bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive approach to detecting multitudinous bioactive peptides in equine plasma and urine using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Guan Fuyu , You Youwen , Li Xiaoqing , Robinson Mary A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBioactive peptides possess pharmacological effects and can be illicitly used in sports. To deter such misuse, an untargeted method using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has been developed for comprehensive detection of multitudinous exogenous peptides in equine plasma and urine. Forty‐four peptides were extracted using mixed‐mode solid‐phase extraction (SPE) from plasma and urine, separated with a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column, and detected on an HRMS instrument. Ammonium formate as a mobile phase additive had effects on HILIC retention and charge state distribution of the peptides. The acetonitrile percentage in the reconstitution solution affected the solubility of peptide neat standards and peptides in plasma and urine extracts differently. The stability of the peptides in plasma at ambient temperature was assessed. The limit of detection (LOD) was 10–50 pg/mL for most of the peptides in plasma, and ≤ 500 pg/mL for the remaining. LOD was 100–400 pg/mL for the majority of the analytes in urine, and ≤ 4000 pg/mL for the others. The method was used successfully to analyze incurred plasma and urine samples from research horses administered dermorphin. Even in the absence of reference standards, dermorphin metabolites (aFGYPS‐NH2, YaFG, and YaF) were identified. These results demonstrate that data generated with this method can be retrospectively reviewed for peptides that are unknown at the time of sample analysis without requiring re‐analysis of the sample. This method provides a powerful novel tool for detection of numerous bioactive peptides and their metabolites in equine plasma and urine for doping control.
Permeability enhancement mechanism of sand‐carrying hydraulic fracturing in deep mining: A case study of uncovering coal in cross‐cut
Authors: Shuaifeng Yin , Haifeng Ma , Zhiheng Cheng , Quanle Zou , Yingming Li , Housheng Jia , Kexue Zhang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCoal and gas outburst disasters are prone to occur within rock cross‐cut coal uncovering in deep underground coal mines. To reduce the risk of coal and gas burst under rock cross‐cut coal uncovering, a technique of permeability enhancement using hydraulic fracturing sand‐carrying is proposed. Field test was conducted using HF sand‐carrying approach, and the effect of permeability enhancement was investigated. The results show that the evolution of cracks has been subjected three stages: energy slowly increasing and crack initiation, damage localization of coal seam and gradually failure, and crack instability expansion and formation of a complex fracture network system. In addition, it is found that “water‐sand” type injection of high‐pressure fluid carried sand into HF cracks, which creates a support force on crack surface and prevents crack closure. A fully developed fracture network system with high flow conductivity capacity is created and thus increases gas permeability largely. Furthermore, a clearly increasing trend associated with the HF sand‐carrying is found for the treated coal seam area. The permeability coefficient is about 21.5‐30.5 times higher than that from the raw coal seam. A good prevention effect of coal and gas outburst is achieved using HF sand‐carrying method.
Characterization of a temporoparietal junction subtype of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Meyer François , Wehenkel Marie , Phillips Christophe , Geurts Pierre , Hustinx Roland , Bernard Claire , Bastin Christine , Salmon Eric ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) subtypes have been described according to genetics, neuropsychology, neuropathology, and neuroimaging. Thirty‐one patients with clinically probable AD were selected based on perisylvian metabolic decrease on FDG‐PET. They were compared to 25 patients with a typical pattern of decreased posterior metabolism. Tree‐based machine learning was used on those 56 images to create a classifier that was subsequently applied to 207 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) patients with AD. Machine learning was also used to discriminate between the two ADNI groups based on neuropsychological scores. Compared to AD patients with a typical precuneus metabolic decrease, the new subtype showed stronger hypometabolism in the temporoparietal junction. The classifier was able to distinguish the two groups in the ADNI population. Both groups could only be distinguished cognitively by Trail Making Test‐A scores. This study further confirms that there is more than a typical metabolic pattern in probable AD with amnestic presentation.
Using data‐driven methods to explore the predictability of surface soil moisture with FLUXNET site data
Authors: Pan Jinjing , Shangguan Wei , Li Lu , Yuan Hua , Zhang Shupeng , Lu Xinjie , Wei Nan , Dai Yongjiu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSoil moisture (SM) is a key variable of land surface‐atmosphere interactions. Data‐driven methods have been used to predict SM, but the predictability of SM has not been well evaluated. This study investigated what variables and methods can be used to better predict SM for leading times of 7 days or longer with a global coverage of FLUXNET site data for the first time. Three machine‐learning models, that is, Bayesian linear regression, random forest, and gradient boosting regression tree, are used for the prediction. Variables including atmospheric forcing, surface soil temperature, time variables (year, day of year, and hour), the Fourier transformation of time variables, and lagged SM (7‐ to 14‐day lagged) were sequentially added into models. A framework with five experiments is designed for factorial exploration of SM predictability. A stepwise method was used to build the best models for each site. The performance of regression models became better when adding more explaining variables in most cases. The results showed that from 50 to 95% of variation of the best models can be explained. The important explaining variables are lagged surface SM, followed by day of year, year, soil temperature, and atmospheric forcing. The predictability of SM depends highly on SM memory characteristics and the persistence of seasonality. The effect of SM memory characteristics on SM prediction as an initial condition question has been widely discussed in this paper. Our results also provide an insight that mechanisms of seasonality effects on SM should be also paid more attention to.
FEATURES FOR CLASSIFYING PHOTOSYNTHETIC AEROBIC NANOPLANKTON BY NUMERICAL TAXONOMY
Authors: Van Valkenburg Shirley D. , Karlander Edward P. , Patterson Glenn W. , Colwell Rita R. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA list of features for preparing a numerical taxonomy of the nanoplankton is presented and includes 387 morphological, ultrastructural, physiological, and biochemical characters. The characters are to be recorded and the taxonomic data are to be analyzed by computer to determine: (i) degree of over‐all similarity among the strains, based on the 387 characters; (ii) minimum number and particular characters suitable for construction of an identification key; and (iii) minimum set of characters providing as robust a classification as that developed using all the characters. The approach taken in this study can provide the basis for on‐line computer identification of the photosynthetic, aerobic nanoplankton. Results of an analysis of 10 species of Haptophyceae and Chrysophyceae, using morphological and ultrastructural data, demonstrate the practicality of this proposed system. Dendrograms prepared by computer are presented and comparison of the results obtained by computer analysis with classical taxonomic treatment shows good agreement.
AUSTRALIAN COLLECTIONS OF LABILLARDIERE IN THE HERBARIUM OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA
Authors: Apfelbaum Joan 
Published: June 2019

SummarySixteen plant specimens collected in Australia by Jacques Julien Houtou de Labillardière, naturalist on the voyage of d'Entrecasteaux, 1791‐1794, and eight other Australian specimens possibly collected by Labillardière are listed. Their original names and names in current use are given, with bibliographic citations, data from specimen labels, identification of handwriting on these labels, and locality information from original descriptions. A history of the specimens is given.
TYPIFICATION OF NAMES VS. TYPIFICATION OF TAXA: PROPOSALS ON ARTICLE 48 AND RECONSIDERATION OF MITRACARPUS HIRTUS VS. M. VILLOSUS (RUBIACEAE)
Authors: Nicolson Dan H. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThree proposals on Article 48 are made: (1) to revise the text of the first paragraph, emphasizing explicit exclusion of types, rather than implicit exclusion by circumscription, (2) to transfer the first paragraph to Article 64 and (3) to transfer the second paragraph to Article 14. The principle of requiring explicit, rather than implicit, exclusion of a type leads to the conclusion that Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. is the correct name for the taxon often called M. villosus (Sw.) DC.
L'HERBIER DU CENTRE ORSTOM DE CAYENNE (CAY) A 25 ANS
Authors: Cremers G. 
Published: June 2019

RésuméL'herbier du Centre ORSTOM de Cayenne (CAY) fête ses 25 ans d'existence. Il comporte environ 50 000 spécimens, soit plus de 3000 taxons de Phanérogames, 300 de Ptéridophytes et 200 de Bryophytes.L'historique du laboratoire et l'activité des différents chercheurs y est exposé. Cet exposé sur le laboratoire se termine par une liste des principales publications.
THE CONCEPT OF NOMENCLATURAL ILLEGITIMACY, INCLUDING 32 PROPOSALS TO AMEND THE CODE
Authors: Parkinson P. G. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAccording to Art. 6.4 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Sydney), “An illegitimate name is one that is designated as such in Arts. 18.3 or 63–67 (see also Art. 21 Note 1 and Art. 24 Note 1).” Art. 6.3 defines legitimacy; “A legitimate name is one that is in accordance with the rules.” A name which is not “in accordance with the rules” is not necessarily illegitimate however. If it is contrary to Art. 33 the name is invalid. If the name is contrary to Art. 57 it is merely incorrect. A sentence was added to Art. 6.4 at Sydney, stating “A name which according to this Code was illegitimate when published cannot become legitimate later unless it is conserved.”Despite the wording of previous Codes in speaking of “illegitimate names or epithets” there was agreement among most botanists to whom I referred the point that epithets cannot be illegitimate. Legitimacy is a property of a validly published name. If a name is not validly published it has no standing under the Code. If it is validly published then it is either legitimate or illegitimate. If it is legitimate then it is used either correctly or else incorrectly. The Editorial Committee for the Sydney Code accepted this and deleted all references to “illegitimate epithets” from the Sydney Code while that was in draft. This affects only slightly the meaning of Art. 6. It has long seemed to me that if a name is validly published then it can be used correctly or incorrectly; I see no need for a special category of names which are valid but not legitimate. In coming to this viewpoint I have examined the origins and effects of the concept of nomenclatural illegitimacy and these studies have confirmed for me my suspicion that the entire concept of legitimacy/illegitimacy is an unnecessary, confusing encumbrance on the Code and that the purposes of botanical nomenclature will be best served if we get rid of it. This paper sets forth the arguments for this position.
THE TYPIFICATION OF THREE LINNAEAN SPECIES OF HORDEVM (POACEAE)
Authors: Baum B. R. , Jarvis C. E. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe following names are typified: Hordeum murinum L., Hordeum bulbosum L. and H. nodosum L. Arguments and details are provided in support of the findings. The first two retain their common usage, whereas the third is the diploid subspecies of H. bulbosum.
ANOTHER APPROACH TO LEAF SHAPE COMPARISONS
Authors: Dickinson T. A. , Parker W. H. , Strauss R. E. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMethods for shape comparisons among groups originally developed in zoological studies are found to be useful in examining variation in leaf shape. These methods (sampling outlines by means of truss networks connecting landmarks or pseudolandmarks, and sheared principal components analysis) take advantage of electronic methods of data capture and multivariate data analysis. They have the desirable properties of discriminating between shape variation and variation in size, and of permitting their results to be related directly to the original measurements from which they were obtained. The utility of these methods is demonstrated with respect to a search for possible leaf shape intermediacy in putativeCrataegushybrids, and an examination of geographic variation in the cross‐sectional shape ofLarix laricinaneedles.
LOUDON'S HORTUS BRITANNICUS (1830): AN EARLY SOURCE OF SECTIONAL NAMES, NECESSITATING NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES IN MANY GENERA—ASTER: A CASE IN POINT
Authors: Sundberg Scott , Jones Almut G. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryLoudon's Hortus Britannicus, Part 1 (1830) is a catalogue of the native and cultivated plants of Great Britain. Sections and subsections are validly named and briefly diagnosed for most of the larger genera. Because of the early publication date of the book, these names (none of which was typified) have priority over many of the sectional and subsectional names currently in use. Types are indicated and, where needed, lectotypes are designated for the seven sectional names under Aster.
Ownership of the Pomona College Herbarium formally transferred to Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden
Authors: Boyd Steve 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBoyd, S.: Ownership of the Pomona College Herbarium formally transferred to Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. – Taxon 47: 515. 1998. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The Pomona College Herbarium (POM) has been housed with the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Herbarium (RSA) in Claremont, California, since 1951 and fully integrated with it since the late 1960s. Ownership of the Pomona College Herbarium was formally transferred to Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden on 1 June 1996.
Clinical and neurophysiological characteristics of heterozygous NPC1 carriers
Authors: Benussi Alberto , Cotelli Maria S. , Cantoni Valentina , Bertasi Valeria , Turla Marinella , Dardis Andrea , Biasizzo Jessica , Manenti Rosa , Cotelli Maria , Padovani Alessandro , Borroni Barbara 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNiemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) is an uncommon lysosomal storage disorder, which is characterized neuropathologically by cholinergic dysfunction and presents clinically with a broad series of neurological signs and symptoms. NPC is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, caused by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. However, recent reports have raised concerns on heterozygous NPC1 gene mutation carriers, which historically have been considered as clinically unaffected, occasionally presenting with clinical parkinsonian syndromes or dementia. In the present study, we aimed at comprehensively assessing clinical, biochemical, and neurophysiological features in heterozygous NPC1 gene mutation carriers. We assessed cholinergic intracortical circuits with transcranial magnetic stimulation, executive functions and plasma oxysterol levels in two families comprising two monozygotic twins with a homozygous NPC1 p.P888S mutation, four patients with a compound heterozygous p.E451K and p.G992W mutation, 10 heterozygous NPC1 p.P888S carriers, 1 heterozygous NPC1 p.E451K carrier, and 11 noncarrier family members. We observed a significant impairment in cholinergic circuits, evaluated with short‐latency afferent inhibition (SAI), and executive abilities in homozygous/compound heterozygous patients and heterozygous asymptomatic NPC1 carriers, compared to noncarriers. Moreover, we reported a significant correlation between executive functions performances and both plasma oxysterol levels and neurophysiological parameters. These data suggest that heterozygous NPC1 carriers show subclinical deficits in cognition, possibly mediated by an impairment of cholinergic circuits, which in turn may mediate the onset of neurological disorders in a subset of patients.
Long‐term outcome of lower extremity lymphedema treated with vascularized lymph node flap transfer with or without venous complications
Authors: Koide Satomi , Lin Chia‐Yu , Chen Courtney , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground: Vascularized submental lymph node (VSLN) transfer is an emerging approach for extremity lymphedema. This study investigated the long‐term outcome and venous complications of VSLN for unilateral lower extremity lymphedema.Methods: Between 2010 and 2018, patients who underwent VSLN for unilateral lower extremity lymphedema were retrospectively evaluated. Patient demographics, operative records, complications, circumferential improvement, and episodes of cellulitis were analyzed. Further comparisons were performed between different types, numbers, and techniques of venous anastomoses.Results: A total of 75 VSLNs in 70 patients survived, giving a 100% success rate. Six flaps (8%) had venous complications (VC group) and 69 flaps (92%) did not (No‐VC group). There were no statistical differences in types, numbers, and techniques of anastomoses between two groups (P = .65, 1, and .56, respectively). At a mean follow‐up of 32.0 ± 23.0 months, mean circumferential improvement and episodes of cellulitis between two groups did not statistically differ significantly (P = .31 and .09, respectively).Conclusions: VSLN is an effective treatment for lower extremity lymphedema. The types, numbers of veins, and techniques of venous anastomoses did not statistically affect the venous complication rates. Functional outcomes of the VSLNs were not compromised if venous complications were salvaged promptly.
Melanoma
Authors: O'Neill Conor H. , Scoggins Charles R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCurrent recommendations by the United States Preventive Services Task Force do not support screening for skin cancer. Melanoma is unique among cancers because detection is through visual inspection. Development of technologies that aid visual inspection have supported screening strategies in high‐risk populations such as older fair skinned males with personal or family history of melanoma. Clearly delineating these populations and appropriate utilization of these newer technologies will be imperative in future screening paradigms.
Pediatric tracheostomy: A large single‐center experience
Authors: Roberts Jessica , Powell Jason , Begbie Jacob , Siou Gerard , McLarnon Claire , Welch Andrew , McKean Michael , Thomas Mathew , Ebdon Anne‐Marie , Moss Samantha , Agbeko Rachel S. , Smith Jonathan H. , Brodlie Malcolm , O'Brien Christopher , Powell Steven 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology, specifically the indications, complications, and outcomes, of pediatric tracheostomies performed in one tertiary referral unit.MethodsSingle‐center retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients undergoing tracheostomy between May 2010 and May 2018 at the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, United Kingdom.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐two pediatric tracheostomies were performed during the study period with a median age of 141 (interquartile range [IQR] 51–484) days. The most common primary indication was long‐term ventilation (38.4%, 66 of 172), followed by weaning from ventilation in cardiac patients (22.1%, 38 of 172). Only 5.2% (9 of 172) of our cohort underwent tracheostomy for subglottic stenosis. The vast majority of tracheostomies were performed electively, with just 6.4% (11 of 172) performed as an emergency procedure. Early and late complication rates were 9.8% (15 of 153) and 40.0% (61 of 153), respectively. Tracheostomy decannulation was successful in 44.4% of children (68 of 153). The median duration the tracheostomy was in situ was 397 (IQR 106–708) days. All‐cause mortality was 22.1% (38 of 172), with tracheostomy‐related mortality at 1.2% (2 of 172).ConclusionWe report one of the largest contemporary case series of pediatric tracheostomies. Present‐day pediatric tracheostomy is primarily performed as an elective procedure in ventilated children under the age of 1 year. Pediatric tracheostomy should be considered as a long‐term intervention in many children. Nevertheless, a large proportion of children are ultimately decannulated. It is important to acknowledge the significant morbidity associated with this intervention and the small‐but‐present risk of tracheostomy‐related mortality.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:E375–E380, 2020
Identification of novel variants in MYO15A, OTOF, and RDX with hearing loss by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Bai Xuejing , Nian Shiyan , Feng Lei , Ruan Qingrong , Luo Xuan , Wu Mengna , Yan Zefeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundNonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is the most common sensorineural disorder and one of the most common human defects. Autosomal recessive inheritance accounts for a huge percentage of familial cases. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful molecular diagnostic strategy for NSHL. The combination of a microarray gene chip and NGS can better delineate the etiology and genetic cause of deafness in many cases.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐one unrelated students with NSHL who attend a special education school in Yunnan Province were recruited. Firstly, four common deafness‐related genes (GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4, and mtDNA 12S rRNA) were evaluated for mutations using a microarray kit. Furthermore, 227 known human deafness genes were sequenced to identify the responsible genetic variant of the proband in three Chinese families with autosomal recessive hearing loss. The mutational status of family members of the probands was validated by Sanger sequencing.ResultsFive novel variants were found in three families using NGS. In family 1, we identified compound heterozygosity at the MYO15A (OMIM, #600316), including an duplication variant c.3866dupC, p.His1290Alafs*25 and a 3‐bp deletion (c.10251_10253del, p.Phe3420del), resulting in protein length changes and premature protein truncation, respectively. In family 2, two affected siblings from a consanguineous Chinese Dai family harbored an c.1274G>C, p.Arg425Pro missense variant in the OTOF (OMIM, #601071). In family 3, we identified compound heterozygosity for c.129_130del, p.His43Glnfs*28 and c.76_79del, p.Lys26* in the RDX gene (OMIM, #611022).ConclusionFive novel variants were found in three families with NSHL. Our findings extend the mutational spectrum in deafness‐related genes and will help physicians in better understanding the etiology of hearing loss.