bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METoclopramide Administration as a Strategy to Overcome MORPHine-ticagrelOr Interaction in PatientS with Unstable Angina PectorIS—The METAMORPHOSIS Trial
Authors: Sikora Joanna , Niezgoda Piotr , Barańska Malwina , Buszko Katarzyna , Skibińska Natalia , Sroka Wiktor , Pstrągowski Krzysztof , Siller-Matula Jolanta , Bernd Jilma , Gorog Diana , Navarese Eliano , Marszałł Michał , Kubica Jacek 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExtensive search for methods of overcoming morphine-related delay of the absorption and onset of action of oral P2Y12 inhibitors in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome is on-going. The aim of the trial was to investigate whether metoclopramide co-administration could reduce this delay and improve the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of ticagrelor and its active metabolite AR-C124900XX. Plasma concentration of both compounds and platelet reactivity were evaluated in nine pre-defined time points within 6 hours after administration of ticagrelor loading dose. The results of our study show that mean platelet activity within the first hour was noticeably higher in metoclopramide-naive patients. Moreover, ticagrelor mean plasma concentration was significantly higher within the initial four time points (15, 30, 45, 60 minutes) in patients receiving metoclopramide (p = 0.039; p = 0.009; p = 0.005; p = 0.008, respectively). To conclude, the co-administration of metoclopramide in patients presenting with unstable angina and treated with morphine, has a beneficial effect on the PK/PD profile of ticagrelor and its metabolite; however, its impact on ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients requires further investigation.
Diagnostic Pathway to Nonsense Mutation Dystrophinopathy: A Tertiary-Center, Retrospective Experience
Authors: Ardıçlı Didem , Haliloğlu Goknur , Alikaşifoğlu Mehmet , Topaloğlu Haluk 
Published: November 2018

Up to 15% of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by nonsense mutations (nm-DMD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the age at diagnosis, presentations, and diagnostic approach in 43 nm-DMD boys. The mean age at presentation and diagnosis was 3 years and 4 years, respectively. Presenting signs or symptoms were asymptomatic creatine kinase (CK) elevation (40%), muscle weakness (30%), motor delay (18%), and walking difficulties (12%). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the most commonly deleted exons were negative (n = 17), and muscle biopsy was consistent with dystrophinopathy (n = 24). In all patients, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) followed by direct sequencing of all exons, revealed nm-DMD. Mean age at genetic diagnosis was 6 years 8 months. Patients were evaluated in two-time periods, between 2006 and 2011 (Group I: n = 10) and 2011 and 2017 (Group II: n = 33). The mean age at diagnosis/genetic confirmation in Group I and in Group II was 3 years 9 months/10 years, and 4 years 1 month/5 years 9 months, respectively. Most frequently performed first step diagnostic tests in Group I and Group II were muscle biopsy and MLPA.Our study reflects the change in the age at genetic diagnosis and diagnostic approach to nm-DMD depending on the advances and availability of genetic testing.
Spontaneous Otogenic Pneumocephalus: Case Series and Update on Management
Authors: Eggerstedt Michael , Hong Scott , Eddelman Daniel B. , Smith Ryan M. , Munoz Lorenzo , Byrne Rich W. , Wiet R. Mark 
Published: November 2018

Objectives This study is aimed to report the largest independent case series of spontaneous otogenic pneumocephalus (SOP) and review its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment.
Design Four patients underwent a middle cranial fossa approach for repair of the tegmen tympani and tegmen mastoideum. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding this disease entity was performed.
Setting U.S. tertiary academic medical center.
Participants: Patients presenting to the lead author's clinic or to the emergency department with radiographic evidence of SOP. Symptoms included headache, otalgia, and neurologic deficits.
Main Outcome Measures Patients were assessed for length of stay, postoperative length of stay, and neurologic outcome. Three of four patients returned to their neurologic baseline following repair.
Results Four patients were successfully managed via a middle cranial fossa approach to repairing the tegmen mastoideum.
Conclusion The middle cranial fossa approach is an effective strategy to repair defects of the tegmen mastoideum. SOP remains a clinically rare disease, with little published information on its diagnosis and treatment.
Large changes in biomass burning over the last millennium inferred from paleoatmospheric ethane in polar ice cores
Authors: Nicewonger Melinda R. , Aydin Murat , Prather Michael J. , Saltzman Eric S. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Biomass burning influences the climate system through direct emissions of aerosols, greenhouse gases, and chemically reactive gases. There is uncertainty and controversy regarding variations in past biomass burning, making it difficult to establish the climate sensitivity of biomass burning in current climate models. This study presents new measurements of ethane in air trapped in polar ice cores. The results indicate that biomass burning emissions exceeded modern levels during the Medieval Period (1000–1500 CE) but then decreased substantially during the Little Ice Age (1600–1800 CE), indicating the sensitivity of biomass burning to climate during the preindustrial era. Such positive feedbacks between biomass burning and climate may make it difficult to achieve societal climate goals.
SIR proteins create compact heterochromatin fibers
Authors: Swygert Sarah G. , Senapati Subhadip , Bolukbasi Mehmet F. , Wolfe Scot A. , Lindsay Stuart , Peterson Craig L. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Eukaryotic chromosomes are organized into specialized, nucleoprotein domains that can regulate nuclear functions. Heterochromatin is a silenced chromatin region essential for maintaining genomic stability and driving developmental processes. Cell biological studies have indicated that heterochromatin is highly condensed, though the complicated structure and dynamics of heterochromatin have rendered it difficult to characterize. Here we reconstitute heterochromatin fibers with purified components and exploit a powerful combination of sedimentation velocity, molecular modeling, and atomic force microscopy to characterize the stoichiometry and condensed conformation of heterochromatin fibers.
Differential growth and shape formation in plant organs
Authors: Huang Changjin , Wang Zilu , Quinn David , Suresh Subra , Hsia K. Jimmy 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Plant leaves and flower petals in nature exhibit a wide variety of complex 3D shapes. Formation of these shapes has largely been studied from genetic and biomolecular viewpoints, overlooking contributions from biophysical factors such as mechanical stress and deformation. By means of computational simulations and quantitative analyses of the growth strains in live plant organs, we develop fundamental mechanistic insights into how nature invokes mechanics in the evolution of four commonly found shapes in plant organs by differential growth. We also demonstrate how these common shapes can be synthetically reproduced in hydrogel using this mechanistic understanding. Our study provides a broad scientific framework for rationalizing plant organ morphogenesis, but also provides pathways for generating bioinspired 3D architectures in soft materials.
Oscillating path between self-similarities in liquid pinch-off
Authors: Lagarde Antoine , Josserand Christophe , Protière Suzie 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Droplet pinch-off is one of the most commonly examined free surface flows displaying a finite-time singularity and can serve as the basis upon which to better understand similar singular behavior. A liquid filament connecting the droplet to the rest of the fluid thins before it breaks and passes through several self-similar regimes that have been thought independent of external conditions. These regimes are essentially asymptotic, and it is an open question how exactly the system passes through them. We find to our surprise that external conditions strongly affect the transient path connecting these regimes and even can temporarily prevent the fluid thread from evolving through self-similar profiles. Our results raise many questions about the influence of boundary conditions on such self-similar dynamics.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms alter kinase anchoring and the subcellular targeting of A-kinase anchoring proteins
Authors: Smith F. Donelson , Omar Mitchell H. , Nygren Patrick J. , Soughayer Joseph , Hoshi Naoto , Lau Ho-Tak , Snyder Calvin G. , Branon Tess C. , Ghosh Debapriya , Langeberg Lorene K. , Ting Alice Y. , Santana Luis F. , Ong Shao-En , Navedo Manuel F. , Scott John D. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Dissemination of chemical information throughout the cell is a fundamental biological process with clinical relevance. Pathological changes in local signaling enzyme activity are linked to diseases, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and seizures. Mining of patient datasets has uncovered genetic variation in A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) that promotes mislocalization of protein kinase A (PKA). We investigate 42 SNPs in AKAPs that interrupt association with PKA to impact local cAMP signaling. The most detrimental variants are situated within the hydrophobic face of a conserved helical region on the AKAP that is essential for kinase anchoring. An unexpected outcome is the discovery of an alternative targeting mechanism for AKAPs that utilizes the intact PKA holoenzymes as cytoplasmic “anchors.”
The Difference latinidad Makes
Authors: López Marissa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis essay-review examines three recent works in the study of Chicanx literature, Robert Con Davis-Undiano’s Mestizos Come Home!: Making and Claiming Mexican American Identity (2017), Karen Roybal’s Archives of Dispossession: Recovering the Testimonios of Mexican American Herederas, 1848–1960 (2017), and María Josefina Saldaña-Portillo’s Indian Given: Racial Geographies across Mexico and the United States (2016). López is primarily concerned with how the books position themselves in relation to broader discussions around latinidad. She structures her investigation around three main axes: racial discourse, intersections of politics and form, and periodization in literary studies. The books, she argues, trace an aesthetic and political trajectory leading from concerns over representation and canon formation to wholesale interrogations of genre and political action. López reads this trajectory in the context of theoretical developments in Critical Ethnic studies that privilege difference over diversity.
Reading and Writing Travels: Maximilien Misson, Samuel Waring and the Afterlives of European Voyages, c.1687–1714
Authors: Ansell Richard 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Travel writing often underpins studies of how people in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Britain and Ireland understood themselves and the wider world. Scholars have focused on the representation of foreign encounters in print, however, with little attention given to how readers used travel books. Most histories of travel similarly deal only with experiences abroad, with few considering the return home. This article uses one work, Maximilien Misson’s New Voyage to Italy, and one reader, Samuel Waring, to explore the ‘afterlives’ of travel and travel books, closing the gap between the history of travel and the study of travel literature. Waring, a gentleman from Ireland, accompanied Misson to Italy in 1687–8, taking notes that reveal the origins of an influential book. He returned to A New Voyage to Italy in the decades afterwards, generating valuable evidence of contemporary engagement with travel writing. Waring’s notes and drafts hint at the reception of Misson’s book and place it within a body of ‘travels’, particularly in English and French. This transnational dimension complicates arguments about travel literature and national identity, but Waring instead encourages scholars to examine the role of books in self-fashioning. He used his reading, memories and souvenirs to present himself as a gentleman, a connoisseur and an example to his family, discussing Italy with returned and armchair travellers. The afterlives of travel and travel books provide a more complex understanding of how, and to what social ends, people with lived or vicarious experience of ‘abroad’ built understandings of the world beyond Britain and Ireland.
A cross-sectional audit of distress in patients undergoing adjuvant therapy or follow-up in central nervous system malignancies
Authors: Patil Vijay M , Malhotra Mridul , Tonse Raees , Deodhar Jayita , Chandrasekharan Arun , Pande Nikhil , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Jalali Rakesh 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Unaddressed high distress leads to noncompliance with treatment, negatively affects quality of life, and may also have a negative impact on the prognosis of cancer patients. Patients with brain tumors have higher levels of distress than the general population and hence we hypothesize that even routine visits during adjuvant treatment or follow-up are likely to be stressful. This analysis was performed to identify the incidence of distress and factors affecting it.

Methods
This was an audit of 84 consecutive patients seen in an adult neuro-medical oncology outpatient department who were either receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or were on follow-up. Distress screening with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) distress thermometer was performed. Patients in whom distress was scored as 4 or above were considered as having high distress. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors affecting distress.

Results
The median age of the cohort was 40 years (interquartile range, 28.3 to 50 years). Actionable distress defined as a distress score of 4 or more was seen in 52 patients (61.9%, 95% CI 51.2% to 71.5%). Presence of physical deficit (odds ratio [OR] = 3.412, P = .020) and treatment under the private category (OR = 5.273, P = .003) had higher odds of having high distress.

Conclusion
A high proportion of brain tumor patients either on adjuvant chemotherapy or on follow-up have high distress levels that need to be addressed even during follow-up.
Benefit of Intracystic Bleomycin for Symptomatic Recurrent Rathke Cleft Cyst
Authors: Ung Timothy H , Yang Michael , Wang Mary , Harland Tessa , Lillehei Kevin O 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Management of recurrent Rathke cleft cysts (RCC) is problematic. The mainstay of treatment has been reoperation with cyst drainage. Radical cyst resection, although effective, results in a high incidence of diabetes insipidus. Several case reports suggest a potential benefit to radiation therapy or the use of intracystic bleomycin. The intracystic application of bleomycin is known to be beneficial in the treatment of cystic craniopharyngioma; however, its usefulness in the treatment of recurrent RCC has yet to be proven.

OBJECTIVE
To present our 6-yr experience using intracystic bleomycin for recurrent RCC.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with RCC who underwent surgical resection between January 2010 and May 2016 by a single surgeon. Specific attention was paid to patients with recurrent RCC.

RESULTS
Of the 59 patients operated on for RCC during this 6-yr interval, 6 patients with symptomatic recurrent RCC were identified and received intracystic bleomycin at the time of reoperation. To date, no symptomatic cyst recurrence has been documented in the patients receiving bleomycin (mean = 38.8 mo, range 21.2-79.8 mo).

CONCLUSION
The use of intracystic bleomycin appears to be a safe and potentially effective treatment option in patients with recurrent RCC. Additional studies with longer follow-up are needed to further define the role of bleomycin in recurrent RCC.
Color Hurts. The Effect of Color on Pain Perception
Authors: Wiercioch-Kuzianik Karolina , Bąbel Przemysław 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground Research suggests that colors may have an effect on human behavior, cognition, and emotions; however, little is known about their influence on pain perception. The aim of these two studies was to investigate whether colors have an impact on pain perception and to find the mechanism that underlies the influence of colors on pain.Methods In both studies, participants received electrocutaneous pain stimuli of the same intensity preceded by one of six colors (red, green, orange, blue, pink, or yellow) or a blank slide, which served as a control condition. In the first study, the intensity of experienced pain was measured; in the second study, both experienced and expected pain was measured.Results The studies revealed that colors increased the intensity of experienced pain in comparison with the noncolor condition (blank slide), regardless of both the sex of participants and whether they noticed a relationship between colors and pain intensity. Particularly, participants rated pain stimuli preceded by red as being more painful compared with pain stimuli preceded by other colors, especially green and blue.Conclusions It is concluded that colors have an impact on pain perception. Our results have important implications for the color lights paradigm applied in studies on placebo effects.
‘May’ and ‘Shall’ and ‘Must’: Power or Duty?
Authors: Samuels Alec 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The words ‘may’ and ‘shall’ and ‘must’ appear in many statutes. Not surprisingly, over the years, a myriad of particular instances has appeared in the law reports. From all this body of law can any principles be deduced? Are there any authoritative texts?
Mouse Academy: high-throughput automated training and trial-by-trial behavioral analysis during learning
Authors: Qiao Mu , Zhang Tony , Segalin Cristina , Sam Sarah , Perona Pietro , Meister Markus 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTProgress in understanding how individual animals learn will require high-throughput standardized methods for behavioral training but also advances in the analysis of the resulting behavioral data. In the course of training with multiple trials, an animal may change its behavior abruptly, and capturing such events calls for a trial-by-trial analysis of the animal’s strategy. To address this challenge, we developed an integrated platform for automated animal training and analysis of behavioral data. A low-cost and space-efficient apparatus serves to train entire cohorts of mice on a decision-making task under identical conditions. A generalized linear model (GLM) analyzes each animal’s performance at single-trial resolution. This model infers the momentary decision-making strategy and can predict the animal’s choice on each trial with an accuracy of ~80%. We also assess the animal’s detailed trajectories and body poses within the apparatus. Unsupervised analysis of these features revealed unusual trajectories that represent hesitation in the response. This integrated hardware/software platform promises to accelerate the understanding of animal learning.
High satellite repeat turnover in great apes studied with short- and long-read technologies
Authors: Cechova Monika , Harris Robert S. , Tomaszkiewicz Marta , Arbeithuber Barbara , Chiaromonte Francesca , Makova Kateryna D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSatellite repeats are a structural component of centromeres and telomeres, and in some instances their divergence is known to drive speciation. Due to their highly repetitive nature, satellite sequences have been understudied and underrepresented in genome assemblies. To investigate their turnover in great apes, we studied satellite repeats of unit sizes up to 50 bp in human, chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and Sumatran and Bornean orangutans, using unassembled short and long sequencing reads. The density of satellite repeats, as identified from accurate short reads (Illumina), varied greatly among great ape genomes. These were dominated by a handful of abundant repeated motifs, frequently shared among species, which formed two groups: (1) the (AATGG)nrepeat (critical for heat shock response) and its derivatives; and (2) subtelomeric 32-mers involved in telomeric metabolism. Using the densities of abundant repeats, individuals could be classified into species. However clustering did not reproduce the accepted species phylogeny, suggesting rapid repeat evolution. Several abundant repeats were enriched in males vs. females; using Y chromosome assemblies or FIuorescent In Situ Hybridization, we validated their location on the Y. Finally, applying a novel computational tool, we identified many satellite repeats completely embedded within long Oxford Nanopore and Pacific Biosciences reads. Such repeats were up to 59 kb in length and consisted of perfect repeats interspersed with other similar sequences. Our results based on sequencing reads generated with three different technologies provide the first detailed characterization of great ape satellite repeats, and open new avenues for exploring their functions.
Untangling direct species associations from mediator species effects with graphical models
Authors: Popovic Gordana C. , Warton David I. , Thomson Fiona J. , Hui Francis K. C. , Moles Angela T. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTEcologists often investigate co-occurrence patterns in multi-species data in order to gain insight into the ecological causes of observed co-occurrences. Apart from direct associations between two species, two species may co-occur because they both respond in similar ways to environmental variables, or due to the presence of other (mediator) species.A wide variety of methods are now available for modelling how environmental filtering drives species distributions. In contrast, methods for studying other causes of co-occurence are much more limited. “Graphical” methods, which can be used to study how mediator species impact co-occurrence patterns, have recently been proposed for use in ecology. However, available methods are limited to presence/absence data and methods assuming multivariate normality, which is problematic when analysing abundances.We propose Gaussian copula graphical models (GCGMs) for studying the effect of mediator species on co-occurence patterns. GCGMs are a flexible type of graphical model which naturally accommodates all data types – binary (presence/absence), counts, as well as ordinal data and biomass, in a unified framework. Simulations for count data demonstrate that GCGMs are better able to distinguish effects of mediator species from direct associations than using existing methods designed for multivariate normal data.We apply GCGMs to counts of hunting spiders, in order to visualise associations between species. We then analyze abundance data of New Zealand native forest cover (on an ordinal scale) to show how GCGMs can be used analyze large and complex datasets. In these data, we were able to reproduce known species relationships as well as generate new ecological hypotheses about species associations.