bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piety and Annihilation in Plato’s Phaedo
Authors: Austin Emily 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
At the close of Plato’s Apology, Socrates argues that death is a benefit regardless of whether it results in annihilation or an afterlife. According to the standard interpretation, Socrates of the Phaedo rejects the idea that annihilation is a benefit, instead arguing that the soul is immortal and that annihilation would harm a philosopher. Socrates certainly suggests in a few passages that he would resent annihilation. In this paper, however, I argue that the Phaedo does not mark a significant shift in Socrates’ views about whether annihilation benefits. In both dialogues, he recognizes that if the gods choose to annihilate humans, they signal that human life is bad overall and that deprivation of a bad state is a benefit, albeit a benefit without an existing beneficiary. I contend that for Socrates, the possibility that humans benefit from annihilation entails neither the rationality of suicide nor the view that philosophers live miserable lives.
Six-fold plasmonic enhancement of thermal scavenging via CsPbBr3 anti-Stokes photoluminescence
Authors: Roman Benjamin J. , Sheldon Matthew T. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
One-photon up-conversion, also called anti-Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL), is the process whereby photoexcited carriers scavenge thermal energy and are promoted into a higher energy excited state before emitting a photon of greater energy than initially absorbed. Here, we examine how ASPL from CsPbBr3 nanoparticles is modified by coupling with plasmonically active gold nanoparticles deposited on a substrate. Two coupling regimes are examined using confocal fluorescence microscopy: three to four Au nanoparticles per diffraction limited region and monolayer Au nanoparticle coverage of the substrate. In both regimes, CsPbBr3 ASPL is blue-shifted relative to CsPbBr3 deposited on a bare substrate, corresponding to an increase in the thermal energy scavenged per emitted photon. However, with monolayer Au nanoparticle coverage, ASPL is enhanced relative to the conventional Stokes-shifted PL. Together, these phenomena result in a 6.7-fold increase in the amount of thermal energy extracted from the system during optical absorption and reemission.
Genre shifts in Israeli campaign advertisements: Strategies and rhetorical functions
Authors: Shukrun-Nagar Pnina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The present article addresses genre shifts in Israeli political campaign in 2013, specifically written advertisements published in newspapers, on the Internet, on stickers, in leaflets, and on billboards. I examine shifts to diverse genres (protest slogans, writing on social networks, personal conversation, a math exercise etc.), and analyze various discursive and para-linguistic strategies by means of which these shifts are implemented: use of registers and sociolects identified with particular genres; syntactical, semantic and lexical repetitions; graphic, typographical, and visual elements, etc. I show that due to the expectations of the addressees regarding the reconstructed genres and the addressing parties, genre shifts may serve to fulfill two main pragmatic-rhetorical functions: (1) Promoting messages regarding the desired conduct of the voters during the elections; (2) Self-positioning of the parties, either to strengthen their existing image among the public or to create a new, surprising one. I thus emphasize the key role played by genre shifts in the intertextual phenomenon of integrating semiotic meanings into a linguistic text; specifically in this case, integrating cultural-societal meanings into campaign advertisements.
A Decade Later: The Legacy of the Supreme Court of Canada's Health Services Decision on Workers' Rights
Authors: Walchuk Brad 
Published: January 2019

The year 2017 marked the ten-year anniversary of the Health Services case, a precedent-setting decision by the Supreme Court of Canada that ruled collective bargaining is protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This article explores the impact and legacy of BC Health Services, and finds that while workers’ constitutional rights have been expanded under the Charter over the past decade, governments nevertheless continue to violate these rights. It concludes that the legacy of the case is not an enhanced level of protection for these rights to be enjoyed fully, but rather that the default option has been and will continue to be a financial penalty for the state in instances in which they violate workers’ rights.
KEYWORDS labour rights; Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; human rights; health services
Vesicular GABA Transporter Is Necessary for Transplant-Induced Critical Period Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Priya Rashi , Rakela Benjamin , Kaneko Megumi , Spatazza Julien , Larimer Philip , Hoseini Mahmood S. , Hasenstaub Andrea R. , Alvarez-Buylla Arturo , Stryker Michael P. 
Published: January 2019

The maturation of GABAergic inhibitory circuits is necessary for the onset of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity (ODP) in the postnatal visual cortex (Hensch, 2005; Espinosa and Stryker, 2012). When it is deficient, the critical period does not start. When inhibitory maturation or signaling is precocious, it induces a precocious critical period. Heterochronic transplantation of GABAergic interneuron precursors derived from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) can induce a second period of functional plasticity in the visual cortex (Southwell et al., 2010). Although the timing of MGE transplantation-induced plasticity is dictated by the maturation of the transplanted cells, its mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we sought to test the effect of blocking vesicular GABA loading and subsequent release by transplanted interneurons on the ability to migrate, integrate, and induce plasticity in the host circuitry. We show that MGE cells taken from male and female donors that lack vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat) expression disperse and differentiate into somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons upon heterochronic transplantation in the postnatal mouse cortex. Although transplantedVgatmutant interneurons come to express mature interneuron markers and display electrophysiological properties similar to those of control cells, their morphology is significantly more complex. Significantly,Vgatmutant MGE transplants fail to induce ODP, demonstrating the pivotal role of vesicular GABAergic transmission for MGE transplantation-induced plasticity in the postnatal mouse visual cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEmbryonic inhibitory neurons thrive when transplanted into postnatal brains, migrating and differentiating in the host as they would have done if left in the donor. Once integrated into the host, these new neurons can have profound effects. For example, in the visual cortex, such neurons induce a second critical period of activity-dependent plasticity when they reach the appropriate stage of development. The cellular mechanism by which these transplanted GABAergic interneurons induce plasticity is unknown. Here, we show that transplanted interneurons that are unable to fill synaptic vesicles with GABA migrate and integrate into the host circuit, but they do not induce a second period of plasticity. These data suggest a role for the vesicular GABA transporter in transplantation-mediated plasticity.
Golimumab for Treating Chronic Inflammatory Joint Diseases in the Adult Population: Clinical Efficacy and Tolerability
Authors: Chichasova Natal’ya N. 
Published: January 2019

Due to the recent introduction of golimumab into paediatric rheumatology practice, an overview of the clinical studies of this tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor, most of which were conducted with adult patients with rheumatic diseases, has been presented. Clinical laboratory effects and tolerability of golimumab in the form of subcutaneous injections have been analysed for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and spondylitis. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of golimumab in long-term observational studies (up to 5 years) has been discussed.
Extraneural Metastasis of Ependymoma in Children: A Clinical Case
Authors: Olkhova Liudmila V. , Zheludkova Olga G. , Popov Vladimir E. , Kislyakov Alexey N. , Basalay Timur M. , Gorbatyh Svetlana V. , Skobeev Dmitry A. , Zelinskaya Natalya I. 
Published: January 2019

Background. Ependymomas are a group of glial tumours, usually occurring in the posterior cranial fossa, less often — in the lateral ventricles and spinal cord. Most often, the recurrence of ependymomas occurs in primary sites, or in the central nervous system (CNS). Ependymoma metastasis beyond the craniospinal system occurs rarely if ever.Description of a Clinical Case. A clinical example of extraneural metastasis to the bones and bone marrow in a 10-year-old patient with supratentorial anaplastic ependymoma after complex therapy has been presented. A review of published cases of the development of extraneural ependymoma metastasis in children has been presented. An attempt was made to consider possible risk factors for their development. Conclusion. Ependymal tumours are capable of extraneural metastasis to the bone and hematopoietic systems. Continued growth and metastasis lead to extremely unfavourable prognosis for the disease.
The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in heart recipients: a single center experience
Authors: Shevchenko А. О. , Faradzhov R. A. , Izotov D. A. , Koloskova N. N. , Nikitina Е. A. , Gichkun O. E. , Orlov V. I. , Tunyaeva I. Yu. , Mironkov B. L. 
Published: January 2019

Aim.To study the effect of ACE inhibitors (ACEI) in heart recipients on the prognosis and myocardial remodeling.Materials and methods.Three hundred and eighty-six patients who received orthotopic heart transplantation (HT) were consequently enrolled to the study from February 2009 to November 2016.Results.Thirty days after the HT, ACEIs were assigned to 141 recipients. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in all cardiac recipients who received ACEI and among 48 patients (19.5%) from non-ACEI group. Patients receiving ACEI had significantly better event-free survival than control group (p = 0.045) during the follow-up for 1361,6 ± 36,9 days. Left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic dimension did not change over the time in both groups, whereas LV posterior wall thickness in non-ACEI group significantly increased from 1.35 ± 0.03 cm to 1,23 ± 0.05 cm (p < 0.05).Conclusion.Cardiac recipients who received ACE inhibitors had better survival and less transplant left ventricle progression, that could reflect beneficial effects of renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system inhibition after heart transplantation.
Diagnostic effectiveness of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) at adjustment of tacrolimus individual dose in pediatric liver recipients
Authors: Kurabekova R. M. , Tsiroulnikova O. M. , Gichkun O. E. , Pashkova I. E. , Olefirenko G. A. , Shevchenko O. P. 
Published: January 2019

Blood level of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is associated with liver function and immune homeostasis, which suggests it as a potential biomarker for immunosuppressant tacrolimus dose requirement at liver transplantation (LT).Aim.To evaluate diagnostic efficacy of TGF-β1 blood level at determination of individual tacrolimus dose requirement in children at LT.Materials and methods.89 children with end stage liver disease aged from 3 to 73 months were examined. Children underwent living related LT, then the recipients received 2–3 component immunosuppressive therapy, including tacrolimus. Blood concentration of tacrolimus and TGF-β1 was measured by ELISA.Results.TGF-β1 blood level in children before LT was significantly lower than in healthy children: 3.7 (1.3–8.4) and 19.3 (12.6–25.5) ng/ml, p = 0.001. A month after LT, its concentration increased to 8.1 (1.8–15.3) ng/ml (p = 0.02). A year after LT, the cytokine level remained higher than before transplantation: 6.6 (1.9–12.6) ng/ml, p = 0.01. TGF-β1 level did not correlate with tacrolimus blood concentration, determined 12 hours after the last administration of the drug, neither a month, nor a year after transplantation. At the same time, the cytokine level one month after LT was associated with a tacrolimus daily dose one year after the operation (r = –0.23, p = 0.04). In the recipients, who received smaller daily doses (0.4–2.5 mg) of tacrolimus, TGF-β1 level was higher than in those receiving large doses (3.0–6.0 mg) of the drug: 9.1 (2.6–16.2) ng/ml vs. 4.2 (1.3–9.2) ng/ ml, p = 0.04. Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of the TGF-β1 level as a test for the detection of tacrolimus dose requirement showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.66 ± 0.07; 95% CI [0.53–0.79], the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 60 and 74% at threshold value 6.7 ng/ml. Relative risk of higher tacrolimus dose requirement was 3.14 ± 0.48; 95% CI [1.24–7.96].Conclusion.TGF-β1 blood level in one month after LT less than 6.7 ng/ml is 3 times higher risk factor of tacrolimus dose requirement more than 3.0 mg per day. The likehood of the test is 66%, the sensitivity and specificity – 60 and 74%.
The creation and maintenance of vascular access for chronic hemodialysis in the Moscow region: a five-year experience of a regional center
Authors: Vatazin A. V. , Zulkarnaev A. B. , Fominykh N. M. , Kardanakhishvili Z. B. , Strugailo E. V. 
Published: January 2019

Aim:to analyze the results of the regional center for the creation and maintenance of vascular access for hemodialysis.Materials and methods.We performed a retrospective analysis. In five years (2012–2016) we performed 3,837 different operations on vascular access (VA) in 1,862 patients.Results.There is a strong dependence of type VA and the cause of CKD 5D. At the time of the HD start, the proportion of arteriovenous fistula (AVF), synthetic vascular graft (SVG) and central venous catheter (CVC) was 73.7, 0.3 and 26% for glomerulonephritis; 58.4, 0.4 and 41% for pyelonephritis; 53, 1 and 26% for diabetes mellitus; 32, 8 and 60% for polycystic disease and 33, 2 and 65% for systemic processes, respectively. After one year on HD the shares of AVF, SVG and CVC were 89, 2 and 9% for glomerulonephritis; 76, 6 and 18% of pyelonephritis; 70, 5 and 25% for diabetes mellitus; 68, 10 and 22% for polycystic disease and 53, 5 and 42% for systemic processes, respectively. In a case of start of HD via AVF, five years survival was 61% [95% CI 51.8; 71.9]; in a case of start HD via CVC with followed by conversion to AVF – 53.9% [95% CI 42.5; 67]; in a case of CVC remained the only access – 31.6% [21.4; 41.4]. Non-maturation of AVF was observed in 5.9% of new AVF (the risk increased in a case of diabetes mellitus), early thrombosis (before the first use of AVF) was observed in 12.7% of new AVF (the risk increased with diabetes, polycystic and systemic diseases). Creation of AVF a week before the start of HD or 1–2 weeks later significantly increased the risk of thrombosis. Primary patency in a year, three and five years was 77.2% (95% CI 71.7; 81.7); 48% (95% CI 41.6, 54.1); 34.1% (95% CI 27.8, 40.5) respectively; secondary patency – 87% [95% CI 83.7; 89.7]; 74.4% [95% CI 70.3; 78,12]; 60.9% [95% CI 56.4; 65.1] respectively. The use of temporary CVC is associated with a three-fold increase of the risk of infection compared with permanent CVC: IRR 3,31 (2,46; 4,43), p < 0,0001.Conclusion.A more detailed analysis is required to identify risk factors for complications of vascular access and to optimize approaches to its creation and maintenance.
A technique for separating viable islets of Langerhans from a fragment of human pancreatic tail
Authors: Ponomareva A. S. , Kirsanova L. A. , Baranova N. V. , Bubentsova G. N. , Miloserdov I. A. , Volkova E. A. , Sevastyanov V. I. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction.Modern techniques of tissue engineering in the treatment of some degenerative diseases suggest the prospective viability of the biomedical technologies based on the creation of the equivalent of the damaged tissue (organ), including the tissue-engineered construct (TEC) of the endocrine pancreas (EP). Obtaining viable islets of Langerhans (IL) from the pancreas is a decisive step towards the creation of a TEC EP. The classic method of IL separation is based on enzymatic digestion of pancreatic tissue and further islet purification in ficoll density gradient during centrifugation, which adversely affects the morphofunctional state of IL.The aimof the study was the development of a method for separating viable pancreatic islets from a fragment of human pancreatic tail with different cold ischemia times.Materials and methods.A procedure of IL separation is proposed to be conducted without the use of EP tissue collagenase perfusion in the Ricordi chamber at the stage of IL separation and without ficoll solution with a varying density gradient at the stage of IL purification. Identification of IL obtained was performed by dithizone staining. The IL viability was evaluated using the LIVE/DEAD ® Cell Viability Kit. Histological analysis of the initial material included routine staining methods as well as immunohistochemical staining of the main types of islet cells.Results.The morphological study of the EP fragments at different times of cold ischemia did not reveal significant differences in the histological presentation of the organ parenchyma; the islet structure appeared intact. Vital staining confirmed the separated IL viability in vitro for at least 1–3 days.Conclusion.The proposed method of pancreatic tissue treatment allowed to reduce the number of stages, thereby minimizing the adverse effects of centrifugation and ficoll on the integrity of IL. It is possible to obtain the necessary amount of viable IL from a small EP fragment with the cold ischemia time of up to 19 hours, which can be used to create a TEC of a pancreas.
Heart transplantation waiting list of V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. Trends from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Gautier S. V. , Poptsov V. N. , Koloskova N. N. , Zakharevich V. M. , Shevchenko A. О. , Muminov I. I. , Nikitina E. A. , Kvan V. S. , Halilulin T. A. , Zakiryanov А. R. , Golts А. М. 
Published: January 2019

The aim:to analyze the waiting list for heart transplantation from 2010 to 2017 and to characterize recipients with chronic heart failure III–IV NYHA Class.Methods.The study comprised 997 patients (139 [14%] females and 858 [86%] males) included in the waiting list for heart transplantation the period from January 2010 to December 2017. The average age of patients on the waiting list was 49.0 ± 12.0 (from 10 to 78 years). Before making a decision on inclusion in the waiting list, all patients underwent clinical and instrumental examination, including general clinical studies, echocardiography, measurement of central hemodynamic parameters using a Swan–Gans catheter, computer and/or magnetic resonance imaging of the chest, abdominal and brain.Results.Heart transplantation was performed on 728 patients (99 females – 13.6% and 629 males – 86.4%) including 18 children aged 12 to 17 years (14.18 ± 2.07 years). Mortality in the waiting list in 2010 was 16.1%, compared with 3.2% in 2017.
Basit Perianal Fistül Tedavisinde Fistülotomi Yeterli midir?
Authors: ERŞEN Ogün , AKICI Murat , ÇELİK Girayhan 
Published: January 2019

Amaç: Anal fistüller sık görülen
anorektal problemlerden olup cerrahi olarak tedavi edilebilen bir hastalıktır.
Buna rağmen nükslerde ciddi bir oranda görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada retrospektif
olarak basit perianal fistül nedeniyle opere edilmiş hastalarda nüks üzerine
etkili olan faktörleri incelemeyi amaçladık.

Gereç
ve Yöntem: Bu
çalışmada Afyon Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesinde Ocak 2008-Aralık 2017 arasında
basit perianal fistül tanısıyla fistülotomi uygulanan 269 hasta incelenmiştir.
Çalışmaya alınan olgular yaş, cinsiyet, hastanede yatış süresi, fistül
traktının uzunluğu, komplikasyon ve nüks görülme oranları yönünden değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Olguların 59'u kadın (% 21,9),
210'u erkek (%78) olup, yaş ortalamaları 49,4 idi. Acil ve elektif olarak opere
edilen hastalarda nüks açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0,594). Toplamda
28(%17,8) hastada nüks görüldü. Kadın ve erkek hastalarda nüks açısından
anlamlı fark gözlenmedi (p=0,584). Tüm hastalardaki ortalama fistül traktı
uzunluğu 1,8 cm olarak tespit edildi. Nüks olan hastalardaki fistül traktı
uzunluğu diğer hastalara oranla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde uzun
olduğu tespit edildi (p=0,042). Hastaların hastanede yatış yaptıkları gün
sayısı ortalama 1,3 gündü. 16(%5,9)
hastada postoperatif üriner inkontinans gözlendi. Toplamda 12(%4,4) hastada lokal
enfeksiyon tablosu tespit edildi. Taburculuk sonrası ortalama pansuman/küretaj
sayısının 3 olduğu görüldü. Hiçbir hastamızda fekal inkontinans görülmedi.
Ortalama takip zamanı 45,2 ay olarak saptandı.

Sonuç: Anal fistül cerrahi olarak
tedavi edilebilen ancak basit tiplerinde bile nükslerle seyredebilen bir
hastalıktır. Basit perianal fistüllerde fistülotomi seçilecek en iyi yöntemdir.
Ancak seçilen cerrahi yöntemin yanı sıra, ameliyat sonrası yara bakımı ve yakın
takibin hastalığın nüksü açısından seyri konusunda belirleyici olduğu
kanaatindeyiz.
Treatment for venous aneurysm: A salvage technique of AVF with an early cannulation prosthetic graft
Authors: TÜMER Naim Boran , TEKELİ KUNT Atike , GÜNERTEM Orhan Eren , BABAROĞLU Seyhan , BUDAK Ali Baran , KARAHASANOĞLU Onur , GÜNAYDIN Serdar , ÖZIŞIK Kanat 
Published: January 2019

Aim:
A Venous aneurysm (VA) is one of the complications
of arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and may lead to rupture and potentially fatal
bleeding. VA formation in AVF is mostly seen
in the upper arm. Material and Methods: Between January 2018 and
December 2018, a total of 12 VA patients underwent surgery to end-to-end
anastomosis using a vascular graft. Results: Eight
of the patients (66%) were males, and the mean age was 43.1 years (range 25-69
years). All of the fistulas were in the upper arm; two were basilic
transpositions, and 10 were brachiocephalic AVF. Mean VA diameter was 4,7 cm
(range 3-7 cm). All patients cannulated successfully within 24-48 hours from the
newly placed AV access.

Conclusions:
The procedure we described in this
series is a successful and effective method for the treatment of VA in AFV. Postoperatively, most of the patients discharged early,
and the VA site could be used for HD in 24-48 hours.