bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neglectable Impact of Delayed Graft Function on Long-term Graft Survival in Kidneys Donated After Circulatory Death Associates With Superior Organ Resilience
Authors: de Kok Michèle J. , McGuinness Dagmara , Shiels Paul G. , de Vries Dorottya K. , Nolthenius Joanne B. Tutein , Wijermars Leonie G. , Rabelink Ton J. , Verschuren Lars , Stevenson Karen S. , Kingsmore David B. , McBride Martin , Ploeg Rutger J. , Bastiaannet Esther , Schaapherder Alexander F. , Lindeman Jan H. 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
To explore putative different impacts of delayed graft function (DGF) on long-term graft survival in kidneys donated after brain death (DBD) and circulatory death (DCD).

Background:
Despite a 3-fold higher incidence of DGF in DCD grafts, large studies show equivalent long-term graft survival for DBD and DCD grafts. This observation implies a differential impact of DGF on DBD and DCD graft survival. The contrasting impact is remarkable and yet unexplained.

Methods:
The impact of DGF on DBD and DCD graft survival was evaluated in 6635 kidney transplants performed in The Netherlands. DGF severity and functional recovery dynamics were assessed for 599 kidney transplants performed at the Leiden Transplant Center. Immunohistochemical staining, gene expression profiling, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were used to identify differentially activated pathways in DBD and DCD grafts.

Results:
While DGF severely impacted 10-year graft survival in DBD grafts (HR 1.67; P < 0.001), DGF did not impact graft survival in DCD grafts (HR 1.08; P = 0.63). Shorter dialysis periods and superior posttransplant eGFRs in DBD grafts show that the differential impact was not caused by a more severe DGF phenotype in DBD grafts. Immunohistochemical evaluation indicates that pathways associated with tissue resilience are present in kidney grafts. Molecular evaluation showed selective activation of resilience-associated pathways in DCD grafts.

Conclusions:
This study shows an absent impact of DGF on long-term graft survival in DCD kidneys. Molecular evaluation suggests that the differential impact of DGF between DBD and DCD grafts relates to donor-type specific activation of resilience pathways in DCD grafts.
Objective Assessment of Fitness to Perform (FTOP) After Surgical Night Shifts in the Netherlands
Authors: Tummers Fokkedien H. M. P. , Huizinga Coen R. H. , Stockmann Hein B. A. C. , Hamming Jaap F. , Cohen Adam F. , van der Bogt Koen E. A. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Surgical skills and decision making are influenced by alertness, reaction time, eye-hand coordination, and concentration. Night shift might impair these functions but it is unclear to what extent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a night shift routinely impairs the surgeon's fitness to perform and whether this reaches a critical limit as compared to relevant frames of reference.

Methods:
Consultants (n = 59) and residents (n = 103) conducted fitness to perform measurements at precall, postcall, and noncall moments. This validated self-test consists of an adaptive tracker that is able to objectively measure alertness, reaction time, concentration, and eye-hand coordination, and multiple visual analog scales to subjectively score alertness. Results are compared to sociolegal (ethanol) and professional (operative skills) frames of reference that refer to a decrease under the influence of 0.06% ethanol.

Results:
Residents spent 1.7 call hours asleep on average as compared to 5.4 for consultants. Subjective alertness decreased in residents after night shifts (−13, P < 0.001) but not in consultants (−1.2, P = NS). The overnight difference in tracker score was −1.17 (P < 0.001) for residents and 0.46 (P = NS) for surgeons. Postcall subjective alertness only correlated to objective alertness in consultants. For residents, hours slept on-call correlated to objective alertness. For consultants, subsequent night calls significantly correlated to objective alertness, with the third subsequent call related to performance below the reference.

Conclusions:
Consultants remain fit to perform after night call, but subsequent calls may compromise clinical activities. This study provides insight and awareness of individual performance with clear frames of reference.
Comparison of Surgical Intervention and Mortality for Seven Surgical Emergencies in England and the United States
Authors: Markar Sheraz R. , Vidal-Diez Alberto , Patel Kirtan , Maynard Will , Tukanova Karina , Murray Alice , Holt Peter J. , Karthikesalingam Alan , Hanna George B. 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
To examine differences between England and the USA in the rate of surgical intervention and in-hospital mortality for 7 index surgical emergencies.

Background:
Considerable international variation exists in the configuration, provision, and outcomes of emergency healthcare.

Methods:
Patients aged <80 years hospitalized with 1 of 7 surgical emergencies (ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, appendicitis, perforated esophagus, peptic ulcer, small bowel or large bowel, and incarcerated or strangulated hernias) were identified from English Hospital Episode Statistics and the USA Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2006–2012) and classified by whether they received a corrective surgical intervention. The rates of surgical intervention and population mortality were compared between England and the USA after adjustment for patient demographic factors.

Results:
From 2006 to 2012, there were 136,047 admissions in English hospitals and 1,863,626 admissions in US hospitals due to the index surgical emergencies.
Proportion of patients receiving no surgical intervention, for all 7 conditions was greater in the England (OR 4.25, 1.55, 8.53, 1.92, 2.06, 2.42, 1.75) and population in-hospital mortality was greater in England (OR 1.34, 1.67, 2.22, 1.65, 2.7, 4.46, 3.22) for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, appendicitis, perforated esophagus, peptic ulcer, small bowel or large bowel, and incarcerated or strangulated hernias respectively.
In England (where follow-up was available), lack of utilization of surgery was also associated with increased in-hospital and long-term mortality for all conditions.

Conclusion:
England and US hospitals differ in the threshold for surgical intervention, which may be associated with increases in mortality in England for these 7 general surgical emergencies.
Penetrating Crohn Disease Is Not Associated With a Higher Risk of Recurrence After Surgery
Authors: Maggiori Léon , Brouquet Antoine , Zerbib Philippe , Lefevre Jérémie H. , Denost Quentin , Germain Adeline , Cotte Eddy , Beyer-Berjot Laura , Munoz-Bongrand Nicolas , Desfourneaux Véronique , Rahili Amine , Duffas Jean-Pierre , Pautrat Karine , Denet Christine , Bridoux Valérie , Meurette Guillaume , Faucheron Jean-Luc , Loriau Jérome , Souche Regis , Vicaut Eric , Panis Yves , Benoist Stéphane 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess recurrence risk factors following ileocolonic resection (ICR) for Crohn disease (CD) in a nationwide cohort study

Summary Background Data:
Recurrence rate after ICR for CD can be up to 60%, but its predictive factors have never been evaluated in large prospective cohort studies.

Methods:
From 2013 to 2015, 346 consecutive patients undergoing ICR for CD and a postoperative ileocoloscopy within 6 to 12 months after surgery at 19 academic French centers were included prospectively.

Results:
Twelve-month postoperative endoscopic (Rutgeerts score ≥i2) and clinical recurrence rates were 57.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 54.2–61.0] and 11.3% (95% CI, 9–13.6), respectively. A total of 185 patients (54%) had a postoperative CD prophylaxis, comprising thiopurine in 69 (20%), or anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in 93 (27%). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, absence of postoperative smoking {odds ratio [OR] = 0.60 (95% CI, 0.40–0.91); P = 0.016}, postoperative prophylaxis [OR = 0.60 (95% CI, 0.41–0.88); P = 0.009], and penetrating disease behavior [OR = 0.58 (95% CI, 0.39–0.86); P = 0.007] were the only independent predictors of reduced endoscopic recurrence risk. Postoperative prophylaxis [OR 0.31 (95% CI, 0.15–0.66); P = 0.002), and penetrating behavior [OR = 00.36 (95% CI, 0.16–0.81); P = 0.013), were the only independent predictors of reduced clinical recurrence risk. Postoperative anti-TNF therapy was associated with a significant reduction of both 12-month risks of endoscopic (P < 0.001) and clinical (P = 0.019) recurrences.

Conclusion:
Absence of postoperative smoking, CD prophylaxis, and penetrating disease behavior could be independent predictors of reduced postoperative recurrence after ICR for CD. Prophylactic anti-TNF therapy reduces both endoscopic and clinical recurrence rates. It suggests that upfront surgery followed by postoperative anti-TNF therapy is probably the best therapeutic approach for complex CD (penetrating disease behavior).
Variation in the Use of Resection for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
Authors: Fenton Hayley M. , Taylor John C. , Lodge J. Peter A. , Toogood Giles J. , Finan Paul J. , Young Alastair L. , Morris Eva J. A. 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate variation in the frequency of resections for colorectal cancer liver metastases across the English NHS.

Background:
Previous research has shown significant variation in access to liver resection surgery across the English NHS. This study uses more recent data to identify whether inequalities in access to liver resection still persist.

Methods:
All adults who underwent a major resection for colorectal cancer in an NHS hospital between 2005 and 2012 were identified in the COloRECTal cancer data Repository (CORECT-R). All episodes of care, occurring within 3 years of the initial bowel operation, corresponding to liver resection were identified.

Result:
During the study period 157,383 patients were identified as undergoing major resection for a colorectal tumor, of whom 7423 (4.7%) underwent ≥1 liver resections. The resection rate increased from 4.1% in 2005, reaching a plateau around 5% by 2012. There was significant variation in the rate of liver resection across hospitals (2.1%–12.2%). Patients with synchronous metastases who have their primary colorectal resection in a hospital with an onsite specialist hepatobiliary team were more likely to receive a liver resection (odds ratio 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–1.35) than those treated in one without. This effect was absent in resection for metachronous metastases.

Conclusions:
This study presents the largest reported population-based analysis of liver resection rates in colorectal cancer patients. Significant variation has been observed in patient and hospital characteristics and the likelihood of patients receiving a liver resection, with the data showing that proximity to a liver resection service is as important a factor as deprivation.
Urethral Injury and Other Urologic Injuries During Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision
Authors: Sylla Patricia , Knol Joep J. , D’Andrea Anthony P. , Perez Rodrigo O. , Atallah Sam B. , Penna Marta , Hompes Roel , Wolthuis Albert , Rouanet Philippe , Fingerhut Abe 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
To identify risk factors for urethral and urologic injuries during transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) and evaluate outcomes.

Background:
Urethral injury is a rare complication of abdominoperineal resection (APR) that has not been reported during abdominal proctectomy. The Low Rectal Cancer Development Program international taTME registry recently reported a 0.8% incidence, but actual incidence and mechanisms of injury remain largely unknown.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of taTME cases complicated by urologic injury was conducted. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, intraoperative details, and outcomes were analyzed, along with surgeons’ experience and training in taTME. Surgeons’ opinion of contributing factors and best approaches to avoid injuries were evaluated.

Results:
Thirty-four urethral, 2 ureteral, and 3 bladder injuries were reported during taTME operations performed over 7 years by 32 surgical teams. Twenty injuries occurred during the teams’ first 8 taTME cases (“early experience”), whereas the remainder occurred between the 12th to 101st case. Injuries resulted in a 22% conversion rate and 8% rate of unplanned APR or Hartmann procedure. At median follow-up of 27.6 months (range, 3–85), the urethral repair complication rate was 26% with a 9% rate of failed urethral repair requiring permanent urinary diversion. In patients with successful repair, 18% reported persistent urinary dysfunction.

Conclusions:
Urologic injuries result in substantial morbidity. Our survey indicated that those occurring in surgeons’ early experience might best be reduced by implementation of structured taTME training and proctoring, whereas those occurring later relate to case complexity and may be avoided by more stringent case selection.
Endocrinopathies and cancer cachexia
Authors: Dev Rony , Del Fabbro Egidio , Dalal Shalini 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Cancer cachexia cannot be easily reversed by standard nutritional support and interventions directed at underlying metabolic derangements may be needed to prevent or reverse cachexia and maintain healthy body composition. The following review will highlight the contribution and potential therapeutic interventions for insulin resistance, alterations in ghrelin signaling, and hypogonadism in cancer patients.

Recent findings
In addition to decreased caloric intake, chronic inflammation, and altered metabolism of glucose, proteins and lipids, endocrine abnormalities can propagate weight loss or changes in body composition in cancer patients.

Summary
Cancer cachexia, loss of muscle mass with or without the loss of fat mass, is a multifactorial syndrome, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Currently, limited therapeutic options for the treatment of weight loss in cancer patients exist, which lead to clinically meaningful improvements in weight gain and performance status. Treatment directed at underlying insulin resistance, low testosterone, and altered ghrelin sensitivity, in the future, may lead to potential therapeutic options for loss of lean body mass and cancer cachexia.
Novel sensory paradigms for neuromodulation in disorders of consciousness in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Padua Luca , Cuccagna Cristina , Pazzaglia Costanza 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. In cases of severe TBI, disorders of consciousness (DoC) can occur and therapeutic options for these conditions are few and of limited efficacy. Sensory stimulation, an instrument to improve arousal and awareness, is frequently applied in the neurorehabilitation of DoC, but scientific evidence supporting its efficacy is limited. Our aim is to review the recent literature concerning novel sensory paradigms used in sensory stimulation protocols in DoC following TBI.

Recent findings
Recent studies on sensory stimulation have investigated different types of stimulation protocols, focusing on the issue of how to demonstrate that improvements are related to the treatment applied and not to spontaneous recovery. Moreover, these studies have also shown that paraclinical tests should be useful not only to discover signs of awareness when behavioural assessment fails to do so, but also to measure the effects of sensory stimulation.

Summary
Future studies about novel types of sensory stimulation, whose effects should be possibly measured through paraclinical approaches, are recommended in order to increase the probability that the proper individualized stimulation is administered for each patient.
Alternative routes for recovery of hand functions after corticospinal tract injury in primates and rodents
Authors: Isa Tadashi , Mitsuhashi Masahiro , Yamaguchi Reona 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Recent studies on various corticospinal tract (CST) lesions have shown the plastic changes at a variety of motor systems after the lesion. This review provides the alternative routes associated with the motor functional recovery after the CST lesions at various levels in nonhuman primates and rodents.

Recent findings
In the case of the motor cortical lesions, the perilesional area compensates for the lesion. In contrast, sprouting of the corticoreticular tracts was observed after the lesions involving sensorimotor cortical areas. After the internal capsule lesion, sprouting in the cortico-rubral pathway contributes to the recovery. In case of the pyramidal lesion, rubrospinal and reticulospinal tracts play a role of the functional recovery. After the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) lesion at C4/C5, the indirect pathway via propriospinal tract contributes to the recovery. In case of the hemisection at lower cervical cord, the CST fibers sprouted from the bilateral motor cortex and descended to the contralesional DLF and crossed below the lesion area.

Summary
The central pathways can change their structure and activity dynamically depending on the lesion sites and size. Revealing the difference of the alternative pathways should be crucial to understand the whole recovery mechanism and develop the further neurorehabilitative treatment.
Evaluation of the JBI scoping reviews methodology by current users
Authors: Khalil Hanan , Bennett Marsha , Godfrey Christina , McInerney Patricia , Munn Zac , Peters Micah 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
In 2014, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports published a comprehensive methodology for the conduct and reporting of scoping reviews based on previous frameworks and guidance. Further work on scoping review methodology and particularly reporting is needed. To assist with refinements to the methodology, this survey was undertaken to evaluate users’ experiences of following the process methodology. An electronic survey was generated to explore authors’ experiences with the methodology and to seek feedback on the stages of scoping review development.

Method:
An online survey administered using Qualtrics – a secure survey platform – was distributed through invitations to a total of 51 registered users in the Joanna Briggs Database of Systematic reviews and Implementation reports. We analysed the questionnaire data using descriptive statistics. The qualitative data were grouped together, and free text comments were inductively themed and coded by the authors.

Results:
Thirty-one participants completed the survey (response rate of 61%). The majority of the participants identified themselves as researchers (55%) followed by educators (25%). Most participants were university employees (77%) and only 10% were based in hospitals. Forty-two percent of the participants reported that the scoping review they had been involved with had taken between 6 and 12 months, and 32% of participants spent over a year completing their reviews. Eighty-seven percent of participants stated that their scoping reviews led to further work such as developing a systematic review, a basis for a grant application, formation of a part of students’ doctoral studies, and informing further work in a research project. Some of the limitations listed by the participants were the lack of examples in each section of the methodology, especially in the inclusion criteria, and presentation of the results sections.

Conclusion:
The overall evaluation by the participants of the JBI scoping review methodology highlighted the need for additional detailed guidance for inclusion criteria and presentation of the results. Provision of clear examples for each step was also requested for future improvement.
The fragility of randomized trial outcomes underlying management of dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infections
Authors: Meyer Chase , Bowers Aaron , Tritz Daniel , Fuller Kaleb , Wayant Cole , Cook Courtney , Torgerson Trevor , Som Mousumi , Vassar Matt 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The fragility index is calculated by changing one outcome event to a nonevent within a trial until the associated P value exceeds 0.05. In this study, we assessed the robustness, risk of bias (RoB), and power of randomized controlled trials that underlie recommendations set forth by the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) on managing dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infections.

Methods:
All citations referenced in the guidelines were screened for inclusion criteria. The fragility indexes for eligible trials were then calculated. The likelihood and sources of bias in the included trials were evaluated by the Cochrane ‘RoB’ Tool 2.0.

Results:
The median fragility index for the 52 trials was three events. Five studies (9.6%) resulted in a fragility index of 0 when statistical analysis was applied. For the 52 trials, 12 (23.1%) were at a low RoB, 15 (28.8%) had some concerns, and 25 (48.1%) were at a high RoB. High RoB was most commonly due to bias of selection in the reported result (15.5%).

Conclusion:
A median of three events was needed to nullify statistical significance in 52 trials that underpin guideline recommendations on the management of dyspepsia and H. pylori infections. In addition, concerns for RoB were found for these trials.
Effect of respiratory muscle training session on ankle muscle activity in athletes with chronic low back pain performing overhead squats: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Borujeni Behnam Gholami , Yalfani Ali 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a respiratory muscle training session on ankle muscle activity in athletes with chronic low back pain performing overhead squats.

Methods:
The current double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 24 patients randomly selected as the training group and 23 patients as the control group. The training group received the respiratory muscle training protocol. The electromyography activity of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius medialis and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles of the dominant leg was recorded in the participants.

Results:
The findings showed that a session of respiratory muscle training reduced the activities of some ankle joint muscles when performing overhead squats, including tibialis anterior in the static and dynamic overhead squat tests and peroneus longus in the ascending phase. In the dynamic test, the angle to reach peak activity changed in tibialis anterior in the descending phase and also in tibialis anterior and peroneus longus in the ascending phase.

Conclusion:
Effects of respiratory muscle training prevented excessive ankle joint muscle activity through stimulating local muscles while performing overhead squats, which had indicated an improved postural control and multisectional proprioception to maintain postural stability and stimulated the local muscles of the core area.
Bayesian estimation of IVW and MR-Egger models for two-sample Mendelian randomization studies
Authors: Uche-Ikonne Okezie , Dondelinger Frank , Palmer Tom 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe present our package,mrbayes,for the open source software environment R. The package implements Bayesian estimation for IVW and MR-Egger models, including the radial MR-Egger model, for summary-level data in Mendelian randomization analyses. Users have the option of fitting the models using either JAGS or Stan software packages. We have implemented a choice of prior distributions for the model parameters, namely; weakly informative, non-informative, a joint prior for the MR-Egger model slope and intercept, and an informative prior (pseudo-horseshoe prior), or the user can specify their own prior. Similar prior distributions are included using the Stan software with the exception of a user-defined prior. We include We show how to use the package through an applied example investigating the causal effect of BMI on acute ischemic stroke. In future work, we plan to provide functions for Multivariable MR estimation.