bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose-Dependent Infectivity of Aseptic, Purified, Cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum 7G8 Sporozoites in Malaria-Naive Adults
Authors: Laurens Matthew B , Berry Andrea A , Travassos Mark A , Strauss Kathy , Adams Matthew , Shrestha Biraj , Li Tao , Eappen Abraham , Manoj Anita , Abebe Yonas , Murshedkar Tooba , Gunasekera Anusha , Richie Thomas L , Lyke Kirsten E , Plowe Christopher V , Kennedy Jessie K , Potter Gail E , Deye Gregory A , Sim B K L , Hoffman Stephen L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Direct venous inoculation of 3.2 × 103 aseptic, purified, cryopreserved, vialed Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) strain NF54 sporozoites, PfSPZ Challenge (NF54), has been used for controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) in the United States, 4 European countries, and 6 African countries. In nonimmune adults, this results in 100% infection rates. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, dose-escalation study to assess the infectivity of the 7G8 clone of Pf (PfSPZ Challenge [7G8]). Results showed dose-dependent infectivity from 43% for 8 × 102 PfSPZ to 100% for 4.8 × 103 PfSPZ. PfSPZ Challenge (7G8) will allow for more complete assessment by CHMI of antimalarial vaccines and drugs.
Tuberculosis Antigen-Specific T-Cell Responses During the First 6 Months of Antiretroviral Treatment
Authors: Riou Catherine , Jhilmeet Nishtha , Rangaka Molebogeng X , Wilkinson Robert J , Wilkinson Katalin A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The reconstitution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-specific CD4 T cells in a cohort of HIV-infected persons starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) in a high tuberculosis endemic area is described. Restoration of the antigen-specific CD4 T-cell subsets mirrored the overall CD4 T-cell compartment. Activation (assessed by HLA-DR expression) decreased during ART but remained elevated compared to HIV-uninfected persons. Despite known M. tuberculosis sensitization determined by interferon-γ release assay, 12/23 participants had no M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells detectable by flow cytometry, combined with overall elevated T-cell activation and memory differentiation, suggesting heightened turnover. Our data suggest early ART initiation to maintain polyfunctional immune memory responses.
The oldest fossil axiid (Decapoda: Pleocyemata: Axiidea), from the Late Devonian (Famennian) Chagrin Shale Member of the Ohio Shale, USA
Authors: Feldmann Rodney M , Schweitzer Carrie E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Discovery of a single specimen of a nearly complete cephalothorax and pleon of a new arthropod from the Late Devonian (Famennian) Chagrin Shale Member of the Ohio Shale Formation in Lake County, northeastern Ohio, USA documents the oldest known representative of the Axiidea. The specimen documents a new genus and species, Devonoaxius garlandi, and extends the range of the infraorder from the Jurassic into the Late Devonian. This range extension was predicted by a recent phylogenetic analysis. The addition of this axiid brings to four the number of arthropod genera in the Chagrin Shale Member, two of which represent the oldest members of their lineage.
Bifenthrin Baseline Susceptibility and Evaluation of Simulated Aerial Applications in Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Montezano Débora G , Hunt Thomas E , Souza Dariane , Vieira Bruno C , Vélez Ana M , Kruger Greg R , Zukoff Sarah N , Bradshaw Jeffrey D , Peterson Julie A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStriacosta albicosta (Smith) is a maize pest that has recently expanded its geographical range into the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. Aerial application of pyrethroids, such as bifenthrin, has been a major practice adopted to manage this pest. Reports of field failure of pyrethroids have increased since 2013. Striacosta albicosta populations were collected in 2016 and 2017 from maize fields in Nebraska, Kansas, and Canada and screened with bifenthrin active ingredient in larval contact dose-response bioassays. Resistance ratios estimated were generally low in 2016 (1.04- to 1.32-fold) with the highest LC50 in North Platte, NE (66.10 ng/cm2) and lowest in Scottsbluff, NE (50.10 ng/cm2). In 2017, O’Neill, NE showed the highest LC50 (100.66 ng/cm2) and Delhi, Canada exhibited the lowest (6.33 ng/cm2), resulting in a resistance ratio variation of 6.02- to 15.90-fold. Implications of bifenthrin resistance levels were further investigated by aerial application simulations. Experiments were conducted with a spray chamber where representative S. albicosta populations were exposed to labeled rates of a commercial bifenthrin formulation. Experiments resulted in 100% mortality for all populations, instars, insecticide rates, and carrier volumes, suggesting that levels of resistance estimated for bifenthrin active ingredient did not seem to impact the efficacy of the correspondent commercial product under controlled conditions. Results obtained from this research indicate that control failures reported in Nebraska could be associated with factors other than insecticide resistance, such as issues with the application technique, environmental conditions during and/or after application, or the insect’s natural behavior. Data generated will assist future S. albicosta resistance management programs.
Tracing the Boundaries of the Natural: Medicine and the Inquiry on Miracles in Early Modern Canonization Trials
Authors: Laverda Alessandro 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the inquiry on miracles in the canonization process reveals a fundamental cooperation between medicine and religion. During the last stage of the trials, theologians, lawyers, and physicians concurred with refined reports to accomplish full analysis of the alleged miracles. The promoter of the faith had the task of doubting the supposed miracle healing on juridical, medical and theological grounds; the lawyer supporting the cause responded to any inconsistency in witnesses’ depositions; the physician had the task of finding any natural causes which could lead to a natural recovery of the subject. The interplay of these tripartite disciplines underlies early modern probation of supposed miracles.
In this paper I will examine the institutional and cultural consequences of the demand for evidence in canonization trials: on the one hand, the increasing role of medical experts in the assessment of miracles and the friction between them and the other members of the committee; on the other hand, the rise of a new method of inquiry in the legal arena.
Safety and effectiveness of bevacizumab in Japanese patients with malignant glioma: a post-marketing surveillance study
Authors: Motoo Nagane , Hayashi Yasuko , Shimizu Ayaka , Ura Masako , Nishikawa Ryo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
This surveillance study was conducted to verify the post-market safety and effectiveness of bevacizumab, which was approved in Japan in 2013 for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed and or recurrent malignant glioma.

Methods
This was a prospective, observational, multicenter post-marketing surveillance study. Patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent malignant glioma scheduled for bevacizumab treatment were enrolled. The incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions were calculated. The effectiveness of bevacizumab was assessed by the 1-year survival rate and the overall survival rate.

Results
The safety analysis set and the effectiveness analysis set each comprised 258 of the 268 enrolled patients: tumours were newly diagnosed in 80 patients (31%) and recurrent in 178 patients (68.9%). The incidence of grade ≥ 3 adverse drug reactions was 15.1%. Adverse drug reactions of special interest included 14 cerebral bleeding events and 11 infections. Of the 80 patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma, 44 (55%) were alive throughout the 18-month observation period. The 1-year survival rate for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma was 78%. Median overall survival was not calculated, but 51.2% of patients were alive at the last date of observation of the last observed patient. In patients with recurrent glioblastoma, the 1-year survival rate was 38.9%, and the median overall survival was 10.2 months.

Conclusions
The results suggest no new safety concerns, and the effectiveness might be similar to previously reported data in clinical trials. Therefore, bevacizumab is considered as one of the treatment options for patients with malignant glioma in real-world clinical practice.
Lateral Moves, Promotions, and Task-Specific Human Capital: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Jin Xin , Waldman Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the link between lateral mobility and promotions. The first part of the paper extends the theoretical literature by incorporating lateral moves into a job assignment model with task-specific human capital accumulation. The model thus predicts that workers who are laterally moved in one period are more likely to be subsequently promoted and experience larger wage growth compared with workers who are not laterally moved. In addition, workers with very high levels of education are less likely to be laterally moved compared with workers with lower levels of education. We test the model’s predictions using a large employer–employee linked panel dataset on senior managers in a sample of large US firms during the period 1981 to 1985. Our findings support the theoretical predictions and show the importance of lateral mobility in wage and promotion dynamics. (JEL J31, M51)
Compression of cystic duct caused by focal nodular hyperplasia
Authors: Bente Andreea , Ouedraogo Moussa , Kasbawala Kinjal N , Glasgow Kristen M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A 29-year-old female presenting with symptoms of biliary colic was found to have a liver mass compressing the cystic duct. Due to the anatomical placement of the growth, the compressed duct produced symptoms mimicking acute cholecystitis. The mass was diagnosed as focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) upon biopsy. FNH is commonly found incidentally with nonhepatic clinical presentation or during an unrelated surgical procedure. The scope of this paper is to bring awareness to uncommon causes of biliary colic. To our knowledge, there has been one other paper published with FNH being the primary cause of biliary colic.
Clustering constraints on the relative sizes of central and satellite galaxies
Authors: Hearin Andrew , Behroozi Peter , Kravtsov Andrey , Moster Benjamin 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We empirically constrain how galaxy size relates to halo virial radius using new measurements of the size- and stellar mass-dependent clustering of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that small galaxies cluster much more strongly than large galaxies of the same stellar mass. The magnitude of this clustering difference increases on small scales, and decreases with increasing stellar mass. Using forward-modelling techniques implemented in Halotools, we test an empirical model in which present-day galaxy size is proportional to the size of the virial radius at the time the halo reached its maximum mass. This simple model reproduces the observed size dependence of galaxy clustering in striking detail. The success of this model provides strong support for the conclusion that satellite galaxies have smaller sizes relative to central galaxies of the same halo mass. Our findings indicate that satellite size is set prior to the time of infall, and that a remarkably simple, linear size–virial radius relation emerges from the complex physics regulating galaxy size. We make quantitative predictions for future measurements of galaxy–galaxy lensing, including dependence upon size, scale, and stellar mass, and provide a scaling relation of the ratio of mean sizes of satellites and central galaxies as a function of their halo mass that can be used to calibrate hydrodynamical simulations and semi-analytic models.
An X-ray and optical study of the outbursting behaviour of the SMC Be X-ray binary SXP 91.1
Authors: Monageng I M , Coe M J , Kennea J A , Townsend L J , Buckley D A H , McBride V A , Udalski A , Evans P A , Roche P D 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
In this paper we report on the optical and X-ray behaviour of the Be X-ray binary, SXP 91.1, during a recent type I outburst. We monitored the outburst using the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. These data were supported by optical data from the Southern African Large Telescope and the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) to show the circumstellar disc activity. Matter from this disc accretes on to the neutron star, giving rise to the X-ray outburst as seen in the synchronous evolution of the optical and X-ray light curves. Using data taken with OGLE we show that the circumstellar disc has exhibited stable behaviour over two decades. A positive correlation is seen between the colour and magnitude from the OGLE and massive compact halo object observations, which indicates that the disc is orientated at relatively low-inclination angles. From the OGLE and Swift data, we demonstrate that the system has shown relative phase offsets that have persisted for many years. The spin period derivative is seen to be at maximum spin-up at phases when the mass accretion rate is at maximum. We show that the neutron star in SXP 91.1 is an unusual member of its class in the sense that it has had a consistent spin period derivative over many years, with the average spin-up rate being one of the highest for known Small Magellanic Cloud pulsars. The most recent measurements of the spin-up rate reveal higher values than the global trend, which is attributed to the recent mass accretion event leading to the current outburst.
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products in follicles is associated with poor oocyte developmental competence
Authors: Takahashi Nozomi , Harada Miyuki , Azhary Jerilee M K , Kunitomi Chisato , Nose Emi , Terao Hiromi , Koike Hiroshi , Wada-Hiraike Osamu , Hirata Tetsuya , Hirota Yasushi , Koga Kaori , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) affect the follicular microenvironment. The close relationship between AGEs, proinflammatory cytokine production and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which involves activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), is crucial for regulation of various cellular functions. We examined whether accumulation of AGEs in follicles was associated with proinflammatory cytokine production and activation of the UPR in granulosa cells and decreased oocyte developmental competence. Concentrations of AGEs, soluble receptor for AGE (sRAGE), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in follicular fluid (FF) were examined by ELISAs in 50 follicles. mRNA expression of ATF4, IL-6 and IL-8 in cumulus cells (CCs) were examined by quantitative RT-PCR in 77 samples. Cultured human granulosa-lutein cells (GLCs) were treated with AGE-bovine serum albumin (BSA) alone or following transfection of ATF4-targeting small interfering RNA. The AGE concentration and the AGE/sRAGE ratio in FF were significantly higher in follicles containing oocytes that developed into poor-morphology embryos (group I) than those with good-morphology embryos (group II). When compared with sibling follicles from the same patients, the AGE/sRAGE and concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in FF, as well as ATF4, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression in CCs, were significantly higher in group I follicles than group II. AGE treatment increased mRNA expression of ATF4, IL-6 and IL-8 in cultured GLCs. Knockdown of ATF4 abrogated the stimulatory effects of AGE on mRNA expression and protein secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. Our findings support the idea that accumulation of AGEs in follicles reduces oocyte competence by triggering inflammation via activation of ATF4 in the follicular microenvironment.
RNA degradomes reveal substrates and importance for dark and nitrogen stress responses of Arabidopsis XRN4
Authors: Nagarajan Vinay K , Kukulich Patrick M , von Hagel Bryan , Green Pamela J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractXRN4, the plant cytoplasmic homolog of yeast and metazoan XRN1, catalyzes exoribonucleolytic degradation of uncapped mRNAs from the 5′ end. Most studies of cytoplasmic XRN substrates have focused on polyadenylated transcripts, although many substrates are likely first deadenylated. Here, we report the global investigation of XRN4 substrates in both polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated RNA to better understand the impact of the enzyme in Arabidopsis. RNA degradome analysis demonstrated that xrn4 mutants overaccumulate many more decapped deadenylated intermediates than those that are polyadenylated. Among these XRN4 substrates that have 5′ ends precisely at cap sites, those associated with photosynthesis, nitrogen responses and auxin responses were enriched. Moreover, xrn4 was found to be defective in the dark stress response and lateral root growth during N resupply, demonstrating that XRN4 is required during both processes. XRN4 also contributes to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) and xrn4 accumulates 3′ fragments of select NMD targets, despite the lack of the metazoan endoribonuclease SMG6 in plants. Beyond demonstrating that XRN4 is a major player in multiple decay pathways, this study identified intriguing molecular impacts of the enzyme, including those that led to new insights about mRNA decay and discovery of functional contributions at the whole-plant level.
A Means to an End and an End in Itself: Select Committee Membership, Parliamentary Roles and Parliamentary Careers, 1979–Present
Authors: McKay Stephen , Goodwin Mark , Holden Bates Stephen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCommittees are important vehicles for parliamentary careers both as means to a (ministerial) end and as an end in themselves. This article explores the relationship between select committee membership and parliamentary career by analysing committee membership and frontbench appointments for the 2130 Members of Parliament (MPs) first elected since 1979. We focus on two of Donald Searing’s four informal backbench roles—Policy Advocates and Parliament Men and Women—and three of the four formal leadership roles—Whips, Junior Ministers and Ministers. The membership patterns of select committees suggest that MPs approach this aspect of their parliamentary work in different ways concomitant with the roles of Generalist and Specialist Policy Advocates and Good House of Commons Men and Women. The membership patterns also suggest that different groups of MPs—by party, gender and ethnicity—often (choose or are forced to) approach committee work in different ways. We also find membership of some committees is more strongly associated with leadership roles than others.
Plant Specialized Metabolism Regulated by Jasmonate Signaling
Authors: Chen Xueying , Wang Dan-Dan , Fang Xin , Chen Xiao-Ya , Mao Ying-Bo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As sessile and autotrophic organisms, plants have evolved sophisticated pathways to produce a rich array of specialized metabolites, many of which are biologically active and function as defense substances in protecting plants from herbivores and pathogens. Upon stimuli, these structurally diverse small molecules may be synthesized or constitutively accumulated. Jasmonate acids (JAs) are the major defense phytohormone involved in transducing external signals (such as wounding) to activate defense reactions, including, in particular, the reprogramming of metabolic pathways that initiate and enhance the production of defense compounds against insect herbivores and pathogens. In this review, we summarize the progress of recent research on the control of specialized metabolic pathways in plants by JA signaling, with an emphasis on the molecular regulation of terpene and alkaloid biosynthesis. We also discuss the interplay between JA signaling and various signaling pathways during plant defense responses. These studies provide valuable data for breeding insect-proof crops and pave the way to engineering the production of valuable metabolites in future.
Effect of biologics and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs on fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Choy Ernest H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom in patients with RA. Since 2007, fatigue has been included as one of the core outcome measures in RA. Clinical trials of biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) have included fatigue as a secondary endpoint. A Cochrane review in 2016 concluded that the bDMARDs have a moderate effect on improving fatigue in RA. More recent clinical trials of the new biologic agent sarilumab and the Janus kinase inhibitors tofacitinib and baricitinib showed similar benefits. It remains unclear whether the effect of bDMARDs and tsDMARDs on fatigue is mediated by direct effects or through a reduction in inflammation. As fatigue was a secondary endpoint, many analyses did not adjust for potential confounding factors, including pain, mood and anaemia, which is a significant limitation.
Aberrant reward dynamics in trait anticipatory anhedonia
Authors: Zhou Shiyu , Nie Lu , Wang Zhao , Wang Mengyao , Zheng Ya 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As a cardinal feature of several psychiatric disorders, anhedonia includes a consummatory component (deficits in hedonic response to rewards) and an anticipatory component (a reduced motivation to pursue them). Although being conceptualized as impairments of reward system, the neural characterization of reward processing in anhedonia is hampered by the enormous heterogeneity in the reward phase (‘wanting’ vs ‘liking’) and comorbidity (inherent to disease states). The current event-related potential (ERP) study examined the reward dynamics of anticipatory anhedonia in a non-clinical sample. Anticipatory and consummatory ERP components were assessed with a monetary incentive delay task in a high anticipatory anhedonia (HAA) group and a low anticipatory anhedonia (LAA) group. HAA vs LAA group showed a diminished reward-related speeding during behavioral performance and reported overall reduced positive affect during anticipation and receipt of outcomes. Importantly, neural dynamics underlying reward processing were negatively associated with anticipatory anhedonia across the anticipatory phase indexed by the contingent negative variation and the consummatory phase indexed by the feedback P3. Our results suggest that anticipatory anhedonia in non-clinical individuals is linked to a poor modulation during both anticipatory and consummatory phases of reward processing.