bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Phytochemicals and Gene Expression in Soybean (Glycine max) Under Acute Moderated and Severe Elevated Ozone: Unravelling the Role of Antioxidant Defence
Authors: Wang Cong , Guo Long , Li Jinmeng , Gao Shanshan , Kong Juanjuan , Xu Sheng , Ruan Yanan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe increasing concentrations of ground‐level ozone (O3) resulting from industrialisation and anthropogenic activities present a substantial environmental threat to agricultural productivity, particularly affecting O3‐sensitive crops such as soybeans. The effects of acute O3 exposure on soybean yield attributes and seed quality and whether soybean showed different detoxification mechanisms in response to moderate and severe O3 stress are not extensively explored. In this study, soybean seedlings were exposed to moderate (80 nmol mol−1) and acute severe (200 nmol mol−1) O3 stress, and then growth parameters, yield attributes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant properties and associated gene expression in the leaves were assessed. The results revealed that moderate O3 exposure enhanced growth parameters but reduced the 100‐grain weight, while acute severe exposure sharply depressed growth parameters, yield attributes and the 100‐grain weight. Moderate O3 fumigation significantly increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and catalase (CAT) activity from 4 to 32 h. Acute severe O3 stress induced the overproduction of superoxide anions (O2.−) and H2O2 during nearly the whole experiment period, but only enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at 32 h, and showed no stimulatory effects on CAT activity. Additionally, the relative expression levels of the SOD and CAT gene family in soybean leaves exposed to elevated O3 were upregulated, peaking at 8 h. Moderate O3 treatment enhanced reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA) levels and increased the activities of AsA–GSH cycle‐related enzymes. In contrast, acute severe O3 exposure inhibited GSH and AsA contents and markedly suppressed AsA–GSH cycle‐related enzymes, particularly from 8 to 32 h. Redundancy analysis indicated that CAT and AsA play crucial roles in scavenging O3‐induced ROS under moderate stress, while ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and GSH were more effective under acute severe stress conditions. These findings provide insights into the differential impacts of acute O3 stress on soybeans, emphasising the importance of considering both crop yield and grain quality in assessing O3 risks to crops.
Climate and Land‐Use Change Leading to Niche Expansion and Shifts in Birds
Authors: Avidad Pablo M. , Clavero Miguel , Viana Duarte S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe realised niches of species change following environmental and distributional shifts. Still, the magnitude of niche change and its consequences are determined by how different species cope with environmental changes, which ultimately depends on their ecology and traits. We assessed how environmental and distributional shifts have led to changes in the realised breeding niches of 121 species of North American birds over the last four decades and how the magnitude of niche change was associated with species traits.LocationNorth America.TaxonBirds.MethodsWe calculated geographic and niche overlap, breadth and shift, and estimated the temporal trends of the different niche metrics from 1980 to 2018 for each species. The slopes of these temporal trends were then modelled as a function of species traits using Bayesian models that accounted for phylogenetic relatedness and the uncertainty of the temporal slopes.ResultsWe found that the niche of 57% of the bird species diverged through time as they experienced widespread environmental change, including changes in both niche breadth and position. Most niches expanded due to increasing environmental variability within their ranges, but habitat specialists showed a tendency for niche contraction. Niche shifts were larger in species that live in habitats with denser vegetation cover. However, species showing larger average geographical shifts were able to track their reference niche more effectively.Main ConclusionsBird species were in general increasingly exposed to higher environmental variation that led to changes in their realised niches over a relatively short time span (four decades), while the niches of many others remained stable. The differences in the magnitude of niche change were to some extent related to species traits, providing clues about how different species respond to widespread environmental change in both geographical and niche space.
Revealing How Human Activity and Native Plants Outshine Climate in Shaping New Invasive Alien Plant Elevational Patterns in Nature Reserves
Authors: Zhao Caiyun , Li Bai 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimWe aim to investigate whether invasive alien plants introduced at different times exhibit variations in elevational distribution patterns and to explore the correlations of these patterns with climate, native plants and human activity.LocationGuangxi, China.MethodsWe recorded plant richness and cover across elevational gradients at 25–34 sites within each reserve, utilising 84–134 roadside plots per site. Using generalised linear mixed model (GLMM), we assessed the impacts of climate, native plants and human activity on the distributions of all, old and new invasive alien plants across the region and within the nature reserves.ResultsAt regional scales, the cover of all, new and old invasive alien plants decreased with increasing elevation, while only the richness of old invasive alien plants exhibited a similar pattern. Contrasting patterns were observed in Dayao Mountain, where the cover of old invasive alien plants decreased while the cover of new invasive alien plants increased. The richness patterns of all and new invasive alien plants were opposite between Dayao Mountain and Yachang Orchid. Moreover, native plant richness was negatively correlated with the richness of invasive alien plants, while interference intensity positively affected new invasive alien plants at both regional and reserve scales. At the regional scale, native plant richness accounted for 78.27%, 91.94% and 60.9% of all, old and new invasive alien plants respectively. Interference intensity accounted for 33.85% of the variation in new invasive alien plants. Annual mean temperature positively influenced the cover of all and old invasive alien plants at both regional and reserve scales, explaining 36.91% and 74.28% of their regional variation. Additionally, interference intensity and distance to human settlements positively impacted the cover of new invasive alien plants, contributing to 50.95% and 31.92% of their variation at regional scales.Main ConclusionThe distinct distribution patterns of old and new invasive alien plants highlight the significance of residence time in understanding their dynamics. Climate factors constrain the cover distribution of all and old invasive alien plants, whereas interference intensity and distance to settlements determine the distribution of new invasive alien plants. Notably, native plants play a vital role in preventing the establishment and spread of invasive alien plants within nature reserves, and their effectiveness increases with longer residence times. Our findings highlight the critical importance of minimising human interference and conserving native species for the effective management of invasive alien plants in nature reserves.
Association Between Nontraditional Lipid Profiles and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Adults With Hypertension: Findings From the China Hypertension Registry Study
Authors: Tao Yu , Wang Tao , Zhou Wei , Zhu Lingjuan , Yu Chao , Li Juxiang , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe relationship between nontraditional lipid profiles and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains ambiguous within the hypertension population. The objective of this study is to examine the association between nontraditional lipid profiles and T2DM in Chinese adults with hypertension. The current investigation encompassed 13 728 participants with hypertension from the China Hypertension Registry Study. Logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting were employed to evaluate the association between nontraditional lipid profiles and T2DM. The prevalence of T2DM was found to be 17.8%. In the fully adjusted model, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) exhibited the highest odds ratios (ORs) for T2DM (OR: 2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.26–3.26). Conversely, the fully adjusted ORs (95% CI) for total cholesterol (TC)/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C)/HDL‐C, and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non‐HDL‐C) were 1.33 (1.25–1.41), 1.40 (1.29–1.51), and 1.41 (1.34–1.49), respectively. Additionally, the study demonstrated that AIP had a superior ability to identify T2DM. Subgroup analyses indicated that the relationship between AIP and Non‐HDL‐C with T2DM was more significant in the lighter weight population. In addition, the association of TC/HDL‐C with LDL‐C/HDL‐C with T2DM was stronger in the lower homocysteine level population. Among the southern Chinese population with hypertension, all nontraditional lipid indices positively correlated with the risk of T2DM. Among these lipid indices, AIP exhibited superior discriminatory power in identifying T2DM compared to TC/HDL‐C, LDL‐C/HDL‐C.Trial Registration: ChiCTR1800017274
Higher Long‐Term Visit‐to‐Visit Blood Pressure Variability Is Associated With Severe Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in the General Population
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Hui Ying , Li Jing , Shi Xian‐Quan , Chen Shuohua , Lv Han , Wu Shouling , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLong‐term visit‐to‐visit blood pressure (BP) variability is linked to various diseases, but its impact on cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) burden, and its features remains uncertain. We analyzed 1284 participants from the Kailuan cohort (2006–2022). Visit‐to‐visit systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) variability were categorized into tertiles (low, middle, high). Magnetic resonance imaging identified white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunae of presumed vascular origin (LA), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and visible perivascular spaces (PVS). Total cSVD burden was classified as none (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3–4) based on the presence of these features. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). High SBP variability was associated with moderate cSVD burden (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.09–3.29) and PVS (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.10–2.39). High DBP variability was associated with LA (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.06–2.84). High PP variability showed a significant risk for severe cSVD burden (OR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.34–4.63). These associations were modified by age and hypertension status. Among young adults (age < 60 years), high PP variability was associated with severe cSVD burden (OR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.31–8.44), LA (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.31–6.93), and PVS (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.20–2.88). The risk effects of SBP and PP variability on cSVD burden were significant only in participants with hypertension. High long‐term visit‐to‐visit BP variability (BPV), particularly in combination with hypertension, is a significant risk factor for total cSVD. Special attention should be given to PP variability in younger adults.
Reflectance confocal microscopy for margin mapping of melanoma of the lentigo maligna type: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mesquita Yasmin , Marques Isabela R. , Pera Calvi Izabela , Cruz Sara A. , Godoi Amanda , Lapenda Izadora L. , de Moraes‐Souza Rafaela , Relvas Jessica H. , Vilbert Maysa , Nehal Kishwer S. , Navarrete‐Dechent Cristian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma of the lentigo maligna (LM) type and its invasive counterpart, lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), occur in chronically sun‐damaged skin and tend to have subclinical extension that makes presurgical margin mapping challenging. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non‐invasive imaging modality that enables in vivo visualization of the skin at the cellular level, allowing for adequate estimation of LM/LMM margins.ObjectivesWe aimed to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating RCM's performance compared with histopathology in margin mapping of LM/LMM.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials.gov for studies published until July 2023, assessing RCM diagnostic accuracy for presurgical LM/LMM margin delineation. Negative predictive value (NPV; number of true negatives confirmed by histopathology out of all negatives found on RCM) was our primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were proportion of agreement between RCM and histopathology, mean number of stages to clear lesion, sensitivity, and specificity.ResultsOf the 955 search results, nine studies (329 participants) were included. Pooled NPV for RCM detection of LM/LMM clear margins was 89.15% (95% CI 80.95–95.46; I2 = 80%). The RCM and histopathology agreement rate was 92.09% (95% CI 84.71–96.07; I2 = 57%). Mean number of stages needed to clear the lesion using RCM was 1.16 (95% CI 1.08–1.23; I2 = 0). Compared with histopathology, RCM sensitivity and specificity were 91.4% (95% CI 82.2–96.1; I2 = 0%) and 95.7% (95% CI 90.7–98; I2 = 68%), respectively.ConclusionsThese results support that RCM has a high concordance rate with the gold standard histopathology for presurgical LM/LMM margin mapping, constituting a valuable tool for its management.
The Punch Graft Technique: A Simplified Protocol for Three‐Dimensional Peri‐Implant Soft and/or Hard Tissue Augmentation in a Single Step
Authors: Pelekanos Stavros , Ioannis Vergoullis , Stankov Ventseslav , De Greef Alexander , Euwe Egon 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis article describes a clinical protocol utilizing soft tissue augmentation alone or in combination with guided bone regeneration (GBR), introducing simultaneous application of the one abutment one time concept for three‐dimensional reconstruction of the deficient ridge.Clinical ConsiderationsSoft and hard tissue quality and dimensions are fundamental elements for long lasting results in implant dentistry. Different techniques have been described for soft and hard tissue augmentation at time of implant placement presenting favorable results. However, multiple abutment disconnections during the prosthetic phase of treatment can compromise the results achieved during surgery. The purpose of this article is to present a surgical protocol that allows three‐dimensional ridge reconstruction involving soft tissue augmentation alone, or in combination with hard tissue augmentation in one single step with the use of an one‐time intermediate abutment as an anchorage device for the regenerative materials. Two clinical cases utilizing the proposed protocol are also presented, demonstrating favorable results.ConclusionsThe application of the proposed protocol simplifies the surgical phase of treatment, protects the achieved result and enables a favorable outcome in decreased time.Clinical SignificanceUtilising an intermediate abutment as an anchorage device at time of surgery can be proven an easy to apply and biologically favorable alternative way to other methods of soft tissue graft stabilization proposed in the past.
Climate change worries and fertility intentions: Insights from three EU countries
Authors: Bastianelli Elena 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the relationship between climate change concern and fertility intentions in Finland, Estonia, and Sweden. It explores whether climate worries are associated with a greater inclination to remain childfree or a reduction in the number of intended children, and whether the association varies across the three countries.BackgroundClimate change concern is said to influence fertility intentions either by prompting individuals to reduce their intended fertility to alleviate pressure on the planet or by instilling a sense of guilt and concern about bringing a child into a perceived doomed world. However, scientific evidence on this association is still limited and inconsistent.MethodThe analysis draws on nationally representative data from the 2021/22 Gender and Generation Survey, focusing on individuals aged 18–40. It examines certainty in future fertility intentions and the intended number of children through ordinal and multinomial logistic regressions, distinguishing between first‐birth and higher‐order birth intentions. Interactions between climate change concern and country are explored to assess potential cross‐country differences.ResultsThe results provide evidence that strong concern for climate change is linked to reduced fertility intentions, driven by childless individuals' intentions to forgo childbearing altogether rather than reducing the number of intended children. This pattern holds across all three countries, with a more pronounced association in Finland and Estonia, and somewhat weaker in Sweden.ConclusionThis study highlights, for the first time in the European context and on a representative sample, that climate change concern is negatively associated with fertility intentions.
Assessing the Impact of Ghee, Olive Oil and Margarine on Male Rabbit Fertility and Reproductive Hormones
Authors: Shaat Adel R. , Sadek Kadry M. , Mahmoud Sahar F. , Saleh Hamida , Sayed Samy , Shukry Mustafa , Ghamry Heba I. , Zeweil Mohamed M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the present investigation, the impact of natural ghee, olive oil and synthetic margarine on the fertility parameters of male rabbits was evaluated by examining semen quality, fertility hormones, antioxidant markers, lipid profile, and liver and kidney functions. Eighty male rabbits were randomly allotted into four groups (20 rabbits each, four replicates/group). The basal diet supplemented the control group; the margarine group was fed a 10% margarine diet, the ghee group was fed a 10% ghee diet, and the olive oil group was fed a 10% olive oil diet. In the margarine group, the semen quality parameters, total testosterone levels, free testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and antioxidant enzyme levels as catalase showed a significant reduction compared to other groups. At the same time, they were enhanced in ghee and olive oil groups. A substantial increase of triglyceride (TAG), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol, with a decrease of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, were observed in the margarine group contrasted to ghee and olive oil groups. The ghee and the olive oil‐treated group showed strong immunoreactions of androgen, FSH, LH receptors and mild caspase 3 in testicular tissue compared to the margarine‐treated group. Finally, histopathological examination of rabbit testicular tissue showed proliferation of basal spermatogenic cells, increased luminal spermatid of seminiferous epithelium, and proliferation of interstitial cells in normal interstitial tissue in the ghee and olive oil treated group. Still, it showed severe vacuolation and necrosis in the basal luminal seminiferous epithelium and congestion of blood vessels in the margarine group. This present study revealed that the health influence of olive oil and ghee is better than margarine on male fertility parameters.
Who benefits from strong patent protection? An oil‐dependent country's perspective
Authors: Akhzami Shaikha Al , Zaibet Lokman , Akintola Abdallah , Gulseven Osman , Saboori Behnaz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a complex interplay is demonstrated, indicating that the impact of intellectual property rights (IPR) and patent protection varies in certain trade contexts. We review the IPR and patent laws in Oman and subsequent amendments following the signing of free trade agreements and investigate how strong protection of patents and IPRs affects Oman's trade. A panel data set comprising the majority of Oman's trading partners from 2000 to 2021 was utilized to achieve this objective. Under the Oman Intellectual Property (IP) Laws, 5617 patent applications were used to calculate the patent index scores. This study contributes four significant findings. First, it analyzes how strong IP and patent protection affect Oman's exports and imports. Second, it assesses the variation in overall trade flows and manufacturing trade flows. Third, while most studies use the IPR index, this study offers a more specific perspective by examining the patent index, particularly concerning manufacturing trade, which is primarily associated with patent‐protected technologies. Fourth, this study provides the first comprehensive analysis of a GCC country that is heavily dependent on oil. This study reveals that Oman's strong IPR and patent regimes significantly enhance overall exports. Strong patent protection promotes the import of high‐tech goods, whereas robust IPR protection unexpectedly reduces manufacturing trade.
Impact of Metabolic Syndrome Traits on Kidney Disease Risk in Individuals with MASLD: A UK Biobank Study
Authors: Bilson Josh , Hydes Theresa J. , McDonnell Declan , Buchanan Ryan M. , Scorletti Eleonora , Mantovani Alessandro , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits on chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is unknown. We investigated the impact of type and number of MetS traits and liver fibrosis on prevalent CKD and incident end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) risk in SLD.Methods234 488 UK Biobank participants' were analysed. Hepatic steatosis index (> 36 for SLD, < 30 for no SLD) and MRI‐proton density fat fraction (≥ 5.56%) were used to identify SLD. MetS traits were identified using MASLD criteria. Advanced fibrosis (FIB‐4 score > 2.67) was determined using FIB‐4 scores. eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or albuminuria > 3 mg/mmol identified prevalent CKD. A validated algorithm identified incident ESRD. Binary logistic and Cox regressions were used to test associations with prevalent CKD ([adjusted odds ratios (ORs)]) and incident ESRD (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs]) respectively.Results102 410 participants (41.2%) had SLD. 64.4% had MetS. 1.3% had FIB‐4 score > 2.67. With SLD and only one MetS trait, hypertension (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.35–1.72) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.06–3.38) increased risk of prevalent CKD. MetS (≥ 3 traits) increased prevalent CKD risk (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.75–2.15), which was further increased by advanced liver fibrosis (OR 4.29, 95% CI 3.36–5.47). CKD prevalence increased with increasing MetS traits. Over 13.6 years (median follow‐up), MetS was associated with increased risk of developing ESRD (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.19–2.43).ConclusionsIn MASLD, hypertension, and T2D, number of MetS traits and liver fibrosis increased risk of prevalent CKD and presence of MetS increased the risk of incident ESRD.