bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivating landowners to recruit neighbors for private land conservation
Authors: Niemiec R. M. , Willer R. , Ardoin N. M. , Brewer F. K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEncouraging motivated landowners to not only engage in conservation action on their own property but also to recruit others may enhance effectiveness of conservation on private lands. Landowners may only engage in such recruitment if they believe their neighbors care about the conservation issue, will positively respond to their conservation efforts, and are likely to take action for the conservation cause. We designed a series of microinterventions that can be added to community meetings to change these beliefs to encourage landowner engagement in recruitment of others. The microinterventions included neighbor discussion, public commitment making, collective goal setting, and increased observability of contributions to the conservation cause. In a field experiment, we tested whether adding microinterventions to traditional knowledge‐transfer outreach meetings changed those beliefs so as to encourage landowners in Hawaii to recruit their neighbors for private lands conservation. We delivered a traditional outreach meeting about managing the invasive little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) to 5 communities and a traditional outreach approach with added microinterventions to 5 other communities. Analysis of pre‐ and post‐surveys of residents showed that compared with the traditional conservation outreach approach, the microinterventions altered a subset of beliefs that landowners had about others. These microinterventions motivated reputationally minded landowners to recruit and coordinate with other residents to control the invasive fire ant across property boundaries. Our results suggest integration of these microinterventions into existing outreach approaches will encourage some landowners to facilitate collective conservation action across property boundaries.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for ureteral stent removal after kidney transplantation
Authors: Lee Jennifer H. , Muthukumar Thangamani , Kim Jim , Aull Meredith J. , Watkins Anthony , Kapur Sandip , Hartono Choli 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere are no guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis for ureteral stent removal after kidney transplantation. We reviewed the charts of 277 adult kidney transplant recipients with ureteral stents transplanted at our center between September 2014 and December 2015 and investigated whether antibiotic prophylaxis for stent removal was associated with reduced incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI). We defined UTI as a urine culture ≥104 CFU/mL of bacterial isolates irrespective of symptoms. Primary outcome was the incidence of UTI within four weeks of stent removal. Among the 277 recipients, 199 (72%) were on sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMZ/TMP) as Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis. At the time of ureteral stent removal, 56 recipients (20%) received additional antibiotic prophylaxis (ABX+) and 221 (80%) did not (ABX‐). The difference in the incidence of UTI in the ABX(+) group (16%) and ABX(−) group (19%) was not statistically significant (P = 0.85). Variables independently associated with the development of UTI were recipient age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, [95% confidence interval 1.01‐1.07]) and UTI while stents were in situ (OR 3.9 [2.00‐7.62]). Use of SMZ/TMP was protective (OR 0.35 [0.18‐0.7]). Our study does not show a statistically significant benefit for additional antibiotic prophylaxis for ureteral stent removal. Antibiotic prophylaxis may be beneficial for recipients not on SMZ/TMP at the time of stent removal.
Gestational diabetes and adiposity are independent risk factors for perinatal outcomes: a population based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Hildén K. , Hanson U. , Persson M. , Magnuson A. , Simmons D. , Fadl H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the interaction effects of gestational diabetes (GDM) with obesity on perinatal outcomes.MethodsA population‐based cohort study in Sweden excluding women without pre‐gestational diabetes with a singleton birth between 1998 and 2012. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the potential independent associations of GDM and BMI with adverse perinatal outcomes as well as their interactions. Main outcome measures were malformations, stillbirths, perinatal mortality, low Apgar score, fetal distress, prematurity and Erb's palsy.ResultsSome 1,294,006 women were included, with a GDM prevalence of 1% (n = 14,833). The rate of overweight/obesity was 67.7% in the GDM‐group and 36.1% in the non‐GDM‐group. No significant interaction existed. Offspring of women with GDM had significantly increased risk of malformations, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.16 (95% confidence intervals 1.06–1.26), prematurity, aOR 1.86 (1.76–1. 98), low Apgar score, aOR 1.36 (1.10–1.70), fetal distress, aOR 1.09 (1.02–1.16) and Erb's palsy aOR 2.26 (1.79–2.86). No risk for stillbirth or perinatal mortality was seen. Offspring of overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), obese (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2) and severely obese women (BMI ≥ 35.0 kg/m2) had significantly increased risks of all outcomes including stillbirth 1.51 (1.40–1.62) to 2.85 (2.52–3.22) and perinatal mortality 1.49 (1.40–1.59) to 2.83 (2.54–3.15).ConclusionsThere is no interaction effect between GDM and BMI for the studied outcomes. Higher BMI and GDM are major independent risk factors for most serious adverse perinatal outcomes. More effective pre‐pregnancy and antenatal interventions are required to prevent serious adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with either GDM or high BMI.
Association between HbA1c and the development of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes
Authors: Choudhury M. , Taylor P. , Morgan P. H. , Duckers J. , Lau D. , George L. , Ketchell R. I. , Wong F. S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsTo examine HbA1c as a predictor of risk for future development of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes and to assess the association with the development of retinopathy in people with cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes.MethodsA 7‐year retrospective longitudinal study was conducted in 50 adults with cystic fibrosis, comparing oral glucose tolerance test results with HbA1c values in predicting the development of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. Retinal screening data were also compared with HbA1c measurements to assess microvascular outcome.ResultsAn HbA1c value ≥37 mmol/mol (5.5%; hazard ratio 3.49, CI 1.5–8.1) was significantly associated with the development of dysglycaemia, as defined by the oral glucose tolerance test over a 7‐year period. Severity of diabetic retinopathy was associated with a higher HbA1c and longer duration of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes.ConclusionThere is a link between HbA1c level and the future development of dysglycaemia in cystic fibrosis based on oral glucose tolerance test, as well as microvascular outcomes. Although current guidance does not advocate the use of HbA1c as a diagnostic tool in cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes, it may be of clinical use in determining individuals at risk of future development of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes.
Understanding the July 2016 Military Coup: The Contemporary Security Dilemma in Turkey
Authors: Kardas Tuncay , Balci Ali 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study explores the link between religious identity and conflict in contemporary Turkey by examining the dramatic reversals in the relations between the country’s two prominent Islamic social forces, the ruling party AKP and the Gülen Organization. It shows how a particular trajectory of power and identity between the two religious forces transformed into a brutal security competition in the Turkish society and polity. It puts the analytical foci on the following puzzle: how did the Gülen community — once a confidential ally of AKP — turn into a coup plotter in the Turkish military to bring down the elected government? In order to explore the puzzle, the study offers significant departures from the standard approaches to religious identity and conflict by employing a distinct concept — the inter‐societal security dilemma.
Feral horse impacts on threatened plants and animals in sub‐alpine and montane environments in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Cherubin Rebecca C. , Venn Susanna E. , Driscoll Don A. , Doherty Tim S. , Ritchie Euan G. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryFeral herbivores are a major driver of biodiversity loss globally and can alter the structure, composition and functioning of ecosystems. The direct impacts of feral herbivores on plant communities are well studied, but the direct and indirect effect they have on wildlife is not well understood. In Victoria (south‐eastern Australia), a large feral Horse (Equus caballus) population coincides with highly sensitive and nationally endangered Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens communities, and several threatened animal species. We assessed the impact of feral horses on this ecological community and the Alpine Water Skink (Eulamprus kosciuskoi) and the Broad‐toothed Rat (Mastacomys fuscus) at 20 sites with varying levels of horse disturbance. We used scat counts to determine an index of feral horse abundance and quantified impacts associated with their presence in the landscape. Active searches were used for Alpine Water Skink and scat and runway surveys for Broad‐toothed Rat. We also measured the vegetation structure and the abundance of different vegetation types (life forms). Our results suggest that feral horses are associated with vegetation types and characteristics that negatively influence the presence or abundance of Alpine Water Skink and Broad‐toothed Rat. Sites with high horse activity had more low‐growing forbs, and the abundance of Alpine Water Skink was negatively related to this vegetation type. Grasses, sedges, rushes and shrubs were also less dense and lower in height in high horse activity sites, and Broad‐toothed Rat was less likely to be present in areas with these habitat attributes. We recommend that feral horses are controlled to protect these threatened vertebrate species and their Sphagnum bog habitat.
Impacts of feral horses and deer on an endangered woodland of Kosciuszko National Park
Authors: Ward‐Jones Jessica , Pulsford Ian , Thackway Richard , Bishwokarma Dipak , Freudenberger David 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn recent years, the impacts of rapidly increasing populations of feral horses and deer on the vegetation and stability of soils have become highly visible and widespread in Kosciuszko National Park. We investigated these impacts in the White Cypress Pine (Callitris glaucophylla Joy Thomps. & L.A.S. Johnson) – White Box (Eucalyptus albens Benth) woodlands of the lower Snowy River valley. This woodland is a component of the White Box‐Yellow Box‐Blakely's Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grasslands complex that is nationally listed as a critically endangered ecological community. To investigate the severity of the impacts of feral horse (Equus caballus) and deer (Dama dama and Rusa unicolor) in the valley in 2013 and 2017/18, we surveyed fenced exclosures and paired grazed plots that were first established and surveyed in 1984 and re‐surveyed in 1987. Using LFA and VAST methodologies (not used in 1987), we compared the relative response of environmental variables in plots inside and outside the exclosures in an attempt to ascertain recent herbivore impacts. While there was no evidence of horses or deer from dung surveys in 1987, in 2018, 84% of the dung was from horses, 13% from deer, 1% from rabbits and 2% from macropods. Total herbivore dung density increased fourfold since the 1987 survey. On the understanding that all plots had the same starting condition in 1984 with respect to prior herbivory, we deduce that horses and deer are having significant ecological impacts. There was a far greater cover of understorey plants and the midstorey was denser and taller inside the exclosures. Outside the exclosures, the vegetation cover was far more sparse and soil erosion was active and extensive. The total number of invertebrates captured in small pitfall traps was nearly twice as many within the exclosures compared to the grazed plots. The dense even‐aged regrowth overstorey stands of White Cypress Pine, inside and outside the exclosures, have changed little in 34 years.
Adding carbon at a standard and a higher rate reduces soil nitrate in a grassy woodland
Authors: Morris Edward Charles , Gibson‐Roy Paul 
Published: January 2019

SummaryC addition has been used successfully in grassland restoration in Australia, generally as sucrose at a standard rate of 840 g C/m2/year. Previous experiments that have varied the rate of soil carbon application to reduce nitrate to favour native over nitrophilous exotic species have found that the benefits can increase over the whole range used for some native species, but only appear above particular rates of C addition for others. A restoration trial of degraded grassy woodland on former agricultural land in western Sydney combined burning and slashing to remove biomass with C addition at the standard rate, and a high rate, to reduce soil nitrate on the burnt or slashed plots. Soil was sampled for extractable nitrate, ammonium and phosphorus, and plant root simulator probes were used to measure nitrate and ammonium supply. Both extractable nitrate and nitrate supply were periodically high in the controls, at which times C addition at the standard rate significantly reduced extractable nitrate with an even greater reduction at the high rate, and resulted in negative relationships between nitrate supply and added C. Effects of added C on extractable nitrate or nitrate supply were not detectable in non‐peak periods. Extractable ammonium and ammonium supply were either unaffected or increased with added C. Colwell phosphorus showed temporal variation but was unresponsive to added C. Of the three nutrients, only the decline in nitrate matched the decline in plant cover which was lowest in value at the high carbon rate (Morris & Gibson‐Roy 2018). In the absence of added C, extractable nitrate was less than control values in the fire and slash treatments 1 year after treatment application but was similar to control values at other times.
Impacts of feral horses in the Australian Alps and evidence‐based solutions
Authors: Driscoll Don A. , Worboys Graeme L. , Allan Hugh , Banks Sam C. , Beeton Nicholas J. , Cherubin Rebecca C. , Doherty Tim S. , Finlayson C. Max , Green Ken , Hartley Renée , Hope Geoffrey , Johnson Chris N. , Lintermans Mark , Mackey Brendan , Paull David J. , Pittock Jamie , Porfirio Luciana L. , Ritchie Euan G. , Sato Chloe F. , Scheele Ben C. , Slattery Deirdre A. , Venn Susanna , Watson David , Watson Maggie , Williams Richard M. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryNew evidence of impacts by feral horses in Australia's alpine parks systems confirms they endanger threatened species and extensively damage critically endangered bog communities that could take millennia to recover. These impacts are not confounded by effects of deer and accumulate over time, even when only a small number of feral horses (~100) are present. With protected areas representing only a small proportion of the area of the Australian states of New South Wales (9.3%) and Victoria (17%), allowing feral horses to degrade reserves is not a reasonable management compromise, is contrary to the purpose of the protected area system and conflicts with international obligations. Modelling and decades of management experience indicate that trapping alone does not control feral horse numbers. Trapping and fertility control can work in small populations, but not when there are several thousand horses in remote areas. Aerial culling is needed to cost‐effectively and humanely control feral horse populations. The relatively small amount of suffering feral horses experience during a cull is outweighed by (i) avoiding suffering and death of horses from starvation and thirst, (ii) avoiding the suffering of native animals displaced by horses and (iii) avoiding the ethical concerns of driving threatened species towards extinction. Objections to aerial culling on welfare and cultural grounds are contradicted by evidence. Improving knowledge in the general community about what is at stake is long overdue because without this knowledge, small groups with vested interests and unfounded claims have been able to dominate debate and dictate management actions. As a result of ineffective management, horse populations are now expanding and causing well‐documented damage to Australia's alpine parks, placing at risk almost $10M spent on restoration after livestock grazing ended. The costs of horse control and restoration escalate the longer large horse populations remain in the alpine parks. It is crucial that feral horse numbers are rapidly reduced to levels where ecosystems begin to recover. Aerial culling is needed as part of the toolbox to achieve that reduction.
How can the social sciences work with ecology in informing feral horse policy and management in south‐eastern Australia?
Authors: Knight Alexandra R. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryFeral horse management is a complex social issue. Committed and active stakeholders hold strong beliefs regarding both the level of culling needed and humane approaches to control. Ecological evidence supporting control and expert advice on ethical culling can, in such contexts, have limited effect in policy development and application. Given this complexity, social scientists have an important role to play in developing longer term solutions. Three possible approaches are evident: the use of knowledge exchange and boundary spanning expertise; the proactive development of publicly available evidence‐informed narratives; and the development of influence and leadership at the science–policy interface. Social scientists, ecologists, managers and policymakers need to work together to develop and implement sound management decisions.
Art Culture and Environments
Authors: Armstrong Evelyn A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article addresses the embodied, emotional, spiritual, cultural, and socio‐political relationship that appears in visual representation and in environmental art. With a turn away from nihilistic binary barriers between representational, nonrepresentational, and narrative art, I draw upon the ethico‐aesthetic paradigm which calls for reflective thought on subjective perception and the power of first‐hand multicultural experiences. (On my use of the terms “aesthetics” and “ethics,”I wish to note that they carry notions belonging to personal emotional and critical values, including the capacity of experiencing nature and works of art from an emotional perspective. Following Felix Guattari: “the aesthetic power of feeling [is deemed] equal in principle with other powers of thinking philosophically” (Félix Guattari, Chaosmosis: An Ethico‐aesthetic Paradigm [Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1995, 101].) This tradition also calls for respect for sentiment, imagination, and creative expression. It places high value on images, objects, and things that reflect lived experiences. To a greater degree, regardless of how bleak things appear, the ethico‐aesthetic tradition calls for getting involved in practical activities that have a future.
Nicotinamide for photoprotection and skin cancer chemoprevention: A review of efficacy and safety
Authors: Snaidr Victoria A. , Damian Diona L. , Halliday Gary M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNicotinamide is a water‐soluble vitamin B3 derivative that has many roles in medicine. This review examines the role of nicotinamide in dermatology and its actions in preventing photoageing and skin cancers in humans. Nicotinamide prevents ultraviolet radiation (UV) from reducing ATP levels and inhibiting glycolysis, thus preventing the UV radiation‐induced energy crisis. This enhances DNA repair and reduces UV‐induced suppression of immunity. Randomised controlled clinical trials have also shown that nicotinamide reduces transepidermal water loss and the development of new non‐melanoma skin cancers in high‐risk humans. This review also examines nicotinamide's safety profile.
3‐O‐Laurylglyceryl ascorbate improves the development of sensitive skin through the reduction of oxidative stress
Authors: Katsuyama Yushi , Taira Norihisa , Tsuboi Tatsuya , Yoshioka Masato , Okano Yuri , Masaki Hitoshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSkin sensitivity is a serious problem for many people, and it can be induced by various factors such as UV irradiation, physical and mental stresses, air pollution, dry air and so on. Skin dryness triggered by UV and dry air is one of the most important causes inducing the development of sensitive skin, and it has been reported that oxidative stress contributes to skin dryness. In this study, we investigated whether treatment with 3‐O‐laurylglyceryl ascorbate (VC‐3LG), which is an amphipathic ascorbic acid derivative, can suppress the development of sensitive skin. The results demonstrate that VC‐3LG restores the expression levels of interleukin‐1α, nerve growth factor and matrix metalloprotease‐9 in the dry skin models of reconstructed human epidermal equivalents (RHEEs) and in H2O2‐treated keratinocytes. In addition, VC‐3LG suppresses the dendrite elongation of nerve cells induced in RHEEs by dry skin conditions and by H2O2 treatment of keratinocytes. Therefore, we consider that treatment of the skin with VC‐3LG is an effective approach to improve the development of sensitive skin.
Basic analysis of facial ageing: The relationship between the superficial musculoaponeurotic system and age
Authors: Okuda Itsuko , Yoshioka Naoki , Shirakabe Yukio , Akita Keiichi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is an anatomical structure involved in the facial ageing process. We aimed to evaluate the SMAS laxity using multi‐detector row computed tomography (MDCT) as a diagnostic tool, and to analyse the relationship between SMAS laxity and age.MethodsFifty‐seven female subjects (aged 21‐57 years) were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided into two age groups: one below the mean age (Group Y, 30 subjects) and one over it (Group O, 27 subjects). The Posture Change (PC)‐induced SMAS Laxity Index was measured using reconstructed CT images, and the relationship between the PC‐induced SMAS Laxity Index and age was analysed.ResultsThe PC‐induced SMAS Laxity Index was significantly larger in Group O than in Group Y. As well, a strong and significant positive correlation was detected between the PC‐induced SMAS Laxity Index and age (r = 0.72; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe use of MDCT provides insight into the detailed changes associated with ageing that take place within the cheeks. This study objectively demonstrated that SMAS laxity and age are factors associated with facial ageing, as the SMAS laxity increased with age. Finally, the imaging features confirmed the dermatological and aesthetic knowledge gained from plastic surgery regarding the loss of the SMAS supporting force due to facial ageing.