bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc deficiency and its predictive capacity for anemia: Unique model in school children
Authors: Atasoy Halil Ibrahim , Bugdayci Guler 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundZinc deficiency is thought to be common in children, but its predictive capacity for anemia is unclear. Thus, this study identified zinc deficiency in school children, and investigated the association between zinc status and hemoglobin, together with other estimates of anemia.MethodsFor this case–control study, 349 of 483 children between 6.5 and 14.8 years old were included from primary schools in Bolu, Turkey. We measured weight, length, body mass index, and complete blood count with serum zinc, ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate. We investigated the differences between the groups and the effects of independent predictors such as age, gender, ferritin, zinc, vitamin B12 and folate on hemoglobin, on hierarchical multiple regression analysis.ResultsThirty‐eight (10.9%) of 349 children had low serum zinc concentration, and 21 (6.0%) were anemic. There were 12 anemic children in the zinc‐deficient group and nine in the zinc‐sufficient control group (31.5% vs 2.9%) with similar ferritin levels. On regression analysis, zinc had the strongest association with hemoglobin. On receiver operating characteristic analysis, the cut‐off for serum zinc for prediction of anemia was 71.5 μg/dL.ConclusionsThe strongest association of zinc with hemoglobin suggests that low zinc contributed the most to the observed anemia in children.
A novel method to guide classification of para swimmers with limb deficiency
Authors: Hogarth L. , Payton C. , Van de Vliet P. , Connick M. , Burkett B. 
Published: May 2018

The International Paralympic Committee has directed International Federations that govern Para sports to develop evidence‐based classification systems. This study defined the impact of limb deficiency impairment on 100 m freestyle performance to guide an evidence‐based classification system in Para Swimming, which will be implemented following the 2020 Tokyo Paralympic games. Impairment data and competitive race performances of 90 international swimmers with limb deficiency were collected. Ensemble partial least squares regression established the relationship between relative limb length measures and competitive 100 m freestyle performance. The model explained 80% of the variance in 100 m freestyle performance and found hand length and forearm length to be the most important predictors of performance. Based on the results of this model, Para swimmers were clustered into four‐, five‐, six‐, and seven‐class structures using nonparametric kernel density estimations. The validity of these classification structures, and effectiveness against the current classification system, were examined by establishing within‐class variations in 100 m freestyle performance and differences between adjacent classes. The derived classification structures were found to be more effective than current classification based on these criteria. This study provides a novel method that can be used to improve the objectivity and transparency of decision‐making in Para sport classification. Expert consensus from experienced coaches, Para swimmers, classifiers, and sport science and medicine personnel will benefit the translation of these findings into a revised classification system that is accepted by the Para swimming community.
Draft Genome Sequence of Saccharospirillum sp. Strain MSK14-1, Isolated from Surface Seawater Collected at Aburatsubo Inlet in Japan
Authors: Hasegawa Masumi , Nakajima Yu , Wong Shu-Kuan , Nakamura Keiji , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Hayashi Tetsuya , Kogure Kazuhiro , Yoshizawa Susumu 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Saccharospirillum
sp. strain MSK14-1, isolated from surface seawater collected at Aburatsubo Inlet in Japan. The genome sequence of strain MSK14-1 should contribute to our understanding of the characteristics of the genus
Saccharospirillum
.
Six-Year Follow-Up of Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Versus Angiography-Guided Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Fournier Stephane , Toth Gabor G. , De Bruyne Bernard , Johnson Nils P. , Ciccarelli Giovanni , Xaplanteris Panagiotis , Milkas Anastasios , Strisciuglio Teresa , Bartunek Jozef , Vanderheyden Marc , Wyffels Eric , Casselman Filip , Van Praet Frank , Stockman Bernard , Degrieck Ivan , Barbato Emanuele 
Published: May 2018

Background—
Fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has been associated with lower number of graft anastomoses, lower rate of on-pump surgery, and higher graft patency rate as compared with angiography-guided CABG surgery. However, no clinical benefit has been reported to date.

Methods and Results—

Consecutive patients (n=627) treated by CABG between 2006 and 2010 were retrospectively included. In 198 patients, at least 1 stenosis was grafted according to FFR (FFR-guided group), whereas in 429 patients all stenoses were grafted based on angiography (angiography-guided group). The 2 coprimary end points were overall death or myocardial infarction and major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of overall death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization) up to 6-year follow-up. In the FFR-guided group, patients were significantly younger (66 [57–73] versus 70 [63–76];
P
<0.001), more often male (82% versus 72%;
P
=0.008), and less often diabetic (21% versus 30%;
P
=0.023). Clinical follow-up (median, 85 [66–104] months) was analyzed in 396 patients after 1:1 propensity-score matching for these 3 variables. The rate of overall death or myocardial infarction was significantly lower in the FFR-guided (n=31 [16%] versus n=49 [25%]; hazard ratio, 0.59 [95% confidence interval, 0.38–0.93];
P
=0.020) as compared with the angiography-guided group. Major adverse cardiovascular events rate was also numerically lower in the FFR-guided than in the angiography-guided group (n=42 [21%] versus n=52 [26%]; hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% confidence interval, 0.51–1.16];
P
=0.21).

Conclusions—
FFR-guided CABG is associated with a significant reduction in the rate of overall death or myocardial infarction at 6-year follow-up as compared with angiography-guided CABG.
Psychological Essentialism in Serek ha-Yaḥad and the Two Spirits Treatise
Authors: Maiden Brett 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper investigates the psychological mechanisms that underpin Qumran sectarian dualism and its construction of in-group/out-group boundaries. Specifically, evidence from experimental and developmental psychology and cognitive anthropology is used to argue that Serek ha-Yaḥad and the Two Spirits Treatise (1QS 3:13–4:26) reflect a deeply-engrained psychological essentialism wherein non-group members are conceptualized as having inherently different biological essences. This essentialist tendency is easily extended to the social domain in what scholars call the “naturalization” of social groups. After reviewing this literature, the paper examines the Serek and Treatise’s use of kinship terms, the word “spirit,” and language denoting human nature and living species, in order to demonstrate that essentialist intuitions about outsiders provide a foundation for the sect’s dualistic worldview. Importantly, the essentialist thinking in these texts is also firmly grounded in and channeled through the intertextual interpretation of scripture, drawing heavily on the rich creation vocabulary in Genesis 1–3.
Value Added Tax and Carousel Fraud Schemes in the European Union and the Slovak Republic
Authors: Hangáčová Natália , Strémy Tomáš 
Published: May 2018

The aim of this contribution is to elaborate on the institute of VAT frauds, with emphasis on Carousel frauds. This document provides compact information concerning VAT fraud schemes within the European Union, problems within the EU VAT system, which was put into force in 1993 and strategises how to tackle VAT frauds as well as de lege ferenda proposals, especially in a view of the European Commission’s proposed solution on the EU’s common system of VAT. This article focuses on details of functioning of the EU VAT system, it explains relevant sections of the Slovak Penal Code Act pointing out legal issues in practise including examples of criminal conducts falling within the definitions of relevant sections of the Slovak Penal Code Act. This article demonstrates patterns of how carousel frauds are committed, how they evolved as a consequence of globalisation, economic changes, elimination of internal borders and electronic services.
Authors chose the very actual topic of carousel frauds in order to reveal the commission of VAT evasions, focus on existing problems and to emphasise the need for improvement of the European Union legislation in the field of VAT frauds. The contribution aims at proposing the solution for minimising the VAT gap.
The article utilises a descriptive approach to explain into detail functioning of the carousel frauds due to the fact that patterns used are complicated using a lot of companies to coved fraudulent transactions. Many times legal businesses are used to confuse law enforcement agencies as well as tax authorities of Member States when investigating commitment of VAT frauds e.g. Missing trader intra-Community fraud. In practise even courts have problems to determine which criminal offence of the Slovak Penal Code Act was committed. The article also provides in its Annex I the citations of the Slovak Penal Code Act which is beneficial to experts from Member States of the European Union to compare their jurisdiction to laws applicable in the Slovak Republic to bring the legislations closer or to subject the Slovak legislation to criticism.
A Foreign Culture Baptised: Roberto de Nobili and the Jesuits
Authors: Schouten Jan Peter 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Roberto de Nobili (1577-1656) was a key figure in the history of Christian missions in India. Based in Madurai, capital of a Hindu kingdom, he tried to reach the local Brahmins by accommodating completely to their way of life. He mastered Indian languages and studied the holy scriptures of Hinduism thoroughly. In many writings, he testified to a remarkable acquaintanceship of Hindu thinking and spirituality. His dialogical attitude brought him into conflict with both conservative Hindus and the leaders of his own Jesuit order. Later generations admired ‘the Christian sannyāsī’ for his phenomenal knowledge of languages and scriptures and his daring attempts to design Indian means of expression for the gospel. However, during the last quarter of a century, De Nobili has been criticized by Dalit theologians because of his complete adjustment to caste relations, including discrimination against low-caste people.
Upper Airway 3D Changes of Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate After Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Yatabe-Ioshida Marilia Sayako , Campos Letícia Dominguez , Yaedu Renato Yassukata , Trindade-Suedam Ivy Kiemle 
Published: May 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to 3-dimensionally assess the airway characteristics of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) who underwent orthognathic surgery. Design: This was a retrospective study. Setting: The study took place at a national referral center for cleft lip and palate rehabilitation. Patients and Participants: The sample comprised cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans obtained before and after orthognathic surgery of 15 individuals (30 CBCT scans), divided into 2 groups: UCLP group (n = 9 patients/18 CBCT scans) and BCLP group (n = 6/12 CBCT scans). All patients had a nonsyndromic UCLP or BCLP and a skeletal class III malocclusion at the preoperative period. Interventions: Airway volume, pharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area (mCSA), location of mCSA, sella-nasion-A point (SNA) and sella-nasion-B point (SNB) angles, and condylion-A point and condyloid-gnathion linear measurements were assessed in open-source software (ITK-SNAP and SlicerCMF). Main Outcome Measure: Airway dimensions of patients with UCLP and BCLP increase after orthognathic surgery. Results: After orthognathic surgery, UCLP group showed a significant 20% increase in nasopharynx volume. Although not significant, BCLP group also showed an increase of 18% in the same region. Minimal cross-sectional area remained dimensionally stable after surgery and was all located in the oropharynx region, on both groups. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between volume and mCSA on both groups. Conclusion: Overall, individuals with UCLP and BCLP showed an increase in the upper airway after orthognathic surgery and this might explain the breathing and sleep improvements reported by the patients after the surgery.
What makes people with gambling disorder undergo treatment? Patient and professional perspectives
Authors: Wieczorek Łukasz , Dąbrowska Katarzyna 
Published: May 2018

Aims: The aim of the article is to identify factors which bring people with gambling disorder to undergo treatment. We are interested in exploring motives that trigger change; identifying factors determining choice of facility; recognising barriers and facilitators appearing during treatment. Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Poland with people with gambling disorder, as well as with social workers, therapists, General Practitioners (GP) and psychiatrists. Purposive sampling was applied in selecting respondents. In total, 90 interviews were completed. Results: Internal and external motives that trigger change were identified. Among the internal motives were individuals’ own reflections often combined with a sense of guilt, and among the external motives, pressure from significant others, financial problems, law problems and somatic and mental problems. The choice of facility was made by those suffering from gambling disorder or by close family members. Factors which influenced the choice of clinics were availability (distance to the facility, sessions schedule), quality of infrastructure, assured anonymity, opinions on provided assistance, the renown of such a facility, apparent experience in treatment of gambling disorder, and the context behind the problems experienced. Individual (related to emotions and convictions,) and structural barriers (related to the treatment offer, infrastructure, personnel, and therapy programme) were identified along with the facilitators in the access to treatment. Conclusions: The identification of circumstances and determinants may contribute to improvements in the availability and quality of assistance provided, which could result in an increase in the percentage of patients undertaking treatment. There is a need for education aimed at increasing awareness of the problem and the possibilities of assistance as GPs and social workers very rarely recognise gambling disorder among their clients.
Acute Urinary Retention Guidelines – are they Worth it?
Authors: Durai Rajaraman , Ravi Ramanathan , Dickinson Ian K 
Published: May 2018

Objective Many district general hospitals in the UK do not have 24-hour urology cover and the junior doctors admit almost all patients with acute urinary retention (AUR) unnecessarily. A small retrospective audit involving a random selection of 17 patients who initially presented with AUR to accident and emergency (A&E) and eventually underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) between January 2002 and May 2002 showed that four (23%) were admitted unnecessarily and only a few patients had digital rectal examination and antibiotic prophylaxis. Guidelines were prepared to assist the junior doctors in managing patients with AUR. The guidelines were audited to assess how they worked. Methods A total of 32 patients with AUR were managed using the guideline from June 2002 to December 2002 and the details were collected prospectively from A&E referral letters; three patients were excluded. Results After implementation of the guideline, the majority of patients went home with a catheter (86%), and the number of digital rectal examinations had not increased but antibiotic prophylaxis had improved from 11 to 38%. The number of records of residual urine remained unchanged and residual urine was not documented in seven patients. Therefore, it was not known whether they had very high residual urine needing admission. More patients received alpha-blockers (27%). There were no inappropriate admissions. Conclusion Patients with uncomplicated urinary retention can be managed without admission. Development of guidelines avoids inappropriate admissions and improves efficiency. Education and training of junior doctors in the management of AUR is an absolute necessity to implement these guidelines.
Pentatrichomonas hominis infection in two domestic cats with chronic diarrhea
Authors: Bastos Bethânia Ferreira , Brener Beatriz , de Figueiredo Mariana Alves , Leles Daniela , Mendes-de-Almeida Flavya 
Published: May 2018

Case series summary Chronic diarrhea is a common and recurring problem in feline medicine. Intestinal trichomonads have been reported as causative agents of diarrhea in cats. While Pentatrichomonas hominis is considered commensal, Tritrichomonas foetus has been found to cause feline large bowel diarrhea in cats. In our report, two young cats infected with the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and presenting with chronic diarrhea were identified as having trichomonads in their feces, based on direct examination and fecal culture. Molecular assays (PCR and DNA sequencing) revealed that the parasite involved was P hominis, not T foetus, as was suspected. The animals had already been subjected to ineffective therapy with metronidazole, and after the use of ronidazole, their feces became dry and formed. Relevance and novel information This case report describes P hominis infection as a possible cause of chronic diarrhea in two young cats also infected by FeLV. The parasite was probably resistant to metronidazole, the drug of choice in the literature, and sensitive to ronidazole. Although considered commensal, P hominis infection should be evaluated as a differential diagnosis in cats with chronic diarrhea, especially those that are immunocompromised. Moreover, a combination of techniques such as direct examination and/or fecal culture and PCR is essential for an accurate diagnosis of P hominis infection.
Frequent Monitoring of C-Peptide Levels in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Subjects Using Dried Blood Spots Collected at Home
Authors: Willemsen Ruben H , Burling Keith , Barker Peter , Ackland Fran , Dias Renuka P , Edge Julie , Smith Anne , Todd John , Lopez Boryana , Mander Adrian P , Guy Catherine , Dunger David B 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate an approach to measure β-cell function by frequent testing of C-peptide concentrations in dried blood spots (DBSs).

Patients
Thirty-two children, aged 7 to 17 years, with a recent diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Design
Mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) within 6 and again at 12 months after diagnosis, with paired venous and DBS C-peptide sampling at 0 and 90 minutes. Weekly DBS C-peptide before and after standardized breakfasts collected at home.

Results
DBS and plasma C-peptide levels (n = 115) correlated strongly (r = 0·91; P &lt; 0.001). The Bland-Altman plot indicated good agreement. The median number of home-collected DBS cards per participant was 24 over a median of 6.9 months. Repeated DBS C-peptide levels varied considerably within and between subjects. Adjustment for corresponding home glucose measurements reduced the variance, permitting accurate description of changes over time. The correlation of the C-peptide slope over time (assessed by repeated home DBS) vs area under the curve during the two MMTTs was r = 0.73 (P &lt; 0.001). Mixed models showed that a 1-month increase in diabetes duration was associated with 17-pmol/L decline in fasting DBS C-peptide, whereas increases of 1 mmol/L in glucose, 1 year older age at diagnosis, and 100 pmol/L higher baseline plasma C-peptide were associated with 18, 17, and 61 pmol/L higher fasting DBS C-peptide levels, respectively. In addition, glucose responsiveness decreased with longer diabetes duration.

Conclusion
Our approach permitted frequent assessment of C-peptide, making it feasible to monitor β-cell function at home. Evaluation of changes in the slope of C-peptide through this method may permit short-term evaluation of promising interventions.
Reversing Cholinergic Bronchoconstriction by Common Inotropic Agents: A Randomized Experimental Trial on Isolated Perfused Rat Lungs
Authors: Fodor Gergely H. , Bayat Sam , Babik Barna , Habre Walid , Peták Ferenc 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND:
The ability of inotropic agents to alter airway reactivity and lung tissue mechanics has not been compared in a well-controlled experimental model. Therefore, we compared the potential to alter lung tissue viscoelasticity and bronchodilator effects of commonly used inotropic agents in an isolated perfused rat lung model.

METHODS:
After achieving steady state lung perfusion, sustained bronchoconstriction was induced by acetylcholine (ACh). Isolated rat lungs were then randomly allocated to 6 groups treated with either saline vehicle (n = 8) or incremental concentrations of inotropes (adrenaline, n = 8; dopamine, n = 7; dobutamine, n = 7; milrinone, n = 8; or levosimendan, n = 6) added to the whole-blood perfusate. Airway resistance (Raw), lung tissue damping (G), and elastance were measured under baseline conditions, during steady-state ACh-induced constriction and for each inotrope dose.

RESULTS:
No change in Raw was observed after addition of the saline vehicle. Raw was significantly lower after addition of dopamine (maximum difference [95% CI] of 29 [12–46]% relative to the saline control, P = .004), levosimendan (58 [39–77]%, P < .001), and adrenaline (37 [21–53]%, P < .001), whereas no significant differences were observed at any dose of milrinone (5 [−12 to 22]%) and dobutamine (4 [−13 to 21]%). Lung tissue damping (G) was lower in animals receiving the highest doses of adrenaline (difference: 22 [7–37]%, P = .015), dobutamine (20 [5–35]%, P = .024), milrinone (20 [6–34]%, P = .026), and levosimendan (36 [19–53]%, P < .001) than in controls.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although dobutamine and milrinone did not reduce cholinergic bronchoconstriction, they reversed the ACh-induced elevations in lung tissue resistance. In contrast, adrenaline, dopamine, and levosimendan exhibited both potent bronchodilatory action against ACh and diminished lung tissue damping. Further work is needed to determine whether these effects are clinically relevant in humans.
Fe-S cluster coordination of the chromokinesin KIF4A alters its subcellular localization during mitosis
Authors: Ben-Shimon Lilach , Paul Viktoria D. , David-Kadoch Galit , Volpe Marina , Stümpfig Martin , Bill Eckhard , Mühlenhoff Ulrich , Lill Roland , Ben-Aroya Shay 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Fe-S clusters act as co-factors of proteins with diverse functions, for example, in DNA repair. Downregulation of the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) machinery promotes genomic instability through the inactivation of multiple DNA repair pathways. Furthermore, CIA deficiencies are associated with so far unexplained mitotic defects. Here, we show that CIA2B (also known as FAM96B) and MMS19, constituents of the CIA targeting complex involved in facilitating Fe-S cluster insertion into cytosolic and nuclear target proteins, colocalize with components of the mitotic machinery. Downregulation of CIA2B and MMS19 impairs the mitotic cycle. We identify the chromokinesin KIF4A as a mitotic component involved in these effects. KIF4A binds a Fe-S cluster in vitro through its conserved cysteine-rich domain. We demonstrate in vivo that this domain is required for the mitosis-related KIF4A localization and for the mitotic defects associated with KIF4A knockout. KIF4A is the first identified mitotic component carrying such a post-translational modification. These findings suggest that the lack of Fe-S clusters in KIF4A upon downregulation of the CIA targeting complex contributes to the mitotic defects.