bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-passage properties of asymmetric Lévy flights
Authors: Padash Amin , Chechkin Aleksei V , Dybiec Bartlomiej , Pavlyukevich Ilya , Shokri Babak , Metzler Ralf 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lévy flights are paradigmatic generalised random walk processes, in which the independent stationary increments—the ‘jump lengths’—are drawn from an

-stable jump length distribution with long-tailed, power-law asymptote. As a result, the variance of Lévy flights diverges and the trajectory is characterised by occasional extremely long jumps. Such long jumps significantly decrease the probability to revisit previous points of visitation, rendering Lévy flights efficient search processes in one and two dimensions. To further quantify their precise property as random search strategies we here study the first-passage time properties of Lévy flights in one-dimensional semi-infinite and bounded domains for symmetric and asymmetric jump length distributions. To obtain the full probability density function of first-passage times for these cases we employ two complementary methods. One approach is based on the space-fractional diffusion equation for the probability density function, from which the survival probability is obtained for different values of the stable index

and the skewness (asymmetry) parameter

. The other approach is based on the stochastic Langevin equation with

-stable driving noise. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages for explicit calculations and numerical evaluation, and the complementary approach involving both methods will be profitable for concrete applications. We also make use of the Skorokhod theorem for processes with independent increments and demonstrate that the numerical results are in good agreement with the analytical expressions for the probability density function of the first-passage times.
Calculation on the Uprighting Process of a damaged-capsized ship
Authors: Dewei Pan , Yuqiang Sun , Fanyi Kong , Yuhao Sun , Jianwen Ma 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Righting a damaged-capsized ship can be very complicated. In this paper, flooding quantity and three-dimensional mathematical model of righting force are introduced in order to solve the buoyancy and stability of a capsized ship. Through the simulation, the uprighting process of a damaged-capsized ship with air cushion was researched. Computation result shows that the proportion between the maximum righting moment in the opposite direction and the maximum righting moment is 2.891. Trim decreased gradually during the uprighting process, so it reached the minimum value when the ship returned to equilibrium location. The quantity of flooding water increased slowly in the later process when the opening was beneath the water level. For each calculation, the maximum shear force was located at the same position, which does not increase with flooding quantity.
Automatic Geometric Correction of Complex Sea Condition Remote Sensing Image Based on Decision Tree Classification
Authors: Hua Li , Sui Haigang , Ding Wei , Fu Hongbo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The geometric correction of ocean remote sensing image is a prerequisite for its data application. In this paper, to solve the problem that the sea island is sparse, cloud interference is severe, the control point is difficult to obtain, an automatic correction technique based on decision tree classification is proposed. In this paper, the image is processed by the method of super-pixel segmentation first. Then, the spectral and texture features in the superpixels are selected, including the energy value, the entropy and the correlation value of the gray level co-occurrence matrix and the normalized water index. Finally, the tree image classification model is used to classify the image superpixels, and the clear sky area which will be matched directly with the reference image can be extracted. Through the template matching and polynomial geometric model, the geometric correction of the remote sensing image is automatically corrected. Through the experiment of Landset8 OLI_TIRS image, compared with the classification results of the other two classification methods, the final precision is better than the other two methods. Therefore, the technical process proposed in this paper can be applied to the geometric correction of complex sea condition remote sensing images.
Numerical Study of the Kinematic Motions of a Solitary Wave Hitting an Inclined Plate
Authors: Chang CH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this study, we numerically investigated the vortex patterns and free-surface deformations of a solitary wave interacting with a bottom-mounted plate at various inclinations in shallow water. Assuming two-dimensional, incompressible, and non-breaking conditions, we considered a viscous fluid based on the streamfunction-vorticity algorithm used in Navier–Stokes equations. We solved the governing equations by finite analysis, and used an averaged two-time step method to consider nonlinear conditions on the free surface. To fit the irregular boundaries and reveal the fine details of the vortex phenomenon, we applied a transient boundary-fitted grid along with a local-grid-refinement technique and examined the vortex mechanics around the submerged barrier. We then compared the numerical solutions obtained for the flow patterns with existing experimental observations to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of the numerical model. In addition, we systematically simulated other cases using this model to explore kinematic phenomena such as streamlines, equi-vorticity lines, streak lines, timelines, and path lines.
Wave parameters influence on breakwater stability
Authors: Diwedar Al I , Abdelhaleem F S , Ali A M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This research paper experimentally explored the wave parameters effects on the breakwater armour layer stability. Breakwater stability mainly depends on the armour layer that guards the inner layers against the wave attack and the wave condition affects the breakwater stability. The wave height, length and steepness effect were investigated during the test program. Different formulas were available in the literature to predict the breakwater stability. The laboratory results were thus employed to assess the applicability of existing design equations. Experimental results showed that under normal wave condition (Hs) the breakwater was stable, whereas under storm condition (Hs of 1.2 designed wave height) the roundhead reached the failure state. The results approved the impact of wave parameters on the breakwater stability and damage progression. Results revealed that the existing design formulas underestimate the structure stability.
Experimental Study on Wave Interaction with Multiple Row Pile Breakwater
Authors: Sultana S , Rahman A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Coastal works where the tranquillity requirements are low porous pile breakwaters are considered as a good cost-effective substitute for the conventional type of breakwaters. In this study, an experimental investigation has been carried out in a two-dimensional wave flume to study the wave interaction with vertical pile breakwater. At 50 cm still water depth (h), interactions between regular waves (wave period T = 1.5 sec, 1.6 sec, 1.8 sec and 2.0 sec) and the pile breakwater of two different porosity (n = 0.65 and 0.80) and three different structure heights (h

b
= 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm) have been studied experimentally. Experimental results reveal that, minimum transmission coefficient (K

t
= 0.55) is obtained for breakwater with lowest porosity (n = 0.65) and with emerged condition (h

b
/h = 1.2) for short wave period (T = 1.5 sec). Minimum reflection coefficient is obtained for breakwater with highest porosity (n = 0.80) and with submerged condition (h

b
/h = 0.8). It is also noticed that porosity has an effect on wave energy loss coefficient.
Development of a stretched absolute wavelength standard using dichroic atomic vapor spectroscopy towards observation of light-induced drift
Authors: Kusano Y , Nishiya N , Matsuoka L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An absolute wavelength standard broader than the Doppler width of the atomic absorption signal was developed by using a method called dichroic atomic vapor spectroscopy (DAVS). DAVS is known as a method to obtain an error signal for stabilization of laser wavelength, called dichroic atomic vapor laser locking (DAVLL). In the DAVS, a magnetic field is applied to the atomic vapor cell and a stretched signal is obtained by the Zeeman effect. The DAVS experiment was performed by using ring-type permanent magnets and a cesium vapor cell at room temperature, and the placement and number of magnets were optimized. By measuring the height of the DAVS signal calibrated in advance, continuous monitoring of the absolute laser wavelength become possible. The developed system is suitable to be used as a stretched wavelength standard in the experiment of the light-induced drift.
The effect of the composition of magnesia flux on the sinter structure and properties
Authors: Shapovalov A N , Ovchinnikova E V , Gorbunov V B , Dema R R , Kalugina O B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The metallurgical properties of magnesian fluxes of the Khalilovo deposit with different ratios in the composition of magnesite and serpentine are studied. The results of laboratory study experiments the effect of magnesian fluxes properties of the Khalilovo deposit on the sinter production from the ore of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly at the plant of JSC Ural Steel are presented. It is revealed that the use of experienced fluxes contributes to the sinter strength, increase the yield ratio and specific capacity. Thus, using experienced fluxes instead of Bakal siderite, an increase in the yield of sinter is provided by 3-5 % (rel.) as a result of acceleration of solid-phase reactions involving magnesite and serpentine. At the same time, the sinter productivity increases from 1.04 to 1.08-1.15 t / m2/h, that is, by 4-10% (rel.). The use of experienced magnesian fluxes supports to increase the drum strength of the sinter by 4-6 % abs. Improving the strength characteristics of the sinter when using the magnesian fluxes of the Khalilovo deposit is due to the formation of a "reinforcing" of hedenbergite solid solutions as well as homogenization of the solidifying melt and crystallization of it in the form of a glass phase of rankinite composition, which together limit the formation of β-Ca2SiO4.
Nanostructured zinc oxide films grown via microwave-assisted H2O oxidation for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Pelicano C M , Yanagi H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
ZnO is well-known to be one of the most significant metal oxides that can be used as an electron-transporting layer (ETL) in solar cells. Hence, developing efficient and low temperature protocols have been the spotlight of numerous studies to form nanostructured ZnO films. Herein, the growth of nanostructured ZnO films via low-temperature microwave-assisted H2O oxidation is presented. ZnO nanorods developed after 30 min of microwave irradiation. Then the nanorods evolved to nanoparticles in longer irradiation time. Raman scattering spectra of these nanostructures displayed intense E2-mode peaks confirming their high-quality wurtzite crystal structure. All the samples have an average transmittance of ∼ 80%, which demonstrates their potential as ETL for solar cells. Our results highlight the potential of the integration of microwave technology with H2O oxidation as a fast, low temperature and sustainable process of developing ZnO nanomaterials that can be used for flexible ZnO-based electronics.
Using non-continuous gold film as the seed layer for developing zinc oxide nanowire array
Authors: Chiu P-K , Lin C-W , Huang D-R , Yang C-T , Chiang D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study aims to discuss the grown morphology and current generation of ZnO nanowire array developed from non-continuous Au thin film as the seed and compare the results with the nanowire array from ZnO thin film as the seed layer. The zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine used as the reaction solution and the hydrothermal process with process temperature less than 95°C are applied. It is revealed that ZnO nanowires developed with non-continuous Au film as the seed appear sparser density, present better crystallization direction (002) and higher collimation. The effect of concentration of reaction solution on the diameter, length and distribution of nanowires is reported. The electron back scattering diffraction technique confirms each grown wire is a single crystal from the bottom to top. The ZnO nanowires with piezoelectric property are measured with the conductive atomic force microscope system. The result shows that single ZnO nanowire could generate more than 800 pA current when being bent.
Synthesis of calcium phosphate composite organogels by using castor oil and sorbitan monopalmitate based for dentine occlusion material
Authors: Waiyawat J , Akkarachaneeyakorn K , Changpongpan P , Kongsema M , Teanchai C , Chienthavorn O 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Calcium phosphate composite organogel was synthesized from a mixture of sorbitan monopalmitate as emulsifier and castor oil as oil phase at 60 °C to establish emulsion system with calcium chloride and di-sodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution as water phase. The heated mixture was cooled at room temperature to form organogel. The prepared organogels were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and cytotoxicity test. The prepared organogels of 4:3 and 1:1 in oil/water content ratio were white and gritty in nature, which resulted in calcium phosphate nanoparticles with spherical shape of 1.3 to 1.9 μm and 1.2 to 2.3 μm, respectively. They were able to successfully occlude into dentine tubules within 1 day. In addition, the prepared organogels were found to have acceptable toxicity level for daily human use with high concentration up to 1600 μg/ml. Hence, these organogels showed the promising results to be developed as an effective dentine occlusion material in relieving of dentin hypersensitivity.
Tracking the Increase of Acaricide Resistance in an Invasive Population of Cattle Fever Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Implementation of Real-Time PCR Assays to Rapidly Genotype Resistance Mutations
Authors: Thomas Donald B , Klafke Guilherme , Busch Joseph D , Olafson Pia U , Miller Robert A , Mosqueda Juan , Stone Nathan E , Scoles Glen , Wagner David M , Perez-De-Leon Adalberto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe invasive cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae), occurs in the United States only along the Texas border as incursions from Mexico. Intensive acaricide treatment of cattle herds in Mexico to reduce tick populations has resulted in the development of resistance to an array of acaricides. Resistance to permethrin has increased both in incidence and level in Texas over the last decade, even though permethrin is not used to control fever ticks on the U.S. side of the border. From 3 to 4% of submittals in 2008 to over 50% in 2016 and 2017 showed resistance based on standardized pesticide bioassays. Moreover, by 2017, the highly resistant ticks had spread to include all five of the southmost Texas counties and were found on both cattle and sylvatic hosts. Improved diagnostic tools developed by our group include a panel of DNA-based real-time PCR assays to detect mutations within the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) that are involved in permethrin resistance. Further, a positive correlation between the presence of multiple Vssc mutations and phenotypic resistance was validated. These assays can be completed within days of receiving field collected ticks providing timely, valuable information to program managers. Microsatellite marker analysis of these pyrethroid resistant tick populations provided evidence that separate incursions of resistant ticks had entered Texas independently.
‘I’ve never drunk very much water and I still don’t, and I see no reason to do so’: a qualitative study of the views of community-dwelling older people and carers on hydration in later life
Authors: Bhanu Cini , Avgerinou Christina , Kharicha Kalpa , Bauernfreund Yehudit , Croker Helen , Liljas Ann , Rea Jennifer , Kirby-Barr Maggie , Hopkins Jane , Walters Kate 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
dehydration is associated with significant adverse outcomes in older people despite being largely preventable and treatable. Little research has focused on the views of community-dwelling older people on hydration, healthy drinking and the perceived importance of drinking well in later life.

Objectives
to understand community-dwelling older people and informal carers’ views on hydration in later life and how older people can be supported to drink well.

Methods
qualitative study using interviews and a focus group exploring hydration and nutrition in later life (24 older people at risk of malnutrition and dehydration, 9 informal carers) and thematic analysis.

Results
this article presents the findings on hydration alone. Four themes are presented: perceptions of healthy drinking, barriers to and facilitators of drinking in later life and supporting older people to drink well. The perceived importance of adequate hydration in later life was polarised. Concerns about urinary incontinence and knowledge gaps were significant barriers. Consideration of individual taste preference and functional capacity acted as facilitators. Distinct habitual drinking patterns with medications and meals exist within individuals. Many relied on thirst at other times or when fluid demands are greater (such as hot weather), a known unreliable prompt in later life.

Conclusions
older people could be supported to drink well by building upon existing habitual drinking patterns. Primary care and public health should consider individual barriers, facilitators and tailored education. A multidisciplinary approach to promote hydration should be incorporated into care for older people with more complex needs.
Histopathologic Patterns of Colitis in Patients With Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Qiu Lianqun , Volk Emily , Mais Daniel D 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize the histopathologic features of colitis in patients with impaired renal function.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 413 patients who underwent colonoscopic evaluation for colitis between 2011 and 2015. Patients were divided into four groups based on estimated glomerular filtrate rates. Patients with impaired renal function were compared to overall and age-matched patients with normal renal function.ResultsCompared to a preponderance of inflammatory bowel disease (33%) and lymphocytic colitis (9.6%) in patients with normal renal function, ischemic colitis (58%) was the predominant histopathologic pattern in the patients with impaired renal function. Infectious colitis was the second most common pattern (20.8%), with Clostridium difficile and cytomegalovirus infections being more frequent. Medication-induced injury was the third most common pattern, with crystal-associated injury being the exclusive pattern found in this study.ConclusionsColitis in patients with impaired renal function is etiologically distinct from that seen in patients with normal renal function.
The Hermit and the Boa Constrictor: Jeremy Bentham, Henry Brougham, and the Accessibility of Justice
Authors: Riley Chris 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article examines the particularly complex relationship between Jeremy Bentham and Henry Brougham, with reference to the respective schemes that they devised in the late 1820s and early 1830s for achieving accessible justice through a new network of local courts across England and Wales. For a considerable part of the first few decades of the nineteenth century, Bentham and Brougham remained great friends and allies, but their disagreements gradually intensified, most notably following Brougham's six-hour law reform speech in the House of Commons on 7 February 1828, the printing of his Local Courts Bill on 7 June 1830, and the beginning of his Lord Chancellorship on 22 November of the same year. By analysing Bentham's highly detailed annotated copies of Brougham's law reform speech and Local Courts Bill—as well as Bentham's articles in the Westminster Review, and a substantial portion of his unpublished writings—it is shown how Bentham's complete loss of faith in Brougham as a reformer and as a legislator led him from describing Brougham as his own grandson to calling him an enemy of the people and a serpent. It is argued that the severity of Bentham's criticisms of the then Lord Chancellor in print, and the personal nature of the insults that he levelled towards him in manuscript, effectively dispel any suggestion that the two men were acting in concert on the issue of law reform in general, or on the matter of local courts in particular.
Forced Copulation in Captive Mallards III. Sperm Competition
Authors: Cheng Kimberly M. , Burns Jeffrey T. , McKinney Frank 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Previous observations of forced copulation (FC) in captive Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) showed that most FC attempts were directed at females in prelaying and laying condition and that most FC's occurred in the morning when the females were leaving their nests after egg laying. In order to determine whether or not there is a physiological basis for these observed temporal patterns, sperm competition in captive Mallards was examined using artificial insemination and genetic markers. Results indicated that if a female was inseminated with two competing doses of semen at different time intervals, the proportion of progeny from the first and the second inseminations was not significantly different if these inseminations were simultaneous, 1 h, or 3 h apart. There was a preponderance of progeny (70%) from the second insemination, however, if the inseminations were 6 h apart. Insemination of females less than 1 h after egg laying resulted in 25% of the eggs laid the following morning being fertile. Only 1 of 179 eggs laid the following morning was fertile when the females were inseminated more than 1 h after egg laying.
Our experiment demonstrated that there is an insemination "window," a short period when new sperm are least likely to meet competition from sperm already in the oviduct and from sperm introduced later, and it provided a possible explanation for the observed timing of FC attempts.