bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple, step-by-step guide to interpreting decision curve analysis
Authors: Vickers Andrew J. , van Calster Ben , Steyerberg Ewout W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Decision curve analysis is a method to evaluate prediction models and diagnostic tests that was introduced in a 2006 publication. Decision curves are now commonly reported in the literature, but there remains widespread misunderstanding of and confusion about what they mean.

Summary of commentary
In this paper, we present a didactic, step-by-step introduction to interpreting a decision curve analysis and answer some common questions about the method. We argue that many of the difficulties with interpreting decision curves can be solved by relabeling the y-axis as “benefit” and the x-axis as “preference.” A model or test can be recommended for clinical use if it has the highest level of benefit across a range of clinically reasonable preferences.

Conclusion
Decision curves are readily interpretable if readers and authors follow a few simple guidelines.
The demographic data and the high frequency of chromosome/chromatid breaks as biomarkers for genome integrity have a role in predicting the susceptibility to have Down syndrome in a cohort of Egyptian young-aged mothers
Authors: El-Attar Lama M. , Issa Noha M. , Mahrous Hanan Salah Eldin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Down syndrome (DS) is a common numerical chromosome disorder that has its burden on both family and community. The well-known risk factor for chromosome 21 nondisjunction is advanced maternal age which failed to explain the occurrence of Down syndrome born to mothers less than 35 years. This study aimed to assess the effect of demographic data (consanguinity, residency area, and socioeconomic state) and chromosome/chromatid breaks as biomarkers for genome integrity on the susceptibility of young mothers to have a child with Down syndrome.

Results
Fifty mothers with a history of at least one DS pregnancy before the age of 35 were compared to 50 control mothers. There was a significant increase in DS births in consanguineous parents (46%) compared to 20% in non-consanguineous ones (OR = 3.40; 95% CI = 1.4–8.20, P = 0.006). Young mothers with DS children were more likely to be from rural areas (60%) than urban areas (40%) (OR = 2.66; 95%, CI = 1.18–5.98, P = 0.017) and of a low socioeconomic status (62%) rather than a high socioeconomic status (38%) (OR = 3.80; 95%, CI = 1.65–8.74, P = 0.001).
Chromosome/chromatid breaks were detected in 76% of DS young mothers and 32% of control mothers (P < 0.001). There was an odds ratio of chromatid breaks of 8.50 (3.411–21.17) and chromosome breaks of 3.93 (1.40–11.05) with significant difference between the studied groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.009 respectively).

Conclusion
In addition to advanced maternal age, consanguinity, residency in rural areas, and low socioeconomic status could be considered as possible risk factors for Down syndrome. The high frequency of chromosome/chromatid breaks in young mothers with a previous history of DS children highlights the impact of genome integrity on the tendency to chromosome 21 nondisjunction. These findings are valuable in predicting having a Down syndrome baby and providing proper genetic counseling for high-risk families.
Cancer in Kenya: types and infection-attributable. Data from the adult population of two National referral hospitals (2008-2012)
Authors: Macharia Lucy Wanjiku , Mureithi Marianne Wanjiru , Anzala Omu 
Published: October 2019

Background: Cancer in Africa is an emerging health problem. In Kenya it ranks third as a cause of death after infectious and cardiovascular diseases. Nearly 31% of the total cancer burden in sub-Saharan Africa is attributable to infectious agents. Information on cancer burden is scanty in Kenya and this study aimed to provide comprehensive hospital based data to inform policies. Method: A cross-sectional retrospective survey was conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) from January 2008 to December 2012. Data was obtained from the patients files and the study was approved by the KNH/University of Nairobi and MTRH Ethics and Research Committees. Results: In KNH, the top five cancers were: cervical (62, 12.4%), breast (59, 11.8%), colorectal (31, 6.2%), chronic leukemia (27, 5.4%) and stomach cancer 26 (5.2%). Some 154 (30.8%) of these cancers were associated with infectious agents, while an estimated 138 (27.6%) were attributable to infections. Cancers of the cervix (62, 12.4%), stomach (26, 5.2%) and nasopharynx (17, 3.4%) were the commonest infection-associated cancers. In MTRH, the five common types of cancers were Kaposi’s sarcoma (93, 18.6%), breast (77, 15.4%), cervical (41, 8.2%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (37, 7.4%) and colorectal, chronic leukemia and esophageal cancer all with 27 (5.4%). Some 241 (48.2%) of these cancers were associated with infectious agents, while an estimated 222 (44.4%) were attributable to infections. Kaposi’s sarcoma (93, 18.6%), cancer of the cervix (41, 8.2%) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (37, 7.4%) were the commonest infection-associated cancers. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 30.8% and 48.2% of the total cancer cases sampled in KNH and MTRH respectively were associated with infectious agents, while 27.6% and 44.4% were attributable to infections in the two hospitals respectively. Reducing the burden of infection-attributable cancers can translate to a reduction of the overall cancer burden.
Development of equations for converting random-zero to automated oscillometric blood pressure values
Authors: Yan Li , Wen Xiaoxiao , Dyer Alan R. , Chen Haiyan , Zhou Long , Elliott Paul , Wu Yangfeng , Chan Queenie , Zhao Liancheng 
Published: October 2019

Background: This study aimed to collect data to compare blood pressure values between random-zero sphygmomanometers and automated oscillometric devices and generate equations to convert blood pressure values from one device to the other. Methods: Omron HEM-907, a widely used automated oscillometric device in many epidemiologic surveys and cohort studies, was compared here with random-zero sphygmomanometers. In total, 201 participants aged 40-79 years (37% men) were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups, with blood pressure measurement first taken by automated oscillometric devices or by random-zero sphygmomanometers. The study design enabled comparisons of blood pressure values between random-zero sphygmomanometers and two modes of this automated oscillometric device (automated and manual), and assessment of effects of measurement order on blood pressure values. Results: Among all participants, mean blood pressure levels were the lowest when measured with random-zero sphygmomanometers compared with both modes of automated oscillometric devices. Several variables, including age and gender, were found to contribute to the blood pressure differences between random-zero sphygmomanometers and automated oscillometric devices. Equations were developed using multiple linear regression after taking those variables into account to convert blood pressure values by random-zero sphygmomanometers to automated oscillometric devices. Conclusions: Equations developed in this study could be used to compare blood pressure values between epidemiologic and clinical studies or identify shift of blood pressure distribution over time using different devices for blood pressure measurements.
A opção intelectual: Mário Pedrosa e a política.
Authors: Farias Gomes Victor Emmanuel 
Published: October 2019

Resenha de: KAREPOVS, Dainis. Pas de Politique Mariô!: Mário Pedrosa e a política. Cotia, SP: Ateliê Editorial: São Paulo: Fundação Perseu Abramo, 2017. 291 p.
As vidas abertas da América Latina: escritas (auto)biográficas
Authors: Silva Wilton C. L. , Valero Pie Aurelia 
Published: October 2019

Apresentação. (Dossiê - "As vidas abertas da América Latina: escritas (auto)biográficas"). Revista Maracanan, Rio de Janeiro, n. 22, set.-dez. 2019.
Reconstrução dilacerada: memórias de um proscrito
Authors: Quadros Aurora Cardoso de 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo, com o apoio das elaborações do Stuart Hall sobre Diáspora, tem como objetivo analisar a associação entre a estética e a vida no exílio de Ferreira Gullar, trazendo ao centro o Poema Sujo, publicado em 1976. O momento da criação, que representa a busca do passado, situa-se num período de forte tensão, devido ao recrudescimento dos assédios do Brasil, então sob o regime militar. No impulso de deixar um testemunho da sua vida, acreditando aproveitar desse modo o tempo restante, os versos buscam reconstruir, pela palavra poética, o tempo, a vida e o espaço do proscrito. Observa-se que, ao representar sua trajetória pela arte da palavra, ele escreve a História antagônica que vive. Essa associação entre Poesia e Vida cria, no caso de Gullar, uma configuração que reforça o sentimento advindo da diáspora, pois, ao revolver sua vida, remodela os modos de dizê-la como reflexo do espírito de revolta de que se acomete. A linguagem fortalece o proposital impacto estético, e esse procedimento fortalece o enfrentamento ideológico, em radical contraposição ao conservadorismo.Palavras-chave: Poema sujo. Diáspora. Memória. Rebeldia.
Lugares da literatura e os sentidos dos lugares: transnacionalização, deslocamentos e violência em Bernardo Carvalho
Authors: Fontes Maria Aparecida Rodrigues 
Published: October 2019

Resumo: Com este artigo pretendo interrogar como os deslocamentos, sobretudo no âmbito do projeto de interacionalização da literatura, a partir de conceitos como transnacionalização e da multiplicação de temas ligados à violência, têm sido útil ao mercado editorial e, de certa forma, menos favorável aos projetos de cultura nacional. Isto nos leva a indagar acerca dos lugares da literatura e dos sentidos dos lugares, de sua autonomia em relação a outros modos de discurso, e da capacidade da ficção transnacional de se colocar numa relação ipertextual com os diferentes tecidos históricos sem destituir a obra literária da sua capacidade política de articulação sociocultural. Combinando, portanto, a ideia de deslocamento e ‘estranhamento’ como um valor suplemantar, que possibilita ajustar foco e perspectiva, veremos como Bernardo Carvalho, em O filho da mãe, trata das questões relativas ao transnacional na literatura, através da abordagem de temas comuns às grandes cidades e aos territórios em guerra, cujas especificidades modelam e determinam o comportamento das personagens e as suas relações dentro de uma estrutura social deteriorada pelos conflitos e pela violência.
Sujeitos femininos desenraizados ou as novas experiências do não pertencimento
Authors: Santos Ana Cristina Dos 
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho discute as novas relações com o espaço que resultam das experiências dos deslocamentos e suas consequências para as personagens femininas que configuram a chamada segunda geração do exílio – filhos de pais exilados das ditaduras latino-americanas. Tem também como objetivo verificar de que maneira a perda dos referentes espaciais modificam esses sujeitos femininos desenraizados. Para tanto, analisam-se as personagens femininas principais dos romances Apenas diez (2006), da escritora uruguaia Marisa Silva Schultze e Pasajeros en tránsito (2013), da escritora chilena Rossana Dresdner. Verifica-se que os romances problematizam o contínuo “estar em trânsito” das personagens e suas ambiguidades culturais que permitem, com base nas experiências do deslocamento, a construção de uma subjetividade nômade produtora de sujeitos híbridos e traduzidos. Para a análise proposta, utilizam-se os textos de Norandi (2015) e Espina Bocic; Sanhueza Comte (2014) sobre a segunda geração do exílio; de Brah (2011) e García Canclini (2009) para as noções de espaço e deslocamento; de Said (2003) para as questões de exílio; Benedetti (1983) para o conceito de desexílio e Hall (2005) e Braidotti (2002) para as questões das identidades na contemporaneidade.
An exploratory investigation of investments and economic development in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jones AbdulHafiz Henry James 
Published: October 2019

This proposal highlighted the key areas that warrant further investigation at a more granular level. There is an underlying question that must be answered. This question requires in-depth analysis of the GDP, GDP contribution structure, real GDP growth, foreign and domestic investment inflows, and outflows. Furthermore, an in-depth investigation on the nature of foreign and domestic investment inflows and outflows to include FDI, import and exports, intellectual property receipts and payments as well as other balance of payment investment line-items.
Building Of Spirit Of Islamic Entrepreneurship On The Indonesia Young Generation
Authors: Wantara Pribanus , Irawati S. Anugrahini 
Published: October 2019

Since of economic crisis in Indonesia, people tried in various ways to fulfill their needs. Cessation work, limited job opportunities also contribute to increasing the number of unemployment in Indonesia. It encourages people to seek alternatives to improve the standard of an unbalanced economy. Majority Indonesian is Muslim. Hence, it becomes a task to be able to give birth to the entrepreneur Muslim reliable. This article talked about general basic principle of entrepreneurship viewed by history of Muhammad's life as a succeed entrepreneur. Mohammed before being known as prophet, has been recorded as an entrepreneur. Personal success is personal to identify, optimize potency, identity continuously with full confidence andstrong self confidence. So that, it is necessary to refresh the mindset of the basic concepts of business right through entrepreneurship characterized by reviewing the success of Muhammad as the best real entrepreneurship. Learning back of the concept is expected to arouse the public in carrying out efforts to correct and bring benediction Indonesian people, especially in the face of global competition. The results of this study indicate that the basic concept of entrepreneurship according to Muhammad’s life history is built by Integrity, Loyalty, Professionalism and Spirituality.
Umsetzung der Marrakesch-Richtlinie an Hochschulen: Befugte Stellen - Universal Design - Born Accessible Publishing
Authors: Degenhardt Sven 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Eine inklusive Hochschulentwicklung folgt dem Grundansatz des „Universal Design“ - im baulichen, medialen, sozialen und hochschuldidaktischen Sinne. Das Marrakeschgesetz (BGBl 2018) regelt seit dem Inkrafttreten am 01.01.2019 die urheberrechtlichen Aspekte des Zugangs zu Werken der Literatur, Kunst und Wissenschaft in barrierefreien Formaten für Menschen mit Seh- und Lesebehinderung. Konzeptionell entstehen damit zwei Herausforderung: Einerseits bedarf es der Entwicklung von Strategien, wie trotz stellenweise rigiden Regelungen des Marrakeschgesetzes der Zugang zu barrierefreien studienrelevanten Dokumenten für einzelne Anspruchsberechtigte qualitativ und quantitativ verbessert werden kann. Andererseits sollte es aber im Sinne des Universal Design auch das Ziel sein, dass allen Studierenden barrierefreie Dokumente zur Verfügung gestellt werden und diese damit flexibel auf unterschiedlichen Medien genutzt werden können sowie eine „Sonderversorgung“, die im Sinne der hochschuldidaktisch angezeigten kooperativen und kollaborativen Lehr-Lern-Settings neue Barrieren aufbauen würde, reduziert wird. Eine transparente Umsetzung des Marrakeschgesetzes und ein aktives Eintreten für ein Born Accessible Publishing als Standard kann darüber hinaus einen weiteren Baustein für das „Erleben inklusiver Denk- und Arbeitsweisen“ innerhalb der Studienbiographien darstellen.
Das Recht auf Lesen: Zwischen Barrierefreiheit und Inklusion
Authors: Felsmann Christiane 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Rein statistisch gesehen ist jeder achte Mensch in Deutschland behindert. Ein Großteil dieser Menschen ist nicht in der Lage, ein gedrucktes Buch zu lesen. Geeignete Leseformate herstellen und an die befugten Nutzergruppen verbreiten zu dürfen, ist Kern des Marrakesch-Vertrages. Die Umsetzung dessen liegt nun in den Händen jeder einzelnen Bibliothek. Es ist unsere Aufgabe, sich der Verantwortung und der Chance zu stellen, das Recht auf Informationszugang umzusetzen.
Projektarbeit ist keine Beschäftigungstherapie!
Authors: Mzé Hassan Soilihi 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Projektarbeit gewinnt in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken an Bedeutung. Dabei ist sie nicht Selbstzweck, sondern grundlegend für institutionelle Veränderungsprozesse. Projektarbeit schafft Testräume für neue Verfahrensweisen, Konzepte und Formate. In vielen kleineren und mittleren Bibliotheken läuft sie dennoch häufig nur als on-top-Leistung und wird im Zweifelsfall dem Tagesbetrieb untergeordnet. Umso wichtiger ist, dass Projektarbeit durch entsprechende Förderung ermöglicht wird. Der Beitrag stellt anhand eines knappen Überblicks der deutschen Projektförderlandschaft sowie des Bundesprogramms hochdrei - Stadtbibliotheken verändern dar, weshalb es sinnvoll ist, bibliothekarische Projektarbeit zu unterstützen - und inwiefern Förderung als Beitrag zur Bibliotheksentwicklung verstanden werden kann.
Safe and Complete Extraction of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by Efficient Mechanical Disruption of Cyst Cell Wall
Authors: Irshad Muhammad , Hong Min Eui , Myint Aye Aye , Kim Jaehoon , Sim Sang Jun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) can naturally accumulate high amounts of astaxanthin – a powerful antioxidant. However, complete recovery of astaxanthin from the cysts of H. pluvialis is challenging because of the presence of a robust acetolysis resistant cell wall. Herein, a simple and effective planetary ball-milling pretreatment was developed to rupture the cells to attain an almost complete recovery of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis, using a supercritical CO2 and conventional organic solvent-based extraction. An optimized pretreatment using planetary ball mill under very mild conditions (150 rpm, 60 min) allowed the recovery of 31.4 mg/g dry weight of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis, while slightly harsh milling (500 rpm) was found to be detrimental toward astaxanthin. The extracts in acetone exhibited higher antioxidant activity in 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay than those in dichloromethane. These mild conditions were safe and highly effective for the complete extraction of astaxanthin along with the others extractables. This study opens a new avenue for the efficient recovery of valuable thermolabile ketocarotenoid species from microalgae, which can be applied to the development of economically viable biorefineries.
Pathicity: Experiencing the World in an Atmospheric Way
Authors: Griffero Tonino 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Is there really an atmospheric turn? The concept of “atmosphere” as a qualitative-emotional prius of sensory experience seems today to have encouraged the convergence of many interdisciplinary studies focused on the qualitative aspects of our “surroundings”. Based on the neo-phenomenological theory of atmospheric perception as a first pathivc impression and a felt-bodily communication, this paper explores and synthesises the relationship between atmospheres and expressive qualities. It thus clarifies the key features of a general “pathic” aesthetics. It considers perceivers as beings who are touched by atmospheric feelings in emotional and tactile ways. These are widespread and vary in their modulation of lived space. They are also ontologically rooted in things and quasi-things of the lifeworld. By realising how they (especially in an unintentional way) expose themselves to what happens, perceivers turn out not to be “subjects of something” but rather “subjects to something”: that is, human beings who are only “sovereign” when they are free, at least in their daily experience, from the dogma of rational and methodological autonomy imposed by Western Modernity.
Ganado, armas y cautivos. Tráfico y comercio ilícito en la frontera norte de México, 1848–1882
Authors: Basante Marcela Terrazas y 
Published: October 2019

La investigación propone que las prácticas de tráfico ilegal de ganado y cautivos se intensificaron en la segunda mitad del siglo xix e incidieron en la creciente violencia de las incursiones realizadas por apaches y comanches sobre el noroeste de México. Se apunta que el tráfico y comercio de semovientes que estas naciones indias llevaron a cabo en Estados Unidos se tradujo en la superioridad de sus armas, las cuales emplearon contra los fronterizos mexicanos. Hasta aquí, el texto coincide con el trabajo de Brian DeLay. La novedad radica en que se ocupa de un periodo no abordado por este autor. Así, el estudio hace énfasis en que el robo de reses y caballada unió en una “cooperación delictiva” a indios, mexicanos y estadounidenses. Este aspecto discrepa de la historiografía mexicana y aún de la estadounidense, que suelen responsabilizar sólo a los indios libres y a los vecinos del abigeato. Se sostiene además que las distintas nociones de territorio y soberanía distinguieron no sólo a indios de euroamericanos y mexicanos, sino a indios y fronterizos de los dos países respecto de las élites de la ciudad de México y Washington. A su vez, se muestra la incapacidad de los dos Estados nacionales para ejercer un control efectivo sobre sus respectivas regiones fronterizas y evidencia el escaso impacto de la asimetría entre las dos naciones ante el “problema indio”.
This research suggests that the illegal traffic of livestock and captives intensified in the second half of the nineteenth century and had a bearing on the increasing violence of the raids carried out by Apaches and Comanches into northwest Mexico. The study indicates how the traffic and trade of livestock that these Indian nations carried out in the United States resulted in them having more powerful weapons, which they used against Mexicans living in the border region. Thus far, the discussion corresponds to the work of Brian DeLay. The originality is to be found in the fact that this study deals with a period not addressed by DeLay. Thus, the study places emphasis on the fact that the theft of cattle and horses linked Indians, Mexicans and United States residents in a “criminal cooperation.” This characteristic counters Mexican and even US historiography, which tends to place responsibility for the cattle rustling only on free Indians and the neighbors. This study also argues that different notions of territory and sovereignty of the elites in Mexico City and Washington not only distinguished Indians from Euro-Americans and Mexicans, but also Indians and border inhabitants of both countries. In turn, it shows the inability of the two nation states to exercise effective control over their respective border regions and demonstrates the minimal impact that the asymmetry between the two nations had to face the “Indian problem.”