bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsible entrepreneurship: outlining the contingencies
Authors: Vallaster Christine , Kraus Sascha , Kailer Norbert , Baldwin Brooke 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to give an up-to-date assessment of key topics and methods discussed in the current literature on responsible entrepreneurship. In the past years, sustainable development itself has become a more popular and important topic in the academic literature and hence the field of sustainable entrepreneurship has become a greater topic of interest and opportunity for solution. Therefore, a systematic literature review is conducted to assess new contributions to the field and its potential for the future of sustainable development, with a focus on responsible innovation.Design/methodology/approachSystematic, evidence-informed literature review following Tranfieldet al.(2003).FindingsBased on a conceptual literature review, five streams of research that responsible entrepreneurs distinguish from purely for-profit entrepreneurs are identified and discussed: walking the line between profit creation and value creation for society; business models of responsible entrepreneurs; their role in transforming society; getting ready to innovate responsibly; and the role of market incentives to foster sustainable business practices.Originality/valueThe structured literature review allows to identify future research paths. In detail, ideas as regards the management of upcoming tensions when trying to combine profit creation and value creation for society, and finally, the way innovation processes need to be rethought when innovating responsibly are discussed and outlined.
What’s the fuss? Gender and academic leadership
Authors: Wong Anne , McKey Colleen , Baxter Pamela 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Women continue to be disproportionately represented in top leadership positions. Leadership development programs typically focus on skills attainment. The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions and experiences of academic leaders in order to inform how leadership development programs may more effectively address the gender gap in leadership.

Design/methodology/approach
A sequential mixed methods study design was used. Participants completed the Leadership Practice Inventory ®(LPI) survey followed by individual interviews of a subset of participants. The survey results were analyzed and compared by gender using the t-test. Thematic analysis was used to compare themes across and between genders. Quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated in the final analysis.

Findings
In total, 65 leaders (38 women; 27 men) (37.7 percent response rate) participated in the survey. There were no significant demographic or statistical differences between women and men on any of the LPI® components. Five women and five men were interviewed. Thematic analysis revealed common leadership aspirations and values. Gender differences were noted in leadership attainment, mentorship and the influence of gender on leadership. While the male narratives reflected cognitive awareness of gender inequities, the female narratives also included lived experiences. Male participants focused on the importance of meritocracy whereas the female participants emphasized the gendered social and structural influences on leadership attainment.

Practical implications
Leadership development programs need go beyond generic “skills-building” in order to conceptualize leadership within a gendered social context. This framework will enable critical awareness and tools for developing both women and men’s fullest leadership potential.

Originality/value
This study was conducted in order to better understand how academic health leaders experience the intersection of gender and leadership. The findings contribute to the current literature by providing insight into perceptual gaps that exist at the level of practice between women and men leaders. In doing so, the authors discuss how leadership development programs may play a more effective role in addressing gender equity in leadership.
Darzi Clinical Leadership Fellows: an activity theory perspective
Authors: Malby Rebecca , Mervyn Kieran , Boyle Terry J. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the impact of the clinical leadership programme, in enabling the Darzi fellows to lead change projects in health and care services, and to secure quality healthcare in the NHS beyond the lifetime of the programme.

Design/methodology/approach
A longitudinal empirical investigation of clinical leaders (n=80) over an eight-year period was framed through an activity theory (AT)-driven research methodology using a mixed-methods approach.

Findings
AT illuminated how change was sustained in the NHS in London through the Darzi Clinical Leadership Fellowship. By any reasonable measurement, this programme excels, with learning and positive behavioural change sustained after the Fellowship across the NHS. Further recognition is needed of the continuing development needs of fellows as they take on more responsible leadership roles in their careers.

Research limitations/implications
Darzi fellows are a hard-to-reach group. The sample represents a response rate of 34 per cent. In total, 77 per cent of respondents emanated from cohorts 5 to 8 programmes.

Practical implications
The investment in a clinical leadership programme focused on systems leadership for quality generates value for the NHS.

Social implications
Countless interventions flowed through London’s healthcare community and beyond as a result of the Fellowship. This research exposed how Darzi fellows continue to lead innovation for alternative healthcare outcomes. Many proactive fellows employ a suite of learned skills and capabilities to lead systemic change.

Originality/value
This research is the first known longitudinal clinical leadership development study undertaken. The Darzi programme has created a unique clinical network of mutually supportive, team-centric systems thinkers and doers, with an evidence-based approach to systems change. Many fellows are catalysing sustainable change in the healthcare environment.
Wellbeing and coping strategies of alcohol and other drug therapeutic community workers: a qualitative study
Authors: Butler Mark , Savic Michael , Best David William , Manning Victoria , Mills Katherine L. , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the strategies utilised to facilitate the wellbeing of workers of an alcohol and other drug (AOD) therapeutic community (TC)

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reports on the findings of a qualitative study that involved in-depth interviews with 11 workers from an Australian AOD TC organisation that provides both a residential TC program and an outreach program. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis

Findings
Three main interconnected themes emerged through analysis of the data: the challenges of working in an AOD TC organisation, including vicarious trauma, the isolation and safety of outreach workers and a lack of connection between teams; individual strategies for coping and facilitating wellbeing, such as family, friend and partner support and self-care practices; organisational facilitators of worker wellbeing, including staff supervision, employment conditions and the ability to communicate openly about stress. The analysis also revealed cross-cutting themes including the unique challenges and wellbeing support needs of outreach and lived experience workers.

Research limitations/implications
Rather than just preventing burnout, AOD TC organisations can also play a role in facilitating worker wellbeing.

Practical implications
This paper discusses a number of practical suggestions and indicates that additional strategies targeted at “at risk” teams or groups of workers may be needed alongside organisation-wide strategies.

Originality/value
This paper provides a novel and in-depth analysis of strategies to facilitate TC worker wellbeing and has implications for TC staff, managers and researchers.
Traits associated with treatment retention in a therapeutic community for substance dependence
Authors: Lyvers Michael , Jones Valli , Edwards Mark , Wood Kim , Thorberg Fred Arne 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The treatment of severe and chronic substance dependence is challenged by high rates of treatment attrition, highlighting the need to identify factors that hinder treatment retention. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study examined certain neurocognitive and personality traits in relation to treatment retention in a sample of 46 residents of an Australian therapeutic community (TC). The traits examined were previously found to be associated with problematic substance use in non-clinical samples and were also previously shown to differentiate TC clients from social drinkers. The hypothesis was thus that traits that appear to be risk factors for addictions are also likely to impact on TC treatment retention.

Findings
Group comparisons of those retained for more than the recommended 90 days vs those who left treatment prematurely showed that after controlling for the influence of depression, those who left treatment prematurely reported significantly higher levels of trait impulsivity, punishment sensitivity and executive cognitive dysfunction. There was a very high rate of alexithymia in the sample (52 per cent), but alexithymia was unrelated to retention.

Research limitations/implications
The final sample size was less than planned but reflected the strict participation criteria and temporal limitations of this study. No statistical assumptions were violated and the reliability indices of the scales completed by clients ranged from acceptable to excellent. Another limitation was that dropout cannot be assumed to mean relapse, as the reasons for client dropout were not available.

Originality/value
Findings highlight the important roles of trait factors in TC treatment retention in addition to the motivational and interpersonal factors identified in previous work.
Omega‐3 fatty acids in coronary heart disease: Recent updates and future perspectives
Authors: Ajith Thekkuttuparambil A. , Jayakumar Thankamani G. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIncidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) increases worldwide with varying etiological factors. In addition to the control of risk factors, dietary modification has been recommended to reduce the prevalence. Omega‐3 (ω‐3) fatty acids (FAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), of fish oil are beneficial for the prevention of CHD. The effect can be ascribed to anti‐inflammatory, vasodilating, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive activities and lowering of triacyl glycerol level. The American Heart Association advises two fish meals per week in subjects without CHD or supplementation of 1 g of EPA plus DHA per day in subjects with CHD. Despite the beneficial effects of EPA/DHA reported in some of the clinical trials, results of many others were inconsistent that can be ascribed to short duration of studies, low doses of ω‐3 FAs, variations in the EPA:DHA ratio, selection of patients with different risk factors or interaction of ω‐3 FAs with drugs used in the therapy. Therefore, well designed clinical trials in various populations are warranted. This article discusses the current situation and future prospective of ω‐3 FAs in CHD.
Transport of ACE Inhibitory Peptides Ile‐Gln‐Pro and Val‐Glu‐Pro Derived from Spirulina platensis Across Caco‐2 Monolayers
Authors: He Yuan‐Yuan , Li Tao‐Tao , Chen Jia‐Xin , She Xing‐Xing , Ren Di‐Feng , Lu Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study evaluated transepithelial transport mechanisms of Ile‐Gln‐Pro (IQP) and Val‐Glu‐Pro (VEP), two ACE‐inhibitory peptides derived from Spirulina platensis, using human intestinal Caco‐2 cell monolayers. IQP and VEP were absorbed intact through Caco‐2 cell monolayers with Papp values of 7.48 ± 0.58 × 10−6 and 5.05 ± 0.74 × 10−6 cm/s, respectively. The transport of IQP and VEP were affected neither by Gly‐Pro nor by wortmannin, indicating that they were not PepT1‐mediated and did not involve endocytosis. However, transport of IQP and VEP were increased significantly by sodium deoxycholate, suggesting that the major transport mechanism was paracellular. In addition, the increased transport of VEP and IQP were followed with the addition of sodium azide, suggesting influence of energy to the process. The transport of VEP was also increased by verapamil, indicating an apical‐to‐basolateral flux mediated by P‐gp.Practical ApplicationBioactive peptides derived from food proteins have been considered as potentially ideal products to reduce hypertension because of their safety and positive impacts on health. IQP and VEP are the 2 ACE inhibitory peptides derived from Spirulina platensis, a kind of edible cyanobacteria with rich nutrition and multiple physiological functions, and were demonstrated to inhibit ACE and lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, it is prerequisite that such bioactive peptides must be absorbed intact across the intestinal epithelium, so as to exert antihypertensive effects in vivo. This study evaluated transepithelial transport mechanisms of IQP and VEP. It contributes to the study of Spirulina in lowering blood pressure and supports the development of bioactive peptide products.
Mandibular canines with additional roots: An ex vivo study of the external and internal morphology
Authors: Beltes Panagiotis , Kantilieraki Eleni , Kalaitzoglou Maria‐Elpida , Beltes Charalampos , Angelopoulos Christos 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the root and root canal morphologies of mandibular canines with additional roots using cone‐beam computed tomography. Seventy‐seven extracted two‐rooted and one‐three‐rooted permanent human mandibular canines were selected. Aspects of the external morphology evaluated were crown length, root length, total length, root bifurcation distance from the cementoenamel junction, root size, and direction of the root curvature in the apical third. Features of internal morphology assessed were root canal number per root, root canal bifurcation distance from the cementoenamel junction, and the angle between the buccal or lingual canal and the main canal. The root size and length presented considerable diversity. Most of the roots bifurcated at the middle third and exhibited a buccal curvature. The main root canal bifurcated coronally in two root canals, a buccal and a lingual. The majority of the buccal and lingual root canal angles were blunt. The presence of a third root in a specimen was a novel finding of this study.
Population structure, genetic diversity and selection signatures within seven indigenous Pakistani goat populations
Authors: Kumar C. , Song S. , Dewani P. , Kumar M. , Parkash O. , Ma Y. , Malhi K. K. , Yang N. , Mwacharo J. M. , He X. , Jiang L. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryGoat farming in Pakistan depends on indigenous breeds that have adapted to specific agro‐ecological conditions. Pakistan has a rich resource of goat breeds, and the genetic diversity of these goat breeds is largely unknown. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure were characterized from seven indigenous goat breeds using the goat 50K SNP chip. The genetic diversity analysis showed that Bugi toori goats have the highest inbreeding level, consistent with the highest linkage disequilibrium, lowest diversity and long run of heterozygosity segments. This indicates that this breed should be prioritized in future conservation activities. The population structure analysis revealed four fairly distinct clusters (including Bugi toori, Bari, Black Tapri and some Kamori) and three other breeds that are seemingly the results of admixture between these or related groups (some Kamori, Pateri, Tapri and White Tapri). The selection signatures were evaluated in each breed. A total of 2508 putative selection signals were reported. The 26 significant windows were identified in more than four breeds, and selection signatures spanned several genes that directly or indirectly influence traits included coat colour variation (KIT), reproduction (BMPR1B, GNRHR, INSL6, JAK2 and EGR4), body size (SOCS2), ear size (MSRB3) and milk composition (ABCG2, SPP1, CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3 and PROLACTIN).
Somatic innervation contributes to the release of bulbourethral gland secretion in male rats
Authors: Palacios J. L. , Arellano J. , Lucio R. A. , Hernández M. E. , Manzo J. , Tlachi J. L. , Cruz Y. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn male rats, the bulbourethral glands (Bu‐Gs) are the unique accessory sexual glands surrounded by striated musculature. However, until now the role of this musculature was unknown.Objectives(i) To characterize the Bu‐Gs striated muscular layer in male rats and determine its innervation and response to genital stimulation. (ii) To reveal the role of the Bu‐Gs striated musculature in the release of glandular secretion. (iii) To elucidate the effect of bilateral ablation of the Bu‐Gs on copulatory behavior and seminal fluid characteristics.Materials and methodsAdult Wistar male rats were allocated in three experiments: in Experiment 1, the Bu‐Gs striated musculature, innervation and reflex activity were determined by gross anatomy and histological and electrophysiological techniques; electromyographic activity of the Bu‐Gs striated musculature was evoked with genital stimulation. In Experiment 2, Bu‐Gs were analyzed after copulatory behavior of intact or animals with unilateral transected motor branch of the sacral plexus (MBSP). In Experiment 3, copulatory behavior and spermatobioscopy of males with bilateral ablation of the Bu‐Gs or sham surgery were analyzed.ResultsThe Bu‐Gs striated fibers discharged in response to mechanostimulation of the prepuce, glans, and penile‐urethra. Innervation of the Bu‐Gs striated musculature originated from the MBSP; this nerve also innervates striated penile muscles. Unilateral transection of the MBSP significantly decreased the secretion from the ipsilateral Bu‐G to the nerve transection. Bilateral ablation of Bu‐Gs did not affect seminal plug formation but decreased semen viscosity.Discussion and conclusionThe Bu‐Gs striated musculature contributes to expel glandular secretion during sexual intercourse. The somatic control of Bu‐Gs secretion is additional to the reported autonomic innervation supplied by the cavernosus nerve, which may underlie the synthesis of secretion as well as contraction of Bu‐Gs smooth muscle.
Skin Autofluorescence, a Measure of Cumulative Metabolic Stress and Advanced Glycation End Products, Decreases During the Summer in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Ramsauer Bernd , Graaff Reindert , Sikole Aleksandar , Trajceska Lada , Lundström Sara , Arsov Stefan , Hadimeri Henrik , Stegmayr Bernd 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTissue advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a measure of cumulative metabolic and oxidative stress and cytokine‐driven inflammatory reactions. AGEs are thought to contribute to the cardiovascular complications of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Skin autofluorescence (SAF) is related to the tissue accumulation of AGEs and rises with age. SAF is one of the strongest prognostic markers of mortality in these patients. The content of AGEs is high in barbecue food. Due to the location in northern Sweden, there is a short intense barbecue season between June and August. The aim of this study was to investigate if seasonal variations in SAF exist in HD patients, especially during the barbecue season. SAF was measured noninvasively with an AGE Reader in 34 HD‐patients (15 of those with diabetes mellitus, DM). Each time the median of three measures were used. Skin‐AF was measured before and after each one HD at the end of February and May in 31 patients (22 men/9 women); the end of May and August in 28 (20 m/8 w); the end of August and March in 25 (19 m/6 w). Paired statistical analyses were performed during all four periods (n = 23, 17 m/6 w); as was HbA1c of those with DM. There was at a median 5.6% increase in skin‐AF during the winter period (February–May, P = 0.004) and a 10.6% decrease in the skin‐AF during the summer (May–August, P < 0.001). HbA1c in the DM rose during the summer (P = 0.013). In conclusion, skin‐AF decreased significantly during the summer. Future studies should look for favorable factors that prevent skin‐AF and subsequently cardiovascular diseases.
Reproductive activity in males of Sceloporus variabilis: Little time to rest, long time to breed
Authors: Peña‐Herrera Eric , Villagrán‐SantaCruz Maricela , Hernández‐Gallegos Oswaldo , Rheubert Justin L. , Gribbins Kevin M. , Granados‐González Gisela 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe reproductive activity of reptiles is typically assessed using monthly sampling. The spermatogenic cycle of Sceloporus variabilis was recently assessed using the aforementioned methodology, and only two spermatogenic phases (recrudescence and maximum activity) were observed. The authors hypothesized that quiescence and regression must occur in a short period (less than a month), which was not visualized by their monthly sampling methods. Thus, the entire spermatogenic cycle displayed by this species may have not been adequately represented. The present study assessed the spermatogenic cycle of S. variabilis in those months where the spermatogenic activity passes from maximum activity (July) to recrudescence (August) using weekly sampling to test the hypothesis that quiescence and regression do indeed occur. The results showed a regression period for 2 weeks, whereas quiescence was not observed. These results lead us to two hypotheses: (a) quiescence occurs in a very short period (days/hours) or (b) does not occur in this species. The data generated in this study suggest that species exhibiting rapid changes in spermatogenic activity need to be assessed at more frequent intervals to accurately depict the spermatogenic stages.
Safety of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in the US vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS), 2009–2017
Authors: Suragh Tiffany A. , Lewis Paige , Arana Jorge , Mba‐Jonas Adamma , Li Rongxia , Stewart Brock , Shimabukuro Tom T. , Cano Maria 
Published: September 2018

AimsHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines prevent infection with oncogenic virus types. We analysed reports to the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) of adverse events (AE) following bivalent HPV vaccine (2vHPV).MethodsWe conducted descriptive analysis of 2vHPV reports, reviewed individual reports, calculated crude AE reporting rates and conducted empirical Bayesian data mining.ResultsOf 241 2vHPV reports, 158 were in females, 64 in males (2vHPV is approved for females only) and 19 with unknown sex; 95.8% were classified as nonserious. Dizziness, headache, nausea and injection site reactions were the most common symptoms. Crude AE reporting rates were 33.3 reports per 100 000 doses distributed overall, and 1.4 per 100 000 for serious reports. Empirical Bayesian data mining identified disproportional reporting for three types of medical errors; assessment indicated findings that were probably driven by inadvertent 2vHPV use in males.ConclusionsWe did not identify any new or unexpected safety concerns in our review of 2vHPV reports to VAERS.