bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community-level responses to domestic violence and abuse
Authors: Grant Peter , Marshall Amanda 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter explains the nature and cause of domestic abuse and sexual violence including female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and summarizes the latest research. It describes ways of engaging men and other perpetrators. The chapter debunks common myths around the topic and gives examples of specific situations. It discusses how to raise awareness at community level to prevent domestic abuse and the principle of ‘do no harm’. The chapter outlines practical steps to implement community-level responses to violence and abuse. It teaches how community members can be informed and aware of local services, some legal backgrounds, and ways of responding appropriately to victims and survivors. It describes ways to pursue justice and reconciliation, including holding to account those in authority, including people of influence, e.g. faith leaders. The chapter elaborates on dealing with specific forms of abuse.
Effect of lensing magnification on type Ia supernova cosmology
Authors: Sakakibara Hinako , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Oguri Masamune , Tanaka Masayuki , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Wong Kenneth C 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Effect of gravitational magnification on the measurement of distance modulus of type Ia supernovae is presented. We investigate a correlation between magnification and Hubble residual to explore how the magnification affects the estimation of cosmological parameters. We estimate magnification of type Ia supernovae in two distinct methods: one is based on convergence mass reconstruction under the weak lensing limit and the other is based on the direct measurement from galaxies distribution. Both magnification measurements are measured from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey catalogue. For both measurements, we find no significant correlation between Hubble residual and magnification. Furthermore, we correct for the apparent supernovae fluxes obtained by Supernova Legacy Survey 3-yr sample using direct measurement of the magnification. We find $\Omega _{\rm m0}= 0.282 ^{+0.109} _{-0.086}$ and $w = -1.132 ^{+0.571}_{-0.340}$ for supernovae samples corrected for lensing magnification when we use photometric redshift catalogue of Mizuki, while $\Omega _{\rm m0}= 0.267 ^{+0.114} _{-0.088}$ and $w = -1.074 ^{+0.504} _{-0.312}$ for DEmP photo-z catalogue. Therefore, we conclude that the effect of magnification on the supernova cosmology is negligibly small for the current surveys; however, it has to be considered for the future supernova survey like LSST.
The COSMOS-UltraVISTA stellar-to-halo mass relationship: new insights on galaxy formation efficiency out to z ∼ 5
Authors: Legrand L , McCracken H J , Davidzon I , Ilbert O , Coupon J , Aghanim N , Douspis M , Capak P L , Le Fèvre O , Milvang-Jensen B 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Using precise galaxy stellar mass function measurements in the COSMOS field we determine the stellar-to-halo mass relationship (SHMR) using a parametric abundance matching technique. The unique combination of size and highly complete stellar mass estimates in COSMOS allows us to determine the SHMR over a wide range of halo masses from z ∼ 0.2 to 5. At z ∼ 0.2, the ratio of stellar-to-halo mass content peaks at a characteristic halo mass Mh = 1012M⊙ and declines at higher and lower halo masses. This characteristic halo mass increases with redshift reaching Mh = 1012.5M⊙ at z ∼ 2.3 and remaining flat up to z = 4. We considered the principal sources of uncertainty in our stellar mass measurements and also the variation in halo mass estimates in the literature. We show that our results are robust to these sources of uncertainty and explore likely explanation for differences between our results and those published in the literature. The steady increase in characteristic halo mass with redshift points to a scenario where cold gas inflows become progressively more important in driving star formation at high redshifts, but larger samples of massive galaxies are needed to rigorously test this hypothesis.
Structural basis for preferential binding of human TCF4 to DNA containing 5-carboxylcytosine
Authors: Yang Jie , Horton John R , Li Jia , Huang Yun , Zhang Xing , Blumenthal Robert M , Cheng Xiaodong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The psychiatric risk-associated transcription factor 4 (TCF4) is linked to schizophrenia. Rare TCF4 coding variants are found in individuals with Pitt-Hopkins syndrome—an intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. TCF4 contains a C-terminal basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA binding domain which recognizes the enhancer-box (E-box) element 5′-CANNTG-3′ (where N = any nucleotide). A subset of the TCF4-occupancy sites have the expanded consensus binding specificity 5′-C(A/G)-CANNTG-3′, with an added outer Cp(A/G) dinucleotide; for example in the promoter for CNIH3, a gene involved in opioid dependence. In mammalian genomes, particularly brain, the CpG and CpA dinucleotides can be methylated at the 5-position of cytosine (5mC), and then may undergo successive oxidations to the 5-hydroxymethyl (5hmC), 5-formyl (5fC), and 5-carboxyl (5caC) forms. We find that, in the context of 5′-0CG-1CA-2CG-3TG-3′(where the numbers indicate successive dinucleotides), modification of the central E-box 2CG has very little effect on TCF4 binding, E-box 1CA modification has a negative influence on binding, while modification of the flanking 0CG, particularly carboxylation, has a strong positive impact on TCF4 binding to DNA. Crystallization of TCF4 in complex with unmodified or 5caC-modified oligonucleotides revealed that the basic region of bHLH domain adopts multiple conformations, including an extended loop going through the DNA minor groove, or the N-terminal portion of a long helix binding in the DNA major groove. The different protein conformations enable arginine 576 (R576) to interact, respectively, with a thymine in the minor groove, a phosphate group of DNA backbone, or 5caC in the major groove. The Pitt-Hopkins syndrome mutations affect five arginine residues in the basic region, two of them (R569 and R576) involved in 5caC recognition. Our analyses indicate, and suggest a structural basis for, the preferential recognition of 5caC by a transcription factor centrally important in brain development.
Geneshot: search engine for ranking genes from arbitrary text queries
Authors: Lachmann Alexander , Schilder Brian M , Wojciechowicz Megan L , Torre Denis , Kuleshov Maxim V , Keenan Alexandra B , Ma’ayan Avi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The frequency by which genes are studied correlates with the prior knowledge accumulated about them. This leads to an imbalance in research attention where some genes are highly investigated while others are ignored. Geneshot is a search engine developed to illuminate this gap and to promote attention to the under-studied genome. Through a simple web interface, Geneshot enables researchers to enter arbitrary search terms, to receive ranked lists of genes relevant to the search terms. Returned ranked gene lists contain genes that were previously published in association with the search terms, as well as genes predicted to be associated with the terms based on data integration from multiple sources. The search results are presented with interactive visualizations. To predict gene function, Geneshot utilizes gene–gene similarity matrices from processed RNA-seq data, or from gene–gene co-occurrence data obtained from multiple sources. In addition, Geneshot can be used to analyze the novelty of gene sets and augment gene sets with additional relevant genes. The Geneshot web-server and API are freely and openly available from https://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/geneshot.
HawkDock: a web server to predict and analyze the protein–protein complex based on computational docking and MM/GBSA
Authors: Weng Gaoqi , Wang Ercheng , Wang Zhe , Liu Hui , Zhu Feng , Li Dan , Hou Tingjun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProtein–protein interactions (PPIs) play an important role in the different functions of cells, but accurate prediction of the three-dimensional structures for PPIs is still a notoriously difficult task. In this study, HawkDock, a free and open accessed web server, was developed to predict and analyze the structures of PPIs. In the HawkDock server, the ATTRACT docking algorithm, the HawkRank scoring function developed in our group and the MM/GBSA free energy decomposition analysis were seamlessly integrated into a multi-functional platform. The structures of PPIs were predicted by combining the ATTRACT docking and the HawkRank re-scoring, and the key residues for PPIs were highlighted by the MM/GBSA free energy decomposition. The molecular visualization was supported by 3Dmol.js. For the structural modeling of PPIs, HawkDock could achieve a better performance than ZDOCK 3.0.2 in the benchmark testing. For the prediction of key residues, the important residues that play an essential role in PPIs could be identified in the top 10 residues for ∼81.4% predicted models and ∼95.4% crystal structures in the benchmark dataset. To sum up, the HawkDock server is a powerful tool to predict the binding structures and identify the key residues of PPIs. The HawkDock server is accessible free of charge at http://cadd.zju.edu.cn/hawkdock/.
Probiotics for paediatric functional abdominal pain disorders: A rapid review
Authors: Ding Fang Chao Linda , Karkhaneh Mohammad , Zorzela Liliane , Jou Hsing , Vohra Sunita 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) are prevalent in the paediatric population, however, there is currently no consensus regarding best practices for treatment. The use of probiotics is becoming popular to treat FAPD. The goal of this rapid review is to synthesize the best evidence on the use of probiotics in children with FAPD.

Methods
Searches were conducted on five main databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of probiotic use in children (0 to 18 years) with FAPD were searched. Populations of interest were patients with functional abdominal pain (FAP), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and functional dyspepsia (FD), recruited based on Rome criteria. Outcomes of interest were changes in abdominal pain severity, frequency, and duration.

Findings
Eleven RCTs with 829 participants with the diagnosis of FAP (n=400), IBS (n=329), FD (n=45), and mixed population (n=55) were included. Of six studies of children with FAP, two (n=103) used Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and reported no significant effects on pain, and four (n=281) used Lactobacillus (L) reuteri DSM 17938, of which three (n=229) reported significant positive effects on either severity or frequency of pain. Of six trials of children with IBS, four (n=219) used LGG, of which three (n=168) reported a positive effect. One (n=48) used bifidobacteria and one used VSL #3 (n=59), both demonstrating positive effects with probiotics. Two studies of FD reported no benefit. No adverse events were attributed to probiotics.

Conclusions
There is preliminary evidence for use of probiotics, particularly LGG, in reducing abdominal pain in children with IBS. There are inconsistent positive effects of other probiotics, including L. reuteri DSM 17938, in reducing pain in patients with FAP, IBS, or FD. More RCTs with rigorous methodology using single or combination probiotics are warranted.
Networks of Networks? Toward an External Perspective on Whole Networks
Authors: Nowell Branda , Hano Mary Clare , Yang Zheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn light of the burgeoning literature in whole, goal-directed networks for managing wicked problems in public management, it is timely to examine the theoretical evolution that has both shaped and constrained our understanding of these networks. In this article, we argue that contemporary study of whole networks has been dominated by an internal theoretical lens aimed at understanding how internal characteristics influence network functioning and effectiveness. This perspective assumes networks operate in differentiated environments rather than emphasizing interdependence as part of a broader ecology—networks of networks. In this article, we draw from population ecology to introduce the concept of network domains and offer evidence drawn from a population of 60 health-oriented networks in three counties to illustrate domain level characteristics. Using an inductive mode of theorizing, we leverage insights from these domains to consider population dynamics and pose propositions for advancing a program of study into domain level characteristics that may shape and constrain whole networks and their members.
Factors related to condomless anal intercourse between men who have sex with men: results from a European bio-behavioural survey
Authors: Sherriff N S , Jones A M , Mirandola M , Gios L , Marcus U , Llewellyn C , Rosinska M , Folch C , Dias S , Toskin I , Alexiev I , Kühlmann-Berenzon S ,   Sialon II Network, Mirandola Massimo , Nöstlinger Christiana , Alexiev Ivailo , Marcus Ulrich , Suligoi Barbara , Caplinskas Saulius , Rosińska Magdalena , Dias Sónia Ferreira , Rafila Alexandru , Staneková Danica , Klavs Irena , Folch Cinta , Velicko Inga , Toskin Igor , Sherriff Nigel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Relationship status is an important factor associated with condomless anal intercourse (CAI) amongst men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods
A multi-centre bio-behavioural survey with MSM was conducted in 13 European cities (n = 4901) exploring factors associated with CAI via bivariate and multivariate multilevel logistic regression analyses.

Results
Likelihood of CAI with casual partners was associated with being ‘out’ to a majority (AOR = 1.19;95% CI 1,1.42); knowing their HIV status (AOR = 1.86; 95% CI 1.25,2.76); using substances (1–2 AOR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.16,1.63, 2+ AOR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.35,2.42); being older (AOR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97,0.99); successful sero-communication (AOR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.67,0.94); and, not having a recent HIV test (AOR = 0.78; 95% CI 0.66,0.92). CAI with steady partners was associated with successful sero-communication (AOR = 2.72; 95% CI 2.72,3.66); not having a recent HIV test (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.09,1.46), and; being older (AOR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.98,0.99).

Conclusions
Understandings of partner type and/or relationship status in relation to CAI amongst MSM can potentially play an important role in the development of culturally appropriate HIV/STI prevention and risk-reduction efforts targeting at-risk MSM. Our results speak to the need to consider segmented and tailored public health and health promotion initiatives for MSM with differing CAI behaviours and relationship profiles.
In the name of competitiveness: a discursive institutionalist analysis of the EU’s approach to labour market structural reform, 2007–2016
Authors: Miró Joan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article explores the evolving interplay between different discourses on competitiveness, on the one hand, and different approaches to labour market reform on the other, all in the context of the European Union policymaking during the last decade (2007–2016). It asks how the idea of competitiveness has been used in EU policymaking in order to legitimize reforms in labour markets. Theoretically, the article builds on the discursive turn in institutional research. Methodologically, it applies a clause-based semantic text analysis of the Council’s country-specific recommendations on labour market policy issued to a selection of 10 Eurozone Member States. By developing this temporal comparative analysis, the article seeks to trace the potential impact of the euro crisis on the uses of the idea of competitiveness in labour market policy. The resulting analysis sheds light on the institutionally embedded perception of international competitiveness that prioritizes the cost-based (rather than quality-based) elements of the notion.
Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular function in Nigerian children with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Peter Igoche D , Asani Mustafa O , Abdullahi Shehu U , Aliyu Ibrahim , Obaro Stephen K , Bode-Thomas Fidelia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a complication of sickle cell anaemia (SCA), results in considerable morbidity. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associations of echocardiography-suggested PH in children with SCA.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional comparative study involving 100 systematically sampled SCA subjects 3–14 y of age in their steady state with matched haemoglobin AA phenotype controls. Clinical, laboratory and echocardiography data (including tricuspid regurgitation velocity [TRV], mean pulmonary arterial pressure [mPAP] and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE]) were obtained from all patients. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Of the 100 SCA subjects studied, 22 (22%) had echocardiographic findings suggestive of PH compared with none in the controls. The median TAPSE was significantly lower in the PH group (2.55 cm [interquartile range {IQR} 2.2–2.8]) compared with the no PH group (2.77 cm [IQR 2.4–3.2]) (p=0.03). No significant correlation existed between mPAP and age, nor any laboratory parameters studied. The odds ratio (OR) suggested PH significantly increased with an increase in the frequency of hospitalizations for vaso-occlusive crises within a 12-month period (OR 15.15 [95% CI 1.57 to 146.35], p=0.02) and a lifetime history of blood transfusion (OR 5.44 [95% CI 1.09 to 27.24], p=0.04).

Conclusions
Echocardiography-suggested PH is common in children with SCA and is associated with poorer right ventricular function, frequent vaso-occlusive crises and blood transfusions.
Evaluation and current treatments for urinary incontinence
Authors: Hooper Gwendolyn L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:
Although aging and urinary incontinence are often associated, urinary incontinence is not a normal part of aging. As the population ages, the challenge of urinary incontinence will place a greater demand on the healthcare system. NPs can effectively direct treatments to mitigate the symptoms of urinary incontinence, improving patient quality of life.
On-site Observational Learning in Faculty Development: Impact of an International Program on Clinical Teaching in Medicine
Authors: Saiki Takuya , Imafuku Rintaro , Pickering Joyce , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Steinert Yvonne 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:
Local faculty development programs may not suffice for physicians to learn about global standards in clinical teaching. This report describes the evaluation of a 1-week international faculty development program in Canada, incorporating on-site observations of clinical teaching with guided reflection, for Japanese clinical teachers. Participants' perceptions of learning processes and outcomes are described.

Methods:
Twenty-nine Japanese clinical teachers from 9 different teaching hospitals located in the Gifu province participated in this program from 2014 to 2017. The program evaluation consisted of end-of-program reflection reports and semistructured interviews conducted 3 months after the visit, which were thematically analyzed.

Results:
Three themes related to learning processes emerged: the benefits of observing clinical teaching in a familiar specialty but unfamiliar context; the value of reflection in linking previous experiences with observations; and the role of group interaction and verbalization in creating a sense of community. Three additional themes related to learning outcomes emerged: enhanced knowledge about teaching, with a renewed emphasis on the value of learner respect and trust; increased confidence in teaching competence; and a sense of frustration related to difficulty in changing the status quo.

Discussion:
An international faculty development program incorporating on-site observational learning in hospital settings with guided reflections can be effective in learning about clinical teaching; follow-up activities in the home country are also recommended. The key elements of this program, including international experiences, on-site observational learning, and guided reflections, should be considered more frequently in faculty development programs in medicine.
Application of Health Psychology: Development of a Practitioner Training Intervention in Anaphylaxis
Authors: Walklet Elaine , Mahoney Béré , Bradley Eleanor , O'Hickey Steve 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:
Adrenaline autoinjectors (AAIs) improve outcomes and reduce fatalities in patients with anaphylaxis, but many patients neither carry them nor know how to use them. Practitioner training in evidence-based strategies designed to increase patient adherence could improve the likelihood of AAI adherence and increase confidence among practitioners to initiate discussions about practical and perceptual barriers to AAI adherence. This article reports the development of a new practitioner training intervention, grounded in health psychology theory and evidence designed for practitioners in contact with patients with anaphylaxis to encourage adherence to AAIs. Potential implications for the design, implementation, and evaluation of future practitioner training in strategies they can use to encourage anaphylaxis patients' AAI adherence are discussed. Although designed for those working with anaphylaxis patients, this step-by-step process to encouraging adherence could be adapted for practitioners working with patients living with other long-term conditions.
Minority Physician Assistant Faculty: A Phenomenological Assessment of Factors Leading to Retention in the Faculty Role
Authors: LeLacheur Susan F. , Bester Vanessa , Oxendine Lisa Huggins , Guidry Carolyn Bradley , Ryujin Darin , Samuels Kenya , Maldonado Ana , Bowen Denise , Himmerick Kristine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Improving racial and ethnic diversity in the physician assistant (PA) profession is important to providing better care for underserved communities. The recruitment and retention of minority PA faculty is one aspect of helping to attract and retain a more diverse student body. Previous research has indicated that minority status is associated with the increased attrition of PA faculty but has not provided insight into the specific factors involved in the retention or attrition of minority PA faculty. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to describe the experience of minority PA faculty through a critical race theory lens. We used a phenomenological approach using structured interviews of minority PA faculty. Better understanding of the experience of minority PA faculty might lead to improved efforts at recruiting and supporting a more diverse faculty workforce. We conducted 13 interviews of PA faculty representing a variety of underrepresented minorities, geographic regions, types of schools, and stages of their careers. Major themes that emerged across the participants' experiences included opportunities for success in the form of both internal and external support systems and mentorship. As a corollary, barriers to the retention of minority PA faculty including a lack of institutional support, gaps in mentorship, and lack of a solid support network were cited.