bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics Properties and Thermal Behavior of Pine Sawdust and Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Omari Arthur M. , Kichonge Baraka , Chaula Zephania A. 
Published: July 2019

Waste resulting from economic activities has been an integral part of every human society. Effective waste management is considered to be consistent with improved quality of life through removal of potential hazards of uncontrolled disposal. Recent years has witnessed a number of sustainable energy recovery technologies developed to divert solid waste destined for landﬁlls. Waste management is a global problem and therefore development of energy recovery technologies and at the same time serving dual purpose in its reduction has become a priority in recent years. The present study reports kinetics properties and thermal behavior of pine sawdust and municipal solid waste (MSW) using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thus providing theoretical basis for development of energy recovery technologies. Results of this study have shown that the activation energy of both MSW and pine sawdust varies with temperature. The analysis of pine sawdust shows that it has activation energy (Ea) values of 26.19 kJ/mol., 87.46 kJ/mol. and 54.46 kJ/mol. At respective temperature ranges between 350 – 400K, 550 – 650K and 700 800K. MSW has activation energy between 72.91 kJ/mol. and 139.1 kJ/mol. at temperature ranges between 700 – 900 K and 500 – 600 K respectively. The estimated value of pre-exponential factor for pine sawdust was determined to have the values of 2.46 x 104, 1.6 x 1010 and 5.32 x 1016 (s-1) with temperature ranges between 350 – 400 K, 550 – 650 K and 700 800 K respectively. Municipal solid waste has the values of 3.01 x 1012 and 7.31 x 103 (s-1) with a temperature range of 500 – 600 K and 700 – 900 K respectively. From these findings, it has been determined that MSW and pine sawdust available in Arusha and Kilimanjaro possess energy recovery potentials.
The Evolving Knowledge Management Adult Learner
Authors: Stevens Jeff , Chen Jim , Zekany Kay , Adrian Mitch 
Published: July 2019

This longitudinal study examines the perceptions, attitudes, and preferences of the adult learners in higher education institutions in the United States. A qualitative design was utilized, engaging respondents from six geographic regions in the United States. This three-year, longitudinal research results were compared and contrasted with the eight principles of the Council for Adult and Experiential Learning, and best practices for meeting the educational and professional needs of the adult learner were proposed [1]. Since Knowles [2] published his seminal work on adult learners and their unique characteristics, there have emerged a growing number of studies categorizing these students. Also known as nontraditional students, these individuals have been identified as sharing distinctive commonalities, such as: (1) full time employment with part-time enrollment, (2) dependent support (whether married or single parent status), (3) flexibility in academic and professional advisement, (4) acknowledgement of work- and life-experiences, and (5) are constrained by time limitations [3,4,5].
Optimal Kiln Dry Allocation for Dry Timber Preparation to Minimize Cost
Authors: Theresia Juliet , Widyadana I Gede Agus , Wahjudi Didik 
Published: July 2019

Optimization models are increasingly developed for planning and scheduling in manufacturing of natural resources. However, the uncertainty of material from natural resources makes it more difficult to develop a model. In this paper, we concern about the cost of dry timber preparation for finishing process in a wood-board manufacturer. Based on characteristics of the material and wood-board production process, we develop two models to minimize transportation and drying cost of wood supply. The models consider the capacity of facilities, distances among facilities, and timber specification-based drying periods. The model is solved using linear programming, result in drying allocation of kiln dry’s chambers that gives the minimum cost of the process. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to demonstrate the effect of variation of internal capacity and external capacity to the objective function value. The results show that the total cost is more sensitive to the variation of the external capacity of kiln dry than the variation of the internal capacity.
Smart Compound Eyes Enable Tunable Imaging
Authors: Ma Zhuo‐Chen , Hu Xin‐Yu , Zhang Yong‐Lai , Liu Xue‐Qing , Hou Zhi‐Shan , Niu Li‐Gang , Zhu Lin , Han Bing , Chen Qi‐Dai , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCompound eyes are natural multiaperture optical imaging systems and have substantial potential in the field of modern optics. However, both natural and artificial compound eyes are composed of ommatidia with fixed focal lengths, and thus incapable of variable‐focus imaging. In this study, inspired by the tunable crystalline lens of human eyes, smart stimuli‐responsive compound eyes based on the bovine serum album (BSA) protein are fabricated via femtosecond laser direct writing. Due to the swelling and shrinking effect of BSA under different pH conditions, a tunable field of view (FOV, 35°–80°) and variable focal length of ommatidia are achieved. In addition to the direct prototyping of an entire protein‐based compound eye, the ability to flexibly integrate the smart protein ommatidia with a conventional optical lens (an SU‐8 lens in this study) to form a composite compound eye is shown. The composite compound eye achieves nearly 400% of focal length tuning at a fixed FOV. It is anticipated that femtosecond laser fabrication and the integration of smart protein‐based compound eyes may emerge as an enabler for fabricating miniature tunable imaging systems.
Patterning Si at the 1 nm Length Scale with Aberration‐Corrected Electron‐Beam Lithography: Tuning of Plasmonic Properties by Design
Authors: Manfrinato Vitor R. , Camino Fernando E. , Stein Aaron , Zhang Lihua , Lu Ming , Stach Eric A. , Black Charles T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPatterning of materials at single nanometer resolution allows engineering of quantum confinement effects, as these effects are significant at these length scales, and yields direct control over electro‐optical properties. Silicon is by far the most important material in electronics, and the ability to fabricate Si‐based devices of the smallest dimensions for novel device engineering is highly desirable. The work presented here uses aberration‐corrected electron‐beam lithography combined with dry reactive ion etching to achieve both: patterning of 1 nm features and surface and volume plasmon engineering in Si. The nanofabrication technique employed here produces nanowires with a line edge roughness (LER) of 1 nm (3σ). In addition, this work demonstrates tuning of the Si volume plasmon energy by 1.2 eV from the bulk value, which is one order of magnitude higher than previous attempts of volume plasmon engineering using lithographic methods.
Controllable Configuration of Sensing Band in a Pressure Sensor by Lenticular Pattern Deformation on Designated Electrodes
Authors: Jeong Chanho , Lee Ju Seung , Park Byeonghak , Hong Chang Seob , Kim Jong Uk , Kim Tae‐il 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResistive‐type pressure sensor, which are mainly utilized in industry, are easy to manufacture and are not significantly affected by external electromagnetic fields, unlike capacitive type. However, the produce signal is not linear, and it is also difficult to measure a wide range of pressures using such a sensor. Therefore, before being utilized, the extracted nonlinear data from them need to be processed by. A resistive sensor that is capable of measuring a wide range of pressure of up to 4 MPa with constant linearity is presented. Moreover it can selectively control the sensing pressure band, or act as an on/off switch, without the need for any additional computer processing.
Beneficial Role of Organolead Halide Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 Interface: Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Su Jie , Lin Zhenhua , Tian Ke , Guo Xing , Zhang Jincheng , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the interfacial properties of perovskite/SnO2 interface is important for perovskite solar cell design and optimization. Here, interfacial structure and transport properties of CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 interfaces are investigated comprehensively by density functional theory and experiment. Forming CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 interfaces weakens the gap states induced by CH3NH3PbI3 surfaces. The interfacial transport properties are strongly dependent on the interface atomic configurations. The CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 interface with PbI and O terminations is more beneficial for hole blocking and electron transporting due to the largest valence band offset compared to the CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 interface with other terminations. Moreover, it exhibits a larger electrostatic potential difference compared with CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 interface, leading to the higher electron transfer efficiency. Hence, higher power conversion efficiency is achieved based on CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 compared to CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 structure in experiments. In addition, CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 interfaces with PbI terminations are more stable than those with CH3NH3I terminations, suggesting PbI2 layer may be preferentially formed on SnO2 substrate during CH3NH3PbI3 fabrication process. Such results could provide a useful understanding on CH3NH3PbI3/SnO2 interface and contribute to new strategies for the interface optimization.
Structure of Nonsolvent‐Quenched Block Copolymer Solutions after Exposure to Electric Fields during Solvent Evaporation
Authors: Dreyer Oliver , Wu Mei‐Ling , Radjabian Maryam , Abetz Clarissa , Abetz Volker 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, an electric field is incorporated during the solvent evaporation step of the block copolymer self‐assembly and nonsolvent induced phase separation (SNIPS) process. This study investigates the structure of nonsolvent‐quenched polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) and polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) diblock copolymer solutions after exposure to electric fields during solvent evaporation. The results indicate an emphasizing effect of the electric field, enhancing self‐assembly and compensating mediocre experimental parameters to a certain degree. However, the impact is found to be different for the two diblock copolymer membranes depending on the selection of experimental parameters as well as the segregation strength of the systems. In addition, an increasing length of the vertically aligned cylindrical pores by the electric field is observed for both membranes, scaling with the applied voltage. This effect is primarily attributed to the suppression of defects and ill‐alignment of polymer domains in the course of structure formation during SNIPS by the electric field. Scanning electron microscopy is used to image the surface and cross‐sectional morphology of the integral asymmetric membranes.
Cyclisation Reactions Involving Alkyl Enol Ethers
Authors: Lempenauer Luisa , Lemière Gilles , Duñach Elisabet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnol ethers are a fascinating product class and valuable building blocks with versatile reactivities and synthetic applications. With the emergence of silyl enol ethers, the chemistry of simple alkyl enol ethers has received less attention and targeted reviews of their chemistry are scarce. Especially intramolecular reactions under participation of an enol ether function have never been specifically surveyed. The construction of cyclic scaffolds is arguably one of the most important and challenging tasks of the organic chemist and intramolecular cyclisations represent the most straight‐forward tool to achieve this goal. The potential of enol ether‐containing substrates to form oxygenated carbo‐ and heterocycles is obvious. The purpose of this review is to discuss their particular reactivity and to direct the reader's attention to how their unique properties have been harnessed by organic chemists for the construction of rings.magnified image
1T′‐ReS2 Confined in 2D‐Honeycombed Carbon Nanosheets as New Anode Materials for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Biao , Li Huan , Liu Huaxiong , Wang Xinqian , Xie Fangxi , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin , Davey Kenneth , Zhao Naiqin , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReS2 (rhenium disulfide) is a new transition‐metal dichalcogenide that exhibits 1T′ phase and extremely weak interlayer van der Waals interactions. This makes it promising as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. However, achieving both a high‐rate capability and a long‐life has remained a major research challenge. Here, a new composite is reported, in which both are realized for the first time. 1T′‐ReS2 is confined through strong interfacial interaction in a 2D‐honeycombed carbon nanosheets that comprise an rGO inter‐layer and a N‐doped carbon coating‐layer (rGO@ReS2@N‐C). The strong interfacial interaction between carbon and ReS2 increases overall conductivity and decreases Na+ diffusion resistance, whilst the intended 2D‐honeycombed carbon protective layer maintains structural morphology and electrochemical activity during long‐term cycling. These findings are confirmed by advanced characterization techniques, electrochemical measurement, and density functional theory calculation. The new rGO@ReS2@N‐C exhibits the greatest rate performance reported so far for ReS2 of 231 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. Significantly, this is together with ultra‐stable long‐term cycling of 192 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 4000 cycles.
Foliar water‐uptake strategies are related to leaf water status and gas exchange in plants from a ferruginous rupestrian field
Authors: Boanares Daniela , Kozovits Alessandra R. , Lemos‐Filho José P. , Isaias Rosy M. S. , Solar Ricardo R. R. , Duarte Alexandre A. , Vilas‐Boas Tiago , França Marcel G. C. 
Published: July 2019

PremiseFog is a frequent event in Brazilian rupestrian field and plays an important role in the physiology of several plant species. Foliar water uptake (FWU) of fog may be fast or slow depending on the species. However, fog water may negatively affect CO2 assimilation. Thus, the interference in the water and carbon balance as a result of different strategies of FWU was evaluated to verify whether fog may mitigate possible water deficit in leaves.MethodsFour plant species with different FWU strategies were studied in a ferruginous rupestrian field with frequent fog. Gas exchange and water potential were measured before dawn and at midday during the dry and rainy seasons, separating foggy from non‐foggy days during the dry season.ResultsThe FWU speed negatively influences CO2 assimilation in the dry season, possibly because of its negative relationship with stomatal conductance, since reduced stomatal aperture impairs carbon entrance. Fog presence increased leaf water potential both in early morning and midday during the dry season. However, during the rainy season, the values of leaf water potential were lower at midday, than during the dry season with fog at midday, which favors leaf gas exchanges.ConclusionsFWU interferes negatively, but briefly with CO2 assimilation. Nevertheless, FWU prevents water loss through transpiration and increases the water status of plants in the dry season. That is, FWU results in a compensation between CO2 assimilation and foliar hydration, which, in fact, is beneficial to the plants of this ecosystem.
Clinical and molecular analysis in Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome
Authors: Machado Renato A. , Cuadra‐Zelaya Florence J. M. , Martelli‐Júnior Hercílio , Miranda Roseli T. , Casarin Renato C. V. , Corrêa Mônica G. , Nociti Francisco , Coletta Ricardo D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPapillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS; MIM#245000) is a rare recessive autosomal disorder characterized by palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis, and aggressively progressing periodontitis leading to premature loss of deciduous and permanent teeth. PLS is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in the CTSC gene, which encodes cathepsin C. PLS clinical expressivity is highly variable and no consistent genotype–phenotype correlation has been demonstrated yet. Here we report the clinical and genetic features of five PLS patients presenting a severe periodontal breakdown in primary and permanent dentition, hyperkeratosis over palms and soles, and recurrent sinusitis and/or tonsillitis. Mutation analysis revealed two novel homozygous recessive mutations (c.947T>C and c.1010G>C) and one previous described homozygous recessive mutation (c.901G>A), with parents carrying them in heterozygous, in three families (four patients). The fourth family presented with the CTSC c.628C>T mutation in heterozygous, which was inherited maternally. Patient carrying the CTSC c.628C>T mutation featured classical PLS phenotype, but no PLS clinical characteristics were found in his carrier mother. All mutations were found to affect directly (c.901G>A, c.947T>C, and c.1010G>C) or indirectly (c.628C>T, which induces a premature termination) the heavy chain of the cathepsin C, the region responsible for activation of the lysosomal protease. Together, these findings indicate that both homozygous and heterozygous mutations in the cathepsin C heavy chain domain may lead to classical PLS phenotype, suggesting roles for epistasis or gene–environment interactions on determination of PLS phenotypes.
Intravenous thrombolysis prior to mechanical thrombectomy in large vessel occlusions
Authors: Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Malhotra Konark , Goyal Nitin , Arthur Adam , Schellinger Peter D. , Köhrmann Martin , Krogias Christos , Turc Guillaume , Magoufis Georgios , Leys Didier , Ahmed Niaz , Khatri Pooja , Goyal Mayank , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThe substantial clinical improvement in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT), combined with the poor response of proximal intracranial occlusions to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), led to questions regarding the utility of bridging therapy (BT; IVT followed by MT) compared to direct mechanical thrombectomy (dMT) for AIS patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO).MethodsWe aimed to investigate the comparative safety and efficacy of BT and dMT in AIS patients. We included all observational studies and post hoc analyses from randomized controlled clinical trials that provided data on the outcomes of AIS patients with LVO stratified by IVT treatment status prior to MT.ResultsWe identified 38 eligible observational studies (11,798 LVO patients, mean age = 68 years, 56% treated with BT). In unadjusted analyses, BT was associated with a higher likelihood of 3‐month functional independence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32–1.76), 3‐month functional improvement (common OR [cOR] for 1‐point decrease in modified Rankin Scale score = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.18–1.97), early neurological improvement (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.83–1.76), successful recanalization (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02–1.46), and successful recanalization with ≤2 device passes (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.43–3.64) compared to dMT. BT was also related to a lower likelihood of 3‐month mortality (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.57–0.73). In the adjusted analyses, BT was independently associated with a higher likelihood of 3‐month functional independence (adjusted OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.26–1.91) and lower odds of 3‐month mortality (adjusted OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66–0.97) compared to dMT. The two groups did not differ in functional improvement (adjusted cOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.89–1.74) or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.61–1.25).InterpretationBT appears to be associated with improved functional independence without evidence for safety concerns, compared to dMT, for AIS patients with LVO. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:395–406
Tetraphenylporphyrin‐based dual‐functional medical agent for magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging
Authors: Jin Manyu , Zhang Yanqun , Gao Ge , Xi Qiaoyue , Tong Jie , Zhao Yongxia , Wu Cunqi , Zhou Hua , Yang Qiuxia , Yang Wei , Xu Jingwei 
Published: July 2019

A bimodal magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, TPP‐M‐Gd, was developed by modifying tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) with a small dendritic molecule as a ligand (M) to chelate gadolinium (Gd) ions. The ligand featured four carboxylate groups, which contributed to good water solubility and a strong combination with metal ions. The longitudinal relaxivity (R1) of the resulting agent was calculated to be 12.45 mM−1 s−1, which is much higher than that of DTPA‐Gd (4.49 mM−1 s−1). The magnetic resonance imaging experiments showed that the newly synthesized contrast agent could enhance T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging quality both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, TPP‐M‐Gd exhibited good fluorescent property as shown in cell imaging experiments. The cytotoxicity of TPP‐M‐Gd was even better than that of clinically approved DTPA‐Gd, which makes it a promising dual‐functional medical imaging agent to provide more detailed information about biological and disease‐related events.
Fe/Mn oxide decorated polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane as heterogeneous Fenton reactor for methylene blue decolorization
Authors: Xu Naiku , Guo Dongyan , Xiao Changfa 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTA very distinctive modification route was schemed to fabricate a membrane reactor that could heterogeneously catalyze Fenton reactions to decolorize dye wastewater in the process of filtration. Through this route, porogen‐free polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fiber membrane was decorated with in situ generated well‐distributed Fe/Mn composite oxide, and the so‐called membrane reactor was finally acquired. Its performance of decolorizing dye wastewater was evaluated by feeding methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution into its lumen side and analyzing the permeate gained from its shell side. The results showed that about 97.4% of MB could be removed from its aqueous solution as the solution passed through the shell side of hollow fiber membrane, and this removal efficiency would keep unchanged when operation period was lengthened. The membrane reactor presented excellent capability to decolorize MB aqueous solution and could be used repeatedly without any loss in decolorization efficiency. Finally, the mechanism of causing MB decolorization was proposed by comparing decolorization performance of modified and unmodified membranes, measuring total organic carbon, and analyzing UV–Vis spectra. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48217.
Rose Bengal Immobilized on Supported Ionic‐Liquid‐like Phases: An Efficient Photocatalyst for Batch and Flow Processes
Authors: Valverde David , Porcar Raul , Izquierdo Diana , Burguete M. Isabel , Garcia‐Verdugo Eduardo , Luis Santiago V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe catalytic activity of Rose Bengal (RB) immobilized on supported ionic liquid (IL)‐like phases was evaluated as a polymer‐supported photocatalyst. In these systems, the polymer was designed to play a pivotal role. The polymeric backbone adequately modified with IL‐like moieties (supported IL‐like phases, SILLPs) was not just an inert support for the dye but controlled the accessibility of reagents/substrates to the active sites and provided specific microenvironments for the reaction. The structure of SILLPs could be finetuned to adjust the catalytic efficiency of the RB‐SILLP composites, achieving systems that were more active and stable than the related systems in the absence of IL‐like units.