bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La conception de la beauté corporelle dans « La Culture Physique » : la recherche de l’idéal antique
Authors: Campillo Philippe , Porrovecchio Alessandro 
Published: March 2018

La culture physique, le culturisme, le body-building entretiennent et développent par des méthodes d’entraînement spécifique la musculature à des fins de bien-être, mais aussi d’esthétique du corps. Lors des compétitions, la beauté plastique des sujets est évaluée, comparée et classée. Depuis la fin XIX e siècle, les indices perceptibles, quantifiables de la conception de la beauté, interpellent les pratiquants et les jurés de ces concours. Cette préoccupation de l’évaluation de la plastique corporelle, sans oublier celle de la santé et de la force, est présente dans le corpus de la revue La Culture Physique , depuis sa création par Desbonnet en 1904. Dans la promotion par l’exercice de la « santé, beauté, force » , deux tendances de la pratique de la musculation traversent la seconde partie du XX e siècle. L’une concernant la recherche initiale de l’équilibre harmonique aux mesures d’inspiration antique, l’autre, apparue après 1945, centrée sur l’apologie de l’hypertrophie volumique et la disproportion massique comme signes d’excellence. Depuis ces prémices, l’étude aborde l’analyse de plusieurs articles de la revue La Culture Physique s’exprimant sur le jugement de l’esthétique. Elle révèle les filiations scientifiques et culturelles qui ont participé à l’élaboration d’une certaine mouvance de la musculation avec un sens de l’esthétique bien défini, quantifiant l’idéal de l’harmonie selon différents modèles de sculptures antiques notamment le Doryphore de Polyclète pour l’expression de la beauté en opposition à l’incarnation de la force chez l’Hercule de Farnèse.
De l’art de la gymnastique (1569), au culturisme et aux premières compétitions organisées (1904). L’Emergence du body-building ?
Authors: Gleyse Jacques 
Published: March 2018

L’histoire du body-building peut se limiter à l’histoire d’une pratique s’initiant au moment de la formulation du terme. La pratique elle-même ne saurait se limiter à cette expression. En effet, sans doute depuis l’antiquité grecque ou romaine des pratiques physiques utilisant des poids additionnels et visant la forme physique sont mises en œuvre par des acteurs ou même proposées et analysées par des théoriciens. Il semble pourtant que ce soit à la fin de la Renaissance ou à l’Age Classique, avec la naissance de la modernité que cette pratique devienne à la fois théorisée et systématisée au plan méthodologique. Elle ne deviendra toutefois une pratique compétitive qu’au début de la période contemporaine en prenant de plus en plus souvent le nom de body-building qui remplacera le mot français « culturisme ».
Essai de typologie des corps à travers la pratique du bodybuilding
Authors: Jarthon Jeanne-Maud 
Published: March 2018

Le bodybuilding, terme anglo-saxon souvent traduit par « culturisme », est une pratique sportive mais également un style de vie (nous y reviendrons dans les analyses), destinés à donner du volume aux muscles du corps, et à sculpter ce dernier afin d’obtenir des proportions idéales, du moins aux yeux des pratiquants. Cet article va tenter de montrer les représentations que les pratiquants de bodybuilding ont de leurs corps et surtout de leur pratique à travers deux questions particulières. La première est de savoir si cette construction singulière du corps, par le bodybuilding, correspond à l’incorporation particulière des normes sociales par certains individus hommes ou femmes ? La seconde si le bodybuilding reflète ou non la construction des identités individuelles ? Pour comprendre la pratique du bodybuilding l’analyse s’est portée sur des usages du corps et sur la pratique en elle même. Cela a permis de mettre en évidence 3 catégories, qui sont distinctes, mais pas fixes.
Recherche de prise de masse musculaire et dysmorphie musculaire chez les bodybuilders : une revue de la littérature anglophone
Authors: Chaba Lisa , Scoffier-Mériaux Stéphanie , Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa , d’Arripe-Longueville Fabienne 
Published: March 2018

La Dysmorphie Musculaire (DM) est une préoccupation excessive relative à la prise de masse musculaire et à l’adoption de comportements déviants associés qui touche particulièrement les bodybuilders. Bien que plusieurs méta-analyses aient été réalisées sur ce sujet, aucune d’entre elles n’a porté sur les facteurs sociodémographiques, socioculturels et psychologiques associés à la DM. L’objectif de ce travail était de recenser l’ensemble des articles scientifiques publiés dans des revues internationales en langue anglaise, entre 1995 et 2017, relatifs à la recherche de prise de masse musculaire et à la DM. A l’aide de trois bases de données électroniques (GoogleScholar, PubMed, et ScienceDirect) et selon trois critères d’inclusion, 86 articles ont été retenus. L’analyse du contenu de ces articles a permis d’identifier quatre catégories de travaux: (a) les comportements et les troubles associés à la recherche de masse musculaire et à la DM; (b) les facteurs sociodémographiques; (c) les facteurs socio-culturels; (d) et les facteurs psychologiques associés. Les apports de ces études sont discutés, et leurs limites identifiées afin d’envisager des perspectives de recherches et de prévention.
« Ceux qui disent que je suis malade, je les invite à venir prendre l’entraînement avec moi. » Devenir body-builder à l’épreuve du VIH
Authors: Ferez Sylvain , Perera Éric 
Published: March 2018

Lorsqu’on est séropositif, pratiquer le body-building génère certaines contradictions face aux attentes biomédicales et à l’incitation à une pratique sportive modérée. Dans quelle mesure les dispositions associées à la pratique du body-building interfèrent-elles sur la gestion de la maladie chronique ? En quoi participent-elles à la construction d’une identité de « coriace », c’est-à-dire au déploiement d’une résistance farouche à l’égard des injonctions médicales au nom du contrôle de soi ? C’est à partir de l’étude du cas de Cédric, un «body-builder séropositif», que l’article tente de comprendre la manière dont l’usage du culturisme est mobilisé pour faire face à l’épreuve du VIH. Pour Cédric, cet usage apparaît comme une manière de lutter contre le virus. Le projet de devenir « Mister Univers » (titre mondial de compétition de body-building) lui donne le sentiment d’échapper à la maladie et à ses effets. Il lui permet de reprendre le contrôle de sa vie et de rejeter l’étiquette de « malade chronique ». L’expertise du body-builder, fondée sur un savoir expérientiel qui justifie une réappropriation des connaissances, favorise une redéfinition de la relation patient-médecin. Cédric pousse ainsi la logique de contrôle de son corps (par la pratique du body-building) jusqu’à l’extrême.
Skin-Resident T Cells Drive Dermal Dendritic Cell Migration in Response to Tissue Self-Antigen
Authors: Ali Niwa , Zirak Bahar , Truong Hong-An , Maurano Megan M. , Gratz Iris K. , Abbas Abul K. , Rosenblum Michael D. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Migratory dendritic cell (DC) subsets deliver tissue Ags to draining lymph nodes (DLNs) to either initiate or inhibit T cell–mediated immune responses. The signals mediating DC migration in response to tissue self-antigen are largely unknown. Using a mouse model of inducible skin-specific self-antigen expression, we demonstrate that CD103+ dermal DCs (DDCs) rapidly migrate from skin to skin DLN (SDLNs) within the first 48 h after Ag expression. This window of time was characterized by the preferential activation of tissue-resident Ag-specific effector T cells (Teffs), with no concurrent activation of Ag-specific Teffs in SDLNs. Using genetic deletion and adoptive transfer approaches, we show that activation of skin-resident Teffs is required to drive CD103+ DDC migration in response to tissue self-antigen and this Batf3-dependent DC population is necessary to mount a fulminant autoimmune response in skin. Conversely, activation of Ag-specific Teffs in SDLNs played no role in DDC migration. Our studies reveal a crucial role for skin-resident T cell–derived signals, originating at the site of self-antigen expression, to drive DDC migration during the elicitation phase of an autoimmune response.
Barriers to tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus treatment guidelines adherence among nurses initiating and managing anti-retroviral therapy in KwaZulu-Natal and North West provinces
Authors: Makhado Lufuno , Davhana-Maselesele Mashudu , Farley Jason E. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Nurses, as front-line care providers in the South Africa’s health care system, are called upon to deliver integrated interventions for tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (TB and HIV) including nurse-initiated management of anti-retroviral therapy (NIMART) and anti-TB treatment. Adherence to treatment guidelines and factors associated with non-adherence to treatment guidelines among nurses remain under explored.Purpose: To explore and describe barriers to treatment guidelines adherence among nurses initiating and managing anti-retroviral therapy and anti-TB treatment in KwaZulu-Natal and North West provinces.Design: This study employed a qualitative exploratory descriptive design.Methods: Four semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted during 2014 each consisting of four to eight NIMART trained nurses. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Atlas T.I. software.Findings: During data analysis, two themes emerged: (1) NIMART trained nurses’ distress about TB and HIV guidelines adherence that is inclusive of lack of agreement with guidelines, poor motivation to implement guidelines, poor clinical support and supervision, resistance to change, insufficient knowledge or lack of awareness and (2) exterior factors inhibiting nurses’ adherence to treatment guidelines which incorporated organisational factors, guidelines-related factors and patient-related factors.Conclusion: This qualitative study identified that nurses have substantial concerns over guideline adherence. If NIMART trained nurses’ barriers inhibiting adherence to treatment guidelines cannot be remedied, patient outcomes may suffer and South Africa will struggle to meet the 90-90-90 targets.
Antimicrobial activity of stigmasterol from the stem bark of <i>Neocarya macrophylla</i>
Authors: Yusuf Amina J. , Abdullahi Musa I. , Aleku Godwin A. , Ibrahim Ilyasu A.A. , Alebiosu Celestina O. , Yahaya Maryam , Adamu Hajara W. , Sanusi Abdulrazaq , Mailafiya Maria M. , Abubakar Hassan 
Published: March 2018

Background: Natural products play a significant role in human therapy. They represent a huge reservoir of bioactive chemical diversity and help in understanding the cellular pathways that are essential component of drug discovery process. Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of stigmasterol isolated from the stem bark of Neocarya macrophylla. Methods: Stigmasterol previously isolated from the stem bark of N. macrophylla was subjected to antimicrobial screening against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), S. aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Candida krusei using agar diffusion and broth dilution methods. Results: Susceptibility test results showed that the compound (100 μg/mL) inhibited the growth of all the test organisms with mean zone of inhibition range from 23 mm to 30 mm except the VRE, S. typhi and K. pneumoniae. The activity of stigmasterol was compared with that of ciprofloxacin (5 μg/mL), the standard antibacterial drug, and fluconazole (5 μg/mL), the antifungal agent. The test compound displayed a broad-spectrum of activity, and in many cases exhibited comparable antibacterial activity when compared to ciprofloxacin. Interestingly, the compound also showed antifungal activity against Candida spp., affording comparable inhibitory effect as fluconazole. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) of stigmasterol range from 6.25 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL and from 12.5 μg/mL to 50 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: These properties suggest that the isolated stigmasterol is a potent and broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agent and as such may serve as a lead compound in the development of novel antimicrobial drugs.
Intervention for bilingual speech sound disorders: A case study of an isiXhosa–English-speaking child
Authors: Rossouw Kate , Pascoe Michelle 
Published: March 2018

Background: Bilingualism is common in South Africa, with many children acquiring isiXhosa as a home language and learning English from a young age in nursery or crèche. IsiXhosa is a local language, part of the Bantu language family, widely spoken in the country. Aims: To describe changes in a bilingual child’s speech following intervention based on a theoretically motivated and tailored intervention plan. Methods and procedures: This study describes a female isiXhosa–English bilingual child, named Gcobisa (pseudonym) (chronological age 4 years and 2 months) with a speech sound disorder. Gcobisa’s speech was assessed and her difficulties categorised according to Dodd’s (2005) diagnostic framework. From this, intervention was planned and the language of intervention was selected. Following intervention, Gcobisa’s speech was reassessed. Outcomes and results: Gcobisa’s speech was categorised as a consistent phonological delay as she presented with gliding of/l/in both English and isiXhosa, cluster reduction in English and several other age appropriate phonological processes. She was provided with 16 sessions of intervention using a minimal pairs approach, targeting the phonological process of gliding of/l/, which was not considered age appropriate for Gcobisa in isiXhosa when compared to the small set of normative data regarding monolingual isiXhosa development. As a result, the targets and stimuli were in isiXhosa while the main language of instruction was English. This reflects the language mismatch often faced by speech language therapists in South Africa. Gcobisa showed evidence of generalising the target phoneme to English words. Conclusions and implications: The data have theoretical implications regarding bilingual development of isiXhosa–English, as it highlights the ways bilingual development may differ from the monolingual development of this language pair. It adds to the small set of intervention studies investigating the changes in the speech of bilingual children following intervention. In addition, it contributes to the small amount of data gathered regarding typical bilingual acquisition of this language pair.
Post-stroke depression: Prevalence, associated factors and impact on quality of life among outpatients in a Nigerian hospital
Authors: Oni Osunwale D. , Olagunju Andrew T. , Olisah Victor O. , Aina Olatunji F. , Ojini Francis I. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of post-stroke depression (PSD), its associated factors and impact on quality of life (QoL) among outpatients in a Nigerian hospital.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 140 adults made up of 70 stroke survivors and matched controls with stable hypertension. Participants were administered questionnaires to profile their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Subsequently, they were assessed with the modified mini-mental state examination (MMSE), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), schedule for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQoL-BREF).Results: The mean ages (± s.d.) of stroke survivors and controls were 57.43 (± 9.67) years and 57.33 (± 9.33) years, respectively. Majority of stroke survivors (n = 55 [78.6%]) had infarctive stroke, and 37 (52.9%) had right hemispheric lesion. Sixteen (22.9%) stroke survivors had PSD, with moderate to severe depression (F32.1) being the most prevalent, while none of the controls was clinically depressed. PSD correlated positively with monthly health bill above 10 000 naira ($61), significant post-stroke disability and poorer scores on all QoL domains (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Depression was 20-fold prevalent in stroke survivors compared to controls with stable hypertension, and sevenfold the life-time prevalence reported among adult general population in Nigeria. Furthermore, increased health care bills per month, significant post-stroke disability and poorer QoL indicated survivors more likely to have depression. Findings in this study support the need to pay closer attention to psychosocial needs of stroke survivors to improve well-being. Future longitudinal study on psychosocial burden of stroke is warranted.
Post-partum depression, anxiety and marital satisfaction: A perspective from Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Odinka Jaclyn I. , Nwoke Marybasil , Chukwuorji JohnBosco C. , Egbuagu Kenneth , Mefoh Philip , Odinka Paul C. , Amadi Kennedy U. , Muomah Rosemary C. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Many studies have noted the high prevalence of post-partum depression (PPD) and anxiety associated with poor marital satisfaction, albeit amidst a dearth of literature on comorbid PPD and anxiety among women in Nigeria.Objective: The study was aimed to assess the prevalence of PPD and anxiety, and to investigate their relationship with marital satisfaction in low-risk women in Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria.Method: A cross-sectional study of 309 randomly selected nursing mothers at two tertiary health institutions. Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) were used to collect data on demography, anxiety and depression and marital relationship respectively. All statistical tests were performed at a significant level of 0.05.Results: The age range of the respondents was 20–46 years; mean and s.d. was 29.65 and ± 4.87, respectively, and most of them were graduates of tertiary educational institutions (74.1%). The prevalence of post-partum anxiety was 31.1% and of PPD was 33.3%. Marital dissatisfaction was observed in 39.5% (122) of the respondents who were mothers. Those with co-morbid depression and anxiety (22.0%) had worse marital dissatisfaction. The strongest correlation with depression and anxiety was item 12 of IMS (‘feel that my partner doesn’t confide in me’).Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of marital dissatisfaction, PPD and anxiety among nursing mothers in Enugu, but with low detection rate. The effects of PPD and anxiety on the mother, her marital relationship and her infant make them essential conditions for early diagnosis, prevention and treatments.
Forensic psychiatric assessment process and outcome in state patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Houidi Ahlem , Paruk Saeeda , Sartorius Benn 
Published: March 2018

Background: Individuals who were charged with a serious offence may be referred by courts for forensic psychiatric assessment. The court may declare them as state patients if they are found unfit to stand trial or not criminally responsible because of mental illness or defect.In forensic psychiatry practice, there may be challenges in the forensic psychiatric observation process, and discrepancies may occur between the clinician report and the court’s decision.Objectives: To describe elements of the forensic psychiatric observation and discuss the legal correlates associated with the admission of state patients.Method: A retrospective study of the forensic psychiatric observation records of 91 newly admitted state patients at a forensic unit in KwaZulu-Natal over a 3-year period.Results: A total of 71 state patients (78.02%) were found not fit to stand trial and 10 patients (10.99%) were not criminally responsible. Nine patients (9.89%) were fit to stand trial and criminally responsible but still declared state patients and 13 state patients (14.29%) did not commit a serious offence. There was correlation for diagnosis between the assessing and the treating psychiatrists.Conclusion: The findings of the forensic observation were not always considered by the courts. Individuals found fit to stand trial, those found criminally responsible and those who did not commit serious crimes were declared state patients.
The prevalence of restless leg syndrome among pregnant Saudi women
Authors: Khan Mohmd , Mobeireek Noha , Al-Jahdali Yassar , Al-Dubyan Nujood , Ahmed Anwar , Al-Gamedi Majed , Al-Harbi Abdullah , Al-Jahdali Hamdan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectives: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is common among pregnant women, but it has not been documented in pregnant Saudi Arabian women. The main purpose of this study was to estimate the extent of the prevalence of RLS and identify both the associated factors and the associated risk factors among pregnant Saudi women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women visiting obstetric clinics at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh (KAMC-Riyadh) over the period from June 1 to November 1, 2014. We interviewed the participants and collected demographic data, number of pregnancies, duration of pregnancy, comorbidities, and symptoms of RLS. The diagnosis of RLS is based on the four criteria designated by the International RLS Study Group. Results: The total number of participants enrolled was 517, and the mean age was 30.11 ± 5.42 years. The prevalence of RLS was 21.3% (110/517) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.83%-25.06%). RLS symptoms were more common among women in the third trimester (24.1%) compared to the second trimester (14.3%) and first trimester (13.6%), P = 0.043. The stepwise multivariate logistic model identified insomnia (odds ratio [OR]: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.167–6.017, P = 0.001), and poor sleep quality (OR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.473-16.454, P = 0.010) were associated with RLS. Conclusion: RLS occurs in two of ten pregnant women visiting obstetric clinics at KAMC-Riyadh and is strongly associated with insomnia and poor sleep quality. Studies are needed to explore the causality of these associations.
Pretherapeutic Assessment by Multidetector Computed Tomography for Thyroid Cartilage Invasion in Laryngeal Cancer: A Double‑edged Sword
Authors: Arora Manali , Thakker Vishal D , Sindhwani Geetika , Bhatt Jayesh , Gupta Monica , Shah Jay 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Introduction:Almost one-fourth of head and neck cancers in India are laryngeal cancers. Both conservative and surgical therapeutic approaches are available. According to present tumor-node-metastasis staging protocol, thyroid cartilage invasion is a crucial criterion for diagnosing advanced stages of the disease. A major cartilage invasion depicts T4A stage of disease for which surgical treatment is required. Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in evaluation thyroid cartilage invasion in T3 and T4 stage of laryngeal cancers. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective analysis done in the Department of Radiology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Anand, Gujarat, on 22 patients of T3 and T4 stage of laryngeal cancer who presented for pretherapeutic MDCT neck evaluation. The MDCT results were retrospectively reviewed and compared with postoperative histopathological results. Statistical analysis was done for each parameter as positive predictive value (PPV) (main statistical parameter), negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: MDCT showed a PPV of 60.00% in detecting any type of thyroid cartilage invasion, 66.66% for major and 33.33% for minor cartilage invasion. Extralaryngeal spread of disease was the most specific marker for cartilage involvement. In total, 31.8% of cases were downgraded in staging by pathology. Conclusion: Overestimation of thyroid cartilage invasion by MDCT is a reality which should be in mind before making final therapeutic decisions. Although crucial, it should not be the sole criteria preventing while making a surgical versus conservative therapeutic call.