bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Namibian Children’s Heart Project: a South–South partnership to provide cardiac care
Authors: Shidhika Fenny F. , Hugo-Hamman Christopher T. , Lawrenson John B. , Du Toit Henning J. , Vosloo Susan M. , Brooks Andre , Pribut Harold S. , Perkins Susan R. , Zühlke Liesl J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionCongenital and acquired heart diseases are highly prevalent in developing countries despite limited specialised care. Namibia established a paediatric cardiac service in 2009 with significant human resource and infrastructural constraints. Therefore, patients are referred for cardiac interventions to South Africa.ObjectivesTo describe the diagnoses, clinical characteristics, interventions, post-operative morbidity and mortality, and follow-up of patients referred for care.MethodsDemographics, diagnoses, interventions, intra- and post-operative morbidity and mortality, as well as longitudinal follow-up data of all patients referred to South Africa, were recorded and analysed.ResultsThe total cohort constituted 193 patients of which 179 (93%) had CHD and 7% acquired heart disease. The majority of patients (78.8%) travelled more than 400 km to Windhoek before transfer. There were 28 percutaneous interventions. Palliative and definitive surgery was performed in 27 and 129 patients, respectively. Out of 156 patients, 80 (51.3%) had post-operative complications, of which 15 (9.6%) were a direct complication of surgery. Surgical mortality was 8/156 (5.1%, 95% confidence interval 2.2–9.8), with a 30-day mortality of 3.2%. Prolonged ICU stay was associated with a 5% increased risk of death with hazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.08, p=0.001. Follow-up was complete in 151 (78%) patients for more than 7 years.ConclusionsDespite the challenges associated with a cardiac programme for referring patients seeking intervention in a neighbouring country and the adverse characteristics of multiple lesions and complexity associated with late presentation, we report good surgical and interventional outcomes. Our goal remains to develop a comprehensive sustainable cardiac service in Namibia.
Second-language proficiency modulates the brain language control network in bilingual translators: an event-related fMRI study
Authors: Mouthon Michael , Khateb Asaid , Lazeyras François , Pegna Alan J. , Lee-Jahnke Hannelore , Lehr Caroline , Annoni Jean-Marie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn bilinguals, language proficiency has been advanced to influence the involvement of domain-general control networks in language selection. We assessed, in university student translators with moderate- to high-second language (L2) proficiency depending on their translation educational level, the functional activity in the key language and control areas (the caudate nucleus, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortex), during task- and language-selection in an oral production context. We found that L2 proficiency influenced the relative involvement of our regions of interest during language selection vs domain-general cognitive control processes. While the left middle frontal and left caudate areas were more involved during linguistic than alphanumeric task selection in the low L2 proficiency group, these regions were similarly involved in both tasks in the high-L2 proficiency group. These findings suggest that language selection relies primarily on a network within domain-general cognitive control system with an increase in resource needs when L2 proficiency is low.
Wideband radar cross section reduction of a microstrip antenna with square slots
Authors: Jiakai Zhang , Qi Zheng , Haixiong Li , Jun Ding , Chenjiang Guo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a new radar cross section (RCS) reduced microstrip antenna incorporating 475 square slots on the patch. The proposed antenna achieves wideband RCS reduction with radiation performance sustained. The modified and reference antenna are simulated and analyzed in radiating and scattering mode, respectively. Prototypes of two antennas are fabricated and measured. Compared with the reference antenna, the simulated result shows the modified antenna RCS reduced in the frequency range 1.1–2.6 GHz, which contains the in-band and out-of-band frequency band simultaneously. And the maximum RCS reduction is 7.6dB at the frequency of 1.19GHz. Besides, the modified antenna can achieve the antenna RCS reduction in the case of oblique incidence. The prototypes of two antennas are fabricated and measured, and the accuracy of the simulation is proved by the measured result. Due to its advantages of simplicity, wideband RCS reduced, broad-angle RCS reduced, the method in this paper is suitable for wideband antenna RCS reduction in space-limited environment.
Safety, procedural success and outcome of the	Aspirex®S endovascular thrombectomy system in the	treatment of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis – data from the Arnsberg	Aspirex registry
Authors: Lichtenberg Michael , Stahlhoff Wilhelm Friedrich , Özkapi Ahmet , de Graaf Rick , Breuckmann Frank 
Published: February 2019

Summary. Background: Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) represents a treatment option in addition to conventional therapy for patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We sought to determine the safety, patency and short-term outcome of the Aspirex®S catheter as a rotational mechanical thrombectomy device in the endovascular treatment of iliofemoral DVT. Patients and methods: 56 patients (66 % female, median age 51 years) undergoing mechanical thrombectomy with the Aspirex®S catheter for endovascular treatment of iliofemoral DVT were included in the analysis. Device- and procedure-related complications, prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and patency rates were determined at baseline and at 1, 6 and 12 months after intervention. Results: No device-related complications or malfunction occurred. Procedure-related complications (rehospitalization, re-occlusion of target vein, prolonged hospitalization resulting from access site complication) were seen in 14 % of patients. PMT was followed by implantation of a dedicated venous stent in all patients. Low PTS reflected by a revised venous clinical severity score (rVCSS) of < 3 and a clinical, etiologic, anatomic and pathophysiologic (CEAP) score of < 3 were achieved in 64 % of the patients at 12 months. Patency was 95 % after 1 month, 94 % after 6 months and 87 % after 12 months. Conclusions: Even though long-term studies are missing, PMT of iliofemoral DVT using the Aspirex®S rotational thrombectomy device as a standalone approach exhibited an excellent patency at short term associated with substantial prevention of moderate to severe PTS and low device-related complications including bleeding.
Generation of Earth's Early Continents From a Relatively Cool Archean Mantle
Authors: Piccolo Andrea , Palin Richard M. , Kaus Boris J.P. , White Richard W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence suggest that the Archean (4.0–2.5 Ga) mantle was hotter than today's potential temperature (TP) of 1350 °C. However, the magnitude of such difference is poorly constrained, with TP estimation spanning from 1500 to 1600 °C during the Meso‐Archean (3.2–2.8 Ga). Such differences have major implications for the interpreted mechanisms of continental crust generation on the early Earth, as their efficacy is highly sensitive to the TP. Here we integrate petrological modeling with thermomechanical simulations to understand the dynamics of crust formation during Archean. Our results predict that partial melting of primitive oceanic crust produces felsic melts with geochemical signatures matching those observed in Archean cratons from a mantle TP as low as 1450 °C thanks to lithospheric‐scale RayleighTaylor‐type instabilities. These simulations also infer the occurrence of intraplate deformation events that allow an efficient transport of crustal material into the mantle, hydrating it.
Energetic Onset of Earthquakes
Authors: Denolle Marine A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEarthquake radiation is broadband, and its temporal evolution carries the seismic signature of the rupture process. I use established and develop new observational metrics to quantify the temporal variation in radiated energy (seismic power) and in a time‐dependent scaled radiated energy. Universal functional forms of moment rate, seismic power, and scaled energy arise from a global database of source time functions. Earthquakes radiate mostly and most efficiently in the early stage of development of the rupture that is in the first 10–30% of the overall rupture duration. This result is independent of earthquake magnitude, depth, and focal mechanism. Beyond depth dependence in elastic properties with depth that explain variations in source duration and radiated energy, subtle differences in functional forms exist between shallow and deep earthquakes. Deep events have a slower development than shallow earthquakes, but they carry a higher peak in seismic power.
Seismicity Enhances Macrodispersion in Finite Porous and Fractured Domains: A Pore‐Scale Perspective
Authors: Zheng Lizhi , Wang Lichun , Deng Wen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of oscillating flow field induced by seismicity on the transport process is vital for predicting the fate and transport of solute in many dynamic environments. However, there is prominent discrepancy in arguing with the response of dispersion to the oscillating flow field (i.e., the longitudinal dispersion coefficient would decrease, increase, or maintain unchanged). To unravel the underpinning physics about this controversial response, we simulated two‐hundred twenty pore‐scale numerical experiments for the seismicity‐induced oscillating flow field and associated solute transport in the idealized finite porous (i.e., fluidic plate) and fractured (i.e., parallel plates) domains. The numerically obtained breakthrough curves were fitted to the macroscopic advection‐dispersion equation to retrieve the mean velocity and apparent macrodispersion coefficient (DL). We found that DL increases to its maxima when the oscillating flow field resonates with the finite systems, that is, the period (T) of the oscillating flow field or the seismic wave approaches the pore volume (τ) of a finite domain. The resonant effects diminish and DL barely changes when T is much larger or smaller than τ. Moreover, the degree of enhancement in DL increases exponentially with the amplitude of the seismic force. Fundamental understanding of the response of macrodispersion to the oscillating flow field adds value in predicting the fate of solute in transient flow systems via the advection‐dispersion equation.
Interannual Variability of the Exchange Flow Through the Strait of Bab‐al‐Mandeb
Authors: Xie Jieshuo , Krokos George , Sofianos Sarantis , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe interannual variability of the exchange flow between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden through the Bab‐al‐Mandeb strait is examined based on a high‐resolution, nonhydrostatic hindcast model simulation covering a 19‐year period (1995–2013), using the MITgcm (MIT general circulation model). The model is validated against moored profiles and along‐strait cruise observations collected during the period from June 1995 to November 1996 and 19‐year sea surface temperature satellite observations. The model well reproduces the properties of the water masses at the strait over a wide range of spatiotemporal scales, including the typical two‐ and three‐layer seasonal patterns and the related intraseasonal‐to‐interannual cycles. The seasonality of the exchange flow is predominately determined by the time‐varying surface winds, with a higher correlation over the Gulf of Aden, reflecting the importance of local Gulf of Aden processes for the exchanges at the strait. The alternation of the two seasonal patterns is driven by a combination of the buoyancy‐driven mean circulation with the wind‐induced transport. The onset/offset of the two patterns is estimated to take place one‐to‐two weeks after the respective monsoon‐driven wind reversal. Model results indicate that the onset dates and durations of both patterns exhibit a considerable interannual variability. Additionally, the duration of the summer (winter) exchange pattern presents a significant increasing (decreasing) trend of ~1.45 day/year (~1.22 day/year) over the 19‐year period. Significant interannual variabilities and trends are observed in terms of the total volume of water, salt mass, and stored heat of the exchanges. Budget analysis of these trends suggests that the duration of the two exchange patterns is more important in determining the interannual variability and the related trends than the intensity of the exchange, or the variations in mean salinity or temperature of the exchanged water masses.
Meteoric Beryllium‐10 as a Tracer of Erosion Due to Postsettlement Land Use in West‐Central Minnesota, USA
Authors: Jelinski Nicolas A. , Campforts Benjamin , Willenbring Jane K. , Schumacher Thomas E. , Li Sheng , Lobb David A. , Papiernik Sharon K. , Yoo Kyungsoo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMeteoric beryllium‐10 (10Bem, t1/2 = 1.4 Myr) is a cosmogenic radionuclide that remains largely underutilized for deriving hillslope‐scale estimates of erosion on uplands under conditions of land use change. We applied two different models for estimating erosion rates from observed 10Bem concentrations (a one‐dimensional model predicting vertical profiles of 10Bem within hillslope soils [loss only, diffusion only, LODO] and a two‐dimensional model predicting the concurrent evolution of hillslope topography and 10Bem distributions via bioturbation, chemical mobility, and surface erosion [Be2D]). Both models were used to derive pre‐European and post‐European settlement erosion rates (Enat and Epost, respectively) across paired cultivated and uncultivated hillslopes in west‐central Minnesota, USA. Epost estimates from 10Bem were compared to Epost estimates derived from 137Cs inventories and the process‐based Water and Tillage Erosion Model (WaTEM). The results from these models suggest that erosion rates from upper positions on the cultivated hillslope have increased from an average of 0.047 mm/year under natural conditions to Epost values of 3.09 mm/year. The Be2D and LODO models, on average, produced Epost estimates that were similar in magnitude to WaTEM and 137Cs conversion models. This numerical convergence does not imply absolute 10Bem model accuracy, particularly when considering the uncertainties inherent in each approach, but it does suggest that the orders of magnitude increase in estimated erosion rates from Enat to Epost is robust. Additionally, the pattern of Epost estimates produced using 10Bem conversion models is supported by the distribution of soil inorganic carbon at the study site. Our results demonstrate that 10Bem can provide reasonable estimates of both predisturbance and postdisturbance erosion rates in landscapes that have undergone extensive human modification.
Genetic programming of macrophages generates an in vitro model for the human erythroid island niche
Authors: Lopez-Yrigoyen Martha , Yang Cheng-Tao , Fidanza Antonella , Cassetta Luca , Taylor A. Helen , McCahill Angela , Sellink Erica , von Lindern Marieke , van den Akker Emile , Mountford Joanne C. , Pollard Jeffrey W. , Forrester Lesley M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRed blood cells mature within the erythroblastic island (EI) niche that consists of specialized macrophages surrounded by differentiating erythroblasts. Here we establish an in vitro system to model the human EI niche using macrophages that are derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and are also genetically programmed to an EI-like phenotype by inducible activation of the transcription factor, KLF1. These EI-like macrophages increase the production of mature, enucleated erythroid cells from umbilical cord blood derived CD34+ haematopoietic progenitor cells and iPSCs; this enhanced production is partially retained even when the contact between progenitor cells and macrophages is inhibited, suggesting that KLF1-induced secreted proteins may be involved in this enhancement. Lastly, we find that the addition of three secreted factors, ANGPTL7, IL-33 and SERPINB2, significantly enhances the production of mature enucleated red blood cells. Our study thus contributes to the ultimate goal of replacing blood transfusion with a manufactured product.
Hydrophobic chirality amplification in confined water cages
Authors: Song Choong Eui , Park Si Joon , Hwang In-Soo , Jung Min Jung , Shim So Young , Bae Han Yong , Jung Ji Yoon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe manipulation of the transition states of a chemical process is essential to achieve the desired selectivity. In particular, transition states of chemical reactions can be significantly modified in a confined environment. We report a catalytic reaction with remarkable amplification of stereochemical information in a confined water cage. Surprisingly, this amplification is significantly dependent on droplet size. This water-induced chirality amplification stems from the hydrophobic hydration effects, which ensures high proximity of the catalyst and substrates presumably at the transition state, leading to higher enantioselectivity. Flow and batch reactors were evaluated to confirm the generality of this water-induced chirality amplification. Our observation on efficient chiral induction in confined water cages might lead to an understanding of the chirality amplification in the prebiotic era, which is a key feature for the chemical evolution of homochirality.
Fundamental aspects to localize self-catalyzed III-V nanowires on silicon
Authors: Vukajlovic-Plestina J. , Kim W. , Ghisalberti L. , Varnavides G. , Tütüncuoglu G. , Potts H. , Friedl M. , Güniat L. , Carter W. C. , Dubrovskii V. G. , Fontcuberta i Morral A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIII-V semiconductor nanowires deterministically placed on top of silicon electronic platform would open many avenues in silicon-based photonics, quantum technologies and energy harvesting. For this to become a reality, gold-free site-selected growth is necessary. Here, we propose a mechanism which gives a clear route for maximizing the nanowire yield in the self-catalyzed growth fashion. It is widely accepted that growth of nanowires occurs on a layer-by-layer basis, starting at the triple-phase line. Contrary to common understanding, we find that vertical growth of nanowires starts at the oxide-substrate line interface, forming a ring-like structure several layers thick. This is granted by optimizing the diameter/height aspect ratio and cylindrical symmetry of holes, which impacts the diffusion flux of the group V element through the well-positioned group III droplet. This work provides clear grounds for realistic integration of III-Vs on silicon and for the organized growth of nanowires in other material systems.
Paraffin-enabled graphene transfer
Authors: Leong Wei Sun , Wang Haozhe , Yeo Jingjie , Martin-Martinez Francisco J. , Zubair Ahmad , Shen Pin-Chun , Mao Yunwei , Palacios Tomas , Buehler Markus J. , Hong Jin-Yong , Kong Jing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe performance and reliability of large-area graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition are often limited by the presence of wrinkles and the transfer-process-induced polymer residue. Here, we report a transfer approach using paraffin as a support layer, whose thermal properties, low chemical reactivity and non-covalent affinity to graphene enable transfer of wrinkle-reduced and clean large-area graphene. The paraffin-transferred graphene has smooth morphology and high electrical reliability with uniform sheet resistance with ~1% deviation over a centimeter-scale area. Electronic devices fabricated on such smooth graphene exhibit electrical performance approaching that of intrinsic graphene with small Dirac points and high carrier mobility (hole mobility = 14,215 cm2 V−1 s−1; electron mobility = 7438 cm2 V−1 s−1), without the need of further annealing treatment. The paraffin-enabled transfer process could open realms for the development of high-performance ubiquitous electronics based on large-area two-dimensional materials.
Design strategy for serine hydroxymethyltransferase probes based on retro-aldol-type reaction
Authors: Nonaka Hiroshi , Nakanishi Yuki , Kuno Satoshi , Ota Tomoki , Mochidome Kentaro , Saito Yutaro , Sugihara Fuminori , Takakusagi Yoichi , Aoki Ichio , Nagatoishi Satoru , Tsumoto Kouhei , Sando Shinsuke 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSerine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that converts serine to glycine. It plays an important role in one-carbon metabolism. Recently, SHMT has been shown to be associated with various diseases. Therefore, SHMT has attracted attention as a biomarker and drug target. However, the development of molecular probes responsive to SHMT has not yet been realized. This is because SHMT catalyzes an essential yet simple reaction; thus, the substrates that can be accepted into the active site of SHMT are limited. Here, we focus on the SHMT-catalyzed retro-aldol reaction rather than the canonical serine–glycine conversion and succeed in developing fluorescent and 19F NMR molecular probes. Taking advantage of the facile and direct detection of SHMT, the developed fluorescent probe is used in the high-throughput screening for human SHMT inhibitors, and two hit compounds are obtained.
Continuous and scalable manufacture of amphibious energy yarns and textiles
Authors: Gong Wei , Hou Chengyi , Zhou Jie , Guo Yinben , Zhang Wei , Li Yaogang , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBiomechanical energy harvesting textiles based on nanogenerators that convert mechanical energy into electricity have broad application prospects in next-generation wearable electronic devices. However, the difficult-to-weave structure, limited flexibility and stretchability, small device size and poor weatherability of conventional nanogenerator-based devices have largely hindered their real-world application. Here, we report a highly stretchable triboelectric yarn that involves unique structure design based on intrinsically elastic silicone rubber tubes and extrinsically elastic built-in stainless steel yarns. By using a modified melt-spinning method, we realize scalable-manufacture of the self-powered yarn. A hundred-meter-length triboelectric yarn is demonstrated, but not limited to this size. The triboelectric yarn shows a large working strain (200%) and promising output. Moreover, it has superior performance in liquid, therefore showing all-weather durability. We also show that the development of this energy yarn facilitates the manufacturing of large-area self-powered textiles and provide an attractive direction for the study of amphibious wearable technologies.