bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative Charging of Transition‐Metal Phosphides via Strong Electronic Coupling for Destabilization of Alkaline Water
Authors: You Bo , Zhang Yadong , Jiao Yan , Davey Kenneth , Qiao Shi Zhang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHeterogeneous electrocatalysis typically involves charge transfer between surface active sites and adsorbed species. Therefore, modulating the surface charge state of an electrocatalyst can be used to enhance performance. A series of negatively charged transition‐metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu,and NiCo) phosphides were fabricated by designing strong electronic coupling with hydr(oxy)oxides formed in situ. Physicochemical characterizations, together with DFT computations, demonstrate that strong electronic coupling renders transition‐metal phosphides negatively charged. This facilitates destabilization of alkaline water adsorption and dissociation to result in significantly improved H2 evolution. Negatively charged Ni2P/nickel hydr(oxy)oxide for example exhibits a significantly low overpotential of 138 mV at 100 mA cm−2, superior to that without strong electronic coupling and also commercial Pt/C.
Ermüdungsversuche an profilierten Spannbetonträgern unter Querkraftbeanspruchung
Authors: Hillebrand Matthias , Hegger Josef 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDie Anforderungen an Brückenbauwerke erhöhen sich seit Jahren durch steigende Verkehrszahlen, die insbesondere bei Brücken im Bestand zu einer hohen Ausnutzung der Querkraftbewehrung unter zyklischer Belastung führen. Zur Beschreibung des Ermüdungstragverhaltens von querkraftbewehrten, profilierten Spannbetonbalken unter zyklischer Querkraftbeanspruchung wurden am Institut für Massivbau der RWTH Aachen Versuche durchgeführt, um insbesondere die Einflüsse aus Querkraftbewehrungsgrad, Oberlast und Amplitude zu untersuchen. Die Versuche mit einem Querkraftbewehrungsgrad von ca. 0,67 % ergänzen bereits in der Vergangenheit getestete Balken mit geringerer bzw. ohne Querkraftbewehrung. Die zyklische Belastung führt zu einem sukzessiven Versagen der Querkraftbewehrung und ausgeprägten Umlagerungen der Kräfte, die sich über mehrere Hunderttausend Lastwechsel erstrecken. In den Versuchen wurden deutlich größere Lastspielzahlen erreicht, als sich nach aktuellen Nachweisen für Querkraft unter Ermüdung ergeben. Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden die Ergebnisse von sechs neuen Versuchen mit I‐Profil vorgestellt.
Novel fluorescent sensor using molecularly imprinted silica microsphere‐coated CdSe@CdS quantum dots and its application in the detection of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol from environmental water samples
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Piaopiao , Zheng Shan , Xing Yichen , Huang Chaobiao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, a high fluorescence sensitivity and selectivity, molecularly imprinted nanofluorescent polymer sensor (MIP@SiO2@QDs) was prepared using a reverse microemulsion method. 2,4,6‐Trichlorophenol (2,4,6‐TCP) was detected using fluorescence quenching. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), quantum dots (QDs) and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) were used as cross‐linker, signal sources and functional monomer respectively. The sensor (MIP@SiO2@QDs) and the non‐imprinted polymer sensor (NIP@SiO2@QDs) were characterized using infra‐red (IR) analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The selectivity of MIP@SiO2@QDs was examined by comparing 2,4,6‐TCP with other similar functional substances including 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP), 2,6‐dichlorophenol (2,6‐DCP) and 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP). Results showed that MIP@SiO2@QDs had better selectivity for 2,4,6‐TCP than the other compounds. Fluorescence quenching efficiency displayed a good linear response at the 2,4,6‐TCP concentration range 5–1000 μmol/L. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.9 μmol/L (3σ, n = 9). This method was equally applicable for testing actual samples with a recovery rate of 98.0–105.8%. The sensor had advantages of simple pretreatment, good sensitivity and selectivity, and wide linear range and could be applied for the rapid detection of 2,4,6‐TCP in actual samples.
Children and “junk food” advertising: Critique of a recent Australian study
Authors: Rossiter John R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA field experiment by Australian public health researchers Norman, Kelly, McMahon, and others allegedly demonstrated that primary school children's physical health is threatened by exposure to “junk food” advertising. Their study was published in the international health journal Appetite and was clearly intended to influence government regulatory policy. The methodology of the study was taken, without acknowledgement, from an earlier American study in the Journal of Consumer Research and much other research on children's consumer behavior, including pioneering studies conducted by the present author‚ was ignored. Also, quite unforgivably, the researchers neglected to cite Australia's already strict regulatory controls on and guidelines for advertising directed to children. The present author sent a rejoinder to Appetite pointing out the many problems with Norman et al.'s research and recommending that their article be withdrawn, but the editor insisted I revise it to remove almost all the criticisms, which I naturally refused to do. Instead, by publishing this article in JCB, the present author is hoping to make consumer researchers aware of the sort of poorly performed and ideologically influenced research relating to marketing and consumer behavior that is appearing in the health journals. The present article also contributes more generally by exposing problems that must be avoided in experimental research on consumer behavior.
Sunlight‐Driven Production of Methylcyclohexane from Water and Toluene Using ZnSe : Cu(In,Ga)Se2‐Based Photocathode
Authors: Kageshima Yosuke , Goto Yosuke , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Nakabayashi Mamiko , Shibata Naoya , Domen Kazunari , Minegishi Tsutomu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA three‐dimensional reaction field composed of a thick, porous TiO2 layer decorated with Pt and an anionic ionomer was fabricated on the surface of a membrane photocathode assembly (MPA). This MPA comprised (ZnSe)0.85(CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2)0.15 (ZnSe : CIGS) particles that promoted the photoelectrochemical (PEC) production of methylcyclohexane (MCH) from toluene and water. The Pt/TiO2 layer provided selective active sites for MCH production as well as reactant supply pathways. A tandem PEC cell consisting of the Pt/TiO2‐modified ZnSe : CIGS MPA and a photoanode exhibited spontaneous MCH production with a solar‐to‐MCH (STMCH) conversion efficiency as high as 0.32 %. This is the first‐ever report of sunlight‐driven overall MCH production without any assistance of external bias voltages and demonstrates the feasibility of driving this reaction as an artificial photosynthesis.
Carbon Cloth Modified with Metal‐Organic Framework Derived CC@CoMoO4‐Co(OH)2 Nanosheets Array as a Flexible Energy‐Storage Material
Authors: Zhao Yunhe , Dong Hongxing , He Xinyi , Yu Jing , Chen Rongrong , Liu Qi , Liu Jingyuan , Zhang Hongsen , Yu Jia , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDue to the urgent demand for portable electronics, enormous research efforts are devoted for the development of flexible, wearable and lightweight supercapacitors. Herein, we report a cost‐effective chemical liquid process followed with a refluxing route to grow CC@CoMoO4‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets with Co‐based MOF as precursor. The resulting CC@CoMoO4‐Co(OH)2‐4 electrode delivers a significantly enhanced specific capacitance of 2028 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and capacitance of 1581.8 F g−1 at 20 A g−1. Furthermore, the flexible all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor (CC@CoMoO4‐Co(OH)2//AC) is assembled, displays a high energy density of 61 Wh kg−1 at power density of 800 W kg−1, with an excellent cycle stability. These exceptional electrochemical performances could be ascribed to the unique structure and multi‐metal ion combination contributes to the ideal synergistic effects, which also signify that the potential application of CC@CoMoO4‐Co(OH)2 nansheets in high‐performance supercapacitors.
Pentaerythritol Derived Tetrapode Exhibiting a Nematic‐Like Mesophase at Ambient Temperatures
Authors: Hann Jodie L. , Mandle Richard J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe nematic liquid‐crystalline phase exhibits average orientational order, with no positional organisation. So‐called modulated nematic phases exhibit this same orientational order with an additional spatially periodic modulation of the nematic director, the most common of which is the twist‐bend nematic phase. We report a pentaerythritol derived tetrapode which exhibits a nematic‐like mesophase at ambient temperature, and we denote this new mesophase ‘NX’ to indicate a nematic phase of unknown structure. X‐ray scattering experiments refute the possibility of positional order, yet optical textures are consistent with a periodic structure. We suggest that the mesophase exhibited by this material is a new type of nematic‐like mesophase with some form of modulated structure. We find the NX phase to exhibit an electrooptic response consistent with a nematic‐like phase.
Comprehensive investigation on synthetic cannabinoids: Metabolic behavior and potency testing, using 5F‐APP‐PICA and AMB‐FUBINACA as model compounds
Authors: Fabregat‐Safont David , Mardal Marie , Noble Carolina , Cannaert Annelies , Stove Christophe P. , Sancho Juan V. , Linnet Kristian , Hernández Félix , Ibáñez María 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids (SCs) represented 45% of new psychoactive substances seizures in Europe (data from 2016). The consumption of SCs is an issue of concern due to their still unknown toxicity and effects on human health, the great variety of compounds synthetized, and the continuous modifications being made to their chemical structure to avoid regulatory issues. These compounds are extensively metabolized in the organism and often cannot be detected as the intact molecule in human urine. The monitoring of SCs in forensic samples must be performed by the analysis of their metabolites. In this work, a workflow for the comprehensive study of SC consumption is proposed and applied to 5F‐APP‐PICA (also known as PX 1 or SRF‐30) and AMB‐FUBINACA (also known as FUB‐AMB or MMB‐FUBINACA), based not only on the elucidation of their metabolites but also including functional data using the NanoLuc approach, previously published. Both cannabinoids were completely metabolized by human hepatocytes (12 and 8 metabolites were elucidated by high resolution mass spectrometry for 5F‐APP‐PICA and AMB‐FUBINACA, respectively) and therefore suitable consumption markers are proposed. The bioassays revealed that 5F‐APP‐PICA presented lower activity than AMB‐FUBINACA at CB1 and CB2 receptors, based on the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) and the maximum response (Emax). These results are in agreement with the different intoxication cases found in the literature for AMB‐FUBINACA.
A novel conserved enhancer at zebrafish zic3 and zic6 loci drives neural expression
Authors: Minhas Rashid , Paterek Aleksandra , Łapiński Maciej , Bazała Michał , Korzh Vladimir , Winata Cecilia L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying enhancers and deciphering their putative roles represent a major step to better understand the mechanism of metazoan gene regulation, development, and the role of regulatory elements in disease. Comparative genomics and transgenic assays have been used with some success to identify critical regions that are involved in regulating the spatiotemporal expression of genes during embryogenesis.ResultsWe identified two novel tetrapod‐teleost conserved noncoding elements within the vicinity of the zic3 and zic6 loci in the zebrafish genome and demonstrated their ability to drive tissue‐specific expression in a transgenic zebrafish assay. The syntenic analysis and robust green fluorescent expression in the developing habenula in the stable transgenic line were correlated with known sites of endogenous zic3 and zic6 expression.ConclusionThis transgenic line that expresses green fluorescent protein in the habenula is a valuable resource for studying a specific population of cells in the zebrafish central nervous system. Our observations indicate that a genomic sequence that is conserved between humans and zebrafish acts as an enhancer that likely controls zic3 and zic6 expression.
Ecological stakeholder analogs as intermediaries between freshwater biodiversity conservation and sustainable water management
Authors: van Rees Charles B. , Cañizares Jessica Rozek , Garcia Gabriela Marie , Reed J. Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWater security is essential for human well‐being and is among the biggest challenges in environmental governance. Governments and nonprofit organizations alike are gaining increased appreciation for the contributions of intact ecosystems to water security, whereas conservation scientists call for decisive action to address the dire condition of earth's freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity. Stakeholder‐based, Habermasian decision‐making frameworks such as integrated water resources management (IWRM) are widely used to equitably manage complex water systems, and ecologists have developed increasingly sophisticated frameworks (e.g., environmental flows) to quantify and anticipate the ecological outcomes of water management decisions. IWRM implementation is criticized for being excessively top‐down whereas ecological frameworks in water decision‐making can fail to account for the cultural and societal values of ecosystems, and it remains unclear how best to connect the desired bottom‐up implementation of IWRM with the expert‐based, top‐down structure of hydro‐ecological research. We revisit and elaborate upon the ecological stakeholder analog (ESA) concept, which treats ecological phenomena (e.g., species and processes) as stakeholders and ecological information as interests and positions with respect to water management. We then illustrate how ESAs can address the many calls to improve environmental flows and IWRM strategies by improving their integration, and how established conceptual frameworks from stakeholder theory applies readily to ecological stakeholders.
Electrolyte Membranes Based on Molten KH5(PO4)2 for Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cells
Authors: Liu L. , Li H. , Chen X. , Lei X. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElectrolyte membranes loaded with KH5(PO4)2 are prepared by immersing SiO2/polybenzimidazole (PBI) matrices into molten KH5(PO4)2. The morphologies, chemical structures, thermal properties, mechanical properties and proton conductivities of the electrolyte membranes are examined. The utilization of SiO2/PBI matrices ensures that the KH5(PO4)2‐loaded electrolyte membranes possess excellent mechanical properties. With the highest SiO2 doping rate, the K/(3SiO2/7PBI) electrolyte membrane has favorable mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 55.83 MPa and an elongation of ∼55%, which satisfy the requirements for membrane electrode assemblies in intermediate temperature fuel cells. In addition, this electrolyte membrane possesses a superior conductivity of 0.139 S cm−1 at 180 °C under an H2O/N2 atmosphere and shows desirable conductivity stability at elevated temperatures. A fuel cell equipped with the K/(3SiO2/7PBI) electrolyte membrane exhibits an open‐circuit voltage of 1.01 V and its peak power density reaches 36 mWcm−2.
Identification of distinctive features in human intracranial tumors by label‐free nonlinear multimodal microscopy
Authors: Galli Roberta , Uckermann Ortrud , Sehm Tina , Leipnitz Elke , Hartmann Christian , Sahm Felix , Koch Edmund , Schackert Gabriele , Steiner Gerald , Kirsch Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNonlinear multimodal microscopy offers a series of label‐free techniques with potential for intraoperative identification of tumor borders in situ using novel endoscopic devices. Here, we combined coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering, two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation imaging to analyze biopsies of different human brain tumors, with the aim to understand whether the morphological information carried by single field of view images, similar to what delivered by present endoscopic systems, is sufficient for tumor recognition. We imaged 40 human biopsies of high and low grade glioma, meningioma, as well as brain metastases of melanoma, breast, lung and renal carcinoma, in comparison with normal brain parenchyma. Furthermore, five biopsies of schwannoma were analyzed and compared with nonpathological nerve tissue. Besides the high cellularity, the typical features of tumor, which were identified and quantified, are intracellular and extracellular lipid droplets, aberrant vessels, extracellular matrix collagen and diffuse TPEF. Each tumor type displayed a particular morphochemistry characterized by specific patterns of the above‐mentioned features. Nonlinear multimodal microscopy performed on fresh unprocessed biopsies confirmed that the technique has the ability to visualize tumor structures and discern normal from neoplastic tissue likewise in conditions close to in situ.
miR‐22enhances the radiosensitivity of small‐cell lung cancer by targeting theWRNIP1
Authors: Jiang Wenhua , Han Xuemei , Wang Jingrui , Wang Lin , Xu Zanmei , Wei Qiao , Zhang Wenpan , Wang Haitao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSmall‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by high cellular proliferation and early distant metastasis. Our study aimed to explore the effect of miR‐22‐3p (miR‐22, for short) on SCLC radiosensitivity and its molecular mechanisms. The expression level of miR‐22 was evaluated in a human normal lung epithelial cell line and a human SCLC cell line, and cell apoptosis and migration were detected. The expression of the miR‐22 direct target WRNIP1 mRNA and protein were explored. Five differentially expressed genes were detected. The miR‐22 expression in NCI‐H446 was significantly decreased, and miR‐22 overexpression significantly promoted cell apoptosis. miR‐22 overexpression could significantly inhibit the cell migration of SCLC cells, and miR‐22 had a negative regulatory effect on WRNIP1 mRNA and protein levels. KLK8 was downregulated, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) of four other genes (PC, SCUBE1, STC1, and GPM6A) was upregulated mRNA in cells overexpressing miR‐22, which was in accordance with the bioinformatics analysis. miR‐22 could enhance the radiosensitivity of SCLC by targeting WRNIP1.
miR‐5590‐3p‐YY1 feedback loop promotes the proliferation and migration of triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Liang Feng , Fu Xin , Wang Linlin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLacking of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is a significant reason for the poor prognosis of patients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered to engage in the tumorigenesis and development of TNBC. miR‐5590‐3p has been found to be involved in the development of gastric cancer, but its role and underlying mechanism in TNBC remain obscure. In this study, it was discovered that miR‐5590‐3p was downregulated in TNBC tissues and cells. Function assays confirmed that miR‐5590‐3p overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process as well as promoted cell apoptosis in TNBC. Moreover, YY1 could bind with the promoter of miR‐5590‐3p and overexpression of YY1 inhibited the transcription of miR‐5590‐3p. It was found that YY1 acted as a downstream target gene to bind with miR‐5590‐3p and was negatively regulated by miR‐5590‐3p. Finally, it was discovered that overexpression of YY1 could partially rescue the miR‐5590‐3p overexpression‐mediated inhibitive effect on TNBC progression. Taken together these results, it can be concluded that miR‐5590‐3p‐YY1 feedback loop promoted the proliferation and migration of TNBC.
miR‐522 stimulates TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway and promotes osteosarcoma tumorigenesis by targeting PPM1A
Authors: Xu Xiqiang , Liu Mengmeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is identified as an aggressive malignancy of the skeletal system and normally occurs among young people. It is well accepted that microRNAs are implicated in biological activities of diverse tumors. Although miR‐522 has been proved to elicit oncogenic properties in a wide range of human cancers, the physiological function and latent mechanism of miR‐522 in OS tumorigenesis remain largely to be probed. In the current study, we certified that miR‐522 was highly expressed in OS cells and presented carcinogenic function by contributing to cell proliferation, migration, and EMT progression whereas dampening cell apoptosis. In addition, miR‐522 provoked TGF‐β/Smad pathway through targeting PPM1A. Finally, the results of mechanism experiments elucidated that miR‐522 stimulated TGF‐β/Smad pathway to induce the development of OS via targeting PPM1A, which exposed that miR‐522 may become a promising curative target for OS patients.
Cover Image, Volume 94, Issue 7
Authors: Wu Simiao , Qian Guangren , He Zhen 
Published: June 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Examination of inorganic‐based draw solutes and mitigation of their reverse solute flux in osmotic microbial fuel cells by Simiao Wu et al., DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5794.
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Skater's Cramp: A Possible Task‐Specific Dystonia in Dutch Ice Skaters
Authors: Nijenhuis Beorn , Schalkwijk Aron H.P. , Hendriks Sharon , Zutt Rodi , Otten Egbert , Tijssen Marina A.J. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundSkater's cramp is an involuntary lower leg movement in skilled speed skaters. We aim to evaluate whether skater's cramp is compatible with task‐specific dystonia.MethodsA case‐control study tested 5 speed skaters exhibiting symptoms of skater's cramp and 5 controls. Affected skaters completed a standardized questionnaire and neurological examination. Video analyses included skating normally, intensely, and with extra mass around the skater's ankles. An Inertial Motion Capturing (IMC) device mounted on both skates provided angular velocity data for both feet.ResultsMedian time of onset of skater's cramp occurred after 12 (range 3–22) years of speed skating. Skater's cramp appeared as task specific; its onset was sudden and correlated to stress and aberrant proprioception. Symptoms presented acutely and consistently during skating, unilaterally in 4 and bilaterally in 1 skater. Visually, skater's cramp was an active, patterned, and person‐specific jerking of a skater's foot, either exo‐ or endorotationally. It presented asymmetrically, repeating persistently as the foot neared the end of the swing phase. The skater's affected leg had a longer swing phase (median, 1.37 [interquartile range {IQR}, 0.35]/1.18 [IQR, 0.24] seconds; P < 0.01), a shorter glide phase (median, 1.09 [IQR, 0.25]/1.26 (IQR, 0.29) seconds; P < 0.01), and higher angular velocity during the jerking motion. Symptoms remained constant irrespective of speed or extra mass around the ankle (P > 0.05). No significant differences between legs were detected in the control group.ConclusionsObserved clinical, visual, and kinematic data could be an early and tentative indication of task‐specific dystonia.