bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics – A Tool for Applied Rheologists
Authors: Öttinger Hans Christian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
GENERIC is reviewed not only as a new general framework for modeling nonequilibrium systems, but also as a new way of thinking about nonequilibrium dynamics. This unified framework of nonequilibrium thermodynamics is shown to be deeply rooted in the ample accumulated experience with nonequilibrium systems and, provided that state variables with slow and fast time-evolution can be separated, the framework can actually be derived. In view of its natural capability of modeling systems on different levels of description, GENERIC is ideal for the highly topical attempts of “bridging scales” in science and engineering. The practical usefulness of GENERIC as a powerful tool in the phenomenological and structure-guided modeling of complex fluids is illustrated through two examples.
Modelling the Seepage of Groundwater: Application of the Viscous Analogy and Numerical Methods
Authors: Krusteva Ekaterina D. , Radoslavov Stefan Y. , Diankov Zdravko I. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The application of the viscous analogy, known as the Hele-Show model, for seepage investigation is demonstrated in the paper. The changes in the viscous properties of the model fluid (glycerine) resulting from the changes of the atmospheric conditions - temperature and humidity, have been taken under consideration as factors influencing the flow discharge in the model. A method has been substantiated for the exact quantitative comparison of discharges obtained under different boundary conditions of the seepage process using parallel rheological measurements of the model fluid. The results from the viscous and mathematical models are compared for a particular two-dimensional seepage process - the operation of a horizontal drainage. The complete coincidence of these results, proves the good grounds of the method as well as its applicability as a test method for the development of mathematical models.
Viscosity Measurements on Powders with a New Viscometer
Authors: Weigand Judith 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAt a closer look powder is found throughout all kind of industries. Dough and sugar in the food industry, pigments in the paint industry and drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, just to mention a few. Even though powder is obviously a common substance of a product or raw materials and therefore ingredients have to be handled as a powder, none or only little work has been done to characterize their flow properties. Probably the lack on suitable measuring devices gives reason for that. Therefore a new powder viscometer has been developed. Prior to the presentation of the achieved results from that new machine, an introduction to powder properties, examples for bulk materials in the industry and a comparison of adhesive forces in bulk materials will be given.
Five ICS cybersecurity myths based on Kaspersky Lab ICS CERT experience
Authors: Goncharov Evgeny , Kruglov Kirill , Dashchenko Yuliya 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Today, industrial cybersecurity is in the early stages of its development, gradually evolving into a science and technology discipline that will become the cornerstone of industrial manufacturing and construction technologies, the infrastructure of modern cities, transportation, healthcare, etc. The community of researchers and engineers is constantly looking for solutions to protect both existing systems and future technologies. As we depart from the starting point, we must build our assumptions on an objective assessment of the current situation, because, at this stage, even seemingly insignificant misconceptions can cause major fluctuations that prevent us from choosing the right strategy. In this article, we will discuss typical misconceptions and common errors in assessing the security of industrial control systems that Kaspersky Lab ICS CERT experts encounter in their day-to-day communication with people from different industrial sectors and the community of information security experts. We will support our conclusions with the results of the past several years’ research into the various cyberthreats affecting industrial enterprises.
Automated security testing for web applications on industrial automation and control systems
Authors: Pfrang Steffen , Borcherding Anne , Meier David , Beyerer Jürgen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Industrial automation and control systems (IACS) play a key role in modern production facilities. On the one hand, they provide real-time functionality to the connected field devices. On the other hand, they get more and more connected to local networks and the internet in order to facilitate use cases promoted by “Industrie 4.0”. A lot of IACS are equipped with web servers that provide web applications for configuration and management purposes. If an attacker gains access to such a web application operated on an IACS, he can exploit vulnerabilities and possibly interrupt the critical automation process. Cyber security research for web applications is well-known in the office IT. There exist a lot of best practices and tools for testing web applications for different kinds of vulnerabilities. Security testing targets at discovering those vulnerabilities before they can get exploited. In order to enable IACS manufacturers and integrators to perform security tests for their devices, ISuTest was developed, a modular security testing framework for IACS.
This paper provides a classification of known types of web application vulnerabilities. Therefore, it makes use of the worst direct impact of a vulnerability. Based on this analysis, a subset of open-source vulnerability scanners to detect such vulnerabilities is selected to be integrated into ISuTest. Subsequently, the integration is evaluated. This evaluation is twofold: At first, willful vulnerable web applications are used. In a second step, seven real IACS, like a programmable logic controller, industrial switches and cloud gateways, are used. Both evaluation steps start with the manual examination of the web applications for vulnerabilities. They conclude with an automated test of the web applications using the vulnerability scanners automated by ISuTest.
The results show that the vulnerability scanners detected 53 % of the existing vulnerabilities. In a former study using commercial vulnerability scanners, 54 % of the security flaws could be found. While performing the analysis, 45 new vulnerabilities were detected. Some of them did not only break the web server but crashed the whole IACS, stopping the critical automation process. This shows that security testing is crucial in the industrial domain and needs to cover all services provided by the devices.
Health Care Home: Early Evidence from Linked Administrative Data in New Zealand
Authors: Dasgupta Kabir , Pacheco Gail 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Our analysis presents a case study on the impacts of Health Care Home (HCH) – a large-scale technology-based healthcare innovation in New Zealand’s primary healthcare system. For our analysis, we link the registered population of health practices within the Wellington region to administrative hospital admission data for quarterly periods between 2014 and 2017. By employing variation in the timing of HCH implementation across practices (selected via propensity score matching), we estimate differences-in-differences models to investigate the effects of the intervention on multiple patient outcomes. Additionally, we incorporate a number of empirical specifications to test the robustness of estimates. HCH results in a statistically significant reduction in the likelihood of emergency department (ED) presentations by 6–8 %, with no significant impacts on other health outcomes. The impact on ED presentations aligns with the expectation that the HCH intervention would produce downstream effects of a reduced economic burden on public hospital services.
Students’ Social Origins and Targeted Grading
Authors: Tampieri Alessandro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We study an economy where a school can target grades according to students’social groups, and privileged students are more likely to obtain a high academic achievement. In this context, we analyse the welfare effects of introducing alternative policies. Banning targeted grading generally maximises welfare, through an increase in the wage of privileged students. This result does not hold though when the proportion of high achievers is large, and labour demand is high. In this case, banning wage discrimination among social groups maximises welfare, through an increase in the wages of underprivileged students.
Regular Equilibria and Negative Welfare Implications in Delegation Games
Authors: Tajika Tomoya 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study examines delegation games in which each player commits to a reaction function in advance. We focus on the regular subgame perfect equilibria of delegation games in the sense that the chosen reaction functions have an invertible Jacobian. Subsequently we provide a necessary condition under which an action profile is achieved as a regular equilibrium of n-player delegation games. In two-player games with misaligned preferences, each efficient action profile violates the necessary condition. We also show that almost action profiles other than efficient ones are achieved as regular equilibria of the delegation game in which the chosen reaction functions are linear. This finding implies that each delegatee’s objective is written as a quadratic function, which may justify the linear-quadratic specification of the objective functions in applications.
A Nitsche-eXtended Finite Element Method for Distributed Optimal Control Problems of Elliptic Interface Equations
Authors: Wang Tao , Yang Chaochao , Xie Xiaoping 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper analyzes an interface-unfitted numerical method for distributed optimal control problems governed by elliptic interface equations.
We follow the variational discretization concept to discretize the optimal control problems and apply a Nitsche-eXtended finite element method to discretize the corresponding state and adjoint equations, where piecewise cut basis functions around the interface are enriched into the standard linear element space.
Optimal error estimates of the state, co-state and control in a mesh-dependent norm and the

L
2

{L^{2}}

norm are derived.
Numerical results are provided to verify the theoretical results.
Lagrangian Mixed Finite Element Methods for Nonlinear Thin Shell Problems
Authors: Karchevsky Mikhail M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A class of Lagrangian mixed finite element methods is constructed for an approximate solution of a problem of nonlinear thin elastic shell theory, namely, the problem of finding critical points of the functional of potential energy according to the Budiansky–Sanders model.
The proposed numerical method is based on the use of the second derivatives
of the deflection as auxiliary variables.
Sufficient conditions for the solvability of the corresponding discrete problem
are obtained. Accuracy estimates for approximate solutions are established.
Iterative methods for solving the corresponding systems of nonlinear equations are
proposed and investigated.
Initiation and short crack growth behaviour of environmentally induced cracks in AA5083 H131 investigated across time and length scales
Authors: Gudla Visweswara C. , Garner Alistair , Storm Malte , Gajjar Parmesh , Carr James , Palmer Benjamin C. , Lewandowski John J. , Withers Philip J. , Holroyd N. J. Henry , Burnett Timothy L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Environmentally induced cracking (EIC) in a sensitized high-strength AA5083 H131 alloy has been investigated using time-lapse synchrotron X-ray computed tomography combined with post-mortem correlative characterization. Small corrosion features deliberately introduced in a pre-exposure step were found to be the site of initiation for over 95% of the 44 EIC cracks that developed under slow strain rate testing. Detailed analysis using three-dimensional electron backscatter diffraction and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis of a single crack confirmed the intergranular nature of the cracks from the start and that the pre-exposure corrosion was associated with an α-AlFeMnSi particle cluster. It also appears that several cracks may have initiated at this site, which later coalesced to form the 300-μm-long crack that ultimately developed. Of further note is the fact that initiation of the EIC cracks across the sample started below the yield strength and continued beyond the ultimate tensile strength. The most rapid crack propagation occurred during sample extension following a period of fixed displacement.
Simplified optimal modeling of resin injection molding process
Authors: Chwał Małgorzata , Muc Aleksander 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA simplified procedure has been developed to optimize the molding processes of thermosetting resins. The proposed methodology involves the classical finite element commercial package (NISA II v. 17). Here, the theoretical background and numerical implementation of the procedure are described. Various design variables that can describe the RIM are discussed. The solved example represents the influence of the heating regime on the curing process. The results are compared with the results obtained with the use of full analysis conducted with the aid of the finite volume analysis (filling and curing stages). They demonstrate the evident advantages of using the simplified optimization approach.
Effect of coupling agent on the morphological characteristics of natural rubber/silica composites foams
Authors: Bayat Hossein , Fasihi Mohammad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe effect of coupling agent on the morphological characteristics of natural rubber/silica composite foams with various silica contents was studied. Bis 3-triet-hoxysilylpropyl tetrasulfide (TESPT) was used as coupling agent in this system. It could make a chemical bond with the silica particles. By increasing the silica content, cell size of foams was reduced more that 50% and foam density was increased up to 40%. However, compatibilized composites demonstrated about 20% lower foam density and higher cell size. In this case, strong adhesion between the components prevented gas from escaping out. While, in the foams excluded coupling agent the weak adhesion between particles and rubber created an escape path for gas from the interface of components. So, lower cell size and higher density were achieved.
A Multi-Thresholding Method Based on Otsu’s Algorithm for the Detection of Concealed Threats in Passive Millimeter-Wave Images
Authors: Işıker Hakan , Özdemir Caner 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this study, an algorithm to the detection and imaging of hidden arms for passive millimeter-wave (PMMW) imaging systems is proposed. This technique is; in fact, an improved version of our previously developed auto-classification algorithm by extending it by exploiting the Otsu’s multi-level thresholding method. The detailed derivation and the brief steps of the proposed algorithm are given. The proposed algorithm is tested and validated by real PMMW images obtained by a real radiometric imaging system. Resultant measured images are obtained with the employment of signal and image processing procedures of the suggested technique. It is demonstrated by the constructed PMMW images that proposed technique successfully detects a concealed metal threat and also predicts its size by drawing the shape outline based on Otsu’s multi-level thresholding routine that was specially tailored to our auto-classification technique.
Extractives and biological activities of Lamiaceae species growing in Uzbekistan
Authors: Mamadalieva Nilufar Z. , Akramov Davlat Kh. , Böhmdorfer Stefan , Azimova Shahnoz S. , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Plants of the Lamiaceae family are important ornamental, medicinal and aromatic plants, with many of them producing essential oils that are used in traditional and modern medicine as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. This review summarizes research on selected Lamiaceae species from the Uzbekistan flora with regard to their chemical constituents and biological activity. These plants contain many bioactive compounds, such as ecdysteroids, iridoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics and alkaloids, exhibiting different antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The botanical description, taxonomy, habitat and ethnopharmacology of the investigated Lamiaceae species that have been used in Uzbek traditional medicine are presented as well, including the local names.
Features of the language of law: A comparative study of Polish, English and Indonesian legal texts
Authors: Zozula Daria 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Researchers studying the language of law agree that there is a number of certain features which are characteristic of the legal genre, regardless of the language of the legal text. Among the most commonly listed features of lingua legis are: conventionalised sentences, performative verbs, Latinisms, euphemisms, and time expressions. The paper provides a discussion of these features, as well as provides examples of their occurrence in Polish, English, and Indonesian legal texts. The analised corpus includes the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, The Constitution of the United States of America with amendments, Polish and Indonesian Civil Codes (clauses concerning obligations), together with a set of parallel texts of rental agreements and real estate sale contracts.
Surgical leadership in changing times: the American College of Surgeons perspective
Authors: Bass Barbara Lee 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSurgeons around the globe are challenged by the rapid evolution of the environment in which they practice their profession. Changes in surgical technologies, the complexity of surgical patient care, and the regulatory and financial environment of surgical care delivery demand that surgeons be supported in their work with access to superb educational offerings and engagement to foster satisfaction and efficacy in their professional activities. The American College of Surgeons (ACS), the largest international surgical professional organization, is committed to supporting surgeons as leaders in the healthcare system to build programs to create the optimal environment for delivery of quality surgical care to our patients. A selected portfolio of the programs of the ACS is presented.
“And in the fourth year Egypt rebelled ...” The Chronology of and Sources for Egypt’s Second Revolt (ca. 487–484 BC)
Authors: Wijnsma Uzume Z. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractScholars continue to give different dates for Egypt’s second revolt against the Persians: Classicists generally date the revolt to 487–485 or 487/486–485/484 BC; Egyptologists and historians of the Achaemenid Empire generally date it to 486–485/484; while some scholars date it to 486/485–485/484. Such chronological differences may sound small, but they have important consequences for the way the rebellion is understood. The purpose of the present article is therefore twofold: first, it aims to clarify what we can and cannot know about the rebellion’s exact chronology. After a review of the relevant evidence, it will be argued that the best chronological framework for the rebellion remains the one provided by Herodotus’sHistories, which places the rebellion in ca. 487–484. Second, the article will show how this chronology influences our understanding of the geographical extent and social impact of the rebellion. The adoption of Herodotus’s chronological framework, for example, results in a larger number of Egyptian sources that can be connected to the period of revolt than was previously recognized. These sources, it will be argued, suggest that some people in the country remained loyal to the Persian regime while others were already fighting against it. Moreover, they indicate that the revolt reached Upper Egypt and that it may have affected the important city of Thebes.
Elementary abelian subgroups in some special 𝑝-groups
Authors: Xu Xingzhong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Let P be a finite p-group and p an odd prime.
Let

𝒜
p

⁢

(
P
)

≥
2

{\mathcal{A}_{p}(P)_{\geq 2}}

be a poset consisting of elementary abelian subgroups of rank at least 2.
If the derived subgroup

P
′

≅

C
p

×

C
p

{P^{\prime}\cong C_{p}\times C_{p}}

, then the spheres occurring in

𝒜
p

⁢

(
P
)

≥
2

{\mathcal{A}_{p}(P)_{\geq 2}}

all have the same dimension.
Assessment of retinal thickness as a marker of brain masculinization in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a pilot study
Authors: Onal Hasan , Kutlu Esra , Aydın Banu , Ersen Atilla , Topal Neval , Adal Erdal , Güneş Hatice , Doktur Hilal , Tanıdır Canan , Pirhan Dilara , Sayın Nihat 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between brain masculinization and retinal thickness in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).MethodsForty-five patients with CAH aged between 4 and 18 years and 30 age-matched healthy controls were included in this prospective study. Macular area was examined with optical coherence tomography (OCT); central subfield thickness (CST), cube volume (CV) and macular retinal thickness (MT) were measured in each subject. A gender identity questionnaire (GIQ) was used for the evaluation of gender happiness index.ResultsGirls with CAH had a higher CV (p = 0.002) and MT (p = 0.003) than healthy girls. No significant difference was found between boys with CAH and healthy boys regarding the retinal thickness measurements. Mean CST, CV and MT were significantly higher in boys than in girls in the control group (p = 0.013, p < 0.001, respectively), but there was no significant difference in those parameters between girls and boys with CAH. The gender happiness index was not different between healthy boys and boys with CAH, but was significantly lower in girls with CAH than healthy girls (p = 0.01).ConclusionsAs retina is part of the brain, our finding appears to be a morphological evidence of the excess androgen exposure on brain structures in girls with CAH. In addition, we suggest using retinal thickness measurements as a marker of prenatal excess androgen exposure in future studies.
Medieval Organ Tablature on a Manuscript Fragment from the National Museum Library
Authors: Horyna Martin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The manuscript fragment in the collection of the National Museum Library in Prague under shelf mark 1 D a 3/52 is a sheet of paper with writing on both sides, containing two strata of inscriptions. The first stratum consists of accounting records, one of which is dated to 1356. That is also the terminus post quem for the other stratum of inscriptions, namely the musical notation of two liturgical plainchants in two-voice organ paraphrases. This involves the introit Salve, sancta parens and the Kyrie magne Deus. The discant is written in black mensural notation on a staff, while the tenor, which quotes the plainchant melody, is partially written in musical notation on the same staff, partially notated by letters for note names, and partially only indicated by syllables of text of the original plainchant. This notation documents the transition from practise without notation to the written notation of music for keyboard instruments, and it significantly supplements the material found in treatises from the milieu of the ars organisandi, which are available to us from fifteenth-century manuscripts.