bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lumbar Puncture for the Injection of Intrathecal Fluorescein: Should It Be Avoided in a Subset of Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Sellar and Parasellar Lesions?
Authors: Zhang Michael , Azad Tej , Singh Harminder , Salam Smeer , Jain Saurabh , Anand Vijay , Schwartz Theodore 
Published: April 2018

Objectives The use of intrathecal fluorescein (ITF) has become an increasingly adopted practice for the identification of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks during endoscopic skull base surgery for pituitary adenomas. Administration through lumbar puncture can result in postoperative positional headaches, increasing morbidity, cost, and length of stay. We sought to identify the incidence of and variables associated with postoperative headaches to determine if there was a subgroup of patients in whom this procedure should be avoided.
Methods We conducted a retrospective single-institution review of 148 patients who underwent endoscopic resection with ITF for pituitary adenoma between December 2003 and February 2016. We excluded patients who had lumbar drains and with intraoperative CSF leak, as these patients may have other headache etiologies. Patient demographics, comorbidities, tumor features, surgical approach, surgical closure, and histology were recorded. Primary outcomes included the presence of postoperative and positional headaches.
Results We identified 62 patients with postoperative headaches (41.9%) and 10 with positional headaches (6.8%), of whom 6 underwent blood patch with complete resolution. Following univariate analysis, there was a significant positive association with prolactin-secreting tumors (p = 0.008). There was a negative association with a history of hypertension (p = 0.0001) and age (p = 0.01). Following multivariate modeling, the significance for hypertension (p = 0.01) was preserved.
Conclusions Positional headaches in patients who receive ITF are uncommon and should not limit its use in the preparations for endoscopic resection of pituitary adenomas. Avoiding ITF in younger patients without hypertension with prolactinomas might decrease the risk of post-ITF positional headaches.
Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Outcomes at a Minimum of 5-Year Follow-Up: A Systematic Review
Authors: Johnson Lea , Brophy Robert , Bogunovic Ljiljana , Matava Matthew , Smith Matthew , Wright Rick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRevision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction typically has worse outcomes than primary reconstructions. Minimal long-term data exist regarding 5-year results. We chose to perform a systematic review to evaluate midterm (5-year) revision ACL reconstruction outcomes (patient-reported outcomes, reoperation, stability, arthritis) in comparison to primary ACL reconstructions at similar time points. Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were queried, and four studies met the inclusion criteria. Two authors reviewed and performed data extraction. All were level 4 studies. Review of the studies demonstrated that results at 5 years are consistently worse than those noted in primary reconstructions for objective and patient-reported outcomes. Revision ACL reconstruction outcomes remain worse than primary reconstructions at midterm 5-year follow-up. The level of evidence is 4.
Neonatal Microbiome and the Gut–Brain Axis: Is It the Origin of Adult Diseases?
Authors: Soliman Yssra S. , Elkhateb Islam T. , Aly Hany Z. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe gut–brain axis may contribute to the pathophysiology of a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases and chronic illnesses of adulthood. A literature search was completed using PubMed and the following keywords: “gut microbiota,” “breast milk,” “schizophrenia,” “irritable bowel syndrome,” “obesity,” “anorexia and bulimia nervosa,” and “depression.” The search was limited to articles available in English and published in the past 20 years. The human microbiota is essential to normal structure and function. The relationship of microbiota and the central nervous system is called the gut–brain axis, which may be responsible for many pathologic conditions. Research is needed to confirm this association and unveil the pathogenesis of this phenomenon.
Long-Term Outcome after Dynamic Graciloplasty for Treatment of Persistent Fecal Incontinence in Patients with Anorectal Malformations
Authors: Danielson Johan , Karlbom Urban , Wester Tomas , Graf Wilhelm 
Published: April 2018

Purpose Dynamic graciloplasty (DGP) has been used to treat severe fecal incontinence since the 1980s. Previous studies have shown an inferior outcome in patients with anorectal malformations (ARMs). Our experience has been that DGP has been appreciated by ARM -patients. The objective of the study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of DGP in our patients with ARM compared with patients with other underlying conditions.
Materials and Methods Twenty-three patients operated with DGP at our institution from 1996 to 2010 were sent validated bowel function and quality of life questionnaires. Eighteen of 23 responded. Seven had ARM and 11 had other etiologies of fecal incontinence. The mean follow-up time was 11.6 years (range, 5–17).
Results Four of 7 of the patients with ARM and 8 of 11 of patients with other etiologies used their implants at follow-up. The Miller incontinence score was slightly higher for patients with ARMs, but they had less constipation and higher Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQL)- and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores. None of the differences were statistically significant.
Conclusion This study cannot confirm earlier reports in which DGP has an inferior outcome in patients with ARM. We therefore believe that the procedure should remain a treatment option for selected patients.
How Does Autologous Breast Reconstruction Impact Downtime?
Authors: Rais Daniel , Farhadi Jian , Zoccali Giovanni 
Published: April 2018

Background Although autologous breast reconstruction is technically quite demanding, it offers the best outcomes in terms of durable results, patient perceptions, and postoperative pain. Many studies have focused on clinical outcomes and technical aspects of such procedures, but few have addressed the impact of various flaps on patient recovery times. This particular investigation entailed an assessment of commonly used flaps, examining the periods of time required to resume daily activities.
Methods Multiple choice questionnaires were administered to 121 patients after recovery from autologous reconstruction to determine the times required in returning to specific physical activities. To analyze results, the analysis of variance F-test was applied, and odds ratios (ORs) were determined.
Results Among the activities surveyed, recovery time was not always a function of free-flap surgery. Additional treatments and psychological effects also contributed. Adjuvant chemotherapy increased average downtime by 2 weeks, and postoperative irradiation prolonged recovery as much as 4 weeks. Patient downtime was unrelated to flap type, ranging from 2.9 to 21.3 weeks for various activities in question. Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps yielded the highest OR and transverse upper gracilis (TUG) flaps the lowest.
Conclusion Compared with superior gluteal artery perforator and TUG flaps, the DIEP flap was confirmed as the gold standard in autologous breast reconstruction, conferring the shortest recovery times. All adjuvant therapies served to prolong patient recovery as well. Surgical issues, patient lifestyles, and donor-site availability are other important aspects of flap selection.
Effect of the Distal Femoral Joint Line on Ligament Tensions in Flexion with Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Prostheses
Authors: Lenz Nathaniel , Werner Jordan , Cross Michael , Hughes Dean , Laster Scott , Schwarzkopf Ran , Narayanan Rajkishen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractProper ligament tension in knee flexion within cruciate-retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty has long been associated with clinical success; however, traditional balancing principles have assumed that the distal femoral joint line (DFJL) affects only extension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect DFJL may have on ligament strains and tibiofemoral kinematics of CR knee designs in flexion. A computational analysis was performed using a musculoskeletal modeling system for two different knee implants, the high-flex CR (HFCR) and guided-motion CR (GMCR). Tibiofemoral kinematics and ligament strain were measured at 90-degree knee flexion while the implants' DFJL was incrementally shifted proximally. Femoral implant position and kinematics were used to determine the femur's anteroposterior position relative to the tibia. The change in the femoral medial condyle position relative to the tibia was 0.33 mm and 0.53 mm more anterior per each 1-mm elevation of the DFJL for HFCR and GMCR, respectively. The change in the lateral condyle position was 0.20 mm more anterior and 0.06 mm more posterior for HFCR and GMCR, respectively. The strain in the lateral and medial collateral ligaments changed minimally with elevation of the DFJL. In both implants, strain increased in the anterior lateral and posterior medial bundles of the posterior collateral ligament with elevation of the DFJL, whereas strain decreased in the iliotibial band and iliotibial patellar band. Our findings suggest that DFJL affects ligament tension at 90-degree knee flexion and therefore flexion balance for CR implants. Elevating the DFJL to address tight extension space in a CR knee while flexion space is well balanced could result in increased flexion tension especially when the flexion–extension mismatch is large. To achieve balanced flexion and extension, the amount of DFJL elevation may need to be reduced.
Intrakranielle EEG Netzwerkanalysen bei fokalen Epilepsien
Authors: Schindler Kaspar 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Theorie der Netzwerke hat sich zu einem bedeutsamen Werkzeug bei der Analyse komplexer Systeme entwickelt und ihre Methoden werden erfolgreich angewendet, um die Dynamik epileptischer Anfälle zu verstehen. In diesem Artikel wird eine nicht-technische Einführung in die Konzepte der Netzwerktheorie gegeben. Ausgehend von intrakraniellen EEG Signalen wird demonstriert wie daraus funktionale Netzwerke hergeleitet werden können und wie sich diese Netzwerke visualisieren und analysieren lassen. Wichtige Begriffe wie „Knoten“, „Verbindung“ und „Knoten-Zentralität“ werden erklärt und ein experimentell prüfbares Modell der Netzwerkdynamik fokaler Anfälle wird vorgestellt. Dieses Modell impliziert, dass die hierarchische und modulare Netzwerkstruktur unseres Gehirns dazu prädestiniert, dass lokale neurogliale Aktivität unkontrollierbar wird. Die „Neuro-Netzwerkwissenschaft“ dürfte in naher Zukunft zu besserer Diagnostik und Therapie für Epilepsiepatienten führen.
Verhaltens- und Kommunikationsstrategien bei Menschen mit Demenz und herausforderndem Verhalten
Authors: Kummerfeld Marion 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Herausforderung Ein Krankenhausaufenthalt verunsichert – nicht nur an Demenz erkrankte Personen. Doch diese sind dann schnell überfordert und zeigen
veränderte Verhaltensweisen, die alle Beteiligten fordern, Situationen können schnell eskalieren. Kernkompetenzen in der Gestaltung von Beziehungen und
deeskalierendes Verhalten sind hier von großer Bedeutung.
Frisian genitives
Authors: Hoekstra Jarich 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article surveys the development of the genitive in Frisian. Starting from the situation in Old Frisian it discusses the fate of the genitival endings and the genitive constructions after the breakdown of the case system. Several cases of redistribution, reanalysis, refunctionalization and recultivation are presented, especially from West Frisian and Fering-Öömrang, the North Frisian dialect of Föhr and Amrum. The article tries to highlight those aspects of the development of the genitive in Frisian that might be interesting from a comparative and theoretical point of view.
The development of non-paradigmatic linking elements in Faroese and the decline of the genitive case
Authors: Petersen Hjalmar P. , Szczepaniak Renata 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper focuses on the development of linking elements in Faroese. It aims to capture the whole dissociation process of the Faroese linking elements, which comprises the ongoing decline of the genitive case as well as the distributional, functional and formal changes within the linking system. The first part of the article deals with the development of the verbal, prepositional and attributive genitive in the history of Faroese. Based on existing corpus studies, we will present the strongly restricted use of the genitive in Contemporary Faroese: The genitive is not used as a verbal case at all. As a prepositional case it is limited to two prepositions (til ‘to’ and partly as a complement of (í)millum ‘between’). Genitive attributes expressing different semantic relations like possession or family relationship are no longer in use either – they are replaced by analytic constructions, e.g. hús-ini hjá gentu-n-i ‘house-def.nom./acc.pl by girl.nnom.sg-def-def.dat.sg’ ‘the girl’s house’. In the second part, the paper addresses the continuous development of linking elements, which originate from the genitive endings, e.g. dag-s verk ‘day-gen.sg work.nom.sg’ > dag+s+verk ‘day’s work’. Here, it will be shown that the contemporary linking system in Faroese comprises different stages of formal and functional development. The focus will then lie on the ongoing development of the non-paradigmatic linking elements, i.e. linkers which are no more homophonous with any inflectional ending of the noun. Of particular interest is the ongoing context-driven variation between the paradigmatic linker +ar+ and the non-paradigmatic +a+. An acceptability test with novel and nonsense compounds will show a preference for the non-paradigmatic variant +a+ instead of the paradigmatic +ar+ before obstruents, e.g. mjólk+a+pakki instead of mjólk+ar+pakki ‘milk carton’.
The Genitive Rule and its background
Authors: Gallmann Peter 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the German Language, there are two types of rules that determine whether a DP/NP may bear genitive case or not. The type I rules handle the case assignment as in other languages with morphological case, including a visibility condition for the genitive case. The type II rules refer to the DP/NP-internal feature distribution. The interaction of these rules can be formulated as a corollary, the Genitive Rule. Since the type II rules are merely descriptive generalizations, the question arises to what extent the Genitive Rule really covers the diverse constructions with genitive case. On the whole, the Genitive Rule seems to predict the distribution of the genitive constructions and their competitors with other cases correctly. Nonetheless, two deviations are to be expected (and can be observed): (i) A construction is grammatical in spite of violating the Genitive Rule; (ii) a construction is ungrammatical in spite of complying with the Genitive Rule. In both circumstances a second question arises: Which factors trigger the unexpected behavior?
Yiddish possessives as a case for genitive case
Authors: Hoge Kerstin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Yiddish is standardly characterised as a language with a three-case system, differentiating between nominative, accusative and dative. Possessor noun phrases that occur before the possessum appear to be marked by dative and an additional formative ‑s, which attaches to the head noun at the right edge of the possessor phrase. This article presents evidence for considering the possessive marker part of the exponence of genitive case, and thus, for revising the description of the Yiddish case system. The arguments given concern, on the one hand, the morphosyntactic status of the possessive marker and, on the other, the fact that, upon closer inspection, the nominal with which the possessive marker is combined is not identical with a noun phrase case-marked for dative.
On the role of cases and possession in Germanic
Authors: Braunmüller Kurt 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The Germanic languages exhibit several interesting developments with respect to genitive and ‘possession’. The genitive cannot be considered a structural case in line with the nominative or accusative, the function of which can often be expressed by word order alone. It has a very complex semantic status in its own right and shows several intersections with the semantics of the dative, also a formerly complex case. The transfer of possessive datives from Low German into the Mainland Scandinavian languages led, however, to language-internal typological inconsistency, as far as the possessive pronouns (3rd person) are concerned. Moreover, ‘possession’ may also be rendered through periphrastic constructions which display various realisations in the Scandinavian languages. Special emphasis is paid to the word order within noun phrases and to distributional restrictions. Morphological transparency, the emergence of a new possessive clitic (-sa) in Faroese and the inter/independency of pre- and postposed possessive constructions are also investigated. The conclusion focuses on the issue of whether these developments may be seen as a “progress in language” (Jespersen 1894) or rather as a “helix in language history” (von der Gabelentz 1901).
“Am I blue?”
Authors: Hargreaves David 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Traditionally described as a system of verb morphology (Bendix 1974, 1992; Hale 1980; Hale and Shrestha 2006; Hargreaves 1990, 1991a, 1991b, 2005), “conjunct/disjunct” egophoric encoding in Kathmandu Newar (Tibeto-Burman) is not, in fact, limited to inflectional morphology. Instead, accounting for egophoric distributions synchronically and diachronically in Kathmandu Newar requires positing an interrelated set of semantic and pragmatic principles linked to patterns in verbal morphology, temperature predicates, and the simple/causative alternation of the auxiliary dhun- ‘finish.’ The principles include a semantic feature assigned to arguments of internal state predicates (both agents of intentional action and experiencers), epistemic constraints on the attribution of intentional and internal states, and a discourse function, termed ‘epistemic source,’ which is constructed from the indexical properties of speaker/addressee and the pragmatic preconditions for declarative/interrogative illocutionary types.
Interactions of speaker knowledge and volitionality in Sherpa
Authors: Kelly Barbara F. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This chapter investigates evidentiality and egophoricity in Sherpa, spoken in eastern Nepal. It seeks to build on existing accounts of Sherpa evidentials through an investigation of what triggers evidential and egophoric markers. I show that in some instances the trigger appears to be grammatically and temporally-based, in others it is speaker knowledge or evidence-based and in others it is motivated by the volitionality of the agent. The relations between each of these factors is examined here as part of an overall investigation into the Sherpa verbal system.
Egophoricity and differential access to knowledge in Yongning Na (Mosuo)
Authors: Lidz Liberty 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Yongning Na, a Tibeto-Burman language close to Lolo-Burmese, is spoken in southwestern China within the Sinitic, Himalayan, and mainland Southeast Asian linguistic areas. Na has a non-canonical egophoric system which differs from other systems in the area, such as those of Tibetan and Newar, with respect to the ways that person patterns within the system; the forms that marking takes; and the way that the system is leveled in the interrogative. Instead of a two-way distinction with respect to person, Na makes a three-way distinction: first person statements can be made unequivocally; second person ‘statements’ are formed as interrogatives; and third person statements are qualified, with the form of qualification dependent upon verbal semantic class: volitional, internal state, or observable state (Lidz 2007). These coding distinctions represent a grammaticalization of the differential access to knowledge in speech interactions among first, second, and third persons. Marking indicates whether the first, second, or third person subject has direct access to knowledge under assertion. In Na, the relevant forms include evidential particles, a future marker, and an interrogative construction, rather than copulas or verbal morphology. Differential access to knowledge and evidentiality are tightly entwined in Na, which is perhaps not surprising as the two encode closely related concepts: differential access to knowledge marks direct versus indirect access to knowledge, while evidentiality marks source of knowledge (Aikhenvald 2004). The Na system does not occur in the interrogative mood, in distinct contrast with attested egophoric systems.
Egophoricity in Wutun
Authors: Sandman Erika 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper discusses the category of egophoricity in Wutun. Drawing from first-hand field material, I show how markers of egophoricity in Wutun interact with person. In the introductory section, I provide basic information on the Wutun language and on its areal context, typological profile and verb structure. I then introduce Wutun basic egophoric morphology and discuss manipulations of the basic system. It will be shown that pragmatic factors like volitionality, mirativity, the speaker’s degree of certainty concerning the truth value of the statement, and the speaker’s expectations of access to information by the addressee play significant roles in the interaction between egophoricity and person in Wutun. Finally, I discuss egophoricity in Wutun as an areal feature and suggest some possible diachronic sources for egophoricity markers.
Egophoricity and argument structure in Cha’palaa
Authors: Floyd Simeon 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The Cha’palaa language of Ecuador (Barbacoan) features verbal morphology for marking knowledge-based categories that, in usage, show a variant of the cross-linguistically recurrent pattern of ‘egophoric distribution': specific forms associate with speakers in contrast to others in statements and with addressees in contrast to others in questions. These are not person markers, but rather are used by speakers to portray their involvement in states of affairs as active, agentive participants (ego) versus other types of involvement (non-ego). They interact with person and argument structure, but through pragmatic ‘person sensitivities’ rather than through grammatical agreement. Not only does this pattern appear in verbal morphology, it also can be observed in alternations of predicate construction types and case alignment, helping to show how egophoric marking is a pervasive element of Cha'palaa's linguistic system. This chapter gives a first account of egophoricity in Cha’palaa, beginning with a discussion of person sensitivity, egophoric distribution, and issues of flexibility of marking with respect to degree of volition or control. It then focuses on a set of intransitive experiencer (or ‘endopathic') predicates that refer to internal states which mark egophoric values for the undergoer role, not the actor role, showing ‘quirky’ accusative marking instead of nominative case. It concludes with a summary of how egophoricity in Cha'palaa interacts with issues of argument structure in comparison to a language with person agreement, here represented by examples from Cha’palaa’s neighbor Ecuadorian Highland Quechua.