bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking the ‘black box’ of lay health worker processes in a US-based intervention
Authors: Burke Nancy J , Phung Kristine , Yu Filmer , Wong Ching , Le Khanh , Nguyen Isabel , Nguyen Long , Guan Alice , Nguyen Tung T , Tsoh Janice Y 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Prior studies have supported the effectiveness of the use of Lay Health Workers (LHWs) as an intervention model for managing chronic health conditions, yet few have documented the mechanisms that underlie the effectiveness of the interventions. This study provides a first look into how LHWs delivered a family-based intervention and the challenges encountered. We utilize observation data from LHW-led educational sessions delivered as part of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to test a LHW outreach family-based intervention to promote smoking cessation among Vietnamese American smokers. The RCT included experimental (smoking cessation) and control (healthy living) arms. Vietnamese LHWs were trained to provide health information in Vietnamese to groups of family dyads (smoker and family member). Bilingual, bicultural research team members conducted unobtrusive observations in a subset of LHW educational sessions and described the setting, process and activities in structured fieldnotes. Two team members coded each fieldnote following a grounded theory approach. We utilized Atlas.ti qualitative software to organize coding and facilitate combined analysis. Findings offer a detailed look at the ‘black box’ of how LHWs work with their participants to deliver health messages. LHWs utilized multiple relational strategies, including preparing an environment that enables relationship building, using recognized teaching methods to engage learners and co-learners as well as using humor and employing culturally specific strategies such as hierarchical forms of address to create trust. Future research will assess the effectiveness of LHW techniques, thus enhancing the potential of LHW interventions to promote health among underserved populations.
Hunt for the tipping point during endocrine resistance process in breast cancer by dynamic network biomarkers
Authors: Liu Rui , Wang Jinzeng , Ukai Masao , Sewon Ki , Chen Pei , Suzuki Yutaka , Wang Haiyun , Aihara Kazuyuki , Okada-Hatakeyama Mariko , Chen Luonan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAcquired drug resistance is the major reason why patients fail to respond to cancer therapies. It is a challenging task to determine the tipping point of endocrine resistance and detect the associated molecules. Derived from new systems biology theory, the dynamic network biomarker (DNB) method is designed to quantitatively identify the tipping point of a drastic system transition and can theoretically identify DNB genes that play key roles in acquiring drug resistance. We analyzed time-course mRNA sequence data generated from the tamoxifen-treated estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 cell line, and identified the tipping point of endocrine resistance with its leading molecules. The results show that there is interplay between gene mutations and DNB genes, in which the accumulated mutations eventually affect the DNB genes that subsequently cause the change of transcriptional landscape, enabling full-blown drug resistance. Survival analyses based on clinical datasets validated that the DNB genes were associated with the poor survival of breast cancer patients. The results provided the detection for the pre-resistance state or early signs of endocrine resistance. Our predictive method may greatly benefit the scheduling of treatments for complex diseases in which patients are exposed to considerably different drugs and may become drug resistant.
Factors Affecting Prognosis of Patients With Osteoblastoma of the Mobile Spine: A Long-Term Follow-up Study of 70 Patients in a Single Center
Authors: Jia Qi , Liu Chao , Yang Jian , Yin Huabin , Zhao Jian , Wei Haifeng , Liu Tielong , Yang Xinghai , Yang Cheng , Zhou Zhenhua , Xiao Jianru 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Osteoblastoma (OBL) in the mobile spine is a benign tumor with aggressive potential. There is not much published information on OBL of the mobile spine as a result of rarity of the disease. There are controversies over the aggressive subtype and prognostic factors of the condition.

OBJECTIVE
To explore the aggressive subtype and investigate prognostic factors of OBLs in the mobile spine.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis of spinal OBL was performed by survival analysis. Patients in 2 cohorts were analyzed based on the Enneking grade and pathological evaluation. Local recurrence-free survival (RFS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method to identify potential prognostic factors. Factors with P ≤ .05 were subjected to multivariate analysis by Cox regression analysis. P ≤ .05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS
Included in this study were 70 patients with spinal OBL who were followed up by a mean of 67.1 mo (range 24-188). Local recurrence was detected in 9 cases after initial surgery, and death occurred in 2 cases. The result of statistical analysis suggested that Epithelioid OBL (EO) with Enneking stage 3 (St.3) and total spondylectomy were independent prognostic factors for RFS.

CONCLUSION
St.3 or EO lesions seem to be more aggressive than St.2 or conventional osteoblastomas, but St.3 and EO should be considered simultaneously in predicting the aggressiveness of the lesion and the risk of recurrence. Total spondylectomy performed either by en bloc or piecemeal could significantly reduce recurrence of OBLs in the mobile spine.
Phenotype and target-based chemical biology investigations in cancers
Authors: Chen Guo-Qiang , Xu Ying , Shen Shao-Ming , Zhang Jian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Chemical biology has been attracting a lot of attention because of the key roles of chemical methods and techniques in helping to decipher and manipulate biological systems. Although chemical biology encompasses a broad field, this review will focus on chemical biology aimed at using exogenous chemical probes to interrogate, modify and manipulate biological processes, at the cellular and organismal levels, in a highly controlled and dynamic manner. In this area, many advances have been achieved for cancer biology and therapeutics, from target identification and validation based on active anticancer compounds (forward approaches) to discoveries of anticancer molecules based on some important targets including protein-protein interaction (reverse approaches). Herein we attempt to summarize some recent progresses mainly from China through applying chemical biology approaches to explore molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Additionally, we also outline several new strategies for chemistry to probe cellular activities such as proximity-dependent labeling methods for identifying protein-protein interactions, genetically encoded sensors, and light activating or repressing gene expression system.
Ceftolozane-Tazobactam for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Gallagher Jason C , Satlin Michael J , Elabor Abdulrahman , Saraiya Nidhi , McCreary Erin K , Molnar Esther , El-Beyrouty Claudine , Jones Bruce M , Dixit Deepali , Heil Emily L , Claeys Kimberly C , Hiles Jon , Vyas Nikunj M , Bland Christopher M , Suh Jin , Biason Kenneth , McCoy Dorothy , King Madeline A , Richards Lynette , Harrington Nicole , Guo Yi , Chaudhry Saira , Lu Xiaoning , Yu Daohai 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections remain common in hospitals worldwide. We investigated the outcomes associated with the use of ceftolozane-tazobactam for the treatment of these infections.

Methods
Data were collected retrospectively from 20 hospitals across the United States about adults who received ceftolozane-tazobactam for the treatment of multidrug-resistant P aeruginosa infections of any source for at least 24 hours. The primary outcome was a composite of 30-day and inpatient mortality, and secondary outcomes were clinical success and microbiological cure. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with outcomes.

Results
Two-hundred five patients were included in the study. Severe illness and high degrees of comorbidity were common, with median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores of 19 (interquartile range [IQR], 11–24) and median Charlson Comorbidity Indexes of 4 (IQR, 3–6). Delayed initiation of ceftolozane-tazobactam was common with therapy started a median of 9 days after culture collection. Fifty-nine percent of patients had pneumonia. On susceptibility testing, 125 of 139 (89.9%) isolates were susceptible to ceftolozane-tazobactam. Mortality occurred in 39 patients (19%); clinical success and microbiological cure were 151 (73.7%) and 145 (70.7%), respectively. On multivariable regression analysis, starting ceftolozane-tazobactam within 4 days of culture collection was associated with survival (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.14–14.40), clinical success (adjusted OR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.40–6.10), and microbiological cure (adjusted OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.24–5.38).

Conclusions
Ceftolozane-tazobactam appeared to be effective in the treatment of multidrug-resistant P aeruginosa infections, particularly when initiated early after the onset of infection.
Cyber-Routines, Political Attitudes, and Exposure to Violence-Advocating Online Extremism
Authors: Hawdon James , Bernatzky Colin , Costello Matthew 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Internet’s relatively unfettered transmission of information risks exposing individuals to extremist content. Using online survey data (N = 768) of American youth and young adults, we examine factors that bring individuals into contact with online material advocating violence. Combining aspects of social structure-social learning theory with insights from routine activity theory, we find that exposure to violence-advocating materials is positively correlated with online behaviors, including the use of social media platforms and the virtual spaces individuals frequent. Target antagonism is also correlated with exposure to violence-advocating materials, but guardianship and online and offline associations are not. Finally, feelings of dissatisfaction with major social institutions and economic disengagement are associated with exposure to violent materials online.
Evaluation of the association between hyperuricemia and coronary artery disease
Authors: Lan Ming , Liu Bing , He Qing 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the independent contribution of hyperuricemia to coronary artery disease (CAD) confirmed by coronary angiography (CAG), and to explore associations between serum uric acid (SUA) level and CAD.
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 5069 patients who underwent CAG. Patients were divided into groups: hyperuricemia (n = 1178) versus nonhyperuricemia (n = 3891) and CAD (n = 3433) versus non-CAD (n = 1636).
The incidence of CAD was higher in the hyperuricemia group than in the nonhyperuricemia group (71.5% vs 66.6%, P = .002). Hyperuricemia and CAD were significantly correlated in women (odds ratio = 1.509, 95% confidence interval, 1.106–2.057, P = .009). And there were trends, higher SUA quartiles were associated with higher percentage of CAD (62.3%, 68.0%, 68.9%, and 71.7% for quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, P < .001), and the incidence of 3-vessel disease increased (25.2%, 26.4%, 27.2%, and 31.1% for quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, P = .001) and that of normal vessel decreased (37.7%, 32.0%, 31.1%, and 28.3% for quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, P < .001) across quartiles, these trends were found in female group, but not in male group. The SUA level significantly increased as the number of diseased vessels increased (P < .001).
There was an independent correlation between hyperuricemia and CAD in women. A higher SUA level was associated with a higher incidence of 3-vessel disease in women.
Double filtration plasmapheresis in treatment of acute pancreatitis associated with severe hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Huang Shih-Ping , Toh Ding-Ek , Sue Yuh-Mou , Chen Tso-Hsiao , Cheng Sheng-Wei , Cheng Chung-Yi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Severe hypertriglyceridemia is the 3rd-leading cause of acute pancreatitis. Current treatment option for hypertriglyceridemia associated with acute pancreatitis is mainly supportive measures, including adequate fluid supply, pain management, and broad-spectrum antibiotics if necessary. Extracorporeal method by mean of plasmapheresis is effective in reducing serum level of triglyceride. It has been proposed to have therapeutic potential in limited small sample studies.

Patient concerns:
A retrospective review of therapeutic effect of double filtration plasmapheresis in treating hypertriglyceridemia associated with acute pancreatitis was conducted by enlisting 3 patients who meet the criteria for the present study.

Diagnoses:
Three patients met the criteria for hypertriglyceridemia (serum level >800 mg/dL) associated with acute pancreatitis (either with elevated serum level of lipase and/or amylase and/or with computed tomography evidence of acute pancreatitis).

Interventions:
Patients received double filtration plasmapheresis.

Outcomes:
We found that an effective reduction of triglyceride was achieved on an average of 84.7% as a result of a single session of plasmapheresis. All 3 of our patients survived, but needed extended hospitalization.

Lessons:
A substantial clinical trial is required to further assess the effectiveness of plasmapheresis in managing of acute pancreatitis in the setting of hypertriglyceridemia.
Safety of Qigong
Authors: Guo Yu , Xu Mingmin M. , Huang Yuchang , Ji Meiqi , Wei Zeren , Zhang Jialei , Hu Qingchuan , Yan Jian , Chen Yue , Lyu Jiaxuan , Shao Xiaoqian , Wang Ying , Guo Jiamei , Wei Yulong 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background:
Qigong, as one of the essential elements of Traditional Chinese exercises, has been used to improve physical and psychological health and combat diseases in China for thousands of years. In recent years, the beneficial effects of Qigong on different medical conditions are becoming more accepted by both patients and health care providers. Although it is a common impression that Qigong and related therapies are generally safe procedures, but the current understanding of its adverse events is fragmented. Thus, we conducted this overview to synthesize comprehensively existing systematic reviews on adverse events associated with Qigong and related therapies, and our findings can be used to informing clinicians, Qigong practitioner, and patients alike on applying such treatments or interventions in clinical treatment and daily life training mindful manner, and provide a guideline for researchers in future.

Methods:
A systematic review of reviews will be performed. A literature search strategy designed by a number of specialists in the fields of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), sports medicine, health information, and Qigong training will be carried out in relevant English and Chinese electronic database. The date range of search will start from inception to the search date. Two reviewers will identify relevant studies, extract data information, and then assess the methodical quality by Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool. Any types of systematic review that summarized adverse effects related to Qigong and related therapies in human will be included. Any safety-related outcomes will be considered as the primary outcomes of this overview. Where objectives from 2 or more reviews overlap, we will assess the causes of any noted discrepancies between reviews. An overall summary of results will be performed using tabular and graphical approaches and will be supplemented by narrative description.

Results:
This overview will identify any adverse events associated with nonstandardized Qigong and related therapies procedures based on current relevant literature evidence of safety for Qigong.

Conclusion:
Our overview will provide evidence to help synthesize the broad degree of information available on furthering the knowledge, safety, and application of Qigong.

Ethics and dissemination:
Formal ethical approval is not required, as this study is an overview based on the published systematic reviews. The result of this overview of systematic reviews will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at national and international conferences.

PROSPERO registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42018109409
Clinical results for combination of fibrin glue and nasal margin suture fixation for attaching conjunctival autografts after pterygium excision in Chinese pterygium patients
Authors: Huang Xiaodan , Zhu Binbin , Lin Lin , Jin Xiuming 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study was designed to compare postoperative complications and postoperative discomfort when using glue combined with nasal margin suture fixation versus fibrin glue or sutures alone to attach conjunctival autografts among Chinese patients during pterygium excisions.
We analyzed the medical records of 150 eyes of 150 patients with primary pterygium, in which the autografts were secured by 3 different methods after pterygium excision: 50 eyes were secured with fibrin glue, 50 eyes were secured with glue + nasal sutures, and 50 eyes were secured with sutures. The more than 6 months of follow-up observation data included postoperative complications (graft loss/displacement, dehiscence, proliferative granuloma, inflammation, and hemorrhage), recurrence, and postoperative discomfort. A logistic regression procedure was conducted to evaluate the relationship between graft complications and the pterygium grade.
Graft loss/displacement occurred in 3 patients (6%) in the glue group. Graft dehiscence occurred in 8 patients (16%) in the glue group (P < .001), with 2 developing into proliferative granuloma, compared with none in the glue + nasal sutures group and the sutures group at the 3-month postoperative follow-up. Pterygium recurrence occurred in 1 patient (2.2%) in the glue group and 2 patients (4.4%) in the sutures group, compared with none in the glue + nasal sutures group at the 6 to 9 month postoperative follow-up (P = .315). There were fewer postoperative symptoms (pain, foreign body sensation, and tearing) at days 1 and 7 in the fibrin glue and glue + nasal sutures groups than in the sutures group (P < .01). The pterygium grade was a significant risk factor for graft complications (Odd ratio, OR: 5.98, Confidence interval, CI: 1.193–29.992, P = .03) in the glue group.
The modified conjunctival autograft fixation with glue + sutures on the nasal margin resulted in more stable grafts and less graft-associated complications. There was a low level of postoperative patient discomfort in the glue + sutures group. A higher grade of pterygium led to an increased rate of complications in the glue group.
Multislice spiral computed tomography signs of invasion of the renal capsule by renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yanman , Tian Hao , Zhang Siqi , Zhang Qing , Wu Xianhua 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Capsular invasion is frequently detected in localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) specimens and is associated with a poor prognosis, but the pretreatment imaging features are poorly known. This study aimed to explore the positions and margin types of RCC and various computed tomography (CT) signs, as well as the correlations with the presence/absence of RCC invasion of the renal capsule.
This was a retrospective study of 158 consecutive patients treated for pathologically confirmed RCC between January 2013 and December 2016 at the Nantong University Affiliated Hospital. The patients were divided into the capsule invasion and noninvasion groups. The CT signs were analyzed (position type, margin type, and CT findings in the perirenal fat).
There were 92 (58.2%) men and 66 (41.8%) women; mean age was 59.1 ± 12.8. Renal capsule invasion was confirmed in 45 cases. There was no difference in the position types between the 2 groups (all P > .05). The smooth margin was more common in the noninvasion group (53.1% vs 15.6%, P < .01). The deep lobulated type and the saw tooth sign were more common in the invasion group (57.8% vs 7.1%; and 40.0% vs 6.2%; both P < .01). The deep lobulated (OR = 2.03, 95%CI: 1.21–3.39, P = .007) and saw tooth (OR = 1.036, 95%CI: 1.008–1.065, P = .011) signs were independently associated with renal capsule invasion.
Smooth tumor margin suggests the absence of renal capsule invasion, while the deep lobulated and the saw tooth signs strongly suggest the presence of renal capsule invasion in patients with RCC.
Large mesenteric hematoma after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for pancreatic stones
Authors: Liu Yu , Hao Lu , Wang Li-Sheng , Wang Teng , Li Zhao-Shen , Hu Liang-Hao , Xu Zheng-Lei 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Mesenteric hematoma after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for pancreatic stones is a very rare complication which has never been reported before.

Presenting concerns:
We reported a case of a 36-year-old male diagnosed as chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic stones and a large pancreatic pseudocyst. He underwent 3 repeated sessions of pancreatic ESWL (P-ESWL). After the last session of P-ESWL, he complained of dizziness. Physical examination revealed a large mass in the right abdomen.

Diagnosis:
Emergent upper abdominal computerized tomography (CT) revealed this mass is a mesenteric hematoma with the size of 8.2 cm × 11.7 cm in the right abdominal cavity after P-ESWL and there was no sign of intestinal obstruction.

Interventions:
With close monitoring of vital signs, the patient received conservative treatment for several days. Dynamic abdominal ultrasound monitoring revealed the mesenteric hematoma had organized.

Outcomes:
Vital signs of the patient were stable after fluid transfusion. Three-month follow-up CT showed the mesenteric hematoma had absorbed completely.

Lessons:
Mesenteric hematoma rarely occurs after P-ESWL and it alerts us the importance of considering uncommon complications after P-ESWL. If mesenteric hematoma occurs after P-ESWL, conservative treatment could be the first choice while surgery can also be considered.
Recurrent thrombosis after carotid endarterectomy secondary to activated protein C resistance and essential thrombocytosis
Authors: Huh In Young , Han Il Sang , Lee Hyung Kwan , Shin Yong Joon , Lee Jae Min 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity in the perioperative period. Although many risk factors are known, activated protein C resistance is a prominent risk for thrombosis. Activated protein C resistance frequently occurs with recurrent thromboembolism.

Patient concerns:
A 59-year-old Korean woman patient with hypertension was admitted due to dysarthria and left side motor weakness.

Diagnosis and interventions:
Magnetic resonance imaging showed subacute cerebral infarction with right frontoparietal lobe and stenosis at the right internal carotid artery. She underwent right carotid endarterectomy under general anesthesia. However, recurrent thrombosis on postoperative day 1 was noted at patient's right carotid artery, which prompted emergency surgery. Additional preoperative laboratory review revealed findings for activated protein C resistance, low protein S activity, antinuclear antibody (>1:160), anti-cardiolipin IgM antibody (16.6), and thrombocytosis, Janus kinase and factor V Leiden mutations. At the intensive care unit, heparin was continually infused until postoperative day 12 and was then switched to warfarin.

Outcomes:
Patient was discharged at postoperative day 21 without any event. Patient had no signs of recurrence within the 3-year follow-up period, and she is still on oral warfarin and clopidogrel.

Lessons:
Screening test for hypercoagulability can be used to identify patients at higher risk of postoperative complications. If hypercoagulability state is confirmed by laboratory testing, a suitable anticoagulant treatment plan should be made within the perioperative period.