bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of adverse childhood experiences and dental care in childhood
Authors: Crouch Elizabeth , Radcliff Elizabeth , Nelson Joni , Strompolis Melissa , Martin Amy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesRoutine preventive dental care is important to overall child health and well‐being. However, the experience of adversity in childhood may prevent children from getting adequate preventive care. This study seeks to explore how the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the role of a protective adult may be associated with dental care utilization in childhood.MethodsData from the 2016 South Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (SC BRFSS), which interviews adults eighteen year of age and older, were used in this study. Dental care utilization in childhood was measured as the adult retrospectively reported frequency of dental care in childhood: at least once every 2 years (adequate dental care) or less often than every 2 years (inadequate dental care). ACEs were determined by asking about each of respondent's childhood exposure to eleven childhood experiences, including divorce, parental incarceration, domestic violence, drug and alcohol abuse, mental illness and emotional, physical or sexual abuse. The presence of a protective adult in childhood included respondents who had an adult who made them feel safe and protected during childhood. Descriptive and bivariate statistics explored differences in the adequacy of child dental care by ACE exposure, the presence of a protective adult and selected demographic characteristics. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the impact of counts and types of ACEs and the presence of a protective adult with inadequate childhood dental care.ResultsThe unweighted study sample included 7079 respondents ageing from 18 to 79 years of age Sampling weights were used for all analyses. Among all respondents, 71.7% reported receiving adequate dental care during childhood; 28.3% responded that they received inadequate dental care. Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, respondents who experienced four or more ACEs had a higher likelihood of inadequate dental care than respondents who reported no ACEs (aOR 2.79; 95% CI 2.77‐2.82). The odds of reporting inadequate dental care were lower among those grew up with an adult who made them feel safe and protected (aOR 0.38; 95% CI 0.37‐0.39).ConclusionsThe presence of protective factors may mitigate the effects of ACEs on paediatric dental care. This research contributes to the literature through the further identification of the role of dentists in identifying signs of abuse and neglect.
Saline suppression test parameters may predict bilateral subtypes of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Hashimura Hikaru , Shen Jimmy , Fuller Peter J. , Chee Nicholas Y. N. , Doery James C. G. , Chong Winston , Choy Kay Weng , Gwini StellaMay , Yang Jun 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe saline suppression test (SST) serves to confirm the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) whilst adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is used to determine whether the aldosterone hypersecretion is unilateral or bilateral. An accurate prediction of bilateral PA based on SST results could reduce the need for AVS.AimWe sought to identify SST parameters that reliably predict bilateral PA.MethodsThe results from 121 patients undergoing SSTs at Monash Health from January 2010 to January 2018 including screening blood tests, imaging, AVS and histopathology results were evaluated. Patients were subtyped into unilateral or bilateral PA based on AVS and surgical outcomes.ResultsOf 113 patients with confirmed PA, 33 had unilateral disease whilst 42 had bilateral disease. In those with bilateral disease, plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was significantly lower post‐SST, together with a significant fall in the aldosterone‐renin ratio (ARR). The combination of PAC < 300 pmol/L and a reduction in ARR post‐SST provided 96.8% specificity in predicting bilateral disease. Eighteen of 39 patients (49%) with bilateral PA could have avoided AVS using these criteria.ConclusionA combination of PAC < 300 pmol/L and a lower ARR post‐SST could reliably predict bilateral PA. An independent cohort will be needed to validate these findings.
Does the 2017 revision improve the ability of GOLD to predict risk of future moderate and severe exacerbation?
Authors: Erol Serhat , Sen Elif , Gizem Kilic Yagmur , Yousif Ahmed , Akkoca Yildiz Oznur , Acican Turan , Saryal Sevgi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionIn 2017 update, GOLD separated spirometry from ABCD classification.ObjectivesThe aim was to investigate the predictive reliability of GOLD 2017 grading system in terms of future moderate and severe exacerbations.MethodsCOPD patients were classified into A to D groups according to GOLD 2011 and 2017. Patients who were assigned to C/D groups according to GOLD 2011 were divided into subgroups C 1/D1, C2/D2, C3/D3 according to FEV1% of predicted and exacerbation history. C1/D1 patients defined as FEV1 < 50% predicted and without ≥2 exacerbations or hospitalization in the last year.ResultsA total of 225 patients were enrolled. Among them, 25.8% were in groups C1/D1 according to GOLD 2011. These patients shifted to A/B according to GOLD 2017. C1/D1 patients had a significantly higher risk of future moderate and severe exacerbation compared to A/B (P = 0.018). The risk of future moderate and severe exacerbation was significantly higher in patients with a FEV1 < 50% (P = 0.018).The risk of future moderate and severe exacerbation was higher in GOLD 2017 groups A and B compared to GOLD 2011 groups A and B.ConclusionLow FEV1 was an important risk factor for future exacerbations. Downstaging of C1/D1 patients caused heterogeneity in A/B with including patients with low and high risk of future exacerbation. This resulted in a low discriminative power of GOLD 2017 regarding the risk of future exacerbation in groups A and B. This may cause underestimation of disease severity and inadequate treatment especially in A/B patients with low FEV1.
Clinical and cytopathological factors affecting the cellularity of urinary cell blocks and the implication for diagnosis and follow‐up of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Brisuda Antonín , Háček Jaromír , Čechová Marcela , Škapa Petr , Babjuk Marek 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe methodology of cell blocks (CBs) has long been an integrated part of cytology. However, there are very few data on CBs derived from urine. Their main disadvantage is a lack of cellularity, which limits their broader clinical applicability. Factors affecting cellular adequacy in urine remain unclear. We assessed the impact of basic clinical and cytopathological factors on the adequacy of cellularity in urinary CBs.MethodsFreshly voided urine was collected from 401 consecutive individuals. Of these, 167 patients were diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma. The remaining 234 patients had various benign urological conditions. Papanicolaou classes were determined and CBs produced. Cellular adequacy was assigned to each CB (acellular, hypocellular, moderate cellularity, high cellularity), and moderately and highly cellular CBs were considered as adequate. Several factors were analysed to find any correlation with the adequacy of the cellularity.ResultsIn univariate analysis, seven factors significantly correlated with the adequacy of the CBs. In the multivariate model, positive sediment (OR = 3.7), female sex (OR = 2.7), positive urinary cytology (OR = 2.6) and positive leucocyturia (OR = 2.1) were independent predictors of adequate cellularity. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the model were 65.0% and 77.7%, respectively.ConclusionsWe determined four clinical and cytopathological factors which independently predict adequate cellularity in urinary CBs. Based on these results, several clinical situations have been proposed, in which the highest probability of adequate cellularity in urinary CBs can be achieved.
Willingness to use an in‐hospital supervised inhalation room among people who smoke crack cocaine in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Cortina Sandra , Kennedy Mary Clare , Dong Huiru , Fairbairn Nadia , Hayashi Kanna , Milloy M‐J , Kerr Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPeople who use illicit drugs (PWUD) often engage in drug use during hospitalisation. Adverse outcomes may arise from efforts to conceal inpatient drug use, especially in hospital settings that rely on abstinence‐based policies. Harm reduction interventions, including supervised drug consumption services, have not been well studied in hospital settings. This study examines factors associated with willingness to use an in‐hospital supervised inhalation room (SIR) among people who smoke crack cocaine in Vancouver, Canada.Design and MethodsCross‐sectional data from two open prospective cohorts of PWUD involving people who smoke crack cocaine were collected between June 2013 and May 2014. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with willingness to use an in‐hospital SIR.ResultsAmong 539 participants, 320 (59.4%) reported willingness to use an in‐hospital SIR. Independent factors positively associated with willingness included: ever used drugs in hospital [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.89], and daily non‐injection crack use (AOR = 1.63). Difficulty accessing new crack pipes (AOR = 0.51) was negatively associated with willingness (all P < 0.05). The most commonly reported reasons for willingness were to: remain in hospital (50.6%), reduce drug‐related risks (25.6%) and reduce the stress of hospital discharge for using drugs (24.7%).Discussion and ConclusionsA high proportion of people who smoke crack cocaine reported willingness to use an in‐hospital SIR, and those willing were more likely to report heavy drug use and previous in‐hospital use. These findings highlight the potential utility of SIRs to complement existing in‐hospital services for PWUD.
Vertikale Übertragung des Herpes‐simplex‐Virus: eine Aktualisierung
Authors: Bhatta Anil Kumar , Keyal Uma , Liu Yeqiang , Gellen Emese 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungInfektionen mit den Herpes‐simplex‐Viren (HSV)‐1 und ‐2 haben weltweit eine hohe Prävalenz. Eine HSV‐Infektion während der Schwangerschaft kann eine neonatale Herpes‐Infektion verursachen, die durch eine lebenslange Infektion mit Latenz‐ und Reaktivierungsperioden gekennzeichnet ist. Ein Säugling kann sich in utero (5 %), peripartal (85 %) oder postnatal (10 %) mit dem HS‐Virus infizieren. Herpes neonatorum ist eine seltene aber bedeutsame Infektion, die mit schwerer Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert sein kann, insbesondere bei Dissemination oder Beteiligung des zentralen Nervensystems. Fortschritte bei Diagnose und Therapie haben zur Verringerung der Mortalität sowie, in geringerem Ausmaß, zu einem verbesserten neurologischen Outcome geführt. Dennoch sind weitere Verbesserungen wünschenswert. Dabei ist es entscheidend, Ärzte in die Lage zu versetzen, diejenigen Säuglinge, die einem erhöhten Risiko einer HSV‐Infektion ausgesetzt sind, zu erkennen und die Mutter‐Kind‐Übertragung effektiver zu verhindern. Ein lohnendes Ziel für die Zukunft ist die Entwicklung neuer antiviraler Wirkstoffe mit höherer Wirksamkeit.
Was ist Schuppenflechte? – Wahrnehmung und Bewertung der Psoriasis in der deutschen Bevölkerung
Authors: Sommer Rachel , Mrowietz Ulrich , Radtke Marc Alexander , Schäfer Ines , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Strömer Klaus , Enk Alexander , Maul Julia‐Tatjana , Reich Kristian , Zander Nicole , Augustin Matthias 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Versorgung der Psoriasis vulgaris nimmt in der Dermatologie einen wichtigen Stellenwert ein. Im Zuge der WHO‐Resolution 2014 und des WHO Global Reports 2016 hat die öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit für die Psoriasis zugenommen. Unklar ist, wie Psoriasis in der Allgemeinbevölkerung wahrgenommen wird. Ziel ist die Erfassung der Wahrnehmung und Bewertung von Psoriasis in der Bevölkerung.Patienten und MethodenRepräsentative Telefonumfrage mit 2001 Erwachsenen mittels eines standardisierten Fragebogens. Die Auswertungen erfolgten deskriptiv nach Region, Alter, Geschlecht und Bildungsstatus.ErgebnisseDie Begriffe Psoriasis bzw. Schuppenflechte waren 29 % bzw. 86 % der Befragten, bekannt. 93 % schätzten die Krankheit als sehr belastend für die Betroffenen ein, 59 % nahmen an, dass es wirksame Medikamente gegen Schuppenflechte gibt und 9 % hielten diese Erkrankung für ansteckend. 10 % würden nicht mit einer betroffenen Person im Haushalt leben wollen, 23 % nicht mit Betroffenen ins Schwimmbad gehen und 27 % nicht in einer Partnerschaft sein. 12 % gaben an, die WHO‐Resolution zur Psoriasis zu kennen, 6 % den Weltpsoriasistag und 3 % die Kampagne „Bitte berühren“.SchlussfolgerungenWenngleich einer Mehrheit in der deutschen Bevölkerung die Schuppenflechte bekannt ist, bestehen deutliche Wissensdefizite und teilweise Vorurteile gegenüber dieser Erkrankung. Weitergehende Maßnahmen zur besseren Information und zur Minderung der Stigmatisierung sind notwendig.
Tumoren der Kopfhaut
Authors: Prodinger Christine Maria , Koller Josef , Laimer Martin 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungKopfhauttumoren zeigen ein beeindruckend breites, heterogenes Entitätsspektrum und nicht selten relevante lokalisationsbezogene Eigenheiten im Vergleich zu ihren Pendants am restlichen Integument. Wiewohl großenteils benigner Natur, können erschwerte Einsehbarkeit und verzögerte Wahrnehmung, lokale anatomische Verhältnisse, verstärkte Exposition gegenüber (exogenen) Noxen, distinkte histomorphologische Muster wie auch das häufig vorgeschrittene Alter der Betroffenen die Behandlung zu einer diagnostischen und therapeutischen Herausforderung werden lassen. Letztes gilt umso mehr für die seltenen bösartigen Tumoren an der Kopfhaut mit häufig schlechter Prognose. Interdisziplinär akkordierte Behandlungsstrategien sind deshalb von besonderer kontextualer Relevanz. Vor diesem komplexen Hintergrund werden allgemeine Prinzipien und relevante Spezifika der wichtigsten Kopfhauttumoren dargestellt.
Attention to faces in social context in children with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Lewis Amelia K , Porter Melanie A , Williams Tracey A , Bzishvili Samantha , North Kathryn N , Payne Jonathan M 
Published: June 2018

AimTo examine visual attention to faces within social scenes in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and typically developing peers.MethodUsing eye‐tracking technology we investigated the time taken to fixate on a face and the percentage of time spent attending to faces relative to the rest of the screen within social scenes in 24 children with NF1 (17 females, seven males; mean age 10y 4mo [SD 1y 9mo]). Results were compared with those of 24 age‐matched typically developing controls (11 females, 13 males; mean age 10y 3mo [SD 2y]).ResultsThere was no significant between‐group differences in time taken to initially fixate on a face (p=0.617); however, children with NF1 spent less time attending to faces within scenes than controls (p=0.048). Decreased attention to faces was associated with elevated autism traits in children with NF1.InterpretationChildren with NF1 spend less time attending to faces than typically developing children when presented in social scenes. Our findings contribute to a growing body of literature suggesting that abnormal face processing is a key aspect of the social‐cognitive phenotype of NF1 and appears to be related to autism spectrum disorder traits. Clinicians should consider the impact of reduced attention to faces when designing and implementing treatment programmes for social dysfunction in this population.What this paper adds

Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) demonstrated atypical gaze behaviour when attending to faces.

NF1 gaze behaviour was characterized by normal initial fixation on faces but shorter face dwell time.

Decreased attention to faces was associated with elevated autism traits in the sample with NF1.
Does reason for referral to an ultra‐high risk clinic predict transition to psychosis?
Authors: Rice Simon , Polari Andrea , Thompson Andrew , Hartmann Jessica , McGorry Patrick , Nelson Barnaby 
Published: June 2018

AimTo examine reasons for referral to a specialist ultra‐high risk (UHR) for psychosis clinic and whether these reasons are associated with risk for subsequent transition to psychosis.MethodsData for 127 patients referred to the Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation clinic were collected by medical record audit. Time to transition to psychosis was calculated from date of referral to time at which the young person was judged by their treating team to be experiencing onset of first episode psychosis.ResultsPatients were primarily referred due to attenuated psychotic symptoms and depression (40.2%). There was an association with transition, with those in the attenuated psychotic‐symptom‐only category being more likely to transition.ConclusionAs well as attenuated psychotic symptoms, depression and anxiety were also important reasons for referral indicating that there is a broad clinical phenotype of young people presenting to UHR clinics. Clinical reason for referral may index level of risk for subsequent transition to psychosis.
Detection of convulsive seizures using surface electromyography
Authors: Beniczky Sándor , Conradsen Isa , Wolf Peter 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBilateral (generalized) tonic–clonic seizures (TCS) increase the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), especially when patients are unattended. In sleep, TCS often remain unnoticed, which can result in suboptimal treatment decisions. There is a need for automated detection of these major epileptic seizures, using wearable devices. Quantitative surface electromyography (EMG) changes are specific for TCS and characterized by a dynamic evolution of low‐ and high‐frequency signal components. Algorithms targeting increase in high‐frequency EMG signals constitute biomarkers of TCS; they can be used both for seizure detection and for differentiating TCS from convulsive nonepileptic seizures. Two large‐scale, blinded, prospective studies demonstrated the accuracy of wearable EMG devices for detecting TCS with high sensitivity (76%‐100%). The rate of false alarms (0.7‐2.5/24 h) needs further improvement. This article summarizes the pathophysiology of muscle activation during convulsive seizures and reviews the published evidence on the accuracy of EMG‐based seizure detection.
Seizure detection using scalp‐EEG
Authors: Baumgartner Christoph , Koren Johannes P. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryScalp electroencephalography (EEG)–based seizure‐detection algorithms applied in a clinical setting should detect a broad range of different seizures with high sensitivity and selectivity and should be easy to use with identical parameter settings for all patients. Available algorithms provide sensitivities between 75% and 90%. EEG seizure patterns with short duration, low amplitude, circumscribed focal activity, high frequency, and unusual morphology as well as EEG seizure patterns obscured by artifacts are generally difficult to detect. Therefore, detection algorithms generally perform worse on seizures of extratemporal origin as compared to those of temporal lobe origin. Specificity (false‐positive alarms) varies between 0.1 and 5 per hour. Low false‐positive alarm rates are of critical importance for acceptance of algorithms in a clinical setting. Reasons for false‐positive alarms include physiological and pathological interictal EEG activities as well as various artifacts. To achieve a stable, reproducible performance (especially concerning specificity), algorithms need to be tested and validated on a large amount of EEG data comprising a complete temporal assessment of all interictal EEG. Patient‐specific algorithms can further improve sensitivity and specificity but need parameter adjustments and training for individual patients. Seizure alarm systems need to provide on‐line calculation with short detection delays in the order of few seconds. Scalp‐EEG–based seizure detection systems can be helpful in an everyday clinical setting in the epilepsy monitoring unit, but at the current stage cannot replace continuous supervision of patients and complete visual review of the acquired data by specially trained personnel. In an outpatient setting, application of scalp‐EEG–based seizure‐detection systems is limited because patients won't tolerate wearing widespread EEG electrode arrays for long periods in everyday life. Recently developed subcutaneous EEG electrodes may offer a solution in this respect.
Heart rate variability in epilepsy: A potential biomarker of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy risk
Authors: Myers Kenneth A. , Bello‐Espinosa Luis E. , Symonds Joseph D. , Zuberi Sameer M. , Clegg Robin , Sadleir Lynette G. , Buchhalter Jeffrey , Scheffer Ingrid E. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a tragic and devastating event for which the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood; this study investigated whether abnormalities in heart rate variability (HRV) are linked to SUDEP in patients with epilepsy due to mutations in sodium channel (SCN) genes.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated HRV in epilepsy patients using electroencephalographic studies to study the potential contribution of autonomic dysregulation to SUDEP risk. We extracted HRV data, in wakefulness and sleep, from 80 patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy, including 40 patients with mutations in SCN genes and 40 control patients with non‐SCN drug‐resistant epilepsy. From the SCN group, 10 patients had died of SUDEP. We compared HRV between SUDEP and non‐SUDEP groups, specifically studying awake HRV and sleep:awake HRV ratios.ResultsThe SUDEP patients had the most severe autonomic dysregulation, showing lower awake HRV and either extremely high or extremely low ratios of sleep‐to‐awake HRV in a subgroup analysis. A secondary analysis comparing the SCN and non‐SCN groups indicated that autonomic dysfunction was slightly worse in the SCN epilepsy group.SignificanceThese findings suggest that autonomic dysfunction is associated with SUDEP risk in patients with epilepsy due to sodium channel mutations. The relationship of HRV to SUDEP merits further study; HRV may eventually have potential as a biomarker of SUDEP risk, which would allow for more informed counseling of patients and families, and also serve as a useful outcome measure for research aimed at developing therapies and interventions to reduce SUDEP risk.
Modelling a smart environment for nonintrusive analysis of attention in the workplace
Authors: Durães Dalila , Carneiro Davide , Bajo Javier , Novais Paulo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNowadays, the world is getting increasingly competitive and the quality and the amount of the work presented are one of the decisive factors when choosing an employee. It is no longer necessary to only perform but, to achieve a product with quality, on time, at the lowest possible cost and with the minimum resources. For this reason, the employee must have a high score of attention when performing a task, and the factors that influence attention negatively must be reduced. This is true in many different domains, from the workplace to the classroom. In this paper, we present a nonintrusive smart environment for monitoring people's attention when working in teams. The presented system provides real time information about each individual and information about the team. It can be very useful for team managers to identify potentially distracting events or individuals because when the attention of an individual is not at its best when performing the proposed task, her/his performance will be negatively affected, with consequences for the individual and for the organization.