bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox potential changes during ATP‐dependent corrinoid reduction determined by redox titrations with europium(II)–DTPA
Authors: Dürichen Hendrike , Diekert Gabriele , Studenik Sandra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCorrinoids are essential cofactors of enzymes involved in the C1 metabolism of anaerobes. The active, super‐reduced [CoI] state of the corrinoid cofactor is highly sensitive to autoxidation. In O‐demethylases, the oxidation to inactive [CoII] is reversed by an ATP‐dependent electron transfer catalyzed by the activating enzyme (AE). The redox potential changes of the corrinoid cofactor, which occur during this reaction, were studied by potentiometric titration coupled to UV/visible spectroscopy. By applying europium(II)–diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a reductant, we were able to determine the midpoint potential of the [CoII]/[CoI] couple of the protein‐bound corrinoid cofactor in the absence and presence of AE and/or ATP. The data revealed that the transfer of electrons from a physiological donor to the corrinoid as the electron‐accepting site is achieved by increasing the potential of the corrinoid cofactor from −530 ± 15 mV to −250 ± 10 mV (ESHE, pH 7.5). The first 50 to 100 mV of the shift of the redox potential seem to be caused by the interaction of nucleotide‐bound AE with the corrinoid protein or its cofactor. The remaining 150–200 mV had to be overcome by the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis. The experiments revealed that Eu(II)–DTPA, which was already known as a powerful reducing agent, is a suitable electron donor for titration experiments of low‐potential redox centers. Furthermore, the results of this study will contribute to the understanding of thermodynamically unfavorable electron transfer processes driven by the power of ATP hydrolysis.
The antimicrobial peptide database provides a platform for decoding the design principles of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Wang Guangshun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article is written for the 2020 tool issue of Protein Science. It briefly introduces the widely used antimicrobial peptide database, initially online in 2003. After a description of the main features of each database version and some recent additions, the focus is on the peptide design parameters for each of the four unified classes of natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The amino acid signature in AMPs varies substantially, leading to a variety of structures for functional and mechanistic diversity. Also, Nature is a master of combinatorial chemistry by deploying different amino acids onto the same structural scaffold to tune peptide functions. In addition, the single‐domain AMPs may be posttranslationally modified, self‐assembled, or combined with other AMPs for function. Elucidation of the design principles of natural AMPs will facilitate future development of novel molecules for various applications.
A pilot study of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) dynamics in men undergoing treatment for advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Piana Danilo , Eshleman James R. , Riel Stacy , Denmeade Samuel R. , Isaacsson Velho Pedro , Rowe Steven P. , Pomper Martin G. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Luo Jun , Eisenberger Mario A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundProstate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a rational target for noninvasive detection of recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) and for therapy of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with PSMA‐targeted agents. Here we conducted serial measurements of PSMA expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to evaluate patterns of longitudinal PSMA dynamics over the course of multiple sequential therapies.MethodsA retrospective investigation of men with mCRPC undergoing evaluation at medical oncology clinics at our institution assessed the dynamics of PSMA expression in the context of different systemic treatments administered sequentially. Eligibility included patients who began systemic therapies with androgen receptor (AR)‐directed agents or taxane agents for whom peripheral blood samples were tested for CTC mRNA of AR splice variant‐7 (AR‐V7), prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), and PSMA (with >2 CTC + results) in a CLIA‐accredited laboratory.ResultsFrom August 2015 to November 2017, we identified 96 eligible men. Fifteen had greater than or equal to 2 sequential therapies and evaluable CTC samples, greater than or equal to 1 expressing PSMA (PSMA+). Among the 15 patients included in this analysis, a total of 54 PSMA status evaluations were performed in the context of 48 therapies during a median follow‐up of 18 months. At baseline, PSMA signal was detected (“positive”) in 11 of 15 (73.3%) patients, while for 4 of 15 (26.7%) patients PSMA signal was undetectable (“negative”). In all but two patients, the baseline collection corresponded with a change in treatment. On the second assessment, PSMA increases were detected in all 4/4 (100%) PSMA‐negative patients and 8 of 11 (72.7%) PSMA‐positive patients. PSMA significantly decreased in a patient treated with 177Lu‐PSMA‐617. Serum PSA declines were seen in 7 of 8 (88%) of the treatment periods where PSMA decreased.ConclusionsPSMA expression in CTCs is a dynamic marker. PSMA transcript declines appear to be associated with concurrent decreases in serum PSA. Sequential CTC sampling could provide a noninvasive response assessment to systemic treatment for mCRPC.
The effect of adolescent inhalant abuse on energy balance and growth
Authors: Crossin Rose , Qama Ashleigh , Andrews Zane B. , Lawrence Andrew J. , Duncan Jhodie R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe abuse of volatile solvents such as toluene is a significant public health concern, predominantly affecting adolescents. To date, inhalant abuse research has primarily focused on the central nervous system; however, inhalants also exert effects on other organ systems and processes, including metabolic function and energy balance. Adolescent inhalant abuse is characterized by a negative energy balance phenotype, with the peak period of abuse overlapping with the adolescent growth spurt. There are multiple components within the central and peripheral regulation of energy balance that may be affected by adolescent inhalant abuse, such as impaired metabolic signaling, decreased food intake, altered dietary preferences, disrupted glucose tolerance and insulin release, reduced adiposity and skeletal density, and adrenal hypertrophy. These effects may persist into abstinence and adulthood, and the long‐term consequences of inhalant‐induced metabolic dysfunction are currently unknown. The signs and symptoms resulting from chronic adolescent inhalant abuse may result in a propensity for the development of adult‐onset metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, however, further research investigating the long‐term effects of inhalant abuse upon energy balance and metabolism are needed. This review addresses several aspects of the short‐ and long‐term effects of inhalant abuse relating to energy and metabolic processes, including energy balance, intake and expenditure; dietary preferences and glycemic control; and the dysfunction of metabolic homeostasis through altered adipose tissue, bone, and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis function.
Taming the wild river rapids: How process safety can apply outside the process industries
Authors: Kerin Trish 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOn the 25th October 2016, the Thunder River Rapids ride at Dreamworld on Australia's Gold Coast suffered a pump failure, resulting in the tragic deaths of four riders. This incident was investigated by the police and later a coronial inquest to determine how a tragedy like this could occur. As a process safety professional, it was interesting to follow the coronial inquest findings and then think about how process safety management may have helped to prevent this incident. Assuming that a process safety event can be defined as a high consequence or potential consequence low likelihood loss of control event, this incident had all the hallmarks. Therefore, it is possible to apply the IChemE Safety Centre (ISC) framework for process safety to identify where the system failed and understand how it could be averted in future. This article will explore various elements of the incident and how process safety management techniques may have helped, including that the ride had been modified to be different from all other similar rides, that the staff did not know how to stop the ride in an emergency and that all means to stop the ride required manual detection and intervention, with no alarms or shut down systems installed.
Spin Entangled State Transfer in Quantum Dot Arrays: Coherent Adiabatic and Speed‐Up Protocols
Authors: Ban Yue , Chen Xi , Kohler Sigmund , Platero Gloria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLong‐distance transfer of quantum states is an indispensable part of large‐scale quantum information processing. A novel scheme for the transfer of two‐electron entangled states from one edge of a quantum dot array to the other by coherent adiabatic passage is proposed. This protocol is mediated by pulsed tunneling barriers. In a second step, a speed up is sought for by shortcut to adiabaticity techniques. This significantly reduces the operation time and, thus, minimizes the impact of decoherence. For typical parameters of state‐of‐the‐art solid state devices, the accelerated protocol has an operation time in the nanosecond range and terminates before a major coherence loss sets in. The scheme represents a promising candidate for entanglement transfer in solid state quantum information processing.
How to pursue a sustainable happiness in prison communities: An Italian case study
Authors: Cosimato Silvia , Faggini Marisa , Del Prete Marzia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHappiness is common, but multifaceted concept, which attracted over the time the interest of many different scholars. In the last decades, happiness has been coupled with sustainability, boosting an interdisciplinary research and policy development, pointing to ascertain the drivers of individual, communities, and global well‐being or the so‐called sustainable happiness. This study aims at contributing to the debate on sustainable happiness, focusing on the importance that both individual and collective characteristics can have on the long‐lasting happiness of community. To this end, a qualitative analysis has been conducted; thus, an explorative case study has been presented and discussed. The achieved results offers some interesting theoretical and policy implications for the further improvement of individual and collective happiness in communities, such as prisons.
Dynamic wind response of tall buildings using artificial neural network
Authors: Nikose T.J. , Sonparote R.S. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper presents an alternative approach for predicting the dynamic wind response of tall buildings using artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model was developed, trained, and validated based on the data generated in the context of Indian Wind Code (IWC), IS 875 (Part 3):2015. According to the IWC, dynamic wind responses can be calculated for a specific configuration of buildings. The dynamic wind loads and their corresponding responses of structures other than the specified configurations in IWC have to be estimated by wind tunnel tests or computational techniques, which are expensive and time intensive. Alternatively, ANN is an efficient and economical computational analysis tool that can be implemented to estimate the dynamic wind response of a building. In this paper, ANN models were developed to predict base shear and base bending moment of a tall building in along‐ and across‐wind direction by giving the input as the configuration of the building, wind velocity, and terrain category. Multilayer perceptron ANN models with back‐propagation training algorithm was adopted. On comparison of results, it was found that the predicted values obtained from the ANN models and the calculated responses acquired using IWC standards are almost similar. Using the best fit model of ANN, an extensive parametric study was performed to predict the dynamic wind response of tall buildings for the configurations on which IWC is silent. Based on the results obtained from this study, design charts are developed for the prediction of dynamic wind response of tall buildings.
Improving nature of science instruction in elementary classes with modified science trade books and educative curriculum materials
Authors: Brunner Jeanne L. , Abd‐El‐Khalick Fouad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of including explicit nature of science (NOS) content in read‐alouds of elementary science trade books on the teaching and learning of NOS. We focused on three aspects of NOS: the creative, the empirical, and the inferential NOS. The trade books were read aloud by teachers in three hierarchical levels: Level I served as a control and consisted of a trade book that remained unmodified, Level II consisted of a trade book that had been modified to include explicit references to NOS, and Level III consisted of a modified trade book accompanied by educative curriculum materials that were aimed at improving the teachers' views of NOS as well as supporting teaching about NOS. We used the Views of Nature of Science Questionnaire‐form CE (VNOS‐CE) preintervention and postintervention to determine changes in teachers' views of NOS and interviews preintervention and postintervention to determine changes in students' views. Audio recordings of read‐alouds were used to determine changes in teaching practice, including the frequency and the quality (i.e., naïve or informed) of the NOS references in the discussions. Interviews were used to determine teachers' perceptions of the modified trade books and educative curriculum materials. We found that both teachers and students developed more informed views of the targeted NOS aspects after the intervention and that teachers addressed NOS more often, and in a more informed manner, when they had trade books that explicitly supported NOS instruction and educative curriculum materials that supported their learning about NOS. Furthermore, they perceived the intervention materials favorably. Teachers' views and practices were able to change in tandem because of the intervention materials that supported explicit NOS instruction. We highlight the need for more widespread development of similar educative curriculum materials.
Trends in food prepared outside the home in some Asian countries
Authors: Dawe David , Briones Roehlano , Hassan Nazmul , Hermanto  , Huang Jikun , Ganesh Kumar A. , Nguyen Le Hoa , Saliem Handewi P. , Shaheen Nazma , Truong Thi Thu Trang , Wichitaksorn Nuttanan , Bloem Sunniva 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUrbanization and increasing income per capita in Asian countries are leading to an increasing opportunity cost of time and increasing consumer demand for easier food preparation. One manifestation of this shift in demand is an increase in eating food prepared outside the home. The objectives of this paper are (a) to gather and analyze data on trends in expenditures on food prepared away from home and (b) to understand how these trends might be affecting estimates of rice consumption. The data from national household surveys of seven countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam and China) were analyzed. The results suggest a positive income elasticity of demand in urban areas and for most countries in East and Southeast Asia, although trends are different in South Asia. Eating out appears to be more common in China and Southeast Asia than in South Asia, even after controlling for income. Constructing estimates of rice eaten outside the home is difficult, and better data collection is essential as it becomes more common to eat food prepared outside the home.
Trends in food and rice eaten away from home in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Le Hoa , Truong Thi Thu Trang , Nguyen Thi Thuy 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study analyzes Vietnam's food and rice consumption, especially rice consumption outside home using Vietnam households living standard surveys data 2002–2014. Our study estimates consumption of rice and rice products, not rice alone as in previous studies. The study also assesses how income affects households' rice consumption at home and away from home. Our results show as household income increases, food and rice shares in household total expenditure decrease. Food and rice expenditures outside home increase with household's wealth. Rice consumption away from home of urban residents is higher than in rural areas. There is an increasing trend of purchasing rice and downward trend of rice self‐sufficiency in poorer groups in rural areas. Regression results indicate that income has an effect on rice consumption. It confirms the declining trend of rice consumption at home and the rising trend of rice consumption outside home for richer group in Vietnam recently.
How to get away with nonsense: Mechanisms and consequences of escape from nonsense‐mediated RNA decay
Authors: Dyle Michael C. , Kolakada Divya , Cortazar Michael A. , Jagannathan Sujatha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNonsense‐mediated RNA decay (NMD) is an evolutionarily conserved RNA quality control process that serves both as a mechanism to eliminate aberrant transcripts carrying premature stop codons, and to regulate expression of some normal transcripts. For a quality control process, NMD exhibits surprising variability in its efficiency across transcripts, cells, tissues, and individuals in both physiological and pathological contexts. Whether an aberrant RNA is spared or degraded, and by what mechanism, could determine the phenotypic outcome of a disease‐causing mutation. Hence, understanding the variability in NMD is not only important for clinical interpretation of genetic variants but also may provide clues to identify novel therapeutic approaches to counter genetic disorders caused by nonsense mutations. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of NMD variability and the mechanisms that allow certain transcripts to escape NMD despite the presence of NMD‐inducing features.This article is categorized under:
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Development of a small X‐ray source using an ultraviolet laser and pyroelectric crystal
Authors: Minami Kazuyuki , Ishida Toshiyuki , Asada Yasuki , Shirakawa Seiji , Kobayashi Masanao , Suzuki Shoichi , Konishi Tomimasa , Mimura Hidenori 
Published: July 2019

We investigate a miniaturized X‐ray source using an ultraviolet (UV) laser and a pyroelectric crystal and discuss potential applications in medicine. The UV laser is the fourth harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 266 nm, repetition rate of 10 Hz, and pulse energy of 40 mJ. The pyroelectric crystal is a LiNbO3 cylinder of diameter 10 mm and length 6 mm. The prototype X‐ray source we fabricated is an aluminum parallelepiped of dimensions 3 × 3 × 5 cm. The X‐ray count rate of the X‐ray source is maximized at approximately 1,400 cps for UV laser irradiation of approximately 5 min. After 30 min of irradiation by the UV laser, the temperature of the pyroelectric crystal rose from 295 K to 312 K. The principles of X‐ray generation ensure that X‐ray sources using UV lasers and pyroelectric crystals offer ample opportunity for miniaturization.We believe the X‐ray source developed in this work is suitable for medical applications, although further study is needed to address points such as increasing the X‐ray count rate and adjusting the temperature of the pyroelectric crystal.
Dynamics of a hybrid vibro‐impact nonlinear energy sink
Authors: Farid M. , Gendelman O. V. , Babitsky V. I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNonlinear energy sink (NES) is widely studied as a solution for energy harvesting and vibration mitigation problems under periodic, impulsive and stochastic excitations. Current work treats the dynamics of hybrid vibro‐impact NES (HVI‐NES) attached to a linear primary structure as a passive energy absorber (PES). Due to being a hybridization between the traditional tuned mass damper (TMD) and vibro‐impact NES (VI‐NES), the HVI‐NES exhibits improved energy absorption performance under impulsive excitation in terms of broader energy range. The system parameters are tuned a priori, so for small energies, the HVI‐NES acts like the TMD, and for high energies, it acts as a VI‐NES. Hence, relatively large energy range is covered. This feature, along with the absence of any nonlinear spring and simplicity of the design, makes this system attractive for possible energy harvesting applications. The NES exhibits rich dynamics, consisting of sustained linear oscillations, sustained impacts of various frequencies, and alternating transition between both regimes. The slow flow dynamics of the nonlinear regimes is described analytically using an approximated relation between the HVI‐NES energy and frequency, and with the help of the concept of slow invariant manifold (SIM). The analytical results are supported by numerical verifications.Numerical optimization is applied for increasing values of impulsive excitation energy, and proves improved energy harvesting performances for a broad energy range.
Interactive verification of architectural design patterns in FACTum
Authors: Marmsoler Diego , Gidey Habtom Kashay 
Published: July 2019

AbstractArchitectural design patterns (ADPs) are architectural solutions to common architectural design problems. They are an important concept in software architectures used for the design and analysis of architectures. An ADP usually constrains the design of an architecture and, in turn, guarantees some desired properties for architectures implementing it. Sometimes, however, the constraints imposed by an ADP do not lead to the claimed guarantee. Thus, applying such patterns for the design of architectures might result in architectures which do not fulfill their intended requirements. To address this problem, we propose an approach for the verification of ADPs, based on interactive theorem proving. To this end, we introduce a model for dynamic architectures and a language for the specification of ADPs over this model. Moreover, we propose a framework for the interactive verification of such specifications based on Isabelle/HOL. In addition we describe an algorithm to map a specifi cation to a corresponding Isabelle/HOL theory over our framework. To evaluate the approach, we implement it in Eclipse/EMF and use it for the verification of four ADPs: variants of the Singleton, the Publisher-Subscriber, the Blackboard pattern, and a pattern for Blockchain architectures. With our approach we complement traditional approaches for the verification of architectures, which are usually based on automatic verification techniques such as model checking.