bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Process‐Based Modelling to Simulate the Effects of Low‐Temperature Stress During Pre‐Anthesis on the Quality Characteristics of Wheat Grains
Authors: Ji Wenbin , Osman Raheel , Ma Jifeng , Jiang Xingtian , Wang Longqin , Xiao Liujun , Tang Liang , Cao Weixing , Zhu Yan , Liu Bing , Liu Leilei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLow temperatures in late spring pose a potential threat to the maintenance of grain yield and quality. Despite the importance of protein and starch in wheat quality, they are often overlooked in models addressing climate change effects. In this study, we conducted multiyear environment‐controlled phytotron experiments and observed adverse effects resulting from low‐temperature stress (LTS) on plant carbon and nitrogen dynamics, grain protein and starch formation, and sink capacity. We quantified the relationships between low temperature during the jointing and booting stages and plant nitrogen uptake, grain nitrogen accumulation, grain starch accumulation, grain setting, and potential grain weight using source–sink relationship‐based methods. The LTS factor was introduced to account for the cultivar‐specific to LTS at different growth stages. Compared with the original model, the improved model produced fewer errors when simulating aboveground nitrogen accumulation, grain protein concentration, grain starch concentration, grain starch yield, grain number, and grain weight under LTS, with reductions of 60%, 71%, 73%, 58%, 50% and 65%, respectively. The improvements in the model enhance its mechanism and applicability in assessing short‐term successive frost effects on wheat grain quality. Furthermore, when using the improved model, special attention should be given to the low‐temperature sensitivity parameters.
Root Circumnutation Reduces Mechanical Resistance to Soil Penetration
Authors: Leuther Frederic , Iseskog Daniel , Keller Thomas , Larsbo Mats , Pandey Bipin K. , Colombi Tino 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRoot circumnutation, the helical movement of growing root tips, is a widely observed behaviour of plants. However, our mechanistic understanding of the impacts of root circumnutation on root growth and soil exploration is limited. Here, we deployed a unique combination of penetrometer measurements, X‐ray computed tomography and time‐lapse imaging, and cavity expansion modelling to unveil the effects of root circumnutation on the mechanical resistance to soil penetration. To simulate differences in circumnutation amplitude and frequency occurring among plant species, genotypes and environmental conditions, we inserted cone penetrometers with varying bending stiffness into soil samples that were subjected to orbital movement at different velocities. We show that greater circumnutation intensity, determined by a greater circumnutation frequency in conjunction with a larger circumnutation amplitude, decreased the mechanical resistance to soil penetration. Cavity expansion theory and X‐ray computed tomography provided evidence that increased circumnutation intensity reduces friction at the cone‐soil interface, indicating a link between root circumnutation and the ability of plants to overcome mechanical constraints to root growth. We conclude that circumnutation is a key component of root foraging behaviour and propose that genotypic differences in circumnutation intensity can be leveraged to adapt crops to soils with greater mechanical resistance.
Coexpression Regulation of New and Ancient Genes in the Dynamic Transcriptome Landscape of Stem and Rhizome Development in “Bainianzhe”—An Ancient Chinese Sugarcane Variety Ratooned for Nearly 300 Years
Authors: Li Peiting , Yang Ruiting , Liu Jiarui , Huang Chaohua , Huang Guoqiang , Deng Zuhu , Zhao Xinwang , Xu Liangnian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe sucrose yield in sugarcane largely depends on stem morphology, including length, diameter and sugar content, making sugarcane stem a key trait in breeding. The “Bainianzhe” variety from Songxi County, Fujian Province, possesses both aerial stems and rhizomes, providing a unique model for studying stem development. We performed a spatiotemporal transcriptomic analysis of the base, middle and apical sections of both aerial stems and rhizomes. The analysis categorized transcriptomes by developmental stage—base, middle and apical—rather than environmental differences. Apical segments were enriched with genes related to cell proliferation, while base segments were linked to senescence and fibrosis. Gene regulatory networks revealed key TFs involved in stem development. Orphan genes may be involved in rhizome development through coexpression networks. Plant hormones, especially genes involved in ABA and GAs synthesis, were highly expressed in rhizomes. Thiamine‐related genes were also more prevalent in rhizomes. Furthermore, the apical segments of rhizomes enriched in photosynthesis‐related genes suggest adaptations to light exposure. Low average temperatures in Songxi have led to unique cold acclimation in Bainianzhe, with rhizomes showing higher expression of genes linked to unsaturated fatty acid synthesis and cold‐responsive calcium signalling. This indicates that rhizomes may have enhanced cold tolerance, aiding in the plant's overwintering success.
Dialetheism and the countermodel problem
Authors: Fjellstad Andreas , Martin Ben 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccording to some dialetheists, we ought to reject the distinction between object and meta‐languages. Given that dialetheists advocate truth‐value gluts within their object‐language, whether in order to solve the liar paradox or for some other reason, this rejection of the object‐/meta‐language distinction comes with the commitment to use a glutty metatheory. While it has been pointed out that a glutty metatheory brings with it expressive deficiencies, we highlight here another complication arising from the use of a glutty metatheory, this time evidential in nature. According to this countermodel problem, while the thoroughgoing dialetheist who embraces a glutty metatheory can justify their acceptance of a rule of inference's invalidity using countermodels, to justify their renunciation of an unwanted rule they actually require the means to warrant their rejection of the rule's validity—which cannot be supplied by countermodels based on a standard dialetheic semantics. We end by sketching out a possible solution for the thoroughgoing dialetheist using a bilaterialist semantics.
SMARCB1‐deficient malignant neoplasm of the pancreas with heterogeneous morphologies that cannot be classified into existing histologic types
Authors: Kouchi Yusuke , Sakai Nozomu , Harada‐Kagitani Sakurako , Eto Ryotaro , Mishima Takashi , Takano Shigetsugu , Nasu Katsuhiro , Ikeda Jun‐ichiro , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Kishimoto Takashi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 50‐year‐old male with a pancreatic tail tumor underwent distal pancreatectomy. At 14 and 27 months after the primary surgery, metachronous liver metastases were identified and partial hepatectomies were performed for each. Pathologic findings of the primary pancreatic tumor were heterogeneous, but they essentially categorized into two components based on their cytologic features: (i) clear cell component and (ii) epithelioid cell component. The metastatic hepatic tumor was entirely composed of the epithelioid cell component. SMARCB1 expression was lost by immunohistochemistry and heterozygous deletion of SMARCB1 was identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization for both the primary and metastatic tumors. Targeted DNA sequencing of a metastatic hepatic tumor sample was performed and SMARCB1 loss was identified. Based on the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyzes, the present case was difficult to classify into any of the existing entities. SMARCB1 deficiency might play a key role in the tumorigenesis.
Changes in social relationships from 26 to 34 years of age in adults born very preterm
Authors: Gonen Elif , Twilhaar E Sabrina , Baumann Nicole , Busch Barbara , Bartmann Peter , Wolke Dieter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundVery preterm and/or very low birthweight (VP/VLBW; <32 weeks' gestation and/or <1500 g birthweight) individuals rated their partner and peer relationships lower than term‐born individuals in emerging adulthood, but their quality of relationships with parents has been rarely investigated. Moreover, it is unclear whether previously reported differences in social relationship characteristics persist or lessen from emerging to established adulthood.ObjectivesTo investigate changes in social relationship characteristics in VP/VLBW adults compared to term‐born adults from 26 to 34 years and whether the association between VP/VLBW and social relationship characteristics varies according to sex.MethodsIn this prospective whole‐population birth cohort study in South Bavaria, Germany, social relationship characteristics with parents, partners and peers, and overall social relationships across these domains were evaluated with a Life Course Interview at 26 and 34 years. Interview items related to these domains were extracted and scored as 0 (optimal) and 1 (non‐optimal). Each score was summed into domain‐specific composite scores and standardised according to the total sample.ResultsParticipants included 262 VP/VLBW (52.7% males) and 230 term‐born individuals (47.0% males). VP/VLBW adults had lower overall social relationship scores than term‐born adults (β = −.61, 95% CI −0.85, −0.37). Specifically, partner (β = −.50, 95% CI−0.74, −0.27) and peer relationship scores (β = −.55, 95% CI−0.78, −0.32) were lower than those of term‐born adults, but scores did not differ for parent relationships. On average, partner (β = .25, 95% CI 0.14, 0.35) and peer relationship scores increased (β = .16, 95% CI 0.03, 0.29), while parent relationship scores decreased (β = −.64, 95% CI−0.79, −0.49) from 26 to 34 years. These changes were similar for VP/VLBW and term‐born individuals.ConclusionsPatterns of change for the improved partner and peer but worsening parental social relationship scores were common across VP/VLBW and term‐born adults, but differences between the two groups persisted from 26 to 34 years.
Damping Optimization in Locally Resonant Metastructures via Hybrid GA-PSO Algorithms and Modal Analysis
Authors: Alimohammadi Hossein , Vassiljeva Kristina , HosseinNia S. Hassan , Ellervee Peeter , Petlenkov Eduard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study explores the optimization of bandgap characteristics in locally resonant metastructures through advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and optimization algorithms, focusing on the accurate estimation of resonator damping ratios. By developing a novel mathematical framework for metastructure analysis, this research diverges from traditional methods, offering a more nuanced approach to bandgap manipulation. This research significantly improves metastructure modeling accuracy by precisely estimating resonator and structural damping ratios, enhancing model fidelity crucial for analysis, control strategies, and design optimization. Through a combination of model simulations and experimental validation, the efficacy of the Hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization (GA-PSO) algorithm is demonstrated, highlighting its potential for practical applications in engineering metastructures. This paper not only provides a robust method for estimating damping ratios but also opens new avenues for future research, including the application of machine learning techniques and the development of intelligent materials. The findings of this study contribute to the foundational understanding necessary for the advancement of mathematical modeling metamaterials, with broad implications for industries where precise vibration control is crucial.
Design Optimization of Mechanism-Free Ornithopters Based on a Coupled State-Space Model
Authors: Shan Xin , Katibeh Mohammad , Bilgen Onur 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A so-called solid-state (i.e., mechanism-free) ornithopter can be achieved by utilizing induced-strain actuators such as piezoelectric material-based devices — specifically piezocomposite devices. Such ornithopters with induced-strain actuated wings eliminate the need for electromagnetic motors and conventional power transmission mechanisms, potentially saving weight and energy consumption, improving reliability and flexibility, and reducing overall mechanical complexity. Given the complexity of such system, featuring a high number of design variables and nonlinearities, achieving an optimized configuration is crucial.
In their previous research, the authors developed a novel model to account for dynamic two-way coupling and nonlinearities using a state space representation for mechanism-free ornithopters. The model considered (1) two-way fluid-structure interaction, (2) body-wing coupling, and (3) wing bend-twist coupling. Based on the state space representation of the ornithopter, the current paper focuses on a design optimization framework utilizing a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The design variables considered include ornithopter body inertia, piezocomposite device positions and orientations, excitation voltage, frequency, etc. The optimization algorithm is initially validated for convergence using established test functions. Subsequently, the optimization procedure is carried out for multiple case studies with a variation of fitness metrics that represent the aerodynamic and structural performance of the ornithopter. The selected objective functions encompass structural metrics such as wing weight and compliance, as well as aerodynamic metrics such as lift and thrust force amplitudes.
Impact of Fabrication Process Variations on Epoxy Shape Memory Polymer Mechanical Properties Across Temperature Gradients
Authors: Vallejo Ciro Maria Isabel , Carvajal Loaiza Manuel Jose , Pankey Gage , Restrepo Vanessa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) are versatile polymeric materials that are able to undergo reversible shape changes triggered by external stimuli like temperature, electric current, UV light, and magnetic fields. Epoxy Shape Memory Polymers (ESMPs), a subset of SMPs, are notably influenced by compositional changes. While previous studies focused on the response of thermal and mechanical properties based on composition changes, understanding how the fabrication process affects mechanical performance remains limited. This research addresses the mentioned gap, by systematically evaluating the mechanical properties at different temperatures, and particularly considering variations in time and temperature during the curing process of the ESMP. Using the Taguchi method, an L9 orthogonal array design was employed with a signal-to-noise quality characteristic analysis. Ninety ESMP samples with consistent composition but varying curing and post-curing parameters were produced. ESMP molar ratio was chosen for a glass transition temperature of 36°C, enabling sample programming by body temperature. Tensile testing at different environmental conditions revealed significant impacts of fabrication process on the ESMP mechanical behavior. Longer curing and post-curing times and higher temperatures increased stiffness and strength, while shorter processing times at lower temperatures decreased these properties. Maintaining the manufacturing parameters and testing the samples at higher temperature reduced the stiffness, strength, and strain at failure. These findings facilitate customized fabrication for applications requiring variable properties, particularly in active mechanical interfaces responding to external stimuli.
Neural Network-Based Sensorless Control of a Shape Memory Alloy Actuator
Authors: Koshiya Krunal Jagdishbhai , Rizzello Gianluca , Motzki Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Shape memory alloy (SMA) wires can be used as actuators when heated above their austenite finish temperature, as their length reduces because of a phase transformation from martensite to austenite. During phase transformation, changes in electrical properties such as the wire resistance can be correlated to changes in wire length, thus enabling the self-sensing operation mode. This effect can be used to implement sensorless closed-loop control, where the mechanical feedback is provided by a position estimation obtained through the wire resistance. Self-sensing-based control has a significant advantage over sensor-based control, as it removes the need of additional electro-mechanical transducers into the control system. Due to strong nonlinearities intrinsic to SMA behavior, the relationship between resistance and wire elongation is often complex and hysteretic, making the practical implementation of self-sensing architectures in SMA rather challenging.
In this paper, we present a self-sensing-based control of an SMA wire actuator in which a neural network is used to estimate the displacement by using electrical properties. The estimated displacement is further used as feedback to a PI control system, allowing in turn to implement sensorless closed-loop control on an experimental prototype. The performance of the self-sensing-based PI control is compared to laser sensor based PI control, in which position feedback is provided by a laser sensor.
The Physics of Bio-Inspired Covert Flaps As Flight Control Devices
Authors: Zekry Diaa A. , Wissa Aimy A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Covert-inspired flaps are novel feather-inspired aerodynamic control surfaces that enable stability augmentation and maneuvering in small-scale Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (sUAVs), especially for tailless configurations. For the first time, this paper uses time-averaged particle image velocity (PIV) to reveal the effect of static covert-inspired flaps on the flow field when simultaneously deflected on a wing’s upper (suction) and lower (pressure) surfaces. Compared to a flap deployed on a single side, the simultaneously deflected flaps enhance the modulation range of the aerodynamic response (i.e., lift, drag, and pitching moment), making them more effective as control surfaces. Results reveal two categories explaining why the modulation range of the simultaneous deflection response is larger than each side deflection alone. Limit-bounded cases, where the response is within the bounds of the single-sided experiments, and limit-expanding cases, where the interaction between the suction and pressure sides flaps is crucial. Limit-expanding cases are associated with flow fields with increased wake size or flow features that cannot be reconstructed from the suction-only or pressure-only flow fields. Using the velocity fields, we also show that superposition better predicts post-stall responses than pre-stall responses because the flow features present in the wake of the post-stall flow are similar between suction-only, pressure-only, and simultaneous deflection experiments. Finally, we show that the post-stall flow is more sensitive to pressure side flaps than suction side flaps due to significant flow changes occurring at the pressure side when the pressure side flap is deflected, which can increase the size of the wake and significantly alter the response. The results from the flow fields support the data-driven aerodynamic models that express the lift, drag, and pitching moment as a function of the flow and flap parameters.
Systematic Design of Adaptive Connectors Based on Shape Memory Alloys for Electrical Vehicles
Authors: Hofer Andreas , Pagel Kenny , Langbein Sven , Lembke Dietrich , Lehmann Dirk , Drossel Welf-Guntram 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fast charging of electric vehicles (EVs) plays a critical role in the adoption of EVs and thereby in the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources in the transportation sector. However, there are significant limitations to the maximum electrical power that can be transferred during the charging process. One of the biggest challenges is the high electrical contact resistance (ECR) between the charging plug and the vehicle inlet, which leads to significant waste heat generation and associated energy loss. These factors not only affect the efficiency of the charging process, but also carry the risk of damage to the connector system and the EV.
In response to these challenges, this paper proposes a novel approach for an adaptive connector based on thermal shape memory alloys (SMAs). The proposed adaptive connector is designed to increase contact forces only during the charging process, effectively mitigating ECR while ensuring compatibility with existing charging infrastructure. As a result, this technology promises to unlock higher transmission power capabilities and significantly reduce charging times. An integral aspect of this proposed solution is the inherent ability of SMA-based connectors to self-activate in response to the initial high ECR, generating joule heating that triggers the SMA actuator. This eliminates the need for additional power or active actuator control, allowing for a streamlined and energy efficient charging process.
This paper outlines a systematic design framework for the implementation of adaptive connectors, including comprehensive integration of SMA actuators and meticulous optimization strategies tailored to ensure efficient and reliable fast charging of EVs. Evaluation and validation of the system’s effectiveness is underway through trials using combined charging systems (CCS) Type 2 connectors tailored for High Power Charging (HPC) applications, which can accommodate charging powers of up to 500kW. Through these concerted efforts, this research aims to drive the evolution of fast charging technology, catalyzing the widespread adoption of electric vehicles and accelerating the transition to sustainable transportation solutions.
Energy-Efficient Multi Smart Materials Based Actuator Demonstrator Combining Shape Memory Alloy Wires With Electrostatic Clutches
Authors: Venkatachalam Vignesh , Gorges Tom , Bruch Daniel , Nalbach Sophie , Rizzello Gianluca , Motzki Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an actuator demonstrator showcasing a combination of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires and electrostatic (ES) clutches in a multi smart materials based actuator system. Shape memory alloy actuators demonstrate high energy densities and can transmit large actuation forces. However, they suffer from low energy efficiency due to the fact that they are thermal actuators. This drawback inhibits the adoption of SMA actuators in position-holding applications, for example, grasping objects using a robot hand. ES clutches can overcome this drawback of SMA actuators due to their high energy efficiency and ability to withstand high frictional shear stresses. A combination of the two actuator systems combining large actuation forces provided by SMA actuators with the energy-efficient actuation of ES clutches can be used in applications requiring the holding of a desired position or configuration. A demonstrator showcasing a combination of SMA wires with ES clutches demonstrating two different actuation modes: a linear actuator module and an SMA wire-actuated continuum robot is presented here. This demonstrator aims to showcase the versatility of this multi smart materials based actuator system in different actuation scenarios thereby opening further research avenues for smart materials based hybrid actuator systems for energy-efficient actuation.