bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radial Dependence of the Proto-globular Cluster Contribution to the Milky Way Formation
Authors: Chung Chul , Pasquato Mario , Lee Sang-Yoon , di Carlo Ugo N. , An Deokkeun , Yoon Suk-Jin , Lee Young-Wook 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Recent interpretation of the color–magnitude diagrams of the Milky Way (MW) bulge has suggested that the observed double red-clump feature can be a natural consequence of He-enhanced stellar populations in the MW bulge. This implies that globular clusters (GCs), where the He-enhanced second-generation (SG) stars can be efficiently created, are the most likely candidate contributors of He-rich stars to the MW bulge. We extend this idea to the Galactic inner halo and investigate the fraction of the SG stars as a function of the Galactocentric distance. We use bluer blue horizontal branch (bBHB) stars, which are assumed to have originated from He-rich SG populations, as proxies of SG stars, and find that the fraction of bBHB stars increases with decreasing Galactocentric distance. Simulations of the GC evolution in the MW tidal field qualitatively support the observed trend of bBHB enhancement in the inner halo. In these simulations, the increasing tidal force with decreasing Galactocentric distance leads to stripping of stars not only from the outskirts but also from the central regions of GCs, where SG stars are more abundant. We discuss the implication and prospect of our findings concerning the formation history of the bulge and inner halo of the MW.
Avaliação da capacidade funcional de pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório perioperatório do Distrito Federal
Authors: Gomes Jacqueline Ramos de Andrade Antunes , Lôbo Campos Thaís , Miranda Verner Glayson Carlos , Brelaz de Abreu Leonília , De Mendonça Motta Ana Caroline , Da Silva Araújo Weslei , Santos Ribeiro Letícia , Villela Silva Derré Torres Rafael , Carvalho Sousa Anna Karoline , Matinada da Silva Tâmela Beatriz , Ferreira Passos Janaina 
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: Identificar a capacidade funcional de pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de avaliação perioperatória do Hospital Regional do Gama (APA-HRG), no Distrito Federal, bem como estabelecer relação com as estratificações cardíacas utilizadas. Método: Estudo observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo, com coleta de dados dos registros nos prontuários das consultas pré-operatórias de 292 pacientes triados como alto risco, executadas por equipe de médicos anestesiologistas e enfermeiros, realizadas no APA-HRG no período de junho de 2014 a junho de 2016. Resultados: O perfil da amostra constituiu-se, em sua maioria, por indivíduos do gênero feminino (78,77%), maiores de 60 anos (48,35%), não obesos (69,44%), encaminhados principalmente pela clínica ginecológica (39,79%), diagnosticados com hipertensão arterial sistêmica (44,17%) e tabagistas (12,67%). A capacidade funcional foi classificada como excelente em 63,18% (>10 equivalentes metabólicos) dos pacientes. Foi constatada associação significativa entre os equivalentes metabólicos e as estratificações da American Society of Anesthesiologists, do Índice de Risco Cardíaco Revisado e da Classificação Funcional da New York Heart Association. Conclusão: A maioria dos prontuários analisados era de pacientes com excelente capacidade funcional, apresentando associação significativa com as estratificações estudadas
Speaker Discrimination Using Long-Term Spectrum of Speech
Authors: Sigmund Milan 
Published: September 2019

In this article, we investigate a specific long-term speech spectrum with respect to its use for speaker recognition. The long-term effect was satisfied by averaging short-term autocorrelation coefficients over the whole utterance. The long-term spectrum was calculated by means of second-order linear prediction using the average autocorrelation coefficients. First, speaker discriminability of 32 individual parameters was evaluated by combining spectral energy and spectral slope in eight different frequency bands covering the range 0−4 kHz (seven narrow nonoverlapping subbands and one band spanning over the full range). Then, four subbands with the most discriminative capability were selected for speaker recognition. These subbands involve the frequencies of 0−1.2 kHz in total. In the main experiments, text-independent speaker recognition based on relative Euclidean distance was performed in each single subband as well as in multiple 2 to 4 subbands applying two types of speech data, complete continuous speech and voiced part of the same speech. The voiced speech seems to be generally more effective for speaker recognition using the long-term speech spectrum. The best recognition rates, i.e. 91.7% on complete speech and 100% on voiced speech, were achieved in optimal paired subbands. The long-term speech spectrum can complement the traditional voice features.
11,000 researchers gave their views on data sharing, here's what we learned
Authors: Lucraft Mithu , Winthrop Samuel 
Published: September 2019

Good data sharing can make research more productive, more likely to be cited, and unlock innovation for the good of society. In 2019, a Springer Nature white paper (Lucraft et al. 2019), based on surveys with more than 11,000 researchers internationally, set out key challenges in data management and data sharing.
We found:

Data sharing is increasing: more than 64% of researchers in a 2018 survey said they made their data openly available.
The majority of researchers see data sharing as important: across three surveys, when asked about the importance of making data discoverable, researchers gave an average rating of 7.5 out of 10.
Data sharing and planning is currently suboptimal: The majority of the research community are not yet managing or sharing data in ways that make it findable, accessible or reusable.

Increasingly, funders and other expert groups (European Commission 2018) are emphasising the need for data that is FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and re-useable). To shift the needle on data sharing and to reap the benefits from more widely-available open data, collaborative action is required. In this presentation, we will discuss the five measures we believe are needed to make data sharing the norm:

Clear policy: from funders, institutions, journals/publishers, and research communities themselves.
Better credit: to make data sharing worth a researcher’s time.
Explicit funding: for data management and data sharing, as well as data publishing.
Practical help: for organising data, finding appropriate repositories, and provision of faster, easier routes to share data.
Training and education: to answer common questions from researchers on data sharing and to help build skills and knowledge.

We will draw on evidence and case studies from across Europe and beyond, as well as further feedback from our market research.
Building a university Open Access scholarly publishing environment
Authors: Karlová Tereza , Hrdličková Lenka 
Published: September 2019

As Open Access publishing has been playing a more important role in scholarly communication, well-developed Open Access publishing infrastructure should be adopted by universities in order to make their outputs more competitive and provide its authors the immediate impact of their work. More than that, such “in-house” publications are very good starting points for early career researchers while they are joining the world of scholarly publishing. Not because of lower quality or reduced requirements, but because of extra help and guidance that might be provided to students by editorial office.
The Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) - Central Library has developed, based on the community needs, an Open Access journal publishing environment including the complete set of publishing standards, and being linked to the global Open Access infrastructure. One university scholarly journal and proceedings series is published there by the library, the platform also hosts a number of subject-specialized journals published by smaller departments. Such hosting is essential for many editorial teams, since it provides current publishing standards that they would hardly be able to keep by their own. Furthermore, being part of a university library, the editorial office has skills to provide value-added services in full range of information and publishing skills to researchers, authors, and students.
To capture a full scale of Open Access publishing services, an Open Access monograph platform ought to be adopted in such a manner that is able to deal with various multimedia document types and contents, live monographs etc.
The hosting of publishing platforms and guidance in Open Access publishing, research assessment and information and publishing literacy enhances good cooperation between the library and the academic community, and also provides the community with a lot of practical added value and help in meeting the current publishing criteria to succeed in the competitive research environment.
The Global South and the challenge of assessment
Authors: Hachani Samir , Olijhoek Tom 
Published: September 2019

This presentation will present the Journal Publishing Practices and Standards and its implementaion by The International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publication (INASP) on the Journal On Line project. It will try to see what different countries have achieved in responding in the system the INASP has put forward.
Open access has undoubtedly allowed a bigger share and spread of scientific and technical information at both green and gold road. The statistics in every key open access site show an increase in the number of freely available data and peer reviewed material. Nevertheless, there is a clear “divide” between countries when it comes to the prestige and recognition for publishing in a Global North or a Global South journal. The reasons are multiple but prejudice about the quality and transparency is the most prominent. The International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publication (INASP) and its flagship program Journals On Line ( JOL) that encompasses a number of national and regional platforms have established a framework: Journal Publishing Practices and Standards (JPPS), whose goal is to bring these journals up to par and afford them a respectable place among the more established journals. The JPPS framework is made up of 6 levels of quality that determine the standing of the journal: inactive title; new title; no stars; one star; two stars; and three stars. The levels are used to rank and classify the journals. The other goal of JPPS is to give the editors of journals feedback on what to improve and how. We will in this presentation present the framework and show statistics for the different platforms using the star system. We will also present a conclusion on whether the framework has achieved its goals and what journals and countries have achieved a leap forward using the system.
Assessing the Water and Thermal Use Efficiencies of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Grown under Different Strength of Jute Agro Textile Mulch in India
Authors: Sarkar Anwesha , Ghosh Argha , Tarafdar P. K. , De S. K. 
Published: September 2019

Aims: To evaluate the effects of jute agrotextile mulches on yield and yield attributes, dry matter accumulation, water use efficiency as well as accumulated agrometeorological indices and thermal utilization of groundnut.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the experimental farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during kharif season of 2017 and 2018.
Methodology: The experiment was carried in randomized block design with five treatments each of which was replicated four times Groundnut (variety J L-24) as a test crop. The treatments (T), composing different strength of jute agro textile (JAT) used as mulching material were as follows: T1: 1000 GSM JAT, T2: 800 GSM, T3: 600 GSM, T4: 400 GSM JAT and T5: farmer's practice (control) where GSM is gram per square meter. All the data regarding the yield, yield attributes, water use efficiency and thermal utilization of the crop were recorded accordingly.
Results: Response of pod yield over control were 24.26 q/ha, 26.44 q/ha, 20.98 q/ha and 18.25q/ha in T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 respectively. Though all the treatments showed increment over control, the highest result was found in T2 and a further increase in strength of JAT showed a decrement in all aspects. The water use efficiency, at an average, increased by 69.12% due to the various treatments over control. Heat unit and thermal units use efficiencies were also highest in treatment T2 which showed the most accurate utilization of thermal indices.
Conclusion: Therefore, among all the treatments T2 exhibited the most promising effect on improving yield and other attributes along with maintaining sustainability as it might have provided the most favourable soil condition compared to other mulches for groundnut.
Phenotypic Screening of Elite Rice Germplasms against Brown Planthopper [Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.)] for Identification of Resistant Donor Lines
Authors: Raj M. Nikhil , Kanth P. Rajani , Varma N. R. G. , Balram M. 
Published: September 2019

Aims: To identify Brown Planthopper (BPH) resistant rice genotypes and categorize all the test entries based on their level of resistance against BPH.
Study Design: Completely Randomized Design.
Place and Duration of Study: Poly-house, Department of Entomology, Rice Research Centre, Agriculture Research Institute (ARI), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India, between June 2016 and July 2017.
Methodology: A total of 61 elite rice genotypes selected including resistant (PTB33) and susceptible check (TN1). All these test entries were screened against Brown Planthopper (BPH) using Standard Seedbox Screening Technique (SSST) inside poly-house conditions. Based on the Damage Score (DS) achieved during study, all entries were categorized into resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), moderately susceptible (MS), susceptible (S) and highly susceptible (HS).
Results: Among 61 cultures, the resistant check PTB33 and BM71 exhibited R reaction to BPH with a DS of 3.0, while twelve cultures viz. Milyang 63, IET 23993, HHZ 5 DT-1 DT-1, HHZ 25 SAL DT-1 DT-1, Bobhu Kongbu, BPT 2671, BPT 2611, MTU 1121, MTU 1001, MTU 1010, RNR 23079 and GSR 234 exhibited MR reaction to BPH with a DS ranging between 3.1 to 5.0. The rest of the cultures showed MS and S reactions while the susceptible check, TN1 along with other 12 cultures exhibited HS reaction to BPH with a DS of 9.0.
Conclusion: Resistant and moderately resistant rice genotypes have been identified for development of BPH resistant lines. Further detailed studies are required to understand the underlying mechanisms of resistance among the R and MR genotypes.
Ocular Cultures
Authors: Burd Eileen M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ocular infections can lead to serious morbidity and blindness. Superficial eye infections are commonly treated empirically; however, effective management of unresponsive, recurrent, or severe superficial infections and of inner‐eye infections requires identification of the specific etiology. Culture of clinical samples remains the gold standard for definitive etiologic diagnosis. The amount of specimen collected from the eye is very small, and it is common for ophthalmologists to inoculate culture media in the patient care area rather than transport the specimen to the laboratory for processing. Nucleic acid amplification tests have been successfully used for ocular specimens and are preferred for detection of viruses and organisms that are difficult to culture, such as Chlamydia, Toxoplasma gondii, Acanthamoeba, etc. Ophthalmologists are trained on the proper collection of specimens, but it is also the responsibility of the laboratory director or designee to provide physicians and caregivers with proper specimen collection instructions.
Urine Cultures
Authors: Yarbrough Melanie L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Urine culture results are reported semiquantitatively, as the colony count is used to guide the microbiological significance of bacteriuria. Thoughtful design and implementation of a urine reflex algorithm may improve diagnostic stewardship by increasing probability of a positive culture and decreasing overutilization of urine culture in cases of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Accordingly, interpretation of bacteria growing from urinary stone culture must take into account organism identification (e.g., urease producer, traditional uropathogen, traditional skin bacteria) and the mechanism by which the stone was obtained, in conjunction with concurrent urine culture results. Urinary stone disease is the result of urinary tract calcification leading to the formation of large mineral deposits. The exact molecular mechanism leading to the formation of urinary stones is unknown; however, there is a well‐understood association between the presence of bacteria within the genitourinary tract and formation of struvite stones.
Detection of Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas from Clinical Specimens by Culture and PCR
Authors: Bébéar Cécile , Waites Ken B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory infections in persons of all ages. Tracheobronchitis is the most common clinical syndrome, but pneumonia commonly occurs and extrapulmonary infections have been described.
Mycoplasma hominis
and
Ureaplasma
species are recoverable by culture from the human urogenital tract.
Mycoplasma genitalium
causes male nongonococcal urethritis and has been associated with salpingitis endometritis and cervicitis in women. Susceptibility testing is useful mainly for systemic infections caused by
Mycoplasma hominis
or
Ureaplasma spp.
, particularly in immunosuppressed hosts or when treatment failure raises suspicion of acquired resistance, as in the case of macrolide resistance in
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
is a common cause of respiratory tract infections, involved in tracheobronchitis and community‐acquired pneumonia in children and adults.
Guidelines for Biochemical Identification of Aerobic Bacteria
Authors: Dunn James J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The identification of aerobic bacteria has traditionally been based on assessment of biochemical characteristics, and many laboratories continue to rely on these methods. The biochemical tests that are most useful to laboratories have been selected, with an emphasis on rapid testing. Depending on the type of organism, a set of substrates is selected for their positive and negative reactions. The pattern of reactivity for a particular organism can then be compared to charts or databases of expected reactions to identify the genus and/or species. Commercial biochemical identification systems can provide accurate identifications of the most commonly encountered bacterial pathogens with little hands‐on time. One of the main limitations of most biochemical identification methods is the time required to generate results, since gauging reactivity may require a number of hours of incubation. A potential limitation of commercial biochemical test systems is the breadth of organisms that can be identified and taxonomic updates maintained by the manufacturer.
Storage and Stocking of Anaerobes
Authors: Valencia‐Shelton Frances , Brown Kristen L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Preservation of anaerobic isolates may be required for many reasons, including clinical inquiry, research, teaching, and quality assurance testing. The method of storage used will depend on the length of storage required. Short‐term storage may occur using routine culture media on the benchtop or frozen, though self‐defrosting units must be avoided to prevent repeated freeze‐thaw of the stored isolates. Glass vials may be used and are the preferred method for years of long‐term storage. One of the most used vial types consists of plastic polypropylene tubes with screw tops. Commercially preprepared solutions for cryopreservation in vials are available, some of which include beads onto which the organisms can adhere, which can make for an easier job of thawing and culturing frozen stores. Products should indicate that they are for the frozen maintenance of bacterial cultures, but may not specifically reference anaerobes. A heavy inoculum is recommended to ensure some cell survival throughout the freeze‐thaw cycle.
Anaerobic Gram‐Positive Bacilli
Authors: Bernard Kathryn , Hamula Camille 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Anaerobic Gram‐positive bacilli of clinical relevance in human infections are divided into two distinct groups: sporeforming Gram‐positive anaerobic bacilli, including
Clostridium sensu stricto
and allied genera, and a group of asporogenic, anaerobic Gram‐positive bacilli (Grampositive rods (GPRs)). Many of these anaerobic GPRs are part of the normal microbiota of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, and skin. They can, however, be associated with skin and soft tissue infections, periodontitis and other oral infections, pulmonary infections (usually in combination with other aerobes and anaerobes), genitourinary tract infections, and, in the case of
Cutibacterium acnes
, infected CSF shunts, prosthetic joint infections, and endophthalmitis. Many of the nonsporeformers are aerotolerant and are often resistant to metronidazole, an antimicrobial agent that is usually effective against most other anaerobes.
Continuous Monitoring Blood Culture Systems for Detection of Acid‐Fast Bacilli and Fungi
Authors: Lainhard William D. , Leuthy Paul M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Diagnosis of sepsis and initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapies are essential for optimal clinical outcomes. Detection of bloodstream infections with fungal and mycobacterial pathogens is often delayed due to the slow‐growing nature of these organisms. As many molds and mycobacteria are opportunistic pathogens, patients with bloodstream infections caused by these agents tend to be immunocompromised and/or have indwelling intravascular catheters or central lines. Among fungi, the most common pathogens recovered in blood culture are
Candida
spp. However,
Fusarium
,
Scedosporium
, and occasionally the thermally dimorphic molds can be recovered in fungal blood cultures. Positive culture bottles are smeared and stained to confirm the presence of acid‐fast bacilli or fungi. After inoculation, both sets of bottles are incubated in their respective blood culture systems, which consist of a series of drawers/cabinets, each containing locations for the placement of culture bottles.
Disk Diffusion Testing
Authors: Ransom Eric M. , Burnham Carey‐Ann D. , Matuschek Erika 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The goal of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is to provide useful information to assist clinicians with the selection of antimicrobial therapy for patient care. An AST reference method that is widely used worldwide is disk diffusion testing. Disk diffusion testing was originally described by AW Bauer and colleagues in 1966. The method uses a standardized inoculum of bacteria swabbed onto the surface of an agar plate, most commonly Mueller‐Hinton agar. This chapter describes how to perform disk diffusion testing and describes testing guidance from CLSI and EUCAST. It provides troubleshooting tips, quality control information, and a disk diffusion reading guide. Both CLSI and EUCAST have developed standardized disk diffusion methods calibrated to the reference MIC method. While both disk diffusion methods are based on the same basic methodology, there are important differences. These include the supplements in media for fastidious organisms, disk contents for some antimicrobial agents, and interpretive categories.