bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyridoxine/pyridoxamine 5′‐phosphate oxidase (Sgll/PNPO) is important for DNA integrity and glucose homeostasis maintenance in Drosophila
Authors: Mascolo Elisa , Amoroso Noemi , Saggio Isabella , Merigliano Chiara , Vernì Fiammetta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPyridoxine/pyridoxamine 5′‐phosphate oxidase (PNPO) and pyridoxal kinase (PDXK) cooperate to produce pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6. PDXK phosphorylates pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxal by producing PNP, PMP, and PLP, whereas PNPO oxidizes PNP, PMP, into PLP. We previously demonstrated that PDXK depletion in Drosophila and human cells impacts on glucose metabolism and DNA integrity. Here we characterized sgll, the Drosophila ortholog of PNPO gene, showing that its silencing by RNA interference elicits chromosome aberrations (CABs) in brains and induces diabetic hallmarks such as hyperglycemia and small body size. We showed that in sgllRNAi neuroblasts CABs are largely produced by the genotoxic effect of the advanced glycation end products triggered by high glucose. As in sgllRNAi cells, part of PLP is still produced by PDXK activity, these data suggest that PLP dosage need to be tightly regulated to guarantee glucose homeostasis and DNA integrity.
Influence of a short‐time antioxidant application on the dentin bond strength after intracoronal bleaching
Authors: Karadas Muhammet , Demirbuga Sezer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of an antioxidant application on the compromised bond strength of an adhesive to dentin bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide. The dentin surfaces of the pulp chambers of 70 human third molars were ground, and the specimens were assigned randomly into seven groups, as follows: (a) control (unbleached); (b) bleached for 45 min, bonded immediately; (c) bleached for 45 min, treated with sodium ascorbate (SA) for 2 min, and bonded; (d) bleached for 45 min, bonded after 2 weeks; (e) bleached for 12 days, bonded immediately; (f) bleached for 12 days, treated with SA for 10 min, and bonded; and (g) bleached for 12 days, bonded after 2 weeks. In each group, the multimode adhesive was applied in etch‐and‐rinse and self‐etch modes. The dentin surfaces were covered with a resin‐based composite, and the bonded specimens were sectioned to produce composite–dentin sticks. The sticks were attached to a testing machine and subjected to a tensile force, and the representative specimens were examined via scanning electron microscopy. The bond strength was not affected by the application period of the bleaching agent. Both bleaching treatments significantly reduced the bond strength to the dentin in the self‐etch or etch‐and‐rinse mode when compared with the control group. The bond strengths returned to normal levels with the SA applications or by waiting 2 weeks, regardless of the application period of the bleaching gel. The adhesive revealed a higher bond strength in the etch‐and‐rinse mode than in the self‐etch mode.
Blue light‐emitting diode technology‐operated microscopy is preferable to both short arc mercury lamp‐operated microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy for direct immunofluorescence images evaluation in routinely diagnosing subepidermal autoimmune blistering diseases
Authors: Gornowicz‐Porowska Justyna , Bowszyc‐Dmochowska Monika , Raptis‐Bolwach Maria , Seraszek‐Jaros Agnieszka , Kaczmarek Elżbieta , Dmochowski Marian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDirect immunofluorescence (DIF) microscopy still is the gold standard in diagnosing and differentiating subepidermal autoimmune blistering diseases (SABDs) from other bullous diseases. New optical systems were developed that aim to facilitate DIF images evaluation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of three fluorescence microscopy systems with different light source for routine diagnostics of SABDs with DIF. In total, perilesional tissue samples for DIF from 34 SABD patients were examined under the three commercial microscopy systems (short arc mercury lamp‐operated microscopy—MLM, blue light‐emitting diode technology‐operated microscopy—bLED and laser scanning confocal microscopy—LSCM) for the detection and pattern analysis of IgA, IgG, IgG1, IgG4, C3 immunoreactants along the dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ) by three independent observers simultaneously. MLM, bLED, and LSCM provided comparable quality of disease‐characterizing immunoreactants imaging (number of immunoreactant types detected and patterns of their deposition along DEJ were the same) but screening of slides was quicker using bLED than both LSCM and MLM, as statistical analysis indicated. It is concluded that bLED is an efficient and preferable system for routinely diagnosing SABDs cost‐effectively.Research HighlightsNew optical systems were developed that aim to facilitate direct immunofluorescence evaluation. Here, we evaluate the usefulness of three fluorescence microscopy systems with different light source for routine diagnostics concluding that that bLED is an efficient and preferable system.
The current state of genetic counseling assistants in the United States
Authors: Hnatiuk Morgan J. , Noss Ryan , Mitchell Anna L. , Matthews Anne L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGenetic counseling assistants (GCAs) have the potential to address the high demand for genetic counselors by promoting task‐sharing, increasing genetic counselor efficiency, and allowing for higher level duties to be optimized by genetic counselors. However, little research has been published on the role of GCAs. This study explored current tasks of GCAs in the United States, the appropriateness of those tasks, the perceived impact on the profession, and how these findings compared between genetic counselors with and without GCAs. Full members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) with and without experience working with GCAs were recruited via the NSGC Student Research listserv to complete an online survey and 271 surveys were analyzed. Participants working in both clinical and laboratory settings and in all primary specialties reported working with GCAs (n = 131); GCAs were reported to frequently perform clerical tasks but were involved less often in clinical tasks such as calling patients with genetic test results. There was no difference between participants with GCAs and those without GCAs in tasks they reported GCAs are or may be performing, yet participants without GCAs believed GCAs performed more tasks on average than those with GCAs reported (p < 0.001). Participants did not differ on the appropriateness of tasks, reporting clerical tasks as more appropriate for GCAs than clinically involved tasks, with the exception of calling patients with variant of uncertain significance (VUS) results in which more participants working with GCAs reported it as an appropriate task (13%) than those without GCAs (4%; p < 0.05). Review of open‐ended responses revealed themes pertaining to primary limitations, benefits, and concerns of the GCA role. The most commonly reported concern about GCAs was their poorly defined scope of practice (n = 182). Other reported limitations included a heavy workload, lack of training, and lack of experience for GCAs while the benefits of working with GCAs included increased time available for higher level duties, patient volumes, and efficiency. These data provide genetic counselors, their institutions, and the NSGC with a more generalizable understanding of current GCA roles on a national level, across specialties. Additionally, these data may help establish a scope of practice for GCAs by creating a baseline job description for genetic counselors and their institutions interested in implementing a GCA into their practice to increase patient access to genetic counseling services. It is recommended that further research objectively quantify the value added by GCAs using efficiency metrics and further clarify the role of laboratory GCAs.
Repackaging levothyroxine sodium tablets: storage conditions to maintain stability in a hot and humid environment
Authors: Robertson Sherryl G. , Glass Beverley D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundStorage instructions for repackaging into a dose administration aid (DAA) have been included into the consumer medicines information (CMI) for some brands of levothyroxine sodium tablets. However, these storage conditions specify an ambient temperature of <25°C, which is often not representative of ambient conditions in hot and humid areas of Australia.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical stability of two brands of levothyroxine sodium tablets, Eutroxsig (Aspen Pharma, St Leonards, NSW, Australia) and Eltroxin (Aspen Pharma), when repackaged and stored at 30°C and 75% relative humidity (RH).MethodsThe physicochemical stability of levothyroxine sodium 200 microgram tablets repackaged into DAAs and stored at 30 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% RH for 14 days (Eutroxsig) and 28 days (Eltroxin), and under refrigeration (Eutroxsig) for 28 days, was assessed. Drug content was determined using a validated HPLC method.ResultsThe mean (± SEM) decrease in drug content in repackaged Eutroxsig tablets stored at 30°C and 75% RH for 14 days was 7.0 ± 1.0%, compared with only 2.4 ± 0.8% for Eltroxin tablets stored at 30°C and 75% RH for 28 days. When repackaged Eutroxsig tablets were stored under refrigeration for 28 days, no loss of levothyroxine sodium content was detected.ConclusionThis study clearly indicates the stability of Eltroxin tablets on exposure to hot and humid conditions, and highlights the need for pharmacists to provide information depending on the brand of levothyroxine sodium tablets repackaged.
Colorectal cancer mutations are associated with survival and recurrence after pulmonary metastasectomy
Authors: Corsini Erin M. , Mitchell Kyle G. , Mehran Reza J. , Rice David C. , Sepesi Boris , Walsh Garrett L. , Swisher Stephen G. , Roth Jack A. , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Morris Van K. , Antonoff Mara B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWhile knowledge has grown extensively regarding the impact of mutations on colorectal cancer prognosis, their role in outcomes after pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) remains minimally understood. We sought to determine the prognostic role of mutant disease on survival and recurrence after metastasectomy.MethodsPatients with available tumor sequencing profiles who underwent PM for colorectal cancer at a single institution from 2011 to 2017 were reviewed. Various demographic and clinicopathologic factors, as well as mutational status, were tested in the Cox regression analyses to identify predictors of survival and disease‐free survival (DFS).ResultsA total of 130 patients met inclusion criteria, among whom 78 (60%) were male and the mean age was 57 years. The median survival time and 5‐year survival rate were 58.2 months and 47%, respectively. A single pulmonary nodule was present in 54%. Disease recurrence occurred for 87 (67%) patients, including 75 (58%) who had at least one lung recurrence after metastasectomy at a median time to recurrence of 19.4 months. Upon multivariable analysis, RAS and TP53 mutations were associated with shorter survival DFS, while APC is associated with prolonged survival.ConclusionsAfter metastasectomy for colorectal cancer, mutations in RAS, TP53, and APC play an important role in survival and recurrence.
Living Anionic Polymerization of 4‐Trimethylstannylstyrene
Authors: Takagi Naoto , Higashihara Tomoya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe living anionic polymerization of 4‐trimethylstannylstyrene in tetrahydrofuran at −78 °C, initiated with sec‐butyllithium, is achieved for the first time. Unwanted side reactions, such as the nucleophilic attack of a carbanion to the stannyl group, may be suppressed through the equimolar addition of dibutylmagnesium (Bu2Mg) to the initiator. The suppression of side reactions allows the control of the molecular weight of poly(4‐trimethylstannylstyrene) and maintains low molar‐mass dispersity (ĐM) values of less than 1.1. By increasing the feed ratio of the monomer to the initiator, the molecular weight increases proportionally, indicating a highly controllable polymerization reaction. Controlled syntheses of block and statistical copolymers derived from styrene and 4‐trimethylstannylstyrene are successfully developed due to the similar nucleophilicity of their living chain termini.
Synthesis of Multi‐Functionalized N–Cl Hydantoin Polyurethane for Chemical Warfare Agent Decomposition with High N–Cl Stability
Authors: Bae Kihyeon , Gwak Nohoon , Park Myung Kyu , Lee Bumjae , Lee Kyung Jin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractN‐chlorinated hydantoin thermoplastic polyurethane (N–Cl HD‐TPU) is synthesized via azide–alkyne click reaction of the azido TPU polymers followed by chlorination in order to develop catalytic polymer materials for decomposition of chemical warfare agents. The N–Cl HD‐TPU shows good decomposition efficacy of 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (simulant of mustard gas) over 90% and 60% in the form of porous membrane and fiber, respectively. However, stability of N–Cl moiety is significantly decreased by moisture and UV from environments within 24 h. The several different types of additional moieties such as decyne, polyethylene glycol, and fluorinated alkyl chain are co‐functionalized to HD‐TPU backbone in order to improve N–Cl stability. When decyne moiety is co‐functionalized, the N–Cl HD‐TPU shows enhanced stability under maintaining their decomposition efficiency.
Clickable Zwitterionic Copolymer as a Universal Biofilm‐Resistant Coating
Authors: Sae‐ung Pornpen , Wijitamornloet Arriya , Iwasaki Yasuhiko , Thanyasrisung Panida , Hoven Voravee P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHospital‐acquired infections are often caused by bacterial biofilms on medical devices. To prevent biofilm formation, herein, a universal coating of an antifouling polymer that inhibits the initial adhesion of bacteria is developed. This copolymer is made of methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and a methacrylate‐substituted dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) (poly(MPC‐DHLA)). The MPC units provide the antifouling property, while the DHLA units offer cross‐linkable sites via thiol‐ene reactions to form the stable coated copolymer film. Without the requirement for covalent surface grafting, the poly(MPC‐DHLA) coating on various biomedically relevant substrates is investigated, where X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and ellipsometry are used to confirm the success of the surface coating. Moreover, to mimic an actual clinical use, the copolymer coating is applied on a titanium dental substrate and the ability to inhibit biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus is quantified and visualized by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. As compared with the bare substrate, an effective reduction in bacterial adhesion and suppression of the subsequent biofilm formation is observed on the copolymer‐modified substrate. These features are maintained for up to 7 d indicating the durability as well as universal applicability of this coating approach.
Investigating Fishing Impacts in Nigerian Coastal Waters Using Marine Trophic Index Analyses
Authors: Adebola Tunde , Mutsert Kim 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In Nigerian coastal waters (NCW), fishing has increased steadily over the last seven decades. Artisanal fisheries cover the entire 850-km length of the coast, where over 1 million fishermen exploit estuarine and oceanic resources up to 40 m deep, and approximately 250 industrial trawlers target fish resources in deeper waters beyond the first 9.26 km (5 nautical miles) from shore. We investigated the hypothesis that growth in fishing effort will increase impacts on coastal fish stocks, as reflected by significant reductions in the mean trophic level (MTL) and maximum mean length of the catch and an increase in the fishing-in-balance index. Our analyses are based on a 60-year time series from 1950 to 2010 (obtained from the Sea Around Us Project; www.seaaroundus.org). Results showed that the impacts of fishing in NCW are high. The sustained increases in landings from the 1970s to the 2000s have resulted in less productive coastal fisheries, a reduction in the MTL of the catch (which might mean reduced biodiversity), a reduction of average size in the fisheries, and the need to expand further into deeper waters to maintain catch levels. This research contributes to fisheries ecology by furthering our understanding of coastal fisheries and their impacts on marine biodiversity.
Compact metamaterial inspired structure with bandpass characteristics for penta‐band applications using virtual ground concept
Authors: Choudhary Dilip Kumar , Chaudhary Raghvendra Kumar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA simple and compact metamaterial inspired filter structure for penta‐band bandpass response with minimum insertion loss is proposed in this article. The designed filter structure consists of an S‐shaped ring and two sets of meander line inductors, which provides series and shunt parallel LC circuit utilizing triangular stubs. Triangular stubs are realized as virtual grounds, which give a series combination of inductance and capacitance. A penta‐band bandpass filter operates at 1.06/1.85/2.37/2.78/3.17 GHz with the corresponding 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 56.6%, 22.2%, 11.4%, 9.0%, and 11.6%, respectively. The operating frequencies and transmission zeros can be scaled up and down by varying the physical parameters of the designed structure. The size of the filter is 0.16λg × 0.14λg (19 mm × 17 mm) at the center frequency (1.06 GHz) of the first passband. The metamaterial properties have been verified by its extracted refractive index diagram. The filter performance has been validated through electromagnetic simulation and experimental measurements.
A semianalytical solution for one‐dimensional transient wave propagation in a saturated single‐layer porous medium with a fluid surface layer
Authors: Shan Zhendong , Ling Daosheng , Xie Zhinan , Jing Liping , Li Yongqiang 
Published: July 2019

SummaryOne‐dimensional transient wave propagation in a saturated single‐layer porous medium with a fluid surface layer is studied in this paper. An analytical solution for a special case with a dynamic permeability coefficient kf → ∞ and a semianalytical solution for a general case with an arbitrary dynamic permeability coefficient are presented. The eigenfunction expansion and precise time step integration methods are employed. The solution is presented in series form, and thus, the long‐term dynamic responses of saturated porous media with small permeability coefficients can be easily computed. We first transform the nonhomogeneous boundary conditions into homogeneous boundary conditions, and then we obtain the eigenvalues and orthogonal eigenfunctions of the fluid–solid system. Finally, the solutions in the time domain are developed. As the model is one dimensional, geometric attenuation is absent, and only the attenuation in the saturated porous medium is considered. We can apply this model to analyse the influences of different seabed types on the propagation of acoustic waves in the fluid layer, which is very important in ocean acoustics and ocean seismic. This solution can also be employed to validate the accuracies of various numerical methods.
Urethro‐vaginal reflux during micturition: An underestimated cause of urinary incontinence in adult women
Authors: Motavasseli Damien , Charlanes Audrey , Chesnel Camille , Menoux Diane , Charoenwong Francis , Le Breton Frederique , Jousse Marylène , Amarenco Gérard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate if urethrovaginal reflux (UVR) is an underestimated cause of insensible or postmicturition incontinence in adult women.MethodsAn observational and retrospective study was carried out on the computerized records of a neuro‐urology department. Female patients who had insensible or postmicturition incontinence were investigated. Retrograde and voiding urethrocystography (UCG), urodynamic evaluation, urethral pressure profilometry, and anamnestic and clinical examination had to be available.ResultsAmong the 79 adult female patients with insensible or postmicturition incontinence in whom the whole set of required evaluations was achieved, 16 had a UVR (mean age 47 ± 15 years). There were no urethral diverticula, urethrocele, vesicovaginal, or urethrovaginal fistula on their UCG. All of them also had a cystoscopy and a CT urography which did not establish any abnormality.ConclusionsUVR is not an exclusive pathology of children. This mechanism seems to be an underestimated cause of urinary incontinence in adult women. Retrograde and voiding UCG appears to be the gold standard to confirm the intravaginal reflux.
Periapical lesions in hominids: Abscesses on the maxilla of a 2 million‐year‐old early Homo specimen
Authors: Towle Ian , Irish Joel D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeriapical lesions can develop after exposure of a tooth's pulp chamber and are commonly associated with heavy crown wear, trauma, or caries. In this study, maxilla and mandible fragments from the South African fossil hominin collections were studied, including specimens assigned to Homo naledi, Paranthropus robustus, Australopithecus africanus, and early Homo. Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and Homo sapiens were also studied for comparative purposes. Only one fossil hominin specimen displayed voids consistent with periapical lesions. The specimen, SK 847, is described as early Homo and has been dated to 2.3–1.65 Ma. There is one definite periapical lesion and likely more with post‐mortem damage, all on the anterior aspect of the maxilla and associated with the incisors. The lesions originate from the apices of the incisor roots and are therefore unlikely to represent a systemic disease such as multiple myeloma. The one well‐preserved lesion was likely an abscess rather than a cyst or granuloma, with a rounded thickened rim around the lesion. These lesions in an early Homo specimen highlight that this individual used their anterior dentition extensively, to the point that the pulp chambers were exposed on multiple teeth. This is one of the earliest hominin examples of periapical lesions and shows that this individual was able to cope with potentially several concurrent abscesses, clearly surviving for an extended period. Periapical lesions are relatively common in the great ape (P. troglodytes: 1.99%; G. gorilla gorilla: 1.86%) and human samples (2.50%) but absent in large samples of P. robustus and A. africanus (n = 0/373 teeth). Therefore, this finding adds additional information to the history of dental pathology in our genus and also suggests that other hominin genera may have been less susceptible to dental abscesses, potentially relating to dietary or behavioural differences.