bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay Between the Pandemic and Environmental Stressors
Authors: Haqiqi Iman , Grogan Danielle S. , Bahalou Marziyeh , Liu Jing , Baldos Uris Lantz C. , Lammers Richard , Hertel Thomas W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlobal food security can be threatened by short-term extreme events—including pandemics like COVID-19 and widespread droughts like those experienced in 2015—that negatively impact food production, food purchasing power, and agricultural economic activity. At the same time, environmental pollutants like greenhouse gases (GHGs) can be reduced by the same short-term extreme stressors. Here we consider what would have happened if COVID-19 had co-occurred with a 2015-like drought year. Using a coupled biophysical-economic modeling framework, we evaluate how this compound stress would alter both agricultural sector GHG emissions and change the number of undernourished people worldwide. We further consider three interdependent adaptation options: local water use for crop production, regional shifts in cropland area, and global trade of agricultural products. We find that GHG emissions decline due to reduced economic activity in the agricultural sector, but this decline is paired with large increases in undernourished populations in developing nations. Local and regional adaptations that make use of natural resources enable global-scale reductions in impacted populations via increased global trade.
SIMPLE Economic Theory
Authors: Hertel Thomas W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the economic theory behind the SIMPLE (non-gridded) model. This theory forms the basis for global economic analysis of a wide range of land-based sustainability challenges and solutions. We start with a framework in which the world food system is viewed as one, global entity. Then we introduce trade between regions. Finally, we discuss the implications of more elaborate trade geographies. The gridded model, SIMPLE-G, which is the subject of this book, can be viewed as a spatial disaggregation of one or more regions within the SIMPLE framework. The theory behind the gridded analysis will be covered in Chap. 3.
Benchmark Data: Integrating Biophysical and Economic Information in a Consistent Geospatial Dataset
Authors: Haqiqi Iman , Baldos Uris Lantz C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA multiscale economic analysis requires global, regional, and local data and parameters. This chapter introduces the benchmark data required to describe the current status of human and environmental systems. The behavioral parameters that describe how the system responds to changes and shocks are described in Chap. 7. The benchmark data include geospatial information on input usage and agricultural production as well as regional information about exports, imports, and food consumption in the reference year. After running a SIMPLE-G simulation, these values are expected to change in response to new economic conditions. We obtain these data from a variety of sources (e.g., international databases, satellite imagery, climate and hydrological simulations, and national censuses). These data are then processed and made consistent to produce gridded data that can be used within the model. This consistent, multiscale dataset allows researchers to better understand and predict the impact of certain changes on the human and environmental systems.
Computation and Baseline: Efficient Methods for Solving a Large System of Equations for Projection and Scenario Analysis
Authors: Haqiqi Iman , Baldos Uris Lantz C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe human system’s responses to climate change and conservation policies are often spatially heterogeneous. However, traditional large-scale environmental models often lack the market linkages and spatial granularity necessary to effectively capture these vital linkages. Understanding these responses requires quantitative geospatial modeling that integrates economic and biophysical variables. However, solving these large-scale models is difficult due to high interconnectivity through markets. To address this computational challenge, this chapter explores the promising potential of SIMPLE-G as an example of gridded quantitative models that connect local decisions about land, water, and agricultural production to regional and global markets.
Energy Transition as Space Making: Rescaling of Accelerated Transformations in the Context of Estonia
Authors: Pikner Tarmo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnergy can be seen as an important mediator of relations between humans and natural environments. This chapter focuses on the spatialities of shifting oil shale-dependent energy regimes that bring together territorialisation dynamics and anticipated landscapes in rescaling processes. This study analyses the encounters and narratives within the two main spheres of energy transition in Estonia—negotiating fossil fuel dependencies and territorialising offshore wind resources. By examining these carbon-lowering spheres together, we connect rescaling processes simultaneously to legacies and to emergent characters of energy landscapes. The shift towards more space-dependent energy production is discussed through three sets of relational processes: politicisation of the existing regime; ways of engagements and knowledge exchange; hybridisation along co-constituting of human and non-human agencies.
Numerical Simulation of the Laser Ablation Process of PTFE Propellant
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Li Jian , Zhao Yuanzheng , Zhang Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo avoid the ablation lag problem of pulsed plasma thrusters (PPTs), researchers have used laser ablation as a replacement for spark plug ignition and proposed a new laser-sustained PPT (LS-PPT) (Arai in AIAA J 17:634–640, 1979; Zhang in Theoretical, experimental, and simulation study of laser-sustained pulsed plasma thrusters. Graduate School of National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 2014) Arai et al. (ISAS Rept 544, 1976; AIAA J 15(11):1656–1657, 1977), Arai and Karashimat (Aiaa J 2(2):572–579, 1979) studied the transient ablation problem of the PTFE ablative thermal protection layer on a blunt-body spacecraft during reentry under intense radiative and convective environments. They also elucidated the surface recession of the PTFE layer and the internal temperature and time evolution pattern of the molten layer. Finally, they constructed a phase change ablation model of a one-dimensional (1D) bilayer PTFE (Clark in J Heat Trans T ASME 94: 347–354, 1972), considering the transmittance of the crystalline and molten layers as well as the bulk absorption of radiant energy by the bilayer structure. Stechmann (Numerical analysis of transient Teflon ablation in pulsed plasma thrusters. Worcester Polytechnic Insitute, p 354, 2007) slightly modified the ablation model proposed by Arai et al. and used a volume fraction method to capture the phase change interface between the crystalline and molten layers and obtained the ablation pattern along the surface of the PTFE propellant in the PPT.
Numerical Simulation of the PPT Discharge Process Based on Electromechanical Models
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Li Jian , Zhao Yuanzheng , Zhang Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractZero-dimensional (0D) and one-dimensional (1D) models have low computational complexity and short computation time. In addition, these models can predict the macroscopic performance parameters of a pulsed plasma thruster (PPT), such as the specific impulse, impulse bit, and thrust efficiency. However, these models depend highly on experimental data and empirical parameters. Therefore, it is essential to establish a numerical model that can quickly and accurately predict the performance parameters of a PPT without relying on experimental results. In an electromechanical model, a PPT is equivalent to an electromechanical device in which dynamic and circuit elements interact. It is believed that all the ablated mass of a propellant is concentrated in a very thin current sheet and accelerated and ejected in the form of a slug under the Lorentz force, thereby generating thrust. This type of model can objectively reflect the multiphysical field coupling discharge characteristics of the PPT operation process.
Numerical Simulation of the PPT Discharge Process Based on Magnetohydrodynamic Models
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Li Jian , Zhao Yuanzheng , Zhang Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) discharge process involves complex physical phenomena such as electromagnetism, flow, heat transfer, ionization, and recombination, and there is strong nonlinear coupling between the dynamic behaviors at different spatiotemporal scales. Although electromechanical models can clearly describe the change characteristics of the discharge parameters and the propulsion performance characteristics of the thruster, they fail to reflect the spatiotemporal characteristics of the plasma and its interaction with the electromagnetic field. To gain a deeper understanding of the physical process of PPT discharge plasma acceleration and fully elucidate the internal operating mechanism and energy conversion pattern of the thruster, it is necessary to carry out a detailed and comprehensive study on the PPT discharge process by means of microscopic dynamic theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.
The annual trend of suicide rates from 2010 to 2021 in patients with cannabis use disorder – a national registry study
Authors: Myhre Martin Ø. , Rognli Eline Borger , Walby Fredrik A. , Bramness Jørgen G. , Mehlum Lars 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The temporal trend of suicide in patients with cannabis use disorder (CUD) is important to investigate, considering the recent increases in THC concentration in cannabis products. This study describes the annual suicide rates in patients with CUD from 2010 to 2021. To investigate if any change in suicide rate was specific to CUD, we compared these suicide rates with corresponding data for patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and other substance use disorders (SUDs).

Method
The study used a time series design. We used a national registry linkage between the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry and the Norwegian Patient Registry from 2010 to 2021, including patients with CUD (ICD-10 code F12), AUD (F10), or other SUDs (F11; F13-F16; F18-F19) who died by suicide, supplemented with the total number of patients treated with specific disorders to estimate the suicide rates. The trend was analyzed by comparing the annual suicide rate to 2010 and using Poisson regression, adjusting for gender, age, and mental disorders.

Results
We found increased annual incidence rate ratios for patients with CUD in 2018 (IRR = 2.14 (95% CI 1.14–3.99)) and onwards and an increasing time trend over the study period (IRR = 1.08 (1.05–1.12)). No increases in trends were found for AUD or other SUDs. The time trend for CUD was attenuated when adjusting for depressive or anxiety disorders (aIRR = 1.00 (0.92–1.08)) or other SUDs (aIRR = 0.96 (0.87–1.06)).

Conclusions
Increasing suicide rates were found in patients with CUD. Comorbid anxiety and depression or other SUDs, but not other mental disorders, could partly explain these results.
Degrees of relations on canonically ordered natural numbers and integers
Authors: Bazhenov Nikolay , Kalociński Dariusz , Wrocławski Michał 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigate the degree spectra of computable relations on canonically ordered natural numbers

$$(\omega ,<)$$

(
ω
,
<
)

and integers

$$(\zeta ,<)$$

(
ζ
,
<
)

. As for

$$(\omega ,<)$$

(
ω
,
<
)

, we provide several criteria that fix the degree spectrum of a computable relation to all c.e. or to all

$$\Delta _2$$

Δ
2

degrees; this includes the complete characterization of the degree spectra of so-called computable block functions that have only finitely many types of blocks. Compared to Bazhenov et al. (in: LIPIcs, vol 219, pp 8:1–8:20, 2022), we obtain a more general solution to the problem regarding possible degree spectra on

$$(\omega ,<)$$

(
ω
,
<
)

, answering the question whether there are infinitely many such spectra. As for

$$(\zeta ,<)$$

(
ζ
,
<
)

, we prove the following dichotomy result: given an arbitrary computable relation R on

$$(\zeta ,<)$$

(
ζ
,
<
)

, its degree spectrum is either trivial or it contains all c.e. degrees. This result, and the proof techniques required to solve it, extend the analogous theorem for

$$(\omega ,<)$$

(
ω
,
<
)

obtained by Wright (Computability 7:349–365, 2018), and provide initial insight to Wright’s question whether such a dichotomy holds on computable ill-founded linear orders. This article is an extended version of Bazhenov et al. (in: LIPIcs, vol 219, pp 8:1–8:20, 2022).
The spatial dimension of ageing and growth in European regions
Authors: Nicolini Rosella , Roig José Luis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aims to tackle the potential effects of population ageing on regional growth dynamics in the EU. We collected information at a NUTS2 level for EU countries from the years 2000 to 2020 to understand the extent to which the ageing of EU society might impact the EU convergence process. Our results emphasize that the ageing of EU society does not seem to harm the possibility of regional economic growth if we think that immigrants can fill openings in local labour markets (left by retired persons), as well as new jobs stemming from new services needed by retired persons (mostly in health and daily care). Our outcomes also stress the relevance of considering the spatial dimension of the analysis to detect the place-based dimension of this dynamic and, hence, the need for tailored policies.
The impact of voluntary wheel-running exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviours in response to nicotine cessation in rats
Authors: Zaniewska Magdalena , Brygider Sabina , Majcher-Maślanka Iwona , Gawliński Dawid , Głowacka Urszula , Glińska Sława , Balcerzak Łucja 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Rationale
The literature indicates that nicotine exposure or its discontinuation impair adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rats, though the impact of exercise on this process remains unclear. We have previously shown that disturbances in the number of doublecortin (DCX, a marker of immature neurons)-positive (DCX+) cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus during nicotine deprivation may contribute to a depression-like state in rats.

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the effect of running on hippocampal neurogenesis, depression-like symptoms, and drug-seeking behaviour during nicotine deprivation.

Methods
The rats were subjected to nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/inf) self-administration via an increasing schedule of reinforcement. After 21 sessions, the animals entered a 14-day abstinence phase during which they were housed in either standard home cages without wheels, cages equipped with running wheels, or cages with locked wheels.

Results
Wheel running increased the number of Ki-67+ and DCX+ cells in the DG of both nicotine-deprived and nicotine-naive rats. Wheel-running exercise evoked an antidepressant effect on abstinence Day 14 but had no effect on nicotine-seeking behaviour on abstinence Day 15 compared to rats with locked-wheel access.

Conclusions
In summary, long-term wheel running positively affected the number of immature neurons in the hippocampus, which corresponded with an antidepressant response in nicotine-weaned rats. One possible mechanism underlying the positive effect of running on the affective state during nicotine cessation may be the reduction in deficits in DCX+ cells in the hippocampus.
Non-target screening reveals 124 PFAS at an AFFF-impacted field site in Germany specified by novel systematic terminology
Authors: Schüßler Melanie , Capitain Catharina , Bugsel Boris , Zweigle Jonathan , Zwiener Christian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe uncontrolled release of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) ingredients during a major fire incident in Reilingen, Germany, in 2008 led to significant soil and groundwater contamination. As the identity of fluorochemical surfactants in AFFF are often veiled due to company secrets, it is important to characterize AFFF contaminations and their impact on the environment comprehensively. In this study, we adapted a systematic approach combining a suitable extraction method with liquid chromatography high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) for an extensive non-targeted analysis. Our analysis identified 124 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from 42 subclasses in the contaminated soil (confidence levels of identification between 1 and 3). Typical for AFFF-impacted field sites, these included anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic substances with perfluoroalkyl chains spanning from 3 to 14 carbon atoms. Furthermore, we identified 1 previously unreported substance, and detected 9 PFAS subclasses for the first time in soil. AFFFs have long been employed to extinguish large hydrocarbon fires, yet their environmental consequences remain a concern. This study sheds light on the complex composition of AFFFs at this particularly contaminated area, emphasizing the necessity for extensive contaminant characterization as sound basis for informed management strategies to mitigate their adverse effects. AFFF PFAS are often named differently in the literature, leading to inconsistency in terminology. To address this issue, we introduced partially new terminology for AFFF-related PFAS to establish consistent terminology, to facilitate communication of identified compounds, and to ensure that the chemical structure can be directly derived from acronyms.
Graphical Abstract
Colorimetric aptasensing of microcystin-LR using DNA-conjugated polydiacetylene
Authors: Zhang Man , Zhang Qicheng , Ye Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolydiacetylene (PDA) holds promise as a versatile material for biosensing applications due to its unique optical properties and self-assembly capabilities. In this study, we developed a colorimetric detection biosensor system utilizing PDA and aptamer for the detection of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a potent hepatotoxin found in cyanobacteria-contaminated environments. The biosensor was constructed by immobilizing MC-LR-specific aptamer on magnetic beads, where the aptamer was hybridized with a urease-labelled complementary DNA (cDNA-urease). Upon binding MC-LR, the aptamer undergoes a conformational change to release cDNA-urease. The released cDNA-urease is subsequently captured by PDA bearing a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The enzymatic reaction triggers a distinctive color transition of PDA from blue to red. The results demonstrate exceptional sensitivity, with a linear detection range of 5–100 ng/mL and a limit of detection as low as 1 ng/mL. The practicability of the colorimetric method was demonstrated by detecting different levels of MC-LR in spiked water samples. The recoveries ranged from 77.3 to 102% and the color change, visible to the naked eye, underscores the practical utility for on-site applications. Selectivity for MC-LR over other microcystin variants (MC-RR and MC-YR) was confirmed. The colorimetric detection platform capitalizes on the properties of PDA and nucleic acid, offering a robust method for detecting small molecules with potential applications in environmental monitoring and public health.
Graphical Abstract
Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 as a predictive biomarker of treatment response in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases initiating biologics: secondary analyses based on the prospective BELIEVE cohort study
Authors: Sofíudóttir Bjørk K. , Munk Heidi L. , Christensen Robin , Möller Sören , Overgaard Silja H. , Sorensen Grith L. , Møllegaard Karen M. , Pingel Jessica , Nexøe Anders B. , Glerup Henning , Guldmann Tanja , Pedersen Natalia , Dahlerup Jens Frederik , Hvas Christian L. , Andersen Karina W. , Jawhara Mohamad , Nielsen Ole Haagen , Bergenheim Fredrik Olof , Bygum Anette , Davidsen Jesper R. , Sørensen Signe Bek , Brodersen Jacob B. , Kjeldsen Jens , Andersen Vibeke , Ellingsen Torkell 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers for predicting treatment response in chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs).

Objective
To determine whether serum microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) levels can predict the treatment response to biological therapy in patients with CIDs.

Methods
The BELIEVE study was originally designed as a prospective, multi-center cohort study of 233 patients with either rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, axial spondyloarthritis, Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis, initiating treatment with a biologic agent (or switching to another). Clinical assessment and blood sample collection were performed at baseline and 14–16 weeks after treatment initiation. The primary analyses included participants with available blood samples at baseline; missing data were handled as non-responders. The patients were stratified into the upper tertile of serum MFAP4 (High MFAP4) versus a combined category of middle and lower tertiles (Other MFAP4). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with clinical response to biologic therapy after 14–16 weeks.

Results
211 patients were included in the primary analysis population. The mean age was 43.7 (SD: 14.8) years, and 120 (59%) were female. Positive treatment response was observed in 41 (59%) and 69 (49%) for High MFAP4 and Other MFAP4, respectively. When adjusting for pre-specified variables (CID, age, sex, smoking status, and BMI), the adjusted OR was 2.28 (95% CI: 1.07 to 4.85) for a positive treatment outcome in the High MFAP4 group.

Conclusion
A high MFAP4 status before initiating biological treatment is associated with a positive clinical response, when adjusting for confounding factors.
Proposing adjustments to heat safety thresholds for junior high and high school sports clubs in Japan
Authors: Oyama Takahiro , Honda Yasushi , Fujii Minoru , Nakajima Kenichi , Hijioka Yasuaki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With higher temperatures expected in the future due to global climate change, addressing health risks such as heat illness is increasingly important. In Japan, thousands of heat illness cases occur annually during school sports club activities. The risk may vary by sport, location, and region, but how heat safety thresholds (HSTs) should be adjusted to provide effective guidelines remains uncertain. Thus, we conducted a case-crossover study using data of heat illness cases and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) throughout Japan to evaluate the heat illness risk for the current HSTs and propose adjustments. A significant relationship was found between heat illness incidence and WBGT at the time of the incident, as well as the average WBGT one and two days prior. The risk significantly varies with factors such as club, region, location, year, month, and the average WBGT in summer. Therefore, we recommend lowering the current HSTs by one category (3 °C) in the following cases: (1) clubs at high risk (baseball, softball, soccer/futsal, tennis, track and field, kyudo, and other with sustained exercise or thick uniforms); (2) from April to June; (3) in cooler regions (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Hokuriku, or where the average WBGT in summer≦18℃); (4) for outdoor activities; (5) when heat rapidly increases without adequate heat acclimatization. These findings may inform educators, students, sports authorities, and policymakers in adjusting HSTs to reduce the incidence of heat illness, thereby ensuring safer environments for school sports activities.