bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echolocation and roosting ecology determine sensitivity of forest‐dependent bats to coffee agriculture
Authors: Huang Joe Chun‐Chia , Rustiati Elly Lestari , Nusalawo Meyner , Kingston Tigga 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpecies differ in vulnerability to anthropogenic land use changes. Knowledge of the mechanisms driving differential sensitivity can inform conservation strategies but is generally lacking for species‐rich taxa in the tropics. The diverse bat fauna of Southeast Asia is threatened by rapid loss of forest and expanding agricultural activities, but the associations between species, traits, vulnerability to agriculture, and the underlying drivers have yet to be elucidated. We studied the responses of speciose insectivorous bat assemblages to robusta coffee cultivation in Sumatra, Indonesia. We compared abundance, species richness, and assemblage structures of bats between forests and coffee farms based on trapping data and evaluated the influence of vegetation complexity on assemblage composition and species‐level reactions. Bat abundance and species richness were significantly lower in coffee farms than in forests. Bat assemblage structure differed between land uses, and the overall variation can be largely explained by vegetation simplification. Species sensitive to coffee agriculture were associated with more complex vegetation structure, whereas tolerant species were associated with simpler vegetation structure. Sensitive and tolerant species differed in the type, frequency, and bandwidth of echolocation calls and roost use. Species sensitive to coffee use broadband and high‐pitched frequency‐modulated calls, which are efficient at detecting insects in complex vegetation, and roost in plant structures that may be lost as vegetation is simplified. In contrast, tolerant species used lower pitched constant‐frequency calls and roost in caves. We advocate for greater use of trait analyses in studies seeking to clarify the influence of agriculture on diverse tropical bat faunas.Abstract in Indonesian is available with online material.
Plant killing by Neotropical acacia ants: ecology, decision‐making, and head morphology
Authors: Amador‐Vargas Sabrina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMutualistic species often associate with several partners that vary in the benefits provided. In some protective ant–plant mutualisms, ants vary in the extent at which they kill neighboring vegetation. Particularly, in acacia ants (Pseudomyrmex), the area around the host tree that ants keep free from vegetation (“clearings”) vary depending on the species. This study assessed whether interspecific variation in clearing size corresponds to workers biting on plant tissue of different thickness. As expected, workers from species making the largest clearings bit more often on thicker plant tissues than workers from species making smaller clearings. Because head shape affects mandible force, I also assessed whether pruning on thick tissue in mutualistic ant species or being a predator in non‐mutualistic species correlated with broader heads, which yield stronger mandible force. The species with the broader heads were non‐mutualistic predators or mutualistic pruners of thick tissues, which suggest that pruning neighboring vegetation in non‐predatory species demands force even when the ants do not kill prey with their mandibles. The findings reveal that clearing size variation in mutualistic ant partners of plants can also be observed at the level of individual decision‐making processes among workers, and suggest that head morphology could be a trait under selection in protective ant–plant mutualisms.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Street‐level bureaucrats, policy learning, and refugee resettlement: The case of Syrian refugees in Saskatoon, Canada
Authors: Marshall Aasa , Béland Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn late 2015 and early 2016, the Canadian government resettled 25,000 Syrian refugees within roughly a three‐month period. This initiative brought a much higher number of refugees to Canada than are usually accepted in that time frame and put pressure on the resettlement system. This article focuses on policy learning on the part of street‐level bureaucrats—employees of the organizations that do the work of resettling Government Assisted Refugees at the community level—and how they dealt with the pressure created by this situation. The findings indicate that the Syrian initiative exposed weaknesses in the existing system and created new obstacles with which street‐level bureaucrats working for Service Provider Organizations (SPOs) had to contend. Presented with an overwhelming strain on the system, street‐level bureaucrats at Saskatoon SPOs performed a real‐time evaluation of the system in which they work and devised solutions to issues as they arose.
An interval type‐2 fuzzy trust evaluation model in social commerce
Authors: Wu Tong , Liu Xinwang , Qin Jindong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTrust is crucial for purchasing decisions in social commerce. However, inexperienced users may not have a direct trust relation to experienced users in practice. Besides, users tend to give their trust degrees to others with linguistic labels rather than crisp values. To evaluate the trust degree for inexperienced users to experienced ones, we propose an interval type‐2 fuzzy trust evaluation model in this paper. Interval type‐2 fuzzy linguistic labels are used to represent trust degree among users. An interval type‐2 fuzzy Algebraic t‐norm is addressed to compute propagative trust degrees. Considering the effect of trust path length, the induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA) operator is extended to aggregate the interval type‐2 fuzzy trust degrees obtained from multiple paths. In addition, the final interval type‐2 fuzzy trust degree is transferred into the corresponding linguistic label to help users make decisions more naturally. Finally, a case study in social commerce and a related comparison are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Realpolitik and Jihad: The Iranian Use of Shiite Militias in Syria
Authors: Zalayat Ilan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Shi‘a militias that have been involved in the war in Syria since 2011 were dispatched by Iran from neighboring countries, and they have exploited their position as aid‐givers by implementing a long‐term scheme of Iran regarding Syria. This article seeks to define the purpose and modus operandi of the involvement of these militias in Syria, as a case study of Iranian policy throughout the region. The essence and purposes of this regional policy has been analyzed using realistic and soft power approaches, alongside political thought from the Sh'ia Islam and the fundamentals of the Islamic Revolution; the reflection of this policy in Syria is identified by tracing reports and publications regarding the complicity of the Shi‘a militias in the war. The article claims that war‐racked Syria is a sort of test case for Iran protecting itself by attempting to spread its hegemony — and thus deterrence — across the region, a plan that is combined with and carried out through an ideological Jihadist promotion of an Islamic order. Accordingly, the Shi‘a militias are striving to ensure a lasting foothold for Iran in the areas in Syria that are essential to Iranian regional aspirations, by imposing Iranian political, military, and religious influences among these territories and populations.
Arrhythmias in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chiengthong Kanhatai , Lertjitbanjong Ploypin , Thongprayoon Charat , Bathini Tarun , Sharma Konika , Prasitlumkum Narut , Mao Michael A , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are controversial data regarding the relationship between hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and arrhythmias. This meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the incidence of arrhythmias in patients following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsA literature search was conducted utilizing MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Databases from inception through April 2019. Pooled incidence with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random‐effects meta‐analysis. The protocol for this meta‐analysis is registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; no. CRD42019131833).ResultsThirteen studies consisting of 10,587 patients undergoing HSCT were enrolled in this systematic review. Overall, the pooled estimated incidence of all types of arrhythmias following HSCT was 7.2% (95% CI: 4.9%‐10.5%). With respect to the most common type of arrhythmia, the pooled estimated incidence of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFL) within 30 days following HSCT was 4.2% (95% CI: 1.7%‐9.6%). Egger's regression test demonstrated no significant publication bias in this meta‐analysis of post‐HSCT arrhythmia incidence.ConclusionThe overall estimated incidence of arrhythmias following HSCT was 7.2%. Future large scale studies are needed to further elucidate the significance and clinical impact of arrhythmias in post‐HSCT patients.
Allergy promotes alopecia areata in a subset of patients
Authors: Zhang Xingqi , McElwee Kevin J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this commentary, we focus on allergy as a facilitating factor in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA). From previous studies on AA, it is well known that subsets of patients can have one or more of; seasonal relapse, comorbid atopic rhinitis, asthma and dermatitis, lesion infiltrating eosinophils and plasma cells, high levels of total IgE, specific IgE for house dust mites (HDMs), and/or disrupted skin barrier function by the evaluation of filaggrin. Allergy and AA share a similar genetic background; both contributing to an immune reaction imbalance. Furthermore, adjunctive treatment with antihistamines, or desensitization for HDM, can reduce the severity of alopecia in atopic AA patients. Therefore, allergies may contribute to the onset and relapse of AA. Identification of an allergic or atopic immune component in AA patient subsets may indicate adjunctive treatment intervention measures against allergies should be taken which may improve the success of conventional AA treatment.
Evaluation of user interface design metrics by generating realistic‐looking dashboard samples
Authors: Pastushenko Olena , Hynek Jiří , Hruška Tomáš 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe analysis of user interfaces using quantitative metrics is a straightforward way to quickly measure interface usability and other various design aspects (such as the suitability of page layout or selected colors). Development and evaluation of objective metrics corresponding with user perception, however, usually requires a sufficiently large training set of user interface samples. Finding real user interface samples might not be easy. Therefore, we rather use generated samples. In such case, we need to provide a realistic‐looking appearance of samples. This paper describes a workflow of the preparation of such samples. It presents a configurable generator based on the composition of simple widgets according to a predefined model. It also describes a reusable library for simple creation of widgets using capabilities of the JavaScript framework Vue.js. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the generator on a generation of dashboard samples which are used to evaluate existing metrics of interface aesthetics and show the possibility of their improvement.
Association between interleukin‐10 genetic variant (‐1082G>A) with detection and severity of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates
Authors: Al‐shaer Osama S. , Behiry Eman G. , Elsadek Akram E. , Salama Shaimaa A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal cytokine production derived from specific polymorphisms can have effect on development of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether polymorphisms of IL10 in preterm newborn are associated with RDS.MethodsA total of one hundred and one venous blood samples were collected from preterm neonates, and they were classified as 51 with no RDS and 50 with RDS. Grading of RDS, history of surfactant administration or ventilator was assessed in the diseased group. Genetic variant of IL10‐1082G/A (rs1800896) was genotyped by PCR‐RFLP.ResultsThe RDS group showed a higher prevalence of IL10‐1082 AA and lower prevalence of IL10‐1082 GG (p < .001). We found that the incidence of the allele G in the IL10‐1082 polymorphism was lower in the RDS group (24%) than the non‐RDS group (51%) (p < .001). Allele model (A vs. G): OR = 0.304, 95% CI: 0.166–0.554, p ≤ .001; Dominant model (AA vs. AG + GG): OR = 0 0.470, 95% CI: 0.282–0.783, p = .04. More severe grades of RDS, need for surfactant and mechanical ventilation, were significantly associated with AA genotype when compared to AG + GG genotypes. IL10 (AG + GG) genotypes were considered as an independent predictor for lower risk of RDS within preterm neonates.ConclusionIL10‐1082 A/A genotype associated with increased susceptibility to RDS. Also, A allele has been associated with increase severity of RDS in preterm neonates. Regression analysis revealed that IL10 AG + GG genotypes were considered as independent predictors for lower risk development of RDS within preterm neonates.
Clinical managers' identity at the crossroad of multiple institutional logics in it innovation: The case study of a health care organization in England
Authors: Bernardi Roberta , Exworthy Mark 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClinical managers play a crucial role in securing the implementation and sustainability of information technology (IT) innovation in health care. Yet, not all clinical managers are willing and able to support IT innovation, particularly when the institutional logics of an IT innovation challenge their professional practice. We investigate how clinical managers use their hybrid identities to reconcile differences among competing institutional logics that affect IT innovation. Based on three examples of IT innovation (telehealth for obstructive sleep apnoea, telehealth for heart failure, and electrocardiograms) in a health care organization in England, we identify three roles in IT innovation (innovation advocate, innovation broker, and innovation laggard) that clinical managers enacted in response to three degrees of conflict between institutional logics (no conflict, moderate conflict, and high conflict), respectively. We make the following contributions. First, we demonstrate how clinical managers' perception of their hybrid role in relation to their professional identity influences their response to the conflicting institutional demands of IT innovation. We conclude that clinical managers' fragmented identities can compromise their ability to effectively manage IT innovation in health care. Second, our findings raise implications for understanding the role of professionals' hybrid identities in the implementation of digital transformation at the intersection of multiple institutional logics.
Senescence‐induced immunophenotype, gene expression and electrophysiology changes in human amniocytes
Authors: Airini Razvan , Iordache Florin , Alexandru Dorin , Savu Lorand , Epureanu Florin Bogdan , Mihailescu Dan , Amuzescu Bogdan , Maniu Horia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evidence replicative senescence‐induced changes in human amniocytes via flow cytometry, quantitative reverse‐transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and automated/manual patch‐clamp. Both cryopreserved and senescent amniocytes cultured in BIO‐AMF‐2 medium featured high percentages of pluripotency cell surface antigens SSEA‐1, SSEA‐4, TRA1‐60, TRA1‐81 (assessed by flow cytometry) and expression of pluripotency markers Oct4 (Pou5f1) and Nanog (by qRT‐PCR). We demonstrated in senescent vs cryopreserved amniocytes decreases in mesenchymal stem cell surface markers. Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase stained only senescent amniocytes, and they showed no deoxyuridine incorporation. The gene expression profile revealed a secretory phenotype of senescent amniocytes (increased interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐8, transforming growth factor β, nuclear factor κB p65 expression), increases for cell cycle‐regulating genes (p16INK4A), cytoskeletal elements (β‐actin); HMGB1, c‐Myc, Bcl‐2 showed reduced changes and p21, MDM2 decreased. Via patch‐clamp we identified five ion current components: outward rectifier K+ current, an inactivatable component, big conductance Ca2+‐dependent K+ channels (BK) current fluctuations, Na+ current, and inward rectifier K+ current. Iberiotoxin 100 nmol/L blocked 71% of BK fluctuations, and lidocaine 200 μmol/L exerted use‐dependent Na+ current block. Transient receptor potential (TRP)M7‐like current density at −120 mV was significantly increased in senescent amniocytes. The proinflammatory profile acquired by senescent amniocytes in vitro may prevent their use in clinical therapies for immunosuppression, antiapoptotic and healing effects.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and sarcopenia in a lean elderly adult with type 2 diabetes: A case report
Authors: Yasuda Megumi , Iizuka Katsumi , Kato Takehiro , Liu Yanyan , Takao Ken , Nonomura Kenta , Mizuno Masami , Yabe Daisuke 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA 70‐year‐old woman with type 2 diabetes was admitted to Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan, because of ketosis. She was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at age 49 years and started insulin therapy at age 57 years, which restored glycemic control. Insulin therapy was discontinued and oral antidiabetes drugs, including sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, were initiated at age 69 years. Thereafter, her bodyweight declined from 40.0 kg to 29.8 kg in 12 months; glycated hemoglobin remained >8.0%. On admission to our hospital, her laboratory tests and computed tomography scan showed ketosis, insulinopenia, and the presence of dehydration and bacterial pneumonia. She also lost substantial bodyweight and developed sarcopenia. The current case shows the importance of patient assessment before sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor initiation in the elderly.
Ixekizumab sustains high level of efficacy and favourable safety profile over 4 years in patients with moderate psoriasis: results from UNCOVER‐3 study
Authors: Lebwohl M.G. , Gordon K.B. , Gallo G. , Zhang L. , Paul C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis, a chronic disease usually requires long‐term disease management.ObjectiveThis study evaluates the efficacy and safety of recommended ixekizumab (IXE) dose over 4 years (204 weeks) from UNCOVER‐3 study.MethodsUNCOVER‐3 was a randomised, double‐blind, multicenter, phase 3 study wherein patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis received placebo, IXE 80 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W), IXE 80 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) (both IXE groups had 160 mg starting dose) or etanercept 50 mg twice weekly. At week 12, all patients switched to IXE Q4W dose for the long‐term extension (264 weeks). After week 60 and at investigator's discretion, patients could receive dose adjustment to IXE Q2W. The efficacy endpoints at week 204 were percentage of patients achieving PASI 75/90/100, sPGA score of 1 or 0, and those achieving PSSI = 0, NAPSI = 0 and PPASI 100. Efficacy data were summarised through 204 weeks using as‐observed, multiple imputation (MI) and modified non‐responder imputation (mNRI) methods.ResultsThe proportion of patients achieving PASI 75/90/100 at week 204 using mNRI method were 82.8%, 66.4% and 48.3%, respectively. Using as‐observed and MI methods, 98.2% and 94.8% patients achieved PASI 75, 87.8% and 73.3% achieved PASI 90, and 67.1% and 52.7% achieved PASI 100 response, respectively, at week 204. The response rates for sPGA (0, 1) were 88.7%, 76.2% and 68.5% and for sPGA (0) were 68.9%, 54.6% and 49.7% using as‐observed, MI and mNRI methods, respectively. Similar trends were observed with NAPSI = 0, PSSI = 0, PPASI 100 and itch NRS = 0. There were no new safety concerns through year 4.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated sustained high‐efficacy response through 4 years of continuous treatment with ixekizumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. The safety profile remained consistent with prior findings, with no new or unexpected safety concerns.
Influence of a light‐activated glaze on the adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to the surface of polymers used in fabrication of interim prostheses
Authors: dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Commar Betina Chiarelo , da Silva Emily Vivianne Freitas , Barão Valentim Adelino Ricardo , Matos Adaias Oliveira , Goiato Marcelo Coelho 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to the surface of interim prostheses that were treated or not treated with a light‐activated glaze, and subjected or not subjected to a thermocycling procedure.Methods36 specimens of each resin were divided into 4 groups: heat‐activated acrylic resin; chemically‐activated acrylic resin; bis‐acryl composite resin (Protemp; 3M ESPE); and bis‐GMA (Charisma; Heraeus Kulzer). Half of the specimens underwent application of glaze and the other half underwent mechanical polishing. Specimens were randomly distributed into groups (N = 9) with and without thermocycling (2000 cycles). Surface energy, roughness and microbiological analyses were performed.ResultsGroups treated with glaze showed lower roughness when compared with the same groups without glaze treatment, before and after thermocycling, except for the bis‐acryl groups after thermocycling. Surface energy values were higher in the groups treated with glaze, except the bis‐acryl group before and after thermocycling. After thermocycling, the values of bacterial adhesion decreased numerically, with the exception of the chemically‐activated acrylic resin group treated with glaze and the heat‐activated acrylic resin group without glaze treatment.ConclusionThe application of glaze and the thermocycling do not influence, in a statistically significant manner, the bacterial adhesion on polymer surfaces.
Psychotropic medication use in adults with intellectual disability in Queensland, Australia, from 1999 to 2015: a cohort study
Authors: Song M. , Ware R. , Doan T. N. , Harley D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundLongitudinal data on medication use in adults with intellectual disability (ID) are scarce. We describe the longitudinal use of and factors associated with psychotropic medication prescribing in adults with ID living in the Australian community.MethodsLongitudinal data were obtained from adults with ID in the community in Queensland, Australia, between 1999 and 2015. Participant characteristics and medication use information were extracted from baseline questionnaires and health check booklets. Logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between participant characteristics and psychotropic medication use, commencement or cessation.ResultsLongitudinal data were available for 138 participants on 697 reviews. The proportion of participants prescribed psychotropic medications increased from 43% to 54% between 1999 and 2015. The rates of commencement and cessation of psychotropic medications between consecutive time periods ranged from 9% to 18% and 7% to 15%, respectively. Challenging behaviour was associated with psychotropic medication use (adjusted odds ratio = 4.1; 95% confidence interval: 2.1–7.9). Presence of challenging behaviour, either consistent or newly identified, was positively associated with ongoing use or commencement of psychotropic medications.ConclusionsPsychotropic medications are commonly prescribed to adults with ID. Challenging behaviour is positively associated with ongoing use and commencement.