bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative feedback by SNAI2 regulates TGFβ1‐induced amelotin gene transcription in epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Nakayama Yohei , Tsuruya Yuto , Noda Keisuke , Yamazaki‐Takai Mizuho , Iwai Yasunobu , Ganss Bernhard , Ogata Yorimasa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractJunctional epithelium (JE) demonstrates biological responses with the rapid turnover of gingival epithelial cells. The state occurs in inflammation of gingiva and wound healing after periodontal therapy. To understand the underlying mechanisms and to maintain homeostasis of JE, it is important to investigate roles of JE‐specific genes. Amelotin (AMTN) is localized at JE and regulated by inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic factors that represent a critical role of AMTN in stabilizing the dentogingival attachment, which is an entrance of oral bacteria. In this study, we demonstrated that the AMTN gene expression was regulated by SNAI2 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs in wound healing and fibrosis during chronic inflammation. SNAI2 downregulated AMTN gene expression via SNAI2 bindings to E‐boxes (E2 and E4) in the mouse AMTN gene promoter in EMT of gingival epithelial cells. Meanwhile, TGFβ1‐induced AMTN gene expression was attenuated by SNAI2 and TGFβ1‐induced SNAI2, without inhibition of the TGFβ1‐Smad3 signaling pathway. Moreover, SNAI2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) rescued SNAI2‐induced downregulation of AMTN gene expression, and TGFβ1‐induced AMTN gene expression was potentiated by SNAI2 siRNA. Taken together, these data demonstrated that AMTN gene expression in the promotion of EMT was downregulated by SNAI2. The inhibitory effect of AMTN gene expression was an independent feedback on the TGFβ1‐Smad3 signaling pathway, suggesting that the mechanism can be engaged in maintaining homeostasis of gingival epithelial cells at JE and the wound healing phase.
DDIT3 regulates cementoblast mineralization by isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 through nuclear factor‐κB pathway
Authors: Liu Xiayi , Sun Hualing , Yu Miao , Liu Jie , Yang Beining , Wu Yanru , Wang Jiawei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDDIT3 is of great importance in endoplasmic reticulum stress and is involved in many inflammatory diseases and mineralization processes. The cementum protects teeth from periodontitis and provides attachment for Sharpey's fibers of the periodontal ligament. However, the effect of DDIT3 on cementoblast differentiation remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that DDIT3 was suppressed during cementoblast differentiation. Knockdown of DDIT3 increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of several key osteogenic markers in vitro, including alkaline phosphatase, runt‐related transcription factor 2, and osteocalcin (OCN). In addition, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) was increased during cementoblast differentiation, and knockdown of DDIT3 increased the protein and mRNA levels of IDH1. Furthermore, inhibition of IDH1 could partially reduce the effect of DDIT3 on cementoblast differentiation. The DDIT3 knockdown activated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) transcriptional activity and upregulated the expression of p‐p65 and p‐IκBα. The increased osteogenic differentiation ability and IDH1 expression, as induced by the DDIT3 knockdown, could be partially turned over by the addition of NF‐κB inhibitor BAY 11–7082. Overall, our data clarified that DDIT3 suppresses cementoblast differentiation through IDH1, via the NF‐κB pathway.
Prospect of mesenchymal stem cells in therapy of osteoporosis: A review
Authors: Aghebati‐Maleki Leili , Dolati Sanam , Zandi Reza , Fotouhi Ali , Ahmadi Majid , Aghebati Ali , Nouri Mohammad , Kazem Shakouri Seyed , Yousefi Mehdi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOsteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease associated with reduced bone strong point that results in raised fracture risk, with decreased bone strength, leading to reduced bone mineral density and poor bone quality. It is the most common in older females but some men are also at high risk. Although considered as a predictable result of aging, it is can be avoidable and treatable. The existing treatment of osteoporosis mainly contains antiresorptive and anabolic agents. In spite of these improvements, concerns around unusual side‐effects of antiresorptive drugs, and the lack of perfect confirmation in maintenance of their long‐standing effectiveness is bring about many patients not receiving these drugs. Over the years, the stem cell‐based therapy has attained substantial clinical consideration because of its potential to treat numerous diseases. The stem cell therapy has been recommended as a probable therapeutic approach for patients with osteoporosis. Even though the concept of stem cell‐based therapy for osteoporosis has caught substantial attention, no clinical trial has been published on humans. The cell studies based on osteoporosis are primarily focused on osteoclastic activity and bone resorption procedures. Earlier, it was on osteoblastogenesis and in recent times, on the differentiation probable of mesenchymal stem cells. In this review, we have summarized the therapeutic role of stem cell‐based strategy in osteoporosis.
Immunoresolvents in asthma and allergic diseases: Review and update
Authors: Lotfi Ramin , Rezaiemanesh Alireza , Mortazavi Seyed Hamidreza , Karaji Ali Gorgin , Salari Farhad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAsthma and allergic diseases are inflammatory conditions developed by excessive reaction of the immune system against normally harmless environmental substances. Although acute inflammation is necessary to eradicate the damaging agents, shifting to chronic inflammation can be potentially detrimental. Essential fatty‐acids‐derived immunoresolvents, namely, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are anti‐inflammatory compounds that are believed to have protective and beneficial effects in inflammatory disorders, including asthma and allergies. Accordingly, impaired biosynthesis and defective production of immunoresolvents could be involved in the development of chronic inflammation. In this review, recent evidence on the anti‐inflam]matory effects of immunoresolvents, their enzymatic biosynthesis routes, as well as their receptors are discussed.
Trehalose inhibits cell proliferation and amplifies long‐term temozolomide‐ and radiation‐induced cytotoxicity in melanoma cells: A role for autophagy and premature senescence
Authors: Allavena Giulia , Del Bello Barbara , Tini Paolo , Volpi Nila , Valacchi Giuseppe , Miracco Clelia , Pirtoli Luigi , Maellaro Emilia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCutaneous melanomas frequently metastasize to the brain, with temozolomide (TMZ) plus radiotherapy (RT) offering little control of these lesions. We tested whether trehalose, a natural glucose disaccharide proved to induce autophagy, could enhance the effect of TMZ and ionizing radiation (IR). In two melanoma cell lines (A375 and SK‐Mel‐28), which greatly differ in chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity, trehalose significantly inhibited short‐term cell proliferation and also enhanced IR‐induced cytostasis. Interestingly, in TMZ‐resistant SK‐Mel‐28 cells, trehalose was more effective than TMZ, and combined trehalose + TMZ further reduced cell proliferation. In long‐term experiments, colony‐forming capacity was dramatically reduced by trehalose, and even more by combined trehalose + TMZ or trehalose + IR. In resistant SK‐Mel‐28 cells, although growth was inhibited most with trehalose + TMZ + IR‐6 Gy combined treatment, it is notable that trehalose + TMZ treatment was also very effective. Along with a direct antiproliferative effect, two further mechanisms may explain how trehalose potentiates TMZ‐ and IR‐induced effects: the remarkable trehalose‐stimulated autophagy in A375 cells, which were sensitive to TMZ‐ and IR‐induced apoptosis; and the notable trehalose‐stimulated premature senescence in SK‐Mel‐28 cells, which were resistant to apoptosis and less prone to autophagy. In normal melanocytes, trehalose induced a minor autophagy and cell proliferation inhibition, without affecting cell viability; moreover, when trehalose was used in combination with TMZ, the slight TMZ‐induced cytotoxicity was not significantly reinforced. Together, our results suggest that trehalose, a safe nutrient supplement able to cross the blood–brain barrier, is a promising candidate, worthy to be further explored in vivo, to augment the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ and RT in melanoma brain metastases.
Identification of dysregulated miRNAs in triple negative breast cancer: A meta‐analysis approach
Authors: Naorem Leimarembi Devi , Muthaiyan Mathavan , Venkatesan Amouda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor clinical outcomes and lack of approved targeted therapy. Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered a promising biomarker, which plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of human cancer. Due to the increase in miRNA profiling datasets of TNBC, a proper analysis is required for studying. Therefore, this study used meta‐analysis to amalgamate ten miRNA profiling studies of TNBC. By the robust rank aggregation method, metasignatures of six miRNAs (4 upregulated: hsa‐miR‐135b‐5p, hsa‐miR‐18a‐5p, hsa‐miR‐9‐5p and hsa‐miR‐522‐3p; 2 downregulated: hsa‐miR‐190b and hsa‐miR‐449a) were obtained. The gene ontology analysis revealed that target genes regulated by miRNAs were associated with processes like the regulation of transcription, DNA dependent, and signal transduction. Also, it is noted from the pathway analysis that signaling and cancer pathways were associated with the progression of TNBC. A Naïve Bayes‐based classifier built with miRNA signatures discriminates TNBC and non‐TNBC samples in test data set with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. From the analysis carried out by the study, it is suggested that the identified miRNAs are of great importance in improving the diagnostics and therapeutics for TNBC.
Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence among blood donors in Pune, India
Authors: Tripathy Anuradha S. , Puranik Shaila , Sharma Meenal , Chakraborty Sambuddha , Devakate Ujwal R. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundBlood transfusion is a recently reported route of hepatitis E virus (HEV) transmission. It is a bigger concern in regions where large‐scale HEV genotype 1 infections occur causing more severe disease. The present study aims to assess the prevalence and rate of HEV infection in the blood donors of Pune, India.Materials and MethodsA total of 2447 healthy blood donors were screened for anti‐HEV IgG and IgM antibodies. Anti‐HEV IgM antibody positives were further subjected to alanine aminotransferase measurement, HEV RNA detection, viral load quantification and phylogenetic analysis.ResultsAnti‐HEV seroprevalence rate was 17.70%, while IgM prevalence rate was 0.20%. An age dependent increase in IgG seropositive rate was observed. Two of five IgM‐positives tested positive for HEV RNA. The viral load ranged from 3.5 × 104 to 4.6 × 105 copies/mL and belonged to HEV genotype 1.ConclusionsHEV prevalence rate of 17.70% in the blood donors of Pune, India, a developing country, goes at par with the developed countries. Current data of 0.20% (5 of 2447) blood donors positive for anti‐HEV IgM and two of them being HEV RNA positive suggest a need for consideration of cost‐effective evaluation towards pooled HEV RNA testing in blood banks.
Thioredoxin reductase gene expression and activity among human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1–infected patients
Authors: Yaghoubi Neda , Youssefi Masoud , Hashemy Seyed Isaac , Rafat Panah Houshang , Mashkani Barat Ali , Zahedi Avval Farnaz 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe thioredoxin (Trx) system is a reducing complex, consisting of Trx, Trx reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, that scavenges reactive oxygen species. The system is a natural protective mechanism to prevent apoptosis and progression of oxidative stress‐related diseases. The present study was conducted to explore possible changes in TrxR activity and gene expression as a response to the oxidative stress during HTLV‐1 infection.Materials and MethodsBlood samples were collected from 40 HTLV‐1‐infected patients and 40 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. The patient group consisted of chronic asymptomatic carriers and HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM‐TSP) patients. A commercial kit was used to measure the TrxR enzyme activity, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate TrxR gene expression in extracted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).ResultsA decreasing pattern of TrxR enzyme activity was observed among control, carrier, and HAM‐TSP groups (mean ± SD; controls, 0.1734 ± 0.056; carriers, 0.134 ± 0.065; and HAM‐TSP, 0.0928 ± 0.047 µmol/min/mL). Cellular TrxR gene expression showed the same decreasing trend. The fold differences of gene expression in carriers and HAM‐TSP groups compared with healthy controls were 0.8 and 0.7 vs 1, respectively.ConclusionWe found a reduction in TrxR expression as well as serum enzyme activity in HTLV‐1‐infected individuals, particularly in HAM‐TSP patients. The reduced TrxR activity during HTLV‐1 infection may hamper the natural protective mechanisms, thereby contributes to virus‐induced complications.
Vascular effects of caffeine found in BOLD fMRI
Authors: Yang Ho‐Ching (Shawn) , Liang Zhenhu , Yao Jinxia (Fiona) , Shen Xin , Frederick Blaise deB. , Tong Yunjie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signal in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures neuronal activation indirectly. Previous studies have found aperiodic, systemic low‐frequency oscillations (sLFOs, ~0.1 Hz) in BOLD signals from resting state (RS) fMRI, which reflects the non‐neuronal cerebral perfusion information. In this study, we investigated the possibility of extracting vascular information from the sLFOs in RS BOLD fMRI, which could provide complementary information to the neuronal activations. Two features of BOLD signals were exploited. First, time delays between the sLFOs of big blood vessels and brain voxels were calculated to determine cerebral circulation times and blood arrival times. Second, voxel‐wise standard deviations (SD) of LFOs were calculated to represent the blood densities. We explored those features on the publicly available Myconnectome data set (a 2‐year study of an individual subject (Male)), which contains 45 RS scans acquired after the subject had coffee, and 45 coffee‐free RS scans, acquired on different days. Our results showed that shorter time delays and smaller SDs were detected in caffeinated scans. This is consistent with the vasoconstriction effects of caffeine, which leads to increased blood flow velocity. We also compared our results with previous findings on neuronal networks from the same data set. Our finding showed that brain regions with the significant vascular effect of caffeine coincide with those with a significant neuronal effect, indicating close interaction. This study provides methods to assess the physiological information from RS fMRI. Together with the neuronal information, we can study simultaneously the underlying correlations and interactions between vascular and neuronal networks, especially in pharmacological studies.
Effect of continuous cooking on cooking water properties and pasta quality
Authors: Diamante Giulia , Peressini Donatella , Simonato Michele , Anese Monica 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDProfessional pasta cookers are filled with fresh water. The solids leached from the cooked pasta make pasta less firm and stickier while leading to changes in water properties and overflow. Added fresh water then has to be reheated. The effect of continuous cooking on cooked pasta quality and water properties was investigated for the first time by simulating professional pasta cooking on a laboratory scale.RESULTSContinuous cooking procedure of 12 batches led to a solid content of cooking water of 37 g kg−1, resulting in an increase in shear‐thinning behaviour and consistency index. Pasta cooking loss decreased from 52.7 to 35.7 g kg−1 due to the lower water concentration gradient through the pasta. This was confirmed by a decrease in swelling index from 2.0 × 10−3 to 1.6 × 10−3 g kg−1 during the optimal cooking time (13 min 45 s). Surprisingly, continuous cooking made the pasta firmer while stickiness did not differ significantly (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONTaking batch number 7 as the acceptability threshold, further studies are required to find an optimal solution for retaining cooking water properties highly affecting daily cooking procedures in food service kitchens. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Prophylactic use of probiotic chocolate modulates intestinal physiological functions in constipated rats
Authors: Lee Chul Sang , Tan Pei Lei , Eor Ju Young , Choi Da Hye , Park Miri , Seo Sung Keum , Yoon Seokmin , Yang Siyoung , Kim Sae Hun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated the in vivo prophylactic effect of probiotic chocolate on constipation. Rats were administered chocolate containing 2.5 × 1010 CFU g−1 of probiotics daily for 4 weeks and treated with loperamide (5 mg kg−1) daily at the fourth week of treatment.RESULTSProbiotic chocolate treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased the intestinal motility, colon length, fecal moisture content and number of excreted fecal pellets in constipated rats. Moreover, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction data and histological images also revealed that both probiotic chocolate LYC and BB12 treatments were capable of upregulating the mRNA expression levels of colonic ZO‐1, occludin and AQP8, leading to the maintenance of the defensive barrier function in the constipated rats compared with the negative controls. Interestingly, these treatments also modulated gut bacterial populations by increasing the abundance levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, as well as reducing the abundance level of Enterobacteriaceae.CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrated that probiotic chocolate LYC and BB12 could potentially be used as alternative agents for prophylactic constipation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
An effective method based on medium‐pressure liquid chromatography and recycling high‐speed counter‐current chromatography for enrichment and separation of three minor components with similar polarity from Dracocephalum tanguticum
Authors: Yang Xue , Wang Nana , Shen Cheng , Li Hongmei , Zhao Jingyang , Chen Tao , Li Yulin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe separation of minor compounds, especially those with similar polarities from a complex sample, remains challenging. In the proposed study, an effective method based on medium‐pressure liquid chromatography and recycling high‐speed counter‐current chromatography was developed for the enrichment and separation of three minor components from Dracocephalum tanguticum. The crude extract was directly introduced to medium‐pressure liquid chromatography for the enrichment of the three minor components. Based on high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis, the total content of these three compounds increased from 0.48% in the crude extract to 85.3% in the medium‐pressure liquid chromatography fraction. In addition, high‐speed counter‐current chromatography was employed to separate the enriched compounds using the solvent system hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1.18:8.82:1.18:8.82, v/v/v/v). As a result, compound 3 and a mixture of compounds 1 and 2 were obtained. In order to improve the resolution of compounds 1 and 2 while saving separation time, a recycling and heart‐cut mode was used. Finally, compounds 1 and 2 were obtained after five cycles. These compounds were identified as 3‐phenylethyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside (1), tazettoside E (2), and cirsiliol‐4′‐glucoside (3). Compounds 1 and 2 were primarily separated from D. tanguticum. Moreover, the developed method provided a reference for the separation of minor components from the complex sample.
On hypercyclic rank one perturbations of unitary operators
Authors: Baranov Anton , Kapustin Vladimir , Lishanskii Andrei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecently, S. Grivaux showed that there exists a rank one perturbation of a unitary operator in a Hilbert space which is hypercyclic. Another construction was suggested later by the first and the third authors. Here, using a functional model for rank one perturbations of singular unitary operators, we give yet another construction of hypercyclic rank one perturbation of a unitary operator. In particular, we show that any countable union of perfect Carleson sets on the circle can be the spectrum of a perturbed (hypercyclic) operator.
Staged inset of free flaps for complex microsurgical head and neck reconstruction to ensure total flap survival
Authors: Huang Tony C.T. , Ciudad Pedro , Manrique Oscar J. , Agko Mouchammed , Chen Shih‐Heng , Tang Phoebe Yueh‐Bih , Sabbagh M. Diya , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionMicrosurgical reconstruction of complex head and neck defects often requires reliable tissue in multiple spatial configurations to achieve good functional and aesthetic outcomes. In addition to robust perforators, flap inset and wound closure require great caution to minimize complications especially in the presence of trismus with limited space for inset. This report describes the technique and results of our staged approach to flap inset which increases the chance of total flap survival in complex head and neck reconstructions.MethodsFrom February 2010 to August 2016, a total of 53 patients were identified via a retrospective chart review. Patients who were suspected to have a high risk of vascular compromise and subsequently underwent complex head and neck reconstruction with staged inset of anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps were included. The flap was inset only partially at the recipient site initially with fewer sutures. At a second stage, after neovascularization from surrounding tissue was established, the flap was partially elevated, divided and mobilized on its own pedicle for definitive inset.ResultsFifty‐one patients had complete survival of flaps and had uneventful postoperative course. Six cases required immediate re‐exploration to release wound tension or reposition the pedicle. Of these, 4 flaps were salvaged, 2 failed due to small perforators despite anastomosis revision. The flap survival rate was 96.2% and the average time between 2 stages was 24 days (range, 21–28).ConclusionStaged flap inset can improve free flap survival in complex head and neck reconstructions.
The BOLD sensitivity of rapid steady‐state sequences
Authors: Scheffler Klaus , Heule Rahel , Báez‐Yánez Mario G. , Kardatzki Bernd , Lohmann Gabriele 
Published: November 2018

PurposeRelaxation and dephasing of water protons embedded in a vascular network is driven by local magnetic field inhomogeneities around deoxygenated blood vessels. These effects strongly depend on the relation between mean diffusion length and diameter of blood vessels, as well as on the chosen imaging sequence. In this work, the BOLD sensitivity of steady‐state sequences as a function of vessel size, field strength, and sequence parameters are analyzed.MethodsSteady‐state magnetization within a network of artificial cylinders is simulated with Monte Carlo methods for different coherence pathways. In addition, measurements on microspheres were performed to confirm theoretical results.ResultsSimulations and phantom results demonstrate a vessel size‐dependent signal attenuation effect of all coherence pathways. Both the FID and ECHO pathways show a signal profile similar to spin echo sequences where in the static dephasing regime the effect of larger vessels is suppressed.ConclusionThe BOLD effect measured in steady‐state sequences is most sensitive to microvessels and might therefore be closer to the underlying neuronal event compared to gradient echo sequences.