bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predatory risk increased due to egg‐brooding in Armadillidium vulgare (Isopoda: Oniscidea)
Authors: Suzuki Seizi , Futami Kyoko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCost of reproduction is associated with a reduction in subsequent survival or future breeding success. A decrease in survival rate of parents during or after reproduction reduces the probability of their future reproduction. However, few studies have demonstrated such survival costs to parents. Females of Armadillidium vulgare hold their eggs in a marsupium and brood these until the young hatch. Caring for eggs in a marsupium seems to place a large burden on brooding females, and it restricts their predator avoidance behaviour. As such, costs of care may increase the mortality rates of brooding females. To reveal the costs of parental care, we examined the effects of egg brooding on behaviour and predation risk. Egg‐brooding females decreased speed of locomotion and rolling duration, and were killed by predators at a higher rate. Our results indicate that egg brooding in A. vulgare has costs in the form of predation risk.
Foraging plasticity in obligate corallivorous Melon butterflyfish across three recently bleached reefs
Authors: Zambre Amod M. , Arthur Rohan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBecause obligate corallivorous butterflyfish feed exclusively on coral polyps, they are particularly sensitive to changes in coral cover and its spatial distribution. To understand how such differences in coral cover influence obligate corallivores, we examined the densities and foraging behavior of Melon butterflyfish Chaetodon trifasciatus across three reefs in the Lakshadweep archipelago. These reefs suffered differential bleaching mortality after the 2010 El Niño Southern Oscillation, resulting in wide variation in coral cover and community composition. Despite these differences, C. trifasciatus were able to persist at similar densities across reefs. However, our analysis of high‐resolution video recordings of multiple focal fish revealed that time budgets, bite rates, and diet selectivity differed significantly. Fish in resource‐poor reefs spent more time moving between coral patches and less time foraging than ones in relatively resource‐rich reefs. We also found that fish in resource‐poor reefs had higher bite rates and were less selective in their foraging. Our results provide novel insights into how obligate corallivores cope with even large differences in resource availability. At a time when we are rapidly losing corals to repeated climate‐induced bleaching events, this flexibility may represent a critical mechanism that enables persistence of obligate corallivores in resource‐poor reefs, even if it does not guarantee longer‐term survival.
Multi‐trophic response to invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in a large floodplain river
Authors: DeBoer Jason A. , Anderson Alison M. , Casper Andrew F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Invasive species can produce complex and unpredictable effects across multiple trophic levels through a combination of direct and indirect pathways. Invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) exert substantial pressure on the link between primary production and intermediate trophic levels in large rivers of the Midwestern USA. The goal of our manuscript was to describe the silver carp population invasion in the Illinois River (Illinois, USA) and explore the potential effects of silver carp on the native biota.

We obtained 22 years of data from three long‐term monitoring programmes for phytoplankton, zooplankton, and age‐0 and adult native fishes. To determine when silver carp started affecting native biota, we used nonlinear regression to estimate the change point in silver carp biomass. We then used piecewise linear regression to separately model the response of phytoplankton and age‐0 and adult native fishes, using the model‐estimated change point in silver carp biomass. We tested for differences in taxon‐specific zooplankton density and biomass between pre‐ and post‐establishment periods using generalised linear models. To explore associations between native biota, silver carp and other potential drivers, we used single‐factor linear‐regression models in an information theoretic‐based approach.

Our analysis showed individual silver carp condition decreased while their population numbers and biomass increased during their establishment in the Illinois River. Concurrently, analysis of 22 years of producer and consumer abundance and biomass data shows phytoplankton density and macrozooplankton density and biomass decreased—zooplankton by over 90%—during the same period, though the responses of age‐0 native fish biomass and adult native fish biomass were more nuanced.

Our study provides compelling evidence of multiple trophic‐level effects from the silver carp invasion in North America and highlights the importance of long‐term data collection and monitoring. Our research shows managers that zooplankton and perhaps phytoplankton are quickly and negatively affected by silver carp, which may eventually cascade into higher trophic levels over longer timescales.
Alpine glacial relict species losing out to climate change: The case of the fragmented mountain hare population (Lepus timidus) in the Alps
Authors: Rehnus Maik , Bollmann Kurt , Schmatz Dirk R. , Hackländer Klaus , Braunisch Veronika 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlpine and Arctic species are considered to be particularly vulnerable to climate change, which is expected to cause habitat loss, fragmentation and—ultimately—extinction of cold‐adapted species. However, the impact of climate change on glacial relict populations is not well understood, and specific recommendations for adaptive conservation management are lacking. We focused on the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) as a model species and modelled species distribution in combination with patch and landscape‐based connectivity metrics. They were derived from graph‐theory models to quantify changes in species distribution and to estimate the current and future importance of habitat patches for overall population connectivity. Models were calibrated based on 1,046 locations of species presence distributed across three biogeographic regions in the Swiss Alps and extrapolated according to two IPCC scenarios of climate change (RCP 4.5 & 8.5), each represented by three downscaled global climate models. The models predicted an average habitat loss of 35% (22%–55%) by 2100, mainly due to an increase in temperature during the reproductive season. An increase in habitat fragmentation was reflected in a 43% decrease in patch size, a 17% increase in the number of habitat patches and a 34% increase in inter‐patch distance. However, the predicted changes in habitat availability and connectivity varied considerably between biogeographic regions: Whereas the greatest habitat losses with an increase in inter‐patch distance were predicted at the southern and northern edges of the species’ Alpine distribution, the greatest increase in patch number and decrease in patch size is expected in the central Swiss Alps. Finally, both the number of isolated habitat patches and the number of patches crucial for maintaining the habitat network increased under the different variants of climate change. Focusing conservation action on the central Swiss Alps may help mitigate the predicted effects of climate change on population connectivity.
Should Forecasters Use Real-Time Data to Evaluate Leading Indicator Models for GDP Prediction? German Evidence
Authors: Heinisch Katja , Scheufele Rolf 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate whether differences exist among forecasts using real-time or latest-available data to predict gross domestic product (GDP). We employ mixed-frequency models and real-time data to reassess the role of surveys and financial data relative to industrial production and orders in Germany. Although we find evidence that forecast characteristics based on real-time and final data releases differ, we also observe minimal impacts on the relative forecasting performance of indicator models. However, when obtaining the optimal combination of soft and hard data, the use of final release data may understate the role of survey information.
Individualized PK‐based prophylaxis in severe haemophilia
Authors: Dargaud Y. , Delavenne X. , Hart D.P. , Meunier S. , Mismetti P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryOver the past decades, haemophilia management has continually evolved, with prophylaxis now considered the treatment of choice. Prophylaxis primarily seeks to prevent bleeding and haemarthrosis episodes from occurring and avert the otherwise inevitable haemophilic arthropathy. Yet, numerous unanswered issues remain. These concern dose levels, dosing intervals, ways of integrating variability in bleeding phenotype, patient age, joint status, lifestyle, physical activity, treatment adherence and individual responses toFVIIIorFIXconcentrates. Individualized prophylaxis may thus be paramount. One crucial tool that may allow more accurate prophylaxis regimens to be implemented is the individual pharmacokinetic (PK) study. Therefore, physicians in charge of managing those living with haemophilia must be comfortable withPKprofiling in order to be in a position to tailor patients’ treatment, taking into accountPKdata, while minimizing patients’ inconvenience, discomfort, as well as, possibly, treatment costs. For optimization of prophylaxis, recent development of recombinant molecules with more attractivePKproperties, such as prolonged elimination half‐life, increases the choice of dosing regimens, enabling decreased frequency of dosing for some, if deemed appropriate. For each patient,PKparameters can be determined, including trough levels,AUC, and time spent under a predefined threshold, with additional pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters possibly established by means of a global coagulation test like the thrombin generation test. Most importantly, targetPK/PDparameters will need to consider clinical variables like patient age, body weight, joint status, treatment adherence, number of bleeding episodes, activity index or lifestyle.
In vitro characterization of MOD‐5014, a novel long‐acting carboxy‐terminal peptide (CTP)‐modified activated FVII
Authors: Bar‐Ilan A. , Livnat T. , Hoffmann M. , Binder L. , Zakar M. , Guy R. , Felikman Y. , Moschcovich L. , Shenkman B. , Monroe D. , Hershkovitz O. , Kenet G. , Hart G. 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionRecombinant FVIIa (rFVIIa) is an effective treatment for haemophilia through frequent administration. However, the short half‐life of rFVIIa decreases its prophylactic ability to reduce bleeding. Carboxy‐terminal peptide (CTP)‐modified FVIIa (MOD‐5014) is a long‐acting rFVIIa developed for on‐demand treatment of haemophilia using either an intravenous or subcutaneous injection with the aim of less frequent administrations, as well as for prophylactic use.AimThe comprehensive evaluation of the activity MOD‐5014 vs commercially available rhFVIIa, as well as their interaction with cofactors and inhibitors.MethodsThe in vitro characterization included clotting activity, affinity by surface plasmon resonance, cleavage of synthetic substrates, thrombin generation (TG) and rotation thromboelastometry.ResultsReduced specific activity was obtained for MOD‐5014 compared to rhFVIIa, while both compounds demonstrated comparable affinity to tissue factor (TF). MOD‐5014 showed reduced TG when spiked at a similar concentration as rhFVIIa, suggesting that an increased concentration might be needed in a clinical setting to provide initial haemostatic effect. MOD‐5014 demonstrated a slightly lower affinity for binding to activated platelets and slightly lower proteolytic activity on the platelet surface, possibly as the fusion of CTP has the potential to sterically hinder binding to both the platelet membrane and to protein substrates. Both compounds showed a similar dose‐dependent stimulatory effect on clot formation, and both showed a similar deactivation pattern following incubation with TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI), antithrombin and heparin.ConclusionThe comparable in vitro activity of MOD‐5014 and rhFVIIa paves the way for in vivo pharmacology evaluations of MOD‐5014 in preparation for clinical studies.
High birthweight is associated with increased prevalence of dental caries in Japanese children
Authors: Hisano K , Tanaka K , Nagata C , Arakawa M , Miyake Y 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe determined the prevalence of dental caries in 3‐year‐old Japanese children in a cross‐sectional study and analysed its associations with birthweight, gestational age and birthweight for gestational age among the study subjects.MethodsStudy subjects were 6327 children. Their parents or guardians completed our study questionnaire with information on birth conditions and oral examinations taken from their Maternal and Child Health Handbooks, as documented by medical personnel at the hospital, clinic or public health centre. Children with one or more primary teeth that had either decayed or been filled were categorized as having caries.ResultsThe prevalence of dental caries was 14.7%. We found a significant association between high birthweight (≥4000 g) and a higher prevalence of caries, compared with normal birthweight (2500‐3999 g). Low birthweight (<2500 g) was not associated with dental caries prevalence. In addition, no measurable associations between gestational age or birthweight for gestational age and caries prevalence were observed.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that high birthweight might increase the likelihood of dental caries in children.
Caring for a patient with delirium in an acute hospital: The lived experience of cardiology, elderly care, renal, and respiratory nurses
Authors: Brooke Joanne , Manneh Claire 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsTo explore the lived experience of caring for a patient during an acute episode of delirium by nurses working in cardiology, elderly care, renal, or respiratory specialities.BackgroundA missed or delayed diagnosis of delirium in an acute hospital setting adversely impacts on patient outcomes. Nurses are the best placed health care professionals to identify a change in patient's cognitive status but struggle to do so.DesignInductive interpretative phenomenology.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with nurses working in an acute hospital in England between November 2016 and March 2017 (n = 23). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsThree themes were identified: (i) “sometimes delirium is confusing”, difficultly in differentiating between delirium and dementia; (ii) “everyone in the ward was looking after him”, a need for collaborative working to provide harm free care; and (iii) “he was aggressive with us, but after treatment he was a gentleman”, acceptance and tolerance of aggression.ConclusionThe need for education across specialities, with a combination of classroom and simulation teaching. Alongside, the development of structures to support the development of nursing teamwork and reporting of near miss incidents that occur with patients during an episode of delirium.
How Do Workers’ Remittances Respond to Lending Rates?
Authors: Hassan Gazi M. , Holmes Mark J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe literature on migrants’ motivation to remit ranges from self‐interest to altruism where studies analyse the impact from home country interest rates or interest differentials between home and host countries. We reinterpret the interest rate elasticity of remittances as a form of debt‐repayment responsiveness rather than based on opportunistic motivation. Modelling altruistic transfer and debt‐repayment, we find that, for a panel of countries, the long‐run responsiveness of remittances to changes in real lending rates is negative. This suggests that an expansionary (contractionary) monetary policy is most likely to lead to an increase (reduction) in remittances in the long‐run. In contrast to this, the short‐run impact of interest rate changes on remittances is positive.
US Fiscal Policy and Asset Prices: The Role of Partisan Conflict
Authors: Gupta Rangan , Lau Chi Keung Marco , Miller Stephen M. , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFiscal policy shocks exert wide‐reaching effects, including movements in asset markets. US politics have been characterized historically by a high degree of partisan conflict. The combination of increasing polarization and divided government leads not only to significant Congressional gridlock, but also to spells of high fiscal policy uncertainty. This paper adds to the literature on the relationships between fiscal policy and asset prices in the US economy conditional on the degree of partisan conflict. We analyze whether a higher degree of partisan conflict (legislative gridlock) reduces the efficacy of the effect and response of fiscal policy on and to asset price movements, respectively. We find that partisan conflict does not significantly affect the relationships between the fiscal surplus to gross domestic product (GDP) and housing and equity returns. Rather, if important, partisan conflict affects the actual implementation of fiscal policy actions.
Enabling openness of valuable information resources: Curbing data subtractability and exclusion
Authors: Vassilakopoulou Polyxeni , Skorve Espen , Aanestad Margunn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper we investigate how data openness can be made possible in communal settings. We adopt a utility perspective that foregrounds the use value of data, conceptualizing them as “goods.” On the basis of this conceptualization we explore 2 key goods' attributes: subtractability and exclusion. Our theoretical basis is built upon concepts from the theory of the commons, power theorizing, and notions related to data and information. Empirically, we investigate openness in the genetics domain through a longitudinal study of the evolving communal infrastructure for data related to 2 genes influencing women's susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2). We follow the continuously shifting “topology” of the BRCA information infrastructure and trace the multiple repositories that are put in place and the different arrangements for data collection, curation/quality assurance, access, and control that are tried out. In our analysis, we illustrate the actors' strategies for curbing the subtractability and exclusion attributes of data. We then propose a theoretically informed and empirically grounded framework that can guide understanding and action taking to enable data openness.
Fabrication and properties of Cf/ZrC‐SiC‐based composites by an improved reactive melt infiltration
Authors: Ni De‐Wei , Wang Jing‐Xiao , Dong Shao‐Ming , Chen Xiao‐Wu , Kan Yan‐Mei , Zhou Hai‐Jun , Gao Le , Zhang Xiang‐Yu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCf/ZrC‐SiC composites with a density of 2.52 g/cm3 and a porosity of 1.68% were fabricated via reactive melt infiltration (RMI) of Si into nano‐porous Cf/ZrC‐C preforms. The nano‐porous Cf/ZrC‐C preforms were prepared through a colloid process, with a ZrC “protective coating” formed surrounding the carbon fibers. Consequently, highly dense Cf/ZrC‐SiC composites without evident fiber/interphase degradation were obtained. Moreover, abundant needle‐shaped ZrSi2 grains were formed in the composites. Benefiting from this unique microstructure, flexural strength, and elastic modulus of the composites are as high as 380 MPa and 61 GPa, respectively, which are much higher than Cf/ZrC‐SiC composites prepared by conventional RMI.
Nanostructural characterization of Al(OH)3 formed during the hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate cement
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Chang Jun , Zhao Jiuye , Fang Yanfeng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractYe'elimite (Ca4Al6SO16) is a main mineral in calcium sulfoaluminate cements. Aluminum hydroxide is one of the products formed by hydration of ye'elimite. To characterize this phase, various aluminum hydroxides were synthesized from their chemical constituents using sol‐gel processing and compared with the aluminum hydroxide formed during the hydration of ye'elimite. The nanostructure of aluminum hydroxide formed during the hydration of ye'elimite was investigated in detail using X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. No evidence was observed that indicated the existence of amorphous aluminum hydroxide in the hydration of ye'elimite. The pH values, thermogravimetric analysis, particle morphology, and Al‐O coordination indicated that the aluminum hydroxide from the hydration of ye'elimite had a crystal‐like structure. The X‐ray diffraction analysis, particle sizes, and ion activity product showed that the aluminum hydroxide from the hydration of ye'elimite had a microcrystalline structure.
Differences in proliferation rate between CADASIL and control vascular smooth muscle cells are related to increased TGFβ expression
Authors: Panahi Mahmod , Yousefi Mesri Naeimeh , Samuelsson Eva‐Britt , Coupland Kirsten G. , Forsell Charlotte , Graff Caroline , Tikka Saara , Winblad Bengt , Viitanen Matti , Karlström Helena , Sundström Erik , Behbahani Homira 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCerebral autosomal‐dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a familial fatal progressive degenerative disorder. One of the pathological hallmarks of CADASIL is a dramatic reduction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in cerebral arteries. Using VSMCs from the vasculature of the human umbilical cord, placenta and cerebrum of CADASIL patients, we found that CADASIL VSMCs had a lower proliferation rate compared to control VSMCs. Exposure of control VSMCs and endothelial cells (ECs) to media derived from CADASIL VSMCs lowered the proliferation rate of all cells examined. By quantitative RT‐PCR analysis, we observed increased Transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) gene expression in CADASIL VSMCs. Adding TGFβ‐neutralizing antibody restored the proliferation rate of CADASIL VSMCs. We assessed proliferation differences in the presence or absence of TGFβ‐neutralizing antibody in ECs co‐cultured with VSMCs. ECs co‐cultured with CADASIL VSMCs exhibited a lower proliferation rate than those co‐cultured with control VSMCs, and neutralization of TGFβ normalized the proliferation rate of ECs co‐cultured with CADASIL VSMCs. We suggest that increased TGFβ expression in CADASIL VSMCs is involved in the reduced VSMC proliferation in CADASIL and may play a role in situ in altered proliferation of neighbouring cells in the vasculature.