bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Camp Town to International City: Us Military Base Expansion and Local Development in Pyeongtaek, South Korea
Authors: Martin Bridget 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Pyeongtaek, South Korea, the US military is currently completing construction of its largest overseas base, and tens of thousands of American troops, civilian workers and accompanying family members are relocating to the city. Activist and civil society groups fiercely opposed base expansion in Pyeongtaek, leading to violent confrontations with police in 2006. As many scholars have pointed out, the country's 1980s democratization and 1990s decentralization created the conditions in which such vocal anti‐US and anti‐base politics became possible. Yet it was under the very same conditions that South Korea's central government harnessed local aspirations for urban growth to counter the anti‐base protests. By deregulating land use in Pyeongtaek and promising support for a number of major urban projects, the central government sought to build support for US expansion in the city and re‐cast militarization as a desirable form of ‘international city’ development. Haunted by the specter of gritty soldier‐entertainment ‘camp town’ areas and eager to see urban growth, the city government joined with the central government in constructing Pyeongtaek's new urban vision. However, new projects intended as a form of collective compensation displaced thousands and sparked new protest movements.
Patterns of weight loss and their determinants in a sample of adults with overweight and obesity intending to lose weight
Authors: Eykelenboom Michelle , van Stralen Maartje M. , Poelman Maartje P. , Steenhuis Ingrid H.M. 
Published: November 2018

AimWeight loss success is highly variable among individuals. Cluster analysis contributes to future intervention development by recognising this individual variability and identifying different weight loss patterns. Identifying determinants that differentiate between these patterns would explain the source of variability. Thus, we aimed to identify weight loss patterns and their determinants in adults with overweight and obesity.MethodsThe present study is a secondary analysis of data from the PortionControl@HOME study. The weight of 175 adults was measured at 0, 3 and 12 months and potential determinants were self‐reported using validated questionnaires at 0 and 3 months. Weight loss patterns were identified based on percent weight change during Phase 1 (0–3 months) and Phase 2 (3–12 months) using cluster analysis. Determinants were assessed using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsWe identified three weight loss patterns: (i) low success, demonstrating low weight loss achievement, (ii) moderate success, demonstrating successful weight loss in Phase 1 followed by partial regain in Phase 2 and (iii) high success, demonstrating weight loss in Phase 1 followed by continued weight loss in Phase 2. Compared to the moderate success pattern, the low success pattern was negatively associated with power of food at baseline (i.e. the appetitive drive to consume highly palatable food) (odds ratio, OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.21–0.86) and change in portion control behaviour (i.e. the use of behavioural strategies to control the amount of food consumed) (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10–0.78).ConclusionsThree weight loss patterns were identified in adults with overweight and obesity. Adults with greater power of food and increased portion control behaviour were less likely to exhibit an unsuccessful weight loss pattern.
Computer vs human: Deep learning versus perceptual training for the detection of neck of femur fractures
Authors: Adams Matthew , Chen Weijia , Holcdorf David , McCusker Mark W , Howe Piers DL , Gaillard Frank 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the accuracy of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for detecting neck of femur (NoF) fractures on radiographs, in comparison with perceptual training in medically‐naïve individuals.MethodsThis study extends a previous study that conducted perceptual training in medically‐naïve individuals for the detection of NoF fractures on a variety of dataset sizes. The same anteroposterior hip radiograph dataset was used to train two DCNNs (AlexNet and GoogLeNet) to detect NoF fractures. For direct comparison with perceptual training results, deep learning was completed across a variety of dataset sizes (200, 320 and 640 images) with images split into training (80%) and validation (20%). An additional 160 images were used as the final test set. Multiple pre‐processing and augmentation techniques were utilised.ResultsAlexNet and GoogLeNet DCNNs NoF fracture detection accuracy increased with larger training dataset sizes and mildly with augmentation. Accuracy increased from 81.9% and 88.1% to 89.4% and 94.4% for AlexNet and GoogLeNet respectively. Similarly, the test accuracy for the perceptual training in top‐performing medically‐naïve individuals increased from 87.6% to 90.5% when trained on 640 images compared with 200 images.ConclusionsSingle detection tasks in radiology are commonly used in DCNN research with their results often used to make broader claims about machine learning being able to perform as well as subspecialty radiologists. This study suggests that as impressive as recognising fractures is for a DCNN, similar learning can be achieved by top‐performing medically‐naïve humans with less than 1 hour of perceptual training.
The Toll‐Like Receptor 3 Agonist Poly(I:C) Induces Rapid and Lasting Changes in Gene Expression Related to Glutamatergic Function and Increases Ethanol Self‐Administration in Rats
Authors: Randall Patrick A. , Vetreno Ryan P. , Makhijani Viren H. , Crews Fulton T. , Besheer Joyce 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that neuroimmune signaling via Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) alters brain circuitry related to alcohol use disorders. Both ethanol (EtOH) exposure and the TLR3 agonist, poly(I:C), increase brain TLR3 expression in neurons and glia. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that cortical TLR3 expression is correlated with lifetime EtOH intake in humans.MethodsThe current experiments investigated the consequences of poly(I:C) treatment on gene expression in 2 brain regions contributing to alcohol reinforcement, the insular cortex (IC) and nucleus accumbens (Acb) and on operant EtOH self‐administration, in Long Evans rats.ResultsTLR3 activation increased mRNA levels of neuroimmune genes (TLR3, COX2), glutamatergic genes (mGluR2, mGluR3, GLT1), and the trophic factor BDNF in Acb and IC. Furthermore, increases in each of these genes were correlated with increases in TLR3 mRNA, suggesting that TLR3 induction of these genes may impact excitatory transmission in IC and Acb. TLR3 activation also increased EtOH self‐administration 18 days postinjection and enhanced the effects of the mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268 to reduce EtOH self‐administration following poly(I:C).ConclusionsTogether, these findings suggest lasting consequences of TLR3 activation on gene expression including increases in Group II mGluRs in the Acb. Furthermore, we show an important role for TLR3 signaling in EtOH intake, and a functional involvement of Group II mGluRs.
Estrogen Modulates Ethanol‐Induced Memory Deficit in Postpubertal Adolescent Rats
Authors: Sircar Ratna 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundOur laboratory and others have reported that ethanol (EtOH) impairs hippocampus‐associated memory formation in prepubertal adolescent rats. Acute alcohol exposure in humans produces a syndrome of memory loss (“blackouts”) that is similar to impairments caused by hippocampal damage. The ability to form new long‐term explicit memories is affected, but not short‐term memory storage or recall of information from long‐term storage. Alcohol‐induced memory impairment, similar to teenage alcohol blackouts, has been shown in prepubertal adolescent rodents. In the present study, EtOH's effect on contextual fear memory was examined in postpubertal rats.MethodsIn Experiment 1, intact male and female postpubertal rats were treated with an acute intraperitoneal injection of EtOH or vehicle. Thirty minutes later, rats were trained in the fear conditioning paradigm, and 24 hours after training, all rats were tested for contextual fear conditioning. In Experiment 2, groups of intact postpubertal female rats were treated with a single injection of EtOH, or vehicle, during different phases of the estrus cycle and tested for fear conditioning. In Experiment 3, groups of postpubertal female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and were given hormonal supplementation (estrogen with or without progesterone) and tested for EtOH‐induced memory formation. Additional controls included sham‐operated, oil‐treated postpubertal female rats. In Experiment 4, intact postpubertal male rats were administered exogenous estrogen alone or together with progesterone and tested for EtOH‐induced contextual memory formation.ResultsFollowing an acute EtOH exposure, intact postpubertal female rats exhibited significant impairments in contextual fear conditioning. But acute EtOH had little effect on contextual fear conditioning in intact postpubertal males. EtOH impaired memory formation during all phases of the estrus cycle except during estrus phase when blood levels of estrogen are low. Ovariectomized rats did not show any EtOH‐induced impairment in contextual freezing compared to vehicle‐treated ovariectomized rats. In female rats, bilateral ovariectomy eliminated EtOH‐induced memory deficit and estrogen replacement reintroduced EtOH‐induced memory impairment. Although postpubertal male rats were insensitive to EtOH's effect on contextual fear conditioning, but when treated with exogenous estrogen, they performed poorly in the contextual memory task.ConclusionsTogether, these data suggest that the female gonadal hormone estrogen is an important modulator of EtOH‐induced cognitive behavior in postpubertal female and male rats, and that it may play an important role in teenage alcohol blackout.
Expression patterns common and unique to ulcerative colitis and celiac disease
Authors: Medrano Luz María , Pascual Virginia , Bodas Andrés , López‐Palacios Natalia , Salazar Isabel , Espino‐Paisán Laura , González‐Pérez Beatriz , Urcelay Elena , Mendoza Juan Luis , Núñez Concepción 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAutoimmune diseases like celiac disease (CeD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) show a common genetic background defined by the existence of shared susceptibility loci. We aimed to go deeper into this common genetic background through performing a cross‐disease study based on gene expression. We measured the expression of 21 genes located in 13 CeD‐UC susceptibility regions, and 10 genes in five CeD risk regions. Determinations were carried out in colon/rectum samples from 13 UC patients (inflamed and uninflamed tissue) and four colon samples from controls. Duodenal samples from 19 CeD patients and 12 controls were used for comparisons. Differences were analyzed using the Bayesian method. The shared chromosomal regions containing TNFAIP3, PTPN2, ICOSLG, C1orf106, and IL21 showed similar results in both diseases. FASLG, PLEK, CCR4, and TAGAP, all located in CeD risk loci, were up‐regulated in both CeD and UC patients. Finally, ZFP36L1, ZMIZ1, PUS10, UBE2L3, and BACH2 showed opposite results in CeD and UC. A high complexity underlies autoimmune common susceptibility loci, as the expression pattern of the studied genes does not always correlate with the one expected attending to the apparent genetic background. Differentially expressed genes such as ZFP36L1, ZMIZ1, PUS10, and BACH2 deserve further research in autoimmune diseases.
Stressful life events and psychiatric comorbidity in acne–a case control study
Authors: Bondade Swapna , Hosthota Abhineetha , Basavaraju Vinay 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionPossibility of a causal influence of emotional stress, on the course of various skin diseases, has been postulated. However, it is still inconclusive about the role of stressful life events in acne. In this background, the present study was carried out to know its role in acne.MethodsConsecutive one hundred patients who were diagnosed with acne vulgaris in the age group of 12 to 45 years were included. Age and sex matched controls were taken. A semistructured proforma was used to collect sociodemographic details. Stressful life events were assessed using presumptive stressful life event scale. Anxiety was evaluated using Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale and Depression by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.ResultsThere was no difference in total stressful life events in past one year between patients and controls. The undesirable life event was present in 65 patients and 50 controls, this difference was statistically significant. Getting married or appearing for exams were the most common stressful life event in patients. Forty patients had comorbid psychiatric illness whereas in controls comorbidity was in 24 and this difference was statistically significant.DiscussionThe undesirable stressful life events and psychiatric comorbidity were more in acne patients than in controls.
MORC2 promotes development of an aggressive colorectal cancer phenotype through inhibition of NDRG1
Authors: Liu Jiao , Shao Yangguang , He Yuxin , Ning Ke , Cui Xi , Liu Furong , Wang Zhenning , Li Feng 
Published: November 2018

MORC2 (microrchidia family CW‐type zinc finger 2) is a newly identified chromatin remodeling protein that functions in diverse biological processes including gene transcription. NDRG1 is a metastasis suppressor and a prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the relationship between MORC2 and NDRG1 transcriptional regulation and the roles of MORC2 in CRC remain elusive. Here, we showed that MORC2 downregulated NDRG1 mRNA, protein levels, and promoter activity in CRC cells. We also found that MORC2 bound to the −446 to −213 bp region of the NDRG1 promoter. Mechanistically, histone deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was involved in NDRG1 transcriptional regulation. MORC2 was able to interact with SIRT1 and inhibit NDRG1 promoter activity cumulatively with SIRT1. MORC2 overexpression led to a decrease of H3Ac and H4Ac of the NDRG1 promoter. Importantly, we showed that NDRG1 was essential in MORC2‐mediated promotion of CRC cell migration and invasion in vitro, as well as lung metastasis of CRC cells in vivo. Moreover, MORC2 expression correlated negatively with NDRG1 expression in CRC patients. High expression of MORC2 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.019) and poor pTNM stage (P = 0.02) and the expression of MORC2 correlated with poor prognosis in colon cancer patients. Our findings thus contribute to the knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of MORC2 in downregulating NDRG1, and suggest MORC2 as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
The behavior of polyetheretherketone healing abutments when measuring implant stability with electronic percussive testing
Authors: Dayan Çağatay , Bural Canan , Geçkili Onur 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown whether it is possible to measure implant stability with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) healing abutments using electronic percussive testing (EPT).PurposeTo investigate the reliability of the percussive test values (PTVs) measured with PEEK healing abutments and to compare them with the PTVs measured with titanium healing abutments.Material and MethodsThirty dental implants were inserted into the fresh pelvis belonging to a cow. Titanium healing abutments (2 and 5 mm), PEEK healing abutments (5 mm), and prepable standard titanium abutments (5 mm) were screwed to the implants, respectively, and PTVs were measured by two examiners using a wireless EPT device. Differences in PTVs between different dental implant components were evaluated using Friedman's test with post hoc Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and Bonferroni correction. Inter and intra‐observer reliabilities were detected using interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs)ResultsThe mean PTVs obtained using the PEEK healing abutments were significantly higher than the mean PTVs obtained using the other abutments for both examiners (P < .01). The ICCs for intra‐observer reliability were detected as poor for PEEK healing abutments; and excellent for the other abutment types for both examiners. The ICCs for the inter‐observer reliability between the two examiners were poor (0.25) for PEEK healing abutments, and excellent for the 2 and 5 mm titanium healing abutments and for standard abutments (0.82, 0.84 and 0.93, respectively).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this in vitro study, it may be concluded that EPT measurements should be avoided using PEEK healing abutments because of the poor reliability.
The colour properties of polyester/cotton knitted fabrics coated with poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)
Authors: Vieira Giovana A. , Pereira André Cadore , Immich Ana Paula Serafini , de Souza Antônio Augusto Ulson , Barcellos Ivonete Oliveira 
Published: November 2018

The objective of this research was to investigate the use of crosslinked poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) to coat polyester/cotton knitted fabric, without adversely affecting its dyeing properties. Before dyeing, the knitted fabrics were tested for bursting strength to assess the influence of the coating on their resistance. The dyeing parameters were evaluated as the exhaustion (%), K/S value, colour difference (ΔE), relative strength (RS %) and colour fastness to washing. Bursting strengths were 9.4 for coated and 9.7 kgf cm−2 for uncoated knitted fabric samples, confirming an insignificant loss in resistance. In the evaluation of K/S, ΔE and RS%, the values for the samples with the highest concentration of PVP were the most different to those for the standard sample. The colour fastness showed satisfactory results indicating that neutralisation and washing after dyeing were effective. These results could lead to increased quality in the textile industry, adding value to products.
Role of induction therapy in low immunological risk–kidney transplant recipients: A mate‐kidney analysis
Authors: Sureshkumar Kalathil K. , Katragadda Vinaikumar , Chopra Bhavna , Sampaio Marcelo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the impact of induction on outcomes in low‐immunological risk kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) using a mate‐kidney model. Using OPTN/UNOS database, we identified three groups of low‐immunological risk KTRs (first transplant, panel reactive antibody <20%, human leukocyte antigen mismatches ≤3) with each group containing recipients of mate‐kidneys from same donor and differed by induction received: group 1: no induction vs interleukin‐2 receptor antibody (IL2RA) induction; group 2: no induction vs depleting antibody induction; group 3: IL2RA vs depleting antibody induction. Outcomes were compared between mate‐kidney recipients in each group in an adjusted model. Total of 1034 mate‐kidney recipients were identified: group 1, n = 192; group 2, n = 362 and group 3, n = 480. Adjusted risk for DGF was higher (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.09‐3.25,.P = 0.02) and one‐year acute rejection trended lower (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.25‐1.11, P = 0.09) among depleting antibody induced patients in group 2. Adjusted five‐year graft survivals were similar between mate‐kidney recipients in all three groups. Adjusted patient death risk was significantly lower in depleting antibody induced patients in group 2 (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26‐0.88, P = 0.02) and trended lower in IL2RA induced patient in group 1 (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10‐1.01, P = 0.05). Perioperative antibody induction was associated with lower patient death risk in low‐immunologic risk KTRs.
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors regulate ketone body metabolism via inter‐organ crosstalk
Authors: Kim Jin Hee , Lee Minyoung , Kim Soo Hyun , Kim So Ra , Lee Byung‐Wan , Kang Eun Seok , Cha Bong‐Soo , Cho Jin Won , Lee Yong‐ho 
Published: November 2018

AimTo investigate sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i)‐induced changes in ketogenic enzymes and transporters in normal and diabetic mice models.Materials and methodsNormal mice were randomly assigned to receive either vehicle or SGLT2i (25 mg/kg/d by oral gavage) for 7 days. Diabetic mice were treated with vehicle, insulin (4.5 units/kg/d by subcutaneous injection) or SGLT2i (25 mg/kg/d by intra‐peritoneal injection) for 5 weeks. Serum and tissues of ketogenic organs were analysed.ResultsIn both normal and diabetic mice, SGLT2i increased beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) content in liver, kidney and colon tissue, as well as in serum and urine. In these organs, SGLT2i upregulated mRNA expression of ketogenic enzymes, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A synthase 2 and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A lyase. Similar patterns were observed in the kidney, ileum and colon for mRNA and protein expression of sodium‐dependent monocarboxylate transporters (SMCTs), which mediate the cellular uptake of BHB and butyrate, an important substrate for intestinal ketogenesis. In diabetic mice under euglycaemic conditions, SGLT2i increased major ketogenic enzymes and SMCTs, while insulin suppressed ketogenesis.ConclusionsSGLT2i increased systemic and tissue BHB levels by upregulating ketogenic enzymes and transporters in the liver, kidney and intestine, suggesting the integrated physiological consequences for ketone body metabolism of SGLT2i administration.
Physiological left ventricular segmental myocardial mechanics: Multiparametric polar mapping to determine intraventricular gradients of myocardial dynamics
Authors: Bogunovic Nikola , van Buuren Frank , Esdorn Hermann , Horstkotte Dieter , Bogunovic Lukas , Faber Lothar 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveWe investigated physiological systolic left ventricular (LV) myocardial mechanics and gradients to provide a database for later studies of diseased hearts.MethodsThe analyses were performed in 131 heart‐healthy individuals and included seven parameters of myocardial mechanics using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).ResultsBasal to apical and circumferentially significant physiological intraventricular parameter gradients of myocardial activity were determined. Global mean values and segmental ranges were peak systolic longitudinal strain −21.2 ± 3.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −21.8% to −20.6%), gradient (basal to apical) −16.0% to −26.7%; peak systolic longitudinal strain rate −1.24 ± 0.31%/s, 95% CI −1.29% to −1.19%/s, gradient (basal to apical) −0.91% to −1.61%/s; post‐systolic index 2.6 ± 3.2%, 95% CI 3.15%–2.05%, gradient (basal/medial/apical) 7.0/1.2/2.4%; pre‐systolic stretch index 1.3 ± 2.7%, 95% CI 1.77%–0.83%, gradient (basal/medial/apical) 6.5/0.2/1.3%; peak longitudinal displacement 12.2 ± 2.6 mm, 95% CI 12.6–11.8 mm, gradient (basal to apical) 21.0–3.4 mm; time‐to‐peak longitudinal strain 370 ± 43 ms, 95% CI 377–363 ms, gradient (basal to apical) 396–361 ms; and time‐to‐peak longitudinal strain rate 180 ± 47 ms, 95% CI 188–172 ms, gradient (basal to apical) 150–200 ms.ConclusionThis study generated a database of seven STE‐derived parameters of physiological segmental and global myocardial LV mechanics. The resulting sets of three‐dimensional intraventricular mappings of the entire LV provide physiological parameter gradients in baso‐apical and circumferential direction by applying the 17‐segment polar model. This will facilitate comparison of systolic myocardial activity of the healthy LV with diseased or otherwise altered (eg, sports) hearts.