bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhizobacterial communities of five co-occurring desert halophytes
Authors: Li Yan , Kong Yan , Teng Dexiong , Zhang Xueni , He Xuemin , Zhang Yang , Lv Guanghui 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundRecently, researches have begun to investigate the microbial communities associated with halophytes. Both rhizobacterial community composition and the environmental drivers of community assembly have been addressed. However, few studies have explored the structure of rhizobacterial communities associated with halophytic plants that are co-occurring in arid, salinized areas.MethodsFive halophytes were selected for study: these co-occurred in saline soils in the Ebinur Lake Nature Reserve, located at the western margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert of Northwestern China. Halophyte-associated bacterial communities were sampled, and the bacterial 16S rDNA V3–V4 region amplified and sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform. The bacterial community diversity and structure were compared between the rhizosphere and bulk soils, as well as among the rhizosphere samples. The effects of plant species identity and soil properties on the bacterial communities were also analyzed.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between the rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities. Diversity was higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soils. Abundant taxonomic groups (from phylum to genus) in the rhizosphere were much more diverse than in bulk soils. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes were the most abundant phyla in the rhizosphere, while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were common in bulk soils. Overall, the bacterial community composition were not significantly differentiated between the bulk soils of the five plants, but community diversity and structure differed significantly in the rhizosphere. The diversity ofHalostachys caspica,Halocnemum strobilaceumandKalidium foliatumassociated bacterial communities was lower than that ofLimonium gmeliniiandLycium ruthenicumcommunities. Furthermore, the composition of the bacterial communities ofHalostachys caspicaandHalocnemum strobilaceumwas very different from those ofLimonium gmeliniiandLycium ruthenicum. The diversity and community structure were influenced by soil EC, pH and nutrient content (TOC, SOM, TON and AP); of these, the effects of EC on bacterial community composition were less important than those of soil nutrients.DiscussionHalophytic plant species played an important role in shaping associated rhizosphere bacterial communities. When salinity levels were constant, soil nutrients emerged as key factors structuring bacterial communities, while EC played only a minor role. Pairwise differences among the rhizobacterial communities associated with different plant species were not significant, despite some evidence of differentiation. Further studies involving more halophyte species, and individuals per species, are necessary to elucidate plant species identity effects on the rhizosphere for co-occurring halophytes.
The Na+‐coupled glucose transporter SGLT2 interacts with its accessory unit MAP17 in vitro and their expressions overlap in the renal proximal tubule
Authors: Calado Joaquim , Santos Ana Rita , Aires Inês , Lebre Firmina , Nolasco Fernando , Rueff José , Ramalho José 
Published: August 2018

Na+‐glucose cotransporter 2 is the renal Na+‐coupled glucose transporter responsible for the tubular glucose reabsorption, while MAP17 was recently identified as its accessory unit. Mutations in either of the proteins’ coding genes, SLC5A2 and PDZK1IP1, lead to urinary glucose excretion. To investigate whether MAP17 interacts with SGLT2 in vitro, we engineered a V5‐tagged SGLT2 construct and evaluated HEK293T cells coexpressing it together with a HA tagged MAP17 construct. MAP17 is shown to colocalize and coimmunoprecipitate with SGLT2. Also, in human kidney sections, the expression of both proteins overlaps at the apical surface of tubular epithelia. This interaction provides the rationale behind SGLT2 activation by MAP17 as well the similarity of the SLC5A2 and PDZK1IP1 glucosuric phenotypes.
Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on the Recovery Trajectories of Function, Strength, and Self‐Report Measures After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Cheuy Victor A. , Loyd Brian J. , Hafner Walter , Kittelson Andrew J. , Waugh Dawn , Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer E. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveAs the proportion of individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the aging population and the number of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) both continue to grow, understanding the outcomes for these patient populations is critical. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with and without DM differed in the recovery of 3 physical performance measures during the first 90 days following a TKA.MethodsData collected at ATI Physical Therapy from 169 patients (37 with DM, and 132 without) were available. Physical performance measures included the 4‐meter walk test, the 30‐second sit‐to‐stand test (30STS), and the timed‐up‐and‐go test (TUG). A mixed‐effects model was performed to determine differences in the rate of recovery and 90‐day postoperative scores for all measures.ResultsBoth groups had similar baseline values for all measures. Patients with DM demonstrated a slower rate of recovery for the 4‐meter walk test, and worse scores for the 4‐meter walk test, 30STS, and TUG at the end of 90 days when accounting for significant covariates.ConclusionOur findings show a negative relationship between the presence of DM and the recovery trajectories of all physical performance measures. Clinicians should closely monitor patients with DM, knowing that they are at higher risk for sustained functional deficits and early complications.
In Situ Doping Boron Atoms into Porous Carbon Nanoparticles with Increased Oxygen Graft Enhances both Affinity and Durability toward Electrolyte for Greatly Improved Supercapacitive Performance
Authors: Sun Fei , Qu Zhibin , Gao Jihui , Wu Hao Bin , Liu Fang , Han Rui , Wang Lijie , Pei Tong , Zhao Guangbo , Lu Yunfeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSupercapacitors represent an important energy storage system for high power applications with carbon electrodes acting as the key component. Design and synthesis of advanced carbon materials with supercapacitive activity (capacitance and rate capability) and stability have been the focus of supercapacitor developments. This study reports a high‐performance carbon electrode by in situ doping boron atoms into nanoporous carbon particles, which is achieved by a continuous spraying assisted coassembly process. Boron doping leads to extra oxygen graft into carbon surface, enabling both enhanced wettability and durability for the fabricated carbon electrodes. Density functional theory calculations further suggest that boron doping enhances electrolyte ion penetration and interactions with carbon surface, leading to the improved capacitances and rate capability. The constructed symmetric aqueous supercapacitor exhibits all‐round performance improvements including high energy density (9.1 Wh kg−1) and power density (24.1 kW kg−1) as well as ultralong cycling life (100 000 cycles). This work for the first time provides insights into the role of boron doping in enhancing both supercapacitive activity and stability of carbon materials for high‐performance supercapacitors.
Injectable 3D Porous Micro‐Scaffolds with a Bio‐Engine for Cell Transplantation and Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Luo Zuyuan , Pan Jijia , Sun Yuhua , Zhang Siqi , Yang Yue , Liu Hao , Li Yan , Xu Xiao , Sui Yi , Wei Shicheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBio‐scaffolds designed to mimic endogenous niches have been used extensively in stem cell therapy and tissue regeneration. However, limited entry of nutrients and cells inside the scaffold can lead to poor cell survival and proliferation, and scaffold implantation can require an invasive surgical approach. Here, a noninvasive method using injectable 3D porous micro‐scaffolds with a bio‐engine is developed for cell transplantation and tissue regeneration. A liquid nitrogen flash‐frozen and immediately smashed method is developed to prepare 3D porous nanocarriers‐alginate composite micro‐scaffolds (NAC/MS). Compared to common scaffolds, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) grown in NAC/MS show high survival and proliferation rates; this is due to the small size of the micro‐scaffolds, which allows access to nutrients. Bio‐factors are loaded into nanocarriers to produce a bio‐engine that can initiate and promote stem cells differentiation in a bionic manner, behaving like an engine. Transplanted hMSCs show significantly enhanced expansion and mineralization in vivo. Furthermore, NAC/MS can promote in situ regeneration of bone in cranial defects in dogs. The biomimetic NAC/MS provide an injectable niche to cell survival, proliferation, and fate control during tissue regeneration or cell therapy, which are critical for developing organoid culture devices and cells local delivery vehicles.
A Bifunctional Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen for Monitoring and Killing of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Li Ying , Zhao Zheng , Zhang Jiangjiang , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Xie Sheng , Tang Rongbing , Jia Yuexiao , Yang Junchuan , Wang Le , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Zheng Wenfu , Jiang Xingyu , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMultidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria pose serious threats to public health as there is currently a lack of effective and biocompatible drugs to kill MDR bacteria. Here, a bifunctional aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), triphenylethylene‐naphthalimide triazole (TriPE‐NT), is reported, which is capable of both staining and killing Gram‐positive (G+) and Gram‐negative (G−) bacteria. The intrinsic fluorescence generating ability of the TriPE unit enables TriPE‐NT to monitor the drug–bacteria interactions, meanwhile, the NT unit renders TriPE‐NT the antibacterial activity. Furthermore, TriPE‐NT can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation and drastically enhance its antibacterial efficacy by photodynamic therapy against wild bacteria and clinical isolated MDR bacteria with a very low toxicity to mammalian cells. Moreover, the efficiency of TriPE‐NT staining on bacteria closely correlates with its antibacterial efficacy. As an example of application, TriPE‐NT is utilized in curing Escherichia coli‐ (E. coli), MDR E. coli‐, Staphylococcus epidermidis‐ (S. epidermidis), and MDR S. epidermidis‐ infected wounds on rats with high efficacy and high safety. Thus, TriPE‐NT can be used not only as a powerful antibiotic agent for treating MDR bacteria‐infected diseases but also as a potential fluorescent agent for monitoring the bacterial infections and further exploring the related antibacterial mechanism.
An Additive to PMMA Bone Cement Enables Postimplantation Drug Refilling, Broadens Range of Compatible Antibiotics, and Prolongs Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Cyphert Erika L. , Learn Greg D. , Hurley Sara K. , Lu Chao‐yi , von Recum Horst A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is used in several biomedical applications including as antibiotic‐filled beads, temporary skeletal spacers, and cement for orthopedic implant fixation. To mitigate infection following surgery, antibiotics are often mixed into bone cement to achieve local delivery. However, since implanted cement is often structural, incorporated antibiotics must not compromise mechanical properties; this limits the selection of compatible antibiotics. Furthermore, antibiotics cannot be added to resolve future infections once cement is implanted. Finally, delivery from cement is suboptimal as incorporated antibiotics exhibit early burst release with most of  the drug remaining permanently trapped. This prolonged subtherapeutic dosage drives pathogen antibiotic resistance. To overcome these limitations of antibiotic‐laden bone cement, insoluble cyclodextrin (CD) microparticles are incorporated into PMMA to provide more sustained delivery of a broader range of drugs, without impacting mechanics. PMMA formulations with and without CD microparticles are synthesized and filled with one of three antibiotics and evaluated using zone of inhibition, drug release, and compression studies. Additionally, the ability of PMMA with microparticles to serve as a refillable antibiotic delivery depot is explored. Findings suggest that addition of CD microparticles to cement promotes postimplantation antibiotic refilling and enables incorporation of previously incompatible antibiotics while preserving favorable mechanical properties.
Hollow Structures Based on Prussian Blue and Its Analogs for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Nai Jianwei , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDue to their special structural characteristics, hollow structures grant fascinating physicochemical properties and widespread applications, especially in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Recently, the research of Prussian blue (PB) and its analog (PBA) related nanomaterials has emerged and has drawn considerable attention because of their low cost, facile preparation, intrinsic open framework, and tunable composition. Here, the recent progress in the study of PB‐ and PBA‐based hollow structures for electrochemical energy storage and conversion are summarized and discussed. First, some remarkable examples in the synthesis of hollow structures from PB‐ and PBA‐based materials are illustrated in terms of the structural architectures, i.e., closed single‐shelled hollow structures, open hollow structures, and complex hollow structures. Thereafter, their applications as potential electrode materials for lithium‐/sodium‐ion batteries, hybrid supercapacitors, and electrocatalysis are demonstrated. Finally, the current achievements in this field together with the limits and urgent challenges are summarized. Some perspectives on the potential solutions and possible future trends are also provided.
Scalable Manufacturing of Nanogaps
Authors: Dubois Valentin , Bleiker Simon J. , Stemme Göran , Niklaus Frank 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe ability to manufacture a nanogap in between two electrodes has proven a powerful catalyst for scientific discoveries in nanoscience and molecular electronics. A wide range of bottom‐up and top‐down methodologies are now available to fabricate nanogaps that are less than 10 nm wide. However, most available techniques involve time‐consuming serial processes that are not compatible with large‐scale manufacturing of nanogap devices. The scalable manufacturing of sub‐10 nm gaps remains a great technological challenge that currently hinders both experimental nanoscience and the prospects for commercial exploitation of nanogap devices. Here, available nanogap fabrication methodologies are reviewed and a detailed comparison of their merits is provided, with special focus on large‐scale and reproducible manufacturing of nanogaps. The most promising approaches that could achieve a breakthrough in research and commercial applications are identified. Emerging scalable nanogap manufacturing methodologies will ultimately enable applications with high scientific and societal impact, including high‐speed whole genome sequencing, electromechanical computing, and molecular electronics using nanogap electrodes.
Nature‐Inspired Emerging Chiral Liquid Crystal Nanostructures: From Molecular Self‐Assembly to DNA Mesophase and Nanocolloids
Authors: Wang Ling , Urbas Augustine M. , Li Quan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLiquid crystals (LCs) are omnipresent in living matter, whose chirality is an elegant and distinct feature in certain plant tissues, the cuticles of crabs, beetles, arthropods, and beyond. Taking inspiration from nature, researchers have recently devoted extensive efforts toward developing chiral liquid crystalline materials with self‐organized nanostructures and exploring their potential applications in diverse fields ranging from dynamic photonics to energy and safety issues. In this review, an account on the state of the art of emerging chiral liquid crystalline nanostructured materials and their technological applications is provided. First, an overview on the significance of chiral liquid crystalline architectures in various living systems is given. Then, the recent significant progress in different chiral liquid crystalline systems including thermotropic LCs (cholesteric LCs, cubic blue phases, achiral bent‐core LCs, etc.) and lyotropic LCs (DNA LCs, nanocellulose LCs, and graphene oxide LCs) is showcased. The review concludes with a perspective on the future scope, opportunities, and challenges in these truly advanced functional soft materials and their promising applications.
Perovskites for Light Emission
Authors: Quan Li Na , García de Arquer F. Pelayo , Sabatini Randy P. , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNext‐generation displays require efficient light sources that combine high brightness, color purity, stability, compatibility with flexible substrates, and transparency. Metal halide perovskites are a promising platform for these applications, especially in light of their excellent charge transport and bandgap tunability. Low‐dimensional perovskites, which possess perovskite domains spatially confined at the nanoscale, have further extended the degree of tunability and functionality of this materials platform. Herein, the advances in perovskite materials for light‐emission applications are reviewed. Connections among materials properties, photophysical and electrooptic spectroscopic properties, and device performance are established. It is discussed how incompletely solved problems in these materials can be tackled, including the need for increased stability, efficient blue emission, and efficient infrared emission. In conclusion, an outlook on the technologies that can be realized using this material platform is presented.
Differentiating Polymorphs in Molybdenum Disulfide via Electron Microscopy
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxu , Ning Shoucong , Fu Wei , Pennycook Stephen J. , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe presence of rich polymorphs and stacking polytypes in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) endows it with a diverse range of electrical, catalytic, optical, and magnetic properties. This has stimulated a lot of interest in the unique properties associated with each polymorph. Most techniques used for polymorph identification in MoS2 are macroscopic techniques that sample averaged properties due to their limited spatial resolution. A reliable way of differentiating the atomic structure of different polymorphs is needed in order to understand their growth dynamics and establish the correlation between structure and properties. Herein, the use of electron microscopy for identifying the atomic structures of several important polymorphs in MoS2, some of which are the subjects of mistaken assignment in the literature, is discussed. In particular, scanning transmission electron microscopy‐annular dark field imaging has emerged as the most effective and reliable approach for identifying the different phases in MoS2 and other 2D materials because its images can be directly correlated to the atomic structures. Examples of the identification of polymorphs grown under different conditions in molecular beam epitaxy or chemical vapor deposition, for example, 3R, 1T, 1T′‐phases, and 1T′‐edges, are presented, including their atomic structures, fascinating properties, growth methods, and corresponding thermodynamic stabilities.
A Real‐Time Wearable UV‐Radiation Monitor based on a High‐Performance p‐CuZnS/n‐TiO2 Photodetector
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , Chen Jiaxin , Cai Sa , Long Zhenghao , Zhang Yong , Su Longxing , He Sisi , Tang Chengqiang , Liu Peng , Peng Huisheng , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSolar radiation, especially ultraviolet (UV) light, is a major hazard for most skin‐related cancers. The growing needs for wearable health monitoring systems call for a high‐performance real‐time UV sensor to prevent skin diseases caused by excess UV exposure. To this end, here a novel self‐powered p‐CuZnS/n‐TiO2 UV photodetector (PD) with high performance is successfully developed (responsivity of 2.54 mA W−1 at 0 V toward 300 nm). Moreover, by effectively replacing the Ti foil with a thin Ti wire for the anodization process, the conventional planar rigid device is artfully turned into a fiber‐shaped flexible and wearable one. The fiber‐shaped device shows an outstanding responsivity of 640 A W−1, external quantum efficiency of 2.3 × 105%, and photocurrent of ≈4 mA at 3 V, exceeding those of most current UV PDs. Its ultrahigh photocurrent enables it to be easily integrated with commercial electronics to function as a real‐time monitor system. Thus, the first real‐time wearable UV radiation sensor that reads out ambient UV power density and transmits data to smart phones via wifi is demonstrated. This work not only presents a promising wearable health monitor, but also provides a general strategy for designing and fabricating smart wearable electronic devices.
Direct‐Write Freeform Colloidal Assembly
Authors: Tan Alvin T. L. , Beroz Justin , Kolle Mathias , Hart A. John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractColloidal assembly is an attractive means to control material properties via hierarchy of particle composition, size, ordering, and macroscopic form. However, despite well‐established methods for assembling colloidal crystals as films and patterns on substrates, and within microscale confinements such as droplets or microwells, it has not been possible to build freeform colloidal crystal structures. Direct‐write colloidal assembly, a process combining the bottom‐up principle of colloidal self‐assembly with the versatility of direct‐write 3D printing, is introduced in the present study. By this method, centimeter‐scale, free‐standing colloidal structures are built from a variety of materials. A scaling law that governs the rate of assembly is derived; macroscale structural color is tailored via the size and crystalline ordering of polystyrene particles, and several freestanding structures are built from silica and gold particles. Owing to the diversity of colloidal building blocks and the means to control their interactions, direct‐write colloidal assembly could therefore enable novel composites, photonics, electronics, and other materials and devices.
3D Printed Polymer Photodetectors
Authors: Park Sung Hyun , Su Ruitao , Jeong Jaewoo , Guo Shuang‐Zhuang , Qiu Kaiyan , Joung Daeha , Meng Fanben , McAlpine Michael C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExtrusion‐based 3D printing, an emerging technology, has been previously used in the comprehensive fabrication of light‐emitting diodes using various functional inks, without cleanrooms or conventional microfabrication techniques. Here, polymer‐based photodetectors exhibiting high performance are fully 3D printed and thoroughly characterized. A semiconducting polymer ink is printed and optimized for the active layer of the photodetector, achieving an external quantum efficiency of 25.3%, which is comparable to that of microfabricated counterparts and yet created solely via a one‐pot custom built 3D‐printing tool housed under ambient conditions. The devices are integrated into image sensing arrays with high sensitivity and wide field of view, by 3D printing interconnected photodetectors directly on flexible substrates and hemispherical surfaces. This approach is further extended to create integrated multifunctional devices consisting of optically coupled photodetectors and light‐emitting diodes, demonstrating for the first time the multifunctional integration of multiple semiconducting device types which are fully 3D printed on a single platform. The 3D‐printed optoelectronic devices are made without conventional microfabrication facilities, allowing for flexibility in the design and manufacturing of next‐generation wearable and 3D‐structured optoelectronics, and validating the potential of 3D printing to achieve high‐performance integrated active electronic materials and devices.