bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Antenatal Care Visit Utilization of Child-Bearing Mothers in Kaffa, Sheka, and Bench Maji Zones of SNNPR, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Terefe Abiyot Negash , Gelaw Assaye Belay 
Published: July 2019

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is a preventive obstetric health-care program aimed at optimizing maternal fetal outcome through regular monitoring of pregnancy. Even if World Health Organization recommends a minimum of 4 ANC visits for normal pregnancy, existing evidence from developing countries including Ethiopia indicates there are few women who utilize it due to different reasons. The purpose of this article is to identify determinants significantly influencing the ANC visit utilization of child-bearing mothers in the Kaffa, Sheka, and Bench-Maji zones of Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region, Ethiopia. Methods: A total of 1715 child-bearing mothers were selected. Several count models such as Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, zero-inflated negative binomial, hurdle Poisson, and hurdle negative binomial regression models were fitted to select the model which best fits the data. The parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood. Measures of goodness of fit were based on the Rootogram. Results: The data were found zeros (8.1%); the variance (3.794), which is less than its mean (3.91). Hurdle Poisson regression model was found to be better fitted with the data given. Variables are selected by backward selection method, through the analysis, zones, residence, age at first pregnancy, source of information, knowledge during danger sin, willingness, time of visit, and satisfaction, which were major predictors of ANC service utilization. The estimated odds that the number of ANC visits those child-bearing mothers made (mothers who lived in urban) are 3.52 times more likely than mothers who lived in rural keeping others variables constant and the like. Conclusion: Based on our findings, a lot of effort needs to be made by health offices to create awareness, maternal health-care programs should be expanded and intensified in rural areas, improve women’s knowledge and awareness about the risk factor of late visit, the necessary investigations and follow-up throughout the antenatal period to promote regular attendance for ANC, and fulfill the client’s satisfaction.
Dual inhibition of IGF-IR and ALK as an effective strategy to eradicate NPM-ALK+ T-cell lymphoma
Authors: George Bhawana , George Suraj Konnath , Shi Wenyu , Haque Abedul , Shi Ping , Eskandari Ghazaleh , Axelson Magnus , Larsson Olle , Kaseb Ahmed O. , Amin Hesham M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase-expressing (NPM-ALK+) T cell lymphoma is an aggressive neoplasm. NPM-ALK, an oncogenic tyrosine kinase, plays a critical role in this lymphoma. Recently, selective ALK inhibitors have emerged as a first-line therapy for this neoplasm. Unfortunately, ALK inhibitors were hindered by emergence of resistance and relapse. We have previously demonstrated that type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) is commonly expressed and activated in this lymphoma. In addition, IGF-IR and NPM-ALK are physically associated and reciprocally enhance their phosphorylation/activation. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that combined inhibition of IGF-IR and NPM-ALK could significantly improve the effects of inhibiting each kinase alone.

Methods
We used clinically utilized inhibitors of IGF-IR (picropodophyllin; PPP) and ALK (ASP3026) to assess the in vitro cellular effects of combined treatment versus treatment using a single agent. Moreover, we used a systemic NPM-ALK+ T cell lymphoma mouse model to analyze the in vivo effects of PPP and ASP3026 alone or in combination.

Results
Our data show that combined treatment with PPP and ASP3026 decreased the viability, proliferation, and anchorage-independent colony formation, and increased apoptosis of NPM-ALK+ T cell lymphoma cells in vitro. The in vitro effects of combined treatment were synergistic and significantly more pronounced than the effects of PPP or ASP3026 alone. Biochemically, simultaneous antagonism of IGF-IR and ALK induced more pronounced decrease in pIGF-IRY1135/1136, pNPM-ALKY646, and pSTAT3Y705 levels than antagonizing IGF-IR or ALK alone. Moreover, combined targeting of IGF-IR and NPM-ALK decreased significantly systemic lymphoma tumor growth and improved mice survival in vivo. Consistent with the in vitro results, the in vivo effects of the combined therapy were more pronounced than the effects of targeting IGF-IR or ALK alone.

Conclusions
Combined targeting of IGF-IR and ALK is more effective than targeting IGF-IR or ALK alone in NPM-ALK+ T cell lymphoma. This strategy might also limit emergence of resistance to high doses of ALK inhibitors. Therefore, it could represent a successful therapeutic approach to eradicate this aggressive lymphoma. Importantly, combined inhibition is feasible because of the clinical availability of IGF-IR and ALK inhibitors. Our findings are applicable to other types of cancer where IGF-IR and ALK are simultaneously expressed.
Global and Regional Respiratory Mechanics During Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Study
Authors: Brandão Julio C. , Lessa Marcos A. , Motta-Ribeiro Gabriel , Hashimoto Soshi , Paula Luis Felipe , Torsani Vinicius , Le Linh , Bao Xiaodong , Eikermann Matthias , Dahl Douglas M. , Deng Hao , Tabatabaei Shahin , Amato Marcelo B. P. , Vidal Melo Marcos F. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND:
Pneumoperitoneum and nonphysiological positioning required for robotic surgery increase cardiopulmonary risk because of the use of larger airway pressures (Paws) to maintain tidal volume (Vt). However, the quantitative partitioning of respiratory mechanics and transpulmonary pressure (Pl) during robotic surgery is not well described. We tested the following hypothesis: (1) the components of driving pressure (transpulmonary and chest wall components) increase in a parallel fashion at robotic surgical stages (Trendelenburg and robot docking); and (2) deep, when compared to routine (moderate), neuromuscular blockade modifies those changes in Pls as well as in regional respiratory mechanics.

METHODS:
We studied 35 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II patients undergoing elective robotic surgery. Airway and esophageal balloon pressures and respiratory flows were measured to calculate respiratory mechanics. Regional lung aeration and ventilation was assessed with electrical impedance tomography and level of neuromuscular blockade with acceleromyography. During robotic surgical stages, 2 crossover randomized groups (conditions) of neuromuscular relaxation were studied: Moderate (1 twitch in the train-of-four stimulation) and Deep (1–2 twitches in the posttetanic count).

RESULTS:
Pneumoperitoneum was associated with increases in driving pressure, tidal changes in Pl, and esophageal pressure (Pes). Steep Trendelenburg position during robot docking was associated with further worsening of the respiratory mechanics. The fraction of driving pressures that partitioned to the lungs decreased from baseline (63% ± 15%) to Trendelenburg position (49% ± 14%, P < .001), due to a larger increase in chest wall elastance (Ecw; 12.7 ± 7.6 cm H2O·L−1) than in lung elastance (El; 4.3 ± 5.0 cm H2O·L−1, P < .001). Consequently, from baseline to Trendelenburg, the component of Paw affecting the chest wall increased by 6.6 ± 3.1 cm H2O, while Pls increased by only 3.4 ± 3.1 cm H2O (P < .001). Pl and driving pressures were larger at surgery end than at baseline and were accompanied by dorsal aeration loss. Deep neuromuscular blockade did not change respiratory mechanics, regional aeration and ventilation, and hemodynamics.

CONCLUSIONS:
In robotic surgery with pneumoperitoneum, changes in ventilatory driving pressures during Trendelenburg and robot docking are distributed less to the lungs than to the chest wall as compared to routine mechanical ventilation for supine patients. This effect of robotic surgery derives from substantially larger increases in Ecw than Els and reduces the risk of excessive Pls. Deep neuromuscular blockade does not meaningfully change global or regional lung mechanics.
The cilium as a force sensor−myth versus reality
Authors: R. Ferreira Rita , Fukui Hajime , Chow Renee , Vilfan Andrej , Vermot Julien 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Cells need to sense their mechanical environment during the growth of developing tissues and maintenance of adult tissues. The concept of force-sensing mechanisms that act through cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesions is now well established and accepted. Additionally, it is widely believed that force sensing can be mediated through cilia. Yet, this hypothesis is still debated. By using primary cilia sensing as a paradigm, we describe the physical requirements for cilium-mediated mechanical sensing and discuss the different hypotheses of how this could work. We review the different mechanosensitive channels within the cilium, their potential mode of action and their biological implications. In addition, we describe the biological contexts in which cilia are acting – in particular, the left–right organizer – and discuss the challenges to discriminate between cilium-mediated chemosensitivity and mechanosensitivity. Throughout, we provide perspectives on how quantitative analysis and physics-based arguments might help to better understand the biological mechanisms by which cells use cilia to probe their mechanical environment.
Casting a Wider Tax Net: Experimental Evidence from Costa Rica
Authors: Brockmeyer Anne , Smith Spencer , Hernandez Marco , Kettle Stewart 
Published: July 2019

The majority of firms in developing countries are informal, yet even among registered firms, tax filing rates are low. We argue that non-filing of taxes among registered firms constitutes an important intermediate form of informality, which can be tackled cost-effectively. Using a randomized experiment in Costa Rica, we show that credible enforcement emails increased the tax payment rate (amount) by 3.4 p.p. (US$15) among previously non-filing firms. Emails that highlight third-party reports of a firm’s transactions further increased compliance. The effect persisted over two years, and treated firms became more likely to report transactions with other firms, facilitating future tax enforcement. (JEL H25, H26, K34, O17)
Com quantos sociólogos se desenvolve um programa de pesquisa em Sociologia da Arte?
Authors: Marcondes Guilherme 
Published: July 2019

Resenha do livro VILLAS BÔAS, Glaucia (org.). (2016). Um vermelho não é um vermelho – estudos sociológicossobre as artes visuais. Rio de Janeiro: 7 Letras.
All-Ceramic inlays and onlays for posterior teeth
Authors: Ibbetson Richard , Jones Ian R 
Published: July 2019

The increasing requirement for aesthetic restorations has been matched by the continuing improvements in dental materials and fabrication techniques. These factors have resulted in the development of newer ways of making tooth-coloured restorations for posterior teeth. The value of preserving tooth tissue is widely appreciated and the use of partial coverage restorations can assist this aim. The use of porcelain inlays and onlays etched with hydrofluoric acid together with improved composite resin-luting agents offers the dentist and patient the option of a conservative and aesthetic restoration for more extensively damaged posterior teeth. The paper describes the indications and clinical procedures for the use of these restorations. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Porcelain inlays and onlays offer a predictable alternative to full coverage crowns and should be part of the clinician's armamentarium.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a review
Authors: Nayani Samina , Dick Joanna , Curl Charlotte 
Published: July 2019

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) affects the metabolism of collagen which can have implications throughout the body, impacting on not only the skin, but also the joints, muscles, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. The condition can have dental implications such as poor wound healing, mucosal fragility, prolonged bleeding, temporomandibular joint dislocation and, in some forms, periodontal disease. Three clinical cases of patients with EDS will be discussed and their dental management described. The patient with EDS may be seen in primary care and, if input from secondary care is required, a multidisciplinary, shared care approach will ideally be utilized.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is a condition that can be multifactorial, with medical implications as well as dental; depending on the manifestations of the condition, the patient may be seen in primary and/or secondary care with or without a shared care approach.
Caracterização clínica e epidemiológica dos usuários atendidos na Unidade de Prono Atendimento (UPA) na cidade de Iguatu – Ceará / Clinical and epidemiological characterization of users assisted at the Emergency Care Unit (UPA) in the city of Iguatu – Ceará
Authors: Brasil Francisco Matheus De Sousa , Sousa Milena Brasil de , Brasil Michele De Souza 
Published: July 2019

O presente estudo aborda a Classificação de Risco, que é proposto de acordo com aportaria 2.048 do Ministério da Saúde. Teve como objetivo descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos usuários atendidos na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) na cidade de Iguatu – Ceará. A metodologia foi quantitativa, de abordagem exploratória, descritiva e transversal, tendo como local da pesquisa a Unidade de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) na cidade de Iguatu – Ceará. A amostra constou de 516 prontuários cadastrados eletronicamente com diagnóstico médico pela UPA no mês de dezembro de 2017, bem como 10.490 prontuários dos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2017 que continham o registro da Classificação de Risco. A coleta dos dados foi realizada nos meses de março e abril de 2018. Resultados: Em proporção ao sexo, pacientes do sexo feminino se apresentaram em maior quantidade, sendo 268 mulheres (51,94%)e 248 homens (48,06%). Em relação à faixa etária, o atendimento é mais prevalente em crianças de 0 a 9 anos se apresentando em (32,95%), e menos prevalente em idosos a partir de 60 a 99 anos (13,56%). Quanto aos diagnósticos, os mais frequentes com maior prevalência foram lombalgia apresentadas por 86 pacientes (16,6%), mais prevalentemente na faixa etária de 20 a 69 anos, cefaléia apresentada por 68 pacientes (13,1%), mais prevalente na faixa etária de 10 a 59 anos e amigdalite por 64 pacientes (12,4%), que se apresentou com maior prevalência nas faixas etárias de 09 a 29 anos, enquanto nas faixas etárias de 50 a 99 anos não apresentaram a doença. Quanto a Classificação de Risco, os casos classificados como verde e azul totalizaram a maior parte do atendimento, compostos por 8.690 usuários (85,08%) enquanto os casos de urgência foram compostos pela minoria do atendimento, sendo 1.488 pacientes, apenas (12,65%). O perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento é caracterizado por atendimentos não urgentes. Os atendimentos apontaram para queixas de baixa complexidade, podendo se observar patologias de níveis de atenção básica. Concluiu-se pela necessidade de maiores estudos que possam orientar melhor sobre os serviços de urgências e emergências, bem como sobre a melhoria na triagem classificatória em situações de risco.
Investigations on the Effect of the Nozzle Material on the Interruption Capability of a Medium Voltage Load Break Switch
Authors: Bendig M. , Krampert T. , Götte N. , Kalter Achim , Schaak M. , Ermeler K. 
Published: July 2019

In the process of substituting sulphur hexafluoride in medium voltage load break switches by atmospheric gases, the inferior arc quenching capabilities of possible substitutes have to be compensated. By introducing a polymer nozzle into the switching gap of a load break switch, the interruption capability can be enhanced as the ablated nozzle material changes the composition of the arc plasma. In this contribution the interruption capability of a model load break switch is investigated using different nozzle materials. The results show a good interruption capability when using polypropylene and polyamide 6.6 for high blowing pressures. Polytetrafluorethylene shows good results across a wide blowing pressure range. Polylactide has the lowest interruption capability among the polymers in this work.
A randomized experimental study to assess the effect of language on medical students’ anxiety due to uncertainty
Authors: Simpkin Arabella L. , Murphy Zachary , Armstrong Katrina A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Communication and handoff failures are common causes of diagnostic errors in hospital. Human quest for certainty can increase the likelihood of premature closure in decision-making, the most common phenomenon in misdiagnosis. Little research exists on whether language choice in handoffs affects physicians’ sense of uncertainty.

Methods
Medical students from a large US medical school were randomized to receive one of four language variations describing a presumed diagnosis in hypothetical handoffs from emergency department (ED) to inpatient ward. The control language arm used the word ‘diagnosis’; experimental arms replaced this word with either ‘hypothesis’, ‘probability of 60%’, or ‘working diagnosis’ with a short differential. Outcome measures were students’ anxiety due to uncertainty (range 5–30; higher scores indicating higher stress from uncertainty) and clinical uncertainty about the ED provider’s presumed diagnosis.

Results
Mean anxiety due to uncertainty was significantly higher in subjects receiving the ‘hypothesis’ language arm compared to those receiving the control ‘diagnosis’ language [19.2 (4.6) vs. 15.5 (3.4); p<0.008]. Differences between subjects who received the probability language [17.2 (5.8) vs. 15.5 (3.4); p=0.26] and ‘working diagnosis’ language [16 (5) vs. 15.5 (3.4); p=0.69] were not statistically significant. There was no difference in items assessing clinical uncertainty after each scenario.

Conclusions
The word ‘hypothesis’ increased anxiety due to uncertainty compared to the word ‘diagnosis’, but did not change assessments of clinical uncertainty. Further research is needed to assess how use of language in clinical handoffs may influence perceptions and anxiety related to uncertainty and whether optimal language can be identified that leads to recognition of uncertainty without maladaptive stress or anxiety due to uncertainty.
Reliability of Squat Kinetics in Well-Trained Rugby Players: Implications for Monitoring Training
Authors: Appleby Brendyn B. , Cormack Stuart J. , Newton Robert U. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Appleby, BB, Cormack, SJ, and Newton, RU. Reliability of squat kinetics in well-trained rugby players: implications for monitoring training. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2635–2640, 2019—The aim of this study was to determine the within-session reliability in kinetic variables of the squat in well-trained athletes during a typical resistance training protocol. Fifteen subjects completed 2 testing sessions. Session 1 was establishment of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat, and session 2 involved 2 sets of 2 maximal effort repetitions of the squat at 70, 80, and 90% of 1RM with 3D motion analysis and ground reaction force (GRF) measurement using 2 in-ground triaxial force plates. Reliability was calculated using typical error ± 90% confidence limits, expressed as the coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient. The smallest worthwhile change (SWC%), calculated as 0.2 × between-subject SD, was used to determine the smallest important change in performance. Peak GRF and average GRF were found to have acceptable measures of reliability with the combined left and right leg average GRF capable of detecting the SWC. Independent limb contributions were reliable (left and right, or dominant and nondominant). Reliable kinetics can be obtained in back squat performance typical of a resistance training session in well-trained athletes. This suggests that coaches integrating force plate technology within training sessions may effectively capture between 1 and 6 training sets among several athletes, facilitating analysis and intervention on larger data sets.
Range of Motion and Injury Occurrence in Elite Spanish Soccer Academies. Not Only a Hamstring Shortening—Related Problem
Authors: Sanz Alejandro , Pablos Carlos , Ballester Rafael , Sánchez‐Alarcos Jose Vicente , Huertas Florentino 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sanz, A, Pablos, C, Ballester, R, Sanchez-Alarcos, JV, and Huertas, F. Range of motion and injury occurrence in elite Spanish soccer academies. Not only a hamstring shortening—related problem. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1924–1932, 2020—Age-related development of range of motion (ROM) during an active hip flexion (active straight leg raise) and its relationship with hamstring injury occurrence were examined in 1657 young male soccer players (9–18 years of age). Age-related differences in ROM showed a significant decrease from U9 to U11 (p = 0.001), from U11 to U13 (p < 0.005), and from U9 to U13 (p < 0.001), whereas ROM increased from U13 to U15 and from U13 to U18 (both p's < 0.001). Interestingly, younger and older players reached similar ROM values (U9–U18, p = 0.87). Higher ROM was found in dominant than nondominant leg in all age groups (all ps < 0.001). No differences related to playing position were found on ROM (all ps > 0.478). During the follow-up period (11 months) 97 hamstring injuries were reported showing higher rates in the older age groups (p < 0.001) and outfield players (p < 0.001). Remarkably, no differences in ROM average were found between injured players and noninjured players (p = 0.152). Our results suggest that ROM during hip flexion does not only depend on the hamstrings shortening but also on the variables related to joint stability, motor control, and hip flexor muscle weakness. Sport scientists in youth sport soccer academies should develop age-specific screening and action plans to develop strength, motor control, and flexibility to optimize ROM and reduce injuries from the grassroots stages.
Odor Identification in Rats: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence of Learned Olfactory-Auditory Associations
Authors: Olofsson Jonas K. , Zhou Guangyu , East Brett S. , Zelano Christina , Wilson Donald A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ability to recognize and identify a smell is highly dependent on multisensory context and expectation, for example, hearing the name of the odor source. Here, we develop a novel auditory-odor association task in rats, wherein the animal learns that a specific auditory tone, when associated with a specific odor, predicts reward (Go signal), whereas the same tone associated with a different odor, or vice versa, is not (No-Go signal). The tone occurs prior to the onset of the odor, allowing physiological analyses of sensory-evoked local field potential (LFP) activity to each stimulus in primary auditory cortex and anterior piriform cortex (aPCX). In trained animals that have acquired the task, both auditory and subsequent olfactory cues activate β band oscillations in both the auditory cortex and PCX, suggesting multisensory integration. Naive animals show no such multisensory responses, suggesting the response is learned. In addition to the learned multisensory evoked responses, functional connectivity between auditory cortex and PCX, as assessed with spectral coherence and phase lag index (PLI), is enhanced. Importantly, both the multi-sensory evoked responses and the functional connectivity are context-dependent. In trained animals, the same auditory stimuli presented in the home cage evoke no responses in auditory cortex or PCX, and functional connectivity between the sensory cortices is reduced. Together, the results demonstrate how learning and context shape the expression of multisensory cortical processing. Given that odor identification impairment is associated with preclinical dementia in humans, the mechanisms suggested here may help develop experimental models to assess effects of neuropathology on behavior.