bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between Fear of Hypoglycemia and Sleep Quality among type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Yekefallah Leili , Talebi Farzaneh , Razaghpoor Ali , Mafi Mohammmad Hossein 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introduction and Objective

Fear of hypoglycemia can result in anxiety, stress, anger, depression and severe avoidance behaviors that it affects the sleep quality of diabetic patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between fear of hypoglycemia and sleep quality among type II diabetic patients.

Methods

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 type II diabetic patients referred to endocrinology clinic of Velayat Hospital and Boali Hospital in Qazvin, in 2018. Data were collected using a checklist for demographic variables, the Fear of Hypoglycemia Survey (FHS-W), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation test were performed for data analysis using SPSS v24.

Results

In this study, the mean age of diabetic patients was 55.75±10.31. The majority of the participants were female (n=299, 74.8%) and were treated with oral anti-diabetic drugs (n=174, 43.5%). The mean score of sleep quality in patients was 8.98±3.64 and the fear of hypoglycemia was 21.27±11.92. The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between the fear of hypoglycemia and the poor sleep quality among patients (p<0.001, r=0.305).

Conclusion

The fear of hypoglycemia has a direct and significant relationship with poor sleep quality in diabetic patients; so that this fear reduces the quality of sleep in diabetic patients. Therefore, in order to provide adequate sleep to prevent inappropriate sleep complications, great attention should be paid to the issue of fear of hypoglycemia, and consider some actions to reduce this fear.
The tumor-infiltrating effector regulatory T cell:CD8+ lymphocyte ratio in invasive breast cancer
Authors: Okada Morihito , Goda Noriko , Sasada Shinsuke , Shigematsu Hideo , Masumoto Norio , Shiroma Noriyuki , Arihiro Koji , Kadoya Takayuki , Kidani Yujiro , Ohkura Naganari , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Sakaguchi Shimon 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer comprise immunostimulating and immunosuppressive components. Although FOXP3+ TILs are prototypical immunosuppressive TILs, only effector regulatory T cells (eTreg), a subset of immunosuppressive FOXP3+ TILs, are undetectable on immunohistochemical staining. This study aimed to evaluate the immunosuppressive potential of eTregs and the role of prototypical immunostimulatory CD8+ TILs in invasive breast cancer.

Methods

Fresh TILs extracted from 84 invasive breast cancer patients were analyzed via flow cytometry. We evaluated eTregs (CD4+FOXP3highCD45RA−), other FOXP3+ Treg subsets (naïve and non-Tregs), and total CD8+CD4- TILs. Clinicopathological factors, including histopathological characteristics, were also assessed.

Results

The median eTreg proportion of the total CD4+TILs was 18.7% (interquartile range [IQR], 16.4–25.5%); CD8+TILs, 124% (IQR, 87.5–140%). The proportion of eTregs to total FOXP3+ TILs varied (median, 65.6%; range, 10.1–93.2%). In an immunosuppression assay, only eTregs displayed potent immunosuppression; however, other Treg subsets did not. Among 39 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, eTreg subsets and pathological compete response (pCR) did not differ significantly, while pCR rates were significantly higher among individuals with a high than those with a low CD8+/eTreg ratio (90.2% vs 33.3%; P<0.05). Among all patients, a high CD8+/eTreg ratio tended to be associated with better disease-free survival rather than a low CD8+/eTreg ratio (P=0.09).

Conclusions

The CD8+/eTreg ratio is simple, optimal indicator of cancer immunity, and a high CD8+/eTreg ratio enhances the prognosis and treatment response in invasive breast cancer patients. However, further studies are required to validate the present findings.
Pretreatment heterogeneous enhancement pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma can be new predictor for early response to lenvatinib
Authors: Kawamura Yusuke , Kobayashi Masahiro , Shindoh Junichi , Kobayashi Yuta , Kasuya Kayoko , Sano Tomoya , Fujiyama Shunichiro , Hosaka Tetsuya , Saitoh Satoshi , Sezaki Hitomi , Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Kenji , Arase Yasuji , Hashimoto Masaji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: The aims of this study were to identify useful predictors of early tumor response to lenvatinib, and to evaluate the utility of estimation of tumor differentiation from pretreatment image analysis.
Methods: We evaluated 37 consecutive patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosed by dynamic computed tomography (CT) who received lenvatinib. Pretreatment arterial- and portal-phase dynamic CT images were classified into three enhancement patterns: Type-2 is a homogeneous enhancement pattern with increased arterial blood flow; Type-3 is a heterogeneous enhancement pattern with a septum-like structure; and Type-4 is a heterogeneous enhancement pattern with irregularly shaped ring structures. Generally, macroscopic classification of the nodular type of SNEG and CMN types strongly relates to the Type-3 enhancement pattern, and histologically, the Type-1 enhancement pattern represents well-differentiated HCC, while the Type-2 and -3 patterns represent moderately-differentiated HCC; the Type-4 enhancement pattern is a significantly specific feature for predicting poorly-differentiated HCC.　Treatment response was evaluated using mRECIST at 8–12 weeks after initiation of lenvatinib.
Results: In early treatment response evaluation, 6 of 37 patients (16%) achieved a complete response (CR), 22 (59%) experienced a partial response (PR), 6 (16%) had stable disease (SD), and 3 (8%) had progressive disease (PD); therefore, 28 of 37 patients (76%) experienced an objective response (OR). By dynamic CT enhancement pattern using mRECIST, the objective response rate (ORR) was significantly elevated along with increasing heterogeneity of enhancement pattern from Type-2 (54%) to Type-4 pattern (89%; P=0.046). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a pretreatment dynamic CT heterogeneous enhancement pattern (Type-3 and -4) (hazard ratio, 6.12; P=0.040) is a useful predictor of early OR.
Conclusion: Lenvatinib provided a good early treatment response in patients with unresectable HCC. Estimation of tumor differentiation using image analysis was also useful for predicting early tumor response.
Clinical outcomes of colistin in combination with either 6-g sulbactam or carbapenems for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia with high MIC to sulbactam, a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ungthammakhun Chutchawan , Vasikasin Vasin , Changpradub Dhitiwat 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB) is an important cause of nosocomial pneumonia with limited therapeutic options. Colistin based regimen is recommended treatment. Which drugs should be combined with colistin remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with XDRAB pneumonia who were treated with colistin, combined with either 6-g sulbactam or carbapenems, in the setting of high MIC to sulbactam.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, hospitalized patients diagnosed with XDRAB pneumonia in Phramongkutklao Hospital were enrolled. The primary outcome was the 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 7 and 14-day mortality, length of stay, ventilator days and factors associated with mortality.
Results: From 1 July 2016 to 30 September 2017, 192 patients were included; 92 received colistin plus sulbactam and 90 received colistin plus carbapenems. Most of the patients were male diagnosed with ventilator associated pneumonia in medical intensive care unit. Overall mortality rates at 7, 14, 28 days were 24.2%, 37.4%, 53.3%, respectively. Mortality rates did not differ between sulbactam group and carbapenems groups at 7 days (19.6% vs. 28.9%, p-value 0.424, adjusted HR 1.277; 95% CI = 0.702-2.322), 14 days (34.8% vs. 40%, p = 0.658, adjusted HR 1.109; 95% CI = 0.703-1.749) and 28 days (51.1% vs. 55.6%, p = 0.857, adjusted HR 1.038; 95% CI = 0.690-1.562). Length of stay, ICU days and ventilator days did not differ. Complications of treatment including acute kidney injury were not statistically different.
Conclusions: In XDRAB pneumonia with high MIC to sulbactam, mortality rates were not statistically significant between colistin plus 6-g sulbactam and colistin plus carbapenems.
Keywords: XDR A. baumannii pneumonia, mortality rate, colistin based, sulbactam, carbapenems
Did we take physical therapy serious after lithotripsy: a meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Peng Linjie , Wen Junjun , Zeng Guohua , Zhong Wen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Stone-free rate (SFR) after lithotripsy was one of the most frequent concerned issue, especially in patients following extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and flexible ureteroscopy (retrograde intrarenal surgery, RIRS). Physical therapy including percussion, inversion, physical vibration and their combinations was administrated to improve the SFR, but there was no conclusive evidence to support this theory. To conclude the effectiveness and safety of physical therapy on the SFR in patients received ESWL/RIRS.

Methods

We systematically reviewed the literature focused on physical therapy in patients after ESWL/RIRS on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library and Embase from 2000 to 2019 April. We mainly focused on stone-free rate and complications rate.

Results

Nine prospective studies including 8 randomized control trials and 1 non-randomized study were enrolled, and 1747 subjects were analyzed. All the physical therapy we enrolled was finally concluded into EPVL (external physical vibration lithecbole) and PDI (percussion, diuresis and inversion). Compared to conventional group, physical therapy provided a higher SFR (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.74–4.12; P = 0.0001), especially SFR in lower calyx stones (OR: 3.60; 95% CI: 2.26-5.73; P= 0.0001). In subgroup analysis, EPVL (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.27–4.07; P =0.005) and PDI (OR: 3.51; 95% CI: 1.96–6.26; P = 0.0001) were both effective. Drinking e enough water before treatment was supposed to increase the SFR (OR: 3.31; 95% CI: 2.39–4.60; p = 0.0001). Otherwise, medical intervention such as furosemide (OR: 5.21; 95% CI: 0.53–50.72; P = 0.156) and tamsulosin (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.61–1.82; P = 0.855) did not improve the SFR. No significant difference was detected in terms of complications rates (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.61–1.14; P = 0.25).

Conclusions

EPVL or PDI were both effective and safe in increasing the SFR after ESWL/RIRS, but its effectiveness was limited in LCS. Drinking enough water before physical therapy helped to improve the SFR. The role of furosemide and tamsulosin in physical therapy or surgery need to be testified by large-scale, high-quality studies.
Association of preoperative urethral parameters on magnetic resonance imaging and immediate recovery of continence following Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Li Youjian , Qiu Xuefeng , Li Weijian , Lu Wenfeng , Chen Mengxia , Gao Jie , Yang Yang , Zhuang Junlong , Li Xiaogong , Guo Hongqian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Purpose

Studies regarding predictive factors of urinary continence following Retzius-sparing radical prostatectomy is limited. This study was designed to evaluate association of urethral parameters on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immediate recovery of urinary continence following Retzius-sparing robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RS-RARP).

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled 156 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent MRI before RS-RARP. We measured the following structures on preoperative MRI: minimal residual membranous urethral length (mRUL), peri-urethral sphincter complex (PSC) thickness, urethral wall thickness (UWT), the thicknesses of the levator ani muscle (LAM) and obturator internus muscle (OIM). Immediate urinary continence was defined as patients reported freedom from using safety pad within 7 days after removal of urinary catheter. Patients were divided into two groups according the median of each parameter on MRI. We retrospectively analyzed the patients in term of preoperative clinical factors and postoperative urinary continence.

Results

A total of 100 patients (64.1%) reported immediate urinary continence after RS-RARP. Immediate urinary continence was significantly more in patients with longer mRUL (≥ 8.70 mm) than in patients with shorter mRUL (< 8.70 mm; P= 0.000). On multivariable analysis, longer mRUL was significantly related to immediate urinary continence after RS-RAPA (odds ratio, 8.265, P= 0.000). PSC, UWT, LAM and OIM were not associated with immediate urinary continence.

Conclusions

Our results firstly demonstrated that preoperative mRUL measured on MRI was an independent predictor of immediate urinary continence following RS-RARP. Therefore, preservation of membranous urethra is still the anatomical basis of better urinary outcome after RS-RARP.
Habitations, villages, and gram panchayats: local drinking water planning in rural India with a Pune district case study
Authors: Wescoat James L. , Shah Riddhi Pankaj , Singh Ranu , Murty J. V. R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Improving rural drinking water services at the village level is a high priority in India. The National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) calls for village drinking water plans on an annual basis. However, planning data analysis and mapping are complicated by the different levels of local settlement that are involved. The aims of this paper are: first, to review how the term ‘village’ has come to refer to three different types of settlement for planning purposes in India; second, to show how each settlement type has different water data and Geographic Information System (GIS) map coverage; and third, to identify practical strategies for using these different data and mapping resources to develop rural drinking water plans. We address the first objective through a brief historical review of local government administration and drinking water database development in India. Challenges of data analysis and mapping are demonstrated through a case study of Pune district in Maharashtra. This challenge led to the identification of six practical strategies for coordinating the analysis of drinking water data and GIS mapping for planning purposes.
Faecal contamination of groundwater in rural Vanuatu: prevalence and predictors
Authors: Foster Tim , Willetts Juliet , Kotra Krishna Kumar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Groundwater is an important source of water for coastal communities in Pacific Island Countries. This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of faecal contamination in groundwater sources across 11 islands in Vanuatu. Escherichia coli was detected in 49% of sources and E. coli concentration exceeded 10 MPN (most probable number)/100 mL for 23% of sources. When adjusting for other variables, the detection of E. coli was significantly associated with severe pump stand corrosion, suggestive of contaminated run-off directly entering boreholes. E. coli concentration &gt;10 MPN/100 mL was also significantly associated with: (i) hand-dug wells (as compared to drilled boreholes); (ii) severe pump stand corrosion; (iii) water points underlain by volcanic rocks (as compared to coral limestone); and (iv) rainfall in the previous 24 h. Encasing pump stands in concrete – as some communities had done – was found to have a significant protective effect. While baseline statistics for Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1 suggest that 87% of Vanuatu's rural population have access to at least a basic (improved) water source, the results from this study point to extensive microbial water quality concerns linked to degraded water supply infrastructure in need of rehabilitation.
Selenium Status in Elderly People: Longevity and Age-Related Diseases
Authors: Robberecht Harry , De Bruyne Tess , Davioud-Charvet Elisabeth , Mackrill John , Hermans Nina 
Published: July 2019

Background:Selenium (Se) is a trace element active in selenoproteins, which can regulate oxidative stress. It is generally perceived as an import factor for maintaining health in the elderly.Methods:The goal of this review is to discuss selenium concentration in biological samples, primarily serum or plasma, as a function of age and its relation with longevity. The elemental level in various age-related diseases is reviewed.Conclusion:Highest selenium values were observed in healthy adults, while in an elderly population significantly lower concentrations were reported. Variables responsible for contradictory findings are mentioned. Risk and benefits of Se-supplementation still remain under debate.
Piperine: Old Spice and New Nutraceutical?
Authors: Smilkov Katarina , Ackova Darinka G. , Cvetkovski Aleksandar , Ruskovska Tatjana , Vidovic Bojana , Atalay Mustafa 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Many of the activities associated with pepper fruits have been attributed to piperine, the
most active compound present in these spices.

Objective:
This paper aims to provide an overview of the known properties of piperine, i.e. piperine’s chemistry,
its physiological activity, documented interactions as a bioenhancer and reported data concerning its toxicity,
antioxidant properties and anticancer activity.

Discussion:
It is known that piperine possesses several properties. In its interaction with other drugs, it can act as
a bioavailability enhancer; this effect is also manifested in combination with other nutraceuticals, e.g. with curcumin,
i.e. piperine can modify curcumin’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer effects.
Piperine displays significant immunomodulating, antioxidant, chemopreventive and anticancer activity; these
effects have been shown to be dose-dependent and tissue-specific. However, the main limitation associated with
piperine seems to be its low bioavailability, a disadvantage that innovative formulations are overcoming.

Conclusion:
It is predicted that an increasing number of studies will focus on piperine, especially those directed
towards unraveling its properties at molecular level. The current knowledge about the action of piperine will form
a foundation for ways to improve piperine’s bioavailability e.g. exploitation of different carrier systems. The
therapeutical applications of this compound will be clarified, and piperine will be recognized as an important
nutraceutical.
Essential Oil and Ethanol Extract of Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) from Armenian Flora as a Natural Source of Terpenes, Flavonoids and other Phytochemicals with Antiradical, Antioxidant, Metal Chelating, Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Moghrovyan Armenuhi , Sahakyan Naira , Babayan Anush , Chichoyan Naira , Petrosyan Margarit , Trchounian Armen 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Origanum vulgare is used in Armenian cuisine as well as in folk medicine. The aim of
this investigation was to determine the peculiarities of the chemical composition of Armenian flora’s oregano
essential oil (EO) and ethanol extract (EE) and to characterize mainly antioxidant and antibacterial properties in
vitro.

Methods:
EO of plant aerial parts was extracted by the hydro-distillation method, and the composition was analyzed
by gas-chromatography (GC). EE was prepared using ethanol as a solvent. Antioxidant, antibacterial and
other biological activity of EO and EE was determined using appropriate methods.

Results:
The terpenes were found to be the greatest part of oregano EO (β-caryophyllene epoxide - 13.3 %; β-
caryophyllene -8.2 %; ο-cymene - 5.2 %). The flavonoid content of EE was 3.9±0.7 mg g-1 catechin equivalents.
Antiradical activities of EO and EE expressed with half-maximum inhibitory concentrations were 1057 µg mL-1
and 19.97 µg mL-1. The antioxidant index in the case of using extract (1000 µg mL-1) was 77.3±1.5 %. The metal
chelating activity of EE was 74.5±0.2 %. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of EO, EE and arbutin were 26.5±0.3
%, 6.5±0.2 % and 50±0.1 %, respectively. Both EO and EE of oregano were able to suppress the growth of testmicroorganisms
including clinical pathogen isolates, but have moderate antimicrobial activity. EO antibacterial
activity against ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli was similar to the activity against non-resistant strain. EE
was not active against ampicillin-resistant E. coli in contrast to non-resistant one.

Conclusion:
The results indicate high antioxidant and moderate antibacterial as well as high antiradical, metal
chelating, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of oregano EO and EE, which can be used as a natural source of terpenes,
flavonoids and other phytochemicals in medicine, pharmaceutics, cosmetics and food industry. EO has antibacterial
activity also against ampicillin-resistant E. coli.
Influence of the OATP Polymorphism on the Population Pharmacokinetics of Methotrexate in Chinese Patients
Authors: Wang Zhiqi , Zhang Nan , Chen Chaoyang , Chen Shuqing , Xu Junyu , Zhou Ying , Zhao Xia , Cui Yimin 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The Pharmacokinetics of Methotrexate (MTX) has been reported to show significant intersubject
variability. MTX is metabolized by SHMT1 and transported by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 both of which
show genetic polymorphisms. The non-genetic and genetic factors may influence the pharmacokinetics of MTX.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of MTX in Chinese patients and to investigate
the effect of various non-genetic factors and genetic variants of OATP1B1, OATP1B3 on MTX’s pharmacokinetics.

Method:
MTX concentration and clinical characteristics data were collected from 71 rheumatoid arthritis patients.
For each patient, SLC19A1, SHMT1, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3 genotyping were tested. Population pharmacokinetic
analysis was performed by Nonlinear Mixed-Effect Modeling (NONMEM). MTX pharmacokinetic properties
analysis was executed using the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model which incorporated first-order conditional
estimation methods with interaction. Besides, the impact of genetic factors and demographic factors on MTX disposition
were explored.

Results:
All the genotypes of steady-state plasma concentrations and OATP1B1 rs4149056, OATP1B1 rs2306283,
and OATP1B3 rs7311358 were determined. The detected blood drug concentration reached the standard. Genotypes
were all measured. At the same time, the population pharmacokinetic model of methotrexate was obtained CL(L·h-1)
=8.25× e0.167× SNP (SNP: SLCO1B1 388A/A=3; SLCO1B1 388A/G=2; SLCO1B1 388G/G=1); V(L)= 32.8; Ka(h-
1)=1.69.

Conclusion:
: In our study, it was showed that OATP1B1-388 G>A SNP had a significant effect on CL/F. The factor
should be considered when determining MTX dosing. However, prospective studies with a large number of participants
are needed to validate the results of this study.