bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose-dependent reversal of KCC2 hypofunction and phenobarbital-resistant neonatal seizures by ANA12
Authors: Carter B. M. , Sullivan B. J. , Landers J. R. , Kadam S. D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNeonatal seizures have an incidence of 3.5 per 1000 newborns; while hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) accounts for 50–60% of cases, half are resistant to 1st-line anti-seizure drugs such as phenobarbital (PB). Tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation following ischemic injury is known to increase neuronal excitability by downregulation of K-Cl co-transporter 2 (KCC2); a neuronal chloride (Cl−) co-transporter. In this study, three graded doses of ANA12, a small-molecule selective TrkB antagonist, were tested in CD1 mice at P7 and P10 following induction of neonatal ischemia by a unilateral carotid ligation. The PB loading dose remained the same in all treatment groups at both ages. Evaluation criteria for the anti-seizure efficacy of ANA12 were: (1) quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) seizure burden and power, (2) rescue of post-ischemic KCC2 and pKCC2-S940 downregulation and (3) reversal of TrkB pathway activation following ischemia. ANA12 significantly rescued PB resistant seizures in a dose-dependent manner at P7 and improved PB efficacy at P10. Additionally, female pups responded better to lower doses of ANA12 compared to males. ANA12 significantly reversed post-ischemic KCC2 downregulation and TrkB pathway activation at P7 when PB alone was inefficacious. Rescuing KCC2 hypofunction may be critical for preventing emergence of refractory seizures.
Tonsillotomie verursacht weniger indirekte Kosten als Tonsillektomie
Authors: Dombrowski Tobias 
Published: August 2018

Gudnadottir G et al. Indirect costs related to caregivers‘ absence from work after paediatric tonsil surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 275: 2629–2636. doi:10.1007/s00405–0174526–7
Bei Kindern mit schlafbezogenen Atemwegsobstruktionen durch vergrößerte Rachenmandeln hat die Tonsillotomie die Tonsillektomie heute weitgehend ersetzt. Vorteil könnte neben geringerer Schmerzen und kürzerer Rekonvaleszenzzeit auch eine Reduktion indirekter Kosten durch kürzere Arbeitsausfallzeiten der Eltern oder Betreuer sein. Dies wurde im Rahmen einer schwedischen Kohortenstudie untersucht.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Identifies Perfusion Differences Between Tibial Fracture Unions and Non-Unions
Authors: Fischer Christian , Haug Tabea , Weber Marc-Andre , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Bruckner Thomas , Schmidmaier Gerhard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Purpose To assess the value of CEUS in the evaluation of tibial fracture perfusion and its ability to differentiate between physiologic and abnormal fracture healing.
Materials and Methods From 2014 to 2017, 107 patients with tibial fractures or tibial non-unions underwent CEUS examination. CEUS was performed at the regular follow-up examination 26 weeks after osteosynthesis or before non-union surgery. Time-intensity curves (TICs) of the contrast enhancement in the fracture gap were generated, and volume parameters such as wash-in rate (WiR), peak enhancement (PE) and wash-in perfusion index (WiPI) were quantified.
Results A total of 34 patients met the inclusion criteria of this study, including 14 consolidated fractures, 12 aseptic non-unions and 8 infected non-unions. WiR, PE and WiPI showed significantly lower values in aseptic non-unions compared to unions (p = 0.009, 0.009, 0.012, resp.). In contrast, infected non-unions showed higher values of WiR, PE and WiPI when compared to unions (p = 0.034, 0.056, 0.029, resp.).
Conclusion CEUS represents a feasible method in the assessment of tibial fracture perfusion. Perfusion differences between aseptic and infected tibial non-unions as well as healing tibial fractures could be detected. The deviation of physiologic fracture perfusion seems to be associated with disturbed osseous regeneration leading to non-union.
Thyroid Autoimmunity and Thyroid Cancer – The Pathogenic Connection: A 2018 Update
Authors: Nagayama Yuji 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe association between thyroid cancer and thyroid autoimmunity has long been suggested, but remains to be elucidated for several decades. Here the data on this issue are updated by summarizing relevant papers published between 2012 and early 2018. Although numerous papers demonstrated the significant increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity (positive intrathyroidal lymphocyte infiltration and/or anti-thyroglobulin/thyroid peroxidase antibodies) in patients with thyroid cancers as compared to those with benign nodules, and also the significant increase in the prevalence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in patients with thyroid autoimmunity as compared to those without, there are some crucial biases that should be taken into account for their interpretation. However, a difference in the incidence of thyroid autoimmunity in patients with PTCs and those with other types of thyroid cancers appears to support the significant association of two conditions. Thyroid autoimmunity is, at least partly, likely to be elicited against antigens shared by normal and cancerous thyroid tissues, thereby inducing autoimmunity. At the same time, elevated TSH levels (even within the normal reference ranges), which often accompany Hashimoto’s patients are a risk factor for thyroid cancer. However, it is still unclear whether or not the co-existence of thyroid autoimmunity impacts on cancer characteristics and prognosis. This issue needs to be further investigated with large-scale prospective studies.
Effect of Testosterone Synthesis and Conversion on Serum Testosterone Levels in Obese Men
Authors: Xu Xiaolin , Wang Lei , Luo Dandan , Zhang Meijie , Chen Shuhong , Wang Yupeng , Zheng Dongmei , Feng Li , Gao Ling , Yu Chunxiao , Guan Qingbo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObesity is associated with decreased testosterone levels in males. Testosterone is synthesized by testosterone synthetic enzymes, which are stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH). Testosterone can also be converted to estradiol via the aromatase. The objective of this study was to examine the factors related to testosterone synthesis and conversion, and to systematically evaluate the key processes that influence testosterone levels in male obesity. Three hundred and two male subjects (aged 25–45 years old) were divided according to BMI into normal weight (18.5–23.9 kg/m2), overweight (24–27.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥28 kg/m2) groups; or divided following WHR into non-abdominal obesity and abdominal obesity groups (WHR: ≥0.9). Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity group. Serum sex hormones and aromatase levels were measured using ELISAs. Testosterone synthetic enzymes in the testes were measured by qRT-PCR. The testosterone levels in obese men and abdominal obesity men were lower than normal men. In abdominal obesity men serum LH levels were decreased and associated with testosterone levels after multivariate regression analysis. Serum aromatase levels were increased in abdominal obesity males. In mice, compared to the ND group, the HFD group had decreased steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). However, aromatase levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue were higher in the ND group than HFD group. In conclusion, according to this study decreased testicular synthesis function and the conversion of testosterone may explain the reduction in testosterone levels in male obesity, and the decrease of testicular synthesis may change first.
Evolution of Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration Techniques
Authors: Molvar Christopher , Patel Mihir 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGastric variceal hemorrhage is a life-threatening complication of portal hypertension with a poorer prognosis compared with esophageal variceal hemorrhage. The presence of an infradiaphragmatic portosystemic shunt, often a gastrorenal shunt, allows for treatment with retrograde transvenous obliteration (RTO). RTO is an evolving treatment strategy, which includes balloon-assisted RTO, plug-assisted RTO, and coil-assisted RTO, for both gastric variceal hemorrhage and hepatic encephalopathy. RTO techniques are less invasive than transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation, with the benefit of improved hepatic function, but at the expense of increased portal pressure. This article discusses the techniques of RTO, including patient eligibility, as well as technical and clinical outcomes, including adverse events.
Is Cord Blood Bilirubin Level a Reliable Predictor for Developing Significant Hyperbilirubinemia?
Authors: Dogan Caner , Okmen Zeynep , Gulec Seda , Aktas Selma 
Published: August 2018

Objective We aimed to investigate whether cord blood bilirubin (CBB) level could be used to identify the newborns at a high risk of developing hyperbilirubinemia.
Study Design Total and direct serum bilirubin level were evaluated from umbilical cord blood of newborns. We checked blood groups and Rh status of all mothers and determined blood groups and direct Coombs test (DC) of newborns born to mothers whose blood group was O type or Rh negative to determine the maternal–fetal blood group or Rh incompatibility.
Results A total of 418 newborns were included, and phototherapy (PT) was required in 17 newborns. The cutoff value of CBB for predicting the occurrence of significant hyperbilirubinemia requiring PT was 1.67 mg/dL, with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 99%. The mean CBB level in babies receiving PT was 2.4 ± 0.9 mg/dL. When blood group, CBB level, DC, gender, and mode of delivery were assigned as possible risk factors, multıvariate analysis showed ABO, Rh incompatibility, and CBB level increased the risk of PT requirement.
Conclusion CBB could be useful to determine newborns at a risk of developing hyperbilirubinemia and prevent developing severe complications due to delay in diagnosis.
Association of Fetal Fraction of Cell-Free DNA and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Koelper Nathanael , Sammel Mary , Dugoff Lorraine , Bender Whitney 
Published: August 2018

Objective The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between fetal fraction and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of women with singleton pregnancies who had cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening at 10 to 20 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was the development of gestational hypertension (gHTN), preeclampsia (PEC), and PEC with severe features. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between fetal fraction and pregnancy outcomes of interest while controlling for potential confounders.
Results Among 2,701 women meeting inclusion criteria, 387 (14.3%) were diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. First-trimester fetal fraction was significantly lower in women diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (10.9 vs. 12.4, p < 0.0001). An increased risk of gHTN and PEC, PEC with severe features with delivery > 34 weeks, and PEC with severe features with delivery ≤ 34 weeks was seen with lower first-trimester fetal fractions (odds ratio [OR]: 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.36–0.83], p = 0.005; OR: 0.59, 95% CI [0.35–0.99], p = 0.048; and OR: 0.27, 95% CI [0.08–0.96], p = 0.044). The relationship between fetal fraction and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was not statistically significant after adjusting for maternal age, race, body mass index, and chronic hypertension.
Conclusion Fetal fraction of cfDNA at 10 to 20 weeks of gestation was not associated with the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
The Association between Depressive State and Maternal Cognitive Function in Postpartum Women
Authors: Sheiner Eyal , Wainstock Tamar , Attias Monic , Walfisch Asnat , Mazor Elad 
Published: August 2018

Objective Maternal amnesia is a transitional cognitive impairment occurring during pregnancy and the postpartum period. We evaluated the prevalence and extent of this suggested cognitive decline and the role of postpartum depression.
Study Design A cross-sectional study was performed in women during the immediate postpartum period. Eligible women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Cognitive function was assessed using an objective neurocognitive test (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT90, and SDMT4) and a subjective self-estimation questionnaire (Attention Function Index [AFI]).
Results A total of 120 women completed the study questionnaires; 33.3% (40 women) exhibited signs of postpartum depression (EPDS ≥10). The subjective AFI test results correlated with the objective SDMT90 test results (r
2 = 0.2, p = 0.039). Depressed mothers scored significantly lower in the subjective AFI test (67.69 ± 12.01 in the study vs. 79.05 ± 14.3 in the comparison group; p < 0.001) and nearly significantly lower in the objective SDMT test (p = 0.057). In the multi-variable model, maternal depression was independently associated with the subjective AFI score (β  = −13.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −19.1 to −8.2, p < 0.001) but not with the objective SDMT score (β = −3.48; 95% CI −8.3 to 1.3, p = 0.15), while controlling for maternal age, gestational age, and ethnicity.
Conclusion Postpartum depression is common and appears to predominantly affect maternal self-assessment of cognitive ability, rather than a true cognitive impairment.
Risk Factors Linked to Central Catheter-Associated Thrombosis in Critically Ill Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lambert Isabella , Tarima Sergey , Uhing Michael , Cohen Susan 
Published: August 2018

Objective Our study identified risk factors for the development of clinically identifiable catheter-associated thrombosis (CT).
Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of neonates in whom a central catheter was present. A total of 1,475 catheters were identified in 766 patients during a 36-month study period. The odds ratio (OR) of thrombi formation in catheterized neonates was modeled using simple (single predictor) and multiple (multiple predictors) logistic regressions as well as simple and multiple Cox's proportional hazard models.
Result The incidence of CT was 1.17 per 100 neonates. Unadjusted factors including age at insertion, history of surgery before or during line placement, cholestasis, femoral location, and line size significantly increased the OR or hazards ratio (HR) of developing thrombi formation. In multiple logistic and Cox's regression analyses, three factors continued to be significantly associated with OR or HR of thrombi formation: line size, femoral location, and cholestasis.
Conclusion We conclude that clinically identifiable CT is rare in the neonatal population. Furthermore, catheter-specific characteristics are predictive for CT and require further investigation.
Side Effects of Phototherapy on Neonates
Authors: Procianoy Renato , Silveira Rita , Faulhaber Fabrízia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhototherapy in neonates for treatment of pathological jaundice is an effective therapeutic tool that is widely used in neonatal units. Over the past years, a greater concern has emerged about the effects on the immune and inflammatory system and its potential genotoxic and side effects, especially the late ones, possibly associated with childhood diseases, showing that this treatment is not as harmless as previously believed. Numerous studies assessing these possible adverse effects of phototherapy on neonates have been published over the past years. Through this review, we seek to analyze what we know about the side effects of phototherapy in the neonatal period. The main causes of jaundice, phototherapy techniques, acute and late side effects, and effects on the immune and inflammatory system were reviewed. It was concluded that phototherapy is not a treatment free of side effects and further studies need to be conducted to elucidate its harmful effects on neonates.
Implementation of Updated Hearing Screen Guidelines in a Level IV NICU—A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Patel Jasminkumar , Park Nesha , Manimtim Winston , George Lovya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHearing loss is the most common congenital birth defect. In 2007, American Academy of Pediatrics updated the hearing screen guidelines to recommend hearing screen by 1 month of age, diagnostic evaluation by 3 months, and early interventions by 6 months. Early interventions have been shown to improve developmental outcome in children with hearing loss. Infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are at higher risk for hearing loss. For infants born before 34 weeks' gestation, there are no guidelines for initial hearing screen. Although auditory brain stem response can be reliably performed at 32 to 34 weeks, in most NICUs, they are screened prior to discharge per universal hearing screen guidelines. In high-risk infants, often with prolonged hospitalization, this leads to missed opportunity for early detection and implementation of early intervention services. Using quality improvement methodology, an updated hearing screen algorithm was developed and implemented in our level IV NICU along with an electronic medical record tool to improve the process of identifying infants meeting criteria for hearing screen.
Individual liberty and the importance of the concept of the people
Authors: Queiroz Regina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThrough publically agreed laws that correspond to a common set of public restrictions, the ‘people as a sovereign body’ serves to protect against violations of individual liberty and despotic power. Where no such common body exists, individuals are deprived of this protection. In such cases, individuals must obey without liberty, while those in power command under a state of license. Neoliberal theorists maintain that any common personality, with its corresponding set of public and arbitrary positive and negative restrictions on liberty, undermines individual liberty. Neoliberal theory only allows for private restrictions on liberty. Against these neoliberal assumptions, we argue that rejecting public restrictions on liberty does not promote individual liberty. To the contrary, it creates conditions in which free individuals become servile and political inequality becomes entrenched, where citizens are divided into those who obey and those who command. Tracing the consequences of neoliberalism, we argue that unless we take seriously both the people as a political category and the right to equal and reciprocal coercion, individual liberty will be at risk. The article argues that neoliberalism ultimately leads to the total exclusion of certain citizensunder the veil of full liberty. With the vanishing of the people’s will comesthe utter disappearance of certain citizens, who live in a spontaneous society as if they were stateless or lawless persons. To better understand the connections between the rejection of the concept of the people, private restrictions on liberty and the fostering of the servile citizen, this paper considers the political philosophy of Hayek and Nozick. It also considers key ideas from Locke and Kant—theorists who, despite the differences between their philosophical perspectives, and despite the fact that they both provided crucial inspiration for Hayek’s political economy and Nozick’s libertarianism, stressed the protective role of the people with regard to individual liberty.
Solving high-dimensional partial differential equations using deep learning
Authors: Han Jiequn , Jentzen Arnulf , E Weinan 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Partial differential equations (PDEs) are among the most ubiquitous tools used in modeling problems in nature. However, solving high-dimensional PDEs has been notoriously difficult due to the “curse of dimensionality.” This paper introduces a practical algorithm for solving nonlinear PDEs in very high (hundreds and potentially thousands of) dimensions. Numerical results suggest that the proposed algorithm is quite effective for a wide variety of problems, in terms of both accuracy and speed. We believe that this opens up a host of possibilities in economics, finance, operational research, and physics, by considering all participating agents, assets, resources, or particles together at the same time, instead of making ad hoc assumptions on their interrelationships.
Patient–physician gender concordance and increased mortality among female heart attack patients
Authors: Greenwood Brad N. , Carnahan Seth , Huang Laura 
Published: August 2018

Significance
A large body of medical research suggests that women are less likely than men to survive traumatic health episodes like acute myocardial infarctions. In this work, we posit that these difficulties may be partially explained, or exacerbated, by the gender match between the patient and the physician. Findings suggest that gender concordance increases a patient’s probability of survival and that the effect is driven by increased mortality when male physicians treat female patients. Empirical extensions indicate that mortality rates decrease when male physicians practice with more female colleagues or have treated more female patients in the past.
Isolating the roles of movement and reproduction on effective connectivity alters conservation priorities for an endangered bird
Authors: Robertson Ellen P. , Fletcher Robert J. , Cattau Christopher E. , Udell Bradley J. , Reichert Brian E. , Austin James D. , Valle Denis 
Published: August 2018

SignificanceAnimal movement has captured the interest of biologists over the past century. Although animal movement is increasingly well understood, it is unclear how postmovement reproduction varies across landscapes despite its important role in many ecological and evolutionary processes. We address this problem by isolating the roles of movement and postmovement reproduction for connecting local populations using 9 years of data on an endangered bird across its entire geographic range. Our findings highlight the important role that postmovement reproduction can play for connecting animal populations across landscapes.
Natural and managed watersheds show similar responses to recent climate change
Authors: Ficklin Darren L. , Abatzoglou John T. , Robeson Scott M. , Null Sarah E. , Knouft Jason H. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Climate change is expected to alter streamflow volume and variability in watersheds throughout the world, which will have impacts on agricultural, aquatic, and urban environments. Human modifications such as the building of reservoirs and the extraction of water for agricultural and urban uses, however, are thought to mask climate-induced changes in streamflow. Using observed streamflow data from over 3,000 sites from 1981 to 2015, this work identifies negative trends in streamflow throughout the southern and western portions of the United States and positive trends across the eastern portion of the United States and Canada. Within these regions, streamflow trends from human-modified sites are similar to unimpacted sites, indicating that the signal of climate change is apparent in all streamflow systems.
Five-S-isotope evidence of two distinct mass-independent sulfur isotope effects and implications for the modern and Archean atmospheres
Authors: Lin Mang , Zhang Xiaolin , Li Menghan , Xu Yilun , Zhang Zhisheng , Tao Jun , Su Binbin , Liu Lanzhong , Shen Yanan , Thiemens Mark H. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Anomalous sulfur isotopic compositions preserved in sedimentary rocks older than ∼2.5 billion years have been widely interpreted as the products of UV photolysis of sulfur dioxide in an anoxic atmosphere and used to track the history of primitive Earth and evolution of early life. In this study, we present strong observational evidence that there is an additional process that produces similar anomalous sulfur isotope signatures. This previously unknown origin not only offers a tool for quantifying the present-day atmospheric sulfur budget and evaluating its influences on climate and public health but also implies that anomalous sulfur isotopic compositions in some of the oldest rocks on Earth might have been produced in a way different from that previously thought.