bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synapsids and sensitivity: Broad survey of tetrapod trigeminal canal morphology supports an evolutionary trend of increasing facial tactile specialization in the mammal lineage
Authors: Miyamae Juri A. , Benoit Julien , Ruf Irina , Sibiya Zoleka , Bhullar Bhart‐Anjan S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe trigeminus nerve (cranial nerve V) is a large and significant conduit of sensory information from the face to the brain, with its three branches extending over the head to innervate a wide variety of integumentary sensory receptors, primarily tactile. The paths of the maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3) divisions of the trigeminus frequently transit through dedicated canals within the bones of the upper and lower jaws, thus allowing this neuroanatomy to be captured in the fossil record and be available to interpretations of sensory ability in extinct taxa. Here, we use microCT and synchrotron scans from 38 extant and fossil species spanning a wide phylogenetic sample across tetrapods to investigate whether maxillary and mandibular canal morphology can be informative of sensory biology in the synapsid lineage. We found that in comparison to an amphibian and sauropsid outgroup, synapsids demonstrate a distinctive evolutionary pattern of change from canals that are highly ramified near the rostral tip of the jaws to canals with increasingly simplified morphology. This pattern is especially evident in the maxillary canal, which came to feature a shortened infraorbital canal terminating in a single large infraorbital foramen that serves as the outlet for branches of V2 that then enter the soft tissues of the face. A comparison with modern analogues supports the hypothesis that this morphological change correlates to an evolutionary history of synapsid‐specific innovations in facial touch. We interpret the highly ramified transitional form found in early nonmammalian synapsids as indicative of enhanced tactile sensitivity of the rostrum via direct or proximal contact, similar to tactile specialists such as probing shorebirds and alligators that possess similar proliferative ramifications of the maxillary and mandibular canals. The transition toward a simplified derived form that emerged among Mid‐Triassic prozostrodont cynodonts and is retained among modern mammals is a unique configuration correlated with an equally unique and novel tactile sensory apparatus: mobile mystacial whiskers. Our survey of maxillary and mandibular canals across a phylogenetic and ecological variety of tetrapods highlights the morphological diversity of these structures, but also the need to establish robust form‐function relationships for future interpretations of osteological correlates for sensory biology.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H/C−H (4+2) Annulation of 2‐Aryl‐N‐heterocycles with Vinylene Carbonate
Authors: Nipate Dhananjay S. , Swami Prakash N. , Gadekar Amol B. , Jangir Tarun , Rangan Krishnan , Kumar Anil 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed direct C−H/C−H (4+2) annulation of 2‐aryl‐N‐heterocycles such as 2‐aryl‐4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones, 2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines, 2‐aryl‐2H‐indazoles and 2‐arylquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones with vinylene carbonate has been described. This one‐pot cascade strategy provided the diversely substituted fused‐polyheterocycles such as 7H‐benzo[h]pyrido[2,1‐b]quinazolin‐7‐ones, naphtho[1′,2′:4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines, indazolo[2,3‐a]quinolines and benzo[c]acridin‐7(12H)‐ones in moderate to excellent yields. The developed protocol exhibited a broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance and acid/base‐free conditions. Based on a preliminary mechanistic investigation, a tentative mechanism of Ru(II)‐catalyzed (4+2) annulation reaction has been proposed.
From Batch to Continuous Flow Synthesis in Enzymatic Process Towards Molnupiravir
Authors: Hongnak Siriwat , Vorasin Onanong , Aunbamrung Pornthip , Techapanalai Saharat , Tiyasakulchai Thanat , Sonwong Watcharin , Jaito Nongluck , Thongpanchang Chawanee , Whungsinsujarit Saowalak , Srikun Onsiri , Srimongkolpithak Nitipol 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMolnupiravir (1) is one among the limited therapeutic options for treating COVID‐19 infection and exhibits pan‐antiviral potency. Because of urgent demands during the COVID‐19 pandemic, a number of methods were developed to offer more efficient routes. In this report, we present a facile 2‐step and scalable synthesis of molnupiravir for batch processing and show the implementation of continuous flow biocatalysis to improve the efficiency in synthesis. Our key step entails immobilized lipase and isobutyric anhydride to facilitate regioselective esterification. In batch process, transamination of cytidine (2) provides N4‐hydroxycytidine (NHC, 3) with 75 % yield followed by esterification of NHC to give molnupiravir with 64 % yield, providing 48 % overall yield and 99.98 % purity (HPLC). Compared to batch approach in the esterification step, the continuous flow process provides similar product yield and purity and highlights the advantages including 2.42‐fold better productivity (mol/day), 2.47‐fold improved reaction time, and 30‐fold higher space‐time‐yield. The optimized batch and continuous flow biocatalysis enhance synthesis efficiency and reduce environmental impact, offering a sustainable approach for industrial molnupiravir production.
Covalent Organic Framework Controls the Aggregation of Metal Porphyrins for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Han Yuesheng , Jin Yucheng , Yang Gengxiang , Ma Xiaolin , Wang Xinxin , Qi Dongdong , Wang Tianyu , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough different post modifications of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been developed for achieving hierarchical nanostructures and improved photocatalytic performance, the co‐assemblies of COFs with small organic molecules were still rarely studied. Herein, COF/porphyrin composites, which were fabricated at room temperature, reveal that COFs surface can modulate the aggregation of metal porphyrins, which subsequently enhance the photocatalytic properties of COFs assemblies. Thus, the surface of COFs was decorated by porphyrins aggregations with varied thickness, dependent on the metal ions of porphyrins. Ni(II) meso‐Tetra (4‐carboxyphenyl) porphine (NiTCPP) formed discontinuous monolayer covering on COFs surface, while Pt(II) meso‐Tetra (4‐carboxyphenyl) porphine (PtTCPP) or Co(II) meso‐Tetra (4‐carboxyphenyl) porphine (CoTCPP) aggregated into multilayer coverage. Notably, even though NiTCPP did not show any advantages in terms of light absorption or HOMO/LUMO energy levels, COF/NiTCPP with the lowest porphyrin loading still exhibited the highest photocatalytic H2 evolution (29.71 mmol g−1 h−1), which is 2.5 times higher than that of COF/PtTCPP or COF/CoTCPP. These results open new possibilities for making highly efficient photocatalysts upon the co‐assemblies of COFs with small organic molecules.
A novel looped functional for stability analysis of asynchronous sampled‐data systems
Authors: Park JunMin , Lee Seok Young 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the stability analysis problems of asynchronous sampled‐data systems via an input‐delay approach. Between two sequential sampling times, a sampled‐data system is controlled by previously sampled states and thus can be modeled as a time‐delay system with a saw‐tooth delay. Inevitably, information at the sampling instants have played essential roles in controlling the systems and reducing the conservatism of the stability criteria. Therefore, to further utilize the information at sampling instants, this paper proposes novel looped functionals consisting of integral state variables and their interval‐normalized terms. Three numerical examples including a practical helicopter system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches in terms of allowable sampling intervals.
Skillful seasonal prediction of the boreal summer Pacific–Japan teleconnection pattern
Authors: Yi Kan , Wang Chenqi , Zhang Yunfei , Li Xiang , Wang Jian , Wen Renqiang , Du Mengjiao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Pacific–Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern, a dominant mode of atmospheric variability over the western North Pacific during boreal summer, is pivotal in shaping regional climate dynamics. Despite its important implications, accurately predicting the PJ pattern remains challenging due to inherent model biases and uncertainties. This study delves into the impact of model biases on the prediction skill of the PJ pattern and evaluates its predictability using outputs from three operational seasonal forecast models. Our findings elucidate that the spatial structure of the PJ pattern simulated by models introduces substantial diversities in prediction skills. By discerning the variance in PJ teleconnection simulation among models, we unveil the high predictability of the PJ pattern, showcasing its capability for accurate forecasts up to 3 months in advance within the current seasonal forecast models. The predictability of the PJ pattern stems from concurrent El Niño–Southern Oscillation‐related sea surface temperature anomalies and its corresponding atmospheric teleconnection processes. Our research underscores the necessity of accounting for model biases in predicting the PJ pattern, and the potential for bolstering seasonal prediction skill through targeted mitigation of these biases.
On a New Point Process Approach to Reliability Improvement Modeling for Repairable Systems
Authors: Finkelstein Maxim , Cha Ji Hwan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we are the first to consider the combination of the minimal repair with the defined better than minimal repair. With a given probability, each failure of a repairable system is minimally repaired and with complementary probability it is better than minimally repaired. The latter can be interpreted in terms of a reliability growth model when a defect of a system is eliminated on each failure. It turns out that the better than minimal repair can be even better than a perfect one if a perfect repair is understood as a replacement of the whole system or stochastically equivalent operation. We provide stochastic description of the failure/repair process by introducing and describing the corresponding bivariate point process via the concept of stochastic intensity. Distributions for the number of failures for the pooled and marginal processes are derived along with their expected values. The latter can describe the process of reliability growth in applications. Some meaningful special cases are discussed.
Intense Red Fluorescence From Surface Traps in BaSO4:V5+, Eu3+ and Its Applications
Authors: Varalakshmi S. , Lakshmanan Arunachalam , Sangeetha L. , Rathinamala V. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBaSO4:V5+ synthesized at 1000°C in air exhibits an intense emission band peaking at 495 nm from surface traps assisted by atmospheric oxygen on excitation at 350 nm due to charge transfer from O2− to V5+ in the (VO4)3− tetrahedral complex. BaSO4:Eu synthesized under similar conditions exhibits both Eu2+ (375 nm) and Eu3+ (619 nm) fluorescence. Vanadium codoping quenches the Eu2+ fluorescence but enhances the Eu3+ fluorescence in BaSO4:V, Eu due to charge compensation. However, Eu codoping quenches the vanadium fluorescence by diffusion of vanadium into the crystal, and V2O5 also serves as a flux enhancing Eu3+ doping efficiency in BaSO4 lattice. The 619nm Eu3+ PL emission intensity in BaSO4:V5+, Eu3+ is comparable to 592nm emission from commercial (Y,Gd) BO3:Eu3+. However, V5+ emission shows strong thermal quenching, while Eu3+ emission shows little thermal quenching up to 210°C, making BaSO4:V5+, Eu3+ a promising new red phosphor for improving the color rendering of blue light‐based white LED. The ratio of Eu3+ to V5+ fluorescence increases with excitation temperature (30°C°C–180°C) enabling BaSO4:V5+, Eu3+ to be used as a non‐contact luminescence thermometer.
The Impact of Board Gender Diversity Commitment on Firm Performance Moderated by Board Characteristics: Evidence From Sustainable European Firms and Financial Orientation
Authors: Bel‐Oms Inmaculada , Grau‐Grau Alfredo J. , Núñez‐Almonte Janny 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe main goal of this study is to explore the moderating role of board gender diversity on the relationship between CEO duality, board size, board meetings, and firm performance in sustainable companies. This study examines the 120 most sustainable European firms listed in the EuroNext Vigeo Europe 120 Index from 2012 to 2021, with the findings showing that board gender diversity negatively moderates the relationship between CEO duality and firm performance, while positively moderating board meetings' impact. Furthermore, in banking‐oriented countries, board gender diversity positively moderates the relationship between board meetings and firm performance, while these effects are not significant in market‐oriented countries. The paper highlights that despite progress in increasing representation, mechanisms to ensure effective female participation in board decision‐making are required. This study is the first to examine how board gender diversity moderates the impact of board characteristics and CEO duality on sustainable firm performance in different financial orientations.
Highly Conjugated Ergosterols With Anti‐Influenza Virus Activity From the Marine‐Derived Fungus Eutypella Sp. F0219
Authors: Chen Meng‐Ting , Chen Han‐Yu , Luo Yan‐Fang , Zhou Jing , Yang Jing‐Jing , Jiang Zhong‐Ping , Huang Ling 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOne rare 15‐nor‐cadinane sesquiterpenoid (1), one new chromene amide derivative (2), and one new highly conjugated ergosterol steroid (3), along with three known compounds (4–6), were isolated from the marine‐derived fungus Eutypella sp. F0219. Their chemical structures, including absolute configurations, were established by HR–ESIMS, extensive 1D and 2D NMR investigations, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All compounds were evaluated for their anti‐influenza A virus and anti‐influenza B virus activities against the A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), ZX1109 (H1N1, oseltamivir‐resistant virus), HK68 (H3N2), and B/Florida/78/2015 strains. Compounds 3 and 4 showed significant antiviral activities against those four virus strains with EC50 values ranging from 2.07 to 11.3 µM. Most notably, compound 3 exhibited potent anti‐influenza B virus activity against B/Florida/78/2015 strain with EC50 value of 2.27 ± 1.76 µM, versus the postive control (oseltamivir, EC50 = 7.14 ± 1.94 µM).
Improving Retinoic Acid Efficacy: Lipase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Derivatives with Antiviral Activity
Authors: Bravo Sofía C. , Montalbetti Carlos A. , Freije García Fabricio , Petrera Erina , Liñares Guadalupe García 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn efficient enzymatic approach was applied to the synthesis of new derivatives of retinoic acid. Nine derivatives, four of them new compounds, were obtained through lipase‐catalysis with excellent yield. In order to find the optimal reaction conditions, the influence of various parameters such as enzyme source, nucleophile : substrate ratio, enzyme : substrate ratio, solvent and temperature was studied. The excellent results obtained by lipase catalysis made the procedure very efficient considering their advantages such as mild reaction conditions and low environmental impact. In addition, several synthesized compounds exhibited lower cytotoxicity than the retinoic acid in Vero cells and a remarkably higher antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2).
Antigen Presentation in an Artificial and Cell Membrane: Blood Group A Glycan Recognition
Authors: Ryzhov Ivan , Tuzikov Alexander , Obukhova Polina , Sablina Marina , Popova Inna , Anisimova Darya , Galanina Oxana , Shilova Nadezhda , Khaidukov Sergey , Chizhov Alexander , Henry Stephen , Bovin Nicolai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlycosphingolipids (GSL) are functionally important components of the cell membrane and recognition of their glycan “head” by the immune system is a key part of normal and pathological processes. Recognition of glycolipid antigens on a living cell, their structure, “context” (microenvironment and clustering), presentation including orientation and distance from the plasma membrane, as well as molecular dynamics are important. GSL antigens are targets for the development of anticancer vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, therefore, control of the presentation of their glycans by synthetic methods opens up new possibilities in medicine. In this work, we synthesized 13 GSL analogues as function‐spacer‐lipids (FSLs) with the same head (blood group A tetrasaccharide, ABO system) but each either differing in the structure of the lipid tail, or the length of the region between the head and the tail, or cluster organization of the head (from 2 to 4 tetrasaccharides in a cluster). The insertion of these FSLs into an artificial and erythrocyte membranes was compared, and their interaction with antibodies was studied, including erythrocyte agglutination. The results give further insight into knowledge of the membrane presentation of GSLs (some results can be extrapolated to glycoproteins) and factors involved in their interaction with antibodies.
Colonic leiomyosarcoma with lung metastasis or lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Song Tongkun , Xu Kai , Xing JiaDi , Liu Maoxing , Tan Fei , Su Xiangqian 
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical MessageColonic leiomyosarcoma is a tumor with a very low incidence and a high metastasis rate, mainly lung metastasis. This report provides insights into the future treatment. Thoracic puncture is necessary for patients with pulmonary nodules.
Transient Kinetic Investigation of Chain Growth and the Accumulation of Surface Carbon During CO Hydrogenation on Cobalt Catalysts
Authors: Gäßler Max , Hermann Simon , Friedland Jens , Stahl Jakob , Mädler Lutz , Güttel Robert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCO hydrogenation is a promising approach for the storage of renewable energy in the form of hydrocarbons via the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Since transient operation of FTS reactors might be necessary and even be beneficial, transient kinetics for a rational catalyst and reactor design are essential. In order to advance the development of such transient kinetics, the periodic transient kinetics (PTK) method was applied to the CO hydrogenation on a Co/TiO2 catalyst under FT‐like conditions. It was revealed that there are two carbon species of different reactivity, Cα and Cβ, present on the catalyst surface during the reaction. Cα forms fast, within a few seconds, and is highly reactive. Whereas Cβ forms slowly, is accumulating on the surface over a longer time, and imposes an inhibiting effect. The results indicate an important role of the Cβ species to chain growth and the formation of C2+ products. Finally, the transient experimental results were evaluated based on a material balance and the amounts of Cα and Cβ present on the catalyst surface during the reaction were determined.
Influence of Ionic Liquid Film Thickness and Flow Rate on Macrocyclization Efficiency and Selectivity in Supported Ionic Liquid‐Liquid Phase Catalysis
Authors: Högler Marc , Kobayashi Takeshi , Kraus Hamzeh , Atwi Boshra , Buchmeiser Michael R. , Fyta Maria , Hansen Niels 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSupported ionic‐liquid phase (SILP) technology in a biphasic setting with n‐heptane as the transport phase was applied to the Ru‐alkylidene‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed macrocyclization of α,ω‐dienes to elucidate the effect of ionic liquid (IL)‐film thickness, flow rate as well as substrate and product concentration on macrocyclization efficiency, and Z‐selectivity. To understand the molecular‐level behavior of the substrates and products at the n‐heptane/IL interphase, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were conducted and correlated with experimental observations. The thickness of the IL layer strongly influences the Z/E ratio of the products in that a thin IL layer favors higher Z/E ratios by confining the catalyst between the pore wall and the liquid‐liquid interphase whereas a thick IL layer favors formation of the E‐product and Ru‐hydride catalyzed isomerization reactions. Also, macrocyclization efficiency, expressed by the ratio of oligomers/macromonocycle (O/MMC), is influenced both by the flow rate and the thickness of the IL layer.
NIR Diradical‐Featured Croconaine Nanoagent for Cancer Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Tang Yiru , Li Wanying , Zhou Xiaoling , Hao Na , Zhou Xia , Zhong Zhirong , Jian Yao , Wei Siping , Zheng Xiuli , Yang Lin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRadical‐featured organic materials usually demonstrate significantly narrower bandgap than that of regular organic materials, which is beneficial for near‐infrared (NIR) absorption and non‐radiative decay process, making them good candidates for photothermal agents (PTAs) of photothermal therapy (PTT). However, most organic radicals are too short‐lived to be separated and stable. Herein, a stable pyrylium‐croconaine (CR) dye CR845 with high diradical character was synthesized and assembled into CR845 nanoparticles (NPs) to explore the photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapeutic performance under NIR irradiation in vitro and in vivo. CR845 exhibited a stable NIR absorption at 845 nm (ϵ=3.37×105 L mol−1 cm−1) and a relatively high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of 58.8 %. When assembled into nanoparticles, CR845 NPs showed good photostability, good biocompatibility, favorable NIR photoacoustic potential, effective cancer cell killing and complete tumor elimination upon 850 nm laser irradiation. The work demonstrates a diradical‐featured CR PTA with favorable PAI/PTT effects, which can help to provide new ideas for the development of NIR PTAs, and further promote the application of organic radical materials in the field of biomedicine.
Molecular Engineering of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water
Authors: Su Jie , Li Ping , Duan Feng , Chen Yuxiang , Zhou Yida , Shen Mao , Zhang Li , Ren Shi‐Bin , Chen Mengyang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have demonstrated significant potential as photocatalysts for efficiently generating hydrogen through photocatalytic water splitting. However, the design of COFs with distinct organic unit blocks at a molecular level profoundly influences their photocatalytic performance. In this study, we synthesized a series of β‐ketoamine COFs through molecular engineering of nitrogen sites, including phenyl‐structured TpBD, phenylpyridine‐structured TpPpy, phenylpyrimidine‐structured TpPpm, and bipyridine‐structured TpBpy. Advanced characterization techniques reveal that TpPpm and TpBpy with more nitrogen sites exhibit superior efficiencies in electron transfer and charge separation compared to TpBD and TpPpy, thereby endowing them with enhanced photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution from water. As a result, the photocatalytic hydrogen production rates of TpPpm (33.80 mmol g−1 h−1) and TpBpy (29.18 mmol g−1 h−1) surpass those of TpBD (20.82 mmol g−1 h−1) and TpPpy (27.49 mmol g−1 h−1). Additionally, due to the different plane symmetries between Ppm and Bpy resulting from the various positions of nitrogen sites, TpPpm displays superior photochemical properties and better photocatalytic performance compared to TpBpy. Moreover, theoretical calculation results further confirm the exceptional intramolecular charge transfer ability of TpPpm among all COFs. This work underscores the significance of precisely controlling N sites in COFs for designing high‐performance photocatalysts.