bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Włodarczyk Matylda , Taavitsainen Irma 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis introductory paper defines the present state of the art of historical (socio)pragmatics. We single out interactional and social foci as the most important, and we briefly characterise some more narrowly defined perspectives. These involve a politeness-related view that relies on relational practice with dynamic negotiations and the context-based approach to language use in time and space with its situational and cultural constraints. Next, the paper discusses the research questions addressed in this Special Issue. The papers cover diachronic changes in rhetorical and sociocultural modes of communication, whether and how irony and sarcasm can be detected in different historical periods, how metadiscourse reveals politeness strategies and intercultural transfer, what disruptive institutional activity types occur and what their cognitive underpinnings are, how ephemeral texts have been used in social and political conflict, how meaning-making practices work on the macro level of genres, and how literacy skills are reflected in correspondence with a connection to genre models. Overall, this introduction aims to set the scene for current historical (socio)pragmatics. We show its interdisciplinarity and methodologically eclectic research ground, and how it may develop in relation to, and feed into, the neighbouring fields of linguistics and the humanities in general.
Instability of word reading errors of typical and poor readers
Authors: Steenbeek-Planting Esther G. , van Bon Wim H. J. , Schreuder Robert 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We examined the instability of reading errors, that is whether a child reads the same word sometimes correctly and sometimes incorrectly, and whether typical readers differ in their instability from poor readers. With an interval of a few days, Dutch CVC words were read twice by typically developing first and second graders and reading-level matched poor readers. Error instability was considerable and second graders produced more unstable errors than first graders. Poor readers did not differ from typical readers, suggesting a developmental lag for poor readers. Of the word characteristics studied, frequency was the strongest predictor: the higher word frequency, the higher error instability. Our study indicates that error instability can be considered as an indicator of the transition from incompetence to reading competence.
Loss of Sirt3 accelerates arterial thrombosis by increasing formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and plasma tissue factor activity
Authors: Gaul Daniel S , Weber Julien , van Tits Lambertus J , Sluka Susanna , Pasterk Lisa , Reiner Martin F , Calatayud Natacha , Lohmann Christine , Klingenberg Roland , Pahla Jürgen , Vdovenko Daria , Tanner Felix C , Camici Giovanni G , Eriksson Urs , Auwerx Johan , Mach François , Windecker Stephan , Rodondi Nicolas , Lüscher Thomas F , Winnik Stephan , Matter Christian M 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsSirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is a mitochondrial, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase that reduces oxidative stress by activation of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Oxidative stress enhances arterial thrombosis. This study investigated the effects of genetic Sirt3 deletion on arterial thrombosis in mice in an inflammatory setting and assessed the clinical relevance of these findings in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods and resultsUsing a laser-induced carotid thrombosis model with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, in vivo time to thrombotic occlusion in Sirt3−/− mice (n = 6) was reduced by half compared to Sirt3+/+ wild-type (n = 8, P < 0.01) controls. Ex vivo analyses of whole blood using rotational thromboelastometry revealed accelerated clot formation and increased clot stability in Sirt3−/− compared to wild-type blood. rotational thromboelastometry of cell-depleted plasma showed accelerated clotting initiation in Sirt3−/− mice, whereas overall clot formation and firmness remained unaffected. Ex vivo LPS-induced neutrophil extracellular trap formation was increased in Sirt3−/− bone marrow-derived neutrophils. Plasma tissue factor (TF) levels and activity were elevated in Sirt3−/− mice, whereas plasma levels of other coagulation factors and TF expression in arterial walls remained unchanged. SOD2 expression in bone marrow -derived Sirt3−/− neutrophils was reduced. In STEMI patients, transcriptional levels of Sirt3 and its target SOD2 were lower in CD14+ leukocytes compared with healthy donors (n = 10 each, P < 0.01).ConclusionsSirt3 loss-of-function enhances experimental thrombosis in vivo via an increase of neutrophil extracellular traps and elevation of TF suggesting thrombo-protective effects of endogenous Sirt3. Acute coronary thrombosis in STEMI patients is associated with lower expression levels of SIRT3 and SOD2 in CD14+ leukocytes. Therefore, enhancing SIRT3 activity by pan-sirtuin activating NAD+-boosters may provide a novel therapeutic target to prevent or treat thrombotic arterial occlusion in myocardial infarction or stroke.
The epidemiological concept of population
Authors: Bhopal Raj S. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Epidemiology is a population science in several senses. First, it studies populations’ disease patterns, which are hugely influenced by the interaction of individuals living in communities. Secondly, it depends heavily upon demographic population data to achieve its goals. Thirdly, its findings are drawn from, and applied to, groups (or populations) of people. One critical yet that the causes of disease in individuals is not synonymous with the causes of disease in populations. This has implications for epidemiology and its application to public health. Populations are dynamic, changing in age structure, ethnic composition, and behaviours. Epidemiology needs to work within the context of demographic and epidemiological transitions as societies change. One prime purpose of epidemiology is applying findings in health promotion, health care, and health policy to improve the health of populations. The focus on population in epidemiology distinguishes it from other medical sciences.
Policing Non-Violent Crowds: Lessons from Kumbh Mela in India
Authors: Verma Arvind , Varma Vinayak 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Crowd control by police has been generally studied in the context of violence involving protestors and demonstrators. However, nonviolent crowds also pose equal challenges for the police. Major sporting events, musical festivals, religious and political celebrations attract large crowds that need sensitive policing. Nevertheless, policing tactics for the two situations are generally similar. Research on public order policing has relevance and lessons for policing of large non-violent crowds too. This paper presents a case study of police management of Ujjain Kumbh Mela, which attracts millions at one place for a religious ritual. We analyze characteristics of the crowd and strategies adopted by the police based upon extensive field data of the recent event of 2016. This study suggests that the Indian police, unaware of the research on public order policing followed many of the lessons reported in public order policing in western societies. We contend that experience and practice counts, but by institutionalizing research as part of its organization the Indian police could enhance it capabilities to handle serious challenges that confront it on a daily basis. Lessons for handling non-violent crowds in democratic societies are also drawn.
Advancing Psychologically Informed Practice for Patients With Persistent Musculoskeletal Pain: Promise, Pitfalls, and Solutions
Authors: Keefe Francis J , Main Chris J , George Steven Z 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
There has been growing interest in psychologically oriented pain management over the past 3 to 4 decades, including a 2011 description of psychologically informed practice (PIP) for low back pain. PIP requires a broader focus than traditional biomechanical and pathology-based approaches that have been traditionally used to manage musculoskeletal pain. A major focus of PIP is addressing the behavioral aspects of pain (ie, peoples’ responses to pain) by identifying individual expectations, beliefs, and feelings as prognostic factors for clinical and occupational outcomes indicating progression to chronicity. Since 2011, the interest in PIP seems to be growing, as evidenced by its use in large trials, inclusion in scientific conferences, increasing evidence base, and expansion to other musculoskeletal pain conditions. Primary care physicians and physical therapists have delivered PIP as part of a stratified care approach involving screening and targeting of treatment for people at high risk for continued pain-associated disability. Furthermore, PIP is consistent with recent national priorities emphasizing nonpharmacological pain management options. In this perspective, PIP techniques that range in complexity are described, considerations for implementation in clinical practice are offered, and future directions that will advance the understanding of PIP are outlined.
Validation of a Reversed-Phase Ultra–High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method With Photodiode Array Detection for the Determination of Voriconazole in Human Serum and Its Application to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Bressán Ignacio G. , Mendez Mariana L. , Gimenez María I. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent. It is widely used in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Because the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole demonstrates considerable variability, monitoring its serum levels plays an important role in optimizing therapies against many clinically relevant fungal pathogens. The aim of this study was to validate a simple and rapid U-HPLC-PDA method with minimal sample preparation for routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of voriconazole.

Methods:
After protein precipitation with the internal standard solution (posaconazole 5.0 mg/L in acetonitrile), chromatographic separation was performed in 4 minutes using water and acetonitrile as mobile phases and an Acquity UPLC BEH HSS C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm). The temperature was set at 45°C and the flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. Photodiode array detection at 256 nm was used as detection system. The method was validated according international guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, lower limit of quantitation, carry over, and stability under different conditions.

Results:
All performance parameters were within acceptance criteria, demonstrating that the validated method is fit for purpose. After assay validation, 115 serum samples collected from 41 patients were analyzed to report the experience of the laboratory in TDM of voriconazole. Results showed a large variability in voriconazole trough levels, suggesting that this drug should be frequently measured in patients under treatment to enhance therapies efficacy and improve safety.

Conclusions:
In this study, a reproducible U-HPLC-PDA assay with a short analysis time, requiring only a small amount of serum, good accuracy and reproducibility was validated, which is suitable for routine TDM of voriconazole in serum.
Patient-reported Outcomes after ADM-assisted Implant-based Breast Reconstruction: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Negenborn Vera L. , Dikmans Rieky E. G. , Bouman Mark-Bram , Wilschut Janneke A. , Mullender Margriet G. , Salzberg C. Andrew 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Although the use of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) in implant-based reconstruction increases, there is a lack of studies evaluating patient-reported outcome measures after this reconstruction method. We aim to evaluate the patient satisfaction after ADM-assisted implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) in 1 of the largest series of patients undergoing ADM-assisted IBBR.

Methods:
Patients with ADM-assisted IBBR were invited to fill out the BREAST-Q, a validated and standardized questionnaire to measure patient satisfaction after a breast reconstruction. A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patient and surgical characteristics.

Results:
In total, 208 patients (38.4%) responded and reported a mean satisfaction of 70.6 ± 20.2 with their breasts and 78.0 ± 20.5 with the outcome. An overall complication rate of 7.7% was noted, with 1.5% severe complications leading to hospital readmission (0.5%) and implant removal (0.5%). Patients with complications and unilateral reconstruction for oncological reasons reported overall less satisfaction rates compared with patients with bilateral, preventive surgery, and an uncomplicated postoperative course. Strongly related domains indicate the importance of patient satisfaction with their breasts and outcome on psychosocial and sexual functioning and satisfaction with information on satisfaction with breasts, outcome, and surgeon.

Conclusion:
There is an increased demand for patient-reported outcome measures in a changing practice to which the opinion of the patient assumes a larger role. With high satisfaction rates, ADM-assisted IBBR is a valuable reconstruction method, provided that complication rates remain low. Hence, it should only be performed in a selected group of women.
Cost-related Nonadherence to Medication Treatment Plans
Authors: McElfish Pearl A. , Long Christopher R. , Payakachat Nalin , Felix Holly , Bursac Zoran , Rowland Brett , Hudson Jonell S. , Narcisse Marie-Rachelle 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Adherence to medication treatment plans is important for chronic disease (CD) management. Cost-related nonadherence (CRN) puts patients at risk for complications. Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) suffer from high rates of CD and socioeconomic disparities that could increase CRN behaviors.

Objective:
Examine factors related to CRN to medication treatment plans within an understudied population.

Research Design:
Using 2014 NHPI-National Health Interview Survey data, we examined CRN among a nationally representative sample of NHPI adults. Bonferroni-adjusted Wald test and multivariable logistic regression were performed to examine associations among financial burden-related factors, CD status, and CRN.

Results:
Across CD status, NHPI engaged in CRN behaviors had, on an average, increased levels of perceived financial stress, financial insecurity with health care, and food insecurity compared with adults in the total NHPI population. Regression analysis indicated perceived financial stress [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.16; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.10–1.22], financial insecurity with health care (AOR=1.96; 95% CI, 1.32–2.90), and food insecurity (AOR=1.30; 95% CI, 1.06–1.61) all increase the odds of CRN among those with CD. We also found significant associations between perceived financial stress (AOR=1.15; 95% CI, 1.09–1.20), financial insecurity with health care (AOR=1.59; 95% CI, 1.19–2.12), and food insecurity (AOR=1.31; 95% CI, 1.04–1.65) and request for lower cost medication.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated health-related and non–health-related financial burdens can influence CRN behaviors. It is important for health care providers to collect and use data about the social determinants of health to better inform their conversations about medication adherence and prevent CRN.
Can Diagnostic and Therapeutic Arthrocentesis Be Successfully Performed in the Flexed Knee?
Authors: Yaqub Sabeen , Sibbitt Wilmer L. , Band Philip A. , Bennett James F. , Emil N. Suzanne , Fangtham Monthida , Fields Roderick A. , Hayward William A. , Kettwich Scarlett K. , Roldan Luis P. , Bankhurst Arthur D. 
Published: February 2018

Background/Objective
The objective of this study was to determine whether the extended or flexed knee positioning was superior for arthrocentesis and whether the flexed knee positioning could be improved by mechanical compression.

Methods
Fifty-five clinically effusive knees underwent arthrocentesis in a quality improvement intervention: 20 consecutive knees in the extended knee position using the superolateral approach, followed by 35 consecutive knees in the flexed knee position with and without an external compression brace placed on the suprapatellar bursa. Arthrocentesis success and fluid yield in milliliters were measured.

Results
Fluid yield for the extended knee was greater (191% greater) than the flexed knee (extended knee, 16.9 ± 15.7 mL; flexed knee, 5.8 ± 6.3 mL; P < 0.007). Successful diagnostic arthrocentesis (≥2 mL) was 95% (19/20) in the extended knee and 77% (27/35) in the flexed knee (P = 0.08). After mechanical compression was applied to the suprapatellar bursa and patellofemoral joint of the flexed knee, fluid yields were essentially identical (extended knee, 16.9 ± 15.7 mL; flexed knee, 16.7 ± 11.3 mL; P = 0.73), as were successful diagnostic arthrocentesis (≥2 mL) (extended knee 95% vs. flexed knee 100%, P = 0.12).

Conclusions
The extended knee superolateral approach is superior to the flexed knee for conventional arthrocentesis; however, the extended knee positioning and flexed knee positioning have identical arthrocentesis success when mechanical compression is applied to the superior knee. This new flexed knee technique for arthrocentesis is a useful alternative for patients who are in wheelchairs, have flexion contractures, cannot be supine, or cannot otherwise extend their knee.
Crocin Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Regulation of miR-34a/Sirt1/Nrf2 Pathway
Authors: Wang Xiaowu , Yuan Binbin , Cheng Biao , Liu Ying , Zhang Ben , Wang Xianyue , Lin Xi , Yang Bo , Gong Gu 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Crocin could protect myocardial cells against I/R injury and suppress ER stress. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of crocin related to ER stress in myocardial I/R injury. We found crocin alleviated I/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis both in I/R-induced primary cardiomyocytes and in mouse models. The expression of Bax, active caspase 3, glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (GRP78), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) induced by I/R injury was reduced, whereas Bcl-2 expression was enhanced by crocin, the effect of which was abrogated by ER stress activator thapsigargin treatment. Crocin decreased miR-34a expression, whereas it increased Sirt1, Nrf2, and HO-1 levels, in I/R-induced cardiomyocytes. miR-34a overexpression reduced the expression of Sirt1, Nrf2, and HO-1; in contrast, the suppression of miR-34a upregulated their expression. Sirt1 blocker nicotinamide and Nrf2 siRNA restrained the levels of GRP78, CHOP, Bax, and active caspase 3. The levels of apoptosis- and ER stress-related proteins, and the expression of miR-34a, Sirt1, Nrf2, and HO-1 in I/R-induced mouse models were consistent with those in vitro. In addition, I/R-induced left ventricular dysfunction and infarct were attenuated by crocin in mice. In conclusion, crocin attenuates I/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via suppressing ER stress, which is regulated by the miR-34a/Sirt1/Nrf2 pathway.
Participatory action research (PAR) research: critical methodological considerations
Authors: Livingston Wulf , Perkins Andrew 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore a range of key deliberations with regards to adopting participatory action research (PAR) and privileged access interviewer (PAI) approaches and methodologies within research on substance use.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a reflective piece; it adopts a mixture of applied practice and theory considerations. These conceptualisations capture what are still relatively early understandings and uses of such methodologies, acquired across several decades of research and service provision experiences. The paper is structured around some of the sequences of the research process and as such provides a broad framework for such approaches.FindingsPAR and PAI approaches utilise several key theoretical considerations. There are many critical issues associated with adopting these approaches, including those of ethics, funding, involvement, language, resources and support. Three key principle reasons (moral, political and research based) help explain why the authors should see more adoption of such approaches in substance use-related research.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper represents authors’ views which are by their nature very subjective.Practical implicationsImplementation of the key considerations highlighted within this paper can lead to an active adoption of PAR and PAI methodologies within alcohol and drug research. Increasing the use of such methodologies will allow commissioners, researchers and service providers to develop a more nuanced understanding of the experiences of and responses to alcohol and drug use.Originality/valueThis paper captures critical conversations at a time of increased calls for service user involvement across all aspects of alcohol and other drug provision, including evaluation and research
The role of salesperson brand selling confidence in enhancing important sales management outcomes: a social identity approach
Authors: Gammoh Bashar S. , Mallin Michael L. , Pullins Ellen Bolman , Johnson Catherine M. 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to address the gap in understanding how the brand influences sales outcomes by focusing one’s attention on the salesperson perceptions of the brand and the salesperson brand selling confidence.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a cross-section survey of professional salespeople. SmartPLS was used to estimate the measurement model and test the hypothesized path relationships.FindingsThe study’s results indicate that salespeople who believe in the strength of the brands they represent are more likely to identify with the brand, are more confident in selling the brand and, overall, tend to perform better, have higher job satisfaction and are more committed to their companies.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the sales literature by further exploring the relationship between the brand and sales function in the firm. This area has recently received academic attention but has not yet considered the mediating processes that connect the two areas. This study identifies perceptions of brand strength and brand selling confidence as mechanisms that mediate the impact of brand on sales outcomes.
Off the record: understanding the (latent) functions of documents in organizations
Authors: Langhof Antonia 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest the usage of an approach based on sociological systems theory for exploring the (latent) functions of documents in organizations. The focus lies on the reconstruction of organizational knowledge practices required for the competent production and use of documents.Design/methodology/approachThe argument is developed through a critical and integrating review of relevant literature as well as through the analysis of empirical data drawn from participant observation and ethnographic conversations in a multi-organizational, multi-site, and multi-event setting.FindingsThe essence of the paper is that a systems theoretical approach in the analysis of the production and use of documents in organizations yields new and startling insights into their (latent) functions for organizations compared to what document analysis and institutional ethnography can achieve.Originality/valueThe paper focuses on the contexts, situations, and the organizational knowledge practices necessary for the competent use of documents in organizations not on the document itself. Hence, it offers a more comprehensive understanding of the (latent) functions of documents for organizations compared to mere document analysis.