bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planning Vascular Access in Peritoneal Dialysis—Defining High-Risk Patients
Authors: Ferreira Hugo , Nunes Ana , Oliveira Ana , Beco Ana , Santos Joana , Pestana Manuel 
Published: June 2018

Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective renal replacement technique. However, every year a considerable number of patients are transferred to hemodialysis (HD). Our aim was to identify those at risk, in order to place an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Methods Case-control study enrolling all prevalent patients in 2014 and 2015 in our clinic. Groups: 72 case patients who were transferred definitively to HD, 111 control patients (remaining on PD, transplanted, recovered renal function, or deceased). Results A total of 183 patients were eligible, with a mean age of 55.2 ± 14.8 years, 56.3% male, 31.1% diabetic, and 49.7% on continuous ambulatory PD. The mean follow-up time was 42.1 ± 25.6 months. Eighty-five patients had an AVF. The groups differed in diabetic nephropathy etiology, and in some PD-related characteristics (Kt/V, creatinine clearance, residual renal function, mean ultrafiltration, natriuretic peptide, peritonitis, hospitalizations, and hypervolemia). In multivariate analysis, Kt/V < 1.7 (odds ratio [OR] 3.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20 – 7.50], albumin < 35 g/L (OR 4.03, 95% CI: 1.26 – 12.92), number of hospitalizations 1 to 3 (OR 2.74, 95% CI: 1.15 – 6.53) and 4 or more (OR 10.48, 95% CI: 3.62 – 30.36), and 2 or more peritonitis episodes (OR 2.50, 95% CI: 1.03 – 6.07) were predictors of PD transfer to HD. In those patients who were transferred to HD, 34 initiated HD by AVF, 2 needed a catheter due to a non-functioning AVF, and 36 did not have an AVF needing catheter placement. Conclusions Low Kt/V, low albumin, higher number of hospitalizations, and peritonitis were factors associated with PD transfer to HD, probably indicative of a high-risk PD population where arteriovenous access should be weighed.
Temporal Trends and Factors Associated with Medication Prescription Patterns in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Campos Ludimila G. , Bragg-Gresham Jennifer , Han Yun , Moraes Thyago P. , Figueiredo Ana E. , Barretti Pasqual , Balkrishnan Rajesh , Saran Rajiv , Pecoits-Filho Roberto 
Published: June 2018

Introduction Patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) suffer from a high burden of comorbidities, which are managed with multiple medications. Determinants of prescription patterns are largely unknown in this population. This study assesses temporal changes and factors associated with medication prescription in a nationally representative population of patients on PD under the universal coverage healthcare system in Brazil. Methods Incident patients recruited in the Brazilian Peritoneal Dialysis Study (BRAZPD) from December 2004 to January 2011, stratified by prior hemodialysis (HD) treatment, were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between medication prescription and socioeconomic factors. Yearly prevalent cross-sections were calculated to estimate prescription over time. Results Medication prescription was in general higher among patients who had previously received HD, compared with those who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) directly on PD. Prescription increased from baseline to 6 months of PD therapy, particularly in those who did not previously receive HD. After accounting for patient characteristics, significant associations were found between socioeconomic factors, geographic region, and medication prescription patterns. Finally, the prescription of all cardioprotective and anemia medications and phosphate binders increased significantly over time. Conclusion In a PD population under universal coverage in a developing country, there was an increase in drug prescription during the first 6 months on PD, and a trend toward more liberal prescription of medications in later years. Independent from patient characteristics and comorbidities, socioeconomic factors influenced drug prescriptions that likely impact patient outcome, calling for public health action to decrease potential inequities in management of comorbidities in PD patients.
Peritoneal Dialysis in Adult Patients with Permanent Suprapubic Catheter: A Single-Center Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Al-Hwiesh Abdullah K. , Abdul-Rahman Ibrahiem Saeed , El-Din Mohammad Ahmed Nasr , Al-Hwiesh Amani , Alosail Aisha , El-Salamony Tamer , Al-Audah Nadia , Abdelrahman Abdalla , Al-Audah Nehad , Mansour Hani E. , Al-Otaibi Khalid 
Published: June 2018

Background The aim of this paper was to review the feasibility of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the presence of a permanent supra-pubic catheter over a long follow-up period. Methods Twelve patients with automated PD and permanent suprapubic catheters were studied for complications over a period of 10 years. Results In all 12 patients, PD went smoothly. Two of our patients required removal of the PD catheter due to peritonitis. The overall rate of exit-site infection throughout the study was 41.7/patient-month and the difference between patients 60 years or older and those 25 years or younger was not significant ( p = 0.3673). The overall peritonitis rate for all patients was 38.3 episode/patient-month, and none of the patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) had peritonitis. All patients with episodes of infection responded well to the proper antibiotics. Conclusions The available data supported the feasibility of PD in patients with permanent suprapubic catheters; however, a greater number of patients with a longer follow-up period need to be studied to support our results.
Detection of an Optical/UV Jet/Counterjet and Multiple Spectral Components in M84
Authors: Meyer Eileen T. , Petropoulou Maria , Georganopoulos Markos , Chiaberge Marco , Breiding Peter , Sparks William B. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We report an optical/UV jet and counterjet in M84, previously unreported in archival Hubble Space Telescope imaging. With archival VLA, ALMA, and Chandra imaging, we examine the first well-sampled spectral energy distribution of the inner jet of M84, where we find that multiple co-spatial spectral components are required. In particular, the ALMA data reveal that the radio spectrum of all four knots in the jet turns over at approximately 100 GHz, which requires a second component for the bright optical/UV emission. Further, the optical/UV has a soft spectrum and is inconsistent with the relatively flat X-ray spectrum, which indicates a third component at higher energies. Using archival VLA imaging, we have measured the proper motion of the innermost knots at 0.9 ± 0.6 and 1.1 ± 0.4c, which when combined with the low jet-to-counterjet flux ratio yields an orientation angle for the system of

°. In the radio, we find high fractional polarization of the inner jet of up to 30% while in the optical no polarization is detected (<8%). We investigate different scenarios for explaining the particular multicomponent spectral energy distribution (SED) of the knots. Inverse Compton models are ruled out due to the extreme departure from equipartition and the unrealistically high total jet power required. The multicomponent SED can be naturally explained within a leptohadronic scenario, but at the cost of very high power in relativistic protons. A two-component synchrotron model remains a viable explanation, but more theoretical work is needed to explain the origin and properties of the electron populations.
The Next Generation Fornax Survey (NGFS). IV. Mass and Age Bimodality of Nuclear Clusters in the Fornax Core Region
Authors: Ordenes-Briceño Yasna , Puzia Thomas H. , Eigenthaler Paul , Taylor Matthew A. , Muñoz Roberto P. , Zhang Hongxin , Alamo-Martínez Karla , Ribbeck Karen X. , Grebel Eva K. , Ángel Simón , Côté Patrick , Ferrarese Laura , Hilker Michael , Lançon Ariane , Mieske Steffen , Miller Bryan W. , Rong Yu , Sánchez-Janssen Ruben 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present the analysis of 61 nucleated dwarf galaxies in the central regions (≲R
vir/4) of the Fornax galaxy cluster. The galaxies and their nuclei are studied as part of the Next Generation Fornax Survey using optical imaging obtained with the Dark Energy Camera mounted at Blanco/Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory and near-infrared data obtained with VIRCam at VISTA/ESO. We decompose the nucleated dwarfs in nucleus and spheroid, after subtracting the surface brightness profile of the spheroid component and studying the nucleus using point source photometry. In general, nuclei are consistent with colors of confirmed metal-poor globular clusters, but with significantly smaller dispersion than other confirmed compact stellar systems in Fornax. We find a bimodal nucleus mass distribution with peaks located at

and ∼6.3. These two nucleus subpopulations have different stellar population properties: the more massive nuclei are older than ∼2 Gyr and have metal-poor stellar populations (Z ≤ 0.02 Z
⊙), while the less massive nuclei are younger than ∼2 Gyr with metallicities in the range 0.02 < Z/Z
⊙ ≤ 1. We find that the nucleus mass (

) versus galaxy mass (

) relation becomes shallower for less massive galaxies starting around 108
M
⊙, and the mass ratio

shows a clear anticorrelation with

for the lowest masses, reaching 10%. We test current theoretical models of nuclear cluster formation and find that they cannot fully reproduce the observed trends. A likely mixture of in situ star formation and star cluster mergers seems to be acting during nucleus growth over cosmic time.
Spectropolarimetric Inversions of the Ca ii 8542 Å Line in an M-class Solar Flare
Authors: Kuridze D. , Henriques V. M. J. , Mathioudakis M. , van der Voort L. Rouppe , Cruz Rodríguez J. de la , Carlsson M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We study the M1.9-class solar flare SOL2015-09-27T10:40 UT using high-resolution full Stokes imaging spectropolarimetry of the Ca ii 8542 Å line obtained with the CRISP imaging spectropolarimeter at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope. Spectropolarimetric inversions using the non-LTE code NICOLE are used to construct semiempirical models of the flaring atmosphere to investigate the structure and evolution of the flare temperature and magnetic field. A comparison of the temperature stratification in flaring and nonflaring areas reveals strong heating of the flare ribbon during the flare peak. The polarization signals of the ribbon in the chromosphere during the flare maximum become stronger when compared to its surroundings and to pre- and post-flare profiles. Furthermore, a comparison of the response functions to perturbations in the line-of-sight magnetic field and temperature in flaring and nonflaring atmospheres shows that during the flare, the Ca ii 8542 Å line is more sensitive to the lower atmosphere where the magnetic field is expected to be stronger. The chromospheric magnetic field was also determined with the weak-field approximation, which led to results similar to those obtained with the NICOLE inversions.
Effects of Shock and Turbulence Properties on Electron Acceleration
Authors: Qin G. , Kong F.-J. , Zhang L.-H. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Using test particle simulations, we study electron acceleration at collisionless shocks with a two-component model turbulent magnetic field with slab component including dissipation range. We investigate the importance of the shock-normal angle θ
Bn, magnetic turbulence level

, and shock thickness on the acceleration efficiency of electrons. It is shown that at perpendicular shocks the electron acceleration efficiency is enhanced with the decrease of

, and at

the acceleration becomes significant due to a strong drift electric field with long time particles staying near the shock front for shock drift acceleration (SDA). In addition, at parallel shocks the electron acceleration efficiency is increasing with the increase of

, and at

the acceleration is very strong due to sufficient pitch-angle scattering for first-order Fermi acceleration, as well as due to the large local component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the shock-normal angle for SDA. On the other hand, the high perpendicular shock acceleration with

is stronger than the high parallel shock acceleration with

, the reason might be the assumption that SDA is more efficient than first-order Fermi acceleration. Furthermore, for oblique shocks, the acceleration efficiency is small no matter whether the turbulence level is low or high. Moreover, for the effect of shock thickness on electron acceleration at perpendicular shocks, we show that there exists the bendover thickness, L
diff,b. The acceleration efficiency does not noticeably change if the shock thickness is much smaller than L
diff,b. However, if the shock thickness is much larger than L
diff,b, the acceleration efficiency starts to drop abruptly.
Magnetic Field Saturation of the Ion Weibel Instability in Interpenetrating Relativistic Plasmas
Authors: Takamoto Makoto , Matsumoto Yosuke , Kato Tsunehiko N. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The time evolution and saturation of the Weibel instability at the ion Alfvén current are presented by ab initio particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. We found that the ion Weibel current in three-dimensional (3D) simulations could evolve into the Alfvén current where the magnetic field energy is sustained at 1.5% of the initial beam kinetic energy. The current filaments are no longer isolated at saturation, but rather connected to each other to form a network structure. Electrons are continuously heated during the coalescence of the filaments, which is crucial for obtaining sustained magnetic fields with much stronger levels than with two-dimensional (2D) simulations. The results highlight again the importance of the Weibel instability in generating magnetic fields in laboratory, astrophysical, and cosmological situations.
Fondations liquides
Authors: Cooper Melinda , De Roo Priscilla 
Published: June 2018

Cet article cherche à comprendre ce qui arrive lorsque les investis – ceux qui ont contracté une dette immobilière ou un crédit – se désinvestissent du contrat déontologique implicite de l’endettement. Que se passe-t-il lorsque ceux qui ont emprunté pour consommer choisissent le défaut de paiement comme une stratégie plus rentable que le remboursement ? Lorsque des incertitudes liées aux contrats ou aux titres de propriété conduisent à des transgressions massives d’attentes de re-paiement ? Lorsque ceux qui sont chargés d’une dette étudiante préfèrent disparaître et se cacher plutôt que faire face à leurs obligations irrémissibles ? Voilà quelques-unes des stratégies auxquelles ont eu recours, en masse, des investis au lendemain de la crise financière de 2008. Cet article tente de montrer que la vision dominante des marchés financiers, une vision monologique, doit être remplacée par une compréhension dialogique des relations entre investisseurs et investis, au sein de laquelle le consensus ne peut plus être traité comme acquis.
La logique sociale de la dérivation financière
Authors: Martin Randy , Citton Yves 
Published: June 2018

Cet article propose quelques extraits du livre Knowledge LTD , publié de façon posthume après la disparition précoce de l’auteur. Il ne présente pas les produits dérivés de la finance comme de simples contrats financiers destinés à spéculer sur le prix des risques, mais il montre comment la dérivation financière reconfigure les fondements des échanges économiques, au point de menacer l’unité même de ce que nous appelons encore, de façon désormais obsolète, « l’économie ». Il esquisse de ce fait un réagencement plus large de ce qui constituait autrefois les sphères séparées de l’économie, de la politique et de la culture. Il nous aide ainsi à comprendre la signification sociale des logiques de dérivation financière.
L’avenir de la crypto-finance
Authors: De Roo Priscilla 
Published: June 2018

Le pouvoir de la finance ne se limite pas à lever des fonds ou gagner de l’argent. Il constitue aussi une invitation à risquer et à spéculer collectivement pour ouvrir de nouvelles possibilités d’agencement collectif. Pour la majorité d’entre nous, la finance est une pratique prédatrice et extractive, qui prend plus qu’elle ne donne. Mais qu’en serait-il d’une finance fondée sur une logique non pas de la capture et de la prise, mais de l’offre et du don ? Un geste rituel d’offrande – la création d’un intervalle de temps selon la forme dérivée du don – qui initie de nouveaux espaces économiques ?
La question démocratique
Authors: Ogien Albert 
Published: June 2018

Si le système de gouvernement représentatif a perdu une grande part de sa légitimité, c’est que les personnes qui font l’expérience des manières ordinaires d’exercer les droits et devoirs attachés à leur statut de citoyen ont développé une conception du politique qui leur permet de porter des jugements sur l’action des pouvoirs publics, de contester la façon dont ceux-ci assurent le bien commun, et de revendiquer de nouveaux droits. Au lieu de considérer la disparition du consentement aveugle des gouvernés comme une preuve d’infantilisme ou d’irrationalité, il faut y voir l’extension de la vigilance des citoyen.ne.s à l’égard de ceux et celles qui les représentent. Cette vigilance tient sa légitimité de l’idée de démocratie comme forme de vie. La question démocratique, telle qu’elle se pose aujourd’hui, est celle de la reconnaissance de la capacité politique pleine et entière des citoyen.ne.s, à laquelle la pensée de l’antidémocratie s’oppose de façon obstinée. C’est à cette pensée qu’il faut donc renoncer.
Faire advenir des vies possibles
Authors: Bisson Frédéric 
Published: June 2018

Toute vie, aussi pauvre et vulnérable soit-elle, est inséparable de l’invention de formes-de-vie. Les formes-de-vie sont des objets ambigus. D’une part, leur mode d’existence est à la fois le possible et l’actuel, le commun et le singulier. D’autre part, l’ambiguïté des formes-de-vie est politique. Le possible en lui-même est un potentiel de liberté, mais il est aussi l’instrument d’un nouveau régime de pouvoir, que cet article caractérise comme un « dynato-pouvoir », algorithmique et digital. Le mouvement #MeToo sert ici de cas d’espèce pour penser l’ambiguïté du possible. L’invention de la « vie extime » exige de prolonger l’histoire politique de la vérité écrite par Foucault.
Nurse Practitioners and Interdisciplinary Teams in Pediatric Critical Care
Authors: Gigli Kristin H. , Dietrich Mary S. , Buerhaus Peter I. , Minnick Ann F. 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
To describe the members of pediatric intensive care unit interdisciplinary provider teams and labor inputs, working conditions, and clinical practice of pediatric intensive care unit nurse practitioners.

Methods:
A national, quantitative, crosssectional, descriptive postal survey of pediatric intensive care unit medical directors and nurse practitioners was administered to gather information about provider-team members, pediatric intensive care unit nurse practitioner labor inputs, working conditions, and clinical practice. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and χ2 tests were used.

Results:
Responses from 97 pediatric intensive care unit medical directors and 59 pediatric intensive care unit nurse practitioners representing 126 institutions were received. Provider-team composition varied between institutions with and without nurse practitioners. Pediatric intensive care units employed an average of 3 full-time nurse practitioners; the average nurse practitioner-to-patient ratio was 1 to 5. The clinical practice reported by medical directors was consistent with practice reported by nurse practitioners.

Conclusion:
Nurse practitioners are integrated into interdisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit teams, but institutional variation in team composition exists. Investigating models of care contributes to the understanding of how models influence positive patient and organizational outcomes and may change future role implementation.
Cutting Edge: Evidence for Nonvascular Route of Visceral Organ Immunosurveillance by T Cells
Authors: Steinert Elizabeth M. , Thompson Emily A. , Beura Lalit K. , Adam Omar A. , Mitchell Jason S. , Guo Mengdi , Breed Elise R. , Sjaastad Frances V. , Vezys Vaiva , Masopust David 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Lymphocytes enter tissues from blood vessels through a well-characterized three-step process of extravasation. To our knowledge, nonvascular routes of lymphocyte entry have not been described. In this article, we report that Ag-experienced CD8 T cells in mice recirculate from blood through the peritoneal cavity. In the event of infection, Ag-experienced CD8 T cell subsets adhered to visceral organs, indicating potential transcapsular immunosurveillance. Focusing on the male genital tract (MGT), we observed Ag-experienced CD8 T cell migration from the peritoneal cavity directly to the infected MGT across the capsule, which was dependent on the extracellular matrix receptor CD44. We also observed that, following clearance of infection, the MGT retained functional resident memory CD8 T cells. These data suggest that recirculation through body cavities may provide T cells with opportunities for broad immunosurveillance and potential nonvascular mechanisms of entry.
The equational theory of the weak Bruhat order on finite symmetric groups
Authors: Santocanale Luigi , Wehrung Friedrich 
Published: June 2018

It is well known that the weak Bruhat order on the symmetric group on a finite number n of letters is a lattice, denoted by

\mathsf{P}(n)

and often called the

permutohedron on

n

letters

, of which the
Tamari lattice

\mathsf{A}(n)

is a lattice retract. The
equational theory
(or
word problem
) of a class of lattices is the set of all lattice identities satisfied by all members of that class. Our main results imply, as particular cases, the following.

Theorem I. The equational theories of all

\mathsf{P}(n)

and of all

\mathsf{A}(n)

are both decidable.

Theorem I. There exists a lattice identity that holds in all

\mathsf{P}(n)

, but fails in a certain 3,338-element lattice.

Theorem III. The equational theory of all extended permutohedra, on arbitrary (possibly infinite) posets, is trivial.
The proofs of Theorems I and II involve reductions of algebraic statements to certain tiling properties of finite chains.