bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Particle-in-cell Simulations of the Transport of Astrophysical Relativistic Jets in Magnetized Intergalactic Medium
Authors: Yao Weipeng , Qiao Bin , Zhao Zhonghai , Lei Zhu , Zhang Hua , Zhou Cangtao , Zhu Shaoping , He Xiantu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present results from fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of the transport of astrophysical relativistic jets in magnetized intergalactic medium. As opposed to magnetohydrodynamic simulations, the results show that a strong charge-separation electric field, induced by the different responses between jet electrons and ions to the magnetic fields, significantly enhances the energy exchange between different species of charged particles and electromagnetic fields, thus playing a key role in determining the collimation and shape of the jet spectral energy distribution (SED). It is found that when the magnetic field strength increases, the jet collimation also increases while the power-law slope of the jet SED decreases; this provides potential enlightenment on related astrophysical observations.
Potential Gravitational-wave and Gamma-ray Multi-messenger Candidate from 2015 October 30
Authors: Nitz Alexander H. , Nielsen Alex B. , Capano Collin D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present a search for binary neutron star (BNS) mergers that produced gravitational waves during the first observing run of the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), and gamma-ray emission seen by either the Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) or the Fermi-Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), similar to GW170817 and GRB 170817A. We introduce a new method using a combined ranking statistic to detect sources that do not produce significant gravitational-wave or gamma-ray burst candidates individually. The current version of this search can increase by 70% the detections of joint gravitational-wave and gamma-ray signals. We find one possible candidate observed by LIGO and Fermi-GBM, 1-OGC 151030, at a false alarm rate of 1 in 13 yr. If astrophysical, this candidate would correspond to a merger at

Mpc with source-frame chirp mass of

. If we assume that the viewing angle must be <30° to be observed by Fermi-GBM, our estimate of the distance would become

Mpc. By comparing the rate of BNS mergers to our search-estimated rate of false alarms, we estimate that there is a 1 in 4 chance that this candidate is astrophysical in origin.
Online news recommendations credibility: The tie is mightier than the source
Authors: Samuel-Azran Tal , Hayat Tsahi 
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we wish to examine the perceived credibility of news items shared through Social Networking Sites (SNS) –specifically, as a function of tie strength and perceived credibility of the media source from which the content originated. We utilized a between-subjects design. The Facebook account of each participant (N=217) was analyzed. Based on this analysis, our participants were shown a fictitious Facebook post that was presumably shared by one of their Facebook friends with whom they had either a strong social tie (experiment group), or a weak social tie (control group). All recipients were then asked about their perceptions regarding the news source (from which the item presumably originated), and their perception regarding thecredibility of the presented item. Our findings indicate that the strength of the social tie between the sharer of the item and its recipient mediates the effect of the credibility perception regarding the news source, and the perceived item credibility, as well as the likelihood of searching for additional information regarding the topic presented in the shared item.
Se examina en este trabajo la credibilidad percibida de las noticias compartidas a través de los sitios de redes sociales (RRSS), específicamente, en función de la fuerza de enlace y la credibilidad percibida de la fuente de los medios de la cual se originó el contenido. Utilizamos un diseño entre sujetos. Se analizó la cuenta de Facebook de cada participante (N=217). Sobre la base de este análisis, a nuestros participantes se les mostró una publicación ficticia de Facebook que supuestamente fue compartida por uno de sus amigos de Facebook con los que tenían un vínculo social fuerte (grupo experimental) o un vínculo social débil (grupo de control). Luego se les preguntó a todos los destinatarios acerca de sus percepciones con respecto a la fuente de noticias (de la cual se suponía que se originó el artículo), y su percepción con respecto a la credibilidad del artículo presentado. Nuestros hallazgos indican que la fuerza del vínculo social entre el que comparte el elemento y su destinatario media el efecto de la percepción de credibilidad con respecto a la fuente de noticias, y la credibilidad percibida del elemento, así como la posibilidad de buscar información adicional sobre el tema presentado en el elemento compartido.
An Education-Based Text Messaging Program to Improve Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Related to Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care Settings
Authors: Saffari Mohsen , Sanaeinasab Hormoz , Masoumbeigi Hossein , Pakpour Amir H. , O'Garo Keisha N. , Koenig Harold G. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Nosocomial infection (NI) is common in health care settings. Educational strategies such as mobile teaching methods for health care providers may help to resolve this problem. This pilot study assessed the influence of a text messaging program to improve intensive care unit nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice related to NI prevention.

Method:

In this single-group experimental study, 32 nurses received an educational intervention via short text messages on their cell phones. Information on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding NI prevention was collected using a standard scale. Preventive messages about NI were prepared and sent to participants during a 2-month trial. Results were assessed 2 weeks after the intervention, and data were analyzed by paired
t
test.

Results:

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of participants increased by 17%, 3%, and 9%, respectively, from baseline to follow up. The average score on the knowledge dimension was lower than for other components. Knowledge components such as hand hygiene, work safety, and protective equipment increased to a lesser degree from pre- to posttest, compared with other aspects (
p
< .05 versus
p
< .001).

Conclusion:

An education-based program operating through short text messages may be a useful in-service training strategy for intensive care unit nurses.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2019;50(5):211–217.]
Perceptions des spécificités du travail et du rôle enseignant dans le secteur Lansad : diversité et convergences
Authors: Vega Umaña Ana Laura 
Published: April 2019

Cet article s’intéresse aux discours des enseignants sur leurs expériences dans le secteur des langues pour spécialistes d’autres disciplines (Lansad) afin de comprendre les façons dont ils conceptualisent leur rôle enseignant et les particularités et défis de leur travail. Deux études complémentaires seront présentées : une étude qualitative sur les pratiques et représentations de six enseignants Lansad dans deux universités différentes, et un questionnaire adressé aux enseignants du secteur Lansad au niveau national, qui vise à recueillir des informations sur leurs perceptions de leurs rôles et de leurs domaines d’expertise. L’article cherche à mieux cerner la diversité des rôles enseignants à travers un survol de la littérature ayant trait aux particularités de l’enseignement d’une langue de spécialité et l’analyse des descriptions fournies par les participants de l’étude qualitative et du questionnaire.
Correlation of hair and plasma efavirenz concentrations in HIV-positive South Africans
Authors: Johnston Jenna , Wiesner Lubbe , Smith Peter , Maartens Gary , Orrell Catherine 
Published: April 2019

Background: Antiretroviral concentrations in hair provide a longer window of drug detection and are useful for measuring longer-term drug exposure. Efavirenz is an important component of first-line treatment in resource-limited settings, but its concentrations in hair have not been well studied.Methods: This study is a supplementary to a randomised controlled trial of an adherence intervention using an electronic adherence measuring device. Hair and plasma samples were collected from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in Cape Town, South Africa. Previously validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods were used to measure efavirenz concentrations in the collected hair and plasma samples. CYP2B6 genotyping of participants was also performed. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and comparative statistics as well as regression modelling.Results: Hair samples were collected from 59% of patients enrolled in the parent study. Results indicated that hair efavirenz concentrations were significantly influenced by participants’ CYP2B6metaboliser status. Median efavirenz concentrations for extensive, intermediate and slow metaboliser genotypes were 3.54 ng/mg, 5.11 ng/mg and 10.66 ng/mg, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between the efavirenz concentrations measured in hair and plasma samples (Spearman’s correlation coefficients, 0.672–0.741, p < 0.0001). No relationship between hair efavirenz concentrations and virological failure or adherence measured using an electronic adherence was shown.Conclusion: The results from this study provide further insight into the potential of using hair as a matrix for measuring antiretroviral concentrations. However, challenges experienced in collecting hair samples suggest that this adherence measure may have limited utility in an African population.
Development and Validation of the Occupational Self-Assessment–Short Form (OSA–SF)
Authors: Popova Evguenia S. , Ostrowski Rikki K. , Wescott Jennifer J. , Taylor Renée R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Importance: The Occupational Self-Assessment, Version 2.2 (OSA 2.2), is a client-centered measure of clients’ perceived occupational competence and value. The OSA 2.2 has previously demonstrated good structural validity and internal consistency; however, the administration length could deter therapists from using this assessment in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation.
Objective: To evaluate reliability and validity of the OSA 2.2 in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation and to develop and validate the OSA–Short Form (OSA–SF).
Design: We performed a descriptive psychometric analysis using the Rasch analytic approach.
Setting: The data were collected in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation.
Participants: Our convenience sample consisted of 86 patients in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation.
Outcomes and Measures: Participants rated their perceived occupational competence and value by completing the OSA 2.2.
Results: We examined psychometric properties of the OSA 2.2 and OSA–SF using a partial credit Rasch model. The 21-item OSA 2.2 was reduced to a 12-item OSA–SF through iterative removal of items on the basis of item-misfit statistics. The OSA–SF demonstrated adequate rating scale functioning, dimensionality, item and person goodness of fit, item targeting, item hierarchies, and item and person separation.
Conclusions and Relevance: Findings indicate that the OSA–SF is a valid and reliable measure that can guide client-centered goal setting and intervention planning for adults receiving acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation.
What This Article Adds: The OSA 2.2 and the OSA–SF offer a client-centered approach to evaluating patients’ self-reported ability and ratings of the importance of performing everyday occupations. These assessments can guide client-centered goal setting in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation.
B3010: a boosted TSI 3010 condensation particle counter for airborne studies
Authors: Picard David , Attoui Michel , Sellegri Karine 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. In the present paper, we expose how we boosted the performance of a
commercial condensation particle counter (CPC) model TSI 3010 to detect particles as small as 1.5 nm while
preserving the robustness and reliability of the original instrument. The
TSI 3010 was selected because of our deep knowledge of its internal workings and its large
incorporated butanol reservoir that allows continuous operation for several
hours without refill, which is well suited to airborne operation. Aside from this, it
is still pretty easy to buy instruments from the TSI 3010 family from
companies that specialize in used scientific instrument retail. The CPC
described in this study is called B3010 hereafter, where the “B”
stands for boosted. We provide an evaluation of its performances
down to 1 nm using standard calibration methods and comparisons with
ultrafine CPCs (TSI 3025 and TSI 3776), as well as with its original version.
One important application of the B3010 is for high-altitude measurement
stations and airborne studies, the instrument's detection efficiency was
quantified for various inlet flow rates and pressures.
Assessment of time of emergence of anthropogenic deoxygenation and warming: insights from a CESM simulation from 850 to 2100 CE
Authors: Hameau Angélique , Mignot Juliette , Joos Fortunat 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Marine deoxygenation and anthropogenic ocean warming are observed and
projected to intensify in the future. These changes potentially impact the
functions and services of marine ecosystems. A key question is whether marine
ecosystems are already or will soon be exposed to environmental conditions
not experienced during the last millennium. Using a forced simulation with
the Community Earth System Model (CESM) over the period 850 to 2100, we find
that anthropogenic deoxygenation and warming in the thermocline exceeded
natural variability in, respectively, 60 % and 90 % of total ocean
area. Control simulations are typically used to estimate the pre-industrial
variability level. However, the natural variability of oxygen (O2)
and temperature (T) inferred from the last millennium period is
systematically larger than the internal variability simulated in the
corresponding control simulation. This renders natural variability from
control simulations to be biased towards low estimates. Here, natural
variability is assessed from the last millennium period (850–1800 CE), thus
considering the response to forcing from explosive volcanic eruptions, solar
irradiance and greenhouse gases in addition to internal, chaotic
variability. Results suggest that in the tropical thermocline, where
biological and solubility-driven O2 changes counteract each other,
anthropogenic changes in apparent oxygen utilisation (AOU) and in O2
solubility (O2,sol) are detectable earlier than O2 changes.
Both natural variability and change in AOU are predominantly driven by
variations in circulation with a smaller role for productivity. By the end of
the 21st century, ventilation becomes more vigorous in the tropical
thermocline, whereas ideal age in deep waters increases by more than
200 years relative to the pre-industrial period. Different methodological choices are
compared and the time for an anthropogenic signal to emerge (ToE) is earlier
in many thermocline regions when using variability from a shorter period,
from the control simulation or estimates from the industrial period instead
of the variability from the last millennium. Our results highlight that
published methods may lead to deviations in ToE estimates, calling for a
careful quantification of variability. They also highlight that realised
anthropogenic change exceeds natural variations in many regions.
El pensamiento crítico en la asignatura Sociología. Experiencia didáctica en Educación Secundaria
Authors: Orozco Alvarado Julio César , Rodríguez Torrez Wendy Floridalma 
Published: April 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación es una innovación educativa que se llevó a cabo en el Instituto Público Rigoberto López Pérez de Managua, con el objetivo de desarrollar el pensamiento crítico a través de una intervención didáctica en la asignatura Sociología, debido a que por años se continúa implementando el método academicista, lo que provoca desmotivación en los estudiantes, sin embargo, en la intervención didáctica se relacionó la teoría con las prácticas pedagógicas y ellos interactuaron realizando trabajos cooperativos, criticando y socializando. Este proceso de investigación se fundamentó en el paradigma socio-crítico y en la investigación acción, porque se identificó un problema educativo y se le dio respuesta a este a través de la aplicación de estrategias de aprendizaje innovadoras. El enfoque investigativo tiene elementos cualitativos y cuantitativos, predominando el enfoque cualitativo por las técnicas e instrumentos aplicados durante la intervención didáctica como es el caso de la etnografía educativa. Los hallazgos de la investigación demostraron que las estrategias de aprendizajes implementadas generaron pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes, y, por tanto, se recomienda innovar su metodología didáctica para que los estudiantes sean el agente protagonista de su propio aprendizaje y se sientan motivados hacia el aprendizaje de la asignatura Sociología.
Estilo de vida y su relación con el estado nutricional de los trabajadores del Instituto Politécnico de la Salud, UNAN-Managua
Authors: Casco Palma Jenny del Carmen 
Published: April 2019

Con el objetivo de evaluar los estilos de vida y su relación con el estado nutricional de los trabajadores del Instituto Politécnico de Salud POLISAL, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y analítico. Fueron analizados los datos sobre las características sociodemográficas, estado nutricional y estilos de vida, entre ellos; hábitos alimentarios, actividad y ejercicio físico, patrones de sueño y manejo de estrés y uso de sustancias tóxicas, como alcohol y tabaco. Los análisis estadísticos efectuados fueron: descriptivos, pruebas de Correlación no Paramétrica V de Cramer. Del análisis y discusión de los resultados obtenidos, se alcanzaron las siguientes conclusiones: el 86 % presentó sobrepeso o algún grado de obesidad, situación que se agudiza en el 96 % de los docentes. Un patrón alimentario compuesto de 10 alimentos: chiltoma, aceite, cebolla, tomate, arroz, azúcar, frijoles, café, pollo y pan, con una dieta poco diversa, su principal fuente de adquisición calórica son las grasas, el 74 % no realiza ejercicio físico, el 67 % tiene buen manejo del estrés, bajo consumo de alcohol y tabaco, no existe una relación de asociación significativa entre los estilos de vida y el estado nutricional con un p = 0.42.
A Registry Based Approach to Suicide Research: Opportunities and Limitations in the Norwegian Population Representative Registries
Authors: Stene-Larsen Kim , Hauge Lars Johan , Øien-Ødegaard Carine , Reneflot Anne 
Published: April 2019

Together with the other Nordic countries, Norway stands in a unique position internationally with its large population representative registries. By means of unique personal identification numbers assigned to all Norwegian citizens, as well as to immigrants who stay for more than 6 months, it is possible to construct individual record linkages covering an increasing number of years across different national registries. The Norwegian registries include, among others, information from the primary and specialist health care services, the prescription of drugs, and causes of death. In addition, they include sociodemographic information like year of birth, gender, immigration status, educational attainment, marital status, and the use of various social benefits. Norway is one of very few countries that have a nationwide registry on primary health care use. This registry gives the opportunity to explore the role of the primary health care services prior to suicide and in the follow-up of the suicide bereaved, which has been pointed out as one of the most promising areas for future suicide prevention. Linkages of Norwegian registries opens up new approaches in analyses and the possibility to explore a range of novel research themes, such as treatment trajectories and patterns of health care use prior to suicide and among the suicide bereaved.
In this paper, we give a description of the Norwegian population representative registries applicable for suicide research. We discuss the analytic opportunities as well as the challenges and obstacles of a registry based research approach to suicide.
The main strength of registry-based research on suicide is the ability to maintain data on the total population, the possibility to study small sub-populations or low-prevalent events, virtually continuous timelines in longitudinal data, few or no non-response or other missing data, no sample attrition, and the possibility of gaining access to large amounts of various health and sociodemographic information. In addition registry-based research allows investigation of hard-to-reach populations, such as groups of individuals with severe mental disorders or immigrants that traditionally have been difficult to recruit for participation in research projects.
The opportunities presented in the article could motivate to do similar research in Canada and even inspire for cooperation between Norwegian and Canadian researchers on registry based research on suicide. In our opinion, registry-based research on suicide will play an increasingly important role in suicide research in the years to come.
Analyse jurilinguistique des concepts de « lisibilité » et d’« intelligibilité » de la loi
Authors: Gémar Jean-Claude 
Published: April 2019

Le concept de lisibilité des textes est en vogue depuis le mouvement du plain language law. Ce concept est parfois confondu avec celui de l’intelligibilité d’un texte, lisibilité et intelligibilité étant des termes considérés comme synonymes. La société, suivant la loi du moindre effort et en quête de simplification, tend naturellement vers davantage de facilité dans les actes de la vie quotidienne. La lecture et l’écriture suivent cette tendance : les formes qu’elles prennent évoluent rapidement sous l’effet des nouvelles technologies. Il y a toutefois une grande différence entre la lecture ludique d’un roman ou d’un quotidien d’information générale et celle de textes juridiques tels que loi, jugement ou contrat, qui sont des textes spécialisés, techniques, requérant des lecteurs connaissances spécialisées, présupposés culturels et une intelligence fine des nuances de sens portées par le texte. La lisibilité de ces textes et leur intelligibilité posent des difficultés singulières. Les jurilinguistes se sont penchés sur ces difficultés qui relèvent à la fois de la langue et du droit. Nous avons limité cette analyse à la loi, « vitrine du droit », reflet d’une société, de sa culture juridique et de son mode d’expression particulier.
Présence et omniprésence de la notion d’atteinte initiale dans l’arrêt Montréal (Ville) c Dorval de la Cour suprême du Canada
Authors: Forget Patrick 
Published: April 2019

L’arrêt Montréal (Ville) c Dorval, rendu en 2017, confirme que la protection contre les prescriptions courtes, prévue à l’article 2930 CcQ en cas de préjudice corporel, peut s’étendre, par ricochet, aux victimes qui n’ont pas subi de préjudice corporel. Dans l’opinion majoritaire qu’il signe, le juge Wagner (maintenant juge en chef) mobilise fortement une notion en émergence, soit la notion d’atteinte initiale, que la Cour avait consacrée, en 2013, dans l’arrêt Cinar Corp c Robinson. Le présent article a pour objectif d’étudier la notion d’atteinte initiale telle qu’elle se laisse dévoiler, dans son contenu comme dans ses formes, à la lecture du jugement majoritaire dans l’arrêt Dorval. Cette étude, qui profite de lumières provenant du droit, de la terminologie et de la linguistique, tend à montrer que la notion d’atteinte initiale, une notion qui, pourtant, reste à théoriser, est déjà profondément intériorisée par la communauté juridique québécoise.