bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malvidin 3‐Glucoside Modulated Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Global Metabolome Disrupted in a Murine Colitis Model Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium
Authors: Liu Fang , Wang Thomas T. Y. , Tang Qingjuan , Xue Changhu , Li Robert W. , Wu Vivian C. H. 
Published: August 2019

ScopeThis study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of the anthocyanin malvidin 3‐glucoside (MV) in alleviating gut dysbiosis using a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).Methods and resultsThe effect of MV on the structure and function of the colon microbiome and microbial metabolism is evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, global metabolomics, and a network algorithm based on the random‐matrix theory. MV ingestion improved histopathological scores and increased IL10 expression in the colon mucosa of colitis mice. While DSS has a profound effect on the gut microbiome and significantly decreases both microbial richness and evenness, MV further reduces evenness but promotes microbial interactions and restores the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio repressed by DSS. Moreover, MV reduces the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, such as Ruminococcus gnavus, in colitis mice and has a strong modulatory effect on microbial co‐occurrence patterns and gut metabolites. In addition, MV reverses several key inflammatory mediators, including sphingolipid metabolites, from elevated levels in DSS colitis mice. As a bioactive ingredient, MV exerts its effect on the gut microbiome in a mechanism that differs from the whole blueberry.ConclusionMV ingestion ameliorates intestinal inflammation by modulating colon epithelium integrity, gut microbiome, and key inflammatory mediators.
Punicalagin, a Pomegranate‐Derived Ellagitannin, Suppresses Obesity and Obesity‐Induced Inflammatory Responses Via the Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Kang Bobin , Kim Chae Young , Hwang Jisu , Jo Kyungae , Kim Singeun , Suh Hyung Joo , Choi Hyeon‐Son 
Published: August 2019

ScopePunicalagin (PCG) is one of the most abundant phytochemicals found in pomegranates. The effects and mechanistic action of PCG on obesity and obesity‐induced inflammatory and oxidant responses are investigated in vitro and in vivo.Methods and resultsThe effect of PCG on adipogenesis is examined using Oil red O staining. The effects and mechanism of action of PCG on inflammatory responses are determined in adipocyte‐conditioned medium (ACM)‐cultured macrophages, a cell‐to‐cell contact system, and a transwell system. The effects of PCG on obesity and obesity‐induced inflammatory/oxidant responses are examined in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. PCG effectively suppresses lipid accumulation in adipocytes and adipocyte‐induced inflammatory responses in adipocyte‐macrophage co‐culture systems. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection indicates that the PCG‐mediated anti‐inflammatory effect is exerted via the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2/Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1(Nrf2/Keap1) pathway. PCG administration results in a significant reduction in body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weights. PCG favorably regulates pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, downregulating nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis demonstrates that PCG differentially modulates the distribution of complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit (CD11c) and cluster of differentiation 206 (CD206). PCG regulates the level of antioxidant and oxidant molecules by activating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling.ConclusionsPCG ameliorates obesity and obesity‐induced inflammatory responses via activation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, suggesting that PCG has potential as an oral agent to control obesity‐mediated diseases.
Metamaterial loaded aperture coupled biodegradable star‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna for WLAN and broadband applications
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Kapoor Pragati , Kumar Pramod , Kumar Jitendra , Kumar Amitesh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe design and development technique for the enhancement of bandwidth and gain using biodegradable star‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna (SDRA) electrified by two cross‐coupled apertures for broadband applications is presented in this article. The SDRA is fabricated using biodegradable PLA, which is a special type of polymer and made from renewable resources instead of nonrenewable petroleum‐based resources using additive manufacturing technique. Broad bandwidth of 37% is achieved by modifying rectangular dielectric resonator antenna with feeding it by two apertures (slots) of unequal length to excite different modes. The combination of the circular‐shaped split‐ring resonator has been used as a metamaterial for gain enhancement, which enhanced the maximum gain of the antenna by ∼5.4 dB (82.7%). The computed average efficiency within the operating band is ∼80.51%. The proposed antenna is circularly polarized at 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna fulfills the bandwidth requirements for the IEEE 802.11a WLAN standards (5.15‐5.35 and 5.725‐5.825 GHz), and it is also suitable for various other applications such as satellite navigation systems, aeronautical and meteorological radio navigation services in C‐band.
A low complexity spectrum shaping scheme for substrate integrated waveguides based on spread reshaping code
Authors: Zhao Yu , Grünheid Rainer , Bauch Gerhard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the microwave and millimeter‐wave transmission regions, substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) is a very promising candidate for the development of circuits and components. The channel of the SIW is a bandpass or high pass filter. This characteristic impedes the conventional baseband transmission using nonreturn‐to‐zero pulse shaping scheme. As an alternative to using mixers to facilitate a passband transmission, this paper proposes a spectrum shaping scheme of low complexity for the channel of SIW, namely spread reshaping code. It aims at matching the spectrum of the transmit signal to the channel frequency response. It facilitates the transmission through the SIW channel while it avoids using carrier modulation and equalization. Simulations reveal a good performance of this scheme, such that, as a result, eye opening is achieved without any equalization or modulation for the respective transmission channels.
A robust segmentation method with triple‐factor non‐negative matrix factorization for myocardial blood flow quantification from dynamic 82Rb positron emission tomography
Authors: Liu Hui , Wu Jing , Sun Jing‐Yi , Wu Tung‐Hsin , Fazzone‐Chettiar Ramesh , Thorn Stephanie , Sinusas Albert J. , Liu Yi‐Hwa 
Published: August 2019

PurposeIn this work, we proposed a triple‐factor non‐negative matrix factorization (TNMF) method to semiautomatically segment the regions of interest (ROIs) of the left ventricular (LV) cavity and myocardium to improve the reproducibility of myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantification from dynamic 82Rb positron emission tomography (PET).MethodsThe proposed TNMF method was evaluated using NCAT phantom simulation with three noise levels. The segmented ROIs, time–activity curves (TACs), and K1 derived from the TNMF method were compared with the ground truth simulated. The TNMF method was further evaluated in two patients each undergone both rest and stress 82Rb PET studies. The TNMF and manual segmentations were implemented by two different observers, and the interoperator variations of MBF and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) were compared between the two methods.ResultsOur simulation results showed that the TNMF method for dynamic PET image segmentation was robust as evidenced by the high Dice similarity coefficient, regardless of high or low count level. The relative bias in K1 estimation was less than 1%. Our patient results also showed that reasonable ROIs for the LV cavity and myocardium could be obtained precisely for patients with and without myocardial perfusion defects. The TACs derived from the TNMF method were highly correlated with those obtained with the manual method (R2 ≥ 0.964). The interoperator variations of MBF and MFR were markedly reduced using the TNMF method.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the TNMF method is highly feasible for semiautomatic segmentation of the LV cavity and myocardium, with the potential to improve the precision of MBF quantification by improving segmentation.
Fast high order difference schemes for the time fractional telegraph equation
Authors: Liang Yuxiang , Yao Zhongsheng , Wang Zhibo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a fast high order difference scheme is first proposed to solve the time fractional telegraph equation based on the ℱℒ2‐1σ formula for the Caputo fractional derivative, which reduces the storage and computational cost for calculation. A compact scheme is then presented to improve the convergence order in space. The unconditional stability and convergence in maximum norm are proved for both schemes, with the accuracy order and , respectively. Difficulty arising from the two Caputo fractional derivatives is overcome by some detailed analysis. Finally, we carry out numerical experiments to show the efficiency and accuracy, by comparing with the ℒ2‐1σ method.
Piezo‐assisted ICSI improves fertilization and blastocyst development rates compared with conventional ICSI in women aged more than 35 years
Authors: Furuhashi Kohyu , Saeki Yoshimi , Enatsu Noritoshi , Iwasaki Toshiroh , Ito Koichi , Mizusawa Yuri , Matsumoto Yukiko , Kokeguchi Shoji , Shiotani Masahide 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposePiezo‐assisted intracytoplasmic sperm injection (Piezo‐ICSI) is reported to be an effective method for inseminating fragile oocytes compared with conventional ICSI (c‐ICSI). However, infertile patient groups suitable for Piezo‐ICSI have not been elucidated. This study was conducted to determine age groups suitable for Piezo‐ICSI using sibling egg controls inseminated by a well‐trained embryologist to reduce technical inequalities.MethodsA total of 947 matured oocytes were inseminated either by Piezo‐ICSI or by c‐ICSI in sibling oocytes as controls. Fertilization (2 pronuclei, PN), survival, and blastocyst development rates on day (D) 5 and D6 after insemination were compared between the Piezo‐ICSI and c‐ICSI groups. Further analyses were applied to groups of women >35 or ≤35 years of age.ResultsThere were no significant differences in fertilization, survival, or blastocyst development rates between the two insemination treatment groups. However, for women >35 years of age, the fertilization (P = .008) and blastocyst development (P = .016) rates with Piezo‐ICSI on D5 and D6 were significantly higher than in those subjected to c‐ICSI.ConclusionsPiezo‐ICSI was useful for inseminating oocytes from women >35 years of age.
Prediction of adverse perinatal outcome by serum placental growth factor and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 in women undergoing induction of labor
Authors: Fiolna M. , Machuca M. , Karampitsakos T. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the additive value of serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1), measured within 24 h prior to induction of labor, to the performance of screening for adverse perinatal outcome provided by maternal risk factors and the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR).MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of 795 singleton pregnancies undergoing induction of labor at ≥ 37 weeks' gestation. Before induction of labor, Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the pulsatility index (PI) in the umbilical artery (UA) and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and maternal blood was obtained for measurement of serum PlGF and sFlt‐1. The measured UA‐PI, MCA‐PI and their ratio (CPR) were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) after adjustment for gestational age, and the measured PlGF and sFlt‐1 were converted to MoM after adjustment for gestational age, maternal characteristics and the machine used for the assays. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors that provided a significant contribution in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome, defined as the presence of any one of Cesarean section for non‐reassuring fetal status in labor, umbilical arterial or venous cord blood pH ≤ 7 and ≤ 7.1, respectively, 5‐min Apgar score < 7 or admission to the neonatal intensive care unit for ≥ 24 h. The detection rate (DR) and false‐positive rate (FPR) in screening for adverse perinatal outcome were determined.ResultsIn pregnancies with adverse perinatal outcome, compared to those without, median serum PlGF MoM was lower (0.44; interquartile range (IQR), 0.30–0.82 vs 0.60; IQR, 0.36–1.07; P = 0.003), but median sFlt‐1 MoM was not significantly different (P = 0.080). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that, in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome, there was significant contribution from maternal risk factors and CPR MoM but not PlGF MoM or sFlt‐1 MoM. The performance of screening for adverse perinatal outcome achieved by maternal risk factors alone (DR of 28.9% at FPR of 10%) was not improved by the addition of CPR (DR of 33.8% at FPR of 10%) (area under the curve, 0.702; 95% CI, 0.654–0.750 vs 0.712; 95% CI, 0.664–0.760; P = 0.233).ConclusionSerum PlGF and sFlt‐1, measured within 24 h prior to induction of labor, do not provide a significant additional contribution to maternal risk factors in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effects of salinomycin and niclosamide on small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer circulating tumor cell lines
Authors: Hochmair Maximilian , Rath Barbara , Klameth Lukas , Ulsperger Ernst , Weinlinger Christoph , Fazekas Andreas , Plangger Adelina , Zeillinger Robert , Hamilton Gerhard 
Published: August 2019

SummaryTumor dissemination and recurrence is attributed to highly resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) which may constitute a fraction of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) constitutes a suitable model to investigate the relation of CTCs and CSCs due to rapid tumor spread and a high number of CTCs. Expansion of five SCLC CTC lines (BHGc7, 10, 16, 26 and UHGc5) in vitro at our institution allowed for the analysis of CSC markers and cytotoxicity of the CSC-selective drugs salinomycin and niclosamide against CTC single cell suspensions or CTC spheroids/ tumorospheres (TOS). Salinomycin exerted dose-dependent cytotoxicity against the SCLC lines but, with exception of BHGc7 TOS, there was no markedly enhanced activity against TOS. Similarly, niclosamide exhibits high activity against BHGc7 TOS and UHGc5 TOS but not against the other CTC spheroids. High expression of the CSC marker CD133 was restricted to three SCLC tumor lines and the BHGc10 CTC line. All SCLC CTCs are CD24-positive but lack expression of CD44 and ABCG2 in contrast to the SCLC tumor lines which show a phenotype more similar to that of CSCs. The stem cell marker SOX2 was found in all CTC lines and SCLC GLC14/16, whereas elevated expression of Oct-3/4 and Nanog was restricted to BHGc26 and UHGc5. In conclusion, the SCLC CTCs established from patients with relapsed disease lack a typical CSC phenotype in respect to chemosensitivity to CSC-selective drugs, surface markers, expression of pluripotent stem cell and transcription factors.
The Difference Between Isolated Flux Transfer Events and Flux Transfer Event Cascades
Authors: Kullen A. , Thor S. , Karlsson T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis flux transfer event (FTE) study is based on 984 FTEs originally identified by Wang et al. (2005, https://doi:10.1029/2005JA011150) in Cluster data. Due to Cluster's orbit, the FTE list exclusively contains events detected at the high‐latitude dayside magnetopause and low‐latitude flanks. The focus of this study is on FTE separation time. The results show that FTEs appearing in cascades are mainly located at the northern dusk and southern dawn magnetopause, while isolated FTEs are equally spread over the region covered by Cluster. This difference may be explained by the different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions during which the subsets occur. For isolated FTEs, average IMF By is close to zero. During such conditions, FTEs are expected to form at arbitrary longitudes along an equatorial merging line. After formation, they propagate northward and southward, causing an equal distribution at higher latitudes. In contrast, FTE cascades typically occur during weakly southward IMF with a negative By component. Their asymmetric distribution at higher latitudes is consistent with both the component and the antiparallel merging model for nonzero By. In both scenarios, newly formed FTEs are expected to move to the northern dusk and southern dawn regions, as observed. Many FTE cascades appearing during northward IMF are located close to the low‐latitude flanks, confirming previous reports. We discovered that such FTEs appear during large IMF values. Another new result is that 16% of all isolated FTEs appear during small IMF cone angles, suggesting that these may form as a result of magnetosheath jets impacting on the magnetopause.
Analyzing EMIC Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere Using Long‐Term Van Allen Probes Observations
Authors: Chen Huayue , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Wang Shui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith 64‐month magnetic data from Van Allen Probes, we have studied not only the global distribution, wave normal angle (θ), and ellipticity (ε) of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, but also the dependence of their occurrence rates and magnetic amplitudes on the AE* index (the mean value of AE index over previous 1 hr). Our results show that H+ band waves are preferentially detected at 5 ≤ L ≤ 6.5, in the noon sector. They typically have small θ (<30°) and weakly left‐hand polarization but become more oblique and linearly polarized at larger magnetic latitudes or L‐shells. With the increase of AE* index, their occurrence rate significantly increases in the noon sector, and their source region extends to dusk sector. He+ band waves usually occur in the predawn and morning sectors at 3 ≤ L ≤ 4.5. They generally have moderate θ (30 ° − 40°) and left‐hand polarization and also become more oblique and linearly polarized at larger latitudes or L‐shells. There is a clear enhancement of occurrence rate and amplitude during active geomagnetic periods, especially in the dusk and evening sectors. O+ band waves mainly occur at 3 ≤ L ≤ 4 in the predawn sector. They have either very small θ (<20°) or very large θ (>50°), and typically linear or weakly right‐hand polarization. During active periods, they mostly occur at the midnight sector and L < 3.5. As a valuable supplement to previous statistical studies, our result provides not only a more compresentive EMIC wave model for evaluating their effects on the radiation belt, but also detailed observational constraints on generation mechanisms of EMIC waves.
Structure of the Collision Zone Between the Nazca Ridge and the Peruvian Convergent Margin: Geodynamic and Seismotectonic Implications
Authors: Contreras‐Reyes E. , Muñoz‐Linford P. , Cortés‐Rivas V. , Bello‐González J. P. , Ruiz J. A. , Krabbenhoeft A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe study the structure and tectonics of the collision zone between the Nazca Ridge (NR) and the Peruvian margin constrained by seismic, gravimetric, bathymetric, and natural seismological data. The NR was formed in an on‐ridge setting, and it is characterized by a smooth and broad shallow seafloor (swell) with an estimated buoyancy flux of ~7 Mg/s. The seismic results show that the NR hosts an oceanic lower crust 10–14 km thick with velocities of 7.2–7.5 km/s suggesting intrusion of magmatic material from the hot spot plume to the oceanic plate. Our results show evidence for subduction erosion in the frontal part of the margin likely enhanced by the collision of the NR. The ridge‐trench collision zone correlates with the presence of a prominent normal scarp, a narrow continental slope, and (uplifted) shelf. In contrast, adjacent of the collision zone, the slope does not present a topographic scarp and the continental slope and shelf become wider and deeper. Geophysical and geodetic evidence indicate that the collision zone is characterized by low seismic coupling at the plate interface. This is consistent with vigorous subduction erosion enhanced by the subducting NR causing abrasion and increase of fluid pore pressure at the interplate contact. Furthermore, the NR has behaved as a barrier for rupture propagation of megathrust earthquakes (e.g., 1746 Mw 8.6 and 1942 Mw 8.1 events). In contrast, for moderate earthquakes (e.g., 1996 Mw 7.7 and 2011 Mw 6.9 events), the NR has behaved as a seismic asperity nucleating at depths >20 km.
The Role of Rain‐on‐Snow in Flooding Over the Conterminous United States
Authors: Li Dongyue , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , Margulis Steven A. , Andreadis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBased on a process‐level modeling of the rain‐on‐snow (ROS) events in the period of 1950 to 2013 and in a warmer climate, we quantify the historical and future runoff contribution from ROS to extreme floods and the source of runoff and snowmelt in large ROS events within the conterminous United States (CONUS). We find that the regions impacted most heavily by ROS include the West Coast, the major mountain ranges of the western interior, the Upper Midwest, the Northeast, and the lower Appalachians. While 70% of extreme (upper 0.1%) runoff events in these regions have some contribution from ROS, the runoff generated during these ROS events accounts for less than 10% of the total extreme flood runoff; the much larger fraction of extreme runoff is from either intense rainfall or clear‐sky snowmelt. Rainfall is the dominant source of runoff in ROS events along the West Coast and over the west‐facing slopes of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada, while snowmelt dominates ROS runoff in the other regions in the CONUS. Net radiation dominates the snowmelt during ROS in the high mountains in the West, while net radiation and turbulent heat flux are equally dominant in the rest of CONUS. Historically, the role of ROS in streamflow extremes is most significant in midelevation areas, but this “significant influence zone” will shift to higher elevations in a warmer future. The future ROS frequency changes exert a first order control on the future change of the runoff contribution from ROS to extreme floods.
Du Bois, Dirt Determinism, and the Reconstruction of Global Value
Authors: Adams Katherine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
W. E. B. Du Bois wrote extensively about African-American cotton growers and the Southern Black Belt, beginning with the sociological studies he conducted while at Atlanta University. Over time, his approach to these subjects became increasingly literary and experimental. He made the region—and specifically its dirt—a medium for analyzing the history and dynamics of racial capitalism, and for imagining forms of value not grounded in the violent extraction and mystification of black labor power. In doing so Du Bois countered the blame narrative developed by white southerners like Alfred Holt Stone, who attributed soil exhaustion and economic stagnation to the “monstrocity” of self-possessed black labor. He dismantles racist figures of black encumbrance, nomadism, and decay in which antebellum theories of climate determinism were retooled to promote new forms of racial exploitation. This essay analyzes Du Bois’s dirt poetics in The Souls of Black Folk (1903) and The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911). Drawing from Ernesto Laclau’s work on the rhetoricity of Marxist social movements, it examines the revolutionary forms of radical contingency that Du Bois discovers at the intersection of linguistic and economic value.