bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host determinants of among-species variation in microbiome composition in drosophilid flies
Authors: Adair Karen L , Bost Alyssa , Bueno Eduardo , Kaunisto Sirpa , Kortet Raine , Peters-Schulze Grace , Martinson Vincent G , Douglas Angela E 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe taxonomic composition of microbial communities in animals varies among animal species, but the contribution of interspecific differences in filtering of the microbial pool by the animal host to this variation is uncertain. Here, we demonstrate significant interspecific variation in microbial community composition among laboratory-reared Drosophila species that was not related to host phylogeny. Complementary reciprocal transfer experiments yielded different microbial communities for a single microbiota administered to homologous and heterologous hosts (i.e., the same and different Drosophila species from which the microbiota was derived), indicative of among-host species differences in traits that shape microbiota composition. The difference in microbiota composition between homologous and heterologous hosts was not greater for distantly related than for closely related host species pairs. Furthermore, Drosophila survival to adulthood was significantly reduced in heterologous associations relative to homologous associations and microbiologically sterile flies, suggesting that microbial taxa that are advantageous for their homologous host species can be deleterious for other host species. We conclude that drosophilid flies display robust among-host species variation in host controls over microbiota composition that has diversified in response to selection pressures which are not tracked by host phylogeny.
Circ-Spidr enhances axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Mao Susu , Huang Tao , Chen Yuanyuan , Shen Longxiang , Zhou Shuoshuo , Zhang Shanshan , Yu Bin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundant and play critical roles in the nervous system. However, their functions in axon regeneration after neuronal injury are unclear. Due to its robust regeneration capacity, peripheral nervous system is ideal for seeking the regulatory circRNAs in axon regeneration. In the present work, we obtained an expression profile of circRNAs in dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) after rat sciatic nerve crush injury by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and found the expression level of circ-Spidr was obviously increased using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, circ-Spidr was proved to be a circular RNA enriched in the cytoplasm of DRG neurons. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we determined that down-regulation of circ-Spidr could suppress axon regeneration of DRG neurons after sciatic nerve injury partially through modulating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Together, our results reveal a crucial role for circRNAs in regulating axon regeneration after neuronal injury which may further serve as a potential therapeutic avenue for neuronal injury repair.
Ferroelectric switching in bilayer 3R MoS2 via interlayer shear mode driven by nonlinear phononics
Authors: Park Jaehong , Yeu In Won , Han Gyuseung , Hwang Cheol Seong , Choi Jung-Hae 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe theoretically investigate the mechanism of ferroelectric switching via interlayer shear in 3R MoS2 using first principles and lattice dynamics calculations. First principle calculations show the prominent anharmonic coupling of the infrared inactive interlayer shear and the infrared active phonons. The nonlinear coupling terms generates an effective anharmonic force which drives the interlayer shear mode and lowers the ferroelectric switching barrier depending on the amplitude and polarization of infrared mode. Lattice dynamics simulations show that the interlayer shear mode can be coherently excited to the switching threshold by a train of infrared pulses polarized along the zigzag axis of MoS2. The results of this study indicate the possibility of ultrafast ferroelectricity in stacked two-dimensional materials from the control of stacking sequence.
Enhanced Figure of Merit in Bismuth-Antimony Fine-Grained Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Gao Sheng , Gaskins John , Hu Xixiao , Tomko Kathleen , Hopkins Patrick , Poon S. Joseph 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) materials research plays a vital role in heat-to-electrical energy conversion and refrigeration applications. Bismuth-antimony (Bi-Sb) alloy is a promising material for thermoelectric cooling. Herein, a high figure of merit, ZT, near 0.6 at cryogenic temperatures (100–150 K) has been achieved in melt-spun n-type Bi85Sb15 bulk samples consisting of micron-size grains. The achieved ZT is nearly 50% higher than polycrystalline averaged single crystal ZT of ~0.4, and it is also significantly higher than ZT of less than ~0.3 measured below 150 K in Bi-Te alloys commonly used for cryogenic cooling applications. The improved thermoelectric properties can be attributed to the fine-grained microstructure achieved from rapid solidification, which not only significantly reduced the thermal conductivity but also mitigated a segregation effect. A record low thermal conductivity of ~1.5 W m−1 K−1 near 100 K was measured using the hot disk method. The thermoelectric properties for this intriguing semimetal-semiconductor alloy system were analyzed within a two-band effective mass model. The study revealed a gradual narrowing of the band gap at increasing temperature in Bi-Sb alloy for the first time. Magneto-thermoelectric effects of this Bi-Sb alloy further improved the TE properties, leading to ZT of about 0.7. The magneto-TE effect was further demonstrated in a combined NdFeB/BiSb/NdFeB system. The compactness of the BiSb-magnet system with high ZT enables the utilization of magneto-TE effect in thermoelectric cooling applications.
Coherent-State-Based Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Yin Hua-Lei , Chen Zeng-Bing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLarge-scale quantum communication networks are still a huge challenge due to the rate-distance limit of quantum key distribution (QKD). Recently, twin-field (TF) QKD has been proposed to overcome this limit. Here, we prove that coherent-state-based TF-QKD is a time-reversed entanglement protocol, where the entanglement generation is realized with entanglement swapping operation via an entangled coherent state measurement. We propose a coherent-state-based TF-QKD with optimal secret key rate under symmetric and asymmetric channels by using coherent state and cat state coding. Furthermore, we show that our protocol can be converted to all recent coherent-state-based TF-QKD protocols by using our security proof. By using the entanglement purification with two-way classical communication, we improve the transmission distance of all coherent-state-based TF-QKD protocols.
Metabolomics of Eothenomys miletus from five Hengduan Mountains locations in summer
Authors: Zhang Hai-ji , Wang Zheng-kun , Zhu Wan-long 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClimatic characteristics of Hengduan Mountains region were diverse, and Eothenomys miletus was a native species throughout this region. To investigate adaptive strategies of E. miletus to environmental factors in different locations in this region, five locations were selected, including Deqin (DQ), Xianggelila (XGLL), Lijiang (LJ), Jianchuan (JC) and Ailaoshan (ALS). Then, body mass, visceral organ masses, and serum and liver metabolomes of E. miletus from each location were examined. The results showed that body mass was significantly different among these five sites. Liver mass was lower in ALS than in other locations. PLS-DA analysis, metabolite tree maps and heat maps of serum and liver metabolites showed that samples from DQ and XGLL clustered together, as did the samples from LJ, JC and ALS. Serum concentrations of lipid and amino acid metabolites, concentrations of TCA cycle intermediates, lipid metabolites and amino acid metabolites in livers from DQ and XGLL were higher than those from other three regions. However, the concentrations of glycolytic metabolites were lower in DQ and XGLL. All these results indicated that E. miletus adapts to changes in environmental temperature and altitude of this region by adjusting body mass and serum and liver metabolite concentrations.
Ribosomal mistranslation leads to silencing of the unfolded protein response and increased mitochondrial biogenesis
Authors: Shcherbakov Dmitri , Teo Youjin , Boukari Heithem , Cortes-Sanchon Adrian , Mantovani Matilde , Osinnii Ivan , Moore James , Juskeviciene Reda , Brilkova Margarita , Duscha Stefan , Kumar Harshitha Santhosh , Laczko Endre , Rehrauer Hubert , Westhof Eric , Akbergenov Rashid , Böttger Erik C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTranslation fidelity is the limiting factor in the accuracy of gene expression. With an estimated frequency of 10−4, errors in mRNA decoding occur in a mostly stochastic manner. Little is known about the response of higher eukaryotes to chronic loss of ribosomal accuracy as per an increase in the random error rate of mRNA decoding. Here, we present a global and comprehensive picture of the cellular changes in response to translational accuracy in mammalian ribosomes impaired by genetic manipulation. In addition to affecting established protein quality control pathways, such as elevated transcript levels for cytosolic chaperones, activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and translational slowdown, ribosomal mistranslation led to unexpected responses. In particular, we observed increased mitochondrial biogenesis associated with import of misfolded proteins into the mitochondria and silencing of the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Cyclosporine A promotes the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells on transplantation reaction
Authors: Hajkova Michaela , Jaburek Filip , Porubska Bianka , Bohacova Pavla , Holan Vladimir , Krulova Magdalena 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The successful application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remains a major challenge in stem cell therapy. Currently, several in vitro studies have indicated potentially beneficial interactions of MSCs with immunosuppressive drugs. These interactions can be even more complex in vivo, and it is in this setting that we investigate the effect of MSCs in combination with Cyclosporine A (CsA) on transplantation reaction and allogeneic cell survival. Using an in vivo mouse model, we found that CsA significantly promoted the survival of MSCs in various organs and tissues of the recipients. In addition, compared to treatment with CsA or MSCs alone, the survival of transplanted allogeneic cells was significantly improved after the combined application of MSCs with CsA. We further observed that the combinatory treatment suppressed immune response to the alloantigen challenge and modulated the immune balance by harnessing proinflammatory CD4+T-bet+ and CD4+RORγt+ cell subsets. These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in IL-17 production along with an elevated level of IL-10. Co-cultivation of purified naive CD4+ cells with peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice treated with MSCs and CsA revealed that MSC-educated macrophages play an important role in the immunomodulatory effect observed on distinct T-cell subpopulations. Taken together, our findings suggest that CsA promotes MSC survival in vivo and that the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of MSCs with CsA is superior to each monotherapy. This combinatory treatment thus represents a promising approach to reducing immunosuppressant dosage while maintaining or even improving the outcome of therapy.
Objective Acoustic Quantification of Perceived Voice Tremor Severity
Authors: Maryn Youri , Leblans Marc , Zarowski Andrzej , Barkmeier-Kraemer Julie 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis study compared auditory-perceptual measures of presence/absence and severity of vocal tremor to acoustic markers of vocal tremor. The validity (both concurrent and diagnostic) of various acoustic markers of vocal tremor was also assessed.MethodFifty-six midvowel sustained [a:] recordings were selected to yield a representative convenience sample of vocal tremor. After training with 10 synthesized samples, 4 female audiologists rated these samples on “voice tremor severity” on a continuous 10-cm scale. Afterward, 15 randomly selected recordings were presented a 2nd time for intrarater reliability assessment. Customized audio signal processing in Praat yielded 12 acoustic measures of rate, extent and perturbation of fundamental frequency (f0), and intensity level (IL) modulation. Enter-type multiple linear regression analysis was applied to weight and combine these acoustic variables into an acoustic model of vocal tremor severity.ResultsAfter removing the vocal tremor severity ratings of 1 of the audiologists because of insufficient intra- and interrater reliability, mean single-measures consistency-type intraclass correlation coefficients equaled .83 within raters and .72 between raters. Correlation between mean ratings and the 12 acoustic markers ranged from .76 for median extent off0modulation to .11 for rate of IL modulation. Correlation between mean ratings and the acoustic model was .89. Analysis of this model's receiver operating characteristics yielded an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of .93, denoting sensitivity of .87 and specificity of .91.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that auditory-perceptual ratings of vocal tremor severity are guided primarily byf0and IL modulation extent, less by modulation perturbation, and least by modulation rate. The acoustic model covering all these modulation properties yielded acceptable results in terms of both concurrent and diagnostic validity. However, external cross-validation of this model is warranted before applying it in clinical voice/speech assessment.
The Assessment and Aural Rehabilitation Tool for Cochlear Implant Recipients With Unilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Evans Maegan , Dillon Margaret 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Cochlear implantation may be a viable treatment option for patients with moderate-to-profound hearing loss in 1 ear and normal to near-normal hearing in the contralateral ear. There is a need for modified aural rehabilitation assessment and intervention tools for this unique patient population to support improvements with the cochlear implant (CI). The present report describes the development and implementation of the Assessment and Aural Rehabilitation Tool (AART) created for adult CI recipients with unilateral hearing loss (UHL).

Conclusion
The tool was used as an early assessment measure for CI in subjects with UHL and as a method to determine individualized auditory training plans. The AART was modified considering the initial abilities of this unique subject group. Ongoing studies are assessing the effectiveness of CI use in pediatric subjects with UHL and developing the pediatric version of the AART.
On quasi-reversibility solutions to the Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation: regularity and error estimates
Authors: Bourgeois Laurent , Chesnel Lucas 
Published: October 2019

We are interested in the classical ill-posed Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation. One method to approximate the solution associated with compatible data consists in considering a family of regularized well-posed problems depending on a small parameterε > 0. In this context, in order to prove convergence of finite elements methods, it is necessary to get regularity results of the solutions to these regularized problems which hold uniformly inε. In the present work, we obtain these results in smooth domains and in 2D polygonal geometries. In presence of corners, due to the particular structure of the regularized problems, classical techniquesà laGrisvard do not work and instead, we apply the Kondratiev approach. We describe the procedure in detail to keep track of the dependence inεin all the estimates. The main originality of this study lies in the fact that the limit problem is ill-posed in any framework.
Untersuchung und Beurteilung der Parabelflugtauglichkeit
Authors: Ullrich Oliver , Bühler Silja 
Published: October 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGParabelflüge mit dem Airbus A310 ZERO-G gehören zu den wichtigsten europäischen Forschungsplattformen zur Erzeugung verminderter Schwerkraft (Weltraum, Mond oder Mars) zu Forschungs- oder Testzwecken. Seit 2015 ist auch die Teilnahme von Privatpersonen an Parabelflügen mit der A310 ZERO-G zulässig und möglich. Jeder Teilnehmer an einem Parabelflug muss sich zwingend einer medizinischen Untersuchung auf Parabelflugtauglichkeit unterziehen. Die vorgeschriebene Parabelflugtauglichkeitsuntersuchung entspricht hinsichtlich der anzuwendenden Entscheidungskriterien weder den Klasse-1- noch den Klasse-2-Tauglichkeitskriterien der EU/EASA, sondern stellt eine eigene Entität dar. Daher werden hier die aktuell gültigen Tauglichkeitsanforderungen und Abläufe für die Parabelflugtauglichkeit zusammengefasst und erörtert.
Zinkmangel im Fokus: Ursachen, Symptome, Diagnose und
Therapie
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Kisters Klaus , Classen Hans-Georg 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDas essenzielle Spurenelement Zink ist für zahlreiche Prozesse in unserem Körper
unentbehrlich. Diese Übersicht soll helfen, einen Zinkmangel besser zu erkennen
und zu behandeln.
Komplementärmedizin in der ärztlichen Praxis: Mehr als ein
zweites „finanzielles Standbein“?
Authors: Zimmermann Gerd W. 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Komplementärmedizin subsumiert Diagnose- oder Therapieverfahren, die
außerhalb der in der Schulmedizin üblichen Methoden stehen. Im Gegensatz zur
Alternativmedizin versucht die Komplementärmedizin aber durch gemeinsames Wirken
mit der Schulmedizin Synergieeffekte zu erreichen. Die Leistungen werden deshalb
in der Regel von Ärzten erbracht, die auch über die notwendigen
schulmedizinischen Kenntnisse verfügen, um diese Leistungen zum Wohle des
Patienten einzusetzen.Im Beitrag werden die Abrechnungsmöglichkeiten für komplementärmedizinische
Leistungen erläutert und Beispiele gegeben.
Value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MR Imaging in Peripheral Lesions in PI-RADS-4 Patients
Authors: Ullrich Tim , Quentin Michael , Arsov Christian , Laqua Nina , Abrar Daniel , Hiester Andreas , Albers Peter , Antoch Gerald , Schimmöller Lars 
Published: October 2019

Objective To assess the impact of dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE) in mp-MRI on prostate cancer (PCa) detection in a large patient cohort assigned to PI-RADS category 4.
Method This retrospective, single center cohort study includes 193 consecutive patients with PI-RADS assessment category 4 in mp-MRI (T2WI, DWI, DCE) at 3 T with targeted plus systematic biopsy combined as the reference standard. The detection of prostate cancer with and without the use of DCE was compared.
Results Overall, the PCa detection rate in PI-RADS-4 patients was 62 % (119/193) with DCE and 52 % (101/193) without the inclusion of lesions upgraded on the basis of DCE. 48 % (92/193) had clinically significant PCa (csPCa; Gleason score ≥ 3 + 4 = 7) and 40 % (78/193) without use of DCE. 38 of the 193 patients (20 %) had peripheral lesions upgraded from PI-RADS category 3 to an overall PI-RADS category 4 due to focal positive DCE findings. Of these 38 patients, 18 had PCa including 14 with csPCa. Thus, 15 % (18/119) of the patients with PCa and 15 % (14/92) of the patients with csPCa were detected only based on additional DCE information.
Conclusion DCE prevents underestimation and misclassification of a significant number of cases of peripheral csPCa and might improve detection rates in PI-RADS-4 patients. The current PI-RADS decision rules regarding upgrading PI-RADS-3 lesions to category 4 due to positive DCE imaging are useful for PCa detection.
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Latest Trends in Subpectoral Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Oh Christine , Winocour Sebastian J. , Lemaine Valerie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere has been a shift in recent years toward a growing popularity of implant-based breast reconstruction, especially in the setting of increased frequency of concurrent contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Advancements in implant safety and technology have also allowed for an expanding implant reconstruction practice across the country. The traditional approach is immediate two-stage implant reconstruction with placement of a tissue expander within a subpectoral pocket. The introduction of acellular dermal matrix has revolutionized implant-based breast reconstruction, allowing surgeons the opportunity to minimize morbidity while maximizing aesthetic outcomes. There have also been advances in the management of postoperative pain control as well as secondary revision surgery.
Extirpation of a Ruptured Anterior Spinal Artery Aneurysm Accompanied by Dural Arteriovenous Fistula at the Craniovertebral Junction via a Posterolateral Approach: The Management of Extradural Venous Congestion
Authors: Hanakita Shunya , Oya Soichi , Tsuchiya Tsukasa , Shojima Masaaki , Matsui Toru 
Published: October 2019

Objective This study was aimed to discuss how to control extradural venous congestion with an increased pressure in cases of arteriovenous shunt disease of the craniovertebral junction.
Design The study is presented through an operative video.
Results A 77-year-old patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage had a dural arteriovenous fistula located at the C1–C2 level. Left vertebral angiography showed a fistula between the left C2 radiculomeningeal muscular artery and perivertebral plexus. Furthermore, right vertebral angiography showed a ruptured aneurysm at the aberrant branch of the anterior spinal artery originating from the contralateral vertebral artery (VA), possibly formed because of the concurrently increased pressure of the perimedullary veins. Aneurysm extirpation was planned through a posterolateral approach. To reduce venous bleeding during the approach, preoperative embolization of the radiculomeningeal muscular artery was performed. During surgery, the suboccipital triangle was exposed following layer-by-layer dissection of the suboccipital muscles (Figs. 1 and 2). Subperiosteal dissection of the paravertebral plexus surrounding the VA around the C1 lamina was effective to avoid venous bleeding. A bloodless operative field was achieved, and key anatomical structures, such as the C2 nerve root, feeder, and V3 portion of the left VA, were clearly identified. With a sufficient amount of lateral exposure, the ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm was successfully extirpated with bipolar coagulation. The patient was discharged with no neurologic deficit.
Conclusion Controlling extradural venous congestion is essential to obtain a clear operative field in cases of arteriovenous shunt disease at the craniovertebral junction.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/fCT69WtAQbo.
A relatively wide-bandgap and air-stable donor polymer for fabrication of efficient semitransparent and tandem organic photovoltaics
Authors: Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Po Riccardo , Bianchi Gabriele , Cominetti Alessandra , Carbonera Chiara , Camaioni Nadia , Tinti Francesca , Kong Jing 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Organic semiconductors are promising candidates for fabrication of semitransparent and tandem solar cells due to their low-cost processing, light weight, and solution processability. Here, we synthesize a donor copolymer (poly{[2,7-(5,5-didecyl-5H-1,8-dithia-as-indacenone)]-alt-[5,5-(5′,6′-dioctyloxy-4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)]} [PDTIDTBT]) with relatively large bandgap and good stability. We show a stable and efficient semitransparent solar cell using graphene as electrode and achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.75% with average visible transmittance of 55%. We also demonstrate the application of the PDTIDTBT donor for tandem solar cell with PCE of up to 8.83% and long-term stability.