bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-cost planar vibration sensor using a modified computer mouse
Authors: Xia Wei , Kong Lingwen , Zhang Jiahuan , Hao Hui , Wang Yiping , Ni Xiaoqi , Wang Ming , Guo Dongmei 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study aims to modify a self-mixing laser mouse as an extremely cost-effective displacement sensor to measure the mechanical oscillation of a commercial shaker and a nano-positioning stage.

Design/methodology/approach
This kind of laser mouse, mostly consisting of a pair of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, two photodiodes and an integrated signal processing unit, is capable of directly giving the x-axis and y-axis components of the measured vibrating displacement. Based on the laser self-mixing interference, the velocity of the object is coded into the Doppler frequency shift of the feedback light, which allows accurate determination of the vibration of the object.

Findings
A commercial shaker has been used to provide standard harmonic oscillation to test the displacement sensor. Within a vibrating frequency range of 110 Hz, the experimental results show that the micrometer scale resolution has been achieved at the velocity of up to 2 m/s, which is much improved compared with the image-based optical mouse. Furthermore, the measurements of the two dimensional displacement of a nano-positioning stage are performed as well. The minimum measurable velocity limit for this sensor has been discussed in detail, and the relative measurement error can be greatly reduced by appropriate selection of the modulation frequency of the triangular injection current.

Originality/value
These results demonstrate the feasibility of this device for the industrial vibration sensing applications.
Modifying the Functional Properties of Egg Proteins Using Novel Processing Techniques: A Review
Authors: Liu Ya‐Fei , Oey Indrawati , Bremer Phil , Carne Alan , Silcock Pat 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEgg proteins can be used in a wide range of food products, owing to their excellent foaming, emulsifying, and gelling properties. Another important functional property is the susceptibility of egg proteins to enzymatic hydrolysis, as protein digestion is closely related to its nutritional value. These functional properties of egg proteins are likely to be changed during food processing. Conventional thermal processing can easily induce protein denaturation and aggregation and consequently reduce the functionality of egg proteins due to the presence of heat‐labile proteins. Accordingly, there is interest from the food industry in seeking novel nonthermal or low‐thermal techniques that sustain protein functionality. To understand how novel processing techniques, including high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, pulsed light, ultrasound, ozone, and high pressure homogenization, affect protein functionality, this review introduces the mechanisms involved in protein structure modification and describes the structure–functionality relationships. Novel techniques differ in their mechanisms of protein structure modification and some have been shown to improve protein functionality for particular treatment conditions and product forms. Although there is considerable industrial potential for the use of novel techniques, further studies are required to make them a practical reality, as the processing of egg proteins often involves other influencing factors, such as different pH and the presence of other food additives (for example, salts, sugar, and polysaccharides).
‘Chatham's Ghost’ and the Enduring Spectre of Lord Bute's Secret Influence: A Political Negotiation of 1778
Authors: Gilding Ben , Connors Richard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHints about the rise, fall, and reformulations of ministries were common currency in 18th‐century British political rhetoric. However, in 1778, chief among such rumours were three purported negotiations between the earls of Bute and Chatham, aimed at bringing one or both of them into administration. So damaging were these rumours to the political legacies of both individuals and their families, however, that they resorted to a ‘press war’ in order to absolve their respective kinsmen of any involvement. Drawing on previously neglected sources, this work examines these negotiations of 1778 and the subsequent press war in order to highlight the longevity, potency, and significance of the myth of Lord Bute's secret influence 15 years after his resignation from high office. In doing so, this work seeks to correct the common narrative that Lord Bute ceased to be a potent political symbol for constitutional issues following the publication of Edmund Burke's Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents in 1770. Far from being merely an anomalous and spontaneous revival of ill‐sentiments towards Lord Bute, this episode should be seen as a flashpoint in a process of vilification and traducement of the Scottish earl that had never, in fact, ceased and was symptomatic of the continuation of symbolic, or hieroglyphic, depictions of arguments concerning the significant constitutional issues which had been raised by Bute's political presence since the accession of George III.
The Liberal Party, Free Trade and the 1841 Election
Authors: Rowe Christopher 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is a paradox that the Liberal Party's electoral defeat in 1841 attested to its underlying strength and vitality. This article focuses on the impact on party unity of the free trade measures advocated by the ministry in the months preceding its fall. The Liberal Party's bold electoral platform antagonised its protectionist MPs, a group previously overlooked in the historiography, but fell short of the demands of its radical wing for political reform. While all the ingredients for fragmentation existed, unity prevailed. Protestations of loyalty to the leadership could be heard from the mouths of Liberal MPs of all shades, from stalwart protectionists who coalesced around the ministry on traditional foreign policy grounds through to the most fervent radicals who celebrated its ‘new’ direction. Such findings of cohesion contradict accounts which have hitherto viewed the 1841 electoral defeat as evidence of the party's inchoateness. Indeed, this article shifts the historiographical narrative away from addressing why the Liberals lost to the more pertinent issue of why the losses suffered were not greater. In answering that question, both the sensitivity with which the financial agenda was presented by ministers and the flexibility of different sections of the Liberal Party in interpreting and presenting the free trade measures to the electorate are underlined. Above all, Lord John Russell is rehabilitated as a ‘popular’ leader and his importance in the development of the nascent Liberal Party is unearthed.
Detoxification of Cassava Leaves by Thermal, Sodium Bicarbonate, Enzymatic, and Ultrasonic Treatments
Authors: Latif Sajid , Zimmermann Sonja , Barati Ziba , Müller Joachim 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCassava leaves are a valuable source of protein but the cyanogenic potential limits their use as food and feed. Four different treatments were investigated to detoxify cassava leaves. Thermal (55 °C for 6 hr), sodium bicarbonate (0.4% NaHCO3, 55 °C for 6 hr), enzymatic (0.32% Multifect® GC Extra, 4 hr), and ultrasonic treatments (500 W, 35 kHz, 55 °C, 0.25 hr) reduced the total cyanide (µg HCN equivalents per g fresh leaf or ppm) content by 90%, 93%, 82%, and 84% while the cyanide content reduction in the respective controls was 85%, 90%, 79%, and 84%, respectively. The sodium bicarbonate treatment was found to be the most effective treatment. Therefore, it was further optimized by varying time and temperature. A significant effect on the cyanide content was observed by changing the incubation time while no significant effect of temperature was noticed. Nevertheless, extended incubation time during sodium bicarbonate treatment reduced ascorbic acid content by 7% and 39% when leaves were incubated with sodium bicarbonate for 0.5 hr and 48 hr, respectively.Practical ApplicationCyanogenic glucosides are the major toxic compound in cassava leaves, which limits their use as food and feed. The methods proposed in this study can be used to detoxify cassava leaves, which are generally considered as an inferior by‐product. Hence, detoxified cassava leaves may contribute to fulfil world protein demand in an eco‐sustainable way.
Novel mutation in the DSG1 gene causes autosomal‐dominant striate palmoplantar keratoderma in a large Syrian family
Authors: Abi Zamer Batoul , Mahfood Mona , Saleh Batoul , Al Mutery Abdullah Fahd , Tlili Abdelaziz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPalmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a heterogenous group of skin disorders characterized by a persistent thickening of the palms of the hands and sometimes soles of the feet. PPK can be classified into many types, including diffuse, transgradient, and focal or striate, where the areas of palmoplantar skin are alternatively thickened. Mutations in four main genes, keratin 9 (KRT9), keratin 1 (KRT1), desmoglein (DSG1), and desmoplakin (DSP), have been associated with PPK. Striate PPK (SPPK) is commonly caused by mutations in DSG1. However, DSP and KRT1 gene mutations have been identified in some cases. In this study, fragment and sequencing analysis were performed for a large Syrian family with dominant SPPK. Segregation analysis showed a linkage with DSG1 gene. Direct Sanger sequencing identified a new mutation c.dup165_168AGCA. This frameshift mutation was heterozygous in all affected family members and absent in all normal individuals.
Risk factors and indicators of severe systemic insect sting reactions
Authors: Stoevesandt Johanna , Sturm Gunter J. , Bonadonna Patrizia , Oude Elberink Joanna N.G. , Trautmann Axel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHymenoptera venom allergy ranks among the top three causes of anaphylaxis worldwide, and approximately one‐quarter of sting‐induced reactions are classified as severe. Fatal sting reactions are exceedingly rare, but certain factors may entail a considerably higher risk. Delayed administration of epinephrine and upright posture are situational risk factors which may determine an unfavorable outcome of the acute anaphylactic episode and should be addressed during individual patient education. Systemic mastocytosis and senior age are major, unmodifiable long‐term risk factors and thus reinforce the indication for venom immunotherapy. Vespid venom allergy and male sex likewise augment the risk of severe or even fatal reactions. Further studies are required to assess the impact of specific cardiovascular comorbidities. Available data regarding potential effects of beta‐blockers and/or ACE inhibitors in coexisting venom allergy are inconclusive and do not justify recommendations to discontinue guideline‐directed antihypertensive treatment. The absence of urticaria/angioedema during sting‐induced anaphylaxis is indicative of a severe reaction, serum tryptase elevation, and mast cell clonality. Determination of basal serum tryptase levels is an established diagnostic tool for risk assessment in Hymenoptera venom‐allergic patients. Measurement of platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase activity represents a complementary approach but is not available for routine diagnostic use.
Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias that responded dramatically to bisoprolol transdermal patches in two patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Matsumoto Takahiro , Tamiya Eiji , Yamamoto Shouichi , Kamiyama Takashi , Takabe Tomosato , Kanoh Tatsuji , Daida Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe here report two patients with atrial flutter (AFL) and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) who were undergoing hemodialysis and returned quickly to normal sinus rhythm without hypotension when treated with bisoprolol transdermal patches (Bisono® Tape) (TOA EIYO, Tokyo, Japan). Spontaneous rhythm reversion had not occurred prior to these events in either patient. Our findings indicate that Bisono® Tape may be a new and more effective treatment for AFL and PSVT in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Genotype‐phenotype relationships in mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I): Insights from the International MPS I Registry
Authors: Clarke Lorne A. , Giugliani Roberto , Guffon Nathalie , Jones Simon A. , Keenan Hillary A. , Munoz‐Rojas Maria V. , Okuyama Torayuki , Viskochil David , Whitley Chester B. , Wijburg Frits A. , Muenzer Joseph 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from pathogenic variants in the α‐L‐iduronidase (IDUA) gene. Clinical phenotypes range from severe (Hurler syndrome) to attenuated (Hurler‐Scheie and Scheie syndromes) and vary in age of onset, severity, and rate of progression. Defining the phenotype at diagnosis is essential for disease management. To date, no systematic analysis of genotype‐phenotype correlation in large MPS I cohorts have been performed. Understanding genotype‐phenotype is critical now that newborn screening for MPS I is being implemented. Data from 538 patients from the MPS I Registry (380 severe, 158 attenuated) who had 2 IDUA alleles identified were examined. In the 1076 alleles identified, 148 pathogenic variants were reported; of those, 75 were unique. Of the 538 genotypes, 147 (27%) were unique; 40% of patients with attenuated and 22% of patients with severe MPS I had unique genotypes. About 67.6% of severe patients had genotypes where both variants identified are predicted to severely disrupt protein/gene function and 96.1% of attenuated patients had at least one missense or intronic variant. This dataset illustrates a close genotype/phenotype correlation in MPS I but the presence of unique IDUA missense variants remains a challenge for disease prediction.
Adsorption and precipitation of myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate onto kaolinite
Authors: Hu Zhen , Jaisi Deb P. , Yan Yupeng , Chen Hongfeng , Wang Xiaoming , Wan Biao , Liu Fan , Tan Wenfeng , Huang Qiaoyun , Feng Xionghan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSorption of myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP), a common type of organic phosphorus in soils, largely controls its mobility and bioavailability. Research on the interaction between IHP and phyllosilicate minerals such as kaolinite, which is commonly present in highly weathered soils, has often been neglected, probably due to the common assumption that negatively charged phyllosilicate minerals have low sorption capacity and binding affinity to IHP and thus do not play any significant role in its fate. Here, the interaction between IHP and poorly crystallized kaolinite (KGa‐2) was investigated in batch experiments using Zeta (ζ) potential measurement and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results showed that dissolved Al(III) concentration at the adsorption initiation stage increased with increasing IHP concentration at pH 4.0. From pH 2.5 to 9.0, IHP presented a maximum sorption capacity (50 μmol g−1) at pH 4.0 at 24 hr. With IHP sorption, the ζ potential of kaolinite first decreased sharply to a negative value, then gradually increased with resorption of Al(III) released from kaolinite dissolution at acidic pH, and finally approached the original value of the pure kaolinite. 31P NMR spectroscopy and ζ potential analyses revealed that IHP formed inner‐sphere surface complexes and aluminium phytate precipitated on kaolinite at low pH (2.5 and 4.0), whereas the formation of inner‐sphere surface complexes was the dominant sorption mechanism at pH ≥ 5.5. This study implies that various mechanisms, depending on ambient pH condition, can dominate the IHP sorption onto kaolinite, which impacts the mobility and bioavailability of phosphorus in highly weathered soils.Highlights
IHP promotes the dissolution of kaolinite mainly through the formation of aluminium phytate complex.
IHP sorption presents a sharp maximum at pH 4.0.
IHP forms inner‐sphere complexes at the surface of kaolinite.
Formation of aluminium phytate surface precipitates is favourable at relatively low pH.
Clay content and mineralogy, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity affect water vapour sorption hysteresis of soil
Authors: Arthur Emmanuel , Tuller Markus , Moldrup Per , de Jonge Lis W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe hysteretic behaviour of the dry region (<−1.5 MPa) of the soil water characteristic, which is of the essence for accurate characterization and modelling of bio‐physicochemical soil processes under dry conditions, is well documented. However, knowledge about how to best quantify water vapour sorption hysteresis and about the effects of soil properties on dry‐region hysteretic behaviour is limited. To overcome this knowledge gap, we proposed a new method for quantifying sorption hysteresis and evaluated its applicability based on measured sorption isotherms of four source clay minerals and 147 soil samples. Furthermore, the effects of clay mineralogy, clay content, soil organic carbon (SOC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) on the magnitude of sorption hysteresis were investigated. For the clay minerals, kaolinite did not exhibit hysteretic behaviour, illite showed some hysteresis, whereas Na‐ and Ca‐smectite exhibited strong hysteretic behaviour. The average hysteresis, corrected for clay and SOC contents, was strongly reflective of the dominant clay mineralogy of the soil samples. For the soil samples with low SOC content, the average hysteresis significantly increased with increasing clay content (R2 = 0.92), except for the kaolinite‐rich samples (R2 = 0.35). The SOC‐rich samples that exhibited illitic clay mineralogy and similar soil texture showed a significant increase in average hysteresis with increasing organic carbon content (R2 = 0.93). For all soil samples combined, the CEC was the strongest indicator for the magnitude of water vapour sorption hysteresis.Highlights

A new index for quantification of soil vapour sorption hysteresis was proposed
Large SOC and clay content increased sorption hysteresis
For soil samples, dominant clay mineralogy controlled the magnitude of hysteresis
Cation exchange capacity was the best predictor of hysteresis for all soil types
Stand age‐related effects on soil respiration in rubber plantations (Hevea brasiliensis) in southwest China
Authors: Gao Jinbo , Zhang Yiping , Song Qinghai , Lin Youxing , Zhou Ruiwu , Dong Yuxin , Zhou Liguo , Li Jing , Jin Yanqiang , Zhou Wenjun , Liu Yuntong , Sha Liqing , Grace John , Liang Naishen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe land use change from tropical forests to rubber plantations has had a great influence on ecosystem‐level carbon (C) exchange and soil C dynamics. This study aimed to assess the variation of soil respiration and its components in rubber plantations of different stand age. A trenching method was used to partition soil respiration (RS) into autotrophic respiration (RA) and heterotrophic respiration (RH) for 3 years in 12, 24, 32 and 49‐year‐old rubber plantations. Our results showed that RS changed significantly among rubber plantations, with the highest RS in the old‐growth rubber plantation (49‐year plantation, 147.30 ± 6.91 mg CO2‐C m−2 hr−1) followed by the mature (137.16 ± 7.68 and 108.10 ± 4.83 in 24‐year and 32‐year plantations, respectively) and the young (12‐year plantation, 78.43 ± 3.84 mg CO2‐C m−2 hr−1) rubber plantations. RS was significantly and exponentially related to soil temperature (p < .0001) rather than soil water content, which led to higher RS in the rainy season than in the dry season. The contribution of RA to RS was higher in the mature rubber plantation than in the young (27%) and the old‐growth (20%) rubber plantations. The sensitivity of RS to increasing temperature (Q10) was higher in 32‐ and 49‐year plantations than in 12‐ and 24‐year rubber plantations. The largest Q10 value of RH and RA was found in the old‐growth (49‐year plantation, 2.95) and the mature (32‐year plantation, 8.01) rubber plantations, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of environmental factors in determining the variation in RS in rubber plantations with different stand age. However, further studies are still required to elucidate the mechanisms impacting stand age‐related effects on soil respiration, such as the differences in photosynthesis in rubber plantations.Highlights

Soil respiration (RS) in four rubber plantations of different stand age was examined.
RS tended to increase with the increasing stand age.
The contribution of autotrophic respiration (RA) to RS was higher in the mature stands.
Q10 values of heterotrophic respiration (RH) and RA were higher in old‐growth and mature stands, respectively.
Lifetime estimation of mechanical assemblies under constant amplitude fretting fatigue loading
Authors: Carpinteri Andrea , Vantadori Sabrina , Zanichelli Andrea 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the present paper, a new analytical methodology to estimate both crack path and lifetime of metallic structural components under fretting fatigue elastic partial slip loading condition is proposed. Such a methodology consists in the joint application of (a) the criterion by Carpinteri et al for metallic structures under multiaxial constant amplitude fatigue loading in high‐cycle fatigue regime, (b) the critical direction method by Araújo et al, and (c) the critical distance method by Taylor, in the form of the line method. The accuracy of the above methodology is evaluated through experimental tests available in the literature, performed employing two cylindrical fretting pads pressed with a constant normal load against a dog‐bone type test specimen subjected to a cyclic axial load. All these components are made of Al 7075‐T651 aluminium alloy.
TWO CULTURES OF THE POSTHUMAN FUTURE
Authors: SIMON ZOLTÁN BOLDIZSÁR 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe posthuman has been looming large on the human horizon lately. Yet there is no shared understanding of what a posthuman future could possibly mean, and the tension between a technological‐scientific prospect of posthumanity and the critical posthumanist scholarship of the humanities is growing palpable. Whereas the former harbors a novel sense of historicity signaled by the expectation of an evental change to bring about the technological posthuman as a previously nonexistent and other‐than‐human central subject, the latter theorizes a postanthropocentric subjectivity of beings still human. In doing so, it extends the already familiar emancipatory concerns of the human world over the nonhuman, with special attention paid to the ecological other. Despite the occasional claims of critical posthumanism to bring humanities and technological‐scientific approaches to a shared platform, the prospect of technological beings of unparalleled power and the ecotopia of species equality do not fit together very well. In this article I argue that, in their present shape, technological posthumanity and critical posthumanism represent hardly reconcilable social imaginaries and two cultures of the posthuman future. My intervention is a plea for developing a more profound and mutual understanding of both. Instead of advocating particular agendas that nevertheless claim validity for the entirety of planetary life and the entire scholarly enterprise of knowledge‐production, we could invest more in efforts to come to grips with both social imaginaries and venture jointly into the creation of the conceptual tools of a new knowledge economy of understanding the rapidly changing world and our own (post)human prospects.