bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
«СИЯНИЕ И ЗАКАТ ОРИФЛАММЫ»: ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МОНАРХИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕОЛОГИИ И ПОНЯТИЯ «ОБЩЕГО БЛАГА» ВО ФРАНЦИИ XIII-XV ВЕКОВ, "Средние века"
Authors: Цатурова Сусанна Карленовна 
Published: November 2018

Статья посвящена судьбе орифламмы, военного знамени французских королей XII-XV вв., имевшего сакральный характер. Детально исследуются поводы, оправдывавшие использование орифламмы, начиная с первого упоминания «знамени св. Дионисия» в 1124 г. вплоть до последнего эпизода его поднятия в 1465 г. Фиксируемые в статье изменения этих поводов свидетельствуют о процессе становления публично-правовых полномочий монарха и о перипетиях диалога власти и общества в формулировании понятия «общего блага».
Protein Corona Liposomes Achieve Efficient Oral Insulin Delivery by Overcoming Mucus and Epithelial Barriers
Authors: Wang Aohua , Yang Tiantian , Fan Weiwei , Yang Yiwei , Zhu Quanlei , Guo Shiyan , Zhu Chunliu , Yuan Yongchun , Zhang Tao , Gan Yong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOral delivery of peptide/protein drugs has attracted worldwide attention due to its good patient compliance and convenience of administration. Orally administered nanocarriers always encounter the rigorous defenses of the gastrointestinal tract, which mainly consist of mucus and epithelium barriers. However, diametrically opposite surface properties of nanocarriers are required for good mucus penetration and high epithelial uptake. Here, bovine serum albumin (BSA) is adsorbed to cationic liposomes (CLs) to form protein corona liposomes (PcCLs). The aim of using PcCLs is to conquer the mucus and epithelium barriers, eventually improving the oral bioavailability of insulin. Investigations using in vitro and in vivo experiments show that the uptake amounts and transepithelial permeability of PcCLs are 3.24‐ and 7.91‐fold higher than that of free insulin, respectively. Further study of the behavior of PcCLs implies that BSA corona can be shed from PcCLs as they cross the mucus layer, which results in the exposure of CLs to improve the transepithelial transport. Intrajejunal administration of PcCLs in type I diabetic rats produces a remarkable hypoglycemic effect and increases the oral bioavailability up to 11.9%. All of these results imply that PcCLs may provide a new insight into the method for oral insulin delivery by overcoming the multiple barriers.
Enabling High and Stable Electrocatalytic Activity of Iron‐Based Perovskite Oxides for Water Splitting by Combined Bulk Doping and Morphology Designing
Authors: Dai Jie , Zhu Yinlong , Zhong Yijun , Miao Jie , Lin Bowen , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are crucial for water splitting technology, and perovskite oxides have received tremendous attention as promising candidates due to the compositional flexibility and rich properties. Here, reported is the successful deployment of cost‐effective iron‐based perovskites into efficient water splitting catalysts with both high activity and stability by combined bulk and morphology tuning strategy. Through constructing 3D ordered macroporous (3DOM) structure of LaFeO3 perovskite, approximately twofold and approximately fourfold enhancement in activity for OER and HER, respectively were realized together with much improved OER durability. By a small amount of cobalt doping, both catalytic activity and stability were further improved with activity comparing favorably to or even outperforming Co‐/Ni‐rich perovskite catalysts. Enhanced performance is correlated with optimized Fe/O species, high surface area, and good charge/mass transport.
Repeatable Room Temperature Negative Differential Resistance in AlN/GaN Resonant Tunneling Diodes Grown on Sapphire
Authors: Wang Ding , Su Juan , Chen Zhaoying , Wang Tao , Yang Liuyun , Sheng Bowen , Lin Shaojun , Rong Xin , Wang Ping , Shi Xiangyang , Tan Wei , Zhang Jian , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo , Liu Yinong , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) are candidates for high power terahertz oscillators, and form the basis for understanding the quantum confinement and vertical transport in quantum structures such as quantum cascade lasers and quantum cascade detectors. In this work, repeatable negative differential resistance (NDR) is achieved in AlN/GaN RTDs grown on sapphire substrate by plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy. Two reproducible NDR regions sequentially following two preresonance replicas are demonstrated at room temperature. A current region exhibiting negative correlation with temperature and oscillation‐like features is first identified under reverse bias, which is interpreted as a combined contribution of weak resonant tunneling channels through different bound states in the well. The revealed peak‐to‐valley current ratio ranges from 1.1 to 1.8, and peak current density ranges from 5 to 164 kA cm−2. Using an analytic model, resonant tunneling transports in both bias directions are quantitatively characterized and show good agreements with experiment results, demonstrating the capability of accurate quantum transport control using III‐nitride grown on sapphire substrate. The findings will promote the implementation of low cost III‐nitride monolithic microwave circuits and resonant tunneling structures based on sapphire, SiC, and even silicon substrates.
Improved Hole Injection into Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Using A Black Phosphorus Interlayer
Authors: Ricciardulli Antonio Gaetano , Yang Sheng , Kotadiya Naresh B. , Wetzelaer Gert‐Jan A. H. , Feng Xinliang , Blom Paul W. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe light‐output and efficiency of perovskite based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is limited by hole injection and high leakage current, generated by a high hole injection barrier and poor perovskite morphology, respectively. Here, a feasible strategy is reported to overcome both constraints by introducing 2D black phosphorus (BP) as hole injection layer in the PeLED stack. A continuous film composed of high‐quality, ultrathin, and large BP sheets on top of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate simultaneously improves the hole injection and morphology of the green‐emitting inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite. Inclusion of the BP enhances the external quantum efficiency of CsPbBr3 based PeLEDs from 0.7% to 2.8%.
High Thermoelectric Performance in Polycrystalline SnSe Via Dual‐Doping with Ag/Na and Nanostructuring With Ag8SnSe6
Authors: Luo Yubo , Cai Songting , Hua Xia , Chen Haijie , Liang Qinghua , Du Chengfeng , Zheng Yun , Shen Junhua , Xu Jianwei , Wolverton Chris , Dravid Vinayak P. , Yan Qingyu , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSingle crystalline SnSe is one of the most intriguing new thermoelectric materials but the thermoelectric performance of polycrystalline SnSe seems to lag significantly compared to that of a single crystal. Here an effective strategy for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of p‐type polycrystalline SnSe by Ag/Na dual‐doping and Ag8SnSe6 (STSe) nanoprecipitates is reported. The Ag/Na dual‐doping leads to a two orders of magnitude increase in carrier concentration and a convergence of valence bands (VBM1 and VBM5), which in turn results in sharp enhancement of electrical conductivities and high Seebeck coefficients in the Ag/Na dual‐doped samples. Additionally, the SnSe matrix becomes nanostructured with dispersed nanoprecipitates of the compound Ag8SnSe6, which further strengthens the scattering of phonons. Specifically, ≈20% reduction in the already ultralow lattice thermal conductivity is realized for the Sn0.99Na0.01Se–STSe sample at 773 K compared to the thermal conductivity of pure SnSe. Consequently, a peak thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of 1.33 at 773 K with a high average ZT (ZTave) value of 0.91 (423–823 K) is achieved for the Sn0.99Na0.01Se–STSe sample.
Patterns of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis identified by hierarchical cluster analysis and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Morse Justin C. , Shilts Meghan H. , Ely Kim A. , Li Ping , Sheng Quanhu , Huang Li‐Ching , Wannemuehler Todd J. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Das Suman R. , Turner Justin H. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundOlfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We previously identified several cytokines potentially linked to smell loss, potentially supporting an inflammatory etiology for CRS‐associated olfactory dysfunction. In the current study we sought to validate patterns of olfactory dysfunction in CRS using hierarchical cluster analysis, machine learning algorithms, and multivariate regression.MethodsCRS patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery were administered the Smell Identification Test (SIT) preoperatively. Mucus was collected from the middle meatus using an absorbent polyurethane sponge and 17 inflammatory mediators were assessed using a multiplexed flow‐cytometric bead assay. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to characterize inflammatory patterns and their association with SIT scores. The random forest approach was used to identify cytokines predictive of olfactory function.ResultsOne hundred ten patients were enrolled in the study. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified 5 distinct CRS clusters with statistically significant differences in SIT scores observed between individual clusters (p < 0.001). A majority of anosmic patients were found in a single cluster, which was additionally characterized by nasal polyposis (100%) and a high incidence of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (50%) and aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) (33%). A random forest approach identified a strong association between olfaction and the cytokines interleukin (IL)‐5 and IL‐13. Multivariate modeling identified AERD, computed tomography (CT) score, and IL‐2 as the variables most predictive of olfactory function.ConclusionOlfactory dysfunction is associated with specific CRS endotypes characterized by severe nasal polyposis, tissue eosinophilia, and AERD. Mucus IL‐2 levels, CT score, and AERD were independently associated with smell loss.
Synthesis and Characteristics of Organic Red‐Emissive Materials Based on Phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole
Authors: Liu Chaoyi , Li Jinyu , Man Xiaxia , Liu Hui , Sun Xiaoyi , Liu Futong , Lu Ping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRed emission is one of the three primary colors that are essential for the realization of full‐color displays and solid‐state lightings. A high solid‐state efficiency is a crucial factor for the applications in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, two new donor‐acceptor‐donor type phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole (PIM)‐based derivatives, (2Z,2′Z)‐2,2′‐(1,4‐phenylene)bis(3‐(4‐(1‐phenyl‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)acrylonitrile) (PIDSB) and 2,3‐bis(4′‐(1‐phenyl‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)fumaronitrile (PIDPh), are designed and synthesized. Both of them possess high thermal stabilities. PIDPh shows typical characteristics of aggregation‐induced emission enhancement, while PIDSB displays an aggregation‐caused quenching effect. They both exhibit significant red‐shifted emissions compared with PIM owing to intramolecular charge transfer. In the film state, the emission peaks of PIDSB and PIDPh are located at 538 nm and 605 nm with high photoluminescent quantum yields of 63.82 % and 41.26 %, respectively. The non‐doped OLED using PIDPh as the active layer shows the maximum external quantum efficiency of 2.06 % with a very low efficiency roll‐off, and exhibits the electroluminescent peak at 640 nm with a Commission Internationale de l′Éclairage coordinate of (0.617,0.396), meeting well the criteria of red OLEDs.
Autism is a prenatal disorder: Evidence from late gestation brain overgrowth
Authors: Bonnet‐Brilhault Fréderique , Rajerison Toky A. , Paillet Christian , Guimard‐Brunault Marie , Saby Agathe , Ponson Laura , Tripi Gabriele , Malvy Joëlle , Roux Sylvie 
Published: November 2018

This retrospective study aimed to specify the critical period for atypical brain development in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using prenatal and postnatal head growth parameters. The sample consisted of 80 Caucasian, unrelated, idiopathic patients with ASD born after 1995. Fetal ultrasound parameters (head circumference [HC], abdominal circumference, and femur length) were obtained during the second and third trimesters of gestation. HC at birth and postnatal parameters at 12 and 24 months of age were also collected. Head overgrowth, assessed by HC, was highlighted during the second (20–26 weeks of amenorrhea) and third (28–36 weeks of amenorrhea) trimesters. Normal growth of body fetal parameters indicated that head overgrowth was not because of overall body overgrowth. Moreover, postnatal results replicated previously and reported head overgrowth. A critical time window for atypical brain development in autism is hypothesized to begin from the 22nd week of amenorrhea. This period is critical for cortical lamination and glial activation. A pathophysiological cascade is suggested with interactions between candidate genes and environmental factors. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1635–1642. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryIt is now widely acknowledged in the scientific community, that autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Recent evidence from animal and pathological studies has implicated the in utero period. However, the precise time of onset of abnormal brain development remains unknown. This retrospective study reports novel findings, identifying an atypical head growth trajectory in children with autism, during the in utero period (after the 22nd week of amenorrhea). In the same children, postnatal head overgrowth was also observed. Late gestation is identified as a critical period for atypical brain development underlying autism symptoms.
Improving surgical outcomes through benchmarking
Authors: Staiger R D , Schwandt H , Puhan M A , Clavien P-A 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Benchmarking is a popular quality-improvement tool in economic practice. Its basic principle consists of identifying the best (the benchmark), then comparing with the best, and learning from the best. In healthcare, the concept of benchmarking or establishing benchmarks has been less specific, where comparisons often do not target the best, but the average results. The goal, however, remains improvement in patient outcome. This article outlines the application of benchmarking and proposes a standard approach of benchmark determination in surgery, including the establishment of best achievable real-world postoperative outcomes. Parameters used for this purpose must be reproducible, objective and universal. A systematic approach for determining benchmarks enables self-assessment of surgical outcome and facilitates the detection of areas for improvement. The intention of benchmarking is to stimulate surgeons' genuine endeavour for perfection, rather than to judge centre or surgeon performance.
The neurological phenotype of developmental motor patterns during early childhood
Authors: Kuiper Marieke J. , Brandsma Rick , Lunsing Roelineke J. , Eggink Hendriekje , ter Horst Hendrik J. , Bos Arend F. , Sival Deborah A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionDuring early childhood, typical human motor behavior reveals a gradual transition from automatic motor patterns to acquired motor skills, by the continuous interplay between nature and nurture. During the wiring and shaping of the underlying motor networks, insight into the neurological phenotype of developmental motor patterns is incomplete. In healthy, typically developing children (0–3 years of age), we therefore aimed to investigate the neurological phenotype of developmental motor patterns.MethodsIn 32 healthy, typically developing children (0–3 years), we video‐recorded spontaneous motor behavior, general movements (GMs), and standardized motor tasks. We classified the motor patterns by: (a) the traditional neurodevelopmental approach, by Gestalt perception and (b) the classical neurological approach, by the clinical phenotypic determination of movement disorder features. We associated outcomes by Cramer's V.ResultsDevelopmental motor patterns revealed (a) choreatic‐like features (≤3 months; associated with fidgety GMs (r = 0.732) and startles (r = 0.687)), (b) myoclonic‐like features (≤3 months; associated with fidgety GMs (r = 0.878) and startles (r = 0.808)), (c) dystonic‐like features (0–3 years; associated with asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (r = 0.641) and voluntary movements (r = 0.517)), and (d) ataxic‐like features (>3 months; associated with voluntary movements (r = 0.928)).ConclusionsIn healthy infants and toddlers (0–3 years), typical developmental motor patterns reveal choreatic‐, myoclonic‐, dystonic‐ and ataxic‐like features. The transient character of these neurological phenotypes is placed in perspective of the physiological shaping of the underlying motor centers. Neurological phenotypic insight into developmental motor patterns can contribute to adequate discrimination between ontogenetic and initiating pathological movement features and to adequate interpretation of therapeutic interactions.
Validation of the preoperative controlling nutritional status score as an independent predictor in a large Chinese cohort of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Xu Hang , Tan Ping , Jin Xi , Ai Jianzhong , Lin Tianhai , Lei Haoran , Yang Lu , Wei Qiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPretreatment controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score is a novel index which was used to predict outcomes in cancer patients. We aim to explore the prognostic significance of CONUT score in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).Patients and methodsA total of 662 UTUC patients between 2004 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into three groups based on CONUT score (Normal: 0‐1; Light: 2‐4; Moderate/severe: 5‐12). Associations of CONUT score with oncological outcomes were analyzed using Logistic and Cox regression analysis. Harrell concordance index was used to assess the predictive accuracy of the multivariate models. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to tumor grade and stage.ResultsThe median follow‐up duration was 41 months. Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that high CONUT score was independently associated with high‐grade disease, high pT stage, lymphovascular invasion, sessile carcinoma, variant histology, and positive surgical margins (each P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CONUT score 5‐12 was an independent factor for worse cancer‐specific survival (CSS, hazard ratio [HR]:2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55‐3.68, P < 0.0001), disease recurrence‐free‐survival (RFS, HR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.24‐2.60, P = 0.002), and overall survival (OS, HR: 2.26, 95% CI 1.53‐3.34, P < 0.0001). The estimated c‐index of the multivariate models for CSS, RFS, and OS increased from 0.755, 0.715 and 0.745 to 0.772, 0.723, and 0.756 when CONUT score supplemented. Subgroup analyses showed that especially in patients with high‐grade carcinoma and advanced stage (≥pT3), higher CONUT score predicts decreased CSS, RFS, and OS (all P < 0.05).ConclusionPreoperative CONUT score is a negative independent prognostic indicator for both pathologic and survival outcomes in UTUC, especially in those with high‐grade carcinoma and advanced stage. Adding this parameter into our clinical prediction model is appropriate so as to improve its predictive accuracy.
A rare case of hepatosplenic gamma‐delta T‐cell lymphoma and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Brandt Philip H. , Rahmat Leena T. , Ali Syed S. 
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical MessageHepatosplenic gamma‐delta T‐cell lymphoma with concurrent hemophogocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare but well‐recognized clinical scenario, associated with a grim prognosis. Clinicians must be aware of this aggressive type of lymphoma so that a prompt diagnosis can be made with timely initiation of systemic therapy and referral for bone marrow transplant.
Value for the calorie?—Corporate social responsibility and benchmarking analysis of calorie efficiency in food retailing
Authors: Jensen Jørgen Dejgård , Sommer Iben , Hansen Gitte Laub 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe potential role of food retailing as a determinant for the growth in obesity prevalence has been the subject of a number of studies in the literature. This paper develops and demonstrates a corporate social responsibility evaluation tool—calorie efficiency—to benchmark a specific retail chain's corporate sustainability performance in promoting healthier food choice at the consumers, based on household panel shopping data for five food categories. The studied retail chain has performed slightly better than its closest competitors for four of the five product categories, when adjusted for changes in the retailers' customer population. The results demonstrate the importance of adjusting for changes in customer population when undertaking such benchmarking—especially when the food retail sector undergoes substantial structural developments. The developed framework can rather straightforwardly be transferred to other domains, such as business activities' impacts on climate change or the environment.
Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of vitreous specimens does not contribute to diagnosis of lymphoma without supporting morphologic features
Authors: Cantu Colby A. , Green Cynthia L. , Cummings Thomas J. , Liu Beiyu , Dash Rajesh C. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundDiagnostic vitrectomy with flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCI) is being increasingly used as part of screening for diagnostically challenging cases. We aim to evaluate the utility of combined cytopathology and FCI in diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy. We also aim to evaluate cytologic features that could potentially predict FCI outcomes. This study provides clearer indications for use of FCI in diagnostic vitrectomy.MethodsA case series of diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy specimens from 2010 to 2016 from a single institution was retrospectively evaluated. Associations between cytologic features and FCI were analyzed statistically.ResultsNinety‐nine vitrectomy specimens (90 patients) were evaluated. Evaluation was diagnostic in 39 of 99 (39.4%) specimens. FCI was performed in 66 of 73 (90.4%) specimens collected for lymphoma indication, and 9 of those 66 FCIs (13.6%) demonstrated abnormal lymphocytes. FCI was performed in 10 of 26 (38.5%) specimens collected for non‐lymphomatous indications; all 10 FCIs failed to demonstrate lymphocyte abnormality. The absence of large lymphocytes frequently demonstrated negative FCI (negative predictive value = 97.7%), and was the sole cytologic feature significantly associated with a negative FCI result [OR, 14.0; 95% CI, 1.65‐635.6; P = .034].ConclusionsDiagnostic vitrectomy with cytopathology evaluation is valuable, and concomitant FCI is useful to confirm intraocular lymphoma. However, the absence of large lymphocytes on cytologic examination is the single significant predictor of a negative FCI, and this finding should preclude the use of FCI.