bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spectral Dimension of Arctic Outgoing Longwave Radiation and Greenhouse Efficiency Trends From 2003 to 2016
Authors: Peterson Colten A. , Chen Xiuhong , Yue Qing , Huang Xianglei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFourteen years of spectral fluxes derived from collocated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations are used in conjunction with AIRS retrievals to examine the trends of zonal mean spectral outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and greenhouse efficiency (GHE) in the Arctic. AIRS retrieved profiles are fed into a radiative transfer model to generate synthetic clear‐sky spectral OLR. Trends are derived from the simulated clear‐sky spectral OLR and GHE and then compared with their counterparts derived from collocated observations. Spectral trends in different seasons are distinctively different. March and September exhibit positive trends in spectral OLR over the far‐IR dirty window and mid‐IR window region for most of the Arctic. In contrast, spectral OLR trends in July are negative over the far‐IR dirty window and can be positive or negative in the mid‐IR window depending on the latitude. Sensitivity studies reveal that surface temperature contributes much more than atmospheric temperature and humidity to the spectral OLR and GHE trends, while the contributions from the latter two are also discernible over many spectral regions (e.g., trends in the far‐IR dirty window in March). The largest increase of spectral GHE is seen north of 80°N in March across the water vapor v2 band and far‐IR. When the secular fractional change of spectral OLR is less than that of surface spectral emission, an increase of spectral GHE can be expected. Spectral trend analyses reveal more information than broadband trend analyses alone.
Impacts of Expanding Impervious Surface on Specific Conductance in Urbanizing Streams
Authors: Baker M. E. , Schley M. L. , Sexton J. O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLong‐term analysis indicates that progressive salinization of freshwaters is widespread. Although increases are often associated with urbanization, knowledge of chemical dynamics during urbanization is limited and typically drawn from space‐for‐time studies. Thus, the potential role of stream chemistry in sharp biodiversity losses observed at low levels of urbanization is difficult to distinguish from other concurrent factors such as temperature, flow, or sediment. We used a 25‐year annual time series of impervious cover for the Baltimore‐Washington, DC, metropolitan area to interpret long‐term records from 12 watershed‐monitoring stations in the Mid‐Atlantic Piedmont USA from 1986 to 2010 and explore stream conductivity under progressive urbanization. All 12 watersheds experienced variable but monotonic increases in impervious cover, which ranged from <1% to nearly 25% of contributing area. All monitoring stations exhibited elevated specific conductance relative to background concentrations. Proliferation of impervious cover led to seasonal shifts in monthly conductivity maxima, with progressive dominance of winter pulses and diminishing signal from evapotranspirative concentration in late summer. We found consistently steep increases in stream conductivity across years and seasons associated with incremental increases in low (0‐4.5%) levels of watershed impervious cover; moderate to low rates of increase, but distinct seasonal concentrations from 4.5 to 13.8% impervious cover; and increasing predominance of pulses at high levels of impervious cover (>13.8%), particularly when conditioned on winter storm events. Observed patterns may suggest distinct sources and different degrees of hydrologic connection. Despite ubiquitous increases, variability in conductivity trends across space and time underscores the need for more intensive monitoring as urbanization progresses.
Capillary Effects on Groundwater Response to Earth Tides
Authors: Wang Chi‐Yuen , Zhu Ai‐Yu , Liao Xin , Manga Michael , Wang Lee‐Ping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe response of unconfined aquifers to Earth's solid tides (Earth tides) has been used to study a number of hydrogeological, environmental, and ecological processes. The traditional interpretation of such responses has been based on a model that assumes free flow of groundwater to the water table, even though capillary effects have long been recognized to influence the response of coastal aquifers to ocean tides. Here we study the capillary effect on the response of unconfined aquifers to Earth tides, using a numerical procedure that couples groundwater flow and poroelastic strain in both the saturated and the unsaturated zones. We show that when the water table rises to the surface and the capillary zone disappears, the predicted tidal response is identical to that predicted by the traditional model. But when the capillary zone is present when the water table falls below the surface, the predicted amplitude ratio and phase shift depart notably from those predicted by the traditional model. We apply the model to a field case where large seasonal changes of tidal response have been documented. We show that the large seasonal changes in the tidal response may be due to the change of the water table from a capillary‐affected state to a capillary‐free state when the water table rises annually to the ground surface. Thus, the omission of the capillary effects in the interpretation of the response of unconfined aquifers to Earth tides may lead to incorrect inference of subsurface processes and properties.
Programmable coupled oscillators for synchronized locomotion
Authors: Dutta Sourav , Parihar Abhinav , Khanna Abhishek , Gomez Jorge , Chakraborty Wriddhi , Jerry Matthew , Grisafe Benjamin , Raychowdhury Arijit , Datta Suman 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe striking similarity between biological locomotion gaits and the evolution of phase patterns in coupled oscillatory network can be traced to the role of central pattern generator located in the spinal cord. Bio-inspired robotics aim at harnessing this control approach for generation of rhythmic patterns for synchronized limb movement. Here, we utilize the phenomenon of synchronization and emergent spatiotemporal pattern from the interaction among coupled oscillators to generate a range of locomotion gait patterns. We experimentally demonstrate a central pattern generator network using capacitively coupled Vanadium Dioxide nano-oscillators. The coupled oscillators exhibit stable limit-cycle oscillations and tunable natural frequencies for real-time programmability of phase-pattern. The ultra-compact 1 Transistor-1 Resistor implementation of oscillator and bidirectional capacitive coupling allow small footprint area and low operating power. Compared to biomimetic CMOS based neuron and synapse models, our design simplifies on-chip implementation and real-time tunability by reducing the number of control parameters.
Power law relations in earthquakes from microscopic to macroscopic scales
Authors: Meng Fanzhen , Wong Louis Ngai Yuen , Zhou Hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the physics of earthquakes is a crucial step towards improving the prediction accuracy of earthquakes. Scale invariance or fractal features are often reported in earthquakes, such as the size distribution of earthquakes, the spatial distribution of hypocenters, and the frequency of aftershocks. Here we assess whether other key parameters and quantities involved in earthquakes also conform to the power law. By analyzing a large amount of data collected from the laboratory experiments and field monitoring of earthquakes, we find that the crack density on the two sides of small scale fracture or large scale fault decreases with increasing distance following the power law, and the crack number-crack length distribution is also scale invariant like natural faults. Besides, the earthquake b-value is found to decrease with increasing stress in a power law in the brittle regime of the Earth’s crust. The friction coefficient for dry fault and gouges or for partially saturated gouges decreases with the increasing effective normal stress in a power law. The stress dependency of b-value and friction coefficient is dictated by different mechanisms. Our findings will advance the understanding of earthquake physics, and will enable us to better model, predict and conduct hazard assessment of earthquakes.
Uncovering mechanisms of global ocean change effects on the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) through metabolomics analysis
Authors: Wanamaker Shelly A. , McElhany Paul , Maher Michael , Perez Danielle , Busch D. Shallin , Nichols Krista M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Dungeness crab is an economically and ecologically important species distributed along the North American Pacific coast. To predict how Dungeness crab may physiologically respond to future global ocean change on a molecular level, we performed untargeted metabolomic approaches on individual Dungeness crab juveniles reared in treatments that mimicked current and projected future pH and dissolved oxygen conditions. We found 94 metabolites and 127 lipids responded in a condition-specific manner, with a greater number of known compounds more strongly responding to low oxygen than low pH exposure. Pathway analysis of these compounds revealed that juveniles may respond to low oxygen through evolutionarily conserved processes including downregulating glutathione biosynthesis and upregulating glycogen storage, and may respond to low pH by increasing ATP production. Most interestingly, we found that the response of juveniles to combined low pH and low oxygen exposure was most similar to the low oxygen exposure response, indicating low oxygen may drive the physiology of juvenile crabs more than pH. Our study elucidates metabolic dynamics that expand our overall understanding of how the species might respond to future ocean conditions and provides a comprehensive dataset that could be used in future ocean acidification response studies.
Age, sex, adult and larval diet shape starvation resistance in the Mediterranean fruit fly: an ecological and gerontological perspective
Authors: Gerofotis Christos D. , Kouloussis Nikos A. , Koukougiannidou Christiana , Papadopoulos Nikos T. , Damos Petros , Koveos Dimitris S. , Carey James R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ability of an animal to withstand periods of food deprivation is a key driver of invasion success (biodiversity), adaptation to new conditions, and a crucial determinant of senescence in populations. Starvation resistance (SR) is a highly plastic trait and varies in relation to environmental and genetic variables. However, beyond Drosophila, SR has been studied poorly. Exploiting an interesting model species in invasion and ageing studies-the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata)- we investigated how age, food and gender, shape SR in this species. We measured SR in adults feeding in rich and poor dietary conditions, which had been reared either on natural hosts or artificial larval diet, for every single day across their lifespan. We defined which factor is the most significant determinant of SR and we explored potential links between SR and ageing. We found that SR declines with age, and that age-specific patterns are shaped in relation to adult and larval diet. Females exhibited higher SR than males. Age and adult diet were the most significant determinants of SR, followed by gender and the larval diet. Starvation resistance proved to be a weak predictor of functional ageing. Possible underlying mechanisms, ecological and gerontological significance and potential applied benefits are discussed.
Etiology and Outcome of non-immune Hydrops Fetalis in Southern China: report of 1004 cases
Authors: Meng Dahua , Li Qifei , Hu Xuehua , Wang Lifang , Tan Shuyin , Su Jiasun , Zhang Yue , Sun Weijia , Chen Biyan , He Sheng , Lin Fei , Xie Bobo , Chen Shaoke , Agrawal Pankaj B. , Luo Shiyu , Fu Chunyun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNon-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is a complex condition with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Here we report the etiology and outcome of 1004 fetuses with NIHF, in a large single Maternal and Children’s hospital of Southern China, since the year of 2009 to 2016. Among these 1004 fetuses with NIHF, the etiology was identified prenatally in 722 of them (72%). The most common ones were hematologic diseases and chromosomal abnormalities. There were eight spontaneous abortions, 18 intrauterine fetal demise, 672 pregnancy terminations and 87 were lost to follow-up. 219 of the 1004 fetuses were live-born and the overall survival rate was 21.8% at this point. After birth 16 perinatal or early neonatal deaths were encountered and five lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 198 newborns, 153 thrived without apparent morbidity. The most significant factors associated with mortality were prematurity and low birthweight. In conclusion, we described the largest report of underlying causes and outcome of NIHF in Southern China. Etiologies were identified for 72% of 1004 fetuses with NIHF. And two poor prognostic factors for survival are preterm birth at less than 36.5 weeks and birthweight lower than 2575 g respectively.
Investigation of the effects of electromagnetic field treatment of hot spring water for scale inhibition using a fibre optic sensor
Authors: Okazaki Takuya , Umeki Senshin , Orii Tatsuya , Ikeya Ryusuke , Sakaguchi Aya , Yamamoto Takamichi , Watanabe Tomoaki , Ueda Akira , Kuramitz Hideki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTreatment with an electromagnetic field, one of the potential techniques to inhibit scale deposition from water, has the advantage of not requiring the addition of any chemicals. Field tests using a fibre optic sensor were conducted to evaluate the effect that the treatment of hot spring water in Matsushiro, Japan with an electromagnetic field had on calcium carbonate scale formation. The optical response to scale deposition recorded by the fibre optic sensor decreased as a consequence of the application of an electromagnetic field, and the effectiveness of scale formation inhibition depended on the frequency of the electromagnetic field. This evidence was compared with results from changes in scale mass measured using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method. Mass increases of the scale formed on the quartz crystal surface in hot spring water were inhibited by electromagnetic field treatment. These results were verified performing a column flow test, whereby the flow rate of hot spring water through a column was measured.
Heart Rhythm Complexity Impairment in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Hsuan , Ma Hsi-Pin , Lin Yen-Tin , Hung Chi-Sheng , Hsieh Mi-Chia , Chang Ting-Yu , Kuo Ping-Hung , Lin Chen , Lo Men-Tzung , Hsu Hsao-Hsun , Peng Chung-Kang , Lin Yen-Hung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPulmonary hypertension is a fatal disease, however reliable prognostic tools are lacking. Heart rhythm complexity analysis is derived from non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and has shown excellent performance in predicting clinical outcomes in several cardiovascular diseases. However, heart rhythm complexity has not previously been studied in pulmonary hypertension patients. We prospectively analyzed 57 patients with pulmonary hypertension (31 with pulmonary arterial hypertension and 26 with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension) and compared them to 57 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Heart rhythm complexity including detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and multiscale entropy (MSE) and linear HRV parameters were analyzed. The patients with pulmonary hypertension had significantly lower mean RR, SDRR, pNN20, VLF, LF, LF/HF ratio, DFAα1, MSE slope 5, scale 5, area 1–5 and area 6–20 compared to the controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that heart rhythm complexity parameters were better than traditional HRV parameters to predict pulmonary hypertension. Among all parameters, scale 5 had the greatest power to differentiate the pulmonary hypertension patients from controls (AUC: 0.845, P < 0.001). Furthermore, adding heart rhythm complexity parameters significantly improved the discriminatory power of the traditional HRV parameters in both net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement models. In conclusion, the patients with pulmonary hypertension had worse heart rhythm complexity. MSE parameters, especially scale 5, had excellent single discriminatory power to predict whether or not patients had pulmonary hypertension.
Soluble and membrane-bound protein carrier mediate direct copper transport to the ethylene receptor family
Authors: Hoppen Claudia , Müller Lena , Hänsch Sebastian , Uzun Buket , Milić Dalibor , Meyer Andreas J. , Weidtkamp-Peters Stefanie , Groth Georg 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe plant hormone ethylene is a key regulator of plant growth, development and stress adaption. Ethylene perception and response are mediated by a family of integral membrane receptors (ETRs) localized at the ER-Golgi network. The biological function of these receptors relies on a protein-bound copper cofactor. Nonetheless, molecular processes and structures controlling assembly and integration of the metal into the functional plant hormone receptor are still unknown. Here, we have explored the molecular pathways of copper transfer from the plant cytosol to the ethylene receptor family by analyzing protein–protein interactions of receptors with soluble and membrane-bound plant copper carriers. Our results suggest that receptors primarily acquire their metal cofactor from copper transporter RESPONSIVE-TO-ANTAGONIST-1 (RAN1) which has been loaded with the transition metal beforehand by soluble copper carriers of the ATX1-family. In addition, we found evidence for a direct interaction of ETRs with soluble chaperones ANTIOXIDANT-1 (ATX1) and COPPER TRANSPORT PROTEIN (CCH) raising the possibility of a direct copper exchange between soluble chaperones and receptors.
Administration of Tramadol or Buprenorphine via the drinking water for post-operative analgesia in a mouse-osteotomy model
Authors: Jirkof Paulin , Durst Mattea , Klopfleisch Robert , Palme Rupert , Thöne-Reineke Christa , Buttgereit Frank , Schmidt-Bleek Katharina , Lang Annemarie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdequate analgesia is essential whenever pain might occur in animal experiments. Unfortunately, the selection of suitable analgesics for mice in bone-linked models is limited. Here, we evaluated two analgesics – Tramadol [0.1 mg/ml (Tlow) vs. 1 mg/ml (Thigh)] and Buprenorphine (Bup; 0.009 mg/ml) – after a pre-surgical injection of Buprenorphine, in a mouse-osteotomy model. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of these opioids in alleviating pain-related behaviors, to provide evidence for adequate dosages and to examine potential side effects. High concentrations of Tramadol affected water intake, drinking frequency, food intake and body weight negatively in the first 2–3 days post-osteotomy, while home cage activity was comparable between all groups. General wellbeing parameters were strongly influenced by anesthesia and analgesics. Model-specific pain parameters did not indicate more effective pain relief at high concentrations of Tramadol. In addition, ex vivo high-resolution micro computed tomography (µCT) analysis and histology analyzing bone healing outcomes showed no differences between analgesic groups with respect to newly formed mineralized bone, cartilage and vessels. Our results show that high concentrations of Tramadol do not improve pain relief compared to low dosage Tramadol and Buprenorphine, but rather negatively affect animal wellbeing.
Illusory agency attribution to others performing actions similar to one’s own
Authors: Nomura Osamu , Ogata Taiki , Miyake Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhen people observe others performing actions similar to their own while dancing or playing musical instruments, they sometimes feel as if their actions were subsumed into others’ actions or others’ actions led their own actions. Many studies have been conducted to investigate agency attribution. However, these studies have mainly examined agency attribution in cases where people do not know the true agent. Few studies have focused on how people attribute agency to others despite knowing that they themselves are actual agents. This study investigates agency attribution to others performing actions similar to one’s own when one knows who the actual agent is. We evaluated agency attribution when participants manipulated a mouse to control a cursor while observing another person performing similar actions. Our findings demonstrated that participants could attribute agency to others despite knowing that they themselves were actual agents. We refer to this illusory sense as “illusory agency attribution to others.” We suggest that illusory agency attribution to others is determined by multiple factors including a bottom-up process with a subjective feeling of agency in addition to a top-down process with an interpretative judgement of agency.
Clinical characteristics and disease-specific prognostic nomogram for primary gliosarcoma: a SEER population-based analysis
Authors: Feng Song-Shan , Li Huang-bao , Fan Fan , Li Jing , Cao Hui , Xia Zhi-Wei , Yang Kui , Zhu Xiao-San , Cheng Ting-Ting , Cheng Quan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBecause the study population with gliosarcoma (GSM) is limited, the understanding of this disease is insufficient. In this study, the authors aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and independent prognostic factors influencing the prognosis of GSM patients and to develop a nomogram to predict the prognosis of GSM patients after craniotomy. A total of 498 patients diagnosed with primary GSM between 2004 and 2015 were extracted from the 18 Registries Research Data of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The median disease-specific survival (DSS) was 12.0 months, and the postoperative 0.5-, 1-, and 3-year DSS rates were 71.4%, 46.4% and 9.8%, respectively. We applied both the Cox proportional hazards model and the decision tree model to determine the prognostic factors of primary GSM. The Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that age at presentation, tumour size, metastasis state and adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) were independent prognostic factors for DSS. The decision tree model suggested that age <71 years and adjuvant CT were associated with a better prognosis for GSM patients. The nomogram generated via the Cox proportional hazards model was developed by applying the rms package in R version 3.5.0. The C-index of internal validation for DSS prediction was 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63 to 0.70). The calibration curve at one year suggested that there was good consistency between the predicted DSS and the actual DSS probability. This study was the first to develop a disease-specific nomogram for predicting the prognosis of primary GSM patients after craniotomy, which can help clinicians immediately and accurately predict patient prognosis and conduct further treatment.