bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratospheric modulation of the large‐scale circulation in the Atlantic–European region and its implications for surface weather events
Authors: Beerli Remo , Grams Christian M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExtreme states of the stratospheric polar vortex can have long‐lasting impacts on extratropical circulation patterns, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This provides windows of subseasonal predictability beyond the typical weather forecast horizon of about 10 days. Subseasonal forecasts of surface weather are of significant interest in weather‐dependent socio‐economic sectors. For example, demand and supply for electricity and gas are weather dependent and therefore accurate forecasts are important for the energy industry and energy trading. Here we investigate the subseasonal impact of stratospheric conditions on surface weather events relevant to the energy industry in five subregions of Europe in winter. We use a definition of seven Atlantic–European weather regimes to describe the variability of the large‐scale circulation on subseasonal time scales. Results indicate that weather events are often associated with more than one preferred weather regime. In turn, some weather regimes project onto a specific NAO phase, while others are independent of the NAO. As expected, anomalous stratospheric polar vortex states predominantly modulate the occurrence of regimes related to the NAO and affect the likelihood of their associated weather events. In contrast, the occurrence of weather regimes which do not project well onto the NAO is not affected by anomalous stratospheric polar vortex states. These regimes provide pathways to unexpected weather events in extreme stratospheric polar vortex states. For example, weak stratospheric polar vortex states enhance the likelihood of negative NAO. High wind events in Central Europe predominantly occur during the zonal regime, strongly projecting onto positive NAO. However, these events also occur during the Atlantic trough regime, which is unaffected by anomalous stratospheric polar vortex states and thus provides a pathway to Central European high wind events during weak stratospheric polar vortex states. A correct NAO prediction alone is therefore not sufficient to correctly predict surface weather after extreme stratospheric polar vortex states. Moreover, weather regime life cycles independent of the NAO also need to be forecast accurately.
Investigation on Co–Modified NixMgyO Solid Solutions for Hydrogen Production from Steam Reforming of Acetic Acid and a Model Blend
Authors: Luo Xiang , Hong Yu , Shi Kaiqi , Yang Gang , Pang Chengheng , Lester Edward , Jiang Lei , Wu Tao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper is focused on the Co‐modified NixMgyO solid solutions (10 wt% Ni, 2–6 wt% Co) for the steam reforming of acetic acid and a model blend. The pristine rocksalt structured NixMgyO solid solution and the modified NixMgyO−Co catalysts were synthesized via hydrothermal method and co‐impregnation. The activity of the catalysts was evaluated in the temperature range of 500–800 °C with a steam/carbon molar ratio of 3 and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 57,000 h−1. Low cobalt content (Co loading
2 wt%) catalysts exhibited significant promotion of H2 yield via enhancement of both water‐gas shift (WGS) reaction and methane decomposition. A 30‐hour test at 700 °C achieved excellent acetic acid conversion rate and H2 yield of 99.1% and 86.9%, respectively. However, the catalysts with higher cobalt loading (Co loading
4 wt%) suffered a much quicker deactivation mainly due to carbon deposition. In addition, the catalysts were also tested on a model blend combined acids, alcohols and aromatic species and exhibited outstanding performance with carbon conversion above 90% and H2 yield above 70% for 100 h.
Influence of microcylinders with different vibration laws on the flow control effect of a horizontal axis wind turbine
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Gaohui , Luo Dahai , Huang Diangui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDue to the flow separation on the blade of the NREL Phase VI wind turbine, a new flow control technique involving installation of an off‐surface vibrating small structure is proposed. By considering the actual flow condition, fluid‐solid coupling is applied in which two kinds of microcylinder vibration modes are set up, and the aerodynamic performance is numerically studied. The influence of the vibration modes, amplitude, and frequency of the off‐surface vibrating small structure on the aerodynamic performance is explored. For various stall conditions, the flow separation can be well suppressed by utilizing a suitable vibrating microcylinder rather than a static microcylinder. In addition, the vibrating microcylinder shows a noticeable suppression effect on large flow separation. Both the vibration direction and vibration amplitude play leading roles in the improvement of the aerodynamic performance, and a microcylinder with a high vibration frequency can more quickly suppress surface flow separation to achieve an optimum aerodynamic performance than a microcylinder with a low vibration frequency. By setting microcylinders with suitable vibration rules close to the blade surface, the wind energy coefficient can be obviously increased compared with those obtained when adding a static microcylinder or without microcylinder addition.
Effects of pollution on freshwater aquatic organisms
Authors: Amoatey Patrick , Baawain Mahad Said 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the reviews of scientific papers published in 2018 issues on the effects of anthropogenic pollution on the aquatic organisms dwelling in freshwater ecosystem at global scale. The first part of the study provides the summary of relevant literature reviews followed by field and survey based studies. The second part is based on categories of different classes/sources of pollutants which affect freshwater organism. This is composed of several sections including metals and metalloids, wastewater and effluents, sediments, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, flame retardants, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs, emerging contaminants, pesticides, herbicides, and endocrine disruptors. The final part of the study highlights the reviews of published research work on new pollutants such as microplastics and engineered nanoparticles which affect the freshwater organisms.Practitioner points

Heavy metals concentrations should be assessed at nano‐scale in aquatic environment.

Air pollutants could have long‐term effects on freshwater ecosystem.

Future studies should focus on bioremediations of freshwater pollution.
Eastern grasslands: Conservation challenges and opportunities on private lands
Authors: Keyser Patrick D. , Buehler David A. , Hedges Kyle , Hodges Jef , Lituma Christopher M. , Loncarich Frank , Martin James A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTGrasslands were once common in the eastern United States and provided habitat for numerous grassland‐dependent wildlife. However, native grasslands in this region have largely been eliminated as a result of conversion to other land uses (e.g., urban development, row‐crops), altered disturbance regimes (e.g., lack of fire and grazing), or conversion to introduced grasses for livestock production. Consequently, many wildlife species adapted to these environments have experienced protracted population declines, notably, northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), and other grassland‐dependent bird species. Restoration of native grasslands with appropriate native plant species composition, structure, and disturbance regimes will be key to restoring at‐risk wildlife. Indeed, the region still includes >20 million ha of grasslands, but these are dominated by introduced grass species and focused on cattle (Bos taurus) production. Any successful restoration strategy must engage the agricultural community, provide profitable forage production, and benefit habitat for wildlife. Furthermore, grassland ecosystems in humid regions (i.e., >95 cm annual rainfall) require frequent disturbance to prevent succession to forested conditions. Historically, these native grasslands were maintained by fire, herbivory, and their interaction. Consequently, wildlife communities in humid, native grasslands are adapted to those same disturbances and the conditions they create. Improving species composition by replacing introduced, sod‐forming grass species commonly used in production agriculture (e.g., tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus] and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon]) with native grasses can be beneficial but must be accompanied by appropriate disturbance to achieve and maintain improved habitat. Therefore, developing a business case for producers to incorporate native grasses into regional agro‐grasslands that include disturbance through grazing may foster large‐scale improvements in habitat quality. Although Farm Bill conservation practices can make important contributions to conservation of eastern grassland‐dependent wildlife, such programs are dependent on uncertain and limited federal budgets and, to provide appropriate disturbance, require management intervention at a net cost to landowners and Farm Bill programs. Thus, there exists an opportunity to improve habitat at a scale that has the potential to sustain viable populations of grassland‐dependent wildlife. Therefore, we discuss the potential of a new conservation paradigm, one based on grazing systems that utilize native grasses, for filling that conservation gap. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Parathyroidectomy in Hyperparathyroidism‐Jaw Tumor Syndrome: Analysis of Five Families with CDC73 Mutations
Authors: Iacobone Maurizio , Camozzi Valentina , Mian Caterina , Pennelli Gianmaria , Pagetta Costantino , Casal Ide Eric , Masi Giulia , Zovato Stefania , Torresan Francesca 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundHyperparathyroidism‐jaw tumor syndrome (HPT‐JT) is a rare disease caused by CDC73 germline mutations, with familial primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), ossifying jaw tumors, genito‐urinary neoplasms. The present study was aimed at determining the long‐term postoperative outcome of parathyroidectomy in HPT‐JT.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a single‐center series of 20 patients from five unrelated HPT‐JT families undergoing parathyroid surgery was performed.ResultsPathology confirmed a single‐gland involvement in 95% of cases at onset. Parathyroid carcinoma occurred in three patients undergoing en‐bloc parathyroidectomy and thyroid lobectomy: parathyroid benign lesions in 17 patients undergoing subtotal parathyroidectomy for evident multiglandular involvement (n = 1) or selective parathyroidectomy for single‐gland involvement (n = 16), during bilateral (n = 13) or targeted unilateral neck exploration (n = 7). At a median overall follow‐up of 16 years (range 2.5–42), patients with parathyroid carcinoma had a persistent/recurrent disease in 66.6%; patients with benign lesions had recurrent pHPT in 23.5% after a prolonged disease‐free period; recurrent benign pHPT occurred slightly more often in cases of discordant preoperative localization (60% vs 9%; p = 0.06).ConclusionpHPT in HPT‐JT is generally characterized by a benign and single‐gland involvement, with a relatively increased risk of malignancy (15%). Parathyroid carcinoma needs extensive surgery because of high risk of permanent/recurrent disease (66.6%). In benign involvement, targeted unilateral exploration with selective parathyroidectomy may be effective in cases of concordant single‐gland localization at preoperative localization imaging techniques. Bilateral neck exploration with subtotal parathyroidectomy might be preferred in cases of negative or discordant preoperative localization, because of the increased risk of multiglandular involvement and long‐term recurrences (23.5%).
Genome-wide analysis of the rice J-protein family: identification, genomic organization, and expression profiles under multiple stresses
Authors: Luo Ying , Fang Baohua , Wang Weiping , Yang Ying , Rao Liqun , Zhang Chao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractJ-proteins which function as molecular chaperone played critical roles in plant growth, development, and response to various environment stresses, but little was reported on this gene family in rice. Here, we identified 115 putative rice J-proteins and classified them into nine major clades (I–IX) according to their phylogenetic relationships. Gene-structure analysis revealed that each member of the same clade has same or similar exon–intron structure, and most rice J-protein genes of clade VII were intronless. Chromosomes mapping suggested that tandem duplication was occurred in evolution. Expression profile showed that the 61 rice J-protein genes were expressed in at least one tissue. The result implied that they could be involved in the process of rice growth and development. The RNA-sequencing data identified 96 differentially expressed genes, 59.38% (57/96), 67.71% (65/96), and 62.50% (60/96) genes were induced by heat stress, drought stress, and salt stress, respectively. The results indicated that J-protein genes could participated in rice response to different stresses. The findings in this study would provide a foundation for further analyzing the function of J-proteins in rice.
Dizziness and its association with walking speed and falls efficacy among older men and women in an urban population
Authors: Lindell Ellen , Kollén Lena , Johansson Mia , Karlsson Therese , Rydén Lina , Zettergren Anna , Frändin Kerstin , Skoog Ingmar , Finizia Caterina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundDizziness is common among older people and falling is a feared complication.AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of dizziness and its association with falls, walking speed and fear of falling, including sex differences, among 79-year-olds. Secondary purposes were to describe the relationship between dizziness and falls to number of medications and diseases.MethodThe study consisted of the fifth cohort of Gothenburg’s H70 birth cohort studies. A sample of 662 79-year-olds (404 women, 258 men) were investigated with questions regarding dizziness, previous falls and falls efficacy [estimated according to the falls efficacy scale Swedish version (FES (S))]. Functional tests included self-selected and maximal walking speed over 20 m.ResultsDizziness was reported among 51% of the women and by 58% of the men (p = 0.12). Approximately, 40% had fallen during the past 12 months (41% women, 38% of the men,p = 0.48). Dizziness was related to a higher risk of falls among women (OR 2.63 (95% CI 1.67−4.14,p < 0.0001), but not among men (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.63−1.82,p = 0.8). Dizzy individuals had lower scores on FES (S) (p < 0.01), more medications (p < 0.001) and diseases (p < 0.001) than those without dizziness. Participants who reported dizziness walked 10% slower than participants without dizziness (p < 0.001).ConclusionWomen with dizziness more often reported falls compared to women without dizziness—a trend that was not seen among men. Persons with dizziness walked slower. Many medications increased risk of falling; hence, number of medications alone might help pinpoint risk groups for falling.
Update on the national survey on molecular diagnostics in CNS tumors
Authors: Levine AB , Lee T , Yip S 
Published: September 2019

There have been significant changes in the diagnostic criteria for diffuse gliomas in the 2016 WHO CNS tumor classification, with the incorporation of molecular criteria into a number of definitions. This has placed a greater emphasis on the availability of key immunohistochemical and molecular tests. In order to determine the effect that these changes have had on neuropathology practice and the access of different centres to these tests, we designed a survey that was sent to all members of the Canadian Association of Neuropathology member list in the fall of 2017. This survey asked a number of questions relating to the approach to glioma diagnosis, immunohistochemical/molecular test ordering patterns, in-house test availability, and need to send out for testing. In this presentation we will present preliminary results from this survey, with a focus on institutional testing capabilities. This provides a valuable resource that could ultimately need to a national database of immunohistochemical and molecular test availability for each neuropathology centre.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:1.Review the key molecular markers in the diagnosis of adult gliomas and methods of testing for them2.Discuss the effect that the 2016 WHO CNS tumor update has had on clinical practice in Canada
Cerebellar glioblastoma: a clinicopathologic series of 16 cases
Authors: Abdollahi M , Gao AF , Okura H , Alsahlawi A , Hawkins C , Cusimano MD , Munoz DG 
Published: September 2019

Due to their rareness, it is not known if the clinicopathological features of cerebellar glioblastomas (cGBMs) are different from supratentorial GBMs (sGBMs). We reviewed all 16 cases of cGBMs (total GBMs: 1350) at St. Michael’s Hospital over 18 years and assessed their clinicopathologic features. The mean age at diagnosis was 57 years. The most common presentations were headache (56%) and gait instability (56%). The majority (81%) of cGBMs were hemispheric while 19% involved the midline. There was radiologic evidence of brainstem infiltration at presentation in one case. Radiologically, peritumoral edema (63%) and heterogeneous contrast enhancement (50%) were common. Histologically, cGBM showed leptomeningeal involvement in 10/12 of cases. Uncommon histologic variants included 3 giant cell GBMs, a gliosarcoma, and a tumor with Rosenthal fibres and eosinophilic granular bodies. IDH1 R132H mutation was detected in 3/14 cases, a rate much higher than sGBMs. Additionally, 7/11 tumors had widespread p53 immunopositivity suggestive of TP53 mutation which is in accordance with previous reports in the literature. Of 9 cases tested, none had histone H3 K27M or G34R/V mutation. In summary, cGBMs have unique features that distinguishes them from sGBMs.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:1.Identify the clinicopathological features of cerebellar GBMs including major molecular alterations2.Compare cerebellar and supratentorial GBMs and describe the distinguishing features of each type of tumor
Type classification of extreme quantized characters
Authors: SATO RYOSUKE 
Published: September 2019

The notion of quantized characters was introduced in our previous paper as a natural quantization of characters in the context of asymptotic representation theory forquantum groups. As in the case of ordinary groups, the representation associated with any extreme quantized character generates a von Neumann factor. From the viewpoint of operator algebras (and measurable dynamical systems), it is natural to ask what is the Murray–von Neumann–Connes type of the resulting factor. In this paper, we give a complete solution to this question when the inductive system is of quantum unitary groups $U_{q}(N)$.
Universal fluctuations in the bulk of Rayleigh–Bénard turbulence
Authors: Xie Yi-Chao , Cheng Bu-Ying-Chao , Hu Yun-Bing , Xia Ke-Qing 
Published: September 2019

We present an investigation of the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) temperature $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{T}$ and the r.m.s. velocity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{w}$ in the bulk of Rayleigh–Bénard turbulence, using new experimental data from the current study and experimental and numerical data from previous studies. We find that, once scaled by the convective temperature $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{\ast }$, the value of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{T}$ at the cell centre is a constant ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{T,c}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{\ast }\approx 0.85$) over a wide range of the Rayleigh number ($10^{8}\leqslant Ra\leqslant 10^{15}$) and the Prandtl number ($0.7\leqslant Pr\leqslant 23.34$), and is independent of the surface topographies of the top and bottom plates of the convection cell. A constant close to unity suggests that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{\ast }$ is a proper measure of the temperature fluctuation in the core region. On the other hand, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{w,c}/w_{\ast }$, the vertical r.m.s. velocity at the cell centre scaled by the convective velocity $w_{\ast }$, shows a weak $Ra$-dependence (${\sim}Ra^{0.07\pm 0.02}$) over $10^{8}\leqslant Ra\leqslant 10^{10}$ at $Pr\sim 4.3$ and is independent of plate topography. Similar to a previous finding by He & Xia (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 122, 2019, 014503), we find that the r.m.s. temperature profile $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{T}(z)/\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{\ast }$ in the region of the mixing zone with a mean horizontal shear exhibits a power-law dependence on the distance $z$ from the plate, but now the universal profile applies to both smooth and rough surface topographies and over a wider range of $Ra$. The vertical r.m.s. velocity profile $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{w}(z)/w_{\ast }$ obeys a logarithmic dependence on $z$. The study thus demonstrates that the typical scales for the temperature and the velocity are the convective temperature $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{\ast }$ and the convective velocity $w_{\ast }$, respectively. Finally, we note that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{\ast }$ may be utilised to study the flow regime transitions in ultrahigh-$Ra$-number turbulent convection.
Gliding on a layer of air: impact of a large-viscosity drop on a liquid film
Authors: Langley K. R. , Thoroddsen S. T. 
Published: September 2019

In this paper we contrast the early impact stage of a highly viscous drop onto a liquid versus a solid substrate. Water drops impacting at low velocities can rebound from a solid surface without contact. This dynamic is mediated through lubrication of a thin air layer between the liquid and solid. Drops can also rebound from a liquid surface, but only for low Weber numbers. Impacts at higher velocities in both cases lead to circular contacts which entrap an air disc under the centre of the drop. Increasing the drop viscosity produces extended air films for impacts on a smooth solid surface even for much larger velocities. These air films eventually break through random wetting contacts with the solid. Herein we use high-speed interferometry to study the extent and thickness profile of the air film for a large-viscosity drop impacting onto a viscous film of the same liquid. We demonstrate a unified scaling of the centreline height of the air film for impacts on both solid and liquid, when using the effective impact velocity. On the other hand, we show that the large-viscosity liquid film promotes air films of larger extent. Furthermore, the rupture behaviour becomes fundamentally different, with the air film between the two compliant surfaces being more stable, lacking the random wetting patches seen on the solid. We map the parameter range where these air films occur and explore the transition from gliding to ring contact at the edge of the drop dimple. After the air film ruptures, the initial contraction occurs very rapidly and for viscosities greater than 100 cSt the retraction velocity of the air film is ${\sim}0.3~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$, independent of the liquid viscosity and impact velocity, in sharp contrast with theoretical predictions.