bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language deficits in specific language impairment, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder: An analysis of polygenic risk
Authors: Nudel Ron , Christiani Camilla A. J. , Ohland Jessica , Uddin Md Jamal , Hemager Nicoline , Ellersgaard Ditte V. , Spang Katrine S. , Burton Birgitte K. , Greve Aja N. , Gantriis Ditte L. , Bybjerg‐Grauholm Jonas , Jepsen Jens Richardt M. , Thorup Anne A. E. , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Werge Thomas 
Published: October 2019

Language is one of the cognitive domains often impaired across many neurodevelopmental disorders. While for some disorders the linguistic deficit is the primary impairment (e.g., specific language impairment, SLI), for others it may accompany broader behavioral problems (e.g., autism). The precise nature of this phenotypic overlap has been the subject of debate. Moreover, several studies have found genetic overlaps across neurodevelopmental disorders. This raises the question of whether these genetic overlaps may correlate with phenotypic overlaps and, if so, in what manner. Here, we apply a genome‐wide approach to the study of the linguistic deficit in SLI, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a discovery genome‐wide association study of SLI, we generate polygenic risk scores (PRS) in an independent sample which includes children with language impairment, SLI, ASD or ADHD and age‐matched controls and perform regression analyses across groups. The SLI‐trained PRS significantly predicted risk in the SLI case–control group (adjusted R2 = 6.24%; P = 0.024) but not in the ASD or ADHD case‐control groups (adjusted R2 = 0.0004%, 0.01%; P = 0.984, 0.889, respectively) nor for height, used as a negative control (R2 = 0.2%; P = 0.452). Additionally, there was a significant difference in the normalized PRS between children with SLI and children with ASD (common language effect size = 0.66; P = 0.044). Our study suggests no additive common‐variant genetic overlap between SLI and ASD and ADHD. This is discussed in the context of phenotypic studies of SLI and related disorders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 369–381. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryLanguage deficits are characteristic of specific language impairment (SLI), but may also be found in other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many studies examined the overlaps and differences across the language deficits in these disorders, but few studies have examined the genetic aspect thereof. In this study, we use a genome‐wide approach to evaluate whether common genetic variants increasing risk of SLI may also be associated with ASD and ADHD in the same manner. Our results suggest that this is not the case, and we discuss this finding in the context of theories concerning the etiologies of these disorders.
Creating an Effective Corrosion Control Program to Eliminate Lead in Drinking Water in Hamilton, Ontario
Authors: Docherty Bill , Kariuki Martha 
Published: October 2019

Key TakeawaysThe City of Hamilton, Ontario, developed a corrosion control program after discovering over 10% of residential plumbing samples had lead concentrations exceeding the maximum allowable concentration of 10 μg/L.Preliminary studies suggested that the best corrosion control method for the city was a phosphate‐based inhibitor that would protect Hamilton customers from all contact sources of lead in drinking water.Multiple public outreach and educational campaigns informed the public of the city's efforts and contributed to the success of its program.
Microalgal flocculation: Global research progress and prospects for algal biorefinery
Authors: Malik Sana , Khan Fahad , Atta Zahida , Habib Nida , Haider Muhammad Nabeel , Wang Ning , Alam Asraful , Jambi Ebtihaj Jamaluddin , Gull Munazza , Mehmood Muhammad Aamer , Zhu Hui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicroalgal research has made significant progress due to versatile and high‐value industrial applications of microalgal biomass or its derivatives. However, to explore their full potential and to achieve commercial robustness, microalgal biorefinery needs cost‐effective technologies to produce, harvest, and process the microalgal biomass on large scale as higher production and harvesting cost is one of the key hindrances in the commercialization of algae‐based products. Among several other algal biomass harvesting technologies, self‐flocculation seems to be an attractive, low‐cost, and eco‐friendly harvesting technology. This review covers various flocculation‐based methods that have been employed to harvest microalgal biomass with a special emphasis on self‐flocculation in microalgae. Moreover, genetic engineering approaches to induce self‐flocculation in non‐flocculating microalgae along with the factors affecting self‐flocculation and recent research trends have also been discussed. It is concluded that self‐flocculation is the most desired approach for the energy‐ and environment‐efficient harvesting of microalgal biomass. However, its poorly understood genetic basis needs to be deciphered through detailed studies to harness its potential for the algal biorefinery.
Modified subintimal transcatheter withdrawal: A novel technique for hematoma decompression to facilitate distal reentry during coronary chronic total occlusion recanalization
Authors: Vo Minh N. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Pershad Ashish , Grantham J. Aaron 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA controlled antegrade dissection and reentry technique is the most commonly employed crossing strategy for long coronary chronic total occlusions. The development of compressive hematoma is a recognized complication and results in the impairment of distal vessel visualization and hinders successful reentry attempts. We describe a novel technique utilizing a widely available microcatheter to decompress the subintimal hematoma to restore distal visualization and allow successful reentry.
Tri‐ and Tetranuclear Metal‐String Complexes with Metallophilic d10–d10 Interactions
Authors: Olaru Marian , Kögel Julius F. , Aoki Risa , Sakamoto Ryota , Nishihara Hiroshi , Lork Enno , Mebs Stefan , Vogt Matthias , Beckmann Jens 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe reaction of 2,6‐F2C6H3SiMe3 with Ph2PLi provided 2,6‐(Ph2P)2C6H3SiMe3 (1), which can be regarded as precursor for the novel anionic tridentate ligand [2,6‐(Ph2P)2C6H3]− (PCP)−. The reaction of 1 with [AuCl(tht)] (tht=tetrahydrothiophene) afforded 2,6‐(Ph2PAuCl)2C6H3SiMe3 (2). The subsequent reaction of 2 with CsF proceeded with elimination of Me3SiF and yielded the neutral tetranuclear complex linear‐[Au4Cl2(PCP)2] (3) comprising a string‐like arrangement of four Au atoms. Upon chloride abstraction from 3 with NaBArF4 (ArF=3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3) in the presence of tht, the formation of the dicationic tetranuclear complex linear‐[Au4(PCP)2(tht)2](BArF4)2 (4) was observed, in which the string‐like structural motif is retained. Irradiation of 4 with UV light triggered a facile rearrangement in solution giving rise to the dicationic tetranuclear complex cyclo‐[Au4(PCP)2(tht)2](BArF4) (5), which comprises a rhomboidal motif of four Au atoms. In 3–5, the Au atoms are associated by a number of significant aurophilic interactions. The atom‐economic and selective reaction of 3 with HgCl2 yielded the neutral trinuclear bimetallic complex [HgAu2Cl3(PCP)] (6) comprising significant metallophilic interactions between the Au and Hg atoms. Therefore, 6 may be also regarded as a metallopincer complex [ClHg(AuCAu)] between HgII and the anionic tridentate ligand [2,6‐(Ph2PAuCl)2C6H3]− (AuCAu)− containing a central carbanionic binding site and two “gold‐arms” contributing pincer‐type chelation trough metallophilic interactions. Compounds 1–6 were characterized experimentally by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography and computationally using a set of real‐space bond indicators (RSBIs) derived from electron density (ED) methods including Atoms In Molecules (AIM), the Electron Localizability Indicator (ELI‐D) as well as the Non‐Covalent Interaction (NCI) Index.
Anticancer Potential of Diiron Vinyliminium Complexes
Authors: Rocco Dalila , Batchelor Lucinda K. , Agonigi Gabriele , Braccini Simona , Chiellini Federica , Schoch Silvia , Biver Tarita , Funaioli Tiziana , Zacchini Stefano , Biancalana Lorenzo , Ruggeri Marina , Pampaloni Guido , Dyson Paul J. , Marchetti Fabio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Fabio Marchetti at the Università di Pisa and Paul J. Dyson at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201902885.
Unravelling the genetic causes of mosaic islet morphology in congenital hyperinsulinism
Authors: Houghton Jayne AL , Banerjee Indraneel , Shaikh Guftar , Jabbar Shamila , Laver Thomas W , Cheesman Edmund , Chinnoy Amish , Yau Daphne , Salomon‐Estebanez Maria , Dunne Mark J , Flanagan Sarah E 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCongenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) causes dysregulated insulin secretion which can lead to life‐threatening hypoglycaemia if not effectively managed. CHI can be sub‐classified into three distinct groups: diffuse, focal and mosaic pancreatic disease. Whilst the underlying causes of diffuse and focal disease have been widely characterised, the genetic basis of mosaic pancreatic disease is not known. To gain new insights into the underlying disease processes of mosaic‐CHI we studied the islet tissue histopathology derived from limited surgical resection from the tail of the pancreas in a patient with CHI. The underlying genetic aetiology was investigated using a combination of high depth next‐generation sequencing, microsatellite analysis and p57kip2 immunostaining. Histopathology of the pancreatic tissue confirmed the presence of a defined area associated with marked islet hypertrophy and a cytoarchitecture distinct from focal CHI but compatible with mosaic CHI localised to a discrete region within the pancreas. Analysis of DNA extracted from the lesion identified a de novo mosaic ABCC8 mutation and mosaic paternal uniparental disomy which were not present in leukocyte DNA or the surrounding unaffected pancreatic tissue. This study provides the first description of two independent disease‐causing somatic genetic events occurring within the pancreas of an individual with localised mosaic CHI. Our findings increase knowledge of the genetic causes of islet disease and provide further insights into the underlying developmental changes associated with β‐cell expansion in CHI.
Relevance of Antibody Validation for Flow Cytometry
Authors: Kalina Tomas , Lundsten Kelly , Engel Pablo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAntibody reagents are the key components of multiparametric flow cytometry analysis. Their quality performance is an absolute requirement for reproducible flow cytometry experiments. While there is an enormous body of antibody reagents available, there is still a lack of consensus about which criteria should be evaluated to select antibody reagents with the proper performance, how to validate antibody reagents for flow cytometry, and how to interpret the validation results. The achievements of cytometry moved the field to a higher number of measured parameters, large data sets, and computational data analysis approaches. These advancements pose an increased demand for antibody reagent performance quality. This review summarizes the codevelopment of cytometry, antibody development, and validation strategies. It discusses the diverse issues of the specificity, cross‐reactivity, epitope, titration, and reproducibility features of antibody reagents, and this review discusses the validation principles and methods that are currently available and those that are emerging. We argue that significant efforts should be invested by antibody users, developers, manufacturers, and publishers to increase the quality and reproducibility of published studies. More validation data should be presented by all stakeholders; however, the data should be presented in sufficient experimental detail to foster reproducibility, and community effort shall lead to the public availability of large data sets that can serve as a benchmark for antibody performance. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The evolution of climate tolerance in conifer‐feeding aphids in relation to their host's climatic niche
Authors: Arnal Pierre , Coeur d'acier Armelle , Favret Colin , Godefroid Martin , Qiao Ge‐Xia , Jousselin Emmanuelle , Sanchez Meseguer Andrea 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClimate adaptation has major consequences in the evolution and ecology of all living organisms. Though phytophagous insects are an important component of Earth's biodiversity, there are few studies investigating the evolution of their climatic preferences. This lack of research is probably because their evolutionary ecology is thought to be primarily driven by their interactions with their host plants. Here, we use a robust phylogenetic framework and species‐level distribution data for the conifer‐feeding aphid genus Cinara to investigate the role of climatic adaptation in the diversity and distribution patterns of these host‐specialized insects. Insect climate niches were reconstructed at a macroevolutionary scale, highlighting that climate niche tolerance is evolutionarily labile, with closely related species exhibiting strong climatic disparities. This result may suggest repeated climate niche differentiation during the evolutionary diversification of Cinara. Alternatively, it may merely reflect the use of host plants that occur in disparate climatic zones, and thus, in reality the aphid species' fundamental climate niches may actually be similar but broad. Comparisons of the aphids' current climate niches with those of their hosts show that most Cinara species occupy the full range of the climatic tolerance exhibited by their set of host plants, corroborating the hypothesis that the observed disparity in Cinara species' climate niches can simply mirror that of their hosts. However, 29% of the studied species only occupy a subset of their hosts' climatic zone, suggesting that some aphid species do indeed have their own climatic limitations. Our results suggest that in host‐specialized phytophagous insects, host associations cannot always adequately describe insect niches and abiotic factors must be taken into account.
Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of 2‐Methyl‐4,6‐Dinitrophenol using Bismuth Bulk Electrode
Authors: Majidian Mahsa , Raoof Jahan Bakhsh , Fischer Jan , Barek Jiri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis work reports the application of bismuth bulk electrode (BiBE) for the determination of 2‐methyl‐4,6‐dinitrophenol (MDNP) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in Britton‐Robinson buffer of pH 12.0 as an optimal medium. BiBE was prepared by transferring molten bismuth into a glass tube under constant stream of nitrogen. The linear concentration dependences were measured from 1 to 10 μmol ⋅ L−1 and from 10 to 100 μmol ⋅ L−1 by using optimum accumulation potential of −0.7 V and optimum accumulation time 30 s. Under these conditions limit of determination and limit of quantification was 0.45 and 1.5 μmol ⋅ L−1, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of tap water as a model sample.
A New Sensor with Increased Lifetime Based on a Mixed Diazonium Thick Film/Gold Nanoparticles Interface for Hg(II) Trace Detection
Authors: Fezai Fatma , Séverac Childérick , Gros Pierre , Meireles Martine , Evrard David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis work describes a novel strategy for surface functionalization, the aim of which is to significantly increase the lifetime of an electrochemical sensor dedicated to Hg(II) trace determination. In order to tailor stable mixed organic/inorganic interfaces, gold nanoparticles were electrodeposited onto a glassy carbon electrode previously functionalized by a thick 4‐thiophenol diazonium film, which affords a good anchoring to the nanoparticles. AFM and FEG‐SEM were used to characterize the film thickness and the nanoparticles average size and density, respectively. By using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, the sensor exhibited a linear response between 1 and 10 nM Hg(II) and a normalized sensitivity 0.03 μA nM−1 min−1. Compared to previous works, the storage lifetime of the interface was at least three times longer, being more than three weeks.
A novel approach for protein identification from complex cell proteome using modified peptide mass fingerprinting algorithm
Authors: Singh Sumit Kumar , Goel Garvit , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA unique peptide based search algorithm for identification of protein mixture using PMF is proposed. The proposed search algorithm utilizes binary search and heapsort programs to generate frequency chart depicting the unique peptides corresponding to all proteins in a proteome. The use of binary search program significantly reduces the time for frequency chart preparation to ∼2 s for a proteome comprising ∼23 000 proteins. The algorithm was applied to a three‐protein mixture identification, host cell protein (HCP) analysis, and a simulation‐generated data set. It was found that the algorithm could identify at least one unique peptide of a protein even in the presence of fourfold higher concentration of another protein. In addition, two HCPs that are known to be difficult to remove were missed by MS/MS approach and were exclusively identified using the presented algorithm. Thus, the proposed algorithm when used along with standard proteomic approaches present avenues for enhanced protein identification efficiency, particularly for applications such as HCP analysis in biopharmaceutical research, where identification of low‐abundance proteins are generally not achieved due to dynamic range limitations between the target product and HCPs.
Nitrogen and Sulfur Co‐Doped Graphene‐Like Carbon from Industrial Dye Wastewater for Use as a High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Lin Yannan , Chen Hui , Shi Yulin , Wang Gang , Chen Long , Wang Fu , Li Shiqi , Yu Feng , Zhang Lili 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNitrogen and sulfur co‐doped graphene‐like carbon (N,S‐GLC) is successfully prepared in a one‐step hydrothermal reaction of glucose with industrial dye wastewater followed by chemical activation. The nitrogen and sulfur are sourced entirely from the industrial wastewater. The process not only provides an alternative way of treating industry wastewater, but also offers a green route for recovering energy from the waste in the form of chemicals. The resultant N,S‐GLC shows a good degree of graphitization, a high specific surface area (1734 m2 g−1), and moderate heteroatom doping (N: 2.1 at%, S: 0.7 at%). The N,S‐GLC electrode displays high specific capacitance of 275 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 with a retention of 65.4% at 20 A g−1 in 6 m KOH. Moreover, the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor cell shows a capacitance of 38 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, which is equivalent to an energy density of 6.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 275.0 W kg−1. This approach provides an alternative and sustainable way of fabricating heteroatom‐doped graphene‐like carbon materials for use in high‐performance supercapacitors.
At the Limit – Soft‐ground tunnelling under the city highway of Toronto
Authors: Urschitz Gerhard J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring the Design‐Build‐Finance procurement of the “RER Highway 401 Rail Tunnel”, the option with two single SEM tunnels was selected as preferred alternative. The challenges of this project lie not only in the conditions and requirements by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, the owner of the highway above and the existing tunnel beside the new tunnels, but also in construction beneath one of the busiest highways in North America. Pre‐support measures for tunnel excavation, which cannot involve any type of grouting directly beneath the roadway surface, were evaluated based on their risk exposure, resulting in the selection of a pipe jacked umbrella above the tunnel crowns. A sophisticated monitoring programme is implemented with online access at any time to allow for immediate response and implementation of pre‐determined mitigation measures as required.
Application of artificial neural networks for Underground construction – Chances and challenges – Insights from the BBT exploratory tunnel Ahrental Pfons
Authors: Erharter Georg H. , Marcher Thomas , Reinhold Chris 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe interaction of tunnel boring machines with the rock mass is highly influenced by human, technical and geological factors. Interpretation of geological observations and TBM data is currently done on a subjective basis. Technologies based on Artificial Intelligence research, can be used to automatically classify TBM data into rock mass behaviour types. Albeit first results look promising, any technology poses the threat of malicious use that deliberately harms / benefits one or another party.This paper shows how an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can be trained to achieve the best possible rock mass behaviour classification, or how such a system can be misused to yield a more optimistic, respectively pessimistic classification to fortify the interests of one party. However, ANN also pose the chance to serve as an independent objective opinion and to improve the self‐consistency of geological classifications.
Vienna Underground, Neubaugasse Station – Preparatory works and challenges on the surface
Authors: Nebois Christian , Gartner Ilse , Herzfeld Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe U2 station Neubaugasse will become one of the busiest interchange stations in the Vienna underground network, with passengers changing between the existing line U3 running along under the Mariahilfer Straße and the new line U2 crossing the Mariahilfer Straße. The Mariahilfer Straße, one of the best known shopping streets in Vienna with shopping centres and high numbers of passers‐by in the middle of a densely built‐up residential area, and its side streets have been redesigned in the last few years with the aim of traffic calming and creating new public spaces.The building of an underground railway station in such surroundings thus poses a great challenge. Extensive soil investigations, house strengthening measures and utility diversions were carried out in advance. The shafts were constructed top‐down in restricted space conditions. Due to the scarcity of available site facilities areas, deliveries to the site are only possible “just‐in‐time”. Access for local inhabitants and delivery traffic to the side streets, and also for emergency services, has to be maintained during the construction period.
Long‐term experiences for the safety Assessment of exisiting retaining structures in Styria
Authors: Nöhrer Franz , Rebhan Matthias J. , Saurug Bernhard , Marte Roman , Grubinger Stefan S. , Mauerhofer Gottfried 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe road network of the Austrian state of Styria, comprises of about 5,000 retaining structures along a total distance of about 5,100 km. In order to be able to carry out a useful and efficient inspection methode to this number of structures, a risk management (priority management) concept has been developed in collaboration with a university. This is based on the recording of significant parameters regarding the stability of these structures. In addition, the damage potential resulting from a failure of a structure is given, which enables an estimation of the associated risk. These documents can also be used as a design basis or for the determination of necessary inspection measures. The approach presented here is the first version of this concept for existing retaining structures in the state road network and is currently in a phase of trial and validation.