bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing MSH4 copy number prevents meiotic crossovers between non-homologous chromosomes in Brassica napus
Authors: Gonzalo Adrián , Lucas Marie-Odile , Charpentier Catherine , Sandmann Greta , Lloyd Andrew , Jenczewski Eric 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn allopolyploids, correct chromosome segregation requires suppression of non-homologous crossovers while levels of homologous crossovers are ensured. To date, no mechanism able to specifically inhibit non-homologous crossovers has been described in allopolyploids other than in bread wheat. Here, we show that reducing the number of functional copies of MSH4, an essential gene for the main crossover pathway, prevents non-homologous crossovers in allotetraploid Brassica napus. We show that non-homologous crossovers originate almost exclusively from the MSH4-dependent recombination pathway and that their numbers decrease when MSH4 returns to single copy in B. napus; by contrast, homologous crossovers remain unaffected by MSH4 duplicate loss. We also demonstrate that MSH4 systematically returns to single copy following numerous independent polyploidy events, a pattern that is probably not by chance. These results suggest that stabilization of allopolyploid meiosis can be enhanced by loss of a key meiotic recombination gene.
The vaginal microbiome and preterm birth
Authors: Fettweis Jennifer M. , Serrano Myrna G. , Brooks J. Paul , Edwards David J. , Girerd Philippe H. , Parikh Hardik I. , Huang Bernice , Arodz Tom J. , Edupuganti Laahirie , Glascock Abigail L. , Xu Jie , Jimenez Nicole R. , Vivadelli Stephany C. , Fong Stephen S. , Sheth Nihar U. , Jean Sophonie , Lee Vladimir , Bokhari Yahya A. , Lara Ana M. , Mistry Shreni D. , Duckworth Robert A. , Bradley Steven P. , Koparde Vishal N. , Orenda X. Valentine , Milton Sarah H. , Rozycki Sarah K. , Matveyev Andrey V. , Wright Michelle L. , Huzurbazar Snehalata V. , Jackson Eugenie M. , Smirnova Ekaterina , Korlach Jonas , Tsai Yu-Chih , Dickinson Molly R. , Brooks Jamie L. , Drake Jennifer I. , Chaffin Donald O. , Sexton Amber L. , Gravett Michael G. , Rubens Craig E. , Wijesooriya N. Romesh , Hendricks-Muñoz Karen D. , Jefferson Kimberly K. , Strauss Jerome F. , Buck Gregory A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe incidence of preterm birth exceeds 10% worldwide. There are significant disparities in the frequency of preterm birth among populations within countries, and women of African ancestry disproportionately bear the burden of risk in the United States. In the present study, we report a community resource that includes ‘omics’ data from approximately 12,000 samples as part of the integrative Human Microbiome Project. Longitudinal analyses of 16S ribosomal RNA, metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and cytokine profiles from 45 preterm and 90 term birth controls identified harbingers of preterm birth in this cohort of women predominantly of African ancestry. Women who delivered preterm exhibited significantly lower vaginal levels of Lactobacillus crispatus and higher levels of BVAB1, Sneathia amnii, TM7-H1, a group of Prevotella species and nine additional taxa. The first representative genomes of BVAB1 and TM7-H1 are described. Preterm-birth-associated taxa were correlated with proinflammatory cytokines in vaginal fluid. These findings highlight new opportunities for assessment of the risk of preterm birth.
Neonatal thrombocytopenia: Thrombin generation in presence of reduced platelet counts and effects of rFVIIa in cord blood
Authors: Haidl Harald , Pohl Sina , Leschnik Bettina , Gallistl Siegfried , Muntean Wolfgang , Schlagenhauf Axel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHealthy neonates exhibit a well-functioning haemostatic system despite peculiarities regarding composition of clotting factors and inhibitors as well as impaired platelet aggregation. Thrombocytopenia and severe bleeding events are feared in sick infants. Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is a haemostatic agent used as a last resort in neonates with refractory bleedings. Aim of this study was to investigate in-vitro (i) changes in thrombin generation with different platelet counts, (ii) effects of rFVIIa under conditions of thrombocytopenia and (iii) potentially differing dose-response of rFVIIa in cord blood as a surrogate for neonatal blood compared to adult blood. Thrombin generation parameters were observed in cord blood plasma and adult plasma with various platelet counts, with or without addition of rFVIIa, respectively. Low platelet counts did not influence thrombin generation in cord blood in contrast to adult blood. RFVIIa primarily affected lag time throughout all platelet concentrations. Interestingly, peak height was reduced exclusively in cord blood plasma after addition of rFVIIa. No significant differences regarding dose-response were observed between cord blood and adult blood. In contrast to adult blood, thrombocytopenia in cord blood does not significantly influence thrombin generation. Even at very low platelet counts there is enough negatively charged surface to support rFVIIa action in plasma from cord blood and adult blood in-vitro.
Abundance estimates and habitat preferences of bottlenose dolphins reveal the importance of two gulfs in South Australia
Authors: Bilgmann Kerstin , Parra Guido J. , Holmes Lauren , Peters Katharina J. , Jonsen Ian D. , Möller Luciana M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInformed conservation management of marine mammals requires an understanding of population size and habitat preferences. In Australia, such data are needed for the assessment and mitigation of anthropogenic impacts, including fisheries interactions, coastal zone developments, oil and gas exploration and mining activities. Here, we present large-scale estimates of abundance, density and habitat preferences of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins (Tursiopssp.) over an area of 42,438km2within two gulfs of South Australia. Using double-observer platform aerial surveys over four strata and mark-recapture distance sampling analyses, we estimated 3,493 (CV = 0.21; 95%CI = 2,327-5,244) dolphins in summer/autumn, and 3,213 (CV = 0.20; 95%CI = 2,151-4,801) in winter/spring of 2011. Bottlenose dolphin abundance and density was higher in gulf waters across both seasons (0.09-0.24 dolphins/km2) compared to adjacent shelf waters (0.004–0.04 dolphins/km2). The high densities of bottlenose dolphins in the two gulfs highlight the importance of these gulfs as a habitat for the species. Habitat modelling associated bottlenose dolphins with shallow waters, flat seafloor topography, and higher sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in summer/autumn and lower SSTs in winter/spring. Spatial predictions showed high dolphin densities in northern and coastal gulf sections. Distributional data should inform management strategies, marine park planning and environmental assessments of potential anthropogenic threats to this protected species.
ICE SXT vs. ICESh95: Co-existence of Integrative and Conjugative Elements and Competition for a New Host
Authors: Parmeciano DI Noto Gisela , Iriarte Andrés , Ramírez María Soledad , Centrón Daniela , Quiroga Cecilia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntegrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are mobile genetic elements that contribute to horizontal gene transfer. The aim of this work was to study different types of ICEs in clinical isolates of the emergent pathogen Shewanella spp., to compare their transfer efficiency and their ability to integrate a new host. Here we show that 3 out of 10 clinical isolates contained an ICE. Two of these elements were similar to ICEs from the SXT/R391 family and the other one was similar to ICESh95, a hybrid platform. Mating assays showed that these elements co-exist for several generations in the same host. Furthermore, transfer rates and competition assays between ICESh95 and ICESh392, an SXT-like element, suggest that the latter has evolved into a well-oiled machine that efficiently spread to different bacteria. Our results provide strong evidence of the role that ICEs play in the dissemination of genetic traits in nature and the implications that they have in the global threat of antimicrobial resistance.
Interplay of fibroblasts with anaplastic tumor cells promotes follicular thyroid cancer progression
Authors: Fozzatti Laura , Alamino Vanina Alejandra , Park Sunmi , Giusiano Lucila , Volpini Ximena , Zhao Li , Stempin Cinthia Carolina , Donadio Ana Carolina , Cheng Sheue-yann , Pellizas Claudia Gabriela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most aggressive thyroid tumors. It is known that activation of oncogenes and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in tumor cells promotes tumorigenesis. The microenvironment of the tumor also plays a key role on cancer development and progression in a variety of tumors. However, the mechanisms by which tumor-stroma crosstalk in thyroid cancer remains poorly characterized. In this study we aimed to understand how interactions between fibroblasts and anaplastic thyroid cancer cells contribute to thyroid carcinogenesis. We first characterized the phenotypic changes of human fibroblasts in vitro through co-cultures by using transwells as well as by using anaplastic thyroid cancer cells-derived conditioned media. We found that fibroblasts acquired an activated phenotype or also known as cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype after being in contact with soluble factors secreted from anaplastic thyroid cancer cells, compared to the fibroblasts in mono-cultures. All the changes were partly mediated through Src/Akt activation. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine reversed in part the metabolic phenotype of activated fibroblasts. Remarkably, conditioned media obtained from these activated fibroblasts promoted cell proliferation and invasion of follicular thyroid cancer cell line, FTC-133 cells. Thus, a reciprocal and dynamic interaction exists between tumor and stromal cells, which results in the promotion of thyroid tumorigenesis. The present studies have advanced the understanding of the molecular basis of tumor-stroma communications, enabling identification and targeting of tumor-supportive mechanisms for novel treatment modalities.
Designing MPAs for food security in open-access fisheries
Authors: Cabral Reniel B. , Halpern Benjamin S. , Lester Sarah E. , White Crow , Gaines Steven D. , Costello Christopher 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFood security remains a principal challenge in the developing tropics where communities rely heavily on marine-based protein. While some improvements in fisheries management have been made in these regions, a large fraction of coastal fisheries remain unmanaged, mismanaged, or use only crude input controls. These quasi-open-access conditions often lead to severe overfishing, depleted stocks, and compromised food security. A possible fishery management approach in these institution-poor settings is to implement fully protected marine protected areas (MPAs). Although the primary push for MPAs has been to solve the conservation problems that arise from mismanagement, MPAs can also benefit fisheries beyond their borders. The literature has not completely characterized how to design MPAs under diverse ecological and economic conditions when food security is the objective. We integrated four key biological and economic variables (i.e., fish population growth rate, fish mobility, fish price, and fishing cost) as well as an important aspect of reserve design (MPA size) into a general model and determined their combined influence on food security when MPAs are implemented in an open-access setting. We explicitly modeled open-access conditions that account for the behavioral response of fishers to the MPA; this approach is distinct from much of the literature that focuses on assumptions of “scorched earth” (i.e., severe over-fishing), optimized management, or an arbitrarily defined fishing mortality outside the MPA’s boundaries. We found that the MPA size that optimizes catch depends strongly on economic variables. Large MPAs optimize catch for species heavily harvested for their high value and/or low harvesting cost, while small MPAs or no closure are best for species lightly harvested for their low value and high harvesting cost. Contrary to previous theoretical expectations, both high and low mobility species are expected to experience conservation benefits from protection, although, as shown previously, greater conservation benefits are expected for low mobility species. Food security benefits from MPAs can be obtained from species of any mobility. Results deliver both qualitative insights and quantitative guidance for designing MPAs for food security in open-access fisheries.
Electrospinning Fabricating Au/TiO2 Network-like Nanofibers as Visible Light Activated Photocatalyst
Authors: Duan Zhuojun , Huang Yingzhou , Zhang Dingke , Chen Shijian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExploiting photocatalysts with characteristics of low cost, high reactivity and easy recovery offer great potentials for complete elimination of toxic chemicals and environmental remediation. In this work, Au/TiO2 network-like nanofibers were fabricated using a facile electrospinning technique followed by calcinations in air. Photocatalytic tests indicate that the Au/TiO2 network-like nanofibers possess an excellent photodegradation rate of rhodamine B (RB) under UV, visible and natural light radiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the plasmonic resonance absorption of Au nanoparticles, and photogenerated electrons and holes are effectively separated by the Au/TiO2 heterojunction structures. Furthermore, the three-dimensional network structure can provide a large number of active sites for RB degradation.
Measuring the Topological Charge of Orbital Angular Momentum Beams by Utilizing Weak Measurement Principle
Authors: Zhu Jing , Zhang Pei , Li Qichang , Wang Feiran , Wang Chenhui , Zhou Yingnan , Wang Jinwen , Gao Hong , Kwek Leong Chuan , Li Fuli 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAccording to the principle of weak measurement, when coupling the orbital angular momentum (OAM) state with a well-defined pre-selected and post-selected system of a weak measurement process, there will be an indirect coupling between position and topological charge (TC) of OAM state. Based on this we propose an experiment scheme and experimentally measure the TC of OAM beams from −14 to 14 according to the weak measurement principle. After the experiment the intrinsic OAM of the beams changed very little. Weak measurement, Topological Charge, OAM beams.
Biological effects 26 years after simulated deep-sea mining
Authors: Simon-Lledó Erik , Bett Brian J. , Huvenne Veerle A. I. , Köser Kevin , Schoening Timm , Greinert Jens , Jones Daniel O. B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe potential for imminent abyssal polymetallic nodule exploitation has raised considerable scientific attention. The interface between the targeted nodule resource and sediment in this unusual mosaic habitat promotes the development of some of the most biologically diverse communities in the abyss. However, the ecology of these remote ecosystems is still poorly understood, so it is unclear to what extent and timescale these ecosystems will be affected by, and could recover from, mining disturbance. Using data inferred from seafloor photo-mosaics, we show that the effects of simulated mining impacts, induced during the “DISturbance and reCOLonization experiment” (DISCOL) conducted in 1989, were still evident in the megabenthos of the Peru Basin after 26 years. Suspension-feeder presence remained significantly reduced in disturbed areas, while deposit-feeders showed no diminished presence in disturbed areas, for the first time since the experiment began. Nevertheless, we found significantly lower heterogeneity diversity in disturbed areas and markedly distinct faunal compositions along different disturbance levels. If the results of this experiment at DISCOL can be extrapolated to the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, the impacts of polymetallic nodule mining there may be greater than expected, and could potentially lead to an irreversible loss of some ecosystem functions, especially in directly disturbed areas.
Molecular degree of perturbation of plasma inflammatory markers associated with tuberculosis reveals distinct disease profiles between Indian and Chinese populations
Authors: Oliveira-de-Souza Deivide , Vinhaes Caian L. , Arriaga Maria B. , Kumar Nathella Pavan , Cubillos-Angulo Juan M. , Shi Ruiru , Wei Wang , Yuan Xing , Zhang Guolong , Cai Ying , Barry Clifton E. , Via Laura E. , Sher Alan , Babu Subash , Mayer-Barber Katrin D. , Nakaya Helder I. , Fukutani Kiyoshi F. , Andrade Bruno B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection which causes tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Clinical presentation of TB patients is very diverse and disease heterogeneity is associated with changes in biomarker signatures. Here, we compared at the molecular level the extent of individual inflammatory perturbation of plasma protein and lipid mediators associated with TB in patients in China versus India. We performed a cross-sectional study analyzing the overall degree of inflammatory perturbation in treatment-naïve pulmonary TB patients and uninfected individuals from India (TB: n = 97, healthy: n = 20) and China (TB: n = 100, healthy: n = 11). We employed the molecular degree of perturbation (MDP) adapted to plasma biomarkers to examine the overall changes in inflammation between these countries. M. tuberculosis infection caused a significant degree of molecular perturbation in patients from both countries, with higher perturbation detected in India. Interestingly, there were differences in biomarker perturbation patterns and the overall degree of inflammation. Patients with severe TB exhibited increased MDP values and Indian patients with this condition exhibited even higher degree of perturbation compared to Chinese patients. Network analyses identified IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-1RI and TNF-α as combined biomarkers that account for the overall molecular perturbation in the entire study population. Our results delineate the magnitude of the systemic inflammatory perturbation in pulmonary TB and reveal qualitative changes in inflammatory profiles between two countries with high disease prevalence.
An unusually high production of hepatic aflatoxin B1-dihydrodiol, the possible explanation for the high susceptibility of ducks to aflatoxin B1
Authors: Diaz Gonzalo J. , Murcia Hansen W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA study was conducted to determine the enzymatic kinetic parameters Vmax, KM, and intrinsic clearance (CLint) for the hepatic in vitro production of aflatoxin B1-dihydrodiol (AFB1-dhd) from aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in four commercial poultry species, ranging in sensitivity to AFB1 from highest (ducks) to lowest (chickens). Significant but small differences were seen for Vmax, while large significant differences were observed for KM. However, the largest inter-species differences were observed for the CLint parameter, with ducks being extraordinarily efficient in converting AFB1 into AFB1-dhd. Since AFB1-dhd is considered the metabolite responsible for the acute toxic effects of AFB1, the high hepatic production of AFB1-dhd from AFB1 in ducks is the possible biochemical explanation for the extraordinary high sensitivity of this poultry species to the adverse effects of AFB1.
High glucose promotes breast cancer proliferation and metastasis by impairing angiotensinogen expression
Authors: Sun Shichao , Sun Yao , Rong Xiaoping , Bai Lei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A number of investigations have addressed the importance of high glucose in breast cancer, however, the involvement of angiotensinogen (AGT) in this scenario is yet to be defined. Here we set out to analyze the potential pro-tumor effects of high glucose in breast cancer, and understand the underlying molecular mechanism. We demonstrated that high glucose promoted cell proliferation, viability, and anchorage-independent growth of breast cancer cells. In addition, the migrative and invasive capacities were significantly enhanced by high glucose medium. Mechanistically, AGT expression was inhibited by high glucose at both transcriptional and translational levels. High AGT remarkably suppressed proliferation, inhibited viability, and compromised migration/invasion of breast cancer cells. Most importantly, ectopic introduction of AGT almost completely abrogated pro-tumor effects of high glucose. Our study has characterized the pro-tumor properties of high glucose in breast cancer cells, which is predominantly attributed to the suppression of AGT.
Magnetic activity of the young solar analog V1358 Orinis
Authors: Kriskovics L. , Kővári Zs. , Vida K. , Oláh K. , Carroll T. A. , Granzer T. 
Published: May 2019

Context. Young, fast-rotating single stars can show dramatically different magnetic signatures and levels of magnetic activity as compared with the Sun. While losing angular momentum due to magnetic breaking and mass loss through stellar winds, the stars gradually spin down resulting in decreasing levels of activity. Studying magnetic activity on such solar analogues plays a key role in understanding the evolution of solar-like stars and allows a glimpse into the past of the Sun as well.
Aims. In order to widen our knowledge of the magnetic evolution of the Sun and solar-like stars, magnetic activity of the young solar analog V1358 Ori is investigated.
Methods. Fourier analysis of long-term photometric data is used to derive rotational period and activity cycle length, while spectral synthesis is applied to high-resolution spectroscopic data in order to derive precise astrophysical parameters. Doppler imaging is performed to recover surface-temperature maps for two subsequent intervals. Cross-correlation of the consecutive Doppler maps is used to derive surface differential rotation. The rotational modulation of the chromospheric activity indicators is also investigated.
Results. An activity cycle of ~1600 days is detected for V1358 Ori. Doppler imaging revealed a surface-temperature distribution dominated by a large polar cap with a few weaker features around the equator. This spot configuration is similar to other maps of young solar analogs from the literature, and supports recent model predictions. We detected solar-like surface differential rotation with a surface shear parameter of α = 0.016 ± 0.010, which is in close agreement with our recently proposed empirical relation between rotation and differential rotation. The chromospheric activity indicators showed rotational modulation.
Algorithms for characteristics recognition of man-induced incidents based on safe city HSC
Authors: Barinov Sergey , Kalaydov Aleksandr , Mitryakov Vyacheslav 
Published: May 2019

Under the conditions created by the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions, the top priority is to ensure the well-being of citizens as the main state development indicator.
The volume of construction of industrial facilities is increasing under these conditions in Russia.
State authorities and local governments take measures to protect the population from natural and man-induces emergencies, as well as to reduce the risk of their occurrence within the Russian Federation.
In Russia, the concept of building and developing Safe City Hardware and Software Complex (HSC) is being implemented, which allows to monitor the condition of buildings, structures, to ensure the operation of message receiving and processing systems, emergency call systems, as well as other municipal services of various activities; monitoring, forecasting, notification and management systems of all types of risks and threats peculiar to a municipal corporation [7].
The authors have developed various algorithms to automate the processes.
Algorithm for characteristics recognition of man-induced incidents aimed to improve the accuracy of emergency identification when incomplete source information regarding the current situation is received, as well as the structure of an information decision-making support system while managing forces and means of emergency response based on SAFE CITY HSC.