bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is mild asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction always predictive of adverse events in high‐risk populations? Insights from the DAVID‐Berg study
Authors: Gori Mauro , Redfield Margaret M. , Calabrese Alice , Canova Paolo , Cioffi Giovanni , De Maria Renata , Grosu Aurelia , Fontana Alessandra , Iacovoni Attilio , Ferrari Paola , Parati Gianfranco , Gavazzi Antonello , Senni Michele 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundMild asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ALVSD) may be associated with incident heart failure (HF). However, this gray zone group needs incremental risk refinement. We hypothesized that diastolic dysfunction (DD) may refine HF and death risk prediction in mild ALVSD.Methods and resultsAmong 4047 subjects aged ≥55/≤80 years followed by 10 general practitioners in northern Italy, the DAVID‐Berg study prospectively enrolled 623 asymptomatic outpatients at increased risk for HF. Baseline evaluation included clinical visit, N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide, and echocardiogram. Based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and DD, subjects were classified as: control group (normal LVEF, n = 459, 76%), mild ALVSD (LVEF ≥40%/<53%) without DD (n = 89, 15%) and with DD (n = 54, 9%). Subjects with LVEF <40% or without full echocardiographic data were excluded from the analysis (n = 21). Mean age of the population was 69 ±7 years, 56% were men, mostly hypertensive, mean LVEF was 61%. During a median follow‐up of 5.7 years, 88 subjects (15%) experienced HF/death events (59 HF events and 29 deaths). Compared to the control group, mild ALVSD was associated with a higher risk of incident HF/death (hazard ratio 1.80, 95% confidence interval 1.10–2.93, adjusted P = 0.019) according to the Cox proportional hazards model. However, this higher risk was present only in subjects with combined DD (P = 0.005) and not in those without it (P = 0.30). Results were consistent even considering the individual components of the primary outcome.ConclusionIn a high‐risk population, an echocardiographic exam is normally performed to assess systolic dysfunction. Our data underline the importance of also relying on DD to risk stratify mild ALVSD. Mild ALVSD might be a predictor of adverse events mainly in subjects with combined DD, though further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Four years of the FIGO postpartum intrauterine device initiative in Sri Lanka: Pilot initiative to national policy
Authors: Weerasekera Deepal S. , Senanayeke Lakshmen , Ratnasiri Pushpananda U. , Perera Gamini Y. , Lanerolle Sanath , Godakandage Sanjeeva S. , de Silva Ranjith , Fernando Lakshan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the difficulties and challenges arising from introduction of postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) services into the Sri Lankan health system.MethodsPhase I of a FIGO PPIUD initiative was implemented in 2013 in six hospitals; phase II began in 12 hospitals in 2015. During this period, 915 Medical Officers were trained in PPIUD insertion and 5370 personnel were trained in PPIUD counseling. Women were followed up at 4–6 weeks after insertion.ResultsA total of 184 433 women (62.4% of hospital deliveries) were interviewed about PPIUD as a method of contraception. Of those interviewed, 116 159 (63.0%) received counseling on PPIUD and 11 339 (6.1%) consented to PPIUD insertion. Of consenting women, 9346 (82.4%) had a PPIUD inserted. There were no significant complications reported at insertion. Expulsion rates were 2.9% and removal rates were 4.1%.ConclusionPPIUD as a method of contraception was successfully introduced into the 18 participating hospitals. Given the success of this pilot intervention and the safety profile demonstrated, PPIUD was added to the national family planning program in 2017.
The impact of using nurses to perform postpartum intrauterine device insertions in Kalyani Hospital, India
Authors: Bhadra Banasree , Burman Sougata K. , Purandare Chittaranjan N. , Divakar Hema , Sequeira Thelma , Bhardwaj Ajey 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the postpartum period women are vulnerable to unintended pregnancy, which may lead to legal or illegal abortion and impact on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although several postpartum family planning options are available, lack of access to and availability of family planning services and trained staff pose serious challenges. Peripheral centers may not have a doctor; however, they will have nursing staff that can be trained to offer family planning counselling and services. The present study demonstrates how task sharing with nurses to provide postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) services worked to give women a convenient and safe contraceptive method. PPIUD insertion provides women the additional advantage of leaving hospital with appropriate long‐term contraception after institutional delivery, and also decreases the costs borne by patients and the government. This approach also impacts maternal and newborn health by avoiding unwanted pregnancy.
Adolescent pregnancy at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation: a critical barrier to retention on ART
Authors: Nuwagaba‐Biribonwoha Harriet , Kiragga Agnes N , Yiannoutsos Constantin T , Musick Beverly S , Wools‐Kaloustian Kara K , Ayaya Samuel , Wolf Hilary , Lugina Emmanuel , Ssali John , Abrams Elaine J , Elul Batya ,   the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) East Africa Collaboration
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionAdolescence and pregnancy are potential risk factors for loss to follow‐up (LTFU) while on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We compared adolescent and adult LTFU after ART initiation to quantify the impact of age, pregnancy, and site‐level factors on LTFU.MethodsWe used routine clinical data for patients initiating ART as young adolescents (YA; 10 to 14 years), older adolescents (OA; 15 to 19 years) and adults (≥20 years) from 2000 to 2014 at 52 health facilities affiliated with the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) East Africa collaboration. We estimated cumulative incidence (95% confidence interval, CI) of LTFU (no clinic visit for ≥6 months after ART initiation) and identified patient and site‐level correlates of LTFU, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for all patients as well as individual age groups.ResultsA total of 138,387 patients initiated ART, including 2496 YA, 2955 OA and 132,936 adults. Of these, 55%, 78% and 66%, respectively, were female and 0.7% of YA, 22.3% of OA and 8.3% of adults were pregnant at ART initiation. Cumulative incidence of LTFU at five years was 26.6% (24.6 to 28.6) among YA, 44.1% (41.8 to 46.3) among OA and 29.3% (29.1 to 29.6) among adults. Overall, compared to adults, the adjusted hazard ratio, aHR, (95% CI) of LTFU for OA was 1.54 (1.41 to 1.68) and 0.77 (0.69 to 0.86) for YA. Compared to males, pregnant females had higher hazard of LTFU, aHR 1.20 (1.14 to 1.27), and nonpregnant women had lower hazard aHR 0.90 (0.88 to 0.93). LTFU hazard among the OA was primarily driven by both pregnant and nonpregnant females, aHR 2.42 (1.98 to 2.95) and 1.51 (1.27 to 1.80), respectively, compared to men. The LTFU hazard ratio varied by IeDEA program. Site‐level factors associated with overall lower LTFU hazard included receiving care in tertiary versus primary‐care clinics aHR 0.61 (0.56 to 0.67), integrated adult and adolescent services and food ration provision aHR 0.93 (0.89 to 0.97) versus nonintegrated clinics with food ration provision, having patient support groups aHR 0.77 (0.66 to 0.90) and group adherence counselling aHR 0.61 (0.57 to 0.67).ConclusionsOlder adolescents experienced higher risk of LTFU compared to YA and adults. Interventions to prevent LTFU among older adolescents are critically needed, particularly for female and/or pregnant adolescents.
Disentangling horizontal pay dispersion: Experimental evidence
Authors: Conroy Samantha A. , Gupta Nina 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAlthough horizontal pay dispersion has been explored extensively using cross‐sectional field methods, it has received little attention using the control available through experimental designs. Many of the questions relevant to pay dispersion research can be addressed by taking an individual‐level experimental approach because this allows for clean separation of pay policies and individual effects. In this paper, we hypothesize both the motivation‐based and affect‐based effects of pay dispersion policies and test our hypotheses with a sample of over 400 participants in a real‐pay, real‐effort experiment. Results of the experiment provide support that two pay dispersion‐related pay policies, performance‐based pay dispersion and allocation criteria, have unique effects. Whereas motivation and performance effects are direct, pay satisfaction and interest in continuing work effects are the result of interactions, incorporating the performance level of workers. In follow‐up analyses, we find evidence that the temporal nature of responses to pay dispersion should be incorporated into future studies of pay dispersion.
NaCl stress on physio‐biochemical metabolism and antioxidant capacity in germinated hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Ma Yan , Wang Pei , Chen Zhijie , Gu Zhenxin , Yang Runqiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDHulless barley generally grows in barren fields, where soil salinization is serious. However, only a few studies have been carried out investigating germinated hulless barley under salt stress. In the present study, the effect of NaCl stress on the physio‐biochemical metabolism and antioxidant capacity of germinated hulless barley was investigated.RESULTSNaCl stress inhibited seedling growth and caused oxidative damage, although it enhanced the accumulation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The highest contents of total phenolic and main phenolic acids (vanillic acid, p‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid) were found with 60 mmol L−1 NaCl treatment, whereas 120 mmol L−1 NaCl inhibited the synthesis of phenolic components. Gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4‐hydroxylase (C4H), 4‐coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL), p‐coumaric acid 3‐hdroxylase (C3H) and caffeic acid/5‐hydroxyferulic acid O‐methyltransferase (COMT), which participated in the synthesis of phenolic compounds, was up‐regulated by NaCl stress, as were the enzyme activities of PAL, C4H and 4CL. NaCl treatment also enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of germinated hulless barley.CONCLUSIONNaCl stress inhibited seedlings growth and caused oxidative damage. Simultaneously, the antioxidant system of germinated hulless barley was enhanced. The results of the present study provide a theoretical basis with respect to the growth of hulless barley under salt stress. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A Nationwide Survey of Parkinson's Disease Medicines Availability and Affordability in Nigeria
Authors: Okubadejo Njideka U. , Ojo Oluwadamilola O. , Wahab Kolawole W. , Abubakar Sani A. , Obiabo Olugbo Y. , Salawu Fatai K. , Nwazor Ernest O. , Agabi Osigwe P. , Oshinaike Olajumoke O. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLimited access to medicines can impact negatively on outcomes in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The study objectives were to determine the availability and assess the affordability of antiparkinsonian medications in pharmacies across Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional nationwide study utilizing the World Health Organization/Health Action Initiative methodology. Strategically selected private‐ and public‐sector pharmacies in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria were surveyed for availability of medicines for management of early and advanced PD. The nine categories were: levodopa/peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors, dopamine receptor agonists, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, anticholinergics, catechol‐o‐methyl transferase inhibitors, atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, antidementia drugs, and miscellaneous (e.g., drugs for orthostatism, urinary incontinence, and sleep disturbance). Unaffordability was defined as paying more than 1 days' wages (>N600 or > US$1.67) for a standard 30‐day supply.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐three pharmacies were surveyed (62 private [50.4%] and 61 public sector [49.6%]; range of 15–25 pharmacies in each geopolitical zone). Private exceeded public‐sector availability across all nine categories of PD medicines (P < 0.05). The most available medicines were dopamine receptor agonists (68.3%; predominantly ergot‐derived bromocriptine), anticholinergics (56.1%; mainly trihexyphenidyl), and l‐dopa formulations (48%; mainly 250/25 l‐dopa/carbidopa). Only two medications (trihexyphenidyl tablets and biperiden injection) were affordable. The average number of day's minimum wages for a 30‐day supply of PD medicines was 41.3 days (range, 1–371).ConclusionsPD medicines access is limited in Nigeria. Strategies, including engagement of stakeholders to consider interventions to improve and prioritize PD medicines access, are urgently warranted.
Frequency of mood and anxiety fluctuations in Parkinson's disease patients with motor fluctuations: A systematic review
Authors: van der Velden Rachel M. J. , Broen Martijn P. G. , Kuijf Mark L. , Leentjens Albert F. G. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTAfter 5 years of treatment with levodopa, approximately 40% to 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) develop motor complications such as dyskinesias or motor fluctuations. These are often accompanied by nonmotor fluctuations, such as fluctuations in mood symptoms. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the frequency of such mood fluctuations in PD patients with motor fluctuations and to explore the association between these mood fluctuations and motor fluctuations. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library. This search yielded 10 studies, of which 9 were included after quality assessment. The frequency of anxiety fluctuations in PD patients with motor fluctuations ranged from 3.1% to 67.7% with a weighted mean of 35.4%. The frequency of fluctuations in depressive symptoms ranged from 2.1% to 71.4%, with a weighted mean of 34.9%. The frequency of fluctuations in symptoms of panic ranged from 3.1% to 54.5%, with a weighted mean of 37.1%. Symptoms of anxiety and depression are mostly present in the “off” state. We conclude that mood fluctuations occur frequently in PD patients with motor fluctuations. The methodology used to assess mood fluctuation varies widely and there is a lack of a generally accepted assessment procedure for fluctuating symptoms. Research would benefit from a more uniform approach to assessment of nonmotor fluctuations. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Effects of Self‐Conditioning Techniques (Self‐Hypnosis) in Promoting Weight Loss in Patients with Severe Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bo Simona , Rahimi Farnaz , Goitre Ilaria , Properzi Bice , Ponzo Valentina , Regaldo Giuseppe , Boschetti Stefano , Fadda Maurizio , Ciccone Giovannino , Abbate Daga Giovanni , Mengozzi Giulio , Evangelista Andrea , De Francesco Antonella , Belcastro Sara , Broglio Fabio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe usefulness of the rapid‐induction techniques of hypnosis as an adjunctive weight‐loss treatment has not been defined. This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether self‐conditioning techniques (self‐hypnosis) added to lifestyle interventions contributed to weight loss (primary outcome), changes in metabolic and inflammatory variables, and quality of life (QoL) improvement (secondary outcomes) in severe obesity.MethodsIndividuals (with BMI = 35‐50 kg/m2) without organic or psychiatric comorbidity were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 60) or control arm (n = 60). All received exercise and behavioral recommendations and individualized diets. The intervention consisted of three hypnosis sessions, during which self‐hypnosis was taught to increase self‐control before eating. Diet, exercise, satiety, QoL, anthropometric measurements, and blood variables were collected and measured at enrollment and at 1 year (trial end).ResultsA similar weight loss was observed in the intervention (−6.5 kg) and control (−5.6 kg) arms (β = −0.45; 95% CI: −3.78 to 2.88; P = 0.79). However, habitual hypnosis users lost more weight (−9.6 kg; β = −10.2; 95% CI: −14.2 to −6.18; P < 0.001) and greatly reduced their caloric intake (−682.5 kcal; β = −643.6; 95% CI: −1064.0 to −223.2; P = 0.005) in linear regression models. At trial end, the intervention arm showed lower C‐reactive protein values (β = −2.55; 95% CI: −3.80 to −1.31; P < 0.001), higher satiety (β = 19.2; 95% CI: 7.71‐30.6; P = 0.001), and better QoL (β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02‐0.16; P = 0.01).ConclusionsSelf‐hypnosis was not associated with differences in weight change but was associated with improved satiety, QoL, and inflammation. Indeed, habitual hypnosis users showed a greater weight loss.
Associations of Maternal Diabetes During Pregnancy with Overweight in Offspring: Results from the Prospective TEDDY Study
Authors: Pitchika Anitha , Vehik Kendra , Hummel Sandra , Norris Jill M. , Uusitalo Ulla M. , Yang Jimin , Virtanen Suvi M. , Koletzko Sibylle , Andrén Aronsson Carin , Ziegler Anette‐G. , Beyerlein Andreas ,   the TEDDY study group
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between different forms of, and potential pathways between, maternal diabetes and childhood obesity at different ages.Methods: Prospective cohort data from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, which was composed of 5,324 children examined from 0.25 to 6 years of age, were analyzed. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses taking into account potential confounders and effect modifiers such as maternal prepregnancy BMI and birth weight z scores were performed.Results: Offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) showed a higher BMI standard deviation score and increased risk for overweight and obesity at 5.5 years of age than offspring of mothers without diabetes. While these associations could be substantially explained by maternal prepregnancy BMI in offspring of mothers with GDM, significant associations disappeared after adjustment for birth weight z scores in offspring of T1DM mothers. Furthermore, overweight risk became stronger with increasing age in offspring of mothers with diabetes compared with offspring of mothers without diabetes.Conclusions: Maternal diabetes is associated with increased risk of offspring overweight, and the association appears to get stronger as children grow older. Indeed, intrauterine exposure to maternal T1DM may predispose children to later obesity through increased birth weight, while maternal BMI is more important in children exposed to GDM.
The Mediating Role of Sleep Quality and Quantity in the Link Between Food Insecurity and Obesity Across Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Narcisse Marie‐Rachelle , Long Christopher R. , Felix Holly , Rowland Brett , Bursac Zoran , McElfish Pearl A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine the mediating role of sleep quality and quantity in the relationship between food insecurity and obesity across races/ethnicities.MethodsBivariate negative binomial regression and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine direct associations between food insecurity and sleep quality and quantity among non‐Hispanic Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (NHPI) relative to non‐Hispanic White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic individuals with obesity. The potential outcomes approach and adjusted Wald test were used to explore the mediating role of sleep quality and quantity and the moderating role of race/ethnicity, respectively.ResultsAmong adults with obesity, the study found a positive and direct relationship between food insecurity and trouble falling asleep in each racial/ethnic group. Trouble staying asleep was associated with food insecurity in each racial/ethnic group, except in the Asian group. Positive and direct associations were observed between food insecurity and short/very short sleep. A positive and direct relationship was found between food insecurity and having obesity in each racial/ethnic group, except in the Black group. Sleep quality and sleep quantity partially mediated the relationship between food insecurity and obesity in non‐Hispanic NHPI, White, Asian, and Hispanic individuals. Race/ethnicity moderated the indirect effects of food insecurity on sleep quality and quantity.ConclusionsFood security and sleep hygiene should be an integral part of the fight against obesity.
Features and Trajectories of Eating Behavior in Weight‐Loss Maintenance: Results from the German Weight Control Registry
Authors: Neumann Maria , Holzapfel Christina , Müller Astrid , Hilbert Anja , Crosby Ross D. , de Zwaan Martina 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveEating behaviors such as dietary restraint and disinhibition caused by emotional and external cues play a relevant role in weight‐loss maintenance.MethodsFour hundred forty individuals with successful weight‐loss maintenance included in the prospective German Weight Control Registry completed the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Participants were categorized into the following two weight groups: stable weight trajectory (WS) (n = 280) and unstable weight trajectory (WUS) (n = 160) over the 2‐year assessment period.ResultsThose with successful weight‐loss maintenance had significantly higher scores on the restrained and emotional eating subscales compared with a general population (GP) sample. At baseline, the WS individuals had lower restrained, emotional, and external eating scores compared with the WUS individuals. Over the 2‐year follow‐up period, the trajectories of the restraint scores decreased in both groups but stayed elevated compared with the GP sample. Scores of the emotional and external eating subscales remained stable in the WS group but increased in the WUS group.ConclusionsA certain degree of restraint seems to be necessary for successful weight‐loss maintenance; however, high emotional and external eating may counteract this effect, resulting in weight regain in the long run.