bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hudde en zijn gesmolten microscooplensjes
Authors: Cocquyt Tiemen , Bolt Marvin , Korey Michael 
Published: June 2019

In this article, the role of Johannes Hudde as material instigator of the blossoming microscopic cul- ture in the late seventeenth-century Netherlands is examined. The simple ball lens microscopes that Hudde developed in the late 1650s saw widespread adoption, yet surprisingly little is known about their origin. After reflecting on the contemporary literature on Hudde’s lenses, their optical properties are discussed and compared with those of thin, ground lenses. Next, an account is given of a reconstruction experiment, performed in the Corning Museum of Glass (NY), where the manufacturing processes for both Hudde’s flameworked lenses and for common ground lenses were put to test. It is explained how this gave insight in the unique advantages of Hudde’s lens making innovation. Taking this further, the significance of glass melting techniques for the broader historiography of the microscope and its lens production is evaluated. Finally, it is argued how shifting demands in the c. 1700 microscope market meant that Hudde’s, otherwise very successful, lenses were gradually abandoned.
Huddes Specilla circularia
Authors: Vermij Rienk 
Published: June 2019

This article discusses Hudde’s Specilla circularia, published anonymously and without the name of the publisher in 1656. The only known printed copy was recently acquired by the Royal Library in The Hague. The treatise demonstrates by a mathematical calculation how spherical aberration in lenses can be corrected by means of a diaphragm. Thus, the work offered a theoretical justification for a practice that had already become common by trial and error. The work appears to have been eagerly read and studied by scholars in the second half of the seventeenth century, Spinoza and Leibniz among them, but in the end went into oblivion.
Behavioral Factors Influencing on Designing Network Governance Model in Health Care Domain: A systematic literature review
Authors: Aalikhani Reza , Aliahmadi Ali Reza , Rasouli Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2019

Background: Establishment of the intra-organizational collaboration network has become a critical strategy to provide high-quality services with a low cost in the health system. In order to utilize the benefits of collaborative networks, an appropriate governance model in accordance with the health system is required. To design a successful model of network governance, different effective factors should be considered. The aim of this research was to identify the internal behavioral factors that influence the design of a successful model of network governance in the health care system.
Methods: To select the related studies, the web of science, as a comprehensive and credible database was searched and 2350 scientific studies were resulted. The titles of these studies were compared with the inclusion and exclusion criteria and a number of 150 papers were selected. Next, the abstracts of these 150 papers were studied and finally, 53 articles were reviewed. In this research, a systematic literature review was conducted to explore and integrate the relevant knowledge on behavioral factors affecting the design of a governance model in health service networks.
Results: The review of selected studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in extraction of 59 evidences from 31 sources. No further evidences were extracted from other resources. In order to access these evidences easily and create a comprehensive view in the study area, the extracted evidences were categorized into three categories including characteristics of relationships, participation characteristics, and normative implications. These categories were further classified into15 sub-categories.
Conclusion: The network governance model will be successful in the case that effective behavioral factors be considered in its designing. The most important behavioral factors that should be considered in determining the network governance model include the relationships' characteristics, participation characteristics, and normative implications.
Physico Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Wheat Flour Bun Supplemented with Carrot Pomace Powder
Authors: Prakash Om 
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to find on preparation and quality evaluation of carrot pomace powder using buns different level of carrotpomace powder. The quality of buns was determined on the basis on physico -chemical characteristics: Moisture content, Ash content, Fat content, Protein content, and sensory analysis including sensory attributes as colour, flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability. The moisture content of buns was found to be increased with increase in proportion of carrot pomace powder. The mean overall sensory acceptability scores of more than 8.60 for bun samples upto 2.5% carrot pomace powder indicated the commercial scope for manufacturing good quality buns with carrot pomacepowder. The bun samples prepared by adding Carrot pomace have lead to increase in the water absorption while the arrival time and dough stability were decreased. So fiber as a food industry by product is recommended to be used as food additives to gain nutritional and healthy benefit.
Papuan Students’ Behavior amid Yogyakarta Community Environment
Authors: Nurrizka Annisa Fitrah , Kartono Drajat Tri , Zuber Ahmad 
Published: June 2019

This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, in which data and material needed was obtained from interviews, observation, and based on f literature study on journals, documents, electronic media and mass media with descriptive analysis. This research aimsed It aims to analyze and to describe the behavior of Papuan students living in community environment in Yogyakarta. From the result of research on the students studied, it could be found that some of students studied had organizational behavior along with surrounding people by participating in some society activities, such as <em>gotong royong</em> (mutual cooperation), <em>rapat RT</em>(neighborhood meeting), safeguarding environment, and etc. However, on the other hand in some areas of Yogyakarta , for example some people are not willing to accept their presence and giving them dwelling such as boarding house, so that it indicates discrimination againstPapuan students. It is due to dysfunctional behavior, they have thereby disrupting integration and socialization process in society. Papuan students consider that their behavior is commons , but is s unacceptable to society. They make noise by speaking loudly, drinking , and some act ions resulting in conflict with surrounding people. Meanwhile, they should create a relationship and structure with society in the environment where they live.
Vascularized Greater Trochanter Bone Flap Transfer for Treatment of ARCO Stage-IIB to IIIB Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Zhao Dewei , Liu Baoyi , Wang Benjie 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The goal of a vascularized bone flap transfer is to replace the necrotic bone of the femoral head, restore the blood supply, and provide new bone and mechanical support for the femoral head.

Description:
The major steps of the procedure that are demonstrated in this article are: (1) using the anterolateral approach to the hip, the incision is made; (2) the interval between the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis is split, the transverse branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery is identified, and the pedicle is isolated and protected; (3) the vascularized bone flap is harvested from the greater trochanter; (4) necrotic bone is debrided through a bone window made at the junction of the femoral neck and head; (5) the cancellous bone from the greater trochanter is implanted, and the vascularized bone flap is positioned and fixed; and (6) the wound is closed in layers. Complications are rare, and full weight-bearing is allowed after 3 months postoperatively.

Alternatives:
Free vascularized fibular graft.

Rationale:
Compared with a free vascularized fibular grafting technique, vascularized bone-grafting of the greater trochanter has the advantages of being less invasive, incurring lower donor-site morbidity, and not requiring any microsurgical technique because there is no vascular anastomosis.
Evaluation the venous pathology of the lower extremities with triggered angiography non-contrast-enhanced sequence magnetic resonance imaging (TRANCE-MRI)
Authors: Huang Yao-Kuang , Lin Chih-Hung , Tseng Yuan-Hsi , Tsai Yuan-Hsiung , Hsu Yin-Chen , Wang Shih-Chung , Chen Chien-Wei 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
To explore the diagnostic performance of non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using triggered angiography non-contrast-enhanced sequence (TRANCE-MRI) in evaluation of venous pathology of the lower extremity.

Methods
This is a single-center prospective cohort study of 25 patients with suspected venous disease in their lower extremities. Each patient received a Doppler ultrasound exam before the scheduled TRANCE-MRI on a 1.5T MR scanner (Philips Ingenia, Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands). The following lymphography and CTA were arranged according to the diagnostic indications.

Results
The venous scenarios of the 25 patient were divided as follows: 11 had deep venous thrombosis (DVT), seven had a static ulcer, three had symptomatic varicose veins (VV), two had recurrent VV after surgery, and two had lymphedema. TRANCE-MRI unexpectedly found that 4 patients (16%) had occult peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Of the 11 patients with scenario of DVT, 4 patients (36.4%) did not actually have DVT on TRANCE-MRI, and the symptoms were due to malignancy, external compression, and congenital anomalies. One patient (4%) with radiation-related lymphedema was falsely diagnosed as external iliac vein compression. Interrater agreement for DVT in the thigh between the ultrasonography and TRANCE-MRI was substantial agreement (Cohen's kappa κ, 0.72). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of TRANCE-MRI were 85.7%, 88/9% and 88%, respectively. Venous thrombi and collateral veins could be clearly outlined by TRANCE-MRI, including in middle femoral veins that might be difficult to detect by ultrasound.

Conclusion
TRANCE-MRI provided not only vascular image of the lower extremity but also information about the pelvis and abdomen. However, false positive results may occur in iliac vessels. TRANCE-MRI could outline venous thrombi and collateral veins from the abdomen to both calves, and thus, could be a powerful tool in the treatment of venous pathology in the lower extremities.
Evaluation of the Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2012-2015
Authors: Babakazo Pélagie Diambalula , Kabamba-Tshilobo Joelle , Wemakoy Emile Okitolonda , Lubula Léopold , Manya Léonie Kitoko , Ilunga Benoit Kebela , Disasuani Wally , Nkwembe Edith , Kavunga-Membo Hugo , Changachanga Jean-Claude , Muhemedi Saleh , Tamfum Jean-Jacques Muyembe , Tempia Stefano 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

The World Health Organization recommends periodic evaluations of influenza surveillance systems to identify areas for improvement and provide evidence of data reliability for policymaking. However, data about the performance of established influenza surveillance systems are limited in Africa, including in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

Methods

We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines to evaluate the performance of the influenza sentinel surveillance system (ISSS) in DRC during 2012-2015. The performance of the system was evaluated using eight surveillance attributes: (i) data quality and completeness for key variables, (ii) timeliness, (iii) representativeness, (iv) flexibility, (v) simplicity, (vi) acceptability, (vii) stability and (viii) utility. For each attribute, specific indicators were developed and described using quantitative and qualitative methods. Scores for each indicator were as follows: <60% weak performance; 60-79% moderate performance; ≥80% good performance.

Results

During 2012-2015, we enrolled and tested 4,339 patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and 2,869 patients with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) from 11 sentinel sites situated in 5 of 11 provinces. Influenza viruses were detected in 446 (10.3%) samples from patients with ILI and in 151 (5.5%) samples from patients with SARI with higher detection during December-May. Data quality and completeness was >90% for all evaluated indicators. Other strengths of the system were timeliness, representativeness, simplicity, stability and utility that scored >70% each. Flexibility and acceptability had moderate to week performance. It was reported that the ISSS contributed to: (i) a better understanding of the epidemiology, circulating patterns and proportional contribution of influenza virus among patients with ILI or SARI; (ii) acquisition of new key competences related to influenza surveillance and diagnosis; and (iii) continuous education of surveillance staff and clinicians at sentinel sites about influenza. However, due to limited resources no actions were undertaken to mitigate the impact of seasonal influenza epidemics.

Conclusions

The system performed overall satisfactorily and provided reliable and timely data about influenza circulation in DRC. The simplicity of the system contributed to its stability. A better use of the available data could be made to inform and promote prevention interventions especially among the most vulnerable groups.
RNA-seq analysis identifies cytoskeletal structural genes and pathways for meat quality in beef
Authors: Gutierrez Joel David Leal , Elzo Mauricio A. , Mateescu Raluca G. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has allowed for transcriptional profiling of biological systems through identification of differentially expressed (DE) genes and pathways.

Results

A total of 80 steers were selected from the multibreed Angus-Brahman herd of the University of Florida. Sensory panel tenderness, juiciness and connective tissue as well as marbling, WBSF and cooking loss were assessed in longissimus dorsi muscle. Nuclear RNA was extracted from muscle and an RNA-seq library for each sample was constructed, multiplexed, and sequenced based on protocols by Illumina HiSeq 3000 PE100 platform to generate 2 × 101 bp paired-end reads. On average, 34.9 million high-quality paired reads were uniquely mapped to the Btau_4.6.1 reference genome and a total of 8,799 genes were analyzed. Including all 80 animals, gene and exon expression analysis was carried out using a meat quality index as a continuous response variable. The expression of 208 genes and 3,280 exons from 1,565 genes was associated with the meat quality index (p-value ≤ 0.05). Out of the 80 samples sequenced, 40 animals with extreme low and high WBSF, tenderness and marbling values were selected for a differential expression (DE) analysis for gene and isoforms. A total of 676 (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05), 70 (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.1) and 198 (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.1) genes were DE for WBSF, tenderness and marbling, respectively. A total of 106 isoforms from 98 genes for WBSF, 13 isoforms from 13 genes for tenderness and 43 isoforms from 42 genes for marbling (FDR ≤ 0.1) were DE.

Conclusion

A number of cytoskeletal and transmembrane anchoring related genes and pathways were identified in the expression, DE and gene enrichment analyses, and these proteins can have a direct effect on meat quality. Cytoskeletal proteins and transmembrane anchoring molecules can influence meat quality by allowing cytoskeletal ﬁlament interaction with myocyte and organelle membranes, contributing to cytoskeletal structure, microtubule network stability, and cellular architecture maintenance during the postmortem.
Prevalence of and independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adults: a population-based, cross-sectional, epidemiological survey in Jiangxi province, China
Authors: wu liting , SHEN YunFeng , HU Lei , Zhang MeiYing , LAI XiaoYang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Metabolic syndrome (MS) has abruptly increased in China in the past two decades, gradually representing an important public health threat over the years. Here, we firstly reported the prevalence of and independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome in Jiangxi province, China.

Methods

A population-based cross-sectional survey was performed in Jiangxi province, China, from April to August 2015. MS was diagnosed by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) criteria, respectively. Independent risk factors for MS were investigated by multivariate logistic regression.

Results

A total of 2665 residents aged over 18 years were enrolled, and 2580 effectively participated. According to IDF and CDS criteria, age-standardized prevalence rates of MS were 21.1% and 15.2% in all participants, respectively; prevalence rates were 19.6% and 17.1% in men, and 22.7% or 13.0% in women, based on these respective criteria. Rural participants had a significantly higher prevalence than urban individuals, so did rural females. Prevalence in males did not differ between rural and urban participants. Furthermore, both low education level and menopausal state were independent risk factors for MS in adults.

Conclusions

MS is highly prevalent in adults in Jiangxi province, China. Low education level and menopausal state are independent risk factors for MS.
Braden Scale for Assessing Pneumonia After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ding Yunlong , Yan Yazhou , Niu Jiali , Zhang Yanrong , Gu Zhiqun , Tang Ping , Liu Yan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Prevention of pneumonia is critical for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The six indexes in the Braden Scale seemsto be related to the occurrence of pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the Braden Scale in predicting the occurrence of pneumonia after AIS.

Methods

We studied a series of consecutive patients with AIS who were admitted to hospital. The cohort was subdivided into pneumonia group and no pneumonia group. The score of the Braden Scale, demographic and clinical characteristics at admission were obtained and analyzed by statistical comparisons between two groups. We investigated the predictive validity of the Braden scale by Receiver operating curve (ROC).

Results

414 patients with AIS were included in this study. 57 of 414 (13.8%) patients fulfilled the criteria for post-stroke pneumonia. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in the pneumonia group was significantly higher than in the no pneumonia group (P < 0.01). The mean score of the Braden Scale in the pneumonia group was significantly lower than that in the no pneumonia group (P < 0.01). The six subscales of the Braden Scale between the two groups all had significant differences. The area under the curve (AUC) for the Braden scale predicting pneumonia after acute ischemic was 0.883 (95% CI = 0.828-0.937). And with 18 points as the demarcation score, the sensitivity was 83.2% and the specificity was 84.2%.

Conclusion

The Braden Scale with 18 points as the demarcation score is a valid clinical grading scale for predicting pneumonia after AIS at presentation. Further studies on effect of Braden Scale on stroke outcomes are needed.
A Simple and Rapid System for DNA and RNA Isolation from Diverse Plants Using Handmade Kit
Authors: Masoomi-Aladizgeh Farhad , Jabbari Leila , Nekouei Reza Khayam , Aalami Ali 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

This protocol describes a rapid DNA and RNA extraction method for plant tissues. Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium chloride (NaCl), tris base, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are the main components of the extraction buffer. In contrast to all previously reported protocols, this extraction method does not require any stock solutions. This isolation buffer is potential of extracting both DNA and RNA simultaneously. Depending on the purpose of the project, the corresponding steps can be slightly altered to obtain either DNA or RNA. The big advantage of this method is to use general laboratory chemicals to make a powerful extraction buffer, resulting in high quality and quantity nucleic acid. Also, CTAB in this buffer is capable of isolating nucleic acid from recalcitrant plants enriched in secondary metabolites. Importantly, this method is recommended for the projects at which isolating nucleic acid in a short time is of crucial importance. This method probably is usable for all plant tissues and takes about an hour.
Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography features in heat stroke: a case report
Authors: Cao Lizhi , Wang Juan , Gao Yaxuan , Liang Yumei , Yan Jinhua , Zhang Yunhai , Zhu Mingqin , Chen Jiafeng , Luo Tianfei 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Heat stroke (HS) is a critical illness that can cause multiple organ dysfunction, including damage to the central nervous system (CNS), which can be life-threatening in severe cases. Brain lesions in patients with HS who present with CNS damage have been rarely reported before, and they usually vary in different cases, hence, patients with such lesions may present a clinical challenge in terms of diagnosis and management. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke that mostly affects young individuals and children. The pathogenesis of brain damage caused by HS is complex, and CVT may be involved in the pathogenesis of HS with CNS damage. In this manuscript, we have reported a case of a patient with HS having CVT with symmetrical lesions in the bilateral putamen, posterior limb of the internal capsule, external capsule, insular lobe, and subcortical white matter in the brain.
Case presentation: We encountered a 48-year-old man who presented with HS in the summer season. During admission, he had a high body temperature and was in coma and shock. Then, he developed rhabdomyolysis syndrome, acute kidney and liver damage, electrolyte imbalance, and acid–base balance disorders, and his D-dimer level was elevated. After several days of anti-shock treatment, the patient’s level of consciousness improved. However, he experienced a decline in vision. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed symmetrical lesions in the bilateral posterior limb of the internal capsule, putamen, external capsule, insula, and subcortical white matter, and cerebral magnetic resonance venography (MRV) showed the development of CVT. Therefore, anti-coagulation treatment was provided. After timely clinical intervention, the symptoms of the patient gradually improved.
Conclusions: This case showed that HS can cause CVT. Therefore, cerebral MRI findings in HS must be assessed; in addition, early MRV can help in the diagnosis of the disease, which can effectively improve prognosis.