bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Eurasia-wide polyploid species complex involving 6x Trifolium ambiguum, 2x T. occidentale and 4x T. repens produces interspecific hybrids with significance for clover breeding
Authors: Williams Warren , Verry Isabelle M , Ansari Helal A , Hussain S Wajid , Ullah Ihsan , Ellison Nicholas W 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Trifolium ambiguum occurs as a 2x, 4x, 6x polyploid series in W Asia, The 6x form is the most agronomically desirable, having strong rhizomatous spread and drought tolerance. These traits would be potentially very valuable if they could be transferred to white clover (T. repens) which is the most important agronomic clover species. However, to-date, no fertile interspecific hybrids with 6x T. ambiguum are available. Previously, 2x T. occidentale from W Europe has produced synthetic fertile hybrids with both 2x and 4x T. ambiguum and these were inter-fertile with white clover. Here we ask whether 2x T. occidentale can form fertile hybrids with 6x T. ambiguum and act as a genetic bridge to white clover and bring these species together as part of a common gene pool. Results Ten verified F1 (6x T. ambiguum x 2x T. occidentale) hybrids were produced by embryo rescue and seven were studied further. All four investigated for chromosome number were 2n=4x=32 and FISH confirmed the expected 21 T. ambiguum and 8 T. occidentale chromosomes. Hybrid fertility was extremely low but 2n female gametes functioned with white clover pollen to produce seeds. Derived plants were confirmed using FISH and were successfully backcrossed to white clover to produce partially fertile breeding populations. Conclusions Although T. occidentale and 6x T. ambiguum are widely separated by geography and ecological adaptation they have maintained enough genomic affinity to produce partially fertile hybrids. Inter-fertility of the hybrids with allotetraploid T. repens showed that T. occidentale can provide a genetic bridge between 6x T. ambiguum and white clover to produce plants with new phenotypes combining the traits of all three species. Use of this information should enable potentially valuable stress tolerance traits from 6x T. ambiguum to be used in white clover breeding for the first time.
Point-of-care ultrasound defines gastric content in elective surgical patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhou Li , Yang Yi , Yang Lei , Cao Wei , Jing Heng , Xu Yan , Jiang Xiaojuan , Xu Danfeng , Xiao Qianhui , Jiang Chunling , Bo Lulong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Delayed gastric emptying and the resultant “full stomach” is the most important risk factor for perioperative pulmonary aspiration. Using point-of-care gastric sonography, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of full stomach and its risk factors in elective surgical patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods Type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic elective surgical patients were included from July 2017 to April 2018 in a 1:1 ratio. The study was retrospectively registered at July 2017, after enrollment of the first participant. Gastric ultrasound was performed 2h after ingesting clear fluid or 6h after a light meal. Full stomach was defined by the presence of gastric content in both semi-recumbent and right lateral decubitus positions. For patients with full or intermediate stomach, consecutive ultrasound scan was performed until empty stomach was detected. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with full stomach.
Results Fifty-two type 2 diabetic and fifty non-diabetic patients were analyzed. The prevalence of full stomach was 48.1% (25/52) in diabetic patients, with 44.0% for 2-hour fast after clear fluid and 51.9% for 6-hour fast after a light meal, significantly higher than 8% (4/50) in non-diabetic patients (P=0.000). The average time to empty stomach in diabetic patients was 146.50±40.91 mins for clear liquid and 426.50±45.25 mins for light meal, respectively. Further analysis indicated that presence of diabetes-related eye disease was an independent risk factor of full stomach in diabetic patients (OR=4.83, P=0.010).
Conclusions Almost half of type 2 diabetic patients have a full stomach following the current preoperative fasting guideline. Preoperative ultrasound assessment of gastric content in type 2 diabetic patients is suggested, especially for those with diabetes -related eye disease.
Key words : type 2 diabetes mellitus; gastric emptying; regurgitation and aspiration; ultrasonography
Maternal and Fetal outcomes of Cesarean Delivery and factors associated with its unfavorable management outcomes; In Ayder Specialized Comprehensive Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2017.
Authors: mengesha Meresa Berwo , Adhanu Hadgay Hagos , weldegeorges Desta Abraha , Assefa Natnael Etsay , werid Woldu mammo , weldemariam Mulu Gebretsadik , welay fissaha tekulu , Hidru Hagos Degefa , Gebru Tesfay tsegay 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the unfavorable outcomes and to assess factors contribute for the unfavorable management outcomes after caesarean deliveries in Ayder Specialized Comprehensive Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2017.
Results: The unfavorable maternal management outcomes were Adhesion 28(8.3%), excessive blood loss and blood transfusion 19(5.6%), caesarean hysterectomy 10(3%), relaparotomy 5(1.5%), wound infection and wound dehiscence 23(6.8%).Unfavorable fetal outcomes were were still birth 9(2.6%), early neonatal death 8(2.4%), low birth weight 58(17.2%). Women’s who did not booked for Antenatal Care and having history of previous Caesarean delivery were found to be associated with unfavorable maternal outcomes and indications of Caesarean delivery as obstructed labor was associated with unfavorable fetal outcomes.
Key words: caesarean delivery, fetal outcomes, maternal outcomes.
Multi-HLA class II tetramer analyses of citrulline-reactive T cells and early treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gerstner Christina , Turcinov Sara , Hensvold Aase H , Chemin Karine , Uchtenhagen Hannes , Ramwadhdoebe Tamara H , Dubnovitsky Anatoly , Kozhukh Genadiy , Rönnblom Lars , Kwok William W , Achour Adnane , Catrina Anca I , Baarsen Lisa G. M. van , Malmström Vivianne 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: HLA class II tetramers can be used for ex vivo enumeration and phenotypic characterization of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. They are increasingly applied in settings like allergy, vaccination and autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder for which many autoantigens have been described.
Results: Using multi-parameter flow cytometry, we developed a multi-HLA class II tetramer approach to simultaneously study several antigen specificities in RA patient samples. We focused on previously described citrullinated HLA-DRB1*04:01-restricted T cell epitopes from α-enolase, fibrinogen-b, vimentin as well as cartilage intermediate layer protein (CILP).First, we examined inter-assay variability and the sensitivity of the assay in peripheral blood from healthy donors (n=7). Next, we confirmed the robustness and sensitivity in a cohort of RA patients with repeat blood draws (n=14). We then applied our method in two different settings. We assessed lymphoid tissue from seropositive arthralgia (n=5) and early RA patients (n=5) and could demonstrate autoreactive T cells in individuals at risk of developing RA. Lastly, we studied peripheral blood from early RA patients (n=10) and found that the group of patients achieving minimum disease activity (DAS28 <2.6) at 6 months follow-up displayed a decrease in the frequency of citrulline-specific memory T cells.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the development of a sensitive tetramer panel allowing simultaneous characterization of antigen-specific T cells in ex vivo patient samples including RA ‘at risk’ subjects. This multi-tetramer approach can be useful for longitudinal immune-monitoring in any disease with known HLA-restriction element and several candidate antigens.
Cost-effectiveness of insulin degludec versus insulin glargine U100 in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bulgaria
Authors: Russel-Szymczyk Monika , Valov Vasil , Savova Alexandra , Manova Manoela 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background This study investigates the cost-effectiveness of insulin degludec (degludec) versus biosimilar insulin glargine U100 (glargine U100) in patients with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bulgaria.Methods A simple, short-term model was used to compare the treatment costs and outcomes associated with hypoglycaemic events with degludec versus glargine U100 in patients with T1DM and T2DM from the perspective of the Bulgarian National Health Insurance Fund. Cost-effectiveness was analysed over a 1-year time horizon using data from clinical trials. The outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).Results Degludec was highly cost-effective versus glargine U100 in people with T1DM and T2DM in Bulgaria. The ICERs were estimated to be 4,493.68 BGN/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) in T1DM, 399.11 BGN/QALY in T2DM on basal oral therapy (T2DM BOT ) and 7,365.22 BGN/QALY in T2DM on basal bolus therapy (T2DM B/B ), which all fall below the cost-effectiveness threshold of 39,619 BGN in Bulgaria. Insulin costs were higher with degludec in all three patient groups, however these were partially offset by savings from a reduction in hypoglycaemic events with degludec versus glargine U100. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results were robust and largely insensitive to variations in input parameters. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of 39,619 BGN/QALY, the probability of degludec being cost-effective versus glargine U100 was 60.0% in T1DM, 99.4% in T2DM BOT and 91.3% in T2DM B/B .Conclusion Degludec is a cost-effective alternative to biosimilar glargine U100 for patients with T1DM and T2DM in Bulgaria. Degludec could be of particular benefit to those patients suffering recurrent hypoglycaemia and those who require additional flexibility in the dosing of insulin.
Return to Play After Hip Arthroscopy Among Tennis Players: Outcomes with Minimum Five-Year Follow-up
Authors: Maldonado David R. , Yelton Mitchell J. , Rosinsky Philip J. , Shapira Jacob , Meghpara Mitchell , Domb Benjamin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Playing tennis is associated with various movements that can lead to labral injuries and may require arthroscopic surgery. While hip arthroscopies have demonstrated good outcomes in athletes, there is limited literature reporting Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) and return to play in competitive or recreational tennis players after hip arthroscopic surgery. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to (1) report minimum five-year PROs and return to sport in tennis players who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery and (2) compare outcomes between recreational and competitive tennis players.
Methods: Data for patients who underwent hip arthroscopy surgery in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and labral tears between March 2009 and January 2014 and who played tennis at any level within one-year of surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with preoperative and minimum five-year postoperative scores for the following PROs were included: modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score-Sport Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Patients with preoperative Tönnis osteoarthritis Grade >1, Workers’ Compensation claims, age > 60 years old, or previous ipsilateral hip surgeries or conditions were excluded. Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State (PASS) and Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for mHHS and HOS-SSS were calculated.
Results: Of 28 patients, 31 hips met all inclusion and exclusion criteria of which 28 (90.3%) had minimum 5-year follow-up (mean: 72.8 ± 13.9 months). There were 3 professional, 3 collegiate, 2 high school, 2 organized amateur, and 18 recreational level tennis players. All PROs significantly improved at latest follow-up: mHHS from 67.0 to 86.7 (P < 0.001), NAHS from 65.9 to 87.2 (P < 0.001), HOS-SSS from 50.0 to 77.9 (P = 0.009), and VAS from 5.4 to 1.8 (P < 0.001). There was a 75.0% return to sport rate. Additionally, 66.7% of patients achieved MCID and 83.3% achieved PASS for mHHS, and 63.6% achieved MCID and 58.3% achieved PASS for HOS-SSS.
Conclusion: Regardless of the level of participation, tennis players who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery reported statistically significant PRO improvements. A favorable rate of return to sport was also achieved.
Evaluation of the "Licence, Master, Doctorate" reform at the Health Sciences faculty of the University of Lomé: strengths and weaknesses
Authors: TECLESSOU Julienne , KPELAO Essossinam , SAKA Bayaki 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the License, Master, and Doctorate (LMD) reform since its introduction to the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Lomé.MethodsIt was an opinion poll conducted from August 1 to November 1, 2018 among teachers of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Lome. We have studied the general data, the strengths and weaknesses, the problems generated and not yet solved by the LMD.ResultsSeventy-six of the 113 teachers answered the questionnaires. The median age of teachers was 41 years and M / F sex ratio of = 11.7. More than half (64.5%) of the teachers had not received training on the implementation of the LMD reform at the Health Sciences Faculty (HSF).The course explanation (100%) associated with the delivery of lessons as a mimeograph (89.5%) was the first method of instruction. The main strengths of the LMD were a better system of student evaluation (homework organization, limitation of frauds) (27.6%) and the organization of lessons in teaching unit with teaching unit capitalization (26.3%). The weak points were the lack of human and material resources (27.6%), the plethoric number of students (22.4%) and the fact that the LMD reform is not adapted to the FSS (22.4%). The bloated number of students was the problem caused by the LMD according to 40.8% of the teachers and the problem not yet solved by the LMD was the absence of intermediate degrees actually delivered during the training according to 34.2% of the teachers.ConclusionThe entry of Togo's public universities into the LMD reform is justified by a subregional integration objective. However, it is necessary to adapt this reform to local realities in order to ensure proper training and facilitate the task for the various actors.
Assessment of The Reproducibility And Precision For Milling And Prototyped Surgical Guides
Authors: Mukai Sueli , Mukai Eduardo , DDS Jamil Awad Shibli , GIRO GABRIELA 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Technological advancements in dentistry in the past decade have led to many innovations and improvements. These advances have led to faster procedures that are more comfortable for the patient and dental surgeon compared to standard methodologies, such as conventional impressions and implant placement surgeries performed without surgical guides or with conventional handmade guides, which generate less predictable results. Use of CAD/CAM technology, both in manufacturing prostheses and in surgical planning, has led to optimization of the procedures and reductions of patient morbidity. Techniques have been developed for the preparation of surgical guides with the goal of optimizing the surgical procedure. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the reproducibility and precision of two types of surgical guides, obtained by using prototyping and milling methods.Methods: A virtual model was developed, which allowed the virtual design of surgical guide projections that were milled (n = 10) or prototyped (n = 10). Surgical guides were digitally oriented and overlapped on the virtual model that had generated them. In this way, mismatches from the master model were determined. Coefficients of variation, root mean square deviations, and mismatches during an overlap were evaluated. Results: The evaluations showed that the prototyped surgical guides had a higher coefficient of variation than the milled guides.Conclusions: Milling of the guides resulted in smaller misalignments from the master model.
Probiotic microbes induce different resonses from bovine bronchial alveolar lavage cells in vitro
Authors: Eicher Susan D. , Chitko-McKown Carol , Bryan Keith A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective
Probiotics are fed to improve enteric health, and they may also affect respiratory immunity through their exposure to the upper respiratory tract upon ingestion. However, their effect on the respiratory system is not known. Our aim was to determine how probiotics affect functions and markers of bronchoalveolar lung lavage cells (BAL) isolated from lungs of calves at slaughter. Results
Treatments consisted of ten probiotic species and one control treatment. Probiotics and BAL were incubated 1:1 for 2 h at 37° C and 5% CO2. The cell surface markers measured included CD14, CD205, and CD18, and E. coli bioparticles were used to measure phagocytosis and oxidative burst. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 and were noted for percent cells fluorescing and mean fluorescence intensity for CD14 and CD205. Additionally, oxidative burst was different as measured by both percentage of cells fluorescing and mean fluorescence intensity, and phagocytosis differed among species as measured by mean fluorescence intensity. Overall, probiotic species differed in their ability to suppress or increase leukocyte function showing that probiotic bacteria differentially modulate BAL.
The Median Effective Dose (ED50) of cis-Atracurium for Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion during General Anaesthesia for Patients Undergoing Urinary Surgery
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Huang Ke , Yao Dongxu , Xue Jixiu , Wang Tianlong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
In clinical practice, the laryngeal mask airway is an easy-to-use supraglottic airway device. However, the cis- atracurium dosage for laryngeal mask insertion is not standardised. We aimed to determine the optimal dose and hypnotic median effective dose of cis- atracurium using a sequential method for successful laryngeal mask insertion when inducting general anaesthesia.
Method s :
The cohort study protocol is registered at clinicaltrial.gov (NCT-03358680). Twenty-three patients undergoing elective urinary surgery were sequentially administered doses (mg·kg -1 ) of cis- atracurium as follows: 0.15, 0.1, 0.07, 0.05, 0.03, and 0.02. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, bispectral index, and train-of-four were continuously monitored. Successful laryngeal mask insertion occurred without resistance to mouth opening, resistance to insertion, coughing, swallowing, laryngospasm/airway obstruction, and head and body movement. The main outcome was the response to laryngeal mask airway insertion: ≥16 points and <16 points indicated “satisfactory” and “unsatisfactory” responses, respectively. The median effective dose was estimated using the mean of the seven crossovers from “satisfactory” and “unsatisfactory” responses.
Result s :
The median effective dose of cis- atracurium was 0.0265 mg·kg -1 (95% CI 0.0236-0.0298) using the sequential method. The heart rate was decreased in the 0.05 group compared to the 0.03 group at timepoints T7, T8, and T10. The systolic blood pressure was decreased in the 0.02 group compared to the 0.05 group at timepoints T2, T3, T4. The train-of-four value was significantly lower in the 0.05 group than in the 0.03 group at timepoint T3.
Conclusion s :
cis- a tracurium was a good option for muscle relaxation in urinary surgery.
Key Strategies to Address Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Analysis
Authors: AlMossawi Hala Jassim , Longacre Colleen , Kak Neeraj , Joshi Sharanya 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Given their unpredictable nature, their direct impact on human health, as well as their wider environmental, economic, and societal impacts, emerging and reemerging infectious diseases (EIDs) require ongoing and sustained attention, funding, and response from the global community. The purpose of this paper is to understand the institutional capacities necessary to effectively respond to EIDs and highlight key strategies and potential points of intervention. Methods: We undertook a systematic analysis of the existing literature to understand what an effective preparedness and response framework for EIDs would look like. Using the Lancet Infectious Disease Journal and PubMed, we selected all relevant results that described possible epidemic preparedness interventions or EID prevention and control strategies. We included any results published in English and within the last ten years. The different interventions and/or prevention and control strategies were grouped together into larger categories to develop an effective preparedness and response framework for EIDs. Results: An ideal emerging disease preparedness and response environment should center on collaboration between all impacted sectors and a fiscal and social commitment to strengthen the capacity on all levels of the country to respond to threats as they emerge. The potentially impacted sectors are numerous, but many that have been traditionally excluded from disease preparedness activities. Conclusions: When considering how best to participate in emerging disease response activities, it is important to identify these critical points and how interventions might work to strengthen the system in entirety. While these breakdown points are common across many settings, it is imperative that the preparedness and response activities be contextualized to specifics of the disease and setting.
Stable intronic sequence RNAs (sisRNAs) are selected regions in introns with distinct properties
Authors: Jin Jing , He Ximiao , Silva Elena M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Stable introns and intronic fragments make up the largest population of RNA in the oocyte nucleus of the frog Xenopus tropicalis . These stable intronic sequence RNAs (sisRNAs) persist through the onset of zygotic transcription when synchronous cell division has ended and the developing embryo consists of approximately 8000 cells. Despite their abundance, the sequence properties and biological function of sisRNAs are just beginning to be understood. To characterize this population of noncoding RNA, we identified all of the sisRNAs in the X. tropicalis oocyte nucleus using the published high-throughput RNA sequencing data. Our analysis revealed that sisRNAs, have an average length of ~360 bps, are widely expressed from genes with multiple introns, and are derived from specific regions of introns that are GC and TG rich, while CpG poor. They are enriched in introns at both ends of transcripts but preferentially at the 3’ end. The consensus binding sites of specific transcription factors such as Stat3 are enriched in sisRNAs, suggesting an association between sisRNAs and transcription factors involved in early development. Evolutionary conservation analysis of sisRNA sequences in seven vertebrate genomes indicates that sisRNAs are as conserved as other parts of introns, but much less conserved than exons. In total, our results indicate sisRNAs are selected intron regions with distinct properties, supporting a biological function in gene expression regulation.