bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronically Coupled Uranium and Iron Oxide Heterojunctions as Efficient Water Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Leduc Jennifer , Gönüllü Yakup , Ruoko Tero‐Petri , Fischer Thomas , Mayrhofer Leonhard , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Dong Chung‐Li , Held Alexander , Moseler Michael , Mathur Sanjay 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe most critical challenge faced in realizing a high efficiency photoelectrochemical water splitting process is the lack of suitable photoanodes enabling the transfer of four electrons involved in the complex oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Uranium oxides are efficient catalysts due to their wide range optical absorption (Eg≈ 1.8–3.2 eV), high photoconductivity, and multiple valence switching among uranium centers that improves the charge propagation kinetics. Herein, thin films of depleted uranium oxide (U3O8) are demonstrated grown via chemical vapor deposition effectively accelerate the OER in conjunction with hematite (α‐Fe2O3) overlayers through a built‐in potential at the interface. Density functional theory simulations demonstrate that the multivalence of U and Fe ions induce the adjustment of the band alignment subject to the concentration of interfacial Fe ions. In general, the equilibrium state depicts a type II band edge as the favored alignment, which improves charge‐transfer processes as observed in transient and X‐ray absorption (TAS and XAS) spectroscopy. The enhanced water splitting photocurrent density of the heterostructures (J= 2.42 mA cm−2) demonstrates the unexplored potential of uranium oxide in artificial photosynthesis.
On‐Body Bioelectronics: Wearable Biofuel Cells for Bioenergy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Biosensing
Authors: Jeerapan Itthipon , Sempionatto Juliane R. , Wang Joseph 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe growing power demands of wearable electronic devices have stimulated the development of on‐body energy‐harvesting strategies. This article reviews the recent progress on rapidly emerging wearable biofuel cells (BFCs), along with related challenges and prospects. Advanced on‐body BFCs in various wearable platforms, e.g., textiles, patches, temporary tattoo, or contact lenses, enable attractive advantages for bioenergy harnessing and self‐powered biosensing. These noninvasive BFCs open up unique opportunities for utilizing bioenergy or monitoring biomarkers present in biofluids, e.g., sweat, saliva, interstitial fluid, and tears, toward new biomedical, fitness, or defense applications. However, the realization of effective wearable BFC requires high‐quality enzyme‐electronic interface with efficient enzymatic and electrochemical processes and mechanical flexibility. Understanding the kinetics and mechanisms involved in the electron transfer process, as well as enzyme immobilization techniques, is essential for efficient and stable bioenergy harvesting under diverse mechanical strains and changing operational conditions expected in different biofluids and in a variety of outdoor activities. These key challenges of wearable BFCs are discussed along with potential solutions and future prospects. Understanding these obstacles and opportunities is crucial for transforming traditional bench‐top BFCs to effective and successful wearable BFCs.
Controlled Growth of Single‐Crystal Graphene Films
Authors: Zhang Jincan , Lin Li , Jia Kaicheng , Sun Luzhao , Peng Hailin , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGrain boundaries produced during material synthesis affect both the intrinsic properties of materials and their potential for high‐end applications. This effect is commonly observed in graphene film grown using chemical vapor deposition and therefore caused intense interest in controlled growth of grain‐boundary‐free graphene single crystals in the past ten years. The main methods for enlarging graphene domain size and reducing graphene grain boundary density are classified into single‐seed and multiseed approaches, wherein reduction of nucleation density and alignment of nucleation orientation are respectively realized in the nucleation stage. On this basis, detailed synthesis strategies, corresponding mechanisms, and key parameters in the representative methods of these two approaches are separately reviewed, with the aim of providing comprehensive knowledge and a snapshot of the latest status of controlled growth of single‐crystal graphene films. Finally, perspectives on opportunities and challenges in synthesizing large‐area single‐crystal graphene films are discussed.
Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions: Modulations on the Potential Barrier
Authors: Wen Zheng , Wu Di 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecently, ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) have attracted considerable attention for potential applications in next‐generation memories, owing to attractive advantages such as high‐density of data storage, nondestructive readout, fast write/read access, and low energy consumption. Herein, recent progress regarding FTJ devices is reviewed with an emphasis on the modulation of the potential barrier. Electronic and ionic approaches that modulate the ferroelectric barriers themselves and/or induce extra barriers in electrodes or at ferroelectric/electrode interfaces are discussed with the enhancement of memory performance. Emerging physics, such as nanoscale ferroelectricity, resonant tunneling, and interfacial metallization, and the applications of FTJs in nonvolatile data storage, neuromorphic synapse emulation, and electromagnetic multistate memory are summarized. Finally, challenges and perspectives of FTJ devices are underlined.
Cyclodextrin‐Derived Intrinsically Bioactive Nanoparticles for Treatment of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Guo Jiawei , Li Dandan , Tao Hui , Li Gang , Liu Renfeng , Dou Yin , Jin Taotao , Li Lanlan , Huang Jun , Hu Houyuan , Zhang Jianxiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInflammation is a common cause of many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. A major limitation of existing anti‐inflammatory therapeutics is that they cannot simultaneously regulate pro‐inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress, and recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. To overcome this limitation, nanoparticles (NPs) with multiple pharmacological activities are synthesized, using a chemically modified cyclic oligosaccharide. The manufacture of this type of bioactive, saccharide material‐based NPs (defined as LCD NP) is straightforward, cost‐effective, and scalable. Functionally, LCD NP effectively inhibits inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell migration for both neutrophils and macrophages, two major players of inflammation. Therapeutically, LCD NP shows desirable efficacies for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in mouse models of peritonitis, acute lung injury, and atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, the therapeutic benefits of LCD NP are achieved by inhibiting neutrophil‐mediated inflammatory macrophage recruitment and by preventing subsequent pro‐inflammatory events. In addition, LCD NP shows good safety profile in a mouse model. Thus, LCD NP can serve as an effective anti‐inflammatory nanotherapy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases mainly associated with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration.
Kirigami‐Inspired Textile Electronics: K.I.T.E.
Authors: Li Braden M. , Kim Inhwan , Zhou Ying , Mills Amanda C. , Flewwellin Tashana J. , Jur Jesse S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectronic textiles (e‐textiles) are in prime position to revolutionize the field of wearable electronics owing to their ubiquitous use and universal acceptance. However, mechanical incompatibility between the rigid conductive components on the soft textile platforms creates fragile e‐textile systems with poor electromechanical attributes. In this work, a novel design strategy to inkjet print reactive silver inks onto woven textiles with Kirigami‐inspired patterning to create e‐textiles with enhanced electromechanical features is introduced. By controlling the print processing and curing conditions, uniform conductive coatings with sheet resistances of 0.09 Ω sq−1 are achieved such that they do not interfere with the textiles innate flexibility, breathability, comfort, and fabric hand. The electromechanical coupling of the printed textiles shows a direct dependence on the anisotropic nature of the woven structures. Introducing Kirigami patterning creates robust devices that enhance and stabilize the electrical conductivity (ΔR/R0 < −20%) over large strain regimes (>150%). Furthermore, an electrocardiogram monitoring system fabricated from Kirigami e‐textiles exhibits stable signal acquisition under extreme deformations from arm joint flexion. The distinct properties of Kirigami patterning on e‐textiles enable unprecedented electromechanical performance in wearable textile electronics.
Excretable Lanthanide Nanoparticle for Biomedical Imaging and Surgical Navigation in the Second Near‐Infrared Window
Authors: Li Daifeng , He Shuqing , Wu Yifan , Liu Jianqiang , Liu Qiang , Chang Baisong , Zhang Qing , Xiang Zhanhong , Yuan Ying , Jian Chao , Yu Aixi , Cheng Zhen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecently, various second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorophores have been synthesized for in vivo imaging with nonradiation, high resolution, and low autofluorescence. However, most of the NIR‐II fluorophores, especially inorganic nanoprobes, are mainly retained in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) such as the liver and spleen, leading to long‐term safety concerns. Herein, a type of lanthanide‐based excretable NIR‐II nanoparticle, RENPs@Lips, which can be quickly cleared out of body after intravenous administration with half‐lives of 23.0 h for the liver and 14.9 h for the spleen, is reported. Interestingly, over 90% of RENPs@Lips can be excreted through a hepatobiliary system within 72 h postinjection. The moderate blood half‐time (T1/2 = 17.96 min) allows for multifunctional applications in delineating the hemodynamics of vascular disorders (artery thrombosis, ischemia, and tumor angiogenesis) and monitoring blood perfusion in response to acute ischemia. In addition, RENPs@Lips exhibit high performance in identifying orthotopic tumor vessels intraoperatively and embolization surgery under NIR‐II imaging navigation. Moreover, excellent signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) is successfully achieved to facilitate sentinel lymph nodes biopsy (SLNB) with tumor‐bearing mice. The high biocompatibility, favorable excretability, and outstanding optical properties warrant RENPs@Lips as novel promising NIR‐II nanoparticles for future applications and translation into an interdisciplinary amalgamation of research in diverse fields.
Heterostructure Engineering of a Reverse Water Gas Shift Photocatalyst
Authors: Wang Hong , Jia Jia , Wang Lu , Butler Keith , Song Rui , Casillas Gilberto , He Le , Kherani Nazir P. , Perovic Doug D. , Jing Liqiang , Walsh Aron , Dittmeyer Roland , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo achieve substantial reductions in CO2 emissions, catalysts for the photoreduction of CO2 into value‐added chemicals and fuels will most likely be at the heart of key renewable‐energy technologies. Despite tremendous efforts, developing highly active and selective CO2 reduction photocatalysts remains a great challenge. Herein, a metal oxide heterostructure engineering strategy that enables the gas‐phase, photocatalytic, heterogeneous hydrogenation of CO2 to CO with high performance metrics (i.e., the conversion rate of CO2 to CO reached as high as 1400 µmol g cat−1 h−1) is reported. The catalyst is comprised of indium oxide nanocrystals, In2O3−x(OH)y, nucleated and grown on the surface of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) nanorods. The heterostructure between In2O3−x(OH)y nanocrystals and the Nb2O5 nanorod support increases the concentration of oxygen vacancies and prolongs excited state (electron and hole) lifetimes. Together, these effects result in a dramatically improved photocatalytic performance compared to the isolated In2O3−x(OH)y material. The defect optimized heterostructure exhibits a 44‐fold higher conversion rate than pristine In2O3−x(OH)y. It also exhibits selective conversion of CO2 to CO as well as long‐term operational stability.
Additive Engineering for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Fei , Zhu Kai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached a certified 25.2% efficiency in 2019 due to their high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, long diffusion length, and tunable direct bandgap. However, due to the nature of solution processing and rapid crystal growth of perovskite thin films, a variety of defects can form as a result of the precursor compositions and processing conditions. The use of additives can affect perovskite crystallization and film formation, defect passivation in the bulk and/or at the surface, as well as influence the interface tuning of structure and energetics. Here, recent progress in additive engineering during perovskite film formation is discussed according to the following common categories: Lewis acid (e.g., metal cations, fullerene derivatives), Lewis base based on the donor type (e.g., O‐donor, S‐donor, and N‐donor), ammonium salts, low‐dimensional perovskites, and ionic liquid. Various additive‐assisted strategies for interface optimization are then summarized; additives include modifiers to improve electron‐ and hole‐transport layers as well as those to modify perovskite surface properties. Finally, an outlook is provided on research trends with respect to additive engineering in PSC development.
Vertical coordination mechanisms and farm performance amongst smallholder rice farmers in northern Ghana
Authors: Abdul‐Rahaman Awal , Abdulai Awudu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite the fact that contracting facilitates farmer participation in agrifood value chains, evidence on farmers’ participation in different forms of contracts and the impact on farm performance is still limited. This study examines the determinants and impacts of vertical coordination mechanism‐spot market transactions, written, and verbal contract‐on‐farm performance of rice farmers in northern Ghana, using a multinomial BFG model to account for selectivity bias. The findings indicate that vertical coordination participation decision is significantly influenced by age, access to credit, labor, association membership, and sales to institutional buyers. The empirical results also reveal significant gains in farm performance outcomes from participating in written and verbal contracts, relative to spot market transactions.
Association between second to fourth digit ratio and personality among Indian men
Authors: Bagepally Bhavani S. , Majumder Joydeep , Kotadiya Sanjay M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the relationship between the personality domains with the second to fourth digit ratio (2d:4d); a prenatal testosterone exposure marker.MethodsThe 2d:4d for both hands was measured for the Indian male subjects' (n = 994). Ten‐item personality inventory and displaced aggression questionnaire data were collected in a self‐reported proforma in this cross sectional study with a convenient sampling approach.ResultsThe personality traits, namely openness to new experiences, carelessness, and self‐discipline were significantly differed between lower‐half and higher‐half of 2d:4d by median split. The right hand 2d:4d was positively correlated with open to new experiences and negatively correlated with disorganization, carelessness, and revenge planning. The left hand 2d:4d was positively correlated with aggression. On binary logistic regression, openness was positively associated while carelessness was negatively associated with the right hand 2d:4d and self‐discipline trait was negatively associated with the left hand 2d:4d.ConclusionThis study affirmed the link between 2d:4d and domains of Big Five personality factors among Indian men and inverse relationship between 2d:4d and more “female” hands in the domains of disorganization, carelessness, and revenge planning even in men, emphasizing the effect of prenatal testosterone exposure on human personality.
Covalent‐Allosteric Inhibitors to Achieve Akt Isoform‐Selectivity
Authors: Quambusch Lena , Landel Ina , Depta Laura , Weisner Jörn , Uhlenbrock Niklas , Müller Matthias P. , Glanemann Franziska , Althoff Kristina , Siveke Jens T. , Rauh Daniel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIsoforms of protein kinase Akt are involved in essential processes including cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism. However, their individual roles in health and disease have not been thoroughly evaluated. Thus, there is an urgent need for perturbation studies, preferably mediated by highly selective bioactive small molecules. Herein, we present a structure‐guided approach for the design of structurally diverse and pharmacologically beneficial covalent‐allosteric modifiers, which enabled an investigation of the isoform‐specific preferences and the important residues within the allosteric site of the different isoforms. The biochemical, cellular, and structural evaluations revealed interactions responsible for the selective binding profiles. The isoform‐selective covalent‐allosteric Akt inhibitors that emerged from this approach showed a conclusive structure–activity relationship and broke ground in the development of selective probes to delineate the isoform‐specific functions of Akt kinases.
Modular Access to Eight‐Membered N‐Heterocycles by Directed Carbonylative C−C Bond Activation of Aminocyclopropanes
Authors: Boyd Olivia , Wang Gang‐Wei , Sokolova Olga O. , Calow Adam D. J. , Bertrand Sophie M. , Bower John F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAminocyclopropanes equipped with pendant nucleophiles undergo carbonylative heterocyclization triggered by C−C bond activation to generate eight‐membered N‐heterocycles. In these processes, intramolecular “capture” of a rhodacyclopentanone intermediate by an aryl or N‐based nucleophile is followed by C−C or C−N bond‐forming “collapse” to the targets. These studies demonstrate how the combination of cyclopropane strain release and the templating effect of catalytically generated metallacycles can be harnessed to enable otherwise challenging medium ring closures.
RAFT‐vermittelte polymerisationsinduzierte Selbstorganisation (PISA)
Authors: D'Agosto Franck , Rieger Jutta , Lansalot Muriel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNach einem kurzen historischen Überblick zur polymerisationsvermittelten Selbstorganisation (polymerization‐induced self assembly, PISA) im Bereich der Polymerchemie werden in diesem Aufsatz die Grundlagen des PISA‐Mechanismus erklärt. Darüber hinaus behandelt der Aufsatz einige Eigenschaften und Einschränkungen von RAFT‐vermittelten PISA‐Systemen im Hinblick auf die Auswahl der beteiligten Komponenten, die Art und Steuerung der synthetisierbaren Nanoobjekte und Morphologien sowie mögliche Anwendungen.
Improving the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(arylene ether nitrile) films through blending high‐ and low‐molecular‐weight polymers
Authors: Tong Lifen , Yang Guangyao , Lei Xiting , You Yong , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn present work, novel phthalonitrile end‐capping poly(arylene ether nitrile)‐phenyl (PEN‐Ph) films with excellent mechanical properties as well as high glass transition temperature were prepared through blending high‐molecular‐weight PEN‐Ph (HMW PEN‐Ph) and low‐molecular‐weight PEN‐Ph (LMW PEN‐Ph). Then, the thermal and mechanical properties of the samples with different mass ratio of HMW PEN‐Ph and LMW PEN‐Ph were studied, and the effect of heat‐treatment temperature on the performance of films was also investigated. The analysis results indicate that the crosslinking density as well as film formation can be controlled by adjusting the mass ratio of HMW PEN‐Ph to LMW PEN‐Ph. Besides, when the mass ratio of HMW PEN‐Ph to LMW PEN‐Ph is 5:2, the film treated at 340 °C possesses the best thermal and mechanical properties, with Tg of 218.9 °C and tensile strength of 104.8 MPa, increased by 10.9 °C and 16.6 MPa than pure HMW PEN‐Ph film, respectively. Thus, the presence of LMW PEN‐Ph makes the thermal and mechanical properties of the films improve dramatically, providing the possibility for the application in the electronics and high‐temperature resistant fields. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48457.
Effect of processing conditions on wood and glass fiber length attrition during twin screw composite compounding
Authors: Dickson Alan , Teuber Laura , Gaugler Marc , Sandquist David 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, we compare the effect of twin‐screw extrusion processing on the attrition of wood fibers (WFs) with glass fiber. The effects of process variables and screw design on fiber length were investigated by performing a range of dead‐stop experiments where the extruder was stopped, opened‐up, and compound removed from the screw elements. Fibers, chemically extracted from the polypropylene matrix, were analyzed for length and width using a commercial fiber analyzer. It was found that WF length attrition and composite properties were less affected by screw design and twin‐screw processing conditions (feed rate and screw speed) than glass fiber. Length weighted fiber length and X50 length (a measure used in particle size analysis) were equally correlated with process conditions and composite performance for both fiber types. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48551.
Removal of dyes by poly(p‐phenylene terephthamide)/polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber in‐situ blend membranes
Authors: Shi Wenying , Zeng Xianhua , Li Hongbin , Zhang Haixia , Qin Xiaohong , Zhou Rong 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn order to obtain the compatible poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) blend membranes, the casting solution was synthesized via the in situ polycondensation process and flat sheet blend membranes were successfully prepared through the immersion precipitation phase inversion method in our previous study. In this study, the polycondensation solution was directly used as the spinning dope to fabricate PPTA/PVDF hollow fiber in‐situ blend membrane by the dry‐wet spinning technique. Hollow fiber membranes were employed to remove the dyes including Congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) from the dyeing liquor. Effects of operation conditions on dye rejection and membrane water flux were investigated. With the increase of operation pressure, feed concentration and feed temperature, dye rejection rates gradually decreased, but the rejection value of CR and MB still remained above 99.5%. On the contrary, the permeation water flux basically increased. During the continuous dye filtration of 300 min, hollow fiber membrane can maintain high dye rejection rates and stable water flux. The combination method of physical backwashing and chemical cleaning can effectively alleviate membrane fouling and recover membrane water flux. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48569.