bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incremental and Bulk-fill Techniques With Bulk-fill Resin Composite in Different Cavity Configurations
Authors: Han S-H , Park S-H 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARY

Purpose:
To compare the microtensile bond strengths of incremental and bulk-fill techniques under different C-factor and compliance conditions.

Methods and Materials:
Extracted human third molars were divided into three experimental groups. For group I, Class I cavities were prepared. For group II, MOD cavities of the same size were prepared. For group III, the cavities were prepared the same way as group II only with high compliance cavity walls. The cavity wall compliance of the specimens was evaluated. Each of these groups was divided into four subgroups. The teeth were restored using two different materials: TB (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill; Ivoclar Vivadent, Hanau, Germany) and VB (Venus Bulk Fill; Heraeus Kulzer, Armonk, NY, USA), and two methods, either an incremental or bulk-fill technique. Then, the microtensile bond strengths (μ-TBSs) were measured and compared. The polymerization stresses of the composites were calculated using a custom-made device. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Weibull analysis.

Results:
In group I, the μ-TBS obtained using the incremental technique was significantly higher than that obtained by the bulk-fill technique (p&lt;0.05). In contrast, no difference of the μ-TBS value was observed between the two techniques in groups II and III. The μ-TBS value of group I was significantly lower than those of groups II and III (p&lt;0.05). No statistical difference in the μ-TBS was observed when the cavities were filled with either TB or VB (p&gt;0.05).

Conclusions:
The incremental technique showed higher bond strength than did the bulk-fill technique in high C-factor cavities. However, no difference was found between the two techniques in the low C-factor cavities. The bond strength in the high C-factor cavities was significantly lower than that of the low C-factor cavities.
PERENCANAAN PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI DESA KERTASADA KECAMATAN KALIANGET KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Chayati Cholilul , Prayudi Dhani Andika 
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh semakin menigkatnya produksi sampah dan limbah hasil aktifitas manusia yang belum tersentuh oleh program pengolahan sampah. Dalam hal ini setiap orang berhak dan wajib untuk mengolah sampah menjadi bahan yang bermanfaat. Hal ini sesuai dengan undang-undang No.18 tahun 2008 tentang pengelolaan sampah.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui volume sampah serta jumlah tempat pengelolaan sampah sementara(TPS) dan bagaimana cara mengolah sampah organik dan anorganik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, yaitu pendekatan yang berusaha mengambarkan setiap kondisi yang ada melalui data volume sampah dan data jumlah KK(kepala keluarga) hasil survey di lapangan.Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini, ternyata jumlah sampahyang dihasilkan di Desa Kertasada sebanyak 833,008 kg/hari untuk sampahorganik dan 302,512 kg/hari untuk sampah anorganik dengan jumlah KK 1168,membutuhkan 19 tempat pengelolaan sampah sementara, dan pengolahan sampahorganik menggunakan metode komposter menjadi kompos membutuhkan waktu21 hari, Sampah anorganik menggunakan metode Bank sampah serta sampahresidu menggunakan metode sanitary landfill.
KAMU EKONOMİSİ TEORİSİNDE YERELLEŞME RASYONELİ VE KUŞAKLAR ARASI MALİ FEDERALİZM TEORİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI / Localization Rational In The Public Economy Theory And Comparison Of Fiscal Federalism Theories Belonging To Different Generations
Authors: ÇALCALI Önder 
Published: April 2018

Kamu ekonomisi teorisi üzerine yapılan
tartışmalar, kamu kesiminin ekonomi içindeki yeri, rolü ve bunun etkileri üzerine yapılmaktadır.
Kamu kesimi, merkezi yönetim ile beraber yerel yönetim birimlerini de
kapsamaktadır. Kimi ülkelerde merkezi
yönetime doğrudan bağlı yerel kamu yönetim birimleri şeklinde bir yapılanma
mevcut iken; kimi ülkelerde ise, yerel kamu yönetim birimlerinin merkezi
yönetime olan siyasi ve mali bağımlılıkları daha zayıftır. “Özerk” nitelikli
olarak kabul edilen bu ikinci tür yerel kamu yönetim birimlerine daha çok
federal yapılı ülkelerde rastlanmaktadır. Kamu yönetiminin asli unsurlarından
olan yerel yönetim birimlerinin varlıklarına gerekçe oluşturan unsurlar ve mali
özerklik derecelerinin hangi düzeyde olması gerektiği hususlarının analizi önem
taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, mali anlamda yerel kamu yönetim birimlerine daha
fazla serbestlik tanınması etrafında şekillenen mali federalizm teorisinin,
birinci ve ikinci kuşağını karşılaştırmakta ve iki kuşak arasındaki ortak ve
farklı noktaları ortaya koymaktadır.
Roe deer Capreolus capreolus feeding on yew Taxus baccata in relation to bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus density and snow depth
Authors: Mysterud Alle , Østbye Eivind 
Published: April 2018

The extent of roe deer Capreolus capreolus feeding on the highly toxic yew Taxus baccata during winter was quantified from 1989–1994 in areas with varying density of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus. Yew was most heavily harvested by roe deer in areas with low densities of bilberry. In areas with high densities of bilberry shrub, roe deer started browsing on yew when snow depth increased and reduced access to the field layer. However, in areas with low densities of bilberry, roe deer browsed heavily on yew also when snow was absent. Our observations suggest that roe deer may be the main factor affecting yew survival in areas where other preferred feeding plants are not available.
Development of temperature regulation in the grey partridge Perdix perdix
Authors: Marjoniemi Kyösti , Hohtola Esa , Putaala Ahti , Hissa Raimo 
Published: April 2018

The development of temperature regulation in grey partridge Perdix perdix, Galliformes chicks at the age of 0–40 days was studied using three different approaches: 1) heat production was measured by indirect calorimetry of chicks subjected to various ambient temperatures; 2) the ability to resist cooling was studied by subjecting chicks to an ambient temperature of 0°C with either dry or wetted plumage; 3) behavioural responses were studied in a thermal gradient using a video camera and an image processing system. The development of homeothermy was not linear. Absolute metabolic rates increased with age at all temperatures, while the maximal mass‐specific heat production (W×kg ‐0.75) doubled between days 1‐2 and day 5, but remained unchanged after that. Assuming that the allometric exponent accounts for mass‐induced changes in the metabolic rate, this suggests that the increase in maximal heat production before the age of five days can be attributed to both maturation and growth, while the increase after five days can be explained by growth only. At the age of 1–2 days, the chicks' capacity to increase heat production in cold was negligible. In five and 10‐11‐day‐old chicks the capacity was markedly higher, but the maximal heat production occurred already at 25°C. A quantum leap occurred between 10–11 and 15–16 days, when the point of maximal heat production shifted from 25°C to 5°C, which indicates a significant improvement of insulation. Wetted chicks cooled faster than dry chicks until 21 days of age. The relative effect of wetting was maximal at 10–11 days. Behavioural observations suggest a drop in the time spent in the warmest section of the thermal gradient after five days and that the coldest part of the gradient (5°C) was hardly visited before 25 days of age. The sequence for attaining homeothermia in the partridge is thus comprised of an early development of significant thermogenesis from day 5 onwards, followed by a rapid increase in insulation around two weeks of age. Despite this fact, especially wet chicks strongly depend on parental heat in cold spells during the first three weeks of their life. The increase in body mass and the development of a water‐impermeable plumage enhance the cold resistance in older chicks.
Contrasting dispersal patterns in two Scandinavian roe deer Capreolus capreolus populations
Authors: Wahlström L. Kjell , Liberg Olof 
Published: April 2018

Yearling natal dispersal frequencies and distances in roe deer Capreolus capreolus were compared between two regions in Scandinavia, Västerbotten, on the northern edge of the expanding population, and Mälardalen, in the central continuous part. Data were collected using telemetry during 1987–1994. In Västerbotten 91% (n = 11) of the males and 100% (n = 9) of the females left their natal areas, and in Mälardalen 43% (n = 42) of the males and 48% (n = 50) of the females dispersed. No intra‐regional difference in distances dispersed was found between sexes. Average dispersal distance in Västerbotten was ca 120 km (n = 17), with only one disperser settling less than 39 km from its natal area. In Mälardalen, the average dispersal distance was around 4 km (n = 42), and only two animals moved further away than 15 km. One hypothesis accounting both for the almost complete dispersal of deer in Västerbotten, and for the existence of a few long‐distance dispersers in Mälardalen, is that two genotypically distinct morphs of roe deer exist, one ‘dispersive’ and one ‘stationary’. The predominance of the ‘dispersive’ type in Västerbotten could be explained by ‘stationaries’ not having had enough time to colonise this region since the last population bottleneck in the mid 19th century, when the Scandinavian population was restricted to the southernmost part of Sweden.
Bilgisayar Destekli Öğretimin “Güneş Sistemi ve Ötesi, Uzay Bilmecesiˮ Ünitesindeki Öğrenci Başarısına ve Derse Karşı Öğrenci Tutumuna Etkisi
Authors: ŞAHİN Regaip , AKBABA Uğur 
Published: April 2018

Bu
araştırma, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı çağdaş program geliştirme tekniklerine uygun
olarak hazırlanmıştır. Fen ve teknoloji dersinde ki kazanımlara erişmede,
bilgisayar destekli eğitimin etkisi ne düzeydedir? Araştırmada bu sorunun
cevabı aranmıştır. Bu amaçla Fen ve teknoloji dersinde; “Güneş Sistemi ve
Ötesi, Uzay Bilmecesi” ünitesinin soyut olan kavramları ele alınmıştır. Görsel
ve işitsel olarak somutlaştırması güç olan bu kavramların öğretilmesinde
bilgisayar destekli öğretim yönteminin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla;
Bayburt İlinde bulunan Şehit Recep Eşiyok ortaokulunda eğitimlerine devam eden
yirmi kişilik erkek ve kız öğrenciden oluşmuş 7A sınıfı deney gurubu olarak
belirlenmiştir. Yine aynı şekilde aynı okulda öğrenim gören yirmi kişilik erkek
ve kız öğrenciden oluşmuş 7B sınıfı ise kontrol gurubu olarak belirlenmiştir.
Dersin hedeflerine uygun olduğunu düşündüğümüz bilgisayar yazılım ve
programları ile 7. sınıf Fen ve Teknoloji dersi “Güneş Sistemi ve Ötesi, Uzay
Bilmecesi” ünitesi bilgisayar ortamında işlenmiştir. Ünitenin hedefleri,
kontrol gurubuna geleneksel yöntemle, deney gurubuna ise bilgisayar ortamında
kazandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Kontrol ve
deney guruplarına ön-test ve son-test uygulanmış ve elde edilen test sonuçları
İstatistik programı olan SPSS-22 paket programında t-testi yapılarak analiz
edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda ise bilgisayar destekli eğitimin geleneksel
yönteme göre daha başarılı olduğu görülmüştür. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ise
öğrencilerin tutumlarının değişmediği görülmüştür.
APAKAH SUNK COST ENTRY BERPENGARUH PADA EKSPOR INDONESIA KE SINGAPURA?: PENDEKATAN AGGREGATE
Authors: Muslim Azis 
Published: April 2018

Bagi Indonesia, Singapura telah lama dikenal sebagai negara perantara (intermediary) perdagangan untuk ekspor maupun impor. Secara umum sunk cost entry to export merupakan pertimbangan untuk masuk ke pasar ekspor, namun dalam kondisi terdapatnya perantara perdagangan apakah sunk cost entry to export tidak menjadi pertimbangan untuk masuk ke pasar ekspor? Untuk mengetahui hal tersebut dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk menguji apakah sunk cost entry berpengaruh atau tidak untuk ekspor Indonesia ke Singapura. Model penelitian menggunakan model histerisis Baldwin-Krugman dengan pertimbangan penggunaan data aggregate dan lonjakan nilai tukar. Metode yang digunakan adalah perubahan koefisien pada saat structural break sedangkan nilainya diestimasi dengan model regresi Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sunk cost entry tidak memengaruhi ekspor Indonesia ke Singapura atau dengan kata lain tidak menjadi pertimbangan memasuki pasar ekspor Singapura. Temuan tersebut bermanfaat bagi eksportir dengan modal terbatas untuk menggunakan Singapura sebagai intermediary. Pemerintah sebagai fasilitator dapat menyarankan kepada eksportir pemula terutama eksportir dengan modal terbatas untuk menjadikan Singapura sebagai perantara dalam perdagangan. Singapore has been known as an intermediary country for Indonesia’s export and import trade. Sunk cost entry is one of the exporter considerations to enter an export market. However, if there is an intermediary trade, does sunk cost still become a consideration? The purpose of this study is to examine whether the sunk cost entry affects Indonesian export to Singapore or not. This study uses Baldwin-Krugman’s Hysteresis model due to an aggregate data usage and a surge in the exchange rate. This study uses the coefficient changes method since structural break is happening and its value is estimated by the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression model. The result shows that sunk cost does not affect Indonesian exports to Singapore, or in another word it does not become a consideration to enter Singapore markets. It is important that the exporters with limited capital use Singapore as an intermediary. The Government should propose beginner exporters to choose Singapore as the intermediary country trade.
THE IMPACT OF REAL EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY ON INDONESIA-US TRADE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Ardiyanti Septika Tri 
Published: April 2018

Studi ini mengkaji dampak volatilitas nilai tukar riil terhadap kinerja perdagangan bilateral Indonesia-Amerika Serikat (AS), dengan menggunakan data periode Q1:1990 sampai dengan Q3:2012. Studi ini menggunakan dua pendekatan untuk mengukur volatilitas nilai tukar riil, yaitu model Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH-1) dan metode Moving Average Standards Deviation (MASD). Untuk menguji hubungan jangka panjang antara variabel penelitian, digunakan prosedur Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa volatilitas nilai tukar riil berpengaruh negatif terhadap impor Indonesia dari AS tetapi tidak mempengaruhi ekspor Indonesia ke AS. Dengan demikian, semakin volatile nilai tukar maka volume impor Indonesia dari AS semakin rendah. Jika Indonesia ingin menjaga neraca perdagangan, maka dianjurkan untuk mempertahankan kebijakan nilai tukar yang mengambang dan terkendali. This sudy examines the impact of real exchange value volatilities on bilateral trade performance between Indonesia and the United States utilizing the data period between Q1:1990 to Q3 2012. This study deploys two approach to measure real exchange values volatilities, Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH-1) and Moving Average standard Deviation methods. To test the long terms relationship between variables, it uses Autogressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure. The result shows that real exchange values volatilities has negative influence on Indonesia’s import from the United States but does not affect the Indonesia’s export to the United States. Hence, the more volatile an exchange value leads to a decrease of Indonesia’s import volume from the United States. If Indonesia attempts to balance its trade, it needs to keep intact monetary policies afloat and controllable.
DAMPAK PERJANJIAN PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA - JEPANG (IJEPA) TERHADAP KINERJA PERDAGANGAN BILATERAL
Authors: Ardiyanti Septika Tri 
Published: April 2018

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak perjanjian Indonesia – Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) terhadap perdagangan bilateral Indonesia-Jepang dari sisi ekspor maupun impor, dengan menggunakan data bulanan Januari 1990 sampai dengan Juni 2014. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan counterfactual dengan melakukan ekstrapolasi terhadap data perdagangan tanpa FTA (basis ekstrapolasi Jan 1990-Juni 2008) dan kemudian membandingkannya dengan data perdagangan aktual pada saat IJEPA telah diimplementasikan (Juli 2008-Juni 2014). Ekstrapolasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), sementara untuk menguji perbedaan antara kedua pengamatan data aktual dengan data ekstrapolasi digunakan uji t -berpasangan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa IJEPA secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan nilai ekspor non migas Indonesia ke Jepang, namun tidak memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap peningkatan nilai impor non migas Indonesia dari Jepang. Dengan demikian, Indonesia terbukti mendapatkan keuntungan dari sisi perdagangan karena mampu meningkatkan nilai ekspornya ke Jepang. Oleh karena itu, kerjasama yang intensif antara kedua negara harus terus ditingkatkan untuk mengoptimalkan perjanjian tersebut. Pemerintah dapat mengusulkan adanya bilateral monitoring scheme kepada pemerintah Jepang dalam rangka meningkatkan pemanfaatan IJEPA. This study aims at examining the impact of Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) towards bilateral trade between Indonesia and Japan, using monthly data from January 1990 to June 2014. This research used a counterfactual approach by constructing extrapolated trade values with pre-FTA data (extrapolation based on January 1990-June 2008), then comparing those extrapolated data with the actual trade data in the period after the implementation of IJEPA (July 2008-June 2014). The extrapolation was done using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, while paired t-test was used to examine the difference between the actual data and the extrapolated data. The results show that IJEPA can significantly increase the value of Indonesia’s non-oil exports to Japan, but it has no significant impact on the value of Indonesia’s non-oil imports from Japan. It is proven that Indonesia gets benefits from IJEPA in terms of foreign trade since it can increase its export value to Japan. Therefore, intensive cooperation between Indonesia and Japan should be improved by proposing a bilateral monitoring scheme to the Japanese government in order to improve the functions of IJEPA.
DAYA SAING REMPAH INDONESIA DI PASAR ASEAN PERIODE PRA DAN PASCA KRISIS EKONOMI GLOBAL
Authors: Hermawan Iwan 
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat daya saing ekspor rempah Indonesia di pasar ASEAN dan tingkat intensitas persaingan ekspor rempah dari negara-negara ASEAN. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Intra-Industry Trade (IIT), Index of Export Overlap (IEO), dan Index of Export Similarity (IES). Sedangkan data yang digunakan adalah data tahunan periode tahun 2005-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya saing rempah Indonesia di pasar ASEAN mengalami perubahan antar periode pengamatan. Pada periode sebelum dan saat krisis ekonomi banyak komoditas rempah Indonesia berdaya saing rendah. Sedangkan pada saat pasca krisis ekonomi kondisi daya saing rempah tersebut mengalami peningkatan, khususnya vanili, kayu manis, jahe, kunyit, safron, timi, daun salam, daun kari, dan lada. Apabila dilihat dari sisi persaingan komoditas rempah negara-negara ASEAN di pasar Indonesia maka intensitasnya cenderung menurun. Lada dari Filipina, vanili dari Thailand, dan cengkeh dari Malaysia dapat menjadi kompetitor yang potensial di pasar rempah Indonesia karena daya saingnya meningkat di saat negara-negara lain menurun. Pemerintah Indonesia dapat melakukan upaya-upaya untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan potensi daya saing rempah melalui (a) teknik budidaya yang baik, (b) pengembangan industri hilir, (c) pemanfaatan bursa komoditas, dan (e) perbaikan fasilitasi perdagangan. The study aims at analyzing the level of export competitiveness of Indonesian spices and the intensity level of spices export competitiveness among ASEAN countries. This study used Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Intra-Industry Trade (IIT), Index of Export Overlap (IEO), and Index of Export Similarity (IES) approaches. The data used were time series during 2005-2013. The results showed that in the period before and during economic crises, most of Indonesian spice commodities are considered in the low level of competitiveness. However, that level has improved after the Indonesian economic crises, particularly for some spice commodities such as: vanilla, cinnamon, ginger, saffron, turmeric, thyme, bay leaves, and curry. Seen from the ASEAN countries’ spice commodities in Indonesian market, the level of competitiveness tends to decline in the intensity. Philippines pepper, Thai vanilla, and Malaysian clove may become the potential competitors in Indonesian market showing that those countries have increased the level of competitiveness whereas other ASEAN countries have decreased. Indonesian government should maintain and stimulate the potential spice competitiveness through: (a) an application of good cultivation technique, (b) a development of downstream industry, (c) a utilization of commodity exchange, and (e) an improvement of trade facilitation.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN HARGA TIMAH BKDI DAN LME SERTA KEBIJAKAN EKSPOR TERHADAP KINERJA EKSPOR TIMAH INDONESIA
Authors: Hasni Hasni 
Published: April 2018

Timah merupakan bahan tambang yang tidak terbarukan. Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua sebagai produsen bijih timah terbesar dunia. Sejak 30 Agustus 2013, ekspor timah Indonesia harus melalui mekanisme transaksi di Bursa Komoditi dan Derivatif Indonesia (BKDI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara harga timah BKDI dan harga timah di London Metal Exchange (LME) serta kebijakan ekspor terhadap kinerja ekspor timah Indonesia. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder dari BKDI, LME, Asian Metal dan BPS. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode Granger causality menunjukkan bahwa setelah satu tahun penerapan ekspor timah melalui BKDI, harga timah BKDI dipengaruhi oleh harga timah LME pada rentang waktu satu hari kerja. Dari sisi penerimaan ekspor, kebijakan ekspor melalui BKDI dapat meningkatkan nilai ekspor timah bulanan ke Singapura. Pemerintah harus melanjutkan kebijakan ekspor timah yakni ekspor melalui Bursa Komoditi dan Derivatif Indonesia untuk mencegah ekspor timah ilegal dan meningkatkan daya saing serta nilai tambah produk timah ekspor Indonesia. Tin is a non-renewable mineral. Indonesia is the second largest producer of tin ore in the world. Since August 30 2013, Indonesian tin export has been done through The Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (ICDX) transaction mechanism. This study aims to analyze the relationship between ICDX’s tin price and the London Metal Exchange (LME) price as well as the effect of tin export mechanism through ICDX on the Indonesia’s tin export performance. The secondary data were taken from BKDI, LME, Asian Metal and BPS. The results showed that using Granger causality analysis, after one year the policy is being implemented, there is a relationship between ICDX’s tin price and LME price on one (working days) time lag. Tin export policy through ICDX mechanism can increase the value of monthly tin exports to Singapore, therefore it increases the export earning. The government needs to continue the tin export policy through the ICDX to prevent illegal tin export as well as to strenghten the competitiveness and value added of Indonesian tin export.