bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early and late dot‐probe attentional bias to mild and high threat pictures: Relations with EEG theta/beta ratio, self‐reported trait attentional control, and trait anxiety
Authors: van Son Dana , Angelidis Angelos , Hagenaars Muriel A. , van der Does Willem , Putman Peter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFrontal EEG theta/beta ratio (TBR; negatively associated with attentional control, or AC) was previously reported to moderate threat‐level dependent attentional bias in a pictorial dot‐probe task, interacting with trait anxiety. Unexpectedly, this was independent from processing stage (using cue‐target delays of 200 and 500 ms) and also not observed for self‐reported trait AC. We therefore aimed to replicate these effects of TBR and trait anxiety and to test if effects of early versus late processing stages are evident for shorter cue‐target delays. This study also revisited the hypothesis that TBR and self‐reported trait AC show similar effects. Fifty‐three participants provided measurements of frontal TBR, self‐reported trait AC, trait anxiety, and dot‐probe task bias for mild and high threat pictures using the same dot‐probe task, but this time with 80‐ and 200‐ms cue‐target delays. Results indicated that higher TBR predicted more attention to mild than high threat, but this was independent from trait anxiety or delay. Lower self‐reported trait AC predicted more attention to mild than high threat, only after 200 ms (also independent of trait anxiety). We conclude that the moderating effect of TBR on threat‐level dependent dot‐probe task bias was replicated, but not the role of trait anxiety, and this study partially confirms that effects of trait AC are more dominant in later processing.
Life cycle assessments of aquaculture systems: a critical review of reported findings with recommendations for policy and system development
Authors: Bohnes Florence Alexia , Hauschild Michael Zwicky , Schlundt Jørgen , Laurent Alexis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aquaculture sector is anticipated to be a keystone in food production systems in the coming decades. However, it is associated with potentially important environmental damages caused by its contribution to eutrophication or climate change, for example. To comprehensively quantify those impacts, life cycle assessment (LCA) studies have been conducted on several seafood farming systems for the past 15 years. But, what major findings and common trends can we draw from this pool of studies? What can we learn to provide recommendations to decision and policymakers in the aquaculture sector? To address these questions, we performed a critical review of 65 LCA studies of aquaculture systems from the open literature. We conducted quantitative analyses to explore which impacts can be identified as dominating and to compare different types of aquaculture systems. Our results evidenced that the feed production is a key driver for climate change, acidification, cumulative energy use and net primary production use, while the farming process is a key driver for eutrophication. We also found that different aquaculture systems and technology components may exert considerably different environmental impacts. Based on identified patterns and comparisons, we therefore provided specific recommendations to aquaculture stakeholders for future policy and system development. Overall, the analysis of existing studies demonstrates that important insights can be gained by applying LCA to aquaculture systems, and, to move towards an environmentally sustainable aquaculture sector, we recommend its systematic use in the design of new aquaculture systems or policies, and/or in the evaluation and optimization of existing ones.
Calcium chloride combined with dimethyl sulphoxide for the chemical sterilization of dogs
Authors: Silva Renata C. A. , Paranzini Cristiane S. , Franco Leandro G. , Miguel Marina P. , Honsho Cristiane S. , Souza Fabiana F. 
Published: August 2018

ContentsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intratesticular injection of calcium chloride (CaCl2) combined with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as a chemical sterilization in dogs. Twelve dogs were divided into two groups: the treated group (n = 6), in which 15 mg/kg of a 7.5% CaCl2solution combined with 0.5% DMSO was injected into each testicle (volume range 1.0‐4.76 ml); and a control group (n = 6) that received the same volume/kg of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (NaCl). Semen characteristics pre‐ and post‐treatment were evaluated. Serum testosterone concentration was determined before the injection (D‐1) and at 15 (D15), 30 (D30) and 60 (D60) days after intratesticular injection. Testicle sizes and local pain were evaluated for 7 consecutive days (D1 to D7) and at D15, D30 and D60 after injection. At D60, testicle histological evaluation was performed after orchiectomy. No pain was observed by testicular palpation, with the exception of one dog in the treated group; this dog then received analgesic therapy. An increase in testicular volume was evident within 24 hr after treatment, followed by gradual reduction for 3 weeks. Five of 6 dogs from the treated group presented azoospermia at D15; the remaining dog presented at D30. There was no significant difference in testosterone concentrations in the treated group during the experimental period. Histological evaluation showed testicular degenerative lesions, especially at the proximal and middle portions. The results indicated that one injection of 7.5% CaCl2combined with 0.5% DMSO into each testis is a viable alternative for canine sterilization.
Fluid Inclusions, Stable Isotopes, and Geochronology of the Haobugao Lead‐Zinc Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Chengyang , Li Jianfeng , Wang Keyong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Haobugao deposit, located in the southern segment of the Great Xing'an Range, is a famous skarn‐related Pb‐Zn‐(Cu)‐(Fe) deposit in northern China. The results of our fluid inclusion research indicate that garnets of the early stage (I skarn stage) contain three types of fluid inclusions (consistent with the Mesozoic granites): vapor‐rich inclusions (type LV, with VH2O/(VH2O + LH2O) < 50 vol %, and the majority are 5–25 vol %), liquid‐rich two‐phase aqueous inclusions (type VL, with VH2O/(VH2O + LH2O) > 50 vol %, the majority are 60–80 vol %), and halite‐bearing multiphase inclusions (type SL). These different types of fluid inclusions are totally homogenized at similar temperatures (around 320–420°C), indicating that the ore‐forming fluids of the early mineralization stage may belong to a boiling fluid system. The hydrothermal fluids of the middle mineralization stage (II, magnetite‐quartz) are characterized by liquid‐rich two‐phase aqueous inclusions (type VL, homogenization temperatures of 309–439°C and salinities of 9.5–14.9 wt % NaCl eqv.) that coexist with vapor‐rich inclusions (type LV, homogenization temperatures of 284–365°C and salinities of 5.2–10.4 wt % NaCl eqv.). Minerals of the late mineralization stage (III sulfide‐quartz stage and IV sulfide‐calcite stage) only contain liquid‐rich aqueous inclusions (type VL). These inclusions are totally homogenized at temperatures of 145–240°C, and the calculated salinities range from 2.0 to 12.6 wt % NaCl eqv. Therefore, the ore‐forming fluids of the late stage are NaCl‐H2O‐type hydrothermal solutions of low to medium temperature and low salinity. The δD values and calculated δ18OSMOW values of ore‐forming fluids of the deposit are in the range of −4.8 to 2.65‰ and −127.3‰ to −144.1‰, respectively, indicating that ore‐forming fluids of the Haobugao deposit originated from the mixing of magmatic fluid and meteoric water. The S‐Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides indicate that the ore‐forming materials are mainly derived from underlying magma. Zircon grains from the mineralization‐related granite in the mining area yield a weighted 206Pb/238U mean age of 144.8 ±0.8 Ma, which is consistent with a molybdenite Re‐Os model age (140.3 ±3.4 Ma). Therefore, the Haobugao deposit formed in the Early Cretaceous, and it is the product of a magmatic hydrothermal system.
Politics and Processes of Nation‐Building During and After Empire: A Review of the Irish Case through an Examination of School Textbooks
Authors: O'Connell Judith 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine how the nation is taught, and retaught (with an emphasis on changing narratives of the nation), through the education system. Developments such as the printing press, modern communication methods, and a national education system are vital to this process. Therefore, an analysis of state‐provided education garners insights into how nationalism is partially driven or motivated. By focusing on the Irish case it is possible to discern contrasting examples from colonial and post‐colonial timeframes. Consequently, we are provided with instances of adjusting nationalist rhetoric, delivering evidence of how past events are narrated in accordance with present concerns. This will be achieved through a comparison of historical depictions in textbooks in Ireland whilst under the control of the British Empire and directly post‐independence. Accordingly, two topics have been highlighted for this analysis. The first is the matter of empire and how it is viewed firstly under British rule and then under the Irish Free State. The second focus is the Irish Famine, and its depictions across the same two timeframes. These two subjects have been chosen for scrutiny as they are matters which lie at the very core of Irish national identity, both historically and to the present day.
Psychological momentum: The phenomenology of goal pursuit
Authors: Briki Walid , Markman Keith D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPsychological momentum (PM) is thought to be a force that influences judgment, emotion, and performance. Based on a review of the extant literature, we elucidate two distinct approaches that researchers have adopted in their study of PM: the input‐centered approach and the output‐centered approach. Consistent with the input‐centered approach, we conceptualize PM as a process whereby temporal and contextual PM‐like stimuli (i.e., perceptual velocity, perceptual mass, perceptual historicity, and perceptually interconnected timescales)—initially perceived as an impetus—are extrapolated to imagined future outcomes through mental simulation. In turn, and consistent with the output‐centered approach, we posit that mental simulation elicits experiential (e.g., perceptual, cognitive, emotional) and behavioral states that govern goal pursuit, and that the pursuit of goals further influences perceptions of self, environment, and action quality. In all, we suggest that PM is interdependently linked to perceptions and behaviors in the sense that PM both influences and is influenced by changes in self‐perceptions, environmental perceptions, and behavior, and we conclude by linking the PM construct to recent work on prospection.
Methodology for payment for ecosystem services based on the concept of land use and management capability
Authors: Monteiro L. I. B. , Pruski F. F. , Calegario A. T. , Oliveira A. N. G. , Pereira S. B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlobal population growth drives the increase in demand for water and food. Consequently, there is a build‐up of pressure for land use for agricultural production, creating the necessity of sacrificing areas previously occupied by the native land cover to create production areas. However, globally, the possibilities of agricultural frontier expansion are limited, and agricultural expansion activities conducted without adequate planning can accelerate the erosive processes that decrease the potential land production capability. In an attempt to attenuate environmental imbalances, payment for ecosystem services (PES) programmes have been created, highlighting the possibility of their being applied in the agricultural sector. This study developed a methodology for PES that follows the basic principles of the land use capability classification system proposed by the United States Department of Agriculture. However, the study aimed to make the classification process operational in a way that notes the conditions in which a rural property maintains its production capability without jeopardizing its environmental role. In this way, it is possible to evaluate whether a rural property is suitable to receive PES. To detail the steps for applying the methodology, a case study was conducted on a rural property in the town of Itabira, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
Association of HIV status with infection by multiple HPV types
Authors: Camargo Milena , Del Río‐Ospina Luisa , Soto‐De León Sara Cecilia , Sánchez Ricardo , Pineda‐Peña Andrea Clemencia , Sussmann Otto , Patarroyo Manuel Elkin , Patarroyo Manuel Alfonso 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the clinical and demographic characteristics of HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women infected by multiple HPV types.Methods1399 women participated in the study (240 HIV‐positive and 1159 HIV‐negative women). Samples were provided for Pap tests and for HPV detection and typing by PCR. Data were collected on HPV infection, frequency of multiple infection, and HPV type distribution. Odds ratios were reported from logistic regression models.ResultsCompared with HIV‐negative women, HIV‐positive women had higher frequencies of cervical abnormality (30% vs. 20.8%), higher HPV prevalence (68.3% vs. 51.3%) and were more commonly infected with multiple HPV types (78.7% vs. 44.3%). HPV‐16 was the most common type detected in the study population, with other types showing variable associations with HIV status. Positive associations were observed between infection by multiple HPV types and HIV status, cervical abnormality and having had more than three pregnancies. The odds of multiple infection by HPV types were higher in HIV‐positive women who used an intrauterine device, who had a history of abortions and who had HIV viral loads >100 000 copies/ml, whilst the odds were lower in women with >500 CD4 cells/mm3.ConclusionsHIV immunosuppression favours infection by multiple high‐risk HPV types, mainly in women affected by low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Antiretroviral therapy had no effect on infection by multiple HPV types. Risk factors related to progressive damage to the cervix were positively associated with infection by multiple HPV types in women living with HIV.
Retrospective evaluation of feline rodenticide exposure and gastrointestinal decontamination: 146 cases (2000–2010)
Authors: Walton Karie L. , Otto Cynthia M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of rodenticide exposure in cats, describe the use of gastrointestinal decontamination (GID) after rodenticide exposure, and examine the efficacy of GID following exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides (ACR).DesignRetrospective study from 2000–2010.SettingEmergency service of an urban university teaching hospital.AnimalsOne hundred forty‐six cats presented for rodenticide exposure.Main ResultsAnnually, the number of cats that were presented for rodenticide exposure averaged 13 of 3,336 (0.39%) and totaled 146 cases over 11 years. Cats that had been exposed to rodenticide were significantly more likely to be young (P< 0.001), sexually intact (P< 0.001), and presented in the fall season (P= 0.002). The majority of cats lived indoors (67.6%). The type of rodenticide involved in the exposure was unknown in 50% (71/142) of cases. Of the known types, ACRs were most common (59/142, 41.5%) followed by cholecalciferol (7/142, 4.9%) and bromethalin (5/142, 3.5%). Gastrointestinal decontamination was attempted in 21/36 (58%) cats with exposure to a known ACR. Emesis was attempted in 17/21 (81%) and charcoal administered in 14/21 (67%) cats that underwent GID. This study did not detect an effect of GID efforts on prothrombin time (PT) prolongation 48 hours after exposure to a known ACR.ConclusionsCats consume rodenticides. Due to the lack of evidence of altered outcome associated with GID in cats exposed to ACRs, a PT should be evaluated 48 hours after first exposure regardless of whether GID is performed. Treatment should be based on the results of the PT. Gastrointestinal decontamination should be performed at the clinician's discretion based on history, risks, calculated toxic dose, low prevalence of ACR toxicosis in cats, general resistance of cats to ACR toxicosis, and treatment options.
Specialized mechanoreceptor systems in rodent glabrous skin
Authors: Walcher Jan , Ojeda‐Alonso Julia , Haseleu Julia , Oosthuizen Maria K. , Rowe Ashlee H. , Bennett Nigel C. , Lewin Gary R. 
Published: August 2018

Key points
An ex vivo preparation was developed to record from single sensory fibres innervating the glabrous skin of the mouse forepaw.
The density of mechanoreceptor innervation of the forepaw glabrous skin was found to be three times higher than that of hindpaw glabrous skin.
Rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors that innervate Meissner's corpuscles were severalfold more responsive to slowly moving stimuli in the forepaw compared to those innervating hindpaw skin.
We found a distinct group of small hairs in the centre of the mouse hindpaw glabrous skin that were exclusively innervated by directionally sensitive D‐hair receptors.
The directional sensitivity, but not the end‐organ anatomy, were the opposite to D‐hair receptors in the hairy skin.
Glabrous skin hairs in the hindpaw are not ubiquitous in rodents, but occur in African and North American species that diverged more than 65 million years ago.
AbstractRodents use their forepaws to actively interact with their tactile environment. Studies on the physiology and anatomy of glabrous skin that makes up the majority of the forepaw are almost non‐existent in the mouse. Here we developed a preparation to record from single sensory fibres of the forepaw and compared anatomical and physiological receptor properties to those of the hindpaw glabrous and hairy skin. We found that the mouse forepaw skin is equipped with a very high density of mechanoreceptors; >3 times more than hindpaw glabrous skin. In addition, rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors that innervate Meissner's corpuscles of the forepaw were severalfold more sensitive to slowly moving mechanical stimuli compared to their counterparts in the hindpaw glabrous skin. All other mechanoreceptor types as well as myelinated nociceptors had physiological properties that were invariant regardless of which skin area they occupied. We discovered a novel D‐hair receptor innervating a small group of hairs in the middle of the hindpaw glabrous skin in mice. These glabrous skin D‐hair receptors were direction sensitive albeit with an orientation sensitivity opposite to that described for hairy skin D‐hair receptors. Glabrous skin hairs do not occur in all rodents, but are present in North American and African rodent species that diverged more than 65 million years ago. The function of these specialized hairs is unknown, but they are nevertheless evolutionarily very ancient. Our study reveals novel physiological specializations of mechanoreceptors in the glabrous skin that likely evolved to facilitate tactile exploration.
Acute hydrocortisone administration reduces cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability in young men
Authors: Adlan Ahmed M. , Veldhuijzen van Zanten Jet J. C. S. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Paton Julian F. R. , Kitas George D. , Fisher James P. 
Published: August 2018

Key pointsA surge in cortisol during acute physiological and pathophysiological stress may precipitate ventricular arrhythmia and myocardial infarction.Reduced cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability are observed during acute stress and are associated with an increased risk of acute cardiac events.In the present study, healthy young men received either a singleivbolus of saline (placebo) or hydrocortisone, 1 week apart, in accordance with a randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study design.Hydrocortisone acutely increased heart rate and blood pressure and reduced cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability in young men.These findings suggest that, by reducing cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability, acute surges in cortisol facilitate a pro‐arrhythmic milieu and provide an important mechanistic link between stress and acute cardiac eventsAbstractSurges in cortisol concentration during acute stress may increase cardiovascular risk. To better understand the interactions between cortisol and the autonomic nervous system, we determined the acute effects of hydrocortisone administration on cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiovascular reactivity. In a randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐blinded cross‐over study, 10 healthy males received either a singleivbolus of saline (placebo) or 200 mg of hydrocortisone, 1 week apart. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and limb blood flow were monitored 3 h later, at rest and during the sequential infusion of sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine (modified Oxford Technique), a cold pressor test and a mental arithmetic stress task. HRV was assessed using the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between successive R‐R intervals (rMSSD). Hydrocortisone markedly increased serum cortisol 3 h following infusion and also compared to placebo. In addition, hydrocortisone elevated resting HR (+7 ± 4 beats min−1;P < 0.001) and systolic BP (+5 ± 5 mmHg;P = 0.008); lowered cardiovagal BRS [geometric mean (95% confidence interval) 15.6 (11.1–22.1) ms/mmHgvs. 26.2 (17.4––39.5) ms/mmHg,P = 0.011] and HRV (rMSSD 59 ± 29 msvs. 84 ± 38 ms,P = 0.004) and increased leg vasoconstrictor responses to cold pressor test (Δ leg vascular conductance −45 ± 20%vs. −23 ± 26%;P = 0.023). In young men, an acute cortisol surge is accompanied by increases in HR and BP, as well as reductions in cardiovagal BRS and HRV, potentially providing a pro‐arrhythmic milieu that may precipitate ventricular arrhythmia or myocardial infarction and increase cardiovascular risk.
Early postnatal growth failure in preterm infants is not inevitable
Authors: Andrews Edward Thomas , Ashton James John , Pearson Freya , Beattie R Mark , Johnson Mark John 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundPreviously published data have demonstrated that preterm infants experience a fall across marked centile lines for weight in early life with early poor head growth also reported. This study describes a single neonatal unit’s experience of longitudinal change in weight, head circumference (HC) and length in a cohort of preterm infants born <32 weeks’ gestation.MethodsData were collected from a single neonatal unit between July 2012 and June 2017. This period followed the introduction of improved nutritional guidelines. Patients were grouped according to their gestational age at birth. Growth lines were constructed for weight, HC and length in each gestational age group from the median measures and compared with reference centile lines.ResultsData were analysed from 396 patients consisting of 2808, 1991 and 2004 measures for weight, HC and length, respectively. Longitudinal growth plots did not show an initial absolute weight loss in any of the subgroups. Across all groups, the mean change in SD score between birth and 36 weeks was −0.27 (95% CI −0.39 to −0.15).ConclusionsThis description of longitudinal growth in a cohort of preterm infants demonstrates that early postnatal growth failure is not inevitable, with most infants growing along a trajectory close to their birth centile. There is no evidence of a 2 marked centile line weight decrease or weight loss. These data provide evidence to suggest that extrauterine weight gain tracking centile lines can be achieved.