bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Mechanical Advantage Allometry of Felid Elbow and Knee Extensors
Authors: Harper Christine M. , Sylvester Adam D. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTLarger terrestrial mammals have generally been found to use more extended limb postures, a mechanism which maintains muscular requirements at larger sizes by improving the effective mechanical advantage (EMA) of limb musculature. Felids, however, have been documented to maintain joint angles across body sizes. If felid morphology scales isometrically, it would mean larger felids have relatively weaker muscles, compromising locomotor activities. Here, we examine the allometric relationships between the EMA of the elbow and knee extensors and body mass, finding that the EMA of the triceps brachii and quadriceps muscles scale with positive allometry. When species‐specific joint angles were used rather than felid‐average joint angles, EMA scales to body mass with more positive allometry. When the scaling of the muscle and ground reaction force (GRF) lever arms were investigated individually the allometric signal was lost; however, the muscle lever arms generally have allometric slope coefficients that are consistent with positive allometry, while the GRF lever arms demonstrate negative allometric slope coefficients. This suggests there are subtle alterations to limb morphology allowing different felid species to achieve an increased EMA via distinctive mechanisms. The quadriceps EMA was found to scale with sufficient positive allometry to compensate for increases in size without alteration in muscular anatomy; however, this is not the case for the triceps brachii EMA. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:775–784, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Analysis of Extraocular Muscle Forces in the Piked Dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
Authors: Gurley Matthew , Motta Philip 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTVertebrates utilize six extraocular muscles that attach to a tough, protective sclera to rotate the eye. The goal of the study was to describe the maximum tetanic forces, as well as the torques produced by the six extraocular muscles of the piked dogfish Squalus acanthias to understand the forces exerted on the eye. The lateral rectus extraocular muscle of Squalus acanthias was determined to be parallel fibered with the muscle fibers bundled into discrete fascicles. The extraocular muscles attach to the sclera by muscular insertions. The total tensile forces generated by the extraocular muscles ranged from 1.18 N to 2.21 N. The torques of the extraocular muscles ranged from 0.39 N to 2.34 N. The torques were greatest in the principal direction of movement for each specific muscle. The lateral rectus produced the greatest total tensile force, as well as the greatest torque force component, while the medial rectus produced the second greatest. This is likely due to the constant rotational movement of the eye anteriorly and posteriorly to stabilize the visual image, as well as increase the effective visual field during swimming. Rotational forces in dimensions other than the primary direction of movement may contribute to motion in directions other than the principal direction during multi‐muscle contraction that occurs in the vertebrate eye. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:837–844, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supramolecular Assembly of C3‐Peptides into Helical Fibers Stabilized through Dynamic Covalent Chemistry
Authors: Wang Jun , Chen Luqing , Wu Jindiao , Li Wen , Liu Kun , Masuda Toshio , Zhang Afang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe supramolecular assembly of C3‐peptides carrying glycine–cysteine (Gly–Cys) dipeptide pendants into helical fibers is described. A Gly–Cys dipeptide sequence was selected to ensure the chirality, and at the same time, to provide a chance to crosslink the structure through oxidation of the thiol into dynamic covalent disulfide, and transfer supramolecular helical fibers into covalent ones. Supramolecular assembly in aprotic solvents affords long helical fibers with left‐handedness, which can be stabilized through formation of disulfide. Transformation of supramolecular helical fibers into covalent ones was examined by NMR and FTIR spectroscopies as well as atom force microscopy.
Synthesis and Microtubule‐Destabilizing Activity of N‐Cyclopropyl‐4‐((3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐1(2H)‐yl)sulfonyl)benzamide and its Analogs
Authors: Field Jessica J. , Singh A. Jonathan , Sinha Saptarshi , Rowe Matthew R. , Denny William A. , Brooke Darby G. , Miller John H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhile clinically useful, microtubule‐targeting agents are limited by factors that include their susceptibility to multidrug resistance. A series of aryl sulfonamides, terminally substituted with an amide or carboxylic acid, was synthesized and assayed for biological activity in two human cancer cell lines. The resulting antiproliferative activity data demonstrated that an amide was superior to a carboxylic acid in the para position. The most potent compound (3) had an IC50 for growth inhibition in the low micromolar range, caused cells to accumulate in G2M of the cell cycle, and led to depolymerization of microtubules. It was also not susceptible to the P‐glycoprotein drug efflux pump that underpins the resistance of cells to long‐term drug treatment schedules.
Ultrafast Removal of Cadmium(II) by Green Cyclodextrin Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Based Nanoporous Carbon: Adsorption Mechanism and Application
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Peng , Liu Xueke , Yi Xiaotong , Liu Donghui , Zhou Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWater contaminated with heavy metals has been identified as a significant threat to human health. Therefore, the development of safe and rapid water‐treatment techniques is necessary. We have synthesized an eco‐friendly γ‐cyclodextrin metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based nanoporous carbon (γ‐CD MOF‐NPC) material, conducted a comprehensive characterization of it, and found its rapid and effective CdII‐removal capacity. The γ‐CD MOF‐NPC could effectively sequester a majority of cadmium ions within one minute, and it still demonstrated excellent adsorption ability under various conditions, including different pH, adsorbent dosage, and coexistent ions. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 140.85 mg g−1 by means of the Langmuir model. The adsorption was primarily due to the effect of ion exchange of oxygen‐containing functional groups, as determined by studying the ζ potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Flow‐through experiments further proved the rapid CdII‐removal capacity and potential of the practical application of γ‐CD MOF‐NPC in water treatment according to the cytotoxic data.
Cysteine synthase A overexpression in Corynebacterium glutamicum enhances l‐isoleucine production
Authors: Ma Wenjian , Wang Jianli , Li Ye , Wang Xiaoyuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCysteine synthase A (CysK) catalyzes the last reaction of l‐cysteine synthesis in bacteria, but its moonlighting functions have been revealed recently. In this study, CysK was overexpressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum IWJ001, an l‐isoleucine producer. Compared with the control IWJ001/pDXW‐8, IWJ001/pDXW‐8‐cysK cells grew fast during log phase, and produced 26.5% more l‐isoleucine in flask fermentation and 23.5% more l‐isoleucine in fed‐batch fermentation. The key genes aspC, lysC, hom, thrB, ilvA, and ilvBN involved in l‐isoleucine biosynthesis were all upregulated in IWJ001/pDXW‐8‐cysK, compared with IWJ001/pDXW‐8. In addition, IWJ001/pDXW‐8‐cysK cells were longer and thicker than IWJ001/pDXW‐8 cells. Compared with IWJ001/pDXW‐8, the membrane permeability increased 15.8% and biofilm formation ability decreased 71.3% for IWJ001/pDXW‐8‐cysK cells. The results demonstrate that CysK overexpression in C. glutamicum is a good approach to enhance l‐isoleucine production.
Sestrin 2 confers primary resistance to sorafenib by simultaneously activating AKT and AMPK in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Dai Jimin , Huang Qichao , Niu Kunwei , Wang Bo , Li Yijie , Dai Chen , Chen Zhinan , Tao Kaishan , Dai Jingyao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the malignancy derived from normal hepatocytes with increasing incidence and extremely poor prognosis worldwide. The only approved first‐line systematic treatment agent for HCC, sorafenib, is capable to effectively improve advanced HCC patients’ survival. However, it is gradually recognized that the therapeutic response to sorafenib could be drastically diminished after short‐term treatment, defined as primary resistance. The present study is aimed to explore the role of stress‐inducible protein Sestrin2 (SESN2), one of the most important sestrins family members, in sorafenib primary resistance. Herein, we initially found that SESN2 expression was significantly up‐regulated in both HCC cell lines and tissues compared to normal human hepatocytes and corresponding adjacent liver tissues, respectively. In addition, SESN2 expression was highly correlated with sorafenib IC50 of HCC cell lines. Thereafter, we showed that sorafenib treatment resulted in an increase of SESN2 expression and the knockdown of SESN2 exacerbated sorafenib‐induced proliferation inhibition and cell apoptosis. Further mechanistic study uncovered that SESN2 deficiency impaired both AKT and AMPK phosphorylation and activation after sorafenib treatment. Moreover, the correlations between SESN2 expression and both phosphor‐AKT and phosphor‐AMPK expression were illustrated in HCC tissues. Taken together, our study demonstrates that SESN2 activates AKT and AMPK signaling as a novel mechanism to induce sorafenib primary resistance in HCC.
Clinical implication of subcategorizing T2 category into T2a and T2b in TNM staging of breast cancer
Authors: Jung Jiwoong , Suh Young Jin , Ko Byung Kyun , Lee Eun Sook , Kim Eun‐Kyu , Paik Nam Sun , Byun Kyung Do , Hwang Ki‐Tae 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRegarding TNM staging in breast cancer, T2 category is currently not divided into subcategories even though it covers a wider range of tumor sizes than T1 category. Using Korean Breast Cancer Registry database, data of 41 071 women diagnosed as non‐metastatic T2 breast cancer between 2001 and 2014 were analyzed. Cutoff value for optimal tumor size was approximated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to subcategorize T2 tumors. Overall survival (OS) was compared between two subcategories. Median follow‐up period was 65 months. Of 41 071 patients, 4504 (11.0%) died. Based on ROC curve analysis, 3.0 cm was selected as the cutoff value. Five‐year OS rate was 91% in patients with breast tumors ≤3.0 cm (T2a) and 86% in patients with breast tumors >3.0 cm (T2b) (log‐rank P < 0.001). T2b subcategory showed worse OS than T2a subcategory regardless of node status (log‐rank P < 0.001 for all node categories). Within every subgroup defined by primary OS analysis covariates, T2b subcategory consistently showed worse outcome compared to T2a subcategory. By multivariate analysis, T2b subcategory was a significant independent prognostic factor of OS (hazard ratio: 1.26, 95% CI = 1.18‐1.34). T2 category of breast cancer could be subcategorized into T2a and T2b with a cutoff value of 3 cm. These subcategories definitely showed different OSs even after adjusted for known prognostic factors. Subcategorization of T2 category might be useful for predicting prognosis more accurately and tailoring adjuvant therapy.
A New Photocaged Puromycin for an Efficient Labeling of Newly Translated Proteins in Living Neurons
Authors: Elamri Isam , Heumüller Maximilian , Herzig Lisa‐M. , Stirnal Elke , Wachtveitl Josef , Schuman Erin M. , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMonitoring newly synthesized proteins is becoming increasingly important to characterize proteome composition in regulatory networks. Puromycin is a peptidyl transfer inhibitor, widely used in cell biology for tagging newly synthesized proteins. Here, we report synthesis and application of an optimized puromycin carrying a photolabile protecting group as a powerful tool for tagging nascent proteins with high spatiotemporal resolution. The photocaged 7‐N,N‐(diethylaminocumarin‐4‐yl)‐methoxycarbonyl‐puromycin (DEACM‐puromycin) was synthesized and compared with the previously developed 6‐nitroveratryloxycarbonyl puromycin (NVOC‐puromycin). The photochemical behavior as well as the effectiveness in controlling puromycylation in living hippocampal neurons using two‐photon excitation is superior to the previously used NVOCpuromycin. We further report on the application of light‐controlled puromycylation to visualize new translated proteins in neurons.
Synthesis of Macrocycles Derived from Substituted Triazines
Authors: Yepremyan Akop , Mehmood Arshad , Asgari Parham , Janesko Benjamin G. , Simanek Eric E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA triazine ring derivatized with morpholine, an N‐alkyl‐N′‐BOC‐hydrazine (alkyl=isopropyl or benzyl) and the diethylacetal of glycinylpropionaldehyde undergoes spontaneous dimerization in good yields upon acid‐catalyzed deprotection. The resulting 24‐member macrocycles can be characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the solid state, both homodimers adopt a taco‐like conformation. Although each shows π–π stacking between the triazine rings, different patterns of hydrogen bonds emerge. The crystal structure of the isopropyl dimer shows that it includes two molecules of trifluoracetic acid per macrocycle. The trifluoroacetate anion charge balances the protonated triazines, which engage in bifurcated hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl acceptor of the distant glycine. This carbonyl also forms a hydrogen bond with the NH of the proximate glycine. The crystal structure of the benzyl derivative does not include trifluoracetic acid. Instead, two hydrogen bonds form, each between a glycine NH and the lone pair of the C=N nitrogen of the hydrazine group. In the solid state, both molecules present the alkyl side chains and morpholine groups in close proximity. A heterodimer is accessible in approximately statistical yields—along with both homodimers—by mixing the two protected monomers prior to subjecting them to deprotection.
Incidence, predictors, management and outcomes of coronary perforations
Authors: Shaukat Arslan , Tajti Peter , Sandoval Yader , Stanberry Larissa , Garberich Ross , Nicholas Burke M. , Gössl Mario , Henry Timothy , Mooney Michael , Sorajja Paul , Traverse Jay , Bradley Steven M. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe examined the contemporary incidence, types, predictors, angiographic characteristics, management and outcomes of coronary perforation.BackgroundCoronary perforation is a rare, but important, complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There is lack of data on perforations stratified as large and distal vessel perforations.MethodsRetrospective, observational cohort study of all patients who underwent PCI at a high volume, tertiary hospital between the years 2009 and 2016. Angiograms of all coronary perforation cases were reviewed to determine the mechanism, type, and management of perforation. Risk‐adjusted periprocedural complication rates were compared between patients with and without coronary perforation. One‐year mortality outcomes of patients with large vessel vs. distal vessel perforation were also examined.ResultsCoronary perforation occurred in 68 of 13,339 PCIs (0.51%) performed during the study period: 51 (75%) were large vessel perforations and 17 (25%) distal vessel perforations. Most (67%) large vessel perforations were due to balloon/stent inflation, whereas most (94%) distal vessel perforations were due to guidewire exit. Patients with coronary perforations had significantly higher risk for periprocedural complications (adjusted odds ratio 7.57; 95% CI: 4.22–13.50; P < 0.001). Only one patient with large vessel perforation required emergency cardiac surgery, yet in‐hospital mortality was high with both large vessel (7.8%) and distal vessel (11.8%) perforations.ConclusionsCoronary perforation is an infrequent, but potentially severe PCI complication. Most coronary perforations are large vessel perforations. Although coronary perforations rarely lead to emergency cardiac surgery, both distal vessel and large vessel perforations are associated with high in‐hospital mortality, highlighting the importance of prevention.
“Expanding the frame” for valve‐in‐valve therapy in small bioprostheses: Encouraging signs for the road ahead
Authors: Chatterjee Arka , Hillegass William B. 
Published: October 2018

Key Points

Valve in valve TAVI with valve fracture in 19 mm bioprosthetic valves is clinically effective.
Careful multidisciplinary personalized evaluation for each patient is needed to prevent coronary occlusion.
Longer term data for a larger number of patients are needed, from the transcatheter valve therapy (TVT) registry.
Antegrade fenestration and re‐entry: The legacy continues
Authors: Jaber Wissam A. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: October 2018

Key Points

Subintimal guidewire entry during antegrade wiring attempts can be approached with various techniques, such as: (a) withdraw and redirect the guidewire; (b) parallel wire technique; (c) re‐entry using the Stingray system or guidewires; or (d) using the retrograde approach
Antegrade fenestration and re‐entry is a creative novel technique for antegrade re‐entry that uses balloon angioplasty at the distal cap to create fenestrations between the false lumen and the distal true lumen, followed by advancement of a soft‐polymer jacketed guidewire through the fenestrations to achieve distal true lumen re‐entry
Antegrade fenestration and re‐entry is an intuitive, simple, and low‐cost technique, but balloon inflation may cause subintimal hematoma that could hinder re‐entry. Additional study is needed to refine how antegrade fenestration and re‐entry should optimally be performed and to better understand its strengths and shortcomings
How to manage chronic total occlusions in the setting of acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock?
Authors: Claessen Bimmer E. , Mehran Roxana 
Published: October 2018

Key Points
An observational study of 313 patients with multivessel disease and ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock showed that the presence of a chronic total occlusion (CTO) in a noninfarct‐related artery is an independent predictor of short‐ and long‐term mortality.
This study confirms previous reports on the detrimental prognostic impact of a CTO in the setting of acute myocardial infarction with or without cardiogenic shock.
Data from recent randomized trials (CULPRIT‐SHOCK and EXPLORE) suggest no benefit of early CTO revascularization; further studies are needed to investigate early treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in this extremely high‐risk subgroup.
Periprocedural myocardial infarction in chronic total occlusion: The challenge of precise diagnosis and prognostication
Authors: Kornowski Ran , Levi Amos 
Published: October 2018

Key Points

Myonecrosis following PCI is a frequent impediment that may impact cardiac prognosis.
The frequency of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) in CTO‐PCI is dependent on MI definition (biomarker and threshold), lesions characteristics, and PCI course.
This study identified predictors of PMI during CTO‐PCI and it showed that PMI and peak CK‐MB level were associated with worse clinical outcomes.
Actinic comedonal plaque in skin of color: A case report
Authors: Nyika Dennias Tonderai , Ngwanya Reginald Mzudumile 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageActinic comedonal plaque is a variant of Favre‐Racouchot syndrome which is a complication of solar degeneration of the skin. It is common in skin types 1‐4 and unknown to rare in skin of color. This case report should create an awareness of this disease so not to be missed.
Extending the critical regions for mutations in the non‐coding gene RNU4ATAC in another patient with Roifman Syndrome
Authors: Hallermayr Ariane , Graf Janine , Koehler Udo , Laner Andreas , Schönfeld Brigitte , Benet‐Pagès Anna , Holinski‐Feder Elke 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageCompound heterozygosity of a previously described pathogenic variant and a second novel nucleotide substitution (NR_023343.1:n.116A>C) affecting a highly conserved nucleotide in the noncoding RNU4ATAC gene could be identified in a patient with overlapping features of Roifman Syndrome. These data extend the spectrum of pathogenic variants in RNU4ATAC.
Sacral insufficiency fracture after stereotactic body radiation therapy for sacral metastasis
Authors: Kawamoto Terufumi , Ito Kei , Furuya Tomohisa , Sasai Keisuke , Karasawa Katsuyuki 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) allows the targeting of high doses of radiation with steep dose gradients. Vertebral fracture is increasingly recognized as an adverse event after SBRT; however, no sacral fractures have been observed after SBRT. We report an extremely rare case of sacral insufficiency fracture after SBRT.
Stability of Metallic Current Collectors in Acidic Ionic Liquid for Rechargeable Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Oh Youngho , Lee Gibaek , Tak Yongsug 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Gibaek Lee (Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea) and Prof. Yongsug Tak (Inha University, Republic of Korea). The cover picture shows the concept of finding the last piece to complete rechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries as one of the advanced energy storage systems. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/celc.201800892.
Molecular Functionalization of Two‐Dimensional MoS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Stergiou Anastasios , Tagmatarchis Nikos 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets have attracted great scientific interest for their remarkable electronic and optical properties. During the last few years significant progress on exfoliation methods of such nanosheets allowed the development of surface functionalization in covalent or noncovalent fashion. Markedly, the chemical modification allows tailoring and tuning the optical and electronic characteristics of MoS2, opening new avenues for the potentiality of MoS2‐based hybrids in diverse technological fields. Physisorption of organic molecules onto MoS2 through the development of numerous van der Waals interactions is the most widely approach employed for the surface noncovalent immobilization of organic species onto MoS2 nanosheets. Conversely, developed strategies for the edge and in‐plane covalent functionalization of MoS2 mainly concern chemistry at S vacancies, direct C−S bond formation, and coordination of S edges at metal centers. Herein, we focus into the most representative molecular doping strategies and material designing of MoS2‐based hybrid nanostructures carrying photo‐ and/or electro‐active components. Key points related with the exfoliation routes, the surface functionalization approaches and their impact on the electronic properties of the functionalized nanosheets are comprehensively discussed, offering a toolbox for scientists of different disciplines interested in putting a step forward in the field of transition‐metal dichalcogenide‐based materials.