bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steganalysis of StegoStorage system
Authors: Gulášová Michala , Jókay Matúš 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of this contribution is to detect the presence of messages in JPEG images that were stored in the files using sequential embedding into the least significant bits of DCT coefficients. The Stegostorage system was used for embedding. For testing purposes, we set this system to the full capacity of cover files as the worst case from the view of security. For steganalysis, we used and implemented a process of calibration of JPEG images, which makes it possible to investigate a histogram from steganographic images which are similar to the histogram of the original images without secret information. Also, Pearson’s Chi- -square test of goodness of fit was implemented, whose results indicate detectability of the presence of hidden messages through images in the two databases, the first database containing 1000 JPEG images and the second one containing 450 JPEG images. An interesting result is that after saving messages into the images and compressing the JPEG once more, the detectability decreased in this case by almost half.
Moreover, this contribution provides a framework for further testing by calculating the minimum square error (the weighted stego analysis), which also indicates detectability in both databases, and after embedding the messages into images and re-compressing them with different quantization matrix, the detectability is only slightly reduced. Therefore, we consider this method an appropriate one for further testing and utilizing it when embedding into the LSB randomly, without filling the full capacity of the carrier file.
Pyrgotid Flies Assigned to Apyrgota. III. Species of Afropyrgota gen. n. and Tylotrypes (Diptera, Pyrgotidae) / Мухи-пирготиды, отнесённые к Apyrgota. III. Виды Afropyrgota gen. n. и Tylotrypes (Diptera, Pyrgotidae)
Authors: Korneyev V. A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Afropyrgota gen. n. (type species: Apyrgota marshalli Hendel, 1914) is established to include five species, Afropyrgota copelandi sp. n., Afropyrgota mambilla sp. n., Afropyrgota marshalli (Hendel, 1914) comb. n. (= Apyrgota marshalli Hendel, 1914), Afropyrgota ota sp. n. and Afropyrgota uzungwa sp. n., occurring in the tropical part of Africa. All species are described, illustrated and keyed. Th e new genus is similar to Eupyrgota Coquillett in having large size and wasp-like appearance, wing with spurious vein inserted at deep and sharp bend of R2+3, and femora with two ventral rows of shortened and thickened setae, clearly diff ering by the lack of the finger-like projections on presternum and sclerotized hooks on oviscape. Four species formerly assigned to Apyrgota are shown to belong to Tylotrypes Bezzi: T. breviventris (Shi, 1996), comb. n.; T. fura (Shi, 1996), comb. n.; T. jiangleensis (Shi, 1994), comb. n.; T. longa (Shi, 1996), comb. n.; in addition, 2 species are transferred here from Campylocera Macquart and Adapsilia Waga: T. fuscipes (Wulp, 1885), comb. n. and T. hispida (Kim & Han, 2001), comb. n. A revised diagnosis of the genus Tylotrypes is given
Early Pliocene Sturgeons and Bony Fishes from the Dniester Valley (Republic of Moldova) / Осетровые и костистые рыбы раннего плиоцена из долины Днестра (Республика Молдова)
Authors: Kovalchuk О. М. , Marareskul V. A. , Zakharov D. S. , Obadă T. F. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A fossil fish remnants from the Early Pliocene strata of the Dniester valley (Republic of Moldova) are described in the paper. Seven species, belonging to 6 genera, 4 families and 4 orders (Acipenseriformes, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Esociformes) were identified in Nikolskoe and Uyutnoe localities. All of them are analogues of extant taxa. A brief review of development of the freshwater fish fauna in the Lower Dniester Basin during the Early Pliocene is presented.
The interrelationship between emotion, cognition, and bilingualism
Authors: Robinson Crystal J. , Altarriba Jeanette 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Research on the representation of emotion in human memory has focused on the ways in which words that label an emotion (e.g., love, joy) or represent emotional components (e.g., death, butterfly) are learned, stored, and retrieved from memory. The current work reviews the ways in which these types of words have been distinguished from concrete and abstract words, the types of methodologies used to distinguish among word groups, and the ways in which these words are automatically processed in the bilingual speaker. While emotion words may be more readily processed and retrieved when they appear in the first language, other word types that are neutral with regards to arousal and valence may be processed similarly across languages. The current work also illustrates the ways in which this knowledge is important in advancing theories of language and cognition, attention, perception, and mental health. Future directions are discussed that elucidate the further applications of these interesting lines of research.
Modernidad y barbarie en el pensamiento de C. G. Jung
Authors: Ezcurdia José 
Published: May 2018

El presente texto tiene como objeto revisar el diagnóstico que Jung realiza sobre una modernidad que al no permitir el desarrollo de los contenidos del registro anímico del inconsciente colectivo, cultiva una “sombra” que es fuente de un terrible poder autodestructivo. En este marco, se abordan nociones como símbolo, arquetipo, “sí mismo”, sabiduría, apocalipsis, así como la crítica jungueana a las Iglesias y al racionalismo occidental. Estas nociones y dicha crítica constituyen el andamiaje conceptual a partir del cual Jung da cuenta de una modernidad que en sus versiones socialista, comunista y capitalista, ha dado lugar a hechos abominables como los alemanes campos de concentración, el Gulag soviético y la bomba atómica.
Flujo de savia y potencial hídrico en plantas de tomate (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) bajo condiciones de invernadero
Authors: Cuellar-Murcia Cristian Alejandro , Suárez-Salazar Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2018

El tomate es una de las hortalizas más importantes en el mundo, constituye un gran escalafón en la producción hortícola, en Colombia se reportó un área cultivada de 8.992 ha con una producción de 345.291 t. Este cultivo se desarrolla en su mayoría bajo condiciones controladas (invernaderos) requiriendo ciertos volúmenes de agua que puede ser limitantes al no realizar un monitoreo del estatus hídrico, siendo este último, información para la programación del riego. Por ello con el objeto de predecir el comportamiento el potencial hídrico del xilema (ᴪ) y flujo de savia (FH2O) en relación a las variables ambiéntales (RAFA, HRa, Ta, DPV) se utilizó un modelo mecánico de flujo de agua en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) bajo condiciones de invernadero en el piedemonte amazónico colombiano (Florencia, Caquetá). Las tendencias diarias monitoreadas se mantuvieron entre los 64,7 a 225,4 g h-1 y -1,2 a -0,34 MPa para FH2O y ᴪ respectivamente, al modelar el comportamiento de las variables estas fueron entre rangos de -0.38 a -1.30 MPa para ᴪ y 58,46 a 208,55 g h-1 para FH2O, siendo estos altamente correlacionados (P<0,0001). El uso del modelo mecánico de flujo de agua en plantas de tomate bajo condiciones de invernadero demostró ser estadística y fisiológicamente viable para para entender la demanda hídrica diaria el cual dependió de las variables ambientales.
The Implementation of Cooperative Learning Approach with Multimedia for Children’s Literature Learning at Elementary School in the Characters Building Perspective
Authors: Rukayah Rukayah , Slamet Y , Andayani Andayani 
Published: May 2018

<p class="Abstract">The purposes of this study were (1) finding the effectiveness of cooperative learning approach with multimedia for children’s literature learning at elementary school; and (2) describes the acceptability of collaborative learning approach with multimedia for children’s literature learning at elementary school based on the stakeholders’ opinions. The method used is quasi-experimental research. The study location includes six elementary schools in Central Java, Indonesia. The data sources this study includes (1) the informant; (2) events, namely the children’s literature learning activities in fourth and fifth grade of elementary school where studied; (3) the document, in the form of syllabi, lesson plans, and other relevant documents; and (4) test results. The samples size is 161 students. The data validity used correlation point biserial, and reliability data was used KR-20 formula. The data analysis technique used ANOVA. The research results showed that 1) Fcount on fourth grade was 22.141 with Ftable is 3.91. Then, Fcount in fifth grade was 11.380 with Ftable is 3.91. There are mean that children’s literature learning result which is resulted from a cooperative learning approach with multimedia is better than conventional approach, and (2) children’s literature learning model with cooperative learning approach with multimedia in elementary school and “Guidelines for Children’s Literature Learning within Cooperative Learning Approach in Elementary School” can be accepted by stakeholders. The conclusion of this research is children’s literacy learning in elementary used cooperative learning approach with multimedia can improve the quality of learning processes and children’s literature teaching result, both from the aspect of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Besides, that can be said the children’s literacy learning in elementary school can be used to improve the supreme nature, moral education and the development of national character values.</p>
Measurement of Brain Activity Related to Unpleasant Emotion in the Prefrontal Cortex Region Using NIRS
Authors: Kawanaka Haruki , Atsushi Atsushi , Oguri Koji 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We measured noninvasively a response of blood flow (hemoglobin concentration) in the prefrontal cortex area caused by emotional unpleasant arousal using the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). NIRS can be easily measured brain activity in comparison with other measurement methods. And it has the advantage of low load for subjects. In this study, auditory stimuli applied to subjects in order to arouse unpleasant emotions, changes in blood flow were measured at that time. As a result, we have confirmed a significant increase of the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral cortex (Brodmann area 9) caused by the emotional unpleasant associated. And, the effectiveness of NIRS in measuring the brain activity related to emotional was demonstrated.
Mechanical And Thermal Stresses Anylsis In Diesel Engine Poiston With And Without Different Thermal Coating Layer On Piston Head
Authors: Ghyadh Nabeel Abdulhadi , Sadiq Al-Baghdadi Maher A.R. , Ahmed Sahib Shihab 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The main goal of this paper are equate behavior of the piston with and without different thermal coating layer on the piston head under thermal and mechanical loads that arise in the piston due to its operating. Three dimensional model of a piston heavy diesel engine has been presented. The governing equations have been discretized using a finite-volume method (FVM) and solved using multi-physics COMSOL package version 5. The results of the numerical model are showing the distribution of temperature, temperature gradients, Von-Mises stresses, and displacement in the diesel engine piston with and without 200 μm of thermal coating layer as (La2Zr 2O7) which have low thermal conductivity. The results show great improving in the performance of the piston with thermal coating layer.
Research of Virtual Network Classroom Collaborative Mechanism Based on Petri Net
Authors: Yang Shengquan , Huang Shujuan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In order to keep multi-role communication action of virtual network classroom orderly and correctly at the same time, this paper proposes and studies its communication collaborative relationship based on Petri Net. Firstly, it introduces the basic theory and the system state change graph of the roles in virtual classroom, and discusses in detail the collaborative relationship between students and teacher in network environment. Especially by taking advantage of Petri Net tool, this paper in virtue of formalized method describes and analyzes collaborative relationship and collaborative mechanism between teacher and students, which exists in the virtual classroom. Finally, the collaborative mechanism has been realized successfully with the theory about process control concurrence view.
A Mobile Terminal Security Strategy Based On the Cloud Storage
Authors: Hui Wang , Junyong Tang 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
With the emergence of mass storage systems and the development of the Distributed File System, Cloud storage system has become the focus of the industry. The cloud storage services on mobile terminal have been putted on the agenda based on the rapid development of intelligent mobile terminal. Based on the analysis of the architecture of HDFS and Dynamo, a mobile Terminal Security strategy is presented in this paper. The database technology and t he dynamic consistent hashing algorithm are adopted to deal with different target groups. According to the storage costs of nodes, data would be integrated scheduling by the storage system. Make full use of the advantages of AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) and RSA. A solution that combines AES and RSA encryption algorithm is proposed to implement the mobile terminal cloud storage security. Through the theoretical analysis and the simulation results, the cloud storage strategy proposed in this paper can make the cloud system achieve load balance. Moreover, multi-copy mechanism can improve the overall efficiency of the system.
The Design of Two Phase Chopping Regulation Voltage Soft Starter
Authors: Chen Jingwen , Dang Hongshe 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
As for the complexity of the trigger pulse control method for the generally-used thyristor soft starter, The poverty of the continuity of the stator current, the shortage of the waveform distortion and the higher harmonic content. A type with IGBT to realize AC chopping regulation voltage soft starter has been designed,using the two-phase AC power control to achieve the aim of three-phase AC power control,ensuring the effect and saving the costs. The paper makes use of the MATLAB to analyze of the two phase chopping regulating all control type soft starter start performance with simulation, and designs the soft starter of the hardware circuit and the software programs.
Short Corn Rotations Do Not Improve Soil Quality, Compared with Corn Monocultures
Authors: Hoss Mollie , Behnke Gevan D. , Davis Adam S. , Nafziger Emerson D. , Villamil María B. 
Published: May 2018

Compared corn–corn–corn vs. corn–corn–soybean vs. corn–soybean rotations on their effects on soil properties after 12 yr.
Locations were correctly identified by canonical discriminant analyses (CDA) rules based on measured soil properties.
Regardless of location, soil attributes did not differ under short corn rotations and corn–corn–corn systems.
Soil attributes contrasted most between corn and soybean phases of the corn–soybean rotation.
Short‐duration summer annual crop rotations are widely used in the Midwest, but their long‐term impact on soil quality has not been thoroughly examined. Our goal was to compare soil properties under long‐term use of the most common crop rotations around Illinois, and to identify soil quality indicators for rotations in the state. Crop rotations of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CCC), corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS), and corn–corn–soybean (CCS) were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three or four replications at each of six locations, with all phases present each year for 12 yr. We measured 21 soil properties on the surface soil and 18 properties at four successive depths, rendering a total of 126 and 504 observations available for the multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analyses (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) in both data sets. We found that our discriminant rules based on the measured soil properties correctly identified the location of origin of the soil samples in 98% of cases, representing <2% error rates for the cross‐validation results at each location. Crop rotations, on the other hand, did not affect any of the soil properties evaluated, results further confirmed by our CDA analyses that showed high error rates for classification. Though these short corn rotations make economic sense, they behave similarly to corn monocultures from the soil quality standpoint, compromising the sustainability of our current agricultural systems and highlighting the need to increase temporal and spatial diversification.
Cassava Yield and Economic Response to Fertilizer in Tanzania, Kenya and Ghana
Authors: Senkoro Catherine J. , Tetteh Francis M. , Kibunja Catherine N. , Ndungu‐Magiroi Keziah W. , Quansah Gabriel W. , Marandu Atanasio E. , Ley George J. , Mwangi Teresa J. , Wortmann Charles S. 
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas
Cassava is a major food crop in tropical Africa
Cassava is efficient in uptake of immobile nutrients.
Cassava is highly responsive to applied N.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major food crop in Africa with little information of response to applied nutrients. Our objectives were to: determine cassava yield response to macronutrients for production areas in Ghana, Kenya and Tanzania; evaluate the effect Mg, S, Zn and B application; and determine agronomic efficiency (AE) and value cost ratio (VCR) for nutrient application. Fresh storage root yield with no fertilizer averaged 14.4 Mg ha−1 and mean yield increases due to 80 kg ha−1 N applied were 8.1, 6.5 and 9.0 Mg ha−1 in Ghana, Kenya and Tanzania. Storage root yield was increased 93% with P application for Aduma in Ghana and there was a curvilinear to plateau response to K at Wenchi Ghana. No other responses to P and K rates occurred, but an N × P synergism occurred in Tanzania. There were no responses to applied Mg, S, Zn, and B. The VCR for N at all sites was >2 indicating sufficient profit opportunity to make N application attractive to many financially constrained farmers. The mean soil organic C (SOC) was 8 g kg−1; the results may lose applicability with much higher SOC soils. Over all trials, application of 80 kg ha−1 N had, on average 8.44 Mg ha−1 increased yield with 105 kg kg−1 agronomic efficiency and 7.8 $ $−1 profit to cost ratio. The results indicate that cassava is efficient in P and K uptake with restricted and little profit potential for P and K application in these countries, respectively.
Estimating Legacy Soil Phosphorus Impacts on Phosphorus Loss in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Authors: Vadas Peter A. , Fiorellino Nicole M. , Coale Frank J. , Kratochvil Robert , Mulkey Alisha S. , McGrath Josh M. 
Published: May 2018

Agricultural nutrient management is an issue due to P loss from fields and water quality degradation. This is especially true in watersheds where a history of P application in excess of crop needs has resulted in elevated soil P (legacy P). As practices and policy are implemented in such watersheds to reduce P loss, information is needed on time required to draw down soil P and how much P loss can be reduced by drawdown. We used the Annual P Loss Estimator (APLE) model to simulate soil P drawdown in Maryland, and to estimate P loss at a statewide scale associated with different combinations of soil P and P transport. Simulated APLE soil P drawdown compared well with measured rates from three field sites, showing that APLE can reliably simulate P dynamics for Maryland soils. Statewide APLE simulations of average annual P loss from cropland (0.84 kg ha−1) also compared well with estimates from the Chesapeake Bay Model (0.87 kg ha−1). The APLE results suggest that it is realistic to expect that a concerted effort to reduce high P soils throughout the state can reduce P loss to the Chesapeake Bay by 40%. However, P loss reduction would be achieved gradually over several decades, since soil P drawdown is very slow. Combining soil P drawdown with aggressive conservation efforts to reduce P transport in erosion could achieve a 62% reduction in state‐level P loss. This 62% reduction could be considered a maximum amount possible that is still compatible with modern agriculture.Core Ideas
APLE model can reliably simulate soil P drawdown and P loss for Maryland soils.
Soil P drawdown efforts in Maryland could reduce P loss to the Chesapeake Bay by 40%.
Soil P drawdown will require decades to fully achieve.
Soil P drawdown combined with conservation to reduce erosion could reduce P loss by 62%.
Minimizing Virus Transport in Porous Media by Optimizing Solid Phase Inactivation
Authors: Sasidharan Salini , Bradford Scott A. , Šimůnek Jiří , Torkzaban Saeed 
Published: May 2018

The influence of virus type (PRD1 and ΦX174), temperature (flow at 4 and 20°C), a no‐flow storage duration (0, 36, 46, and 70 d), and temperature cycling (flow at 20°C and storage at 4°C) on virus transport and fate were investigated in saturated sand‐packed columns. The vast majority (84–99.5%) of viruses were irreversibly retained on the sand, even in the presence of deionized water and beef extract at pH = 11. The reversibly retained virus fraction (fr) was small (1.6 × 10−5 to 0.047) but poses a risk of long‐term virus contamination. The value of fr and associated transport risk was lower at a higher temperature and for increases in the no‐flow storage period due to the temperature dependency of the solid phase inactivation. A model that considered advective–dispersive transport, attachment (katt), detachment (kdet), solid phase inactivation (μs), and liquid phase inactivation (μl) coefficients, and a Langmuirian blocking function provided a good description of the early portion of the breakthrough curve. The removal parameters were found to be in the order of katt > μs >> μl. Furthermore, μs was an order of magnitude higher than μl for PRD1, whereas μs was two and three orders of magnitude higher than μl for ΦX174 at 4 and 20°C, respectively. Transport modeling with two retention, release, and inactivation sites demonstrated that a small fraction of viruses exhibited a much slower release and solid phase inactivation rate, presumably because variations in the sand and virus surface roughness caused differences in the strength of adhesion. These findings demonstrate the importance of solid phase inactivation, temperature, and storage periods in eliminating virus transport in porous media. This research has potential implications for managed aquifer recharge applications and guidelines to enhance the virus removal by controlling the temperature and aquifer residence time.Solid phase inactivation is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than liquid phase inactivation.
Solid phase inactivation increases with temperature and column storage duration.
The solid phase inactivation was higher for ΦX174 than PRD1.
Solid phase inactivation reduced the reversible virus fraction by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude.