bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Solar-Driven new composite Heterostructure CoWO 4 /NCW Photo catalysts for Enhanced Adsorption /Photo Degradation Activity of organic pollutants
Authors: Hassan Ali A. , Shakir Ibtehal Kareem 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this work, abundant natural and industrial materials were used in concert to create a new nanocomposite made of Nanocellulose (NCW) hydrolyzed by nitric acid and cobalt tungstate (CoWO4) prepared by precipitation methods from sodium tungstate and cobalt chloride. The result was a cost-effective nanocomposite used as an adsorbent and photo-degradation with exceptional organic pollutants (OP) in refinery wastewater (RWW). This composite exhibited outstanding mechanical stability and eliminated organic pollutants (OP) by oxidation and adsorbent. All materials were comprehensively characterized through XRD, FTIR, DRS, TGA, BET, EDX, XRD, and FE-SEM analyses. A comparison was made between the nanocomposite's UV and solar light performance, considering factors like temperature, pH, time, dose, and so on. The best conditions were identified: pH levels of 8–9, time of 120 minutes, temperature of 70°C, and dose of 1.0 gm. Upon applying these optimized conditions to RWW samples, the high removal ratios were achieved: 97.4, 90.3, 64.2, and 49% for CoWO4/NCW, NCW, NaOH/CW, and CW respectively. These findings underscore the composite's potential as an economical and efficient biosorbent for OP elimination, alongside its effectiveness in solar-assisted degradation processes.
Chatter feature extraction for milling thin-walled parts based on GWO-VMD and CMSE
Authors: Wang Xuezhi , You Chongli , Li Xiaoguang , Ma Shujuan , Hou Ning , Song Guiqiu , Wang Minghai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To meet the requirements of the aviation industry for lightweight and high-strength equipment, a large number of complex monolithic thin-walled parts are used in aircraft. Most of these parts are processed by CNC milling, and chatter is easily induced during the machining process, which affects the machining quality of thin-walled parts. Therefore, how to apply signal processing technology to accurately identify chatter under complex working conditions is extremely important. To address this problem, this paper proposes a milling chattering feature extraction method based on the VMD of the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and the composite multiscale entropy (CMSE). First, the milling force signal was adaptively decomposed into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using GWO-VMD with the minimum permutation entropy (PE) as the fitness function of the GWO. Next, the signal was reconstructed according to the energy ratio of the decomposed signal to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Then, the CMSE of the reconstructed signal was extracted and analyzed, and the CMSE of the optimal scale was selected as the chatter detection index to achieve a more accurate chatter detection. Finally, experimental verification was carried out by side milling of thin-walled parts. The results show that the processing of the signal using the optimized variational modal decomposition algorithm can avoid the problem of difficult separation of the chattering signals due to mode mixing. Compared with the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the variation rate of the CMSE obtained after processing the signal with the GWO-VMD method is increased by 51.38%, which can significantly improve the discrimination ability of the CMSE for different milling states and is more conducive to chatter detection. Among them, the CMSE with a scale factor of 3 is most beneficial to chatter detection. The realization of chatter detection of thin-walled parts can effectively control the chatter generated in the milling process of thin-walled parts, which is conducive to improving the machining accuracy, quality and efficiency of workpieces. It is significant for the development of the intelligent manufacturing industry and the aerospace industry.
Minimum Humanitarian Standards of basic needs in temporary Displaced Camps in Shendi Locality, River Nile State, Sudan
Authors: Ali Alhaj Saad Mohamed Ahmed , Khamees Rowyda Alnile Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Minimum standards these are qualitative in nature and specify the minimum levels to be attained in humanitarian response regarding the provision location conditions, water, Sanitation and hygiene promotion.
Study design and Methods:
cross-sectional- Sample survey and household based study was conducted on the displaced shelters in the temporary camps in Shendi locality, between August to October 2024 for the purpose of observe the minimum humanitarian standards in the shelter camps. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews through a written questionnaire (100 questionnaires were distributed to the displaced households heads in the camps) and also through the checklist and non-structural interview. The data was analyzed using SPSS software.
Results
The assessment of temporary displaced camps in Shendi Locality, Sudan, reveals significant deficiencies in minimum humanitarian standards, including nutrition. While displaced households reside in schools with some facilities like toilets and kitchens, access to water is high (98% use tap water), and hygiene practices vary, with 66% maintaining good hygiene but 78% engaging in risky behaviors that may contaminate water. Nutritional standards are also lacking, with many households facing food insecurity and inadequate dietary diversity. Waste management is problematic, as 90% of waste is disposed of in open dumps, contributing to the breeding of flies and mosquitoes. Despite 98% taking protective measures against insects, the overall inadequacy of sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition practices poses a serious risk of disease spread, highlighting the urgent need for coordinated efforts by the government and organizations to improve conditions in these camps.
Conclusion
The assessment of temporary displaced camps in Shendi Locality, Sudan, reveals significant shortcomings in nutrition, sanitation, and hygiene, posing serious health risks. Key recommendations include improving food security, enhancing sanitation and waste management, and promoting hygiene education. Collaborative efforts between government and NGOs are vital for implementing sustainable solutions to improve conditions and reduce disease spread in these camps.
Assessment of Centrifuge Knowledge Among Medical Laboratory Personnel: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: Gümüş Alper , Zengi Oğuzhan , Kazezoğlu Cemal , Uçar Kamil Taha , Coşkun Cihan , Tek Semih , Doğan Nazife , Düz Muhammed Emin , Şener Gülsen , Köyüstü Kübra Nur 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective: This survey study aims to evaluate knowledge of centrifuge usage and adherence to centrifugation protocols among laboratory personnel. These aspects are crucial in preventing pre-analytical errors. Additionally, the study seeks to assess the equipment infrastructure and staffing status within the participants' institutions.
Materials and methods:The study involved 397 participants from various medical laboratories. A 16-item survey, using a 5-point Likert scale, was utilized to assess theoretical and practical knowledge of centrifuge usage. Two groups of subscales were developed, with one focusing on theoretical and practical knowledge and the other on pre-centrifugation, centrifugation, and post-centrifugation processes. Demographic data were collected, and the reliability of the survey was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha (0.94). Validity was assessed through factor analysis.
Results: The majority of participants were female (63%) and worked as laboratory technicians (72%). Approximately 71% had never received formal centrifuge training, and significant differences were observed between theoretical and practical knowledge, particularly among laboratory technicians (P<0.001). Education level and job title also influenced knowledge scores (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The developed survey scale demonstrated high reliability and validity, indicating its potential as a valuable reference for future studies assessing centrifuge knowledge and usage in laboratory environments. These findings underline the need for improved training programs to reduce pre-analytical errors and enhance overall laboratory performance.
Glutathione metabolism-related drug targets versus standard therapy in the treatment of breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huang Zhen , Wu Zhe , Mo Chongde , Zhu Guiyue , Qiu Fangyu , Hou Qiyan , Xie Yujie , Li Lihui , Pan Yinhua , Zou Quanqing , Yang Jianrong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is among the leading types of cancer affecting women globally. Glutathione metabolism has been implicated in both positive and negative ways in various cancers, but its specific role in breast cancer remains uncertain, a thorough exploration of the link between Glutathione metabolism and BC is crucial.
Methods: This study selected BC-related datasets and 50 Glutathione metabolism genes. It used Mendelian randomization to analyze the causal relationship between glutathione metabolism and BC. IVW method was used as the main analysis method, and Steiger test was performed to verify the results. Co-localization analysis was conducted for potential drug targets, and drugs related to these targets were screened from Drugbank and CTD. Finally, the MR results were verified using ebi-a-GCST90018799 dataset.
Results: We found 348 eQTLs linked causally to BC, pointing to glutathione metabolism. Notably, GSTM1 （protective factor）was the only gene that co-localized with BC, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target. Additionally, PheW-MR analysis showed that GSTM1 also had a protective effect against melanoma.
Conclusions: The validation of our MR findings has established a substantial causal link between GSTM1 and BC. While GPX4 was a risk factor, LAP3, GSTM4, and GSTM2 were protective factors.
Mixotrophic growth of the polar marine microalga Chlamydomonas sp. RCC2488 (malina) using potato peel hydrolysates as carbon source
Authors: Akhter Shah Rucksana , Barth Laura , Serrano-Carreón Leobardo , Martinez Alfredo , Morales-Sanchez Daniela 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Chlamydomonas malina is a polar microalga with high PUFA production under phototrophic conditions. In this study, C. malina, strain RCC2488, was cultivated on glucose and potato peel hydrolysates (PPH), at 120 µmol photons m-2 s-1 of light intensity, to investigate the feasibility of growing under mixotrophic conditions. Potato peels were subjected to an acid-hydrothermal pretreatment. The resulting material was separated into three fractions, each of which was prepared for the subsequent enzymatic reaction with a-amylase and amyloglucosidase: PPH1, supernatant + paste collectively; PPH2, only paste, H2SO4 – removed with water; PPH3, only supernatant. Transmembrane glucose transport, growth kinetics, macromolecular composition, as well as lipid types, and fatty acid profile of C. malina were determined. The microalga was able to grow and transport glucose under mixotrophic but not heterotrophic conditions. The highest concentration of reducing sugar (glucose) was found in PPH1 and PPH3. However, the lowest biomass content was found in those hydrolysates, likely due to the presence of furfural and hidroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In contrast, C. malina had the highest biomass productivity in glucose and PPH2. The PPHs promoted lipid accumulation in C. malina but with different lipid composition. PPH1 and PPH3 promoted the synthesis of TAG, while PPH2 allowed the accumulation of polar lipids with high PUFA content. Therefore, pretreatment and hydrolysis optimization are necessary to use potato peel as an efficient carbon source without toxic by-products. Mixotrophic cultivation of C. malina was possible but not ideal since higher growth is attained under phototrophic conditions.
The Impact of the CpxA on Regulating Polymyxin B Resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqing , Fang Yupeng , Xue Chengbin , Guo Ziwei , Liu Cunlei , Liu Yongsheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Polymyxin B is considered as a last-resort antibiotic for multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. Addressing Salmonella resistance to polymyxin B is crucial for global public health. Our study revealed that CpxA/ArcB knockout inhibits the motility, tolerance to acid stress and oxidative stress of S.typhimurium. Most notably, the tolerance of S.typhimurium to polymyxin B could be increased by either CpxA or CpxA/ArcB deletion. In this study, transcriptomic detection and analysis were used to clarify the mechanisms by which CpxA-deleted S.typhimurium is involved in resistance to polymyxin B stress, which may be related to processes such as increased assembly of bacterial flagella.
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Modulating Cognitive Processes in Rats: Exploring the Effects of Various MLA Delivery Methods through the Gut-Brain Axis.
Authors: Cao Chi , Li Shulin , Wang Wencheng , Shi Lei , Ma Rui , Zhang Bin , Tian Jianying 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of intestinal flora and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways in the gut-brain axis, using oral gavage and intraperitoneal injection of methyllycaconitine (MLA).
METHODS
MLA was administered at a dose of 4 mg/kg for 30 days, either orally or via intraperitoneal injection. Rats were then assessed for behavioral changes, inflammatory markers, neurotransmitters, neuroreceptors, and intestinal mucosal barrier integrity.
RESULTS
Rats receiving MLA via intraperitoneal injection exhibited significant behavioral abnormalities compared to the control and orally administered MLA groups. The levels of IL-1β were elevated in both intestinal and hippocampal tissues, while IL-10 levels were decreased. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was significantly lower in hippocampal tissues. Furthermore, α7nAChR expression was reduced in hippocampal tissues, accompanied by an increase in 5-HT3A receptors. The intestinal mucosal barrier was compromised, as evidenced by reduced expression of ZO-1 and Occludin, along with increased IL-1β and decreased IL-10 levels in the gut.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that oral gavage of MLA does not induce cognitive impairment in rats compared to intraperitoneal injection, possibly due to the involvement of intestinal flora in the protective effects of CAP.
Size Effect-based Improved Antioxidant Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Regulating Anti-PI3K-mTOR and Ras-MEK Pathways for Treating Spinal Cord Injury to Avoid Hormone Shock-induced Immunosuppression
Authors: Liu Peixin , Liu Xiaodong , Wu Zihao , Shen Kui , Li Zhaofeng , Li Xiaowei , Wu Qifeng , Chan Leung , Zhang Zhong , Wu Yutong , Liu Liwen , Chen Tianfeng , Qin Yi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a critical condition affecting the central nervous system that often has permanent and debilitating consequences, including secondary injuries. Oxidative damage and inflammation are critical factors in secondary pathological processes. Selenium nanoparticles have demonstrated significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties via a non-immunosuppressive pathway; however, their clinical application has been limited by their inadequate stability and functionality to cross the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB). This study proposed a synthesis method for ultra-small-diameter lentinan Se nanoparticles (LNT-UsSeNPs) with significantly superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capabilities compared to conventional lentinan Se nanoparticles (LNT-SeNPs). These compounds effectively protected PC-12 cells from oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced apoptosis. In vivo studies indicated that LNT-UsSeNPs efficiently penetrated the BSCB and effectively inhibited the apoptosis of spinal neurons. Ultimately, LNT-UsSeNPs directly regulated the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathways by regulating selenoproteins to achieve non-immunosuppressive anti-inflammatory therapy. Owing to their ultra-small size, LNT-UsSeNPs exhibited strong spinal barrier penetration and potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects without compromising immune function. These findings suggest that LNT-UsSeNPs are promising candidates for further development in nanomedicine for the effective treatment of SCI.
Thermal-hydraulic performance of nanofluids in separated flow induced by double forward facing step with converging/diverging wall: single-phase SST k-ω turbulence model
Authors: Jourabian Mahmoud , Raeesi Mehrdad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Some numerical works in the literature applied the semi-empirical correlations for estimating temperature-dependent properties of hybrid nanofluids (HyNf). Nevertheless, these correlations (developed based on the regression analysis of an extensive variety of experimental data), were originally proposed for mono NFs. No one has examined the accuracy of properties data of mono/hybrid NF obtained by using semi-empirical correlations compared to the relevant experimental data. In this study, the SST k-ω model in the single-phase framework based on OpenFOAM is applied for the turbulent forced convection heat transfer inside a double forward-facing step (DFFS) channel. The effects of converging/diverging bottom adiabatic wall and dispersing hybrid CNT-TiO2, ND-Ni, and mono Ni NPs in the water (base fluid) are investigated considering various imposed velocities at the inlet. The NFs and pure fluid properties are temperature-dependent, and various performance evaluation criteria (PEC) are evaluated. Compared to available experimental data, one well-known empirical model underestimates the value of FOM and does not generate the temperature-dependent variation of FOM while the other model overpredicts it. While replacing the canonical case with the converging channel improved the average Nu number considerably, the augmentation of the pressure drop exceeds it. The diverging channel is found preferable compared to the canonical case irrespective of the kind of working fluid. The thermal efficiency of less effective NFs in separating flow is affected strongly not only by the deflection angle of the bottom wall but also by the imposed velocity. Based on PECnf, using TiO2-CNT/water NF with ϕ = 0.001, 0.002 gives the highest thermo-hydraulic performance compared to pure water, and it is effective for converging/diverging channels at various imposed velocities.
Observing formation and evolution of dislocation cells during plastic deformation
Authors: Zelenika Albert , Cretton Adam André William , Frankus Felix , Borgi Sina , Grumsen Flemming Bjerg , Yildirim Can , Detlefs Carsten , Winther Grethe , Poulsen Henning Friis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

During plastic deformation of metals and alloys, dislocations self-organise in cells, which subsequently continuously decrease in size. How and when these processes take place has remained elusive, because observations of the structural dynamics in the bulk have not been feasible. We here present X-ray diffraction microscopy movies of the structural evolution during tensile deformation of a mm-sized aluminium (111) single crystal. The formation and subsequent development of 40,000 cells are visualised. The cells form in a stochastic, isotropic and uncorrelated manner already at 1% strain. We reveal that the cell size and dislocation density distributions are log-normal and bi-modal distributions, respectively, exhibiting scaling and maintaining a fixed volume ratio between cell interior and cell boundary. This insight leads to an interpretation of the formation and evolution steps in terms of universal stochastic multiplicative processes. This work will guide dislocation dynamics modelling, as it provides unique dynamic data and understanding.
Identification and Characterization of Nonfatal Injuries among Persons with Disabilities in Kentucky
Authors: Bunn Terry L. , Seals Jacqueline , Quesinberry Dana , Murphy Alaina , Costich Julia F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Vulnerable populations at risk of injury include persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), and persons who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). The increased risk of physical injury among children and older adults with IDD is well-documented, but information on the non-elderly population is lacking. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare emergency department (ED) + inpatient hospitalization (IP) injury rates among persons under age 65 with IDD or DHH by injury type and other variables with ED + IP rates among those without the same disabilities.
Methods
Injury data were extracted from Kentucky ED and IP discharge datasets from 2019 to 2023. Rates and rate ratios for injuries were calculated for those under age 65 with and without IDD and DHH, using number of persons under age 65 with and without the related disability as the denominator.
Results
The overall injury rate was lower for persons under age 65 with an IDD or DHH compared to those without those disabilities in 2023. Both disability types had lower overall ED + IP injury rate ratios compared to those without those disabilities. In contrast with the lower overall injury rate, persons under age 65 with IDD and DHH had higher ED + IP injury rate ratios for self-harm, assault, unintentional falls, and drug poisonings compared to those without those disabilities. Those with DHH had the same unintentional motor vehicle crash ED + IP rate ratio as those without the disability, whereas those with IDD had a lower unintentional motor vehicle crash ED + IP injury rate ratio. Importantly, those with IHH and DHH who were treated for injuries incurred charges that were triple the charges for patients without these conditions.
Conclusions
This study provides a better understanding of increased risk for injury intent and mechanism that highlights areas for improved injury prevention because exposure to common causes of injury varies from those of populations without these disabilities. For IDD and DHH individuals, it is important to target education and interventions to the prevention of self-harm, assaults, unintentional falls, and drug poisonings available to the individuals, their caregivers, and healthcare providers.