bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled ecological evaluation of an implemented exercise-training programme to prevent lower limb injuries in sport: population-level trends in hospital-treated injuries
Authors: Finch Caroline F , Gray Shannon E , Akram Muhammad , Donaldson Alex , Lloyd David G , Cook Jill L 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveExercise-training programmes have reduced lower limb injuries in trials, but their population-level effectiveness has not been reported in implementation trials. This study aimed to demonstrate that routinely collected hospital data can be used to evaluate population-level programme effectiveness.MethodA controlled ecological design was used to evaluate the effect of FootyFirst, an exercise-training programme, on the number of hospital-treated lower limb injuries sustained by males aged 16–50 years while participating in community-level Australian Football. FootyFirst was implemented with ‘support’ (FootyFirst+S) or ‘without support’ (FootyFirst+NS) in different geographic regions of Victoria, Australia: 22 clubs in region 1: FootyFirst+S in 2012/2013; 25 clubs in region 2: FootyFirst+NS in 2012/2013; 31 clubs region 3: control in 2012, FootyFirst+S in 2013. Interrupted time-series analysis compared injury counts across regions and against trends in the rest of Victoria.ResultsAfter 1 year of FootyFirst+S, there was a non-statistically significant decline in the number of lower limb injuries in region 1 (2012) and region 3 (2013); this was not maintained after 2 years in region 1. Compared with before FootyFirst in 2006–2011, injury count changes at the end of 2013 were: region 1: 20.0% reduction (after 2 years support); region 2: 21.5% increase (after 2 years without support); region 3: 21.8% increase (after first year no programme, second year programme with support); rest of Victoria: 12.6% increase.ConclusionEcological analyses using routinely collected hospital data show promise as the basis of population-level programme evaluation. The implementation and sustainability of sports injury prevention programmes at the population-level remains challenging.
Substantial underdiagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum in men who have sex with men in Europe: preliminary findings from a multicentre surveillance pilot
Authors: Cole Michelle Jayne , Field Nigel , Pitt Rachel , Amato-Gauci Andrew J , Begovac Josip , French Patrick D , Keše Darja , Klavs Irena , Zidovec Lepej Snjezana , Pöcher Katharina , Stary Angelika , Schalk Horst , Spiteri Gianfranco , Hughes Gwenda 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesUnderstanding the public health impact of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in Europe is hampered by inadequate diagnostics and surveillance systems in many European countries. We developed and piloted LGV surveillance in three European countries without existing systems and performed a preliminary investigation of LGV epidemiology, where little evidence currently exists.MethodsWe recruited STI or dermatovenereology clinics and associated laboratories serving men who have sex with men (MSM) in Austria, Croatia and Slovenia, using the UK for comparison. We undertook centralised LGV testing ofChlamydia trachomatis(CT)-positive rectal swabs collected between October 2016 and May 2017 from MSM attending these clinics. Stored specimens from Austria (2015–2016) and Croatia (2014) were also tested. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected using a standardised proforma. TheompAgene of LGV-positive specimens was sequenced.ResultsIn total, 500 specimens from CT-positive MSM were tested, and LGV positivity was 25.6% (128/500; 95% CI 22.0% to 29.6%) overall, and 47.6% (79/166; 40.1% to 55.2%) in Austria, 20.0% (3/15; 7.1% to 45.2%) in Croatia, 16.7% (1/6; 3.0% to 56.4%) in Slovenia and 14.4% (45/313; 10.9% to 18.7 %) in the UK. Proformas were completed for cases in Croatia, Slovenia and in the UK; proformas could not be completed for Austrian cases, but limited data were available from line listings. Where recorded, 83.9% (78/93) of LGV-CT cases were HIV-positive compared with 65.4% (149/228) of non-LGV-CT cases; MSM with LGV-CT were more likely to have proctitis (Austria, 91.8% vs 40.5%, p<0.001; Croatia, 100% vs 25%, p=0.04; UK, 52.4% vs 11.7%, p<0.001) than those with non-LGV-CT. Six differentompAsequences were identified, including three new variants; the L2ompAsequence predominated (58.6%, 51/87).ConclusionsLGV is substantially underdiagnosed in MSM across Europe. Unified efforts are needed to overcome barriers to testing, establish effective surveillance, and optimise diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Heat and Helium-3 Fluxes from Teide Volcano, Canary Islands, Spain
Authors: Alonso Mar , Padrón Eleazar , Sumino Hirochika , Hernández Pedro A. , Melián Gladys V. , Asensio-Ramos María , Rodríguez Fátima , Padilla Germán , García-Merino Marta , Amonte Cecilia , Pérez Nemesio M. 
Published: June 2019

During July 2016, the first integrated heat flow, CO2, and 3He emission survey was conducted across 0.5 km2 of the summit cone and crater of Teide volcano, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. The thermal energy released from Teide summit cone by diffuse degassing was 2.2 MW, and the heat flux calculated through Dawson’s method was 8.1 MW, difference due to the comparison of purely convective areas as the crater with diffusive areas as the flanks of the volcano. Diffuse CO2 output was 211±20 t d-1, and 3He emission was estimated to be within a range between 0.35 and 0.89 mol y-1. The obtained values of diffuse degassing and heat fluxes are close to others obtained for similar volcanic areas. The calculation of 3He/heat ratio for the first time in this volcanic system supports the presence of an important mantle source for the degassing of Teide volcano.
O desenho como meio primevo de conhecimento
Authors: Lopes José Maria da Silva 
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo discorre sobre algumas questões que se fizeram presentes no Colóquio Desenho + Projecto: Diálogo entre São Paulo e Porto e aborda o debate sobre os meios digitais e a prática do desenho. Apresenta o programa e a metodologia da Disciplina de Desenho ministrada na Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade do Porto, onde o desenho reforça a identidade do Curso, comparecendo como instrumento fundamental no processo projetivo.
Para aprender da pedra, frequentá-la
Authors: Lancha Joubert José 
Published: June 2019

Uma obra de arte é depositária de um enorme número de desenhos; uns indispensáveis para a definição e realização de sua forma, outros secundários, mas não menos importantes, sempre permaneceram ao largo daqueles definitivos em estado de espera. Ao longo do tempo, esse numero de desenhos pode ir se acumulando, essa a sua grande riqueza. Como alternativa de aproximação à essa fortuna podemos então seguir o conselho de João Cabral de Melo Neto no poema ‘A Educação pela Pedra” e, para aprender do desenho, como da pedra, outra vez frequentá-lo.
Desenho e interdisciplinaridade: desenho em transversalidade
Authors: Hladkyi Daniela Zavisas 
Published: June 2019

A cooperação estabelecida entre os cursos de arquitetura do IAU-USP (São Carlos-SP, Brasil) e da FAUP (Porto, Portugal) incentivou a pesquisa e a produção de trabalhos em vários níveis. No âmbito da pós-graduação desenvolvemos um estudo onde o confronto entre os procedimentos disciplinares das duas escolas foi objeto de investigação. Neste artigo buscamos analisar relações que partem das disciplinas de desenho nos dois cursos onde sempre se faz presente uma intenção de interação e proximidade com as atividades de projeto arquitetônico. Buscamos compreender como essas relações se dão do ponto de vista pedagógico nas esferas da interdisciplinaridade, multidisciplinaridade e transdisciplinaridade.
Improved Multifractal Fusion Method to Blend SMOS Sea Surface Salinity Based on Semiparametric Weight Function
Authors: Yan Hengqian , Zhang Ren , Wang Gongjie , Wang Huizan , Chen Jian , Bao Senliang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe multifractal fusion method has proved to be an effective algorithm to mitigate the noise of the sea surface salinity (SSS) of Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. However, the traditional nonparametric weight function used in this method is unable to fully capture the dynamic evolution of the oceanic environment. Considering the multiscale, nonuniform, anisotropic, and flow-dependent nature of the ocean, a prototype with the so-called flexible circle (FLC) weight function or flexible ellipse (FLE) weight function with a set of predefined parameters is proposed in this paper. The improved weight functions could draw dynamic information from the sea surface temperature, Rossby radius of deformation, and surface geostrophic flow to improve the quality of the remotely sensed SSS. The validation against the in situ data indicates that the improved weight functions perform better than the traditional one with a reduced root-mean-square (RMS) and standard deviation (STD) of the differences with respect to EN 4.2.0 profiles (from 0.50 and 0.46 to 0.42 and 0.38 for FLC and 0.39 and 0.36 for FLE in the global ocean). In particular, the FLE scheme could highlight the variation of the strong currents without affecting the computational efficiency. Furthermore, this paper discusses the influences of the error distribution on the fusion results and underlines the importance of error-based adaptions for further improvements.
Assessing the Economic Value of Pharmacy Resident Participation in an Investigational Drug Service
Authors: Brown Jamie N. , Gordon Sara E. , Tillman Frank , Jacob Sherin , Britnell Sara R. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Completion of postgraduate residency training gives pharmacists an opportunity to gain advanced practice experience, yet the availability of these positions is often limited. Through participation in an investigational drug service (IDS), residency programs may be able to expand learning experiences while demonstrating a financial benefit to the institution. The purpose of this assessment is to examine the economic value generated by pharmacy resident involvement within an IDS. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective record review. All resident dispensations within the IDS from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017, were evaluated for cost avoidance, revenue, and waived revenue. Cost avoidance was defined as the cost of medications the institution would have incurred had the sponsor not provided therapies free of charge. Medical center contract acquisition costs were used to determine cost avoidance. Total economic value accounted for the personnel costs of resident dispensations. Descriptive statistics were utilized for all assessments. Results: A total of 444 resident dispensations occurred during the study period on 15 IDS protocols. The total cost avoidance for resident dispensations was US$144 898. Total revenue for these dispensations was US$1424, and waived revenue fees totaled US$17 625. After accounting for the personnel cost of dispensations by the residents, the total economic value of resident participation in the IDS was US$159 150. Conclusion: Resident participation in the IDS contributed economic value to the institution. The IDS provides a unique learning experience for the pharmacy residents, cost savings for the institution, and supports the advancement of patient care.
Understanding adverse drug-related emergency department visits: development of a conceptual model through a systematic review
Authors: Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim , Shitu Zayyanu , Khalid Garba Mohammed , Yunusa Ismaeel , Awaisu Ahmed 
Published: June 2019

Background: The burden of adverse drug event (ADE)-related emergency department (ED) visits is increasing despite several preventive measures. The objective of this paper was to develop and validate a conceptual model for a better understanding of ADE-related ED visits and to guide the design and implementation of effective interventions. Methods: The development of the model involved a systematic review of the literature using PubMed and Embase databases. Studies reporting the risk factors associated with ADE-related ED visits were included. The methodological qualities of the included studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The model was mapped and validated using face and content validity by an expert panel. Deficiencies and targeted interventions were identified, and steps for the design and implementation were recommended. Results: The literature search generated 1361 articles, of which 38 were included in the review; 41 risk factors associated with ADE-related ED visits were identified. All factors were mapped, and the model was validated through face and content validity. The model consisted of six concepts related to sociodemographic factors, clinical factors, ADE-related to ED visits, ADE while in the ED, outcomes, and consequences. Interventions could be targeted at the factors identified in each concept to prevent ADE-related ED burden. Conclusion: A conceptual model to guide the successful design and implementation of strategies to prevent ADE-related ED visits and the occurrence of ADE at ED was developed. Clinicians should take these factors into consideration to prevent untoward events, especially when treating high-risk patients.
The long-term effect of an exercise and diet intervention in asthma patients: a 1-year follow-up on a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bentzon Adrian Koch , Loehde Linda Wolfgang , Backer Vibeke , Toennesen Louise 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundIn the EFFORT (Effects of Exercise and Diet in Nonobese Asthma Patients – A Randomized Controlled Trial) study, maximum exercise capacity (V′O2max) increased significantly within a 2-month high-intensity spinning period. Furthermore, the study concluded that only the combined exercise and diet intervention improved asthma control, significantly. This study examined whether original improvements inV′O2maxand asthma control were present 1 year after intervention completion.MethodIn the original trial, 149 patients were randomised into four study groups. Participants were assessed with an incremental cycle ergometer test and the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). Of the 149 patients, 66 accepted the follow-up invitation. Participants were distributed in their original groups: exercise group (n=18), diet group (n=117), combined diet and exercise group (n=115) and the control group (n=110). Patients were assessed with original procedures. Though, upon measuringV′O2max, the original four study groups were merged into one spinning group (n=127) and one nonspinning group (n=133).ResultsComparing the spinning and nonspinning group, there was no significant between-group difference inV′O2max, at 1-year follow-up (p=0.3). In addition, there was no significant between-group difference in ACQ score (p=0.6). Hence, in the combined group, the initial improvement in the ACQ score had regressed to pre-intervention values within 1 year from study completion.ConclusionThere were no measurable long-lasting effects onV′O2max1 year after the intervention was completed. Furthermore, there was no long-lasting effect of the combined intervention on asthma control.
A Polygenic Lipodystrophy Genetic Risk Score Characterizes Risk Independent of BMI in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Srinivasan Shylaja , Jablonski Kathleen A , Knowler William C , Dagogo-Jack Samuel , E. Kahn Steven , Boyko Edward J , Bray George A , Horton Edward S , Hivert Marie-France , Goldberg Ronald , Chen Ling , Mercader Josep , Harden Maegan , Florez Jose C ,   Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Context
There is substantial heterogeneity in insulin sensitivity, and genetics may suggest possible mechanisms by which common variants influence this trait.

Objectives
We aimed to evaluate an 11-variant polygenic lipodystrophy genetic risk score (GRS) for association with anthropometric, glycemic and metabolic traits in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). In secondary analyses, we tested the association of the GRS with cardiovascular risk factors in the DPP.

Design
In 2713 DPP participants, we evaluated a validated GRS of 11 common variants associated with fasting insulin-based measures of insulin sensitivity discovered through genome-wide association studies that cluster with a metabolic profile of lipodystrophy, conferring high metabolic risk despite low body mass index (BMI).

Results
At baseline, a higher polygenic lipodystrophy GRS was associated with lower weight, BMI, and waist circumference measurements, but with worse insulin sensitivity index (ISI) values. Despite starting at a lower weight and BMI, a higher GRS was associated with less weight and BMI reduction at one year and less improvement in ISI after adjusting for baseline values but was not associated with diabetes incidence. A higher GRS was also associated with more atherogenic low-density lipoprotein peak-particle-density at baseline but was not associated with coronary artery calcium scores in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.

Conclusions
In the DPP, a higher polygenic lipodystrophy GRS for insulin resistance with lower BMI was associated with diminished improvement in insulin sensitivity and potential higher cardiovascular disease risk. This GRS helps characterize insulin resistance in a cohort of individuals at high risk for diabetes, independent of adiposity.
Genome Wide Association Study of an Association between Gene Polymorphisms and the Increased Frequency of Cytogenetic Abnormalities in the Persons Exposed to Long-Term Irradiation
Authors: Халюзова М. , Khalyuzova M. , Цыганов М. , Tsyganov M. , Исубакова Д. , Isubakova D. , Брониковская Е. , Bronikovskaya E. , Усова Т. , Usova T. , Литвяков Н. , Litviakov N. , Карпов А. , Karpov A. , Тахауова Л. , Takhauova L. , Тахауов Р. , Takhauova T. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To conduct genome wide association study of the association of 750,000 SNPs and an increased frequency of different types of chromosomal aberrations, induced by chronic irradiation in the dose range of 100–300 mSv.
Material and methods: The study was conducted among Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises healthy employees (n = 37) exposed to professional external γ-radiation in a dose range of 100–300 mSv. The de novo induced CNVs were previously detected in these persons. Mean dose – 188.8 ± 8.3 mSv, median – 185 mSv, interquartile range – 147.8–218.7 mSv, min – 103.4 mSv, max – 295.8 mSv. Genotyping of DNA samples from 37 employees was carried out by microarray CytoScan™ HD Array (Affymetrix, USA), containing 750,000 SNP-markers of 36,000 genes. The standard cytogenetic analysis was performed in the entire examined group.
Results: We analyzed the association of these SNPs with the frequencies of aberrant cells and following chromosomal aberrations: single chromatid fragments, chromatid exchanges, paired fragments, dicentrics, rings, and translocations. We have found that 8 SNPs (rs10779468, rs158735, rs158710, rs158712, rs11131536, rs528170, rs9533572, rs10512439) are associated with the frequency of aberrant cells.
Conclusion: We have discovered polymorphic variants that are associated with an increased frequency of aberrant cells in workers of Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises exposed to irradiation at a dose of 100–300 mSv. This polymorphic variants can be considered as potential markers of individual radiosensitivity. To confirm identified associations, further validation studies on an extended sample of people exposed to radiation are needed.
Leakage Radiometric Control of Chemical Drugs with Regional Perfusion of Surgical Isolated Limbs
Authors: Наркевич Б. , Narkevich B. , Ширяев С. , Shiryaev S. , Лагутина И. , Lagutina I. , Буйденок Ю. , Buydenok Yu. , Харатишвили Т. , Kharatishvili T. , Петроченко Н. , Petrochenko N. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Modernization and evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of the technology of continuous radiometric monitoring carried out during high-dose chemotherapy of a surgically isolated limb with tumor foci.
Material and methods: A modernized radiometric control technology for regional limb perfusion is proposed. It is based on in vivo labeling of erythrocytes with 99mTc eluate followed by continuous monitoring of the activity of labeled erythrocytes as a simulator of a chemotherapy drug over the heart region. Its distinctive features are intravenous injection of a pyrfotech slice after giving inhalation anesthesia to ensure a sufficient level of red blood cell chelation, as well as using 99mTc activity less than its minimum significant level, which allows working with an open source of ionizing radiation without violating the requirements of radiation safety regulations.
Results: The developed technology was successfully used with 106 regional perfusion of the upper and lower extremities in patients with melanoma or sarcoma of soft tissues. In 4 cases, according to the results of radiometric control, the intervention of the surgical team was required to reduce the chemical preparation leakage that was occurring.
Conclusion: The technology upgraded by us is characterized by ease of implementation, the ability to take timely measures to prevent or reduce the leakage of a chemotherapy drug from an isolated limb according to the results of continuous in vivo radiometric monitoring of 99mTc-labeled red blood cells over the heart, as well as low radiation load on the patient and staff.
EFFECT OF AUSTENITIC GRAIN SIZE ON THE PHASE TRANSFORMATION OF A NOVEL 6.5% CR STEEL FOR FORGED COMPONENTS
Authors: Di Schino Andrea 
Published: June 2019

<p class="AMSmaintext"><span lang="EN-GB">In this paper the effect of quenching and tempering (Q&amp;T) thermal treatment on mechanical properties of a novel 6.5% Cr steel for forged components is studied. Main innovation of such steel is in the increased hardenability following the Cr content with respect to the more common 5% Cr steel allowing to add lower content of other elements aimed to achieve the target mechanical properties. Following to the high intrinsic hardenability of such steel based on the Cr content a poor effect of prior austenite grain size should be expected after quenching. Aim of this work is to evaluate such effect and to analyse the dependence of mechanical properties on it. </span></p>
The Carers' Alert Thermometer (CAT): supporting family carers of people living with motor neurone disease
Authors: O'Brien Mary R , Jack Barbara A , Kinloch Karen , Clabburn Oliver , Knighting Katherine 
Published: June 2019

Background: Burden and distress among family carers of people living with motor neurone disease (MND) are reported widely. Evidence-based screening tools to help identify these carers' needs and plan appropriate support are urgently needed. Aim: To pilot the Carers' Alert Thermometer (CAT), a triage tool developed to identify carers' needs, with family carers of people living with MND to determine its usefulness in identifying their need for support. Methods: Training workshops with MND Association visitors (AVs) and staff in southwest and northwest England, followed by implementation of the CAT. A self-completed online survey and semi-structured telephone interview evaluated use of the CAT. Findings: Sixteen participants completed the online survey with 11 volunteering to be interviewed. The CAT has potential to map change over time, help to focus on carers' needs and improve communication with carers. Conclusion: The CAT provides a structure enabling AVs to engage in a meaningful process with family carers to identify and discuss their needs.