bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sudden Loss of Motor-Evoked Potentials (MEPs) During the Resection of A Nondominant Insular Glioma: Case Report and Management Review
Authors: Gómez-Revuelta Cristina , Llobregat Carlos Martorell , Abarca-Olivas Javier , Piqueres Maria Dolores Coves , González-López Pablo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA 43-year-old man was admitted into the emergency room at our hospital after presenting with a tonic-clonic seizure. MRI showed a right-side operculo-insular tumor. This was treated by performing a craniotomy under general anesthesia with intraoperative monitoring. Tumor resection was started by exploring the temporal and frontal opercula without problems. However, during the resection of the insular compartment, a sudden loss of MEPs was observed. Surgery was stopped immediately, and all the relevant anesthetic parameters, vital signs, anesthetic drugs were reviewed. No retractors had been used at that time, so vasospasm was suspected as the underlying cause of the signal change. An ICG bolus injection confirmed vasospasm in one of the M2 branches running over the insula. A direct vessel massage was performed yet resulted in no apparent improvement in the appearance of the vessel when ICG was injected. Therefore, repeated massage with nimodipine was performed, which resulted in the resolution of the vasospasm. MEPs progressively recovered to base line levels, and surgery could then be finished without further incident. During the postoperative recovery period, no focal deficit was identified, and the postoperative MRI showed a planned subtotal resection without apparent ischemia. The goal of this report is to review the potential causes of such a loss of intraoperative MEPs and its best management in order to prevent postoperative motor deficit and to manage the situation should it occur.
Dura Opening in Cases with Acute Traumatic Subdural Hemorrhage
Authors: Kasper Ekkehard M. , Kaya Serdar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe most common pathophysiological etiology of traumatic subdural hematoma is the rupture of bridging veins that drain the venous blood from the brain parenchyma into the superior sagittal sinus. Treatment of choice for such a hematoma would be craniotomy and evacuation. Opening dura in a stellate fashion during in acute traumatic subdural hematoma surgery might decrease the risk of added injury to bridging veins and decrease possible morbidity due to brain edema.
Internal Carotid Artery Injury During the Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery of Pituitary Adenoma: Case Illustration, Introspection, and Systematic Review
Authors: Mishra Rakesh , Konar Subhash Kanti , Shukla Dhaval P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdvances in endoscopic technology have made the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach the preferred approach for most surgeries of pituitary adenoma. The goal of these surgeries is to achieve cure, efficacy, and safety. Ample research has deliberated on the complications of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, meningitis, visual deterioration and nasal crusting after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Among these, injury to the internal carotid artery (ICA) is not common in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery and has an incidence that ranges from 0.1% to 1%. Though it is rare, the effects are devastating and associated with a high risk of mortality and morbidity. As a result, iatrogenic ICA injury is every neurosurgeon’s nightmare. Available literature primarily consists of case reports on these injuries. The literature is lacking on preventive and management options. We present an unusual case of a patient who had a nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma and an unexpected injury to the internal carotid artery (ICA) during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. We share our successful experience with its management via emergency endovascular treatment with parent vessel occlusion for an iatrogenic ICA injury. We present the article to address the pragmatic questions and challenges faced by neurosurgeons experiencing this complication for the first time.
Avoidance and Management of Complications in Retrosigmoid Approach to Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Pattankar Sanjeev , Misra Basant K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn experience with two rare complications during surgery of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) is presented, and measures to avoid and manage the complications are discussed.Case A: Spinal cord ischemia in semi-sitting position: A 47-year-old with a giant vestibular schwannoma (VS) underwent surgery through a retrosigmoid approach in the semi-sitting position. The intraoperative phase was uneventful, except for an episode of moderate hypotension. Postoperatively, the patient woke up with quadriparesis. MRI on the cervical spine revealed restricted diffusion from C4 to C7 suggestive of cord ischemia. Complete neurological recovery occurred over the following 3 months. Awareness of this potential complication, preoperative screening for degenerative spine disease, avoiding excessive intraoperative cervical flexion, using sensory & motor evoked potentials, and diligently avoiding intraoperative hypotension can prevent such occurrences.Case B: High-riding jugular bulb (HRJB) injury: A 42-year-old male patient underwent a retrosigmoid approach for a right-sided VS in the lateral position. During internal auditory canal (IAC) drilling, there was an injury to the HRJB, resulting in torrential bleeding. It was managed successfully with the sequential application of Gelfoam, fibrin glue, and Surgicel. The drilling was carefully continued by using a diamond drill, and the complete excision of VS was achieved with no injury to cranial nerve 7 (CN7) while maintaining normal facial symmetry. Awareness of an HRJB reduces the risk, and in case of injury, sequential hemostatic measures ensure adequate IAC drilling and the total excision of the tumor.
Complications Following Decompressive Craniectomy
Authors: Shukla Dhaval P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDecompressive craniectomy (DC) is performed to treat refractory intracranial hypertension following traumatic brain injury and stroke. Though technically not demanding, DC is still associated with several early and delayed complications. Early complications can be fatal, whereas delayed complications may result in regression of recovery. Adequately sized DC along with aggressive medical management mitigates most of the acute complications whereas early cranioplasty prevents delayed complications.
A Clinical Learning Curve Should Be Avoided in Neurosurgery
Authors: Taylor Allan , Le Feuvre David , Taylor Bettina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAchieving competence in performing complex neurosurgical operations and learning new techniques after qualification take time. The improvement in skill over time (or as more procedures are performed) can be represented graphically as a learning curve. While surgeons are operating on patients to acquire the required skills, patients might be harmed. This is often referred to colloquially but incorrectly as “a steep learning curve.” Although this may be an accepted learning practice for surgeons, it is unlikely to be acceptable to patients. Surgeons need to find ways of reaching a competent level of practice before operating on patients. To this end, the need for new techniques, what skills they require, and how they can be learned in a nonclinical environment should be defined. This can help surgeons determine where they start on a learning curve and what skills they need to achieve competence.
Employment Vulnerabilities of Female and Young Adults in Arab Countries: Trends Since the Onset of COVID-19
Authors: AlAzzawi Shireen , Hlasny Vladimir 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLabor market outcomes of Arab young adults have become more precarious since a decade ago, reflecting an increase in inequality of opportunities. We assess how the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these vulnerabilities. Applying job transition tables and multinomial logit regressions of workers’ employment statuses to panel microdata from rapid telephone surveys from four Arab countries, we estimate how the different stages of the pandemic affected job transitions and outcomes of distinct groups: young-older and female-male workers in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia. We find that the stringency of pandemic-mitigation policies negatively affected employment and labor participation of most worker groups. Those laid off during the pandemic came predominantly from among those without formal employment history. Mitigating these trends, higher education and experience, and proximity to urban labor markets enables workers to retain employment, conferring consistently high returns to them in terms of remaining economically active or employed. In the latter stages of the pandemic, men’s prospects gradually recovered, but women largely remained shut out from the job market. Young adults trailed older workers throughout the pandemic. The pandemic thus perpetuated existing inequalities across sexes and ages, as well as across broader socioeconomic fault lines.
Limited Social Contact at Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Shift Worker’s Health and Well-being
Authors: Skiba Regina , McNeely Eileen , Weziak-Bialowolska Dorota 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 outbreak prompted significant organizational adjustments in workplaces, necessitating the restructuring of shift schedules and guidelines to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Workplace modifications encompassed ensuring physical distancing, restricting contact beyond the workplace, embracing remote work, and altering work conditions (e.g., smaller employee teams, reduced shift groups, and extended working hours). These changes primarily aimed to minimize employee interactions, particularly affecting shift workers who already experienced limited socialization due to their fluctuating schedules. The challenge of building a social life for shift workers was exacerbated as societal activities typically occurred after the standard 9–5 workday. The availability and quality of social networks and social engagement, in addition to stress, are indicated as potential mediators of disease in shift workers. This study analyzes longitudinal survey data from 631 garment factory workers in Poland from 2019 to 2021. Findings reveal that shift workers encountered heightened difficulties in general health, mental well-being, and social relationships during the pandemic (2020–2021) compared to other employees. Recognizing the adverse social implications for shift workers in extraordinary circumstances like the COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes the need for proactive employer measures to address these concerns.
Klimawandel – ein Gesundheitsthema (auch) für Familien und ihre jungen Kinder?
Authors: Schoierer Julia , Lehmann Hannah , Köster-Lange Johanna , Gerke Jonas 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungNur auf einem gesunden Planeten können Kinder gesund aufwachsen. Der Klimawandel bedroht ihre Gesundheit durch steigende Temperaturen und extreme Wetterereignisse. In Deutschland sind die Durchschnittstemperaturen gestiegen, was zu häufigeren und intensiveren Hitzewellen führt. Diese Entwicklung gefährdet besonders Kinder, deren Thermoregulation noch nicht ausgereift ist. UV-Exposition erhöht das Risiko für Hautkrebs und Augenschäden. Wetterextreme beeinträchtigen zudem die mentale Gesundheit von Kindern.Betreuungs‑, Bildungs- und Freizeiteinrichtungen spielen eine Schlüsselrolle im Umgang mit den psychischen und physischen Belastungen des Klimawandels. Widerstandsfähige Systeme und Einrichtungen können Stabilität und Resilienz fördern und präventiv wirken. Die Anpassung der Lebenswelten von Kindern an den Klimawandel ist jedoch noch unzureichend. Es ist essenziell, durch praxisnahe Informationsmaterialien die Klimakompetenz der Lebensweltakteurinnen und -akteure zu stärken, damit diese nicht nur sensibilisiert werden, sondern aktiv Schutzmaßnahmen etablieren können. Auch Krankenkassen können durch Beratung und Unterstützung klimafreundlicher und gesundheitsförderlicher Aktivitäten eine wichtige Rolle in der Prävention spielen.Die Gesundheitsförderung in Lebenswelten mit Kindern birgt großes Potenzial, klimaschützendes und klimaangepasstes Verhalten zu fördern und langfristig bei Kindern und Familien zu etablieren. Um hier die notwendigen Veränderungen herbeizuführen, bedarf es der sektorenübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit zwischen Einrichtungen, Trägern, Behörden, Krankenkassen und -versicherungen und der Zivilgesellschaft sowie zwischen Bund, Ländern und Kommunen.
Wild-Type Domestication: Loss of Intrinsic Metabolic Traits Concealed by Culture in Rich Media
Authors: Vezina Ben , Cooper Helena B. , Wisniewski Jessica A. , Parker Matthew H. , Jenney Adam W. J. , Holt Kathryn E. , Wyres Kelly L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBacteria are typically isolated on rich media to maximise isolation success, removing them from their native evolutionary context. This eliminates selection pressures, enabling otherwise deleterious genomic events to accumulate. Here, we present a cautionary tale of these ‘quiet mutations’ which can persist unnoticed in bacterial culture lines. We used a combination of microbiological culture (standard and minimal media conditions), whole genome sequencing and metabolic modelling to investigate putative Klebsiella pneumoniae L-histidine auxotrophs. Additionally, we used genome-scale metabolic modelling to predict auxotrophies among completed public genomes (n = 2637). Two sub-populations were identified within a K. pneumoniae frozen stock, differing in their ability to grow in the absence of L-histidine. These sub-populations were the same ‘strain’, separated by eight single nucleotide variants and an insertion sequence-mediated deletion of the L-histidine biosynthetic operon. The His− sub-population remained undetected for > 10 years despite its inclusion in independent laboratory experiments. Genome-scale metabolic models predicted 0.8% public genomes contained ≥ 1 auxotrophy, with purine/pyrimidine biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism most frequently implicated. We provide a definitive example of the role of standard rich media culture conditions in obscuring biologically relevant mutations (i.e. nutrient auxotrophies) and estimate the prevalence of such auxotrophies using public genome collections. While the prevalence is low, it is not insignificant given the thousands of K. pneumoniae that are isolated for global surveillance and research studies each year. Our data serve as a pertinent reminder that rich-media culturing can cause unnoticed wild-type domestication.
Three-year outcomes of surgical bleb revision with mitomycin C for early scarring bleb after trabeculectomy
Authors: Caraher-Masuda Risa , Sakamoto Mari , Okuda Mina , Takano Fumio , Mori Sotaro , Ueda Kaori , Kanamori Akiyasu , Yamada-Nakanishi Yuko , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To report the 3-year outcomes of surgical bleb revision (SBR) with mitomycin C (MMC) for early scarring bleb after trabeculectomy (TLE).

Study design
Retrospective observational study.

Methods
We included glaucoma patients aged ≧ 18 who underwent SBR with MMC within 6 months of their first TLE at Kobe University Hospital and were followed for at least 6 months. The primary outcome measure was the three-year success rate of SBR. We defined surgical success as: intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction ≧ 20% from baseline and 5 ≦ IOP ≦ 18 mmHg. Failure was defined when the IOP deviated from the criteria, when the eye required additional glaucoma surgery, and when the eye lost light perception. Complete success (CS) was success without glaucoma medications and qualified success (QS) was success with glaucoma medications. The secondary outcome measures included IOP, the number of glaucoma medications, mean deviation (MD), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), and surgical complications.

Results
Sixty-eight eyes of 68 patients were analyzed. The median interval between initial TLE and SBR was 2 months. Overall success rate at three-year after SBR were 45.1% and 9.6% for QS and CS, respectively. A greater number of medications used before TLE was a contributing factor to failure (P = 0.02). 22 eyes (32.4%) underwent additional glaucoma surgery, and 41 eyes (60.3%) were spared from additional glaucoma surgery within 3 years after SBR. The median IOP decreased form 24.0 mmHg to 11.0 mmHg 3 years after SBR, and the number of medications decreased from 4 to 2 (P < 0.01). MD remained unchanged, but BCVA and ECD decreased at 3years postoperatively. There were no serious complications of SBR.

Conclusion
SBR may be an effective treatment option for early scarring blebs after TLE but is unsuccessful in eyes that have used many glaucoma medications prior to TLE.
On the Validity of the Capsian and Iberomaurusian Entities (Northwest African Later Stone Age)
Authors: Perrault Nicolas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Capsian is an early Holocene Northwest African tradition. Since 1933, it is divided into two facies: the Typical Capsian and the Upper Capsian. Recently, Dachy et al. (2023) claimed to have discovered a third facies. Their evidence for this claim comes from two key observations: one distinguishing the new facies from the Upper Capsian and the other from the Typical Capsian. But a passage from Sheppard (1987), who studied much of the same material, seems to directly contradict one of these observations. Meanwhile, the other observation is challenged by doubts previously expressed by the authors themselves (Perrin et al., 2020), doubts that seem to have been set aside in their 2023 paper. It therefore seems currently difficult to recognize their third Capsian facies. The authors further imply that their discovery of a third facies would mean that the “term ‘Capsian’ alone can no longer be used to designate a single, coherent cultural whole.” They suggest, therefore, redefining the word “Capsian” in terms of space and time. But the existence of a third facies would not necessarily render the Capsian incoherent. The Iberomaurusian’s unity is here also provisionally defended in response to a similar idea expressed recently. Despite these issues, the work of Dachy et al. (2023) remains an interesting contribution that highlights the potential value of future excavations in the Oum el Bouaghi region of Algeria. The current paper, in closing, argues that to discuss the value of traditional labels like “Iberomaurusian” and “Capsian,” lithic analysts would need to adopt a standard method for data collection and publication. Such a method is in development.
Synthetic Turbulence with Prescribed Probability Density Function and Application to Scalar Quantities Occurring in Reactive Flows
Authors: Klein Markus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Based on a (synthetic) turbulent signal which obeys a Gaussian probability density function (PDF) together with some form of prescribed two-point statistics (i.e. integral length or time scales or turbulent energy spectrum), a simple algorithm is proposed to transform the original signal, such that it follows a new target PDF. It is shown that for many practical applications the transformation does not change the integral length or time scale more than a few per cent. The algorithm can be combined with any turbulence generator. It has applications for prescribing boundary or initial conditions of non-Gaussian signals in scale resolving simulations of turbulent flows, such as passive scalars like temperature, bounded passive scalars occurring in reactive flows or velocity signals close to walls.
Negative effect and removal of trace amounts of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids in samples from biorefineries
Authors: Lehrhofer Anna F. , Yoneda Yuko , Tran Thi Hoai , Melikhov Ivan , Gille Lars , Hettegger Hubert , Böhmdorfer Stefan , Potthast Antje , Schottenberger Herwig , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), based on 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cations, are frequently used solvent components or auxiliaries for various types of biomass in biorefinery approaches. Unless washing and sample preparation have been carried out very carefully, analytical samples often contain residual traces of such ionic liquids. These residues can compromise the quality of physicochemical analyses, as was demonstrated for monosaccharide analysis after hydrolysis by gas chromatography, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, or ion chromatography (IC), and even damage analytical equipment, such as gas chromatographic capillaries or IC electrodes. We suggest a simple procedure—short stirring with solid elemental sulfur adsorbed on alumina as the scavenger—as a pretreatment of the analytical samples to remove interfering imidazolium IL traces. The chemistry underlying this pretreatment is the conversion of the 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cation to the corresponding, water-insoluble, neutral, volatile 1,3-dialkylimidazole-2-thiones. Given the negative effect of imidazolium IL impurities, the minor extension of the sample preparation by one short additional step appears to be a small price to pay for an unperturbed and instrument-safe analysis.

Graphical abstract
Rasopathy-Associated Mutation Ptpn11D61Y has Age-Dependent Effect on Synaptic Vesicle Recycling
Authors: Guhathakurta Debarpan , Selzam Franziska , Petrušková Aneta , Weiss Eva-Maria , Akdaş Enes Yağız , Montenegro-Venegas Carolina , Zenker Martin , Fejtová Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRasopathies are genetic disorders often associated with developmental delay and intellectual disability. Noonan syndrome (NS) is one of the most common Rasopathies, caused by mutations in PTPN11 in more than 50% of cases. In mammalian neurons, PTPN11 controls the trafficking of postsynaptic glutamate receptors. This process is disrupted in neurons expressing PTPN11 variants associated with Rasopathies and is thought to contribute to the cognitive impairments in Noonan syndrome. Recent work revealed presynaptic impairments upon expression of RASopathy-linked PTPN11 variants in Drosophila. However, the presynaptic role of PTPN11 has not yet been addressed in mammals. Here, we investigated membrane trafficking of synaptic vesicles in cultured mouse cortical neurons expressing Rasopathy-associated PTPN11D61Y variant. We observed a significantly smaller readily releasable and total recycling pool of synaptic vesicles. The drop in synaptic vesicle release competence was accompanied by a decreased rate of SV retrieval. Interestingly, the presynaptic phenotype was evident in mature (DIV21) but not in immature (DIV12) neurons. Thus, our data reveal importance of balanced PTPN11 activity for normal trafficking of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic ending of mature neurons.