bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil toxicity test methods must be improved
Authors: Hodson Peter V. , Adams Julie , Brown R. Stephen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

A review of the literature on oil toxicity tests showed a high diversity of reported test methods that may affect the composition, stability, and toxicity of oil solutions. Concentrations of oil in test solutions are dynamic because hydrocarbons evaporate, partition to test containers, bioaccumulate, biodegrade, and photo-oxidize. As a result, the composition and toxicity of test solutions may vary widely and create significant obstacles to comparing toxicity among studies and to applying existing data to new risk assessments. Some differences in toxicity can be resolved if benchmarks are based on measured concentrations of hydrocarbons in test solutions, highlighting the key role of chemical analyses. However, analyses have often been too infrequent to characterize rapid and profound changes in oil concentrations and composition during tests. The lack of practical methods to discriminate particulate from dissolved oil may also contribute to underestimating toxicity. Overall, current test protocols create uncertainty in toxicity benchmarks, with a high risk of errors in measured toxicity. Standard oil toxicity tests conducted in parallel with tests under site-specific conditions would provide an understanding of how test methods and conditions affect measured oil toxicity. Development of standard test methods could be achieved by collaborations among university, industry, and government scientists to define methods acceptable to all 3 sectors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:302–311. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Current oil toxicity test methods affect the stability and composition of oil solutions, causing errors and uncertainty in ecological risk assessments of oil spills. Improved approaches are needed to generate reliable benchmarks and to understand how site-specific experiment conditions affect oil toxicity.
Effects of increased temperature, drought, and an insecticide on freshwater zooplankton communities
Authors: Arenas-Sánchez Alba , López-Heras Isabel , Nozal Leonor , Vighi Marco , Rico Andreu 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

In the present study we performed a microcosm experiment to assess the effects of the insecticide lufenuron on zooplankton communities exposed to increased temperature and drought in (semi-)arid regions. The experiment consisted of 3 environmental scenarios, assessed in 2 parts. Firstly, we assessed how water temperature (20 and 28 °C) affects the sensitivity and resilience of the zooplankton community to lufenuron. Secondly, we investigated the influence of drought on the structure of the zooplankton community at a high water temperature (28 °C) and evaluated its possible interaction with lufenuron. The results show that the community exposed to lufenuron at 28 °C had a faster lufenuron-related response and recovery than the community at 20 °C. The combined effects of lufenuron and temperature resulted in a synergistic effect on some taxa (Daphnia sp., Cyclopoida, and Copepoda nauplii). The tested zooplankton community had a high resilience to drought, although some particular taxa were severely affected after desiccation (Calanoida). Interactions between drought and lufenuron were not statistically significant. However, rewetting after desiccation contributed to lufenuron remobilization from sediments and resulted in a slight Cyclopoida population decline at high exposure concentrations. The study shows how environmental conditions related to global change in (semi-)arid regions may influence chemical fate and the vulnerability of zooplankton communities to chemical stress. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:396–411. © 2018 SETAC
Cyanobacteria reduce motility of quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) sperm
Authors: Boegehold Anna G. , Alame Karim , Johnson Nicholas S. , Kashian Donna R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

The temporal expansion of harmful algal blooms, primarily associated with cyanobacteria, may impact aquatic organisms at vulnerable life-history stages. Broadcast spawning species release gametes into the water column for external fertilization, directly exposing sperm to potential aquatic stressors. To determine if cyanobacteria can disrupt reproduction in freshwater broadcast spawners, we evaluated sublethal effects of cyanobacteria exposure on quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) sperm. In laboratory studies, sperm were collected after inducing mussels to spawn using serotonin and exposed to 11 cultures of cyanobacteria including Anabaena flos-aquae, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Dolichospermum lemmermannii, Gloeotrichia echinulata, 5 cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa, M. wesenbergii, and Planktothrix suspensa. Sperm motility, using endpoints of cumulative distance traveled and mean velocity, was calculated for a minimum of 10 individual sperm using a novel optical biotracking assay method. The distance and velocity at which sperm traveled decreased when exposed to Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and 2 M. aeruginosa cultures. Our findings indicate that cyanobacteria impede the motility of quagga mussel sperm, which can potentially result in reproductive impairments to mussels and potentially other broadcast spawning species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:368–374. © 2018 SETAC
The effect of different processing methods on nutrient and isoflavone content of soymilk obtained from six varieties of soybean grown in Rwanda
Authors: Niyibituronsa Marguerite , Onyango Arnold Nola , Gaidashova Svetlana , Imathiu Samuel , Uwizerwa Mathilde , Ochieng Emelda Phillis , Ng'ang'a Fredrick , Birungi Josephine , Ghimire Sita , Harvey Jagger 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSoymilk is rich in nutrients and isoflavones, and could greatly promote nutrition and health. However, this product is not widely accepted due to an objectionable beany flavor. Several methods involving heat treatment and soaking in basic solutions prior to soymilk extraction have been reported to reduce the objectionable flavor. However, the effects of such treatments on the nutritional value and isoflavone content of soymilk, and the responses of different soybean varieties to nutrient extraction by these methods is not well studied. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of three processing methods on protein, fat, minerals, and isoflavone content in soymilk from six soybean varieties grown in Rwanda (Peka‐6, SB 24, Sc. Sequel, Sc, Squire, and a local variety) to find the best variety and processing method. The first method (M1) involved soaking soybeans in water for 12 hr prior to milk extraction, M2 involved blanching in NaHCO3 prior to extraction and M3 involved soaking in NaHCO3 solution for 16 hr and subsequent cooking prior to extraction. M1 resulted in significantly higher nutrient and isoflavone extraction than M2 and M3. Thus, M1 extracted more nutrients and can be recommended for soymilk production. However, where consumers prefer soymilk obtained by M2 or M3, Sc Squire and the local variety may be recommended. Sc. Squire has another advantage of higher isoflavone content than the other varieties. Further comprehensive studies on the sensory acceptability of products made from different varieties by different methods among different consumer categories will be necessary.
The monoclonal antibody for discrimination of natural honey against artificial honey
Authors: Joe Taeri , Jeong Eunbee , Yoo Gaeun , Ahn Sejin , Rhee Hae‐ik , Lee Deug‐Chan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundHoney is a natural product used as food, medicine, or cosmetics for very long time and is made by bees. Honey contains various components such as sugar, protein, minerals, and vitamins. Honey is made by Apis cerana or Apis mellifera, which commonly has major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) as a major protein. To discriminate between natural honey (NH) and artificial honey (AH), many researchers tried method of physicochemical analysis. However, the analysis results were ambiguous and not stable.ResultsWe have produced a monoclonal antibody that recognizes MRJPs of honeys in common. Monoclonal antibody has advantage such as accuracy, sensitivity, and stability as the standard. The specificity and affinity of produced antibody were measured by western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. As a result, this monoclonal antibody specifically recognized MRJPs of NH and did not recognize AH which has not including MRJPs.ConclusionNatural honey could be able to distinguish from AH accurately by using this monoclonal antibody. Also, this method could be commercially applicable.
Nutrient composition of fish protein powder developed from Brycinus nurse (Rüppell, 1832)
Authors: Kasozi Nasser , Asizua Denis , Iwe Gerald , Namulawa Victoria Tibenda 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new product in the form of edible fish powder was developed from small pelagic fish (Brycinus nurse) which constitutes one of the major commercial fisheries in Lake Albert, Uganda. The objective of the study was to determine the proximate and mineral composition of the newly developed fish powder and also to compare it with Nile tilapia powder already on market. Results indicated that the changes in the amount of protein and ash were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fish powder than in fried samples. The increase in fat content of fried fish samples was found to be significant compared to other fish samples. No significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed in carbohydrate content for raw, fried, and powdered samples. Vitamin A decreased significantly in powdered samples. Comparing the B. nurse powder and tilapia powder (made from juvenile tilapia as raw material), the results indicated that B. nurse had higher levels of iron and manganese. Extracting proteins from B. nurse provides an opportunity to increase the utilization of harvested catch.
Skin anti‐inflammatory activity of rose petal extract (Rosa gallica) through reduction of MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Lee Myung‐hee , Nam Tae Gyu , Lee Inil , Shin Eun Ju , Han Ah‐ram , Lee Pomjoo , Lee Sung‐Young , Lim Tae‐Gyu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the skin anti‐inflammatory activity of rose petal extract (RPE) and the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Recently, flowers have been considered as dietary resources owing to their biological activities, such as inhibition of nephritis and hemorrhoids. The Rosa plant exerts various biological functions, including antioxidant and anti‐microbiological activities. Herein, we confirmed the skin anti‐inflammatory activity of RPE upon solar UV (sUV) exposure. RPE reduced sUV‐induced COX‐2 expression as well as expressions of several cytokines. Activation of MKK4‐JNK, MEK‐ERK, and MKK3‐p38 signaling pathways, which are associated with cytokine production, was also attenuated by RPE treatment. We hypothesized these RPE‐induced changes are because of its antioxidant activity, because RPE displayed drastic radical scavenging and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Furthermore, high anthocyanins, polyphenols, and flavonoids contents were found in RPE. Hence, these results indicated the skin anti‐inflammatory activity of RPE is because of antioxidant activity.
Effect of medicinal plant type and concentration on physicochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and sensorial properties of kombucha
Authors: Shahbazi Hossein , Hashemi Gahruie Hadi , Golmakani Mohammad‐Taghi , Eskandari Mohammad H. , Movahedi Matin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding various medicinal plants to kombucha medium and to analyze the changes that occur to its physicochemical, antimicrobial, and sensorial properties. In the first part, measurements were made to determine IC50 value, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, minimum inhibitory concentration, pH, organic acids, and sensorial properties of kombucha that contained cinnamon, cardamom, or Shirazi thyme. Results showed that kombucha samples containing cinnamon exhibited higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, more organic acids, and better sensorial scores. In the second part, properties of kombucha containing 25%–100% concentrations of cinnamon were evaluated. The result showed that by increasing the cinnamon concentration, certain increases were observed in the amounts of organic acids and in the magnitudes of antioxidants and antimicrobial activities. In conclusion, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of kombucha can be increased by adding medicinal plants, especially at higher concentrations.
Co‐Producing Interdisciplinary Knowledge and Action for Sustainable Water Governance: Lessons from the Development of a Water Resources Decision Support System in Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: White Dave D. , Lawless Krista L. , Vivoni Enrique R. , Mascaro Giuseppe , Pahle Robert , Kumar Ipsita , Coli Pedro , Castillo Raúl Muñoz , Moreda Fekadu , Asfora Marcelo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOne of the most pressing global challenges for sustainable development is freshwater management. Sustainable water governance requires interdisciplinary knowledge about environmental and social processes as well as participatory strategies that bring scientists, managers, policymakers, and other stakeholders together to cooperatively produce knowledge and solutions, promote social learning, and build enduring institutional capacity. Cooperative production of knowledge and action is designed to enhance the likelihood that the findings, models, simulations, and decision support tools developed are scientifically credible, solutions‐oriented, and relevant to management needs and stakeholders' perspectives. To explore how interdisciplinary science and sustainable water management can be co‐developed in practice, the experiences of an international collaboration are drawn on to improve local capacity to manage existing and future water resources efficiently, sustainably, and equitably in the State of Pernambuco in northeastern Brazil. Systems are developed to model and simulate rainfall, reservoir management, and flood forecasting that allow users to create, save, and compare future scenarios. A web‐enabled decision support system is also designed to integrate models to inform water management and climate adaptation. The challenges and lessons learned from this project, the transferability of this approach, and strategies for evaluating the impacts on management decisions and sustainability outcomes are discussed.
The Early Aptian volcanic episode of Gutiolo (N Spain): Expression of the Bilbao Rift Fault Zone
Authors: García‐Mondéjar Joaquín , Carracedo‐Sánchez Manuel , Owen Hugh G. , Fernández‐Mendiola Pedro Angel 
Published: October 2018

The Gutiolo volcanic unit belongs to the Aptian Bilbao Formation and crops out 6 km SE of Bilbao (N Spain) within marine marlstones. It is 300 m thick and up to 1 km long. The volcanics consist of lava in the lower part and volcaniclastic sediments above, with metatrachytes and metatrachybasalts, similar to others of the alkali Cretaceous sequence in the Basque–Cantabrian Basin. The palaeontological age is top early Aptian (Dufrenoyia furcata Zone) near the Bedoulian–Gargasian substage transition, and the isotopic age (K–Ar) is 123 ± 3 Ma but most probably, 122 Ma. E–W and N–S trending faults bounding the Gutiolo volcanics controlled magma eruption. Other NW‐ and SE‐oriented major faults in the Bilbao area favoured several Valanginian to Santonian eruptions including Gutiolo. The eruptions moved progressively in space and time from SW to NE. These faults make up a 15‐km‐wide tectonic belt, the magma‐leaky Bilbao Fault Zone. A similar magmatic fault zone NE of Bilbao, Gernika‐Elgoibar, poured magma onto the sea floor during the late Albian–Cenomanian up to the Santonian, continuing the north‐easterly younging trend of volcanic inceptions recognized in Bilbao. All this Cretaceous volcanism is related to the Bay of Biscay opening processes, and the Gutiolo event is correlated with the first appearance of oceanic crust in the Bay of Biscay. From stratigraphic, volcanic, geochemical, and mineralization evidence, we attribute Gutiolo to an early phase of mafic intrusion emplacement in the Bilbao area, underplated by magmatism during the Valanginian to Santonian (Cretaceous). Volcanic hydrothermal fluids associated to the Gutiolo event are considered responsible for metallic ore emplacement in the Basque–Cantabrian Basin during the early Aptian.
Applying a developmental lens to examine injury mortality in young people in Australia, 2001‐2013
Authors: Seah Rebecca , Mitchell Rebecca J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIssue addressedAs injuries are preventable, understanding the age profile of specific injury mechanisms is critical for developing injury prevention strategies. This study examined the profile and temporal trends of injury mortality of young people aged ≤24 years in Australia across developmental life stages.MethodA retrospective analysis of injury deaths of young people aged ≤24 years was conducted using closed cases from the National Coronial Information System during 2001‐2013. Negative binomial regression was used to examine temporal trends in mortality rates by age group.ResultsThere were 7749 injury deaths of young people in Australia. The mortality rates were estimated to decline each year for young people aged 0‐4 years (by 3.4%; 95% CI: −5.10 to −1.67), 10‐14 years (by 3.7%; 95% CI: −6.29 to −1.09), 15‐19 years (by 4.4%; 95% CI: −5.90 to −2.85) and 20‐24 years (by 4.5%; 95% CI: −5.61 to −3.37). Motor vehicle incidents were a frequent mechanism of fatal injury for all ages. For children aged ≤9 years, drowning and submersion and other threats to breathing were also frequent mechanisms of fatal injury. Young people aged 15‐24 years were also frequently fatally injured as a motorcyclist or a pedestrian.ConclusionsThe age‐specific injury mortality profiles reflect the changing vulnerabilities of young people influenced by physical, cognitive and social characteristics associated with different stages of their development. By focusing on different ages, targeted injury prevention interventions can be developed.So what?While policies play a key role in reducing injury mortality, secondary interventions that aim to shift attitudes to injury prevention activities will also be critical to influence positive behaviour change.
Preparation and Applications of Chiral Polymeric Particles
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Huang Huajun , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChiral polymeric particles (CPPs) have been gathering increasing interest as typical functional polymeric particles in recent decades. This article presents a review on the preparation and applications of CPPs. The methods for preparing CPPs are classified into two major groups: The first one is the direct polymerization of monomers and the other is the post‐treatment of preformed polymers. CPPs have been explored as a unique type of chiral materials in various fields like asymmetric catalysis, enantioselective release, enantioselective crystallization, and enantioseparation. This review article is expected to accelerate the progress of scientific research dealing with CPPs and their applications in chirality‐related fields.
Stimuli‐Responsive Polyurethane Dispersions – Aqueous Auto‐Dispersion
Authors: Gupta Harshit , Texter John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report a single‐pot synthesis of polyurethanes (PUs) in solvent that utilizes an hydroxyl imidazolium bromide salt (ionic liquid) as a chain terminating group. This material, after being desolvated under activation, spontaneously disperses in water to form auto‐dispersing polyurethane dispersions (PUDs). These PUDs comprise aggregates, that separate under further activation (sonication) to form sub‐micron to sub‐100‐nm dispersions that are stable. Their size changes during such (auto) dispersion processing are examined by dynamic light scattering. Anion‐dependent stimuli‐responsiveness is observed upon anion exchange. This stimuli‐responsiveness is based on imidazolium‐anion pair solubility changes induced by anion exchange. Dispersion destabilization can be induced by selection and anion exchange for particular “hydrophobic” anions. Film formation and wetting are observed to exhibit stimuli‐responsiveness to anion exchange. Coatings based on PUD comprising tripropylene glycol are less hydrophilic than coatings incorporating PEO‐based PUDs.
Lignin Based Molecular Materials – a Zinc Vanillate with a Hydrogen Bonded 4‐ and 8‐connected Net with a New Topology
Authors: Spekreijse Jurjen , Inge A. Ken , Öhrström Lars 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVanillic acid, C8H8O4, is a possible product from a future biorefinery with lignin as raw material. Two coordination compounds with this ligand in two different protonation states were prepared: 1 [Zn(C8H7O4)2(H2O)2] and 2 [Co2(C8H6O4)2(H2O)6] ⋅ 2H2O. Both compounds form extended 3D structures with strong hydrogen bonds. A high symmetry 8‐ and 4‐connected network topology, jus, is found in 1. The dinuclear coordination entity in 2 hints at a potentially useful SBU for MOF synthesis from lignin based bridging ligands.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet indices in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Gogoi Priyanka , Sinha Pallavi , Gupta Bindiya , Firmal Priyanka , Rajaram Shalini 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and platelet indices between women with pre‐eclampsia and normotensive pregnant women.MethodsA cross‐sectional study conducted from January to July 2017 at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. The study compared pregnant women aged 18–40 years with pre‐eclampsia diagnosed at term with healthy pregnant women matched for gestational age. Venous blood samples were drawn and complete blood count was analyzed. The parameters recorded were hemoglobin, red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit, and platelet distribution width.ResultsThere were 67 women included in each group. NLR was higher in women with pre‐eclampsia compared with the control group (6.8 ± 7.6 vs 3.0 ± 0.98; P=0.001). Both PLR (14.18 ± 14.4 vs 9.54 ± 3.6; P=0.012) and MPV (9.45 ± 1.19 vs 9.02 ± 1.1; P=0.029) were higher in the study group compared with the control group. Platelet count was lower in pre‐eclamptic women compared with the control group (188 ± 89.7 vs 200.1 ± 62.36; P=0.014). RDW was also higher in the study group (P=0.025).ConclusionsThe present study found that the inflammatory markers NLR, PLR, RDW, and MPV were higher in women with pre‐eclampsia. Measuring NLR and PLR may be useful in predicting pre‐eclampsia among women at high risk during prenatal follow‐up.