bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size and morphology controlled synthesis of the silver (П) oxide particles
Authors: Abedini Amin , Najafi Mostafa 
Published: May 2019

In this study, the experimental parameters for synthesis of silver (П) oxide (AgO) particles were controlled to achieve various particle sizes with different morphology. The AgO particles were synthesised by alkaline oxidation in the presence of potassium persulfate (K2S2O8). Characterisation of AgO particles was performed by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) techniques. The analysis of FE‐SEM images with Digimizer image analysis software indicated that the AgO particles were in micro and nanosize ranged from 50 to 150 nm in thickness and 0.58 to 1 µm in length. Also, pebble, slice, and flake morphologies were observed by controlling the experimental conditions. The general factorial design method was applied to investigate the effect of variable factors suchas the concentration of AgNO3 (CAg+), the concentration of K2S2O8 (CS2O8 2−), and the mole ratio of AgNO3 to K2S2O8 (RAg+/S2O8 2−), whereas the particle size was the response to be analysed. Based on the results of the analysis of variance, the model was significant. Investigations indicated that the interaction between CAg+ and RAg+/S2O8 2− has a significant effect on the AgO particle size. Validation of the results showed that residual and desirability values are 2.2% and 0.935, respectively.
Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko seen by ROSINA
Authors: Schuhmann M. , Altwegg K. , Balsiger H. , Berthelier J.-J. , De Keyser J. , Fiethe B. , Fuselier S. A. , Gasc S. , Gombosi T. I. , Hänni N. , Rubin M. , Tzou C.-Y. , Wampfler S. F. 
Published: May 2019

Context.Unlike all previous cometary space missions, the Rosetta spacecraft accompanied its target, comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, for more than two years on its way around the Sun. Thereby, an unexpected diversity and complexity of the chemical composition was revealed.Aims.Our first step of decrypting the exact chemical composition of the gaseous phase is the identifying and quantifying the bulk composition of the pure aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.Methods.For this study, data from ROSINA–Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer (DFMS) onboard the Rosetta spacecraft and the laboratory twin model were used. A joint campaign of laboratory calibration measurements and space data analysis was performed to derive the hydrocarbon bulk composition for the post-inbound equinox period at 1.52 AU in May 2015. Furthermore, several other mission phases were investigated to determine the dependencies of season, location, and heliocentric distance on the relative abundances of hydrocarbons.Results.It is shown that the bulk composition of the gaseous phase includes a high number of aliphatic compounds such as methane, ethane, and propane, as well as the aromatic compounds benzene and toluene. Butane and pentane were successfully identified in measurements at closer distance to the comet in May 2016. Furthermore, the presence of hexane and heptane in the coma is confirmed on rare occasions during the mission. Their presence in DFMS space data appears to be linked to days or periods of high dust activity. In addition to the saturated aliphatic and aromatic compounds, a high number of remaining unsaturated species is present, which cannot be explained by fragmentation of saturated species or contribution from other organic molecules in addition to pure hydrocarbons. This indicates the existence of unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in the coma of comet 67P.
Optical polarised phase function of the HR 4796A dust ring
Authors: Milli J. , Engler N. , Schmid H. M. , Olofsson J. , Ménard F. , Kral Q. , Boccaletti A. , Thébault P. , Choquet E. , Mouillet D. , Lagrange A.-M. , Augereau J.-C. , Pinte C. , Chauvin G. , Dominik C. , Perrot C. , Zurlo A. , Henning T. , Beuzit J.-L. , Avenhaus H. , Bazzon A. , Moulin T. , Llored M. , Moeller-Nilsson O. , Roelfsema R. , Pragt J. 
Published: May 2019

Context.The scattering properties of the dust originating from debris discs are still poorly known. The analysis of scattered light is however a powerful remote-sensing tool to understand the physical properties of dust particles orbiting other stars. Scattered light is indeed widely used to characterise the properties of cometary dust in the solar system.Aims.We aim to measure the morphology and scattering properties of the dust from the debris ring around HR 4796 A in polarised optical light.Methods.We obtained high-contrast polarimetric images of HR 4796 A in the wavelength range 600–900 nm with the SPHERE/ZIMPOL instrument on the Very Large Telescope.Results.We measured for the first time the polarised phase function of the dust in a debris system over a wide range of scattering angles in the optical. We confirm that it is incompatible with dust particles being compact spheres under the assumption of the Mie theory, and propose alternative scenarios compatible with the observations, such as particles with irregular surface roughness or aggregate particles.
CD31-positive microvessel density within adenomas of Lynch Syndrome patients is similar compared to adenomas of non-Lynch patients
Authors: Vleugels Jasper , van Neerven Sanne , van Leerdam Monique , Wanders Linda , de Wit Meike , Carvalho Beatriz , Delis-van Diemen Pien , Kallenberg Frank , Vermeulen Louis , Beliën Jeroen , East James , Meijer Gerrit , Dekker Evelien 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Microsatellite instability accelerates colorectal cancer development in patients with Lynch syndrome (LS). Previous research showed that virtual chromoendoscopy increases detection of adenomas during colonoscopy surveillance of patients with LS. Because previous research revealed that Lynch patients have an increased vascular network in the oral mucosa, we hypothesized that increased vascularization of LS-associated adenomas is the cause of better detection with virtual chromoendoscopy.
Patients and methods In this pilot study, patients with LS having a proven germline mutation were selected from two tertiary referral hospitals and non-LS patients from an outpatient colonoscopy center. Adenomas from patients with LS were exactly matched in size and histology with adenomas from non-LS patients. Initial adenoma diagnosis was confirmed by a specialist pathologist. All adenomas were stained with CD31 and adenomatous tissue was annotated by the specialist pathologist. Image analysis of CD31-positive microvessel density was conducted using FIJI software.
Results Colonoscopy of 63 patients with LS and 24 non-LS patients provided 40 adenomas that could be exactly matched in size and histology. In image-analysis, the CD31-positive microvessel density (2.49 % vs. 2.47 %, P = 0.96), the average size of CD31-positive structures (514 μm2 vs. 523 μm2, P = 0.26) nor the amount of vascular structures per mm2 (183 vs. 176, P = 0.50) differed between adenomas of LS patients and non-Lynch patients.
Conclusion The outcomes of this pilot case-control study did not provide further insights into the mechanism of increased adenoma detection in LS patients using virtual chromoendoscopy techniques.
Positionspapier der chirurgischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lehre für die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie zum „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“
Authors: Adili Farzin , Dahmen Uta , Heinemann Markus K. , Kadmon Martina , Kauffels-Sprenger Anne , König Sarah , Meder Adrian , Obertacke Udo , Schwanitz von Keitz Paul , Stefanescu Christina , Sterz Jasmina , Rüsseler Miriam 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDer „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“ der Bundesregierung darf in der Chirurgie keinesfalls als „beiläufiges Werk unter Vielen“ unterschätzt werden. Daher nimmt die chirurgische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lehre (CAL) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie (DGCH) in ihrem Positionspapier zu den geplanten Maßnahmen im „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“ Stellung und diskutiert die Herausforderungen, Konsequenzen und Aufgaben, vor die der „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“ die Fachvertreter der chirurgischen Fachgesellschaften und die in der Lehre engagierten Chirurgen stellt.
Zusammenhang von arbeitsbezogenen psychischen Beanspruchungsfolgen mit subjektiver Schlafqualität und individueller Tagesschläfrigkeit
Authors: Schierholz Robin Sebastian , Darius Sabine , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Psychische Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz bergen ein hohes Gefährdungspotenzial für Gesundheit und Lebensqualität. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, die Zusammenhänge zwischen Beanspruchungsfolgen psychischer Belastung und subjektiver Schlafqualität sowie individueller Tagesschläfrigkeit zu untersuchen.
Methoden Es wurde eine Querschnittsuntersuchung an 84 einbezogenen Probanden durchgeführt. Arbeitsbezogene Beanspruchungsfolgen wurden mit den 3 Skalen Kognitive Irritation (KI), Emotionale Irritation (EI) und Gesamtindex (GI) der Irritations-Skala zur Erfassung arbeitsbezogener Beanspruchungsfolgen (IS), Schlafqualität mit dem Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) und Tagesschläfrigkeit mit der Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) evaluiert.
Ergebnisse Hinsichtlich der erfassten soziodemografischen und medizinischen Daten unterschieden sich die Probanden mit guter nicht von den Probanden mit schlechter Schlafqualität. In allen 3 Skalen der IS und in der ESS erreichten die schlechten Schläfer ungünstig höhere Werte als die guten Schläfer, wobei der Unterschied in Bezug auf die ESS nicht signifikant war. Höhere Punktzahlen in allen 3 Skalen der IS korrelierten mit höheren Werten im PSQI, jedoch lediglich höhere Punktzahlen in der EI aus der IS auch mit höheren Punktzahlen in der ESS.
Diskussion Arbeitsbezogene Beanspruchungsfolgen und subjektive Schlafqualität stehen in einer Wechselbeziehung, der in der heutigen Arbeitswelt eine wichtige Bedeutung zukommt. Wichtige Gesichtspunkte sind hierbei berufliche Unsicherheit und ständige Erreichbarkeit.
Rekonstruktive Mikrochirurgie des sekundären Lymphödems: Konsensus der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße (DAM) zur Indikation, Diagnostik und Therapie mittels Lymphovenöser Anastomosen (LVA) und vaskularisierter Lymphknotentransplantation (VLKT)
Authors: Hirche Christoph , Engel Holger , Seidenstuecker Katrin , Taeger Christian , Machens Hans-Günther , Frick Andreas , Harder Yves 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDas sekundäre Lymphödem ist eine komplexe Erkrankung, die durch chronische Inflammation und reduzierte Immunkompetenz, Ansammlung von Lymphflüssigkeit und Proteinablagerungen sowie sekundärer Fettablagerung und Fibrosierung bei der Stadienmigration charakterisiert ist. Während die Domäne der Behandlung immer noch eine lebenslange komplexe physikalische Entstauungstherapie (KPE) ist, wird der Fokus auf chirurgische Verfahren zur physiologischen Rekonstruktion gesetzt. Die lymphovenösen Anastomosen (LVA) und die freie, vaskularisierte Lymphknotentransplantation (VLKT) sind die am verbreitetsten angewendeten, rekonstruktiven Techniken, die die Wiederherstellung oder Verbesserung der physiologischen Lymphtransportkapzität adressieren. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst die Empfehlungen eines Expertenpanels zur Diagnostik, Indikation und Therapie von LVA und VLKT bei sekundären Lymphödemen während der 40. Jahrestagung der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße (DAM) in Lugano, Schweiz, zusammen und diskutiert sie. Das Expertengremium befasste sich mit der Diagnostik für die lymphorekonstruktive Chirurgie, einschließlich der essentiellen Anwendung der Fluoreszenz-Lymphangiographie mit Indocyaningrün (ICG) und der intraoperativen Navigation für beide Techniken sowie dem „reverse mapping“, um die Rate des Hebestellen-Lymphödems nach VLKT zu reduzieren, sowie die Verwendung von Lymphödem-spezifischen Fragebögen zur Lebensqualität. Sowohl LVA als auch VLKT werden einschließlich Tipps und Tricks zur Identifizierung funktioneller Lymphkollektoren, Ausrüstung, Anastomosenarten und Dokumentation für LVA sowie Auswahl der Spender- und Empfängerstelle, Anzahl der inkludierten Lymphknoten und Herangehensweise an spezifische Spenderstellen, wie z. B. jejunal-mesenterial für den VLKT, beschrieben. Die synchrone und sequentielle Anwendung von LVA, VLKT und/oder ablativer Liposuktion wird vor dem Hintergrund der Wirksamkeit und Morbidität diskutiert. Schließlich werden Empfehlungen zur postoperativen Behandlung und Diagnostik erörtert. Die vorliegende Konsensusarbeit adressiert eine Erhöhung des Standardisierungsgrades der Behandlung für weitere multizentrische Studien im deutschsprachigen Raum in diesem aufstrebenden Gebiet der Lymphödemtherapie.
Internetforen für Patienten mit Prostatakrebs
Authors: Huber Johannes , Thomas Christian , Karschuck Philipp , Muck Tanja , Maatz Philipp , Enders Paul , Maatouk Imad , Ihrig Andreas 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Internetforen sind onlinegestützte Diskussionsrunden, in denen Nutzer untereinander Erfahrungen, Ratschläge und Informationen austauschen. Der Bundesverband Prostatakrebs Selbsthilfe e. V. (BPS) betreibt das größte deutschsprachige Internetforum für Prostatakrebs-Betroffene.
Material und Methoden Mehrere Aspekte des BPS-Forums wurden untersucht: Inhaltsanalyse, Sprachgebrauch und Umgang miteinander, Einfluss auf die Therapieentscheidung, Vergleich mit klassischen Selbsthilfegruppen und die Nutzung durch Angehörige und Freunde.
Ergebnisse Im Internetforum herrscht ein tentativer Kommunikationsstil mit reservierten Sprachmerkmalen vor. Neben dem Informationsaustausch scheint eine emotionale Unterstützung vielen Nutzern sehr willkommen zu sein und stellt einen wesentlichen Teil des Austausches dar. Die Nutzung des Internetforums führt bei 29 % der Patienten zu einer Veränderung der initialen Therapieentscheidung. Im Vergleich mit der Allgemeinbevölkerung fanden wir unter den Nutzern 2- bis 3-mal so hohe Raten an mit Angst und Depression belasteten Patienten. Im Vergleich zu den Patienten selbst zeigen insbesondere Familienmitglieder höhere Werte für Angst und Depression und beschrieben eine höhere Rate an metastasierenden Erkrankungen bei den ihnen bekannten Patienten. Nutzer des Internetforums waren jünger, hatten ein höheres Bildungsniveau und ein höheres Einkommen als Teilnehmer an klassischen Selbsthilfegruppen.
Schlussfolgerung Internetforen werden von ihren Nutzern positiv bewertet und tragen zur Informationssammlung und zur emotionalen Unterstützung bei. Sie haben wahrscheinlich einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die primäre Behandlungsentscheidung und gestalten so die Versorgungswirklichkeit bei Prostatakarzinompatienten aktiv mit.
Development and Prospective Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Risk of Readmission Model in a Large Military Hospital
Authors: Eckert Carly , Nieves-Robbins Neris , Spieker Elena , Louwers Tom , Hazel David , Marquardt James , Solveson Keith , Zahid Anam , Ahmad Muhammad , Barnhill Richard , McKelvey T. , Marshall Robert , Shry Eric , Teredesai Ankur 
Published: May 2019

Background Thirty-day hospital readmissions are a quality metric for health care systems. Predictive models aim to identify patients likely to readmit to more effectively target preventive strategies. Many risk of readmission models have been developed on retrospective data, but prospective validation of readmission models is rare. To the best of our knowledge, none of these developed models have been evaluated or prospectively validated in a military hospital.
Objectives The objectives of this study are to demonstrate the development and prospective validation of machine learning (ML) risk of readmission models to be utilized by clinical staff at a military medical facility and demonstrate the collaboration between the U.S. Department of Defense's integrated health care system and a private company.
Methods We evaluated multiple ML algorithms to develop a predictive model for 30-day readmissions using data from a retrospective cohort of all-cause inpatient readmissions at Madigan Army Medical Center (MAMC). This predictive model was then validated on prospective MAMC patient data. Precision, recall, accuracy, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate model performance. The model was revised, retrained, and rescored on additional retrospective MAMC data after the prospective model's initial performance was evaluated.
Results Within the initial retrospective cohort, which included 32,659 patient encounters, the model achieved an AUC of 0.68. During prospective scoring, 1,574 patients were scored, of whom 152 were readmitted within 30 days of discharge, with an all-cause readmission rate of 9.7%. The AUC of the prospective predictive model was 0.64. The model achieved an AUC of 0.76 after revision and addition of further retrospective data.
Conclusion This work reflects significant collaborative efforts required to operationalize ML models in a complex clinical environment such as that seen in an integrated health care system and the importance of prospective model validation.
Latissimus Denervation: A Review of Evidence
Authors: Lopez Christopher D. , Kraenzlin Franca , Frost Christopher , Darrach Halley , Aravind Pathik , Sacks Justin M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background Breast reconstruction is becoming an increasingly important and accessible component of breast cancer care. Among the many reconstructive options available, the latissimus dorsi flap has experienced a renewal in popularity because of its favorable properties and outcomes when used for breast reconstruction. However, a limitation unique to latissimus-based reconstruction is inappropriate breast animation postoperatively, due to persistent thoracodorsal innervation of the latissimus dorsi muscle after transfer to the mastectomy site.
Methods A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE was conducted for studies investigating the role of thoracodorsal denervation in latissimus-based breast reconstruction. Data on surgical techniques, type of intervention, objective outcome measurements, and patient satisfaction-based outcomes were reported. Additional data included patient sample size, follow-up length, and treatment of thoracodorsal nerve (e.g., resection versus transection and length of transection) when applicable.
Results Sixty-six search results were reviewed for inclusion and nine qualified after exclusion criteria for a total of 361 patients undergoing either unilateral or bilateral latissimus flap reconstruction. Successful thoracodorsal denervation rates were included in most studies and outcomes measurements were heterogeneous. Eight out of nine studies included patient-reported symptoms of breast animation postoperatively. Based on these findings, a systematic approach is presented.
Conclusion We present this review to elucidate successful practices, identify current gaps in knowledge, and offer a systematic approach to this clinical challenge.
Early Detection of Vascular Obstruction in Microvascular Flaps Using a Thermographic Camera
Authors: Cruz-Segura Alejandro , Cruz-Domínguez María P. , Jara Luis J. , Miliar-García Ángel , Hernández-Soler Alejandro , Grajeda-López Pedro , Martínez-Bencomo Michel A. , Montes-Cortés Daniel H. 
Published: May 2019

Background In microsurgical reconstruction, vascular obstruction occurs in approximately 20% of patients. Close monitoring is central to their care. Clinical/Doppler detection of vascular obstruction could be enhanced by thermography.
Methods A diagnostic test design included consecutive cases of hospitalized patients, ≥18 years old, who underwent surgery with free flaps. Two researchers separately evaluated patients with clinical/Doppler methods and thermographic camera hourly for 24 hours, every 2 hours for the next 24 hours, and then every 3 hours until discharge. The gold standard was visualization of thrombus or vascular obstruction during surgical reintervention. Sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value (PPV/NPV), and a delta temperature receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated.
Results A total of 2,364 tests were performed with a thermographic camera in 40 patients (31 females, 9 males) aged 50.12 ± 9.7 years. There were 28 deep inferior epigastric perforator, 5 anterolateral thigh, 3 radial, 2 scapular, 1 fibular, and 1 anteromedial thigh flaps included. Six (15%) had postoperative vascular obstruction (5 venous and 1 arterial). One flap developed partial necrosis and one total necrosis (overall survival 97.5%). ROC curve (area 0.97) showed the best results at ≥ 1.8°C of difference to the surrounding skin. Considering two consecutive positive evaluations, the sensitivity was 93%, specificity 96%, PPV 57%, and NPV 99%. The thermal imaging camera allows to identify the obstruction between 2 and 12 hours before the clinical method.
Conclusion Utilizing a thermographic camera can reduce detection time of vascular obstruction by several hours in microvascular free flaps that include the cutaneous island. This method proves useful for early diagnosis of postoperative vascular obstruction.
Spectroscopy of the quadrupole clock transition of ytterbium-171 ions for optical frequency standard development
Authors: Chepurov S.V. , Lugovoy A.A. , Prudnikov O.N. , Taichenachev A.V. , Bagayev S.N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We outline the results of the spectroscopic investigation of the quadrupole transition of a single ytterbium-171 ion as applied to the development of an optical frequency standard with a relative uncertainty and long-term frequency instability of less than 10−17. The spectral width of the resonance recorded at the centre transition frequency amounts to about 30 Hz.
Interatomic interactions and thermally induced shifts and broadenings of energy levels of atoms in circular Rydberg states
Authors: Kamenski A.A. , Ovsiannikov V.D. , Glukhov I.L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Analytical expressions are obtained for the constants determining the energy of the long-range (at large distances exceeding the LeRoy radius R
LR ≈ 4n
2) polarisation interaction of the multipole electric moments of two atoms in identical Rydberg states with large principal (n) and maximum orbital (l) and magnetic (m) quantum numbers (|m| = l = n − 1). Asymptotic expansions in powers of n are found for the components of the van der Waals interaction tensor, which determine the dependence of the dispersion energy on the orientation of the interatomic axis. The spontaneous and thermally induced broadenings of the energy levels of circular states are represented analytically as functions of the principal quantum number and temperature. It is found that analytical formulae for the sum of spontaneous and thermally induced line widths in the region of high temperatures and large principal quantum numbers (assuming n
3
k
B
T >> 1) do not contain a temperature-independent contribution of the spontaneous part of the broadening. Closed analytical expressions are also obtained for the Farley − Wing function and for the n- and T-dependent corrections to the asymptotic behaviour of the thermally induced shift.
Intrinsic conformational dynamics of the HIV-1 genomic RNA 5′UTR
Authors: Brigham Benjamin S. , Kitzrow Jonathan P. , Reyes Joshua-Paolo C. , Musier-Forsyth Karin , Munro James B. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Here we have directly visualized conformational changes in the 5′UTR of the HIV-1 genome using single-molecule fluorescence techniques. We find that the monomeric 5′UTR can spontaneously transition between two conformations, which have distinct intramolecular base pairing. One of the observed conformations is competent for dimerization with a second 5′UTR molecule. Our results are consistent with a model in which dimerization initiates by way of localized intermolecular kissing-loop base pairing, which is promoted by tRNA primer annealing. The intermolecular interface then extends, giving rise to the putative extended dimer, which is stabilized by HIV-1 NC. Thus, the 5′UTR is intrinsically dynamic, and both viral and host factors play a role in modulating the RNA conformation and dynamics.