bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The depth of the implant mucosal tunnel modifies the development and resolution of experimental peri‐implant mucositis: A case–control study
Authors: Chan Dave , Pelekos George , Ho Dominic , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundResolution and prevention of peri‐implant mucositis are a key in preventing peri‐implantitis. This case–control study aims to assess the modifying effect of a deep mucosal tunnel (DMT) on the induction and resolution phases of experimental peri‐implant mucositis.MethodsNineteen subjects with a tissue level implant were assigned to cases (DMT, depth ≥3 mm) or controls (shallow mucosal tunnel ≤1 mm, SMT). Subjects underwent a standard experimental peri‐implant mucositis protocol characterized by an oral hygiene optimization phase, a 3‐week induction phase using an acrylic stent to prevent self‐performed oral hygiene at the experimental implant, and a 3 + 2 weeks resolution phase. Modified plaque (mPI), gingival index (mGI) and peri‐implant sulcus fluid IL‐1β concentrations were measured over time. Differences between DMT and SMT were assessed with the Mann–Whitney test.ResultsModified plaque index and mGI increased in parallel during the induction phase. After resumption of oral hygiene practice, mPI and mGI resolved towards baseline values in the SMT group. In DMT, mPI and mGI values diverged: plaque resolved but resolution of inflammation was delayed and of smaller magnitude during the first 3 weeks after resumption of oral hygiene. IL‐1β concentrations were significantly higher in DMT at 21 days (end of induction) and during the resolution phase corroborating the clinical findings. Removal of the crown and submucosal professional cleaning were needed to revert mGI to baseline values in DMT implants.ConclusionsThe depth of the mucosal tunnel modifies the resolution of experimental peri‐implant mucositis at transmucosal implants. This observation raises important questions on the effectiveness of self‐performed oral hygiene in cases where implants are placed deeper and the ability to resolve mucositis and effectively prevent peri‐implantitis in such situations.
The effect of corporate governance on credit ratings: Evidence from China's bond market
Authors: Bradford William , Chen Chao , Zhao Yang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the association between firms’ corporate governance and credit ratings (both bond ratings and issuer ratings) in China. In addition to considering the financial attributes of bond issuers, we ask to what extent do credit rating agencies consider the corporate governance attributes of issuers? In concept, bondholders are concerned with the financial effects of how corporate governance resolves the agency conflicts between bondholders and managers, majority and minority shareholders, and shareholders and bondholders. We find that corporate governance affects bond issuer credit ratings in China. After controlling for firms’ financial attributes, we find that issuer ratings are positively related to dual‐listing, whether the firm is a state‐owned enterprise, the ownership of the second to the tenth largest shareholder; and negatively related to the relative scale of audit fees. We attribute the positive association between dual‐listing and credit rating to higher quality and transparency of information reported by the dual‐listed firm. The value to bondholders of the implicit government guarantee of debt payments more than offsets the negative association between firm value and being an SOE. Bond rating agencies expect that the change in agency costs with a reduction in the ownership of the largest shareholder benefits bondholders. To credit rating agencies, the scale of audit fees (relative to total assets of the accounting firm) signals interest binding between the client firm and the accounting firm that threatens the independence of auditing and the quality of financial reporting. We also find that bond‐specific attributes: collateral and issue size, are positively related to bond credit ratings.
Keep your cool and win the game: Emotion regulation and performance in table tennis
Authors: Kubiak Jeanette , Rother Sonja , Egloff Boris 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivePeople often feel anxious prior to performance situations, and this can lead to performance decrements. Thus, applying effective emotion regulation strategies could be crucial for achieving maximum performance.MethodWe investigated the relation between dispositional precompetition emotion regulation and competition performance. Participants were 310 table tennis players (240 men, Mage = 39.07, SD = 15.99). Self‐reported emotion regulation behavior was matched with objective performance data.ResultsWe found that positive cognitive change strategies were positively related and negative cognitive change strategies were negatively related to winning in competitions. Furthermore, athletes with a higher performance status more often used situation modification, positive cognitive change, and response modulation strategies.ConclusionsOur findings contribute to personality research by providing evidence for the (non)effectiveness of certain emotion regulation strategies.
Heteroglossia and Constructed Dialogue in SLA
Authors: LaSCOTTE DARREN , TARONE ELAINE 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAddressing themes from the Douglas Fir Group's (2016) transdisciplinary framework, this paper bridges boundaries between cognitive and social disciplines by showing how social contextual factors can affect the psycholinguistic development of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) in learner language. Sociolinguistic and sociocultural frameworks are blended with use of a multidimensional psycholinguistic frame, CAF, to analyze speech samples produced by 10 adult learners of English across different developmental levels as they all produced narratives containing constructed dialogue. Learners enacted imagined ‘voices’ that were significantly more accurate and fluent compared to their narrative baseline voices. Our findings suggest that emerging L2 proficiency consists of many distinct voices that can significantly differ in accuracy of grammatical forms and fluency; related studies show they also differ in suprasegmentals, nonverbals, discourse style, and expressed social stance. Learners’ ability to produce such voices in constructed dialogue supports a view of their proficiency as heteroglossic, complex, dynamic, and holistic, and of language play as facilitative of SLA. Theoretical and practical implications for L2 learning, instruction, and assessment are considered.
Dental development in a sample of South African HIV‐positive children
Authors: Titinchi Fadi , Behardien Nashreen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsWhile oral soft tissue manifestations associated with HIV‐infection in children are well documented, few studies have investigated the dental development of this group. The aim of this study was to assess dental development in a sample of HIV‐positive children in comparison with an age‐matched HIV‐negative control group.Methods and resultsThe sample comprised 44 HIV‐positive children and 44 HIV‐negative children matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. An orthopantomograph (OPG) of each patient was assessed in order to calculate the dental age. The mineralization stages of teeth were used to calculate the dental age using tables formulated by Phillips and van Wyk‐Kotze for this grouping. Results showed that dental development for both groups were similar to the dental age‐related tables. HIV‐positive children between 8 and 10 years of age showed significantly advanced dental development (p = 0.04). HIV‐positive females showed significant advancement in dental age as compared to their chronological ages. Thirty‐six (81.8%) HIV‐positive children were on antiretroviral (ARV) drugs.ConclusionHIV‐positive children presented stages of dental development in accordance with their chronological ages and in tandem with that of the HIV‐negative controls.
Assessment on Design Factors of China’s Natural Gas Pipeline Based on Reliability-Based Design Method
Authors: Zhang Zhenyong , Zhou Yawei , Zhang Jinyuan 
Published: January 2019

Although the traditional method based on stress analysis is simple and convenient, the main limitation is that it does not reflect the actual failure mechanisms (or limit states). A pipeline network database of about 40 thousand kilometers comprising 258 design cases that represent combinations of steel grade, diameter, pressure, and location class is established, in order to evaluate and improve the design factors specified in the Chinese standard “Code for design of gas transmission pipeline engineering” (GB 50251). Referring to the research report “Target Reliability Levels for the Design and Assessment of Onshore Natural Gas Pipelines” accomplished by C-FER in 2005, the critical wall thicknesses and corresponding equivalent design factors are calculated by using reliability-based method to meet specified reliability targets.
The research shows that the equivalent design factors obtained by Reliability-Based Design (RBD) method tend to increase as the pipe diameters get larger. The new design factors are smaller than those specified in the design code for pipelines with small diameter in location class 1 and 2, and larger than those in the design code for the other pipelines. Therefore, design factors are modified in each location class. The new factors are specific to pipes with small diameter (D ≤ 508mm), medium diameter (508mm &lt; D &lt; 711mm), and large diameter (711mm ≤ D ≤ 1219mm), thus enhancing the rationality and practicability of design factors.
Alternative Compressive Strain Capacity Performance Limits for Strain Based Design Applications
Authors: Kenny Shawn , Gordon Robin , Swank Greg 
Published: January 2019

Existing industry standards have established the compressive strain capacity of pipelines within an empirical basis. The compressive strain capacity is generally associated with the peak moment. This approach has evolved from elastic stability concepts used in structural engineering for unrestrained pipe segments subject to primary loading (i.e. force or load control) conditions.
This limiting condition does not take advantage of the observed performance for buried pipelines, when subjected to displacement control events such as differential ground movement, where the pipe curvature can exceed the peak moment response without loss of pressure containment integrity.
This inherent conservatism may have a negative impact on project economics or sanction where the compressive strain capacity, rather than tensile rupture limits, governs the strain based design methodology. For these conditions, alternative performance limits defining the pipe compressive strain capacity are required.
A numerical study was conducted, using finite element methods, to examine possible alternative compressive strain criteria for use in strain-based design applications. The results from this study and the requirements to bring these concepts forward through integration with industry recommended practice are presented.
In-Situ Piping Header Replacement
Authors: Grams Alexander C. 
Published: January 2019

The “A” manifold header replacement is presented within this paper as a case study to demonstrate how laser scanning (both of the existing piping and the newly fabricated spools) as well as off-site spool fabrication and testing, when combined with detailed pre-planning of activities and mapping of facility impacts to optimize the execution of a complex in-situ piping modification with an extremely tight facility outage window.
This paper explores the design and execution strategies used for the complete replacement of the southern portion of the NPS 24 piping header in “A” manifold at Enbridge’s Sarnia Terminal as contained within the Project Leave-to-Open packages. The piping header was fully replaced and upsized to NPS 30 as part of the Line 9B Reversal & Line 9 Capacity Expansion Project during a four-day facility outage in the summer of 2014. The work was managed by Enbridge Pipelines Inc. and executed by a regional industrial construction company (“contractor”). The header is a straight run of approximately 55m and includes 14 process tie-points. Certain stages of the replacement required a total shutdown of Sarnia Terminal, which mandated a very tight execution window. To enable completion of the work within the allotted outage, the new piping header was fabricated and hydrostatically tested in three sections at the contractor’s fabrication shop. All on-site tie-ins were designed to be bolted connections.
The factors which influenced the design and the staged execution strategy used during the outage are discussed in detail within the paper. Three key operability and technical factors influenced the design and execution strategies employed. Firstly, the Sarnia Terminal is fully interconnected to allow delivery to and from all 17 storage tanks on all 5 connected pipelines which enables a high level of operational flexibility. The result of this facility arrangement is a very complex isolation plan and requires large product drain-up volumes. Secondly, it was a requirement that the replacement piping, which is both larger diameter and heavier walled than the pre-existing piping header, did not increase the stress on any components of the existing piping system during or after installation. Finally, the length and number of connections on the manifold provided fit-up challenges and mandated an extremely high level of accuracy in the fabrication process to remove the requirement for on-site “field-fit” welds which could not be accommodated with the execution schedule. These factors posed numerous structural, mechanical and process challenges for which a detailed discussion is presented to provide insight into, and justification of the design and execution methodologies utilized.
Peripheral nerve blocks are not associated with increased risk of perioperative peripheral nerve injury in a Veterans Affairs inpatient surgical population
Authors: Yajnik Meghana , Kou Alex , Mudumbai Seshadri C , Walters Tessa L , Howard Steven K , Edward Kim T , Mariano Edward R 
Published: January 2019

Background and objectivesPerioperative peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a known complication in patients undergoing surgery with or without regional anesthesia. The incidence of new PNI in a Veterans Affairs (VA) inpatient surgical population has not been previously described; therefore, the incidence, risk factors, and clinical course of new PNI in this cohort are unknown. We hypothesized that peripheral nerve blocks do not increase PNI incidence.MethodsWe conducted a 5-year review of a Perioperative Surgical Home database including all consecutive surgical inpatients. The primary outcome was new PNI between groups that did or did not have peripheral nerve blockade. Potential confounders were first examined individually using logistic regression, and then included simultaneously together within a mixed-effects logistic regression model. Electronic records of patients with new PNI were reviewed for up to a year postoperatively.ResultsThe incidence of new PNI was 1.2% (114/9558 cases); 30 of 3380 patients with nerve block experienced new PNI (0.9%) compared with 84 of 6178 non-block patients (1.4%; p=0.053). General anesthesia alone, younger age, and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status <3 were associated with higher incidence of new PNI. Patients who received transversus abdominis plane blocks had increased odds for PNI (OR, 3.20, 95% CI 1.34 to 7.63), but these cases correlated with minimally invasive general and urologic surgery. One hundred PNI cases had 1-year follow-up: 82% resolved by 3 months and only one patient did not recover in a year.ConclusionsThe incidence of new perioperative PNI for VA surgical inpatients is 1.2% and the use of peripheral nerve blocks is not an independent risk factor.
Influence of postoperative analgesia on systemic inflammatory response and postoperative cognitive dysfunction after femoral fractures surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kristek Gordana , Radoš Ivan , Kristek Dalibor , Kapural Leonardo , Nešković Nenad , Škiljić Sonja , Horvat Vesna , Mandić Sanja , Haršanji-Drenjančević Ivana 
Published: January 2019

Background and objectivesTo investigate the possible effect of postoperatively applied analgesics—epidurally applied levobupivacaine or intravenously applied morphine—on systemic inflammatory response and plasma concentration of interleukin (IL)-6 and to determine whether the intensity of inflammatory response is related to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).MethodsThis is a randomized, prospective, controlled study in an academic hospital. Patients were 65 years and older scheduled for femoral fracture fixation from July 2016 to September 2017. Inflammatory response was assessed by leukocytes, neutrophils, C reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen levels in four blood samples (before anesthesia, 24 hours, 72 hours and 120 hours postoperatively) and IL-6 concentration from three blood samples (before anesthesia, 24 hours and 72 hours postoperatively). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination preoperatively, from the first to the fifth postoperative day and on the day of discharge.ResultsThe study population included 70 patients, 35 in each group. The incidence of POCD was significantly lower in the levobupivacaine group (9%) than in the morphine group (31%) (p=0.03). CRP was significantly lower in the levobupivacaine group 72 hours (p=0.03) and 120 hours (p=0.04) after surgery. IL-6 values were significantly lower in the levobupivacaine group 72 hours after surgery (p=0.02). The only predictor of POCD in all patients was the level of IL-6 72 hours after surgery (p=0.03).ConclusionsThere is a statistically significant association between use of epidural levobupivacaine and a reduction in some inflammatory markers. Postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia reduces the incidence of POCD compared with intravenous morphine analgesia in the studied population.Trial registration numberNCT02848599.
Evolving Clinical Picture of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study from Helsinki
Authors: Erkkilä Kaisa , Tornberg Sara V. , Järvinen Petrus , Järvinen Riikka , Kilpeläinen Tuomas P. , Visapää Harri , Hervonen Petteri , Taari Kimmo , Nisen Harry 
Published: January 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> There is a lack of detailed population-based data for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The study aimed to examine the contemporary changes in the clinical picture and treatment of RCC. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 1,719 consecutive patients living in the Helsinki metropolitan area with a solid or cystic renal mass (Bosniak 3–4) ≥10 mm were identified. Data from medical records was evaluated for clinical characteristics and treatments in the periods I (2006–2008), II (2009–2011), III (2012–2014), and IV (2015–2016). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The proportions of patients with comorbidities (Charlson index ≥2) and frailty (Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group classification ≥2) increased significantly during the study period. The percentage of clinical stage I patients, cystic tumors and use of needle biopsies increased significantly. Use of observation increased from 9% (I) to 32% (IV; <i>p </i>&#x3c; 0.001). First-line oncological treatments within 6 months were given to 47% of 262 patients with metastases and ­cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) was delivered to 54% of those patients. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The size of renal tumors continued to decrease, while the percentage of patients with significant comorbidity or frailty increased. Active surveillance emerged as the initial strategy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors with CN remained the primary option in patients with metastatic RCC.
Quemando incienso en altares cercanos
Authors: Angeoletto Fabio , Richard Enrique , Duarte Taise Ernestina Prestes , Vacchiano Marcelo Caetano , Leandro Deleon da Silva , Essy Camila 
Published: January 2019

El crecimiento masivo y global de las ciudades se ha convertido en uno de los más importantes retos socioambientales del siglo XXI. Por lo tanto, es necesario un enfoque más proactivo en la búsqueda de alternativas para la conservación biológica. Este artículo analiza la importancia de los jardines domésticos urbanos como áreas estratégicas para la conservación biológica. Jardines domésticos urbanos (o quintais en portugués) se definen como espacios privados adyacentes a las viviendas, y que pueden contener, en grados variados, céspedes, polígonos con vegetación ornamental y alimentaria y fuentes de agua. É común que especies vegetales que han experimentado una disminución severa en sus hábitats silvestres, alcancen altas productividades o densidades en los jardines domésticos urbanos. Esos espacios tienen una enorme capacidad para el suporte de la biodiversidad aunque sea corriente en ellos un predominio de especies vegetales exóticas.
Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Thiele Holger , Zeymer Uwe , Thelemann Nathalie , Neumann Franz-Josef , Hausleiter Jörg , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed , Meyer-Saraei Roza , Fuernau Georg , Eitel Ingo , Hambrecht Rainer , Böhm Michael , Werdan Karl , Felix Stephan B. , Hennersdorf Marcus , Schneider Steffen , Ouarrak Taoufik , Desch Steffen , de Waha-Thiele Suzanne ,   On behalf of the IABP-SHOCK II Trial (Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II) Investigators, Alkisoglu Zehra , Follath Ferenc , Frey Sonja , Haerting Johannes , Huber Kurt , Maisch Bernhard , Messemer Beate , Ourrak Taoufik , Schuler Gerhard , Vonderschmitt Karin , Werdan Karl 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The role of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) in cardiogenic shock is still a subject of intense debate despite the neutral results of the IABP-SHOCK II trial (Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II) with subsequent downgrading in international guidelines. So far, randomized data on the impact of IABP on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction are lacking. Furthermore, only limited evidence is available on general long-term outcomes of patients with cardiogenic shock treated by contemporary practice.

Methods:
The IABP-SHOCK II trial is a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial. Between 2009 and 2012, 600 patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction undergoing early revascularization were randomized to IABP versus control.

Results:

Long-term follow-up was performed 6.2 years (interquartile range 5.6–6.7) after initial randomization. Follow-up was completed for 591 of 600 patients (98.5%). Mortality was not different between the IABP and the control group (66.3% versus 67.0%; relative risk, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.88–1.11;
P
=0.98). There were also no differences in recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, repeat revascularization, or rehospitalization for cardiac reasons (all
P
>0.05). Survivors’ quality of life as assessed by the EuroQol 5D questionnaire and the New York Heart Association class did not differ between groups.

Conclusions:
IABP has no effect on all-cause mortality at 6-year long-term follow-up. Mortality is still very high, with two thirds of patients with cardiogenic shock dying despite contemporary treatment with revascularization therapy.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier: NCT00491036.