bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Acellular Dermal Matrix Efficacy in Prosthesis-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Sobti Nikhil , Ji Emily , Brown Rebecca L. , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Colwell Amy S. , Winograd Jonathan M. , Austen William G. , Liao Eric C. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Although many studies have examined the safety of acellular dermal matrix in immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction, few studies have evaluated efficacy. This study examined initial tissue expander fill volume as a marker of efficacy, comparing patients after staged prosthetic breast reconstruction assisted with acellular dermal matrix versus breast reconstruction not assisted with acellular dermal matrix. Number of fill visits and time interval to implant exchange were examined as secondary endpoints.

Methods:
An institutional review board–approved retrospective chart review was conducted to identify consecutive staged prosthetic reconstruction cases over 12 years.

Results:
Mean initial tissue expander fill volume was significantly higher in the acellular dermal matrix group compared with the non–acellular dermal matrix group (180.8 ± 150.0 versus 45.8 ± 74.4; p = 0.00). Normalizing for final implant size, the acellular dermal matrix group exhibited significantly higher perioperative fill (0.33 ± 0.24 versus 0.11 ± 0.16; p = 0.00). A collinear trend was observed between acellular dermal matrix use and direct-to-implant reconstruction procedures during the study period.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that acellular dermal matrix use is more efficacious in achieving greater initial fill volume, fewer visits for expansion, and a shorter time interval to implant exchange compared with non–acellular dermal matrix procedures. The authors also describe a collinear relationship between acellular dermal matrix use and transition to direct-to-implant procedures at their institution. This work serves as a framework for future studies evaluating acellular dermal matrix efficacy, and guides innovation of biomaterials to support breast reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
β-Catenin–Dependent Wnt Signaling: A Pathway in Acute Cutaneous Wounding [RETRACTED]
Authors: Carre Antoine L. , Hu Michael S. , James Aaron W. , Kawai Kenichiro , Galvez Michael G. , Longaker Michael T. , Lorenz H. Peter 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Acute wound healing is a dynamic process that results in the formation of scar tissue. The mechanisms of this process are not well understood; numerous signaling pathways are thought to play a major role. Here, the authors have identified β-catenin–dependent Wnt signaling as an early acute-phase reactant in acute wound healing and scar formation.

Methods:
The authors created 6-mm full-thickness excisional cutaneous wounds on adult β-catenin–dependent Wnt signal (BAT-gal) reporter mice. The expression of canonical Wnt after wounding was analyzed using X-gal staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Next, recombinant mouse Wnt3a (rmWnt3a) was injected subcutaneously to the wound edge, daily. The mice were killed at stratified time points, up to 15 days after injury. Histologic analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot were performed.

Results:
Numerous individual Wnt ligands increased in expression after wounding, including Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt10a, and Wnt11. A specific pattern of Wnt activity was observed, localized to the hair follicle and epidermis. Mice injected with rmWnt3a exhibited faster wound closure, increased scar size, and greater expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 and type I collagen.

Conclusions:
The authors’ data suggest that β-catenin–dependent Wnt signaling expression increases shortly after cutaneous wounding, and exogenous rmWnt3a accelerates reepithelialization, wound matrix maturation, and scar formation. Future experiments will focus on the intersection of Wnt signaling and other known profibrotic cytokines.
68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT in Medulloblastoma
Authors: Arunraj Sreedharan Thankarajan , Parida Girish Kumar , Damle Nishikant Avinash , Arora Saurabh , Reddy Sreenivasa , Chakraborty Dhritiman , Prabhu Meghna , Tripathi Madhavi , Bal Chandrasekhar 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Medulloblastoma, also known as cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor, is the most common brain tumor in children and arises in the posterior cranial fossa. We present the case of a patient with desmoplastic type of medulloblastoma, which showed recurrence more than once. When 68Ga-DOTANOC PET-CT was done, the lesions showed somatostatin receptor expression, opening another potential therapeutic option for this patient.
Atypical Appearance on Thyroid Scintigraphy
Authors: Arcay Ayca , Ozgur Ozhan , Aydin Funda 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We report the case of a 49-year-old woman with achalasia in whom thyroid stimulating hormone supression was incidentally detected on routine blood tests and who therefore underwent thyroid scintigraphy. Thyroid scan demonstrated low intensity diffuse technetium 99mTc sodium pertechnetate accumulation inferior to thyroid gland. After correlating the images with her previous barium esophagogram, tracer accumulation caudal to thyroid gland was explained on the presumption of 99mTc sodium pertechnetate retention within the dilated esophagus.
FDG PET/CT of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma With Sarcomatoid Differentiation
Authors: Lee Chee H. , Kesari Vivek , Legesse Teklu , Chen Wengen 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We report the case of a 49-year-old white man with a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma associated with sarcomatoid differentiation, an uncommon yet an aggressive form of dedifferentiated renal cell carcinoma. In opposite to the conventional renal cell carcinoma, which may not always demonstrate avid FDG activity, the sarcomatoid differentiated chromophobe renal cell carcinoma shows intense FDG uptake on PET. This case highlights the role of FDG PET/CT in staging and restaging this type of rare renal cell carcinoma.
Osteofascial Radial Forearm Free Flap Reconstruction of Midface Defect After Resection of Intraosseous Hemangioma
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey , Karni Ron , Ho Tang 
Published: February 2018

Introduction:
Intraosseous hemangiomas of the midface are rare with few reported cases in the literature. Various reconstructive methods have been previously described, but none using vascularized bone graft secondary to the benign nature of the tumor and often relatively limited defect size.

Clinical Report:
The authors present the case of a 47-year-old man with a biopsy proven enlarging right maxillary intraosseous cavernous hemangioma which was resected primarily, resulting in a large defect involving the entire zygomaticomaxillary buttress and a portion of the right orbital floor and malar prominence. Given the structural involvement and the significant bony defect size, this was simultaneously reconstructed using an osteofascial radial forearm free flap and orbital floor titanium implant with satisfactory outcome.
The Guiding Lateral Z Osteotomy for the Correction of Vertical Orbital Dystopia
Authors: Kohno Hikaru , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Miwa Tomoru , Yoshida Kazunari , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Transcranial vertical orbital translocation is useful for correcting vertical orbital dysplasia. However, the technique is limited by the degree of uncertainty regarding the amount of vertical movement required after the osteotomy. As for landmark movement, Z osteotomy is performed as part of a box osteotomy. This technique is useful in that it is easy to know how far the orbit should be moved, and stabilization can be obtained.
Craniovertebral Junction Abnormalities in Surgical Patients With Congenital Muscular Torticollis
Authors: Ahn Ah-Reum , Rah Ueon Woo , Woo Ji-Eun , Park Sunghoon , Kim Sanghyun , Yim Shin-Young 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Our clinical experience led us to realize that craniovertebral junction (CVJ) abnormalities were common in surgical patients with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). This study aimed to report the concurrence rate of CVJ abnormalities in surgical patients with CMT, along with comprehensive evaluation of type of concurrent CVJ abnormalities. This was a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital, including 41 subjects who underwent surgical release for CMT at the mean age of 8.38 years. The presence of CVJ abnormalities was analyzed, using craniofacial 3-dimensional computed tomography images. The concurrence rate of CVJ abnormalities was 70% in surgical patients with CMT. Subjects with CVJ abnormalities had, on average, 1.48 abnormalities. The CVJ abnormalities were rotation and lateral shift of the atlanto-axial joint along with rotation of atlanto-occipital joint, where rotation of the atlanto-axial joint was most common (82.76%). There is no patient with anterior shift of the atlanto-axial joint. Chronic mechanical tension by the contracted unilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle of CMT could be responsible for concurrent CVJ abnormalities. The CVJ abnormalities are more common in the atlanto-axial joint than in the atlanto-occipital joint. In conclusions, CVJ abnormality seems to be a common concurrent skeletal complication of CMT, at least, in surgical patients. The CVJ abnormality might be included in the list of skeletal complications of CMT. If CVJ abnormalities are significantly more common in surgical patients with CMT, CVJ abnormalities might be one of predictors of surgical patients with CMT.
Is Coincidental Rhinosinusitis a Predisposing Factor for Postoperative Central Nervous System Infection After Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery?
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Hong Yong-Kil , Jeun Sin-Soo , Park Jae-Sung , Kim Soo Whan , Cho Jin Hee , Park Yong Jin , Kim Junghwan , Park Moon Il , Kim Sung Won 
Published: February 2018

Background:
To investigate the effect of rhinosinusitis in patients who undergo surgery via the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA).

Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgery via the EETSA between February 2009 and November 2016. In total, 505 patients were included in the study. Preoperative paranasal sinus computed tomography, sellar magnetic resonance imaging, and nasal endoscopy were performed for all the patients.

Results:
Fifteen patients without sphenoid sinusitis underwent surgery with the concomitant transsphenoidal approach and functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and showed no central nervous system (CNS) complication. During surgery via the EETSA, the presence of rhinosinusitis did not significantly affect the incidence of postoperative CNS infection (P = 0.051), except for sphenoid sinusitis (P = 0.003). Conversely, the incidence of postoperative CNS infection was not related significantly to the Lund–Mackay score or tumor size. The risk of CNS infection was 12.151-fold higher in patients with sphenoid sinusitis (95% confidence interval, 3.153–46.827; P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:
Surgery via the EETSA and functional endoscopic sinus surgery can be safely performed together in most patients with rhinosinusitis. However, sphenoid sinus infection appears to be a predisposing factor for postoperative CNS infection. Therefore, a separate surgical procedure for sphenoid lesions should be considered in these patients before the use of the EETSA.
Optimal timing of initial debridement for necrotizing soft tissue infection: A Practice Management Guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma
Authors: Gelbard Rondi B. , Ferrada Paula , Yeh D. Dante , Williams Brian H. , Loor Michele , Yon James , Mentzer Caleb , Khwaja Kosar , Khan Mansoor A. , Kohli Anirudh , Bulger Eileen M. , Robinson Bryce R.H. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND
Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) are rare, life-threatening, soft-tissue infections characterized by rapidly spreading inflammation and necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous fat, and fascia. While it is widely accepted that delay in surgical debridement contributes to increased mortality, there are currently no practice management guidelines regarding the optimal timing of surgical management of this condition. Although debridement within 24 hours of diagnosis is generally recommended, the time ranges from 3 hours to 36 hours in the existing literature. Therefore, the objective of this article is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the optimal timing of surgical management of NSTI.

METHODS
The MEDLINE database using PubMed was searched to identify English language articles published from January 1990 to September 2015 regarding adult and pediatric patients with NSTIs. A systematic review of the literature was performed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework were used. A single population [P], intervention [I], comparator [C], and outcome [O] (PICO) question was applied: In patients with NSTI (P), should early (<12 hours) initial debridement (I) versus late (≥12 hours) initial debridement (C) be performed to decrease mortality (O)?

RESULTS
Two hundred eighty-seven articles were identified. Of these, 42 papers underwent full text review and 6 were selected for guideline construction. A total of 341 patients underwent debridement for NSTI. Of these, 143 patients were managed with early versus 198 with late operative debridement. Across all studies, there was an overall mortality rate of 14% in the early group versus 25.8% in the late group.

CONCLUSION
For NSTIs, we recommend early operative debridement within 12 hours of suspected diagnosis. Institutional and regional systems should be optimized to facilitate prompt surgical evaluation and debridement.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic review/meta-analysis, level IV.
Injury in the transgender population: What the trauma surgeon needs to know
Authors: Morrison Shane D. , Kolnik Sarah M. , Massie Jonathan P. , Crowe Christopher S. , Dugi Daniel , Friedrich Jeffrey B. , Pham Tam N. , Berli Jens U. , O’Keefe Grant E. , Bulger Eileen M. , Maier Ronald V. , Mandell Samuel P. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Gender dysphoria, or the distress caused by the incongruence between a person’s assigned and experienced gender, can lead to significant psychosocial sequelae and increased risk of suicide (>40% of this population) and assault (>60% of this population). With an estimated 25 million transgender individuals worldwide and increased access to care for the transgender population, trauma surgeons are more likely to care for patients who completed or are in the process of medical gender transition. As transgender health is rarely taught in medical education, knowledge of the unique health care needs and possible alterations in anatomy is critical to appropriately and optimally treat transgender trauma victims. Considerations of cross-gender hormones and alterations of the craniofacial, laryngeal, chest, and genital systems are offered in this review. Further research on the optimal treatment mechanisms for transgender patients is needed.
Opinion on monoaminergic contributions to traits and temperament
Authors: Robbins T. W. 
Published: February 2018

This article critically reviews evidence relating temperamental traits and personality factors to the monoamine neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and serotonin. The genetic evidence is not yet considered to be conclusive and it is argued that basic neuroscience research on the neural basis of behaviour in experimental animals should be taken more into account. While questionnaire and lexical methodology including the ‘Five Factor’ theory has been informative (mostly for the traits relevant to social functioning, i.e. personality), biologically oriented approaches should be employed with more objective, theoretically grounded measures of cognition and behaviour, combined with neuroimaging and psychopharmacology, where appropriate. This strategy will enable specific functions of monoamines and other neuromodulators such as acetylcholine and neuropeptides (such as orexin) to be defined with respect to their roles in modulating activity in specific neural networks—leading to a more realistic definition of their interactive roles in complex, biologically based traits (i.e. temperament).
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.
Traits of empathy and anger: implications for psychopathy and other disorders associated with aggression
Authors: Blair R. J. R. 
Published: February 2018

Empathy and anger are two social emotions that modulate an individual's risk for aggression. Empathy is an emotional reaction to another individual's emotional state. Anger is an emotional reaction to threat, frustration or social provocation. Reduced empathy, seen in psychopathy, increases the risk for goal-directed aggression. Atypically increased anger (i.e. irritability), seen in conditions like disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and borderline personality disorder, increases the risk for reactive aggression. In this paper, I will outline core neurocognitive functions that correspond to empathy and which are compromised in individuals with psychopathic traits. In addition, I will outline neurocognitive functions involved in either the generation or regulation of anger and which are compromised in psychiatric conditions at increased risk for irritability/reactive aggression. It can be hoped that improved understanding of empathy and anger will lead to better assessment tools and improved interventions to reduce aggression risk.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.
What is the natural measurement unit of temperament: single traits or profiles?
Authors: Cloninger C. Robert , Zwir Igor 
Published: February 2018

There is fundamental doubt about whether the natural unit of measurement for temperament and personality corresponds to single traits or to multi-trait profiles that describe the functioning of a whole person. Biogenetic researchers of temperament usually assume they need to focus on individual traits that differbetweenindividuals. Recent research indicates that a shift of emphasis to understand processeswithinthe individual is crucial for identifying the natural building blocks of temperament. Evolution and development operate on adaptation of whole organisms or persons, not on individual traits or categories. Adaptive functioning generally depends on feedback among many variable processes in ways that are characteristic of complex adaptive systems, not machines with separate parts. Advanced methods of unsupervised machine learning can now be applied to genome-wide association studies and brain imaging in order to uncover the genotypic–phenotypic architecture of traits like temperament, which are strongly influenced by complex interactions, such as genetic epistasis, pleiotropy and gene–environment interactions. We have found that the heritability of temperament can be nearly fully explained by a large number of genetic variants that are unique for multi-trait profiles, not single traits. The implications of this finding for research design and precision medicine are discussed.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
Functionality versus dimensionality in psychological taxonomies, and a puzzle of emotional valence
Authors: Trofimova Irina 
Published: February 2018

This paper applies evolutionary and functional constructivism approaches to the discussion of psychological taxonomies, as implemented in the neurochemical model Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET). FET asserts that neurochemical systems developed in evolution to regulate functional-dynamical aspects of construction of actions: orientation, selection (integration), energetic maintenance, and management of automatic behavioural elements. As an example, the paper reviews the neurochemical mechanisms of interlocking between emotional dispositions and performance capacities. Research shows that there are no specific neurophysiological systems of positive or negative affect, and that emotional valence is rather an integrative product of many brain systems during estimations of needs and the capacities required to satisfy these needs. The interlocking between emotional valence and functional aspects of performance appears to be only partial since all monoamine and opioid receptor systems play important roles in non-emotional aspects of behaviour, in addition to emotionality. This suggests that the Positive/Negative Affect framework for DSM/ICD classifications of mental disorders oversimplifies the structure of non-emotionality symptoms of these disorders. Contingent dynamical relationships between neurochemical systems cannot be represented by linear statistical models searching for independent dimensions (such as factor analysis); nevertheless, these relationships should be reflected in psychological and psychiatric taxonomies.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.
Diversity in action: exchange of perspectives and reflections on taxonomies of individual differences
Authors: Uher Jana , Trofimova Irina , Sulis William , Netter Petra , Pessoa Luiz , Posner Michael I. , Rothbart Mary K. , Rusalov Vladimir , Peterson Isaac T. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: February 2018

Throughout the last 2500 years, the classification of individual differences in healthy people and their extreme expressions in mental disorders has remained one of the most difficult challenges in science that affects our ability to explore individuals' functioning, underlying psychobiological processes and pathways of development. To facilitate analyses of the principles required for studying individual differences, this theme issue brought together prominent scholars from diverse backgrounds of which many bring unique combinations of cross-disciplinary experiences and perspectives that help establish connections and promote exchange across disciplines. This final paper presents brief commentaries of some of our authors and further scholars exchanging perspectives and reflecting on the contributions of this theme issue.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.
Sex specific endophenotypes of in-utero cannabinoid exposure
Authors: Bara Anissa , Manduca Antonia , Bernabeu Axel , Borsoï Milene , Servado Michela , Lassalle Olivier , Murphy Michelle N. , Wager-Miller Jim , Mackie Ken , Pelissier-Alicot Anne-Laure , Trezza Viviana , Manzoni Olivier J. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTCannabinoids can cross the placenta, thus may interfere with fetal endocannabinoid signaling during neurodevelopment, causing long-lasting deficits. Despite increasing cannabis consumption during pregnancy, the protracted consequences of prenatal cannabinoid exposure (PCE) remain incompletely understood. Here we report sex-specific differences in behavioral and neuronal deficits in the adult progeny of rat dams exposed to low doses of cannabinoids during gestation. In males, PCE reduced social interaction, ablated endocannabinoid long-term depression (LTD) and heightened excitability of prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons, while females were spared. Group 1 mGluR and endocannabinoid signaling regulate emotional behavior and synaptic plasticity. Notably, sex-differences following PCE included levels of mGluR1/5 and TRPV1R mRNA. Finally, positive allosteric modulation of mGlu5 and enhancement of anandamide levels restored LTD and social interaction in PCE adult males. Together, these results highlight marked sexual differences in the effects of PCE and introduce strategies for reversing detrimental effects of PCE.