bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication adherence following transition to emicizumab in patients with severe hemophilia A: results of a longitudinal observational multicenter real-life study
Authors: Pagnot Laurie , Novais Teddy , Cahoreau Véronique , Lopez Isabelle , Prudent Christelle , Hamon Marie , Leroy Estelle , Gérout Anne Cécile , Toguyeni Elise , Sylvestre Ludovic , Jouglen Julien , Varin Rémi , Chamouard Valérie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Medication adherence following transition to emicizumab in patients with severe hemophilia A: results of a longitudinal observational multicenter real-life study

Background

Hemophilia A (HA) is a rare X-linked congenital bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency in coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Treatment traditionally involves regular intravenous injections of clotting factor concentrates. Recent advances, such as extended half-life FVIII and the subcutaneous non-factor replacement therapy emicizumab, have significantly impacted management strategies for patients with HA.

Aim

The ADHEMI study aimed at assessing the impact on medication adherence of a switch from intravenous prophylaxis (FVIII or bypassing agents [BPA]) to subcutaneous emicizumab for patients with severe HA.

Methods

A multicenter longitudinal study was conducted across eleven French Reference Centers for Hemophilia. The study included 187 patients with severe HA treated with emicizumab for at least 12 months following a minimum of 12 months with FVIII or BPA prophylaxis. Medication adherence was measured using the Medication Possession Ratio (MPR), calculated for both periods, accounting or not for the inclusion of emergency doses (ED).

Results

Medication adherence significantly increased after switching to emicizumab (mean + standard deviation MPR 0.98 ± 0.07) compared to the previous period with FVIII or BPA (MPR 0.85 ± 0.23 without ED, 0.90 ± 0.24 with ED, p < 0.001). The proportion of adherent patients (MPR ≥ 80%) rose from 62.6% (without ED) and 71.1% (with ED) to 97.9% post-switch (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Switching to emicizumab significantly improves medication adherence in patients with severe HA. Emicizumab, administered subcutaneously, simplifies treatment regimens while also reducing the frequency of injections and the need for hospital pharmacy dispensation.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors among Iranian adults: analysis of data from the PERSIAN cohort
Authors: Aliakbari Fatemeh , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Alatab Sudabeh , Poustchi Hossein , Masoudi Sahar , Mohammadi Zahra , Kebar Sousan Mohammadi , Naghashi Shahnaz , Eftekhar Ebrahim , Moradpour Azad , Vakil Mohammad Kazem , Bavarsad Amir Hooshang , Mohammadkarimi Vahid , Hamzeh Behrooz , Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Shamsizadeh Ali , Rastegar Ayoob , Heydari Keyvan , Makhdoomi Khadijeh , Mehrabi Sadrolah , Mirjalili Mohammad Reza , Shahraki Elham , Sepanlou Sadaf , Ahmadi Ali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To date, no comprehensive study has been conducted to assess the prevalence of kidney diseases in Iran. With the establishment of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (the PERSIAN cohort) across various provinces, we aim to address this gap using data from the baseline phase of this cohort study. In this large-scale population-based cross-sectional study, we included 151,227 adult participants (aged 35–70 years) from 17 cohort centers in Iran. The variation in CKD prevalence was investigated using complex survey design. The multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of impairment in renal function. Almost 18.4% of participants had eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73m². CKD prevalence was higher in females across all age groups, peaking in the 65–70 age group. Regional CKD prevalence varied from 6.2–32.7%. Female sex (OR = 2.43, 95% CI:2.06–2.86), hypertension (OR = 1.32, 1.19–1.46), overweight (OR = 1.29, 1.20–1.39), obesity (OR = 1.26, 1.12–1.41), high cholesterol (OR = 1.19, 1.08–1.32), and high fasting blood sugar (OR = 1.14, 1.01–1.27) were risk factors for CKD. Physical activity had protective effect. Our findings serve as a crucial alert for policymakers to develop and implement strategies to manage the escalating burden of chronic kidney disease and mitigate the associated risk factors in Iran.
Low Rates of Diagnosis and Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia After an Acute Severe Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Lin Elissa S. , Dutson Usah , Jensen Dennis M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Few studies report about management of iron deficiency anemia after a severe, acute gastrointestinal bleed. Most include good risk patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeds and report only laboratory improvements but not clinical outcomes.Aims: To assess management of iron deficiency anemia and clinical outcomes of patients after a severe, acute gastrointestinal bleed from either upper or lower sources in an unselected group of patients.Methods. Retrospective analysis of adult patients hospitalized with severe gastrointestinal bleeding in two referral centers. They had endoscopic diagnoses of lesions including non-variceal upper, variceal, and lower sites (diverticulosis or other colon sources). Analyses were of rates of iron studies ordered and iron treatments up to 4 months post discharge. Composite clinical outcomes were also assessed and analyzed.Results: For 337 patients studied, iron studies were ordered in only 50%. When tested, iron deficiency was diagnosed in 75% of anemias. Intravenous iron or oral iron was prescribed in only 7.1% and 26.7% of patients respectively. By 4 months, 94% of patients treated with intravenous iron and 80% treated with oral iron achieved ≥ 2 g/dL increase in hemoglobin level. Patients with high rates of severe comorbidities and severe anemia had poorer clinical outcomes than others with severe anemia and less comorbidity.Conclusions: Despite significant anemia after a severe gastrointestinal bleed from common diagnoses, iron studies were not routinely ordered. Iron deficiency anemia was infrequently recognized or treated with iron therapies. Patients with severe co-morbidities and anemia after an acute gastrointestinal bleed had poor clinical outcomes.
AMPK activation attenuates high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulation of TRPM2-mediated signaling pathway in endothelial cells
Authors: Lu Ting , Zhang Yihua , Zhou Dayan , Wang Zhe , Zhao Lu , Xu Qiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to determine the potential role of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) in high glucose-induced oxidative stress and to explore the underlying mechanisms in endothelial cells.
Methods and Results
Human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) (AMPK activator), Compound C (CC) (AMPK inhibitor), or N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) Anthranilic Acid (ACA) [transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) inhibitor]. Subsequently, the cells in the intervention groups were exposed to high glucose. Reactive oxygen species levels, endothelial apoptosis, calcium entry, and protein expression levels in the HUVECs were detected. The AMPK activator, AICAR, exhibited a significant reduction in high glucose-stimulated ROS production and apoptosis in HUVECs, whereas the AMPK inhibitor, CC, significantly enhanced these effects. Pretreatment with the TRPM2 inhibitor, ACA, significantly abrogated high glucose-induced calcium entry, high glucose-stimulated oxidative stress, and apoptosis, indicating the role of TRPM2-mediated intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) influx in these cellular processes. Furthermore, the AMPK inhibitor, CC, significantly increased the levels of TRPM2-related proteins,including the primary calcium sensor calmodulin (CaM) and NADPH oxidase (NOX). Conversely, the AMPK activator exhibited opposite effects on these proteins.
Conclusions
AMPK activation could attenuate high glucose-stimulated oxidative stress and play a protective role in ECs partly through inhibiting the TRPM2-CaM-NOX pathway.
Correlation between human expert macular fluid height assessment and fluid volume quantification in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Steiner Stefan , Gerendas Bianca S. , Deak Gabor , Leingang Oliver , Whitby Ariadne , Bogunovic Hrvoje , Reiter Gregor S. , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To investigate the association of manually measured retinal fluid by a human expert with AI-quantified retinal fluid volumes and to explore disease activity indicated by fluid volume distributions in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) using an approved AI-based algorithm. This is a retrospective study analyzing baseline OCT data of patients with nAMD from multicenter study data. Manually measured maximum macular fluid heights vertically on B-scans in the central millimeter (CMM) for intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) acquired from expert were associated with vertical fluid heights and three-dimensional volumes obtained by automated quantification using an AI-based tool (RetInSight Fluid Monitor Version 2). Out of 890 patients/eyes, we identified IRF in the CMM both manually and automatically in 328 eyes, SRF in 502 eyes, and PED in 705 eyes. The correlation between manual height and AI-based height was strong for IRF (r = 0.87) and PED (r = 0.91), and moderate for SRF (r = 0.67). Manual height vs. AI-based volume correlation in the CMM was strong for IRF (r = 0.76), and PED (r = 0.87) and moderate for SRF (r = 0.55). The correlation worsened when associating total fluid volumes in the central 6mm with manual CMM fluid height, indicating that CMM height does not represent total nAMD disease activity. AI-based fluid segmentation, in contrast to conventional human expert fluid measurements, provides a more comprehensive assessment, allowing for a significantly more accurate interpretation of total nAMD disease activity.
Characteristics and long-term health outcomes of the first domestic COVID-19 outbreak cases in Da Nang, Vietnam: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Tsuruoka Miyuki , Huynh Mai Kim , Toizumi Michiko , Hoang Thanh Tien , Nguyen Trieu Bao , Dao Anh The , Nguyen Luong Dinh , Le Huy Xuan , Le Chung Thanh , Dang Anh Quang , Do Hung Thai , Yoshida Lay Myint 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Vietnam experienced the first COVID-19 domestic outbreak due to the Wuhan strain (B.1.1) in Da Nang from July 2020. COVID-19 can cause acute as well as long term health problems. We aimed to characterise clinical features and risk factors related to severe illness of COVID-19 among Da Nang outbreak cases, and to describe long-term health outcomes among survivors of this outbreak.
Methods
We conducted an ambidirectional cohort study. Study subjects were all hospitalised cases with positive real-time PCR test of SARS-CoV-2, in the three major hospitals in Da Nang, from 25 July to 28 August 2020. Clinical and demographic information was collected from medical charts retrospectively. Then, the survivors were followed-up prospectively, at 6 and 16 months after acute infection, to assess their health status using standardized questionnaires, physical examination, chest X-rays and pulmonary function tests.
Results
A total of 362 cases including 20 fatal cases were enrolled into the study retrospectively. The median age of participants for the medical chart review was 46.5 years and 60.8% were female. Overall, 7.8% required respiratory support during the hospitalisations and 20 of them died. Compared to the survivors, the fatal cases were significantly older (median age of survivors 45.0 year vs fatal cases 66.5 year, P < 0.001) and more likely to have underlying conditions. The proportions of participants who had at least one long COVID symptom, within the 7 days of each follow-up at 6 and 16 months, were 72.0% (134/186) and 63.5% (47/74), respectively. We also found that females and adults reported symptoms more often in the follow-up surveys, 78.9% (90/114) [females] vs 61.1% (44/72) [males] at 6 months, P = 0.008; 68.7% (46/67) [\(\:\ge\:\)20 years] vs 14.3% (1/7) \(\:[<\)20 years] at 16 months, P= 0.004.
Conclusions
In the first domestic COVID-19 outbreak in Vietnam, mortality rate was around 6% and associated with underlying medical conditions. In the follow-up surveys, a substantial proportion of participants reported long COVID related health problems, although the prevalence declined over time. Females and adults reported symptoms more often and that might be due to the pathophysiological difference by sex and age. (344 words)
Impact of COVID-19 on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shabestari Motahare , Salari Forouzan , Azizi Reyhaneh , Ghadiri-Anari Akram , Namiranian Nasim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and aim
Since the onset of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been one of the most susceptible populations to contracting the virus. Also, COVID-19 and its related lockdown restrictions have affected metabolic regulatory mechanisms within the T2DM population. The present study aims to determine the impact of the viral infection and its lockdown on the physiological parameters in individuals with T2DM.
Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of 118 individuals with prior diagnoses of T2DM were collected. All the subjects had undergone at least one laboratory test within a maximum of three months before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Fifty-nine patients with a confirmed COVID-19 infection within the first three months of the pandemic underwent a follow-up lab test six months after their initial COVID-19 diagnosis. The individuals without a history of the infection underwent a follow-up lab test six months after the onset of the pandemic. Noninfected populations were matched for age and gender with infected patients. Comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory data within each group was conducted.
Results:
The ‘COVID-19 positive’ group exhibited a significant decrease in levels of triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.001) and total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.028), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.034), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (P = 0.027), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index (P = 0.001), and triglyceride glucose -BMI (TyG-BMI) index (P < 0.001) during the first six months post-infection compared to pre-pandemic. Other variables did not show notable changes. The ‘COVID-19 negative’ group had a significant reduction in TC (P = 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.01).
Conclusion:
Individuals with T2DM and mild to moderate COVID-19 infection experienced an improvement in the levels of TC, TG, BMI, and insulin-related indices. Restrictions in the first lockdown were associated with a decrease in the levels of TC and LDL-C in the T2DM population who did not have a history of the viral infection.
Construction and validation of an automatic segmentation method for respiratory sound time labels
Authors: Fan Jian , Ni Haoran , Chen Xiulan , Duan Yulin , Wang Wanmin , Xu Fan , Shang Yan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:In the field of respiratory system diseases, the utilization of respiratory sounds in auscultation plays a crucial role in the specific disease diagnosis. However, during the process of auscultation, the personal experiences and environmental factors may affect the decision making, leading to diagnostic errors. Therefore, to accurately and effectively obtaining and analyzing respiratory sounds can be positively contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory system diseases. Objectives:Our aim was to develop an analytical method for the visualization and digitization of respiratory audio data, and to validate its capability to differentiate between various background diseases. Methods:This study collected the respiratory sounds of patients admitted to the Department of General Medicine of Shanghai Changhai Hospital from June to December 2023. After strict screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 84 patients were included. The research process includes using an electronic stethoscope to collect lung sounds from patients in a quiet environment. The patients expose their chests and lie flat. Sound data is collected at six landmark positions on the chest. The collected audio files are imported into an analysis tool for segmentation and feature extraction. Specific analysis methods include distinguishing heart sounds and respiratory sounds, segmenting respiratory sounds, determining the inspiratory and expiratory phases, and using a tool developed by the team for automatic segmentation encoding. Results:We standardized the respiratory sounds of 84 patients and segmented multiple respiratory cycles. Following the localization and segmentation of the respiratory cycles based on label information, we calculated the average and standard deviations of the amplitude features for each segment of the respiratory cycle. The results indicated differences among various diseases. Conclusions:The robust algorithm platform is capable to segmenting the respiratory sounds into inhale and exhale phase accordingly, then to comparing the difference between different background disease. This method provides objective evidence for auscultation of respiratory sounds and visual display of breath sounds.
The Linkage between Decision-making and Bodily States: An Investigation Using an Emotional Startle Reflex Paradigm and the Iowa Gambling Task
Authors: Miranda Azahara , Duschek Stefan , Mata José Luis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Theories such as the somatic marker hypothesis posit that emotions and feedback from bodily states support higher cognition and decision-making. This study investigated the connection between decision-making and activity of the startle reflex, a defense reflex that is sensitive to emotional states. Decision-making was assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), which simulates real-life decision-making with respect to complexity and uncertainty. The startle reflex was quantified, via electromyography, as the eyeblink following intense noise stimulation during the viewing of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant emotional pictures. Forty-two healthy participants were classified according to their performance on the IGT using the median-split method. In the entire sample, the startle response amplitude progressively increased from pleasant to unpleasant picture exposure. Participants with high IGT performance exhibited smaller response amplitudes than those with low IGT performance, independent of picture valence. Furthermore, inverse linear associations were seen between IGT performance and response amplitudes. The association between decision-making and startle reflex activity may be mediated by individual differences in emotional state. According to previous studies, a positive emotional state, as opposed to a negative emotional state, relates to smaller startle amplitudes and a preference for decision-making strategies based on intuition and body-related information (i.e., somatic markers), which are beneficial in situations involving complex and uncertain decisions. Moreover, an impact of individual differences in prefrontal cortex function on decision-making and startle reflex activity is feasible. The startle paradigm may be a useful tool to investigate the interaction between bodily states and higher-order cognitive processing in future research.
Idiopathic intraconal abscess: A case report of rare condition with a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Debela Asrat Sime , Jibriel Tewodros Adugna , Abore Kibruyisfaw Weldeab , Wirtu Roby Dessalegn , Worke Alemayehu Bedane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Intraconal abscess is a rare complication of rhino-sinusitis
that could cause permanent visual loss. Orbital, especially
intraconal involvement without any inciting event is a very rare
occurrence.

Case Presentation:
A 31-year-old male Ethiopian patient presented with 5 days
history of painless protrusion of the right eye. Physical
examination showed significantly decreased visual acuity is the
right eye with very high intra-ocular pressure, significant
proptosis, absent motility and high hyperopic shift. Laboratory
investigations didn’t reveal any abnormalities, and orbital
Computer Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging were suggestive
of intra-orbital abscess collection. Surgical drainage of the
abscess with lacrimal gland incisional biopsy was done and sent for
histopathology, culture and sensitivity. Histopathology results
showed mild inflammatory infiltrate of the lacrimal gland, and
culture and Sensitivity revealed Coagulase-negative staphylococcus
species sensitive for ciprofloxacin. After 3 days of intravenous
antibiotics, it was changed to oral ciprofloxacin 500 mg three
times per day and sent home. He had mild lid swelling and motility
started to return to normal on his early post-operative follow-up
with improvement on hyperopic shift. Subsequently, on follow-up,
the patient had a near-normal visual acuity with complete
resolution of hyperopia, full motility and no proptosis.

Conclusion
Idiopathic intraconal abscess collection is an extremely rare
presentation of patients with proptosis with significant diagnostic
dilemma altering the course of treatment. Preoperative imaging
followed by early surgical drainage and antibiotics is the
definitive management that yields drastic improvement to the course
of illness.
Allometrically adjusted chair stand test cutoff points to identify sarcopenia in older Brazilian adults: A cross-validation study
Authors: Bohn Lucimere , Teixeira Eduardo , Tavares Gysely Bastos , Carvalho Anderson Santos S , Flores Ariane Etyhur , Cyrino Edilson , Cordeiro Jéssica Fernanda Corrêa , Santos André Pereira dos , Sebastião Emerson , Karaçam Aydin , Machado Dalmo , Mota Jorge , Abdalla Pedro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: The decline in muscle strength with age is linked to impaired functional ability and increased fall risk, leading to fractures, hospitalization, and mortality. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People recommends muscle strength assessment, especially with respect to handgrip strength (HGS). The chair stand test (CST) is a practical alternative that measures quadriceps strength without additional equipment, although it is influenced by body size. The
Purpose of this study is to cross-validate allometric adjustments in the 30-second CST (30-s CST) for identifying low muscle strength in older adults, contributing to a more accurate and practical assessment of sarcopenia.
Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from older Brazilian adults. Muscle strength was measured via the 30-s CST and normalized by body size through allometric adjustments. Functional limitations (< 400 m) were assessed via the six-minute walk test (6MWT).
Results: Allometric normalization effectively removed body size effects on the 30-s CST results, with an AUC > 0.70 in the ROC analysis. This validated the cutoff points proposed previously.
Conclusions: Allometric adjustments in the 30-s CST provide a robust method for identifying low muscle strength and functional limitations in older adults, irrespective of body size and variations in chair height.