bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐Area Bright Emission of Plasmon‐Coupled Dark Excitons at Room Temperature
Authors: Jeong Hyun , Suh Hyeong Chan , Cho Ga Hyun , Joo Huitae , Koo Yeonjeong , Ko Hayoung , Kim Ki Kang , Kim Youngbum , Kim Jeongyong , Park Kyoung‐Duck , Jeong Mun Seok 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBrightening dark excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers (MLs) can provide large‐area ultrathin devices for applications in quantum information science and optoelectronics. For practical applications of dark excitons, a robust and bright emission over a wide area at room temperature is desirable; however, no reliable approach has been demonstrated thus far. In this study, an efficient approach is presented for brightening dark excitons at room temperature over a large area of a WSe2 ML via coupling between plasmons and dark excitons. When a WSe2 ML is placed on gold micropillars (Au MPs), dark excitons are efficiently coupled to strongly localized surface plasmons at the edges of the Au MPs, along with a strong photoluminescence (PL) emission. Room‐temperature dark exciton emission is confirmed via energy‐, angle‐, and time‐resolved spectroscopy experiments, as well as confocal PL mapping. This study provides a generalizable method for the practical application of dark exciton.
Synergistic Effect of Single Atomic Ce Sites and CeO2 Nanoparticles for Boosting Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhou Han , Liu Heng , Sun Yanyan , Jiang Luozhen , Xiao Jiamin , Zhang Handong , Xie Haijiao , Li Lina , Wang Shuangyin , Han Lei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFe‐based single‐atomic catalysts (SACs) are considered the most promising non‐precious oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, whereas further development is largely hindered due to the unavoidable Fenton reaction during the ORR process. Herein rare‐metal Ce‐based SACs consisting of single‐atomic Ce sites and CeO2 nanoparticles are constructed by a facile gas‐phase migration strategy. Theoretical calculation results demonstrate that the synergistic effect of the introduction of CeO2 and the coordination structure change of single‐atomic sites is beneficial for the decreased energy barrier of the hydrogenation step of *OH over the single‐atomic Ce sites, which contributes to the enhanced ORR performance with positive half‐wave potential of 0.88 V in 0.1 m KOH. Moreover, the assembled zinc‐air battery can deliver a high power density of 107 mW cm−2 and remarkable long‐term stability of 400 cycles at the current density of 5 mA cm−2. This work provides a new insight for the design and construction of rare‐earth‐metal‐based SACs for the ORR.
Gonadal Maturation and Reproductive Timing in Batch Spawning Tropical Cypriniform Fishes Lobocheilos ovalis, Rasbora argyrotaenia and Tor tambra
Authors: Kahar Rafhiah , Ahmad Norhayati , Arai Takaomi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study is the first to investigate the reproductive traits of Lobocheilos ovalis (n = 621), Rasbora argyrotaenia (n = 507) and Tor tambra (n = 138) through detailed gonad histology. We collected L. ovalis and R. argyrotaenia specimens from September 2017 to August 2019 and T. tambra from July 2018 to August 2019 from tropical rainforest streams in Ulu Temburong National Park Brunei Darussalam. In all three species, females were larger and attained sexual maturation at larger sizes than males. Gonad histology categorized five reproductive phases in the ovarian and testicular maturation cycle comprising the immature, developing, spawning capable, regressing and regenerating phases. Ovarian histological markers of the reproductive phases included increasing oocyte diameters and gradual changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear features. In testes, decreasing nuclear diameters, darkening nuclear stains and germinal epithelium continuity were significant histological markers. Monthly frequencies of reproductive phases showed that L. ovalis and R. argyrotaenia were reproductively active throughout the year, whereas T. tambra exhibited protracted spawning over several months. Gonad histology also revealed asynchronous ovarian development and batch spawning, facilitating these species’ year‐round and protracted spawning. This reproductive strategy may be an adaptation for these species to increase the survival of offspring in hillstream habitats where flash floods are common. The present study significantly fills existing knowledge gaps in Southeast Asian cypriniform fishes, providing a reference point for gonad histology to elucidate the reproductive traits and ecology, particularly for the Lobocheilos, Rasbora and Tor genera. Importantly, it provides practical insights for the conservation and management of the wild populations of these species.
Increased Liver Size and Dysfunction, Ionoregulatory Disturbance and Opportunistic Infections in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) at Low Temperatures: A Case Study
Authors: Vadboncoeur Émile , Nelson Charlotte , Ignatz Eric H. , Clow Kathy A. , Sandrelli Rebeccah M. , Brauner Colin J. , Swanson Andrew K. , Gamperl Anthony Kurt 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent lab‐based experiments, some post‐smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) held at 3°C for 5 weeks exhibited a range of clinical signs. They became lethargic and swam at the water's surface, developed ulcers to the head and jaw (clinical signs similar to tenacibaculosis in Norwegian salmon aquaculture) and had fin erosion, and this was associated with significant mortalities. In addition, when fish with ‘early’ and ‘advanced’ stages of these different clinical signs were further examined, their livers were found to be large, pale and friable. Fish with this aetiology also had elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels (indicative of liver damage), elevated plasma [Na+], [Cl−] and osmolality (indicating osmoregulatory impairment), low glucose levels (likely limiting metabolic responses to maintain homeostasis) and high circulating cortisol levels (∼100 ng/mL). This suite of physiological disturbances is very similar to that observed in a condition referred to as ‘Winter Syndrome’ or ‘Winter Disease’ (WS/WD) in cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and other fish species. Thus, it appears that WS/WD described here for the first time in Atlantic salmon, alone or in combination with opportunistic infections, results in lipid deposition in the liver, compromising liver function and osmoregulatory capacity, and metabolic collapse that ultimately results in significant losses.
An overview of the Ohio Corn Performance Test: Trends over 50 years
Authors: Medeiros Jhonata Cantuaria , Zavala Jean , Shahrokhi Mohsen , Minyo Richard , Geyer Allen , Lindsey Alexander , Thomison Peter , Ortez Osler 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Ohio Corn Performance Test (OCPT) aims to provide farmers, educators, agronomists, and seed companies with information to help growers make decisions regarding hybrid selection and increase overall crop productivity. For more than 50 years, the OCPT has evaluated the agronomic performance of commercially available corn hybrids across the state. The objective of this study was to highlight overall trends as they relate to crop management, agronomic performance, and grain yields. The program has been planted annually at about 10 distinct sites grouped in three regions: Southwest/West Central Region, Northwest Region, and North Central/Northeast Region. Data collection and measurements include crop emergence percentages, lodging ratings, grain moisture, volumetric grain weight, and grain yields. Over the last 50 years, more than 53,000 hybrid combinations (i.e., hybrids × environments × years) were tested in the OCPT. From 1972 to 2021, seeding rates increased from 68,259 to 89,239 seeds ha−1, seedling emergence increased from 86.2% to 94.9%, and final plant stands increased from 58,559 to 84,649 plants ha−1. From these trends, the number of days from planting to harvest decreased by 11.5 days (slightly later planting dates, variable harvest dates), grain moisture at harvest decreased by 48 g kg−1, and average volumetric grain weight increased by 83 kg m−3. The same period had a grain yield gain of 0.135 Mg ha−1 year−1, with 9.09 Mg ha−1 in 1972 and 16.97 Mg ha−1 in 2021 (an 87% increase). Overall, the annual OCPT results show agronomic and yield improvements that have contributed to the selection of hybrids in the state of Ohio.
Combined impact of aerification, postemergence herbicides, and post‐herbicide irrigation on goosegrass control in bermudagrass putting greens
Authors: Petelewicz Pawel , Joseph Mikerly M. , Sierra Augustinus I. Alejandra , Arevalo Alvarenga A. Fernanda , McLoughlin Patrick H. , Gallo Sergio A. , MacDonald Gregory E. , Schiavon Marco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGoosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] is a difficult‐to‐control grassy weed occurring in compacted soils or heavy‐traffic areas including golf greens. In Florida, goosegrass survives as a short‐lived perennial, and eradication becomes more challenging as the plant matures. Currently, only foramsulfuron (FOR) is registered for postemergence goosegrass control in hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] putting surfaces. A 2‐year study evaluated the impact of three aerification treatments (none vs. once year−1 or twice year−1) followed by herbicide applications (FOR at 0.029 kg ha−1, simazine at 0.525 kg ha−1, metribuzin at 0.210 kg ha−1, topramezone [TOP] at 0.006 kg ha−1, and mesotrione [MES] at 0.175 kg ha−1) to control mature goosegrass in a TifEagle hybrid bermudagrass putting green in Davie, FL. The impact of immediate post‐herbicide irrigation on turf safety was also investigated. Aerification treatments were initiated in June, and herbicides were applied approximately 1 week after each aerification event. FOR did not effectively control goosegrass, while tank‐mixes of mesotrione + topramezone tank‐mix and simazine + mesotrione tank‐mix provided effective control but produced unacceptable phytotoxicity. Post application irrigation reduced turf injury with TOP and MES alone in 2021, and weed control in both years. Aerification did not influence goosegrass control or turf safety.
Single‐Electron Oxidation Triggered by Visible‐Light‐Excited Enzymes for Asymmetric Biocatalysis
Authors: Yu Jinhai , Chen Bin , Huang Xiaoqiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBy integrating enzymatic catalysis with photocatalysis, photoenzymatic catalysis emerges as a powerful strategy to enhance enzyme catalytic capabilities and provide superior stereocontrol in reactions involving reactive intermediates. Repurposing naturally occurring enzymes using visible light is among the most active directions of photoenzymatic catalysis. This Minireview focuses on a cutting‐edge strategy in this direction, namely single‐electron‐oxidation‐triggered non‐natural biotransformations catalyzed by photoexcited enzymes. These straightforward transformations feature a unique radical mechanism initiated by single‐electron oxidation, achieving redox‐neutral non‐natural C−C, C−O, and C−S bond formation, and expanding the chemical toolbox of enzymes. By highlighting recent advances in this field and emphasizing their catalytic mechanisms and synthetic potential, innovative approaches for photobiomanufacturing are anticipated.
Dynamic Passivation of Perovskite Films via Gradual Additive Release for Enhanced Solar Cell Efficiency
Authors: Zhu Yujie , Zhang Jing , Su Hang , Wang Peijun , She Yutong , Zheng Xinxin , Liu Xin , Wu Jiarong , Wang Runkang , Wang Ying , Li Deng , Liu Shengzhong Frank 
Published: November 2024

AbstractModifying perovskites with functional additives has proven effective in refining the crystallization process and passivating the defects of perovskite films, thereby ensuring high photovoltaic efficiencies. However, conventional methods that involve pre‐mixing additives into the precursor solution often face challenges due to discrepancies in the spatial distribution of slow‐diffused additives relative to dynamically formed defect sites, resulting in limited passivation effectiveness. To address this issue, this study innovatively proposes a dynamic passivation strategy that utilizes a pre‐passivator to gradually release active additives during the thermal crystallization process of perovskite films. By leveraging the principle of energy minimization, these timely‐released additives can interact precisely and selectively with the high‐energy defect sites generated during crystallization, thus facilitating efficient additive utilization and in situ real‐time defect passivation. Through analysis of crystallization kinetics and carrier dynamic, it is demonstrated that this dynamic passivation approach significantly improves film quality and prolongs carrier lifetime, outperforming traditional pre‐mixing tactics. Consequently, the final perovskite solar cell achieves an impressive solar conversion efficiency of 25.33 %, along with exceptional stability. This work provides strong support of tailored additive strategies aimed at further enhancing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells and their subsequent commercial applications.
Specialist reunification foster care: A care team approach around trauma, attachment and supporting children to return home
Authors: Boyle Jennifer , Remedios Alicia , Davill Nicole , Cua Danielle , Ritacco Guillermina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFoster care is a key element of Australia's child protection system. If a child's safety is threatened, they are removed from their families and placed under the guardianship of the chief executive in a care setting (guardianship order). In South Australia, the rate of children and young people entering the ‘In Care’ system has been increasing. As of 31 May 2024, the South Australian Department for Child Protection (DCP) reported that 4874 (0.4% increase from 2023) children and young people were on guardianship orders. In addition to the increase, there continues to be an overrepresentation of Aboriginal children and young people in care (37.4%) due to the ongoing impacts of intergenerational trauma because of colonisation and the Stolen Generation. The increase in children in care has placed immense pressure on the child protection system. Research indicates the best place for children to be is with their families. Centacare Foster Care, while supporting all care types, has a specialist reunification model (SRM). This model, the topic of this paper, incorporates a care team approach, informed by Centacare's stabilising trauma in everyday practice (STEP) framework. The SRM which starts from recruitment has been key in ensuring children and young people maintain positive connection with their family and return home safely, resulting in the successful reunifications. This model has seen a 67% success rate in reunifications, well above the 48% success rate nationally. Importantly, this model has seen a 65.5% success rate in reunifications of Aboriginal children between the years 2022 and 2024, which is well above the national reunification rate of 7.6%. This paper, written by Centacare's specialist reunification foster care team, outlines some of the key features of the model and broader program, from recruitment to reunification.
Microwave dielectric characterization of P(VDF‐TrFE)‐CuO nanocomposite free‐standing flexible films
Authors: Mohan P. Nikhil , Thirmal C. , Suresh G. , Arun B. , Joseph Andrews , Vishwam T. , James Raju K. C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFree‐standing and flexible Polyvinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene (P(VDF‐TrFE))—Copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanocomposite films were synthesized using the solution casting method. CuO nanoparticle weight percentage varied as 0%, 10% and 20% in the P(VDF‐TrFE) matrix. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed for phase confirmation. The morphological changes with the content of CuO nanofiller in the P(VDF‐TrFE) matrix was examined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The thermal stability of the free‐standing films were tested by the Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The dielectric permittivity and loss tangent of the films were measured at 10.156 GHz using a Split Post Dielectric Resonator (SPDR) method. The results were verified with the Cavity perturbation technique at 9.174 GHz and showed a decrease in the dielectric properties with a rise in the weight percentage of CuO up to 20%. The present study demonstrates the comparison of the two techniques and the dielectric tunability in microwave frequencies.
Anatomy of the Dynamics of the Nucleation of Skyrmions in Nanodots via the Voltage‐Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Olleros‐Rodríguez Pablo , Gudín Adrián , Camarero Julio , Chubykalo‐Fesenko Oksana , Perna Paolo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectric fields can be employed to efficiently manipulate spin textures in low‐dimensional magnetic systems. In this work, the field‐free formation of magnetic skyrmions in ferromagnetic‐based patterned nanodots with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction via the voltage‐controlled magnetic anisotropy is studied. By micromagnetic simulations it is demonstrated that by reducing the magnetic anisotropy via an electric voltage pulse with adequate intensity and raise and decay times, it is possible to achieve 100% skyrmion nucleation probability through an intermediate magnetic vortex. The nucleation path is investigated in a Graphene/Co/Pt nanodot varying Co thickness, temperature, and applied field. A complete nucleation/annihilation process via bipolar voltage pulses is also possible enabling the realization of a writing/deleting logic device. The results reveal the relevance of following a quasi‐equilibrium magnetization dynamical path and elucidates the relevance of the absolute stability of the magnetic skyrmion state against other possible magnetic configurations.
Role of STING Deficiency in Amelioration of Mouse Models of Lupus and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Liu Yudong , Carmona‐Rivera Carmelo , Seto Nickie L. , Oliveira Christopher B. , Patino‐Martinez Eduardo , Baumer Yvonne , Powell‐Wiley Tiffany M. , Mehta Nehal , Hasni Sarfaraz , Zhang Xuan , Kaplan Mariana J. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune syndrome characterized by autoreactive responses to nucleic acids, dysregulation of the type I interferon (IFN‐I) pathway, and accelerated atherosclerosis. The stimulator of IFN genes (STING), a cytosolic DNA sensor, has pathogenic implications in various inflammatory diseases. However, its specific role in SLE pathogenesis, particularly in tissue damage, remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of STING in murine models of Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7)–driven lupus and atherosclerosis.MethodsA TLR7‐driven lupus model was induced using imiquimod (IMQ) in wild‐type (WT) and STING knockout (Sting1−/−) mice on a B6 background. Mice were assessed for organ involvement, serum autoantibodies, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Additionally, Sting1−/− mice were backcrossed to apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe−/−) mice, and both Apoe−/− and Apoe−/−Sting1−/− mice were fed a high‐fat chow diet to induce atherosclerosis. Phenotypic assessments were conducted.ResultsCompared with IMQ‐treated WT mice, Sting1−/− mice exhibited reduced disease severity in the lupus‐like phenotype, characterized by decreased splenomegaly, lower renal immune complex deposition and renal damage, diminished expansion of myeloid cells, and reduced activation of T and B lymphocytes. IMQ‐induced DNA release associated with IFN‐β production and subsequent IFN‐induced responses were attenuated in Sting1−/− mice. DNase I treatment mitigated IMQ‐induced proinflammatory responses in WT mice but had no effect in Sting1−/− mice. Furthermore, STING deficiency conferred protection against vascular damage and reduced atherosclerosis burden, accompanied by decreased IFN‐I production. Human monocyte–derived macrophages treated with IFN‐I significantly internalized more acetylated low‐density lipoprotein when compared with untreated cells, whereas an association between oxidized nucleic acids and disease activity and vascular damage was found in human SLE.ConclusionThese findings highlight a pathogenic role of STING and downstream IFN responses in TLR7‐driven autoimmunity, vascular damage and atherosclerosis, supporting a therapeutic potential for STING inhibition in SLE treatment. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying STING's involvement in these processes and to explore the feasibility of targeting STING as a therapeutic strategy in SLE and related autoimmune disorders.image
Bi‐Enhanced BixTi(4‐x)O7 Heterojunctions for Improved Photocatalytic Activity in Tetracycline Removal
Authors: Duan Jixiang , Shen Kaixiang , Ye Zhihong , He Qinyu , Qahramon Zarifzoda Afzalshoh , Chen Fuming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe photocatalytic proficiency of Bi2Ti2O7 is hindered by its inadequate solar energy harnessing capability and swift electron‐hole recombination dynamics. In the investigation, the study innovated Bi metal oxide heterostructures by embedding Bi nanoparticle‐modified BixTi(4‐x)O7 composites, systematically synthesizing a suite of Bi/BT materials through meticulous tuning of the Bi and Ti precursor ratios. Notably, the Bi/BT‐2 series was examined for its photocatalytic performance in tetracycline (TC) degradation. The findings revealed that Bi/BT‐2 exhibited remarkable TC degradation efficiency, achieving a removal rate of 99.6 %, which surpasses BT‐2 by a factor of 3.25 and TiO2 by 1.67 times. Mechanistic probing unveiled that the incorporation of nanostructured Bi onto the BixTi(4‐x)O7 surface introduced fresh active sites, dramatically bolstering the photocatalytic activity by augmenting the light absorption spectrum and refining charge separation processes. Moreover, an exhaustive examination of the TC degradation mechanism facilitated by Bi/BT‐2 demonstrated sustained efficiency exceeding 80 % across a pH range spanning from 3 to 9, emphasizing its promising potential for practical applications. This study contributes invaluable perspectives for the design of cutting‐edge metal‐oxide photocatalysts tailored for environmental remediation purposes. Synopsis: The low degradation efficiency of tetracycline has posed a major challenge in bismuth titanate research. To address this, a novel approach was implemented by developing a BixTi(4‐x)O7 composite catalyst modified with Bi nanoparticles. This modification forms a metal‐oxide heterojunction, which significantly enhances the degradation efficiency.