bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study protocol for a single-blind, randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial of internet-based versus face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Rück Christian , Lundström Lina , Flygare Oskar , Enander Jesper , Bottai Matteo , Mataix-Cols David , Andersson Erik 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionExpert guidelines recommend cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) as a first-line treatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but the majority of patients with OCD do not have access to CBT. Internet-delivered CBT (ICBT) has the potential to make this evidence-based treatment more accessible while requiring less therapist time than traditional face-to-face (f2f) CBT. Data from six clinical trials suggest that ICBT for OCD is both efficacious and cost-effective, but whether ICBT is non-inferior to traditional f2f CBT for OCD is yet unknown.Methods and analysisA single-blind, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial comparing therapist-guided ICBT, unguided ICBT and individual (f2f) CBT for adult OCD patients. The primary objective is to investigate whether ICBT is non-inferior to gold standard f2f CBT. Secondary objectives are to investigate if ICBT is equally effective when delivered unguided, to establish the cost-effectiveness of ICBT and to investigate if the treatment outcome differs between self-referred and clinically referred patients. Participants will be recruited at two specialist OCD clinics in Stockholm and also through online self-referral. Participants will be randomised to one of three treatment conditions: F2f CBT, ICBT with therapist support or unguided ICBT. The total number of participants will be 120, and masked assessments will be administered at baseline, biweekly during treatment, at post-treatment and at 3-month and 12-month follow-ups. The main outcome measure is the clinician-rated Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) at 3-month follow-up. The margin of non-inferiority is set to 3 points on the Y-BOCS using a 90% CI.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Regional Ethics Board of Stockholm (REPN 2015/1099-31/2) and registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02541968). The study will be reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement for non-pharmacological trials. The results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated to patient organisations and media.Trial registration numberNCT02541968; Pre-results.
Perspectives on involvement in the peer-review process: surveys of patient and public reviewers at two journals
Authors: Schroter Sara , Price Amy , Flemyng Ella , Demaine Andrew , Elliot Jim , Harmston Rebecca R , Richards Tessa , Staniszewska Sophie , Stephens Richard 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveIn 2014/2015,The BMJandResearch Involvement and Engagement(RIE) became the first journals to routinely include patients and the public in the peer review process of journal articles. This survey explores the perspectives and early experiences of these reviewers.DesignA cross-sectional survey.Setting and participantsPatient and public reviewers forThe BMJandRIEwho have been invited to review.ResultsThe response rate was 69% (157/227) for those who had previously reviewed and 31% (67/217) for those who had not yet reviewed. Reviewers described being motivated to review by the opportunity to include the patient voice in the research process, influence the quality of the biomedical literature and ensure it meets the needs of patients. Of the 157 who had reviewed, 127 (81%) would recommend being a reviewer to other patients and carers. 144 (92%) thought more journals should adopt patient and public review. Few reviewers (16/224, 7%) reported concerns about doing open review. Annual acknowledgement on the journals’ websites was welcomed as was free access to journal information. Participants were keen to have access to more online resources and training to improve their reviewing skills. Suggestions on how to improve the reviewing experience included: allowing more time to review; better and more frequent communication; a more user-friendly process; improving guidance on how to review including videos; improving the matching of papers to reviewers’ experience; providing more varied sample reviews and brief feedback on the usefulness of reviews; developing a sense of community among reviewers; and publicising of the contribution that patient and public review brings.ConclusionsPatient and public reviewers shared practical ideas to improve the reviewing experience and these will be reviewed to enhance the guidance and support given to them.
Improving the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a study protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Cowie Julie , Campbell Pauline , Dimova Elena , Nicoll Avril , Duncan Edward A S 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionSustaining effective interventions in hospital environments is essential to improving health outcomes, and reducing research waste. Current evidence suggests many interventions are not sustained beyond their initial delivery. The reason for this failure remains unclear. Increasingly research is employing theoretical frameworks and models to identify critical factors that influence the implementation of interventions. However, little is known about the value of these frameworks on sustainability. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence regarding the use of theoretical frameworks to maximise effective intervention sustainability in hospital-based settings in order to better understand their role in supporting long-term intervention use.Methods and analysisSystematic review. We will systematically search the following databases: Medline, AMED, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL, CDSR, DARE, HTA). We will also hand search relevant journals and will check the bibliographies of all included studies. Language and date limitations will be applied. We will include empirical studies that have used a theoretical framework (or model) and have explicitly reported the sustainability of an intervention (or programme). One reviewer will remove obviously irrelevant titles. The remaining abstracts and full-text articles will be screened by two independent reviewers to determine their eligibility for inclusion. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion, and may involve a third reviewer if required. Key study characteristics will be extracted (study design, population demographics, setting, evidence of sustained change, use of theoretical frameworks and any barriers or facilitators data reported) by one reviewer and cross-checked by another reviewer. Descriptive data will be tabulated within evidence tables, and key findings will be brought together within a narrative synthesis.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as no primary data will be collected. Dissemination of results will be through peer-reviewed journal publications, presentation at an international conference and social media.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017081992.
Values and preferences of men for undergoing prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Vernooij Robin W M , Lytvyn Lyubov , Pardo-Hernandez Hector , Albarqouni Loai , Canelo-Aybar Carlos , Campbell Karen , Agoritsas Thomas 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate men’s values and preferences regarding prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening for prostate cancer.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and grey literature up to 2 September 2017.Eligibility criteriaPrimary studies of men’s values and preferences regarding the benefits and harms of PSA screening.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias with a modified version of a risk of bias tool for values and preferences studies, the International Patient Decision Aid Standards instrument V.3 and the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool.ResultsWe identified 4172 unique citations, of which 11 studies proved eligible. Five studies investigated PSA screening using a direct choice study design, whereas six used decisions aids displaying patient-important outcomes. The direct choice studies used different methodologies and varied considerably in the reporting of outcomes. Two studies suggested that men were willing to forego screening with a small benefit in prostate cancer mortality if it would decrease the likelihood of unnecessary treatment or biopsies. In contrast, one study reported that men were willing to accept a substantial overdiagnosis to reduce their risk of prostate cancer mortality. Among the six studies involving decision aids, willingness to undergo screening varied substantially from 37% when displaying a hypothetical reduction in mortality of 10 per 1000 men, to 44% when displaying a reduction in mortality of 7 per 1000. We found no studies that specifically investigated whether values and preferences differed among men with family history, of African descent or with lower socioeconomic levels.ConclusionThe variability of men’s values and preferences reflect that the decision to screen is highly preference sensitive. Our review highlights the need for shared decision making in men considering prostate cancer screening.Trial registration numberCRD42018095585.
A novel mutual information estimator to measure spike train correlations in a model thalamocortical network
Authors: Gribkova Ekaterina D. , Ibrahim Baher A. , Llano Daniel A. 
Published: September 2018

The impact of thalamic state on information transmission to the cortex remains poorly understood. This limitation exists due to the rich dynamics displayed by thalamocortical networks and because of inadequate tools to characterize those dynamics. Here, we introduce a novel estimator of mutual information and use it to determine the impact of a computational model of thalamic state on information transmission. Using several criteria, this novel estimator, which uses an adaptive partition, is shown to be superior to other mutual information estimators with uniform partitions when used to analyze simulated spike train data with different mean spike rates, as well as electrophysiological data from simultaneously recorded neurons. When applied to a thalamocortical model, the estimator revealed that thalamocortical cell T-type calcium current conductance influences mutual information between the input and output from this network. In particular, a T-type calcium current conductance of ~40 nS appears to produce maximal mutual information between the input to this network (conceptualized as afferent input to the thalamocortical cell) and the output of the network at the level of a layer 4 cortical neuron. Furthermore, at particular combinations of inputs to thalamocortical and thalamic reticular nucleus cells, thalamic cell bursting correlated strongly with recovery of mutual information between thalamic afferents and layer 4 neurons. These studies suggest that the novel mutual information estimator has advantages over previous estimators and that thalamic reticular nucleus activity can enhance mutual information between thalamic afferents and thalamorecipient cells in the cortex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, a novel mutual information estimator was developed to analyze information flow in a model thalamocortical network. Our findings suggest that this estimator is a suitable tool for signal transmission analysis, particularly in neural circuits with disparate firing rates, and that the thalamic reticular nucleus can potentiate ascending sensory signals, while thalamic recipient cells in the cortex can recover mutual information in ascending sensory signals that is lost due to thalamic bursting.
Inpatient Pediatric Epistaxis: Management and Resource Utilization
Authors: Ni Jonathan S. , Kohn Jocelyn , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: Epistaxis is a common condition that rarely warrants hospital admission in the pediatric population, making its inpatient management difficult to study. This study aims to use a nationwide database to analyze trends in the treatment of pediatric patients admitted with epistaxis and determine factors impacting total charges. Methods: The latest (2012) version of the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality was used to identify weighted discharges with the primary diagnosis of epistaxis. Information regarding demographics, comorbidities, treatment, hospital burden, and other admission details were obtained. Linear regression was used to analyze factors suspected to increase cost. Results: Among 372 weighted discharges, the mean age was 9.68 years (SD = 5.79), and 60.0% were male. The most common comorbidities were thrombocytopenia, von Willebrand disease, and chronic sinusitis. The majority of admissions with epistaxis (56.7%) did not undergo any procedure to control epistaxis. Mean total charges was $30 208 (SD = $62 683) with a mean length of stay of 2.46 days (SD = 3.31). Independent predictors of increased charges included longer length of stay, admission from the emergency department, and median household income within the third quartile for patients’ ZIP codes. Midwest hospital region independently predicted decreased charges. Having a procedure to control epistaxis did not significantly impact cost. Conclusions: Pediatric epistaxis admissions often do not require long hospital stays or procedural control of the bleed. However, significant charges are incurred treating epistaxis. Awareness of factors impacting these charges can potentially improve resource utilization.
Preparation and Characterization of Polyurethane Porous Membranes by Particulate-leaching Method
Authors: Iannace Salvatore , Di Maio Ernesto , Nicolais Luigi 
Published: September 2018

Highly porous polyurethane foams were prepared by the particulate-leaching technique, using NaCl as water-soluble solid phase. Melt compounding and compression moulding were used to prepare polymer/salt composite samples. Foams with controlled porosity, surface/volume ratio and pore dimension distribution were therefore obtained after dissolution of salt in distilled water. Dissolution kinetic was evaluated and modelled as a function of filler composition and its size distribution. Kinetic increased by rising salt concentration and by reducing its average size. Mechanical properties of the foams were correlated to their morphological structure and to the properties of polymeric component.
Study of Odours Coming Out of Polyurethane Flexible Foam Mattresses
Authors: Hillier K. , King D.A. , Henneuse C. 
Published: September 2018

Quality of life in Western populations is becoming an ever-growing concern. Higher demands are made in regard to for example comfort and safety. Low emissions of volatile organic compounds and odour criteria have become key performance requirements in most applications. To address this issue, the entire supply chain, from producers to end-users attempts to find ways and means to identify, understand and reduce unexpected emissions and odours. Standard test methods have been developed for the evaluation of a wide range of product/materials emissions. A wide variety of experimental techniques as well as instrumental methods have been used for the sampling and the identification/quantification of volatile components emitted by materials. Work reported here includes the sensory and chemical evaluation of volatiles at low concentration levels (usually in the ppm or even the ppb range). This paper describes the work conducted by EUROPUR (European Association of Flexible Polyurethane Foam Block Manufacturers) for the identification of odour emanating from PU samples. The data shown in this work gives some evidence for the potential contribution of very minor compounds emitted by PU samples to the odour. GC-MS-olfactometry was used to determine which components of the complex mixture of VOCs were primarily responsible for the perceived odour.
Proposed Fire Screening Tests on Plastic Foams with a Cone Calorimeter in Hong Kong
Authors: Chow W.K. , Han S.S. , Ni X.M. 
Published: September 2018

Many big building fires happened in the past involved burning furniture foam. In some places such as Hong Kong, foams treated with fire retardant additives are only required to test their ignitability under a small flame. It was proposed earlier that the behaviour of furniture foam in flashover fires should be assessed more extensively by a cone calorimeter under high radiative heat fluxes. In this paper, this screening approach is further studied using five samples, including three different pillow foams, one mattress foam and one expensive fire-safe sofa foam. Both thermal and smoke aspects were studied in a cone calorimeter under heat fluxes of 20 kWm-2, 30 kWm-2, 50 kWm-2 and 70 kWm-2. It was observed that all the foam samples were burnt under heat fluxes above 30 kWm-2. Only one pillow foam sample was not ignited under a low incident heat flux of 20 kWm-2, but it morphed into a mixture of solid and liquid. Under heat fluxes above 30 kWm-2, the fire-safe foam burnt vigorously; the burning showed no differences from foam without fire retardant. The fire-safe foam even released more smoke and toxic gases with higher carbon monoxide concentration. From the above cone calorimeter test, foams commonly used in the market can only withstand small match fires to delay ignition time. Foam products should be protected by additional provisions, such as an external cover, to protect them against big fires.
Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Endorsement of an American Urological Association/American Society for Radiation Oncology/Society of Urologic Oncology Guideline
Authors: Bekelman Justin E. , Rumble R. Bryan , Chen Ronald C. , Pisansky Thomas M. , Finelli Antonio , Feifer Andrew , Nguyen Paul L. , Loblaw D. Andrew , Tagawa Scott T. , Gillessen Silke , Morgan Todd M. , Liu Glenn , Vapiwala Neha , Haluschak John J. , Stephenson Andrew , Touijer Karim , Kungel Terry , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose In April 2017, the American Urological Association, American Society for Radiation Oncology, and Society of Urologic Oncology released a joint evidence-based practice guideline on clinically localized prostate cancer. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has a policy and set of procedures for endorsing clinical practice guidelines that have been developed by other professional organizations. Methods The Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer guideline was reviewed for developmental rigor by methodologists. An ASCO Expert Panel then reviewed the content and the recommendations. Results The ASCO Expert Panel determined that the recommendations from the Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer guideline were clear, thorough, and based upon the most relevant scientific evidence. ASCO endorsed the Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer guideline except for two recommendations on cryosurgery. The two recommendations covering cryosurgery were not endorsed because the panel found that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of cryotherapy in this setting. Recommendations The ASCO Expert Panel endorsed all but two of the original guideline recommendations as written and offered a series of discussion points to guide practice.
Reasons for Reason-Giving: The Obamacare Debates
Authors: Goodin Robert E. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The demanding and giving of reasons for their actions are core business for public policy makers in a democracy. But there are many different reasons for asking why questions, and correspondingly many different responses that might count as adequate answers. Seven different reasons for reason-giving are here distinguished and categorized along two dimensions: political moralism versus political realism, and high versus low politics. All of those were in play in the enactment and adjudication of the Affordable Care Act. The attempts at repealing it were characterized by low-politics and political-realist modes of reason-giving more exclusively.
Social Insurance and American Health Care: Principles and Paradoxes
Authors: Marmor Theodore R. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Social insurance, like commercial insurance, is about protection against financial risk. In the United States, Medicare and the Social Security Administration's programs for retirement, disability, worker's compensation, and worker's life insurance have become dominant features of American public policy, amounting to more than 41 percent of the federal budget. Yet their fiscal centrality does not rest on anything like an understanding of what makes social insurance social—or why that is so important to American political life. This essay seeks to clarify the crucial differences between social and commercial insurance and elaborates on the conceptual justifications and distinctive operational features of America's social insurance programs.
Mobility and inclusion in multilingual Europe: A brief account of the MIME project
Authors: Grin François 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper offers a succinct presentation of the MIME project on “Mobility and Inclusion in Multilingual Europe”, supported by the European Commission through FP7. This short paper concentrates on essential aspects of the project but also provides pointers to sources with more extensive information, accessible through the project website at www.mime-project.org.
John 11 in the Book of Mormon
Authors: Frederick Nicholas J. , Spencer Joseph M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn a 1978 study, Krister Stendahl traced the use of Johannine theology in the Book of Mormon’s most central narrative: the climactic story of the resurrected Jesus visiting the ancient Americas. According to Stendahl, the reproduction of the Sermon on the Mount with occasional slight variations suggests an attempt at deliberately recasting the Matthean text as a Johannine sermon. Building on Stendahl’s work, this essay looks at the use of John earlier in the Book of Mormon, in a narrative presented as having occurred almost a century before the time of Jesus. In an inventive reworking of the narrative of John 11, the story of the raising of Lazarus, the Book of Mormon suggests that it bears a much more complex relationship to the Johannine theology than its unhesitant embrace at the book’s climax indicates. Broad parallels and unmistakable allusions together make clear that the Book of Mormon narrative means to re-present the story from John 11. But the parallels and allusions are woven with alterations to the basic structure of the Johannine narrative. As in John 11, the reworked narrative focuses on the story of two men, one of them apparently dead, and two women, both attached to the (supposedly) dead man. But the figure who serves as the clear parallel to Jesus is unstable in the Book of Mormon narrative: at first a Christian missionary, but then a non-Christian and racially other slave woman, and finally a non-Christian and racially other queen. But still more striking, in many ways, is the fashion in which the Book of Mormon narrative recasts the Lazarus story in a pre-Christian setting, before human beings are asked to confront the Johannine mystery of God in the flesh. Consequently, although the Book of Mormon narrative uses the basic structure and many borrowed phrases from John 11, it recasts the meaning of this structure and these phrases by raising questions about the meaning of belief before the arrival of the Messiah. The Book of Mormon thereby embraces the Johannine theology of a realized eschatology while nonetheless outlining a distinct pre-Christian epistemology focused on trusting prophetic messengers who anticipate eschatology.