bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyethylene glycol treated allografts not tissue matched nor immunosuppressed rapidly repair sciatic nerve gaps, maintain neuromuscular functions, and restore voluntary behaviors in female rats
Authors: Mikesh Michelle , Ghergherehchi Cameron L. , Rahesh Sina , Jagannath Karthik , Ali Amir , Sengelaub Dale R. , Trevino Richard C. , Jackson David M. , Tucker Haley O. , Bittner George D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMany publications report that ablations of segments of peripheral nerves produce the following unfortunate results: (1) Immediate loss of sensory signaling and motor control; (2) rapid Wallerian degeneration of severed distal axons within days; (3) muscle atrophy within weeks; (4) poor behavioral (functional) recovery after many months, if ever, by slowly‐regenerating (∼1mm/d) axon outgrowths from surviving proximal nerve stumps; and (5) Nerve allografts to repair gap injuries are rejected, often even if tissue matched and immunosuppressed. In contrast, using a female rat sciatic nerve model system, we report that neurorrhaphy of allografts plus a well‐specified‐sequence of solutions (one containing polyethylene glycol: PEG) successfully addresses each of these problems by: (a) Reestablishing axonal continuity/signaling within minutes by nonspecific ally PEG‐fusing (connecting) severed motor and sensory axons across each anastomosis; (b) preventing Wallerian degeneration by maintaining many distal segments of inappropriately‐reconnected, PEG‐fused axons that continuously activate nerve‐muscle junctions; (c) maintaining innervation of muscle fibers that undergo much less atrophy than otherwise‐denervated muscle fibers; (d) inducing remarkable behavioral recovery to near‐unoperated levels within days to weeks, almost certainly by CNS and PNS plasticities well‐beyond what most neuroscientists currently imagine; and (e) preventing rejection of PEG‐fused donor nerve allografts with no tissue matching or immunosuppression. Similar behavioral results are produced by PEG‐fused autografts. All results for Negative Control allografts agree with current neuroscience data 1‐5 given above. Hence, PEG‐fusion of allografts for repair of ablated peripheral nerve segments expand on previous observations in single‐cut injuries, provoke reconsideration of some current neuroscience dogma, and further extend the potential of PEG‐fusion in clinical practice.
Relationship between neural crest cell specification and rare ocular diseases
Authors: Akula Monica , Park Jeong Won , West‐Mays Judith A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDevelopment of the eye is closely associated with neural crest cell migration and specification. Eye development is extremely complex, as it requires the working of a combination of local factors, receptors, inductors, and signaling interactions between tissues such as the optic cup and periocular mesenchyme (POM). The POM is comprised of neural crest‐derived mesenchymal progenitor cells that give rise to numerous important ocular structures including those tissues that form the optic cup and anterior segment of the eye. A number of genes are involved in the migration and specification of the POM such as PITX2, PITX3, FOXC1, FOXE3, PAX6, LMX1B, GPR48, TFAP2A, and TFAP2B. In this review, we will discuss the relevance of these genes in the development of the POM and how mutations and defects result in rare ocular diseases.
Tremor severity in Parkinson's disease and cortical changes of areas controlling movement sequencing: A preliminary study
Authors: Benito‐León Julián , Serrano J. Ignacio , Louis Elan D. , Holobar Ales , Romero Juan P. , Povalej‐Bržan P. , Bermejo‐Pareja Félix , del Castillo M. Dolores , Posada Ignacio J. , Rocon Eduardo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere remains much to learn about the changes in cortical anatomy that are associated with tremor severity in Parkinson's disease (PD). For this reason, we used a combination of structural neuroimaging to measure cortical thickness and neurophysiological studies to analyze whether PD tremor was associated with cortex integrity. Magnetic resonance imaging and neurophysiological assessment were performed in 13 nondemented PD patients (9 women, 69.2%) with a clearly tremor‐dominant phenotype. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were performed with the Freesurfer image analysis software. Assessment of tremor was performed by means of high‐density surface electromyography (hdEMG) and inertial measurement units (IMUs). Individual motor unit discharge patterns were identified from surface hdEMG and tremor metrics quantifying motor unit synchronization from IMUs. Increased motor unit synchronization (i.e., more severe tremor) was associated with cortical changes (i.e., atrophy) in wide‐spread cortical areas, including caudal middle frontal regions bilaterally (dorsal premotor cortices), left inferior parietal lobe (posterior parietal cortex), left lateral orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate cortex bilaterally, left posterior and transverse temporal cortex, and left occipital lobe, as well as reduced left middle temporal volume. Given that the majority of these areas are involved in controlling movement sequencing, our results support Albert's classic hypothesis that PD tremor may be the result of an involuntary activation of a program of motor behavior used in the genesis of rapid voluntary alternating movements.
Vitamin and mineral supplementation in pregnancy: evidence to practice
Authors: Wilson Rebecca L. , Gummow Jason A. , McAninch Dale , Bianco‐Miotto Tina , Roberts Claire T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPregnancy is a dynamic state that requires increased nutrient intakes in order to support the growing fetus, placenta and maternal tissues, and hence a successful pregnancy outcome. Although maternal micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy are often associated with pregnancy complications, as well as adverse fetal growth and development, evidence to support routine vitamin and mineral supplementation is relatively scarce. This review summarises existing evidence and special considerations regarding folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, zinc, iron, selenium and iodine supplementation on pregnancy outcomes. Current practice recommendations are for routine supplementation of folic acid and iodine, but recommendations regarding other vitamins and minerals are based on an individualised approach in pregnancy, with supplementation restricted to women with insufficient dietary intakes or established deficiencies. This review aims to support pharmacists in evaluating the appropriateness of various individual and multicomponent vitamin and mineral supplements and providing balanced and up‐to‐date information to women who are either planning pregnancy or are already pregnant.
Physicochemical Characterization of Chrysin‐Derivative‐Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers with Special Reference to Anticancer Activity
Authors: Karmakar Gourab , Nahak Prasant , Chettri Priyam , Roy Biplab , Guha Pritam , Tsuchiya Koji , Torigoe Kanjiro , Kumar Anoop , Nath Ranendu K. , Bhowmik Sukhen , De Utpal C. , Nag Kaushik , Panda Amiya K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHomologues long‐chain chrysin derivatives (LCD, C
n: 8–18) were synthesized and incorporated into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) with the aim to treat human neuroblastoma. Mutual miscibility and attractive interactions among the NLC components, namely tripalmitin (TP), cetyl palmitate (CP), oleic acid (OA), and the chrysin (CHR) derivatives (LCD) at the air–water interface were assessed by the Langmuir monolayer approach. Optimum combination for the NLC formulations was found to be 2:2:1 (M/M/M) for TP/CP/OA, respectively. NLC formulations, both in the absence and presence of LCD, were characterized by combined dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The size and zeta potential of the NLC formulations were found in the range 200–350 nm and −12 to −18 mV, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency and release kinetics of CHR and LCD when loaded into NLC were also evaluated. LCD exhibited maximum incorporation, drug‐loading capacity, and sustained release because of its enhanced hydrophobicity. Superior incorporation efficiency and sustained‐release profile of LCD were able to enhance their anticancer activity against human neuroblastoma cell lines, compared to CHR, making them promising agents in combating cancer.
Preparation of high‐purity lactulose through efficient recycling of catalyst sodium aluminate and nanofiltration: a pilot‐scale purification
Authors: Wang Mingming , Admassu Habtamu , Gasmalla Mohammed AA , Hua Xiao , Yang Ruijin 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDLactulose, a valuable lactose‐originated ‘bifidus factor’ product, is exclusively produced by chemical‐based isomerization commercially. A complexing agent of sodium aluminate exhibiting high conversion efficiency and strong recyclable stability is more practical for industrial applications. In this study, efficient purification of high‐purity lactulose through recycling of sodium aluminate and further desalination by nanofiltration (NF) was implemented on a pilot scale.RESULTSOver 99.5% of the catalyst was prior recycled in the form of Al(OH)3 precipitate by pH‐induced precipitation and centrifugation; residual aluminum was further absorbed by ion exchange resin to an acceptable level (≤10 mg kg−1). Subsequently, impurities (monosaccharides and NaCl) were ideally separated from lactulose syrup by NF based on their significant retention differences (lactulose 94.8–97.2% > lactose 86.2–93.5% > monosaccharides 36.3–48.7% > NaCl 9.5–31.1%). High‐purity (>95%) lactulose was obtained with >90% yield in both constant and variable volume diafiltration (CVD and VVD) modes when the volume dilution ratio (Vc/Vf) was 4.0 and 2.5 respectively. Both experimental and predicted results showed that the VVD mode was more water‐saving in practice.CONCLUSIONThis is the first trial purification of lactulose syrup from chemical isomerization of lactose catalyzed by sodium aluminate, and the applied methodology is a promising industrial‐scale purification strategy. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Study of virgin olive oil clarification by settling under dynamic conditions
Authors: Gila Abraham , Bejaoui Mohamed Aymen , Beltrán Gabriel , Aguilera María Paz , Jiménez Antonio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDVertical centrifugation is the main method for virgin olive oil (VOO) clarification. However, in recent years, settling tanks are also being used to clarify the oils from decanters. They can operate under static or dynamic conditions. In this work, vertical centrifugation and settling under dynamic conditions for VOO clarification and their effects on VOO characteristics were compared.RESULTSVOO quality parameters were not affected by the clarification systems studied. The vertical centrifugal separator (VCS) showed higher clarification efficiency, giving clarified oils with higher phenol content and better sensory characteristics. VOOs clarified by dynamic settling showed notable losses of phenols and worse sensory characteristics, since the tank purge system was not efficient, with most of the impurities remaining in the tanks.CONCLUSIONThe VCS with minimal water addition is a quick operation with low water consumption and is a better option to produce VOOs of improved quality, especially in terms of longer shelf life and preservation of positive sensory notes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
On the thermal behavior of protein isolated from different legumes investigated by DSC and TGA
Authors: Ricci Lucia , Umiltà Eleonora , Righetti Maria C , Messina Tiziana , Zurlini Chiara , Montanari Angela , Bronco Simona , Bertoldo Monica 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPea, lentil, faba bean, chickpea and bean proteins are potentially renewable raw materials for bioplastic production that can be obtained from agricultural waste. Plastics are usually processed under heating, and thus thermal stability is a mandatory requirement for the application. In this study, the thermal behavior of several legume protein isolates at different purity degrees was investigated.RESULTSThe thermal stability of proteins extracted from legumes was maximum for chickpeas and minimum for beans and decreased with decreasing protein purity in the range 30–88%. A similar dependence on purity was observed for the glass transition temperature. On the contrary, the denaturation temperature was found not to depend on sample purity and origin and was lower than the degradation temperature only in the case of protein samples with purity higher than 60%.CONCLUSIONProteins from legumes are suitable to produce thermoplastic biopolymeric materials if isolated at purity higher than 60%. In fact, under this circumstance, they can be denaturized without degrading and thus are suitable for extrusion processing. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Multi‐factor accelerated aging of neutral pudding packed in retort pouches determined by instrumental and fluorescence techniques
Authors: Moufle Anne‐Laure , Jamet Julie , Karoui Romdhane 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAccelerated shelf life tests have been conducted on very few shelf‐stable products. The aim of this study was to reproduce quality changes occurring in neutral pudding packed in retort pouches over a one‐year storage period at room temperature in approximately 100 days. The influence of headspace volume, packaging permeability, combination of packaging permeability and light, iron and copper on the quality changes of pudding throughout storage was investigated at the molecular and macroscopic scales. Analyses were performed from day 15 to 368 for control samples and from day 15 to 99 for pudding samples where one or more accelerating factors were applied.RESULTSRetort pouches enriched with iron or copper showed similar trends to control pouches regarding changes in rheological, pH and color parameters during storage. These catalysts could be used as accelerating factors for the last‐mentioned parameters. Riboflavin and tryptophan fluorescence spectra recorded on samples supplemented with iron aged 99 days were the most similar to those of control pudding samples aged 368 days. Neither the headspace volume nor the packaging permeability was found to affect the aging of neutral pudding samples.CONCLUSIONSamples supplemented with iron were the most appropriate to accelerate the aging of neutral pudding. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
IGZO‐TFT technology for large‐screen 8K display
Authors: Hara Yoshihito , Kikuchi Tetsuo , Kitagawa Hideki , Morinaga Junichi , Ohgami Hiroyuki , Imai Hajime , Daitoh Tohru , Matsuo Takuya 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe succeeded in G8 factory for mass production of Indium–Gallium–Zink–Oxide thin‐film transistor (IGZO‐TFT) for the first time in the world. The initial TFT process was an etching stop‐type TFT, but now, we are mass producing channel etching‐type TFTs. And, its application range is smartphones, tablets, PCs, monitors, TV, and so on. In particular, because of recent demands for high‐resolution and narrow frame, our IGZO display has been advanced in technology development with gate driver in panel. In this paper, we report development combining low resistance technology and the latest IGZO‐TFT (IGZO5) for large‐screen 8K display.
5.8‐inch QHD flexible AMOLED display with enhanced bendability of LTPS TFTs
Authors: Lee Jaeseob , Nguyen Thanh Tien , Bae Joonwoo , Jo Gyoochul , Lee Yongsu , Yang Sunghoon , Chu Hyeyong , Kwag Jinoh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBy applying the curve‐type thin film transistor (TFT) with longitudinal strain, TFT parameters do change little down to the 2R bending. The mobility variation range reduces down to 4% compared with 28% of the line‐type channel with transverse strain. The smaller variation is preferred for a high quality display. We clarified that majority carrier's effective mass and scattering rate are dominant factors influencing the bended TFT's performance, which can be controlled by the strain orientation and channel shape. This understanding and improvement was embedded in the 5.8″ flexible QHD active matrix organic light emitting diode panel with multi edge curvature of Galaxy S8. Through this achievement, we made our flexible premium active matrix organic light emitting diode panels more performable, reliable, and highly productive in small R bending circumstance.
Addressing uncertainties in interpreting soil surface changes by multitemporal high‐resolution topography data across scales
Authors: Kaiser Andreas , Erhardt Annelie , Eltner Anette 
Published: April 2018

AbstractExtensive amounts of water erosion combined with the magnitude of on‐site and off‐site impacts have led to considerable reduction in soil fertility and increased production costs in agriculture. Digital elevation models are a useful and established tool to better understand surface processes and to quantify damages. Ongoing developments in camera‐based 3D reconstruction allow non‐expert users to produce high‐quality elevation models. Multitemporal surveys allow geomorphic change detection serving as a valuable tool for geomorphologists and erosion researchers. Despite various benefits, these recent developments are accompanied by novel challenges in the form of small‐scale nonerosive surface processes (e.g., swelling/shrinking, consolidation/compaction, and aggregate breakdown). If neglected, these alterations can sum up to distinct errors in soil loss quantification.However, as yet, there have been no studies discussing their influence on surface data sets in erosion research. We present an across‐scales approach of visualising and quantifying detailed soil physical changes and their influence on surface morphology at submillimetre resolution.The data sets were acquired

at field scale from an unmanned airborne vehicle,
at plot scale during an artificial rainfall simulation on an agricultural site,
and at microplot scale in a laboratory set‐up.
Resulting high‐precision data sets enable the desired insights in soil movements and surface alterations without preceding particle transport and soil loss. Surface changes sum up to 260 m3/ha on an Andalusian test site and could be falsely interpreted as soil loss (of 286 t/ha). These results recommend cautious interpretation of high‐resolution topography in soil erosion research.
Trapping Light in Plain Sight: Embedded Photonic Eigenstates in Zero‐Index Metamaterials
Authors: Monticone Francesco , Doeleman Hugo M. , Den Hollander Wouter , Koenderink A. Femius , Alù Andrea 
Published: April 2018

AbstractConfining electromagnetic energy is crucial to enhance light‐matter interactions, with important implications for science and technology. Here, the opportunities offered by trapping and confining light in open structures, based on the concept of embedded eigenstates within the radiation continuum enabled by zero‐index metamaterials, are discussed. Building upon the physical insights offered by the analysis, a general platform is put forward that allows the realization of extremely high field enhancements in open structures under external illumination. Structures supporting embedded eigenstates represent a rare example of physical systems in which extreme–in principle unbounded–responses can be tamed. The proposed design recipe to realize bound states in the continuum also offers a simple model that allows testing of important questions that surround the concept of embedded eigenstates, such as their effect on the local density of photonic states. The findings help clarify which nano‐optical and radio‐wave applications may benefit from this unusual and singular response.
Silicone–Epoxy‐Based Hybrid Photopolymers for 3D Printing
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Li Xinpan , Yu Ran , Zhang Ying , Yang Xin , Zhao Xiaojuan , Wang Lei , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the present research, a type of cycloaliphatic silicone–epoxy resin is synthesized and then compounded with acrylates as well as photoinitiators to obtain hybrid photopolymers. The photocuring rate of the hybrid photopolymers, the morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the cured samples with different silicone–epoxy/acrylate ratios are studied in detail. Scanning electron microscopy images prove that interpenetrating polymer network structure is formed. To improve the mechanical properties, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A is added and finally a type of hybrid photopolymer suitable for stereolithography 3D printing is obtained. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and photo‐differential scanning calorimeter measurements show that the hybrid photopolymer has a high curing rate, while thermal property tests prove that the cured sample has high thermal stability. Mechanical property tests show that the cured samples have a tensile strength of 40.3 MPa with a break elongation of 6.7%. The objects printed with the hybrid photopolymer exhibit high resolution and dimension accuracy.
Polymers Diffusivity Encoded by Stimuli‐Induced Phase Transition: Theory and Application to Poly(N‐Isopropylacrylamide) with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic End Groups
Authors: Schweizerhof Sjören , Demco Dan Eugen , Mourran Ahmed , Fechete Radu , Möller Martin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe self‐diffusion of various nano‐objects investigated by high‐resolution nuclear magnetic resonance diffusometry proves to be an efficient method for the characterization of dynamics, aggregation kinetic, and matrix morphology. This study investigates how the two‐state model and Boltzmann function approach can be used for the evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters of temperature‐induced phase transition encoded in polymer diffusivity. The characteristics of the phase transition given by the transition temperature, change of entropy, and width of transition are obtained for poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) linear polymers with hydrophilic and hydrophobic end‐group functionalization. The effect of end groups upon the polymer diffusivity is investigated as a function of molecular weight (Mn), from which fractal dimensions and hydrodynamic drag coefficients are obtained. The PNIPAm diffusivity is affected strongly by the end groups, and it is reflected in the hydrodynamic radius dependence upon molecular weight that obeys different power‐law relations. In this study, the synthesis of α‐ω‐heterotelechelic PNIPAm of different molecular weights with a thiol end group and a hydrophilic NIPAm‐like as well as a hydrophobic benzyl end group are described by reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization.
High‐Strength, Thermally Activated Shape Memory Hydrogels Based on Hydrogen Bonding between MAAc and NVP
Authors: Xu Chao , Tang Quan , Yang Haiyang , Peng Kang , Zhang Xingyuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHerein, a facile and novel method is reported for fabricating tough hydrogen‐bonded hydrogels through the photoinitiated copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MAAc), N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) in an aqueous solution. PEGMA acts as a temporary hydrogen‐bonding shielding monomer to prevent the phase separation of MAAc and NVP in an aqueous solution. During polymerization, the shielding effect of the PEGMA weakens, and the stable MAAc–NVP hydrogen‐bonding domains, strengthened by the hydrophobic α‐methyl moieties of MAAc and the five‐membered N‐heterocycle of NVP, form in situ, endowing the hydrogels with high tensile strength (up to 3.9 MPa), extensibility (up to 600%), and toughness (up to 9 MJ m−3). In particular, due to the dynamic nature and temperature sensitivity of hydrogen bonds, the hydrogels also exhibit a fast 100% self‐recovery ability and thermally activated shape memory properties. Based purely on the “single‐fold” hydrogen‐bonding interactions, a tough supramolecular hydrogel with fascinating properties is successfully developed. These findings may be essential to either the design or practical application of the purely physical hydrogels with high mechanical strength and thermally activated shape memory properties.