bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frustration and Emotional Regulation in Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Wu Robin T. , Yang Jenny F. , Zucconi William , Lacadie Cheryl , Swallow Matthew S. , Sun Alexander H. , Eilbott Jeffrey , Mayes Linda C. , Steinbacher Derek M. , Pelphrey Kevin , Persing John A. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis may manifest with complex behavioral, attentional, and emotional sequelae. The authors characterized higher level brain connectivity in adolescent nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patients in response to emotional frustration.

Methods:
Surgically corrected patients older than 9 years with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis were age/sex/handedness matched to controls. Patients participated in a “go/no-go” task, structured as win/lose/recovery paradigms. BioImage Suite was used to analyze whole-brain intrinsic connectivity between tasks with cluster-corrected group-level t maps. A value of p < 0.05 was significant.

Results:
Seven unilateral coronal (average age, 12.2 years), six metopic (average age, 11.5 years), and controls were included. Unilateral coronal had worse emotional regulation scores on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function survey (p = 0.065) and performed poorly on the go/no-go task (p < 0.001). Metopic had four regions of interest, with the majority having decreased activity compared with controls, and few differences between tasks. Unilateral coronal patients had 11 regions of interest; the majority decreased during the win and lose conditions, but all increased during the recovery condition. Metopic patients had decreased blood oxygenation level– dependent signal in the posterior cingulate (p = 0.017) and middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.042). Unilateral coronal had decreased signal in the posterior cingulate (p = 0.023), middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.027), and thalamus (p = 0.033), but increased signal in the cuneus (p = 0.009) and cerebellum (p = 0.009). Right unilateral coronal, but not metopic/controls, had increased right brain activity in the caudate (p = 0.030), thalamus (p = 0.011), temporal lobe (p = 0.012), and cerebellum (p = 0.029).

Conclusions:
Unilateral coronal patients may have emotional dysregulation in response to frustration, whereas metopic patients may have attenuated emotional reactions. Evidence of right unilateral coronal brain laterality suggests that the area of suture fusion may contribute to the mechanism of dysfunction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.
Expression of Components of the Renin-Angiotensin System by the Embryonic Stem Cell–Like Population within Keloid Lesions
Authors: Humphries Hugo , Brasch Helen D. , van Schaijik Bede , Tan Swee T. , Itinteang Tinte 
Published: May 2019

Background:
We investigated expression of prorenin receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II receptor 1, and angiotensin II receptor 2 by the embryonic stem cell-like population on the endothelium of the microvessels and perivascular cells within keloid-associated lymphoid tissues.

Methods:
Immunohistochemical staining for prorenin receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II receptor 1, and angiotensin II receptor 2 was performed on 11 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of keloid tissue samples. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on three keloid tissue samples by co-staining with OCT4, CD34, ERG, and tryptase. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed on five keloid tissue samples and four keloid-derived primary cell lines. Western blotting was performed on the four keloid-derived primary cell lines for mRNA and protein expression of these proteins, respectively.

Results:
Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining showed expression of prorenin receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II receptor 1, and angiotensin II receptor 2 in all 11 keloid tissue samples. Prorenin receptor and angiotensin II receptor 1 were expressed on the endothelium and the pericyte layer of the microvessels and perivascular cells, angiotensin II receptor 2 was localized to the endothelium of the microvessels and the tryptase-positive perivascular cells, and angiotensin-converting enzyme was localized to the endothelium of the microvessel, within the keloid-associated lymphoid tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed transcripts of prorenin receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and angiotensin II receptor 1 in the keloid tissue samples and keloid-derived primary cell lines, whereas angiotensin II receptor 2 was detected in keloid tissue samples only. Western blotting confirmed the presence of prorenin receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and angiotensin II receptor 1 in the keloid-derived primary cell lines.

Conclusion:
Prorenin receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II receptor 1, and angiotensin II receptor 2 were expressed by the embryonic stem cell–like population within the keloid-associated lymphoid tissues, suggesting that this primitive population may be a potential therapeutic target by modulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
Multifocal Meningiomas Mimicking Dural-Based Intracranial Metastases at 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT
Authors: Manganaro Mark S. , Millet John D. , Manganaro Matthew S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A 78-year-old man with biochemically recurrent prostate adenocarcinoma (prostate-specific antigen, 2.3 ng/mL) but without detectable disease in the chest, abdomen, or pelvis at conventional CT imaging or in the bones at 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy underwent 18F-fluciclovine (anti–1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid) PET/CT to evaluate for occult recurrent or metastatic disease. Imaging identified intense radiotracer uptake within 3 dural-based lesions along the left cerebral convexity. Subsequent MRI and biopsy confirmed multifocal World Health Organization grade 2 atypical meningiomas. Focal intracranial radiotracer uptake at 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT may create a diagnostic dilemma as incidental meningiomas can mimic intracranial metastases.
Primary Spinal Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor Displayed on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Shen Guohua , Ma Huan , Pan Lili , Su Minggang , Kuang Anren 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

18F-FDG PET/CT imaging provides valuable information in the evaluation and staging of spinal tumors. Herein, we report the case of a 57-year-old man who presented with a sudden paraplegia below the fifth thoracic vertebra due to cord compression of a spinal lesion. After spinal canal decompression and spinal lesion biopsy, the diagnosis was a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. Subsequent PET/CT revealed that it was a primary site, showing intense FDG uptake. He was eventually referred for palliative radiotherapy.
Factors Influencing the Impact of Depressive Symptoms on Physical Functional Capacity After Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Wierenga Kelly L. , Moore Shirley M. , Liu Jintao , Sattar Abdus 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to determine (1) if depressive symptoms in the year following completion of cardiac rehabilitation impact physical functional capacity and (2) if exercise, perceived benefits and barriers, self-efficacy, and social support moderate this relationship.

Design
This longitudinal correlational secondary data analysis included 379 cardiovascular rehabilitation patients.

Methods
Participants completed measures of depression and potential moderating variables at baseline, 2 months, 6 months, and 12 months and 6-minute work test at baseline and 12 months and wore heart rate monitors to measure exercise for 12 months.

Findings
Poorer physical functional capacity was predicted by depressed mood score. This relationship was moderated by the percentage of time exercising in target heart rate zone and family support of exercise, but not by perceived benefits and barriers or self-efficacy for exercise.

Conclusions
Depressive symptoms negatively impact physical functional capacity, and this relationship is moderated by family support and the percentage of time exercising in target heart rate zone.

Clinical Relevance
Improving percentage of time exercising in target heart rate zone may be a mechanism by which patients with depressed mood can optimize physical functional capacity.
Computed Tomography-guided Cryoablation for Adrenal Pheochromocytoma: Safety and Clinical Effectiveness
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shi Yi-Bing , Zhuang Zhi-Xiang , Wang Jiu-Ping , Sun Li-Jun , Fu Yu-Fei 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of computed tomography (CT)-guided cryoablation for adrenal pheochromocytoma (AP).

Materials and Methods:
From July 2015 to October 2018, we observed 8 patients that underwent CT-guided cryoablation for AP. The blood pressure and pulse before treatment did not exceed 150/90 mm Hg and 90 times/min, respectively. Complete ablation rate, clinical success rate, and long-term outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 8 patients with 8 APs were treated by CT-guided cryoablation. The mean duration of the procedure was 67.5±4.6 minutes. No patient achieved complete ablation, yet the clinical success rate was 100%. The mean metanephrine decreased from 61.7±11.1 to 2.0±1.1 nmol/L (P<0.001). Hypertensive crisis was found in 5 (67.5%) patients during the procedure. During a mean follow-up of 16.9±13.4 months, no patient experienced tumor progression.

Conclusion:
CT-guided cryoablation is an effective method for patients with AP.
Routine Colonoscopy After Acute Diverticulitis: is it Warranted?
Authors: Ng Zi Qin , Moe Kyaw Soe , Wijesuriya Ruwan 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
Recent evidence suggests routine colonoscopy after acute diverticulitis is not necessary but remains debatable. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of follow-up colonoscopic finding of adenoma, advanced neoplastic lesion, and adenocarcinoma after diverticulitis.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective review of all cases of acute diverticulitis admitted from November 2015 to April 2018 was performed. Data collected included demographics, computed tomography (CT) findings, and findings of the follow-up colonoscopy within 12 months.

Results:
A total of 368 patients were admitted for acute diverticulitis. A total of 366 patients underwent CT scan for diagnosis. Of whom, 185 patients (50.5%) had a follow-up colonoscopy; 115 (31.4%) did not have a follow-up colonoscopy, and the remaining have had a recent colonoscopy. The overall incidence of adenomas was 25.9% (n=48) and advanced colonic neoplasia 1.62% (n=3) in patients who underwent follow-up colonoscopy.

Conclusions:
The finding of advanced colonic neoplasia in follow-up colonoscopy after an acute episode of CT-proven diverticulitis is equivalent to, or less than, that of the population colorectal cancer screening program. Routine colonoscopy is not necessary unless there are other concerning symptoms/CT findings.
Development and Preliminary Evaluation of IRD-1-2-3: An Animated Video to Inform Transplant Candidates About Increased Risk Donor Kidneys
Authors: Kayler Liise K. , Majumder Monami , Dolph Beth , Cobler-Lichter Michael , Cadzow Renee , Feeley Thomas H. 
Published: May 2019

Background.
Current educational interventions about increased risk donors (IRDs) are less effective in improving knowledge among African American (AA) kidney transplant candidates compared to other races. We aimed to develop an IRD educational animated video culturally responsive to AAs and conduct feasibility testing.

Methods.
Between May 1, 2018, and June 25, 2018, we iteratively refined a culturally targeted video for AAs with input from multiple stakeholders. We then conducted a one group pre-post study between June 28, 2018, and October 29, 2018, with 40 kidney transplant candidates to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the video to improve participant knowledge and obtain feedback about IRD understanding, self-efficacy, and willingness. A mixed population was chosen to obtain race-specific acceptability data and efficacy estimates to inform a larger study.

Results.
Three themes emerged and informed video development; misattribution of IRD to kidney quality, IRD terminology as a barrier to meaningful understanding, and variable reactions to a 1:1000 risk estimate. The study cohort was 50% AA. Median IRD knowledge increased from 5 to 7.5 (P = 0.001) overall and from 5 to 7 (P < 0.001) among AAs. The frequency of positive responses increased pre-post video for understanding of (23% vs 83%, P < 0.001), self-efficacy to decide about (38% vs 70%, P < 0.001), and willingness to accept IRD kidneys (25% vs 72%, P < 0.001). Over 90% of participants provided positive ratings on each of the 6 acceptability items.

Conclusions.
A culturally responsive IRD educational video was developed in collaboration with key stakeholders. Quantitative results indicate the video was acceptable and promising to impact IRD knowledge among AA and non-AA kidney transplant candidates.
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for Sedation During Magnetoencephalography
Authors: Tenney Jeffrey R. , Miller Jeffrey W. , Rose Douglas F. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive tool used clinically for presurgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable epilepsy. These recordings require patients to lie still for prolonged periods of time in a magnetically shielded room. Children or uncooperative adults with epilepsy may require sedation to reduce movement artefact and obtain high-quality recordings. Potential challenges related to the use of total intravenous anesthesia in the MEG environment include limited access to the patient's airway, remote location, suppression of cortical activity, and increased patient care expenses. We report our experience with intranasal dexmedetomidine as sedation for intractable epilepsy patients undergoing MEG.

Methods:
Sleep deprivation occurred the night before MEG testing. Intranasal dexmedetomidine (2 μg/kg) was administered and oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and pulse rate were recorded continuously on a monitor outside the magnetically shielded room. A recording of spontaneous neuromagnetic activity was immediately followed by median nerve electrical stimulation.

Results:
Twenty-six patients (mean age 12.2 ± 4.2 years) with medically intractable epilepsy were recorded using this protocol. There were no failures of sedation, and although patients experienced transient bradycardia, none required intervention and the recording did not need to be stopped. In all cases, artefact-free MEG recordings were obtained with sufficient interictal discharges available for source analysis.

Conclusions:
Our experience suggests that intranasal dexmedetomidine is an advantageous sedation option for children and adults with intractable epilepsy who are undergoing MEG. Further research is needed to determine the best ways to apply these methods to younger children and those with developmental disabilities.
Neural dynamics indicate parallel integration of environmental and self-motion information by place and grid cells
Authors: Laptev Dmitri , Burgess Neil 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlace cells and grid cells in the hippocampal formation are thought to integrate sensory and self-motion information into a representation of estimated spatial location, but the precise mechanism is unknown. We simulated a parallel attractor system in which place cells form an attractor network driven by environmental inputs and grid cells form an attractor network performing path integration driven by self-motion, with inter-connections between them allowing both types of input to influence firing in both ensembles. We show that such a system is needed to explain the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of place cell firing when rats run on a linear track in which the familiar correspondence between environmental and self-motion inputs is changed (Gothard et al., 1996b; Redish et al., 2000). In contrast, the alternative architecture of a single recurrent network of place cells (performing path integration and receiving environmental inputs) cannot reproduce the place cell firing dynamics. These results support the hypothesis that grid and place cells provide two different but complementary attractor representations (based on self-motion and environmental sensory inputs respectively). Our results also indicate the specific neural mechanism and main predictors of hippocampal map realignment and make predictions for future studies.
Music Perception in Acquired Prosopagnosia: An Anterior Temporal Syndrome for Faces, Voices and Music
Authors: Barton Jason J S , Stubbs Jacob L , Paquette Sebastien , Duchaine Brad , Schlaug Gottfried , Corrow Sherryse L 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcquired prosopagnosia is often associated with other deficits, such as dyschromatopsia and topographagnosia, from damage to adjacent perceptual networks. A recent study showed that some subjects with developmental prosopagnosia also have congenital amusia, but problems with music perception have not been described in the acquired variant.ObjectiveOur goal was to determine if music perception was also impaired in subjects with acquired prosopagnosia, and if so, its anatomic correlate.MethodsWe studied eight subjects with acquired prosopagnosia, all of whom had extensive neuropsychological and neuroimaging testing. They performed a battery of tests evaluating pitch and rhythm processing, including the Montréal Battery for the Evaluation of Amusia.ResultsThree of eight subjects with acquired prosopagnosia had impaired musical pitch perception while rhythm perception was spared. Two of the three also showed reduced musical memory. These three reported alterations in their emotional experience of music: one reported music anhedonia and aversion, while the remaining two had changes consistent with musicophilia. The lesions of these three subjects affected the right or bilateral temporal poles as well as the right amygdala and insula. None of the three prosopagnosic subjects with lesions limited to the inferior occipitotemporal cortex had impaired pitch perception or musical memory, or reported changes in music appreciation.ConclusionTogether with the results of our previous studies of voice recognition, these findings indicate an anterior temporal agnosia syndrome that can include the amnestic variant of prosopagnosia, phonagnosia, and various alterations in music perception, including acquired amusia, reduced musical memory, and altered emotional responses to music.
Dynamic simulations of transcriptional control during cell reprogramming reveal spatial chromatin caging
Authors: Di Stefano Marco , Stadhouders Ralph , Farabella Irene , Castillo David , Serra François , Graf Thomas , Marti-Renom Marc A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTChromosome structure is a crucial regulatory factor for a wide range of nuclear processes. Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C)-based experiments combined with computational modelling are pivotal for unveiling 3D chromosome structure. Here, we introduce TADdyn, a new tool that integrates time-course 3C data, restraint-based modelling, and molecular dynamics to simulate the structural rearrangements of genomic loci in a completely data-driven way. We applied TADdyn onin-situHi-C time-course experiments studying the reprogramming of murine B cells to pluripotent cells, and characterized the structural rearrangements that take place upon changes in the transcriptional state of 11 genomic loci. TADdyn simulations show that structuralcagesform around the transcription starting site of active loci to stabilize their dynamics, by initiating (hit) and maintaining (stick) interactions with regulatory regions. Consistent findings with TADdyn for all loci under study suggest that thishit-and-stickmechanism may represent a general mechanism to trigger and stabilize transcription.
Pregnancy reprograms the enhancer landscape of mammary epithelial cells and alters the response to cMYC-driven oncogenesis
Authors: Feigman Mary J. , Moss Matthew A. , Chen Chen , Cyrill Samantha L. , Ciccone Michael , Frey Wesley D. , Yang Shih Ting , Wilkinson John Erby , dos Santos Camila O. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPregnancy leaves a series of cellular and molecular modifications on mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Pregnancy is also known for decreasing the predisposition of rodent and human MECs to oncogenesis. Here, in order to understand the molecular basis for this effect, we analyzed epigenetic changes in the enhancer landscape of murine post-pregnancy MECs, together with their effect on gene regulation, tissue development and oncogenesis. Using in vivo and in vitro analyses, we found that completion of a pregnancy cycle changed the dynamics of cellular proliferation and gene expression in response to a second pregnancy. Our results also demonstrated that post-pregnancy MECs are resistant to the initial molecular programs driven by cMYC overexpression, a response that blocked MEC proliferation but did not perturb the pregnancy-induced epigenomic landscape. Overall, our findings suggest that pregnancy-induced mammary cancer prevention involves the epigenomic changes in MECs brought about by pregnancy.
Single cell RNA-seq in regenerative and fibrotic biomaterial environments defines new macrophage subsets
Authors: Sommerfeld Sven D. , Cherry Christopher , Schwab Remi M. , Chung Liam , Maestas David R , Laffont Philippe , Stein Julie E. , Tam Ada , Housseau Franck , Taube Janice M. , Pardoll Drew M. , Cahan Patrick , Elisseeff Jennifer H. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMacrophages play diverse roles in the immune response to infection, cancer, and wound healing where they respond to local environmental signals, yet identification and phenotypic characterization of functional subsetsin vivoremains limited. We performed single cell RNA sequencing analysis on differentiated macrophages sorted from a biologic matrix-induced regenerative environment versus a synthetic biomaterial foreign body response (FBR), characterized by TH2/interleukin (IL)-4 and TH17/IL-17, respectively. In the regenerative environment, unbiased clustering and pseudotime analysis revealed distinct macrophage subsets responsible for antigen presentation, chemoattraction, and phagocytosis, as well as a small population with expression profiles of both dendritic cells and skeletal muscle. In the FBR environment, we identified a CD9hi+IL-36γ+macrophage subset that expressed TH17-associated molecules characteristic of certain auto-immune responses that were virtually absent in mice lacking the IL-17 receptor. Surface marker combinations including CD9 and CD301b defined macrophage fibrotic and regenerative subsets enabling functional assessment and identification in human tissue. Application of the terminal macrophage subsets to train the SingleCellNet algorithm and comparison to human and mouse macrophages in tumor, lung, and liver suggest broad relevance of macrophage classification. These distinct macrophage subsets demonstrate previously unrecognized myeloid phenotypes involved in different tissue responses and provide new targets for potential therapeutic modulation of certain pathologic states and tissue repair.