bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Star‐Shaped Molecules as Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells: Multiscale Simulation
Authors: Zhang Yue , Heng Panpan , Su Huishuang , Li Junfeng , Guo Jia , Ning Pan , Wu Wenpeng , Ren Tiegang , Wang Li , Zhang Jinglai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOn the reported TCP‐OH (See Scheme 1), other two star‐shaped molecules are theoretically designed by replacement of side group of TCP‐OH by N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)aniline for TPAP‐OH and oxygen‐bridged triarylamine for TBOPP‐OH. The core group, phenol, is kept in three molecules. Their potential to be hole transport material in perovskite solar cells without dopants is evaluated by multiscale simulations. The properties of isolated molecules are estimated by the frontier molecular orbital, absorption spectrum, and hole mobility. After that, the HTM@CH3NH3PbI3 adsorbed system is studied to consider the influence of adsorption on HTM performance. Besides the primary judgment, the glass transition temperature is also simulated to determine the stability of amorphous film. Not only the chemical stability is evaluated but also the amorphous film stability is considered. The latter is almost neglected in previous theoretical studies to evaluate the properties of HTMs. The performance of a designed molecule is evaluated from both the isolated molecules and HTM@CH3NH3PbI3 adsorbed system including aforementioned items, which is favorable to build reliable structure‐property relationship.
Recent Advances in Conjugated TADF Polymer Featuring in Backbone‐Donor/Pendant‐Acceptor Structure: Material and Device Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Baohua , Cheng Yanxiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlong with the persistent research interest in organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display and lighting technology, a new studying topic is now focused on developing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) polymer emitters, with the purpose to achieve high‐performance cost‐effective, solution‐processed OLEDs (s‐OLEDs) purely from fluorescent‐type materials. However, research in this topic is in its infancy about the designing rules of polymer structures, photophysical mechanisms and the correlated devices. In this Personal Account, mainly from our personal experience we will shortly introduce the historical developments, status and perspectives about one representative kinds of TADF polymers, i. e. the conjugated TADF polymers featuring in backbone‐donor/pendant‐acceptor (BDPA) structure scaffold, which shows very promising electroluminescent (EL) performance even using simple s‐OLED structure. Special attention is focused on illustrate the molecular designing & synthesis motivation, chemistry & device tactics towards solving the limiting factors about the quantum yields and aggregation‐quenching tendency in solid states. Further challenges and strategies towards optimizing their overall EL performance, e. g. simultaneous achieving extremely high external quantum efficiency, power efficiency and low roll‐off rate, are also discussed.
Dyslipidemia Is a Major Factor in Stem Cell Damage Induced by Uncontrolled Long-Term Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in the Rat, as Suggested by the Effects on Stem Cell Culture
Authors: Masouminia Maryam , Gelfand Robert , Kovanecz Istvan , Vernet Dolores , Tsao James , Salas Ruben , Castro Kenny , Loni Leila , Rajfer Jacob , Gonzalez-Cadavid Nestor F. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Previous work showed that muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) exposed long-term to the milieu of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (UC-T2D) in male obese Zucker (OZ) rats, were unable to correct the associated erectile dysfunction and the underlying histopathology when implanted into the corpora cavernosa, and were also imprinted with a noxious gene global transcriptional signature (gene-GTS), suggesting that this may interfere with their use as autografts in stem cell therapy.

Aim
To ascertain the respective contributions of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia to this MDSC damage, clarify its mechanism, and design a bioassay to identify the damaged stem cells. Methods: Early diabetes MDSCs and late diabetes MDSCs were respectively isolated from nearly normal young OZ rats and moderately hyperglycemic and severely dyslipidemic/obese aged rats with erectile dysfunction. Monolayer cultures of early diabetic MDSCs were incubated 4 days in DMEM/10% fetal calf serum + or − aged OZ or lean Zucker serum from non-diabetic lean Zucker rats (0.5–5%) or with soluble palmitic acid (PA) (0.5–2 mM), cholesterol (CHOL) (50–400 mg/dL), or glucose (10–25 mM).

Main Outcome Measure
Fat infiltration was estimated by Oil red O, apoptosis by TUNEL, protein expression by Western blots, and gene-GTS and microRNA (miR)-GTS were determined in these stem cells’ RNA.

Results
Aged OZ serum caused fat infiltration, apoptosis, myostatin overexpression, and impaired differentiation. Some of these changes, and also a proliferation decrease occurred with PA and CHOL. The gene-GTS changes by OZ serum did not resemble the in vivo changes, but some occurred with PA and CHOL. The miR-GTS changes by OZ serum, PA, and CHOL resembled most of the in vivo changes. Hyperglycemia did not replicate most alterations. Clinical Implications: MDSCs may be damaged in long-term UC-T2D/obese patients and be ineffective in autologous human stem cell therapy, which may be prevented by excluding the damaged MDSCs.

Strength & Limitations
The in vitro test of MDSCs is innovative and fast to define dyslipidemic factors inducing stem cell damage, its mechanism, prevention, and counteraction. Confirmation is required in other T2D/obesity rat models and stem cells (including human), as well as miR-GTS biomarker validation as a stem cell damage biomarker.

Conclusion
Serum from long-term UC-T2D/obese rats or dyslipidemic factors induces a noxious phenotype and miR-GTS on normal MDSCs, which may lead in vivo to the repair inefficacy of late diabetic MDSCs. This suggests that autograft therapy with MDSCs in long-term UT-T2D obese patients may be ineffective, albeit this may be predictable by prior stem cell miR-GTS tests.
Narrative Review of the Pathophysiology of Headaches and Photosensitivity in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion
Authors: Mares Christopher , Dagher Jehane H. , Harissi-Dagher Mona 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe most common symptom of post-concussive syndrome (PCS) is post-traumatic headache (PTH) accompanied by photophobia. Post-traumatic headache is currently categorized as a secondary headache disorder with a clinical phenotype described by its main features and resembling one of the primary headache disorders: tension, migraine, migraine-like cluster. Although PTH is often treated with medication used for primary headache disorders, the underlying mechanism for PTH has yet to be elucidated. The goal of this narrative literature review is to determine the current level of knowledge of these PTHs and photophobia in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in order to guide further research and attempt to discover the underlying mechanism to both symptoms. The ultimate purpose is to better understand the pathophysiology of these symptoms in order to provide better and more targeted care to afflicted patients. A review of the literature was conducted using the databases CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed. All papers were screened for sections on pathophysiology of PTH or photophobia in mTBI patients. Our paper summarizes current hypotheses. Although the exact pathophysiology of PTH and photophobia in mTBI remains to be determined, we highlight several interesting findings and avenues for future research, including central and peripheral explanations for PTH, neuroinflammation, cortical spreading depolarization and the role of glutamate excitotoxicity. We discuss the possible neuroanatomical pathways for photophobia and hypothesize a possible common pathophysiological basis between PTH and photophobia.
La norme de prononciation québécoise en changement (1970–2008) ? L'affrication de /t, d/ et l'antériorisation de /ɑ̃/ chez les présentateurs des journaux télévisés de Radio-Canada
Authors: Chalier Marc 
Published: December 2018

RésuméCet article présente une étude diachronique portant sur le changement de la norme de prononciation québécoise entre 1970 et 2008 sur la base d'un corpus de quatre heures et trente minutes de journaux télévisés de Radio-Canada, 52 à 58 minutes d'enregistrements ayant été prises en compte tous les dix ans durant cette période. L’étude compare la perspective sociolinguistique externe sur la norme (de prononciation) à la perspective interne de la phonétique sur cette même norme en se basant sur une analyse quantitative de deux traits de prononciation particulièrement saillants du français québécois : l'affrication de /t, d/ ainsi que la réalisation antériorisée de /ɑ̃/. Les résultats indiquent – du moins pour ces deux traits de prononciation – un changement significatif partant du standard de prononciation parisien et débouchant sur un standard québécois, les changements les plus frappants pouvant être observés entre les années 1970 et 1990.
Modeling the effects of war exposure and daily stressors on maternal mental health, parenting, and child psychosocial adjustment: a cross-sectional study with Syrian refugees in Lebanon
Authors: Sim Amanda , Bowes Lucy , Gardner Frances 
Published: December 2018

Background.The psychological effects of war trauma are well-documented, but comparatively little research has focused on the mechanisms underlying intergenerational impacts of war and displacement. Specifically, the effects of armed conflict on family processes such as parenting behavior, and subsequent impacts on child psychosocial outcomes, are less understood.Methods.This study tests a conceptual model linking past war trauma and current displacement-related stressors to maternal mental health, parenting behavior, and child psychosocial problems. Cross-sectional data were collected in 2016–2017 from a sample of 291 Syrian refugee mothers in Lebanon. We used structural equation modeling to examine associations between war trauma, daily stressors, mothers’ general psychological distress and post-traumatic stress (PTS), negative parenting, and child psychosocial problems.Results.Exposure to war-related events was directly associated with maternal PTS and general psychological distress, as well as indirectly via daily stressors. Mothers’ general psychological distress, but not PTS, was directly associated with negative parenting and child psychosocial difficulties. Negative parenting mediated the association between maternal general psychological distress and child psychosocial problems. Model fit statistics indicate that the measurement and structural models provided a good fit to the data.Conclusions.Results suggest that the adverse effects of past war trauma and ongoing displacement on refugee mothers’ general mental health can increase the risk of negative parenting behavior, and in turn contribute to poorer psychosocial outcomes for children. Interventions should focus on psychosocial and parenting support for war-affected caregivers, as well as address structural challenges that debilitate caregiver and child mental health.
From human desire to divine desire in John of the Cross
Authors: HOWELLS EDWARD 
Published: December 2018

AbstractJohn of the Cross presents a spiritual journey of desire in which desire changes from a painful yearning for an infinite other, always out of reach (human desire), to the satisfaction of desire in mutual love and rest (the goal of union with God, conforming human to divine desire). John asserts a continuity of desire between these two states, and that it is possible for human desire to grow from one into the other. Yet they are very different. John's treatment of desire and how he asserts this continuity are assessed through a critical reading of hisSpiritual Canticle.
MORAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND SOCIAL NORMS
Authors: Van Schoelandt Chad 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:This essay argues that moral accountability depends upon having a shared system of social norms. In particular, it argues that the Strawsonian reactive attitude of resentment is only fitting when people can reasonably expect a mutual recognition of the justified demands to which they are being held. Though such recognition should not typically be expected of moral demands that are thought to be independent of any social practice, social norms can ground such mutual recognition. On this account, a significant part of a society’s social norms are also properly seen as moral norms. The essay defends this overlap of social and moral norms in contrast to views on which moral norms and social norms are sharply distinguished. Lastly, the essay concludes by addressing challenges for accountability in circumstances of norm change.
SHRIEKING SIRENS: SCHEMATA, SCRIPTS, AND SOCIAL NORMS. HOW CHANGE OCCURS
Authors: Bicchieri Cristina , McNally Peter 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:This essay investigates the relationships among scripts, schemata, and social norms. The authors examine how social norms are triggered by particular schemata and are grounded in scripts. Just as schemata are embedded in a network, so too are social norms, and they can be primed through spreading activation. Moreover, the expectations that allow a social norm’s existence are inherently grounded in particular scripts and schemata. Using interventions that have targeted gender norms, open defecation, female genital cutting, and other collective issues as examples, the authors argue that ignoring the cognitive underpinnings of a social norm can hamper the effectiveness of behavioral interventions.
LEARNING BARGAINING CONVENTIONS
Authors: Vanderschraaf Peter 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:I examine from a conventionalist perspective the Nash bargaining problem that philosophers use as a tool for analyzing fair division. From this perspective, the solutions to bargaining problems are conventions that can emerge from inductive learning and focal point effects. I contrast the conventionalist approach to analyzing the bargaining problem with the better-known rational choice approach, which I criticize for having overly demanding epistemic presuppositions and for producing disappointing results. I apply a simple model of inductive learning to specific bargaining problems to show that agents can learn from repeated experience to follow a variety of bargaining conventions in a given problem. I conclude that such agents can come to regard two such conventions as focal for the bargaining problem, one that assigns claimants equal shares of a good and another egalitarian solution of equal payoff gains, and that the egalitarian solution tends to prevail when these two solutions differ. I conclude further that the above analysis lends support for admitting interpersonal utility comparisons into the analysis of fair division problems, and also suggests a focal point explanation of the wide acceptance of the Aristotelian proportionality principle of distributive justice.
SOCIAL NORMS AND HUMAN NORMATIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Kelly Daniel , Davis Taylor 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:Our primary aim in this paper is to sketch a cognitive evolutionary approach for developing explanations of social change that is anchored in the psychological mechanisms underlying normative cognition and the transmission of social norms. We throw the relevant features of this approach into relief by comparing it with the self-fulfilling social expectations account developed by Bicchieri and colleagues. After describing both accounts, we argue that the two approaches are largely compatible, but that the cognitive evolutionary approach is well suited to encompass much of the social expectations view, whose focus on a narrow range of norms comes at the expense of the breadth the cognitive evolutionary approach can provide.
Post-exposure prophylaxis vaccination rate and risk factors of human rabies in mainland China: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang D. L. , Zhang X. F. , Jin H. , Cheng X. Q. , Duan C. X. , Wang X. C. , Bao C. J. , Zhou M. H. , Ahmad T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRabies is one of the major public health problems in China, and the mortality rate of rabies remains the highest among all notifiable infectious diseases. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) vaccination rate and risk factors for human rabies in mainland China. The PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical and Wanfang databases were searched for articles on rabies vaccination status (published between 2007 and 2017). In total, 10 174 human rabies cases from 136 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Approximately 97.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 95.1–98.7%) of rabies cases occurred in rural areas and 72.6% (95% CI 70.0–75.1%) occurred in farmers. Overall, the vaccination rate in the reported human rabies cases was 15.4% (95% CI 13.7–17.4%). However, among vaccinated individuals, 85.5% (95% CI 79.8%–83.4%) did not complete the vaccination regimen. In a subgroup analysis, the PEP vaccination rate in the eastern region (18.8%, 95% CI 15.9–22.1%) was higher than that in the western region (13.3%, 95% CI 11.1–15.8%) and this rate decreased after 2007. Approximately 68.9% (95% CI 63.6–73.8%) of rabies cases experienced category-III exposures, but their PEP vaccination rate was 27.0% (95% CI 14.4–44.9%) and only 6.1% (95% CI 4.4–8.4%) received rabies immunoglobulin. Together, these results suggested that the PEP vaccination rate among human rabies cases was low in mainland China. Therefore, standardised treatment and vaccination programs of dog bites need to be further strengthened, particularly in rural areas.
The use of capture-recapture methods to provide better estimates of the burden of norovirus outbreaks from seafood in England, 2004–2011
Authors: Hardstaff J.L. , Clough H.E. , Harris J.P. , Lowther J.A. , Lees D.N. , O'Brien S.J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNorovirus (NoV) is the greatest cause of infectious intestinal disease in the UK. The burden associated with foodborne outbreaks is underestimated in part because data are dispersed across different organisations. Each looks at outbreaks through a different lens. To estimate the burden of NoV from seafood including shellfish we used a capture-recapture technique using datasets from three different organisations currently involved in collecting information on outbreaks. The number of outbreaks of NoV related to seafood including shellfish in England was estimated for the period of 2004–2011. The combined estimates were more than three times as high (N= 360 using Chao's sample coverage approach) as the individual count from organisation three (N= 115), which captured more outbreaks than the other two organisations. The estimates were calculated for both independence and dependence between the datasets. There was evidence of under-reporting of NoV outbreaks and inconsistency of reporting between organisations, which means that, currently, more than one data source needs to be used to estimate as accurately as possible the total number of NoV outbreaks and associated cases. Furthermore, either the integration of reporting mechanisms or simplifying the process of reporting outbreaks to organisations is essential for understanding and, hence, controlling disease burden.
Further percutaneous dilation of a Melody® valve in the mitral position to accommodate somatic growth in a small child: lessons learned
Authors: Sullivan Patrick M. , Wong Pierre C. , Kim Richard , Ing Frank F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA 15-month-old child underwent percutaneous expansion of a Melody transcatheter pulmonary valve in the mitral position to accommodate growth after initial surgical implantation during infancy, but transiently decompensated after valvuloplasty owing to stent malformation. The Melody valve in the mitral position of small patients can be further expanded by percutaneous dilation, but there are a number of potential complications and technical improvements to consider.
Frequency and characteristics of drowsiness, somnolence, or daytime sleepiness in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Yennurajalingam Sriram , Barla Srikanth Reddy , Arthur Joseph , Chisholm Gary B. , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionCancer-related drowsiness (CRD) is a distressing symptom in advanced cancer patients (ACP). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with severity of CRD. We also evaluated the screening performance of Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale-drowsiness (ESAS-D) item against the Epworth Sedation Scale (ESS).MethodWe prospectively assessed 180 consecutive ACP at a tertiary cancer hospital. Patients were surveyed using ESAS, ESS, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale.ResultNinety of 150 evaluable patients had clinically significant CRD (ESS); median (interquartile ratio): ESS. 11 (7–14); ESAS-D. 5 (2–6); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. 8 (5–11); Insomnia Severity Index. 13 (5–19); Stop Bang Scoring 3 (2–4), and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-D 6 (3–10). ESAS-D was associated with ESAS (r, p) sleep (0.38, &lt;0.0001); pain (0.3, &lt;0.0001); fatigue (0.51, &lt;0.0001); depression (0.39, &lt;0.0001); anxiety (0.44, &lt;0.0001); shortness of breath (0.32, &lt;0.0001); anorexia (0.36, &lt;0.0001), feeling of well-being [(0.41, &lt;0.0001), ESS (0.24, 0.001), and opioid daily dose (0.19, 0.01). Multivariate-analysis showed ESAS-D was associated with fatigue (odds ratio [OR] = 9.08, p &lt; 0.0001), anxiety (3.0, p = 0.009); feeling of well-being (OR = 2.27, p = 0.04), and insomnia (OR = 2.35; p = 0.036). Insomnia (OR = 2.35; p = 0.036) cutoff score ≥3 (of 10) resulted in a sensitivity of 81% and 32% and specificity of 70% and 44% in the training and validation samples, respectively.Significance of resultsClinically significant CRD is frequent and seen in 50% of ACP. CRD was associated with severity of insomnia, fatigue, anxiety, and worse feeling of well-being. An ESAS-D score of ≥3 is likely to identify most of the ACP with significant CRD.
Development of novel polymorphic nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
Authors: Breidenbach Natalie , Gailing Oliver , Krutovsky Konstantin V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe range-wide genetic structure of the highly productive and valuable timber speciesSequoia sempervirens(D. Don) Endl. is still insufficiently studied, although published data based on different genetic markers (nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites, AFLP, RFLP and isozymes) demonstrated relatively low population structure. However, more genetic markers are needed to increase the efficiency of population genetic studies in coast redwood. Therefore, we developed seven nuclear and five chloroplast microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and the complete chloroplast genome sequence, respectively. All selected markers were tested in a range-wide sample representing trees from 16 locations. They are highly polymorphic microsatellite loci with the number of alleles ranging from 3 to 17, and the number of effective alleles from 1.1 to 2.48. Coast redwood is a hexaploid species, and its chloroplasts are paternally inherited. Therefore, the chloroplast SSR markers are especially useful for this species, because their genotyping is not affected by nuclear genome ploidy. Moreover, they showed high gene diversity for each locus within and across all populations and can be used to study range-wide population genetic structure, pollen-based gene flow and long-distance gene transfer. Coast redwood can propagate clonally, and nuclear polymorphic EST-SSRs can be used for clonal identification. They are linked with expressed genes and their variation can reflect variation in genes under selection, including those that could be potentially important for local adaptation of coast redwood considering the threat of climate change.