bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2018: An institution based cross sectional study
Authors: Gedefaw Getnet , Waltengus Fikadu , Akililu Almaz , Gelaye Kihinetu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the magnitude of serum HBsAg and the risk factors for Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Bahir Dar. An institution based cross sectional study was implemented from February 1 to May 1, 2018 among 338 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Bahir Dar, 2018. Systematic sampling technique was implemented. Blood sample was taken from 338 study participants and serum was tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay.
Results: The overall magnitude of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women were 16(4.7%) (95% CI= 2.7, 7.7).Having a history of blood transfusion (AOR=5.2; 95% CI=1.2-22.3), having a history of multiple sexual partners (AOR=4.6; 95% CI=1.1-19.6) and having a history traditional tonsillectomy (AOR=3.4; 95% CI=1.1-10.1) were the major predictor factors for Hepatitis B virus infection.
Keywords: Pregnant women, Bahirdar, Ethiopia, Hepatitis B virus
Supervised training in primary care units but not spontaneous physical activity lowered cardiovascular risk in Brazilian low-income patients: a controlled trial
Authors: Lima Amana M. , Werneck André O. , Cyrino Edilson , Farinatti Paulo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background:

Public health strategies to increase physical activity in low-income communities may reduce cardiovascular risk in these populations. This controlled trial compared the cardiovascular risk estimated by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) over 12 months in formally active (FA), declared active (DA), and physically inactive (PI) patients attended by the ‘Family Health Strategy’ in low-income communities at Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil (known as ‘favelas’).

Methods:

Patients were matched for age and assigned into three groups: a) FA (supervised training, n=53; 60.5±7.7 yrs); b) DA (self-reported, n=43; 57.0±11.2 yrs); c) PI (n=48; 57.0±10.7 yrs). FA performed twice a week a 50-min exercise circuit including strength and aerobic exercises, complemented with 30-min brisk walking on the third day, whereas DA declared to perform spontaneous physical activity twice a week. Comparisons were adjusted by sex, chronological age, body mass index, and use of anti-hypertensive/statin medications.

Results:

At baseline, groups were similar in regards to body mass, body mass index, triglycerides, and LDL-C, as well to FRS and most of its components (age, blood pressure, hypertension prevalence, smoking, HDL-C, and total cholesterol; P>0.05). However, diabetes prevalence was 10-15% lower in DA vs. FA and PI (P<0.05). Intention-to-treat analysis showed significant reductions after intervention (P<0.05) in FA for total cholesterol (~10%), LDL-C (~15%), triglycerides (~10%), systolic blood pressure (~8%), and diastolic blood pressure (~9%). In DA, only LDL-C decreased (~10%, P < 0.05). Significant increases were found in PI (P<0.05) for total cholesterol (~15%), LDL-C (~12%), triglycerides (~15%), and systolic blood pressure (~5%). FRS lowered 35% in FA (intention-to-treat, P<0.05), remained stable in DA (P>0.05), and increased by 20% in PI (P<0.05). Conclusions: A supervised multi-modal exercise training developed at primary care health units reduced the cardiovascular risk in adults living in very low-income communities. The risk remained stable in patients practicing spontaneous physical activity and increased among individuals who remained physically inactive. These promising results should be considered within public health strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease in communities with limited resources.

Trial registration:

TCTR20181221002 (registered December 21, 2018; retrospectively registered).
The Visitor and Migrant Cost Recovery Programme – A threat to health?
Authors: Potter Jessica Louise , Burman Matthew , Tweed Conor D , Vaghela D , Kunst H , Swinglehurst D , Griffiths CJ 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

In April 2014 the UK government launched the ‘NHS Visitor and Migrant Cost Recovery Programme Implementation Plan’ which set out a series of policy changes to recoup costs from ‘chargeable’ (largely non-UK born) patients. In England, approximately 75% of tuberculosis (TB) cases occur in people born abroad. Delays in TB treatment increase risk of morbidity, mortality and transmission in the community. We investigated whether diagnostic delay has increased since the Cost Recovery Programme (CRP) was introduced.

Methods

There were 3,342 adult TB cases notified on the London TB Register across Barts Health NHS Trust between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2016. Cases with missing relevant information were excluded. The median time between symptom onset and treatment initiation before and after the CRP was calculated according to birthplace and compared using the Mann Whitney test. Delayed diagnosis was considered greater or equal to median time to treatment for all patients (79 days). Univariable logistic regression was used to manually select exposure variables (p value <0.10) for inclusion in a multivariable model to test the association between diagnostic delay and the implementation of the CRP.

Results

We included 2,237 TB cases. Among non-UK born patients, median time-to-treatment increased from 69 days to 89 days following introduction of CRP (p<0.001). Median time-to-treatment also increased for the UK-born population from 75.5 days to 89.5 days (p=0.307). The multivariable logistic regression model showed non-UK born patients were more likely to have a delay in diagnosis after the CRP (adjOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.13-1.66, p value 0.001)

Conclusion

Since the introduction of the CRP there has been a significant delay for TB treatment among non-UK born patients. Further research exploring the effect of policies restricting access to healthcare for migrants is urgently needed if we wish to eliminate TB nationally.
Untangling the Roots of the West Virginia Opioid Crisis: Relationships in Adolescent Pregnancy, Drug Abuse, and Future Outcomes
Authors: Durr Andrya J. , Critch Elizabeth A. , Fitzgerald M. Paula , Devlin Kelly M. , Fuller Kylie A. , Renzelli-Cain Roberta I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between teenage pregnancy and negative health outcomes, including drug abuse, among West Virginia female youth.
Methods: Data was acquired for females between 10 and 19 years of age, by county, from the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between the teenage pregnancy rate and drug related statistics, pregnancy related statistics, heart health related statistics, and environmental variables. This study was conducted from July 2018 to March 2019 at West Virginia University.
Results: Teenage pregnancy is correlated to harmful behavioral adaptations that may increase a women’s health risks. We find that teenage pregnancy, regardless of pregnancy outcome, is correlated with increased drug overdose death rates for women, as well as health concerns that increase one’s risk for heart disease.
Conclusions: Teenage pregnancy is correlated to a number of outcomes including drug overdose rates and impaired heart health outcomes. Reduction of unintended teenage pregnancy may be useful as a non-traditional method of ameliorating the opioid abuse crisis in the state of West Virginia.
Values of different specimen preparation methods for the diagnosis of lung cancer by endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration
Authors: Xu YouZu , Lin Jian , chen meifang , Zheng HaiHong , Feng JiaXi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has been become an important procedure for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Our research identified the effects of different pathological preparation on the diagnosis of lung cancer for specimens obtained by biopsy. Methods: Patients were clinically considered if lung cancer was accompanied by mediastinal or hilar lymph node enlargement between March 2014 and November 2017. Specimens obtained by EBUS-TBNA were treated by three methods: traditional smear cytology, liquid-based cytology (LBC) and histopathology.
Results: Of a total of 154 puncture sites from 153 patients, the total positive rate of combination for the three pathological treatment types (histopathology, direct traditional smear, and LBC) was 77.3%. The diagnostic positive rate for histopathology was 68.6%, direct traditional smear was 65.6%, and LBC was 60.4%; there was no significant differences among the three single pathological treatment types (P=0.29), but there was a statistically significant difference between the combination of three treatments and any single pathological treatment type (P=0.01). The diagnostic sensitivities of histopathology combined with traditional smear and histopathology combined LBC were 94.4% and 92.8%, respectively, the specificities and PPVs were both 100%, and the diagnostic accuracies were 95.5% and 94.2%, respectively; the sensitivities, specificities and diagnostic accuracies above were all higher than those of single specimen treatment and lower than those of the three combined.
Conclusion: When EBUS-TBNA is used for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer, the use of histopathological sections combined with direct cytological smear should be sufficient and is the most economical choice.
De novo transcriptome assembly reveals putative biosynthetic genes involved in the biosyntheses of isoflavones and miroestrol in Pueraria candollei var. mirifica
Authors: Suntichaikamolkul Nithiwat , Tantisuwanichkul Kittiya , Prombutara Pinidphon , Kobtrakul Khwanlada , Zumsteg Julie , Wannachart Siriporn , Schaller Hubert , Yamazaki Mami , Saito Kazuki , De-eknamkul Wanchai , Vimolmangkang Sornkanok , Sirikantaramas Supaart 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Pueraria candollei var. mirifica, a Thai medicinal plant used traditionally as a rejuvenating herb, is known as a rich source of phytoestrogens, including isoflavonoids and the highly estrogenic miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol. Although these active constituents in P. mirifica have been known for some time, actual knowledge regarding their biosynthetic genes remains unknown.

Results

A de novo transcriptome analysis was conducted using combined P. candollei var. mirifica tissues of young leaves, mature leaves, tuberous cortices, and cortex-excised tubers. The assembly of 166,923 contigs was used for a functional annotation against protein databases, and as a library for the identification of genes possibly involved in the biosynthesis of isoflavonoid and miroestrol. Twenty-one differential expressed genes (DEGs) from four separate libraries were identified as candidates involved in the biosynthesis pathways and had their expressions validated by qRT-PCR. Notably, isoflavonoid profiling generated by LC-MS/MS was positively correlated to the expression levels of isoflavonoid biosynthetic genes across the four types of tissues. In addition, R2R3 MYB transcription factors were also identified that may be involved in the regulation of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in P. candollei var. mirifica. To confirm the function of the key-isoflavone biosynthetic gene, P. candollei var. mirifica isoflavone synthase (PmIFS) identified in our library was transiently co-expressed with the Arabidopsis MYB12 transcription factor (AtMYB12) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Remarkably, the combined expression of those proteins led to the production of isoflavone genistein.

Conclusions

Our results provide compelling evidence regarding the integration of transcriptome and metabolome as a powerful tool for unraveling biosynthetic pathways in plants.
Rapeseed‐to‐Wheat Yield Ratio in Different Production Environments and Effects on Subsequent Summer Crops Yields
Authors: Mazzilli Sebastián R. , Ernst Oswaldo R. 
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas
The rapeseed/wheat yield ratio was 0.55 and was independent of soil conservation.
Soybean after rapeseed yielded 11% more than after wheat.
Maize after rapeseed yielded 17% more than after wheat.
A more diverse cropping sequence enhances both production levels and profitability.
Winter crop production in eastern Argentina and western Uruguay has been limited to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), forming a double annual cropping system with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and maize (Zea mays L.) during summer seasons. Currently, double annual cropping system covers less than 30% of the area. Past studies suggests that the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)/wheat yield ratio ranges from 40 to 60%, and the inclusion of rapeseed in the system could improve grain yield of the following crops. The objectives of this study were to: (i) quantify the rapeseed/wheat yield ratio under different cropping systems; (ii) quantify the differential yield of summer crops compared with wheat and rapeseed while keeping a similar harvest date for winter crops and planting date for summer crops, respectively; and (iii) assess the economic result of the evaluated cropping systems. Rapeseed and wheat crops were sown in a long‐term rotation trial where different cropping systems were evaluated. Experiments were conducted for two seasons (2014 and 2015) and in each summer season after the winter crop harvest, soybean (2014–2015) and maize (2015–2016) were sown. No yield differences were detected for wheat and rapeseed as a result of the previous cropping systems, and the rapeseed/wheat yield ratio was about 55%. Higher summer crop yields were obtained after rapeseed compared with wheat (11 and 17% for soybean and maize, respectively). Producers may be able to enhance both production levels and profitability by adopting a more diverse cropping sequence.
Time‐Dependent Sorption and Desorption of Glyphosate in Soils: Multi‐reaction Modeling
Authors: Padilla Joshua T. , Selim H. Magdi 
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas
Batch data were successfully described by a multi‐reaction model.
A single set of parameters can be applied to a range of concentrations.
Glyphosate was strongly retained and readily degraded in both soils.
The herbicide glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine] (GPS) is commonly found offsite of application areas, despite traditional presumptions of the compound's immobility in the environment. This suggests that further efforts to predict the behavior and fate of GPS in soils are needed. In this study, kinetic batch experiments were conducted to assess the time‐dependent sorption and desorption of GPS by two agricultural soils from southern Louisiana: Commerce silt loam (a fine‐silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquept) and Sharkey clay (a very‐fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquert). Results of batch experiments indicate a high affinity of both soils for GPS, with 24‐h Freundlich coefficients of 158 and 396 Ln mg1−n kg−1 for the Commerce and Sharkey soils, respectively. An apparent time dependency of GPS sorption by both soils was observed, especially within the first 72 h. Changes in solution concentrations of the herbicide beyond 72 h are attributed to both additional sorption as well as solution‐phase degradation. A two‐site multi‐reaction model incorporating time‐dependent reversible and irreversible reactions successfully described the measured data from the batch experiments. However, values of the rate coefficients and sorbed concentrations may be overestimated due to the model's inability to account for degradation processes. Analysis of extracted soil‐bound residues illustrates that degradation of sorbed phase GPS is significant in both soils, although it occurs to a greater extent in the Sharkey soil. Degradation of the herbicide probably occurs through the aminomethylphosphonic acid pathway, as 14C remained associated with the phosphonomethyl group. Models that account for both time‐dependent reactions and degradation will probably lead to improved predictions of the fate of GPS in soils.
A MEDIAÃ‡ÃƒO COMO MÃ‰TODO DE RESOLUÃ‡ÃƒO DE CONFLITOS E HARMONIZAÃ‡ÃƒO SOCIAL
Authors: Correa Marina Aparecida Pimenta da Cruz 
Published: July 2019

A vida em sociedade pressupÃµe a interaÃ§Ã£o social e condiciona o contato com o outro.E para que essa convivÃªncia possa se dar da melhor forma sÃ£o instituÃ­das algumasdiretrizes para nortear essa relaÃ§Ã£o, bem como agir de maneira preventiva visando Ã manutenÃ§Ã£o da via coletiva. Nesse sentido a MediaÃ§Ã£o de Conflitos se apresentacomo um mÃ©todo eficaz de resoluÃ§Ã£o de conflitos, uma vez que tem como objetivotrabalhar o cerne do conflito e, consequentemente, contribuindo para pacificaÃ§Ã£osocial.
Preparation of antibacterial and antifouling PSF/ZnO/eugenol membrane for peat water ultrafiltration
Authors: Wenten I Gede , Syaifi Yuda S. , Saputra Firmansyah A. , Zunita Megawati , Aryanti Putu T. P. , Julian Helen , Khoiruddin K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this work, polysulfone (PSF)-based ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with antibacterial and antifouling properties was prepared by the phase inversion technique. ZnO and eugenol were used as additives and introduced into the membrane matrix via the additive blending method. The additives could improve the performance of the PSF membrane due to their hydrophilic nature. The water contact angle (WCA) of the PSF membrane decreased from 67.7° ± 1.2° to 52.8° ± 0.8° when the additive loading was increased from 0 to 5%-wt. The PSF membrane with 5%-wt ZnO and 5%-wt eugenol had pure water permeability and humic substance rejection of 83.8 ± 3.7 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and 95.6%, respectively. In addition, the additives were able to improve antifouling properties, e.g. a recovery ratio (FRR) of 85.4% and relative flux reduction ratio (RFR) of 30.2%. In the antibacterial assay, the membrane displayed 3 mm and 10 mm inhibition zones against Escherichia coli and peat water microorganisms, respectively, probably due to antibacterial properties of the additives.
Determination of the color removal efficiency of laccase enzyme depending on dye class and chromophore
Authors: Çifçi Deniz İzlen , Atav Rıza , Güneş Yalçın , Güneş Elçin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this article was to clarify which type of dye chromophores could be decolorized efficiently with the use of laccase enzyme. For this purpose, enzymatic degradation of different type of dye classes (4 reactive, 2 acid and 1 basic dye) having various chromophore groups was investigated by using commercial laccase from Cerrena unicolor. It was observed that the chromophore structure of dye is very important on enzymatic color removal efficiency. According to the experimental results, it was found that color removal efficiencies (20 mg/L initial dye) were 98.7% for RB220 (0.1 g/L enzyme after 6 h), 95.1% for RB19 (0.1 g/L enzyme after 48 h), 90.8% for AR42 (0.1 g/L enzyme after 48 h) while they were 60.9% for AR114 (0.25 g/L enzyme), 58.6% for RB21 (0.5 g/L enzyme), 39.7% for RR239 (0.25 g/L enzyme) even after seven days. As a result, it can be said that the highest decolorization rate was achieved for the reactive dye having formazan copper complex (RB220) chromophore. On the other hand, the enzymatic degradation of basic dye (BB9) was found to be rather difficult compared to the acid and reactive dyes used in this study and the maximum color removal was 42.8% after seven days.
Centroamérica en la coyuntura electoral de Estados Unidos
Authors: Bermúdez Torres Lilia 
Published: July 2019

La estrategia de Guerra de Baja Intensidad (GBI) ha fracasado en Centroamértca en términos de los objetivos centrales que se planteaba el gobierno de Ronald Reagan: derrocar al gobierno sandinistay derrotar a las insurgencias revolucionarias através de una guerra prolongada de desgaste de carácter global. Ello no entra en contradicción con la concepción más amplia de "victoria", asumida por los estrategas norteamencanos (el logro de los objetivos políticos) en tanto que se ha impedido la consolidación del proceso nicaragüense y el triunfo de los movimientos populares.
Salario, empleo y consenso
Authors: Gutiérrez Garza Estela 
Published: July 2019

El salario cumple una variedad de funciones económicas sociales y políticas al interior de cada país. Es un espacio de relación entre: los trabajadores y los empresarios: un grupo de trabajadores y otro; diferentes sindicatos; diferentes tipos de empresas: diferentes oficios y especialidades; y finalmente, los salarios establecen el lugar que ocupan los individuos en relación con los demás, en la comunidad del trabajo y en la familia.
Acerca de la difusión de las ciencias sociales en América Latina
Authors: Zuluaga Gloria , López Patricia , Buitrago Jorge 
Published: July 2019

El presente ensayo expone brevemente algunas conclusiones obtenidas acerca de la difusión en publicaciones hemerográficas de la producción teórica de América Latina, referidas a problemas sociales, políticos y económicos del subcontinente, editadas en esta década. El estudio no pretende ser exhaustivo o agotar el tema, por demás complejo y amplio. Su objetivo es contribuir en la evaluación sobre la investigacióny difusión de la ciencia social latinoamericana.
Liberalismo y democracia: la reforma constitucional en Brasil
Authors: Marini Ruy Mauro 
Published: July 2019

Son poco usuales los estudios que, desde una perspectiva sociopolítica, abordan temáticas que convencionalmente se consideran circunscritas al campo jurídico. en este escrito, Marini se propone un estudio a fondo de la Constitución brasileña de 1988, requisito que él considera indispensable para proyectar, sobre bases sólidas, el rumbo que tomará el actual proceso de revisión de que es objeto la Carta Magna y cómo influirá en el futuro del proceso democrático brasileño. Desde los conceptos de la teoría política clásica, Marini da cuenta de la "historia constitucional" del país y analiza ampliamente la coyuntura de la que surge la Constitución actual.
¿Qué es un líder carismático? El caso de Jean-Bertrand Aristide y la transición política haitiana (1986-2000)
Authors: Álvarez Martínez Alejandro 
Published: July 2019

<p>El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal ofrecer un marco de referencia que permita analizar la relación entre Jean-Bertrand Aristide, como líder haitiano, y sus seguidores, en una coyuntura histórica particular, para establecer las causas principales que explican el desarrollo de sus cualidades carismáticas. El argumento central del trabajo establece que Aristide desplegó estas cualidades, reconocidas por sus adeptos, siendo protagonistas en los acontecimientos que se dieron entre 1986 y 1994.</p>
Las nuevas empresas públicas para América Latina
Authors: Campuzano Paniagua Gabriel 
Published: July 2019

<p>El debate en torno a las empresas públicas como instrumentos de gobierno y de economía pública es actual y no debería estar cancelado en la agenda de los temas de investigación y de discusión de la administración pública. Sobre todo, porque la concepción de las Empresas del Estado estaba orientada a constituirlas en las palancas indispensables para impulsar el desarrollo económico y social de la región. Por eso la diversidad de sectores y de ámbitos económicos, industriales, comerciales, educativos, financieros, culturales, sociales y hasta recreativos en que se crearon y actuaron. Pero con el tiempo también se fueron constituyendo, por lo general, en zonas de franca dispersión de recursos, de ineficacia e ineficiencia, de corrupción e incompetencia, debido a que sus fines y las razones originales que fueron su raíz se desvirtuaron. Lamentablemente ejemplos abundan en la historia reciente del continente. Sin embargo, siguen siendo opciones viables sobre todo a la hora de la integración y de la resolución de problemas comunes para América Latina.</p>