bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A co‐training based entity recognition approach for cross‐disease clinical documents
Authors: Chen Dehua , Che Nannan , Le Jiajin , Pan Qiao 
Published: April 2018

SummaryEntity recognition plays an important role in building the electronic medical records (EMRs) based medical knowledge graph, which is significant for building Clinical decision support (CDS) system. Cross‐disease clinical documents are context‐related and have different interrelated semantic structures, which bring challenges for entity recognition using traditional methods. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a co‐training based entity recognition approach for cross‐disease clinical documents. In this model, we first build partial annotation corpus of the single disease using dependency syntax analysis and the medical statement rule unifies. Then, according to the partial annotation corpus of different diseases, the sentence level features are extracted through the Bi‐LSTM layer with memory unit and CRF methods, which optimize the whole sequence and improve the combination probability of sequence labels. Finally, the results with higher confidence are selected by cross feedback to label the corpus, which enlarges the size of corpus and improves the accuracy of the document entity recognition. The experiment result proves the availability and high efficiency of our method.
Efficient subgraph search on large anonymized graphs
Authors: Ding Xiaofeng , Ou Yangling , Jia Jianhong , Jin Hai , Liu Jixue 
Published: April 2018

SummaryGraph is one of the most important data structures to model social networks and becomes popular to find interesting relationships between individuals. Since graphs may contain sensitive information, data curators usually need to anonymize the graph before publication to prevent individual re‐identification, which thus leads to plenty of anonymized graphs for data sharing and exploration. However, the new structures and properties of anonymized graphs make the traditional graph indexing method inefficient or even invalid for query processing. To address the subgraph query problem over anonymized graph database, in this paper, we first introduce basic concepts about anonymized graphs and subgraph queries, then propose an index structure named Closure+‐tree to process the subgraph query efficiently. In particular, graphs were organized hierarchically that each node is an union of its child nodes under some specified mapping functions. During the processing of subgraph queries, the whole graph descendants will be pruned if their union does not contain the query graph. To evaluate the performance of our proposed Closure+‐tree, extensive experiments are performed on both real and synthetic graph data sets. The experimental results revealed that our index structure can prune up to 80% unqualified graphs with variable size of queries. Furthermore, the size of our index structure is only around a quarter of the entire anonymized graph data set, which indicates good scalability over large data sets.
Mucor circinelloides: Growth, Maintenance, and Genetic Manipulation
Authors: Vellanki Sandeep , Navarro‐Mendoza Maria Isabel , Garcia Alexis , Murcia Laura , Perez‐Arques Carlos , Garre Victoriano , Nicolas Francisco E. , Lee Soo Chan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMucor circinelloides is a fungus that belongs to the order Mucorales. It grows as mold in the environment and can cause mucormycosis, a potentially fatal infection in immunocompromised patients. M. circinelloides is a biodiesel producer and serves as a model organism for studying several biological processes, such as light responses and RNA interference–mediated gene silencing. Over the past decade, the increasing number of molecular tools has also allowed us to manipulate the genome of this fungus. This article outlines the fundamental protocols for the in vitro growth, maintenance, and genetic manipulation of M. circinelloides in the laboratory. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SINR and throughput improvement for VANET using fuzzy power control
Authors: Sulistyo Selo , Alam Sahirul 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis paper proposes transmission power control for vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) using fuzzy system. Despite the potential advantages of VANET especially for safety and intelligent transportation system, some challenges are discovered during the implementation of VANET. Main challenges emerge because of the dynamic environment and high mobility of vehicle. Furthermore, the interference due to the shared‐spectrum usage can significantly decrease the quality of signal. Fuzzy system is implemented to control the transmission power based on the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) difference with the targeted value of the receiver vehicle and the interference inflicted by the transmitter vehicle. The algorithm of fuzzy power control for VANET is proposed, and the performance is evaluated through the simulations. The results of simulations show that the proposed algorithm can increase SINR of vehicles especially the vehicles with SINR value below the target. Thus, the average of SINR and the throughput of the system can be increased as well.
On the robustness of N‐mixture models
Authors: Link William A. , Schofield Matthew R. , Barker Richard J. , Sauer John R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractN‐mixture models provide an appealing alternative to mark–recapture models, in that they allow for estimation of detection probability and population size from count data, without requiring that individual animals be identified. There is, however, a cost to using the N‐mixture models: inference is very sensitive to the model's assumptions. We consider the effects of three violations of assumptions that might reasonably be expected in practice: double counting, unmodeled variation in population size over time, and unmodeled variation in detection probability over time. These three examples show that small violations of assumptions can lead to large biases in estimation. The violations of assumptions we consider are not only small qualitatively, but are also small in the sense that they are unlikely to be detected using goodness‐of‐fit tests. In cases where reliable estimates of population size are needed, we encourage investigators to allocate resources to acquiring additional data, such as recaptures of marked individuals, for estimation of detection probabilities.
CERRADO SMALL MAMMALS: abundance and distribution of marsupials, lagomorphs, and rodents in a Neotropical savanna
Authors: Mendonça André , Percequillo Alexandre R. , Camargo Nicholas F. , Ribeiro Juliana F. , Palma Alexandre R. T. , Oliveira Leonardo C. , Câmara Edeltrudes M. V. C. , Vieira Emerson M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPatterns in distribution and local abundance of species within a biome are central concerns in ecology and allow the understanding of the effects of habitat loss on rates of species extinction; provide support for the creation and management of reserves; and contribute to the identification and quantification of the processes that allow niche partitioning by species. However, despite the importance in the conservation and management of the ecosystems, most systematized information on the abundance and distribution of small mammals is restricted to the northern hemisphere or forest ecosystems. For tropical biomes, an important part of this information remains dispersed and difficult to access in the form of theses, technical reports, or unpublished data sets. Here we present a comprehensive data set of abundance and richness of small mammals in the Cerrado, the largest Neotropical savanna. This data set includes 2,599 records of 446 sites from 96 studies. More than 50% of references in this data set are peer‐reviewed journal articles, but 45.78% of communities were compiled from theses. The data set comprises 24,283 individuals of 55 genera and at least 118 species of small mammals including 29 marsupials, two lagomorphs (one exotic), and 87 rodents (three exotic). Local species richness ranged from 1 to 26 species (5.82 ± 3.55, average species richness ± SD). We observed hyperdominance of a few species; the 10 most abundant species in this data set represented 60.19% of all recorded individuals. The hairy‐tailed bolo mouse (Necromys lasiurus) represented over than 20% of all individuals and occurred at more than 50% of sites. Furthermore, we identified 18 environments, 16 native vegetation types, and 2 anthropic environments. Typical savanna and gallery forest were the most frequently sampled vegetation types (comprising 46.94% of all sampled sites) and the most speciose ones (57 species for typical savanna and 53 species for gallery forest). The information contained in this data set can be used to analyze ecological questions such as the relationship between local abundance and regional distribution, the relevance of local and regional factors to community structuring, and the role of phylogenetic mechanisms in community assemblage. It can also be useful in conservation efforts in this biodiversity hotspot. No copyright, proprietary, or cost restrictions apply. Please cite this paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.
A morphological database for 606 Colombian bird species
Authors: Montoya Paola , Gonzalez Mailyn A. , Tenorio Elkin A. , López‐Ordóñez Juan Pablo , Pinto Gómez Alejandro , Cueva Diego , Acevedo Rincón Aldemar A. , Angarita Yanes Camilo , Arango Martínez Héctor Manuel , Armesto Orlando , Betancur Jefry S. , Caguazango Castro Angela , Calderon Leyton Jhon Jairo , Calpa‐Anaguano Edna Viviana , Cárdenas‐Posada Ghislaine , Castaño Díaz Michael , Chaparro‐Herrera Sergio , Diago‐Muñoz Nicolás , Franco Espinosa Laura , Gómez Bernal Luis Germán , Gonzalez‐Zapata Fanny L. , Gutiérrez Zamora Eduardo Aquiles , Gutiérrez‐Zuluaga Ana M. , Lizcano Jiménez Robinson Stivel , Lopera‐Salazar Andrea , Alvarado Dariel Martínez , Maya Girón Ana María , Medina Wilderson , Montealegre‐Talero Carolina , Parra Juan L. , Pérez‐Peña Sebastián , Ramírez Ramírez Francis , Reyes Julián , Rivera‐Gutiérrez Héctor Fabio , Rosero Mora Yuri , Trujillo‐Torres Carlos M. , Vidal‐Maldonado Cristian Camilo , Salgado‐Negret Beatriz 
Published: April 2018

AbstractColombia is the country with the highest bird diversity in the world. Despite active research in ornithology, compelling morphological information of most bird species is still sparse. However, morphological information is the baseline to understand how species respond to environmental variation and how ecosystems respond to species loss. As part of a national initiative, the Instituto Alexander von Humboldt in collaboration with 12 Colombian institutions and seven biological collections, measured up to 15 morphological traits of 9,892 individuals corresponding to 606 species: 3,492 from individuals captured in field and 6,400 from museum specimens. Species measured are mainly distributed in high Andean forest, páramo, and wetland ecosystems. Seven ornithological collections in Colombia and 18 páramo complexes throughout Colombia were visited from 2013 to 2015. The morphological traits involved measurements from bill (total and exposed culmen, bill width and depth), wing (length, area, wingspan, and the distance between longest primary and longest secondary), tail (length and shape), tarsus (length), hallux (length and claw hallux), and mass. The number of measured specimens per species was variable, ranging from 1 to 321 individuals with a median of four individuals per species. Overall, this database gathered morphological information for >30% of Colombian bird diversity. No copyright, proprietary, or cost restrictions apply; the data should be cited appropriately when used.
Pressure‐assisted capillary electrophoresis frontal analysis for faster binding constant determination
Authors: Qian Cheng , Wang Su , Fu Hengqing , Turner Robin F. B. , Li Huihui , Chen David D. Y. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdding external pressure during the process of capillary electrophoresis usually add to the band broadening, especially if the pressure induced flow is significant. The resolution is normally negatively affected in pressure‐assisted capillary electrophoresis (PACE). Frontal analysis (FA), however, can potentially benefit from using an external pressure while avoiding the drawbacks in other modes of CE. In this work, possible impact from the external pressure was simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics®. Under a typical CE‐FA set‐up, it was found that the detected concentrations of analyte will not be significantly affected by an external pressure less than 5 psi. Besides, the measured ligand concentration in PACE‐FA was also not affected by common variables (molecular diffusion coefficient (10−8 to 10−11 m2/s), capillary length etc). To provide an experimental proof, PACE‐FA is used to study the binding interactions between hydroxypropyl β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) and small ligand molecules. Taking the HP‐β‐CD /benzoate pair as an example, the binding constants determined by CE‐FA (18.3 ± 0.8 M−1) and PACE‐FA (16.5 ± 0.5 M−1) are found to be similar. Based on the experimental results, it is concluded that PACE‐FA can reduce the time of binding analysis while maintaining the accuracy of the measurements.
Executive functioning and central coherence in anorexia nervosa: Pilot investigation of a neurocognitive endophenotype
Authors: Brown Melanie , Loeb Katharine L. , McGrath Robert E. , Tiersky Lana , Zucker Nancy , Carlin Amanda 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA neurocognitive profile characterized by problems in set shifting, executive functioning, and central coherence may pre‐date and maintain anorexia nervosa (AN). To test this pattern as a possible endophenotype for AN, 10 youth with current AN, 14 healthy youth, and their biological parents, participated in a neuropsychological battery. Youth with AN demonstrated significantly weaker central coherence, related to enhanced detail‐focused processing. Youth with AN and their parents demonstrated significantly greater psychopathology relative to controls, and youth–parent scores were significantly correlated. The study, limited by a small sample size, found little evidence supporting a neuropsychological endophenotype for AN. Identifying a neurocognitive profile for children and adolescents with AN has important implications for the treatment of young patients.
Understanding Mean Score Differences Between the e‐rater® Automated Scoring Engine and Humans for Demographically Based Groups in the GRE® General Test
Authors: Ramineni Chaitanya , Williamson David 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNotable mean score differences for the e‐rater® automated scoring engine and for humans for essays from certain demographic groups were observed for the GRE® General Test in use before the major revision of 2012, called rGRE. The use of e‐rater as a check‐score model with discrepancy thresholds prevented an adverse impact on the examinee score at the item or test level. Despite this control, there remains a need to understand the root causes of these demographically based score differences and to identify potential mechanisms for avoiding future instances of discrepancy. In this study, we used a combination of statistical methods and human review to propose hypotheses about the root cause of score differences and whether such discrepancies reflect inadequacies of e‐rater, human scoring, or both. The human rating process was found to be influenced strongly by the scale structure and did not fully correspond to the e‐rater scoring mechanism. The human raters appeared to be using conditional logic and a rule‐based approach to their scoring, while e‐rater uses linear weighting of all the features. These analyses have implications for future research and operational policies for the scoring of the rGRE.
SARM: A Computer Program for Estimating Speed‐Accuracy Response Models for Dichotomous Items
Authors: van Rijn Peter W. , Ali Usama S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA computer program was developed to estimate speed‐accuracy response models for dichotomous items. This report describes how the models are estimated and how to specify data and input files. An example using data from a listening section of an international language test is described to illustrate the modeling approach and features of the computer program.
Grouping Effects on Jackknifed Variance Estimation for Item Response Theory Scaling and Equating With Cluster‐Based Assessment Data
Authors: Wang Lin , Qian Jiahe , Lee Yi‐Hsuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEducational assessment data are often collected from a set of test centers across various geographic regions, and therefore the data samples contain clusters. Such cluster‐based data may result in clustering effects in variance estimation. However, in many grouped jackknife variance estimation applications, jackknife groups are often formed by a random grouping method that ignores the cluster structures of the data. In this study, we constructed both random and cluster‐based jackknife groups for data known to have cluster structures and compared the jackknifed standard errors, yielded by two different grouping methods, of item response theory (IRT) scaling coefficient estimates and equated scores. Three independent data samples from an international test of English were used for the study. The cluster‐based jackknife group results showed relatively larger jackknifed standard errors of scaling coefficient estimates and scale scores than the results of the random jackknife groups for all three data samples. For cluster‐based assessment data, the cluster‐based jackknife approach provides a more appropriate way to estimate the standard errors of the parameters of IRT calibration, scaling, and equating analyses.
Administrators' Uses of Teacher Observation Protocol in Different Rating Contexts
Authors: Qi Yi , Bell Courtney A. , Jones Nathan D. , Lewis Jennifer M. , Witherspoon Margaret W. , Redash Amanda 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTeacher observations are being used for high‐stakes purposes in states across the country, and administrators often serve as raters in teacher evaluation systems. This paper examines how the cognitive aspects of administrators' use of an observation instrument, a modified version of Charlotte Danielson's Framework for Teaching, interact with the complex and dynamic rating contexts in applied settings. Findings suggest that administrators' rating strategies and rating approaches vary as the characteristics of the rating contexts differ. Even shortly after training (and more so as time passed), raters used reasoning strategies not supported by their training to make scoring decisions. We discuss the implications of the findings for the training of raters and the development of evaluation systems in high‐stakes contexts.
Labor supply effects of long‐term care reform in Germany
Authors: Geyer Johannes , Korfhage Thorben 
Published: April 2018

SummaryMany informal caregivers are of working age, facing the double burden of providing care and working. Negative labor supply effects can severely reduce the comparative cost advantage of informal over formal care arrangements. When designing long‐term care (LTC) policies, it is crucial to understand the effects not only on health outcomes but also on labor supply behavior of informal caregivers. We evaluate labor supply reactions to the introduction of the German long‐term care insurance in 1995 using a difference‐in‐differences approach. The long‐term care insurance changes the caregivers' trade‐off between labor supply and care provision. The aim of the reform was to strengthen informal care arrangements. We find a strong negative labor supply effect for men but not for women. We argue that the LTC benefits increased incentives for older men to leave the labor market. The results reveal a trade‐off for policy makers that is important for future reforms—in particular for countries that mainly base their LTC system on informal care.
Mechanical and migratory properties of normal, scar, and Dupuytren's fibroblasts
Authors: Viji Babu Prem Kumar , Rianna Carmela , Belge Gazanfer , Mirastschijski Ursula , Radmacher Manfred 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMechanical properties of myofibroblasts play a key role in Dupuytren's disease. Here, we used atomic force microscopy to measure the viscoelastic properties of 3 different types of human primary fibroblasts derived from a same patient: normal and scar dermal fibroblasts and palmar fascial fibroblasts from Dupuytren's nodules. Different stiffness hydrogels (soft ~1 kPa and stiff ~ 50 kPa) were used as cell culture matrix to mimic the mechanical properties of the natural tissues, and atomic force microscopy step response force curves were used to discriminate between elastic and viscous properties of cells. Since transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is known to induce expression of α–smooth muscle actin positive stress fibers in myofibroblasts, we investigated the behavior of these fibroblasts before and after applying TGF‐β1. Finally, we performed an in vitro cell motility test, the wound healing or scratch assay, to evaluate the migratory properties of these fibroblasts. We found that (1) Dupuytren's fibroblasts are stiffer than normal and scar fibroblasts, the elastic modulus E ranging from 4.4, 2.1, to 1.8 kPa, for Dupuytren's, normal and scar fibroblasts, respectively; (2) TGF‐β1 enhances the level of α–smooth muscle actin expression and thus cell stiffness in Dupuytren's fibroblasts (E, ~6.2 kPa); (3) matrix stiffness influences cell mechanical properties most prominently in Dupuytren's fibroblasts; and (4) Dupuytren's fibroblasts migrate slower than the other fibroblasts by a factor of 3. Taking together, our results showed that mechanical and migratory properties of fibroblasts might help to discriminate between different pathological conditions, helping to identify and recognize specific cell phenotypes.
Point‐by‐point Pareto front exploration and adjoint sensitivities for rapid multi‐objective optimization of compact impedance matching transformers
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Bekasiewicz Adrian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a technique for rapid multi‐objective optimization of miniaturized impedance matching transformers. The key component of our methodology is direct exploration of the Pareto front in the search for a set of alternative designs that represent the best possible trade‐offs between conflicting objectives (here, the maximum reflection level within a frequency band of interest and the circuit size). In particular, starting from the design corresponding to the best electrical performance of the circuit, the subsequent Pareto‐optimal designs are obtained by a series of local optimizations with respect to one of the objectives, using the previously found solution as a starting point. The optimization is constrained not to degrade the other objective beyond a certain threshold (determining the spread of the solutions along the Pareto front). Low cost of the design process is ensured by exploiting cheap adjoint sensitivities. Our technique is demonstrated using an example of a compact 3‐section impedance transformer matching the 50‐Ohm source to the 130‐Ohm load and working in 3.1‐to‐10.6 GHz and range. For this example, 16‐element representation of the Pareto set is obtained at the cost of just 60 evaluations of the full‐wave EM simulation model of the transformer structure.