bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reconstruction Of Sufi’s Roles In Islamic Teaching In Indonesia: A Critical Reflection Over Religious Radicalism
Authors: Romansjach Aman , Naupal Naupal 
Published: June 2019

The phenomenon of religious radicalism has never stopped in the history of humankind up to now. This radicalism is different from the peaceful Islamic teaching that took place during the period that Islam entered Indonesia first time with the role of Sufi in it. This article is an effort of reconstruction of Sufi’s role in Islamic teaching in Indonesia, a reflection over religious radicalism with phenomenology approach, tassawuf can be categorized as factual life experience according to Heidegger’s concept. The aim of this study is to analyize that tassawuf is relevant in the life of plural society of Indonesia, and solution to human who is inherently homo religious to prevent religious radicalism.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE GROUP INVESTIGATION TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN KONSEPTUAL SISWA PADA MATERI USAHA DAN ENERGI
Authors: Sinaga Helen Valentin , Tampubolon Togi 
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe group investigation terhadap pengetahuan konseptual dan aktivitas siswa pada materi usaha dan energi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi exsperiment dengan menggunakan two group pretest-posttest design. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari dua kelas, yang masing-masing berjumlah 33 siswa, pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes berupa pengetahuan konseptual siswa dalam bentuk esai sebanyak 7 soal. Pada kelas eksperimen aktivitas rata-rata siswa dalam tiga kali pertemuan, yaitu 63%, 74% dan 86%. Data yang diperoleh maka model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe group investigation dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar pada materi usaha dan energi di kelas X SMA Negeri 4 Binjai. Nilai rata-rata postes eksperimen adalah 75,57 dan kelas kontrol adalah 65,71. Setelah diuji dengan uji t menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe group investigation terhadap pengetahuan konseptual siswa pada materi usaha dan energi di kelas X Semester II SMA Negeri 4 Binjai T.P 2017/2018.Kata kunci : pembelajaran kooperatif tipe group investigation, aktivitas, pengetahuan konseptual
Revision of the first Carboniferous palaeofloristic locality discovered in Argentina
Authors: Correa Gustavo , Césari Silvia N. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The first Carboniferous palaeofloristic locality recognized in Argentina is situated to the south of the Sierra Chica de Zonda in San Juan Province, Argentina. The fossiliferous site known as Retamito or Río del Agua provided plant remains which were studied by the Polish scientist Ladislaus Szajnocha in 1891. Szajnocha proposed an early Carboniferous age for the assemblage and described some species of lycophytes and sphenophytes, and foliage of cordaitalean and probable pteridosperms. Subsequent studies of this outcrop and its palaeontological content have been few, and a new interdisciplinary approach is needed. The succession is interpreted as fluvial-deltaic in origin, with intercalation of shallow marine deposits, which provided diagnostic plant components of the Nothorhacopteris/Botrychiopsis/Ginkgophyllum Biozone of the late Carboniferous in Argentina. Palynological assemblages recovered from the same strata contain bisaccate taeniate pollen and spores (e.g. Striatosporites heyleri) that support an age probably not older than early Moscovian.
Fern spore viability considered in relation to the duration of the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) impact winter. A contribution to the discussion
Authors: Berry Keith 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary Chicxulub impact is supposed to have produced a nearly decade-long impact winter which resulted in a mass-extinction event among dicot angiosperms but which left pteridophytes comparatively unaffected. Dicot angiosperms subsequently recovered from the soil seed bank following an episode of global deforestation, although this recovery took centuries. Pteridophytes, on the other hand, are supposed to have recovered within months of the impact event, due to the characteristic, short-term viability of fern spores in the soil bank – an interpretation consistent with the assumption that the dominant fern spore at the K-Pg boundary fern spore spike, Cyathidites Couper, was produced by cyatheaceous foliage. At the K-Pg boundary section near Sugarite, New Mexico, however, Cyathidites spores are more likely to have been produced by schizaeaceous foliage, which produces spores capable of germinating after spending about a decade or more in the soil and which already commanded similar depositional settings in western North America during the Maastrichtian. Therefore, the protracted – millennial – timescale for fern dominance in the earliest Danian could be related to the unique ecology of schizaeaceous ferns that recovered from a persistent spore bank in a habitat that they already dominated, presumably by suppressing the colonization of angiosperms.
Understanding a continuous inland aeolian deposition: a closer look into a chronological and sedimentary record of the north-eastern European Sand Belt
Authors: Kalińska Edyta 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A belt of inland aeolian sand sediments termed the European Sand Belt (ESB) runs throughout Europe, and its western part has gained greater attention, while attention to the eastern part has been limited. Whereas clear aeolian–paleosol sequences that reflect colder–-armer phases are known from its western part, such alternation is practically undetectable in the eastern part. This study combines the available chronological and sedimentary data from the north-eastern part of the ESB, with a special focus on the Baltic State region. Here, aeolian deposition took place between 15.9±1.0 ka and 8.5±0.5 ka, almost instantly following a deglaciation and drainage of paleolakes, and thereafter practically without longer-term stability. Lack of paleosols is likely due to the prevalence of pioneer vegetation, reflecting dry and cold climate conditions, and thus giving limited opportunity for soil development.
Methods to describe the botanical composition of vegetation in grassland research
Authors: Peratoner Giovanni , Pötsch Erich M. 
Published: June 2019

Summary
In terms of botanical composition, grassland vegetation in experimental plots and field studies can be described by means of different parameters (plant density, cover, frequency or yield proportion). Each parameter describes different features, which under certain circumstances may be correlated one to each other to some extent, but are not fully equivalent. The choice of the parameter to be assessed depends therefore, in first instance, on the specific aim of the investigation. For the assessment of the chosen parameter, many methods are available that differ from each other in terms of subjectivity, precision, effort and requirement for technical equipment. The choice of method depends mainly on the required precision, the affordable effort and on the available resources.
Fuzzy Supervised Multi-Period Time Series Forecasting
Authors: Ilieva Galina 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to propose a new method for fuzzy forecasting of time series with supervised learning and k-order fuzzy relationships. In the training phase based on k previous historical periods, a multidimensional matrix of fuzzy dependencies is constructed. During the test stage, the fitted fuzzy model is run for validating the observations and each output value is predicted by using a fuzzy input vector of k previous intervals. The proposed algorithm is verified by a benchmark dataset for fuzzy time series forecasting. The results obtained are similar or better than those of other fuzzy time series prediction methods. Comparative analysis shows the high potential of the new algorithm as an alternative to fuzzy prediction and reveals some opportunities for its further improvement.
A combination of biochar and regulated deficit irrigation improves tomato fruit quality: A comprehensive quality analysis
Authors: Keabetswe Larona , Shao Guang Cheng , Cui Jintao , Lu Jia , Stimela Tebogo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Quality of fresh produce is the most critical issue in the economics of a vegetable enterprise. In order to investigate the effect of biochar amendment and deficit irrigation on tomato fruit quality, experimental research was conducted under a rain shelter in southern China during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The experiment consisted of five treatments. Crops were irrigated to 100% of field water capacity at all growth stages as treatments T1 and T2. The other treatments received 30% less irrigation water than T2 when its soil water content reached 70% of field capacity, and were designated as treatments T3, T4 and T5, applied at the vegetative (stage I), flowering and fruit development (stage II), and fruit ripening (stage III) stages, respectively. Treatment T1 included no biochar, while the other treatments included 10% biochar by weight. The results showed that the total soluble solids (TSS) content, sugar-to-acid ratio (SAR), vitamin C (VC) content, and colour index (CI) increased in the deficit irrigation treatments depending on the phenological stage, the fruit ripening stage in particular. Meanwhile, single fruit weight was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by water deficit at stages II and III, subsequently affecting the total fruit yield. Biochar improved soil moisture conservation and had a positive effect on fruit quality as evidenced by better single quality attributes (p < 0.05) of T2 over T1. The GRA and TOPSIS appraisal methods were used to conduct the comprehensive quality analysis. Eventually, treatment T5 ranked the best in both seasons, and this was also confirmed by the combinational evaluation method.
Prevalence of QoI resistance and mtDNA diversity in the Irish Zymoseptoria tritici population
Authors: Kildea S. , Bucar D.E. , Hutton F. , Rosa S. de la , Welch T.E. , Phelan S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The emergence and spread of Quinone outside Inhibitor (QoI) fungicide resistance in the Irish Zymoseptoria tritici population in the early 2000s had immediate impacts on the efficacy of the entire group of fungicides for the control of septoria tritici blotch. As a result, a dramatic reduction in the quantities applied to winter wheat occurred in the following seasons. Even in the absence of these fungicides, the frequency of the resistance allele, G143A in the pathogens mtDNA has remained exceptionally high (>97%), and as such, it can be anticipated that continued poor efficacy of current QoI fungicides will be observed. Amongst the isolates with G143A, differences in sensitivity to the QoI pyraclostrobin were observed in vitro. The addition of the alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid increased sensitivity in these isolates, suggesting some continued impairment of respiration by the QoI fungicides, albeit weak. Interestingly, amongst those tested, the strains from a site with a high frequency of inserts in the MFS1 transporter gene known to enhance QoI efflux did not exhibit this increase in sensitivity. A total of 19 mtDNA haplotypes were detected amongst the 2017 strain collection. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the suggestion of a common ancestry of all the haplotypes, even though three of the haplotypes contained at least one sensitive strain.
The interpretative significance of ripple-derived sedimentary structures within an upper Neogene fluvial succession of central Poland
Authors: Maciaszek Piotr , Chomiak Lilianna , Wachocki Robert , Widera Marek 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sedimentary structures discussed in the present study are genetically linked to ripples that consist of pure sand or alternating sand and mud layers. All types of ripple-related structures, such as climbing-ripple cross-lamination and heterolithic bedding, i.e., flaser, wavy and lenticular (nodular), have been identified for the first time in fluvial strata that have been characterised previously as commonly massive. These small-scale bedforms, produced by migrating ripples, have been documented in a fluvial channel of late Neogene age in central Poland. The abundance and co-occurrence of the structures discussed and their spatial distribution provide evidence of their formation under very low-energy conditions, when flow velocity changed markedly, but was often significantly less than 0.5 m/s. Therefore, these ripple-derived sedimentary structures are here recognised as typical of channel fills of an anastomosing river.
Granulometric and facies analysis of Middle–Upper Jurassic rocks of Ler Dome, Kachchh, western India: an attempt to reconstruct the depositional environment
Authors: Ghaznavi Asma A. , Quasim M.A. , Ahmad A.H.M. , Ghosh Sumit K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGrain size analysis is an important sedimentological tool used to unravel hydrodynamic conditions, mode of transportation and deposition of detrital sediments. For the present study, detailed grain size analysis was carried out in order to decipher the palaeodepositional environment of Middle–Upper Jurassic rocks of the Ler Dome (Kachchh, western India), which is further reinforced by facies analysis. Microtextures were identified as grooves, straight steps and V-shaped pits, curved steps and solution pits suggesting the predominance of chemical solution activity. Grain size statistical parameters (Graphic and Moment parameters) were used to document depositional processes, sedimentation mechanisms and conditions of hydrodynamic energy, as well as to discriminate between various depositional environments. The grain size parameters show that most of the sandstones are medium- to coarse-grained, moderately to well sorted, strongly fine skewed to fine skewed and mesokurtic to platykurtic in nature. The abundance of medium- to coarse-grained sandstones indicates fluctuating energy levels of the deposition medium and sediment type of the source area. The bivariate plots show that the samples are mostly grouped, except for some samples that show a scattered trend, which is either due to a mixture of two modes in equal proportion in bimodal sediments or good sorting in unimodal sediments. The linear discriminant function analysis is predominantly indicative of turbidity current deposits under shallow-marine conditions. The C-M plots indicate that the sediments formed mainly by rolling to bottom suspension and rolling condition in a beach subenvironment. Log probability curves show that the mixing between the suspension and saltation populations is related to variable energy conditions.
Desert loess: a selection of relevant topics
Authors: Smalley Ian , Marshall John , Fitzsimmons Kathryn , Whalley W. Brian , Ngambi Samson 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn discussions on loess, two types are often demarcated: glacial loess and desert loess. The origin of the idea of desert loess appears to lie with V.A. Obruchev who observed wind-carried silt on the Potanin expedition to Central Asia in 1895. It might be considered that desert loess would be defined as loess associated with deserts but it came to be thought of as loess produced in deserts. This led to some controversy as no mechanism for producing silt particles in deserts was readily available. Bruce Butler in Australia in particular cast doubt on the existence of desert-made loess.Butler indicated loess-like deposits in Australia which he called Parna; these are very like loess but the silt sized particles are actually clay mineral agglomerates of silt size- formed in dry lake regions.At the heart of the desert loess discussion is the problem of producing loess material in deserts. It has been suggested that there are no realistic mechanisms for forming large amounts of loess dust but there is a possibility that sand grain impact may produce particle shattering and lead to the formation of quartz silt. This would appear to be a reasonable mechanism for the African deposits of desert loess, but possibly inadequate for the huge deposits in China and Central Asia. The desert loess in China and Central Asia is loess associated with a desert. The material is formed in cold, high country and carried by rivers to the vicinity of deserts. It progresses then from deserts to loess deposit.Adobe ground may be defined as desert loess. Adobe occurs on the fringe of deserts, notably in the Sahelian region of Africa, and in SW USA. The use of adobe in construction represents the major utilization of desert loess in a social context. More understanding of adobe is required, in particular with respect to the adobe reaction, the low order chemical reaction which provides modest cementitious properties, and can be likened to the pozzolanic reactions in hydrating cement systems.The location of loess and loess-like ground on the peripheries of deserts is aided by the observation of the nesting sites of bee-eater birds. These birds have a determined preference for loess ground to dig their nesting tunnels; the presence of nest tunnels suggests the occurrence of desert loess, in desert fringe regions.We seek amalgamation and contrast: ten main topics are considered: words and terms, particles, parna, geotechnical, adobe, people, birds, Africa, Central Asia, Mars. The aim is some large generalizations which will benefit all aspects of desert loess investigation.
Factors Determining the Efficiency of Slovak Public Procurement
Authors: Grega Matus , Orviska Marta , Nemec Juraj , Lawson Colin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Many studies analyse factors (such as corruption, competitiveness, transaction costs), which are influencing public procurement efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to find out, what the main factors are in Slovakia that are influencing public procurement efficiency, and based on our analysis, we will also estimate what is the impact of each factor on the efficiency of public procurement in Slovakia.
The research for this paper was executed in three stages. We began with a small number of face-to-face in-depth interviews with specialist procurement advisors to contracting authorities. In the second stage, we created draft questionnaires for contracting authorities and for suppliers, and once we tested questionnaires, it was sent to 13,571 suppliers and to 4,300 contracting authorities. In the last stage, we used various types of analyses to examine identified factors.
There is significant agreement between suppliers and contractors that the two main factors causing inefficiencies are excessive bureaucracy and corruption or other ethical shortcomings. It is shown that insufficient competition, and the excessive use of the lowest price criterion for selecting winning bids, add further inefficiencies. Savings are greatest when there are between 6 and 8 bidders. E-auctions generally produce larger savings than more traditional methods, but Slovak procurement procedures are costly, compared to most other EU states.
This paper contributes to the understanding of what are the core factors which may influence public procurement efficiency. It also provides valuable information for government officials on how to change public procurement rules in order to achieve higher efficiency.
Enhanced CAE system for detection of exudates and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy stages in fundus retinal images using soft computing techniques
Authors: Janaki Sathya D , Geetha K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment. Diabetic Retinopathy is the most recent technique of identifying the intensity of acid secretion in the eye for diabetic patients. The identification of DR is performed by visual analysis of retinal images for exudates (fat deposits) and the main patterns are traced by ophthalmologists. This paper proposes a fully automated Computer Assisted Evaluation (CAE) system which comprises of a set of algorithms for exudates detection and to classify the different stages of Diabetics Retinopathy, which are identified as either normal or mild or moderate or severe. Experimental validation is performed on a real fundus retinal image database. The segmentation of exudates is achieved using fuzzy C-means clustering and entropy filtering. An optimal set obtained from the statistical textural features (GLCM and GLHM) is extracted from the segmented exudates for classifying the different stages of Diabetics Retinopathy. The different stages of Diabetic Retinopathy are classified using three classifiers such as Back Propagation Neural Network (BPN), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The experimental results show that the SVM classifiers outperformed other classifiers for the examined fundus retinal image dataset. The results obtained confirm that with new a set of texture features, the proposed methodology provides better performance when compared to the other methods available in the literature. These results suggest that our proposed method in this paper can be useful as a diagnostic aid system for Diabetic Retinopathy.
Impact of a Wide Range of Teat Lengths on Udder Healt h and Milking Time in Holstein Cows
Authors: Gašparík M. , Ducháček J. , Stádník L. , Tančin V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The objective of our experiment was to evaluate the impact of teat length on milk yield, actual milking time (AMT), milk conductivity (MC), somatic cell count (SCC) and mastitis incidence during lactation. The effect of teat length was evaluated as the occurrence of non-ideal teats (NIT; shorter than 40 mm or longer than 60 mm) at udder level and as the average length of teats on udder (ALTU). The experiment was conducted on 59 dairy cows of Holstein breed. SAS 9.3 was used for statistical calculation. There were great variances in teat length (22–96 mm) and in the rear/front teat ratio (0.8). Only 33% of the tested cows had optimal length of all teats. No evidence for a negative impact of NIT on udder health was found. ALTU showed a statistically significant effect on AMT and SCC (P < 0.05). Cows in the group of udders with short teats showed the worst results for SCC (P < 0.05) and MC. Udders with short teats showed the fastest AMT (6.78 min; P < 0.05) compared to udders with medium and long teats (7.36 min; P < 0.05 and 7.55 min; P < 0.05, respectively). Our results show that while using an udder friendly milking system, the effect of teat length on udder health could be negligible.
Biogas Production Potential from Animal Manure in Samsun Province of Turkey
Authors: Karaca C. , Gurdil G.A.K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine biogas amount and the energy value produced from animal manure in Samsun province, Turkey. For this purpose, biogas potential was calculated considering the number of cattle, buffalo and laying hens in the province. Samsun has a total of about 300 thousand cattle, 18 thousand buffalo, and 1.4 million laying hens. From these animals in the province, 2.95 million t of cattle manure, 178 thousand t of buffalo manure, and 40 thousand t of laying hens manure, including the total of 3.2 Mt of manure per year is obtained. Annually, 53.6 Mm3 of biogas can be produced from the usable amount of this manure. The heating value of biogas produced from this manure is about 1.22 PJ. The electricity production from this biogas is about 135 GWhel. These values can provide 4.96% of Samsun’s annual electrical energy consumption (2720 GWhel). The distribution of these calculated amounts by districts was mapped. When districts are listed according to the biogas production amount, the top seven Samsun districts are Bafra (16.2%), Center (16.0%), Carsamba (12.1%), Vezirkopru (11.0%), Terme (7.6%), Alacam (7.4%) and Havza (7.0%).