bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRIM21–SERPINB5 aids GMPS repression to protect nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells from radiation-induced apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Li Xiaomin , He Qiuping , Zhang Lulu , Song Keqing , Yang Xiaojing , He Qingmei , Wang Yaqin , Hong Xiaohong , Ma Jun , Liu Na 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most prevalent head and neck malignancy in South China and Southeast Asia. The main NPC treatment strategy is radiotherapy. However, recurrence resulting from radioresistance is a leading clinical bottleneck. Revealing the mechanism of NPC radioresistance would help improve the therapeutic effect. Here, our work reveals thatTRIM21(tripartite motif–containing 21) functions as an oncogene in NPC progression, and its ablation increases NPC cell radiosensitivity. Further analysis indicated that TRIM21 represses TP53 expression by mediating GMPS (guanine monophosphate synthase) ubiquitination and degradation after ionizing radiation. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation showed that SERPINB5 (serpin family B member 5) interacts with both TRIM21 and GMPS. Epistatic analysis showed that SERPINB5 acts as an adaptor to recruit GMPS and introduce TRIM21 for ubiquitination. The in vitro and in vivo results validated the finding that SERPINB5 promotes NPC cell radioresistance. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry indicated that radioresistant patients have higher SERPINB5 expression. Overall, our data show that TRIM21–SERPINB5-mediated GMPS degradation facilitates TP53 repression, which promotes the radioresistance of NPC cells.
Stabilising effects of competition and diversity determine vaccine impact on antibiotic resistance evolution
Authors: Davies Nicholas G. , Flasche Stefan , Jit Mark , Atkins Katherine E. 
Published: April 2019

Bacterial vaccines can protect recipients from contracting potentially antibiotic-resistant infections. But by altering the selective balance between sensitive and resistant strains, vaccines may also suppress—or spread—antibiotic resistance among unvaccinated individuals. Predicting the outcome requires knowing what drives selection for resistance in bacterial pathogens, and in particular, what maintains the circulation of both antibiotic-sensitive and resistant strains of bacteria. Using mathematical modelling, we show that the frequency of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) across 27 European countries can be explained by between-host diversity in antibiotic use, heritable diversity in pneumococcal carriage duration, or frequency-dependent selection brought about by within-host competition between resistant and sensitive strains. We use our calibrated models to predict the impact of non-serotype-specific pneumococcal vaccination upon the prevalence of carriage, incidence of disease, and frequency of resistance for S. pneumoniae. We find that the relative strength and directionality of competition between resistant and sensitive pneumococcal strains is the most important determinant of whether vaccination promotes, inhibits, or has little effect upon the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Finally, we show that country-specific differences in pathogen transmission substantially alter the predicted impact of vaccination, highlighting that policies for managing resistance with vaccines must be tailored to a specific pathogen and setting.One sentence summaryFrequency-dependent competition and extrinsically-maintained diversity shape selection for antibiotic resistance following vaccination.
The ecological and epidemiological consequences of reproductive interference between the vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
Authors: Paton Robert S , Bonsall Michael B 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVector ecology is integral to understanding the transmission of vector-borne diseases, with processes such as reproduction and competition pivotal in determining vector presence and abundance. The arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus compete as larvae, but this mechanism is insufficient to explain patterns of coexistence and exclusion. Inviable interspecies matings - known as reproductive interference - is another candidate mechanism. Here, we analyse mathematical models of mosquito population dynamics and epidemiology which include two Aedes-specific features of reproductive interference. First, as these mosquitoes use hosts to find mates, reproductive interference will only occur if the same host is visited. Host choice will, in turn, be determined by functional responses to host availability. Second, females can become sterilised after mis-mating with heterospecifics. We find that a species with an affinity for a shared host will suffer more from reproductive interference than a less selective competitor. Costs from reproductive interference can be “traded-off” against costs from larval competition, leading to competitive outcomes difficult to predict from empirical evidence. Sterilisations of a self-limiting species can counter-intuitively lead to higher densities than a competitor suffering less sterilisation. We identify that functional responses and reproductive interference mediate a concomitant relationship between vector ecological dynamics and epidemiology. Competitors with opposite functional responses can maintain disease where human hosts are rare, due to vector coexistence facilitated by a reduced cost from reproductive interference. Our work elucidates the relative roles of the competitive mechanisms governing Aedes populations and the associated epidemiological consequences.
Mitogenomic Diversity in Sacred Ibis Mummies sheds light on early Egyptian practices
Authors: Wasef Sally , Subramanian Sankar , O’Rorke Richard , Huynen Leon , El-Marghani Samia , Curtis Caitlin , Popinga Alex , Holland Barbara , Ikram Salima , Millar Craig , Willerslev Eske , Lambert David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ancient catacombs of Egypt harbor millions of well-preserved mummified Sacred Ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus) dating from ∼600BC. Although it is known that a very large number of these ‘votive’ mummies were sacrificed to the Egyptian God Thoth, how the ancient Egyptians obtained millions of these birds for mummification remains unresolved. Ancient Egyptian textual evidences suggest they may have been raised in dedicated large-scale farms. To investigate the most likely method used by the priests to secure birds for mummification, we report the first study of complete mitochondrial genomes of 14 Sacred Ibis mummies interred ∼2500 years ago. We analysed and compared the mitogenomic diversity among Sacred Ibis mummies to that found in modern Sacred Ibis populations from throughout Africa. The ancient birds show a high level of genetic variation comparable to that identified in modern African populations, contrary to the suggestion in ancient hieroglyphics (or ancient writings) of centralized industrial scale farming of sacrificial birds. This suggests a sustained short-term taming of the wild Sacred Ibis for the ritual yearly demand.
Short-term evolution under copper stress increases probability of plasmid uptake
Authors: Klümper Uli , Maillard Arnaud , Hesse Elze , Bayer Florian , Houte Stineke van , Longdon Ben , Gaze Will , Buckling Angus 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnderstanding plasmid transfer dynamics remains a key knowledge gap in the mitigation of antibiotic resistance gene spread. Direct effects of exposure to stressors on plasmid uptake are well monitored. However, it remains untested whether evolution of strains under stress conditions modulates subsequent plasmid uptake. Here, we evolved a compost derived microbial community for six weeks under copper stress and non-exposed control conditions. We then tested the ability of isolated clones from both treatments to take up the broad host range plasmid pKJK5 from anE.colidonor strain. Clones pre-adapted to copper displayed a significantly increased probability to be permissive towards the plasmid compared to those isolated from the control treatment. Further, increased phylogenetic distance to the donor strain was significantly and negatively correlated with plasmid uptake probabilities across both treatments.
Menace to the ultimate antimicrobials among commonEnterobacteriaceaeclinical isolates in part of North-East India
Authors: Sharma Mohan , Chetia Pankaj , Puzari Minakshi , Neog Nakul , Borah Amrit 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionEnterobacteriaceae, the normal dwellers in the human intestine, commonly associated with a variety of community acquired and nosocomial infections. Emerging trend of antibiotic resistance among these strains is a notable issue globally; more serious threat is the resistance against the available last resort antibiotics- the carbapenems. Our study thus intended to determine the burden of resistance towards this ultimate antimicrobial class, so as to assist in the empiric therapeutic decision making process and to search for alternate options.Materials and MethodsOur study was a cross-sectional study with inclusion of clinical isolates collected from varied sources, from health settings in upper Assam. The isolates were identified based on standard methods of morphology study and biochemical tests. The identified isolates were then subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing following Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and the result interpreted as per the CLSI guidelines. The resistance of the reported carbapenem resistant isolates was confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination using commercial E-strip kit.ResultsAmong the enterobacterial isolatesKlebsiellaspp. accounted the majority, followed byEscherichia coli,Citrobacterspp.,Shigellaspp. and others. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was noted among 67.6% isolates; however, carbapenem resistance was confirmed in 18.9% of the totalEnterobacteriaceaeisolates.ConclusionHigher prevalence of resistance towards the last resort antimicrobial, carbapenems, among theEnterbacteriaceaeisolates of upper Assam seems to be upcoming threat to the region, limiting the treatment options in future.
SPINT1 regulates the aggressiveness of skin cutaneous melanoma and its crosstalk with tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Gómez-Abenza Elena , Ibáñez-Molero Sofía , García Moreno Diana , Fuentes Inmaculada , Zon Leonard I. , Mione Maria C. , Cayuela María L. , Gabellini Chiara , Mulero Victoriano 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSkin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer and while incidence rates are declining for most cancers, they have been steadily rising for SKCM worldwide. Serine protease inhibitor, kunitz-type, 1 (SPINT1) is a type II transmembrane serine protease inhibitor that has been shown to be involved in the development of several types of cancer. We report here a high prevalence ofSPINT1genetic alterations in SKCM patients and their association with altered tumor immune microenvironment and poor patient survival. We used the unique advantages of the zebrafish to model the impact of SPINT1 deficiency in early transformation, progression and metastatic invasion of SKCM. Our results reveal that Spint1a deficiency facilitates oncogenic transformation, regulates the tumor/immune microenvironment crosstalk, accelerates the onset of SKCM and promotes metastatic invasion. Notably, Spint1a deficiency is required at both cell autonomous and nonautonomous levels to enhance invasiveness of SKCM. These results suggest the relevance of clinical intervention on this signaling pathway for precision SKCM medicine.Summary statementA zebrafish model shows that Spint1a deficiency facilitates oncogenic transformation, regulates the tumor/immune microenvironment crosstalk, accelerates the onset of SKCM, and promotes metastatic invasion in cell autonomous and non-autonomous manners.
Non-financial KPIs in annual report narratives: Australian practice
Authors: Bayne Lyndie , Wee Marvin 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide preliminary evidence on current practices in non-financial key performance indicator (KPI) reporting in annual reports by listed Australian companies to inform Australian legislators and accounting standard setters contemplating regulations and guidance for non-financial performance disclosure, including input into the revision of IFRS Practice Statement 1: Management Commentary (2010).

Design/methodology/approach
Non-financial KPIs were hand-collected from the annual report narratives of 40 listed Australian companies from five sectors in 2016. Trends in the type, quantity, comparability and range of non-financial KPIs were analysed, and the association between company characteristics and non-financial disclosure was explored.

Findings
In total, 78 per cent of the sampled companies disclose non-financial KPIs in their annual reports, reporting 11 non-financial KPIs per company on average. The most common category is Employee, followed by Environment, accounting for 68 per cent of non-financial KPIs. Provision of comparators is low, with only 28 per cent of non-financial KPIs disclosed with prior year results and 24 per cent disclosed with a target. Companies disclose across a median of two out of seven categories. Company size is shown to be associated with non-financial measures.

Originality/value
The study contributes initial detailed empirical Australian evidence of non-financial KPI reporting practices. A framework is established for assessing non-financial KPI disclosure, adding to voluntary disclosure studies. A data collection method is developed for collecting KPIs from annual report narratives, contributing to the methodology used in voluntary reporting content analysis.
Crowdsourcing for search engines: perspectives and challenges
Authors: Moradi Mohammad 
Published: April 2019

PurposeAs a relatively new computing paradigm, crowdsourcing has gained enormous attention in the recent decade. Its compliance with the Web 2.0 principles, also, puts forward unprecedented opportunities to empower the related services and mechanisms by leveraging humans’ intelligence and problem solving abilities. With respect to the pivotal role of search engines in the Web and information community, this paper aims to investigate the advantages and challenges of incorporating people – as intelligent agents – into search engines’ workflow.Design/methodology/approachTo emphasize the role of the human in computational processes, some specific and related areas are studied. Then, through studying the current trends in the field of crowd-powered search engines and analyzing the actual needs and requirements, the perspectives and challenges are discussed.FindingsAs the research on this topic is still in its infancy, it is believed that this study can be considered as a roadmap for future works in the field. In this regard, current status and development trends are delineated through providing a general overview of the literature. Moreover, several recommendations for extending the applicability and efficiency of next generation of crowd-powered search engines are presented. In fact, becoming aware of different aspects and challenges of constructing search engines of this kind can shed light on the way of developing working systems with respect to essential considerations.Originality/valueThe present study was aimed to portrait the big picture of crowd-powered search engines and possible challenges and issues. As one of the early works that provided a comprehensive report on different aspects of the topic, it can be regarded as a reference point.
The determinants of conventional banks profitability in developing and underdeveloped OIC countries
Authors: Al-Harbi Ahmad 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of internal and external variables on the profitability of conventional banks operating on developing and underdeveloped countries, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) states.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the author uses ordinary least squares fixed-effects model on an unbalanced panel data set of all conventional banks operating in OIC countries (52 countries included from 57) over the period 1989-2008, 686 banks.FindingsThe results suggest that equity, foreign ownership, off-balance sheet (OBS) activities, real gross domestic product growth, real interest rate and concentration foster banks’ profitability. In addition, the results showed that the banking sector development and loans will increase banks’ profitability in the long run in the countries of the studies. In contrast, the study reported that deposits lower profitability. The study also revealed that GDP per capita, market capitalization and banks size have no impact on profitability.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study have considerable policy implications. First, policymakers need to regulate nontraditional activities to avoid any financial crisis because banks in OIC countries are heavily engaged in nontraditional activities to boost its profit. Second, policymakers are advised to improve the deposit insurance system to insure the stability of the financial system as well as improving banks’ profitability. Third, policymakers need to improve the efficiency of the stock market, maintain small banking system and encourage foreign investments in the banking system.Originality/valueThe paper adds to the literature on the commercial bank’s profitability determinants. In particular, such study has not been conducted on OIC countries, and the study included all mainstream banks and incorporated the effect of deposit insurance system so far. Also, pure sample of conventional banks used as many conventional banks in OIC countries have Islamic windows or offer Islamic products. In addition, this study investigated the effect of OBS activities on net interest margin (NIM) because the studies that explored this interrelationship are limited especially for developing and under developed countries. The results showed that OBS activities contributed significantly and positively to return on assets and NIM. Moreover, this paper used a pure sample of conventional banks to avoid any biasness; see data section. Moreover, this study gives an idea about the economic situation and financial conditions of OIC countries during the period of the study.
Informalshariahpawnshop in the traditional markets of Surakarta
Authors: Shabbir Malik Shahzad 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThis study aims to explore how informal pawnbrokers and informal pawners interpret the existence of the informal pawnshop in the traditional market in Surakarta, Indonesia, with the main focus to determine the applicability of informal pawnshop development model.Design/methodology/approachThe research used the qualitative method with the phenomenological approach using interview method to fully comprehend the informants’ views regarding the informal pawnshop existence in traditional markets in Surakarta, Indonesia. The applicability of informal pawnshop development model is required for Muslim market vendors. Charitable institutions shall participate in the development of the model by empowering (zakat, infaq, shadaqahandwaqf) funds to help Muslims vendors in the traditional markets for additional capital in accordance with Islamic laws for a pawnshop.FindingsThe result of the research shows that the existence of informal pawning in the traditional markets is difficult to avoid as both informal pawnbrokers and informal pawners need one another. Most vendors in the traditional markets are Muslims. Islam teaches that loan interest is categorized as forbidden riba. Meanwhile, in the informal pawning practices, the informal pawnbrokers charge loan interest to the informal pawners.Originality/valueThe objective of this study is to investigate to what extent the Islamic pawn shops motivated the people through interest-free system. However, in past, tradition markets facilitate the people, but they charged a huge against it with interest (riba).
Abiding by the rules?
Authors: Freese Thea , Gille Michael , Struthers John 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Increased political measures to protect the marine environment addresses a shipping industry characterised by strained financial resources, excess supply of capacity and consolidation. In addition, 5-15 per cent of industry participants are believed by shipping experts to neglect rules on vessel-source pollution to stay competitive within their industry and vis-à-vis other transport modes. This study aims to identify and quantify cost effects of maritime environmental legislation, to relate these with company characteristics and to investigate the impact of regulatory compliance.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed-methods design was used to develop both a theoretical model of compliance costs effects and to quantify effect sizes. In total, 12 in-depth exploratory expert interviews were conducted and analysed. A theoretical framework emerged, which was evaluated, strengthened and fed with quantitative data from questionnaire data by 120 shipping companies. Partial least squares analysis was conducted to determine compliance cost effects.

Findings
It was found that organisational capacities played a significant role in determining compliance behaviour. Exterior determinants showed no significant correlation with legal compliance. This is a striking result, as it does not support achieving legal compliance with measures of strong enforcement.

Social implications
European transport policy-making depends on scientifically sound studies on the impact of policy. An in-depth impact assessment on environmental legislation for the maritime industry highlights mechanisms applicable to environmental policy-making in transport and helps in building policy that considers compliance concerns, company characteristics and the interconnectedness of different transport modes for a sound response to the tragedy of the commons.

Originality/value
Originality lies in the inductive development of a comprehensive theory on shipping companies’ legal compliance behaviour and the empirical testing of this theory. Further value is derived from applying a sequential mixed-methods approach to the research problem, showing both the worth and challenge in combining different methodologies to achieve sound research results.
The alumni club: interpersonal contact and the exchange of recovery oriented helping in a sample of former residents of a therapeutic community for women
Authors: Linley Jessica V. , Warren Keith L. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Aftercare is an important predictor of outcomes following treatment for substance abuse. Despite this, there is evidence that the great majority of substance abusing clients choose not to participate in aftercare. Aftercare programs that are tied to specific residential treatment facilities, sometimes known as alumni groups or alumni clubs, might increase participation by offering former residents the opportunity to maintain treatment oriented social networks. Therapeutic communities (TCs), which emphasize mutual aid between residents, are ideal candidates for such programs. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 100 randomly chosen former TC residents were randomly surveyed regarding their contact with fellow alumni and their exchange of recovery oriented helping behaviors. A thirty day timeline follow-back methodology was used.

Findings
Contact was primarily through electronic means, particularly phone calls, texts and the alumni club Facebook page. Participants who reported more electronic contact also reported more days in which they offered and received recovery oriented help. Participants who were African American or had spent more time in TC treatment offered and received recovery oriented help on more days.

Research limitations/implications
While this is an exploratory study limited to one TC, this alumni club allows for the maintenance of a mutual aid network after termination. That network primarily consists of electronic forms of contact. A longer time spent in TC treatment may allow for the internalization of the practice of mutual aid. Further research on alumni clubs is warranted.

Originality/value
This is the first survey of TC alumni club members.