bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Twist X-Ray: A Novel Test for Dynamic Scapholunate Instability
Authors: Sikora Sheena , Tham Stephen , Harvey Jason , Garcia-Elias Marc , Goldring Tony , Rotstein Andrew , Ek Eugene 
Published: October 2018

Background Scapholunate instability (SLI) is the most common form of carpal instability. Early detection of SLI is imperative as early reconstructive procedures can potentially prevent the natural history of progressive degenerative arthritis. After wrist arthroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the next best noninvasive diagnostic option; however, access still remains costly and is often limited in many health care systems worldwide. In this article, we describe a novel device that allows for dynamic X-rays to be taken, accentuating the scapholunate (SL) widening.
Description of Technique Twist X-ray views are generated by the patient clenching a device that combines the standard clenched fist views with ulnar deviation and supination. The test is easy to perform and functions by combining a higher grip force with the ulnar deviation and pronation effects of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon, thus accentuating the SL gap in dynamic instability.
Patients and Methods We present a series of four patients with dynamic SLI and compare the findings of the Twist X-rays with conventional wrist X-rays series, including standard anteroposterior, lateral, radial, and ulna deviation, clenched fist, and pencil grip views.
Results In all the four patients, there was substantial dynamic SL widening. The SL interval increased from a mean of 1.8 mm (range: 1.5–2.8) on posteroanterior X-rays to 6.3 mm (range: 4.6–8.2) with the Twist views. Interestingly, on the pencil grip view, the mean widening was only 1.5 mm (range: 1–2.8 mm).
Conclusion The authors describe a novel device that allows for improved detection of dynamic SL ligament instability when performing stress X-ray views of the wrist.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.
Grid-like hexadirectional modulation of human entorhinal theta oscillations
Authors: Maidenbaum Shachar , Miller Jonathan , Stein Joel M. , Jacobs Joshua 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The entorhinal cortex plays a critical role in allowing organisms to navigate and represent spatial memories using grid-like representations. Given the importance of spatial processing for everyday life, we examined the patterns of neuronal oscillations in the entorhinal cortex, which are thought to underlie grid cells, in humans using intracranial recordings from neurosurgical patients as they navigated in virtual reality. We show that the power of entorhinal theta oscillations shows a distinctive six-way symmetric directional modulation, suggesting they correlate with grid representations, and that this signal correlates with spatial memory performance. Our findings thus show that the human entorhinal grid network is associated with theta oscillations and indicate that it is possible to measure properties of grid-like neural representations by recording oscillations.
Nonsaturating large magnetoresistance in semimetals
Authors: Leahy Ian A. , Lin Yu-Ping , Siegfried Peter E. , Treglia Andrew C. , Song Justin C. W. , Nandkishore Rahul M. , Lee Minhyea 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceThe intensive recent investigations of topological semimetals have revealed a large number of semimetal compounds that exhibit very large nonsaturating magnetoresistance. Multiple mechanisms for this magnetoresistance phenomenon have been theoretically proposed, but experimentally it is unclear how to identify which mechanism is responsible in a particular sample or how to make a clean connection between experimental observations and theoretical models. Our results show that the magnetic susceptibility and the tangent of the Hall angle successfully capture the fundamental differences in seemingly similar nonsaturating large magnetoresistance, where charge compensation, energy dispersion, and the roles of disorder are markedly distinct, and provide empirical templates to characterize the origins of the extraordinary magnetotransport properties in the newly discovered topological semimetals and beyond.
Progress on the multi bunch FEL performance at FLASH
Authors: Hellert Thorsten , Schmidt Christian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
At the SASE-FEL user facility FLASH, superconducting TESLA-type cavities are used for acceleration. The high achievable duty cycle allows for operating with long bunch-trains, hence considerably increasing the efficiency of the machine. However, RF induced intra-bunch-train trajectory variations were found to be responsible for significant variations of the SASE intensity within one bunch train. This work presents the latest achievements in improving the multi-bunch FEL performance by reducing the intra-bunch-train variation of RF parameters. Particular attention is given to the static and dynamic detuning of the cavities. It will be shown that the current level of LLRF control is suitable to limit the variation of RF parameters considerably.
Development of a new modular switch using a next-generation semiconductor
Authors: Takayanagi T , Ueno T , Horino K 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
An ultra-high-speed short pulse switch for high power devices has been developed by using SiC - MOSFET which is one of the next generation semiconductors. Semiconductor switches using SiC-MOSFETs are expected to substitute the thyratron, and they are designed by connecting many semiconductor switches in parallel-series for high power operation. In order to suppress the common-mode noise caused by switching, it is common to form a symmetrical circuit. How-ever, as the number of parallel connections in the horizontal direction increases, the length of the parallel circuit becomes longer, and the output waveform is distorted due to time lag between the circuits. There-fore, we propose a radially-symmetrical type module switch which can equalize the circuit length regardless of the number of parallel circuit. The design and preliminary test results of two types of switch circuits, radially-symmetrical type and general line-symmetrical type are presented here.
Development of a proton-to-neutron converter for radioisotope production at ISAC-TRIUMF
Authors: Egoriti L. , Augusto R. , Bricault P. , Day Goodacre T. , Delonca M. , Dierckx M. , Houngbo D. , Popescu L. , Ramos J.P. , Rothe S. , Stora T. , Gottberg A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
At ISAC-TRIUMF, a 500 MeV proton beam is impinged upon “thick” targets to induce nuclear reactions to produce reaction products that are delivered as a Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) to experiments. Uranium carbide is among the most commonly used target materials which produces a vast radionuclide inventory coming from both spallation and fission-events. This can also represent a major limitation for the successful delivery of certain RIBs to experiments since, for a given mass, many isobaric isotopes are to be filtered by the dipole mass separator. These contaminants can exceed the yield of the isotope of interest by orders of magnitude, often causing a significant reduction in the sensitivity of experiments or even making them impossible.
The design of a 50 kW proton-to-neutron (p2n) converter-target is ongoing to enhance the production of neutron-rich nuclei while significantly reducing the rate of neutron-deficient contaminants. The converter is made out of a bulk tungsten block which converts proton beams into neutrons through spallation. The neutrons, in turn, induce pure fission in an upstream UCx target. The present target design and the service infra-structure needed for its operation will be discussed in this paper.
Cognitive control involves theta power within trials and beta power across trials in the prefrontal-subthalamic network
Authors: Zavala Baltazar , Jang Anthony , Trotta Michael , Lungu Codrin I , Brown Peter , Zaghloul Kareem A 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the medial prefrontal cortex participates in conflict and feedback monitoring while the subthalamic nucleus adjusts actions. Yet how these two structures coordinate their activity during cognitive control remains poorly understood. We recorded from the human prefrontal cortex and the subthalamic nucleus simultaneously while participants (n = 22) performed a novel task involving high conflict trials, complete response inhibition trials, and trial-to-trial behavioural adaptations to conflict and errors. Overall, we found that within-trial adaptions to both conflict and complete response inhibition involved changes in the theta band while across-trial behavioural adaptations to both conflict and errors involved changes in the beta band (P < 0.05). Yet the role each region’s theta and beta oscillations played during the task differed significantly between the two sites. Trials that involved either within-trial conflict or complete response inhibition were associated with increased theta phase synchrony between the medial prefrontal cortex and the subthalamic nucleus (P < 0.05). Despite increased synchrony, however, increases in prefrontal theta power were associated with response inhibition, while increases in subthalamic theta power were associated with response execution (P < 0.05). In the beta band, post-response increases in prefrontal beta power were suppressed when the completed trial contained either conflict or an erroneous response (P < 0.05). Subthalamic beta power, on the other hand, was only modified during the subsequent trial that followed a conflict or error trial. Notably, these adaptation trials exhibited slower response times (P < 0.05), suggesting that both brain regions contribute to across-trial adaptations but do so at different stages of the adaptation process. Taken together, our data shed light on the mechanisms underlying within-trial and across-trial cognitive control and how disruption of this network can negatively impact cognition. More broadly, however, our data also demonstrate that the specific role of a brain region, rather than the frequency being utilized, governs the behavioural correlates of oscillatory activity.
The Effect of Negative Aging Self-Stereotypes on Satisfaction With Social Support
Authors: Cheng Sheung-Tak 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have demonstrated a relationship between negative age self-stereotypes and social support satisfaction. This study examined whether negative age stereotype plays a causal role, and whether health anxiety is a possible mediator, in this relationship.MethodsA total of 114 Chinese older persons were randomly assigned into three experimental conditions. In two of the conditions, participants were primed with either negative or positive age stereotypes using a sentence unscrambling task, before responding to measures of self-perception of aging, health anxiety, and satisfaction with family and nonfamily support. Those in the control condition responded to the same questions without priming.ResultsMain effects of priming were found across the board except for satisfaction with nonfamily support. In general, participants primed with negative age stereotypes reported more negative self-perception of aging, higher health anxiety, and lower satisfaction with family support, compared with control or those primed with positive age stereotypes. However, the effect on family support satisfaction could not be explained by concomitant experimental effect on health anxiety.DiscussionThe central role of the family as a support provider might be the reason why the activation of negative age stereotypes led to less satisfaction with family, but not nonfamily.
Residual Deterrence
Authors: Dilmé Francesc , Garrett Daniel F 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSuccesses of law enforcement in apprehending offenders are often publicized events. Such events have been found to result in temporary reductions in offending, or “residual deterrence”. We provide a theory of residual deterrence that accounts for the incentives of both enforcement officials and potential offenders. We do so by introducing to a standard inspection framework costs that must be incurred to commence enforcement. Such costs in practice include hiring specialized staff, undertaking targeted research and coordinating personnel. We illustrate how our model can be used to address a number of policy questions regarding the optimal design of enforcement authorities.
Spatially resolved star formation and metallicity profiles in post-merger galaxies from MaNGA
Authors: Thorp Mallory D , Ellison Sara L , Simard Luc , Sánchez Sebastian F , Antonio Braulio 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Large galaxy surveys have demonstrated that galaxy–galaxy mergers can dramatically change the morphologies, star formation rates (SFRs), and metallicities of their constituents. However, most statistical studies have been limited to the measurement of global quantities, through large fibres or integrated colours. In this work, we present the first statistically significant study of spatially resolved star formation and metallicity profiles using integral field spectroscopy, using a sample of ∼20 000 spaxels in 36 visually selected post-merger galaxies from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey. By measuring offsets from SFR and metallicity scaling relations on a spaxel-by-spaxel basis, we are able to quantify where in the galaxy these properties are most affected by the interaction. We find that the SFR enhancements are generally centrally peaked, by a factor of 2.5 on average, in agreement with predictions from simulations. However, there is considerable variation in the SFR behaviour in the galactic outskirts, where both enhancement and suppression are seen. The median SFR remains enhanced by 0.1 dex out to at least 1.9 Re. The metallicity is also affected out to these large radii, typically showing a suppression of ∼−0.04 dex.
Probing the fluctuating ultraviolet background using the Hubble Frontier Fields
Authors: Choudhury Tirthankar Roy , Dayal Pratika 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
In recent years, the rise in the number of Lyman Break Galaxies detected at high redshifts $z$ ≥ 6 has opened up the possibility of understanding early galaxy formation physics in great detail. In particular, the faint-end slope (α) of the ultraviolet luminosity function (UV LF) of these galaxies is a potential probe of feedback effects that suppress star formation in low-mass haloes. In this work, we propose a proof-of-concept calculation for constraining the fluctuating UV background during reionization by constraining α in different volumes of the Universe. Because of patchy reionization, different volumes will experience different amount of photoheating which should lead to a scatter in the measured α. Our approach is based on a simple model of the UV LF that is a scaled version of the halo mass function combined with an exponential suppression in the galaxy luminosity at the faint end because of UV feedback. Although current data are not sufficient to constrain α in different fields, we expect that, in the near future, observations of the six-lensed Hubble Frontier Fields with the James Webb Space Telescope will offer an ideal test of our concept.
Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Series of 60 Cases
Authors: Link Thomas W , Boddu Srikanth , Paine Stephanie M , Kamel Hooman , Knopman Jared 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) is a particularly challenging pathology due to high recurrence rates (2%-37%) and complex medical comorbidities that tend to afflict the patient population. Recently, there have been several case series published describing the use of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization as an alternative to surgery for treatment of new or recurrent chronic SDH.

OBJECTIVE
To describe our first 60 cases of MMA embolization for chronic SDH.

METHODS
MMA embolization was performed using angiography, selective microcatheterization of the MMA, and infusion of polyvinyl alcohol particles. Outcomes were assessed clinically and with interval imaging studies at 1 d, 2 wk, and 6 wk postprocedure, and additional intervals as indicated.

RESULTS
MMA embolization was performed successfully on 60 total SDHs in 49 patients. This includes upfront treatment for new (not previously treated) SDH in 42, for recurrence in 8, and prophylaxis (soon after surgical evacuation) in 10. There were 3 mortalities (unrelated to the procedure), and no procedural complications. Of the 50 nonprophylactic cases, there were 4 (8.9%) cases of recurrence requiring surgical evacuation, and 31 (68.9%) that had resolution or reduction in size >50% of SDH at longest follow-up. Overall, 41 (91.1%) were stable or decreased in size and able to avoid surgery.

CONCLUSION
MMA embolization may represent a minimally-invasive alternative to surgery for new or recurrent chronic SDH, or as prophylaxis to reduce the risk of recurrence after surgery. Given our encouraging results with a 91% long-term success rate, a large scale clinical trial is warranted.
Long-Term Survivorship Care After Cancer Treatment: A New Emphasis on the Role of Rehabilitation Services
Authors: Stout Nicole L , Silver Julie K , Alfano Catherine M , Ness Kirsten K , Gilchrist Laura S 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In May 2018, the National Cancer Policy Forum (NCPF) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) released a report, Long-Term Survivorship Care After Cancer Treatment: Proceedings of Workshop. NCPF-published reports have historically played a significant role in driving policy and payment model changes in oncology care, in addition to raising awareness about the needs of individuals with cancer. This 2018 report provides a specific set of recommendations for improving symptom management and rehabilitation that suggest the integration of rehabilitation services at the point of cancer diagnosis and throughout the continuum of cancer care to effectively screen for and manage the anticipated functional morbidity associated with cancer treatment. The specificity of these recommendations is of significant relevance to the physical therapy profession and should encourage bold steps to effectively increase the presence of physical therapists as members of interdisciplinary cancer care teams. The profession must act to implement models of prospective care, develop targeted education and training initiatives to assure the knowledge and skills of our workforce for this complex population, and augment the current evidence base with greater attention to health services research aiming to understand the effectiveness of rehabilitation services in improving costs, utilization, and meaningful functional outcomes.
Self-Measured Arm Circumference in Women With Breast Cancer Is Reliable and Valid
Authors: Rafn Bolette S , McNeely Margaret L , Camp Pat G , Midtgaard Julie , Campbell Kristin L 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Prospective surveillance by physical therapists enables early detection and treatment of breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL). Strategies to increase access to prospective surveillance could reduce the burden of BCRL on patients and the health system. One potential solution is self-managed surveillance that does not require in-person assessment by a specialized physical therapist.

Objective
The objective was to develop and test the reliability and validity of a written and video-supported protocol for women with breast cancer to self-measure arm circumference.

Design
This was a cross-sectional reliability and validity study.

Results
The intrarater reliability between CIRself_home and CIRself_lab and the interrater reliability between CIRself_lab and CIRther was high to excellent for both arms in both groups (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.86). VOLself_lab correlated strongly with VOLper (r ≥ 0.95), demonstrating excellent validity. Participants reported strong intention, self-efficacy, and positive attitude toward the performance of self-managed surveillance for BCRL, which was not perceived to increase worry about having or getting BCRL.

Methods
Participants with (n = 20) and without (n = 21) BCRL completed self-measurement of arm circumference on both arms at home (CIRself_home) and at the lab (CIRself_lab) (intrarater reliability). The CIRself_lab was subsequently compared to measures performed by a specialized physical therapist (CIRther) (interrater reliability). To test validity, arm volume calculated from the self-measurements (VOLself_lab) was compared to perometry measurements (VOLper). Participants completed a questionnaire to assess attitudes for performing self-managed surveillance for BCRL.

Limitations
These findings need to be replicated in a clinical setting to confirm the reliability and acceptability of self-managed surveillance for BCRL among women newly diagnosed with breast cancer.

Conclusions
Self-measured arm circumference is reliable and valid among women with and without BCRL. Self-managed surveillance for BCRL can support self-efficacy without increasing anxiety.
Work-Related Upper Limb Symptoms in Hand-Intensive Health Care Occupations: A Cross-Sectional Study With a Health and Safety Perspective
Authors: Greiner Birgit A , Nolan Sheilah , Hogan Dervla A M 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Research with physical therapists reveals high rates of work-related musculoskeletal injuries, especially low back pain, with early career onset. Less focus has been given to upper limb disorders (ULDs) in these professionals, who frequently perform repetitive arm/hand and precision finger motions during work.

Objective
The objective was to estimate prevalence of body-site–specific upper limb (UL) symptoms and diagnosed ULDs in Irish chartered physical therapists, physiotherapists, and athletic therapists, with adjustment for leisure time injury, and document first onset of specific UL symptoms.

Design
The design was a cross-sectional survey (N = 347) using random sampling (physiotherapists in private practice), proportionate cluster sampling (hospital-based physiotherapists), and all-population sampling (physical therapists and athletic therapists).

Methods
The methods used were a postal questionnaire with annual, current, and incapacitating UL symptoms (neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists, fingers, thumbs) (Nordic Questionnaire); symptom onset; diagnosed UL disorders; and sociodemographics; prevalence with 95% CIs, and adjusted prevalence (general linear modeling).

Results
Adjusted annual prevalence of UL symptoms in at least 1 body site was 78.1% (95% CI = 71.4–82.2), and of incapacitating symptoms was 21.0% (95% CI = 16.4–27.0). Shoulder (53.2%, 95% CI = 47.9–58.7), neck (49.4%, 95% CI = 44.2–55.0), and thumbs (46.1%, 95% CI = 40.7–51.5) were mostly affected. Hospital-based therapists had a significantly higher prevalence of incapacitating symptoms compared with others (35.7% vs 23.3%). Respondents totaling 28.2% had at least 1 lifetime diagnosis of ULD, most commonly shoulder tendonitis (12.5%, 95% CI = 8.4–15.3) and overuse syndrome (11.8%, 95% CI = 8.4–15.3). First onset was mostly after 5 years working as a therapist; however, this differed by anatomical site.

Limitations
A cross-sectional study design limited interpretation of symptoms as work-related causes.

Conclusions
The high prevalence of ULD and symptoms warrants attention from occupational health and safety personnel. Training in injury prevention and risk assessment should be provided during education and as part of continuing education.