bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Types of Dictionary Presentation on the Retention of Metaphorical Collocations: Involvement Load Hypothesis vs. Cognitive Load Theory
Authors: Dai Yuanjun , Wu Zhiwei , Xu Hai 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Although conceptual metaphor boxes were introduced in Macmillan English Dictionary over a decade ago, the effect of this innovative presentation on the retention of metaphorical collocations remains unclear. To fill this gap, this paper reports on a study involving 70 Chinese EFL learners, who were randomly assigned into three groups. They were exposed to three types of collocation presentation, varying in terms of availability and salience of conceptual metaphor information. The results show that the learners who were exposed to the accessible and salient presentation of metaphor information had the best retention of metaphorical collocations and the shortest lookup time. Two competing theoretical accounts, Involvement Load Hypothesis (ILH) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), were compared. It was found that CLT had greater explanatory power in predicting the research results, accounting for why conceptually grouping collocations facilitated the retention of metaphorical collocations.
Unclassified drug overdose deaths in the opioid crisis: emerging patterns of inequity
Authors: Boslett Andrew J , Denham Alina , Hill Elaine L , Adams Meredith C B 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
Examine whether individual, geographic, and economic phenotypes predict missing data on specific drug involvement in overdose deaths, manifesting inequities in overdose mortality data, which is a key data source used in measuring the opioid epidemic.

Materials and Methods
We combined national data sources (mortality, demographic, economic, and geographic) from 2014–2016 in a multi-method analysis of missing drug classification in the overdose mortality records (as defined by the use of ICD-10 T50.9 on death certificates). We examined individual disparities in decedent-level multivariate logistic regression models, geographic disparities in spatial analysis (heat maps), and economic disparities in a combination of temporal trend analyses (descriptive statistics) and both decedent- and county-level multivariate logistic regression models.

Results
Our analyses consistently found higher rates of unclassified overdoses in decedents of female gender, White race, non-Hispanic ethnicity, with college education, aged 30–59 and those from poorer counties. Despite the fact that unclassified drug overdose death rates have reduced over time, gaps persist between the richest and poorest counties. There are also striking geographic differences both across and within states.

Discussion
Given the essential role of mortality data in measuring the scale of the opioid epidemic, it is important to understand the individual and community inequities underlying the missing data on specific drug involvements. Knowledge of these inequities could enhance our understanding of the opioid crisis and inform data-driven interventions and policies with more equitable resource allocations.

Conclusion
Multiple individual, geographic, and economic disparities underlie unclassified overdose deaths, with important implications for public health informatics and addressing the opioid crisis.
Borders and Nominal Exchange Rates in Risk-Sharing
Authors: Devereux Michael B , Hnatkovska Viktoria V 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Models of risk-sharing predict that relative consumption growth rates are positively related to changes in real exchange rates. We investigate this hypothesis using a new multicountry and multiregional data set. Within countries, we find evidence for risk-sharing: episodes of high relative regional consumption growth are associated with regional real exchange rate depreciation. Across countries, however, the association is reversed: relative consumption and real exchange rates are negatively correlated. We define this reversal as a “border” effect. We find the border effect and show that it accounts for over half of the deviations from full risk-sharing. Since cross–border real exchange rates involve different currencies, it is natural to ask how much of the border effect is accounted for by movements in exchange rates. Our measures indicate that a large part of the border effect comes from nominal exchange rate fluctuations. We develop a simple open economy model that is consistent with the importance of nominal exchange rate variability in accounting for deviations from cross–country risk-sharing.
TOP: Time-to-Event Bayesian Optimal Phase II Trial Design for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Lin Ruitao , Coleman Robert L , Yuan Ying 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment. Unlike chemotherapies, immune agents often take longer to show benefit, and the complex and unique mechanism of action of these agents renders the use of multiple endpoints more appropriate in some trials. These new features of immunotherapy make conventional phase II trial designs, which assume a single binary endpoint that is quickly ascertainable, inefficient and dysfunctional.

Methods
We propose a flexible and efficient time-to-event Bayesian optimal phase II (TOP) design. The TOP design is efficient in that it allows real-time “go/no-go” interim decision making in the presence of late-onset responses by using all available data and maximizes statistical power for detecting effective treatments. TOP is flexible in the number of interim looks and capable of handling simple and complicated endpoints under a unified framework. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate the operating characteristics of the TOP design.

Results
In the considered trial settings, compared to some existing Bayesian designs, the TOP design shortens the trial duration by 4–10 months and improves the power to detect effective treatment up to 90%, with well-controlled type I errors.

Conclusions
The TOP design is transparent and easy to implement, as its decision rules can be tabulated and included in the protocol prior to the conduct of the trial. The TOP design provides a flexible, efficient, and easy-to-implement method to accelerate and improve the development of immunotherapies.
K2 Ultracool Dwarfs Survey – V. High superflare rates on rapidly rotating late-M dwarfs
Authors: Paudel R R , Gizis J E , Mullan D J , Schmidt S J , Burgasser A J , Williams P K G , Youngblood A , Stassun K G 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We observed strong superflares (defined as flares with energy in excess of 1033 erg) on three late-M dwarfs: 2MASS J08315742+2042213 (hereafter 2M0831+2042; M7 V), 2MASS J08371832+2050349 (hereafter 2M0837+2050; M8 V), and 2MASS J08312608+2244586 (hereafter 2M0831+2244; M9 V). 2M0831+2042 and 2M0837+2050 are members of the young (∼700 Myr) open cluster Praesepe. The strong superflare on 2M0831+2042 has an equivalent duration (ED) of 13.7 h and an estimated energy of 1.3 × 1035 erg. We observed five superflares on 2M0837+2050, on which the strongest superflare has an ED of 46.4 h and an estimated energy of 3.5 × 1035 erg. This energy is larger by 2.7 orders of magnitude than the largest flare observed on the older (7.6 Gyr) planet-hosting M8 dwarf TRAPPIST-1. Furthermore, we also observed five superflares on 2M0831+2244 which is probably a field star. The estimated energy of the strongest superflare on 2M0831+2244 is 6.1 × 1034 erg. 2M0831+2042, 2M0837+2050, and 2M0831+2244 have rotation periods of 0.556 ± 0.002, 0.193 ± 0.000, and 0.292 ± 0.001 d, respectively, which we measured by using K2 light curves. We compare the flares of younger targets with those of TRAPPIST-1 and discuss the possible impacts of such flares on planets in the habitable zone of late-M dwarfs.
Detection of a double-peaked H α component from the accretion disc of NGC 4958
Authors: Ricci T V , Steiner J E 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Active Galactic Nuclei are objects associated with the presence of an accretion disc around supermassive black holes found in the very central region of galaxies with a well-defined bulge. In the optical range of the spectrum, a possible signature of the accretion disc is the presence of a broad double-peaked component that is mostly seen in H α. In this paper, we report the detection of a double-peaked feature in the H α line in the nucleus of the galaxy NGC 4958. The narrow-line region of this object has an emission that is typical of a low-ionization nuclear emission-line region galaxy, which is the usual classification for double-peaked emitters. A central broad component, related to the broad-line region of this object, is seen in H α and also in H β. We concluded that the double-peaked emission is emitted by a circular relativistic Keplerian disc with an inner radius ξi = 570 ± 83, an outer radius ξo = 860 ± 170 (both in units of GMSMBH/c2), an inclination to the line of sight i = 27.2 ± 0.7° and a local broadening parameter σ = 1310 ± 70 km s−1.
Cisplatin- and cyclophosphamide-induced primordial follicle depletion is caused by direct damage to oocytes
Authors: Nguyen Q N , Zerafa N , Liew S H , Findlay J K , Hickey M , Hutt K J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is well established that DNA-damaging chemotherapies can cause infertility and ovarian endocrine failure by depleting the ovarian reserve of primordial follicles. Currently, no effective pharmacological therapies exist for the preservation of long-term fertility and ovarian function in female cancer patients, due to a limited understanding of the mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced follicle depletion. This study investigated the cellular targets, molecular mechanisms, and temporal course of ovarian reserve depletion following treatment with commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were injected i.p. with saline, cisplatin (5mg/kg), or cyclophosphamide (300mg/kg); ovaries were harvested after 8 or 24 hours. Follicle counts showed depletion of all follicular stages 24 hours after administration of cisplatin or cyclophosphamide. Eight hours post-treatment, H2A histone family member X (γH2AX) immunofluorescence showed DNA double-stranded breaks at all follicular stages, including within primordial follicle oocytes. This staining was resolving by 24 hours, indicating that primordial follicle oocytes begin to undergo either apoptosis or repair in this timeframe. γH2AX-positive follicles were further examined to identify the specific cell types damaged. In primordial, transitional, and primary follicles, only oocytes sustained DNA damage, whereas in secondary and antral follicles, only somatic cells were affected. TUNEL staining confirmed that apoptosis occurs in these targeted cell types. Whilst multi-drug and multi-dose regimens were not examined, this study conclusively shows that cyclophosphamide and cisplatin cause direct damage to primordial follicle oocytes, which then undergo apoptosis. Therefore, future pharmacological strategies to prevent chemotherapy-induced infertility in females must specifically prevent primordial follicle oocyte death.
Euripides’ Bacchae
Authors: McHardy Fiona 
Published: March 2019

Produced posthumously along with Iphigenia at Aulis and Alcmaeon in Corinth and awarded first prize at the City Dionysia in 405 bce, Euripides’ Bacchae is one of his most well-known and influential tragedies. One of the most significant aspects of the play, attracting religious, gendered, psychological, philosophical, and metatheatrical readings, is the appearance as a major character of the god Dionysus seeking to establish his cult in the city of Thebes. Dionysus is simultaneously an outsider, setting off from Lydia with his band of Asiatic maenads, and a son of the city, conceived by Semele, a member of the Theban royal family, and born out of his father Zeus’ thigh after the death of his mother. Worshipping Dionysus brings ecstasy and joy, experienced through revels, music, and dancing, yet there is also a vengeful and destructive side to the god. He seeks to punish his maternal aunts for their lack of belief in his divine parentage and drives them from the palace onto the mountains along with the other Theban women. At the same time, the Theban elder Cadmus, Dionysus’ maternal grandfather, and the prophet Tiresias attire themselves in Bacchic garb and head for the mountains in a show of respect for the god. But Cadmus’s grandson Pentheus, the ruler of the city, is hostile to the establishment of Dionysus’ cult and refuses to accept the outsider. In the course of the play, Pentheus confronts Dionysus and attempts to constrain him by force to reassert his control over the city. Yet it is impossible for a mortal to defeat a god. Intrigued by news of the women’s Bacchic revels on the mountains, Pentheus is persuaded by Dionysus to disguise himself as a maenad and visit the mountains to observe the women. A messenger reports the terrible news of Pentheus’s death, torn apart as if he were an animal in a Bacchic ritual, by his mother and her two sisters. The play culminates with a powerful scene in which Agave returns to the palace carrying the head of her own son, believing it to be the head of a mountain lion they have killed. During the scene her father Cadmus gradually helps her to see that she has in fact dismembered her own son. The play concludes with the exile of the remaining members of the royal family.
Yasujiro Ozu
Authors: Miyao Daisuke 
Published: March 2019

Yasujiro Ozu (b. 12 December 1903–d. 12 December 1963) was a Japanese film director. Growing up as a film fan in the modernizing city of Tokyo, Ozu made his directorial debut at Shochiku Company’s Kamata Studio in 1927 with a silent jidai geki (period drama) film, Sword of Penitence (Zange no yaiba). After that Ozu became specialized in gendai geki (contemporary drama) and initiated a genre shoshimin geki (lower-middle-class salarymen films) with such films as Tokyo Chorus (Tokyo no korasu, 1931) and I Was Born, But . . . (Otona no miru ehon: Umarete wa mita keredo, 1932). Many of his post–World War II films, including Late Spring (Banshun, 1949); Tokyo Story (Tokyo monogatari, 1953), the film that was voted the greatest film of all time in 2012 Sight and Sound Poll; and the last film An Autumn Afternoon (Sanma no aji, 1962), depicted everyday Japanese urban life, family matters (marriage, funeral, and dissolution), and relationships between generations. He directed fifty-three films by 1962. Ozu has been the object of critical attention by critics and scholars since the time when he was still working. In Japan, the status of Ozu as a foremost director of Japanese cinema was first established in the early 1930s. Early celebrations of Ozu emphasized his realism in faithfully depicting the reality of modern life in Japan. Critics regarded Ozu’s realism as a mode of social criticism. Later, especially after World War II, the primary focus of realism in Ozu criticism shifted to life’s vicissitudes and to a broader idea of humanism. This postwar critical tendency appeared to influence early scholarship on Ozu outside of Japan from the late 1950s the early 1970s, including the work by Donald Richie, which humanistically celebrated Ozu as an auteur. Then, it was Ozu’s unique film style, including the so-called pillow shots (spatially and temporally ambiguous shots that open scenes) and the use of 360-degree space that deviated from the narrational economy of Hollywood’s continuity editing, that made him a central figure during the period that saw the institutionalization of film studies in Euro-American academia in the late 1970s and 1980s. In the formation of the new academic discipline, emphasis was initially placed on formalism and Marxism. Thus, Ozu’s work served as a suitable example in demonstrating both the universal (“a humanist auteur”) and the particular (“a challenger to Hollywood”). Since then, a number of scholars and critics have studied the films of Ozu from various theoretical and historical standpoints.
María Amparo Ruiz de Burton
Authors: Contreras Alicia 
Published: March 2019

María Amparo Ruiz de Burton (b. 1832–d. 1895) was a Mexican-born woman who experienced the processes of Manifest Destiny and Reconstruction firsthand. At the end of the US-Mexico War (1848), Ruiz de Burton and her mother left their native Baja California for Monterey, Alta California, to reap the promised rewards of US citizenship. A descendant and friend of elite, landed, and politically prominent Mexicans and Californios, she technically married the enemy, Captain Henry S. Burton, a member of the US Army during the US-Mexico War who would go on to fight for the Union during the Civil War. This marriage enabled Ruiz de Burton to cross vast geographic and cultural terrains; within the span of a decade, she left California and interacted with both Republicans and Democrats in Rhode Island, New York, Washington, Delaware, and Virginia. Her movement in social circles that included such political figures as Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, Abraham Lincoln, and Jefferson Davis granted her a unique perspective of US-Mexico relations and what would soon become, with westward expansion and the transcontinental railroad, the socioeconomic displacement of her fellow Californios. An intelligent woman with a flair for writing and expressing political opinions, she was the first Mexican to publish fiction in English in the United States: her debut novel Who Would Have Thought It? (1872) was published anonymously by J.B. Lippincott & Co. of Philadelphia; her play Don Quixote de la Mancha: A Comedy in Five Acts, Taken from Cervantes’ Novel of That Same Name (1876) was published by Carmany of San Francisco; and her second and final novel The Squatter and the Don (1885) was published under the pseudonym of C. Loyal by Samuel Carson & Co. of San Francisco. Since their republications as part of the Recovering the U.S. Hispanic Literary Heritage Project in the 1990s, the two novels have helped scholars mend a once-perceivable fissure in 19th-century literary history. They have also enhanced scholars’ understandings of Chicanx and Mexican American literature; US women’s literature; and US domestic, sentimental, and realist literature. The work offers an idiosyncratic historical outlook that is practically matchless. Ruiz de Burton experienced four major wars that radically altered the lives of Mexicans and Mexican Americans—the Texas War of Independence, the US-Mexico War, the US Civil War, and the French Intervention in Mexico. Her fictional writings and posthumously published letters document the subsequent and fateful transformation of the United States and Mexico.
Keystone Species
Authors: Mello Marco A. R. 
Published: March 2019

If you take the keystone from an arch, it falls apart. However, does the same happen when you remove a species from its ecological community? This question has intrigued scientists for centuries, and examples of “very important species” in natural, urban, and agricultural systems abound. Looking at this problem from another perspective, one might say that ecology would not be the same if one central concept were removed from its literature: keystone species. In two seminal papers published in 1966 and 1969, the American ecologist Robert T. Paine (b. 1933–d. 2016) defined a keystone as a species whose activities greatly modify “the composition and physical appearance” of its community. He proposed an experimental approach to the problem and transformed the quest for keystones into one of the most prolific ecological research programs. Since then, at least 1,658 papers recorded on Web of Science (consulted on 4 September 2018, using the expression “keystone species”) focused on testing, refining, or expanding the keystone species concept. Those papers were cited 60,754 times by 48,309 other papers published in 845 journals, and the number of citations keeps growing. It is hard to think of any other topic in ecology, a field marked by constant changes in focus, which drew so much attention for such a long time. In Paine’s original experiments, the keystones were starfish and gastropods that preyed on other marine invertebrates, weaving complex webs of direct and indirect effects that regulate the abundances of all other species in the community. This metaphor was expanded in the next decades to several other species from a myriad of taxa in a multitude of contexts, from prairie dogs to fruiting trees and even humans. This boom raised much controversy related to which criteria should be used to label a species a keystone. Even the original interpretation of Paine’s experiments has been cast in doubt due to issues of replicability. Nevertheless, there is a consensus that the keystone species concept has at least high heuristic value. Moreover, it is supported by empirical evidence accumulated over the decades. Now studied under different theoretical frameworks, such as community ecology, ecosystem engineers, and ecological networks, it remains a hot topic. The keystone species concept led to significant developments in many different fields and may be considered a theoretical framework on its own. In this bibliography, the origins of the concept are retraced, as well as its development and current usage.
The Influence of Glenohumeral Joint Posterior Capsule Tightness and Impingement Symptoms on Shoulder Impairments and Kinematics
Authors: Rosa Dayana P , Borstad John D , Ferreira Julia K , Camargo Paula R 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Posterior capsule tightness (PCT) and shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) symptoms are both associated with altered shoulder biomechanics and impairments. However, their combined effect on kinematics, pain, range of motion (ROM), strength, and function remain unknown.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine if the combination of PCT and SIS affects scapular and humeral kinematics, glenohumeral joint ROM, glenohumeral joint external rotation strength, pain, and function differently than does either factor (PCT or SIS) alone.

Design
The design was a cross-sectional group comparison.

Methods
Participants were placed into 1 of 4 groups based on the presence or absence of SIS and PCT: control group (n = 28), PCT group (n = 27), SIS group (n = 25), and SIS + PCT group (n = 25). Scapular kinematics and humeral translations were quantified with an electromagnetic motion capture system. Shoulder internal rotation and external rotation ROM, external rotation strength, and pain and Shoulder Pain and Disabilities Index scores were compared between groups with ANOVA.

Results
The SIS group had greater scapular internal rotation (mean difference = 5.13°; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53°–8.9°) and less humeral anterior translation (1.71 mm; 95% CI = 0.53–2.9 mm) than the other groups. Groups without PCT had greater internal rotation ROM (16.05°; 95% CI = 5.09°–28.28°). The SIS + PCT group had lower pain thresholds at the levator scapulae muscle (108.02 kPa; 95% CI = 30.15–185.88 kPa) and the highest Shoulder Pain and Disabilities Index score (∼ 44.52; 95% CI = 33.41–55.63).

Limitations
These results may be limited to individuals with impingement symptoms and cannot be generalized to other shoulder conditions.

Conclusions
Decreased ROM and lower pain thresholds were found in individuals with both impingement symptoms and PCT. However, the combination of factors did not influence scapular and humeral kinematics.