bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography training conditions, results from a pan‐European survey: Between vision and reality
Authors: Hamesch Karim , Cahyadi Oscar , Dimitriadis Stavros , Hollenbach Marcus , Acedo Pilar , Ayari Myriam , Dauvarte Helena , Dieninyte Egle , Domislovic Viktor , Dugic Ana , Ďuriček Martin , Elshaarawy Omar , Fennessy Anne , Geissler Mark Enrik , Gorcheva Zornitsa , Hadi Amer , Hamza Valon , Hasukić Ismar , Heinrich Henriette , Levink Iris J. M. , Kral Jan , Kunovsky Lumir , Mandorfer Mattias , Moris Maria , Nikiforova Yana , Ouaya Hassan , Pellino Gianluca , Pisani Anthea , Qejvani Odri , Sadigov Hasan , Salaga Maciej , Sidiropoulos Orestis , Simsek Cem , Sousa Paula , Stojkovic Lalosevic Milica , Straume Zane , Tepes Katja , Voiosu Andrei , Wauters Lucas , Zanetto Alberto , Schlosser Sophie , Staudacher Jonas Jaromir 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) still has a relatively high complication rate, underscoring the importance of high‐quality training. Despite existing guidelines, real‐world data on training conditions remain limited. This pan‐European survey aims to systematically explore the perceptions surrounding ERCP training.MethodsA survey was distributed through the friends of United European Gastroenterology (UEG) Young Talent Group network to physicians working in a UEG member or associated states who regularly performed ERCPs.ResultsOf 1035 respondents from 35 countries, 649 were eligible for analysis: 228 trainees, 225 trainers, and 196 individuals who regularly performed ERCP but were neither trainees nor trainers. The mean age was 43 years, with 72.1% identifying as male, 27.6% as female, and 0.3% as non‐binary. The majority (80.1%) agreed that a structured training regimen is desirable. However, only 13.7% of trainees and 28.4% of trainers reported having such a structured program in their institutions. Most respondents (79.7%) supported the concept of concentrating training in centers meeting specific quality metrics, with 64.1% suggesting a threshold of 200 annual ERCPs as a prerequisite. This threshold revealed that 36.4% of trainees pursued training in lower‐volume centers performing <200 ERCPs annually. As many as 70.1% of trainees performed <50 annual ERCPs, whereas only 5.0% of trainers performed <50 ERCPs annually. A low individual trainee caseload (<50 ERCPs annually) was more common in lower‐volume centers than in higher‐volume centers (82.9% vs. 63.4%).ConclusionsThe first pan‐European survey investigating ERCP training conditions reveals strong support for structured training and the concentration of training efforts within centers meeting specific quality metrics. Furthermore, this survey exposes the low availability of structured training programs with many trainees practicing at lower‐volume centers and 71% of all trainees having little hands‐on exposure. These data should motivate to standardize ERCP training conditions further and ultimately improve patient care throughout Europe.
An Emerging Role for Ticks as Vectors of Tularaemia in Sweden
Authors: Spörndly‐Nees Ellinor , Grandi Giulio , Thorsson Elina , Gustafsson Tomas N. , Omazic Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe zoonotic bacterium Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularaemia, can be transmitted to humans via multiple routes, including through contact with infected animals, contaminated water or arthropod vectors. Ticks have not previously been described as transmitting the disease in Sweden. Recently, Ixodid tick species have expanded their latitudinal and altitudinal range in Sweden to areas where the disease is endemic. Tularaemia is a cause of growing concern, spreading to new areas in Sweden and infecting hares and humans.ObjectivesTo establish whether ticks could be a potential arthropod vector in the transmission of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica in Sweden.MethodsTicks were collected from northern Sweden and screened for F. tularensis. A follow‐up study with ticks collected from F. tularensis‐positive hares was performed. Ticks were analysed using real‐time PCR and a pathological examination was performed on the hares.ResultsF. tularensis subsp. holarctica was identified in ticks from one cat and three F. tularensis‐infected hares. Two hares had skin lesions associated with tick bites with intralesional F. tularensis bacteria.ConclusionsF. tularensis subsp. holarctica was isolated from ticks collected from the hares and cat, the first such reports in ticks in Sweden. Identification of the bacteria at the tick bite site and the more chronic character of the skin lesions compared to those of inner organs suggest that the ticks infected the hares. The cat showed no clinical signs of disease, suggesting that its tick was indeed the vector. These new findings suggest that ticks play a role in the transmission of F. tularensis to human and animal hosts in Sweden.
Variation in Diet and Leafy Browse Offerings Among Colobus Monkeys (Colobus spp.) and Langurs (Trachypithecus spp.) in AZA Facilities
Authors: Plocek Maura R. , Dunham Noah T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTProviding nutritionally balanced diets is a key aspect of successful husbandry and can help support sustainable ex situ populations. This study focuses on the diets of zoo‐housed colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis and C. guereza) and langurs (Trachypithecus cristatus and T. francoisi) across AZA institutions. We utilized survey responses from 34 institutions to (1) document the extent of dietary variation with regard to food categories and macronutrients offered, (2) assess interspecific variation in diets offered, and (3) identify important aspects of browse provisioning among institutions. A total of 95 different food items and 229 common‐name browse types were offered across institutions. Leafy greens was the only food category offered at every institution. The proportion of root and non‐root vegetables in the diet was highly variable. Nonstructural carbohydrates were the most variable macronutrient, and their concentrations were considerably higher than those food items consumed by free‐ranging colobines. Conversely, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were more consistent across institutions but were notably lower than those of free‐ranging colobine food items. There were no significant interspecific differences in diets with regard to food categories or macronutrients offered. There was substantial variation in how frequently browse was offered, how it was regarded across zoos (either as diet, enrichment, or both), and whether or how it was quantified. This study provides context for future studies examining whether and how diet and macronutrient intake impact the behavior, health, and welfare of these populations.
Literature Review: Misconceptions About Phishing
Authors: Mossano Mattia , Volkamer Melanie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhishing is a danger to both private users and businesses. Industry and academia have proposed several approaches to deal with this threat, many of which developed with a supposedly human-centric design. Yet, to our knowledge, there is no research focused on the misconceptions that users might have on phishing. This glaring gap is a problem, as previous research has shown that not engaging with the mental model of users can lead to lack of effectiveness of an approach in the real world. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review starting from papers published at CHI in the last ten years, and expanding to other venues through a backward and a forward search based on the initial relevant CHI papers. We identified 15 misconceptions about phishing in 21 papers that researchers should address in their solutions to enhance the effectiveness of their approaches.
Multimode long-wave approximation for a viscoelastic coating subject to antiplane shear
Authors: Erbaş Barış , Itskov Mikhail , Kaplunov Julius , Prikazchikov Danila 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA general asymptotic approach involving multimode long-wave approximations is illustrated by a 2D time-harmonic scalar problem for the dynamic antiplane shear of a viscoelastic coating. For the first time, a 1D equation of motion with the coefficients depending on frequency parameters is derived. The associated dispersion relation also seems to be a fresh development approximating its exact counterpart near the vicinities of all the cut-off frequencies. As might be expected, the developed formulation is not valid for short wavelength patterns. At the same time, as it is shown for a $$\delta $$
δ
-type loading, it proves to be robust for various scenarios dominated by long-wave response.
On Wavelet Coorbit Spaces Associated to Different Dilation Groups
Authors: Führ Hartmut , van Velthoven Jordy Timo , Voigtlaender Felix 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper develops methods based on coarse geometry for the comparison of wavelet coorbit spaces defined by different dilation groups, with emphasis on establishing a unified approach to both irreducible and reducible quasi-regular representations. We show that the use of reducible representations is essential to include a variety of examples, such as anisotropic Besov spaces defined by general expansive matrices, in a common framework. The obtained criteria yield, among others, a simple characterization of subgroups of a dilation group yielding the same coorbit spaces. They also allow to clarify which anisotropic Besov spaces have an alternative description as coorbit spaces associated to irreducible quasi-regular representations.
Multiscale structural optimization for prescribed deformations in the nonlinear elastic regime
Authors: Murphy Ryan , Thillaithevan Dilaksan , Hewson Robert , Santer Matthew 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a multiscale structural optimization framework capable of efficiently designing two-scale structures with prescribed displacements in the nonlinear elastic regime is presented. In contrast to previous multiscale structural optimization frameworks, which are founded upon the assumptions of linear elasticity, the present framework is capable of efficiently operating within the nonlinear elastic regime. At the core of the present framework is a parameterized microscale geometry, which through the straightforward manipulation of the microscale parameters provides direct access to both positive and negative Poisson’s ratios. The microscale model is concurrently coupled to the macroscale model such that only the microscale parameter space traversed by the optimizer is resolved during the optimization procedure, leading to a significant reduction in the computational expense of analysis. To demonstrate the capability of this framework, three prescribed deformation profiles are targeted by three distinct optimization procedures. In all instances, the deformation profile is successfully targeted. To verify the accuracy of the optimized structures, high-fidelity single-scale simulations are performed. In each case, excellent agreement is noted between the high-fidelity simulations and the corresponding optimized macroscale displacement fields, with errors of less than 10%.
An enhanced guided stochastic search with repair deceleration mechanism for very high-dimensional optimization problems of steel double-layer grids
Authors: Azad Saeid Kazemzadeh , Aminbakhsh Saman , Gandomi Amir H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFinding reasonably good solutions using a fewer number of objective function evaluations has long been recognized as a good attribute of an optimization algorithm. This becomes more important, especially when dealing with very high-dimensional optimization problems, since contemporary algorithms often need a high number of iterations to converge. Furthermore, the excessive computational effort required to handle the large number of design variables involved in the optimization of large-scale steel double-layer grids with complex configurations is perceived as the main challenge for contemporary structural optimization techniques. This paper aims to enhance the convergence properties of the standard guided stochastic search (GSS) algorithm to handle computationally expensive and very high-dimensional optimization problems of steel double-layer grids. To this end, a repair deceleration mechanism (RDM) is proposed, and its efficiency is evaluated through challenging test examples of steel double-layer grids. First, parameter tuning based on rigorous analyses of two preliminary test instances is performed. Next, the usefulness of the proposed RDM is further investigated through two very high-dimensional instances of steel double-layer grids, namely a 21,212-member free-form double-layer grid, and a 25,514-member double-layer multi-dome, with 21,212 and 25,514 design variables, respectively. The obtained numerical results indicate that the proposed RDM can significantly enhance the convergence rate of the GSS algorithm, rendering it an efficient tool to handle very high-dimensional sizing optimization problems.
Flatness constraints in the estimation of GNSS satellite antenna phase center offsets and variations
Authors: Duan Bingbing , Hugentobler Urs , Montenbruck Oliver , Steigenberger Peter , Villiger Arturo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccurate information on satellite antenna phase center offsets (PCOs) and phase variations (PVs) is indispensable for high-precision geodetic applications. In the absence of consistent pre-flight calibrations, satellite antenna PCOs and PVs of global navigation satellite systems are commonly estimated based on observations from a global network, constraining the scale to a given reference frame. As part of this estimation, flatness and zero-mean conditions need to be applied to unambiguously separate PCOs, PVs, and constant phase ambiguities. Within this study, we analytically investigate the impact of different boresight-angle-dependent weighting functions for PV minimization, and we compare antenna models generated with different observation-based weighting schemes with those based on uniform weighting. For the case of the GPS IIR/-M and III satellites, systematic differences of 10 mm in the PVs and 65 cm in the corresponding PCOs are identified. In addition, new antenna models for the different blocks of BeiDou-3 satellites in medium Earth orbit are derived using different processing schemes. As a drawback of traditional approaches estimating PCOs and PVs consecutively in distinct steps, it is shown that different, albeit self-consistent, PCO/PV pairs may result depending on whether PCOs or PVs are estimated first. This apparent discrepancy can be attributed to potentially inconsistent weighting functions in the individual processing steps. Use of a single-step process is therefore proposed, in which a dedicated constraint for PCO-PV separation is applied in the solution of the normal equations. Finally, the impact of neglecting phase patterns in precise point positioning applications is investigated. In addition to an overall increase of the position scatter, the occurrence of systematic height biases is illustrated. While observation-based weighting in the pattern estimation can help to avoid such biases, the possible benefit depends critically on the specific elevation-dependent weighting applied in the user’s positioning model. As such, the practical advantage of such antenna models would remain limited, and uniform weighting is recommended as a lean and transparent approach for the pattern estimation of satellite antenna models from observations.
Antibacterial and anticancer activities of three novel lectin-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles
Authors: Soliman Mervat Mounir , El-Shatoury Einas Hamed , El-Araby Magda Mahmoud Ibrahim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to synthesize, characterize, and determine the antibacterial and anticancer effects of three novel conjugates of plant lectins: phytohemagglutinin lectin (PHA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and peanut agglutinin (PNA) with chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs). The lectin concentration within prepared conjugates was estimated using nannodrop, and the highest concentration was 0.96 mg/ml in PHA-CHNPs. SDS-PAGE showed the molecular weights of conjugates ranged from 26.9 to 63.9 kDa. UV spectrophotometer recorded the absorbance peaks of conjugates somewhere between 200 and 230 nm. Hemagglutination analysis verified the presence of actively binding lectins. The three conjugates showed strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria compared to pure lectins and chitosan nanoparticles. The highest inhibition zone was 55.67 ± 4.04, 38.67 ± 5.51, and 37.33 ± 2.52 for PHA-CHNPs against Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sonnei, respectively, followed by 36.3 ± 0.15 for PNA-CHNPs against Staphylococcus aureus. The lowest MIC was 1.5 µg/ml for PHA-CHNPs against Enterococcus faecalis, followed by 12 µg/ml for PNA-CHNPs and SBA-CHNPs against Salmonella typhimurium and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. TEM microphotographs show the conjugation pattern between lectins and chitosan nanoparticles and the morphological differences between control, treated bacteria, and cancer cells. Moreover, 100 μg/ml of PHA-CHNPs affect tongue carcinoma (HNO-97), colorectal cancer (HT-29), and human melanoma (A375) cancer cell lines, reducing cell viability by 38.78 ± 1.85%, 49.88 ± 1.11%, and 66.92 ± 3.60%, respectively. This study develops three innovative conjugates of lectin chitosan nanoparticles that need to be tested as potential antibacterial and anticancer agents for medical and cancer therapy applications.

Key points
• Lectin-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial activity.
• All conjugates are safe for oral epithelial cells and human skin fibroblasts.
• The PHA-CHNP conjugates have anticancer activity against HNO-97, HT-29, and A375.
Incorporating label uncertainty during the training of convolutional neural networks improves performance for the discrimination between certain and inconclusive cases in dopamine transporter SPECT
Authors: Kucerenko Aleksej , Buddenkotte Thomas , Apostolova Ivayla , Klutmann Susanne , Ledig Christian , Buchert Ralph 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) hold promise for assisting the interpretation of dopamine transporter (DAT)-SPECT. For improved communication of uncertainty to the user it is crucial to reliably discriminate certain from inconclusive cases that might be misclassified by strict application of a predefined decision threshold on the CNN output. This study tested two methods to incorporate existing label uncertainty during the training to improve the utility of the CNN sigmoid output for this task.

Methods
Three datasets were used retrospectively: a “development” dataset (n = 1740) for CNN training, validation and testing, two independent out-of-distribution datasets (n = 640, 645) for testing only. In the development dataset, binary classification based on visual inspection was performed carefully by three well-trained readers. A ResNet-18 architecture was trained for binary classification of DAT-SPECT using either a randomly selected vote (“random vote training”, RVT), the proportion of “reduced” votes ( “average vote training”, AVT) or the majority vote (MVT) across the three readers as reference standard. Balanced accuracy was computed separately for “inconclusive” sigmoid outputs (within a predefined interval around the 0.5 decision threshold) and for “certain” (non-inconclusive) sigmoid outputs.

Results
The proportion of “inconclusive” test cases that had to be accepted to achieve a given balanced accuracy in the “certain” test case was lower with RVT and AVT than with MVT in all datasets (e.g., 1.9% and 1.2% versus 2.8% for 98% balanced accuracy in “certain” test cases from the development dataset). In addition, RVT and AVT resulted in slightly higher balanced accuracy in all test cases independent of their certainty (97.3% and 97.5% versus 97.0% in the development dataset).

Conclusion
Making between-readers-discrepancy known to CNN during the training improves the utility of their sigmoid output to discriminate certain from inconclusive cases that might be misclassified by the CNN when the predefined decision threshold is strictly applied. This does not compromise on overall accuracy.
Removing hardware from anterior approaches following acetabular fractures: a challenging yet indicated procedure
Authors: Khalifa Ahmed , Fergany Ali , Ibrahim Bahaaeldin , Farouk Osama 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the indications, outcomes, and incidence of complications after hardware removal from anterior approaches following acetabular fractures.

Materials
Over ten years, 13 patients were included, complaining of pain due to late infection in nine (69.2%) and secondary osteoarthritis in four (30.8%). Fractures classification were T-type fracture (46.2%), both columns (38.5%), one transverse (7.7%), and one (7.7%) T-type with a posterior wall. The approaches utilized for hardware removal were modified Stoppa in 11 (84.6%) patients, ilioinguinal lateral (iliac) window in nine (69.2%), Pararectus in one (7.7%), ilioinguinal in one (7.7%), and Kocher-Langenbeck approach in one (7.7%)).

Results
The patients’ mean age was 37.1 ± 14.9 (21 to 65) years, and nine (69.2%) were males. Hardware removal was performed after the index surgery by a mean of 35.6 ± 20 months. The mean operative time was 143.8 ± 36 min, and the mean blood loss was 1573 ± 842 CC. The mean hospital stay was 3.2 ± 2.3 days, and all patients required blood transfusion. Four (30.8%) intraoperative complications, two (15.4%) vascular injuries, One (7.7%) urinary bladder injury, and in two (15.4%) broken screws could not be retrieved. Postoperative complications in five (38.5%): three (23.1%) had superficial wound infection, one (7.7%) had DVT, and one (7.7%) had L5 nerve root injury. After a mean follow up of 11.3 ± 4.4 (6 to 20) months, the VAS score decreased from a preoperative median of 6 (2 to 8) to a median score of 1 (0 to 6) at the last follow up. 11 (84.6%) patients described the pain as none or occasional, and eight (61.5%) were very satisfied with the results.

Conclusion
Hardware removal from the anterior approaches after acetabular fractures is demanding and carries a high complication risk. The surgeries should be performed when highly indicated, and the surgical team must be familiar with the anterior approaches.