bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Cycling Reliability of In-Mold Direct Write Additively Printed Integrator and Active Low-Pass Filter
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Musa Fatahi , Miller Scott 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In-Mold Electronics (IME) represents a cutting-edge technology that integrates printed electronics within plastic components via film insert molding. A significant advantage of IME technology is its ability to produce electronic devices that are both flexible and stretchable, thus retaining functionality under various forms of physical stress including bending and stretching. This study investigates the impact of thermal cycling on the electrical performance of thermoformed conductive traces and electrical circuitry on Polycarbonate (PC) substrates, specifically under standard automobile grade 3 cycling conditions. A comparative analysis was conducted between encapsulated and un-encapsulated samples to assess the influence of encapsulation on the reliability of the printed traces. Additionally, the study examined the performance of stretchable electrically conductive adhesives (ECA) subjected to thermal cycling. The findings demonstrate the reliability of thermoformed, additively printed traces using direct write technology when exposed to thermal cycling. The results also highlight the significant effect of encapsulation on the durability of these printed traces. Furthermore, the study evaluated the performance and reliability of thermoformed Printed Active Lowpass Filters and Integrators under thermal cycling by comparing experimental results with simulations conducted using LTspice software. The study provides great understanding on the long-term reliability of IME components in automobile applications, ensuring their effective performance and durability over extended periods.
Learning a Trauma-Sensitive Sport Model: Programme Implementation Experiences
Authors: Shaikh Majidullah , Culver Diane M. , Forneris Tanya 
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the learning experiences of youth sport leaders as they implemented a trauma-sensitive sport model in a Canadian youth-serving organisation. Using Wenger-Trayner and Wenger-Trayner’s value-creation cycle, the study assesses the value generated through leaders’ participation in ongoing social learning opportunities and programme implementation. Two cohorts of leaders participated in this study, and data were collected through interviews, knowledge surveys, and communications on an online workspace. The qualitative thematic analysis offered insights of the diverse learning interactions and value generated in these interactions, and these findings were further complemented by the quantitative findings. The results indicated that leaders encountered various learning interactions (e.g., training workshops, applied practice, and peer discussions) and generated in immediate (e.g., enjoyment and peer relationships), applied (e.g., programme facilitation skills, supporting youth’s learning, and youths’ receptivity), realised (e.g., leaders’ knowledge and youths’ behaviour change), and transformative values (e.g., transfer of leaders’ skills and influence on club culture and practices). The study contributes valuable insights into applying trauma-sensitive models in youth sports, emphasising the importance of varied learning interactions and outcomes.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity to Reduce Risk of Long-Term Sickness Absence Across Diverse Subgroups in the Working Population—A Prospective Cohort Study of 68,000 Participants
Authors: Morera Álvaro , Calatayud Joaquín , López-Bueno Rubén , Núñez-Cortés Rodrigo , Bláfoss Rúni , Venge Skovlund Sebastian , Andersen Lars Louis 
Published: November 2024

Background: There is a dearth of knowledge regarding the relationship between engaging in moderate and vigorous physical activity and long-term sickness absence (LTSA), particularly among various population subgroups such as individuals of different ages or body mass indices. We aimed to evaluate the prospective associations of moderate and vigorous leisure-time physical activity with the risk of LTSA in the general working population. Methods: A prospective cohort study with a 2-year register follow-up was conducted, where 68,222 representative workers from Denmark completed a questionnaire about work environment, lifestyle, and health. Data on LTSA (≥6 consecutive weeks of sickness absence) were obtained from the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalization. We used Cox regression for the statistical analysis, adjusting for relevant confounding factors. We also performed age- and BMI-stratified analyses. Results: In the fully adjusted model, 2 to 4 hours per week of moderate activity (hazard ratios [HR] = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.99) and ≥2 hours per week of vigorous activity reduced LTSA risk compared with no physical activity. However, 2 to 4 hours per week of vigorous activity (HR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.91) provided the greatest risk reduction. In the total sample, the complete absence of vigorous activity was associated with increased risk of LTSA (HR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.22). In stratified analyses, the results were consistent for workers <50 years (HR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.26), ≥50 years (HR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.26), and those with a BMI ≥ 25 (HR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.28). The complete absence of moderate activity was not associated with LTSA. Conclusion: Vigorous leisure-time physical activity appears to be more important than moderate activity to prevent LTSA.
LiaR-dependent gene expression contributes to antimicrobial responses in group A
Streptococcus
Authors: Vega Luis Alberto , Sanson-Iglesias Misú , Mukherjee Piyali , Buchan Kyle D. , Morrison Gretchen , Hohlt Anne E. , Flores Anthony R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The ability to sense and respond to host defenses is essential for pathogen survival. Some mechanisms involve two-component systems (TCSs) that respond to host molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and activate specific gene regulatory pathways to aid in survival. Alongside TCSs, bacteria coordinate cell division proteins, chaperones, cell wall sortases, and secretory translocons at discrete locations within the cytoplasmic membrane, referred to as functional membrane microdomains (FMMs). In group A
Streptococcus
(GAS), the FMM or “ExPortal” coordinates protein secretion, cell wall synthesis, and sensing of AMP-mediated cell envelope stress
via
the LiaFSR three-component system. Previously, we showed that GAS exposure to a subset of AMPs (α-defensins) activates the LiaFSR system by disrupting LiaF and LiaS co-localization in the ExPortal, leading to increased LiaR phosphorylation, expression of the transcriptional regulator SpxA2, and altered GAS virulence gene expression. The mechanisms by which LiaFSR integrates cell envelope stress with responses to AMP activity and virulence are not fully elucidated. Here, we show the LiaFSR regulon is comprised of genes encoding SpxA2 and three membrane-associated proteins: a PspC domain-containing protein (PCP), the lipoteichoic acid-modifying protein LafB, and the membrane protein insertase YidC2. Our data support that phosphorylated LiaR induces transcription of these genes
via
a conserved operator, whose disruption attenuates GAS virulence and increases susceptibility to AMPs in a manner primarily dependent on differential expression of SpxA2. Our work expands our understanding of the LiaFSR regulatory network in GAS and identifies targets for further investigation of mechanisms of cell envelope stress tolerance contributing to GAS pathogenesis.
Do white-footed mice, the main reservoir of the Lyme disease pathogen in the United States, clinically respond to the borrelial tenancy?
Authors: Rogovskyy Artem S. , Pliasas Vasilis C. , Buhrer Ryan , Lewy Keith , Wiener Dominique J. , Jung Yoonsung , Bova Jonathan , Rogovska Yuliya , Kim Sun J. , Jeon Eunhye “Grace” 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

As white-footed mice,
Peromyscus leucopus
, are considered the primary animal reservoir of
Borreliella burgdorferi sensu stricto
(
Bb
), the main agent of Lyme disease (LD) in the United States, these animals represent the most relevant model to study borrelial spirochetes in the context of their natural life cycle. Previous studies have consistently demonstrated that although white-footed mice respond immunologically to the invasion of the Lyme pathogen,
P. leucopus
adults do not develop a clinically detectable disease. This tolerance, which is common for mammalian reservoirs of different pathogens, contrasts with detrimental anti-borrelial responses of C3H mice, a widely used animal model of LD, which always result in a clinical manifestation (e.g., arthritis). The current investigation is a follow-up of our recent study that already showed a relative quiescence of the spleen transcriptome for
Bb
-infected white-footed mice compared to the infected C3H mice. In an effort to identify the mechanism behind this tolerance, in this study, we have evaluated an extensive list of hematological and biochemical parameters measured in white-footed mice after their 70-day-long borrelial infection. Despite missing reference intervals for
Peromyscus
mice, our sex- and age-matched uninfected controls allowed us to assess the blood and serum parameters. In addition, for our assessment, we also utilized behavioral, immunological, and histological analyses. Collectively, by using the metrics reported herein, the present results have demonstrated clinical unresponsiveness of
P. leucopus
mice to the borrelial infection, presenting no restriction to a long-term host–pathogen co-existence.
The ribosome-associated quality control pathway supports survival in the absence of non-stop ribosome rescue factors
Authors: Callan Katrina , Prince Cassidy R. , Feaga Heather A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

In bacteria, if a ribosome translates an mRNA lacking a stop codon it becomes stalled at the 3′ end of the message. These ribosomes must be rescued by
trans
-translation or the alternative rescue factors (ArfA or ArfB). However, mounting evidence suggests that the ribosome quality control (RQC) pathway may also rescue non-stop ribosomes. Here, we surveyed the conservation of ribosome rescue pathways in >15,000 bacterial genomes. We found that
trans
-translation is conserved in >97% of bacterial genomes, while the other rescue pathways are restricted to particular phyla. We did not detect the gene encoding RqcH, the major mediator of RQC, in Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota). In all Proteobacteria investigated to date,
trans
-translation is essential in the absence of the Arf proteins. Therefore, we tested whether expression of RQC components from
Bacillus subtilis
could rescue viability in the absence of
trans
-translation and ArfA in
Escherichia coli
. We found that the RQC pathway indeed functions in
E. coli
and rescues the well-documented synthetic lethal phenotype of ∆
ssrA
∆
arfA
. Moreover, we show that the RQC pathway in
B. subtilis
is essential in the absence of
trans
-translation and ArfA, further supporting a role for the RQC pathway in the rescue of non-stop ribosomes. Finally, we report a strong co-occurrence between RqcH and the ribosome splitting factor MutS2, but present experimental evidence that there are likely additional ribosome splitting factors beyond MutS2 in
B. subtilis
. Altogether, our work supports a role for RQC in non-stop ribosome rescue and provides a broad survey of ribosome rescue pathways in diverse bacteria.

IMPORTANCE

In bacteria, it is estimated that 2%–4% of all translation reactions terminate with the ribosome stalled on a damaged mRNA lacking a stop codon. Mechanisms that rescue these ribosomes are essential for viability. We determined the functional overlap between the ribosome quality control pathway and the classical non-stop rescue systems [alternative rescue factor (ArfA) and
trans
-translation] in a representative Firmicute and Proteobacterium, phyla that are evolutionarily distinct. Furthermore, we used a bioinformatics approach to examine the conservation and overlap of various ribosome rescue systems in >15,000 species throughout the bacterial domain. These results provide key insights into ribosome rescue in diverse phyla.
Draft genome sequence of
Aurantiochytrium
spp. strains L3W, 9LR, 8W, 10W, and 10LW, a fatty acid-producing thraustochytrids from food wastes
Authors: Suenaga Toshikazu , Mitarai Yukine , Anh Tran Nhat , Gotoh Takehiko , Nishijima Wataru , Nakai Satoshi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

We report draft genome sequences of
Aurantiochytrium
spp. strains L3W, 9LR, 8W, 10W, and 10LW isolated from coastal environments. The strains were able to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), confirming the metabolic pathways retained in the genomes.
Genome assembly of a potential probiotic
Bifidobacterium bifidum
BB11 strain isolated from Holstein calves
Authors: Langa Sydwell , Mamphogoro Tshifhiwa Paris 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Here we report the genome sequence of
Bifidobacterium bifidum
BB11 strain, isolated from the Holstein bull calf’s rumen samples. The strain tested positive for probiotic characteristics such as bile salt tolerance, adhesion, and acid tolerance. The genome size was 2,200,000 bp with the guanine and cytosine (G+C) content of 62.5%.
Recombinant chimeric horsepox virus (TNX-801) is attenuated relative to vaccinia virus strains in both
in vitro
and
in vivo
models
Authors: Trefry Stephanie V. , Awasthi Mayanka , Raney Christy N. , Cregger Amy L. , Gonzales Chase A. , Layton Brittney L. , Enamorado Robert N. , Martinez Nelson A. , Gohegan Deborah S. , Masoud-Bahnamiri Masoudeh , Cho Jennifer Y. , Myscofski Dawn M. , Moulaei Tinoush , Ziółkowska Natasza E. , Goebel Scott J. , Lederman Seth , Bavari Sina , Nasar Farooq 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Recombinant chimeric horsepox virus (TNX-801) is a preclinical vaccine in development against mpox and smallpox. In this report, we investigated the potential phenotypic differences in
in vitro
and
in vivo
models between TNX-801 and older vaccinia virus (VACV)-based vaccine strains (VACV-Lis and VACV-NYCBH) used in the eradication of smallpox as well as VACV-WR, VACV-IHD, and MVA. TNX-801 displayed a small plaque phenotype (~1–2 mm) in BSC-40 and Vero-E6 cells. Multi-step replication kinetics in immortalized nonhuman primate cell lines, and human primary cells from dermal and respiratory tracts yielded >10- to 100-fold lower infectious titers than the VACV strains. In addition, the infectious particle-to-genome copy ratio data suggests that TNX-801 genome packaging is ~10- to 100-fold less efficient than the VACV strains and the potential mechanism of TNX-801 attenuation is at the packaging/egress stage. Lastly, the susceptibility to VACV and TNX-801 infection of three new immunocompromised murine models (C56BL/6
Ifnar
−/−
, C56BL/6
Ifngr
−/−
, and C56BL/6
Ifnar
−/−
/
Ifngr
−/−
) was investigated. VACV strains were able to produce severe disease including decrease in body weight and temperature, as well as lethality in murine models via the intraperitoneal or intranasal routes. In contrast to VACV strains, TNX-801 was unable to produce any disease in murine models. These data demonstrate that TNX-801 is >10- to 1,000-fold more attenuated compared to older VACV-based smallpox vaccine strains in human primary cell lines and immunocompromised mice.

IMPORTANCE

Variola and monkeypox viruses are medically important pathogens that can cause fatal human disease. The two FDA-approved vaccines, ACAM-2000 and JYNNEOS, have important advantages and disadvantages. ACAM-2000 offers durable immunity; however, it has high adverse event rates. In contrast, JYNNEOS has a safer profile but requires two doses 4-weeks apart to achieve comparable immunity. Consequently, there is a need for vaccines offering durable immunity via single immunization with minimal adverse events. TNX-801 is a preclinical stage vaccine that can stimulate potent immunity via a single dose and provides protection against lethal mpox disease in the nonhuman primate model. Here, we show that TNX-801 is >10- to 1,000-fold attenuated in
in vitro
and
in vivo
models including human primary cells and immunocompromised murine models than vaccine strains utilized in smallpox eradication. The natural attenuation of TNX-801 and its ability to induce protective immunity via a single vaccination are promising and warrants further development.
Evidence for a Late Cretaceous to Paleogene basement-involved retroarc wedge in the southern U.S. Cordillera: A case study from the northern Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona
Authors: Chapman James B. , Clinkscales Christopher , Trzinski Adam , Daniel Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Late Cretaceous to Paleogene contractional deformation in the southern U.S. Cordillera is commonly attributed to the Laramide Orogeny, in part because of the prevalence of moderate- to high-angle, basement-involved reverse faults. However, it is unclear if the tectonic models developed for the archetypal Laramide foreland belt in the U.S. Rocky Mountain region are applicable to the southern U.S. Cordillera. New geologic mapping of the northern Chiricahua Mountains in southeast Arizona, USA, indicates the presence of an originally sub-horizontal thrust fault, the Fort Bowie fault, and a thin-skinned ramp-flat thrust system that is offset by a younger thrust fault, the Apache Pass fault, that carries basement rocks. Cross-cutting relationships and new geochronologic data indicate deformation on both faults occurred between 60 Ma and 35 Ma. A biotite 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 48 Ma from the hanging wall of the basement-involved Apache Pass fault is interpreted to record erosion related to reverse fault movement and rock uplift. The presence of thrust faults in southeast Arizona raises the possibility of a latest Cretaceous–Eocene retroarc orogenic wedge that linked the Sevier and Mexican thrust belts to the north and south, respectively. Basement-involved deformation does not rule out the presence of a retroarc wedge, and many Cordilleran orogenic systems include basement-involved thrusting.
Flexible ngo-donor coordination in aid interventions to strengthen resilience: the case of Lebanon’s primary healthcare system
Authors: Khodor Rawya , Bou Karroum Lama , El-Jardali Fadi 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionWith shifts in international aid, international donors have increasingly regarded non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as capable of providing alternative public service arrangements. As funding flows to NGOs, particularly in contexts where both actors work towards strengthening health system resilience, NGO-donor relationships evolve. However, despite calls to investigate the contribution of relationships between actors within health systems, including NGOs and their donors, to health system resilience, empirical research is limited. Understanding these relationships is crucial for comprehending their role in fostering resilient health systems. This research fills this gap, by examining how NGO-donor coordination contributes to health system resilience in Lebanon.MethodsThis research focuses on Lebanon’s primary health system, primarily managed by NGOs through contracts and heavily funded by donors. It examines NGOs operating under the national primary healthcare network (PHCN). The participants, including staff from these NGOs and donor agencies funding them, were purposively selected. 31 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The analysis framework relied on a thematic analysis.ResultsThe findings revealed that the flexibility in NGO-donor coordination in Lebanon depends on donors’ trust, regular coordination and donors’ willingness to listen to NGOs’ needs. In this light, they uncovered that flexible NGO-donor coordination enhances NGOs’ resilience capacities in shocks, allowing them to operate flexibly. By strengthening NGOs’ resilience, which contributes to the resilience of the broader health system, this relationship contributes to health system resilience.ConclusionThe findings contradict the mainstream development literature on NGO-donor relationships. The latter focuses on donor funding requirements that often result in rigid NGO-donor coordination, making it difficult for NGOs to be resilient. Rather, they emphasise the donors’ role in implementing flexible development approaches, through flexible NGO-donor coordination, strengthening health system resilience. Overall, this paper contributes to the health system resilience literature by exploring how specific configurations of NGO-donor coordination strengthen health system resilience.
Catatonia in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a case series and approach to improve outcomes with electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Kraiter F. Gabriela , May Dakota T. , Slauer Ryan D. , Abburi Nandini , Eckstein Christopher , Shah Suma , Komisar Jonathan R. , Feigal Jacob P. 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis has been recognised to present with the syndrome of catatonia. In severe cases dysautonomia is representative of malignant catatonia. The treatment with benzodiazepines (BZDs) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may decrease morbidity and mortality in patients presenting with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and catatonia.MethodsThis is a retrospective case series of eight patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis treated with ECT. We use clinical prediction scores (Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis [CASE] and anti-NMDAR Encephalitis One-Year Functional Status scores) to compare expected outcomes and observed outcomes.ResultsCASE scores in our group ranged between 5 and 19, with a mean score of 13.8 (median 15.5). NEOS scores ranged from 2 to 4, with a mean and median of 3. Of the eight patients, six had a favourable modified Rankin Score (0–2) at a follow-up of 8 to 12 months. Patients received an average of 29.9 ECT treatments in total.ConclusionsBased on clinical prediction scores, this cohort had better than expected functional outcomes. We discuss the use of BZDs and ECT in these cases and propose a treatment algorithm for patients who present with catatonic syndrome in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.
Network-based hub biomarker discovery for glaucoma
Authors: Li Min , Liu Shunming , Ma Shuo , Shang Xianwen , Zhang Xiayin , Jason Ha , Huang Yu , Kiburg Katerina , Zhao Ke , Hu Guang , Zhang Lei , Yu Honghua , He Mingguang , Zhang Xueli 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveGlaucoma is an optic neuropathy and the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, the early detection of glaucoma remains challenging, as chronic forms of glaucoma remain largely asymptomatic until considerable irreversible visual field deficits have ensued. Thus, biomarkers that facilitate early diagnosis and treatment for glaucoma patients with a high risk of progression are pressing.Methods and analysisHuman disease–biomarker interactions network and human disease–target–drug interactions network were first constructed based on multiomics data. The greedy search algorithm was used to search for the hub biomarkers and drug targets for glaucoma. Genome-wide association studies and epidemiological data from the UK Biobank were used to verify our results. Biological network and functional analysis was conducted to find common network features and pathways.ResultsWe identified 10 hub biomarkers/drug targets for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for glaucoma. These results were verified by text mining and genomic/epidemiology data. We also predicted the new application of BMP1 and MMP9 to diagnose glaucoma and confirm the theory of hub biomarkers with multiple clinical applications. Further, relevant pivotal pathways for these hub biomolecules were discovered, which may serve as foundations for future biomarker and drug target prediction for glaucoma.ConclusionWe have used a network-based approach to identify hub diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for glaucoma and detected relationships between glaucoma and associated diseases. Several hub biomarkers were identified and verified, which may play more important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.