bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key Concepts for assessing claims about treatment effects and making well-informed treatment choices
Authors: Oxman Andrew David , Chalmers Iain , Austvoll-Dahlgren Astrid ,   Informed Health Choices group
Published: January 2019

Background: The Informed Health Choices (IHC) Key Concepts are standards for judgement, or principles for evaluating the trustworthiness of treatment claims and treatment comparisons (evidence) used to support claims, and for making treatment choices. The list of concepts provides a framework, or starting point, for teachers, journalists and other intermediaries for identifying and developing resources (such as longer explanations, examples, games and interactive applications) to help people to understand and apply the concepts. The first version of the list was published in 2015 and has been updated yearly since then. We report here the changes that have been made from when the list was first published up to the current (2018) version.Methods: We developed the IHC Key Concepts by searching the literature and checklists written for the public, journalists, and health professionals; and by considering concepts related to assessing the certainty of evidence about the effects of treatments. We have revised the Key Concepts yearly, based on feedback and suggestions; and learning from using the IHC Key Concepts, other relevant frameworks, and adaptation of the IHC Key Concepts to other types of interventions besides treatments.Results: We have made many changes since the Key Concepts were first published in 2015. There are now 44 Key Concepts compared to the original 32; the concepts have been reorganised from six to three groups; we have added higher-level concepts in each of those groups; we have added short titles; and we have made changes to many of the concepts.Conclusions: The IHC Key Concepts have proven useful in designing learning resources, evaluating them, and organising them. We will continue to revise the IHC Key Concepts in response to feedback. We welcome suggestions for how to do this.
The economic impact of critical congenital heart disease to the health system and families in Colombia
Authors: Chamorro Velásquez Cindy Lorena , Sandoval Reyes Nestor Fernando , Taborda Restrepo Alejandra , Romero Ducuara Sandra Vanessa , Domínguez Maria Teresa , Troncoso Moreno Gloria Amparo , Cuevas Alejandra Fonseca , Aranguren Bello Hernan Camilo , Bermúdez Hernadez Pablo Andres , Trujillo Pablo Sandoval , Dennis Rodolfo Jose , Londoño Trujillo Darío 
Published: January 2019

Background: Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) make up a group of heart diseases present in newborns since the prenatal period and requiring early intervention through surgery or percutaneous interventions in the first year of life. Little is known about the societal economic impact associated with their care in low to middle income countries. We estimated direct medical costs, out-of-pocket expenditures and indirect costs of CCHD patients in Colombia. Methods: The methodology to estimate costs involved four stages: identification, measurement, and assessment of resources consumed, and total cost calculation. Regarding medical costs, hospital and ambulatory costs were estimated for the patient’s first year of life using clinical records of 73 patients and with thematic experts. A survey was carried out on 20 children´s caregivers to determine the out-of-pocket expenses and indirect costs. For this estimation, a descriptive analysis was made on the survey taking into account the reported salary. All costs are expressed in US dollars (2017 exchange rates). Results: The average direct medical hospital costs for CCHDs were $25,835 and the ambulatory costs reached $480. Indirect costs were $1,303 and out-of-pocket expenses were $2,058, which for families with an income lower than one monthly minimum wage (1 SMMLV) in 2017 correspond to $250. The impact on their budget was 57%. Conclusions: CCHDs represent an important economic impact both for the Colombian General Social Health System and for families. This study made it possible to estimate the costs that are not easily visible and thus quantified.
Elementos para una caracterización marxista del neoliberalismo
Authors: Espinoza Carrasco Daniel 
Published: January 2019

Según diversas caracterizaciones del neoliberalismo, este es una ideología económica que se materializa en un plan de gobierno cuyo objetivo es el libre mercado. El problema de dichas nociones radica en su ambigüedad y en pensar el neoliberalismo a partir de lo que este sostiene de sí mismo. La tesis central de este artículo es que elneoliberalismo es un fenómeno eminentemente político, lo que remite específicamente al Estado. Con los conceptos que aporta la teoría marxista de Poulantzas se da uenta de una función y de las relaciones que el Estado sostiene con una formación social. Lo anterior permite interpretar los cambios sociales acontecidos a partir de la irrupción de gobiernos neoliberales y sus reformas, estableciendo una base sobre la que se describen las particularidades del Estado neoliberal y sus diferencias con otras formas de Estado. En este punto, la noción de acumulación por desposesión aporta elementos clave para entender cómo opera el neoliberalismo.
Religión e identidad. La amenaza del Estado Islámico en Irak y Siria
Authors: Ospina Morales Guillermo 
Published: January 2019

Las acciones del Estado Islámico en el norte de Irak representaron una amenaza existencial para los diferentes grupos societales que habitaban los territorios que quedaron en manos del autodenominado califato. Sin embargo, sus acciones no son violencia sin sentido, irracionalidad o sevicia. Estas son parte de la concepción salafista, la cual señala que el islam se encuentra en peligro existencial por lo que la violencia contra las minorías es considerada necesaria para la defensa del monoteísmo (tawhid) y para la lucha contra el politeísmo (shirk) y los infieles (kuffar). De este modo, el presente artículo analiza cómo la securitización de la religión que realiza el Estado Islámico representa una amenaza para los grupos minoritarios en Irak y Siria.
The application of occlusion in clinical practice part 1: Essential concepts in clinical occlusion
Authors: Mehta Shamir , Banerji Subir 
Published: January 2019

Abstract: The first of this three-part series will focus on the occlusal assessment and the proposed features of the ‘ideal occlusal scheme’. The examination of the static and dynamic relationship of the dentition is outlined, including the extra- and intra-oral examination. The terminology associated with the intra-occlusal positions and relationships are described and a template for a comprehensive occlusal examination is presented. Part 1 also aims to explore some of the essential concepts in clinical occlusion. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understanding the static and dynamic relationships of the natural and restored dentition are important steps in the successful and long-term rehabilitation of missing and broken-down teeth. Development of familiarity and fluency with various terms associated with the examination and relationships of the dentition in function are critical aspects when attempting to form an appreciation of the subject of clinical occlusion.
Morton’s interdigital neuroma: instructional review
Authors: Gougoulias Nikolaos , Lampridis Vasileios , Sakellariou Anthony 
Published: January 2019

The terminology ‘Morton’s neuroma’ may represent a simplification of the clinical condition as the problem may not be a benign tumour of the nerve, but neuropathic foot pain associated with the interdigital nerve. Foot and ankle pathomechanics leading to metatarsalgia, clinical examination and differential diagnosis of the condition and imaging of the condition, for differential diagnosis, are discussed. Nonoperative management is recommended initially. Physiotherapy, injections (local anaesthetic, steroid, alcohol), cryotherapy, radiofrequency ablation and shockwave therapy are discussed. Operative treatment is indicated after nonoperative management has failed. Neuroma excision has been reported to have good to excellent results in 80% of patients, but gastrocnemius release and osteotomies should be considered so as to address concomitant problems. Key factors in the success of surgery are correct diagnosis with recognition of all elements of the problem and optimal surgical technique. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:14-24. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180025.
The role of alpha defensin in prosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnosis: a literature review
Authors: Bonanzinga Tommaso , Ferrari Matteo Carlo , Tanzi Piergiuseppe , Vandenbulcke Filippo , Zahar Akos , Marcacci Maurilio 
Published: January 2019

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) management is not standardized worldwide and the outcome is frequently unsatisfactory. More and more arthroplasties are now being performed. An increasing number of highly virulent and antibiotic-resistant bacteria and an ageing population of patients presenting with many comorbidities make it necessary to focus on this important topic. Diagnosis of PJI remains challenging because the clinical signs and symptoms and elevation of systemic biomarkers (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) may be unclear. In the last few years, the clinical research has focused on synovial fluid biomarkers as a possible breakthrough in the complex scenario of PJI diagnosis. Synovial biomarkers have shown encouraging results and they should be used as diagnostic adjuncts to synovial white cell count and culture bacteriology. Synovial leukocyte esterase (LE) and synovial C-reactive protein (CRP) have been evaluated as good screening measures; however, the most promising synovial fluid biomarker in terms of sensitivity and specificity for PJI seems to be alpha defensin (AD). The laboratory-based alpha defensin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test demonstrated the highest ever reported accuracy for PJI diagnosis. However, an alpha defensin lateral flow test could have its place in ruling in a suspected PJI intraoperatively because of its high specificity and rapid results.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:10-13. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180029
Politics and business in the history of a false teeth company, 1880s–1950s
Authors: De Vries David 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The history of one firm dedicated to the development, manufacture and sale of false teeth might not immediately seem relevant to current topics and concerns within the study of fashion and beauty. ‘Good’ teeth have become important aesthetically and practically, in ‘real’ life and in media imagery. They pervade the catwalk, the media and the beauty industry. The ‘falseness’ of false teeth is not just a matter of utility but also of looking good, and has become part of the necessary toolkit of a person who knows how to take care of themselves, and look attractive. False teeth must look ‘real’ but also perfect (better than real), since they represent both the desire for physical perfection and for enhancement that is not detectible as false. Alongside prosthetics and cosmetic surgery, false teeth have come to be legitimate tools of bodily enhancement. The term ‘Hollywood smile’ partly refers to that ideal of flawless perfection.
This article is an analysis of ‘naturalization’ in several senses, involving migration of knowledge, technological advances, skills and capital between differing legislative, business and political environments – from Eastern Europe and the United States towards the end of the nineteenth century, and between Philadelphia and Palestine shortly after World War I. This historical investigation traces the aspirations, ideals and political motivations of a family, its founder and the firm they built up – the American Porcelain Tooth Company (APTC) – which became internationally renowned after its relocation from Philadelphia to Tel Aviv in Palestine, then under the British Mandate, after World War I.
The specific history and context of this company aims to shed new light on issues of globalization that are key to contemporary concerns in the fashion and beauty industries but are not captured by the study of technological inventions, marketing strategies or consumer preferences. The article interrogates the complex political negotiations and adaptations involved in such a migration. It proposes that beyond the specific historical context of the case examined here, attention paid to political aspects provides an essential methodological component and an added dimension to our understanding of the dynamics of the fashion and beauty market.
On Fire: Notes on the Spread of a Non-deterministic Schema
Authors: Lee Yaniya , Aiello Rosa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Yaniya Lee and Rosa Aiello’s contribution works with the material qualities of fire, with its historical significance, and, most significantly, with its respatizializing potential. In the path blazed by Sylvia Wynter and Katherine McKittrick’s demonic geographies, Lee and Aiello write fire as a challenge to Man’s ‘ “cartographic impulse”––the inclination to map, to rationalize, to appropriate, to own, and thereby to control space.’ Their piece experiments with the possibility of spread as literary form: ideas leap from one numbered-section to the next through words and logics, their scope engulfs myriad sources, their thought refuses to be contained.
Archiveology: Walter Benjamin and Archival Film Practices
Authors: Mitchell Aimée 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This book review gives an overview of the key concepts and themes of Catherine Russell’s new book Archiveology: Walter Benjamin and Archival Film Practices. Russell describes ‘archiveology’ as a critical artistic practice of engaging with the archive: re-mixing, re-purposing, re-cutting, and re-contextualizing moving images. Her central interest lies in thinking about cinema as it passes into the digital in terms of translation and considers archiveology as a language through which we can understand media culture at this contemporary moment where analogue media takes on a new aura in its obsolescence.
Smoke Screens and Cinematic Representations of the MOVE Bombing
Authors: Hunter-Young Nataleah 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Premiering in 2013, Jason Osder’s documentary film Let The Fire Burn chronicles the Philadelphia Police Department’s 1985 bombing of the Black revolutionary organization, MOVE. The bombing and subsequent fire – which the police commissioner let burn through 61 homes – resulted in the deaths of six adults and five children as well as the displacement of 250 people. Composed entirely of archival footage, Osder’s representation invokes a historicization and delimitation of an un-ended story about anti-Black state violence that, this essay argues, results in the obscuring of both MOVE’s continued struggle for freedom and the social conditions that make such actions possible. By thinking through collective memories of Black suffering and the ways in which they are mediated amidst a continued global assault on Black people, Hunter-Young explores what the temporal and spatial properties of smoke, and its relationship to fire, may signal about the sociocultural work of Osder’s film.
Seeing Skies Seemingly Blue
Authors: Rasmussen Elise 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Through her work, research-based artist Elise Rasmussen explores epistemological aspects of ‘blueness’ as it relates to early photographic technologies (the cyanotype) and mountain exploration (the cyanometer, a device for measuring the blueness of the sky motivated the first expedition to the peak of Mount Blanc). As the colour blue ‘blue’ did not appear in written language until its pigment could be extracted by ‘man’ for ‘his’ use [sic]. Elise reflects on notions of (in)visibility, considering how, like smoke which blurs and blinds, blue plays with perception, and how both blue and smoke forces us to question the indexical capacity of photographic media to document reality.
Site Specific Work 2015 (Suggested Corporate Names – Catholic Church Child Abuse Compensation Entity)
Authors: Wright Shevaun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Site Specific Work 2015 builds upon Miwon Kwon’s notion of the ‘discursive vector.’ It reflects the site specificity of discourse surrounding the issue of child sexual abuse. Juxtaposing five levels of rhetoric, it highlights discursive spaces and suggests alternative interventionist narratives as well as notions of cultural protectionism.
Programmer Performance Influence Factors with Sequential Explanatory Model Case Study in Data Warehouse and IT Center of UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Authors: Anggraeny Iskandar Siska Restu , Sumarsono Sumarsono , Fitriyani Norma Latief , Suryana Sendy Aditya 
Published: January 2019

Abstract— Implementation is one of phases in Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Programmer as software development lead actor decided whether software is completed on time or postpone according to development schedule. Data Warehouse and IT Center (PTIPD) as a software developer official vendor in UIN Sunan Kalijaga, they developed a growing number of software to facilitate administrative processes in college academic community. This is an analysis to determine the factors that most influence the developers. The object of this research are 9 (nine) people. They are all software programmer in PTIPD. The research using Mixed Methods Research that combines two methods of research, qualitative and quantitative. Two factors from previous research are factors materialistic and non-materialistic factors. Materialistic factors are Reward and Punishment; Career Development and Contra-Accomplishment, Incentive and Bonus. Non-Materialistic factors are: Usefulness; Relationships and Spirituality. Preliminary data taken from interviews, observation and documentation study to discover object opinions and views. Validity Test and Reliability Test using SPSS software for qualitative data is provided. The most influence factor for programmer performance SDLC of PTIPD UIN Sunan Kalijaga is Usefulness with the highest value at 3 (three) informant: Oscar, Bravo, Mike and Relations with the highest value at 3 (three) informant: Delta, Sierra, Zulu . Keywords: Career development, programmer performance, relationship, sequential explanatory, mixed method research.
Re-processing and new interpretation of spectroscopic data on C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) and C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) obtained in Shamakhy Observatory
Authors: Busarev Vladimir , Zimanova Anna , Guliyev Ayyub , Mikayilov Khidir 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We re-processed spectroscopic echelle data on 1999 S4 (LINIER), a catastrophically disintegrated comet, and 2001 Q4 (NEAT) obtained at not quite favorable circumstances. Photometric conditions at the observations were good but measurements of the spectra for the first one were performed at a large zenith distance and the second - with a relatively low spectral resolution. Nevertheless, we succeeded in detection and identification of fluorescent emission lines of 9 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and simpler molecules in the spectra of both comets. Our results are in accordance with those of other authors and substantiate present notions about origin of the comets.
Derivations into annihilators of the ideals of Banach algebras
Authors: Teymouri Akram , Bodaghi Abasalt , Bagha Davood Ebrahimi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this article, following Gorgi and Yazdanpanah, we define two new concepts of the ideal amenability for a Banach algebra A. We compare these notions with J-weak amenability and ideal amenability, where J is a closed two-sided ideal in A. We also study the hereditary properties of quotient ideal amenability for Banach algebras. Some examples show that the concepts of A/J-weak amenability and of J-weak amenability do not coincide for Banach algebras in general.
Design and Simulation of OFDM for BPSK, QPSK and QAM with Peak Power Reduction Using Clipping Technique
Authors: Kumar Arun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Due to the increase in demand for high data rates in mobile communication, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is employed in many applications. It efficiently overcomes the effect of Inter-symbol Interference caused due to the fading of the channel, but Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is unitary of the disadvantages in OFDM System. In the stage-I, the OFDM system is designed with different modulation schemes like QAM-16, BPSK, and QPSK. In the latter stage, we work on the reduction of PAPR by using a clipping technique and we establish a significant reduction in PAPR as compared to the conventional clipping technique.
Sea level accelerations at globally distributed tide gauge stations during the satellite altimetry era
Authors: Iz H. Bâki , Shum C. K. , Kuo C. Y. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis observational study reports that several globally distributed tide gauge stations exhibit a propensity of statistically significant sea level accelerations during the satellite altimetry era. However, the magnitudes of the estimated tide gauge accelerations during this period are systematically and noticeably smaller than the global mean sea level acceleration reported by recent analyses of satellite altimetry. The differences are likely to be caused by the interannual, decadal and interdecadal sea level variations, which are modeled using a broken trend model with overlapping harmonics in the analyses of tide gauge data but omitted in the analysis of satellite altimetry.
Free power-associative n-ary groupoids
Authors: Celakoska-Jordanova Vesna , Miovska Valentina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A power-associative n-ary groupoid is an n-ary groupoid
G
such that for every element a ∈ G, the n-ary subgroupoid of
G
generated by a is an n-ary subsemigroup of
G
. The class 𝓟
a
of power-associative n-ary groupoids is a variety. A description of free objects in this variety and their characterization by means of injective n-ary groupoids in 𝓟
a
are obtained.
Measures on effect algebras
Authors: Barbieri Giuseppina , García-Pacheco Francisco J. , Moreno-Pulido Soledad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe study measures defined on effect algebras. We characterize real-valued measures on effect algebras and find a class of effect algebras, that include the natural effect algebras of sets, on whichσ-additive measures with values in a finite dimensional Banach space are always bounded. We also prove that in effect algebras the Nikodym and the Grothendieck properties together imply the Vitali-Hahn-Saks property, and find an example of an effect algebra verifying the Vitali-Hahn-Saks property but failing to have the Nikodym property. Finally, we define the concept of variation for vector measures on effect algebras proving that in effect algebras verifying the Riesz Decomposition Property, the variation of a finitely additive vector measure is a finitely additive positive measure.
Compositions of porouscontinuous functions
Authors: Kowalczyk Stanisław , Turowska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The notion of porouscontinuity was introduced by Borsík and Holos. We find classes of functions whose compositions with porouscontinuous functions are still porouscontinuous. Next, we study compositions of porouscontinuous functions with homeomorphisms. We investigate connections between 𝓘𝓒(𝓐) ∩ 𝓗𝓞𝓜 and 𝓘𝓒(𝓑) ∩ 𝓗𝓞𝓜 for different classes 𝓐,𝓑 ∈ 𝓟𝓒, where 𝓟𝓒 is the set of all classes of porouscontinuous functions and 𝓗𝓞𝓜 is the set of all homeomorphisms f : ℝ → ℝ.