bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging [CI] around HD 131835: reinterpreting young debris discs with protoplanetary disc levels of CO gas as shielded secondary discs
Authors: Kral Quentin , Marino Sebastian , Wyatt Mark C , Kama Mihkel , Matrá Luca 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Despite being >10Myr, there are ∼10 debris discs with as much CO gas as in protoplanetary discs. Such discs have been assumed to be “hybrid”, i.e., with secondary dust but primordial gas. Here we show that both the dust and gas in such systems could instead be secondary, with the high CO content caused by accumulation of neutral carbon (C0) that shields CO from photodissociating; i.e., these could be “shielded secondary discs”. New ALMA observations are presented of HD131835 that detect ∼3 × 10−3 M⊕ of C0, the majority 40-200au from the star, in sufficient quantity to shield the previously detected CO. A simple semi-analytic model for the evolution of CO, C and O originating in a volatile-rich planetesimal belt shows how CO shielding becomes important when the viscous evolution is slow (low α parameter) and/or the CO production rate is high. Shielding by C0 may also cause the CO content to reach levels at which CO self-shields, and the gas disc may become massive enough to affect the dust evolution. Application to the HD 131835 observations shows these can be explained if α ∼ 10−3; an inner cavity in C0 and CO may also mean the system has yet to reach steady state. Application to other debris discs with high CO content finds general agreement for α = 10−3 to 0.1. The shielded secondary nature of these gas discs can be tested by searching for C0, as well as CN, N2 and CH+, which are also expected to be shielded by C0.
Revised wavelength and spectral response calibrations for AKARI near-infrared grism spectroscopy: Post-cryogenic phase
Authors: Baba Shunsuke , Nakagawa Takao , Usui Fumihiko , Yamagishi Mitsuyoshi , Onaka Takashi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We present a new calibration for the second-order light contamination in the near-infrared grism spectroscopy with the Infrared Camera aboard AKARI, specifically for the post-cryogenic phase of the satellite (Phase 3). Following our previous work on the cryogenic phase (Phases 1 and 2), the wavelength and spectral response calibrations were revised. Unlike Phases 1 and 2, during Phase 3 the temperature of the instrument was not stable and gradually increased from 40 to 47 K. To assess the effect of the temperature increase, we divided Phase 3 into three sub-phases and performed the calibrations separately. As in Phases 1 and 2, we confirmed that there was contamination due to the wavelength dependence of the refractive index of the grism material in every sub-phase. The wavelength calibration curves for the three sub-phases coincided with each other and did not show any significant temperature dependence. The response decreased with temperature by ∼10% from the beginning to the end of Phase 3. We approximated the temperature dependence of the response at a linear relation and derived a correction factor as a function of temperature. The relative fraction of the second-order light contamination to the first-order light was found to be 25% smaller than that in Phases 1 and 2.
Advertising in Young Children's Apps: A Content Analysis
Authors: Meyer Marisa , Adkins Victoria , Yuan Nalingna , Weeks Heidi M. , Chang Yung-Ju , Radesky Jenny 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Young children use mobile devices on average 1 hour/day, but no studies have examined the prevalence of advertising in children's apps. The objective of this study was to describe the advertising content of popular children's apps.

Methods:
To create a coding scheme, we downloaded and played 39 apps played by children aged 12 months to 5 years in a pilot study of a mobile sensing app; 2 researchers played each app, took detailed notes on the design of advertisements, and iteratively refined the codebook (interrater reliability 0.96). Codes were then applied to the 96 most downloaded free and paid apps in the 5 And Under category on the Google Play app store.

Results:
Of the 135 apps reviewed, 129 (95%) contained at least 1 type of advertising. These included use of commercial characters (42%); full-app teasers (46%); advertising videos interrupting play (e.g., pop-ups [35%] or to unlock play items [16%]); in-app purchases (30%); prompts to rate the app (28%) or share on social media (14%); distracting ads such as banners across the screen (17%) or hidden ads with misleading symbols such as “$” or camouflaged as gameplay items (7%). Advertising was significantly more prevalent in free apps (100% vs 88% of paid apps), but occurred at similar rates in apps labeled as “educational” versus other categories.

Conclusion:
In this exploratory study, we found high rates of mobile advertising through manipulative and disruptive methods. These results have implications for advertising regulation, parent media choices, and apps' educational value.
Ketorolac Use and Anastomotic Leak in Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Detailed Analysis
Authors: Hawkins Alexander T. , McEvoy Matthew D. , Wanderer Jonathan P. , Ford Molly M. , Hopkins M. Benjamin , Muldoon Roberta L. , Martin Barbara J. , King Adam B. , Geiger Timothy M. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
Recent population-level analyses have linked ketorolac use to adverse outcomes. However, its use is also associated with decreased opioids and faster return of bowel function.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to assess the association between ketorolac and anastomotic leak. We hypothesize that receiving at least 1 dose of ketorolac will not be associated with anastomotic leak in elective colorectal surgery.

DESIGN:
This is a retrospective, observational cohort study of a prospectively collected data base. Anastomotic leak rates and other patient outcomes were adjusted for patient-level factors and then compared via a multivariable logistic regression. A secondary analysis assessed a dose-response association with anastomotic leak.

SETTING:
This study was conducted at a tertiary care colorectal surgery service.

PATIENTS:
Consecutive patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery with a nondiverted anastomosis were identified from 2012 to 2016.

INTERVENTION:
Exposure was defined as any administration of ketorolac during the perioperative time period.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome measured was anastomotic leak.

RESULTS:
A total of 877 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 479 (54.6%) were women, and the median age was 55 years. Overall, 566 (64.5%) patients were exposed to ketorolac. In the cohort, 27 (3.1%) patients experienced an anastomotic leak. In an unadjusted analysis, there was no association between ketorolac exposure and anastomotic leak (ketorolac: 3.1% vs no ketorolac: 3.3%; p = 0.84). This persisted in a multivariable model (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.38–2.57; p = 0.98). Neither AKI (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 0.51–20.6; p = 0.21), return to the operating room (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.40–2.85; p = 0.88), nor readmission (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.59–1.80; p = 0.93) was associated with ketorolac use. In a secondary analysis of patients receiving ketorolac, there was no association between total ketorolac dosing and anastomotic leak (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99–1.00; p = 0.20).

LIMITATIONS:
This study was a retrospective review, and there was a low incidence of anastomotic leak.

CONCLUSION:
Ketorolac exposure was associated with neither anastomotic leak nor other important postoperative outcomes. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A784.
Vault Changes Caused by Light-Induced Pupil Constriction and Accommodation in Eyes With an Implantable Collamer Lens
Authors: Kato Sayaka , Shimizu Kimiya , Igarashi Akihito 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
An appropriate vault after implantation of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens with a central hole (ICL KS-AP) is important for successful long-term outcomes. In the present study, we used anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to examine dynamic pupil and vault changes under photopic and scotopic conditions and during accommodation in eyes with ICL KS-AP.

Methods:
This retrospective study included patients at an outpatient ophthalmology clinic who underwent ICL KS-AP implantation >1 month before enrollment. All patients underwent dynamic AS-OCT imaging under photopic and scotopic conditions. Patients aged <40 years also underwent imaging in the accommodative and nonaccommodative states. Primary outcome measures were the pupil size and vault at the maximum and minimum pupil sizes.

Results:
This study included 91 eyes of 47 patients (35.5 ± 8.6 years, 21 men). Accommodation was examined in 51 eyes of 26 patients (28.9 ± 5.0 years, 10 men) younger than 40 years. The pupil size was significantly smaller under photopic conditions (3.64 ± 0.77 mm) than under scotopic conditions (4.91 ± 0.75 mm, P < 0.001) and during accommodation (3.88 ± 0.64 vs. 4.10 ± 0.61 mm, P < 0.001). Vault was also significantly lower under photopic conditions (476.1 ± 219.6 μm) than under scotopic conditions (521.1 ± 220.4 μm, P < 0.001) and during accommodation (454.8 ± 224.9 vs. 481.6 ± 219.1 μm, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Vault can be significantly lowered by light-induced pupil constriction and accommodation in eyes with ICL KS-AP.
Predicting Unsuccessful Clozapine Treatment After First Use in Adult Patients With Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Beex-Oosterhuis Marieke M. , Heerdink E.R. (Rob) , Van Gool Arthur R. , van Marum Rob J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Cessation of clozapine therapy and insufficient response may result in relapse of psychotic symptoms and in clinical admissions. However, discontinuation rates are high. Identifying patients at risk for unsuccessful clozapine use might enable clinicians to direct specific attention to them.

Methods/Procedures
Routinely collected data from a large insurance company were used to develop a simple prediction model for unsuccessful clozapine treatment in psychiatric patients 1 year after clozapine was first dispensed by a community pharmacy in the Netherlands. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with the Nagelkerke R
2 statistic as a measure of the predictive value of the model.

Findings/Results
A total of 937 patients were dispensed clozapine for the first time by their community pharmacy between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015 (index date). Of these, 741 patients had started their clozapine treatment in hospital before the index date (inpatient starters); the remaining 196 patients started clozapine as outpatients on the index date (outpatient starters). In 191 patients (20.4%), clozapine treatment was unsuccessful 1 year after the index date. Unsuccessful treatment was more common among outpatient starters than among inpatient starters (32.1% vs 17.3%). Using backward selection of the variables, a model consisting of 61 variables had the best predictive value overall (Nagelkerke R
2 = 0.301), whereas a model consisting of 52 variables had the best predictive value in outpatient starters (Nagelkerke R
2 = 0.676).

Implications/Conclusions
The likelihood of unsuccessful clozapine treatment after 1 year was higher among patients who started clozapine as outpatients. Despite the use of a diversity of variables and different statistical approaches, it was not possible to make a simple prediction model for unsuccessful clozapine treatment using relatively easily accessible data.
Incidentally Detected Focal Fundal Gallbladder Wall Thickening at Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography: Prevalence and Computed Tomography Features of Malignancy
Authors: Corwin Michael T. , Khera Satinderpal S. , Loehfelm Thomas W. , Yang Nuen Tsang , Fananapazir Ghaneh 
Published: October 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and computed tomography (CT) features of malignancy in incidental focal fundal gallbladder wall thickening.

Methods
Patients with incidental focal fundal gallbladder wall thickening on CT were included if they had an ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic of the etiology (n = 19), stability on CT for 1 year (n = 84), or pathological correlation (n = 13). Morphologies were classified as type 1 (nodular/pinched intramural low attenuation), type 2 (intramural low attenuation), type 3 (homogeneous enhancement), type 4 (nodular/pinched homogeneous enhancement), type 5 (intramural cystic spaces), or type 6 (hyperenhancing/heterogeneous enhancement).

Results
One hundred sixteen patients had the following morphologies: type 1 (n = 57), type 2 (n = 10), type 3 (n = 6), type 4 (n = 19), type 5 (n = 14), and type 6 (n = 10). Four cases (3.4%; 95% confidence interval, 0.9%–8.6%) of malignancy were identified (type 6 in 3 and type 3 in 1).

Conclusions
Incidental focal fundal gallbladder wall thickening is usually benign. Computed tomography features help distinguish benign from malignant etiologies.
The Liver Fat Fraction and Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat Volume Distribution in Normal-Weight, Overweight, and Obese Children Using a New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique
Authors: Pirimoglu Berhan , Sade Recep , Islek Ali , Kantarci Mecit 
Published: October 2018

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver fat fraction and subcutaneous and visceral fat volumes using new magnetic resonance imaging in normal-weight, overweight, and obese children.

Methods
Patients at below the 85th percentile of body mass index (BMI) z score (5/25 patients) were assigned to the normal-weight group; patients between 85th and 95th percentile of BMI z score (9/25 patients) were assigned to the overweight group, and patients above the 95th percentile of BMI z score (11/25 patients) were assigned to the obese group. Liver fat fraction and subcutaneous and visceral fat volumes were measured on 3-dimensional volume measurement workstation.

Results
Liver fat fraction and subcutaneous fat volume had weak correlation (r = 0.18, P = 0.411). Liver fat fraction and visceral fat volume revealed weak correlation (r = 0.25, P = 0.672); visceral and subcutaneous fat volume demonstrated strong correlation (r = 0.67, P = 0.047).

Conclusions
There is strong correlation between subcutaneous fat volume and visceral fat volume in overweight and obese children.
Conventional Magnetic Resonance Features for Predicting 1p19q Codeletion Status of World Health Organization Grade II and III Diffuse Gliomas
Authors: Peng Xiaorong , Yishuang Chen , Kaizhou Zhan , Xiao Liqun , Ma Chunnong 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The conventional magnetic resonance features of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II and III diffuse gliomas in relation to chromosome 1p and 19q deletions (1p19q codeletion) were analyzed.

Methods
We identified 147 cases of WHO grade II and III diffuse gliomas (1p/19q codeletion, 36 cases; no 1p/19q codeletion, 111 cases). χ2 Test and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between the imaging features and 1p19q codeletion status of WHO grade II and III diffuse gliomas in the discovery group, including the WHO grade II and III subgroups.

Results
(1) In the entire population, multivariate regression demonstrated that proportion contrast-enhanced tumor (>5% vs ≤5%; odds ratio [OR], 0.169; P = 0.009), enhancing margin (poorly vs well defined; OR, 12.435; P = 0.002), and hemorrhage (yes vs no; OR, 21.082; P < 0.001) were associated with a higher incidence of 1p19q codeletion status. The nomogram showed good discrimination (area under the curve [AUC], 0.803) and calibration. (2) For grade II tumors, subgroup analysis found that enhancing margin (poorly vs well defined; OR, 0.308; P = 0.007) and subventricular zone (presence vs absence−; OR, 0.137; P < 0.001) were associated with a higher incidence of 1p19q codeletion status (AUC, 0.779). (3) For grade III tumors, subgroup analysis found that age (≥40 years vs <40 years; OR, 5.977; P = 0.03) and hemorrhage (yes vs no; OR, 18.051; P < 0.001) were associated with a higher incidence of 1p19q codeletion status (AUC, 0.816).

Conclusions
Conventional magnetic resonance features can be conveniently used to facilitate the preoperative prediction of 1p19q codeletion status of WHO grade II and III diffuse gliomas. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram was clinically useful.
Pancreatic Lymphangioma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Karajgikar Jay , Deshmukh Sandeep 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We report a case of a 29-year-old woman with a pancreatic lymphangioma who presented clinically as a case of acute pancreatitis. Lymphangiomas are benign tumors of vascular origin with lymphatic differentiation, most commonly found in the head and neck. Pancreatic lymphangiomas are extremely rare, accounting for only 1% of abdominal lymphangiomas, with approximately 60 cases reported in the literature. Although imaging findings are characteristic and can point to the diagnosis, confirmation with fine needle aspiration and histopathologic correlation is necessary. Although these lesions are benign, they can often present a diagnostic dilemma and can be mistaken for other cystic pancreatic lesions, namely, pseudocysts, cysts, cystadenomas, and cystadenocarcinomas.
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Outcomes After Surgery and Activity-Adjusted 131I Theragnostics
Authors: Avram Anca M. , Rosculet Natalja , Esfandiari Nazanene H. , Gauger Paul G. , Miller Barbra S. , Cohen Mark , Hughes David T. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine clinical outcomes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after surgery and activity-adjusted 131I therapy informed by diagnostic 131I scans with SPECT/CT (Dx scan).

Methods
Single-institution retrospective cohort study analysis of clinical outcomes after 1 to 5 years (mean, 39.6 ± 23.4 months) of follow-up in 350 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer associated with histopathologic risk factors, nodal metastases, and/or distant metastases. Postoperatively, all patients underwent Dx scans for completion of staging and risk stratification, and 131I therapy was based on integration of information from histopathology, stimulated thyroglobulin and scintigraphy.

Results
Twenty-three patients (6.6%) underwent reoperative neck dissection for removal of unsuspected residual nodal metastases identified on Dx scans. Clinical outcomes were as follows: 84.3% complete response, 1.4% biochemical incomplete response, 2.3% indeterminate response, and 12% structural incomplete response. Of the entire cohort, only 8 patients (2.3%) had persistent iodine-avid metastatic disease, which required repeated 131I therapy. Of 31 patients with iodine-avid distant metastases identified on Dx scans, 13 patients (42%) achieved complete response with a single 131I treatment.

Conclusions
Detection of regional and distant metastases on postoperative Dx scans permits adjustment of prescribed 131I activity for targeted treatment, as compared with fixed-activity ablation. This approach resulted in complete response after a single 131I treatment in 88% patients with histopathologic risk factors and regional metastases and 42% patients with distant metastases. Most patients with structural incomplete response (81%) had elevated thyroglobulin levels with negative follow-up 131I scans and positive PET/CT and/or CT scans consistent with altered tumor biology (non–iodine-avid disease).
Primary and Secondary Breast Angiosarcoma
Authors: Cassou-Mounat Thibaut , Champion Laurence , Bozec Laurence , Laurence Valerie , Huchet Virginie , Luporsi Marie , Jehanno Nina 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Breast angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive tumor. The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in breast angiosarcoma is poorly known. We report a series of 13 lesions in 11 patients with histologically proven primary or secondary breast angiosarcoma who underwent FDG PET/CT at the initial assessment in our institution. All breast lesions showed FDG avidity. Visually and statistically, we observed a significant difference of SUVmax uptake foci between primary and secondary breast angiosarcoma (Wilcoxon test P < 0.0046) and a significantly poorer prognosis for high SUVmax than those with low SUVmax (P = 0.049) regardless of primary or secondary origins.
Hemosiderotic Fibrolipomatous Tumor on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yang Fanhui , Chen Fei , Cao Lingzhi , Lin Shiyu , Li Suping 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A 74-year-old woman with a history of melanoma 10 years ago presented worsening swelling pain associated with a lump in her inner left thigh. Metastatic disease was suspected and for this reason, FDG PET/CT was performed. The images demonstrated peripherally increased FDG activity in the lump with a centrally photopenic region. Postsurgical pathological examination showed a hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor.
Brain Metastases of a Neuroendocrine Tumor Visualized by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Hoberück Sebastian , Michler Enrico , Zöphel Klaus , Platzek Ivan , Kotzerke Jörg , Brogsitter Claudia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A 65-year-old woman with a long history of metastasized, highly differentiated (G1) neuroendocrine tumor of pancreatic origin presented for follow-up 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT after 7 peptide receptor radiotherapies. In the previous scan, she already had discrete intracranial tracer accumulations, which were massively progressive in the recent 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT 8 months later. This case illustrates that cerebral metastases in neuroendocrine tumors may occur many years after initial diagnosis, and their somatostatin receptor expression may rise within a few months to a level that reasonably justifies further peptide receptor radiotherapy.
Use of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Evaluation of Carcinoma Arising From Choledochal Cysts
Authors: He Qiao , Zhang Linqi , Zhang Bing , Zhang Xiangsong 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Choledochal cysts are rare congenital anomalies of the biliary tree, which are more prevalent in female Asian population. Malignant transformation occurs in 10% to 30% of adults with choledochal cysts. A 39-year-old man presented with abdominal pain for 2 months, with irregular thickening of bile duct wall on ultrasound and enhanced CT. Staging with 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated lymph node and liver metastasis. 18F-FDG PET/CT may become a valuable imaging procedure in diagnosing and staging of carcinoma arising from choledochal cysts.
18F-FDG PET/CT Revealing Constrictive Pericarditis as the Only Manifestation of Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Edel Jan Pieter , Balink Hans 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A 57-year-old man presented with shortness of breath and ankle edema. Constrictive pericarditis with an unexplained mass surrounding the heart was diagnosed by ultrasound. Accordingly, 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed. Multiple PET-positive noduli and irregular tissue were located in the pericardium, with pleural fluid present, but without additional pulmonic or pleural pathology. A pericardiectomy was successfully performed. Histopathology and immunohistochemical staining revealed epithelioid mesothelioma.
Enchondroma of Tibia as Potential False-positive Finding on 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT Scan
Authors: Mahajan Sonia , Bodei Lisa , Huicochea Castellanos Sandra , Grewal Ravinder K. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A 70-year-old man with a history of carcinoid tumor of small bowel was referred for 68Ga-DOTATOC study to evaluate the extent of disease. PET/CT scan revealed known metastatic disease in the liver, with other sites of involvement including pancreas, peritoneum, and bones. In addition, moderately intense uptake was noted in proximal right tibia and further correlation on CT showed metaphyseal lesion with “rings and arcs” calcification suggestive of enchondroma. This case highlights the possibility of overexpression of somatostatin receptors in enchondromas, which has been little explored in literature.