bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengths and support of older people affected by precarity in South Louisiana
Authors: Hedman Karl 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundFew empirical studies have examined strengths and support of older people in circumstances of precarity. A better understanding of this problem has the potential to contribute to the development of care planning and delivery.PurposeTo investigate how older people deal with episodes of precarity in South Louisiana.MethodMore than 300 hr of participant observation and interviews were conducted with 20 predominantly older African American women in a housing complex for low‐income older persons and two senior citizen centres.ResultsThe findings demonstrate five central negative conditions of precarity that older people had to manage: (a) loss and discontinuity of home‐based healthcare services, (b) stress after loss or disruption of social support, (c) problems of poverty, (d) cognitive impairment and declining health and (e) stress of eviction. Strengths and support that older people used were as follows: (a) spiritual faith, (b) psychological strengths, (c) spiritual relationships, (d) family support, (e) friendships of love and friendships of helpfulness, (f) care and support performed by home‐based services, (g) senior centre and housing complex activities, (h) church memberships and activities, and (i) grocery store and café contacts.ConclusionHome‐based services were not sufficient to prevent and reduce precarity for older people because of a lack of and discontinuities in these services.Implications for practiceThis study adds to the literature about precarity among community‐based older people by demonstrating gaps in care support and medication access. The findings suggest that ongoing state funding and support by home‐based services are necessary to support frail older people in precarious living conditions to survive and handle stressful life events by reducing vulnerability and enhancing strengths and supportive resources of older people.
The epidemiology of multicomponent blood transfusion: a systematic review
Authors: Perelman I. , Khair S. , Dermer E. , Tinmouth A. , Saidenberg E. , Fergusson D. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWe performed a systematic review to describe the prevalence of multicomponent blood transfusion and, as a secondary objective, to determine patient characteristics and outcomes associated with multicomponent transfusion. There is a lack of literature on the epidemiology of multicomponent transfusion as most studies concentrate on a single blood product and its utilisation. Patient care and blood management can be optimised by better understanding the patients who receive multicomponent transfusions. The databases Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews were searched. Observational cohort and cross‐sectional studies of hospital patients reporting on multicomponent transfusion prevalence or on patient characteristics and outcomes associated with multicomponent transfusion were included. A descriptive synthesis of studies was performed. A total of 37 eligible studies were included. It was found that multicomponent transfusion prevalence varied greatly by patient population and by the combination of blood products given in the multicomponent transfusion. Multicomponent‐transfused patients included burn, cardiac surgery, liver surgery and transplant, cancer, infectious diseases, trauma and intensive care unit patients. Five studies found associations between multicomponent transfusion and adverse health outcomes; however, these findings are likely confounded by indication. The overall quality of evidence was low given a fair‐to‐poor individual study quality, inconsistent multicomponent transfusion prevalence estimates and confounding by indication. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology of multicomponent transfusion, including studies on multicomponent transfusion in haematological cancer patients and studies looking for patient characteristics that can better predict multicomponent transfusion need.
Psychogenic stress in hospitalized veterinary patients: Causation, implications, and therapies
Authors: Lefman Sara H. , Prittie Jennifer E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo review the sources, adverse effects, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of psychogenic stress in hospitalized human and veterinary patients.Data SourcesData were collected by searching PubMed for veterinary and human literature from the past 10 years.Human Data SynthesisPsychogenic stress has been linked to immune suppression; gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and cutaneous diseases; delayed wound healing; alterations in pain perception; and neurologic impairment. Sources of psychogenic stress include environmental alterations such as excessive noise and light, social and physical factors, sleep disruption, drugs, and underlying disease. Nonpharmacologic options for stress reduction include environmental and treatment modifications, music therapy, and early mobilization. Pharmacologic options include sedation with benzodiazepines and dexmedetomidine. Trazodone and melatonin have been examined for use in sleep promotion but are not currently recommended as standard treatments in ICU.Veterinary Data SynthesisActivation of the stress response in veterinary patients is largely the same as in people, as are the affected body systems. Possible sources of stress can include social, physical, and environmental factors. No gold standard currently exists for the identification and quantification of stress. A combination of physical examination findings and the results of serum biochemistry, CBC, and biomarker testing can be used to support the diagnosis. Stress scales can be implemented to identify stressed patients and assess severity. Nonpharmacologic treatment options include low‐stress handling, pheromones, environmental modifications, and sleep promotion. Pharmacologic options include trazodone, benzodiazepines, dexmedetomidine, and melatonin.ConclusionThe prevalence and clinical significance of psychogenic stress in hospitalized veterinary patients is unknown. Future studies are needed to specifically examine the causative factors of psychogenic stress and the effects of various therapies on stress reduction. The recognition and reduction of psychogenic stress in veterinary patients can lead to improvements in patient care and welfare.
The prevalence of ultrasonographic abnormalities and histopathologic lesions is high in testes of yearling tropical hair rams
Authors: Dascanio John , Roberson Jerry , Pfent Catherine , Nahar Vinayak K. , Arauz Maziel , Alexander Kerry , Roberts Brian , Cope D. Andrew , Bridger Rhett , Botsko Dana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUltrasonography is commonly used to examine testes as part of a breeding soundness examination in sheep, especially, in cases of infertility or when gross testicular abnormalities are present. A descriptive, prospective, prevalence study was conducted to characterize the ultrasonographic, histopathologic, and spermatozoal morphology abnormalities present in a group of yearling tropic hair rams on the island of St. Kitts. Hyperechoic and shadowing abnormalities increased over a 6 month study period. Hyperechoic abnormalities were present in one or both testes in 89% (25/28) of yearling rams and 71% (40/56) of testes at castration. Shadowing abnormalities were present in one or both testes in 46% (13/28) of rams and 34% (19/56) of testes at castration. Shadowing was present more with moderate and severe hyperechoic abnormalities, with few testes in the mild category having any shadowing. As hyperechoic and shadowing abnormalities increased in severity, so did the severity of microscopic lesions including increased interstitial cellularity/fibrosis, interstitial mineralization, seminiferous tubules mineralization (hyperechoic only), and chronic lymphoplasmacytic orchitis. There were no spermatozoal morphologic abnormalities other than an increase in distal cytoplasmic droplets. The study findings detail a pathologic event in this group of yearling rams that has an unknown etiology. Potential causes may include scrotal insulation, trauma, infectious causes, immunity alterations, nutritional imbalances, and ingestion of a toxin. Further studies are required to elucidate the causative agent.
Rapid Weight Loss in Competitive Judo and Taekwondo Athletes: Attitudes and Practices of Coaches and Trainers
Authors: Berkovich Ben-El , Stark Aliza H. , Eliakim Alon , Nemet Dan , Sinai Tali 
Published: March 2019

Fasting, skipping meals, and dehydration are common methods of rapid weight loss used prior to competition in weight category sports. This study examines coaches’ attitudes, perceptions, and practices regarding rapid weight loss among judo and taekwondo athletes. A convenience sample of experienced coaches and trainers (n = 68) completed structured questionnaires. Participants in this study were 33.8 ± 9.3 years old; 57 were males and 11 were females; and 59% were certified coaches, with 71% reporting over 20 years of involvement in sports and 68% having more than 10 years of teaching experience. The majority (90%) reported that they usually supervised athletes through the weight loss process. Interventions for weight loss began at 12.7 ± 1.9 years of age, with a recommended precompetition weight loss duration of 16.2 ± 8.2 days and an average reduction of 1.5 ± 0.7 kg. The majority of the responders (92%) recommended that their athletes practice gradual weight loss methods using a combination of dehydration or increased physical activity (80.3%), sweat suits (50.8%), restricted fluid intake (39.3%), training in heated rooms (27%), and sauna (26.2%). Recommendations of spitting (27.8%) or using laxatives, diuretics, diet pills, or vomiting (21.3%) were also reported. Coaches and trainers often encouraged athletes to cut weight before competition. The methods recommended are potentially harmful with severe health risks, including compromised nutritional status and diminished athletic performance. This is of particular concern in young athletes who are still growing and developing physically. Enhancing knowledge and awareness for coaches, athletes, and parents regarding potential dangers, along with improved nutrition education, is critical for reducing the magnitude and misuse of rapid weight loss methods.
Recovery Trajectory of Postural Control Impairments Following a Concussion: A Case Study
Authors: King Adam C. 
Published: March 2019

Context: Altered postural control represents one of the most common motor consequences following a concussion and there is a paucity of data monitoring the recovery trajectory that identifies the persistent changes of postural control. Objective: To determine whether the recovery trajectory of postural control was consistent across different measures of postural stability and whether increased postural challenge (ie, sloped surface) revealed subtle postural impairments. Design: A single-subject case study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: One concussed individual with a cohort of healthy controls (n = 10) used for comparison. Main Outcome Measures: Center of pressure variability (linear—SD and nonlinear—multiscale entropy) was used to index postural sway preinjury and at periodic intervals following the concussion. Results: The concussed individuals displayed reduced amounts of sway during the initial recovery phase that failed to returned to preinjury levels but reached the level of healthy controls at 1-month postinjury. The multiscale entropy analysis revealed increased center of pressure irregularity throughout recovery that persisted up to 1-month post injury. Conclusions: The findings identified subtle, persistent postural control impairments revealed through the nonlinear analysis of center of pressure and supports the notion that the consequences of a concussion (ie, impaired postural control) need to be considered beyond the resolution of behavioral symptoms.
PNPLA3gene predicts clinical recovery after sustained virological response in decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis
Authors: Dunn Winston , Vittal Anusha , Zhao Jie , He Jianghua , Chakraborty Shweta , Whitener Melissa , Fohn Sara , Ash Ryan , Taylor Ryan M , Olyaee Mojtaba , Olson Jody C , Todd Nancy , Floyd Beth N , Pandya Prashant , Laycock Melissa , Schmitt Timothy , Weinman Steven A 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPatients with decompensated hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis experience various outcomes after sustained virological response (SVR), ranging from clinical recovery to further deterioration. We hypothesised that the genetic risk for steatosis, namely the polymorphisms rs738409 of Patatin-like Phospholipase Domain-Containing 3 (PNPLA3), rs58542926 of Transmembrane-6-Superfamily-2 (TM6SF2), and rs641738 of Membrane-bound O-acyltransferase Domain-Containing 7 (MBOAT7), is predictive of recovery.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 56 patients with Child-Pugh (CPT) B/C cirrhosis who underwent antiviral therapy. The primary outcome was change in CPT score at 12, 24, and 48 weeks after SVR. We used a linear mixed-effects model for analysis.ResultsForty-five patients (PNPLA3: 21 CC, 19 CG, 5 GG) survived to the first endpoint without liver transplantation. The mean change in CPT score at 12, 24, and 48 weeks was −1.57 (SE=0.30), –1.76 (SE=0.32), and −2.0 (SE=0.36), respectively, among the patients with thePNPLA3CC genotype and −0.50 (SE=0.20), –0.41 (SE=0.25), and −0.24 (SE=0.27), respectively, among the other 24 patients. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, thePNPLA3CG/GG genotypes were associated with a 1.29 (SE=0.30, p<0.0001) point higher CPT score. Most of the difference came from differences in hepatic encephalopathy and bilirubin. The results for rs58542926 and rs641738 were not significant.ConclusionThePNPLA3CG/GG genotypes could identify a subgroup of patients with decompensated HCV cirrhosis that had suboptimal clinical recovery despite SVR. An understanding of the genetic factors that influence clinical outcomes will help target patients for liver transplant based on individual genetic risk factors and provide insight leading to new therapeutic approaches.
Evaluation of inhaled salbutamol effectiveness under supportive use of electrical impedance tomography in ventilated ICU patients: study protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Rahmel Tim , Koniusch Alexandra , Schwertner Martin , Oprea Günther , Adamzik Michael , Nowak Hartmuth 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionThe inhalative administration of drugs is a non-invasive application form that is regularly used in the treatment of ventilated patients in critical care setting. However, assessment of effectiveness or distribution of nebulised drugs is one of the lacking cornerstones of modern intensive care monitoring. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) may provide a promising new monitoring and guiding tool for an adequate optimisation of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. EIT may assist in defining mechanical ventilation settings, assess distribution of tidal volume and evaluate associated pathologies at bedside. This study aims to elucidate the extent to which the effectiveness of inhaled salbutamol can be increased by the additional use of EIT for optimisation of respirator settings.Methods and analysisThis study is a randomised, open-label, superiority trial conducted on an intensive care unit of a German university hospital, comparing two groups of mechanically ventilated patients with an acute or chronic bronchial airway obstruction according to the effectiveness of inhaled salbutamol with (intervention) or without (control) additional use of EIT for optimising ventilator settings. The primary outcome is change in airway resistance 30 min after salbutamol inhalation.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of Ruhr-University Bochum (17-6306). The results will be made available to critical care survivors, their caregivers, the funders, the critical care societies and other researchers by publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberDRKS00014706; Pre-results.
Perisciatic Injection of Steroid for the Treatment of Sciatica due to Piriformis Syndrome
Authors: Hanania Michael , Kitain Eric 
Published: March 2019

Background and ObjectivesPiriformis syndrome causing sciatica is sometimes refractory to conventional treatments including physical therapy, piriformis injections, and even caudal epidural steroid injections. Surgical release of the piriformis muscle has been described for difficult cases of piriformis syndrome, but is occasionally accompanied by morbidity. Another approach to treating piriformis syndrome is presented.MethodsA perisciatic injection of steroid using simple landmarks and utilizing a nerve stimulator to locate and inject near the sciatic nerve and into the piriformis muscle is described.ResultsSix patients that did not respond to conventional treatments, but did respond to perisciatic steroid injections are presented. CT scan, in one of the patients, confirmed correct needle placement when this technique and landmarks were used.ConclusionPatients with piriformis syndrome who were refractory to conventional treatments but responded to perisciatic injections of steroid are presented.
HERC3-Mediated SMAD7 Ubiquitination Degradation Promotes Autophagy-Induced EMT and Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma
Authors: Li Hong , Li Junjie , Chen Lei , Qi Songtao , Yu Shishi , Weng Zhijian , Hu Ziyou , Zhou Qiang , Xin Zong , Shi Linyong , Ma Liyi , Huang Annie , Lu Yuntao 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Glioblastoma, a common malignant intracranial tumor, has the most dismal prognosis. Autophagy was reported to act as a survival-promoting mechanism in gliomas by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we determined the critical molecules involved in autophagy-induced EMT and elucidated the possible mechanism of chemoradiotherapy resistance and tumor recurrence.

Experimental Design:
We used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to identify the critical proteins and pathway mediating EMT via autophagy inducer treatment, and tested the expression of these proteins using tissue microarray of gliomas and clinical glioblastoma samples as well as tissues and cells separated from the core lesion and tumor-peripheral region. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas database and 110 glioblastoma cases revealed the prognostic value of these molecules. The functional role of these critical molecules was further confirmed by in vitro experiments and intracranial xenograft in nude mice.

Results:
Autophagy inducers significantly upregulated the expression of HERC3, which promotes ubiquitination-mediated degradation of SMAD7 in an autolysosome-dependent manner. The corresponding increase in p-SMAD2/3 level and TGFβ pathway activation finally induced EMT in cell lines and primary glioblastoma cells. Moreover, HERC3 overexpression was observed in pseudo-palisade cells surrounding tumor necrosis and in tumor-adjacent tissue; high HERC3 and low SMAD7 levels predicted poor clinical outcome in glioblastoma; xenograft of nude mice and in vitro experiments confirmed these findings.

Conclusions:
Together, our findings reveal the indispensable role of HERC3 in regulating canonical SMAD2/3-dependent TGFβ pathway involvement in autophagy-induced EMT, providing insights toward a better understanding of the mechanism of resistance to temozolomide and peripheral recurrence of glioblastoma.
Mutant and Wild-Type Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Share Enhancing Mechanisms Involving Distinct Tyrosine Kinase Cascades in Cancer
Authors: Chen Dong , Xia Siyuan , Wang Mei , Lin Ruiting , Li Yuancheng , Mao Hui , Aguiar Mike , Famulare Christopher A. , Shih Alan H. , Brennan Cameron W. , Gao Xue , Pan Yaozhu , Liu Shuangping , Fan Jun , Jin Lingtao , Song Lina , Zhou An , Mukherjee Joydeep , Pieper Russell O. , Mishra Ashutosh , Peng Junmin , Arellano Martha , Blum William G. , Lonial Sagar , Boggon Titus J. , Levine Ross L. , Chen Jing 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is important for reductive carboxylation in cancer cells, and the IDH1 R132H mutation plays a pathogenic role in cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the regulatory mechanisms modulating mutant and/or wild-type (WT) IDH1 function remain unknown. Here, we show that two groups of tyrosine kinases (TK) enhance the activation of mutant and WT IDH1 through preferential Y42 or Y391 phosphorylation. Mechanistically, Y42 phosphorylation occurs in IDH1 monomers, which promotes dimer formation with enhanced substrate (isocitrate or α-ketoglutarate) binding, whereas Y42-phosphorylated dimers show attenuated disruption to monomers. Y391 phosphorylation occurs in both monomeric and dimeric IDH1, which enhances cofactor (NADP+ or NADPH) binding. Diverse oncogenic TKs phosphorylate IDH1 WT at Y42 and activate Src to phosphorylate IDH1 at Y391, which contributes to reductive carboxylation and tumor growth, whereas FLT3 or the FLT3-ITD mutation activates JAK2 to enhance mutant IDH1 activity through phosphorylation of Y391 and Y42, respectively, in AML cells.

Significance:
We demonstrated an intrinsic connection between oncogenic TKs and activation of WT and mutant IDH1, which involves distinct TK cascades in related cancers. In particular, these results provide an additional rationale supporting the combination of FLT3 and mutant IDH1 inhibitors as a promising clinical treatment of mutant IDH1-positive AML.
See related commentary by Horton and Huntly, p. 699.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681
Alteração hidrotermal e fluidos mineralizantes no alvo Jerimum de Baixo, Campo Mineralizado do Cuiú-Cuiú, Província Aurífera do Tapajós: um estudo baseado em petrografia, inclusões fluidas e química mineral
Authors: Oliveira Helder Thadeu de , Borges Régis Munhoz Krás , Klein Evandro Luiz , Lamarão Claudio Nery , Marques Gisele Tavares , Lima Rafael Guimarães Correa 
Published: March 2019

O alvo Jerimum de Baixo está localizado no Campo Mineralizado do Cuiú-Cuiú, região central da Província Aurífera do Tapajós, Cráton Amazônico. O alvo abrange rochas de composição monzogranítica portadoras de biotita rica em Fe, essencialmente isotrópicas e que foram de fraca a fortemente hidrotermalizadas. Cloritização, sericitização, sulfetação, silicificação e carbonatação são os tipos de alteração mais importantes. A clorita hidrotermal é do tipo chamosita e foi formada entre 261 e 315ºC. A mica branca apresenta composição fengítica. A mineralização é representada por vênulas de quartzo com baixo teor de sulfetos (pirita + pirrotita ± calcopirita ± galena ± esfalerita) em que o ouro ocorre livre e em zonas mais fragilizadas e alteradas, geralmente associado à pirrotita. O estudo petrográfico e microtermométrico de inclusões fluidas hospedadas em quartzo de vênulas definiu inclusões aquocarbônicas, carbônicas e aquosas. Os fluidos com CO2 representam o provável fluido mineralizador e foram gerados por processos de separação de fases entre 280 e 380ºC. Uma posterior infiltração e processos de mistura com fluidos meteóricos são indicados para os fluidos aquosos mais tardios. Separação de fases, modificações nas condições do pH e interação fluido/rocha foram os mecanismos importantes para a precipitação do Au, que se deu em nível rúptil-dúctil da crosta (entre 2 e 6 km). O conjunto de dados até aqui disponíveis indicam para o alvo Jerimum de Baixo uma filiação metalogenética similar a de depósitos auríferos relacionados à intrusão.
First photographic evidence of polymorphic Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Buxa Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghose Mayukh , Sharma Deepak , Murali Nandavaram Subbarao 
Published: March 2019

During a camera trap survey in Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal, India, individuals of Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii were photographed between 13 and 26 February 2018. The images provide the first photographic evidence of the species presence in this protected area. Both golden and spotted individuals were recorded.