bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticosterone-Mediated Body Weight Loss Is an Important Catabolic Process for Poststroke Immunity and Survival
Authors: Yang Jiwon , Kim Eunhee , Beltran Cesar , Cho Sunghee 
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—
Stroke-induced acute severe body weight (BW) loss is associated with a high rate of mortality during a critical poststroke period. Several interventions to reduce weight loss, however, have not been successful. Currently, the biological significance of this extraordinary catabolic process is not well understood. Spleen-derived monocytes/macrophages (MMs) are the major immune cells recruited to the injured brain. The trafficking of MMs has been shown to be important for tissue repair and recovery. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the BW reduction is essential for MM-mediated immune response for mice to survive and whether a corticosterone-mediated catabolic event underlies the processes.

Methods—

C57BL/6 male mice (12-week-old) were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. BW, total MMs, and their Ly-6C
high
and Ly-6C
low
subsets were determined in the spleen, blood, and the brain in poststroke mice. Poststroke survival rate and MM subsets were determined in mice with adrenalectomy, sham-adrenalectomy, and adrenalectomy mice supplemented with corticosterone.

Results—
Stroke reduced BW with a maximum reduction at day 3 poststroke (17.2±5.2%). The reduction at day 3 was positively linked to injury severity and selective depletion of MMs, but no other types of immune cells, in the spleen. Notably, the splenic MM depletion was significantly greater in mice with severe BW reduction (≥18% at day 3). In the blood, stroke depleted circulating MMs to a similar degree in animals with moderate and severe BW loss. Ly-6C+ monocyte infiltration in the poststroke brain was greater in mice with severe BW loss. Blocking the catabolic process by adrenalectomy significantly increased poststroke mortality, but the mortality was partially rescued by corticosterone supplement in adrenalectomy mice.

Conclusions—
Stroke-induced BW loss facilitates MM-mediated immune response, and the adrenal corticosterone-mediated catabolic process is necessary for poststroke survival.

Visual Overview—

An online
visual overview
is available for this article.
“With Length of Days I Will Gratify Him”
Authors: Dunn Geoffrey D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Bible has a variety of perspectives on old age. On the one hand, as exemplified in Ps 91(90):16 and 92(91):15, old age is a sign of God’s blessing and the elderly are held in high regard as valuable, while on the other, as exemplified in Ps 39(38):5; 71(70):9; and 90(89):10, life is seen as fleeting and length of days as insignificant and the elderly fear neglect. The psalms held a high place in Augustine’s Christian identity. This paper explores Augustine’s use of these verses to consider the extent to which his religious outlook shaped his perspectives on ageing, as well as addressing the question of whether or not he was aware of the conflict between the two perspectives. It will be argued that Augustine was not interested in the contradictions presented by the psalmist, and that he interpreted all the verses through an eschatological framework, such that an evaluation of the meaning and value of life is to be found only through a perception of eternity.
Death, Decay and Delight in Cyprian of Carthage
Authors: Murphy Edwina 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A martyr’s suffering and death is glorious, says Cyprian of Carthage. No surprises there. But what about the ageing, suffering and death common to humanity? Old age is naturally associated with physical decline in people, just as the ageing world is diminishing in vigour. Elders must be respected, however, and signs of age should be valued, not erased. Furthermore, just as the end of the world is a matter of hope for the Christian, so is the end of one’s life – the gateway to everlasting joy. As Cyprian emphasises in De mortalitate, even the suffering caused by the plague is to be embraced rather than spurned; afflictions are cause for rejoicing as by them Christians are proved, strengthened and ultimately crowned. Cyprian’s characteristic distinction between the physical and the spiritual, the temporal and the eternal, is prominent as he encourages his flock to persevere in the midst of turbulent times.
The Blessings of Blindness: Divine Illumination as Spiritual Health
Authors: Steiger Peter 
Published: July 2019

Summary
Among early Christian writers, Didymus of Alexandria occupies an unusual position being a theologian who garnered renown while enduring a significant physical disability, since he became blind in early childhood. Scholars of Didymus have frequently bemoaned the lack of biographical information concerning this famous teacher, and some suggest that Didymus never expresses regret for losing his physical eyesight in his own writing, arguing that he considered spiritual insight more valuable. Most recent monographs on Didymus have been content to cite traditions about Didymus’ blindness, but few have sought to track the emergence of the few traditions about him and how these sources might relate to each other and have conflicting theological agendas. This paper seeks to address these lacunae by closely examining references to Didymus from his own contemporaries, all of whom personally met him, in order to make some suggestions of how this might open some new avenues for better understanding attitudes toward physical disability in early Christianity and particularly Didymus as a blind Christian theologian.
Moses in the Wilderness: Basil of Caesarea on Formation of the Prophet
Authors: Alieva Olga 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Basil of Caesarea’s treatment of the life of Moses in his Hexaemeron is traditionally taken to be dependent on Philo of Alexandria and the Jewish exegetical tradition. Without questioning the fact that Basil knew Philo’s Life of Moses, this paper seeks to demonstrate, however, that in this respect Basil was more indebted to Origen and his tripartite division of philosophy into ethics, physics, and epoptics. This allows not only to make a more balanced assessment of Origen’s influence on Basil, increasingly stressed in recent scholarship, but also to suggest a more nuanced interpretation of Basil’s Address to the youth and his program of the Christian paideia.
An Irreproachable Dogmatics? Plotinus, Theodore Metochites and the Sixth Chapter of the Letter On Education
Authors: Makarov Dmitry I. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the chapters 6 to 9 of his On Education (ca. 1305) Theodore Metochites (ca. 1270-1332) expounded his understanding of the fundamentals of Orthodox dogmatics. Basing his Triadological views on Plotinus, he went so far as to dissociate the divine essence from the Persons. By additionally exalting God the Father as the Keeper of Providence over all the beings and God the Son as the Redeemer, our thinker assigned to the Holy Spirit only a subsidiary role in the Economy of our salvation perforce. So, it was his deliberate choice not to say even a word concerning Filioque, the psychological trauma ensuing from his father’s death being not the only reason for this omission (in addition to what Ihor Ševčenko thought). In Christology Theodore moved away from John of Damascus’ teaching on the immaculate passions of Jesus Christ’s humanity taken in its post­laparian state, but then he repeatedly quoted Gregory of Nazianzus. In doing so Metochites might have thought that Gregory had terminated “the Golden Age” of patristics. I have identified an important quote from Gregory which remained unnoticed by the editor.
Difficulties in Particular: Theological and Historical Context of the Anonymous Treatise “On the Common Nature and the Trinity”
Authors: Shchukin Timur , Nogovitsin Oleg 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The anti-Monophysitic anonymous treatise On the common nature and the Trinity was written in the 550-560s for the educational purposes in philosophy and theology. Therefore, its content was perceived in those days as something certainly traditional. It reflects theological discussions of its time, thus making feel the degree of complication of the current theological situation and the extent of mutual comprehension between the rival parties. The anonymous author normally keeps himself within the conceptual language of the late Neoplatonism, especially the school of Ammonius of Alexandria known by its interest to peripatetic instruments. The author himself is a Chalcedonian. When rejecting both “Nestorian” and “Severian” Christologies, he claims that the human nature became a constitutive element of the hypostasis of Christ (consisting of two common natures) and by no means an independent hypostasis. There are some similarities with the teaching of Leontius of Byzantium’s Against the Nestorians and the Eutychians and Solution of the Syllogisms of Severus, whereas the present author is much more succinct, and his exposition is simplified. For instance, unlike Leontius of Byzantium, he does not distinguish the contexts, where the notions of nature and substance could be used differently; he does not state explicitly that the human nature within the hypostasis of Christ is the common nature and not a particular nature. The latter term is used but never explained. The treatise is a curious witness of the relevance of an intra-Monophysite controversy for Chalcedonites.
Kyiv Metropolia and Moscow Diplomacy: an Ottoman Viewpoint
Authors: Kulchynskyy Оles , Kul Ömer 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Muscovite legation to the Ottoman Empire in 1686 enabled the final stage of annexation of the Kyiv Metropolia by the Patriarchate of Moscow at the end of the 17th century. However, previously ignored Ottoman sources (the official register of Ottoman affairs in 1686-1687, the History of Silahdar chronicle, and a fragment of the European chronicle Relazione di Constantinopoli) contradict the Russian narrative. This casts doubt on the veracity of the Muscovite diplomatic mission in 1686 and, therefore, the process of separation of the Kyiv Metropolia from the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
The utility of artificial intelligence in suicide risk prediction and the management of suicidal behaviors
Authors: Fonseka Trehani M , Bhat Venkat , Kennedy Sidney H 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Suicide is a growing public health concern with a global prevalence of approximately 800,000 deaths per year. The current process of evaluating suicide risk is highly subjective, which can limit the efficacy and accuracy of prediction efforts. Consequently, suicide detection strategies are shifting toward artificial intelligence platforms that can identify patterns within ‘big data’ to generate risk algorithms that can determine the effects of risk (and protective) factors on suicide outcomes, predict suicide outbreaks and identify at-risk individuals or populations. In this review, we summarize the role of artificial intelligence in optimizing suicide risk prediction and behavior management. Methods: This paper provides a general review of the literature. A literature search was conducted in OVID Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases with coverage from January 1990 to June 2019. Results were restricted to peer-reviewed, English-language articles. Conference and dissertation proceedings, case reports, protocol papers and opinion pieces were excluded. Reference lists were also examined for additional articles of relevance. Results: At the individual level, prediction analytics help to identify individuals in crisis to intervene with emotional support, crisis and psychoeducational resources, and alerts for emergency assistance. At the population level, algorithms can identify at-risk groups or suicide hotspots, which help inform resource mobilization, policy reform and advocacy efforts. Artificial intelligence has also been used to support the clinical management of suicide across diagnostics and evaluation, medication management and behavioral therapy delivery. There could be several advantages of incorporating artificial intelligence into suicide care, which includes a time- and resource-effective alternative to clinician-based strategies, adaptability to various settings and demographics, and suitability for use in remote locations with limited access to mental healthcare supports. Conclusion: Based on the observed benefits to date, artificial intelligence has a demonstrated utility within suicide prediction and clinical management efforts and will continue to advance mental healthcare forward.
A Comparative Study of Two Scales for Foreign Language Classroom Enjoyment
Authors: Jin Yinxing , Zhang Lawrence Jun 
Published: July 2019

This article reports on a study that tested Jin and Zhang's Chinese version of the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale for classroom learning through confirmatory factor analysis and compared the resulting scale with Li, Jiang, and Dewaele's 11-item scale. Four hundred five Chinese first language senior high school students of English in years 1–3 participated in this study. We found that Jin and Zhang's version of the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale could be reduced to a 16-item scale that preserved the same factor structure as the original scale. This revised 16-item scale showed a more solid dimensional division and better psychometric properties than Li et al.'s scale. We discussed our findings in relation to the scale's wider application for improving foreign language teaching and learning.
Using systematic collaborative reflection to enhance consumer-led mental health research
Authors: Honey Anne , Berry Bridget , Hancock Nicola , Scanlan Justin , Schweizer Richard , Waks Shifra 
Published: July 2019

Introduction Consumer-led and collaborative research is consistent with occupational therapy principles of inclusion and client-centredness, and is increasingly valued in mental health. Our research team of three occupational therapists and three consumers was funded to conduct a consumer-led mental health service evaluation. Because of a lack of previous research to guide our practice, we engaged in a collaborative autoethnography to gather information about the process of consumer-led research. We discovered that the systematic reflective processes of collaborative autoethnography played a critical part in shaping the very experiences being investigated. This article describes the impact of using this systematic collaborative reflection on the process of consumer-led research. Method Data from weekly journal entries and quarterly focus groups were analysed using constant comparative analysis. Codes relating to experiences and impacts of the collaborative autoethnography were extracted for presentation in this article. Findings Our collaborative autoethnography activities provided unique opportunities that developed our shared understanding of consumer-led research in mental health, facilitated a respectful and open group culture and, ultimately, resulted in a more consumer-led research project. Conclusion Occupational therapists striving to include and empower service users in research and evaluation could benefit from adopting systematic collaborative, reflective techniques.
Rates of Adverse Outcomes and Revision Surgery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Study of 104,255 Procedures Using the National Hospital Episode Statistics Database for England, UK
Authors: Abram Simon G.F. , Judge Andrew , Beard David J. , Price Andrew J. 
Published: July 2019

Background: After an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, ACL reconstruction is an elective procedure, and therefore, an understanding of the attributable risk from undergoing ACL reconstruction is necessary for patients to make a fully informed treatment decision. Purpose: To determine the absolute risk of adverse outcomes including reoperation after ACL reconstruction with comparison, where possible, to the rate of adverse events reported in the general population. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: National hospital data on all ACL reconstructions performed in England between April 1, 1997, and March 31, 2017, were analyzed. Revision cases, bilateral procedures within 6 months, and cases with concurrent cartilage or multiple ligament surgery were excluded. The primary outcome was the occurrence of at least 1 serious complication (myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, infection requiring surgery, fasciotomy, neurovascular injury, or death) within 90 days. Additionally, 5-year rates of revision ACL reconstruction, contralateral ACL reconstruction, and meniscal surgery were investigated. Results: There were 133,270 ACL reconstructions performed, of which 104,255 were eligible for analysis. Within 90 days, serious complications occurred in 675 (0.65% [95% CI, 0.60-0.70]), including 494 reoperations for infections (0.47% [95% CI, 0.43-0.52]) and 129 for pulmonary embolism (0.12% [95% CI, 0.10-0.15]). Of 54,275 procedures with at least 5 years’ follow-up, 1746 (3.22% [95% CI, 3.07-3.37]) underwent revision ACL reconstruction in the same knee, 1553 underwent contralateral ACL reconstruction (2.86% [95% CI, 2.72-3.01]), and 340 underwent meniscal surgery (0.63% [95% CI, 0.56-0.70]). The overall risk of serious complications fell over time (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.96 per year [95% CI, 0.95-0.98]); however, older patients (adjusted OR, 1.11 per 5 years [95% CI, 1.07-1.16]) and patients with a greater modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (adjusted OR, 2.41 per 10 units [95% CI, 1.65-3.51]) were at a higher risk. For every 850 (95% CI, 720-1039) ACL reconstructions, 1 pulmonary embolism could be provoked. For every 213 (95% CI, 195-233), 1 native knee joint infection could be provoked. Conclusion: The overall risk of adverse events after ACL reconstruction is low; however, some rare but serious complications, including infections or pulmonary embolism, may occur. Around 3% of patients undergo further ipsilateral or contralateral ACL reconstruction within 5 years. These data will inform shared decision making between clinicians and patients considering their treatment options.
Enhanced depth imaging in swept-source optical coherence tomography: Improving visibility of choroid and sclera, a masked study
Authors: Weill Yishay , Brosh Koby , Levi Vineberg Tamar , Arieli Yoel , Caspi Avi , Potter Michael J , Zadok David , Hanhart Joel 
Published: July 2019

Purpose To compare enhanced depth imaging in swept-source optical coherence tomography and non–enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in their ability to capture choroidal and scleral details. Methods Averaged foveal B-Scans were obtained from 40 eyes of 20 healthy volunteers by swept-source optical coherence tomography with and without enhanced depth imaging. Visibility and contrast of vascular details within the choroid, choroidoscleral junction, and sclera were evaluated by masked readers using an ordinal scoring scale. Outcomes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test. Results Visibility of the choroidal vascular details ( Z = 5.94, p < .001), the choroidoscleral junction ( Z = 5.85, p < .001), and the sclera ( Z = 6.80, p < .001) was significantly higher with enhanced depth imaging than with non–enhanced depth imaging swept-source optical coherence tomography. Similarly, image contrast was significantly higher with enhanced depth imaging than with non–enhanced depth imaging swept-source optical coherence tomography for the choroidal vascular details ( Z = 9.47, p < .001), for the choroidoscleral junction ( Z = 9.28, p < .001), and for the sclera ( Z = 9.42, p < .001). Conclusion Enhanced depth imaging applied to swept-source optical coherence tomography–averaged foveal B-scans enhances visualization of the choroidal details, of the choroidoscleral junction, and of the sclera. This novel modality can easily be implemented in clinics and could improve our understanding of conditions involving the choroid or the sclera.
Clinical outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction versus advanced surface ablation in low myopia
Authors: Taneri Suphi , Kießler Saskia , Rost Anika , Schultz Tim , Dick H Burkhard 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To compare the visual and refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction and advanced surface ablation for low myopia or myopic astigmatism. Methods: Retrospective, observational case series of our first 50 consecutive small incision lenticule extraction patients compared to refraction-matched 50 advanced surface ablation treatments with attempted spherical equivalent correction ⩽−3.5 D, astigmatism ⩽−1.5 D, and corrected distance visual acuity of 1.0 (decimal scale) or better. Only one eye per patient was included. Results: Small incision lenticule extraction: mean attempted spherical equivalent correction was −2.80 ± 0.63 D. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.85 and 1.0 at days 1 and 5, respectively. At 3 months, mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.02 ± 0.32 D (range: −0.5 to +0.75 D), mean cylinder was −0.24 ± 0.21 D (range: 0 to −0.75 D), mean uncorrected distance visual acuity was 1.27, mean efficacy index was 0.96, and mean safety index was 1.05. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was same or better than corrected distance visual acuity in 96%, astigmatism ⩽0.5 D in 98% and ⩽1 D in 100% of eyes, respectively. Advanced surface ablation: mean attempted spherical equivalent correction was −2.75 ± 0.5 D. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.72 and 0.61 at days 1 and 5, respectively. At 3 months, mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.22 ± 0.32 D, mean cylinder was −0.27 ± 0.27 D, mean uncorrected distance visual acuity was 1.21, mean efficacy index was 1.03, and mean safety index was 1.08. Conclusion: Small incision lenticule extraction for low myopia was found to be safe and effective with outcomes at 3 months similar to those obtained with advanced surface ablation while offering a quicker visual recovery.
Intrathecal immunoglobulins and neurofilament light after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Larsson Diane , Åkerfeldt Torbjörn , Carlson Kristina , Burman Joachim 
Published: July 2019

Background: Oligoclonal bands (OCB) are widely believed to be stable over time and rarely affected by disease-modifying treatment in MS. It is presently unknown how intrathecal immunoglobulin production and other cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are impacted by a highly efficacious procedure such as autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). Objective: To describe the evolution of intrathecal immunoglobulin and neurofilament light (NFL) over time in MS patients treated with aHSCT. Methods: In this retrospective study, available data from previously made CSF investigations in 46 patients treated with aHSCT were analysed. Results: After a median follow-up time of 745 days, immunoglobulin G (IgG) OCB remained detectable in 74% of patients, the proportion of patients with a pathological IgG index went down from 70% to 46%, and the proportion of patients with a pathological NFL went down from 72% to 24%. In patients with follow-up time >1500 days, IgG OCB were detectable in 50% of patients, 14% had a pathological IgG index and none a pathological NFL. Conclusions: Intrathecal immunoglobulin production and NFL were lower after treatment with aHSCT, decreased over time and were normalised in a significant portion of patients. This challenges the notion that OCB are unaffected by therapeutic intervention in MS.