bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diameter Distribution Yield Systems for Unthinned Cutover Site-Prepared Slash Pine Plantations in Southern Mississippi
Authors: Matney Thomas G. , Ledbetter Julia R. , Sullivan Alfred D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Equations and procedures for estimating size class distributions of unthinned young slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englem.) plantations on cutover site-prepared land in south Mississippi are described. Diameter distributions are approximated by determining the parameters of a three-parameterWeibull probability density function with expected arithmetic mean, quadratic mean, and minimum diameters equal to predicted. Stock tables are prepared from stand tables using compatible tree volume ratio/profile equations prepared from 150 stem analysis trees. The estimates of survival and yield in this study are based on typical stand conditions and are lower than those given by Dell et al. (1979) for ideal stand conditions. When the same survival functions are used in both models, however, both models predict yields that are nearly equal for most practical purposes. A FORTRANcomputer program is available from the authors for obtaining stand and stock tables from stand age, site index, and numbers of tree per acre. South. J. Appl. For. 11(1):32-36.
Three-year Response of Pecan to Six Methods of Seedling Establishment
Authors: Meadows¹ J. S. , Toliver J. R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Sweet pecan (Carya illinoensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch) seedlings were subjected to six methods of establishment at two locations in southern Louisiana. Two of the methods involved containerization and four involved top-clip-ping of bare-root seedlings. On a poor silty clay bottomland site,bare-root seedlings clipped to a 10-in. top and those left unclipped were the tallest after 3 years, averaging 22.2 in. and 20.6 in. in height, respectively. Third-year survival of seedlings clipped to a 10-in. top was 94% as compared to 85% for unclipped seedlings. Therefore, pecan seedlings planted on poor bottomland sites should be bare-root stock and may be clipped to a 10-in. top or left unclipped. On a good silt loam minor streambottom site, seedlings grown in containers in a greenhouse for 1 year prior to planting were the tallest, averaging 37.0 in. in height, 7.4 in. tallerthan unclipped bare-root seedlings. Third-year survival was greater than 91% for five of the six methods. Ideally, containerized seedlings should be used to artificially regenerate pecan on good minor streambottom sites. However, top-clipping of bare-root seedlings at planting time is not detrimental and results in good survival and growth for the first 3 years. South J. Appl. For. 11(1):56-59.
On-Board Log Truck Scales: Application to Southern Timber Harvesting
Authors: Shaffer Robert M. , McNeel Joseph F. , Overboe Paul D. , O'Rourke James 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Case studies of electronic on-board log truck scales were conducted with cooperating logging contractors in Georgia and Virginia. The scales were found to accurately predict gross vehicle weight with less than 1.0% error. The cooperating contractors were able to reduce net load weightvariance by 0.52 tons and 1.14 tons, respectively. The investment in on-board scales produced an internal rate of return of 24.3% for the Georgia logger and 9.8% for the Virginia logger. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):112-116.
Soil Properties Dominate Yellow-Poplar Seedling Growth
Authors: Hay Ronald L. , Hammer R. David , Conn John P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Topdressing of urea (224 kg/ha) in combination with Glomus mosseae inoculum produced the largest 1-0 yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) seedlings of 16 combinations of nursery fertilizer and endomycorrhizal treatments. However, after two years in an outplanting trial, significantdifferences in seedling size due to the nursery treatments had disappeared. The cause was traced to soil variability; five different soils were found within the 0.5 ha test site, varying in characteristics known to be important to yellow-poplar growth. Soil properties had occluded significanteffects of nursery culture treatments on seedling height growth and the effects continued through the fourth growing season. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):119-123.
Site-Index Comparisons for Naturally Seeded Loblolly Pine and Shortleaf Pine
Authors: Harrington Constance A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Site-index comparisons were made between loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.) based on 190 plots in 9 southern states. The relationship between site-index values for the two species appeared to be linear, with the mean difference in site index greateston poor sites and decreasing as site quality increased. Site-index prediction equations were developed for each species using site index of the other species or using site index plus one to three additional independent variables. The simple correlation between the site indexes of the two specieswas 0.855 (r² = 0.73). Somewhat higher correlation coefficients were obtained when elevation or slope was included as a second independent variable. Simple regression equations developed separately for plots east and west of the Mississippi River did not differ statistically. Separationof the plots into two groups, however, resulted in several multiple regression equations for each geographic division; these had slightly higher correlation coefficients than the simple regression equations. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):86-91.
Summer Wax Grafting of Loblolly Pine
Authors: McKeand Steven E. , Jett J. B. , Sprague Jerry R. , Todhunter Michael N. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Wax grafting methods that have been routinely used for winter dormant season grafting of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) have been developed for grafting of more succulent summer shoots. Under experimental conditions, scions covered with paraffin at approximately 185°F had significantlyhigher grafting success in one study and equal success in another study compared to scions covered with polyethylene bags or Parafilm® strips. Under operational conditions, grafting success of 85% was realized with summer wax grafting. Significant savings of time and money are possibleif summer wax grafting methods are used. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):96-99.
Stem-profile Functions for Predicting Multiple-Product Volumes in Natural Longleaf Pines
Authors: Farrar Robert M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The stem-profile (taper) functions presented for natural longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) trees growing in the East Gulf region, when integrated, permit the prediction of volume between any two heights on a stem for three broad crown-ratio classes. Conversely, by iteration, thevolume between any two diameters on a stem can be predicted. The functions generally predict cubic-foot volumes that are within ± 0.5 ft³ of observed volume and account for at least 98% of the variation in observed volume. Comparisons are made with some existing D³H and volume-ratiovolume equations. Also, example applications of the functions are given along with an announcement (in the Appendix) of a computer program to evaluate the functions for cubic-foot volume. South. J. Appl. For. 11(3):161-167.
Cubic-Foot Volume Equations for Loblolly Pine Trees in Cutover, Site-Prepared Plantations
Authors: Amateis Ralph L. , Burkhart Harold E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Stem profile data from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees grown in cutover, site-prepared plantations across much of the South were used to develop total and merchantable cubic-foot volume equations. The equations presented here can be used for predicting total tree volume and merchantable volume to any height or top diameter limit. Implicit taper relationships associated with the merchantable volume equations allow prediction of upper stem diameters and heights. South. J. Appl. For. 11(4):190-192.
Green and Dry-Weight Equations for Above-ground Components of Planted Loblolly Pine Trees in the West Gulf Region
Authors: Baldwin V. C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Prediction equations based on 130 sample trees from thinned and unthinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in central Louisiana are presented for the green and dry weights of aboveground tree components. Sample trees ranged from 2 to 21 in. dbh, 18 to 94 ft in height and from 9 to 55 yr in age. Significant differences in partial stem weight between trees from thinned and unthinned stands required development of separate sets of weight ratio equations. The range of the studies' observations increases the predictive applicability of planted loblolly pine biomass equations. South. J. Appl. For. 11(4):212-218.
Height Growth and Site Index Curves for Cherrybark Oak and Sweetgum in Mixed, Even-Aged Stands on the Minor Bottoms of Central Mississippi
Authors: Clatterbuck Wayne K. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A combination of stem analysis and height-age plot data procedures was used to construct height growth and site index curves for cherrybark oak (Quercus falcata var. pagodifolia Ell.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) in natural, even-aged stands on the minor bottoms of central Mississippi. Height growth is initially greater in sweetgum than cherrybark oak in these mixed stands. However, cherrybark oak height exceeds that of sweetgum at 20 to 25 years of age. Cherrybark oak continues to outgrow sweetgum, resulting in vertical canopy stratification. Cherrybark oak site index curves for the minor bottoms are shown to be different from those previously published for the major bottoms of the Mississippi River, but sweetgum site index curves are essentially the same. South. J. Appl. For. 11(4):219-222.
Sawtimber as an Alternative Forest Management Strategy for Sites with a High Fusiform Rust Hazard
Authors: Froelich R. C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
High percentages of fusiform rust stem infection in slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) plantations make it impossible to obtain maximum fiber (pulpwood) yield. Whether sawtimber yields wilt also be reduced depends largely on initial stocking. Most plantations that develop as much as 60 to 70% stem infection should be capable of achieving their potential yield of sawtimber if 500 to 600 trees are living at the end of the first growing set, son. South J. Appl. For. 11(4):228-231.
Microcomputer-Based Software for Analyzing Harvesting Systems
Authors: Reisinger T. W. , Greene W. D. , McNeel J. F. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Several microcomputer-based programs have recently been developed for analyzing harvesting system cost and production problems. This paper evaluates and provides comparative information on three such programs: Auburn Harvesting Analyzer; Harvesting System Analyzer; and Harvesting System Simulator. A description of each program is presented, and the programs are tested using data from a mechanized tree-length system. Results of the analysis of these three programs compare closely with each other, and computed cost per cord was only slightly higher than an industry average for a similar system. South. J. Appl. For. 12(1):37-41.
A Comparison of Methods for Estimating Cherrybark Oak Site Index
Authors: Aust W. M. , Hodges J. D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cherrybark oak site index values obtained by Baker and Broadfoot's field evaluation were compared to values from three sets of published curves for a range of age classes. The results demonstrate that Baker and Broadfoot's site evaluation technique is a reliable method for determining site index for cherrybark oak. The four methods gave comparable values except in the older age classes. South J. Appl. For. 12(2):115-116
A Preliminary Study of Geographic Variation in Fraser Fir Seedlings
Authors: Li Bailian , Jett J. B. , Weir R. J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Open-pollinated progeny of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri: [Pursch] Poir.) from several elevations in each of five provenances were planted in the greenhouse, transplanted to a nursery, and then transplanted to three field locations in western North Carolina. Seedling total height, number of terminal buds, and root collar diameter were examined to determine the magnitude and patterns of variation in seedlings among and within populations. Significant differences among families were detected. Trees from low-elevation (1,500-1,650 m) of southern mountain sources such as Richland Balsam and Clingman's Dome showed better performance in all three field plantings than those from high-elevation and northern sources. Roan Mountain, where most seed is collected for commercial use, showed the least height growth in the study. South. J. Appl. For. 12(2):128-132.
Growth and Development of Two Sweetgum-Red Oak Stands From Origin Through 29 Years
Authors: Johnson Robert L. , Krinard Roger M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The seed-tree method of regeneration was attempted on two sites, but the results were essentially the same as a clearcut because seeds contributed little to the regeneration. After 29 years, one stand produced 2,530 ft³/ac and the other produced 2,840 ft³/ac in trees ≥5.0 in. dbh. The sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)-red oak (Quercus falcata var. pagodifolia, Q. nigra, and Q. phellos) stands reproduced to essentially the same species as the parent stands. Although the initial composition of the stands was quite different from the parent stands, they appear, through the processes of normal stand development, to be progressing toward stands that have essentially the same composition as the parent stands. Density in trees ≥1.0 in. dbh peaked between the 15th and 18th years. Cubic foot volumes in dominant-codominant trees at age 29 for the two areas were 52 and 76% sweetgum and 23 and 24% red oak. The oak component as a proportion of total overstory stocking increased with stand age. South. J. Appl. For. 12(2):73-78
The Fallacy of Preferred Species
Authors: Smith Walton R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The popularity and market values of major hardwood lumber products occur in cycles, which makes the selection of preferred species a questionable practice in silvicultural treatments. The differences between the 1935 market values of specific lumber products and the values of the same products in later years, and the cycling of values and volume of specific lumber products from the North Carolina National Forests for a 29-year period (1957-1986) suggest that there should be less dependence on current prices and species popularity in planning future forests, and more consideration for soil protection and other nonmonetary values. South. J. Appl. For. 12(2):79-84.
Factors Affecting Natural Regeneration of Piedmont Hardwoods
Authors: Kays Jonathan S. , Smith David Wm. , Zedaker Shepard M. , Kreh Richard E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Clear felling with whole-tree utilization was performed on six similar pairs of plots with a range of SI50 48-75 ft for white oak. Pairs of plots received either dormant or growing season harvests and spanned a typical range of Piedmont upland hardwood sites characterized by low-quality stems and poor species composition: White oak (Quercus alba L.), scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) sprouting decreased with increasing diameter, while chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.), yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), and sourwood (Oxydendron arboreum L.) did not. Sprouting of white oak stumps greater than 12 in. dbh and 80 years old was significantly increased with a dormant season harvest. In general, chestnut oak, yellow-poplar, sourwood, and red maple sprouted with high frequencies regardless of season of harvest, diameter, or age. South. J. Appl. For. 12(2):98-102.
Precommercial Thinning a Sapling-Sized Loblolly Pine Stand with Fire
Authors: Waldrop Thomas A. , Lloyd F. Thomas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A winter backing-fire in a natural 4-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand reduced stand density from 6,800 to 2,850 stems/ac, producing the effect of a thinning from below. Crown scorch was heavy, but needle consumption was infrequent. Mortality occurred when crown scorch exceeded 80% or needle consumption exceeded 20%. Much of the study area remained overstocked after burning and only a few areas within study plots were understocked. Diameter growth of surviving trees 1 year after burning was unaffected, but height growth was reduced by 33% compared to trees in unburned control plots. Growth of the first three flushes of terminal buds was reduced by prescribed burning, regardless of the degree of crown damage. Severe crown scorch caused an additional growth loss during the first flush. Additional research is required to develop guidelines for using fire for precommercial thinning. South. J. Appl. For. 12(3): 203-207.
Performance of Diverse Provenances of Loblolly Pine Throughout the Southeastern United States
Authors: McKeand S. E. , Weir R. J. , Hatcher A. V. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Unimproved loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlots from Livingston Parish, LA, Marion County, FL, Gulf Hammock (Levy County), FL, and the Eastern Shore of MD and VA were established in field trials throughout the southeastern United States in 1975-1978. When compared to open-pollinatedfamilies from first-generation seed orchards at eight years of age, stem height and fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) resistance of Livingston Parish trees were better in most locations, but survival was generally poorer. In the northernmost environments,the Livingston Parish provenance grew poorly and had very poor survival, indicating a low adaptability to these sites. The two Florida provenances had average performance only in the deep South. The Eastern Shore provenance had average growth in Virginia and other colder climates both withinand outside the natural range of loblolly pine. In every region, Eastern Shore was above average in survival and exhibited the best rust resistance of any provenance tested. South. J. Appl. For. 13(1):46-51
Sewage Sludge Increases Early Growth and Decreases Fusiform Rust Infection of Nursery-Run and Rust-Resistant Loblolly Pine
Authors: Stone Douglas M. , Powers Harry R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An intensively prepared site in a high-rust hazard area was fertilized with municipal sewage sludge to provide 300 or 600 lb/ac total nitrogen before planting nursery-run and fusiform rust-resistant seedlings. Rust-resistant seedlings had significantly greater first-year survival andsignificantly lower rust infection at age 6. The sludge treatments increased 6-year diameter and volume growth and decreased rust infection significantly; there were no differences between the two sludge levels. Sludge fertilization significantly increased average height, diameter, and stemvolume of the largest 300 trees/ac and has begun to stimulate crown class differentiation. The greater growth of the larger trees did not alter the proportion infected by rust. Results indicate that even in areas of high-rust hazard, intensive site preparation and sludge fertilization canincrease early growth and accelerate stand development of loblolly pine if rust-resistant stock is planted. South J. Appl. For. 13(2):68-71.
Oak Mortality in Eastern Kentucky
Authors: Stringer Jeffrey W. , Kimmerer Thomas W. , Overstreet John C. , Dunn James P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Canopy-tree mortality was assessed from 1985 through 1987 at Robinson Forest in eastern Kentucky. Red oaks, predominantly scarlet oak and black oak, experienced the greatest mortality followed by hickories, white oak, and chestnut oak. Mortality was concentrated in mixed red and whiteoak stands on relatively xeric mid- or upper-slope positions. Mortality was not severe in oak-pine stands on extremely xeric sites. The loss of red oaks in mixed oak stands is typical of the current mortality pattern in the southern Appalachians as well as past mortality associated with regionaldroughts. Mortality will probably continue, and these types of losses should be incorporated into management plans. Treatments to alleviate monetary losses include salvage cuts where feasible and treatments aimed at decreasing the basal area of black and scarlet oaks growing in stands whichare considered at risk. South. J. Appl. For. 13(2):86-91.
Early Growth Enhancement Increases Loblolly Pine Rotation Yields
Authors: Clason Terry R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Long-term impact of early pine growth enhancement on plantation development through rotation ages of 20, 25, and 30 was studied. A fumigation study planted at 1210 trees/ac showed that age 6 diameter and height growth on methyl bromide treated plots exceeded the other two treatmentsby 0.9 in. and 4.5 ft. Data collected between ages 6 and 30 were used to analyze the effect of the early growth response on plantation development. Early growth enhancement accelerated plantation development by 3 years with total wood yield being increased by 500, 640, and 660 ft³ peracre at ages 20, 25, and 30, respectively. Since high stocking density and rapid early growth had a negative impact on final wood yields, the influence of early stocking control measures was evaluated using a growth and yield simulator. Pine stocking levels for each treatment were reducedby thinning at age 14 to 400 TPA or by planting 600 TPA. Lower stocking levels increased yield differences 32%. Long-term benefits of early growth enhancement were optimized at lower pine stocking rates. South. J. Appl. For. 13(2):94-99.
Fusiform Rust in Crosses Among Resistant and Susceptible Loblolly and Slash Pines
Authors: Sluder Earl R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Progenies from a half-diallel cross among six loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) and another among six slash pines (P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) were field-tested in central Georgia for fusiform-rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) resistance. Threeof each set of six parents were rated resistant (R) and three susceptible (S) to the fungus relative to check lots in previous progeny tests. For both species, relative susceptibility of the three types of progenies at age 5 years was R x R < R x S < S x S. The R x R and R x S progeniesin slash pine had considerably less infection than did the same types of progenies in loblolly pines. All S x S progenies were heavily infected. Heritability estimates for percentage infection and average galls per tree indicated that in these progenies, family selection should be based onpercentage infection for slash pine and galls per tree for loblolly pine. South. J. Appl. For. 13(4):174-177.
Growth and Fusiform Rust Responses of Piedmont Loblolly Pine After Several Site Preparation and Regeneration Methods
Authors: McNab W. Henry , Miller Thomas , Brender Ernst V. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cutover pine-hardwood sites in the Piedmont of central Georgia were prepared by prescribed burning or drum chopping and regenerated to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) by planting or direct-seeding. Site preparation had little effect on soil physical properties. After an average of 12 years, trees were larger in dbh and total height, the merchantable stand was greater, and distribution was more uniform on planted than on seeded areas. Regeneration from direct-seeding was enhanced more by intensive site preparation than was regeneration from planting. Neither fusiform rust incidence nor rust associated mortality was affected consistently by the intensity of site preparation, but both rust incidence and rust associated mortality were generally higher in the direct-seeded than in the planted plots. South. J. Appl. For. 14(1):18-24.