bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Safe Burial Depth Range of Hard Rock Compressed Air Energy Storage Chambers Based on No Plastic Zone Condition
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Sun Zeyuan , Luo Qinyuan , Qian Yuan , Niu Jialun , Wei Chao , Xing Jinquan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The high internal pressure and high surrounding pressure in the surrounding rocks of the compressed air energy storage (CAES) chamber can cause plastic zones, resulting in cracks and affecting the stability of the chamber. This paper proposes a safe burial depth solution method based on elastic and elastic-plastic theories, with the condition that no plastic zone occurs. An approximate method is used to solve the boundary of the plastic zone, and by requiring the plastic zone to be contained within the boundary of the chamber, the range of safe burial depth is determined. The verification, sensitivity and limitation of the solution are finally discussed. The comparison with numerical simulation and previous experimental results proved that the error of this solution is extremely small, and it possess the following advantages: (1) The surrounding rocks remain elastic, ensuring the stability of chambers; (2) Being closed-form solutions, infinite resolution is preserved throughout; (3) Can be directly solved through the air pressure and accessible geomechanical parameters. Further studies found that the range of selectable burial depths is wider, and more suitable as a gas storage cavern site when the lateral pressure coefficient is closer to 1 and the shear strength of the surrounding rocks is higher. The research results have sizable engineering application value for site selection and design of buried depth of CAES chambers.
Artificial seed technology modified for long-term preservation of Lemna aequinoctialis
Authors: NHU PHUONG HOANG THI , Phung Truong Quy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Duckweeds, the Lemnaceae family, are employed in a wide range of industries, including agriculture, animal feed, wastewater treatment, biofuel production, and human food. Duckweeds are therefore also of interest for researchers. However, because to their rapid growth and development and ease of contamination by bacteria and algae during the storage process, duckweed samples require a great deal of time and effort to be maintained. In order to overcome the difficulties in preserving duckweed samples for scientific research, we developed an approach for duckweed storage by modification the ‘artificial seed’ procedure. We found that encapsulation of entire fronds of Lemna aequinoctialis in sodium alginate (3, 4, and 5%) and calcium chloride (150, 200, and 250 mM) were appropriate for maintaining them in a metabolically reduced state. After being stored for two months, there were no obvious variations between artificial seeds having an endosperm composition of ½ DN, DN, and water. After two months, duckweed samples kept in seeds with DN endosperm medium containing 150 mM CaCl2 and 3% sodium alginate recovered the best. Following a year of storage, a noticeable difference could be seen between the treatments with various endosperm medium compositionsThe optimal conditions were encapsulation in an aqueous medium containing 200 mM CaCl2 and 3% sodium alginate. This procedure offers an effective, cost-saving long-term preservation strategy that may be adapted in future for further duckweed species.
Heat Stress Induced Bacterial Tolerance against Phage Facilitates the Evolution of Resistance
Authors: Jiafeng Liu , Zhang Fan , Chen Hao-Ze , Zheng Bo , huang liang , Xiang Ye , Zhang Jing-Ren 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance and tolerance present significant challenges in global healthcare, necessitating alternative strategies such as phage therapy. However, the rapid emergence of phage-resistant mutants poses a potential risk. Here, we investigated bacterial persistence against phages, characterized by heterogeneous survival, analogous to antibiotic persistence. We found that heat treatment enhanced persistence and increase bacterial survival under phage exposure, subsequently promoting the evolution of phage resistance. Further experiments demonstrated that heat stress leads to a reduction in envelope components, thereby inhibiting phage DNA injection. Additionally, this heat-induced reduction resulted in systematic alterations in envelope stress responses, rendering bacteria tolerant to the antibiotic polymyxin while making them hypersensitive to pH changes and immune clearance.Our findings provide novel insights into bacteria-phage interactions and highlight potential challenges in implementing phage therapy in clinical settings.
An Efficient Lightweight Authentication Scheme for Smart Healthcare in IoMT Applications
Authors: Merchant Abdullah , Vamattathil Panchami V , Payattukalanirappel Sharon Justine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), is a network made from various medical infrastructures and sensors connected using wireless body area networks (WBANs). The time-sensitive medical information is cutting-edge for IoMT. The data is crucial for making data-driven decisions and for predictive analytics. However, as IoMT devices increase, there is an exponential growth in the requirement to secure sensitive medical data. While considering the resource-constrained nature of IoMT, an efficient authentication protocol is mandatory to achieve privacy in message transmission. The paper proposes a lightweight authentication scheme for securing communication in smart healthcare systems (LASH) in IoMT. The approach minimizes communication delays by reducing dependency on the central authority, a drawback of the conventional methods. The formal analysis of the authentication scheme is performed using the Scyther tool and informal analysis of the scheme is also done. The analysis shows that the system is resilient against various attacks. The overhead costs of the system were analyzed and compared to recent lightweight authentication schemes. The LASH protocol decreases the communication cost by nearly 48 percent compared to existing authentication methods. Consequently the proposed scheme ensures secure, and efficient authentication while minimizing both computational and communication expenses.
Responses of fungal communities to nitrogen addition in differently aged northern subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests
Authors: Dai Yunze , Yao Liangjin , Chen Miao , Cuong Levan , Cao Ying , Xu Xiaoniu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims: To assess the responses of soil fungal communities to elevated nitrogen (N) deposition across different forest age stages.
Methods and Results: Metagenomic technology was employed to analyze the composition and diversity of soil fungal communities after 7-years of N and N+P (phosphorus) addition across three forest stands of varying ages in the northern subtropical region of China. The results indicated that N addition increased fungal abundance, with a significant effect observed only in the 200-year-old stands (P < 0.05). However, N addition resulted in inconsistent changes in alpha diversity across forest ages. In the 46-year-old stands, N addition notably enhanced the abundance of dominant fungal phyla, classes, genera, and species, although its influence varied with forest age. The primary mechanism by which N addition altered soil fungal communities was through its effects on select soil indices (e.g., NH4+-N, NO3--N, DOC, pH), and this impact differed across forest ages.
Conclusion: Fungal communities in northern subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests of different ages responded variably to N addition.
Significance and impact of the study: Forest age, often overlooked, plays a critical role in shaping the response of soil fungal communities to N deposition. It influences soil C and N cycling by modifying fungal community dynamics across different forest ages.
Mission-capable satellite prediction method for ultra large remote-sensing satellite constellation based on BP neural network
Authors: cong yiqin , mei xiaohan , Liu Tianxi , Guan gongshun , Wei Cheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The number of satellites in the ultra large remote-sensing satellite constellation will be more than 10,000, and the amount of data under control will be huge. The ultra large remote-sensing satellite constellation is often used to deal with sudden, complex and time-sensitive tasks with time-sensitive missions. To accommodate time-sensitive mission requirements, a fast and relatively accurate method of predicting mission satellites is needed. The traditional method performs predicting mission satellites by traversing the satellites of constellation and forecasting satellite orbits. This method is accurate but time-consuming and does not guarantee the timeliness of decisions on the ultra large remote-sensing satellite constellation. In this paper, we propose a new method for predicting mission satellites that does not rely on forecasting satellite orbits. Direct fitting of relationships from satellite orbital parameters, mission initiation time and target position to the performance of an observation mission using a Back-Propagation (BP) neural network. Since there are only 1192 remote-sensing satellites in orbit, this paper generates a set of LEO satellite constellations with 28,800 satellites based on the characteristics of the existing LEO remote-sensing satellites, which are used to generate network training and testing samples. Considering that BP neural networks have residual errors even after optimising all parameters, a fault-tolerant mechanism and a one-vote veto mechanism is used to guarantee the credibility of mission-capable satellite prediction. The results show that for the prediction of mission-capable satellite and the prediction of optimal mission-metric satellite (optimal response time and optimal observation duration), the actual executable probability of the mission-capable satellite as well as the prediction error of the mission-metrics satisfy the requirements to some extent. In addition, since no satellite orbits forecasting is involved, the BP network has a high computational efficiency in the mission-capable satellite prediction, showing good application prospects.
The Double Shadow of Exploitative Leadership: The Lost Path of Affective Commitment and Organization-Based Self-Esteem
Authors: Han Zhiyong , Peng Yingjie , Wang Cai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

As time progresses and self-awareness improves, the importance of employee work well-being has increasingly been recognized. However, research on the factors influencing this phenomenon remains limited, particularly with respect to inhibitory factors. This study obtained data from 355 employees in Chinese enterprises through the administration of a questionnaire survey. A dual-mediation model was constructed to explore the effects of exploitative leadership on employees' work well-being from the perspectives of self-validation theory and social exchange theory. The findings indicate that exploitative leadership has a detrimental effect on employees' work well-being. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that employee affective commitment and organization-based self-esteem serve as mediators in the relationship between exploitative leadership and employees' work well-being. This study effectively supplements the research on exploitative leadership and work well-being, expands the scope of application of self-validation theory and social exchange theory, and provides crucial insights for managers seeking to increase employees' work well-being and improve organizational performance.
Barriers to accessibility of ceftriaxone among adult postoperative patients at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Edith Namakula , Mpirirwe Ruth , Ronald Kiguba 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Access to ceftriaxone is still low, causing 11% of patients not to complete their treatment at health facilities in Uganda; which could increase antimicrobial resistance and poor treatment outcomes. This study aimed to explore the experiences and perspectives of access to ceftriaxone among adult postoperative patients in Mulago Hospital, Uganda.
Methods: We conducted in-depth and key informant qualitative interviews in Mulago National Referral Hospital, among 14 caretakers of adult postoperative patients prescribed ceftriaxone, and 16 healthcare providers, from August to November 2023. In-depth interviews explored experiences of patient caretakers about barriers of access to ceftriaxone from hospital pharmacies. Healthcare providers provided the perspectives on access to ceftriaxone. Data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis.
Results: Two themes emerged from patient caretakers’ experiences and healthcare worker perspectives of access to ceftriaxone. Participants highlighted patient-related themes where ceftriaxone availability affects access. Non-availability of ceftriaxone in the pharmacies, National Medical Store drug delivery time, direct drug procurement schedule, hospital store delivery time to pharmacy units, and medicine budget affect availability of ceftriaxone in the pharmacies. Patient caretakers revealed that pharmacy working hours affect access to ceftriaxone. They revealed that the opening and closing time, night duty coverage, and dispensers availability all affect access to ceftriaxone. Furthermore; patient caretakers revealed that pharmacy location affects access to ceftriaxone. Knowledge about pharmacy location, being given directions to the location, ability to find the location have an effect on accessibility to ceftriaxone. Secondly; participants revealed that human resource affects ceftriaxone access. The staffing levels of the pharmacy department, especially the number of staff per unit, which increases patient waiting time; coupled with lack of staff accommodation at the hospital staff houses affect access. Healthcare workers echoed lack of computerized drug management system to affect inventory management, drug promoters and askaris diversion of patients to outside pharmacies; and the hospital public image affect access.
Conclusion: Strict measures to curb patient diversion to outside pharmacies, hospital pharmacies operating for 24 hours daily, and a computerized medicines management system are needed. Recruitment of pharmacy staff, workshops about attitude change, increase of the medicine and supplies budget for the hospital could improve ceftriaxone access.
Surface settlement of deep foundation pit considering the influence of excavation and freeze-thaw
Authors: Li Yuanxun , Chen Song , Ma Chuan , Shi Jia-gen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In seasonally frozen soil locations, to investigate ground surface deformation resulting from excavation and freeze-thaw cycles, an indoor scale model test was conducted to analyze temperature distribution and water migration in foundation pit soil. This study assessed ground surface settlement patterns under these conditions and devised a calculation model based on maximum settlement values across varying freeze-thaw cycles. The findings demonstrate significant variations in soil temperature near the surface and pit wall, and reveal that water migrates from frozen to unfrozen areas during freeze-thaw cycles. The resulting surface settlement curves from excavation and freeze-thaw cycles exhibit skewed distributions, with the maximum settlement from freeze-thaw cycles approximately 215% greater than that from excavation alone. When it comes to deep foundation pit engineering in seasonally frozen loess locations, pile-anchor supported, the calculation model's results closely align with the measured settlement values.
Implementation Protocol for a Treatment Bundle Targeting Modifiable Risk Factors for Preterm Birth: a stepped wedge implementation study.
Authors: Ramos Bruna Ribeiro de Andrade , Júnior João José Aguera Oliver , Biazotto Bianca Milani , Ferreira Jeniffer Sena Baptista , de Castro Gabrieli Roque , Vicaro Natália Lucatto , Ruiz Júlia Nepomucena , Pizzinato Beatriz Marques , de Campos Karoline , Pedroso Ana Lissa Camargo , Silva Isabela Rodrigues da , Herrera Gabriela Goes , Gimenez Alice Alves , Nunes Nathália Lima Araújo , Silva Gabriele Fernanda Oliveira , Claro Elis Marina Turini , Silveira Rita de Cássia Viveiros da , Menon Ramkumar , Pacagnella Rodolfo de Carvalho , Silva Márcia Guimarães da 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is the main cause of perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Widespread implementation of guidelines for early identification and management of patients at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes is still feeble. This work aims to implement a simple and low-cost bundle to access and manage major modifiable risk factors for PTB.
Methods: We included first trimester pregnant women seen at Health Units from Jaú – SP, where PTB prevalence is 13.4%. The protocol is based on three aspects: a questionnaire to access smoking status and clinical history; Gram staining and of vaginal microbiota evaluation using Nugent’s criteria and evaluation of cervical infections; and transvaginal ultrasound. Pregnant women who smoke and are willing to quit will be treated with auricular acupuncture and referred to a support group if necessary. All patients will be advised on intimate hygiene habits, and those with dysbiosis will be treated. Cervical length will be accessed using transvaginal ultrasound, and those diagnosed with cervical shortening will be treated with vaginal progesterone.
Discussion: Prevention of PTB is difficult to achieve. However, a reduction in rate by targeted and tailored interventions for identifiable and modifiable risk factors is achievable. This study highlights the importance of implementing active measures to reduce PTB risk factors in a high prevalence setting.
Trial registration: The study protocol was retrospectively registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry (ReBec) on October 29th, 2024.
Phosphate Solubilization by Microorganisms in Pyroclastic Material from Half Moon Island in Antarctica: Implications for Astrobiology
Authors: Leal María Angélica Leal , Tovar David , Infante Alexis , Barriga Oscar , Ruíz Elkin Marcelo , Sánchez Jimena , Melgarejo Luz Marina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Microorganisms play a crucial role in the phosphorus cycle, as they mineralize and immobilize organic phosphorus and solubilize and precipitate the inorganic fraction of it. In various regions of the planet, the functional capacity of microorganisms in the solubilization process has been evaluated; however, in polar regions, the difficulty in accessing samples and handling microorganisms presents a limitation for understanding this cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the phosphate-solubilizing capacity of cultivable microorganisms present in volcanic soils of Half Moon Island in Antarctica and their astrobiological implications for Mars. Physicochemical soil analysis, traditional culture techniques, selective media cultivation, and enzymatic activity analysis for soil phosphatase were conducted. Growth of various isolates was observed across different sampling points, with phosphate-solubilizing activity ranging from 14.29–92.31% of the isolates at each sampling point. These bacteria showed a direct relationship with soil calcium content. Phosphatase activity recorded low values, possibly affected by temperature and the low metabolic rate of in situ microorganisms. The findings suggest that microorganisms in Antarctic volcanic soils could contribute to astrobiological exploration on Mars.
RAG Based QA for Low Resource Languages
Authors: Bogale Berhanu , Tegegne Tesfa , Teferra Solomon , Belay Gebeyehu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Question Answering (QA) has been an important research direction in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence. The majority of current large language models (LLMs) that have been fine-tuned concentrate on improving performance on different NLP tasks including question answering with new dataset since the current model does not give accurate results. To adapt the LLM to a specific domain the fine-tuned method have a great impact. However, fine-tuning have a limitation of labeled data. To address such problem we use RAG with LLMs on question answering NLP tasks using different documents. We use Samuael/llama-2-7b-tebot-amharic a fine-tuned LLM for Question answering tasks including RAG techniques. We use publicly available autoregressive language models Samuael/llama-2-7b-tebot-amharic from hugging face as a base model. We use RAG because it helps to augment the knowledge of different documents such as text, doc, xml, html, pdf with large language model. We also fine-tune with LORA method on Amharic (AmharicInstructiondataset) dataset from the hugging face having a collection of more than 100000 records in different domains. Fine-tuning in AI is the process of adjusting the weights and parameters of a pre-trained model on new data to improve its performance on a specific task[2]. Experimental results on 50 test sets for named entity recognition, question answering tasks achieves superior performance compared to general LLMs. We termed a fine-tuned version of Samuael/llama-2-7b-tebot-amharic as llama-2-AmLLM that is optimized for question answering. After fine-tuning the model achieve a BLEU score of 0.4432 on the given test set, significantly exceeding previous state of the art for this task.
Sirtuin1 deficiency could exacerbate melanocyte apoptosis under endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Zhu Jing , Guo Youming , Luo Lingling , Huang Xin , Wei Tianqi , Zuo Baiyi , Liu Guanying , Bu Wenbo , Li Chengrang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Vitiligo is a depigmentation disease caused by the targeted destruction of melanocytes, resulting in skin and hair depigmentation and significant psychological stress. However, the mechanisms underlying its onset and progression remain unclear. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, linked with oxidative stress and autoimmunity, is involved in the development of vitiligo, and prolonged ER stress induces apoptosis. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) might be a key regulator of ER stress.Thus, we explored how Sirt1 modulates ER stress-induced melanocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. We confirmed that Sirt1 affects ER stress-induced apoptosis of melanocyte apoptosis when upon to ER stress in vitro. Sirt1 inhibition aggravated the vitiligo phenotype in mice; thus, Sirt1 protects against the stress response, abating the unfolded protein response. These results suggest that Sirt1 impairment could accelerate melanocyte apoptosis in vitiligo.
Dual-Band Graphene-Based Terahertz Absorber and Tunable by XGBoost
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyed Mohsen , Vaezzadeh Majid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this work, a terahertz absorber with two graphene-based circular split ring resonators (SRR) was designed. The proposed absorber showed two different absorption peaks in a range from 0.1 THz to 13.8 THz. Comparing to the other similar works, the low thickness of 2.2μm of the unit cell and tunability range in optimal state of 7.13 THz to 7.95 THz and 10.19 THz to 10.8 THz, made this designation distinguished regarding the aspects of size and adjustability. Due to the adjustability of the designed sensor to the absorption frequencies, different voltages could be applied to the graphene rings for tuning. To predict what biasing voltages should be applied to the graphene rings, the XGBoost model was employed to estimate the chemical potential of graphene circles in any arbitrary absorption frequencies. A dataset of 1039 samples was provided and 80% of dataset was allocated for training the model and 20% for test. This work also satisfied metamataerial condition of negative refractive index and the absorber demonstrated sensitivity of 2.1 in the refractive index between 1.33 to 1.46 that is used for biomedical purposes. So, this proposed design can be a great choice for biomedical sensing.