bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing a heuristic approach to enhance the reliability of system safety assessment
Authors: Yazdi Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProbabilistic risk assessment techniques are the important tools which can considerably improve the safety performance of the studied system and reduce the risk to an acceptable level. Typically, decision‐making process is an important part of risk assessment methods that accordingly bring the ambiguity inside. Decision makers as experts commonly express their subjective opinions about the occurrence of the root events in order to obtain the probability of the undesired event. Subsequently, the critical root events are identified, and possible intervention is performed to reduce the probability of the critical events. However, the serious point is the viability of the obtained probabilities and priority ranking of the critical events. In this study, a heuristic optimization model of linear mathematical programming using triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number (TrIFN) is proposed to obtain the feasible, optimum, and reliable results compared with available methods. The Spearman correlation is performed to examine the reliability and behavior of the proposed model. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, it is applied on a real case study. The application of the model confirms its robustness to prioritize critical root events over the conventional one.
On the pth moment integral input‐to‐state stability and input‐to‐state stability criteria for impulsive stochastic functional differential equations
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhu Quanxin , Karimi Hamid Reza 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this paper, several new Razumikhin‐type theorems for impulsive stochastic functional differential equations are studied by applying stochastic analysis techniques and Razumikhin stability approach. By developing a new comparison principle for stochastic version, some novel criteria of the pth moment integral input‐to‐state stability and input‐to‐state stability are derived for the related systems. The feature of the criteria shows that time‐derivatives of the Razumikhin functions are allowed to be indefinite, even unbounded, which can loosen the constraints of the existing results. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the usefulness and significance of the theoretical results.
Binary and Ternary Zinc(II) Complexes of Acyl Pyrazolones: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Analysis, Crystal Structure and Antimalarial Activity
Authors: Shaikh Irfan U. , Patel Rajesh K. , Mevada Vishal A. , Gupta Vivek K. , Jadeja Rajendrasinh N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new series of ZnII metal complexes of ligands 4‐(4‐chlorobenzoyl)‐5‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐one (PCBPMP) and 4‐(4‐chlorobenzoyl)‐5‐methyl‐2‐(p‐tolyl)‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐one (PCBTPMP) were prepared and characterized. The nature of bonding and the stereochemistry of the complexes were deduced from 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Molar conductivity measurements and Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The analyses indicated that complexes 1, 2 and 3 are mononuclear and exhibited octahedral geometry around ZnII. The potential in silico and in vitro antimalarial activity inhibits Plasmodium falciparum and the same was exhibited by Ligands and Zinc complexes. This would be the first report of the antimalarial activity of Zinc complexes of acyl pyrazolones ligand.
Identification of Ferric Ions Using a Palmatine@Q[8] Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Deng Xin Yu , Lü Li Bin , Zhu Qian Jiang , Tao Zhu , Chen Kai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present work, we investigated guest‐host interactions between the palmatine guest and the Q[8] host. The results revealed the formation of a 1:2 host‐guest inclusion complex accompanied by strong fluorescence emission. Using the palmatine@Q[8] inclusion complex as a fluorescent probe, we detect various metal cations, including alkali (A+), alkaline earth (AE2+), transition (Trn+) and lanthanides (Ln3+) metal cations. The probe underwent fluorescence quenching only with ferric metal cations, demonstrating its ability to specifically detect Fe3+ions.
On Command Drug Delivery via Cell‐Conveyed Phototherapeutics
Authors: Marvin Christina M. , Ding Song , White Rachel E. , Orlova Natalia , Wang Qunzhao , Zywot Emilia M. , Vickerman Brianna M. , Harr Lauren , Tarrant Teresa K. , Dayton Paul A. , Lawrence David S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein, the use of red blood cells (RBCs) as carriers of cytoplasmically interned phototherapeutic agents is described. Photolysis promotes drug release from the RBC carrier thereby providing the means to target specific diseased sites. This strategy is realized with a vitamin B12‐taxane conjugate (B12‐TAX), in which the drug is linked to the vitamin via a photolabile CoC bond. The conjugate is introduced into mouse RBCs (mRBCs) via a pore‐forming/pore‐resealing procedure and is cytoplasmically retained due to the membrane impermeability of B12. Photolysis separates the taxane from the B12 cytoplasmic anchor, enabling the drug to exit the RBC carrier. A covalently appended Cy5 antenna sensitizes the conjugate (Cy5‐B12‐TAX) to far red light, thereby circumventing the intense light absorbing properties of hemoglobin (350–600 nm). Microscopy and imaging flow cytometry reveal that Cy5‐B12‐TAX‐loaded mRBCs act as drug carriers. Furthermore, intravital imaging of mice furnish a real time assessment of circulating phototherapeutic‐loaded mRBCs as well as evidence of the targeted photorelease of the taxane upon photolysis. Histopathology confirms that drug release occurs in a well resolved spatiotemporal fashion. Finally, acoustic angiography is employed to assess the consequences of taxane release at the tumor site in Nu/Nu‐tumor‐bearing mice.
Atomic Carbon Layers Supported Pt Nanoparticles for Minimized CO Poisoning and Maximized Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Bai Gailing , Liu Chang , Gao Zhe , Lu Baoying , Tong Xili , Guo Xiangyun , Yang Nianjun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMaximizing activity of Pt catalysts toward methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) together with minimized poisoning of adsorbed CO during MOR still remains a big challenge. In the present work, uniform and well‐distributed Pt nanoparticles (NPs) grown on an atomic carbon layer, that is in situ formed by means of dry‐etching of silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiC NPs) with CCl4 gas, are explored as potential catalysts for MOR. Significantly, as‐synthesized catalysts exhibit remarkably higher MOR catalytic activity (e.g., 647.63 mA mg−1 at a peak potential of 0.85 V vs RHE) and much improved anti‐CO poisoning ability than the commercial Pt/C catalysts, Pt/carbon nanotubes, and Pt/graphene catalysts. Moreover, the amount of expensive Pt is a few times lower than that of the commercial and reported catalyst systems. As confirmed from density functional theory (DFT) calculations and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements, such high performance is due to reduced adsorption energy of CO on the Pt NPs and an increased amount of adsorbed energy OH species that remove adsorbed CO fast and efficiently. Therefore, these catalysts can be utilized for the development of large‐scale and industry‐orientated direct methanol fuel cells.
Soil ionization effects on surge characteristics of grounding electrodes
Authors: Zhang Fan , Tanaka Hiroki , Baba Yoshihiro , Nagaoka Naoto 
Published: July 2019

For finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations, Ala et al. (2008) proposed a simplified engineering soil ionization model on the basis of the dynamic soil‐resistivity model of Liew and Darveniza (1974), and tested its validity against experiments on a 0.61‐m single vertical grounding conductor. In the model, the resistivity of each soil‐representing cell is controlled by the instantaneous value of the electric field there and time. In this article, to test the validity of this model, it was applied to FDTD simulations of the surge responses of different grounding electrodes: an 8.1‐m single horizontal grounding cylindrical electrode buried at a depth of 1 m in a homogeneous soil, and a 1.5‐m single vertical grounding cylindrical electrode in a homogeneous soil. The FDTD‐computed responses agree reasonably well with the corresponding ones measured by Sekioka et al. (1998) and Asaoka et al. (2005). Also, influences of ground‐surface soil ionization, direction‐dependent or direction‐independent resistivity, and three parameters (ionization constant, deionization constant, and critical electric field) of the model were investigated. Surface ionization has a non‐negligible influence only on a short grounding electrode buried in a relatively high‐resistivity soil. Direction‐dependent resistivity yields a little higher voltage and an acute ionization zone near the tip of electrode. Both ionization constant and critical electric field have significant effects: the voltage generated decreases with decreasing ionization constant and/or critical electric field. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The efficacy of talent management in international business: The case of European multinationals
Authors: Kabwe Chitalu , Okorie Chukwuneke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe focus of this study is on the efficacy of talent management (TM) practices to the performance and operations of international businesses. There are relatively limited dedicated studies on the value and effectiveness of TM as an identifiable international practice and its contribution to international business. Anecdotal research and consultants' reports have argued for an increase in the return on investment where TM practices are aligned with the business strategy. Conceptually, human capital theory is adopted to explain investment in high potentials in addition to the resource‐based view, which help explain the development of internal sources of competitive advantage, which are rare, inimitable, nonsubstitutable, and valuable. This article builds on knowledge by qualitatively examining managerial experiences of TM practices within 17 European internationally operating businesses with employees ranging from 800 to 200,000. An exploratory qualitative approach is adopted, with semistructured interviews as the main data collection tool. Findings accentuate the significance of developing the most valuable source of competitive advantage—people. We argue that, if TM is effectively implemented can result in the development of unique competences, which can ease the burdens of cross‐border business challenges and lead to sustainable competitive advantage.
Method evaluation, parameterization, and result validation in unsupervised data mining: A critical survey
Authors: Zimmermann Albrecht 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMachine Learning (ML) and Data Mining (DM) build tools intended to help users solve data‐related problems that are infeasible for “unaugmented” humans. Tools need manuals, however, and in the case of ML/DM methods, this means guidance with respect to which technique to choose, how to parameterize it, and how to interpret derived results to arrive at knowledge about the phenomena underlying the data. While such information is available in the literature, it has not yet been collected in one place. We survey three types of work for clustering and pattern mining: (1) comparisons of existing techniques, (2) evaluations of different parameterization options and studies providing guidance for setting parameter values, and (3) work comparing mining results with the ground truth. We find that although interesting results exist, as a whole the body of work on these questions is too limited. In addition, we survey recent studies in the field of community detection, as a contrasting example. We argue that an objective obstacle for performing needed studies is a lack of data and survey the state of available data, pointing out certain limitations. As a solution, we propose to augment existing data by artificially generated data, review the state‐of‐the‐art in data generation in unsupervised mining, and identify shortcomings. In more general terms, we call for the development of a true “Data Science” that—based on work in other domains, results in ML, and existing tools—develops needed data generators and builds up the knowledge needed to effectively employ unsupervised mining techniques.This article is categorized under:Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data MiningEnsemble Methods > Structure DiscoveryInternet > Society and CultureFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining
Training penguins to interact with enrichment devices for lasting effects
Authors: Fernandez Eduardo J. , Kinley Rickey C. , Timberlake William 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe modern zoo has brought about two major advances in the behavioral welfare of their exhibited animals: (a) The use of environmental enrichment to promote naturalistic behaviors and (b) the use of training to improve voluntary husbandry care. Whereas training itself has been talked about as an effective enrichment strategy, little has been done to combine training procedures with enrichment. Typically, enrichment is treated as a trial and error process, where potential enrichment items or procedures are cycled through until successful enrichment is found. The use of shaping or other training techniques has seldom been documented to increase engagement with possible enrichment items or procedures. The following study examined the possibility of combining training and enrichment to produce continued interactions with enrichment devices. Two species of penguin, Magellanic and southern rockhopper penguins, were studied. Two measures were taken: Time spent swimming and contact with enrichment devices. The enrichment devices could be manipulated by placing fish within and hanging out of each device. During baseline sessions, no hits to either device were observed. During training sessions, several hits were recorded when fish were in the devices and overall swimming time increased during these conditions. When baseline was reintroduced without fish in the devices, contact with the enrichment devices rapidly declined and swimming time for the rockhopper penguins decreased. When the devices were reintroduced with fish but without training, the greatest number of enrichment device contacts and the highest percentage of time spent swimming were observed for the rockhopper penguins.
Articulating Journalists’ Emotional Experiences of Crisis: Touching Down
Authors: Kotišová Johana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the chapter, the author illustrates and criticizes the ways in which the journalists’ emotional experience is shaped by the Foucauldian complex of the socio-material technologies of crisis news production, the work with words and images, the journalistic professional ideology and managerial practices, and, above all, journalists’ work on their selves, stimulating certain emotional reactions and suppressing others. Kotišová shows how the matrices of practical reason telling people how successful professionals should conduct themselves and operate their bodies, souls, and thoughts construct the forms of subjectivity that are most appropriate to the practice of crisis reporting. The fictional narrative revolves around James’ growing nervousness: he focuses more and more on his professional task and his experience becomes gradually determined by his job.
Creative Nonfiction and the Research Method
Authors: Kotišová Johana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe first part of the methodological chapter explains in detail how and why the style of writing bringing together empirical material and fiction, termed “creative nonfiction,” was employed, and illustrates its main functions: illustrative, allegorical, organizing, effective, and reflexive. The author also explains most of the metaphors used in the research monograph including the character of James, the fictional journalist, and argues that the book profits precisely from the intersections of the factual and fictional narratives. The second part of the chapter re-tells the ethnographic research process, following four stages: establishing the field, immersion in the research problem, disentanglement, and return to the field. Kotišová also addresses the epistemology and methodology of studying emotions, and the opportunistic, multi-sited, and participatory logic of the research design.
A Causal Power Semantics for Generic Sentences
Authors: van Rooij Robert , Schulz Katrin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany generic sentences express stable inductive generalizations. Stable inductive generalizations are typically true for a causal reason. In this paper we investigate to what extent this is also the case for the generalizations expressed by generic sentences. More in particular, we discuss the possibility that many generic sentences of the form ‘ks have featuree’ are true because (members of) kindkhave the causal power to ‘produce’ featuree. We will argue that such an analysis is quite close to a probabilistic based analysis of generic sentences according to which ‘relatively many’ks have featuree, and that, in fact, this latter type of analysis can be ‘grounded’ in terms of causal powers. We will argue, moreover, that the causal power analysis is sometimes preferred to a correlation-based analysis, because it takes the causal structure that gives rise to the probabilistic data into account.
A Case Series that Supports the Application of the S2AI Technique for Fractures and Failures after Lumbosacral Fusion
Authors: Weinreb Jeffrey H. , Iweala Uchechi , Matteini Lauren E. , Yu Warren D. , O'Brien Joseph R. 
Published: July 2019

Background Sacral fractures and failures are uncommon after lumbosacral fusion but have received increasing attention in the surgical literature. They can be difficult to diagnose, making timely treatment difficult. No consensus has been reached on the characteristics of these complications or on optimal treatment. Questions/Purposes The goal of this retrospective case series is to contribute additional cases of these uncommon complications of lumbosacral fusion to the surgical literature to help clinicians to anticipate, diagnose, characterize, manage, and treat sacral fractures and failures after lumbosacral fusion. Methods The medical records of five patients who experienced a sacral fracture or failure after lumbosacral fusion between January 2012 and November 2017 were identified and reviewed retrospectively. Records were reviewed for age, sex, clinical presentation, previous management, outpatient clinical records, imaging, and post-operative course. Results Four patients in the series experienced a sacral fracture and one experienced hardware failure. All patients presented with elevated pain and underwent revision surgery. Radiographic detection of the fracture or failure occurred at a mean of 11.2 weeks (range, 3 to 24 weeks) after initial surgery, and the mean age of patients was 68.2 years (range, 63 to 80 years). Of the five patients, four were female; two had been diagnosed with osteoporosis and two with osteopenia. In our case series, the S2–alar–iliac (S2AI) technique was used with success in all five cases. Conclusion Fractures and failures after lumbosacral fusion can be difficult to diagnose because of delayed presentation, nonspecific presenting symptoms, and a lack of identifiable mechanism. A high index of suspicion is required to detect these uncommon complications, and patients have responded well to both conservative and surgical treatments.
Added value of amyloid PET in individualized risk predictions for MCI patients
Authors: van Maurik Ingrid S. , van der Kall Laura M. , de Wilde Arno , Bouwman Femke H. , Scheltens Philip , van Berckel Bart N.M. , Berkhof Johannes , van der Flier Wiesje M. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionTo construct a prognostic model based on amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) to predict clinical progression in individual patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsWe included 411 MCI patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Prognostic models were constructed with Cox regression with demographics, magnetic resonance imaging, and/or amyloid PET to predict progression to Alzheimer's disease dementia. The models were validated in the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort.ResultsThe combined model (Harrell's C = 0.82 [0.78–0.86]) was significantly superior to demographics (β = 0.100, P < .001), magnetic resonance imaging (β = 0.037, P = .011), and PET only models (β = 0.053, P = .003).The models can be used to calculate individualized risk, for example, a female MCI patient (age = 60, APOE ε4 positive, Mini‐Mental State Examination = 25, hippocampal volume = 5.8 cm3, amyloid PET positive) has 35% (19–57) risk in one year and 85% (64–97) risk in three years. Model performances in the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort were reasonable.DiscussionThe present study facilitates the interpretation of an amyloid PET result in the context of a patient's own characteristics and clinical assessment.
Sexual Dysfunction in Menopausal Women
Authors: Dąbrowska-Galas Magdalena , Dąbrowska Jolanta , Michalski Bogdan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionHormone-related changes in menopause may negatively affect sexual function.AimThe primary aim of this study was to evaluate sexual functioning in Polish women with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The secondary aim was to evaluate the major factors affecting sexual functions in middle-aged Polish women.MethodsThe Menopause Rating Scale was used to assess the menopausal symptoms. The Polish translation of the FSFI was used to assess sexual function.Outcomes69.73% of respondents had sexual dysfunction according to FSFI (FSFI score ≤ 26.55).Results80.61% of women experienced menopausal symptoms during the 4-week period of study. Psychological and urogenital symptoms were the most frequently reported among all the women enrolled in the study (78.23% and 77.21%). Sexual problems were observed in women who did not use hormone therapy (β = 0.09, t = −1.97, P = .048) and showed no somatic symptoms (β = 0.03, t = 2.95, P = .002).Clinical ImplicationsIt is important for health care providers to ask women about this problem and understand the factors that may influence sexual problems in menopause.Strengths & LimitationsA validated survey tool was used. The limitation was selection of participants in the clinical setting and sample population size.ConclusionSexual problems were much more common in women who did not use hormone therapy and showed no somatic symptoms.
Should You Invest in an Old Bottle of Whisky or in a Bottle of Old Whisky? A Hedonic Analysis of Vintage Single Malt Scotch Whisky Prices
Authors: Moroz David , Pecchioli Bruno 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines the main determinants of differences in ask prices set by investors for single malt whiskies from Islay in Scotland using an original dataset collected from a web trading platform specializing in whisky investment. We find strong evidence that the vintage age (the number of years between the distillation date and the data collection date) positively affects investor asking prices. More precisely, given that the characteristics of whisky, unlike wine, do not change over time once bottled, we disentangle the vintage age effect by subdividing the vintage age into whisky age (the time spent in the cask) and bottle age (the time spent in the bottle). Our results show that whisky age has a more pronounced impact (8.9% per year on average) than bottle age (6.7%). Other findings include the significant influence of distillery reputation, with a moderating effect for independent bottling (i.e., not in-house by the distiller itself) and a positive impact for cask strength whiskies compared to diluted ones. (JEL Classifications: G11, L15, Q11)