bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New tRNA contacts facilitate ligand binding in a
Mycobacterium smegmatis
T box riboswitch
Authors: Sherwood Anna V. , Frandsen Jane K. , Grundy Frank J. , Henkin Tina M. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
T box riboswitches regulate the expression of amino acid-related genes using a specific uncharged tRNA as their ligand. Previous work demonstrated that the conserved Stem II S-turn motif and Stem IIA/B pseudoknot element of the riboswitch are important for tRNA-dependent regulation; however, their function remained unknown. We identified contacts between these RNA elements and the tRNA ligand, providing evidence that they directly interact with tRNA. This represents an example of tRNA recognition by an S-turn motif or pseudoknot element, contributing to the understanding of alternative roles for tRNA and other RNA–RNA interactions. Furthermore, the novelty of these contacts makes them optimal targets for the ongoing development of antibiotics that target T box riboswitches.
Structural basis for the ethanol action on G-protein–activated inwardly rectifying potassium channel 1 revealed by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Toyama Yuki , Kano Hanaho , Mase Yoko , Yokogawa Mariko , Osawa Masanori , Shimada Ichio 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Ethanol exerts various functions by acting on ion channels in neural systems. Despite its biological importance, molecular mechanisms underlying the ethanol action remained unknown, due to the weak binding affinity and the dynamic nature of the interaction. Here, by using solution NMR techniques, we investigated the molecular interaction of ethanol with G-protein–activated inwardly rectifying potassium channel (GIRK), which is a physiologically relevant target of ethanol, and revealed that ethanol activates GIRK by shifting the conformational equilibrium of GIRK to stabilize the open conformation of the cytoplasmic ion gate. These findings provide structural insights into mechanisms of the ethanol action for various types of ethanol-sensitive signaling molecules and would facilitate the developments of pharmaceutical compounds targeting ion channels.
Light-induced dilation in nanosheets of charge-transfer complexes
Authors: Zhang Zhuolei , Remsing Richard C. , Chakraborty Himanshu , Gao Wenxiu , Yuan Guoliang , Klein Michael L. , Ren Shenqiang 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Photostrictive compounds are promising device materials because of their fundamental photophysical properties and light-induced strain applications. Although molecular charge-transfer crystals exhibiting light–matter interactions have been successfully deployed in optoelectronics, an air-stable molecular material that couples photons and electrons, achieving photostriction through the coupling of light and mechanical degrees of freedom, has not yet been discovered. Herein, we report a substantial light-induced dilation in a molecular material at room temperature, which is accompanied by simultaneous photocurrent generation. This finding opens avenues for coupling optical, electronic, and mechanical functionalities for possible use in remote wireless photoswitchable devices.
Anti–CTLA-4 therapy requires an Fc domain for efficacy
Authors: Ingram Jessica R. , Blomberg Olga S. , Rashidian Mohammad , Ali Lestat , Garforth Scott , Fedorov Elena , Fedorov Alexander A. , Bonanno Jeffrey B. , Le Gall Camille , Crowley Stephanie , Espinosa Camilo , Biary Tamara , Keliher Edmund J. , Weissleder Ralph , Almo Steven C. , Dougan Stephanie K. , Ploegh Hidde L. , Dougan Michael 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Ipilimumab, an antibody that recognizes cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4, was the first approved “checkpoint”-blocking anticancer therapy. In mice, the response to antibodies against CTLA-4 depends entirely on expression of the Fcγ receptor. We developed H11, an alpaca heavy chain-only antibody fragment against CTLA-4 that lacks an Fc portion and inhibits interactions between CTLA-4 and its ligand. By using H11 to visualize CTLA-4 expression in the whole animal, we found that accessible CTLA-4 is largely confined to the tumor; however, H11 treatment has minimal effects on antitumor responses. Installing the murine IgG2a constant region on H11 greatly enhances antitumor response. We were thus able to dissociate CTLA-4 blockade from CTLA-4–dependent receptor engagement as an explanation for the antitumor effect.
Inhibition of Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) induces natural killer cell-mediated eradication of hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Bugide Suresh , Green Michael R. , Wajapeyee Narendra 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role as a first line of immunological defense against tumor initiation. However, cancer cell intrinsic factors that regulate NK cell activity against cancer cells are not fully known. We performed a chemical genetics screen using small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic factors and identified Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as a key regulator of NK cell-mediated eradication of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. These results uncover a role of EZH2 in the regulation of NK cells as a mechanism to promote oncogenesis. EZH2 inhibitors are in clinical trials for treatment of EZH2 mutant lymphomas and solid tumors with INI1 deficiency. Our findings may guide uses of EZH2 inhibitors for cancer treatment and encourage their preclinical testing in immunocompetent hosts.
Everolimus rescues multiple cellular defects in laminopathy-patient fibroblasts
Authors: DuBose Amanda J. , Lichtenstein Stephen T. , Petrash Noreen M. , Erdos Michael R. , Gordon Leslie B. , Collins Francis S. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
The lamin proteins are an important component of the nuclear scaffold. Abnormal lamins can cause a variety of disorders called laminopathies, one of which is the premature aging disorder Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). Cells from HGPS patients show improvement when treated with rapamycin and everolimus. These drugs stimulate the cellular system that disposes of abnormal proteins. Several other laminopathies also produce abnormal lamin proteins, so we hypothesized that everolimus would also be beneficial. We treated cells from six different laminopathy patients with everolimus and saw improved nuclear shape in most cells. Treatment also increased the cells’ ability to multiply and delayed senescence. These results suggest that everolimus might have clinical benefit for multiple laminopathy syndromes.
Monteverdi, the 1610 Vespers and the Beginnings of the Modern Musical Work
Authors: Butt John 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe elevated status of Monteverdi's 1610 Vespers over the last century provides the starting point for an enquiry into which factors render it so durable. In going against the grain of recent attempts to discern the possible liturgical context for its original performance, this study claims that the collection as a whole (components of which undoubtedly had liturgical origins) can only be exemplary. Moreover, Monteverdi, in his intense engagement with the impersonation of liturgical chanting, has effectively rendered it the analogue of an actual service. Several features suggest that he is capturing something of the listening experience of a liturgy, complete with its distortions and memories. As a collection that is ‘about’ Vespers and which doubles the experience one might be having, this has something in common with the ‘musical work’ as defined by later classical practice, and its very religiosity resonates with the secularized ideology of musical autonomy.
Mastery and Masquerade in the Transatlantic Blues Revival
Authors: Cole Ross 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTFocusing on two influential broadcasts staged for British television in 1963–4, this article traces transatlantic attitudes towards blues music in order to explore the constitutive relationship between race, spectatorship and performativity. During these programmes, I claim, a form of mythic history is translated into racial nature. Ultimately, I argue that blues revivalism coerced African American musicians into assuming the mask of blackface minstrelsy – an active personification of difference driven by a lucrative fantasy on the terms of white demand. I ask why this imagery found such zealous adherents among post-war youth, situating their gaze within a longer tradition of colonialist display. Subaltern musicians caught within this regime were nonetheless able to ‘speak’ via sung performances that signified on the coordinates of their own marginalization. The challenge for musicology is thus to heed the relational syncretism arising from intercultural contact while acknowledging the lived experience of African American artists unable fully to evade the preordained mask of alterity.
New Music for New South Africans: The New Music Indabas in South Africa, 2000–02
Authors: Stolp Mareli 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis article explores the content, scope and impact of an annual contemporary music festival in South Africa, the first of which was presented in 2000 by New Music South Africa (NMSA), the South African chapter of the International Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM). It explores the New Music Indabas of 2000–02 against the background of the political and cultural transformations that characterized South Africa, especially in the aftermath of the end of apartheid. Research into the archive of NMSA provided an entry point into understanding South African cultural, social and political life in the early years of the country's democracy. The ‘separate development’ rhetoric of the totalitarian apartheid regime, in power from 1948 to 1994, prevented cultural exchange and connection between musics and musicians in South Africa for decades; this article explores the ways in which the New Music Indabas attempted to right these historical imbalances, and to forge new directions for South African art-music production and practice.
Investigation of procoagulant activity in extracellular vesicles isolated by differential ultracentrifugation
Authors: Nielsen Thøger , Kristensen Anne Flou , Pedersen Shona , Christiansen Gunna , Kristensen Søren Risom 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTTissue factor (TF) is the main initiator of coagulation and procoagulant phospholipids (PPL) are key components in promoting coagulation activity in blood. Both TF and PPL may be presented on the surface of extracellular vesicles (EVs), thus contributing to their procoagulant activity. These EVs may constitute a substantial part of pathological hypercoagulability that is responsible for triggering a higher risk of thrombosis in certain patients. The aim of this study was to describe a model system for the isolation of EVs required for investigating their effect on coagulation. Differential ultracentrifugation (DUC) with and without a single washing step was used to isolate and evaluate the procoagulant capacity of EVs from healthy volunteers through analysis of thrombin generation and PPL activity. Ultracentrifugation at 20,000 × g and 100,000 × g resulted in pellets containing larger vesicles and smaller vesicles, respectively. Isolation yield of particle concentration was assessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Immunoelectron microscopy and western blotting revealed vesicles positive for the commonly used EV‐marker CD9. Plasma proteins and lipoproteins were co‐isolated with the EVs; however, application of a washing step clearly diminished the amount of contaminants. The isolated EVs were capable of enhancing thrombin generation, mainly due to PPL predominantly present in pellets from 20,000 × g centrifugation, and correlated with the activity measured by a PPL activity assay. Thus, DUC was proficient for the isolation of EVs with minimal contamination from plasma proteins and lipoproteins, and the setup can be used to study EV‐associated procoagulant activity. This may be useful in determining the procoagulant activity of EVs in patients at potentially increased risk of developing thrombosis, e.g. cancer patients.Abbreviations: TF: Tissue factor; PL: Phospholipids; EVs: Extracellular vesicles; FXa: Activated coagulation factor X; TGA: Thrombin generation assay; PPL: Procoagulant phospholipids; DUC: Differential ultracentrifugation; NTA: Nanoparticle tracking analysis; TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; SPP: Standard pool plasma; CTI: Corn trypsin inhibitor; 20K: 20,000 × g; 100K: 100,000 × g; FVIII: Coagulation factor VIII
Engagements, grammars, and the public: From the liberal grammar to individual interests
Authors: Eranti Veikko 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
This article explores the role of individual interests within the pragmatic sociology of engagements, developed by Laurent Thévenot. He developed the idea of multiple regimes of engaging with the world – cognitive models of information-processing and what kind of good is engaged in different situations. In this article I argue that the way the sociology of engagements is currently formulated does not sufficiently allow for analysing public participation and disputes in situations where individual interests play a crucial role in public debates. The article presents a slight reformulation of what Thévenot calls the grammar of individuals in a liberal public, based on (a) an understanding of how individual interests relate to the common good and general will, (b) the constitution of legitimate actors within polities, and (c) the separation between the levels of generality and publicity. This reformulation might be called the grammar of individual interests, clarifying and simplifying earlier terminology.
The Character of Papal Finance at the Turn of the Twelfth Century
Authors: Wiedemann Benedict G E 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Recent approaches to twelfth-century papal finance have drawn a distinction between ‘voluntary’ gifts to the pope and the prescribed dues which clergy and laity across Europe were legally bound to pay. Such a distinction is often unhelpful; for both types of income, the onus and agency tended to be on the part of the payers themselves: most papal income was in fact voluntary. This had an effect on how income and expenditure were recorded in Rome. Since it was the payer who decided when to send money to the Curia, the papal financial administration had no consistent expectations of what their income might be. Consequently an itemised record of income was not a necessity in the later twelfth century. On the other hand, by the end of the twelfth century expenditure was being recorded in detail at the Curia: the Gesta of Pope Innocent III (1198–1216) includes a gift-list which has clearly been culled from a record of expenditure. As well as giving an insight into methods of accounting, this gift-list allows us to speculate about what forms—coins, fabrics, chalices—papal income took. Overall the character of papal finance is dissimilar to that of contemporary European monarchies because it depended to a greater extent on the will of the many people across Europe who chose to go to Rome.
Testing Mediators of Reduced Drinking for Veterans in Alcohol Care Management
Authors: Moskal Dezarie , Maisto Stephen A , Possemato Kyle , Lynch Kevin G , Oslin David W 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Alcohol Care Management (ACM) is a manualized treatment provided by behavioral health providers working in a primary care team aimed at increasing patients’ treatment engagement and decreasing their alcohol use. Research has shown that ACM is effective in reducing alcohol consumption; however, the mechanisms of ACM are unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the mechanisms of change in ACM in the context of a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of ACM.

Materials and Methods
This study performed secondary data analysis of existing data from a larger study that involved a sample of U.S. veterans (N = 163) who met criteria for current alcohol dependence. Upon enrollment into the study, participants were randomized to receive either ACM or standard care. ACM was delivered in-person or by telephone within the primary care clinic and focused on the use of oral naltrexone and manualized psychosocial support. According to theory, we hypothesized several ACM treatment components that would mediate alcohol consumption outcomes: engagement in addiction treatment, reduced craving, and increased readiness to change. Parallel mediation models were performed by the PROCESS macro Model 4 in SPSS to test study hypotheses. The institutional review boards at each of the participating facilities approved all study procedures before data collection.

Results
As hypothesized, results showed that treatment engagement mediated the relation between treatment and both measures of alcohol consumption outcomes, the percentage of alcohol abstinent days, and the percentage of heavy drinking days. Neither craving nor readiness to change mediated the treatment effect on either alcohol consumption outcome.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that ACM may be effective in changing drinking patterns partially due to an increase in treatment engagement. Future research may benefit from evaluating the specific factors that underlie increased treatment engagement. The current study provides evidence that alcohol use disorder interventions should aim to increase treatment engagement and reduce barriers to care.
Impact of H3.3 K27M Mutation on Prognosis and Survival of Grade IV Spinal Cord Glioma on the Basis of New 2016 World Health Organization Classification of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Yi Seong , Choi Sunkyu , Shin Dong Ah , Kim Du Su , Choi Junjeong , Ha Yoon , Kim Keung Nyun , Suh Chang-Ok , Chang Jong Hee , Kim Se Hoon , Yoon Do Heum 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Spinal cord glioma grade IV is a rare, diffuse midline glioma. H3 K27M-mutant was classified in a different entity in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification recently. No reports about prognosis of spinal cord glioma grade IV are available yet.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the prognostic factors for spinal cord glioma grade IV.

METHODS
Twenty-five patients with spinal cord glioma of grade IV who underwent surgery in a single institute were selected. All grade IV spinal cord glioma histologically confirmed as glioblastoma or “diffuse midline glioma with H3 K27M-mutant” by the 2016 WHO classification of the central nervous system were included. Basic demographics, treatment modalities, and pathological tumor molecular profiles were investigated for prognosis.

RESULTS
Mean age was 39.1 yr; male to female ratio was 18 : 7. Tumor was located in thoracic cord (53.3%), cervical cord (40%), and lumbar area (6.7%). Median overall survival was 37.1 mo; median disease-free survival was 18.5 mo. Treatment modality showed no statistical difference. Only K27M profile showed significant prognostic value, 20 patients (80%) showed K27M mutation positive, K27M mutation patients showed longer overall survival (40.07 mo) than K27M negative patients (11.63 mo, P < .0001), and disease-free survival (20.85 vs 8.72 mo, P = .0241).

CONCLUSION
This study is the first and largest report of the prognosis of primary spinal cord grade IV glioma using the new WHO classification. This study reported survival analysis and prognostic factors, and revealed that H3.3 K27M mutation is not a major poor prognostic factor. Further studies to explore K27M mutations needed for risk stratification and therapy optimization.
Results of a Hepatitis C Virus Screening Program of the 1945–1965 Birth Cohort in a Large Emergency Department in New Jersey
Authors: Cornett Julia Kang , Bodiwala Vimal , Razuk Victor , Shukla Devangi , Narayanan Navaneeth 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Persons born between 1945 and 1965 account for an estimated 81% of those infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States. However, up to 60% remain undiagnosed. Prior studies have reported HCV screening results from large urban emergency departments.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of patients in the 1945–1965 birth cohort tested for HCV in a large emergency department (ED) in New Jersey from June 1, 2016, through December 31, 2016. The purpose was to report HCV antibody and viral load results of this testing program located in a small urban/suburban area and to analyze specific characteristics associated with positive results, such as race/ethnicity and insurance status. Descriptive statistics were performed, and, using a multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results
A total of 3046 patients were screened: 55.8% were white, and 17.9% were black; 52.1% had private insurance, 33.4% Medicare, 3.9% Medicaid. One hundred ninety-two were antibody positive (6.3%). Of 167 with HCV viral load testing results, 43% had a positive viral load. On multivariate analysis, black race and Medicaid were independently associated with a positive HCV viral load.

Conclusions
HCV antibody seropositivity was above 6% and twice as high as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated prevalence in this birth cohort. These results indicate that EDs outside of large urban cities are also important sites for routine HCV screening. Other findings of interest include 43% with chronic HCV infection and the persistent association between black race and positive HCV viral load even when adjusted for insurance status.
Inferring influence and leadership in moving animal groups
Authors: Strandburg-Peshkin Ariana , Papageorgiou Danai , Crofoot Margaret C. , Farine Damien R. 
Published: March 2018

Collective decision-making is a daily occurrence in the lives of many group-living animals, and can have critical consequences for the fitness of individuals. Understanding how decisions are reached, including who has influence and the mechanisms by which information and preferences are integrated, has posed a fundamental challenge. Here, we provide a methodological framework for studying influence and leadership in groups. We propose that individuals haveinfluenceif their actions result in some behavioural change among their group-mates, and areleadersif they consistently influence others. We highlight three components of influence (influence instances, total influence and consistency of influence), which can be assessed at two levels (individual-to-individual and individual-to-group). We then review different methods, ranging from individual positioning within groups to information-theoretic approaches, by which influence has been operationally defined in empirical studies, as well as how such observations can be aggregated to give insight into the underlying decision-making process. We focus on the domain of collective movement, with a particular emphasis on methods that have recently been, or are being, developed to take advantage of simultaneous tracking data. We aim to provide a resource bringing together methodological tools currently available for studying leadership in moving animal groups, as well as to discuss the limitations of current methodologies and suggest productive avenues for future research.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Collective movement ecology’.