bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SGLT2 inhibitors reduce epicardial adipose tissue more than GLP‐1 agonists or exercise interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Bao Yu , Hu Yucai , Shi Menglong , Zhao Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundEpicardial adipose tissue (EAT) plays a significant role in several cardiovascular diseases. As a correctable risk factor and potential therapeutic target, reducing EAT has multiple cardiovascular benefits, especially in those with abnormal glucolipid metabolism. The objective of this research was to compare the effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists, and exercise on the thickness of EAT and indicators of glucolipid metabolism in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and T2DM with obesity.MethodsWe searched four electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for articles before 31 January 2024, regardless of language. We included randomized controlled trials and a small number of case–control studies in this network meta‐analysis. Differences in mean changes in EAT, body mass index, and glucolipid metabolism‐related metrics were assessed.ResultsA comprehensive analysis was conducted on 16 trials (15 randomized controlled trials and one case–control study), comprising a total of 867 people. SGLT2 inhibitors were significantly better at reducing EAT than placebo (standard mean different [SMD] = −0.85 cm [95% confidence interval (CI) −1.39, −0.31]); a similar result was observed for exercise compared with placebo (SMD = −0.78 cm [95% CI −1.37, −0.18]). SGLT2 inhibitors were also significantly better at reducing EAT than GLP‐1 agonists and conventional hypoglycaemic therapy (e.g., metformin or insulin; SMD = −0.74 cm [95% CI −1.45, −0.02] and SMD = −1.69 cm [95% CI −2.38, −0.99], respectively). SGLT2 inhibitors were significantly better than placebo at reducing body mass index (MD = −0.90 kg/m2 [95% CI −1.14, −0.66]) and glycosylated haemoglobin (MD = −0.52% [95%CI −0.86, −0.18]). A similar result was observed when comparing GLP‐1 agonists and placebo (MD = −0.48% [95% CI −0.93, −0.03]). Changes in total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were not statistically significant between interventions.ConclusionSGLT2 inhibitors have a distinct advantage over both placebo and other therapies at lowering EAT thickness, a result supported by direct comparisons and surface under the cumulative ranking curve analysis. Therefore, SGLT2 inhibitors should be prioritized as a treatment to reduce EAT in individuals with aberrant glucolipid levels, such as patients with T2DM and/or obesity.
Comparative efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Gongquan , Fu Jia , Li Xiangjun , Wang Jiajia , Zhai Jiawei , Du Bing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsWe have compiled updated evidence on the benefits and drawbacks of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov (as of 20 May 2024). Effect estimates were calculated using network meta‐analysis under the frequentist framework. The P‐score established the ranking of competing treatments.ResultsThe authors incorporated 58 studies containing data from a substantial sample size of 21 332 patients. Based on evidence of high and moderate certainty, respectively, teneligliptin and vildagliptin were found to be superior to all other DPP‐4 inhibitors in lowering haemoglobin A1c (mean difference [MD] −0.81%, 95% CI −1.03, −0.60) and fasting blood glucose (MD −1.18 mmol/L, 95% CI −1.56, −0.81) compared to placebo. The absence of conclusive differences between interventions for serious adverse events was supported by evidence, which was interpreted with low to very low certainty.ConclusionsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, teneligliptin was most effective for HbA1c control, and vildagliptin for fasting blood glucose. No significant differences in serious adverse events were noted among DPP‐4 inhibitors compared to placebo. Given the therapeutic significance of these findings, more studies are needed to explore this issue more thoroughly.
ORPHEE: A Real‐World Study on rIX‐FP Prophylaxis Use in Adolescent/Adult Patients With Hemophilia B
Authors: Volot Fabienne , Castet Sabine , Fournel Alexandra , Frotscher Birgit , Gillet Benjamin , Desprez Dominique , Tardy Brigitte , Rauch Antoine , Chamouni Pierre , Biron‐Andreani Christine , Valentin Jean‐Baptiste , Harroche Annie , Dargaud Yesim , Petesch Brigitte Pan , d'Oiron Roseline , Berger Claire , Reynes Claire , Lauvray Thomas , de Raucourt Emmanuelle , Hassoun Abel , Lebreton Aurélien , Cussac Vincent , Catovic Hasan , Martin Cédric , Guillet Benoit 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the real‐world efficacy and safety of recombinant factor IX albumin fusion protein (rIX‐FP) in patients with hemophilia B (HB) in France.MethodsData on dosing frequency, weekly consumption, and bleeds before‐and‐after switching to rIX‐FP, were collected from December 2021 to February 2024. Annualized (spontaneous) bleeding rates [A(s)BRs] were calculated only in patients on prophylaxis with a follow‐up ≥ 6 months.ResultsThis interim analysis focused on 77 patients ≥ 12 years; 62 (81%) had severe HB. After switching to rIX‐FP, the infusion interval was 14 (7–14) days. Weekly consumption was 43 (35.5–53) IU/kg. ABRs and AsBRs were 0.5 (0–1.9) and 0 (0–0.7) (n = 63) at 18.2 (12.3–21.9) months of follow‐up. Prophylactic efficacy of rIX‐FP was considered ‘Excellent’/‘Good’ in 65/68 (95%) patients. Among the 43 patients previously treated with rFIXFc, 21 increased the infusion interval from 7 (7–11) days with rFIXFc to 14 (7–14) days with rIX‐FP; 33/43 (77%) reduced weekly factor IX (FIX) consumption from 59.95 (46.35–77.93) to 42.5 (35.88–50.25) IU/kg. Patients maintained good protection against bleeds.ConclusionThis analysis confirmed that switching to rIX‐FP allows for reducing injection frequency and FIX consumption while maintaining good bleed protection.
Croplands proximity is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis incidence and age at onset
Authors: Manera Umberto , Callegaro Stefano , Canosa Antonio , Palumbo Francesca , Grassano Maurizio , Bombaci Alessandro , Dagliati Arianna , Bosoni Pietro , Daviddi Margherita , Casale Federico , Cabras Sara , Matteoni Enrico , De Marchi Fabiola , Mazzini Letizia , Moglia Cristina , Vasta Rosario , Calvo Andrea , Chiò Adriano 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from an intricate interplay between genetics and environmental factors. Many studies have explored living in rural areas as a possible risk factor for ALS, without focusing simultaneously on incidence, age at onset and phenotypic features.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of croplands residential proximity on ALS incidence and phenotype, focusing on age of onset, site of onset and progression rate.MethodsThe address history of ALS patients belonging to the population‐based Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta registry (PARALS), diagnosed between 2007 and 2014, was obtained for the 20 years prior to the onset date. The smoothed ALS incidence per year (im) was compared with the percentage of area covered by each crop for each municipality. A proximity score was calculated for each cropland by geolocation, measuring the percentage of area surrounding patients’ residence for variable radii, and was used to compare croplands exposure and phenotype.ResultsWe observed an increased ALS incidence in the municipalities with a higher percentage of area covered by arable crops (R = 0.191, p < 0.001). Age at onset was significantly lower in those patients who lived near arable crops, with a median anticipation ranging from 1.8 to 3.4 years; using historical data, a significant anticipation was found also for patients living near vineyards.DiscussionOur study proved a direct association between arable crops and ALS risk and an inverse association between arable crops and vineyards proximity and age at onset, suggesting the possible causative role of specific environmental contaminants.
Dynamics of magnetic cortico‐cortical responses evoked by single‐pulse electrical stimulation
Authors: Feys Odile , Schuind Sophie , Sculier Claudine , Rikir Estelle , Legros Benjamin , Gaspard Nicolas , Wens Vincent , De Tiège Xavier 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveIntracranial single‐pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) can elicit cortico‐cortical evoked potentials. Their investigation with intracranial EEG is biased by the limited number and selected location of electrodes, which could be circumvented by simultaneous non‐invasive whole‐scalp recording. This study aimed at investigating the ability of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to characterize cortico‐cortical evoked fields (CCEFs) and effective connectivity between the epileptogenic zone (EZ) and non‐epileptogenic zone (i.e., non‐involved [NIZ]).MethodsA total of 301 SPES trains (at 0.9 Hz during 120 s) were performed in 10 patients with refractory focal epilepsy. MEG signals were denoised, epoched, averaged, and decomposed using independent component analysis. Significant response deflections and significant source generators were detected. Peak latency/amplitude were compared between each different cortical/subcortical structure of the NIZ containing more than five SPES, and then between the EZ and corresponding brain structures in the NIZ.ResultsMEG detected and localized polymorphic/polyphasic CCEFs, including one to eight significant consecutive deflections. The latency and amplitude of CCEFs within the NIZ differed significantly depending on the stimulated brain structure. Compared with the corresponding NIZ, SPES within the extratemporal EZ demonstrated delayed CCEF latency, whereas SPES within the temporal EZ showed decreased CCEF amplitude. SPES within the EZ elicited a significantly higher rate of CCEFs within the stimulated lobe compared with those within the NIZ.SignificanceThis study reveals polymorphic CCEFs with complex spatiotemporal dynamics both within the NIZ and EZ. It highlights significant differences in effective connectivity of the epileptogenic network. These cortico‐cortical evoked responses could thus contribute to increasing the yield of intracranial recordings.
Simulating Genetic Mixing in Strongly Structured Populations of the Threatened Southern Brown Bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus)
Authors: Black John G. , Cooper Steven J. B. , Schmidt Thomas L. , Weeks Andrew R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGenetic mixing aims to increase the genetic diversity of small or isolated populations, by mitigating genetic drift and inbreeding depression, either by maximally increasing genetic diversity, or minimising the prevalence of recessive, deleterious alleles. However, few studies investigate this beyond a single generation of mixing. Here, we model genetic mixing using captive, low‐diversity recipient population of the threatened Southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) over 50 generations and compare wild populations across south‐eastern Australia as candidate source populations. We first assess genetic differentiation between 12 populations, including the first genomic assessment of three mainland Australian and three Tasmanian populations. We assess genetic diversity in the 12 populations using an individualised autosomal heterozygosity pipeline, using these results to identify a candidate recipient population for genetic mixing simulations. We found that populations fell into four major groups of genetic similarity: Adelaide Hills, western Victoria, eastern Victoria, and Tasmania, but populations within these groups were also distinct, and additional substructure was observed in some populations. Our autosomal heterozygosity pipeline indicated significant variability in mean heterozygosity between populations, identifying one extremely genetically degraded population on Inner Sister Island, Tasmania. Genetic mixing simulations of a low heterozygosity captive population in Victoria suggested the greatest increase in heterozygosity would be reached by using highly differentiated populations as mixing sources. However, when removing populations that may represent taxonomically discrete lineages, neither metrics of differentiation nor heterozygosity was strongly correlated with modelled heterozygosity increase, indicating the value of simulation‐based approaches when selecting source populations for population mixing.
Emerging Ideas – Intergenerational congruence with parents and language brokering: Implications on adolescent self‐esteem
Authors: Weisskirch Robert S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe present study explores how immigrant adolescents differ in their experiences of language brokering and how acculturation gaps may relate to adolescents' self‐esteem.BackgroundAdolescents often translate on behalf of immigrant parents and other family members, a process known as language brokering (LB). Because language brokering requires adolescents to be in extended close contact with parents, their subjective experiences of language brokering may relate to their individual well‐being through their acculturation congruence with their parents.MethodThree hundred four bilingual participants aged 13 to 17 years completed an online questionnaire about demographics, translating activities, acculturation congruence, and self‐esteem. From affirmative responses to the translation item, a subsample of 188 language brokers was created for analyses of indirect effects.ResultsThere were no significant differences between language brokers and non–language brokers on acculturation congruence. Among the language brokers, acculturation congruence had indirect effects on LB efficacy, burden, positive, and negative attitudes to self‐esteem.ConclusionThere is no evidence of an acculturation gap for language brokers and non–language brokers. Acculturation congruence has indirect effects on the subjective experiences of LB on self‐esteem.ImplicationsParent‐adolescent relationship quality may be key in regulating the relation of LB to individual well‐being.
Crack Propagation Behavior of Single‐Crystal Titanium Under Cyclic Loading: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Chang Le , Zheng Dalin , Xie Hongpeng , Liu Xinran , Zhao Jinling , Zhou Changyu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the crack propagation behavior of single‐crystal titanium with various crystal orientations under cyclic loading. The analysis demonstrates that each crack model displays temporary cyclic hardening and predominant cyclic softening characteristics. The orientation of crack propagation primarily impacts the characteristics of the softening stage, with less influence on the initial hardening stage. A notable orientation correlation is evident in the mechanism of crack propagation, characterized by the presence of various slip modes and deformation twinning (DT) systems. The crack tip deformation behavior obtained from the simulation aligns with the theoretical predictions of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The crack growth rate (CGR) and ΔJ for different crack models show good correlation, and both the crack propagation direction and crack plane orientation affect the characteristics of the ΔJ–da/dN curves.
Long‐Term Declines in Body Size of the Invasive Rusty Crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) in Temperate Lakes
Authors: Sawyer Elle K. , Kreps Timothy A. , Lodge David M. , Larson Eric R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Invasive species often experience phenotypic change during the invasion process. For example, many invasive species are larger in their non‐native than native ranges, but some invasive species experience body size declines with time since invasion. Mechanisms of these phenotypic changes are poorly known, likely due to a paucity of long‐term datasets and complex interactions among abiotic and biotic factors that affect body size over time.

We use a long‐term dataset (1980–2020) in 17 lakes of Wisconsin, United States to investigate trends in body size for an invasive species, the rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus). We relate F. rusticus body size to crayfish relative abundance as catch‐per‐unit effort (CPUE) from baited trapping, as well as modelled lake temperatures and pelagic primary productivity, using a structural equation model (SEM). Our use of an SEM allowed us to investigate the direct effect of time on F. rusticus on body size, as well as indirect effects through factors like warming of lakes due to climate change.

We found that F. rusticus body size has declined by 10% over the past four decades in our study lakes, from a mean of 36.6 mm total carapace length in 1980 to 32.8 mm in 2020. Faxonius rusticus individuals were larger when lakes were warmer, but the overall effect of time on declining F. rusticus body size was stronger than this predictor. Relative abundance as CPUE had no effect on F. rusticus body size, rejecting a role for density dependence in explaining adult body size of this invasive crayfish.

Declining F. rusticus body sizes have accompanied population declines of this invasive crayfish in some Wisconsin lakes, and both trends provide potential for post‐invasion ecosystem recovery. As one example, smaller F. rusticus individuals may be less effective or active predators on fish nests. By contrast, declining F. rusticus body size may also create opportunities for serial or over‐invasion by future crayfish invaders, sustaining a need to discourage crayfish introductions to this region.
Living in Their Heyday: Iron‐Oxidizing Bacteria Bloomed in Shallow‐Marine, Subtidal Environments at ca. 1.88 Ga
Authors: Kovalick Alex , Heard Andy W. , Johnson Aleisha C. , Chan Clara S. , Ootes Luke , Nielsen Sune G. , Dauphas Nicolas , Weber Bodo , Bekker Andrey 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe majority of large iron formations (IFs) were deposited leading up to Earth's great oxidation episode (GOE). Following the GOE, IF deposition decreased for almost 500 Myr. Subsequently, around 1.88 Ga, there was widespread deposition of shallow‐water granular iron formations (GIF) within a geologically short time interval, which has been linked to enhanced iron (Fe) supply to seawater from submarine hydrothermal venting associated with the emplacement of large igneous provinces. Previous studies of Fe‐rich, microfossil‐bearing stromatolites from the ca. 1.88 Ga Gunflint Formation on the Superior craton suggested direct microbial oxidation of seawater Fe2+(aq) by microaerophilic, Fe‐oxidizing bacteria (FeOB), as a driver of GIF deposition. Although Fe‐rich, microfossil‐bearing stromatolites are common in 1.88 Ga GIF deposits on several cratons, combined paleontological and geochemical studies have been applied only to the Gunflint Formation. Here, we present new paleontological and geochemical observations for the ca. 1.89 Ga Gibraltar Formation GIFs from the East Arm of the Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada. Fossil morphology, Rare Earth element (REE) concentrations, and Fe isotopic compositions support Fe oxidation by FeOB at a redoxcline poised above the fair‐weather wave base. Small positive Eu anomalies and positive εNd (1.89 Ga) values suggest upwelling of deep, Fe‐rich, hydrothermally influenced seawater. While high [Fe2+(aq)] combined with low atmospheric pO2 in the late Paleoproterozoic would have provided optimal conditions in shallow oceans for FeOB to precipitate Fe oxyhydroxide, these redox conditions were likely toxic to cyanobacteria. As long as local O2 production by cyanobacteria was strongly diminished, FeOB would have had to rely on an atmospheric O2 supply by diffusion to shallow seawater to oxidize Fe2+(aq). Using a 1‐D reaction dispersion model, we calculate [O2(aq)] sufficient to deplete an upwelling Fe2+(aq) source. Our results for GIF deposition are consistent with late Paleoproterozoic pO2 estimates of ~1%–10% PAL and constraints for metabolic [O2(aq)] requirements for modern FeOB. Widespread GIF deposition at ca. 1.88 Ga appears to mark a temporally restricted episode of optimal biogeochemical conditions in Earth's history when increased hydrothermal Fe2+(aq) sourced from the deep oceans, in combination with low mid‐Paleoproterozoic atmospheric pO2, globally satisfied FeOB metabolic Fe2+(aq) and O2(aq) requirements in shallow‐marine subtidal environments above the fair‐weather wave base.
Venue‐Making
Authors: Breunig Christian , Klüser K. Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVenue‐making describes the process of turning political issues into political institutions. Both public policy and institutionalist scholars have addressed the puzzle of when and how new political institutions arise. We draw on both perspectives, arguing that the interaction between interest groups and government ultimately determines whether an issue remains within the existing institutional setting or if a new venue is made. A repeated stag hunt game illuminates the challenges of this interaction: interest groups and government need to coordinate the move from an old to a new venue by amplifying the issue and creating new institutional structures simultaneously. Because the switch from subsystem politics to venue‐making is rewarding but also risky, several mechanisms, including signaling, sustained interaction, and inspection, encourage cooperation. Our research design provides an analysis of three case studies in a fixed institutional context of unified Germany. A first case process‐traces how political issues about digitalization emerged and became institutionalized. A second, off‐path case shows the short‐lived attempt to centralize administrative competences in the domain of energy policy underscores the crucial role of interest groups. The third case explains the ultimately futile attempt to create a new Ministry of Immigration.