bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation and Policing: Factors Influencing the Adoption of Social Medias by Members of Quebec Police Organizations
Authors: Delle Donne Julie , Fortin Francis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe literature on members of police organizations adopting new technology is generally descriptive and rarely explanatory. However, the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the studies that have grown out of it have contributed to creation of a model that helps explain adoption rates of new technology by individuals working in an organization. To verify whether this model can be used to study the adoption of technology in police organizations, our study examines the factors that influence the adoption of social media (SM) by members (n = 177) of Quebec police organizations. Our findings confirm that the factors identified in the literature on innovation—the perception that potential users have of the new technology as well as organizational factors, such as the respondent’s role in the organization—can also help explain why and how frequently a member uses SM in his or her work.
How Do Police Officers Cope with Police Corruption and Corrupt Peers? A Typology in the Making
Authors: Constantinou Angelo G 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe phenomenon of police corruption has received a significant share of attention by both scholars and practitioners. However, although notable knowledge has been built on a corpus of circumferential issues in and determinants of corruption, the array of coping strategies of police officers who encounter corrupt practices and interact with corrupt colleagues has evaded empirical analysis. That said, this article sets out to do that and draws on data collected from a web survey, based on a sample of 446 Cypriot police officers. In the main, it is argued that inertia and apathy are embedded in the preponderance of police officers’ attitudes towards their corrupt peers. Also, for delineating (and somewhat explicating) the coping strategies of police officers who share workplaces with corrupt peers, a typology based on the COPE Inventory is introduced.
Changes in physical activity, weight and wellbeing outcomes among attendees of a weekly mass participation event: a prospective 12-month study
Authors: Stevinson C , Hickson M 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Mass participation events are recognized as a way of engaging low-active individuals in health-enhancing physical activity, but there is a need to investigate the sustained effects on behaviour and health. This study aimed to examine changes in self-reported physical activity, weight and wellbeing over 12 months in participants of parkrun, a weekly mass participation 5 km running event.

Methods
New parkrun registrants (n = 354) completed self-reported measures of physical activity, weight, happiness and stress, at registration, 6 months and 12 months. Objective data on attendance and fitness (i.e. run dates and finishing times) were obtained from the parkrun database.

Results
Overall physical activity levels were high at baseline, but significantly increased over the first 6 months, before declining. By 12 months, weekly physical activity was 39 min higher than baseline. Significant reductions in body mass index were observed over 12 months, with a weight loss of 1.1% in the whole sample, and 2.4% among overweight participants. Modest increases in happiness and decreases in perceived stress were recorded. Run times suggested a 12% improvement in fitness during the study.

Conclusion
Significant changes in weight, fitness and wellbeing outcomes indicate the public health benefits of regular participation in parkrun.
Frictional Labour Mobility
Authors: Schmutz Benoît , Sidibé Modibo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We build a dynamic model of migration where, in addition to standard relocation costs, workers face spatial frictions that decrease their ability to compete for distant job opportunities. We estimate the model on a matched employer–employee panel dataset describing labour market transitions within and between the 100 largest French cities. Our identification strategy is based on the premise that frictions affect the frequency of job transitions, while mobility costs impact the distribution of accepted wages. We find that: (1) controlling for spatial frictions reduces mobility cost estimates by one order of magnitude; (2) the urban wage premium is driven by better opportunities for local job-to-job transitions in larger cities; (3) migration reduces lifetime inequalities by providing insurance against unsatisfactory initial location draws; (4) labour mobility policies based on relocation subsidies are inefficient, unlike switching from nationwide to local minimum wages.
RADIATION DOSE TO PATIENTS IN CORONARY INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES: A SURVEY
Authors: Brindhaban A 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate dose–area product (DAP) and peak skin dose (PSD) for coronary angiography (CA) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The DAP and PSD of 300 randomly selected patients who were referred to CA and/or PCI, over a period of 3 months were recorded and analyzed. The mean DAP of 32 Gy cm2 and mean PSD of 412 mGy for CA were lower than 118 Gy cm2 and 857 mGy, respectively, for PCI. The DAP range of 2–84 Gy cm2 for CA and 12–378 mGy for PCI were also established. The maximum value of PSD for PCI procedures reached above the 2 Gy threshold for erythema. However, these values are similar to those available in literature. Periodic surveys may be required to monitor and/or reduce radiation doses in coronary interventional procedures.
Population-level Mortality Associated with HIV Exposure in HIV-uninfected Infants in Botswana and South Africa: A Model-based Evaluation
Authors: Slogrove Amy L , Johnson Leigh F , Powis Kathleen M 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We aimed to quantify the contribution of excess mortality in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants to total mortality in HIV-uninfected infants in Botswana and South Africa in 2013. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) and excess infant deaths associated with HIV exposure in HIV-uninfected infants were estimated. Additionally, the Thembisa South African demographic model estimated the proportion of all infant mortality associated with excess mortality in HEU infants from 1990 to 2013. The PAF (lower bound; upper bound) of mortality associated with HIV exposure in HIV-uninfected infants was 16.8% (2.5; 31.2) in Botswana and 15.1% (2.2; 28.2) in South Africa. Excess infant deaths (lower bound; upper bound) associated with HIV exposure in 2013 were estimated to be 5.6 (0.5; 16.6)/1000 and 4.9 (0.6; 11.2)/1000 HIV-uninfected infants in Botswana and South Africa, respectively. In South Africa, the proportion of all infant (HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected) mortality associated with excess HEU infant mortality increased from 0.4% in 1990 to 13.8% in 2013.
Early postnatal development of the cellular and circuit properties of striatal D1 and D2 spiny projection neurons
Authors: Krajeski Rohan N. , Macey-Dare Anežka , van Heusden Fran , Ebrahimjee Farid , Ellender Tommas J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA dysfunctional striatum is thought to contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD, Tourette’s syndrome and OCD. Insight into these disorders is reliant on an understanding of the normal development of the striatal cellular and circuit properties. Here we combined whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and anatomical reconstructions of D1 and D2 striatal projection neurons (SPNs) in brain slices to characterize the development of the electrophysiological and morphological properties as well as their long-range and local inputs during the first three postnatal weeks. Overall, we find that many properties develop in parallel but we make several key observations. Firstly, that the electrophysiological properties of young D1 SPNs are more mature and that distinctions between D1 and D2 SPNs become apparent in the second postnatal week. Secondly, that dendrites and spines as well as excitatory inputs from cortex develop in parallel with cortical inputs exhibiting a prolonged period of maturation involving changes in postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Lastly, that initial local connections between striatal SPNs consist of gap junctions, which are gradually replaced by inhibitory synaptic connections. Interestingly, relative biases in inhibitory synaptic connectivity seen between SPNs in adulthood, such as a high connectivity between D2 SPNs, are already evident in the second postnatal week. Combined, these results provide an experimental framework for future investigations of striatal neurodevelopmental disorders and show that many of the cellular and circuit properties are established in the first and second postnatal weeks suggesting intrinsic programs guide their development.Significance StatementNormal brain development involves the formation of neurons, which develop correct electrical and morphological properties and are precisely connected with each other in a neural circuit. In neurodevelopmental disorders these processes go awry leading to behavioral and cognitive problems later in life. Here we provide for the first time a detailed quantitative description of the cellular and circuit properties of the two main neuron types of the striatum during the first postnatal weeks. This can form an experimental framework for future studies into neurodevelopmental disorders. We find that most of the properties for both types of striatal neuron develop in parallel and are already established by the second postnatal week suggesting a key role for intrinsic programs in guiding their development.
The pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease derive from compensatory responses to NMDA receptor insufficiency
Authors: Sohre Selina , Moosmann Bernd 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease is characterized by intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and extracellular plaques of amyloid β peptide, a product of APP processing. The origin of these pathological hallmarks has remained elusive. Here, we have tested the idea that both alterations, at the onset of the disease, may constitute compensatory responses to the same causative and initial trigger, namely NMDA receptor insufficiency. Treatment of rat cortical neurons with the specific NMDA receptor antagonist AP5 within 4 h caused a significant increase in tau phosphorylation at the AT8 and S404 epitopes as well as an increase in APP expression and Aβ40secretion. Single intraperitoneal injections of the NMDA receptor open channel blocker MK-801 into wild-type mice reproduced all of these changes in a brain region-specific fashion either at latency 4 h or 24 h. Subchronic treatment with MK-801 for 6 weeks induced AT8, S404 and S396 immunoreactivity selectively in female mice. We conclude that the pivotal pathological alterations in Alzheimer’s disease represent runaway physiological responses to persistently insufficient excitatory neurotransmission. In view of the evidence for excitatory insufficiency in trisomy 21 patients, PS1 mutation carriers and ApoE4 carriers, our data suggest a common pathomechanism behind familial, sporadic, and risk allele-triggered Alzheimer’s disease. The potential of this mechanism to reconcile previous conflicting observations is discussed.
Phylotastic: improving access to tree-of-life knowledge with flexible, on-the-fly delivery of trees
Authors: Nguyen Van D. , Nguyen Thanh H. , Md. Tayeen Abu Saleh , Laughinghouse H. Dail , Sánchez-Reyes Luna L. , Pontelli Enrico , Mozzherin Dmitry , O’Meara Brian , Stoltzfus Arlin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract(1) A comprehensive phylogeny of species, i.e., a tree of life, has potential uses in a variety of contexts in research and education. This potential is limited if accessing the tree of life requires special knowledge, complex software, or long periods of training.(2) The Phylotastic project aims to use web-services technologies to lower the barrier for accessing phylogenetic knowledge, making it as easy to get a phylogeny of species as it is to get online driving directions. In prior work, we designed an open system of web services to validate and manage species names, find phylogeny resources, extract subtrees matching a user’s species list, calibrate them, and mash them up with images and information from online resources.(3) Here we report a publicly accessible system for on-the-fly delivery of phylogenetic knowledge, developed with user feedback on what types of functionality are considered useful by researchers and educators. The system currently consists of a web portal that implements 3 types of workflows to obtain species phylogenies (scaled by geologic time and decorated with thumbnail images); 19 underlying web services accessible via a common registry; and toolbox code in R and Python so that others can create applications that leverage these services. These resources cover most of the use-cases identified in our analysis of user needs.(4) The Phylotastic system, accessible viahttp://www.phylotastic.org, provides a unique resource to access the current state of phylogenetic knowledge, useful for a variety of cases in which a tree extracted quickly from online resources (as distinct from a tree custom-made from character data) is sufficient, as it is for many casual uses of trees identified here.
Non-driver somatic alteration burden confers good prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Dennis , Pham Nhu-An , Freeman Timothy M. , Raghavan Vibha , Navab Roya , Pasko Elena , Chang Jonathan , Zhu Chang-Qi , Ly Dalam , Tong Jiefei , Wouters Bradly G. , Pintilie Melania , Moran Michael F. , Shepherd Frances A. , Tsao Ming-Sound 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenomic profiling of patient tumors has linked somatic driver mutations to survival outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, especially for those receiving targeted therapies. However, it remains unclear whether specific non-driver mutations have any prognostic utility.MethodsWhole exomes and transcriptomes were measured from NSCLC xenograft models of patients with diverse clinical outcomes. Penalised regression analysis was performed to identify a set of 865 genes associated with patient survival. The number of somatic copy number aberrations, point mutations and associated expression changes within the 865 genes were used to stratify independent NSCLC patient populations, filtered for chemotherapy naive and early-stage. In-depth genomic analysis and functional testing was conducted on the genomic alterations to understand their effect on improving survival.ResultsHigh burden of somatic alterations are associated with longer disease-free survival (HR=0.153, P=1.48×10-4) in NSCLC patients. When somatic alterations burden was integrated with gene expression, we were able to predict prognosis in three independent patient datasets. Patients with high alteration burden could be further stratified based on the presence of immunogenic mutations, revealing another subgroup of patients with even better prognosis (85% with >5 years survival), and associated with cytotoxic T-cell expression. In addition, 95% of these 865 genes lack documented activity relevant to cancer, but are in pathways regulating cell proliferation, motility and immune response were implicated.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that non-driver somatic alterations may influence the outcome of cancer patients by increasing beneficial immune response and inhibiting processes associated to tumorigenesis.
Bacteriology and Antibiotic Prescription Patterns in a Malawian Tertiary Hospital Burns Unit
Authors: Kasenda Stephen , Mategula Donnie , Manda Geoffrey Elihu , Chokotho Tilinde Keith 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionInfections are responsible for up to 85% of deaths in patients with burn injuries. Proper management of infections in patients with burns requires knowledge of local microbial landscape and antimicrobial resistance patterns. Most burns units in low to middle income countries lack this data to guide patient management.Methods and resultsWe conducted a retrospective audit of adult (≥17 years) patient records admitted between at 1st June 2007 and May 2017 at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Burns unit in Blantyre Malawi with an index complaint of burn injury. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to determine antibiotic prescription patterns, microbial isolates and antimicrobial resistance patterns on the 500 patient files that met the inclusion criteria. Cephalosporin’s and Penicillin’s constituted 72.3% of the 328 antibiotic prescriptions given to 212 patients and 84% of all prescriptions were potentially inappropriate. A total of 102 bacterial isolates were identified and a majority (30.4%; n=31) were resistant to Aminoglycosides and Aminocyclitols (23.5%; n=24); seconded by Penicillin’s at 19.6% (n=20). Pseudomonas, staphylococcus and streptococcus species constituted 36.1%, 25% and 16.7% of all resistant bacteria that were isolated and they were thus the most common bacterial isolates. Drug resistance was more common among gram negative bacteria (48.8% versus 26.2%) and a greater proportion of patients (74.1%) that had antibiotic sensitivity testing were affected by drug resistant gram negative bacteria which appear on the World Health Organisation list of priority pathogens.ConclusionThe results of our preliminary study point towards nosocomial gram negative bacteria which appear on the World Health Organisations list of priority pathogens as the more common sources of antibiotic resistance. This scenario is potentially driven by inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions as well as clinical and laboratory diagnostic imprecision in addition to the universally recognised post burn pathophysiological changes of hypermetabolism and immunosuppression. Improvements in the areas of antimicrobial stewardship, diagnostic capacity and burns related research are needed in order to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes and resource utilisation.
Biolistic transformation of Haematococcus pluvialis with constructs based on the flanking sequences of its endogenous alpha tubulin gene
Authors: Yuan Guanhua , Zhang Wenlei , Xu Xiaoying , Zhang Wei , Cui Yulin , Liu Tianzhong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe complete sequence information of the alpha tubulin (tub) genes was obtained from both Haematococcus pluvialis NIES144 and SCCAP K0084., Putative transcriptional elements and polyadenylation signals were identified respectively in their 5’ and 3’ flanking regions. Three selection cassettes of tub/aadA, tub/hyr and tub/ble with 3 different antibiotic-resistant genes fused between the 5’ and 3’ flanking sequences of the tub gene were constructed and utilized for biolistic transformation of H.pluvialis. Antibiotic resistant transformants were obtained in the bombardments with the tub/aadA cassette in 2 strains. It was found that, the foreign tub/aadA DNA could be completely transferred and inherited in their genome through non-homologous recombination. Moreover, transcripts of the insert and spectinomycin resistance were identified. Transformation efficiencies up to 3×10-5 per μg DNA could be obtained in H.pluvialis NIES144 or SCCAP K0084 through utilization of a culture with a high percentage of flagellate cells and by optimizing bombarding protocol. The presented selection marker and optimized transforming procedures in this report should strengthen the platform technology for genetical manipulation and modification of H.pluvialis.
Open prediction of polysaccharide utilisation loci (PUL) in 5414 publicBacteroidetesgenomes using PULpy
Authors: Stewart Rob D. , Auffret Marc D. , Roehe Rainer , Watson Mick 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolysaccharide utilisation loci (PUL) are regions within bacterial genomes that encode all the necessary machinery for the cleavage of particular carbohydrates. For theBacteroidetesphylum, prediction of PUL from genomic data alone involves the identification of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) co-localised withsusCDgene pairs. Here we present the open prediction of PUL in 5414 publicBacteroidetesgenomes, and an open-source pipeline to reproduce or extend the results.
Case studies and comparison between two models for assessing library service quality
Authors: Xi Qingkui , Zhao Heng , Hu Yitao , Tong Yunjuan , Bao Ping 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThis study aims to describe case studies of two models, LibQUAL+ and a model based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), used to assess library service quality and compare the two assessment models.Design/methodology/approachFirst, an AHP-based evaluation model is set up to assess library service quality, following which the model is adapted to assess the service quality of Nanjing Agricultural University Library. Second, a modified LibQUAL+ model is created and implemented in the form of a questionnaire survey to assess the library service quality of the same library. Finally, the two assessment models are compared.FindingsThe results of the two case studies indicate that LibQUAL+ is suitable for assessing Chinese university libraries after modified, and the library AHP model is more suitable for comparing libraries in China between themselves.Originality/valueThis paper uses two methods for assessing library service quality; this should prove to be helpful for the librarians interested in assessing the service quality of Chinese university libraries.
HR localization impacts on HCNs’ work attitudes
Authors: Foroutan Taraneh , Timur Ahmet Tarik , Abubakar Abubakar Mohammed 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of localized human resource management (LHRM) on host country nationals’ (HCNs) intention to remain (ITR) and extra-role performance (ERP) through the mediating role of person-organization fit (POF).Design/methodology/approachData were gathered from 494 employees in two Chinese subsidiaries in Iran via two-stage self-administered survey and analyzed with AMOS 21.FindingsThe results show that LHRM positively affected employees’ ITR and ERP. However, there was no significant relationship between LHRM and POF and between POF and ERP.Originality/valuePrevious studies in the international human resource management literature have focused more on Western and South Asian countries. The present study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first inquiry of its kind in an Iranian context. Hence, this paper contributes to the existing knowledge by testing LHRM in two large Chinese multinational companies in Iran. Additionally, the results of this study will increase our understanding of LHRM and provide practitioners with superior insights into some practices that could elevate HCNs’ ERP and ITR.