bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nearby High-speed Stars in Gaia DR2
Authors: Bromley Benjamin C. , Kenyon Scott J. , Brown Warren R. , Geller Margaret J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We investigate the nature of nearby (10–15 kpc) high-speed stars in the Gaia DR2 archive identified on the basis of parallax, proper motion and radial velocity. Together with a consideration of their kinematic, orbital, and photometric properties, we develop a novel strategy for evaluating whether high-speed stars are statistical outliers of the bound population or unbound stars capable of escaping the Galaxy. Out of roughly 1.5 million stars with radial velocities, proper motions, and 5σ parallaxes, we identify just over 100 high-speed stars. Of these, only two have a nearly 100% chance of being unbound, with an indication that they are not just bound outliers; both are likely hyper-runaway stars. The rest of the high-speed stars are likely statistical outliers. We use the sample of high-speed stars to demonstrate that radial velocity alone provides a poor discriminant of nearby, unbound stars. However, these stars are efficiently identified from the tangential velocity, using just parallax and proper motion. Within the full Gaia DR2 archive of stars with 5σ parallax and proper motion but no radial velocity, we identify a sample of 19 with speeds significantly larger than the local escape speed of the Milky Way based on tangential motion alone.
A Comparison of Radiographic Joint Space Width Measurements Versus Ultrasonographic Assessment of Cartilage Thickness in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Pradsgaard Dan Østergaard , Hørlyck Arne , Spannow Anne Helene , Heuck Carsten , Herlin Troels 
Published: November 2018

Objective.Joint space narrowing (JSN) is a measurable outcome of tissue degeneration in arthritis. JSN is usually assessed by conventional radiography. Ultrasonographic (US) measurement of joint cartilage thickness has been validated in healthy children, and US measurement of the distal femoral cartilage has been validated in a group of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Our aim was to compare the measures of cartilage thickness of the proximal cartilage site in the second metacarpophalangeal (MCP), second proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and knee joints as assessed by US to joint space width (JSW) as measured by computerized radiography in children with JIA.Methods.The study included 74 children with JIA aged 5–15 years (median 11.3 yrs). MCP and PIP joints were assessed at one midline spot. Knee joints were assessed at the medial and lateral femoral condylar areas. Only the proximal cartilage site in the joints was assessed by US, whereas the complete JSW was assessed by radiography.Results.We assessed 136 second MCP, 138 second PIP, and 146 knee joints. We found a high level of agreement between US and radiographic measures of cartilage thickness and JSW: r = 0.82–0.86 (second MCP), r = 0.50–0.55 (second PIP), and r = 0.52–0.81 (knee); p < 0.001 for all 8 assessed sites.Conclusion.US measurements of cartilage thickness of the proximal site of the second MCP, second PIP, and knee joints correlated well with radiographic JSW measurements in the finger and knee joints of children with JIA. However, US does not measure the distal cartilage, which may limit its use in the assessment of JSN.
Fertility and Ovarian Reserve among Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Eudy Amanda M. , McDaniel Gary , Hurd William W. , Clowse Megan E.B. 
Published: November 2018

Objective.We sought to identify causes for infertility in women with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Women with RA were matched to healthy controls. Differences in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and anovulation were analyzed.Results.Women with RA had lower AMH (β −1.05, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.005), but no difference was observed when AMH was log-transformed. No difference in anovulation was observed. Infertility prevalence was similar between groups, primarily attributable to polycystic ovary syndrome in healthy controls but largely unexplained in women with RA.Conclusion.AMH was lower in women with RA, but reasons for infertility among women with RA remain unknown.
Epithelioid Sarcoma Presenting as Recurrent Thumb Ulcer: A Lesson to Learn
Authors: Rajeev Lakkavalli Krishnappa , Asati Vikas , Mallekavu Suresh Babu , Babu K Govind , Champka G 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEpithelioid sarcoma (ES) first described by Enzinger in 1970,1 is a rare soft-tissue sarcoma typically presenting as a subcutaneous or deep dermal mass in distal portions of the extremities of adolescents and young adults. They are frequently mistaken for ulcers, abscesses, or infected warts that fail medical management. Patients often develop multiple local recurrences of long duration, with subsequent metastases in 30%–50% of cases.2 We here report a case of left thumb ES that presented as an ulcer and subsequently metastasized to the forearm, arm, axillary lymph nodes, and lungs.
Revised Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Working Group Consensus Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management of Primary Myelofibrosis, Polycythemia Vera, and Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Agarwal Mohan B , Malhotra Hemant , Chakarborti Prantar , Varma Neelam , Mathews Vikram , Bhattacharyya Jina , Seth Tulika , Gyathri K , Menon Hari , Subramanian P G , Sharma Ajay K , Bhattacharyya Maitreyee , Mehta Jay , Shah Sandeep , Gogoi P K , Nair Reena , Agarwal Usha , Varma Subhash , Prasad S V V S , Mishra Deepak K 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal disorders, derived from abnormal hematopoietic stem cells and result in an excessive production of blood cells. This MPN group of conditions encompasses different diseases with overlapping clinical and biologic similarities. The majority of the conventional therapies of MPN are palliative in nature. However, with the discovery of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation and development of targeted JAK1/2 inhibition therapy, the therapeutic options in treatment landscape have changed dramatically. This article presents the revised Indian MPNs Working Group consensus recommendations. It highlights and brings into attention about the recent findings that have defined the state of the art of the diagnosis and therapy in the MPN area, including identification of the new driver and prognostic mutations, treatment goals in the management of myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera (PV), role of the recently approved, targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib in PV, and special issues such MPN consideration in patients with splenic vein thrombosis and the management of the disease in pregnancy.
Opportunistic Screening for Detection and Socio-epidemiological Risk Assessment of Oral Cancer Patients in Rural Jodhpur, India
Authors: Meena Jitendra Kumar , Verma Anjana , Upadhyay Sandeep Kumar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground: Globally, India has a high burden (20%) of oral cancer with 1% prevalence of premalignant lesions. Most cases are attributed to modifiable risk factors such as substance abuse (tobacco and alcohol), dietary deficiencies, and environmental exposures (solar radiation and air pollution) aggravated by delayed detection and care especially in rural areas. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the risk factors of oral cancer pathogenesis among the rural residents of Jodhpur, India, through opportunistic oral screening approach at primary care facilities. Methodology: An unmatched case–control study was done at two randomly chosen rural health centres in Jodhpur, India. A total of 84 cases and 168 controls were included during 6 months study period (2016). Randomly selected outpatient department attendees were interviewed and screened for oral cancer and premalignant lesions. A structured questionnaire interview along with comprehensive oral, head and neck examination was conducted. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, and confidentiality of data was maintained. Results: The majority of the study participants were rural residents (82.9%) with poor socioeconomic status. Opportunistic oral screening revealed a variety of cancerous and precancerous lesions. Most common case pathologies were submucosal fibrosis (40.5%), inadequate mouth opening (35.7%), cheek bites (28.6%), leukoplakia (23.8%) etc. Multivariate analysis suggested that tobacco intake (adjusted odds ratio = 13.6, P ≤ 0.01) dietary deficiency (7.4, <0.01), oral sepsis (7.0, <0.01), oral lesions (6.8, <0.01), and sun radiation exposure (9.5, <0.01) were significantly associated with oral cancer pathology. Conclusion: The study provides strong evidence that tobacco, dietary deficiency, oral sepsis and lesions, and sun radiation exposure are independent risk factors for oral cancer. It also reiterates the importance and application of opportunistic oral cancer screening at primary care level.
Assessment of Potential Drug–Drug Interactions in an Oncology Unit of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Vayalil Ramya Kuzhikattu , Shetty K Jayarama , Mateti Uday Venkat 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Context: Drug interactions are more common in cancer patients because they consume several medicines such as hormonal substances, anticancer drugs, and adjuvant drugs to treat comorbidities. Objectives: To assess the pattern of potential drug–drug interactions (pDDIs) in an oncology unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for 8 months (August 2016 to March 2017). Data on drugs were collected by reviewing the patients’ medical records. The drug interactions fact software version such as Micromedex electronic database system, drugs.com interaction checker, and Medscape multidrug interaction checker tool were used to identify and analyze the pattern of pDDIs. Results: A total of 180 patients were enrolled during the study period. Among them, 152 study patients had 84.44% of pDDIs. Male predominance (64.4%) was noted over female (35.6%). According to the severity of classification of pDDIs, majority of them were moderate (63.1%) followed by major (26.1%) and minor (10.1%) interactions. The interactions that potentially cause QT interval prolongation and irregular heartbeat were the common outcomes of pDDIs. Conclusions: The incidence of pDDIs among cancer patients was 84.44%. The most common interacting drug pair in the study population was found to be dexamethasone + aprepitant [41 (26.9%)] followed by cisplatin + dexamethasone [32 (21.05%)] and other interacting pairs. To avoid harmful effects, screening of pDDIs should take place before administering the therapy.
Tits Triangles
Authors: Mühlherr Bernhard , Weiss Richard M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA Tits polygon is a bipartite graph in which the neighborhood of every vertex is endowed with an “opposition relation” satisfying certain properties. Moufang polygons are precisely the Tits polygons in which these opposition relations are all trivial. There is a standard construction that produces a Tits polygon whose opposition relations are not all trivial from an arbitrary pair $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5},T)$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$ is a building of type $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$ is a spherical, irreducible Coxeter diagram of rank at least $3$, and $T$ is a Tits index of absolute type $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$ and relative rank $2$. A Tits polygon is called $k$-plump if its opposition relations satisfy a mild condition that is satisfied by all Tits triangles coming from a pair $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5},T)$ such that every panel of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$ has at least $k+1$ chambers. We show that a $5$-plump Tits triangle is parametrized and uniquely determined by a ring $R$ that is alternative and of stable rank $2$. We use the connection between Tits triangles and the theory of Veldkamp planes as developed by Veldkamp and Faulkner to show existence.
Global IWV trends and variability in atmospheric reanalyses and GPS observations
Authors: Parracho Ana C. , Bock Olivier , Bastin Sophie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. This study investigates the means, variability, and trends in
integrated water vapour (IWV) from two modern reanalyses (ERA-Interim and
MERRA-2) from 1980 to 2016 and ground-based GPS data from 1995 to 2010. It is
found that the mean distributions and inter-annual variability in IWV in the
reanalyses and GPS are consistent, even in regions of strong gradients.
ERA-Interim is shown to exhibit a slight moist bias in the extra-tropics and
a slight dry bias in the tropics (both on the order of 0.5 to 1 kg m−2)
compared to GPS. ERA-Interim is also generally drier than MERRA-2 over the
ocean and within the tropics. Differences in variability and trends are pointed
out at a few GPS sites. These differences can be due to representativeness
errors (for sites located in coastal regions and regions of complex topography),
gaps and inhomogeneities in the GPS series (due to equipment changes), or
potential inhomogeneities in the reanalyses (due
to changes in the observing system). Trends in
IWV and surface temperature in ERA-Interim and MERRA-2 are shown to be
consistent, with positive IWV trends generally correlated with surface
warming, but MERRA-2 presents a more general global moistening trend compared
to ERA-Interim. Inconsistent trends are found between the two reanalyses over
Antarctica and most of the Southern Hemisphere, and over central and northern
Africa. The uncertainty in current reanalyses remains quite high in these
regions, where few in situ observations are available, and the spread between
models is generally important. Inter-annual and decadal variations in IWV are
also shown to be strongly linked with variations in the atmospheric
circulation, especially in arid regions, such as northern Africa and Western
Australia, which add uncertainty in the trend estimates, especially over the
shorter period. In these regions, the Clausius–Clapeyron scaling ratio is
found not to be a good humidity proxy for inter-annual variability and decadal
trends.
2018/31 Working as a ‘relief parent’ for a child protection association falls within the scope of the Working Time Directive and the Finnish Working Hours Act (FI)
Authors: Nurminen Janne 
Published: November 2018

2018/31 Working as a ‘relief parent’ for a child protection association falls within the scope of the Working Time Directive and the Finnish Working Hours Act (FI)
In its follow-up judgment to the ECJ’s preliminary ruling in the Hälvä case (C-175/16), the Finnish Supreme Court has held that ‘relief parents’ relieving foster parents in a child protection association on the latter’s holidays fall within the scope of the Finnish Working Hours Act even though the work was performed in the homes provided by the association for the children to live in. Therefore, the relief parents were entitled to the rights guaranteed by the Act (subject to the fact that some of their claims had expired).
Social Collectives: A Partial Form of Organizing that Sustains Social Innovation1
Authors: Crespin-Mazet Florence , Goglio-Primard Karine , Grenier Corinne 
Published: November 2018

We mobilize the organizational and practice-based literature to determine the mechanisms enabling a social collective to introduce innovation in public rescue. The case highlights how this collective acquired characteristics of a partial organization by: (1) emergent characteristics reacting to critical incidents, (2) an overarching agenda supporting actors participation, (3) complementarity of exclusion and inclusion membership practices to enforce collective identity and reach a critical mass, (4) recognition of collective actorhood through reification practices, (5) the role of a secretariat through theorizing and developing close but discrete relationships with an external actor with critical expertise and resources.
L’instrumentation des tensions de gouvernance publique (TGP) : l’exemple des simplifications des indicateurs dans le système universitaire français1
Authors: Mériade Laurent 
Published: November 2018

Après 7 à 8 ans de mise en oeuvre de gestion par les résultats dans les universités françaises, il est possible d’identifier certains écarts entre les finalités officielles des mesures de la performance et les pratiques réelles.
Le cadre d’analyse de la « théorie de l’appropriation » identifie trois valeurs d’appropriation des outils de gestion. En étudiant les articulations entre ces valeurs, notre objectif de recherche vise à décrire les formes dynamiques d’appropriation des outils de gestion publique.
Nos premiers résultats démontrent l’existence, dans les universités françaises, autour de ces valeurs d’appropriation, de simplifications des indicateurs de performance répondant à des tensions de gouvernance publique et décrivant au moins trois niveaux dynamiques d’appropriation de ces outils.
Superconducting Electrical Rotating Machines
Authors: Qu Ronghai , Lin Feng , Cheng Yi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article introduces superconducting (SC) machines and their main advantages over conventional machines. Major topology options and their influence on machine performance are analyzed. The hybrid superconducting synchronous machines are introduced in terms of their main components, design consideration, and comparison with conventional machines. Then, distinct assembly units and the characteristics of superconducting machines are illustrated. Special topics inSCelectrical machines, including the current leads for low‐temperatureSCmagnets, short circuit faults,SCcoil insulation, and quench protection are considered. Potential applications and development trends of superconducting machines are also discussed.
Non‐Foster Matched Antennas
Authors: Jacob Minu Mariam , Long Jiang , Sievenpiper Daniel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNon‐Foster networks are those whose reactance has a negative slope with frequency, and can thus overcome bandwidth limitations of many passive systems using their unique impedance and phase properties. These active circuits can be used to provide broadband matching bandwidths for antennas, exceeding passive matching limitations. The design, simulation, and measurement of non‐Foster matched antennas has been presented to show broadband matching bandwidths. A further analysis of the true performance merit of non‐Foster matched antennas in receive applications and transmit applications has also been presented.
Physical Aging of Polymers
Authors: Cangialosi Daniele 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the most important aspects of physical aging of polymers. First, we briefly introduce basic concepts of the glass transition, that is, the way a nonequilibrium glass is formed. Subsequently, after presenting the way physical aging can be monitored, we describe the main well‐established signatures of physical aging, that is, its nonexponential and nonlinear nature. The next part of the article is dedicated to recent advancements in the physical aging of bulk polymers. In this context, recent experimental activity is discussed, where the existence of multiple mechanisms for equilibrium recovery is presented. In addition, important aspects of physical aging in polymers altered by geometrical confinement are scrutinized in light of the past 20 years efforts aiming to understand glass dynamics in such conditions. It is shown how confined polymers weakly interacting with the confining medium exhibit accelerated physical aging. Importantly, such acceleration was found to be decoupled from the molecular mobility of the glass. Finally, we briefly discuss how recent advancements in physical aging of polymers in bulk and under geometrical confinement should foster experimental efforts to unveil important basic aspects of the glass transition, such as the existence of the so‐called “ideal glass.”
Cellulose
Authors: French Alfred D. , Pérez Serge , Bulone Vincent , Rosenau Thomas , Gray Derek 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article covers nomenclature, sources, biosynthesis, preparation, uses, microcrystalline cellulose, structural chemistry, reactions, solvents, and liquid crystals. Cellulose for commercial purposes comes mostly from wood and cotton, whereas cellulose for research comes from bacteria, algae, and ramie (also a textile fiber). Preparation includes pulping and purification, with an alternative method of steam explosion. The pore structure of cellulose is mentioned. Emphasis is given to cellulose crystal structures. Cellulose solutions are important to the rayon and cellophane industries, and new solvents are of interest because they may lessen pollution and might permit commercial production of stronger cellulosic materials through the formation of liquid crystals. Common physical methods for assessment of cellulose structure are discussed. Figures include the chemical and physical structures of the molecule, sources of cellulose, biosynthesis charts, molecular weight distributions, crystallite sizes, X‐ray diffraction patterns, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, conformational energy plots, and the unit cell structures of cellulose I–IV.
Polymer Characterization: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Krinichnyi Victor I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAdvantages of multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with various methods—such as spin labels and probes, microwave saturation, and saturation transfer—for investigating various polymeric systems are presented. Paramagnetic centers that are stabilized and/or initiated as a nanoscope probe can provide detailed information about structure and dynamics of the microenvironment. Correlations of structural, morphological, and dynamic characteristics of polymer systems with magnetic, relaxation, and mobile properties of paramagnetic centers embedded into their bulk are also discussed.
High‐Throughput Synthesis of Polymers
Authors: Guerrero‐Sanchez Carlos , Zhang Junliang , Vitz Jürgen , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh‐throughput synthesis offers reliable experimental techniques for the rapid investigation of polymerization parameters as well as for the preparation of comprehensive polymer libraries with systematic variations for screening against different applications. This contribution summarizes the use of different high‐throughput methods available for the synthesis, characterization, and screening of polymeric materials. A critical viewpoint regarding the advantages, impact, current limitations, and future developments of these experimental techniques is also provided.
Involvement of the long noncoding RNA NEAT1 in carcinogenesis
Authors: Klec Christiane , Prinz Felix , Pichler Martin 
Published: November 2018

Altered expression levels of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear‐enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) have been reported in different types of cancer. More than half of the NEAT1 studies in cancer have been published within the last 2 years. In this review, we discuss very recent developments and insights into NEAT1 contribution to carcinogenesis. Summarizing the literature, it becomes obvious that NEAT1 is a lncRNA highly de‐/upregulated in a variety of cancer entities, in which it primarily acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) which sponges tumor‐suppressive microRNA (miRNA). The sponged miRNA lose their ability to degrade, silence, or hamper translation of their downstream—mostly oncogenic—target transcripts, ultimately promoting carcinogenesis. This role of NEAT1 function in tumorigenesis suggests it may be a prognostic biomarker as well as potential therapeutic target, pending the completion of further studies into the underlying mechanisms.