bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shaping Teat Suction Forces of Liners with Varied Structure of Rubber Core
Authors: Wiercioch Marian , Luberański Adam , Lejman Krzysztof , Fugol Małgorzata , Prask Hubert 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A liner is the only part of the milking unit which has a direct contact with a cow’s teat. It ensures a correct circulation of body liquids in a teat with its suitable massage and creates conditions for a teat to open and milk to flow out and maintains a milking cup on a teat. The result of the last task is generation of a suction force that sucks a teat into a liner. During milking, when a cup is placed on a teat, counter forces are generated that try to remove a liner from a teat and forces that cause that a teat moves up to a liner producing a phenomenon of “a climbing cup”. Forces that tend to separate a teat from a liner depend on the mass of a milking cup set and the value of the friction force. A counter force that tends to suck a teat into a liner is proportional to the level of negative pressure in a liner and the surface of cross-section of a teat that is subjected to negative pressure. We should also assume that also the structure of a liner will influence this force. The paper presents results of the laboratory tests on the impact of the shape of the cross-section of a rubber core and construction solutions of liners on the vacuum force of a liner when a teat is sucked into a teat chamber. Eight liners, popular in milking machines used in our country were used in the tests. Various penetrations of a teat (50, 62, 75 and 100 mm), working pressure (25-55 kPa) and a working stage of the milking cup were additional variables. In order to determine whether and what is the degree of the impact of variability sources on shaping the suction forces of a liner, a static processing of results was carried out using a multi-variance analysis. It was proved that at the significance level of α=0.05, the source of variability assumed in the experiment in the form of the liner shape, negative pressure and penetration affected the analysed sizes, i.e. Average values of suction forces in the suction phase (Fws) and massage phase (Fwm). The investigation of the impact of the rubber core part on the determined values of the suction force in the function of variable negative pressure proved that at teat penetration of 50 and 62 mm (the most popular lengths of teats in milked cows), the lowest suction force was observed in case of a liner with a triangular cross-section, slightly bigger with a square cross-section and the highest suction force is generated by round and oval liners.
The Dystopian Near-Future in Contemporary British Drama
Authors: Reid Trish 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the theme of fear and anxiety in contemporary drama and performance through a consideration of the trope of the dystopian near-future as it has re-occurred in a significant number of recent British plays. It takes as its starting point the contention that the prevalence and persistence of this motif makes it worthy of investigation. The plays under discussion do not re-inscribe socio-political problems, or the status quo, by pretending to be objective records of the real world. Instead they create alternative fictional near-future worlds, exploratory dystopias that deliberately perform anxiety-inducing and estranging critical interrogations of current cultural and political concerns. Drawing on the work of Raymond Williams this essay seeks to show that the critical and emotional insights offered by these play-worlds are made possible only through the process of our pondering their strangeness. Each example stages its own particular disruption of theatrical realism and in so doing engages critically both with the British realist theatrical tradition, and also with the wider cultural discourses about ‘truth’ and ‘reality’ that haunt our contemporary neoliberal moment and the emotions these discourses produce.
Time and Metaphysics: Kant and McTaggart on the Reality of Time
Authors: Rukgaber Matthew 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The paper examines Kant’s theory of time in light of McTaggart’s argument that time is unreal. First, it presents McTaggart’s theory of time and his argument that a contradiction inevitably emerges in time’s analysis, leading either to an infinite regress of times or the denial that time is real. The paper then shows that Kant rejects the absolute notion of time, the idea that there are eternal coordinates that are experienced by us as being in time. It argues against subjectivist or psychological interpretations of Kant’s theory of time. The main argument is that Kant’s notion of a priori intuition, rather than being the flow of mental states in consciousness, is the subject’s self-intuition as being temporally present, and, moreover, that the present acts as a temporal metric, specifying a first-person perspective in the world and designating a temporal simple.
Die monoklinen Seltenerdmetall(III)-Chlorid-Oxidoarsenate(III) mit der Zusammensetzung SE
5Cl3[AsO3]4 (SE=La–Nd, Sm)
Authors: Goerigk Felix C. , Schander Svetlana , Hamida Makram Ben , Kang Dong-Hee , Ledderboge Florian , Wickleder Mathias S. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The rare earth metal(III) chloride oxidoarsenates(III) with the composition RE
5Cl3[AsO3]4 (RE = La–Nd, Sm) could be synthesized via solid-state methods through the reaction of arsenic sesquioxide (As2O3) with the corresponding rare earth metal compounds (La2O3, CeO2 + metallic Ce, Pr6O11, Nd2O3 or metallic Sm) using several chloride-containing fluxing agents in evacuated silica glass ampoules. The compounds build up non-isotypic crystal structures in the monoclinic space groups C2/c for RE = La–Pr, and P2/c for RE = Nd and Sm. All rare earth metal(III) cations exhibit coordination numbers of eight. While (RE1)3+ and (RE2)3+ are only surrounded by oxygen atoms in the form of distorted square antiprisms or prisms, (RE3)3+ is coordinated square antiprismatically by four oxygen atoms and four chloride anions. Although the coordination polyhedra in both structures differ only marginally, their connection patterns show more pronounced differences. This regards especially the (RE)3+ cations and results from different site symmetries of the (Cl1)− anions. All As3+ lone-pair cations are coordinated by three oxygen atoms to form ψ1-tetrahedral [AsO3]3− complex anions with their non-binding (lone) electron pairs pointing into empty channels along [010].
Evaluation of Infiltrometers and Permeameters for Measuring Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Ghosh Biplab , Pekkat Sreeja , Yamsani Sudheer Kumar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Soil hydraulic conductivity is a mandatory input for determining water and solute transport through soils. There are several well-established infiltrometers and permeameters for measuring in situ hydraulic conductivity. Infiltrometers measure hydraulic conductivity based on water entry into an unsaturated soil at the soil-atmosphere boundary, whereas permeameters measure the flow of water from one point to another within the soil mass. This difference in measurement philosophy, along with the methods of analysis involved in the measurement, may result in varying estimates of in situ hydraulic conductivity. This study performs an evaluation among three infiltrometers (double ring infiltrometer [DRI] and two disc infiltrometers) and two permeameters (Guelph permeameter [GP] and laboratory permeameter) for measuring hydraulic conductivity. The primary objective of this study is to appraise the variability in the measurement of in situ hydraulic conductivity for identical field conditions using different infiltrometers and permeameters. The study indicated that all the permeameters and infiltrometers exhibited reasonably good repeatability in measurements. Unlike infiltrometers, the hydraulic conductivity determined from permeameters was found to exhibit similar values for two different seasons. Infiltrometers were found to be highly sensitive to alteration in the surface pore structure due to the soil-atmosphere interaction. The statistical evaluation indicated a negative bias of disc infiltrometers when compared with DRI, whereas the comparison of disc infiltrometers has shown a bias close to zero. The results of the GP closely compared with laboratory permeameter. Both the disc infiltrometers exhibited a negative bias and weak correlation with GP measurements. In the absence of parity between infiltrometer and permeameter, the former may be a better choice for including the effect of soil surface alteration on hydrological modeling, whereas the latter can be handy for modeling water redistribution within the soil mass.
Investigation of Cracking Performance of Asphalt-Rubber Gap-Graded Mixtures: Statistical Overview on Materials’ Interface
Authors: Venudharan Veena , Biligiri Krishna Prapoorna 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the cracking mechanism of Asphalt-Rubber Gap-graded (AR-Gap) mixtures with various material properties. The research focused on using a monotonic semicircular bending (SCB) test to estimate the cracking potential of AR-Gap mixtures at 0°C and 25°C. A total of 28 asphalt mixtures, including 27 AR-Gap mixtures and 1 conventional dense-graded (DG) mix, covering over 220 data points were utilized for evaluation. The outcome parameter, fracture toughness, KIC, calculated from the SCB test was used to compare and contrast the mixtures’ resistance to cracking at low and intermediate temperatures. At both test temperatures, the results indicated that AR-Gap mixtures have higher fracture resistance (~60 %) than the DG mix. Furthermore, statistical analyses confirmed that asphalt binder type, aggregate gradation, and binder content had significant effects on cracking performance. Aggregate gradation had a more pronounced effect on cracking performance than binder type, followed by binder content. In addition, a KIC predictive model was developed that had excellent statistical goodness-of-fit measures (R2 ≥ 90 %), which can be conveniently utilized in case of unavailability of the test setup. Overall, the findings revealed superior performance characteristics of AR-Gap mixtures that had high potential to resist cracking. Based on the various outcomes, the study was able to recommend aggregate gradation, binder type, and binder content as the parameters that would exhibit higher resistance against cracking failure. It is envisaged that this research would further the state of the art in designing crack-resistant asphalt mixtures.
Carbon Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide’s Dimensionality Effect on Thermoset Matrix Performance
Authors: Ramos-Galicia Lourdes , Perez-Ramirez Eduardo E. , Fuentes-Ramirez Rosalba , Martinez-Hernandez Ana Laura , Velasco-Santos Carlos 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The mechanical, electrical, thermomechanical, and thermal properties of a thermoset matrix reinforced with pristine carbon nanotubes (1-D) and reduced graphene oxide (2-D) have been evaluated. Epoxy resin was reinforced with 1-D and 2-D nanomaterials in a wide range of load for a detailed study: 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0 wt. %. It is observed that carbon nanomaterials’ dimensionality influences its ability to transfer their unique properties to the nanocomposites. In this work, carbon nanotubes are more suitable than reduced graphene oxide to improve some properties, even though graphene-related materials have outperformed 1-D nanomaterials in other research. Tensile tests of nanocomposites show the best increment, with loads of 0.7 and 0.1 wt. % carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide, respectively. Tensile strength at these loads is ∼120 % higher than epoxy resin, but the load for obtaining the best mechanical performance is different for each nanomaterial. Electrical conductivity measurements show that 1-D nanostructures are able to form conductive paths better than nanosheets. In this work, carbon nanotubes yield up to three magnitude orders higher than reduced graphene oxide. The highest initial storage modulus is achieved by employing 1-D nanomaterials and contributes to improving the thermomechanical stability. Therefore, the dimensionality of carbon nanomaterials impacts the properties of nanocomposites, and each nanostructure is able to improve the matrix at different regions of the load.
Robotic Colorectal Surgery using Senhance® Robotic Platform: Single Center Experience with First 13 Cases
Authors: Samalavičius Narimantas Evaldas , Deduchovas Olegas 
Published: May 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
Until recently, robotic surgery has been associated only with da Vinci robotic system. A novel Senhance® robotic system (TransEnterix Surgical Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA) has been introduced almost 5 years ago. Published reports on experience in colorectal surgery using this robotic platform is very limited. We present a prospective analysis of first 13 robotic colorectal surgeries in Klaipėda University Hospital, Klaipėda, Lithuania. 13 patients underwent various colorectal resections: 10 for colorectal cancer and 3 for colonic polyps. 7 were men and 6 women, age range 32–77 years, on an average 56 years. Among 10 patients with colorectal cancer, 3 had stage I, 3 stage II, 3 stage III and 1 stage IV colorectal cancer. 2 patients were operated for unremovable ascending colon adenomas and 1 underwent prophylactic subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomisis for familial adenomatous polyposis. Complication occurred in 1 case (7.7%). This patient underwent robotic abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer, developed postoperative bleeding from perineal wound on day 7 and had to be taken to operative room for oversuturing the bleeding vessel. Operative time was on an average 3 hours 50 minutes, ranging from 2 hours and 55 minutes to 6 hours and 10 minutes. In-hospital stay ranged from 5 to 16 days, on an average 7 days.
Conclusion. Our experience with different types of robotic colorectal resections allows us to state that Senhance® robotic system is feasible and safe for colorectal surgery, and wider implementation of this system in our specialty worldwide is simply a question of time.
Robotic Cholecystectomy: First Experience in Baltic Countries
Authors: Deduchovas Olegas , Samalavičius Narimantas Evaldas 
Published: May 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
In this retrospective study we report the first series of robotic cholecystectomies in Baltic countries. From Nov 2018 to Feb 2019, 13 robotic cholecystectomies were performed in Klaipėda University Hospital using the Senhance (TransEnterix) robotic system. Patients were diagnosed with symptomatic gallstone disease and had no life-threatening co-morbidities. We retrospectively investigated patient demographics and pre-, peri- and postoperative data. Five male and eight female patients were included in this study (n = 13). Mean age was 46 years (range 26–72); mean BMI was 26.7 kg/m² (range 21.1–37.7). Mean docking time was 18 min (range 8–27), and mean operative time was 85 min (range, 70–150). There were no conversions to standard laparoscopy or open surgery. There were no intra-operative complications. There was one post-operative bleeding from the gallbladder bed and subhepatic hematoma, successfully treated by laparoscopy. This study demonstrates the feasibility of robotic surgery in performing minimally invasive cholecystectomies.
Biological values of cultivated mushrooms — A review
Authors: Vetter J. 
Published: May 2019

Cultivated mushrooms are not only valuable foods of our age (functional foods) but contain certain beneficial chemical components (high level of K and P, very low content of Na, considerable quantities of some microelements, high and valuable protein but low fat contents). Some cultivated mushrooms have anti-carcinogenic effects caused first of all by polysaccharides (Lentinan: Lentinula edodes) and by triterpenoids (ganoderic acids: Ganoderma lucidum or unsaturated fatty acids: linoleic, linolenic acids); antidiabetic effects, which can improve the sugar metabolism of patients (Coprinus comatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Agaricus bisporus); anti-microbial effects, caused partly by smaller triterpenoids or by higher molecules, i.e. by direct or indirect effects: via stimulation of the immune system. Certain mushrooms have antioxidant effects, provided mostly by higher radical scavenging activity of phenolic (flavonoid) components. The chemical composition and its biological effects form together the biological values of the cultivated mushrooms.
The following review would like to summarize the most important facts of this topic.
Revealing the ductility of nanoceramic MgAl2O4
Authors: Chen Bin , Huang Yuanjie , Xu Jianing , Zhou Xiaoling , Chen Zhiqiang , Zhang Hengzhong , Zhang Jie , Qi Jianqi , Lu Tiecheng , Banfield Jillian F. , Yan Jinyuan , Raju Selva Vennila , Gleason Arianna E. , Clark Simon , MacDowell Alastair A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
DUYGUSAL EMEK YABANCILAŞMANIN BİR NEDENİ OLABİLİR Mİ? TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ ÇALIŞANLARI ÖRNEĞİ 1
Authors: KURT Zeylan , HAMARAT Bahattin , GÜMÜŞ Murat 
Published: May 2019

Araştırmada turizm işletmelerinde duygusal emek boyutlarının işgörenlerin işe ve kendine yabancılaşmaları arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Veriler anket tekniği ile elde edilmiştir. Gizil değişkenler arasında nedensel olabilecek ilişkiler yapısal eşitlik modeli ile incelenmiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi 252 işgörene yönelik veriler üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ilişkiler belirlenmiştir.
Turizm işletmelerinde işgörenlerin yüzeysel davranışları ile işe yabancılaşmaları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenirken, işgörenlerin kendisine yabancılaşmaları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenememiştir. Benzer şekilde işgörenlerin derin davranışları ile işe yabancılaşmaları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenirken kendileri ile olan yabancılaşmaları anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Ayrıca araştırmada turizm işletmelerinde işgörenlerde işe yabancılaşmada gerçekleşen artışlar kendilerine yabancılaşmalarında da artışa neden olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Ispanak zararlısı Tyrophagus neiswanderi (Acari: Acaridae)’ye karşı Isaria fumosorosea’nın etkinliğinin belirlenmesi
Authors: KIRIŞIK Musa , TOPUZ Emine 
Published: May 2019

Tyrophagus sp.
Japonya'da, karpuz, salatalık, kabak, domates, biber ve soğan bitkilerinde
zararlı olarak bildirilmiştir. Seralarda ise ıspanak ve marulda zararlı olduğu
bilinmektedir. Tyrophagus neiswanderi (Acari:
Acaridae) ise genel olarak çeşitli süs bitkileri (gerbera, nergis, lale, süsen
ve siklamen) ve sebzelerde (özellikle Cucurbitacae familyası) zararlı olduğu
bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, T.
urticae Koch
ve P. ulmi (Koch)
(Acari: Tetranychidae)’ye karşı ruhsatlı bir entomopatojen fungus olan Isaria fumosorosea PFs-1 izolatının
ülkemizde henüz ruhsatlı bir akarisitin bulunmadığı T. neiswanderi’ye karşı etkisi test edilmiştir. Araştırmada
kullanılan T. neiswanderi
popülasyonu, Antalya ili Topçular bölgesinde ıspanak üretimi yapılan bir
seradan elde edilmiştir. Seradan elde edilen T. neiswanderi popülasyonu, 24±1°C, 16:8 saat (aydınlık: karanlık)
ve %60±5 nispi nem koşullarında temiz börülce bitkisi üzerinde üretilmiştir. Bu
çalışmada, I. fumosorosea'nın 5
farklı dozu (0.5x108, 1x108, 2x108, 4x108,
8x108 cfu ml-1)
laboratuvarda T. neiswanderi erginleri
üzerinde test edilmiştir. I. fumosorosea için
yapılan testlerde, fungusun kontak etkisi sprey-tower kullanılarak
araştırılmıştır. Biyoesseyler 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür.
Uygulamadan sonraki 3. ve 6. günlerde, canlı ve ölü bireyler sayılmıştır. Popülasyonlarda,
5 farklı dozda I. fumosorosea PFs-1
izolatı için elde edilen ölümlerin yüzdeleri 16-100 arasında değişmiştir.
Uygulama sonucunda akarlarda en fazla ölüm 6. gün sonunda gözlenmiş, dozlara
göre değişim göstermesine rağmen uygun dozun 5x108 cfu ml-1 olduğu
sonucuna varılmıştır. Laboratuvarda kontrollü koşullar altında elde edilen bu
sonuçlar T. neiswanderi'nin
kontrolü için ümit vericidir.
Герберт Спенсер – забытый отец теории демографического перехода
Authors: Вишневский Анатолий Григорьевич 
Published: May 2019

Считается, что центральная идея современной теории демографического перехода как перехода от равновесия высоких к равновесию низких смертности и рождаемости была сформирована и стала общепризнанной в середине ХХ века. В статье показано, что эта идея была высказана и развита Гербертом Спенсером на сто лет раньше, хотя современные теоретики демографического перехода никогда не ссылаются на него как на своего предшественника.
Восстановление подлинной родословной теории демографического перехода – важная, но не единственная цель статьи. Ее главная задача привлечь аргументацию Спенсера к современным дебатам о настоящем и будущем низкой рождаемости, исходя из предпосылки, что эта аргументация не только не стала историческим раритетом, но и сегодня во многом опережает время. Главное внимание уделено различиям в понимании фундаментальных причин снижения рождаемости. В статье не отрицаются заблуждения Спенсера в понимании механизма снижения рождаемости в человеческом обществе, но что касается причин этого снижения, то, по мнению автора статьи, более высокий уровень обобщения, свойственный научному мировоззрению Спенсера, предопределил понимание этих причин, более глубокое, чем то, которое развивается современными демографами-теоретиками.
Гендерный дисбаланс сельского населения России (РСФСР) в годы Второй мировой войны (1939–1945 гг.)
Authors: Исупов Владимир Анатольевич 
Published: May 2019

В статье представлены результаты изучения одной из важнейших проблем демографической истории России ХХ столетия. Автор поставил перед собой задачу раскрыть такое недостаточно полно исследованное явление в демографической истории России, как процесс формирования гендерного дисбаланса в сельском населении страны в 1939–1945 гг. В статье подчеркивается, что во Вторую мировую войну наша страна вступила с уже нарушенным соотношением полов. Но после 1941 г. гендерная асимметрия обострилась до крайних пределов. Учитывается также, что возрастные составляющие демографической катастрофы периода войны тесно коррелируют с изменениями гендерной структуры населения. Все выводы, сделанные в статье, опираются на широкий круг источников, некоторые из них впервые вводятся в научный оборот. К ним относятся данные похозяйственного учета сельских советов за 1943 и 1945 гг., списки избирателей, составленные к выборам депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 февраля 1946 г. В качестве важного источника информации привлечены также материалы Всесоюзной переписи населения 1939 г. В статье определяется соотношение половозрастных групп в сельском населении тыловых районов России в начале (1939 г.), середине (1943 г.) и конце (1945 г.) Второй мировой войны. На этой основе вскрыта динамика изменений половозрастной структуры сельского населения России. В основе обострения гендерного дисбаланса, как показано в статье, лежат главным образом воинские мобилизации мужской части населения в армию и гибель мужчин в ходе боевых действий.