bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infragravity Wave Radiation Across the Shelf Break
Authors: Smit P. B. , Janssen T. T. , Herbers T. H. C. , Taira T. , Romanowicz B. A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObservations collected as part of the Cascadia Amphibious Array (Oregon‐Washington coast) show that ocean surface infragravity (IG) waves (periods from 30 to 250 s) in the Pacific Ocean originate from the coastal zone. With the deepest observations at 1909 m, we identify tidal modulation and a dramatic reduction in energy as IG waves cross the shelf break. Observations are consistent with radiation from an isotropic, nearshore source, and provide quantitative verification linking oceanic IG fluctuations with nearshore motions. Our analysis demonstrates that trapping of IG waves on the shelf break strongly reduces energy radiation into ocean basins. Further, for narrow continental shelves (U.S. West Coast), energy levels past the shelf break depend only weakly on shelf geometry. Consequently, oceanic energy levels can be related to coastal sources by scaling relations predicted by geometric optics, simplifying the effort to estimate the impact of radiated IG‐waves on remote sites (e.g., to estimate seismic noise levels or impact on ice shelves).
Retrieval of Atmospheric Profiles in the New York State Mesonet Using One‐Dimensional Variational Algorithm
Authors: Yang Jun , Min Qilong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA one‐dimensional variational (1DVAR) algorithm was developed, which combines measurements taken by the ground‐based microwave radiometer profiler (MWRP) with the Rapid Refresh (RAP) model to retrieve a more accurate temperature and humidity profiles under clear sky. The passive and active microwave‐vector radiative transfer model was used to simulate brightness temperatures and calculate weighting functions for 22 channels of the MWRP. As MWRP measurements are mainly weighted in the lower atmosphere, a measurement adjustment is performed to reduce the contribution from above 10 km. The results of the 1DVAR algorithm have been compared with the MWRP built‐in neural network (NN) retrievals and radiosonde observations, which show that the 1DVAR method outperforms the NN retrieval both in temperature and water vapor. Our statistical study further shows that the water vapor profiles from RAP are biased higher than the radiosonde observations, while the 1DVAR‐retrieved humidity values show significant improvements throughout the entire 10‐km range. The improvements in temperature profiles occur mainly within the lowest 4‐km atmosphere, while upper level retrievals are mostly influenced by initial values. This is consistent with the characteristics of the Jacobian matrix and the background error covariance matrix. The outcomes of 44 clear‐sky cases show that the maximum mean retrieval error of the 1DVAR algorithm is less than 0.2 K for temperature below 4 km and less than 0.15 g/m3 in water vapor density. These results are shown to be significantly better than the NN retrieval (3.0 K and 1.25 g/m3) and also superior to the RAP reanalysis (0.3 K and 0.5 g/m3).
Predicting Health Care Utilization and Charges Using a Risk Score for Poor Adherence in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Rich Kristin Loiselle , Modi Avani C. , Mara Constance , Pai Ahna L. H. , Varnell Charles D. , Turnier Luke , Huber John , Hooper David K. 
Published: June 2018

Pediatric kidney transplant recipients must follow a complicated regimen of timely adherence to immunosuppressant medication, routine blood work, and medical follow-up visits. Failure to adhere to the recommended regimen can result in medical complications and costly treatment. We developed a novel risk score to identify patients at risk for poor adherence behaviors and evaluated whether it would predict future health care utilization and charges. Our risk stratification score combined three simple pass/fail metrics of adherence derived directly from the electronic health record including standard deviation of immunosuppression drug levels, timely laboratory monitoring, and timely clinic visits as indicated by our clinical protocol. Risk for poor adherence was assessed over a three-month period. Linear regression was used to predict subsequent health care charges and utilization. Greater than 75% of patients had some degree of nonadherence risk during the study period, but there were no significant differences found on any outcomes for the overall score. However, when the individual components of the overall risk score were evaluated independently, patients with tacrolimus drug level standard deviation ≥2 (e.g., a marker of poor adherence) had greater health care utilization (e.g., hospitalizations) and increased total charges. Additionally, patients who did not follow up in clinic at least every 4 months had more ED visits and ED-related charges, but fewer hospitalizations. Regular clinic visits and minimizing drug level variation may deter future costly ED visits and hospitalizations. Implications for Impact Statement Nonadherence to immunosuppression medication is costly in terms of impact on health and financially. Having an easy-to-use system to quickly identify patients at risk for nonadherence at the point of care has clinical utility. Intervening on kidney transplant recipients who have high drug level variation or miss clinic visits may deter future costly medical care.
Single (Aim)-Minded Strategies for Demonstrating Value to Payers for Youth With Medical Complexity
Authors: Harris Michael A. , Teplitsky Lena , Nagra Harpreet , Spiro Kim , Wagner David V. 
Published: June 2018

In the current financial climate, health care institutions and providers experience substantial challenges in achieving the Triple Aim in health care reform (i.e., reducing costs, improving health, improving care). The present study describes the successes and challenges of garnering payment for a population health program, Novel Interventions in Children’s Health care (NICH), for youth with both medical and social vulnerability. Using 4 real patient scenarios, this study provides examples of how to use economic data to demonstrate program value to key stakeholders (i.e., insurance providers, hospital administrators) and obtain authorization and payment for services. Health care utilization and cost data were retrieved through retrospective review of patient medical records and hospital financial records. NICH utilized distinct strategies to overcome systemic barriers, demonstrate value, and show need for intervention to key stakeholders. Strategies included highlighting patients’: (a) history of utilization, (b) accumulated medical expenditures, (c) projected costs for anticipated procedures, and (d) social risk linked to poor health and high utilization. We describe each effort using real patient scenarios that feature varied medical conditions including Type 1 diabetes, chronic pain, and failure-to-thrive. Economic data can be a useful tool in garnering support for behavioral health interventions. And while these data offer programs like NICH the opportunity to make the case for investing in an alternative intervention, the strategies utilized by NICH to advocate for services can be applied by pediatric psychologists working with youth with medical complexity and social vulnerability. Implications for Impact Statement In order to increase service access for individuals, families, and medical teams in an ever-changing fiscal environment, psychologists and other behavioral health providers should be prepared to highlight the financial value of their efforts to health care systems and payers. This article provides (a) an example of how a behavioral health program can identify and collect economically relevant data and (b) strategies that use economic data to convince payers to authorize and evaluate the services of such programs. For each of these strategies, we provide real patient scenarios to better illustrate how behavioral health providers can make a compelling case for intervention programs through the strategic presentation of medical, social, and economic data.
Early Childhood Behavioral Health Integration Activities and HealthySteps: Sustaining Practice, Averting Costs
Authors: Buchholz Melissa , Burnett Bridget , Margolis Kathryn L. , Millar Amanda , Talmi Ayelet 
Published: June 2018

The practice of early childhood behavioral health (ECBH) integration in primary care settings promotes optimal care for families with young children while simultaneously improving health care utilization and averting unnecessary health care expenditures. Implementing ECBH integration activities across four domains—screening processes, prevention and health promotion, case-based consultation and intervention, and care coordination—has the potential to enhance the lifelong health and well-being of children and families. Unfortunately, billing and reimbursement for activities focused on prevention, early identification, and early childhood intervention in primary care settings presents challenges. The current article describes a financial analysis of a grant-funded project focused on ECBH activities delivered by pediatric psychologists and psychology fellows. A business case for HealthySteps (HS), an evidence-based intervention to enhance primary care in early childhood, was applied in a site serving a high risk pediatric population. Delivering HS in this pediatric primary care setting yielded significant cost aversion across both maternal and child level interventions. Estimated costs averted exceeded the program operating costs of HS implementation in this setting. In a changing health care landscape that is shifting away from volume-based, fee-for-service models to value-based, cost-control models, optimizing the potential of primary care for early childhood populations is necessary to improve health outcomes and reduce the total cost of care across the life span. Implications for Impact Statement This paper describes concrete mechanisms for assessing potential reduction in total cost of care to the health care system by implementing early childhood behavioral health strategies into primary care settings. Financial analysis of these interventions could be replicated to demonstrate value and make a case for sustainability of integrated ECBH activities in primary care settings.
Real-time beam shaping without additional optical elements
Authors: Fries Felix , Fröbel Markus , Ang Pen Yiao , Lenk Simone , Reineke Sebastian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractProviding artificial light and enhancing the quality of the respective light sources is of continued interest in the fields of solid state, condensed matter, and semiconductor physics. Much research has been carried out to increase the luminous efficiency, lifetime and colour stability of such devices. However, the emission characteristics of a given light source do not necessarily comply with today’s often sophisticated applications. Here, beam shaping addresses the transformation of a given light distribution into a customized form. This is typically achieved by secondary optical elements often sporting elaborate designs, where the actual light source takes up only a small fraction of the system’s volume. Such designs limit the final light source to a single permanent operation mode, which can only be overcome by employing mechanically adjustable optical elements. Here we show that organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) can enable real-time regulation of a beam shape without relying on secondary optical elements and without using any mechanical adjustment. For a red light-emitting two-unit OLED architecture, we demonstrate the ability to continuously tune between strongly forward and strongly sideward emission, where the device efficiency is maintained at an application-relevant level ranging between 6 and 8% of external quantum efficiency for any chosen setting. In combination with additional optical elements, customizable and tuneable systems are possible, whereby the tuning stems from the light source itself rather than from the use of secondary optics.
Phylogenetic-scale disparities in the soil microbial diversity–ecosystem functioning relationship
Authors: Goberna Marta , Verdú Miguel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The historical conditions under which bacterial lineages evolve determine their functional traits, and consequently their contribution to ecosystem functions (EFs). Under significant trait conservatism, which is common in prokaryotes, phylogeny may track the evolutionary history of species and predict their functionality. Productive communities can arise from: (i) the coexistence of functional, and therefore phylogenetically distant lineages, producing high EF rates at large phylogenetic diversity (PD); (ii) the dominance of productive lineages that outcompete other clades, generating high EF at low PD. Community composition will modulate the PD–EF relationship: The effects of anciently divergent lineages, whose deeply conserved functions determine the occupancy of major niches, may differ from that of recently divergent lineages showing adaptations to current conditions. We hypothesized that, in our model Mediterranean ecosystem, EF can be explained both by competitive superiority of ancient lineages and functional complementarity of recent lineages. To test this hypothesis, we sequenced a phylogenetic marker targeting bacteria across 28 soil plots and quantified EF related to microbial productivity, decomposition and nutrient cycling. Plots accumulating recently divergent lineages consistently showed higher EF levels that were slightly modified by the accumulation of ancient lineages. We discuss the assembly processes behind these phylogenetic-scale disparities and the final outcome in terms of ecosystem functioning.
Phylogenetic conservatism of thermal traits explains dispersal limitation and genomic differentiation of Streptomyces sister-taxa
Authors: Choudoir Mallory J , Buckley Daniel H 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The latitudinal diversity gradient is a pattern of biogeography observed broadly in plants and animals but largely undocumented in terrestrial microbial systems. Although patterns of microbial biogeography across broad taxonomic scales have been described in a range of contexts, the mechanisms that generate biogeographic patterns between closely related taxa remain incompletely characterized. Adaptive processes are a major driver of microbial biogeography, but there is less understanding of how microbial biogeography and diversification are shaped by dispersal limitation and drift. We recently described a latitudinal diversity gradient of species richness and intraspecific genetic diversity in Streptomyces by using a geographically explicit culture collection. Within this geographically explicit culture collection, we have identified Streptomyces sister-taxa whose geographic distribution is delimited by latitude. These sister-taxa differ in geographic distribution, genomic diversity, and ecological traits despite having nearly identical SSU rRNA gene sequences. Comparative genomic analysis reveals genomic differentiation of these sister-taxa consistent with restricted gene flow across latitude. Furthermore, we show phylogenetic conservatism of thermal traits between the sister-taxa suggesting that thermal trait adaptation limits dispersal and gene flow across climate regimes as defined by latitude. Such phylogenetic conservatism of thermal traits is commonly associated with latitudinal diversity gradients for plants and animals. These data provide further support for the hypothesis that the Streptomyces latitudinal diversity gradient was formed as a result of historical demographic processes defined by dispersal limitation and driven by paleoclimate dynamics.
miR-16-5p inhibits chordoma cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis by targeting Smad3
Authors: Zhang Hongliang , Yang Kang , Ren Tingting , Huang Yi , Tang Xiaodong , Guo Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAberrantly expressed miRNAs play a crucial role in the development of multiple cancer types, including chordoma. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms are unclear and need to be elucidated. In this study, miRNAs were screened by miRNA array analysis and then confirmed by real-time PCR analysis. We found that miR-16-5p was significantly downregulated in chordoma, and overexpression of miR-16-5p suppressed chordoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo and correlated with the upregulated expression of E-cadherin and downregulated expression of N-cadherin and vimentin. Furthermore, Smad3 was identified as a target of miR-16-5p, and Smad3 was highly expressed in chordoma tissues. Further research showed that knockdown of Smad3 had an effect similar to that of overexpression of miR-16-5p in chordoma cells. Our findings demonstrate that miR-16-5p plays a tumor suppressor role in chordoma progression by targeting Smad3, which could provide a promising prognostic and therapeutic strategy for chordoma treatment.
Hypoxia restrains the expression of complement component 9 in tumor-associated macrophages promoting non-small cell lung cancer progression
Authors: Li Lei , Yang Hong , Li Yan , Li Xiao-Dong , Zeng Ting-Ting , Lin Su-Xia , Zhu Ying-Hui , Guan Xin-Yuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment, including stroma cells, signaling molecules, and the extracellular matrix, critically regulates the growth and survival of cancer cells. Dissecting the active molecules in tumor microenvironment may uncover the key factors that can impact cancer progression. Human NSCLC tumor tissue-conditioned medium (TCM) and adjacent nontumor tissue-conditioned medium (NCM) were used to treat two NSCLC cells LSC1 and LAC1, respectively. Cell growth and foci formation assays were applied to assess the effects of TCM and NCM on cancer cells. The active factors were identified by protein mass spectrometry. Cell growth and foci formation assays showed that 8 of 26 NCM and none of TCM could effectively lead to tumor cell lysis, which was known as tumoricidal activity. And then protein mass spectrometry analysis and functional verifications confirmed that complement component 9 (C9) played a crucial role in the complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)-mediated tumoricidal activity in vitro. Furthermore, immunofluorescent staining revealed that C9 specifically expressed in most alveolar macrophages (AMs) in adjacent lung tissues and a small fraction of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in NSCLC tissues. Most importantly, the percentage of C9-positive cells in AMs or TAMs was responsible for the tumoricidal activity of NCM and TCM. Herein, we found that high expression of C9 in TAMs was a significant independent prognostic factor (P = 0.029), and associated with beneficial overall survival (P = 0.012) and disease-free survival (P = 0.016) for patients with NSCLC. Finally, we unveiled that hypoxic tumor microenvironment could switch the phenotype of macrophages from M1 to M2 forms, accompanying with the downregulation of C9 in TAMs. Collectively, our findings elucidated a novel role of TAMs expressing C9 in the prognosis of NSCLC patients, which provided a promising strategy in the development of anticancer treatments based on the CDC-mediated tumoricidal activity.
Hot-electron transfer in quantum-dot heterojunction films
Authors: Grimaldi Gianluca , Crisp Ryan W. , ten Brinck Stephanie , Zapata Felipe , van Ouwendorp Michiko , Renaud Nicolas , Kirkwood Nicholas , Evers Wiel H. , Kinge Sachin , Infante Ivan , Siebbeles Laurens D. A. , Houtepen Arjan J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThermalization losses limit the photon-to-power conversion of solar cells at the high-energy side of the solar spectrum, as electrons quickly lose their energy relaxing to the band edge. Hot-electron transfer could reduce these losses. Here, we demonstrate fast and efficient hot-electron transfer between lead selenide and cadmium selenide quantum dots assembled in a quantum-dot heterojunction solid. In this system, the energy structure of the absorber material and of the electron extracting material can be easily tuned via a variation of quantum-dot size, allowing us to tailor the energetics of the transfer process for device applications. The efficiency of the transfer process increases with excitation energy as a result of the more favorable competition between hot-electron transfer and electron cooling. The experimental picture is supported by time-domain density functional theory calculations, showing that electron density is transferred from lead selenide to cadmium selenide quantum dots on the sub-picosecond timescale.
Signaling pathway screening platforms are an efficient approach to identify therapeutic targets in cancers that lack known driver mutations: a case report for a cancer of unknown primary origin
Authors: Torres-Ayuso Pedro , Sahoo Sudhakar , Ashton Garry , An Elvira , Simms Nicole , Galvin Melanie , Leong Hui Sun , Frese Kristopher K , Simpson Kathryn , Cook Natalie , Hughes Andrew , Miller Crispin J , Marais Richard , Dive Caroline , Krebs Matthew G , Brognard John 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrecision medicine aims to tailor cancer therapies to target specific tumor-promoting aberrations. For tumors that lack actionable drivers, which occurs frequently in the clinic, extensive molecular characterization and pre-clinical drug efficacy studies will be required. A cell line maintained at low passage and a patient- derived xenograft model (PDX) were generated using a fresh biopsy from a patient with a poorly-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of unknown primary origin. Next-generation sequencing, high throughput signaling network analysis, and drug efficacy trials were then conducted to identify actionable targets for therapeutic intervention. No actionable mutations were identified after whole exome sequencing of the patient’s DNA. However, whole genome sequencing revealed amplification of the 3q and 5p chromosomal arms, that include the PIK3CA and RICTOR genes, respectively. We then conducted pathway analysis, which revealed activation of the AKT pathway. Based on this analysis, efficacy of PIK3CA and AKT inhibitors were evaluated in the tumor biopsy-derived cell culture and PDX, and response to the AKT inhibitor AZD5363 was observed both in vitro and in vivo indicating the patient would benefit from targeted therapies directed against the serine/threonine kinase AKT. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that high throughput signaling pathway analysis will significantly aid in identifying actionable alterations in rare tumors and guide patient stratification into early-phase clinical trials.
Subtractive proteomics to identify novel drug targets and reverse vaccinology for the development of chimeric vaccine against Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Solanki Vandana , Tiwari Vishvanath 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe emergence of drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is the global health problem associated with high mortality and morbidity. Therefore it is high time to find a suitable therapeutics for this pathogen. In the present study, subtractive proteomics along with reverse vaccinology approaches were used to predict suitable therapeutics against A. baumannii. Using subtractive proteomics, we have identified promiscuous antigenic membrane proteins that contain the virulence factors, resistance factors and essentiality factor for this pathogenic bacteria. Selected promiscuous targeted membrane proteins were used for the design of chimeric-subunit vaccine with the help of reverse vaccinology. Available best tools and servers were used for the identification of MHC class I, II and B cell epitopes. All selected epitopes were further shortlisted computationally to know their immunogenicity, antigenicity, allergenicity, conservancy and toxicity potentials. Immunogenic predicted promiscuous peptides used for the development of chimeric subunit vaccine with immune-modulating adjuvants, linkers, and PADRE (Pan HLA-DR epitopes) amino acid sequence. Designed vaccine construct V4 also interact with the MHC, and TLR4/MD2 complex as confirm by docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Therefore designed vaccine construct V4 can be developed to control the host-pathogen interaction or infection caused by A. baumannii.