bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notes on The Pronunciation of Canadian English as Spoken in Vancouver, B.C.
Authors: Gregg R. J. 
Published: February 2018

1. In the studies of Canadian English which have appeared up to date, emphasis has largely been placed been on the social-historical factors which account for the distribution of different groups of English-speaking settlers. This work, of course, provides an indispensable basis for further linguistic investigations, and equally useful are the lexical distributions that have been studied. In the phonological field, however, there is an urgent need for more material based on first-hand phonetic observation.2. The present article sets out to analyse phonetically the English spoken in the Vancouver area, specifically among the younger generation. Some fifty local students, ranging in age from sixteen to twenty-two, have co-operated in this exploratory analysis during the last two years, and the detailed investigation of their speech has been supplemented and checked by further investigation outside the group.
Research in the Language and Place-Names of Newfoundland
Authors: Story G. M. 
Published: February 2018

Adequate plans for the examination of the language and place-names of the Island were conceived only three years ago; it will not, therefore, be surprising if this interim report is a more or less inadequate sketch which may at times dwell more on what needs to be done rather than on what has actually been accomplished.Some of the difficulties we are having to take into account result from the fact that toponymy and linguistic research are not altogether autonomous disciplines. Properly viewed they impinge on such studies as cartography, geography, history, social anthropology and folklore. One of the most encouraging recent developments in Newfoundland has been the lively interest in the inheritance of the Island, and the formulation of a programme of research for its adequate exploration.
Phase recovery and holographic image reconstruction using deep learning in neural networks
Authors: Rivenson Yair , Zhang Yibo , Günaydın Harun , Teng Da , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhase recovery from intensity-only measurements forms the heart of coherent imaging techniques and holography. In this study, we demonstrate that a neural network can learn to perform phase recovery and holographic image reconstruction after appropriate training. This deep learning-based approach provides an entirely new framework to conduct holographic imaging by rapidly eliminating twin-image and self-interference-related spatial artifacts. This neural network-based method is fast to compute and reconstructs phase and amplitude images of the objects using only one hologram, requiring fewer measurements in addition to being computationally faster. We validated this method by reconstructing the phase and amplitude images of various samples, including blood and Pap smears and tissue sections. These results highlight that challenging problems in imaging science can be overcome through machine learning, providing new avenues to design powerful computational imaging systems.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors protect against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by activating autophagy in proximal tubular cells
Authors: Liu Jing , Livingston Man J. , Dong Guie , Tang Chengyuan , Su Yunchao , Wu Guangyu , Yin Xiao-Ming , Dong Zheng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHistone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have therapeutic effects in models of various renal diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that two widely tested HDACi (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and trichostatin A (TSA)) protect the kidneys in cisplatin-induced AKI by enhancing autophagy. In cultured renal proximal tubular cells, SAHA and TSA enhanced autophagy during cisplatin treatment. We further verified the protective effect of TSA against cisplatin-induced apoptosis in these cells. Notably, inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine or by autophagy gene 7 (Atg7) ablation diminished the protective effect of TSA. In mice, TSA increased autophagy in renal proximal tubules and protected against cisplatin-induced AKI. The in vivo effect of TSA was also abolished by chloroquine and by Atg7 knockout specifically from renal proximal tubules. Mechanistically, TSA stimulated AMPK and inactivated mTOR during cisplatin treatment of proximal tubule cells and kidneys in mice. Together, these results suggest that HDACi may protect kidneys by activating autophagy in proximal tubular cells.
Introgression of a functional epigenetic OsSPL14WFP allele into elite indica rice genomes greatly improved panicle traits and grain yield
Authors: Kim Sung-Ryul , Ramos Joie M. , Hizon Rona Joy M. , Ashikari Motoyuki , Virk Parminder S. , Torres Edgar A. , Nissila Eero , Jena Kshirod K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRice yield potential has been stagnant since the Green Revolution in the late 1960s, especially in tropical rice cultivars. We evaluated the effect of two major genes that regulate grain number, Gn1a/OsCKX2 and IPA1/WFP/OsSPL14, in elite indica cultivar backgrounds. The yield-positive Gn1a-type 3 and OsSPL14WFP alleles were introgressed respectively through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The grain numbers per panicle (GNPP) were compared between the recipient allele and the donor allele groups using segregating plants in BC3F2 and BC3F3 generations. There was no significant difference in GNPP between the two Gn1a alleles, suggesting that the Gn1a-type 3 allele was not effective in indica cultivars. However, the OsSPL14WFP allele dramatically increased GNPP by 10.6–59.3% in all four different backgrounds across cropping seasons and generations, indicating that this allele provides strong genetic gain to elite indica cultivars. Eventually, five high-yielding breeding lines were bred using the OsSPL14WFP allele by MAS with a conventional breeding approach that showed increased grain yield by 28.4–83.5% (7.87–12.89 t/ha) vis-à-vis the recipient cultivars and exhibited higher yield (~64.7%) than the top-yielding check cultivar, IRRI 156 (7.82 t/ha). We demonstrated a strong possibility to increase the genetic yield potential of indica rice varieties through allele mining and its application.
Large XPF-dependent deletions following misrepair of a DNA double strand break are prevented by the RNA:DNA helicase Senataxin
Authors: Brustel Julien , Kozik Zuzanna , Gromak Natalia , Savic Velibor , Sweet Steve M. M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDeletions and chromosome re-arrangements are common features of cancer cells. We have established a new two-component system reporting on epigenetic silencing or deletion of an actively transcribed gene adjacent to a double-strand break (DSB). Unexpectedly, we find that a targeted DSB results in a minority (<10%) misrepair event of kilobase deletions encompassing the DSB site and transcribed gene. Deletions are reduced upon RNaseH1 over-expression and increased after knockdown of the DNA:RNA helicase Senataxin, implicating a role for DNA:RNA hybrids. We further demonstrate that the majority of these large deletions are dependent on the 3′ flap endonuclease XPF. DNA:RNA hybrids were detected by DNA:RNA immunoprecipitation in our system after DSB generation. These hybrids were reduced by RNaseH1 over-expression and increased by Senataxin knock-down, consistent with a role in deletions. Overall, these data are consistent with DNA:RNA hybrid generation at the site of a DSB, mis-processing of which results in genome instability in the form of large deletions.
A complex pattern with hexagonal lattice and white-eye stripe in dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Wei Lingyan , Dong Lifang , Fan Weili , Liu Fucheng , Feng Jianyu , Pan Yuyang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA novel type of white-eye pattern in a dielectric barrier discharge system has been investigated in this paper. It is a superposition of a hexagonal lattice and a white-eye stripe in appearance and evolves from a white-eye square grid state with the applied voltage increasing. Its spatio-temporal dynamics obtained by an intensified charge-coupled device shows that it consists of three transient rectangular sublattices. The spatiotemporally resolved evolutions of the molecular vibrational temperature and electron density of the pattern are measured by optical emission spectra. The evolution of surface charge distribution is given and its effect on the self-organized pattern formation is discussed.
Bufalin suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis by targeting β-catenin/TCF signaling via cell cycle-related kinase
Authors: Yu Zhuo , Feng Hai , Sun Xuehua , Zhuo Yunhui , Li Man , Zhou Zhenhua , Huang Lingying , Jiang Yun , Zhu Xiaojun , Zhang Xin , Le Fan , Zheng Chao , Cheng Alfred Szelok , Gao Yueqiu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors, of which treatment options are limited especially in advanced stage. Bufalin, the major digoxin-like component of the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu, exhibits significant antitumor activities in hepatoma cells, but the potential mechanism is obscure. Cell cycle-related kinase (CCRK) is recently identified to be a crucial oncogenic master regulator to drive hepatocarcinogenesis. Here we investigated the molecular function of bufalin on CCRK-regulated signaling pathway, and expounded the underlying mechanism in HCC suppression. In vitro with PLC5 HCC cells and human immortal LO2 cells, proliferation, malignant transformation and cell cycle progression assays were performed to evaluate the antitumor effect of bufalin. In vivo with xenograft and orthotopic mice models, tumor growths with weight and volume change were assessed with or without bufalin treatment. Western blot, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were conducted to examine the expression level of CCRK and β-catenin/TCF signaling cascade. We revealed that bufalin suppresses PLC5 HCC cell proliferation, transformation and cell cycle progression rather than LO2 cells, which is correlated with CCRK-mediated β-catenin/TCF signaling. It was also confirmed in mice model. Thus, bufalin is a potential anti-HCC therapeutic candidate through the inhibition of CCRK-driven β-catenin/TCF oncogenic signaling pathway.
Cellulose Nanocrystal Templated Graphene Nanoscrolls for High Performance Supercapacitors and Hydrogen Storage: An Experimental and Molecular Simulation Study
Authors: Dhar Prodyut , Gaur Surendra Singh , Kumar Amit , Katiyar Vimal 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGraphene nanoscrolls (GNS), due to their remarkably interesting properties, have attracted significant interest with applications in various engineering sectors. However, uncontrolled morphologies, poor yield and low quality GNS produced through traditional routes are major challenges associated. We demonstrate sustainable approach of utilizing bio-derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as template for fabrication of GNS with tunable morphological dimensions ranging from micron-to-nanoscale(controlled length < 1 μm or >1 μm), alongwith encapsulation of catalytically active metallic-species in scroll interlayers. The surface-modified magnetic CNCs acts as structural-directing agents which provides enough momentum to initiate self-scrolling phenomenon of graphene through van der Waals forces and π-π interactions, mechanism of which is demonstrated through experimental and molecular simulation studies. The proposed approach of GNS fabrication provides flexibility to tune physico-chemical properties of GNS by simply varying interlayer spacing, scrolling density and fraction of encapsulated metallic nanoparticles. The hybrid GNS with confined palladium or platinum nanoparticles (at lower loading ~1 wt.%) shows enhanced hydrogen storage capacity (~0.2 wt.% at~20 bar and ~273 K) and excellent supercapacitance behavior (~223–357 F/g) for prolonged cycles (retention ~93.5–96.4% at ~10000 cycles). The current strategy of utilizing bio-based templates can be further extended to incorporate complex architectures or nanomaterials in GNS core or inter-layers, which will potentially broaden its applications in fabrication of high-performance devices.
Ultra-intense laser interaction with nanostructured near-critical plasmas
Authors: Fedeli Luca , Formenti Arianna , Cialfi Lorenzo , Pazzaglia Andrea , Passoni Matteo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNear-critical plasmas irradiated at ultra-high laser intensities (I > 1018W/cm2) allow to improve the performances of laser-driven particle and radiation sources and to explore scenarios of great astrophysical interest. Near-critical plasmas with controlled properties can be obtained with nanostructured low-density materials. By means of 3D Particle-In-Cell simulations, we investigate how realistic nanostructures influence the interaction of an ultra-intense laser with a plasma having a near-critical average electron density. We find that the presence of a nanostructure strongly reduces the effect of pulse polarization and enhances the energy absorbed by the ion population, while generally leading to a significant decrease of the electron temperature with respect to a homogeneous near-critical plasma. We also observe an effect of the nanostructure morphology. These results are relevant both for a fundamental understanding and for the foreseen applications of laser-plasma interaction in the near-critical regime.
A Child with Unilateral Visual Impairment Caused by Neuroborreliosis
Authors: Coenders Alies , Portier Ruben P. , Geeraedts Felix , der Gaag Ellen J. van 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis case report describes a 7-year-old male patient with painless unilateral visual impairment due to optic neuropathy confirmed by visual evoked potentials (VEP), which was found to be attributed to neuroborreliosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by applying both European (European Federation of Neurological Societies [EFNS]) and American (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]) criteria. Following intravenous treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, his vision gradually improved. This case report adds to the scarce evidence for an association between optic neuropathies and neuroborreliosis. It illustrates that, although uncommon, the clinician should be aware of the possibility of Lyme disease in patients with unilateral visual impairment due to optic neuropathy. Recognition is especially important because visual acuity can return to normal after adequate treatment. We reviewed the differences in criteria by the European EFNS guidelines and the American CDC criteria for making the diagnosis.
The Pituitary-Thyroid Axis and Prolactin Secretion in Hemodialysis Patients in Two Endemic Regions of Eastern Germany
Authors: Rasche Franz , Rettig Ronny , Frese Thomas , Rasche Wilma , Barinka Filip , Roesl Guenter , Keller Frieder , Lindner Tom , Schneider Jochen , Beige Joachim , Ebert Thomas , Schiekofer Stephan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Introduction Endocrine disorders of the pituitary axes are frequent in patients with hemodialysis (CKD5D). The aim of this multicenter study (Leipzig (L), Quedlinburg and Blankenburg in the Harz region (Hz)) in CKD5D patients was to evaluate influences of CKD5D related factors, morphological and biochemical parameters, and serum iodine and prolactin concentrations on the pituitary-thyroid axis.
Patients and Methods 170 patients (L n=58; Hz n=112) were included in this prospective, non-interventional, cross-sectional study. Mann-Whitney-U-test and bivariate correlation analyses with Spearman-Rho test (r correlation coefficient) were used in statistical analysis.
Results TSH was higher in patients with prolactin concentrations>370 mIU/l (p=0.013), in patients with high flux membranes (p=0.0013) and in patients with longer dialysis vintage (p=0.04). Median iodine serum concentrations were slightly elevated in the Leipzig cohort (p=0.001) and correlated with fT4 (p<0.001, r=0.43) and albumin (p=0.001, r=0.245) but not with morphological signs. Albumin was correlated with fT3 (p<0.001, r=0.339) and fT4 (p<0.001, r=0.421). Prolactin was correlated with residual excretion rate (p=0.001, r=- 0.303) and thyroid volume (p=0.027, r=0.217).
Conclusions In the assessment of the thyroid status in CKD5D patients, the synopsis of the clinical and nutritional status, comorbidities, ultrasound of the thyroid gland and laboratory results is necessary for further intervention with hormone replacement. Standardized reference values of the pituitary-thyroid axis should be critically evaluated and are still lacking in CKD5D.
Transparenz um jeden Preis: Phänomen Auge
Authors: Ghasemi Nikmanesh Forusan 
Published: February 2018

SummaryDas Auge entsteht im Rahmen der Embryonalentwicklung als vorgeschobener Teil des Gehirns aus dem Ekto- und Mesoderm. Sklera, Gefäß- und Netzhaut sowie feinjustierte Druck- und Perfusionsverhältnisse sorgen für eine äußerst stabile Struktur und Funktion – und sind doch angreifbar. Nah- und Fernbeziehungen zu anderen Strukturen erklären, warum bei vielen neurologischen, intestinalen und immunologischen Erkrankungen das Auge mitbeteiligt ist.
Das Glaukom
Authors: Schmid Eva C. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryDas Glaukom ist eine der häufigsten Erblindungsursachen in Deutschland. Es geht mit einer spezifischen Schädigung des Sehnervs einher, die verschiedene Ursachen haben kann. Häufig, aber nicht immer, besteht erhöhter Augeninnendruck. Man unterscheidet zwischen primären, sekundären, Offenwinkel- und Engwinkelglaukomen. Der akute Glaukomanfall stellt einen Notfall dar.
Myotone Dystrophien, nicht dystrophe Myotonien und periodische Paralysen
Authors: Schneider-Gold Christiane , Schoser Benedikt , Ellrichmann Gisa , Quasthoff Stefan , Lehmann-Horn Frank , Sinnreich Michael 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der Behandlung der myotonen Dystrophien, nicht dystrophen Myotonien und periodischen Paralysen haben sich in den letzten Jahren einige neue Aspekte ergeben, die in der aktualisierten Leitlinie zu myotonen Dystrophien, nicht dystrophen Myotonien und periodischen Paralysen zusammenfassend dargestellt sind.Nach wie vor besteht eine europaweit nur sehr eingeschränkte Verfügbarkeit von Mexiletin, welches in Deutschland nur noch über die Auslandsapotheke aus z. B. Japan, den USA oder Kanada in einer Dosierung von 100 mg oder 200 mg bezogen werden kann, wenngleich die Wirksamkeit von Mexiletin bei myotoner Dystrophie Typ 1 in einer amerikanischen Studie erneut bestätigt wurde (Logigian et al., 2010).In einer rezenten Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Carboanhydrasehemmer Dichlorphenamid sowohl bei hypokaliämischer als auch bei hyperkaliämischer periodischer Paralyse die Attackenfrequenz senkt, allerdings war der Unterschied bei der hyperkaliämischen Lähmung nicht signifikant (Sansone et al., 2016). Bei dieser Studie handelt es sich um die Kombination zweier randomisierter Untersuchungen über 9 Wochen, kombiniert mit einer einjährigen Extensionsphase, bei der alle Teilnehmer Dichlorphenamid erhielten. Die Studie wurde gegen Placebo durchgeführt; der ursprünglich geplante Vergleich mit Acetazolamid wurde abgebrochen, weil die an der Studie teilnehmenden Patienten Dichlorphenamid aufgrund subjektiv besserer Wirksamkeit vorzogen und deshalb keine Gruppe für einen Vergleich Dichlorphenamid/Acetazolamid gebildet werden konnte. Die Hauptnebenwirkungen waren Parästhesien, Nierensteinbildung und eine Verlangsamung des Denkens. Die Studie erlaubte keine Rückschlüsse auf die Beziehung zwischen Wirksamkeit und Genotyp; die häufigste Mutation war T704 M (Nav1.4) bei der hyperkaliämischen Lähmung und R528H (Cav1.1) und R1239H (Cav1.1) bei der hypokaliämischen Lähmung. Ein Patient in der hypokaliämischen Gruppe mit der Mutation pR222 W (Nav1.4) verschlechterte sich. Dichlorphenamid ist inzwischen als Keveyis in den USA im Handel. In der Europäischen Union ist Dichlorphenamid (noch) nicht zugelassen; es hat aber den Status einer „orphan drug“ und ist somit verordnungsfähig.In einer doppelblinden randomisierten placebokontrollierten Studie mit 22 Patienten mit nicht dystrophen Myotonien konnte gezeigt werden, dass Lamotrigin in einer Dosierung von 300 mg/d die myotone Symptomatik signifikant gegenüber dem Ausgangsbefund verbesserte (Anderson G et al., 2017).Eine offene Behandlungsstudie mit Ranolazin, einem Piperazinderivat, in einer Dosierung von 2 × 500 mg bei 13 Patienten mit Chloridkanalmyotonie ergab eine signifikant reduzierte EMG-Myotonie, eine nach Patientenangaben signifikant reduzierte Muskelsteifigkeit und geringer auch reduzierte Muskelschwäche und eine reduzierte Myotonie in den klinischen Tests (Arnold WD et al., 2017).
The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Akbari Maryam , Ostadmohammadi Vahidreza , Lankarani Kamran , Tabrizi Reza , Kolahdooz Fariba , Heydari Seyed , Kavari Seyed , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Mafi Alireza , Dastorani Majid , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe current systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effect of vitamin D supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science database were searched to identify related randomized-controlled articles (RCTs) published up to November 2017. Two researchers assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias of included RCTs, independently. To check heterogeneity Q-test and I2 statistics were used. Data were pooled by using the random-effect model and standardized mean difference (SMD) was considered as summary effect size. Seven RCTs were included into our meta-analysis. The findings showed that vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS significantly decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (SMD −1.03; 95% CI, −1.58, −0.49; p <0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD −1.64, 95% CI −2.26 to −1.02, p <0.001), and significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (SMD 0.86, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.64, p=0.03). Vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on nitric oxide (NO) (SMD 0.11, 95% CI −0.44 to 0.66, p=0.69) and total glutathione (GSH) levels (SMD 0.54, 95% CI −0.20 to 1.28, p=0.15). Overall, the current meta-analysis demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation to women with PCOS resulted in an improvement in hs-CRP, MDA and TAC, but did not affect NO and GSH levels.
Long-term potentiation expands information content of hippocampal dentate gyrus synapses
Authors: Bromer Cailey , Bartol Thomas M. , Bowden Jared B. , Hubbard Dusten D. , Hanka Dakota C. , Gonzalez Paola V. , Kuwajima Masaaki , Mendenhall John M. , Parker Patrick H. , Abraham Wickliffe C. , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Harris Kristen M. 
Published: February 2018

SignificanceUnderstanding plasticity processes in the hippocampus is critical to our understanding of the biological underpinnings of memory. By applying information theory to quantify information content at synapses, we demonstrate that induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) increases the storage capacity of synapses in hippocampal dentate gyrus. Nevertheless, even after LTP, the information storage capacity of dentate synapses was much lower than in a different part of the hippocampus, area CA1. This work lays a foundation for future studies elucidating the time course for increased information storage content as well as the basis for interregion variability in information storage capacity.