bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fruit and vegetable consumption and the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Mijin , Lim Miso , Kim Jihye 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were performed to assess the dose–response associations between fruit or vegetable consumption and the chance of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Studies on the association between fruit or vegetable consumption and the risk of the MetS published from January 1958 to 30 October 2018 were searched using the PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase databases, and the references of relevant articles were reviewed. Random-effects models were used to estimate the summary OR with 95 % CI for the MetS, and dose–response analysis was conducted to quantify the associations. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated usingQandI2statistics. A total of nine observational studies (seven cross-sectional studies and two cohort studies) were included in the meta-analysis. In a dose–response analysis of cohort studies and cross-sectional studies, the summary estimate of the MetS for an increase of 100 g/d in fruit consumption (nine studies) was 0·97 (95 % CI 0·95, 0·99;I2= 26·7 %), whereas an increase of 100 g/d in vegetable consumption (nine studies) was not associated with a reduction in the MetS (OR 0·98; 95 % CI 0·96, 1·01;I2= 54·6 %). In conclusion, an increased intake of fruit may reduce the risk of the MetS. For future research, prospective studies or randomised clinical trials are needed to identify the effects of fruits and vegetables by variety on the risk of the MetS.
‘The one who trampled Hades underfoot’: a comparative analysis of Christ's descent to the dead and trinitarian relations in second-century Christian texts and Hans Urs von Balthasar
Authors: Emerson Matthew Y. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn both Theo-Drama IV and Mysterium Paschale, Balthasar suggests that the descensus existentially separates the divine hypostases of Father and Son. He also repeatedly argues that his position is faithful to the Great Tradition. While there has been much debate about Balthasar's view of the descensus, this debate has focused mostly on the issues of universalism and penal substitution, leaving the issue of trinitarian relations either to the side or without an analysis of its historical precedent. This article attempts to address this lacuna by asking whether Balthasar's view of the descensus is in fact supported by the Great Tradition, with a specific focus on second-century texts. After surveying the apostolic fathers, second-century Jewish and Christian traditions (e.g. the New Testament apocrypha), second-century apologists and Melito's Peri Pascha, the article concludes that Balthasar's position does not find historical support in the second century. His view may be in line with the Great Tradition elsewhere, but it is not grounded in this seminal century of Christian doctrinal reflection.
The self-understanding of Jesus: a metaphysical reading of historical Jesus studies
Authors: Stevenson Austin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article argues that the quests for the historical Jesus have largely operated with an understanding of history hindered by a severely constricted range of divine and human possibilities. By outlining human ‘self-understanding’ as a historiographical question, it emphasises the determinative role in historical judgement played by the historian's assumptions about the range of possibility available to the processes of human thought. Highlighting three particular concerns that historians tend to connect to ‘docetism’, it suggests a couple of ways that metaphysical and theological forms of reasoning could expand the horizon of possibilities available to historical Jesus scholarship in a way that will augment access to the historical figure of Jesus.
Tarpeia the Vestal
Authors: Neel Jaclyn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTarpeia's role as a Vestal has become a matter of scholarly consensus in the past two decades. This article questions that consensus by suggesting that Varro and Propertius are the two major proponents of this ‘Vestal version’, which is not present in other major narratives such as Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Plutarch. Propertius’ version in particular, which depicts Tarpeia as a Vestal in love, has been overprivileged in analyses of this myth as a dramatisation of individual identity versus loyalty to the state. Varro's account, which also includes Tarpeia's Vestal status, suggests a different interpretation: it is likely that Varro considered Tarpeia a non-Roman Vestal whose Vestal status supported the state. This version resolves certain dissonances in early Roman myth.
Perspectives about Interprofessional Collaboration and Patient-Centred Care
Authors: Dahlke Sherry , Hunter Kathleen F. , Reshef Kalogirou Maya , Negrin Kelly , Fox Mary , Wagg Adrian 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTInterprofessional collaboration is understood to improve efficiencies and quality of care but is associated with challenges such as professionals’ differing routines, knowledge, and identities, as well as professional hierarchies and time constraints. Given these challenges, there is limited understanding of how professionals collaborate effectively in providing patient-centred care. This study, with a convergence triangulation mixed-methods study design, explored interprofessional staffs’ perceptions of interprofessional collaboration and patient-centred care when working with hospitalized older adults. Thirty-six staff responded to a survey which included the Patient-Centred Care measure and the Modified Index of Interdisciplinary Collaboration; we also interviewed 14 nursing staff. Although all scores suggested a high value was placed on interprofessional collaboration, scores were low related to activities that facilitated team processes. We identified three themes from the data: knowing the patient/family, functional needs, and communication processes. Staff identified daily rounds with interprofessional teams as supportive of interprofessional collaboration and patient-centred-care.
‘There Must Be Something There That We Don't Know About’: Massenet and Lucy Arbell
Authors: Branger Jean-Christophe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLucy Arbell (1878–1947) assumed an important position in Massenet's compositional process and output. Beginning withArianein 1906, he wrote principal or secondary roles for the singer in all of his operas, as well as the celebrated song cycleExpressions lyriques(1909–1911). Despite Massenet's admiration, the French contralto was received ambivalently by critics and she fell into oblivion soon after his death. For some, her talents as an actress could not make up for the mediocre quality of her voice. Drawing on unpublished and hitherto unknown archival documents, this article explores Arbell's career, which has been largely overlooked by scholars. I reveal how her career's evolution was intimately connected to the professional and sentimental relationship between singer and composer. Massenet notably wrote roles for her that included extensive use of spoken declamation, which sets them apart in the history of opera.
Congenital cardiac surgery and parental perception of risk: a qualitative study
Authors: Lotto Robyn R. , Jones Ian D. , Guerrero Rafael , Dhannapuneni Ram , Lotto Attilio A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction:The way risk is interpreted by parents of children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery is poorly documented. Literature suggests clinicians have concerns that parents may not understand the complexity of procedures. Conversely, some parents perceive an unnecessary over-emphasis of risks.Aim:To explore how risk is encountered by parents of children who are undergoing cardiac surgery, in order to deliver effective and compassionate care.Methods:A qualitative approach was adopted. Interviews were undertaken with 18 parents (mothers n = 10; fathers n = 8). Recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a constant comparative-based approach.Findings:Three themes emerged from the data: the nature of risk, reflecting the complexity of parental perception of risk and the influence of the doctor–parent relationship; presenting risk, highlighting the way in which risk is presented to and interpreted by parents; and risk and responsibility, examining the way in which parents engaged with risk and the impact of this on their relationship.Conclusions:The way in which risk is perceived by parents is complex and multi-factorial. The doctor–parent relationship is key to parental engagement. However, parents manage risk and uncertainty through a number of mechanisms, including those perceived as being not rational. This can cause tension, particularly when required to engage in informed decision-making.
Metal Nanoparticle-Decorated Silicon Nanowire Arrays on Silicon Substrate and their Applications
Authors: Roy Abhijit , Satpati Biswarup 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHerein, we report an efficient method to produce silver (Ag) nanoparticle-decorated silicon (Si) nanowire (NW) arrays on a pyramidal Si (P-Si) substrate by using a pure chemical method and rapid thermal annealing in different atmospheres. A metal-assisted chemical etching technique was used to produce vertical Si NW arrays on pyramidal Si. The etching was observed to be heavily dependent on the substrate type. On planar Si (100), the etching was observed to occur in a uniform manner. However, the etching rate was observed to increase from the top to the base of the Si pyramid. The Si NWs produced from P-Si have zig-zag sidewalls as observed from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. However, for the same oxidant concentration, Si NWs produced from planar Si (100) consist of straight and amorphous sidewalls. Local variation of oxidant concentration is responsible for the formation of different sidewalls. The substrates are both surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active and hydrophobic. The hydrophobicity is due to the dual scale of roughness contributed to by both pyramidal and NW structures. Finite-difference time-domain simulation shows that the gap between two Ag spheres and also the gap between Si NWs and Ag spheres contributed to SERS enhancement.
Radiation-associated hypertension in patients undergoing treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: Farrugia Mark , Mattes Malcolm 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:Patients undergoing prostate radiation therapy were observed to have elevated blood pressures in clinic. Therefore, we sought to further characterise this phenomenon.Methods:The charts of 76 patients who received radiotherapy for prostate cancer between 2014 and 2017 were examined. Blood pressure (BP) readings were obtained at initial consultation, on treatment visits, and subsequent follow-up appointments. To describe this effect, we defined radiation-associated hypertension (RAH) as an increase ≥15 mmHg systolic BP, 10 mmHg diastolic BP, or 5 mmHg mean arterial pressure.Results:Within this cohort, 36 patients developed RAH, with 75% developing RAH while on treatment, and 25% developing RAH at post-treatment visits. Two-thirds of patients remained hypertensive during post-treatment visits, and 27% were prescribed additional anti-hypertensives. There was no association between neoadjuvant/concurrent androgen deprivation therapy and RAH.Conclusion:A significant number of patients undergoing prostate radiotherapy developed RAH, necessitating additional medication in some.
Effects of Tidally Varying Salinity on Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport: Insights From Modelling an Idealized Creek Marsh Aquifer
Authors: Xiao Kai , Li Hailong , Xia Yuqiang , Yang Jinzhong , Wilson Alicia M. , Michael Holly A. , Geng Xiaolong , Smith Erik , Boufadel Michel C. , Yuan Ping , Wang Xuejing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMost existing numerical research on tide‐induced groundwater dynamics assumes a constant surface water salinity on the seaward boundary (constant salinity case). Few studies have investigated the influence of tidally varying salinity on shallow groundwater dynamics in coastal aquifers (tidal salinity case). We compiled field observations of tidally varying salinity in multiple estuaries across the eastern coast of China and a tidal creek in North Inlet‐Winyah Bay, United States. Numerical simulations were then conducted to explore the effect of tidally varying salinity on groundwater flow and salt transport in an idealized creek marsh aquifer. Results showed that the upper saline plume and classical saltwater wedge appeared in all cases, but the salinity in the saltwater wedge was diluted in the tidal salinity cases. Notably, groundwater transit times were shorter in the tidal salinity case than in the constant salinity case, especially under the creek bottom. Quantitative analyses indicated that tidally varying salinity significantly enhanced surface water‐groundwater exchange, increasing submarine groundwater discharge by 10% and the total inflow of surface water across the water‐sediment interface by 7%. As the density of groundwater differs from that of the overlying surface water, fingered saltwater flow formed in sediments under the creek bottom, leading to some small local water circulation cells. These small cells reduced groundwater transit times and almost doubled the water exchange rate. Coupling the density‐dependent flow to a simplified nitrogen reaction network revealed that the tidally varying salinity may have the potential to influence nitrogen biogeochemical transformations that modify nitrogen loads prior to discharge.
Eddy Saturation of the Southern Ocean: A Baroclinic Versus Barotropic Perspective
Authors: Constantinou Navid C. , Hogg Andrew McC. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract“Eddy saturation” is the regime in which the total time‐mean volume transport of an oceanic current is relatively insensitive to the wind stress forcing and is often invoked as a dynamical description of Southern Ocean circulation. We revisit the problem of eddy saturation using a primitive equations model in an idealized channel setup with bathymetry. We apply only mechanical wind stress forcing; there is no diapycnal mixing or surface buoyancy forcing. Our main aim is to assess the relative importance of two mechanisms for producing eddy‐saturated states: (i) the commonly invoked baroclinic mechanism that involves the competition of sloping isopycnals and restratification by production of baroclinic eddies and (ii) the barotropic mechanism that involves production of eddies through lateral shear instabilities or through the interaction of the barotropic current with bathymetric features. Our results suggest that the barotropic flow component plays a crucial role in determining the total volume transport.
Direct Monitoring Reveals Initiation of Turbidity Currents From Extremely Dilute River Plumes
Authors: Hage Sophie , Cartigny Matthieu J.B. , Sumner Esther J. , Clare Michael A. , Hughes Clarke John E. , Talling Peter J. , Lintern D. Gwyn , Simmons Stephen M. , Silva Jacinto Ricardo , Vellinga Age J. , Allin Joshua R. , Azpiroz‐Zabala Maria , Gales Jenny A. , Hizzett Jamie L. , Hunt James E. , Mozzato Alessandro , Parsons Daniel R. , Pope Ed L. , Stacey Cooper D. , Symons William O. , Vardy Mark E. , Watts Camilla 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRivers (on land) and turbidity currents (in the ocean) are the most important sediment transport processes on Earth. Yet how rivers generate turbidity currents as they enter the coastal ocean remains poorly understood. The current paradigm, based on laboratory experiments, is that turbidity currents are triggered when river plumes exceed a threshold sediment concentration of ~1 kg/m3. Here we present direct observations of an exceptionally dilute river plume, with sediment concentrations 1 order of magnitude below this threshold (0.07 kg/m3), which generated a fast (1.5 m/s), erosive, short‐lived (6 min) turbidity current. However, no turbidity current occurred during subsequent river plumes. We infer that turbidity currents are generated when fine sediment, accumulating in a tidal turbidity maximum, is released during spring tide. This means that very dilute river plumes can generate turbidity currents more frequently and in a wider range of locations than previously thought.
Deriving Rupture Scenarios From Interseismic Locking Distributions Along the Subduction Megathrust
Authors: Yang Hongfeng , Yao Suli , He Bing , Newman Andrew V. , Weng Huihui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGiven recent advances in geodetic data, interseismic locking models along the megathrust now become useful to qualitatively evaluate future earthquake potential. However, an individual earthquake's true rupture potential is challenging, as it depends on more than just a static image of prior locking. Here, we test the determinism of interseismic locking models using spontaneous rupture simulations and the well‐resolved processes associated with the 2012 moment magnitude (Mw) 7.6 Nicoya earthquake. To do so, we estimate initial megathrust stress from locking by assuming that the entire slip deficit will be released in the next megathrust earthquake. Then we initiate spontaneous ruptures at the hypocenter of the 2012 Nicoya earthquake. We find scenarios that approximate the same coseismic slip distribution and final earthquake moment magnitude as obtained from seismic and geodetic observations, demonstrating that deriving potential rupture scenarios from interseismic locking is feasible. We also find that spontaneous rupture scenarios from different locking models differ in moment rate duration and thus ground motion prediction, although the final slip distribution and moment magnitude were similar. The results highlight that quantifying rupture scenarios and ground motions from reliable locking models by dynamic rupture simulations can be an effective tool for seismic hazard assessment in subduction zones.
Direct and Microseismic Observations of Hydraulic Fracturing in Barre Granite and Opalinus Clayshale
Authors: Li Bing Q. , Einstein Herbert H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile hydraulic fracturing is a well‐established and widely implemented process, there are still some aspects that can be better understood. Specifically, researchers do not fully understand the relation between the hydraulic fracture network and the microseismic events induced during hydraulic stimulation. In this laboratory study, we address this knowledge gap by conducting hydraulic fracturing experiments where we directly observe microstructural changes using a high‐speed camera attached to a 5X magnification lens and analyze the images using a digital image correlation code. These data are compared to simultaneously acquired acoustic emissions, from which we infer the location and focal mechanisms of induced microseismic events. Experiments were conducted on Opalinus clayshale and Barre granite, at injection rates of 0.019 and 0.39 ml/s for each rock. The simultaneous recording of microseismic and visual observations is unique and provides significant insight into the details of hydraulic fracturing. Our results show several interesting differences between granite and shale, and between injection rates. For example, we find that while the creation of hydraulic fractures is generally considered as tensile at the field scale, evidence of shearing can be observed to varying degrees at the microstructural scale. Specifically, we see that microstructural shearing is more evident in granite in the form of distinct en echelon microcracks. On the effect of the injection rate, we find that a reduced injection rate tends to create a more complex network of microcracks, along with a lower proportion of double‐couple (shear) focal mechanisms in the microseismic data.
Hygroscopic Properties of Saline Mineral Dust From Different Regions in China: Geographical Variations, Compositional Dependence, and Atmospheric Implications
Authors: Tang Mingjin , Zhang Huanhuan , Gu Wenjun , Gao Jie , Jian Xing , Shi Guoliang , Zhu Bingqi , Xie Luhua , Guo Liya , Gao Xiaoyan , Wang Zhe , Zhang Guohua , Wang Xinming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSaline mineral dust particles, emitted from saline topsoil in arid and semiarid regions, contribute significantly to tropospheric aerosol particles. However, hygroscopic properties of saline mineral dust particles, especially for those found in regions other than North America, are poorly understood. In this work we investigated hygroscopic properties of 13 saline mineral dust samples collected from different locations via measuring sample mass change at different relative humidity (RH; up to 90%), and measured their chemical and mineralogical compositions using ion chromatography and X‐ray diffraction. The mass growth factors at 90% RH, defined as the sample mass at 90% RH relative to that at <1% RH, were found to display large geographical variations, spanning from ~1.02 to 6.7, and the corresponding single hygroscopicity parameters (κ) were derived to be in the range of <0.01 to >1.0. The saline components (mainly Na+, Cl−, and SO42−) contained by saline mineral dust particles largely determined their hygroscopicity, and the predicted mass growth factors at 90% RH using an aerosol thermodynamic model (ISORROPIA‐II), agreed with measured values within 20% for most of samples examined, although larger discrepancies also occurred for three samples. Our results improve our understanding in hygroscopicity of saline mineral dust particles and thus their heterogeneous chemistry and ability to serve as cloud condensation nuclei to form cloud droplets.
Cross Sections and Rate Coefficients for O+ Reacting With N2, O2, and NO
Authors: Viehland Larry A. , Johnsen Rainer 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIon‐molecule reaction cross sections between 0.03 and 3 eV can best be inferred from data taken in drift tube mass spectrometers. For the title reactions, the cross sections inferred from drift‐tube measurements in the late 1970s have been accepted as accurate, even though the methods used to infer them made substantial assumptions about the ion velocity distribution functions. Here the Gram‐Charlier method for solving the Boltzmann equation is used to obtain ion distribution functions that are anisotropic, having different average energies parallel and perpendicular to the uniform electrostatic field. The Gram‐Charlier method incorporates skewness, kurtosis, and correlation between the motions parallel and perpendicular to the field. This leads to more accurate ion distribution functions from which more accurate reaction cross sections have been inferred. The results differ by as much as 50% from the generally accepted cross sections that are currently used to model ion‐neutral reactions in the upper atmosphere.
Sharing Planetary Science in Plain Language
Authors: Hauck, Steven A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn 2016, JGR: Planets became the first AGU journal to begin accepting plain language summaries as a component of research and review articles. Authors began widely participating in this new approach to sharing planetary science in clear language with growth from 18% to 52% of published articles having a summary from the first to last quarters of 2017. In 2018, JGR: Planets joined several other AGU journals in making a plain language summary an expectation of all papers. Plain language summaries are an opportunity to make the rationale for, relevance of, and results from our work clear to a broad audience including students, science journalists, funders, and colleagues outside our specialty, among others. As adoption of and familiarity with, plain language summaries expands the impact of our work within our community and our society will grow too.