bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroclinical features of insulo‐opercular epilepsy: an SEEG and PET study
Authors: Wang Xiu , Hu Wenhan , McGonigal Aileen , Zhang Chao , Sang Lin , Zhao Baotian , Sun Tao , Wang Feng , Zhang Jian‐guo , Shao Xiaoqiu , Zhang Kai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report clinical experience with presurgical evaluation in patients with insulo‐opercular epilepsy. Quantitative analysis on PET imaging and stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) signals was used to summarize their electroclinical features.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with focal epilepsy arising from the insular and/or opercular cortex according to SEEG were retrospectively analyzed. Presurgical noninvasive data were analyzed in detail. Interictal PET data of patients were then statistically compared with those of healthy controls to identify the interictal hypometabolic network. The epileptogenicity index (EI) of ictal SEEG signal was computed to identify areas of spread at the beginning of seizure onset.ResultsFocal tonic seizures of the face and/or neck (16/22, 73%) were the most prevalent early objective signs. Epileptic discharges in the interictal and ictal scalp‐EEG mostly showed an ipsilateral perisylvian distribution. Statistical analysis of interictal PET showed significant hypometabolism in the insular lobe, central operculum, supplementary motor area, middle cingulate cortex, bilateral caudate nuclei, and putamen. According to the EI analysis, insulo‐opercular epilepsy could be classified as insulo‐opercular epilepsy (50%), opercular epilepsy (41%), and insular cortex epilepsy (9%).SignificanceClinical diagnosis of insulo‐opercular epilepsy is challenging because of its complex seizure semiology and nonlocalizing discharges on scalp‐EEG. A common hypometabolic network involving the insulo‐opercular cortex, mesial frontal cortex and subcortical nuclei may be involved in the organization of the insulo‐opercular epilepsy network. Furthermore, quantified SEEG analysis suggested that pure insular epilepsy is rare, and the close connection between insular and opercular cortex necessitates SEEG implantation to define the epileptogenic zone.
Biomechanical Energy‐Harvesting Wearable Textile‐Based Personal Thermal Management Device Containing Epitaxially Grown Aligned Ag‐Tipped‐NixCo1−xSe Nanowires/Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Hazarika Ankita , Deka Biplab K. , Jeong Changyoon , Park Young‐Bin , Park Hyung Wook 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnergy consumption is increasing with the rapid growth of externally powered electronics. A vast amount of energy is needed for indoor heating, and body heat is dissipated to the surroundings. Recently, wearable heaters have attracted interest for their efficiency in providing articular thermotherapy. Herein, the fabrication of a personal thermal management device with a self‐powering ability to generate heat through triboelectricity is reported. Composites are prepared with vertically aligned silver tipped nickel cobalt selenide (Ag@NixCo1−xSe) nanowire arrays synthesized on the surface of woven Kevlar fiber (WKF) sheets and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The Ag@NixCo1−xSe with rGO induces effective Joule heating in the composites (79 °C at 2.1 V). The WKF/Ag@NixCo1−xSe/PDMS composite shows higher infrared reflectivity (98.1%) and thermal insulation (54.8%) than WKF/PDMS. The WKF/Ag@NixCo1−xSe/PDMS/rGO composite has an impact resistance and tensile strength that are 152.2% and 92.1% higher, respectively, than those of WKF/PDMS. A maximum output power density of 1.1 mW cm−2 at a low frequency of 5 Hz confirms efficient mechanical energy harvesting of the composites, which enables self‐heating. The high flexibility, breathability, washability, and effective heat generation achieved during body movement satisfy the wearability requirement and can address global energy concerns.
Osteochondral Regeneration with 3D‐Printed Biodegradable High‐Strength Supramolecular Polymer Reinforced‐Gelatin Hydrogel Scaffolds
Authors: Gao Fei , Xu Ziyang , Liang Qingfei , Li Haofei , Peng Liuqi , Wu Mingming , Zhao Xiaoli , Cui Xu , Ruan Changshun , Liu Wenguang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBiomacromolecules with poor mechanical properties cannot satisfy the stringent requirement for load‐bearing as bioscaffolds. Herein, a biodegradable high‐strength supramolecular polymer strengthened hydrogel composed of cleavable poly(N‐acryloyl 2‐glycine) (PACG) and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) (PACG‐GelMA) is successfully constructed by photo‐initiated polymerization. Introducing hydrogen bond‐strengthened PACG contributes to a significant increase in the mechanical strengths of gelatin hydrogel with a high tensile strength (up to 1.1 MPa), outstanding compressive strength (up to 12.4 MPa), large Young's modulus (up to 320 kPa), and high compression modulus (up to 837 kPa). In turn, the GelMA chemical crosslinking could stabilize the temporary PACG network, showing tunable biodegradability by adjusting ACG/GelMA ratios. Further, a biohybrid gradient scaffold consisting of top layer of PACG‐GelMA hydrogel‐Mn2+ and bottom layer of PACG‐GelMA hydrogel‐bioactive glass is fabricated for repair of osteochondral defects by a 3D printing technique. In vitro biological experiments demonstrate that the biohybrid gradient hydrogel scaffold not only supports cell attachment and spreading but also enhances gene expression of chondrogenic‐related and osteogenic‐related differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells. Around 12 weeks after in vivo implantation, the biohybrid gradient hydrogel scaffold significantly facilitates concurrent regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat model.
A Portable and Efficient Solar‐Rechargeable Battery with Ultrafast Photo‐Charge/Discharge Rate
Authors: Hu Yuxiang , Bai Yang , Luo Bin , Wang Songcan , Hu Han , Chen Peng , Lyu Miaoqiang , Shapter Joe , Rowan Alan , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe solar‐rechargeable electric energy storage systems (SEESSs), which can simultaneously harvest and store solar energy, are considered a promising next‐generation renewable energy supply system. However, the difficulty in meeting the demands of higher overall photoelectric conversion and storage efficiency (PCSE) with both high power density and large energy density in the current SEESSs severely limit their practical application. Herein, a new class is demonstrated of portable and highly efficient SEESS that uniquely integrates a perovskite solar module (PSM) and an aluminum‐ion battery (AIB) directly on a bifunctional aluminum electrode without any external circuit. Such nanostructural design in the SEESS not only exhibits fast photo‐charge/discharge rate (less than one minute) with high power density (above 5000 W kg−1), but also delivers a high energy density (above 43 Wh kg−1). By rationally matching the maximum power point voltage of PSM with AIB charging voltage, an excellent solar‐charging efficiency of 15.2% and a high PCSE of 12.04% are achieved, which is among the best in all reported portable SEESSs. Moreover, enhanced PCSE is observed as the light intensity decreases, which makes such SEESS immune from the geographical location and climate limitations for diverse practical applications.
Suppression of Recombination Losses in Polymer:Nonfullerene Acceptor Organic Solar Cells due to Aggregation Dependence of Acceptor Electron Affinity
Authors: Cha Hyojung , Fish George , Luke Joel , Alraddadi Ahmad , Lee Hyun Hwi , Zhang Weimin , Dong Yifan , Limbu Saurav , Wadsworth Andrew , Maria Iuliana P. , Francàs Laia , Sou Hou Lon , Du Tian , Kim Ji‐Seon , McLachlan Martyn A. , McCulloch Iain , Durrant James R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHere, it is investigated whether an energetic cascade between mixed and pure regions assists in suppressing recombination losses in non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA)‐based organic solar cells. The impact of polymer‐NFA blend composition upon morphology, energetics, charge carrier recombination kinetics, and photocurrent properties are studied. By changing film composition, morphological structures are varied from consisting of highly intermixed polymer‐NFA phases to consisting of both intermixed and pure phase. Cyclic voltammetry is employed to investigate the impact of blend morphology upon NFA lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level energetics. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the importance of an energetic cascade between mixed and pure phases in the electron–hole dynamics in order to well separate spatially localized electron–hole pairs. Raman spectroscopy is used to investigate the origin of energetic shift of NFA LUMO levels. It appears that the increase in NFA electron affinity in pure phases relative to mixed phases is correlated with a transition from a relatively planar backbone structure of NFA in pure, aggregated phases, to a more twisted structure in molecularly mixed phases. The studies focus on addressing whether aggregation‐dependent acceptor LUMO level energetics are a general design requirement for both fullerene and NFAs, and quantifying the magnitude, origin, and impact of such energetic shifts upon device performance.
Fitness of an allopolyploid rupicolous fern compared with its diploid progenitors: from sporogenesis to sporophyte formation
Authors: Pangua Emilia , Pajarón Santiago , Quintanilla Luis G. 
Published: June 2019

PremiseWhen two populations of related cytotypes grow in sympatry, the rarer cytotype tends to be excluded due to a frequency‐dependent mating disadvantage. Evolutionary models predict that polyploids, which are typically the rarer cytotype upon first formation, should have higher relative fitness and/or higher selfing rates to establish and then coexist with diploid parents.MethodsPerformance during early recruitment was compared among three co‐occurring rupicolous fern species: the allotetraploid Cheilanthes tinaei and its diploid ancestors, C. hispanica and C. maderensis. In culture experiments, fresh spores and samples of soil spore banks were tested for variation among cytotypes in germination, survival, fecundity, and mating system of gametophytes.ResultsCompared with its diploid parents, C. tinaei fresh spores had higher abortion percentages, lower dispersal ability as a result of its larger spores, and similar vigor at germination. For gametophytes from soil spore banks, C. tinaei had high survival similar to C. maderensis, but its sex expression resembled that of C. hispanica, with a high proportion of males. Patterns of sporophyte formation by females and bisexuals indicate that the polyploid does not have an increased gametophytic selfing rate. Gametophytes were larger in C. tinaei, but its reproductive success (sporophyte formation) was intermediate relative to diploids.ConclusionsOur results show no evidence of higher selfing or fitness advantage of the allopolyploid over both diploid parents at any stage of early recruitment. These two unexpected findings suggest that further factors, such as niche differentiation, play a more important role in cytotype coexistence.
Skin picking disorder in 97 Italian and Spanish Cri du chat patients
Authors: Spunton Marianna , Guala Andrea , Liverani Maria E. , Medolago Luisa , Tognon Fabio , Casado Félix , del Valle Marta , Porras Josefina , Larrea Isabel , Porta Giovanni , Albani Giovanni , Nevado Julian , Danesino Cesare 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSkin picking (SP) disorder is characterized by recurrent SP resulting in skin lesions. Several studies estimated its prevalence as approximately 2–4 % of the general population. It is also present in a high percentage of patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities, such as Cri du chat (CdC) syndrome, a rare genetic disorder caused by variable size deletions of the short arm of chromosome 5. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in 97 patients with CdC syndrome, the following data: frequency of SP, patient's age at onset, type, and topographic–anatomic distribution of the lesions presented. The results show that 85% of patients confirm a SP disorder, usually concentrated on the hands, fingers, and the face, with onset between 6 and 10 years of age, regardless of patient's sex. Evidence for early appearance of SP behavior, high prevalence in stressful circumstances, and efficacy of distracting actions immediately suggest the possibility that proper parental information about SP behavior and parental education concerning the methods to deal with this problem may result in its efficient reduction already in childhood.
PDXK mutations cause polyneuropathy responsive to pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate supplementation
Authors: Chelban Viorica , Wilson Matthew P. , Warman Chardon Jodi , Vandrovcova Jana , Zanetti M. Natalia , Zamba‐Papanicolaou Eleni , Efthymiou Stephanie , Pope Simon , Conte Maria R. , Abis Giancarlo , Liu Yo‐Tsen , Tribollet Eloise , Haridy Nourelhoda A. , Botía Juan A. , Ryten Mina , Nicolaou Paschalis , Minaidou Anna , Christodoulou Kyproula , Kernohan Kristin D. , Eaton Alison , Osmond Matthew , Ito Yoko , Bourque Pierre , Jepson James E. C. , Bello Oscar , Bremner Fion , Cordivari Carla , Reilly Mary M. , Foiani Martha , Heslegrave Amanda , Zetterberg Henrik , Heales Simon J. R. , Wood Nicholas W. , Rothman James E. , Boycott Kym M. , Mills Philippa B. , Clayton Peter T. , Houlden Henry ,   for the Care4Rare Canada Consortium and the SYNaPS Study Group
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo identify disease‐causing variants in autosomal recessive axonal polyneuropathy with optic atrophy and provide targeted replacement therapy.MethodsWe performed genome‐wide sequencing, homozygosity mapping, and segregation analysis for novel disease‐causing gene discovery. We used circular dichroism to show secondary structure changes and isothermal titration calorimetry to investigate the impact of variants on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding. Pathogenicity was further supported by enzymatic assays and mass spectroscopy on recombinant protein, patient‐derived fibroblasts, plasma, and erythrocytes. Response to supplementation was measured with clinical validated rating scales, electrophysiology, and biochemical quantification.ResultsWe identified biallelic mutations in PDXK in 5 individuals from 2 unrelated families with primary axonal polyneuropathy and optic atrophy. The natural history of this disorder suggests that untreated, affected individuals become wheelchair‐bound and blind. We identified conformational rearrangement in the mutant enzyme around the ATP‐binding pocket. Low PDXK ATP binding resulted in decreased erythrocyte PDXK activity and low pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) concentrations. We rescued the clinical and biochemical profile with PLP supplementation in 1 family, improvement in power, pain, and fatigue contributing to patients regaining their ability to walk independently during the first year of PLP normalization.InterpretationWe show that mutations in PDXK cause autosomal recessive axonal peripheral polyneuropathy leading to disease via reduced PDXK enzymatic activity and low PLP. We show that the biochemical profile can be rescued with PLP supplementation associated with clinical improvement. As B6 is a cofactor in diverse essential biological pathways, our findings may have direct implications for neuropathies of unknown etiology characterized by reduced PLP levels. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:225–240
Promoting Subordinate, Efficient Ruthenium Sites with Interstitial Silicon for Pt‐Like Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Chen Hui , Ai Xuan , Liu Wang , Xie Zhoubing , Feng Weiqiang , Chen Wei , Zou Xiaoxin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe fundamental understanding and rational manipulation of catalytic site preference at extended solid surfaces is crucial in the search for advanced catalysts. Herein we find that the Ru top sites at metallic ruthenium surface have efficient Pt‐like activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but they are subordinate to their adjacent, less active Ru3‐hollow sites due to the stronger hydrogen‐binding ability of the latter. We also present an interstitial incorporation strategy for the promotion of the Ru top sites from subordinate to dominant character, while maintaining Pt‐like catalytic activity. Our combined theoretical and experimental studies further identify intermetallic RuSi as a highly active, non‐Pt material for catalyzing the HER, because of its suitable electronic structure governed by a good balance of ligand and strain effects.
High‐Throughput Isolation of Cell Protrusions with Single‐Cell Precision for Profiling Subcellular Gene Expression
Authors: Zhang Pengchao , Han Xin , Yao Jun , Shao Ning , Zhang Kai , Zhou Yufu , Zu Youli , Wang Bin , Qin Lidong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInvading cancer cells extend cell protrusions, which guide cancer‐cell migration and invasion, eventually leading to metastasis. The formation and activity of cell protrusions involve the localization of molecules and organelles at the cell front; however, it is challenging to precisely isolate these subcellular structures at the single‐cell level for molecular analysis. Here, we describe a newly developed microfluidic platform capable of high‐throughput isolation of cell protrusions at single‐cell precision for profiling subcellular gene expression. Using this microfluidic platform, we demonstrate the efficient generation of uniform cell‐protrusion arrays (more than 5000 cells with protrusions) for a series of cell types. We show precise isolation of cell protrusions with high purity at single‐cell precision for subsequent RNA‐Seq analysis, which was further validated by RT‐qPCR and RNA FISH. Our highly controlled protrusion isolation method opens a new avenue for the study of subcellular functional mechanisms and signaling pathways in metastasis.
Regenerative robotics
Authors: Damian Dana D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCongenital diseases requiring reconstruction of parts of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, or bone are a challenge to alleviate especially in rapidly growing children. Novel technologies may be the answer. This article presents the state‐of‐art in regenerative robotic technologies, which are technologies that assist tissues and organs to regenerate using sensing and mechanotherapeutical capabilities. It addresses the challenges in the development of such technologies, among which are autonomy and fault‐tolerance for long‐term therapy as well as morphological conformations and compliance of such devices to adapt to gradual changes of the tissues in vivo. The potential as medical devices for delivering therapies for tissue growth and as tools for scientific exploration of regenerative mechanisms is also discussed.
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Radermacher Margarete 
Published: June 2019

Wissenschaft & GesellschaftScience bridges cultures – Wissenschaft verbindetAusbildungArs legendi‐Fakultätenpreis Biologie 2019 verliehenLandesverbände & FachgesellschaftenArbeitskreiseAK Gesundheit und Biologie im VBIOAK Schulbiologie
Three modes of psychotherapy and their requisite core skills
Authors: Lundh Lars‐Gunnar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe field of psychotherapy suffers from the lack of an integrative meta‐perspective on the large variety of existing psychotherapies and on the therapeutic skills involved. In the present paper, it is suggested that the development of a more comprehensive view of this field may be facilitated if we differentiate between three modes of psychotherapy, which require different therapeutic core skills: (a) an educational mode, which requires teaching skills; (b) a reparative mode, which requires analytic‐conceptualising skills to identify some kind of disordered functioning, in combination with specific relational‐technical skills to repair this dysfunction; and (c) a developmental mode, which involves engaging in a therapeutic relationship with patients to facilitate their personal growth, and which requires non‐directivity skills. In addition, some therapeutic skills (e.g., awareness and communication skills) may be more or less important in all modes of treatment. Concrete manifestations of the three different modes of psychotherapy are discussed in terms of five different theoretical perspectives on psychotherapy: the common factors, the humanistic‐experiential mindfulness cognitive‐behavioural (CBT) and psychodynamic perspective. The common factors model is criticised as being insufficient in several respects. Finally, it is argued that if personal therapeutic skills are essential to the effects of psychotherapy, then empirical research on psychotherapy needs to be re‐oriented towards a person‐oriented study of therapist skills in action, in the context of a study of the interaction between therapist and patient.
TiO2‐Based Photocatalysis at the Interface with Biology and Biomedicine
Authors: Tomás‐Gamasa María , Mascareñas José Luis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe conversion of sunlight into chemical energy by using photosynthetic machinery is at the heart of nature and life. Scientists have also learned to use light energy to promote a great variety of chemical reactions, most of which are based on redox processes involving electron‐transfer steps. Indeed, the area of photoredox catalysis has recently emerged as one of the hottest fields in synthetic chemistry. Many of the photoredox reactions discovered so far take place in homogeneous phases, and rely on the use of soluble photoresponsive catalysts. However, in recent years, there have been many advances in the area of heterogeneous photocatalysis, most of which are based on the use of semiconductor materials, such as TiO2, as a key photocatalytic system. These technologies have found different applications, especially in the field of sustainable chemistry and therapy. Herein, some of these applications, and the potential of TiO2‐based photocatalysts in biology and biomedicine, are reviewed.
In Situ Reaction Monitoring of Unstable Lithiated Intermediates through Inline FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Fath Verena , Kockmann Norbert , Röder Thorsten 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBecause a multitude of reactions with n‐butyllithium are of high industrial significance, an in‐depth process understanding is required to render potential scale‐up from the laboratory to production more efficient. The objective of this work is to illuminate the mechanism underlying the deprotonation reaction of a CH‐acidic hydrocarbon compound with n‐butyllithium. Combining microreactor technology with inline FTIR spectroscopy, it was possible to quickly determine reliable kinetic data. It is shown that a complex reaction mechanism is involved in the synthesis of a highly reactive, nonisolable, lithiated component. Several kinetic approaches are studied in detail, and a possible mechanism based on the formation of butyllithium aggregates in tetrahydrofuran is postulated.