bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastro-protective effects of methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla
Authors: Ramesh C , Prameela Rani A. 
Published: January 2019

Objective: The present research work was designed to investigate gastro protective potentials of methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla.
Methods: The aerial parts of Tephrosia calophylla were dried under shade, powdered and deffated with petroleum ether and then marc left over was subjected to methanol extraction using soxhlet apparatus. Antiulcer activity of methanol extract was determined against stress induced and aspirin induced ulcers in experimental animal models. The total number of ulcers formed, ulcer index, percentage inhibition, ulcerated area, protected area, pH and Total acidity were parameters in the study.
Results: Methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla have significantly reduced the total number of ulcers formed, ulcer index, ulcerated area and total acidity in therapeutic groups compare to vehicle control and there by significantly increased percentage inhibition of ulcers and protected area which was evident by significant rise in pH of gastric content. The effect of extracts was dose dependent and results were comparable to that of standard drug omeprazole.
Conclusion: The results obtained from the present work suggest that the methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla possess significant anti-ulcer potentials against experimentally induced ulcers in albino rats.
Keywords: Tephrosia calophylla, Anti ulcer activity, Ethanol, Aspirin Ulcer index, pH, total acidity, Percentage inhibition and percentage of protected area.
Gruhadhuma in Agada Yogas: a review
Authors: Hussain Gazala , Kadibagil Vinay R 
Published: January 2019

Gruhadhuma is an ingredient mentioned in Ayurveda pharmaceutics in a group of drugs termed as panchamrittika. It is an ingredient that is used in various formulations in the treatment of vishas (poisons). Many formulations for the management of various poisons like snake bite, keetavisha (insect poisons), etc. have been explained in Ayurveda treatise that contains it as an ingredient. The agada yogas (formulations for poisonous bites) mentioned for the management of various poisons in bruhatrayee contain ingredients that are both herbal and mineral in origin. Formulations having gruhadhuma have been mentioned for oral administration, as nasya (nasal inhalation), anjana (collyrium), lepa (anointment), etc. A literary search through the treatises of Ayurveda has put a light on the various formulations containing it.
Keywords: Agadayogas, Gruhadhuma, poisons, formulations
Virtual screening and molecular docking of Anti-Antileishmanial for selected pharmacophore for visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Rana Sindhuprava , Sivaperumal R 
Published: January 2019

Objective: DNA amplification of Cysteine protease of Leishmania donovani and study the interaction of cysteine protease inhibitors, antileishmanial compounds with cysteine protease receptor in various computational programs.
Materials and methods: Cysteine protease DNA of Leishmania donovani was amplified by PCR. The sequence of cysteine protease has been modeled and docked with suitable inhibitors by using various servers and computational tools. The model was designed, compared and validated by DOPE and Verify 3D scores. The model and the compound interaction were studied by LibDock and other programs.
Results: Cysteine protease DNA of Leishmania donovani was successfully amplified by PCR. The structural modeling was done to achieve effective enzyme inhibition, inhibitors block the binding sites of that protein. Homology modeling of cysteine protease has been done and docked with suitable inhibitors by using various servers and computational tools. The model was designed, compared and validated by DOPE and Verify 3D scores by using DSv3.5. Licochalcone-a alone showed 37 LibDock conformations with 6 different poses, were suitably docked at the site 1 with hydrogen bond formation. The study would help to design the novel drugs in respect of resistant one for the treatment of harmful visceral Leishmaniasis.
Conclusion: The molecular interaction of vinyl sulfones, hydrazide derivatives, antileishmanial drugs molecules and carbohydrazide derivatives have exhibited ideal molecular interaction with cathepsin B, a cysteine protease of L. donovani, amino acids such as Cys29, Hisl88 and Asn208 has been found to be active residues. Licochalcone-a and hydrazide derivative may become future antileishmanial compounds, which needs to be tested in in vitro and in vivo.
Keywords: Cysteine Protease, Vinyl Sulfone, Hydrazide, Antileishmanial Drugs, Licochalcone, Visceral Leishmaniasis.
Update Review Article: Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Authors: Chouhan Priyanka , Dubey Rupal , Upmanyu Neeraj , Shrivastava Anoop 
Published: January 2019

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a frequent and severe complication in cirrhotic patients with ascites. To describe spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in the context of currently accepted criteria for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. A review of SBP and its associated etiopathogenic factors is presented. Numerous studies on mechanisms of disease, bacteriology, epidemiology, diagnostic markers, and current guidelines for its diagnosis, treatment and prevention are discussed. Peritonitis in patients with ascites in the absence of secondary causes, such as perforation of a viscus, occurs primarily in patients with end-stage liver disease. Enteric organisms, mainly gram-negative bacilli, probably translocate to regional lymph nodes to produce bacteremia and seeding of ascitic fluid. Signs and symptoms of peritonitis are usually subtle. The ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear leukocyte count is the best determinant for early diagnosis and treatment of SBP. Third-generation cephalosporins such as cefotaxime are considered the drugs of choice for treatment, whereas quinolones such as norfloxacin are used to decrease recurrence. Despite increased awareness, early diagnosis, and prompt and effective antimicrobial therapy, SBP recurs frequently and is associated with a high mortality rate. Patients with SBP should be assessed for candidacy for liver transplantation.
Keyword: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, Bacteriology, Epidemiology, Diagnostic markers, Cephalosporins
Drafting of comprehensive harmonized regulatory guideline for storage and disposal of radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Baldi Ashish , Singh Rajesh K. , Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: January 2019

Recent era has witnessed an inordinate rise in the demand for radiopharmaceuticals due to their multifarious biomedical and clinical application. Scientific fraternity worldwide is continuously working in developing different innovative radiopharmaceuticals of immense clinical importance both from specialized theranostics and personalized medicine point of view. However, this increased production and use of radiopharmaceuticals in various nuclear medicine procedures have been accompanied by an inevitable problem concerning their storage after use and final disposal. Keeping in view the inherently hazardous nature of radiopharmaceuticals due to the presence of radionuclide in them, it is imperative to have an adequate regulatory backup which if followed meticulously can assure their safe storage and disposal so that threat to men and environment is prevented. The present work has been aimed to draft comprehensive regulatory guidelines for the storage and disposal of radiopharmaceuticals which is in resonance with the global standards. For this, the methodology consisting of a thorough research of existing guidelines from Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) exclusively on storage and disposal of radiopharmaceuticals in India has been done with the objective to identify and select various parameters not yet explicitly covered as is their scope. The guideline has been made to suitably address all sorts of necessary documentation, allocation of responsibility, ways of waste prevention, various mechanisms to deal with radiopharmaceuticals waste in all forms of matter and suggestive recommendations.
Keywords: Radiopharmaceuticals, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Regulatory guidelines of radiopharmaceuticals
Anti-diarrhoeal activity of ethanolic extract of heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium roxb.
Authors: Shridhar Bhawna , Mani Munesh , Kumar Prevesh , Yadav Shivansh , Mahaur Kamal Kumar 
Published: January 2019

Diarrhoea is a common cause of death in developing countries and second most common cause of infant’s death worldwide. Pterocarpus marsupium is a medicinal herb belonging to the family Fabaceae has been traditionally used in the treatment of diarrhoea. They were found to contain tannins, alkaloids, saponins, sterols, triterpenes and reducing sugars. This study evaluated the antidiarrhoeal activity of ethanolic extract of heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium induced by castor oil and magnesium sulphate in rat at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. The doses were given orally and showed significant antidiarrhoeal activity comparable with that of the standard drug loperamide. The statistical analyses of results were carried out using one-way analysis (ANOVA) followed by Student t-test. On the basis of these ﬁndings, it can be assumed that Pterocarpus marsupium could be a potential source for novel discovery for antidiarrhoeal. These results may support the fact that this plant is used traditionally to cure diarrhoea.
Keywords: Pterocarpus marsupium, Anti-Diarrhoeal, Castor Oil, Magnesium Sulphate, Loperamide
Concept of essential hypertension in Ayurvedic perspectives
Authors: Kamble Sandeep S. , Khuje Sanjeev , Dwivedi O.P. , Jain Jinesh 
Published: January 2019

Essential hypertension is an instrumental disease which is the recent diagnostic invention of modern science. However there is no any reference which directly resembles with its pathophysiological views in Ayurvedic classics. Lots of works have been carried out on concept of hypertension to evaluate the perfect diagnosis and mode of treatment on the basis of Ayurvedic principles, but a widely acceptable theory is still not available. Different nomenclatures also have been adopted by Ayurvedic researchers like Rakta pradoshaj Vyadhi, Uchharaktachapa and Uchharaktabhara etc. on the basis of pathophysiology and symptoms of disease. Different diseases were considered parallels to hypertension such as; Raktagata Vata, Raktavrita Vata, Pranavrita Vyana, Vyanavrita Prana and Shleshmavrita Vyana etc. Ayurveda believe that pathophysiology of other diseases routes through hypertension.
Keywords: Ayurveda, hypertension, Rakta pradoshaj Vyadhi, Raktagata Vata and Raktavrita Vata.
Formulation and evaluation sustained release mucoadhesive gastroretentive pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate tablets for anti–ulcer
Authors: Reddy M. Sunitha , Jalajakshi Bairapaka 
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of this research work is to develop and evaluate the mucoadhesive gastroretentive tablets of an anti – ulcer drug for sustain release. Materials and Methods: Mucoadhesive tablets were prepared by direct compression method using Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K4M, Carbopol 940 NF and Guar gum in the various drug – polymer ratios. The prepared tablets were evaluated for their pre and post compression parameters. In this study the optimized formulation was obtained within the specified limits. Results: The final optimized formulation was showed mucoadhesion time 12 h, mucoadhesive strength of tablets were ready with HPMC K4M, Carbopol 940 NF and gum were found to be 45 g and the extreme proportion of drug release was obtained 97.11% at the completion of 12 h. The drug release mechanism for optimized formulations of pantoprazole mucoadhesive sustain release tablets was observed to be zero order kinetic model. Conclusion: The formulation of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose showed excellent mucoadhesive ability and a suitable drug release pattern.
Keywords: Pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate, Gastroretentive, mucoadhesive polymers
A novel approach for failed lumbar spine surgery with topical phytotherapeutic treatment: a unique case study
Authors: Ganguly Apurba , Ganguly Devika 
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to treat successfully the failed Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery (LSFS) with topical phytotherapy within twelve-week.
Methods: A male patient, aged 45years, was cripple with acute pain due to slipped disc for 4years and subsequently undergone LSFS at L4-L5 3years back. Being failed in surgery, he was treated with topical application of phytoextracts of seven medicinal plants (Cissus quadrangularis, Calotropis gigantea, Zingiber officinalis, Rosemarinus officinalis, Boswellia serratia, Curcuma longa and Withania somnifera) mixed with sesame oil and beeswax with specialized technique for twelve-week.
Results: The percentages of improvement in international-approved pain related abnormalities and overweight were observed after post-treatment: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (Right leg: 94.91, Left leg: 94.87 and Lower back: 93.62), WOMAC index (Pain: 88.23, Stiffness: 84.71 and Physical function: 74.07), Oswestry Disability index (ODI) (74.47), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) (62.50), Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) (80.00) and Body Mass Index (BMI) (11.93) and substantial improvement in radiological images as assessed by KL grading scale (≥ 2).
Conclusion: Results showed the failed LSFS at L4-L5 can be successfully treated with specialized topical phytotherapy within twelve-week, evidenced by normalization of international acclaimed pain parameters such as VAS, WOMAC index, ODI, LEFS, KPS and BMI and radiological feature as assessed by KL grading scale.
Key word: Intervertebral disc degeneration; Failed spine surgery; Phytoextracts; Phytotherapy for failed LSFS; Medicinal plants
In-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Argyreia cuneata (Willd.) Ker Gawl. (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Prashith Kekuda TR , Bharadwaj Nitish A. , Sachin MB , Sahana BK , Priyanka GS 
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Argyreia cuneata (Willd.) Ker Gawl. belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. The present study was performed to screen the potential of crude extract of various parts of A. cuneata to exhibit antimicrobial activity. Methods: Extraction of shade dried and powdered leaf, stem and flower of A. cuneata was carried out by maceration technique. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of extracts was evaluated by Agar well diffusion and Poisoned food technique respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging and ferric reducing assays. Results: All extracts were effective in inhibiting test bacteria and the susceptibility of bacteria to extracts was in the order: Bacillus cereus > Shigella flexneri > Escherichia coli > Salmonella typhimurium. Leaf extract and stem extract exhibited highest and least antibacterial activity, respectively. Extracts were effective in causing inhibition of seed-borne fungi viz. Aspergillus niger and Bipolaris sp to >50%. Leaf extract exhibited marked antifungal activity followed by flower extract and stem extract. All extracts were shown to exhibit concentration dependent scavenging and reducing activity. Antioxidant activity of extracts observed was in the order: leaf extract > flower extract > stem extract. Conclusion: Among various parts of A. cuneata, leaf extract exhibited marked antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The plant can be employed as an effective antimicrobial and antioxidant agent in suitable form. Further studies may be undertaken to recover phytochemicals from the plant and to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of isolated components.
Keywords: Argyreia cuneata, Maceration, Antimicrobial, Agar well diffusion, Poisoned food technique, Antioxidant
Formulation and evaluation of oxymetazoline hydrochloride nasal gels
Authors: Ramesh Yerikala , Abhirami B , Gnana Sri K , Kaveri S , Neha Sulthana SK , Sravya A.S.L.S.M. , Sujatha K 
Published: January 2019

The main intend of the implement sniff out formulate and evaluate oxymetazoline nasal gels. To achieve more persistent blood levels with decrease dosage of medicine by extended drug evidence and by passing hepatic initially cross metabolism and body including inferable disgrace. Mod FTIR & DSC spectra there is not any discrepancein the seam clean medicine, polymers & lipids. The Carbopol consisting of reinforce precail eventual scintillating moreover transparent Poloxamer, Hydroxy Propyl Methyl cellulose gels crop up prospective lucent as a consequence frosted slimy. The pH value of all developed formulations of gels (ONGF1-ONGF8) was in the range of 6.2 to 6.9. Spreadability of gels was in the range 19.51 - 33.91 g.cm/sec, The Viscosity of various formulated gels was found in range of 8628 to 9622 centipoises. The percentage drug content of all prepared gel formulations were found to be in the range of 78.53 to 98.56 %. The gel strength of all prepared formulations of gels was found to be in the range of 69 to 96 %. In-vitro diffusion drug release of Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride of nasal gels ONGF1 shows the 95% drug release. The release order kinetics shows all the formulations ONGF1 to ONGF8 formulations were followed Korsemeyer-Peppas with correlation coefficient R2=0.8969 & 0.2692 respectively. ONGF1 formulation follows both Zero order and Korsmeyer-Peppas models, it indicates diffusion release mechanism followed by non-fickian transport.
Keywords: Nasal, gels, Oxymetazoline, In vitro diffusion, Carbopol.
Study to assess the health issues among employees working in selected call centres of Mangalore
Authors: Insha Maqbool , Rodrigues Devina E , Chavan Kiran Rao 
Published: January 2019

Background: The new mantra for job opportunities among young population is “call center”. Though Bangalore is considered as hub for call centres, the slowly call centres are emerging in Mangalore. Since this job has got a lot of mental pressure, it can be even exhibited in the form of physical and physiological symptoms. Hence, an attempt has been made by the investigator to assess the health issues among call centre employees. Objectives: A descriptive study aimed to assess the health issues among employees working in selected call centres. Materials and Methods: Convenience sampling technique was used to select the sample size of 80 call centre employees. The dichotomous questionnaire having 22 items and baseline proforma having 16 items were given for the subjects to place their responses. Results: The present study revealed that overall percentage of health issues was around 19% that shows the employees had one or the other type of health issue. Headache was the most frequent complaint (66.3%) sounded by the subjects. Second common complaint was eye strain (45%) followed by back pain (43%). Less proportion (28.8%) of the respondents were restless and 27.5% had gained weight. There was a significant association between age (χ2 =16.20,p<0.05), gender (χ2 =6.5,p <0.05), religion (χ2 =33.80,p<0.05), marital status (χ2 =49.37,p<0.05), type of family (χ2 =45.0,p <0.05), habits (χ2 =174.1,p <0.05), frequency of habits (χ2 =48.05,p <0.05), years of job experience (χ2 =28.67,p<0.05), type of shift (χ2=45.0,p<0.05), average number of working hours (χ2 =72.20,p <0.05), rest period (χ2 =54.45,p<0.05), duration of rest period (χ2 =25.87,p<0.05) and participation in health awareness program (χ2=76.05,p<0.05) with baseline characteristics. Conclusion: From the findings, it can be inferred that the longer the working hours, the more the health issues. The rest period ensures the less health issues. More the years of job experience more will be the health issues, the smokers had more health issues than the non smokers.
Keywords: Health issues, employees, call centres
Role of Kalmegha (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Wall. Ex Nees) in treating Vatarakta (Gout)
Authors: Sehgal Harsh , Singh Bhavna , Thapliyal Sanandan 
Published: January 2019

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. Ex. Nees (A. Paniculata), i.e. Kalmegha is a medicinal plant traditionally used for various diseases such as fever, diarrhea, worm infestation, hepatic and skin diseases. Modern studies have also explicitly revealed that A. Paniculata has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-viral, anti-malarial, hepato-protective, anti-cancer, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and also work as an immune stimulator. On the other hand, Gout (Vatarakta) is one common metabolic disorder which affects over 1% of the world’s adult population.
Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy of A.Paniculata in Gouty Arthritis.
Study Design: A clinical research, prospective in style, wherein a hypothesis, based on the previous studies on the various effects of A. Paniculata, was made; to assess its efficacy in treating Gout.
Methodology: Randomly selected patients (n = 31) were administered powder of A. Paniculata, 2 gms thrice daily with water, for 45 days with a follow-up in every 15 days for one month. Assessment of the treatment was based on before treatment (BT) and after treatment (AT) effects of A. Paniculata on the parameters namely; subjective, i.e. the symptoms of Gout and objective, i.e. the levels of Serum Uric Acid.
Results: In subjective parameters, Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used. The outcome shows that except the symptom i.e. Pallor (shwetata), in all other symptoms of Gout, p value was either < 0.05 or < 0.01, which is considered to be significant to highly significant. In objective parameter, Z test was used, in which the outcome of p value was < 0.01, which indicates that the effect of A.Paniculata on Serum Uric Acid is highly significant.
Keywords: Kalmegha, Andrographis paniculata, Gout, Vatarakta, Serum Uric Acid, Clinical Studies
Perception on generic drugs among general populace visiting a community pharmacy Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Jangra Sarita , Bhyan Bhupinder , Nair Aprna 
Published: January 2019

Healthcare costs have been leading cause of poverty for many Indians. One of the solutions to this is to advocate generic drugs which are cheaper in comparison to brand name drugs. The government of India had made it mandatory for physicians to use only generic names while prescribing. This study was conducted to analyze the perception of general public in Jaipur, Rajasthan towards generic drugs. A simple close ended questionnaire was administered to selected participants visiting a community pharmacy over a period of 3 months. Patients were asked about their opinions on effectiveness and government promotion of generic substitutions. In the study consisting of 100 participants 92 of them had heard of generic drugs while 76% knew the difference between generic and branded drugs. 47.8% believed that brand name drugs were more effective than generic while 34.7% believed in lower quality of generic drugs. Only 30.4% of participants were aware of government’s efforts to promote generic drugs. 65% confirmed that they would prefer a generic drug only if it were recommended by a physician and not a pharmacist. Majority of participants had their primary source of information as social media. The result from study suggests that in order to reduce overall healthcare costs of Indians the government must ensure to include all healthcare professionals with physicians as primary informer and also include campaigns through social Medias.
Keywords: Healthcare costs, generic drugs, branded drugs, community pharmacy