bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Flare Net (DeFN) Model for Solar Flare Prediction
Authors: Nishizuka N. , Sugiura K. , Kubo Y. , Den M. , Ishii M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We developed a solar flare prediction model using a deep neural network (DNN) named Deep Flare Net (DeFN). This model can calculate the probability of flares occurring in the following 24 hr in each active region, which is used to determine the most likely maximum classes of flares via a binary classification (e.g., ≥M class versus <M class or ≥C class versus <C class). From 3 × 105 observation images taken during 2010–2015 by the Solar Dynamic Observatory, we automatically detected sunspots and calculated 79 features for each region, to which flare occurrence labels of X-, M-, and C-class were attached. We adopted the features used in Nishizuka et al. (2017) and added some features for operational prediction: coronal hot brightening at 131 Å (T ≥ 107 K) and the X-ray and 131 Å intensity data 1 and 2 hr before an image. For operational evaluation, we divided the database into two for training and testing: the data set in 2010–2014 for training, and the one in 2015 for testing. The DeFN model consists of deep multilayer neural networks formed by adapting skip connections and batch normalizations. To statistically predict flares, the DeFN model was trained to optimize the skill score, i.e., the true skill statistic (TSS). As a result, we succeeded in predicting flares with TSS = 0.80 for ≥M-class flares and TSS = 0.63 for ≥C-class flares. Note that in usual DNN models, the prediction process is a black box. However, in the DeFN model, the features are manually selected, and it is possible to analyze which features are effective for prediction after evaluation.
Differences in the Gas and Dust Distribution in the Transitional Disk of a Sun-like Young Star, PDS 70
Authors: Long Zachary C. , Akiyama Eiji , Sitko Michael , Fernandes Rachel B. , Assani Korash , Grady Carol A. , Cure Michel , Danchi William C. , Dong Ruobing , Fukagawa Misato , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Hashimoto Jun , Henning Thomas , Inutsuka Shu-Ichiro , Kraus Stefan , Kwon Jungmi , Lisse Carey M. , Liu Hauyu Baobabu , Mayama Satoshi , Muto Takayuki , Nakagawa Takao , Takami Michihiro , Tamura Motohide , Currie Thayne , Wisniewski John P. , Yang Yi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present ALMA 0.87 mm continuum, HCO+
J = 4–3 emission line, and CO J = 3–2 emission line data of the disk of material around the young, Sun-like star PDS 70. These data reveal the existence of a possible two-component transitional disk system with a radial dust gap of 0.″42 ± 0.″05, an azimuthal gap in the HCO+
J = 4–3 moment zero map, as well as two bridge-like features in the gas data. Interestingly these features in the gas disk have no analog in the dust disk making them of particular interest. We modeled the dust disk using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code HOCHUNK3D using a two-disk component. We find that there is a radial gap that extends from 15 to 60 au in all grain sizes, which differs from previous work.
The Connection between Different Tracers of the Diffuse Interstellar Medium: Kinematics
Authors: Rice Johnathan S. , Federman S. R. , Flagey Nicolas , Goldsmith Paul F. , Langer William D. , Pineda Jorge L. , Lambert D. L. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Using visible, radio, microwave, and submillimeter data, we study several lines of sight toward stars generally closer than 1 kpc on a component-by-component basis. We derive the component structure seen in absorption at visible wavelengths from Ca ii, Ca i, K i, CH, CH+, and CN and compare it to emission from H i, CO and its isotopologues, and C+ from the GOT C+ survey. The correspondence between components in emission and absorption helps create a more unified picture of diffuse atomic and molecular gas in the interstellar medium. We also discuss how these tracers are related to the CO-dark H2 gas probed by C+ emission and discuss the kinematic connections among the species observed.
OGLE-2016-BLG-1266: A Probable Brown Dwarf/Planet Binary at the Deuterium Fusion Limit
Authors: Albrow M. D. , Yee J. C. , Udalski A. , Novati S. Calchi , Carey S. , Henderson C. B. , Beichman C. , Bryden G. , Gaudi B. S. , Shvartzvald Y. ,   (Spitzer team), Szymański M. K. , Mróz P. , Skowron J. , Poleski R. , Soszyński I. , Kozłowski S. , Pietrukowicz P. , Ulaczyk K. , Pawlak M. ,   (OGLE Collaboration), Chung S.-J. , Gould A. , Han C. , Hwang K.-H. , Jung Y. K. , Ryu Y.-H. , Shin I.-G. , Zhu W. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Kim H.-W. , Kim S.-L. , Lee C.-U. , Lee D.-J. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W. ,   (KMTNet Collaboration)
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We report the discovery, via the microlensing method, of a new very low mass binary system. By combining measurements from Earth and from the Spitzer telescope in Earth-trailing orbit, we are able to measure the microlensing parallax of the event, and we find that the lens likely consists of a (12.0 ± 0.6)M
J + (15.7 ± 1.5)M
J super-Jupiter/brown dwarf pair. The binary is located at a distance of 3.08 ± 0.18 kpc in the Galactic plane, and the components have a projected separation of 0.43 ± 0.03 au. Two alternative solutions with much lower likelihoods are also discussed, an 8M
J and 6M
J model and a 90M
J and 70M
J model. If all photometric measurements were independent and Gaussian distributed with known variances, these alternative solutions would be formally disfavored at the 3σ and 5σ levels. We show how the more massive of these models could be tested with future direct imaging.
Online risk perception in young people and its effects on digital behaviour
Authors: Ramos-Soler Irene , López-Sánchez Carmen , Torrecillas-Lacave Teresa 
Published: May 2018

An important part of current research regarding online risks is aimed at analysing cyber aggression according to its frequency and type. By contrast, there is less scientific knowledge available on risk perception, the analysis of its components, and the measurement and impact on the behaviour of minors on the Internet. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to establish a classification of minors based on their perception of risk, digital consumption habits, family and/or educational protection factors, and the flow of communication. A structured questionnaire was used from a sample of 865 minors aged 10 to 17 from the Autonomous Region of Madrid. Data were processed using SPSS 15.0 and SPAD 5.0. After a factor and classification analysis was conducted, seven different groups were obtained. The predominant profile, in 42% of the cases, is that of a ‘prudent person’, characterized by a high perception of risk, not spending an excessive amount of time on the Internet, avoiding unsafe behaviour, talking with parents about online difficulties, receiving advice, and having clear rules on Internet use. The perception of risk is shown as a relevant construct in relation to other indicators such as child-rearing techniques used by parents, the time children spend on Internet, dependency on the device, and the type of digital behavior involved.
Una parte importante de las investigaciones actuales sobre riesgos online están encaminadas a analizar las ciberagresiones, su frecuencia y forma. En cambio, hay menos acumulación de conocimiento científico centrado en la percepción de riesgo, el análisis de sus componentes y la medición e impacto sobre la actuación de los menores en la red. Por ello, el objetivo principal del estudio es establecer una clasificación de menores a partir de su percepción de riesgo, hábitos de consumo digital, factores de protección familiares y/o educativos y flujos de comunicación. Se ha aplicado un cuestionario estructurado a una muestra de 865 menores, de 10 a 17 años de la Comunidad de Madrid. Los datos se han procesado con SPSS 15.0 y SPAD 5.0. Tras un análisis factorial y de clasificación se han obtenido siete grupos diferenciados. El perfil predominante, en un 42% de los casos, es el de «prudentes», caracterizado por tener una alta percepción de riesgo, no pasar excesivo tiempo en la red, evitar comportamientos no seguros, conversar con los padres sobre las dificultades online, recibir consejos y tener normas claras sobre el uso de Internet. La percepción de riesgo se muestra como un constructo relevante en relación a otros indicadores como la intervención educativa de los padres, el tiempo que se pasa en Internet, la dependencia del dispositivo y el tipo de comportamiento digital.
Music as Metaphor for the Interpretation of a Play: Examples from Sarah Ruhl’s Theater
Authors: Vatain-Corfdir Julie 
Published: May 2018

Comparer le texte d’une pièce à une partition musicale suggère une approche physique et sonore du dialogue, fondée sur l’alternance entre voix et silence, à l’opposé des techniques de jeu « psychologiques ». Ce parallèle connote également la précision, la cadence : il met en avant la notion de rythme, ainsi que celle de liberté, de marge de créativité laissée à l’interprète. Cet article creuse ces problématiques au fil de trois pièces de Sarah Ruhl, en explorant l’écriture des didascalies, la disposition des dialogues sur la page, la résonance du mot et de la réplique. La métaphore de la pièce comme partition met en relief la poésie scénique du théâtre de Sarah Ruhl, et contribue à définir le fonctionnement de son écriture.
Differential Roles of LTβR in Endothelial Cell Subsets for Lymph Node Organogenesis and Maturation
Authors: Wang Zhongnan , Chai Qian , Zhu Mingzhao 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Cellular cross-talk mediated by lymphotoxin αβ–lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling plays a critical role in lymph node (LN) development. Although the major role of LTβR signaling has long been considered to occur in mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer cells, a recent study using a VE-cadherincreLtbrfl/fl mouse model suggested that endothelial LTβR signaling contributes to the formation of LNs. However, the detailed roles of LTβR in different endothelial cells (ECs) in LN development remain unknown. Using various cre transgenic mouse models (Tekcre, a strain targeting ECs, and Lyve1cre, mainly targeting lymphatic ECs), we observed that specific LTβR ablation in Tekcre+ or Lyve1cre+ cells is not required for LN formation. Moreover, double-cre–mediated LTβR depletion does not interrupt LN formation. Nevertheless, TekcreLtbrfl/fl mice exhibit reduced lymphoid tissue inducer cell accumulation at the LN anlagen and impaired LN maturation. Interestingly, a subset of ECs (VE-cadherin+Tekcre-low/neg ECs) was found to be enriched in transcripts related to hematopoietic cell recruitment and transendothelial migration, resembling LN high ECs in adult animals. Furthermore, endothelial Tek was observed to negatively regulate hematopoietic cell transmigration. Taken together, our data suggest that although Tekcre+ endothelial LTβR is required for the accumulation of hematopoietic cells and full LN maturation, LTβR in VE-cadherin+Tekcre-low/neg ECs in embryos might represent a critical portal-determining factor for LN formation.
A survey on preference for continuing professional development among general dental practitioners in Malaysia: A pilot study
Authors: Hamid Nor Faharina Abdul , Affendi Nur Hafizah Kamar , Anwar Nur Elida Shahira Khairul , Tan Nur Fara Izani Muhammad Nor Ikhwan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background: Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is the fundamental components of the Malaysian Dental Council’s policy for improving clinical governance within the dental profession in Malaysia. In Malaysia, participation in CPD activities is compulsory for renewal of practices license. Aim: This study was undertaken to investigate the current CPD practices of Malaysian general dental practitioner (GDP) and to identify the participations in CPD among GDP in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A total of 114 GDP who attended three CPD program at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA were invited to participate in a paper-based questionnaire survey to assess their awareness, participation, and opinion toward the CPD program. Results: Of 110 respondents, 81.7% kept a CPD portfolio. About 93.9% of GDP agree it is important to engage with CPD program. Topic in restorative dentistry, esthetic dentistry, and endodontics attracted high level of interest among GDP, while biostatic was the least preferred. Full-day duration hands-on workshops on Sunday and Saturday was the most preferred CPD programs by most of the respondents. Nearly, 83.3% of GDP considered that lack of time was the main obstacles for attending CPD. Conclusion: This study will provide valuable information to assist Malaysian CPD providers and organizers to formulate appropriate approaches and topics during the planning and conducting the CPD courses and programs according to the needs and actual demands.
Extension Operators for Biholomorphic Mappings
Authors: Wang Jianfei , Zhang Danli 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSuppose that $D\subset \mathbb{C}$ is a simply connected subdomain containing the origin and $f(z_{1})$ is a normalized convex (resp., starlike) function on $D$. Let $$\begin{eqnarray}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{N}(D)=\bigg\{(z_{1},w_{1},\ldots ,w_{k})\in \mathbb{C}\times \mathbb{C}^{n_{1}}\times \cdots \times \mathbb{C}^{n_{k}}:\Vert w_{1}\Vert _{p_{1}}^{p_{1}}+\cdots +\Vert w_{k}\Vert _{p_{k}}^{p_{k}}<\frac{1}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{D}(z_{1})}\bigg\},\end{eqnarray}$$ where $p_{j}\geqslant 1$, $N=1+n_{1}+\cdots +n_{k}$, $w_{1}\in \mathbb{C}^{n_{1}},\ldots ,w_{k}\in \mathbb{C}^{n_{k}}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{D}$ is the density of the hyperbolic metric on $D$. In this paper, we prove that $$\begin{eqnarray}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}_{N,1/p_{1},\ldots ,1/p_{k}}(f)(z_{1},w_{1},\ldots ,w_{k})=(f(z_{1}),(f^{\prime }(z_{1}))^{1/p_{1}}w_{1},\ldots ,(f^{\prime }(z_{1}))^{1/p_{k}}w_{k})\end{eqnarray}$$ is a normalized convex (resp., starlike) mapping on $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{N}(D)$. If $D$ is the unit disk, then our result reduces to Gong and Liu via a new method. Moreover, we give a new operator for convex mapping construction on an unbounded domain in $\mathbb{C}^{2}$. Using a geometric approach, we prove that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}_{N,1/p_{1},\ldots ,1/p_{k}}(f)$ is a spiral-like mapping of type $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ when $f$ is a spiral-like function of type $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ on the unit disk.
Developing an Assessment Framework for Essential Internal Medicine Subspecialty Topics
Authors: Chida Natasha , Brown Christopher , Mathad Jyoti , Carpenter Kelly , Nelson George , Schechter Marcos C. , Rebolledo Paulina A. , Fabre Valeria , Cantillo Diana Silva , Longworth Sarah , Amorosa Valerianna , Petrauskis Christian , Boulanger Catherine , Cain Natalie , Gupta Amita , McKenzie-White Jane , Bollinger Robert , Melia Michael 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Assessing residents by direct observation is the preferred assessment method for infrequently encountered subspecialty topics, but this is logistically challenging.

Objective
We developed an assessment framework for internal medicine (IM) residents in subspecialty topics, using tuberculosis diagnosis for proof of concept.

Methods
We used a 4-step process at 8 academic medical centers that entailed (1) creating a 10-item knowledge assessment tool; (2) pilot testing on a sample of 129 IM residents and infectious disease fellow volunteers to evaluate validity evidence; (3) implementing the final tool among 886 resident volunteers; and (4) assessing outcomes via retrospective chart review. Outcomes included tool score, item performance, and rates of obtaining recommended diagnostics.

Results
Following tool development, 10 infectious disease experts provided content validity. Pilot testing showed higher mean scores for fellows compared with residents (7 [SD = 1.8] versus 3.8 [SD = 1.7], respectively, P &lt; .001) and a satisfactory Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (0.72). Implementation of the tool revealed a 14-minute (SD = 2.0) mean completion time, 61% (541 of 886) response rate, 4.4 (SD = 1.6) mean score, and ≤ 57% correct response rate for 9 of 10 items. On chart review (n = 343), the rate of obtaining each recommended test was ≤ 43% (113 of 261), except for chest x-rays (96%, 328 of 343).

Conclusions
Our assessment framework revealed knowledge and practice gaps in tuberculosis diagnosis in IM residents. Adopting this approach may help ensure assessment is not limited to frequently encountered topics.
Quantifying the effect of mixing on the mean age of air in CCMVal-2 and CCMI-1 models
Authors: Dietmüller Simone , Eichinger Roland , Garny Hella , Birner Thomas , Boenisch Harald , Pitari Giovanni , Mancini Eva , Visioni Daniele , Stenke Andrea , Revell Laura , Rozanov Eugene , Plummer David A. , Scinocca John , Jöckel Patrick , Oman Luke , Deushi Makoto , Kiyotaka Shibata , Kinnison Douglas E. , Garcia Rolando , Morgenstern Olaf , Zeng Guang , Stone Kane Adam , Schofield Robyn 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The stratospheric age of air (AoA) is a useful measure of the overall
capabilities of a general circulation model (GCM) to simulate stratospheric
transport. Previous studies have reported a large spread in the simulation of
AoA by GCMs and coupled chemistry–climate models (CCMs). Compared to
observational estimates, simulated AoA is mostly too low. Here we attempt to
untangle the processes that lead to the AoA differences between the models
and between models and observations. AoA is influenced by both mean transport
by the residual circulation and two-way mixing; we quantify the effects of
these processes using data from the CCM inter-comparison projects CCMVal-2 (Chemistry–Climate
Model Validation Activity 2) and CCMI-1 (Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative, phase 1).
Transport along the residual circulation is measured by the
residual circulation transit time (RCTT). We interpret the difference between
AoA and RCTT as additional aging by mixing. Aging by mixing thus includes
mixing on both the resolved and subgrid scale. We find that the spread in AoA
between the models is primarily caused by differences in the effects of
mixing and only to some extent by differences in residual circulation
strength. These effects are quantified by the mixing efficiency, a measure of
the relative increase in AoA by mixing. The mixing efficiency varies strongly
between the models from 0.24 to 1.02. We show that the mixing efficiency is
not only controlled by horizontal mixing, but by vertical mixing and vertical
diffusion as well. Possible causes for the differences in the models' mixing
efficiencies are discussed. Differences in subgrid-scale mixing (including
differences in advection schemes and model resolutions) likely contribute to
the differences in mixing efficiency. However, differences in the relative
contribution of resolved versus parameterized wave forcing do not appear to be
related to differences in mixing efficiency or AoA.
Synoptic meteorological modes of variability for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality in major metropolitan regions of China
Authors: Leung Danny M. , Tai Amos P. K. , Mickley Loretta J. , Moch Jonathan M. , van Donkelaar Aaron , Shen Lu , Martin Randall V. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In his study, we use a combination of multivariate statistical methods to
understand the relationships of PM2.5 with local meteorology and
synoptic weather patterns in different regions of China across various
timescales. Using June 2014 to May 2017 daily total PM2.5 observations
from ∼ 1500 monitors, all deseasonalized and detrended to focus
on synoptic-scale variations, we find strong correlations of daily PM2.5
with all selected meteorological variables (e.g., positive correlation with
temperature but negative correlation with sea-level pressure throughout
China; positive and negative correlation with relative humidity in northern
and southern China, respectively). The spatial patterns suggest that the
apparent correlations with individual meteorological variables may arise from
common association with synoptic systems. Based on a principal component
analysis of 1998–2017 meteorological data to diagnose distinct
meteorological modes that dominate synoptic weather in four major regions of
China, we find strong correlations of PM2.5 with several synoptic modes
that explain 10 to 40 % of daily PM2.5 variability. These modes
include monsoonal flows and cold frontal passages in northern and central
China associated with the Siberian High, onshore flows in eastern China, and
frontal rainstorms in southern China. Using the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH)
region as a case study, we further find strong interannual correlations of
regionally averaged satellite-derived annual mean PM2.5 with annual mean
relative humidity (RH; positive) and springtime fluctuation frequency of the
Siberian High (negative). We apply the resulting PM2.5-to-climate
sensitivities to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Coupled
Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate projections to predict
future PM2.5 by the 2050s due to climate change, and find a modest
decrease of ∼ 0.5 µg m−3 in annual mean
PM2.5 in the BTH region due to more frequent cold frontal ventilation
under the RCP8.5 future, representing a small “climate benefit”, but the
RH-induced PM2.5 change is inconclusive due to the large inter-model
differences in RH projections.
Drainage reorganization and divide migration induced by the excavation of the Ebro basin (NE Spain)
Authors: Vacherat Arnaud , Bonnet Stéphane , Mouthereau Frédéric 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Intracontinental endorheic basins are key elements of source-to-sink systems as they preserve sediments eroded from the surrounding catchments. Drainage reorganization in such a basin in response to changing boundary conditions has strong implications on the sediment routing system and on landscape evolution. The Ebro and Duero basins represent two foreland basins, which developed in response to the growth of surrounding compressional orogens, the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian mountains to the north, the Iberian Ranges to the south, and the Catalan Coastal Range to the east. They were once connected as endorheic basins in the early Oligocene. By the end of the Miocene, new post-orogenic conditions led to the current setting in which the Ebro and Duero basins are flowing in opposite directions, towards the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Although these two hydrographic basins recorded a similar history, they are characterized by very different morphologic features. The Ebro basin is highly excavated, whereas relicts of the endorheic stage are very well preserved in the Duero basin. The contrasting morphological preservation of the endorheic stage represents an ideal natural laboratory to study the drivers (internal and/or external) of post-orogenic drainage divide mobility, drainage network, and landscape evolution. To that aim, we use field and map observations and we apply the χ analysis of river profiles along the divide between the Ebro and Duero drainage basins. We show here that the contrasting excavation of the Ebro and Duero basins drives a reorganization of their drainage network through a series of captures, which resulted in the southwestward migration of their main drainage divide. Fluvial captures have a strong impact on drainage areas, fluxes, and their respective incision capacity. We conclude that drainage reorganization driven by the capture of the Duero basin rivers by the Ebro drainage system explains the first-order preservation of endorheic stage remnants in the Duero basin, due to drainage area loss, independently from tectonics and climate.