bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and Neural Representations of Spatial Directions across Words, Schemas, and Images
Authors: Weisberg Steven M. , Marchette Steven A. , Chatterjee Anjan 
Published: May 2018

Modern spatial navigation requires fluency with multiple representational formats, including visual scenes, signs, and words. These formats convey different information. Visual scenes are rich and specific but contain extraneous details. Arrows, as an example of signs, are schematic representations in which the extraneous details are eliminated, but analog spatial properties are preserved. Words eliminate all spatial information and convey spatial directions in a purely abstract form. How does the human brain compute spatial directions within and across these formats? To investigate this question, we conducted two experiments on men and women: a behavioral study that was preregistered and a neuroimaging study using multivoxel pattern analysis of fMRI data to uncover similarities and differences among representational formats. Participants in the behavioral study viewed spatial directions presented as images, schemas, or words (e.g., “left”), and responded to each trial, indicating whether the spatial direction was the same or different as the one viewed previously. They responded more quickly to schemas and words than images, despite the visual complexity of stimuli being matched. Participants in the fMRI study performed the same task but responded only to occasional catch trials. Spatial directions in images were decodable in the intraparietal sulcus bilaterally but were not in schemas and words. Spatial directions were also decodable between all three formats. These results suggest that intraparietal sulcus plays a role in calculating spatial directions in visual scenes, but this neural circuitry may be bypassed when the spatial directions are presented as schemas or words.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHuman navigators encounter spatial directions in various formats: words (“turn left”), schematic signs (an arrow showing a left turn), and visual scenes (a road turning left). The brain must transform these spatial directions into a plan for action. Here, we investigate similarities and differences between neural representations of these formats. We found that bilateral intraparietal sulci represent spatial directions in visual scenes and across the three formats. We also found that participants respond quickest to schemas, then words, then images, suggesting that spatial directions in abstract formats are easier to interpret than concrete formats. These results support a model of spatial direction interpretation in which spatial directions are either computed for real world action or computed for efficient visual comparison.
Distinguishing the Roles of Dorsolateral and Anterior PFC in Visual Metacognition
Authors: Shekhar Medha , Rahnev Dobromir 
Published: May 2018

Visual metacognition depends on regions within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Two areas in particular have been implicated repeatedly: the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and the anterior PFC (aPFC). However, it is still unclear what the function of each of these areas is and how they differ from each other. To establish the specific roles of DLPFC and aPFC in metacognition, we used online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to interfere causally with their functioning during confidence generation. Human subjects from both sexes performed a perceptual decision making and provided confidence ratings. We found a clear dissociation between the two areas: DLPFC TMS lowered confidence ratings, whereas aPFC TMS increased metacognitive ability, but only for the second half of the experimental blocks. These results support a functional architecture in which DLPFC reads out the strength of the sensory evidence and relays it to aPFC, which makes the confidence judgment by potentially incorporating additional, nonperceptual information. Indeed, simulations from a model that incorporates these putative DLPFC and aPFC functions reproduced our behavioral results. These findings establish DLPFC and aPFC as distinct nodes in a metacognitive network and suggest specific contributions from each of these regions to confidence generation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe prefrontal cortex (PFC) is known to be critical for metacognition. Two of its subregions, the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and the anterior PFC (aPFC), have been specifically implicated in confidence generation. However, it is unclear whether these regions have distinct functions related to the underlying metacognitive computation. Using a causal intervention with transcranial magnetic stimulation, we demonstrate that DLPFC and aPFC have dissociable contributions: targeting DLPFC decreased average confidence ratings, whereas targeting aPFC affected metacognitive scores specifically. Based on these results, we postulated specific functions for DLPFC and aPFC in metacognitive computation and corroborated them using a computational model that reproduced our results. Our causal results reveal the existence of a specialized modular organization in PFC for confidence generation.
Insecticidal activity of the ethanolic extract from Croton species against Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Silva Cléia Gomes Vieira , De Oliveira José Candido Selva , Da Camara Claudio Augusto Gomes 
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de los extractos etanólicos de especies de Croton en la polilla del repollo (Plutella xylostella L.). Croton rhamnifolius H.B.K., Croton jacobinensis Baill., Croton sellowii Baill. y Croton micans Muell. C. rhamnifolius (hojas) tuvieron el efecto más letal con una CL50de 14,95 μg mL-1, seguido por C. rhamnifolius (tallos), C. jacobinensis (tallos), C. jacobinensis (hojas),C. sellowii (hojas) y C. sellowii (tallos) con valores de CL50 de 42,40; 116,21; 183,85; 801,36 y 1252 μg mL-1, respectivamente. Las larvas de Plutella xylostella se alimentaron con discos de col y todos los extractos, excepto C. sellowii (tallos), mostraron una duración larval prolongada. Por otra parte, ninguno de los extractos afectó la duración de la etapa de pupas de P. xylostella.
Fitting lactation curves in a Colombian Holstein herd using nonlinear models
Authors: Duque López Norma Patricia , Casellas Vidal Joaquim , Quijano Bernal Jorge Humberto , Casals Costa Ramon , Martí Such Francesc Xavier 
Published: May 2018

La caracterización estadística de curvas de lactación de vacas lecheras permite predecir la producción total de leche desde uno o varios registros de control-día. Los objetivos fueron caracterizar la producción de leche en un rebaño Holstein colombiano en el trópico y evaluar el desempeño estadístico de seis modelos para ajustar curvas de lactancia en base a los registros control. Los datos incluyeron 425 lactancias completas y 244.876 registros de control-día de 14 años consecutivos. Los registros de producción de leche ajustada a 305 días, duración de la lactación, pico de producción, tiempo hasta el pico de producción y persistencia de la lactación fueron analizados bajo un modelo lineal mixto univariante, y se evaluaron seis modelos no lineales para el ajuste de curvas de lactación en base a su bondad de ajuste de los registros del día de la prueba. Las vacas promediaron 5830 ± 59 kg, 330 ± 3 días, 27,7 ± 0,3 kg, 4,7 ± 0,1 semanas y 63,1 ± 0,6% para leche ajustada a 305 días, duración de lactación, producción al pico, tiempo al pico y persistencia durante 6 meses, respectivamente. La producción a 305 días, la duración de lactación, y la producción al pico aumentaron con el número de partos. El mejor ajuste para cada curva de lactancia se alcanzó con el modelo en dos fases para el ajuste de curvas de lactancia de Grossman y Koops, ideal para fines técnicos y de investigación, mientras que el modelo de Wood sería mejor para uso ganadero.
Composition and removal of nutrients by the harvested fruit of avocado cv. Hass in Antioquia
Authors: Tamayo V Álvaro , Bernal E. Jorge A. , Díaz D. Cipriano A. 
Published: May 2018

En tres zonas productoras de Antioquia (El Retiro, El Peñol y Amagá), se seleccionaron tres huertos de aguacate cv Hass, con el fin de cuantificar la cantidad de nutrientes removidos por el fruto. Se usó un diseño completamente al azar con 12 repeticiones (árboles), para lo cual se colectaron 25 frutos/árbol, de donde se obtuvo el peso fresco y seco de la epidermis, la pulpa, la testa y la semilla. En cada estructura del fruto, se determinó la concentración de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn y B y se calculó la remoción de cada uno de ellos. El tejido con mayor concentración de nutrientes fue la testa. El nutrimento con mayor concentración en los cuatro tejidos fue K seguido de N. La remoción total por el fruto fresco, en kg t-1, para K fue de 4; N 3,3; S 0,56; Mg 0,51; Ca 0,31; 0,48 P y en g t-1 para el Fe fue 0,45; B 0,2; Zn 0,11; Mn 0,01 y Cu 0,03.
Az élelmiszerek rosttartalmának antioxidáns hatása
Authors: Mézes Miklós , Erdélyi Márta 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Antioxidants have some health benefit, but up to now there was less attention paid to the antioxidant properties of dietary fibre. The antioxidant effect of dietary fibre is based on the polyphenol compounds bound to polysaccharide complexes, which are released in the gut and functioning as antioxidants. Another type of antioxidant, calcium fructoborate was also isolated from plant cell wall. It has a marked antioxidant capacity, however, its active component is not a polyphenol, but the boron. There are lots of food plants which have relatively high antioxidant dietary fibre content, thus they support the antioxidant defence of the gastrointestinal tract, and consequently the whole body. The important ones in human nutrition are for instance cereal grains, cabbage, grape pomace, coffee bean or guava. There are different polyphenol compounds in the antioxidant dietary fibres in the plants, therefore their antioxidant capacity varies, but it is approximately equivalent to 50–100 mg DL-α-tocopherol per gram. This antioxidant capacity is considerable, and would be suitable for the prevention of some, oxidative stress-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis or other cardiovascular diseases, and colorectal carcinoma. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(18): 709–712.
Estilo de vida saludable en estudiantes de enfermería del Estado de México
Authors: Morales Matiana , Gómez M. Vicenta , García R. Cleotilde , Chaparro-Díaz Lorena , Carreño-Moreno Sonia 
Published: May 2018

Los estilos de vida de los jóvenes universitarios y la transición a la adultez influyen en los comportamientos y los hábitos de vida haciéndolos más vulnerables. Objetivo: describir el estilo de vida saludable de los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Materiales y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 883 estudiantes de enfermería. Se utilizó el cuestionario Estilo de Vida Saludable y Salud en Estudiantes Universitarios EVISAUN versión 3. El estudio contó con aval académico para su desarrollo. Resultados: el perfil de los participantes fue femenino, edad promedio de 21 años, dependientes económicamente, y algunos con vinculación laboral. Se encontró nivel de actividad física moderado, y estado de salud y calidad de vida bueno y regular. Las medidas antropométricas muestran un índice de masa corporal promedio de 23,8-24,35 (normal) y circunferencia abdominal dentro de los parámetros normales. El patrón de descanso y sueño es malo, el nivel de estrés alto y las prácticas alimentarias son poco saludables. Conclusión: los resultados muestran que hay factores de riesgo en el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería participantes. Esto puede mejorarse si se fortalece la adopción de prácticas saludables progresivas que no impliquen cambios drásticos sino transiciones saludables
Contribución de la investigación a la educación en sexualidad para prevenir el embarazo en adolescentes
Authors: Vanegas de A. Blanca Cecilia , Pabón G. Marcela , Plata de S. Rita Cecilia 
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: analizar las investigaciones publicadas en la literatura entre el 2007 y el 2016 acerca de intervenciones educativas en sexualidad que favorecen la prevención del embarazo en adolescentes. Método: este estudio cualitativo se desarrolló en tres fases: 1) diseño del formato para recolección de datos, 2) búsqueda de información, y 3) análisis y descripción de resultados. Se consultaron reconocidas bases de datos científicas, como Lilacs, Scielo y Medline, entre otras. Se seleccionaron 23 estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: entre los hallazgos sobresalientes, se observa que la mayoría de intervenciones educativas han sido desarrolladas por profesionales de la salud, especialmente en enfermería. Predominan diseños cuasiexperimentales con evaluación pre y posintervención. En cuanto a los temas tratados, se da prioridad a las relaciones sexuales, los riesgos, las consecuencias y las complicaciones del embarazo en la adolescencia; en ocasiones, se incluyen temas que se acercan a una visión integral. La mayoría de autores afirman que, después de su intervención, los participantes mejoraron sus conocimientos; en algunos casos, también sus actitudes y habilidades sobre los temas tratados. Conclusiones: se concluye que el mayor énfasis va dirigido al componente biológico de la sexualidad, lo que sugiere la necesidad de tener una visión más integral, que considere los aspectos psicosociales y culturales, para un efectivo abordaje en la búsqueda de la disminución del embarazo en la adolescencia
Open Charm Measurements at CERN SPS Energies with the New Vertex Detector of the NA61/SHINE Experiment
Authors: Merzlaya A 
Published: May 2018

The heavy-ion programme of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS has been expanded to allow precise measurements of exotic particles with short lifetime. The study of open charm meson production is a sensitive tool for new detailed investigations of the properties of hot and dense matter formed in nucleus-nucleus collisions. In particular, it offers new possibilities for studies of such phenomena as in- medium parton energy loss and quarkonium dissociation and possible regeneration, thus providing new information to probe deconfinement. A new high resolution Vertex Detector was designed for the NA61/SHINE experiment for measurements of the very rare processes of open charm production in nucleus- nucleus collisions at the SPS. It will meet the challenges of track registration and of very precise spatial resolution in primary and secondary vertex reconstruction required for the identification of
FORMAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA DE PÓS-GRADUANDOS PARA DOCÊNCIA: O PROGRAMA DE ESTÁGIO E CAPACITAÇÃO DOCENTE DA UNICAMP
Authors: Pachane Graziela Giusti 
Published: May 2018

O Objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar a análise do Programa de Estágio e Capacitação Docente (PECD-Unicamp), um programa que, segundo seus participantes, obteve resultados positivos no tocante à formação pedagógica oferecida aos que dele tomaram parte.
A Rare Case Od Meckel’s Diverticulum Perforation Caused By a Toothpick Mimicking Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Resanovic Aleksandar , Gojgic Milan , Resanovic Vladimir , Arafeh Mazen 
Published: May 2018

<p><em>Meckel’s diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract and is caused by the failure of omphalomesenteric duct to obliterate during embryonal maturation. Most patients are asymptomatic with only 4-16% presenting complications which include hemorrhage, intestinal obstruction, inflamation and occasionally perforation. A preoperative diagnosis of a complicated Meckel’s diverticulum may be challenging because of the overlapping clinical and imaging features of other acute surgical and inflammatory conditions of the abdomen. A 32-year old male was admitted to the emergency department with a 48-hour history of colicky like pain in the lower part of the abdomen, which was gradually increased and was localised in the lower right quadrant, with no history of fever, nausea or vommiting, no urinary symptoms nor altered bowel habits. Laboratory revealed leukocytosis and elevated CRP, while on physical examination guarding and rebound tenderness were found in the right lower quadrant. Abdominal ultrasound established a distended small bowel with very slow peristalsis in ileocecal region. Complete workup raised suspicion for an acute appendicitis, therefore the patient was operated. Intraoperatively, the perforated Meckel’s diveriticulum was found, caused by a toothpick. Diverticulectomy and appendectomy were done. Postoperative course was uneventful. Regardless of the fact that a variety of diagnostic procedures are at the disposal of surgeons, we feel that the diagnose of a complicated MD remains a challenging task, largely in thanks to the fact that it mimics some other acute abdominal pathology and, often, is misdiagnosed.</em></p>
Development and Evaluation of a Preoperative Risk Calculator for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Tan Timothy L. , Maltenfort Mitchell G. , Chen Antonia F. , Shahi AliSina , Higuera Carlos A. , Siqueira Marcelo , Parvizi Javad 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Preoperative identification of patients at risk for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is important for patient optimization and targeted prevention. The purpose of this study was to create a preoperative PJI risk calculator for assessing a patient’s individual risk of developing (1) any PJI, (2) PJI caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and (3) PJI caused by antibiotic-resistant organisms.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed of 27,717 patients (12,086 TKAs and 31,167 THAs), including 1,035 with confirmed PJI, who were treated at a single institution from 2000 to 2014. A total of 42 risk factors, including patient characteristics and surgical variables, were evaluated with a multivariate analysis in which coefficients were scaled to produce integer scores. External validation was performed with use of data on 29,252 patients who had undergone total joint arthroplasty (TJA) at an independent institution.

Results:
Of the 42 risk factors studied, 25 were found not to be significant risk factors for PJI. The most influential of the remaining 17 included a previous open surgical procedure, drug abuse, a revision procedure, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The areas under the curves were 0.83 and 0.84 for any PJI, 0.86 and 0.83 for antibiotic-resistant PJI, and 0.86 and 0.73 for S. aureus PJI in the internal and external validation models, respectively. The rates of PJI were 0.56% and 0.61% in the lowest decile of risk scores and 15.85% and 20.63% in the highest decile.

Conclusions:
In this large-cohort study, we were able to identify and validate risk factors and their relative weights for predicting PJI. Factors such as prior surgical procedures and high-risk comorbidities should be considered when determining whether TJA is indicated and when counseling patients.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Modified Scarf Osteotomy with Medial Capsule Interposition for Hallux Valgus in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kushioka Junichi , Hirao Makoto , Tsuboi Hideki , Ebina Kosuke , Noguchi Takaaki , Nampei Akihide , Tsuji Shigeyoshi , Akita Shosuke , Hashimoto Jun , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint has been recommended for severe hallux valgus deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, with the progress of medical treatment of RA, joint preservation surgery has recently been performed. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of modified Scarf osteotomy with medial capsule interposition for RA cases including severe destruction of the first MTP joint and to evaluate risk factors for recurrence.

Methods:
A retrospective observational study of 76 cases (60 patients) followed for a mean of 35.3 months (range, 24 to 56 months) after a modified Scarf osteotomy was performed. Scores on the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) RA foot and ankle scale, the JSSF hallux scale, and a self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire (SAFE-Q) were determined along with preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters.

Results:
There was a significant improvement, from preoperatively to final follow-up, in the mean JSSF RA foot and ankle score (from 52.2 to 76.9 points) and the mean JSSF hallux score (from 38.2 to 74.5 points). There was a recurrence (hallux valgus angle [HVA] of >20°) in 12 feet (16%). The preoperative DAS28-CRP score (disease activity score [based on 28 joints in the body]-C-reactive protein score) and intermetatarsal angles between the first and second metatarsals (M1M2A) and between the first and fifth metatarsals (M1M5A) were significantly greater in the recurrence group, as were the HVA, M1M2A, M1M5A, and Hardy grade at 3 months after surgery. There was a significant negative correlation between the preoperative DAS28-CRP score and the JSSF RA foot and ankle score at final follow-up (β = −0.39, p = 0.02) and a significant positive correlation between the preoperative DAS28-CRP score and the HVA at final follow-up (β = 0.44, p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
The modified Scarf osteotomy with medial capsule interposition for hallux valgus deformity improved clinical and radiographic outcomes in RA cases with severe destruction of the first MTP joint. Increased preoperative M1M2A and M1M5A; incomplete reduction of the sesamoid bone; and the HVA, M1M2A, and M1M5A at 3 months after surgery should be evaluated as they are associated with recurrence of the deformity. The preoperative DAS28-CRP score was associated with the clinical and radiographic outcomes after surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Patency Test of Vascular Anastomosis with Assistance of High-Speed Video Recording in Digit Replantation
Authors: Zhu Hongyi , Zhu Xiaozhong , Zhang Changqing , Zheng Xianyou 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Quality assessment of vascular anastomosis primarily depends on the experience of the treating surgeon. This highlights the need for an objective index. The main goal of our study was to establish a method of assessing the quality of vascular anastomosis in digit replantation.

Methods:
A total of 182 digits from 141 patients were included in this study. The patients underwent replantation of completely amputated digits between June 1, 2015, and February 1, 2017. Patency tests of arterial and venous anastomoses were conducted for each replantation and recorded on digital video at 1,000 frames per second. We divided the study into 2 phases. In phase I (103 digits from 80 patients), we investigated whether the refilling velocity ratio (RVR) was associated with replantation failure. In phase II (79 digits from 61 patients), we adopted the RVR as a guiding parameter during surgery and compared the replantation success rate with that of the historical control of phase I.

Results:
In phase I, ischemia time (>12 hours), arterial RVR (<0.4), and venous RVR sum (<1.0) were significantly associated with the rate of replantation failure in 82 cases with single arterial anastomosis. In phase II, we set the arterial RVR goal to 0.4 and venous RVR sum goal to 1.0. Under the guidance of the RVR test, the survival rate significantly increased compared with that of the historical control of phase I (96% versus 87%; p = 0.037).

Conclusions:
The patency test, with assistance of high-speed video recording, is a useful tool that can improve the success rate of digit replantation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.