bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of fixed‐ratio combination insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) for type 2 diabetes in Spain based on real‐world clinical evidence
Authors: Raya Pedro Mezquita , Blasco Francisco Javier Ampudia , Hunt Barnaby , Martin Virginia , Thorsted Brian Larsen , Basse Amaury , Price Hermione 
Published: February 2019

AimTo evaluate the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of fixed‐ratio combination insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) versus comparator regimens for type 2 diabetes in Spain, based on real‐world evidence.Materials and methodsClinical data were taken from the European Xultophy Treatment Retrospective Audit (EXTRA) real‐world evidence study in which patients failing to meet glycaemic targets were switched to IDegLira. Baseline regimens (prior to IDegLira treatment) were categorized as: multiple daily insulin injections (MDI; 28%); glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists in combination with insulin (24%); basal insulin (19%); GLP‐1 receptor agonists (10%); and non‐injectable medications (19%). The IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model was used to project long‐term outcomes for patients switching to IDegLira or continuing their baseline regimens (excluding non‐injectable regimens). Costs were accounted from a Spanish National Health System perspective. Future costs and clinical benefits were discounted at 3% annually and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsIDegLira was projected to reduce the incidence of diabetes‐related complications and improve quality‐adjusted life expectancy versus all four comparators. IDegLira reduced direct medical costs versus GLP‐1 receptor agonists in combination with insulin, and versus GLP‐1 receptor agonist therapy, and was therefore considered dominant (cost saving while improving outcomes). IDegLira was found to be cost‐effective versus MDI and basal insulin with incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios of EUR 3013 per quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) gained and EUR 6890 per QALY gained, respectively.ConclusionsLong‐term projections based on real‐world evidence indicated that IDegLira is likely to improve clinical outcomes and reduce costs or be cost‐effective compared with other injectable regimens in people with type 2 diabetes in Spain.
Relationship between left ventricular vortex and preejectional flow velocity during isovolumic contraction studied by using vector flow mapping
Authors: Li Qiaozhen , Huang Liang , Ma Na , Li Zhiguo , Han Yu , Wu Ling , Zhang Xiaoxia , Li Yiwei , Zhang Haibin 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the vortex in left ventricle (LV) during the isovolumic contraction (IVC) period and the preejectional flow velocity in LV outflow tract (VLVOT).MethodsColor Doppler loops were acquired for vector flow mapping in apical long‐axis view in 76 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, 61 patients with coronary artery disease and 36 healthy controls.ResultsAll normals exhibited an IVC vortex reaching the LV base. VLVOT was significantly related to IVC vortex area flux, transmitral A velocity, mitral annular a′ velocity and E/e′ ratio, respectively. Transmitral A velocity was the only independent predictor of VLVOT (R2 = 0.292, P = 0.001). In patients the IVC vortex could reach the LV base, middle, or apex. VLVOT was significantly related to range, area and area flux of the IVC vortex, LV size, LVEF, mitral annular velocities, E/e′ ratio, transmitral A velocity, and IVC time, respectively. Range and corrected area flux of the IVC vortex, LV end‐systolic short diameter, and IVC time were independent predictors of VLVOT (R2 = 0.608, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn normals, the transmitral A velocity (momentum) is efficiently transferred from mitral orifice to LV outflow tract by a normally formed IVC vortex, and transmitral A velocity is the only independent predictor of VLVOT. However, in patients with a wide range of LV enlargement and dysfunction, the momentum transfer is associated with not only the LV dimension and function, but also the range and volume of the IVC vortex.
Detection of pine needle diseases caused by Dothistroma septosporum, Dothistroma pini and Lecanosticta acicola using different methodologies
Authors: Schneider Salome , Jung Esther , Queloz Valentin , Meyer Joana B. , Rigling Daniel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDothistroma and Lecanosticta needle blight are among the most damaging foliage diseases in plantations and natural pine stands worldwide, and are therefore listed as quarantine organisms in numerous countries. The aim of this study was to validate different methodologies used for the detection of both diseases. Based on multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR), simultaneous detection and discrimination of the three pathogens Dothistroma septosporum, Dothistroma pini and Lecanosticta acicola were possible in symptomatic needles. Additionally, the same set of needles was analysed for the presence of all three pathogens using novel end‐point PCR assays followed by enzymatic digestion of PCR products. Results were compared with the qPCR data, and for validation, collected needles were screened morphologically for the presence of typical fruiting bodies and spores. Differences in detection sensitivity were found between the detection tools. The qPCR‐based detection allowed for specific and efficient identification and quantification of all three pathogens simultaneously. At the same time, conventional PCR assays, which target the multicopy ITS region, showed increased detection sensitivity and can be conducted without the use of expensive infrastructure and reagents.
Safety and effectiveness of mogamulizumab in relapsed or refractory adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma
Authors: Ishitsuka Kenji , Yurimoto Satoshi , Tsuji Yukie , Iwabuchi Manabu , Takahashi Takeshi , Tobinai Kensei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis prospective, observational, postmarketing surveillance was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of mogamulizumab, an anti‐CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) monoclonal antibody, in patients with CCR4‐positive, relapsed or refractory (r/r) adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma (ATL) in Japan.MethodAll patients were scheduled to receive intravenous infusions of mogamulizumab 1.0 mg/kg once weekly for 8 weeks, alone or in combination with other modalities.ResultsIn the safety analysis population comprising 572 patients, mogamulizumab therapy was started between May 29, 2012, and April 30, 2013, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported in 73.4% (38.6% serious cases) of patients. The most common ADRs were skin disorders (33.2% [10.8% serious cases]), infusion‐related reactions (30.1% [4.7% serious cases]), and infections (22.0% [14.7% serious cases]). In the effectiveness analysis population comprising 523 patients, the best overall response rate and the response rate at the end of therapy were 57.9% and 42.0%, respectively. The median overall survival was 5.5 months. Safety and effectiveness results were similar between patients aged ≥70 and <70 years.ConclusionThis postmarketing surveillance confirmed the safety and effectiveness of mogamulizumab for the treatment of patients with r/r ATL, including elderly patients, in clinical practice.
A mouse model of seizures in anti–N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Taraschenko Olga , Fox Howard S. , Pittock Sean J. , Zekeridou Anastasia , Gafurova Maftuna , Eldridge Ember , Liu Jinxu , Dravid Shashank M. , Dingledine Raymond 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveSeizures develop in 80% of patients with anti–N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, and these represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Anti‐NMDAR antibodies have been linked to memory loss in encephalitis; however, their role in seizures has not been established. We determined whether anti‐NMDAR antibodies from autoimmune encephalitis patients are pathogenic for seizures.MethodsWe performed continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or purified immunoglobulin (IgG) from the CSF of patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis or polyclonal rabbit anti‐NMDAR IgG, in male C57BL/6 mice. Seizure status during a 2‐week treatment was assessed with video‐electroencephalography. We assessed memory, anxiety‐related behavior, and motor function at the end of treatment and assessed the extent of neuronal damage and gliosis in the CA1 region of hippocampus. We also performed whole‐cell patch recordings from the CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices of mice with seizures.ResultsProlonged exposure to rabbit anti‐NMDAR IgG, patient CSF, or human IgG purified from the CSF of patients with encephalitis induced seizures in 33 of 36 mice. The median number of seizures recorded in 2 weeks was 13, 39, and 35 per mouse in these groups, respectively. We observed only 18 brief nonconvulsive seizures in 11 of 29 control mice (median seizure count of 0) infused with vehicle (n = 4), normal CSF obtained from patients with noninflammatory central nervous system (CNS) conditions (n = 12), polyclonal rabbit IgG (n = 7), albumin (n = 3), and normal human IgG (n = 3). We did not observe memory deficits, anxiety‐related behavior, or motor impairment measured at 2 weeks in animals treated with CSF from affected patients or rabbit IgG. Furthermore, there was no evidence of hippocampal cell loss or astrocyte proliferation in the same mice.SignificanceOur findings indicate that autoantibodies can induce seizures in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis and offer a model for testing novel therapies for refractory autoimmune seizures.
Experimental study on effects of freeze‐thaw fatigue damage on the cracking behaviors of sandstone containing two unparallel fissures
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Ping , Niu Yong , Zhang Jian‐Zhi , Shen Xue‐Cheng , Zheng Yu , Berto Filippo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of freeze‐thaw (FT) fatigue damage on the cracking behaviors of sandstone specimens containing two unparallel fissures under uniaxial compression. First, the effects of FT fatigue damage and fissure angle on the mechanical properties of sandstone specimens are analyzed. Second, the real‐time cracking process of sandstone specimens is captured by a high‐speed digital video camera system. Seven crack coalescence patterns are observed in this experiment. Local strong fatigue‐damaged zones, which are visualized as white zones, are observed in the specimens subjected to FT cycles during loading. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations show that the local strong fatigue‐damaged zones mainly consisted of microcracks and micropores induced by the FT fatigue damage. These experimental results are helpful for improving the understanding of the cracking process in cold‐region engineering.
Elephants limit aboveground carbon gains in African savannas
Authors: Davies Andrew B. , Asner Gregory P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of vegetation carbon dynamics is essential for climate change mitigation and effective policy formulation. However, most efforts focus on abiotic drivers of plant biomass change, with little consideration for functional roles performed by animals, particularly at landscape scales. We combined repeat airborne Light Detection and Ranging with measurements of elephant densities, abiotic factors, and exclusion experiments to determine the relative importance of drivers of change in aboveground woody vegetation carbon stocks in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Despite a growing elephant population, aboveground carbon density (ACD) increased across most of the landscape over the 6‐year study period, but at fine scales, bull elephant density was the most important factor determining carbon stock change, with ACD losses recorded only where bull densities exceeded 0.5 bulls/km2. Effects of bull elephants were, however, spatially restricted and landscape dependent, being especially pronounced along rivers, at mid‐elevations, and on steeper slopes. In contrast, elephant herds and abiotic drivers had a comparatively small influence on the direction or magnitude of carbon stock change. Our findings demonstrate that animals can have a substantive influence on regional‐scale carbon dynamics and warrant consideration in carbon cycling models and policy formulation aimed at carbon management and climate change mitigation.
The oral health status of residents with different cognitive and dental‐related functions in three North Carolina assisted living facilities
Authors: Chen Xi , D’Souza Violet , Yu Lixi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the study was to describe the oral health status of persons with different cognition and dental‐related functions (DRFs).MethodsThe present study was a secondary analysis of data collected for a cross‐sectional study of residents in three assisted living facilities in North Carolina. The participants were aged 50 years or older, had normal to severely impaired cognition and spoke English. Upon obtaining informed consent, an oral assessment was completed by a trained geriatric dentist. A research team member who was blind to the oral examination outcomes then used the Minimum Data Set Cognition Scale to assess participants’ cognition and the dental activities test to evaluate oral self‐care and other DRFs. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic, cognitive, functional and oral health status of the study participants. The impacts of cognitive and functional status on oral health measures were examined using simple linear regression models, negative binomial and zero‐inflated negative binomial models.ResultsA total of 91 long‐term residents from three long‐term care facilities participated in the study. Oral hygiene and gingival health were significantly associated with cognition (P = 0.056 and P = 0.017, respectively) and DRFs (P = 0.013 and P = 0.008, respectively). Residents with poor cognitive and dental‐related function also presented with poor oral hygiene and gingival health.ConclusionThe study results suggest that oral hygiene and gingival health were significantly associated with cognition and DRFs.
The Support for New Mums Project: A protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial designed to test a postnatal psychoeducation smartphone application
Authors: Fealy Shanna , Chan Sally , Wynne Olivia , Dowse Eileen , Ebert Lyn , Ho Roger , Zhang Melvyn W. B. , Jones Donovan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo report a pilot trial protocol for testing the effectiveness of the Support for New Mums smartphone application in a cohort of first‐time mothers.DesignA pilot/feasibility randomized controlled trial using a two‐group pre‐test and repeated post‐test design.MethodThis protocol follows the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Intervention Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines. The Intervention group will receive access to the smartphone application for 6 weeks post birth. Both Intervention and control groups will receive standardized institutional postnatal care services. Trial funding was gained from respective grant sponsors in May and November 2016.DiscussionThe Support for New Mums smartphone application could be a novel method for addressing the gap in provision of postpartum care services providing psychoeducation and improving maternal parental self‐efficacy for Australian childbearing women.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001580268.
Effectiveness of technology‐based educational interventions on the empowerment related outcomes of children and young adults with cancer: A quantitative systematic review
Authors: Lim Natalie L. Y. , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the effectiveness of technological‐based educational interventions on the empowerment‐related outcomes of children and young adults with cancer.DesignQuantitative systematic review.Data sourcesSix electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO, were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials from each database's point of inception to December 2017. Grey literature was also searched from ProQuest and MedNar.Review methodsA narrative summary of the results was undertaken owing to the small number of eligible studies and high heterogeneity across the studies.ResultsFive studies were included in the review. Five empowerment‐related outcomes under the domain “patient states” were identified at differing time points of 3‐month postintervention, immediate postintervention, and during treatment: (a) self‐efficacy; (b) cancer knowledge; (c) health locus of control; (d) emotional well‐being; and (e) quality of life. At 3‐month postintervention, health locus of control was found to be significant in two studies and self‐efficacy and cancer knowledge were found to be significant in one study. No difference in quality of life was found. At immediate postintervention, a beneficial indication was observed. During treatment, no statistical significance was found regarding the effectiveness of a technological‐based cognitive behavioural package.ConclusionWeak evidences led to inconclusive findings on the effectiveness of technological‐based educational interventions on the empowerment‐related outcomes of children and young adults with cancer. Future research will benefit from well‐designed clinical trials that use a common outcome measurement to provide more information regarding the effectiveness of such interventions.
Outcomes of ulcerative colitis‐associated dysplasia patients referred for potential endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Yang Dong‐Hoon , Kim Jihun , Song Eun Mi , Chang Kiju , Lee Sun‐Ho , Hwang Sung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Ye Byong Duk , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) as a treatment option for dysplasia in ulcerative colitis (UC) has been reported, but the associated therapeutic decision‐making and clinical outcomes have not been extensively investigated.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 25 UC patients who were referred for potential ESD of non‐polypoid or sessile dysplasia. We analyzed the treatment decisions and the ESD and colectomy outcomes for this patient group.ResultsAll lesions were located at the colitic segments. The median UC duration was 13.4 years. A colectomy was recommended for 10 patients because of ulceration with indistinct borders (one patient), non‐ulceration with indistinct borders (two patients), and non‐lifting signs (seven patients). The remaining 15 patients underwent ESD. The en bloc and R0 resection rates were 93.3% and 80%, respectively. The median hospitalization periods were 1 (range, 1–2) day after ESD and 7 (range, 5–30) days after colectomy. No procedure‐related complications occurred after ESD, but early and late postoperative complications occurred in two (22.2%) and six (66.7%) of the colectomized patients, respectively. Fourteen ESD cases were followed endoscopically for a median period of 24.7 (range, 5.2–64.8) months. Local recurrence occurred in 2 (14.3%) patients, and metachronous recurrence was identified in two separate patients (14.3%).ConclusionsEndoscopic submucosal dissection is a feasible endoscopic treatment option for UC‐associated dysplasia showing noninvasive pit or vascular patterns, no surface ulceration, distinct borders, and appropriate lifting after submucosal injection. Meticulous endoscopic surveillance is essential to monitor for local or metachronous recurrence of dysplasia after ESD.
Liquidity Risk and the Dynamics of Arbitrage Capital
Authors: KONDOR PÉTER , VAYANOS DIMITRI 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTWe develop a continuous‐time model of liquidity provision in which hedgers can trade multiple risky assets with arbitrageurs. Arbitrageurs have constant relative risk‐aversion (CRRA) utility, while hedgers' asset demand is independent of wealth. An increase in hedgers' risk aversion can make arbitrageurs endogenously more risk‐averse. Because arbitrageurs generate endogenous risk, an increase in their wealth or a reduction in their CRRA coefficient can raise risk premia despite Sharpe ratios declining. Arbitrageur wealth is a priced risk factor because assets held by arbitrageurs offer high expected returns but suffer the most when wealth drops. Aggregate illiquidity, which declines in wealth, captures that factor.
Current knowledge of and attitudes toward human papillomavirus‐related disease prevention among Japanese: A large‐scale questionnaire study
Authors: Suzuki Yukio , Sukegawa Akiko , Nishikawa Aya , Kubota Kazumi , Motoki Yoko , Asai‐Sato Mikiko , Ueda Yutaka , Sekine Masayuki , Enomoto Takayuki , Hirahara Fumiki , Yamanaka Takeharu , Miyagi Etsuko 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThe human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rate in Japan fell to nearly 0% following widespread coverage of possible adverse events. Developing a next approach to promote the effective prevention of HPV‐related diseases including cervical cancer (CC) in Japan requires comprehensive understanding of knowledge and attitudes regarding CC prevention, HPV infection and HPV vaccination among the population including laypersons and medical professions in Japan.MethodsA questionnaire survey was administered in a wide variety of settings in Japan. The questionnaire contained items on knowledge about CC, HPV infection and HPV vaccination; awareness of the HPV vaccine's effectiveness and associated adverse events; and attitudes toward the HPV vaccination for their daughters and for men/boys.ResultsOf 3033 targeted people, complete survey responses were received from 1182 men and 1602 women (total: 2784). The male laypersons’ group had significantly lower knowledge than did the female laypersons’ group (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 3.86, P < 0.001). Compared with the male laypersons’ group, the female laypersons’ group tended to have less positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination for their daughters (aOR = 0.78, P = 0.006), but the female laypersons’ group showed more positive attitudes toward vaccinating men/boys (aOR = 1.93, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe survey results indicated that men in Japan generally lacked knowledge and awareness of HPV‐related diseases and their prevention. However, women had more negative attitudes toward HPV vaccination for their daughters than did men. Increasing male involvement in HPV prevention and changing women's perceptions of the HPV vaccine are essential steps to increase the HPV vaccination rate.
Children and Young People “In Care” Participating in a Peer‐Mentoring Relationship: An Exploration of Resilience
Authors: Mantovani Nadia , Gillard Steve , Mezey Gill , Clare Fiona 
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to explore how a 1‐year peer‐mentoring relationship contributed to change in young women “in care.” Twenty semistructured, one‐to‐one interviews were conducted with mentors (n = 11) and mentees (n = 9) recruited from two different London local authorities. Participants’ accounts were interpreted through a developmental lens to uncover developmental aspects and locus mechanisms through which transformative change took place. Resilience as a healthy outcome was the result of the dual function the mentoring relationship performed. The mentoring relationship was protective against the risks associated with transitioning to independent living and/or adulthood, and promoted internal assets and competencies whereby the mentees’ ability to resist them was enhanced. Establishing a trustworthy connection with a role model promoted developmental domains within mentees.