bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petroleum sulfonates, calcium salts (technical‐grade mixture in mineral oil) [MAK Value Documentation, 2018]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: October 2018

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) and the Pregnancy Risk Group of petroleum sulfonates, calcium salts [
61789‐86‐4
].

Petroleum sulfonates, calcium salts are manufactured as solution in mineral oil. Critical effect is lung toxicity which is observed as macrophage accumulation and hyperplasia of the bronchioli in a 4‐week inhalation study with petroleum sulfonates, calcium salts in rats at a respirable aerosol concentration of 156 mg/m
3
with a NOAEC of 49.5 mg/m
3
. These effects are similar to those with highly refined mineral oils observed in rats and dogs. A MAK value of 5 mg/m
3
had been set for petroleum sulfonates, calcium salts as the respirable fraction (R), which corresponds to the MAK value of white mineral oil. This value is now reaffirmed even considering the increased respiratory volume at the workplace (see List of MAK and BAT Values, Sections I b and I c).

There is still no data on developmental toxicity with petroleum sulfonates, calcium salts. The classification in Pregnancy Risk Group D is therefore retained.
Assessment of combined use of ArcCheck® detector and portal dosimetry for delivery quality assurance of head and neck and prostate volumetric‐modulated arc therapy
Authors: Moliner Gilles , Sorro Lise , Verstraet Rodolfe , Daviau Paul Alexandre , Casas Mélanie , Piron Bérengère , Dubois Karine , Debrigode Charles , Barrau Corinne , Bons Françoise , Greffier Joël 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo assess the efficiency of combined use of ArcCheck® detector (AC) and portal dosimetry (PDIP) for delivery quality assurance of head and neck and prostate volumetric‐modulated arc therapy.Materials and methodsMeasurement processes were studied with the Gamma index method according to three analysis protocols. The detection sensitivity to technical errors of each individual or combined measurement processes was studied by inserting collimator, dose and MLC opening error into five head and neck and five prostate initial treatment plans. A total of 220 plans were created and 660 analyses were conducted by comparing measurements to error free planned dose matrix.ResultsFor head and neck localization, collimator errors could be detected from 2° for AC and 3° for PDIP. Dose and MLC errors could be detected from 2% and 0.5 mm for AC and PDIP. Depending on the analysis protocol, the detection sensitivity of total simulated errors ranged from 54% to 88% for AC vs 40% to 74% for PDIP and 58% to 92% for the combined process. For the prostate localization, collimator errors could be detected from 4° for AC while they could not be detected by PDIP. Dose and MLC errors could be detected from 3% and 0.5 mm for AC and PDIP. The detection sensitivity of total simulated errors ranged from 30% to 56% for AC vs 16% to 38% for PDIP and 30% to 58% for combined process.ConclusionThe combined use of the two measurement processes did not statistically improve the detectability of technical errors compared to use of single process.
AAPM medical physics practice guideline 10.a.: Scope of practice for clinical medical physics
Authors: Clements Jessica B. , Baird Christopher T. , de Boer Steven F. , Fairobent Lynne A. , Fisher Tyler , Goodwin James H. , Gress Dustin A. , Johnson Jennifer Lynn , Kolsky Kathryn L. , Mageras Gig S. , Marsh Rebecca M. , Martin Melissa C. , Parker Brent , Pavord Daniel C. , Schell Michael C. , Anthony Seibert J. , Stevens Donna M. , Tarver Russell B. , Waite‐Jones Christopher G. , Wingreen Nicholai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) is a nonprofit professional society whose primary purposes are to advance the science, education, and professional practice of medical physics. The AAPM has more than 8000 members and is the principal organization of medical physicists in the United States. The AAPM will periodically define new practice guidelines for medical physics practice to help advance the science of medical physics and to improve the quality of service to patients throughout the United States. Existing medical physics practice guidelines will be reviewed for the purpose of revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner. Each medical physics practice guideline (MPPG) represents a policy statement by the AAPM, has undergone a thorough consensus process in which it has been subjected to extensive review, and requires the approval of the Professional Council. The medical physics practice guidelines recognize that the safe and effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiation requires specific training, skills, and techniques as described in each document. As the review of the previous version of AAPM Professional Policy (PP)‐17 (Scope of Practice) progressed, the writing group focused on one of the main goals: to have this document accepted by regulatory and accrediting bodies. After much discussion, it was decided that this goal would be better served through a MPPG. To further advance this goal, the text was updated to reflect the rationale and processes by which the activities in the scope of practice were identified and categorized. Lastly, the AAPM Professional Council believes that this document has benefitted from public comment which is part of the MPPG process but not the AAPM Professional Policy approval process. The following terms are used in the AAPM's MPPGs:

Must and Must Not: Used to indicate that adherence to the recommendation is considered necessary to conform to this practice guideline.
Should and Should Not: Used to indicate a prudent practice to which exceptions may occasionally be made in appropriate circumstances.
Assessment of specific versus combined purpose knowledge based models in prostate radiotherapy
Authors: Bossart Elizabeth , Duffy Melissa , Simpson Garrett , Abramowitz Matthew , Pollack Alan , Dogan Nesrin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractKnowledge‐based planning (KBP) can be used to improve plan quality, planning speed, and reduce the inter‐patient plan variability. KPB may also identify and reduce systematic variations in VMAT plans, something very important in multi‐institutional clinical trials. Training of a KBP library is a complex and difficult process, and models must be validated prior to their clinical use. The purpose of this work is to assess the quality of the treatment plans generated using a specific versus combined purpose model KBP library for prostate cancer. Seven KBP model libraries were created from a set of patients treated on various Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved protocols. All KBP libraries were validated using an independent set of twenty patients (half treated Pr: Prostate alone half treated PLN: prostate plus pelvic lymph nodes). Two models were tested on the Pr patients only, four tested on PLN patients only, and one tested on all patients. All plans were normalized such that at least 95% of the prostate planning target volume received 100% of the planned dose. The plans based on different model libraries were compared to each other and the expert clinical plan. For Pr plans there were almost no statistically significant differences (P < 0.008) between the plans types except conformity index (CI) with library plans better than the expert. For PLN plans, all model libraries in generally showed femur doses and CI better than the expert plans (P < 0.003). This study demonstrated that no large differences were observed between specific versus combined KBP model libraries in dosimetry of prostate cancer patients. This would allow for a fewer specific plans to be needed to create a model library. Further studies are needed to evaluate benefits of combined purpose model libraries for planning of complex sites such as head and neck cancer.
Scalable Production of Therapeutic Protein Nanoparticles Using Flash Nanoprecipitation
Authors: Zeng Zhipeng , Dong Cong , Zhao Pengfei , Liu Zhijia , Liu Lixin , Mao Hai‐Quan , Leong Kam W. , Gao Xiaohu , Chen Yongming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFlash nanoprecipitation (FNP) by fast mixing of drug‐containing organic solvent and water in a microchamber is a powerful and scalable technology to produce solid drug nanoparticles with high payload. The embedded therapeutic drugs, however, are largely limited to hydrophobic small molecules. By transferring proteins into organic solvent via hydrophobic ion pairing, the scope of FNP applications is expanded. This platform technology is capable of producing protein nanoparticles with tunable sizes (from ≈30 nm to sub‐micrometers), high‐production scale (grams per hour), high drug loading efficiency (>90%), and excellent reproducibility, opening a new paradigm for formulation of biological pharmaceuticals. As a proof‐of‐concept, insulin nanoparticles are made to address a major medical challenge; oral administration. A relative insulin bioavailability of 13.2% is achieved, enabling sustained reduction of blood glucose levels in a diabetic rat model.
Earliest Known Hominin Calcar Femorale in Orrorin tugenensis Provides Further Internal Anatomical Evidence for Origin of Human Bipedal Locomotion
Authors: Kuperavage Adam , Pokrajac David , Chavanaves Sakdapong , Eckhardt Robert B. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe calcar femorale (CF), a plate of dense bone internal to the lesser trochanter, is visible on computed tomographic images of the 6 million‐year‐old femoral fragment BAR 1003′00 (from the taxon Orrorin tugenensis), among the oldest specimens relevant to reconstructing the evolution of human bipedal locomotion. A strongly expressed CF has been used previously as an indicator of bipedality. If true, then there should be a quantifiable difference in the CF among hominoids. Absolute and normalized CF lengths were measured from computed tomographic images at five anatomical locations along the proximal portion of BAR 1003′00 in addition to samples of nine H. sapiens and ten P. troglodytes femora. The span of the CF superiorly to inferiorly within the proximal femur was measured by counting the number of cross‐sections on which the CF occurred. A Bayesian approach was used to classify the BAR 1003′00 sample based on normalized lengths. The P. troglodytes femora were more variable both in the occurrence of the trait and, where present, its span in the proximal femur. The H. sapiens sample exhibited CF lengths that were consistently larger at each location than the P. troglodytes in absolute terms, but the normalized lengths overlap substantially. The Bayesian posterior probability test classifies the CF of BAR 1003′00 with H. sapiens. The BAR 1003′00’s calcar femorale has a strong anatomical similarity to the H. sapiens sample, supporting the conclusion that O. tugenensis is an early bipedal hominin. Anat Rec, 301:1834–1839, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Axons of Passage and Inputs to Superior Cervical Ganglion in Rat
Authors: Wang Feng‐Bin , Cheng Pu‐Ming , Chi Hsiao‐Chun , Kao Chih‐Kuan , Liao Yi‐Han 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase was injected into the entire (0.8 μL) or partial (rostral or caudal, 0.1–0.3 μL) superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of the rat (male Sprague–Dawley, N = 35) to examine the distribution of neurons in the middle (MCG) and inferior (ICG) cervical ganglion that send axons bypass the SCG. Whole‐mounts of the SCG, cervical sympathetic trunk (CST), MCG, ICG, and sections of the brainstem and spinal cord were prepared. With entire SCG tracer injection, neurons were labeled evenly in the MCG (left: 258, right: 121), ICG (left: 848, right: 681), and CST (up to 770). Some neurons grouped in a single bulge just rostral to the MCG, which we termed as the “premiddle cervical ganglion” (pMCG). The left pMCG (120) is larger and has more neurons than the right pMCG (82). Centrally, neurons were labeled in lamina IX of cervical segments (C1: 18%, C2: 46%, C3: 33%, C4: 3%), intermediate zone of thoracic segments (T1: 31%, T2: 35%, T3: 27%, T4: 7%), and intermediate reticular nuclei (96%) and perifacial zone (4%) of brainstem. The rostral and caudal SCG injection selectively labeled neurons mainly in brainstem, C1‐C2 and in T1‐T2, respectively. Before projecting to their peripheral targets, many neurons in pMCG, MCG and ICG run rostrally within the CST rather than segmentally through the closest rami, from the level of SCG or above. Neurons in pMCG and MCG may have similar or complementary function and those in brainstem may be involved in the vestibulo‐autonomic interaction. Anat Rec, 301:1906–1916, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde on Iron‐Oxide Modified Pt/MoO3−y Catalysts
Authors: Shu Yijin , Chen Ting , Chan Hang Cheong , Xie Lifang , Gao Qingsheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to unsaturated alcohols suffers a huge challenge in chemoselectivity. Herein, surface decoration by FeOx is introduced to remarkably improve the selectivity of cinnamyl alcohol (COL) in cinnamaldehyde (CAL) hydrogenation on Pt/MoO3−y. The enhanced acidity on Pt–FeOx interfaces is beneficial for the chemisorption and activation of C=O bonds, promoting selective hydrogenation. The optimal catalysts with defined FeOx decoration afford efficient and chemoselective CAL hydrogenation (91.3 % selectivity) under mild conditions (PH2=1 MPa, T=30 °C). Moreover, such innovation is further extended to develop other efficient metal (Ir, Rh and Pd) catalysts, identifying a universal promotion to Pt‐group metals. This work is anticipated to inspire the rational design of high‐performance catalysts via effective surface/interface engineering.
Suitability of Blended Ionic Liquid‐Dimethylsulfoxide Electrolyte for Lithium‐Oxygen Battery
Authors: Knipping Etienne , Aucher Christophe , Guirado Gonzalo , Aubouy Laurent 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElectrolytes composed of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI TFSI) and LiClO4 are characterized for application in lithium‐oxygen batteries. The increase of EMI TFSI content in the electrolyte enables to improve its thermal stability and to decrease the overpotential of the cell. The optimum addition of EMI TFSI enables to reduce the overpotential from 1.43 V to 1.06 V, with a cyclability of 69 cycles with 600 mAh g−1 of limited capacity.
Score blending: How scale response grouping biases perceived standing
Authors: Hauser Ryan , Schwarz Norbert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNumerical values—from test scores to credit scores—inform us of our relative standing and can shape our decisions. The values are usually presented in a continuous format (which places scores on a single line) or a grouped format (which separates scores into several score groups). We investigate whether and how the presentation format affects one's perception of their standing in a distribution and subsequent decision making. We show that when values are grouped, individuals merge the values within each group, a phenomenon we term score blending, which leads to an underweighting of intragroup score shifts and an overweighting of intergroup score shifts. Across six studies (N = 2,108) and a variety of paradigms (e.g., test taking and financial decision making), we observe robust effects of score blending, even when score groups are explicitly described as meaningless and generated randomly. The effect persists when the score is merely recalled without the scale present and can bias key decision parameters with behavioral consequences.
‘That's how it works here’: The place of religion in publicly managed second‐level schools in Ireland
Authors: McCormack O. , O'Flaherty J. , O'Reilly B. , Liston J. 
Published: October 2018

This article problematises the place of religion within publicly managed Education and Training Board (ETB) schools in the Republic of Ireland. The study draws on interview data from 43 school personnel across 18 ETB second‐level schools, as well as eight interviews with ETB Education/Chief Executive Officers. Having established the legal and historical contexts, the place of religion is explored from the perspective of school life and prescribed curriculum. Across the 18 schools, the prescribed curriculum for Religious Education did not take the form of ‘faith formation’. Rather, focus was placed on exploring all world religions. However, this compares with the role of religion within the life of the school; 14 of the 18 participating schools had religious dimensions as part of school life. Half of these schools (n = 7) were Designated Community Colleges, while the remainder were Non‐Designated (n = 7). The religious dimension was always Catholic in nature. Bar a few exceptions, the role of religion within the life of the school remained largely unquestioned by school personnel. The article explores the findings in light of the legislative and historical contexts.
Risk assessment and juvenile resentencing: A critical analysis
Authors: Arnold Shelby , Flack Dan , Heilbrun Kirk 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent United States Supreme Court decisions in Miller v. Alabama (2012) and Montgomery v. Louisiana (2016) have created the need to resentence individuals who received a sentence of mandatory life without parole (LWOP) for offenses committed when they were younger than 18 years old. Neither of these decisions explicitly cite reoffense risk as a sentencing criterion, but a careful reading of the reasoning in these cases suggests that such a risk should be among the considerations addressed by resentencing courts. If so, important theoretical and scientific questions are raised about the nature of risk assessment tools, in particular the distinction between static and dynamic risk factors. Additionally, the novelty of LWOP resentencing raises further questions about the applicability of these tools to individuals who have been incarcerated for long periods of time. We address these questions, call for additional research on dynamic risk factors, and offer recommendations for professionals involved in these types of assessments.
Highly complicated lead extraction procedure in patient with previous early orthotopic heart transplantation: A first case report
Authors: Schillaci Vincenzo , Mascia Giuseppe , Shopova Gergana , Chiariello Paola , Ciardiello Carmine , Solimene Francesco 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe report a first case of a highly complicated lead extraction in a young man who previously underwent orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT).Lead extraction in transplanted patients may be a feasible and safe procedure in order to maintain a low infective risk and to preserve alternative vascular access sites.
Photoassisted CO2 Conversion to Fuels
Authors: Remiro‐Buenamañana Sonia , García Hermenegildo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the context of the on‐going change from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, there is much interest in decreasing atmospheric CO2 emissions. One of the possibilities is to use CO2 as feedstock of fuels and chemicals. While some catalytic CO2 transformations are well known processes, they consume a considerable amount of energy to occur at significant rates and in the classical processes this energy is again produced by burning fossil fuels. For this reason, there is much current interest in developing light assisted CO2 transformations, including, but not limited to, artificial photosynthesis. Rather than a comprehensive review, the present article describes a range of approaches for CO2 activation based either on the direct CO2 excitation with deep UV light or on the use of solar photocatalysts. Due to the extension of the field, this article is focused on two photocatalyst types, namely, TiO2 containing plasmonic Au nanoparticles and graphene‐semiconductor heterojunctions. It will be emphasized the opportunities that bimetallic plasmonic nanoparticles offer to implement on commercial TiO2 visible light photoresponse and selectivity towards CO2 reduction. It will also be commented that adsorption of Cu2O onto defective graphene increases the photocatalytic activity of the copper semiconductor over one order of magnitude for CO2 photomethanation. The last section includes some comments about possible alternatives to go beyond the current efficiencies in light assisted CO2 conversion with the aim of triggering new research in the area.
Kinetic Influence of Surface Charge Transfer Reactions Preceded by Non‐Electrochemical Processes on the Response in Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Gonzalez Joaquin , Martinez‐Ortiz Francisco , Torralba Encarnacion , Molina Angela 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA general analytical explicit expression for the response of a surface charge transfer preceded by a non‐electrochemical process has been deduced. This solution is applicable to any electrochemical technique independent of the rates of both reactions. Interesting simplified cases are obtained for very common experimental situations in which the rates of electrochemical and non‐electrochemical steps are similar. These expressions have been applied to cyclic voltammetry in order to analyze the kinetic influences on the current‐potential response and to propose procedures for determining the rate and equilibrium constants of the mechanism. Moreover, it has been obtained an “apparent” rate constant of the overall process that reduces to a pure non‐electrochemical rate‐limiting process or to a pure electrochemical rate limiting one, under the right conditions. Experimental verification of the theoretical framework has been done with the analysis of the host‐guest complexation between a surface confined electroactive ferrocene moiety and a solution soluble cyclodextrin in a water‐ethanol media. From the dynamic analysis of the influence of the scan rate on the cyclic voltammetry curves, values have been obtained for the binding constant (
) and rate constants for the inclusion complex formation and dissociation showing the great stability of the electro‐inactive ferrocene‐cyclodextrin complex.
Stannabenzenylpotassium: The First Isolable Tin‐Containing Benzene Derivative
Authors: Fujimori Shiori , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn contrast to the well‐investigated sila‐ and germa‐aromatic compounds, very few aromatic compounds containing tin have been reported. Specifically, no stable example of monomeric stannabenzene, that is, the tin analogue of benzene, the simplest aromatic compound, has been isolated until now. In this work, a tin analogue of the phenyl anion, the stannabenzenyl anion, was successfully isolated by utilizing the same strategy as employed for the germanium system. Stannabenzenylpotassium was characterized by X‐ray crystallography, NMR (1H, 13C, and 119Sn) and UV/Vis spectroscopy, together with theoretical calculations.