bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suboptimal Nocturnal Glucose Control Is Associated With Large for Gestational Age in Treated Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Law Graham R. , Alnaji Alia , Alrefaii Lina , Endersby Del , Cartland Sarah J. , Gilbey Stephen G. , Jennings Paul E. , Murphy Helen R. , Scott Eleanor M. 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides far greater detail about fetal exposure to maternal glucose across the 24-h day. Our aim was to examine the role of temporal glucose variation on the development of large for gestational age (LGA) infants in women with treated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a prospective observational study of 162 pregnant women with GDM in specialist multidisciplinary antenatal diabetes clinics. Participants undertook 7-day masked CGM at 30–32 weeks’ gestation. Standard summary indices and glycemic variability measures of CGM were calculated. Functional data analysis was applied to determine differences in temporal glucose profiles. LGA was defined as birth weight ≥90th percentile adjusted for infant sex, gestational age, maternal BMI, ethnicity, and parity.

RESULTS
Mean glucose was significantly higher in women who delivered an LGA infant (6.2 vs. 5.8 mmol/L, P = 0.025, or 111.6 mg/dL vs. 104.4 mg/dL). There were no significant differences in percentage time in, above, or below the target glucose range or in glucose variability measures (all P &gt; 0.05). Functional data analysis revealed that the higher mean glucose was driven by a significantly higher glucose for 6 h overnight (0030–0630 h) in mothers of LGA infants (6.0 ± 1.0 mmol/L vs. 5.5 ± 0.8 mmol/L, P = 0.005, and 108.0 ± 18.0 mg/dL vs. 99.0 ± 14.4 mg/dL).

CONCLUSIONS
Mothers of LGA infants run significantly higher glucose overnight compared with mothers without LGA infants. Detecting and addressing nocturnal glucose control may help to further reduce rates of LGA in women with GDM.
PENGGUNAAN KURVA CT BIPLOT UNTUK ANALISIS DIALEL SIFAT BERGANDA PADA KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
Authors: Jambormias Edizon , Tutupary Johan Marthin , Patty Jacob Richard 
Published: February 2019

Diallel analysis of multiple traits is a comprehensive approach to evaluate general combining ability (gca), specific combining ability (sca) and reciprocal effects of parents and it crosses by involving many traits simul­taneously. Describing of cross-by-traits biplot (CT Biplot) can be used to describe the multiple traits diallel analysis. In order to improve the yield potential, four parents of the local varieties and two parents of the high yielding varieties of mungbean were evaluated their multiple traits combining ability by using Griffing Methods I. Results of the research show, there are 3 meaning sectors (MS) and 2 non-meaning sectors (NMS) of crosses and multiple traits. The parents Lasafu Lere Butsiw (LLBs) and Gelatik contained high gca in one MS which associated with traits of the grain weight, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds, number of filled seeds, number of pods, and number of filled pods (MS-1). The parents Lasafu Lere Butsiw fer Namamas (LLBfN), Lasafu Lere Butnem (LLBn), and variety No. 129 in the next MS (MS-3) related to the 100 seed weight trait, meanwhile the parent Mamasa Lere Butnem (MLB) located in another NMS, contained high gca for an ideal type of short plant. Crosses combination of Gelatik × LLBs, Gelatik × LLBfN, and MLB × LLBn were vertex crosses on MS-1 and therefore, having high sca for the traits that mutually-correlated in the sector. In the other two MS sectors, the parents LLBn and LLBs were vertex genotype, so that crosses that have best sca were not found. Reciprocal effects can be viewed in some crosses, which LLBs × Gelatik was the cross combination with the highest reciprocal effects.
Pengembangan Media Big Book Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Setiyaningsih Gunanti , Syamsudin Amir 
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to develop a big book media based on fieldwork, needs analysis, and the study of literature in kindergarten. This research and development is adopting the model of Borg & Gall with the stages consisting of: (1) research and information collecting, (2) planning, (3) developing the preliminary form, (4) preliminary filed testing, (5) main product revision, (6) main filed testing, (7) operational product revision, (8) operational field testing, and (9) final product revision. The subjects of the preliminary field test was one class, and those for field test were five classes. The subjects of the operational testing were eleven classes. The data was collected through interviews, validation product, observation, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used was inter-rater reliability and Cohen’s Kappa with SPSS program version 22. The result of the research was the big book media and its guide book that consisted of introduction, basic competencies and indicators, steps of using the media, and daily activity plan. The result of material expert showed that the material was in a sufficient category. The result of media expert showed that the media was excellent. The result of preliminary field test, field test, and operational test were valid according to Aiken validity. The agreement of teachers in field test with Kappa coefficient value showed 50% or moderate. The agreement of teachers in operational test with Kappa coefficient value showed 51,78% or moderate. The literacy ability of children at operational test improved well.
Eleocharis Carniolica W. D. J. Koch, New Species in Flora of Montenegro
Authors: Vuksanović Snežana , Bubanja Nada , Berg Christian 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
During floristic research of acidic bogs, calcareous fens and seasonally flooded (periodically inundated) grassy places in beech forests in Semolj region, Eleocharis carniolica W. D. J. Koch was found, which was the first record of that species in vascular plant flora of Montenegro. In surrounding countries, this species was recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Albania. This paper provides description of sites, habitat and ecology of Eleocharis carniolica W. D. J. Koch in Montenegro.
Damage Detection of Concrete Gravity Dams using Hilbert-Huang Method
Authors: Esmaielzadeh Sajad , Ahmadi Hassan , Hosseini Seyed Abbas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Damage detection in concrete gravity dams using Hilbert-Huang Method, as one of the most common signal processing techniques, is studied in this research. After considering a typical geometry for dams, damage is modelled by a reduction in the modulus of elasticity in the dam’s body (in three levels of damage) and in different areas of the structure. The dam is excited by a horizontal earthquake and the primary natural frequencies of the dam are calculated by applying Hilbert-Huang Method to the measured response, which is the acceleration of five points in the system. Based on the changes in the frequencies of the damaged and undamaged structure, a parameter, called relative frequency error, has been introduced. The results show that the proposed criterion used in this study can not only properly identify the location of damage but also predict the severity of the structural damage in concrete gravity dams accurately.
Evaluation of Pile’s Buckling Under Axial Load by B-Spline Method and Comparison With Finite Element Method and Exact Solution
Authors: Moghaddam A. , Nayeri A. , Mirhosseini S.M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Although various analytical and numerical methods have been proposed by researchers to solve equations, but use of numerical tools with low volume calculations and high accuracy instead of other numerical methods with high volume calculations is inevitable in the analysis of engineering equations. In this paper, B-Spline spectral method was used to study buckling equations of the piles. Results were compared with the calculated amounts of the exact solution and finite element method. Uniform horizontal reaction coefficient has been used in most of proposed methods for analyzing buckling of the pile on elastic base. In reality, soil horizontal reaction coefficient is nonlinear along the pile. So, in this research by using B-Spline method, buckling equation of the pile with nonlinear horizontal reaction coefficient of the soil was investigated. It is worth mentioning that B-Spline method had not been used for buckling of the pile.
A Review of Fiber Synergy in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Singh Niraj Kumar , Rai Baboo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) presently utilized as a part of special structures subjected to dynamic loads for example airport pavements, expressways overlays, bridge decks and machine foundations. In most cases, FRC contains just a single kind of fibre. The utilization of at least two kinds of fibres in an appropriate mix can possibly improve the mechanical properties of concrete and result in performance synergy. The audit demonstrates that the blend of fibre allows a more powerful control of the dynamic crack development. This review analyses the components for synergistic impacts that gives direction on the fiber and matrix choice.
The Use of Laser Scanning and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Construction Surveying in the Light of Legal Regulations in Poland
Authors: Puniach Edyta , Kwartnik-Pruc Anita 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Construction surveying consist in overall surveying works performed at every stage of the construction and use of a building structure. The surveyor participates in the processes of designing, direct implementation, maintenance and use, as well as demolition of a building structure. Advanced surveying techniques, such as laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry, are being increasingly used to perform the surveyor’s tasks. The aim of this research paper was to analyze the Polish legal regulations for the possibilities of applying the above-mentioned techniques to carry out the surveying works which are subject to the obligatory submission to public administration authorities. The primary focus was placed on the type of the works associated with construction surveying. The conducted research studies confirmed the lack of appropriate guidelines that would clearly define the scope and method of using laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry in construction surveying. At the same time, it was demonstrated that both these techniques of spatial data acquisition were sufficiently accurate to perform plane and vertical land surveys pursuant to the legal acts currently in force in Poland, and they can be used at selected stages of construction surveying. Finally, the authors proposed some solutions that would make it easier for the surveyors to use laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry in standard surveying works.
Forest Fragmentation and Connectivity in Virginia Between 2001 and 2011
Authors: Fynn Iris E. M. , Campbell James 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
With an annual population growth rate currently estimated at about 5 %, Virginia presents an ideal case study for anthropogenic environmental disturbances. Urbanization as a result of increasing human activities has led to fragmentation of many crucial habitats, especially forests. Analysis of the extent to which forest fragmentation and connectivity have occurred in Virginia and corresponding changes associated with these processes, is relevant for conserving forest habitats and the biodiversity that they support. This study applies FRAGSTATS, a software system developed to assess forest fragmentation and connectivity, in combination with ArcGIS, to identify changes in forest patch metrics for Virginia over a ten-year interval (2001, 2006 and 2011) using National Land Cover Datasets (NLCD) maps as data source. Results show that, over ten years, forest patches have significantly declined in size, while the number of forest patches and total length of edge areas have increased over time. Results of this study show that road density in Virginia has no significant effect on forest fragmentation between 2001 and 2011. Analysis using ArcGIS revealed that sizes of core forest areas in Virginia are declining, and that these reductions match local topographic slope. This is because the steepness of the slope of an area dictates the degree of human activities in that area. These results suggest that urban sprawl associated with areas with gentler slopes, may have significant, long-term consequences for natural forest ecosystems and ultimately, biodiversity conservation.
The Ecology of British Upland Landscapes. I. Composition of Landscapes, Habitats, Vegetation and Species
Authors: Bunce Robert G.H. , Wood Claire M. , Smart Simon M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A primary requirement for policy objectives is reliable figures on the composition of any region. Currently there is no comprehensive, definitive set of statistics for the British Uplands, hence the present paper. An overview of the background to the region is first provided, together with some examples of the available figures and a discussion of their limitations. The paper uses a formal structure, with landscapes at the highest level followed by habitats, then vegetation, and finally species, with exact definitions of the categories applied at all levels. The figures are produced from a survey of stratified, random one kilometre squares. The tables give comprehensive figures for Great Britain (GB) as a whole, and also England, Wales and Scotland.
The Uplands are shown to cover 38 % of the country. In terms of UK Broad Habitats, Bog is the most common overall (2062 k ha). It is estimated that 41 % of upland vegetation in Britain is grazed by sheep, and Cervus elephus (red deer) are particularly evident in Scotland. Walls (mainly drystone) are the most important linear feature (84 k km) but hedgerows (30 k km) are also widespread. The major vegetation classes are those linked to moorlands and bogs (about 25 %) but those associated with fertile soils are also common (10 %). In terms of species, Potentilla erecta (tormentil) is the most frequent species with four other acid grassland species in the top ten. Calluna vulgaris (ling heather) has the highest cover in Great Britain (14.8 %).
Detection of Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Men with Chronic Internal Diseases
Authors: Požarskis Anatolijs , Lejnieks Aivars 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is a clinical and biochemical syndrome associated with age and featured by typical symptoms and reduced blood testosterone level. Among males aged over 30 years, the incidence of androgen deficiency is 7 to 30%. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of hypogonadism in patients aged over 40 years with an underlying condition and/or a comorbidity, such as arterial hypertension, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), metabolic syndrome, Type 2 of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, adiposity in various General practice (GP) and physician-sexologists’ offices in Latvia, and to determine the influence of chronic diseases on the development of hypogonadism. Males aged 39 years who turned to family doctors at nine GP were offered to fill in Aging Male Study (AMS) questionnaires used for the diagnostics of late-onset hypogonadism. Males aged 40 years who visited the office of the physician sexologist Anatolijs Požarskis were offered to fill in the same questionnaires. After compiling the data from AMS questionnaires, a group of males exhibiting signs of LOH were isolated (in total 1222 persons). In these patients, we determined blood testosterone and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels. Chronic diseases were found in these men in data evaluation of patient medical records, and after performing physical and laboratory examinations. Late-onset hypogonadism was laboratory-diagnosed in 79% of patients with signs of late-onset hypogonadism in accordance with the AMS questionnaires and with concomitant diseases and in 4.7% of patients with signs of late-onset hypogonadism in accordance with the AMS questionnaires and without the aforementioned concomitant diseases. Persons with arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, adiposity, metabolic syndrome, COPD and Type 2 of diabetes mellitus had higher chance of developing hypogonadism (p < 0.001). Arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, adiposity, metabolic syndrome, COPD statistically significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the level of total testosterone by 0.47, 1.18, 0.36, 0.67, and 0.18 ng/ml, respectively, and decreased the level of free testosterone by 2.52, 2.71, 1,69, 6.77, and 4.58 pg/ml, respectively. Type 2 diabetes mellitus had no statistically significant effect on the level of total and free testosterone (p = 0.95, p = 0.10). The most significant decrease in the level of testosterone was observed in cases of dyslipidemia, COPD and metabolic syndrome. General physicians should pay special attention to patients with this disease, as these patients belong to a group with a high risk of development of expressed LOH syndrome.
The Evolving Pattern Of Primary Skin Cancers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Oripelaye Mufutau Muphy , Oladele Ayodeji Olanrewaju , Olanrewaju Fatai Olatunde , Olaofe Olaejirinde Olaniyi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background. The increasing solar intensity and HIV epidemic have progressively eroded the protective effects of melanin among black race. This study was aimed at evaluating the pattern of primary skin cancers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Methods. This retrospective study, which was conducted at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, included the patients diagnosed with primary skin cancers between January 2008 and December 2017. The data were analyzed using SPSS version20.

Results. The frequency of primary skin cancers was 1.0%. Females (58.3%) outnumbered the males (41.7%), the ratio being 1.4:1. The spectrum of primary skin cancers documented by this study are squamous cell carcinoma (33.3%), malignant melanoma (25%), Kaposi sarcoma (15.3%), basal cell carcinoma (9.7%), and cutaneous lymphoma (6.9%).

Conclusion. Melanin remains a major protective factor for skin cancers among negroids. Albinism and high burden of HIV were identified risk groups for skin cancers. The eradication of HIV and enhanced sun protection will reduce the prevalence of skin cancers.
How much is enough? Influence of number of presence observations on the performance of species distribution models
Authors: Støa Bente , Halvorsen Rune , Stokland Jogeir N. , Gusarov Vladimir I. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Species distribution modeling (SDM) can be useful for many applied purposes, e.g., mapping and monitoring of rare and endangered species. Sparse presence data are a recurrent, major obstacle to precise modeling of species distributions. Thus, knowing the minimum number of presences required to obtain reliable distribution models is of fundamental importance for applied use of SDM. This study uses a novel approach to assess the critical sample size (CSS) sufficient for an accurate prediction of species distributions with Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt). Large presence datasets for thirty insect species, ranging from generalists to specialists regarding their responses to main bioclimatic gradients, were used to produce reference distribution models. Models based on replicated subsamples of different size drawn randomly from the full dataset were compared to the reference model using the index of vector similarity distribution models. Models based on replicated subsamples of different size drawn randomly from the full dataset were compared to the reference model using the index of vector similarity (IVS). Two thresholds for IVS were determined based on comparison of nine reference models to random null models. The threshold values correspond to 0.95 and 0.99 probability that a model outperforms a random null model in terms of similarity to the reference dataset. For 90% of the species, clearly nonrandom models were obtained with less than 10 presence observations, and for 97% of the species with less than 15 presence observations. We conclude that the number of presence observations required to produce nonrandom models is generally low and, accordingly, that even sparse datasets may be useful for distribution modelling.
Socialist Romania and the Futility of Cold War Analysis
Authors: Randall Steven G. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This discussion looks back at socialist Romania and the collapse of the Ceauşescu regime. It suggests that Romania, like all states, socialist, social-democratic and neoliberal are confronted by the same world systemic capitalism and that all states use a mixture of policies involving both capitalist and socialist, democratic and authoritarian features in the attempt to avoid the hazards and to gain the advantages of a global system dominated by capitalist accumulation. Using a diversity of assets and hampered by limitations inherited historically, some will fail and some will succeed as state projects. Cold War era analysis will not be useful as a way to evaluate or predict winners or losers. Likewise, the failure of Communist Romania as a state system could not have been predicted either by its authoritarian or by its socialist policy features.
Translating John V. Murra’s ‘The Economic Organization of the Inca State’ into Romanian as ‘Obra DE Amor’
Authors: Anăstăsoaie Marian Viorel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper addresses one of the first translations of a US anthropological monograph into Romanian. Its author, John V. Murra (1916–2006), born into a Russian-Jewish family in Odessa, grew up in Romania, where he studied and became involved in the Communist movement before his departure for Chicago in 1934. His 1956 PhD thesis in anthropology at University of Chicago on the Inka state was a first step towards turning Murra into an influential figure in the field of Andean anthropology. His sister Ata Iosifescu lived in Romania and translated his PhD thesis into Romanian, published in 1987 as Civilizaţie inca: organizarea economică a statului incaş(Inka Civilization: the Economic Organization of the Inka State). Based on their correspondence kept at the National Anthropological Archives at the Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC), I propose to reconstruct this translation’s story: the context, the constraints and the process of translation itself. I am also addressing the question of the book’s reception in Romania.
Family Practices Across Generations and National Borders
Authors: Földes Ionuţ , Savu Veronica 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Part of the mobility and migration process, family relationships and mutual support are subject of various transformations. Spatial separation between family members creates a specific setting for analysis which leads to the necessity of understanding how family practices are arranged and developed across time and distance. The present study focuses on the dyad emigrated adult children and non-migrated elderly parents living in Romania and on the types of intergenerational family practices that occur between these dyads across national borders. Our analysis of family practices relies on tracing certain set of actions taken by family members in order to maintain, consolidate, and ultimately to display family solidarity. We consider here various forms of practices, namely technological mediated contacts, visits, time-consuming practical support and financial assistance. Analyses are based on the national survey entitled Intergenerational solidarity in the context of work migration abroad. The situation of elderly left at home, which provides empirical data about the relationships from a distance between elderly parents living in Romania and their migrant adult children. Descriptive statistics are provided in order to assess the flow directions, the frequency and the intensity of each type of intergenerational support. Our empirical evidence highlights that transnational support is asymmetrical and multidirectional. Results also support that intergenerational support and family relationships can no longer be theoretically approached in terms of a simple dichotomy.