bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Side dominance does not affect dynamic control strength ratios in the shoulder
Authors: Gulick Dawn T. , Dustman Chrisa S. , Ossowski Laura L. , Outslay M. Duncan , Thomas Christine P. , Trucano Sean 
Published: October 2018

{\it Purpose:} To examine the normal strength relationship between eccentric external rotation (EccER) and concentric internal rotation (ConIR) strength ratios of the shoulder in the dominant and non-dominant extremities of healthy subjects. {\it Methods:} Fourteen men and sixteen women were tested in the scapular plane using two angular velocities: 90 and 120°/s. The dependent variables were: peak torque (PT), work per repetition (W/rep), and total work (TW) ratios. {\it Results:} The EccER: ConIR ratio in a non-athletic population was significantly greater (p < 0.05) for the dominant than the non-dominant extremities for PT, W/rep, and TW. There was no significant difference in torque production between the two-isokinetic velocities. W/rep and TW ratios were significantly higher in females than in males. Although PT was not statistically significant, a similar relationship existed (p=0.069). {\it Conclusion:} In a healthy, non-athletic population, when tested at 90 or 120°/s, the EccER is just slight greater than its ConIR counterpart in women and men alike.
Learning effect in isokinetic testing of ankle invertors and evertors
Authors: Cingel, van E.H.R. , Kleinrensink G.J. , Rooijens P.P.G.M. , Uitterlinden E.J. , Aufdemkampe G. , Stoeckart R. 
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a motor learning effect exists during concentric isokinetic testing of the ankle invertor and evertor muscles of the dominant and non-dominant leg. Thirty-three subjects aged 22 to 57 years without any experience in isokinetic testing, were randomly assigned to one out of three test velocity groups (30, 60 or 120°/s). Each velocity group consisted of 11 subjects. Invertors and evertors of the dominant and non-dominant leg were tested. All subjects performed five sets of two maximal concentric inversion-eversion movements on a calibrated CYBEX 6000 dynamometer. For the invertors of the dominant leg at 30 and 120°/s. the mean PKTQ%B the first set. For the evertors of the dominant leg and the invertors and evertors of the non-dominant leg no statistically significant difference was found. To exclude possible bias of learning effects in concentric isokinetic testing of inversion-eversion muscles, we advise a practice session of two sets of two maximal inversion-eversion movements.
Influences of physical activity in stroke patients with hemiplegia on pulse wave velocity
Authors: Murakami Masahito , Kato Junich , Maeda Noriaki , Takahashi Kentarou , Furukawa Hiroshi 
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was three-fold: 1. To measure brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) in fifteen stroke patients with hemiplegia (9 males and 6 females; 60±10 years old) 2. To examine changes in baPWV due to rehabilitation by physiotherapy; and 3. To evaluate the effects of an increase in physical activities on baPWV. BaPWV decreased significantly from 1,885±374 before rehabilitation to 1,770±374 cm/sec after rehabilitation (p<0.0005) on the paralyzed side and from 1,714±374 to 1,568±364 cm/sec(p<0.001) on the non-paralyzed side. The serum total cholesterol level did not evidence significant change. The FIM, which represents the degree of functional independence, increased significantly from 52±21 to 75±29 (p<0.0005). A significant positive correlation (r=0.58, p<0.05) was observed between ΔFIM and ΔbaPWV on the paralyzed side. In stroke patients with motor disorders due to hemiplegia, baPWV was significantly higher on the paralyzed side than on the non-paralyzed side, suggesting a decrease in the arterial extensibility due to motor paralysis. Furthermore, baPWV was improved by rehabilitation, and this improvement was related to an increase in physical activities. It is hence concluded that baPWV may be considered an effective index of the rehabilitation.
Influence of rest period duration between successive muscular strength sets on acute modifications of blood pressure and heart rate in the healthy subject
Authors: Lamotte M. , Fournier F. , Vanissum A. , van de Borne Ph 
Published: October 2018

Objective. To measure the impact of different recovery periods on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) during classical resistance training (RT) modalities Background. Resistance training was introduced into rehabilitation programs to improve the efficiency of traditional training. The impact of different RT modalities on muscular performance is well known but the recovery periods between successive RT sets recommended in the literature varied between 30 s and 5 min. Method. Twenty one healthy subjects were tested while performing a classical RT paradigm: 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of 1-RM, with recovery periods of 30, 60, 90 and 120 s. Results. A recovery period of 30 or 60 s did not allow a return of SBP and HR to resting values. A progressive drift of the values was observed in the successive rests as well as in the successive efforts. A recovery period longer than 60 s (90 and 120 s) allowed a return of SBP and HR to resting values. Conclusions. A recovery period of 90 s or more between successive classical RT sets is recommended in order to avoid excessive SBP and HR elevation.
Test-retest reproducibility of isokinetic lifting strength measurements
Authors: Yuzer Serdil , Aydog Ece , Gurcay Eda , Unlu Ece , Cakci Aytul 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To determine the intra-rater reproducibility of normalized lifting strength (NLS) measurements. Methods: 30 healthy male volunteers with a mean age of 28.16 ± 7.59 years participated in this study. Each subject was tested by the same physician twice in a week, with at least 48 hours between the test sessions. For the evaluation of intra-rater reproducibility, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the smallest real difference (SRD) and Bland and Altman method were used. Results: Intra-rater ICCs of the NLS were 0.77 and 0.67 at 19.4 and 38.9 cm/s, respectively. The SEM% were 13.2% and 20.1% while the SRD% were 36.6% and 55.8% at these velocities, respectively. Conclusions: The reproducibility of NLS using the Biodex Lift Simulation Attachment was moderate in terms of the ICC and low in terms of the SRD. Thus the test, as described and applied is not sufficiently sensitive to detect clinically relevant changes.
Isokinetic norms for ankle, knee, shoulder and forearm muscles in young South African men
Authors: Lategan Leon 
Published: October 2018

Background and objectives: Isokinetic test results are often evaluated against a norm or normal value. Previous research on isokinetics is prolific however, different populations present with different "normal" values. Thus, the aim of the present study was to establish isokinetic norms for the ankle, knee, shoulder, elbow and forearm joints in young, South African men. Methods: Four hundred and thirty eight (N=438) young male participants (19.06 ± 1.86 yrs) were evaluated in terms of isokinetic peak torque of the ankle, knee, shoulder and forearm. A Cybex 340 isokinetic dynamometer was used to evaluate their concentric peak torque at a low velocity(30 or 60°/s); gravity was not corrected for. The data was tested for normality and the descriptive statistics were calculated. Percentile scores were subsequently constructed. Results: Normative values for peak torque, peak torque per body mass and agonist-antagonist ratios were constructed for the ankle, knee, shoulder and forearm. Conclusions: Results from this study might provide useful norms for the clinical evaluation of low-velocity, concentric peak torque in young males, when gravity correction is not performed.
What is normal isokinetic shoulder strength or strength ratios? A systematic review
Authors: Land Helen , Gordon Susan 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: To systematically review the literature regarding isokinetic testing to identify values for isokinetic shoulder strength and agonist/antagonist ratios in the general population which may be used as reference values when assessing, planning and implementing shoulder rehabilitation. Methods: Electronic databases were systematically searched and reference lists of all retrieved papers were hand searched and nine relevant studies were identified. Two independent reviewers assessed methodological quality and extracted data. Results: Seven studies reported the effect of limb dominance on strength with four reporting no significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs. The studies which compared muscle strength with gender concluded that men were significantly stronger than women at all speeds in all directions. Age was reported to have no significant effect on muscle strength. Four studies agreed that adduction and extension muscle strength were greater than other directions and flexion, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation were the next strongest in that order. Conclusions: Nine low and moderate quality research papers have attempted to establish isokinetic shoulder strength in a general population. Poor consistency with respect to sample sizes, randomization and selection of testing velocities and positions did not allow direct comparison of the results. Future research involving symptomatic subjects will need to be matched to a group of subjects from the general population of the same age, gender and physical profile with adequate sample sizes representative of the symptomatic population.
Effect of acute and chronic submaximal exercise on plasma renin and aldosterone levels in football players
Authors: Patlar Suleyman 
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to examine effects of acute and chronic submaximal exercise on plasma renin and aldosterone levels in football players. Seven apparently healthy, male footballer subjects took part in the study. The subjects were exercised on ergometric bicycles for 20-min at 75% of Max VO $_{2}$ , 3 days a week for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected on 4 occasions: before the exercise, immediately after the exercise, as well as 2 hours and 24 hours after the exercise. Plasma renin and aldosterone levels (RIA) were measured. Exercise significantly increased plasma renin and aldosterone levels of the athletes before and after the exercise(p < 0.05). The levels at the 2nd hour following exercise dropped significantly in comparison to those immediately after the exercise(p< 0.05). Plasma values one day after the exercise were significantly lower than those after the 2nd hour (p < 0.05). Consequently, acute and 4-week chronic submaximal exercise have significant effects on plasma renin and aldosterone levels in football players(p< 0.05).
Plyometric muscular action tests in judo- and non-judo athletes
Authors: Monteiro Luís Fernandes , Massuça Luís Miguel , García José García , Carratala Vicent , Proença Jorge 
Published: October 2018

The majority of explosive actions during the Judo fight occur when the athlete is trying to overcome his/her adversary via rapid execution(s) of(isolated or chained) technical manoeuvres. The aim of this study was to compare the results of two plyometric muscular action tests (i.e., Squat Jump– SJ, and Countermovement Jump – CMJ) between judo- and non-judo- athletes. The investigation involved a cross-sectional examination of 102 subjects (age, 21.9 ± 3.4 years) divided into 3 performance groups: a) Senior top elite judo athletes (n=50), b) Junior elite judo athletes (n=26) and c) Adult non-judo athletes(n=26). Thirteen biomechanical variables (including jump height, velocity, power, force in SJ and CMJ; time to peak force, to peak power and between peaks) were examined. The dataset was analysed using a Univariate analysis of variance. No significant differences in anthropometric variables were observed between groups. However, significant differences were observed in: a) jump height and peak velocity (SJ, CMJ), b) peak power and peak force(SJ), and c) peak eccentric force, peak eccentric power and peak concentric power (CMJ). We conclude that: a) the center of mass displacement achieved in the CMJ is higher than in the SJ; b) the optimisation of coordination between the eccentric and concentric phases of muscle action is not the primary determinant of performance of Judo athletes; and c) the main pre-requisite for success in elite judo athletes is superior peak eccentric power.
Isokinetic measurements of ankle strength and proprioception in patients with flatfoot
Authors: Yalcin Elif , Kurtaran Aydan , Selcuk Barin , Onder Burcu , Yildirim Makbule Ozge , Akyuz Mufit 
Published: October 2018

Background: Flexible flatfoot deformity is likely to be caused by ligamentous laxity of the medial longitudinal arch, and this deformity could change the mechanics of other joints, ligaments and tendons as well as foot alignment. Aim: We hypothesized that position sense and muscle strength could be impaired in patients with flatfoot compared to normal controls, therefore we investigated position sense and ankle eversion inversion strengths of individuals with flexible flatfoot. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: A rehabilitation center. Population: Twenty-six individuals with flexible flatfoot and 27 healthy control subjects were evaluated. Methods: Absolute error (in degrees) for passive reproduction of joint position tests and peak isokinetic strength of ankle muscles for eversion and inversion were tested using the Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. Results: For individuals with flatfoot, passive reproduction of joint position error scores in eversion were significantly higher for the dominant side compared with the control group. No significant differences in eversion and inversion muscle strength between flexible flatfoot and control groups were found. Conclusion: We suggest that flexible flatfoot deformity may cause deficits in proprioception accuracy. Clinical Rehabilitation Impact: In our opinion, clinicians must be aware and should take into account this possible deficit in the management of these patients.
ORGANISATION PATTERN OF MARTIN LUTHER KING JR’S ARGUMENTATIVE SPEECH
Authors: Sopha Diana 
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini mengkaji pola susunan ide pada pidato argumentasi Martin Luther King Jr. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi jenis pola susunan ide yang digunakan dalam pidato argumentasinya dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana ide pro dan kontra disusun sehingga menghasilkan suatu pidato argumentasi yang dapat dipahami, menarik perhatian dan mempengaruhi publik. Melalui metode penelitian qualitatif deskriptif, diperoleh hasil penelitian bahwa pidato argumentasi tersebut menggunakan 2 pola susunan yaitu Thesisˆ CON+Refutationˆ PRO Ideaˆ Conclusion dan pola susunan Thesisˆ PRO IdeaˆCON + Refutationˆ Conclusion. Dengan demikian, ide dalam pidato tersebut disusun secara sistematis melalui tesis yang diikuti dengan ide pro atau kontra dan ditutup dengan kesimpulan. Selanjutnya, setiap ide pro dan kontra selalu didukung dengan contoh atau bukti untuk mendukung kebenaran ide yang disampaikan melalui pidato argumentasinya.
IMPLEMENTASI PENCATATAN KEUANGAN PADA USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH
Authors: Andarsari Pipit Rosita , Dura Justita 
Published: October 2018

This study aims to determine the application of financial records on small and medium business units (SMEs) because the SME sector is currently the sector that became the government's flagship. The analytical technique used qualitative descriptive analysis, using intepretive paradigm. Data collected through observation and in-depth interviews to informants to see the practice of applying financial records has been presented properly and correctly and refers to the theory of accounting systems associated with general-purpose financial records. There are two forms of accounting practice in SME Sanan - Malang, which is accounting only practiced in the mind / memory and made some accounting records to the preparation of financial statements balance and L / R. The benefits of these two forms of accounting are limited to the control of some business activities. In this case, SMEs still do not have the ability to present complete and appropriate financial information.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN, STRUKTUR MODAL, DAN IOS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR TERDAFTAR DI BEI.
Authors: Alamsyah Agus Rahman , Muchlas Zainul 
Published: October 2018

The long-term goal of this research is to test the effectiveness of financial management theory and research. The research method is explanatory (explanatory research) that research is done to confirm and test whether there is relationship or influence between variables, that is specifically will be tested hypothesis in structural equation. Causal research is a study designed to identify the cause and effect of each relationship between variables on a clearly defined research problem. This research uses data pooling that is merging between time series and cross section data. In this study, the analysis used to test the five hypotheses through path analysis technique and SPSS program version 23. Path coefficient is standardized regression coefficient. The path coefficient is calculated by making two structural equations ie the regression equation showing the hypothesized relationship. The result of this research is the ownership structure having negative and significant effect to the dividend policy; Capital structure has no effect on dividend policy; Capital structure has a positive and significant impact on firm value; The ownership structure affects firm value through dividend policy, or dividends mediating the influence of ownership structure on firm value. Capital structure does not affect the value of the company through dividend policy, but it directly affects the value of the company.
Evidence for Cosmic-Ray Escape in the Small Magellanic Cloud Using Fermi Gamma Rays
Authors: Lopez Laura A. , Auchettl Katie , Linden Tim , Bolatto Alberto D. , Thompson Todd A. , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Galaxy formation simulations demonstrate that cosmic-ray (CR) feedback may be important in the launching of galactic-scale winds. CR protons dominate the bulk of the CR population, yet most observational constraints of CR feedback come from synchrotron emission of CR electrons. In this paper, we analyze 105 months of Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observations of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), with the aim of exploring CR feedback and transport in an external galaxy. We produce maps of the 2–300 GeV emission and detect statistically significant extended emission along the “Bar” and the “Wing,” where active star formation is occurring. Gamma-ray emission is not detected above 13 GeV, and we set stringent upper limits on the flux above this energy. We find the best fit to the gamma-ray spectrum is a single-component model with a power law of index

and an exponential cutoff energy of

GeV. We assess the relative contribution of pulsars and CRs to the emission, and we find that pulsars may produce up to 10

% of the flux above 100 MeV. Thus, we attribute most of the gamma-ray emission (based on its spectrum and morphology) to CR interactions with the interstellar medium. We show that the gamma-ray emissivity of the SMC is at least five times smaller than that of the Milky Way and that the SMC is far below the “calorimetric limit,” where all CR protons experience pion losses. We interpret these findings as evidence that CRs are escaping the SMC via advection and diffusion.
Low-frequency View of GW170817/GRB 170817A with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
Authors: Resmi L. , Schulze S. , Ishwara-Chandra C. H. , Misra K. , Buchner J. , Pasquale M. De , Sánchez-Ramírez R. , Klose S. , Kim S. , Tanvir N. R. , O’Brien P. T. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The short gamma-ray burst (GRB) 170817A was the first GRB associated with a gravitational-wave event. Due to the exceptionally low luminosity of the prompt γ-ray and the afterglow emission, the origin of both radiation components is highly debated. The most discussed models for the burst and the afterglow include a regular GRB jet seen off-axis and the emission from the cocoon encompassing a “choked” jet. Here, we report low radio frequency observations at 610 and 1390 MHz obtained with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. Our observations span a range of ∼7 to ∼152 days after the burst. The afterglow started to emerge at these low frequencies about 60 days after the burst. The 1390 MHz light curve barely evolved between 60 and 150 days, but its evolution is also marginally consistent with an F

ν
∝ t
0.8 rise seen in higher frequencies. We model the radio data and archival X-ray, optical, and high-frequency radio data with models of top-hat and Gaussian structured GRB jets. We performed a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of the structured-jet parameter space. Though highly degenerate, useful bounds on the posterior probability distributions can be obtained. Our bounds of the viewing angle are consistent with that inferred from the gravitational-wave signal. We estimate the energy budget in prompt emission to be an order of magnitude lower than that in the afterglow blast wave.
A Search for Black Hole Microlensing Signatures in Globular Cluster NGC 6656 (M22)
Authors: Kains N. , Calamida A. , Sahu K. C. , Anderson J. , Casertano S. , Bramich D. M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We report the results of a study aiming to detect signs of astrometric microlensing caused by an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) in the center of globular cluster M22 (NGC 6656). We used archival data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) taken between 1995 and 2014 to derive long-baseline astrometric time series for stars near the center of the cluster, using state-of-the-art software to extract high-precision astrometry from images. We then modeled these time-series data and compared microlensing model fits to simple linear proper-motion fits for each selected star. We find no evidence for astrometric microlensing in M22, in particular for bulge stars, which are much more likely to be lensed than cluster stars, due to the geometry of microlensing events. Although it is in principle possible to derive mass limits from such nondetections, we find that no useful mass limits can be derived for M22 with available data, mostly due to a 10 year gap in coverage. This is a result from difficulties with deriving precise enough astrometry from Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 observations for stars that do not fall on the planetary camera chip. However, this study shows that, for other HST instruments, we are able to reach precisions at which astrometric microlensing signals caused by IMBH in globular clusters could be detected and that this technique is a promising tool to make a first unambiguous detection of an IMBH.