bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral blood flow and Alzheimer's disease‐related biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Azuma Shingo , Kazui Hiroaki , Kanemoto Hideki , Suzuki Yukiko , Sato Shunsuke , Suehiro Takashi , Matsumoto Takuya , Yoshiyama Kenji , Kishima Haruhiko , Shimosegawa Eku , Tanaka Toshihisa , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: March 2019

AimAlzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is highly prevalent in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), and the presence of AD pathology may involve regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). In this study, we examined the relationship between rCBF and AD‐related biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid of iNPH patients.MethodsPatients with iNPH (n = 39) were classified into groups with (iNPH/AD+) (n=15) and without (iNPH/AD−) (n=24) high biomarker probability of AD (i.e. combined low amyloid β 42 and high total tau in the cerebrospinal fluid). rCBF was quantified in 17 regions of interest by N‐isopropyl‐p‐[123I]iodoamphetamine single‐photon emission computed tomography with the autoradiography method. We compared rCBF between the iNPH/AD− and iNPH/AD+ groups at baseline using a t‐test and then compared changes in rCBF after shunt surgery between the groups using a paired t‐test and two‐way repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsAt baseline, there were no significant differences in rCBF between the groups in most regions apart from the putamen. After shunt surgery, a significant increase in rCBF in the putamen, amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus was observed in iNPH/AD− patients. In iNPH/AD+ patients, no significant improvement in rCBF was observed in any region. In repeated measures analysis of variance, a significant group × shunt interaction was observed in the parietal lobe, frontal lobe, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, lateral temporal lobe, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and putamen.ConclusionsImprovement in rCBF after shunt surgery in iNPH/AD+ patients may be poorer than that in iNPH AD− patients.
Conducting a Street‐Intercept Survey in an Authoritarian Regime: The Case of Myanmar*
Authors: Buschmann Andy 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveIn this research note, I share my experiences conducting a street‐intercept survey in Yangon, Myanmar. The prestudy aimed to measure postmaterialism among Burmese using Roland Inglehart's four‐item measure. The article discusses the key features and advantages of the street‐intercept survey method in difficult sociopolitical environments, the design and implementation of the study, as well as the results of the survey. Moreover, the ethics one ought to consider in authoritarian regimes are emphasized.MethodsOriginal data were collected via a street‐intercept survey in Yangon, Myanmar.ResultsThe prestudy confirmed the feasibility and the advantages of the street‐intercept survey method in Myanmar. At the same time, in Myanmar, difficulties in the translation of Inglehart's items raise questions regarding the applicability of this particular measure.ConclusionThis note will be useful for researchers intending to collect survey data in Myanmar and other authoritarian regimes.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: March 2019

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 2 Mahmoud Mohammed Sabra, Al Azhar University-Gaza, PalestineGeorge Theocharides, Cyprus International Institute of Management, CyprusRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaIgor Matyushenko, School of Foreign Economic Relations and Touristic Business, UkraineSteven V. Cates, Purdue University-Global, USAMagdalena Zioło, University of Szczecin, PolandVictoria Cociug, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaJolita Vveinhardt, Lithuanian Sports University, LithuaniaIan McFarlane, University of Reading, UKPatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, Debre Berhan University, EthiopiaNicolas Afflatet, University of the Federal Armed Forces, GermanyMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyY. Saidi, M’sila University, AlgeriaSorin Gabriel Anton, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, RomaniaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USASzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaAaron Morey, University of Melbourne, AustraliaFarhat Iqbal, University of Balochistan, Quetta – Pakistan. , PakistanHichem Maraghni, University of Taibah, TunisiaLuca Giordano, CONSOB, ItalyRomeo Victor Ionescu, Dunarea de Jos University, RomaniaSebastian Schich, Organisation for Economic Coopertaion and Development (OECD), FranceNuno Crespo, ISCTE-IUL, PortugalAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelZi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USAAsad K. Ghalib, Liverpool Hope University, UKPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaOlena Sokolovska, Research Institute of Fiscal Policy, State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, UkraineHe Nie, Jinan University, ChinaIbrahim Baghdadi, Lebanese University, LebanonMamdouh Abdelmoula M. Abdelsalam, Minufiya University, EgyptDimitrios Koumparoulis, University of the People, USARajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, InidaZuzana Janko, San Francisco State University, USAKaveh Dalvand, University of Delaware, United States Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
Measurement and Modeling of Heat Partitions and Temperature Fields in the Workpiece for Cutting Inconel 718, AISI 1045, Ti6Al4V, and AlMgSi0.5
Authors: Augspurger Thorsten , Bergs Thomas , Döbbeler Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe quantification of the heat flow distribution in the metal cutting process depending on the cut material and the process parameters is a research area with a long history. However, a quantification of the heat flow distribution between chip, tool, and workpiece is still a not fully solved problem and remains a necessary input value for the further modeling of temperature fields and subsequent tool wear and thermal induced surface alterations, which may impair the workpiece functionality. Thus, the following publication shows the results of orthogonal cutting in order to investigate the heat flow distribution between the chip and workpiece. Therefore, the heat partitions in the cutting process were calculated by a thermodynamic methodology. This methodology considers the temperature rise in the workpiece and the chip, measured by thermography and pyrometry, as the effect of the cutting work dissipated into sensible heat. Four metals, Inconel 718, AISI 1045, Ti6Al4V, and AlMgSi0.5, were cut at varying undeformed chip thicknesses and cutting velocities. By formulating a dimensionless number for the cutting process, the Péclet number, the thermal diffusivity was included as an evaluation criterion of heat partitioning between the chip and workpiece across material properties and process settings. In this way, the validity of the Péclet number as an evaluation criterion for heat partitions in cutting and as a valuable heuristic for process design was confirmed. Another goal was to extend the state of the art approach of empirical process analysis by orthogonal cuts with regard to specific cutting forces into the thermal domain in order to provide the basis for further temperature modeling in cutting processes. The usage of the empirical data basis was finally demonstrated for the analytical modeling of temperature fields in the workpiece during milling. Therefore, the specific heat inputs into the workpiece measured in the orthogonal cuts were transferred to the milling process kinematics in order to model the heat flow into the workpiece during milling. This heat flow was used as input for an existing analytical model in order to predict stationary temperature fields in the milling process for the two-dimensional case.
Phase II clinical trial testing the safety of a humanised monoclonal antibody anti-CD20 in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, ICFEr-RITU2: study protocol
Authors: Sánchez-Trujillo Luis , Jerjes-Sanchez Carlos , Rodriguez David , Panneflek Jathniel , Ortiz-Ledesma Claudia , Garcia-Rivas Gerardo , Torre-Amione Guillermo 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionChronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) treatment targets neurohormonal inhibition; however, our experimental observations and the recent clinical evidence in myocardial infarction and heart transplant patients support the anti-inflammatory pathway as a potential novel therapeutic target. Therefore, we aimed to assess the safety of human monoclonal antibody-CD20 (rituximab) in patients with HFrEF.Methods and analysisWe designed this protocol according to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials guidelines as a phase II, single-centred, single group and prospective clinical trial. We hypothesise that the use of a monoclonal antibody, rituximab, could be a potentially safe new agent in HFrEF management. We will include patients with EF≤40%, New York Heart Association functional class III/IV and unresponsive to standard treatment. We will use a dosing regimen (1000 mg) previously applied to post-transplant patients and patients with rheumatoid arthritis with favourable results, aiming to provide supplementary evidence of safety in patients with HFrEF. We designed strategies tailored to preserving the integrity of patient safety. The date of study initiation will be 29th of May 2019.Ethics and disseminationThe following protocol was approved by IRB committees, and as a requirement, all patients need to sign an informed consent form before being subjected to any procedure prior to the initiation of the study. We are aware that the trial will be run in patients who due to their cardiovascular functional class, have reserved prognosis, with no known therapy that leads to improvement. Hence, this trial searches to establish the safety of an alternative strategy in ameliorating prognosis. Regardless of the study outcomes, whether favourable or not, they will be published. If a favourable outcome is evidenced, it will prompt performing a phase III, efficacy-based study.Trial registration numberThe trial was approved by the IRB (CONBIOÉTICA-19-CEI-011–20161017 and COFEPRIS-17-CI-19-039-003), and registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03332888; Pre-Results).
Spin Properties of Germanium-Vacancy Centers in Bulk and Near-Surface Regions of Diamond
Authors: Pushkarchuk V. A. , Kuten S. A. , Nizovtsev A. P. , Kilin S. Ya 
Published: March 2019

Germanium-vacancy (GeV) centers are now studied extensively due to perspectives of their applications in quantum information processing, nanometrology and nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging. One of the important requirements for these applications is a detailed understanding of the hyperfine interactions in such systems. Quantum chemistry simulation of the negatively charged GeV− color center in diamond is the primary goal of this paper in which we present preliminary results of computer simulation of the bulk H-terminated cluster C[Formula: see text][GeV−]H[Formula: see text], as well as of the surface cluster C[Formula: see text][GeV−]H[Formula: see text]_(100)_H[Formula: see text] having one dangling bond at (1 0 0) surface using the DFT/PW91/RI/def2-SVP level of theory.
Border ownership-dependent tilt aftereffect for shape defined by binocular disparity and motion parallax
Authors: Rideaux Reuben , Harrison William J. 
Published: March 2019

Discerning objects from their surrounds (i.e., figure-ground segmentation) in a way that guides adaptive behaviors is a fundamental task of the brain. Neurophysiological work has revealed a class of cells in the macaque visual cortex that may be ideally suited to support this neural computation: border ownership cells (Zhou H, Friedman HS, von der Heydt R. J Neurosci 20: 6594–6611, 2000). These orientation-tuned cells appear to respond conditionally to the borders of objects. A behavioral correlate supporting the existence of these cells in humans was demonstrated with two-dimensional luminance-defined objects (von der Heydt R, Macuda T, Qiu FT. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 22: 2222–2229, 2005). However, objects in our natural visual environments are often signaled by complex cues, such as motion and binocular disparity. Thus for border ownership systems to effectively support figure-ground segmentation and object depth ordering, they must have access to information from multiple depth cues with strict depth order selectivity. Here we measured in humans (of both sexes) border ownership-dependent tilt aftereffects after adaptation to figures defined by either motion parallax or binocular disparity. We find that both depth cues produce a tilt aftereffect that is selective for figure-ground depth order. Furthermore, we find that the effects of adaptation are transferable between cues, suggesting that these systems may combine depth cues to reduce uncertainty (Bülthoff HH, Mallot HA. J Opt Soc Am A 5: 1749–1758, 1988). These results suggest that border ownership mechanisms have strict depth order selectivity and access to multiple depth cues that are jointly encoded, providing compelling psychophysical support for their role in figure-ground segmentation in natural visual environments. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Figure-ground segmentation is a critical function that may be supported by “border ownership” neural systems that conditionally respond to object borders. We measured border ownership-dependent tilt aftereffects to figures defined by motion parallax or binocular disparity and found aftereffects for both cues. These effects were transferable between cues but selective for figure-ground depth order, suggesting that the neural systems supporting figure-ground segmentation have strict depth order selectivity and access to multiple depth cues that are jointly encoded.
V1 microcircuit dynamics: altered signal propagation suggests intracortical origins for adaptation in response to visual repetition
Authors: Westerberg Jacob A. , Cox Michele A. , Dougherty Kacie , Maier Alexander 
Published: March 2019

Repetitive visual stimulation profoundly changes sensory processing in the primary visual cortex (V1). We show how the associated adaptive changes are linked to an altered flow of synaptic activation across the V1 laminar microcircuit. Using repeated visual stimulation, we recorded layer-specific responses in V1 of two fixating monkeys. We found that repetition-related spiking suppression was most pronounced outside granular V1 layers that receive the main retinogeniculate input. This repetition-related response suppression was robust to alternating stimuli between the eyes, in line with the notion that repetition-related adaptation is predominantly of cortical origin. Most importantly, current source density (CSD) analysis, which provides an estimate of local net depolarization, revealed that synaptic processing during repeated stimulation was most profoundly affected within supragranular layers, which harbor the bulk of cortico-cortical connections. Direct comparison of the temporal evolution of laminar CSD and spiking activity showed that stimulus repetition first affected supragranular synaptic currents, which translated into a reduction of stimulus-evoked spiking across layers. Together, these results suggest that repetition induces an altered state of intracortical processing that underpins visual adaptation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our survival depends on our brains rapidly adapting to ever changing environments. A well-studied form of adaptation occurs whenever we encounter the same or similar stimuli repeatedly. We show that this repetition-related adaptation is supported by systematic changes in the flow of sensory activation across the laminar cortical microcircuitry of primary visual cortex. These results demonstrate how adaptation impacts neuronal interactions across cortical circuits.
Weighting neurons by selectivity produces near-optimal population codes
Authors: Zavitz Elizabeth , Price Nicholas S. C. 
Published: March 2019

Perception is produced by “reading out” the representation of a sensory stimulus contained in the activity of a population of neurons. To examine experimentally how populations code information, a common approach is to decode a linearly weighted sum of the neurons’ spike counts. This approach is popular because of the biological plausibility of weighted, nonlinear integration. For neurons recorded in vivo, weights are highly variable when derived through optimization methods, but it is unclear how the variability affects decoding performance in practice. To address this, we recorded from neurons in the middle temporal area (MT) of anesthetized marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus) viewing stimuli comprising a sheet of dots that moved coherently in 1 of 12 different directions. We found that high peak response and direction selectivity both predicted that a neuron would be weighted more highly in an optimized decoding model. Although learned weights differed markedly from weights chosen according to a priori rules based on a neuron’s tuning profile, decoding performance was only marginally better for the learned weights. In the models with a priori rules, selectivity is the best predictor of weighting, and defining weights according to a neuron’s preferred direction and selectivity improves decoding performance to very near the maximum level possible, as defined by the learned weights. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined which aspects of a neuron’s tuning account for its contribution to sensory coding. Strongly direction-selective neurons are weighted most highly by optimal decoders trained to discriminate motion direction. Models with predefined decoding weights demonstrate that this weighting scheme causally improved direction representation by a neuronal population. Optimizing decoders (using a generalized linear model or Fisher’s linear discriminant) led to only marginally better performance than decoders based purely on a neuron’s preferred direction and selectivity.
A Novel Sensor for Noninvasive Detection of In Situ Stem Water Content Based on Standing Wave Ratio
Authors: Gao Chao , Zhao Yue , Zhao Yandong 
Published: March 2019

Stem water content (StWC = volume of water : volume of stem) is an important physiological parameter for vascular plants. And a better understanding of StWC contributes to solving some research hotspots in forestry, such as drought resistance, cold resistance, precise irrigation, and health assessment. However, there are few noninvasive, in situ, real-time, safe, and low-cost methods for detecting StWC of woody plants. This article presents a novel sensor for noninvasive detection of in situ StWC based on standing wave ratio. Moreover, extensive experiments were conducted to analyze the performance of this sensor including sensitive distance, measuring range, influence factors, and measuring accuracy. The experimental results show that the sensitive distance of StWC sensor is approximately 53 mm in axial direction and 20 mm in radial direction with the measuring range from 0.01 to 1.00 cm3 cm-3. The combined effects of stem EC and temperature on sensor output are significant and it is necessary to correct the error caused by the two factors. Compared with the oven-drying method, StWC sensor has higher measuring accuracy than Testo 606-2 which is a sensor for measuring wood water content and its average error is less than 0.01 cm3 cm-3. In addition, StWC sensor performed very well on the crape myrtle with high sensitivity equal to 1022.1 mV (cm3 cm-3)-1 and measuring results also accorded with the diurnal dynamics of stem water content.
Inhibition of Aberrant IGF-I Signaling in Diabetic Male Rat Retina Prevents and Reverses Changes of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Xi Gang , Wai Christine , Clemmons David 
Published: March 2019

Hyperglycemia results in inhibition of cleavage of integrin-associated protein (IAP) thereby allowing it to bind to SHPS-1 which results in pathophysiologic changes in endothelial function. This study determined if an anti-rat IAP antibody directed against the SHPS-1 binding site which disrupts IAP/SHPS-1 association could inhibit these pathophysiologic changes. The anti-IAP antibody inhibited IGF-I-stimulated SHPS-1, p52Shc, MAP kinase phosphorylation, and proliferation in endothelial cells. To determine if it could reverse established pathophysiologic changes in vivo, this antibody or normal rat IgG F(ab)2 was injected intraperitoneally for 6 weeks into rats that had diabetes for 4 weeks. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed that retinal thickness increased at 4 weeks and this increase was maintained in rats treated with the control antibody for an additional 6 weeks. The increase was reversed by anti-IAP antibody treatment (84.6±2.0 compared to 92.3±2.5 μm, p<0.01). This value was similar to nondiabetic animals (82.2±1.6 μm, p, NS). The anti-IAP antibody also decreased retinal vascular permeability (0.62±0.12 vs. 0.96±0.25%/g/h, p<0.001). To determine if it was effective after local injection, this antibody or control was administered via intravitreal injection. After 3 weeks, retinal thickness increased to 6.4±2.8% in diabetic rats, and IAP antibody treatment prevented this increase (0.8±2.5%, p<0.01). It also prevented the increase of retinal vascular permeability (0.92±0.62 vs. 1.63±0.99%/g/h, p<0.001). Biochemical analyses of retinal extracts showed that the anti-IAP antibody inhibited IAP/SHPS-1 association and SHPS-1 phosphorylation. This resulted in inhibition of AKT activation and VEGF synthesis in the retina: changes associated with increased vascular permeability. We conclude the anti-rat IAP antibody disrupts IAP/SHPS-1 association and attenuates aberrant IGF-I signaling thereby preventing or reversing the progression of retinal pathophysiological changes.