bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erste Ergebnisse der Radioiodtherapie bei multifokaler und disseminierter Autonomie der Schilddrüse unter Verwendung eines TcTUs-adaptierten Dosiskonzepts
Authors: Oexle C. , Moser E. , Reinhardt M. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Die Studie untersucht prospektiv die Wirksamkeit eines an den prätherapeutischen 99mTc-Pertechnetat Uptake der Schilddrüse unter Suppression (TcTUs) angepaßten Dosiskonzeptes zur Radioiodtherapie (RIT) bei Patienten mit multifokaler (MFA) und disseminierter Autonomie (DISA). Dieses Konzept berücksichtigt die gesamte Schilddrüse als Zielvolumen und verwendet Herddosen von 150 Gy bis 300 Gy entsprechend dem TcTUs als Maß für das »autonome Volumen« der Schilddrüse. Methoden: Es wurden 75 Patienten (54 Frauen, 21 Männer; Alter 71 ± 9 Jahre) mit MFA oder DISA ausgewertet. Die Therapie wurde bei Normalwerten für fT3 und fT4 und bei endogener Suppression des TSH durchgeführt. Als Herddosen wurden appliziert: bei einem TcTUs zwischen 1,5-2,5% 150 Gy, bei 2,51-3,5% 200 Gy, bei 3,51-4,5% 250 Gy und bei >4,5% 300 Gy. Die Abschätzung der zu applizierenden Aktivität erfolgte mit einer modifizierten Marinelli-Formel. Als Therapieerfolg galt ein TSH >0,5 mU/l und ein Verschwinden der autonomen Areale im Szintigramm bzw. ein posttherapeutischer TcTU <1,5%. Die mittlere Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 8 ± 4 Monate. Ergebnisse: Die Erfolgsraten betragen im Durchschnitt 92%. Nur in einem Fall kam es zu einer konsekutiven subklinischen Hypothyreose und in einem weiteren Fall trat eine immunogene Hyperthyreose auf. Schlußfolgerung: Die vorliegenden Daten sprechen dafür, daß auch Patienten mit ausgeprägter Autonomie (TcTUs >3,5%) bei einzeitiger Therapie mit einer Erfolgsrate von über 90% mit dem hier vorgestellten Dosiskonzept behandelt werden können. Die Frühhypothyreoserate ist insgesamt sehr niedrig.
Gleichzeitiges Auftreten einer endokrinen Orbitopathie und einer Schilddrüsenautonomie
Authors: Smolarz Kamilla , Dederichs Birgit , Schicha H. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDas gemeinsame Auftreten einer endokrinen Orbitopathie und einer zweifelsfreien Schilddrüsenautonomie könnte mit einer Häufigkeit von 0,05-0,2% erwartet werden. Entgegen dieser erwarteten Zahlen konnten, innerhalb eines Zeitraumes von 10 Jahren, in einer Schild- drüsenspezialambulanz nur 3 Patienten mit diesen Gemeinsamkeiten identifiziert werden. Der mögliche, jedoch offensichtlich nicht vollkommene Schutz vor einer Manifestation einer Immunhyperthyreose durch eine funktionell relevante Autonomie wird diskutiert.
Intercondylar Notch Width in Dogs With and Without Cranial Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Kass P. H. , Toombs J. P. , Aiken S. W. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis prospective study evaluated the intercondylar notch width in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries. The intercondylar notch width was measured in 45 stifles with CCL injuries and 98 normal stifle joints to determine if stifles with CCL injuries have outlet stenosis of the intercondylar notch. A notch width index was calculated in order to compensate for the variety of dog sizes. Stifles with CCL injuries had significantly smaller notch width indices as compared to normal stifles. We concluded that intercondylar notchplasty should be performed if an intra-articular repair of the CCL deficient stifle is planned in order to minimize impingement of the stenotic intercondylar notch on the intra-articular graft.An intercondylar notch width index was determined in 45 stifles with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries and 98 normal stifle joints. Stifles with CCL injuries were found to have significantly smaller intercondylar notch width indices as compared to normal stifles.
Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) in Evaluation of the Proximal Femur after Repair of Proximal Femoral Physeal Fractures in Immature Dogs
Authors: Tillson D. M. , McLaughlin R. M. , Toll Ph. W. , Richardson D. C. , Roush J. K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThin slices of the proximal femora of twelve immature dogs were examined with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, after surgical creation and repair of proximal femoral physeal fractures. A protocol for the subtraction of microvascular barium sulphate was used to eliminate interference from the barium with the determination of bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and volumetric bone mineral density (VBMD). The results showed there was a significant decrease in the BMC (four and eight weeks) and BMD (eight weeks) for the entire proximal femora of the operated side when compared to the non-operated side. Significant decreases were also seen for the BMC of the physeal region at week eight and the VBMD of the metaphyseal area in the two week femora. The findings with DEXA support the clinical findings of femoral neck thinning in proximal femoral physeal fractures that are surgically repaired. The DEXA findings suggest that the quality of the bone of the femoral neck is less as shown by the decreased BMC, BMD and VBMD. Postoperative complications may occur at a higher frequency when such quality changes occur.Dog proximal femora were examined with DEXA after surgical creation and repair of proximal femoral physeal fractures. DEXA findings support clinical findings of femoral neck thining after fracture repair.
Central Tarsal Bone Fracture in Two Dalmatians
Authors: Hay C. W. , Muir P. , Johnson K. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTwo adult female Dalmatians had type III fractures of the left central tarsal bone. In one the fracture occurred during strenuous exercise, while the cause was not identified in the other dog. Open reduction and internal fixation of a large medial bone fragment was achieved with a medial-lateral directed lag screw into the fourth tarsal bone. A 2.7 mm cortical screw was used in one animal and a 4.0 mm partially threaded cancellous screw in the other. At follow-up examination both dogs were free from lameness.Central tarsal bone fractures were repaired using lag screw fixation in two Dalmatians. Other than in racing greyhounds, this fracture is rare in dogs.
Geometric Analysis of the Proximal Medullary Cavity of the Femur in the German Shepherd Dog
Authors: Helsen J. A. , Mulier M. , Mattheeuws D. , Jaecques S. V. N. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryForty-one cadaver femora of German Shepherd dogs were prepared for implantation of a cementless total hip prosthesis by reaming of the proximal medullary cavity with standard orthopaedic instruments. Silicone paste imprints of the cavity were taken and measured with a 3 D laser reflection system. Data were processed statistically according to a geometric model with these parameters: distal diameter Ø

dist
, medio-frontal radius r, laterofrontal angle α, medio-frontal angle β, helix angle γ and increment eccentricity δ

e

. Correlations between body mass and Ø

disv
body mass and r, body mass and β were moderately significant (p <0.05, p <0.06, p <0.05 resp.). Other correlations between body mass and parameters were not significant. Simple weighing of a German Shepherd is not a useful predictor of the internal dimensions of the proximal femur.The distribution of the most important parameter Ø

dist
was compared with the range of Ø

dist
sizes of the iso-elastic veterinary hip prosthesis (IVHP). This comparison showed that the test sample of 41 bones could be fitted with four IVHP sizes. However, 25 femora out of 41 do not fit into the available r values of the IVHP assortment. Less than adequate proximal canal fill will be the result if an IVHP is implanted, unless substantial reaming is done proximomedially.It was shown that measurements on radiographs of intact dog cadaver femora do not yield equivalent results to the imprints. Moreover, comparison of the internal dimensions of the medullary cavity of the human femur showed that a press-fit human prosthesis cannot be geometrically proportional to the IVHP.Dimensions of reamed cavities of forty-one cadaver femora of German Shepherd dogs were measured with a system of silicone imprinting and 3D laser reflectometry. Data were processed statistically according to a geometric model with seven parameters. Correlations between parameters and body mass were moderately significant for three parameters and not significant for the others. Distributions of the geometric parameters were calculated and implications with respect to prosthesis design are discussed. A comparison with geometric parameters obtained from radiographs was made and the significance of the differences is discussed. Finally, a comparison with the geometric parameters of the medullary cavity of the human femur is made.
Dynamic Analysis of In Vivo Segmental Spinal Motion: An Instrumentation Strategy
Authors: Bertram J. E. A. , Gellman K. , Hermanson J. W. , Haussler K. K. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySummary A transducer for measuring threedimensional segmental spinal motion was designed to directly measure dynamic rotations (Rx, Ry and Rz) about three orthogonal axes using an array of liquid metal strain gauges (LMSGs). The configuration of the LMSG array results in differential length changes due to segmental spinal motion. In vitro calibration utilized transducer attachment to Steinmann pins implanted into the dorsal spinous processes of anatomical spinal segments. The response of the LMSGs approximated linearity (R2 ≥0.980) over the calibrated ranges of angular displacement (i.e., ± 5°). On average, artifactual mechanical noise of the LMSGs was <3% of the signal recorded during locomotion. The minimum resolution of the transducer was 0.07 degrees of flexion-extension, 0.46 degrees of lateral bending, and 0.56 degrees of rotation. Average resistive force for all transducers was 0.31 ± 0.05 Nm at the neutral articular position (0°) and 0.51 ± 0.03 Nm at 5° of flexion. Clinically, the modest mechanical resistance of the transducers did not affect spinal mobility nor locomotion. In vivo application of the transducer was demonstrated at thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spinal segments in horses treadmill locomotion. The transducer was designed and tested on an equine model, but may be adapted for other quadrupeds. The dynamic and continuous measure of three-dimensional in vivo segmental spinal motion will provide an important new perspective for evaluating normal and altered spinal motion.A technique was developed for directly measuring threedimensional segmental spinal motion in the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spinal segments in horses during treadmill locomotion. The dynamic and continuous measure of three-dimensional in vivo segmental spinal motion will provide an important new perspective for evaluating normal and altered spinal motion associated with back problems.
Intertarsal and Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis Using a Plantar Approach
Authors: Wilke V. L. , Robinson T. M. , Dueland R. T. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe exposure and convenience of a plantar approach combined with the use of various plates for intertarsal and tarso-metatarsal arthrodesis is reported in four limbs. The approach was straight-forward with good exposure and the design of the new carpal arthrodesis plate uniquely accommodated the plantar tarsometatarsal anatomy.This report in dogs concerns one case of bilateral auto-immune proximal intertarsal subluxation (talocalcaneal-centroquartal), one case of traumatic intertarso-metatarsal luxation and one case of traumatic tarsometatarsal subluxation/fracture. All were treated by arthrodesis using a plantar approach with a plate as primary fixation.
Hirntumortherapie
Authors: Fink R. , Link H. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Therapie der primären Hirntumoren erfährt derzeit einen neuen Schub durch dia-gnostisch und therapeutisch relevante Erkenntnisse im molekularen Bereich. Es werden Defekte der Wachstumsregulation definiert, die in ähnlicher Form auch bei anderen malignen Erkrankungen vorkommen. Gegen diese definierten Defekte werden immer mehr zielgerichtete Therapien mit spezifischen Hemmstoffen verfügbar. Dadurch eröffnen sich neue Perspektiven, die Therapie zu verbessern.
Evaluation of different techniques for percutaneous needle biopsy of synovial membrane in the dog
Authors: Busato A. , Schawalder P. , Rytz U. , Siegfried R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryFour different needles were evaluated for percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) of the synovial membrane (SM) in six different joints (carpus, tarsus, elbow, shoulder, stifle, hip) from eight dog cadavers. Needle biopsies were retrieved with the Parker-Pearson (PP), a novel modified Parker-Pearson (PPM), the Tru-Cut (TC), and the Franklin-Silverman (FS) needles. The success rate of PNB to produce biopsies, of adequate histological quality, was assessed for each needle type and joint. The joints were subsequently surgically opened and standard open SM biopsies were harvested from an adjacent area. The articular cartilage was inspected and graded for damage caused by PNB sampling. The length of the intact synovial lining cell layer (SLCL) and the histological quality of the needle biopsies were compared to the open surgical biopsies. Success rates for the different needles were 49.2% (PPM), 37.5% (PP), 26.7% (TC), and 1.7% (FS). The highest success rates were achieved in the carpus and stifle; the lowest success rate was found in the hip joint. The intact SLCL from the PNB samples was an average of 3.4 times shorter than that of the surgical biopsies. The proportion of the samples with adequate histological quality was 81% for open surgical biopsies and 62% for PNB samples. The FS was found to produce the highest incidence of articular cartilage damage. The application of PNB for SM sampling is a valuable alternative to the open surgical biopsy in dogs. Modifications of the Parker Pearson needle by Arassy and Schumacher and novel modifications introduced by the authors, offer encouraging results, and merit further clinical and research investigations.
The evaluation of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in naturally occurring osteoarthritis of the stifle joint in dogs
Authors: Fitch G. , Evans R. B. , McClure S. R. , Conzemius M. , Dahlberg J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryExtracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has expanded from the original uses of human urinary calculi treatment to veterinary orthopaedic applications. This paper investigates the feasibility and efficacy of treating dogs with osteoarthritis of the stifle joint with ESWT. In this study, dogs with persistent stifle lameness despite previous surgical or medical treatment were either treated with ESWT or served as untreated controls. The more lame rear limb of each dog was determined by force platform analysis. The range of motion (ROM) of the stifle joints was assessed by goniometry. Force platform gait analysis and goniometry were performed on both groups for four visits at threeweek intervals and a final examination four weeks later. Shock wave therapy was performed three times on the treated dogs, once at each of the first three examinations. A placebo treatment consisting of clipping and wetting the hair was performed on the control dogs. The vertical forces were evaluated for objective analysis of treatment response. For peak vertical force (PVF), four of seven treated dogs improved, while only one of five of control dogs improved. The PVF for the within group analysis did not show any significant change for the treated group, however, the control group has a significant decrease (p=0.05) in PVF consistent with an increase in lameness. The range of motion (ROM) of the stifle joint improved in five of seven treated dogs and three of five controls. Dogs in the treated group had a trend toward increased ROM (p=0.07) and a ‘positive slope’ when compared to dogs in the control group which did not have a significant change (p=0.78) and had a negative slope indicating the dogs were developing a decrease in ROM. The subjective data provided by client questionnaire did not show significant difference between groups.
Comparison of tenoscopic and ultrasonographic methods of examination of the digital flexor tendon sheath in horses
Authors: Möbius G. , Ferguson J. , Edinger J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to compare sonographic and tenoscopic findings with the purpose of establishing the accuracy and limitations of ultrasonography as a non-invasive diagnostic modality in evaluating the DFTS and its enclosed tendons. The medical records from 22 horses which underwent tenoscopic desmotomy of the palmar/plantar annular ligament were evaluated in a retrospective study. The qualitative assessment of sonographic and tenoscopic findings were documented for the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS), the palmar/plantar annular ligament (PAL), the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT). The abnormalities diagnosed sonographically within the DFTS were verifiable tenoscopically with a sensitivity of 90.9% and a specificity of 53.8%. The positive predictive value of sonographic examination at the DFTS was 62.5%. The sensitivity of the sonographic examination at the PAL was 68.8%, the specificity was 50% and the positive predictive value 73.3%. Sonographic examination of the SDF tendons revealed abnormal findings in 12 tendons. The tenoscopic examination confirmed these findings on six tendons when they had a pronounced fibrillated or rough tendon surface or tear on the border. Six superficial flexor tendons and seven deep digital flexor tendons had abnormalities seen tenoscopically which were not visible on sonographic examination. Sonographic examination located lesions of the DDFT in four limbs. On tenoscopic examination the lesions could be detected in seven other DDF tendons, including signs of inflammation at the tendon surface that were not seen ultrasonographically (sensitivity 36.4%). Recognition of the limitations of sonographic results should be kept in mind so as not to misinterpret findings, especially if echogenic materials are observed.
Matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase in serum and synovial fluid of osteoarthritic dogs
Authors: Roush J. K. , Schermerhorn T. , Mitchell K. E. , Salinardi B. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo better understand the mechanisms responsible for the pathological processes of osteoarthritis (OA) and to potentially identify a profile of changes that could be predictive of early OA, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in the synovial fluid and serum of normal and osteoarthritic dogs were examined. The concentration of MMP-1 in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritic dogs (0.62 ± 0.16), as measured by densitometry, was significantly higher than that found in control dogs (0.42 ± 0.19) (P = 0.03). The concentration of MMP-1 in the serum of osteoarthritic dogs (0.74 ± 0.16) was significantly less than that found in control dogs (0.87 ± 0.08) (P = 0.05). The concentration of TIMP-2 in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritic dogs (46.2 ± 21.9 ng/ml) was significantly less than that of control dogs (122.0 ± 66.5 ng/ml) (P = 0.009). The concentration of TIMP-2 in the serum of osteoarthritic dogs (116.2 ± 43.1 ng/ml) was not significantly different than that of control dogs (95.1 ± 94.4 ng/ml) (P = 0.554). In addition, a phospho-tyrosine immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to isolate and identify interferonalpha in canine synovial fluid.
Arthrodesis of the tarsometatarsal joint, using type II ESF with acrylic connecting bars in four dogs
Authors: Yeshurun Y. , Shahar R. , Shani J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHyperextension injury of the tarsometatarsal joint (TMTJ) is a debilitating injury and arthrodesis of this joint is often the only procedure that can result in full return to function. Most surgical procedures described for arthrodesis of the tarsometatarsal joint necessitate the use of external, splint or cast, to protect the implants used from fatigue failure. This report describes the successful use of type II external fixator that spans the tarsometatarsal joint in four dogs with hyperextension injury of the tarsometatarsal joint. This technique enables the patient to bear weight on the limb immediately after surgery until bony fusion is achieved, without the need for an additional protecting splint.
An in vitro Comparison of Two Replacement Techniques Utilizing Fascia Lata after Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection in the Dog
Authors: Coetzee G. L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe immediate postoperative biomechanical properties of an “underand-over” cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) replacement technique consisting of fascia lata and the lateral onethird of the patellar ligament, were compared with that of a modified intra- and extracapsular “under-and-over-the-top” (UOTT) method. The right CCL in twelve adult dogs was dissected out and replaced with an autograft. The contralateral, intact CCL served as the control. In group A, the graft was secured to the lateral femoral condyle with a spiked washer and screw. In group B the intracapsular graft was secured to the lateral femoro-fabellar ligament, and the remainder to the patellar tendon. Both CCL replacement techniques exhibited a 2.0 ± 0.5 mm anterior drawer immediately after the operation. After skeletonization of the stifles, the length and cross-sectional area of the intact CCL and CCL substitutes were determined. Each bone-ligament unit was tested in linear tension to failure at a fixed distraction rate of 15 mm/s with the stifle in 120° flexion. Data was processed to obtain the corresponding material parameters (modulus, stress and strain in the linear loading region, and energy absorption to maximum load).The immediate postoperative structural and material properties of the “under-and-over” cranial cruciate ligament replacement technique with autogenous fascia lata, were compared to that of a modified intra- and extracapsular “under-and-over-the-top” (UOTT) method. The combined UOT T technique was slightly stronger (6%), but allowed 2.8 ± 0.9 mm more cranial tibial displacement at maximum linear force.
Evaluation of Experimental Proximal Femoral Physeal Fractures Repaired with Two Cortical Screws Placed from the Articular Surface
Authors: McLaughlin R. M. , Roush J. K. , Tillson D. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryProximal femoral physeal fractures were surgically created unilaterally in twelve immature dogs and repaired using two cortical screws placed in lag fashion from the articular surface into the femoral neck. Four dogs were euthanatized at two, four and eight weeks after surgery and evaluated by gross examination, fine detail radiography, fine detail angiography and histology. Mild to severe injury to the articular cartilage of the acetabulum was observed in all operated joints. Narrowing of the femoral neck was evident on fine detail radiographs and was most severe at week four. Metaphyseal vessels crossed the physis and revascularized the epiphysis with greater than 90% of the epiphysis being revascularized by eight weeks. Operated femora showed histological evidence of physeal disruption and premature physeal closure. Osteocyte death in the epiphysis was evident histologically with viable osteocytes following revascularization and proceeding from distal to proximal through the epiphysis over eight weeks.The healing of proximal fe-moral physeal fractures repaired with two, 2.0 mm cortical screws placed from the articular surface was evaluated by gross evaluation, fine detail radio-graphs and angiographs, and histological examination. Fracture healing and restoration of blood supply was adequate for weight bearing. This technique is acceptable for use in clinical patients.