bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid monitoring of Chlorella vulgaris using non-invasive near-infrared spectral imaging
Authors: Pääkkönen Salli , Pölönen Ilkka , Calderini Marco , Yli-Tuomola Aliisa , Ruokolainen Visa , Vihinen-Ranta Maija , Salmi Pauliina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicroalgal lipids are molecules of biotechnological interest for their application in sustainable food and energy production. However, lipid production is challenged by the time-consuming and laborious monitoring of lipid content in microalgae. This study aimed to predict the lipid content of Chlorella vulgaris cultivations based on non-invasively collected near-infrared (NIR) range hyperspectral data. A gravimetric analysis of total lipids was used as reference data (between 2 and 22% per dry weight) to compare three different models to determining the lipid content. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network and partial least squares models performed at a similar level. Both models could predict the lipid content of Chlorella dry weight with an error of 4%pt (root mean squared error). The index-based linear regression model performed the weakest of the three models, with the error of the prediction being 6%pt. Nile Red staining was used to visualise lipids on a microscope and lipid class analysis to resolve the lipid classes that explained most of the increase in lipids in Chlorella. A SHAP algorithm (SHapley Additive exPlanations) was used to analyse the wavebands of NIR spectra that were important for predicting the total lipid content. The results show that spectral data, when combined with an adequate algorithm, could be used to monitor microalgae lipids non-invasively in a closed system, in a way that has not previously been demonstrated with an imaging system.
Optimizing operations of flexible assembly systems: demonstration of a digital twin concept with optimized planning and control, sensors and visualization
Authors: Sobottka Thomas , Halbwidl Christoph , Gaal Alexander , Nausch Matthias , Fuchs Benedikt , Hold Philipp , Czarnetzki Leonhard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the development of an optimized planning and control method for flexible manufacturing and assembly systems. While the significant potential of flexible manufacturing concepts to help producers adapt to market developments is recognized, the complexity of the flexible systems and the need to optimally plan and control them is a major obstacle in their practical implementation. Thus, this paper aims to develop a comprehensive digital planning method, based on a digital twin and to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach for practical application scenarios. The approach consists of four modules: (1) a simulation-based optimization module that applies reinforcement learning and genetic algorithms to optimize the module configuration and job routing in cellular reconfigurable manufacturing systems; (2) a synchronization module that links the physical and virtual systems via sensors and event handling; (3) a sensor module that enables a continuous status update for the digital twin; and (4) a visualization module that communicates the optimized plans and control measures to the shop floor staff. The demonstrator implementation and evaluation are implemented in a learning factory. The results include solutions for the method components and demonstrate their successful interaction in a digital twin, while also pointing towards the current technology readiness and future work required to transfer this demonstrator implementation to a full-scale industrial implementation.
Inter-rater Agreement in Multi-informant Reports of Psychosocial Functioning of Pediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Survivors
Authors: Zope Manali , Hocking Matthew C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectives: For pediatric cancer survivors in the post-treatment, school-reintegration period, integrating multi-informant reports and promoting a mutual clinician–family–school understanding of the child’s needs are critical for comprehensive care. This study evaluated patterns of agreement between child, parent, and teacher reports of psychosocial functioning in pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) and non-CNS solid tumor survivors (PSTS). Participants and Methods: PBTS (n = 51) and PSTS (n = 34) age 7–14 who received tumor-directed therapy completed the study. Parents and teachers completed the CBCL/TRF and SSIS, and parents and children completed the PedsQL and PROMIS peer relationships. Intra-class correlation coefficients, % disagreements, t-tests, and correlations quantified inter-rater agreement. Results: Analysis yielded poor-to-moderate ICC levels across measures. Parent–teacher agreement was higher for reports of externalizing symptoms. Parents had higher ratings of child-internalizing problems, but lower ratings of overall social skills than teacher ratings. Parents had higher ratings of child emotional functioning and social skills compared to self-reports. Conclusions: Findings underscore the necessity for integrating multi-informant reports of psychosocial functioning in assessment for pediatric cancer survivors. Findings also highlight critical gaps in mutual parent–teacher–child understanding, indicating the need for increased collaboration in the post-treatment period.
Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography and Hyperspectral Imaging for Automated Structural Health Monitoring of Carbon Fibre Aircraft Structures
Authors: El-Sharkawy Yasser H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStructural health monitoring of carbon fiber components is critical in high-stakes applications such as aerospace and prosthetics. Carbon fiber’s exceptional mechanical properties demand precise defect detection to ensure safety and longevity. This paper reviews recent advancements in monitoring carbon fiber aircraft structures using a custom optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system. This innovative system integrates hyperspectral imaging with automated classifiers to detect and classify both surface and subsurface defects, including roughness and cracks. By employing OCT with magnitude and quantitative phase imaging algorithms, the study introduces methods for detailed three-dimensional visualization of material defects. The high-resolution capabilities of the OCT system enable accurate and automated crack detection, enhancing reliability in critical applications. The paper also addresses challenges in deploying these advanced systems in practical scenarios, such as integration with existing maintenance protocols and data interpretation. It explores the potential of combining OCT with other non-destructive evaluation techniques to improve monitoring accuracy. These advancements contribute to more reliable, non-invasive monitoring of carbon fiber structures, with significant implications for safety and performance in various industries.
Improving power by conditioning on less in post-selection inference for changepoints
Authors: Carrington Rachel , Fearnhead Paul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Post-selection inference has recently been proposed as a way of quantifying uncertainty about detected changepoints. The idea is to run a changepoint detection algorithm, and then re-use the same data to perform a test for a change near each of the detected changes. By defining the p-value for the test appropriately, so that it is conditional on the information used to choose the test, this approach will produce valid p-values. We show how to improve the power of these procedures by conditioning on less information. This gives rise to an ideal post-selection p-value that is intractable but can be approximated by Monte Carlo. We show that for any Monte Carlo sample size, this procedure produces valid p-values, and empirically that noticeable increase in power is possible with only very modest Monte Carlo sample sizes. Our procedure is easy to implement given existing post-selection inference methods, as we just need to generate perturbations of the data set and re-apply the post-selection method to each of these. On genomic data consisting of human GC content, our procedure increases the number of significant changepoints that are detected when compared to the method of Jewell et al. (J R Stat Soc Ser B 84(4):1082-1104, 2022).
Be familiar with benign pediatric head and neck lesions! Image interpretation guides to overcome your weakness
Authors: Nakagawa Motoo , Zhao Wenya , Nozawa Kumiko , Aida Noriko , Shiraki Norio , Yasuda Yuki , Hiwatashi Akio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPediatric head and neck lesions include three main categories: congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic. It is important for management to understand the imaging features. The purpose of this pictorial review is to demonstrate the imaging features of benign head and neck lesions of pediatric patients. To get tips on overcoming anxiety about this area, this article also presents pitfalls related to each of these diseases.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Sexuality: A Five-Year Literature Review 2020–2024
Authors: Döring Nicola , Le Thuy Dung , Vowels Laura M. , Vowels Matthew J. , Marcantonio Tiffany L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Millions of people now use generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools in their daily lives for a variety of purposes, including sexual ones. This narrative literature review provides the first scoping overview of current research on generative AI use in the context of sexual health and behaviors.

Recent Findings
The review includes 88 peer-reviewed English language publications from 2020 to 2024 that report on 106 studies and address four main areas of AI use in sexual health and behaviors among the general population: (1) People use AI tools such as ChatGPT to obtain sexual information and education. We identified k = 14 publications that evaluated the quality of AI-generated sexual health information. They found high accuracy and completeness. (2) People use AI tools such as ChatGPT and dedicated counseling/therapy chatbots to solve their sexual and relationship problems. We identified k = 16 publications providing empirical results on therapists’ and clients’ perspectives and AI tools’ therapeutic capabilities with mixed but overall promising results. (3) People use AI tools such as companion and adult chatbots (e.g., Replika) to experience sexual and romantic intimacy. We identified k = 22 publications in this area that confirm sexual and romantic gratifications of AI conversational agents, but also point to risks such as emotional dependence. (4) People use image- and video-generating AI tools to produce pornography with different sexual and non-sexual motivations. We found k = 36 studies on AI pornography that primarily address the production, uses, and consequences of – as well as the countermeasures against – non-consensual deepfake pornography. This sort of content predominantly victimizes women and girls whose faces are swapped into pornographic material and circulated without their consent. Research on ethical AI pornography is largely missing.

Summary
Generative AI tools present new risks and opportunities for human sexuality and sexual health. More research is needed to better understand the intersection of GenAI and sexuality in order to a) help people navigate their sexual GenAI experiences, b) guide sex educators, counselors, and therapists on how to address and incorporate AI tools into their professional work, c) advise AI developers on how to design tools that avoid harm, d) enlighten policymakers on how to regulate AI for the sake of sexual health, and e) inform journalists and knowledge workers on how to report about AI and sexuality in an evidence-based manner.
Clinical Relevance and Mechanistic Underpinnings of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Associated Cardiotoxicities
Authors: Torelli Stefan , Agnihotri Vertica , Zhu Han , Wang Zhao , Cheng Paul , Rhee June-Wha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a major backbone of cancer treatments across a range of malignancies. Observed adverse effects of these targeted therapies include a multitude of clinically relevant cardiotoxicities distinct from those of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies. Over the past decade, TKI cardiotoxicities have gained growing recognition in the field of cardio-oncology. Here, we aim to review clinically relevant cardiotoxicities of TKIs and incorporate relevant preclinical mechanistic data.

Recent Findings
Each TKI class and generation within each class have been associated with a unique cardiotoxicity profile. Broadly, documented cardiotoxicities include arrythmia (atrial and ventricular), heart failure, and vascular complications (thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and atherosclerosis). Recent and progressing basic investigations have begun to unveil mechanistic underpinnings of these toxicities, such as identifying off-target perturbations of specific signaling pathways, but much more work is needed.

Summary
Here, we provide a review of the most clinically relevant cardiovascular toxicities to raise awareness when caring for patients on these drugs. TKIs exemplify the complexity in systemic manipulation of fundamental molecular pathways effects. Translational research in cardio-oncology is of paramount importance which can offer not only a way to better monitor (and prevent) known toxicities, but to more broadly understand and define novel molecular pathways relevant to cardiovascular disease.
EAAT2 Activation Regulates Glutamate Excitotoxicity and Reduces Impulsivity in a Rodent Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Das Sanjay , Mccloskey Kyle , Nepal Binod , Kortagere Sandhya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a systemic disease characterized by motor and nonmotor impairments. Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region in PD disrupts dopamine-glutamate homeostasis in the corticostriatal circuit, contributing to cognitive impairment. In addition, excitatory amino acid transporter-2 (EAAT2), localized predominantly to astrocytes and responsible for > 80% of synaptic glutamate clearance, is downregulated in PD, causing glutamate spillover and excitotoxicity. This altered dopamine-glutamate homeostasis and excitotoxicity may affect reward-mediated decision-making behaviors and promote impulsive behaviors in PD. In this study, we hypothesized that GTS467, a small-molecule activator of EAAT2, could effectively reduce excitotoxicity and treat cognitive impairment without promoting impulsive behavior in PD. Rats that were unilaterally lesioned with the 6-OHDA toxin to produce Parkinsonian symptoms were referred to as lesioned rats. Lesioned rats were trained to meet baseline criteria in a 5-choice serial reaction time task, and the chronic effects of GTS467 were assessed after 3 weeks of treatment. The results showed that chronic treatment with GTS467 significantly improved correct responses and reduced premature impulsive responses and omissions compared with saline treatment. This improvement in performance correlated with a reduction in glutamate levels, an increase in EAAT2 expression, and normalization of NMDA receptor subunit expression and signaling. Furthermore, transcriptomic studies on the prefrontal cortex tissue have shown the differential expression of genes involved in neuroprotection, neuroinflammation, learning, and memory. These results validate the role of glutamate excitotoxicity in promoting impulsive behaviors and suggest that GTS467 can be developed as a therapeutic agent to reduce cognitive impairment and impulsive behaviors in PD.
Mobbing: A characterization in Portuguese workers and its sociodemographic correlates
Authors: Carvalho Célia Barreto , Martins Raquel , Pereira Carolina , Sousa Marina , Costa Rodrigo , Faria Sandra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mobbing is characterized by systematic offensive and reprehensible behaviors perpetrated by one or more individuals toward an individual worker and often has a negative impact on both the victim and the organization. There is a paucity of research examining this issue at a regional level (rural areas) in Portugal; therefore, this study aims to characterize mobbing in a sample of Portuguese workers and explore its relationships with sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., gender, age, having children, length of service, rotational shift, extra training, level of education, leadership role, and activity sector). A total of455 workers (57.4% female) from São Miguel island (Azores) participated in this study, with ages between 18 and 71 years old (M = 37.8, SD = 12.4). A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Portuguese Mobbing Scale (Vaz-Serra et al., 2005) were used. Results revealed that 19.1% of the sample was a victim of mobbing at least once a week. The higher percentages of mobbing in São Miguel island were found for the following dimensions: demands that affect health (8%), life situation offenses (6.9%) and professional quality offenses (3.4%). The male gender, younger age (i.e., 18-37), not having children, lower length of service (i.e., 1-11), rotational shift were associated with higher levels of mobbing victimization. There were no differences regarding extra training, level of education, leadership role, nor activity sector. These results highlight that some demographic groups are at increased risk for mobbing victimization. Thus, organizational leaders and psychologists that work in these contexts should pay particular attention to these groups and promote a positive work environment, including healthy relationships and job satisfaction.
A tale of two time zones: exploring emergency remote learning and stress coping during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Huang Hui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe sudden shift to emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic left higher education institutions unprepared to address the diverse needs of international students. While much of the existing research has broadly identified the challenges international students faced, there has been limited focus on in-depth exploration of the impacts on their well-being and stress-coping, particularly for those studying remotely from their home countries. This qualitative study examines the emergency remote learning experiences of fifteen Chinese international doctoral students enrolled in U.S. institutions while living in China during the pandemic. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and social media posts, the study explores the impact of various stressors from cross-border learning contexts on students’ physical, emotional, social, and academic well-being. In response to these challenges, Chinese international doctoral students developed a range of coping strategies, from self-regulation to seeking social-emotional support. However, many also engaged in negative coping due to inadequate support from institutions and instructors. This study contributes to a deeper theoretical understanding of how contextual factors, particularly social and geopolitical influences, shape the learning experiences and stress-coping mechanisms of international doctoral students in remote settings. Additionally, it provides practical recommendations for higher education institutions to incorporate a more humanizing and empathetic approach in future remote learning programs and emergency responses.
Physical Activity Barriers, Facilitators, and Preferences in Rural Adults with Obesity
Authors: Brown Nashira I. , Abdelmessih Peter , Rogers Laura Q. , Pekmezi Dori 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To identify physical activity-related barriers, facilitators, and preferences among adults with obesity living in rural areas, a scoping review was conducted.

Recent Findings
Ten studies conducted in the United States, Australia, Nepal, and Mexico were included. The barriers reported most often were social/physical environment concerns (e.g., lack of resources/social support), as well as finding time. The one study comparing barriers across obesity classes I-III found minimal differences. Th most frequently reported facilitators included fitness trackers and social interaction/being part of a group. In the only study reporting intervention preferences, residents of rural areas preferred web-based delivery, whereas individuals with obesity favored face-to-face delivery.

Summary
When developing physical activity interventions, it is important to consider environmental and psychosocial factors that can hinder or facilitate engagement among rural adults with obesity. More research on preferences is needed to inform future interventions.
Salt Marsh Habitats and Diamondback Terrapins in a Rapidly Changing Climate: A Review
Authors: Lamont Margaret M. , Osland Michael J. , Baustian Melissa M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The impacts associated with global climate change (e.g., sea-level rise, tropical storms, and warming temperatures) are expected to alter predator–prey interactions, foundation species, and plant community structure in coastal ecosystems. While the complex dynamics of these habitats have been examined under future climate predictions, few ecosystem models incorporate influences from fauna, such as the diamondback terrapin, the only estuarine turtle native to North America. This review examines the impacts of climate change on diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) and the role that terrapins play as higher trophic level predators and keystone species in driving the dynamics of these ecosystems. We also review the potential implications of changes to terrapin populations on coastal ecosystems as a conservation challenge and suggest solutions to advance our understanding of those complex systems. Because of their role as a keystone and area-sensitive species that helps maintain healthy coastal habitats by foraging on herbivorous periwinkle snails, alterations to terrapin life history from climate change are expected, which could have significant impacts to the conservation of coastal habitats. Life history alterations could occur due to individual stressors, such as warming temperatures altering terrapin sex ratios. However, because of the complexity of these coastal systems, these stressors could also act additively or synergistically. Inclusion of faunal taxa such as the diamondback terrapin in modeling efforts examining climate change impacts to coastal ecosystems would better represent the complexity of these habitats thereby providing a more comprehensive evaluation of the entire ecosystem, resulting in more effective conservation strategies.