bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Cohort Study in General Population
Authors: Jin Moo-Nyun , Yang Pil-Sung , Song Changho , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Sung Jung-Hoon , Pak Hui-Nam , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Joung Boyoung 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough exercise prevents cardiovascular disease and mortality, vigorous exercise and endurance athletics can cause atrial fibrillation (AF). However, no large cohort study has assessed the relationship between physical activity and AF in the general population. We assessed the effect of physical activity at different energy expenditures on the incidence of AF. We studied 501,690 individuals without pre-existing AF (mean age, 47.6 ± 14.3 years; 250,664 women [50.0%]) included in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The physical activity level was assessed using a standardized self-reported questionnaire at baseline. During a median follow-up of 4 years, 3,443 participants (1,432 women [41.6%]) developed AF. The overall incidence of AF at follow-up was 1.79 per 1,000 person-years. The subjects who met the recommended physical activity level (500–1,000 metabolic equivalent task [MET] minutes/week) had a 12% decreased AF risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–0.97), but not the insufficiently (1–500 MET-minutes/week; HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86–1.03) and highly active subjects (≥1,000 MET-minutes/week; HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85–1.03). The recommended minimum key target range of physical activity level was associated with the maximum benefit for reduced AF risk in the general population. The dose-response relationship between physical activity level and AF risk showed a U-shaped pattern. Although exceeding the key target range attenuated this benefit, it did not increase the AF risk beyond that during inactivity.
Sub-Geometric Phases in Density Matrices
Authors: Wang Zheng-Chuan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study presents the generalization of geometric phases in density matrices. We show that the extended sub-geometric phase has an unified expression during the adiabatic or nonadiabatic process and establish the relations between them and the usual Berry or Aharonov-Anandan phases. We also demonstrate the influence of sub-geometric phases on the physical observables. Finally, the above treatment is used to investigate the geometric phase in a mixed state.
Demonstration of the key substrate-dependent charge transfer mechanisms between monolayer MoS2 and molecular dopants
Authors: Park Soohyung , Schultz Thorsten , Xu Xiaomin , Wegner Berthold , Aljarb Areej , Han Ali , Li Lain-Jong , Tung Vincent C. , Amsalem Patrick , Koch Norbert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTuning the Fermi level (EF) in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors is crucial for optimizing their application in (opto-)electronic devices. Doping by molecular electron acceptors and donors has been suggested as a promising method to achieve EF-adjustment. Here, we demonstrate that the charge transfer (CT) mechanism between TMDC and molecular dopant depends critically on the electrical nature of the substrate as well as its electronic coupling with the TMDC. Using angle-resolved ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we reveal three fundamentally different, substrate-dependent CT mechanisms between the molecular electron acceptor 1,3,4,5,7,8-hexafluoro-tetracyano-naphthoquinodimethane (F6TCNNQ) and a MoS2 monolayer. Our results demonstrate that any substrate that acts as charge reservoir for dopant molecules can prohibit factual doping of a TMDC monolayer. On the other hand, the three different CT mechanisms can be exploited for the design of advanced heterostructures, exhibiting tailored electronic properties in (opto-)electronic devices based on two-dimensional semiconductors.
Uremic serum-induced calcification of human aortic smooth muscle cells is a regulated process involving Klotho and RUNX2
Authors: Patidar Ashish , Singh Dhruv K. , Thakur Shori , Farrington Ken , Baydoun Anwar R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is common in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is an active process involving transdifferentiation of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into osteogenic phenotype. We investigated the ability of serum from CKD subjects to induce calcification in human SMCs in vitro (calcific potential of sera: CP), and associated changes in expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), SM22α, and Klotho. Sera from subjects with CKD (18 stage 3, 17 stage 4/5, and 29 stage 5D) and 20 controls were added to human cultured SMCs and CP quantified. The CP of CKD sera was greater (P&lt;0.01) than that of controls, though not influenced by CKD stage. Modification of diet in renal disease estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD-4 eGFR) (P&lt;0.001), serum phosphate (P=0.042), receptor activator of nuclear factor κappa-B ligand (RANKL) (P=0.001), parathyroid hormone (PTH) (P=0.014), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/cholesterol ratio (P=0.026) were independent predictors of CP accounting for 45% of variation. Adding calcification buffer (CB: calcium chloride [7 mM] and β-glycerophosphate [7 mM]) increased the CP of control sera to approximate that of CKD sera. CP of CKD sera was unchanged. CKD sera increased RUNX2 expression (P&lt;0.01) in human SMCs and decreased SM22α expression (P&lt;0.05). Co-incubating control but not CKD serum with CB further increased RUNX2 expression (P&lt;0.01). Both SM22α and Klotho expression decreased significantly (P&lt;0.01) in the presence of CKD serum, and were virtually abolished with stage 5D sera. These findings support active regulation by CKD serum of in vitro VC by induction of RUNX2 and suppression of SM22α and Klotho.
Resistance characteristics of CTX-M typeShigella flexneriin China
Authors: Bian Fengzhi , Yao Mingxiao , Fu Hongmei , Yuan Guangying , Wu Shuzhi , Sun Yuguo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe present study was to identify the drug resistance, resistance mechanism and the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) genotypes of Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) in Jinan. Susceptibility tests were performed by MIC-determination. The genotypes of β-lactamase were identified using PCR and DNA sequencing. The resistance transfer ability of the ESBL-producing strains was examined by conjugation tests. A total of 105 S. flexneri isolates were collected, and 34 (32.4%) were ESBL-producing isolates. All ESBL-producing isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin and imipenem, and 35.3% isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. ESBL-producing isolates showed high level resistant to ampicillin (100%), cefotaxime (100%), tetracycline (100%), chloramphenicol (100%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (100%), ceftazidime (73.5%) and cefepime (73.5%). Three types of β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaOXA and blaCTX-M) were identified in all ESBL-producing isolates, and the genotypes were confirmed as blaTEM-1 (23/34), blaOXA-30 (34/34), blaCTX-M-14 (9/34) and blaCTX-M-15 (25/34) by sequencing. In conclusion, the Shigella strains isolated in Jinan are cross-resistant and multi-drug resistant. The main genotypes of ESBLs are CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15.
Angiotensin 1-7 alleviates aging-associated muscle weakness and bone loss, but is not associated with accelerated aging in ACE2-knockout mice
Authors: Nozato Satoko , Yamamoto Koichi , Takeshita Hikari , Nozato Yoichi , Imaizumi Yuki , Fujimoto Taku , Yokoyama Serina , Nagasawa Motonori , Takeda Masao , Hongyo Kazuhiro , Akasaka Hiroshi , Takami Yoichi , Takeya Yasushi , Sugimoto Ken , Mogi Masaki , Horiuchi Masatsugu , Rakugi Hiromi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-angiotensin 1-7 (A1-7)-A1-7 receptor (Mas) axis plays a protective role in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). We recently found that ACE2 knockout (ACE2KO) mice exhibit earlier aging-associated muscle weakness, and that A1-7 alleviates muscle weakness in aging mice. In the present study, we investigated the role of the A1-7-Mas pathway in the effect of ACE2 on physiological aging. Male wild-type, ACE2KO, and Mas knockout (MasKO) mice were subjected to periodical grip strength measurement, followed by administration of A1-7 or vehicle for 4 weeks at 24 months of age. ACE2KO mice exhibited decreased grip strength after 6 months of age, while grip strength of MasKO mice was similar to that of wild-type mice. A1-7 improved grip strength in ACE2KO and wild-type mice, but not in MasKO mice. Muscle fibre size was smaller in ACE2KO mice than that in wild-type and MasKO mice, and increased with A1-7 in ACE2KO and WT mice, but not in MasKO mice. Centrally nucleated fibres (CNFs) and expression of the senescence-associated gene p16INK4a in skeletal muscles were enhanced only in ACE2KO mice and were not altered by A1-7. ACE2KO mice, but not MasKO mice, exhibited thinning of peripheral fat along with increased adipose expression of p16INK4a. A1-7 significantly increased bone volume in wild-type and ACE2KO mice, but not in MasKO mice. Our findings suggest that the impact of ACE2 on physiological aging does not depend on the endogenous production of A1-7 by ACE2, while overactivation of the A1-7-Mas pathway could alleviate sarcopenia and osteoporosis in aged mice.
A Pilot Study of Early Storybook Reading With Babies With Hearing Loss
Authors: Brown Michelle I. , Trembath David , Westerveld Marleen F. , Gillon Gail T. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis pilot study explored the effectiveness of an early storybook reading (ESR) intervention for parents with babies with hearing loss (HL) for improving (a) parents' book selection skills, (b) parent–child eye contact, and (c) parent–child turn-taking. Advancing research into ESR, this study examined whether the benefits from an ESR intervention reported for babies without HL were also observed in babies with HL.MethodFour mother–baby dyads participated in a multiple baseline single-case experimental design across behaviors. Treatment effects for parents' book selection skills, parent–child eye contact, and parent–child turn-taking were examined using visual analysis and Tau-U analysis.ResultsStatistically significant increases, with large to very large effect sizes, were observed for all 4 participants for parent–child eye contact and parent–child turn-taking. Limited improvements with ceiling effects were observed for parents' book selection skills.ConclusionThe findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of an ESR intervention for babies with HL for promoting parent–child interactions through eye contact and turn-taking.
Not All Nonverbal Tasks Are Equally Nonverbal: Comparing Two Tasks in Bilingual Kindergartners With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Durant Kathleen , Peña Elizabeth , Peña Anna , Bedore Lisa M. , Muñoz María R. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis study investigates the interaction of language ability status, cultural experience, and nonverbal cognitive skill performance in Spanish–English bilinguals with typical development (TD) and developmental language disorder (DLD).MethodOne hundred sixty-nine Spanish–English bilingual kindergartener's scores on the Symbolic Memory and Cube Design subtests from the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (Bracken & McCallum, 1998) were analyzed by language ability (TD vs. DLD).Resultsttests and analysis of variance showed bilingual children with TD and DLD performed comparably to the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test norming sample on the cube design task, while children with DLD had significantly lower performance on the symbolic memory task.ConclusionThese results suggest that cultural experience minimally impacted performance for bilingual children with typically developing language. Bilingual children with DLD were differentially impacted on symbolic memory, a task that is verbally mediated despite nonverbal administration and performance. Findings are discussed within the Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory of cognitive abilities.
Effect of galaxy mergers on star-formation rates
Authors: Pearson W. J. , Wang L. , Alpaslan M. , Baldry I. , Bilicki M. , Brown M. J. I. , Grootes M. W. , Holwerda B. W. , Kitching T. D. , Kruk S. , van der Tak F. F. S. 
Published: September 2019

Context. Galaxy mergers and interactions are an integral part of our basic understanding of how galaxies grow and evolve over time. However, the effect that galaxy mergers have on star-formation rates (SFRs) is contested, with observations of galaxy mergers showing reduced, enhanced, and highly enhanced star formation.
Aims. We aim to determine the effect of galaxy mergers on the SFR of galaxies using statistically large samples of galaxies, totalling over 200 000, which is over a large redshift range from 0.0 to 4.0.
Methods. We trained and used convolutional neural networks to create binary merger identifications (merger or non-merger) in the SDSS, KiDS, and CANDELS imaging surveys. We then compared the SFR, with the galaxy main sequence subtracted, of the merging and non-merging galaxies to determine what effect, if any, a galaxy merger has on SFR.
Results. We find that the SFR of merging galaxies are not significantly different from the SFR of non-merging systems. The changes in the average SFR seen in the star-forming population when a galaxy is merging are small, of the order of a factor of 1.2. However, the higher the SFR is above the galaxy main sequence, the higher the fraction is for galaxy mergers.
Conclusions. Galaxy mergers have little effect on the SFR of the majority of merging galaxies compared to the non-merging galaxies. The typical change in SFR is less than 0.1 dex in either direction. Larger changes in SFR can be seen but are less common. The increase in merger fraction as the distance above the galaxy main sequence increases demonstrates that galaxy mergers can induce starbursts.
Clinical illness and outcomes in Nigerian children with persistent early-appearing anaemia following initiation of artemisinin-based combination treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria
Authors: Akano Kazeem , Fatunmbi Bayo , Ntadom Godwin , Ayede Adejumoke I. , Aderoyeje Temitope , Bakre Adewale , Alebiosu Omobolaji T. , Akpoborie Odafe , Okafor Chukwuebuka , Gbotosho Grace O. , Folarin Onikepe A. , Ebenebe Joy C. , Ambe Jose , Wammanda Robinson , Jiya Nma , Finomo Finomo , Emechebe George , Mokuolu Olugbenga , Agomo Chimere , Oguche Stephen , Happi Christian , Sowunmi Akintunde 
Published: September 2019

In non-anaemic children with malaria, early-appearing anaemia (EAA) is common following artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs) and it may become persistent (PEAA). The factors contributing to and kinetics of resolution of the deficit in haematocrit from baseline (DIHFB) characteristic of ACTs-related PEAA were evaluated in 540 consecutive children with malaria treated with artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. Asymptomatic PEAA occurred in 62 children. In a multiple logistic regression model, a duration of illness ≤3 days before presentation, haematocrit <35% before and <25% one day after treatment initiation, drug attributable fall in haematocrit ≥6%, and treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine independently predicted PEAA. Overall, mean DIHFB was 5.7% (95% CI 4.8–6.6) 7 days after treatment initiation and was similar for all treatments. Time to 90% reduction in DIHFB was significantly longer in artemether-lumefantrine-treated children compared with other treatments. In a one compartment model, declines in DIHFB were monoexponential with overall mean estimated half-time of 3.9 days (95% CI 2.6–5.1), Cmax of 7.6% (95% CI 6.7–8.4), and Vd of 0.17 L/kg (95% CI 0.04–0.95). In Bland-Altman analyses, overall mean anaemia recovery time (AnRT) of 17.4 days (95% CI 15.5–19.4) showed insignificant bias with 4, 5 or 6 multiples of half-time of DIHFB. Ten children after recovery from PEAA progressed to late-appearing anaemia (LAA). Progression was associated with female gender and artesunate-amodiaquine treatment. Asymptomatic PEAA is common following ACTs. PEAA or its progression to LAA may have implications for case and community management of anaemia and for anaemia control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa where ACTs have become first-line antimalarials.
Trial registration: Pan Africa Clinical Trial Registration PACTR201709002064150, 1 March 2017 http://www.pactr.org
Entwicklung des Instruments „Cologne Culture ADL“ zur Erfassung der Alltagskompetenz in der Demenzdiagnostik von deutschen und türkischen Menschen
Authors: Seven Ümran Sema , Ilcin Sümeyya , Kessler Josef , Kalbe Elke 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Erfassung der Alltagsaktivitäten (Activities of Daily Living, ADL) stößt im Rahmen der Demenzdiagnostik bei Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund auf Grenzen, da bisherige Skalen sprachliche, bildungsspezifische, kulturell-religiöse und Lifestyle-Faktoren kaum berücksichtigen.
Ziel der Studie Ziel ist die Entwicklung der „Cologne Culture ADL“ (CC-ADL), die kulturell-religiöse Lifestyle-Aspekte sowie die zunehmende Digitalisierung im Alltag berücksichtigt und für deutsche und türkischstämmige Migrantinnen und Migranten geeignet ist.
Methoden Zur Generierung von ADL-Items wurden qualitative Interviews (N = 15) mit kognitiv nicht eingeschränkten deutschen und türkischen Probanden geführt und eine erste Skalenversion des Instruments entwickelt, die erneut bei kognitiv nicht eingeschränkten deutschen (n = 197) und türkischen Probanden (n = 53) angewandt wurde. Auf Basis einer Itemanalyse entstand die gekürzte ADL-Skala, die Einschränkungen der „Kognition“, „Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL)“ und „Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)“ erfragt – bei türkischen Probanden kommen Fragen zum muslimischen Gebet hinzu. Zum Ausschluss von kognitiven Störungen und Depressionen wurden der Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), die Geriatrische Depressionsskala (GDS) und zur Skalen-Validierung die Bayer-ADL angewandt.
Ergebnisse Der Alltag von deutschen und türkischen Menschen unterschied sich in Aspekten der religiösen Alltagsgestaltung sowie im Hinblick auf kulturell-gesellschaftliche Aktivitäten, die in der CC-ADL berücksichtigt werden. Die Reliabilitätsanalyse bezüglich der internen Konsistenz ergab für die Subskalen: „Kognition“ (Deutsche α = .43; Türken α = .80); BADL (Deutsche α = .55; Türken α = −.04); IADL (Deutsche α = .91; Türken α = .83); Gebetsitems (Türken) α = .73. Die Korrelation des CC-ADL-Gesamtscores mit der Bayer-ADL beträgt für deutsche Personen ρ = .347 (p < .00) und für türkische Personen ρ =.520 (p < .01).
Schlussfolgerung Die Entwicklung dieser für Migranten geeigneten ADL-Skala kann eine wichtige Lücke in der Demenzdiagnostik schließen. Zur Entwicklung einer finalen Version der CC-ADL bedarf es weiterer Daten von kognitiv gesunden Probandinnen / Probanden und Patientinnen / Patienten (Mild Cognitive Impairment und Demenz).
Schulterpatienten erfolgreich therapieren – ein
Fallbeispiel
Authors: Dillenburger Benjamin 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungEin verzweifelter Patient kommt in die Praxis. Laut Aussage des Arztes hat er
mehrere „Baustellen“ in seinem Körper und es scheint so, als gäbe es nur einen
operativen Ausweg. Mittels eines strukturierten Vorgehens der modernen Manuellen
Therapie lernt der Patient schlussendlich, mit seinem Problem adäquat
umzugehen.
Physiotherapie der Rotatorenmanschette – ein
mehrdimensionaler Ansatz
Authors: Egmond Dick , Orphal Sebastian , Brouwer Anne 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie schmerzhafte Struktur bei Patienten mit einem Rotatorenmanschettensyndrom
(RMS) zu differenzieren, ist aufgrund der anatomischen Gegebenheiten kaum
möglich. Daher leitet vor allem die klinische Untersuchung inklusive dynamischer
Inspektion und Reduktionstests die Therapeuten im Clinical Reasoning Prozess.
Verschiedene Protokollprofile, basierend auf der klinischen Präsentation von
Patienten mit RMS, bieten Therapeuten einen weiteren Hinweis für die
Strukturierung des Behandlungsplans.
Screening of Hearing Impairment in High-Risk Neonates: A Study at Dr. R.N. Cooper Hospital and H.B.T. Medical College
Authors: Panjiyar Megha Mukund , Bhargava Samir K , Shetty Neeraj R , Mhashal Shashikant , Gite Vinod 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hearing impairment in high-risk neonates born in Dr. R.N. Cooper Hospital and H.B.T Medical College and establish the fact that high-risk neonates have higher prevalence of hearing impairment compared with normal population.
Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 1 year starting from March 2016 and involved three-stage screening of 410 neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Dr. R.N. Cooper Municipal General Hospital and H.B.T Medical College, Vile Parle (west), Mumbai. All enrolled neonateswere screened by a three-stage screening mechanism. First otoacoustic emission (OAE-1) screening was done within 24 to 72 hours of birth. Parents of neonates referred by OAE-1 were instructed to come back within 28 days for repeat OAE test (OAE-2). Those referred by OAE-2 were asked to come back after further 2 months for brainstem-evoked response audiometry. Data collected in the study were processed using Microsoft Excel.
Results and Conclusion In the current study, out of 410 neonates who were screened by a three-stage screening mechanism, five including three girls and two boys were found to be suffering from profound sensorineural hearing loss. Observed prevalence of 12.20 (or 12 on rounding off to nearest digit) per 1000 in high-risk neonates is much higher compared with the prevalence of 1 to 6 per 1000 live births in overall population as reported by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
Moral pride only under the positive gaze of others? Effects of praise and criticism on moral pride and guilt / ¿Orgullo moral solo bajo la mirada positiva de los otros? Los efectos del elogio y la crítica sobre el orgullo moral y la culpa
Authors: Conejero Susana , Apodaca Pedro , Pascual Aitziber , Etxebarria Itziar , Ortiz María-José 
Published: September 2019

This study analysed the influence of praise and criticism on moral pride (the pride we feel when we believe we have done something morally good) and guilt. Ninety-two adolescents (age: M = 15.17, SD = 0.43; 44.6% girls, 55.4% boys) completed a questionnaire which outlined 10 scenarios based on combinations of three variables: the moral nature of the action (positive/negative); praise, criticism or the absence of either; and the source (parents/peers). Participants were asked to indicate the intensity with which they would feel pride and guilt (seven-point scale). Praise of positive actions increased pride. Interestingly, criticism of positive actions reduced pride and increased guilt, while praise of negative actions reduced guilt and increased pride. No differences were found between the pride felt after a criticized positive action and that felt after a praised negative action. A parallel effect was not, however, observed for guilt. These results reveal the strong, sometimes pernicious, influence of praise and criticism on guilt and pride and, even more, the need for praise by others in the experience of moral pride.