bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogeny of Omaliinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and its implications for evolution of atypically long elytra in rove beetles
Authors: Kim Tae‐Kyu , Song Jeong‐Hun , Thayer Margaret K. , Ahn Kee‐Jeong 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTStaphylinidae, or rove beetles, are a megadiverse family known for their typically very short elytra exposing most of the abdomen, but the putatively early‐derived subfamily Omaliinae and its relatives have been known to include multiple taxa with unusually long elytra. The ancestral elytral length of the family and of this subfamily have long been debated. We present a phylogenetic analysis of Omaliinae based on partial mitochondrial COI (1488 bp), COII (366 bp), 12S rDNA (353 bp), nuclear 18S rDNA (1814 bp), 28S rDNA (876 bp) and CAD (869 bp) data. In all, 51 species in 31 genera and four outgroup species were included. The concatenated sequences were analysed by both parsimony‐ and model‐based (Bayesian and maximum likelihood) methods. The subfamily Omaliinae was not supported as a monophyletic group. The model‐based analyses (Bayesian and maximum likelihood trees) showed Empelinae nested within Omaliinae (excluding Corneolabiini), whereas parsimony analysis found all three putative ingroup subfamilies, Empelinae, Glypholomatinae and Microsilphinae, grouped within Omaliinae. Within the Omaliinae, the tribes Coryphiini and Eusphalerini were each supported as monophyletic, whereas Anthophagini and Omaliini were each nonmonophyletic. We hypothesize that there have been at least four independent origins of long elytra from short elytra in the omaliine lineage.
Maize HSFA2 and HSBP2 antagonistically modulate raffinose biosynthesis and heat tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gu Lei , Jiang Tao , Zhang Chunxia , Li Xudong , Wang Chunmei , Zhang Yumin , Li Tao , Dirk Lynnette M. A. , Downie A. Bruce , Zhao Tianyong 
Published: June 2019

SummaryRaffinose is thought to play an important role in plant tolerance of abiotic stress. We report here that maize HEAT SHOCK FACTOR A2 (ZmHSFA2) and HEAT SHOCK BINDING PROTEIN 2 (ZmHSBP2) physically interact with each other and antagonistically modulate expression of GALACTINOL SYNTHASE2 (ZmGOLS2) and raffinose biosynthesis in transformed maize protoplasts and Arabidopsis plants. Overexpression of ZmHSFA2 in Arabidopsis increased the expression of Arabidopsis AtGOLS1, AtGOLS2 and AtRS5 (RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE), increased the raffinose content in leaves and enhanced plant heat stress tolerance. Contrary to ZmHSFA2, overexpression of ZmHSBP2 in Arabidopsis decreased expression of AtGOLS1, AtGOLS2 and AtRS5, decreased the raffinose content in leaves and reduced plant heat stress tolerance. ZmHSFA2 and ZmHSBP2 also interact with their Arabidopsis counterparts AtHSBP and AtHSFA2 as determined using bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. Furthermore, endogenous ZmHSBP2 and Rluc, controlled by the ZmHSBP2 promoter, are transcriptionally activated by ZmHSFA2 and inhibited by ZmHSBP2 in maize protoplasts. These findings provide insights into the transcriptional regulation of raffinose biosynthetic genes, and the tolerance their product confers to plant heat stress.
Implications of region‐specific gene expression for development of the partially fused petunia corolla
Authors: Preston Jill C. , Powers Beck , Kostyun Jamie L. , Driscoll Heather , Zhang Fan , Zhong Jinshun 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAngiosperm petal fusion (sympetaly) has evolved multiple times independently and is associated with increased specificity between plants and their pollinators. To uncover developmental genetic changes that might have led to the evolution of sympetaly in the asterid core eudicot genus Petunia (Solanaceae), we carried out global and fine‐scale gene expression analyses in different regions of the corolla. We found that, despite several similarities with the choripetalous model species Arabidopsis thaliana in the proximal–distal transcriptome, the Petunia axillaris fused and proximal corolla tube expresses several genes that in A. thaliana are associated with the distal petal region. This difference aligns with variation in petal shape and fusion across ontogeny of the two species. Moreover, differential gene expression between the unfused lobes and fused tube of P. axillaris petals revealed three strong candidate genes for sympetaly based on functional annotation in organ boundary specification. Partial silencing of one of these, the HANABA TARANU (HAN)‐like gene PhGATA19, resulted in reduced fusion of Petunia hybrida petals, with silencing of both PhGATA19 and its close paralog causing premature plant senescence. Finally, detailed expression analyses for the previously characterized organ boundary gene candidate NO APICAL MERISTEM (NAM) supports the hypothesis that it establishes boundaries between most P. axillaris floral organs, with the exception of boundaries between petals.
Debris-flow volume quantile prediction from catchment morphometry
Authors: de Haas Tjalling , Densmore Alexander L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Estimation of the volumes of potential future debris flows is a key factor in hazard assessment and mitigation. Worldwide, however, there are few catchments for which detailed volume-frequency information is available. We (1) reconstructed volume-frequency curves for 10 debris-flow catchments in Saline Valley, California (USA), from a large number of well-preserved, unmodified surficial flow deposits, and (2) assessed the correlations between lobe-volume quantiles and a set of morphometric catchment characteristics. We found statistically significant correlations between lobe-volume quantiles, including median and maximum, and catchment relief, length (planimetric distance from the fan apex to the most distant point along the watershed boundary), perimeter, and Melton ratio (relief divided by the square root of catchment area). These findings show that it may be possible to roughly estimate debris-flow lobe-volume quantiles from basic catchment characteristics that can be obtained from globally available elevation data. This may assist in design-volume estimation for debris-flow catchments where past flow volumes are otherwise unknown.
Late Oligocene–early Miocene transformation of postcollisional magmatism in Tibet
Authors: Guo Zhengfu , Wilson Marjorie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is thought to be one of the most important orogenic and climate forcing events of the Cenozoic Era, associated with geodynamic changes related to India-Asia collision and subsequent continental lithosphere subduction. However, the fate and scale of the subducted continental lithosphere segments remain highly controversial. Using a comprehensive compilation of the spatiotemporal distribution of postcollisional magmatic rocks across Tibet, together with new geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data and modeling simulations, we propose a holistic, two-stage evolutionary model to explain the link between genesis of the magmas and continental subduction. The magmatism prior to 25 Ma resulted from continuous upwelling of a carbonate-rich upper-mantle plume induced by northward underthrusting of Indian oceanic and continental lithosphere with its cover of Tethyan platform carbonate sediments, whereas magmatism after 25 Ma was related to opposing north-directed and south-directed continental subduction. Our model indicates a transformation in the distribution and nature of the magmatism in Tibet at ca. 25 Ma, which reflects a significant change in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen and associated mantle dynamic processes in the early Miocene. Understanding this transformation could have important implications for the utility of the Himalayan-Tibetan system as a modern analogue for ancient orogens.
Large near-surface block rotations at normal faults of the Iceland rift: Evolution of tectonic caves and dilatancy
Authors: Kettermann Michael , Weismüller Christopher , von Hagke Christoph , Reicherter Klaus , Urai Janos L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Surface ramps in normal fault zones of the Iceland plate boundary have been described in many studies, but their structure and evolution are not well understood. We show that surface ramps are manifestations of large tilted blocks (TBs) formed in dip relays of normal faults. Based on existing modeling studies, we propose three classes of TBs defined by kinematics and location of the hinge of the TB. TBs are considered a member of the family of fault relay structures that form near the surface, commonly, but not exclusively, in columnar basalts with orthotropic strength. We present high-resolution aerial vehicle–based observations of a representative set of normal faults in Iceland and compare these with geometric models we derived from modeling studies. We predict extensive tectonic cave (fluid conduit) systems under the TB, which interact with magma and groundwater flow. The general fault structure is dominated by large, subvertical open fractures reactivating cooling joints that are locally filled by basalt rubble. We propose the existence of a hybrid failure zone at larger depths before the effective vertical stress is sufficient to initiate shear fractures in intact basalt.
Time before return to play for the most common injuries in professional football: a 16-year follow-up of the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study
Authors: Ekstrand Jan , Krutsch Werner , Spreco Armin , van Zoest Wart , Roberts Craig , Meyer Tim , Bengtsson Håkan 
Published: June 2019

Objectives
The objective was to describe the typical duration of absence following the most common injury diagnoses in professional football.

Methods
Injuries were registered by medical staff members of football clubs participating in the Union of European Football Association Elite Club Injury Study. Duration of absence due to an injury was defined by the number of days that passed between the date of the injury occurrence and the date when the medical team allowed the player to return to full participation. In total, 22 942 injuries registered during 494 team-seasons were included in the study.

Results
The 31 most common injury diagnoses constituted a total of 78 % of all reported injuries. Most of these injuries were either mild (leading to a median absence of 7 days or less, 6440 cases = 42%) or moderate (median absence: 7–28 days, 56% = 8518 cases) while only few (2% = 311 cases) were severe (median absence of >28 days). The mean duration of absence from training and competition was significantly different (p < 0.05) between index injuries and re-injuries for six diagnoses (Achilles tendon pain, calf muscle injury, groin adductor pain, hamstring muscle injuries and quadriceps muscle injury) with longer absence following re-injuries for all six diagnoses

Conclusions
The majority of all time loss due to injuries in professional football stems from injuries with an individual absence of up to 4 weeks. This article can provide guidelines for expected time away from training and competition for the most common injury types as well as for its realistic range.
Effect of a risk-stratified intervention strategy on surgical complications: experience from a multicentre prospective study in China
Authors: Yu Xiaochu , Jiang Jingmei , Shang Hong , Wu Shizheng , Sun Hong , Li Hanzhong , Xin Shijie , Zhao Shengxiu , Huang Yuguang , Wu Xinjuan , Zhang Xu , Wang Yaolei , Xue Fang , Han Wei , Wang Zixing , Hu Yaoda , Wang Lei , Zhao Yupei 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo develop a risk-stratified intervention strategy and evaluate its effect on reducing surgical complications.DesignA multicentre prospective study with preintervention and postintervention stages: period I (January to June 2015) to develop the intervention strategy and period II (January to June 2016) to evaluate its effectiveness.SettingFour academic/teaching hospitals representing major Chinese administrative and economic regions.ParticipantsAll surgical (elective and emergent) inpatients aged ≥14 years with a minimum hospital stay of 24 hours, who underwent a surgical procedure requiring an anesthesiologist.InterventionsTargeted complications were grouped into three categories (common, specific, serious) according to their incidence pattern, severity and preventability. The corresponding expert consensus-generated interventions, which focused on both regulating medical practices and managing inherent patient-related risks, were implemented in a patient-tailored way via an electronic checklist system.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcomes were (1) in-hospital death/confirmed death within 30 days after discharge and (2) complications during hospitalisation. Secondary outcome was length of stay (LOS).ResultsWe included 51 030 patients in this analysis (eligibility rate 87.7%): 23 413 during period I, 27 617 during period II. Patients’ characteristics were comparable during the two periods. After adjustment, the mean number of overall complications per 100 patients decreased from 8.84 to 7.56 (relative change 14.5%; P<0.0001). Specifically, complication rates decreased from 3.96 to 3.65 (7.8%) for common complications (P=0.0677), from 0.50 to 0.36 (28.0%) for specific complications (P=0.0153) and from 3.64 to 2.88 (20.9%) for serious complications (P<0.0001). From period I to period II, there was a decreasing trend for mortality (from 0.64 to 0.53; P=0.1031) and median LOS (by 1 day; P=0.8293), without statistical significance.ConclusionsImplementing a risk-stratified intervention strategy may be a target-sensitive, convenient means to improve surgical outcomes.
Cross-sectional observation study to investigate the impact of risk-based stratification on care pathways for patients with chronic kidney disease: protocol paper
Authors: Bhachu Harjeet Kaur , Cockwell Paul , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Kyte Derek , Calvert Melanie 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) management in the UK is usually primary care based, with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines defining criteria for referral to secondary care nephrology services. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is commonly used to guide timing of referrals and preparation of patients approaching renal replacement therapy. However, eGFR lacks sensitivity for progression to end-stage renal failure; as a consequence, the international guideline group, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes has recommended the use of a risk calculator. The validated Kidney Failure Risk Equation may enable increased precision for the management of patients with CKD; however, there is little evidence to date for the implication of its use in routine clinical practice. This study will aim to determine the impact of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation on the redesignation of patients with CKD in the UK for referral to secondary care, compared with NICE CKD guidance.Method and analysisThis is a cross-sectional population-based observational study using The Health Improvement Network database to identify the impact of risk-based designation for referral into secondary care for patients with CKD in the UK. Adult patients registered in primary care and active in the database within the period 1 January 2016 to 31 March 2017 with confirmed CKD will be analysed. The proportion of patients who meet defined risk thresholds will be cross-referenced with the current NICE guideline recommendations for referral into secondary care along with an evaluation of urinary albumin–creatinine ratio monitoring.Ethics and disseminationApproval was granted by The Health Improvement Network Scientific Review Committee (Reference number: 18THIN061). Study outcomes will inform national and international guidelines including the next version of the NICE CKD guideline. Dissemination of findings will also be through publication in a peer-reviewed journal, presentation at conferences and inclusion in the core resources of the Think Kidneys programme.
Increasing age- and gender-specific burden and complexity of multimorbidity in Taiwan, 2003–2013: a cross-sectional study based on nationwide claims data
Authors: Hu Rey-Hsing , Hsiao Fei-Yuan , Chen Li-Ju , Huang Pei-Ting , Hsu William Wei-Yuan 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveAlthough there is accumulating evidence regarding multimorbidity in Western countries, this information is very limited in Asian countries. This study aimed to estimate population-based, age-specific and gender-specific prevalence and trends of multimorbidity in the Taiwanese population.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study based on claims data (National Health Insurance Research Database, Taiwan).ParticipantsThe participants included a subset of the National Health Insurance Research Database, which contains claims data for two million randomly selected beneficiaries (~10% of the total population) under Taiwan’s mandatory National Health Insurance system.Outcome measurementsThe prevalence of multimorbidity in different age groups and in both sexes in 2003 and 2013 was reported. We analysed data on the prevalence of 20 common diseases in each age group and for both sexes. To investigate the clustering effect, we used graphical displays to analyse the likelihood of co-occurrence with one, two, three, and four or more other diseases for each selected disease in 2003 and 2013.ResultsThe prevalence of multimorbidity (two or more diseases) was 20.07% in 2003 and 30.44% in 2013. In 2013, the prevalence varied between 5.21% in patients aged 20–29 years and 80.96% in those aged 80–89 years. In patients aged 50–79 years, the prevalence of multimorbidity was higher in women than in men. In men, the prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease and cardiovascular-related diseases was predominant, while in women the prevalence of osteoporosis, arthritis, cancer and psychosomatic disorders was predominant. Co-occurring diseases varied across different age and gender groups.ConclusionsThe burden of multimorbidity is increasing and becoming more complex in Taiwan, and it was found to vary across different age and gender groups. Fulfilling the needs of individuals with multimorbidity requires collaborative work between healthcare providers and needs to take the age and gender disparities of multimorbidity into account.
Value-based healthcare analysis of joint replacement surgery for patients with primary hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Gabriel Lucinda , Casey Joseph , Gee Matt , Palmer Claire , Sinha Joydeep , Moxham John , Colegate-Stone Toby James 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundA quarter of the population present at least once a year with a musculoskeletal disorder. Primary hip osteoarthritis is a high-volume condition with significant clinical need and population-level costs. There remains much variation in patient outcomes and care delivery costs for this condition.AimsThe study aimed to gauge if pathway redesign based on the principles of value-based healthcare (VBHC) could increase value. The aim was to calculate the value of treatment for primary hip osteoarthritis through measuring outcomes that matter to patients, as well as the costs of delivering them. Additionally it aimed to compare two care pathways to identify which elements may better promote the delivery of high-value clinical care.MethodsTwo care models were evaluated: the first being a traditional model with multiple entry points and without pathway standardisation, and the second an intentionally designed standardised multidisciplinary pathway. Mandated National Health Service patient-reported outcomes were assessed but were restructured into a patient-centred format to assess the impact on pain, function and psychological outcomes. Patient-level pathway economic evaluation was performed. Using these data, outcomes were mapped against cost to calculate value.ResultsThere were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between the two models. The intentionally designed model delivered better value care, having lower pathway costs. This model produced a small but inconsistent positive financial margin.ConclusionsIntentionally designed, integrated elective services offer an opportunity to develop and evaluate VBHC models. Analysis of two care pathways from a VBHC perspective demonstrated that an intentionally designed pathway had higher value. The higher value pathway maximised the benefits of having physiotherapists and orthopaedic surgeons working side by side. Developing and measuring patient-orientated outcomes and performing accurate economic evaluation are the key to understanding and achieving better value care.
Effectiveness of a collaborative, student-run campaign to increase safety belt use among adolescents
Authors: Kauffman Jeremy D , Soltani Tandis , McCullough Kelly , Vybiralova Petra , Macauley Karen , Danielson Paul D , Chandler Nicole M 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundMVCs are the leading cause of death among adolescents. Seat belts have been shown to decrease MVC-related death. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-supported, student-run campaign to increase safety belt use among adolescents in Southwest Florida.MethodsWe reviewed results of campaigns at 14 high schools from 2012 to 2018. The primary outcome was change in rates of student-driver seat belt use over the course of each campaign. Secondary outcomes included trends in seat belt use and MVC-related fatalities over the study period. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare rates of seat belt use before and after each intervention and over the course of the study period. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the independent effects of demographic covariates on outcomes.ResultsAltogether, 85 campaigns were reviewed. A total of 8500 preintervention and 8500 postintervention observations of student seat belt use were assessed. The median rate of seat belt use increased from 82% prior to the intervention to 87% following the intervention (p<0.001). We did not detect a sustained trend in seat belt use or MVC-related fatalities over the study period. On multivariate analysis, schools with a higher proportion of minority students were less likely to experience a substantial increase in seat belt use following the intervention (OR=0.17, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.84, p=0.030).ConclusionThis collaborative campaign resulted in a modest, short-term increase in seat belt use among high school students. Future studies should evaluate which interventions are most effective and how short-term increases in seat belt use can be sustained.
The system of sets of lengths and the elasticity of submonoids of a finite-rank free commutative monoid
Authors: Gotti Felix 
Published: June 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be an atomic monoid. For [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] denote the set of all possible lengths of factorizations of [Formula: see text] into irreducibles. The system of sets of lengths of [Formula: see text] is the set [Formula: see text]. On the other hand, the elasticity of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the quotient [Formula: see text] and the elasticity of [Formula: see text] is the supremum of the set [Formula: see text]. The system of sets of lengths and the elasticity of [Formula: see text] both measure how far [Formula: see text] is from being half-factorial, i.e. [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] denote the collection comprising all submonoids of finite-rank free commutative monoids, and let [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the system of sets of lengths and the elasticity of monoids in [Formula: see text]. First, we construct for each [Formula: see text] a monoid in [Formula: see text] having extremal system of sets of lengths. It has been proved before that the system of sets of lengths does not characterize (up to isomorphism) monoids in [Formula: see text]. Here we use our construction to extend this result to [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text]. On the other hand, it has been recently conjectured that the elasticity of any monoid in [Formula: see text] is either rational or infinite. We conclude this paper by proving that this is indeed the case for monoids in [Formula: see text] and for any monoid in [Formula: see text] whose corresponding convex cone is polyhedral.