bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time (3D UTE) MRI of Achilles tendon at 4.7T MRI with comparison to conventional sequences in an experimental murine model of spondyloarthropathy
Authors: Dallaudière Benjamin , Trotier A. , Ribot E. , Verdier D. , Lepreux S. , Miraux S. , Hauger O. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundDue to the very short T2 of its components, the normal anatomy of Achilles enthesis is impossible to define with “conventional” long echo time (TE) T2 sequences. However, this is a common site affected by rheumatologic disease. Early abnormalities related to inflammatory processes are impossible to detect in this location.PurposeTo assess the feasibility of a 3D‐UTE (ultrashort echo time) sequence to evaluate normal and pathological Achilles entheses, determining both anterior fibrocartilaginous and posterior collagenic portions at 4.7T, in a rat model of spondyloarthropathy (SpA) with histological correlation. To assess whether this sequence detects SpA enthesopathy prior to long TE T2 sequences, enabling disease monitoring.Study TypeProspective case–control study.Animal ModelTwelve immunocompetent Wistar male rats imaged before (controls); the model was induced in eight rats (16 tendons) imaged at day 6, day 13, and day 21 with regular sacrifice for ex vivo imaging and histological correlation.Field Strength4.7T Bruker Biospec Systems. 3D balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) and 3D‐UTE sequences, performed at baseline (day 0, n = 12 animals / 24 tendons), day 6 (n = 8/16), 13 (n = 4/8), and day 21 (n = 2/4).AssessmentVisual analysis and signal intensity measurements (signal to noise ratio, SNR) of both bSSFP and UTE images were performed by two independent musculoskeletal radiologists at different locations of the Achilles enthesis and preinsertional area.Statistical TestsNormal and pathological rat values were compared by Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests, as well as interobserver differences. MRI findings were compared against histological data.ResultsThe 3D‐UTE sequence identified the anterior fibrocartilage and posterior collagenic areas of Achilles entheses in all cases. Visual analysis and signal intensity measurements distinguished SpA‐affected entheses from healthy ones at days 6 and 13 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.006, respectively). Neither the normal anatomy of the enthesis nor its pathological pattern could be identified on T2 bSSFP sequences.Data ConclusionUnlike bSSFP T2 sequences, 3D‐UTE sequences enable visualization of normal enthesis anatomy and early detection of abnormalities in pathological conditions.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:127–135.
Can MRI contribute to pulmonary nodule analysis?
Authors: Koo Chi Wan , Lu Aiming , Takahashi Edwin A. , Simmons Curtis L. , Geske Jennifer R. , Wigle Dennis , Peikert Tobias 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThere is no accurate method distinguishing different types of pulmonary nodules.PurposeTo investigate whether multiparametric 3T MRI biomarkers can distinguish malignant from benign pulmonary nodules, differentiate different types of neoplasms, and compare MRI‐derived measurements with values from commonly used noninvasive imaging modalities.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsSixty‐eight adults with pulmonary nodules undergoing resection.SequencesRespiratory triggered diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) fat saturated T2‐weighted imaging, T1‐weighted 3D volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination (VIBE) using CAIPIRINHA (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in a higher acceleration).Assessment/StatisticsApparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T1, T2, T1 and T2 normalized to muscle (T1/M and T2/M), and dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) values were compared with histology to determine whether they could distinguish malignant from benign nodules and discern primary from secondary malignancies using logistic regression. Predictability of primary neoplasm types was assessed using two‐sample t‐tests. MRI values were compared with positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT) to examine if they correlated with standardized uptake value (SUV) or CT Hounsfield unit (HU). Intra‐ and interreader agreements were assessed using intraclass correlations.ResultsForty‐nine of 74 nodules were malignant. There was a significant association between ADC and malignancy (odds ratio 4.47, P < 0.05). ADC ≥1.3 μm2/ms predicted malignancy. ADC, T1, and T2 together predicted malignancy (P = 0.003). No MRI parameter distinguished primary from metastatic neoplasms. T2 predicted PET positivity (P = 0.016). T2 and T1/M correlated with SUV (P < 0.05). Of 18 PET‐negative malignant nodules, 12 (67%) had an ADC ≥1.3 μm2/ms. With the exception of T2, all noncontrast MRI parameters distinguished adenocarcinomas from carcinoid tumors (P < 0.05). T1, T2, T1/M, and T2/M correlated with HU and therefore can predict nodule density. Combined with ADC, washout enhancement, arrival time (AT), peak enhancement intensity (PEI), Ktrans, Kep, Ve collectively were predictive of malignancy (P = 0.012). Combined washin, washout, time to peak (TTP), AT, and PEI values predicted malignancy (P = 0.043). There was good observer agreement for most noncontrast MRI biomarkers.Data ConclusionMRI can contribute to pulmonary nodule analysis. Multiparametric MRI might be better than individual MRI biomarkers in pulmonary nodule risk stratification.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
Perihematomal edema: Implications for intracerebral hemorrhage research and therapeutic advances
Authors: Selim Magdy , Norton Casey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn humans, perihematomal edema (PHE) is considered to be a radiological marker of secondary injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). There is also evidence that PHE might contribute to poor outcome in ICH patients. Given the rising interest in secondary injury after ICH as a therapeutic target, PHE is becoming increasingly used as a proof‐of‐concept surrogate measure to assess the potential efficacy of various therapeutic interventions in clinical trials. We review the pathophysiology of PHE and its evolution, its prognostic significance and relationship to clinical outcomes, and variabilities in its detection and measurement methodologies to determine the advantages versus shortcomings of using PHE as a translational target or radiological marker to examine the efficacy of interventions aiming to mitigate secondary injury in ICH.
Entrepreneurial insights into sustainable marketing: A case study of U.K. music festivals
Authors: Richardson Neil 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEntrepreneurs organizing (or supplying) festivals must quickly align their values with changing consumer perceptions while engaging with a diverse range of stakeholders in an area of often outstanding natural beauty. Having analyzed data from entrepreneurs involved in running and/or delivering music festivals, this paper contributes to studies germane to sustainability by offering refined definitions of sustainable marketing (SM) and a new version of the sustainable marketing benchmarking framework. Although sustainability is a megatrend, SM is the orientation used by marketers who want their strategies to be predicated on the triple bottom line (TBL). As entrepreneurship springs from marketing, sustainable entrepreneurship springs from SM. Conflating existing stakeholder typologies with the attributes of the TBL (namely People‐Planet‐Profit) has identified unique positions thereby creating an original mapping or segmentation tool. Music festivals are worthy of study as the sector is complex and fast changing; hence, entrepreneurs organizing (or supplying) festivals must quickly align their values with changing consumer perceptions while engaging with a diverse range of stakeholders.
Perceptions of Pafos as European Capital of Culture: Tourism stakeholder and resident perspectives
Authors: Farmaki Anna , Christou Prokopis , Saveriades Alexis , Spanou‐Tripinioti Elena 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to qualitatively examine the perceptions of the residents of Pafos regarding the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) title awarded to the city in 2017, in response to the need for greater research on residents' perceptions within the context of cultural events. Utilizing the social exchange theory, the study identifies four types of residents based on their “perceptions” and “involvement in the tourism industry” and concludes that resident support of the ECoC initiative is impaired by the governance structure in place in the awarded city as well as factors emanating from the socio‐political environment.
Nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) score outcomes after septorhinoplasty
Authors: Gerecci Deniz , Casanueva Fernando J. , Mace Jess C. , Annen Alvin , Barrett Dane M. , Kim Michael M. , Wang Tom D. , Smith Timothy L. , Loyo Myriam 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThe time interval at which Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores stabilize after functional septorhinoplasty has not been determined. Our goal was to characterize longitudinal trends of patient‐reported outcomes of nasal obstruction using the NOSE survey instrument following functional septorhinoplasty.Study DesignProspective longitudinal cohort study.MethodsAdult patients (≥18 years) with nasal obstruction who underwent functional septorhinoplasty by three different surgeons at a single academic, tertiary referral center were identified. NOSE scores were obtained preoperatively and prospectively during three postoperative intervals defined as early (1–3 months), middle (4–6 months), and late (≥10 months.) Longitudinal analysis included repeated measures analysis of variance and adjustments for multiple comparisons.ResultsA total of 49 patients met inclusion criteria. For the total cohort, mean NOSE scores significantly improved between preoperative and early postoperative evaluations (71.4, standard deviation [SD] ± 17.0 vs. 24.2, SD ± 19.5; P < .001) but did not significantly change between early and middle (20.6, SD ± 19.1; P = .543) or middle and late (23.1, SD ± 24.9; P > .999) time intervals.ConclusionsPatients with nasal obstruction who undergo functional septorhinoplasty can be expected to have significant improvement in self ‐reported nasal obstruction as early as 1 to 3 months postoperatively with a continued, durable, long‐standing benefit lasting at least 10 months after surgery. Future studies can consider the 3‐month time frame as a proxy for 1 year outcomes to help reduce survey burden.Level of Evidence2c Laryngoscope, 129:841–846, 2019
In‐office procedures for the treatment of benign vocal fold lesions in the awake patient: A contemporary review
Authors: Shoffel‐Havakuk Hagit , Sadoughi Babak , Sulica Lucian , Johns Michael M. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo review available information regarding in‐office procedures for benign vocal fold lesions (BVFL).MethodsPubMed term search on office/awake laryngeal procedures for any of the following specific lesions: Reinke's edema (RE), polyps, nodules, varices, vocal process granuloma, and vocal fold (VF) scar.ResultsIn‐office ablative and nonablative laser procedures have been described for BVFL, including RE, polyps, varices, and granuloma. Fiber‐based lasers used include potassium titanyl phosphate, pulsed dye laser, and more recently CO2. In‐office intralesional steroid injection (ISI) for BVFL targets the inflammatory process involved with the lesion and may induce regression of polyps, nodules, RE, and granuloma. Botulinum toxin‐induced “voice rest” has been described as adjunctive treatment for refractory VF nodules or vocal process granuloma. Most in‐office techniques for treating BVFL rely on induction of lesion regression rather than complete lesion removal, as in conventional operative microsurgery. When treating VF scarring, in‐office procedures aim to alter the wound‐healing process; ISI targets the inflammatory phase and angiolytic lasers target the proliferative phase.ConclusionIn‐office procedures for BVFL apply new technology that can potentially lower risk and cost. Although numerous case series have shown the potential of these procedures, data that thoroughly compares outcomes with those of microlaryngoscopic techniques is needed.Laryngoscope, 129:2131–2138, 2019
Length–volume relationship of lake phytoplankton
Authors: Mittler Udo , Blasius Bernd , Gaedke Ursula , Ryabov Alexey B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe shapes of phytoplankton units (unicellular organisms and colonies) are extremely diverse, and no unique relationship exists between their volume,
V, and longest linear dimension,
L. However, an approximate scaling between these parameters can be found because the shape variations within each size class are constrained by cell physiology, grazing pressure, and optimality of resource acquisition. To determine this scaling and to test for its seasonal and interannual variation under changing environmental conditions, we performed weighted regression analysis of time‐dependent length–volume relations of the phytoplankton community in large deep Lake Constance from 1979 to 1999. We show that despite a large variability in species composition, the
V(L) relationship can be approximated as a power law,
V~L
α, with a scaling exponent
α = 3 for small cells (
L < 25 μm) and
α = 1.7 if the fitting is performed over the entire length range, including individual cells and colonies. The best description is provided by a transitional power function describing a regime change from a scaling exponent of 3 for small cells to an exponent of 0.4 in the range of large phytoplankton. Testing different weighted fitting approaches we show that remarkably the best prediction of the total community biovolume from measurements of
L and cell density is obtained when the regression is weighted with the squares of species abundances. Our approach should also be applicable to other systems and allows converting phytoplankton length distributions (e.g., obtained with automatic monitoring such as flow cytometry) into distributions of biovolume and biovolume‐related phytoplankton traits.
A Self‐Delivery Chimeric Peptide for Photodynamic Therapy Amplified Immunotherapy
Authors: Cheng Hong , Fan Gui‐Ling , Fan Jing‐Hao , Zheng Rong‐Rong , Zhao Lin‐Ping , Yuan Ping , Zhao Xiao‐Ya , Yu Xi‐Yong , Li Shi‐Ying 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a self‐delivery chimeric peptide PpIX‐PEG8‐KVPRNQDWL is designed for photodynamic therapy (PDT) amplified immunotherapy against malignant melanoma. After self‐assembly into nanoparticles (designated as PPMA), this self‐delivery system shows high drug loading rate, good dispersion, and stability as well as an excellent capability in producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). After cellular uptake, the ROS generated under light irradiation could induce the apoptosis and/or necrosis of tumor cells, which would subsequently stimulate the anti‐tumor immune response. On the other hand, the melanoma specific antigen (KVPRNQDWL) peptide could also activate the specific cytotoxic T cells for anti‐tumor immunity. Compared to immunotherapy alone, the combined photodynamic immunotherapy exhibits significantly enhanced inhibition of melanoma growth. Both in vitro and in vivo investigations confirm that PDT of PPMA has a positive effect on anti‐tumor immune response. This self‐delivery system demonstrates a great potential of this PDT amplified immunotherapy strategy for advanced or metastatic tumor treatment.
Occurrence of Atlantic Sturgeon in the St. Marys River, Georgia
Authors: Fox Adam G. , Wirgin Isaac I. , Peterson Douglas L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus is an anadromous species that historically has been found along the Atlantic coast of North America from maritime Canada to the St. Johns River, Florida. Decades of overharvest and habitat loss has resulted in range-wide population declines, and in 2012 the species was listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act as five Distinct Population Segments (DPSs). The extirpation of several populations, including some in the South Atlantic DPS, was identified as an important consideration in the final determination to list this DPS as endangered. In the St. Marys River, Georgia, the second-most southern river within their historical range, Atlantic Sturgeon were thought to have been extirpated for several decades. The objectives of this study were to document the seasonal occurrence of Atlantic Sturgeon in the St. Marys River and to document any evidence of an extant population in the river. During the summers of 2013–2016, we set 533 nets and captured a total of 25 Atlantic Sturgeon, including several age-1, river-resident juveniles. Genetic analyses indicated that these juveniles were descendants of a remnant population that is distinct but more closely related to other populations within the South Atlantic DPS than those in more northern rivers. Using acoustic telemetry, we monitored the movements and habitat use of 14 individual sturgeon in the St. Marys River estuary. Acoustically tagged juveniles resided mainly within the St. Marys River main stem, but we did detect a number of adult migrants using Cumberland Sound on a seasonal basis. Our results indicate that Atlantic Sturgeon persist in the St. Marys River and that the estuary also provides seasonally important habitat for migrating adults from other populations.
6‐Gingerol Improves Ectopic Lipid Accumulation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle of Ageing Rats: Dual Stimulation of the AMPK/PGC‐1α Signaling Pathway via Plasma Adiponectin and Muscular AdipoR1
Authors: Liu Li , Yao Ling , Wang Shang , Chen Zhiwei , Han Tingli , Ma Peng , Jiang Lirong , Yuan Chunlin , Li Jinxiu , Ke Dazhi , Li Chunli , Yamahara Johji , Li Yuhao , Wang Jianwei 
Published: December 2018

ScopeThis study investigates the dual actions of 6‐gingerol in stimulating both plasma adiponectin and muscular adiponectin receptor signaling in naturally ageing rats.Methods and resultsTwenty‐two‐month‐old male SD rats were treated with 6‐gingerol (0.2 mg kg–1, once daily) for 7 weeks. 6‐Gingerol can attenuate age‐associated high plasma triglyceride, glucose, and insulin concentrations under fasting conditions as well as suppress the increase in the HOMA‐IR index and inhibit the decrease of muscular p‐Akt/Akt protein in ageing rats, which indicates an improvement of systemic and muscular insulin sensitivity. Accompanying these changes, treatment with 6‐gingerol attenuates excessive triglyceride accumulation, enhances mitochondrial function, and promotes a transition from a fast‐ to slow‐fiber type and muscle oxidative metabolism in the red gastrocnemius of ageing rats. More importantly, 6‐gingerol not only increases the plasma and adipose tissue adiponectin concentrations, but also elevates muscular AdipoR1 expression and activates downstream AMPK phosphorylation as well as upregulates PGC‐1α in vivo and in vitro.Conclusion6‐Gingerol may improve ectopic lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of ageing rats. These effects rely, at least in part, on the elevated plasma adiponectin concentration and muscle AdipoR1 level to dually activate the AMPK/PGC‐1α signaling pathway.
Design of a UWB biconical antenna with a lightning protection system for surveillance applications
Authors: Pantoja Juan P. , Oliveira Luciano P. de , Hernández‐Figueroa H. E. , Reis Edson C. dos 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article presents, to the best of our knowledge, the study, software simulation and fabrication of a biconical antenna with a lightning protection system operating in a wide frequency range from 20 MHz to 3 GHz. The purpose of this system is to provide protection against atmospheric electric discharge in regions with a high incidence of lightning.
Design of broadband and dual‐polarized dielectric‐filled pyramidal horn antenna based on substrate‐integrated waveguide
Authors: Du Heng , Yu Xutao , Zhang Hui , Chen Peng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA broadband and dual‐polarized dielectric‐filled pyramidal horn antenna based on substrate‐integrated waveguide technology is proposed for Ku‐band (uplink and downlink frequency) bands applications in this letter. The proposed antenna is manufactured by using low‐cost printed circuit boards process. The horn walls are formed by metalized rectangular slots, and the opening of the horn antenna is discretely flared from the bottom to the top layer. In addition, differential feeding networks based on substrate‐integrated coaxial line technology are adopted in the design to realize dual‐linear polarizations. The designed antenna produces horizontal polarized (HP) and vertical polarized (VP) waves in the frequency band of 12.25‐12.75 and 14.0‐14.5 GHz, respectively. The developed antenna has been fabricated and tested. According to the experimental results, the 10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 19.9% is achieved for the horn antenna, and an average gain of around 7.7 dBi with 12.3‐12.9 GHz for HP, and an average gain of around 9.2 dBi with 13.9‐14.5 GHz for VP. The proposed antenna element can be used in arrays to meet the requirements of low side lobes for horn arrays in satellite communications applications.
Quantitative myotonia assessment with a commercially available dynamometer in myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2
Authors: Horáková Magda , Horák Tomáš , Parmová Olesja , Bednařík Josef , Voháňka Stanislav 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The objective of this study was to develop a simple method for quantitative assessment of myotonia in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and DM2, to compare the myotonia severity, and to correlate this objective outcome with a subjective scale, the Myotonia Behaviour Scale (MBS). Methods: A commercially available dynamometer was used for all measurements. The relaxation time after voluntary contraction was measured in 20 patients with DM1, 25 patients with DM2, and 35 healthy controls. Results: The average relaxation time was 0.17 s in controls, 2.96 s in patients with DM1, and 0.4 s in patients with DM2. The correlation between relaxation time and MBS score was significant, 0.627 in patients with DM1 and 0.581 in patients with DM2. Discussion: Our method provides a valid and reliable quantitative measure of grip myotonia suitable as an outcome measure in clinical trials and as part of routine examinations to gather data on the natural history of myotonic disorders. Muscle Nerve 59:431–435, 2019
The requirement for a disease‐specific patient‐reported outcome measure of dysphagia in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
Authors: Côté Claudia , Gagnon Cynthia , Youssof Sarah , sKurtz Nicolette , Brais Bernard 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: There is no patient‐reported outcome (PRO) questionnaire specifically designed to assess oropharyngeal dysphagia in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). To select a suitable questionnaire, content validity of the existing questionnaires must be assessed. This study sought (1) to identify dysphagia‐related symptoms in OPMD and (2) to assess content validity of currently available PRO for the assessment of dysphagia severity in OPMD. Methods: A two‐step literature review was conducted of dysphagia‐related symptom identification and oropharyngeal dysphagia‐related PRO. Symptoms were validated with an expert panel by using a Delphi survey. Content validity of PRO questionnaires was documented through content analysis. Results: Ten PRO questionnaires were identified. None of the questionnaires cover the entire symptom spectrum in OPMD and thus lack content validity. Discussion: The development and validation of a new PRO questionnaire to assess dysphagia in OPMD is required to establish the importance of symptomatic relief from new treatments. Muscle Nerve 59:445–450, 2019