bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse gas mitigation potential in crop production with biochar soil amendment—a carbon footprint assessment for cross‐site field experiments from China
Authors: Xu Xiangrui , Cheng Kun , Wu Hua , Sun Jianfei , Yue Qian , Pan Genxing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBiochar soil amendment (BSA) had been advocated as a promising approach to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in agriculture. However, the net GHG mitigation potential of BSA remained unquantified with regard to the manufacturing process and field application. Carbon footprint (CF) was employed to assess the mitigating potential of BSA by estimating all the direct and indirect GHG emissions in the full life cycles of crop production including production and field application of biochar. Data were obtained from 7 sites (4 sites for paddy rice production and 3 sites for maize production) under a single BSA at 20 t/ha−1 across mainland China. Considering soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and GHG emission reduction from syngas recycling, BSA reduced the CFs by 20.37–41.29 t carbon dioxide equivalent ha−1 (CO2‐eq ha−1) and 28.58–39.49 t CO2‐eq ha−1 for paddy rice and maize production, respectively, compared to no biochar application. Without considering SOC sequestration and syngas recycling, the net CF change by BSA was in a range of −25.06 to 9.82 t CO2‐eq ha−1 and −20.07 to 5.95 t CO2‐eq ha−1 for paddy rice and maize production, respectively, over no biochar application. As the largest contributors among the others, syngas recycling in the process of biochar manufacture contributed by 47% to total CF reductions under BSA for rice cultivation while SOC sequestration contributed by 57% for maize cultivation. There was a large variability of the CF reductions across the studied sites whether in paddy rice or maize production, due likely to the difference in GHG emission reductions and SOC increments under BSA across the sites. This study emphasized that SOC sequestration should be taken into account the CF calculation of BSA. Improved biochar manufacturing technique could achieve a remarkable carbon sink by recycling the biogas for traditional fossil‐fuel replacement.
Accumulation of the myosin‐II‐spectrin complex plays a positive role in apical extrusion of Src‐transformed epithelial cells
Authors: Takagi Mikio , Ikegawa Masaya , Shimada Takashi , Ishikawa Susumu , Kajita Mihoko , Maruyama Takeshi , Kamasaki Tomoko , Fujita Yasuyuki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAt the initial stage of carcinogenesis, transformation occurs in single cells within the epithelium. Recent studies have revealed that the newly emerging transformed cells are often apically eliminated from epithelial tissues. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this cancer preventive phenomenon still remain elusive. In this study, we first demonstrate that myosin‐II accumulates in Src‐transformed cells when they are surrounded by normal epithelial cells. Knock‐down of the heavy chains of myosin‐II substantially diminishes apical extrusion of Src cells, suggesting that accumulated myosin‐II positively regulates the apical elimination of transformed cells. Furthermore, we have identified β‐spectrin as a myosin‐II‐binding protein under the coculture of normal and Src‐transformed epithelial cells. β‐spectrin is also accumulated in Src cells that are surrounded by normal cells, and the β‐spectrin accumulation is regulated by myosin‐II. Moreover, knock‐down of β‐spectrin significantly suppresses apical extrusion of Src cells. Collectively, these results indicate that accumulation of the myosin‐II‐spectrin complex plays a positive role in apical extrusion of Src‐transformed epithelial cells. Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of apical extrusion would lead to the establishment of a novel type of cancer preventive medicine.
Politics and Penal Change: Towards an Interpretive Political Analysis of Penal Policymaking
Authors: ANNISON HARRY 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAbstract: This article offers an interpretive political analysis framework, exploring and asserting its value for understanding penal change. It is argued that this approach serves, in part, to emphasise the importance of the minutiae of political activity: the crucial impact that apparently minor decisions, unimportant participants, or particular ‘rules of the game’ can play in specific outcomes. It emphasises the importance of human agency and meaning: the relationship between politics and fate. It facilitates the connections of particular ‘micro’ analyses with ‘macro’ accounts of penal change. I argue that the approach set out here thereby enables us to place centre stage the beliefs and practices of policy participants, and the political dynamics of policymaking. By doing so, particular case studies serve as valuable ‘windows’ into the meanings in action that iteratively make sense of, respond to, and thereby (re‐)constitute the realities in which actors operate, specific penal outcomes, and broader penal change.
Policy as Practice: Explaining Persistent Patterns in Prostitution Policy
Authors: WAGENAAR HENDRIK 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to present an approach to policy analysis that centres on the notion of practice. Traditionally policy analysis rests on two types of categories: the substantive categories of the policy issue at hand and the general conceptualisations that emerge from the discipline itself, such as policy formulation, policy implementation, policy instrument, agenda‐setting, and so on. Challenging these categories and unpacking policy as a bundle of practices, makes it possible for the analyst to unearth the taken‐for‐granted and tacit dimensions that stabilise a particular policy in place and time. Using the case of prostitution policy, I will show how a practice approach allows for a critical analysis of certain empirical features of this type of policy, such as some remarkable constancies over many countries and long historical periods in regulatory approach and the propensity for even progressive policies in this domain to revert to more prohibitionist forms of regulation.
The Integrative Role of Sacrifice in the Theology of Henri de Lubac
Authors: Schlesinger Eugene R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAt key junctures in his theologies of spiritual exegesis, the Eucharist and the church, Henri de Lubac appeals to the notion of Christ's sacrifice as providing the pivotal content for the topic at hand. Despite this, de Lubac scholarship has devoted scant attention to the role of sacrifice in his thought. Using the fourfold sense of Scripture and the scholastic categories of res and sacramentum to establish a formal structure for de Lubac's thought, I demonstrate that sacrifice provides an integrative motif for these disparate areas of de Lubac's thought, better accounting for the ‘organic unity’ of his theology.
Theology's munus triplex? Reconsidering Theology's Relationship to the Sciences
Authors: Chino Taido 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDespite the complicated history of exchange between theology and science, the relation between the two can perhaps be summarized succinctly by Ian Barbour's influential taxonomy: conflict, independence, dialogue or integration. This article explores an alternative route by demonstrating how three recent theologians (Barth, Van Huyssteen and Webster) offer recognizably distinct visions for Christian theology's interdisciplinary encounters which can be characterized respectively as prophetic, priestly and royal. A second section of this article discusses the fruitfulness of adopting a munus triplex approach to the interdisciplinary question, as well as anticipating potential objections to transferring the ‘offices’ of Christ to the task of theology.
On the Nature, Task and Method of Theology: A Very Methodist Account
Authors: Greggs Tom 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article seeks to give a theological account of the task and method of theology in a constructive and systematic way from a Methodist perspective. The first section locates the task of theology within the doctrine of sanctification in order to establish the whence and whither of theology. The second section considers the sources of theology: the four classical Methodist sources of theology (the quadrilateral) are identified through an examination of Wesley's theology as interrelated warrants which do not exist independently but only in relationship to the other sources. The third section moves from sources to consider more directly the question of method, seeking to orient the theological task away from identification of the four components of the quadrilateral, and instead towards a description of theological method as the enactment of ongoing fractal shifting hierarchies of relationality in relation to the sources and loci of theology as they are multiply arranged in relation to each other in the immeasurable vastness of that task. This section seeks to account for a non‐competitive and non‐prohibitive systematicity in Methodist theology by identifying systematicity as an attempt at the description of the God who is One and in oneness lives in dynamic and superabundant relationality which requires in the creaturely realm coherent description of God and God's ways with the world.
Drought responses of above‐ground and below‐ground characteristics in warm‐season turfgrass
Authors: Zhang Jing , Poudel Bishow , Kenworthy Kevin , Unruh Joseph Bryan , Rowland Diane , Erickson John E. , Kruse Jason 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWater shortages have become more chronic as periodic droughts prolong and water demand for urban and agricultural use increases. Plant drought responses involve coordinated mechanisms in both above‐ and below‐ground systems, yet most studies lack comparisons of root and canopy responses under water scarcity and recovery. This is particularly true of research focused on warm‐season turfgrasses in sandy soils with extremely low water holding capacity. To address the lack of examination of coordinated stress and recovery responses, this study compared the above‐ and below‐ground plant responses during a dry‐down period of 21 days and recovery among four warm‐season turfgrass species in the field. Canopy drought responses and recovery were quantified using digital image analysis. In situ root images were captured using a minirhizotron camera system. Common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] endured the entire drought period without losing 50% green cover while other species lost 50% green cover in 11–34 days predicted from the regression. The interspecific differences in drought resistance were mainly due to root characteristics. Other drought mechanisms appear to be responsible for differences identified in drought resistance between “Zeon” and “Taccoa Green” manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.]. Recovery was delayed for up to 2 weeks in the second year, warranting further evaluation for turfgrass persistence under long‐term drought. Three‐week drought posed no threat to the survival of zoysiagrass. Species and genotypic variations were found in achieving full post‐recovery, which can be used to develop water conservation strategies and to adjust consumer expectations.
Aging effect on microstructure and property of strontium zirconate coating co‐doped with double rare‐earth oxides
Authors: Ma Wen , Meng Xiangfeng , Wen Jing , Li Enbo , Bai Yu , Chen Weidong , Dong Hongying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStrontium zirconate coating co‐doped with ytterbia and gadolinia (Sr(Zr0.9Yb0.05Gd0.05)O2.95, SZYG) and strontium zirconate coating (SrZrO3, SZ) were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. The SZYG coating shows improved phase stability from room temperature to 1400°C, while its thermal conductivity (~0.8 W m−1K−1) is at least ~40% lower than that of the SZ coating. Both SZYG and SZ coatings were heat‐treated at 1400°C up to 360 hours in air. The X‐ray diffraction results reveal that both the as‐sprayed SZYG and SZ coatings are composed of main phase SrZrO3 and secondary phase t‐ZrO2. These two phases do not undergo phase transition upon heat treatment up to 360 hours in the SZYG coating, whereas t‐ZrO2 transforms into m‐ZrO2 almost completely after 20 hours heat treatment in the SZ coating, suggesting a strong promoting role in stabilizing t‐ZrO2 by the additions of Yb2O3 and Gd2O3 in the SZYG coating. The content of t‐ZrO2 is ~4.3 wt.% in the as‐sprayed SZYG coating and increases to ~19.5 wt.% after 360 hours heat treatment, analyzed using Jade software. The thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of the SZYG coatings have no abrupt decrease after heat treatment for more than 5 hours, whereas an abrupt decrease in the TECs of the SZ coating is observed after 100 hours heat treatment. The superior performance of the SZYG coating is attributed to the very stable secondary phase t‐ZrO2 stabilized by the co‐doping of ytterbia and gadolinia.
Management of patients with hereditary angioedema in Germany: comparison with other countries in the Icatibant Outcome Survey
Authors: Maurer M. , Bork K. , Martinez‐Saguer I. , Aygören‐Pürsün E. , Botha J. , Andresen I. , Magerl M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Icatibant Outcome Survey (IOS; NCT01034969) is a Shire‐sponsored, international, observational study monitoring the safety and effectiveness of icatibant, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist approved for the acute treatment of adults with hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE‐C1‐INH).ObjectiveTo report IOS data comparing demographic and icatibant treatment outcomes in patients with HAE‐C1‐INH from Germany to HAE‐C1‐INH patients from 11 other IOS countries.MethodsA descriptive, retrospective, comparative analysis of data from 685 IOS patients with HAE‐C1‐INH from seven centres in Germany (n = 93) vs. centres from Austria, Brazil, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom (n = 592, July 2009–January 2017). Icatibant treatment outcomes were retrieved from patients with complete attack outcome data for time to treatment, time to resolution and attack duration (160 attacks in 42 German patients and 1442 attacks in 251 patients from other IOS countries).ResultsGerman patients reported significantly fewer severe/very severe attacks (38.7% vs. 57.5%, respectively; P < 0.001). The proportion of attacks treated with a single icatibant injection was significantly higher in German patients (97.1% vs. 91.6%, P = 0.0003). The median time to treatment (0.0 h vs. 1.5 h), time to resolution (3.0 h vs. 7.0 h) and attack duration (4.3 h vs. 10.5 h) in German patients vs. other IOS countries were all significantly shorter (all P < 0.0001). No meaningful differences were identified between patients from Germany and other countries with regard to sex, median age at enrolment, median age at symptom onset and median age at diagnosis.ConclusionGerman IOS patients share similar demographic characteristics to patients from other IOS countries yet treat their attacks with icatibant significantly earlier and have markedly fewer severe or very severe attacks. Factors including regional access to and availability of icatibant may drive these outcomes and warrant further investigation.
Survival, disease progression and prognostic factors in elderly patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: a retrospective analysis of 174 patients
Authors: Lebowitz E. , Geller S. , Flores E. , Pulitzer M. , Horwitz S. , Moskowitz A. , Kheterpal M. , Myskowski P.L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced age at diagnosis is considered a poor prognostic factor in mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS).ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors in patients diagnosed at an advanced age (≥65 years) with MF/SS.MethodsSurvival, progression rates and various clinical and histopathological variables were studied in a group of 174 elderly patients diagnosed with MF/SS between 1992 and 2015 at a single referral cancer center in the United States. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to determine survival and progression and Cox proportional hazards regression univariate and multivariate models were used to identify prognostic factors.ResultsOf 174 elderly patients, 76.4% were diagnosed with early‐stage (clinical stages IA‐IIA) and 23.6% with late‐stage MF/SS (IIB‐IV). Advanced age was associated with poor overall survival, but not with disease‐specific survival (DSS) or progression‐free survival (PFS). Gender, increasing clinical stage, T and B classifications, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and development of large cell transformation (LCT) were significant predictors of poor survival or disease progression. Patients with early‐stage MF and <10% total skin involvement (T1 classification) or patch‐only disease (T1a/T2a) showed better PFS with no observed disease‐specific mortality. Folliculotropic MF was associated with poor DSS in patients with early‐stage disease.ConclusionsOlder age at diagnosis of MF/SS does not predict worse disease‐specific outcomes. Elderly patients with early‐stage disease, specifically involving less than 10% of the skin surface with patches but without plaques or folliculotropism, have an excellent prognosis. However, the development of LCT is a strong prognostic indicator of poor survival in elderly patients with MF/SS.
Parents’ Perspectives on Family‐centered Care in Juvenile Justice Institutions
Authors: Simons Inge , van der Vaart Wander , Mulder Eva , Rigter Henk , Breuk René , van Domburgh Lieke , Vermeiren Robert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFamily‐centered care during adolescent detention aims to increase parental participation in an attempt to optimize treatment outcomes. However, little is known about parents’ needs in family‐centered care. To fill this gap, we interviewed 19 purposefully selected parents of detained adolescents using a semi‐structured topic list. Although needs differed between parents, they were generally interested in activities that included spending time with their child. It is important for parents to receive timely information about their child's condition and treatment, detention procedures, and activities in the facility. The outcomes demonstrated that parents expected a two‐way communication based on respect and reliability.
Dimethyl fumarate interferes with MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy model
Authors: Ahmed Asmaa A , Ahmed Amany A E , El Morsy Engy M , Nofal Shahira 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling pathway in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats.

Methods
Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups. group I: rats received the vehicles only; group II: rats were treated with ISO (5 mg/kg per day S.C.) to induce cardiac hypertrophy for 7 days; and group III: rats were given DMF (25 mg/kg per 12 h P.O.) for 28 days, and at the last 7 days, they were treated with ISO (5 mg/kg per day S.C.).

Key findings
Pretreatment with DMF decreased heart-to-body weight ratio, heart rate and blood pressure and improved the electrocardiographic patterns when compared with ISO group. DMF exhibited cardioprotective effect as evidenced by the reduction in cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase-MB and atrial natriuretic peptide levels. Moreover, DMF alleviated the changed oxidative stress and inflammatory biochemical markers through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. DMF interfered with TLR signalling pathway, evidenced by decreased levels of the TLR adaptor protein MyD88 and p-ERK1/2 and increased p-Akt level.

Conclusions
Dimethyl fumarate exerted cardioprotective effect against ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy. This effect is suggested to be through interfering with TLR signalling pathway.
The relationship between unwarranted variation in optometric referrals and time since qualification
Authors: Parkins David J , Benwell Martin J , Edgar David F , Evans Bruce J W 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate variation in optometric referral decision‐making and the influence of experience and continuing education and training (CET).MethodsTo gain insight into unwarranted variation in referral activity in the United Kingdom (UK): (1) triage data were audited to investigate source of referral, provisional diagnosis, and outcome; (2) an online system was developed to present two sets of 10 vignettes, designed to avoid prompting answers. Participating optometrists completed 10 pre‐CET vignettes, recording their tests and management decisions. The main group of participants chose whatever CET they wished over a 6‐month period and then completed another 10 post‐CET vignettes. A second group of newly‐qualified optometrists completed the vignettes before and after a CET course intervention, followed by a third group of pre‐registered optometrists with an intervention of 6‐months experience of their pre‐registration year.ResultsThe audit identified 1951 optometric referrals and 158 optometrists (211 referrals were from general medical practitioners), with 122 of the 158 optometrists making fewer than ten referrals. Two newly‐qualified optometrists generated 12.5% of the total referrals in the audit (N = 2162). Many suspect glaucoma referrals were based on a single suspect measurement resulting in a high discharge rate after community review, as did referrals for certain fundus‐related appearances for which no treatment was indicated.The intervention of gaining CET points appeared to have no significant impact (p = 0.37) on referral decision‐making, although this part of the study was underpowered. Self‐selection bias was confirmed in the main group. When the main group and newly‐qualified practitioners were compared, the number of referrals was negatively associated with time since qualification (p = 0.005). When all 20 referral decisions were compared, all optometrists referring more than 10 vignette patients came from a group of newly‐qualified practitioners up to 2 years post‐qualification. Pre‐registered optometrists generally referred more appropriately than newly‐qualified. Upon qualification, there was a significant increase in the number of sight tests undertaken per day (p = <0.0005).ConclusionsGaining CET points alone is unlikely to significantly improve referral decision‐making. Mentoring and targeted CET for the newly‐qualified up to 2 years post‐qualification should be considered. Ophthalmology replies to the referring newly‐qualified optometrist are vital for moderating future referrals and developing clinical confidence.
Psychophysiological modeling: Current state and future directions
Authors: Bach Dominik R. , Castegnetti Giuseppe , Korn Christoph W. , Gerster Samuel , Melinscak Filip , Moser Tobias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPsychologists often use peripheral physiological measures to infer a psychological variable. It is desirable to make this inverse inference in the most precise way, ideally standardized across research laboratories. In recent years, psychophysiological modeling has emerged as a method that rests on statistical techniques to invert mathematically formulated forward models (psychophysiological models, PsPMs). These PsPMs are based on psychophysiological knowledge and optimized with respect to the precision of the inference. Building on established experimental manipulations, known to create different values of a psychological variable, they can be benchmarked in terms of their sensitivity (e.g., effect size) to recover these values—we have termed this predictive validity. In this review, we introduce the problem of inverse inference and psychophysiological modeling as a solution. We present background and application for all peripheral measures for which PsPMs have been developed: skin conductance, heart period, respiratory measures, pupil size, and startle eyeblink. Many of these PsPMs are task invariant, implemented in open‐source software, and can be used off the shelf for a wide range of experiments. Psychophysiological modeling thus appears as a potentially powerful method to infer psychological variables.