bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age determination in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) using spur sheath and spur developmental stages: a review
Authors: Grant Tom , Serena Melody , Williams Geoff A. , Temple-Smith Peter 
Published: November 2024

Reliable techniques and criteria for identifying sex and age class are important to understand the population biology of species in the course of wildlife research and monitoring. In platypuses, males have a keratinous spur on the inner surface of the ankle on each hind leg that undergoes characteristic age-related morphological changes within the first 3 years of life. Females, in contrast, do not develop a spur but instead develop a vestigial spur sheath that is lost toward the end of their first year. Spur developmental stages can be used to assign male platypuses to three age categories: ‘juveniles’ (≤12 months old), ‘sub-adults’ (13–24 months old) and ‘adults’ (>2 years of age), which are capable of breeding. Male spurs grow from a mean length of 12.4 (±0.5) mm after emergence from the nesting burrow to 18.6 (±0.6) mm by the end of the first year of life in Victoria. Platypus age categories have at times been inaccurately assigned. Here, we present an annotated pictorial guide of these age categories, suitable for use by wildlife rescuers and researchers in a field setting, and in veterinary surgeries, to facilitate accurate identification by those not familiar with this aspect of platypus biology.
Design characteristics of integrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance at the human, animal, and environment interfaces
Authors: Hau Erda Eni Rame , Sly Peter D. , Mikkelsen Deirdre , Taneja Neelam , Penjor Kinley , Ryu Sukhyun , Donner Erica , Mollinger Joanne , Ferreira Jorge Pinto , Schipp Mark , Soares Magalhaes Ricardo J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Efforts have been made to strengthen national and global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programs by integrating data collection across the human, animal, and environmental sectors. We searched the literature to review published studies reporting the implementation of integrated AMR surveillance approaches, and we identified a total of 96 articles from 36 countries published from 2000 to 2022, which met our inclusion criteria. Standard review protocols were applied in our study. Out of 96 studies, 47 (49%) articles integrated AMR analysis from human and animal (HA) populations, 24 (25%) considered human, animal, and environmental (HAE) samples together, 11 (12%) studies included animal and environment (AE) samples, and 12 (13%) integrated human and environmental (HE) surveillance. Human isolate-based and animal isolate-based surveillance were the most common study designs (38, 52.8%), with the remainder applying human case-based and isolate-based for animal populations (32, 44.4%). Finally, our results demonstrate that AMR studies on
E. coli
revealed a lower correlation between human and animal AMR prevalence compared to
Salmonella
spp. and
Campylobacter
spp. studies. Different aspects of surveillance design were associated with the level of correlation of AMR prevalence between sectors. Our study found that while global efforts for integrated AMR surveillance have increased in the past 10 years, significant variation exists between studies with regard to the epidemiological and laboratory aspects of their surveillance designs. Our findings indicate that to enable the generation of comparable epidemiological data across countries and sectors, there is a need for the development of a global protocol to support the design of surveillance programs that aim to conduct integrated surveillance of AMR.
Soil biodiversity and microbial antagonism for suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes
Authors: Colagiero Mariantonietta , Pentimone Isabella , Rosso Laura , Ciancio Aurelio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) cause significant economic losses in agriculture and the use of nematicides is the most common management practice applied today. However, due to the impact of such chemicals, more sustainable methods are needed. Current trends consider the exploitation of indigenous soil microbial communities. In this review we discuss some concepts required for the conservation and management of soil microorganisms, considered as a fundamental natural resource. Co-evolution and co-speciation are basic evolutionary processes of soil taxa involved in soil ecosystem services such as nematode regulation. The microorganisms showing a host-parasite co-evolution hold potential for the insurgence or re-construction of a natural equilibrium in soil, aiming at nematode regulation. The impact on soil microbial diversity of farming intensification and PPN management through nematicides is also discussed. Some examples of soil microbial resources and their impact including antagonists like nematophagous fungi (NF), aquatic parasites and bacteria are also briefly reviewed.
Structural robustness and optimization of leader-follower coherence in star-coupled networks
Authors: Zhang Qing , Li Gaoxuan , Sun Weigang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the structural robustness and optimization of leader-follower coherence, quantified by the eigenvalues of the grounded Laplacian matrix, which measures the deviation between leaders and followers. To examine the impacts of network couplings and leader assignments on coherence, we select star-coupled networks as base models and introduce three types of coupling forms. By utilizing regular network structures, we derive analytical expressions for leader-follower coherence with respect to network parameters and evaluate the performance of coherence under various leader assignments. In addition, for achieving the lowest coherence in a network connected by a path graph, we propose an optimization algorithm that involves adding edges among the followers to enhance coherence.
Three-state p-SOS models on binary Cayley trees
Authors: Jahnel B , Rozikov U 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We consider a version of the solid-on-solid model on the Cayley tree of order two in which vertices carry spins of value

0
,
1

or 2 and the pairwise interaction of neighboring vertices is given by their spin difference to the power p > 0. We exhibit all translation-invariant splitting Gibbs measures (TISGMs) of the model and demonstrate the existence of up to seven such measures, depending on the parameters. We further establish general conditions for extremality and non-extremality of TISGMs in the set of all Gibbs measures and use them to examine selected TISGMs for a small and a large p. Notably, our analysis reveals that extremality properties are similar for large p compared to the case p = 1, a case that has been explored already in previous work. However, for the small p, certain measures that were consistently non-extremal for p = 1 do exhibit transitions between extremality and non-extremality.
1

/

f

noise in semiconductors arising from the heterogeneous detrapping process of individual charge carriers
Authors: Kononovicius Aleksejus , Kaulakys Bronislovas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We propose a model of

1

/

f

noise in semiconductors based on the drift of individual charge carriers and their interaction with the trapping centers. We assume that the trapping centers are homogeneously distributed in the material. The trapping centers are assumed to be heterogeneous and have unique detrapping rates. We show that uniform detrapping rate distribution emerges as a natural consequence of the vacant trap depths following the Boltzmann distribution, and the detrapping process obeying Arrhenius law. When these laws apply, and if the trapping rate is low in comparison to the maximum detrapping rate,

1

/

f

noise in the form of Hooge’s relation is recovered. Hooge’s parameter, α
H, is shown to be a ratio between the characteristic trapping rate and the maximum detrapping rate. The proposed model implies that

1

/

f

noise arises from the temporal charge carrier number fluctuations, not from the spatial mobility fluctuations.
Study on Corrosion Damage Behavior of 300M Ultra-high Strength Steel in Marine Atmospheric Environment
Authors: Liu Jun , Luo Laizheng , Feng Lijun , He Yupeng , Wu Shuai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The marine atmospheric environment exposure test of 300M ultra-high strength steel was carried out at Hainan test station. The corrosion damage behavior of 300M ultra-high strength steel in marine atmospheric environment was studied by macroscopic and microscopic corrosion morphology, tensile properties and stress corrosion. The results show that the comprehensive corrosion behavior of 300M ultra-high strength steel occurred in the marine atmospheric environment. The color of the corrosion products changed from red to reddish brown, dark brown and black, and the maximum corrosion depth in the three years was 400μm. The corrosion had a significant effect on the tensile properties during the test. The tensile strength and elongation of 300M ultra-high strength steel decreased by 13.3 % and 81.8 %, respectively, which indicated that the effect of corrosion on the plasticity of the material was much greater than that on the tensile strength. Corrosion also caused a decrease in fracture toughness, and the fracture toughness of 300M ultra-high strength steel decreased by 26% in 2 years. The results of stress corrosion show that the crack propagation of 300M ultra-high strength steel is very rapid in the initial stage of marine atmospheric environment test, and the crack propagation length reaches 10.836mm in 7 days. The stress corrosion threshold KISCC of 300M ultra-high strength steel is 24.48MPa•m1/2, and the relative index of stress corrosion cracking sensitivity is 0.31, which indicates that 300M ultra-high strength steel is very sensitive to stress corrosion in marine atmospheric environment. The results show that 300M ultra-high strength steel has poor adaptability to the marine environment. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt excellent surface treatment process and spray aging resistant coating to effectively protect 300M ultra-high strength steel to ensure its long-term reliable use in the marine environment.
Bending Failure Behavior of Thin-walled Composite Tube Structures
Authors: Fang Zhigang , Yin Wenchang , Cao Jingyi , Xia Chenxi , Wang Zhanbin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The bending failure, failure load and failure mode of thin-walled circular tubes made of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites were investigated by experiments and numerical simulation. Three typical failure modes of circular tubes under bending load were observed in experiments, and the characteristics and mechanisms of different failure modes were analyzed. The results show that interlaminar shear induces the generation and propagation of microcracks at the interface of circular tubes, which accelerates the failure of circular tubes. In the bending failure process, because the interlayer performance of the round pipe is relatively low, it is the weak link of the structure, and the pipe wall is the first to produce interlayer delamination and splitting failure under the action of shear stress, resulting in structural instability and premature fracture failure. The lay-up and initial defects of thin-walled round pipe have great influence on the bending failure mode and failure load.
Analysis and Calculation of Cross-contact Force between Strands of Multi-layer Conductor
Authors: Qin Jian , Wang Fei , Qiao Liang , Liu Chen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As a key component of the transmission line, the inter-layer cross-contact force of the internal strand is an important factor affecting the mechanical properties of the conductor. In this paper, the cross-contact characteristics between the strands of multi-layer conductors are analyzed. According to the relationship between the contact force and the contact distance between the strands, the finite element simulation of different material strands of different conductors at different cross angles is carried out. Through the analysis, it can be seen that the cross angle between the strands and the material of the strands have a significant impact on the contact force. Then, based on the existing Hertz contact theory model, the relationship between the contact force and the contact distance between the strands is modified, and the contact force and contact distance models suitable for different cross angles of the conductor strands are obtained, that is, the modified Hertz contact model. According to the simulation results, combined with the modified Hertz contact model, the contact force coefficient between the strands is fitted, and the calculation formula of contact force and contact displacement is proposed. The formula can be applied to the calculation of contact force at any intersection angle between strands. The calculation formula provides theoretical support for the accurate structural calculation of the conductor, which is helpful to the analysis and calculation of the contact friction between the strands.
Measurement of natural radiation levels in some soil samples from the ancient city of Borsippa in Babylon Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Ibrahim Hassooni Mohammed , Hussein Ibrahem Salar , Hussein Oleiwi Mohanad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the present study, the activity concentration of natural radionuclides was determined for 40K, 232Th, and 238U. Some samples of soil from the ancient city of Borsippa in Babylon Governorate. The detector sodium iodide activated by Thallium NaI (Tl) has been used to perform the radioactivity measurements. 15 samples had their natural radioactivity levels assessed. 40K, 232Th, and 238U had average specific activities of (167.86±1.19, 25.15±1.09, and 11.75±0.457) Bq/kg. The average radium equivalent (61.17±2.10) Bq/kg. Average internal and external risk factors were (0.15±0.00007, and 0.19±0.00027), As for the average value of the index of representative levels (Iᵧ) was (0.44±0.018) The average absorbed dose level in (nGy/h) (28.19±1.18). The results of this study were within the internationally permissible limits, according to the report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation.
Market restructuring of agribusiness in Russia as a trigger for rapid economic growth
Authors: Moroz O N , Medvedsky D A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the period of political tension and instability of the international economic system, the agricultural sector of Russia continues to demonstrate progressive growth and is characterized by a favorable investment climate. In many respects, this circumstance in modern conditions is facilitated by scientific research and development of an innovative and technological nature, stimulating the accelerated development of domestic agriculture, due to which there is a favorable impact on the growth of the competitive component of the industry. Modern Russian agribusiness is one of the most intensive and highly promising points for the integration of digital innovations. For the steady growth of this sphere, it is essential to provide it with high-quality material, technical, infrastructural and innovative resources for its functioning. The studied sphere of economic activity of the country conservatively includes the primary function of ensuring national food security and independence, as a result of which the state actively attaches great importance due to the influence of a set of certain factors that make agriculture unstable and extremely vulnerable. The main goal of the digital modernization of agribusiness in Russia is to provide agricultural producers with state-of-the-art technologies, as well as to digitalize management, marketing and sales activities. The digital transformation of the agricultural sector should be carried out on a comprehensive, targeted and systematic basis based on target indicators and indicators, as well as be directed to core and secondary areas of the sphere. The integration of digital innovations into agribusiness in Russia will contribute to the active and breakthrough development of not only the agro-industrial complex, but also related industries.
Trends in the development of organic production in Europe
Authors: Khoruzhy L I , Kirillova S S , Kagirova M V , Romantseva Yu N 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals direct the activities of all sectors of the economy to preserve the environment and minimize the negative consequences of anthropogenic activities. The agro-industrial complex is a major source of pollution of soil, water, air and the entire biosphere in general, and therefore significant changes have been taking place in agriculture over the last 20 years, both in the methods of its organization and in the directions of development. Europe was chosen as the object of analysis for the study, since it is here that almost all countries use organic technologies in the agricultural sector, the area of organic land, the number of organic producers, the volume of produced, exported and imported organic products, and their consumption increase every year. As part of the work, countries are grouped (by calculating a multidimensional average from a number of indicators) according to the level of development of organic agriculture, and the reasons for the differences are established; based on the method of correlation and regression analysis, the relationship between the demand for organic products and the level of average income in the country was identified and described; the structure of exports and imports of organic products was studied; the pace of development of the production of organic products was determined according to key characteristics, the main projects adopted in the field of crop production were considered in order to increase the volume of production of organic products. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the pace and directions of development of organic agriculture in the European Union.
Problems of information support for the implementation of the state program for the involvement of unused agricultural land in economic turnover and ways to solve them
Authors: Papaskiri T V , Lipski S A , Fatkulina A V 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The article examines how the process of identifying unused agricultural land and their involvement in economic turnover is interconnected with the maintenance of the state register of agricultural lands, which began in 2022. It is noted that the coincidence in time of these processes not only made it possible to identify a number of long-overdue problems, but also became the best option for solving them, including through digitalization and the use of artificial intelligence.
Positive properties of a biological preparation based on the consortium genus bacillus
Authors: Timofeev Vyacheslav 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An experiment to study the use of a biological preparation was carried out on spring wheat in plot experiments in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe. A fungicidal seed protectant, a bacterial preparation BP (Bacillus simplex / B. Megaterium consortium, secondary metabolites, titer 108 Coe/ml), Biocoal were studied. When treating seeds, plant development was 7 days higher than control when using BP at a rate of 2.5 l/t, where an increase in sprout length by 1.25 cm was noted. When applying the drug to day-old seedlings, the use of BP variants in pure form and with biochar at a rate of 5.0 l/t had a greater effect with an increase in the length of the sprout by 3.2-4.2 cm, a decrease in the population of pathogenic fungi in seeds at the level of 60%, stimulating effect on root length by 1.7 cm, sprout length by 1.5 cm and germination by 6-8%. The use of a bacterial preparation during seed treatment did not affect the reduction of crop root disease. Measuring plant development parameters in the tillering phase, BP with a rate of 1.5 l/t had a greater effect on the length of the upper leaf, exceeding the control by 1-2 cm. The development of morphometric parameters of the flag leaf in the filling phase - milky ripeness had a leaf length of 18-23 cm with a width of 1.0-1.2 cm, with an increase at BP rates of 2.5-5.0 l/t. For seed treatment options, the impact at this stage is minimal or absent. Taking into account biometric indicators of the mass of formed plant organs showed an excess of indicators for BP options in pure form and with biochar at a rate of 5.0 l/t when treating seeds and using them during the growing season. Structural analysis of the ear determined a significant excess of the results of the preparations used during the growing season; the weight of 1000 grains was higher by 2-3 g when the seeds were treated with a chemical disinfectant and using BP at rates of 2.5-5.0 l/t. The crop yield increased by 0.1 t/ha in variants with a rate of bacterial preparation BP of 2.5-5.0 l/t in its pure form.
Proof of the Ballantine-Merca Conjecture and theta function identities modulo 2
Authors: Hong Letong , Zhang Shengtong 
Published: November 2024

For positive integers

m
m

we consider the theta functions

f
m

(
z
)
≔

∑

m
k
+
1

s
q
u
a
r
e

q
k

f_m(z)≔\sum _{mk+1\mathrm {square}}q^k

. Due to classical identities of Jacobi, it is known that

f
4

≡

f
6

f

12

(
mod

2
)
.

\begin{equation*} f_4\equiv f_6f_{12}\pmod 2. \end{equation*}

Here we prove that the only triples

(
a
,
b
,
c
)

(a,b,c)

for which

f
a

≡

f
b

f
c

(
mod

2
)

f_a\equiv f_bf_c\pmod 2

are of the form

(
2
q
,
4
q
,
4
q
)

(2q,4q,4q)

or

(
4
q
,
4
q
,
8
q
)

(4q,4q,8q)

, where

q
q

is any positive odd number, or belong to the following finite list

{

a
m
p
;
(
4
,
6
,
12
)
,
(
6
,
8
,
24
)
,
(
8
,
12
,
24
)
,
(
10
,
12
,
60
)
,

a
m
p
;
(
15
,
24
,
40
)
,
(
16
,
24
,
48
)
,
(
20
,
24
,
120
)
,
(
21
,
24
,
168
)
}
.

\begin{align*} \{&(4,6,12),(6,8,24),(8,12,24),(10,12,60), \\ &(15,24,40),(16,24,48),(20,24,120),(21,24,168)\}. \end{align*}

The result is inspired by the Ballantine-Merca Conjecture on recurrence relations for the parity of the partition function

p
(
n
)

p(n)

, which we also prove here.
scDTL: enhancing single-cell RNA-seq imputation through deep transfer learning with bulk cell information
Authors: Zhao Liuyang , Jiang Landu , Xie Yufeng , Huang JianHao , Xie Haoran , Tian Jun , Zhang Dian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The increasing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data enable researchers to explore cellular heterogeneity and gene expression profiles, offering a high-resolution view of the transcriptome at the single-cell level. However, the dropout events, which are often present in scRNA-seq data, remaining challenges for downstream analysis. Although a number of studies have been developed to recover single-cell expression profiles, their performance may be hindered due to not fully exploring the inherent relations between genes. To address the issue, we propose scDTL, a deep transfer learning based approach for scRNA-seq data imputation by harnessing the bulk RNA-sequencing information. We firstly employ a denoising autoencoder trained on bulk RNA-seq data as the initial imputation model, and then leverage a domain adaptation framework that transfers the knowledge learned by the bulk imputation model to scRNA-seq learning task. In addition, scDTL employs a parallel operation with a 1D U-Net denoising model to provide gene representations of varying granularity, capturing both coarse and fine features of the scRNA-seq data. Finally, we utilize a cross-channel attention mechanism to fuse the features learned from the transferred bulk imputation model and U-Net model. In the evaluation, we conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate that scDTL could outperform other state-of-the-art methods in the quantitative comparison and downstream analyses.