bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humility and Decision-Making in Companies
Authors: Argandoña Antonio 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A firm is a community of people who cooperate to achieve a purpose that is in everyone’s interest, albeit for different reasons. A manager’s task is to bring about this cooperation through these people’s motivations, which may be financial but also psychological, social, and moral—and it is here where virtues come into play. Managers must be virtuous and foster or, at least, not obstruct the other stakeholders’ moral qualities. Among these virtues, there is one that warrants particular attention: humility, the operative habit of having a realistic, objective knowledge of oneself and of others and acting accordingly, and which provides the basis for making decisions that seek the firm’s good and that of other people. This does not guarantee the firm’s financial success, but it does provide the means by which a humble manager can become an excellent manager.
Self-Trust and Epistemic Humility
Authors: Nguyen C. Thi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Some cognitive domains, like the moral, aesthetic, and religious, seem to demand a special kind of intellectual autonomy. We should, it is thought, think for ourselves and not trust others. This call for autonomy seems to support a radical intellectual self-sufficiency. In particular, the fact that our peers disagree with us can be disregarded by the fully intellectually self-sufficient person. I argue against radical intellectual self-sufficiency. I argue, instead, that our basis for self-trust in these domains should also extend to trusting others. So long as we do not have a good account of our own reliability in these domains, our general cognitive similarity to others ought to lead us to weight their testimony, and so weight their disagreement. We should be epistemically humble in the face of disagreement. Furthermore, epistemic humility here is a form of intellectual autonomy, for we discover the evidence of disagreement and think through its consequences for ourselves.
Understanding Humility as Intellectual Virtue and Measuring It as Psychological Trait
Authors: Haggard Megan C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
While the actions and behaviors associated with humility have been lauded as exemplary by many and condemned as detrimental by others, this chapter will explore the intellectual experience of humility and how it is measured as a personality trait in psychology. This chapter will examine humility through the lens of Aristotle’s virtuous golden mean, where intellectual humility lies between intellectual arrogance (deficiency) and intellectual servility (excess). In support of this, research shows that intellectually humble people demonstrate more careful and open-minded thinking styles, which can create a more thoughtful and open intellectual environment around them. The chapter will conclude with implications of intellectual humility in various domains, including business, leadership, and medical contexts.
Persian Temple Renovations and the Rebuilding of the Jerusalem Temple
Authors: Davis Andrew R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter shows how Persian kings used temple renovation to distance themselves from recent turmoil and to associate their reigns with more illustrious past traditions. The renovation was also the beginning of a larger program of cultic and/or economic restoration. This rhetoric of renovation sheds light on texts relating to the rebuilding of the Jerusalem temple, especially Ezra 5:7–6:12, which employs similar rhetoric. For the Jewish elders in this passage, the renovation of the Jerusalem temple is the symbol through which they express religious continuity as well as discontinuity.
Writing for Love and Money
Authors: Vieira Kate 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This book tells the story of how families separated across borders write—and learn new ways of writing—in pursuit of both love and money. Over the past decades, global economic inequality has continued to promote the growth of labor migration. According to the UN, 244 million people currently live outside the countries of their birth. The human drama behind these numbers is that labor migration often separates parents from children, brothers from sisters, lovers from each other. Migration, undertaken in response to problems of the pocketbook, also poses problems for the heart. Based on field research and interviews with transnational families in Latin America (Brazil), Eastern Europe (Latvia), and North America (United States), Writing for Love and Money: How Migration Drives Literacy Learning in Transnational Families shows how families separated across borders turn to writing to address these problems. They are writing to sustain meaningful relationships across distance and to better their often impoverished circumstances. The book reveals that, despite policymakers’ concerns about brain drain, immigrants’ departures do not leave their homelands wholly educationally hobbled. Instead migration promotes experiences of literacy learning in transnational families as they write to reach the two life goals that globalization consistently threatens: economic solvency and familial intimacy. The book thus shows how migration itself can be a source of technologically savvy, emotionally attuned, globally conscious, and entrepreneurial literacy learning.
What’s New about Writing for Love and Money?
Authors: Vieira Kate 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1 tells of writing’s enduring entanglement in love and money across selected historical and contemporary periods and cultures. It argues that writing for love and money is not new. It suggests that taking both a sociohistorical and ethnographic perspective on migration-driven literacy learning allows one to explore which legacies of writing for love and money people activate or discard given their particular historical moments, their particular geo-political contexts, and their particular relationships, goals, and lives. Such an exploration can be undertaken through the kind of comparative, transnational analysis that the subsequent chapter outlines.
Learning to Log On
Authors: Vieira Kate 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Based on fieldwork in Brazil, this chapter develops the concept of “writing remittances”—the hardware, software, and knowledge about literacy that migrants often remit home to communicate with loved ones. As objects of emotional and economic value, writing remittances demand literacy learning as one condition of their exchange. Because such learning, like money, is fungible, homeland residents often circulate and reinvest it locally, with varying returns. This chapter brings together two fundamental aspects of literacy—its imbrication in economic trends and its materiality—to show how they interact in families’ relationships across borders. It does so by offering snapshots of experiences of writing remittances taken from various angles: an aerial view of writing remittances across social class; a narrative view of writing remittances across one man’s life; historically oriented views across the changing technologies of print and digital writing remittances; and future-oriented views as women and men described the payoffs (or not) of migration-driven literacy learning.
Introduction
Authors: Olberding Amy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides a basic orientation to the book as a whole. It canvasses contemporary distinctions drawn between the concepts of “civility,” manners,” and “etiquette.” It provides a brief account of how these concepts came to be treated as distinct and introduces readers to the Confucian concept of li, a term that encompasses all of these concepts at once. The chapter argues that efforts to be more polite need to take account of all the behavioral work we describe when we invoke “civility,” “manners,” and “etiquette.”
Temptations to Bad Manners
Authors: Olberding Amy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines why ordinary forms of social rudeness can be appealing. Having ordinary good manners largely consists in developing good habits rather than deciding in individual cases to be polite. This chapter considers why we are resistant to developing such habits. It considers common and historical complaints against good manners, most especially the criticism that manners involve fakery and the sense that manners are dreary and joyless. These complaints represent useful forms of skepticism but can also, the chapter argues, seed self-deception. For we are far more likely to find joyful honesty in our own bad manners than in the bad manners of others. So too, the world of honesty and fun we associate with slack in manners is not the world we are likely to get. Instead, bad manners will fall hardest on those with the least.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Scannapieco Maria , Painter Kirstin R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by problems with functioning or development that are related to symptoms of a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. It is the most common mental health problem in children, affecting as many as 1 in 20 children. It affects both boys and girls, but it is more predominant in boys. For males, prevalence rates are estimated to be three times that of females, 12.9% compared to 4.3%. Prevalence rates of ADHD in school-age children in the United States are estimated at 5% by the America Psychiatric Association. This chapter will focus on diagnosing and assessing ADHD from a differential diagnosis and comorbidity perspective. Evidenced-based ADHD interventions will be presented along with a discussion around the importance for school personnel to collaborate with the many other systems that impact children and youth with ADHD.
Self-Harm Disorders
Authors: Raines James C. , Ochocki Stephanie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) lists both suicidal behavior disorder and nonsuicidal self-injury as conditions for further study. The essential feature of suicidal behavior disorder is that the individual has at least some intent to die. The essential feature of nonsuicidal self-harm is that the individual repeatedly inflicts superficial injuries to the body. Controversy continues to exist about whether the proposed disorders are part of a continuum of self-harm or distinct categories. Suicidal behavior is growing fastest in pre- and early adolescent girls. Nonsuicidal self-injury should be distinguished from stereotypic self-injury. Screeners can help to identify students who need a thorough assessment. Full assessments should utilize a crisis team. Recommendations are made for each tier using a multitiered system of supports framework. A case example illustrates school-based intervention for nonsuicidal self-injury.
Fake News
Authors: Krause Nicole M. , Wirz Christopher D. , Scheufele Dietram A. , Xenos Michael A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Since Donald Trump’s surprise victory in the 2016 US presidential election, media organizations, pundits, academics, and technology leaders are panicking not only over what they see as the sudden emergence of fake news but also over the difficulties of finding effective and sustainable solutions. But how new or even real is this idea of inaccurate or intentionally misleading news? This chapter shows that fake news is by no means a new phenomenon but has, in fact, been an integral part of the media ecosystem throughout the history of media effects research. The second section of the chapter provides a discussion of factors that do in fact create new problems for our democratic system and pose new challenges for media systems transitioning to on-demand and online-only modes of delivery. The chapter closes with an outlook on promising research areas that offer solutions for some of the challenges facing our democratic system.
“The True” in Journalism
Authors: Floyd Juliet 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
“The True” is a central norm of journalism that cannot be reduced to something else: opinion, consensus, social force, power, or demographic identity. There are no “alternative” facts, though there are alternative interpretations of facts. The evolution of social media platforms has made collective pursuit of the ideal of “The True” more difficult and complex in our time. Following Frege, the chapter argues that journalists should nevertheless pursue the norm of “The True” as a central, irreducible, and irreplaceable norm. It surveys debates over “The True” from Frege through the pragmatists, social constructivists, deconstructionists, deflationists. In the end, we side with those who refuse to eliminate “The True”: Frege, Wittgenstein, Quine, Putnam, Diamond and others. Nevertheless we should be realistic about the struggle involved in unfolding and revealing it. The struggle for appropriate representation, acknowledgement of “The True,” is a central target of journalism, as it is also in everyday life.
Canards, Fausses Nouvelles, Paranoid Style
Authors: Ortoleva Peppino 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Fake news has been cyclically surfacing in the history of journalism and public opinion. In the vein of some classic authors, the chapter identifies ideas that are surprisingly useful in the present media environment. It interweaves three historical threads relevant to today’s fake news: (1) the growth of canards in 19th-century Paris, observed by both Honoré de Balzac and Gérard de Nerval as the habitual invention of news when facts were not sufficiently attractive for readers; (2) the diffusion of fausses nouvelles during the Great War, described by Marc Bloch and propelled by the tendency, in times of crisis, to search for oracles more than information proper; (3) the propensity, suggested by Richard Hofstadter, to spread conspiracy theories, notably in the development of McCarthyism.
Bosom Friends
Authors: Balcerski Thomas J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The friendship of the bachelor politicians James Buchanan (1791–1868) of Pennsylvania and William Rufus King (1786–1853) of Alabama has excited much speculation through the years. Why did neither one ever marry? Might they have been gay, or was their relationship a nineteenth-century version of the modern-day “bromance”? Then, as now, they have intrigued by the many mysteries surrounding them. In Bosom Friends: The Intimate World of James Buchanan and William Rufus King, Thomas Balcerski explores the lives of these two politicians and discovers one of the most significant collaborations in American political history. Unlikely companions from the start, they lived together as messmates in a Washington, DC, boardinghouse. They developed a friendship that blossomed into a significant political partnership. Before the Civil War, each man was elected to high executive office: William Rufus King as vice president in 1852, and James Buchanan as the nation’s fifteenth president in 1856. This book recounts the story of their bosom friendship through a dual biography of Buchanan and King. Special attention is given to their early lives, the circumstances of their boardinghouse friendship, and the political gossip that has circulated about them ever since. In addition, the author traces their many contributions to the Jacksonian political agenda, manifest destiny, and the debates over slavery, while finding their style of politics to have been disastrous for the American nation. Ultimately, Bosom Friends demonstrates that intimate male friendships among politicians were, and continue to be, an important part of success in the clubby world of American politics.
Leavening, 1786–1819
Authors: Balcerski Thomas J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1 examines the family background, early education, friendships, and legal and political careers of James Buchanan and William Rufus King. King entered politics as a Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican, while Buchanan started out as a Federalist. This chapter considers both men’s efforts at romantic courtship: King’s foray into romance during his time as secretary to the Russian legation with Czarina Alexandra Feodorovna, and Buchanan’s failed engagement to Ann Coleman of Lancaster. In both cases, the chapter argues that these love stories established the necessary preconditions for their bachelorhood and for a future in which intimate male friendship superseded the more traditional responsibilities of marriage and family. Their earliest experiences had leavened them into the later forms of northern “dough-face” (a Northerner who supported the Southern agenda for political gain) and southern moderate (a Southerner who placed national concerns over sectional interests).
Ministering, 1844–1848
Authors: Balcerski Thomas J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 traces a period of extended separation between Buchanan and King, from 1844 to 1848. During the administration of President James Polk each man turned his attention to foreign policy concerns, with Buchanan as secretary of state and King as American minister to France. Their relationship had now been transformed from an intimate boardinghouse friendship into one of political superior (Buchanan) to subordinate (King). But their continued collaboration proved critical as the nation navigated first the Oregon territorial crisis and then the War with Mexico, both of which required careful diplomacy to avoid entanglements with European powers. The end of their respective terms of ministerial service found each man considering retirement, but each tried and failed once more for their party’s presidential and vice presidential nominations.
Presiding, 1853–1868
Authors: Balcerski Thomas J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chapter 7 considers select aspects of Buchanan’s life after King’s death: his time as American minister to England, presidential nomination and election, presidency, retirement years, and the legacy of his friendship with King. In the election of 1856, the Democrats promoted Buchanan’s friendship with King and other Southerners to suggest his pro-southern principles as president. Buchanan was the last presidential candidate elected to run as a “northern man with southern principles.” As president Buchanan sustained pro-southern policies, administered an active social calendar aided by First Lady Harriet Lane, attended a commencement address at the University of North Carolina (the alma mater of William Rufus King), and failed to keep together the Union through the secession winter of 1860 to 1861. During the Civil War and into Reconstruction, Buchanan continued to invoke King and took special care to reconnect with Catherine Margaret Ellis.
Forced Migrants: Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons
Authors: Toole Michael J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses the social injustice experienced by refugees and internally displaced persons. There are approximately 25.4 million refugees and approximately 40.0 million internally displaced persons globally, in addition to 3.1 million asylum seekers. This chapter describes morbidity and mortality in these populations and the increased risk factors that refugees and internally displaced persons face. It provides many specific examples of the effects of social injustice in these populations. The chapter describes international responses to the needs of these populations. It includes a discussion of what needs to be done. The author concludes that the plight of refugees and internally displaced persons can be addressed only if the international community is serious about addressing the root causes of poverty, poor governments, exploitation, and inequities between rich and poor countries.
Infectious Diseases
Authors: Mukherjee Joia S. , Farmer Paul E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The burden of infectious disease cases and deaths falls most heavily on low-income countries. This chapter describes structural inequities and the disproportionate burden of infectious diseases on the poor and provides many examples. It addresses roots and underlying factors, including inadequate support for public works and infrastructure, inadequate protection of social and economic rights, poverty, violence, and inadequate access to medical care and antibiotics. The authors assert that addressing the differential prevalence of infectious diseases requires a holistic approach that incorporates the social determinants of health and promotes prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The chapter describes in detail the global AIDS movement and its accomplishments. The authors conclude that human suffering due to infectious disease can be alleviated if social injustice is comprehensively addressed. A text box describes a man with tuberculosis who eventually dies of the disease because of inadequate access to quality medical care and necessary medications.
Violence
Authors: Mercy James A. , DeGue Sarah 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Violence can be both a consequence of social injustice and a tool used to perpetrate it. After describing the World Health Organization’s definition of violence, the chapter describes the public health burden of violence. It then discusses social injustice as a cause of violence, including economic exploitation, poverty and relative deprivation, hate-motivated violence, gender inequality, political repression, and unfair distribution of justice. The chapter concludes with a discussion of what needs to be done, including increasing the cost of injustice, reducing the impact of poverty on violence, reducing social distance, improving gender equality by redefining harmful cultural norms, and strengthening democratic institutions. Three text boxes address war and other forms of armed conflict, the international arms trade, and nuclear weapons and social injustice.
Strengthening Communities and the Roles of Individuals in Building Community Life
Authors: Aronson Robert E. , Lovelace Kay , Hatch John W. , Whitehead Tony L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Strengthening communities and the roles of individuals in building community life can help prevent disease and disability and expand resources for promoting social justice. This chapter discusses addressing social injustice through community transformation and the roles that public health workers can play in this process by developing authentic partnerships with communities, recognizing and building on community strengths, and using public health approaches that address the root causes of health disparities. Communities can be strengthened in their capacity to address their health problems and the root causes of these problems. Public health workers need new skill sets and intervention strategies to assist communities in meeting the challenges that they face. A text box discusses strengthening communities in low- and middle-income countries. A second text box describes the work of a community-based foundation (the MetroWest Health Foundation) in addressing social injustice at the local level.
Promoting Social Justice Through Education in Public Health
Authors: Lawrence Robert S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores how to promote social justice through education programs for students in schools of public health, medical school departments of community and preventive medicine, and elsewhere. It also examines how education can equip public health practitioners, researchers, and educators with a social justice perspective that will guide their future work. Two major developments provide crucial information and values for developing and implementing social justice curricula: human rights law and progress in developing analyses of the social determinants of health. This chapter covers principles of social justice, the integration of human rights with public health, and a historical context for the evolution of related developments. The chapter describes examples of the introduction of social justice into public health curricula. The chapter concludes with an agenda for action. A text box contains the International Declaration of Health Rights. A second text box describes the Simmons Master of Public Health in Health Equity program.