bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives Improve Global Supply Chains? Improving Deliberative Capacity with a Stakeholder Orientation
Authors: Soundararajan Vivek , Brown Jill A. , Wicks Andrew C. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Global multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) are important instruments that have the potential to improve the social and environmental sustainability of global supply chains. However, they often fail to comprehensively address the needs and interests of various supply-chain participants. While voluntary in nature, MSIs have most often been implemented through coercive approaches, resulting in friction among their participants and in systemic problems with decoupling. Additionally, in those cases in which deliberation was constrained between and amongst participants, collaborative approaches have often failed to materialize. Our framework focuses on two key aspects of these breakdowns: assumptions about the orientation of MSI participants, and the deliberation processes that participants use to engage with each other to create these initiatives and sustain them over time. Drawing from stakeholder and deliberation theories, we revisit the concept of MSIs and show how their deliberative capacity may be enhanced in order to encourage participants to collaborate voluntarily.
Why does polysemy vary across languages? An explanation in the framework of the Sign Theory of Language / Pourquoi la polysémie varie-t-elle d'une langue à l'autre? Une explication dans le cadre de la Théorie du langage basée sur le signe
Authors: Zuercher Beau 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany pairs of words traditionally treated as crosslinguistic equivalents do not share the same set of senses, and dominant theories fail to account for this asymmetry. This article proposes an explanation for the crosslinguistic variation of polysemy based on two key insights from Bouchard's Sign Theory of Language. First, multifunctional words have only a single, abstract meaning, and second, properties of the linguistic sign follow from properties of the external systems with which language interfaces. The article describes the content of the English and French deictic verbs go, aller, come, and venir, showing that each possesses a simple semantic representation composed of primitives from general cognition. It then examines several specific semantic uses of go and aller, showing that differences in the surface polysemy of these verbs follow directly from a single difference in their abstract lexical meaning and the way the latter interacts with context, extralinguistic knowledge and grammar.
Ophelimus mediterraneus sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae): a new Eucalyptus gall wasp in the Mediterranean region
Authors: Borowiec N. , La Salle J. , Brancaccio L. , Thaon M. , Warot S. , Branco M. , Ris N. , Malausa J.-C. , Burks R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report here for the first time the presence ofOphelimus mediterraneussp. n. in Mediterranean Europe. This species appears to be closely related toOphelimus maskelli, a well-known invasive pest ofEucalyptus. Based on molecular (cytochrome oxidase I, 28S), morphological (multivariate ratio analysis) and bio-ecological investigations, our study gives unambiguous relevant criteria that allow the discrimination between these two species. A full description ofO. mediterraneussp. n. is also provided. The geographic distribution ofO. mediterraneussp. n. as well as its impact onEucalyptusspecies needs to be more widely assessed since its presence may have been confused withO. maskelliin their sympatric introduced areas. Further investigations of potential parasitoids in the native area may thus be welcomed to evaluate classical biological control achievability.
Gerstenhaber Bracket on the Hochschild Cohomology via An Arbitrary Resolution
Authors: Volkov Yury 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe prove formulas of different types that allow us to calculate the Gerstenhaber bracket on the Hochschild cohomology of an algebra using some arbitrary projective bimodule resolution for it. Using one of these formulas, we give a new short proof of the derived invariance of the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on Hochschild cohomology. We also give some new formulas for the Connes differential on the Hochschild homology that lead to formulas for the Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) differential on the Hochschild cohomology in the case of symmetric algebras. Finally, we use one of the obtained formulas to provide a full description of the BV structure and, correspondingly, the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on the Hochschild cohomology of a class of symmetric algebras.
First country-wide survey of the Endangered Asian elephant: towards better conservation and management in Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando Prithiviraj , De Silva M.K. Channa R. , Jayasinghe L.K.A. , Janaka H.K. , Pastorini Jennifer 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Endangered Asian elephant Elephas maximus comes into widespread conflict with agrarian communities, necessitating active management. The species’ distribution is of primary importance for management planning. However, data-based countrywide distribution maps have not been available for any of the 13 Asian elephant range states. We conducted a 5 × 5 km grid-based questionnaire survey in Sri Lanka to produce an island-wide elephant distribution map. Elephants occur over 59.9% of Sri Lanka and people are resident in 69.4% of elephant range, indicating the challenge of separating people and elephants at a landscape scale. Elephants in Sri Lanka have lost 16.1% of their range since 1960 but their current distribution remains largely contiguous. We found the range of adult males was 15.1% greater, and less seasonal, than that of herds, possibly because males have a higher tolerance for conflict with people. The distribution of conflict coincided with the co-occurrence of humans and elephants. We conclude that a human–elephant coexistence model is the only viable option for effectively mitigating human–elephant conflict and conserving elephants in Sri Lanka. The findings are currently being used to effect a paradigm change in elephant conservation and management in the country.
Re-evaluation of merogony of aCystoisospora ohioensis-like coccidian and its distinction from gametogony in the intestine of a naturally infected dog
Authors: Dubey J. P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFour species ofCystoisospora,C. canis,C. ohioensis,C. neorivoltaandC. burrowsiare described from feces of dogs. Of these, the oocysts ofC. canisare the largest and easily distinguished from the remaining three species. Oocysts ofC. ohioensis,C. neorivoltaandC. burrowsiare difficult to distinguish because of overlap in their sizes. However, based on endogenous developmental stages,C. ohioensisis distinct fromC. neorivoltaandC. burrowsibecause its endogenous stages are confined to surface epithelium of intestine whereas endogenous stages ofC. neorivoltaandC. burrowsiare predominantly in the lamina propria. There are uncertainties regarding the endogenous stages ofC. neorivoltaandC. burrowsiand there is no way now to determine whetherC. burrowsiandC. neorivoltaare different parasites; therefore, these are referred asC. ohioensis-like organisms. Additionally, mode of division of asexual stages of coccidia of dogs is largely unknown and ultrastructural studies are lacking. In the present study, development of asexual and sexual stages of aC. ohioensis-like organism in a naturally infected dog is described by light microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy. Merozoites divided by endodyogeny/merogony. Meronts were crescent/merozoite-shaped and contained a maximum of eight nuclei. A distinctive feature of merozoites was the presence of many PAS-positive amylopectin granules that were absent or rare in immature microgamonts making it possible to distinguish them.
Morphological characterization and molecular phylogeny of zoonotic trematodes in the freshwater snail Asolene platae
Authors: Dellagnola Federico A. , Montes Martín M. , Martorelli Sergio R. , Vega Israel A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the context of a broader program dealing with the symbiotic associations of apple snails, we sampled three species that coexist in Lake Regatas (Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina). The population ofAsolene platae, (but not those ofPomacea canaliculataandPomacea scalaris) showed trematode larvae (echinocercariae and xiphidiocercariae) in haemocoelic spaces and connective tissue of the digestive gland. The echinocercariae resembled those of the genusEchinochasmus, but lacked sensory hairs on their body and tail; whereas xiphidiocercariae were similar to the xiphidiocercariae armatae belonging to the Opisthoglyphe type. The phylogenetical positions of these trematodes were inferred by the 28S rRNA, ITS1 and mtCOXI gene sequences. The 28S rRNA gene linked the echinocercarial sequences with the polyphyletic genusEchinochasmus(Echinochasmidae), while the xiphidiocercarial sequences were linked with the genusPhaneropsolus(Phaneropsolidae). The molecular markers used were able to distinguish two cryptic molecular entities of the single echinocercarial morphotype. Although ITS1 and mtCOXI did not allow resolving phylogeny beyond the family level because of the scarce number of sequences in the molecular databases, both cercariae (echinocercariae and xiphidiocercariae) could be distinguished by the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 amplicon size. This is the first correlative morphological and molecular study of zoonotic trematodes in Neotropical ampullariids.
Migration and psychosis: a meta-analysis of incidence studies
Authors: Selten Jean-Paul , van der Ven Els , Termorshuizen Fabian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this meta-analysis are (i) to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) of developing non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD) and affective psychotic disorder (APD) among migrants and their children; (ii) to adjust these results for socioeconomic status (SES); (iii) to examine the sources of heterogeneity that underlie the risk of NAPD.MethodsWe included population-based incidence studies that reported an age-adjusted RR with 95% confidence interval (CI) published 1 January 1977–12 October 2017 and used a random-effects model.ResultsWe retrieved studies performed in Europe (n= 43), Israel (n= 3), Canada (n= 2) and Australia (n= 1). The meta-analysis yielded a RR, adjusted for age and sex, of 2.13 (95% CI 1.99–2.27) for NAPD and 2.94 (95% CI 2.28–3.79) for APD. The RRs diminished, but persisted after adjustment for SES. With reference to NAPD: a personal or parental history of migration to Europe from countries outside Europe was associated with a higher RR (RR = 2.94, 95% CI 2.63–3.29) than migration within Europe (RR = 1.88, 95% 1.62–2.18). The corresponding RR was lower in Israel (RR = 1.22; 0.99–1.50) and Canada (RR = 1.21; 0.85–1.74). The RR was highest among individuals with a black skin colour (RR = 4.19, 95% CI 3.42–5.14). The evidence of a difference in risk between first and second generation was insufficient.ConclusionsPositive selection may explain the low risk in Canada, while the change from exclusion to inclusion may do the same in Israel. Given the high risks among migrants from developing countries in Europe, social exclusion may have a pathogenic role.
On Human-in-the-Loop CPS in Healthcare: A Cloud-Enabled Mobility Assistance Service
Authors: de Mello Ricardo C. , Jimenez Mario F. , Ribeiro Moises R. N. , Laiola Guimarães Rodrigo , Frizera-Neto Anselmo 
Published: February 2019

SummaryDespite recent advancements on cloud-enabled and human-in-the-loop cyber-physical systems, there is still a lack of understanding of how infrastructure-related quality of service (QoS) issues affect user-perceived quality of experience (QoE). This work presents a pilot experiment over a cloud-enabled mobility assistive device providing a guidance service and investigates the relationship between QoS and QoE in such a system. In our pilot experiment, we employed the CloudWalker, a system linking smart walkers and cloud platforms, to physically interact with users. Different QoS conditions were emulated to represent an architecture in which control algorithms are performed remotely. Results point out that users report satisfactory interaction with the system even under unfavorable QoS conditions. We also found statistically significant data linking QoE degradation to poor QoS conditions. We finalize discussing the interplay between QoS requirements, the human-in-the-loop effect, and the perceived QoE in healthcare applications.
Seasonal use of waterholes and pathways by macrofauna in the dry forest of Costa Rica
Authors: Montalvo Victor H. , Sáenz-Bolaños Carolina , Alfaro Luis D. , Cruz Juan C. , Guimarães-Rodrigues Flavio H. , Carrillo Eduardo , Sutherland Christopher , Fuller Todd K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTemporal and spatial scarcity of water in semi-arid and seasonal ecosystems often leads to changes in movements and behaviour of large vertebrates, and in the neotropics this dynamic is poorly understood due to logistical and methodological limitations. Here we used camera trapping to elucidate variation in patterns of seasonal use of waterholes and pathways by 10 large-mammal and four large-bird species in the dry forest of north-western Costa Rica. From 2011 to 2015, we deployed trail cameras at 50 locations, including waterholes and three types of pathway (roads, human trails and animal paths). We used Generalized Linear Models to evaluate the effect of location and seasonality on the rates at which independent photographs were taken. We found interacting effects of location and seasonality for the capuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus), the tiger heron (Trigrisoma mexicanum), the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the tapir (Tapirus bairdii) suggesting that these species were the most influenced by waterholes during the dry season. Comparison of waterhole sites and specific types of pathways (roads, animal paths and human trails) showed that location influenced photo-capture rates of almost all species, suggesting a useful insight to avoid and account for bias in camera trap studies. Furthering our ecological understanding of seasonal water regimes and large vertebrates’ behaviours allow for better understanding of the consequences of climate change on them.
Quality assurance of intensity modulated radiation therapy treatment planning using head and neck phantom
Authors: Zahra  , Rehman Jalil ur , Noor ul Huda Khan Asghar H M , Ahmad Nisar , Gilani Zaheer Abbas , Nasar Gulfam , Akhter Malik M 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is the verification of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) head neck treatment planning with one-dimensional and two-dimensional (2D) dosimeters using imaging and radiation oncology core (IROC) Houston head &amp; neck (H&amp;N) phantom.MethodThe image of the H&amp;N phantom was obtained by computed tomography scan which was then transferred to Pinnacle@3 treatment planning system (TPS) for treatment planning. The contouring of the target volumes and critical organ were done manually and dose constraints were set for each organ according to IROC prescription. The plan was optimised by adoptive convolution algorithm to meet the IROC criteria and collapse cone convolution algorithm calculated the delivered doses for treatment. Varian Clinac 2110 was used to deliver the treatment plan to the phantom, the process of irradiation and measurement were repeated three times for reproducibility and reliability. The treatment plan was verified by measuring the doses from thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and GafChromic external beam therapy 2 films. The agreement between the planned and delivered doses were checked by calculating the percentage dose differences, analysing their isodose line profiles and 2D gamma maps.ResultsThe average percent dose difference of 1·8% was obtained between computed doses by TPS and measured doses from TLDs, however these differences were found to be higher for organ at risk. The film dose profile was well in agreement with the planned dose distribution with distance to agreement of 1·5 mm. The gamma analysis of the computed and recorded doses passed the criteria of 3%/3 mm with passing percentages of &gt;96%, which shows successful authentication of delivered doses for IMRT.ConclusionIMRT pre-treatment validation can be done with IROC anthropomorphic phantoms, which is essential for the delivery of modulated radiotherapies. It was concluded that films and TLDs can be used as quality assurance tools for IMRT.
A regional approach to Nordic crop wild relativein situconservation planning
Authors: Fitzgerald Heli , Palmé Anna , Asdal Åsmund , Endresen Dag , Kiviharju Elina , Lund Birgitte , Rasmussen Morten , Thorbjörnsson Hjörtur , Weibull Jens 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) can provide one solution to future challenges on food security, sustainable agriculture and adaptation to climate change. Diversity found in CWR can be essential for adapting crops to these new demands. Since the need to improvein situconservation of CWR has been recognized by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (2010) and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (2011–2020), it is important to develop ways to safeguard these important genetic resources. The Nordic flora includes many species related to food, forage and other crop groups, but little has been done to systematically secure these important wild resources. A Nordic regional approach to CWR conservation planning provided opportunities to network, find synergies, share knowledge, plan the conservation and give policy inputs on a regional level. A comprehensive CWR checklist for the Nordic region was generated and then prioritized by socio-economic value and utilization potential. Nordic CWR checklist was formed of 2553 taxa related to crop plants. Out of these, 114 taxa including 83 species were prioritized representing vegetable, cereal, fruit, berry, nut and forage crop groups. Thein situconservation planning of the priority CWR included ecogeographic and complementarity analyses to identify a potential network of genetic reserve sites in the region. Altogether 971,633 occurrence records of the priority species were analysed. A minimum number of sites within and outside existing conservation areas were identified that had the potential to support a maximum number of target species of maximum intraspecific diversity.
The Gender Gap in Political Discussion Group Attendance
Authors: Beauvais Edana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough women and men enjoy formally equal political rights in today's democracies, there are ongoing gaps in the extent to which they make use of these rights, with women underrepresented in many political practices. The gender gap in democratic participation is problematic because gendered asymmetries in participation entail collective outcomes that are less attentive to women's needs, interests, and preferences. Existing studies consider gender gaps in voting behavior and in certain forms of nonelectoral politics such as boycotting, signings a petition, or joining a protest. However, almost no work considers gendered variation in discursive politics. Do women participate in small, face-to-face political discussion groups at the same rate as men? And does gender intersect with other identities—such as ethnicity—to impact attendance at political discussion groups? I use data from the Canadian Election Study 2015 Web Survey to answer these questions. I find that women are significantly less likely to attend small-group discussions than men and that ethnicity intersects with gender in some important ways. However, I find no evidence that other social attributes—poverty or the presence of young children in the home—suppress women's participation in political discussion groups more than men's.
The GEDI Simulator: A Large‐Footprint Waveform Lidar Simulator for Calibration and Validation of Spaceborne Missions
Authors: Hancock Steven , Armston John , Hofton Michelle , Sun Xiaoli , Tang Hao , Duncanson Laura I. , Kellner James R. , Dubayah Ralph 
Published: February 2019

NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is a spaceborne lidar mission which will produce near global (51.6°S to 51.6°N) maps of forest structure and above‐ground biomass density during its 2‐year mission. GEDI uses a waveform simulator for calibration of algorithms and assessing mission accuracy. This paper implements a waveform simulator, using the method proposed in Blair and Hofton (1999; https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL010484), and builds upon that work by adding instrument noise and by validating simulated waveforms across a range of forest types, airborne laser scanning (ALS) instruments, and survey configurations. The simulator was validated by comparing waveform metrics derived from simulated waveforms against those derived from observed large‐footprint, full‐waveform lidar data from NASA's airborne Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS). The simulator was found to produce waveform metrics with a mean bias of less than 0.22 m and a root‐mean‐square error of less than 5.7 m, as long as the ALS data had sufficient pulse density. The minimum pulse density required depended upon the instrument. Measurement errors due to instrument noise predicted by the simulator were within 1.5 m of those from observed waveforms and 70–85% of variance in measurement error was explained. Changing the ALS survey configuration had no significant impact on simulated metrics, suggesting that the ALS pulse density is a sufficient metric of simulator accuracy across the range of conditions and instruments tested. These results give confidence in the use of the simulator for the pre‐launch calibration and performance assessment of the GEDI mission.
Experimental Observation of the Onset of Percolation in Freshwater Granular Ice
Authors: Renshaw Carl E. , Schulson Erland M. , Iliescu Daniel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe inferred narrow range of crack densities of crustal rocks at depths >1 km has been interpreted to imply that crack networks at depth are in a state of criticality with densities restricted to values near the percolation threshold. Their state is critical in the sense that at crack densities above this threshold, both the permeability and compliance increase significantly, allowing pore fluids to disperse and stresses to relax, limiting further crack growth. This analysis assumes that the crack density percolation threshold is similar to that of crack networks composed of randomly located cracks, yet network structure due to crack growth processes is known to impact the percolation threshold. Using ice as a model material for rock, we show experimentally that near the brittle‐to‐ductile transition, the crack density at the percolation threshold depends on the strain rate. At higher strain rates, the strain at percolation is scale invariant, and the crack density percolation threshold is similar to that of random crack networks. At lower strain rates, the strain at percolation increases with sample size, and percolation occurs at crack densities significantly below that at which percolation occurs in random crack networks. Near the brittle‐to‐ductile transition in the deeper crust, crack growth and coalescence may depend on strain rate, changing the nature of crack network criticality.