bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteosynthesis using Scorpion plate for neer type V distal clavicle fracture
Authors: Furuhata Ryogo , Matsumura Noboru , Kamata Yusaku , Tanji Atsushi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Neer type V distal clavicle fractures are considered the most unstable fracture type and are characterized by the disruption of continuity between the coracoclavicular (C-C) ligaments and proximal or distal bone fragments. However, owing to the rarity of such fractures, there is currently no universally accepted surgical procedure for their treatment. Recently, the scorpion plate, an anatomical, non-locking, pre-contoured plate with two grasping arms to fix the distal or inferior clavicular fragments, was introduced. This study aimed to investigate the postoperative functional and radiological outcomes of osteosynthesis using only scorpion plates in Neer type V fractures.

Methods
We retrospectively identified 23 patients who underwent scorpion plate fixation for Neer type V fractures at two general hospitals. All patients underwent only plate fixation without C-C ligament augmentation. Subsequently, we investigated their postoperative functional outcomes, complication rates, and modified C-C distance ratio at 1 year.

Results
The mean postoperative Constant score was 96 ± 5, with all cases achieving bone union. Complications within 1 year postoperatively included plate loosening in one patient (4.3%) and plate irritation in two patients (8.7%). Additionally, the modified C-C distance ratio averaged 114 ± 15%.

Conclusions
This study offers novel insights into the management of Neer type V distal clavicle fractures. Our findings indicate that osteosynthesis using only scorpion plates can lead to satisfactory functional outcomes with minimal complications.
Analysing premature cardiovascular disease mortality in the United States by obesity status and educational attainment
Authors: Li Han , Adair Tim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
In the United States (US), premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates (35–74 years) have exhibited increases in recent years, particularly in younger adults, and large differentials by educational attainment. This trend has occurred concurrently with high and increasing obesity prevalence, which also show significant differences by education. This study aims to jointly model premature CVD mortality trends in the US according to obesity status and educational attainment.

Methods
We used multiple cause of death data from the National Center for Health Statistics, obesity prevalence data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and educational attainment data from the American Community Survey and NHANES. We applied Bayes’ theorem to these data to calculate the conditional probability of premature CVD mortality given obesity status and educational attainment for 2003–2019. We then projected this conditional probability for 2020–2029 using the Lee-Carter model.

Results
The probability of premature CVD mortality was greatest for obesity and low education (not graduated high school) and was substantially higher (females 6.7 times higher, males 5.9) compared with non-obesity and high education (Bachelor’s degree or higher) in 2019. There was a widening of the gap in premature CVD mortality from 2003 to 2019 between the obese and non-obese populations, which occurred at each education level and was projected to continue in 2020–2029, especially for males. The conditional probability of premature CVD death for obesity and middle education (finished high school but no Bachelor’s degree) increased substantially and was projected to surpass the level for non-obesity and low education in coming years for males and in younger age groups. At high education, the conditional probability of premature CVD death for the obese population was projected to increase to 2029, while for non-obesity it was projected to remain steady for females and fall for males; this projected widening is greatest at older age groups.

Conclusions
The findings demonstrate the public health challenge to reduce premature US CVD mortality posed by continued high obesity prevalence, especially for younger ages, lower education groups and males. The relative importance of obesity in influencing premature CVD mortality trends has risen partly due to the decline in CVD mortality attributable to other risk factors.
Enhanced antiviral defense against begomoviral infection in Nicotiana benthamiana through strategic utilization of fluorescent carbon quantum dots to activate plant immunity
Authors: Farooq Tahir , Hussain Muhammad Dilshad , Wang Yuan , Kamran Ali , Umar Muhammad , Tang Yafei , He Zifu , She Xiaoman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Owing to their unique physiochemical properties, low toxicity, antipathogenic effects and tunability, fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent a new generation of carbon-based nanomaterials. Despite the mounting research on the efficacy of CQDs against resilient plant pathogens, their potential ability to mitigate viral pathogens and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remain understudied. In this study, we optimized the CQDs to maximize their antiviral effects against a highly pathogenic Begomovirus (cotton leaf curl Multan virus, CLCuMuV) and elucidated the mechanistic pathways associated with CQDs-mediated viral inhibition. To fine-tune the CQDs-induced antiviral effects against CLCuMuV and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms,we used HR-TEM, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, and UV‒Vis spectrophotometry to characterize the CQDs. SPAD and FluorCam were used for physiological and photosynthetic performance analysis. Transcriptome, RT‒qPCR, integrated bioinformatics and molecular biology were employed to investigate gene expression, viral quantification and data validation.

Results
The application of fluorescent, hexagonal crystalline, UV-absorptive and water-soluble CQDs (0.01 mg/ml) significantly reduced the CLCuMuV titer and mitigated viral symptoms in N. benthamiana at the early (5 dpi) and late (20 dpi) stages of infection. CQDs significantly increased the morphophysiological properties, relative chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic (Fv/Fm, QY_max, NPQ and Rfd) performance of the CLCuMuV-infected plants. While CLCuMuV infection disrupted plant immunity, the CQDs improved the antiviral defense response by regulating important immunity-related genes involved in endocytosis/necroptosis, Tam3-transposase, the ABC transporter/sphingolipid signaling pathway and serine/threonine protein kinase activities. CQDs potentially triggered TSS and TTS alternative splicing events in CLCuMuV-infected plants.

Conclusions
Overall, these findings underscore the antiviral potential of CQDs, their impact on plant resilience, and their ability to modulate gene expression in response to viral stress. This study’s molecular insights provide a foundation for further research on nanomaterial applications in plant virology and crop protection, emphasizing the promising role of CQDs in enhancing plant health and combating viral infections.

Graphical Abstract
Metabolic-driven analytics of traumatic brain injury and neuroprotection by ethyl pyruvate
Authors: Golovachev Nikita , Siebold Lorraine , Sutton Richard L. , Ghavim Sima , Harris Neil G. , Bartnik-Olson Brenda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Research on traumatic brain injury (TBI) highlights the significance of counteracting its metabolic impact via exogenous fuels to support metabolism and diminish cellular damage. While ethyl pyruvate (EP) treatment shows promise in normalizing cellular metabolism and providing neuroprotection, there is a gap in understanding the precise metabolic pathways involved. Metabolomic analysis of the acute post-injury metabolic effects, with and without EP treatment, aims to deepen our knowledge by identifying and comparing the metabolite profiles, thereby illuminating the injury's effects and EP's therapeutic potential.

Methods
In the current study, an untargeted metabolomics approach was used to reveal brain metabolism changes in rats 24 h after a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury, with or without EP treatment. Using principal component analysis (PCA), volcano plots, Random Forest and pathway analysis we differentiated the brain metabolomes of CCI and sham injured animals treated with saline (Veh) or EP, identifying key metabolites and pathways affected by injury. Additionally, the effect of EP on the non-injured brain was also explored.

Results
PCA showed a clear separation of the four study groups (sham-Veh, CCI-Veh, sham-EP, CCI-EP) based on injury. Following CCI injury (CCI-Veh), 109 metabolites belonging to the amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, nucleotide, and xenobiotic families exhibited a twofold change at 24 h compared to the sham-Veh group, with 93 of these significantly increasing and 16 significantly decreasing (p < 0.05). CCI animals were treated with EP (CCI-EP) showed only 5 metabolites in the carbohydrate, amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, lipids, and xenobiotics super families that exhibited a twofold change, compared to the CCI-Veh group (p < 0.05). In the non-injured brain, EP treatment (sham-EP) resulted in a twofold change in 6 metabolites within the amino acid, peptide, nucleotide, and lipid super families compared to saline treated sham animals (sham-Veh, p < 0.05).

Conclusions
This study delineates the unique metabolic signatures resulting from a CCI injury and those related to EP treatment in both the injured and non-injured brain, underscoring the metabolic adaptations to brain injury and the effects of EP. Our analysis uncovers significant shifts in metabolites associated with inflammation, energy metabolism, and neuroprotection after injury, and demonstrates how EP intervention after injury alters metabolites associated with mitigating inflammation and oxidative damage.
Predicting the prognosis of Wilms tumor by peripheral blood cells: a real-world study of more than 30 years
Authors: Jie Lin , Qin-Lin Shi , Xiao-Mao Tian , Peng Hong , Zhuang-Cheng Wang , Zai-Hong Hu , Kong-Kong Cui , Zhi-Qiang Gao , Feng Liu , Tao Lin , Guang-Hui Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite established excellent treatment strategies for Wilms tumor (WT), effective prognostic evaluation methods were lacking. This study aims to examine prognostic factors for WT through real-world peripheral blood cell profiling.

Methods
Basic data and pre-treatment laboratory indices from WT and non-WT children underwent Wilcoxon test analysis. Chi-square tests assessed the correlation between blood cells and the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of WT. Further the Log-rank test and multivariate Cox were used to identify independent prognostic factors for OS. Traditional accepted factors were included in multi-Cox and the nomogram was constructed to further validate the outcome.

Results
Blood cells significantly differed between WT and non-WT groups (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that NLR above 1.380, stage IV, M below 0.325 × 103/μL were linked with lower OS, and PLR below 94.632, LB above 3.570 × 103/μL, stage IV, M above 0.325 × 103/μL,age ≤ 3 years were meaningful for higher EFS (P < 0.05). While in the multifactorial COX, only M (HR:0.220, HR95%CI: 0.080 ~ 0.620, P = 0.004 and HR: 0.437, HR95%CI: 0.202 ~ 0.947, P = 0.036, respectively) and stage IV (HR: 7.890, HR95%CI: 1.650 ~ 37.770, P = 0.010 and HR: 3.720, HR95%CI: 1.330 ~ 10.408, P = 0.012, respectively) were independent prognostic factors for OS and EFS. These two variables also were significant after including recognized risk factors, and were demonstrated the predictability via nomogram.

Conclusions
OS and EFS were poorer in WT children with M below 0.325 × 103/μL, suggesting the potential as a prognostic predictor for WT.
Antibiotics and lectin C for diarrhea control intervention in piglets and influences
Authors: Trung Hoang Dinh , Hoang Ha Viet , Thong Nguyen Thach , Chitana Kenthalangsy , Hoai Dinh Thi Thu , Linh Nguyen Quang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study was conducted on 60 L of suckling piglets out of 775 piglets, of which 227 piglets had diarrhea litres of piglets, and out of 775 piglets, 227 piglets had diarrhoea syndrome. There were 3 interventions in separate trials as follows: 1 and 2 involved antibiotic use (Enrofloxacin and Gentamicin); Trial 3 used the supplement Lectin C (LvCLT3 and LvCLT4) for a treatment period of 3–7 days. Intervention results on 227 piglets with diarrhea showed the highest cure rate when supplemented with Lectin C, with no mortality rate, longer treatment time, and no reinfection rate. While the two antibiotic trials still had lower cure rates, mortality and reinfection rates were higher. After 05 days of recovery, piglets were tested for MCV, MCH, and MCHC, showing an apparent decrease in the group supplemented with Lectin C, while the two groups using antibiotics still had high rates, with a confidence level of P < 0.05; 0.01 and 0.001. Antibiotics treat piglets in their early stages, so there is a risk of immunodeficiency and low infection response. It is necessary to supplement substances derived from dietary supplements. Supplementing Lectin C increases resistance, enhances immune response, improves the effectiveness of treating diarrhoea syndrome in piglets, and ensures safe meat quality in the future. Lectin C supplementation will improve piglet health and breed quality efficiency. This heralds a promising future for the pig industry with improved meat quality and reduced environmental impact.
An in-depth understanding of stakeholders’ experiences about their participation in the co-production of ‘Maze Out’: a serious game for the treatment of eating disorders
Authors: Guala Maria Mercedes , Bikic Aida , Bul Kim , Clinton David , Nielsen Anette Søgaard , Nielsen Helene Nygaard , Scarpelli Martina , Schneider Luciana , Christiansen Regina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Co-production is increasingly used in mental health research and clinical settings. Maze Out is a digital game co-produced by clinicians, patients with eating disorders (EDs), an art director with lived experience in EDs, and a game-developing company. Maze Out is based on everyday challenges when suffering from EDs and is currently being evaluated as a supplement tool in EDs treatment. Several studies on co-producing mental health interventions focus on design and effectiveness, but the experiences of those involved in the co-production process remain unexplored. An in-depth exploration of stakeholders’ experiences offers valuable insights into the impact of co-production on different groups and generates crucial knowledge for successful implementation.

Objectives
This study evaluated and explored the co-production process and the meaning that EDs patients, clinicians, and game designers attributed to their participation in the co-production of Maze Out. The objectives were to determine (1) how stakeholders experienced their collaboration in the co-production of Maze Out.; and (2) to what extent the stakeholders involved in developing Maze Out followed Cahn’s principles of equality, diversity, accessibility, and reciprocity.

Methods
Five stakeholders (two patients, two clinicians, and a game designer) who participated in the co-production completed semi-structured interviews. Two patients and one clinician’s diaries supplemented the interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret the data.

Results
The results of this study highlight the importance of building a common language between clinicians, patients, and other professionals involved in developing new forms of treatment and interventions. A recommendation for researchers and clinicians to implement co-production in the future is that Cahn’s principles: equality, reciprocity, accessibility, and diversity, serve as a strong foundation for successful co-production. In this study, three and partially one of the four Cahn’s principles about co-production were identified: equality, reciprocity, and accessibility. When applied in an ED context, these principles provided stakeholders with valuable insights, enriching practice-based knowledge, using the knowledge applicable to clinical practice, and demonstrating their crucial role in fostering effective co-production processes.
Pathophysiology and preclinical relevance of experimental graft-versus-host disease in humanized mice
Authors: Ehx Grégory , Ritacco Caroline , Baron Frédéric 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantations (allo-HCT) used for the treatment of hematological malignancies and other blood-related disorders. Until recently, the discovery of actionable molecular targets to treat GVHD and their preclinical testing was almost exclusively based on modeling allo-HCT in mice by transplanting bone marrow and splenocytes from donor mice into MHC-mismatched recipient animals. However, due to fundamental differences between human and mouse immunology, the translation of these molecular targets into the clinic can be limited. Therefore, humanized mouse models of GVHD were developed to circumvent this limitation. In these models, following the transplantation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into immunodeficient mice, T cells recognize and attack mouse organs, inducing GVHD. Thereby, humanized mice provide a platform for the evaluation of the effects of candidate therapies on GVHD mediated by human immune cells in vivo. Understanding the pathophysiology of this xenogeneic GVHD is therefore crucial for the design and interpretation of experiments performed with this model. In this article, we comprehensively review the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing GVHD in the most commonly used model of xenogeneic GVHD: PBMC-engrafted NOD/LtSz-PrkdcscidIL2rγtm1Wjl (NSG) mice. By re-analyzing public sequencing data, we also show that the clonal expansion and the transcriptional program of T cells in humanized mice closely reflect those in humans. Finally, we highlight the strengths and limitations of this model, as well as arguments in favor of its biological relevance for studying T-cell reactions against healthy tissues or cancer cells.
Virtual surgical plan with custom surgical guide for orthognathic surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Yoon-Jo , Oh Ji-Hyeon , Kim Seong-Gon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The shift from traditional two-dimensional (2D) planning to three-dimensional (3D) virtual surgical planning (VSP) has revolutionized orthognathic surgery, offering new levels of precision and control. VSP, combined with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, enables the creation of patient-specific surgical guides and implants that translate preoperative plans into more precise surgical outcomes. This review examines the comparative accuracy and operative efficiency of VSP, especially when used with custom surgical guides, against conventional 2D planning in orthognathic surgery.

Main text
The study systematically reviewed and analyzed published literature comparing the accuracy and operative time between VSP and conventional planning methods. The meta-analysis included clinical trials, controlled trials, and observational studies on patients undergoing orthognathic surgery, focusing on the degree of alignment between planned and postoperative bone positions and total surgery time. Results indicate that VSP consistently reduces discrepancies between planned and actual surgical outcomes, particularly when integrated with custom surgical guides. Additionally, while VSP demonstrated potential time-saving advantages over conventional planning, these differences were not statistically significant across studies, likely due to high variability among study protocols and designs.

Conclusions
VSP with custom surgical guides enhances surgical accuracy in orthognathic procedures, marking a significant advancement over traditional methods. However, the reduction in operative time was not conclusively significant, underscoring the need for further studies to evaluate time efficiency. These findings emphasize VSP’s role in improving surgical precision, which holds substantial implications for future orthognathic surgical practices.
Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria-infected individuals in Uganda
Authors: Mwesigwa Alex , Ocan Moses , Cummings Bryan , Musinguzi Benson , Kiyaga Shahid , Kiwuwa Steven M. , Okoboi Stephen , Castelnuovo Barbara , Bikaitwoha Everd Maniple , Kalyango Joan N. , Karamagi Charles , Nankabirwa Joaniter I. , Nsobya Samuel L. , Byakika-Kibwika Pauline 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPlasmodium falciparum(P. falciparum) remains a significant public health challenge globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where it accounts for 99% of all malaria infections. The outcomes ofP. falciparuminfection vary, ranging from asymptomatic to severe, and are associated with factors such as host immunity, parasite genetic diversity, and multiplicity of infection (MOI). Using seven neutral microsatellite markers, the current study investigatedP. falciparumgenetic diversity and MOI in both asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria individuals in Uganda.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed 225P. falciparumisolates from both asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria patients, ranging in age from 6 months to ≥ 18 years.P. falciparumgenetic diversity, MOI, and multi-locus linkage disequilibrium (LD) were assessed through genotyping of seven neutral microsatellite markers: Poly-α, TA1, TA109, PfPK2, 2490, C2M34–313, and C3M69–383. Genetic data analysis was performed using appropriate genetic analysis software.ResultsP. falciparuminfections exhibited high genetic diversity in both asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. The mean expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.79 in symptomatic uncomplicated malaria cases to 0.81 in asymptomatic individuals. There was no significant difference (p = 0.33) in MOI between individuals with asymptomatic and symptomatic infections, with the mean MOI ranging from 1.92 in symptomatic complicated cases to 2.10 in asymptomatic individuals. Polyclonal infections were prevalent, varying from 58.5% in symptomatic complicated malaria to 63% in symptomatic uncomplicated malaria cases. A significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed between asymptomatic and symptomatic uncomplicated/complicated infections (p < 0.01). Genetic differentiation was low, with FSTvalues ranging from 0.0034 to 0.0105 amongP. falciparumparasite populations in asymptomatic and symptomatic uncomplicated/complicated infections.ConclusionThere is a high level ofP. falciparumgenetic diversity and MOI among both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in Uganda. Asymptomatic carriers harbor a diverse range of parasites, which poses challenges for malaria control and necessitates targeted interventions to develop effective strategies.