bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safe prescribing in general dental practice – challenges and solutions
Authors: Mason Julie , Vallance Hannah , Pontefract Sarah , Coleman Jamie J 
Published: October 2019

All dental practitioners will treat patients who take medicines. An ageing population, combined with improved management of patients with multiple long-term co-morbidities, has seen a rise in complex medication regimens. Healthcare specialization, a widening drug market and better access to medicines has also contributed to more patients taking multiple medicines for conditions, often managed by a variety of specialists. Whether these medicines are prescribed or bought over-the-counter, dental practitioners must understand the implications that these treatment regimens can have on dental care. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Prescribing medicines is a small but essential part of dental practice. This paper describes various aspects of prescribing, the potential implications of dental treatment to a patient's medication regimen, and important considerations to reduce the risk of medication errors and improve patient safety.
Detection of Liver Steatosis With a Novel Ultrasound-Based Technique: A Pilot Study Using MRI-Derived Proton Density Fat Fraction as the Gold Standard
Authors: Ferraioli Giovanna , Maiocchi Laura , Raciti Maria Vittoria , Tinelli Carmine , De Silvestri Annalisa , Nichetti Mara , De Cata Pasquale , Rondanelli Mariangela , Chiovato Luca , Calliada Fabrizio , Filice Carlo ,   on behalf of the Liver Steatosis Study Group
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES:
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the value of attenuation imaging (ATI), a novel ultrasound technique for detection of steatosis, by comparing the results to that obtained with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and by using MRI-derived proton density fat fraction (PDFF) as reference standard.

METHODS:
From March to November 2018, 114 consecutive adult subjects potentially at risk of steatosis and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. Each subject underwent ATI and CAP assessment on the same day. MRI-PDFF was performed within a week.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of steatosis, as defined by MRI-PDFF ≥ 5%, was 70.7%. There was a high correlation of ATI with MRI-PDFF (r = 0.81, P < 0.0001). The correlation of CAP with MRI-PDFF and with ATI, respectively, was moderate (r = 0.65, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.61, P < 0.0001). The correlation of ATI or CAP with PDFF was not affected by age, gender, or body mass index. Area under the receiver operating characteristics of ATI and CAP, respectively, were 0.91 (0.84–0.95; P < 0.0001) and 0.85 (0.77–0.91; P < 0.0001) for detecting S > 0 steatosis (MRI-PDFF ≥ 5%); 0.95 (0.89–0.98; P < 0.0001) and 0.88 (0.81–0.93; P < 0.0001) for detecting S > 1 steatosis (MRI-PDFF ≥ 16.3%). The cutoffs of ATI and CAP, respectively, were 0.63 dB/cm/MHz and 258 dB/m for detecting S > 0 liver steatosis; 0.72 dB/cm/MHz and 304 dB/m for detecting S > 1 steatosis. ATI performed better than CAP, and this improvement was statistically significant for S > 1 (P = 0.04).

DISCUSSION:
This study shows that, in patients with no fibrosis/mild fibrosis, ATI is a very promising tool for the noninvasive assessment of steatosis.
Whole Exome Sequencing Among 26 Patients With Indeterminate Acute Liver Failure: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rakela Jorge , Rule Jody , Ganger Daniel , Lau Julie , Cunningham Julie , Dehankar Mrunal , Baheti Saurabh , Lee William M. ,   the Acute Liver Failure Study Group
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION:
The etiology of acute liver failure (ALF) remains an important prognostic factor. The Acute Liver Failure Study Group recently reported that 150 of 2,718 adult patients with ALF (5.5%) had an indeterminate etiology. Our aim was to use whole exome sequencing to identify genetic variants associated with phenotypic, biochemical, and histologic features among patients with indeterminate ALF.

METHODS:
This effort has defined a cohort of well-pedigreed patients with indeterminate ALF; DNA samples extracted from whole blood samples were obtained from 26 respective patients with indeterminate ALF. These samples were kept at the Acute Liver Failure Study Group repository at the NIDDK, Bethesda. Whole exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed at the Mayo Clinic Center of Individualized Medicine in Rochester, MN.

RESULTS:
Of the 26 patients, 8 survived spontaneously, 6 died, and 12 underwent a liver transplantation; all those transplanted were alive at 21 days after enrollment in the study. Twenty-two of the 26 patients presented as ALF. We found 12 variants associated with 11 genes. The most common variant was rs4940595 in the SERPINB11 gene which was found in 23 of the 26 patients. This variant had a stop codon; no reports of disorders have been associated with this variant. The next most commonly found variant was rs1135840 in the CYP2D6 gene; this mutation is a missense_variant and has been reported to be associated with hepatotoxicity of antituberculous therapy. None of our patients were receiving this therapy. We also found a significant asymmetric distribution of rs1800754 of the CYP2D7 gene and rs1135840 of the CYP2D6 gene between patients who survived spontaneously (75%) and those who died or underwent liver transplantation (30.5% and 25%, respectively).

DISCUSSION:
We found 12 variants of 11 genes significantly associated with ALF among adults with indeterminate etiology. We also found a significant asymmetric distribution of 2 variants belonging to the CYP2D7 and CYP2D6 genes, respectively, between those who survived spontaneously and those who died or underwent liver transplantation. The 2 most common variants, rs4940595 and rs1135840, of the SERPINB11 and CYP2D6 genes, respectively, found in our patients with ALF have been described as potentially important in the adaptive response combating the emergence of infectious diseases and associated with hepatotoxicity of antituberculous therapy, respectively. Our findings need to be expanded to include more patients with indeterminate ALF as well as viral, drug toxicity, and autoimmune etiologies to determine whether our findings are associated with the specific etiology, indeterminate, or with the overall ALF syndrome itself.
Pre-Schwarzian norm for linear operators of uniformly convex functions of order α and type β
Authors: Dziok Jacek , Zayed Hanaa M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
By making use of the pre-Schwarzian norm given by
we obtain such norm estimates for Hohlov operator of functions belonging to the class of uniformly convex functions of order α and type β. We also employ an entirely new method to generalize and extend the results of Theorems 1, 2 and 3 in [3]. Finally, some inequalities concerning the norm of the pre-Schwarzian derivative for Dziok-Srivastava operator are also considered.
Good congruences on abundant semigroups with quasi-ideal adequate transversals
Authors: Wang Aifa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the congruences on abundant semigroups with quasi-ideal adequate transversals. The good congruences on an abundant semigroup with a quasi-ideal adequate transversal S° are described by the equivalence triple abstractly which consists of equivalences on the structure component parts I, S° and Λ. Also, it is shown that the set of all good congruences on this kind of semigroup forms a complete lattice.
Various notions of represetability for cylindric and polyadic algebras
Authors: Ahmed Tarek Sayed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For β an ordinal, let PEAβ (SetPEAβ) denote the class of polyadic equality (set) algebras of dimension β. We show that for any infinite ordinal α, if is atomic, then for any n < ω, the n-neat reduct of , in symbols , is a completely representable PEAn (regardless of the representability of ). That is to say, for all non-zero , there is a and a homomorphism such that fa(a) ≠ 0 and for any for which exists. We give new proofs that various classes consisting solely of completely representable algebras of relations are not elementary; we further show that the class of completely representable relation algebras is not closed under ≡∞,ω. Various notions of representability (such as ‘satisfying the Lyndon conditions’, weak and strong) are lifted from the level of atom structures to that of atomic algebras and are further characterized via special neat embeddings. As a sample, we show that the class of atomic CAns satisfying the Lyndon conditions coincides with the class of atomic algebras in ElScNrnCAω, where El denotes ‘elementary closure’ and Sc is the operation of forming complete subalgebras.
Applying Internalised Source-culture Knowledge to Solve Cultural Translation Problems. A Quasi-experimental Study on the Translator's Acquisition of Cultural Competence
Authors: Olalla-Soler Christian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this article, the ability to efficiently apply internalised source-culture knowledge when solving cultural translation problems is analysed at different stages of acquisition of the translator's cultural competence by means of a cross-sectional, quasi-experimental study. Thirty-eight BA students from the first through fourth year studying Translation and Interpreting at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, as well as ten professional translators participated in this investigation. The subjects’ knowledge of German culture and their knowledge of a selection of cultural translation problems in a text were measured prior to its translation. The translation strategies employed by the subjects to solve these problems were recorded and classified using PACTE's (2017b) sequences of actions. The quality of the subjects' solutions to the cultural translation problems of the text was assessed with PACTE's (2017a) acceptability index. These data were combined to compute the source-culture knowledge application index. Results show that the students in all cohorts preferred to utilise information-seeking strategies even when they possessed cultural knowledge about a specific cultural translation problem, while the professional translators in this study were able to apply their internalised source-culture knowledge. The solutions proposed by both the translation students and the professional translators were of a higher quality when internalised source-culture knowledge was applied.
Augmentation of Vortex Cavitator Performance by the Use of Co-Directional Swirl of the Flux after Vortex Chamber
Authors: Ivanov Evgeniy Gennadievich , Gorbunov Boris Ivanovich , Pasin Alexander Valentinovich , Aryutov Boris Alexandrovich , Novozhilov Alexei Ivanovich 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background: Acoustic cavitation is the creation and collapse of cavitation caverns in liquid in an acoustic field with a frequency of f = 1–3 kHz. The acoustic-cavitation processes manifest themselves during the collapse phase, with high pressure gradient continuum deformation, with a multiple transformation of energy forms. Liquid whistles are widely used to create an acoustic field of high power, but their efficiency only reaches 6–12%. We propose a liquid whistle in the form of a vortex cavitator (analogue of the Ranque vortex tube) with a rotating body in which a reduction in the input power is predicted.

Objective: Verification of feasibility of using a rotating body in a vortex cavitator with a rotation co-directional to the operational pump impeller.

Method: The method for identifying the feasibility of using a rotating body is to exclude body from the prototype and directly connect vortex chamber outlet with the pump inlet, which ensures the most complete preservation of co-directional vortex component of the flux entering the pump impeller.

Results: The results of experimental studies confirmed the validity of the hypothesis to a greater extent, since we achieved an increase in pressure at the outlet of the pump and a decrease in power at the drive relative to the original design.

Conclusions: The feasibility of designing the vortex cavitator body with rotation capability has been established, which will provide a reduction in input power of at least 30% by a rotation of the body, co-directional with the impeller.
Informative Indicators of Functional and Motor Fitness of Students of Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Chernenko S. , Honcharenko O. , Marchenko S. 
Published: October 2019

The study objective was to determine informative indicators of functional and motor fitness of 1st-5th year students.
Materials and methods. The study involved male students of 1st year (n = 67), 2nd year (n = 66), 3rd year (n = 62), 4th year (n = 45), 5th year (n = 56). The following research methods were used to solve the tasks set: analysis of scientific literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing; index method and medical-biological methods. Pedagogical methods were used to study the peculiarities of functional state of the body and motor abilities of 1st-5th year students of higher education institutions; factor analysis was used for data processing.
Results. By the Ruffier index, the 1st-2nd year students have an average heart performance. The 3rd-5th year students have a satisfactory heart performance. By the results of the Stange and Genci tests, the 1st-5th year students are evaluated as healthy and fit. According to the Romberg test, the 1st and 5th year students show higher results than the 2nd, 3rd and 4th year students (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.006, respectively). The 3rd year students have the lowest results. The test results are estimated as lower than normal.
Conclusions. The analysis of motor and functional fitness of the 1st-5th year students showed that the first factor in their structure is the functional state of the respiratory system, the second factor is speed strength and strength fitness. The most informative tests are: 1st year – the Stange test (0.822) and Genci test (0.741); 2nd year – the Genci test (0.758), the Rufier index has the lowest informativity (0.11); 3rd year – “Standing long jump” (0.741) and the Genci test (0.723); 4th year – the Stange test (0.927) and Genci test (0.810); 5th year – the Stange test (0.799).
Description of Motor and Functional Fitness of 4th-5th Grade Boys of a Rural Underfilled School
Authors: Tolstoi A. O. 
Published: October 2019

The study purpose was to determine the dynamics of motor and functional fitness of 4th-5th grade boys of a rural underfilled school during the school year.
Materials and methods. The study participants were boys of 4th grade (n = 9) and 5th grade (n = 5). During parent-teacher meetings, the children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results.
Results. On average, the 4th grade boys’ results are 10.8 times better in push-ups (p < 0.05); 5.3 times better in pull-ups (p < 0.05); 15.3 s better in bent-arm hang (p < 0.05). By the results of other motor tests, the differences between average values are statistically non-significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusions. The general level of the pupils’ functional and motor fitness is sufficient. There are statistically significant differences between the 4th and 5th grade boys in push-ups, pull-ups, bent-arm hang, Stange test, Serkin test (p < 0.05). By the results of other tests, the differences between average values are statistically non-significant (p > 0.05).
Motor Skills Development: Optimization of Teaching Boys Aged 14
Authors: Kapkan O. , Khudolii O. M. , Bartik P. 
Published: October 2019

The study objective is to substantiate the modes of alternation of physical exercises and rest intervals in the process of teaching series of tasks aimed at motor skills development in boys aged 14 years.
Materials and methods. The participants in the study were 40 boys aged 14. The children and their parents were fully informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. To achieve the objective set, the following research methods were used: study and analysis of scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical observation, timing of training tasks; pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics, methods of mathematical experiment planning.
Results. The results of the analysis of variance and regression models show that the optimal mode of performing series of training tasks is within the range of 6-12 exercise repetitions with rest intervals of 60-120 seconds. In the proposed matrix of factorial design, the selected step of factor variation is sufficient to study the impact of different modes of physical exercises on the effectiveness of teaching children and adolescents.
Conclusions. A 22 type experiment made it possible to examine the multifactorial structure of the process of teaching boys aged 14, using the program of algorithmic instructions, to specify the optimal balance between factors for their use when teaching physical exercises during physical education classes.
The best options for teaching series of tasks to boys aged 14 during physical education classes are: series 1 — 12 repetitions, rest interval of 120 s; series 2 — 12 repetitions, rest interval of 60 s; series 3 — 6 repetitions, rest interval of 60 s; series 4 — 12 repetitions, rest interval of 60 s; series 5 — 12 repetitions, rest interval of 120 s; series 6 — 6 repetitions, rest interval of 60 s.
A Four Marker Digital PCR Toolkit for Detecting Heavy Alcohol Consumption and the Effectiveness of Its Treatment
Authors: Philibert Robert , Miller Shelly , Noel Amanda , Dawes Kelsey , Papworth Emma , Black Donald W , Beach Steven R. H , Long Jeffrey D , Mills James A , Dogan Meeshanthini 
Published: October 2019

Background.—Heavy alcohol consumption (HAC) is a shared concern of the forensic, medical and insurance underwriting communities. Unfortunately, there is a relative lack of clinically employable tools for detecting HAC and monitoring treatment response. Building on the results of 3 genome wide methylation studies, we have previously shown in a small group of samples that methylation sensitive digital PCR assays (MSdPCR) have the potential to accurately classify individuals with respect to HAC in a small set of individuals.
Objective.—We now expand on those earlier findings using data and biomaterials from 143 participants with current HAC and 200 abstinent controls.
Results.—We show that a set of 4 digital PCR assays that have a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 for detecting those with HAC. After a mean of 21 days of inpatient enforced abstinence, methylation status at one of these markers, cg04987734, began to revert to baseline values. Re-examination of methylation data from our smaller 2014 study with respect to this locus demonstrated a similarly significant reversion pattern at cg04987734 in association with treatment enforced abstinence.
Conclusions.—We conclude that clinically implementable dPCR tools can sensitively detect the presence of HAC and that they show promise for monitoring alcohol treatment results. These dPCR tools could be useful to clinicians and researchers in monitoring those enrolled in substance use disorder treatment, employee wellness programs and insurance underwriting.
Medical Malpractice Defense: The Predictive and Protective Power of Mortality, Survival, and Life Expectancy
Authors: Milano Anthony F , Beck Gill P 
Published: October 2019

Introduction.—The defense of medical malpractice presents a significant challenge to Assistant United States Attorneys (AUSAs). A medical malpractice claim consists of proof of: (1) duty, (2) breach of the duty, (3) causation, and (4) damages. Often the breach of the duty and the causation elements present complex medical issues involving multiple specialties and subspecialties of medicine. A considerable amount of time is required to prepare the defense pertaining to the alleged breach of the duty and causation elements. The damages aspect of the medical malpractice case is often not given equal treatment and may not be fully developed. As a result, damage awards can be surprisingly high once the breach of the standard of care and the causation defenses fail.
Purpose.—The purpose of this article is to underscore the importance of developing the damages aspect of the case. This article will demonstrate through a case study the power of using fact-based medical-actuarial risk statistics and life expectancy testimony to limit, by thousands if not millions of dollars, economic damages to impairment-specific “years of life lost” in medical-malpractice torts. The important points to remember are that from the moment a case is assigned to an AUSA, the AUSA must: (1) focus as much, if not more, attention on damages; (2) execute a discovery strategy that ensures all aspects of damages are thoroughly investigated; and (3) retain the appropriate experts, including, in appropriate cases, an expert on medical risk appraisal and life expectancy.
Status of Health, Education and Income Inequality in Iran
Authors: Seddighi Hamed , Mousavi Mir-Taher 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Education and income inequality are two important social determinants of health inequality. Every society for improving health status should focus on income equality and education for all. A review of the current situation helps to identify and improve the weaknesses in Iran.
Methods: This study was descriptive and data collection was done by documentary study method. This researchtried to study various global databases, papers and global reports to search the status of Iran in comparison to other countries in different regions.
Result: Studies have shown that inequality in income and wealth. Although the situation in Iran is better than the Persian Gulf countries, more inequality is observed in Iran in comparison to other parts of the world, including the United States and Western Europe. In terms of health, among the fifty major causes of death, Iran is ranked first and fourth in global terms due to road accidents and illicit drug use. At the same time, mortality from liver cancer, skin cancer, epilepsy, cervical cancer, kidney cancer, and cancer are in good condition compared to other countries in the world. In the field of education, the state of Iran in primary education, the exclusion of children from primary education, the guarantee of equal access for women and men to higher education and the eradication of gender inequality in participating in education is in a better situation than other parts of the world, but has been weaker than many other countries in the number of preschool years and pre-school education.
Conclusion: The status of Iran in income inequality and education showed challenges that should be improve. These two as social determinants of health inequalities have an enormous role in health status. Sustainable development goals can be a guideline for developing the current situation.