bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of western Mediterranean Cymbalaria (Plantaginaceae) reveals two independent long-distance dispersals and entails new taxonomic circumscriptions
Authors: Carnicero Pau , Schönswetter Peter , Fraga Arguimbau Pere , Garcia-Jacas Núria , Sáez Llorenç , Galbany-Casals Mercè 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Balearic Islands, Corsica and Sardinia (BCS) constitute biodiversity hotspots in the western Mediterranean Basin. Oligocene connections and long distance dispersal events have been suggested to cause presence of BCS shared endemic species. One of them is Cymbalaria aequitriloba, which, together with three additional species, constitute a polyploid clade endemic to BCS. Combining amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, plastid DNA sequences and morphometrics, we inferred the phylogeography of the group and evaluated the species’ current taxonomic circumscriptions. Based on morphometric and AFLP data we propose a new circumscription for C. fragilis to additionally comprise a group of populations with intermediate morphological characters previously included in C. aequitriloba. Consequently, we suggest to change the IUCN category of C. fragilis from critically endangered (CR) to near threatened (NT). Both morphology and AFLP data support the current taxonomy of the single island endemics C. hepaticifolia and C. muelleri. The four species had a common origin in Corsica-Sardinia, and two long-distance dispersal events to the Balearic Islands were inferred. Finally, plastid DNA data suggest that interspecific gene flow took place where two species co-occur.
Effect of drug-loaded microbubbles combined with ultrasound on the apoptosis of cancer cells and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model
Authors: Chen Kun , Zhang Liang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the use of drug-loaded microbubbles combined with ultrasound promotes the apoptosis of cancer cells by regulating B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression. Adriamycin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (ADM-NP) were fabricated using a modified emulsification process. Lipid microbubbles (NH2-MB) were prepared by mechanical vibration. The carboxyl groups of ADM-NP and NH2-MB underwent a condensation reaction after 48 h, and adriamycin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles microbubble complexes (ADM-NMC) were obtained. High-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that the entrapment efficiency and drug loading of ADM-NMC were 85.32 ± 5.41% and 7.91 ± 0.27%, respectively. The VX2 liver cancer model was established in 30 New Zealand rabbits, which were subsequently divided into three groups (n=10): a control group that received 5 ml of saline, an ADM-NP group that received 5 ml of ADM-NP and an ADM-NMC group that received 5 ml of ADM-NMC. Rabbits in the ADM-NP and ADM-NMC groups underwent irradiation 120 s with low frequency ultrasound (1 MHz, 0.5 W/cm2) for 120 s following injection. The echogenicity of tumors markedly increased following ADM-NP and ADM-NMC treatment. Staining with hematoxylin and eosin demonstrated that the tumor shape became more normal in the ADM-NP and ADM-NMC groups compared with the control group. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting determined that the expression of Bax increased and the expression of Bcl-2 decreased following treatment with ADM-NP and ADM-NMC. Cancer cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and it was determined that apoptosis significantly increased following treatment with ADM-NP and ADM-NMC (P&lt;0.01). Therefore, the present study demonstrated that the use of drug-loaded microbubbles combined with ultrasound may enhance the efficiency of tumor inhibition. This may be due to the promotion of cancer cell apoptosis via regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expression.
Melatonin attenuates acute kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by activation of the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Shi Si , Lei Shaoqing , Tang Chaoliang , Wang Kai , Xia Zhongyuan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background and aims: Diabetic kidney is more sensitive to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is associated with increased oxidative stress and impaired nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling. Melatonin, a hormone that is secreted with the rhythm of the light/dark cycle, has antioxidative effects in reducing acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the molecular mechanism of melatonin protection against kidney I/R injury in the state of diabetes is still unknown. In the present study, we hypothesized that melatonin attenuates renal I/R injury in diabetes by activating silent information regulator 2 associated protein 1 (SIRT1) expression and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Methods: Control or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Type 1 diabetic rats were treated with or without melatonin for 4 weeks. Renal I/R injury was achieved by clamping both left and right renal pedicles for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 48 h. Results: Diabetic rats that were treated with melatonin undergoing I/R injury prevented renal injury from I/R, in aspects of the histopathological score, cell apoptosis, and oxidative stress in kidney, accompanied with decreased expressions of SIRT1, Nrf2, and HO-1 as compared with those in control rats. All these alterations were attenuated or prevented by melatonin treatment; but these beneficial effects of melatonin were abolished by selective inhibition of SIRT1 with EX527. Conclusion: These findings suggest melatonin could attenuate renal I/R injury in diabetes, possibly through improving SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
Association among cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene, rs231775 polymorphism, and recurrent pregnancy loss risk
Authors: Song Yonghui , Chen Ying , Xu Qian 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is expressed constitutively on regulatory T cells. So far, several studies have focused on association between CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). However, above association between the CTLA-4 gene polymorphism and RPL susceptibility is uncertain. Therefore, we performed a timely meta-analysis of all current publications to clarify this relationship. We located articles from the PubMed and Chinese language (WanFang) databases that were published up until July 25, 2018. Finally, we obtained six case–control studies, containing 2405 total cases and 2607 total controls, based on search criteria for abortion susceptibility related to the CTLA-4 +49 G/A polymorphism. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) revealed association strengths. There was significantly decreased association between this polymorphism and whole population risk (e.g. AA vs. GG: OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.38–0.81, P=0.002). Additionally, in ethnicity subgroups, similar association was found both in China (e.g. AA vs. GG: OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.39–0.63, P=0.002) and non-China (e.g. AG vs. GG: OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.34–0.63, P&lt;0.001). Current analysis suggested CTLA-4 +49 G/A polymorphism may weakly decrease RPL risk for women of childbearing age.
Unusual relatives of the multisubunit RNA polymerase
Authors: Forrest David 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Transcription, the first step of gene expression, is accomplished in all domains of life by the multisubunit RNA polymerase (msRNAP). Accordingly, the msRNAP is an ancient enzyme that is ubiquitous across all cellular organisms. Conserved in absolutely all msRNAPs is the catalytic magnesium-binding aspartate triad and the structural fold it is present on, the double ψ β barrel (DPBB). In-depth bioinformatics has begun to reveal a wealth of unusual proteins distantly related to msRNAP, identified due to their possession of the aspartate triad and DPBB folds. Three examples of these novel RNAPs are YonO of the Bacillus subtilis SPβ prophage, non-virion RNAP (nvRNAP) of the B. subtilis AR9 bacteriophage and ORF6 RNAP of the Kluyveromyces lactis cytoplasmic killer system. While YonO and AR9 nvRNAP are both bacteriophage enzymes, they drastically contrast. YonO is an incredibly minimal single-subunit RNAP, while AR9 nvRNAP is multisubunit bearing much more resemblance to the canonical msRNAP. ORF6 RNAP is an intermediate, given it is a single-subunit enzyme with substantial conservation with the msRNAP. Recent findings have begun to shed light on these polymerases, which have the potential to update our understanding of the mechanisms used for transcription and give new insights into the canonical msRNAP and its evolution. This mini-review serves to introduce and outline our current understanding of these three examples of novel, unusual RNAPs.
Beneficial effects of spermidine on cardiovascular health and longevity suggest a cell type-specific import of polyamines by cardiomyocytes
Authors: Nilsson Bengt-Olof , Persson Lo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Recent and exciting in vivo studies show that supplementation with the polyamine spermidine (Spd) is cardioprotective and prolongs lifespan in both mice and humans. The mechanisms behind Spd-induced cardioprotection are supposed to involve Spd-evoked stimulation of autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial respiration and improved the mechano-elastical function of cardiomyocytes. Although cellular uptake of Spd was not characterized, these results suggest that Spd is imported by the cardiomyocytes and acts intracellularly. In the light of these new and thrilling data, we discuss in the present review cellular polyamine import with a special focus on mechanisms that may be relevant for Spd uptake by electrically excitable cells such as cardiomyocytes.
Implementation Of The Urban Forest Canopy Concept In Urban Forest Park Design, As An Effort To Rehabilitate Post-Mining Land Of Pt. Bukit Asam, Muara Enim, South Sumatera
Authors: Andriani Kiki , Nurini  , Kurniati Rina 
Published: December 2018

Mining industry activity has a positive and negative impacts on life.The positive impacts of the mine are to meet the needs of industry, energy and other things that are important to life. However, on the other hand, mining activities will lead to land degradation. The mining site needs major attention due to environmental damage caused. In addition to causing erosion and sedimentation, mining activities can lead to increase of heavy metal content in soils potentially entering the aquatic environment, decreasing the quantity and quality of water. Therefore, a repair or rehabilitation effort on post mining land is needed so as not to cause sustained damage.
PT Bukit Asam in Muara Enim regency is one of the largest mining and mineral resource company in Indonesia. Recovery of land in PTBA is done by utilizing ex-mining land as urban forest as well as to increase recreation facilities in Muara Enim community.
This study uses a data collection technique including field observations, interviews, documents review, narratives and questionnaires. The analysis used in the study include the analysis of natural physical conditions, users, activities and space requirements, site analysis, infrastructure analysis and Urban Forest Canopy Concepts. The results of this study are Urban Forest Park designs by applying Urban Forest Canopy Concepts.
Pediatric Transthoracic Cardiac Vector Flow Imaging – A Preliminary Pictorial Study
Authors: Hansen Kristoffer , Juul Klaus , Møller-Sørensen Hasse , Nilsson Jens , Jensen Jørgen , Nielsen Michael 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Purpose Conventional pediatric echocardiography is crucial for diagnosing congenital heart disease (CHD), but the technique is impaired by angle dependency. Vector flow imaging (VFI) is an angle-independent noninvasive ultrasound alternative for blood flow assessment and can assess complex flow patterns not visible on conventional Doppler ultrasound.
Materials and Methods 12 healthy newborns and 3 infants with CHD were examined with transthoracic cardiac VFI using a conventional ultrasound scanner and a linear array.
Results VFI examinations revealed common cardiac flow patterns among the healthy newborns, and flow changes among the infants with CHD not previously reported with conventional echocardiography.
Conclusion For assessment of cardiac flow in the normal and diseased pediatric heart, VFI may provide additional information compared to conventional echocardiography and become a useful diagnostic tool.
HP sucht Zahnarzt …
Authors: Brockhausen Wolf 
Published: December 2018

SummaryEs gibt viele Therapiebereiche und Behandlungen, bei denen eine Kooperation zwischen Heilpraktiker und Zahnarzt angeraten ist. Berufspolitische und wirtschaftliche Interessen sowie Konkurrenzdenken können eine Zusammenarbeit jedoch erschweren. Eine Kooperation setzt voraus, dass sowohl Heilpraktiker als auch Zahnarzt um die ganzheitlichen Zusammenhänge von Mundraum, Körper und Psyche wissen.
Molekulare Radiotherapie mit neuen Radiopharmaka: Präzisionsonkologie zur personalisierten Patientenbehandlung
Authors: Langbein Thomas , Kulkarni Harshad , Zhang Jingjing , Baum Richard 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungMaligne Erkrankungen sind mit Veränderungen auf der molekularen Ebene assoziiert. Präzisionsonkologie meint einen personalisierten Therapieansatz, der auf spezifische molekulare Signale in Tumorzellen abzielt und mit optimaler Wirksamkeit bei minimalen Nebenwirkungen verbunden ist. Tumore können hochwirksam mit Radiopharmaka behandelt werden, die auf spezifische, zelluläre Mechanismen abzielen (z. B. Metastasen von gut differenzierten neuroendokrinen Neoplasmen mittels 177Lu markierten Somatostatinanaloga). Die molekulare Bildgebung mit PET/CT oder PET/MRT spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Patientenauswahl sowie bei der Überwachung des Therapieansprechens und ist daher in der Lage, die molekulare Radiotherapie zu steuern („wir sehen, was wir behandeln“ und umgekehrt). Theranostik in der Nuklearmedizin fügt sich daher in die Definition der Präzisionsonkologie ein, da sie beispielhaft die Kombination von molekularer Bildgebung und molekularer Radiotherapie beinhaltet, wobei derselbe Vektor, markiert mit unterschiedlichen Radionukliden, zum einen für die Diagnose und zum anderen für die Behandlung verwendet wird. Während die Anwendung von 131I durch Saul Hertz Mitte des letzten Jahrhunderts erstmals den Weg für eine gezielte molekulare Radiotherapie eröffnete, fasst dieser Übersichtsartikel die Therapie mit in den letzten Jahren neuentwickelten Radiopharmaka zusammen.
Die erlaubnisfreie Herstellung und Anwendung patientenindividualisierter Arzneimittel
Authors: Breitkreutz Frank , Patt Marianne , Solbach Christoph 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie erlaubnisfreie Herstellung und Anwendung patientenindividualisierter Arzneimittel ist insbesondere im Rahmen nuklearmedizinischer Anwendungen von großer Bedeutung für die Patientenversorgung. Nichtsdestotrotz besteht bzgl. der Interpretation der Rechtsvorschriften eine große Rechtsunsicherheit v. a. bei den Nutzern. Aber auch der behördliche Umgang mit diesen zeigt, dass man sich in der Bundesrepublik (noch) fernab bundeseinheitlicher Auslegungen dazu befindet. Dieser Artikel illustriert, diskutiert und kommentiert die wichtigsten Aspekte dieser Thematik unter Einbeziehung aktueller Quellen und Entwicklungen.
Die aktuelle Verfügbarkeit von Radiopharmaka in Deutschland
Authors: Meyer Geerd-J. 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Verfügbarkeit von Radiopharmaka unterliegt einem besonders ausgeprägten Wandel, der von mehreren Faktoren beeinflusst wird. Dies sind neben den speziellen radioaktiven Eigenschaften, wie den relativ kurzen Halbwertzeiten und den daraus resultierenden Produktions- und Logistikproblemen sowie den strikten gesetzlich geregelten Sicherheitsanforderungen, ökonomische Faktoren, die bei den Radiopharmaka als sehr spezielle Nischenprodukte der Pharmaindustrie zu häufigen Umstrukturierungen des betroffenen Geschäftsfeldes führen. Dabei werden regelmäßig unrentable Produkte vom Markt genommen, aber auch neue vielversprechende Produkte eingeführt. Der hier vorgestellte Beitrag soll einen Überblick über die derzeitige Verfügbarkeit von Radiopharmaka in Deutschland bieten.
Kieferorthopädische Lückenöffnung mit superelastischen NiTi-Schlaufen nach Locatelli
Authors: Göhring Jana , Eschrich Michael , Bantleon Hans-Peter 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Behandlungskonzept der sagittalen Expansion des Zahnbogens zur Auflösung von Zahnengständen ist ein grundliegender Bestandteil der kieferorthopädischen Therapie. Es gibt eine Reihe von etablierten Methoden zur Platzgewinnung und ständig erweitert sich das kieferorthopädische Therapiespektrum. Locatelli et al. berichtete 1992 erstmals von einer Methode, welche eine Lückenöffnung bzw. Mesial- und Distalbewegung von Zähnen und Zahngruppen durch das Einsetzen eines komprimierten superelastischen Nickel-Titan-Bogens ermöglicht. Er beschrieb das sogenannte „Loca-System“ als einfache und effektive Behandlungsstrategie um eine Vergrößerung der Zahnbogenlänge zu erzielen. In Folge beschrieben einige Autoren Nebenwirkungen, wie unerwünschte Rotationen oder Zahnkippungen, die bei der Anwendung des „Loca-Systems“ auftraten. Der Kieferorthopäde muss daher für jeden Patienten individuell die geeignete Methode zur Platzgewinnung evaluieren. Bei sorgfältig ausgesuchten Patienten kann die Anwendung des Loca-Systems eine ausgezeichnete Behandlungsstrategie darstellen.
Das Grazer Implantat Stabilisierte Pendulum (GISP) zur Distalisierung im Oberkiefer
Authors: Byloff Friedrich , Kärcher Hans 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDas GISP (Graz Implantat Stabilisierte Pendulum) wurde zur ein- oder beidseitigen Molarendistalisation im Oberkiefer entwickelt und besteht aus 2 Teilen. In der derzeitigen Form besteht der fixierte Teil aus einer Titanplatte mit 2 Zapfen. Die Platte wird direkt auf die Gaumenmukosa mit 3 Miniimplantatschrauben fixiert. Die Schraubenköpfe werden so mit dem TriLockR System (Medartis, Basel, Schweiz) in der Platte verblockt, dass der durch die Distalisation entstehende Gegendruck direkt auf den Knochen gelenkt wird und die Mukosa nicht komprimieren kann. Der abnehmbare Teil mit den Pendulumfedern kann problemlos auf- und abgesteckt werden. Aktivierungen werden extraoral durchgeführt. Das charakteristische am GISP ist das einfache Auf- und Abstecken des Federteiles und die dadurch einfache extraorale Kontrolle über die Bewegung in allen 3 Raumachsen, wie beispielsweise Distalisation, Aufrichtung und Expansion von Molaren.Herstellung und Anwendung der Apparatur wird mit klinischen Beispielen erklärt und illustriert. Unterschiede zu anderen Gaumenverankerungen mit Miniimplantaten werden aufgezeigt.
Therapie von „Non-Respondern“ einer kardialen Resynchronisation
Authors: Demming Thomas , Sandrock Sarah , Bonnemeier Hendrik 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie kardiale Resynchronisationstherapie (CRT) ist ein etabliertes Verfahren in der Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz. Trotzdem liegt die Rate der Patienten, die nicht von dieser Therapie profitieren, je nach Studie um die 30%. Klinische Effekte der CRT-Therapie zeigen sich erst innerhalb mehrerer Monate nach der Implantation des Aggregats und können individuell verschieden stark ausgeprägt sein. Risikogruppen sollten in der Nachverfolgung besonders berücksichtigt werden. Bei Nonresponse sollte eine vollständige Evaluation des klinischen Status und eine Kontrolle des CRT-Aggregats erfolgen. Die Therapie der Nonresponse dient zunächst der Optimierung des biventrikulären Stimulationsanteils. Zudem ist die adäquate Programmierung der Zeitsteuerung unter echokardiografischer Kontrolle oder nicht invasiver Blutdruckmessung zielführend. Allerdings sind auch eine optimale Patientenauswahl, eine fachgerechte Implantation und eine individuelle Aggregatprogrammierung entscheidend für das Erreichen eines Therapieerfolgs.
The Forced Active Buckling Sign: A New Clinical Test for the Diagnosis of ACL Insufficiency
Authors: Blanke Fabian , Haenle Maximilian , Feitenhansl Andreas , Vogt Stephan , Camathias Carlo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough insufficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a frequent result of an injury, validated tests are associated with unsatisfying validity. Moreover, some of these tests are not easy to perform and patient's muscular resistance often limits their reliability. Therefore, with this study, we want to design an accurate test to diagnose an ACL insufficiency, which is independent of the assessor's skills and overcome any muscular resistance. Fifty patients with an isolated ACL rupture (group A; age 26.4 years ± 14.9 standard deviation [SD]; female, n = 15) and additional 50 patients with an intact ACL but meniscal lesions (group B; age 45.4 years ± 12.9 SD; female, n = 23) were consecutively included in this study. The integrity of the ACL and the menisci were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and verified arthroscopically. Two orthopaedic surgeons performed a pivot shift test, a Lachman's test, and our new “forced active buckling” (FAB)-sign test in all patients. The surgeons were blinded for the pathology of the knee and we randomized the tests for each patient and examiner. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios with confidence intervals were calculated and compared. With a prevalence of 0.5, the FAB-sign test revealed the best overall sensitivity of 0.78 compared with the Lachman's and pivot shift tests of 0.74 and 0.46, respectively. Also, the overall specificity of the FAB-sign test of 0.95 was higher than the Lachman's test of 0.83, however, comparable to the pivot shift test of 0.96. The FAB-sign test demonstrated the best positive and negative predictive values of 0.94 and 0.81. There was no significant difference between the two examiners concerning the accuracy of results in each test (p = 0.83). This study shows that the introduced FAB-sign test can detect an ACL insufficiency more sensitive and more specific compared to the pivot shift and Lachman's tests in the subacute phase. This is a randomized controlled diagnostic study, level 1b.