bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological and Evolutionary Factors Contribute to the Uneven Diversification of Firs in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Xiang Qiaoping , Yang Jie , Gernandt David S. , Ye Tongxin , Yang Ling , Pan Jiaming , Xiang Ruichen , Zhao Cheng , Nakamura Koh , Zhang Xianchun , Liu Yongbo , Wei Ran 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe Northern Hemisphere harbours the greatest diversity of temperate plants on Earth, with East Asia having the highest species richness compared with North America and Europe. When and how this uneven diversification pattern emerged remains unclear. Here, we use a conifer genus that forms extensive forests in the Northern Hemisphere to explore a fundamental question in ecology and evolution: what processes underlie temperate biodiversity through time and space?LocationThe Northern Hemisphere.TaxonAbies.MethodsTo reconstruct a well‐supported framework for estimating diversification rate, we performed phylogenetic analyses using concatenation and coalescent methods based on 58 fir taxa and 56 nuclear single‐copy genes. Niche evolution was explored using species occurrence data and environmental factors based on the l1ou model. Multiple regression was carried out to identify correlations between species richness and environmental variables at global and regional scales, to evaluate factors of species diversity preference, and potentially to explain the evolutionary history of firs.ResultsWe identified East Asia as having the highest species diversity and speciation rate. Two clade‐specific niche shifts corresponding with the distribution of firs were detected, one in the Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains (c. 12.2 Ma) and the other in the Mexican highlands (c. 14.3 Ma), but none in the Euro‐Mediterranean region. Fir species richness increased with cool temperatures both globally and regionally. Seasonal precipitation showed significant positive correlation to species richness on a global scale and in North America and the Euro‐Mediterranean region. Soil factors showed significant trends and moderate correlations with species richness in the Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains and Mexican highlands.Main ConclusionsOur results indicate that modern firs prefer cool climates with seasonal rainfall. East Asian firs experienced niche shifts with the Himalayan orogeny in the Middle Miocene. Novel heterogeneous habitats due to changes in topography and the establishment of a monsoon climate, accompanied by niche shift, can account for the high speciation of firs in East Asia. A similar process is found in the Mexican highland firs. In contrast, cold–dry continental climate in North America since the late Paleogene and the lack of seasonal rainfall and relatively stable topography in the Euro‐Mediterranean region are the main limiting factors for fir diversification. Our study rejects the ‘clade age’ hypothesis but supports the hypothesis that niche shift related to high diversification rate triggered by environmental heterogeneity underlies the uneven species diversity of the Northern Hemisphere.
Artificial intelligence‐based body composition analysis using computed tomography images predicts both prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kim Yoo Hyung , Yoon Ji Won , Lee Bon Hyang , Yoon Jeong Hee , Choe Hun Jee , Oh Tae Jung , Lee Jeong Min , Cho Young Min 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAim/IntroductionWe assess the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based, fully automated, volumetric body composition metrics in predicting the risk of diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional and 10‐year retrospective longitudinal study. The cross‐sectional analysis included health check‐up data of 15,330 subjects with abdominal computed tomography (CT) images between January 1, 2011, and September 30, 2012. Of these, 10,570 subjects with available follow‐up data were included in the longitudinal analyses. The volume of each body segment included in the abdominal CT images was measured using AI‐based image analysis software.ResultsVisceral fat (VF) proportion and VF/subcutaneous fat (SF) ratio increased with age, and both strongly predicted the presence and risk of developing diabetes. Optimal cut‐offs for VF proportion were 24% for men and 16% for women, while VF/SF ratio values were 1.2 for men and 0.5 for women. The subjects with higher VF/SF ratio and VF proportion were associated with a greater risk of having diabetes (adjusted OR 2.0 [95% CI 1.7–2.4] in men; 2.9 [2.2–3.9] in women). In subjects with normal glucose tolerance, higher VF proportion and VF/SF ratio were associated with higher risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes (adjusted HR 1.3 [95% CI 1.1–1.4] in men; 1.4 [1.2–1.7] in women). These trends were consistently observed across each specified cut‐off value.ConclusionsAI‐based volumetric analysis of abdominal CT images can be useful in obtaining body composition data and predicting the risk of diabetes.
Assessment of genomic diversity within and between two cryptic shiners, the West Texas shiner (Notropis megalops) and the Texas shiner (Notropis amabilis)
Authors: Dye Kayla R. , Fields Andrew T. , Bean Megan G. , Robertson Sarah M. , Hollenbeck Christopher M. , Conway Kevin W. , Portnoy David S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe presence of cryptic species can hinder effective conservation planning and implementation, as has been the case for speciose groups of freshwater fishes that are difficult to differentiate due to conserved morphologies. The West Texas shiner Notropis megalops and the Texas shiner Notropis amabilis are a cryptic pair of leuciscids (minnows) that co‐occur in spring‐fed tributaries of the Rio Grande in Texas and Mexico. Both N. megalops and N. amabilis are listed as Species of Greatest Conservation Need by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Notropis amabilis is widespread and listed as apparently secure by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department whereas N. megalops has a very limited distribution and has not been ranked by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department because of data deficiency. Morphological differences between these species have been described; however, proper identification in situ remains problematic. Furthermore, given their range of overlap there is potential for hybridization, and limited genetic data have been collected comparing the species. Therefore, reduced representation genomic and mitochondrial sequencing data were used to reassess the distinctness of the species, screen for hybridization, and characterize their relative frequencies throughout their range of overlap. Genomic analyses recovered two distinct genetic groups corresponding to the species (F'CT = 0.89) with no evidence of admixture or introgression. The species were found to co‐occur at three sampling locations, two in the Devils River and one in the Pecos, but not in equal frequencies. Overall, these results provide data and tools for further research on N. megalops needed for accurate conservation policies and management practices.
DEALA — A novel economic life cycle impact assessment method for differentiated economic assessments in the context of life cycle sustainability assessments
Authors: Popien Jan‐Linus , Barke Alexander , Ginster Raphael , Striecks Theresa , Thies Christian , Spengler Thomas S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLegislation and market competition make it necessary to assess systems regarding their environmental, social, and economic impacts. The life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) approach can be used for this purpose. However, the literature shows limitations of this approach. This article focuses on the often encountered inconsistency and reduced transparency within the economic dimension due to the lack of harmonized impact assessment methods. Therefore, we propose a novel economic life cycle impact assessment (eLCIA) method called DEALA (Differentiated Economic Assessment in a Life Cycle‐Oriented Analysis), which allows economic assessments at three levels of aggregation. Overall, DEALA is based on economic principles and provides a structured approach to conduct environmental life cycle costing studies, resulting in greater transparency, comparability, and flexibility, as illustrated by an initial comparison with an existing case study. DEALA also facilitates a differentiated and detailed analysis of the results so that hotspots and improvement potentials can be identified, making DEALA a suitable economic LCIA method that should be considered in future studies. These benefits are confirmed through a LCSA of a battery supply chain. The assessment provides detailed and specific insights that can be used to design more sustainable battery supply chains.
Comparative life cycle assessment of lithium‐ion, sodium‐ion, and solid‐state battery cells for electric vehicles
Authors: Degen Florian , Mitterfellner Miriam , Kampker Achim 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe transition toward electrification of transportation has resulted in a rapid increase in the demand for battery cells. While this demand is currently being met through the use of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), alternative batteries like sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and solid‐state batteries (SSBs) are emerging as relevant alternatives. In this study, we analyze, based on current electric vehicle electrode stack designs, the environmental impact of LIB cells, SIB cells, and SSB cells. The life cycle assessment results from this cradle‐to‐gate study show that for LIB cell production today, ∼58–92 kgCO2‐eq are emitted per kWhcell and ∼296–624 kWhCED/kWhcell of primary energy is required. In SIB cell production, ∼75–87 kgCO2‐eq/kWhcell is emitted, and in SSB cell production, ∼88–130 kgCO2‐eq/kWhcell, depending on their specific electrode stack configuration. The results demonstrate that LFP (lithium–iron–phosphate) cells require the least energy for production across all battery types under analysis. Furthermore, the findings indicate that, in terms of global warming potential (GWP), LFP and NMC900 (nickel–manganese–cobalt) cells are the most sustainable battery types, at least when focusing solely on battery cell production and neglecting subsequent use phases. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that by optimizing the cell designs and their production, the environmental impact of battery cell production can be reduced in the short term by up to −38%. This allows the production of LFP battery cells with a low GWP of ∼37 kgCO2‐eq/kWhcell and NMC900 cells with ∼44 kgCO2‐eq/kWhcell. Moreover, there is considerable room for improvement in other major LIB cell types. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.
Measuring progress toward a circular economy of the ASEAN Community
Authors: Emami Nargessadat , Miatto Alessio , Gheewala Shabbir , Soonsawad Natthanij , Nguyen Thi Cuc , Chiu Anthony SF , Gue Ivan Henderson , Martinico‐Perez Marianne Faith , Vilaysouk Xaysackda , Schandl Heinz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has committed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which necessitates accelerated progress in sustainable production and consumption. This study employs an economy‐wide material flow analysis to assess the ASEAN community's material use, waste generation, emissions, resource efficiency, and circularity rate. The analysis encompasses the entire ASEAN economy, with a detailed focus on four member countries: Thailand, Laos, the Philippines, and Vietnam. In 2018, ASEAN countries collectively extracted 6449 million metric tons (Mt) of resources, exported 1302 Mt, and recorded a domestic material consumption (DMC) of 6376 Mt. Approximately 40% of this DMC contributed to material stock accumulation. Of the domestic processed output, 58% was released as air emissions, and the end‐of‐life recycling rate was 1.3%. Resource efficiency trends from 1970 to 2021 reveal a general improvement across the region, although Laos and Vietnam exhibited lower efficiency levels than the ASEAN average. The study concludes by comparing the sustainability policy capacities of the four selected countries with their material flows, identifying key areas requiring policy intervention and improvement.
Pilot test of JUNTOS EN PAREJA: Enhancing relationship and financial well‐being in Latine couples
Authors: Yumiseva Martha , Falconier Mariana , Azizi Zeinab 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLatine couples, particularly those who are low‐income and immigrant, often face significant challenges in relationship and financial functioning, areas in which they are frequently underserved by existing programs. This article aimed to test Juntos en Pareja (JEP), a linguistic and cultural adaptation of the TOGETHER program for Latine couples. JEP is a 20‐h, evidence‐based psychoeducational curriculum integrating relationship and financial education. This study assessed its acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness. Self‐report data from 23 Latine low‐income, immigrant, heterosexual, Spanish‐speaking couples in the Washington, D.C., area were collected in 2019–2020 before (T1) and after program participation (T2) and at 3‐month follow‐up (T3). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVAs) were used to analyze changes across time in relationship and financial functioning using self‐report instruments and observable data from three 8‐min discussions. Results indicate that the JEP program is successful in reducing Latine partners’ financial stress and emotional dysregulation and improving their financial management abilities, relationship satisfaction, and dyadic coping, but with some important gender differences. JEP is a beneficial program for Latine couples, improving relationship and financial functioning and ultimately fostering greater equity and stability in areas where this population is often underserved.
Archean Polymetamorphism in the Central Dharwar Craton, Southern India
Authors: Kaempf Jonas , Clark Chris , Johnson Tim E. , Jayananda Mudlappa , Alfing Julian , Payne Justin , Sajeev Krishnan , Hand Martin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPetrochronological investigations of granulite‐facies metapelitic rocks from the eastern contact of the Closepet granite in the Central Dharwar Craton (CDC), southern India, provide new pressure–temperature–age (P–T–t) constraints on two seemingly discrete Archean metamorphic events during the Neoarchean and late Paleoarchean eras. Phase equilibrium modelling and conventional thermobarometry coupled with in situ monazite and garnet geochronology constrain Neoarchean (ultrahigh‐temperature; UHT) metamorphic peak conditions to ~930 °C and ~6.7 kbar at c. 2.63 Ga, then cooling and limited decompression to ~5.7 kbar at ≤810 °C. Monazite inclusions in garnet least affected by Neoarchean recrystallisation have distinct positive Eu anomalies and yield ages of c. 3.2 Ga, whereas garnet cores interpreted to have grown at the same time have slightly younger apparent ages of c. 3.1 Ga. We interpret this age mismatch to be the result of extensive resorption of garnet during Neoarchean UHT metamorphism, which led to widespread modification of the initial Lu–Hf systematics in garnet to produce younger apparent ages. The effect of retention and inward intracrystalline diffusion of Lu on the isotopic composition of garnet is most pronounced close to the resorbed grain margins and decreases towards the core, as reflected by progressively younger apparent single‐spot garnet dates from core to rim. Despite extensive overprinting of the sample at c. 2.63 Ga, the trace element composition of Paleoarchean monazite indicates growth in equilibrium with garnet but in the absence of feldspar, which is predicted to occur over a broad stability range at P ≥ 8 kbar and T ≤ 700 °C. Such P–T conditions are uncommon in the metamorphic rock record prior to the Neoarchean, but are typical of Barrovian‐type metamorphism, which is considered to be an expression of accretionary‐to‐collisional orogenesis. Rocks of similar age and metamorphic grade have been reported from the core of the Western Dharwar Craton (WDC) and may reflect regional subduction at the margins of the CDC and WDC since the late Paleoarchean. Neoarchean UHT metamorphism in the Dharwar Craton is coeval with a cluster of other UHT occurrences at 2.7–2.6 Ga, indicating the existence of globally elevated thermal gradients at that time.
Fairness perceptions of the postdivorce division of childcare and child‐related expenses
Authors: Koster Tara , Poortman Anne‐Rigt 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines how the division of childcare and child‐related expenses after divorce affects fairness perceptions of mothers and fathers.BackgroundPrevious research has focused on married families and found that unequal divisions of household labor are often regarded as fair. This study investigates whether fairness perceptions are also common for divorced parents for whom the division of childrearing responsibilities may be a sensitive issue.MethodThe analyses were based on data from Wave 3 of the New Families in the Netherlands survey, which was conducted in 2020 among a random sample of divorced or separated parents (N = 2963).ResultsThe division of childcare and child‐related expenses after divorce was perceived as fair by about half of parents, yet for childcare this was nearly 60% for fathers. Higher contributions to child‐related expenses were associated with stronger unfairness perceptions. For childcare, not only parents who contributed a lot but also parents contributing little were most likely to perceive the division as unfair (with parents with more equal contributions falling in between). Mothers were more sensitive to inequitable divisions of childrearing responsibilities than fathers.ConclusionUnfairness perceptions are relatively widespread in postdivorce families suggesting that the division of childrearing responsibilities is less taken for granted after divorce. Time and money investments of divorced parents relate differently to unfairness perceptions, and postdivorce fairness perceptions and processes are gendered.
The association between dietary dark green vegetable intake and cognitive function in US older adults
Authors: Liu Yuqian , Liu Wen , Yang Yang , Liu Heyin , Liu Jinde , Liu Yiming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDark green vegetables include dark green leafy vegetables and broccoli. They are sources of many essential nutrients, including vitamins A, B and C, folate, fibre, carotenoids and flavonoids. This study aimed to explore the association between dietary dark green vegetable intake and cognitive function in US older adults. We included 2344 older adults (≥60 years old) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 cycles. Dark green vegetable consumption was assessed using a continuous variable (cups/day) and two categorical variables. The first categorical variable classified participants into non‐consumers and consumers based on whether they consumed dark green vegetables. The second categorical variable grouped participants into four levels of dark green vegetable consumption (non‐consumers, consumers with low intakes, consumers with moderate intakes and consumers with high intakes). We used five continuous variables with non‐normal distribution to assess cognitive function, including a composite z‐score and the standardised scores of four individual cognitive tests. The four cognitive tests included the Immediate Recall Test (IRT), the Delayed Recall Test (DRT), the Animal Mobility Test (AFT) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). The standardised scores of the four cognitive tests were calculated using the mean and standard deviation of each cognitive test score. The composite z‐score was calculated by averaging the standardised scores of four cognitive tests to evaluate global cognition. We used multiple linear regression models to examine the association between dietary dark green vegetable intake and cognitive function. Our findings indicated that dark green vegetable intake was positively associated with global cognition (β [95% CI]: 0.17 [0.04, 0.30]; p = 0.016) and IRT (β [95% CI]: 0.26 [0.08, 0.43]; p = 0.009) and DRT (β [95% CI]: 0.21 [0.05, 0.36]; p = 0.012) standardised scores. Individuals with high intake of dark green vegetables showed notably better global cognition (β [95% CI]: 0.16 [0.05, 0.28]; p = 0.010) and showed higher IRT (β [95% CI]: 0.22 [0.07, 0.38]; p = 0.010) and DRT standardised scores (β [95% CI]: 0.21 [0.07, 0.36]; p = 0.007) compared with the non‐consumers. Blood neutrophil counts mediated the cognitive benefits of dark green vegetables (Proportion: 9.5%, p = 0.006). In conclusion, our findings suggest that dark green vegetable consumption may have favourable effects on cognitive function in US older adults, especially on immediate and delayed learning abilities. The underlying mechanisms include the ability of dark green vegetables to reduce blood neutrophil levels, an indicator of decreased systemic inflammation. Increasing dietary intake of dark green vegetables may be a beneficial intervention to improve cognitive health in the older US population.
Clinical Study and Finite Element Analysis on the Effects of Pseudo‐Patella Baja After TKA
Authors: Jiang Shenghu , Wei Wenxing , Li Mingyang , Zhou Shengliang , Zeng Yi , Shen Bin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePseudo‐patella baja (PPB) was one of the complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This complication may be closely related to the occurrence of knee joint movement limitation and pain after TKA. This study aimed to investigate whether PPB affects clinical outcomes after TKA and to study the biomechanical effects of PPB after TKA.MethodsThis study was a retrospective case series of 462 eligible patients (563 knees). Clinical evaluation was performed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scoring systems, the 5‐Level EuroQol Generic Health Index (EQ‐5D‐5L), the Forgotten Joint Score‐12 (FJS‐12), and patient satisfaction. CT and MRI scans of two healthy left knees and TKA prostheses were taken; 3D models including PPB, True patella baja (TPB), normal patella, and patella alta (PA) were created in FEA and applied load along the direction of quadriceps femoris. T‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, chi‐squared (χ
2) test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed using GraphPad Prism (Version 8, GraphPad Software, USA). A statistically significant difference was considered at p < 0.05 with bilateral α.ResultsThe VAS, HSS, WOMAC, EQ‐5D‐5L, FJS‐12, and patient satisfaction scores in the PPB and TPB groups were significantly worse than those in the patella normal (PN) group (p < 0.05). The PPB group found a positive correlation between Blackburne–Peel index (BPI) and FJS‐12 score. PPB showed lower contact stress of patellofemoral joint compared to TPB when knee flexion was less than < 90° (p < 0.01), but no significant difference when flexion was more than > 90° (p > 0.05) in the finite element model with Patella baja (PB). The contact area of the patellofemoral joint tended to increase with the deepening of knee flexion, and decreased after reaching the peak value. The contact area of the patellofemoral joint tended to decrease with the increase in patellar height. There was no significant difference in the contact area of the patellofemoral joint among different patellar heights and different degrees of knee flexion (p > 0.05).ConclusionPPB after TKA may increase patellofemoral joint stress and postoperative complications like anterior knee pain.