bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stilbene production as part of drought adaptation mechanisms in cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) roots modulates antioxidant status
Authors: Hanzouli F. , Daldoul S. , Zemni H. , Boubakri H. , Vincenzi S. , Mliki A. , Gargouri M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Stilbenes, naturally occurring polyphenolic secondary metabolites, play a pivotal role in adaptation of various plant species to biotic and abiotic factors. Recently, increased attention has been directed toward their potential to enhance plant stress tolerance.
We evaluated drought tolerance of three grapevine varieties grown with different levels of water deficit. Throughout, we studied physiological mechanisms associated with drought stress tolerance, particularly stilbene accumulation in root tissues, using HPLC. Additionally, we explored the possible relationship between antioxidant potential and stilbene accumulation in response to water deficit.
The results underscore the detrimental impact of water deficit on grapevine growth, water status, and membrane stability index, while revealing varying tolerance among the studied genotypes. Notably, Syrah variety had superior drought tolerance, compared to Razegui and Muscat d'Italie grapes. Under severe water deficit, Syrah exhibited a substantial increase in levels of stilbenic compounds, such as t‐resveratrol, t‐piceatannol, t‐ɛ‐viniferin, and t‐piceid, in root tissues compared to other genotypes. This increase was positively correlated with total antioxidant activity (TAA), emphasizing the active role of resveratrol and its derivatives in total antioxidant potential. This demonstratres the potential involvement of resveratrol and its derivatives in enhancing antioxidant status of the drought‐tolerant Syrah grape variety.
Our findings suggest that these stilbenes may function as valuable markers in grapevine breeding programs, offering novel insights for the sustainable cultivation of grapevines in water‐limited environments.
CRISPR‐Mediated SRY Gene Mutation Increases the Expression of Female Lineage‐Specific Gene in Pre‐Implantation Buffalo Embryo
Authors: Punetha Meeti , Saini Sheetal , Sharma Surabhi , Thakur Swati , Dahiya Priya , Mangal Manu , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Dharmendra , Yadav P. S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn mammals, sex determination is governed by the SRY gene on the Y chromosome, redirecting gonadal development from forming ovaries to testes. Mutations or alterations in the SRY gene can significantly affect phenotypic changes and lineage‐specific markers. This study aims to elucidate the role of the SRY gene in buffalo embryos using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology. We designed a crRNA targeting the HMG domain of the SRY gene using the CRISPOR algorithm. Nucleofection of sgRNA‐Cas9 RNPs into buffalo fibroblasts confirmed efficient cleavage at the targeted site. Using this validated guide, we investigated the role of the SRY gene in sexual determination by electroporating CRISPR‐Cas9‐RNPs into single‐stage zygotes of buffalo. Genetic changes in the SRY gene were confirmed through sequencing, revealing mosaic blastocysts with multiple alleles and non‐mosaic mutants. Mutations in SRY gene increased the expression of female lineage‐specific gene Wnt4 whereas decreased the expression of male specific gene SOX9 in blastocysts, suggesting reprogramming towards female sex determination pathways. Our findings provide insights into buffalo sex differentiation mechanisms and potential applications in reproductive strategies for breeding programmes.
Worsening sleep predicts next‐week suicidal ideation in a high‐risk adolescent outpatient treatment sample
Authors: Teresi Giana I. , Merranko John , Porta Giovanna , Bero Kelsey , Poling Kimberly D. , Brent David A. , Goldstein Tina R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionSuicidal thoughts and behaviors often onset during adolescence, constituting a major public health concern. Despite rising rates in youth, psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment outcomes remain meager, indicating a need to identify modifiable risk factors. Experts suggest sleep may serve as a promising clinical indicator of risk and treatment progress, yet few studies have examined acute temporal associations between sleep and suicidal ideation.MethodsParticipants were depressed and suicidal adolescents (age 13–19, n = 311) attending an intensive outpatient program (IOP). Patients completed weekly self‐report assessments of sleep, depression, and suicidal ideation throughout IOP, with an average of 5 assessments over 30 days.ResultsGreater overall sleep difficulties, as well as within‐person increases in sleep difficulties, were predictive of greater depression severity and suicidal ideation at subsequent assessments, above and beyond previous levels of symptoms. The reverse associations were not found. Inclusion of within‐person changes in sleep difficulties significantly improved model fit compared to inclusion of overall sleep difficulties alone.DiscussionThis study provides additional evidence for a prospective relationship between worsening sleep difficulties and suicidal ideation in an IOP youth sample. Worsening sleep may be an important clinical indicator of subsequent depression and suicide risk among adolescents in treatment.
Cellular Immunity Against BK Polyomavirus in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Al‐Talib Mohammed , Skaria Anna , Griffin Siân 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is an important opportunistic viral infection that complicates kidney transplantation. Uncontrolled viral replication may result in BKPyV‐associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN), a major cause of premature allograft damage and failure. In the continued absence of proven treatments, management relies on the empirical reduction of immunosuppression to facilitate an effective host immune response to clear the virus. This may be complicated by the risk of allograft rejection. There is compelling evidence that cellular immune responses are key to establishing control after viral reactivation. Measurable peripheral BKPyV‐specific T cell responses temporally correlate with declining viral loads and subsequent clearance. Conversely, these responses are delayed or absent in BKPyVAN. How these peripheral findings correspond to the intragraft response, and whether BKPyV‐specific T cells contribute to the immunopathology of BKPyVAN, remains poorly understood. Molecular techniques have provided some insights; however, these have been unable to fully discriminate BKPyVAN from cellular rejection to date. Furthermore, the contributions of components of innate cellular immunity, such as natural killer cells, are not known.Herein, we review the role of cellular immunity in BKPyV infection in kidney transplant recipients. We discuss advances in the understanding of how the development, phenotype, and functionality of these responses may determine the balance between viral control and immunopathology, and how this knowledge is being translated into tools to prognosticate and guide individualized immunosuppression reduction. Lastly, we consider how further elucidation of these responses may inform the design of therapies that would revolutionize how BKPyV is managed after transplantation.
Phenotypic characterization of Echinochloa species in California rice
Authors: Vulchi Rohith , Guan Taiyu , Clark Troy , Brim‐DeForest Whitney 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTwo independent greenhouse experiments were conducted in December 2020 and July 2021 in Davis, CA to characterize Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Echinochloa oryzicola (Vasinger) Vasinger and Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller found in California rice systems based on their morphological traits. Phenotypic data was collected on 10 vegetative traits including plant height, number of tillers, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, flag leaf angle, the colour of leaf sheath, leaf blade colour, internode colour, node colour, growth habit and nine reproductive traits including number of days to heading, number of panicles, length of panicle, length of panicle branches, seeds per panicle, panicle weight, seed colour, awn length and awn pattern. High plasticity was observed in all species characterized in both experiments for both vegetative and reproductive traits, indicating potential inter‐specific hybridization. Awn length, days to heading, length of the panicle, length of the panicle branches, plant height, flag leaf angle, and growth habit were significantly higher in the fall experiment for all species indicating photoperiod could play a role in the expression of these traits. Also, high variation was observed for plant height, number of tillers, awn length, panicle weight, seeds/panicle, length of panicle branch, and number of panicles for all species in both experiments. The results from this study indicate morphological diversity currently present in Echinochloa species could contribute to their adaptation to selection pressure imposed by different management tools in California, emphasizing the need for a diversified management approach to effectively control this weed species.
L${L}$‐functions of Kloosterman sheaves
Authors: Qin Yichen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this article, we study a family of motives associated with the symmetric power of Kloosterman sheaves constructed by Fresán, Sabbah, and Yu. They demonstrated that for , the ‐functions of extend meromorphically to and satisfy the functional equations conjectured by Broadhurst and Roberts. Our work aims to extend these results to the ‐functions of some of the motives , with , as well as other related two‐dimensional motives. In particular, we prove several conjectures of Evans type, which relate moments of Kloosterman sheaves and Fourier coefficients of modular forms.
The Healthy and Active Fund: Lessons From the Evaluation Experiences of Community-Based Physical Activity Projects in Wales
Authors: Kolovou Vasiliki , Kolosowska Anna , Embling Rochelle , Mchugh Niamh , Bradley John Stewart , Pilkington Paul 
Published: November 2024

Background: The “Healthy and Active Fund” involved 17 community-based projects focused on the delivery of physical activity interventions, led by a variety of public and third sector organizations. As a novel, direct approach to capturing impact at this level, these organizations were encouraged to robustly evaluate and monitor their own project’s outcomes, with core funds allocated to this process. This study aimed to explore project experiences of planning and completing evaluation activities, to better understand how to support community-based practice improvement. Methods: In-depth semistructured interviews were completed with individuals who had supported their project’s evaluation. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify key facilitators and barriers associated with evaluation in this context. Results: Across 3 identified themes, participants (N = 15, 12 projects) referred to a need for greater organizational capacity and expertise, familiarity with evaluation methods, partnership-working, inclusivity, and flexibility, particularly when collecting data from project beneficiaries. Overarching program support (eg, case officers) was viewed as a valuable resource that was disrupted by COVID-19. Participants highlighted the resilience of their projects when engaging with evaluation processes and acknowledged wider learning across organization networks as a result of this success. Conclusions: This study shows that projects may benefit from closer support and external expertise for research and evaluation. There is willingness by third sector and public bodies to adopt research and evaluation methods into routine practice, but significant barriers persist. Future programs should continue to support adaptable approaches to evaluation at community-level, to better progress health and well-being goals for diverse populations.
Unravelling switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI-SNF) complex-deficient thoracic tumours: a clinicopathological comparative on undifferentiated tumours and non-small cell lung carcinomas with BRG1 and BRM deficiency
Authors: Sood Ridhi , Tandon Arshi , Khatoon Warisa , Vasanthraman Jayashimman , Nambirajan Aruna , Mohan Anant , Malik Prabhat Singh , Jain Deepali 
Published: November 2024

AimsThis study was undertaken to compare and expand the clinicopathological characteristics of SMARCA4-deficient thoracic undifferentiated tumour (SMARCA4-dUT) and switch/sucrose non-fermentable-deficient non-small cell lung carcinomas (SWI/SNF-dNSCLC) and to address cases with intermediate features.MethodsThe pathology department archive was searched for all primary mediastinal, pleural and lung-based malignancies that showed aberrant expression of two SWI/SNF proteins the Brahma (BRM) akaSMARCA2and/or (Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) akaSMARCA4. Patient demographics, treatment and clinical outcomes were collected from records and telephonic interviews. Differences in histopathological features and immunohistochemical stains were analysed. Cases with characteristics intermediate between both tumour entities were sequenced to advance our understanding of their biology and to assign them a more accurate classification.ResultsWe identified 50 tumours with SMARCA4 and/or SMARCA2 deficiencies, including 23 (46%) SMARCA4-dUT, 18 (36%) SMARCA4-dNSCLC and 2 (4%) SMARCA2-dNSCLC. Dyscohesive or undifferentiated cellular morphology versus frank gland formation along with keratin, claudin-4 and expression of >1 stem cell marker helped classify the SWI/SNF deficient tumours as SMARCA4-dUT or SWI/SNF-dNSCLC (p<0.05). Seven (14%) cases with BRG1 deficiency displayed ‘intermediate’ features of both SMARCA4-dNSCLC and SMARCA4-dUT and had the shortest overall survival. The smoking-related gene signature was observed on sequencing in all four cases examined.ConclusionTumours with intermediate features between SMARCA4-dUT and SWI/SNF-dNSCLC exist and portend an equally poor prognoses. Immunostains, including keratin, claudin-4, TTF1, HepPar1, stem cell markers, along with BRG1 and BRM testing, are essential adjuncts to morphology, while molecular studies can offer supplementary evidence in challenging cases.
Pre-exercise ingestion of a low glycaemic index rice-based mixed meal increases fat oxidation and endurance running performance in a hot-humid environment
Authors: Bahari Zaini , Aziz Abdul Rashid , Safii Nik Shanita , Che Muhamed Ahmad Munir 
Published: November 2024

Relative to exercise in a thermoneutral environment, there is only limited evidence demonstrating that a low glycaemic index (LGI) pre-exercise meal can enhance endurance exercise performance in a hot-humid (HH) condition. Also, previous studies predominantly utilised Western-based and single food items, with minimal focus on Asian-based mixed meals. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-exercise LGI and high glycaemic index (HGI) rice-based mixed meals on endurance performance among acclimatised trained athletes in HH condition (32 °C, 65% relative humidity). Twelve native-born endurance-trained male runners (age 22.0 ± 5.8 years; peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) 64.2 ± 5.5 mL kg−1 min−1) completed two trials consisting of 45 min steady-state (SS) run at 70% V̇O2peak followed by 10 km performance run (TT10km). Three hours before exercise, participants consumed an isocaloric rice-based mixed meals containing either LGI (GI value = 47) or HGI (GI value = 80), providing 1.3 g of carbohydrate (CHO) per kg of body mass. Participants ran faster during TT10 km after consuming the LGI meal compared to the HGI meal (LGI: 55.18 ± 1.22 vs. HGI: 57.03 ± 2.25 min, p = 0.010). End rectal temperature did not significantly differ between trials (LGI: 39.16 ± 0.74 vs. HGI: 38.95 ± 0.46 °C, p = 0.352). Fat oxidation was higher during the SS run in the LGI compared to the HGI trial (LGI: 0.19 ± 0.05 vs. HGI: 0.13 ± 0.19 g min−1, p = 0.001). This study demonstrated that, relative to HGI, consuming a pre-exercise LGI rice-based mixed meal enhanced endurance performance in HH environment among acclimatised trained male athletes.
A Multicentre Cross‐Sectional Study on Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors Among Personnel Working in Health Facilities in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Okwan Daniel Kobina , Scott Godfred Yawson , Takyi Pius , Boateng Clinton Owusu , Antwi Philemon Boasiako , Abrampah Akwasi Amponsah , Boateng De-Graft Kwaku Ofosu , Obeng Michael Agyemang 
Published: November 2024

Background: As part of efforts to reach the elimination target by 2030, the WHO and CDC recommend that all HCWs adhere to the three‐dose Hepatitis B vaccination schedule to protect themselves against the infection. This study assessed Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and associated factors among personnel working in health facilities in Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana.Materials and Methods: A cross‐sectional study involving 530 HCWs was conducted in four hospitals in Kumasi from September to November 2023. An investigator‐administered questionnaire was employed in gathering participant demographics and other information related to vaccination coverage. IBM SPSS Version 26.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0 were used for analysing the data.Results: Even though the majority (70.6%) reported having taken at least one dose of the vaccine, only 43.6% were fully vaccinated (≥ 3 doses). More than a quarter (29.4%) had not taken any dose of the HBV vaccine. Close to a quarter (23.6%) had not screened or tested for HBV infection in their lifetime. The statistically significant variables influencing vaccination status were age, marital status, profession, and status in the hospital. Nearly one‐half (44.9%) of the participants who have not taken the vaccine reported they do not have a reason for not taking it, and a high proportion (80.1%) were willing to take the vaccine when given for free.Conclusion: To combat the low Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among healthcare workers in Kumasi, Ghana, amidst the significant public health threat of HBV infection, comprehensive measures are necessary. These include implementing infection prevention control programmes, enhancing occupational health and safety, and conducting health promotion campaigns in healthcare facilities. Extending and intensifying Hepatitis B screening and vaccination initiatives to tertiary institutions and encouraging employers, supervisors, or team leaders to provide these services nationwide are also recommended.
Protein Biomarkers of Adverse Clinical Features and Events in Sarcomeric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tahir Usman A. , Kolm Paul , Kwong Raymond Y. , Desai Milind Y. , Dolman Sarahfaye F. , Deng Shuliang , Appelbaum Evan , Desvigne-Nickens Patrice , DiMarco John P. , Tiwari Gaurav , Friedrich Matthias G. , Zelaya-Portillo Julissa H. , Jerosch-Herold Michael , Kim Dong-Yun , Maron Martin S. , Piechnik Stefan K. , Schulz-Menger Jeanette , Watkins Hugh , Weintraub William S. , Neubauer Stefan , Kramer Christopher M. , Jarolim Petr , Gerszten Robert E. , Ho Carolyn Y. ,   on behalf of the HCMR Investigators
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous condition that can lead to atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death in many individuals but mild clinical impact in others. The mechanisms underlying this phenotypic heterogeneity are not well defined. The aim of this study was to use plasma proteomic profiling to help illuminate biomarkers that reflect or inform the heterogeneity observed in HCM.

METHODS:
The Olink antibody–based proteomic platform was used to measure plasma proteins in patients with genotype positive (sarcomeric) HCM participating in the HCM Registry. We assessed associations between plasma protein levels with clinical features, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging metrics, and the development of atrial fibrillation.

RESULTS:
We measured 275 proteins in 701 patients with sarcomeric HCM. There were associations between late gadolinium enhancement with proteins reflecting neurohormonal activation (NT-proBNP [N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide] and ACE2 [angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]). Metrics of left ventricular remodeling had novel associations with proteins involved in vascular development and homeostasis (vascular endothelial growth factor-D and TM [thrombomodulin]). Assessing clinical features, the European Society of Cardiology sudden cardiac death risk score was inversely associated with SCF (stem cell factor). Incident atrial fibrillation was associated with mediators of inflammation and fibrosis (MMP2 [matrix metalloproteinase 2] and SPON1 [spondin 1]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Proteomic profiling of sarcomeric HCM identified biomarkers associated with adverse imaging and clinical phenotypes. These circulating proteins are part of both established pathways, including neurohormonal activation and fibrosis, and less familiar pathways, including endothelial function and inflammatory proteins less well characterized in HCM. These findings highlight the value of plasma profiling to identify biomarkers of risk and to gain further insights into the pathophysiology of HCM.
No Line Left Behind: Assortative Matching Inside the Firm
Authors: Adhvaryu Achyuta , Bassi Vittorio , Nyshadham Anant , Tamayo Jorge 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We leverage the high degree of worker mobility across production lines in a large Indian manufacturer to estimate the sorting of workers to managers, using data on daily worker productivity. We find negative assortative matching (NAM): better workers tend to be matched with worse managers. Estimates of the production technology, however, reveal that productivity would increase by up to 4% under positive sorting. Exploiting a survey of managers and data on orders from multinational brands, we document that NAM arises, at least partly, because maintaining valuable relationships with buyers provides strong incentives to avoid delays on any given production line.
Heterogeneity in Damages from a Pandemic
Authors: Finkelstein Amy , Kocks Geoffrey , Polyakova Maria , Udalova Victoria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We use nationally-representative linked survey and administrative data to document socioeconomic and demographic disparities in the economic and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States during its first two years. Impacts on all-cause mortality and on employment were concentrated in the same racial/ethnic, education, industry, and occupation groups. Black-White and Hispanic-White disparities in mortality impacts narrowed over the two years, but educational disparities persisted. For economic impacts, only Hispanic-White disparities narrowed. Lower-income individuals experienced greater mortality impacts and this gradient steepened in the second year. Our findings, using consistent methods and measures, highlight the pandemic's heterogeneous impacts.
A Fundamental Connection: Exchange Rates and Macroeconomic Expectations
Authors: Stavrakeva Vania , Tang Jenny 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We disprove the exchange rate macroeconomic disconnect puzzle by showing that macroeconomic news can explain most variation in exchange rates at monthly and quarterly frequencies, accounting for up to 91 percent of the quarterly exchange rate variation during US recessions and 65 percent over all periods. The main driver of the reconnect is exchange rates responding to past news—a result inconsistent with the theory of uncovered interest rate parity under full information rational expectations (UIP-FIRE). We discuss theoretical models that can explain this surprising result, including models featuring currency risk premia, regulatory or institutional frictions, or deviation from FIRE.