bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for Faint X-Ray Emission from Galactic Stellar Wind Bow Shocks
Authors: Binder Breanna A. , Behr Patrick , Povich Matthew S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present a stacking analysis of 2.61 Ms of archival Chandra observations of stellar wind bow shocks. We place an upper limit on the X-ray luminosity of infrared-detected bow shocks of <2 × 1029 erg s−1, a more stringent constraint than has been found in previous archival studies and dedicated observing campaigns of nearby bow shocks. We compare the X-ray luminosities and L
X/L
bol ratios of bow shock driving stars to those of other OB stars within the Chandra field of view. Driving stars are, on average, of later spectral type than the field-of-view OB stars, and we do not observe any unambiguously high L
X/L
bol ratios indicative of magnetic stars in our sample. We additionally assess the feasibility of detecting X-rays from stellar wind bow shocks with the proposed Lynx X-ray Observatory. If the X-ray flux originating from the bow shocks is just below our Chandra detection limit, the nearest bow shock in our sample (at ∼0.4 kpc with an absorbing column of ∼1021 cm−2) should be observable with Lynx in exposure times on the order of ∼100 ks.
Results from EDGES High-Band. III. New Constraints on Parameters of the Early Universe
Authors: Monsalve Raul A. , Fialkov Anastasia , Bowman Judd D. , Rogers Alan E. E. , Mozdzen Thomas J. , Cohen Aviad , Barkana Rennan , Mahesh Nivedita 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present new constraints on parameters of cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization derived from the EDGES High-Band spectrum (90–190 MHz). The parameters are probed by evaluating global 21 cm signals generated with the recently developed Global21cm tool. This tool uses neural networks trained and tested on ∼30,000 spectra produced with semi-numerical simulations that assume the standard thermal evolution of the cosmic microwave background and the intergalactic medium. From our analysis, we constrain at 68% (1) the minimum virial circular velocity of star-forming halos to V
c < 19.3 km s−1, (2) the X-ray heating efficiency of early sources to f
X > 0.0042, and (3) the low-energy cutoff of the X-ray spectral energy distribution to ν
min < 2.3 keV. We also constrain the star formation efficiency (f
*), the electron scattering optical depth (τ
e), and the mean-free path of ionizing photons (R
mfp). We recompute the constraints after incorporating into the analysis four estimates for the neutral hydrogen fraction from high-z quasars and galaxies, and a prior on τ
e from Planck 2018. The largest impact of the external observations is on the parameters that most directly characterize reionization. Specifically, we derive the combined 68% constraints τ
e < 0.063 and R
mfp > 27.5 Mpc. The external observations also have a significant effect on V
c due to its degeneracy with τ
e, while the constraints on f
*, f
X, and ν
min, remain primarily determined by EDGES.
The Formation of Compact Elliptical Galaxies in the Vicinity of a Massive Galaxy: The Role of Ram-pressure Confinement
Authors: Du Min , Debattista Victor P. , Ho Luis C. , Côté Patrick , Spengler Chelsea , Erwin Peter , Wadsley James W. , Norris Mark A. , Earp Samuel W. F. , Quinn Thomas R. , Fiteni Karl , Caruana Joseph 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Compact ellipticals (cEs) are outliers from the scaling relations of early-type galaxies, particularly the mass–metallicity relation, which is an important outcome of feedback. The formation of such low-mass, but metal-rich and compact, objects is a long-standing puzzle. Using a pair of high-resolution N-body+gas simulations, we investigate the evolution of a gas-rich low-mass galaxy on a highly radial orbit around a massive host galaxy. As the infalling low-mass galaxy passes through the host’s corona at supersonic speeds, its diffuse gas outskirts are stripped by ram pressure, as expected. However, the compactness increases rapidly because of bursty star formation in the gas tidally driven to the center. The metal-rich gas produced by supernovae and stellar winds is confined by the ram pressure from the surrounding environment, leading to subsequent generations of stars being more metal-rich. After the gas is depleted, tidal interactions enhance the metallicity further via the stripping of weakly bound, old, and metal-poor stars, while the size of the satellite is changed only modestly. The outcome is a metal-rich cE that is consistent with observations. These results argue that classical cEs are neither the stripped remnants of much more massive galaxies nor the merger remnants of normal dwarfs. We present observable predictions that can be used to test our model.
Toward Precision Tests of General Relativity with Black Hole X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy
Authors: Tripathi Ashutosh , Nampalliwar Sourabh , Abdikamalov Askar B. , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Bambi Cosimo , Dauser Thomas , García Javier A. , Marinucci Andrea 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Astrophysical black hole systems are the ideal laboratories for testing Einstein’s theory of gravity in the strong field regime. We have recently developed a framework that uses the reflection spectrum of black hole systems to perform precision tests of general relativity by testing the Kerr black hole hypothesis. In this paper, we analyze XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the supermassive black hole in the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG–06–30–15 with our disk reflection model. We consider the Johannsen metric with the deformation parameters α
13 and α
22, which quantify deviations from the Kerr metric. For α
22 = 0, we obtain the black hole spin

and

. For α
13 = 0, we obtain

and

. The Kerr solution is recovered for α
13 = α
22 = 0. Thus, our results include the Kerr solution within statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties are difficult to account for, and we discuss some issues in this regard.
Flow Instabilities in Solar Jets in Their Upstream and Downstream Regimes
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Zhang Jun , Yang Shuhong , Hou Yijun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Using the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 304 Å images obtained from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we study two jets that occurred during the M5.8 class flare on 2017 April 3 and the M5.5 class flare on 2016 July 23, respectively. During the M5.8 class flare, many vortex-like structures occurred in the upstream and downstream regimes of the associated jet. While the jet was ejected upwards to the corona, some dark material at its base flowed through a bright structure with a velocity of 110 km s−1. The boundary between the material and the structure changed from smooth to uneven. Later, the jet material at the higher atmosphere started to fall down with velocities of over 200 km s−1, and the left boundary of the jet developed into a sawtooth pattern. The vortex-like structures were formed, and the growth rates of two structures were presented. During the M5.5 class flare, we also observed many vortex-like structures in the downstream regime of the jet. At the late stage of the jet, some material at the south boundary of the jet fell back to the solar surface, and vortex-like structures at the boundary grew from ripple-like minim into vortices with diameters of 3.4–5.4 Mm. The growth rates of the vortex-like structures were calculated. We suggest that the vortex-like structures in the upstream regime are the manifestations of Kelvin−Helmholtz instability, and those in the downstream regime are simultaneously driven by Kelvin−Helmholtz instability and Raleigh−Taylor instability.
Calibrating Mg ii–based Black Hole Mass Estimators with Hβ Reverberation Measurements
Authors: Bahk Hyeonguk , Woo Jong-Hak , Park Daeseong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present the new calibration of black hole mass (

) estimators based on the Mg ii
λ2798 broad emission line using the Hβ reverberation-mapped (RM) sample of 31 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that have high-quality UV spectra. The updated and enlarged sample at redshift z < 0.16 covers a large dynamic range in

(i.e.,

) and bolometric luminosity (i.e.,

erg s−1). We also investigate the mass estimators by adding a sample from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project, which consists of 24 AGNs at a higher redshift range, z = 0.36–0.89. We determine the line width of the Mg ii line using FWHM or line dispersion (σ
line), which are respectively used for the

recipe. Comparing with the Hβ reverberation masses, we provide several calibrations for the Mg ii–based mass, the best of which is consistent with the virial assumption and photoionization expectation (i.e.,

and

). The derived

based the Mg ii estimator is consistent with the Hβ reverberation mass within a factor of 2.
Simulating Solar Coronal Mass Ejections Constrained by Observations of Their Speed and Poloidal Flux
Authors: Singh T. , Yalim M. S. , Pogorelov N. V. , Gopalswamy N. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We demonstrate how the parameters of a Gibson-Low flux-rope-based coronal mass ejection (CME) can be constrained using remote observations. Our Multi-Scale Fluid-Kinetic Simulation Suite has been used to simulate the propagation of a CME in a data-driven solar corona background computed using the photospheric magnetogram data. We constrain the CME model parameters using the observations of such key CME properties as its speed, orientation, and poloidal flux. The speed and orientation are estimated using multi-viewpoint white-light coronagraph images. The reconnected magnetic flux in the area covered by the post-eruption arcade is used to estimate the poloidal flux in the CME flux rope. We simulate the partial halo CME on 2011 March 7 to demonstrate the efficiency of our approach. This CME erupted with the speed of 812 km s−1 and its poloidal flux, as estimated from source active region data, was 4.9 × 1021 Mx. Using our approach, we were able to simulate this CME with the speed 840 km s−1 and the poloidal flux of 5.1 × 1021 Mx, in remarkable agreement with the observations.
Generic and family transfers, and numina dubia for orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Araneidae) in the Australasian, Oriental and Pacific regions
Authors: Framenau Volker W. 
Published: April 2019

As part of a current revision of the Australasian and Pacific orb-weaving spider fauna (family Araneidae Clerck, 1757), a number new combinations are proposed in the generaAcroaspisKarsch, 1878 (3 species),CarepalxisL. Koch, 1872 (1 species),CyclosaMenge, 1866 (5 species), andNeosconaSimon, 1864 (7 species):Acroaspislancearia(Keyserling, 1887),comb. n.,A.mamillana(Keyserling, 1887),comb. n.,A.scutifer(Keyserling, 1886),comb. n.,Carepalxisfurcifera(Keyserling, 1886),comb. n.;Cyclosaanatipes(Keyserling, 1887),comb. n.;Cyclosaapoblepta(Rainbow, 1916),comb. n.;Cyclosaargentaria(Rainbow, 1916),comb. n.;Cyclosalichensis(Rainbow, 1916),comb. n.;Cyclosapoweri(Rainbow, 1916),comb. n.;Neosconadecolor(L. Koch, 1871),comb. n.;Neosconaenucleata(Karsch, 1879),comb. n.;Neosconaflavopunctata(L. Koch, 1871),comb. n.;Neosconafloriata(Hogg, 1914),comb. n.;Neosconagranti(Hogg, 1914),comb. n.;Neosconainusta(L. Koch, 1871),comb. n.; andNeosconanotanda(Rainbow, 1912),comb. n.The following two Australian species, currently placed inAraneus, are not Araneidae but comb-footed spiders (family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833):Anelosimusdianiphus(Rainbow, 1916),comb. n.andTheridionxanthostichus(Rainbow, 1916),stat. and comb. n.The following six species are considerednumina dubiaas their type material is immature or otherwise unidentifiable (e.g. partly destroyed):AraneusacachmenusRainbow, 1916;AraneusagastusRainbow, 1916;AraneusexsertusRainbow, 1904;AraneussuavisRainbow, 1899;Carepalxiscoronata(Rainbow, 1896); andHeurodesturritusKeyserling, 1886.Heurodesfratellus(Chamberlin, 1924) is considered anomen dubiumandHeurodesporcula(Simon, 1877) is returned toEriovixiaArcher, 1951,Eriovixiaporcula(Simon, 1877).Type material of predominantly Australian species described by E. v. Keyserling (1 species), W. J. Rainbow (10 species), A. T. Urquhart (8 species), and C. A. Walckenaer (2 species) is here considered destroyed or otherwise lost. As it is impossible to identify these species from their original descriptions and considering the known spider fauna from their respective type localities, they are all considerednumina dubia:AnepsiacrinitaRainbow, 1893;Epeiradiabrosis(Walckenaer, 1841);EpeiradiversicolorRainbow, 1893;EpeirafictaRainbow, 1896;EpeirahamiltoniRainbow, 1893;Epeiralacrymosa(Walckenaer, 1841);EpeiraleaiRainbow, 1894;EpeiramortoniUrquhart, 1891;EpeiranotacephalaUrquhart, 1891;EpeiraobscurtaUrquhart, 1893;EpeiraphalerataUrquhart, 1893;EpeirapronubaRainbow, 1894;EpeirararaKeyserling, 1887;EpeirasingularaUrquhart, 1891;Epeirasub-flavidaUrquhart, 1893;EpeirasimilarisRainbow, 1896 (=AraneusurquhartiRoewer, 1942 replacement name);EpeiraventriosaUrquhart, 1891; andEpeiraviridulaUrquhart, 1891.
Newly Licensed Nurse Resiliency and Interventions to Promote Resiliency in the First Year of Hire: An Integrative Review
Authors: Concilio Lisa , Lockhart Joan Such , Oermann Marilyn H. , Kronk Rebecca , Schreiber James B. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Lack of resiliency contributes to growing dissatisfaction among newly licensed nurses (NLNs) and often leads to clinical errors and job resignations.

Method:
An integrative review synthesized current research investigating NLNs' resiliency within their first year of hire and interventions that may affect their resiliency.

Results:
Key database searches (2008 to 2018) yielded 16 studies. Insufficient resiliency among NLNs has been correlated with intentions to leave current jobs and decreased job satisfaction. Residency programs, well-prepared preceptors, and peer support promoted NLN resilience and enhanced patient safety. Lack of coworker support has led to NLNs' intentions to leave their current jobs or the profession entirely.

Conclusion:

NLN turnover has been interpreted to be an outcome of poor NLN resilience. The first year of practice is stressful and affects NLNs' mental health and cognitive reasoning, thereby risking patient safety. Resiliency should be measured using a resiliency scale rather than turnover rates.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2019;50(4):153–161.]
L’expérience difficile du travail enseignant et les besoins de soutien chez les enseignants débutants au Québec
Authors: Mukamurera Joséphine , Lakhal Sawsen , Tardif Maurice 
Published: April 2019

Notre recherche tente, d’une part, de mettre en lumière le travail enseignant tel que vécu au quotidien par les enseignants débutants et, d’autre part, de cerner la nature des besoins de soutien ressentis durant leurs premières années d’enseignement. Notre appui théorique relève d’une approche globale et multidimensionnelle de l’insertion professionnelle et du travail enseignant. La recherche réalisée comporte un volet qualitatif reposant sur 32 entrevues semi-structurées et un volet quantitatif basé sur une analyse secondaire des données d’un questionnaire (250 répondants). Les résultats qualitatifs mettent en évidence la diversité et la lourdeur des tâches, ainsi que l’écart perçu entre la charge de travail reconnue et l’intensité de la charge réelle tel que vécue au quotidien. En complément, les résultats quantitatifs confirment la nature plurielle des besoins de soutien selon cinq volets : la socialisation organisationnelle, la gestion de classe, la gestion des apprentissages, la différenciation pédagogique et le volet personnel et psychologique. Des analyses comparatives à l’aide des tests ANOVA montrent quelques différences selon l’ordre et le champ d’enseignement ainsi que le domaine de formation. Ce sont là des éléments qui apportent un regard nouveau sur le travail enseignant et offrent des pistes pouvant guider l’offre de soutien aux enseignants débutants et la conception des programmes de formation à l’enseignement.
Improvisation et travail ordinaire des enseignants entrant dans le métier. Quelle activité ? Quels enjeux ?
Authors: Azéma Guillaume 
Published: April 2019

Suivant une recherche conduite dans le cadre d’une anthropologie culturelle enactive (Theureau, 2015), cet article aborde le travail des enseignants entrant dans le métier sous l’angle de l’« activité » qui, pour eux, porte le nom d’improvisation. Il propose une autre conception que celle (très répandue) consistant à faire de l’improvisation une sorte de virtuosité interactionnelle d’enseignants experts. Nos résultats, qui permettent notamment de préciser un ensemble de caractéristiques clés, nous conduisent à l’appréhender comme un temps fort de la dynamique du couplage asymétrique entre un néo-enseignant et son environnement (y compris social) et, corrélativement, comme un mouvement majeur d’« individuation » (Simondon, 2013) professionnelle. Cet article propose en outre une discussion concernant le métier d’enseignant, le développement professionnel et la formation à ce métier.
Affect et comparaison dans le dialogue en autoconfrontation
Authors: Bonnemain Antoine 
Published: April 2019

Cet article traite de l’appropriation par les professionnels de l’une des modalités du dialogue en autoconfrontation dans une perspective en clinique de l’activité. Cette modalité concerne la manière dont les professionnels peuvent faire de la comparaison entre leurs activités professionnelles un moyen de l’échange entre eux. Cela n’est pas un processus spontané, mais un résultat du développement de leur activité dialogique dans différents contextes que nous décrirons, et dans lesquels l’affectivité joue un rôle décisif. Dans le cadre contraint de l’autoconfrontation, s’opèrent parfois des formes de genèses instrumentales de la comparaison qui devient alors un organisateur de l’activité dialogique. L’appropriation de ce moyen dialogique par les professionnels équipe les échanges et permet de dépasser les discours habituels socialement partagés sur le travail et les problèmes concrets qui s’y posent. La comparaison constitue alors un moyen du développement de l’activité au travers du dialogue, ce qui suppose une activité d’intervention qui tienne compte de ces mouvements affectifs. À partir de l’exemple clinique d’une intervention réalisée auprès des éboueurs de la Ville de Lille, nous montrerons que lorsque ce genre de comparaison s’installe dans l’autoconfrontation, elle peut engager, en lien avec les mouvements affectifs qui s’y réalisent, des développements de l’activité professionnelle qui permettent du coup de regarder la méthode comme une « situation sociale de développement » (Vygotsky, 1998).
Knowledge and home treatment of measles infection by caregivers of children under five in a low-income urban community, Nigeria
Authors: Uchendu Obioma , Ige Olusimbo , Adeyera Oluwapelumi 
Published: April 2019

Background: Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine for over 50 years, measles remains a leading cause of death among young children in developing countries.Aim: This study assessed the knowledge and home treatment of measles by caregivers of children under 5 years.Setting: Abebi community, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 509 caregivers of children aged 6 months to 5 years in a semi-urban community in Ibadan was conducted using a multi-stage sampling method. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of aetiology, main symptoms and signs, and home treatment of measles. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to explore associations at 5% level of significance.Results: Most of the caregivers were females (96.3%), married (86.1%) and were the biological parents of the children (90.9%). More than half had good knowledge of the cause (59.7%) and main symptoms and signs (52.8%) of measles. However, the composite knowledge was good in 57.6% of caregivers. Over half (54.4%) of the caregivers reported that their children ever had measles. Majority (91.3%) of caregivers whose children had measles gave home treatment, while 24 (8.7%) sought treatment from health facilities alone. There was a significant association between caregivers’ educational status, age, tribe and marital status and their knowledge of measles; however, tribe was the only significant predictor of knowledge after regression analysis. Caregivers from other tribes were 3.3 times more likely to have good knowledge of measles than Yoruba caregivers. Caregivers who were 35 years and older compared to those younger than 35 years (OR: 0.625; 95% CI: 0.425–0.921) and those who were not currently married compared to those married (OR: 0.455; 95% CI: 0.273–0.758) had lower odds of having good knowledge of measles, respectively.Conclusion: Home treatment by caregivers of children with measles is high. Health education on the cause, prevention and treatment of measles should be provided for caregivers.
Methotrexate and mucositis: A merry-go-round for oncologists
Authors: Mishra Kundan , Jandial Aditya , Kumar Anil , Lad Deepesh , Prakash Gaurav , Khadwal Alka , Malhotra Pankaj 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHigh-dose methotrexate is the backbone of various regimens for treating lymphoid malignancies. Mucositis is a well-known, dose-related side effect of methotrexate. Prophylactic measures such as folinic acid rescue are useful but do not prevent mucositis in all the cases. Once severe mucositis (WHO Grade IV) sets in, mortality is very high. The index case highlights the natural course of methotrexate-induced mucositis and the need for swift and preemptive intervention.
Effectiveness of filgrastim and polyethylene glycol-filgrastim in the treatment of postchemotherapy neutropenia in children: Phase I clinical trial
Authors: Yousofian Saeed , Miri-Aliabad Ghasem , Kiumarsi Azadeh , Ramim Tayeb 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: One of the most common side effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients is neutropenia that can result in hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-filgrastim compared with filgrastim in the recovery of neutropenia. Methods: This study was a Phase I clinical trial conducted among patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia aged <16 years who were referred to the Ali Asghar Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from April 2012 until October 2013. Eleven patients were selected, and filgrastim and PEG-filgrastim were injected subcutaneously at a dose of 5–10 μg/kg/day for 7 days and 100 μg/kg as a single dose, respectively. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was checked 7 days after the last injection in the two groups. Results: The mean age of the patients was 8.82 ± 4.36 years (3–15 years). Six boys (54.5%) and five girls (45.5%) participated in the study. ANC increase among patients treated with PEG-filgrastim or filgrastim was analyzed separately, and the results showed statistically significant differences between the study groups (P = 0.038). Conclusions: According to the findings, it can be concluded that the PEG-filgrastim is better than filgrastim alone to improve neutropenia induced by chemotherapy in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.