bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Site Effect Using Microtremor Technique at New Akhmim City, Akhmim, Sohag, Egypt
Authors: Abudeif A.M. , Fat-Helbary R.E. , Mohammed M.A. , El-Khashab H.M. , Masoud M.M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
—Local site effect is a significant aspect of seismic hazards, which often causes amplification of ground motions and results in increase in the damage potential of an earthquake. This article displays an experimental study of microtremors data to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the soil and structures in the desert zone of Akhmim City, east of River Nile, Sohag governorate, Egypt. Because of progressive population growth in the Nile valley and delta regions, the Egyptian Governorate considered increasing the number of new communities, especially in the Sohag district, to improve the living conditions. The study area is one of the new urban areas which was suggested by Egyptian Urban Communities Authority (EUCA). For this purpose, the horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratio was used to provide precious information about the soil properties and its engineering features for foundation purposes. The H/V spectral ratio analyses of ambient noise data at the measurement stations were processed and interpreted using Geopsy Software to calculate the amplification factor and fundamental resonance frequency at each observation point.
The results indicate that the resonance frequency ranges between 0.21 and 0.28 Hz at the most of the measurement stations, with some irregularities at stations No. 2 and 4 because of the higher softness of sediments in these locations. Most of lower fundamental frequencies are observed in the southern part of the study area, whereas higher values are observed in the northern part of the study area. The amplification factor ranges between 1.38 and 4.15. Higher values were recorded in the northeastern and southern parts, while lower ones were observed in the northwestern and southwestern parts of the mapped area. It can be concluded that the amplification component increases with increasing softness of the sediments. Interpretation of fundamental frequency distribution map is very significant to estimate the building heights and the number of stories, which was estimated to be 35 to 47.
The Persistence of Global Masculinism: Discourse, Gender and Neo-Colonial Re-Articulations of Violence, Lucy Nicholas and Christine Agius
Authors: Yuan Xinhua 
Published: April 2019

The Persistence of Global Masculinism: Discourse, Gender and Neo-Colonial Re-Articulations of Violence, Lucy Nicholas and Christine Agius (2018) Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 189pp.
Seramik-Sofra Adabı Etkileşimi ve Politik Söylem Aracı Olarak 18.yy Porselen Yemek Takımları
Authors: YILMAZ Ersoy 
Published: April 2019

Tang
Hanedanlığı (M.S. 618-907) dönemine Çin’de icat edilen porselen, ayırt edici
dört özelliği beyazlığı, saydamlığı, sertliği ve kendine has çınlaması olan, en
mükemmel seramik türüdür. 9.yy.dan itibaren İslam coğrafyasına 16.yy.dan sonra
da Avrupa’ya ithal edilen porselen, hem aristokratik beğeni hem de yerel
seramik gelenekleri üzerinde önemli etkiler yapar. Zanaatkârlar, yüzyıllar
boyunca hem porselenin üretim sırrını çözmeye hem de onu taklit eden seramikler
üretmeye çalışırlar. Avrupa özelinde bu sürece 16.yy.dan
başlayarak sofra adabındaki git gide artan bir incelme eşlik eder. Porselenin
sırrı 1710’da Saksonya’da çözülür ve kıta, Meissen, Viyana ve Sevres gibi
Avrupa menşeli porselenle tanışır. Bu dönemde ayrıca Fransız tarzı denilen yemek
servisi evrensel ölçekte yegâne medenî tarz olarak yerleşir. Eşleşen motif ve
formlarıyla böylesi bir bağlamın meyvesi olarak beliren porselen yemek/tatlı
takımları, bir güç, itibar ve politik söylem aracına dönüşür. 18.yy., merkezinde
gösterişli hatta abartılı böylesi takımların yer aldığı bir porselen diplomasisine tanıklık
eder.
Re-defining the traditional neighborhood areas in the historical city center- Saray Sulaimani as a case study
Authors: Rasul Hoshyar , Muhammed Hussein 
Published: April 2019

It is widely accepted, that historic urban quarters are coherent entities, which are clearly identified by their traditional character and architectural values and meanings.

These areas have been described as critical areas in the city, because they hold and kept in the same time the identity of the city, and been more decayed day by day due to obsolescence phenomenon which faced these areas continuously. In this regard, Sulaimania city center showed many kinds of developments, which are totally not exceeds the individual buildings oriented. The way that these individual buildings had become as a landmark of the city, because of its richness in holding many historical, architectural, heritage values. The last was the rehabilitation of Sulaimania - Saray building. Examination of successful examples of revitalization projects for historic urban quarters in different cities shows that, aside from the application of effective organizational, legal, fiscal, financial tools, correct identification of the contextual attributes during the analytical stage plays a key role in determining the appropriate strategic approach to revitalization. From this point of view, the problem research derived as the lack of contextualism perspective in revitalization projects in historical traditional areas in the city center leads to what known as building based instead of area-based protection. The study tries to achieve objectives underlying as necessity of treating these areas as one integrative unit which are participating in drawing the context of urban scene, and any effort to separate building from its context leads to fragment the urban tissue specially in the urban center, and of course this whole view can pave the road to re-define these decayed areas in the way described as more widely and sustainable method.
Anthropometric Parameters in Kyrgyz Males of Various Somatotypes
Authors: Sakibaev K. Sh. 
Published: April 2019

The aimof research was to obtain data about “somatotypical profile” and some anthropometric parameters in young and adult males, the ethnic Kyrgyz.Material and methods.The study included 955 healthy young and adult males, ethnic Kyrgyzs, residents of Osh city and its suburbs. To assess their physical development the authors used a method of complex anthropometry and somatotyping. Morphometric processing of the obtained data was performed using statistical programs Microsoft Excel and package STATISTICA (v. 6.0). Differences between two compared values were estimated by Student's distribution at p<0.05.Results.The most common constitutional types in the Kyrgyz young and adult men appeared to be an abdominal (35–37%), muscular (25–27%) and indefinite (27–30%) constitutional types; thoracic somatotype (9–11%) being the rarest. The performed analysis demonstrated a tendency to increasing the diameter of the wrist and calf during the development from the youth into the 1st and then the 2nd period of adulthood; this was observed in the representatives of all somatotypes. The individual minimum and maximum values of the width of the shoulder girdle were higher in men of the muscular somatotype than in men of the thoracic somatotype regardless of their age; the same parameters had intermediate values in men of the abdominal and indefinite somatotypes.Conclusion.The obtained data on the distribution of different somatotypes in the Kyrgyz male population and certain anthropometric parameters in the representatives of different somatotypes will contribute to the design of the national standards of physical development; the fact being significant for practical health and theoretical medicine
Мorphofunctional Characteristics of the Male Reproductive System of White Rats Treated with Bisphenol A and Triclosan
Authors: Chigrinets S. V. , Bryukhin G. V. , Zav'yalov S. N. 
Published: April 2019

The aimof this study was to analyze the morphofunctional state of the testes of mature male rats treated with bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS).Material and methods.The work was performed on mature male rats (n=28). Experimental animals were divided into three groups – control (intact) and two experimental ones. For two months, rats of the experimental groups received daily bisphenol A and triclosan (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) with food in the amount of 200 mg/kg. The total count of spermatozoa in 1 ml of sperm was determined with the calculation of their atypical forms, and morphometric measurements were made (the total number and area of Leydig cells with their nuclearcytoplasmic ratio). The concentrations of bisphenol A and testicular triclosan were measured by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The obtained data was subjected to statistical processing using IBM SPSS Statistics v.21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).Results.Differences between the comparison groups in the concentration of bisphenol A and triclosan in testicular tissues were statistically significant (p <0.001). The endocrine disruptors studied reduced the mass of the testes. A group of male rats exposed to bisphenol A showed a decrease in the total number of spermatozoa (p=0.004) with an increase in their atypical forms (p=0.014) compared with a group of intact animals. Bisphenol A and triclosan caused a decrease in the total number of Leydig cells (p=0.001; p=0.001) respectively, and a statistically significant change in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. Moreover, bisphenol A led to a decrease in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of Leydig cells, whereas triclosal, on the contrary, increased its value in comparison with a group of intact animals.Conclusion.Bisphenol A and triclosan have a negative effect on the morphofunctional state of the male testes of sexually mature rats (decrease in testicular mass, total count of spermatozoa on the background of an increase in their atypical forms, as well as a decrease in the total number of Leydig cells with a change in their nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio).
Including Oil Price Uncertainty in Development Option Selection Taking the Project Portfolio into Account
Authors: Steineder Dominik , Clemens Torsten 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Oil price forecasting has been shown to be challenging if not impossible for the long-term. However, the oil price has a major impact on Exploration and Production projects.
Historical Project Realized Oil Price (PROP) can be calculated for example projects by summing up the total project revenue using the actual oil prices and dividing through the total amount of oil produced. For different starting dates of example projects, the PROP changes. Determining the PROP for different starting times, a Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) can be derived. Adjusting this CDF for expected "half cycle breakeven costs" for the low limit and demand considerations for the high case leads to a PROP range that can be used for future project evaluation.
Including PROP ranges into project evaluation allows for the selection of the most attractive development option, Value of Information analysis and project Probability of Economic Success (PES) calculation including oil price uncertainty.
Furthermore, using PROP ranges rather than oil price scenarios enables a distinction between short-term budget planning and long-term project development. For budget planning, a scenario approach is suggested while for long-term planning PROP ranges should be used. Applying long-term planning on PROP ranges leads to less fluctuation in staff planning and small annual adjustments in PROP range forecasting. Also, using PROP ranges results in increasing PES project hurdles at low oil prices and lower PES hurdles at high oil prices. Hence, at low oil prices the risk averseness of the company is increased. Another effect of using PROP ranges is that at high oil prices robustness of projects to low oil prices is included in the assessment.
To investigate the effect of PROP ranges on portfolio PES hurdles and project PES hurdles, a simplified linear-fit-model was developed. The results of the model showed that the project PES hurdles in a Value at Risk assessment can be determined applying the linear-fit-model to quantify the oil price dependency. The required individual project PES hurdles can be adjusted using the linear-fit-model to account for oil price uncertainty.
Identification of Fault Systems and Characterization of Structural Model: A Case Study from the Cretaceous Reservoir in the Giant Oil Field, Southern of Iraq
Authors: Al-Ali Ali , Shams Asghar , Stephen Karl 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The objective of this work is to characterize the fault system and its impact on Mishrif reservoir capacity in the West Quran oil field. Determination and modelling of these faults are crucial to evaluate and understanding fluid flow of both oil and water injection in terms of distribution and the movement. In addition to define the structure away from the well control and understanding the evolution of West Qurna arch over geologic time.
In order to achieve the aim of the work and the structural analysis, a step wise approach was undertaken. Primarily, intensive seismic interpretation and building of structure maps were carried out across the high resolution of 3D-seismic survey with focusing on the main producing Mishrif reservoir of the field. Also, seismic attributes volumes provided a good information about the distribution and geometry of faults in Mishrif reservoir. The next step, it constructs 3-D fault model which will be later merged into the developed 3D geological model. West Qurna/1 oil field situated within the Zubair Subzone, and it is structurally a part of large anticline towards the north. The observation of seismically derived faults near Mishrif reservoir indicated en-echelon faults which refer to strike-slip tectonics along with extensional faults. The statistic of Mishrif interval faulting indicates a big number faults striking north-south along western wedge of anticline. The seismic interpretation, in combination with seismic attributes volumes, deliver a valuable structural framework which in turns used to build a better geological model.
In this paper, the work demonstrates a better understanding for the perspectives on the seismic characterization of the structural framework in the Mishrif reservoir, and also for similar heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. Further, this work will ultimately lead to improve reservoir management practises in terms of production performance and water flooding plan.
Fracture Barrier Identification in Unconventional Formation Introducing a New Fracture Barrier Index from Conventional Logs: Vaca Muerta Case
Authors: Casala Santiago , Palacios Jinna , Vielma Jose 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The initial high cost of exploitation of the sustained, increasingly growing development of unconventional resources in Argentina has resulted in concentrating all efforts to increase well productivity while reducing construction and completion costs. The optimization of hydraulic fracture (HF) treatments is vitally important. It is the primary strategy used to achieve an optimal reservoir drainage area, consequently characterizing the fracture geometry, including the height, for the continuous improvement of HF treatment and planning.
Several types of technologies and methodologies are used to estimate fracture height during and after a hydraulic stimulation treatment. These technologies can provide information about the fracture geometry and extension in the near-wellbore (NWB) and far-field areas. The determination of a reliable correlation between those methodologies represents a challenge as a result of formation complexity, heterogeneity, and limitations of evaluation technologies. It is well-known that some areas in the Vaca Muerta formation contain layers that can act as fracture barriers and are responsible for fracture containment.
This paper presents a fast and simple methodology that uses conventional well logs [gamma ray (GR), sonic, and density] from pilot wells to identify potential fracture barriers. This approach establishes a means to evaluate the degree to which the rock will have the ability to control fracture height growth. This methodology was determined useful for planning perforation intervals or clusters placement, particularly in those formations with stress profile showing reduced stress contrast and, when complemented with geological information, this method also provides useful information for horizontal well trajectory. Case studies are provided to illustrate examples of the proposed fracture barrier index (FBI) being calibrated or compared to other fracture height assessment. Additionally, the benefits of adding this new approach to current methodologies and technologies to aid completion design optimization and decision making is discussed.
Horizontal Infill Well with AICDs Improves Production in Mature Field - A Case Study
Authors: Giden Ilhami , Nirtl Michael , Maier Hans Thomas , Mohd Ismail Ismarullizam 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of three horizontal infill wells in a mature field, of which one is completed with autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs). The analytic results are based on the comparison of oil production rates; water cut development and water-oil ratio plots of the wells. All the wells in this study are producing from the same homogeneous sandstone reservoir.
Two of the horizontal infill wells are targeting attic oil in an area with low risk of gas production of which one of these wells is completed with slotted liners and the other with AICDs. Both are artificially lifted with high rate electrical submersible pumps (ESPs). The third horizontal well was placed in an area with higher gas saturation, where a completion with casing, cementation and perforation was used. The performance of the horizontal wells is compared against each other.
The use of active geo-steering successfully supported the well placement into the "sweet spot" of the reservoir due to real-time well path adjustments.
It was found that the AICDs choke back a high amount of fluid and keep the water cut at a stable plateau level. This observation underlines the key benefit of using AICDs as when comparing to the other producing wells without AICDs, the water cut is steadily increasing.
Therefore the use of AICDs is a real option for horizontal well completion.
This paper will be useful to those who are in a phase of early well planning, e.g. in a field (re-)development project and have to select the best well concept (e.g. slotted liner vs. AICDs). AICDs have proven their value even in a super-mature oil field by improving production. Further advantages and challenges during operation are discussed in this paper.
Foam Assisted Gas Lift: The Impact of Different Surfactant Delivery Methods on Oil Well Performance
Authors: Martins Ana , Marino Marco , Kerem Murat , Guzman Manuel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the first comparison between two different injection methods for foam assisted gas lift. Useful information for operators and technology developers are also provided concerning chemical selection, testing, and deployment of this hybrid artificial lift technology in the field.
The trials have been conducted in a gas lifted oil well with severe slugging and water cut above 50% (selection criteria as per SPE-184217-MS). The surfactant was delivered through a dedicated capillary injection string during the first trial, and the effects of surfactant concentration and depth of injection were evaluated. During the second trial, the surfactant was injected into the gas lift stream at the surface. Different surfactants were utilised for both trials based on stability concerns and method of injection.
Both trialled injection methods successfully stabilized the well flow, terminating severe slugging while increasing the drawdown and delivering an increase in gross production of circa 200%. These results, together with the downhole pressure data collected during the first trial, confirm that the surfactant starts foaming only at the depth where the lift gas enters the tubing. Injecting surfactant into the lift gas stream required higher concentrations than using a dedicated injection string, difference attributable to the slightly different chemistry, but even at those higher concentrations an anti-foamer injection was not required.
Concerning the response time, the well responded in 30 to 60 minutes with capillary string injection, while 6 to 12 hours were required for injection into the lift gas stream. This suggests that the surfactant probably moves slowly down on the annulus walls as a liquid film rather than travelling in droplets dispersed in the gas phase. Based on the outcome of the two trials, it is concluded that the injection via the lift gas stream is as effective as capillary string injection, at a fraction of the initial costs, with lower maintenance requirements, while still allowing access to the well.
Application of Probabilistic and Deterministic Methods for Consistent Reserves and Resources Estimation and Reporting
Authors: Coll Carolina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Probabilistic and deterministic methods for reserves and resources evaluation are commonly used in isolation and often considered mutually exclusive. Subsurface uncertainties are critical factors impacting projects and reserves/resources especially in projects/areas where large sums of capital investment are required. Probabilistic methods allow a rigorous use of information on the ranges of uncertainty on key reservoir parameters like porosity, water saturation, permeability aquifer size for reserves estimation. A key output of probabilistic methods is the confidence levels associated with the reserves. Deterministic methods cannot provide confidence levels associated with reserves and resources assessments reason why its successful application is often relaying on the expert knowledge of the evaluator and the strict use of reserves or resources definitions. Technological advances in computing in the last decades have played a key role in advancing computationally intensive probabilistic methodologies including artificial intelligence. These advances have allowed integrated teams to perform studies using sophisticated workflows in feasible timeframes.
In this paper a detailed analysis of the different probabilistic methods is presented with a review of the level of regulatory compliance with the SEC1 and other industry guidelines like SPE PRMS2 that each of the different methods have. A group of workflows using a combination of these methods is also analysed.