bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SHARIAH’S POSITION IN AFGHAN 2004 CONSTITUTION: A LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Muhibullah Faizan  , Noor Shuhadawati Mohamad Amin  , Mohammad Tahir Sabit Haji Mohammad  
Published: December 2024

The legal position of Shariah in the 2004 Afghan constitution has been considerably debated due to the full involvement of the international community in the constitution-making process. Though Article 3 of the 2004 constitution of Afghanistan states that “no law shall contravene the beliefs and principles of Islam”, considering this provision and others, the position of Shariah in the constitution seems ambiguous. Some legal experts at national and international levels consider the 2004 constitution to be one of the most Islamic constitutions, recognising the supremacy of Shariah. Contrary to this, some scholars think that a set of constitutional provisions predicate a limited applicability of Shariah by referring to Hanafi Fiqh as a gap-filling law in Article 130. Keeping this problem in mind, this research paper examines the supremacy of Shariah in light of all provisions in the 2004 constitution. It aims to outline the actual role of Shariah within the 2004 constitution by elaborating on the different concepts of Shariah and law in the Afghan legal system. The study which follows qualitative research methodology is conducted through major library research and an empirical study, employing comparative and analytical approaches per doctrinal and non-doctrinal methods. It exposes the conceptual and applied aspects of the legal provisions relating to the applicability of the Shariah in the 2004 constitution. The research generally relied on primary sources such as the constitution of Afghanistan and the Quran and Sunnah for the Shariah. The researcher considered the connection between the various constitutional provisions on Shariah in conjunction with the hierarchy of legal norms and found that Shariah has a weak position under the 2004 constitutional setup up as a judicial review attests. The 2004 constitution provides a limited applicability of Shariah in the sense that no law shall contravene the Shariah while at the same time, the term law does not include the constitution- itself and the term Shariah generally refers to Hanafi Fiqh as a subsidiary source of law. The constitutional provisions on Shariah are not amendable, as the 2004 constitution declares them irrevocable. To strengthen the position of Shariah, it is proposed that the primary step is to define the term law comprehensively to include the constitution. However, the best alternative is that Afghans enact a new constitution that provides the supremacy of Shariah.
УЗАГАЛЬНЕННЯ НЕКОМУТАТИВНОГО ПРОТОКОЛУ УЗГОДЖЕННЯ КЛЮЧА
Authors: ПОПОВИЧ РОМАН , ПОПОВИЧ БОГДАН 
Published: December 2024

Наведено порівняльний аналіз відомих протоколів узгодження таємного ключа через відкритий канал звʼязку. Запропоновано узагальнення відомого протоколу з використанням некомутативного множення матриць над простим скінченним полем на випадок довільного скінченного поля.
A symmetric cryptosystem requires a secret key agreed by both parties. The Diffie-Hellman protocol was originally proposed for its exchange via an open communication channel. It is based on the computational complexity of the discrete logarithm problem in certain finite groups (the multiplicative group of a finite field, the group of points of an elliptic curve over a finite field). The availability of a powerful quantum computer will allow solving the discrete logarithm problem in these groups. Therefore, the issue of construction of secret key exchange protocols that will be resistant to attacks using a quantum computer has become urgent.
The paper provides a comparative analysis of known protocols for a secret key exchange via an open communication channel. A generalization of the known protocol using non-commutative matrix multiplication over a prime finite field for the case of an arbitrary finite field is proposed. In this protocol, two high order elements from the general linear group over a finite field should be used, which satisfy an additional condition. It consists in the fact that each of the matrices cannot be reduced to a diagonal form by conjugation transformation. This condition follows from the considerations of avoiding an attack on the protocol. It is shown how to construct such elements.
For the proposed generalization of the protocol, the sizes of public and private keys, secret key, the size of the finite field, which ensure the appropriate level of security, are calculated. The dimensions of matrices (elements of the general linear group) that we use are also given. The generalization of the protocol to the case of an arbitrary finite field increases the flexibility of choosing protocol parameters to ensure the desired level of security.
АНІМАЛІСТИЧНИЙ СТИЛЬ У ДИЗАЙНІ ТРИКОТАЖНИХ ВИРОБІВ
Authors: ДЗИКОВИЧ ТЕТЯНА , ВОРОНА ІРИНА , ПУСТОВОЙТ АНАСТАСІЯ 
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the work is to design an author’s collection of men’s knitwear in an animalistic style. To achieve the goal, the fashion trends of knitted men’s clothing of modern collections of famous designers and the assortment of men’s products for everyday wear were studied. A survey of literary sources on the issues of research on the development of the style and assortment of men’s clothing was conducted. An analysis and study of the use of animalistic style in clothing was carried out based on current fashion and collections of past years. Clothing in the animalistic style was separated and researched in three directions, namely: artistic design of clothing with ornaments in the form of stylized drawings of the color of the skin or fur of animals, compositional design of clothing with visual ornaments in the form of reports of stylized animals, and costume format clothing in the form of a stylized image of animals. In the course of research, tables of the use of animalistic ornaments, color gamut in the collections of famous designers were developed and corresponding diagrams were constructed.
As a result of the work, a sketch project of a collection of men’s knitted clothes in an animalistic style was developed. The author’s report of the ornament was designed by means of artistic stylization and transformation of the pattern based on the selected primary source, namely the color of the python skin, and the program of the pattern cartridge for knitting the collection was developed. For knitting the products, a weave was chosen – knitwear of double incomplete jacquard weave, and an industrial sample was made for introduction into production.
Integrated preservice pediatric team education: The Transteam	experience
Authors: Vogtle Laura K. 
Published: December 2024

The need for interdisciplinary preservice educational programs for professionals serving infants and young children has been well-established. Physical and occupational therapy education, however, provides entry-level education to prepare clinicians for practice as generalists. Requirements of accrediting agencies and focus on licensure examination pass rates as evidence of program efficacy support this generalist focus, in spite of the fact that significant numbers of both disciplines practice in pediatric settings. In addition, education to develop skills as a member of a professional team is lacking from most curricula. This paper describes an interdisciplinary preservice education program funded by the Department of Education. Professions included were nursing, early childhood education, early childhood special education, and occupational and physical therapy. The program consisted of a two semester course sequence plus fieldwork experiences in team-based settings for children. The curriculum was based on competencies in early intervention and inclusive education practices, transdisciplinary team skills, and evidence-based practice. Outcome asssessment demonstrated significant changes in students' knowledge related to program objectives from the start of the program to the end. Such programs demonstrate it is feasible to integrate specialty knowledge into the entry level curriculum for occupational and physical therapists.
Injected contrast study fails to demonstrate catheter-pump	connector tear
Authors: Krach Linda E. , Partington Michael D. 
Published: December 2024

Setting: Regional children's specialty hospital. Patient: 11 year old boy with a history of quadriparetic cerebral palsy (CP), shunted hydrocephalus, and continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) to treat hypertonicity. Case Description: The patient presented for a second opinion after experiencing three weeks of increased tone treated by shunt revision three times after two studies injecting contrast into the ITB pump catheter via the catheter access port did not demonstrate any extravasation of contrast material. Parents report that there was little change in his lower extremity tightness. His speech showed increased dysarthria during this time, and he had unusual difficulty with handling food. On evaluation, the patient had severely increased muscle tone. He also was noted to have palpable fluid in his pump pocket. Review of the X-rays that accompanied the patient revealed findings that caused us to be suspicious of a tear of the sleeve that is part of the mechanism that connects the intrathecal catheter to the pump. A 100 microgram bolus of ITB was administered, which did result in some relaxation. Assessment/Results: Patient underwent surgery at which time a torn pump-catheter connector was confirmed and replaced with a different type of connector. His symptoms resolved and he required a lower dose of ITB than on admission for significantly better tone control. Discussion: Individuals typically reach a stable dose of ITB and if they develop a need for increasing dose later, most frequently a catheter problem exists. Also, if there is fluid in the pump pocket, we have a high index of suspicion for this type of catheter/pump connector tear. Conclusion: In this case, careful evaluation of plain radiographs coupled with careful history taking, including the individual's response to interventions, was all that was necessary to make an accurate diagnosis.
Validation of the theory: satisfaction with time-delimited daily	occupations
Authors: Ingrid S\"oderback  
Published: December 2024

{\it Objectives.} This study examines the construct validity of the theory Satisfaction with time-delimited daily occupations (STO). The outcome of STO concerns how individuals perceive their occupational health status and to what degree the individuals experience satisfaction with their performance of time-delimited daily occupations. {\it Design.} The ``known-groups technique'' was used for discriminating the occupational health status among four groups (n = 147) of full-time workers or sick-listed participants. A mailed ActivityLog-sheet was used for recording their occupational health 24 times during 24 hours. The computerized program ActivityLog was used for data registration. The data analysis were accounted by ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test with significance level of p < 0,05 using the SPSS program. {\it Results.} The occupational health status did not differ significantly among the four groups, but the number of records concerning work (p = 0,00) and care (p = 0,02) time-delimited daily occupations were significantly different. The patterns of occupational health status during the 24-hour-records were visually separated for the four groups. {\it Conclusion.} There is need for refining the STO theory and then for undertaking further investigations of the STO construct validity.
Life satisfaction in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary	disease
Authors: Marine Sturesson  , Inga-Britt Br\"anholm  
Published: December 2024

{\it Objectives:} To examine the levels of life satisfaction for patients with chronic obstructive disease (COPD) and to explore the relationships between life satisfaction, lung function, walking distance test/exercise capacity and quality of life. {\it Study design:} The population comprised 91 patients with COPD, 28 patients with COPD using long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) and a reference group (R) of 150 healthy individuals. Before the study, a number of the COPD patients had been tested with regard to spirometry, walking distance and quality of life using the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ). All subjects filled in an eight-item checklist on levels of life satisfaction. {\it Results:} Significantly lower levels of satisfaction were reported by both patient groups than the R group for satisfaction with life as a whole and satisfaction derived from vocational/occupational situation, sexual life and ADL, and by the LTOT group, furthermore, also with family life. Only 10% of the patients were satisfied with their health. The LTOT group reported significantly lower levels of satisfaction than the COPD group for life as a whole, satisfaction with their vocational/occupational situation, leisure, ADL situation and their satisfaction with family life and partnership relation. Factor analyses demonstrated different patterns between the R group and the patient group. No correlation was found between satisfaction with life as a whole and lung function parameters whereas three of the CRQ dimensions; emotional function, fatigue and mastery correlateded significicantly with satisfaction with life as a whole and several of the domains. No relationships was found between satisfaction with life as a whole or any of the domains and the CRQ dimension dyspnea. {\it Conclusions:} The low levels of satisfaction with life as a whole, in addition to low levels of satisfaction with several domains, indicate that the majority of the patients had not managed to cope successfully with the consequences of their impairment. More attention must, thus, be given to these patients in the rehabilitation work.
Multidimensional aspects of work capability
Authors: Marie-Louise Schult  , Ingrid S\"oderback  , Karen Jacobs  
Published: December 2024

{\it Objective.} Comparisons of the results of a multidimensional criterion-referenced vocational assessment (CMVA) were performed between a group of patients with chronic pain (group P; $n =$ 86) and individuals working (group W; $n =$ 106). The participants had experience of five job categories. {\it Methods.} The participants' capability to work was assessed from the aspects of personal factors, background data, present work experience, personal and work environmental factors probably influencing work capacity and capacity to perform occupations. Eleven instruments comprising 407 items were used. {\it Results.} The results of the comparisons suggest that group P participants' work capacity was significant decreased by how they perceived their present work experience ( $X^2; p <$ 0.001), self-assessed or observed capability to perform daily and work occupations ( $t; p <$ 0.000). Among the factors which probably influenced their work capability, group P participants significantly ( $t; p <$ 0.05) more often used confrontive, emotive, palliative and covert coping strategies and had attained work and other life values to a less extent. Moreover, group P participants perceived that they had had a significant ( $t; p <$ 0.000) higher degree of psychosocial demands and more strain incurred from the psychosocial work environment.
Street children: Causes, consequences, and innovative treatment	approaches
Authors: M. Kenyon Densley  , Donna M. Joss  
Published: December 2024

``Children are travelers, newly arrived in a country ofwhich they know nothing.'' {\it --John Locke} Street children represent a rapidly growing socio-educational challenge affecting both the developing and industrialized nations of the world. At risk for physical, emotional, social, and cognitive violation, these children are in need of interventions that appropriately address their needs in the context of their environment, and build upon the positive survival skills that they have developed as a result of street life. This paper explores the causes, and consequences of this growing phenomenon. It seeks to make known the global dimensions of the physical, social, mental and developmental health consequences of street life for the child. It offers possible occupational therapy intervention strategies and opportunities for working with street children which transition them from youth to mainstream adult and citizenship in the world.
Intervention options: Participation in work activities for people	with schizophrenia
Authors: Voit Susan 
Published: December 2024

Vocational rehabilitation is a method by which people with disabilities are able to learn skills and receive supports that are necessary to take part in work activities. Vocational rehabilitation interventions can be used in a wide variety of settings with many different populations of people with disabilities, including those with schizophrenia. However, there is little available research to help guide clinicians to identify which vocational rehabilitation intervention methods may be the most effective for their clients. {\it Objectives:} The purpose of this paper is to identify what is the best practice for obtaining and maintaining participation in work activities for people with schizophrenia. {\it Study design:} This paper reviewed sixteen previously conducted studies (seven specific solely to schizophrenia) to identify which vocational rehabilitation method is the best practice to aid those with schizophrenia to obtain and maintain participation in work activities. {\it Results:} The reviewed literature suggests that there are a variety of vocational rehabilitation intervention methods that may be effective treatment interventions. The effective interventions were those programs that had a client-centered approach and enabled the client to play an active role in his/her vocational rehabilitation. {\it Conclusion:} With this study review, clinicians will be able to examine a variety of successful client-centered vocational rehabilitation methods that may aid in helping their clients with schizophrenia to obtain and maintain participation in work activities.
Ergonomics in a hospital and a university setting: The effect of	worksite analysis on upper extremity work-related musculoskeletal	disorders
Authors: Hanson Carolyn S. , Shechtman Orit , Gardner-Smith Portia 
Published: December 2024

{\it Objectives:} The purpose of this study was to determine whether individuals with work-related injuries receiving worksite analysis would have less lost workdays than individuals not receiving worksite analysis. Therapeutic management of work-related injuries in a hospital and a university setting were also compared. {\it Study design:} Over a one-year period, employees who sustained an upper extremity work-related injury were issued questionnaires regarding their injury, treatment, functional status and pain level. Participants were divided into three groups: group 1 consisted of hospital employees (N=14) who underwent worksite analysis, group 2 included university employees (N=15) who underwent worksite analysis whereas group~3 included university employees (N=14) who underwent no analysis. {\it Results:} All groups were similar in demographics, functional status, and pain level. Satisfaction with the worksite analysis was similar for groups one and two. {\it Conclusion:} A pattern of less absenteeism but greater modified duty days was associated with those individuals undergoing worksite analysis.
The effectiveness of ergonomic intervention in the classroom
Authors: Shinn Janette , Romaine Kari-Ann , Casimano Tara , Jacobs Karen 
Published: December 2024

{\it Objective:} To see if an in-service on proper body mechanics and ergonomics for computer workstation usage can increase a student's knowledge regarding these areas. {\it Study design:} This was a quasi-experimental design using a questionnaire. Subjects included seventy-three male and forty-four female sixth-grade students enrolled in a word processing class at a New York Middle School. A non-standardized demographic and ergonomic based questionnaire was administered before and after an in-service. An environmental checklist was used to formulate a percentage of ergonomically correct computer workstations. {\it Results:} There was a statistically significant difference between pre and post-test scores, indicating that learning took place. Pre-test scores suggest that there exists a need for ergonomic education in classrooms. Results from an environmental checklist support the need for revision of computer workstations in classrooms. {\it Conclusion:} Ergonomic education is one way to help students to reduce their risks of developing musculoskeletal injury in a classroom environment that impedes correct positioning.
Occupational therapists working in hand therapy: The practice of	holism in a cost containment environment
Authors: Dale Lucinda M. , Fabrizio Andrew J. , Adhlakha Pamela , Mahon Marion K. , McGraw Erin E. , Neyenhaus Ryan D. , Sledd Tatianna , Zaber Julie M. 
Published: December 2024

{\it Objective:} Occupational therapists specializing in hand therapy are challenged to provide care that reflects foundational concepts of occupation and holism. The researchers investigated cost containment influences on occupational therapists specializing in hand therapy to determine how therapists provide holistic care within cost containment constraints. {\it Method:} Five hand therapists were chosen based on selection criteria of hand therapy and holistic care practice. Using a grounded theory approach, the researchers gathered data via interviews and clinical observations. Data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding, and critiqued by an expert panel for emerging theory and concepts. {\it Results:} Occupational therapists developed new skills or refined existing skill through adapting, educating, and strategizing in response to environmental demands. Tenets of the occupational adaptation model matched the strategies used by the participants. {\it Conclusion:} Occupational therapists specializing in hand therapy adapted to cost containment constraints by modifying professional settings and skills, educating multiple consumers, and implementing innovative interventions.
An invisible disability: Qualitative research on upper extremity	disorders in a university community
Authors: Cortés Marissa C. , Hollis Christine , Amick, III Benjamin C. , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: December 2024

{\it Objectives.} To understand how upper extremity disorders related to computer use affect graduate and undergraduate university students; and, to develop hypotheses for prevention and management of these disorders. {\it Methods.} Focus group discussions concerning upper extremity disorders were conducted among sixteen symptomatic undergraduate and graduate students at a private university in the US. Discussions were tape recorded, transcribed, coded for themes, and analyzed qualitatively. {\it Results.} The findings point to four main themes: 1) the essential role of computers in academic, social, and personal activities; 2) the negative impact of upper extremity disorders on students' physical and emotional well-being, including their career aspirations; 3) students' expectations and perceptions of medical care providers; and 4) recommendations for interventions. {\it Conclusion.} Students with upper extremity disorders experience numerous adverse consequences on a college campus. Effective strategies for prevention, and treatment of upper extremity disorders in young adults in universities are needed. Based on this research, an educational and skills development intervention would appear to be appropriate for preventing disability due to upper extremity disorders.