bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of atmospheric and room temperature plasma and ribosome engineering techniques to enhance the antifungal activity of Bacillus megateriumL2 against Sclerotium rolfsii
Authors: Wei Long‐feng , Wang Yong‐xin , Li Zhu , Pan Hang , Xiao Yang , Sun Ran , Zhao Hao , An Tao‐tao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSclerotium rolfsii is an extremely destructive phytopathogenic fungus that causes significant economic losses. Biocontrol strategies utilizing antagonistic microorganisms present a promising alternative for controlling plant pathogens. Bacillus megaterium L2 has been identified as a potential microbial biocontrol agent in our previous study; however, its efficacy in controlling pathogens has yet to meet current demands. This study aims to enhance the antifungal activity of strain L2 against S. rolfsii R‐67 through a two‐round mutagenesis strategy and to preliminarily investigate the mutagenesis mechanism of the high antifungal activity mutant.RESULTSWe obtained mutant Dr‐77 with the strongest antifungal activity against R‐67, and its cell‐free supernatant significantly reduced the infection potential of R‐67 to Amorphophallus konjac corms, which may be attributed to the antimicrobial compound phenylacetic acid (PAA), and PAA content in Dr‐77 (5.78 mg/mL) was 28.90 times higher than original strain L2. This compound exhibited strong antifungal ability against R‐67, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 0.475 mg/mL, significantly inhibiting mycelial growth and destroying the ultrastructure of R‐67 at EC50 value. Notably, PAA also exhibited broad‐spectrum antifungal activity against six phytopathogens at EC50 value. Moreover, genome analysis revealed nine different gene mutations, including those involved in PAA biosynthesis, and the activities of prephenate dehydratase (PheA) and phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in PAA biosynthesis pathway were significantly increased.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that the elevated PAA content is a primary factor contributing to the enhanced antifungal activity of Dr‐77, and that this mutagenesis strategy offers valuable guidance for the breeding of functional microbial resources. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exploring the multifaceted nature of school inspectors' power dynamics: A comparative analysis of four quality assurance systems
Authors: Gardezi Sarah , McNamara Gerry , Brown Martin , O'Hara Joe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research critically explores the role of school inspectors in driving improvements across diverse educational settings, focusing on the nuanced dynamics of their influence on school leaders' attitudes towards feedback. The study employs French and Raven's ‘The Bases of Social Powers’ framework to investigate the various forms of power wielded by school inspectors. The examination encompasses inspection regimes with varied approaches, ranging from high‐stakes to low‐stakes, each conferring different degrees of authority on school inspectors. Conducted in four jurisdictions—Dubai, Ireland, New Zealand and Pakistan—each characterised by distinct school quality assurance systems, the research aims to provide readers, including academicians, policy makers, quality assurance personnel and school leaders, with examples of current practices and models. Through interviews with school leaders and inspectors, the findings reveal that leaders' perceptions of inspectors' powers influence both their attitudes towards inspectors and their responses to feedback. The six bases of power—reward, coercive, legitimate, referent, expert and informational—as postulated in French and Raven's framework—are identified in the school leaders' responses and highlighted in the structural dynamics of the inspection systems under study, though at varying degrees. Notably, all forms of power hold value in influencing school leaders and driving changes in their practices. While the first three focus on regulating and evaluating school operations, the latter three foster change by inspiring and guiding school leaders. The findings underscore the need for a balanced integration of these power bases in school inspection systems, tailored to the unique contexts of every country. By shedding light on the interplay between power dynamics and school leaders' responsiveness to feedback, this research contributes valuable insights to inform the development and refinement of school inspection systems. The ultimate goal is to maximise the impact of inspections and enhance the efficacy of quality assurance systems in promoting positive change and improvement within diverse educational environments.
Sieve Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Partially Linear Transformation Models With Interval‐Censored Data
Authors: Yuan Changhui , Zhao Shishun , Li Shuwei , Song Xinyuan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPartially linear models provide a valuable tool for modeling failure time data with nonlinear covariate effects. Their applicability and importance in survival analysis have been widely acknowledged. To date, numerous inference methods for such models have been developed under traditional right censoring. However, the existing studies seldom target interval‐censored data, which provide more coarse information and frequently occur in many scientific studies involving periodical follow‐up. In this work, we propose a flexible class of partially linear transformation models to examine parametric and nonparametric covariate effects for interval‐censored outcomes. We consider the sieve maximum likelihood estimation approach that approximates the cumulative baseline hazard function and nonparametric covariate effect with the monotone splines and ‐splines, respectively. We develop an easy‐to‐implement expectation‐maximization algorithm coupled with three‐stage data augmentation to facilitate maximization. We establish the consistency of the proposed estimators and the asymptotic distribution of parametric components based on the empirical process techniques. Numerical results from extensive simulation studies indicate that our proposed method performs satisfactorily in finite samples. An application to a study on hypobaric decompression sickness suggests that the variable TR360 exhibits a significant dynamic and nonlinear effect on the risk of developing hypobaric decompression sickness.
Stabilizing Metal Halide Perovskite Films via Chemical Vapor Deposition and Cryogenic Electron Beam Patterning
Authors: Burns Randy , Chiaro Dylan , Davison Harrison , Arendse Christopher J. , King Gavin M. , Guha Suchismita 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHalide perovskites are hailed as semiconductors of the 21st century. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a solvent‐free method, allows versatility in the growth of thin films of 3‐ and 2D organic–inorganic halide perovskites. Using CVD grown methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) films as a prototype, the impact of electron beam dosage under cryogenic conditions is evaluated. With 5 kV accelerating voltage, the dosage is varied between 50 and 50000 µC cm−2. An optimum dosage of 35 000 µC cm−2 results in a significant blue shift and enhancement of the photoluminescence peak. Concomitantly, a strong increase in the photocurrent is observed. A similar electron beam treatment on chlorine incorporated MAPbI3, where chlorine is known to passivate defects, shows a blue shift in the photoluminescence without improving the photocurrent properties. Low electron beam dosage under cryogenic conditions is found to damage CVD grown 2D phenylethlyammoinum lead iodide films. Monte Carlo simulations reveal differences in electron beam interaction with 3‐ and 2D halide perovskite films.
In situ electrochemical synthesis of atomically dispersed metal sites for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Liu Tingting , Pu Zonghua , Chen Zhangsen , Wu Mingjie , Xia Yongpeng , Liu Sixiang , Chen Ning , Chen Weifeng , Zhang Lei , Chen Zhangxing , Zhang Gaixia , Sun Shuhui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of efficient and robust non‐Pt and low‐Pt catalysts with equivalent or even superior performance to commercial Pt‐based catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly desired, but challenging, in the field of water electrolysis. Herein, we report a facile and cost‐effective in situ electrochemical approach for the synthesis of atomically dispersed metal sites including platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), and palladium (Pd) on the polyaniline (PANI) support. The PANI exhibits not only high electrochemical conductivity but also efficient H+ capture from hydronium ions, leading to the formation of protonated amine groups that can be easily electrochemically reduced to H2 on atomically dispersed metal active sites. As an example, the atomically dispersed Pt sites anchored on carbon cloth‐supported PANI (PANI‐Pt/CC) demonstrate excellent activity and durability toward the HER. The mass activity of PANI‐Pt‐10/CC reaches 25 A mgPt−1, exhibiting a significant enhancement of 50‐fold compared to that of the commercial Pt/C (0.5 A mgPt−1). Therefore, this study presents a universally applicable approach for the design of atomically dispersed metal sites/conducting polymer heterostructures for highly efficient catalysts toward HER and beyond.
Hawking radiation of nonrelativistic scalars: applications to pion and axion production
Authors: Cui Hao-Ran , Tsai Yuhsin , Xu Tao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In studying secondary gamma-ray emissions from Primordial Black Holes (PBHs), the production of scalar particles like pions and axion-like particles (ALPs) via Hawking radiation is crucial. While previous analyses assumed relativistic production, asteroid-mass PBHs, relevant to upcoming experiments like AMEGO-X, likely produce pions and ALPs non-relativistically when their masses exceed 10 MeV. To account for mass dependence in Hawking radiation, we revisit the greybody factors for massive scalars from Schwarzschild black holes, revealing significant mass corrections to particle production rates compared to the projected AMEGO-X sensitivity. We highlight the importance of considering non-relativistic π0 production in interpreting PBH gamma-ray signals, essential for determining PBH properties. Additionally, we comment on the potential suppression of pion production due to form factor effects when producing extended objects via Hawking radiation. We also provide an example code for calculating the Hawking radiation spectrum of massive scalar particles "Image missing".
Axion species scale and axion weak gravity conjecture-like bound
Authors: Seo Min-Seok 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As a cutoff scale of quantum gravity, the species scale can be defined by the scale at which the perturbativity of the non-renormalizable gravitational interaction begins to break down. Since it is determined by the number of species in the effective field theory, we can find the close connection to the distance conjecture, which predicts the lowering of the cutoff at the asymptotic limit of the moduli space caused by the descent of a tower of states from UV. Meanwhile, the same kind of the cutoff scale can be obtained from any non-renormalizable interaction, in particular the interaction between the axion and the gauge field through the θF ∧ F term. Demanding this ‘axion species scale’ not to exceed the gravitational species scale, we obtain the bound (8π2/g2)f ≲ MPl. This is quite similar to the axion weak gravity conjecture bound, but can be applied to any gauge as well as the string interactions which are relevant to towers of states. We also investigate the implications of the (axion) species scale and the axion weak gravity conjecture-like bound by considering the Peccei-Quinn charge reduction of black hole through the interaction between black hole and the string or wormhole.
Fluctuation theorems, quantum channels and gravitational algebras
Authors: Cirafici Michele 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this note we study nonequilibrium fluctuations in gravitational algebras within de Sitter space. An essential aspect of this study is quantum measurement theory, which allows us to access the dynamical fluctuations of observables via a two-point measurement scheme. Using this formalism, we establish specific fluctuation theorems. Additionally, we demonstrate that quantum channels are represented by subfactors, using the relationship between measurement theory and quantum channels. We also comment on implementing a quantum channel using Jones’ theory of subfactors.
Psychiatriekritik auf die Straße bringen. Mad Pride-Paraden und Blaue Karawane als Arbeit an der Multiplizität
Authors: Ramm Ronda , Binder Beate , Seeck Francis 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags stehen performative Artikulationen von Psychiatriekritik bei Demonstrationen: Wir betrachten Mad Pride-Paraden, die in verschiedenen deutschen Städten seit 2013 durchgeführt werden, in Relation zu Aktionen der Bremer „Blauen Karawane“ – einer Bewegung, die in den 1980er Jahren im Zuge der Auflösung einer psychiatrischen Großklinik entstand. Obwohl sie in unterschiedlichen zeitlich-lokalen Kontexten situiert sind, setzen beide auf Formen des Straßenprotests, um die Grenzziehung zwischen „normal“ und „verrückt“ infrage zu stellen und die gleichberechtigte Anerkennung psychischer Alterität voranzubringen. Eine detaillierte Untersuchung der Aktionsformen unterstreicht die Bedeutung von karnevaleskem Feiern, Provokationen und Spektakel für beide Formen der Psychiatriekritik. Wir argumentieren, dass diese Formen Kritik erfahrbar und zugleich Entwürfe einer anderen – besseren – Gesellschaft greifbar machen. Um diese Aspekte herauszuarbeiten, greifen wir auf queer- und gendertheoretische Überlegungen sowie auf Ansätze der Performance Studies zurück. Die Betrachtung von Mad Pride-Paraden und Blauer Karawane in ihren jeweiligen Kontexten offenbart Ähnlichkeiten in der Art und Weise, wie Kritik am Ausschluss von psychischer Alterität geübt wird, macht aber auch Unterschiede in Hinblick auf Betroffenheit, Teilhabe und Argumentationen deutlich.
Versorgung von diametaphysären Unterarmfrakturen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Rüther H. , Spering C. , Fortini L. , Dresing K. , Lehmann W. , Radebold T. 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Operationsziel
Die Osteosynthese bei dislozierten diametaphysären Unterarmfrakturen dient der Wiederherstellung von Anatomie und Funktion. Durch die Versorgung mit einer antegraden intramedullären Nagelosteosynthese im Radius sollen Länge, Rotation und Achse im Rahmen der altersspezifischen Korrekturgrenzen wiederhergestellt werden. Die ausreichende Stabilität gewährleistet eine frühfunktionelle Nachbehandlung ohne Last.

Indikationen
Dislozierte diametaphysäre Unterarm- oder Radiusfrakturen, die sich nicht geschlossen, stabil reponieren lassen oder außerhalb der altersspezifischen Korrekturgrenzen verbleiben.

Kontraindikationen
Radius- oder Unterarmfrakturen, die sich distal oder proximal des definierten Areals befinden. Im Zugangsweg befindliche Weichteildefekte, Kontaminationen oder Infekte.

Operationstechnik
Im Verlauf des Thompson-Zugangs wird der Soft-Spot zwischen M. extensor digitorum und M. extensor carpi radialis brevis aufgesucht und eine ca. 3–4 cm Hautinzision durchgeführt. Dann stumpfes Präparieren bis auf den Knochen unter Schonung des N. radialis profundus und superficialis. Retraktion der Muskulatur mit 2 Langenbeck-Haken. Eröffnen der Kortikalis mit einem Pfriem. Gegebenenfalls kann zuvor ein 2,5-mm-Bohrer mit Gewebeschutz bei sehr harter Kortikalis verwendet werden. Der TEN-Durchmesser (TEN = Titanium Elastic Nail) wird so gewählt, dass er etwa zwei Drittel des Markraumes ausfüllt. Es empfiehlt sich, ein Abflachen der TEN-Kufe mit einer Parallelflachzange durchzuführen. Nach geschlossener Reposition wird der TEN dann bis vor die Wachstumsfuge unter leicht rotierenden Bewegungen gebracht. Der TEN wird am proximalen Ende umgebogen und oberhalb der Muskelbäuche abgekniffen. Alternative Verfahren sind die Kirschner-Draht-Osteosynthese oder der retrograde TEN von radial oder dorsal, mit oder ohne additive Biegung.

Weiterbehandlung
Ziel der Osteosynthese ist die frühfunktionelle Nachbehandlung ohne Last. Sportkarenz wird für 8 Wochen empfohlen. Die Metallentfernung kann nach Konsolidierung zwischen 3 und 6 Monaten erfolgen.

Ergebnisse
Deutlich dislozierte bzw. außerhalb der Korrekturgrenzen liegende Radius- und Unterarmfrakturen im Kindesalter zeigen nach beschriebener Osteosynthesetechnik sehr gute Behandlungsergebnisse bei geringem Risikoprofil. Eine Pseudarthrose konnte genauso wie Nervenschäden nicht beobachtet werden. Eine sekundäre Dislokation trat nicht ein.
On the relation between urban road network and distribution centre location strategy of Franchise retail firms
Authors: Segi Shunsuke , Kobayashi Kiyoshi , Matsushima Kakuya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFranchise retailers such as supermarkets and convenience stores have achieved greater efficiency in delivering products to their chain stores by locating distribution centres (DCs) within or near cities. In this study, we propose that the reduction of product transportation time due to the construction of intra-urban roads facilitates the location of distribution centres. To this end, we model the inventory management behaviour of franchise retailers and show that distribution centres have two functions: (1) consolidating the inventory holding risk faced by individual chain stores and (2) achieving larger lot sizes when purchasing goods from outside the city. We then analyse the effects of facilitating logistics by improving intra-city roads on reorganizing the location patterns of chain stores and distribution centres in the city and on improving the convenience of shopping for consumers.
Integrating sentiment information for risk prediction: the case of crude oil futures market in China
Authors: Jiang Zhe , Lu Yunguo , Zhang Lin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper incorporates investor sentiment indexes into the traditional standard heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model to improve its power on predicting crude oil futures risk. Using the 5-min high-frequency trading data to construct the daily realized volatility, the original and revised HAR models are used for in-sample regression and out-of-sample forecasting on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis. The results show that the sentiment indexes and the search trend contain incremental information for forecasting the realized volatility of INE crude oil futures in the short and medium term. The search volume is the best indicator for weekly risk forecasting of INE crude oil futures. No robust index can improve the performance of HAR-type model on long-term risk prediction. This paper thus highlights that market participants should select appropriate strategies to minimize risk when volatility is at stake for their decisions.
Evaluating the clinical potential of bioceramic-rods for revascularization in osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a systematic review
Authors: Lu Xiao , Lu Yajie , Wang Zhen , Jin Fangchun , Wang Yicheng , Lu Jianxi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the safety, reliability, and effectiveness of bioceramic rods (BR) in treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), compared with other treatments such as core decompression and autologous bone grafting.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources
Pubmed, Embase, and CNKI databases from January 2011 to July 2023.

Eligibility criteria for study selection
Included studies involved patients treated with bioceramic rods. Studies were required to have a follow-up time of more than six months and no statistically significant differences in baseline information between groups in controlled studies. Exclusions included literature reviews, case reports, conference abstracts, animal experiments, and studies without defined success criteria or lacking analysis on factors influencing efficacy.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome measure was the Harris Hip Score (HHS) improvement rate. Secondary outcomes included the femoral head stability and survival rate, alongside the hip replacement rate.

Results
The systematic review revealed significant improvements in symptom relief and functional recovery using BR for the treatment of ONFH. An average follow-up of 20.44 months showed an overall HHS improvement rate of 33.93%. Hip preservation efficacy with BR was superior to core decompression and autologous bone grafting. The overall femoral head survival rate was 84.42%, with results sustained for three years. The success rate of hip preservation was notably higher with early intervention, which showed better outcomes when the overall HHS improvement exceeded 27%, and rates of excellent and good outcomes approached 90%.

Conclusions
Bioceramic rods offer a safe, minimally invasive, reliable, and effective treatment option for ONFH, ensuring substantial symptom relief and functional recovery. The technique’s success in early disease stages suggests a strong potential for broader clinical adoption. Although additional benefits from combining BR with stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, and traditional Chinese medicine are noted, definitive conclusions on enhanced therapeutic effects remain inconclusive.
The microglial translocator protein (TSPO) in Alzheimer’s disease reflects a phagocytic phenotype
Authors: Garland Emma F. , Antony Henrike , Kulagowska Laura , Scott Thomas , Rogien Charlotte , Bottlaender Michel , Nicoll James A. R. , Boche Delphine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTranslocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial protein expressed by microglia, ligands for which are used as a marker of neuroinflammation in PET studies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We previously showed increasing TSPO load in the cerebral cortex with AD progression, consistent with TSPO PET scan findings. Here, we aim to characterise the microglial phenotype associated with TSPO expression to aid interpretation of the signal generated by TSPO ligands in patients. Human post-mortem sections of temporal lobe (TL) and cerebellum (Cb) from cases classified by Braak group (0–II, III–IV, V–VI; each n = 10) were fluorescently double labelled for TSPO and microglial markers: Iba1, HLA-DR, CD68, MSR-A and CD64. Quantification was performed on scanned images using QuPath software to assess the microglial phenotype of TSPO. Qualitative analysis was also performed for TSPO with GFAP (astrocytes), CD31 (endothelial cells) and CD163 (perivascular macrophages) to characterise the cellular profile of TSPO. The percentage of CD68+TSPO+ double-labelled cells was significantly higher than for other microglial markers in both brain regions and in all Braak stages, followed by MSR-A+TSPO+ microglia. Iba1+TSPO+ cells were more numerous in the cerebellum than the temporal lobe, while CD64+TSPO+ cells were more numerous in the temporal lobe. No differences were observed for the other microglial markers. TSPO expression was also detected in endothelial cells, but not detected in astrocytes nor in perivascular macrophages. Our data suggest that TSPO is mainly related to a phagocytic profile of microglia (CD68+) in human AD, potentially highlighting the ongoing neurodegeneration.