental conditions. Fitness is maximized by different strategies depending on context, resulting in trade-offs between life history strategies. Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) employ both migratory and resident life history strategies. Since residents breed throughout the year, but migrants overwinter in reproductive diapause, there are fitness trade-offs between the two strategies. We used stable isotope analysis to evaluate the geographic origins of monarchs in a yearround population in south Florida. Based on stable isotope profiles of hydrogen and carbon (δ2H and δ13C values), we found that 48% (16/33) of monarchs collected in south Florida are migrants that originated from outside the sampling region. Migrants had a larger wing length than residents; thus, switching to a resident strategy could alter their probability of reproductive success. Further work is needed to investigate the mechanism underlying this pattern, but these findings show that alternate life history strategies and sex-specific behaviors are underexplored factors influencing monarch migration and evolution.
Flying through hurricane central: impacts of hurricanes on migrants with a focus on monarch butterflies
Authors: Ries Leslie , Neupane Naresh , Baum Kristen A. , Zipkin Elise F. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Hurricanes are becoming more frequent and intense, so understanding the consequences for biodiversity, including migratory species, has become critical. Studies suggest that migrants may avoid most of the direct harm of hurricanes by shifting their flight trajectories to less-impacted regions, but the majority of this research has focused on birds. We review the literature on migratory bird responses to hurricanes and also describe other taxa likely to be affected. We then focus on the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), whose fall migratory pathway goes through Texas during hurricane season. Like birds, monarchs may be able to avoid direct damage from hurricanes. However, it may be more important to determine how they respond to shifts in availability of critical resources during migration. In fall, when a storm-triggered flush of out-of-season vegetation growth is especially likely, hurricanes could reasonably cause indirect impacts that could be positive (increased nectar) or negative (out-of-season host plants that could disrupt migration), or both. The monarch butterfly is an especially good target for this research because of its distinct migratory phases, the importance of hurricane-impacted zones to its annual cycle, and the large quantity of data available through an extensive network of citizen science programs.
The Hyperobject and the White Cube: The “Strange Stranger” in Douglas Coupland’s Canada House
Authors: Polyck-O’Neill Julia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDouglas Coupland’s site-specific installation Canada House, temporarily erected in 2004 in a house deemed by locals to be a “tear down” in a Vancouver suburb, unwittingly captured the zeitgeist of the era eco-critics and theorists have named the Anthropocene, the age where the future of the climate and the environment are most influenced by human activity. In my article, I examine Coupland’s work from the perspective of new materialist philosophy, with particular attention to what Timothy Morton calls the “hyperobject.” In so doing, I attend to the specific dynamics of the installation as a phenomenon in real time and space, as well as its enduring reality as an artifact that translates specific dynamics of interconnectivity between aesthetic, linguistic, and ecocritical discourse as they relate to space and human/nonhuman relationships.
Literary Tourist Guides as a Form of New Literary History. A Popular Genre in the Field of Professional Literary Knowledge
Authors: Maj Joanna 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Literary historiography is not indifferent to phenomena that are of key importance to contemporary culture and the humanities, including tourism and travel writing/travel studies. By trying to incorporate the ways a contemporary person experiences the world, literary history uses narrative strategies that are typical of current travel discourse-e. g. of a tourist guide. A tourist guide is an applied genre and also a cultural representation of the literary past of a city or region. The central category for literary tourist guides is space and mobility (rather than timelines and other figures important in a grand literary history). Space functions here as the subject of narration and as the basic principle that orders the material. In that context, the form of a tourist guide is a way of presenting the literary past, remembering the history of the city and its literary works, the lives of writers. Adapting a tourist guidebook for the needs of literary history results from the fact that everyday practices, such as travel and walking, influence professional forms of knowledge. This article shows how academic knowledge (here: literary history) can be learned and popularised by means of a non-academic genre (here: literary tourist guides).