bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Pulse Oximetry Data Improves Prediction of Death and Adverse Outcomes in a Two-Center Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Wallman-Stokes A. , Isler J. , Sahni R. , Moorman J. , Fairchild K. , Lake D. , Sullivan B. 
Published: May 2018

Background We previously showed, in a single-center study, that early heart rate (HR) characteristics predicted later adverse outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. We sought to improve predictive models by adding oxygenation data and testing in a second neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods HR and oxygen saturation (SpO2) from the first 12 hours and first 7 days after birth were analyzed for 778 VLBW infants at two NICUs. Using multivariate logistic regression, clinical predictive scores were developed for death, severe intraventricular hemorrhage (sIVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), treated retinopathy of prematurity (tROP), late-onset septicemia (LOS), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Ten HR-SpO2 measures were analyzed, with first 12 hours data used for predicting death or sIVH and first 7 days for the other outcomes. HR-SpO2 models were combined with clinical models to develop a pulse oximetry predictive score (POPS). Net reclassification improvement (NRI) compared performance of POPS with the clinical predictive score.
Results Models using clinical or pulse oximetry variables alone performed well for each outcome. POPS performed better than clinical variables for predicting death, sIVH, and BPD (NRI > 0.5, p < 0.01), but not tROP, LOS, or NEC.
Conclusion Analysis of early HR-SpO2 characteristics adds to clinical risk factors to predict later adverse outcomes in VLBW infants.
Long-distance electron transport in individual, living cable bacteria
Authors: Bjerg Jesper T. , Boschker Henricus T. S. , Larsen Steffen , Berry David , Schmid Markus , Millo Diego , Tataru Paula , Meysman Filip J. R. , Wagner Michael , Nielsen Lars Peter , Schramm Andreas 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Cable bacteria are centimeter-long, multicellular filamentous bacteria, which are globally occurring in marine and freshwater sediments. Their presence coincides with the occurrence of electrical fields, and gradients of oxygen and sulfide that are best explained by electron transport from sulfide to oxygen along the cable-bacteria filaments, implying electric conductance by living bacteria over centimeter distances. Until now, all indications for such long-distance electron transport were derived from bulk sediment incubations. Here we present measurements on individual cable-bacteria filaments that allow us to quantify a voltage drop along cable-bacteria filaments and show a transport of electrons over several millimeters. This is orders of magnitude longer than previously known for biological electron transport.
MINFLUX monitors rapid molecular jumps with superior spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Eilers Yvan , Ta Haisen , Gwosch Klaus C. , Balzarotti Francisco , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Popular localization of single molecules through calculating the centroid of the diffraction pattern produced by molecular fluorescence on a camera is typically limited to spatiotemporal resolutions of >10 nm per >10 milliseconds. By requiring at least 10–100 times fewer detected photons and being free of bias due to molecular orientation, the localization concept called MINFLUX propels molecular tracking to the hitherto-unachievable regime of single-digit nanometer precision within substantially less than a millisecond. Our experiments herald the feasibility to detect molecular interactions and conformational changes at microsecond timescales.
Some pedagogical and syntactical aspects of Francesco da Buti’s (1324–1406)Regule grammaticales
Authors: Martinelli Chiara 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis essay aims at giving an account of some pedagogical and syntactical aspects of Francesco da buti’s (1324–1406)Regule grammaticales, a Latin grammar written in Central Italy in the second half of the 14th century. It occupies an important place in the history of positive grammar, providing an excellent example of Latin teaching in late medieval Italy. In fact, da Buti treatise deals not only with grammar, but also with rhetoric andArs dictaminis, as was customary in the Italian tradition in the final centuries of the Middle Ages. This article analyzes the sections devoted to nouns and verbs, while also pointing out some pedagogical features, such as the exercises of thethèmataand the use of the vernacular as a tool for learning Latin composition.
Syntax in the earliest Latin-Portuguese grammatical treatises
Authors: Fernandes Gonçalo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis essay analyses the most central concepts of Latin syntactical theory in the earliest pedagogical grammars written in Portugal during the 14th and 15th centuries, namely concord, government, and transitivity. The sources include two unpublished treatises preserved in manuscripts of Portuguese origin, one from the end of the 14th century and the other dated 1427, and the first grammar printed in Portugal (1497). They are representative of the teaching of Latin in Portugal at different levels of learning. All three treatises use the vernacular as a pedagogical aid, and Pastrana’s grammar also employs images to illustrate the main syntactical concepts. All treatises discuss government using the regular medieval terminology ofregere“to govern” andregi“to be governed”. Like in Spanish, Italian and English grammars of Latin, the three concords belong to the basic syntactical doctrine. The major difference between these textbooks lies in their employment of the concept of transitivity. It is little more than mentioned in the two manuscripts, but highly relevant in the printed grammar.
William of Champeaux (c.1070–1121), theGlosulaeon Priscian and theNotae Dunelmenses
Authors: Grondeux Anne , Rosier-Catach Irène 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWilliam of Champeaux taught the arts of language, grammar, dialectic and rhetoric at the beginning of the 12th century. Abelard who studied with him often quotes and discusses the opinions of “his master”. The different versions of theGlosulae Super Priscianum Maiorem, Glosulae Super Priscianum Minoremand theNotae Dunelmenses, five sets of “notes” on Priscian (three on Priscian major, and two on Priscian minor), to which are added “notes” on Cicero’sDe inventione, testify to the grammatical teachings of William and his influence. We first present the arguments that allow us to identify William’s teachings in these texts. Secondly, we expound Williams’ views of the meaning of the noun, verb, substantival verb and the consignifying parts of speech, as well as Abelard’s reactions to his views. These discussions involve a few logico-linguistic problems depending on a quarrel between realism and nominalism.
Les Communia super Priscianum minorem
Authors: Létourneau René 
Published: May 2018

Summary
The teaching of syntax in the 13th-century university was based on the last two books of Priscian of Caesarea’s Institutiones Grammaticae (c.500 A.D.). Following the order proposed by Priscian, the medieval grammarian first studies orthography, which deals with the constituent parts of the word (dictio), then etymology, which is concerned with the word in itself (simpliciter) and its grammatical accidents, and finally diasynthetic or syntax, which discusses the construction of words as constituents of a sentence (oratio). Each of these particular sciences (orthography, etymology and diasynthetic) has its own particular subject, which is, as some philosophers believe, predicated of the subject of the general science according to the aim it purports to achieve. Written probably in the first half of the 1250s in an academic philosophical environment, the Communia super Priscianum minorem, a subsection and the culmination of the Communia super totam gramaticam, are interesting, among other things, in that they specify the epistemological relation that links syntax to the science of grammar in general. In a polemical effort to dismiss the sentence (oratio) as the subject of diasynthetic, the unknown author of the Communia opens the section of syntax with a discussion which aims to establish the “word in relation with another according to their accidental compatibility or incompatibility” as the real subject of syntax, doing so in a typically Aristotelian way.
The Donatus minor between Via antiqua and Via moderna
Authors: Kneepkens C. H. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In the 15th and early 16th centuries, educational life at the universities of Western and Central Europe was dominated by serious doctrinal conflicts between several schools of thought (the Antiqui/Reales vs the Moderni/Nominales), the Wegestreit. This clash not only had serious consequences for instruction in philosophy and theology, but was also felt in the grammar courses of the BA programme. Remarkably, we find the old elementary grammar primer, the Donatus minor, as a prescribed textbook in several Arts faculties. This essay examines the impact of the so-called Wegestreit on university grammar instruction with special reference to late 15th- and early 16th-cent. commentaries on the Donatus minor. After a concise sketch of the philosophical and logical roots of the Wegestreit, I present the development of the conflicting approaches to language and grammar in the 14th century that underlay the divergent opinions of the 15th-century masters.The third section deals with the position of the Donatus minor as a textbook for the undergraduate grammar courses of the Arts faculties. The remainder of this essay falls into two sections. First, a discussion of the different ways the Antiqui and Moderni analyse and explain some theoretical and the related practical aspects of syntactic relations in the last decades of the 15th cent. This part is followed by two case studies of the analyses, explanations and applications of these syntactic phenomena in the commentaries on the Donatus minor of the Realist/Thomist, Magnus Hundt (1449–1519) of Leipzig, and the Modernist Florentius Diel (fl.1490–1509) of Mainz.
Introducing internet pragmatics
Authors: Xie Chaoqun , Yus Francisco 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe internet and internet-mediated life have presented new issues and challenges for research on pragmatics. When analyzing the application of pragmatics to internet-mediated communication, a possibility is to set up a number of layers and study the contributions that traditional pragmatic schools can make to this new research area. These layers include, but are not limited to, user and contextual constraints, user to user by means of discourse, user to user in interaction, user to audience, user in a group of users and, user and non-intended no-propositional effects. Research on internet pragmatics, we believe, can, should and will extend and expand the scope of pragmatics. Ultimately, internet pragmatics, capturing and elucidating the order of things and the order of life more extensively, deeply and fully, seeks to explore and expound, from the perspective of pragmatics, ways of living, ways of doing, ways of seeing, and ways of (re)discovering.
Tracking opinion convergence online
Authors: Terkourafi Marina , Lord Sarah 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We investigate whether facial attractiveness, as one source of positive/negative attitudes towards one’s conversational partner, affects the degree and type of opinion convergence online, even in the absence of physical co-presence. Our hypothesis is that when you interact with someone you find attractive, opinion convergence will occur even if you are not physically co-present with them. Additionally, we tracked different types of opinion convergence (one-sided or mutual) and how convergence is linguistically negotiated in these different circumstances. Our hypothesis was confirmed, to a point. Opinion convergence was most frequent among Attracted pairs; however, opinion convergence was greatest among Neutral pairs. Opinion convergence was qualitatively different in the 3 conditions. This research adds to previous studies which highlighted aspects of communication unique to online environments (anonymity, invisibility) to explain the heightened tendency for face-threatening behaviours to occur online, by showing how implicit biases (operationalized here as facial attractiveness) can be an additional factor influencing online behaviour.
Identity-related issues in meme communication
Authors: Yus Francisco 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInternet memes are an example of the trend of replicability and spread of discourses through the Net within today’s participatory culture. On paper, memes are instances of humorous discourse that abound on the internet, are replicated or altered, and then transmitted to other users. However, in this paper the focus is not on its humorous side, but on how every single stage of meme communication entails a greater or lesser impact on the user’s self-concept, self-awareness and overall identity. The paper addresses five stages of meme communication and possible ways in which these stages influence the user’s identity.
Relational work in multimodal networked interactions on Facebook
Authors: Bou-Franch Patricia , Garcés-Conejos Blitvich Pilar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe paper argues that the notion of Relational Work (Locher and Watts 2005) needs to be expanded to be able to account for sociability in the networked interactions afforded by social platforms such as Facebook. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explore how the nature of networked interactions impacts the emergence of relational practices therein. Importantly, Relational Work is a language based framework whereas networked interactions are highly multimodal. By applyingNorris’ (2004)multimodal framework to the analysis of a Facebook wall event, we show how key sociability functions are carried out by semiotic modes other than language. Furthermore, the analysis shows how relational behaviors (such as politeness, impoliteness, etc.) are highly intertwined and should not be compartmentalized, as has traditionally been the case.
Suppression of respiratory growth defect of mutant deficient in mitochondrial phospholipase A1 by overexpression of genes involved in coenzyme Q synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Morisada Shiho , Nishida Ikuhisa , Kawamukai Makoto , Horiuchi Hiroyuki , Fukuda Ryouichi 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
DDL1 encodes a mitochondrial phospholipase A1 involved in acyl chain remodeling of mitochondrial phospholipids and degradation of cardiolipin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The deletion of DDL1 leads to respiratory growth defects. To elucidate the physiological role of DDL1, we screened for genes that, when overexpressed, suppress the respiratory growth defect of the DDL1 deletion mutant. Introduction of COQ8, COQ9, or COQ5, which are involved in coenzyme Q (CoQ) synthesis, using a multicopy vector suppressed the respiratory growth defect of the DDL1 deletion mutant. In contrast, introduction of COQ8 using a multicopy vector did not accelerate the growth of the deletion mutants of TAZ1 or CLD1, which encode an acyltransferase or phospholipase A2, respectively, involved in the remodeling of cardiolipin. These results suggest genetic interactions between the mitochondrial phospholipase A1 gene and the genes involved in CoQ synthesis.
Personality and Incident Alzheimer’s Disease: Theory, Evidence, and Future Directions
Authors: Segerstrom Suzanne C 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Personality, especially the dimensions of neuroticism and conscientiousness, has prospectively predicted the risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Such a relationship could be explained by personality and AD risk having a common cause such as a gene; by personality creating a predisposition for AD through health behavior or inflammation; by personality exerting a pathoplastic effect on the cognitive consequences of neuropathology; or by AD and personality change existing on a disease spectrum that begins up to decades before diagnosis. Using the 5-dimensional taxonomy of personality, the present review describes how these models might arise, the evidence for each, and how they might be distinguished from one another empirically. At present, the evidence is sparse but tends to suggest predisposition and/or pathoplastic relationships. Future studies using noninvasive assessment of neuropathology are needed to distinguish these 2 possibilities.
Clinical Impact of the Immune Microenvironment in Spinal Chordoma: Immunoscore as an Independent Favorable Prognostic Factor
Authors: Zou Ming-Xiang , Lv Guo-Hua , Wang Xiao-Bin , Huang Wei , Li Jing , Jiang Yi , She Xiao-Ling 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Currently, clinical implications of immune system cells in chordoma remain to be elucidated.

OBJECTIVE
To characterize in situ immune cell infiltrates, the Immunoscore, and investigate their correlation with clinicopathologic data of spinal chordoma patients and outcome.

METHODS
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) subtypes were assessed in 54 tumor specimens using immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, Foxp3, PD-1, and PD-L1.

RESULTS
Overall, immune cell infiltrates were present in all samples and there was low or moderate correlation among several TILs subsets. PD-1+ TILs density, CD3+, and CD8+ TILs densities in the tumor interior (TI) subarea were associated with surrounding muscle invasion by tumor, whereas PD-L1+ TILs showed inverse association with tumor pathological grade and stage. The density of PD-1+ TILs, PD-L1+ TILs, CD4+ TILs, and CD3+ TILs both in the TI and combined tumor regions (TI and invasion margin) were significantly associated with local recurrence-free survival and overall survival (OS). However, Foxp3+ TILs (P = .024) and CD8+ TILs evaluated in the TI (P < .001) only correlated with OS. The Immunoscore predicted less aggressive clinical features and favorable outcomes. Patients with an Immunoscore of 4 had a median OS of 128 mo, while I0 (Immunoscore of 0) patients survived only 27 mo. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the Immunoscore was an independent favorable prognostic factor of both local recurrence-free survival (P = .026) and OS (P = .046).

CONCLUSION
Our data suggest a clinically relevant role of the immune microenvironment in spinal chordoma and identify the Immunoscore as promising prognostic marker.
Rheumatic Heart Disease Prophylaxis in Older Patients: A Register-Based Audit of Adherence to Guidelines
Authors: Holland James V , Hardie Kate , de Dassel Jessica , Ralph Anna P 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Prevention of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains challenging in high-burden settings globally. After acute rheumatic fever (ARF), secondary antibiotic prophylaxis is required to prevent RHD. International guidelines on recommended durations of secondary prophylaxis differ, with scope for clinician discretion. Because ARF risk decreases with age, ongoing prophylaxis is generally considered unnecessary beyond approximately the third decade. Concordance with guidelines on timely cessation of prophylaxis is unknown.

Methods
We undertook a register-based audit to determine the appropriateness of antibiotic prophylaxis among clients aged ≥35 years in Australia’s Northern Territory. Data on demographics, ARF episode(s), RHD severity, prophylaxis type, and relevant clinical notes were extracted. The determination of guideline concordance was based on whether (1) national guidelines were followed; (2) a reason for departure from guidelines was documented; (3) lifelong continuation was considered appropriate in all cases of severe RHD.

Results
We identified 343 clients aged ≥35 years prescribed secondary prophylaxis. Guideline concordance was 39% according to national guidelines, 68% when documented reasons for departures from guidelines were included and 82% if patients with severe RHD were deemed to need lifelong prophylaxis. Shorter times since last echocardiogram or cardiologist review were associated with greater likelihood of guideline concordance (P &lt; .001). The median time since last ARF was 5.9 years in the guideline-concordant group and 24.0 years in the nonconcordant group (P &lt; .001). Thirty-two people had an ARF episode after age 40 years.

Conclusions
In this setting, appropriate discontinuation of RHD prophylaxis could be improved through timely specialist review to reduce unnecessary burden on clients and health systems.
Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Xue Hong-liang , Yu Hong-jie , Huang Yao , Tang Bo-wen , Yang Xu-hao , Li Qing-xiao , He Qi-qiang 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Few studies have investigated the effect of smoking on type 2 diabetes in women compared with men, even though several epidemiological studies provided a clear picture of the risk among the entire population.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed and Embase up to August 2017 for prospective studies that were stratified by sex with measures of the relative risk (RR) for type 2 diabetes and current smoking compared with non-smoking. The sex-specific RRs and their ratios (RRRs), comparing women with man, were pooled using random-effects models.

Results
Seventeen articles were identified including 20 prospective cohorts with 5 077 289 participants and 223 084 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. The pooled RRR suggested a similar risk of type 2 diabetes associated with smoking in women compared with men (RRR: 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–1.01). Furthermore, no significant sex difference in the RR was found between former smokers and those who had never smoked (RRR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.92–1.04).

Conclusions
The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that female smokers had similar risk of type 2 diabetes with male smokers.
Causality re-established
Authors: D’Ariano Giacomo Mauro 
Published: May 2018

Causality has never gained the status of a ‘law’ or ‘principle’ in physics. Some recent literature has even popularized the false idea that causality is a notion that should be banned from theory. Such misconception relies on an alleged universality of the reversibility of the laws of physics, based either on the determinism of classical theory, or on the multiverse interpretation of quantum theory, in both cases motivated by mere interpretational requirements for realism of the theory. Here, I will show that a properly defined unambiguous notion of causality is a theorem of quantum theory, which is also a falsifiable proposition of the theory. Such a notion of causality appeared in the literature within the framework of operational probabilistic theories. It is a genuinely theoretical notion, corresponding to establishing a definite partial order among events, in the same way as we do by using the future causal cone on Minkowski space. The notion of causality is logically completely independent of the misidentified concept of ‘determinism’, and, being a consequence of quantum theory, is ubiquitous in physics. In addition, as classical theory can be regarded as a restriction of quantum theory, causality holds also in the classical case, although the determinism of the theory trivializes it. I then conclude by arguing that causality naturally establishes an arrow of time. This implies that the scenario of the ‘block Universe’ and the connected ‘past hypothesis’ are incompatible with causality, and thus with quantum theory: they are both doomed to remain mere interpretations and, as such, are not falsifiable, similar to the hypothesis of ‘super-determinism’.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Foundations of quantum mechanics and their impact on contemporary society’.