bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastic Scintillator‐Based Microfluidic Devices for Miniaturized Detection of Positron Emission Tomography Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Tarn Mark D. , Kızılyer Nuray Yavuzkanat , Esfahani Mohammad M. N. , Joshi Pankaj , Brown Nathaniel J. , Pamme Nicole , Jenkins David G. , Archibald Stephen J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA miniaturized radio‐HPLC detector has been developed comprising a microfluidic device fabricated from plastic scintillator in combination with a silicon photomultiplier light sensor, and tested with samples containing a positron‐emitting radionuclide, [18F]fluoride. This cost‐effective, small footprint analytical tool is ideal for incorporation into integrated quality control systems for the testing of positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals to good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards.
Exploiting the Thiobarbituric Acid Scaffold for Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Sharma Anamika , Noki Sikabwe , Zamisa Sizwe J. , Hazzah Heba A. , Almarhoon Zainab M. , El‐Faham Ayman , de la Torre Beatriz G. , Albericio Fernando 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThiobarbituric acid (TBA) has been considered a privileged structure for developing antimicrobial agents. Diversity was obtained at positions N and at C5 through acylation, Schiff base formation, Knoevenagel condensation, and thioamide and enamine formation. The present work describes the synthesis of small libraries based on the TBA moiety and above‐mentioned reactions. Preliminary antimicrobial activity screening of the prepared compounds against selected bacteria (both Gram‐positive and ‐negative) showed the best results for the Boc‐Phe‐TBA derivative. These results could be useful for designing and building libraries based on other amino acids with distinct protecting groups.
Analysis of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone‐1 and kisspeptin neuronal systems in the nonphotoregulated seasonally breeding eastern rock elephant‐shrew (Elephantulus myurus)
Authors: Medger Katarina , Bennett Nigel C. , Chimimba Christian T. , Oosthuizen Maria K. , Mikkelsen Jens D. , Coen Clive W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOf the 18 sub‐Saharan elephant‐shrew species, only eastern rock elephant‐shrews reproduce seasonally throughout their distribution, a process seemingly independent of photoperiod. The present study characterizes gonadal status and location/intensity of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone‐1 (GnRH‐1) and kisspeptin immunoreactivities in this polyovulating species in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. GnRH‐1‐immunoreactive (ir) cell bodies are predominantly in the medial septum, diagonal band, and medial preoptic area; processes are generally sparse except in the external median eminence. Kisspeptin‐ir cell bodies are detected only within the arcuate nucleus; the density of processes is generally low, except in the septohypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, arcuate nucleus, and internal and external median eminence. Kisspeptin‐ir processes are negligible at locations containing GnRH‐1‐ir cell bodies. The external median eminence is the only site with conspicuously overlapping distributions of the respective immunoreactivities and, accordingly, a putative site for kisspeptin's regulation of GnRH‐1 release in this species. In the nonbreeding season in males, there is an increase in the rostral population of GnRH‐1‐ir cell bodies and density of GnRH‐1‐ir processes in the median eminence. In both sexes, the breeding season is associated with increased kisspeptin‐ir process density in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle and arcuate nucleus; at the latter site, this is positively correlated with gonadal mass. Cross‐species comparisons lead us to hypothesize differential mechanisms within these peptidergic systems: that increased GnRH‐1 immunoreactivity during the nonbreeding season reflects increased accumulation with reduced release; that increased kisspeptin immunoreactivity during the breeding season reflects increased synthesis with increased release.
The interplay between experiential states in first generation schema therapy of Cluster C personality problems: A network approach
Authors: Hoffart Asle 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe tested a theory‐derived network of within‐person causal relations between experiential states in schema therapy of Cluster C personality problems. The sample consisted of 35 patients with panic disorder and/or agoraphobia and DSM‐IV Cluster C personality traits or disorders who participated in an inpatient programme. In a 6‐week schema therapy phase, the patients had nine or 10 individual sessions and completed measures of experiential states (anger, sadness, depression, anxiety, optimism, and schema belief) before and after each session. The impact of these six states on each other and on themselves over time was examined in mixed models. Schema belief was positively related to subsequent anger and sadness, whereas optimism was negatively related to subsequent schema belief, sadness, and depression. The results suggest that one could maximize the effect of schema therapy on dysphoric feelings in patients with Cluster C personality problems through a therapeutic focus on optimism and schema belief.
An ultra‐linear CMOS image sensor for a high‐accuracy imaging system
Authors: Teymouri Masood , Sobhi Jafar 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper presents an ultra‐linear CMOS image sensor (CIS) which can be used in the high‐accuracy imaging system. A new technique has been introduced to implement unity gain buffer as an APS readout circuit. Moreover, to save power consumption and silicon area without losing speed, a column 10‐Bit SS‐ADC with built‐in correlated double sampling function is presented. Nonlinearity, dynamic range, total input referred readout noise, and power consumption for the proposed readout circuit are 0.08%, 49 dB, 5.05 μV, and 126 μW, respectively. The results indicate up to 12.5 times linearity and 15 times gain error are improved compared with a conventional SF readout. A 320 × 240 pixel CIS has been designed in the 0.18‐μm CMOS technology, and important results are provided.
Variability‐aware design of a bandgap voltage reference with 0.18% standard deviation and 68 nW power consumption
Authors: Cucchi F. , Di Pascoli S. , Iannaccone G. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we present a design approach based on a reassessment of design priorities to obtain robust circuits with respect to process variability. We show that if we address variability as one of the main issues in circuit design, and make it inform our very first design choices, we are able to significantly reduce dispersion of circuit characteristics without degrading of the other performance figures. We apply this variability‐aware approach to the design of a nanopower reference voltage generator in 0.18‐μm CMOS technology. The result is a BJT‐based topology, which provides a reference voltage of about 241 mV from a 1 V supply voltage. Measurements on 20 samples from a single batch show that the reference voltage exhibits a relative standard deviation of 0.18%, while consuming only 68.3 nW. This is comparable with the performance of references that are either trimmed or consume much more power. This reduced process sensitivity comes at the cost of a significant increase of die area (0.28 mm2).
Tritrophic interactions between a fungal pathogen, a spider predator, and the blacklegged tick
Authors: Fischhoff Ilya R. , Burtis James C. , Keesing Felicia , Ostfeld Richard S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis is the primary vector for the bacterium causing Lyme disease in eastern North America and for other medically important pathogens. This species is vulnerable to attack by fungal pathogens and arthropod predators, but the impacts of interactions between biocontrol agents have not been examined. The biocontrol agent Met52®, containing the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum (=M. anisopliae), controls blacklegged ticks with efficacy comparable to chemical acaricides. The brush‐legged wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata is a predator of I. scapularis that reduces their survival under field conditions. We conducted a field microcosm experiment to assess the compatibility of Met52 and S. ocreata as tick biocontrol agents. We compared the fits of alternative models in predicting survival of unfed (flat) and blood‐fed (engorged) nymphs. We found the strongest support for a model that included negative effects of Met52 and S. ocreata on flat nymph survival. We found evidence for interference between biocontrol agents, with Met52 reducing spider survival, but we did not find a significant interaction effect between the two agents on nymph survival. For engorged nymphs, low recovery rates resulted in low statistical power to detect possible effects of biocontrol agents. We found that nymph questing activity was lower when the spider was active above the leaf litter than when the spider was unobserved. This provides the first evidence that predation cues might affect behavior important for tick fitness and pathogen transmission. This study presents field microcosm evidence that the biopesticide Met52 and spider Schizocosa ocreata each reduced survival of blacklegged ticks Ixodes scapularis. Met52 reduced spider survival. Potential interference between Met52 and the spider should be examined at larger scales, where overlap patterns may differ. Ticks were more likely to quest when the spider was inactive, suggesting the ticks changed their behavior to reduce danger.
Quaternary climate instability is correlated with patterns of population genetic variability in Bombus huntii
Authors: Koch Jonathan B. , Vandame Rémy , Mérida‐Rivas Jorge , Sagot Philippe , Strange James 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClimate oscillations have left a significant impact on the patterns of genetic diversity observed in numerous taxa. In this study, we examine the effect of Quaternary climate instability on population genetic variability of a bumble bee pollinator species, Bombus huntii in western North America. Pleistocene and contemporary B. huntii habitat suitability (HS) was estimated with an environmental niche model (ENM) by associating 1,035 locality records with 10 bioclimatic variables. To estimate genetic variability, we genotyped 380 individuals from 33 localities at 13 microsatellite loci. Bayesian inference was used to examine population structure with and without a priori specification of geographic locality. We compared isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by resistance (IBR) models to examine population differentiation within and among the Bayesian inferred genetic clusters. Furthermore, we tested for the effect of environmental niche stability (ENS) on population genetic diversity with linear regression. As predicted, high‐latitude B. huntii habitats exhibit low ENS when compared to low‐latitude habitats. Two major genetic clusters of B. huntii inhabit western North America: (a) a north genetic cluster predominantly distributed north of 28°N and (b) a south genetic cluster distributed south of 28°N. In the south genetic cluser, both IBD and IBR models are significant. However, in the north genetic cluster, IBD is significant but not IBR. Furthermore, the IBR models suggest that low‐latitude montane populations are surrounded by habitat with low HS, possibly limiting dispersal, and ultimately gene flow between populations. Finally, we detected high genetic diversity across populations in regions that have been climatically unstable since the last glacial maximum (LGM), and low genetic diversity across populations in regions that have been climatically stable since the LGM. Understanding how species have responded to climate change has the potential to inform management and conservation decisions of both ecological and economic concerns.
Expected impacts of climate change threaten the anuran diversity in the Brazilian hotspots
Authors: Vasconcelos Tiago S. , do Nascimento Bruno T. M. , Prado Vitor H. M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe performed Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) to generate climatically suitable areas for anurans in the Brazilian hotspots, the Atlantic Forest (AF), and Cerrado (CER), considering the baseline and future climate change scenarios, to evaluate the differences in the alpha and beta diversity metrics across time. We surveyed anuran occurrence records and generated ENMs for 350 and 155 species in the AF and CER. The final predictive maps for the baseline, 2050, and 2070 climate scenarios, based on an ensemble approach, were used to estimate the alpha (local species richness) and beta diversity metrics (local contribution to beta diversity index and its decomposition into replacement and nestedness components) in each ~50 × 50 km grid cell of the hotspots. Climate change is not expected to drastically change the distribution of the anuran richness gradients, but to negatively impact their whole extensions (i.e., cause species losses throughout the hotspots), except the northeastern CER that is expected to gain in species richness. Areas having high beta diversity are expected to decrease in northeastern CER, whereas an increase is expected in southeastern/southwestern CER under climate change. High beta diversity areas are expected to remain in the same AF locations as the prediction of the baseline climate, but the predominance of species loss under climate change is expected to increase the nestedness component in the hotspot. These results suggest that the lack of similar climatically suitable areas for most species will be the main challenge that species will face in the future. Finally, the application of the present framework to a wide range of taxa is an important step for the conservation of threatened biomes.
Andalusian Protected Designations of Origin of Virgin Olive Oil: The Role of Chemical Composition in Their Authentication
Authors: Aparicio‐Ruiz Ramón , García‐González Diego L. , Lobo‐Prieto Ana , Aparicio Ramón 
Published: July 2018

The latest regulation to protect unique virgin olive oils that have particular properties is called protected designations of origin (PDOs), and it has proven to be a successful way to protect quality and geographical authenticity. Nevertheless, sometimes the registration of new PDOs associated to new demarcations of geographic areas are almost based on administrative aspects rather than objective chemical data. In this study, the ability of chemical compounds of virgin olive oils with PDO is analyzed that are not labile and their concentrations do not vary over time − fatty acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, methyl‐sterols and sterols − to differentiate them from those produced in their neighboring geographical areas. Three cases in the Andalusia region (Southern Spain) that combine pedoclimatic characteristics and variations of cultivar have been studied (9 areas with PDO and 3 non‐PDO areas). With a modified procedure of ANOVA analysis − the Brown–Forsythe test, chemical compounds that show good characteristics for the classification of samples are selected, and this ability is later checked by applying the unsupervised algorithm of Principal Component Analysis. Differences in their chemical composition are found when comparing the PDO oils with those produced in the neighboring olive tree groves despite chemical criteria are not among the most decisive factors for registering PDOs.Practical Applications: The practical application of this study is centered in the possibilities of the chemical composition of virgin olive oil being used to differentiate the PDO authenticity. The results of this study proves that it is difficult to establish discreet limits defining the PDO areas. The current physical‐chemical information should be used by both administration and PDO councils to supplement arguments for approving or denying new PDOs.Chemistry can assist the authenticity of virgin olive oil PDOs. The registration of new PDOs associated with new demarcations of geographic areas are almost based on administrative aspects rather than objective chemical data. In this work, chemical compounds that show good characteristics for the classification of samples are selected, and their classifying ability is later checked.
Comparison of Different Processing Methods of Iron Walnut Oils (Juglans sigillata): Lipid Yield, Lipid Compositions, Minor Components, and Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Gao Pan , Liu Ruijie , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: July 2018

A comparison study is performed on different processing methods of iron walnut oils (Juglans sigillata). Processing methods here include cold‐pressing (CP), roasting‐pressing (RP), n‐hexane extraction (HE), subcritical butane extraction (SBE), and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The lipid yield, physicochemical properties, lipid compositions, minor components, and antioxidant capacity of iron walnut oils are analyzed. Different processing methods do not affect the fatty acid compositions and triacylglycerol compositions of iron walnut oil. The lipid yields of pressing process (42.63–44.12%) is lower than that of the extraction process (48.13–63.44%). By multiple linear regression analysis, the results about the correlation between minor components and antioxidant capacity show that the RP process with high number of polyphenols (52.91 mg kg−1) indicates the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH: 574.73, FRAP: 111.80, ABTS: 498.53, ORAC: 523.34 µmol TE kg−1, respectively). Considering health and nutritional value of oil, RP can be a promising method for future iron walnut oil processing.Practical Applications: Iron walnut (Juglans sigillata) is a special walnut variety in China. In this study, five different processing methods of iron walnut oil are evaluated. The new iron walnut oil processing method is beneficial to the development of iron walnut oil. The authors show that lipid composition of tested oils is relatively stable, while their minor components contents are significantly different. Oil antioxidant capacity is mainly related to polyphenols. Roasting‐pressing can obviously improve the antioxidant activity of the iron walnut oil. This information has important directive to the nutritional value and industrial production of iron walnut oil.Iron walnut oil is obtained from Juglans sigillata by different processing methods, including cold‐pressing, roasting‐pressing, n‐hexane extraction, subcritical butane extraction, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The lipid yield, physicochemical properties, lipid compositions, minor components, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and ORAC) are analyzed. Models deduced by multiple linear regression are recognized as acceptable for predicting the antioxidant capacity of the iron walnut oil.
Multiobjective self‐optimization of the cellular architecture for green 5G networks
Authors: Aissaoui Ferhi Leila , Sethom Kaouthar , Choubani Fethi , Bouallegue Ridha 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCellular architecture, energy efficiency, and self‐optimizing network are key features to meet the forecast requirements of the fifth‐generation networks. Frequently, the major optimization focus is on maximizing the data rate, but many other objectives are considered ahead to be optimized in the standardization of green fifth‐generation networks such as ubiquitous coverage, cost, availability, latency, automation, energy efficiency, load balancing, mobility, and awareness, which are often conflicting objectives. In this paper, we propose a multiobjective evolutionary framework using a real traffic profile and three‐dimensional beamforming to ensure green self‐optimization of the network cellular layouts. The framework is based on a genetic algorithm (GA) handling conflicting objectives: coverage, capacity, energy efficiency, load balancing, and mobility. The simulation results show a dynamic and automated design of the network layouts following the spatial and temporal fluctuation of the traffic. The sectors are switched‐on, shaped, and switched‐off only where and when required for both macro and virtual small cell layers.
Knockout of hyaluronan synthase 1, but not 3, impairs formation of the retrocalcaneal bursa
Authors: Sikes Katie J. , Renner Kristen , Li Jun , Grande‐Allen K. Jane , Connell Jennifer P. , Cali Valbona , Midura Ronald J. , Sandy John D. , Plaas Anna , Wang Vincent M. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTHyaluronan (HA), a high molecular weight non‐sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is an integral component of the extracellular matrix of developing and mature connective tissues including tendon. There are few published reports quantifying HA content during tendon growth and maturation, or detailing its effects on the mechanical properties of the tendon extracellular matrix. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine the role of HA synthesis during post‐natal skeletal growth and maturation, and its influence on tendon structure and biomechanical function. For this purpose, the morphological, biochemical, and mechanical properties of Achilles tendons from wild type (WT) and hyaluronan synthase 1 and 3 deficient mouse strains (Has1−/−(Has1KO),Has3−/−(Has3KO), andHas1−/−3−/−(Has1/3KO)) were determined at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age. Overall, HAS‐deficient mice did not show any marked differences from WT mice in Achilles tendon morphology or in the HA and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) contents. However,HAS1‐deficiency (in the single or Has1/3 double KO) impeded post‐natal formation of the retrocalcaneal bursa, implicating HAS1 in regulating HA metabolism by cells lining the bursal cavity. Together, these data suggest that HA metabolism via HAS1 and HAS3 does not markedly influence the extracellular matrix structure or function of the tendon body, but plays a role in the formation/maintenance of peritendinous bursa. Additional studies are warranted to elucidate the relationship of HA and CS/DS metabolism to tendon healing and repair in vivo. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2622–2632, 2018.
Characterization of aroma, aroma‐active compounds and fatty acids profiles of cv. Nizip Yaglik oils as affected by three maturity periods of olives
Authors: Amanpour Armin , Kelebek Hasim , Selli Serkan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to investigate how olive maturity indices (MI) (2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 MI) affect the aroma, aroma‐active compounds, fatty acid profiles and color properties of cv. Nizip Yaglik olive oils. Various techniques for extracting volatiles from oil materials are available in the literature. Aroma compounds were extracted by the solvent‐assisted flavor evaporation extraction method for the first time in olive oil.RESULTSThe type and number of aroma‐active compounds varied according to maturity periods of olives. A total of 22, 21 and 20 different key odorants were found in aromatic extracts of samples with 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 MI, respectively. The most potent aroma‐active compounds based on flavor dilution (FD) factor values were hexanal (green) for 2.5 MI (FD: 1024) and 3.5 MI (FD: 512), as well as 1‐penten‐3‐ol (green‐leafy) for 4.5 MI (FD: 512).CONCLUSIONOverall, olive oils obtained from unripe and medium‐ripe olives had stronger green and fruity odours compared to ripe olives. Principal component analysis demonstrated that oils were clearly discriminated according to their general physicochemical analysis, fatty acids, aroma profiles and key odorants. The results of the present study show that the olive maturity period has a significant influence on the quality parameters of olive oil. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry