bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE DRIVERS OF INCOME INEQUALITY IN RICH COUNTRIES
Authors: Nolan Brian , Richiardi Matteo G. , Valenzuela Luis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRising income inequality has recently come centre‐stage as a core societal concern for rich countries. The diagnosis of the forces driving inequality upwards and their relative importance remain hotly contested, notably with respect to the roles of globalization versus technology and of market forces versus institutions and policy choices. This survey provides a critical review and synthesis of recent research. The focus is on income inequality across the entire distribution, rather than only on what has been happening at the very top. We pay particular attention to include what has been learned from the analysis of micro‐data, to ensure that the coverage is not unduly US‐centric and to analyses of the interrelations between the different drivers of inequality. The marked differences in inequality trends across countries and time periods reflect how global economic forces such as globalization and technological change have interacted with differing national contexts and institutions. Major analytical challenges stand in the way of a consensus emerging on the relative importance of different drivers in how income inequality has evolved in recent decades.
Sex hormones in association with general joint laxity and hypermobility in the temporomandibular joint in adolescents—results of the epidemiologic LIFE child study
Authors: Graf Caroline , Schierz Oliver , Steinke Hanno , Körner Antje , Kiess Wieland , Kratzsch Jürgen , Hirsch Christian ,   The Life Child Study Team
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate whether sex hormones (testosterone, oestradiol, sex‐hormone‐binding globulin = SHBG) are associated with general joint laxity (GJL) and hypermobility or derangements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in adolescents.MethodsWithin the LIFE Child study, 970 adolescents (10‐18 years) were included. GJL was assessed using the Beighton test. Maximum mouth opening (MMO) and clinical clicking sounds as signs of disc displacement (DD) in the TMJ were assessed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Serum levels of sex hormones were assessed using standardised laboratory analyses.ResultsHypermobile joints were found in 54.9% (N = 532) of the sample; females were more affected than males (61.4% vs. 51.8%,P < 0.001). Using logistic regression analyses, the odds ratio (OR) for having >1 hypermobile joints increased to 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04‐1.27) in males and 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02‐1.17) in females per 10 units of the SHBG serum level, compared to those without hypermobile joints—after controlling for the effect of age, adjusted BMI, pubertal development (Tanner scale), testosterone as well as oestradiol levels. Female subjects with >1 hypermobile joints showed a higher OR (1.89; 95% CI: 1.05‐3.43) for having clinical clicking sounds in the TMJ and a 3.28 times higher OR (95% CI: 1.44‐7.44) for MMO ≥ 55 mm.ConclusionsWe observed age‐ and gender‐independent associations of higher SHBG serum levels with GJL in adolescents. Moreover, hypermobile female adolescents show a more frequent hypermobility of the TMJ and clinical signs of DD.
Comparison of Gingival Retraction Materials Using a New Gingival Sulcus Model
Authors: Dederichs Marco , Fahmy Mina D. , Kuepper Harald , Guentsch Arndt 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the pressure generated by different retraction materials using a novel gingival sulcus model.Materials and MethodsA gingival sulcus model was made using a polymer frame filled with silicon. A pressure sensor and a sulcus‐fluid simulation were embedded into the silicon chamber to evaluate the pressure generated by different retraction materials. Six sizes of Ultrapak retraction cords (Ultradent, sizes #000 ‐ 3), 4 retraction pastes (Expazen, Expasyl, Acteon, Access Edge, Traxodent) and 2 retraction gels (Sulcus Blue, Racegel) were analyzed. The mean and median pressure, interquartile range, and standard deviation (SD) of n = 10 repeated measurements were calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted by Kruskal‐Wallis test for differences between the main groups of retraction materials, and Mann‐Whitney U‐test was performed to analyze differences between the single retraction materials.ResultsPressure (mean ± SD) generated by retraction cords increased with increasing size (48.26 ± 11.29 kPa, size #000 to 149.27 ± 28.75 kPa for #3). There was a significant difference between sizes (p < 0.01), except in #0 versus #1, and #2 versus #3. Retraction pastes generated pressures that ranged from 82.74 ± 29.29 kPa (Traxodent) to 524.35 ± 113.88 kPa (Expasyl). Retraction gels generated pressures from 38.96 ± 14.68 kPa (Racegel) to 95.15 ± 24.18 kPa (Sulcus Blue). Pressure generated by Expasyl was significantly higher than pressure generated by all other tested materials (p < 0.001).ConclusionPressure generated by retraction pastes and gels depends on the consistency of the retraction material, while pressure generated by retraction cords increased with increasing size of cords. Expasyl was found to generate the highest pressure compared to all other retraction materials.
The subjective–agentic personality sector (SAPS): Introduction to the special issue on self, identity, and psychopathology
Authors: Shahar Golan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis special issue is predicated upon the premise that there exists a subjective–agentic personality sector (SAPS) that is crucially relevant to the understanding and treatment of psychopathology. SAPS is often overlooked by “trait” models in personality psychology. It is comprised of “hot” cognitions about one's self and identity as they unfold throughout the life span and are brought to bear on interpersonal relationships. There are four ways in which SAPS may be involved in psychopathology: (a) inherently, as a component of psychiatric disorders, (b) as a passive vulnerability dimension, namely by interacting with life stress, (c) as an active vulnerability dimension, that is, by propelling external situations that culminate in psychopathology, and (d) by constituting a central consequent of psychopathology (i.e., the scarring pattern, see below). In this Journal of Personality special issue, experts in personality and psychopathology demonstrate the centrality of SAPS in unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar spectrum disorder, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, complex trauma and borderline personality disorder, social anxiety disorder, suicidality in the context of mood disorders, and recovery from schizophrenia. A commentary by Dan McAdams, a leader in the study of self and identity, concludes this special issue.
The impact of HBV flare on the outcome of HBV‐related decompensated cirrhosis patients with bacterial infection
Authors: Cao Zhujun , Liu Yuhan , Wang Shijin , Lu Xiaobo , Yin Shan , Jiang Shaowen , Chen Liuying , Cai Minghao , Zeng Bo , Yao Yujing , Tang Weiliang , Zhao Gangde , Xiang Xiaogang , Wang Hui , Cai Wei , Zhu Chuanwu , Li Hai , Xie Qing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) flare can occur in HBV patients either naïve or have interruption to treatment. Bacterial infection (BI) is a common complication of cirrhosis with potential severe outcomes. We aimed to assess the impact of HBV flare on the outcome of patients with HBV‐related decompensated cirrhosis and BI.MethodsThis was a retrospective study from 2 tertiary academic hospitals in Shanghai, China of HBV patients admitted with or developed BI during admission. The characteristics of BI, prevalence of HBV flare, its impact on organ failure, acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) and 90‐day survival were evaluated.ResultsA total of 360 hospitalized patients (median age: 50 years, male: 79%, BI: at admission: 58.6%; during admission: 41.4%) were included. All patients including those with HBV flare (21%) received antiviral therapy after admission. Patients with HBV flare and BI had significantly higher percentage of liver (93.3% vs 48.8%), coagulation (64.0% vs 39.6%), cerebral (40.0% vs 21.8%) (all P < 0.01), and kidney failure (38.7% vs 26.3%, P < 0.05) compared to BI alone, associated with a higher risk of developing ACLF with a subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) of 2.23 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68‐2.96). Multivariate analysis showed that ACLF development was the strongest risk factor for 90‐day mortality (sHR, 95%CI: 7.36, 4.12‐13.16).ConclusionsIn HBV‐related decompensated cirrhosis patients admitted with BI, HBV flare increased the risk of additional organ failures and ACLF, raising the risk of 90‐day mortality by seven‐fold. Optimization of HBV treatment in these patients should minimize the risk of HBV flare with improved outcomes.
Structural Acceleration in Nielsen'sSinfonia espansiva
Authors: Tarrant Christopher 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe form of the first movement of Carl Nielsen'sSinfonia espansivarejects the traditional three‐part sonata form in favour of an experimental two‐part strategy. The dialogue between the two types of sonata has an important impact on the way we hear this movement; from a rhetorical perspective, the absence of a normative simultaneous return of theme and key invites a new analytical approach. This is informed by the idea that the movement's form, relative to the signposts set up in its exposition, appears to speed up as it continues – a phenomenon which I call ‘structural acceleration’. The reception of Hepokoski and Darcy's Type 2 sonata is unpacked before an investigation of aspects of modular layout, tonality and cadential structure which contribute to the movement's sense of formal urgency.
Biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid used to detect root resorption in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Tarallo Francesco , Chimenti Claudio , Paiella Giordano , Cordaro Massimo , Tepedino Michele 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate whether changes in the concentration of different biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be used to detect the root resorption process in adult or adolescent patients undergoing treatment with a fixed appliance, in comparison with untreated subjects or treated patients not showing signs of root resorption.Material and MethodsThe following databases were analysed in the period between June 2017 and March 2018, without any language and initial date restrictions: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. A quality assessment instrument (QAI) was developed to establish the risk of bias.ResultsA total of 1127 articles were analysed. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven studies qualified for the final review. The QAI tool revealed that five articles were at a moderate risk of bias and two articles were at a low risk of bias.ConclusionDentine phosphoprotein (DPP) may be considered a relatively useful marker for root resorption. Dentinal sialoprotein (DSP) could be a potential biomarker but is not highly helpful at detecting root shortening. Inflammatory cytokines (pro‐ and anti‐resorption), osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANKL and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are useful biomarkers to explain the biological mechanisms that occur during orthodontic movement but are not specific enough. Further studies are required to clarify the role of GM‐CSF as a potential biomarker to distinguish subjects at a risk of severe root resorption in the early phase.
Novel approach to intraoral haemorrhage after mandibular arteriovenous malformation embolization: transoral Onyx embolization of the posterior alveolar vein
Authors: Sozio S.J. , Ngo G. , Girgis P. , Gupta G. , Roychowdhury S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractArteriovenous Malformation (AVM) of the mandible is a potentially life‐threatening condition that requires rapid diagnosis and intervention to prevent mortality or permanent morbidity1. While transarterial embolization using liquid embolic material currently serves as the mainstay of treatment, these lesions often feature complex internal anatomy, which may complicate this approach2‐4. This article presents the experiences of two patients who suffered significant intraoral haemorrhage secondary to the posterior alveolar draining vein of a complex mandibular AVM. In both instances, haemostasis was successfully achieved utilizing fluoroscopy‐guided direct puncture of the affected vessel through the oral mucosa, with subsequent Onyx® embolization.
Feasibility of Virtual Reality Combined with Isocentric Navigation in Transforaminal Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Zhou Zhi , Hu Shuo , Zhao Yong‐zhao , Zhu Yan‐jie , Wang Chuan‐feng , Gu Xin , Fan Guo‐xin , He Shi‐sheng 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTransforaminal percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (TPED) is one of the most commonly used minimally invasive spine surgeries around the world. However, conventional surgical planning and intraoperative procedures for TPED have relied on surgeons’ experience, which limits its standardization and popularization. Virtual reality (VR) is a novel technology for pre‐surgical planning in various fields of medicine, while isocentric navigation can guide intraoperative procedures for TPED. The present study aimed to explore the feasibility of applying VR combined with isocentric navigation in TPED on cadavers.MethodsThe surgical levels were L3/L4 and L4/L5 as well as L5/S1 of both sides of each cadaver specimen. First, the surgeon manually conducted the above procedures on the left side of every specimen without preoperative simulation and isocentric navigation (Group A). Then the same surgeon conducted the VR simulation for surgical planning of the right side (Group B). After VR simulation, the same surgeon made the percutaneous punctures and placed the working channel on the right side of the specimen at all levels.ResultsAt the L3/L4 level, the puncture‐channel time was 11.36 ± 2.13 min in Group A and 11.29 ± 2.23 min in Group B (t = 0.097, P = 0.938). The exposure time was 17.21 ± 2.91 s in Group A and 14.64 ± 1.60 s in Group B (t = 2.534, P = 0.025). At the L4/L5 level, the puncture‐channel time was 13.86 ± 3.90 min in Group A and 11.93 ± 2.95 min in Group B (t = 2.291, P = 0.039). Exposure time was 20.64 ± 3.84 s in Group A and 16.43 ± 2.47 s in Group B (t = 6.118, P < 0.01). There were 7 patients undergoing foraminotomy in Group A and 3 patients undergoing foraminotomy in Group B (t = 2.280, P = 0.236). At the L5/S1 level, the puncture‐channel time was 18.21 ± 1.85 min in Group A and 15.71 ± 3.20 min in Group B (t = 2.476, P = 0.028). Exposure time was 26.07 ± 3.17 s in Group A and 22.50 ± 2.68 s in Group B (t = 2.980, P = 0.011). There were 14 patients receiving foraminotomy in Group A and 13 patients receiving foraminotomy in Group B (t = 1.000, P = 1.000).ConclusionsVirtual reality combined with isocentric navigation is feasible in TPED. It enables precise surgical planning and improves intraoperative procedures, and has the potential for application in clinical practice.
Gut microbial‐derived butyrate is inversely associated with IgE responses to allergens in childhood asthma
Authors: Chiu Chih‐Yung , Cheng Mei‐Ling , Chiang Meng‐Han , Kuo Yu‐Lun , Tsai Ming‐Han , Chiu Chun‐Che , Lin Gigin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundA comprehensive metabolomics‐based approach to address the impact of specific gut microbiota on allergen sensitization for childhood rhinitis and asthma is still lacking.MethodsEighty‐five children with rhinitis (n = 27) and with asthma (n = 34) and healthy controls (n = 24) were enrolled. Fecal metabolomic analysis with 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and microbiome composition analysis by bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing were performed. An integrative analysis of their associations with allergen‐specific IgE levels for allergic rhinitis and asthma was also assessed.ResultsAmino acid, β‐alanine, and butanoate were the predominant metabolic pathways in the gut. Among them, amino acid metabolism was negatively correlated with the phylum Firmicutes, which was significantly reduced in children with rhinitis and asthma. Levels of histidine and butyrate metabolites were significantly reduced in children with rhinitis (P = 0.029) and asthma (P = 0.009), respectively. In children with asthma, a reduction in butyrate‐producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Roseburia spp., and an increase in Clostridium spp. were negatively correlated with fecal amino acids and butyrate, respectively (P < 0.01). Increased Escherichia spp. accompanied by increased β‐alanine and 4‐hydroxybutyrate appeared to reduce butyrate production. Low fecal butyrate was significantly associated with increased total serum and mite allergen–specific IgE levels in children with asthma (P < 0.05).ConclusionA reduced fecal butyrate is associated with increased mite‐specific IgE levels and the risk of asthma in early childhood. Fecal β‐alanine could be a specific biomarker connecting the metabolic dysbiosis of gut microbiota, Clostridium and Escherichia spp., in childhood asthma.
Home vs hospital narrowband UVB treatment by a hand‐held unit for new‐onset vitiligo: A pilot randomized controlled study
Authors: Liu Baoyi , Sun Yue , Song Jun , Wu Zhouwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare the efficacy and safety of narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) phototherapy in home vs in hospital for the management of limited new‐onset vitiligo.MethodsPatients with new‐onset vitiligo (<3 months) with <5% body surface area involvement were recruited and randomly assigned to either a home‐based or a hospital‐based treatment group. Both groups were administered NB‐UVB phototherapy thrice a week. The body surface area (BSA) involved with vitiligo, Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI), the effectiveness of repigmentation, Vitiligo Quality of Life index (VitiQoL), and the cost of treatment were examined.ResultsA total of 100 patients completed the study. Patients in both groups exhibited improvements demonstrated by BSA and VSAI decrease. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of skin repigmentation (P > 0.05). Improvements in the VitiQoL scores were reduced to the greatest degree at week 8 for all patients in both groups. Adverse events, such as painful erythema, burning, blistering, and excessive hyperpigmentation, were more frequently observed in the home‐based treatment group than in the hospital‐based treatment group. The cost of phototherapy in hospital exceeded the cost of home phototherapy after 7 weeks of treatment.ConclusionsHome NB‐UVB phototherapy treatment was as effective as treatment in hospital, but exhibited cost‐effective and a better compliance. However, the education of the patients should be strengthened to avoid excessive UVB exposure and related adverse events.
Non‐invasive ventilation versus oxygen therapy in cystic fibrosis: A 12‐month randomized trial
Authors: Milross Maree A. , Piper Amanda J. , Dwyer Tiffany J. , Wong Keith , Bell Scott C. , Bye Peter T.P. ,   for the Non‐Invasive Ventilation in Cystic Fibrosis (NIVCF) Study Group
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveNo published studies have examined the long‐term effects of non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) in cystic fibrosis (CF). Our primary aim was to determine if adults with CF and sleep desaturation were less likely to develop hypercapnia with NIV ± O2 compared to low‐flow oxygen therapy (LFO2) or meet the criteria for failure of therapy over 12 months. We studied event‐free survival, hospitalizations, lung function, arterial blood gases (ABG), sleep quality and health‐related quality of life.MethodsA prospective, randomized, parallel group study in adult patients with CF and sleep desaturation was conducted, comparing 12 months of NIV ± O2 to LFO2. Event‐free survival was defined as participants without events. Events included: failure of therapy with PaCO2 > 60 mm Hg, or increase in PaCO2 > 10 mm Hg from baseline, increases in TcCO2 > 10 mm Hg, lung transplantation or death. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months, including lung function, ABG, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), SF36 and hospitalizations.ResultsA total of 29 patients were randomized to NIV ± O2 (n = 14) or LFO2 (n = 15) therapy for 12 months. Of the 29 patients, 18 met the criteria for event‐free survival over 12 months. NIV ± O2 group had 33% (95% CI: 5–58%) and 46% (95% CI: 10–68%) more event‐free survival at 3 and 12 months than LFO2 group. No statistically significant differences were seen in spirometry, ABG, questionnaires or hospitalizations.ConclusionNIV ± O2 during sleep increases event‐free survival over 12 months in adults with CF. Further studies are required to determine which subgroups benefit the most from NIV.
Impact of oral health and body image in school bullying
Authors: Veiga da Silva Siqueira Daniele , dos Santos Isadora Menezes , Pereira Luanderson Lopes , Leal Tosta dos Santos Simone Cristina , Cristino Patricia Suguri , Pena Messias de Figueiredo Filho Carlos Eduardo , Figueiredo Andreia Leal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the association between perception of body image and oral health in school bullying among adolescents of an urban locality in Brazil.MethodsA self‐questionnaire was applied on 381 students from public school between 12 and 15 years old. The variables studied were sex, age, schooling, school bullying events, and perception about their oral health and body image. The prevalence of bullying was 29.6%. The multivariate analysis showed that those who indicated that they were criticized due to the condition of their teeth had 4.37 more chance of victimization (oral 4371 CI 2325‐8218). Those who felt that oral health had little effect on their relationship with other people had 2.2 times more chance to suffer from bullying (oral 2204 CI 1031‐4708) than those who did not. Among adolescents who were not satisfied with their body image, 46.7% had more chance to be a victim of bullying (oral 2467 CI 1373‐4431).ConclusionA high prevalence of students affected by bullying was observed. It was possible to observe an association between bullying and dissatisfaction with oral health and body image. It is important to implement and evaluate public policies on oral health, expanding access to and improving these public services offered to the population.