bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primate research and conservation in Malaysia.
Authors: Lappan S. , Ruppert N. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Malaysia is inhabited by ≥25 nonhuman primate species from five families, one of the most diverse primate faunas on earth. Unfortunately, most Malaysian primates are threatened with extinction due to habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, hunting and the synergies among these processes. Here, we review research on primates and issues related to their conservation in Malaysia. Despite the charisma and cultural importance of primates, the importance of primates in ecological processes such as seed dispersal, and the robust development of biodiversity-related sciences in Malaysia, relatively little research specifically focused on wild primates has been conducted in Malaysia since the 1980s. Forest clearing for plantation agriculture has been a primary driver of forest loss and fragmentation in Malaysia. Selective logging also has primarily negative impacts on primates, but these impacts vary across primate taxa, and previously-logged forests are important habitats for many Malaysian primates. Malaysia is crossed by a dense road network, which fragments primate habitats, facilitates further human encroachment into forested areas and causes substantial mortality due to road kills. Primates in Malaysia are hunted for food or as pests, trapped for translocation due to wildlife-human conflict and hunted and trapped for illegal trade as pets. Further research on the distribution, abundance, ecology and behavioural biology of Malaysian primates is needed to inform effective management plans. Outreach and education are also essential to reduce primate-human conflict and demand for primates as pets. Ultimately, researchers, civil organizations, governmental authorities and local and indigenous communities in Malaysia must work together to develop, promote and implement effective strategies for protecting Malaysian primates and their habitats.
Functions of banker plants for biological control of arthropod pests in protected culture.
Authors: Yano E. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Banker plant systems have been developed for the biological control of various pest species in protected culture. In such systems, non-crop plants, i.e. banker plants, are placed in the greenhouse and harbour alternative food and beneficials. The banker plant system is an effective strategy for biological control in greenhouses, with many benefits over the conventional release of beneficials. Moreover, they facilitate the reproduction of beneficials. However, the way banker plants function in this setting has not been clarified. The mechanisms of selection by beneficials between the banker plant, with its hosts or prey, and the crop plants, with its pests, is also not understood. The extent of selection of the banker plants by natural enemies may result in a lack of dispersal from the plants to crops and reduce pest control efficiency, because after selection of the banker plant, the natural enemy should disperse from it to the crop plant. There are many publications demonstrating the usefulness of banker plants as an alternative food source for the reproduction of beneficials. However, few publications have considered selection. Herein, we propose a theoretical basis for the banker plant system based on a consideration of its functions.
‘Goats eat where they are tied up’: illicit and habitual corruption in Mozambique
Authors: Tvedten Inge , Picardo Rachi 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
The article shows that corruption is structural and omnipresent in Mozambican society, effectively legitimising corrupt practices at all levels. Using an anthropological approach, it argues that small-scale corruption has the most immediate effects for the urban and rural poor and is so common that it has become an integrated part of daily life, or ‘habitual’. While most of the poor relate to corruption through tacit acceptance and acts of compliance, its practical implications are most severe for the very poorest, who cannot afford to take part in corrupt exchanges and are excluded from vital social relationships and social services.
Identification of a novel advanced glycation end product derived from lactaldehyde
Authors: Fujimoto Shiori , Murakami Yoto , Miyake Haruna , Hayase Fumitaka , Watanabe Hirohito 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are implicated in the development of diabetic complications via the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). We have reported that the 3-hydroxypyridinium (3HP)-containing AGEs derived from α-hydroxyaldehydes physically interact with RAGE and show cytotoxicity. Lactaldehyde (LA) is formed from a reaction between threonine and myeloperoxidase, but no LA-derived AGEs have been characterized. Here, we identify the structure and physiological effects of an AGE derived from LA. We isolated a novel 3HP derivative, 2-acetamido-6-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)hexanoate, named as N-acetyl-LAPL (lactaldehyde-derived pyridinium-type lysine adduct), from a mixture of LA with Nα-acetyl-L-lysine. LAPL was also detected in the LA-modified protein. LAPL elicited toxicity in PC12 neuronal cells, but the effect was suppressed by the soluble form of RAGE as a decoy receptor. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance-based analysis revealed that LAPL specifically binds to recombinant RAGE. These results indicate that LA generates an AGE containing the 3HP moiety and contributes to RAGE-dependent cytotoxicity.
Abbreviations: AGEs: advanced glycation end products; RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation end products; 3HP: 3-hydroxypyridinium; LA: lactaldehyde; LAPL: lactaldehyde-derived pyridinium-type lysine adduct; BSA: bovine serum albumin; GLAP: glyceraldehyde-derived pyridinium; MPO: myeloperoxidase; HFBA: heptafluorobutyric acid; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; LC-ESI-QTOF-MS: liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance; LA-BSA: lactaldehyde-modified bovine serum albumin; PBS: phosphate buffered saline, GST, glutathione S-transferase; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; OP-lysine: 2-ammonio-6-(3-oxidopyridinium-1-yl)hexanoate; GLO1: glyoxalase 1; MG, methylglyoxal
Foiling Kamesian Belletristic Theory in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Scotland
Authors: Innocenti Beth 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Two disciplinary stories told in mid-eighteenth-century Scotland omit an important plotline. One story is that university teaching of rhetoric transformed into belletristic criticism; another is that ideology and culture transformed to reorient rhetorical theorizing toward everyday practices by non-elites. Untold is a story of how familiar protagonists, such as Hugh Blair, clashed with antagonists, such as John Witherspoon, in the Church of Scotland. Telling that story from the antagonists’ perspectives shows that they reflected on how rhetoric ought to be practiced to manage disagreement in a democratic institution and used what amounted to Kamesian belletrism as a foil.
Dialoging with Bigger Thomas: A Reception History of Richard Wright’sNative Son
Authors: McCann Bryan J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis essay develops a reception history of the Communist Party of the USA’s (CPUSA) responses to Richard Wright’s Native Son. Drawing on what Fiona Paton calls “cultural stylistics,” I argue that the voices residing in Native Son itself participated in the broader interpretive politics surrounding the novel. Specifically, Wright’s primary character, Bigger Thomas, functioned as a disruptive performance of blackness that revealed the limitations of communist orthodoxy for bringing expression to black subjectivity. I conclude by reflecting on the ways cultural stylistics poses salient ethical challenges to all of us who engage in the labor of critique.
Green economic efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta: spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors
Authors: Wang Zhenbo , Wang Xinming , Liang Longwu 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Based on economic-social-resource-environment perspective, which people’s welfare was considered compared with the traditional perspective, using SSU and PP model, spatial analysis method, spatial econometric model to study green economy efficiency (GRE) of 26 Cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2005 to 2015. The results show the following: Corrected GRE is markedly lower than conventional efficiency; Stage characteristics are obvious of GRE. An overall spatial pattern has emerged of lower efficiency in the east and higher efficiency in the west, and exist clear signs of spatial agglomeration. The spatial Dubin model has abetter fitting effect. The biggest direct effect on local green economic efficiency and spatial spillover effects on nearby areas is proportion of tertiary industry.
Extraction of bioactive compounds fruit from Rhizophora mucronata using sonication method
Authors: Ernawati  , Suprayitno E , Hardoko  , Yanuhar U 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Mangrove species Rhizopora mucronata fruit is currently widely used as a processed food ingredient. This aims of this research to determine the characteristics of fruit, phytochemical screening and rendement of extract in various solvents. Phytochemical research is qualitative descriptive using several reagents which include sample preparation, extraction, and phytochemical screening. From result of research got calculation of successive yield to extract methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane is 5,38%; 3.34% and 1.26%, The results of phytochemical screening of Rhizopora mucronata fruit extract on methanol solvent contain compounds: alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids and tannins. In the ethyl acetate solvent contains compounds: alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids and tannins. In the n-hexane solvent contain triterpenoid.
A pinch of salt: response of coastal grassland plants to simulated seawater inundation treatments
Authors: Hanley M E , Sanders S K D , Stanton H -M , Billington R A , Boden R 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
The combination of rising sea levels and increased storm frequency and intensity is predicted to increase the severity of oceanic storm surge events and the impact of flooding on coastal ecosystems globally. Understanding how plant communities respond to this threat necessitates experiments involving plant immersion in saline water, but logistical issues and natural variation in seawater composition mean that pure NaCl solutions or marine aquarium salts (MS) are widely used. Nonetheless, their comparative impact on plant ecophysiology, and thus relevance to understanding real-world flooding scenarios, is unknown.

Methods
In the first of two experiments, we examined how six ecophysiological responses in white clover (Trifolium repens) varied when plants were subjected to five different inundation treatments: deionized water, natural seawater, an MS solution and two NaCl solutions. In a second experiment, we examined how immersion in deionized water, MS solution and natural seawater affected six European perennial herb species, three native to Spanish sand dunes, and three from British coastal grasslands.

Results
The two NaCl solutions induced exceptional Trifolium mortality, but responses varied little between MS and seawater treatments. In the second experiment, although leaf tissue necrosis and proline concentrations increased, and growth decreased compared with untreated controls, only one response in one species varied between MS and seawater treatments. Chemical speciation modelling revealed major variation in free Na+ and Cl− between NaCl solutions and seawater, but minor differences between MS and seawater.

Conclusions
We show that NaCl solutions are unsuitable surrogates to investigate plant response to elevated environmental salinity. Although responses to natural seawater and MS were consistent within species, there was notable between-species variation. Consequently, the first steps to elucidating how these species-specific responses influence coastal plant community recovery following storm surge can likely be achieved using commercial marine aquarium salts as substitutes for natural seawater.
Aggrescan3D standalone package for structure-based prediction of protein aggregation properties
Authors: Kuriata Aleksander , Iglesias Valentin , Kurcinski Mateusz , Ventura Salvador , Kmiecik Sebastian 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Summary
Aggrescan3D (A3D) standalone is a multiplatform Python package for structure-based prediction of protein aggregation properties and rational design of protein solubility. A3D allows the re-design of protein solubility by combining structural aggregation propensity and stability predictions, as demonstrated by a recent experimental study. It also enables predicting the impact of protein conformational fluctuations on the aggregation properties. The standalone A3D version is an upgrade of the original web server implementation—it introduces a number of customizable options, automated analysis of multiple mutations and offers a flexible computational framework for merging it with other computational tools.

Availability and implementation
A3D standalone is distributed under the MIT license, which is free for academic and non-profit users. It is implemented in Python. The A3D standalone source code, wiki with documentation and examples of use, and installation instructions for Linux, macOS and Windows are available in the A3D standalone repository at https://bitbucket.org/lcbio/aggrescan3d.
VERA: agent-based modeling transmission of antibiotic resistance between human pathogens and gut microbiota
Authors: Glushchenko Oksana E , Prianichnikov Nikita A , Olekhnovich Evgenii I , Manolov Alexander I , Tyakht Alexander V , Starikova Elizaveta V , Odintsova Vera E , Kostryukova Elena S , Ilina Elena I 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Motivation
The resistance of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics is one of the most important issues of modern health care. The human microbiota can accumulate resistance determinants and transfer them to pathogenic microbiota by means of horizontal gene transfer. Thus, it is important to develop methods of prediction and monitoring of antibiotics resistance in human populations.

Results
We present the agent-based VERA model, which allows simulation of the spread of pathogens, including the possible horizontal transfer of resistance determinants from a commensal microbiota community. The model considers the opportunity of residents to stay in the town or in a medical institution, have incorrect self-treatment, treatment with several antibiotics types and transfer and accumulation of resistance determinants from commensal microorganism to a pathogen. In this model, we have also created an assessment of optimum observation frequency of infection spread among the population. Investigating model behavior, we show a number of non-linear dependencies, including the exponential nature of the dependence of the total number of those infected on the average resistance of a pathogen. As the model infection, we chose infection with Shigella spp., though it could be applied to a wide range of other pathogens.

Availability and implementation
Source code and binaries VERA and VERA.viewer are freely available for download at github.com/lpenguin/microbiota-resistome. The code is written in Java, JavaScript and R for Linux platform.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
On sparsity scales and covariance matrix transformations
Authors: Battey H S 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWe develop a theory of covariance and concentration matrix estimation on any given or estimated sparsity scale when the matrix dimension is larger than the sample size. Nonstandard sparsity scales are justified when such matrices are nuisance parameters, distinct from interest parameters, which should always have a direct subject-matter interpretation. The matrix logarithmic and inverse scales are studied as special cases, with the corollary that a constrained optimization-based approach is unnecessary for estimating a sparse concentration matrix. It is shown through simulations that for large unstructured covariance matrices, there can be appreciable advantages to estimating a sparse approximation to the log-transformed covariance matrix and converting the conclusions back to the scale of interest.
Scalp recorded spike ripples predict seizure risk in childhood epilepsy better than spikes
Authors: Kramer Mark A , Ostrowski Lauren M , Song Daniel Y , Thorn Emily L , Stoyell Sally M , Parnes McKenna , Chinappen Dhinakaran , Xiao Grace , Eden Uri T , Staley Kevin J , Stufflebeam Steven M , Chu Catherine J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the past decade, brief bursts of fast oscillations in the ripple range have been identified in the scalp EEG as a promising non-invasive biomarker for epilepsy. However, investigation and clinical application of this biomarker have been limited because standard approaches to identify these brief, low amplitude events are difficult, time consuming, and subjective. Recent studies have demonstrated that ripples co-occurring with epileptiform discharges (‘spike ripple events’) are easier to detect than ripples alone and have greater pathological significance. Here, we used objective techniques to quantify spike ripples and test whether this biomarker predicts seizure risk in childhood epilepsy. We evaluated spike ripples in scalp EEG recordings from a prospective cohort of children with a self-limited epilepsy syndrome, benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, and healthy control children. We compared the rate of spike ripples between children with epilepsy and healthy controls, and between children with epilepsy during periods of active disease (active, within 1 year of seizure) and after a period of sustained seizure-freedom (seizure-free, &gt;1 year without seizure), using semi-automated and automated detection techniques. Spike ripple rate was higher in subjects with active epilepsy compared to healthy controls (P = 0.0018) or subjects with epilepsy who were seizure-free ON or OFF medication (P = 0.0018). Among epilepsy subjects with spike ripples, each month seizure-free decreased the odds of a spike ripple by a factor of 0.66 [95% confidence interval (0.47, 0.91), P = 0.021]. Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of the presence of at least one spike ripple versus a classic spike event to identify group, we found comparable sensitivity and negative predictive value, but greater specificity and positive predictive value of spike ripples compared to spikes (P = 0.016 and P = 0.006, respectively). We found qualitatively consistent results using a fully automated spike ripple detector, including comparison with an automated spike detector. We conclude that scalp spike ripple events identify disease and track with seizure risk in this epilepsy population, using both semi-automated and fully automated detection methods, and that this biomarker outperforms analysis of spikes alone in categorizing seizure risk. These data provide evidence that spike ripples are a specific non-invasive biomarker for seizure risk in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and support future work to evaluate the utility of this biomarker to guide medication trials and tapers in these children and predict seizure risk in other at-risk populations.
Postnatally Acquired Zika Virus Disease Among Children, United States, 2016–2017
Authors: Lindsey Nicole P , Porse Charsey C , Potts Emily , Hyun Judie , Sandhu Kayleigh , Schiffman Elizabeth , Cervantes Kimberly B , White Jennifer L , Mason Krystal , Owens Kamesha , Holsinger Caroline , Fischer Marc , Staples J Erin ,   Zika Virus Disease Enhanced Surveillance Working Group, Jilek Wendy , Brown Jennifer , Stevens Taryn , Tonzel Julius , Scott-Waldron Christine , Simonson Sean , Feldman Katherine , Brooks Richard , Galvin Megan , Scotland Sarah , Brown Catherine , Garafalo Kristin , Ojo Mojisola , Worthington Karen , Thomas Nadia , Jamro Erica , Long Jonah , Miller Barry , Arshadmansab Sepehr , Broussard Kelly , Evert Nicole , Broyhill Jim , Mircoff Elena 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical findings among children with postnatally acquired Zika virus disease are not well characterized. We describe and compare clinical signs and symptoms for children aged &lt;18 years.MethodsZika virus disease cases were included if they met the national surveillance case definition, had illness onset in 2016 or 2017, resided in a participating state, and were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pediatric cases were aged &lt;18 years; congenital and perinatal infections were excluded. Pediatric cases were matched to adult cases (18‒49 years). Clinical information was compared between younger and older pediatric cases and between children and adults.ResultsA total of 141 pediatric Zika virus disease cases were identified; none experienced neurologic disease. Overall, 28 (20%) were treated in an emergency department, 1 (&lt;1%) was hospitalized; none died. Of the 4 primary clinical signs and symptoms associated with Zika virus disease, 133 (94%) children had rash, 104 (74%) fever, 67 (48%) arthralgia, and 51 (36%) conjunctivitis. Fever, arthralgia, and myalgia were more common in older children (12‒17 years) than younger children (1‒11 years). Arthralgia, arthritis, edema, and myalgia were more common in adults compared to children.ConclusionsThis report supports previous findings that Zika virus disease is generally mild in children. The most common symptoms are similar to other childhood infections, and clinical findings and outcomes are similar to those in adults. Healthcare providers should consider a diagnosis of Zika virus infection in children with fever, rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis, who reside in or have traveled to an area where Zika virus transmission is occurring.
Delays in referral from primary care are associated with a worse survival in patients with esophagogastric cancer
Authors: Arhi Chanpreet S , Markar S , Burns E M , Bouras G , Bottle A , Hanna G , Aylin P , Ziprin P , Darzi A 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARYNICE referral guidelines for suspected cancer were introduced to improve prognosis by reducing referral delays. However, over 20% of patients with esophagogastric cancer experience three or more consultations before referral. In this retrospective cohort study, we hypothesize that such a delay is associated with a worse survival compared with patients referred earlier.By utilizing Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a national primary care linked database, the first presentation, referral date, a number of consultations before referral and stage for esophagogastric cancer patients were determined. The risk of a referral after one or two consultations compared with three or more consultations was calculated for age and the presence of symptom fulfilling the NICE criteria. The risk of death according to the number of consultations before referral was determined, while accounting for stage and surgical management.1307 patients were included. Patients referred after one (HR 0.80 95% CI 0.68–0.93 p = 0.005) or two consultations (HR 0.81 95% CI 0.67–0.98 p = 0.034) demonstrated significantly improved prognosis compared with those referred later. The risk of death was also lower for patients who underwent a resection, were younger or had an earlier stage at diagnosis. Those presenting with a symptom fulfilling the NICE criteria (OR 0.27 95% CI 0.21–0.35 p &lt; 0.0001) were more likely to be referred earlier.This is the first study to demonstrate an association between a delay in referral and worse prognosis in esophagogastric patients. These findings should prompt further research to reduce primary care delays.