bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and Characterization of Coat Protein Gene of Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) Isolate Infecting Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) in Bingol Province (Turkey)
Authors: GÜLLER Abdullah , USTA Mustafa 
Published: October 2019

Zucchini yellow
mosaic potyvirus
(ZYMV) belongs to family Potyviridae, which causes serious economic losses in
many cucurbits from worldwide. In 2018 (September), leaf samples of pumpkin
exhibiting typical viral symptoms including mosaic, blistering and wrinkling
and healthy pumpkin leaf samples were collected from Bingöl and screened by
Reverse- Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) against ZYMV
infection. Tested leaf samples were reacted positive resulting in an expected
about 840 bp DNA fragments of partial coat protein (CP) gene of ZYMV. ZYMV-CP
gene was further inserted into a pGEM-T Easy prokaryotic cloning vector and
their partial nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid were ascertained. The
provided ZYMV- CP gene sequence consisted of 837 nucleotides in length coded
for 279 amino acid residues of approximately 31.2 kDa. The isolate was
denominated as ZYMV-Bingol and registered with MK689858 accession number in the
NCBI. The sequence of ZYMV- Bingol CP gene were aligned with 21 isolates
deposited in GenBank from different geographical location and its phylogenetic
relationships were determined. Molecular analysis of the ZYMV CP gene sequence
indicated the highest similarity with 100% Turkish isolate (JF317296) and the
lowest with 91.64% of Korea isolate (AF062518), at nucleotide level. Moreover,
phylogenetic analyses revealed that ZYMV Bingöl isolate is clustered with the
Turkish- Adana isolate (JF317296) and Pakistan isolate (AB127936). ZYMV has
been reported for the first time in the pumpkin plant from Bingöl province of
Turkey by this study.
Farklı Sıcaklık ve pH’ın Rotala rotundifolia (Buch-Ham. ex Roxb) Koehne’nın Aksillar Sürgün Rejenerasyonu Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: DOGAN Muhammet 
Published: October 2019

Bitki doku kültürü çalışmalarında sıcaklık ve pH
önemli faktörlerdir. Bu faktörlerin optimizasyonu çoklu bitki üretimi için
önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, farklı sıcaklık (15-30°C) ve pH (5.5-6.6) koşullarında
Rotala rotundifolia (Buch-Ham. ex
Roxb) Koehne’nın etkili ve hızlı üretimi için bir optimizasyon çalışması
amaçlanmıştır. Sıcaklık çalışmalarında, ilk sürgün rejenerasyonları 25°C’de 12.
günde gözlenmiştir. En yüksek sürgün rejenerasyon frekansları (%100) 20 ve
25°C’de elde edilmiştir. Maksimum eksplant başına sürgün sayısı (23.38 adet) ve
en uzun sürgünler (1.74 cm) 25°C’de elde edilmiştir. Farklı pH uygulamalarında,
en yüksek sürgün rejenerasyon oranları (%100) pH 5.5 ve 6’da tespit edilmiştir.
En fazla eksplant başına sürgün sayısı (20.44 adet) ve en uzun sürgünler (1.71
cm) pH 6’da kaydedilmiştir. Eksplantlar genellikle yüksek pH değerlerinde daha
uzun sürgünler vermiştir. Kültür ortamında üretilen sürgünler köklendirildikten
sonra akvaryum ortamına başarıyla alıştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, R. rotundifolia’nın in vitro üretimi için optimum değerler 25°C sıcaklık ve pH 6 olarak
bulunmuştur.
Tarımsal Uygulamalarda Üreticilerin Çevre Algısının Analizi: Edirne İli Örneği
Authors: AYDIN Başak , ÖZTÜRK Ozan , ÖZER Selçuk , ÇEBİ Ülviye , ÖZKAN Erol 
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma, Edirne ilinde damla sulama
desteklemesinden yararlanan ve yararlanmayan üreticilerin tarımsal uygulamalar
konusunda çevre algılarının belirlenmesi amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Edirne ilinde
2012-2017 yılları arasında damla sulama desteği alan 41 üreticinin tamamıyla
anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, aynı sayıda damla sulama
desteği almayan ve damla sulama desteği alan işletmelerle yaklaşık olarak aynı
işletme özelliklerine sahip üreticilerle de anket çalışması yapılmıştır.
Verilerin analizinde ortalama, standart sapma gibi tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden
yararlanılmış ve oluşturulan gruplar arasında farklılık olup olmadığı ki kare
testi ile ortaya konulmuştur. Üreticilerin çevre algılarının analizinde
kümeleme analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Hiyerarşik kümeleme yöntemlerinden Ward
tekniği ve hiyerarşik olmayan kümeleme yöntemlerinden de K-ortalama tekniği
kullanılmıştır. Ki kare testi sonucunda,
“tarımsal ilaçlar ve hormonlar çevreye zarar verir” ve “ilaçlama sırasında
koruyucu maske takarım” yargılarının destek alma durumuna göre değiştiği, diğer
faktörlerin destek alma durumuna göre değişmediği belirlenmiştir. Kümeleme
analizi sonuçlarına göre, birinci kümede yer alan çiftçiler toplam kitlenin
%81.71’ini, ikinci kümede yer alan çiftçiler %1.22’sini ve üçüncü kümede yer
alan çiftçiler ise %17.07’sini oluşturmaktadır. Destek alan üreticilerin
%85.37’si birinci kümede, %14.63’ü üçüncü kümede yer almıştır. Destek almayan
üreticilerin ise %78.05’i birinci kümede, %2.44’ü ikinci kümede, %19.51’i
üçüncü kümede yer almıştır. Sonuç olarak, üreticilerin tarımsal faaliyetler ve
bu faaliyetlerin çevre üzerine olan etkileri konusunda ilgili kurumlar
tarafından eğitilmeleri sağlanmalıdır.
Morchella esculanta Protein Hidrolizatlarında Anjiotensin Dönüştürücü Enzim I’in Peptid İnhibitörlerinin Araştırılması
Authors: ZEYTÜNLÜOĞLU Ali 
Published: October 2019

Mantarlar sağlığa yararlı ve birçok
dejeneratif hastalığa karşı koruyucu çok sayıda aktif bileşen içermelerinden
dolayı alternatif ve tamamlayıcı tıpta terapötik ajanlar olarak
kullanılmaktadır. Morchella esculenta
dünyada yenilebilen en değerli mantar türlerinden biridir. M. esculenta mantarı antimikrobiyal, antiinflamatuvar,
immunostimülatör, antitümör ve antioksidant gibi tıbbi ve farmakolojik
özellikler sergileyen çok sayıda tokoferol, karotenoid, organik asit,
polisakkarit ve fenololik bileşikleri içermektedir. Bu çalışmada M. esculenta mantarının angiotensin
dönüştürücü I (ACE-I) enzimi üzerine inhibitör etkisi incelendi. Mantar
ekstraktından alkalaz enzimi hidrolizi sonrası elde edilen peptid fragmanları
ultrafiltrasyon membranları kullanılarak fraksiyonlandı. Elde edilen
fraksiyonların angiotensin dönüştürücü I (ACE-I) enzimi üzerine inhibitör
etkisi in vitro koşullarda çalışıldı.
Fraksiyonlar içerisinde en yüksek ACE-I inhibisyonu % 94 ile
5kDa&lt;peptidler&lt;10 kDa arasındaki peptidleri içeren fraksiyonda gözlendi.
Bu fraksiyonun ACE-I için IC50 değeri 4,2 µg/ml olarak hesaplandı.
Fraksiyondaki peptid sayısı ve saflığı % 12 SDS-PAGE jel ile belirlendi.
Çalışma sonuçları göstermektedir ki M.
esculenta mantarı hipertansiyon hastalığının önlenmesi ve tedavisinde
kullanılabilecek fonksiyonel peptid türevli gıda bileşenlerine sahiptir.
Yumurtacı Bıldırcınlarda Sıcaklık Stresine Karşı Probiyotik Kullanımının Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: İNCİ Hakan 
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma, karma yemlere ilave edilen
farklı oranlarda (% 0, 0,5 ve 1) probiyotik katkısının Japon bıldırcınlarının
(Coturnix coturnix Japonica) bazı kan parametrelerine olan etkisini belirlemek
amacıyla yapılmıştır. Denemede 56 günlük yaşta 150 adet Japon bıldırcını
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada Total protein, Glikoz, Kolestrol, LDL-C, Klor,
Sodyum, MDA (malondialdehit), ALT (Alanin Aminotransferaz), LDH (Laktat
Dehidrogenaz) ve Magnezyum değerleri gibi kan parametreleri incelenmiştir.
Deneme sonucuna göre; sıcak stresin maruz bırakılan Japon bıldırcınlarının
rasyonlarına ilave edilen probiyotik kullanımının klor, total protein ve
Malondihaldehit ( MDA) değerlerini önemli (P&lt;0.05) &nbsp;derecede etkilediği belirlenmiştir.Buna
karşın, glikoz, kolestrol (LDL), LDL-C, sodyum (Na), alanin transaminaz (ALT),
laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), magnezyum (Mg) değerleri üzerine farklı oranlarda
kullanılan probiyotik katkısının herhangi etkisinin olmadığı ve istatistiksel
olarak bir farkın oluşmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Farklı Ekim Zamanlarında Yetiştirilen Nohut Bitkilerinin Kök Büyümesinin Weibull Modeli ile Tahmini
Authors: KARADAVUT Ufuk , SÖZEN Ömer , YAĞMUR Mehmet 
Published: October 2019

Bitkisel
üretimde verim öncelikli olarak ele alınan konudur. Ancak verim ele alınırken,
genellikle verime etki eden toprak üstü karakterler dikkate alınmaktadır.
Yapılan bu çalışmada kök büyümesinin bitki büyüme ve gelişmesindeki önemine
bağlı olarak nasıl bir kuru madde birikimi geliştirdiğini belirleyerek bunu
büyüme modeli ile tahminlemeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun için dinamik bir model olan
iki, üç ve dört parametreli Weibull modelleri kullanılmıştır. Bitki materyali
olarak Azkan nohut çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Üç farklı zamanda ekimi yapılan
bitkilerin kökleri alınarak taze ve kuru ağrılıkları saptanmıştır. Ayrıca
büyüme oranı, büküm noktası, büyümenin başlangıç noktası ve üst asimptot
değerleri belirlenmiştir. Karşılaştırma ölçütleri olarak da belirleme katsayısı
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(

), hata kareler ortalamasının karekökü (

) ve ki kare (

) değeri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak gerek kök taze
ağırlığında ve gerekse de kök kuru ağırlıklarında dört parametreli Weibull
modelinin diğer modellere göre daha başarılı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İki
parametreli modelin ise en düşük uyumu gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ekim zamanları
bakımından ise en yüksek tahminleme başarısı ikinci ekim zamanında olurken, en
düşük tahminleme başarısı ise üçüncü ekim zamanında olmuştur.
Status and development of powder metallurgy nickel-based disk superalloys
Authors: Yang Lebiao , Ren Xiaona , Ge Changchun , Yan Qingzhi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNickel-based superalloys are crucial materials for the development of aero-engine components, since their excellent properties can meet the demands of turbine disks. For the formation of such alloys, powder metallurgy is considered as the ideal method, due to the resultant uniform composition and structure, fine grain, high yield strength, and good fatigue performance. This paper provides a critical review of the development of powder metallurgy nickel-based disk superalloys, their composition, as well as the evolution of the nickel-based superalloys' microstructure in the past few decades. Moreover, the influence of various elements on the material properties and the three major defects of powder metallurgy superalloys are reviewed. The analysis indicates that these defects may be directly or indirectly caused by the quality of the powder. Therefore, the innovative powder techniques of electrode induction melting gas atomization and spark plasma discharge spheroidization are presented, in order to prepare ceramic-free and superfine nickel-based superalloy powders. The powders prepared by electrode induction melting gas atomization and spark plasma discharge spheroidization have been found to be beneficial in improving the properties of powder metallurgy nickel-based disk superalloys.
Prevalence of sleep problems and its relation to sleeping habits in toddlers
Authors: Maree Sima , Mohammadi Zidi Esa , Yari Saeed , Javadi Maryam 
Published: October 2019

Background: Sleep problems in children have serious physical and psychological consequences such as obesity, aggression and attention deficit disorder in toddlers. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and its relation with sleeping habits of toddlers in 2017.
Methods: By random sampling from rural families of Razan city of Hamadan province, 120 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old children were selected and data collection tools included contextual questions, medical history and 33-question questionnaire of children's sleep habits (CSHQ) completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, independent t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression.
Results: The mean age of the children was 22.82±7.53 months and 55% of them were boys and the prevalence of sleep problems was 70.8% (95% confidence interval: 71.9-69.7). The average sleep duration of the children was 11 hours and more than 60% of the children went to bed after 23 o'clock. Results show that age is an important factor in most dimensions of CSHQ and age predicts daytime sleepiness (β = -0.263), nocturnal wakefulness (β = -0.113) and duration, Sleep time (β = -0.108) and sleep resistance (β = 0.194) respectively. Also, parents' education and child's current weight were predictors of subscales of CSHQ questionnaire (P <0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between sleep duration with infant sleep anxiety (r = 0.527) and resistance to sleep (r = 0.473) as well as nocturnal wakefulness with parasomnia (r = 0.416) (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Given the alarming prevalence of sleep problems in toddlers in the present study and the impact of some changeable factors on children's sleep health, designing interventions aimed at educating mothers to improve healthy sleep habits in toddlers is necessary.
Guerra e paz: uma abordagem jurídico-filosófica
Authors: Guedes de Lima Francisco Jozivan , Calgaro Cleide , Debarba Gabriel Dall’agnol 
Published: October 2019

O debate contemporâneo nas teoria das relações internacionais é marcado por duas perspectivas: de um lado a perspectiva do realismo político que concebe a paz como um ideal inacessível e a guerra como meio necessário para a aquisição e manutenção do poder; e de outro lado a perspectiva do normativismo ou idealismo que pensa o fim (telos) das relações internacionais para além dos conflitos de interesse e da luta por poder. A primeira perspectiva trata as relações internacionais em nível do ser (daquilo que é), a segunda em nível do dever ser (nível normativo). Tendo em vista esse cenário, a nossa ideia neste artigo consiste em abordar o problema da guerra e da paz a partir de um estudo interdisciplinar mediante contribuições do Direito Internacional Público e da Filosofia de Kant. Num primeiro momento analisaremos o paradoxo da guerra, em seguida o papel do Direito Internacional Público para a problemática da paz, e por último as contribuições de Kant para a redefinição normativa do direito internacional a partir do seu projeto republicano da liga de paz (foedus pacificum).
Low Appendicular Lean Mass Index and Associations with Metabolic and Demographic Parameters in Wheelchair Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Fernndez Shirley Steffany Muñoz , Ribeiro Sandra Maria Lima 
Published: October 2019

Background: People suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI) undergo metabolic and physical disturbances that target the skeletal muscle, causing a progressive loss of muscle mass. Objective: To estimate the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) in athletes with traumatic (T-group) and non-traumatic (NT-group) SCI, and its association with metabolic and demographic parameters. Methods: Wheelchair athletes with SCI aged 18 to 52 years old were included ( n = 62). From DEXA assessment, we estimated the ALM index (ALMI = appendicular lean mass/height2) and classified participants according to the degree of muscle loss (ALMI < 2 SD from the reference populations). Fasting blood was assayed for glycaemia, insulin, cortisol, and IGF-1 serum levels. Data were compared by T-test and Fisher’s Exact Test; predictors of ALMI were investigated by linear regression models. Results: The frequency of low ALMI was 63% in overall sample, 55% T-group and 71% NT-group. Low ALMI had no significant association with the origin of injury (X2 = 1.1, p = 0.29). Linear regression analyses showed significant association, in the whole sample, between ALMI and serum levels of IGF-1 (Beta = 0.69; p < 0.001), age (Beta=–5.8; p < 0.001), percentage fat mass (Beta=–0.26; p = 0.001), and energy intake (Beta = 0.32; p = 0.02). These significances were not maintained in the NT-group sub-analyses. Conclusions: Low ALMI was very frequent in our SCI participants, despite exercising and independently of the type of injury. Metabolic and demographic variables associated with low ALMI were different according to the origin of injury, which possibly relies on physiopathology particularities. More studies are necessary to clarify our findings.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DIRECT INSTRUCTION BERBANTUAN MEDIA ANIMASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 BATU LAYAR
Authors: Maliki Imam Maksum Al , Doyan Aris , ‘Ardhuha Jannatin 
Published: October 2019

This study is a quasi experimental study that aims to determine the effect of using direct instruction model with animation media to the academic achievement of physiscs in student class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Batu Layar. The population in this study were all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Batu Layar that were 87 students. Whereas the students of class VIIIA which are 22 students as the experimental group and 22 students of class VIIIC as a control group. Sampling methode was random cluster sampling. The Research design using pre-test - post-test control group design. Based on Pre-test result, the average mark of class VIIIA and class VIIIC were 24.70 and 28.95, respectively. Post-test result gave the information that the average mark of class VIIIA and class VIIIC were 79.29 and 71.62 respectively. Research hypotesis was analyzed using polled varians t-test. It can be concluded that there was a different in physics academic achievement between experimental group and control group, where the experimental group using direct instruction model with animation media as the treatment and the control group using direct instruction only. The academic achievement of experimental group were better than control group, it can be a reason to say that the treatment by using direct instruction model with animation media gave the positive effect to the academic achievement of physiscs in student class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Batu Layar.
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN SCIENTIFIC TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA
Authors: Syadzili As’ad Furqon , Ahzan Sukainil , Pangga Dwi 
Published: October 2019

This research aimed to know there is or no effect of scientific approach toward student’s motivation and learning achievement. The kind of this research was experimental research. Design of this research used pretest and posttest one group design, with population was all students of XI IPA at SMAN 1 Kopang. Sample of this research consist of two classes that is class XI IPA 1 as experimental group and class XI IPA 2 as control group which used random sampling tachnique. Mean of pretest was 23,21 in experimental group and 30,15 in control group. Mean of posttest was 74,74 in experimental group and 57,68 in control group. Percentage of student’s learning motivation was increased 59,85% (low) in experimental group and 64,65% (quite) became 82,40% (high) in experimental group and 76, 56% (quite) in control group. The data of homogenity and normality was homogen and normal distribution. The data analysis used t-test. The result of t-test was 3,89 for motivation and 5,47 for learning achievement and t-table was 1,99 in 5% level of significant with t-test > t-table. This research showed that there is effect of scientific approach toward student’s motivation and learnig achievement at eleventh year students of SMAN 1 Kopang.
PEMBELAJARAN GUIDED DISCOVERY DALAM UPAYA REMEDIASI MISKONSEPSI MATERI LISTRIK DINAMIS CALON GURU
Authors: Thohir M. Anas 
Published: October 2019

This study aims to remediate student misconceptions on dynamic electrical materials. Remediation activities are conducted in two stages. First, the development of guided discovery learning devices and misconception diagnostic test instruments. The development follows the 4-D model stage. The second phase is, the implementation of learning in 35 students of Physics Education in 2011 State University of Surabaya through Design One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Student misconceptions data were analyzed by CRI analysis and learning implementation data were analyzed by mean of stepping. The data of the research shows that the average value of learning is 3.6 (very good category). Initial misconception profiles are found on every concept before learning and decline after remediation. At the drift speed concept, students experienced misconceptions 66% and 31% after application. In the concept of 'Ohm's law' 26% to 3%, source voltage parallel series strewed 71% to 43%, current consumption model 63% to 46%, series and parallel impact on power 80% to 46%, energy on battery 40% to 37%, electrical circuit typology 69% to 51%, electric power in mixed circuit 51% to 17%, current on a circuit 40% to 11%, potential difference between two points 43% to 9%, use of measuring instrument electricity (ampermeter and voltmeter) in the series 37% to 26%, and Kirchhoff rules 20% to 26%. The results of this data analysis can be concluded that the learning tools developed can reduce student misconception.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN POCKET BOOK SISWA DENGAN TEKNIK EVALUASI MEDIA PUZZLE CERIA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR
Authors: Mukminah Mukminah , Sukroyanti Bq Azmi , Fuaddunazmi Muhammad 
Published: October 2019

Thie aims of this research was to measure the influence of student pocket book usage by using evaluation technique on cheerful puzzle media towards activity and the learning outcomes of physic, on vibration and wave. The research implied on Quasi Experiment with the design of Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The research sample taken by purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used on the collecting data process is observation sheet and multiple choice test. Based on the average of student activity on the experiment class was higher than class control. Based on the data, on the experiment class found that the average of the first meeting was 73,33%, and on the second meeting was found that 81,33%. Which categorized as very good and excellent, meanwhile on the control class for the first meeting was found the average of student activity was 64% and the second meeting shown that 57,3% which categorized enough and good enough. The average of the result of study on experiment class was 52,5 and for the class control was 53,8. In tears of posttest data resulted, the average of experiment class was 70,67, and the control class was 65,17. Based on the result of t-test data, posttest resulted tcalculate > ttable (14,05>2,03) with = 5%, and found that alternative hypothesis (Ha) accepted. Thus it can be conclude that there is influence of using pocket book for student with the evaluation technique on cheerful puzzle media towards activity and learning outcomes study on the topic vibration and wave at SMP 11 Mataram.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LANGSUNG (DIRECT INSTRUCTION) DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA
Authors: Purnamasari Nurkomaria , Habibi Habibi , Hidayat Samsun 
Published: October 2019

This research aimed to know the effect of direct instruction model with contextual approach toward students concept comprehension in class XI SMA PGRI Sape. The method of this research was quasy-experimental with research design was pretest-posttest control group design. Population of this research is taken from all students in grade XI IPA. The research sample used was a class XI IPA 3 as an experimental class and class XI IPA 1 as the control class. The sampling technique using Simple Random Sampling. The technique of data colletion used instrument test in the form of essays. Analysis of data using homogenity, normality test, hypothesis testing. Hypothesis test (t-test) students concept comprehension obtained t = 9.67 ≥ table = 2.002. It can be concluded that the direct instruction model with contextual approach significantly affect students concept comprehension.PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LANGSUNG (DIRECT INSTRUCTION) DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA