bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing an Internet‐based Decision Aid in Ethnically Diverse Prenatal Care Settings: Reducing Disparities through Shared Decision Making about Birth after Cesarean
Authors: Shorten Allison , Shorten Brett , Fagerlin Angela , Illuzzi Jessica , Kennedy Holly Powell , Pettker Christian , Raju Dheeraj , Whittemore Robin 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionDecision aids have been recommended for value‐sensitive health care decisions such as mode of birth after previous cesarean. However, effective strategies for widespread clinical implementation of decision aids, to reduce disparities and improve shared decision‐making experiences, are currently lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of implementing an interactive internet‐based decision aid to support women making shared decisions about birth after previous cesarean in urban and racially and ethnically diverse outpatient clinic settings.MethodsA before‐and‐after study design was used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of implementing an internet‐based decision aid designed to prepare women and providers for shared decision making about birth after cesarean. Changes in women's knowledge about their birth options and levels of decisional conflict about mode of birth were measured before and after access to the decision aid. Preferences for mode of birth and actual birth outcomes were compared to assess alignment with birth mode choice. Women who indicated they used the decision aid during pregnancy provided ratings on acceptability of content, features, and functions.ResultsParticipants included 68 pregnant women (mean age 29.3 years) from ethno‐racially diverse backgrounds (black, 46.2%; Hispanic, 35.4%; white, 13.8%; Asian or other, 4.6%) who were eligible to choose between planned vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) and planned repeat cesarean. Knowledge of birth options scores increased by 2.58 points out of 15 (P < .001, d = 0.87) and decisional conflict scores reduced by 0.45 points out of 5 points (P < .001, d = 0.69). Forty‐four women (65.9%) attempted VBAC, of whom, 29 (65.7%) succeeded. Participants who used the decision aid during pregnancy rated its content, features, and functions as good or excellent and indicated they would recommend the decision aid to other women.DiscussionIt is potentially feasible to implement interactive internet‐based decision aids within ethnically and racially diverse prenatal care settings to address disparities in decision preparation. Strategies to improve timely decision aid access and promote consistent utilization of decision support for all women are needed. Seamless integration into workflow, including use of the electronic health record, is an important next step for future dissemination and implementation research.
Proteomics of neurodegenerative diseases: analysis of human post‐mortem brain
Authors: Li K. W. , Ganz Andrea B. , Smit August B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDementias are prevalent brain disorders in the aged population. Dementias pose major socio‐medical burden, but currently there is no cure available. Novel proteomics approaches hold promise to identify alterations of the brain proteome that could provide clues on disease etiology, and identify candidate proteins to develop further as a biomarker. In this review, we focus on recent proteomics findings from brains affected with Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson Disease Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. These studies confirmed known cellular changes, and in addition identified novel proteins that may underlie distinct aspects of the diseases.
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This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
Reduced expression of the ferroptosis inhibitor glutathione peroxidase‐4 in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Hu Che‐Lin , Nydes Mara , Shanley Kara L. , Morales Pantoja Itzy E. , Howard Tamara A. , Bizzozero Oscar A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGlutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is the only enzyme capable of reducing toxic lipid hydroperoxides in biological membranes to the corresponding alcohols using glutathione as the electron donor. GPx4 is the major inhibitor of ferroptosis, a non‐apoptotic and iron‐dependent programmed cell death pathway, which has been shown to occur in various neurological disorders with severe oxidative stress. In this study, we investigate whether GPx4 expression is altered in multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The results clearly show that mRNA expression for all three GPx4 isoforms (cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and nuclear) decline in multiple sclerosis gray matter and in the spinal cord of MOG35–55 peptide‐induced EAE. The amount of GPx4 protein is also reduced in EAE, albeit not in all cells. Neuronal GPx4 immunostaining, mostly cytoplasmic, is lower in EAE spinal cords than in control spinal cords, while oligodendrocyte GPx4 immunostaining, mainly nuclear, is unaltered. Neither control nor EAE astrocytes and microglia cells show GPx4 labeling. In addition to GPx4, two other negative modulators of ferroptosis (γ‐glutamylcysteine ligase and cysteine/glutamate antiporter), which are critical to maintain physiological levels of glutathione, are diminished in EAE. The decrease in the ability to eliminate hydroperoxides was also evidenced by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and the reduction in the proportion of the docosahexaenoic acid in non‐myelin lipids. These findings, along with presence of abnormal neuronal mitochondria morphology, which includes an irregular matrix, disrupted outer membrane and reduced/absent cristae, are consistent with the occurrence of ferroptotic damage in inflammatory demyelinating disorders.
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Use of a novel 589‐nm solid‐state laser for treatment of facial erythema
Authors: Cohen Diana K. , Gonzalez Noelani E. , Bloom Bradly S. , Goldberg David J. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety associated with use of a 589‐nm solid‐state laser for treatment of facial erythema.MethodsA prospective, IRB‐approved study was conducted. Participants who were interested in treatment for facial erythema were recruited. They received four monthly treatments with the 589‐nm laser. Erythema of the right and left face was graded on a scale of 0‐4, 4 being most severe, by both investigators and participants prior to each treatment and at follow‐up. Safety was assessed by any reported side effects.ResultsTwenty‐four participants enrolled in the study, 16 women (67%) and 8 men (33%), with an average age of 51.1 years. Investigator grades showed a statistically significant improvement in erythema of 31% for both the right and left face. Participant grades showed a statistically significant improvement in erythema of 23.2% for the right face and 22.8% for the left face. Side effects were limited to transient erythema posttreatment.ConclusionA 589‐nm solid‐state laser achieved a modest improvement in facial erythema when evaluating results 1 month after four monthly treatments. No major safety issues were reported.
Phytochemical screening and antityrosinase activity of carvacrol, thymoquinone, and four essential oils of Lebanese plants
Authors: El Khoury Rindala , Michael Jubeli Rime , El Beyrouthy Marc , Baillet Guffroy Arlette , Rizk Toufic , Tfayli Ali , Lteif Roger 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveIn our study, we aim to explore the ability of four essential oils (EO) of Lebanese plants to inhibit the tyrosinase activity and to correlate their efficiency level to their phytochemical compositions.MethodsThe EO have been extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus and have been studied by GC‐MS analysis. Active compounds of Origanum species were identified and antityrosinase activities of EO and active molecules (carvacrol and thymoquinone) have been tested in tubo.ResultsAntityrosinase activities were obtained as follows: EO of Origanum syriacum (80.41% ± 2.00%), EO of Origanum ehrenbergii (45.33% ± 2.20%), EO of Salvia fruticosa (14.62% ± 2.30%), EO of Calamintha origanifolia (16.51% ± 5.80%), Carvacrol (56.55% ± 3.10%), and Thymoquinone (19.49% ± 1.50%).ConclusionOriganum essential oils resulted in the highest antityrosinase activity due to their high content in carvacrol. However, when present together with carvacrol, thymoquinone decreases the efficiency of carvacrol, which is the case of O. ehrenbergii essential oil. Thus, for improved antityrosinase activity, O. syriacum and O. ehrenbergii should be harvested during flowering stage where carvacrol is present at its highest dosage and thymoquinone at its lowest.
Impact of face proportions on face attractiveness
Authors: Przylipiak Mateusz , Przylipiak Jerzy , Terlikowski Robert , Lubowicka Emilia , Chrostek Lech , Przylipiak Andrzej 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundProportions of face components appear to play a role in facial attractiveness.AimsThe aim of the study was to establish the best proportions of face components in relation to whole face shape for facial attractiveness.MethodsOnly one face component (eye, nose, or lips) of a model in a series of photographs was altered using a computer program. Alterations consisted of size reduction or augmentation by 5% or 10%. Each photograph depicted a particular face component altered to either 90%, 95%, 100%, 105%, or 110% of its original size. Collages of photographs were shown to 167 individuals (male and female) for a fixed period of 7 seconds. Their task was to indicate the most attractive photograph of a model in a presented collage.ResultsIn total, 48.1% of individuals preferred enhanced eyes both in males and females. We found that the preferred mean eye size in women was statistically significantly higher than that in men. In total, 64.8% of respondents preferred reduced nose proportions in women (27.5% found a reduction to 90% of the original size more attractive while 37.3% preferred a reduction to 95%). It was demonstrated that the preferred mean nose size was statistically significantly lower in females in comparison with males. Respondents expressed a greater preference for nose reduction in women in comparison with men. 38.4% of respondents (in regard to both male and female mouth) preferred reduced mouth. 40.7% of respondents preferred reduced mouth in the female model.ConclusionsOur work delivers statistically significant evidence that facial attractiveness increases together with the enlargement of the uncovered eye surface as well as the reduction in nose and lip size. Data were obtained using modern collective intelligence methods of validation.Written consent was obtained from all study participants.
Clinical evaluation of the lightening effect of cytidine on hyperpigmented skin
Authors: Baswan Sudhir M. , Leverett Jesse , Pawelek John 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundMelanocytes, which reside in the basal layer of the epidermis, produce the pigment melanin in cytoplasmic organelles known as melanosomes. Melanosomes are transferred to keratinocytes which provide the color in our skin. Recently, Diwakar et al reported the crucial roles of protein glycosylation in both melanogenesis and melanosome transfer to keratinocytes, and each was inhibited by the nucleotide cytidine.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to determine the clinical effects of topical application of cytidine to the hyperpigmented regions of the face in a group of human volunteers.MethodsA randomized, vehicle‐controlled study was conducted for 12 weeks on healthy Korean female subjects. Cytidine was formulated into the lotion at concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 4% (w/w) and compared to the vehicle control formulation. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by performing visual assessment grading, measuring melanin index, skin brightness, and skin color parameters. In vitro skin penetration studies were conducted using Franz cell chambers for the 2% cytidine test formulation.ResultsThe test group showed significant improvements in the visual assessment scores, melanin index, skin brightness, and skin color compared to the control group. Although significant dose‐dependent improvements were seen in the clinical study, the in vitro Franz cell studies indicated that the clinical efficacy and potency of cytidine might be further enhanced by formulating a better topical delivery system, which will be the goal of our future studies.ConclusionsThis randomized, double‐blind, 12‐week clinical study successfully demonstrated the efficacy of cytidine on skin depigmentation in a dose‐dependent manner.
Transabdominal selective feticide in dichorionic twins: Ten years’ experience at a single center
Authors: Kim Mi Sun , Na Eun Duc , Kang Sukho , Shin So Yeon , Lim Bo Bae , Kim Hounyoung , Moon Myoung Jin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe present study investigates the procedure‐related fetal loss rate and obstetrical outcomes of selective feticide in dichorionic twins.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 44 cases of dichorionic twins. Two different indications for selective feticide were set: (i) the presence of genetic or congenital anomaly; and (ii) an obstetrical indication specified as a past maternal history of preterm delivery that caused fetal death or cerebral palsy of the child. Primarily, data on procedure‐related fetal loss and obstetrical outcomes were retrieved. Additionally, data on obstetrical outcomes by reduction time and by indication of SF were obtained.ResultsSelective feticide was performed in 44 cases – specifically, in 23 cases with genetic or congenital anomaly and in 21 cases with obstetrical indications. The median gestational age at delivery was 38 + 4 weeks. One pregnancy loss (2.3%, 1/44) occurred within 4 weeks after the procedure. The overall pregnancy loss rate throughout the pregnancy term was 2.3% (1/44). When selective feticide was performed at 15 weeks and beyond, the birth weight was significantly decreased compared with when selective feticide was performed earlier than 15 weeks.ConclusionTransabdominal ultrasound‐guided selective feticide in dichorionic twins is an effective and safe procedure. If a patient desires to maximize her chances of having a healthy child and decrease the risk of prematurity, the option of selective feticide should be considered in certain cases of twin pregnancies. Selective feticide may be a reasonable alternative to expectant management or termination of the whole twin pregnancy.
Primary hyperparathyroidism: should surgery be performed on all patients? Current evidence and residual uncertainties
Authors: Nilsson I.‐L 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrimary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is the third most common endocrine disease and is characterized by hypercalcaemia and elevated or inappropriately ‘normal’ levels of the parathyroid hormone (PTH). The main target organs of PTH are the skeletal system and the kidneys. Before the 1970s, pHPT was a rarely detected disease associated with notable morbidity and premature mortality. Introduction of biochemical screening, allowing for a wide range of indications, has contributed to the detection of the full spectrum of the disease. A new entity with an isolated elevation of PTH, normocalcaemic HP, has emerged and is currently being explored. The highest incidence of pHPT, 3–5%, is observed amongst women, and the prevalence increases with age. The female‐to‐male ratio is 3–4 : 1 except in younger patients where distribution is equal and known hereditary causes account for approximately 10% of the cases. In the last few decades, it has become evident that fewer patients than previously believed are truly asymptomatic. The cause of pHPT is often a benign tumour, a parathyroid adenoma, and the only definite treatment is parathyroidectomy (PTX). No medical treatment, single or combined, can achieve a curing of pHPT. Recent data indicate that PTX, despite being proven to be cost‐effective compared to conservative treatment, is underutilized, especially in elderly pHPT patients. The decision of PTX should always be based on a safe diagnosis, and the potential benefits of curative treatment should not be outweighed by the risks of surgery or anaesthesia.
Superselective endovascular tissue access using trans‐vessel wall technique: feasibility study for treatment applications in heart, pancreas and kidney in swine
Authors: Grankvist R. , Jensen‐Urstad M. , Clarke J. , Lehtinen M. , Little P. , Lundberg J. , Arnberg F. , Jonsson S. , Chien K. R. , Holmin S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesWith the emergence of targeted cell transplantation and gene therapy, there is a need for minimally invasive tissue access to facilitate delivery of therapeutic substrate. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the suitability of an endovascular device which is able to directly access tissue and deliver therapeutic agent to the heart, kidney and pancreas without need to seal the penetration site.MethodsIn vivo experiments were performed in 30 swine, including subgroups with follow‐up to evaluate complications. The previously described trans‐vessel wall (VW) device was modified to be sharper and not require tip detachment to seal the VW. Injections into targets in the heart (n = 13, 24‐h follow‐up n = 5, 72‐h follow‐up n = 3), kidney (n = 8, 14‐day follow‐up n = 3) and pancreas (n = 5) were performed. Some animals were used for multiple organ injections. Follow‐up consisted of clinical monitoring, angiography and necropsy. Transvenous (in heart) and transarterial approaches (in heart, kidney and pancreas) were used. Injections were targeted towards the subepicardium, endomyocardium, pancreas head and tail, and kidney subcapsular space and cortex.ResultsInjections were successful in target organs, visualized by intraparenchymal contrast on fluoroscopy and by necropsy. No serious complications (defined as heart failure or persistent arrhythmia, haemorrhage requiring treatment or acute kidney injury) were encountered over a total of 157 injections.ConclusionsThe trans‐VW device can achieve superselective injections to the heart, pancreas and kidney for delivery of therapeutic substances without tip detachment. All parts of these organs including the subepicardium, pancreas tail and renal subcapsular space can be efficiently reached.
Role of Noxa in proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy in human adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Liang Lizhong , Weng Junquan , You Yingying , He Qifen , Fan Yunping , Liao Guiqing 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundNoxa, which is subset of the Bcl‐2 family of proteins, was previously reported to have considerable therapeutic potential in diverse cancers. However, its expression and role in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) have not been well studied. This study aimed to elucidate the expression and role of Noxa in salivary gland ACC.Materials and MethodsThe expression levels of NOXA and its association with overall survival in salivary gland ACC were analyzed by quantitative real‐time PCR. We next examined the effects of Noxa overexpression or inhibition on colony formation, proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of salivary gland ACC cells. Furthermore, promoter analysis was performed to identify the potential transcriptional activator of NOXA.ResultsNOXA was markedly down‐regulated and significantly correlated with a more aggressive phenotype and poor overall survival of salivary gland ACC. Ectopic expression of Noxa suppressed the viability and growth of ACC cells, which involved the induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, the transcriptional activity of NOXA gene could be enhanced by p53.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that Noxa, activated transcriptionally by p53, suppress the progression of ACC, whereby it regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy.
Enrolment in paediatric oncology early‐phase clinical trials: The health‐care professionals' perspective
Authors: Robertson Eden G , Mitchell Richard , Wakefield Claire E , Lewis Peter , Cousens Nicole , Marshall Glenn M , Russell Susan J , Ziegler David S , Anazodo Antoinette C , Trahair Toby N , Barbaric Draga , Cohn Richard J , Alvaro Frank , O'Brien Tracey A 
Published: October 2018

AimApproximately 20–30% of children/adolescents with cancer will not respond to standard therapies. These children are usually offered experimental treatment in the form of an early‐phase clinical trial. We examined the perspectives of health‐care professionals (HCPs) regarding obtaining informed consent for early‐phase trials in paediatric oncology.MethodsWe collected survey data from 87 HCPs working in paediatric cancer centres across Australia and New Zealand.ResultsHCPs were, on average, 44 years old (range = 25–74), with 15.8 years' experience in paediatric oncology (range = 1–40). Few HCPs (17.4%) received training for early‐phase trial consent; however, most were willing to attend training (77.9%). HCPs (61.6%) reported that they informed families about early‐phase trials without any attempt to influence their decision. However, 23.3% of HCPs reported that they informed families that their child would benefit. HCPs' main obstacle in obtaining consent was their perception of parents' eagerness to ‘try anything’ (52.3%). HCPs perceived that many parents misunderstood key clinical trials concepts, with 25.2% of HCPs believing that not being given clear information influenced parents' decisions. Physicians were more likely than social workers/nurses to inform families that other children will benefit from enrolment in the study. Social workers/nurses appeared to rate the chance of benefits for the patient higher than physicians.ConclusionsHCPs may experience difficulty conducting early‐phase trial consultations and obtaining valid informed consent. Our study highlights the need for formal training for HCPs and additional patient education tools.
Nutritional assessment of resettled paediatric refugees in Western Australia
Authors: Newman Katie , O'Donovan Kelly , Bear Natasha , Robertson Annie , Mutch Raewyn , Cherian Sarah 
Published: October 2018

AimNutritional deprivation, inadequate diet and food insecurity are common refugee experiences. The growth and nutritional status of paediatric refugees following resettlement in developed countries and the related interplay with socio‐economic factors remain less defined; this study aims to describe these features.MethodsStandardised dietary, medical and socio‐demographic health assessments of new refugee patients attending a multidisciplinary paediatric Refugee Health Service (RHS) in Western Australia between 2010 and 2015 were analysed.ResultsDemographic data from 1131 paediatric refugees are described (age 2 months to 17.8 years). The majority experienced socio‐economic disadvantage, had limited parental education and required interpreters. Nutritional deficiencies were common but varied across ethnicities: iron deficiency (ID) (12.3%), anaemia (7.3%) and inadequate dairy intake (41.0%). A third of children (32.6%) did not consume meat. Infant breastfeeding was sustained (77.8%) in infants <12 months. Prolonged breastfeeding (44.9% aged 12–24 months) was associated with an increased risk of ID (odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.4–11.6). Median body mass index increased significantly for those >24 months between referral and RHS assessment (median period 1.8 months). Overall, 27.1% required additional formal dietetic follow‐up, with higher nutritional concerns in refugee children <24 months compared to older patients.ConclusionsIdentification of frequent post‐settlement nutritional concerns has been captured through structured multidisciplinary paediatric health screening. Specific screening for socio‐economic influencing factors, including education, poverty and food insecurity, during refugee clinical assessments is recommended. Development of targeted, culturally appropriate parental education resources and interventions may improve management following resettlement. Longitudinal research assessing resettlement growth trajectories is required.