bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of Nanofibers with High Water Adhesion by Electrodeposition of Films of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxypyrrole) and Poly(3,4‐propylenedioxypyrrole) Substituted by Alkyl Chains
Authors: Sane Omar , Diouf Alioune , Dieng Samba Yandé , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWith the aim of controlling the surface hydrophobicity and water adhesion, nanofibrous surfaces were prepared by electropolymerization of 3,4‐ethylenedioxypyrrole (EDOP) and 3,4‐propylenedioxypyrrole (ProDOP) derivatives having various alkyl chains (C3 to C17) grafted to a 3,4‐alkylenedioxy bridge. Depending on whether an EDOP or a ProDOP was used, and the length of the alkyl chain, the surface properties of the resulting polymer were very different. The formation of nanofibrous surfaces was much more favored for ProDOP derivatives. The alkyl chain length has also a huge influence on the formation of nanofibers, and alkyl chains of intermediate length (C9 and C11) gave the best results. Apparent contact angles (θw) of up to 150° were obtained, and the water adhesion properties were highly variable. This work is important for many applications in which the control of interaction forces with a medium is required, such as in oil–water separation membranes or water‐harvesting systems.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Alkylpolyglycosides Induced by High‐Frequency Ultrasound
Authors: Amaniampong Prince Nana , Clément Jean‐Louis , Gigmes Didier , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , García Fernández José M. , Blériot Yves , Chatel Gregory , De Oliveira Vigier Karine , Jérôme François 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe irradiation of concentrated feeds of carbohydrates in alcoholic solution by high‐frequency ultrasound (550 kHz) induces the formation of alkylpolyglycosides (APGs). This work is distinct from previous reports in that it does not involve any (bio)catalyst or activating agent, it takes place at only 40 °C, thus avoiding degradation of carbohydrates, and it selectively yields APGs with a degree of polymerization in a window of 2–7, an important limitation of the popular Fischer glycosylation. This ultrasound‐based technology proved successful with a range of different valuable carbohydrates and alkyl alcohols. The elucidation of the structure of all the produced glycosides strongly suggests that 1,6‐anhydrosugars formed in situ are key intermediate species.
Satellite‐ and field‐based facies mapping of isolated carbonate platforms from the Kepulauan Seribu Complex, Indonesia
Authors: Utami Dwi Amanda , Reuning Lars , Cahyarini Sri Yudawati 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQuantitative facies models from modern carbonate are essential for the interpretation of their fossil counterparts. The isolated carbonate platforms of the Kepulauan Seribu archipelago has many atoll‐like islands with reef belts exposed to bidirectional monsoon winds. Statistical analysis based on texture and composition reveal that there are four sedimentary facies; coral grainstone, coral packstone/grainstone, coral‐mollusc packstone and mollusc wackestone. The occurrence of mollusc wackestone in the lagoon is controlled by water depth, while the sand apron and reef front do not show significant facies separation with water depth. The co‐occurrence of these different facies in the same depth window is contrary to the common thought that changes in bathymetry should be reflected in facies changes. The studied reef systems therefore show aspects of random and ordered facies distribution with respect to water depth. A satellite derived environmental facies map generated by an image analysis algorithm indicates that environmental facies distribution is mainly controlled by water depth, density of seagrass cover and coral abundance. The sand apron can be subdivided into three environmental facies with no, sparse and dense seagrass cover. The deeper water zone can be separated into shallow and deep subtidal parts of lagoons and platform margins. In the lagoon, satellite derived environmental facies directly correlated with sedimentary facies. No direct correlation of environmental facies to sedimentary facies was possible in the sand apron due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the environment. However, the mean sediment grain size is significantly smaller in areas of the sand apron colonized by dense seagrass. This study aims to contribute towards a better understanding of modern equatorial Southeast Asian carbonate systems, delineate modern carbonate facies based on sediment texture and composition with the aid of multivariate statistical analysis combined with statistic based satellite mapping, and give insights regarding the correlation between depositional facies and water depth.
Engineered nanoparticles interact with nutrients to intensify eutrophication in a wetland ecosystem experiment
Authors: Simonin Marie , Colman Benjamin P. , Anderson Steven M. , King Ryan S. , Ruis Matthew T. , Avellan Astrid , Bergemann Christina M. , Perrotta Brittany G. , Geitner Nicholas K. , Ho Mengchi , de la Barrera Belen , Unrine Jason M. , Lowry Gregory V. , Richardson Curtis J. , Wiesner Mark R. , Bernhardt Emily S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite the rapid rise in diversity and quantities of engineered nanomaterials produced, the impacts of these emerging contaminants on the structure and function of ecosystems have received little attention from ecologists. Moreover, little is known about how manufactured nanomaterials may interact with nutrient pollution in altering ecosystem productivity, despite the recognition that eutrophication is the primary water quality issue in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. In this study, we asked two main questions: (1) To what extent do manufactured nanoparticles affect the biomass and productivity of primary producers in wetland ecosystems? (2) How are these impacts mediated by nutrient pollution? To address these questions, we examined the impacts of a citrate‐coated gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) and of a commercial pesticide containing Cu(OH)2 nanoparticles (CuNPs) on aquatic primary producers under both ambient and enriched nutrient conditions. Wetland mesocosms were exposed repeatedly with low concentrations of nanoparticles and nutrients over the course of a 9‐month experiment in an effort to replicate realistic field exposure scenarios. In the absence of nutrient enrichment, there were no persistent effects of AuNPs or CuNPs on primary producers or ecosystem productivity. However, when combined with nutrient enrichment, both NPs intensified eutrophication. When either of these NPs were added in combination with nutrients, algal blooms persisted for >50 d longer than in the nutrient‐only treatment. In the AuNP treatment, this shift from clear waters to turbid waters led to large declines in both macrophyte growth and rates of ecosystem gross primary productivity (average reduction of 52% ± 6% and 92% ± 5%, respectively) during the summer. Our results suggest that nutrient status greatly influences the ecosystem‐scale impact of two emerging contaminants and that synthetic chemicals may be playing an under‐appreciated role in the global trends of increasing eutrophication. We provide evidence here that chronic exposure to Au and Cu(OH)2 nanoparticles at low concentrations can intensify eutrophication of wetlands and promote the occurrence of algal blooms.
Forest restoration as a strategy to mitigate climate impacts on wildfire, vegetation, and water in semiarid forests
Authors: O'Donnell Frances C. , Flatley William T. , Springer Abraham E. , Fulé Peter Z. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClimate change and wildfire are interacting to drive vegetation change and potentially reduce water quantity and quality in the southwestern United States, Forest restoration is a management approach that could mitigate some of these negative outcomes. However, little information exists on how restoration combined with climate change might influence hydrology across large forest landscapes that incorporate multiple vegetation types and complex fire regimes. We combined spatially explicit vegetation and fire modeling with statistical water and sediment yield models for a large forested landscape (335,000 ha) on the Kaibab Plateau in northern Arizona, USA. Our objective was to assess the impacts of climate change and forest restoration on the future fire regime, forest vegetation, and watershed outputs. Our model results predict that the combination of climate change and high‐severity fire will drive forest turnover, biomass declines, and compositional change in future forests. Restoration treatments may reduce the area burned in high‐severity fires and reduce conversions from forested to non‐forested conditions. Even though mid‐elevation forests are the targets of restoration, the treatments are expected to delay the decline of high‐elevation spruce–fir, aspen, and mixed conifer forests by reducing the occurrence of high‐severity fires that may spread across ecoregions. We estimate that climate‐induced vegetation changes will result in annual runoff declines of up to 10%, while restoration reduced or reversed this decline. The hydrologic model suggests that mid‐elevation forests, which are the targets of restoration treatments, provide around 80% of runoff in this system and the conservation of mid‐ to high‐elevation forests types provides the greatest benefit in terms of water conservation. We also predict that restoration treatments will conserve water quality by reducing patches of high‐severity fire that are associated with high sediment yield. Restoration treatments are a management strategy that may reduce undesirable outcomes for multiple ecosystem services.
Habitat‐contingent responses to disturbance: impacts of cattle grazing on ant communities vary with habitat complexity
Authors: Arcoverde Gabriela B. , Andersen Alan N. , Leal Inara R. , Setterfield Samantha A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPredicting community responses to disturbance is a major challenge for both ecology and ecosystem management. A particularly challenging issue is that the same type and intensity of disturbance can have different impacts in different habitats. We investigate how habitat contingency influences ant community responses to disturbance in arid Australia, testing the hypothesis that disturbance has a greater impact in more complex habitats. We also assess the effectiveness of a highly simplified ant assessment protocol that considers larger species only. We sampled ants at 46 sites from two habitats (Chandler, low chenopod shrubland; and mulga, low woodland) with contrasting complexity, using distance from water as a surrogate for variation in grazing intensity. We assessed variation in habitat structural variables (basal area of perennial grass, and cover of herbs, litter, and bare ground) and ant communities in relation to habitat and distance from water, first using data from the entire ant community and then for larger ants (>4 mm body length) only. Site species richness was almost twice as high in mulga, the more structurally complex habitat, than in Chandler, and ant communities in mulga showed far more variation in relation to distance from water. Litter cover was the key environmental variable associated with the interaction between grazing and habitat: it increased with increasing distance from water in mulga and was virtually absent from Chandler. Analysis of only larger species revealed the same patterns of variation in ant abundance, species richness and composition in relation to habitat and grazing as shown by entire ant communities. Our findings support the hypothesis that disturbance impacts on faunal communities increase with increasing habitat complexity. An appreciation of such habitat contingency is important for a predictive understanding and therefore effective management of disturbances such as rangeland grazing. Our findings also show that simplified assessment can provide robust information on the responses of highly diverse ant communities to disturbance, which enhances their feasibility for use as bio‐indicators in land management.
Effect of climate change in lizards of the genusXenosaurus(Xenosauridae) based on projected changes in climatic suitability and climatic niche conservatism
Authors: Berriozabal‐Islas Christian , Rodrigues João Fabrício Mota , Ramírez‐Bautista Aurelio , Becerra‐López Jorge L. , Nieto‐Montes de Oca Adrián 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAccelerated climate change represents a major threat to the health of the planet's biodiversity. Particularly, lizards of the genusXenosaurusmight be negatively affected by this phenomenon because several of its species have restricted distributions, low vagility, and preference for low temperatures. No study, however, has examined the climatic niche of the species of this genus and how their distribution might be influenced by different climate change scenarios. In this project, we used a maximum entropy approach to model the climatic niche of 10 species of the genusXenosaurusunder present and future suitable habitat, considering a climatic niche conservatism context. Therefore, we performed a similarity analysis of the climatic niche between each species of the genusXenosaurus. Our results suggest that a substantial decrease in suitable habitat for all species will occur by 2070. Among the most affected species,X. tzacualtipantecuswill not have suitable conditions according to its climatic niche requirements andX. phalaroanthereonwill lose 85.75% of its current suitable area. On the other hand, we found low values of conservatism of the climatic niche among species. Given the limited capacity of dispersion and the habitat specificity of these lizards, it seems unlikely that fast changes would occur in the distribution of these species facing climate change. The low conservatism in climatic niche we found inXenosaurussuggests that these species might have the capacity to adapt to the new environmental conditions originated by climate change.
Distance and size matters: A comparison of six wildlife camera traps and their usefulness for wild birds
Authors: Randler Christoph , Kalb Nadine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCamera traps are increasingly used in ecological research. However, tests of their performance are scarce. It is already known from previous work that camera traps frequently fail to capture visits by animals. This can lead to a misinterpretation of ecological results such as density estimates or predation events. While previous work is mainly based on mammals, for birds, no data about if and how camera traps can be successfully used to estimate species diversity or density are available. Hence, the goal of our study was an empirical validation of six different camera traps in the field. We observed a total number of N = 4567 events (independent visits of a bird) in 100 different sessions from March 2017 until January 2018 while camera traps were deployed. In addition, N = 641 events are based on a comparison of the two close‐up camera traps especially designed for birds. These events were all directly observed by the authors. Thus, the cameras can be compared against the human observer. To give an overall assessment and a more generalizable result, we combined the data from the six camera traps and showed that bird size category (effect size = 0.207) and distance (effect size = 0.132) are the most important predictors for a successful trigger. Also, temperature had a small effect, and flock size had an impact with larger flocks being captured more often. The approach of the bird, whether it approached the camera frontally or laterally had no influence. In Table , we give some recommendations, based on our results, at which distances camera traps should be placed to get a 25%, 50%, and 75% capture rate for a given bird size.
Morphometric and genetic differentiation among populations of flat‐headed cusimanse (Crossarchus platycephalus) in Nigeria
Authors: Oguntuase Bukola G. , Ogunjemite Babafemi G. , Meisel Richard P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGeographic barriers can partition genetic diversity among populations and drive evolutionary divergence between populations, promoting the speciation process and affecting conservation goals. We integrated morphological and genomic data to assess the distribution of variation in the flat‐headed cusimanse (Crossarchus platycephalus), a species of least conservation concern, on either side of the River Niger in Nigeria. Ecological disturbances affect the conservation status of many other animals in this region. The two populations were differentiated in the snout and fore limbs, with greater morphological diversity in the western population. We used Restriction site Associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) and identified two genotypic clusters in a STRUCTURE analysis. Individuals from the eastern population are almost entirely assigned to one cluster, whereas genotypes from the western population are a mixture of the two clusters. The population from west of the River Niger also had higher heterozygosity. The morphological and population genetic data are therefore in agreement that the population from west of the River Niger is more diverse than the eastern population, and the eastern population contains a subset of the genetic variation found in the western population. Our results demonstrate that combining morphological and genotypic measures of diversity can provide a congruent picture of the distribution of intraspecific variation. The results also suggest that future work should explore the role of the River Niger as a natural barrier to migration in Nigeria.
Powerless people don't yell but tell: The effects of social power on direct and indirect expression of anger
Authors: Petkanopoulou Katerina , Rodríguez‐Bailón Rosa , Willis Guillermo B. , van Kleef Gerben A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExpressing anger can engender desired change, but it can also backfire. In the present research we examined how power shapes the expression of anger. In Study 1, we found that powerless individuals were less inclined to express their anger directly but more inclined to express it indirectly by sharing it with others. Powerless participants’ reluctance to express anger directly was mediated by negative social appraisals. In Study 2, we replicated the effect of power on direct anger expression in a situation in which participants had actual power (or not). Anger was evoked in the laboratory using an ecologically valid procedure, and participants were given an opportunity to express anger. Study 3 showed that powerless participants expected direct anger expression to arouse more anger than fear in the target, whereas the opposite was true for indirect anger expression. Powerful participants always expected to elicit more fear than anger in the target.
The association of insomnia and depressive symptoms with all‐cause mortality among middle‐aged and old adults
Authors: Leggett Amanda N. , Sonnega Amanda J. , Lohman Matthew C. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesInsomnia and depressive symptoms are commonly reported by adults and have independently been found to be associated with mortality, though contrasting findings are reported. Given the high comorbidity and interrelatedness between these symptoms, we tested whether insomnia symptoms explain risk of death independent of depressive symptoms. We examined insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms, in addition to other health and demographic covariates, as predictors of all‐cause mortality.MethodsThe sample included 15 418 adults aged 51 and older drawn from a nationally representative, population‐based study of adults in the United States, the Health and Retirement Study. Cox survival models were used to analyze time to death between the 2002 and 2014 study waves (5 waves). Controlling for health and demographic covariates, in 3 separate models, depressive symptoms and insomnia symptoms were independently and then together considered as risk factors for all‐cause mortality (drawn from the National Death Index).ResultsAfter adjustment for covariates, insomnia symptoms (HR = 1.10, CI:1.07‐1.13) and depressive symptoms (HR = 1.14, CI:1.12‐1.16) each were associated with a greater hazard of death. When considered together, however, depressive symptoms fully accounted for the association between insomnia symptoms and mortality.ConclusionThough their effects are small relative to health and demographic characteristics, both insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms were associated with a greater hazard of death. Yet depressive symptoms accounted for the insomnia association when both were considered in the model. Screening for depression and providing validated treatments may reduce mortality risk in old adults with depressive symptoms.
Long‐term and seasonal hydrologic performance of an extensive green roof
Authors: Todorov Dimitar , Driscoll Charles T. , Todorova Svetoslava 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSustainable strategies such as green roofs have been implemented as stormwater management tools to mitigate disturbance of the hydrologic cycle resulting from urbanization. Green roofs, also referred to as vegetated roofs, can improve the urban landscape by reducing heat island effects, providing ecosystem services, and facilitating the retention and treatment of stormwater. Green roofs have received particular attention because they do not require acquisition and development of land and represent an application of biomimicry in design and construction. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET), antecedent dry period (ADP), and seasonal variation on the run‐off quantity and distribution of an extensive, sedum covered, green roof on a commercial building in Syracuse, NY, USA. The green roof greatly facilitated retention of precipitation events without significant changes over the 4‐year study. The green roof retained on average 95.9 ± 3.6% (6.5 ± 5.6 mm) per rainfall event, with a range from 75% to 99.6% (33.2 to 3.3 mm). However, as precipitation quantity increased, the retention of water decreased. This high water retention capacity was the result of the combined effects of ET, stormwater storage (plants, growth media, and stormwater retention layer), and limited surface run‐off from the roof deck due to variation in the sloping of the green roof and the tapered insulation to the deck drains. The water retention capacity of the green roof did not change significantly between growing and nongrowing seasons. Slightly greater precipitation during the growing season coincided with increased ET. Average potential ET during the growing season was approximately 3 times greater than during the nongrowing season. The hydrologic performance of the green roof was not significantly impacted by an ADP greater than 2 days.