bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Association Between A Parents And Its Grandparents In Performance Traits Of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Hurea Saber Abdulrazaq  
Published: February 2025

This study aims to estimate the heredity and genetic correlations of some productive performance traits that geneticists are interested in, well as to investigate the genetic relationship between parents and grandparents of broiler chickens. Blood samples were collected from in tubes containing EDTA anticoagulant. From 240 Ross-308 birds, which were transferred directly laboratory to conduct the process of extracting DNA from blood samples. As for polymorphism, it was highest in OPA-9, where it was recorded as 13, and the percentage of polymorphism was 39.39 for the same primer. Coefficient of genetic similarity was between 0.81 - 1.00. , these characteristics were taken to compare between parents and grandparents at the age of 30 weeks in order to identify the characteristics studied when they are at the best productive age for comparison between them. It was found that there were significant differences between parents and grandparents in Egg/bird/week, Hatching, egg production, hatching all eggs (%), Chicks/Hen, where the parents recorded the highest significant difference in all of these characteristics, which was (5.90 , 5.70, 87.1 , 87.1 , 5.10 ). respectively. Grandparents recorded a significant superiority in body weight and egg weight, which were (4064.33 and 58.5), respectively.
Diversity responses to precipitation gradients differ between older and younger islands of Hawai‘i
Authors: Barajas Barbosa Martha Paola , Knight Tiffany M. , Onstein Renske E. , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2025

Studying the interaction between macroevolutionary and ecological factors is critical for understanding the principles of diversity regulation and predicting the effects of human activities. Here, we use the geological chronology of the Hawaiian archipelago as a testbed to examine the interaction between island age and climatic factors (i.e., precipitation) on contemporary patterns of tree taxonomic diversity. To this end, we estimated patterns of tree species diversity from 375 forest plots spread across steep precipitation gradients and different substrate ages on a younger island (Hawai‘i; ~ 0.5 million years old), an intermediate-aged island (Maui Nui complex; ~ 2 million years old), and an older island (O‘ahu; ~ 3 million years old). We found a clear positive relationship between precipitation and diversity on the oldest island (O‘ahu), but no such relationship on the two younger islands (islands in the Maui Nui complex and Hawai‘i). We also found high species turnover between drier and wetter environments on the oldest island, which suggests ecological specialization on these habitat types, but not on the younger islands. However, when we included plots that were highly invaded by alien species, the effect varied and precipitation had a larger effect on diversity and turnover on the younger islands. This could be because the younger islands may be more vulnerable to invasions. Our results suggest that the response of diversity to climate variation differs substantially across the Hawaiian Islands, possibly because of differences in the age of the islands; however, biological invasions are degrading this signature.
Local diversity responses to a steep precipitation gradient are stronger on older Hawaiian Islands, likely due to longer timescales for macroevolutionary processes.
Species turnover to distinct precipitation conditions varies across islands of the Hawaiian archipelago, with older islands exhibiting greater precipitation-driven ecological specialization.
Alien species alter local diversity responses to precipitation, particularly on the youngest island of the archipelago.
The presence of alien species is modifying the pattern of species turnover across distinct precipitation conditions, with dry and mesic habitats on intermediate-age islands showing higher species turnover.
Biological invasions are currently reshaping plant diversity patterns in the Hawaiian archipelago.
Natural radionuclides in drinking water and annual effective dose to infant, child, and adult
Authors: Hodolli Gezim , Dizman Serdar , Kadiri Sehad , Makolli Sami , Kastrati Labinot 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the annual effective dose from drinking water across different age categories, considering various sources of water. The water samples were collected from different locations, with the samples categorized into public drinking water systems, private wells, and bottled water. In the drinking water samples, no radionuclides other than Ra-226, Th-232, K-40, and H-3 were detected. The average tritium concentration in drinking water was measured at 1.84 Bq L−1, significantly below the permissible safety standards. The study indicated that infants received the highest annual effective dose from drinking water, averaging 0.88 mSv year−1, compared to 0.11 mSv*year−1 for children and 0.08 mSv*year−1 for adults. Among the different water sources, well water from Stublla village showed significantly elevated levels at 0.49 mSv*year−1. The highest contribution to the annual effective dose from the ingestion of drinking water comes from Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40, with average values of 1.72, 0.42, and 0.161 mSv*year−1, respectively. Despite these variations, the average annual effective doses from drinking water for infants, children, and adults were 0.81, 0.098, and 0.076 mSv year−1, respectively. Based on drinking water sources, the Stublla region had the highest yearly effective dosage, with an average value of 0.49 mSv year−1.
Synthesis of magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4/acerola seed) for cationic dye removal
Authors: Gadelha Antonio José Ferreira , Rocha Clarice Oliveira , Guedes Matheus Ferreira , Lima Evelin Ferreira 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
The removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by NaOH-treated acerola seeds impregnated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MAS) was investigated. Magnetic nanoparticles were obtained through chemical precipitation of a Fe2+/Fe3+ mixture by ammonia, in the presence of treated acerola seed (AS) powder. The nanocomposite obtained was characterized by FTIR, XRD, and nitrogen physisorption. MAS characterization results indicated the successful incorporation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the AS. The influence of adsorbent mass (0.2–0.8 g), pH (4.0–10.0), and agitation (80–120 rpm) on the adsorption of MB on MAS were investigated through a 23 full factorial design. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics studies suggested that the Sips isotherm model (R2 = 0.989), with a qmax of 73.07 mg·g−1, adequately explains the adsorption process and the pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.997) could be regressed well with experimental data. The Weber–Morris model indicates that diffusion in the boundary layer is the limiting step of the process. The statistical analysis of the factorial design suggests that from the first-order regression model (R2 = 0.9972), the optimum effective remotion was: pH at 10.0, adsorbent mass at 0.8 g, and an agitation speed at 120 rpm, resulting in a removal of 99.32%. Results revealed that the MAS is a promising potential adsorbent for dye removal.
Exploring the Potential of H2 Therapy in Reducing Surgical Complications: A Review on Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Anti-fibrotic Mechanisms
Authors: Neykhonji Marzieh , Al-Asady Abdulridha Mohammed , Avan Amir , Khazaei Majid , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
This review demonstrates the potential role of hydrogen in post-surgical adhesion prevention
and calls for further investigation of its molecular pathways, as well as clinical studies to assess its efficacy
and safety in a therapeutic setting.

Methods:
PubMed and Google Scholar were extensively queried to investigate the potential role of hydrogen
in preventing post-surgical adhesions and its underlying mechanisms.

Results:
Molecular hydrogen exhibits selective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties,
holding potential for the treatment and prevention of various disorders, including acute pancreatitis, respiratory
diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion damage conditions, among others. Postoperative adhesion is associated
with chronic pain, organ dysfunction, and acute complications, fundamentally rooted in inflammation, oxidative
stress, and fibrosis. The surgical injury initiates an inflammatory response characterized by immune cell
mobilization and an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, thereby promoting adhesion formation.

Conclusion:
Hydrogen is demonstrated to attenuate the early inflammatory response by down-regulating proinflammatory
cytokines alongside its anti-oxidative and anti-fibrotic effects. As a potential therapeutic agent
for post-surgical adhesions, hydrogen warrants additional investigation to elucidate the exact molecular pathways
responsible for its observed efficacy and safety.
A Robust Approach to Early Glaucoma Identification from Retinal Fundus
Images using Dirichlet-based Weighted Average Ensemble and Bayesian
Optimization
Authors: Mouhafid Mohamed , Zhou Yatong , Shan Chunyan , Xiao Zhitao 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness worldwide, primarily linked to increased intraocular pressure (IOP).
Early detection is essential to prevent further visual impairment, yet the manual diagnosis of retinal fundus images (RFIs) is both time-consuming
and inefficient. Although automated methods for glaucoma detection (GD) exist, they often rely on individual models with manually optimized
hyperparameters. This study aims to address these limitations by proposing an ensemble-based approach that integrates multiple deep learning
(DL) models with automated hyperparameter optimization, with the goal of improving diagnostic accuracy and enhancing model generalization for
practical clinical applications.

Materials and Methods:
The RFIs used in this study were sourced from two publicly available datasets (ACRIMA and ORIGA), consisting of a total of 1,355 images for
GD. Our method combines a custom Multi-branch convolutional neural network (CNN), pretrained MobileNet, and DenseNet201 to extract
complementary features from RFIs. Moreover, to optimize model performance, we apply Bayesian Optimization (BO) for automated
hyperparameter tuning, eliminating the need for manual adjustments. The predictions from these models are then combined using a Dirichlet-based
Weighted Average Ensemble (Dirichlet-WAE), which adaptively adjusts the weight of each model based on its performance.

Results:
The proposed ensemble model demonstrated state-of-the-art performance, achieving an accuracy (ACC) of 95.09%, precision (PREC) of 95.51%,
sensitivity (SEN) of 94.55%, an F1-score (F1) of 94.94%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9854. The innovative Dirichlet-based WAE
substantially reduced the false positive rate, enhancing diagnostic reliability for GD. When compared to individual models, the ensemble method
consistently outperformed across all evaluation metrics, underscoring its robustness and potential scalability for clinical applications.

Conclusion:
The integration of ensemble learning (EL) and advanced optimization techniques significantly improved the ACC of GD in RFIs. The enhanced
WAE method proved to be a critical factor in achieving well-balanced and highly accurate diagnostic performance, underscoring the importance of
EL in medical diagnosis.
A Step Towards Development and Bio-evaluation of a Novel Radio-ligand
99mTc-CYX-DTPA Targeting Sigma 2 Receptors
Authors: Chaudhary Ritika , Chaturvedi Shubhra , Gautam Divya , Chaudhary Vishakha , Sharma Deepika , Presenjit  , Garg Aastha , Chopra Madhu , Mishra Anil Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Development of theranostics agents targeted towards particular receptors
can effectively help in the management of cancer. The overexpression of the sigma-2 receptor
(S2R) in tumors establishes it as a prominent biomarker for cancer cells.

Methods:
Radiotheranostics rely on the design of specific molecules having versatility in applications
of diagnosis and therapy by merely changing the radioisotope. We have designed a novel
radiotheranostic S2R-targeted ligand using cyclohexylpiperazine and performed docking studies to
narrow down the potential efficacious ligand. The potential molecule with G-score = -7.0 kcal/mol,
was then synthesized using a three steps reaction including conjugation of 2-(4-
cyclohexylpiperazine-1-yl)ethyl(CYX) with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) chelator.
Subsequently, the molecule has been radiolabelled with 99mTc using stannous chloride as a reducing
agent, and a radiolabellieng efficiency of 95.0 ± 0.59% for 99mTc-CYX-DTPA. As proof of concept,
the molecule has been evaluated for its binding affinity and specificity using sigma receptors isolated
from the liver membrane homogenates of mice. The binding affinity was found to be Kd =
12.84±0.395nM; Bmax = 0.5258±0.001 fmol/mg, indicating a high affinity for the receptors.

Results:
In addition, the molecule was also assessed for biocompatibility using haemolysis analysis
and cytotoxicity on HEK cells and MDA-MB-23, wherein the molecule showed no significant cytotoxicity
up to 72 h on HEK cells and 32.42% cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231 cells.

Conclusion:
The future work will concentrate on the demonstration of in vivo targeting and sitespecific
accumulation of the molecule along with its suitability for theranostics applications.
Potential of Purified Flavonoid from Citrus limon L. Seeds to Inhibit the Urease Activity and Restrict the Formation of Struvite Stone: In vitro Study
Authors: Juli John , Sathishkumar Thiyagarajan , Kumaresan Kuppamuthu , Rapheal Vinohar Stephen , Muthukumaran Velayutham , Thirugnanam Natarajan , Balamurugan Rajamanickam , Ram Kothandam 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Effective inhibition of pathogenic bacterial urease activity aligned with satisfied
dissolution of struvite stone by purified flavonoid moieties can overcome several lifethreatening
renal disorders.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro inhibition of urease enzyme and
an effective control over the formation of infectious renal stone (Struvite stone) by the extract and
purified flavonoid of Citrus limon seeds.

Methods:
Standard spectrophotometry analysis to determine urease activity, Gel diffusion method
for in vitro antibacterial activity, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to validate the urease inhibitory
activity, and LC-MS-PDA analysis to predict the structures of polyphenols were employed.

Results:
Complete urease inhibition was noticed in hot water extract (HWE) and 50% ethanolic extract,
and an appreciable inhibition was recorded by preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC)
purified polyphenols (78.3±2.6%). A satisfactory struvite stone dissolution of about 49.6±3.2% and
40.9±2.1%, was recorded by HWE and PTLC eluate, respectively. ANN-based training model
proved a significant correlation (r2 = 0.987) between the predicted and conducted experimental results
of urease inhibitory activity. Two new novel polyphenols were identified (luteolin-7-0-
rutinoside glycoside derivative [m/z 786] and an unknown compound [m/z 651]) through LC-MSPDA
analysis. Likewise, simulated bioimplant coated with purified polyphenols recorded a satisfactory
urease inhibitory activity.

Conclusion:
A correlated result of urease inhibition, growth inhibition against clinically significant
bacterial pathogens, and in vitro struvite stone dissolution strongly support the efficacy of renoprotective
effect of C. limon seeds.
Synthetic Overview of FDA-Approved Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4I)
Authors: Gori Chandani S. , Naliapara Yogesh T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus continues to be a major health concern worldwide, contributing significantly
to annual mortality and morbidity. Among all types of diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus
is a pervasive health condition that affects people worldwide. Recently, various classes of drugs
have been proposed for the management of T2DM. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or gliptins are a
class of oral medications for T2DM that target the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP. By increasing
insulin production and decreasing glucagon release, DPP-4 inhibitors maintain glucose homeostasis.
DPP-4 inhibitors provide a number of advantages over conventional antidiabetic medications, including
a reduced risk of hypoglycaemic episodes, an extensive safety profile, and no weight gain. Consequently,
gliptins have been a focus of study. This paper provides an overview of diabetes mellitus,
focusing on its types, prevalence, and therapeutic approaches, particularly in the context of type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM). The synthesis of key DPP-4 inhibitors, including sitagliptin, vildagliptin,
saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin is discussed, showcasing various synthetic strategies employed
by different researchers to produce these drugs.
Emerging Trends in Hydrogels for the Treatment of Vaginal Candidiasis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rajgopal B. , Gupta Sanjay Kumar , Deshmukh Reena , Gupta Akash , Patel Anjali , Sakure Kalyani , Jaiswal Manisha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
This review discusses the use of hydrogel systems for intravaginal drug
delivery, specifically antibacterial, anti-trichomonas, and anti-fungal regimens for
managing and treating gynecological infections, particularly vaginal candidiasis. About
80% of females worldwide have encountered candida albicans, the root cause of vaginal
candidiasis [VC]. This infection is manifested by inflammation, itching, erythema,
dyspareunia, and pain in the infected vaginal mucosal area. Long-term use of antibiotics,
immunosuppressants, contraceptive pills, use of intra-uterine devices, vaginal douching,
unprotected sexual intercourse, pregnancy, and hyperglycemic condition are the major
factors that affect vaginal flora and may cause VC. Conventional dosage forms, such as
creams, ointment, powder, pessaries, etc., are used in VC treatment; however, they have
some serious limitations, such as short mucosal contact, rapid vaginal flush or discharge, or
poor mucosal absorption. Researchers have developed several novel hydrogel preparations,
such as mucoadhesive, pH or temperature-sensitive, or other polymeric hydrogels, to
overcome these limitations. Thus, the objective of this study is to provide information on
the pathophysiology and diagnosis of VC, and recently developed hydrogels for its
treatment, which utilize a sol-gel system where gel formation takes place in vaginal
conditions. Drug-exempted systems exhibiting antifungal discomfort are overcome by
hydrogel, which also facilitates their wardship and proper distribution in the vaginal
mucosa.
Development of a Calculation Method for a Combined Filter
Authors: Ksenofontov B. S. , Shirniekh A. A. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction. If wastewater treatment becomes less effective, the intensity of treatment facilities should be increased. Several approaches to solving this issue have been described in the literature. For example, to intensify the coagulation process, researchers have used controlled mechanical mixing of coagulants with effluents, mixing with air, and injecting the coagulant using jet or chamber mixers. The authors of this paper propose integrating a vertical clarifying filter (VCF) and a mixing chamber into one housing. This is a novel approach that eliminates the disadvantages of operating separate devices, such as the need for additional space, the possibility of forming aggregates close to the area where they are removed on filters, and avoiding breakage of flakes in connecting pipelines. Experimental evidence has previously demonstrated the effectiveness of this installation. The aim of this study is to develop a scientific methodology for calculating the combined filter, which is essential for widespread adoption.Materials and Methods. The mixing efficiency of the fluidized bed was determined using the Camp criterion, which characterized the energy spent on mixing. Relevant publications on the subject were also taken into account. Special attention was paid to the description of coagulation. Before developing the calculation method, the authors conducted experiments and created a mathematical model of the installation. The operation of a combined filter with a mixing chamber consisting of a rapid mixing tank with a floating load and a settling tank was considered. The main initial data for the calculation method included: maximum wastewater flow rate, water viscosity, filter diameter, distance from load to housing, backwash intensity, and the volume of expansion of load during backwashing.Results. The paper shows that the Camp criterion depends on various factors, including mass, area, contact time, and viscosity of particles in a fluidized bed. The calculation of the mixing chamber of the filter was based on this dependence. The regeneration of filters related to the efficiency of backwashing was taken into account. The method for calculating the mixing chamber was presented, and factors that could reduce the effectiveness of backwashing were discussed. As compensation, it was proposed to increase the intensity of backwashing or reduce the height of the filter layer. It was shown how to calculate the dimensions of the mixing chamber elements — the diameter and height of the tanks. A self-check was included in the calculation to avoid errors.Discussion and Conclusion. For the first time, an improved combined filter design and a method for calculating it are described. The proposed approach makes it possible to determine the dimensions of the mixing chamber and ensure the necessary backwash efficiency. The new solution is of practical interest for enterprises that operate wastewater treatment plants with VCF.
Toward a rapid, sensitive, user-friendly, field-deployable artificial intelligence tool for enhancing African swine fever diagnosis and reporting
Authors: Bakshi Aliva , Stetson Jake , Caragea Doina , Wang Lihua , Shi Jishu , Miller Laura C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal and highly contagious transboundary animal disease with the potential for rapid international spread. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are sometimes hard to read by the inexperienced user, mainly due to the LFA sensitivity and reading ambiguities. Our objective was to develop and implement an AI-powered tool to enhance the accuracy of LFA reading, thereby improving rapid and early detection for ASF diagnosis and reporting.

Methods
Here, we focus on the development of a deep learning–assisted, smartphone-based AI diagnostic tool to provide accurate decisions with higher sensitivity. The tool employs state-of-the-art You Only Look Once (YOLO) models for image classification. The YOLO models were trained and evaluated using a dataset consisting of images where the lateral flow assays are manually labeled as positives or negatives. A prototype JavaScript website application for ASF reporting and visualization was created in Azure. The application maintains the distribution of the positive predictions on a map as the positive cases are submitted by users.

Results
The performance of the models is evaluated using standard evaluation metrics for classification tasks, specifically accuracy, precision, recall, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 measure. We acquired 86.3 ± 7.9% average accuracy, 96.3 ± 2.04% average precision, 79 ± 13.20% average recall, and an average F1 score of 0.87 ± 0.088 across 3 different train/development/test splits of the datasets. Submitting a positive result of the deep learning model updates a map with a location marker for positive results.

Conclusions
Combining clinical data learning and 2-step algorithms enables a point-of-need assay with higher accuracy.

Clinical Relevance
A rapid, sensitive, user-friendly, and deployable deep learning tool was developed for classifying LFA test images to enhance diagnosis and reporting, particularly in settings with limited laboratory resources.