bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced risk of cancer among low‐dose aspirin users: Data from French health care databases
Authors: Ajrouche Aya , De Rycke Yann , Dalichampt Marie , Messika Zeitoun David , Hulot Jean‐Sebastien , Estellat Candice , Tubach Florence 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeThe effect of chronic use of low‐dose aspirin (LDA) on overall cancer is still unclear owing to many controversial results and methodological limitations of studies. This study aimed to assess the effect of LDA use on overall cancer incidence among the French population.MethodsWe conducted a 10‐year historical cohort study using the permanent sample of the French national health care databases: the Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS). We used data for 111 025 individuals aged 50 to 80 years at study entry (January 1, 2006) without prevalent cancer or LDA use. Individuals were followed until the earliest of cancer incidence, death from any cause, exit from the database, or end of the study on December 31, 2015. We estimated the effect of LDA on cancer incidence by using a dynamic model to account for the competing risk of death in the presence of time‐dependent exposure and risk factors.ResultsLDA use was associated with reduced 10‐year risk of cancer (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 0.81 [95% CI 0.77‐0.86]). The SHRs were 0.88 [0.82‐0.94] for men and 0.93 [0.85‐1.02] for women. Moreover, each additional year of LDA use was associated with reduced 10‐year risk of cancer (SHR 0.93 [0.92‐0.95]). LDA use was also associated with reduced 10‐year risk of death (SHR 0.86 [0.82‐0.91]).ConclusionsThis is the first population‐based study to demonstrate a protective effect of LDA on overall cancer incidence and to account for the main methodological issues of previous observational studies.
Teacher stress interventions: A systematic review
Authors: von der Embse Nathaniel , Ryan Shannon V. , Gibbs Tera , Mankin Ariel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDue to the increased pressure from test‐based accountability practices, teachers have reported high levels of stress and burnout. High teacher stress has an impact on school outcomes, including links to absenteeism, burnout, school climate, and teacher behavior management. Teacher stress interventions may be an important first step toward reducing these negative outcomes. Although there have been several recent intervention studies in the domain of teacher stress, there has been no systematic review to compare the type and effectiveness of teacher stress interventions. Included within this review are interventions from a variety of modalities such as knowledge‐based, behavioral, cognitive‐behavioral, and mindfulness approaches. Results indicated that the most effective interventions were in the mindfulness, behavioral, and cognitive‐behavioral domains. Interventions which delivered solely informational content were among the least effective.
Legal liability, good engineering judgment and adaptation
Authors: Ternes Mary Ellen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHurricane Harvey's devastation resulted in flooding and fire, as well as criminal indictments and civil litigation arising from the fire at the Arkema facility. This current litigation is just part of a recent trend in civil litigation, from citizen suits to common law actions, that is redefining causes of action and defenses in the context of climate change. This trend is creating greater concern among engineering and management professionals regarding litigation risk and potential liability arising from individual or managerial actions undertaken on behalf of an employer or client. These concerns are exacerbated by greater ability to forecast anticipated impacts from storm events in hurricane prone areas, which lends support to allegations that such events are foreseeable, and that engineers have a duty to prevent harm resulting from such events. In this context, chemical engineers should read the Chemical Safety Board's Arkema Final Report, especially focusing on the CSB's recommendations for further action by AIChE's Center for Chemical Process Safety, and brush up on the basics of professional liability.This article, developed specifically for AIChE members and presentation at the 15th Annual Global Congress on Process Safety, by an AIChE Fellow, senior environmental attorney and Fellow of the American College of Environmental Lawyers, does not constitute legal advice but provides a brief overview of legal process and concepts regarding professional liability, including classes of defendants such as plant managers, employees, licensed and unlicensed professionals, and independent contractors, types of civil and criminal claims, standing and other threshold issues, general defenses and immunities, and evidentiary issues at trial.
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/Ag2S Nanoparticles Enzymatically Grown In Situ and their Application to the Colorimetric Detection of Glucose Oxidase
Authors: Díez‐Buitrago Beatriz , Barroso Javier , Saa Laura , Briz Nerea , Pavlov Valeri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work describes a simple, fast and reproducible biochemical reaction to modulate the growth of silver/silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag/Ag2S NPs) through the enzymatic activity of the glucose oxidase (GOx). This process occurs in aqueous buffered solutions at room temperature under physiological conditions with participation of inexpensive precursors. Oxidation of 1‐thio‐β‐D‐glucose is catalyzed by GOx yielding hydrogen sulfide. Direct interaction between silver nitrate and enzymatically produced H2S in the presence of citric acid as capping agent leads to the generation of Ag/Ag2S NPs. UV‐vis spectroscopy is employed to characterize absorbance spectra of resulting Ag/Ag2S NPs with the highest signal‐to‐noise ratio at 385 nm. Enzymatically produced Ag/Ag2S NPs are characterized by TEM, XPS, DLS and XRD. This new colorimetric method was applied to the detection of enzymatic activity of GOx (LOD 0.557 μg mL‐1 and linear range up to 1.5 μg mL‐1). The effect of D‐glucose on the read‐out signal has been studied to confirm the enzymatic mechanism of this process (LOD 176.21 μM and linear range up to 1.25 mM) and was applied to the detection of glucose in human plasma.
Single‐Particle Tracking for Understanding Polydisperse Nanoparticle Dispersions
Authors: Gong Xun , Park Minkyung , Parviz Dorsa , Silmore Kevin S. , Gordiichuk Pavlo , Lew Tedrick Thomas Salim , Strano Michael S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractColloidal dispersions of nanomaterials are often polydisperse in size, significantly complicating their characterization. This is particularly true for materials early in their historical development due to synthetic control, dispersion efficiency, and instability during storage. Because a wide range of system properties and technological applications depend on particle dimensions, it remains an important problem in nanotechnology to identify a method for the routine characterization of polydispersity in nanoparticle samples, especially changes over time. Commonly employed methods such as dynamic light scattering or analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) accurately estimate only the first moment of the distribution or are not routine. In this work, the use of single‐particle tracking (SPT) to probe size distributions of common nanoparticle dispersions, including polystyrene nanoparticles, single‐walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, chitosan‐tripolyphosphate, acrylate, hexagonal boron nitride, and poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid), is proposed and explored. The analysis of particle tracks is conducted using a newly developed Bayesian algorithm that is called Maximum A posteriori Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. By combining SPT and AUC techniques, it is shown that it is possible to independently estimate the mean aspect ratio of anisotropic particles, an important characterization property. It is concluded that SPT provides a facile, rapid analytical method for routine nanomaterials characterization.
Flexible Foil of Hybrid TaS2/Organic Superlattice: Fabrication and Electrical Properties
Authors: Zong Peng‐An , Yoo Dongho , Zhang Peng , Wang Yifeng , Huang Yujia , Yin Shujia , Liang Jia , Wang Yiliang , Koumoto Kunihito , Wan Chunlei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTaS2 nanolayers with reduced dimensionality show interesting physics, such as a gate‐tunable phase transition and enhanced superconductivity, among others. Here, a solution‐based strategy to fabricate a large‐area foil of hybrid TaS2/organic superlattice, where [TaS2] monolayers and organic molecules alternatively stack in atomic scale, is proposed. The [TaS2] layers are spatially isolated with remarkably weakened interlayer bonding, resulting in lattice vibration close to that of TaS2 monolayers. The foil also shows excellent mechanical flexibility together with a large electrical conductivity of 1.2 × 103 S cm−1 and an electromagnetic interference of 31 dB, among the highest values for solution‐processed thin films of graphene and inorganic graphene analogs. The solution‐based strategy reported herein can add a new dimension to manipulate the structure and properties of 2D materials and provide new opportunities for flexible nanoelectronic devices.
AuCu Alloy Nanoparticle Embedded Cu Submicrocone Arrays for Selective Conversion of CO2 to Ethanol
Authors: Shen Sibo , Peng Xianyun , Song Lida , Qiu Yuan , Li Chao , Zhuo Longchao , He Jia , Ren Junqiang , Liu Xijun , Luo Jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) driven by renewable electricity represents a promising strategy toward alleviating the energy shortage and environmental crisis facing humankind. Cu species, as one type of versatile electrocatalyst for the CO2RR, attract tremendous research interest. However, for C2 products, ethanol formation is commonly less favored over Cu electrocatalysts. Herein, AuCu alloy nanoparticle embedded Cu submicrocone arrays (AuCu/Cu‐SCA) are constructed as an active, selective, and robust electrocatalyst for the CO2RR. Enhanced selectivity for EtOH is gained, whose Faradaic efficiency (FE) reaches 29 ± 4%, while ethylene formation is relatively inhibited (16 ± 4%) in KHCO3 aqueous solution. The ratio between partial current densities of EtOH and C2H4 (jEtOH/jC2H4) can be tuned in the range from 0.15 ± 0.27 to 1.81 ± 0.55 by varying the Au content of the electrocatalysts. The combined experimental and theoretical calculation results identify the importance of Au in modifying binding energies of key intermediates, such as CH2CHO*, CH3CHO*, and CH3CH2O*, which consequently modify the activity and selectivity (jEtOH/jC2H4) for the CO2RR. Moreover, AuCu/Cu‐SCA also shows high durability with both the current density and FEEtOH being largely maintained for 24 h electrocatalysis.
Seismic performance of chevron braced frames with shape memory alloy vertical shear link
Authors: Fahiminia Mahrad , Ghaderi Mohammad Reza , Zahrai Seyed Mehdi 
Published: July 2019

SummaryChevron braced steel frames with vertical shear link have reliable displacement dependent dampers with sufficient strength and ductility to dissipate energy of strong earthquakes through inelastic mechanisms. In this study, shape memory alloy with its superelastic behavior is utilized as material of vertical shear link to improve the ductility characteristics of the system and decrease residual displacements in the structures due to its self‐centering capability. Nonlinear time‐history, incremental dynamic analysis, and dynamic pushover analysis techniques are used to investigate the behavior of two different four‐ and eight‐story frames with steel vertical shear link (STVL) and shape memory alloy vertical shear link (SMVL) under various earthquake records. The results show that there is a negligible residual displacement in the structures with SMVL, although considerable residual displacements can be observed in the structures with STVL. For instance, when the eight‐story frame is subjected to the Northridge earthquake, a 12‐cm residual displacement is observed in the structures with STVL, whereas the structures with SMVL might experience just 3‐cm residual displacement.
How relevant are social costs in economic evaluations? The case of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Peña-Longobardo L. M. , Rodríguez-Sánchez B. , Oliva-Moreno J. , Aranda-Reneo I. , López-Bastida J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
The main objective of this study was to analyse how the inclusion (exclusion) of social costs can alter the results and conclusions of economic evaluations in the field of Alzheimer’s disease interventions.

Methods
We designed a systematic review that included economic evaluations in Alzheimer’s disease. The search strategy was launched in 2000 and ran until November 2018. The inclusion criteria were: being an original study published in a scientific journal, being an economic evaluation of any intervention related to Alzheimer’s disease, including social costs (informal care costs and/or productivity losses), being written in English, using QALYs as an outcome for the incremental cost–utility analysis, and separating the results according to the perspective applied.

Results
It was finally included 27 studies and 55 economic evaluations. Around 11% of economic evaluations changed their main conclusions. More precisely, three of them concluded that the new intervention became cost-effective when the societal perspective was considered, whereas when using just the health care payer perspective, the new intervention did not result in a cost–utility ratio below the threshold considered. Nevertheless, the inclusion of social cost can also influence the results, as 37% of the economic evaluations included became the dominant strategy after including social costs when they were already cost-effective in the health care perspective.

Conclusions
Social costs can substantially modify the results of the economic evaluations. Therefore, taking into account social costs in diseases such as Alzheimer’s can be a key element in making decisions about public financing and pricing of health interventions.
Effect of Mechanical Activation on the Pozzolanic Activity of Muscovite
Authors: Yao Geng , Zang Haoyu , Wang Junxiang , Wu Peng , Qiu Jun , Lyu Xianjun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn order to provide a theoretical foundation for the utilization of tailings as supplementary cementitious materials, the pozzolanic activity of muscovite—a typical mineral phase in tailings—before and after mechanical activation was investigated. In this study, significant pozzolanic activity of muscovite was obtained as a result of the structural and morphological changes that were induced by mechanical activation. The activated muscovite that was obtained after mechanical activation for 160 min satisfies the requirements for use as an active supplementary cementitious material, and the main characteristics of the pozzolana were as follows: median particle size (D50) of 11.7 μm, BET specific surface area of 28.82 m2 g−1, relative crystallinity of 14.99%, and pozzolanic activity index of 94.36%. Continuous grinding led to a gradual reduction in the relative crystallinity and an increase in the pozzolanic activity index due to the dehydroxylation reaction induced by mechanical activation, which occurred despite the fact that the specific surface area showed a decreasing trend when the grinding time was prolonged. Mechanically activated muscovite exhibited the capacity to react with calcium hydroxide to form calcium silicate hydrate, which is a typical characteristic of pozzolana. This experimental study provided a theoretical basis for evaluating the pozzolanic activity of muscovite using mechanical activation.
The Oxytocin Antagonist Cligosiban Fails to Prolong Intravaginal Ejaculatory Latency in Men with Lifelong Premature Ejaculation: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase IIb trial (PEDRIX)
Authors: Althof Stanley , Osterloh Ian H. , Muirhead Gary J. , George Katie ,   PEDRIX Multi-Centre Study Group
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Cligosiban is an orally administered, centrally penetrant oxytocin receptor antagonist being developed to treat premature ejaculation (PE).

Aim
To determine the efficacy of 3 dose levels of cligosiban caplets to prolong intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and improve patient-reported outcomes in men with lifelong PE.

Methods
Patients recorded details of at least 4 sexual intercourse events during a 4-week run-in period, after which they underwent baseline assessments. Patients were eligible for the study if their stopwatch-assessed IELT was ≤1 minute in ≥75% of intercourse attempts and if they met other diagnostic criteria for lifelong PE. Eligible patients (target 220 evaluable) were randomized to double-blind cligosiban 400, 800, or 1200 mg or matching placebo caplets (to be taken 1 to 6 hours prior to sexual activity). Assessments were conducted at 2, 4, and 8 weeks.

Main Outcome Measure
Efficacy measures were comprised of IELT, self-rating of ejaculation control and ejaculation-related distress (recorded in an electronic diary after each intercourse attempt), premature ejaculation profile, Patient’s Global Impression of Severity, and the Clinical Global Impression of Change.

Results
There were no clinically or statistically significant differences between cligosiban (at any dose level) and placebo for the primary endpoint (change in geometric IELT) or any of the secondary endpoints. Cligosiban was well tolerated with a side-effect profile similar to placebo.

Clinical Implications
This Phase IIb study failed to demonstrate the potential for cligosiban, an oxytocin antagonist, to successfully treat symptoms of severe lifelong PE at doses up to 1200 mg.

Strengths and Limitations
This was a Phase IIb, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that was adequately powered but failed to detect a clinically meaningful or statistical difference in change in IELT between cligosiban at 3 dose levels and placebo. This is in contrast to a similarly designed proof-of-concept study where cligosiban was flexibly dosed at doses up to 800 mg and did demonstrate clinically meaningful and statistically significant changes in efficacy parameters. The reasons for this disparity are not known.

Conclusions
Cligosiban was well tolerated but failed to demonstrate efficacy for the treatment of men with lifelong PE at doses up to 1200 mg.
Leisure-Time Sedentary Behavior, Alcohol Consumption, and Sexual Intercourse Among Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years in 19 Countries From Africa, the Americas, and Asia
Authors: Smith Lee , Jackson Sarah E. , Jacob Louis , Grabovac Igor , Yang Lin , Johnstone James , McDermott Daragh , Gordon Dan , Lopez Sanchez Guillermo F. , Stefanac Sinisa , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
The association between sedentary behavior and sexual behavior has not been investigated among adolescents.

Aim
The aim of this study was to: (i) investigate the association between leisure-time sedentary behavior and sexual intercourse, and (ii) test for mediation by alcohol consumption, drug use, physical activity, bullying victimization, parental support/monitoring, loneliness, and depressive symptoms in a large global sample of young adolescents.

Methods
Data were analyzed from 34,674 adolescents aged 12−15 years participating in the Global School-based Student Health Survey. Participants reported the number of hours spent in leisure-time sedentary behavior on a typical day (&lt;1, 1−2, 3−4, 5−8, and &gt;8 hours). Data on alcohol consumption, drug use, physical activity, bullying victimization, parental support/monitoring, loneliness, and depressive symptoms were considered as potential mediators.

Outcome
Participants reported whether or not they had sexual intercourse in the past 12 months (yes/no).

Results
The prevalence of past 12-month sexual intercourse was 11.9%, whereas the prevalence of &lt;1, 1−2, 3−4, 5−8, and &gt;8 hours per day of leisure-time sedentary behavior were 26.7%, 35.6%, 21.4%, 11.5%, and 4.9%, respectively. There was a dose-dependent relationship between sedentary behavior and odds of reporting sexual intercourse: compared with &lt;1 hour/day of sedentary behavior, the odds ratio (95% CI) of sexual intercourse associated with 1−2, 3−4, 5−8, and &gt;8 hours/day of sedentary behavior were 1.12 (0.94−1.33), 1.22 (1.01−1.48), 1.34 (1.08−1.66), and 1.76 (1.37−2.27), respectively. There was no significant interaction by sex. The largest proportion of the association between sedentary behavior and sexual intercourse was explained by alcohol use (% mediated 21.2%), with other factors explaining an additional 11.2%.

Clinical Translation
Interventions to reduce leisure-time sedentary and/or alcohol consumption may contribute to a reduction in the proportion of adolescents engaging in sexual intercourse at a young age. The strengths and limitations of this study are the large, representative sample of adolescents from 19 countries. However, the cross-sectional design means causality or temporal associations could not be established.

Conclusions
In young adolescents, leisure-time sedentary behavior is positively associated with odds of having sexual intercourse in both boys and girls, in a dose-dependent manner. Alcohol consumption seems to be a key mediator of this relationship.
Reproducibility of essential elements chromium, manganese, iron, zinc and selenium in spot samples, first-morning voids and 24-h collections from healthy adult men
Authors: Chen Heng-Gui , Chen Ying-Jun , Chen Chen , Tu Zhou-Zheng , Lu Qi , Wu Ping , Chen Jun-Xiang , Wang Yi-Xin , Pan An 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvaluation of Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn and Se in humans is challenged by the potentially high within-individual variability of these elements in biological specimens, which are poorly characterised. This study aimed to evaluate their within-day, between-day and between-month variability in spot samples, first-morning voids and 24-h collections. A total of 529 spot urine samples (including eighty-eight first-morning voids and 24-h collections) were collected from eleven Chinese adult men on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 30, 60 and 90 and analysed for these five elements using inductively coupled plasma-MS. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were utilised to characterise the reproducibility, and their sensitivity and specificity were analysed to assess how well a single measurement classified individuals’ 3-month average exposures. Serial measurements of Zn in spot samples exhibited fair to good reproducibility (creatinine-adjusted ICC = 0·47) over five consecutive days, which became poor when the samples were gathered months apart (creatinine-adjusted ICC = 0·33). The reproducibility of Cr, Mn, Fe and Se in spot samples was poor over periods ranging from days to months (creatinine-adjusted ICC = 0·01–0·12). Two spot samples were sufficient for classifying 60 % of the men who truly had the highest (top 33 %) 3-month average Zn concentrations; for Cr, Mn, Fe and Se, however, at least three specimens were required to achieve similar sensitivities. In conclusion, urinary Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn and Se concentrations showed a strong within-individual variability, and a single measurement is not enough to efficiently characterise individuals’ long-term exposures.