bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethanol as an electrolyte additive for alkaline zinc-air flow batteries
Authors: Hosseini Soraya , Han Siow Jing , Arponwichanop Amornchai , Yonezawa Tetsu , Kheawhom Soorathep 
Published: July 2018

AbstractZinc-air flow batteries exhibit high energy density and offer several appealing advantages. However, their low efficiency of zinc utilization resulted from passivation and corrosion of the zinc anodes has limited their broad application. In this work, ethanol, which is considered as an environmentally friendly solvent, is examined as an electrolyte additive to potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous electrolyte to improve electrochemical performance of the batteries. Besides, the effects of adding different percentages of ethanol (0–50% v/v) to 8 M KOH aqueous electrolyte were investigated and discussed. Cyclic voltammograms revealed that the presence of 5–10% v/v ethanol is attributed to the enhancement of zinc dissolution and the hindrance of zinc anode passivation. Also, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that adding 5–10% v/v ethanol could effectively suppress the formation of passivating layers on the active surface of the zinc anodes. Though the addition of ethanol increased solution resistance and hence slightly decreased the discharge potential of the batteries, a significant enhancement of discharge capacity and energy density could be sought. Also, galvanostatic discharge results indicated that the battery using 10% v/v ethanol electrolyte exhibited the highest electrochemical performance with 30% increase in discharge capacity and 16% increase in specific energy over that of KOH electrolyte without ethanol.
Fabrication of self-assembled spherical Gold Particles by pulsed UV Laser Treatment
Authors: Schmidl G. , Jia G. , Gawlik A. , Kreusch J. , Schmidl F. , Dellith J. , Dathe A. , Lin Z.-H. , Huang J.-S. , Plentz J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report on the fabrication of spherical Au spheres by pulsed laser treatment using a KrF excimer laser (248 nm, 25 ns) under ambient conditions as a fast and high throughput fabrication technique. The presented experiments were realized using initial Au layers of 100 nm thickness deposited on optically transparent and low cost Borofloat glass or single-crystalline SrTiO3 substrates, respectively. High (111)-orientation and smoothness (RMS ≈ 1 nm) are the properties of the deposited Au layers before laser treatment. After laser treatment, spheres with size distribution ranging from hundreds of nanometers up to several micrometers were produced. Single-particle scattering spectra with distinct plasmonic resonance peaks are presented to reveal the critical role of optimal irradiation parameters in the process of laser induced particle self-assembly. The variation of irradiation parameters like fluence and number of laser pulses influences the melting, dewetting and solidification process of the Au layers and thus the formation of extremely well shaped spherical particles. The gold layers on Borofloat glass and SrTiO3 are found to show a slightly different behavior under laser treatment. We also discuss the effect of substrates.
Preferences and beliefs about financial risk taking mediate the association between anterior insula activation and self-reported real-life stock trading
Authors: Häusler Alexander N. , Kuhnen Camelia M. , Rudorf Sarah , Weber Bernd 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPeople differ greatly in their financial risk taking behaviour. This heterogeneity has been associated with differences in brain activity, but only in laboratory settings using constrained behaviours. However, it is important to understand how these measures transfer to real life conditions, because the willingness to invest in riskier assets has a direct and considerable effect on long-term wealth accumulation. In a large fMRI study of 157 working age men (39.0 ± 6.4 SD years), we first show that activity in the anterior insula during the assessment of risky vs. safe choices in an investing task is associated with self-reported real-life active stock trading. We then show that this association remains intact when we control for financial constraints, education, the understanding of financial matters, and cognitive abilities. Finally, we use comprehensive measures of preferences and beliefs about risk taking to show that these two channels mediate the association between brain activation in the anterior insula and real-life active stock trading.
The probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 prevents papain-induced respiratory barrier injury and severe allergic inflammation in mice
Authors: Secher Thomas , Maillet Isabelle , Mackowiak Claire , Le Bérichel Jessica , Philippeau Amandine , Panek Corinne , Boury Michèle , Oswald Eric , Saoudi Abdelhadi , Erard Francois , Le Bert Marc , Quesniaux Valérie , Couturier-Maillard Aurélie , Ryffel Bernhard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAllergic asthma is characterized by a strong Th2 and Th17 response with inflammatory cell recruitment, airways hyperreactivity and structural changes in the lung. The protease allergen papain disrupts the airway epithelium triggering a rapid eosinophilic inflammation by innate lymphoid cell type 2 (ILC2) activation, leading to a Th2 immune response. Here we asked whether the daily oral administrations of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (ECN) might affect the outcome of the papain protease induced allergic lung inflammation in BL6 mice. We find that ECN gavage significantly prevented the severe allergic response induced by repeated papain challenges and reduced lung inflammatory cell recruitment, Th2 and Th17 response and respiratory epithelial barrier disruption with emphysema and airway hyperreactivity. In conclusion, ECN administration attenuated severe protease induced allergic inflammation, which may be beneficial to prevent allergic asthma.
Integrity monitoring for Positioning of intelligent transport systems using integrated RTK‐GNSS, IMU and vehicle odometer
Authors: El‐Mowafy Ahmed , Kubo Nobuaki 
Published: July 2018

Reliable continuing positioning is a critical requirement for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). An integrated positioning system is presented, where the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) real‐time kinematic (RTK) method was mainly used. When RTK is not available, positioning was maintained by using Doppler measurements or by low‐cost inertial measurement unit (IMU) coupled with vehicle odometer measurements. A new integrity monitoring (IM) method is presented that addresses each positioning mode of the proposed integrated system. Models for the protection levels (PLs) are presented to bound the position error (PE) along the direction of motion of the vehicle and for the cross‐track direction. Both direction components are needed, for instance for collision avoidance and for lane identification. The method was assessed through a kinematic test performed in a dense urban environment. Results showed that by integrating GNSS RTK, Doppler with IMU + odometer, positioning was available all the time. For RTK, positioning accuracy was less than a decimetre and the IM availability was 99%, where the PLs bounded the PEs and were less than an alert limit of 1 m. Positioning using Doppler and IMU + odometer measurements bridged RTK breaks but at the sub‐meter level accuracy when used for short periods.
Solutions for blinding of protection in today's and future German LV grids with high inverter penetration – simulative and experimental analysis
Authors: Glinka Felix , Schulte Nicolas , Bertram R. , Schnettler Armin , Koprivšek Mitja 
Published: July 2018

The behaviour of today's installed interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) during grid faults in German low‐voltage grids is regulated in the valid guideline VDE‐AR‐N 4105. Presently, a new revision of this guideline is discussed, defining a higher voltage threshold of 0.85·VN and requiring the IIDG to remain synchronised for a given period of time during low‐voltage dips. An analysis of IIDG using a CIGRE LV benchmark grid shows the possibility of an increase in minimum short‐circuit currents, following the new guideline. Nevertheless, there are still cases in which the behaviour of NH fuses as feeder protection is tempered up to an uncertain tripping behaviour, leading to possible threats for persons and equipment. Furthermore, the used CIGRE LV benchmark grid does not cover all worst‐case scenarios for the analysis of blinding of protection in German grids. It is shown that the usage of digital (directional) overcurrent detection can be a proper solution to cope with the lower short‐circuit currents. The combination of a fuse link allowing the triggered disconnection in the overcurrent range can be a promising solution, especially regarding the retrofit of existing feeders. Laboratory tests with a prototype show a reliable tripping with tripping times of <300 ms.
Modular protection system for fault detection and selective fault clearing in DC microgrids
Authors: Klosinski Christoph , Ross Patrick , Hemdan Nasser , Kurrat Michael , Gerdinand Frank , Meisner Johann , Passon Stephan , Heinrich Alexander 
Published: July 2018

A modular protection system was developed for DC radial microgrids. The novelty of the realised protection system is based on the combination of different fault detection, characterisation and localisation criteria. The protection system was developed based on real‐time monitoring of voltages and currents at different positions within smart modular switches in the DC system. Intelligent modular DC switches were developed for the setup. On the basis of fault detection criteria, protective measures are initiated and appropriate switching signals are sent to the appropriate switches in order to isolate the faulty part. Different fault locations and types have been tested in the laboratory for a 24 V DC test setup. Hence, the selectivity of the new protection concept has been verified.
GOOSE performance assessment on an IEC 61850 redundant network
Authors: Hosny Tawfeek Essa Mohamed , Crossley Peter 
Published: July 2018

Conventionally distribution substations utilise hardwires (copper cables) for achieving different operational requirements such as interlocking, inter‐tripping and automatic transfer systems. The latest substation communication standard IEC 61850 introduced a new method for horizontal communication of digital and analogue messages between devices in the substation called GOOSE or Generic Object Oriented Substation Event. In addition, IEC 61850 adopted seamless redundancy protocols, namely PRP and HSR, to encourage the utilisation of GOOSE communication in high‐dependency applications. Here, the performance of GOOSE communication is assessed under different background traffic conditions in an HSR redundant network. This is achieved by utilising a data quality analyser to inject Ethernet ARP packets simulating background traffic. The network also includes an Ethernet switch, time server, laptop and three IEDs or Intelligent Electronic Devices. The IEDs are natively supporting IEC 61850 with HSR protocol, and configured to exchange GOOSE messages. Test results show GOOSE communication is affected by the traffic, but the severity of the problem, i.e. delays and losses in the communicated messages, depends on the level of traffic, as a percentage of the bandwidth. Tests also show redundancy enhances the overall network reliability via dual paths, limiting the effect of background traffic on the communicated messages..
Stellar chemo-kinematics of the Cetus dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Authors: Taibi S. , Battaglia G. , Kacharov N. , Rejkuba M. , Irwin M. , Leaman R. , Zoccali M. , Tolstoy E. , Jablonka P. 
Published: July 2018

Context. The great majority of early-type dwarf galaxies, in the Local Group as well as in other galaxy groups, are found in the vicinity of much larger galaxies, making it hard to disentangle the role of internal versus external effects in driving their evolution.
Aims. In order to minimize environmental effects and gain an insight into the internal mechanisms that shape the properties of these systems, we study one of the few dwarf spheroidal galaxies of the Local Group found in isolation: Cetus. This system is of particular interest since it does not follow the Local Group morphology-density relation.
Methods. We obtained Very Large Telescope (VLT) FORS2 spectra (R ∼ 2600) in the region of the nIR CaII triplet lines for 80 candidate red giant branch (RGB) stars. The analysis yielded line-of-sight velocities and metallicities ([Fe/H]) for 54 bona fide member stars.
Results. The kinematic analysis shows that Cetus is a mainly pressure-supported (σv = 110−1.3+1.6 km s−1), dark-matter-dominated system (M1/2/LV = 23.9−8.9+9.7 M⊙/L⊙) with no significant signs of internal rotation. We find Cetus to be a metal-poor system with a significant metallicity spread (median [Fe/H]= − 1.71 dex, median-absolute-deviation = 0.49 dex), as expected for its stellar mass. We report the presence of a mild metallicity gradient compatible with those found in other dwarf spheroidals of the same luminosity; we trace the presence of a stellar population gradient also in the spatial distribution of stars in different evolutionary phases in ancillary SuprimeCam photometric data. There are tentative indications of two chemo-kinematically distinct sub-populations, with the more metal-poor stars showing a hotter kinematics than the metal-richer ones. Furthermore, the photometric dataset reveals the presence of a foreground population that most likely belongs to the Sagittarius stream.
Conclusions. This study represents an important step forward in assessing the internal kinematics of the Cetus dwarf spheroidal galaxy as well as the first wide-area spectroscopic determination of its metallicity properties. With our analysis, Cetus adds to the growing scatter in stellar-dark matter halo properties in low-mass galactic systems. The presence of a metallicity gradient akin to those found in similarly luminous and pressure-supported systems inhabiting very different environments may hint at metallicity gradients in Local Group early-type dwarfs being driven by internal mechanisms.
Anforderungen an Einrichtungen der Phase C der Traumarehabilitation – Überregionale Traumarehabilitationszentren in der postakuten Rehabilitation
Authors: Simmel Stefan , Müller Wolf-Dieter , Bork Hartmut , Eckhardt Rainer , Keppeler Rolf , Kühne Christian , Krischak Gert 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Schwerverletzte Patienten benötigen nach Ende der Akutbehandlung eine qualifizierte und lückenlose Rehabilitation. Diese postakute Rehabilitation (Phase C) stellt hohe Anforderungen an die Rehabilitationseinrichtung bezüglich personeller, sachlicher, organisatorischer und räumlicher Voraussetzungen. Aufgrund der Verletzungsschwere und den komplexen Anforderungen an eine postakute, multimodale Rehabilitation besteht ein hoher ärztlicher, pflegerischer, therapeutischer und ggf. psychologischer Einsatz.
Methoden Der Arbeitskreis Traumarehabilitation der Sektion Rehabilitation der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DGOU) hat in mehreren Expertenrunden Anforderungen an die postakute Rehabilitation der Phase C bei Schwerverletzten konsentiert.
Ergebnisse Die Arbeit führt die Anforderungen der postakuten Rehabilitation gemäß Expertenkonsens auf.
Diskussion und Zusammenfassung Über eine hohe Qualifikation und entsprechende Infrastruktur überregionaler Traumarehabilitationszentren wird ein lückenloser Übergang in die Nach- und Weiterbehandlung von Schwerverletzten im TraumaNetzwerk DGU® sichergestellt.
Genetische Grundlagen der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS)
Authors: Weiss Elisabeth M. , Parson Walther , Niederstätter Harald , Marksteiner Josef , Lampe Astrid 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungBei der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) handelt es sich um eine psychische Erkrankung, die nach außergewöhnlich bedrohlichen Situationen (Traumata) auftreten kann und sich durch eine hohe Komorbidität auszeichnet. Jedoch gibt es selbst bei Personen mit dem gleichen traumatischen Erlebnis eine hohe interindividuelle Variabilität bezüglich des PTBS Risikos. Daher liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass biologische Korrelate wie genetische und epigenetische Einflüsse als Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer PTBS eine Rolle spielen können. Im vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel soll der aktuelle Erkenntnisstand der genetischen Forschung bei PTBS vorgestellt werden, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf genetischen Befunden aus Kandidatengen-basierten Assoziationsstudien des monoaminergen Systems und der endokrinen Stressachse liegt. Des Weiteren werden Ergebnisse aus Genom-weiten Assoziationsstudien berichtet und auf die Rolle von Genen als Moderatoren der Effekte von Kindheitstraumen anhand von Gen-Umwelt-Interaktionsstudien und epigenetische Untersuchungen eingegangen. Abschließend wird ein kurzer Ausblick auf die aktuelle Forschung im Bereich der Pharmakogenetik gegeben.
Padrões de referência nutricionais na população de crianças com paralisia cerebral: uma revisão analítica
Authors: Gouveia Mara , Chueire Fernando , Mello Elza 
Published: July 2018

ResumoOs distúrbios de crescimento e nutrição são problemas de saúde frequentes em crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC). Esses distúrbios nutricionais podem acarretar comprometimento no desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo, na socialização, e na maior necessidade do uso de serviços de saúde e de internação hospitalar. Mesmo sob condições aparentemente adequadas (ambiente apropriado e atendimento médico regular), as crianças com PC crescem mais lentamente do que as sem condições crônicas de saúde e possuem padrões de crescimento únicos. Em geral, as equipes de saúde utilizam como medida de referência as curvas de crescimento para populações sem déficit neurológico, as quais não são adequadas para crianças com PC, já que essa população possui um crescimento distinto. Nas últimas décadas, pesquisadores vem construindo curvas de crescimento específicas para a PC. Até o momento, existem cinco padrões de referência publicados. A escolha do melhor padrão de referência dessa população é uma tarefa difícil. No entanto, as curvas de crescimento elaborada por Brooks et al. parece ser mais confiáveis e são as mais utilizadas nos centros especializados em cuidados dessas e adolescentes. Elas são simples, metodologicamente mais seguras, baseadas em uma amostra grande e representativa de todos os grupos de desenvolvimento motor que os indivíduos com PC possam apresentar e estão relacionadas a desfechos clínicos. Contudo, carece de mais estudos que comprovem a sua qualidade, principalmente em contextos diferentes. No entanto, pela importância de se avaliar cada criança/adolescente com sua curva de crescimento específica para sua enfermidade, sugere-se que ela deva ser integrada na avalição antropométrica junto com outros parâmetros nutricionais na prática clínica.
Disparity Between One- and Two-Stage Factor VIII Assays in Measuring VIIIC in Heparinized Plasma
Authors: Rock G , Palmer D S 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe level of Factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIIIC) was found to be more than 30% higher in heparinized plasma than in citrated plasma from the same donor when determined by a one-stage assay (1.34 U/ml versus 1.0 U/ml). However, after Al(OH)3 adsorption and two-stage assay, the VIIIC levels were not significantly different for the two types of plasma (0.90 ± 0.25 U/ ml versus 0.82 ± 0.23 U/ml). If a one-stage assay was employed after adsorption, a similar low result was obtained (0.92 ± 0.21 U/ ml versus 0.91 ± 0.12 U/ml). This indicated that the adsorption step itself was responsible for the difference in results. Parallel analyses of other VIII markers demonstrated that more VIIIC antigen (VIIICAg) was removed by adsorption of heparinized rather than citrated plasma (0.33 U/ml versus 0.12 U/ml) although there was no difference in the level of VUI-related antigen (VIIIRAg). The results show that adsorption of heparinized plasma prior to either one- or two-stage assay leads to a greater loss of both VIIIC and VIIICAg activity than observed with citrated plasma and indicate that, when applied to heparin plasma the two-stage assay for VIIIC underestimates the actual VIIIC content.
Clinical Application of a Chromogenic Substrate Method for Determination of Factor VIII Activity
Authors: Rosén S , Andersson M , Blombäck M , Hégglund U , Larrieu M J , Wolf M , Boyer C , Rothschild C , Nilsson I M , Sjörin E , Vinazze H 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA chromogenic substrate kit for the determination of factor VIII activity (COATEST® Factor VIII) has been evaluated in five different laboratories, one of them using a semi-automated procedure. This chromogenic method was compared to one-stage clotting assays for factor VIII determination in plasmas from healthy subjects, carriers of hemophilia A, severe, mild and moderate hemophilia A as well as von Willebrand’s patients. In all these cases, a high correlation between these two methods was obtained (r = 0.96-0.99, n = 385) with a good agreement of the assigned potencies at all levels of factor VIII. A good correlation (r = 0.94) was also obtained for the levels of factor VIII after infusion of concentrates in six severe hemophiliacs or after administration of DDAVP to von Willebrand’s patients.The chromogenic method is insensitive to preactivation of factor VIII by thrombin, thus yielding valid potency assignments also in these situations.The precision was higher with the chromogenic method than with the one-stage clotting assays (C.V. = 2-5% vs 4-15%). Altogether, the new chromogenic substrate method has proven itself suitable for determination of factor VIII in plasma and concentrates.
Protease Inhibitors in Haementeria Leech Species
Authors: Murer E H , James H L , Budzynski A Z , Malinconico S M , Gasic G J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryInhibitors, of trypsin, plasmin, α-chymotrypsin and granulocyte elastase were demonstrated in salivary gland extracts from two species of leeches, Haementeria ghilianii and Haementeria officinalis. Preliminary fractionation of salivary gland extracts from Haementeria ghilianii allowed separation of protease inhibitors from hementin a fibrinogenolytic blood anticoagulant. It was found that the anticoagulant activity resided only in hementin-containing fractions and did not parallel protease inhibitory activity.
Prolongation of Platelet Survival in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura by High-Dose Intravenous Gamma Globulin
Authors: Uchida T , Yui T , Umezu H , Kariyone S 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe mechanism of the increase of platelet counts after the intravenous injection of high dose gammaglobulin was evaluated by measuring platelet survival before and after the injection. The platelet survival after treatment prolonged more significantly than that before treatment. There was no evidence of platelet release from bone marrow to peripheral blood. These findings might suggest the inhibition of platelet destruction by transient blockade of reticuloendothelial system.