bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Testing of Uniform Samplers
Authors: Chakraborty Sourav , Meel Kuldeep S. 
Published: August 2019

Recent years have seen an unprecedented adoption of artificial intelligence in a wide variety of applications ranging from medical diagnosis, automobile industry, security to aircraft collision avoidance. Probabilistic reasoning is a key component of such modern artificial intelligence systems. Sampling techniques form the core of the state of the art probabilistic reasoning systems.
The divide between the existence of sampling techniques that have strong theoretical guarantees but fail to scale and scalable techniques with weak or no theoretical guarantees mirrors the gap in software engineering between poor scalability of classical program synthesis techniques and billions of programs that are routinely used by practitioners. One bridge connecting the two extremes in the context of software engineering has been program testing. In contrast to testing for deterministic programs, where one trace is sufficient to prove the existence of a bug, in case of samplers one sample is typically not sufficient to prove non-conformity of the sampler to the desired distribution. This makes one wonder whether it is possible to design testing methodology to test whether a sampler under test generates samples close to a given distribution.
The primary contribution of this paper is an affirmative answer to the above question when the given distribution is a uniform distribution: We design, to the best of our knowledge, the first algorithmic framework, Barbarik, to test whether the distribution generated is ε−close or η−far from the uniform distribution. In contrast to the sampling techniques that require an exponential or sub-exponential number of samples for sampler whose support can be represented by n bits, Barbarik requires only O(1/(η−ε)4) samples. We present a prototype implementation of Barbarik and use it to test three state of the art uniform samplers over the support defined by combinatorial constraints. Barbarik can provide a certificate of uniformity to one sampler and demonstrate nonuniformity for the other two samplers.
Erratum: This research is supported in part by the National Research Foundation Singapore under its AI Singapore Programme (Award Number: [AISG-RP-2018-005])
Dual Checkpoint Inhibition with Ipilimumab plus Nivolumab After Progression on Sequential PD-1/PDL-1 Inhibitors Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab in a Patient with Lynch Syndrome, Metastatic Colon, and Localized Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Winer Arthur , Ghatalia Pooja , Bubes Nicole , Anari Fern , Varshavsky Asya , Kasireddy Vineela , Liu Yang , El-Deiry Wafik S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is an approved therapy for advanced metastatic mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cancer regardless of tissue of origin. Although therapy is effective initially, recurrence rates are significant, and long-term outcomes remain poor for most patients. It is not currently recommended to give sequential ICB for advanced MMR-deficient colorectal cancer (CRC) or for patients with metastatic cancer from Lynch syndrome. The need for subsequent therapy options in advanced MMR-deficient cancer beyond the first ICB regimen arises in clinical practice, and there are often no effective standard chemotherapies or other targeted therapies. We report the case of a Lynch syndrome patient with metastatic CRC and urothelial cancer who was treated sequentially with pembrolizumab (targeting PD1), atezolizumab (targeting PD-L1), brief rechallenge with pembrolizumab, and finally the combination of ipilimumab (targeting CTLA-4) and nivolumab (targeting PD1). Over a 28-month period the patient experienced prolonged disease control with each different regimen the first time it was given, including metabolic response by positron emission tomography and computed tomography scanning and tumor marker reductions. The case suggests that some patients with advanced MMR-deficient CRC may experience meaningful clinical benefit from multiple sequential ICB regimens, a strategy that can be further tested in clinical trials.

Key Points
The case exemplifies clinical benefit from sequential immune checkpoint blockade in a patient with Lynch syndrome with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer and urothelial cancer. Metabolic response, with decreased fluorodeoxyglucose avidity on positron emission tomography and computed tomography, and reductions in tumor markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, were helpful in this case to monitor disease status over a 28-month period of therapy. The concept of sequential immune checkpoint blockade in patients with advanced mismatch repair-deficient cancer merits further study to determine which patients are most likely to benefit.
Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Attenuate Experimental Autoimmune Antimyeloperoxidase Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Odobasic Dragana , Oudin Virginie , Ito Kenji , Gan Poh-Yi , Kitching A. Richard , Holdsworth Stephen R. 
Published: August 2019

Significance Statement
Current treatments for autoimmune anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) GN are only partially effective and have many adverse effects, including broad immunosuppression. Thus, safer, more targeted therapies are needed, ideally ones that induce MPO-specific immunosuppression. Tolerogenic dendritic cells can deliver antigen-specific immunosuppression and have shown efficacy in various disease models. To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of this approach in a mouse model of anti-MPO GN, the authors generated MPO-loaded tolerogenic dendritic cells, induced by ex vivo treatment with an NFκB inhibitor. They demonstrated that these tolerogenic dendritic cells attenuated established anti-MPO autoimmunity and GN in mice in an antigen-specific manner, generating IL-10–expressing regulatory CD4+Foxp3+ T cells via inducible costimulator. These findings suggest that antigen-exposed tolerogenic dendritic cells may offer a novel antigen-specific therapeutic option for anti-MPO GN.

Background
Because of their capacity to induce antigen-specific immunosuppression, tolerogenic dendritic cells are a promising tool for treatment of autoimmune conditions, such as GN caused by autoimmunity against myeloperoxidase (MPO).

Methods
We sought to generate tolerogenic dendritic cells to suppress anti-MPO GN by culturing bone marrow cells with an NFκB inhibitor (BAY 11-7082) and exposing them to a pulse of MPO. After administering these MPO/BAY dendritic cells or saline to mice with established anti-MPO or anti–methylated BSA (mBSA) immunity, we assessed immune responses and GN. We also examined mechanisms of action of MPO/BAY dendritic cells.

Results
MPO/BAY dendritic cells decreased anti-MPO immunity and GN without inhibiting immune responses against mBSA; they also induced IL-10–producing regulatory T cells in MPO-immunized mice without affecting IL-10+ CD4+Foxp3− type 1 regulatory T cells or regulatory B cells. MPO/BAY dendritic cells did not inhibit anti-MPO immunity when CD4+Foxp3+ cells were depleted in vivo, showing that regulatory T cells are required for their effects. Coculture experiments with dendritic cells and CD4+Foxp3− or CD4+Foxp3+ cells showed that MPO/BAY dendritic cells generate Foxp3+ regulatory T cells from CD4+Foxp3− cells through several pathways, and induce IL-10+ regulatory T cells via inducible costimulator (ICOS), which was confirmed in vivo. Transfer of MPO/BAY dendritic cell–induced regulatory T cells in vivo, with or without anti–IL-10 receptor antibody, demonstrated that they suppress anti-MPO immunity and GN via IL-10.

Conclusions
MPO/BAY dendritic cells attenuate established anti-MPO autoimmunity and GN in an antigen-specific manner through ICOS-dependent induction of IL-10–expressing regulatory T cells. This suggests that autoantigen-loaded tolerogenic dendritic cells may represent a novel antigen-specific therapeutic option for anti-MPO GN.
Straightening of low-rigid cylindrical details. Part I. Justification of the type of loading and modes at transverse straightening
Authors: Zaides S. A. , Khong Kuang Le 
Published: August 2019

For straightening of low-rigid cylindrical details like shaft and axes different types of loadings are considered which form tension different in size and in distribution. As the perspective direction, it is possible to consider correction by a bend at the influence of the distributed loading with the subsequent hardening of a billet by superficial plastic deformation based on a cross cheesing of it by flat plates. Purpose of the work was to define tension of the billet at cross correction for the choice of more effective type of loading and processing rational modes. The mathematical apparatus was used based on laws of the theory of an elastoplastic solid and Ansys Workbench software package. Novelty is the research of effective methods of loading at cross correction of cylindrical details. As a result of analytical calculations, value of the residual tension providing correction of cylindrical details was determined. Residual tension necessary for correction of cylindrical details depends on an initial deflection, material and preparation rate. Tension of cylindrical details was defined depending on a type of the application of cross loadings. Bend tension for correction of a shaft at distributed loading is less, than tension from action of cross force. For correction of a shaft with a diameter of 10 mm, 200  mm long and an initial deflection of 0.5  mm it is necessary to create bend tension equal to about 370  MPa. An effective method of loading at cross correction of cylindrical details is the bend at influence of the distributed loading. The received extreme values of bend coefficients are from 5.3 to 5.5 for all cases of shaft rigidity at correction by cross bend at distributed loading with l/L relation equal to 0.8. The developed mathematical model gives quite reliable values of the residual tension providing correction of cylindrical details. The analytical dependence for determination of the size of general deflections and definition of an effective loading type can be recommended for practical use in production for achievement of precision accuracy of low-rigid details like shaft.
Prevalence of prediabetes in children and its association with risk factors
Authors: Aroor Amitha Rao , Varghese Tharun C. , Soans Santosh T. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Type 2 Diabetes is becoming more common at younger age group. It is important to screen children and adolescents for prediabetes to prevent long-term complications of diabetes. This study was conducted to study the prevalence of prediabetes in children and its association with risk factorsMethods: It is a Prospective hospital-based study. Children aged 6 to 18 years admitted in the Pediatric ward of tertiary care hospital were included. Study was done over a period of 2 years November 2015-October 2017. Participants were screened to find out the prevalence of prediabetes. Prediabetes was defined as fasting glucose concentration (FBS)of 100-125 mg/dl or a HbA1c value of between 5.7% and 6.4%, or a two-hour post-glucose tolerance concentration (OGTT) of 140-199mg/dl.Results: 607 children participated in the study.56.3% were males. Prevalence of Prediabetes was 20.4% with a combination of OGTT, FBS and HbA1c tests. Prevalence by OGTT was 5.9%, HbA1c 4.1% and by FBS was 17.1%. Higher prevalence of prediabetes was associated with male gender, frequent consumption of junk foods, decreased physical activities, overweight, obesity and high waist to hip ratio. Combination of FBS with GTT and FBS with HbA1c had better sensitivity and specificity when compared to combination of OGTT with HbA1c .Conclusion: Screening of children for prediabetes at younger age especially those with risk factors and intervention with lifestyle modification may help in delaying the progression of the disease.
Effectiveness of case scenario-based learning over didactic lectures on teaching pediatric infectious diseases to undergraduate medical students
Authors: T. Rehna , Abraham Robin Joseph 
Published: August 2019

Background: Case scenario based learning offers an interactive approach in medical education. It can be either as case based or problem based. objectives of This study compared the effectiveness of Case scenario based learning (CBL) over didactic lectures (DL) among final year part II M.B.B.S students. It also compared the student’s perception between the two methods.Methods: This interventional study was done in the Department of Pediatrics, Al- Azhar Medical College, Kerala for a period of two months. The participants(n=120) were divided into two groups- A and B who had respectively attended three sessions of CBL and DL on Pediatric infectious diseases. A test was conducted at the end of each session and after 2 weeks in the form of SAQs. A questionnaire was given to the participants about their perception. The data was analysed in SPSS 16 using unpaired t test and Mann- Whitney U test.Results: The mean exam scores for immediate tests were 26.04±1.9 and 19.47±2.8 for Batch A and Batch B respectively. The mean exam scores for the test conducted after two weeks showed significant result with 24.0±2.56 and 18.58±4.03 for Batch A and B respectively. Comparison of student’s perception on Likert’s scale about the teaching method yielded significant difference for CBL over DL with p<0.001.Conclusions: Case scenario based learning is an innovative method which is sure to invoke more interest and academic excellence in medical students.
Clinical profiles and outcomes of neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and treated with double volume exchange transfusion: a retrospective study
Authors: Pradhan Janaki Ballav , Kamalarathnam C. N. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Double volume exchange transfusion (DVET) for severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia has become less common events now days in pediatric practices. But kernicterus is still common in low income country like India. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical profile and outcome in neonates who were treated with DVET.Methods: This was a retrospective study in neonate’s ≥34 weeks of gestation that were treated with DVET for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia over a period of four years.Results: In our study, 37 neonates underwent DVET. Male neonates (62.13%) and normal vaginal delivery (NVD) (70.2%) are common. ABO Isoimmunisation was commonest cause (56.75%) of exchange transfusion. The mean TSBR at pre exchange and Post Exchange were 27.39 ± 5.99mg/dl and 15.16 ± 4.00mg/dl (p<0.05). Ten neonates (27%) among 37 neonates required twice DVET.Thrombocytopenia14 (37.83%); Seizure 5(13.5%) and Hypocalcaemia 3(8.1%) were common complication noted among total 17 (45.94%) neonates. BIND occurred in 15 neonates (40.5%) at the time of admission and seven (18.9%) neonates had persistent neurological abnormality at discharge. Neonate with BIND had early onset of jaundice (44.13±15.37 hours vs. 61.22±28.23hrs, p<0.05), with higher pre exchange TSBR value(28.96 ±8.5mg/dl vs. 26.22±3.17mg/dl). Neonates admitted with BIND had higher percentage of persistent encephalopathy (40% vs. 4.5%,p<0.05), abnormal tone (33.3% vs. 4.5%,p<0.05), abnormal feeding (33.3% vs. 4.5%,p<0.05) and abnormal posture (26.6% vs. 0%,p<0.05) at discharge as compared to those without BIND. No death occurred in this study population.Conclusions: Early detection and aggressive therapy with DVET can prevent neonates from brain injury.
Bili blanket phototherapy
Authors: Donel Jissa 
Published: August 2019

Jaundice is a common condition in neonates, occurring in 60% to 84% of late term and term infants. Phototherapy is considered as a treatment of choice since many years in the management of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Phototherapy is the use of visible light to treat severe jaundice in the neonatal period. Treatment with phototherapy is implemented in order to prevent the neurotoxic effects of high serum unconjugated bilirubin. Different types of phototherapy delivery system are in use. Bili blanket phototherapy uses fiberoptic systems that reduces or eliminates all of the potential complications of conventional phototherapy and facilitates establishment of an enhanced parent-infant bond.
AN ANALYSIS OF WRITTEN ERRORS; A CASE OF SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH
Authors: Hayati Wardah 
Published: August 2019

Errors are envitable happen during the process of learning a language. Students of English majoring in UIN A Antasari also frequently make errors in their witten respon during reading comprehension class. By analying written paper of these 28 students the researcher aims to know the areas as well as the types ot their errors. The analysis on 114 student written errors shows that the students made errors in the areas of to be/auxiliary, subject-verb agreement, lexical, preposition, noun clause, possessive, verb, noun phrase construction, pluralization, and article. The most errors was in the area of tobe/ auxiliary with 34 errors while the least one is in article. Types of errors found in this study are misformation, omission, addition and misordering. The anlysis indicates that the errors are resulted from interlingual errors indicating interference from Bahasa.
Tokat ili kronik Hepatit B enfeksiyonlu hastalarda Tork Teno virüs ve Hepatit D virüs araştırılması
Authors: Dağcıoğlu Yelda , Altuner Zekeriya , Bulut Yunus , Barut Hüseyin Şener 
Published: August 2019

Amaç: Tokat
ilinde kronik hepatit B tanılı hastalarda Hepatit Delta Virüs (HDV) ve Tork
Teno Virüs (TTV) araştırması yapıldı.Gereç ve Yöntemler:
Çalışma Ocak 2015-Temmuz 2015 tarihleri arasında Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Tıp
Fakültesi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalında gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya Kronik HBV’li
110 hasta (58’i kadın, 52’si erkek) ve 90 sağlıklı birey dahil edildi. Hasta
kanlarından izole edilen TTV-DNA ve
HDV-RNA’ların polimeraz zincir reaksiyonları (PZR) yapıldı. Ayrıca hastalarda
aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) değerleri de
çalışıldı.Bulgular:
Hasta numunelerinin 108’i HDV-RNA negatif, 2’si (%1,81) HDV-RNA pozitif olarak
tespit edildi. Sağlıklı bireylerin tümünde HDV-RNA negatif bulundu. TTV çalışmasında
ise 110 numunenin 106’sı (%96,4) TTV-DNA pozitif olarak bulunurken, 4’ü TTV-DNA
negatif olarak tespit edildi. Sağlıklı bireylerde ise 90 numunenin 86’sının
(%95,35) TTV-DNA pozitif, 4’ünün (%4,65) TTV-DNA negatif olduğu tespit edildi. HDV-RNA
pozitif olan hastalarda ALT ve AST değerleri arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı
bir ilişki tespit edilirken (p&lt;0,05), TTV pozitif olan hastalarda ise anlamlı
bir ilişki yoktu (p&gt;0,05).

Sonuç:
Tokat ilinin, HDV enfeksiyon oranı, Türkiye ortalamasının oldukça altında, dünya
genelinde ise, çok düşük endemisite grubuna dahil bölgeler arasında olduğu
görüldü. Tokat’ta ilk defa araştırılan TorkTenovirüs ise %96 oranı ile dünya ve
Türkiye ortalamasının oldukça üzerindedir. Kronik hepatit B enfeksiyonlu hasta
grubunda araştırılan TorkTenovirüs ve hepatit deltavirüs enfeksiyonları
arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır.
Cell technologies in the regenerative medicine of the heart: main problems and ways of development
Authors: Agladze K. I. 
Published: August 2019

The potential of heart tissues for self-regeneration is not high and supposedly limited to a small number of the niche stem cells. This makes it extremely important to develop regenerative technologies for the myocardium based on modern techniques, for instance, cell re-programming and 3D bioprinting. However, it is often difficult to differentiate the sensational reports regularly appearing in mass media on “breakthrough” technologies from those that really have practical applications. The article sets out a point of view on the popular technologies for the regeneration of cardiac tissues and myocardium as a whole and reviews their drawbacks. The main problems of the bioprinting approach being actively developed include a low differentiation level with printing by stem cells that does not allow for a full-fledged cardiac tissue without foreign inclusions, as well as technological impossibility, when printing with stem cells, to set up their links with other cells during cell delivery in their corresponding matrix locations. Despite some optimistic reports on the good performance on stem or induced pluripotent cells injections into the myocardial injury zone that were first made public about 20 years ago, nowadays this idea seems rather doubtful, because in the recent years there has been virtually no positive effect of this procedure with a serious risk of complications. As far as growing of heart muscle elements is concerned, the main challenge is the development of the “proper” vascularization of the muscle being grown. At the same time, one has to emphasize practical feasibility of growing relatively small myocardial elements, such as sinus node.
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSEDURAL DAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA MELALULI PENGAJARAN LANGSUNG BERBANTUAN MEDIA ANIMASI
Authors: Kanaby Aesa , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Salam Abdul 
Published: August 2019

Rendahnya keterampilan prosedural siswa dalam proses pembelajaran merupakan hal yang mendasari penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan keterampilan prosedural siswa melalui model pengajaran langsung berbantuan media animasi pada materi cahaya. Tujuan khusus penelitian mendeskripsikan: (1) keterlaksanaan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, (2) keterampilan prosedural, (3) hasil belajar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Perangkat dan istrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, materi ajar, lembar kerja siswa, tes hasil belajar, lembar observasi keterampilan guru dan lembar keterampilan prosedural siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan (1) keterlaksanaan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran siklus I sebesar 79,75% berkategori baik dan siklus II sebesar 94,00% berkategori sangat baik; (2) keterampilan prosedural siswa siklus I sebesar 3,35 berkategori sangat baik dan siklus II sebesar 3,64 berkategori sangat baik; (3) hasil belajar siswa secara klasikal siklus I sebesar 24% berkategori tidak tuntas dan siklus II sebesar 84% berkategori tuntas. Diperoleh simpulan bahwa keterampilan prosedural siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 27 Banjarmasin pada materi cahaya meningkat setelah diterapkan model pengajaran langsung berbantuan media animasi.
Meningkatkan Aktivitas Siswa VIII B SMPN 11 Banjarmasin Dengan Penerapan Model Kooperatif Tipe Student Team Achievement Division
Authors: Ramadhana Richi , Mastuang Mastuang , Miriam Sarah 
Published: August 2019

Kurangnya pembelajaran yang aktif bagi siswa menyebabkan siswa kurang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran, hal ini diduga karena guru hanya menerapkan model pembelajaran dengan metode ceramah menyebabkan perlunya dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division. Tujuan khusus penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan: (1) keterlaksanaan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), (2) aktivitas siswa, dan (3) hasil belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri atas dua siklus, setiap siklusnya terdiri dari: perencanaan, tindakan/observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini ialah siswa VIII B SMPN 11 Banjarmasin. Perangkat dan instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS), Tes Hasil Belajar (THB), materi ajar, dan lembar observasi aktivitas siswa. Data diperoleh dari hasil tes dan observasi. Temuan penelitian yaitu: (1) keterlaksanaan RPP yaitu 73,4% pada siklus I dengan kategori baik menjadi 93,2% pada siklus II dengan kategori sangat baik; (2) Aktivitas belajar siswa juga meningkat dari 75,6% pada siklus I dengan kategori aktif menjadi 86,0% pada siklus II dengan kategori sangat aktif; (3) hasil belajar siswa, yaitu 13% pada siklus I menjadi 67% pada siklus II. Diperoleh simpulan bahwa aktivitas siswa VIII B SMPN 11 Banjarmasin meningkat setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division.