bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory evoked cortical potentials of the lower urinary tract in healthy men
Authors: Knüpfer Stephanie C. , Liechti Martina D. , van der Lely Stéphanie , Gregorini Flavia , Schubert Martin , De Wachter Stefan , Kessler Thomas M. , Mehnert Ulrich 
Published: May 2018

AimsTo assess the afferent innervation of various locations in the male lower urinary tract (LUT) using sensory evoked cortical potentials (SEPs).MethodsTwelve healthy men (mean age: 29.6 ± 7.2 years, mean height: 1.8 ± 0.1 m) underwent repetitive slow (0.5 Hz/1 ms) and fast (3 Hz/0.2 ms) electrical stimulations of bladder (dome/trigone) and urethral (proximal/membranous/distal) locations with simultaneous cortical SEP recording (Cz‐Fz). Latencies (ms) and peak‐to‐peak amplitudes (μV) for SEP components P1, N1, and P2 were analyzed. Tibial SEPs were assessed as methodological control. The reproducibility was investigated from between visits and inter‐rater assessments using Bland‐Altman plots. Statistical tests comprised analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regressions, and paired t‐tests. Values are given as mean ± standard deviation.ResultsTypical LUTSEPs with P1, N1, and P2 components were successfully detected (100% responder rate) for slow but less successfully for fast stimulation. The slow stimulation provided reproducible LUTSEPs with position specific N1 latencies: dome 125.6 ± 21.3 ms, trigone 122.9 ± 20.5 ms, proximal‐ 116.1 ± 21.4 ms, membraneous‐ 118.8 ± 29.3 ms, and distal urethra 108.8 ± 17.8 ms. Despite good inter‐rater agreement, latency variability between and within subjects was higher for LUTSEPs than for tibial SEPs. N1 latencies became shorter (P < 0.01) with increasing subject age for bladder dome and distal urethra stimulation.ConclusionsLUTSEPs can be successfully obtained for different LUT locations in men using slow electrical stimulation. Location specific differences in N1 latencies may indicate different local afferent innervation. Larger variability of LUTSEPs versus tibial SEPs may be related to the more challenging approach and afferent fibre access within the LUT. Further studies optimizing measurement and analysis approach are required.
Refined nomogram incorporating standing cough test improves prediction of male transobturator sling success
Authors: Shakir Nabeel A. , Fuchs Joceline S. , McKibben Maxim J. , Viers Boyd R. , Pagliara Travis J. , Scott Jeremy M. , Morey Allen F. 
Published: May 2018

AimsTo develop a decision aid in predicting sling success, incorporating the Male Stress Incontinence Grading Scale (MSIGS) into existing treatment algorithms.MethodsWe reviewed men undergoing first‐time transobturator sling for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) from 2007 to 2016 at our institution. Patient demographics, reported pads per day (PPD), and Standing Cough Test (SCT) results graded 0‐4, according to MSIGS, were assessed. Treatment failure was defined as subsequent need for >1 PPD or further procedures. Parameters associated with failure were included in multivariable logistic models, compared by area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curves. A nomogram was generated from the model with greatest AUC and internally validated.ResultsOverall 203 men (median age 67 years, IQR 63‐72) were evaluated with median follow‐up of 45 months (IQR 11‐75 months). A total of 185 men (91%) were status‐post radical prostatectomy and 29 (14%) had pelvic radiation history. Median PPD and SCT grade were both two. Eighty men (39%) failed treatment (use of ≥1 PPD or subsequent anti‐incontinence procedures) at a median of 9 months. History of radiation (P = 0.03), increasing MSIGS (P < 0.0001) and increasing preoperative PPD (P < 0.0001) were associated with failure on univariate analysis. In a multivariable model with AUC 0.81, MSIGS, and PPD remained associated (P = 0.002 and <0.0001 respectively, and radiation history P = 0.06), and was superior to models incorporating PPD and radiation alone (AUC 0.77, P = 0.02), PPD alone (AUC 0.76, P = 0.02), and a cutpoint of >2 PPD alone (AUC 0.71, P = 0.0001).ConclusionsMSIGS adds prognostic value to PPD in assessing success of transobturator sling for treatment of SUI.
Allene Oxide Synthase Pathway in Cereal Roots: Detection of Novel Oxylipin Graminoxins
Authors: Grechkin Alexander N. , Ogorodnikova Anna V. , Egorova Alevtina M. , Mukhitova Fakhima K. , Ilyina Tatiana M. , Khairutdinov Bulat I. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractYoung roots of wheat, barley, and sorghum, as well as methyl jasmonate pretreated rice seedlings, undergo an unprecedented allene oxide synthase pathway targeted to previously unknown oxylipins 1–3. These Favorskii‐type products, (4Z)‐2‐pentyl‐4‐tridecene‐1,13‐dioic acid (1), (2′Z)‐2‐(2′‐octenyl)‐decane‐1,10‐dioic acid (2), and (2′Z,5′Z)‐2‐(2′,5′‐octadienyl)‐decane‐1,10‐dioic acid (3), have a carboxy function at the side chain, as revealed by their MS and NMR spectral data. Compounds 1–3 were the major oxylipins detected, along with the related α‐ketols. Products 1–3 were biosynthesized from (9Z,11E,13S)‐13‐hydroperoxy‐9,11‐octadecadienoic acid, (9S,10E,12Z)‐9‐hydroperoxy‐10,12‐octadecadienoic acid (9‐HPOD), and (9S,10E,12Z,15Z)‐9‐hydroperoxy‐10,12,15‐octadecatrienoic acid, respectively, via the corresponding allene oxides and cyclopropanones. The data indicate that conversion of the allene oxide into the cyclopropanone is controlled by soluble cyclase. The short‐lived cyclopropanones are hydrolyzed to products 1–3. The collective name “graminoxins” has been ascribed to oxylipins 1–3.
Relations between scanning and recognition of own‐ and other‐race faces in 6‐ and 9‐month‐old infants
Authors: Liu Shaoying , Quinn Paul C. , Xiao Naiqi G. , Wu Zhijun , Liu Guangxi , Lee Kang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInfants typically see more own‐race faces than other‐race faces. Existing evidence shows that this difference in face race experience has profound consequences for face processing: as early as 6 months of age, infants scan own‐ and other‐race faces differently and display superior recognition for own‐ relative to other‐race faces. However, it is unclear whether scanning of own‐race faces is related to the own‐race recognition advantage in infants. To bridge this gap in the literature, the current study used eye tracking to investigate the relation between own‐race face scanning and recognition in 6‐ and 9‐month‐old Asian infants (N = 82). The infants were familiarized with dynamic own‐ and other‐race faces, and then their face recognition was tested with static face images. Both age groups recognized own‐ but not other‐race faces. Also, regardless of race, the more infants scanned the eyes of the novel versus familiar faces at test, the better their face‐recognition performance. In addition, both 6‐ and 9‐month‐olds fixated significantly longer on the nose of own‐race faces, and greater fixation on the nose during test trials correlated positively with individual novelty preference scores in the own‐ but not other‐race condition. The results suggest that some aspects of the relation between recognition and scanning are independent of differential experience with face race, whereas other aspects are affected by such experience. More broadly, the findings imply that scanning and recognition may become linked during infancy at least in part through the influence of perceptual experience.
Thermodynamisches Rechnen
Authors: Molter Tim , Nugent M. Alex 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungThermodynamische Bits bestehen aus zwei in Serie geschalteten Memristoren und lassen sich als künstliche Synapsen mit Befehlssätzen steuern. Mehrere von ihnen bilden ein thermodynamisches Neuron, das Lernregeln gehorchen kann. Solche kT‐Neuronen können fast alle Funktionen von Logikgattern nachahmen. Mit ihnen sind rekonfigurierbare Logikgatter konstruierbar, die erheblich Platz, Gewicht und Energie im Vergleich zu digitalen Prozessoren einsparen können. Sie könnten die Basis für eine zukünftige neuromorphe Computerarchitektur bilden.
Nanopartikel weisen den Weg
Authors: Behr Volker C. , Vogel Patrick 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Magnetpartikel‐Bildgebung (Magnetic Particle Imaging, MPI) detektiert superparamagnetische Eisenoxid‐Nanopartikel hochsensitiv und hochspezifisch auch im Inneren von Körpern. Physikalisch nutzt sie die nichtlineare Magnetisierungsfunktion dieser Partikel. MPI eröffnet der Medizin so einen neuen Zugang zu markerbasierten Anwendungen, der im Gegensatz zu etablierten Verfahren auf Radionuklide verzichtet und damit gerade in der klinischen Anwendung enormes Potenzial besitzt. Mit der Realisierung erster MPI‐MRT‐Hybridsysteme ist bereits ein wichtiger Schritt in Richtung einer diagnostischen Anwendbarkeit getan. Dabei erfasst MPI das Markersignal und MRT den anatomischen Bildhintergrund. MPI ist auch in den Materialwissenschaften bei der zerstörungsfreien Materialprüfung einsetzbar.
Perceptions and beliefs of lay people from northern Uganda regarding surgery for diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer
Authors: Mwaka Amos Deogratius , Okello Elialilia Sarikiaeli , Wabinga Henry 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo explore perceptions and beliefs of people in a rural community in northern Uganda regarding surgery for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. The aim of the study was to inform interventions to reduce delay and improve timely diagnosis and prompt appropriate treatments for patients with symptoms of cervical cancer.MethodsA semi‐structured study guide informed by Kleinman's explanatory model for illness was used to collect data during 24 focus group discussions involving 175 men and women aged 18 to 59 years in Gulu, northern Uganda. Using thematic analysis, themes and subthemes were identified from the data through an iterative process and consensus among the authors.ResultsSurgery for diagnosis and management of cervical cancer was perceived as (1) appropriate when performed at early stage of cancer and by senior doctors, but (2) a potential catalyst for the spread of cancer and early death; and (3) a challenge to childbearing and motherhood as well as a source of distress to women and families if surgery involved removal of the uterus with subsequent permanent infertility.ConclusionsThere are some negative perceptions about surgery for cervical cancer that may deter prompt help‐seeking for symptoms. However, targeted messages for public awareness interventions to promote help‐seeking can be built on the positive perceptions and beliefs that surgery could be curative when undertaken for early‐stage cancer and by skilled doctors.
Prospects for management of whitefly using plant semiochemicals, compared with related pests
Authors: Schlaeger Stefanie , Pickett John A , Birkett Michael A 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhitefly (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) pests, including the tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, are important economically in agriculture. Whiteflies are controlled mainly by synthetic insecticides but resistance to these is evolving rapidly. A semiochemical‐based management strategy could provide an alternative to the use of insecticides, by exploiting natural volatile signalling processes to manipulate insect behaviour. Whitefly behaviour is affected by differences in plant odour blends. Selected compounds have been suggested as putative semiochemicals, but in only a few studies have potential volatiles been characterized by electrophysiology or olfactometry. Application of antennal preparation methods from closely related families, the aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and psyllids (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), may help to facilitate whitefly electroantennography. Behavioural bioassays are essential to identify the repellent or attractant effect of each semiochemical. The relevance of semiochemicals in whitefly management needs to be evaluated in the respective cultivation system. Although the value of semiochemicals against whiteflies has not been demonstrated in the field, there is an emerging range of possible field applications and some promising prospects. Overall, the olfactory system of whiteflies needs to be elucidated in more detail. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessing the value of seasonal climate forecasts for decision‐making
Authors: Bruno Soares Marta , Daly Meaghan , Dessai Suraje 
Published: May 2018

Seasonal climate forecasts (SCF) can support decision‐making and thus help society cope with and prepare for climate variability and change. The demand for understanding the value and benefits of using SCF in decision‐making processes can be associated with different logics. Two of these would be the need to justify public and private investment in the provision of SCF and demonstrating the gains and benefits of using SCF in specific decision‐making contexts. This paper reviews the main factors influencing how SCF is (or can be) valued in supporting decision‐making and the main methods and metrics currently used to perform such valuations. Our review results in four key findings: (a) there is a current emphasis on economic ex ante studies and the quantification of SCF value; (b) there are fundamental differences in how the value of SCF is defined and estimated across methods and approaches; (c) most valuation methods are unable to capture the differential benefits and risks of using SCF across spatiotemporal scales and groups; and (d) there is limited involvement of the decision‐makers in the valuation process. The paper concludes by providing some guiding principles towards more effective valuations of SCF, notably the need for a wider diversity and integration of methodological approaches. These should particularly embrace ex‐post, qualitative, and participatory approaches which allow co‐evaluation with decision‐makers so that more comprehensive and equitable SCF valuations can be developed in future.This article is categorized under:
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Prepared for Mission? A Survey of Medical Personnel Training Needs Within the International Committee of the Red Cross
Authors: Haverkamp Frederike J. C. , Veen Harald , Hoencamp Rigo , Muhrbeck Måns , von Schreeb Johan , Wladis Andreas , Tan Edward C. T. H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundHumanitarian organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) provide worldwide protection and medical assistance for victims of disaster and conflict. It is important to gain insight into the training needs of the medical professionals who are deployed to these resource scarce areas to optimally prepare them. This is the first study of its kind to assess the self‐perceived preparedness, deployment experiences, and learning needs concerning medical readiness for deployment of ICRC medical personnel.MethodsAll enlisted ICRC medical employees were invited to participate in a digital questionnaire conducted during March 2017. The survey contained questions about respondents’ personal background, pre‐deployment training, deployment experiences, self‐perceived preparedness, and the personal impact of deployment.ResultsThe response rate (consisting of nurses, surgeons, and anesthesiologists) was 54% (153/284). Respondents rated their self‐perceived preparedness for adult trauma with a median score of 4.0 on a scale of 1 (very unprepared) to 5 (more than sufficient); and for pediatric trauma with a median score of 3.0. Higher rates of self‐perceived preparedness were found in respondents who had previously been deployed with other organizations, or who had attended at least one master class, e.g., the ICRC War Surgery Seminar (p < 0.05). Additional training was requested most frequently for pediatrics (65/150), fracture surgery (46/150), and burns treatment (45/150).ConclusionICRC medical personnel felt sufficiently prepared for deployment. Key points for future ICRC pre‐deployment training are to focus on pediatrics, fracture surgery, and burns treatment, and to ensure greater participation in master classes.
Ferricretes of Sriperumbudur: Micromorphology and Geochemistry
Authors: Shah Rayees Ahmad , Achyuthan Hema , Jose Powel , Lone Aasif Mohmad , Geethanjali K. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Earlier studies on the ferricrete of Sriperumbudur Formation were focused on their types of occurrences and mode of formation. However, in the present study, an attempt is made to understand the physico-chemical changes across seven saprolite-ferricrete profiles developed over sedimentary protolith after upliftment to decipher the paleoenvironmental conditions to which the Sriperumbudur Formation was exposed and to understand the processes of ferricretisation. For this purpose, the ferricrete exposures around Sriperumbudur were surveyed and mapped for their occurrences and types of ferricretes, collected samples were examined for various physio-chemical aspects. Geochemical and petrographic studies exhibit a relatively high percentage of iron content. The Fe2O3 content varies from 7.71% to 14.9% followed by the higher concentration of Al2O3 and SiO2 as a result of deep weathering of the Sriperumbudur beds. Other major oxides such as CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, MnO and TiO2 show lower concentrations. The bulk X-ray diffraction of the ferricrete samples shows the occurrence of tourmaline, muscovite and magnetite. SEM analysis of the ferricrete samples exhibits solution channels and pits in the matrix, on the limonite, quartz and magnetite revealing intense chemical weathering. Petrographic studies show the occurrence of quartz in a variety of shapes, sizes and sediment sorting, cemented by iron oxides in varying stages. It also reveals iron oxide mobilization due to the alteration of ferruginous sandstone forming a hard ferricrete crust. Iron oxide cementation is due to leaching and re-cementing from the parent sedimentary rock with subsequent re-deposition of the earlier material taking place in a near shore environment and in wetter conditions after the Sriperumbudur beds were exposed since the lower Cretaceous period.
Evaluation of growth chart use among clinicians in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mosli Rana H. 
Published: May 2018

Objective:
To identify types of growth charts and practices employed by clinicians to assess pediatric patients in Saudi Arabia; To assess clinicians' interpretation and comprehension of growth charts.

Methods:
This is a Cross-sectional study including 105 pediatricians and dietitians residing in Saudi Arabia. Participants completed an online questionnaire which assessed: region of residence, work facility, typical practices in pediatric patient assessment, and ability to correctly interpret and comprehend growth chart data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and chi-square statistics.

Results:
Majority of respondents (70.5%) reported typically using either the CDC or WHO growth charts. Only 52.4% reported always using growth charts and discussing weight status of pediatric patients during annual/regular visits, and 54.3% reported discussing the patient's weight status with his/her caregiver(s) under all circumstances. Only 23.8% correctly answered the interpretation question, while 50.5% correctly answered the comprehension question. A higher percentage of clinicians residing in the Southern, Central, and Western regions reported that they always or often discuss the patient's weight status with his/her caregiver(s) (100%, 89.2% and 81.4%, respectively) (P value = 0.004). Clinicians who worked in private hospitals only, and who typically used the Saudi growth charts were least likely to report that they always or often discuss the patient's weight status with his/her caregiver(s) (50% and 61.5%, respectively) (All Ps < .05).

Conclusion:
Growth chart utilization among clinicians in Saudi Arabia needs further evaluation. Clinicians residing in the Northern and Eastern regions, who worked in private hospitals only, and who typically used the Saudi growth charts showed poorer practices with regards to growth chart utilization.
Must Adaptive Preferences Be Prudentially Bad for Us?
Authors: TERLAZZO ROSA 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT:In this paper, I argue for the counterintuitive conclusion that the same adaptive preference can be both prudentially good and prudentially bad for its holder: that is, it can be prudentially objectionable from one temporal perspective, but prudentially unobjectionable from another. Given the possibility of transformative experiences, there is an important sense in which even worrisome adaptive preferences can be prudentially good for us. That is, if transformative experiences lead us to develop adaptive preferences, then their objects can become prudentially better for our actual selves than the objects of their nonadaptive alternatives would now be. I also argue, however, that the same worrisome adaptive preferences might still be prospectively prudentially objectionable: that is, our pretransformation selves might be prudentially better off undergoing a nonadaptive alternative transformative experience instead. I argue that both claims hold across the range of the most broadly defended accounts of well-being in the literature.
“The Post-Election Violence Has Brought Shame on This Place”: Narratives, Place, and Moral Violence in Western Kenya
Authors: Pfeiffer Elizabeth 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:This article explores the intersections of violence, morality, and place to theorize the notion of moral violence. Using narratives collected during ethnographic research in a highway town in Kenya, it suggests that when people offer moralizing sentiments about this locality they are pointing to (and sometimes reproducing) the effects of and anxieties about the decades of violence and inequalities that have engulfed the lives of the residents. Particular attention is paid to the way in which narratives about political/ethnic violence and HIV/AIDS have blended to create and sustain moral violence as a chronic and particular, historically embedded variant of structural violence.
Organization or Community-Based Outbreak? Responding to Cases of Meningitis Under Epidemiologic Uncertainty
Authors: Burmaz Tea , Selle Vittorio , Baldo Vincenzo , Savoia Elena 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSix cases of serogroup C invasive meningococcal disease were identified in Treviso district, Veneto region, Italy between December 13 and 15, 2007. The afflicted patients were found to have attended the same Latin-dance clubs on the same nights, and chemoprophylaxis was provided to potentially exposed individuals. Despite these efforts, 2 cases caused by the same meningococcal strain subsequently occurred in the same area, without any apparent epidemiological correlation to the initial cases. This may have resulted from a failure to neutralize the meningococcal carrier/s. The root cause analysis method applied to public health emergency preparedness was used to analyze the response to this critical incident. The root cause analysis revealed a need to develop regional guidelines for the classification and management of a meningococcal outbreak and for developing risk-communication strategies that include the identification of appropriate channels of communication for differing segments of the population. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:368–371)