bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling tiller growth and mortality as a sink-driven process using Ecomeristem: implications for biomass sorghum ideotyping
Authors: Larue Florian , Fumey Damien , Rouan Lauriane , Soulié Jean-Christophe , Roques Sandrine , Beurier Grégory , Luquet Delphine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsPlant modelling can efficiently support ideotype conception, particularly in multi-criteria selection contexts. This is the case for biomass sorghum, implying the need to consider traits related to biomass production and quality. This study evaluated three modelling approaches for their ability to predict tiller growth, mortality and their impact, together with other morphological and physiological traits, on biomass sorghum ideotype prediction.MethodsThree Ecomeristem model versions were compared to evaluate whether tillering cessation and mortality were source (access to light) or sink (age-based hierarchical access to C supply) driven. They were tested using a field data set considering two biomass sorghum genotypes at two planting densities. An additional data set comparing eight genotypes was used to validate the best approach for its ability to predict the genotypic and environmental control of biomass production. A sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the impact of key genotypic parameters and define optimal parameter combinations depending on planting density and targeted production (sugar and fibre).Key ResultsThe sink-driven control of tillering cessation and mortality was the most accurate, and represented the phenotypic variability of studied sorghum genotypes in terms of biomass production and partitioning between structural and non-structural carbohydrates. Model sensitivity analysis revealed that light conversion efficiency and stem diameter are key traits to target for improving sorghum biomass within existing genetic diversity. Tillering contribution to biomass production appeared highly genotype and environment dependent, making it a challenging trait for designing ideotypes.ConclusionsBy modelling tiller growth and mortality as sink-driven processes, Ecomeristem could predict and explore the genotypic and environmental variability of biomass sorghum production. Its application to larger sorghum genetic diversity considering water deficit regulations and its coupling to a genetic model will make it a powerful tool to assist ideotyping for current and future climatic scenario.
Local and Volume-Conducted Contributions to Cortical Field Potentials
Authors: Torres Daniel , Makarova Julia , Ortuño Tania , Benito Nuria , Makarov Valeri A , Herreras Oscar 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Brain field potentials (FPs) can reach far from their sources, making difficult to know which waves come from where. We show that modern algorithms efficiently segregate the local and remote contributions to cortical FPs by recovering the generator-specific spatial voltage profiles. We investigated experimentally and numerically the local and remote origin of FPs in different cortical areas in anesthetized rats. All cortices examined show significant state, layer, and region dependent contribution of remote activity, while the voltage profiles help identify their subcortical or remote cortical origin. Co-activation of different cortical modules can be discriminated by the distinctive spatial features of the corresponding profiles. All frequency bands contain remote activity, thus influencing the FP time course, in cases drastically. The reach of different FP patterns is boosted by spatial coherence and curved geometry of the sources. For instance, slow cortical oscillations reached the entire brain, while hippocampal theta reached only some portions of the cortex. In anterior cortices, most alpha oscillations have a remote origin, while in the visual cortex the remote theta and gamma even surpass the local contribution. The quantitative approach to local and distant FP contributions helps to refine functional connectivity among cortical regions, and their relation to behavior.
Toll-like receptor 7 deficiency promotes survival and reduces adverse left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction
Authors: de Kleijn Dominique P V , Chong Suet Yen , Wang Xiaoyuan , Yatim Siti Maryam J M , Fairhurst Anna-Marie , Vernooij Flora , Zharkova Olga , Chan Mark Y , Foo Roger S Y , Timmers Leo , Lam Carolyn S P , Wang Jiong-Wei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsThe Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an intracellular innate immune receptor activated by nucleic acids shed from dying cells leading to activation of the innate immune system. Since innate immune system activation is involved in the response to myocardial infarction (MI), this study aims to identify if TLR7 is involved in post-MI ischaemic injury and adverse remodelling after MI.Methods and resultsTLR7 involvement in MI was investigated in human tissue from patients with ischaemic heart failure, as well as in a mouse model of permanent left anterior descending artery occlusion in C57BL/6J wild type and TLR7 deficient (TLR7−/−) mice. TLR7 expression was up-regulated in human and mouse ischaemic myocardium after MI. Compared to wild type mice, TLR7−/− mice had less acute cardiac rupture associated with blunted activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2, increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, recruitment of more myofibroblasts, and the formation of a myocardial scar with higher collagen fibre density. Furthermore, inflammatory cell influx and inflammatory cytokine expression post-MI were reduced in the TLR7−/− heart. During a 28-day follow-up after MI, TLR7 deficiency resulted in less chronic adverse left ventricular remodelling and better cardiac function. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation experiments showed that TLR7 deficiency in BM-derived cells preserved cardiac function after MI.ConclusionsIn acute MI, TLR7 mediates the response to acute cardiac injury and chronic remodelling probably via modulation of post-MI scar formation and BM-derived inflammatory infiltration of the myocardium.
New World Slave Traders and the Problem of Trade Goods: Brazil, Barbados, Cuba and North America in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Kelley Sean M 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article examines the phenomenon of New World-based slave trading, which encompasses slave-trading voyages that embarked from ports in the Americas. Much of the existing literature takes a European-based ‘triangular trade’ as the norm in the slave trade, but it is now clear that almost 40 per cent of all transatlantic slaving voyages sailed from ports in the New World. Slave traders based in the Americas needed to find appropriate and economical trade goods, which was difficult since European and Asian manufactures dominated African markets for captives. A comparative examination of the four largest American slave-trading polities (Barbados, Brazil, Cuba and British North America/the United States) reveals that all of them succeeded in converting plantation produce—sugar, molasses and tobacco—into African trade goods. However, all of these powers also sought to acquire the more valuable textiles and manufactures in order to improve their ‘assortments’. This finding is significant because it forces historians to consider the slave trade not merely as a ‘triangular’ trade between Europe, Africa and the Americas, but as a truly global system of exchange.
Epidemiology of acute kidney injury among paediatric patients after repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Authors: Wang Chunrong , Fu Peng , Wang Yuefu , Yang Keming , Peng Yong G , Li Jun , Gong Junsong , Wang Jianhui , Luo Qipeng , Gao Yuchen , Wang Sudena , Tian Yu , Yan Fuxia 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent complication after the surgical repair of paediatric cardiac defects and is associated with poor outcomes. Insufficient renal perfusion secondary to severe myocardial dysfunction in neonates is most likely an independent risk factor in patients undergoing repair for anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). We retrospectively investigated the epidemiology and outcomes of children with ALCAPA who developed AKI after repair.

METHODS
Eighty-nine children underwent left coronary reimplantation. The paediatric-modified risk, injury, failure, loss and end-stage (p-RIFLE) criteria were used to diagnose AKI.

RESULTS
The incidence of AKI was 67.4% (60/89) in our study. Among the patient cohort with AKI, 23 (38.3%) were diagnosed with acute kidney injury/failure (I/F) (20 with acute kidney injury and 3 with acute kidney failure). Poor cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%) prior to surgery was a significant contributing factor associated with the onset of AKI [odds ratio (OR) 5.55, 95% confidential interval (CI) 1.39–22.13; P = 0.015], while a longer duration from diagnosis to surgical repair (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–1.00; P = 0.049) and a higher preoperative albumin level (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99; P = 0.041) were found to lower the risk of AKI. Neither the severity of preoperative mitral regurgitation nor mitral annuloplasty was associated with the onset of AKI. After reimplantation, there was 1 death in the no-AKI group and 2 deaths in the AKI/F group (P = 0.356); the remaining patients survived until hospital discharge. The median follow-up time was 46.5 months (34.0–63.25). During follow-up, patients in the AKI cohort were seen more often by specialists and reassessed more often by echocardiography.

CONCLUSIONS
Paediatric AKI after ALCAPA repair occurs at a relatively higher incidence than that suggested by previous reports and is linked to poor clinical outcomes. Preoperative cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%) is strongly associated with AKI. The beneficial effect of delaying surgery seen in some of our cases warrants further investigation, as it is not concordant with standard teaching regarding the timing of surgery for ALCAPA.
Household dietary salt consumption and mortality from cardiovascular diseases: an ecological panel analysis in Japan
Authors: Li Tianyu , Hashimoto Hideki 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Epidemiological evidence has shown that lower salt intake reduces hypertension-related disease mortality. Japan has experienced a drastic decrease in cardiovascular mortality, although this varies across regions. This regional variation does not necessarily match the local patterns of reported average salt intake. In this study, we examined population-level risk factors for hypertension-related disease mortality, focussing on the average household dietary consumption of salt intake sources.

Methods
We prepared an ecological panel dataset, with prefecture as the unit of analysis, by referring to public statistics and market research data from 2012 to 2015. We collected prefectural averages of household dietary consumption related to salt intake and other nutrients that may affect hypertension control. We used demographic characteristics, medical care availability and local economy indices as covariates. Panel data analysis with fixed-effects modelling was performed, regressing prefectural-level mortality from ischaemic heart diseases, subarachnoid and intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral infarction on dietary consumption and the selected covariates.

Results
We confirmed the average household consumption of salt equivalents of discretional salt intake sources to be positively but only weakly associated with mortality from ischaemic heart diseases and cerebral infarction. Household expenditure on processed foods was positively associated with ischaemic heart disease mortality.

Conclusions
These findings may suggest that the reduction of salt in processed foods, in addition to individual behavioural change, could be useful for decreasing mortality from ischaemic heart diseases in the Japanese population. Ecological factors related to decreasing cerebrovascular disease mortality in the context of the ageing Japanese population require further investigation.
Mastery and Longevity in Spousal Caregivers of Persons with Dementia
Authors: Savla Jyoti , Wang Zhe , Zhu Jiafeng , Brossoie Nancy , Roberto Karen A , Blieszner Rosemary 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
Researchers have consistently shown that providing care in a gradually deteriorating situation, such as dementia, can be stressful and detrimental to the caregiver’s (CG) health. Although stressor appraisal is important in understanding variability in CG outcomes, the role of personal mastery, a coping resource, in shaping CG’s health outcomes has not been considered. The primary goal of this paper was to determine whether personal mastery is associated with a survival advantage for spousal CGs of persons with dementia.

Methods
This study assessed the association of CG burden and personal mastery with longevity over a 10-year period in 71 spousal CGs of persons initially diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment.

Results
Over the 10 years, 16 of 71 CGs (23%) died. Cox regression models with right censoring of CGs’ time to death showed that after adjusting for the health of family CG, spousal CGs who reported high levels of burden had an 83% reduced risk of death when they also reported high personal mastery (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04, 0.65).

Conclusions
Findings have implications for support programs that help build personal mastery.
Female obesity is negatively associated with live birth rate following IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sermondade Nathalie , Huberlant Stéphanie , Bourhis-Lefebvre Vanessa , Arbo Elisangela , Gallot Vanessa , Colombani Marina , Fréour Thomas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A worldwide increase in the prevalence of obesity has been observed in the past three decades, particularly in women of reproductive age. Female obesity has been clearly associated with impaired spontaneous fertility, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Increasing evidence in the literature shows that obesity also contributes to adverse clinical outcomes following in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. However, the heterogeneity of the available studies in terms of populations, group definition and outcomes prevents drawing firm conclusions. A previous meta-analysis published in 2011 identified a marginal but significant negative effect of increased female body mass index (BMI) on IVF results, but numerous studies have been published since then, including large cohort studies from national registries, highlighting the need for an updated review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
Our systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature aims to evaluate the association of female obesity with the probability of live birth following IVF. Subgroup analyses according to ovulatory status, oocyte origin, fresh or frozen-embryo transfer and cycle rank were performed.

SEARCH METHODS
A systematic review was performed using the following key words: (‘obesity’, ‘body mass index’, ‘live birth’, ‘IVF’, ‘ICSI’). Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Eudract and clinicaltrial.gov from 01 January 2007 to 30 November 2017. Study selection was based on title and abstract. Full texts of potentially relevant articles were retrieved and assessed for inclusion by two reviewers. Subsequently, quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales for patient selection, comparability and assessment of outcomes. Two independent reviewers carried out study selection and data extraction according to Cochrane methods. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software on all data (overall analysis), followed by subgroup analyses.

OUTCOMES
A total of 21 studies were included in the meta-analysis. A decreased probability of live birth following IVF was observed in obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) women when compared with normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) women: risk ratio (RR) (95% CI) 0.85 (0.82–0.87). Subgroups analyses demonstrated that prognosis was poorer when obesity was associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, while the oocyte origin (donor or non-donor) did not modify the overall interpretation.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS
Our meta-analysis clearly demonstrates that female obesity negatively and significantly impacts live birth rates following IVF. Whether weight loss can reverse this deleterious effect through lifestyle modifications or bariatric surgery should be further evaluated.
Micro-geographic population genetic structure within Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in Beaufort Sea of Alaska
Authors: Wilson Robert E , Sage George K , Wedemeyer Kate , Sonsthagen Sarah A , Menning Damian M , Gravley Megan C , Sexson Matthew G , Nelson R John , Talbot Sandra L 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany marine organisms show significant levels of genetic heterogeneity on local spatial scales despite exhibiting limited genetic structure at large geographic scales which can be produced through a variety of mechanisms. The Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) is a circumpolar species and is a vital species in Arctic food webs. To examine population genetic structure of Arctic cod at macro- and micro-geographic scales, we characterized variation at mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite loci among Arctic cod located in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas in Alaska. We found two distinct mtDNA haplotype clusters, although there was no underlying geographic pattern (FST = −0.001). Congruent with this finding, microsatellite loci suggested a panmictic population (FST = 0.001) across northern Alaskan marine waters at a large spatial scale. However, we found slight but significant micro-geographic partitioning of genetic variation in the southern shelf of the Beaufort Sea that appeared to be associated with the western reaches of the Mackenzie River plume. This fine-scale spatial pattern was not associated with kin-associated groups, suggesting larvae cohorts are not remaining together throughout development. We hypothesize that this pattern reflects the intermixing of Pacific and Arctic origin lineages of Arctic cod.
Immunogenicity and Safety of a Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine Administered as a First Dose to Children Aged 12 to 15 Months: A Phase III, Randomized, Noninferiority, Lot-to-Lot Consistency Study
Authors: Klein Nicola P , Abu-Elyazeed Remon , Povey Michael , Macias Parra Mercedes , Diez-Domingo Javier , Ahonen Anitta , Korhonen Tiina , Tinoco Juan-Carlos , Weiner Leonard , Marshall Gary S , Silas Peter E , Sarpong Kwabena O , Ramsey Keith P , Fling John A , Speicher David , Campos Maribel , Munjal Iona , Peltier Christopher , Vesikari Timo , Baccarini Carmen , Caplanusi Adrian , Gillard Paul , Carryn Stephane , Henry Ouzama 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMMR II (M-M-R II [Merck & Co, Inc.]) is currently the only measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine licensed in the United States. A second MMR vaccine would mitigate the potential risk of vaccine supply shortage or delay. In this study, we assessed the immunogenicity and safety of another MMR vaccine (MMR-RIT [Priorix, GlaxoSmithKline]) compared with those of the MMR II in 12- to 15-month-old children who received it as a first dose.MethodsIn this phase III, observer-blinded, noninferiority, lot-to-lot consistency clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01702428), 5003 healthy children were randomly assigned to receive 1 dose of MMR-RIT (1 of 3 production lots) or MMR II along with other age-recommended routine vaccines. We evaluated the immunogenicity of all vaccines in terms of antibody concentrations (by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or electrochemiluminescence assay) and/or seroresponse rates 43 days after vaccination. We also assessed the reactogenicity and safety of the vaccines.ResultsImmunoresponses after vaccination with MMR-RIT were robust and noninferior to those after vaccination with the MMR II. Immunogenicity of the 3 production lots of MMR-RIT was consistent; more than 97% of the children had a seroresponse to MMR components. The coadministered vaccines elicited similar immunoresponses in the MMR-RIT and MMR II groups. Both MMR vaccines resulted in comparable reactogenicity profiles, and no safety concerns were detected.ConclusionsIf licensed, the MMR-RIT could provide a valid option for the prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella in children in the United States and would reduce potential risks of a vaccine shortage.
Pressure Ulcer Prevalence by Level of Paralysis in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury in Long-term Care
Authors: Cowan Linda J. , Ahn Hyochol , Flores Micah , Yarrow Joshua , Barks Lelia S. , Garvan Cyndi , Weaver Michael T. , Stechmiller Joyce 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
Scientific literature suggests pressure ulcer (PU) risk increases as immobility increases, indicating that more extensive paralysis confers a greater risk of PU. Yet the specific level of paralysis (ie, hemiplegia vs paraplegia vs quadriplegia), apart from neurodegenerative diagnoses, has never been examined in the long-term care (LTC) population. This study examined the prevalence of PU among LTC residents with different paralysis levels.

METHODS:
The authors conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2012 US Minimum Data Set of LTC facilities (n = 51,664 residents). Measures included PU stage, level of paralysis, functional impairments, comorbidities, and sociodemographic factors. After removing residents with neurodegenerative disease, comatose patients, and those with hip fractures from the analysis, logistic regressions were used to examine the association of risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics with the presence of PU.

MAIN RESULTS:
The sample included 7,540 patients with quadriplegia, 11,614 patients with paraplegia, and 32,510 patients with hemiplegia in LTC facilities. The PU prevalence in the sample (stages 2, 3, and 4; suspected deep-tissue injury; and unstageable PUs) was 33.9% for patients with quadriplegia, 47.4% for patients with paraplegia, and 9.6% for patients with hemiplegia.

CONCLUSIONS:
Within paralysis groups (quadriplegic, paraplegic, hemiplegic), risk factors for PU differed in type and magnitude. The PU rates associated with quadriplegia and paraplegia are much higher than LTC residents without paralysis, and PU prevalence for hemiplegia is similar to the rate in LTC residents without paralysis. When the risk factor of paraplegia versus quadriplegia was isolated, PU prevalence for patients with paraplegia was significantly higher.