bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study exploring the clinical phenomenology and impact of hypersexuality in patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tayim Natalie , Panicker Jalesh N. , Foley Jennifer , Selai Caroline , El Sheikh Walaa G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHypersexuality (HS) is a complex yet underreported phenomenon in Parkinson’s disease (PD), profoundly impacting patients’ lives. This study aims to systematically investigate the clinical phenomenology and manifestations of HS using qualitative methodologies. This phenomenological qualitative research study employed semi-structured interviews to examine hypersexuality and its impact among nine English-speaking individuals with PD. Participants were recruited from clinical settings and met specific inclusion criteria, including clinically diagnosed PD, reported hypersexuality post-PD diagnosis, and no cognitive impairment. The study adhered to ethical standards, with written informed consent obtained from all participants. Nine patients with PD (six males, mean age 61.7 ± 13.3 years, and three females, mean age 64.3 ± 5.7 years) participated. The mean age of PD onset was 51.4 ± 12.5 years, while HS onset was 54.1 ± 11.5 years, ranging from 35 to 68 years. Eight of the nine patients were in monogamous relationships. Qualitative analysis revealed ten themes. Clinical manifestations included increased preoccupation with sex, heightened desire, and altered behaviors like risk-taking. Sexual practices varied, with increased urges not necessarily leading to more frequent sex with partners; instead, behaviors like masturbation and promiscuity were common. Emotional formulations ranged from negative to neutral, influenced by whether patients internalized or externalized their hypersexuality. Insight varied, with some patients viewing HS as natural and others seeing it as conflicting with their values. Control over HS was mixed, with efforts to manage behaviors influenced by personal or external factors. The impact on life was predominantly negative, affecting marital closeness, family dynamics, social interactions, work efficiency, and physical health. Patients perceived mostly negative feelings from their partners regarding HS. Stigma was significant, including personal shame, social concealment, and discomfort discussing HS with health professionals. Barriers to seeking help included communication deficits, professional neglect, and stigma. Despite challenges, patients expressed a desire for better guidance and open discussions with health professionals to manage HS. This study uncovered the profound impact of HS on various facets of life such as quality of life, work, and personal relationships, elucidating the emotional distress and societal challenges faced by patients. This preliminary study on hypersexuality in neurological disorders suggests multiple avenues for future research.
Machine learning identifies cytokine signatures of disease severity and autoantibody profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus – a pilot study
Authors: Pattanaik Sarit Sekhar , Das Bidyut Kumar , Tripathy Rina , Prusty Birendra Kumar , Parida Manoj Kumar , Tripathy Saumya Ranjan , Panda Aditya Kumar , Ravindran Balachandran , Mukherjee Ratnadeep 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDisrupted cytokine networks and autoantibodies play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, conflicting reports and non-reproducibility have hindered progress regarding the translational potential of cytokines in SLE. This study attempts to address the existing knowledge gap using multiplex cytokine assay and machine learning. 67 SLE patients fulfilling SLICC criteria were recruited after informed consent, and circulating cytokines were measured by multiplex cytokine assay kit. We observed a positive association between actual disease activity scores (SLEDAI) and predicted scores from a partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis of multivariate cytokine response data, with MIP-1α having a strong contribution towards disease activity. Our analysis also highlights increased IL-12 as a potential biomarker in nephritis and elevated MIP-1α as a signature of NPSLE. Using a k-Modes clustering algorithm to stratify patients based on patterns of co-occurrence of circulating autoantibodies, we identified 4 distinct clusters of patients. All 4 clusters had patients with nephritis, but patients in cluster 3 with nephritis were characterised by low levels of housekeeping and homeostatic cytokines and the presence of anti-Ro antibodies, which is a novel observation. Thus, we demonstrate that cytokines can be a surrogate to predict disease activity and organ involvement in SLE. Moreover, we show the utility of unsupervised machine learning algorithms using specific autoantibody signatures to predict renal involvement in SLE.
A qualitative study exploring barriers and facilitators in deceased organ donation process among transplant coordinators in India
Authors: Vincent Britzer Paul , Randhawa Gurch , Cook Erica 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough India’s organ donation rate is less than 1 per million population, significant disparities exist between the regions and centres within the country, leading to varying consent rates among different organ donation centres. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the experience of transplant coordinators and their barriers and facilitators in the deceased organ donation process across various organ donation centres in India. A phenomenological study using interviews was conducted among fourteen transplant coordinators purposefully recruited from public and private organ donation centres in India, with experience between six years and more than a decade. Audio recordings were transcribed and analysed using framework analysis. Five themes were identified namely: (1) supportive management policies, (2) infrastructure for the deceased organ donation process, (3) delays in the processing time, (4) active involvement in the identification process, and (5) explaining the concept of brain death. The study identifies that implementation priorities include strengthening teamwork, streamlining processes, optimising infrastructure for sensitive discussions, efficient donor identification, and empathetic handling of donor families’ grief stages. Collaborating with law enforcement, applying successful medico-legal strategies, improving family communication, and clarifying brain death concepts ethically and legally can boost consent rates, fostering informed decisions and possibly achieving self-sufficiency in deceased organ donation.
A novel multi‐target TBD scheme for GNSS‐based passive bistatic radar
Authors: Tang Tao , Wang Pengbo , Zhao Peng , Zeng Hongcheng , Chen Jie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)‐based passive bistatic radar (PBR) systems hold promise for use as low‐altitude surveillance mechanisms in critical urban and suburban zones, attributed to their low power consumption, good concealment, and worldwide reach. However, the increasing demand for airspace regulation presents challenges for multi‐target tracking. Additionally, the limited power budget of GNSS signals results in low target SNR, restricting the detection range. Hence, a novel multi‐target track‐before‐detect (TBD) scheme is proposed. This strategy employs a dual‐channel coarse focusing (DCCF)‐based cluster centroid extraction algorithm to identify potential target information in the range Doppler (RD) domain. Subsequently, a modified cardinalised probability hypothesis density (MCPHD) filter is utilised, enhanced with a birth target intensity estimation module assisted by Doppler and a trajectory management module, to accurately track multiple targets under conditions of low SNR. Simulation results and performance analysis using the Optimal Sub‐pattern Assignment (OSPA) metric confirm the effectiveness of our approach. Furthermore, in a real‐world experiment using the GPS L5 signal as an illuminator, the authors successfully processed experimental data to track a civil aircraft over 10 frames, demonstrating the practical applicability of the proposed method in GNSS‐based PBR systems.
Collisional damping in debris discs: Only significant if collision velocities are low
Authors: Jankovic Marija R. , Wyatt Mark C. , Löhne Torsten 
Published: November 2024

Context. Dusty debris discs around main sequence stars are observed to vary widely in terms of their vertical thickness. Their vertical structure may be affected by damping in inelastic collisions. Although kinetic models have often been used to study the collisional evolution of debris discs, these models have not yet been used to study the evolution of their vertical structure.
Aims. We extend an existing implementation of a kinetic model of collisional evolution to include the evolution of orbital inclinations and we use this model to study the effects of collisional damping in pre-stirred discs.
Methods. We evolved the number of particles of different masses, eccentricities, and inclinations using the kinetic model and used Monte Carlo simulations to calculate collision rates between particles in the disc. We considered all relevant collisional outcomes including fragmentation, cratering, and growth.
Results. Collisional damping is inefficient if particles can be destroyed by projectiles that are of much lower mass. If that is the case, catastrophic disruptions shape the distributions of eccentricities and inclinations, and their average values evolve slowly and at the same rate for all particle sizes.
Conclusions. The critical projectile-to-target mass ratio (Yc) and the collisional timescale jointly determine the level of collisional damping in debris discs. If Yc is much smaller than unity, a debris disc retains the inclination distribution that it is born with for much longer than the collisional timescale of the largest bodies in the disc. Such a disc should exhibit a vertical thickness that is independent of wavelength even in the absence of other physical processes. Collisional damping is efficient if Yc is of order unity or larger. For millimetre-sized dust grains and common material strength assumptions, this requires collision velocities of lower than ~40 m s−1. We discuss the implications of our findings for exo-Kuiper belts, discs around white dwarfs, and planetary rings.
A survey of extremely metal-poor gas at cosmic noon
Authors: Welsh Louise , Cooke Ryan , Fumagalli Michele , Pettini Max , Rudie Gwen C. 
Published: November 2024

Aims. We aim to study the high-precision chemical abundances of metal-poor gas clouds at cosmic noon (2 < z < 4) and investigate the associated enrichment histories.
Methods. We analyze the abundances of four newly discovered metal-poor gas clouds utilizing observations conducted with Keck/HIRES and VLT/UVES. These systems are classified as very metal-poor (VMP), with [Fe/H] < −2.57, and one system qualifies as an extremely metal-poor (EMP) Damped Lyman-α (DLA) system with [Fe/H] = −3.13 ± 0.06. In combination with new high-resolution data of two previously known EMP DLAs and 2 systems reported in the literature, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of eight of the most metal-poor gas clouds currently known. We focus on high-precision abundance measurements using the elements: C, N, O, Al, Si, and Fe.
Results. Our findings indicate increasing evidence of elevated [O/Fe] abundances when [Fe/H] < −3. EMP DLAs are well-modeled with a mean value of [O/Fe]cen = +0.50 ± 0.04 and an intrinsic scatter of
σint[O/Fe] = 0.13-0.04+0.06.

While VMP DLAs are well-modeled with [O/Fe]cen = +0.40 ± 0.02 and σint, [O/Fe] = 0.06 ± 0.02. We further find tentative evidence of a redshift evolution of [C/O] across these most metal-poor DLAs with lower redshift systems showing elevated [C/O] ratios. Using the measured abundances, combined with a stochastic chemical enrichment model, we investigate the properties of the stellar population responsible for enriching EMP gas at cosmic noon. We find that the chemistry of these systems is best explained via the enrichment of just two massive progenitors, N⋆ = 2 ± 1, that ended their lives as core collapse SNe with a typical explosion energy Eexp = (1.6 ± 0.6)×1051 erg. These progenitors formed obeying a Salpeter-like power-law IMF, where all stars of mass greater than Mmax = 32-4+10M⊙

collapse directly to black holes and do not contribute to the metal enrichment.
Neutrino mass experiments: Current and future
Authors: Thorne Larisa A. 
Published: November 2024

Nearly 70 years since the neutrino was discovered, and 25 years since discovery of neutrino oscillations established its non-zero mass, the absolute neutrino-mass scale remains unknown. Due to its unique characteristics, determining this neutrino property requires new measurement techniques to be developed. Currently, there are four measurement approaches: using cosmological models, inference from time-of-arrival from supernovae, through observation of neutrinoless double beta decay, and the kinematics of weak decay processes.
I will review the theoretical basis underlying neutrino mass measurement and present key experiments in this field. I will highlight the current best upper limits, how neutrino mass experiments are complementary to other neutrino property searches, and summarize the challenges that lie ahead of the neutrino mass community.
Arthralgien bei Psoriasis vulgaris – manchmal lohnt ein zweiter Blick
Authors: Schulte-Terhusen Philipp , Baraliakos Xenofon , Karagkiozidou Dimitra 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Die 71-jährige Patientin berichtete von langjährig bestehenden entzündlichen Arthralgien bei Psoriasis vulgaris. Eine Therapie mit Methotrexat hatte zu Leberwerterhöhungen geführt, unter Behandlung mit dem TNFα-Inhibitor Adalimumab persistierten die Beschwerden.
Untersuchungen Mittels Arthrosonografie und MRT konnte ein vorwiegend periartikuläres Inflammationsmuster an Handgelenken, Metakarpophalangeal-Gelenken und proximalen Interphalangeal-Gelenken ohne postentzündliche Stigmata einer Psoriasisarthritis objektiviert werden. Laborchemisch fand sich ein erhöhter anti-HCV-Titer mit hoher Viruslast im Sinne einer floriden Hepatitis C.
Diagnose Eine vorwiegend extrahepatisch manifestierte Hepatitis C mit assoziierter Periarthritis wurde diagnostiziert.
Therapie und Verlauf Unter kombinierter, interferonfreier antiviraler Therapie sistierten die Gelenkbeschwerden.
Folgerung Die Hepatitis C kann sich durch extrahepatische Manifestationen im Sinne einer periartikulären Inflammation äußern. Entzündlich suspekte Arthralgien bei Psoriasis vulgaris sind nicht gleichbedeutend mit der Diagnose einer Psoriasisarthritis und sollten fachgerecht rheumatologisch evaluiert werden.
Indikationsimpfungen bei Diabetes
Authors: Müller-Wieland Dirk , Gallwitz Baptist , Blüher Matthias , Seufert Jochen 
Published: November 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Die STIKO ordnet Menschen mit Diabetes und ggf. chronischen Nierenkrankheiten unabhängig von ihrem Diabetestyp als Risikogruppe ein. Für sie gibt es grundsätzlich keine Impfkontraindikationen, Ausnahmen sind lediglich Patienten nach Organtransplantation oder unter intensiver immunsuppressiver Therapie. Daher sollten empfohlene oder notwendige Impfungen auch bei fehlender Impfdokumentation durchgeführt werden. Bei Impfungen wird zwischen Standard-, Auffrisch- und Indikationsimpfungen unterschieden. Folgende Übersicht basiert auf den STIKO-Empfehlungen zu Indikations- und Auffrischimpfungen bei Erwachsenen mit Diabetes, um einen lebenslangen umfassenden Impfschutz zu erzielen.
Impact of Antipsychotic Medications on Weight Gain and Eating
Disorder-Related Psychopathology in Adult Inpatients with Anorexia
Nervosa
Authors: Bauman Tabea , Kolar David R. , Correll Christoph U. , Haas Verena , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction The impact of antipsychotic use on weight gain and eating
disorder-related psychopathology in adult inpatients with anorexia nervosa (AN)
is unclear.
Methods Consecutively hospitalized adults with AN were retrospectively
analyzed. Co-primary outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and weekly weight
change. Secondary outcomes were Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) subscale
scores ‘drive for thinness’ and ‘body dissatisfaction’. Admission-to-discharge
changes were compared in patients continuing pre-admission antipsychotics
(APcont), starting antipsychotics (APnew) and patients without
psychopharmacotherapy (noMed) using linear mixed models. Sensitivity analyses
were conducted in subgroups matched for age, length of stay, baseline BMI and
baseline EDI-2 scores. Subgroups were also compared regarding BMI trajectories,
using non-linear growth curve models. Within-group analyses compared weight gain
before vs. after the median antipsychotic onset week.
Results Of 775 adult inpatients (mean length of stay =103.5±48.0 days),
21.7% received antipsychotics (APcont =7.7%; APnew=13.9%), i. e., olanzapine
(n=127, dose =5.5±3.1 mg/day) or quetiapine (n=41, dose=100.0±97.7 mg/day),
while 78.3% did not receive any medication. Comparing all three groups, a
significant time×group interaction was found for noMed and APnew vs. APcont
(p=0.011), but this effect disappeared when comparing matched
subgroups. However, in matched subgroups (n=54 each) APnew showed steeper weight
gain vs. APcont both overall (p=0.011) and after median antipsychotic
initiation (5.8±5.0 weeks) (p≤0.001). No significant group differences
emerged in EDI-2 subscale scores.
Discussion In this naturalistic study, 22% of adult inpatients received
antipsychotics. However, neither weight gain nor AN-related psychopathology
changed differently in patients treated with vs. without antipsychotics. Newly
initiated antipsychotic treatment vs. continuation from pre-admission had better
weight gain outcomes.
Long-term Survival in Elderly Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Compared to the Age-matched General Population: A Meta-analysis of Reconstructed Time-to-Event Data
Authors: Kirov Hristo , Caldonazo Tulio , Toshmatov Sultonbek , Tasoudis Panagiotis , Mukharyamov Murat , Diab Mahmoud , Doenst Torsten 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) limits life expectancy compared to the general population. Myocardial infarctions (MIs) are the primary cause of death. The incidence of MI increases progressively with age and most MI deaths occur in the population older than 70 years. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may prevent the occurrence of new MIs by bypassing most CAD lesions, providing downstream “collateralization” to the diseased vessel, and consequently prolonging survival. We systematically assessed the survival-improving potential of CABG by comparing elderly CABG patients to the age-matched general population.
Methods Three databases were assessed. The primary and single outcome was long-term all-cause mortality. Time-to-event data of the individual studies were extracted and reconstructed in an overall survival curve. As a sensitivity analysis, summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all individual studies were pooled and meta-analytically addressed. The control group was based on the age-matched general population of each individual study.
Results From 1,352 records, 4 studies (4,045 patients) were included in the analysis. Elderly patients (>70 years) who underwent CABG had a significantly lower risk of death in the follow-up compared to the general age-matched population in the overall survival analysis (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.94; p < 0.001: mean follow-up was 7 years).
Conclusion Elderly patients who undergo CABG appear to have significantly better long-term survival compared to the age-matched general population. This advantage becomes visible after the first year and underscores the life-prolonging effect of bypass surgery, which may eliminate the expected reduction in life expectancy through CAD.
Opioid Use after Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Comparison between Open and Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Abaunza-Camacho Juan Felipe , Gomez-Niebles Sara , Madrinan-Navia Humberto , Aponte-Caballero Rafael , Riveros William Mauricio , Laverde-Frade Leonardo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Opioids are medications frequently used in patients with moderate and severe chronic pain. Their pharmacologic profile allows their use in acute severe postoperative pain. However, due to their highly addictive profile, opioid misuse is considered a public health issue. Vertebral spine fusion, decompression, and instrumentation are often associated with acute, severe postoperative pain. The present study aims to compare postoperative opioid consumption in a group of patients who underwent open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (OTLIF) against a similar group of patients who underwent minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MTLIF).
Methods We present a quantitative, observational, analytical, and historical cohort study. After convenience sampling, we identified 45 patients, 34 of whom underwent OTLIF and 11 underwent MTLIF. The analysis was made after measuring the following variables: demographics, type of surgery, length of stay, pain control, opioid type, and opioid dose. Statistical methods were implemented according to the origin and behavior of the variable.
Results We found a difference between significant and nonsignificant pain among the groups with less opioid consumption in the MTILF group. This difference was seen in the frequency and dosage during all observation periods. However, in the postoperative observation, the frequencies and dosages were equal between groups. According to linear regression, the type of surgery, radiculopathy, and radiculitis explain the significant postoperative pain in up to 50% of cases.
Conclusion Our study reveals a significant difference in opioid consumption between patients undergoing different surgical techniques. While these findings are valid for the studied population, the limitation in sample size highlights the need for further research. The implications of our findings on postoperative pain management and opioid use in spinal surgeries are significant and warrant continued investigation.
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Role of Imaging for Diagnosis
Authors: Ravina Ravina , Amina Nishat , Ghosh Anupran 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAndrogen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare disorder of sexual differentiation, characterized by impaired responsiveness to androgens, resulting in the development of typically female external genitalia, despite having a male chromosomal pattern (XY). In this case report, we describe the radiological findings of two young siblings diagnosed with AIS who presented with primary amenorrhea. The diagnosis was confirmed on laparotomy and gonads were surgically removed in both the siblings.
Lipofibromatous Hamartoma of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve with Significant Macrodactyly and Macrodystrophia Lipomatosa
Authors: Prasad Rohini , Rajeswaran Arun Kumar , Kumar Karishmah Senthil , Prasad Purvashree 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe report a rare presentation of lipofibromatous hamartoma involving the superficial peroneal nerve with significant macrodactyly in a woman in her late 40s, with a follow-up period of 3 years. We discuss the clinical presentation, distinguishing features, and the surgical technique chosen for maximum functional outcome, along with a review of the literature. This case report attempts to understand the spectrum of disease represented by lipofibromatous hamartoma, its nomenclature, diagnosis, and management depending on the extent of tissue involvement. In this case, as there was macrodystrophia with osseous overgrowth and extensive lipomatosis, the challenges involved in planning surgery for a desirable aesthetic and mechanical outcome have been discussed.