bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical and Wound Healing Characteristics of Corneas After Excimer Laser Keratorefractive Surgery: Is There a Difference Between Advanced Surface Ablation and Sub-Bowman's Keratomileusis?
Authors: Dawson Daniel G. , Grossniklaus Hans E. , McCarey Bernard E. , Edelhauser Henry F. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To describe the biomechanical and wound healing characteristics of corneas after excimer laser keratorefractive surgery.

Methods:
Histologic, ultrastructural, and cohesive tensile strength evaluations were performed on 25 normal human corneal specimens, 206 uncomplicated LASIK specimens, 17 uncomplicated sub-Bowman's keratomileusis (SBK) specimens, 4 uncomplicated photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) specimens, 2 uncomplicated advanced surface ablation (ASA) specimens, 5 keratoconus specimens, 12 postoperative LASIK ectasia specimens, and 1 postoperative PRK ectasia specimen and compared to previously published studies.

Results:
Histologic and ultrastructural studies of normal corneas showed significant differences in the direction of collagen fibrils and/or the degree of lamellar interweaving in Bowman's layer, the anterior third of the corneal stroma, the posterior two-thirds of the corneal stroma, and Descemet's membrane. Cohesive tensile strength testing directly supported these morphologic findings as the stronger, more rigid regions of the cornea were located anteriorly and peripherally. This suggests that PRK and ASA, and secondarily SBK, should be biomechanically safer than conventional LASIK with regard to risk for causing keratectasia after surgery.
Because adult human corneal stromal wounds heal slowly and incompletely, all excimer laser keratorefractive surgical techniques still have some distinct disadvantages due to inadequate reparative wound healing. Despite reducing some of the risk for corneal haze compared to conventional PRK, ASA cases still can develop corneal haze or breakthrough haze from the hypercellular fibrotic stromal scarring. In contrast, similar to conventional LASIK, SBK still has the short- and long-term potential for interface wound complications from the hypocellular primitive stromal scar.

Conclusions:
Ophthalmic pathology and basic science research show that SBK and ASA are improvements in excimer laser keratorefractive surgery compared to conventional LASIK or PRK, particularly with regard to maintaining corneal biomechanics and perhaps moderately reducing the risk of corneal haze. However, most of the disadvantages caused by wound healing issues remain.

[
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:S90–S96.]
Complications of Sub-Bowman's Keratomileusis With a Femtosecond Laser in 3009 Eyes
Authors: Chang John S.M. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To assess the safety and complication rate of sub-Bowman's keratomileusis (SBK) in 3009 eyes.

Methods:
The flaps were created using the IntraLase femtosecond laser, and excimer ablation was performed with the Bausch & Lomb H.Eye.Tech laser system. The complications of SBK were evaluated retrospectively. The types of complications were grouped into intra- and postoperative flap related.

Results:
In 3009 SBK procedures, the total complication rate was 0.63%. Intra- and postoperative flap-related complication rates were 0.33% and 0.30%, respectively. Only 1 (0.033%) eye lost one line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity from diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK). Intraoperative complications included flap tear, free cap, bubble escape, and flap folds. Postoperative complications included DLK and epithelial ingrowth. Other flap-related complications such as uneven bed, buttonhole, short flap, flap striae, or wrinkles did not occur in this series. All intraoperative complications were managed within the same day.

Conclusions:

The complication rate of SBK is low. Vision loss is also rare. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:S97–S101.]
15-Month Visual Outcomes and Corneal Power Changes of SMILE in Treating High Myopia With Maximum Myopic Meridian Exceeding 10.00 D
Authors: Yang Xiaonan , Liu Fang , Liu Manli , Liu Quan , Weng Shengbei , Lin Haiqin 
Published: January 2019

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the long-term visual and refractive outcomes, optical quality, and stability of the cornea and axial length after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for the correction of high myopia with a maximum myopic meridian exceeding 10.00 diopters (D).

METHODS:
Via a prospective cohort study, 53 eyes (53 patients) with a maximum myopic meridian exceeding 10.00 D were corrected with a VisuMax femtosecond laser (version 3.0; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University. Refractive outcomes, aberrations, axial length, and corneal curvature were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 15 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

At 15 months postoperatively, the efficacy and safety indexes were 0.91 ± 0.25 and 1.15 ± 0.18, respectively. A total of 72% of eyes were within ±0.50 D and 89% were within ±1.00 D of the attempted spherical equivalent, respectively. From 1 to 15 months postoperatively, the significant regression was −0.24 ± 0.28 D (
P
< .001) on manifest refraction and −0.43 ± 0.54 D (
P
< .001) on anterior corneal curvature. In addition, a significant increase of 0.20 µm (
P
= .016) was observed in the spherical aberration. No significant change was observed in posterior corneal curvature (
P
> .999), including mean keratometry or astigmatism, or in the ocular axis length from 1 to 15 months postoperatively (26.82 ± 0.93 and 26.82 ± 0.95 mm, respectively,
P
> .99).

CONCLUSIONS:
SMILE had long-term safety, efficacy, and predictability when treating high myopia with a maximum myopic meridian exceeding 10.00 D. Both a manifest refraction regression of −0.24 D and a significant spherical aberration increase of 0.20 µm were observed between 1 and 15 months postoperatively, due to the increased anterior corneal curvature.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(1):31–39.]
Rotational Stability and Centration of a New Toric Lens Design Platform Using Objective Image Analysis Over 6 Months
Authors: Bhogal-Bhamra Gurpreet K. , Sheppard Amy L. , Kolli Sai , Wolffsohn James S. 
Published: January 2019

PURPOSE:
To determine the rotational stability of the Rayner 600S intraocular lens (IOL) (Rayner, Worthing, United Kingdom) using objective image analysis techniques.

METHODS:
A total of 66 patients (mean age: 69.92 ± 8.45 years) with healthy eyes presenting for routine cataract surgery were implanted monocularly with the 600S IOL and followed up over 90 to 180 days postoperatively. Images of the IOL were captured through a maximally dilated pupil (tropicamide 1.0%, phenylephrine 2.5%) immediately after surgery and after 1 to 3 days, 30 days, and 90 to 180 days using a digital slit-lamp biomicro-scope. The orientation of the IOL markings were image analyzed compared to conjunctival blood vessel landmarks visible across all time points to correct for head and rotation. Centration was assessed by drawing ovals to circumscribe the IOL, pupil, and limbus to compare the centers (0.01 mm per-pixel resolution).

RESULTS:
Absolute values for rotation postoperatively were 1.60° ± 1.13° at 1 to 3 days, 1.58° ± 1.36° at 30 days, and 1.83° ± 1.44° at 90 to 180 days. No lens rotated more than 5°. The average centration relative to the limbus was −0.04 ± 0.25 mm horizontally and 0.04 ± 0.26 mm vertically at 1 to 3 days, 0.00 ± 0.38 mm vertically and 0.01 ± 0.28 mm horizontally at 30 days, and 0.08 ± 0.37 mm vertically and 0.07 ± 0.47 mm horizontally at 90 to 180 days.

CONCLUSIONS:
The Rayner 600S IOL showed exceptional rotational stability and centration after implantation, meeting the U.S. Food and Drug Administration prescribed American National Standards Institute standards for toric IOLs.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(1):48–53.]
A Prime-Pull-Amplify Vaccination Strategy To Maximize Induction of Circulating and Genital-Resident Intraepithelial CD8+ Memory T Cells
Authors: Çuburu Nicolas , Kim Rina , Guittard Geoffrey C. , Thompson Cynthia D. , Day Patricia M. , Hamm David E. , Pang Yuk-Ying S. , Graham Barney S. , Lowy Douglas R. , Schiller John T. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Recent insight into the mechanisms of induction of tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells (CD8+ TRM) enables the development of novel vaccine strategies against sexually transmitted infections. To maximize both systemic and genital intraepithelial CD8+ T cells against vaccine Ags, we assessed combinations of i.m. and intravaginal routes in heterologous prime-boost immunization regimens with unrelated viral vectors. Only i.m. prime followed by intravaginal boost induced concomitant strong systemic and intraepithelial genital-resident CD8+ T cell responses. Intravaginal boost with vectors expressing vaccine Ags was far superior to intravaginal instillation of CXCR3 chemokine receptor ligands or TLR 3, 7, and 9 agonists to recruit and increase the pool of cervicovaginal CD8+ TRM. Transient Ag presentation increased trafficking of cognate and bystander circulating activated, but not naive, CD8+ T cells into the genital tract and induced in situ proliferation and differentiation of cognate CD8+ TRM. Secondary genital CD8+ TRM were induced in the absence of CD4+ T cell help and shared a similar TCR repertoire with systemic CD8+ T cells. This prime-pull-amplify approach elicited systemic and genital CD8+ T cell responses against high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein and conferred CD8-mediated protection to a vaccinia virus genital challenge. These results underscore the importance of the delivery route of nonreplicating vectors in prime-boost immunization to shape the tissue distribution of CD8+ T cell responses. In this context, the importance of local Ag presentation to elicit genital CD8+ TRM provides a rationale to develop novel vaccines against sexually transmitted infections and to treat human papillomavirus neoplasia.
Immune Cell Infiltration into the Eye Is Controlled by IL-10 in Recoverin-Induced Autoimmune Retinopathy
Authors: Nikoopour Enayat , Lin Cheng-mao , Sheskey Sarah , Heckenlively John R. , Lundy Steven K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a treatable condition that manifests in acute and progressive vision loss in patients. It has recently been determined that AIR is associated with an imbalance of TH1 versus regulatory T cell immunity toward the retinal protein, recoverin. This study describes a new murine model to understand the immunopathology of AIR and its association with T cell responses toward recoverin. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with recoverin resulted in ocular inflammation including infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B cells, and CD11b+Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes in the eyes. Production of IFN-γ and IL-17 from T cells was exacerbated in IL-10 knockout (KO) mice and kinetics of disease development was accelerated. Infiltration of T cells and inflammatory monocytes into the eyes dramatically increased in recoverin-immunized IL-10 KO mice. An immunodominant peptide of recoverin, AG-16, was capable of inducing disease in IL-10 KO mice and resulted in expansion of AG-16 tetramer-specific CD4+ T cells in lymphoid organs and eyes. Adoptive transfer of recoverin-stimulated cells into naive mice was sufficient to induce AIR, and immunization of B cell–deficient mice led to a milder form of the disease. This model supports the hypothesis that recoverin-specific T cell responses are major drivers of AIR pathogenesis and that IL-10 is an important factor in protection.
Natural hazard mitigation strategies review: Actor–network theory and the eco-based approach understanding in Zimbabwe
Authors: Katanha Anyway , Simatele Danny 
Published: January 2019

This paper presents the literature reviewed on the evolution of the natural hazard mitigation perspective and an overview of its progression to date. The article uses information taken from diverse sources such as a globally accepted scientific databases Google Scholar (http://www.scholar.google.co.in), Scopus (http://www.scopus.com), Science Direct (http://www.sciencedirect.com), SpringerLink (http://www.springer.co.in) and Wiley (http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com); conference proceedings; theses; abstracts; and impact and non-indexed journals. It demonstrates how the actor–network theory (ANT) theoretical framework can be applicable to Muzarabani in Zimbabwe as a tool for analysing and elaborating hazard mitigation strategies. Actor–network theory is gradually becoming influential but is still a bone of contention, mainly because of its radical approach. Actor–network theory treats humans and non-humans as equal actors. In spite of its limitations, studies have shown that an ANT-grounded approach is useful in providing a framework for the comprehension of the complexities of daily life during natural hazard episodes and the dynamic role of Ziziphus mauritiana in the network in Muzarabani, Zimbabwe. The theory can demonstrate its importance in respect of how social results are produced as a result of linkages among diverse actors (human and non-human) in a network. The article argues that if ANT is used logically it is useful in examining eco-based natural hazard mitigation and resilience approaches in semi-arid regions.
Microbial community changes induced by Managed Aquifer Recharge activities: linking hydrogeological and biological processes
Authors: Barba Carme , Folch Albert , Gaju Núria , Sanchez-Vila Xavier , Carrasquilla Marc , Grau-Martínez Alba , Martínez-Alonso Maira 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a technique used worldwide to increase the
availability of water resources. We study how MAR modifies microbial
ecosystems and its implications for enhancing biodegradation processes to
eventually improve groundwater quality. We compare soil and groundwater
samples taken from a MAR facility located in NE Spain during recharge (with
the facility operating continuously for several months) and after 4 months
of no recharge. The study demonstrates a strong correlation between soil and
water microbial prints with respect to sampling location along the mapped
infiltration path. In particular, managed recharge practices disrupt
groundwater ecosystems by modifying diversity indices and the composition of
microbial communities, indicating that infiltration favors the growth of
certain populations. Analysis of the genetic profiles showed the presence of
nine different bacterial phyla in the facility, revealing high biological
diversity at the highest taxonomic range. In fact, the microbial population
patterns under recharge conditions agree with the intermediate disturbance
hypothesis (IDH). Moreover, DNA sequence analysis of excised denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) band patterns
revealed the existence of indicator species linked to MAR, most notably
Dehalogenimonas sp., Nitrospira sp. and Vogesella sp.. Our real facility multidisciplinary study (hydrological, geochemical and
microbial), involving soil and groundwater samples, indicates that MAR is a
naturally based, passive and efficient technique with broad implications for
the biodegradation of pollutants dissolved in water.
Zen-Brain Horizons
Authors: Austin James H. 
Published: January 2019

A neurologist and Zen practitioner clarifies the benefits of meditative training, drawing on classical Buddhist literature and modern brain research.
In Zen-Brain Horizons, James Austin draws on his decades of experience as a neurologist and Zen practitioner to clarify the benefits of meditative training. Austin integrates classical Buddhist literature with modern brain research, exploring the horizons of a living, neural Zen.
When viewed in the light of today, the timeless wisdom of some Zen masters seems almost to have anticipated recent research in the neurosciences. The keen attentiveness and awareness that we cultivate during meditative practices becomes the leading edge of our subsequent mental processing. Austin explains how our covert, involuntary functions can make crucial contributions to the subtle ways we learn, intuit, and engage in creative activities. He demonstrates why living Zen means much more than sitting quietly indoors on a cushion, and provides simplified advice that helps guide readers to the most important points.
All for Nothing
Authors: Cutrofello Andrew 
Published: January 2019

Hamlet as performed by philosophers, with supporting roles played by Kant, Nietzsche, and others.
A specter is haunting philosophy—the specter of Hamlet. Why is this? Wherefore? What should we do?
Entering from stage left: the philosopher's Hamlet. The philosopher's Hamlet is a conceptual character, played by philosophers rather than actors. He performs not in the theater but within the space of philosophical positions. In All for Nothing, Andrew Cutrofello critically examines the performance history of this unique role.
The philosopher's Hamlet personifies negativity. In Shakespeare's play, Hamlet's speech and action are characteristically negative; he is the melancholy Dane. Most would agree that he has nothing to be cheerful about. Philosophers have taken Hamlet to embody specific forms of negativity that first came into view in modernity. What the figure of the Sophist represented for Plato, Hamlet has represented for modern philosophers. Cutrofello analyzes five aspects of Hamlet's negativity: his melancholy, negative faith, nihilism, tarrying (which Cutrofello distinguishes from “delaying”), and nonexistence. Along the way, we meet Hamlet in the texts of Kant, Coleridge, Hegel, Marx, Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Freud, Russell, Wittgenstein, Heidegger, Benjamin, Arendt, Schmitt, Lacan, Deleuze, Foucault, Derrida, Badiou, Žižek, and other philosophers. Whirling across a kingdom of infinite space, the philosopher's Hamlet is nothing if not thought-provoking.
Cognitive Pluralism
Authors: Horst Steven 
Published: January 2019

An argument that we understand the world through many special-purpose mental models of different content domains, and an exploration of the philosophical implications.
Philosophers have traditionally assumed that the basic units of knowledge and understanding are concepts, beliefs, and argumentative inferences. In Cognitive Pluralism, Steven Horst proposes that another sort of unit—a mental model of a content domain—is the fundamental unit of understanding. He argues that understanding comes not in word-sized concepts, sentence-sized beliefs, or argument-sized reasoning but in the form of idealized models and in domain-sized chunks. He argues further that this idea of “cognitive pluralism”—the claim that we understand the world through many such models of a variety of content domains—sheds light on a number of problems in philosophy.
Horst first presents the “standard view” of cognitive architecture assumed in mainstream epistemology, semantics, truth theory, and theory of reasoning. He then explains the notion of a mental model as an internal surrogate that mirrors features of its target domain, and puts it in the context of ideas in psychology, philosophy of science, artificial intelligence, and theoretical cognitive science. Finally, he argues that the cognitive pluralist view not only helps to explain puzzling disunities of knowledge but also raises doubts about the feasibility of attempts to “unify” the sciences; presents a model-based account of intuitive judgments; and contends that cognitive pluralism favors a reliabilist epistemology and a “molecularist” semantics. Horst suggests that cognitive pluralism allows us to view rival epistemological and semantic theories not as direct competitors but as complementary accounts, each an idealized model of different dimensions of evaluation.
Power Button
Authors: Plotnick Rachel 
Published: January 2019

Push a button and turn on the television; tap a button and get a ride; click a button and “like” something. The touch of a finger can set an appliance, a car, or a system in motion, even if the user doesn't understand the underlying mechanisms or algorithms. How did buttons become so ubiquitous? Why do people love them, loathe them, and fear them? In Power Button, Rachel Plotnick traces the origins of today's push-button society by examining how buttons have been made, distributed, used, rejected, and refashioned throughout history. Focusing on the period between 1880 and 1925, when “technologies of the hand” proliferated (including typewriters, telegraphs, and fingerprinting), Plotnick describes the ways that button pushing became a means for digital command, which promised effortless, discreet, and fool-proof control. Emphasizing the doubly digital nature of button pushing—as an act of the finger and a binary activity (on/off, up/down)—Plotnick suggests that the tenets of precomputational digital command anticipate contemporary ideas of computer users.
Plotnick discusses the uses of early push buttons to call servants, and the growing tensions between those who work with their hands and those who command with their fingers; automation as “automagic,” enabling command at a distance; instant gratification, and the victory of light over darkness; and early twentieth-century imaginings of a future push-button culture. Push buttons, Plotnick tells us, have demonstrated remarkable staying power, despite efforts to cast button pushers as lazy, privileged, and even dangerous.
Critical Fabulations
Authors: Rosner Daniela K 
Published: January 2019

A proposal to redefine design in a way that not only challenges the field's dominant paradigms but also changes the practice of design itself.
In Critical Fabulations, Daniela Rosner proposes redefining design as investigative and activist, personal and culturally situated, responsive and responsible. Challenging the field's dominant paradigms and reinterpreting its history, Rosner wants to change the way we historicize the practice, reworking it from the inside. Focusing on the development of computational systems, she takes on powerful narratives of innovation and technology shaped by the professional expertise that has become integral to the field's mounting status within the new industrial economy. To do so, she intervenes in legacies of design, expanding what is considered “design” to include long-silenced narratives of practice, and enhancing existing design methodologies based on these rediscovered inheritances. Drawing on discourses of feminist technoscience, she examines craftwork's contributions to computing innovation—how craftwork becomes hardware manufacturing, and how hardware manufacturing becomes craftwork. She reclaims, for example, NASA's “Little Old Ladies,” the women who built information storage for the Apollo missions by weaving wires through magnetized metal rings.

Mixing history, theory, personal experience, and case studies, Rosner reweaves fibers of technoscience by slowly reworking the methods and margins of design. She suggests critical fabulations as ways of telling stories that awaken alternative histories, and offers a set of techniques and orientations for fabulating its future. Critical Fabulations shows how design's hidden inheritances open different possibilities for practice.