bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unobtrusive Maintenance: Temporal Complexity, Latent Category Control and the Stalled Emergence of the Cleantech Sector
Authors: Zietsma Charlene , Ruebottom Trish , Slade Shantz Angelique 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDisruptive innovation changes the basis of competition within an industry and poses substantial threats for market incumbents. While researchers have focused on whether incumbents can successfully adapt, we know little about how potentially disruptive innovation may be avoided. Studying clean technology in Canada, we examine incumbent resistance when potentially disruptive technologies are seen as socially beneficial. We identify actions taken by incumbents and other socio‐technical regime actors to respond to the issue while simultaneously enacting legitimate stabilizing mechanisms within the regime’s institutional infrastructure. Specifically, temporal and resource‐based actions led to temporal complexity for disruptive cleantech entrepreneurs, and evaluation structuring work led to latent control of the cleantech category, privileging incumbents and resulting in unobtrusive maintenance. Our findings contribute to the disruptive innovation and institutional theory literatures by showing how disruption may be stalled by the enactment of legitimate elements of the institutional infrastructure rather than direct institutional defence.
Central giant cell lesion of the jaws: An updated analysis of 2270 cases reported in the literature
Authors: Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos , Gomes Carolina Cavalieri , Gomez Ricardo Santiago 
Published: May 2018

PurposeTo review all available data published on central giant cell lesion (CGCL) of the jaws into a comprehensive analysis of its clinical/radiological features, with emphasis on the predictive factors associated with its recurrence.MethodsAn electronic search was undertaken in 5 databases (February/2018), looking for reporting cases of CGCLs.ResultsA total of 365 publications were included, comprising 2270 lesions. CGCLs were more prevalent in women and the mandible. Cortical bone perforation occurred in 50% of the cases. Marginal/segmental resection was more often performed in larger lesions, and drug therapy was more frequent in small lesions. Recurrence was reported in 232 of 1316 cases (17.6%). The recurrence rate of the aggressive lesions (22.8%) after surgical treatment was higher than non‐aggressive lesions (7.8%). Four of 5 CGCLs showed partial/total regression with pharmacological treatment. Aggressive lesions showed a worse response to corticosteroids than non‐aggressive lesions. For the lesions submitted to surgery as the first treatment, curettage, enucleation, or marginal resection in relation to segmental resection, aggressive lesions, cortical bone perforation, and tooth root resorption were associated with increased recurrence rate. Recurrence related to a combination of surgical/pharmacological treatment could not be evaluated due to the variety of protocols.ConclusionsAggressive CGCLs recur more often than the non‐aggressive ones. Despite sometimes showing poor response to corticosteroid injection or surgical curettage, a combination of both treatment strategies should be considered in aggressive cases to reduce morbidities associated with radical surgery. The best protocol to manage aggressive and non‐aggressive lesions remains to be determined.
Trial of life: Well infants presenting more than 24 h after head injury with a scalp haematoma: A 10‐year review
Authors: Parameswaran Ahilan , Heitner Shmuel , Thosar Deepali , Fowler Adam , Marks Susan , O'Leary Fenton 
Published: May 2018

AimTo review the investigation, patterns of injury and short‐term outcomes of infants younger than 12 months of age who presented more than 24 h after head injury with an isolated scalp haematoma.MethodsA retrospective chart review of infants who presented with a head injury to the emergency department of a major paediatric hospital between 2006 and 2016. Patients were included if they presented more than 24 h after the injury, were clinically well and had a documented scalp haematoma. Charts were abstracted using a standardised instrument to yield patient characteristics, mechanism of injury, imaging performed, identified injuries and patient outcome.ResultsA total of 2433 records were reviewed, with 157 included in the study. The mean age was 7.5 months (standard deviation 2.6). Of the patients, 14 had a documented palpable skull fracture; 43 patients had a skull X‐ray reported as a fracture; 13 patients had cranial ultrasounds with 3 reported as having a fracture; 124 patients had computed tomography head imaging, with 112 demonstrating a fracture; and 52 patients had acute intracranial abnormalities. There were nine unplanned representations (5.7%). No patients required any neurosurgical intervention.ConclusionsInfants presenting after 24 h with isolated scalp haematomas had good short‐term outcomes despite a high prevalence of underlying injury on imaging. Expectant management, rather than imaging, may be a valid approach in this patient population. However, some of these injuries may have been the result of inflicted injury, and all of these patients require a robust assessment regardless of the decision to use a computed tomography scan.
Bioavailability of suppository acetaminophen in healthy and hospitalized ill dogs
Authors: Sikina E. R. , Bach J. F. , Lin Z. , Gehring R. , KuKanich B. 
Published: May 2018

To determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of suppository acetaminophen (APAP) in healthy dogs and clinically ill dogs. This prospective study used six healthy client‐owned and 20 clinically ill hospitalized dogs. The healthy dogs were randomized by coin flip to receiveAPAPorally or as a suppository in crossover study design. Blood samples were collected up to 10 hr afterAPAPdosing. The hospitalized dogs were administeredAPAPas a suppository, and blood collected at 2 and 6 hr after dosing. Plasma samples were analyzed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. In healthy dogs, oralAPAPmaximal concentration (CMAX=2.69 μg/ml) was reached quickly (TMAX=1.04 hr) and eliminated rapidly (T1/2 = 1.81 hr). SuppositoryAPAPwas rapidly, but variably absorbed (CMAX=0.52 μg/ml TMAX=0.67 hr) and eliminated (T1/2 = 3.21 hr). The relative (to oral) fraction of the suppository dose absorbed was 30% (range <1%–67%). In hospitalized ill dogs, the suppositoryAPAPmean plasma concentration at 2 hr and 6 hr was 1.317 μg/mland 0.283 μg/ml. Nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling did not identify significant covariates affecting variability and was similar to noncompartmental results. Results supported that oral and suppository acetaminophen in healthy and clinical dogs did not reach or sustain concentrations associated with efficacy. Further studies performed on different doses are needed.
Go ask Alisoun: Geoffrey Chaucer and Deafland (deafness as authority)
Authors: Robinson Carol L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractI would like to ask that scholars of medieval studies consider several factors in examining the relationship(s) between deafness, Deafland, and Geoffrey Chaucer—really consider what it means to be hearing disabled, to be deaf. The barrier between Chaucer scholars and the deaf is actually as simple as unawareness. This barrier might be understood in two ways: (1) as a wall between Chaucerians (both scholars and students) and Geoffrey Chaucer's text or (2) as a lack of full perspective, of complete comprehension, of that wall: its depth, its height, its volume, its density, and so forth. In other words, this barrier represents a difference in dimensions, as well as a difference between a priori appreciation and experiential understanding of the senses. To voice is not a measure of either vocalness or muteness of sounds. It is not a measure of one's ability or inability to speak. Voice is not measured in terms of sound at all. It is a measure of how fluent one is: is that individual fluent in a spoken language, fluent in a written language, fluent in a signed language? (Remember, in the Middle Ages, it was rather common for one to be fluent in one spoken language, such as Old Irish, and fluent in a specialized language, such as Latin—something not at all unfamiliar to those who are fluent in American Sign Language and written English today.) Chaucer's Wife of Bath's characterization makes for an interesting tie to members of Deafland (both those who do and do not sign) and to the uniqueness of visual–spatial perspectives contained within a predominately temporal–audio world, which has always given priority and privilege of sounded voice over signed voice (if the latter was permitted to exist at all). In the case of this complex character, this Wife of Bath, the likelihood of misunderstanding who she is, and what Chaucer intends us to see in her, is high. Alisoun seems to be a magic deaf person—in even some of the most unlikely of situations, such as from one end of a long line of pilgrims on horse—but actually, she is not. There is nothing magical about deafness, just as there is nothing magical about audism and other forms of discrimination.Abstract in ASL (online): https://globalchaucers.wordpress.com/recordings/
Reading of the non‐template DNA by transcription elongation factors
Authors: Svetlov Vladimir , Nudler Evgeny 
Published: May 2018

SummaryUnlike transcription initiation and termination, which have easily discernable signals, such as promoters and terminators, elongation is regulated through a dynamic network involving RNA/DNA pause signals and states‐rather than sequence‐specific protein interactions. A report by Nedialkov et al. () provides experimental evidence for sequence‐specific recruitment of elongation factor RfaH to transcribing RNA polymerase (RNAP) and outlines the mechanism of gene expression regulation by restraint (‘locking’) of the DNA non‐template strand. According to this model, the elongation complex pauses at the so called ‘operon polarity sequence’ (found in some long bacterial operons coding for virulence genes), when the usually flexible non‐template DNA strand adopts a distinct hairpin‐loop conformation on the surface of transcribing RNAP. Sequence‐specific binding of RfaH to this DNA segment facilitates conversion of RfaH from its inactive closed to its active open conformation. The interaction network formed between RfaH, non‐template DNA and RNAP locks DNA in a conformation that renders RNAP resistant to pausing and termination. The effects of such locking on elongation can be mimicked by restraint of the non‐template strand due to its shortening. This work advances our understanding of transcription regulation and has important implications for the action of general elongation factors, such as NusG, which lack apparent sequence‐specificity, as well as for the mechanisms of other linked processes, such as transcription‐coupled DNA repair.
Decreasing arsenic accumulation in rice by overexpressing OsNIP1;1 and OsNIP3;3 through disrupting arsenite radial transport in roots
Authors: Sun Sheng‐Kai , Chen Yi , Che Jing , Konishi Noriyuki , Tang Zhong , Miller Anthony J. , Ma Jian Feng , Zhao Fang‐Jie 
Published: May 2018

Summary

Rice is a major dietary source of the toxic metalloid arsenic. Reducing arsenic accumulation in rice grain is important for food safety.

We generated transgenic rice overexpressing two aquaporin genes, OsNIP1;1 and OsNIP3;3, under the control of a maize ubiquitin promoter or the rice OsLsi1 promoter, and tested the effect on arsenite uptake and translocation.

OsNIP1;1 and OsNIP3;3 were highly permeable to arsenite in Xenopus oocyte assays. Both transporters were localized at the plasma membrane. Knockout of either gene had little effect on arsenite uptake or translocation. Overexpression of OsNIP1;1 or OsNIP3;3 in rice did not affect arsenite uptake but decreased root‐to‐shoot translocation of arsenite and shoot arsenic concentration markedly. The overexpressed OsNIP1;1 and OsNIP3;3 proteins were localized in all root cells without polarity. Expression of OsNIP1;1 driven by the OsLsi1 promoter produced similar effects. When grown in two arsenic‐contaminated paddy soils, overexpressing lines contained significantly lower arsenic concentration in rice grain than the wild‐type without compromising plant growth or the accumulation of essential nutrients.

Overexpression of OsNIP1;1 or OsNIP3;3 provides a route for arsenite to leak out of the stele, thus restricting arsenite loading into the xylem. This strategy is effective in reducing arsenic accumulation in rice grain.
Soil microclimate changes affect soil fungal communities in a Mediterranean pine forest
Authors: Castaño Carles , Lindahl Björn D. , Alday Josu G. , Hagenbo Andreas , Martínez de Aragón Juan , Parladé Javier , Pera Joan , Bonet José Antonio 
Published: May 2018

Summary

Soil microclimate is a potentially important regulator of the composition of plant‐associated fungal communities in climates with significant drought periods. Here, we investigated the spatio‐temporal dynamics of soil fungal communities in a Mediterranean Pinus pinaster forest in relation to soil moisture and temperature.

Fungal communities in 336 soil samples collected monthly over 1 year from 28 long‐term experimental plots were assessed by PacBio sequencing of ITS2 amplicons. Total fungal biomass was estimated by analysing ergosterol. Community changes were analysed in the context of functional traits.

Soil fungal biomass was lowest during summer and late winter and highest during autumn, concurrent with a greater relative abundance of mycorrhizal species. Intra‐annual spatio‐temporal changes in community composition correlated significantly with soil moisture and temperature. Mycorrhizal fungi were less affected by summer drought than free‐living fungi. In particular, mycorrhizal species of the short‐distance exploration type increased in relative abundance under dry conditions, whereas species of the long‐distance exploration type were more abundant under wetter conditions.

Our observations demonstrate a potential for compositional and functional shifts in fungal communities in response to changing climatic conditions. Free‐living fungi and mycorrhizal species with extensive mycelia may be negatively affected by increasing drought periods in Mediterranean forest ecosystems.
Pathophysiology and treatment of achalasia in a muscle mechanical perspective
Authors: Gregersen Hans , Lo Kar Man 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis review provides a biomechanical perspective on the pathophysiology and treatment of achalasia. The esophagus is efficient in transporting ingested material to the stomach in healthy subjects. A fine balance exists between the peristaltic forces generated in the esophageal body (which herein is defined as the preload) and the resistance in the outlet, the esophago‐gastric junction (which is defined as the afterload). Achalasia is a rare esophageal disease that progressively over many years challenges esophageal efficacy. Clinical features and current literature are interpreted using well‐known muscle mechanics models and terms from cardiac mechanophysiology. The preload, afterload, length–tension, and strain softening concepts in particular are useful for understanding the remodeling induced by achalasia. The concepts are also useful in understanding the treatment that aim to reduce the lower esophageal sphincter pressure that does not relax sufficiently in achalasia. These treatments cover endoscopic or laparoscopic myotomy, pneumatic balloon dilation, and Botox injections. In addition to the intended reduction of the afterload for aboral transport of ingested materials, the treatments tend to induce gastroesophageal reflux in some patients because they obliterate an important component in the reflux barrier.
Dehydration‐responsive nuclear proteome landscape of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) reveals phosphorylation‐mediated regulation of stress response
Authors: Barua Pragya , Lande Nilesh Vikram , Subba Pratigya , Gayen Dipak , Pinto Sneha , Keshava Prasad T.S. , Chakraborty Subhra , Chakraborty Niranjan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNonavailability of water or dehydration remains recurring climatic disorder affecting yield of major food crops, legumes in particular. Nuclear proteins (NPs) and phosphoproteins (NPPs) execute crucial cellular functions that form the regulatory hub for coordinated stress response. Phosphoproteins hold enormous influence over cellular signalling. Four‐week‐old seedlings of a grain legume, chickpea, were subjected to gradual dehydration, and NPs were extracted from unstressed control and from 72‐ and 144‐hr stressed tissues. We identified 4,832 NPs and 478 phosphosites, corresponding to 299 unique NPPs involved in multivariate cellular processes including protein modification and gene expression regulation, among others. The identified proteins included several novel kinases, phosphatases, and transcription factors, besides 660 uncharacterized proteins. Spliceosome complex and splicing related proteins were dominant among differentially regulated NPPs, indicating their dehydration modulated regulation. Phospho‐motif analysis revealed stress‐induced enrichment of proline‐directed serine phosphorylation. Association mapping of NPPs revealed predominance of differential phosphorylation of spliceosome and splicing associated proteins. Also, regulatory proteins of key processes viz., protein degradation, regulation of flowering time, and circadian clock were observed to undergo dehydration‐induced dephosphorylation. The characterization of novel regulatory proteins would provide new insights into stress adaptation and enable directed genetic manipulations for developing climate‐resilient crops.
Effects of reward context on feedback processing as indexed by time‐frequency analysis
Authors: Watts Adreanna T. M. , Bernat Edward M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe role of reward context has been investigated as an important factor in feedback processing. Previous work has demonstrated that the amplitude of the feedback negativity (FN) depends on the value of the outcome relative to the range of possible outcomes in a given context, not the objective value of the outcome. However, some research has shown that the FN does not scale with loss magnitude in loss‐only contexts, suggesting that some contexts do not show a pattern of context dependence. Methodologically, time‐frequency decomposition techniques have proven useful for isolating time‐domain ERP activity as separable processes indexed in delta (< 3 Hz) and theta (3–7 Hz). Thus, the current study assessed the role of context in a modified gambling feedback task using time‐frequency analysis to better isolate the underlying processes. Results revealed that theta was more context dependent and reflected a binary evaluation of bad versus good outcomes in the gain and even contexts. Delta was more context independent: good outcomes scaled linearly with reward magnitude and good‐bad differences scaled with context valence. Our findings reveal that theta and delta are differentially sensitive to context and that context valence may play a critical role in determining how the brain processes feedback.
Productivity and efficiency at english football clubs: a random coefficient approach
Authors: Feng Guohua , Jewell Todd 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper analyzes productivity and efficiency of English professional football clubs from 1981–1982 to 2010–2011, using a random coefficient stochastic distance frontier (SDF) model. Our Bayes factor analysis indicates that this model is strongly favored over the commonly used fixed coefficient SDF model. Our empirical results show that clubs in our sample operate at different levels of technical efficiency and technical change. Our further analysis using ordered logistic regression suggests that technical efficiency is more important than technical change in predicting whether clubs in our sample are promoted or relegated.
Peranan Estim Diri Sebagai Pengantara Antara Perapatan Ibu Bapa-anak dan Sikap Terhadap Tingkah Laku Seksual Dalam Kalangan Remaja Hamil Luar Nikah
Authors: Shahruddin Nor Jum'awaton , Mansor Mariani , Madon Zainal , Hamsan Hanina Halimatusaadiah 
Published: May 2018

This study examined the mediating influence of self-esteem on the relationship between parent-child attachment and sexual attitude behavior among adolescent out of wedlock pregnancy in Peninsular Malaysia. Based on cross-sectional design, the sample of this study consisted of 130 teenagers pregnant out of wedlock aged between 14 years and 19 years from 4 welfare institutions in the states of Selangor, Perak, Johor and Kelantan participated in this research. Findings revealed that the level of parent-child attachmen is moderate, a hight of self esteem and respondents indicated a high level of attitude sexual behavior. Results of Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that there were significant relationships between parent-child attachment with attitudes toward sexual behaviour (r = -.220, p <.05) and a significant correlation between self esteem and attitude sexual behavior (r = .708, p <.05). In conclusion, the parent-child attachment and self esteem related to attitude sexual behavior. The findings of this study prove that parents should maximize time to ensure that youth do not feel isolated in the family. At the same time, this study also suggests several alternatives in order to curb sexual misconduct among the teenagers today.
Sex differences in diaphragmatic fatigue: the cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance
Authors: Welch Joseph F. , Archiza Bruno , Guenette Jordan A. , West Christopher R. , Sheel A. William 
Published: May 2018

Key points
Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits a sympathetically mediated metaboreflex resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure and limb vascular resistance.
Women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore it was hypothesised that women would experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex during inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL) performed to task failure.
At the time of PTL task failure, the severity of DF was not different between sexes; however, inspiratory muscle endurance time was significantly longer in women than in men.
For a given cumulative diaphragmatic force output, the severity of DF was less in women than in men.
Women exhibited a blunted cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance (i.e. metaboreflex) that may have implications for exercise tolerance.
AbstractDiaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits reflexive increases in sympathetic vasomotor outflow (i.e. metaboreflex). There is some evidence suggesting women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore may experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex. To this end, we sought to examine the cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance in healthy young men (n = 9, age = 24 ± 3 years) and women (n = 9, age = 24 ± 3 years). Subjects performed isocapnic inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL, 60% maximal inspiratory mouth pressure) to task failure. Diaphragmatic fatigue was assessed by measuring transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (Pdi,tw) using cervical magnetic stimulation. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured beat‐by‐beat throughout PTL via photoplethysmography, and low‐frequency systolic pressure (LFSBP; a surrogate for sympathetic vasomotor tone) calculated from arterial waveforms using power spectrum analysis. At PTL task failure, the degree of DF was similar between sexes (∼23% reduction in Pdi,tw; P = 0.33). However, time to task failure was significantly longer in women than in men (27 ± 11 vs. 16 ± 11 min, respectively; P = 0.02). Women exhibited less of an increase in HR (13 ± 8 vs. 19 ± 12 bpm; P = 0.02) and MAP (10 ± 8 vs. 14 ± 9 mmHg; P = 0.01), and significantly lower LFSBP (23 ± 11 vs. 34 ± 8 mmHg2; P = 0.04) during PTL compared to men. An attenuation of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex may influence limb and respiratory muscle haemodynamics with implications for exercise performance.