bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Human Metabolism of Nuts Proanthocyanidins does not Reveal Urinary Metabolites Consistent with Distinctive Gut Microbiota Metabotypes
Authors: Cortés‐Martín Adrián , Selma María Victoria , Espín Juan Carlos , García‐Villalba Rocío 
Published: November 2018

ScopeThe stratification of individuals according to their gut microbiota metabotypes is crucial to understand the polyphenols health effects as reported for isoflavones and ellagitannins. To date, the existence of human gut microbiota metabotypes associated with proanthocyanidins (PAs) catabolism remains unclear.Methods & ResultsSixty‐eight healthy volunteers (40 adolescents and 28 adults) consumed a mixture of walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts for 3 days, providing 163.65 ± 11.74 mg of PAs. Urine samples were analyzed by ultra‐performance LC–ESI‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight. Twenty‐one isomers of conjugated valerolactones and valeric acids were identified, which derived from six valerolactone and valeric acid precursors after analysis of hydrolyzed urine. This combined approach allowed discrimination between the inter‐individual variability related to phase‐II enzymes polymorphisms and the metabolism of PAs by the gut microbiota. No associations of PAs metabolism with gender, age, BMI, or ellagitannin metabotypes were found. Different quantitative excretion was observed after multivariate analysis but not true gut microbiota metabotypes associated with PAs catabolism.ConclusionsThe metabolism of PAs does not reveal urinary metabolites consistent with distinctive gut microbiota metabotypes. The quantitative excretion of metabolites is inadequate to stratify individuals due to the strong influence of external factors (source, quantity, and time of the last intake of PAs, etc.).
The challenges on the family unit faced by younger couples affected by prostate cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Collaço Nicole , Wagland Richard , Alexis Obrey , Gavin Anna , Glaser Adam , Watson Eila K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe number of younger men being diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa; aged ≤65) is increasing. It is recognised that PCa and treatment side effects can have a significant impact on quality of life. This study explores the challenges faced by younger couples affected by PCa with dependent children (under 18 years) or young adults (18‐29 years) in their families.MethodsTwenty‐three men with PCa and their partners were interviewed (separately) by telephone. Participants were recruited from respondents to the life after prostate cancer diagnosis (LAPCD) national survey. Men were 3 to 5 years postdiagnosis, and following a range of treatment pathways. Data were analysed using the Framework Approach.ResultsYounger couples affected by PCa felt challenged by issues relating to their parental role and the dynamics within the family. Five main themes emerged: difficult conversations about PCa diagnosis; parental perceptions of the impact of diagnosis on children; parental responses to the impact of PCa on the family; shielding, coping, and normalising strategies; and levels of support.ConclusionsA diagnosis of PCa can cause significant disruption to the family unit and the quality of life of its members. Support programmes offering guidance to children/young adults affected by PCa in their family, and addressing the concerns of parents may help families to better adapt. Encouraging clinical professionals to initiate conversations with younger couples about their children may be a way forward in directing appropriate support. Further research is needed to elucidate appropriate, effective supportive interventions.
Compression and Shear Experimental Study of PBX Explosive
Authors: Chen Peng , Yuan Baohui , Chen Rong , Qu Kepeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGenerate compress‐shear loading on Polymer Bonded Explosive (PBX) specimens. The research was carried out to determine the pressure and macroscopic temperature variation occurring in the specimen by using a pressure sensor and a thermocouple. High‐speed photography was used to reveal the macroscopic ignition phenomena. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was used to study the material composition of raw and recovered specimens. The results of the experiments described here clearly show that specimens underwent crush, melt and ignition from impact to reaction. At the same time, the relative content of aluminium decreased. Compared to the direct impact results from split Hopkinson compression‐shear bar tests, the drop‐weight loading pulse is longer, so PBX specimens ignite more easily.
Optimization of flow splitting and make‐up flow conditions in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Liigand Jaanus , de Vries Ronald , Cuyckens Filip 
Published: November 2018

RationaleIn liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) the LC flow is often split prior to the mass spectrometer, for instance, when collecting fractions of the separated sample for other purposes or when less sensitive parallel detection is applied. The aim of this study is to optimize the actual split ratio and make‐up flow composition.MethodsDifferent types of splitters were evaluated in combination with a make‐up flow. A home‐made 1/10 T‐piece splitter and commercial 1/10, 1/100 and 1/250 splitters were evaluated by continuous and accurate measurements of the actual split ratio throughout the LC gradient. The make‐up flow composition was optimized for maximum electrospray ionization (ESI)‐MS sensitivity in the positive mode using ESI efficiency measurements.ResultsAltogether 22 different solvent conditions were tested on 20 pharmaceutical compounds with a wide variety of functional groups and physicochemical properties (molecular weight, logP, and pKa). Methanol/10 mM formic acid in water (90/10) provided on average the best results.ConclusionsMethanol/10 mM formic acid in water (90/10) proved to be the best make‐up flow composition in relation to the average sensitivity obtained. Stronger acidic conditions using oxalic acid or higher formic acid concentrations had a clear positive effect on the sensitivity of compounds with low ionization efficiency. The tested split ratios were relatively stable over the main part of the gradient but showed some variation at very low and very high organic conditions. Differences were larger with methanol compared with acetonitrile containing solvent compositions and when applied without a column or with very long connecting tubing.
Team NimbRo at MBZIRC 2017: Fast landing on a moving target and treasure hunting with a team of micro aerial vehicles
Authors: Beul Marius , Nieuwenhuisen Matthias , Quenzel Jan , Rosu Radu Alexandru , Horn Jannis , Pavlichenko Dmytro , Houben Sebastian , Behnke Sven 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Mohamed Bin Zayed International Robotics Challenge (MBZIRC) 2017 has defined ambitious new benchmarks to advance the state‐of‐the‐art in autonomous operation of ground‐based and flying robots. This study covers our approaches to solve the two challenges that involved micro aerial vehicles (MAV). Challenge 1 required reliable target perception, fast trajectory planning, and stable control of an MAV to land on a moving vehicle. Challenge 3 demanded a team of MAVs to perform a search and transportation task, coined “Treasure Hunt,” which required mission planning and multirobot coordination as well as adaptive control to account for the additional object weight. We describe our base MAV setup and the challenge‐specific extensions, cover the camera‐based perception, explain control and trajectory‐planning in detail, and elaborate on mission planning and team coordination. We evaluated our systems in simulation as well as with real‐robot experiments during the competition in Abu Dhabi. With our system, we—as part of the larger team NimbRo—won the MBZIRC Grand Challenge and achieved a third place in both subchallenges involving flying robots.
Online motion planning for unexplored underwater environments using autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Hernández Juan David , Vidal Eduard , Moll Mark , Palomeras Narcís , Carreras Marc , Kavraki Lydia E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present an approach to endow an autonomous underwater vehicle with the capabilities to move through unexplored environments. To do so, we propose a computational framework for planning feasible and safe paths. The framework allows the vehicle to incrementally build a map of the surroundings, while simultaneously (re)planning a feasible path to a specified goal. To accomplish this, the framework considers motion constraints to plan feasible 3D paths, that is, those that meet the vehicle’s motion capabilities. It also incorporates a risk function to avoid navigating close to nearby obstacles. Furthermore, the framework makes use of two strategies to ensure meeting online computation limitations. The first one is to reuse the last best known solution to eliminate time‐consuming pruning routines. The second one is to opportunistically check the states’ risk of collision. To evaluate the proposed approach, we use the Sparus II performing autonomous missions in different real‐world scenarios. These experiments consist of simulated and in‐water trials for different tasks. The conducted tasks include the exploration of challenging scenarios such as artificial marine structures, natural marine structures, and confined natural environments. All these applications allow us to extensively prove the efficacy of the presented approach, not only for constant‐depth missions (2D), but, more important, for situations in which the vehicle must vary its depth (3D).
Understanding human motion and gestures for underwater human–robot collaboration
Authors: Islam Md Jahidul , Ho Marc , Sattar Junaed 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we present a number of robust methodologies for an underwater robot to visually detect, follow, and interact with a diver for collaborative task execution. We design and develop two autonomous diver‐following algorithms, the first of which utilizes both spatial‐ and frequency‐domain features pertaining to human swimming patterns to visually track a diver. The second algorithm uses a convolutional neural network‐based model for robust tracking‐by‐detection. In addition, we propose a hand gesture‐based human–robot communication framework that is syntactically simpler and computationally more efficient than the existing grammar‐based frameworks. In the proposed interaction framework, deep visual detectors are used to provide accurate hand gesture recognition; subsequently, a finite‐state machine performs robust and efficient gesture‐to‐instruction mapping. The distinguishing feature of this framework is that it can be easily adopted by divers for communicating with underwater robots without using artificial markers or requiring memorization of complex language rules. Furthermore, we validate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed methodologies through a number of field experiments in closed‐ and open‐water environments. Finally, we perform a user interaction study to demonstrate the usability benefits of our proposed interaction framework compared to the existing methods.
Spray‐Assisted Coil–Globule Transition for Scalable Preparation of Water‐Resistant CsPbBr3@PMMA Perovskite Nanospheres with Application in Live Cell Imaging
Authors: Wang Yuanwei , Varadi Linda , Trinchi Adrian , Shen Jianhua , Zhu Yihua , Wei Gang , Li Chunzhong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite their impressive optical properties, lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have not realized their potential, especially in bioimaging applications, as they suffer from poor moisture and thermal stability, solvent incompatibility, and significant toxicity. Here, a spray‐assisted coil–globule transition method for encapsulating CsPbBr3 (CPB) PQDs into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer nanospheres is reported. Polyvinylpyrrolidone‐capped CPB PQDs are synthesized via the ligand assisted reprecipitation method in dichloromethane. After dissolving PMMA, the above precursor solution is sprayed into petroleum ether under high pressure N2. High‐pressure nebulization restricts the interactions between PMMA polymer chains, resulting in the formation of ≈112 nm nanoscale composite spheres after a coil–globule transition. The CPB@PMMA nanospheres not only possess 73% quantum yields but retain 81% of fluorescence intensity after the exposure to water for over 80 days. Due to their confined size and biocompatible encapsulation, they are readily available for cellular uptake and exhibit no toxicity on live HeLa cells. Furthermore, the PMMA surface allows for functional surface modification, carrying the possibility of targeting specific biological species and processes.
A Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Polyacrylamide Electrolyte‐Based Flexible and Sewable High‐Performance Zn–MnO2 Battery with Superior Shear Resistance
Authors: Wang Donghong , Li Hongfei , Liu Zhuoxin , Tang Zijie , Liang Guojin , Mo Funian , Yang Qi , Ma Longtao , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is a growing demand for flexible and wearable energy devices. How to enhance their tolerance to various mechanical stresses is a key issue. Bending, stretching, or twisting of flexible batteries has been widely researched. However, shear force is inevitably applied on the batteries during stretching, bending, and twisting. Unfortunately, thus far, research on analyzing shear resistance of solid batteries or even enhancing the shear tolerance has never been reported. Herein, a sewable Zn–MnO2 battery based on a nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)/ployacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel, electrodeposited Zn nanoplates anode, and carbon nanotube (CNT)/α‐MnO2 cathode is reported. The designed NFC/PAM hydrogel exhibits a relatively high mechanical strength with a large stretchability; the preformed NFC bone network stabilizes the large pores as channels for electrolyte diffusion. Furthermore, the effect of sewing on enhancing the shear resistance of the solid batteries is analyzed. The sewed Zn–MnO2 battery retains 88.5% of its capacity after 120 stitches, and withstands a large shear force of 43 N. The sewable and safe Zn–MnO2 is also able to be designed into a skirt and put on a toy as an energy source to power a red light emitting diode.
A genomic survey of nitrogen assimilation pathways in budding yeasts (sub‐phylum Saccharomycotina)
Authors: Linder Tomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSequenced genomes of 149 species of budding yeast (including 62 species with draft genomes that currently lack gene annotations) were surveyed for the presence of 24 genes associated with the assimilation of amines, uracil, dihydropyrimidines, purines, uric acid, allantoin, and nitrate as nitrogen sources. Genes for the assimilation of primary amines were distributed broadly across the Saccharomycotina while choline assimilation appeared to be mostly restricted to the families Debaryomycetaceae, Metschnikowiaceae, and Pichiaceae. Conversely, the uracil catabolic pathway was completely absent in Debaryomycetaceae and Metschnikowiaceae but present in the majority of the remaining Saccharomycotina. The super‐pathway for assimilation of purines, uric acid, and allantoin was present in the majority of surveyed species. Genes for the assimilation of nitrate were restricted to a minority of species in families Phaffomycetaceae, Pichiaceae, and Trichomonascaceae as well as some currently unassigned genera. This study also successfully identified yeast homologs of all six previously known eukaryotic genes involved in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor, which is required for the activity of the nitrogen assimilation‐associated enzymes nitrate reductase and xanthine oxidoreductase. Analysis of 1,187 upstream intergenic regions identified three novel putative regulatory motifs for the assimilation of uracil, purines, and uric acid as well as a possible role for the MADS‐box transcription factor Mcm1 in the regulation of amine assimilation genes.
Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for improved l-arginine synthesis by enhancing NADPH supply
Authors: Zhan Milin , Kan Baojun , Dong Jinjun , Xu Guochao , Han Ruizhi , Ni Ye 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum SNK 118 was metabolically engineered with improved l-arginine titer. Considering the crucial role of NADPH level in l-arginine production, pntAB (membrane-bound transhydrogenase) and ppnK (NAD+ kinase) were co-expressed to increase the intracellular NADPH pool. Expression of pntAB exhibited significant effects on NADPH supply and l-arginine synthesis. Furthermore, argR and farR, encoding arginine repressor ArgR and transcriptional regulator FarR, respectively, were removed from the genome of C. glutamicum. The competitive branch pathway gene ldh was also deleted. Eventually, an engineered C. glutamicum JML07 was obtained for l-arginine production. Fed-batch fermentation in 5-L bioreactor employing strain JML07 allowed production of 67.01 g L−1 l-arginine with productivity of 0.89 g L−1 h−1 and yield of 0.35 g g−1 glucose. This study provides a productive l-arginine fermentation strain and an effective cofactor manipulating strategy for promoting the biosynthesis of NADPH-dependent metabolites.
Association Between Childhood and Adolescent Sexual Abuse Experiences and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Chinese Youth
Authors: Ding Ruoxi , Wen Xu , He Ping , Guo Chao , Luo Yanan , Song Xinming , Zheng Xiaoying 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Adolescents are at high risk for negative health outcomes associated with high-risk sexual behaviors (HRSBs), and researchers have attempted to identify factors that influence such behavior so that meaningful prevention and intervention programs may be developed.

Aim
To investigate the associations between CSA experience and HRSBs in Chinese youth aged 15-24 years old.

Methods
Data were from the Survey of Youth Access to Reproductive Health in China, a national sample survey conducted in 2009. The following behaviors were classified as HRSBs: condom non-use during the first sexual experience, having sex with multiple partners, taking part in casual sex, engaging in commercial sex, taking part in anal sex, and condom non-use during the most recent sexual encounter. Differences in HRSBs between the sexes were examined. The χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to estimate the association between CSA experience and HRSBs.

Main Outcome Measure
The sexual behaviors of condom non-use during the first sexual experience, sexual activity with multiple partners, taking part in casual sex, engaging in commercial sex (defined as paying or receiving money/gifts in exchange for sex), taking part in anal sex, and condom non-using during the most recent sexual intercourse were classified as HRSBs.

Results
4,974 Sexually active youth were included in this study, 150 respondents (3.0%) reported CSA experience, and 3,950 (79.4%) sexually active youth had engaged in at least 1 type of HRSBs. The odds of having sex with multiple partners (odds ratio [OR] 4.31, 95% CI 3.07–6.07), casual sex (OR 3.65, 95% CI 2.55–5.24), commercial sex (OR 7.43, 95% CI 5.13–10.77), anal copulation (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.57–4.12), or any of these HRSBs (OR 5.02, 95% CI 2.33–10.80) were significantly higher among those who had experienced CSA. There was a gender-specific difference in the associations of CSA with different types of HRSBs.

Conclusion
Sexual abuse experience in childhood is highly correlated with HRSBs among Chinese youth, and the pattern of this association differs between males and females. Public knowledge and social assistance systems needs to be improved for children and youth in China. Gender-specific counter-measures may be more efficient for interventions.
Bryolithochemical studies in the search for and evaluation of gold–silver mineralization based on stream sediments (northeastern Russia)
Authors: Makshakov A.S. , Kravtsova R.G. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The first bryolithochemical studies have been carried out within the Dukat ore field (Balygychan–Sugoi trough, northeastern Russia), in its northeast (Dukat Au–Ag deposit, Chaika site) and on its eastern flank (Au–Ag ore occurrence, Piritovyi site). Sampling was made along primary water streams draining Au–Ag ore zones, because the headstreams localized in the permafrost zone are poor in alluvial sediments or lack them, whereas the stream banks and beds are overgrown with aquatic and semiaquatic mosses. We examined samples of moss cushions with loose sediments (fine silt suspension and sand–silt material). The study has shown that moss cushions are an effective natural trap extracting finely dispersed, ultradisperse, and colloid-dispersed particles, including ore ones, from water stream suspension. The contents of major elements indicating Au–Ag mineralization (Au, Ag, Hg, Sb, As, Pb, and Zn) in the bryolithochemical and lithochemical samples were compared. The highest contents of these elements have been revealed in the bryolithochemical samples. Scintillation analysis shows a predominance of finely dispersed Au and Ag particles. The chemical composition of lithoparticles and probable species of elements indicating mineralization were studied by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. It has been concluded that the bryolithochemical stream sediments are an integral part of the lithochemical ones and can also be effectively used to reveal geochemical anomalies and identify the corresponding ores. It is shown that the bryolithochemical sediment streams bear important information about the chemical composition of primary ores, as they have the same major indicator elements (Au, Ag, Hg, Sb, As, Pb, and Zn) and nearly the same mineral composition (finely dispersed gold and silver, electrum, silver sulfosalts, and simple sulfides). The proposed bryolithochemical research is promising not only for northeastern Russia but also for other areas with similar landscapes, primarily areas where lithochemical and bryolithochemical stream sediments form in the northern subarctic and arctic environments.
Risk-sensitive semi-Markov decision processes with general utilities and multiple criteria
Authors: Huang Yonghui , Lian Zhaotong , Guo Xianping 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper we investigate risk-sensitive semi-Markov decision processes with a Borel state space, unbounded cost rates, and general utility functions. The performance criteria are several expected utilities of the total cost in a finite horizon. Our analysis is based on a type of finite-horizon occupation measure. We express the distribution of the finite-horizon cost in terms of the occupation measure for each policy, wherein the discount is not needed. For unconstrained and constrained problems, we establish the existence and computation of optimal policies. In particular, we develop a linear program and its dual program for the constrained problem and, moreover, establish the strong duality between the two programs. Finally, we provide two special cases of our results, one of which concerns the discrete-time model, and the other the chance-constrained problem.