bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Militarizált szex: katonák, prostitúció, nemi betegségek a Nagy Háborúban
Authors: Forrai Judit 
Published: February 2019

Since ever, it was a serious problem of military leaderships to manage the soldiers’ sexual demands and practice, generally speaking, their relationship with women and as a consequence to treat the sexually transmitted infectious diseases. It was a serious problem especially in prolonged campaigns. In all kind of warfare, there is a close tripartite interrelation of sex, prostitution and venereal diseases among the military personnel. Nevertheless managing them as a complex issue shows a wide range of varieties in specific historic periods.
The military way of thinking and policy do definitely not resemble the circumstances, expectations and paradigms of the usual civil life-style. Military tasks and law enforcement are more rigorous than the civil ones for the tasks to be achieved are commended, typically in a relentless way and controlled continuously.
Stages of development, movements, steps and commandments presented here indicate clearly the eternity of this topic and a wide range of solutions, depending on the actual historic era of sciences, politics, and behavioural patterns.
The Great War induced substantial changes in the military way of thinking. In the wake of spreading sexually transmitted diseases, there were established field brothels by the military supply system with painstaking regulations. The present study shows the history of these facilities.
A háború pillangói
Authors: Majdán Mira 
Published: February 2019

Az első világháború centenáriumi megemlékezéseinek sorába illeszkedően még 2016-ban nyílt meg először ez az igen izgalmas és nagy érdeklődést vonzó tárlat a kecskeméti Katona József Múzeum szervezésében. Eredeti kiállítóhelyén komoly port kavart a tárlat létrehozása, sokan ugyanis nem voltak meggyőződve arról, hogy ez a téma múzeumba illő lenne.
Holott a fegyveres konfliktusok és a prostitúció kapcsolata, összefüggései régóta vitathatatlanok, és évtizedek óta neves történészek foglalkoznak a kérdéskörrel Magyarországon is. Szerencsére a tárlat Pécsre érkezését semmilyen elítélő hangulat nem övezte, így a Király utcai patinás kiállítóhelyünkön, a Vasváry-házban kaphatott helyet március és június vége között.
Fotó: Füzi István
New Optimized Numerical Solution of Interfacial Stresses in Steel Strengthened Structures with CFRP
Authors: Belabed Youssouf , Kerboua Bachir , Tarfaoui Mostapha 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are widely used in many structural applications, such as rehabilitating and reinforcing different structures that are subjected to risks of external damage, because of their excellent material properties. However, this technique leads to a delamination problem, which is a failure mode that occurs between the FRP patch and the retrofitted structure and is caused by the interfacial stress concentration in the adhesive layer, thereby reducing the effectiveness of this reinforcement technique. Thus, the objective of this research is to investigate the taper effect of multilayer FRP patch on the reduction of the interfacial stresses, including fiber orientation and shear-lag effect, while thermo-mechanical loads are applied. An analytical model is developed to predict the interfacial stresses in the adhesively patched structures with FRP. A numerical simulation using finite element method is also employed to validate the results from the analytical analysis. Finally, a parametric study is carried out in order to determine the influence of each parameter and to determine the optimal configurations.
Non-invasive evaluation of cerebral hemodynamic and intracranial pressure in pediatric neuroinfections
Authors: Georgiynts М. А. , Коrsunov V. А. , Оlkhovska О. М. , Stoliarov К. E. 
Published: February 2019

The study of intracranial pressure (eICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (eCPP), cerebral blood flow index (CFI), zero flow pressure (ZFP) in 49 children hospitalized in the intensive care unit with severe course of neuroinfections was carried out. The level of consciousness was determined by the Glasgow pediatric scale. Monitoring of central and peripheral hemodynamics (ECG, heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure, and cardiac output), pulse oximetry, capnography, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, urea, creatinine, lactate, glucose and serum electrolytes was done. An ultrasound scanner was used to perform ultrasound duplex scanning of blood flow in the left and middle cerebral artery (MCA), measuring maximum, minimum and average blood flow velocities, pulsation index (PI), and resistance index (RI). Based on the formulae of Edouard et al. indicators of eCPP, ZFP, CFI, eICP were calculated. The eSCP was also determined by the formulae of Kligenchöfer et al. and Bellner et al. All patients were divided into group I with RI > 1.3 and group II with RI < 1.3. It was found that eCPP in the group I was significantly less (29.5 ± 1.3 mm Hg) than in the II group (41.6 ± 1.7 mm Hg). Despite the lack of a reliable difference in blood pressure between groups I and II, the difference in eCPP was found due to a significant difference in eICP 34.6 ± 1.4 and 27.6 ± 0.89 mm Hg in I and II groups respectively. ZFP in group I was significantly higher than in group II. The indexes of the Glasgow coma scale was significantly lower in group I and 7.8 ± 0.6 points. There were observed direct moderate correlations between systolic blood pressure, cardiac output and eSRP and CFI, presumably associated with a loss of autoregulation. CFI in the group I was lower than in the group II. Thus, non-invasive examination of cerebral flow in MCA by duplex sonography revealed that PI > 1.3 is an informative marker of intracranial hypertension and reduction of cerebral perfusion, which is common in children with neuroinfections. To determine the eSRP and CFI it is advisable to use the formula of Edouard et al. and to determine the eICP the formula of Kligenchöfer et al. The obtained data can be useful for objectifying the severity of the condition, predicting the outcomes of neuroinfections, choosing the directions of intensive care and evaluating its effectiveness.
Compositions of essential oils with antimicrobial properties against isolates from oral cavities of patients with inflammatory diseases of the periodontium
Authors: Kryvtsova M. V. , Kostenko Y. Y. , Salamon I. 
Published: February 2019

The significant spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms which are part of microbial associations of the oral cavity is considered one of the main causes for the complications and relapses of inflammatory diseases of the periodontium. This problem underlines the importance of constant monitoring of the circulation of polyantibiotic-resistant isolates, and development of new approaches and means of correction for the microbiocoenosis of the oral cavity affected by inflammatory processes. The paper is dedicated to research of antimicrobial properties of essential oil compositions against opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms, agents of inflammatory diseases of the periodontium. Out of the microorganisms isolated from the nidus of inflammation, the extra antibiotic-resistant ones were chosen. For the purpose of antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial activity testing, the disc diffusion method was used. The following compositions were manufactured from essential oils: Hyssopus officinalis L. + Rossmarinus officinalis L.; Menta piperita L. + H. officinalis; R. officinalis + Coriandrum sativum L.; R. officinalis + M. piperita + H. officinalis. The compositions H. officinalis + R. officinalis; M. piperita + H. officinalis were shown to have the highest level of antibacterial activity against clinical and typical isolates. Combinations of essential oils demonstrated a broader spectrum of activity against microorganisms than their components taken separately. Certain essential oils and the compositions H. officinalis + R. officinalis; M. piperita + H. officinalis were ascertained to have a high anti-mycotic activity against Candida genus microscopic fungi. This fact proves the advantage of application of combinations of essential oils compared to the use of their separate components. However, not all variants reviewed showed additive antimicrobial effect of the use of combinations of essential oils. The compositions that showed high antibacterial properties against the reviewed isolates may be used for oral hygiene products.
Soluble curcumin prevents cadmium cytotoxicity in primary rat astrocytes by improving a lack of GFAP and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase
Authors: Nedzvetsky V. S. , Sukharenko E. V. , Kyrychenko S. V. , Baydas G. 
Published: February 2019

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal which is widespread in various environmental components. Moreover several occupational diseases have the complications that are related to Cd cytotoxicity. Low doses of Cd exposure could induce pathogenetic disturbances in several sensitive cells as result of its long biological half-life and accumulation in vital tissue types. Prolonged Cd exposure was determined as main factor in accumulation of this metal ion over time in the liver, kidneys and neural tissue cells. The neurotoxic effect of Cd was presented in several articles which reported both in vivo and in vitro study. One of the main causes of Cd neurotoxicity is the ability of this ion to increase the permeability of the blood brain barrier. Despite a focus of attention on Cd cytotoxicity over the last few decades, the effect of Cd in neural tissue cells has been presented in a limited number of articles. The neurotoxic effect of Cd is accompanied by biochemical changes as well as a lack of functional activity of the central nervous system. Taking into account that the cytotoxic effect of Cd is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and selective cell death, antioxidants could be used to protect neural tissue cells against both chronic and acute Cd exposure. Antioxidants protect diverse cell types against metal induced cytotoxicity. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol which exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. Soluble forms of cucrcumin can penetrate the blood brain barrier and protect neural tissue cells against detrimental effects of cytotoxic compounds. Glial cells are the most numerous cell population in CNS. Astrocytes possess the ability to protect the neuronal cells against cytotoxicity and maintain CNS functions. The cytoskeleton of astrocytes is constructed with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). GFAP is involved in essential functions of astrocytes and reflects astrocyte reactivity. The molecular mechanisms of the neurotoxic effect of Cd on glial cytoskeleton remain unknown. Primary astrocyte cell culture was used as model to assess the gliotoxic effect of Cd as well as the potency of low doses of soluble curcumin to ameliorate the neurotoxic effect of Cd. The obtained results demonstrated depletion of GFAP and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) in astrocytes treated with 10 µM Cd. The exposure to 5 µM curcumin ameliorated the expression both of GFAP and G6PD in Cd suppressed astrocytes. Moreover, low doses of soluble curcumin significantly prevented the detrimental effects of Cd on cell viability and indices of oxidative stress. The obtained results are evidence that soluble forms of curcumin improve astrocyte viability, cytoskeleton depletion and glucose utilization pathway. Thus, soluble curcumin possesses a neuroprotective effect directed on astrocyte cytoskeleton and metabolic energy production.
Optimization of Ginkgo biloba cultivation technology in open soil conditions
Authors: Kovalenko I. M. , Klymenko G. О. , Yaroschuk R. А. , Fedorchuk М. І. , Lykholat O. A. 
Published: February 2019

In recent years, interest in cultivating Ginkgo biloba L. as a medicinal plant has grown in Ukraine, and improvement of the technology of growing this plant in the conditions of the North-East of Ukraine is a relevant problem. The purpose of this article to present research on the morphological structure, growth and viability of young G. biloba plants in grown from seeds by different technologies and comparative analysis of growth and development of G. biloba plants under greenhouse conditions and on open soil. The experiment on G. biloba cultivation was initiated in 2014 in three variants (the plants were grown from the seeds). Variant No 1: G. biloba growing in a greenhouse at 60–80% humidity and temperatures not below +27 ºС; shading (shading level 60%) by green agronetting. Variant No 2: growing in open soil; shading (shading level 60%) by green agronetting; the climatic conditions were typical for Sumy region. Variant No 3: growing in open soil; there was no shading; climatic conditions were typical for the Sumy region. Plant analysis was conducted in June 2018. The following morphometric parameters of G. biloba plants were measured: plant height, annual growth of shoots, number of leaves, leaf size and leaf area, phytomass of the shoots, phytomass of leaves and phytomass of the stem, diameter of the shoots. The sampling used 60 samples. The leaf area was determined by the method of drawing contours on millimeter paper. Statistical processing of research results was carried out by generally accepted modern methods of mathematical statistics using dispersion, correlation, regression and vital analysis. In the conditions of the Ukrainian North East, G. biloba seedlings can be grown successfully in greenhouses and open soil, both with 60% shade by agronetting and without it. Differences between the plants grown in such conditions are insignificant and statistically unreliable. The obtained three to four year old G. biloba seedlings grown using different technologies were 25–30 cm in height and formed 13–17 leaves per plant. The seedlings were of quite high viability (Q is 0.22–0.30) and morphostructural integrity (67.8%). The output of viable seedlings (vital classes “a” and “b”) in variant 1 was 60%, variant 2 45% and variant 3 60%. Ecological-cenotic stability of G. biloba was observed repeatedly, though certain limitations on G. biloba cultivation may be that the plant is photophilic and thermophilic. But the conducted experiments show that the climatic conditions of the Ukrainian North-East are quite favourable for this species. Based on the data obtained for the Ukrainian North-East, it is possible to recommend the technology of growing G. biloba seedlings in open soil without agronetting as quite effective and low-cost.
Аналіз енергетичних показників конденсаторів холодильних установок з повітряним охолодженням
Authors: Стоянов П. Ф. 
Published: February 2019

В статті виконано літературний огляд досліджень пов'язаних з удосконаленням теплообмінників з повітряним охолодженням, аналіз енергетичних показників конденсаторів з повітряним охолодженням, представлені основні напрямки підвищення їх енергетичної ефективності. Автором статті досліджено роботу повітряного конденсатора при зміні режимних параметрів його експлуатації, оцінено вплив робочого тіла холодильної установки на характеристики теплообмінника. Результати проведеного дослідження свідчать, що робоче тіло холодильної установки істотно впливає (до 9,2%) на показники теплової потужності обладнання в рівноцінних умовах експлуатації. Оцінено залежність витрати охолоджуючого повітря крізь теплообмінник, зміни необхідної потужності вентилятора від температури охолоджуючого повітря на вході в апарат за умови дотримання фіксованої температури конденсації хладону та теплової потужності конденсатору. Виявлено, що при підвищенні температурі зовнішнього повітря від 25 ºС до 28 ºС відбувається підвищення енергоспоживання вентилятора серійного апарату на 250%. В роботі оцінено енергетичну ефективність конденсаторів повітряного охолодження в залежності від параметрів навколишнього середовища, сформовані рекомендації щодо оптимізації роботи теплообмінників з повітряним охолодженням.
EĞİTİMDE SANAL GERÇEKLİK UYGULAMALARINDA ERİŞİLEBİLİRLİK VE UYUMLULUK
Authors: BÜTÜN Mehmet , BUDAK Veli Özcan , SELÇUK Murat , EMRE İlkim Ecem , ŞİMŞEK İrfan 
Published: February 2019

Sanal gerçeklik (SG) teknolojilerinde yaşanan hızlı
gelişmelerle birlikte, bu alanda uygulama geliştirmeye olanak tanıyan
platformların sayısı da artış göstermiştir. Cihazların ve uygulama geliştirme
platformlarının çeşitlilik kazanması, erişilebilirlik ve uyumluluk sorunlarını
gündeme getirmektedir. Günümüzde eğitim için geliştirilen SG uygulamalarının;
hangi cihazlarla uyumlu oldukları ve dağıtıldıkları sanal uygulama mağazası
açısından hangi platformlar üzerinde erişilebilir oldukları önemli bir
araştırma konusu haline gelmiştir. Scopus
ve ERIC üzerinde yer alan, 2014-2018 yıllarında yayımlanmış, eğitim için
geliştirilen SG uygulamalarının kullanıldığı çalışmalar sistematik derleme ile analiz
edilmiştir. İncelenen makaleler; geliştirildikleri platformlar, kullanılan
yazılım dilleri, desteklenen işletim sistemi ve erişilebilecekleri sanal
mağazalar açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaların 29’unda daha önce
geliştirilmiş SG uygulamalarının kullanıldığı, 7’sinde kullanılan SG
uygulamalarına dair bilgi verilmediği, 28 çalışmada ise SG uygulamaları geliştirildiği
görülmüştür. Çalışmaların önemli bir bölümünde, SG uygulamalarının birden fazla
cihaz ya da işletim sistemi tarafından desteklenecek şekilde geliştirilmediği, sanal
uygulama mağazaları üzerinde erişime açılması konusunda belirsizliğin olduğu, yazılım
dili olarak ise farklı dillerin tercih edildiği görülmüştür. Yapılan
değerlendirmeler neticesinde çalışmaların önemli bir bölümünde yaygın etki
açısından erişilebilirlik ve uyumluluk sorunları olduğu söylenebilir. Sonuç
olarak, eğitim alanında kullanılacak SG uygulamalarının farklı işletim
sistemlerinde ve cihazlarda çalışacak şekilde platformdan bağımsız ve mobil
cihazlarla uyumlu şekilde geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
EĞİTSEL VERİ MADENCİLİĞİ VE ÖĞRENME ANALİTİKLERİ BAĞLAMINDA E-ÖĞRENME VERİLERİNDE AYKIRI GÖZLEMLERİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: KESKİN Sinan , AYDIN Furkan , YURDUGÜL Halil 
Published: February 2019

E-öğrenme teknolojilerinin sağladığı en önemli yararlardan birisi
de öğrenme verilerinin kayıt edilmesidir. Bu veriler eğitsel veri madenciliği
bağlamında analiz edilmekte ve aynı zamanda öğrenme analitikleri olarak da
kullanılmaktadır. Ancak kayıt edilen her veri sağlıklı bir öğrenme verisi
anlamına gelmemektedir. Bu nedenle analiz aşamasından önce aykırı gözlemlerin
belirlenmesi ve düzeltmelerin yapılması doğru sonuçlara ulaşılmasında önemli
bir yere sahiptir. Aykırı gözlemler, verilerin oluşma sürecinde (real-time)
belirlenebileceği gibi süreç sonunda elde edilen veri kümelerinden de
belirlenebilmektedir. Bu araştırmada bir e-öğrenme ortamından elde edilen
eğitsel veriler üzerinde aykırı gözlem belirleme yöntemlerinin kullanımı ele
alınmıştır. Araştırmada bir ders dönemi süresinde kullanılan Moodle öğrenme yönetim
sistemi (ÖYS) log kayıtları veri kümesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Veri kümesi 65
öğrencinin hiper-metin, video,
değerlendirme, scorm ve forum etkileşimlerine ilişkin toplam etkileşim
süresinden oluşmaktadır. Aykırı gözlem verilerinin belirlenmesinde Z, Grubbs,
Rosner, kutu grafiği ve
Hampel yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada aykırı gözlem verileri hazır paket
programlar kullanılmadan hesaplama çizelgeleri üzerinden işlemler yapılarak
belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerin sonucunda yöntemlere göre aykırı (anormal)
gözlem sayılarının değiştiği görülmüştür. Buradan elde edilen deneyimler ve
veri tabanı yapısı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda Z yöntemi ve kutu grafiği
yöntemlerinin bir e-öğrenme sisteminde uygulama anında aykırı gözlemlerin
tespiti amacıyla diğer yöntemlere göre daha kolay uygulanabilir olduğu, bir
başka ifadeyle bu yöntemlerin makineye öğretiminin daha işlevsel olduğu
görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte diğer yöntemlerin ise bir hipotez sınaması
gerektirmesi ve daha duyarlı sonuçlar vermesi yönünden önemli bir avantaja
sahip olduğu göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.
Análise dos determinantes de adoecimento e mortalidade dos agricultores da 9ª Região Geoadministrativa do Estado da Paraíba
Authors: Cabral Symara Abrantes Albuquerque de Oliveira , Uchoa Sayonara Abrantes de Oliveira , Alencar Maria Carmem Batista de , Silva Henrique Miguel de Lima , Maracajá Patrício Borges 
Published: February 2019

Entendendo que a saúde deve ser constituída como um conceito que vai além da ausência de doença, abrangendo aos aspectos biopsicossociais, e atrelado ao determinante de que a atividade rural traz consigo aspectos insalubres que podem vir a constituir em agravamento à saúde do agricultor, com possibilidade ainda de culminar em óbito. Diante de tais pressupostos é que o presente trabalho busca o conhecimento dos determinantes de adoecimento e mortalidade dos agricultores da 9ª Região Geoadministrativa do Estado da Paraíba, contribuindo para que, de posse de tais informações, estas possam ser utilizadas como base para o planejamento de ações de saúde direcionadas a esta população, bem como para subsidiar outros trabalhos do mesmo tipo em outras regiões, fortalecendo assim a prevenção de agravos e promoção à saúde do agricultor. Para tal realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, retrospectiva, documental, com abordagem quantitativa dos dados, com vistas a contemplar os objetivos propostos, concluindo que há uma parcela significativa de agricultores, em sua maioria do sexo feminino em se considerar os dados de gravidez, parto e puerpério, e excluindo-se tais dados tem-se uma predominância do sexo masculino, e em ambos os sexos em ocorrências nas idades de 25 a 54 anos, e com relação aos dados de mortalidade, observa-se a ocorrência predominantemente em indivíduos com idade de 65 anos e mais, com maior índice no sexo masculino, sendo desfecho de patologias relacionadas a algumas doenças infecciosas e parasitárias, doenças do aparelho circulatório, doenças do aparelho respiratório, e sintomas, sinais e achados anormais de exames clínicos e de laboratório, não classificados em outra parte. Deste modo, os dados levantados são importantes no sentido de considerar a necessidade de ações preventivas mais direcionadas a população masculina, que apresentam maior prevalência tanto em hospitalizações como na ocorrência de óbitos.
ANALYSING THE USE AND DESIGN OF GEOMORPHOLOGY MULTIMEDIAIN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION DEPARTMENTIN IN UNIVERSITIES OF ACEH PROVINCE
Authors: . Hasmunir 
Published: February 2019

Purpose of the study:The objective of the study was to analysethe use of multimedia by lectures at Geography Education Department in Aceh.
Methodology:The subject of this study was a lecturer teaching geomorphology, while the object was the use of multimedia and its design. Data collection was carried out through qualitative and quantitative approaches using multimedia documentation and geomorphological multimedia designs. Data processing is done by analysing multimedia usage and design in learning geomorphology.
Main Findings:The results of the analysis show that geomorphological learning multimedia is used in the form of dictates, power points, and the internet which presents one unit of landform. There are no integrated multimedia and multimedia results from their own. Field practice equipment is available in the form of plywood, fabric meter, bow, loop, GPS, and hammer.
Applications of this study:This study provide information tolecturers at Geography Education Department in Aceh in teaching.
Novelty:Few lectures are interested in incorporating multimedia in their teaching even though it is the best media for learning geomorphology.