bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shots at school? Public attitudes about vaccination services in school‐based health centers
Authors: Haeder Simon F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVaccination rates have dropped across the United States. Vaccination hesitancy plays a major role in this development, but access barriers are also a contributing factor. Access barriers are particularly prevalent among marginalized populations. School‐based health centers (SBHCs) may be an important factor in reducing these barriers and thus increase vaccination rates. A national survey (N = 4196) fielded from January to April of 2022 to assess U.S. public opinion about seven specific vaccination services (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP); polio; chickenpox; measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR); hepatitis; human papillomavirus (HPV); and COVID‐19) in SBHCs. There was substantial support for the provision of these services ranging from 73.6% to 84.2% with HPV and COVID‐19 receiving the least support and MMR receiving the most support. Consistent correlates of support across all vaccines included ideology, partisanship, trust in principals, rurality, and various common measures of vaccination hesitancy. Cumulatively, vaccination hesitancy measures had substantial effects on public attitudes. Vaccination services in SBHCs are broadly popular and may serve as a tool to increase vaccination rates by lowering take‐up barriers. They may be particularly important for increasing take‐up among traditionally marginalized populations and improving health equity.
Threats posed by land use to water quality in South Africa's strategic water source areas
Authors: Locke Kent Anson , Winter Kevin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the negative impacts of land use/land cover (LULC) on water quality is key to developing effective integrated catchment management strategies. However, in line with the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) philosophy, this necessitates the generation and application of useful scientific knowledge, which stakeholders and policymakers can use to inform coordinated decision‐making processes. To facilitate this, a recently published study reported methods for estimating minimum thresholds of natural vegetation necessary for the maintenance and protection of water quality in South African catchments. The present article discusses the application and implications of these findings, focusing on the vulnerability of South Africa's Strategic Water Source Areas (SWSAs) to land‐use‐related water quality impacts. It emphasizes that, due to the significant land use transformations that have already occurred in these areas, and the consequent likelihood of water quality impairment, there is a need to restore and preserve sufficient areas of natural land cover to protect these strategic water resources from unacceptable levels of contamination.
Approaches to student leadership training in study abroad contexts
Authors: Manning‐Ouellette Amber 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWell‐designed study abroad experiences are beneficial for college students when paired with a leadership training curriculum. Therefore, integrating leadership learning frameworks with culturally competent models of leadership is essential to build global leadership laboratories where students can test their skills abroad. As such, this article offers strategies for planning and developing intentional college student leadership training in study‐abroad settings.
On energy conservation of weak solutions to the α$\alpha$‐type Euler models
Authors: Ye Yulin , Wei Wei , Wang Yanqing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVery recently, Boutros and Titi considered Onsager's conjecture of ‐type Euler models in Besov spaces and with . In this paper, we study the energy conservation of weak solutions to these systems in Lebesgue space and homogenous Sobolev space . Moreover, the corresponding results for the energy and the cross‐helicity of the inviscid ‐magnetohydrodynamic equations are also obtained.
The conceptualization of mobility in the Social Sciences
Authors: Kaufmann Vincent 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Konzept der Mobilität in den Sozialwissenschaften hat ein enormes Potenzial, wenn es gelingt, die räumliche, zeitliche und soziale Dimension des Phänomens in einem breiten und großzügigen Ansatz zu integrieren. Das sozialwissenschaftliche Mobilitätskonzept bietet einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz für die Analyse zeitgenössischer Gesellschaften. Es fungiert als Analyserahmen, der es ermöglicht, die Verflechtung verschiedener Mobilitätsformen zu untersuchen. Ein solcher Rahmen muss Bewegungen zwischen den verschiedenen Bereichen der Sozialwissenschaften sowie zwischen ihren unterschiedlichen Terrains und Themen erfassen können. So kann es gelingen, die großen Herausforderungen zu verstehen, mit denen moderne Gesellschaften konfrontiert sind, einschließlich des Klimawandels, der Globalisierung des Handels und des Anstiegs der Ungleichheiten.
Kasner interiors from analytic hairy black holes
Authors: Areán Daniel , Jeong Hyun-Sik , Pedraza Juan F. , Qu Le-Chen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We conduct an exhaustive study of the interior geometry of a family of asymptotically AdSd+1 hairy black holes in an analytically controllable setup. The black holes are exact solutions to an Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton theory and include the well-known Gubser-Rocha model. After reviewing the setup, we scrutinize the geometry beyond the horizon, finding that these backgrounds can exhibit timelike or Kasner singularities. We generalize the no inner-horizon theorem for hairy black holes to accommodate these findings. We then consider observables sensitive to the geometry behind the horizon, such as Complexity = Anything and the thermal a-function. In the Kasner case, we propose a new variant of complexity that characterizes the late-time rate by the Kasner exponents, extending previous work by Jørstad, Myers and Ruan. Additionally, we elucidate the power-law behavior of the thermal a-function near the singularity, directly relating it to the Kasner exponents. Finally, we introduce axion-like fields in the Gubser-Rocha model to study the impact of translational symmetry breaking on the black hole interior. We show that Kasner singularities occur for both explicit and spontaneous symmetry breaking, with the Kasner exponents depending on the strength of broken translations only in the latter case.
Stratified Ocean Currents with Constant Vorticity
Authors: Quirchmayr Ronald 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We analyze vertically stratified three-dimensional oceanic flows under the assumption of constant vorticity. More precisely, these flows are governed by the f-plane approximation for the divergence-free incompressible Euler equations at arbitrary off-equatorial latitudes. A discontinuous stratification gives rise to a freely moving impermeable interface, which separates the two fluid layers of different constant densities; the fluid domain is bounded by a flat ocean bed and a free surface. It turns out that the constant vorticity assumption enforces almost trivial bounded solutions: the vertical fluid velocity vanishes everywhere; the horizontal velocity components are simple harmonic oscillators with Coriolis frequency f and independent of the spatial variables; the pressure is hydrostatic apart from sinusoidal oscillations in time; both the surface and interface are flat. To enable larger classes of solutions, we discuss a forcing method, which yields a characterization of steady stratified purely zonal currents with nonzero constant vorticity. Finally, we discuss the related viscous problem, which has no nontrivial bounded solutions.
Critical analysis of Echinacea preparations marketed in Germany
Authors: Groß Carina , Seifert Roland 
Published: November 2024

AbstractColds are the most common cause of incapacity to work in 2023 and therefore have a significant impact on the German economy. Echinacea preparations are considered a non-specific immune stimulant that is used as a phytotherapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of colds. In the 2021 ZEIT ranking of the best-selling pharmacy-only medicines in Germany, four Echinacea preparations were among the top ten, and they experienced a new hype during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this study, 22 Echinacea monopreparations, which are approved as herbal medicinal products, were analyzed based on their package inserts. The preparations used in clinical studies were compared with the preparations available on the market with regard to the criteria of plant species used, plant part used, preparation (extract or pressed juice), drug-extract ratio, single dose administered, standardization of the preparations, prior performance of an ingredient analysis, galenics, dosage, duration of administration, and daily dose administered. The analysis revealed that the preparations available on the market are very heterogeneous. The composition can vary considerably in terms of ingredients. For customers, these products appear homogeneous in terms of their presentation on the market. The legal framework conditions promote this situation. The clinical studies are also unable to adequately reflect the market situation. New studies based on market reality, with an analysis of ingredients in the preparations used, a standardized study design, and the inclusion of hematological and biochemical parameters in the evaluation should improve this situation. Days of incapacity for work as an outcome parameter could be well suited.
Evaluating the diagnostic performance of [18F]ALF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in gastric cancer: a comparative study with [18F]FDG PET/CT
Authors: Lv Jinghui , Zheng Kai , Jiang Chengzhi , Yang Jian , Peng Xiang , Ye Hui , Zhang Yanyin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the diagnostic value of [18F]ALF-NOTA-FAPI-04 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in gastric cancer.

Methods
This single-center retrospective analysis included 65 patients with gastric cancer who received both [18F]FDG and [18F]ALF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT for initial staging or restaging. Histopathological manifestations, typical imaging manifestations, follow-up imaging, and comprehensive clinical assessment were used as reference criteria. The uptakes of [18F]FDG and [18F]ALF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. McNemar’s test was employed to compare the diagnostic performance of the two imaging techniques.

Results
A total of 65 patients were included (26 male and 39 female; mean age, 54.03 ± 10.41 years), Among them, 10 were newly diagnosed, 46 underwent radical gastrectomy, and 9 received only chemotherapy prior to the study. Compared with [18F]FDG PET/CT, [18F]ALF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT showed higher sensitivity in primary or recurrent tumors (100% vs. 64.52%, p < 0.001)), lymph node metastases (88.89% vs. 38.89%, p = 0.006), distant metastases (91.18% vs. 50%, p < 0.001). From the semi-quantitative evaluation, the Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and target-to-background ratio of [18F]ALF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT were significantly higher than that of [18F]FDG PET/CT in primary or recurrent tumors, lymph node metastases, and distant metastases (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our study results indicate that [18F]ALF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT outperforms [18F]FDG PET/CT in the detection of primary or recurrent tumors, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis in gastric cancer.

Key Points
QuestionEarly diagnosis and precise staging of gastric cancer are crucial for patient prognosis; however, current imaging techniques still face significant limitations.
Findings [18F]ALF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity than [18F]FDG PET/CT in detecting primary or recurrent tumors and metastases in patients with gastric cancer.
Clinical relevance [18F]ALF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT is an advanced imaging diagnostic technique that significantly enhances the diagnostic accuracy for gastric cancer and its metastatic lesions. This technology provides robust support for clinical decision-making, thereby improving the management of patients with gastric cancer.
Drugs to affect the smooth musculature of the human ureter - an update with integrated information from basic science to the use in medical expulsion therapy (MET)
Authors: Hedlund Petter , Rahardjo Harrina E. , Tsikas Dimitrios , Kuczyk Markus A. , Ückert Stefan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Urolithiasis and symptomatic ureterolithiasis represent diseases known to be on the increase in most westernized countries. The present article aims to give an overview on some drug principles assumed to target signalling systems involved in modulating ureter smooth muscle contractility and to present background to their potential use or prospects in ureter stone disease.

Methods
The article reviews drugs that have been evaluated over the last decades in vitro, in vivo and/or in clinical settings with regard to their properties to achieve spontaneous passage of (distal) ureteral stones and relieve colic pain. Among these drugs are alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, calcium channel blocking agents, Rho kinase inhibitors, nitric oxide (NO) donor drugs, selective inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDEs), as well as potassium channel openers.

Results
Based on the recent scientific information on agents targeting different pathways, antagonists of alpha 1-adrenoceptors, inhibitors of the PDE isoenzymes PDE4 and PDE5 (affecting cyclic AMP- or NO/cyclic GMP-mediated signals that facilitate relaxation of ureter smooth muscle), as well as the combination of certain drugs (for example, PDE5/PDE4 inhibitor plus alpha 1-AR antagonist) seem to be intriguing pharmacological approaches to medical expulsion therapy (MET) in the overall population of patients.

Conclusion
While NO donors, calcium channel antagonists and potassium channel openers may be limited for further development for medical expulsion therapy (MET) due to their systemic effects and a lack of effect on stone clearance, Rho kinase inhibitors should be explored further as a future pharmacological principle in ureteral stone disease.
The Cough Response to Inhaled Mannitol in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Nurmi Hanna M. , Lätti Anne M. , Koskela Heikki O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Inhaled mannitol induces bronchoconstriction and cough. This study aimed to describe the cough response to mannitol among healthy adult subjects.

Methods
125 healthy subjects (aged 18–82 years, 52% females, 50% skin prick test positive) underwent a mannitol test. The coughs were recorded both simultaneously and afterwards from video recordings by two researchers. Three indices were evaluated: The cumulative number of coughs per cumulative dose of mannitol (CDR), cumulative provocative dose of mannitol to cause at least 5 coughs, and the maximal number of coughs provoked by any single mannitol dose. The test was repeated in 26 subjects after 3–7 days.

Results
CDR showed the best repeatability with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.829. Gender was the only characteristics that associated with the cough response: The median CDR was 2.53 (interquartile range 0.45–7.01) coughs/100 mg among females and 0.787 (0.0–3.29) coughs/100 mg among males (p = 0.002). The interquartile range upper limits were defined as the cut-off limits for a normal response. The threshold for a statistically significant change in CDR was 6.26 coughs/100 mg. There was a close correlation between simultaneous- and video-assessed CDR (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.985).

Conclusion
Females cough more than males in response to mannitol. CDR is the most suitable index to describe the cough responsiveness. The repeatability of the response is good. Video recording of the coughs is not mandatory. The cut-off limits for a normal cough response to mannitol were provided.
Late postnatal steroid treatment using oral betamethasone can help to close ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants who cannot be weaned from ventilation
Authors: Remy Aude , Vincent Marine , Pastor-Diez Blandine , Picaud Jean-Charles 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Late postnatal steroids are given to premature infants who cannot be weaned from ventilation because of the possible development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). At that time, some infants still have a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In our experience, the use of betamethasone (BTM) seems to reduce the need for surgical/endovascular treatment of PDA. We evaluated herein the impact of oral BTM on PDA in extremely preterm infants with BPD. Extremely preterm infants (GA < 29 weeks) with PDA and treated with BTM to facilitate extubation/avoid reintubation were included in this retrospective, single-centre study. BTM was administered orally at 0.3 mg/kg/day for 3 days, 0.15 mg/kg/day the following 2 days, and 0.05 mg/kg/day on the last day. An echocardiography was performed before and after BTM treatment. The 51 infants included were born at a median [IQR] GA of 25.7 [25.0–26.7] weeks. At the time of BTM treatment (28 [26–30] days), 94.1% (48/51) were on invasive ventilation, and most (44/48, 91.7%) were extubated after BTM treatment. At that time, nearly all infants had a closed or non-haemodynamically significant PDA (50/51, 98.0%). None required surgical or endovascular treatment after BTM. Adverse effects included transient moderate hypertension (68.6%), transient hyperglycaemia (15.7%), and transient slowing of postnatal weight gain during BTM treatment.

Conclusion: In extremely preterm infants with a severe respiratory condition at 3 weeks of life, oral BTM treatment can help wean invasive ventilation and is associated with PDA closure. It could reduce the need for surgical or endovascular treatment that are associated with serious adverse effects.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05987202.

What is Known:

• Patent ductus arteriosus and bronchopulmonary dysplasia are two most frequent complications of extreme prematurity.

• Betamethasone is one of the corticosteroids used to help wean invasive ventilation in infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

What is New:

• In extremely preterm infants still ventilated after 3 weeks of life and suffering from patent ductus arteriosus, treatment with oral betamethasone facilitated ventilatory weaning

• Oral betamethasone treatment was associated with patent ductus arteriosus closure in almost all infants.
An Enhanced Empirical Model for Predicting Continuous Fracturing in Rock Masses
Authors: Chen Mingwei , Zhang Chengguo , Canbulat Ismet , Saydam Serkan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA reliable empirical prediction of the height of fracturing (HoF) is significant for mining impact assessment and mine sustainability. However, the prediction accuracy is often limited by the parameter and data coverage involved in empirical models. This paper develops a new predictive model that incorporates mining parameters, as well as the proportion and strength of stiff strata, as predictors for enhanced mining impact assessments. A HoF database has been established by sourcing 80 cases from 50 mines in Australia and China. Statistical interpretation identifies positive correlations of HoF to mining height, panel width, and cover depth. Numerical modelling and sensitivity analysis identify that both the proportion and strength of stiff units negatively correlate to HoF and are more significant than bedding plane frequency. The two critical rock parameters are statistically independent and should be considered for enhanced HoF predictions. A predictive model is established by nonlinear regression over the 80 datasets, with both rock parameters involved by mapping to a dimensionless indicator of strata competency considering dimensional consistency. The model is tested with an $${R}^{2}$$

R

2

of 0.84 and more accurate predictions than several historical models regarding 24 new cases. Prediction bounds with a confidence level of 95% are developed considering the rock parameter variability, providing conservative HoF predictions for cases where significant natural features should be preserved for sustainable mining practices. This paper assesses the influence of rock parameters that have not been considered in historical models on continuous fracturing and provides an enhanced empirical method for mining impact assessment.
Reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the inventory of school attendance problems (ISAP)
Authors: Strömbeck Johan , Heyne David , Ferrer-Wreder Laura , Alanko Katarina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSchool attendance problems (SAPs) are heterogenous in nature and thus warrant rigorous assessment prior to intervention. The Inventory of School Attendance Problems (ISAP) is a new instrument that supports a comprehensive assessment of SAPs. This study is the first evaluation of the Swedish version of the ISAP. A web survey comprising the ISAP, School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were administered to a Swedish community sample (n = 399) of secondary school students aged 12–16 years. We employed a cross-sectional design to test the factor structure of the Swedish ISAP using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Additionally, we evaluated internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha and omega total, and we evaluated convergent validity by comparing the ISAP with subscales from the SRAS-R and SDQ. Factor analysis yielded support for a predicted 13-factor model. Despite the Chi-square test indicating a significant misfit, the remaining fit indices suggested an adequate model fit. In this sample, there was adequate internal consistency for most scales. Correlations between ISAP factors and related constructs were generally large and positive. Overall, the findings support the reliability and validity of the Swedish ISAP, indicating its potential as a valuable tool for understanding SAPs among students in community samples. Further research is needed to explore its applicability in clinical samples.
Assimilation and value of injection response data for enhanced contaminated site characterization
Authors: Benavides Höglund Nikolas , Sparrenbom Charlotte , Hugman Rui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCollecting detailed hydrogeological data before, during, and after remediation campaigns is essential for effective management and monitoring of contaminated sites. As in-situ remediation injection treatment becomes more popular, recording the hydraulic response during these events offers an opportunity to collect detailed data on hydrogeological parameters. Often, multiple injections are performed in a grid pattern over an area targeted for treatment, essentially serving as spatially distributed and high-frequency inverse pumping tests. This information, which is often overlooked, can be assimilated into numerical models for enhanced site characterization and improved forecasts of management actions. However, the high pressures during injections often result in hydraulic fracturing. These events can represent temporary or permanent changes in aquifer properties and should be considered when assimilating injection response data into a model to reduce the risk of introducing parameter bias. Four groundwater models were developed for a contaminated site in Sweden, treated with in-situ injections in 2017. The models were designed to evaluate strategies for assimilating injection response data, including alternative weighting schemes and the use of time-varying parameters around injection points to account for hydraulic fracturing during injections. Results show that assigning a higher weight to observations recorded during injections, compared to records of ambient head, combined with the use of time-varying parameters, yielded the best results with the lowest risk of underestimating predictive uncertainty. A subsequent data worth analysis revealed that injection response data provided detailed insights into aquifer properties in the injection zone that were not available from ambient head data alone.