bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A propensity index for surface runoff on a karst plateau
Authors: Reszler Christian , Komma Jürgen , Stadler Hermann , Strobl Elmar , Blöschl Günter 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Karst aquifers are an important water resource, but are particularly
vulnerable to pollution due to the typically short residence times. As the
rainwater runs off on the surface it may collect contamination from faeces
and other sources, before infiltrating the surface. It is therefore important to understand
the spatial distribution of the frequency of surface runoff in karst areas.
This paper proposes a new field-mapping method for the ability of the
landscape to produce and convey surface runoff. The mapping method is based
on (i) prior spatial information (e.g. geological map, terrain model), (ii) a
visual assessment from a distance at the landscape scale (e.g. traces of
surface runoff) and (iii) local data collection in the field (e.g. soil
moisture, grain size distribution). The focus on variables that can be
assessed from a distance in the landscape makes the method suitable for
mapping larger areas than traditional field mapping. The mapping method is
developed and tested for the 60 km2 Hochschwab area in Austria. The
field mapping is used to specify a surface runoff propensity index which is
tested against the spatial distribution of observed sink holes in the area.
The mapping indicates that, in the study region, runoff occurs much more
frequently in the poorly karstified dolomitic areas than in the limestone
areas that are highly karstified. On dolomites, low permeable soils or debris
prevail, often resulting in a permanent surface drainage network. On
karstified limestone, sometimes overlaid by debris, surface runoff only
occurs through infiltration excess at high rainfall intensities. Overall the
analyses suggest that the mapping method is suitable for efficiently and
reliably identifying spatial patterns of the ability of the landscape to
produce and convey surface runoff in karst areas.
Towards a comprehensive view of dust events from multiple satellite and ground measurements: exemplified by the May 2017 East Asian dust storm
Authors: She Lu , Xue Yong , Guang Jie , Che Yahui , Fan Cheng , Li Ying , Xie Yanqing 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. One or several aspects of the
source, distribution, transport, and optical properties of airborne dust have
been characterized using different types of satellite and ground
measurements, each with unique advantages. In this study, a dust event that occurred over the
East Asia area in May 2017 was exemplified to demonstrate how all the above-mentioned aspects of a dust event can be pictured by combining the advantages
of different satellite and ground measurements. The data used included the
Himawari-8 satellite Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) true-colour images, the
Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)
Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aerosol vertical
profiles, the Aura satellite Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aerosol index
images, and the ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol
properties and the ground station particulate matter (PM) measurements. From
the multi-satellite/sensor (AHI, CALIOP, and OMI) time series observations,
the dust storm was found to originate from the Gobi Desert on the morning of
3 May 2017 and transport north-eastward to the Bering Sea, eastward to the
Korean Peninsula and Japan, and southward to south-central China. The air
quality in China deteriorated drastically: the PM10 (PM < 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter) concentrations measured at some air quality
stations located in northern China reached 4333 µg m−3. At the
AOE_Baotou, Beijing, Xuzhou-CUMT, and Ussuriysk AERONET sites,
the maximum aerosol optical depth values reached 2.96, 2.13, 2.87, and 0.65
and the extinction Ångström exponent dropped to 0.023, 0.068, 0.03,
and 0.097, respectively. The dust storm also induced unusual aerosol spectral
single-scattering albedo and volume size distribution.
Why All Faculty Should Have a Seat at the Assessment Table
Authors: Danley-Scott Jennifer , Scott Gray 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
While faculty are often treated as a homogenous group in literature discussing student learning outcomes assessment, this should not be the case. Drawing on responses to a national survey, we show that full-time faculty, both tenure-line and non-tenure-line, are likely to be invited to help design and give feedback on assessments implemented in disciplines, institutions, and classes. Full-time faculty are also likely to be invited to interpret the assessment results and offer feedback on how to use the results to close the loop. Part-time faculty members are not as likely as their full-time colleagues to be invited to participate in the various stages of the assessment loop. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Nietzsche: Old and New Questions
Authors: Clark Maudemarie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This essay is one of ten contributions to a special editorial feature in The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 49.2 (Autumn 2018), in which authors were invited to address the following questions: What is the future of Nietzsche studies? What are the most pressing questions its scholars should address? What texts and issues demand our urgent attention? And as we turn to these issues, what methodological and interpretive principles should guide us? The editorship hopes this collection will provide a starting point for discussions about the most fruitful directions for Nietzsche scholarship to take and the most promising avenues for building on the best recent work.
Cambios de código en niños mientras juegan videojuegos
Authors: Robles Hmilowicz Armando 
Published: November 2018

El trabajo analiza los cambios de código en niños bilingües en el contexto de los juegos de vídeo. Para ello emplea el análisis interaccional sobre un corpus integrado por interacciones de una pareja de hermanos con padres mexicanos que viven desde hace 10 años en Estados Unidos, mientras juegan videojuegos. La familia se encuentra de vacaciones en México, por lo que además de interactuar entre sí, los niños interactúan con otros niños (sus primos), dando origen a distintas situaciones comunicativas que son analizadas. Se distingue el uso de dos tipos de cambio de código para el contexto del videojuego: cambios de orientación interna (relacionados directamente con el videojuego) y cambios de orientación externa (no relacionados con el juego en sí). El estudio pone a prueba la utilidad de estas categorías y propone que los cambios de código pueden formar parte de un repertorio de recursos comunicativos que los niños están aprendiendo a utilizar en este contexto novedoso, por lo cual puede resultar interesante desde un punto de vista didáctico.
Editor's Notes
Authors: Dooly Melinda 
Published: November 2018

Comenzamos este volumen con nuestras autores invitadas, la Dra. Annie Pilote, la Dra. Magnan Marie-Odile y la Dra. Cynthia Groff (...) tres artículos son seleccionandos de las Jornadas Interuniversitárias de Investigación en Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura (...).
La cognificació de l'art
Authors: Vilar Roca Gerard 
Published: November 2018

The Cognification of Art

Resum: Amb el terme “cognificació”, un mot pres en préstec de l’argot de la Intel.ligència Artificial, designo alguns dels processos pels quals les obres d’art han anat convertint-se cada cop més en dispositius per a la generació de coneixement. En particular, d’una banda, es tracta en aquest article dels fenòmens d’artificació d’objectes reals, com és el cas de la caixa de sabates de Gabriel Orozco, fenòmens que es remunten als ready-mades de Duchamp i que es generalitzen en el darrer mig segle, i, de l’altra, el fenomen de les pràctiques d’investigació artística que s’han generalitzat en els darrers quinze anys, fenomen que alhora és d’artificació de la recerca. Aquests fenòmens de cognificació, que alhora són d’artificació estètica en sentit fort, plantegen el problema d’en què consisteix de fet la transformació de quelcom en un dispositiu cognitiu artístic. Per aclarir-ho es discuteixen algunes idees de Kant, de Danto i de Deleuze.

Paraules clau: cognificació, artificació, idea estètica, Orozco, Kant, Danto i Deleuze.

Abstract: With the term "cognification", a word borrowed from the jargon of Artificial Intelligence, I designate some of the processes by which works of art have increasingly become devices for the generation of knowledge. In particular, on the one hand, this article deals with the phenomena of artification of real objects such as the shoe box of Gabriel Orozco, phenomena that go back to Duchamp's ready-mades and which are widespread in the last half century, and, on the other hand, the practices of artistic research that have become widespread in the last fifteen years, a phenomenon that is at the same time an artification of research. These phenomena of cognification, which at the same time are examples of aesthetic artification in a strong sense, raise the problem of what the transformation of something into a cognitive artistic device really is. To clarify this, some ideas of Kant, Danto and Deleuze are discussed.

Keywords: cognification, artification, aesthetic idea, Orozco, Kant, Danto, Deleuze.
Assessing distinct patterns of cognitive aging using tissue-specific brain age prediction based on diffusion tensor imaging and brain morphometry
Authors: Richard Geneviève , Kolskår Knut , Sanders Anne-Marthe , Kaufmann Tobias , Petersen Anders , Doan Nhat Trung , Monereo Sánchez Jennifer , Alnæs Dag , Ulrichsen Kristine M. , Dørum Erlend S. , Andreassen Ole A. , Nordvik Jan Egil , Westlye Lars T. 
Published: November 2018

Multimodal imaging enables sensitive measures of the architecture and integrity of the human brain, but the high-dimensional nature of advanced brain imaging features poses inherent challenges for the analyses and interpretations. Multivariate age prediction reduces the dimensionality to one biologically informative summary measure with potential for assessing deviations from normal lifespan trajectories. A number of studies documented remarkably accurate age prediction, but the differential age trajectories and the cognitive sensitivity of distinct brain tissue classes have yet to be adequately characterized. Exploring differential brain age models driven by tissue-specific classifiers provides a hitherto unexplored opportunity to disentangle independent sources of heterogeneity in brain biology. We trained machine-learning models to estimate brain age using various combinations of FreeSurfer based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging based indices of white matter microstructure in 612 healthy controls aged 18–87 years. To compare the tissue-specific brain ages and their cognitive sensitivity, we applied each of the 11 models in an independent and cognitively well-characterized sample (n = 265, 20–88 years). Correlations between true and estimated age and mean absolute error (MAE) in our test sample were highest for the most comprehensive brain morphometry (r = 0.83, CI:0.78–0.86, MAE = 6.76 years) and white matter microstructure (r = 0.79, CI:0.74–0.83, MAE = 7.28 years) models, confirming sensitivity and generalizability. The deviance from the chronological age were sensitive to performance on several cognitive tests for various models, including spatial Stroop and symbol coding, indicating poorer performance in individuals with an over-estimated age. Tissue-specific brain age models provide sensitive measures of brain integrity, with implications for the study of a range of brain disorders.
Genetic assessment of a bighorn sheep population expansion in the Silver Bell Mountains, Arizona
Authors: Erwin John A. , Vargas Karla , Blais Brian R. , Bennett Kendell , Muldoon Julia , Findysz Sarah , Christie Courtney , Heffelfinger James R. , Culver Melanie 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe isolated population of desert bighorn sheep in the Silver Bell Mountains of southern Arizona underwent an unprecedented expansion in merely four years. We hypothesized that immigration from neighboring bighorn sheep populations could have caused the increase in numbers as detected by Arizona Game and Fish Department annual aerial counts.MethodsWe applied a multilocus genetic approach using mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellite markers for genetic analyses to find evidence of immigration. We sampled the Silver Bell Mountains bighorn sheep before (2003) and during (2015) the population expansion, and a small number of available samples from the Gila Mountains (southwestern Arizona) and the Morenci Mine (Rocky Mountain bighorn) in an attempt to identify the source of putative immigrants and, more importantly, to serve as comparisons for genetic diversity metrics.ResultsWe did not find evidence of substantial gene flow into the Silver Bell Mountains population. We did not detect any new mitochondrial haplotypes in the 2015 bighorn sheep samples. The microsatellite analyses detected only one new allele, in one individual from the 2015 population that was not detected in the 2003 samples. Overall, the genetic diversity of the Silver Bell Mountains population was lower than that seen in either the Gila population or the Morenci Mine population.DiscussionEven though the results of this study did not help elucidate the precise reason for the recent population expansion, continued monitoring and genetic sampling could provide more clarity on the genetic demographics of this population.
Targeting HER2 in patient‐derived xenograft ovarian cancer models sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy
Authors: Harris Faye R. , Zhang Piyan , Yang Lin , Hou Xiaonan , Leventakos Konstantinos , Weroha Saravut J. , Vasmatzis George , Kovtun Irina V. 
Published: November 2018

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. About 75% of ovarian cancer patients relapse and/or develop chemo‐resistant disease after initial response to standard‐of‐care treatment with platinum‐based therapies. HER2 amplifications and overexpression in ovarian cancer are reported to vary, and responses to HER2 inhibitors have been poor. Next generation sequencing technologies in conjunction with testing using patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) allow validation of personalized treatments. Using a whole‐genome mate‐pair next generation sequencing (MPseq) protocol, we identified several high grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS‐OC) with DNA alterations in genes encoding members of the ERBB2 pathway. The efficiency of anti‐HER2 therapy was tested in three different PDX lines with the identified alterations and high levels of HER2 protein expression. Treatment responses to pertuzumab or pertuzumab/trastuzumab were compared in each PDX line WITH standard carboplatin and paclitaxel combination treatment. In all three PDX models, HER2‐targeted therapy resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth compared with untreated controls. However, the responses in each case were inferior to those to chemotherapy, even for chemo‐resistant lines. When chemotherapy and HER2‐targeted therapy were administered together, a significant regression of tumor was observed after 6 weeks of treatment compared with chemotherapy alone. Post‐treatment analysis of these tissues revealed that inhibition of the ERBB2 pathway occurred at the level of phosphorylation and expression of downstream targets. In conclusion, while targeting of presumably activated ERBB2 pathway alone in HGS‐OC results in a modest treatment benefit, a combination therapy including both chemotherapy drugs and HER2 inhibitors provides a far better response. Further studies are needed to address development of recurrence and sensitivity of recurrent disease to HER2‐targeted therapy.
Protein‐Based Hydrogels that Actuate Self‐Folding Systems
Authors: Gomes Conor M. , Liu Chang , Paten Jeffrey A. , Felton Samuel M. , Deravi Leila F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn approach to build a chemomechatronic system inspired by self‐folding robots is described. This system, which comprises a protein‐based hydrogel bound to a low‐profile laminate, responds to different aqueous environments by undergoing geometric transformations. This response is dependent on the thickness and stiffness of the templating hydrogel, which directly regulates the diffusion of water into and out of the platform to initiate its reversible shape changes. When modified to include more complex geometries, these controllable shape changes can also be used to selectively trigger multiple folding events, illustrating a new platform for chemically initiated mechatronic devices. Together, these data show how compositionally discrete components are physically, chemically, and mechanically coupled together to generate a new actuator for biohybrid self‐folding systems.
Molybdenum Oxide Nanosheets with Tunable Plasmonic Resonance: Aqueous Exfoliation Synthesis and Charge Storage Applications
Authors: Etman Ahmed S. , Wang Ligang , Edström Kristina , Nyholm Leif , Sun Junliang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHerein, a simple aqueous‐exfoliation strategy is introduced for the fabrication of a series of MoO3−x nanosheets (where x stands for oxygen vacancies) using two commercial molybdenum oxide precursors, MoO2 and MoO3. The nanosheets offer a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect which is dependent on the structure and local environment of the nanosheets. The LSPR can be efficiently tuned by changing the weight ratio between the molybdenum oxide precursor(s) and/or by solar light irradiation using a low‐energy UV lamp (36 W). For the pristine MoO3−x nanosheets, the highest LSPR signal is obtained for nanosheets prepared using 80% MoO2. On the contrary, after solar light irradiation, the nanosheets prepared using pure MoO3 offer the highest LSPR response. The nanosheets also show an outstanding rate capability when used as binder‐free supercapacitor electrodes in an acidified Na2SO4 electrolyte. The electrodes exhibit discharge capacities of 110 and 75 C g−1 at a scan rate of 20 and 1000 mV s−1, respectively. The MoO3−x nanosheets can likewise be used as a negative electrode material for lithium‐ion batteries. The efficient eco‐friendly synthesis and the ability to tune the photochemical and electrochemical properties of the nanosheets make this approach interesting to many energy‐related research fields.
Thermochromism from Ultrathin Colloidal Sb2Se3 Nanowires Undergoing Reversible Growth and Dissolution in an Amine–Thiol Mixture
Authors: Wu Wen‐Ya , Xu Yang , Ong Xuanwei , Bhatnagar Sumit , Chan Yinthai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLiquid‐based thermochromics can be incorporated into an arbitrarily shaped container and provide a visual map of the temperature changes within its volume. However, photochemical degradation, narrow temperature range of operation, and the need for stringent encapsulation processes are challenges that can limit their widespread use. Here, a unique solution‐based thermochromic comprising ultrathin colloidal Sb2Se3 nanowires in an amine–thiol mixture is introduced. The nanowires undergo reversible growth and dissolution with repeated cycles of heating and cooling between 20 and 160 °C, exhibiting intense and contrasting color changes during these processes. Furthermore, the transition temperature in which a change in color first appears can be continuously tuned over a range larger than 100 °C by introducing controlled amounts of Sn2+. The colloidal nanowire dispersion in the amine–thiol mixture retains its thermochromic properties over hundreds of temperature cycles, continuous heating at 80 °C over months, and shelf life of up to 2 years in an open container under ambient conditions. To illustrate its utility as a robust liquid thermochromic, the nanowire solution is coated onto standard filter paper and its uses as a rewritable surface by thermal scribing, as well as an inexpensive means of visualizing the temperature distribution of an anisotropically heated block are demonstrated.
Tin‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles from Nitriles: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Procedures
Authors: Chrétien Jean‐Mathieu , Kerric Gaelle , Zammattio Françoise , Galland Nicolas , Paris Michael , Quintard Jean‐Paul , Le Grognec Erwan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe preparation of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles was efficiently achieved by reaction of trimethylsilylazide with nitriles using a triorganotin alkoxide precatalyst. The reaction mechanism was first investigated using a homogeneous tributyltin derivative and was explored through experimental investigations and DFT calculations. A heterogeneous version was then developed using a polymer‐supported organotin alkoxide and afforded an efficient method for the preparation of tetrazoles in high yields with an easy work‐up and a residual tin concentration in the desired products compatible for pharmaceutical applications (less than 10 ppm).magnified image
Understanding of Anion Transport in Polymer Electrolytes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Tong , Hu Jingzhi , Wei Bingqing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPolymer electrolytes are critical to solid‐state energy storage devices because of their electrical/mechanical/thermal stability. The energy storage mechanisms of supercapacitors call for a higher degree of anion transports in the polymer electrolytes. Therefore, the improvement of anions transport is critical to the performance of supercapacitors. However, the underlying transport mechanisms of different anions in the polymer electrolyte system has rarely been studied. In the present study, by molecular modeling, it is understood and demonstrated that different anions adapt to different transfer mechanisms in the polymer electrolytes during the charging/discharging process, allowing one to tune the anion transport by either adjusting the polymer structures or change the anion types. For the H2SO4‐poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based system, the diffusion of anions is more significant, while the H3PO4‐PVA system relies on the alignment of anions to the electrical field. The fundamental understanding will guide polymer electrolyte design for the solid‐state energy storage devices.
Expert consensus on clinical assessment and intervention of vascular aging in China (2018)
Authors: Zhang Cuntai , Tao Jun ,   Cardiovascular Group, Society of Geriatrics, Chinese Medical Association
Published: November 2018

AbstractWith the development of geriatric medicine, more and more reported research has found that as humans grow old, their blood vessels also age. Blood vessels are vital components of various organs. Vascular aging is an important physiological and pathological basis for the aging of organs and systems of the human body and is the common pathogenesis of various chronic diseases in the elderly. Early detection of vascular aging and the use of correct methods to delay and treat vascular aging are of great significance to prevent and control chronic diseases in the elderly and to deal with the increasingly serious problems of population aging. For this purpose, this consensus is formulated for use by geriatric doctors and related personnel.