bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent Medical Traumatic Stress and Associated Family Outcomes After Pediatric Critical Illness: A Systematic Review*
Authors: Yagiela Lauren M. , Carlton Erin F. , Meert Kathleen L. , Odetola Fola O. , Cousino Melissa K. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:
To critically review, analyze, and synthesize the literature on parent medical traumatic stress from a child’s critical illness requiring PICU admission and its association with outcomes of parent mental and physical health, and family functioning.

Data Sources:
Systematic literature search of Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsychInfo.

Study Selection:
Two reviewers identified peer-reviewed published articles with the following criteria: 1) published between January 1, 1980, and August 1, 2018; 2) published in English; 3) study population of parents of children with a PICU admission; and 4) quantitative studies examining factors associated with outcomes of parent mental health, parent physical health, or family functioning.

Data Extraction:
Literature search yielded 2,476 articles, of which 23 studies met inclusion criteria. Study data extracted included study characteristics, descriptive statistics of parent outcomes after critical illness, and variables associated with parent and family outcomes.

Data Synthesis:
Studies examined numerous variables associated with parent and family outcomes and used multiple survey measures. These variables were categorized according to their phase in the Integrative Trajectory Model of Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress, which included peri-trauma, acute medical care, and ongoing care or discharge from care. The majority of objective elements of a child’s illness, such as severity of illness and length of hospitalization, did not have a clear relationship with parent and family outcomes. However, familial preexisting factors, a parent’s subjective experience in the PICU, and family life stressors after discharge were often associated with parent and family outcomes.

Conclusions:
This systematic literature review suggests that parent and family outcomes after pediatric critical illness are impacted by familial preexisting factors, a parent’s subjective experience in the PICU, and family life stressors after discharge. Developing parent interventions focused on modifying the parent’s subjective experience in the PICU could be an effective approach to improve parent outcomes.
Noninvasive Determination of Blood Pressure by Heart Sound Analysis Compared With Intra-Arterial Monitoring in Critically Ill Children—A Pilot Study of a Novel Approach
Authors: Kapur Gaurav , Chen Lingguang , Xu Yong , Cashen Katherine , Clark Jeff , Feng Xiaoce , Wu Sean F. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:
To develop a novel device to predict systolic and diastolic blood pressure based on measured heart sound signals and evaluate its accuracy in comparison to intra-arterial blood pressure readings.

Study Design:
Prospective, observational pilot study.

Setting:
PICU.

Patients:
Critically ill children (0–18 yr) undergoing continuous blood pressure monitoring via radial artery intra-arterial catheters were enrolled in the study after informed consent. The study included medical, cardiac, and surgical PICU patients.

Interventions:
Along with intra-arterial blood pressure, patient’s heart sounds were recorded simultaneously by a highly sensitive sensor taped to the chest. Additional hardware included a data acquisition unit and laptop computer. Subsequently, advanced signal processing technologies were used to minimize random interfering signals and extract and separate S1 and S2 signals. A computerized model was then developed using artificial neural network systems to estimate blood pressure from the extracted heart sound analysis.

Measurements and Main Outcomes:
We found a statistically significant correlation for systolic (r = 0.964; R
2 = 0.928) and diastolic (r = 0.935; R
2 = 0.868) blood pressure readings (n = 491) estimated by the novel heart-sound signal–based method and those recorded by intra-arterial catheters. The mean difference of the individually paired determinations of the blood pressure between the heart-sound–based method and intra-arterial catheters was 0.6 ± 7 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure and –0.06 ± 5 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure, which was within the recommended range of 5 ± 8 mm Hg for any new blood pressure devices.

Conclusions:
Our findings provide proof of concept that the heart-sound signal-based method can provide accurate, noninvasive blood pressure monitoring.
Utilizing Electronic Laboratory Reporting Data to Assess the Burden of Hepatitis C in Arizona
Authors: Tsang Clarisse A. , Khan Mohammed A. , Brady Shane M. , Erhart Laura M. , Komatsu Kenneth K. 
Published: May 2019

Context:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections must be reported to public health departments in Arizona; however, Arizona Department of Health Services has not had the resources to conduct comprehensive HCV surveillance since 2008 and thus monitoring HCV is difficult. Cases were traditionally reported via mail, fax, or telephone; however, beginning in 2009, clinical laboratories could report HCV results through electronic laboratory reporting (ELR).

Objective:
To assess completeness of ELR in capturing HCV case reports and its utility for HCV surveillance and describing the current burden of HCV.

Design:
Two components of study: (1) HCV reporting from all sources for 2 months in 2015 was de-duplicated at the patient level and cross-matched with the 1998-2008 database and 2009-2015 ELR data to identify cases newly reported during the 2-month period and calculate the proportion reported through ELR. (2) HCV ELR results during 2009-2015 were similarly de-duplicated and compared with the 1998-2008 database to identify newly reported cases.

Setting:
Hepatitis C virus patients reported to Arizona Department of Health Services.

Participants:
Hepatitis C virus case patients reported during 1998-2008 and through ELR during 2009-2015. Hepatitis C virus patients through paper reports for January and June 2015.

Main Outcome Measures:
(1) Using 2 months of all HCV reporting in 2015 to examine the proportion of cases captured by ELR and the differences in the type of reports captured by ELR and non-ELR sources only. (2) Compared sex, birth year, viral load, and genotype from ELR-only data to other surveillance data.

Results:
Electronic laboratory reporting accounted for 1260 (64%) HCV cases newly reported during the 2 months, with 698 (36%) newly identified from non-ELR sources only. Based on these findings, an estimated 11 534 HCV cases were newly reported in 2015 (172 cases per 100 000 population). During 2009-2015, a substantial amount (23%) of newly reported cases were among persons born after 1978.

Conclusions:
Utilizing ELR data alone can provide meaningful HCV surveillance and offers a less resource-intensive means to describe HCV burden and identify trends in newly reported cases. An assessment like this one can provide a tool for HCV monitoring in other jurisdictions that lack resources for HCV surveillance as more laboratories transition to ELR.
Brief Report: Cofactors of Mortality Among Hospitalized HIV-Infected Children Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya
Authors: Njuguna Irene N. , Cranmer Lisa M. , Wagner Anjuli D. , LaCourse Sylvia M. , Mugo Cyrus , Benki-Nugent Sarah , Richardson Barbra A. , Stern Joshua , Maleche-Obimbo Elizabeth , Wamalwa Dalton C. , John-Stewart Grace 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:
Identifying factors associated with mortality among acutely ill HIV-infected children presenting with advanced HIV disease may help clinicians optimize care for those at highest risk of death.

Design:
Using data from a randomized controlled trial (NCT02063880), we determined baseline sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory cofactors of mortality among HIV-infected children in Kenya.

Methods:
We enrolled hospitalized, HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy–naive children (0–12 years), initiated antiretroviral therapy, and followed up them for 6 months. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for death and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
Of 181 enrolled children, 39 (22%) died. Common diagnoses at death were pneumonia or suspected pulmonary tuberculosis [23 (59%)] and gastroenteritis [7 (18%)]. Factors associated with mortality in univariate analysis included age <2 years [HR 3.08 (95% CI: 1.50 to 6.33)], orphaned or vulnerable child (OVC) [HR 2.05 (95% CI: 1.09 to 3.84)], weight-for-age Z score <−2 [HR 2.29 (95% CI: 1.05 to 5.00)], diagnosis of pneumonia with hypoxia [HR 5.25 (95% CI: 2.00 to 13.84)], oral thrush [HR 2.17 (95% CI: 1.15 to 4.09)], persistent diarrhea [HR 3.81 (95% CI: 1.89 to 7.69)], and higher log10 HIV-1 viral load [HR 2.16 (95% CI: 1.35 to 3.46)] (all P < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, age <2 years and OVC status remained significantly associated with mortality.

Conclusions:
Young age and OVC status independently predicted mortality. Hypoxic pneumonia, oral thrush, and persistent diarrhea are important clinical features that predict mortality. Strategies to enhance early diagnosis in children and improve hospital management of critically ill HIV-infected children are needed.
Olfactory Impairment and Hippocampal Volume in a Chinese MCI Clinical Sample
Authors: Yu Hong-li , Chen Zhi-juan , Zhao Ji-wei , Duan Shu-rong , Zhao Jing-kun 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between olfactory function and hippocampal volume in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods:
We enrolled a total of 31 MCI patients and 9 normal control subjects. All participants underwent 3.0 T-magnetic resonance imaging scanning. The scan results were processed using GE ADW4.6 processing software and V0xar 3D workstation to acquire the hippocampal volume. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was used to evaluate the olfactory function of MCI patients. The correlations of UPSIT score with hippocampal volume and hippocampal head volume were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis.

Results:
MCI patients had significantly smaller left (2.78±0.50 vs. 3.19±0.31 cm3) and right (2.97±0.42 vs. 3.31±0.25 cm3) hippocampal volumes compared with normal controls (P<0.05). In addition, patients with olfactory dysfunction had smaller volumes of the hippocampus (left hippocampal volume, 2.57±0.39 vs. 3.23±0.40 cm3; right hippocampal volume, 2.86±0.43 vs. 3.22±0.30 cm3) and hippocampal head (left hippocampal head volume, 1.18±0.16 vs. 1.53±0.25 cm3; right hippocampal head volume, 1.25±0.22 vs. 1.54±0.22 cm3) compared with those with normal olfactory function (P<0.05). No significant difference in the hippocampal body volume and hippocampal tail volume was found between MCI patients with olfactory loss and those with normal olfactory function. The UPSIT score was significantly positively correlated with left hippocampal volume (r=0.55, P<0.05), right hippocampal volume (r=0.42, P<0.05), left hippocampal head volume (r=0.53, P<0.05), and right hippocampal head volume (r=0.45, P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Olfactory function correlates well with hippocampal volume among patients with MCI.
Vestibular Migraine: How to Sort it Out and What to Do About it
Authors: Beh Shin C. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Vestibular migraine (VM) is the most common neurologic cause of vertigo in adults and results in significant utilization of health care resources, but remains under-recognized and underdiagnosed.

Evidence Acquisition:
Review of literature in PubMed using the following terms: vestibular migraine, migraine-associated vertigo, vertiginous migraine, benign recurrent vertigo, migraine-associated dizziness, migraine, migraine treatment, Meniere disease (MD), vertebrobasilar ischemia (VBI), posterior circulation stroke, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and episodic-ataxia Type 2 (EA2).

Results:
VM can manifest with a variety of vestibular symptoms, including spontaneous vertigo, triggered vertigo, positional vertigo, and head-motion dizziness. Patients may report more than 1 vestibular symptom. Episodes of vertigo are often, but not always, accompanied by headache. Auditory symptoms are frequently associated with VM attacks and may mimic the manifestations of MD. Other migrainous features that accompany VM attacks include photophobia, phonophobia, osmophobia, and visual aura. Interictally, patients may suffer from persistent dizziness or isolated paroxysmal vestibular symptoms. Mood disorders (particularly anxiety) are often found in VM. Abnormal neuro-otologic findings are not uncommon in patients with VM. Differential diagnoses for VM include MD, VBI, EA2, and migraine with brainstem aura. For rescue treatment, triptans, vestibular suppressants, and/or antiemetic agents may be considered. Pharmacologic migraine preventives (antiepileptics, beta-blockers, and antidepressants) are often useful.

Conclusions:
The keys to correctly diagnosing VM is identifying a relationship between vestibular symptoms and migrainous features and being aware of the heterogeneity of manifestations of this enigmatic, but treatable, condition. The principles of treatment of VM include rescue therapy, lifestyle modification, nonpharmacologic migraine preventives, pharmacologic migraine prophylaxis, and treatment of comorbidities.
Quantitative EEG Biomarkers for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lewine Jeffrey D. , Plis Sergey , Ulloa Alvaro , Williams Christopher , Spitz Mark , Foley John , Paulson Kim , Davis John , Bangera Nitin , Snyder Travis , Weaver Lindell 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
The development of objective biomarkers for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in the chronic period is an important clinical and research goal. Head trauma is known to affect the mechanisms that support the electrophysiological processing of information within and between brain regions, so methods like quantitative EEG may provide viable indices of brain dysfunction associated with even mTBI.

Methods:
Resting-state, eyes-closed EEG data were obtained from 71 individuals with military-related mTBI and 82 normal comparison subjects without traumatic brain injury. All mTBI subjects were in the chronic period of injury (>5 months since the time of injury). Quantitative metrics included absolute and relative power in delta, theta, alpha, beta, high beta, and gamma bands, plus a measure of interhemispheric coherence in each band. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods, the latter coupled to machine learning strategies.

Results:
Analyses revealed significant (P < 0.05) group level differences in global relative theta power (increased for mTBI patients), global relative alpha power (decreased for mTBI patients), and global beta-band interhemispheric coherence (decreased for mTBI patients). Single variables were limited in their ability to predict group membership (e.g., mTBI vs. control) for individual subjects, each with a predictive accuracy that was below 60%. In contrast, the combination of a multivariate approach with machine learning methods yielded a composite metric that provided an overall predictive accuracy of 75% for correct classification of individual subjects as coming from control versus mTBI groups.

Conclusions:
This study indicates that quantitative EEG methods may be useful in the identification, classification, and tracking of individual subjects with mTBI.
Genome Sequencing Unveils a New Regulatory Landscape of Platelet Reactivity
Authors: Keramati Ali R. , Chen Ming-Huei , Rodriguez Benjamin A.T. , Yanek Lisa R. , Gaynor Brady J. , Ryan Kathleen , Brody Jennifer A. ,   NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision (TOPMed) Consortium,   NHLBI TOPMed Hematology and Hemostasis Working Group, Kammers Kai , Kanchan Kanika , Iyer Kruthika , Kowalski Madeline H. , Pitsillides Achilleas N. , Cupples L. Adrienne , Shuldiner Alan R. , O’Connell Jeffrey R. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Faraday Nauder , Taub Margaret A. , Becker Lewis C. , Lewis Joshua P. , Mathias Rasika A. , Johnson Andrew D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExaggerated platelet aggregation at the site of vascular injury is the underlying pathophysiology of thrombotic diseases. Here, we conduct the largest whole genome sequencing (WGS) effort to uncover the genetic determinants of platelet aggregation. Leveraging 3,855 NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) individuals deeply phenotyped for platelet aggregation, we identify 18 loci using single-variant approaches. This includes the novel RGS18 locus encoding a myeloerythroid lineage-specific regulator of G-protein signaling that co-localizes with eQTL signatures for RGS18 expression in platelets. A gene-based approach focusing on deleterious coding variants identifies the SVEP1 gene, previously shown to be associated with coronary artery disease, as a novel determinant of platelet aggregation. Finally, in an integrative approach leveraging epigenetic data on megakaryocytes, we find strong association between rare variants mapping to a super enhancer region for PEAR1. This is a novel finding implicating the importance of rare variants with regulatory potential in a previously documented GWAS-identified locus.
Kin selection and sexual conflict: male relatedness and familiarity do not affect female fitness in seed beetles
Authors: Berg Elena C. , Lind Martin I. , Monahan Shannon , Bricout Sophie , Maklakov Alexei A. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryTheory maintains that kin selection can mediate sexual conflict because within-group male relatedness should reduce male-male competition, thereby reducing collateral harm to females. We tested whether male relatedness and familiarity can lessen female harm in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Neither male relatedness nor familiarity influenced female lifetime reproductive success or individual fitness. However, male relatedness, but not familiarity, marginally improved female survival. Because male relatedness improved female survival in late life when C. maculatus females are no longer producing offspring, our results do not provide support for the role of kin selection in mediating sexual conflict. The fact that male relatedness improves the post-reproductive part of female life cycle strongly suggests that the effect is non-adaptive. We discuss adaptive and non-adaptive mechanisms that could result in reduced female harm in this and previous studies and suggest that cognitive error is a likely explanation.
Comparison of EEG source reconstructed functional networks in healthy subjects elicited during visual oddball task
Authors: Thee Kang Wei , Nisar Humaira , Yeap Kim Ho , Tan Wei Meng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper we have reconstructed electroencephalography (EEG) sources using weighted Minimum Norm Estimator (wMNE) for visual oddball experiment to estimate brain functional networks. Secondly we have evaluated the impact of time-frequency decomposition algorithms and scout functions on brain functional networks estimation using phase-locked value (PLV). Lastly, we compared the difference between target stimuli with response (TR) and non-target with no response (NTNR) cases in terms of brain functional connectivity (FC). We acquired the EEG data from 20 healthy participants using 129 channels EEG sensor array for visual oddball experiment. Three scout functions: i) MEAN, ii) MAX and iii) PCA were used to extract the regional time series signals. We transformed the regional time series signals into complex form using two methods: i) Wavelet Transform (WT) and ii) Hilbert Transform (HT). The instantaneous phases were extracted from the complex form of the regional time series signals. The FC was estimated using PLV. The joint capacity of the time-frequency decomposition algorithms/scout functions applied to reconstructed EEG sources was evaluated using two criteria: i) localization index (LI) and ii) R. The difference in FC between TR and NTNR cases was evaluated using these two criteria. Our results show that the WT has higher impact on LI values and it is better than HT in terms of consistency of the results as the standard deviation (SD) of WT is lower. In addition, WT/PCA pair is better than other pairs in terms of consistency as the SD of the pair is lower. This pair is able to estimate the connectivity within parietal region which corresponds to P300 response; although WT/MEAN is also able to do that, However, WT/PCA has lower SD than WT/MEAN. Lastly, the differences in connectivity between TR and NTNR cases over parietal, central, right temporal and limbic regions which correspond to target detection, P300 response and motor response were observed. Therefore, we conclude that the output of the connectivity estimation might be affected by time-frequency decomposition algorithms/scout functions pairs. Among the pairs, WT/PCA yields best results for the visual oddball task. Moreover, TR and NTNR cases are different in terms of estimated functional networks.
Mediterranean diet and mental distress: “10,001 Dalmatians” study
Authors: Salvatore Fiorella Pia , Relja Ajka , Filipčić Ivona Šimunović , Polašek Ozren , Kolčić Ivana 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The impact of eating habits on mental health is gaining more attention recently. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between mental distress and the Mediterranean diet (MD) in a community-dwelling adult population of Dalmatia, Croatia.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants from the “10,001 Dalmatians” study from the Island of Korcula and the City of Split were included (n=3,392). Lifestyle habits were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire, while mental distress was evaluated using the General Health Questionnaire-30 (GHQ-30) in a cross-sectional design. MD compliance was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used in the analysis.

Findings
MD compliance was associated with lesser mental distress (ß=−1.96, 95% CI −2.75, −1.17; p<0.001). Inverse association was found between mental distress and higher intake of fruits (ß=−0.64; 95% CI −0.89, −0.39; p<0.001), vegetables (ß=−0.39; 95% CI −0.65, −0.13; p=0.003), olive oil (ß=−0.30; 95% CI −0.56, −0.04; p=0.022) and legumes (ß=−0.83; 95% CI −1.66, 0.00; p=0.049). Mental distress was more intense in women, older participants, those with worse material status, subjects with previously diagnosed chronic diseases and in current smokers.

Originality/value
This study suggests beneficial association of MD and overall mental health, offering important implications for public health provisions. Since the literature search did not reveal any previous study on the association between the MD and GHQ-based mental distress in the general population, this study delivers interesting results and fills this knowledge gap.