bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Механічні властивості спрямовано закристалізованого евтектичного сплаву В4С – ТіВ2 ЛЕГОВАНОГО ЛАНТАНОМ
Authors: Головенько Я.Б. , Богомол Ю.І. 
Published: November 2024

Матеріали на основі карбіду бору, привертають до себе увагу завдяки комплексу властивостей, таких як висока твердість, корозійна стійкість та здатність до поглинання нейтронів [1]. Проте низька міцність і висока крихкість обмежує галузі використання такої кераміки.В даній роботі було досліджено вплив легування лантаном на механічні властивості спрямовано закристалізованого евтектичного сплаву В4С – ТіВ2. Мікроструктура одержаного сплаву легованого лантаном являє собою матрицю із карбіду бору армованого включеннями ТіВ2. Також особливістю структури є наявність третьої фази – гексабориду лантану, яка розташовується на міжфазних границях матриці із В4С та крупних включень ТіВ2. Залежність зміни механічних властивостей від кількості легуючої домішки показана рис. 1. Рис. 1 – Залежність механічних властивостей від вмісту хлориду лантану гептагідрату у вихідній суміші Спадання інтегральної мікротвердості композиту насамперед пов’язано зі зростанням вмісту фази LaB6, так як серед виявлених фаз саме ця фаза має найменшу твердість по Вікерсу (18-20 ГПа) [2]. Спадання тріщиностійкості пов’язано із укрупненням структури зі зростанням кількості введеного хлориду лантану. При поширенні тріщини крупні включення руйнуються разом з матрицею (рис. 2, а), в той час як дрібні сприяють відхиленню або гальмуванню тріщини (рис. 2, б). а ба – В4С – ТіВ2 із 3об.% LaCl3; б - В4С – ТіВ2 із 1об.% LaCl3Рис. 2 – Особливості поширення тріщин в композитіДля спрямовано закристалізованого композиту В4С – ТіВ2 легованого 2 об.% LaCl3, міцність на згин при кімнатній температурі склала 271 МПа, та при Т=1600 оС – 282 МПа, що, відповідно, на 30 % та на 20 % вище міцності нелегованого евтектичного сплаву B4С-TiB2. Дещо вищі значення міцності на згин пов’язані із тим, що КТР LaB6 має проміжне значення між КТР матриці та волокна, що сприяє кращому зчепленню матриці із армуючими включеннями.Механічні властивості композиційних матеріалів даного типу великою мірою залежать від характеристик зчеплення матриці і армуючої фази, саме тому утворення третьої фази на межі розділу фаз значною мірою впливає на формування механічних властивостей.
ИЗНОСОСТОЙКИЕ СПЛАВЫ ДЛЯ ДЕТАЛЕЙ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ
Authors: Ивахненко Е.И. , Шаломеев В.А. , Ивахненко И.Е. 
Published: November 2024

Для деталей металлургического оборудования, работающих в условиях интенсивного абразивного износа в условиях высоких температур (до 1100ºС) традиционно применяют высоколегированные сплавы. При этом, степень их легирования и морфология структурных составляющих определяют надёжность и долговечность работы отдельных деталей и узлов. Исследовали влияние легирующих элементов на структурообразование, механические и эксплуатационные свойства высоколегированных феррито-карбидных сплавов 100Х27С2Л и 100Х27Н3С2Л. Изучали влияние углерода, хрома, кремния и никеля в пределах: 0,3%≤С≤1,2%, 18,0%≤Cr≤28,0%, 0,5%≤Si≤2,5%, 0,4%≤Ni≤12,0%. Рентгеноструктурный анализ исследуемых сплавов проводили на дефрактометре ДРОН-3М в фильтрованном кобальтовом излучении при режимах съёмки U=26kV, I=15mA. Сканирование проводили со скоростью 1 град/мин при пределах излучения 4·104 имп/с с постоянной времени 2,5 с. По результатам съёмки проводили качественный фазовый анализ, с помощью которого идентифицировали фазы аустенита, феррита, карбидных включений и интерметаллидных соединений. С использованием рентгенографического прибора Jeol 5 исследовали морфологию карбидов и пограничные зоны структурных составляющих в системах карбид - феррит и интерметаллид-феррит. Металлографические исследования проводили с использованием оптических микроскопов МИМ-8М и МБИ-6 на образцах металла до и после высокотемпературных (1100ºС) испытаний. Результаты исследований позволили изучить процессы коалесценции и сфероидизации карбидов. Коалесценция карбидных частиц начиналась одновременно с их сфероидизацией и продолжалась после ее завершения. Однако, с заметной скоростью она происходила только при высоких температурах, когда диффузионная подвижность углерода увеличивалась. Диффузия углерода от мелких к крупным частицам карбидов создавала условия для пересыщения им аустенита на границах с карбидной фазой. В результате наблюдалось постепенное растворение мелких частиц карбидов и рост крупных. Межфазные зоны в системах карбид-феррит и интерметаллид–феррит были обеднены легирующими элементами и интенсивно окислялись в условиях высоких температур. Вводимые элементы - кремний и никель - действовали не однозначно. Кремний, концентрируясь на границе карбидной фазы, снижал скорость коррозии металла. Никель, как элемент не склонный к пассивации, в изучаемых пределах на коррозионные процессы практически не влиял. В результате проведенных исследований установлены оптимальные содержания легирующих элементов в сплавах и предложены новые феррито-карбидные сплавы для деталей горно-обогатительного оборудования, обеспечивающие надежную и долговечную работу.
Unexpected decline of the ocean carbon sink under record-high sea surface temperatures in 2023
Authors: Müller Jens , Gruber Nicolas , Schneuwly Aline , Bakker Dorothee , Gehlen Marion , Gregor Luke , Hauck Judith , Landschützer Peter , McKinley Galen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In 2023, sea-surface temperatures (SST) reached record highs. Based on historical responses, this SST anomaly would suggest an increased oceanic CO2 uptake (-0.11±0.03 PgC yr-1). In contrast, our observation-based estimates reveal that the global non-polar ocean absorbed about 10% less carbon than expected (+0.16±0.28 PgC yr-1). This weakening occurred despite reduced CO2 outgassing in the tropics associated with El Niño. Hence, the decline in CO2 uptake in 2023 materialised entirely in the extratropics, driven primarily by elevated SSTs in the Northern Hemisphere. Two ocean biogeochemical models demonstrate that in the subtropical North Atlantic the thermally-induced reduction in CO2 uptake was strongly mitigated by the depletion of dissolved inorganic carbon in the surface mixed layer. Such negative feedbacks cause an overall muted response of the ocean carbon sink to the record high SSTs, but this resilience may not persist under long-term warming or more severe SST extremes.
X-Ray Diffraction and EDS analysis of Al-Si-B-C Quaternary System
Authors: Ravanan Arivumani , Murugesan Palanisamy , Vellingiri Suresh , Paulraj Prabhu , Chandrasekar Ramkumar , Natesan Dhanaraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This research proposes the microstructural evolution, and phase relationships of the reactive melt infiltrated Al-Si-B-C composites. The infiltration of aluminium silicon (Al-Si) alloy with the boron carbide (B4C), under various smelting conditions and Si concentrations were carried out. Three distinct fully infiltrated composites were tested with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the composites. It has been determined that the Al-Si-B-C composites that have been prepared have improved mechanical qualities. These properties include great hardness and stability at high temperatures. This research provides insights into the synthesis and characterization of Al-Si-B-C composites, contributing to the advancement of material science.
Impact of cannabis and tobacco smoking on male fertility and their relationship with sperm mitochondrial genetic variants in the Cytochrome C Oxidase genes
Authors: Amor Houda , Jankowski Peter Michael , Smadi Mohammad A Al , Zoubi Mazhar S Al , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Hammadeh Mohamad Eid , Ismaeil Ayham 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Although tobacco smoking declined among men at reproductive age, the use of cannabis increased. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of tobacco and cannabis on sperm quality, sperm DNA integrity tested by Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) and acridine orange (AO) and their association to genetic variants in the Cytochrome C Oxidase 1, 2 and 3 genes (MT-CO1, MT-CO2, and MT-CO3). Semen samples were collected and divided into 37 non-smokers (NS), 39 tobacco smokers (TS), and 37 cannabis smokers (CS). MT-CO1, MT-CO2 and MT-CO3 genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced by Sanger. The results showed reductions in normal sperm morphology and non-progressive motility in TS and CS compared to NS (p < 0.001). However, immotile sperm, AO+, and CMA3 + scores were higher in the CS compared to TS and NS (p < 0.001). Twenty-three nucleotide substitutions (SNPs) detected in the MT-CO1 gene, 15 SNPs detected in the MT-CO2 gene, and 30 SNPs detected in the MT-CO3 gene. None of these SNPs was different between the three groups. Tobacco and cannabis smoking altered the motility and morphology of the spermatozoa and sperm DNA integrity but was not associated with genetic variants in the MT-CO1, MT-CO2 and MT-CO3 genes.
Linking the Subseasonal Variability of the East Asia Winter Monsoon and the Madden-Julian Oscillation through Wave Disturbances along the Subtropical Jet
Authors: Xiu Junyi , Jiang Xianan , Zhang Renhe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Due to a dramatic increase in the intensity and frequency of global weather extremes in recent decades, there is an urgent demand for reliable subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) climate predictions to guide disaster preparedness and policy-making for climate mitigation. However, our latest climate models exhibit rather limited S2S prediction skill, particularly for precipitation, partially due to a lack of understanding of key processes governing regional S2S variability. In this study, we illustrate that the subseasonal variability of precipitation over the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) region is not only closely tied to activity of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) over the Indian Ocean, but also linked to precipitation and temperature extremes worldwide, influenced by a circumglobal Rossby wave-train along the subtropical westerly jet. Despite a close phase-lock relationship between the MJO and subseasonal EAWM precipitation, this study confirms a minor role of the MJO itself for the subseasonal EAWM precipitation, which contradicts many previous findings. Considering a crucial role of the circumglobal Rossby wave-train for S2S variability of global weather extremes, we call for significant community efforts towards improved understanding and predictions of the circumglobal Rossby wave-train. The implications of the underexploited predictability by this circumglobal Rossby wave-train for S2S prediction of winter precipitation over the west coast of North America are particularly discussed.
The effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on TLR4/NF-κB neuroinflammatory pathway in the hippocampus of LPS-induced rats
Authors: Akhbari Masoume , Babaei Fatemeh , Navidi-Moghaddam Ava , Ghafghazi Shiva , Khodabandehloo Fatemeh , Sarookhani Mohammad Reza , Dargahi Leila , Mohammadi Ghazaleh , Nassiri-Asl Marjan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb), a yeast probiotic, has beneficial effects on gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases. Recently, the manipulation of gut microbiota with Sb and its potential role in modulating neurological conditions through regulating neuroinflammatory responses via the gut-brain axis has been considered. In this study, we examined the effect of Sb on toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4)-mediated neuroinflammation and spatial memory impairment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model. The allocation of rats into four groups, namely 1) control, 2) LPS, 3) Sb + LPS, and 4) Sb, was done randomly, and all treatments were applied according to the experimental design. Memory performance was then evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM) task. The levels of TLR4 pathway-mediated proteins and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus were determined using western blot. Also, neuronal survival was investigated by Nissl staining in this anatomical area of the brain. Results demonstrated that oral supplementation of Sb improved spatial memory by ameliorating LPS-induced memory deficit in rats. Regarding neuroinflammatory markers, elevated levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin (IL)-1β were significantly decreased in the brains of LPS-induced groups following treatment with Sb. Meanwhile, the neuronal destructive effects of LPS were significantly reduced in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions. Overall, our findings suggest that Sb may have a beneficial impact in preventing neuroinflammatory processes mediated by TLR4/NF-κB through regulating the gut-brain axis.
Examination of the Perroca Patient Classification Instrument Turkish Form- Expanded in a Multi-center Sample: a Delphi Study
Authors: AYAN Güzin , KARATEPE Hilal KUŞCU , SUBAŞI Birsen CİVİL , TAN Nazife UTLU , SARITAŞ Banu , ŞAFAK Ayşegül , BAYRAK Esra , AKINCI Berna , KOLİP Ahmet , DİRİCAN Ümmühan , YILDIZ Melek , TÜRKMEN Emine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Nurse managers should plan using scientific methods to ensure that nurse human resources work efficiently and effectively. One of these methods is the patient classification system and patient acuity tools, which reflect the bio-psycho-social and spiritual care needs of patients and are used to determine the number of nursing staff required. This Delphi study was conducted to examine the scope and validity of the Perroca Patient Classification Instrument Turkish Form-Expanded in a multi-hospital sample.
Methods
Qualitative research design was used. This content validation study was conducted in two phases. In the first stage of preliminary preparation for the Delphi study, focus group interviews were conducted (nine focus group interviews, n: 32), and in the second stage, Delphi I (n: 43) and Delphi II (n: 37) rounds were conducted. Guidance on Conducting and Reporting Delphi Studies was used to report the research process.
Results
The instrument consisted of 9 domains of care and 36 items. More than 95% consensus was achieved among the experts for all items.
Conclusion
The instrument is a validated tool used for classifying patients in inpatient wards of hospitals. It is recommended that psychometric analyses also be performed for this tool to be used in clinical practice and research.
Elevating Electrode Durability in Locally Enhanced Electric Field Treatment (LEEFT) for Long-Term Water Disinfection with a Robust Stainless-Steel Brush
Authors: Mo Feiyang , Wang Wei , Wang Shuai , Liu Nian , Xie Xing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) has emerged over the past decade as a new chlorine-free approach for water disinfection. However, the nanowire-modified electrodes for LEEFT remain the bottleneck as they are prone to degradation. This study aims to elevate electrode durability with a robust stainless-steel brush, allowing the long-term operation of the LEEFT systems. A coaxial reactor featuring the brush as the center electrode was developed to combine both macro- and micro-scale electric field enhancements. The system was optimized by testing various waveforms, frequencies, and operational conditions (e.g., voltage, flow rate, and number of reactors in series) to evaluate disinfection performance, including inactivation efficiency and metal release. Control experiments, flow cytometry analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to clarify the inactivation mechanisms. The results indicate that unipolar pulses with high duty cycle and frequency are optimal, allowing effective operation at low voltages (tens of volts) with a flow rate of 2 mL/min. Electroporation assisted by reactive oxygen species is identified as the main mechanism for microbial inactivation. Notably, the brush electrode has enabled effective inactivation for over one month with minimal electrode corrosion, which is promising for real-world water disinfection applications.
A Novel Approach to Autonomous Language Model Contextualization Through Dynamic Knowledge Frames
Authors: Soikao Ryuji , Chikafusa Hiroki , Sugino Kiyomasa , Kuromaru Daiki , Osanai Kazunari 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Maintaining contextual coherence over extended sequences has long challenged language generation models. Addressing this issue, Dynamic Knowledge Frames (DKFs) have been introduced as an innovative framework that modularizes and adapts knowledge representation, thereby enhancing the contextual adaptability of large language models (LLMs). DKFs enable LLMs to dynamically adjust their focus in response to evolving contextual demands, facilitating more coherent and contextually pertinent language generation. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that DKF-augmented models surpass traditional context-handling methodologies, such as sliding windows and fixed attention spans, in maintaining contextual integrity over extended sequences. This advancement signifies a substantial progression in the development of LLMs capable of dynamic context management, addressing a critical limitation inherent in conventional models. The integration of DKFs into LLMs not only improves performance metrics, including perplexity reduction and elevated BLEU and ROUGE scores, but also positions DKFs as a promising framework for future research endeavors aimed at developing LLMs with advanced contextual understanding and reasoning capabilities.
Language/Cognition gene polymorphisms provide information related to earliest scenarios of human species separation from other animals
Authors: Zhang Zhizhou , Zhang Shuaiyu , Xu Yongdong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study tries to judge which animals are closest to known ancient human samples in the context of language gene (LG) polymorphisms and cognition gene (CG) polymorphisms. Where was the earliest Homo erectus born on the earth in the history of human evolution? Because fossils are rare and difficult to find, we may never find the answer. However, genetic data can give a positive answer to which of the known ancient human samples are closest to the animal community. In view of the fact that language and cognitive ability are the core differences between human beings and other animals, 239 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 18 language genes and 223 SNPs of 18 cognitive genes were used in this study. 160 human genome sequence samples (including 111 ancient human samples from all continents) and 314 animal genome sequences (including birds, fish, primates, rodents, Laurasiatheria, reptiles and other animals, as categorized in Ensembl) were scanned, clustered and calculated for relative similarity. Several fish/reptile/bird samples, especially the bird b10 (Common canary) sample, were found to be the closest to the three hominid samples: African Sudan sample sd1, the European Neanderthal sample nd1n, and the Asian DevilsGate sample dg2.
Innovative Algorithmic Mechanism for Knowledge Compression and Retrieval with Novel Self-Referential Vector Processing
Authors: Nademort Marian , Simonsen Peter , Bianchi Frank , Schultz Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The exponential growth of data and the increasing complexity of information necessitate innovative approaches to knowledge representation and retrieval. Addressing this challenge, Self-Referential Vector Processing (SRVP) introduces a dynamic, self-referential mechanism within Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling adaptive restructuring of knowledge bases in response to contextual demands. The theoretical framework of SRVP, grounded in hyperdimensional computing and vector symbolic architectures, facilitates the encoding of complex data structures and relationships. Experimental implementation of SRVP in an open-source LLM demonstrated significant reductions in memory footprint, enhancements in retrieval accuracy, and improvements in processing speed, showing its potential to advance the efficiency and effectiveness of LLMs. These findings suggest that SRVP offers a transformative approach to knowledge compression and retrieval, with broad implications for the development of more sophisticated artificial intelligence systems.
Kekerasan di Pondok Pesantren: Aktor, Motif, dan Sebaran Geografis
Authors: Natsir Ahmad , Rohman Khabibur 
Published: November 2024

Terus berulangnya kasus kekerasan yang berujung kematian di pondok pesantren adalah sebuah ironi. Islam adalah agama yang mengajarkan nilai welas asih, serta mengutuk kekerasan dan tindak penghilangan nyawa tanpa hak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kasus kekerasan yang berujung kematian di pondok pesantren dari pemberitaan media. Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis profil pelaku, motif dan sebaran geografis tempat kejadian perkara. Peneliti mengkaji 15 kasus kekerasan yang berujung kematian dalam kurun 2022 hingga 2024. Kriteria kasus yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini adalah 1) kematian santri pesantren yang diakibatkan tindak kekerasan, 2) diberitakan oleh media massa kredibel, dan 3) terjadi dalam kurun 3 tahun terakhir (2022 hingga 2024). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 67% pelaku tindak kekerasan adalah senior atau orang yang oleh pengelola pondok pesantren diberi kepercayaan mengurus pondok pesantren. Sedangkan pemicu terjadinya kasus adalah perselisihan antar individu dan tuduhan pencurian. Sedangkan motif tindak kekerasan didominasi oleh motif memberikan hukuman yang diniatkan “untuk mendisplinkan”. Sedangkan berdasarkan persebaran geografis lokasi kejadian adalah pulau jawa sebesar 80%, dengan rincian 6 kasus di Jawa Timur, dan masing-masing 3 kasus di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Barat, selebihnya tersebar di provinsi dan pulau lainnya. Implikasi dari penelitian adalah pentingnya bagi pesantren untuk memberikan kewenangan yang jelas, terukur, dan termonitor kepada senior atau pengurus, terutama dalam hal membina dan menyelesaikan masalah di pesantren. Selain itu, pesantren perlu mengupayakan agar nilai welas asih dan anti-kekerasan yang merupakan inti ajaran agama Islam tidak hanya sebatas menjadi pengetahuan, tapi juga menjadi habit yang terus dilatihkan.
Advancing Audiovisual Translation Education: Evaluating and Enhancing the Capabilities of English Undergraduates at the University of Mataram
Authors: Wardana Lalu Ali , Baharuddin Baharuddin , Farmasari Santi 
Published: November 2024

This study aims to evaluate and develop the audiovisual translation (AVT) skills of English education undergraduate students at the University of Mataram. As the dissemination of information increasingly occurs through dynamic online media, mastering AVT techniques has become essential for future language professionals. The study will examine the quality of subtitle translations produced by students, as well as their ability to translate audio content into video captions - a new skill beyond traditional dubbing. By assessing current capabilities, the study seeks to reorient translation course curricula to better balance theoretical knowledge and practical application. Given the rapid technological advances in AVT, this study is critical in ensuring university programs adapt to emerging industry needs. The findings are expected to contribute to improving the quality of AVT education and enhancing the preparedness of English undergraduates to work as professional audiovisual translators. Ultimately, the study aims to empower the next generation of translators with the necessary skills to effectively convey information across multimedia platforms.