bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pervasive admixture between eucalypt species has consequences for conservation and assisted migration
Authors: von Takach Dukai Brenton , Jack Cameron , Borevitz Justin , Lindenmayer David B. , Banks Sam C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractConservation management often uses information on genetic population structure to assess the importance of local provenancing for ecological restoration and reintroduction programs. For species that do not exhibit complete reproductive isolation, the estimation of population genetic parameters may be influenced by the extent of admixture. Therefore, to avoid perverse outcomes for conservation, genetically informed management strategies must determine whether hybridization between species is relevant, and the extent to which observed population genetic patterns are shaped by interspecific versus intraspecific gene flow. We used genotyping by sequencing to identify over 2,400 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms across 18 populations of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell., a foundation tree species of montane forests in south‐eastern Australia. We used these data to determine the extent of hybridization with another species, Eucalyptus obliqua L'Hér., and investigate how admixture influences genetic diversity parameters, by estimating metrics of genetic diversity and examining population genetic structure in datasets with and without admixed individuals. We found hybrid individuals at all sites and two highly introgressed populations. Hybrid individuals were not distributed evenly across environmental gradients, with logistic regression identifying hybrids as being associated with temperature. Removal of hybrids resulted in increases in genetic differentiation (FST), expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity and the inbreeding coefficient, and different patterns of isolation by distance. After removal of hybrids and introgressed populations, mountain ash showed very little population genetic structure, with a small effect of isolation by distance, and very low global FST(0.03). Our study shows that, in plants, decisions around provenancing of individuals for restoration depend on knowledge of whether hybridization is influencing population genetic structure. For species in which most genetic variation is held within populations, there may be little benefit in planning conservation strategies around environmental adaptation of seed sources. The possibility for adaptive introgression may also be relevant when species regularly hybridize.
Incorporating local adaptation into forecasts of species’ distribution and abundance under climate change
Authors: DeMarche Megan L. , Doak Daniel F. , Morris William F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPopulations of many species are genetically adapted to local historical climate conditions. Yet most forecasts of species’ distributions under climate change have ignored local adaptation (LA), which may paint a false picture of how species will respond across their geographic ranges. We review recent studies that have incorporated intraspecific variation, a potential proxy for LA, into distribution forecasts, assess their strengths and weaknesses, and make recommendations for how to improve forecasts in the face of LA. The three methods used so far (species distribution models, response functions, and mechanistic models) reflect a trade‐off between data availability and the ability to rigorously demonstrate LA to climate. We identify key considerations for incorporating LA into distribution forecasts that are currently missing from many published studies, including testing the spatial scale and pattern of LA, the confounding effects of LA to nonclimatic or biotic drivers, and the need to incorporate empirically based dispersal or gene flow processes. We suggest approaches to better evaluate these aspects of LA and their effects on species‐level forecasts. In particular, we highlight demographic and dynamic evolutionary models as promising approaches to better integrate LA into forecasts, and emphasize the importance of independent model validation. Finally, we urge closer examination of how LA will alter the responses of central vs. marginal populations to allow stronger generalizations about changes in distribution and abundance in the face of LA.
Multifunctional BaTiO3‐(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐based MLCC with high‐energy storage properties and temperature stability
Authors: Chen Lingling , Wang Hongxian , Zhao Peiyao , Zhu Chaoqiong , Cai Ziming , Cen Zhenyong , Li Longtu , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBaTiO3‐(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3(BTBNT)‐based multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) chips with the inner electrodes being Ag0.6/Pd0.4 are prepared by a roll‐to‐roll casting method. The BTBNT‐based MLCC chips with ten‐dielectric layers can be sintered very well at a low temperature of 1130°C via two‐step sintering (TSS). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) results show that MLCC chips are a core‐shell structure with two phases coexistence. The core exhibits a tetragonal phase at room temperature and then gradually changes into a cubic phase when the temperature increases above Tc(175°C). While, the shell exhibits a pseudocubic phase at all tested temperature from 25°C to 500°C. BTBNT‐based MLCC chips exhibit a broad temperature stability and meet the requirement of Electronic Industries Association (EIA) X9R specifications. In terms of energy storage performance, a large discharge energy density of 3.33 J/cm3can be obtained at 175°C under the applied electric field of 480 kV/cm. Among all tested temperature ranging from −50°C to 200°C, the energy efficiency of all chips is higher than 80%, even under a high applied electric field. The experimental results indicate that this novel BTBNT‐based X9R MLCCs can be one of the most promising candidates for energy storage applications, especially operated in high temperature.
Effect of rapamycin on bone mass and strength in the α2(I)‐G610C mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Bateman John F. , Sampurno Lisa , Maurizi Antonio , Lamandé Shireen R. , Sims Natalie A. , Cheng Tegan L. , Schindeler Aaron , Little David G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is commonly caused by heterozygous type I collagen structural mutations that disturb triple helix folding and integrity. This mutant‐containing misfolded collagen accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induces a form of ER stress associated with negative effects on osteoblast differentiation and maturation. Therapeutic induction of autophagy to degrade the mutant collagens could therefore be useful in ameliorating the ER stress and deleterious downstream consequences. To test this, we treated a mouse model of mild to moderate OI (α2(I) G610C) with dietary rapamycin from 3 to 8 weeks of age and effects on bone mass and mechanical properties were determined. OI bone mass and mechanics were, as previously reported, compromised compared to WT. While rapamycin treatment improved the trabecular parameters of WT and OI bones, the biomechanical deficits of OI bones were not rescued. Importantly, we show that rapamycin treatment suppressed the longitudinal and transverse growth of OI, but not WT, long bones. Our work demonstrates that dietary rapamycin offers no clinical benefit in this OI model and furthermore, the impact of rapamycin on OI bone growth could exacerbate the clinical consequences during periods of active bone growth in patients with OI caused by collagen misfolding mutations.
Friends or foes? Examining platform owners’ entry into complementors’ spaces
Authors: Zhu Feng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAs platform owners continue to expand their ecosystems, many of them have started to provide consumers with their own complementary applications. These moves position the platform owners as direct competitors to their complementors. This paper surveys empirical studies that examine the direct entry of platform owners into complementors’ product spaces. It finds that both the motivation and impact of such entries on complementors are multifaceted. The motivation behind platform owners’ direct entry goes beyond value capture, and the impact of platform entry on complementors varies across empirical settings. It identifies several future research directions that can help advance our understanding of the relationships between platform owners and complementors.
Abnormalities in acute salivary biochemical characteristic responses to gustatory stimulation with citric acid in chronic non‐atrophic gastritis
Authors: Lin Chuan‐Quan , Wang Li‐Hui , Yang Long , Qiu Xiang‐Hong , Wang Dong‐Xu , Liang Xue‐Dan , Chen Long‐Hui , Xie Hai‐Mei , Wang Shuang‐Shuang , Li Ru‐Liu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimSalivary characteristics are altered in gastrointestinal diseases and related to oral taste disorder. However, specific salivary biochemical characteristics and their relationships with oral taste disturbances in chronic non‐atrophy gastritis (CNAG) remain uncertain.MethodsSeventy patients with CNAG and 70 subjects in healthy control group (HCG) were enrolled in our study. The levels of salivary flow rate (SFR), pH, salivary α‐amylase (sAA) activity, total protein density (TPD), chloride concentration, and calcium concentration were determined before and after citric acid stimulation and compared between CNAG with and without oral taste disturbances.ResultsAverage body mass index (BMI) of CNAG (17.75 ± 2.08) was lower than that of HCG (21.96 ± 1.72, P < 0.01). Compared with HCG, CNAG showed increased TPD and calcium concentration but decreased SFR both before and after acid stimulation (P < 0.01), as well as reduced sAA and salivary chloride responses to acid stimulation (P < 0.01). Compared with CNAG with normal BMI (24.29%, 17/70), sAA activity response to acid stimulation was reduced in those with low BMI (75.71%, 53/70, P < 0.05). Under resting condition, CNAG with dry mouth (55.71%, 39/70) showed increased SFR and decreased TPD (P < 0.05), as compared with CNAG without dry mouth (44.29%, 31/70). Compared with CNAG without bitter taste (57.14%, 40/70), pH was decreased in those with bitter taste (42.86%, 30/70) under both resting and stimulated conditions (P < 0.05).ConclusionDecreased sAA activity may reflect malnutrition state and be one potential marker of poor digestion, decreased salivary pH may contribute to bitter taste perception, and reduced TPD might be a cause of dry mouth in CNAG.
Combination therapy versus monotherapy in the treatment of recalcitrant warts: A clinical and immunological study
Authors: Nofal Ahmad , Elkot Reham , Nofal Eman , Mazen Mai 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundTreatment of recalcitrant warts represents a continuing therapeutic challenge. Combination therapies can help improve treatment response, decrease adverse effects, and reduce recurrence.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy, safety and immunological effects of a combined acitretin‐intralesional Candida antigen against acitretin alone and Candida antigen alone for intractable warts.MethodsSixty adult patients with intractable warts were included in this study. Patients were subdivided into three groups, each containing 20 patients. Acitretin alone was taken by patients of group I, Candida antigen alone was injected in patients of group II, and group III received a combination of intralesional Candida antigen and acitretin. Serum cytokine levels of IL‐10 and IFN‐γ were measured before and after therapy in the studied groups.ResultsTotal resolution of warts was achieved in 8 patients (40%) of the acitretin alone group, 9 patients (45%) of the Candida antigen alone group and 15 patients (75%) of the combination therapy group. The therapeutic response was statistically higher in the combined acitretin‐Candida antigen group as compared with either agent alone. Adverse effects were non‐significant in the three groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the serum levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐10 between responders and non‐responders after therapy in the three studied groups.ConclusionThe combination therapy of acitretin + Candida antigen is superior to either agent alone. Serum cytokine levels of IL‐10 and IFN‐γ were not associated with clearance or persistence of warts in any of the studied groups.
Sterol‐standardized phytopharmaceutical from ground cherry: Corticoid‐like properties on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts and its effects in a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Pereda Maria Del Carmen V. , Dieamant Gustavo , Nogueira Cecília , Eberlin Samara , Facchini Gustavo , Mussi Lilian , Polezel Marcio A. , Martins‐Oliveira Divino , Rosa Paulo T.V. , Di Stasi Luiz C. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundTopical corticosteroids have been the most commonly prescribed drugs to treat skin inflammation, but their uses can lead to several adverse effects. Nowadays, new pharmacological strategies have been evaluated to improve dermatologic efficacy and reduce adverse effects, including natural products.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of a plant sterol standardized supercritical CO2 phytopharmaceutical of Physalis angulata L. with hydrocortisone on the immune and inflammatory mediators, and skin repair components production. Moreover, we studied effects of both products on the skin microcirculation and temperature in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial.MethodsBoth products were evaluated on the immune (IL‐6, IL‐10, INF‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐1α), inflammatory (COX‐2, LOX, PLA2, PGE2, LTB4, histamine, and NF‐κB), and repair components (TGF‐β, GM‐CSF, collagen, and GAG) production on human keratinocytes and fibroblast in non‐stimulated and LPS‐stimulated conditions. Indeed, in a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial, we evaluated the effects of the both creams on the skin microcirculation and temperature using laser Doppler and infrared thermometer, respectively.ResultsPhysalis angulata acted on the skin, modulating immune status and inflammatory response producing corticoid‐like effects, but different of hydrocortisone, increased skin repair factors. The effects of phytopharmaceutical cream in the clinical trial promoted a better reduction in skin microcirculation and temperature than hydrocortisone.ConclusionsTaken together, the results indicate that sterol standardized CO2 supercritical preparation of P angulata is a new and innovative phytopharmaceutical with multiple pharmacological effects potentially useful as human skin protective product, particularly against cutaneous inflammatory disorders.
Melatonin in macrophage biology: Current understanding and future perspectives
Authors: Xia Yaoyao , Chen Siyuan , Zeng Sijing , Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhu Congrui , Deng Baichuan , Zhu Guoqiang , Yin Yulong , Wang Wence , Hardeland Rüdiger , Ren Wenkai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMelatonin is a ubiquitous hormone found in various organisms and highly affects the function of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the significance of melatonin in macrophage biology and the beneficial effects of melatonin in macrophage‐associated diseases. Enzymes associated with synthesis of melatonin, as well as membrane receptors for melatonin, are found in macrophages. Indeed, melatonin influences the phenotype polarization of macrophages. Mechanistically, the roles of melatonin in macrophages are related to several cellular signaling pathways, such as NF‐κB, STATs, and NLRP3/caspase‐1. Notably, miRNAs (eg, miR‐155/‐34a/‐23a), cellular metabolic pathways (eg, α‐KG, HIF‐1α, and ROS), and mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are also involved. Thus, melatonin modulates the development and progression of various macrophage‐associated diseases, such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. This review provides a better understanding about the importance of melatonin in macrophage biology and macrophage‐associated diseases.
Melatonin multiple effects on brown adipose tissue molecular machinery
Authors: de Souza Caroline A. P. , Gallo Camila Congentino , de Camargo Ludmilla Scodeler , de Carvalho Paula Vargas Versignassi , Olesçuck Ingrid Fernandes , Macedo Felipe , da Cunha Fernanda Marques , Cipolla‐Neto José , do Amaral Fernanda G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) influences energy balance through nonshivering thermogenesis, and its metabolism daily and seasonal variations are regulated by melatonin through partially known mechanisms. We evaluated the role of melatonin in BAT molecular machinery of male Control, pinealectomized (PINX), and melatonin‐treated pinealectomized (PINX/Mel) adult rats. BAT was collected either every 3 hours over 24 hours or after cold or high‐fat diet (HFD) acute exposure. HFD PINX animals presented decreased Dio2 expression, while HFD PINX/Mel animals showed increased Dio2, Ucp1, and Cidea expression. Cold‐exposed PINX rats showed decreased Dio2 and Lhs expression, and melatonin treatment augmented Adrβ3, Dio2, Ucp1, and Cidea expression. Daily profiles analyses showed altered Dio2, Lhs, Ucp1, Pgc1α, and Cidea gene and UCP1 protein expression in PINX animals, leading to altered rhythmicity under sub‐thermoneutral conditions, which was partially restored by melatonin treatment. The same was observed for mitochondrial complexes I, II, and IV protein expression and enzyme activity. Melatonin absence seems to impair BAT responses to metabolic challenges, and melatonin replacement reverses this effect, with additional increase in the expression of crucial genes, suggesting that melatonin plays an important role in several key points of the thermogenic activation pathway, influencing both the rhythmic profile of the tissue and its ability to respond to metabolic challenges, which is crucial for the organism homeostasis.
Melatonin regulates the activities of ovary and delays the fertility decline in female animals via MT1/AMPK pathway
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhang Zhenzhen , Wang Jing , Lv Dongying , Zhu Tianqi , Wang Feng , Tian Xiuzhi , Yao Yujun , Ji Pengyun , Liu Guoshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFemale fertility irreversibly declines with aging, and this is primarily associated with the decreased quality and quantity of oocytes. To evaluate whether a long‐term of melatonin treatment would improve the fertility of aged mice, different concentrations of melatonin (10−3, 10−5, 10−7 mol/L) were supplemented into drinking water. Melatonin treatments improved the litter sizes of mice at the age of 24 weeks. Mice treated with 10−5 mol/L melatonin had the largest litter size among other concentrations. At this optimal concentration, melatonin not only significantly increased the total number of oocytes but also their quality, having more oocytes with normal morphology that could generate more blastocyst after in vitro fertilization in melatonin (10−5 mol/L)‐treated group than that in the controls. When these blastocysts were transferred to recipients, the litter size was also significantly larger in melatonin treated mice than that in controls. The increases in TAOC and SOD level and decreases in MDA were detected in ovaries and uterus from melatonin‐treated mice compared to the controls. Melatonin reduced ROS level and maintained mitochondrial membrane potential in the oocytes cultured in vitro. Mechanistically studies revealed that the beneficial effects of melatonin on oocytes were mediated by MT1 receptor and AMPK pathway. Thereafter, MT1 knocking out (MT1‐KO) were generated and shown significantly reduced number of oocytes and litter size. The expression ofSIRT1,C‐myc,andCHOPwere downregulated in the ovary of MT1‐KO mice, but SIRT1 and p‐NF‐kB protein level were elevated in response to disturbed redox balance. The results have convincingly proven that melatonin administration delays ovary aging and improves fertility in mice via MT1/AMPK pathway.
Changes in characteristics of periodontal ligament stem cells in spheroid culture
Authors: Iwasaki Kengo , Nagata Mizuki , Akazawa Keiko , Watabe Tetsuro , Morita Ikuo 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThe periodontal ligament (PDL) has important roles in maintaining homeostasis, wound healing, and regeneration of periodontal tissues by supplying stem/progenitor cells. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐like characteristics and can be isolated from periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of three‐dimensional spheroid culture on the characteristics of PDLSCs.Material and MethodsPeriodontal ligament stem cells were isolated and cultured from healthy teeth, and PDLSC spheroids were formed by pellet culture in polypropylene tubes. The proliferation of PDLSCs in spheroids and conventional two‐dimensional (2D) cultures were examined by immunostaining for Ki67. Cell death and cell size were analyzed using flow cytometry. Gene expression changes were investigated by quantitative real time PCR.ResultsPeriodontal ligament stem cells spontaneously formed spheroid masses in pellet culture. The size of PDLSC spheroids was inversely proportional to the culture period. Fewer Ki67‐positive cells were detected in PDLSC spheroids compared to those in 2D culture. Flow cytometry revealed an increase in dead cells and a decrease in cell size in PDLSC spheroids. The expression levels of genes related to anti‐inflammation (TSG6, COX2, MnSOD) and angiogenesis (VEGF, bFGF, HGF) were drastically increased by spheroid culture compared to 2D culture. TSG6 gene expression was inhibited in PDLSC spheroids in the presence of the apoptosis signal inhibitor, Z‐VAD‐FMK. Additionally, PDLSC spheroid transplantation into rat periodontal defects did not induce the regeneration of periodontal tissues.ConclusionsWe found that spheroid culture of PDLSCs affected several characteristics of PDLSCs, including the expression of genes related to anti‐inflammation and angiogenesis; apoptosis signaling may be involved in these changes. Our results revealed the characteristics of PDLSCs in spheroid culture and have provided new information to the field of stem cell research.
Targeting the pattern‐triggered immunity pathway to enhance resistance to Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Sarowar Sujon , Alam Syeda T. , Makandar Ragiba , Lee Hyeonju , Trick Harold N. , Dong Yanhong , Shah Jyoti 
Published: December 2018

SummaryFusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of the floral tissues of wheat and barley for which highly resistant varieties are not available. Thus, there is a need to identify genes/mechanisms that can be targeted for the control of this devastating disease. Fusarium graminearum is the primary causal agent of FHB in North America. In addition, it also causes Fusarium seedling blight. Fusarium graminearum can also cause disease in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis–F. graminearum pathosystem has facilitated the identification of targets for the control of disease caused by this fungus. Here, we show that resistance against F. graminearum can be enhanced by flg22, a bacterial microbe‐associated molecular pattern (MAMP). flg22‐induced resistance in Arabidopsis requires its cognate pattern recognition receptor (PRR) FLS2, and is accompanied by the up‐regulation of WRKY29. The expression of WRKY29, which is associated with pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI), is also induced in response to F. graminearum infection. Furthermore, WRKY29 is required for basal resistance as well as flg22‐induced resistance to F. graminearum. Moreover, constitutive expression of WRKY29 in Arabidopsis enhances disease resistance. The PTI pathway is also activated in response to F. graminearum infection of wheat. Furthermore, flg22 application and ectopic expression of WRKY29 enhance FHB resistance in wheat. Thus, we conclude that the PTI pathway provides a target for the control of FHB in wheat. We further show that the ectopic expression of WRKY29 in wheat results in shorter stature and early heading time, traits that are important to wheat breeding.