bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT OF SNAP BEAN LEAVES INFLUENCES CHINESE ROSE BEETLE FEEDING.
Authors: Furutani S. C. , Arita L. H. 
Published: February 2019

Shading studies were conducted on snap bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Hawaiian Wonder, plants to observe the influence of endogenous carbohydrate content of leaves on the feeding activity of the Chinese rose beetle (CRB) Adoretus sinicus Burmeister. Increasing the shade level from 0 to 40 or 80 % shade significantly decreased carbohydrate content of leaves and reduced CRB feeding.
The normal distribution of carbohydrates within snap bean plants was altered by foiling the 2 terminal ranks of leaves and exposing the 2 subtending ranks to full sun. The feeding pattern of the CRB was observed to change in accordance to the carbohydrate concentration at each leaf rank. We speculate that carbohydrate concentration within leaves stimulates CRB feeding.
THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS HOST PLANTS ON GROWTH, WATER RELATIONS, AND CARBON BALANCE OF THE HEMIPARASITE CASTILLEJA INDIVISA
Authors: Sweatt Michael R. , Zajicek Jayne M. 
Published: February 2019

Castilleja indivisa grows hemiparasitically attached to the roots of various nearby plants. Studies were done using several host plants to determine the effects of the parasitic relationship on the growth of C. indivisa and the host plants. Transpiration rates, and leaf water potentials of C. indivisa, and various hosts, were also measured at various soil moisture levels. Carbon transfer between C. indivisa and each host was examined using a 14CO2 tracing technique.
The various hosts used in this experiment enhanced the growth of C. indivisa by 200-700% compared to non-parasitic controls. Transpiration rates of non-parasitic controls remained relatively low at all soil moisture levels while transpiration rates of parasitic C. indivisa increased rapidly as soil moisture increased, and generally exceeded that of its host at low to medium soil moisture levels. Leaf water potentials of non-parasitic controls were generally more negative than other treatments. Carbon exchange between C. indivisa and its hosts was insignificant and appears not to be a major nutritional factor.
STUDIES ON PEACH AND NECTARINE SKIN DISORDER INCIDENCE: ANATOMICAL OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Crisosto Carlos H. , Luza Juvenal G. , Garner David , Cheng Guiwen , Day Kevin 
Published: February 2019

Peach and nectarine skin discoloration or inking (SD) has become a fruit industry problem in the last decade. Spots on the skin may be black, tan, purple or brown and vary in shape. SD was related with physical abuse of the fruit occurring during handling (harvest and transport operations) within the orchard.
An anatomical study comparing healthy and damaged (black and brown) tissue of different peach and nectarine varieties was done with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Light Microscope (LM). This study indicated that only exocarp cell (epiderm and cuticle) damage was associated with SD. The internal compartmentation of the damaged cells was often disrupted with the contents of the cytoplasm and vacuole mixed and expelled. Mesocarp cells were always intact and turgid. The same anatomical and visible tissue injury symptoms were induced on fruit by abrasion treatments.
SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF HEATING ON DISINFESTATION PROTOCOLS FOR PAPAYA
Authors: Seltenrich M. , Laidlaw W.G. , Chan Harvey T. , Hayes C.F. 
Published: February 2019

The disinfestation protocol for fruit often requires a delicate balance between suppression of the pest and avoidance of fruit damage. In Hawaii both hot-water and hot-air treatments are used for papaya destined for export. A computer simulation of the heat flow can be used to obtain the temperature Tα(x,t) at every point x in the papaya and every time t for any given heating protocol α. The activity of the ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) has been used as a measure of fruit damage and the “kill” of fruit-fly larvae/eggs as a measure of pest control. The degradation of the EFE measured experimentally for a fixed temperature T and at several times t can be analyzed to yield a rate expression R1(T,t). Similarly the survival of fruit-fly larvae/eggs can be used to establish a rate expression R2(T,t).
The temperature space-time expression, Tα(x,t), for a chosen heating protocol α, and the rate laws R1(T,t) and R2(T,t) can be used to calculate the effect on EFE activity, EFEα(x,t), and pest control, PCα(x,t), at every point in the fruit and time of the protocol. For example the effect of different heating schedules, different heating fluids or even the role of “pre-conditioning” can be assessed.
IN VITRO HARDENING AND BUD FORMATION IN AMELANCHIER ALNIFOLIA NUTT. (SASKATOON BERRY `SMOKY').
Authors: Baldwin Brian , Tanino Karen K. 
Published: February 2019

In vitro shoot cultures of saskatoon berry were subjected to a 6 week acclimating treatment (4°C/8h day). Acclimated cultures survived freezing to -27°C. Control cultures (24°C/16h day) killed at -6°C. Addition of ABA (5.0 × 10-5M) to growing medium did not increase hardiness of plants under acclimating conditions, but increased hardiness of control plants from -6°C to -10°C.
With standard BA concentration (1.1 × 10-5M) decreased by half, addition of ABA (5.0 × 10-5M) to growing medium resulted in formation of swollen axillary buds with red bud scales. Plantlets on similar medium to which ABA was not added did not show arrested growth or swollen red buds. Following defoliation, removal of shoot apex and transfer to hormone-free medium, buds on ABA-treated plantlets did not resume growth within 30 days. When ABA-treated plantlets were transferred to media supplemented with BA, dormant-looking buds resumed normal growth. Dormant buds collected from field-grown plants and placed in culture broke dormancy on BA medium and maintained the dormant state on hormone-free and ABA medias.
MODIFICATION OF A MODEL PREDICTING ROSE FLOWER GROWTH UNDER DIFFERENT IRRADIANCE REGIMES
Authors: Hopper Douglas A. , Woerner Steven E. 
Published: February 2019

Three-year-old Rosa hybrida L. `Royalty' and `Red Success' plants were pinched 20 Oct. and 22 Dec. 1990 to time production for Christmas and Valentine's Day, respectively. Two greenhouses received ambient solar radiation while two additional houses had 50% reduction in irradiance using a shading thermal blanket. All temperature set points were 23C/17C day/night. Every 10 days and at flowering shoots were measured for leaf (node) number, stem diameter, stem length, and fresh weights of stem, leaves, and flower bud. Time to visible bud and to flowering from pinch were recorded.
A computer model, ROSESIM, had been formulated in SLAM II and converted to both FORTRAN and BASIC code to make the program more portable. Although ROSESIM closely predicted `Royalty' fresh weights when irradiance was high before Christmas, underprediction occurred in the lower irradiance before Valentine's Day, and time to flowering was predicted earlier than was observed under all conditions. Corrective coefficients were added to ROSESIM to improve accuracy of prediction under actual greenhouse conditions.
THE USE OF IN VITRO MIST CULTIVATION FOR THE PROPAGATION AND HARDENING-OFF OF VIRUS-FREE POTATO PLANTLETS.
Authors: Giles Kenneth L. , Friesen Kenneth , Novakovski Debra 
Published: February 2019

The use of an in vitro mist culture systems for the growth of virus free shoots of several potato cultivars has been demonstrated using the “Mystifier®”, several different media and growth regulator concentrations have been used to monitor the efficiency of shoot multiplication and growth. Nodal cuttings of sterile in vitro virus free cultures were used as inocula and the mist was applied at various rates in order to assess optimum sucrose concentrations and mineral concentrations. Murashige and Skoog medium was used and diluted to half and quarter strength.
Hardening off the resulting shoots was achieved by passing HEPA filtered air at various rates over the plantlets still in the culture vessel. Conditions for high efficiency hardening off of cultured material has been defined such that plantlets can be transferred directly to greenhouse conditions.
The implications and opportunities that are indicated by this work are discussed.
VARIABLE OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS DURING CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE OF `GOLDEN DELICIOUS' APPLES
Authors: Lehman-Salada Laura , Greene George M. 
Published: February 2019

In both experiments. 20-apple samples from 6 commercial orchards were harvested and stored in 208 liter containers at 0C for 4, 6, and 8 months. Additional samples were removed from CA and held at 0C for 14 days before evaluation. Gas composition was measured and controlled 6 times per day using automatic control equipment. In the first experiment, samples were stored at constant 0.0% CO2 and one of three O2 regimes (constant 2.0%. 0.5 rising to 3.5%. or 3.5% falling to 0.5% O2). Apples stored at 3.5% falling to 0.5% O2 during the storage period were softer than apples held at constant 2.0% or those held at 0.5% rising to 3.5% O2 during the storage period. Variable O2 concentrations did not influence weight loss during storage and insignificant scald, flesh browning, core browning, rot, and low 02 injury were observed. In the second experiment, samples were stored at constant 2.0% O2 and one of three CO2 regimes (constant 0%, constant 5%. or 0% rising to 6% CO2). Constant 5% or rising CO2 conditions did not significantly influence flesh softening or weight loss during storage. Negligible CO2 injury was observed.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE NORTHEAST REGION SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION PROGRAM
Authors: Holtzman Beth 
Published: February 2019

The challenges facing horticultural production in the Northeast are many: Pests that are increasingly resistant to conventional controls; eroding profitability; increasing consumer concern about residues in food and water supplies. The Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program is working to find solutions to these problems. SARE-supported research is developing practices that will help reduce producers reliance on pesticides and other purchased inputs while maintaining farm profitability. In the Northeast, SARE has provided about $5 million in grants since 1983 to about 50 projects. Many focus on horticultural crops, such as apples, small fruit, sod and ornamental plants. Some strategies developed through SARE projects are already being adopted at the farm level. Last year, the program allocated $1.461 million to 16 projects. This year, the Northeast Region expects to distribute a similar or slightly lower amount of grant funding. In addition, the region established a new $100,000 farmer mini-grant program to promote adoption of sustainable practices and in novations on the farm.
022 GROWTH REGULATOR AND APPLICATION TIME INFLUENCE POINSETTIA BRACT SIZE
Authors: Barrett James E. , Nell Terril A. 
Published: February 2019

`V-14 Glory' poinsettias in 15-cm pots were pinched on 24 Sept. and given long days until 8 Oct. Chemical treatments were paclobutrazol drench, paclobutrazol spray, or daminozide/chlormequat (D/C) spray. Time of application was between 8 Oct. and 12 Nov. Heights ranged between 27 and 31 cm. D/C reduced bract size more than paclobutrazol spray, and for both, later treatments had greater affect. Paclobutrazol drench did not have a significant affect.
A second experiment had two cultivars, `Freedom' and `V-14'; three paclobutrazol concentrations, 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 mg per pot; and three application times, 30 Sept., 14 Oct. or 28 Oct. Treatment on 30 Sept. produced the smallest bracts. The cultivar × concentration interaction was significant with 0.4 mg reducing bract size for `Freedom' but not `V-14'. Treatments on 28 Oct. had less effect on height than the other two dates. `Freedom' were shorter than `V-14'. and higher concentrations had more effect on `Freedom' than `V-14'.
052 GENETICS OF FLORAL LONGEVITY IN PETUNIA
Authors: Krahl Kimberly H. , Randle William M. 
Published: February 2019

Ornamental plant breeding has focused almost exclusively on floral prolificacy rather than floral longevity. The importance of floral longevity is obvious in any ornamental crop grown primarily for floral display. This study was undertaken to determine the genetic basis of floral longevity in an important ornamental crop, petunia.
Four parental lines representing the extremes for floral longevity were used to generate 6 F1 families which were selfed to generate F2 families and backcrossed to create 12 backcross families. Generation means analysis was utilizied to determine estimates of additive. dominance, and epistatic genetic variance for floral longevity in petunia.
063 IMPLEMENTING WRITING ACROSS THE CURRICULUM IN HORTICULTURE COURSES
Authors: McKenney Cynthia B. 
Published: February 2019

Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) programs are viewed as a plausible solution to poor student communication skills. These programs are further justified on the premise that writing fosters and reinforces learning in any discipline.
WAC programs integrate easily into horticulture. Traditional writing opportunities frequently utilized in horticulture include essays, papers, presentation critiques, lab reports, field trip summaries, business proposals, and cropping schedules. New opportunities might include microthemes and target audience writings.
WAC programs have their own share of pitfalls: increased grading time, reduced course content, ill-equipped faculty to teach language arts, and unrecognized objectives. Ultimately, the success or failure of a WAC program hinges on the commitment of faculty in the discipline who should have the best understanding of the language and style needed to communicate effectively in their field.
160 TOMATO PRODUCTION IN KUWAIT
Authors: Abdal Mahdi S. , Basham Charles 
Published: February 2019

Tomatoes are the leading vegetable crop in Kuwait and are produced in both open field agriculture (OFA) and protected environment agriculture (PEA). Prior to the invasion by Iraq there were 1018 ha of tomatoes in OFA and 76 ha in PEA. We project that nearly 90% of the pre-invasion PEA area and more than 50% of the OFA area will be restored to production in the 1994 season.
Most of the PEA structures currently in production are simple structures of bent pipe frames with plastic film covers. Some multi-span, rigid-cover structures have been restored. Fan and pad cooling systems are used although many of the structures are uncooled and produce only a winter crop.
PEA production uses desalinated sea water (DW) for irrigation and a mixture of DW and brackish water (BW) for cooling. OFA uses a mixture of DW and BW for irrigation, usually applied with drip systems.
Pest problems include whitefly, spider mite, aphid, root knot nematode and a number of diseases including tomato yellow leaf curl.
172 STRAW MULCH INCREASES YIELD OF THORNLESS BLACKBERRY CULTIVARS
Authors: Funt Richard C. , Bartholomew Henry M. , Schmittgen Mark C. , Golden John C. 
Published: February 2019

Annual yields of thornless blackberries may be inconsistent due to low winter or early spring temperatures. Under ideal conditions thornless blackberries can produce two or three times more berries per acre and ripen over a longer period of time than the erect, thorny type.
Yields of several thornless blackberry cultivars were improved by using straw mulch. In experiment one standard cultivars were compared to numbered clones. In experiment two Chester, Black Satin, Dirksen and C-65 were compared. Over a six year period, straw increased yields from 1670 to 8300 pounds per acre. Straw mulch appeared to be effective during years where low temperatures did not affect bearing surface.
198 EVALUATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF Fragaria chiloensis CLONES WITH POTENTIAL AS LOW-MAINTENANCE ORNAMENTAL GROUNDCOVERS
Authors: VanDerZanden Ann Marie , Cameron J. Scott 
Published: February 2019

Fragaria chiloensis (Linnaeus) Is a viable. low maintenance alternative to groundcovers currently available in the ornamental landscape industry. There is considerable genetic variability within this specks for leaf morphology, growth and flowering habits as well as drought tolerance. Clones collected from 11 coastal sites in CA and OR were compared for drought tolerance after two Imposed water stress\recovery cycles. Predawn water potential, gas exchange, chlorophyll (chl) content, fourth derivative spectroscopy, carbon isotope discrimination, and total biomass production were evaluated and significant clonal differences were observed.
Predawn water potentials after the first stress cycle ranged from -35.0 MPa to -6.5 MPa. Clones I05, DNT and G19 had highest predawn water potentials and gas exchange rates after both stress cycles. In the control group, I05 and DNT had higher levels of chl a, chl b, total chl and chl a\b. After the first stress cycle, clones DNT and I05 had the highest chl a\b ratio, however, after the second stress event there were no differences In any chl parameters. Varying adaptive abilities observed may suggest differential use in the landscape.
208 EXTENSION SERVICES LINK INDUSTRY TO RESEARCH
Authors: Beck Nancy , Kerr Jim 
Published: February 2019

The restructuring of government research and extension organisations within New Zealand provides a rare opportunity to reshape our approach to technology transfer. This paper describes the approaches which HortResearch is taking to develop its technology transfer activities and extension services to New Zealand's horticultural industries.
Research is without purpose if the resultant technology is not transferred from scientists to growers and other industry groups and vice versa. Effective research planning in HortResearch and the provision of decision support information to growers, will depend on good working links between researchers and other key industry players. Rapid development of this linkage is crucial due to the loss of the traditional free extension service in the restructuring process.
A working party assessed the industry's needs and concepts of technology transfer. A workshop to discuss technology transfer option was held with key people from the horticultural industry; this was followed later by an in-house workshop. Proposals for the Institute to establish link teams for each horticultural sector were the outcome.
252 STUDIES ON ADVENTITIOUS REGENERATION IN COCOYAM
Authors: Nyochembeng Leopold M. , Garton Stephen 
Published: February 2019

Studies were conducted to determine the response of cocoyam shoot tips, petioles, cotyledons and hypocotyls in various media for callus formation, adventitious shoot development and somatic embryogenesis. In all experiments, B5 basal medium or low N B5 were supplemented with various growth regulators.
High frequency adventitious shoot proliferation was obtained using cotyledons and hypocotyls in medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IBA and 0.5 mg/l TDZ. Embryogenic callus was obtained using shoot tips in media containing 1 mg/l Dicamba, hile somatic embryos were observed in media containing 0.3 mg/l 2, 4 - D and 1 mg/l Kinetin, using hypocotyl and petiole explants. The impact of these results on micropropagation of cocoyam is discussed.
334 RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM IN CARROT
Authors: Sampath Vivek , Simon Philipp 
Published: February 2019

Studies of genetic variation at the DNA level in the genus Daucus have been very limited. Molecular markers based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RPLP) have been shown to be highly useful and efficient gene markers in other plant species.
We have used a total of 20 carrot types (inbreds, varieties, species) for this study. Genomic DNA probes cloned in pGEM (Promega) plasmid of Escherichia coli were hybridized to DNA of these types digested with EcoRI and HindIII restriction enzymes. Based on 50 probe-enzyme combinations we have found RFLP variation to be extensive in Daucus, even among related cultivated genetic stocks. The implications of these results in the germplasm diversity in Daucus will be discussed.
Also, a genetic linkage map of carrot will be constructed. The map will be used to determine the genomic regions conditioning traits like root and core diameter, root length, and nematode resistance.
414 PB 033 STAMP OUT HORTICULTURE!
Authors: Conley M. Elizabeth , Schwarze Debra J. , Lambe David P. 
Published: February 2019

Rubber stamps have traditionally been used in business to deliver visual or concise verbal messages. That tradition has changed as rubber stamps have also become an art form. Stamps are now available in virtually any horticultural design, including flowers, vegetables, fruits, trees, cacti, turf and as landscape design forms.
Stamps can be purchased at specialty stores, craft stores, book stores, kiosks at shopping malls, and from catalogs or they can be easily crafted from gum or rubber erasers. Two periodicals are available that describe stamping techniques and provide catalog sources: Rubberstampmadness (Corvallis, Oregon) and Rubber Stampers World (Placerville, California).
Using rubber stamps is fun and promotes creativity! Stamps can be used in a wide range of colors and they allow versatility in positioning, whether on paper or fabric. They are cost effective because they can be reused. Some suggested uses include enhancement of visual displays, personalization of mailings, and application for 4-H projects.
A list of selected references will be available.
416 PB 089 GOPHER THROUGH INTERNET TO CONSUMER HORTICULTURE INFORMATION
Authors: Relf Paula Diane , McAnge Thomas , Dobbs Kathleen 
Published: February 2019

The Internet is a system of nearly 10,000 computer networks linked together in cooperative, non-centralized collaboration. There are more than a million host computers in 36 countries from universities, research groups, companies and government installations. GOPHER is a tool that allows someone to look for information by moving through menus in the Internet system until specific documents are Identified that are of value to the researcher. A GOPHER Server has been established at VPI & SU for the Extension Service as follows:
Horticulture
Consumer Horticulture
(Includes the following topic areas: Environmental Issues; General Horticulture Information; Human Issues in Horticulture; Pest Management; Plant Fact Sheets; Virginia Gardener Extension Publications; Virginia Master Gardeners)
This information will be of value to educators, writers and private gardeners wanting current information on diverse consumer horticulture topics. The Human Issues in Horticulture information will be of particular value to researchers seeking information or collaborators in research related to the economic, environmental, psychological, physiological, social, cultural or aesthetic benefits of plants to people.
419 PB 098 MINNESOTA INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: A PARTNERSHIP OF THE UNIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY GROUPS
Authors: Murray Helene , Wyse Donald L. , Hoover Emily E. 
Published: February 2019

Minnesota has a long history of strong citizen involvement in environmental, community development, economic development, and human rights issues. Therefore, it is not surprising there are many individuals, organizations, communities, and educational institutions in Minnesota actively involved in the sustainable agriculture debate. The challenge we face is how to help these strong forces work in collaboration to solve rural problem s.
In 1990 representatives of five community-based organizations and the U of M agreed to form the Minnesota Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (MISA) to be housed at the University and governed by a board of community and University representatives. The purpose of MISA is to bring farmers and other sustainable agriculture community interests together with University administrators, educators, researchers, and students in a cooperative effort to undertake innovative, agenda-setting programs that might not otherwise be pursued in the state.