bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale inTessin Scale
Authors: Morgan Benjamin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConcepts of scale have become urgent and contested in two thriving but seemingly unrelated fields. Humanities scholarship on anthropogenic climate change often argues that our historical present is defined by a conflict between human and geological timescales. At the same time, challenges to historicist literary interpretation have sought to rescale the temporal units we use to contextualize the objects we study. This essay argues that Thomas Hardy's novels, which often address inhuman scales of time, reveal how literary debates about scale might productively contribute to an ongoing reconsideration of historical consciousness in the context of the climate crisis. Hardy's Tess of the d'Urbervilles recursively activates scalar multiplicity: first, by dramatizing the intersection of scales of value, time, and space; and second, by suggesting that this drama may be understood as a feature of cyclical rather than linear history. Through Tess, we may understand how literary form provides unique imaginative purchase on a crisis that is massive at the scale of geological time but mostly imperceptible at the scale of human experience.
Determinants of knowledge, attitude and practice in patients with both type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in Fiji
Authors: Zibran Mohammed Alvis , Mohammadnezhad Masoud 
Published: May 2019

Background:In Fiji, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Chronic kidney disease (CKD) are amongst the top four causes of premature mortality, disability and death. This study aims to identify the determinants of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in T2DM patients with CKD in Fiji in 2018.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sigatoka Sub-divisional Hospital (SSH) in Fiji in July-August, 2018 using a self-structured questionnaire to test KAP of 225 patients. The inclusion criteria were confirmed T2DM patients (Fijian citizens) with CKD, aged 30 years or above and attending Special Out-Patient's Department (SOPD) at SSH. Independent t-test and ANOVA was used to test differences between demographic variable and practice score while non-parametric tests were used for knowledge and attitude. Spearman correlation and multiple linear regressions were conducted. All tests were set at 5% level of significance.Results: From 249 questionnaires distributed, 225 responded thus response rate was 95%. The mean KAP level was high: knowledge, 23.3/30 (SD±3.25); attitude, 23.1/30 (SD±2.73) and practice, 7.1/10 (SD±2.04). A high level of knowledge was seen in those with university-level education (p<0.001), unemployed (p=0.05) and high average monthly income (p=0.03). Those aged 61-70 years had a 0.53-point lower attitude score (p=0.05) than other age categories, while those >70 years had a 1.78-point lower attitude score (p=0.01) than other age categories. Fijians of Indian descent (FID) had lower attitude (p=0.002) and higher practice (p=0.001) scores.Conclusion:Patients with both T2DM and CKD at SSH have high levels of KAP. The determinants of KAP have been shown and thus, this study identified high-risk groups for low KAP, which can become the focus of future public health intervention.
Functional antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites are associated with a longer time to qPCR-detected infection among schoolchildren in Burkina Faso
Authors: Barry Aissata , Behet Marije C. , Nébié Issa , Lanke Kjerstin , Grignard Lynn , Ouedraogo Alphonse , Soulama Issiaka , Drakeley Chris , Sauerwein Robert , Bolscher Judith M. , Dechering Koen J. , Bousema Teun , Tiono Alfred B. , Gonçalves Bronner P. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Individuals living in malaria-endemic regions develop immunity against severe malaria, but it is unclear whether immunity against pre-erythrocytic stages that blocks initiation of blood-stage infection after parasite inoculation develops following continuous natural exposure. Methods: We cleared schoolchildren living in an area (health district of Saponé, Burkina Faso) with highly endemic seasonal malaria of possible sub-patent infections and examined them weekly for incident infections by nested PCR. Plasma samples collected at enrolment were used to quantify antibodies to the pre-eryhrocytic-stage antigens circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and Liver stage antigen 1 (LSA-1). In vitro sporozoite gliding inhibition and hepatocyte invasion inhibition by naturally acquired antibodies were assessed using Plasmodium falciparum NF54 sporozoites. Associations between antibody responses, functional pre-erythrocytic immunity phenotypes and time to infection detected by 18S quantitative PCR were studied. Results: A total of 51 children were monitored. Anti-CSP antibody titres showed a positive association with sporozoite gliding motility inhibition (P<0.0001, Spearman’s ρ=0.76). In vitro hepatocyte invasion was inhibited by naturally acquired antibodies (median inhibition, 19.4% [IQR 15.2-40.9%]), and there were positive correlations between invasion inhibition and gliding inhibition (P=0.005, Spearman’s ρ=0.67) and between invasion inhibition and CSP-specific antibodies (P=0.002, Spearman’s ρ=0.76). Survival analysis indicated longer time to infection in individuals displaying higher-than-median sporozoite gliding inhibition activity (P=0.01), although this association became non-significant after adjustment for blood-stage immunity (P = 0.06). Conclusions: In summary, functional antibodies against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria infection are acquired in children who are repeatedly exposed to Plasmodium parasites. This immune response does not prevent them from becoming infected during a malaria transmission season, but might delay the appearance of blood stage parasitaemia. Our approach could not fully separate the effects of pre-erythrocytic-specific and blood-stage-specific antibody-mediated immune responses in vivo; epidemiological studies powered and designed to address this important question should become a research priority.
Ensuring Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility Through Vertical Integration and Horizontal Sourcing
Authors: Orsdemir Adem , Hu Bin , Deshpande Vinayak 
Published: May 2019

Firms have recently vertically integrated with suppliers to ensure corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSER) in sourcing. We investigate the conditions under which CSER concerns will drive vertical integration, and how actions of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) impact CSER. This paper is inspired by Taylor Guitars’s acquisition of an ebony mill in Cameroon to ensure CSER. Whereas the majority of the responsible sourcing literature focuses on auditing as a mechanism for addressing CSER, we study vertical integration as an alternative. Our analysis confirms that CSER can be a potential driver of vertical integration aside from other well-known drivers. We analyze game-theoretical models where a firm can vertically integrate to potentially eliminate CSER risks. Two innovative features of our models are demand externalities (namely, a firm’s CSER violation can positively or negatively affect its competitor’s demand) and horizontal sourcing (namely, a vertically integrated firm can sell responsibly sourced supply to a competitor). We show that a firm’s CSER strategy depends on the risk of a CSER violation exposure, the level of demand externalities (positive or negative), and whether horizontal sourcing is feasible. We find that in industries where horizontal sourcing is unlikely, firms stay disintegrated under a low CSER violation exposure risk and vertically integrate under a moderate CSER violation exposure risk. Surprisingly, firms may stay disintegrated under a high CSER violation exposure risk combined with strongly negative demand externalities. In contrast, firms vertically integrate under moderate-to-high CSER violation exposure risk when horizontal sourcing is possible but may not share responsibly sourced supply through horizontal sourcing under strongly positive demand externalities. We show that firms should be conscious about demand externalities and the possibility of horizontal sourcing in the industry when considering vertical integration for CSER. We also provide guidance to NGOs interested in promoting CSER. When horizontal sourcing is unlikely, NGOs should specify both violating and nonviolating firms in their reports, but not over-scrutinize firms; whereas when horizontal sourcing is possible, NGOs should allocate more resources for scrutinizing firms’ CSER violations and create industry-wide violation reports, while avoiding naming of specific firms in their reports. This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Issue on Value Chain Innovations in Developing Economies.
Straight-to-test for the two-week-wait colorectal cancer pathway under the updated NICE guidelines reduces time to cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Christopher J , Flint TR , Ahmed H , Dhir N , Li R , Macfarland K , Ng DZS , Ng JMK , O’Neill C , te Water Naudé A , Sloan K , Hall NR , Powar MP 
Published: May 2019

Introduction The 2015 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines widened the referral criteria for the two-week-wait pathway for suspected lower gastrointestinal cancer. We implemented a straight-to-test protocol to accommodate the anticipated increase in referrals. We evaluated the impact of these changes for relevant pathway metrics and clinical outcomes using a retrospective cohort study with historic controls. Materials and methods We analysed data from all patients referred to a teaching hospital via the two-week-wait pathway for suspected lower gastrointestinal cancer under the previous guidelines between 1 March and 31 August 2015 compared with the same period in 2016, when the updated guidelines and straight-to-test protocol had been implemented. Results In the 2015 cohort, there were 64 cancer diagnoses from 664 referrals (9.6% pick-up) compared with 58 cancer diagnoses from 954 referrals in the 2016 cohort (6.1% pick-up). Our straight-to-test protocol reduced the median time to cancer diagnosis by 12.5 days (P < 0.001) and reduced the median time to cancer treatment by 7.5 days (P < 0.05) An increased proportion of non-colorectal cancers were diagnosed in 2016 compared with 2015, (37.9% vs 17.2%, P < 0.05) and more adenomas were removed in 2016 compared with 2015 (377 vs 193). Discussion and conclusion Our straight-to-test protocol has resulted in a reduction in times to cancer diagnosis and cancer treatment, despite an increase in the number of referrals. The new referral criteria have considerable resource implications, but their implementation did not result in an increase in the total number of cancers diagnosed.
Carpal tunnel decompression in primary care: what is the infection risk and is it safe and effective?
Authors: Palial V , Kheiran A , Siddiqui S 
Published: May 2019

Introduction The demand for elective hand surgery in England is predicted to double by 2030 compared with 2011. With such increase in demand, the UK must seek strategies to reduce costs of treatment while still maintaining standards of care. Carpal tunnel decompression performed in a treatment room rather than in theatre may provide a safe alternative setting. As yet, there are no UK-based studies that identify the risk of infection following surgery performed in a treatment room and there are no studies whatsoever assessing the qualitative outcomes of patients undergoing hand surgery outside a theatre environment. Our aim was to assess whether carpal tunnel decompression performed in the community is safe, in terms of infection risk, and effective. Materials and methods Patient outcome measures were prospectively recorded following carpal tunnel decompression in one single primary care centre performed by one surgeon from 2012 to 2017. Infection following surgery was evaluated for retrospectively. Results A total of 460 patients underwent carpal tunnel decompression within the study time period. There were three superficial infections identified, giving an infection rate of 0.65%. There were no deep infections identified. There was a statistically significant improvement in both symptom and functional outcomes following surgery, with results comparable to other studies where surgery was performed in theatre. Discussion We believe that carpal tunnel decompressions performed in a treatment room is both safe, in terms of infection risk, and effective. Surgeons should consider this location as an alternative setting to the main operating theatre.
Continuing acromioclavicular joint pain after excision arthroplasty: is further surgery effective?
Authors: Dekker AP , Borton Z , Espag M , Cresswell T , Tambe AA , Clark DI 
Published: May 2019

Background Little published evidence exists on the incidence of continuing acromioclavicular joint pain with no published outcomes for revision surgery. This study aimed to establish the incidence and outcomes of revision acromioclavicular joint excision surgery. Materials and methods A consecutive retrospective cohort of patients undergoing revision arthroscopic or open acromioclavicular joint excision was identified. Patients were identified from a prospectively collected database. Inclusion criteria were revision acromioclavicular joint excisions over a 14-year period between 2001 and 2015. Exclusion criteria were previous surgery for acromioclavicular joint instability or shoulder arthroplasty. Outcome measures were Oxford Shoulder scores and a satisfaction survey. Results Forty-three consecutive cases of revision acromioclavicular joint excision over 14 years (37 after arthroscopic excision with subacromial decompression, 5 after arthroscopic excision with rotator cuff repair, 1 after open excision). Continuing acromioclavicular joint pain was associated with incomplete resection from arthroscopic surgery, which was the primary indication for revision surgery. Revision occurred a mean 14.2 months after primary surgery (standard deviation 7.6 months). Mean Oxford Shoulder score was preoperatively 18 (standard deviation 8.1) and 23.4 (standard deviation 11.1) after primary surgery, which did not reach significance until after revision surgery with a mean 31.7 (standard deviation 13.6; P = 0.021). Median follow up was 15 months (interquartile range 4–31 months). A survey at a mean of 6 years (standard deviation 2.3) post-revision surgery found that 65% of patients felt improved, 77% would have their surgery again and 69% of patients felt satisfied. The incidence of postoperative frozen shoulder was 14.3%. Conclusion Functional outcomes after revision surgery showed improvement from scores taken before primary surgery; however, long-term satisfaction rates were relatively low.
Fire effects on the ant community in areas of native and exotic vegetation
Authors: Arcusa Juan Manuel 
Published: May 2019

Acacia melanoxylon is an invasive species of the mountain grassland of the southeastern part of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Fires are a natural disturbance, characteristic of the area, and favor the germination of this invasive plant. However, they are used as the first step in management systems for the Acacia species. Moreover, the use of ants in monitoring programs is very scarce for Argentina. The objectives of this work are: 1) to analyze the response and resilience capacity of native and invaded sites by A. melanoxylon after a fire for controlling this invasive species; 2) to detect groups of ants considered to be indicators of the recovery phase subsequent to the burning; and 3) to apply the concept of groups of disturbances, proposed by Roig and Espadaler, as an effective tool for monitoring. The sampling design consisted of three replicates of 10 pitfall traps for each environment, native and invaded. Ant species were grouped into functional groups, trophic guilds, and disturbance groups. The fire did not generate significant changes in the richness and abundance of ants in the mountain grassland. However, it generated a positive effect on the sites invaded by Acacia during the first year after the fire. The groups of minimum specialists of vegetation and the dominant Dolichoderinae are considered good bioindicators. Finally, the disturbance indicators can be considered reliable management tools if the biology of the species that compose it is known beforehand.
Evaluation of the ASCENT Smoking Cessation Program for Adolescents
Authors: Hoffman Jeffrey , Nemes Susanna , Weil Jennifer , Zack Sharon , Munly Kelly , Hess Lauren 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study was to evaluate the Adolescent Smoking Cessation Escaping Nicotine and Tobacco (ASCENT) program, a multifaceted smoking cessation intervention for teens, aged 14 to 18. Seven schools were randomised into either an intervention group (n = 61) or a comparison control group (n = 44). Findings suggested that 67% of the teens in the experimental group reported they did not smoke daily in the past 12 months, compared to 42% of the control group (p < .05). In addition, experimental (treated) youth reduced their smoking from an average of 8 cigarettes a day at baseline to 6 cigarettes a day (p < .05). Although not statistically significant, the overall 1-year quit rate for both groups was higher than the average rate for youth cessation programs (12%). The results of this study suggest that, with appropriate interventions, it is feasible to reduce youth smoking.
Factors Contributing to Smoking Cessation Behaviour in North Wales, United Kingdom: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nanguzgambo Aldoph B. , Gwynne Dafydd , Pearce Mark S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim was to determine the factors that contribute to behavioural change in smokers, and to assess differences in the distribution of these factors between those in lower and higher stages of behavioural change using the transtheoretical model (TTM). A total of 112 participants were recruited from smoking cessation clinics in six local health authorities in North Wales, United Kingdom into a cross-sectional study; 46% of the participants were in the lower stages of the TTM (Precontemplation and Contemplation). The odds of being in the higher stage of behavioural change were not significantly associated with any of the factors considered (p > 0.05). In open-ended questions, the main factors reported to influence the decision to quit smoking were related to health and expenditure on cigarettes. The findings of this study suggest that in addition to the existing health strategy of promoting knowledge of the health impact of smoking, understanding factors influencing smokers to take steps towards quitting is also important.
Reviews
Authors: Andrews Kate , Levick Carmen , Troughton Irene Alcubilla , Yao Yun 
Published: May 2019

Tales from the Music Therapy Room: Creative Connections, Claire Molyneux (ed.) (2018) London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 168 pp., ISBN 978-1-78592-540-5, p/bk, $22.95
The Handbook of Art Therapy and Digital Technology, Cathy Malchiodi (ed.) (2018) London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 416 pp., ISBN: 978-1-78592-792-8, p/bk, $34.95
The Aging Body in Dance: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, Nanako Nakajima and Gabriele Brandstetter (eds) (2017) New York: Routledge, 180 pp., ISBN 978-1-13820-006-7, p/bk, $47.95
Performing Neurology: The Dramaturgy of Dr Jean-Martin Charcot, Jonathan W. Marshall (2016) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 277 pp., ISBN 978-1-13751-761-6, p/bk, $90.00
Legal regulation and trends of audit services: what are the differences (evidence of Ukraine)
Authors: Antoniuk Olena , Chyzhevska Lyudmila , Semenyshena Nataliia 
Published: May 2019

The authors conducted a study aimed to identify discrepancies between the practice in providing audit services and the regulatory framework for their implementation in Ukraine. The purpose of article is to answer questions: are there any differences between the practice of development of types of audit services and regulatory documents for their implementation based on the experience of Ukrainian auditors; what are the differences in the practice of auditing firms in classifying and using the auditors terminology in contrast to the standards and requirements of the legal documents. A hypothesis was formulated, which later on received a confirmation. By carrying out analytical procedures, the theoretical approaches to the classification of audit services were considered. The authors correlate different classification of audit services in normative documents, including documents of the professional organization of auditors. The results of the study of the terminology content, which is used to identify different types of audit services, have shown the differences between scientists' opinions and different interpretations in auditors practice. Current research is aimed at improving the theoretical and practical provisions for the implementation of related and other services of professional audit services, development of concepts for theoretical support and practical implementation for harmonization of legal regulations and practices of auditors (audit firms). The conclusion of this paper helps to identify vectors in the development of a regulatory framework of audit services on the national level.
Dialectics versus polemics in Chinese rhetoric: A study of indirection in Chinese and Chinese ESL argumentative writing as compared with English argumentative writing
Authors: Yeung Lorrita 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study investigates Chinese indirection in argumentative writing. It examines whether there is a fundamental difference between Chinese and English rhetoric in their preferred method of argument, as suggested by instructional materials on how to argue effectively (Liu, Lu. 2005. Rhetorical education through writing instruction across cultures: A comparative analysis of select online instructional materials on argumentative writing. Journal of Second Language Writing 14. 1–18). A comparative analysis of 90 argumentative essays respectively written by expert Chinese and English writers, and advanced Chinese ESL learners reveals that while the English essays tend to adopt a polemical style that persuades by defeating opposing arguments, a significant proportion of the Chinese essays show a dialectical style which examines opposing positions without taking sides and yet rising above them to resolve conflicting issues. A significant number of Chinese ESL writing follow a similar dialectical pattern although not as frequently as their expert writers. A cultural explanation is attempted to account for the phenomenon. It is also argued that the dialectical model, while subsuming earlier rhetorical models adopted for analyzing Chinese writing, may hold the key to studying Chinese differences from the English in written arguments.
Two models of metaphoricity and three dilemmas of metaphor research
Authors: Sonesson Göran 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStarting out from classical metaphor theory, I consider two models, the Overlap model and the Tension model — the difference between which may not have been spelled out in that tradition. Although the latter has an Aristotelian pedigree, it may be less generally valid than the Overlap model, at least if the requirement for tension is placed very high. The metaphors distinguished by Lakoff and Johnson, like thecatachresisof classical rhetoric, fulfils the Overlap model, but in a petrified form, as is shown by the fact that both may, in the same way, be awakened from their slumber by some modification or addition to the sentence. What Lakoff and Johnson, later on, call primary metaphors, however, does not really correspond to any of these models. They are quite literally extensions of human embodiments. Thus, they are actually diagrams, in the sense in which Peirce opposes them to metaphors. We go on to discuss similarities and differences between verbal and pictorial metaphors, arguing that some metaphorical configurations are more apt to work in pictures and others in language, although there are also some configurations which are common to both.