bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkane and wax ester production from lignin‐related aromatic compounds
Authors: Salmela Milla , Lehtinen Tapio , Efimova Elena , Santala Suvi , Santala Ville 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLignin has potential as a sustainable feedstock for microbial production of industrially relevant molecules. However, the required lignin depolymerization yields a heterogenic mixture of aromatic monomers that are challenging substrates for the microorganisms commonly used in the industry. Here, we investigated the properties of lignin‐related aromatic compounds (LRAs), namely coumarate, ferulate, and caffeate, in the synthesis of biomass and products in an LRA‐utilizing bacterial host Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1. The biosynthesis products, wax esters, and alkanes are relevant compounds for the chemical and fuel industries. Here, wax esters were produced by a native pathway of ADP1, whereas alkanes were produced by a synthetic pathway introduced to the host. Using individual LRAs as substrates, the growth and product formation were monitored with internal biosensors and off‐line analytics. Of the tested LRAs, coumarate was the most propitious in terms of product synthesis. Wax esters were produced from coumarate with yield and titer of 37 mg/gcoumarate and 202 mg/L, whereas alkanes were produced with a yield of 62.3 µg /gcoumarate and titer of 152 µg/L. This study demonstrates the microbial preference for certain LRAs and highlights the potential of A. baylyi ADP1 as a host for LRA upgrading to value‐added products.
Stabilization and scale‐up of photosynthesis‐driven ω‐hydroxylation of nonanoic acid methyl ester by two‐liquid phase whole‐cell biocatalysis
Authors: Hoschek Anna , Bühler Bruno , Schmid Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhotoautotrophic organisms are promising hosts for biocatalytic oxyfunctionalizations because they supply reduction equivalents as well as O2 via photosynthetic water oxidation. Thus far, research on photosynthesis‐driven bioprocesses mainly focuses on strain development and the proof of principle in small‐scale biocatalytic reaction setups. This study investigates the long‐term applicability of the previously developed cyanobacterial strain Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803_BGT harboring the alkane monooxygenase system AlkBGT catalyzing terminal alkyl group oxyfunctionalization. For the regiospecific ω‐hydroxylation of nonanoic acid methyl ester (NAME), this biocatalyst showed light intensity‐independent hydroxylation activity and substantial hydrolysis of NAME to nonanoic acid. Substrate mass transfer limitation, substrate hydrolysis, as well as reactant toxicity were overcome via in situ substrate supply by means of a two‐liquid phase system. The application of diisononyl phthalate as organic carrier solvent enabled 1.7‐fold increased initial specific activities (5.6 ± 0.1 U/gCDW) and 7.6‐fold increased specific yields on biomass (3.8 ± 0.1 mmolH‐NAME/gCDW) as compared with single aqueous phase biotransformations. Finally, the whole‐cell biotransformation system was successfully scaled from glass tubes to a stirred‐tank photobioreactor. This is the first study reporting the application of the two‐liquid phase concept for efficient phototrophic whole‐cell biocatalysis.
Identification and structural characterization of febuxostat metabolites in rat serum and urine samples using UHPLC–QTOF/MS
Authors: Zhou Liping , Liu Hexiang , Xu Zhongyong , Guan Su , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFebuxostat is a novel nonpurine type of highly selective xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor. A rapid and sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method for simultaneous separation and determination of febuxostat and its metabolites in rat serum and urine was developed at various time points after oral administration to the rats. The febuxostat metabolites were predicted by biotransformation software and transformed to a personal compound database to quickly determine the possible metabolites from the MS1 data. The possibility of the MS/MS fragmentation was calculated by the Molecular Structure Correlator software. As a result, five phase I and two phase II metabolites in rat serum, and seven phase I and three phase II metabolites in rat urine were identified, of which four metabolites (M2, M5, M6, M7) have not been reported before. The metabolite toxicities are predicted, and the results are helpful for the design of new xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors.
Understanding consumers' purchase intentions toward natural‐claimed products: A qualitative research in personal care products
Authors: Kahraman Aysun , Kazançoğlu İpek 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn recent years there is a trend of consuming natural products for a sustainable and healthier life. Therefore, firms began aligning their strategy with sustainability by communication strategies that they produce natural products, which are better for health as well as the environmental sustainability. However, sometimes these claims may be deceptive. The purpose of this paper is to understand the consumers' purchasing intentions toward products claiming naturalness in their advertising and packaging strategies. This research also examined greenwashing perceptions and their potential roles in purchasing intentions. In‐depth face‐to‐face interviews carried out with 20 Turkish women regarding personal care products (local brand and international brand). The findings of the interviews revealed eight themes (perceived greenwashing, perceived green image, price perception, environmental concern, green trust, skepticism, perceived risk, and purchase intention). This study contributes to predict a framework from consumer viewpoint for identifying the themes related to greenwashing.
Immune microenvironments differ in immune characteristics and outcome of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Zhang Botao , Shen Rongfang , Cheng Shujun , Feng Lin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions between tumors and the host immune system holds great promise to uncover biomarkers for targeted therapies, predict the prognosis of patients and guide clinical treatment. However, the immune signatures of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain largely unstudied in terms of systematic analyses. We aimed to classify GBM samples according to immune‐related genes and complement the existing immunotherapy system knowledge. In this study, we designed a strategy to identify 3 immune subtypes representing 3 different immune microenvironments (M1‐M3) and associated with prognosis. The 3 subtypes were significantly different in terms of specific immune characteristics (immune cell subpopulations, immune responses, immune cells, and checkpoint gene interactions). In additional, copy number variations and methylation changes were identified that correlated with genes related to a worse prognosis subtype in the microenvironment. More importantly, in M3 (worst prognosis subtype) and M2 (best prognosis subtype), the interaction between immune cells and checkpoint genes was different, which had an important effect on the prognosis. Finally, we used risk scores of immune cells and checkpoint genes to evaluate the prognosis of GBM patients and validated the results with 3 independent datasets. Disordered interactions between immune cells and checkpoint genes result in a change in the immune microenvironment and affects the prognosis of patients. We propose that a better understanding of the immune microenvironment of advanced cancers may provide new insights into immunotherapy.
Randomness in microtubule dynamics: an error that requires correction or an inherent plasticity required for normal cellular function?
Authors: Ilan Yaron 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicrotubules (MTs) play roles in regulating the mechanical structure and dynamics of cells. While MTs appear to be highly ordered structures, recent data suggest some randomness in their structure and dynamics. Part of this inherent randomness is attributed to errors and correction mechanisms are being investigated to overcome these ‘mistakes.’ However, this randomness may also be part of the normal intracellular function of MTs. It is possible that random events in MT structure and dynamics may contribute to their normal function and may even be part of an improved efficacy mechanism. An alternative view, wherein MT and kinetochore errors are part of required cell plasticity, is also discussed. These data may further support the concept of randomness in biological pathways as part of self‐organization or accurate and enhanced function.
MicroRNA‐144‐3p suppressed TGF‐β1‐induced lung cancer cell invasion and adhesion by regulating the Src–Akt–Erk pathway
Authors: Jiang Wensheng , Xu Zhiying , Yu Lili , Che Jianpeng , Zhang Jie , Yang Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLung cancer remains a leading cause to cancer‐related death worldwide. The anti‐cancer ability of microRNA‐144‐3p has been reported in many cancer types. This study focused on the mechanisms underlying miR‐144‐3p in inhibiting lung cancer. The expression levels of miR‐144‐3p and steroid receptor coactivator (Src) in different lung cancer cell lines and those in bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) were compared. miR‐144‐3p mimic and siSrc were transfected into A549 cells. Under the conditions of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1). Small interfering transfection or TGF‐β1 treatment, cell invasive and adhesive abilities were analyzed by Transwell and cell adhesion assays. miR‐144‐3p inhibitor and siSrc were co‐transfected into A549 cells and the changes in cell invasion and adhesion were detected. The activation of Src–protein kinase B–extracellular‐regulated protein kinases (Src–Akt–Erk) pathway was determined using Western blot. The downregulated miR‐144‐3p and upregulated Src were generally detected in lung cancer cell lines and were the most significant genes in A549 cells. Both miR‐144‐3p overexpression and Src inhibition could obviously inhibit the invasion and adhesion abilities of A549 cells in the presence or absence of the effects of TGF‐β1. The inhibition of Src could block the promotive effects of miR‐144‐3p inhibitor and TGF‐β1 on cell invasion and adhesion. Furthermore, we found that miR‐144‐3p could negatively regulate the phosphorylation levels of Akt and Erk. Our data indicated the essential role of Src in the mechanisms underlying TGF‐β1‐induced cell invasion and adhesion of lung cancer, and that miR‐144‐3p could effectively suppress TGF‐β1‐induced aggressive lung cancer cells by regulating Src expression.
Extracorporeal life support in the multidisciplinary management of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Pozzi Matteo , Flagiello Michele , Armoiry Xavier , Generali Tommaso , Adamou Nouhou Kaled , Koffel Catherine , Schweizer Remi , Fellahi Jean Luc , Cuenin Leo , Cellier Guillaume , Green Lisa , Derimay Francois , Rioufol Gilles , Finet Gerard , Obadia Jean Francois 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the results of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a single‐center experience.BackgroundCardiogenic shock is still a leading cause of death for AMI. Conventional management carries mortality rates exceeding 50%. ECLS may be considered as a bridge to decision in the setting of AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock not responsive to standard management.MethodsWe performed an observational analysis of our local database. The primary end‐point was survival to hospital discharge. All variables were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors.ResultsBetween January 2007 and December 2017, 56 patients were supported for cardiogenic shock complicating AMI. The mean age was 56.7 years and 89.3% were males. Baseline characteristics were comparable between both groups. Of the 50 primary percutaneous coronary interventions that were attempted, 44 (88.0%) were successful. Twenty‐three (41.1%) patients died during ECLS support. The complications’ rate during ECLS support was comparable between both groups. Twenty‐eight (50%) patients were successfully weaned from ECLS after a mean support of 8.7 days. Eight (14.3%) patients eventually died after weaning before hospital discharge. Five (8.9%) patients could not be weaned from ECLS and were switched to a long‐term mechanical circulatory support. Overall survival to hospital discharge was 41.1% (n = 23). Eighteen (32.1%) patients were alive after a mean follow‐up of 38.0 ± 29.9 (range, 4.2–95.4) months.ConclusionsECLS should be considered as a therapeutic solution in the management of AMI‐related cardiogenic shock with a satisfactory short‐ and long‐term survival.
Challenges associated with treatment of left internal mammary artery graft thrombosis
Authors: Xenogiannis Iosif , Vemmou Evangelia , Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAcute occlusion of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft late after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is a rare and potentially life‐threatening complication. We describe a case of acute myocardial infarction 19 years after coronary artery bypass graft surgery due to acute occlusion of the distal anastomosis of a LIMA graft to the left anterior descending artery. Aspiration thrombectomy failed to remove the thrombus. Laser thrombectomy caused perforation. After drug‐eluting and covered stent implantation, antegrade TIMI 3 flow was restored with an uneventful postprocedural course.
Intraprocedural high‐degree atrioventricular block or complete heart block in transcatheter aortic valve replacement recipients with no prior intraventricular conduction disturbances
Authors: Junquera Lucía , Freitas‐Ferraz Afonso B. , Padrón Remigio , Silva Iria , Nunes Ferreira‐Neto Alfredo , Guimaraes Leonardo , Mohammadi Siamak , Morís Cesar , Philippon François , Rodés‐Cabau Josep 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundConduction disturbances are the most frequent complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, no data exists regarding the outcomes of intraprocedural high‐degree atrioventricular block (HAVB) or complete heart block (CHB) in patients without previous conduction disturbances.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of intraprocedural‐HAVB/CHB in patients without previous intraventricular conduction disturbances.MethodsThe occurrence of intraprocedural‐HAVB/CHB was assessed in 676 consecutive patients undergoing TAVR, and two groups were established according to its duration: persistent‐HAVB/CHB (PHAVB/CHB) and transient‐HAVB/CHB (THAVB/CHB), not present at the end of the procedure.ResultsIntraprocedural‐HAVB/CHB occurred in 50 patients (7.4%), being persistent in 32 (64.0%), and transient in 18 (36.0%). The use of Medtronic Corevalve Revalving System (MCRS) and a greater oversizing of the valve increased the risk of intraprocedural‐HAVB/CHB (p < 0.001). Permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) was more frequent in the PHAVB/CHB than in the THAVB/CHB group (96.9% vs. 33.3%; p < 0.001). At 1‐month follow‐up, the PHAVB/CHB group showed a 98% ventricular pacing rate (VPR) compared to 16% in the THAVB/CHB group (p < 0.001), and similar VPR were observed at 1‐year follow‐up (98% vs. 37%, p < 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased at 1‐year follow‐up in patients with PHAVB/CHB (−3.9 ± 1.8%, p = 0.003).ConclusionsIn TAVR recipients with no prior intraventricular conduction disturbances, intraprocedural‐HAVB/CHB occurred in 7.4% of cases. HAVB/CHB was persistent in most cases and determined a high rate of PPI post‐TAVR. Very high VPR at 1‐ and 12‐month follow‐up were observed, which in turn was associated with a negative effect on LVEF. These results support early PPI and close follow‐up in patients developing intraprocedural‐PHAVB/CHB.
Effect of barrel temperature and feed moisture on the physical properties of chickpea–sorghum and chickpea–maize extrudates, and the functionality and nutritional value of their resultant flours—Part II
Authors: Wang Shuyang , Nosworthy Matthew G. , House James D. , Ai Yongfeng , Hood‐Niefer Shannon , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe effect of barrel temperature (120 and 150°C, held constant in zones 4–6) and feed moisture (20% and 24%) on the physical properties of chickpea–sorghum (CS) and chickpea–maize (CM) extrudates, and the functional and nutritional properties (protein quality) of their flours were examined.FindingsTemperature had a greater effect on the physical properties than moisture for both blends, where, in general, extrusion at 150°C resulted in greater expansion, less hardness, and lower bulk density than at 120°C. Extrusion also increased the water‐holding capacity relative to the raw CS and CM blends, but had an adverse effect on oil‐holding capacity, foaming, and emulsifying properties. Pasting viscosities of precooked flours were also lowered by 8 to 37 times due to the pregelatinization of the starch. Although in vitro protein digestibility increased after extrusion, the in vitro protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) showed an overall reduction relative to the raw blended flours due to the reduction of the primary limiting amino acid lysine during extrusion.ConclusionsOnly the chickpea–maize blend extruded at 120°C at either 20% or 24% moisture had higher in vitro PDCAAS than the raw blend, with only the one with 24% moisture having a value >0.70.Significance and noveltyA balance between functionality and protein quality needs to be considered when using extruded pulse–cereal blends.
Hydrosilylative Reduction of Tertiary Amides to Amines Catalyzed by N‐(Phosphinoaryl)anilido Complexes of Iron and Cobalt
Authors: Hale Dylan J. , Murphy Luke J. , McDonald Robert , Ferguson Michael J. , Turculet Laura 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterization of low‐coordinate Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes supported by the monoanionic P,N‐ligand N‐(2‐dicyclohexylphosphinophenyl)‐2,6‐diisopropylanilide are described. A three‐coordinate (P,N)Fe‐hexamethyldisilazide complex (2), and four‐coordinate (P,N)Fe‐ (3‐Fe) and (P,N)Co‐alkyl (3‐Co) complexes were evaluated as pre‐catalysts for the hydrosilylative reduction of amides with PhSiH3 (5 mol % pre‐catalyst, 1 equiv. PhSiH3, 80 °C, 1–24 h). The Fe complex 2 proved to be more broadly effective for the reduction of a variety of tertiary amide substrates, and was shown to mediate the reduction of N,N‐dibenzylbenzamide at a loading of 1 mol %, to achieve near quantitative formation of tribenzylamine in 1 h (80 °C). Complex 2 also proved effective for the hydrosilylation of tertiary amides under ambient conditions (5 mol % Fe, 24 h), which is a unique example of room temperature amide hydrosilylation mediated by an Fe catalyst without the need for photochemical activation. Given the widespread use of amide reduction protocols in synthesis, the development of efficient Fe‐based catalysts that operate under mild conditions is an important target.
New Insight into the “Shuttle Mechanism” of Rechargeable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Jingdong , Chen Hui , Chen Wenda , Zhang Yurong , Zheng Yuanhui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries have become an appealing candidate for low‐cost and high‐energy‐density power sources. It is generally believed that the “shuttle effect” in Li/S batteries causes serious performance degradation, such as low coulombic efficiency, sulfur loss, and so on. Here, we report a new mechanism based on the disproportionation reactions of polysulfides (PSs) to explain the rapid fading of capacity in Li/S batteries. Two different electrolytes (i. e., a carbonate‐based electrolyte and an ether‐based electrolyte) were adopted to study the disproportionation mechanism. We found that elemental sulfur was reprecipitated on the surface of the cathodes, forming a passive layer. The passive layer formed in the carbonate‐based electrolyte is much denser than that formed in the ether‐based electrolyte, resulting in the faster capacity fading in the carbonate‐based electrolyte. The simulation of cathodic peaks and anodic peaks in CV profiles confirms the disproportionation reaction of PSs in the ether‐based electrolyte. The electrochemical behavior of these Li/S batteries are well explained by an EC mechanism that involves an electron transfer reaction followed by a reversible disproportionation reaction. It is found that the disproportionation of PSs plays a more important role than the shuttle effect during the initial stage of the charge/discharge process.
Boomerang bias: Examining the effect of parental coresidence on Millennial financial behavior
Authors: Bentley Michael J. , Bogan Vicki L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMillennials, or those born between 1980 and 1998, face unique financial situations relative to the general population. With increasing levels of educational loans and debt, many choose to live with their parents as a means of financial support, thus resulting in differing financial behaviors when compared to Millennials who live independently. This paper analyzes the effect of parental coresidence on debt, asset ownership, and asset values. We find evidence linking parental coresidence with decreases in magnitude and likelihood of having debt, along with significant differences in “risky” and “safe” asset ownership and valuations. Moreover, we find causal evidence that parental coresidence is used as a mechanism to decrease general debt.
Phosphonium‐Ring‐Fused Bicyclic Metallafuran Complexes of Ruthenium and Osmium
Authors: Yeung Chi‐Fung , Chung Lai‐Hon , Ng Sze‐Wing , Shek Hau‐Lam , Tse Sheung‐Ying , Chan Siu‐Chung , Tse Man‐Kit , Yiu Shek‐Man , Wong Chun‐Yuen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetallafuran complexes with a fused five‐membered phosphonium ring were synthesized from reactions between terminal ynones HC≡C(C=O)R and cis‐[Ru/Os(dppm)2Cl2] (dppm=1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane). A metal–vinylidene‐involving pathway was found to be an energetically feasible formation mechanism for these complexes. These phosphonium‐containing metallafurans, like many phosphonium‐functionalized drugs, have the ability to induce mitochondrial dysfunction. They also exhibit stronger cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines in comparison with their metal precursors and the classic anticancer drug cisplatin. Overall, this work provides structural and mechanistic insights for the rational design of functional metallacycles via activation of alkynes by RuII and OsII centers.
A GAP‐GTPase‐GDP‐Pi Intermediate Crystal Structure Analyzed by DFT Shows GTP Hydrolysis Involves Serial Proton Transfers
Authors: Molt Robert W. , Pellegrini Erika , Jin Yi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCell signaling by small G proteins uses an ON to OFF signal based on conformational changes following the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and release of dihydrogen phosphate (Pi). The catalytic mechanism of GTP hydrolysis by RhoA is strongly accelerated by a GAP protein and is now well defined, but timing of inorganic phosphate release and signal change remains unresolved. We have generated a quaternary complex for RhoA‐GAP‐GDP‐Pi. Its 1.75 Å crystal structure shows geometry for ionic and hydrogen bond coordination of GDP and Pi in an intermediate state. It enables the selection of a QM core for DFT exploration of a 20 H‐bonded network. This identifies serial locations of the two mobile protons from the original nucleophilic water molecule, showing how they move in three rational steps to form a stable quaternary complex. It also suggests how two additional proton transfer steps can facilitate Pi release.