bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastoplastic response of as-built SLM and wrought Ti-6Al-4V under symmetric and asymmetric strain-controlled cyclic loading
Authors: Agius Dylan , Kourousis Kyriakos I. , Wallbrink Chris 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanical behaviour of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V under cyclic loading. Using as-built selective laser melting (SLM) Ti-6Al-4V in engineering applications requires a detailed understanding of its elastoplastic behaviour. This preliminary study intends to create a better understanding on the cyclic plasticity phenomena exhibited by this material under symmetric and asymmetric strain-controlled cyclic loading.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper investigates experimentally the cyclic elastoplastic behaviour of as-built SLM Ti-6Al-4V under symmetric and asymmetric strain-controlled loading histories and compares it to that of wrought Ti-6Al-4V. Moreover, a plasticity model has been customised to simulate effectively the mechanical behaviour of the as-built SLM Ti-6Al-4V. This model is formulated to account for the SLM Ti-6Al-4V-specific characteristics, under the strain-controlled experiments.

Findings
The elastoplastic behaviour of the as-built SLM Ti-6Al-4V has been compared to that of the wrought material, enabling characterisation of the cyclic transient phenomena under symmetric and asymmetric strain-controlled loadings. The test results have identified a difference in the strain-controlled cyclic phenomena in the as-build SLM Ti-6Al-4V when compared to its wrought counterpart, because of a difference in their microstructure. The plasticity model offers accurate simulation of the observed experimental behaviour in the SLM material.

Research limitations/implications
Further investigation through a more extensive test campaign involving a wider set of strain-controlled loading cases, including multiaxial (biaxial) histories, is required for a more complete characterisation of the material performance.

Originality/value
The present investigation offers an advancement in the knowledge of cyclic transient effects exhibited by a typical α’ martensite SLM Ti-6Al-4V under symmetric and asymmetric strain-controlled tests. The research data and findings reported are among the very few reported so far in the literature.
Developing laser beam welding parameters for the assembly of steel SLM parts for the automotive industry
Authors: Fieger Thiemo Valentin , Sattler Maximilian Ferdinand , Witt Gerd 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to identify issues with joining selective laser melting (SLM) steels with conventional cold rolled steels through remote laser beam welding.

Design/methodology/approach
A novel approach for substituting conventional cold rolled metal sheets with SLM metal sheets, made of 316L and 18-Ni 300, is presented. The characteristics of the interaction of wrought and SLM materials are described, and joining benchmark parameters are presented and compared to known existing joining results. Finally, the joints are assessed in line with automotive specifications. This research also addresses the importance of joining technologies for the implementation of SLM as a full-fledged manufacturing technology for the automotive industry.

Findings
New parameter ranges for laser beam welding of SLM steels are defined.

Research limitations/implications
This research is limited to the examined steels and the used machines, parameters and equipment.

Practical implications
The presented benchmark parameters are expected to be useful for designers, product developers and machine operators.

Originality/value
Little knowledge is available about the behavior of SLM materials and their suitability for assembly processes. Novel information about SLM steels and their interaction with conventionally produced steel sheets is presented.
Tetrahymena promotes interactive transfer of carbapenemase gene encoded in plasmid between fecal Escherichia coli and environmental Aeromonas caviae
Authors: Matsushita Mizue , Okubo Torahiko , Hasegawa Takaki , Matsuo Junji , Watanabe Takanori , Iwasaki Sumio , Fukumoto Tatsuya , Hayasaka Kasumi , Akizawa Kozi , Shimizu Chikara , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTTetrahymena can facilitate plasmid transfer among Escherichia coli or from E. coli to Salmonella Enteritidis via vesicle accumulation. In this study, whether ciliates promote the interactive transfer of plasmids encoding blaIMP‐1 between fecal E. coli and environmental Aeromonas caviae was investigated. Both bacteria were mixed with or without ciliates and incubated overnight at 30°C. The frequency of plasmid‐acquired bacteria was estimated by colony counts using an agar plate containing ceftazidim (CAZ) followed by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Cultures containing ciliates interactively transferred the plasmid between E. coli and Aeromonas with a frequency of 10−4 to 10−5. All plasmid‐acquired bacteria showed a MIC against CAZ of >128 μg/mL and the plasmid transfer was confirmed by PCR amplification of the blaIMP‐1 gene. Fluorescent observation showed that both bacteria accumulated in the same vesicle and that transwell sequestering significantly decreased the transfer frequency. Although ciliates preferentially ingested E. coli rather than A. caviae, both bacteria were co‐localized into the same vesicles of ciliates, indicating that their meeting is associated with the gene transfer. Thus, ciliates interactively promote plasmid transfer between E. coli and A. caviae. The results of this study will facilitate control of the spread of multiple‐antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Measuring competence in systemic practice: development of the ‘Systemic Family Practice – Systemic Competency Scale’ (SPS)
Authors: Butler Catherine , Sheils Elizabeth , Lask Judith , Joscelyne Trish , Pote Helen , Crossley Jon 
Published: October 2018

Ensuring that practitioners are competent in the therapies they deliver is important for training, therapeutic outcomes and ethical practice. The development of the Systemic Practice Scale (SPS) is reported – a measure to assess the competence of students as trialed by Children and Young Person’s Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (CYP‐IAPT) training courses. Initial reliability assessment of the SPS with twenty‐eight supervisors of systemic practice evaluating students’ competence using an online recording of a family therapy session is detailed. The SPS was found to be a reliable measure of systemic competence across training settings. Rating variability was noted, with training and benchmarking to improve rating consistency recommended. Further research using the SPS to further establish the reliability and validity of the scale is required.Practitioner points

SPS represents an important tool, particularly for the supervision and development of more junior staff or students

Initial reliability for use of the SPS as a formative tool has been established. Further benchmarking is required if using the tool in a summative manner
Falling perinatal mortality in twins in the UK: organisational success or chance?
Authors: Kilby MD , Gibson JL , Ville Y 
Published: October 2018

In June 2018, Mothers and Babies Reducing Risks through Audits and Confidential Enquiries across the UK (MBRRACE‐UK) published a Perinatal Surveillance report of an audit between 2013–2016. This noted that the stillbirth rate for twins nearly halved between 2014–2016; whereas the stillbirth rate for singletons remained static. There was a statistically significant reduction in the rate of stillbirth in twins over this period from 11.07 (95% CI, 9.78–12.47) to 6.16 (95% CI, 5.20–7.24) per 1000 total births. This commentary discusses these observations, the effects of twin chorionicity, and the potential obstetric and neonatal interventions, as well as public health improvements, that may have influenced these findings.
Relationship Between Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates Content in Human Milk and the Development of the Gut Barrier
Authors: Figueroa‐Lozano Susana , de Vos Paul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe intestinal immune barrier is considered to be the gatekeeper of the human body and rapidly develops directly after birth. Many pre‐ and postnatal factors influence the development of the gut‐barrier, which is composed of the microbiota, the mucus, the epithelial layer and the mucosal immune system. Even minor disturbances during barrier development can have consequences for health far into adulthood. Here we critically discuss the current knowledge on which pre‐ and postnatal factors influence development, maturation, and maintenance of the gut immune barrier. Human milk has a unique composition and is the gold standard for adequate development of the intestinal immune barrier. Not only the influence of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) but also that of glycoproteins (HMGPs) is reviewed. We discuss the influence of maternal genetic factors, such as the secretor and Lewis phenotypes on breast milk fucosylation and sialylation of HMOs and HMGPs. This diversity in HMOs and HMPGs influences microbiota composition and also the development of the immune barrier. Cow milk‐derived infant formula is often being used as an alternative for human breast milk. The consequences of this for proper development of the intestinal immune barrier and, in particular, the differences in the type of oligosaccharides and glycosylation patterns (sialic and fucose composition) between cow and human milk are critically discussed. Current and prospective strategies to promote proper gut‐immune maturation are proposed. These might include more personalized infant formulas when breast milk is not an option.
A Comparison of Thresholding Methods for Forensic Reconstruction Studies Using Fluorescent Powder Proxies for Trace Materials
Authors: Levin Emma A. , Morgan Ruth M. , Griffin Lewis D. , Jones Vivienne J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractImage segmentation is a fundamental precursor to quantitative image analysis. At present, no standardised methodology exists for segmenting images of fluorescent proxies for trace evidence. Experiments evaluated (i) whether manual segmentation is reproducible within and between examiners (with three participants repeatedly tracing three images) (ii) whether manually defining a threshold level offers accurate and reproducible results (with 20 examiners segmenting 10 images), and (iii) whether a global thresholding algorithm might perform with similar accuracy, while offering improved reproducibility and efficiency (16 algorithms tested). Statistically significant differences were seen between examiners’ traced outputs. Manually thresholding produced good accuracy on average (within ±1% of the expected values), but poor reproducibility (with multiple outliers). Three algorithms (Yen, MaxEntropy, and RenyiEntropy) offered similar accuracy, with improved reproducibility and efficiency. Together, these findings suggest that appropriate algorithms could perform thresholding tasks as part of a robust workflow for reconstruction studies employing fluorescent proxies for trace evidence.
Clinical significance of anti‐DNA/N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor 2 antibodies in de novo and post‐steroid cases with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Fujieda Yuichiro , Mader Simone , Jeganathan Venkatesh , Arinuma Yoshiyuki , Shimizu Yuka , Kato Masaru , Oku Kenji , Minami Akiko , Shimizu Chikara , Yasuda Shinsuke , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐DNA/N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor 2 (NR2) antibodies (anti‐DNA/NR2 antibodies) are a subset of anti‐DNA autoantibodies that cross‐react with the extracellular domain of the GluN2A/GluN2B subunits of NR2. These antibodies induce apoptosis of hippocampus neurons and psychiatric disorder in mice and humans. Neuropsychiatric system lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) can develop after initiation of corticosteroids (post‐steroid neuropsychiatric manifestation: PSNP) or before treatment (de novo NPSLE); however, pathophysiological differences between these subtypes remain unclear. The objective of this study was to clarify the prevalence of anti‐DNA/NR2 antibodies in patients with NPSLE.MethodsThis study involved a cohort of patients with NPSLE admitted to our hospital. NPSLE patients were classified into two groups, de novo NPSLE and PSNP‐SLE. Serum anti‐DNA antibodies and anti‐DNA/NR2 antibodies were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsSerum samples were obtained from 24 patients with de novo NPSLE, 25 with PSNP‐SLE and 76 healthy controls (HC). The level of anti‐DNA/NR2 antibodies in patients with de novo NPSLE and PSNP‐SLE were also higher than those in HC. Positive correlation between anti‐DNA antibodies and anti‐DNA/NR2 antibodies were found in PSNP‐SLE, but was not significant in de novo NPSLE.ConclusionThe levels of anti‐DNA/NR2 antibodies in PSNP‐SLE were similar to those in de novo NPSLE. Anti‐DNA/NR2 antibodies in PSNP‐SLE were suggested as a dominant subset of anti‐DNA antibodies, indicating that anti‐DNA/NR2 antibodies may be a predictive factor in PSNP‐SLE.
Comparison of perioperative glucose regulation in patients with type 1 vs type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hulst Abraham H. , Polderman Jorinde A. W. , Kooij Fabian O. , Vittali Dave , Lirk Philipp , Hollmann Markus W. , DeVries J. Hans , Preckel Benedikt , Hermanides Jeroen 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundMost perioperative diabetes mellitus (DM) guidelines do not distinguish between patients with type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). We hypothesised that similar treatment of DM1 and DM2 patients leads to differences in their perioperative glucose control.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cross‐sectional study, of all DM patients undergoing surgery between May 2013 and November 2015 in a Dutch university hospital. We compared DM1 with DM2 patients, treated according to the same perioperative glucose protocol. Our primary outcome was the incidence of hyperglycaemia (glucose ≥10 mmol/L). Secondary outcomes were short‐term glycaemic control (glucose before surgery and peak glucose perioperatively), long‐term glycaemic control (HbA1c in 90 days before and after surgery) and the incidence of hypoglycaemia (glucose <4 mmol/L).ResultsWe included 2259 patients with DM, 216 (10%) of which had DM1. The calculated incidences in our population were 7 out of 1000 patients with DM1 and 69 out of 1000 patients with DM2. Compared to those with DM2, patients with DM1 were younger, had a lower BMI, a higher glucose concentration before surgery, and a higher perioperative peak glucose concentration (11.0 [8.2‐14.7] vs 9.4 [7.7‐11.7], P < 0.001). The incidence of the primary endpoint, perioperative hyperglycaemia, was significantly higher in DM1 compared to DM2 patients (63% vs 43%, P < 0.001). Hypoglycaemia occurred more often in the DM1 population (7.1% vs 1.3%, P < 0.001).ConclusionProviding similar perioperative treatment to patients with DM1 and DM2 is associated with poorer short‐term and long‐term glycaemic control in DM1 throughout the perioperative period as well as an increased risk of hypoglycaemia.
ICD‐11 PTSD and complex PTSD amongst Syrian refugees in Lebanon: the factor structure and the clinical utility of the International Trauma Questionnaire
Authors: Vallières F. , Ceannt R. , Daccache F. , Abou Daher R. , Sleiman J. , Gilmore B. , Byrne S. , Shevlin M. , Murphy J. , Hyland P. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveSupport for ICD‐11 post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) is growing; however, few studies include refugees or examine the clinical utility of PTSD/CPTSD classifications. This study sought to provide the first evaluations of (i) the factor structure of ICD‐11 PTSD/CPTSD amongst refugees in the Middle East; and (ii) the clinical utility of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) to identify PTSD/CPTSD in a humanitarian context.MethodParticipants were 112 treatment‐seeking Syrian refugees living in Lebanon. Factorial validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on responses to the ITQ. Clinical utility of the ITQ was assessed through semi‐structured interviews with six Lebanese psychotherapists.ResultsComplex PTSD (36.1%) was more common than PTSD (25.2%), and no sex or age differences were observed at the prevalence or symptomatic levels. CFA results supported a two‐factor higher‐order model consistent with ICD‐11 PTSD/CPTSD. Qualitative findings indicated that the ITQ is generally positively regarded, with some limitations and suggested modifications noted.ConclusionThis is the first study to support the ICD‐11 PTSD/CPTSD amongst refugees in the Middle East and the clinical utility of the ITQ in a humanitarian context. Findings support the growing evidence for the cross‐cultural applicability of ICD‐11 PTSD/CPTSD.
Immature stages of Blepharotes (Diptera: Asilidae), one of the world's largest assassin flies: multi‐function mandibles and soil‐drilling pupal spines and spurs
Authors: Ferguson David J , Li Xuankun , Yeates David K 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAssassin or robber flies belong to the family Asilidae, one of the most diverse fly families, with over 7400 described species worldwide. Adults are predators on mostly smaller insects which they catch on the wing; larvae are predators on soft bodied arthropods in the soil or rotting wood, usually beetle (Coleoptera) larvae, often curl or white grubs (Scarabaeidae). Predation by larval and adult Asilidae puts downward pressure on populations of their prey above and below ground. Because asilid larvae are cryptic, the immature stages of few species have been described, thus hampering our ability to identify larvae. We describe and illustrate the late instar larva and pupa of one of Australia's largest and most impressive asilid species, Blepharotes splendidissimus (Wiedemann) (Asilinae: Apocleini). Taxonomically useful variation in asilid larvae so far described occurs in the head and its appendages. We have examined the fine detail of the larval head capsule and mouthparts using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the first time in Asilidae. The larva and pupa of B. splendidissimus are similar to other Asilidae but larger and more robust. The larva has a broad maxillae and long narrow mandibular hooks with an acute tip armed with a row of recurved spines. Our SEM studies detail the grooves on the inner surface of the mandible that form a feeding channel when the mandibles are appressed. Thus, the mandibular hooks are the insect equivalent of a Swiss army knife, with at least four functions: to pierce the prey, hold the prey, inject venom and extract nutrients from the prey. Asilid pupae have a well‐developed armature on the head, thorax and abdominal tergites, for drilling up out of the soil on adult eclosion. The pupa has distinct anterior and posterior antennal spinous processes and anterior and posterior mesothoracic spinous processes, and the tip of the abdomen has large, dorsally curved dorsal posterolateral processes and very small ventral posterolateral spinous processes. All the dorsal armature on the pupal abdominal segments are articulated spurs, rather than a mixture of fixed spines and spurs, as found in many asilid pupae.
Evolution of MHC class II SLA‐DRB1 locus in the Croatian wild boar (Sus scrofa) implies duplication and weak signals of positive selection
Authors: Arbanasić H. , Konjević D. , Vranković L. , Bujanić M. , Stipoljev S. , Balažin M. , Šprem N. , Škorić D. , Galov A. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe wild boar is an ancestor of the domestic pig and an important game species with the widest geographical range of all ungulates. Although a large amount of data are available on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) variability in domestic pigs, only a few studies have been performed on wild boars. Due to their crucial role in appropriate immune responses and extreme polymorphism, MHC genes represent some of the best candidates for studying the processes of adaptive evolution. Here, we present the results on the variability and evolution of the entire MHC class II SLA‐DRB1 locus exon 2 in 133 wild boars from Croatia. Using direct sequencing and cloning methods, we identified 20 SLA‐DRB1 alleles, including eight new variants, with notable divergence. In some individuals, we documented functional locus duplication, and SLA‐DRB1*04:10 was identified as the allele involved in the duplication. The expression of a duplicated locus was confirmed by cloning and sequencing cDNA‐derived amplicons. Based on individual genotypes, we were able to assume that alleles SLA‐DRB1*04:10 and SLA‐DRB1*06:07 are linked as an allelic combination that co‐evolves as a two‐locus haplotype. Our investigation of evolutionary processes at the SLA‐DRB1 locus confirmed the role of intralocus recombination in generating allelic variability, whereas tests of positive selection based on the dN/dS (non‐synonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio) test revealed atypically weak and ambiguous signals.
Additive Manufacturing of 3D Biomodels as Adjuvant in Intracranial Aneurysm Clipping
Authors: Leal André , Souza Mauren , Nohama Percy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOne of the main difficulties in intracranial aneurysms (IA) surgery refers to the choice of the appropriate clip(s) to be implanted. Although the imaging exams currently available ensure visualization of IA's morphology, they do not bring an accurate reference positioning for the surgeon in executing the surgery procedure nor efficiently contribute to planning the surgery. Unfortunately, for IA's largely inaccessible regions, there is not an efficient method of treatment planning. Therefore, we propose a novel method that allows the generation of a 3D biomodel of the IA region under investigation using additive manufacturing technology (AM). Thus, a physical copy of the IA is produced and offers the surgeon a full view of the anatomy of that region of the brain. The aim of this study is the creation of a flexible 3D physical model (elastomer) through the AM technique, in order to allow the clip selection prior to the surgery. DICOM angio‐CT images from eight patients who underwent IA surgery were transformed into STL format and then built on a 3D printer. Preoperative surgical clip selection was performed and then compared with those used in surgery. At the end of the study, all 3D IA biomodels were reproduced for microsurgical clipping selection and it was possible to predict the metal clip to be used in the surgery. In addition, the proposed methodology helps to clarify the surgical anatomy and to avoid excessive manipulation of the intracranial arteries and prolonged surgical time. The major advantage of this technology is that the surgeon can closely study complex cerebrovascular anatomy from any perspective using realistic 3D biomodels, which can be handheld, allowing simulation of intraoperative situations and anticipation of surgical challenges.