bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel functionalization treatment of MWCNTs for unmanned aerial vehicle structure
Authors: Alawy Alaa , Abdlghany Mohamed , Wafy Tamer , Hassan Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Present typescript encompasses the influences of functionalization on the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using acid oxidation which has been widely reported not only as a purification process but also as functionalization process because it is an effect on the outer surface on CNTs. Therefore, using strong acid effect and high power sonication in addition to the nature of the acid mixture (H2SO4/HNO3) with CNTs confirm that adequate volume of carboxyl groups decorate the outer surface, this functionalization process improve the dispersibility of the CNT in the response of the final dimension of the CNTs. Because of using a high temperature for a long time more than 6 hours.
This work interested in the aspect ratio (L/D) and the final shape of the tubes by using a mild temperature process 50°C with concentration acid for not long time 5 hours, in an attempt to make experimental condition which guarantees good functionalization of the surface of MWNTs with minimizing the CNTs damage, The results were confirmed by Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA), Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis.
In addition to the functionalization process we try to save the loss in the weight during the filtration step, in addition to decrease the time during filtration of the materials after sonication. Where the results show that actually functionalization has been done with an adequate amount at this condition, and the dilution for 2 days before filtration have been approved to be easier and faster than direct filtration after treatment.
Testing and evaluation program of lab. scale hybrid propulsion system
Authors: Makled Ah. EL-S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objective of the present paper is to prove the validity design and fully automatically operation of HPS, seeking to achieve its safety, low cost, and flexibility. In the stage of preliminary design, a coupling between experimental and theoretical work has been done, making use of available laboratory facilities and software packages (thermo-chemical calculation), to fully demonstrate all operating conditions. The HPS design includes the solid fuel grain configuration, essential operating parameters, oxidizer feed through control devices, measuring tools with calibration system, data recording and operating system. Commercial fuel materials as Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and Polyethylene (PE) are used during experimental work to represent conventional generation fuel. Furthermore, new generation fuels as paraffin, beeswax, and paraffin with energetic additive metal (AL powder) are used. Gaseous oxygen is used as oxidizer. That may guide to design and fabricate high performance real rocket weapon or space propulsion system, targeting longer term storage and a propulsion system with available technology. The objective is extended to select appropriate ignition system (NiCr coil igniter) for laboratory firing of small-scale engine. One of the main problems (price, safety, available technology) of propulsion system today has been tackled. To that end, analysis has been established, to investigate the regression rate, solid fuel mass flow rate and combustion efficiency for each fuel grain group types.
Numerical performance investigation of a thrust-optimized nozzle at different altitudes
Authors: AbuElkhier M. G. , Shaaban S. , Ahmed Mahmoud Y. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the major design aspects of jet propulsion engines is the nozzle design. The value of thrust generated by the nozzle is dependent on both the nozzle design and the flight altitude. The present paper is intended to shed more light on the jet flow structure and its evolution with flight altitude. In addition, the variation of thrust generated by the nozzle with flight altitude is addressed. A well-defined nozzle profile is adopted as a case study and numerical simulation using a commercial CFD tool is conducted. The solution method is validated by reproducing the experiments conducted on the case study nozzle.
Wi-Fi based indoor localization using trilateration and fingerprinting methods
Authors: El Ashry Abd Elgwad M. , Sheta Bassem I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, mobile devices such as personal computers and smartphones are emerging as a major key in today’s computing platforms for indoor object localization systems due to the object localization in indoor areas strongly suffers from limitation of using GNSS (Global navigation satellite system) systems due to low satellite availability and high signal attenuation. During the last decade, many researchers have developed indoor localization systems which are the process of obtaining user or device location through mobile devices using Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) network signals with promising results and acceptable performance. In these Wi-Fi based localization systems, indoor positioning relies on different types of measurements including Time-Of-Arrival (TOA), Time-Difference-Of-Arrival (TDOA), Angle-Of-Arrival (AOA), and Received Signal Strength (RSS) of Wi-Fi signal.
In this paper, the techniques and algorithms that used for the RSS-based localization such as Trilateration and Fingerprinting which depend on the RSS from the access point (WI-FI). Using Received Signal Strength Ranging approach in the Trilateration method which depends on database that contains path-loss-exponent and shadowing parameter that differ according to the environment, solving the equation using different Access Points (APs) at least 3 APs, the no of the APs and there locations were varied to get the best accuracy which depends on the horizontal dilution of position (HDOP). At the Fingerprinting method depends on matching the recorded offline RSS from nearby access points (AP) to the online RSS received by the user on the move is reviewed. A comparison of location fingerprinting methods involving deterministic method (k-nearest neighbor method and weighted k-nearest neighbor method), probabilistic methods by estimation of likelihood functions with several approaches (non-parametric and parametric)are also explained. The performance parameters of this study include the two-dimensional root mean square error (2D-rms) which measures the localization accuracy. Moreover, the effect of increasing/decreasing the number of APs on the system accuracy is also discussed. The aim of this paper is to announce which method can provide better performance than the others and under what conditions.
A finite element solution of Bergan-Wang plate model
Authors: Hassan Kamal , Ali Ehab , Tawfik Mohammad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bergan-Wang approach has led to a formulation of the strain energy of a plate bending deflection as function of only the transversal deflection of the plate. In this paper, two rectangular plate bending finite elements are introduced, using new degrees of freedom based on Bergan-Wang approach for analysis of thin, moderately thick plates, in terms of this unique variable. The first element has four nodes with 24 DOF while the second has 36 DOF. These two elements are conforming in case of thin plates. Adopting the usual 3 boundary conditions of Reissner-Mindlin theory, variety of examples have been analysed for thin and moderately thick plate bending problems with plurality of finite element meshes and a variety of thickness to plate length ratios with different boundary conditions on sides. As typical characteristics of Bergan-Wang approach, there is no locking as the thickness decreases and convergence to the classical thin plate solution is achieved. Comparison with Reissner-Mindlin and 3D solutions supports the study.
Aircraft protection for complex threat platforms through integrated EWOS application
Authors: Rudd-Orthner R , Mihaylova L S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The advancement of threats is focusing commanders to consider how to combat these complex threats throughout the kill chain including prior to launch and Anti-Access Area Denial (A2AD). To match this technology race, modern platforms have been designed with integrated command and control systems and automated Defensive Aids Suites built on modular open system architectures incorporating less diverse but more complex software driven systems. The successful operation of these combat systems is reliant upon the availability of accurate, configured, harmonised and “time sensitive” mission data without which the systems may be ineffective. This paper explores the use of threat analysis diagramming techniques, and open architectures tightly integrated with a EWOS life-cycle; to develop countermeasures with a measured response beyond the traditional self-protection kill chain stages of self-protection. It introduces how threat analysis prepares understanding for simulation and how a countermeasure description language can be used to store and exchange countermeasures in a structured form. This level of intelligence data support and analysis coordinated and synchronised across multiple platforms thereby facilitating the complexities of force protection higher up the kill chain into an onion of protection mapped to a Venn diagram of countermeasure types (design intentions) with differing data needs.
Waste reduction by linear programing optimizing
Authors: Salah Eldein Sameh A , Sobhi Nahed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The global economic crisis forces many industrial companies to be more concerned in reducing unnecessary cost, and eliminating all possible wastes inside the production lines. So that, most of companies focused on adopting the lean production tools [1]. The core idea of lean manufacturing is actually quite simple; relentlessly work on eliminating wastes from the manufacturing process. These wastes have a direct impact on costs, and profit [2]. Real-life problems can be modelled as linear programs. Linear programming is a problem-solving approach developed for situations involving maximizing or minimizing a linear function subject to linear constraints that, limit the degree to which the objective can be pursued. The objectives of this paper are to develop methods to reduce the waste in the different manufacturing processes in a technical support unit of Airplanes. This paper focuses on developing a linear programming approach in order to reduce the waste of material used in the production line. Single Minute Exchange of Die methodology (SMED) was implemented in order to reduce the changeover time. The achieved results showed that the linear programming is an effective and cheapest tool in optimizing the waste in the production lines. By using linear programming, the organization can reduce the wasted materials from 15.1% to 6.6%, with annual costs saving 288,480 Egyptian pounds (EGP). The achieved results from implementing a simple lean production tool such as, SMED helps the organization to reduce the changeover time by 44%, with annual costs saving 29,440 EGP.
Modelling and simulation of 3DOF parallel manipulator using artificial neural network
Authors: Youssef Abdelrahman , Bayoumy Amgad M , Rostom Mostafa , Tolbah Farid A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Parallel Robot (PR) has shown its ability to be precise in its movement. Actuators move simultaneously to achieve the required target, on top of that its payload is much greater than what a serial robot can withstand. To determine workspace of the robot with known angles Forward kinematics has to be introduced which, bring a lot of difficulty as it requires the solution of multiple coupled nonlinear algebraic equations. Those equations bring multiple valid solutions. Those solutions could lead to different locations. As it is not going to make the pick and place for PR will be easier. This paper will discuss a numerical method that calculates the Forward Kinematics for PR. This method uses Artificial Neural Network which relay on training with a certain number of iterations. The set of data to be used in the training can be obtained from PR simulation. This method will serve to know workspace around PR as it will help it to pick the target object.
Numerical simulation of the stochastic Burgers’ equation using MLMC and CBC algorithm
Authors: Nagy Shady A , El-Beltagy Mohamed A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Burgers turbulence is a model for developing tools to study the Navier-Stokes turbulence, many hydrodynamical problemsin the theory related to random Lagrangian systems. Many questions that are generally asked in Navier-Stokes turbulence can be answered using Burgers turbulence. The aim of the present paper is to apply Multi-level Monte Carlo (MLMC) on stochastic Burgers’ equation by using component-by-component algorithm (CBC). CBC algorithm is developed by the concept of circulant matrix that reduces the cost as a Quasi Monte Carlo technique from O(s n) to O(s n log n) where s is the dimension of integral with equi-distributed points. In this paper, Burgers’ equation is discretized using the finite-volume technique, the MLMC with different random samples is applied and the stability is tested. The results show that MLMC is suitable only for some cases of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) when using pseudo random generator, which is Monte Carlo with high cost than using CBC.
LTE Wide Band Metamaterial Antenna
Authors: Ezzat M.A.M.K. , Allam A.M. , Fawzy D.E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the effect of Metamaterials (MTMs) unit cells on the performance of LTE wide band antenna. It is a conventional rectangular patch antenna with dimension of 10 mm x 6 mm. It is implemented on FR-4 lossy substrate material with relative permittivity of εr = 4.4, thickness of 1.6 mm and loss tangent of 0.025. It is feed through a microstrip line with dimension of 22 mm x 3 mm. The overall dimension of the antenna is 35 mm x 35 mm x 1.6 mm. It operates over a frequency band from 2.1914 GHz to 2.6802 GHz with central frequency 2.4392 GHz and 4.831 GHz to 5.5642 GHz with central frequency 5.1573 GHz. The simulated gain at frequency 5.1573 is 3.834 dBi. MTMs cells are supporting the truncated ground layer as it widens the band and increases the gain. The antenna ground layer is replaced with different unit cell configurations, truncated ground with different array of patches, truncated ground with array of Ring Resonator (RR), truncated ground with different array of patches with vias, truncated ground with array of RR with vias, and truncated mushroom grounded. The antenna is supported with MTMs conducts gain 5.6 dBi. The design is implemented through CST microwave studio and measured through network analyzer.
Design of HHO cell as energy source for electric vehicles
Authors: Sayed Mahmoud M.A. , Shalaby Marwa S. , Rady Wafa , Hussien Wessam , Magdy Mohamed , El-Sabagh K. , Mohamed A. , Nour Eldin A. , Maher F. , Osama M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hydrogen has proven itself to be a great source of energy due to its physical characteristics and its high availability. One way to use the energy inside hydrogen is the fuel cell. But inside a moving car, hydrogen storage tank existence requires high precautions and present many increasing risks; so our idea takes the theory of HHO (hydrogen generator) to separate hydrogen and then utilize a fuel cell to produce clean source of energy. This produced electrical energy will be used in operating an electrically powered car, and in charging the HHO cell. Electrically powered cars as an aim draws us to this work, the first part for producing hydrogen gas from water, the design parameters of the electrochemical cell, and the reached findings will be presented. It was found that stainless steel 304 was more convenient for the electrode materials compared with other metals. The amount of hydrogen evolved was confirmed by pop-sound test. The fuel cells was settled to be the most effective way to handle this source of power as its efficiency is relatively high. The fuel cells are used to convert the power in the hydrogen atoms to electricity by combining them with oxygen atom forming water molecules.
Design, simulation and implementation of low cost microstrip array antenna for KU–band satellite system
Authors: Hassouna Mohamed H , Swelam W. , Mohamed Abdel Naser Fawzy , Abdel Azeem Mohamed H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper present 32 Element microstrip rectangular patch array antenna for KU-Band. The aim of the design is to achieve low cost, low weight and high gain antenna for the transmissions frequency range of KU – Band satellite system. The paper also present 5 designs for array antenna 2, 4,8,16 and 32 elements and the results comparison between them. The substrate material is FR-4 with 1.58 mm thickens. The simulation made by CST Microwave studio 2017. The size of final design is 85×98.81 mm and the bandwidth is 1.489 GHz. The frequency range of design starting from 13.318 GHz to 14.842 GHz with maximum Gain 13.7 dB. The final design of 32 elements array antenna has been fabricated and compared with the simulation results, a good agreements were obtained and the difference between fabrication and measurements results was due to fabrication and measurements tools tolerance. The fabricated design has been measured using Vector network analyzer ROHDE & SCHWARZ ZVB20.
Development of Two-Fingered Underactuated Robot Gripper using 3D Printer
Authors: Sadun Amirul Syafiq , Jalani Jamaludin , Nasir Siti Hana , Roslan Mohd Nazrul , Hashim Hairulazwan , Anuar Syazwani Mohd 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This research present the development of a two-fingered underactuated robot gripper by using 3D printed machine with a material of Polylactic acid or PLA. The gripper design consist of two individual servo motors that drives the finger movement to perform a certain amount of grasping force. The new design of the finger using Solidworks was inspired by several existing robot gripper however with a low cost approach to obtain a good finger tracking and angular control. The fully fabricated and assembled gripper was then tested to determine the operation results during basic grasping and ungrasping by connected to Arduino Mega and MATLAB software. The angular data during the operation shows that the gripper successfully perform a stable operations despite some minor disturbance due to the mechanical defect on the servo plate. Further analysis will be conducted in the future in order to identify the full capability of the gripper in real world application such as force control operations.
Redesigning of Agarwood Extracting Machine Applying DFMA Principle
Authors: Salim M S , Lajis M A , Ros Z C , Nawawi A , Shamsudin S , Yusuf N K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the comparative study of design efficiency of two different designs of agarwood extracting oil machines by performing using the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) method. The DFMA method was used as it is a well-established technique for improving the efficiency of the product leading to minimizing production costs. It also shortens product development time by reducing the number of components in a product. The study used two different designs of agarwood extracting oil machines as a case study. The result shows that the percentage of the design efficiency of existing design model 1 is 9.25%, whereas it is 15% of redesign. Thus, the redesign model 2 is much better as compared to existing design model 1 in terms of its assembly operation and design efficiency. Therefore, the redesign model 2 is greener than existing design model 1. Therefore, the application of the DFMA method to enhance the development of a agarwood extracting product has been proven to be highly useful in the design work.
Stability and reinforcement analysis of weathering steel high voltage transmission tower
Authors: Yao YAO , Ling Xu Wang , You Jia Zhang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The local instability of weathering steel transmission towers is an important reason for the collapse of transmission towers.In this paper, the wind speed is converted into wind pressure and applied to ANSYS finite element model established according to the actual equal proportion, and the influence of secondary stress and the orientation of Angle steel are considered.The stability of transmission tower is analyzed according to buckling coefficient.The results show that the buckling coefficient and the buckling position increase with the reinforcement degree of the main material of the weathering steel transmission tower.After the reinforcement of the first and second sections of the main transmission material is completed, the buckling position moves up to the web bar of the transverse arm.The buckling coefficient of T type is about 39% and 25% higher than that of the cross type and Z type respectively, which can effectively improve the safe operation ability of the line.
Application of new automatic welding equipment and welding technology in the future construction machinery field
Authors: Yan Zhang , Fei Zhang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The production efficiency of machinery manufacturing industry is affected by the automatic welding equipments and technologies directly. Through introducing the working principle and applicable working conditions of new automatic welding equipments and welding technologies, the writer uses laser tracking equipment and welding deformation technology to analyze the possibility of application of automatic welding technology in the field of construction machinery, so as to provide useful reference for improving the quality of mechanical welding, reducing production costs and strengthening brand effect.
Practical Research on Welding Simulation of Q345 Steel
Authors: Wang Zhi-ling 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we use TCL/TK integrated language analysis software and semi-ellipsoid heat source model and life-death element method to simulate the butt welding process of Q345 steel plate with thickness of 10 mm. We simulated and analyzed the temperature field, stress field and welding deformation of multi-layer welding. Through welding simulation analysis, we extracted the distribution of welding residual stress and welding deformation of butt joint, and obtained the transverse and longitudinal shrinkage of butt plate and the main reasons. The results show that the multi-layer butt welding seam and its adjacent area are under tension, and the numerical value generally reaches the yield strength, and the two sides are under compression. The tensile stress in the middle of the weld bead is the largest and decreases gradually toward both ends. The cross-sectional area of single-sided multi-layer welding seam is larger and asymmetric along the thickness of the plate. After welding, the transverse shrinkage and angular deformation of the welded parts are larger. At the same time, the accuracy of the simulation results is verified by actual welding and testing.
Ball on the plate balancing control system
Authors: Kopichev Michael M , Putov Anton V , Pashenko Anastasia N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The problem of balancing is a continuous study challenge for application in many spheres of interest from education to transportation. Two-degree of freedom ball balancing laboratory test bench is an important plant for control systems understanding. This paper focuses on the mechanical design and control algorithm of balancing a ball on a plate. The plant was equipped with resistive touch screen for ball position data acquisition, stepper motors with position sensors for platform inclination angle feedback data and AVR microcontroller-based two-loop subordinate control system with PID controllers for ball position maintaining. The laboratory bench was designed and assembled in Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI” at the Automatic control systems department.