bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trans‐cinnamic aldehyde inhibits Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans‐induced inflammation in THP‐1–derived macrophages via autophagy activation
Authors: Chung Jin , Kim Sumi , Lee Hyun Ah , Park Mi Hee , Kim Seyeon , Song Yu Ri , Na Hee Sam 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundInflammation is an essential response against bacterial infection as a host defense mechanism, which can lead to tissue damage. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is major pathogen for aggressive periodontitis characterized by rapid destruction of periodontal tissue surrounding teeth. Trans‐cinnamic aldehyde is a key bioactive compound of the cinnamon extracts, which has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, antimicrobial, and anti‐cancer properties. The objective of the present study was to investigate the anti‐inflammatory effect of trans‐cinnamic aldehyde against Aa infection in human THP‐1 derived macrophages and on Aa‐induced periodontitis in mice.MethodsTHP‐1 cells were differentiated with phorbol 12‐mystristate 13‐acetate and were infected with live Aa. Trans‐cinnamic aldehyde was pretreated 30 minutes before the bacterial infection. Cytokine production was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and protein expressions were detected by Western blot analysis. Autophagosome formation was detected by Cyto‐ID. Viable cell count was carried out to determine bacterial adhesion, internalization, and intracellular survival. Experimental periodontitis was induced by inoculating Aa orally to mice, and microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate bone loss.ResultsPretreatment of trans‐cinnamic aldehyde significantly inhibited Aa‐stimulated release of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1β. Pretreatment of trans‐cinnamic aldehyde inhibited Aa‐induced expression of TLR signaling pathway as well as the phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB. Also, trans‐cinnamic aldehyde treatment downregulated the expression of pro‐IL‐1β, caspase‐1, and inflammasome components. Trans‐cinnamic aldehyde treatment significantly decreased intracellular survival of Aa. Moreover, the autophagosome formation and the expressions of autophagy markers including Beclin‐1, ATG5, and LC3 were increased. Finally, trans‐cinnamic aldehyde significantly inhibited bone loss in Aa‐induced mouse periodontitis.ConclusionsTrans‐cinnamic aldehyde inhibited Aa‐stimulated expression of inflammatory responses and inhibited intracellular bacterial survival via autophagy activation. These results suggest that trans‐cinnamic aldehyde may serve as an anti‐inflammatory agent for aggressive periodontitis.
Association of perioperative transfusion with survival and recurrence after resection of gallbladder cancer: A 10‐institution study from the US Extrahepatic Biliary Malignancy Consortium
Authors: Lopez‐Aguiar Alexandra G. , Ethun Cecilia G. , McInnis Mia R. , Pawlik Timothy M. , Poultsides George , Tran Thuy , Idrees Kamran , Isom Chelsea A. , Fields Ryan C. , Krasnick Bradley A. , Weber Sharon M. , Salem Ahmed , Martin Robert C. G. , Scoggins Charles R. , Shen Perry , Mogal Harveshp D. , Schmidt Carl , Beal Eliza W. , Hatzaras Ioannis , Shenoy Rivfka , Cardona Kenneth , Maithel Shishir K. 
Published: May 2018

Background and ObjectivesPerioperative blood transfusion is associated with poor outcomes in several malignancies. Its effect in gallbladder cancer (GBC) is unknown.MethodsAll patients with GBC who underwent curative‐intent resection at 10‐institutions from 2000 to 2015 were included. The effect of blood transfusion on overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free (RFS) was evaluated.ResultsOf 262 patients with curative‐intent resection for GBC, 61 patients (23%) received blood transfusions. Radical cholecystectomy was the most common procedure (80%), but major hepatectomy was more frequent in the transfusion versus no‐transfusion group (13% vs 4%; P = 0.02). The transfusion group was less likely to have incidentally discovered disease (57% vs 74%) and receive adjuvant therapy (29% vs 48%), but more likely to have preoperative jaundice (23% vs 11%), T3/T4 tumors (60% vs 39%), LVI (71% vs 40%), PNI (71% vs 48%), and major complications (39% vs 12%) (all P < 0.05). Transfusion was associated with lower median OS compared to no‐transfusion (20 vs 32 mos; P < 0.001), which persisted on multivariable (MV) analysis (HR:1.9; 95%CI 1.1‐3.5; P = 0.035), controlling for comorbidities, serum albumin, INR, preoperative jaundice, major hepatectomy, incidental discovery, margin status, T‐Stage, LN status, and major complications. Median RFS of transfused patients was 13mo compared to 49mo for non‐transfused patients (P = 0.1). Transfusion, however, was an independent predictor of decreased RFS on MV analysis (HR:2.3; 95%CI 1.1‐5.1; P = 0.035).ConclusionsPerioperative blood transfusion is associated with decreased OS and RFS after resection for GCC, accounting for other adverse factors. Transfusions should thus be administered with well‐defined protocols.
Assessing ecological and social outcomes of a bear‐proofing experiment
Authors: Johnson Heather E. , Lewis David L. , Lischka Stacy A. , Breck Stewart W. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTHuman‐black bear conflicts within urban environments have been increasing throughout North America, becoming a high priority management issue. The main factor influencing these conflicts is black bears foraging on anthropogenic foods within areas of human development, primarily on residential garbage. Wildlife professionals have advocated for increased bear‐proofing measures to decrease the accessibility of garbage to bears, but little research has been conducted to empirically test the effectiveness of this approach for reducing conflicts. Between 2011 and 2016, we conducted a before‐after‐control‐impact experiment in Durango, Colorado where we distributed 1,110 bear‐resistant trash containers, enhanced education, and increased enforcement to residents in 2 treatment areas, and monitored 2 paired control areas. We examined the ecological and social outcomes of this experiment, assessing whether bear‐resistant containers were effective at reducing conflicts; the level of public compliance (i.e., properly locking away garbage) needed to reduce conflicts; whether the effectiveness of bear‐resistant containers increased over time; and if the distribution of bear‐resistant containers changed residents’ attitudes about bear management, support for ordinances that require bear‐proofing, or perceptions of their future risk of garbage‐related conflicts. After the bear‐resistant containers were deployed, trash‐related conflicts (i.e., observations of strewn trash) were 60% lower in treatment areas than control areas, resident compliance with local wildlife ordinances (properly locking away trash) was 39% higher in treatment areas than control areas, and the effectiveness of the new containers was immediate. Conflicts declined as resident compliance with wildlife ordinances increased to approximately 60% (by using a bear‐resistant container or locking trash in a secure location), with minor additional declines in conflicts at higher levels of compliance. In addition to these ecological benefits, public mail surveys demonstrated that the deployment of bear‐resistant containers was associated with increases in the perceived quality of bear management and support for ordinances that require bear‐proofing, and declines in the perceived risk of future trash‐related conflicts. Our results validate efforts by wildlife professionals and municipalities to reduce black bear access to human foods, and should encourage other entities of the merits of bear‐proofing efforts for reducing human‐bear conflicts and improving public attitudes about bears and their management. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
New Method to Determine the Effect of Surface PEGylation on Cellular Uptake Efficiency of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with AIEgens
Authors: Yuan Qian , Wang Ke , Zhang Xiaoyong , Zhang Xiqi , Wei Yen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with various surface modifications are extensively investigated for drug/gene delivery. However, it is still not quite facile to determine the accurate effects of surface modification on their cellular uptake by now. In this report, a semiquantitative method is described to evaluate the cellular internalization efficiency of PEGylated MSNs with the help of aggregation induced emission (AIE)‐active luminogen (AIEgen) and ImageJ. First, AIEgen is facilely incorporated into nanoparticles to obtain fluorescent MSNs and PEGylated MSNs with the same emission density and similar particle sizes. Then their cellular uptake efficiency in L929 cells is determined by analyzing their cellular imaging results with ImageJ, which demonstrates that more than 25% PEGylated MSNs can get into cells than MSNs after 8 h. This approach can not only be utilized for evaluating the cellular uptake efficiency of other nanoparticles but can also provide useful information for their further biomedical applications.
Virtually enhancing the real world with holograms: An exploration of expected gratifications of using augmented reality smart glasses
Authors: Rauschnabel Philipp A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntegrating virtual objects into the physical world is about to become real. Augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG), such as Microsoft HoloLens and other head‐mounted displays, allow users to augment and enhance their subjective perceptions of reality. However, extant research lacks findings to explain why people intend to use ARSGs in particular situations. To address this highly relevant research gap, this study proposes and tests a theoretical model that examines people's expected gratifications from ARSG usage. In doing so, this research enhances the understanding of ARSGs and adds novel constructs (e.g., desired enhancement of reality) to the stream of technology and media adoptance.
Quantitative analysis of thyroid tumors vascularity: A comparison between 3‐D contrast‐enhanced ultrasound and 3‐D Power Doppler on benign and malignant thyroid nodules
Authors: Caresio Cristina , Caballo Marco , Deandrea Maurilio , Garberoglio Roberto , Mormile Alberto , Rossetto Ruth , Limone Paolo , Molinari Filippo 
Published: May 2018

PurposeTo perform a comparative quantitative analysis of Power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) and Contrast‐Enhancement ultrasound (CEUS) for the quantification of thyroid nodules vascularity patterns, with the goal of identifying biomarkers correlated with the malignancy of the nodule with both imaging techniques.MethodsWe propose a novel method to reconstruct the vascular architecture from 3‐D PDUS and CEUS images of thyroid nodules, and to automatically extract seven quantitative features related to the morphology and distribution of vascular network. Features include three tortuosity metrics, the number of vascular trees and branches, the vascular volume density, and the main spatial vascularity pattern. Feature extraction was performed on 20 thyroid lesions (ten benign and ten malignant), of which we acquired both PDUS and CEUS. MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) was used to differentiate benign and malignant lesions based on the most significant features.ResultsThe analysis of the extracted features showed a significant difference between the benign and malignant nodules for both PDUS and CEUS techniques for all the features. Furthermore, by using a linear classifier on the significant features identified by the MANOVA, benign nodules could be entirely separated from the malignant ones.ConclusionsOur early results confirm the correlation between the morphology and distribution of blood vessels and the malignancy of the lesion, and also show (at least for the dataset used in this study) a considerable similarity in terms of findings of PDUS and CEUS imaging for thyroid nodules diagnosis and classification.
Interspecific Hybridization and Reproductive Biology of Marine Clownfishes, The Orange Clownfish Amphiprion percula and Clown Anemonefish A. ocellaris
Authors: Balamurugan Jeyagoby , Kathiresan Kandasamy , Meenakumari Bharathiamma 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Interspecific hybridization of Orange Clownfish Amphiprion percula (sire) and Clown Anemonefish A. ocellaris (dam) was displayed in successful pair formations within 4 months of rearing. Spawning mostly occurred at midday after a week of courtship. Incubation of eggs took 7–8 d, with the male showing the most parental care and the female sharing less time with the eggs. The hybrid embryo underwent 26 stages of cleavage to develop into a larva. The length of newly hatched hybrid larvae was significantly different from that of purebred Clown Anemonefish larvae and purebred Orange Clownfish larvae. Spawning frequency of interspecific pairs was three times in a month, similar to that of the Orange Clownfish intraspecific pair, whereas the Clown Anemonefish pair spawned two times in a month. Fecundity rate (60–370 eggs/spawn) significantly increased from the first spawn to the end of an annual cycle. Results of the present study indicate that interspecific pair formation and spawning are like those of other domesticated clownfishes. Essential reproductive parameters, such as fertilization and hatching rate, were low, but the survival rate of F1 hybrids was similar to that of other clownfishes. The precise selection of closely related species, sexual maturation, and generating pairs are essential to initiate crossbreeding technology at commercial hatcheries.
Effects of Air Exposure in Summer on the Survival of Caught-and-Released Salmonids
Authors: Roth Curtis J. , Schill Daniel J. , Quist Michael C. , High Brett 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Despite the success of catch-and-release regulations, exposing fish to air during release has emerged as a growing concern over the past two decades. We evaluated the effect of air exposure during midsummer on survival of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri, Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus, and Rainbow Trout O. mykiss exposed to catch-and-release angling. Fish were sampled by angling on Palisades Creek (August 2016), Sawmill Creek, and the Main Fork of the Little Lost River, Idaho (July−August 2017). After capture, fish were kept underwater while they were measured and individually tagged. Anglers, in groups of two to four, caught study fish and gave them an air exposure treatment of 0, 30, or 60 s. Single-pass backpack electrofishing was then used to recapture tagged fish and estimate relative survival. In total, 328 Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout were sampled (0 s: n = 110; 30 s: n = 110; 60 s: n = 108), 278 Bull Trout (0 s: n = 92; 30 s: n = 94; 60 s: n = 92), and 322 Rainbow Trout (0 s: n = 103; 30 s: n = 106; 60 s: n = 113). The majority of fish were caught using artificial flies (≥92%) and were hooked in the corner of the mouth, lower jaw, or upper jaw (≥78%) in all three species. No difference in survival was observed among air exposure treatments for all three species. Results from the present study along with those from prior field studies of air exposure times during angling suggest that mortality from exposing fish to air for ≤60 s is not likely a population-level concern in catch-and-release fisheries for these species.
Different approaches for mixed LSFEMs in hyperelasticity: Application of logarithmic deformation measures
Authors: Schwarz Alexander , Steeger Karl , Igelbüscher Maximilian , Schröder Jörg 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWe present geometrically nonlinear formulations based on a mixed least‐squares finite element method. The L2‐norm minimization of the residuals of the given first‐order system of differential equations leads to a functional, which is a two‐field formulation dependent on displacements and stresses. Based thereon, we discuss and investigate two mixed formulations. Both approaches make use of the fact that the stress symmetry condition is not fulfilled a priori due to the row‐wise stress approximation with vector‐valued functions belonging to a Raviart‐Thomas space, which guarantees a conforming discretization of H(div). In general, the advantages of using the least‐squares finite element method lie, for example, in an a posteriori error estimator without additional costs or in the fact that the choice of the polynomial interpolation order is not restricted by the Ladyzhenskaya‐Babuška‐Brezzi condition (inf‐sup condition). We apply a hyperelastic material model with logarithmic deformation measures and investigate various benchmark problems, adaptive mesh refinement, computational costs, and accuracy.
Modified Calix[4]crowns as Molecular Receptors for Barium
Authors: Steinberg Janine , Bauer David , Reissig Falco , Köckerling Martin , Pietzsch Hans‐Jürgen , Mamat Constantin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group around Dr. Constantin Mamat at the Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research at the Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf (Germany) together with Prof. Martin Köckerling from the University of Rostock (Germany). The cover picture shows the ability of special functionalized calix[4]crown‐6 derivatives to stably bind group 2 metals like barium. This binding mode is highly important for radiopharmaceutical applications not to lose the respective radiometal in vivo to avoid high background signals and/or false positive results and damages in other tissues. For this purpose, different calix[4]crowns were tested, based upon their potential to stably bind barium as surrogate for radium. Radium nuclides are known to be good candidates for usage in α‐targeted therapies. Currently, radium‐223 is used for α‐therapy of bone metastases because of its calcium mimetics. Our aim is to apply the radium to treat other cancer tissues. That's why we need novel chelators to stably fix groups 2 metals like barium and radium. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.201800019.
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has a pathway for the biosynthesis of 4‐formamido‐4,6‐dideoxy‐d‐glucose
Authors: Brown Haley A. , Vinogradov Evgeny , Gilbert Michel , Holden Hazel M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that the O‐antigens of some pathogenic bacteria such as Brucella abortus, Francisella tularensis, and Campylobacter jejuni contain quite unusual N‐formylated sugars (3‐formamido‐3,6‐dideoxy‐d‐glucose or 4‐formamido‐4,6‐dideoxy‐d‐glucose). Typically, four enzymes are required for the formation of such sugars: a thymidylyltransferase, a 4,6‐dehydratase, a pyridoxal 5'‐phosphate or PLP‐dependent aminotransferase, and an N‐formyltransferase. To date, there have been no published reports of N‐formylated sugars associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A recent investigation from our laboratories, however, has demonstrated that one gene product from M. tuberculosis, Rv3404c, functions as a sugar N‐formyltransferase. Given that M. tuberculosis produces l‐rhamnose, both a thymidylyltransferase (Rv0334) and a 4,6‐dehydratase (Rv3464) required for its formation have been identified. Thus, there is one remaining enzyme needed for the production of an N‐formylated sugar in M. tuberculosis, namely a PLP‐dependent aminotransferase. Here we demonstrate that the M. tuberculosis rv3402c gene encodes such an enzyme. Our data prove that M. tuberculosis contains all of the enzymatic activities required for the formation of dTDP‐4‐formamido‐4,6‐dideoxy‐d‐glucose. Indeed, the rv3402c gene product likely contributes to virulence or persistence during infection, though its temporal expression and location remain to be determined.
ETS2 is a prostate basal cell marker and is highly expressed in prostate cancers aberrantly expressing p63
Authors: Torres Alba , Alshalalfa Mohammed , Davicioni Elai , Gupta Anuj , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Wheelan Sarah J. , Epstein Jonathan I. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Lotan Tamara L. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundRare prostate carcinomas aberrantly express p63 and have an immunophenotype intermediate between basal and luminal cells. Here, we performed gene expression profiling on p63‐expressing prostatic carcinomas and compared them to usual‐type adenocarcinoma. We identify ETS2 as highly expressed in p63‐expressing prostatic carcinomas and benign prostate basal cells, with lower expression in luminal cells and primary usual‐type adenocarcinomas.MethodsA total of 8 p63‐expressing prostate carcinomas at radical prostatectomy were compared to 358 usual‐type adenocarcinomas by gene expression profiling performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissue using Affymetrix 1.0 ST microarrays. Correlation between differentially expressed genes and TP63 expression was performed in 5239 prostate adenocarcinomas available in the Decipher GRID. For validation, ETS2 in situ hybridization was performed on 19 p63‐expressing prostate carcinomas and 30 usual‐type adenocarcinomas arrayed on tissue microarrays (TMA).ResultsBy gene expression, p63‐expressing prostate carcinomas showed low cell cycle activity and low Decipher prognostic scores, but were predicted to have high Gleason grade compared to usual‐type adenocarcinomas by gene expression signatures and morphology. Among the genes over‐expressed in p63‐expressing carcinoma relative to usual‐type adenocarcinoma were known p63‐regulated genes, along with ETS2, an ETS family member previously implicated as a prostate cancer tumor suppressor gene. Across several cohorts of prostate samples, ETS2 gene expression was correlated with TP63 expression and was significantly higher in benign prostate compared to usual‐type adenocarcinoma. By in situ hybridization, ETS2 gene expression was high in benign basal cells, and low to undetectable in benign luminal cells or usual‐type adenocarcinoma. In contrast, ETS2 was highly expressed in 95% (18/19) of p63‐expressing prostate carcinomas.ConclusionsETS2 is a predominantly basally‐expressed gene in the prostate, with low expression in usual‐type adenocarcinoma and high expression in p63‐expressing carcinomas. Given this pattern, the significance of ETS2 loss by deletion or mutation in usual‐type adenocarcinomas is uncertain.
Design and Performance Evaluation of Real‐time Endovascular Interventional Surgical Robotic System with High Accuracy
Authors: Wang Kundong , Chen Bing , Lu Qingsheng , Li Hongbing , Liu Manhua , Shen Yu , Xu Zhuoyan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundEndovascular interventional surgery (EIS) is performed under a high radiation environment at the sacrifice of surgeons' health. This paper introduces a novel endovascular interventional surgical robot that aims to reduce radiation to surgeons and physical stress imposed by lead aprons during fluoroscopic X‐ray guided catheter intervention.MethodsThe unique mechanical structure allowed the surgeon to manipulate the axial and radial motion of the catheter and guide wire. Four catheter manipulators (to manipulate the catheter and guide wire), and a control console which consists of four joysticks, several buttons and two twist switches (to control the catheter manipulators) were presented. The entire robotic system was established on a master–slave control structure through CAN (Controller Area Network) bus communication, meanwhile, the slave side of this robotic system showed highly accurate control over velocity and displacement with PID controlling method.ResultsThe robotic system was tested and passed in vitro and animal experiments. Through functionality evaluation, the manipulators were able to complete interventional surgical motion both independently and cooperatively. The robotic surgery was performed successfully in an adult female pig and demonstrated the feasibility of superior mesenteric and common iliac artery stent implantation. The entire robotic system met the clinical requirements of EIS.ConclusionThe results show that the system has the ability to imitate the movements of surgeons and to accomplish the axial and radial motions with consistency and high‐accuracy.