bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Study on the New Potential Mechanism and Biomarkers of Diabetes
Authors: Wang Niannian , Zhang Shu , Zhu Feifei , Yang Yanhua , Chen Liang , Lü Peng , Yu Li , Chen Keping 
Published: July 2018

PurposeDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. So far, the pathogenesis of diabetes has not been fully elucidated. Identifying new potential molecule mechanisms and biomarkers in this process could contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology.Experimental designProteomic changes in the liver of type 2 diabetic mice (n = 6) and normal mice (n = 6) are studied. Triplicate experiments are carried out for each sample.ResultsA total of 15 differentially expressed proteins (DEPS) are identified and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicates that DEPS mainly involved two inflammatory pathways: glutathione metabolic pathway and the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. The core of protein–protein interaction is the tumor necrosis factor inflammatory pathway, indicating the connection between inflammation and diabetes. Ten out of fifteen gene transcript levels are consistent with proteomics by quantitative RT‐PCR validation. The transcriptional levels of OAT (ornithine aminotransferase) and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase1 (FBP1) were significantly increased, whereas fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) and ef‐2 transcription levels decreased significantly. In addition, western blotting results showed that the expression of OAT and FBP protein increased significantly in the diabetes group, while elongation factor 2 decreased significantly and FABP do not have significant difference in the diabetes group.Conclusions and clinical relevanceTaken together, the present exploratory liver proteomic analysis might be seen as an important starting point for studies targeting specific liver proteins aimed at the implementation of new biomarkers for the early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus‐related potential mechanisms, hoping to provide biomarkers and clinical therapeutic targets of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Preliminary reliability and validity of the shoulder functional reach score
Authors: Riley Sean P. , Tafuto Vincent , Cote Mark , Brismée Jean‐Michel , Wright Alexis , Cook Chad 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine (a) if the newly developed shoulder functional reach score (SFRS) is reliable; (b) if the SFRS demonstrates construct validity by being able to differentiate between patients' symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders; (c) if the SFRS is able to detect changes over time; and (d) if the potential changes in the SFRS demonstrated criterion validity at three different time intervals by being associated the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).MethodsPatients were consecutively screened for consultation related to complaints of shoulder pain. Thirty‐eight subjects agreed to participate and signed informed consent. Twenty‐nine subjects fulfilled the study after the 4 weeks of follow‐up. Outcome measures were collected at the initial evaluation and at the first follow‐up visit prior to the initiation of treatment. Data were then collected after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders on the SFRS. Intratester reliability of the SFRS was intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) = 0.94. Intertester reliability of the SFRS was ICC2,1 = 0.92. Statistically significant differences were observed between the initial evaluation, 2 and 4 weeks for the SFRS, SPADI, and NPRS. Moderate (rs = 0.62) to strong (rs = 0.87) positive correlations were observed between the NPRS and SPADI. Moderate negative (rs = −0.50–0.51) correlations were found between the SFRS and the SPADI. Moderate negative (rs = −0.36–0.54) statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations were found between the SFRS and the NPRS.ConclusionIn this small sample, the SFRS was an objective, reliable, and valid tool for assessing shoulder active range of motion in a clinical setting.
Disorder guides domain rearrangement in elongation factor Tu
Authors: Yang Huan , Perrier Jonathan , Whitford Paul C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElongation factor Tu (EF‐Tu) is a three‐domain protein that is responsible for delivering aminoacyl‐tRNA (aa‐tRNA) molecules to the ribosome. During the delivery process, EF‐Tu undergoes a large‐scale (~50Å) conformational transition that results in rearrangement of domain I, relative to the II/III superdomain. Despite the central role of EF‐Tu during protein synthesis, little is known about the structural and energetic properties of this reordering process. To study the physical‐chemical properties of domain motion, we constructed a multi‐basin structure‐based (i.e., Gō‐like) model, with which we have simulated hundreds of spontaneous conformational rearrangements. By analyzing the statistical properties of these events, we show that EF‐Tu is likely to adopt a disordered intermediate ensemble during this transition. We further show that this disordered intermediate will favor a specific sequence of conformational substeps when bound to the ribosome, and the disordered ensemble can influence the kinetics of the incoming aa‐tRNA molecule. Overall, this study highlights the dynamic nature of EF‐Tu by revealing a relationship between conformational disorder and biological function.
Aromaticity of some carbenes and their heavier analogs in light of gauge‐including magnetically induced current approach as a new magnetic criterium
Authors: Aysin Rinat R. , Leites Larissa A. , Bukalov Sergey S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe computational method of gauge‐including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) was used at B3LYP/Def2‐TZVP level to test aromaticity of a series of carbenes and their heavier analogs. These were unsaturated N‐heterocyclic Arduengo‐type compounds 1 and their benzannulated analogs 2, as well as silylene and germylene 3. The magnitudes of induced current (IC) for various bonds were calculated and the isosurfaces of signed modulus of IC density were presented visually. The results obtained have demonstrated applicability of the GIMIC method to the 14th group carbene analogs studied as they confirm aromaticity of type 1 and 2 molecules and π‐conjugated but not aromatic nature of molecules 3 that was established previously using other aromaticity criteria. A nontrivial conclusion that germylenes of types 1 and 2 are more aromatic than silylenes is reinforced.
An LCA of the Pelamis wave energy converter
Authors: Thomson R. Camilla , Chick John P. , Harrison Gareth P. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Purpose
To date, very few studies have attempted to quantify the environmental impacts of a wave energy converter, and almost all of these focus solely on the potential climate change impacts and embodied energy. This paper presents a full life cycle assessment (LCA) of the first-generation Pelamis wave energy converter, aiming to contribute to the body of published studies and examine any potential trade-offs or co-benefits across a broad range of environmental impacts.

Methods
The process-based attributional LCA was carried out on the full cradle-to-grave life cycle of the Pelamis P1 wave energy converter, including the device, its moorings and sub-sea connecting cable up to the point of connection with the grid. The case study was for a typical wave farm located off the north-west coast of Scotland. Foreground data was mostly sourced from the manufacturer. Background inventory data was mostly sourced from the ecoinvent database (v3.3), and the ReCiPe and CED impact assessment methods were applied.

Results and discussion
The Pelamis was found to have significantly lower environmental impacts than conventional fossil generation in 6 impact categories, but performed worse than most other types of generation in 8 of the remaining 13 categories studied. The greatest impacts were from steel manufacture and sea vessel operations. The device performs quite well in the two most frequently assessed impacts for renewable energy converters: climate change and cumulative energy demand. The carbon payback period is estimated to be around 24 months (depending on the emissions intensity of the displaced generation mix), and the energy return on investment is 7.5. The contrast between this and the poor performance in other impact categories demonstrates the limitations of focussing only on carbon and energy.

Conclusions
The Pelamis was found to generally have relatively high environmental impacts across many impact categories when compared to other types of power generation; however, these are mostly attributable to the current reliance on fossil fuels in the global economy and the early development stage of the technology. Opportunities to reduce this also lie in reducing requirements for steel in the device structure, and decreasing the requirements for sea vessel operations during installation, maintenance and decommissioning.
Improving the coexistence of offshore wind farms and shipping: an international comparison of navigational risk assessment processes
Authors: Mehdi Raza Ali , Schröder-Hinrichs Jens-Uwe , van Overloop Jeroen , Nilsson Henrik , Pålsson Jonas 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The continued growth and evolution of the offshore wind industry, and the emergence of other novel marine uses such as wave and tidal generators, have upped the ante for spatial planners, as well as consenting and approval authorities in various coastal states. These stakeholders rely on processes such as navigational risk assessments (NRAs) to balance safety and efficiency requirements and to make optimal decisions over use of space. Given the increasingly complex and crowded seascape, however, there are some apprehensions about potential shortcomings in these NRA processes. There is also some concern that these inadequacies may lead to unsafe or inefficient marine spatial use. To understand how NRA processes can be improved further, a literature review is conducted, followed by a survey of respondents who are involved in the planning, consenting and/or approval of offshore wind farms across seven different countries. A summary of the NRA processes in these seven countries is presented, and several shortcomings are identified. Based on the findings of the survey, a list of recommendations is presented to enhance existing NRA processes—and to improve the coexistence of shipping and offshore wind farms (OWFs).
Notch signaling in human iPS‐derived neuronal progenitor lines from Focal Cortical Dysplasia patients
Authors: Majolo F. , Marinowic D.R. , Machado D.C. , Da Costa J.C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFocal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD), a common type of Malformations of cortical development, may result from an early disturbance in the migration and final arrangement of the cortical architecture of immature neurons. FCD type II is now known to be due to a post‐zygotic somatic mutation that involves the mTOR and AKT pathways. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible differences in neurogenesis and neurodifferentiation of iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) from fibroblasts of individuals affected by FCD type II (2) and normal individuals (2). iPSCs were generated from skin fibroblasts of FCD individuals and healthy individuals. The reprogramming was done through the fibroblasts exposure to viral vectors containing the OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and c‐MYC genes and the clones were characterized by immunohistochemistry. iPSCs were neurodifferentiated and analyzed at the 14th, 22nd and 35th days. We also analyzed the cerebral cortex tissue, fibroblasts and iPSCs cells from the individuals. Through qRT‐PCR, the expression of 4 genes involved in Notch signaling process were quantified. In general, individuals with dysplasia presented increase and decrease in the relative quantification in the most genes analyzed compared to control individuals in all processes and study groups. We suggest that, during embryonic neurogenesis, the neural precursor cells of FCD type II individuals present increase and decrease in gene expression in the Notch signaling pathway causing cortical formation disorders and can be seen as a candidate for the developmental changes observed in the cerebral cortex of individuals with FCD type II. This altered gene expression may be related to brain formation with dysplasia.
The Association of Judgement Ability and Functional Status in Older Adult Rehabilitation Inpatients
Authors: Quinn C. G. , Rabin L. A. , Sprehn G. C. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: Older adults have an increased likelihood of requiring rehabilitative care due to cognitive and physical risk factors. Research has found a link between executive functioning performance and functional outcomes; however, there is a dearth of research on the assessment of judgement ability. In the current pilot study, we investigated the clinical utility of the Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J) in an older adult rehabilitation sample.Methods: Inpatients of mixed diagnoses (n= 25, mean age = 72.60) completed the TOP-J and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). We assessed TOP-J performance in the entire sample and in those with intact vs. impaired global cognition (on the Mini-Mental State Examination; MMSE). Correlational analyses were conducted between the TOP-J, MMSE and relevant FIM items.Results: TOP-J performance fell between the means typically observed in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Participants with intact global cognition obtained significantly higher TOP-J scores than those with impaired global cognition. Moderate to strong positive correlations emerged between TOP-J, MMSE and FIM items of problem solving, comprehension and memory.Conclusions: Results provide support for the clinical utility and validity of the TOP-J among older adults in the rehabilitation setting. Administering the TOP-J may help identify patients at risk for future injury and facilitate role transitions.
The novel role of paramedics in collaborative emergency centres aligns with their professional identity: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Whalen Stewart , Goldstein Judah , Urquhart Robin , Carter Alix J.E. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe Collaborative Emergency Centre (CEC) model of care was implemented in Nova Scotia without an identifiable, directly comparable precedent. It features interprofessional teams working towards the goal of providing improved access to primary health care, and appropriate access to 24/7 emergency care. One important component of CEC functioning is overnight staffing by a paramedic and registered nurse (RN) team consulting with an off-site physician. Our objective was to ascertain the attitudes, feelings and experiences of paramedics working within Nova Scotia’s CECs.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study informed by the principles of grounded theory. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with paramedics with experience working in a CEC. Analysis involved an inductive grounded approach using constant comparative analysis. Data collection and analysis continued until thematic saturation was reached.ResultsFourteen paramedics participated in the study. The majority were male (n=10, 71%) with a mean age of 44 years and mean paramedic experience of 14 years. Four major themes were identified: 1) interprofessional relationships, 2) leadership support, 3) value to community and 4) paramedic identity.ConclusionsParamedics report largely positive interprofessional relationships in Nova Scotia’s CECs. They expressed enjoyment working in these centres and believe this work aligns with their professional identity. High levels of patient and community satisfaction were reported. Paramedics believe future expansion of the model would benefit from development of continuing education and improved communication between leadership and front-line workers.
Knowledge Maps of Disaster Medicine in China Based on Co-Word Analysis
Authors: Wei Wei , Ge Jie , Xu Sha , Li Ming , Zhao Zhe , Li Xiaoxue , Zheng Jingchen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe analyzed research themes in the field of disaster medicine in China to provide references for researchers to understand the research status and developing trends of this field.MethodsPublished journal articles were retrieved. A social network analysis was conducted to visualize the relations of high-frequency key words. A cluster analysis was used to classify key words. A strategic diagram analysis was conducted to visualize clusters across the entire research field.ResultsWe retrieved 3,079 articles, from which 1,749 articles and 8,284 key words were identified after screening. High-frequency key words were classified into 6 clusters. “Medical rescue” had the highest degree and betweenness centralities. Cluster 4 was located in Quadrant I of the strategic diagrams.Conclusions“Medical rescue” is the core key word, and it serves a pivotal “bridge” function. “Emergencies” and similar terms are key words with special statuses. “Natural disaster medical rescue” and “fundamental theories of disaster medicine” constitute the primary and secondary core themes, respectively. “On-site emergency treatment techniques” is a marginalized theme. The other themes are emerging themes that offer considerable scope for future development. Generally, the scope and depth of investigations in this field should be improved. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:405-409)
Committed retreat: controls on glacier disequilibrium in a warming climate
Authors: CHRISTIAN JOHN ERICH , KOUTNIK MICHELLE , ROE GERARD 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe widespread retreat of mountain glaciers is a striking emblem of recent climate change. Yet mass-balance observations indicate that many glaciers are out of equilibrium with current climate, meaning that observed retreats do not show the full response to warming. This is a fundamental consequence of glacier dynamics: mountain glaciers typically have multidecadal response timescales, and so their response lags centennial-scale climate trends. A substantial difference between transient and equilibrium glacier length persists throughout the warming period; we refer to this length difference as ‘disequilibrium’. Forcing idealized glacier geometries with gradual warming shows that the glacier response timescale fundamentally governs the evolution of disequilibrium. Comparing a hierarchy of different glacier models suggests that accurate estimates of ice thickness and climatology, which control the timescale, are more important than higher order ice dynamics for capturing disequilibrium. Current glacier disequilibrium has previously been estimated for a selection of individual glaciers; our idealized modeling shows that sustained disequilibrium is a fundamental response of glacier dynamics, and is robust across a range of glacier geometries. This implies that many mountain glaciers are committed to additional, kilometer-scale retreats, even without further warming. Disequilibrium must also be addressed when calibrating glacier models used for climate reconstructions and projections of retreat in response to future warming.
STRATIFYING SYSTEMS FOR EXACT CATEGORIES
Authors: SANTIAGO VALENTE 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we develop the theory of stratifying systems in the context of exact categories as a generalisation of the notion of stratifying systems in module categories, which have been studied by different authors. We prove that attached to a stratifying system in an exact category $(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{E})$ there is an standardly stratified algebra B such that the category $\mathscr{F}$F(Θ), of F-filtered objects in the exact category $(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{E})$ is equivalent to the category $\mathscr{F}$(Δ) of Δ-good modules associated to B. The theory we develop in exact categories, give us a way to produce standardly stratified algebras from module categories by just changing the exact structure on it. In this way, we can construct exact categories whose bounded derived category is equivalent to the bounded derived category of an standardly stratified algebra. Finally, applying the relative homological algebra developed by Auslander–Solberg, we can construct examples of stratifying systems that are not a stratifying system in the classical sense, so our approach really produces new stratifying systems.
The Idea of Home in a World of Circulation: Steam, Women and Migration through Bhojpuri Folksongs
Authors: Sinha Nitin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe historical juncture of the 1840s to 1860s witnessed three developments: first, the introduction of the new means of communication (steamships and railways); second, new industrial and plantation investments in and outside of India, creating demand for labour; and third, the expansion of a print culture that went beyond the urban elite domain to reflect the world of small towns and villages. In this constellation of social, economic, and technological changes, this article looks at the idea of home, construction of womanhood and the interlaced lifecycles of migrant men and non-migrant women in a period of Indian history marked by “circulation”. Moving away from the predominant focus on migrant men, the article attempts to recreate the social world of non-migrant women left behind in the villages of northern and eastern India. While engaging with the framework of circulation, the article calls for it to be redesigned to allow histories of mobility and immobility, male and female and villages and cities to appear in the same analytical field. Although migration has been reasonably well explored, the issue of marriage is inadequately addressed in South Asian migration studies. “Separated conjugality” is one aspect of this, and the displacement of young girls from their natal home to in-laws’ is another. Through the use of Bhojpuri folksongs, the article brings together migration and marriage as two important social events to understand the different but interlaced lifecycles of gendered (im)mobilities.
Women in otorhinolaryngology: a historical perspective
Authors: Konstantinidou S , Adams M 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundOtorhinolaryngology has an extensive history that spans nearly five millennia, and the history of women as medical and surgical practitioners stretches back to at least 3500 BC.ObjectivesTo explore the history of women in ENT from ancient to modern times, and discover their fascinating role in this field over the years.MethodA literature review was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed.ResultsIn ancient and medieval times, there were female doctors accomplished in areas pertaining to ENT. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, inspirational women pioneers paved the way for modern female ENT surgeons. This led to a rapid increase in the representation of female otorhinolaryngologists in clinical practice and authorship over the last fifty years.ConclusionThe contribution of women to otorhinolaryngology has evolved since ancient times and the greatest advancement has occurred within the last two hundred years.