bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Sourdough Fermentation on Non‐Nutritive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Flours from Different Phaseolus Vulgaris L. Genotypes
Authors: Gabriele Morena , Sparvoli Francesca , Bollini Roberto , Lubrano Valter , Longo Vincenzo , Pucci Laura 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study dealt with the effect of sourdough fermentation on antinutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities of flours from three Phaseoulus vulgaris L. genotypes with differing composition of lectins. Specifically, cultivar Lady Joy (LJ) devoid of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and enriched in alfa‐amylase inhibitor (αAI), breeding line P500 low in PHA and devoid of αAI, and Taylor's horticultivar, containing normal levels of both proteins. Sourdough fermentation positively affects the nutritional values of all bean flours by reducing some antinutrients, for example, phytic acid while preserving αAI activity. It significantly increased total polyphenols, flavonols, and ascorbic acid content, while reducing flavonoids. No significant differences in antioxidant activity, measured by in vitro and ex vivo assays on human erythrocytes, were found. The kinetic profiles of conjugated dienes analysis showed a strong inhibitory effect on low‐density lipoproteins oxidation of all tested powders, with unfermented flours displaying the best antioxidant activity. Among bean powders, unfermented and fermented LJ showed the highest polyphenols level (4.21 ± 0.18 and 4.96 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g dw, respectively), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values (24.17 ± 0.14 and 24.02 ± 0.93 µmol TE/100g dw, respectively) and cellular antioxidant activity (71.6 ± 7.05 and 62.7 ± 3.3 units, respectively). Finally, since fermentation drastically reduces phytic acid content while preserving αAI activity, fermented LJ represents an important natural slimming supplement.
In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Low‐Crystallinity Phytosterol Nanoparticles Generated Using Nanoporous Starch Bioaerogels
Authors: Ubeyitogullari Ali , Moreau Régis , Rose Devin J. , Ciftci Ozan N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhytosterols are natural health‐promoting bioactive compounds; however, phytosterols have very limited bioavailability due to their crystalline lipophilic structure. With the aim of improving bioaccessibility, low‐crystallinity phytosterol nanoparticles were generated by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) impregnation of phytosterols into nanoporous starch aerogels (NSAs). The in vitro bioaccessibility of the phytosterol nanoparticles (35%) was significantly higher than that of the crude phytosterols (3%) after sequential oral, gastric, and intestinal digestion. The percentages of starch hydrolysis were not different among the various NSA preparations and reached to 64% after sequential digestion. The zeta potential of the phytosterol nanoparticles was higher compared to that of crude phytosterols in the micellar phase; indicating higher stability. The findings of this study support the use of NSA to produce nanoparticles of reduced crystallinity to improve the bioaccessibility of the lipophilic bioactive compounds.Practical ApplicationsThis novel process can decrease the size and crystallinity of phytosterols and thus improve phytosterols’ bioavailability. It is a blueprint to apply to other water insoluble food bioactives. This novel approach may (i) improve the health benefits of water‐insoluble bioactives; (ii) enable food manufacturers to add water‐insoluble bioactives into low‐ and high‐fat foods to produce health‐promoting foods; and (iii) enhance the cost‐benefit ratio of water insoluble bioactives.
Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics of Garlic Produced from South Korea and China
Authors: Ahn Su‐Jin , Lee Ayoung , Min Seung‐sik , In Sangwhan , Kim Eunmi , Kim Hyung Joo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGarlic is widely cultivated and frequently used as a spice in South Korea, due to its characteristic flavor. It is rich in sulfur‐containing compounds (for example, allicin) and nonsulfur elements (for example, phosphorus and potassium). During the last few years, the cultivation area of garlic in South Korea has gradually decreased, one of the reasons being the increase in low‐priced imported garlic from China. Several studies have reported the discrimination of foods originating from different geographical areas by analyzing their physicochemical properties using various statistical methods. In this study, the differentiation of geographical origin of garlic between South Korea (60 samples) and China (41 samples) was performed by analyzing their physicochemical properties (for example, pH, soluble solid, moisture, free sugars, mineral elements, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents) combined with statistical methods. The significant difference between domestic garlic from South Korea and imported garlic from China was investigated in terms of pH, moisture content, total flavonoid content, and all trace minerals except for manganese and magnesium. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the geographical origin (South Korea or China) of garlic after selecting the appropriate independent variables. As a result, the calculated logistic regression equation from the analysis of copper, iron, phosphorus, zinc, and sucrose contents could be used to determine whether the geographical origin of garlic was South Korea or China.Practical ApplicationDespite being widely used in South Korea, the cultivation area of garlic in South Korea has gradually decreased over the last few years. One of the reasons is the increase in low‐priced imported garlic from China. To discriminate the geographical origin of garlic between South Korea and China, analyzed physicochemical properties (that is, Cu, Fe, P, Zn, and sucrose contents) of garlic in combination with logistic regression analysis can be helpful for scientists working on food forensics. This discrimination technique can help to maintain the quality of garlic and prevent economic fraud by confirming the authenticity of garlic from South Korea.
Integrated Use of Conventional Chest Radiography Cannot Rule Out Acute Aortic Syndromes in Emergency Department Patients at Low Clinical Probability
Authors: Nazerian Peiman , Pivetta Emanuele , Veglia Simona , Cavigli Edoardo , Mueller Christian , de Matos Soeiro Alexandre , Leidel Bernd A. , Lupia Enrico , Rutigliano Claudia , Wussler Desiree , Grifoni Stefano , Morello Fulvio ,   on behalf of the ADvISED Investigators
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesGuidelines recommend chest radiography (CR) in the workup of suspected acute aortic syndromes (AASs) if the pretest clinical probability is low. However, the diagnostic impact of CR integration for the rule‐in and rule‐out of AASs is unknown.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of the ADvISED multicenter study. Emergency department outpatients were eligible if an AAS was clinically suspected. Clinical probability was defined with the aortic dissection detection risk score (ADD‐RS). CR was evaluated blindly by a radiologist, who judged on mediastinum enlargement (ME) and other signs.ResultsIn 2014 through 2016, a total of 1,129 patients were enrolled and 1,030 were analyzed, including 48 (4.7%) with AASs. ADD‐RS/ME and ADD‐RS/any CR sign (aCRs) integration were more accurate than ADD‐RS alone (area under the curve = 0.8 and 0.78 vs. 0.66, p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the integrated strategies were 66.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 51.5% to 79.9%) and 82.5% (95% CI = 79.9% to 84.8%) for ADD‐RS/ME and 68.8% (95% CI = 53.6% to 80.9%) and 76.5% (95% CI = 73.7% to 79.1%) for ADD‐RS/aCRs, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of CR per se were 54.2% (95% CI = 39.2% to 68.6%) and 92.4% (95% CI = 90.5% to 93.9%) for ME and 60.4% (95% CI = 45.3% to 74.2%) and 85.2% (95% CI = 82.9% to 87.4%) for aCRs. The agreement (κ) between attending physicians and radiologists for ME was 0.44 (95% CI = 0.35 to 0.54). ADD‐RS/ME rule‐in (ADD‐RS ≤ 1 and ME‐present, or ADD‐RS > 1) applied to 204 versus 130 patients with ADD‐RS > 1, including 14 with AAS and 60 false‐positives (FP). ADD‐RS/aCRs rule‐in (ADD‐RS ≤ 1 and aCRs‐present, or ADD‐RS > 1) applied to 264 patients, including 15 with AAS and 119 FP. ADD‐RS/ME rule‐out (ADD‐RS ≤ 1 and ME‐absent) applied to 826 (80.2%) patients, including 16 with AAS (33.3% of cases). ADD‐RS/aCRs rule‐out (ADD‐RS ≤ 1 and aCRs‐absent) applied to 766 patients (74.4%), including 15 with AAS (31.3% of cases).ConclusionsCR integration with clinical probability assessment showed modest rule‐in efficiency and insufficient sensitivity for conclusive rule‐out.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical predictors of lithium response in bipolar disorder
Authors: Hui T. P. , Kandola A. , Shen L. , Lewis G. , Osborn D. P. J. , Geddes J. R. , Hayes J. F. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo determine clinical predictors of lithium response in bipolar disorder.MethodsSystematic review of studies examining clinical predictors of lithium response was conducted. Meta‐analyses were performed when ≥2 studies examined the same potential predictor.ResultsA total of 71 studies, including over 12 000 patients, identified six predictors of good response: mania‐depression‐interval sequence [odds ratio (OR): 4.27; 95% CI: 2.61, 6.97; P < 0.001], absence of rapid cycling (OR for rapid cycling: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.53; P < 0.001), absence of psychotic symptoms (OR for psychotic symptoms: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.79; P = 0.002), family history of bipolar disorder (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.52; P = 0.036), shorter prelithium illness duration [standardised mean difference (SMD): −0.26; 95% CI: −0.41, −0.12; P < 0.001] and later age of onset (SMD: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.36; P = 0.029). Additionally, higher body mass index was associated with poor response in two studies (SMD: −0.61; 95% CI: −0.90, −0.32; P < 0.001). There was weak evidence for number of episodes prior to lithium treatment (SMD: −0.42; 95% CI: −0.84, −0.01; P = 0.046), number of hospitalisations before lithium (SMD: −0.40; 95% CI: −0.81, 0.01; P = 0.055) and family history of lithium response (OR: 10.28; 95% CI: 0.66, 161.26; P = 0.097).ConclusionsThe relative importance of these clinical characteristics should be interpreted with caution because of potential biases and confounding.
Adverse events reported for Mirena levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device in France and impact of media coverage
Authors: Langlade Claire , Gouverneur Amandine , Bosco‐Lévy Pauline , Gouraud Aurore , Pérault‐Pochat Marie‐Christine , Béné Johana , Miremont‐Salamé Ghada , Pariente Antoine ,   for the French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centres
Published: June 2019

AimsIn 2017, concerns regarding adverse events (AEs) associated with the Mirena levonorgestrel intrauterine device were largely echoed in the media in France. This resulted in a tremendous reporting of AEs to pharmacovigilance centres. The aim of this study was to describe the reporting of AEs regarding Mirena in France and to study the impact of media coverage on this reporting.MethodsAll cases reports involving Mirena recorded in the French national pharmacovigilance database from marketing (21 July 1995) until 04 August 2017 were extracted. To allow studying the influence of mediatisation, reports were described separately for the periods preceding and following the observed media coverage peak (15 May 2017).ResultsOverall, 3224 reports were considered, 510 (15.8%) recorded before the media coverage peak, and 2714 (84.2%) after. Before the peak, 76.5% of reports originated from health professionals; median time‐to‐report was of 5.5 months (interquartile range: 1.7–18.6), and median number of AEs per report was 1 (range: 1–17). After the peak, 98.6% originated from patients; median time‐to‐report was 21 months (interquartile range: 8.1–45.5), and median number of AEs per report was 6 (range: 1–37). After the peak, most reports mentioned anxio‐depressive disorders (38.8 vs 10.6% before) or sexual disorders (47.3 vs 6.9%). Other emphasised AEs were weight increase (42.3 vs 10.2%) and pain (gastrointestinal, 19.1 vs 3.5%; musculoskeletal, 22.2 vs 4.5%).ConclusionThis study highlighted the importance of mediatisation impact on spontaneous reporting with changes concerning amounts of reports, type of reporter, and type of reported AEs. For Mirena, this led to generate signals regarding anxio‐depressive and sexual disorders.
Appropriateness of prescription of oral anticoagulant therapy in acutely hospitalized older people with atrial fibrillation. Secondary analysis of the SIM‐AF cluster randomized clinical trial
Authors: Antoniazzi Stefania , Ardoino Ilaria , Proietti Marco , Monzani Valter , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio , Nobili Alessandro , Franchi Carlotta ,   on behalf of SIM‐AF Collaborators
Published: June 2019

AimsTo assess the appropriateness of oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescription and its associated factors in acutely hospitalized elderly patients.MethodsData were obtained from the prospective phase of SIM‐AF (SIMulation‐based technologies to improve the appropriate use of oral anticoagulants in hospitalized elderly patients with Atrial Fibrillation) randomized controlled trial, aimed to test whether an educational intervention improved OAC prescription, compared to current clinical practice, in internal medicine wards. In this secondary analysis, appropriateness of OAC prescription was assessed at hospital admission and discharge.ResultsFor 246 patients, no significant differences were found between arms (odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–2.28) in terms of appropriateness of OAC prescription. Globally, 92 patients (37.4%, 95% CI = 31.6–43.6%) were inappropriately prescribed or not prescribed at hospital discharge. Among 51 patients inappropriately prescribed, 82% showed errors on dosage, being mainly under‐dosed (n = 29, 56.9%), and among 41 inappropriately not prescribed, 98% were taking an antiplatelet drug. Factors independently associated with a lower probability of appropriateness at discharge were those related to a higher risk of bleeding (older age, higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase, history of falls, alcohol consumption) and antiplatelet prescription at admission. The prescription of OACs at admission was the strongest predictor of appropriateness at discharge (odds ratio = 7.43, 95% CI = 4.04–13.73).ConclusionsA high proportion of hospitalized older patients with AF remains inappropriately prescribed or nonprescribed with OACs. The management of these patients at hospital admission is the strongest predictor of prescription appropriateness at discharge.
Current status of artificial intelligence applications in urology and their potential to influence clinical practice
Authors: Chen Jian , Remulla Daphne , Nguyen Jessica H. , Dua Aastha , Liu Yan , Dasgupta Prokar , Hung Andrew J. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosis, treatment and outcome predictionin urologic diseases and evaluate its advantages over traditional models and methods.Materials and methodsA literature search was performed after PROSPERO registration (CRD42018103701) and in compliance with Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methods. Articles between 1994 and 2018 using the search terms “urology”, “artificial intelligence”, “machine learning” were included and categorized by the application of AI in urology. Review articles, editorial comments, articles with no full‐text access, and nonurologic studies were excluded. ResultsInitial search yielded 231 articles, but after excluding duplicates and following full‐text review and examination of article references, only 111 articles were included in the final analysis. AI applications in urology include: utilizing radiomic imaging or ultrasonic echo data to improve or automate cancer detection or outcome prediction, utilizing digitized tissue specimen images to automate detection of cancer on pathology slides, and combining patient clinical data, biomarkers, or gene expression to assist disease diagnosis or outcome prediction. Some studies employed AI to plan brachytherapy and radiation treatments while others used video based or robotic automated performance metrics to objectively evaluate surgical skill. Compared to conventional statistical analysis, 71.8% of studies concluded that AI is superior in diagnosis and outcome prediction.ConclusionAI has been widely adopted in urology. Compared to conventional statistics AI approaches are more accurate in prediction and more explorative for analyzing large data cohorts. With an increasing library of patient data accessible to clinicians, AI may help facilitate evidence‐based and individualized patient care.
Peri‐implant alveolar bone resorption in an innovative peri‐implantitis murine model: Effect of implant surface and onset of infection
Authors: Varon‐Shahar Einat , Shusterman Ariel , Piattelli Adriano , Iezzi Giovanna , Weiss Ervin I. , Houri‐Haddad Yael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare the difference in alveolar bone resorption around implants after immediate placement in a bacterial induced experimental periimplantitis murine model. The various conditions that were examined were: Effect of implant surface characteristics and the onset of the induced infection.Materials and MethodsScrew‐shaped titanium implants, smooth‐surface or sand‐blasted large‐grit acid‐etched (SLA) coated, were inserted immediately after extraction of the first upper left molar, in 90 5‐6‐week‐old BALB/c mice. The mice were infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum 21 (early infection) or 42 days (delayed infection) after implantation. Six weeks post infection, bone volume around inserted implants was measured using micro‐CT, and was compared to alveolar bone level around teeth. Histological analysis was also performed.ResultsThe level of bone loss was significantly higher around the implants compared to the teeth, for smooth surface implants the bone loss was higher than of the SLA surface in both control and infected groups with no statistical significance. The survival rate of the implants in immediate infection was 75% compared of the 100% survival of the delayed infection and control mice. There is no significant difference between the early and the delayed infection in alveolar bone loss level around the implants.ConclusionsThis model can assist in studying the differences in alveolar bone resorption in different implants and their effect on the development of the disease.
Incisional hernia and enterocutaneous fistula in patients with chronic intestinal failure: prevalence and risk factors in a cohort of patients referred to a tertiary centre
Authors: Hodgkinson J. D. , Oke S. M. , Warusavitarne J. , Hanna G. B. , Gabe S. M. , Vaizey C. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThis study aims to determine the prevalence of incisional hernia (IH) and enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) in patients with intestinal failure (IF) referred to a tertiary centre and to identify factors associated with their development.MethodA retrospective case note review was undertaken of a prospectively maintained database of all patients on home parenteral nutrition between 2011 and 2016 at a UK tertiary referral centre for IF. Risk factors were identified using binary logistic regression.ResultsThe database search identified 447 patients, of whom 349 (78.1%) had surgery prior to developing IF. Eighty‐one (23.2%) patients had an IH and 123 (35.2%) had an ECF at the time of referral. Of these, 51 (14.6%) had both IH and ECF. IH was associated with a high body mass index (P = 0.05), a history of a major surgical complication resulting in IF (P = 0.01), previous emergency surgery (P = 0.04), increasing number of operations (P = 0.02) and surgical site infection (SSI; P = 0.01). ECF was associated with complications relating to earlier surgery. (P ≤ .001), previous treatment with an open abdomen (P = 0.03), SSI (P = 0.001), intra‐abdominal collection (P ≤ 0.001) and anastomotic leak (P = 0.02).ConclusionIn this series, patients with IF had a prevalence of IH which was more than double that expected following elective laparotomy (about 10%) and one in three had an ECF. Risk factors for IH and ECF are discussed.
The prevalence, characteristics and effectiveness of Aichi Target 11′s “other effective area‐based conservation measures” (OECMs) in Key Biodiversity Areas
Authors: Donald Paul F. , Buchanan Graeme M. , Balmford Andrew , Bingham Heather , Couturier Andrew R. , de la Rosa Gregorio E. , Gacheru Paul , Herzog Sebastian K. , Jathar Girish , Kingston Naomi , Marnewick Daniel , Maurer Golo , Reaney Leeann , Shmygaleva Tatyana , Sklyarenko Sergey , Stevens Candice M.D. , Butchart Stuart H.M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAichi Target 11 of the CBD Strategic Plan for Biodiversity commits countries to the effective conservation of areas of importance for biodiversity, through protected areas and “other effective area‐based conservation measures” (OECMs). However, the prevalence and characteristics of OECMs are poorly known, particularly in sites of importance for biodiversity. We assess the prevalence of potential OECMs in 740 terrestrial Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) outside known or mapped protected areas across ten countries. A majority of unprotected KBAs (76.5%) were at least partly covered by one or more potential OECMs. The conservation of ecosystem services or biodiversity was a stated management aim in 73% of these OECMs. Local or central government bodies managed the highest number of potential OECMs, followed by local and indigenous communities and private landowners. There was no difference between unprotected KBAs with or without OECMs in forest loss or in a number of state‐pressure‐response metrics.
Non‐cellular elements in a bronchoalveolar lavage cytology from an immuno‐depressed patient
Authors: Martínez‐Girón Rafael , Martínez‐Torre Cristina 
Published: June 2019

A 53‐year‐old immunodepressed patient, who is being treated for acute leukaemia diagnosed 8 months ago, presented to the hospital with chest pain, non‐productive coughing and mild dyspnoea. The radiographic image showed some areas of bilateral infiltrates and small consolidations. Following suspicion of a pulmonary infection in an immunodepressed patient, a BAL was performed.
Deroofing followed by thorough sinus tract excision: a modified surgical approach for hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Dahmen Robert Artur , Gkalpakiotis Spyridon , Mardesicova Libuse , Arenberger Petr , Arenbergerova Monika 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackground and objectivesDeroofing has proven to be an effective method to treat mild to moderate forms of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). The basic procedure includes removal of the sinus roof, followed by secondary intention healing, while fibrotic tissue usually stays in situ. We have tried to establish a modified method of deroofing in which meticulous removal of the fibrotic tissue results in a low recurrence rate in moderate to severe HS patients.Patients and methodsAn open prospective study consisted of 96 deroofed lesions in 52 consecutive patients with moderate to severe HS. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 28 months.ResultsRecurrence occurred after a median time of 2.3 months in 14 % of locations. Recurrences according to location were as follows: 6 % in the axillary region and 25 % in the inguinal region. Postoperative bleeding was the only considerable complication and occurred in 7 % of treated locations. Seven patients were lost to follow‐up.ConclusionModified deroofing followed by meticulous sinus tract removal is a surgical approach suitable for patients with moderate disease, especially in the axillary region. This results in a low recurrence rate and the same healing period as that of the standard deroofing procedure.