bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of hospital pediatricians and obstetricians/gynecologists working long hours in Tokushima, Japan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nakagawa Mai , Nakagawa Kazumi , Nakai Koga , Tominaga Ayumu , Mori Yoshiro , Iwasa Takeshi , Urushihara Maki , Hashimoto Ichiro , Morioka Hisayoshi 
Published: November 2024

Background
This study aimed to determine the actual working conditions, including working hours and desired future working styles of hospital pediatricians and obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYNs) in Tokushima Prefecture.

Method
This cross-sectional study used a self-administered questionnaire. Pediatricians and OB/GYNs (n = 96) working at 14 hospitals in Tokushima Prefecture were surveyed. The questionnaire included items related to working hours, working status, number of medical institutions, task-shifting/task-sharing status, and preferred work style. Factors associated with work hours were analyzed.

Results
Approximately 40% and 10% of pediatricians and OB/GYNs worked ≥60 h/week and ≥80 h/week, respectively. Their weekly working hours were significantly positively associated with the number of nights and holidays worked and concurrent medical facilities they worked at. Multiple regression models showed that weekly working hours were significantly associated with working at night and day-off duties and the number of working medical institutions being worked at concurrently. Pediatricians and OB/GYNs who worked ≥60 h/week were not implementing a “multiple attending physician system” or “on-call system,” and task-shifting/task-sharing was inadequate. A significantly higher proportion of physicians who worked long hours (≥60 h/week or ≥80 h/week) wanted to reduce the number of night and day-off duties and work hours compared with those who did not.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that many pediatricians and OB/GYNs work long hours, and it is essential to improve their work environment, including task-shifting/task-sharing. Further enhanced recruitment and retention of hospital pediatricians and OB/GYNs is required. A detailed and large-scale study of pediatricians and OB/GYNs’ working environments is essential in the future.
Absolute and relative intensities of solo, free-form dancing in adults: A pilot study
Authors: McCullough Aston K. 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Engaging in dance of various styles confers health benefits among adults; however, additional studies on free-form dancing are needed to quantify its intensity and advance research on dance and health. This study characterized the absolute and relative physical activity (PA) intensities of solo, free-form dancing at self-determined moderate and vigorous intensities in adults.

Method
Participants (N = 48) ages 18 to 83 years old, with 0 to 56 years of dance training experience, engaged in 5-minute free-form dance bouts at respectively self-determined moderate and vigorous intensities, both with and without music. Absolute intensity was measured during bouts using indirect calorimetry (metabolic equivalents; METs = V˙O2 ml·kg-1·min-1/3.5). Relative intensity was measured by ratings of perceived exertion (Borg scale) and heart rate. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess the relationship between absolute and relative intensity metrics and model covariates.

Results
On average, the relative intensity of self-determined moderate-to-vigorous intensity dancing, with and without music, was 76% of the age-predicted maximal heart rate; 74% of the heart rate reserve (HRR); and 13 on the Borg scale. By measure of %HRR, all adults reached at least a moderate PA intensity across all dance bouts. The mean absolute intensity of self-determined moderate intensity free-form dancing without music was 5.6 METs, and the presence of music (β = 0.6) and the intention to dance at a vigorous intensity (β = 1.1) were both significantly positively associated with METs, as participants engaged in free-form dance; METs were significantly inversely associated with age (β = -0.05) and BMI (β = -0.10).

Conclusions
When characterized using HRR, engaging in free-form dance at self-determined moderate-to-vigorous PA intensities provided a sufficient stimulus for all adults to reach a moderate PA intensity, which provides evidence that dancing however one wishes at such perceived intensities may support adults in accumulating the recommended weekly dose of 3150 minutes of moderate intensity PA.
Multi-session adaptation to audiovisual and sensorimotor biofeedback is heterogeneous among adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Spomer Alyssa M. , Conner Benjamin C. , Schwartz Michael H. , Lerner Zachary F. , Steele Katherine M. 
Published: November 2024

Background
There is growing interest in the use of biofeedback-augmented gait training in cerebral palsy (CP). Audiovisual, sensorimotor, and immersive biofeedback paradigms are commonly used to elicit short-term gait improvements; however, outcomes remain variable. Because biofeedback training requires that individuals have the capacity to both adapt their gait in response to feedback and retain improvements across sessions, changes in either capacity may affect outcomes. Yet, neither has been explored extensively in CP.

Methods
In this study, we evaluated the extent to which adolescents with CP (7M/1F; 14 years (12.5,15.26)) could adapt gait and retain improvements across four, 20-minute sessions using combined audiovisual and sensorimotor biofeedback. Both systems were designed to target plantarflexor activity. Audiovisual biofeedback displayed real-time soleus activity and sensorimotor biofeedback was provided using a bilateral resistive ankle exoskeleton. We quantified the time-course of change in muscle activity within and across sessions and overground walking function before and after the four sessions.

Results
All individuals were able to significantly increase soleus activity from baseline using multimodal biofeedback (p < 0.031) but demonstrated heterogeneous adaptation strategies. In-session soleus adaptation had a moderate positive correlation with short-term retention of the adapted gait patterns (0.40 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.81), but generally weak correlations with baseline walking function (GMFCS Level) and motor control complexity (ρ ≤ 0.43). The latter indicates that adaptation capacity may be a critical and unique metric underlying response to biofeedback. Notably, in-session gains did not correspond to significant improvements in overground walking function (p > 0.11).

Conclusions
This work suggests that individuals with CP have the capacity to adapt their gait using biofeedback, but responses are highly variable. Characterizing the factors driving adaptation to biofeedback may be a promising avenue to understand the heterogeneity of existing biofeedback training outcomes and inform future system optimization for integration into clinical care.
Changes in immune cell populations during acclimatization to high altitude
Authors: Pham Kathy , Vargas Abel , Frost Shyleen , Shah Saheli , Heinrich Erica C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe immune response to acute hypoxemia may play a critical role in high‐altitude acclimatization and adaptation. However, if not properly controlled, hypoxemia‐induced inflammation may exacerbate high‐altitude pathologies, such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), or other hypoxia‐related clinical conditions. Several studies report changes in immune cell subsets at high altitude. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes, and if these alterations are beneficial or maladaptive, remains unknown. To address this, we performed multiparameter flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected throughout 3 days of high‐altitude acclimatization in healthy sea‐level residents (n = 20). Additionally, we conducted in vitro stimulation assays to test if high‐altitude hypoxia exposure influences responses of immune cells to subsequent inflammatory stimuli. We found several immune populations were altered at high altitude, including monocytes, T cells, and B cells. Some changes in immune cell populations are potentially correlated with AMS incidence and severity. In vitro high‐altitude PBMC cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed no changes in pro‐inflammatory cytokine production after 1 day at high‐altitude. However, by day three pro‐inflammatory cytokine production in response to LPS decreased significantly. These results indicate that high‐altitude exposure may initiate an inflammatory response that encompasses innate immune sensitization, with adaptive immune suppression following acclimatization.
ARQUEOLOGIA DA RESISTÊNCIA ESCRAVA
Authors: Jr Charles Orser , Funari Pedro Paulo de Abreu 
Published: November 2024

RESUMO:A Arqueologia da escravidão no Novo Mundo tem expandido exponencialmente durante as duas últimas décadas tornando-se, provavelmente, a área de maior influência dentro da Arqueologia Histórica na atualidade. Como parte do esforço dessa pesquisa, arqueólogos têm examinado vários tipos de sítios e realizado diversas e importantes contribuições para a literatura. Tem-se estudado, mas não com muita freqüência, sítios relacionados a escravos fugidos. Argumentamos que a arqueologia da resistência e rebelião escrava deveria constituir um elemento chave para a Arqueologia da escravidão no Novo Mundo e nós propugnamos a escavação dos quilombos como arenas excelentes para tal estudo. Apresentamos um exemplo de Palmares, no nordeste do Brasil, como parte dessa pesquisa. ABSTRACT:The archaeology of New World slavery has exponentially expanded during the past two decades to become perhaps the most influential area within today’s historical archaeology. As part of this research endeavor, archaeologists have examined many kinds of sites and have made diverse and important contributions to the literature. Sites associated with fugitive slaves have been studied, but not as frequently. We argue that the archaeology of slave resistance and rebellion should be a key element of New World slave archaeology, and we promote the excavation of runaway polities, or maroons, as excellent arenas for such a study. We present an example from Palmares in northeastern Brazil as part of this exploration.
IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Phthalates disrupt female reproductive health: a call for enhanced investigation into mixtures
Authors: Land Katie L , Ghuneim Sundus M , Williams Brittney A , Hannon Patrick R 
Published: November 2024

In briefExposure to phthalates, known endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), is ubiquitous, but the effects on women’s reproductive health are largely unknown. This review summarizes the literature investigating associations between phthalate exposures and clinical reproductive outcomes and reproductive disease states in women, and it emphasizes the need to investigate the effects of phthalate mixtures on women’s reproductive health.AbstractDaily exposure to a mixture of phthalates is unavoidable in humans and poses a risk to reproductive health because they are known EDCs. Specific to female reproductive health, the literature has linked phthalate exposure to impairments in ovarian function, uterine function, pregnancy outcomes and endocrine signaling in the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. However, limitations of these studies are that they primarily focus on single-phthalate exposures in animal models. Thus, the effects of real-life exposures to mixtures of phthalates and the clinical and translational impacts on reproductive function in women are largely unknown. This review summarizes the recent literature specifically investigating associations between phthalate mixture exposures and clinical reproductive outcomes and reproductive disease states in women. Because these studies are scarce, they are supplemented with the literature utilizing single-phthalate analyses in women and mechanistic basic science studies using phthalate mixture exposures. Main findings from the literature suggest that elevated phthalate exposure is associated with altered menstrual cyclicity, altered pubertal timing, disrupted ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis, ovarian disorders including primary ovarian insufficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine disorders including endometriosis and leiomyomas, poor in vitro fertilization outcomes and poor pregnancy outcomes. There is an urgent need to better incorporate phthalate mixtures in epidemiology (mixture analyses) and basic science (direct exposures) study designs. Furthermore, as exposure to multiple phthalates is ubiquitous, elucidating the mechanism of phthalate mixture toxicities is paramount for improving women’s reproductive health.
Politinė sumaištis: ar egzistuoja sensus communis (post)politikoje?
Authors: Aleknavičiūtė Ineta 
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses on different concepts of sensus communis and their relationship with the conditions of political reality. An attempt is made to show that Gadamer’s and Arendt’s political conception of sensus communis is too dependent on political conditions and the homogeneity and unity of the community, and thus cannot exist under post-political conditions. The paper seeks to defend Immanuel Kant’s aesthetic conception of sensus communis, demonstrating that the disinterested judgment of beauty exists regardless of political circumstances. Based on this, the paper reviews practices existing in post-politics that attempt to use the aesthetic understanding of sensus communis for the purposes of political unity. It also draws attention to the understanding of sensus communis in different contexts, arguing that the concept and its interpretation often become obscured across various contexts.
Trends in Sickle Cell Disease Mortality: 1979–2020
Authors: Karkoska Kristine A. , McGann Patrick T. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Although sickle cell disease (SCD)-related childhood mortality in the United States significantly improved in the 1990s, unclear is the trend in SCD-related mortality more recently given the continued disparities faced by this minoritized population. In this analysis, we aimed to (1) compare the overall and age-specific mortality rates from 1999 to 2009 vs 2010 to 2020 with a particular focus on the age of transition and (2) determine the most common causes of death for the US SCD population for 2010 to 2020.

METHODS
We analyzed publicly available data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database, a compilation of national-level mortality statistics from 1979 to 2020 derived from death certificates compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. We searched by all individuals of all ethnicities, sexes, and ages using the underlying cause of death.

RESULTS
The crude mortality rate for individuals with SCD for 2010 to 2020 was 1.6 per 1 000 000 individuals, which was significantly lower than the period 1999 to 2009 (crude rate 1.7 per 1 000 000, P &lt; .0001). In addition, the mean age at mortality of those with SCD was older in 2010 to 2020 (43 years) versus 1999 to 2009 (39 years). However, there remains a significant increase in mortality rate in the 20 to 24 year age group versus 15 to 19 years (1.7 per 1 000 000 versus 0.7 per 1 000 000, P &lt; .0001), corresponding with the age of transition from pediatric to adult centers. In addition, 39% of underlying causes of death were not caused by SCD, but rather primarily chronic conditions, including cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, malignancy, and renal disease. The study has several limitations mostly because of the imperfections of administrative data sources, including inaccuracies in diagnoses codes, risking over or undercounting.

CONCLUSIONS
Although the US SCD-related mortality rate continues to decrease, the age of transition to adult care is a particularly vulnerable time in the lives of this marginalized group. Innovative and expanded approaches to care are greatly needed.
Effect of storage temperature on thyme and bay laurel essential oil emulsions as preservatives against foodborne pathogens in cooked chicken
Authors: Gasmi K. , Lahreche T. , Madani Z. , Bensid A. , Benamara R.N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the impact of storage temperature on the antimicrobial activity of essential oil emulsions of Thymus vulgaris L. (TEOE) and Laurus nobilis (LEOE) at 0.6% against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579), and Listeria innocua (ATCC 33090) inoculated onto cooked chicken breast to simulate post-cooking contamination. Samples stored under: T3 (regular storage at 3 ± 0.5 °C), T8 (inadequate storage 8 ± 1 °C), and T3A (refrigerated storage with simulated temperature abuse at 25 ± 1 °C). Microbial analysis and sensory evaluations were carried out at 0, 24, 36, 72, and 120 h of storage. The GC-MS analysis showed that carvacrol 31.97% and eucalyptol 41.16% were the main components in TEO and LEO, respectively. Storage temperature influenced the antibacterial effect of EOE. TEOE exhibited greater effectiveness at T8 compared to T3, reducing microbial counts to 1 log CFU g−1. Conversely, LEOE demonstrated superior efficacy under T3 in most instances and received a higher acceptability score. Additionally, at T3A, both emulsions demonstrated comparable effectiveness against all bacterial strains, although a slight reduction in antimicrobial proprieties were noted after simulated temperature abuse at 24 h. Therefore, the optimal combination for preserving cooked chicken meat is TEOE under T8 or LEOE under T3; assuming post-cooking contamination.
Pulmonary malakoplakia due to Prescottella (Rhodococcus) soli in a renal transplant recipient: First reported case
Authors: Jordan Victoria , Mallawathantri Sugamya , Akram Ayesha , Varadhan Hemalatha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrescottella (Rhodococcus) soli is a soil-dwelling organism not previously thought to be pathogenic in humans. We discuss the case of a 78-year-old male renal transplant recipient presenting with respiratory symptoms and multiple pulmonary nodules, found to be pulmonary malakoplakia secondary to infection with Prescottella (Rhodococcus) soli. Treatment was commenced with vancomycin, meropenem and azithromycin for an induction period of two weeks and continued with indefinite oral moxifloxacin and azithromycin with significant clinical improvement. Although rare, Prescottella species, including Prescottella soli, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules, particularly in immunocompromised patients. More data is required to inform optimal treatment.
Efflux pumps: gatekeepers of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Authors: Sinha Shweta , Aggarwal Shifu , Singh Durg Vijai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus, a versatile human pathogen, poses a significant challenge in healthcare settings due to its ability to develop antibiotic resistance and form robust biofilms. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying the antibiotic resistance is crucial for effective infection treatment and control. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted roles of efflux pumps in S. aureus, with a focus on their contribution to antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. Efflux pumps, integral components of the bacterial cell membrane, are responsible for expelling a wide range of toxic substances, including antibiotics, from bacterial cells. By actively extruding antibiotics, these pumps reduce intracellular drug concentrations, rendering antibiotics less effective. Moreover, efflux pumps have emerged as significant contributors to both antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in S. aureus. Biofilms, structured communities of bacterial cells embedded in a protective matrix, enable S. aureus to adhere to surfaces, evade host immune responses, and resist antibiotic therapy. Efflux pumps play a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of S. aureus biofilms. However, the interplay between efflux pumps, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation remains unexplored in S. aureus. This review aims to elucidate the complex relationship between efflux pumps, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in S. aureus with the aim to aid in the development of potential therapeutic targets for combating S. aureus infections, especially those associated with biofilms. The insights provided herein may contribute to the advancement of novel strategies to overcome antibiotic resistance and disrupt biofilm formation in this clinically significant pathogen.
On Algorithmically Determined Versus Traditional Macroseismic Intensity Assignments
Authors: Hough Susan E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The utility of macroseismic data, defined as the effects of earthquakes on humans and the built environment, has been increasingly recognized following the advent of online systems that now produce unprecedented volumes of macroseismic intensity information. Contributed reports from the U.S. Geological Survey “Did You Feel It?” (DYFI) system (Wald et al., 1999) are used to generate intensity values with an algorithm based on seminal work by Dengler and Dewey (1998). The algorithm was developed initially to reproduce intensity values assigned by expert opinion using questionnaire results collected by telephone survey. In this article, I discuss reasons why intensity values from (self-selected) DYFI responses can differ from values that would be assigned by expert opinion given more complete data from randomly selected participants. For example, with the data used by Dengler and Dewey (1998), intensities near 4 could be determined from the percentage of people who felt shaking in each town. With less spatially rich data from self-selected participants, this percentage often cannot be determined reliably. Audible noises are key additional diagnostic criteria for modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) 4, but, although the DYFI system includes a question about noise, following Dengler and Dewey (1998), the DYFI algorithm does not include a noise indicator. At the upper end of the scale, as defined the DYFI algorithm yields a maximum intensity value of 9.05, nominally corresponding to peak ground acceleration of 75%g. These and other factors can result in DYFI values that are low compared to traditional MMI values assigned using expert opinion, even absent factors that can bias traditional MMI assignments. Modern ground-motion intensity conversion equations determined using DYFI intensities are expected to be appropriate for DYFI intensities, but the results of this study suggest that biases may be introduced if DYFI and traditional intensities are assumed to be interchangeable.
Консенсус по лечению больных псевдомиксомой брюшины
Authors: Калинин А. Е. , Гущин В. , Доманский А. А. , Кузнецова О. А. , Шаленков В. А. , Абудеев С. А. , Козлов Н. А. , Колышкин В. А. , Привалов А. В. , Рыбаков Е. Г. , Абгарян М. Г. , Сушков О. И. 
Published: November 2024

Введение: Лечение больных псевдомиксомой брюшины — одна из сложных и нерешенных проблем в онкологии. В отечественной медицинской литературе тема псевдомиксомы брюшины представлена единичными разрозненными публикациями. В основных зарубежных национальных клинических руководствах данная тема также не освещена. Основными документами, определяющими подходы к лечению псевдомиксомы брюшины, являются национальные консенсусы. Настоящий Консенсус является первой попыткой предложить стандартизованные подходы к проблеме псевдомиксомы брюшины в России.Методы: Настоящий Консенсус принят на основании анализа литературных данных, анализа известных зарубежных консенсусов, а также в результате серии обсуждений с участием специалистов, имеющих значительный личный опыт в диагностике и лечении псевдомиксомы брюшины.Результаты: Итоговый документ Консенсуса представлен в формате расширенных клинических рекомендаций, освещающих все аспекты данной патологии — эпидемиологию, патогенез, классификацию, клиническую картину, диагностику, и возможные варианты лечения, наблюдение после лечения и организационные вопросы.Заключение: Настоящий Консенсус создан с целью предложить практикующим врачам оптимальную стратегию лечения псевдомиксомы брюшины, а также информировать врачей (как онкологов, так и общего профиля) об особенностях данной редкой патологии.