bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Frenotomy on Gastroesophageal Reflux in Pediatric Ankyloglossia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Patel Ashaka , Cirone Katrina , Khoury Sami , Madou Edward , Dzioba Agnieszka , Ashok Dhandapani , Strychowsky Julie E. , Graham M. Elise 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This systematic review was conducted to assess if there are changes in gastroesophageal reflux (GER) outcomes after frenotomy in infants with ankyloglossia. Methods: Systematic Review. CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Pubmed, and Scopus were searched from inception to May 20, 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of all study designs, infants ≤12 months of age with ankyloglossia, and use of quantitative GER measures (esophageal pH manometry (pH) or multi-channel intraluminal impedance (MII), and/or patient-reported symptom scores) pre- and post-frenotomy. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Results: Of 37 articles screened, 7 met inclusion criteria (6 prospective cohort studies and 1 RCT). No studies utilized objective measures to quantify reflux, that is MII or pH. The number of infants with ankyloglossia ranged from 47 to 237 (mean age of 4.4-8.3 weeks). Qualitative analysis included all 7 studies which used the GIGER, I-GERQ-R, and GSQ-I scales to assess GER. Parent-reported GER scores decreased post-frenotomy. However, the lack of control groups in the prospective cohort studies precludes conclusive findings that changes are related to frenotomy. Meta-analysis was not possible due to the high risk of bias from limited sample sizes, poor methodology, and lack of adequate control groups. Conclusion: Limited work has been conducted on the relationship between frenotomy and GER in infants with ankyloglossia. The lack of high-quality studies precludes definitive conclusions, as GER symptoms are known to improve spontaneously with time. Future RCT studies are warranted to further elucidate the effect of frenotomy on symptoms of GER in infants with ankyloglossia. Level of Evidence: III.
Does Contractionary Monetary Policy Decrease Firm’s R&D Investments? Evidence from India’s Demonetisation
Authors: Srivastava Aaraadhya , Danish Mohd Shadab 
Published: November 2024

On 8 November 2016, the Indian Government demonetised ₹500 and ₹1,000 notes, which made nearly 86 per cent of the cash-in-circulation illegal tender overnight, with new ₹500 and ₹2,000 notes introduced gradually over the next several months. We exploit this intervention in a propensity score-matched difference-in-differences (PSM-DiD) framework to isolate the implications of a contractionary monetary policy on firm’s research and development (R&D) investments. Our findings suggest that India’s demonetisation policy had a detrimental effect on firm innovations in the period following its implementation. Additionally, we observe a concentration of this effect among slower-growth, less-profitable and more-leveraged firms. JEL Codes: E51, E52, O30
Nationalisation, Corporatisation, Disinvestment and Privatisation: The Four Stages of Engagement with the Markets in the Context of Financial Inclusion
Authors: Sriram M. S. 
Published: November 2024

The article looks at four phases of state engagement in financial inclusion. The first phase of involvement is classified as nationalisation, where the state takes control of both the strategic and operational control of a significant part of the market. The second phase is where the state can test the viability by retaining control but distinguishing between the departmental approach and a special purpose vehicle, which works on market principles. The third phase comes when the state is convinced that the market principles operate and therefore a part of the pie could be occupied by the market players, and the final phase is where the state can theoretically operate through policy and regulation without active participation in the market. The article looks at the evolution of the Indian banking sector through these four phases and concludes that we have passed the nationalisation phase. The state-owned Regional Rural Banks and the entire cooperative and community-owned structures are in the corporatisation phase that needs recapitalisation backstopping from time to time. The state-owned commercial banks have reached the disinvestment phase, and commercial banking in India, including the universal banks and the small finance banks, is in the privatisation phase. JEL Codes: D63, G18, G20, G21, G28, L32, L38
Infant Mortality among the Tea Garden Workers in Upper Assam: Insights from a Field Survey
Authors: Devi Kanchan , Upadhyay Vandana , Paul Arnob 
Published: November 2024

Infant mortality rate is an important indicator that reflects not only the health status of the infant but also the well-being of society as a whole. The north-eastern state of Assam is one of the states having the highest number of maternal and infant deaths within the country. For the first time, infant mortality in Assam registered a decline to 31.9 compared to the national average of 35.2 per 1,000 live births (NFHS-5). Though the overall rank of the state in terms of infant mortality has improved (from the 34th position to the 25th position), it is not enough and is not evenly distributed across the communities within the state. Human rights violations are particularly prominent among the tea garden workers of Assam and are mostly seen against the Adivasi children and woman, which is reflected by high maternal and infant deaths. The study aims to determine the factors responsible for infant mortality among tea garden workers by using primary data collected from 300 women workers across tea gardens in the Sonitpur and Tinsukia districts of Upper Assam. The binary logistic regression method is used for the analysis. It was observed that among the six probable factors, namely educational qualifications of the mother, marriage age of the mother, daily working hours, daily wage as tea garden labour, total number of births and the source of drinking water, the following three factors—namely the total number of births, age at marriage and the source of drinking water—are found to be the significant determinants of infant mortality among the tea garden labourers of Assam. JEL Codes: I12, I15
Clinical Characteristics of Inpatients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Treated with Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Population-Level Cross-Sectional Study: Titre: Caractéristiques cliniques des patients hospitalisés présentant un trouble du spectre de la schizophrénie et traités par électrochocs : Une étude de population transversale
Authors: Kaster Tyler S. , Babujee Amreen , Sharpe Isobel , Rhee Taeho Greg , Gomes Tara , Kurdyak Paul , Foussias George , Wijeysundera Duminda , Blumberger Daniel M. , Vigod Simone N. 
Published: November 2024

Objective Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an evidence-based treatment for schizophrenia when anti-psychotic medications do not sufficiently control symptoms of psychosis or rapid response is required. Little is known about how it is used in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to identify the association of demographic and clinical characteristics with administration of ECT for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Methods Among psychiatric inpatients with a diagnosis of SSD in Ontario, Canada (2006–2023), patient-level socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were described in those who did and did not receive ECT. We used multi-variable logistic regression to assess the association between patient-level characteristics and administration of ECT during index hospitalization. Results From 164,632 admissions, 2,168 (1.3%) involved exposure to ≥1 inpatient ECT procedure. Compared to those not receiving ECT, those receiving ECT were older, had higher rates of pre-admission medication use, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, outpatient mental health service use, but lower rates of substance use disorders. In the multi-variable logistic regression model, patient-level characteristics most strongly associated with receiving inpatient ECT were the presence of catatonia (odds ratio [OR]: 5.83; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 4.01–8.46), comorbid depression (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 2.07–2.98), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.55–3.00), while characteristics most strongly associated with not receiving inpatient ECT were myocardial infarction (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.20–0.95) and family conflict towards patient (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.31–0.71). Neither severity of psychotic symptoms, non-command auditory hallucinations nor delusions were associated with administration of ECT. Conclusions While characteristics associated with the use of ECT are generally consistent with the indications for ECT (e.g., catatonia, mood disorders), ECT is rarely used amongst individuals with SSD. Severity of psychotic symptoms was not associated with the use of inpatient ECT suggesting an opportunity to increase the use of ECT in this population.
Cognitive-Behavioural Social Skills Training: Mediation of Treatment Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis: L’entraînement aux compétences sociales cognitivo-comportementales : variables médiatrices des résultats thérapeutiques dans le cadre d’un essai clinique randomisé pour les jeunes présentant un risque de psychose
Authors: Devoe Daniel J. , Liu Lu , Braun Amy , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Granholm Eric , Addington Jean 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesCurrently, there are no effective treatments for functional outcomes (i.e., role and social) and negative symptoms for youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. Investigations into possible mechanisms that may contribute to the improvement of functioning and negative symptoms are needed in CHR research to help inform psychosocial treatments. The present study examined whether functioning and negative symptoms were mediated by asocial beliefs, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, maladaptive schemas, anxiety, depression, social cognition, or attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) in a large clinical trial.MethodsCHR participants ( n = 203; 104 females; 99 males) were recruited as part of a three-site randomized control trial comparing group cognitive-behavioural social skills training (CBSST) versus a supportive therapy group. Mediation analyses were conducted to test the relationships between treatment group, mediators (asocial beliefs, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, maladaptive schemas, anxiety, depression, social cognition, and APS), and outcome (social and role functioning, and negative symptoms). The mediation analyses employed conditional process path analysis via ordinary least squares regression.ResultsAt the end of treatment, but not 12-month follow-up, more severe APS were found to mediate the impact of treatment on negative symptoms, and social and role functioning. The greater the severity of APS, the less likely that CBSST would result in improvement in negative symptoms and social and role functioning. Many of the other variables showed significant associations with social (less for role) functioning and negative symptoms but did not mediate the effect of treatment on these outcomes at the end of treatment or 12-month follow-up.ConclusionsThere were no significant mediators except for APS at the end of treatment. Since more severe APS may result in participants being unable to fully participate in therapy and thus limit their gains, clinical implications may include offering some individual therapy to prepare these young people to benefit from the group treatment.
Content Validity of Teacher’s Evaluation of Neurodevelopmental Delays (TEDD) Tool for Indian Preschoolers
Authors: Kolhe Sunanda , Prakash Anand , Pereira Maxim 
Published: November 2024

Background Early detection of developmental delays in children can significantly help them realise their full potential. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), is the system in use at the moment to detect neurodevelopmental delays among children in the United States and other Western nations. However, due to cultural differences, there is a pertinent need for a content-validated module in the context of low- and middle-income countries, including India. Purpose The aim of this study was to develop and validate Teacher’s Evaluation of Neurodevelopmental Delays (TEDD) tool based on the criterions and definitions of neurodevelopmental disorders as mentioned in DSM-V and then synced with developmental milestones mentioned in International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) and Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE)/ New York City Early Education Centre (NYCE) framework, and items were worded in behavioural terms Methods We did a thorough review of the literature for the development of TEDD tool and used modified Delphi technique to content validate it. Data from nine experts, such as doctors, clinical psychologists, special educators, speech and language and applied behaviour analysis therapist were used for the analysis. Results Analysis resulted into 28 items being retained which can be applied in the Indian context. Conclusion This study has shown good content validity of the TEDD tool. Future studies are being planned to rule the feasibility and reliability of this tool.
Nurse’s Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Toward Perinatal Depression—A Study Among Nurses in Southern Ghana
Authors: Nortey Mark Anum , Asampong Emmanuel 
Published: November 2024

Introduction Nurses in perinatal care are the initial point of interaction making them crucial for early detection of depression among pregnant or birthed women. Though prevalent, there is limited data on the knowledge levels, attitudes, and practice among nurses in Ghana toward perinatal depression. This study investigated nurse’s knowledge, attitude, and practices on perinatal depression at two hospitals in Ghana. Methodology 211 perinatal care nurses at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital and the Greater Accra Regional Hospital were surveyed on their knowledge, attitude & practices on perinatal depression and analyzed using STATA version 15. Logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with nurses’ and midwives’ practices toward the identification and management of perinatal depression. At a confidence interval of 95%, a p value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Nearly half of the nurses (47.4%) of nurses depicted inadequate knowledge, 46.9% had an overall poor attitude toward identification and management of perinatal depression, and 79.6% depicted poor practices toward the identification and management of perinatal depression. Conclusions This study highlights knowledge gaps and suboptimal attitudes and practices regarding perinatal depression among nurses in Ghana. Addressing these gaps through targeted education and training may enhance early identification and management of perinatal depression in perinatal care settings.
Immunohistochemical-Based Molecular Subtypes of Female Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study at Cheikh Khalifa Hospital in Casablanca, Morocco
Authors: Oumnia Bouaddi , Maladho Diaby , Amanda Gordon , Wafaa Kaikani , Fadila Guessous , Mohamed Chahboune , Najdi Adil , Abderrahmane AL Bouzidi , Chakib Nejjari , Nabil Ismaili , Mohamed Khalis 
Published: November 2024

Introduction Breast cancer is a major public health concern worldwide and the most prevalent form of cancer in Morocco. This study aimed to describe the histological and immunohistochemical profiles of breast cancer in women admitted to Cheikh Khalifa Hospital in Casablanca, Morocco. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. All histologically confirmed female breast cancer cases diagnosed between January 2017 and May 2021 at the Cheikh Khalifa University Hospital were included in the study. Data were collected from patient electronic medical records. Using an electronic sheet, information was collected about the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, clinical features, histopathology, molecular characteristics, treatment received, and progression. Results Invasive carcinoma of no special type was the most common type of cancer accounting for 90.7% of all cases. The majority of the tumors (56.1%) were grade II tumors. About 42.1% of tumors were lymph node-positive and only 13.4% developed distant metastasis. Immunohistochemical data revealed that 57.9% of the tumors in this study were hormone receptor-positive (ER+ and PR+), 74.4% were estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), 58.5% were progesterone receptor positive (PR+), and 18.9% were HER2 positive (HER2+). The most common molecular subtype was Luminal A-like (43.9%). A statistically significant difference was found in histological grades across the four molecular subtypes ( P < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings should be used to guide breast cancer management policies in Morocco. Larger cohort studies are needed to determine the specificity of the breast cancer profile in Morocco as well as the epidemiological risk factors specific to every subtype.
Oxidative Stress, Ferroptosis Indicators, and Nicorandil Efficacy in STEMI Patients During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Jia Shengqi , Tian Dingyuan , Zhang Weifeng , Jia Haiyan , Zhang Jing , Jia Xinwei , Li Yongjun 
Published: November 2024

Background Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) poses a significant challenge during coronary revascularization. This research investigated alterations in oxidative stress and ferroptosis, alongside the impact of nicorandil on these aspects, among patients undergoing acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Methods 121 patients with STEMI who were undergoing pPCI were included in the study, and we documented their thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) blood flow grades before and after the procedure. The serum levels of creatine kinase-MB, creatinine, and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NTpro-BNP) were assessed. Additionally, we analyzed serum levels of SIRT1, HIF-1α, GPX-4, FTH1, FSP1, 4-HNE, and SI before pPCI and 6 h post-pPCI. Follow-ups were conducted 12 weeks after discharge, with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) documented. Results The nicorandil group showed significantly improved TIMI blood flow grades and lower CK-MB and NTpro-BNP levels at 24, 48, and 72 h after PCI. Although preoperative SIRT1, HIF-1α, and ferroptosis-related indicators were similar, post-PCI, SIRT1 increased less and HIF-1α increased more in the nicorandil group. The nicorandil group exhibited higher GPX4, FTH1, and FSP1 levels, and lower levels of 4-HNE and SI. While no significant differences in left ventricular function were observed, the nicorandil group had lower LVEDD at 12 weeks. Importantly, the incidence of unstable angina and heart failure was significantly lower in the nicorandil group. Conclusion Administering nicorandil perioperatively during pPCI alleviates MI/RI, preserves cardiac and renal function, and reduces unstable anginarisk at 12 weeks post-PCI. These benefits of nicorandil may be attributed to its anti-oxidative stress and anti-ferroptosis effects.
Myoring implantation with and without cross-linking: Comparative study of pre and postoperative visual outcomes and pentacam indices
Authors: Morkos Fathy Fawzy , Fawzy Nader Fathy , El Bahrawy Mohamed , Talaat Omnia , Elkitkat Rania Serag 
Published: November 2024

Objectives Comparing the visual, topographic, and aberrometric changes following Myoring implantation alone or combined with corneal cross-linking (CXL). Methods This retrospective, comparative study was conducted on keratoconus (KC) patients with moderate, central KC who sought medical advice at Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Group 1 patients performed femtolaser-assisted Myoring implantation, while group 2 patients performed Myoring implantation with CXL. Results Group 1 included 44 eyes, and group 2 comprised 40 eyes. The mean follow-up interval was 2.34 years ± 2.25. There was a significant postoperative improvement in subjective refraction for both groups. Patients of group 1 showed statistically significant reductions in postoperative topographic astigmatism, K readings, Index of Surface Variance, horizontal coma, and spherical aberrations. In contrast, patients of group 2 only showed statistically significant improvements in K readings and horizontal coma. Patients of group 1 developed higher improvements in topographic astigmatism and K max compared to group 2. Conclusion Although the combined technique was non-inferior to implanting the Myoring alone regarding visual, refractive, and keratometric improvements, Myoring implantation alone showed better results, mainly in topographic astigmatism. Hence, our study leans in favor of Myoring implantation without the need for additional CXL.
In silico Characterization of a Hypothetical Protein (PBJ89160.1) from Neisseria meningitidis Exhibits a New Insight on Nutritional Virulence and Molecular Docking to Uncover a Therapeutic Target
Authors: Asha Israt Jahan , Gupta Shipan Das , Hossain Md. Murad , Islam Md. Nur , Akter Nurun Nahar , Islam Mohammed Mafizul , Das Shuvo Chandra , Barman Dhirendra Nath 
Published: November 2024

Objective: Neisseria meningitidis is an encapsulated, diplococcus, kidney bean-shaped bacteria that causes bacterial meningitis. Our study hopes to advance our understanding of disease progression, the spread frequency of the bacteria in people, and the interactions between the bacteria and human body by identifying a functional protein, potentially serving as a target for meningococcal medicine in the future. Methods: A hypothetical protein HP (PBJ89160.1) from N.  meningitidis was employed in this study for extensive structural and functional characterization. In the predictive functional role of HP, several constitutive bioinformatics approaches are applied, such as prediction of physiological properties, domain and motif family function, secondary and tertiary structure prediction, energy minimization, quality validation, docking, and ADMET analysis. To create the protein’s three-dimensional (3D) structure, a template protein (PDB_ID: 3GXA) is used with 99% sequence identity by homology modeling technique with the HHpred server. To mitigate the pathogenicity associated with the HP function, it was docked with the natural ligand methionine and five other drug compounds like Verapamil, Loperamide, Thioridazine, Chlorpromazine, and Auranofine. Results: The protein is predicted to be acidic, soluble and hydrophilic by physicochemical properties analysis. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated the protein to be periplasmic. The HP has an ATP-binding cassette transporter (also known as ABC transporter) involved in uptake of methionine (MetQ) that creates nutritional virulence in host. Energy minimization, multiple quality assessments, and validation value determination led to the conclusion that the HP model had a workable and acceptable quality. Following ADMET analysis and binding affinity assessments from the docking studies, Loperamide emerged as the most promising therapeutic compound, effectively inhibiting the ATP transporter activity of the HP. Conclusion: Comparative genomic analysis revealed that this protein is specific to N. meningitidis and has no homologs in human proteins, thereby identifying it as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.