bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Self Hypnosis in the Management of Hemophilia in Children
Authors: Olness K.N. , Singher L.J. 
Published: May 2019

A group of families with hemophiliac children were given the opportunity to learn techniques of self hypnosis to alleviate anxiety, discomfort, pain, and hopefully to reduce their requirement for replacement therapy. These families have met on a monthly basis for twenty-four months. Initially, children and later their parents, were taught standard techniques for inducing self hypnosis. Children were specifically taught to control perceptions of pain and discomfort and were taught to give themselves suggestions to reduce bleeding. Parents were given suggestions for generalized relaxation.Children, as young as three years, clearly demonstrated their ability to selectively turn off or reduce their perception of pain in designated extremities. Their unsolicited statements indicated increased comfort during procedures and their belief that they were able to reduce the number and/or duration of bleeding episodes.We have concluded that this beneficial adjunct therapy in hemophilia is readily learned and followed through by hemophiliac children and their families.
Clinical Severity, Personality Characteristics and Maternal Attitudes in Hemophiliac Children
Authors: Ackerman L.L. , Verrecchio J. , Charney D.S. , Strickler E.M. 
Published: May 2019

The interrelationships of severity of hemophilia, personality characteristics, and maternal attitudes were evaluated in 21 hemophiliac boys and 17 of their mothers. The 8 to 11 year old boys were given the Children’s Personality Questionnaire and those between 12 and 18, the Junior-Senior High School Personality Questionnaire. The mothers were administered the Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation which measured maternal attitudes of four scales; Acceptance (A), Overprotection (OP), Overindulgence (OI), and Rejection (R).Results were analyzed by comparing children with Factor VIII levels >1% (N=10) to those whose levels were <1% (N=ll) as determined on more than one occasion. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of personality characteristics or maternal attitudes.Results were also analyzed by comparing those children (N=6) who had accepting mothers (A> 60, OI < 30, OP < 30, R < 30) with those of non-accepting mothers (N=ll). The children of the non-accepting mothers (mean Factor VIII levels 3.0%) were significantly more sober (P<.02), and internally restrained (P <.01) and tended to be less intelligent and less emotionally stable than the children of accepting mothers (mean Factor VIII level 1.5%).These findings suggest that personality characteristics may be more closely related to maternal attitudes than severity of disease. Future studies should identify and focus on determinants of maternal attitudes.
Sgot Elevations and Hepatitis B Infections in Hemophiliacs
Authors: Eyster E. , Haverstick J. , Plotkin S. 
Published: May 2019

SGOT, Hepatitis B surface antigen (Ag) and antibody (Ab) were performed at yearly or twice yearly intervals for 1-2 years on 75 hemophiliacs receiving an average of 40,000 Factor VIII units per patient per year. Of 42 receiving >10,000 VIII units on 5 or more days per year, 38 (90%) had SGOT elevations. In 30 (71%), abnormalities were recurrent. Of 33 receiving less Factor VIII, only 10 (30%) had recurrent SGOT elevations; all 10 had either Ab or persistent Ag.Fifteen patients received only cryoprecipitate. In 3/5 receiving >50 bags on 5 or more days per year, SGOT elevations persisted; one had persistent Ag and one had Ab. None of the 10 receiving less cryo had persistent SGOT elevations; 5 had Ab.Sixty-three (84%) were Ab pos. Recurrent SGOT elevations were seen in 35/63 (55%), including 7 with Ab titers >1000. Seven patients were Ab neg; none had an ↑ SGOT. All but one with agammaglobulinemia had received <50 transfusions per lifetime and <5000 VIII units on <3 days that year. Five of the 7 had received only cryo. Five patients (6%) were persistently Ag pos; all had persistent SGOT elevations.It was concluded that SGOT elevations in hemophiliacs were related to the frequency and intensity of Factor VIII infusions, and were regularly seen in patients receiving >10,000 VIII units or >50 bags of cryo on 5 or more days per year. Patients with Ab frequently had SGOT elevations while those with no Ab usually did not. Ab (or Ag) was found in 58/60 patients who received concentrate compared to 10/15 who received cryo only (p <.005).
The Use of Fibroseal in Hemophilic Cysts - A Case Report
Authors: Anderle K. , Böhler Wien N. , Baudo F. , de Cataldo F. , Silvello L. 
Published: May 2019

Based on the good results achieved with a fibrin-sealing-system consisting of a high concentrated fibrinogen-containing plasma fraction, thrombin, and calcium chloride in animal experiments and in patients suffering from bone tumors, this sealing method was used for the first time in a severe hemophiliac. Due to a massive, fractured hemophilic cyst in the proximal part of the right femur this patient had been unable to walk for months.Combining homologous and autologous bone transplantation, fibroseal, and osteo synthesis, it was possible to avoid amputation. At present, the patient is following a rehabilitation program.The result in this case and experience gained from earlier studies indicate that the use of fibroseal for bone reconstruction offers a new approach to orthopaedic problems in hemophilia patients.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Testing in Plasmapheresis Donors
Authors: McAuley Clyde B. 
Published: May 2019

It is well recognized that the safety of biological products prepared from blood, such as ProfilateR, a freeze-dried factor VIII concentrate, may be increased by testing for hepatitis B surface antigen.Abbott Laboratories has been routinely screening all plasma donations for hepatitis B surface antigen since January, 1971. Originally, the screening was performed using the second generation counter-immunoelectrophoresis technique, AUS-tect. In April, 1973, the counter-immunoelectrophoresis testing was replaced with the more sensitive third generation radioimmunoassay technique, Aus-RIA, for routine hepatitis B surface antigen testing. The most sensitive current radioimmunoassay technique, Aus-RIA II, has been used since February, 1975. This presentation will review the results of six years of testing experience. The data indicate that the incidence of positive donors in the commercial plasmapheresis system is 1.4 per 1,000, similar to that reported for a volunteer blood program.
Four Years’ Follow-Up Study of Liver Function of Haemophiliacs
Authors: Panicucci F. , Baicchi U. , Sagripanti A. 
Published: May 2019

By physical and biochemical examinations 112 patients with severe haemophilia A or B and 24 with mild to moderate forms were studied to determine the incidence of liver damage, which may have resulted from commercial concentrate therapy.Data of the follow-up study during a period of 4 years showed transiently elevated values of SGOT and SGPT in 100 patients, persistently elevated values in 14 and normal values in 22 patients. Test for hepatitis B antigen was positive in 9 patients. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly or both were found in 15 patients. Acute hepatitis with jaundice was reported by 23 patients, 17 of whom still showed abnormal enzyme tests. Chronic active hepatitis was very strongly suggested in 5 patients, who on repeated occasions showed, in addition to elevated SGOT and SGPT, abnormal values of serum albumins, immunoglobulins, alkaline phosphatase and Normotest. The majority of patients were free from clinical liver disease.
Soluble Fibrinogen-Fibrin Complexes in Obstetrical Conditions
Authors: McKillop C.A. , Howie P.W. , Forbes C.D. , Prentice C.R.M. 
Published: May 2019

Soluble fibrinogen-fibrin complexes isolated by 6% agarose gel filtration (Bio-Gel A5m), were identified by the staphylococcal clumping test for the void volume polymers and radial immunodiffusion for the lower molecular weight oligomers. Women taking the oral contraceptive pill had significantly increased oligomer levels compared to non-pill controls;whilst in normal pregnancy there were small increases in both polymer and oligomer concentrations. In pre-eclampsia a marked increase in both types of soluble complex was found. This did not simply reflect the combination of hypertension and pregnancy, as soluble complex levels in pregnant women with essential hypertension did not differ from those in normal pregnancy. In pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation there was also a small but significant increase in oligomer concentration compared with normal pregnancy.While these results may simply reflect differing degrees of hypercoagulability, they could suggest increased local intravascular coagulation within the placenta in intrauterine growth retardation and disseminated intravascular coagulation in pre-eclampsia.
Movements of Calcium Ions and Their Role in the Activation of Platelets
Authors: Massini P. , Käser-Glanzmann R. , Lüscher E.F. 
Published: May 2019

The increase of the cytoplasmic Ca-concentration plays a central role in the initiation of platelet activation. Four kinds of movements of Ca-ions are presumed to occur during this process: (a) Ca-ions liberated from membranes induce the rapid shape change. (b) Vesicular organelles release Ca-ions into the cytoplasm which initiate the release reaction, (c) The storage organelles, called dense bodies, secrete their contents including Ca-ions to the outside during the release reaction, (d) At the same time a rearrangement of the plasma membrane occurs, resulting in an increase in its permeability for Ca-ions as well as in an increase in the number of Ca-binding sites.Since most processes occurring during platelet activation are reversible the platelet must be equipped with a mechanism which removes Ca-ions from the cytoplasm. A vesicular fraction of platelet homogenate indeed accumulates Ca actively. This Ca-pump is stimulated by cyclic AMP and protein kinase; it might be involved in the recovery of platelets after activation.
Symposium on Antithrombin III: Introductory Remarks.
Authors: Shapiro S.S. 
Published: May 2019

Interest in Antithrombin III has increased greatly since Abildgaard’s isolation of this protein and his demonstration that it is identical with the heparin cofactor. It is now clear that Antithrombin III plays a central role as an inhibitor of many serine proteases, including activated coagulation factors, kallikrein and plasmin. Heparin enhances the neutralizing activity of Antithrombin III towards each of these enzymes, from several-fold to more than 1,000-fold. Although Antithrombin III represents only a small fraction of the total protease neutralizing capacity of human blood, variation in the level of this protein seems to correlate with some clinical thromboembolic or “hypercoagulable” states. Variations in Antithrombin III levels occur regularly in several disease states, including disseminated intravascular coagulation. Heterozygosity for Antithrombin III is associated, in adult life, with a distinct tendency to thrombosis.This symposium will be concerned with methods of measuring Antithrombin III and the correlation of its levels with disease states, the mechanism of action of this inhibitor and the role of heparin in its enhancement, and the thromboembolic tendency seen in hereditary Antithrombin III deficiency.
The Involvement of Factors XII & XI in the Platelet Coagulant Activity
Authors: Connellan J.M. , Bowden S. , Castaldi P.A. 
Published: May 2019

Platelets provide coagulant activities, other than the Phospholipid Platelet factor 3, which can be released from the platelet. In Platelet Poor Plasma, the initiation of the intrinsic pathway is proposed to proceed via factors Xll & XI as well as 2 other factors, Prekallekrein and Kininogen. The role of these factors in the initiation of coagulation in Platelet Rich Plasma is under investigation. Walsh, (Br.J. Haemat. 22. 393, 1972) and Muntz (Haemostasis in press 1977), have shown that platelets devoid of factor Xll will still produce a coagulant activity when Platelet Rich Plasma is incubated with collagen. However, we have recently shown that this reaction requires the presence of factor XI. Factor XII has been purified by the method of Saito (Circ.Res.34,641,1974) , and factor XI has been purified by the method of Connellan, Castaldi and Muntz. (Haemostasis, in press 1977).Specific antibodies were developed in rabbits and the IgG from the antiserum was coupled to Sepharose. These factors could be extracted from plasma by the immobilized antibodies and could then be eluted by the use of alkali or guanidine HCL, thus resulting in a rapid purification of these factors.Platelets were washed free of loosely bound clotting factors and provided significant amounts of coagulant activity when ruptured by either freezing and thawing or by glycerol treatment. Platelets from a factor XI deficient patient also provided this activity. The platelet activity was extracted by passage through both Sepharose-heparin column and Sepharose-anti-factor XI column;the activity appeared to be identical to plasma factor XI.
Identification of a Prothrombin Derivative in Human Urine
Authors: Bezeaud A. , Aronson D. , Ménaché D. , Guillin M.C. 
Published: May 2019

Urine samples of 13 normal subjects and 18 patients with constitutional coagulation defects were screened for the presence of prothrombin derivatives using specific rabbit antisera to human prothrombin, prothrombin Fragment 1 and Prethrombin 2. Patients comprised 15 severe and one moderate factor VIII deficiency, one factor VII deficiency and one mild factor XI deficiency. Immunological techniques included immunodiffusion, counter electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis, crossed Immunoelectrophoresis and electroimmunoassay.Antiprothrombin antiserum reveals in normal urine a prothrombin derivative which is in complete identity with Fragment 1, in partial identity with prothrombin and in non identity with Prethrombin 1. Other characteristics such as adsorption onto tricalcium phosphate and electrophoretic mobility are also those of Fragment 1. Similar results are obtained in the urine of patients with contitutional coagulation defects. Trace amounts of another prothrombin related antigen are also shown following concentration of normal urine.These results indicate that prothrombin Fragment 1 is a constituent of human urine, whether this constituent appears following glomerular filtration of a plasmatic Fragment 1 or following tubular degradation of prothrombin is not known.
The Induction of Platelet Aggregates in Healthy Subjects by Venousocclusion
Authors: Chamone D.A. F. , Vermylen J. 
Published: May 2019

Circulating platelet aggregates have been observed in various clinical conditions (Wu and Hoak, Lancet, 1974, ii, 924). Using a slightly modified method, we have found that platelet aggregates can be induced in vivo in healthy subjects.Nine volunteers (7 males, 2 females, age 23-38 years) were studied. Blood was drawn from an antecubital vein of one arm immediately before and of the other arm after twenty minutes of occlusion midway between systolic and diastolic pressure. The ratio of the platelet count in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained from blood collected on forma lin-EDTA to that from blood collected on EDTA only was 0.934 + 0.028 (mean ± S.E .) before and 0.768 ± 0.033 after occlusion (p < 0.001 ). Spontaneous aggregation in PRP, measured as percent increase in light transmission during 10 minutes of stirring in the a gg re gome ter, was 4 .20 ± 1.17 before and 3 .80 + I .69 after occlusion (p > 0 .1).This system may help elucidate some of the mechanisms involved in the generation of circulating platelet aggregates. It may also constitute a simple set-up for the in vivo evaluation of drugs affecting platelet function.
Platelet and Fibrin Deposition on Subendothelium: Opposite Dependence on Blood Shear Rate
Authors: Baumgartner H.R. 
Published: May 2019

The rate of platelet deposition on subendothelium (adhesion + adhesion-induced aggregation) from anticoagulated blood is shear rate (~ v/d) dependent and thus increases with increasing blood flow velocity (v) and decreasing vessel diameter (d). To investigate concomitant fibrin deposition, subendothelium of rabbit aorta was exposed to native blood under controlled flow conditions (Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 106, 1367 (1976)). Native blood was circulated by a roller pump for 3 min from a carotid artery through an annular perfusion chamber (maintained at 37°c) into a jugular vein of a rabbit at flow rates of 5, 20 and 40 ml/min, producing wall shear rates at the exposed subendothelial surface of 500, 2000 and 4000 s-1, respectively. Subendothelium and adhering blood elements were immediately fixed by perfusion of glutaraldehyde avoiding any blood-air interphase. Platelet interaction with subendothelium and fibrin deposition were determined morphometrically. At a shear rate of 500, 2000 and 4000 s-1, 23±3, 43±4 and 66±3% (mean ± SE) of the surface were covered with platelets and 67±12, 26±12 and 10±4% with fibrin, respectively. The corresponding values for adhesion-induced aggregation were 12±3, 38±6 and 56±5% in native and about 4, 17±5 and 29±4% in citrated (15 mM) blood indicating that even a low citrate concentration inhibits adhesion-induced aggregation. Similar results were obtained with human blood drawn from a cubital vein.This is direct evidence that fibrin deposition on subendothelium predominates at low (veins), platelet adhesion and aggregation at high (arteries + small vessel) shear rates.
Properties of Plasminogen Activators in Circulating Human Blood and Human Cadaveric Veins
Authors: Mackie Michael , Bennett Bruce , Ogston Derek 
Published: May 2019

The properties of 3 partially purified plasminogen activators prepared from human blood have been compared with activator prepared from cadaveric veins and urokinase.Circulating plasminogen activator present in blood after venous occlusion of the arm has been partially purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 in phosphate buffer containing 0.15 M NaCl followed by gel filtration of active fractions on Sephadex G-200 in buffer containing 1 M NaCl.Plasminogen activator generated from lysine-sepharose treated plasma after activation of Hageman factor by kaolin has been partially purified by elution of the activator from kaolin by 0.5 M NaCl and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200; the activator precipitated by dextran sulphate from the euglobulin supernatant prepared from lysine-sepharose treated plasma has been partially purified by similar gel filtration techniques.Cadaveric plasminogen activator has been prepared by ammonium sulphate precipitation of the washout from cadaveric veins followed by sequentail filtration on Sephadex G-200 in (a) low and (b) high concentrations of NaCl. The properties of these 4 plasminogen activators are compared with those of urokinase in terms of their stability, susceptibility to protease inhibitors and molecular size.
The Effect of Prostaglandins G2, D2, E2, E1 and Arachidonic acid on Thrombus Formation in Vivo
Authors: Westwick J. , Lewis G.P. 
Published: May 2019

Arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin (PG) G2 have been shown to he precursors of both pro-aggregatory and anti-aggregatory agents in vitro. If PGG2 is produced in thrombotic and inflammatory situations, it is important to know its effects on thrombus formation in vivo. Mural thrombus formation was induced in the arterioles (40-70 μm) of the hamster cheek pouch by combining micro-electrical damage with perivascular application of ADP (10-6M).PG or vehicle was applied perivascularly, followed 30 sec and 1 min later by electrical micro-damage and application of ADP (lOM). The vessel was observed and thrombus formation was quantitated by timing the adherence of thrombi for the following 10 nriruEach animal served as its own control and results were expressed as % difference (mean - s.e.) from control. PGGs, AA and PGE]_ produced a dose-related (12.5 - 1250 ng) inhibition (lO ± 8% - 90 ± 15%) of thrombus formation.Both PGG2 (Lewis, Vestwick & Williams, Br.J.Pharmac., 1977, in press) and AA induce a short-lasting vasoconstriction followed by vasodilatation. However, another potent vasodilator, PGE1, in a low Jose (125 ng) potentiated (49 - 20%) while high doses (1250 ng) produced a weak inhibition (15 ± 10%) of thrombus formation. PGD2 had little activity up to a concentration of I25O ng.These results demonstrate that AA and PGG2 can be converted to anti-thrombotic agents in vivo when applied perivascularly. Since PGD5 and PGE2 were not anti-thrombotic, it is possible that the observed effect was due to generation of prostacyclin.
An Enzyme in Rabbit Aorta that May Play a Role in Haemostasis and Thrombosis
Authors: Lieberman G.E. , Lewis G.P. 
Published: May 2019

Platelet interaction with blood vessel walls has been studied with the intention of elucidating regulatory mechanisms involved in haemostasis and thrombosis. Microsomal fractions (Mif) prepared from rabbit aortas have been found to inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation when incubated with ADP prior to addition to platelet-rich plasma. Thin layer chromatography of incubation mixtures in which [8-14C] ADP has been used has proved that the inhibition is due to degradation of ADP. The main degradation product at pH 6.0 is AMP and between the pH optimum of 7.2-8.2, it is adenosine. The rate of ADP breakdown is dependent on the duration, temperature and pH of the incubation, and on the concentrations of ADP and Mif used. Enzymic activity can be destroyed by boiling and by treatment with perchloric acid.EDTA (Na2) will remove inhibitory activity but this can be restored by addition of either calcium or magnesium to the incubate. The subcellular localization of the enzyme has been determined by isopycnic centrlfugation in a sucrose density gradient, using marker enzymes to establish the distribution of subcellular organelles in the gradient.ADP degrading activity was found to coincide with the peak of 5′ nucleotidase (5′NT) activity, the plasma membrane marker.Localization of the ADP degrading enzyme on the cell membrane means that it is in a position to destroy any ADP which might be released by platelets in their response to damage of the blood vessel wall. Its coincidental location with means that any AMP formed will be converted to adenosine which is itself an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The ADP degrading enzyme could therefore play an important role in limiting the extent of thrombus formation.
Fibrinopeptide a Measurements in the Study of Thrombosis
Authors: Nossel H.L. 
Published: May 2019

Elevated plasma fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels have been found in all patients with acute (symptoms for 5 days or less) venous or arterial thrombosis and/or embolism studied in our institution. Heparin therapy results in a decline of fibrinopeptide A levels to the normal range. In most instances the normal level is attained within 15 minutes of the start of therapy but in some instances return to normal is delayed for up to 72 hours.FPA levels have not been tested in a formal study on the prediction of thrombosis. The results will be presented of serial FPA measurements and the relationship of FPA elevations to recurrence of symptoms and. extension of the disease in patients with thrombo-embolism. The usefulness of FPA tests in the diagnosis of prethrombotic states will depend on the pathophysiology of these states.Measurement of FPA levels may be useful in predicting thrombosis under circumstances in which activation of the coagulation system precedes thrombosis. When thrombosis results from the reaction of normal blood with diseased vessel wall FPA levels will not be useful in prediction.Since- the pathogenesis of thrombosis is likely to vary in different syndromes, the pathophysiology of these syndromes will have to be investigated separately to answer questions as to the usefulness of such tests in prediction.