bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of flavoured tobacco restriction policies on flavoured product availability in Massachusetts
Authors: Kingsley Melody , Song Glory , Robertson Jennifer , Henley Patricia , Ursprung W W Sanouri 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of flavoured tobacco product restriction policies in reducing availability of flavoured products in Massachusetts communities.MethodsData were obtained from surveys of tobacco retailers conducted from July 2015 to March 2017. On a community level, flavoured product availability was defined as the per cent of retailers during a given 3-month quarter that sold flavoured cigars/cigarillos, electronic cigarettes and/or e-liquids. Communities that implemented the policy during the study period were grouped into wave 1 (n=18; 1481 retail surveys) and wave 2 (n=20; 483 retail surveys) by date of policy implementation; communities without a flavoured product restriction served as the control group (n=234; 4932 retail surveys). A difference-in-difference analysis was used to compare the change in flavoured product availability in wave 1 and wave 2 communities 3 months pre-policy and post-policy implementation to the change over the same time periods in the control group.ResultsFrom pre-policy to post-policy implementation period, communities in both waves experienced significant reductions in flavoured product availability (ranging from 27.2% to 50.9%), even after adjusting for community-level characteristics. In both waves 1 and 2, reductions in flavoured product availability were significantly greater compared with comparison communities during the same time frame, adjusting for community-level characteristics.ConclusionsCompliance with flavoured product restriction policies is high among tobacco retailers throughout Massachusetts, regardless of community demographic and retail characteristics. Reduced availability of flavoured tobacco in the retail environment has the potential to reduce youth exposure, access and use of these products.
First-principles study on the structural, elastic and electronic properties of the four Si3Sb4 compounds
Authors: Yang Ruike , Chai Bao , Wei Qun , Xue Minhua , Zhou Ye 
Published: February 2019

For novel [Formula: see text]-Si3Sb4, pseudocubic-Si3Sb4, cubic-Si3Sb4 and [Formula: see text]-Si3Sb4, the structural, elastic and electronic properties are investigated using first-principles density functional theory (DFT). The elastic constants and phonon dispersion spectra show that they are mechanically and dynamically stable. The bulk moduli, shear moduli, Young’s moduli, Poisson’s ratios and Pugh ratios for the four compounds have been calculated. The bulk moduli indicate that the bond strength of [Formula: see text]-Si3Sb4 is stronger than others. The values of the Poisson’s ratios and Pugh ratios show that pseudocubic-Si3Sb4 is the stiffest among the four Si3Sb4 compounds. Tetragonal Si3Sb4 are more brittle than cubic Si3Sb4. For the four Si3Sb4 compounds, the elastic anisotropies are analyzed via the anisotropic indexes and the 3D surface constructions. The [Formula: see text]-Si3Sb4 elastic anisotropy is stronger than others and the [Formula: see text]-Si3Sb4 is weaker than others. The calculated band structures show that they exhibit metallic features. The results of their TDOS show that there are many similarities. The peaks of TDOS are derived from the contributions of Si “s”, Si “p”, Sb “s” and Sb “p” states.
Divide and Compact — Stochastic Space Compaction for Faster-than-at-Speed Test
Authors: Sprenger Alexander , Hellebrand Sybille 
Published: February 2019

With shrinking feature sizes detecting small delay faults is getting more and more important. But not all small delay faults are detectable during at-speed test. By overclocking the circuit with several different test frequencies faster-than-at-speed test (FAST) is able to detect these hidden delay faults. If the clock frequency is increased, some outputs of the circuit may not have stabilized yet, and these outputs have to be considered as unknown ([Formula: see text]-values). These [Formula: see text]-values impede the test response compaction. In addition, the number and distribution of the [Formula: see text]-values vary with the clock frequency, and thus a very flexible [Formula: see text]-handling is needed for FAST. Most of the state-of-the-art solutions are not designed for these varying [Formula: see text]-profiles. Yet, the stochastic compactor by Mitra et al. can be adjusted to changing environments. It is easily programmable because it is controlled by weighted pseudo-random signals. But an optimal setup cannot be guaranteed in a FAST scenario. By partitioning the compactor into several smaller ones and a proper mapping of the scan outputs to the compactor inputs, the compactor can be better adapted to the varying [Formula: see text]-profiles. Finding the best setup can be formulated as a set partitioning problem. To solve this problem, several algorithms are presented. Experimental results show that independent from the scan chain configuration, the number of [Formula: see text]-values can be reduced significantly while the fault efficiency can be maintained. Additionally, it is shown that [Formula: see text]-reduction and fault efficiency can be adapted to user-defined goals.
Characterization of quasi-Yetter–Drinfeld modules
Authors: Zhu Haixing , Liu Guohua , Yang Tao 
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we characterize quasi-Yetter–Drinfeld modules over a Hopf algebra [Formula: see text], which was introduced in [Y. Bazlov and A. Berenstein, Braided doubles and rational Cherednik algebras, Adv. Math. 220 (2009), 1466–1530]. We first show that the quasi-Drinfeld center of the category of [Formula: see text]-modules is equivalent to the category [Formula: see text] of quasi-Yetter–Drinfeld modules. Next, we prove that [Formula: see text] is equivalent to the category of generalized Hopf bimodules. Finally, we show that [Formula: see text] is also equivalent to the category of quasi-coactions over some Majid’s braided group if [Formula: see text] is quasi-triangular.
Chemical traffic light: A self-calibrating naked-eye sensor for fluoride
Authors: D’Andrea Alessia , Pomarico Giuseppe , Nardis Sara , Paolesse Roberto , Di Natale Corrado , Lvova Larisa 
Published: February 2019

We report a low-cost sensing platform for effective naked-eye detection of fluoride ion in aqueous media. The sensor is based on silicon complex of 5,10,15-tritolylcorrole (SiTTCorr) deposited on paper support and designed in a particular way that permits it to perform in a unique sensing event an internal sensor self-calibration and subsequent analysis of fluoride ion in a concentration range from 20 [Formula: see text]g/L to 200 mg/L with a LOD 9 [Formula: see text]g/L, much lower than the WHO guideline value of 1.5 mg/L for fluoride in drinking water. The influence of tetradodecylammonium chloride (TDACl) anion exchanger addition to the performance of SiTTCorr-based sensors was studied and the sensor with optimal ionophore: exchanger [Formula: see text] 2:1 ratio demonstrated the highest sensitivity. The evident color variation of SiTTCorr-based optode from dark pink to intense green occurred upon addition of increasing concentrations of fluoride. A smartphone application equipped with home-written color intensity analysis software as a detector of developed sensor output permitted fluoride content quantification in bottled water and toothpaste samples. Moreover, since at the quantification step the SiTTCorr color variation was significant for the red component of visible light and increase of fluoride content evidently changed this color from red to yellow and then to green, the developed optode was compared to a kind of chemical traffic light, able to detect the presence of fluoride in permitted, borderline or dangerous concentrations, respectively.
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Acts as a Metabolic Gate for Mobilization of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Travelli Cristina , Consonni Francesca Maria , Sangaletti Sabina , Storto Mariangela , Morlacchi Sara , Grolla Ambra A. , Galli Ubaldina , Tron Gian Cesare , Portararo Paola , Rimassa Lorenza , Pressiani Tiziana , Mazzone Massimiliano , Trovato Rosalinda , Ugel Stefano , Bronte Vincenzo , Tripodo Claudio , Colombo Mario P. , Genazzani Armando A. , Sica Antonio 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Cancer induces alteration of hematopoiesis to fuel disease progression. We report that in tumor-bearing mice the macrophage colony-stimulating factor elevates the myeloid cell levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway, which acts as negative regulator of the CXCR4 retention axis of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. NAMPT inhibits CXCR4 through a NAD/Sirtuin 1–mediated inactivation of HIF1α-driven CXCR4 gene transcription, leading to mobilization of immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and enhancing their production of suppressive nitric oxide. Pharmacologic inhibition or myeloid-specific ablation of NAMPT prevented MDSC mobilization, reactivated specific antitumor immunity, and enhanced the antitumor activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Our findings identify NAMPT as a metabolic gate of MDSC precursor function, providing new opportunities to reverse tumor immunosuppression and to restore clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with cancer.

Significance:
These findings identify NAMPT as a metabolic gate of MDSC precursor function, providing new opportunities to reverse tumor immunosuppression and to restore clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients.
Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Immune Response to Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Poźniak Joanna , Nsengimana Jérémie , Laye Jonathan P. , O’Shea Sally J. , Diaz Joey Mark S. , Droop Alastair P. , Filia Anastasia , Harland Mark , Davies John R. , Mell Tracey , Randerson-Moor Juliette A. , Muralidhar Sathya , Hogan Sabrina A. , Freiberger Sandra Nicole , Levesque Mitchell P. , Cook Graham P. , Bishop D. Timothy , Newton-Bishop Julia 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The immune response to melanoma improves the survival in untreated patients and predicts the response to immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we report genetic and environmental predictors of the immune response in a large primary cutaneous melanoma cohort. Bioinformatic analysis of 703 tumor transcriptomes was used to infer immune cell infiltration and to categorize tumors into immune subgroups, which were then investigated for association with biological pathways, clinicopathologic factors, and copy number alterations. Three subgroups, with “low”, “intermediate”, and “high” immune signals, were identified in primary tumors and replicated in metastatic tumors. Genes in the low subgroup were enriched for cell-cycle and metabolic pathways, whereas genes in the high subgroup were enriched for IFN and NF-κB signaling. We identified high MYC expression partially driven by amplification, HLA-B downregulation, and deletion of IFNγ and NF-κB pathway genes as the regulators of immune suppression. Furthermore, we showed that cigarette smoking, a globally detrimental environmental factor, modulates immunity, reducing the survival primarily in patients with a strong immune response. Together, these analyses identify a set of factors that can be easily assessed that may serve as predictors of response to immunotherapy in patients with melanoma.

Significance:
These findings identify novel genetic and environmental modulators of the immune response against primary cutaneous melanoma and predict their impact on patient survival.
See related commentary by Anichini, p. 2457
A Phase II Study of Alisertib in Children with Recurrent/Refractory Solid Tumors or Leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Phase I and Pilot Consortium (ADVL0921)
Authors: Mossé Yael P. , Fox Elizabeth , Teachey David T. , Reid Joel M. , Safgren Stephanie L. , Carol Hernan , Lock Richard B. , Houghton Peter J. , Smith Malcolm A. , Hall David , Barkauskas Donald A. , Krailo Mark , Voss Stephan D. , Berg Stacey L. , Blaney Susan M. , Weigel Brenda J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurpose:Aurora A kinase (AAK) plays an integral role in mitotic entry, DNA damage checkpoint recovery, and centrosome and spindle maturation. Alisertib (MLN8237) is a potent and selective AAK inhibitor. In pediatric preclinical models, antitumor activity was observed in neuroblastoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and sarcoma xenografts. We conducted a phase 2 trial of alisertib in pediatric patients with refractory or recurrent solid tumors or acute leukemias (NCT01154816).Patients and Methods:Alisertib (80 mg/m2/dose) was administered orally, daily for 7 days every 21 days. Pharmacogenomic (PG) evaluation for polymorphisms in the AURK gene and drug metabolizing enzymes (UGT1A1*28), and plasma pharmacokinetic studies (PK) were performed. Using a 2-stage design, patients were enrolled to 12 disease strata (10 solid tumor and 2 acute leukemia). Response was assessed after cycle 1, then every other cycle.Results:A total of 139 children and adolescents (median age, 10 years) were enrolled, 137 were evaluable for response. Five objective responses were observed (2 complete responses and 3 partial responses). The most frequent toxicity was myelosuppression. The median alisertib trough concentration on day 4 was 1.3 μmol/L, exceeding the 1 μmol/L target trough concentration in 67% of patients. No correlations between PG or PK and toxicity were observed.Conclusions:Despite alisertib activity in pediatric xenograft models and cogent pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships in preclinical models and adults, the objective response rate in children and adolescents receiving single-agent alisertib was less than 5%.
ЗМІНИ ФІБРИНОЛІТИЧНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ КРОВІ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ІШЕМІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ СЕРЦЯ І СУПУТНІМ ЦУКРОВИМ ДІАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПУ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД КОМПЕНСАЦІЇ
Authors: Zolotukhina Yu. O. 
Published: February 2019

Порушення в системі гемостазу мають серйозний вплив на перебіг захворювання і наявність ускладнень у пацієнтів із коморбідним перебігом ішемічної хвороби серця (ІХС) та цукрового діабету (ЦД) 2 типу.
Мета дослідження – оцінити та проаналізувати показники фібринолізу в різних групах пацієнтів з ішемічною хворобою серця та супутнім цукровим діабетом 2 типу залежно від стадії компенсації останнього.
Матеріали і методи. В ході дослідження фібринолітичної системи обстежено 52 хворих, яких госпіталізовано в кардіологічне та ендокринологічне відділення Київської клінічної лікарні на залізничному транспорті № 2 з клінічними ознаками ІХС. Пацієнтів поділили на три групи: перша – 27 осіб із ІХС у поєднанні з ЦД 2 типу в стадії субкомпенсації, друга – 14 хворих у стадії компенсації та третя 11 пацієнтів у стадії декомпенсації.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Проаналізувавши дані, ми виявили знижений рівень плазміногену при субкомпенсації на 15,5 % (р<0,001), при компенсації – на 13 (р<0,001), при декомпенсації – на 17,2 % (р<0,05), а також значне підвищення активності показників Хагеманзалежного фібринолізу (в 2,09 раза (р<0,001), 2,2 (р<0,001), 2,3 раза (р<0,001) відповідно) та інгібітора активатора плазміногену-1 (на 20 % (р<0,001), 19,8 % (р<0,001), 26 % (р<0,001). І як наслідок, при виявлених змінах показників фібринолізу ми спостерігаємо значне подовження частково-еуглобулінового лізису: на 49,8 % (р<0,001) при субкомпенсації, на 55,4 % (р<0,001) при компенсації, на 55,7 % (р<0,001) при декомпенсації.
Висновки. У пацієнтів із коморбідним перебігом ІХС та ЦД 2 типу на різних стадіях компенсації ми спостерігали пригнічення активності фібринолітичного потенціалу крові. Але у хворих на ЦД 2 типу в стадії декомпенсації він найвираженіший, що можливо є причиною частого розвитку мікро- та макросудинних ускладнень у цій групі хворих.
Evaluation of Glomerular Hemodynamic Function by Empagliflozin in Diabetic Mice Using In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Kidokoro Kengo , Cherney David Z.I. , Bozovic Andrea , Nagasu Hajime , Satoh Minoru , Kanda Eiichiro , Sasaki Tamaki , Kashihara Naoki 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors may reduce kidney hyperfiltration, thereby preventing diabetic kidney disease progression, which may in turn reduce cardiovascular risk, including heart failure. However, the mechanisms that regulate renal function responses to sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition are not yet fully understood. We explored the renal protective effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin, with a focus on glomerular hemodynamic effects and tubuloglomerular feedback using in vivo multiphoton microscopy imaging techniques.

Methods:

C57BL/6 mice and spontaneously diabetic

Ins2
+/Akita

mice were studied. The mice were treated with empagliflozin (20 mg·kg
–1
·d
–1
) and insulin for 4 weeks, and the single-nephron glomerular filtration rate was measured using multiphoton microscope. A neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (7-nitroindazole, 20 mg·kg
–1
·d
–1
) or a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (SC58236, 6 mg/L), or an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, 1 mg·kg
–1
·d
–1
) was administered to elucidate the mechanisms of tubuloglomerular feedback signaling and single-nephron glomerular filtration rate regulation.

Results:

The urinary excretion of adenosine, nitric oxide metabolites, and the prostanoid prostaglandin E2 was also quantified. The single-nephron glomerular filtration rate in the

Ins2
+/Akita

group was higher than in controls (C57BL/6; 4.9±1.3 nL/min versus

Ins2
+/Akita

; 15.8±6.8 nL/min) and lower in

Ins2
+/Akita

/empagliflozin to 8.0±3.3 nL/min (
P
<0.01). In vivo imaging also revealed concomitant afferent arteriolar dilation (
P
<0.01) and increased glomerular permeability of albumin in the

Ins2
+/Akita

group. Empagliflozin ameliorated these changes (
P
<0.01). Urinary adenosine excretion in the

Ins2
+/Akita

/empagliflozin group was higher than in

Ins2
+/Akita

(

Ins2
+/Akita

; 3.4±1.4 nmol/d,

Ins2
+/Akita

/empagliflozin; 11.2±3.0 nmol/d,
P
<0.05), whereas nitric oxide metabolites and prostaglandin E2 did not differ. A1 adenosine receptor antagonism, but not neuronal nitric oxide synthase or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition, blocked the effect of empagliflozin on renal function. Empagliflozin increased urinary adenosine excretion and reduced hyperfiltration via afferent arteriolar constriction, effects that were abolished by A1 adenosine receptor blockade.

Conclusions:
Adenosine/A1 adenosine receptor pathways play a pivotal role in the regulation of the single-nephron glomerular filtration rate via tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms in response to sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition, which may contribute to renal and cardiovascular protective effects reported in clinical trials.
Associations of Unhealthy Food Environment With the Development of Coronary Artery Calcification: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Kelman Julie , Pool Lindsay R. , Gordon‐Larsen Penny , Carr J. Jeffrey , Terry James G. , Rana Jamal S. , Kershaw Kiarri N. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundWhile prior studies have linked the neighborhood environment and development of subclinical atherosclerosis, it is unknown whether living in neighborhoods with greater availability of “unhealthy” food outlets (fast‐food chain restaurants and convenience stores) is associated with risk of developing coronary artery calcification (CAC).Methods and ResultsWe included 2706CARDIAstudy (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) participants who underwentCACmeasurement during follow‐up years 15 (2000–2001), 20 (2005–2006), and 25 (2010–2011). Neighborhood features examined included percentage of all food outlets that were convenience stores and fast‐food chain restaurants within a 3‐km Euclidean buffer distance from each participant's residence. Econometric fixed effects models, which by design control for all time‐invariant covariates, were used to model the longitudinal association between simultaneous within‐person change in percentage food outlet and change inCAC. At baseline (year 15), 9.7% of participants had prevalentCAC. During 10 years of follow‐up, 21.1% of participants developedCAC. Each 1‐SD increase in percentage of convenience stores was associated with a 1.34 higher odds of developingCAC(95%CI: 1.04, 1.72) after adjusting for individual‐ and neighborhood‐level covariates; however, there was no significant association between increased percentage of fast‐food chain restaurants and developingCAC(odds ratio=1.15; 95%CI: 0.96, 1.38). There were no significant associations between increases in either food outlet percentage and progression ofCAC.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that increases in the relative availability of convenience stores in participants' neighborhoods is related to the development ofCACover time.
Religion and the Arts: History and Method
Authors: Apostolos-Cappadona Diane 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn Religion and the Arts: History and Method, Diane Apostolos-Cappadona presents an overview of the 19th century origins of this discrete field of study and its methodological journey to the present-day through issues of repatriation, museum exhibitions, and globalization. Apostolos-Cappadona suggests that the fluidity and flexibility of the study of religion and the arts has expanded like an umbrella since the 1970s—and the understanding that art was simply a visual exegesis of texts—to now support the study of material, popular, and visual culture, as well as gender. She also delivers a careful analysis of the evolution of thought from traditional iconographies to the transformations once scholars were influenced by response theory and challenged by globalization and technology. Religion and the Arts: History and Method offers an indispensable introduction to the questions and perspectives essential to the study of this field.
Hydroclimate Variability in Snow-Fed River Systems: Local Water Managers’ Perspectives on Adapting to the New Normal
Authors: Sterle Kelley , Hatchett Benjamin J. , Singletary Loretta , Pohll Greg 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBetween water years 2012 and 2017, the Truckee–Carson river system in the western United States experienced both historic-low and record-high Sierra Nevada snowpack, anomalously warm temperatures, and winter and spring flooding. As part of an ongoing collaborative modeling research program in the river system, researchers conduct annual interviews with key local water managers to characterize local climate adaptation strategies and implementation barriers, and identify science information needs to prioritize ongoing research activities. This article presents new findings from a third wave of interviews conducted with the same water managers following the historic 2017 wet year. Comparison of these data suggests that managers increased their adaptation efforts described during previous consecutive drought years (2015 and 2016). In 2017, comparatively fewer managers described climate uncertainty as an implementation barrier, exemplifying recent hydroclimate variability as the “new normal” climate for which they should plan. An assessment of recent conditions reveals that recent water years bound historical observations and are consistent with estimated paleoclimate extremes in terms of magnitude, but not persistence, of both dry and wet conditions. Comparison to projected future climate conditions affirms managers’ perspectives that increased hydroclimate variability, inclusive of drought and flood extremes, defines the new normal climate anticipated for the region. To support long-term adaptation planning, managers requested that researchers prioritize simulations of alternative water management strategies that account for nonstationary climate patterns and quantify implications system-wide. This article illustrates how interdisciplinary research that integrates local knowledge with applied climate science research can support adaptive water management in snow-fed river systems.