bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian inference of selection in the Wright-Fisher diffusion model
Authors: Gory Jeffrey J. , Herbei Radu , Kubatko Laura S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The increasing availability of population-level allele frequency data across one or more related populations necessitates the development of methods that can efficiently estimate population genetics parameters, such as the strength of selection acting on the population(s), from such data. Existing methods for this problem in the setting of the Wright-Fisher diffusion model are primarily likelihood-based, and rely on numerical approximation for likelihood computation and on bootstrapping for assessment of variability in the resulting estimates, requiring extensive computation. Recent work has provided a method for obtaining exact samples from general Wright-Fisher diffusion processes, enabling the development of methods for Bayesian estimation in this setting. We develop and implement a Bayesian method for estimating the strength of selection based on the Wright-Fisher diffusion for data sampled at a single time point. The method utilizes the latest algorithms for exact sampling to devise a Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure to draw samples from the joint posterior distribution of the selection coefficient and the allele frequencies. We demonstrate that when assumptions about the initial allele frequencies are accurate the method performs well for both simulated data and for an empirical data set on hypoxia in flies, where we find evidence for strong positive selection in a region of chromosome 2L previously identified. We discuss possible extensions of our method to the more general settings commonly encountered in practice, highlighting the advantages of Bayesian approaches to inference in this setting.
Deutschlands Rolle im internationalen Handel mit konventionellen Waffen und Rüstungsgütern: Sind wir die „Waffenkammer der Welt“?
Authors: Krause Joachim 
Published: June 2018

Kurzfassung:Der Artikel setzt sich mit der Rolle der Bundesrepublik im internationalen Handel mit konventionellen Waffen auseinander. Dabei werden drei immer wieder zu vernehmende Behauptungen anhand der vorhandenen statistischen Daten und wissenschaftlichen Analysen überprüft: (1) Deutschland sei drittgrößter Exporteur von Waffen und Rüstungsgütern; (2) Deutschland sei weltweit der zweitgrößte Exporteur von Kleinwaffen; und (3) deutsche Rüstungsexporte würden zur Entstehung, zur Eskalation und Verlängerung von Kriegen sowie zu Rüstungswettläufen beitragen. Der Beitrag gelangt zu dem Ergebnis, dass keine dieser Behauptungen einer kritischen Prüfung standhält. Bedauerlich ist nur, wie sehr falsche Behauptungen und Unterstellungen selbst von seriösen Medien übernommen werden und in den politischen Diskurs eingehen.
Kitų nei kaupimo ir palyginimo bendrųjų finansinės apskaitos principų taikymas apmokestinant juridinius asmenis pelno mokesčiu
Authors: Endrijaitis Martynas 
Published: June 2018

The article discloses de facto application of other than accrual and matching generally accepted accounting principles for the purpose of legal entities taxation on corporate income tax. Research reveals designation which generally accepted accounting principles could be described as “dormant” in taxation simultaneously disclosing which principles have their own fiscal meaning.
Is smartphone addiction really an addiction?
Authors: Panova Tayana , Carbonell Xavier 
Published: June 2018

Aims
In light of the rise in research on technological addictions and smartphone addiction in particular, the aim of this paper was to review the relevant literature on the topic of smartphone addiction and determine whether this disorder exists or if it does not adequately satisfy the criteria for addiction.

Methods
We reviewed quantitative and qualitative studies on smartphone addiction and analyzed their methods and conclusions to make a determination on the suitability of the diagnosis “addiction” to excessive and problematic smartphone use.

Results
Although the majority of research in the field declares that smartphones are addictive or takes the existence of smartphone addiction as granted, we did not find sufficient support from the addiction perspective to confirm the existence of smartphone addiction at this time. The behaviors observed in the research could be better labeled as problematic or maladaptive smartphone use and their consequences do not meet the severity levels of those caused by addiction.

Discussion and conclusions
Addiction is a disorder with severe effects on physical and psychological health. A behavior may have a similar presentation as addiction in terms of excessive use, impulse control problems, and negative consequences, but that does not mean that it should be considered an addiction. We propose moving away from the addiction framework when studying technological behaviors and using other terms such as “problematic use” to describe them. We recommend that problematic technology use is to be studied in its sociocultural context with an increased focus on its compensatory functions, motivations, and gratifications.
AN ANALYSIS ON SUBTITLING STRATEGIES OF ROMEO AND JULIET MOVIE
Authors: Dwi Hastuti Endang 
Published: June 2018

The focus of this research is to identify the subtitling strategies applied in the subtitling of Romeo and Juliet movie. This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research along with purposive sampling techniques. The objects of the research are English sentences spoken by the actors and actress in Romeo and Juliet movie as a source text (ST) and its Indonesian subtitling as a target text (TT).The research findings show that the subtitling strategies applied in Romeo and Juliet movie are expansion, paraphrase, transfer, imitation, condensation, decimation, deletion, taming, and resignation. Among those strategies; condensation is the most dominant one due to the limited space and subtitling time appearance because in the subtitling process, there should be a thrifty translation whereas, the accuracy of Romeo and Juliet subtitling depends on the context covers the text, both situation context and cultural context. There are three components covers the situation context, namely field, mode/channel, and tenor/relation. The key words: subtitling strategy, subtitling accuracy, thrifty translation
Phosphatidic acid – a simple phospholipid with multiple faces
Authors: Zegarlinska Jolanta , Piaścik Magda , Sikorski Aleksander F , Czogalla Aleksander 
Published: June 2018

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is the simplest glycerophospholipid naturally occurring in living organisms, and even though its content among other cellular lipids is minor, it is drawing more and more attention due to its multiple biological functions. PA is a precursor for other phospholipids, acts as a lipid second messenger and, due to its structural properties, is also a modulator of membrane shape. Although much is known about interaction of PA with its effectors, the molecular mechanisms remain unresolved to a large degree. Throughout many of the well-characterized PA cellular sensors, no conserved binding domain can be recognized. Moreover, not much is known about the cellular dynamics of PA and how it is distributed among subcellular compartments. Remarkably, PA can play distinct roles within each of these compartments. For example, in the nucleus it behaves as a mitogen, influencing gene expression regulation, and in the Golgi membrane it plays a role in membrane trafficking. Here we discuss how a biophysical experimental approach enabled PA behavior to be described in the context of a lipid bilayer and to what extent various physicochemical conditions may modulate the functional properties of the lipid. Understanding these aspects would help to unravel specific mechanisms of PA-driven membrane transformation and protein recruitment and thus would lead to a clearer picture of the biological role of PA.
Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP): A Promising Therapeutic Agent for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Shan , Ma Fei , Huang Longjian , Zhang Yong , Peng Yuchen , Xing Changhong , Feng Yipu , Wang Xiaoliang , Peng Ying 
Published: June 2018

Background and Objective: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both
developed and developing countries all over the world. The only drug for ischemic stroke approved by
FDA is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). However, only 2-5% stroke patients receive
rtPAs treatment due to its strict therapeutic time window. As ischemic stroke is a complex disease involving
multiple mechanisms, medications with multi-targets may be more powerful compared with
single-target drugs. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) is a synthetic compound based on l-3-n-
Butylphthalide that is isolated from seeds of Apium graveolens. The racemic 3-n-butylphthalide (dl-
NBP) was approved by Food and Drug Administration of China for the treatment of ischemic stroke in
2002. A number of clinical studies indicated that NBP not only improved the symptoms of ischemic
stroke, but also contributed to the long-term recovery. The potential mechanisms of NBP for ischemic
stroke treatment may target different pathophysiological processes, including anti-oxidant, antiinflammation,
anti-apoptosis, anti-thrombosis, and protection of mitochondria et al.

Conclusion:
In this review, we have summarized the research progress of NBP for the treatment of
ischemic stroke during the past two decades.
Recognition of Emotions Conveyed by Touch Through Force-Sensitive Screens: Observational Study of Humans and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Heraz Alicia , Clynes Manfred 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundEmotions affect our mental health: they influence our perception, alter our physical strength, and interfere with our reason. Emotions modulate our face, voice, and movements. When emotions are expressed through the voice or face, they are difficult to measure because cameras and microphones are not often used in real life in the same laboratory conditions where emotion detection algorithms perform well. With the increasing use of smartphones, the fact that we touch our phones, on average, thousands of times a day, and that emotions modulate our movements, we have an opportunity to explore emotional patterns in passive expressive touches and detect emotions, enabling us to empower smartphone apps with emotional intelligence.ObjectiveIn this study, we asked 2 questions. (1) As emotions modulate our finger movements, will humans be able to recognize emotions by only looking at passive expressive touches? (2) Can we teach machines how to accurately recognize emotions from passive expressive touches?MethodsWe were interested in 8 emotions: anger, awe, desire, fear, hate, grief, laughter, love (and no emotion). We conducted 2 experiments with 2 groups of participants: good imagers and emotionally aware participants formed group A, with the remainder forming group B. In the first experiment, we video recorded, for a few seconds, the expressive touches of group A, and we asked group B to guess the emotion of every expressive touch. In the second experiment, we trained group A to express every emotion on a force-sensitive smartphone. We then collected hundreds of thousands of their touches, and applied feature selection and machine learning techniques to detect emotions from the coordinates of participant’ finger touches, amount of force, and skin area, all as functions of time.ResultsWe recruited 117 volunteers: 15 were good imagers and emotionally aware (group A); the other 102 participants formed group B. In the first experiment, group B was able to successfully recognize all emotions (and no emotion) with a high 83.8% (769/918) accuracy: 49.0% (50/102) of them were 100% (450/450) correct and 25.5% (26/102) were 77.8% (182/234) correct. In the second experiment, we achieved a high 91.11% (2110/2316) classification accuracy in detecting all emotions (and no emotion) from 9 spatiotemporal features of group A touches.ConclusionsEmotions modulate our touches on force-sensitive screens, and humans have a natural ability to recognize other people’s emotions by watching prerecorded videos of their expressive touches. Machines can learn the same emotion recognition ability and do better than humans if they are allowed to continue learning on new data. It is possible to enable force-sensitive screens to recognize users’ emotions and share this emotional insight with users, increasing users’ emotional awareness and allowing researchers to design better technologies for well-being.
The Impact of Implicit Instruction upon the Use of English Discourse Markers in Written Tasks at the Advanced Beginners’ Level of EFL Proficiency
Authors: Kapranov Oleksandr 
Published: June 2018

This article aims at examining the impact of implicit instruction upon the use of English discourse markers (further – DMs) in written tasks at the advanced beginners’ level of proficiency in English as a Foreign Language (EFL). The theoretical premises of the present research are based upon the role of implicit instruction associated with pragmatic competence, conceptualised as a fundamental dimension of language ability (Laughlin et al., 2015). The research further described in the article involves a quantitative computer-assisted metho­do­logy of computing the frequency of DMs in the written tasks by a group of EFL learners at the advanced beginners’ level of EFL proficiency (further referred to as participants). The frequency of DMs calculated by the computer program WordSmith (Scott, 2012) revealed that implicit instruction in EFL settings had no positive effects on the participants’ use of English DMs in the written tasks. These findings are further discussed in the article.
Interpretation of the Concept Gender in Legal Discourse
Authors: Rudevska Baiba , Roziņa Gunta , Karapetjana Indra 
Published: June 2018

It is commonly accepted that the language of law is often considered to be a highly traditional and, to a certain extent, a conservative means of professional communication, which tends to be stereotypically viewed impenetrable by the layman. Various peculiarities of the language of law and the fact that many legal systems differ all over the world in terms of their origins and frameworks often make legal discourse difficult to comprehend. To communicate professionally, the English language for instrumental purposes is increasingly employed at international level. Considering the above stated, the present study aims at analysing selected areas of the language of law. More specifically, using a case study, it finds its research interest in revealing the many-faceted nature of the concept gender within the framework of its contextual meaning established in specialist discourse. It has been concluded that due to the fact that gender is a polysemic concept in English, the translation in Latvian has more than three possible variants: dzimums, sociālais dzimums, dzimte, sociālā dzimte and dženders, depending on the context of use in the respective normative legal act. Moreover, within the context of the social theory of gender, the proposed translations in Latvian could be either the neologism sociālā dzimte or dženders.
Word-Formation Pattern Borrowing in Latvian
Authors: Veisbergs Andrejs 
Published: June 2018

English as the main contact language during the last three decades has affected Latvian word-formation patterns, patterns of use and patterns of convention. This is pattern borrowing, in addition to phonological borrowing which is also rife. Part of this contact-induced change can be viewed as structural impact, part as a shift in conventions. Previously rare stylistic means – idiom transformations, nonce compounding, conversion, derivative adjectives and new linguo-stylistic devices, such as native blends or compound phrases – have proliferated. These imported patterns have found a niche in the Latvian linguistic system and are now used in various speech domains. They have become part of the Latvian language and usage. In general we can view these shifts as an enhancement of Latvian’s inherent linguistic potential rather than the contact-induced change of traditional patterns.
Volumetric evaluation of root resorption on the upper incisors using cone beam computed tomography after 1 year of orthodontic treatment in adult patients with marginal bone loss
Authors: Puttaravuttiporn Pornputthi , Wongsuwanlert Mutita , Charoemratrote Chairat , Leethanakul Chidchanok 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:To determine upper incisor root resorption, volume loss, and the relationship between root volume loss and tooth movement after 1 year of orthodontic treatment in patients with marginal bone loss.Materials and Methods:A total of 30 women (46.3 ± 5.4 years old) with moderate upper incisor bone loss who required intrusion during orthodontic treatment were recruited. Pre- and post-treatment cone beam computed tomography images were reconstructed. Upper incisors at pre- and post-treatment were superimposed; labio- and palato-apical, middle, and coronal third root volumes were assessed. Tooth movement and alveolar bone height were measured from lateral cephalometric radiographs and cone beam computed tomography. Changes in root volume/alveolar bone height were compared using paired-sample t-tests, percentage root volume loss for each tooth/segment was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance, and the relationship between percentage root loss and degree of tooth movement was assessed by linear regression.Results:Mean root volume significantly decreased on the labio- and palato-apical aspects of 12 and labio-apical aspects of 21 and 22 (P ≤ .024). Palato-apical segment volume loss was greater on lateral than central incisors (P ≤ .016). Two-dimensional root length and cementoenamel junction-bone crest distance did not change between T0 and T1, with no significant relationship between tooth movement amount and percentage root volume loss.Conclusions:Delivery of 40 g intrusive force to the four upper incisors using a T-loop and the leveling phase lead to more apical root volume loss on lateral than central incisors. There was no relationship between extent of tooth movement and upper incisor root volume loss.
Selection of solvent and extraction method for determination of antimicrobial potential of Taxus wallichiana Zucc.
Authors: Anita Pandey Priyanka Adhikari, , Agnihotri Vasudha , Pande Veena 
Published: June 2018

Antimicrobial potential of different plant parts (needle, stem and bark) of Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana Zucc.) has been investigated with particular reference to selection of solvents and extraction methods. Two extraction methods (maceration and soxhlet), seven solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, di chloro methane and Petroleum ether), and 3 groups of microorganisms (bacteria, actinobacteria and fungi) were considered for detection of antimicrobial activity. While qualitative estimations were done using agar well diffusion method, quantitative analysis was based on dilution method. All the plant part showed significant activity against all 3 groups of microorganisms in qualitative bioassays; maximum being in case of needles. Among solvents, ethanolic extract of needles (maceration) showed highest antibacterial activity (15.33 ± 0.25 mm). Growth of actinobacteria was inhibited maximum (22.0±0.26 mm) by the methanolic extracts of needles (maceration). Ethyl acetate extract of needles (soxhlet) showed higher antifungal activity (7.84±0.21 mm). Antibacterial and antifungal activities were higher in maceration and soxhlet methods, respectively. The most affected group among the test microorganisms was bacteria which may be due to their prokaryotic organization. This was also supported by the low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Di chloro methane and petroleum ether did not show any antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activity of various plant parts of T. wallichiana varied with respect to the solvent as well as the extraction method. The study will have implications in selection of the use of solvent and the extraction procedure in obtaining the antimicrobial metabolites from various plant parts of T. wallichiana.
A formação continuada de professores: considerações acerca dos saberes e da prática reflexiva
Authors: Gumieiro Angela Hess 
Published: June 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivodiscutir a formação continuada de professores, evidenciando o que determina a legislação nacional sobre algumas prerrogativas, assim como destacar algumas considerações acerca dos saberes e da prática reflexiva dos professores em meio à formação continuada. Para a realização do estudo foi utilizada a pesquisa de natureza bibliográfico-documental. O corpus de análise compõe-se dos seguintes documentos: LDB, Lei 9394/96, o Decreto nº 6.755/09, o PNE (2014-2024), a Resolução nº 2, de 1º de julho de 2015.Foram consultadas diferentes fontes, a saber: García (1995), Candau (1996), Nóvoa (1992; 1995), Gatti (2008), Pérez Gómez (2001), entre outros. Concluímos ressaltando a importância do aumento de estudos que busquem as especificidades nas ações de formação continuada levando em conta os saberes e as práticas dos professores, sendo que temos na legislação os direitos à formação continuada dos professores.
SISTEM MONITORING PENGONTROL SUHU DAN INTENSITAS CAHAYA PADA PENETAS TELUR PUYUH
Authors: Rizki Ibrahim , Kustanto Kustanto , Siswanti Sri 
Published: June 2018

Hatching egg is important in the creation of excellent seeds. The accuracy of care of room temperature conditions and microcontroller-based monitoring system is one of the first steps to meet the needs of quality quail seeds in the market. At the same time naturally, it is very difficult, because the parent quail is only able to incubate about 5 eggs. The use of automatic egg hatchery is one of the solutions. In this Scripsir research is made automatic quail egg machine based on microcontroller atmega328. The control is able to control the temperature and humidity needed in hatching eggs. From the control result using a microcontroller, lamp and fan can be adjusted according to the temperature of the room on the egg hatch is by automatic control of the lamp life and the fan. Test results showed that an increase in hatching eggs by 13%.Keywords: Hatching eggs, Monitoring system, Climate control, Microcontroller.
DA ELABORAÇÃO AO USO DE VÍDEOS DIDÁTICOS BASEADOS NA HISTÓRIA DA MATEMÁTICA: CARACTERÍSTICAS E SUGESTÕES A PARTIR DE UMA EXEMPLIFICAÇÃO
Authors: Gomes Lucas Ferreira , Araman Eliane Maria de Oliveira 
Published: June 2018

A presente pesquisa remete a uma reflexão a respeito do uso dos recursos oferecidos pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), em especial, vídeos didáticos para o trabalho docente, visto que, cada vez mais, torna-se necessária a inserção das tecnologias no contexto escolar, a fim de se atender as necessidades da sociedade atual, na qual tais recursos estão cada vez mais presentes. Entende-se o uso de tecnologias como um elo importante entre professor, o conhecimento matemático e a compreensão dos alunos, sendo os vídeos didáticos uma das ferramentas que podem fortalecer esse elo. A proposta de baseá-los na História da Matemática se deve ao fato de que diversas pesquisas defendem que essa metodologia pode contribuir para a compreensão dos conceitos matemáticos, favorecendo, assim, uma reflexão a respeito dos tópicos explorados. Desta forma, ela visa a inserção de ambas no contexto escolar, a fim de que elas desempenhem suas contribuições na aprendizagem da Matemática. Neste contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo propor uma forma de se elaborar vídeos didáticos baseados na História da Matemática que possam ser empregados nas aulas de Matemática. Por fins didáticos, apresentamos esta proposta por meio de uma exemplificação: a produção de um vídeo sobre os conceitos relacionados ao estudo dos quadriláteros nas geometrias hiperbólica e elíptica, evidenciando os passos realizados na construção, além das orientações para o uso dos vídeos didáticos em sala de aula.