bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of land surface dynamic feedbacks for digital soil mapping with fusion of multisource remote sensing data
Authors: Zeng C. Y. , Zhu A. X. , Qi F. , Liu J. Z. , Yang L. , Liu F. , Li F. L. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe use of environmental covariates to predict soil spatial variation is a widely adopted approach to digital soil mapping. However, commonly used covariates such as topography, landform and vegetation are often ineffective for estimating soil variation in areas of low relief. Recent studies have shown the effectiveness of a new covariate called land surface dynamic feedback (LSDF) for digital soil mapping in such areas. The construction of LSDF relies on remote sensing (RS) data with high temporal resolution to record the drying process after a rain event. The trade‐off of obtaining high temporal resolution with RS data is that they are often of low spatial resolution. To overcome this limitation, our study uses the ESTARFM (enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model) algorithm to fuse MODIS and Landsat 8 data to obtain images that benefit from the high temporal resolution of MODIS and high spatial resolution of Landsat. The LSDF was then derived from the fused images to predict soil texture in a case study in north Xuancheng, Anhui Province. Compared with particle‐size fractions estimated with LSDF derived from the original MODIS data, the results were more accurate and produced more spatial detail when mapped. We conclude that the ESTARFM algorithm can improve the spatial resolution of high temporal resolution RS data and offers an effective approach to derive more accurate measures of LSDF for digital soil mapping in areas of low relief.Highlights
We propose a new method to combine different remote sensors to predict soil properties in a low relief area.
We constructed a land surface dynamic feedback model with high spatial resolution for digital soil mapping.
The fusion process improved prediction the most in areas with complex and heterogeneous land cover.
Accuracy improved with the mapping of finer spatial detail compared to the original MODIS data.
New insights into the roles of myofibroblasts and innervation during skin healing and innovative therapies to improve scar innervation
Authors: Lebonvallet Nicolas , Laverdet Betty , Misery Laurent , Desmoulière Alexis , Girard Dorothée 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDuring the resolution phase of normal skin wound healing, there is a considerable loss of various cell types, including myofibroblasts by apoptosis. Inappropriate delay of apoptosis, and thus increased survival of myofibroblasts, may be a factor leading to pathologies and excessive scarring. Considerable data now clearly suggest that innervation plays a major role in wound healing, including the modulation of fibroblast cellular activity. An abnormal level of neuromediators is implicated not only in the development of chronic wounds but also in excessive scar formation. Understanding interactions between neuromediators and myofibroblasts, allowing normal reinnervation and having adequate levels of neuromediators during the healing process are clearly important to avoid the appearance of pathological healing or fibrosis/scarring. The aim of this review was first to discuss the mechanisms leading to normal or excessive scarring and then to present the roles of innervation during wound healing. Finally, the latest therapeutic strategies to help wound repair and reinnervation after skin damage will be introduced. Advantages and limitations in the use of neuropeptides, growth factors and biomaterials will be discussed as well as the most recent studies on electrostimulation and the potential of targeting resident skin mesenchymal stem cells.
Red grape (Vitis vinifera L.) flavonoids down‐regulate collagen type III expression after UV‐A in primary human dermal blood endothelial cells
Authors: Di Francesco Serena , Savio Monica , Bloise Nora , Borroni Giovanni , Stivala Lucia Anna , Borroni Riccardo G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRed grape (Vitis vinifera L.) flavonoids including flavan‐3‐ols (eg, catechin and epicatechin), flavonols (eg, quercetin) and anthocyanins (eg, malvidin) exert anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In the skin they also have a photoprotective action, and their effects have been extensively investigated in keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts. Despite their known effects also on blood vasculature, little is known on their activities on human dermal blood endothelial cells (HDBECs), which are critically involved in skin homeostasis as well as in the pathogenesis of neoplastic and inflammatory skin diseases. We sought to study the biological effects of selected red grape flavonoids in preventing the consequences of ultraviolet (UV)‐A irradiation in vitro. Our results show that red grape flavonoids prevent UV‐A‐induced sICAM‐1 release in HDBECs, suggesting that this cell type could represent an additional target of the anti‐inflammatory activity of flavonoids. In addition, flavonoids effectively inhibited UV‐A‐induced synthesis of collagen type III at both RNA and protein level, indicating that dermal blood microvasculature could be actively involved in ECM remodelling as a consequence of skin photo‐ageing, and that this can be prevented by red grape flavonoids.
Decision‐making under uncertainty through extending influence diagrams with interval‐valued parameters
Authors: Zhou Lihua , Lü Kevin , Liu Weiyi , Ren Changchun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInfluence diagrams (IDs) are one of the most commonly used graphical and mathematical decision models for reasoning under uncertainty. In conventional IDs, both probabilities representing beliefs and utilities representing preferences of decision makers are precise point‐valued parameters. However, it is usually difficult or even impossible to directly provide such parameters. In this paper, we extend conventional IDs to allow IDs with interval‐valued parameters (IIDs) and develop a counterpart method of Copper's evaluation method to evaluate IIDs. IIDs avoid the difficulties attached to the specification of precise parameters and provide the capability to model decision‐making processes in a situation that the precise parameters cannot be specified. The counterpart method to Copper's evaluation method reduces the evaluation of IIDs into inference problems of Bayesian networks with interval‐valued probabilities. An algorithm based on the approximate inference of Bayesian networks with interval‐valued probabilities is proposed, and extensive experiments are conducted. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can find the optimal strategies effectively in IIDs, and the interval‐valued expected utilities obtained by proposed algorithm are contained in those obtained by exact evaluating algorithms. The newly development approach would significantly extend the range of IDs for managerial decision support applications where parameters of variables can be specifically defined by only estimated intervals.
Ratcheting progress at notch root of 1045 steel samples over asymmetric loading cycles: Experiments and analyses
Authors: Kolasangiani K. , Shariati M. , Farhangdoost K. , Varvani‐Farahani A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present study examines ratcheting response of steel samples with various notch diameters through conducting several cyclic tests. Ratcheting strain values were measured through strain gauges mounted at different distances from the notch root. Local ratcheting at the notch region was highly influenced by notch diameter, notch shape, distance from the notch root, and magnitude of the nominal mean/amplitude of loading cycles. Nominal force‐controlled cycles were kept below the yield point and the Neuber's rule accommodated for the maximum/minimum local stress components along those local strains measured through the strain gauges at the notch region. Plastic strains at the vicinity of notch root over loading cycles were further accumulated by means of the Chaboche hardening model. The local ratcheting strain while progressed at the notch root plastic zone over loading cycles resulted in mean stress relaxation controlled by the model.
The 2017 WHO update on mature T‐ and natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms
Authors: Matutes E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the last decade, there has been a significant body of information regarding the biology of the lymphoid neoplasms. This clearly supports the need for updating the 2008 WHO (World Health Organization) classification of haematopoietic and lymphoid tumours. The 2017 WHO classification is not a new edition but an update and revision of the 4th edition. New provisional entities but not new definitive entities are included, and novel molecular data in most of the entities and changes in the nomenclature in few of them have been incorporated. In the context of the mature T‐ and NK‐cell neoplasms, the most relevant updates concern to: 1—dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway due to gene mutations which are common to various aggressive and indolent neoplasms; 2—incorporation of new molecular players that are relevant to the pathogenesis of these neoplasms and/or have prognostic implications; 3—inclusion of new provisional entities within the subgroups of anaplastic, primarily intestinal and cutaneous lymphomas such as breast implant‐associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, indolent T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and primary cutaneous acral CD8+ T‐cell lymphoma; 4—identification of poor prognostic subtypes of peripheral T‐cell lymphomas not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS) characterized by overexpression of certain genes and of a subgroup PTCL, NOS with a T follicular phenotype that now is included together with angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma under the umbrella of lymphomas with a T follicular helper phenotype; and 5—refinement on the designation and definition of already established entities. A review of the major changes will be outlined.
Challenges to laboratory hematology practice: Egypt perspective
Authors: Rizk S.H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLaboratory hematology is an integral part of all clinical laboratories along the extensive healthcare facilities in Egypt. The aim of this review is to portrait the laboratory hematology practice in Egypt including its unique socioeconomic background, blood disease pattern, education and training, regulatory oversight, and the related challenges. Current practice varies widely between different parts of the healthcare system in terms of the range of tests, applied techniques, workforce experience, and quality of service. The national transfusion service (NBTS) in Egypt has been recently upgraded and standardized according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Formal postgraduate education roughly follows the British system. Laboratory hematology specialization is achieved through 2‐3 years masters' degree followed by 2‐4 years doctorate degree in clinical pathology with training and research in hematology. Improvement of laboratory hematology education is recently undergoing a reform as a part of the modernization of higher education policy and following the standards developed by the National Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency (NQAAA). Accreditation of medical laboratories is recently progressing with the development of the “Egyptian Accreditation Council” (EGAC) as the sole accreditation body system and training of assessors. Current laboratory system has many challenges, some are related to the inadequate system performance, and others are unique to laboratory hematology issues. The rapid technological advances and therapeutic innovations in hematology practice call for an adapting laboratory system with continuous upgrading.
Evaluation of minimal residual disease in childhoodALL
Authors: Béné Marie C. , Eveillard Marion 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the most frequent cancers of that age range. Tremendous progress has been achieved in the treatment of these diseases, and increasing numbers of patients are actually cured and live normal lives thereafter. The treatment however remains a complex and serious ordeal. Although statistics are more than encouraging, the specific care of any given patient must be considered with a personalized approach. Among modern tools of disease monitoring, minimal residual disease assessment has earned increasing appeal and now tends to be rather dubbed “measurable” residual disease as the major goal of therapy was the complete eradication of the pathological clone. In this review, the basic characteristics ofALLdiagnosis will be briefly recalled, before summarizing available techniques and providing some considerations on the clinical relevance and strategies of childhoodALL MRDevaluation.
Introducing social protection in the Middle East and North Africa: Prospects for a new social contract?
Authors: Loewe Markus , Jawad Rana 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe introductory article of this special issue looks at the genesis, characteristics and challenges of social protection schemes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). It argues that social protection policies in the MENA should be seen as a key ingredient of the social contract that governments offered to their citizens after independence. To compensate for the lack of political participation and accountability, free public health and education systems, generous food, energy and water subsidies, social insurance and assistance schemes and mass public‐sector employment were established. This was possible because MENA countries benefitted from substantial windfall profits (from the export of oil, gas and minerals; Suez Canal user fees), as well as from income from remittances from migrant workers and income from politically motivated aid. The decline of income from some of these sources and population growth has led MENA governments to focus more closely their social protection spending on strategically important social groups: typically, the urban upper middle class. As a result, social protection systems in MENA countries currently suffer from severe weaknesses in terms of social fairness, efficiency and sustainability. Although MENA countries still spend a very considerable share of gross domestic product on their social protection schemes, these have only very limited effects on the reduction of poverty, vulnerability and inequality – and some even exhibit perverse “bottom‐up” redistributive outcomes. The articles that comprise this special issue selectively spotlight a number of opportunities and challenges for the development of sustainable social protection in the MENA countries.
A retrospective medical records review of risk factors for the development of respiratory tract secretions (death rattle) in the dying patient
Authors: Kolb Hildegard , Snowden Austyn , Stevens Elaine , Atherton Iain 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimIdentification of risk factors predicting the development of death rattle.BackgroundRespiratory tract secretions, often called death rattle, are among the most common symptoms in dying patients around the world. It is unknown whether death rattle causes distress in patients, but it has been globally reported that distress levels can be high in family members. Although there is a poor evidence base, treatment with antimuscarinic medication is standard practice worldwide and prompt intervention is recognized as crucial for effectiveness. The identification of risk factors for the development of death rattle would allow for targeted interventions.DesignA case–control study was designed to retrospectively review two hundred consecutive medical records of mainly cancer patients who died in a hospice inpatient setting between 2009–2011. Fifteen potential risk factors including the original factors weight, smoking, final opioid dose and final midazolam dose were investigated.MethodsBinary logistic regression to identify risk factors for death rattle development.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed death rattle was significantly associated with final Midazolam doses and final opioid doses, length of dying phase and anticholinergic drug load in the pre‐terminal phase. In the final logistic regression model only Midazolam was statistically significant and only at final doses of 20 mg/24 hrs or over (OR 3.81 CI 1.41–10.34).ConclusionsDying patients with a requirement for a high dose of Midazolam have an increased likelihood of developing death rattle.
Using commercial video games in flipped classrooms to support physical concept construction
Authors: Ye S.‐H. , Hsiao T.‐Y. , Sun C.‐T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBased on the flipped‐classroom model and the potential motivational and instructional benefits of digital games, we describe a flipped game‐based learning (FGBL) strategy focused on preclass and overall learning outcomes. A secondary goal is to determine the effects, if any, of the classroom aspects of the FGBL strategy on learning efficiency. Our experiments involved 2 commercial games featuring physical motion concepts: Ballance (Newton's law of motion) and Angry Birds (mechanical energy conservation). We randomly assigned 87 8th‐grade students to game instruction (digital game before class and lecture‐based instruction in class), FGBL strategy (digital game before class and cooperative learning in the form of group discussion and practice in class), or lecture‐based instruction groups (no gameplay). Results indicate that the digital games exerted a positive effect on preclass learning outcomes and that FGBL‐strategy students achieved better overall learning outcomes than their lecture‐based peers. Our observation of similar overall outcomes between the cooperative learning and lecture‐based groups suggests a need to provide additional teaching materials or technical support when introducing video games to cooperative classroom learning activities.
Developmental changes in longitudinal associations between academic achievement and psychopathological symptoms from late childhood to middle adolescence
Authors: Zhang Wenxin , Zhang Liang , Chen Liang , Ji Linqin , Deater‐Deckard Kirby 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundResearch reveals longitudinal bidirectional associations between changes in academic achievement and psychopathological symptoms. However, little is known about developmental changes in the magnitude of these associations, from childhood to adolescence.MethodsParticipants were 648 Chinese children (347 males) who were followed from Grade 5 (mean age: 11.18 years) to Grade 9. Academic achievement and two types of symptoms (externalizing, depressive) were assessed annually. Structural equation modeling was used to examine longitudinal bidirectional associations between achievement and psychopathological symptoms, and developmental changes in effect sizes. Models were estimated using cross‐lagged panel modeling (CLPM), as well as random intercepts cross‐lagged panel modeling (RI‐CLPM).ResultsThe data supported the hypothesized academic incompetence and adjustment erosion effects, as well as the hypothesized developmental change in the academic incompetence effect whereby prior achievement's effects on subsequent externalizing increased with age. Results were similar for both genders and unaffected by inclusion of common risk factors as covariates.ConclusionsThere are bidirectional associations between symptoms and achievement that change markedly across the transition into adolescence. Interpreting the effects using a developmental perspective, changes in reciprocal effects may be dynamic. The findings suggest that targeting both psychopathology and low academic achievement is worthwhile, but that distinct treatment effects will be found in childhood versus adolescence.
The Dynamics of Financially Constrained Arbitrage
Authors: GROMB DENIS , VAYANOS DIMITRI 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWe develop a model in which financially constrained arbitrageurs exploit price discrepancies across segmented markets. We show that the dynamics of arbitrage capital are self‐correcting: following a shock that depletes capital, returns increase, which allows capital to be gradually replenished. Spreads increase more for trades with volatile fundamentals or more time to convergence. Arbitrageurs cut their positions more in those trades, except when volatility concerns the hedgeable component. Financial constraints yield a positive cross‐sectional relationship between spreads/returns and betas with respect to arbitrage capital. Diversification of arbitrageurs across markets induces contagion, but generally lowers arbitrageurs' risk and price volatility.
Food texture and sweetener type modify sweetness perception in whey protein‐based model foods
Authors: Wagoner T. B. , McCain H. R. , Foegeding E. A. , Drake M. A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn an effort to formulate healthier food products, sugar is often reduced or replaced with artificial or natural non‐nutritive sweeteners. However, the removal of sucrose often changes food texture, and non‐nutritive sweeteners inherently exhibit differences in sweetness quality, onset, and overall intensity. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of texture on sweetness dose‐response profiles of whey protein solutions sweetened with sucrose, sucralose, stevia, or monk fruit extracts, and to assess temporal progression of dominant attributes. Whey protein‐based model foods with different textural properties were generated without modifying composition by varying heating time. Dose‐response power functions and iso‐sweet equivalencies were determined using magnitude estimation scaling. Temporal profiles of dominant texture, taste, and flavor attributes were evaluated using temporal dominance of sensations (TDS). A significant texture‐sweetener interaction effect was observed (p < .05), where more viscous or semisolid textures required greater amounts of sweetener for iso‐sweetness. Moreover, the dose‐response slope decreased with increasing thickness for sucralose, stevia, and monk fruit‐sweetened textures. Results of TDS indicated that increased thickness prolonged the dominance of several attributes. This study shows that sugar reduction strategies are not universal; food matrix, sweetener type, and usage level need to be considered when attempting to modify texture or reduce sucrose.Practical applicationsSucrose reduction, use of nonnutritive sweeteners, and texture modification are all ways in which food manufacturers can increase the healthful quality of the food supply. However, these types of modifications can alter the overall sensory properties of a food. Texture‐taste interactions are not currently well understood, and knowledge in this area is important for designing ways to modify texture or reduce sucrose for health and enjoyment. The results of this study provide insight into texture‐taste interactions, indicating that sugar reduction or replacement strategies are not one size fits all and are likely product and sweetener‐specific.