bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota signatures and lipids metabolism profiles by exposure to polyene phosphatidylcholine
Authors: Yu Haining , Yu Zhen , Huang Haiyong , Li Peng , Tang Qiu , Wang Xique , Shen Shengrong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to address the causality links and identify specific features of the gut microbiota signatures contributing to host lipids metabolism in the presence or absence of polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC) administration, and evaluate potential risk of PPC consumption. About 20 C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into two groups, normal diet group (CK) and PPC administration group (205.2 mg/kg). Compared with CK group, the contents of unsaturated fatty acids were increased and the saturated fatty acids were decreased in PPC group. The content of free fatty acids (FFA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), liver fatty acid binding protein (L‐FABP), fatty acid transport protein 5 (FATP5), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) were significantly decreased in the mRNA and protein levels after treated by PPC (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Also, we found that acetic acid in feces was significantly increased after consumption of PPC (P < 0.05). After PPC administration the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Clostridia were increased within the phylum level and the class level, respectively. Microbial abundances in genus level were dominated by Lachnospiraceae and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, whereas the proportion of sequences assigned to Bacteroidetes within the phylum level, class Bacteroidias and Mollicutes, order Anaeroplasmatalesl, genus Bacteroidales_S24‐7_group were decreased in metagenomes of treated group with PPC and did not significantly influence on the accumulation of trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO). This study revealed that intake of PPC could regulate the gut microbiota signatures and lipids metabolism in mice without TMAO accumulations. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):439–449, 2019
A literature review for the mechanisms of stress‐induced liver injury
Authors: Joung Jin‐Yong , Cho Jung‐Hyo , Kim Yun‐Hee , Choi Seung‐Hoon , Son Chang‐Gue 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionExperimental studies and clinical observations have shown that stress can damage hepatic tissue both directly and indirectly. Many studies have partially revealed the contributors of stress‐induced liver injury; however, the whole process has not yet been uncovered. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms that have been proposed to be involved.MethodsA literature search was conducted using PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) in its entirety up to March 2018, and analyzed the animal‐derived mechanistic studies on stress‐induced liver injury.ResultsThe liver is the organ that meets and filters a mass of alien material, and then maintains immune tolerance under physiological conditions. Under stress conditions, however, immune tolerance is interrupted, which results in the induction of inflammation in the liver. Contributors to this process can be categorized as follows: hypoxia‐reoxygenation, over‐activation of Kupffer cells and oxidative stress, influx of gut‐derived lipopolysaccharide and norepinephrine, and over‐production of stress hormones and activation of the sympathetic nerve.ConclusionsPsychological stress is associated with a variety of pathological conditions resulting in liver injury through multiple systems, including the sympathetic nervous and adrenocortical system. Mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon is important for the clinical practice of managing patients with hepatic disorders and should be explored further in the future.
Spinal cord tissue affects sprouting from aortic fragments in ex vivo co‐culture
Authors: Mikhailova Mariya M. , Panteleyev Andrey A. , Paltsev Mikhail A. , Panteleyev Andrey A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is a well‐known fact, that there is a close interconnection between vascular and neural structures in both embryonic development and postnatal life. Different models have been employed to dissect the mechanisms of these interactions, ranging from in vitro systems (e.g., co‐culture of neural and endothelial cells) to in vivo imaging of central neural system recovery in laboratory animals after artificially induced trauma. Nevertheless, most of these models have serious limitations. Here, we describe an ex vivo model, representing an organotypic co‐culture of aortic fragments (AF) with longitudinal slices of mouse neonatal spinal cord (SC) or dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The samples were co‐cultured in a medium adapted for SC tissue and lacking any pro‐angiogenic or neurotrophic growth factors. It was found, that cultivation of AFs in the SC injury zone (transversal dissection of a SC slice) resulted in the initiation of active aortic sprouting. Remarkably, the endothelial cells exiting the AFs never invaded the SC tissue, concentrating in a nearby area (negative taxis). In contrast, the DRGs, while also promoting the sprouting, were a target of active endothelial CD31+ cell invasion (positive taxis). Thus, the tissues of both central and peripheral nervous systems have a prominent positive effect on aortic sprouting, while the vector of endothelial cell expansion is strictly nervous‐tissue‐type dependent. The ex vivo AF co‐culture with SC or DRG appeared to be a useful and promising model for a further endeavor into the mechanisms driving the complex interactions between neural and endothelial tissues.
Trimethyl Phosphate for Nonflammable Carbonate‐Based Electrolytes for Safer Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Min , Yan Yong‐Wang , Ren Xiao‐Xia , Chen Liang , Xu Shou‐Dong , Liu Shi‐Bin , Wang Xiao‐Min , Zhang Ding 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo address the safety concern for room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur batteries, such as fires easily triggered by organic electrolytes, an applicable non‐flammable electrolyte formula was developed by introducing trimethyl phosphate (TMP) into 1.0 M NaClO4‐ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate electrolyte. It is demonstrated that the electrolyte containing 15 wt.% TMP was a optimized formula, exhibiting nonflammability, thermal stability, electrochemical compatibility and lasting cell performance. Using this optimized electrolyte formula, the sulfur cathode exhibited a stable capacity of 788 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.1 C and excellent rate capability of 441 and 177 mAh g−1 for 200 cycles at rates of 1 C and 5 C, respectively. When the TMP content further increases to 25 wt.%, the specific capacity of batteries declined significantly due to unstable SEI. Our study can shed light on the development of flame‐retardant electrolyte for room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur or other batteries.
One Pot Synthesis of FeCo/N‐Doped 3D Porous Carbon Nanosheets as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions
Authors: Gao Rongzhen , Yin Yanhong , Niu Fuquan , Wang Aili , Li Shaoyu , Dong Hongyu , Yang Shuting 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this work, FeCo/N‐doped porous carbon nanosheets (FeCo/NPC) were in‐situ synthesised as bifunctional oxygen catalyst following a sodium chloride (NaCl) template‐assisted strategy. The results show that this strategy assists in generating a 3D interconnected carbon nanosheets network with hierarchical pores and a larger specific surface area through a stencil effect. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the Fe 2p3/2 and Co 2p3/2 core‐level binding energy (BE) of the FeCo/NPC catalyst exhibits a positive shift compared to monometallic catalysts, which is associated with downshifts of the d‐band position of the metal by alloying and weakening of the interaction between oxygenic species and metal surfaces, thereby improving the catalytic activity. The FeCo/NPC catalyst shows excellent electrocatalytic activity for bothoxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solution: a high onset potential of 0.92 V (vs. RHE), only 10 mV difference of half‐wave potential comparable with commercial Pt/C (20 wt%), a high current retention of 95.7 % after stability test of 20000 s for ORR and a potential of 1.68 V (vs. RHE) for OER at 10 mA ⋅ cm−2. The high catalytic performance of the FeCo/NPC catalyst and the simplicity of the synthesis method provide a possibility for its practical application in metal‐air batteries.
Single Pt–Pd Bimetallic Nanoparticle Electrode: Controllable Fabrication and Unique Electrocatalytic Performance for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Tang Haoran , Hao Huan , Zhu Jiahui , Guan Xianping , Qiu Baijing , Li Yongxin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the electrocatalytic activity at single nanoparticles/nanoclusters level is extremely important. In this work, a method for the electro‐deposition of single Pt–Pd nanoparticles (NPs) is described using a single nanopore electrode as a template. The electro‐deposition process was investigated carefully and the results show that the process is controlled by diffusion and electro‐crystallization process, simultaneously, and the glass sheath property around the nanopore has a large impact on the formation of single Pt–Pd NPs due to the “edge effect”. The prepared single Pt–Pd NPs exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity in the methanol oxidation reaction, which can be used to screen electrocatalysts with high efficiency for utility in the energy field.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Purification of Protein–DNA Origami Nanostructures
Authors: Burgahn Teresa , Garrecht Ruben , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are C. M. Niemeyer and co‐workers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The cover picture shows a comic hero with magnetic superpowers who pulls pure, protein‐decorated DNA origami nanostructures out of a crude reaction mixture. Read the full text of the article at
10.1002/chem.201805506.
Surface Characterizations and Selective Etching of Sr‐Rich Segregation on Top of SrVO3 Thin‐Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Bourlier Yoan , Frégnaux Mathieu , Bérini Bruno , Fouchet Arnaud , Dumont Yves , Aureau Damien 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince SrVO3 (SVO) can be used as a highly conductive material for perovskite heterostructures, the control of surface morphology and chemistry of such thin‐films are essential. Using pulsed laser deposition, two distinct topographies can be produced. Thus, by tuning oxygen pressure in the growth chamber during cooling, smooth or partially covered by self‐oriented Sr3V2O8 nanorods surfaces can be grown. This study manages to correlate the two typical topographies, revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), with their chemical compositions obtained by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At first, a model describes their initial surface chemistry through the Sr/V cationic ratio and the (Sr+V)/Oox ratio. Furthermore, using sputter‐depth profiling, post‐thermal treatments and wet chemical etching, SVO thin‐film chemical compositions are extensively studied. We demonstrate that they are composed of stoichiometric SVO phase covered by Sr‐rich layer on top. Finally, treatment in water for 180 seconds helps to remove Sr‐rich phases. Sr3V2O8 nanorods are found selectively dissolved leaving a surface nano‐imprint. Moreover, on smooth SVO surfaces, a balanced Sr/V cationic ratio of 1.0±0.1 is obtained. These results appear very promising for SVO thin‐films surface preparation and further development as electrodes for electronic devices.
Effects of the Peripheral Substituents, Central Metal, and Solvent on the Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of 5,15‐Diazaporphyrins
Authors: Omomo Satoshi , Fukuda Ryosuke , Miura Tomoaki , Murakami Tatsuya , Ikoma Tadaaki , Matano Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetal complexes of 3,7,13,17‐tetrakis(di(4‐carboxyphenyl)amino)‐5,15‐diazaporphyrin (MDAP‐COOH; M=Pd, Cu) and their ethyl ester precursors (MDAP‐COOEt; M=Pd, Cu) have been synthesized for use as near‐infrared (NIR)‐light‐responsive photosensitizers. Under irradiation with visible or NIR light, PdDAP‐COOEt in toluene generated singlet oxygen (1O2) with an excellent quantum yield (ΦΔ=0.99), whereas CuDAP‐COOEt exhibited a lower efficiency (ΦΔ=0.21). The water‐soluble PdII complex PdDAP‐COOH also behaved as a photosensitizer (ΦΔ=0.20) in a micellar solution. The photophysical properties of these dyes were measured by transient absorption techniques. It was found that the efficiency of the energy transfer from the triplet state of MDAP‐COOR (R=Et, H) to the ground state of dioxygen was highly dependent on the peripheral substituents, the central metal, and the solvent. Furthermore, the phototoxicity of PdDAP‐COOH toward HeLa cells under irradiation of NIR light (720 nm) was evaluated. As expected, PdDAP‐COOH exhibited good photodynamic activity, and control experiments confirmed that 1O2 was generated as the active oxygen species.
Tuning Merocyanine Photoacid Structure to Enhance Solubility and Temporal Control: Application in Ring Opening Polymerization
Authors: Zayas Manuel S. , Dolinski Neil D. , Self Jeffrey L. , Abdilla Allison , Hawker Craig J. , Bates Christopher M. , Read de Alaniz Javier 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHerein we report the development of a merocyanine‐based photoacid with improved solubility in organic media and enhanced switching kinetics that can be used to impart temporal control over ring opening polymerization. The effect of the structural modification on solubility, thermal relaxation kinetics and activation energy were evaluated using 1H NMR and pump‐probe absorption spectroscopies. Overall, the new merocyanine based photoacid provides access to a wider range of chemical and material applications with improved solvent compatibility and temporal control.
Morphological and Optical Characteristics of Transition Metal Doped PVT Grown Zinc Selenide Single Crystal
Authors: Singh Narsingh Bahadur , Su Ching‐Hua , Arnold Bradley , Choa Fow‐Sen , Cullum Brian , Sova Stacey , Cooper Christopher 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn experimental study on the absorption, emission, crystal quality, and morphological characteristics of the transition metal doped zinc selenide (ZnSe) crystals is performed. This study focuses on the effect of dopant and thermal convection on crystal characteristics. Two ZnSe crystals, one doped with Fe2+ and the other with Cr2+, are grown using the physical vapor transport method. The bulk crystal samples are further divided into localized zones and overall crystallinity is evaluated using optical transparency, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analyses. Gross defects, such as large precipitates, inclusions and voids, are not observed. The radial segregation and its effect on morphology and optical fluorescence and emission are studied for both doped crystals using different spots along the radius for both crystals. The absorption and emission properties are investigated and the results are discussed in terms of the energy levels from which the optical transitions occur.
Plant community regulates decomposer response to freezing more strongly than the rate or extent of the freezing regime
Authors: Sistla Seeta A. , Schaeffer Sean , Schimel Joshua P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractArctic tundra ecosystems are warming disproportionately in the winter, including a delayed autumn soil freeze‐up. Because microbial processes are extremely sensitive to change in temperature below freezing, overwinter warming strongly stimulates decomposition and nutrient mineralization and ultimately promotes the conversion of sedge‐dominated tussock tundra into shrub tundra. We characterized the responses of decomposition in shrub tundra and tussock tundra soils to changes in the rate and extent of freezing using laboratory simulations to study a range of active layer freeze‐up scenarios that included variation in time held above 0°C (an acclimation period) and final temperature (−2°C to −20°C). We hypothesized that shrub soil decomposers would be more sensitive to the rate of the freezing process than tussock soil decomposers, but less sensitive to the extent of freezing. Although freezing strongly influenced microbial processes, the effects of freezing tended to not significantly vary across the range freezing regimes tested. Unexpectedly, the tussock‐derived soil decomposer community was more sensitive than shrub‐derived soil to the freezing treatments. Freezing conditions stimulated tussock soil to release more water‐extractable organic carbon (WEOC) that was composed of a greater proportion of microbially derived materials than shrub soil under the same conditions. Freezing‐driven changes in the tussock WEOC pool coincided with reduced microbial decomposer biomass, while the shrub decomposer biomass was relatively insensitive to the freezing treatments. These findings suggest that the microbial community of shrub‐dominated soils is more resistant to the soil freezing process than the tussock‐dominated decomposer community and increases available soil N while reducing labile C release as the soils freeze. Because autumn nutrient dynamics set the stage for overwinter tundra biogeochemical conditions, increasing shrub dominance in tussock tundra may therefore promote both plant N availability and decomposer C limitation during thaw.
National identification and support for discriminatory policies: The mediating role of beliefs about laïcité in France
Authors: Adam‐Troian Jais , Arciszewski Thomas , Apostolidis Themistoklis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn France, laïcité is a legal principle enforcing State secularism. However, research indicates that Modern (vs. traditional) beliefs about laïcité (ML) help legitimate prejudice against minorities. From Social Identity Theory, we hypothesized that ML should be positively linked with national identification, stereotyping, prejudice and support for discrimination. Accordingly, we demonstrate that ML independently predicts support for discriminatory policies (Study 1a, N = 241) and Maghrebi IAT scores (Study 1b, N = 242). ML mediates the link between national identification and Generalized Prejudice (Study 2a, N = 215; Study 2d, N = 114) as well as Support for Discriminatory Policies (Study 2b, N = 250). Experimental corroboration of this mediation was provided (Study 2c, N = 100). An exploratory study showed that priming ML led to more support for discrimination through national identification (Study 3, N = 89). These results reveal the important intergroup regulation feature of ML beliefs in France.
Chiral separation of rasagiline using sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin: capillary electrophoresis, NMR and molecular modeling study
Authors: Szabó Zoltán‐István , Ludmerczki Róbert , Fiser Béla , Noszál Béla , Tóth Gergő 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPressure‐assisted stereospecific capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the determination of enantiomeric purity of the antiparkinsonian agent (R)‐rasagiline. The optimized method, 50 mM glycine‐HCl buffer pH 2, supplied with 30 mM sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin, at 35°C, applying 12 kV in reversed polarity, and –8 mbar pressure (vacuum), short‐end injection with ‐25 mbar × 2 s, was successful for baseline separation of rasagiline enantiomers (Rs = 3.5 ± 0.1) in a short analysis time. The method was validated according to current guidelines and proved to be reliable, linear, precise and accurate for determination of 0.15% S‐enantiomer as chiral impurity in R‐rasagiline sample, as well as quantification of the eutomer. Method application was tested on a commercial tablet formulation. Determination of spatial structure of diastereomeric associates was based on 1H and 2D ROESY NMR, indicating that the aromatic moiety of the molecule can enter the cyclodextrin cavity. NMR titration and molecular modeling revealed that S‐rasagiline formed a more stable inclusion complex with sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin, than its antipode, which is in agreement with electrophoretic results.
Chronotopes of foresight: Models of time‐space in probabilistic, possibilistic and constructivist futures
Authors: Tuomi Ilkka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe concept of chronotope was introduced in the 1920s by the Russian neurophysiologist A.A. Ukhtomsky, and extensively used by Mikhail Bakhtin in his analysis of the development of literary forms. Chronotope structures the possibilities for meaningful action and different chronotopes thus generate different forms of agency and future. In this paper, three approaches to foresight are analyzed, showing how their different chronotopes lead to different ways of understanding the future. We differentiate between probabilistic, possibilistic and constructivist frameworks for foresight. Probabilistic approaches are shown to rely on recursive chronotopes that capture future as a repetition of the past. Possibilistic approaches, here exemplified by the “gold standard” Schwartz/GBN scenario method, are shown to rely on narrative chronotopes that can tell stories of emergent futures and the impact of innovation. Scenario methods, however, describe changes in the environment as forces and trends in a recursive chronotope. As a result, they have limited capacity to address qualitative novelty. In contrast to possibilistic and probabilistic approaches, a constructivist dialogical approach described in this paper explicitly aims at integrating qualitative novelty and radical innovation as important elements of foresight. Constructivist foresight does not aim for “knowing” the future; instead, it aims at creating the future. Knowing when to use these different forms of foresight is an important element in strategy and policy development.
Increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity and connectivity predict poor sertraline treatment outcome in late‐life depression
Authors: Emam Hadeer , Steffens David C. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Wang Lihong 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivePrevious studies of imaging predictors on acute treatment response in late‐life depression (LLD) demonstrated that poor response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is associated with pre‐treatment low functional connectivity (FC) within executive control network and high FC within default‐mode network including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). However, there is less research in regional resting‐state functional activity that explains FC changes related to SSRI response.MethodsThirty‐six older major depressive disorder (MDD) patients not currently on antidepressant treatment had a baseline, pre‐treatment resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, followed by sertraline treatment for 12 weeks. Depression severity was assessed using the Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Subjects whose MADRS score decreased less than 50% from baseline or who discontinued sertraline for any reason were classified as nonresponders (n = 21). Subjects whose 12‐week MADRS score dropped greater than or equal to 50% from baseline were defined as responders (n = 15). We conducted the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and region of interest (ROI)–to‐ROI FC analyses independently. Significance threshold was set at P < 0.05 with false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons.ResultsRelative to the responder group, the nonresponder group showed significantly less ALFF in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and greater ALFF in the vmPFC/subgenual cingulate area. For ROI‐to‐ROI connectivity, there was significantly greater connectivity between the vmPFC and the cerebellar vermis in the nonresponder group.ConclusionOur study highlighted the association of vmPFC resting‐state activity and connectivity with SSRI response. Future studies are warranted for understanding the role of vmPFC‐vermis connectivity in LLD.