bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Origins of the Plitvice Lakes (Croatia)
Authors: Markowska Joanna 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The question of the origin of the Plitvice Lakes, situated in the Dynarics Mountains, in central Croatia is still unexplained. Not so many place in a literature is dedicated to this issue. It is said that the Plitvice Lakes are of tectonic or karst origin. In the article the complicated origin of the lakes is shown. To define their origin the author proposes the term “tectonic – barriered”. As a result of tectonical movements which occured on the researched area, many tectonic faults were formed. At the bottom of the lakes barriers of sedra – rock of biogenic origin started to grow. The process of sedra creating has been lasting till today and as a result a very complicated, permanently transformed lakes system has formed. At present, below the lowest located lake of the Plitvice Lakes new lakes appear, which demonstrate about existing and growing submarine barriers.
The Climatic Background of Agricultural Production in Poland (1951 – 2000)
Authors: Żmudzka Elwira 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article presents the results of studies conducted on the variability of thermal and precipitation conditions in Poland in the second half of the 20th century, especially taking into consideration periods which were unfavorable for agricultural production. Averaged spatial temperatures and precipitation totals from consecutive years 1951 to 2000 were used. A significant increase in spring temperatures was noted, while the winters also became warmer. This had a significant effect upon the change of the thermal vegetation period’s duration. No changing trends were noted with regard to the amount of precipitation.The analysis of the seasonal structure during the anomalous years, with regard to temperature and the amount of precipitation, made it possible to pinpoint years particularly unfavorable for agricultural production. There was a certain repeatability of unfavorable conditions, tied to the existence of a relatively stable 8-year cycle of temperature change, which was especially noticeable during the wintertime. During the last two decades of the 20th century, high temperature values, occurring also in the summertime, in combination with insufficient precipitation, contributed to the occurrence of dry spells and even periods of drought. The occurrence of dry spells during the vegetation period and the extreme shortening of the vegetation period have a significant effect upon the amount of grain crop production.
An Interdisciplinary Study of the Farafra Oasis (Egypt) by a Team from the Institute of Developing Countries at the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies of Warsaw University
Authors: Plit Florian 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
During January and February 2004, an interdisciplinary group from the Institute of Developing Countries at the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies of Warsaw University spent time at the Farafra Oasis in Egypt, observing changes in resource management and transformations in the society. The aim was to compare the results with those of earlier studies conducted in 1993.
Abortions in Russia Before and After the Fall of the Soviet Union
Authors: Wites Tomasz 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The initial section of the article elaborates on diverse attitudes towards abortion, and specifies the number of abortions performed before and after the fall of the Soviet Union. The following section presents spatial characteristic of the performed abortions against the largest Russian administrative units. Regional conditioning has been analysed based on the number of abortions per 100 labours and number of abortions among women in labour age (between 15 and 49 years of age). The article also discusses the activity of non-governmental women organisations which aim at providing medical information and participate in the family planning initiatives. Finally, the article presents the rules and conditions of allowing to perform abortion and significant changes in Russian legislation on that issue.
Changes in Poland’s Industry After 1989
Authors: Osiński Stanisław 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper has as its goals the presentation and evaluation of the changes in Poland’s industry during the economic transformation. After having listed the main characteristics of the industry in the period before 1989, the author points out the changing role of the industry in the national economy as well as changes in ownership and quantity. An evaluation of the changes in employment in industry, the value and structure of fixed assets, capital expenditures (incl. the role of direct foreign investments) as well as of the dynamics and structure of the industrial production has been made. Processes of restructuring of indusstry and spatial changes in the industry deployment are another topic discussed in the paper.
Types of Topographic Map Generalization: The Example of the 1: 50 000 Map
Authors: Ostrowski Wiesław 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The author first discusses the various ways of classifying cartographic generalization techniques, and then analyzes the course of the generalization process during the creation of a 1:50 000 topographic map on the basis of a 1:10 000 map. Using this analysis as a foundation, the author identifies, discusses and illustrates with examples the five types of cartographic generalization.
The Remote Sensing Method of Forest Fire Danger Rating Categorization
Authors: Mycke-Dominko Małgorzata 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The article presents the use of satellite images in the determination of forest fire danger rating categories. The assessment was carried out based on images from the LANDSAT TM, IKONOS and NOAA satellites, with the finding that the LANDSAT TM images are the most useful. A new solution proposed is to make forest fire danger rating categories refer to forest ranger sub-districts, what gives the forest service greater control over forest fire prevention activities. Forest fire danger assessment was done taking into account remote sensing indices such as the NDVI, TNDVI, and IHT, as well by the analysis of the spatial distribution and the number of fires in the previous six years. In accordance with the Polish State Forest Classification System, three classes were specified: 1 – high fire danger, 2 – moderate fire danger, 3 – low fire danger.
Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies in Urban Parks as a Basis for Their Sustainable Management
Authors: Sikorski Piotr , Jackowiak Karolina , Szumacher Iwona 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to present interdisciplinary environmental studies in urban park. Simple measures are proposed here for evaluating the status of vegetation and its habitat. When systematically applied, these measures could be a basis for sustainable management of the park greenery. Studies performed in Skaryszewski Park in Warsaw are as an example. Studies confirmed the assumption that simple and relatively cheap field and laboratory methods could be a good basis for recognising the status of plant habitats in parks.
Functioning of Hydrogenic Landscapes the Upper Włodawka River Catchment Basin
Authors: Osowiec Michał 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In the dissertation, I analysed two aspects of the Polesie Lubelskie landscape. The first is the historical aspect – changes in the landscape in the 19th and 20th centuries. In evaluating such changes I relied on the existing maps and relevant literature. The second aspect is the contemporary functioning of the hydrogenic landscape, changes over the course of the year or seasonal changes. This is to allow an assessment of contemporary changes in the environment.
The fieldwork focuses on three components or three factors of the environment: water, soil and vegetation. The water factor is analysed by measuring oscillation of the ground water table as well as the chemical content of river and ground waters. The soil component is examined to determine distribution of various soil types in the study area. Vegetation is analysed by spatial distribution of floral assemblages. I am researching chemical features such as the levels of Ca, HCO3
−, Mg, N, P K, Fe, S, Cl, Si and pH.
Distant Yet Linked Places – A Theoretical Outlook on Geography of Contemporary Economic Activity
Authors: Łuczak Robert 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
As number of studies show, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have become important factor of economic activity worldwide.
This article presents a proposal of a theoretical approach to contemporary geography of economic activity – a phenomena narrowed here to business processes usually referred to as information or knowledge-based sector of the economy. The reasoning is based on a theoretical model presented by Michael Storper that has been developed further. The output shows the existence of a distinctive paradox of digital era: the ICT potentially being able to overcome spatial barriers, lead to refocusing on spatial dimension of business. It is concluded that ICT introduce new dimension of division of business process and labor, namely a spatial one. It is leading to worldwide reconfiguration of the geography of economic activity developed under fordist regime of production – hitherto separate areas and territories are being transformed into network economy of distant yet linked places.
Madagascar – An Island or a Continent? On the Notions of ‘Island’ and ‘Insularity’
Authors: Jędrusik Maciej 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The impreciseness and conjectural character of the notions of island and continent have been the subject of many debates. Most researchers agree that unique features of an island include isolation and significant linkages between the economy and life of the inhabitants with the sea. Some characteristic features are related to spatial development and a concentration of towns and the transport network near the sea. However, Madagascar, which is regarded as an island in all kinds of classifications, fulfils only some of the above criteria. As far as the natural life is concerned, some consequences of spatial isolation can be observed, particularly the predominance of endemic and relict species in the fauna and flora, whereas in the economic and social sphere, Madagascar reveals features which are characteristic of continents. Is therefore Madagascar rightly considered an island?
Landscape Representativeness Within the Network of Ecological Corridors Linking Natura 2000 Areas in Poland
Authors: Gerlée Alina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper analyses landscape representativeness within the ecological corridor network linking Natura 2000 areas in Poland. The criteria used to designate the network did not include landscape representativeness. Nevertheless, the selection of areas covered by the network was found to be adequate to preserve landscape diversity in Poland. The selected areas include the most valuable parts of various landscape types.
Temporal Changes of Land Cover in Relation to Chosen Environmental Variables in Different Types of Landscape
Authors: Zachwatowicz Maria , Giętkowski Tomasz 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Good understanding of relations between historical land cover changes and accompanying environmental components should be a starting point for landscape modelling and forecasting its future patterns. Analysis presented here focuses on the relationships between chosen environmental conditions and agricultural land cover changes in the period of over 150 years. The study area consisted of fragments of Nidziańska Basin and South Pomeranian Lake District macroregions. The land cover data was derived from a number of archival and contemporary topographical maps. Long-term changes of land cover were then related to underlying landscape elements (geological deposits and morphometric landforms). With the help of canonical analysis major correlations were identified and described.
Cooling and Warming of Climate of the Earth’s Northern Hemisphere (On the Basis of Fluctuations of the Oxygen Isotope Δ18O and Dendrological Data)
Authors: Boryczka Jerzy , Stopa-Boryczka Maria , Unton-Pyziołek Arleta , Gieszcz Piotr 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Content fluctuations of the oxygen isotope δ18O in the Devon Island ice core during the last 100 000 years are a measure of climate fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere. The course of content of the oxygen isotope δ18O and the sums of solar radiation reaching the upper edge of the atmosphere are characterized by approximate minima and maxima (by positive correlation). This proves that, during the last hundred thousand years, climate fluctuations (cooling and warming) in the Northern Hemisphere were conditioned by long-term changes of the orbit and altitude of the Earth’s axis. Climate fluctuation forecasts for the Northern Hemisphere were developed for the next 40 000 years on the basis of the established periods of change of the oxygen isotope δ18O and the known solar radiation periodicity. Climate changes in Europe during the last 25000 years were presented together with a forecast for 1000 years (according to organic substances in deposits and radiation) as well as climate changes in Europe in the period from -500 years BP to 2100 AD (according to δ18O and pine tree-rings). It showed that climate changes depended on the concentration of planet mass in relation to the ecliptic plane (from the gravitational impact of planets on the Sun). Concentration courses of planet mass in the Solar System and climate fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere were compared. Of interest are examples of synchronic fluctuations, i.e. dispersal of planet mass in the Solar System, the widths of pine and spruce tree rings and air temperatures in Europe.
Weather Condition Characteristics at the H. Arctowski Station (South Shetlands, Antarctica) for 2006, in Comparison With Multi-Year Research Results
Authors: Angiel Piotr J. , Potocki Mariusz , Biszczuk-Jakubowska Julita 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The maritime Antarctic is characterised by highly variable weather conditions throughout the year, as well as over multi-year periods. The annual variability of weather conditions constitutes an important basis for biological and geographical studies, allowing for the monitoring of the functioning and changes of the geographical environment of the west coast of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica). Year-round meteorological observations (1.2006-12.2006) measured: atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, cloud cover, air temperature, relative humidity, total precipitation, snow cover, and Admiralty Bay ice cover.
Basic Parameters of the Thermal Regime of Rivers in the Vistula River Catchment
Authors: Oksiuta Monika 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Seasonal and multi-annual variability of river water temperature has been analysed based on data from 24 gauge stations of the IMGW network. It has been characterised by means of several values of the thermal regime parameters: mean annual, semi-annual (November-April, May-October) and amplitude. The variability of water temperature in the catchment and in the stream network has been estimated. Measurement data included seven stations at the Vistula river. On the background of natural variability, rivers or their segments have been distinguished where water temperature is impacted by anthropopressure.
Colluvic Umbrisols As a Result of the Erosion Process of Rolling and Hilly Country in Agricultural Area
Authors: Braun Barbara 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Agricultural activity, especially agricultural mechanization, leads to acceleration of erosion in rolling and hilly country. The level of the erosion process, already during territorial observations, may be assessed by the thickness of the humus horizon. In the vicinity of Bytów, the deluvial humus horizons have even achieved thickness of 100 cm. These horizons are also richer in organic matter than humus horizons located on flat-topped mountains and mountain sides. Deluvial horizons are characterized by a somewhat less acid reaction, sometimes even neutral, and somewhat greater dehydration of the sorption complex by alkaline cations.
Issues of Secondary Succession in the Subalpine Forest Glades of the Carpathian Mountains. (Case Study)
Authors: Sosnowska Agnieszka 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Results of research on the process of spontaneous overgrowth of subalpine forest glades in the Gorce National Park are presented in the paper. Research was carried out in 2006-2008. The condition and directions of changes of glades undergoing conservation efforts of different intensity were examined.
Shopping Centres in Warsaw and Bratislava: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Dudek-Mańkowska Sylwia , Križan Frantisek 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to summarise the development of shopping centres and their current locations, types and sizes in Warsaw and Bratislava using a comparative analysis method. Both cities are situated in post-communist countries where the transformation of the retail sector shows many similarities. Before the 1990s, globalisation processes could not be observed in the retail sector in either of these countries. After the 1990s, some new forms of retailing started to appear in both Warsaw and Bratislava. Supermarkets, hypermarkets and modern shopping centres came to existence as a new form of retailing which influenced other traditional forms of retailing in these cities.
Why is the City Maps’ Content of Eastern and Central European Countries So Extensive?
Authors: Ciołkosz-Styk Agata , Ostrowski Wiesław 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Significant changes in the wealth, variety and level of graphic form of city maps are noticeable in recent years, particularly those from Central and Eastern European countries. This is a consequence of the political and economic transformation, resulting in the abolition of censorship and introduction of the free market. City maps published in Western Europe have evolved as well during the aforementioned period due to higher political and economic stability. The paper compares city maps content of 18 European countries and shows the influence of Soviet cartographic style on city maps image in post-communist countries.
The Role of Map Legends in the Process of Map Use. Conclusions from An Exploratory Study
Authors: Gołębiowska Izabela 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Map and geospatial information is an essential tool in many fields of human activities. Although cartographers were extensively involved in cognitive map design research during the second part of the 20th century, the map use process as well as the significance of individual map design elements have not been studied in sufficient depth. The article discusses the results of a controlled experiment. The exploratory study aimed to simulate the execution of some problem-solving tasks based on the information derived from thematic maps with differently designed legends, viz.: list-legend, grouping-legend and natural-legend. On the basis of think-aloud protocols, it has been confirmed that some differences in map reading depend on the legend used.
PENGARUH EARNING PER SHARE, PRICE TO BOOK VALUE, CASH FLOW OPERATING, STOCK RETURN, DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIOTERHADAP PENILAIAN EKUITAS PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Yanti Sharen Santoso Rafli, 
Published: November 2018

The purposeof this studyis to analyze the effect of Earnings Per Share, Price to Book Value, Cash Flow Operating, Stock Return, Dividend Payout Ratio to theEquity Valuation oncompanies listedinthe Indonesia Stock Exchange. A total sample of 47 manufacturing company was selected through purposive sampling method. The results of this study is the earnings per share, dividend payout ratio, and operating cash flow do not have significant influence on equity valuation. Conversely, the price-to-book value and stock return have significant influence on equity valuation. Suggestions for future research is to expand the period of research and use others independent variables that have not been tested in this study for example: sales, interest rates, retained earnings, stock price, and net income.
Audit of Bloemfontein Primary Healthcare Clinics' Emergency Preparedness
Authors: Hagemeister Dirk T , Makhoathi Molibeli , Sekhutsoanyane Lerato , Dladla Nqobile , Mbongo Sinenhlanhla , Seemi Siyabulela , Joubert Gina 
Published: November 2018

Primary health clinic staff must be prepared to manage medical emergencies until an ambulance arrives. This study aimed to determine how well prepared clinics in Bloemfontein, South Africa, are to manage common emergencies regarding consumables, equipment and medication, secondarily to identify common emergencies. This was an observational descriptive study and included all 16 public primary health clinics in the Bloemfontein sub-district. Data were collected using a walk-through audit tool based on current provincial equipment lists. Mean compliance was 45Â per cent (range 32â€“67%) for consumables, 53Â per cent (range 46â€“63%) for equipment, and 58Â per cent (range 36â€“77%) for medication. None of the clinics achieved a level of above 90Â per cent in any of these three categories. Six clinics (38%) scored below 40Â per cent for consumables, one (6%) for equipment and two (13%) for medication. Items not found in any of the clinics were paediatric or neonatal Magill forceps, size 6.5 cuffed and 4.5 uncuffed endotracheal tubes, and 14Â g intravenous cannulas. Two clinics had an automated external defibrillator. Respiratory (asthma), metabolic (hypo- and hyperglycaemia) and cardio circulatory (hypertension) were the most common emergencies. Almost half of all the clinics scored less than 40Â per cent in at least one of the three categories, suggesting a general â€œpoor cultureâ€ of maintaining emergency trolleys. The utilisation of an easy-to-use audit tool to monitor the emergency preparedness of clinics appears essential. Identified challenges with such a tool need to be dealt with and clear audit rules must accompany such a tool. Audit results should be used in the performance assessment of responsible managers.
Facilitation of Reflective Learning in Nursing: Reflective Teaching Practices of Educators
Authors: Naicker Kannagi , Van Rensburg Gisela Hildegard 
Published: November 2018

The ability to reflect meaningfully may help practitioners or students to maintain competence and keep abreast with the latest trends in their practice. Practitioners who are more self-aware or self-discovered are more effective and competent in practice. However, unless educators are trained to practise reflection and to facilitate activities that promote the development of reflective learners, the role of the educator in promoting reflective learning by students will be limited. The purpose of this study was to explore and to describe the role of educators in the facilitation of reflective learning by students. A quantitative, explorative, descriptive study was conducted at nine nursing education institutions in South Africa. A total of 121 nurse educators (nÂ =Â 121) was selected through a multi-staged probability sampling method. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that educators recognise the value of reflective practice but did not necessarily strive to develop their own reflective practices. Although reflective learning was not a formal learning approach in most programmes, the educators included reflection in the teaching and learning activities they facilitated. Educators need formal training to facilitate reflective learning activities to create a reflective learning environment that is conducive to reflection. Reflective learning should also be a formal teaching and learning approach in nursing curricula as reflective practices promote studentsâ€™ critical and creative thinking.