bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid Arthritis of Knee Joints: MRI–Pathological Correlation
Authors: Meng Xiang‐hong , Wang Zhi , Zhang Xue‐ning , Xu Jin , Hu Yong‐cheng 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation between features of knee joint rheumatoid arthritis (RA) identified on MRI and histological examination as a means of elucidating the pathogenesis of joint destruction in RA.MethodsThis is a prospective analysis of 26 knee joints of 22 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the treatment of RA. Based on the degree of destruction of articular cartilage and the menisci, the occurrence of bone marrow edema and bone erosion, and synovial thickening, the stage of the knee joints were classified using MRI by two radiologists. Differences in the severity of destruction of the articular cartilage of the medial and lateral femoral condyles and medial and lateral tibial plateaus, the medial and lateral menisci, and bone were compared using analysis of variance with a post‐hoc test, and the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Samples of cartilage, subchondral bone, menisci, and synovium were obtained from the resected knee specimens during TKA and analyzed semiquantitatively using microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Histological differences between areas of bone erosion and bone marrow edema were evaluated using a Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsThe extent of articular destruction was classified as grade 4 for the medial and lateral femoral condyles and the medial and lateral tibial plateaus for most patients, with an average destruction grade of 3.6 (F = 5.455, P = 0.002), with the least amount of destruction identified on the lateral femoral condyle. The majority of knee joints in the RA patients were at stage 3 (21/26, 80.8%), followed by stage 4 (4/26, 15.4%). Fibrosis, thinning and destruction, and hyperplasia were the most severe pathological changes in cartilage. In a total of 26 specimens, 36 areas of bone marrow edema and 68 areas of bone erosion were identified, with fibrosis, a mosaic structure of bone, and lymphocyte infiltration being the most severe changes in these areas. The degree of meniscus destruction was classified as grade 4 in the majority patients for both the medial and lateral meniscus, with an average degree of meniscal destruction over all specimens of 3.85, and greater destruction of the medial meniscus than of the lateral meniscus (Z = 2.062, P = 0.039). Fibrosis and engulfing calcified debris were the most severe pathological manifestations. Synovitis was also identified in all 26 specimens, with hyperplasia of intima cells and lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration being the most severe pathological manifestations.ConclusionsSevere destruction of the articular cartilage and menisci is a characteristic feature of RA. Bone marrow edema and bone erosion can both also be found, but are less characteristic. Synovial infiltration may be the triggering mechanism of the destruction of the cartilage, menisci, and bone marrow. However, the origin of bone marrow edema requires further investigation.
Evaluation of the effects of initial water temperature and curing time on fiberglass cast strength
Authors: Pérez‐Nogués Marcos , Dechant Julie E. , Garcia‐Nolen Tanya , Stover Susan M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of water temperature and cure time on cast strength.Study designProspective randomized experimental study.MethodsTwo water temperatures were tested, 23°C (cold) and 42°C (warm). Cast constructs were made of 4‐inch fiberglass casting material over a rubber mandrel. Each construct was divided into 3 segments and tested in 4‐point bending at 0.5, 1, and 24 hours. Stiffness and bending moment, cumulative energy, and angular deformation at yield and failure were recorded and analyzed by using repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsMean time ± SD to complete the construct was 2.2 ± 0.8 and 2.3 ± 0.6 minutes for warm and cold water, respectively. Warm water and longer cure times produced constructs with greater stiffness (23.05 vs 20.88 newton‐meter degrees [Nm°] at 0.5 hours), bending moment (121.75 vs 107.31 Nm° at 0.5 hours), and cumulative energy (557.33 vs 428.89 Nm° at 1 hour) at yield and failure. Longer cure time significantly increased angular deformation of rods at failure; however, water temperature did not. In general, the strongest casts were produced with warm water and after curing for 24 hours.ConclusionFiberglass casts continued to gain strength for at least 24 hours. Use of warm water increased the rate of curing, resulting in stronger constructs at earlier time points.Clinical significanceUse of warm water is recommended to initiate fiberglass cast curing, especially if the casted limb will be loaded soon after cast application.
Healthcare costs attributable to congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Korndewal Marjolein J , Weltevrede Marlies , van den Akker-van Marle M Elske , Oudesluys-Murphy Anne Marie , de Melker Hester E , Vossen Ann C T M 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveCongenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) can cause symptoms at birth as well as long-term impairment. This study estimates cCMV-related healthcare costs in the Netherlands in early childhood.Design, setting and patientsIn a nationwide retrospective cohort study, 156 children with cCMV were identified by testing 31 484 neonatal dried blood spots for cCMV. Use of healthcare resources in the first 6 years of life by children with cCMV and a matched cCMV-negative control group were analysed. Mean costs per child were calculated by multiplying healthcare resource use by its reference prices.ExposureChildren with cCMV were compared with cCMV-negative children.Main outcome measuresThe average total healthcare costs per child were based on the average costs for hospital admissions and consultations by healthcare providers.ResultsMean healthcare costs of children with cCMV (€6113, n=133) were higher than children without cCMV (€3570, n=274), although statistically not significant, with a mean difference of €2544 (95% CI €-451 to €5538). The costs of children with long-term impairment were two times higher in children with cCMV (€17 205) compared with children without cCMV (€8332).ConclusionsChildren with cCMV, especially those with long-term impairment and those symptomatic at birth, accrue higher healthcare costs than cCMV-negative children in the first 6 years of life, although this is not statistically significant. This economic impact is of importance in the evaluation of preventive measures against cCMV.Trial registration numberNTR3582.
Predicting inflammatory bowel disease in children with abdominal pain and diarrhoea: calgranulin-C versus calprotectin stool tests
Authors: Heida Anke , Van de Vijver Els , van Ravenzwaaij Don , Van Biervliet Stephanie , Hummel Thalia Z , Yuksel Zehre , Gonera-de Jong Gieneke , Schulenberg Renate , Muller Kobold Anneke , van Rheenen Patrick Ferry 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveCalgranulin-C (S100A12) is a new faecal marker of inflammation that is potentially more specific for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than calprotectin, since it is only released by activated granulocytes. We compared calgranulin-C and calprotectin to see which of the two tests best predicted IBD in children with chronic abdominal pain and diarrhoea.DesignDelayed-type cross-sectional diagnostic study.Setting and patientsPreviously undiagnosed patients aged 6–17 years, who were seen in paediatric clinics in the Netherlands and Belgium, sent in a stool sample for analysis. Patients with a high likelihood of IBD underwent upper and lower endoscopy (ie, preferred reference test), while those with a low likelihood were followed for 6 months for latent IBD to become visible (ie, alternative reference test). We used Bayesian modelling to correct for differential verification bias.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was the specificity for IBD using predefined test thresholds (calgranulin-C: 0.75 µg/g, calprotectin: 50 µg/g). Secondary outcome was the test accuracy with thresholds based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.ResultsIBD was diagnosed in 93 of 337 patients. Calgranulin-C had significantly better specificity than calprotectin when predefined thresholds were used (97% (95% credible interval (CI) 94% to 99%) vs 71% (95% CI 63% to 79%), respectively). When ROC-based thresholds were used (calgranulin-C: 0.75 µg/g, calprotectin: 400 µg/g), both tests performed equally well (specificity: 97% (95% CI 94% to 99%) vs 98% (95% CI 95% to 100%)).ConclusionsBoth calgranulin-C and calprotectin have excellent test characteristics to predict IBD and justify endoscopy.Trial registration numberNCT02197780.
Italian real-life experience on the use of ocriplasmin
Authors: Barca Francesco , Mucciolo Dario Pasquale , Caporossi Tomaso , Virgili Gianni , Tartaro Ruggero , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the success of an intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin to release symptomatic vitreomacular traction (VMT) and close a full-thickness macular hole.Methods and analysisAn observational retrospective multicentre study conducted in Italy. Patients with symptomatic distortion and loss of vision secondary to VMT were included in the study. The patients received a single injection of ocriplasmin and were followed up for 1, 3 and 6 months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral domani OCT (SD-OCT) were performed for patient assessment, and adverse events were recorded and analysed.Results74 patients (74 eyes) were included in the study. 44 of 74 eyes (59.5%) experienced complete release of the VMT. Macular hole closure was obtained in eight eyes (40%). BCVA improved about three lines after 3 months of follow-up in the patients with VMT resolution in comparison with the patients who did not have VMT resolution (p<0.0001). In 55/74 eyes of 55 patients (74.3%), no adverse events were reported, and most of them were transitory (17/19; 89.5%). The mean time to resolve VMT was 27.4±21.9 days. No cases of retinal tear, retinal detachment or lens destabilisation were observed.ConclusionOcriplasmin is a potential alternative treatment for patients with symptomatic VMT and has a good safety profile. A more careful selection of patients, in clinical practice, may increase the success rate.
E-cigarette users commonly stealth vape in places where e-cigarette use is prohibited
Authors: Yingst Jessica M , Lester Courtney , Veldheer Susan , Allen Sophia I , Du Ping , Foulds Jonathan 
Published: August 2018

Introduction‘Stealth vaping’ is the practice of vaping discreetly in places where electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is prohibited. While anecdotal evidence suggests that stealth vaping is common, there have been no formal studies of the behaviour. The purpose of this study is to examine stealth vaping behaviour among experienced e-cigarette users.MethodsData were collected from the follow-up survey of a large longitudinal cohort study of adult experienced e-cigarette users conducted in January 2017. To measure stealth vaping behaviour, participants were asked ‘Have you ever ‘stealth vaped’, that is to say, used an e-cig in a public place where it was not approved and attempted to conceal your e-cig use? (yes/no)’. Participants indicating yes completed additional questions about the frequency of stealth vaping and were asked to select all the locations where they commonly stealth vape. Frequencies were used to examine the overall prevalence, frequency and common locations for stealth vaping. A logistic regression model was run to predict stealth vaping.ResultsApproximately two-thirds (64.3%, n=297/462) of the sample reported ever stealth vaping, of which 52.5% (n=156/297) reported stealth vaping in the past week. Among stealth vapers (n=297), 31% reported owning a smaller device solely for stealth vaping. The most common places to stealth vape included at work (46.8%), followed by bars/nightclubs (42.1%), restaurants (37.7%), at the movies (35.4%) and in airports/on airplanes (11.7%). Predictors of stealth vaping were greater dependence and owning a smaller device solely for stealth vaping.ConclusionsStealth vaping is a common behaviour for many experienced e-cigarette users. More research is needed to understand the reasons for stealth vaping and its potential health and safety implications. This information could help researchers and regulators to design interventions to minimise the public health impact of stealth vaping.
Combined Inhibition of PI3Kβ and mTOR Inhibits Growth of PTEN-null Tumors
Authors: Lynch James T. , Polanska Urszula M. , Hancox Ursula , Delpuech Oona , Maynard Juliana , Trigwell Catherine , Eberlein Catherine , Lenaghan Carol , Polanski Radoslaw , Avivar-Valderas Alvaro , Cumberbatch Marie , Klinowska Teresa , Critchlow Susan E. , Cruzalegui Francisco , Barry Simon T. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN confers a tumor cell dependency on the PI3Kβ isoform. Achieving maximal inhibition of tumor growth through PI3K pathway inhibition requires sustained inhibition of PI3K signaling; however, efficacy is often limited by suboptimal inhibition or reactivation of the pathway. To select combinations that deliver comprehensive suppression of PI3K signaling in PTEN-null tumors, the PI3Kβ inhibitor AZD8186 was combined with inhibitors of kinases implicated in pathway reactivation in an extended cell proliferation assay. Inhibiting PI3Kβ and mTOR gave the most effective antiproliferative effects across a panel of PTEN-null tumor cell lines. The combination of AZD8186 and the mTOR inhibitor vistusertib was also effective in vivo controlling growth of PTEN-null tumor models of TNBC, prostate, and renal cancers. In vitro, the combination resulted in increased suppression of pNDRG1, p4EBP1, as well as HMGCS1 with reduced pNDRG1 and p4EBP1 more closely associated with effective suppression of proliferation. In vivo biomarker analysis revealed that the monotherapy and combination treatment consistently reduced similar biomarkers, while combination increased nuclear translocation of the transcription factor FOXO3 and reduction in glucose uptake. These data suggest that combining the PI3Kβ inhibitor AZD8186 and vistusertib has potential to be an effective combination treatment for PTEN-null tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2309–19. ©2018 AACR.
‘Mixed Emotions’: Love, Resentment and the Declaration of Independence
Authors: Temple Kathryn 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This essay explores the value of the ‘mixed emotions’ of love and resentment for constitutional patriotism through a close reading of the Declaration of Independence set in the context of first, the history of resentment, and secondly, theories of justice. After introducing the conceptual framework through a discussion of mixed emotions and constitutional patriotism, the essay turns to a discussion of the Declaration as a ‘sticky’ emotional object meant to evoke both love and resentment. A brief historical account of shifts in understandings of resentment suggests the value of this emotion as a democratic emotion related to justice. Finally, the essay offers some contemporary examples of expressions of resentment in relation to the Declaration to advocate for a redirection of resentment. It concludes by arguing that the love for democratic ideals is inseparable from the resentment inspired by failing to enact those ideals in daily life. Thus, resentment, if directed at the appropriate targets, can be a useful emotion for mobilising constitutional patriotism.
Performing Justice
Authors: Allen Jessie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Formal legal process is sometimes viewed as a rational intervention in bias, including the emotional biases stirred by ‘constitutional patriotism’. At the same time, critics have attacked the histrionic aspects of legal process as a trumped-up show that manipulates our emotions. I agree that adjudication is a performance, but I believe the very obvious artificiality of that performance may be its saving grace. The critique of what Jeremy Bentham called ‘theatre of justice’ ignores the way we see through the artifice of judicial process, even as we are morally and emotionally stirred by its effects. Courtroom performances do not produce objectively unbiased and uniquely correct legal outcomes. But they may provide some legitimacy for enforcing those outcomes by enacting a patently illusory ideal justice and confronting us with the gap between that ideal and our lived reality.
Collective Emotions, History Writing and Change: The Case of the Pataria (Milan, Eleventh Century)
Authors: Nagy Piroska 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
What are collective emotions and how should we deal with accounts of them in historical narratives? Addressing these questions through a case study of the movement of the Pataria in Milan (1057−1075), this essay reflects on some mechanisms used to assign collective emotions by authors of medieval narratives. It argues that while individual and collective emotions are not distinct in the Latin vocabulary of eleventh-century texts, the authors still had a clear idea of what we call collective emotions, which they closely linked to political mobilisation and upheaval. Although the assignation of emotions to public actors formed part of a rhetoric of denigration, the essay argues that one cannot understand public emotions in these texts solely as a rhetorical effect within what Ranajit Guha calls ‘the prose of counter-insurgency’.
Making the Charter Great: Claiming Rights in Law’s Visual and Emotional Vernacular
Authors: Halliday Paul D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Magna Carta is great not because of its words; it is great because it long ago became an icon through which we envision an expanding array of rights. Lawyers ca.1600 began its transformation from text to icon. Non-lawyers took up this process, invoking the Charter-as-icon to make new demands of what law must be. Eighteenth-century caricaturists made the Charter a literal icon, by which rights of all kinds might be asserted and defended. The visual language of satire provoked emotional engagement with the Charter as the chief means for rights claiming. The Charter, its text long obscured, continues to work at a visceral level, making it the means by which people around the world claim rights as citizens of individual states and as humans under international law. In this way, a peculiarly English constitutional patriotism has produced a global idiom for asserting rights.
A Critique of ‘Literary Worlds’ in World Literature Theory
Authors: Johnson Ryan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Recently, critics of world literature such as Alexander Beecroft, Eric Hayot, and Haun Saussy have argued that a multitude of possible literary worlds make up the world of world literature. Literary worlds theory provides a richer and more relativistic account of how literary production and analysis work than do similar models such as Franco Moretti’s and Pascale Casanova’s world literary systems. However, the theory runs into two difficulties: it downplays the socio-historical situation of the critic and the text; and it has difficulty accounting for the cross-world identity of characters and how logically inconsistent worlds access one another. To refine the theory, I modify G.E.R. Lloyd’s concept of the “multidimensionality” of reality and literature. Strengthening Lloyd’s concept through reference to recent work in comparative East-West philosophy, I contend that the addition of Lloyd’s theory resolves the problems presented above while still allowing for a relativistic critical approach to world literature.
Problems of Personality
Authors: Myers Garry Cleveland 
Published: August 2018

Author, “The Learner and His Attitude,” “The Modern Parent,” “Building Personality in the Child.” II—When Pupils Ask Questions in Class “We unfortunately tend to be so encumbered by our school program that we are apt to feel annoyed often by the pupil's questions. Most annoyed are we when he asks us a question that we cannot answer.”
Patient-targeted googling and psychiatric professionals
Authors: Gershengoren Liliya 
Published: August 2018

Objective This is a pilot study which assesses the beliefs of psychiatric professionals regarding obtaining patient information via the Internet as well as the frequency with which they do it in a variety of clinical settings. Methods Psychiatry faculty and residents were asked to participate in an anonymous online survey about their use of the search engine Google to find information about their patients. Data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel. Results The participants included 48 faculty and 34 residents (118 faculty and 44 residents were surveyed) with response rates of 41% and 77%, respectively. Majority of attending physicians and residents reported engaging in patient-targeted googling with no significant difference between the groups. Residents were most likely to search for patient information online in the psychiatric emergency room (45%). Psychiatric emergency room (36.8%) and private practice (31.6%) were notable clinical settings for obtaining further patient information on the Internet for the faculty. When describing reasons for engaging in patient-targeted googling, “patient care” was cited about twice as often as “curiosity” in the psychiatric emergency room, whereas “curiosity” and “patient care” were reasons mentioned in other clinical settings. In general, neither faculty nor residents report informing their patients of their Internet searches either before or after engaging in patient-targeted googling. Conclusion This study raises important questions about education for trainees and faculty regarding patient-targeted googling.