bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining genetic counselors’ implicit attitudes toward disability
Authors: Gould Helen , Hashmi Syed S. , Wagner Victoria F. , Stoll Katie , Ostermaier Kathryn , Czerwinski Jennifer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGenetic counselors have a unique role in healthcare that requires a balance between being a patient educator and patient advocate when discussing disability. This study aimed to determine genetic counselors’ implicit attitudes toward disability, and identify what factors affect these implicit attitudes. Case scenarios involving disability were used to examine hypothetical estimates of time spent on different topics within a genetic counseling session. Implicit attitudes were measured using the validated Disability Attitudes Implicit Association Test (DA‐IAT), and personal/professional experiences with disability were assessed. Analysis of 382 respondents of the electronic survey revealed that personal experience with individuals with disabilities was not significantly associated with implicit attitudes scores. In addition, results demonstrated that genetic counselors have a stronger bias toward ability (Dmean = 0.62, Dstd = ±0.45) compared to previous participants of the DA‐IAT (p < .005). Practice specialty, length of time in the genetic counseling field, or whether the participant was a practicing counselor or genetic counseling student were not associated with implicit attitudes scores. The bias toward ability observed across practice specialties may be due to shared factors that influence interest in this field, but may also potentially reflect the inability of the DA‐IAT to capture the complexity of genetic counselors’ relationship to individuals with disability. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating patients’ individual definitions of disability into genetic counseling sessions and building an environment of patient advocacy and education around their personal perspectives and needs.
Trends in medication adherence in HIV patients in the US, 2001 to 2012: an observational cohort study
Authors: Youn Bora , Shireman Theresa I , Lee Yoojin , Galárraga Omar , Wilson Ira B 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionAdherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential to reduce HIV‐related morbidity and mortality as well as the risk of virological failure and HIV transmission. We determined the trends in ART adherence during the periods of therapeutic advances, wider use of ART and greater attention to ART adherence. To understand the general trends in medication adherence, we compared ART adherence with medications for other common chronic conditions.MethodsA retrospective cohort study using Medicaid claims between 2001 and 2012 from 14 US states with the highest HIV prevalence. Medicaid is the largest source of care for HIV patients in the US. We identified Medicaid beneficiaries with HIV who initiated ART between 2001 and 2010 (n=23,343). Comparison groups included (1) HIV‐ persons who initiated a statin, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB), or metformin and (2) HIV+ persons who initiated these control medications while on and not on ART. We estimated adjusted odds of >90% medication implementation during the two years following initiation.ResultsThe proportion of HIV+ persons with >90% ART implementation increased from 33.5% in those who initiated in 2001 to 46.4% in 2005 and 52.4% in 2010. ART initiators in 2007 to 2010 had 53% increased odds of >90% implementation compared to those in 2001 to 2003 (adjusted OR 1.53, 99% CI: 1.34 to 1.75). Older age, male, White race, newer ART regimens and absence of substance use indicators were also associated with increased odds of >90% ART implementation. No or minimal improvements were found in the implementation of control medications in HIV‐ persons. For HIV‐ persons, the adjusted ORs comparing 2007–2010 to 2001–2003 were 1.06, 1.01 and 1.19 for statins, ACEI/ARB, metformin respectively. HIV+ persons who were on ART had, on average, 15.0 (SD: 4.2) and 16.1 (SD: 3.4) percentage points higher >90% implementation rates of concurrent statins, ACEI/ARB or metformin compared to HIV‐ persons and HIV+ persons who were not on ART respectively.ConclusionsAdherence to ART substantially improved between 2001 and 2012. Nevertheless, the absolute rates of >90% implementation were low for all groups examined. Substantial disparities by age, sex and race were present, drawing attention to the need to continue to enhance medication adherence. Further studies are required to examine whether these trends and disparities persist in the most recent period.
Use of simplified HAS‐BLED score in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving warfarin
Authors: Methavigul Komsing , Methavigul Ratikorn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral anticoagulant drugs are proven to prevent thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). To date, HAS‐BLED score is used to assess bleeding risk. This study was conducted to compare simplified HAS‐BLED (sHAS‐BLED) with conventional HAS‐BLED (cHAS‐BLED) scores.MethodsThis retrospective study recruited patients with AF receiving warfarin among July 2013 to December 2018 in Central Chest Institute of Thailand. The cHAS‐BLED score used the time in therapeutic range less than 70% as labile INR, whereas sHAS‐BLED score used SAMe‐TT2R2 score of 3 or more as a substitute for labile INR. A paired Student's t test was used to compare sHAS‐BLED and cHAS‐BLED. The Pearson's correlation was used to assess the correlation of sHAS‐BLED to cHAS‐BLED scores. The Bland‐Altman plot was used to confirm the agreement of individual sHAS‐BLED to cHAS‐BLED score.ResultsA total of 126 AF patients were enrolled. The average age, SAMe‐TT2R2 score, and cHAS‐BLED score were 70.52 ± 10.37 years, 3.53 ± 1.03, and 2.03 ± 0.95, respectively. The sHAS‐BLED score was not statistically significantly different compared with cHAS‐BLED score (P = .08). The sHAS‐BLED and cHAS‐BLED scores had a very strong correlation with a correlation coefficient of .86 (P < .01). The Bland‐Altman plot was performed to confirm the agreement of individual sHAS‐BLED to cHAS‐BLED scores.ConclusionsThe sHAS‐BLED was not statistically significantly different compared with cHAS‐BLED and can be used in clinical practice. However, larger clinical trial will be needed to prove whether sHAS‐BLED can predict bleeding risk in the future.
Spatial patterns of sample entropy based on daily precipitation time series in China and their implications for land surface hydrological interactions
Authors: Zhou Xiangyang , Lei Wenjuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEntropy is a good index to measure the uncertainty of the precipitation that is a manifestation of complex interactions between water vapour transport and the local land surface processes. However, whether the uncertainty of precipitation time series is highly related to the intensity of these interactions has not been deeply considered before. Thus, sample entropy (SE), the measure of uncertainty based on self‐similarity of the time series instead of a probability distribution, is employed to uncover the relationship between them. The spatial distribution of SE is based on the results calculated from 675 daily precipitation time series (1961–2011) in China. Then, the transfer of SE is extracted following the route of water vapour, water vapour source (WVS), obtained from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data set. Finally, the relationship between substantial changes of SE along the WVS route and the underlying conditions are discussed, including the digital elevation model (DEM), plant cover and climatic factors. The results reveal that the SE spatial distribution is closely related to the WV source and its interaction with local climatic regions and underlying conditions, which are manifested by the following aspects: (a) SE exhibits lower values in WVS source regions and increases following the WV transfer route because of diverse continental water vapour composition sources, which makes the system more complicated and increases the system entropy. (b) The pronounced SE increases and decreases indicate WV convergence and substantial topographic uplift, respectively. (c) The spatial distribution of SE is comprehensively dominated by climatic conditions since the boundaries of climatic regions correspond well with the specific SE contours. Therefore, SE spatial distribution indicates where WV originates and how WV interacts with local land surfaces along the WV transfer routes, which offers a new information mechanism perspective to understand the hydrological cycle from precipitation time series.
Deciphering the Raman spectrum of royal jelly. Fabrication of Ag‐polymer embedded royal jelly nanoparticles manifesting SERS effect
Authors: Lazarevska Sofija , Geskovski Nikola , Makreski Petre 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRoyal jelly (RJ) is secretion from the hypopharyngeal glands of worker bees, which serves as food for the queen bee and enabling larvae growth. Having biological properties already proven, RJ has considerable commercial appeal and is used in many sectors (pharmacy, food industries, and cosmetic products) nowadays. However, due to its chemical complexity on one hand and the easy adulteration and sensitivity of the biological molecules present, a limited information of the Raman spectrum of RJ is available, although it has been methodically investigated by midinfrared spectroscopy. The present paper aims to systematize the previous petite Raman spectroscopy knowledge and to holistically grasp band assignments in the whole region in Raman spectrum by fabrication of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) with surface adsorbed RJ. In order to obtain representative Raman spectrum in which the bands of the major components in the RJ (proteins and sugars) could be forced to appear here, AgNP‐RJ particles are fabricated. The method enabled to enhance the weak Raman signal, decreased the fluorescence, and improved signal‐to‐noise ratio. The obtained AgNPs with RJ were synthesized by careful selection of three stabilizing water‐soluble agents (citrate, poly (ethylene glycol), and polyvinylpyrrolidone) and produced SERS effect that increased the Raman bands signal and allowed, for the first time, to interpret the whole Raman spectrum of RJ.
Biodegradability Study of the Biosurfactant Contained in a Crude Extract from Corn Steep Water
Authors: Rodríguez‐López Lorena , Rincón‐Fontán Myriam , Vecino Xanel , Moldes Ana B. , Cruz Jose M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOver the last few years, the global biosurfactant market has raised due to the increasing awareness among consumers, for the use of biological or bio‐based products. Because of their composition, it can be speculated that these are more biocompatible and more biodegradable than their chemical homologous. However, at the moment, no studies exist in the literature about the biodegradability of biosurfactants. In this work, a biosurfactant contained in a crude extract, obtained from a corn wet‐milling industry stream that ferments spontaneously in the presence of lactic acid bacteria, was subjected to a biodegradation study, without addition of external microbial biomass, under different conditions of temperature (5–45 °C), biodegradation time (15–55 days), and pH (5–7). For that, a Box–Behnken factorial design was applied, which allowed to predict the percentage of biodegradation for the biosurfactant contained in the crude extract, between the range of the independent variables selected in the study, obtaining biodegradation values between 3 and 80%. The percentage of biodegradation for the biosurfactant was calculated based on the increase in the surface tension of samples of the crude extract. Furthermore, it was also possible to predict the variation in t1/2 for the biosurfactant (time to achieve the 50% of biodegradation) under different conditions.
The role of three‐dimensional printing in the surgical management of breast cancer
Authors: Santiago Lumarie , Adrada Beatriz E. , Caudle Abigail S. , Clemens Mark W. , Black Dalliah M. , Arribas Elsa M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA patient‐specific 3‐dimensional printed model (3DPM) of a woman with breast cancer was created. Mastectomy was favored as BCS would necessitate significant breast size alteration due to the extent of disease. After review of the 3D printed model, the patient and surgeon agreed on breast‐conserving surgery. Use of patient‐specific 3DPM in the setting of breast cancer may aid patient decision making and surgical planning, leading to enhanced surgical and oncological outcomes.
The kinetics of homogeneous and two‐step nucleation during protein crystal growth from solution
Authors: Barlow D. A. , Gregus Jan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany experimental reports for the kinetics of crystal nucleation and growth, from an isothermal solution, point to a sigmoidal‐like behavior for the process. Here we consider three different nucleation models from the literature and show that all lead to sigmoidal or sigmoidal‐like behavior for the kinetics of nucleation. A two‐step nucleation process is known to occur within certain supersaturated protein solutions, and it is demonstrated in this report how the sigmoidal law yields kinetic information for the two‐step and homogeneous nucleation modes. We propose here that two‐step solute‐rich associates form in the solution around seed nuclei that are already present at or near the point in time when the solution is prepared. Using this hypothesis, we are able to model the time‐dependent volume of the two‐step phase per unit volume of solution and show that this compares well with reported experimental data. A kinetic model is given for the proposed process, which leads to a sigmoidal rate law. Additionally, a relation between the initial and final nuclei densities and the induction time is derived. As a result of this study, the conclusion is that two‐step activity increases with increasing initial supersaturation or increasing salt concentration.
Self‐Healing Polyester Urethane Supramolecular Elastomers Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zeimaran Ehsan , Pourshahrestani Sara , Kadri Nahrizul Adib , Kong Daniel , Shirazi Seyed Farid Seyed , Naveen Sangeetha Vasudevaraj , Murugan S. S. , Kumaravel T. S. , Salamatinia Babak 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStretchable self‐healing urethane‐based biomaterials have always been crucial for biomedical applications; however, the strength is the main constraint of utilization of these healable materials. Here, a series of novel, healable, elastomeric, supramolecular polyester urethane nanocomposites of poly(1,8‐octanediol citrate) and hexamethylene diisocyanate reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are introduced. Nanocomposites with various amounts of CNCs from 10 to 50 wt% are prepared using solvent casting technique followed by the evaluation of their microstructural features, mechanical properties, healability, and biocompatibility. The synthesized nanocomposites indicate significantly higher tensile modulus (approximately 36–500‐fold) in comparison to the supramolecular polymer alone. Upon exposure to heat, the materials can reheal, but nevertheless when the amount of CNC is greater than 10 wt%, the self‐healing ability of nanocomposites is deteriorated. These materials are capable of rebonding ruptured parts and fully restoring their mechanical properties. In vitro cytotoxicity test of the nanocomposites using human dermal fibroblasts confirms their good cytocompatibility. The optimized structure, self‐healing attributes, and noncytotoxicity make these nanocomposites highly promising for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
Enhanced predictive corrosion modeling with implicit corrosion products
Authors: Gießgen Tom , Mittelbach Andreas , Höche Daniel , Zheludkevich Mikhail , Kainer Karl U. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn advanced mathematical approach to describe the influence of corrosion products on the corrosion rate is presented here. The related model can be used as input equation for numerical predictive corrosion simulations or simply as an empirical model, to extrapolate experimental data of corrosion tests to longer times and to interpret the physical parameters behind. This semiempirical model assumes that a constant share of the dissolved metal precipitates on the surface and hinders the diffusion processes. Hence, the effective corrosion rate decreases exponentially with increasing dissolution. The explicit corrosion progress over time is derived by time integration on a newly developed, time dependent corrosion rate equation. The derived expression can be effortlessly implemented in existing for example finite element method, which is demonstrated for the uniform corrosion of a zinc surface. Furthermore, this approach is qualitatively compared with other empirical models for corrosion products and the validity is demonstrated by fitting of experimental data. A very good agreement between experiment and theory can be achieved for various materials and environments considering no change of the driving corrosion mechanism.
Design and Characterization of Surface‐Crosslinked Gelatin Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Hydrophilic Macromolecular Drugs
Authors: Baseer Abdul , Koenneke Aljoscha , Zapp Josef , Khan Saeed A. , Schneider Marc 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor nanotechnology enabled delivery of hydrophilic protein‐based drugs, several polymer‐based carrier systems have been used in the past to protect the sensitive load and to facilitate cellular uptake and crossing of biological barriers. This study uses gelatin, a natural and biodegradable macromolecule, as carrier material which is approved for several applications. Nanoprecipitation is used to form nanoparticles and to maintain the physicochemical integrity of gelatin, hydrophilic crosslinkers, e.g., paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide, and transglutaminase are employed. However, these crosslinkers diffuse homogenously into the carrier matrix also crosslinking the polymeric matrix with the entrapped protein‐based molecules thus rendering it inactive. Hence a hydrophobic zero‐length crosslinker, diisopropylcarbodiimide, is applied to avoid diffusion into the particles. This will provide an opportunity to encapsulate protein‐based drugs in the non‐crosslinked matrix. The hypothesis of surface crosslinking is proven by the extent of crosslinking and more importantly by encapsulation and the release of lysozyme as a model hydrophilic protein. Furthermore, essential process parameters are evaluated such as crosslinker concentration, crosslinking time and crosslinking reaction temperature with regard to the effect on particle size, size distribution and zeta‐potential of gelatin nanoparticles. The optimum formulation results in the production of gelatin nanoparticles with 200‐300 nm and a polydispersity index < 0.2.
Predicting consumers’ cheating behavior. The role of mental representation of goods and psychological ownership
Authors: Viglia Giampaolo , Tassiello Vito , Gordon‐Wilson Sianne , Grazzini Laura 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study examines the likelihood of cheating when consumers are offered with the option of using postponed payment plans after purchasing hedonic goods. It addresses how the nature of the good combined with payment timing affects its perceived psychological ownership, which in turn influences consumers’ cheating behavior. Three experimental studies indicate that when consumers mentally represent a hedonic (vs. utilitarian) good, they are more likely to cheat. This effect is greater with a postponed payment than with an immediate one. Findings also show that perceived psychological ownership is lower for hedonic goods and this explains different levels of cheating behavior. The paper offers managerial guidance on how to increase perceived psychological ownership for hedonic goods, with the goal of reducing cheating behavior.
Pro‐Saccades Predict Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease: ICICLE‐PD
Authors: Stuart Samuel , Lawson Rachael A. , Yarnall Alison J. , Nell Jeremy , Alcock Lisa , Duncan Gordon W. , Khoo Tien K. , Barker Roger A. , Rochester Lynn , Burn David J. ,   on behalf of the ICICLE‐PD study group
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCumulative dementia incidence in Parkinson's disease (PD) is significant, with major personal and socioeconomic impacts on individuals with PD and their carers. Early identification of dementia risk is vital to ensuring optimal intervention. Saccadic deficits often distinguish neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive impairment, but their ability to predict cognitive decline in PD has yet to be determined. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate baseline (6.4 ± 6.1 months since PD diagnosis) differences in pro‐saccadic metrics between those with early PD and healthy age‐matched adults; and (2) assess the ability of baseline pro‐saccades to predict subsequent cognitive decline over 4.5 years.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐one PD and 90 age‐matched participants recruited at diagnosis underwent saccadometric assessment of pro‐saccades at baseline and had cognition assessed at baseline, 18, 36, and 54 months. Pro‐saccadic characteristics included latency, duration, amplitude, peak, and average velocity. Cognitive assessment included executive function, attention, fluctuating attention, and memory. Linear mixed‐effects models examined pro‐saccadic metrics as predictors of cognitive decline over 54 months.ResultsPro‐saccades were significantly impaired at baseline in PD compared with controls. Pro‐saccadic characteristics of latency, duration, peak, and average velocity predicted decline in global cognition, executive function, attention, and memory over 54 months in PD. In addition, only reduction in global cognition and attention were predicted by pro‐saccadic metrics in age‐matched adults, indicating that PD findings were not purely age related.ConclusionsSaccadic characteristics are impaired in early PD and are predictive of cognitive decline in several domains. Assessment of saccades may provide a useful non‐invasive biomarker for long‐term PD cognitive decline in early disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Observed trends in daily extreme precipitation indices in Aguascalientes, Mexico
Authors: Ruiz‐Alvarez Osias , Singh Vijay P. , Enciso‐Medina Juan , Ontiveros‐Capurata Ronald Ernesto , dos Santos Carlos Antonio Costa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrecipitation and its distribution greatly influence the evolution of ecosystems and the development of society. The objective was to analyse trends in extreme precipitation indices at 25 weather stations of Aguascalientes State. Eleven extreme precipitation indices were obtained. The time series of these indices were analysed with the non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test. The number of days above 50 mm, consecutive wet days, and extremely wet days did not have significant trends at any of the weather stations. Each of the indices maximum 1 day precipitation amount, maximum 5 day precipitation amount and number of very heavy precipitation days showed a significant positive trend at 12% of the weather stations; both the number of heavy precipitation days and the number of very wet days had significant positive trends at 8% of the weather stations; the simple daily intensity index, consecutive dry days and annual total wet‐day precipitation showed significant positive trends at 20%, 36% and 4% of weather stations, respectively. The intensity index was the only one that showed a significant negative trend, which happened at 4% of the weather stations. In a small part of Aguascalientes, the precipitation intensity, the number of rainy days and the accumulated total increased in short periods. Also, in a reduced region, daily precipitation intensity decreased; and in another very small area the number of dry days increased. For mitigating the effects of these phenomena, it is suggested that water be used more efficiently for sustained agricultural production systems and ecosystem management. The results of the present study will be of great importance in future economic planning in the Aguascalientes State.