bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WeChat: An applicable and flexible social app software for mobile teaching
Authors: Tu Shuo , Yan Xiaohua , Jie Kemin , Ying Muying , Huang Chunhong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe rapid development and popularization of smart phones and mobile internet has created a new social lifestyle, and correspondingly prompts the transformation of network teaching from desktop computer to mobile teaching. This article has compared the pros and cons of Tsinghua Education Online and WeChat official account (WOA) in fulfilling teaching functions. We also described the construction of WOA platform with the example of WOA‐based teaching in biochemistry and molecular biology. The platform can establish nearly 75 menu catalogs and 2,250 items, which is capable for the publication of any types of teaching materials and information. The WOA teaching is well accepted and becomes popular in China due to the free, interactive, attractive, adaptable, portable, sustainable, and more participatory teaching styles. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):555–560, 2018.
“Test‐enhanced” focused self‐directed learning after the teaching modules in biochemistry
Authors: Bobby Zachariah , Meiyappan Kavitha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFocused self‐directed learning is very much essential at present in medical education to catch‐up with the increasing information load. Cognitive psychology laboratory studies show that repeated testing of information produces superior retention relative to repeated study. The overall goal of this intervention was to evaluate the effectiveness of “Test enhanced learning” in the form of “Open book examination” as a formative assessment in Biochemistry when compared to “Self‐study.” Three exercises were carried out after the regular teaching sessions on different topics in biochemistry for the first year MBBS students. A multiple choice questions based pretest was conducted after the regular lecture classes on a topic but before the revision exercise. The students were subjected “Open book examination” with short answer questions for a period of 1 hour. A posttest was done with the same set of MCQs after the revision exercises. The gain score of “Open book examination” was compared with that of “Self study.” Feedback from the students was taken. The isolated results from each of the three exercises conducted and their combined results supported the hypothesis that “Test enhanced learning” in the form of open book examination is a superior form of learning process than self‐study for assimilation of knowledge. Most of the students opined that the “Open book examination” enhanced their self directed focused learning process. The students felt that “Open book examination” is more beneficial than “Self study” in reinforcing the learning concepts after regular didactic lectures. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):472–477, 2018.
User‐friendly tool kits for protein gel electrophoresis techniques: A training program for high school students
Authors: Maurye Praveen , Basu Arpita , Sen Sohini , Biswas Jayanta Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Tapas Kumar , Naskar Malay 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent advancements in biochemical sciences have helped the researchers to explore the molecular logic of life inclusive of its multifarious expressions and explain many facts about the structure and functions of cellular macromolecules. Due to its simple and cost‐effective nature, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) has become the most favored technique for qualitative and quantitative examination of macromolecules. Major drawbacks of such modifications are the cost and operational complexities faced by naïve students. Many interlinking laboratory equipment are needed in the school laboratories for the conduct of even simple scientific experiment. Some of these costly modern equipment are inaccessible for students of small laboratories, and their alternatives are not easily available. Many of these laboratory equipment required for routine gel electrophoresis technique can be fabricated in their simplest form using off‐the‐shelf components. A short term biochemistry training program was executed for high school students to provide them “hands‐on” training using newly modified equipment, which was proved to be an exciting way of learning biochemical gel separation techniques. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):566–577, 2018.
Anticipated learning outcomes for a biochemistry course‐based undergraduate research experience aimed at predicting protein function from structure: Implications for assessment design
Authors: Irby Stefan M. , Pelaez Nancy J. , Anderson Trevor R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeveral course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) have been published in the literature. However, only limited attempts have been made to rigorously identify the discovery‐type research abilities that students actually develop during such experiences. Instead, there has been a greater focus on technical or procedural‐type knowledge or general CURE skills that are too comprehensive to effectively assess. Before the extent of discovery‐type learning outcomes can be established in students (termed verified learning outcomes or VLOs), it is important to rigorously identify the anticipated learning outcomes (ALOs) and to then develop student assessments that target each ALO to reveal the nature of such student learning. In this article we present a matrix of 43 ALOs, or course‐based undergraduate research abilities (CURAs), that instructors anticipate students will develop during a recently‐developed biochemistry CURE focusing on the prediction of protein function from structure. The CURAs were identified using the process for identifying course‐based undergraduate research abilities (PICURA) and classified into seven distinct themes that enabled the characterization of the CURE and a comparison to other published inventories of research competencies and CURE aspects. These themes and the CURE protocols aligning to the CURAs were used to form the ALO matrix that was, in turn, used to inform the design of an assessment that revealed evidence that a student had developed some of the targeted CURAs. Future research will focus on further assessment development that targets other identified CURAs. This approach has potential applications to other CUREs both in biochemistry and other science disciplines. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):478–492, 2018.
Localized and adaptive soft sensor based on an extreme learning machine with automated self‐correction strategies
Authors: Poerio Dominic V. , Brown Steven D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA novel, nonlinear soft sensor based on a localized, adaptive single‐layer feedforward neural network with random hidden layer weights, also called an extreme learning machine, combined with the recursive partial least squares algorithm to update the linear output layer weights, is explored. The soft sensor is highly adaptive with minimal operator input, and automated mechanisms are included to self‐correct numerous aspects of the underlying model. For instance, mechanisms are put in place to automatically select an optimized local model region describing the current process dynamics from the historical data when the current prediction error reaches an adaptively computed threshold. Additionally, the new soft sensor simultaneously employs an ensemble of models with diverse recursive partial least squares forgetting factors with automated and adaptive reweighting of the models in the ensemble, thus enabling real‐time model memory adjustment. The validity of the method is shown by comparison with numerous other soft sensor methods for the prediction of the activity of a polymerization catalyst.
Post‐transplantation employment status of adult survivors of childhood allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant: A report from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR)
Authors: Bhatt Neel S. , Brazauskas Ruta , Tecca Heather R. , Carreras Jeanette , Burns Linda J. , Phelan Rachel , Salit Rachel B. , Syrjala Karen L. , Talano Julie‐An M. , Shaw Bronwen E. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundData are scarce regarding employment outcomes of survivors of childhood allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) and the factors that affect their employment status.MethodsBy using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database, the authors studied employment outcomes of ≥1‐year survivors of childhood alloHCT who were age ≥18 years at their most recent assessment (year of transplantation, 1985‐2010). Employment status was assessed at their attained ages (ages 18‐22, 23‐27, and 28‐32 years) and according to transplantation center (TC) location (United States or International). A multivariable analysis assessing the factors that affected employed status (full‐time/part‐time work or student) was performed.ResultsUnemployment rates among 2844 survivors were persistently high at all attained ages (United States TCs: ages 18‐22 [14%], 23‐27 [15%], and 28‐32 [13%] years; International TCs: ages 18‐22 [56%], 23‐27 [53%], and 28‐32 [68%] years). The factors associated a with higher likelihood of employment included: older age at alloHCT (ages 5‐9‐years: hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65‐2.6; ages 10‐14 years: HR, 4.43; 95% CI, 3.58‐5.47; ages 15‐18‐years: HR, 7.13; 95% CI, 5.72‐8.88), myeloablative conditioning without total body irradiation (TBI) (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.38‐1.77), reduced‐intensity conditioning with TBI (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.8) or without TBI (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 2.15‐2.92), and US‐based TC (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.62‐2.08).ConclusionsYoung adult survivors of childhood alloHCT have high unemployment rates at all studied attained ages after HCT. Future efforts should be directed toward understanding the causes of unemployment their and relation to quality of life using patient‐reported outcome measures.
A survey of real‐time capabilities in functional languages and compilers
Authors: Murphy Jeffrey C , Shivkumar Bhargav , Pritchard Amy , Iraci Grant , Kumar Dhruv , Kim Sun Hyoung , Ziarek Lukasz 
Published: October 2018

SummaryFunctional programming languages play an important role in the development of correct software systems. As embedded devices become pervasive and perform critical tasks in our lives, their reliability becomes paramount. This presents a natural opportunity to explore the application of functional programming languages to systems that demand highly predictable behavior. In this paper, we explore existing functional programming language compilers and their applicability to real‐time embedded systems. We do this by defining important characteristics needed by a real‐time programming language and survey how well existing languages meet these characteristics. We conduct empirical analysis of language runtimes in order to assess the impact of dynamic memory management on predictability and performance. Lastly, we review different programming models for expressing real‐time considerations in applications.
Are we witnessing the spectre of an HPC meltdown?
Authors: Vergara Larrea Verónica G. , Brim Michael J. , Joubert Wayne , Boehm Swen , Baker Matthew , Hernandez Oscar , Oral Sarp , Simmons James , Maxwell Don 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWe measure and analyze the performance observed when running applications and benchmarks before and after the Meltdown and Spectre fixes have been applied to the Cray supercomputers and supporting systems at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF). Of particular interest is the effect of these fixes on applications selected from the OLCF portfolio when running at scale. This comprehensive study presents results from experiments run on Titan, Eos, Cumulus, and Percival supercomputers at the OLCF. The results from this study are useful for HPC users running on Cray supercomputers and serve to better understand the impact that these two vulnerabilities have on diverse HPC workloads at scale.
Cost‐minimizing online algorithm for internet green data centers on multi‐source energy
Authors: He Huaiwen , Shen Hong , Liang Dieyan 
Published: October 2018

SummaryHuge energy consumption of large‐scale cloud data centers damages environments with excessive carbon emission. More and more data center operators are seeking to reduce carbon footprint via various types of renewable energy. However, the intermittent availability of renewable energy sources makes it quite challenging to cooperate with dynamically arriving workload. Meanwhile, the different natures (eg, price and carbon emission) of multiple energy sources also bring more challenges to achieve an optimal trade‐off among carbon emission, power cost, and service level agreement (SLA). In this paper, we study the problem of reducing the long‐term energy cost for geo‐distributed cloud centers, where multiple sources of renewable energy are considered and SLA requirement and carbon budget are satisfied. To tackle the randomness of workload arrival, varying electricity price, and intermittent supply of renewable energy, we first formulate the cost minimization problem as a constraint stochastic optimization problem. Second, based on Lyapunov optimization technique, we propose an online control algorithm to solve it and provide the rigorous theory analysis to demonstrate its performance. By converting the long‐term optimization problem to a mixed integer linear programming problem in each time slot, we analyze its inherent structure and propose an efficient algorithm to solve it based on Brenner's method. Our proposed algorithm makes online decisions rely only on the current system state and achieve
cost emission trade‐off. Finally, the effectiveness of our algorithm is evaluated by extensive simulations based on real‐world data traces.
Isolation and Whole‐Genome Sequencing of Environmental Campylobacter
Authors: Kelley Brittni R. , Ellis J. Christopher , Hyatt Doug , Jacobson Dan , Johnson Jeremiah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs a leading cause of bacterial‐derived gastroenteritis worldwide, Campylobacter has a significant impact on human health. In the developed world, most campylobacteriosis cases are attributed to the consumption of undercooked, contaminated poultry; however, it has been shown that Campylobacter can be transmitted to humans through contaminated water and other types of food, including beef and milk. As such, high‐resolution microbial source‐tracking is essential for health department officials to determine the source(s) of Campylobacter outbreaks. For these reasons, this protocol provides the techniques needed for isolation of Campylobacter from agricultural and environmental sources, as well as human clinical specimens. Additionally, we describe a simple method for preparing high‐quality genomic DNA that can be used for whole‐genome sequencing and downstream bioinformatics analyses of Campylobacter genotypes. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Morphogenic Regulator‐Mediated Transformation of Maize Inbred B73
Authors: Mookkan Muruganantham , Nelson‐Vasilchik Kimberly , Hague Joel , Kausch Albert , Zhang Zhanyuan J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMaize B73 is a reference genome and has long been a major resource for genetics and molecular biology research. We have developed an efficient B73 transformation protocol by enabling somatic embryogenesis through differential co‐expression of maize morphogenic regulators BBM and WUS2. We describe a successful protocol that utilizes Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1 harboring binary vector PHP78891 that comprises a BBM and WUS2 expression cassette as well as a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter cassette. The PHP78891 vector also contains, within the T‐DNA region, a CRE/lox recombination system flanking the CRE/BBM/WUS2 co‐expression cassette driven by the desiccation inducible RAB17 promoter that allows removal of the BBM/WUS2 cassette. Introduction and co‐expression of BBM and WUS2 induced direct somatic embryogenesis (SE) in non‐regenerable maize B73 from immature embryo explants. Removal of the CRE/BBM/WUS2 cassette is essential to allow regeneration to fertile plants. The GFP expression cassette outside the lox excision sites is retained in the transgenic plant genome, allowing subsequent phenotypic analysis of calli and regenerated transgenic events. This transformation system enables a selectable marker‐free transformation process by taking advantage of BBM/WUS2‐induced SE as a developmental selection system. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Methoxy‐Substituted Difluoroboron Benzoylacetonate Complexes with Color‐Tunable Phosphorescence
Authors: DeRosa Christopher A. , Daly Margaret L. , Kerr Caroline , Fraser Cassandra L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDifluoroboron β‐diketonates (BF2bdks) exhibit fluorescence (F) and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix. Fluorescence color tuning has been achieved by dye loading or bdk ligand modification, namely substituent effects or extended conjugation. In this study, color‐tunable RTP (450–570 nm) is achieved with 1‐benzoylacetonate derivatives by varying the number and position of methoxy groups on the benzene ring. The methoxy groups can be used to alter the energy levels of the dye or induce geometry changes (e. g. twisting) to disrupt π‐conjugation. The dyes were evaluated theoretically with density functional theory (DFT) and spectroscopy (absorbance and fluorescence) in CH2Cl2 solution and dilute PLA blends. These findings inform future boron‐based lighting devices and oxygen‐sensing bioprobe designs.
Blood‐based biopsies—clinical utility beyond circulating tumor cells
Authors: Tang Cha‐Mei , Zhu Peixuan , Li Shuhong , Makarova Olga V. , Amstutz Platte T. , Adams Daniel L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs), epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) cells, as well as a number of circulating cancer stromal cells (CStCs) are known to shed into the blood of cancer patients. Individually, and together, these cells provide biological and clinical information about the cancers. Filtration is a method used to isolate all of these cells, while eliminating red and white blood cells from whole peripheral blood. We have previously shown that accurate identification of these cell types is paramount to proper clinical assessment by describing the overlapping phenotypes of CTCs to one such CStC, the cancer‐associated macrophage‐like cell (CAML). We report that CAMLs possess a number of parallel applications to CTCs but have a broader range of clinical utility, including cancer screening, companion diagnostics, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of treatment response, and detection of recurrence. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
Fluorescence lifetime shifts of NAD(P)H during apoptosis measured by time‐resolved flow cytometry
Authors: Alturkistany Faisal , Nichani Kapil , Houston Kevin D. , Houston Jessica P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAutofluorescence from the intracellular metabolite, NAD(P)H, is a biomarker that is widely used and known to reliably screen and report metabolic activity as well as metabolic fluctuations within cells. As a ubiquitous endogenous fluorophore, NAD(P)H has a unique rate of fluorescence decay that is altered when bound to coenzymes. In this work we measure the shift in the fluorescence decay, or average fluorescence lifetime (1–3 ns), of NAD(P)H and correlate this shift to changes in metabolism that cells undergo during apoptosis. Our measurements are made with a flow cytometer designed specifically for fluorescence lifetime acquisition within the ultraviolet to violet spectrum. Our methods involved culture, treatment, and preparation of cells for cytometry and microscopy measurements. The evaluation we performed included observations and quantification of the changes in endogenous emission owing to the induction of apoptosis as well as changes in the decay kinetics of the emission measured by flow cytometry. Shifts in NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime were observed as early as 15 min post‐treatment with an apoptosis inducing agent. Results also include a phasor analysis to evaluate free to bound ratios of NAD(P)H at different time points. We defined the free to bound ratios as the ratio of ‘short‐to‐long’ (S/L) fluorescence lifetime, where S/L was found to consistently decrease with an increase in apoptosis. With a quantitative framework such as phasor analysis, the short and long lifetime components of NAD(P)H can be used to map the cycling of free and bound NAD(P)H during the early‐to‐late stages of apoptosis. The combination of lifetime screening and phasor analyses provides the first step in high throughput metabolic profiling of single cells and can be leveraged for screening and sorting for a range of applications in biomedicine. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Neural correlates of delay of gratification choice in young children: Near‐infrared spectroscopy studies
Authors: Moriguchi Yusuke , Shinohara Ikuko , Yanaoka Kaichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDelay of gratification refers to the ability to forgo a small immediate reward to obtain a larger delayed reward. Cognitive mechanisms underlying the delay of gratification in young children have been examined extensively. However, the neural mechanism of this process is largely unknown. The present study examined whether inferior prefrontal regions play an important role in the delay of gratification choice paradigm in young children. Preschool children were given a choice version of a delay of gratification task, and their neural activation during the task was assessed using near‐infrared spectroscopy in cross‐sectional (Study 1) and longitudinal designs (Study 2). Results revealed the activation of the right inferior prefrontal regions of children during the task in both studies. Specifically, the inferior prefrontal regions of the children were activated during immediate choices but not during delay choices. This study is the first to demonstrate the neural correlates of the delay of gratification in young children. We discuss how the right inferior prefrontal regions of preschool children are activated during the delay of gratification.