bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PVA/CNT/PPy Aerogels for Driving Water Evaporation Through both Photo‐Thermal and Electro‐Thermal Effects
Authors: Wang Min , Cheng Minhan , Chen Chuanliang , Fu Qiang , Deng Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial water evaporation technology is considered as a promising clean water production strategy addressing the issues of global water pollution and scarcity. In this study, highly efficient polyvinyl alcohol/carbon nanotube/polypyrrole (PVA/CNT/PPy) aerogel evaporator is fabricated by combining hydrophilic PVA aerogel with superior water absorption property and carbon‐based fillers with coupled photo‐thermal conversion effects. By regulating the pore structure of PVA aerogel, the capillary effect is enhanced, thereby optimizing the water transport rate. Based on the photo‐thermal effect, the evaporation rate of the evaporator under one standard solar irradiation (1 kW m−2) is 3.17 kg m−2 h−1. Additionally, after the input of electrical energy, the heat converted from light absorbed by carbon‐based material can promote the Joule heating effect, and the synergistic effect further increases the evaporation rate of the aerogel to 5.59 kg m−2 h−1 when subjected to one solar irradiation combined with a 5 V input voltage. This electro‐thermal assistance enables efficient water evaporation even in low‐light and dark conditions. Furthermore, the PVA/CNT/PPy aerogel evaporator demonstrates significant potential in terms of desalination performance and long‐term stability.
Machine‐Learned Modeling for Accelerating Organic Solvent Design in Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sukmas Wiwittawin , Qin Jiaqian , Chanajaree Rungroj 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOrganic solvents offer a promising avenue for enhancing metal‐ion battery performance, for instance, in suppressing dendritic formation. To expedite the discovery of optimal electrolyte formulations, this study integrates density functional theory calculations with machine learning to accurately predict binding energies between metal ions and organic solvents. Leveraging a vast dataset of over 300 organic molecules, an extra trees regressor model is developed and demonstrated to exhibit exceptional predictive capabilities. The model's performance is underscored by its high values on both validation and test sets. Key descriptors contributing to the model's accuracy include the number of valence electrons in the metal ion, the atomic number of the metal ion, and features associated with the van der Waals surface. By applying the trained model to a dataset of up to 20 000 unseen organic molecules, potential high‐performance electrolyte additives are identified. Notably, and emerge as promising candidates for Zn‐ion and Mg‐ion batteries, respectively, outperforming conventional additives. To gain deeper insights into the microscopic behaviour of these identified molecules, molecular dynamics simulations are conducted. This research establishes a robust in silico framework for accelerating the design of advanced metal‐ion batteries through the rational selection of organic solvents.
Ginkgetin Alleviates Inflammation and Senescence by Targeting STING
Authors: Liu Yadan , Ye Jialin , Fan Zisheng , Wu Xiaolong , Zhang Yinghui , Yang Ruirui , Jiang Bing , Wang Yajie , Wu Min , Zhou Jingyi , Meng Jingyi , Ge Zhiming , Zhou Guizhen , Zhu Yuan , Xiao Yichuan , Zheng Mingyue , Zhang Sulin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGinkgo biloba extract is reported to have therapeutic effects on aging‐related disorders. However, the specific component responsible for this biological function and its mechanism of action remain largely unknown. This study finds that Ginkgetin, an active ingredient of Ginkgo biloba extract, can alleviate cellular senescence and improve pathologies in multiple tissues of aging mice. To reveal the molecular mechanism of Ginkgetin's anti‐aging effect, a graph convolutional network‐based drug “on‐target” pathway prediction algorithm for prediction is employed. The results indicate that the cGAS‐STING pathway may be a potential target for Ginkgetin. Subsequent cell biological and biophysical data confirmed that Ginkgetin directly binds to the carboxy‐terminal domain of STING protein, thereby inhibiting STING activation and signal transduction. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacodynamic data showed that Ginkgetin effectively alleviates systemic inflammation in Trex1−/− mice and inhibits the abnormally activated STING signaling in aging mouse model. In summary, this study, utilizing an artificial intelligence algorithm combined with pharmacological methods, confirms STING serves as a critical target for Ginkgetin in alleviating inflammation and senescence. Importantly, this study elucidates the specific component and molecular mechanism underlying the anti‐aging effect of Ginkgo biloba extract, providing a robust theoretical basis for its therapeutic use.
High‐Entropy PdRhFeCoMo Metallene With High C1 Selectivity and Anti‐Poisoning Ability for Ethanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Tan Xiaohong , Wang Chenhui , Wang Jiarui , Wang Peng , Xiao Yuhang , Guo Yingying , Chen Jianpo , He Weidong , Li Yan , Cui Hao , Wang Chengxin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe urgent demand for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) with elevated C1 selectivity, robust anti‐poisoning capability, and high mass activity presents a formidable challenge. Herein, a novel two‐dimentional (2D) high‐entropy PdRhFeCoMo metallene (PdRhFeCoMo HEM) electrocatalyst is successfully synthesized via a mild one‐step solvothermal method. The PdRhFeCoMo HEM, characterized by intentionally designed multi‐metallic ensembles and ultra‐thin graphene‐like structures, delivers an impressive mass activity of 7.47 A mgPd+Rh−1 and specific activity of 25.5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, it can retain a mass activity of 0.56 A mgPd+Rh−1 after undergoing 20000 s of continuous testing, demonstrating outstanding resistance to poisoning. More significantly, the PdRhFeCoMo HEM demonstrates an elevated capacity for C─C bond cleavage with a superior C1 selectivity of up to 84.12%. In situ spectroscopy analysis, combined with theoretical calculations, reveals that the deliberate design of components and structures effectively regulate the electronic properties of the Pd site, thereby enhancing the adsorption of reactant and reducing the reaction barrier of the C1 pathway. Finally, a flexible solid‐state ethanol fuel cell assembled by PdRhFeCoMo HEM presents a maximum power density of 20.1 mW cm−2 and can operate continuously by repeatedly adding ethanol fuel.
Synthesis of Homochiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Based Nanosheets for Enhanced Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Wang Xinchao , Wang Zhiwen , Wang Zhaoxing , Liu Tian‐Fu , Li Shangda , Wang Fei , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUtilizing ultrathin 2D metal–organic framework nanosheets (2D MONs) as supports for incorporating chiral catalysts represents a highly promising avenue in the field of asymmetric catalysis. In this study, four pairs of isostructural chiral metal–organic layers (MOLs) adorned with N‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) groups are successfully synthesized. Notably, the obtained bulky (S)‐1‐Zn crystals can be readily delaminated into ultrathin MONs consisting of 1–2 layers through an ion intercalation‐assisted exfoliation process. Subsequent asymmetric catalysis studies revealed that the NHC sites can be effectively activated by a proton sponge while maintaining structural integrity for the subsequent benzoin condensation. Due to their well‐exposed catalytic sites, ultrathin morphology, and porous structure, the (S)‐1‐Zn nanosheets exhibited significantly enhanced yield and enantioselectivity compared to their bulk counterparts and organic precursors. This research highlights an efficient strategy for incorporating chiral NHC species onto 2D MONs, thereby unlocking their immense potential for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis.
Recent Advances in Smart Sensing Based on Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton‐Transfer (ESIPT)‐Inspired Emitters
Authors: Li Jing , Xu Bao‐Sen , Xinglong‐Zhang  , Zhao Le‐Le , Yi Shao‐Zhe , Li Bao‐Ning 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe optical materials based on excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) have garnered significant attention due to their unique photophysical properties and applications in sensors and imaging agents (probes). These materials exhibit an intrinsic four‐level photocycle scheme through the enol (E)‐keto (K) phototautomerization process, resulting in a large Stokes shift, environmental sensitivity, and potential for ratiometric sensing. This review primarily focuses on elucidating the luminescence mechanism and structure‐property relationships of recent ESIPT molecules, as well as exploring the sensing applications of phosphorescent functional materials.
The pathogenicity of PSEN2 variants is tied to Aβ production and homology to PSEN1
Authors: Liu Lei , Schultz Stephanie A. , Saba Adriana , Yang Hyun‐Sik , Li Amy , Selkoe Dennis J. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThough recognized as a potential cause of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease, the pathogenicity of many PSEN2 variants remains uncertain. We compared amyloid beta (Aβ) production across all missense PSEN2 variants in the AlzForum database and, when possible, to corresponding PSEN1 variants.METHODSWe expressed 74 PSEN2 variants, 21 of which had known, homologous PSEN1 pathogenic variants with the same amino acid substitution, in HEK293 cells lacking presenilin 1/2. Aβ production was compared to age at symptom onset (AAO) and between PSEN1/2 homologs.RESULTSAβ42/40 and Aβ37/42 ratios correlated with AAO across all PSEN2 variants, strongly driven by the subset of PSEN2 variants with PSEN1 homologs. Aβ production across PSEN1/2 homologs was highly correlated. PSEN2 AAO correlated with AAO in PSEN1 homologs but was an average of 18.3 years later.DISCUSSIONThe existence of a PSEN1 homolog and patterns of Aβ production are important considerations in assessing the pathogenicity of previously reported and new PSEN2 variants.Highlights
There were associations between the patterns of amyloid beta (Aβ) production across presenilin 2 (PSEN2) variants and age at symptom onset (AAO).
PSEN2 variants for which there is a known, corresponding variant in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) are more likely to have abnormal Aβ production patterns that strongly correlate with AAO, compared to those that lack a known PSEN1 counterpart (“non‐homologous PSEN2 variants”).
Most PSEN2 variants lacking PSEN1 counterparts had Aβ42/40 ratios close to those of wild‐type PSN2, arguing against their pathogenicity.
Homologous PSEN1 and PSEN2 variants had correlated Aβ42/40 and Aβ37/42 ratios, indicating that the corresponding amino acid substitution in each presenilin may have largely similar biochemical effects on γ‐secretase processivity.
The impact of neck flexion on ventilation and glottic visualisation in a child with Treacher Collins syndrome
Authors: Mazandi V. , Grosinger L. , Ward C. , Daly Guris R. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryWe report the airway management of an 11‐year‐old boy with Treacher Collins syndrome. In three instances under general anaesthesia, ventilation via either anaesthesia facemask or supraglottic airway device proved virtually impossible except when the neck was flexed, which runs counter to what is typically observed during routine anaesthetic care. In this report, the impact of neck flexion on the patient's airway is demonstrated with images obtained on videolaryngoscopy and flexible endoscopy. It is prudent to manage airways using validated techniques and established algorithms. Nonetheless, airway management can benefit from atypical measures.
High spinal anaesthesia during local anaesthetic skin infiltration at the cervical facet joint
Authors: Goh J. C. H. , Gn Y. M. , Tan D. J. A. , Lim Z. W. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryFacet joint injections are generally safe to perform with a low incidence of adverse events. There are few published reports of neurological complications occurring following procedures at the facet joint or cervical epidural space. However, complications from local anaesthetic infiltration to the skin and surrounding tissue have not been reported. We report a case of transient tetraplegia after local anaesthetic infiltration to the skin in preparation for cervical facet joint injection. We discuss potential reasons for this complication and suggest practice modifications which could reduce the risk.
Structure Regulation and Energy Storage Mechanisms of Bismuth‐Based Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Lina , Wen Yuhao , Bi Shangyi , Li Junyi , Zhang Hongjian , Liu Li , Shi Fanian , Yan Jie , Pan Shanshan , Zhang Haitao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe increasing demand for eco‐friendly energy storage solutions has driven significant interest in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) as an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries, primarily due to sodium's abundant availability. Among various anode materials, bismuth (Bi) has emerged as a promising candidate due to its high theoretical volumetric capacity and excellent electrical conductivity. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of structural characteristics and failure mechanisms inherent to Bi‐based anode materials for SIBs, providing valuable insights into the significance of material modification methods. Structure regulation strategies for Bi‐based SIB anodes are reviewed, focusing on the challenges associated with volumetric expansion and strategies to enhance their electrochemical performance. Typically, nanostructure optimization, surface engineering, morphology modification, and composition regulation are highlighted. Furthermore, this review will discuss the underlying mechanisms that improve sodium storage capabilities and the role of bismuth in advancing the efficiency and stability of SIBs. Lastly, the prospects and imminent challenges associated with bismuth‐based materials will be presented, providing insights for future research and development in energy storage technologies.
Comparative assessment of three AI platforms in answering USMLE Step 1 anatomy questions or identifying anatomical structures on radiographs
Authors: Al‐Khater Khulood Mohammed Khalid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe application of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has gained great attention recently. Integration of AI tools in anatomy teaching is currently engaging researchers and academics worldwide. Several AI chatbots have been generated, the most popular being ChatGPT (OpenAI: San Francisco, California, USA). Since its first public release in November 2022, several research papers have pointed to its potential role in anatomy education. However, it is not yet known whether it will prove superior to other available AI tools in this role. This article sheds some light on the current status of research concerning AI applications in anatomy education and compares the performances of three well‐known chatbots (ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude) in answering anatomy questions. A total of 23 questions were used as prompts for each chatbot. These questions comprised 10 knowledge‐based, 10 analysis‐based USMLE Step 1‐type, and three radiographs. ChatGPT was the most accurate of the three, scoring 100% accuracy. However, in terms of comprehensiveness, Claude was the best; it gave very organized anatomical responses. Gemini performed less well than the other two, with a scored accuracy of 60% and less scientific explanations. On the basis of these findings, this study recommends the incorporation of Claude and ChatGPT in anatomy education, but not Gemini, at least in its current state.
Atriplex halimus: Phytochemical Insights, Traditional Applications, and Pharmacological Promises
Authors: Roubi Mohammed , Dalli Mohammed , Azizi Salah‐eddine , Gseyra Nadia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMedicinal and aromatic plants are used in traditional medicine due to their diverse bioactive chemicals, Atriplex halimus is a saltbush that has an extensive background in traditional medicine giving it a strong argument for further ethnopharmacological research. We aimed in this comprehensive review by using different databases as to illustrate the phytochemical composition, the traditional uses, and the pharmacological properties of A. halimus. We evaluated the phytochemical composition, the traditional uses, and the pharmacological properties of A. halimus using specific words in the different databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect who served as the foundation to our research, 68 articles were retrieved from those databases out of an initial pool of 180 articles. Our review study revealed the different traditional uses as well as the different families of compounds in A. halimus extracts, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. These compounds exhibited various pharmacological effects, notably antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, scolicidal, and cytotoxic properties. The analysis of the gathered publications allowed us to categorize the phytochemicals, traditional applications, and pharmacological actions of A. halimus extracts. This review underscores the importance of A. halimus and highlights the presence of additional bioactive substances that remain unexplored but hold potential for future research. This review can serve as a guide for future investigations in this area.
Pulsus Alternans: Caught in Action
Authors: Aslanger Emre , Aggül Burcu , Albayrak Duygu Genç 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPulsus alternans describes an arterial pulse waveform that shows alternating strong and weak beats despite a regular rhythm. Either discovered during physical examination or catheterization, pulsus alternans indicates severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and poor prognosis. There has been considerable debate about the underlying mechanism. We present a tracing which depicts a classic example of pulsus alternans and gives some clues about its initiation mechanism.
Influence of refreshment varying flour and water on sourdough viscoelasticity and textural properties of bread
Authors: Espinoza‐Acosta José L. , Navarro‐Eúan Melina J. , Buitimea‐Cantúa Nydia E. , Chan‐Higuera Jesús E. , Bernal‐Mercado Ariadna T. , Dórame‐Miranda Ramón F. , Gerardo‐Rodríguez Jesús E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSourdough involves spontaneous fermentation by wild yeast and lactic acid bacteria. This study investigates the effects of varying water and flour proportions on sourdough and formulated dough viscoelasticity and bread textural properties after a 7‐day refreshment period. Daily, 20% or 30% water and 30% or 40% flour were added using refined or 20% fiber‐enriched flour. The pH and titratable acidity of the sourdough were measured, while dynamic frequency sweep tests were conducted to assess the viscoelastic properties of both sourdough and formulated dough. Additionally, the textural parameters of bread were evaluated.FindingsThe pH of the sourdough was lower when refined flour was used, but total titratable acidity analyses indicated higher acidity with 20% fiber‐enriched flour, demonstrating greater efficacy in this study. In the sourdough, G″ exceeded G′, indicating a more pronounced viscous behavior. Conversely, in the formulated dough, G′ was higher, suggesting greater elasticity. The treatment involving 20% water and 40% refined flour resulted in higher G′ and G″ values in both the sourdough and formulated dough. Meanwhile, the combination of 20% water and 30% refined flour produced bread with the highest specific volume and springiness, along with the lowest firmness, chewiness, and gumminess.ConclusionThe best bread was achieved with 20% water and 30% refined flour for refreshment.Significance and NoveltyThis study provides insights for optimizing sourdough formulations, benefiting artisanal and industrial bread‐making.
Low‐Temperature Catalytic Approaches for Upcycling Plastics into Oxygenated Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Lim Jason Y. C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPlastic upcycling is an emerging strategy to address the global plastic waste crisis, where these abundant polymers are converted into products of higher economic value. This not only complements and adds to existing recycling efforts, but also offers opportunities to retain the inherent chemical value of the plastics within circular loops, albeit in different forms for alternative uses. With aromatics constituting a major component of current petrochemical production, the production of aromatics from post‐synthetic conversion of plastics can potentially alleviate the demand on fossil fuels. Although BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) production has been a major focus of these efforts, oxygenated aromatic compounds (OACs), such as benzoic acids, are also highly‐valued across various industrial sectors, and necessitate fundamentally different processes from BTX synthesis from plastics. In this concepts article, some of the most promising emerging methods for direct synthesis of OACs from commodity petroleum‐based plastics are spotlighted, including from nonoxygenated hydrocarbon polymers such as polystyrene. With a special emphasis on emerging low temperature technologies (<150 °C), which encompass but are not limited to photo‐ and biocatalysis, this concepts article aims to position plastics as a viable source of OACs accessible under sustainable conditions for future industrial translations.
A Multistep Oxidative Cascade Reaction from a Naphthalenediol‐Based Pre‐Ligand to a Tetranuclear Perylenequinone‐Based FeIII Complex
Authors: Finke Jasmin , Oldengott Jan , Stammler Anja , Glaser Thorsten 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe have developed a family of dinuclear complexes using 2,7‐disubstituted 1,8‐naphthalenediol ligands that bind by molecular recognition to two neighboring phosphate diesters of the DNA backbone with the dinuclear CuII and NiII complexes exhibiting a severe cytotoxicity for human cancer cells. To increase the binding affinity, we intended to synthesize the corresponding dinuclear FeIII complex. Surprisingly, we obtained a tetranuclear FeIII perylene‐based complex instead of the expected dinuclear FeIII naphthalene‐based complex. In order to establish a rational and reproducible synthesis, we carefully analyzed this reaction. This revealed a multistep oxidative cascade reaction including the pre‐coordination of FeII ions in the N3‐binding pockets, the Lewis‐acid assisted MOM‐deprotection of the pre‐ligand by the pre‐oriented FeII ions, two oxidative aromatic C−C coupling reactions, oxidation of the perylene‐based backbone and of FeII to FeIII. The careful analysis of bond lengths, HOMA indices (harmonic oscillation model of aromaticity), FTIR and UV‐Vis‐NIR spectra supported by DFT calculations reveals the presence of an aromatic 18‐electron oxidized perylenequinone ligand backbone. In summary, a multistep cascade reaction involving in total a 10‐electron oxidation has been established for the straight‐forward synthesis of an unprecedented perylenequinone‐based ligand system.