bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo assessment of spinal cord elasticity using shear wave ultrasound in dogs
Authors: Al-Habib Amro , Albakr Abdulrahman , Al Towim Abdullah , Alkubeyyer Metab , Abu Jamea Abdullah , Albadr Fahad , Eldawlatly Abdelazeem A. , Kashour Tarek , Alkhalidi Hisham , Alzahrani Tariq 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVEEvaluation of living tissue elasticity has wide applications in disease characterization and prognosis prediction. Few previous ex vivo attempts have been made to characterize spinal cord elasticity (SCE). Recently, tissue elasticity assessment has been clinically feasible using ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE). The current study aims to characterize SCE in healthy dogs, in vivo, utilizing SWE, and to address SCE changes during compression.METHODSTen Greyhound dogs (mean age 14 months; mean weight 14.3 kg) were anesthetized and tracheally intubated, with hemodynamic and neurological monitoring. A 3-level, midcervical laminectomy was performed. SCE was assessed at baseline. Next, 8- and 13-mm balloon compressions were sequentially applied ventral to the spinal cord.RESULTSThe mean SCE was 18.5 ± 7 kPa. Elasticity of the central canal, pia mater, and dura mater were 21.7 ± 9.6 kPa, 26.1 ± 14.8 kPa, and 63.2 ± 11.5 kPa, respectively. As expected, the spinal cord demonstrated less elasticity than the dura mater (p < 0.0001) and pia mater (trend toward significance p = 0.08). Notably, the 13-mm balloon compression resulted in a stiffer spinal cord than at baseline (233 ± 73 kPa versus 18.5 ± 7 kPa, p < 0.0001) and 8-mm balloon compression (233 ± 73 kPa versus 185 ± 68 kPa, p < 0.048).CONCLUSIONSIn vivo SCE evaluation using SWE is feasible and comparable to earlier reports, as demonstrated by physical sectioning of the spinal cord. The compressed spinal cord is stiffer than a free spinal cord, with a linear increase in SCE with increasing mechanical compression. Knowledge of the biomechanical properties of the spinal cord including SCE has potential implications for disease management and prognosis.
TÜRBİDİT AKINTILARININ DENEYSEL MODELLEMESİ
Authors: EREN Muhsin , İNANÇ Fırat , BABA Azad 
Published: July 2018

Türbidit
akıntısı bir çeşit yoğunluk akıntısıdır ve yaygın olarak kıta yamacı boyunca
oluşur. Çalışmanın amacını kıta yamacı boyunca doğal olarak gerçekleşen
sediment yüklü yoğunluk akıntılarının deneysel olarak gerçekleştirilmesi
oluşturmaktadır. Deney düzeneği kıta yamacına benzer şekilde tasarlanmış ve 10
mm kalınlığında cam malzemeden yapılmıştır. Deney düzeneğinin üst kısmında
ayrılan kısma tuzla yoğunluğu artırılmış ve içine boya maddesi konulan su
konulmuştur. Diğer bölüme ise normal çeşme suyu doldurulmuştur. Yoğunluğu fazla
sıvıyı diğer bölümden ayıran ara bölme kaldırılınca, yoğunluğu fazla olan
boyalı su diğer normal suyun içinde
aşağıya doğru akıntı türbülansı ile hareket etmektedir. Yoğunluğu fazla olan
sıvı boya maddesi içerdiği için, yoğunluk farkından dolayı oluşan hareket
rahatlıkla gözlenebilmektedir. Sıvılar arasındaki yoğunluk farkı arttıkça,
türbidit akıntısının hızı artmaktadır. Türbidit
akıntısı baş, gövde ve kuyruk kısımlarından oluşur.
A Review of Psychopathology Features, Personality, and Coping in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: Minier Lisa , Lignier Baptiste , Bouvet Cyrille , Gallais Benjamin , Camart Nathalie 
Published: July 2018

Background: The last literature review on psychopathological features in Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 had been conducted by Ambrosini and Nurnberg in 1979. Since that date, many researches had been carried out. Objective: The aim of this study is (i) to systematically obtain and evaluate the relevant literature on psychopathological features, personality, and coping in individuals with adult phenotypes of Myotonic Dystrophy type 1. (ii) To summarize current research findings and draw conclusions for future research. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on Pubmed, PubPsych, PsycInfo, Science Direct, and Scopus covering the period of January 1979 to July 2017. Results: In view of our literature review, patients show mild psychopathological problems, such as interpersonal difficulties, lack of interest, dysphoria, concern about bodily functioning, and hypersensibility. However, they do not experience more psychiatric disorder in comparison to the general population, except for personality disorders and depression. We discussed problems concerning depression’s assessment tool. Patients also present symptoms of several personality disorders: avoidant personality disorder was the most common. Finally, coping strategies relative to limitations resulting from their disease have a negative impact on their quality of life. Conclusions: In conclusion, Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 patients did not present homogeneous psychopathological and psychological features. However, based on tendencies observed among Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 patients, elements to conceptualize their social difficulties are provided.
Long-term outcomes of saline boluses in very preterm infants
Authors: Aslam A. , Vincer M. , Allen A. , Imanullah S. , O’Connell C.M. 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: Normal saline bolus is commonly used in clinical practice for treating hypotension in very preterm infants during resuscitation at an early age despite the paucity of high quality evidence supporting this practice. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of early (<7 days after birth) saline boluses given to very preterm infant (VPI) from 23 to 31 weeks GA. METHOD: This is a population-based cohort analysis of the use of normal saline boluses given to VPI. The outcomes were extracted from the Perinatal Follow-Up Program Database which included all VPI from Halifax County admitted to the NICU at the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada between January 2006 to December 2010. We excluded infants with major congenital anomalies and those not offered resuscitation in the delivery room. Our primary outcome was the composite of death or disability by 18–36 months while secondary outcomes were neonatal death, BPD, CP, IVH, PVL, ROP, BSITD III (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development®, Third Edition) Cognitive, Motor and Language score. RESULTS: Death or disability in those who received saline bolus occurred in 15 (53.6%) compared with 9 (32.1%) in non saline group. Significantly higher rates of CP ( p = 0.04), lower scores on the BSITDIII for motor ( p = 0.04) and language scales ( p = 0.03) were noted for infants who received saline boluses. Cognitive scores approached significance ( p = 0.05) with lower scores in the saline bolus group. CONCLUSION: Significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of long term neurodevelopmental outcome and one of the short-term outcome (i.e. BPD). Given the limitations of this retrospective study and the small sample size, a larger cohort from Canadian Neonatal Network database is warranted to evaluate the effects of using normal saline boluses during early life on neurodevelopmental.
The Araucaria Project: High-precision Cepheid Astrophysics from the Analysis of Variables in Double-lined Eclipsing Binaries*
Authors: Pilecki Bogumił , Gieren Wolfgang , Pietrzyński Grzegorz , Thompson Ian B. , Smolec Radosław , Graczyk Dariusz , Taormina Mónica , Udalski Andrzej , Storm Jesper , Nardetto Nicolas , Gallenne Alexandre , Kervella Pierre , Soszyński Igor , Górski Marek , Wielgórski Piotr , Suchomska Ksenia , Karczmarek Paulina , Zgirski Bartłomiej 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Based on new observations and improved modeling techniques, we have reanalyzed seven Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Improved physical parameters have been determined for the exotic system OGLE LMC-CEP-1718 composed of two first-overtone Cepheids and a completely new model was obtained for the OGLE LMC-CEP-1812 classical Cepheid. This is now the shortest period Cepheid for which the projection factor is measured. The typical accuracy of our dynamical masses and radii determinations is 1%. The radii of the six classical Cepheids follow period–radius relations in the literature. Our very accurate physical parameter measurements allow us to calculate a purely empirical, tight period-mass–radius relation that agrees well with theoretical relations derived from non-canonical models. This empirical relation is a powerful tool to calculate accurate masses for single Cepheids for which precise radii can be obtained from Baade–Wesselink-type analyses. The mass of the type-II Cepheid κ Pav, 0.56 ± 0.08 M
⊙, determined using this relation is in a very good agreement with theoretical predictions. We find large differences between the p-factor values derived for the Cepheids in our sample. Evidence is presented that a simple period–p-factor relation shows an intrinsic dispersion, hinting at the relevance of other parameters, such as the masses, radii, and radial velocity variation amplitudes. We also find evidence that the systematic blueshift exhibited by Cepheids is primarily correlated with their gravity. The companion star of the Cepheid in the OGLE LMC-CEP-4506 system has a very similar temperature and luminosity, and is clearly located inside the Cepheid instability strip, yet it is not pulsating.
Probing the Turbulence Dissipation Range and Magnetic Field Strengths in Molecular Clouds. II. Directly Probing the Ion–neutral Decoupling Scale
Authors: Tang Kwok Sun , Li Hua-Bai , Lee Wing-Kit 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The line width of ions has been observed to be systematically narrower than that of the coexisting neutrals in molecular clouds and been interpreted as the signature of the decoupling of the neutral turbulence from magnetic fields in partially ionized medium. As a sequel of Li & Houde, here we present further observational evidence that supports these earlier proposals with the velocity coordinate spectrum analysis. We recover the turbulent energy spectra of HCN and HCO+ (4 − 3) in a starless molecular cloud in NGC 6334 where magnetic fields play a dynamically important role. Our analysis showed that the neutral spectrum is consistent with Kolmogorov type (

k

−
5

/

3

, where k is the wavenumber), while that of the ions is the same on the large scale, but steeper (∼k
−2), for scales smaller than 0.404 pc. We carefully ruled out the possibilities that the spectrum difference can stem from the differences of ion and neutral optical depth and hyperfine structure.
Linear Atelectasis around the Hilum on Chest Radiography: A Novel Sign of Early Lung Cancer
Authors: Ozturk Kerem , Soylu Esra , Topal Ugur 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Linear atelectasis is a focal area of subsegmental atelectasis with a linear shape. Linear atelectasis may occur as a consequence of subsegmental bronchial obstruction.

Aims:
We propose an early roentgen sign of obstructing lung tumors, namely perihilar linear atelectasis, and ascertain whether this phenomenon could be used as a sign to detect radiographically occult primary lung cancer.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of 45,000 posteroanterior chest radiographs to determine the frequency of appearance and characteristics of perihilar linear atelectasis. The perihilar region of chest radiographs was evaluated for the presence of linear atelectasis. When linear atelectasis was found, the total thickness was measured. Student's t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance, correlating the thickness of atelectasis and the presence of obstructing central primary lung cancer.

Results:
Perihilar linear atelectasis was demonstrated in 58 patients. Atelectasis was caused by an obstructing tumor in 21 (36%) cases and a variety of other conditions in 37 (64%) patients. A statistically significant relationship (P < 0.001) was observed between the dimension of perihilar linear atelectasis and primary lung cancer, with 16 of 19 patients with thick (>5.5 mm) perihilar linear atelectasis found to have primary lung cancer.

Conclusion:
Thick perihilar linear atelectasis is a new diagnostic roentgen sign that suggests subsegmental bronchial obstruction. In this patient subgroup, who are otherwise asymptomatic, a persistent linear atelectasis can be due to primary lung cancer.
Foreword
Authors: Nina GOLOB 
Published: July 2018

With this volume, Acta linguistica is entering its 5th year. We would like to announce, with our great pleasure, that the journal has undergone some changes and will from now be published twice a year, with its summer and winter volume. This summer volume includes researches with a common topic of practicing a language, whether in educational, and religious institutions, or in the languages primary surroundings. In this spirit, the volume is divided into two parts, with the first devoted to the methodology of language teaching, focusing mainly on Chinese and Japanese language and presently still under-researched dyslexia role in language studies, and the second focusing on under-documented languages and their gap between language policies and the actual state of language use.The first paper by Katja Simončič, entitled Evaluating Approaches to Teaching and Learning Chinese Vocabulary from the Learning Theories Perspective: An Experimental Case Study, discusses two basic approaches to teaching Chinese vocabulary, and evaluates them based on the results of experimental study on Slovene students of Chinese.The next two papers deal with the different lexica in Japanese language. Nataliia Vitalievna Kutafeva's research, entitled Japanese Onomatopoeic Expressions with Quantitative Meaning analyzes the lexical mode of expression of quantitative meanings and their semantics with the help of onomatopoeic (giongo) and mimetic (gitaigo) words, and based on it proposes the new arrangement of semantic groups.Kiyomi Fujii’s research, entitled Blogging Identity: How L2 Learners Express Themselves, discusses identity expression in blogs by Japanese language learners on the intermediate and advanced level.The paper by Nagisa Moritoki Škof, Japanese Language Education and Dyslexia: On the Necessity of Dyslexia Research, shows an insight to dyslexia and through an outline of the present state of accepting and treating leaning disabilities in the Japanese education system stresses the importance of incounting dyslexia in language education in general.Manel Herat in his paper Functions of English vs. Other Languages in Sri Lankan Buddhist Rituals in the UK, analyzes the language shifts from the Sinhala and Pali languages to English at Buddhist festivals and sermons in UK. Next paper by Ali Ammar and his colleagues, Language Policy and Medium of Instruction Issue in Pakistan, briefly re-explores the situation of languages in the country and studies the latest language policy of Pakistan and its implications for local languages.The last research paper in this volume Bhadarwahi: A Typological Sketch was written by Amitabh Vikram Dwivedi and is an attempt to describe phonological and morphosyntactic features of the under-documented Bhadarwahi language belonging to Indo-Aryan language family.Finally, in the context of describing under-documented languages, the influence of the existing language policy is also noticed by Erwin Soriano FERNANDEZ and his book review on Pangasinan, entitled Panuntunán na Ortograpiya éd salitan PANGASINAN 2012. Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino.
Median Nerve Symptoms, Signs, and Electrodiagnostic Abnormalities Among Working Adults
Authors: Hegmann Kurt T. , Merryweather Andrew , Thiese Matthew S. , Kendall Richard , Garg Arun , Kapellusch Jay , Foster James , Drury David , Wood Eric M. , Melhorn J. Mark 
Published: July 2018

Introduction:
Diagnostic screening tests for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) have not been rigorously assessed in large populations.

Methods:
This study is a cross-sectional analysis from a prospective cohort study. Participants' (n = 1,194) symptoms and disease prevalence were measured. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (NPVs) were calculated.

Results:
When defining CTS as tingling/numbness in at least two median nerve–served digits and an abnormal median nerve conduction study, the prevalence was 8.9%. The sensitivity of paresthesias with nocturnal awakening was 77.4%. The sensitivity of the Phalen sign was 52.8% and that of the Hoffman-Tinel sign was only 37.7%.

Discussion:
The highest sensitivity (77.4%) for a case definition of CTS in this population of workers was for nocturnal tingling/numbness in a median nerve distribution, and the highest specificity (97.5%) was for continuous tingling/numbness. The Phalen sign has a sensitivity of 52.8% and NPV of 95%, suggesting that the NPV is of particular diagnostic value. Hoffman-Tinel signs seem primarily helpful for the NPV (93.7%).

Level of Evidence:
Level II diagnostic study
Janus Membranes: Creating Asymmetry for Energy Efficiency
Authors: Yang Hao‐Cheng , Xie Yunsong , Hou Jingwei , Cheetham Anthony K. , Chen Vicki , Darling Seth B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMembranes are recognized as a key component in many environment and energy‐related applications, but conventional membranes are challenged to satisfy the growing demand for ever more energy‐efficient processes. Janus membranes, a novel class with asymmetric properties on each side, have recently emerged and represent enticing opportunities to address this challenge. With an inner driving force arising from their asymmetric configuration, Janus membranes are appealing for enhancing energy efficiency in a variety of membrane processes by promoting the desired transport. Here, the fundamental principles to prepare Janus membranes with asymmetric surface wettability and charges are summarized, and how they work in conventional and unconventional membrane processes is demonstrated.
Advanced Organic and Polymer Whispering‐Gallery‐Mode Microresonators for Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Light
Authors: Venkatakrishnarao Dasari , Mamonov Evgeniy A. , Murzina Tatiana V. , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembled organic and polymer optical whispering‐gallery‐mode resonators (WGMRs) are emerging as a potential alternative to traditional inorganic resonators. In the beginning, this article presents a brief overview of the key parameters of interest in WGMRs and nonlinear optical properties. Later, recent results are surveyed demonstrating exciting properties of self‐assembled organic and polymer WGMRs of various shapes in the amplification of linear and nonlinear optical effects due to a strong light confinement associated with WGM excitation.
Sex bias in rhinology research
Authors: Stephenson Elizabeth D. , Farzal Zainab , Zanation Adam M. , Senior Brent A. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAnalysis of general surgery literature has revealed noteworthy sex bias and underreporting. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of sex bias and underreporting in rhinology.MethodsAll articles in 2016 issues of Rhinology, the American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy (AJRA), and the International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology (IFAR) were reviewed. Of 369 articles, 248 met inclusion criteria. Excluded studies were cadaveric, meta‐analysis/review, and editorial. Data collected included study type, demographics, and sex‐based statistical analysis.ResultsThere were 202 clinical and 46 basic science/translational studies. From 188 of 202 clinical studies with known sex, 1 included participants of a single sex. Sex matching >50% (SM50) was found in 81.9%, and 55.9% performed sex‐based statistical analysis. Domestic clinical studies performed sex‐based analysis more frequently than international (54.9% vs 44.4%) and exhibited a higher rate of SM50 (84.5% vs 80.3%), though these differences were not statistically significant. For basic/translational studies, 54.5% (24/44) provided sex breakdown. Among these, 29.2% included 1 sex, and 8.3% performed sex‐based analysis. Of 10 using animals, 70.0% utilized 1 sex. The remaining 30.0% did not report sex. None of 4 cell line studies reported cell sex. Less than half (46.2%) of domestic and 56.3% of international studies reported sex breakdown; 7.7% of domestic and 3.0% of international studies performed sex‐based analysis.ConclusionAlthough sex may impact outcomes, research without sex reporting and analysis is prevalent, particularly among basic science/translational studies. Future research must account for sex in demographics and analysis to best inform evidence‐based clinical guidelines.
Untersuchung von Ionenhydratation und Ionenpaarbildung mittels THz‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Schwaab Gerhard , Sebastiani Federico , Havenith Martina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDie Hydratation von Ionen ist wichtig für das Verständnis fundamentaler Prozesse. Die Verlangsamung der Dynamik von H‐Brücken in der Umgebung von Anionen und Kationen wurde bereits mit verschiedensten spektroskopischen Methoden untersucht. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt THz‐FTIR‐Spektroskopie als wichtige Methode, um noch offene Fragen zu klären. Durch eine geschickte Zerlegung von THz‐Spektren können sowohl charakteristische Schwingungen von stark hydratisierten Ionen in ihrem umgebenden “Solvatkäfig” als auch die schwingungsinduzierten Ladungsfluktuationen von schwach solvatisierten Ionen separiert werden. Eine weitergehende Analyse liefert zudem Informationen zur Kooperativität von Kationen und Anionen, der Größe der dynamischen Hydrathülle sowie den Lebensdauern kollektiver Ionen‐Solvatwasser‐Moden und der Zustände des damit verbundenen thermischen Bades. Durch Hinweise auf nicht‐additives Verhalten wird das vereinfachende Hofmeister‐Modell infrage gestellt. Für hohe Salzkonzentrationen wurde mittels THz‐Spektroskopie Ionenpaarbildung beobachtet und quantifiziert.
Arylfluorsulfat‐basierte Elektrophile für die kovalente Proteinmarkierung
Authors: Martín‐Gago Pablo , Olsen Christian A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDie selektive kovalente Modifikation eines Zielproteins wird in der chemischen Biologie und Wirkstoffforschung für Aufgaben von der Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von Proteinen und ihren Funktionen bis hin zur Entwicklung zielgerichteter Inhibitoren angewendet. Die meisten kovalenten Liganden weisen ein Affinitätsmotiv und eine elektrophile Gruppe auf, die mit einer nukleophilen Seitenkette des Zielproteins reagiert. Da das Elektrophil unspezifisch mit Nukleophilen reagieren und diese dadurch modifizieren kann, muss seine Reaktivität sorgfältig angepasst werden, um die Selektivität für das Zielprotein zu maximieren. Arylfluorsulfate, latente Elektrophile für die selektive Markierung kontextspezifischer Tyrosin‐ und Lysinseitenketten in Proteintaschen, werden seit jüngerer Zeit als elektrophile Gefechtsköpfe für selektive und kovalente Proteinmodifikationen eingesetzt. Ihr Potenzial für Anwendungen in der chemischen Biologie und Wirkstoffforschung wird in diesem Kurzaufsatz herausgestellt.
An On‐Tissue Paternò–Büchi Reaction for Localization of Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds in Phospholipids and Glycolipids by Matrix‐Assisted Laser‐Desorption–Ionization Mass‐Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Bednařík Antonín , Bölsker Stefan , Soltwisch Jens , Dreisewerd Klaus 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) visualizes the distribution of phospho‐ and glycolipids in tissue sections. However, C=C double‐bond (db) positional isomers generally cannot be distinguished. Now an on‐tissue Paternò–Büchi (PB) derivatization procedure that exploits benzaldehyde as a MALDI‐MSI‐compatible reagent is introduced. Laser‐induced postionization (MALDI‐2) was used to boost the yields of protonated PB products. Collision‐induced dissociation of these species generated characteristic ion pairs, indicative of C=C position, for numerous singly and polyunsaturated phospholipids and glycosphingolipids in mouse brain tissue. Several db‐positional isomers of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine species were expressed with highly differential levels in the white and gray matter areas of cerebellum. Our PB‐MALDI‐MS/MS procedure could help to better understand the physiological role of these db‐positional isomers.