bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OsHV-1 infection leads to mollusc tissue lesion and iron redistribution, revealing a strategy of iron limitation against pathogen
Authors: Xin Lusheng , Huang Bowen , Zhang Huan , Li Chen , Bai Changming , Wang Chongming 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The mass mortality of molluscs caused by OsHV-1 infection has frequently occurred worldwide in recent years. Meanwhile the interaction between OsHV-1 and its host is largely unknown. Innate immunity mainly makes up the mollusc defense system, due to the lack of adaptive immunity in invertebrates. The iron limitation strategy is an indispensable facet of innate immunity across vertebrate and invertebrate species. In this study, an iron limitation strategy was interestingly found to contribute to mollusc innate immune responses against OsHV-1 infection. Firstly, ark clams, Scapharca broughtonii, were experimentally infected with OsHV-1, and serious hyperaemia in hepatopancreases and the erosion of gills were observed post OsHV-1 infection according to a histology assay. Meanwhile, based on quantification and Prussian blue staining, the process of iron efflux from ark clams was described post OsHV-1 infection. Secondly, ferritin, as an important iron storage protein, was characterized in ark clams and showed significant iron binding activity. According to the results of an immunohistochemistry assay, ferritin was supposed to be responsible for the iron translocation in ark clams post OsHV-1 infection. Its expression level was significantly fluctuant in response to OsHV-1 infection. Finally, oxidative stress was assessed by the analyses of H2O2 content, total antioxidant capacity and MDA level post OsHV-1 infection. Supplementary iron was found to promote ROS generation and death of hemocytes in vivo. These results highlighted that microenvironment changes in the essential nutrient iron should be an important aspect of the pathogenesis of OsHV-1 disease.
Immer im Wandel
Authors: Ramolla Thomas 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungWissen Sie, warum das OP-Management etabliert wurde? Kennen Sie die Fähigkeiten,
die ein OP-Manager heutzutage mitbringen sollte? Und haben Sie eine Vorstellung
davon, wie das Krankenhaus der Zukunft aussehen könnte? Antworten liefert uns
unsere Bestandsaufnahme zum OP-Management gestern – heute – morgen.
Fenestrierte endovaskuläre Aortenreparatur
Authors: Willeke Leyla , Greiner Andreas 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungMit der dreifach fenestrierten endovaskulären Aortenreparatur – kurz FEVAR –
können Patienten mit einem Aneurysma risikoärmer operiert werden, da im
Vergleich zur offenen OP die lange Klemmzeit an der Aorta wegfällt. Unsere
Autoren von der Charité Berlin schildern den minimalinvasiven Eingriff und seine
Besonderheiten.
Metabolomics and Their Ability to Distinguish Thyroid Disorders: A Retrospective Pilot Study
Authors: Struja Tristan , Eckart Andreas , Kutz Alexander , Neyer Peter , Kraenzlin Marius , Mueller Beat , Meier Christian , Bernasconi Luca , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEarly diagnosis of thyroid disorders is key to further treatment. We assessed the ability of a high-throughput proton NMR metabolomic profile to distinguish disease type amongst of Graves’ disease (n=87), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (n=17), toxic goiter (n=11), and autoimmune thyroiditis [i. e., subacute thyroiditis (n=4), postpartum thyroiditis (n=1)]. This observational study was conducted investigating patients presenting with a thyroid disorder at a Swiss hospital endocrine referral center and an associated endocrine outpatient clinic. The main outcome was diagnosis of thyroid disorder based on classical parameters. Blood draws took place as close as possible to treatment initiation. We performed one-way ANOVA and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) as multivariate classification and feature ranking method. One-way ANOVA analysis yielded following significantly different metabolites, triglycerides in small VLDL, triglycerides in very small VLDL, and triglycerides in large LDL (FDR=0.04). There was no distinct separation of any of the 4 diagnoses by PLS-DA. We did not find a metabolomic biomarker combination capable of predicting diagnosis. Preanalytical issues might have influenced our results. We strongly suggest replicating our work in another cohort.
Intraoperative Perfusion Assessment in Mastectomy Skin Flaps: How Close are We to Preventing Complications?
Authors: Khavanin Nima , Qiu Cecil , Darrach Halley , Kraenzlin Franca , Kokosis George , Han Tinglu , Sacks Justin M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background Mastectomy flap necrosis is the source of considerable morbidity and cost following breast reconstruction. A great deal of effort has been put forth to predicting and even preventing its incidence intraoperatively.
Methods A review of the literature was performed evaluating the evidence of mastectomy skin flap perfusion technologies.
Results Multiple technologies have leveraged spectroscopy and/or angiography to provide real-time assessment of flap perfusion, including indocyanine green, fluorescein, and light-based devices.
Conclusion This manuscript endeavors to review the evidence on mastectomy skin flap perfusion analysis, highlighting the benefits, and downsides of the current technologies and identifying exciting areas of future research and development.
CD4+T help promotes influenza virus-specific CD8+T cell memory by limiting metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Cullen Jolie G. , McQuilten Hayley A. , Quinn Kylie M. , Olshansky Moshe , Russ Brendan E. , Morey Alison , Wei Sanna , Prier Julia E. , La Gruta Nicole L. , Doherty Peter C. , Turner Stephen J. 
Published: February 2019

SignificancePromoting effective CD8+T cell memory is a primary goal of T cell-based vaccination and immunotherapy strategies. While it is well established that CD4+T cell help is required for enduring CD8+T cell memory, how such help contributes to establishing optimal CD8+T cell memory generation and persistence remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that CD4+help at the time of priming ensures that memory CD8+T cells are programmed to engage metabolic biological pathways essential for effective recall responses. Such understanding has clear implications for the augmentation of vaccine therapies designed to promote protective T cell immunity.
Podocalyxin is required for maintaining blood–brain barrier function during acute inflammation
Authors: Cait Jessica , Hughes Michael R. , Zeglinski Matthew R. , Chan Allen W. , Osterhof Sabrina , Scott R. Wilder , Canals Hernaez Diana , Cait Alissa , Vogl A. Wayne , Bernatchez Pascal , Underhill T. Michael , Granville David J. , Murphy Timothy H. , Roskelley Calvin D. , McNagny Kelly M. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
This article demonstrates a role for podocalyxin in blood–brain barrier (BBB) function. Podocalyxin expression on endothelial cells promotes the formation of adhesion interactions and barrier formation. Furthermore, it describes a neuroelectric phenotype elicited by a selective protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) agonist. PAR-1 activation by serum proteases (e.g., thrombin) leaking into the central nervous system during inflammation has the potential to impact the course of brain injury and recovery. However, the role of PAR-1 in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation is poorly understood. In summary, this study offers unique insight into the impact of PAR-1 activation in neuroinflammation and implicates podocalyxin as a therapeutic target for the manipulation of BBB permeability and the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
An image reconstruction model regularized by edge-preserving diffusion and smoothing for limited-angle computed tomography
Authors: Xu Jinqiu , Zhao Yunsong , Li Hongwei , Zhang Peng 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Limited-angle computed tomography is a very challenging problem in applications. Due to a high degree of ill-posedness, conventional reconstruction algorithms will introduce blurring along the directions perpendicular to the missing projection lines, as well as streak artifacts when applied on limited-angle data. Various models and algorithms have been proposed to improve the reconstruction quality by incorporating priors, among which the total variation, i.e. l
1 norm of gradient, and l
0 norm of the gradient are the most popular ones. These models and algorithms partially solve the blurring problem under certain situations. However, the fundamental difficulty remains. In this paper, we propose a reconstruction model for limited-angle computed tomography, which incorporates two regularization terms that play the role of edge-preserving diffusion and smoothing along the x-direction and y -direction respectively. Then, an alternating minimization algorithm is proposed to solve the model approximately. The proposed model is inspired by the theory of visible and invisible singularities of limited-angle data, developed by Quinto et al. By incorporating visible singularities as priors into an iterative procedure, the proposed algorithm could produce promising results and outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms for certain limited-angle computed tomography applications. Extensive experiments on both simulated data and real data are provided to validate our model and algorithm.
Garden History: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Gardens take many forms and have a variety of functions. They can serve as spaces of peace and tranquillity, a way to cultivate wildlife, or as places to develop agricultural resources. Globally, gardens have inspired, comforted, and sustained people, and many iconic gardens have inspired great artists, poets, musicians, and writers. Garden History: A Very Short Introduction embraces gardens in all their splendour, from parks and vegetable gardens to ornamental gardens, and takes the reader on a globe-trotting historical journey through iconic and cultural signposts of gardens from different regions and traditions. It concludes by looking to the future of the garden in terms of global warming and human innovation.
Britain
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
‘Britain’ considers the garden history of the British Isles through the Renaissance to the present day. The burgeoning of English gardens in the 18th and 19th centuries often obliterated earlier gardens on the same sites, so earlier English gardens are usually known only from written and pictorial documentation, or from earthworks. The impact of key gardens and garden designers throughout this time are discussed: Salomon de Caus; Inigo Jones; William Shenstone’s The Leasowes; the great landscape designers Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown and Humphry Repton; Sir Joseph Paxton; Hidcote Manor; Christopher Lloyd’s Great Dixter; Gertrude Jekyll’s Sissinghurst; Beth Chatto; and the Eden Project in Cornwall.
Trends in Incidence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections Differ by Strain Type and Healthcare Exposure, United States, 2005–2013
Authors: See Isaac , Mu Yi , Albrecht Valerie , Karlsson Maria , Dumyati Ghinwa , Hardy Dwight J , Koeck Mackenzie , Lynfield Ruth , Nadle Joelle , Ray Susan M , Schaffner William , Kallen Alexander J 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Previous reports suggested that US methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain epidemiology has changed since the rise of USA300 MRSA. We describe invasive MRSA trends by strain type.

Methods
Data came from 5 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infections Program sites conducting population-based surveillance and collecting isolates for invasive MRSA (ie, from normally sterile body sites), 2005–2013. MRSA bloodstream infection (BSI) incidence per 100 000 population was stratified by strain type and epidemiologic classification of healthcare exposures. Invasive USA100 vs USA300 case characteristics from 2013 were compared through logistic regression.

Results
From 2005 to 2013, USA100 incidence decreased most notably for hospital-onset (6.1 vs 0.9/100 000 persons, P &lt; .0001) and healthcare-associated, community-onset (10.7 vs 4.9/100 000 persons, P &lt; .0001) BSIs. USA300 incidence for hospital-onset BSIs also decreased (1.5 vs 0.6/100 000 persons, P &lt; .0001). However, USA300 incidence did not significantly change for healthcare-associated, community-onset (3.9 vs 3.3/100 000 persons, P = .05) or community-associated BSIs (2.5 vs 2.4/100 000 persons, P = .19). Invasive MRSA was less likely to be USA300 in patients who were older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.97 per year [95% confidence interval {CI}, .96–.98]), previously hospitalized (aOR, 0.36 [95% CI, .24–.54]), or had central lines (aOR, 0.44 [95% CI, .27–.74]), and associated with USA300 in people who inject drugs (aOR, 4.58 [95% CI, 1.16–17.95]).

Conclusions
Most of the decline in MRSA BSIs was from decreases in USA100 BSI incidence. Prevention of USA300 MRSA BSIs in the community will be needed to further reduce burden from MRSA BSIs.
Intraluminal mesh erosion after prosthetic hiatoplasty: incidence, management, and outcomes
Authors: Sánchez-Pernaute Andrés , Pérez-Aguirre María Elia , Jiménez Aida Pérez , Campos Adriana Ruano , Muñoz Ana , Torres Antonio 
Published: February 2019

SUMMARY
The purpose of the present study was to analyze the incidence, presentation, and treatment of mesh erosion into the esophagus or stomach after mesh hiatoplasty for primary or recurrent hiatal hernia. The study is a single-institution, retrospective cohort study. From November 2005 to December 2016, 122 patients consecutively underwent mesh hiatoplasty in our department, 91 during a primary surgery and 31 for a surgical revision. Follow-up was complete for 74%. Six patients of this series were evaluated for mesh erosion. In all cases, the mesh employed was a dual-type circular one. The mean time from surgery to erosion diagnosis was 42 months (median time 46 months, interquartile range 64 months). Three patients were asymptomatic, 1 had dysphagia, 1 had reflux recurrence, and 1 presented with mediastinal perforation. The absolute erosion rate was 4.9%. For patients under surveillance, the erosion rate was 6.6%, or 1 case every 48 patient-years of follow-up. The erosion rate after primary surgery was 3% or 1/86 patient-years of follow-up, and after surgery for recurrent hernia recurrence was 16% or 1/29 patient-years of follow-up. The mesh was left in place in 2 asymptomatic cases and endoscopically removed in 2 cases. Two patients submitted to surgical removal of the mesh, and only one needed a limited gastroesophageal junction resection for a conversion to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The patient with esophageal perforation submitted to mesh removal, drainage, and an anterior partial fundoplication. There was no mortality. Mesh erosion after hiatoplasty presents with a high rate, especially when hiatoplasty is performed during revisional antireflux surgery. Most patients can be managed conservatively, and endoscopic removal should be considered a first-line therapy.
Tracing the Impact of Public Health Interventions on HIV-1 Transmission in Portugal Using Molecular Epidemiology
Authors: Vasylyeva Tetyana I , du Plessis Louis , Pineda-Peña Andrea C , Kühnert Denise , Lemey Philippe , Vandamme Anne-Mieke , Gomes Perpétua , Camacho Ricardo J , Pybus Oliver G , Abecasis Ana B , Faria Nuno R 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Estimation of temporal changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission patterns can help to elucidate the impact of preventive strategies and public health policies.

Methods
Portuguese HIV-1 subtype B and G pol genetic sequences were appended to global reference data sets to identify country-specific transmission clades. Bayesian birth-death models were used to estimate subtype-specific effective reproductive numbers (Re). Discrete trait analysis (DTA) was used to quantify mixing among transmission groups.

Results
We identified 5 subtype B Portuguese clades (26–79 sequences) and a large monophyletic subtype G Portuguese clade (236 sequences). We estimated that major shifts in HIV-1 transmission occurred around 1999 (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI], 1998–2000) and 2000 (95% BCI, 1998–2001) for subtypes B and G, respectively. For subtype B, Re dropped from 1.91 (95% BCI, 1.73–2.09) to 0.62 (95% BCI,.52–.72). For subtype G, Re decreased from 1.49 (95% BCI, 1.39–1.59) to 0.72 (95% BCI, .63–.8). The DTA suggests that people who inject drugs (PWID) and heterosexuals were the source of most (&gt;80%) virus lineage transitions for subtypes G and B, respectively.

Conclusions
The estimated declines in Re coincide with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the scale-up of harm reduction for PWID. Inferred transmission events across transmission groups emphasize the importance of prevention efforts for bridging populations.
Lurcherland: Poachers, Dogs and Animal Presence in English Life and Culture, c. 1831–1901
Authors: Ridgwell Stephen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In Victorian England poachers and dogs were subject to increasing levels of public interest and engagement. This article considers how their various interactions were represented across a range of printed and visual media and suggests that in establishing the poacher as a largely positive figure the dog had a vital role to play. If a number of other factors worked in favour of the poacher, not least the widespread dislike of the Game Laws, important in this process of legitimation was the poacher’s active link to the canine world. Though ambiguity always surrounded the poacher, and the dog was not always to be found on his side, more often than not it was. The development of this association casts an interesting light on the framing of human-animal relations in the nineteenth century, a critical moment for those concerned with the ‘animal turn’ and notions of non-human agency, and reveals how the dog was more than just the poacher’s ally in the un-official hunting field. As an urban-centred culture acquired a distinctly ruralist orientation, within the popular knowledge economy the idea of the poacher and his dog resonated across boundaries of class and geography. This in turn provides new evidence of how, at the level of culture, the more disreputable sides of life could be accommodated within a society that ostensibly prized respectability.
Kinetic ‘jets’ from fast-moving pulsars
Authors: Barkov Maxim V , Lyutikov Maxim , Klingler Noel , Bordas Pol 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSome fast-moving pulsars, such as the Guitar and the Lighthouse, exhibit asymmetric non-thermal emission features that extend well beyond their ram pressure confined pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). Based on our 3D relativistic simulations, we analytically explain these features as kinetically streaming pulsar wind particles that escaped into the interstellar medium (ISM) due to reconnection between the PWN and ISM magnetic fields. The structure of the reconnecting magnetic fields at the incoming and outgoing regions produces highly asymmetric magnetic bottles therefore and result in asymmetric extended features. For the features to become visible, the ISM magnetic field should be sufficiently high, BISM &gt; 10 $\mu$G. We also discuss archival observations of PWNe displaying evidence of kinetic jets: the Dragonfly PWN (PSR J2021 + 3651), G327.1–1.1, and MSH 11–62, the latter two of which exhibit symmetric ‘snail eyes’ morphologies. We suggest that in those cases the pulsar is moving along the ambient magnetic field in a frisbee-type configuration.
The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): constraining diffuse Galactic radio emission in the North Celestial Pole region
Authors: Dickinson C , Barr A , Chiang H C , Copley C , Grumitt R D P , Harper S E , Heilgendorff H M , Jew L R P , Jonas J L , Jones Michael E , Leahy J P , Leech J , Leitch E M , Muchovej S J C , Pearson T J , Peel M W , Readhead A C S , Sievers J , Stevenson M A , Taylor Angela C 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS) is a high sensitivity all-sky radio survey at an angular resolution of 45 arcmin and a frequency of 4.7 GHz. We present a total intensity map of the North Celestial Pole (NCP) region of sky, above declination &gt;+80°, which is limited by source confusion at a level of ≈0.6 mK rms. We apply the template-fitting (cross-correlation) technique to WMAP and Planck data, using the C-BASS map as the synchrotron template, to investigate the contribution of diffuse foreground emission at frequencies ∼20–40 GHz. We quantify the anomalous microwave emission (AME) that is correlated with far-infrared dust emission. The AME amplitude does not change significantly (${\lt }10\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) when using the higher frequency C-BASS 4.7 GHz template instead of the traditional Haslam 408 MHz map as a tracer of synchrotron radiation. We measure template coefficients of 9.93 ± 0.35 and $9.52\pm 0.34\,$ K per unit τ353 when using the Haslam and C-BASS synchrotron templates, respectively. The AME contributes $55\pm 2\, \mu$K rms at 22.8 GHz and accounts for ${\approx } 60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total foreground emission. Our results show that a harder (flatter spectrum) component of synchrotron emission is not dominant at frequencies ≳5 GHz; the best-fitting synchrotron temperature spectral index is β = −2.91 ± 0.04 from 4.7 to 22.8 GHz and β = −2.85 ± 0.14 from 22.8 to 44.1 GHz. Free–free emission is weak, contributing ${\approx } 7\, \mu$K rms (${\approx } 7{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) at 22.8 GHz. The best explanation for the AME is still electric dipole emission from small spinning dust grains.
60Fe in core-collapse supernovae and prospects for X-ray and gamma-ray detection in supernova remnants
Authors: Jones Samuel W , Möller Heiko , Fryer Chris L , Fontes Christopher J , Trappitsch Reto , Even Wesley P , Couture Aaron , Mumpower Matthew R , Safi-Harb Samar 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We investigate 60Fe in massive stars and core-collapse supernovae focussing on uncertainties that influence its production in 15, 20, and 25 M$\odot$ stars at solar metallicity. We find that the 60Fe yield is a monotonic increasing function of the uncertain 59Fe(n, γ)60Fe cross-section and that a factor of 10 reduction in the reaction rate results in a factor of 8–10 reduction in the 60Fe yield, while a factor of 10 increase in the rate increases the yield by a factor of 4–7. We find that none of the 189 simulations we have performed are consistent with a core-collapse supernova triggering the formation of the Solar system, and that only models using 59Fe(n, γ)60Fe cross-section that is less than or equal to that from NON-SMOKER can reproduce the observed 60Fe/26Al line flux ratio in the diffuse interstellar medium. We examine the prospects of detecting old core-collapse supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Milky Way from their gamma-ray emission from the decay of 60Fe, finding that the next generation of gamma-ray missions could be able to discover up to ∼100 such old SNRs as well as measure the 60Fe yields of a handful of known Galactic SNRs. We also predict the X-ray spectrum that is produced by atomic transitions in 60Co following its ionization by internal conversion and give theoretical X-ray line fluxes as a function of remnant age as well as the Doppler and fine-structure line broadening effects. The X-ray emission presents an interesting prospect for addressing the missing SNR problem with future X-ray missions.