bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRMT1 Plays a Critical Role in Th17 Differentiation by Regulating Reciprocal Recruitment of STAT3 and STAT5
Authors: Sen Subha , He Zhiheng , Ghosh Shubhamoy , Dery Kenneth J. , Yang Lu , Zhang Jing , Sun Zuoming 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Th17 cells are a class of Th cells that secrete IL-17 and mediate pathogenic immunity responsible for autoimmunity including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a murine model of multiple sclerosis. Retinoic acid–related orphan receptor γ t (RORγt) is the critical transcription factor that controls the differentiation of Th17 cells. However, little is known about the transcriptional cofactors for RORγt in the regulation of Th17 differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate that protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) associates with RORγt and regulates mouse Th17 differentiation. Overexpression of PRMT1 promoted Th17 differentiation, whereas inactivation or knockdown of PRMT1 decreased Th17 differentiation while expanding Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of PRMT1 impaired the generation of Th17 cells and prevented induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Mechanistically, PRMT1-dependent modification of asymmetric histone 4 arginine 3 dimethylation is required to stabilize the stimulatory STAT3 to displace the inhibitory STAT5 at IL-17 locus, resulting in the activation of IL-17 gene. Furthermore, PRMT1-facilitated recruitment of STAT3 overcame the inhibition of Th17 differentiation exerted by IL-2–induced STAT5 activation. PRMT1 thus regulates Th17 differentiation by controlling the reciprocal recruitment of STAT3 and STAT5. Our study thus reveals PRMT1 as a novel target for alleviating Th17-mediated autoimmunity by decreasing RORγt-dependent generation of pathogenic Th17 cells.
Naturally Occurring Missense MRGPRX2 Variants Display Loss of Function Phenotype for Mast Cell Degranulation in Response to Substance P, Hemokinin-1, Human β-Defensin-3, and Icatibant
Authors: Alkanfari Ibrahim , Gupta Kshitij , Jahan Tahsin , Ali Hydar 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Human mast cells (MCs) express a novel G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) known as Mas-related GPCR X2 (MRGPRX2). Activation of this receptor by a diverse group of cationic ligands such as neuropeptides, host defense peptides, and Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases and pseudoallergic drug reactions. For most GPCRs, the extracellular (ECL) domains and their associated transmembrane (TM) domains display the greatest structural diversity and are responsible for binding different ligands. The goal of the current study was to determine if naturally occurring missense variants within MRGPRX2’s ECL/TM domains contribute to gain or loss of function phenotype for MC degranulation in response to neuropeptides (substance P and hemokinin-1), a host defense peptide (human β-defensin-3) and a Food and Drug Administration–approved cationic drug (bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, icatibant). We have identified eight missense variants within MRGPRX2’s ECL/TM domains from publicly available exome-sequencing databases. We investigated the ability of MRGPRX2 ligands to induce degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia–2H3 cells individually expressing these naturally occurring MRGPRX2 missense variants. Using stable and transient transfections, we found that all variants express in rat basophilic leukemia cells. However, four natural MRGPRX2 variants, G165E (rs141744602), D184H (rs372988289), W243R (rs150365137), and H259Y (rs140862085) failed to respond to any of the ligands tested. Thus, diverse MRGPRX2 ligands use common sites on the receptor to induce MC degranulation. These findings have important clinical implications for MRGPRX2 and MC-mediated pseudoallergy and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Calibration of tri-axial MEMS accelerometers in the low-frequency range – Part 2: Uncertainty assessment
Authors: D'Emilia Giulio , Gaspari Antonella , Mazzoleni Fabrizio , Natale Emanuela , Schiavi Alessandro 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. A comparison among three methods for the calibration of tri-axial
accelerometers, in particular MEMS, is presented in this paper, paying
attention to the uncertainty assessment of each method. The first method is
performed according to the ISO 16063 standards. Two innovative methods are
analysed, both suitable for in-field application. The effects on the whole
uncertainty of the following aspects have been evaluated: the test bench
performances in realizing the reference motion, the vibration reference
sensor, the geometrical parameters and the data processing techniques. The
uncertainty contributions due to the offset and the transverse sensitivity
are also studied, by calibrating two different types of accelerometers, a
piezoelectric one and a capacitive one, to check their effect on the accuracy
of the methods under comparison. The reproducibility of methods is
demonstrated. Relative uncertainty of methods ranges from 3 to 5 %,
depending on the complexity of the model and of the requested operations. The
results appear promising for low-cost calibration of new tri-axial
accelerometers of MEMS type.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in urban soils of an Eastern European megalopolis: distribution, source identification and cancer risk evaluation
Authors: Shamilishvily George , Abakumov Evgeny , Gabov Dmitriy 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This study explores qualitative and quantitative composition of 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils of some parkland, residential and industrial areas of the large industrial centre of Saint Petersburg (Russian Federation) in Eastern Europe. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis on the PAH loading differences among urban territories with different land use scenarios. Benzo(a)pyrene toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) were used to calculate BaPeq in order to evaluate carcinogenic risk of soil contamination with PAHs. Results of the study demonstrated that soils within residential and industrial areas are characterized by common loads of PAHs generally attributed to high traffic activity in the city. Considerable levels of soil contamination with PAHs were noted. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.33 to 8.10 mg kg−1. A larger portion of high-molecular-weight PAHs along with determined molecular ratios suggest the predominance of pyrogenic sources, mainly attributed to combustion of gasoline, diesel and oil. Petrogenic sources of PAHs have a significant portion and define the predominance of low-molecular-weight PAHs associated with petroleum, such as phenanthrene. Derived concentrations of seven carcinogenic PAHs as well as calculated BaPeq were multiple times higher than reported in a number of other studies. The obtained BaPeq concentrations of the sum of 15 PAHs ranged from 0.05 to 1.39 mg kg−1. A vast majority of examined samples showed concentrations above the safe value of 0.6 mg kg−1 (CCME, 2010). However, estimated incremental lifetime risks posed to the population through distinct routes of exposure were in an acceptable range. One-way ANOVA results showed significant differences in total PAHs and the sum of seven carcinogenic PAH concentrations as well as in levels of FLU, PHE, FLT, PYR, BaA, CHR, BbF, BaP and BPE among parkland, residential and industrial land uses, suggesting the influence of the land use factor.
Deriving micro- to macro-scale seismic velocities from ice-core c axis orientations
Authors: Kerch Johanna , Diez Anja , Weikusat Ilka , Eisen Olaf 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. One of the great challenges in glaciology is the ability to estimate the bulk ice anisotropy in ice sheets and glaciers, which is needed to improve our understanding of ice-sheet dynamics. We investigate the effect of crystal anisotropy on seismic velocities in glacier ice and revisit the framework which is based on fabric eigenvalues to derive approximate seismic velocities by exploiting the assumed symmetry. In contrast to previous studies, we calculate the seismic velocities using the exact c axis angles describing the orientations of the crystal ensemble in an ice-core sample. We apply this approach to fabric data sets from an alpine and a polar ice core. Our results provide a quantitative evaluation of the earlier approximative eigenvalue framework. For near-vertical incidence our results differ by up to 135 m s−1 for P-wave and 200 m s−1 for S-wave velocity compared to the earlier framework (estimated 1 % difference in average P-wave velocity at the bedrock for the short alpine ice core). We quantify the influence of shear-wave splitting at the bedrock as 45 m s−1 for the alpine ice core and 59 m s−1 for the polar ice core. At non-vertical incidence we obtain differences of up to 185 m s−1 for P-wave and 280 m s−1 for S-wave velocities. Additionally, our findings highlight the variation in seismic velocity at non-vertical incidence as a function of the horizontal azimuth of the seismic plane, which can be significant for non-symmetric orientation distributions and results in a strong azimuth-dependent shear-wave splitting of max. 281 m s−1 at some depths. For a given incidence angle and depth we estimated changes in phase velocity of almost 200 m s−1 for P wave and more than 200 m s−1 for S wave and shear-wave splitting under a rotating seismic plane. We assess for the first time the change in seismic anisotropy that can be expected on a short spatial (vertical) scale in a glacier due to strong variability in crystal-orientation fabric (±50 m s−1 per 10 cm). Our investigation of seismic anisotropy based on ice-core data contributes to advancing the interpretation of seismic data, with respect to extracting bulk information about crystal anisotropy, without having to drill an ice core and with special regard to future applications employing ultrasonic sounding.
ESTUDOS SOBRE A HISTORIOGRAFIA DA ARQUEOLOGIA MAIA
Authors: Akiyama Eduardo Teixeira 
Published: May 2018

O texto aqui apresentado é fruto de minha iniciação científica orientada pelos professores Doutores Pedro Paulo Abreu Funari e Alexandre Guida Navarro e financiada pela CNPq, edital n° 01/2007, que vigorou de 01/10/2009 a 31/07/2010. O que buscaremos abaixo é uma análise arqueológica sobre os maias. Partiremos do chamado "modelo tradicional" de análise desta civilização, em voga dos anos 1930 aos 1970, aproximadamente, e da revisão desse modelo, que se fez de então. Passaremos por importantes aspectos - como o urbanismo, a guerra, o governo como teocracia ou Estado laico e a religião - buscando compreender a construção de padrões e de modelos a partir dos escritos dos maiores expoentes dessas duas correntes arqueológicas. Ressalto que a pesquisa não teve o intuito de refutar nenhuma das obras, mas expor os méritos e as limitações dos diferentes períodos, tais quais as tecnologias, os métodos arqueológicos e até as ideologias que influenciaram cada pesquisador.
NOTAS SOBRE O NEONAZISMO NO SITE EXTREME VIOLENT RACISM
Authors: Oliveira Pedro Carvalho 
Published: May 2018

O trabalho busca compreender como o fascismo vem ressurgindo no tempo presente e como este discurso extremista tem sido difundido atualmente, assim como observar de que maneira os grupos voltados para estas ideias se apropriam da Internet para expor propagandas violentas contra os opositores deste pensamento. Para tanto, analisaremos o site norte-americano Extreme Violent Racism (http://www.whitehonor.com/), que em suas páginas utilizam de apelos de todos os tipos para angariar adeptos tentando convencê-los da necessidade de tornarem-se nacional-socialistas.
Tegenstrijdig belang bij intragroepsfinanciering; foutje, bedankt!
Authors: Devilee J.E. , Nijland J. 
Published: May 2018

Tegenstrijdig belang bij intragroepsfinanciering; foutje, bedankt! Hoe een juridische imperfectie standhield bij de Hoge Raad
In dit artikel wordt de zaak Ubbens q.q./X besproken, waarin de oude tegenstrijdigbelangregeling werd toegepast. Aangezien deze uitspraak ook voor de invulling van de huidige tegenstrijdigbelangregeling betekenis heeft bij het beoordelen van de positie van natuurlijke personen die een vennootschap in groepsverband vertegenwoordigen, onderzoeken de auteurs de discrepantie tussen de conclusie van de A-G en de motivering van de Hoge Raad, en zetten zij de uitspraak nader uiteen.
Física para a mente DOI 10.5752/P.2316-9451.2012v1n1p75
Authors: Vertchenko Lev 
Published: May 2018

Propõe-se que uma discussão atualizada da relação entre o cérebro e a mente necessita incorporar uma quantidade substancial de elementos da Física. Dentro desta perspectiva, é apresentada uma seleção comentada de tópicos que constitui a disciplina “Física para a mente” do curso de licenciatura em Física da PUC Minas. Neles são discutidos os 4 pontos de vista de Johnson-Laird para a mente, o suporte energético da informação, a sinalização neuronal, as técnicas de imageamento e a fisiologia cerebral, a forma como o cérebro lida com o tempo, a relação entre a Mecânica Quântica e mente e a questão do cérebro ser ou não um computador. Pode-se constatar que esta seleção releva o possível papel da Física Quântica para o entendimento dos fenômenos mentais.
The Impact of Disruption of the Care Delivery System by Commercial Laboratory Testing in a Children's Health Care System
Authors: Rogers Beverly B. , Adams James L. , Carter Alexis B. , Uwindatwa Francine , Brawley Cynthia B. , Cochran; Charles G. , Bryan Leah N. , Weinzierl Elizabeth P. , Prahalad Sampath 
Published: May 2018

Context.—
Disruption of outpatient laboratory services by routing the samples to commercial reference laboratories may seem like a cost-saving measure by the payers, but results in hidden costs in quality and resources to support this paradigm.

Objective.—
To identify differences when outpatient tests are performed at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (Children's) Hospital lab compared to a commercial reference lab, and the financial costs to support the reference laboratory testing.

Design.—
Outpatient testing was sent to 3 different laboratories specified by the payer. Orders were placed in the Children's electronic health record, blood samples were drawn by the Children's phlebotomists, samples were sent to the testing laboratory, and results appeared in the electronic health record. Data comparing the time to result, cancelled samples, and cost to sustain the system of ordering and reporting were drawn from multiple sources, both electronic and manual.

Results.—
The median time from phlebotomy to result was 0.7 hours for testing at the Children's lab and 20.72 hours for the commercial lab. The median time from result posting to caregiver acknowledgment was 5.4 hours for the Children's lab and 18 hours for the commercial lab. The commercial lab cancelled 2.7% of the tests; the Children's lab cancelled 0.8%. The financial cost to support online ordering and reporting for testing performed at commercial labs was approximately $640,000 per year.

Conclusions.—
Tangible monetary costs, plus intangible costs related to delayed results, occur when the laboratory testing system is disrupted.
Estrategias de afrontamiento y personalidad en la adaptación de jóvenes a su práctica deportiva. Diferencias de género
Authors: González J. , Martínez Sandoval J. 
Published: May 2018

El propósito de este estudio transversal, es el de establecer indicadores de las estrategias de afrontamiento en una muestra de jóvenes, estableciendo diferencias por género, relacionadas tanto por curso escolar como por práctica de actividad física de forma regular. La muestra está compuesta por jóvenes (N=119) con edades comprendidas entre 11 y 19 años, administrando cuestionarios de medida de la personalidad (NEO-FFI) y estrategias de afrontamiento (CSI). Los resultados muestran que los chicos presentan una media superior tanto en el manejo adecuado como en el manejo inadecuado de estrategias de afrontamiento, que las chicas. Además, puntúan más alto en las estrategias de afrontamiento de autocrítica; apoyo social, reestructuración cognitiva, evitación de problemas y retirada social, mientras que las chicas puntúan más alto en resolución de problemas, pensamiento desiderativo y expresión emocional.
The Ethics of Reconciling: Learning from Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Authors: Snyder Emily 
Published: May 2018

In 2008, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) was initiated to address the historical and contemporary injustices and impacts of Indian Residential Schools. Of the many goals of the TRC, I focus on reconciliation and how the TRC aims to promote this through public education and engagement. To explore this, I consider two questions:
Ethical queries arise which speak to broader concerns about the TRC’s capability to fulfill its public education goals. I raise several concerns about whether the TRC’s plan to convoke the collective will result in over-simplifying the process by relying on blunt, poorly defined identity categories that erase the heterogeneity of those residing in Canada, as well as the complexity of the conflict among us. I attempt to situate myself in-between proclamations of “success” or “failure” of the TRC, to better understand what can be learned from contested truths and experiences of uncertainty.
Consommation responsable et perception de produits : au-delà de l’environnement
Authors: Marchand Anne 
Published: May 2018

Cet article présente et discute certains résultats spécifiques provenant d’une étude plus large qui visait à explorer le rapport qu’entretiennent les consommateurs responsables aux biens de consommation. Sur la base de données empiriques collectées auprès de citoyens qui se sont tournés vers des modes de consommation à moindres impacts écologiques, il a été remarqué que l’adoption d’habitudes de « consommation durable » n’est pas seulement motivée par des considérations altruistes et environnementales, mais également par des bénéfices personnels et/ou familiaux perçus, incluant une augmentation attendue du bien-être. Ces dernières motivations, ainsi que la manière avec laquelle elles s’expriment à travers des préférences pour certaines caractéristiques que présentent des produits de consommation, sont exposées. Tout en reconnaissant les dangers que peuvent représenter la définition et la valorisation d’une approche de la consommation responsable qui se limite aux profits et intérêts individuels, l’article suggère que la compréhension de tels motifs, et leurs implications pour la manière dont les produits et services sont conçus et positionnés, demande à être davantage explorés et compris en vue de, potentiellement, supporter un avenir davantage durable.
Préférences décisives et précarité
Authors: Bourdeau Vincent 
Published: May 2018

Cet article se penche sur le rapport de la conception républicaine de la liberté comme non-domination défendue par P. Pettit avec la conception de la liberté comme capabilité proposée par A. Sen. L’usage que fait Pettit de la conception défendue par Sen lui permet d’avancer une conception plus réaliste des préférences des individus en contexte social. Cette définition des « préférences décisives » guide toute sa démonstration de la compatibilité de la liberté comme capabilité avec la théorie néorépublicaine. Elle lui permet en outre de donner une valeur particulière à l’objectif social de lutte contre la précarité, précarité comprise comme situation dans laquelle un individu est placé sous la dépendance arbitraire d’un autre en l’empêchant de se mouvoir à sa guise dans le jeu social. Nous examinons les enjeux de cette articulation à la lumière de la réponse critique qui a été formulée par Sen à l’effet que la conception néorépublicaine limitait trop la pluralité sociale de la liberté. Enfin, nous esquissons une manière de réconcilier l’approche par les capabilités avec la conception républicaine.
Évaluation des écosystèmes en début de millénaire : conclusions et retombées
Authors: Mulongoy Kalemani Jo , Cung Annie 
Published: May 2018

L’évaluation des écosystèmes est l’un des pivots essentiels pour l’élaboration de moyens adaptés permettant de lutter contre la diminution massive de la biodiversité. Pour la première fois, elle a fait l’objet d’une analyse à l’échelle mondiale dans le cadre de l’Evaluation des écosystèmes en début de millénaire (EM). Le rassemblement de plus d’un millier de chercheurs et de plusieurs organismes internationaux durant quatre années ont permis de dessiner la carte nécessaire à toute action efficace. L’article expose les éléments principaux de l’EM : l’évaluation des écosystèmes en tant que tels, mais surtout des services écosystémiques, dans toutes leurs dimensions, en ce que leur évolution affecte le bien-être humain. Il analyse ensuite les quatre points principaux de l’apport de l’EM, des avantages de l’utilisation croissante des services écologiques à sa non viabilité. Des scénarios, modèles et outils sont proposés pour inverser la courbe négative d’appauvrissement de la biodiversité et des services écosystémiques dans un premier bilan des retombées de l’EM.
Les recherches cliniques Nord/Sud : des recherches équitables?
Authors: Saoud Fahimy 
Published: May 2018

Le but de cet article est de revoir les principaux règlements, scandales et questions posés par les recherches cliniques Nord/Sud à la lumière de 2 principes fondamentaux d’éthique de la recherche : ceux de l’autonomie et de la justice.Aujourd’hui, le débat sur les standards de soins à appliquer dans le cadre des recherches cliniques exportées du Nord vers le Sud, alimente la discussion. Par ailleurs, le paragraphe 30 de la Déclaration d’Helsinki, version 2000, fait l’objet de différentes propositions d’amendement. Il stipule que « tous les patients ayant participé à une étude doivent être assurés de bénéficier à son terme des moyens diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et de prévention dont l’étude aura démontré la supériorité ». Une note explicative y a été ajoutée par l’Association Médicale Mondiale (AMM) en 2004 : les sujets d’étude bénéficieront dans la mesure du possible, des avantages qui en découleraient et qu’ils auraient accès à toute thérapie possible disponible. Pour certains, cela a affaibli le sens de justice que ce paragraphe amenait aux recherches. Plusieurs sont en quête d’un moyen pour établir plus d’équité dans les recherches médicales Nord/Sud. L’un des principes du Commerce équitable est de vendre les produits à un prix plus juste, fixé après dialogue et discussion avec les communautés régionales et locales. Peut-on trouver dans le modèle du commerce équitable des idées applicables aux recherches cliniques Nord/Sud ?