bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penetrating spinal injury in childhood: the influence of mechanism on outcome. An epidemiological study
Authors: Piatt Joseph 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVEPenetrating injury of the spine in childhood commonly causes profound and life-long disability, but it has been the object of very little study. The goal of the current report is to document temporal trends in the nationwide incidence of this condition and to highlight the differences between penetrating injuries and closed injuries.METHODSThe Kids’ Inpatient Database was queried for spinal injuries in 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012. Penetrating mechanism was determined by diagnostic coding for open injuries and by mechanistic codes for projectiles and knives. Nationwide annual incidences were calculated using weights provided for this purpose. Unweighted data were used as a cross-sectional sample to compare closed and penetrating injuries with respect to demographic and clinical factors. The effect of penetrating mechanism was analyzed in statistical models of death, adverse discharge, and length of stay (LOS).RESULTSThe nationwide incidence of penetrating spinal injury in patients less than 18 years of age trended downward over the study period. Patients with penetrating injury were older and much more predominantly male than patients with closed injuries. They resided predominantly in zip codes with lower median household incomes, and they were much more likely to have public health insurance or none at all. They were predominantly black or Hispanic. The risk of hospital death was no different, but penetrating injuries were associated with much higher rates of adverse discharge after LOS, averaging twice as long as closed injuries. Brain, visceral, and vascular injuries were powerful predictors of hospital death, as was upper cervical level of injury. The most powerful predictor of adverse discharge and LOS was spinal cord injury, followed by brain, visceral, and vascular injury and penetrating mechanism.CONCLUSIONSBecause its pathophysiology requires no elucidation, because the consequences for quality of life are dire, and because the population at risk is well defined, penetrating spinal injury in childhood ought to be an attractive target for public health interventions.
Історичні та виконавські аспекти формування західноураїнської фортепіанної традиції
Authors: Fedchun Tatiana 
Published: July 2018

Цель работы. Исследование связано с анализом исторических и исполнительских аспектов формирования западноукраинской фортепианной традиции, благодаря своим историко-культурным и семантическим особенностям опирается на специфически трансформированную западноевропейскую исполнительскую модель. Методология исследования заключается в одновременном применении историко-культурного, музыковедческого аналитического и исполнительного интерпретационного подходов. Указанное методологическое направление позволяет раскрыть и проанализировать структурно-семантические особенности и исполнительские параметры фортепианной школы Западной Украины. Научная новизна работы заключается в комплексном освещении поликультурных влияний в эволюционные процессы европейских и региональных фортепианных школ и в выявлении связей и взаимовлияний разнонациональных музыкальных культур в западноукраинском регионе и их влияние на формирование отечественной фортепианной школы. Выводы. Анализ концертно-исполнительских традиций (гастрольные выступления выдающихся европейских и западноукраинских пианистов в панораме фортепианного исполнительства регионального, национального и международного уровня) дает возможность выйти на определенные обобщения. Формирование традиций фортепианного концертирования в XIX веке на западноукраинских землях происходило, прежде всего, под влиянием опытных австрийских и польских музыкантов, знакомых с ведущими художественными тенденциями и исполнительными методиками и приглашенных к работе в аристократические семьи или художественные институции края (Ю. Эльснера, И. Рукгабера, Ф. К. Моцарта, И. Ф. Кеслера).Ключевые слова: западноукраинская фортепианная традиция, история исполнительства, фортепианное исполнительство, западноукраинская фортепианная школа.
Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). VII. A Temperate Candidate Super-Earth in the Hyades Cluster
Authors: Vanderburg Andrew , Mann Andrew W. , Rizzuto Aaron , Bieryla Allyson , Kraus Adam L. , Berlind Perry , Calkins Michael L. , Curtis Jason L. , Douglas Stephanie T. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Everett Mark E. , Horch Elliott P. , Howell Steve B. , Latham David W. , Mayo Andrew W. , Quinn Samuel N. , Scott Nicholas J. , Stefanik Robert P. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Transiting exoplanets in young open clusters present opportunities to study how exoplanets evolve over their lifetimes. Recently, significant progress detecting transiting planets in young open clusters has been made with the K2 mission, but so far all of these transiting cluster planets orbit close to their host stars, so planet evolution can only be studied in a high-irradiation regime. Here, we report the discovery of a long-period planet candidate, called HD 283869 b, orbiting a member of the Hyades cluster. Using data from the K2 mission, we detected a single transit of a super-Earth-sized (1.96 ± 0.12 R
⊕) planet candidate orbiting the K-dwarf HD 283869 with a period longer than 72 days. As we only detected a single-transit event, we cannot validate HD 283869 b with high confidence, but our analysis of the K2 images, archival data, and follow-up observations suggests that the source of the event is indeed a transiting planet. We estimated the candidate’s orbital parameters and find that if real, it has a period P ≈ 100 days and receives approximately Earth-like incident flux, giving the candidate a 71% chance of falling within the circumstellar habitable zone. If confirmed, HD 283869 b would have the longest orbital period, lowest incident flux, and brightest host star of any known transiting planet in an open cluster, making it uniquely important to future studies of how stellar irradiation affects planetary evolution.
Forty-four New and Known M-dwarf Multiples in the SDSS-III/APOGEE M-dwarf Ancillary Science Sample
Authors: Skinner Jacob , Covey Kevin R. , Bender Chad F. , Rivera Noah , De Lee Nathan , Souto Diogo , Chojnowski Drew , Troup Nicholas , Badenes Carles , Bizyaev Dmitry , Blake Cullen H. , Burgasser Adam , Cañas Caleb , Carlberg Joleen , Maqueo Chew Yilen Gómez , Deshpande Rohit , Fleming Scott W. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , García-Hernández D. A. , Hearty Fred , Kounkel Marina , Longa-Peñe Penélope , Mahadevan Suvrath , Majewski Steven R. , Minniti Dante , Nidever David , Oravetz Audrey , Pan Kaike , Stassun Keivan , Terrien Ryan , Zamora Olga 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Binary stars make up a significant portion of all stellar systems. Consequently, an understanding of the bulk properties of binary stars is necessary for a full picture of star formation. Binary surveys indicate that both multiplicity fraction and typical orbital separation increase as functions of primary mass. Correlations with higher-order architectural parameters such as mass ratio are less well constrained. We seek to identify and characterize double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s) among the 1350 M-dwarf ancillary science targets with APOGEE spectra in the SDSS-III Data Release 13. We measure the degree of asymmetry in the APOGEE pipeline cross-correlation functions (CCFs) and use those metrics to identify a sample of 44 high-likelihood candidate SB2s. At least 11 of these SB2s are known, having been previously identified by Deshpande et al. and/or El-Badry et al. We are able to extract radial velocities (RVs) for the components of 36 of these systems from their CCFs. With these RVs, we measure mass ratios for 29 SB2s and five SB3s. We use Bayesian techniques to fit maximum-likelihood (but still preliminary) orbits for four SB2s with eight or more distinct APOGEE observations. The observed (but incomplete) mass-ratio distribution of this sample rises quickly toward unity. Two-sided Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests find probabilities of 18.3% and 18.7%, demonstrating that the mass-ratio distribution of our sample is consistent with those measured by Pourbaix et al. and Fernandez et al., respectively.
NGC 6744: A Nearby Milky Way Twin with a Very Low-luminosity AGN
Authors: Silva Patrícia da , Steiner J. E. , Menezes R. B. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
NGC 6744 is the nearest and brightest south-hemisphere galaxy with a morphological type similar to that of the Milky Way. Using data obtained with the Integral Field Unit of the Gemini South Multi-Object Spectrograph, we found that this galaxy has a nucleus with LINER (Low Ionization Nuclear Emission Line Region) surrounded by three line emitting regions. The analysis of the Hubble Space Telescope archival images revealed that the nucleus is associated with a blue compact source, probably corresponding to the active galactic nucleus (AGN). The circumnuclear emission seems to be part of the extended narrow line region of the AGN. One of these regions, located ∼1″ southeast of the nucleus, seems to be associated with the ionization cone of the AGN. The other two regions are located ∼1″ south and ∼0.″6 northeast of the nucleus and are not aligned with the gaseous rotating disk. Spectral synthesis shows evidence that this galaxy may have gone through a merger about one billion years ago. On the basis of the kinematic behavior, we found a gaseous rotating disk, not co-aligned with the stellar disk. Given the relative degree of ionization and luminosities of the nuclear and circumnuclear regions, we suggest that the AGN was more luminous in the past and that the current circumnuclear emissions are echoes of that phase.
The Stellar Halo of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 1560
Authors: Greggio Laura , Falomo Renato , Scarpa Riccardo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We report on the detection of a stellar halo around NGC 1560, a 109
M
⊙ spiral galaxy member of the Maffei group. We obtained deep images in the r- and i-bands using the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias in a field centered at ∼3.7 arcmin (projected distance of 3.5 kpc) from the center of this galaxy. The luminosity function and the color–magnitude diagram show a clear excess of stars with respect to the expected foreground level at magnitudes fainter than the red giant branch tip at the distance of NGC 1560. The colors of the halo stars imply a metallicity of Z ∼ Z
⊙/50, while their counts correspond to a stellar mass of ∼107
M
⊙ in the sampled region. Assuming a power-law profile for the surface mass density of the halo, our data suggest a total stellar mass of 108
M
⊙ for the halo of NGC 1560.
The Failure of Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer at Medium to High Optical Depths
Authors: Camps Peter , Baes Maarten 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Computer simulations of photon transport through an absorbing and/or scattering medium form an important research tool in astrophysics. Nearly all software codes performing such simulations for three-dimensional geometries employ the Monte Carlo (MC) radiative transfer (RT) method, including various forms of biasing to accelerate the calculations. Because of the probabilistic nature of the MC technique, the outputs are inherently noisy, but it is often assumed that the average values provide the physically correct result. We show that this assumption is not always justified. Specifically, we study the intensity of radiation penetrating an infinite, uniform slab of material that absorbs and scatters the radiation with equal probability. The basic MCRT method, without any biasing mechanisms, starts to break down for transverse optical depths τ ≳ 20 because so few of the simulated photon packets reach the other side of the slab. When including biasing techniques such as absorption/scattering splitting and path length stretching, the simulated photon packets do reach the other side of the slab but the biased weights do not necessarily add up to the correct solution. While the noise levels seem to be acceptable, the average values sometimes severely underestimate the correct solution. Detecting these anomalies requires the judicious application of statistical tests, similar to those used in the field of nuclear particle transport, possibly in combination with convergence tests employing consecutively larger numbers of photon packets. In any case, for transverse optical depths τ ≳ 75 the MC methods used in our study fail to solve the one-dimensional slab problem, implying the need for approximations such as a modified random walk.
Idéologies hypermodernes, quels enjeux dans la construction de la parentalité ?
Authors: Vennat Delphine , Panagiotou Danaé , Mellier Denis 
Published: July 2018

Les idéologies hypermodernes valorisent l’individualisme et la réalisation de soi. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer leur impact sur l’accès à la parentalité après la naissance. Cet impact serait important, car la parentalité passe, alors, par des bouleversements identitaires, qui fragilisent les individus. Le soutien légitime du groupe familial risque, ici, de faire défaut au parent. Cette hypothèse est d’abord discutée avant d’être illustrée par un cas clinique. La dépression maternelle post-partum , si fréquente actuellement en Occident, s’accompagne ainsi d’une faiblesse du soutien groupal de la mère. La disparition des rites, qui étayaient le devenir parent, laisse également les individus seuls avec l’injonction de devenir autonomes. Un exemple montre comment, chez une mère, le sentiment de solitude très fort après la naissance perdure jusqu’aux 18 mois du bébé. L’absence réelle de l’étayage par sa famille se double d’une injonction, que cette mère a intériorisée très tôt, de « se débrouiller » par elle-même. Le cas clinique est issu d’un matériel recueilli dans le cadre d’une recherche doctorale. Les familles retenues pour l’étude habitent une zone urbaine en France. Dans ces familles, la mère vit avec le père de l’enfant, elle est primipare et a entre 18 et 40 ans. Le suivi a été réalisé au domicile des parents en huit étapes : avant les 2 semaines du bébé, puis à 6 semaines et à 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 et 18 mois du bébé.
Le libéralisme de Boisguilbert (un pourfendeur de la contre-productivité)
Authors: Ege Ragip , Rivot Sylvie 
Published: July 2018

Cette étude se propose de revenir sur la pensée économique de Boisguilbert pour faire ressortir l’originalité et la spécificité du libéralisme que l’auteur préconise. Les enjeux majeurs de ce libéralisme concernent d’une part la « consommation » (la demande solvable) et les « prix de proportion », et d’autre part le motif d’anticipations-informations qui nécessite une réforme conséquente de la taille et du système pernicieux des aides et des douanes. Deux types d’avertissement traversent les analyses économiques de Boisguilbert : un avertissement en direction des agents économiques (particulièrement les producteurs) qui sont invités à ne pas perdre de vue la condition de possibilité de leur propre survie, à savoir le maintien scrupuleux des prix de proportion et un avertissement adressé à l’endroit des pouvoirs publics en leur rappelant constamment que c’est en croyant bien faire qu’on aggrave le mal qu’on croit combattre (le danger de contre-productivité).
De l’institutionnalisme du Wisconsin à une perspective macroéconomique aux États-Unis : le cas du débat à l’origine de l’assurance-chômage
Authors: Bazzoli Laure 
Published: July 2018

La politique sociale est un champ d’expression des débats et des évolutions analytiques et politiques pendant le New Deal qui a été peu étudié par les historiens de la pensée économique. Cet article se concentre sur la querelle à l’œuvre dans la genèse de l’institution de l’assurance-chômage américaine qui a mis en scène l’institutionnalisme du Wisconsin autour de J. R. Commons et un groupe disparate de réformateurs et d’économistes développant des « éléments keynésiens » d’analyse dans la pensée américaine. Les enseignements du chemin américain sont mis en avant, complétant ainsi l’historiographie de cette période.
1. Les grandes phases de l’histoire du commerce international
Authors: Becuwe Stéphane , Blancheton Bertrand 
Published: July 2018

Cet article met en perspective historique le processus de mondialisation commerciale depuis le début du XIX e siècle. Il montre que la mondialisation n’est ni linéaire, ni irréversible. L’actuel tassement des échanges est interprété comme une consolidation et non comme une crise de la mondialisation à l’instar de la période 1880-1913.
3. Le protectionnisme est-il inéluctable ?
Authors: Siroën Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2018

Depuis la crise de 2009, le discours protectionniste s’est amplifié sans que le monde n’abandonne pour autant le libre-échange. La situation de l’économie mondiale, l’existence d’un leadership, l’abandon des activités de main d’œuvre dans les pays riches associé à la montée des inégalités ont joué de manière contradictoire, mais la mondialisation de la « chaîne de valeur », qui accroit l’interdépendance des pays, reste un frein puissant à la généralisation du protectionnisme.
Conformer l’économie digitale à un modèle social réinventé
Authors: Degryse Christophe 
Published: July 2018

Une approche « sociale » de ce qu’on appelle la digitalisation de l’économie permet d’observer deux évolutions distinctes mais liées, qui auront probablement toutes deux des impacts importants sur l’avenir du travail et de l’emploi. On y trouve d’une part les progrès impressionnants dans l’intelligence artificielle et la robotisation au sens large (sous ses formes d’automatisation de processus et de computérisation de tâches), qui permettent désormais de faire accomplir par des robots des tâches manuelles et cognitives non routinières. De l’autre, l’émergence d’un nouveau business model , celui des plateformes numériques, rendu possible principalement par la généralisation des réseaux, des smartphones et tablettes, et le développement des applications mobiles. Les enjeux sociaux de cette digitalisation de l’économie sont souvent présentés, de manière limitée, sous la forme de risque de destruction d’emplois par l’automatisation. Mais d’autres enjeux existent, qui concernent la transformation des emplois existants et le déplacement du travail, notamment par le phénomène de sous-traitance en ligne.
Des écueils en droit de l’économie de plateformes : regards renouvelés sur certaines dichotomies fondamentales
Authors: Wattecamps Céline , Kleczewski Anne-Grace , Marique Enguerrand 
Published: July 2018

L’économie collaborative constitue un phénomène en pleine expansion qui retient l’attention, notamment, des économistes, des sociologues, ainsi que des juristes. En l’absence d’une notion fédératrice, la présente contribution sera consacrée aux « transactions par l’intermédiaire de plateformes numériques ». En effet, ce qui est avant tout déterminant pour l’analyse juridique, c’est l’intervention de plateformes agissant comme intermédiaires entre deux catégories d’utilisateurs, des fournisseurs de biens ou prestataires de service d’une part, et des utilisateurs finaux d’autre part. Que ce soit en droit social, en droit de la consommation ou en droit fiscal, ce phénomène invite à nous interroger sur les catégories et notions légales en vigueur, pour déconstruire la rhétorique de certains acteurs et promouvoir l’existence d’un cadre réglementaire juste et effectif.
Type 1 IFN Induction by Cytosolic Nucleic Acid Is Intact in Neonatal Mononuclear Cells, Contrasting Starkly with Neonatal Hyporesponsiveness to TLR Ligation Due to Independence from Endosome-Mediated IRF3 Activation
Authors: Brennan Kiva , O’Leary Bobby D. , Mc Laughlin Danielle , Breen Eamon P. , Connolly Emma , Ali Nusrat , O’Driscoll David N. , Ozaki Ema , Mahony Rebecca , Mulfaul Kelly , Ryan Aoife M. , Ni Chianain Aine , McHugh Alison , Molloy Eleanor J. , Hogan Andrew E. , Paran Sri , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Doyle Sarah L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Two million infants die each year from infectious diseases before they reach 12 mo; many of these diseases are vaccine preventable in older populations. Pattern recognition receptors represent the critical front-line defense against pathogens. Evidence suggests that the innate immune system does not fully develop until puberty, contributing to impaired response to infection and impaired vaccine responses in neonates, infants, and children. The activity of the pattern recognition receptor family of cytosolic nucleic acid (CNA) sensors in this pediatric population has not been reported. We show that in direct contrast to weak TLR-induced type I IFN in human cord blood mononuclear cells, cord blood mononuclear cells are capable of initiating a potent response to CNA, inducing both antiviral type I IFN and, unexpectedly, proinflammatory TNF-α. A deficiency in Rab11-GTPase endosome formation and consequent lack of IRF3 activation in neonatal monocytes is at least in part responsible for the marked disparity in TLR-induced IFN production between neonatal and adult monocytes. CNA receptors do not rely on endosome formation, and therefore, these responses remain intact in neonates. Heightened neonatal responses to CNA challenge are maintained in children up to 2 y of age and, in marked contrast to TLR4/9 agonists, result in IL-12p70 and IFN-γ generation. CNA sensors induce robust antiviral and proinflammatory pathways in neonates and children and possess great potential for use as immunostimulants or vaccine adjuvants for targeted neonatal and pediatric populations to promote cell-mediated immunity against invasive infectious disease.
Cellular Mechanisms Controlling Surfacing of AICL Glycoproteins, Cognate Ligands of the Activating NK Receptor NKp80
Authors: Neuss Sebastian , Bartel Yvonne , Born Christina , Weil Sandra , Koch Joachim , Behrends Christian , Hoffmeister Meike , Steinle Alexander 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
AICL glycoproteins are cognate activation-induced ligands of the C-type lectin-like receptor NKp80, which is expressed on virtually all mature human NK cells, and NKp80–AICL interaction stimulates NK cell effector functions such as cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. Notably, AICL and NKp80 are encoded by adjacent genes in the NK gene complex and are coexpressed by human NK cells. Whereas AICL is intracellularly retained in resting NK cells, exposure of NK cells to proinflammatory cytokines results in AICL surfacing and susceptibility to NKp80-mediated NK fratricide. In this study, we characterize molecular determinants of AICL glycoproteins that cause intracellular retention, thereby controlling AICL surface expression. Cys87 residing within the C-type lectin-like domain not only ensures stable homodimerization of AICL glycoproteins by disulfide bonding, but Cys87 is also required for efficient cell surface expression of AICL homodimers and essential for AICL–NKp80 interaction. In contrast, cytoplasmic lysines act as negative regulators targeting AICL for proteasomal degradation. One atypical and three conventional N-linked glycosylation sites in the AICL C-type lectin-like domain critically impact maturation and surfacing of AICL, which is strictly dependent on glycosylation of at least one conventional glycosylation site. However, although the extent of conventional N-linked glycosylation positively correlates with AICL surface expression, the atypical glycosylation site impairs AICL surfacing. Stringent control of AICL surface expression by glycosylation is reflected by the pronounced interaction of AICL with calnexin and the impaired AICL expression in calnexin-deficient cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that AICL expression and surfacing are tightly controlled by several independent cellular posttranslational mechanisms.