bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of mothers with preterm babies at a Mother and Baby Unit of a tertiary hospital: A descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Lomotey Alberta Yemotsoo , Bam Victoria , Diji Abigail Kusi‐Amponsah , Asante Ernest , Asante Hannah Boatemaa , Osei Joyce 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo describe the lived experiences of mothers with preterm babies at a Mother and Baby Unit (MBU) of a tertiary hospital.DesignA descriptive phenomenological approach.MethodTen mothers were purposively sampled during the month of May, 2017 to describe their experiences of having preterm babies. Recorded in‐depth individual interviews were transcribed verbatim; codes were generated and inductively organised into themes.ResultsFour themes were actively generated: ‘Emotional experiences of mothers’, ‘Mother‐baby interaction’, ‘Perception on care and support’ and ‘Challenges within Mother and Baby Unit environment’. Mothers were anxious about the premature delivery and were afraid of possible infant's death. They cherished interactions with their babies during kangaroo mother care and breastfeeding. Mothers applauded the nurses for their professional competence. They expressed concerns about inadequate accommodation, high cost of care, the frequency and duration of mother–baby interactions.
Elements in scenario‐based simulation associated with nursing students' self‐confidence and satisfaction: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Olaussen Camilla , Heggdal Kristin , Tvedt Christine Raaen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo identify elements in scenario‐based simulation associated with nursing students' satisfaction with the simulation activity and self‐confidence in managing the simulated patient situation. The study will provide insight to improve the use of simulation as a learning strategy.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodThe Student Satisfaction and Self‐Confidence in Learning scale was used as the outcome measure to identify associations with elements of the Simulation Design Scale and the Educational Practices Questionnaire scale after scenario‐based simulation using patient simulators. First‐year nursing students at a university college in Norway (N = 202) were invited to participate and (N = 187) responded to the questionnaires.ResultsThe mean scores for self‐confidence and satisfaction were 4.16 and 4.57, respectively. In the final multiple linear regression analysis, active learning was associated with satisfaction with the simulation activity, while clear objectives and active learning were associated with self‐confidence in managing the simulated patient situation.
General and Scalable Fabrication of Core–Shell Metal Sulfides@C Anchored on 3D N‐Doped Foam toward Flexible Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Xiangdong , Xiong Xunhui , Zou Pinjuan , Liu Weizhen , Wang Fei , Liang Longwei , Liu Yong , Yuan Changzhou , Lin Zhang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFlexible self‐standing transitional metal sulfides (TMSs)/carbon nanoarchitectures have attracted widespread research interests for sodium ion batteries (SIBs), thanks to their enormous capability to address intrinsic issues of TMSs for SIBs applications. However, controllable synthesis of hierarchical hybrid structures is always laborious and involves complicated procedures. Herein, a simple yet general and scalable adsorption‐annealing strategy is first devised to finely construct core–shell carbon‐coated TMSs (TMSs@C, including Co9S8@C, FeS@C, Ni3S2@C, MnS@C, and ZnS@C) nanoparticles anchored on 3D N‐doped carbon foam (3DNCF) via the coordination and hydrogen‐bond adsorption. Benefiting from synergistic contributions from strong chemical affinity between nanodimensional TMSs and 3DNCF, efficient electronic/ionic transport channels, as well as a uniform carbon accommodating layer, the resulted self‐standing TMSs@C/3DNCF electrodes exhibit distinguished sodium storage performances, including large reversible capacities, high rate behaviors, and exceptional long‐span cycle stability in both half cells and flexible full devices. More significantly, the smart methodology developed holds huge promise for commercialization of binder‐free TMSs@C/3DNCF anodes toward advanced flexible SIBs.
Hofmeister Effect‐Aided Assembly of Enhanced Hydrogel Supercapacitor with Excellent Interfacial Contact and Reliability
Authors: Wei Junjie , Wang Qigang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe hydrogel electrolyte has been researched extensively to meet the multifunctional demands for energy storage devices. However, due to the weak mechanical strength of hydrogel electrolytes, the poor interfacial contact between electrolyte and electrode, and the conflict between mechanical strength and interface, the reliability and interfacial needed are needed to be further improved. Herein, an extremely tough poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel electrolyte and a novel “two‐step” in situ assembly method for supercapacitors are developed utilizing the Hofmeister effect on PVA molecules. The supercapacitor assembled by this method exhibits excellent performance, especially in reliability and interfacial properties, attributed to the ultrahigh mechanical properties and the unique interface binding phase. The investigation offers a simple and versatile way to construct next generation multifunctional solid‐state energy storage devices with superior safety, stability, and environmental adaptability.
Trace amounts of African swine fever virus DNA detected in insects collected from an infected pig farm in Estonia
Authors: Herm Reet , Tummeleht Lea , Jürison Margret , Vilem Annika , Viltrop Arvo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAfrican swine fever (ASF), a severe multi‐systemic disease in pigs, was introduced into Estonia in 2014. The majority of outbreaks have occurred during the summer months. Given that ASFV is transmitted in a sylvatic cycle that includes the transmission by African soft ticks and that mechanical transmission by flying insects was shown, transmission by other arthropod vectors need to be considered.ObjectivesHere, we report the results of a pilot study on flying insects caught on an outbreak farm during epidemiological investigations.MethodsIn brief, 15 different insect species (flies and mosquitoes) were collected by random catch using an aerial net. Nucleic acids derived from these samples or their pools were tested for African swine fever virus (ASFV) DNA by real‐time PCR.Results and ConclusionsViral DNA was detected in small quantities in two samples from flies and mosquitoes. Given the slow spread of virus within the farm, the impact of these findings seems rather low, but a role in local transmission cannot be ruled out. However, given the very low number of insects sampled, and taken into the account that viral isolation was not performed and insects outside the farm were not investigated, future investigations are needed to assess the true impact of insects as mechanical vectors.
Market power in bilateral oligopoly markets with non-expandable infrastructures
Authors: Funaki Yukihiko , Houba Harold , Motchenkova Evgenia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We develop a novel model of price-fee competition in bilateral oligopoly markets with non-expandable infrastructures and costly transportation. The model captures a variety of real market situations and it is the continuous quantity version of the assignment game with indivisible goods on a fixed network. We define and characterize stable market outcomes. Buyers exclusively trade with the supplier with whom they achieve maximal bilateral joint welfare at prices equal to marginal costs. Maximal fees and the suppliers’ market power are restricted by the buyers’ credible threats to switch suppliers. Maximal fees also arise from a negotiation model that extends price competition to price-fee competition. Competition in both prices and fees necessarily emerges. It improves welfare compared to price competition, but buyers will not be better off. The minimal infrastructure achieving maximal aggregate welfare differs from the minimal network that protects buyers most.
Myocardial bridging is an independent predictor of positive spasm provocation testing by intracoronary ergonovine injections: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Arai Riku , Kano Hiroto , Suzuki Shinya , Semba Hiroaki , Arita Takuto , Yagi Naoharu , Otsuka Takayuki , Matsuno Shunsuke , Matsuhama Minoru , Kato Yuko , Uejima Tokuhisa , Oikawa Yuji , Okumura Yasuo , Yajima Junji , Yamashita Takeshi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The relationship between myocardial bridging (MB) and coronary spasms during spasm provocation testing (SPT) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether MB was correlated with the SPT by ergonovine (ER) injections in a retrospective observational study. Of the 3340 patients who underwent a first coronary angiography, 166 underwent SPT using ER injections and were divided into 2 groups: MB(+) (n = 23), and MB(−) (n = 143). MB was defined as an angiographic reduction in the diameter of the coronary artery during systole. The patients who had severe organic stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery were excluded. The MB(+) group more frequently had diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, and a thicker interventricular septum thickness. The rate of SPT-positivity was higher in the MB(+) group than MB(−) group (56.5% vs. 22.4%, P = 0.001). A multivariate regression analysis showed that the presence of MB was independently associated with SPT-positivity (odds ratio 5.587, 95% confidence interval 2.061–15.149, P = 0.001). In conclusion, coronary spasms during provocation tests with ER independently correlated with the MB. MB may predict coronary spasms.
The value of a liability cash flow in discrete time subject to capital requirements
Authors: Engsner Hampus , Lindensjö Kristoffer , Lindskog Filip 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to define the market-consistent multi-period value of an insurance liability cash flow in discrete time subject to repeated capital requirements, and explore its properties. In line with current regulatory frameworks, the presented approach is based on a hypothetical transfer of the original liability and a replicating portfolio to an empty corporate entity, whose owner must comply with repeated one-period capital requirements but has the option to terminate the ownership at any time. The value of the liability is defined as the no-arbitrage price of the cash flow to the policyholders, optimally stopped from the owner’s perspective, taking capital requirements into account. The value is computed as the solution to a sequence of coupled optimal stopping problems or, equivalently, as the solution to a backward recursion.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of fulvestrant in preclinical models of breast cancer to assess the importance of its estrogen receptor-α degrader activity in antitumor efficacy
Authors: Wardell Suzanne E. , Yllanes Alexander P. , Chao Christina A. , Bae Yeeun , Andreano Kaitlyn J. , Desautels Taylor K. , Heetderks Kendall A. , Blitzer Jeremy T. , Norris John D. , McDonnell Donald P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeFulvestrant is a selective estrogen receptor downregulator (SERD) that is approved for first- or second-line use as a single agent or in combination with cyclin dependent kinase or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Fulvestrant exhibits exceptionally effective antitumor activity in preclinical models of breast cancer, a success that has been attributed to its robust SERD activity despite modest receptor downregulation in patient tumors. By modeling human exposures in animal models we probe the absolute need for SERD activity.MethodsThree xenograft models of endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer were used to evaluate the efficacy of fulvestrant administered in doses historically used in preclinical studies in the field or by using a dose regimen intended to model clinical exposure levels. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were conducted to evaluate plasma exposure and intratumoral ER downregulation.ResultsA clinically relevant 25 mg/kg dose of fulvestrant exhibited antitumor efficacy comparable to the historically used 200 mg/kg dose, but at this lower dose it did not result in robust ER downregulation. Further, the antitumor efficacy of the lower dose of fulvestrant was comparable to that observed for other oral SERDs currently in development.ConclusionThe use of clinically unachievable exposure levels of fulvestrant as a benchmark in preclinical development of SERDs may negatively impact the selection of those molecules that are advanced for clinical development. Further, these studies suggest that antagonist efficacy, as opposed to SERD activity, is likely to be the primary driver of clinical response.
Long-term outcome of spiral ileal neobladder with orthotopic ureteral reimplantation
Authors: Zhong Huan , Shen Yuefan , Yao Zixiang , Chen Xiaonong , Gao Jianguo , Xiang Anping , Wang Weigao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze long-term complications, urodynamics, and quality of life (QoL) of patients after orthotopic ileal neobladder with orthotopic ureteral reimplantation to enrich clinical data and provide a basis for clinical use of this surgery.MethodsBetween January 2007 and January 2013, 72 consecutive patients who underwent spiral ileal neobladder following radical cystectomy were enrolled. The neobladder was created using a modified Camey-II technique. Complications were reviewed and staged according to Clavien–Dindo classification and evaluated in long-term follow-up. Urodynamics were performed, and QoL was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for Bladder Cancer (FACT-BL) instrument.ResultsThe total follow-up time was 60 months, and the total survival rates at 3 and 5 years after surgery were 76.4% (55/72) and 65.3% (47/72), respectively. There were 34 (47.2%) early complications in 23 (31.9%) patients and 42 (58.3%) late complications in 35 (48.6%) patients. The total satisfactory control rates were 69.1% and 66.0% at 3 and 5 years after the surgery, respectively. Urodynamic studies were performed in some patients, and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that pressure at maximum capacity, compliance, and post void residual urine had predictive value for mortality (P < 0.05). The total FACT-BL scores of patients at 1, 3, and 5 years postoperation were 125.0 ± 15.2, 127.0 ± 16.2, and 120.6 ± 13.5, respectively, and it decreased at 5 years postoperation (P < 0.05).ConclusionSpiral ileal neobladder with orthotopic ureteral reimplantation offers satisfactory long-term results, and urodynamic monitoring might have prognostic value.
Semiotic work in the science classroom
Authors: Bezemer Jeff , Kress Gunther 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This review is on Lilian Pozzer and Wolff-Michael Roth’s “A cultural-historical perspective on the multimodal development of concepts in science lectures.” We offer some brief observations from within the paradigm of social semiotics, more specifically from our own attempts to produce multimodal accounts of learning in and beyond the classroom. We propose to treat meaning as the outcome of social action and interaction: clearly, environments and practices of learning and teaching come within that frame. We comment on the categories and implicit distinctions of verbal vs nonverbal, and the relative visibility and invisibility of meaning makers (teacher and learner) and their use of semiotic resources in accounts of learning. We highlight the agency of learners and propose a transformation of the role of “teacher” into that of “designer (of learning environments)”. We conclude by briefly speculating on the possibility of bringing the two distinct paradigms into dialogue and conjunction.
Clear skies ahead: optimizing the learning environment for critical thinking from a&nbsp;qualitative analysis of interviews with expert teachers
Authors: Jaffe Lynn E. , Lindell Deborah , Sullivan Amy M. , Huang Grace C. 
Published: September 2019

Introduction The learning environment refers to the physical, pedagogical, and psychosocial contexts in which learning occurs and critically influences the educational experience of trainees in the health professions. However, the manner in which individual faculty explicitly organize the educational setting to facilitate learning of essential competencies such as critical thinking deserves more examination; lack of attention to this component can undermine the formal curriculum. The purpose of our study was to examine how faculty shape the learning environment to advance their learners’ development of critical thinking.
Methods We took a constructivist grounded theory approach using the framework method for qualitative content analysis. Data were derived from interviews conducted with 44 faculty identified as skilled teachers of critical thinking at eight academic health professions institutions.
Results Three major themes emerged regarding participants’ descriptions of their experiences of how they optimized the learning environment to support critical thinking: 1) Setting the atmosphere (establishing ground rules, focusing on process rather than answers, and building trust), 2) Maintaining the climate (gently pushing learners, tolerating discomfort, and adjusting to learner level), and 3) Weathering the storm (responses to challenges to learning critical thinking, including time and effort, negative evaluations, and resistance to effortful learning).
Discussion An optimal learning environment for critical thinking was actively created by faculty to establish a safe environment and shared understanding of expectations. Understanding how to produce a conducive learning climate is paramount in
Plasma neurofilament light associates with Alzheimer's disease metabolic decline in amyloid‐positive individuals
Authors: Benedet Andréa L. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Pascoal Tharick A. , Leuzy Antoine , Mathotaarachchi Sulantha , Kang Min S. , Therriault Joseph , Savard Melissa , Chamoun Mira , Schöll Michael , Zimmer Eduardo R. , Gauthier Serge , Labbe Aurélie , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Neto Pedro R. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionNeurofilament light chain (NfL) is a promising blood biomarker to detect neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other brain disorders. However, there are limited reports of how longitudinal NfL relates to imaging biomarkers. We herein investigated the relationship between blood NfL and brain metabolism in AD.MethodsVoxelwise regression models tested the cross‐sectional association between [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid NfL in cognitively impaired and unimpaired subjects. Linear mixed models were also used to test the longitudinal association between NfL and [18F]FDG in amyloid positive (Aβ+) and negative (Aβ−) subjects.ResultsHigher concentrations of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid NfL were associated with reduced [18F]FDG uptake in correspondent brain regions. In Aβ+ participants, NfL associates with hypometabolism in AD‐vulnerable regions. Longitudinal changes in the association [18F]FDG‐NfL were confined to cognitively impaired Aβ+ individuals.DiscussionThese findings indicate that plasma NfL is a proxy for neurodegeneration in AD‐related regions in Aβ+ subjects.
Forced synchronization of quasiperiodic oscillations in a thermoacoustic system
Authors: Guan Yu , Gupta Vikrant , Wan Minping , Li Larry K. B. 
Published: September 2019

In self-excited combustion systems, the application of open-loop forcing is known to be an effective strategy for controlling periodic thermoacoustic oscillations, but it is not known whether and under what conditions such a strategy would work on thermoacoustic oscillations that are not simply periodic. In this study, we experimentally examine the effect of periodic acoustic forcing on a prototypical thermoacoustic system consisting of a ducted laminar premixed flame oscillating quasiperiodically on an ergodic $\mathbb{T}^{2}$ torus at two incommensurate natural frequencies, $f_{1}$ and $f_{2}$. Compared with that of a classical period-1 system, complete synchronization of this $\mathbb{T}_{1,2}^{2}$ system is found to occur via a more intricate route involving three sequential steps: as the forcing amplitude, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{f}$, increases at a fixed forcing frequency, $f_{f}$, the system transitions first (i) to ergodic $\mathbb{T}_{1,2,f}^{3}$ quasiperiodicity; then (ii) to resonant $\mathbb{T}_{1,f}^{2}$ quasiperiodicity as the weaker of the two natural modes, $f_{2}$, synchronizes first, leading to partial synchronization; and finally (iii) to a $P1_{f}$ limit cycle as the remaining natural mode, $f_{1}$, also synchronizes, leading to complete synchronization. The minimum $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{f}$ required for partial and complete synchronization decreases as $f_{f}$ approaches either $f_{1}$ or $f_{2}$, resulting in two primary Arnold tongues. However, when forced at an amplitude above that required for complete synchronization, the system can transition out of $P1_{f}$ and into $\mathbb{T}_{1,2,f}^{3}$ or $\mathbb{T}_{2,f}^{2}$. The optimal control strategy is to apply off-resonance forcing at a frequency around the weaker natural mode ($f_{2}$) and at an amplitude just sufficient to cause $P1_{f}$, because this produces the largest reduction in thermoacoustic amplitude via asynchronous quenching. Analysis of the Rayleigh index shows that this reduction is physically caused by a disruption of the positive coupling between the unsteady heat release rate of the flame and the $f_{1}$ and $f_{2}$ acoustic modes. If the forcing is applied near the stronger natural mode ($f_{1}$), however, resonant amplification can occur. We then phenomenologically model this $\mathbb{T}_{1,2}^{2}$ thermoacoustic system as two reactively coupled van der Pol oscillators subjected to external sinusoidal forcing, and find that many of its synchronization features – such as the three-step route to $P1_{f}$, the double Arnold tongues, asynchronous quenching and resonant amplification – can be qualitatively reproduced. This shows that these features are not limited to our particular system, but are universal features of forced self-excited oscillators. This study extends the applicability of open-loop control from classical period-1 systems with just a single time scale to ergodic $\mathbb{T}^{2}$ quasiperiodic systems with two incommensurate time scales.
Agnes Arber, historian of botany and Darwinian sceptic
Authors: Feola Vittoria 
Published: September 2019

This essay aims to reappraise Agnes Arber's contribution to the history of science with reference to her work in the history of botany and biology. Both her first and her last books (Herbals, 1912; The Mind and the Eye, 1954) are classics: the former in the history of botany, the latter in that of biology. As such, they are still cited today, albeit with increasing criticism. Her very last book was rejected by Cambridge University Press because it did not meet the publisher's academic standards – we shall return to it in due course. Despite Kathryn Packer's two essays about Arber's life in context, much remains to be done toward a just appreciation of her research. We need such a reappraisal in order to avoid anachronistic criticisms of her contributions to the historiography of botany, or, on the other hand, uncritical applause for her studies in plant morphology.