bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Obestatin: A Biomarker of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Beberashvili Ilia , Katkov Anna , Sinuani Inna , Azar Ada , Shapiro Gregory , Feldman Leonid , Gorelik Oleg , Stav Kobi , Efrati Shai 
Published: April 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Recent experimental studies have suggested that obestatin, a proposed anorexigenic gut hormone and a physiological opponent of acyl-ghrelin, has protective cardiovascular effects. We tested the hypothesis that obestatin is independent of inflammatory mediators and/or acyl-ghrelin in predicting outcomes of the maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) population. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> It was a 6-year cohort study on 261 MHD patients. Obestatin, acyl-ghrelin, adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), markers of inflammation and nutrition, prospective all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were studied. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During the follow-up, 160 patients died in total, with 74 deaths due to cardiovascular causes. For each ng/mL increase in baseline obestatin level in fully adjusted models (including malnutrition-inflammation score, Interleukin-6 [IL-6], adipokines and acyl-ghrelin), the hazard for death from all causes was 0.90 (95% CI 0.81–0.99) and for cardiovascular death 0.85 (95% CI 0.73–0.99). However, these associations were more robust in the subgroup of patients aged above 71 years: 0.85 (95% CI 0.73–0.98) for all-cause death and 0.66 (95% CI 0.52–0.85) for cardiovascular death. An interaction between high IL-6 (above median) and low obestatin (below median) levels for increased risk of all-cause mortality (synergy index [SI] 5.14, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (SI 4.81, <i>p</i> = 0.02) emerged in the development of multivariable adjusted models. Interactions were also observed between obestatin, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, adipokines and acyl-ghrelin, which were associated with mortality risk. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Serum obestatin behaves as a biomarker for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in MHD patients. The prognostic ability of obestatin in this regard is independent of inflammation, nutritional status, acyl-ghrelin’s and adipokines’ activity and is modified by age being very prominent in patients older than 71 years.
СИНТЕЗ ТА ОЦІНКА ПРОТИЗАПАЛЬНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ПОХІДНИХ РОДАНІНУ З 2-(2,6-ДИХЛОРОФЕНІЛАМІНО)ФЕНІЛАЦЕТАМІДНИМ ФРАГМЕНТОМ У МОЛЕКУЛАХ
Authors: Shepeta Yu. L. , Lelyukh M. I. , Zimenkovsky B. S. , Nektegayev I. O. , Lesyk R. B. 
Published: April 2018

Мета роботи. На основі реакцій гетероциклізації та Кньовенагеля здійснити синтез нових 5-іліденроданінів sз фрагментом диклофенаку в положенні 3 для скринінгу протизапальної активності.Матеріали і методи. Органічний синтез, спектроскопія ЯМР, елементний аналіз, фармакологічний скринінг, SAR-аналіз.Результати й обговорення. Взаємодією гідразиду 2-(2,6-дихлорофеніламіно)-фенілацетатної кислоти з тіокарбоніл-біс-тіогліколевою кислотою в середовищі етанолу синтезовано похідне роданіну з фрагментом протизапального засобу «Диклофенак» в положенні 3. Враховуючи наявність активної метиленової групи в положенні 5, проведено подальшу модифікацію отриманого роданіну в умовах реакції Кньовенагеля з різноманітними ароматичними альдегідами, похідними ізатину та цинамового альдегіду з утворенням серій відповідних 5-ариліден-, 5-ізатиніліден- та 5-(3-фенілпропен)іліденпохідних для вивчення антиексудативної активності. Структуру синтезованих сполук підтверджено елементним аналізом та спектроскопією ПМР.Висновки. Результати дослідження протизапальної активності синтезованих сполук дозволили ідентифікувати три високоактивні сполуки, які за показником пригнічення запальної реакції (42,4-45,3%) були співмірними з еталонним нестероїдним протизапальним засобом «Диклофенак натрію».
ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ПАРАМЕТРИ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ЛІПОСОМ З ОКСАЛІПЛАТИНОМ
Authors: Stadnichenko O. V. , Krasnopolsky Yu. M. , Yarnykh T. G. 
Published: April 2018

Мета роботи: на основі експерименту запропонувати науково-обґрунтовану технологію виробництва ліпосомальної форми оксаліплатину. Провести аналіз проміжних продуктів, визначити контрольні точки.Матеріали і методи. Для виготовлення ліпосом використовували яєчний фосфатидилхолін виробництва Lipoid (Німеччина). Дипальмітоілфосфатидилгліцерин, холестерин і розчинники використовували виробництва фірми Sigma-Aldrich (США). Ліпідну плівку отримували на роторному випарювачі Buchi 210. Для гомогенізації використовували метод екструзії при високому тиску. Процес ліофілізації здійснювали на обладнанні Quarco (КНР).Результати й обговорення. Розроблено дослідно-промислову технологію отримання ліпосомальної форми оксаліплатину. Створення повноцінної технології вимагало вивчення колоїдних властивостей гетерогенної лікарської наносистеми, особливо на етапі регідратації, параметрів ліофілізації, валідації методик контролю ступеня інкапсуляції оксаліплатину в ліпосоми, валідації кількісного визначення і визначення сторонніх домішок.Висновки. Запропоновано нову, оригінальну технологію отримання ліпосомальної форми оксаліплатину. Технологію апробовано на серіях препарату для проведення доклінічних досліджень.
ПАМ'ЯТІ ГЕОРГІЄВСЬКОГО ВІКТОРА ПЕТРОВИЧА ПРИСВЯЧУЄТЬСЯ
Authors: Of Pharmaceutical Review Pharmaceutical Society of Ukraine And editorial office 
Published: April 2018

Стаття-спогад про видатну особистість Георгієвського Віктора Петровича, доктора фармацевтичних наук, член-кореспондента НАН України (аналітична хімія), заслуженого діяча науки і техніки та кращого винахідника НАНУ, професіонала та патріота української фармації.
Misdiagnosis of Cerebral Vein Thrombosis in the Emergency Department
Authors: Liberman Ava L. , Gialdini Gino , Bakradze Ekaterina , Chatterjee Abhinaba , Kamel Hooman , Merkler Alexander E. 
Published: April 2018

Background and Purpose—
Rates of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) misdiagnosis in the emergency department and outcomes associated with misdiagnosis have been underexplored.

Methods—
Using administrative data, we identified adults with CVT at New York, California, and Florida hospitals from 2005 to 2013. Our primary outcome was probable misdiagnosis of CVT, defined as a treat-and-release emergency department visit for headache or seizure within 14 days before CVT. In addition, logistic regression was used to compare rates of clinical outcomes in patients with and without probable CVT misdiagnosis. We performed a confirmatory study at 2 tertiary care centers.

Results—
We identified 5966 patients with CVT in whom 216 (3.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1%–4.1%) had a probable misdiagnosis of CVT. After adjusting for demographics, risk factors for CVT, and the Elixhauser comorbidity index, probable CVT misdiagnosis was not associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02–1.05), intracerebral hemorrhage (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.57–1.65), or unfavorable discharge disposition (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.61–1.32); a longer length of hospital stay was seen among misdiagnosed patients with CVT (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.04–2.50). In our confirmatory cohort, probable CVT misdiagnosis occurred in 8 of 134 patients with CVT (6.0%; 95% CI, 2.6%–11.4%).

Conclusions—
In a large, heterogeneous multistate cohort, probable misdiagnosis of CVT occurred in 1 of 30 patients but was not associated with the adverse clinical outcomes included in our study.
The Next-Generation Goddard Convective–Stratiform Heating Algorithm: New Tropical and Warm-Season Retrievals for GPM
Authors: Lang Stephen E. , Tao Wei-Kuo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Goddard convective–stratiform heating (CSH) algorithm, used to estimate cloud heating in support of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), is upgraded in support of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. The algorithm’s lookup tables (LUTs) are revised using new and additional cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations from the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model, producing smoother heating patterns that span a wider range of intensities because of the increased sampling and finer GPM product grid. Low-level stratiform cooling rates are reduced in the land LUTs for a given rain intensity because of the rain evaporation correction in the new four-class ice (4ICE) scheme. Additional criteria, namely, echo-top heights and low-level reflectivity gradients, are tested for the selection of heating profiles. Those resulting LUTs show greater and more precise variation in their depth of heating as well as a tendency for stronger cooling and heating rates when low-level dBZ values decrease toward the surface. Comparisons versus TRMM for a 3-month period show much more low-level heating in the GPM retrievals because of increased detection of shallow convection, while upper-level heating patterns remain similar. The use of echo tops and low-level reflectivity gradients greatly reduces midlevel heating from ~2 to 5 km in the mean GPM heating profile, resulting in a more top-heavy profile like TRMM versus a more bottom-heavy profile with much more midlevel heating. Integrated latent heating rates are much better balanced versus surface rainfall for the GPM retrievals using the additional selection criteria with an overall bias of +4.3%.
Expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in footpad skin lesions with diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Noh Sun Up , Lee Won-Young , Kim Won-Serk , Lee Yong-Taek , Yoon Kyung Jae 
Published: April 2018

Background Diabetic neuropathy originating in distal lower extremities is associated with pain early in the disease course, overwhelming in the feet. However, the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy remains unclear. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor has been implicated in the onset of neuropathic pain and the development of diabetes. Objective of this study was to observe pain syndromes elicited in the footpad of diabetic neuropathy rat model and to assess the contributory role of migration inhibitory factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Methods Diabetic neuropathy was made in Sprague Dawley rats by streptozotocin. Pain threshold was evaluated using von Frey monofilaments for 24 weeks. On comparable experiment time after streptozotocin injection, all footpads were prepared for following procedures; glutathione assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling staining, immunohistochemistry staining, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. Additionally, human HaCaT skin keratinocytes were treated with methylglyoxal, transfected with migration inhibitory factor/control small interfering RNA, and prepared for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Results As compared to sham group, pain threshold was significantly reduced in diabetic neuropathy group, and glutathione was decreased in footpad skin, simultaneously, cell death was increased. Over-expression of migration inhibitory factor, accompanied by low expression of glyoxalase-I and intraepidermal nerve fibers, was shown on the footpad skin lesions of diabetic neuropathy. But, there was no significance in expression of neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators such as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, mas-related G protein coupled receptor D, nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 between diabetic neuropathy group and sham group. Intriguingly, small interfering RNA-transfected knockdown of the migration inhibitory factor gene in methylglyoxal-treated skin keratinocytes increased expression of glyoxalase-I and intraepidermal nerve fibers in comparison with control small interfering RNA-transfected cells, which was decreased by induction of methylglyoxal. Conclusions Our findings suggest that migration inhibitory factor can aggravate diabetic neuropathy by suppressing glyoxalase-I and intraepidermal nerve fibers on the footpad skin lesions and provoke pain. Taken together, migration inhibitory factor might offer a pharmacological approach to alleviate pain syndromes in diabetic neuropathy.
A new generalized cycle ergometry equation for predicting maximal oxygen uptake: The Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database (FRIEND)
Authors: Kokkinos Peter , Kaminsky Leonard A , Arena Ross , Zhang Jiajia , Myers Jonathan 
Published: April 2018

Background To develop a clinically applicable equation derived from direct assessment of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) to predict VO2max assessed indirectly during cycle ergometry. Design VO2max was assessed by open-circuit spirometry during a graded maximal exercise test using cycle ergometry. Multivariable linear regression analysis was applied to identify the most relevant variables and construct the best prediction model for VO2max using a random sample of 70% from each of the following age categories: <40, 40–50, 50–70 and >70 years; the remaining 30% was used for validation. Work rate (Watts*6.12/kg of body weight) and gender were considered in the final regression model as predictors of measured VO2max and the resulting equation was compared to the traditional American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) equation. Methods Participants were part of the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database (FRIEND), a multi-institutional initiative with the primary objective of establishing normative VO2max values across the adult lifespan. The final cohort consisted of 5100 (3378 men; mean age 35.9 ± 12.1 years and 1722 women; mean age 47.5 ± 14.0 years). Results The following equation was generated: VO2max in ml O2·kg–1·min–1 = 1.74* (Watts*6.12/kg of body weight) + 3.5. The derived FRIEND-ergometry equation predicted VO2max with an overall relative bias of 0.51% ± 0.11 compared to a 15.46% ± 0.13 associated with the traditional ACSM equations ( P < 0.001). This predictive value was independent of gender, race, cardiac risk factors and cardiac, antihypertensive, metabolic and/or lipid-lowering medication. Conclusion The FRIEND-ergometry equation is considerably more precise than the traditional ACSM equation with an overall error over 30 times lower than that associated with the ACSM equation.
Caffeine intake reduces incident atrial fibrillation at a population level
Authors: Casiglia Edoardo , Tikhonoff Valérie , Albertini Federica , Gasparotti Federica , Mazza Alberto , Montagnana Martina , Danese Elisa , Benati Marco , Spinella Paolo , Palatini Paolo 
Published: April 2018

Background The general belief is that caffeine increases the risk of hyperkinetic arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chronic caffeine intake on incident atrial fibrillation in general population. Design and methods A population cohort of 1475 unselected men and women observed for 12 years and left free to intake food or beverages containing caffeine was studied. Subjects were stratified into tertiles of caffeine intake both in the whole cohort and after genotyping for the –163C > A polymorphism of the CYP1A2 gene, regulating caffeine metabolism. Results In the whole cohort, the 12-year incidence of atrial fibrillation was significantly lower in the third (2.2%) than in the first (10.2%) or second (5.7%) tertile of caffeine intake ( P < 0.001). The same trend was observed in all genotypes; the apparently steeper reduction of atrial fibrillation in slow caffeine metabolisers found at univariate analysis was proved wrong by multivariate Cox analysis. Age, chronic pulmonary disease, history of heart failure and of coronary artery disease, and systolic blood pressure − but not the genotype or the caffeine ×  CYP1A2 interaction term − were significant confounders of the association between incident atrial fibrillation and being in the third tertile of caffeine intake (hazard ratio 0.249, 95% confidence intervals 0.161–0.458, P < 0.01). Conclusions A higher caffeine intake (>165 mmol/day or > 320 mg/day) is associated with a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation in the 12-year epidemiological prospective setting based on the general population.
A single-arm pilot study of guided self-help treatment based cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa in Japanese clinical settings
Authors: Setsu R. , Asano K. , Numata N. , Tanaka M. , Ibuki H. , Yamamoto T. , Uragami R. , Matsumoto J. , Hirano Y. , Iyo M. , Shimizu E. , Nakazato M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveGuided self-help treatments based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-GSH) are regarded as a first-line effective treatment for bulimia nervosa (BN). With limited application for CBT-GSH in Japanese clinical settings, we conducted a single arm pilot study in order to confirm the acceptability and availability of CBT-GSH in Japan.Results25 women with BN received 16–20 sessions of face-to-face CBT-GSH. Primary outcomes were the completion rate of intervention and abstinence rates from objective bingeing and purging as assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination. Secondary outcomes were other self-report measurements of the frequency of bingeing and purging, and characteristic psychopathologies of eating disorders. Assessments were conducted before CBT as baseline as well as after CBT. 92% (23/25) of the participants completed the CBT sessions. After CBT-GSH, 40% (10/25) of the participants (intention-to-treat) achieved symptom abstinence. The mean binge and purge episodes during the previous 28 days improved from 21.88 to 10.96 (50% reduction) and from 22.44 to 10.88 (52% reduction), each (before CBT-GSH to after CBT-GSH), and the within-group effect sizes were medium (Cohen’s d = 0.67, 0.65, each). Our study provided a preliminary evidence about the feasibility of CBT-GSH in Japanese clinical settings for the future.Trial registrationThis study was registered retrospectively in the national UMIN Clinical Trials Registry on July 10, 2013 (registration ID: UMIN000011120)
Temporal relationship between antibiotic use and respiratory virus activities in the Republic of Korea: a time-series analysis
Authors: Ryu Sukhyun , Kim Sojung , Kim Bryan I. , Klein Eili Y. , Yoon Young Kyung , Chun Byung Chul 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
Inappropriate use of antibiotics increases resistance and reduces their effectiveness. Despite evidence-based guidelines, antibiotics are still commonly used to treat infections likely caused by respiratory viruses. In this study, we examined the temporal relationships between antibiotic usage and respiratory infections in the Republic of Korea.

Methods
The number of monthly antibiotic prescriptions and the incidence of acute respiratory tract infections between 2010 and 2015 at all primary care clinics were obtained from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The monthly detection rates of respiratory viruses, including adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, human coronavirus, and human rhinovirus, were collected from Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cross-correlation analysis was conducted to quantify the temporal relationship between antibiotic use and respiratory virus activities as well as respiratory infections in primary clinics.

Results
The monthly use of different classes of antibiotic, including penicillins, other beta-lactam antibacterials, macrolides and quinolones, was significantly correlated with influenza virus activity. These correlations peaked at the 0-month lag with cross-correlation coefficients of 0.45 (p < 0.01), 0.46 (p < 0.01), 0.40 (p < 0.01), and 0.35 (< 0.01), respectively. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between acute bronchitis and antibiotics, including penicillin (0.73, p < 0.01), macrolides (0.74, p < 0.01), and quinolones (0.45, p < 0.01), at the 0-month lag.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that there is a significant temporal relationship between influenza virus activity and antibiotic use in primary clinics. This relationship indicates that interventions aimed at reducing influenza cases in addition to effort to discourage the prescription of antibiotics by physicians may help to decrease unnecessary antibiotic consumption.
Neurodevelopmental risk copy number variants in adults with intellectual disabilities and comorbid psychiatric disorders
Authors: Thygesen Johan H. , Wolfe Kate , McQuillin Andrew , Viñas-Jornet Marina , Baena Neus , Brison Nathalie , D'Haenens Greet , Esteba-Castillo Susanna , Gabau Elisabeth , Ribas-Vidal Núria , Ruiz Anna , Vermeesch Joris , Weyts Eddy , Novell Ramon , Buggenhout Griet Van , Strydom André , Bass Nick , Guitart Miriam , Vogels Annick 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundCopy number variants (CNVs) are established risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. To date the study of CNVs in psychiatric illness has focused on single disorder populations. The role of CNVs in individuals with intellectual disabilities and psychiatric comorbidities are less well characterised.AimsTo determine the type and frequency of CNVs in adults with intellectual disabilities and comorbid psychiatric disorders.MethodA chromosomal microarray analysis of 599 adults recruited from intellectual disabilities psychiatry services at three European sites.ResultsThe yield of pathogenic CNVs was high – 13%. Focusing on established neurodevelopmental disorder risk loci we find a significantly higher frequency in individuals with intellectual disabilities and comorbid psychiatric disorder (10%) compared with healthy controls (1.2%, P<0.0001), schizophrenia (3.1%, P<0.0001) and intellectual disability/autism spectrum disorder (6.5%, P < 0.00084) populations.ConclusionsIn the largest sample of adults with intellectual disabilities and comorbid psychiatric disorders to date, we find a high rate of pathogenic CNVs. This has clinical implications for the use of genetic investigations in intellectual disability psychiatry.Declaration of interestNone.
Detail, dynamics and depth: useful correctives for some current research trends
Authors: Nelson Barnaby , Hartmann Jessica A. , Parnas Josef 
Published: April 2018

SummarySeveral research trends in contemporary psychiatry would benefit from greater emphasis on detailed assessment, modelling dynamic change, and micro-level analysis. This may assist with clarifying nosological and pathoaetiological issues. We make this case by referring to three areas: psychopathology and nosology; prediction research; and ‘big N’ data sets.Declaration of interestNone.