bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beverage consumption patterns and energy contribution from beverages per meal type: results from a national dietary survey in Sweden
Authors: Scander Henrik , Monteagudo Celia , Nilsen Bente , Tellström Richard , Yngve Agneta 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveMany studies of food intake have been performed and published in Sweden, but to our knowledge no studies have extensively explored the beverage consumption of the Swedish adult population. The present study aimed to describe the beverage consumption and the contribution of beverage energy (including alcohol energy) to total energy intake according to gender, region of living, meal type and day for a Swedish adult population.DesignNational dietary survey Riksmaten (2010–2011), collected by the Swedish National Food Agency.SettingSweden.SubjectsA total of 1682 participants (57 % women) reported dietary intake data during four consecutive days, specified by portion size, meal, time point, day of the week and venue. Meals were categorized as breakfast, lunch, dinner and ‘other’.ResultThe beverage reported to be consumed the most was water (ml/d), followed by coffee. Men had a higher consumption of juice, soft drinks, beer, spirits and low-alcohol beer, while the consumption of tea and water was higher for women. For both genders, milk contributed the most to beverage energy intake. Energy percentage from beverages was higher at lunch and dinner during weekends for both genders. Participants from the biggest cities in Sweden had a higher consumption of wine for both genders and tea for men than participants from other regions.ConclusionsA considerable part of total energy intake was contributed by beverages, especially for men. Beverages can contribute to a more enjoyable diet, but at the same time provide energy, sugar and alcohol in amounts that do not promote optimal health.
What Business do Businesses Have with the Free Exercise of Religion?
Authors: Failer Judith Lynn 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSince Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (2014), federal and state religious freedom restoration acts now extend the right to free exercise of religion to businesses. But what does it mean for businesses to have such a right? In this paper, I identify three implications of these new rights: they shift the burden for fulfilling the right to private citizens, and they conflict with businesses’ both commercial and democratic obligations. To illustrate how they become problematic, I draw on the case of In re Wathen (2015) where the owners of a bed and breakfast cited their business's religion as their reason for refusing to host a wedding reception for a same-sex couple, even though state law specifically prohibited commercial businesses from discriminating based on sexual orientation.
Loving Kindness Meditation zur Behandlung der chronischen Depression
Authors: Schilling Viola N. L. S. , Lutz Wolfgang , Hofmann Stefan G. , Zimmermann Dirk , Wolter Kathinka , Stangier Ulrich 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Chronische Depressionen gehen mit einer langwierigen Belastung einher und verursachen hohe Krankheitskosten. Ein möglicher Ansatz zur Behandlung könnte die Loving Kindness Meditation (LKM) sein. Methode: In dieser Pilot-Studie wurde ein LKM-Gruppenprogramm eingesetzt und bezüglich der Effektivität untersucht. N = 2207 Fälle aus Wartelistendaten wurden stufenweise zu der LKM-Gruppe (n = 12) zugeordnet. Zwei Kontrollgruppen (n = 134 und n = 12) wurden gebildet, indem zunächst die Ein-und Ausschlusskriterien angewandt wurden und dann die verbliebene Stichprobe basierend auf der Kovariatenverteilung mittels Propensity Score Matching (PSM) angepasst wurde. Die Gruppen wurden anhand des OQ-30 verglichen. Ergebnisse: Im Prä-Post-Vergleich zeigten sich im OQ-30 signifikante Verbesserungen. Allerdings zeigte sich das so nicht in den symptomspezifischen Instrumenten (BDI-II und HAM-D). Im Vergleich zu der gesamten Wartelistenstichprobe (n = 134) ergaben sich signifikante Verbesserungen im OQ-30. Verglichen mit der PSM-Wartelistenkontrollgruppe zeigten sich marginal signifikante Unterschiede im OQ-30, signifikante Unterschiede konnten bezüglich der Depressionsitems des OQ-30 nachgewiesen werden. In der Interventionsgruppe ergaben sich mehr reliable Verbesserungen im OQ-30 als in den Wartelistenkontrollgruppen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Pilotstudie zeigte eine geringere Abbruchquote als Vorgängerpilotstudien und eine gute Prä-Post Effektstärke im OQ-30, sowie im Vergleich zu den beiden Wartelistekontrollgruppen. Allerdings zeigten sich keine konsistenten Prä-Post Effekte in den Depressionsskalen. Eine weitere umfangreichere Studie mit aktiver Kontrollgruppe wäre nötig, um das Programm hinsichtlich seiner Effektivität, bezüglich des Abbruchs sowie der Heterogenität der Effekte in den Depressionsskalen weiter untersuchen zu können.
Constraining Aging Processes of Black Carbon in the Community Atmosphere Model Using Environmental Chamber Measurements
Authors: Wang Yuan , Ma Po‐Lun , Peng Jianfei , Zhang Renyi , Jiang Jonathan H. , Easter Richard C. , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe direct radiative forcing of black carbon aerosol (BC) on the Earth system remains unsettled, largely due to the uncertainty with physical properties of BC throughout their lifecycle. Here we show that ambient chamber measurements of BC properties provide a novel constraint on the crude BC aging representation in climate models. Observational evidence for significant absorption enhancement of BC can be reproduced when the aging processes in the four‐mode version of the Modal Aerosol Module (MAM4) aerosol scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 are calibrated by the recent in situ chamber measurements. An observation‐based scaling method is developed in the aging timescale calculation to alleviate the influence of biases in the simulated model chemical composition. Model sensitivity simulations suggest that the different monolayer settings in the BC aging parameterization of MAM4 can cause as large as 26% and 24% differences in BC burden and radiative forcing, respectively. We also find that an increase in coating materials (e.g., sulfate and secondary organic aerosols) reduces BC lifetime by increasing the hygroscopicity of the mixture but enhances its absorption, resulting in a net increase in BC direct radiative forcing. Our results suggest that accurate simulations of BC aging processes as well as other aerosol species are equally important in reducing the uncertainty of BC forcing estimation.
β2-Adrenergic receptor modulates mitochondrial metabolism and disease progression in recurrent/metastatic HPV(+) HNSCC
Authors: Lucido Christopher T. , Callejas-Valera Juan L. , Colbert Paul L. , Vermeer Daniel W. , Miskimins W. Keith , Spanos William C. , Vermeer Paola D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe incidence of human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV[ + ] HNSCC) is rapidly increasing. Although clinical management of primary HPV( + ) HNSCC is relatively successful, disease progression, including recurrence and metastasis, is often fatal. Moreover, patients with progressive disease face limited treatment options and significant treatment-associated morbidity. These clinical data highlight the need to identify targetable mechanisms that drive disease progression in HPV( + ) HNSCC to prevent and/or treat progressive disease. Interestingly, β-adrenergic signaling has recently been associated with pro-tumor processes in several disease types. Here we show that an aggressive murine model of recurrent/metastatic HPV( + ) HNSCC upregulates β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) expression, concordant with significantly heightened mitochondrial metabolism, as compared with the parental model from which it spontaneously derived. β-Adrenergic blockade effectively inhibits in vitro proliferation and migratory capacity in this model, effects associated with an attenuation of hyperactive mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, propranolol, a clinically available nonselective β-blocker, significantly slows primary tumor growth, inhibits metastatic development, and shows additive benefit alongside standard-of-care modalities in vivo. Further, via CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we show that the hyperactive mitochondrial metabolic profile and aggressive in vivo phenotype of this recurrent/metastatic model are dependent on β2AR expression. These data implicate β2AR as a modulator of mitochondrial metabolism and disease progression in HPV( + ) HNSCC, and warrant further investigation into the use of β-blockers as low cost, relatively tolerable, complementary treatment options in the clinical management of this disease.
Genome-scale fitness profile of Caulobacter crescentus grown in natural freshwater
Authors: Hentchel Kristy L , Reyes Ruiz Leila M , Curtis Patrick D , Fiebig Aretha , Coleman Maureen L , Crosson Sean 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Bacterial genomes evolve in complex ecosystems and are best understood in this natural context, but replicating such conditions in the lab is challenging. We used transposon sequencing to define the fitness consequences of gene disruption in the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus grown in natural freshwater, compared with axenic growth in common laboratory media. Gene disruptions in amino-acid and nucleotide sugar biosynthesis pathways and in metabolic substrate transport machinery impaired fitness in both lake water and defined minimal medium relative to complex peptone broth. Fitness in lake water was enhanced by insertions in genes required for flagellum biosynthesis and reduced by insertions in genes involved in biosynthesis of the holdfast surface adhesin. We further uncovered numerous hypothetical and uncharacterized genes for which disruption impaired fitness in lake water, defined minimal medium, or both. At the genome scale, the fitness profile of mutants cultivated in lake water was more similar to that in complex peptone broth than in defined minimal medium. Microfiltration of lake water did not significantly affect the terminal cell density or the fitness profile of the transposon mutant pool, suggesting that Caulobacter does not strongly interact with other microbes in this ecosystem on the measured timescale. Fitness of select mutants with defects in cell surface biosynthesis and environmental sensing were significantly more variable across days in lake water than in defined medium, presumably owing to day-to-day heterogeneity in the lake environment. This study reveals genetic interactions between Caulobacter and a natural freshwater environment, and provides a new avenue to study gene function in complex ecosystems.
EVI1 overexpression reprograms hematopoiesis via upregulation of Spi1 transcription
Authors: Ayoub Edward , Wilson Michael P. , McGrath Kathleen E. , Li Allison J. , Frisch Benjamin J. , Palis James , Calvi Laura M. , Zhang Yi , Perkins Archibald S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInv(3q26) and t(3:3)(q21;q26) are specific to poor-prognosis myeloid malignancies, and result in marked overexpression of EVI1, a zinc-finger transcription factor and myeloid-specific oncoprotein. Despite extensive study, the mechanism by which EVI1 contributes to myeloid malignancy remains unclear. Here we describe a new mouse model that mimics the transcriptional effects of 3q26 rearrangement. We show that EVI1 overexpression causes global distortion of hematopoiesis, with suppression of erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis, and marked premalignant expansion of myelopoiesis that eventually results in leukemic transformation. We show that myeloid skewing is dependent on DNA binding by EVI1, which upregulates Spi1, encoding master myeloid regulator PU.1. We show that EVI1 binds to the −14 kb upstream regulatory element (−14kbURE) at Spi1; knockdown of Spi1 dampens the myeloid skewing. Furthermore, deletion of the −14kbURE at Spi1 abrogates the effects of EVI1 on hematopoietic stem cells. These findings support a novel mechanism of leukemogenesis through EVI1 overexpression.
Chemical and structural studies provide a mechanistic basis for recognition of the MYC G-quadruplex
Authors: Calabrese David R. , Chen Xiang , Leon Elena C. , Gaikwad Snehal M. , Phyo Zaw , Hewitt William M. , Alden Stephanie , Hilimire Thomas A. , He Fahu , Michalowski Aleksandra M. , Simmons John K. , Saunders Lindsey B. , Zhang Shuling , Connors Daniel , Walters Kylie J. , Mock Beverly A. , Schneekloth John S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractG-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical DNA structures that frequently occur in the promoter regions of oncogenes, such as MYC, and regulate gene expression. Although G4s are attractive therapeutic targets, ligands capable of discriminating between different G4 structures are rare. Here, we describe DC-34, a small molecule that potently downregulates MYC transcription in cancer cells by a G4-dependent mechanism. Inhibition by DC-34 is significantly greater for MYC than other G4-driven genes. We use chemical, biophysical, biological, and structural studies to demonstrate a molecular rationale for the recognition of the MYC G4. We solve the structure of the MYC G4 in complex with DC-34 by NMR spectroscopy and illustrate specific contacts responsible for affinity and selectivity. Modification of DC-34 reveals features required for G4 affinity, biological activity, and validates the derived NMR structure. This work advances the design of quadruplex-interacting small molecules to control gene expression in therapeutic areas such as cancer.
POH1 deubiquitinates pro-interleukin-1β and restricts inflammasome activity
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Yun , Wang Boshi , Xu Guiqin , Yang Zhaojuan , Tang Ming , Ma Aihui , Jing Tiantian , Xu Xiaoli , Zhang Xiaoren , Liu Yongzhong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInflammasome activation is essential for host defence against invading pathogens, but is also involved in various forms of inflammatory diseases. The processes that control inflammasome activity are thus important for averting excessive immune responses and tissue damage. Here we show that the deubiquitinase POH1 negatively regulates the immune response triggered by inflammasome activation. POH1 deficiency in macrophages enhances mature IL-1β production without significant alterations in inflammasome priming and ASC-caspase-1 activation. In WT macrophages, POH1 interacts with and deubiquitinates pro-IL-1β by decreasing the K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, as well as decreases the efficacy of pro-IL-1β cleavage. Furthermore, myeloid cell-specific deletion of POH1 aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation and alum-induced peritonitis inflammatory responses in vivo. Our study thereby reveals that POH1-mediated deubiquitination of pro-IL-1β is an important regulatory event that restrains inflammatory responses for the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
DUSP10 constrains innate IL-33-mediated cytokine production in ST2hi memory-type pathogenic Th2 cells
Authors: Yamamoto Takeshi , Endo Yusuke , Onodera Atsushi , Hirahara Kiyoshi , Asou Hikari K. , Nakajima Takahiro , Kanno Toshio , Ouchi Yasuo , Uematsu Satoshi , Nishimasu Hiroshi , Nureki Osamu , Tumes Damon J. , Shimojo Naoki , Nakayama Toshinori 
Published: October 2018

AbstractST2hi memory-type Th2 cells are identified as a pathogenic subpopulation in eosinophilic airway inflammation. These ST2hi pathogenic Th2 cells produce large amount of IL-5 upon T cell receptor stimulation, but not in response to IL-33 treatment. By contrast, IL-33 alone induces cytokine production in ST2+ group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Here we show that a MAPK phosphatase Dusp10 is a key negative regulator of IL-33-induced cytokine production in Th2 cells. In this regard, Dusp10 is expressed by ST2hi pathogenic Th2 cells but not by ILC2, and Dusp10 expression inhibits IL-33-induced cytokine production. Mechanistically, this inhibition is mediated by DUSP10-mediated dephosphorylation and inactivation of p38 MAPK, resulting in reduced GATA3 activity. The deletion of Dusp10 renders ST2hi Th2 cells capable of producing IL-5 by IL-33 stimulation. Our data thus suggest that DUSP10 restricts IL-33-induced cytokine production in ST2hi pathogenic Th2 cells by controlling p38-GATA3 activity.
Precisely measured protein lifetimes in the mouse brain reveal differences across tissues and subcellular fractions
Authors: Fornasiero Eugenio F. , Mandad Sunit , Wildhagen Hanna , Alevra Mihai , Rammner Burkhard , Keihani Sarva , Opazo Felipe , Urban Inga , Ischebeck Till , Sakib M. Sadman , Fard Maryam K. , Kirli Koray , Centeno Tonatiuh Pena , Vidal Ramon O. , Rahman Raza-Ur , Benito Eva , Fischer André , Dennerlein Sven , Rehling Peter , Feussner Ivo , Bonn Stefan , Simons Mikael , Urlaub Henning , Rizzoli Silvio O. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe turnover of brain proteins is critical for organism survival, and its perturbations are linked to pathology. Nevertheless, protein lifetimes have been difficult to obtain in vivo. They are readily measured in vitro by feeding cells with isotopically labeled amino acids, followed by mass spectrometry analyses. In vivo proteins are generated from at least two sources: labeled amino acids from the diet, and non-labeled amino acids from the degradation of pre-existing proteins. This renders measurements difficult. Here we solved this problem rigorously with a workflow that combines mouse in vivo isotopic labeling, mass spectrometry, and mathematical modeling. We also established several independent approaches to test and validate the results. This enabled us to measure the accurate lifetimes of ~3500 brain proteins. The high precision of our data provided a large set of biologically significant observations, including pathway-, organelle-, organ-, or cell-specific effects, along with a comprehensive catalog of extremely long-lived proteins (ELLPs).
Photonic thermal management of coloured objects
Authors: Li Wei , Shi Yu , Chen Zhen , Fan Shanhui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe colours of outdoor structures, such as automobiles, buildings and clothing, are typically chosen for functional or aesthetic reasons. With a chosen colour, however, one must control the radiative thermal load for heating or cooling purposes. Here we provide a comprehensive calculation of the tunable range of radiative thermal load for all colours. The range exceeds 680 Wm−2for all colours, and can be as high as 866 Wm−2, resulting from effects of metamerism, infrared solar absorption and radiative cooling. We experimentally demonstrate that two photonic structures with the same pink colour can have their temperatures differ by 47.6 °C under sunlight. These structures are over 20 °C either cooler or hotter than a commercial paint with a comparable colour. Furthermore, the hotter pink structure is 10 °C hotter than a commercial black paint. These results elucidate the fundamental potentials of photonic thermal management for coloured objects.
Cortical population activity within a preserved neural manifold underlies multiple motor behaviors
Authors: Gallego Juan A. , Perich Matthew G. , Naufel Stephanie N. , Ethier Christian , Solla Sara A. , Miller Lee E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPopulations of cortical neurons flexibly perform different functions; for the primary motor cortex (M1) this means a rich repertoire of motor behaviors. We investigate the flexibility of M1 movement control by analyzing neural population activity during a variety of skilled wrist and reach-to-grasp tasks. We compare across tasks the neural modes that capture dominant neural covariance patterns during each task. While each task requires different patterns of muscle and single unit activity, we find unexpected similarities at the neural population level: the structure and activity of the neural modes is largely preserved across tasks. Furthermore, we find two sets of neural modes with task-independent activity that capture, respectively, generic temporal features of the set of tasks and a task-independent mapping onto muscle activity. This system of flexibly combined, well-preserved neural modes may underlie the ability of M1 to learn and generate a wide-ranging behavioral repertoire.
Perceptual learning of fine contrast discrimination changes neuronal tuning and population coding in macaque V4
Authors: Sanayei Mehdi , Chen Xing , Chicharro Daniel , Distler Claudia , Panzeri Stefano , Thiele Alexander 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPerceptual learning, the improvement in perceptual abilities with training, is thought to be mediated by an alteration of neuronal tuning. It remains poorly understood how tuning properties change as training progresses, whether improved stimulus tuning directly links to increased behavioural readout of sensory information, or how population coding mechanisms change with training. Here, we recorded continuously from multiple neuronal clusters in area V4 while macaque monkeys learned a fine contrast categorization task. Training increased neuronal coding abilities by shifting the steepest point of contrast response functions towards the categorization boundary. Population coding accuracy of difficult discriminations resulted largely from an increased information coding of individual channels, particularly for those channels that in early learning had larger ability for easy discriminations, but comparatively small encoding abilities for difficult discriminations. Population coding was also enhanced by specific changes in correlations. Neuronal activity became more indicative of upcoming choices with training.
An engineered thermal-shift screen reveals specific lipid preferences of eukaryotic and prokaryotic membrane proteins
Authors: Nji Emmanuel , Chatzikyriakidou Yurie , Landreh Michael , Drew David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMembrane bilayers are made up of a myriad of different lipids that regulate the functional activity, stability, and oligomerization of many membrane proteins. Despite their importance, screening the structural and functional impact of lipid–protein interactions to identify specific lipid requirements remains a major challenge. Here, we use the FSEC-TS assay to show cardiolipin-dependent stabilization of the dimeric sodium/proton antiporter NhaA, demonstrating its ability to detect specific protein-lipid interactions. Based on the principle of FSEC-TS, we then engineer a simple thermal-shift assay (GFP-TS), which facilitates the high-throughput screening of lipid- and ligand- interactions with membrane proteins. By comparing the thermostability of medically relevant eukaryotic membrane proteins and a selection of bacterial counterparts, we reveal that eukaryotic proteins appear to have evolved to be more dependent to the presence of specific lipids.