bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding quantum mechanics: a review and synthesis in precise language
Authors: Drummond Brian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis review, of the understanding of quantum mechanics, is broad in scope, and aims to reflect enough of the literature to be representative of the current state of the subject. To enhance clarity, the main findings are presented in the form of a coherent synthesis of the reviewed sources. The review highlights core characteristics of quantum mechanics. One is statistical balance in the collective response of an ensemble of identically prepared systems, to differing measurement types. Another is that states are mathematical terms prescribing probability aspects of future events, relating to an ensemble of systems, in various situations. These characteristics then yield helpful insights on entanglement, measurement, and widely-discussed experiments and analyses. The review concludes by considering how these insights are supported, illustrated and developed by some specific approaches to understanding quantum mechanics. The review uses non-mathematical language precisely (terms defined) and rigorously (consistent meanings), and uses only such language. A theory more descriptive of independent reality than is quantum mechanics may yet be possible. One step in the pursuit of such a theory is to reach greater consensus on how to understand quantum mechanics. This review aims to contribute to achieving that greater consensus, and so to that pursuit.
Modeling Human Pupil Dilation to Decouple the Pupillary Light Reflex
Authors: Napieralski Piotr , Rynkiewicz Filip 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present methods to calculate pupil size based on various parameters, such as: luminance, age, corneal flux density or monocular/binocular effect. These models allow to distinguish pupil dilation caused by the influence of light and other factors such as psychological state of participants.The developed methods were presented based on empirical data. Various researchers estimate their equations based on oculographic data obtained in the course of experiments. The presented plots are based on those equations. Different approaches can be compared to show the difference between particular models.The methods presented in this paper enable a more detailed investigation of the influence of various parameters on the pupil. It can be used to better estimate the influence of light on pupil size. The main changes occurring in pupil size, i.e. contractions and dilation, are caused by light. Other criteria such emotional arousal, cognitive processes or even memory operations can also alter the pupil, among which the decoupling of light is important. The presented approach is distinct from other similar studies because it decouples the pupillary light reflex.
Principal Component Analysis based on data characteristics for dimensionality reduction of ECG recordings in arrhythmia classification
Authors: Wosiak Agnieszka 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDue to the growing problem of heart diseases, the computer improvement of their diagnostics becomes of great importance. One of the most common heart diseases is cardiac arrhythmia. It is usually diagnosed by measuring the heart activity using electrocardiograph (ECG) and collecting the data as multidimensional medical datasets. However, their storage, analysis and knowledge extraction become highly complex issues. Feature reduction not only enables saving storage and computing resources, but it primarily makes the process of data interpretation more comprehensive. In the paper the new igPCA (in-group Principal Component Analysis) method for feature reduction is proposed. We assume that the set of attributes can be split into subgroups of similar characteristic and then subjected to principal component analysis. The presented method transforms the feature space into a lower dimension and gives the insight into intrinsic structure of data. The method has been verified by experiments done on a dataset of ECG recordings. The obtained effects have been evaluated regarding the number of kept features and classification accuracy of arrhythmia types. Experiment results showed the advantage of the presented method compared to base PCA approach.
Robotics and Work: Between Fiction and Reality
Authors: Gottardi Donata 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper focusses on the spreading of robotics, starting from a Resolution of the European Parliament of 2017. Legal scholarship seems to have developed an attraction for digitalisation, which implies the development of smart working and platform work governed by algorithms. The pervading impact of robotics seems to imply fewer divergences from the traditional structure of Labour Law in terms of institutions and legal categories. However, it could determine even more radical changes, possibly approaching scenarios explored so far only by science fiction.
Praising the World “by Geometrical Terms”: Legal Metrics, Science and Indicators in Swift’s Voyage to Laputa
Authors: Nicolini Matteo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article focuses on the epistemological paradigms that underpin the current trends in comparative legal research, by assessing them within the framework of the law-and-literature movement. In particular, it examines the scientific state of mind and the veering towards quantitative approaches which now percolate through legal comparative studies. The article argues that such state of mind is not merely confined to the ambit of comparative law. It has indeed several traits in common with the scientific mentality which has been saturating the knowledge system in Western culture since the seventeenth century. This scientific state of mind was one of Jonathan Swift’s main targets. In Gulliver’s Travels, A Tale of a Tub, and A Discourse Concerning the Mechanical Operation of the Spirit, Swift satirised the seventeenth-century scientific program, which had reduced the advancement of knowledge into a system that is very similar to twenty-first century information systems. This reduction was influenced by Cartesian philosophy and was achieved through methodological innovation. But it was also a consequence of the debate on ancient and modern learning, which had originated in France, but had immediate resonance in England. Swift rejected absolute reliance on quantitative methods: not only does this make it possible to set an equation between law and literature, but it also allows us to bring humanities into the debate about quantification in comparative law – and, as a consequence, to reappraise through literature some common assumptions we usually make about the law.
Luminescence studies of uranyl-aliphatic dicarboxylic acid complexes in acetonitrile medium
Authors: Maji Siuli , Kumar Satendra , Kalyanasundaram Sundararajan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The uranyl (UO2
2+)-aliphatic dicarboxylic acid complexes are studied by luminescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy in acetonitrile (MeCN) medium. The ligands used are malonic acid (MA), succinic acid (SA), glutaric acid (GA), adipic acid (AA) and pimelic acid (PA). The complexes of UO2
2+ with the above ligands showed well resolved luminescence spectra at pH 4.0 with M/L = 5. Both luminescence and UV-Vis spectra indicated the formation of 1:2 and 1:3 complexes of UO2
2+ with MA and GA, AA, PA, respectively. DFT computations indicated the formation of 1:2 chelate complex of UO2
2+ with MA and two types of 1:3 complexes of UO2
2+ with SA, GA, AA and PA. Furthermore, the effect of solvent (water and acetonitrile) on the UO2
2+-ligand complexes has been performed using COSMO model. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the formation of tris complexes of uranyl with these ligands in acetonitrile medium.
Price Gouging at the Pump? The Lerner Index and the German Fuel Market
Authors: Neukirch Arne , Wein Thomas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Gasoline prices in Germany fluctuate significantly within one day. Price ranges of 15 euro cent per day are not uncommon. Consumers therefore often perceive that market power is exercised in the retail fuel market. Especially high surcharges in the late evening are considered to be price gouging. The German Federal Cartel Authority used these price mark-ups as evidence for oligopoly market power in four metropolitan regions between 2007 and 2010. Data for eight metropolises and 65 medium-sized cities from May 2016 to June 2019 show that the lowest price level in the day is reached in the early evening and then rises sharply. We use the well-known Lerner Index to measure market power in these evening hours. Our descriptive analysis shows that the Lerner Indices of the premium brands Aral, Shell, and Total S.A. rise after 10 p.m., that is, after a large part of the price-aggressive gas stations have closed. The results were about 0.1 for diesel and 0.08 for gasoline. Other companies achieve lower values of 0.05–0.07. Compared to other international studies that deal with the fuel market, we find a similar level of Lerner Indices, but only for few hours and not for the whole day. Multivariate estimations cannot show that a larger market share of the analyzed brand or a lower market share of price-aggressive firms increases the index. Influences of weekdays, different cities or wholesale prices cannot be proven either. Therefore, the gasoline market seems to be competitive, at least in a higher dimension as it is publicly perceived. Hence, pricing behavior in the evening and at night cannot be used as evidence of a serious abuse of market power by petrol stations, which could be relevant for the evaluation of future mergers in the petrol market.
A case–control study on effects of the ATM, RAD51 and TP73 genetic variants on colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Yazici Merve , Yilmaz Umit , Yilmaz Nesibe , Celik Faruk , Isikoren Ece Gizem , Celikel Burcu , Ergen Arzu , Keskin Metin , Zeybek Umit 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aim
ATM, RAD51 and TP73 are genes that take part in DNA repair pathways. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to determine the genotype and allele distributions of the ATM 5′-UTR G/A, RAD51 135 G/C and TP73 GC/AT polymorphisms and their relationship with clinical parameters in Turkish colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Material and methods
One hundred and four CRC patients and 113 healthy individuals were included in this study as control. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were used.

Results
The ATM 5′-UTR G/A polymorphism GG (p = 0.001) and AA (p = 0.0001) genotypes were found higher in the patient group, while the GA genotype (p = 0.0001) and A allele (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the control group. Moreover, the GG genotype (p = 0.042) was higher among patients with advanced-stage cancer and, while GA genotype (p = 0.047) was increased in patients without perineural invasion. The RAD51 135 G/C polymorphism GC genotype (p = 0.0001) and C allele (p = 0.0001) were significantly higher in the patient group, while CC genotype (p = 0.0001) was higher in the control group. No statistical significance was observed between the TP73 GC/AT polymorphism genotype and allele distribution and the clinical parameters.

Conclusion
In the Turkish population, the ATM 5′-UTR GG and AA genotypes, and the RAD51 135 G/C GC genotype and the C allele presence may be risk factors for CRC.
Konzeptualisierung bildungssprachlicher Kompetenzen. Anregungen aus der pragmatischen und funktionalen Linguistik und Sprachdidaktik
Authors: Steinhoff Torsten 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcademic language has been the subject of much interdisciplinary discourse. However, a major problem arises when attempting to operationalize the construct of academic language. A common approach is to determine typical grammatical and lexical features. However, such compilations are not suitable for describing and explaining linguistic functions and actions in academic language. They are thus also not suitable for investigating academic language skills, since they neglect a central aspect of language. This problem is addressed in the present article, which considers academic language skills from a pragmatic and functional perspective. First, transdisciplinary aspects concerning structure, diagnosis, acquisition, teaching and standards of academic language skills are considered. On the basis of these findings, a heuristic model for representing different aspects of academic language skills is presented. The three fields of the model consider relevant cultural conditions (domains, functions, fields of knowledge, tasks, interactions and media), academic language actions (modes, units) and relevant individual resources (cognitive, motivational, volitional). These are then discussed with reference to three central concepts in the German-language discourse on academic language: „Alltägliche Wissenschaftssprache“, „Diskurspraktiken“ and „Textprozeduren“.
Der Koran und die arabische Schrift: Der mündliche Prophet und seine schriftlicheumma
Authors: Selmani Lirim 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag thematisiert die Genese der Sakralisierung der arabischen Schrift, die im vorislamischen Arabien eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt und mit der Verschriftlichung des Korans den Status eines sakralen Symbolsystems erreicht. Hier wird die These vertreten, dass die Sakralisierung der arabischen Schrift in Zusammenhang mit der Textgeschichte des Korans zu denken ist. Er ist Gefäß der göttlichen Offenbarung, deren Unverrückbarkeit auf das Speicherungsmedium der Schrift zurückprojiziert wird. Mit der Verschriftlichung des Korans wird nicht nur seine Kodifizierung und damit die Propositionalisierung des Islams beabsichtigt, sondern auch die Einreihung des Islams in die schriftlich-monotheistische Tradition. Muslime sind fortan wie Juden und Christen auchSchriftbesitzer, wie der Koran sie charakterisiert. Ursprünglich ist der Koran einevirtuelle heilige Schrift. Koran, AT und NT unterscheiden sich in erster Linie im Medium: DerSchriftlichkeitder hebräischen Bibel und der christlichen Bibel steht dieMündlichkeitdes Korans gegenüber. Der Umschlag zu einer schriftlichen Form wird mit der arabischen Schrift vollzogen, die die frühen Muslime modifizieren, kodifizieren und einfrieren. Die Sakralisierung der arabischen Schrift hat bis in die Gegenwart hineinreichende Konsequenzen und trägt wesentlich zur Diglossie in der arabischen Welt bei. Religionswissenschaftlich interessant ist, dass im Fall der arabischen Muslime religiöse mit kultureller und auch nationaler Identität verschmelzen: Arabische Sprache und Schrift halten diese Symbiose zusammen.
The Asturian language and the evolution of Romance clausal structure
Authors: Esteban Avelino Corral 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Over the past few years, the comprehensive study of syntactic variation across both the Germanic and the Romance branches of languages in relation to the unmarked word order pattern has meant a more in-depth knowledge of the nature of the verb-second phenomenon – an extremely intricate typological concept because of the complex factors that give rise to such a word order restriction. The aim of this paper is to investigate word order phenomena in the Asturian language (Romance, Western Iberian: Spain) from a comparative perspective1 by examining the word order patterns found in a number of documents written over the course of two centuries, with a view to determining what constitutes the unmarked word order and gaining a better understanding of its core syntax. Such a study has entailed collating research on the verb-first, verb-second and subject-verb-object orders. Finally, it aims to shed more light on the evolutionary development of the Romance languages.
Negative imperatives in Eastern Romance languages: Latin heritage and Romance innovation
Authors: Ionescu Emil 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper is a contribution to the study of negative imperatives in Romance. The paper starts from Raffaella Zanuttini, who, like other researchers, notices that most of Romance languages display, under certain conditions, an asymmetry between certain positive and negative imperatives. She holds that, historically, the asymmetry reflects a tendency in Romance of maintaining the early illocutionary Latin distinction between negations nōn and nē (Zanuttini 1997, 128 s.). The present study proposes, too, a historical explanation of this asymmetry. To this purpose, the analysis takes into account negative imperatives in three varieties of Latin, pre-Classical, Classical and Vulgar Latin. The approach leads to a reformulation of Zanuttini’s hypothesis. It is argued that the asymmetry in Romance amply documented in her study is due to the inheritance of the Vulgar Latin imperative system, which turns out to be “incomplete” in the sense that it does not incorporate either the illocutionary distinction nōn/nē or the early behaviour of nē (both visible in pre-Classical and Classical Latin). It is further argued that, if considered from the viewpoint of the Vulgar Latin system of imperative, some Romance innovations managed to independently reconstruct the pre-Classical Latin distinction, on another level of the historic evolution and under a different form. Data from Eastern Romance languages are adduced in support of this view.
Le motif de la gaste terre dans le Conte du Graal
Authors: Gracia Paloma 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The topic of this paper revolves around the links that unite the motif of the Waste Land with the wound of the Fisher King in the Conte du Graal. These links are based, on the one hand, on ancestral beliefs that connect the land’s fecundity with the goodness of the king, while his faults are punished with its sterility, and on the other, with Augustinism. The ills of the Grail’s family constitute a deserved castigation derived from a chain of sins, originating in the previous generation with the commission of a sin of origin. The punishment embraces all the members of the family, and, in the very same way that Original sin is the cause of both mortality and the earth’s aridity, its punishment presupposes the king’s impotence and the kingdom’s barrenness, Perceval’s matricide, and his silence in front of the Grail. The awaited irruption of Perceval in the Fisher King’s domain signified for the Grail’s family the same as that of redemption for mankind. Perceval thus redeems his lineage, and with it, the earth, in the line of the old belief that linked the king’s sins with the earth’s sterility, in conformity with the pattern of the Fall, Punishment and Redemption.
Implementasi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Membangun Karakter Generasi Muda Bangsa
Authors: Sulianti Ani , Safitri Robiah Mega , Gunawan Yasril 
Published: September 2019

Citizenship education has a central role in building the character of the nation's young generation through local wisdom possessed by the Indonesian people, so that the role and implementation of citizenship education in building the character of the young generation. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used are observation, and interviews. Data processing techniques using triangulation. The data analysis technique used consisted of 4 stages, 1). Unitization or categorization 2). Data reduction 3). Data display, and 4). Drawing conclusions. The results showed that: benefits that can be received and then applied directly by students and educators in the educational context. Such as: providing a positive influence on students in building the character of the nation's young generation through the values of local wisdom. Raising awareness in students to always develop and preserve forms of local wisdom, and for educators (teachers) the implementation of Citizenship Education based on local wisdom is a new intermediary for delivering citizenship education materials which will certainly build the character of students appropriately.Pendidikan kewarganegaraan memiliki peran sentral dalam membangun karakter generasi muda bangsa melalui kearifan lokal yang dimiliki oleh bangsa Indonesia, sehingga, Peran dan Implementasi pendidikan kewarganegaraan dalam membangun karakter generasi muda. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpul data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, dan wawancara. Teknik pengolahan data menggunakan triangulasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu 1). Unitisasi atau kategorian 2). Reduksi data 3). Display data, dan 4). Penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: manfaat yang dapat diterima dan kemudian diterapkan secara langsung oleh peserta didik maupun tenaga pendidik dalam konteks pendidikan. Seperti:Â Â Â memberikan pengaruh positif kepada peserta didik dalam membangun karakter generasi muda bangsa melalui nilai-nilai kearifan lokal. Menumbuhkan kesadaran dalam diri peserta didik untuk selalu mengembangkan dan melestarikan bentuk-bentuk kearifan lokal, dan untuk tenaga pendidik (guru) implementasi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan berbasis kearifan lokal ini menjadi perantara baru untuk menyampaikan materi pendidikan kewarganegaraan yang tentunya akan membangun karakter peserta didik secara tepat.
Precious Play in Morten Søndergaard’s Ordapotek
Authors: Steponavičiūtė Ieva 
Published: September 2019

After touching upon some theoretical aspects of play/game – text analogy, the article focuses on the manifestations of play in the project Wordpharmacy by the Danish author Morten Søndergaard, including its not problem-free relation to the image of the curious child at play.
Feminism with a Good Laugh – Holberg, Irony, and Equal Rights
Authors: Bredsdorff Thomas 
Published: September 2019

Ludvig Holberg was a serious feminist throughout his career. Unlike most Enlightenment philosophers, he insisted on extending the enlightened principle of equal rights to women. He was also a gifted ironist, and employed laughter in his quest for equality, which could be one reason why his feminism has not always been taken seriously. An attempt is made to place Holberg’s irony in a historical perspective, as compared with romantic irony and Kierkegaard’s notion of that intriguing concept.
Compounding in Danish
Authors: Krasnova Elena 
Published: September 2019

Compounding is a major word formation process in Danish. Approaches currently important for examining Danish compounds are outlined, mostly based on two-constituent N+N compounds. We argue that compounding has both specific and universal features in different languages. Different types of compounds in Danish are discussed with focus on elliptical compounds, without direct semantic relations between the components. This comprehensive approach has proved useful as compounds in Danish differ considerably in semantic relations between the components. The experiment shows that for some groups of “popular” words, analogy plays a great role in the creation and interpretation of novel compounds.