bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Perlite Beads for the Decontamination of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk
Authors: Foroughi Marjan , Sarabi Jamab Mahboobe , Keramat Javad , Foroughi Mahsa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination presents one of the most serious concerns in milk safety. In this study, the immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to detoxify AFM1‐contaminated milk. The yeasts were immobilized on perlite for 24 and 48 hr, and the best immobilization time was achieved at 48 hr. Microscopic examination confirmed successful immobilization. The milk samples with 0.08, 0.13, 0.18, and 0.23 ppb AFM1 contamination were passed through the biofilter for 20, 40, and 80 min. The results showed a significant reduction in AFM1 concentration for all the milk samples with various initial AFM1 contents. The contaminated milk with 0.08 ppb AFM1 was completely cleared after 40 min of circulation while for the milk solution with 0.23 ppb, the highest AFM1 reduction was obtained at about 81.3% after 80 min circulation. In addition, the biofilter was saturated after the third step of milk circulation, containing 0.23 ppb AF, in which each step duration was 20 min. This study showed the excellent capability of the immobilized cells on the perlite beads to detoxify the AFM1‐contaminated milk without any side effects on its physicochemical properties.Practical ApplicationThe immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells on perlite beads can be used to detoxify AFM1‐contaminated milk. The perlite can provide a perfect support for immobilization. With respect to qualitative properties, 20 min, was suggested as the optimum time for milk decontamination. This study indicated that the detoxification of contaminated milk using immobilized S. cerevisiae cells on the perlite support did not affect the different properties of detoxified milk. This method can lead to a practical solution to address aflatoxin contamination in dairy products considered high‐risk foods.
Surface Modification Mechanism of Cross‐Linking and Acetylation, and Their Influence on Characteristics of High Amylose Corn Starch
Authors: Tang Hongbo , Qu Yefang , Li Yanping , Dong Siqing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThrough dual modification of high amylose corn starch (HACS), the surface modification mechanism of cross‐linking and acetylation was mainly studied, and their effect on the physicochemical properties of HACS was further investigated. The variation in surface hydroxyl numbers showed that the influence of acetylation on the structure of particles was obviously different from cross‐linking. Cross‐linking was carried out only on the granule surface, whereas acetylation was finished not only on the surface but also in the interior of grains. Cross‐linking could unevenly produce many micropores on the particle surface. The destruction level of HACS granules caused by acetylation was greater than that of cross‐linking according to XRD. The surface hydroxyl groups were not distributed evenly on HACS particles. Cross‐linking did not improve the freeze‐thaw stability of HACS, but acetylation could improve its freeze‐thaw stability. The variation in the blue value caused by cross‐linking was more than by acetylation.Practical ApplicationThe surface modification mechanism of cross‐linking and acetylation will provide the theoretical basis for industrial production of cross‐linked starch, acetylated starch, and cross‐linked acetylated starch. For the surface modification, the cross‐linking degree was better evaluated by the surface hydroxyl group numbers than the conventional sedimentation volume method. The development of cross‐linked acetylated high amylose corn starch as a new additive will further enlarge the application of high amylose corn starch in food, textile, medicine, and so on.
Identification and Quantification of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity, and Bile Acid‐Binding Capacity of Garnet Stem Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
Authors: Gomez Maricella K. , Singh Jashbir , Acharya Pratibha , Jayaprakasha G. K. , Patil Bhimanagouda S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDandelion (Taraxacum officinale) var. Garnet Stem was harvested from Texas and New Jersey for identification, quantification of phytochemicals, measurement of free radical scavenging activity, and bile acid binding capacity. The red midrib and petioles were extracted with methanol or ethanol and with or without water in combination with four different acids such as formic, hydrochloric, acetic, and citric acid. LC‐ESI‐HR‐QTOF‐MS was used to identify four anthocyanins including cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3‐(6‐malonyl)‐glucoside (A‐1), cyanidin‐3‐(6‐malonyl)‐glucoside (A‐2), and peonidin‐3‐(malonyl)‐glucoside for the 1st time. In New Jersey samples, vitamin C and β‐carotene were highest in the leaf blades versus whole leaf and petioles. Samples from Texas had highest amount of lutein, violaxanthin, and chlorophyll a and b in leaf blades versus whole leaf and petioles. Maximum DPPH free scavenging activity was found in MeOH: water: acid (80:19:1) and the combination of FA with EtOH: water: acid (80:19:1) demonstrated the higher level of total phenolic. Among six bile acids, sodium chenodeoxycholate was bound maximum in both Texas and New Jersey samples. This is the first report of anthocyanin identification from the midvein and petiole of Garnet Stem dandelion and results suggested that the phytochemicals and nutrients are highest in the leaf but may vary the amount depending on harvest location.Practical ApplicationFour anthocyanins in the red midrib and petioles of Garnet Stem could be a potential source for antioxidants and can be used as a source of natural food color.
Progress on the Antimicrobial Activity Research of Clove Oil and Eugenol in the Food Antisepsis Field
Authors: Hu Qiao , Zhou Meifang , wei Shuyong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs potential and valuable antiseptics in the food industry, clove oil and its main effective composition eugenol show beneficial advantages on antibacterial and antifungal activity, aromaticity, and safety. Researches find that both clove oil and eugenol express significantly inhibitory effects on numerous kinds of food source microorganisms, and the mechanisms are associated with reducing the migratory and adhesion and inhibiting the synthesis of biofilm and various virulence factors of these microorganisms. Clove oil and eugenol are generally regarded as safe in vivo experiments. However, they may express certain cytotoxicity on fibroblasts and other cells in vitro. Studies on the quality and additive standard of clove oil and eugenol should be strengthened to promote the antiseptic effects of them in the food antiseptic field.
Effect of Emulsification Method and Particle Size on the Rate of in vivo Oral Bioavailability of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Seed Oil
Authors: Cheong Ai Mun , Tan Chin Ping , Nyam Kar Lin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractKenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions stabilized by complexation of beta‐cyclodextrin with sodium caseinate and Tween 20 have been shown to have higher bioaccessibility of vitamin E and total phenolic content than nonemulsified kenaf seed oil in the previous in vitro gastrointestinal digestion study. However, its oral bioavailability was unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of in vivo oral bioavailability of kenaf seed oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions in comparison with nonemulsified kenaf seed oil and kenaf seed oil macroemulsions during the 180 min of gastrointestinal digestion. Kenaf seed oil macroemulsions were produced by using conventional method. Kenaf seed oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions had shown improvement in the rate of absorption. At 180 min of digestion time, the total α‐tocopherol bioavailability of kenaf seed oil nanoemulsions was increased by 1.7‐ and 1.4‐fold, compared to kenaf seed oil and macroemulsion, respectively. Kenaf seed oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions were stable in considerably wide range of pH (>5 and <3), suggesting that it can be fortified into beverages within this pH rangePractical ApplicationThe production of kenaf seed oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions had provided a delivery system to encapsulate the kenaf seed oil, as well as enhanced the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of kenaf seed oil. Therefore, kenaf seed oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions exhibit a great potential application in nutraceutical fields.
Towards robust and repeatable sampling methods in eDNA‐based studies
Authors: Dickie Ian A. , Boyer Stephane , Buckley Hannah L. , Duncan Richard P. , Gardner Paul P. , Hogg Ian D. , Holdaway Robert J. , Lear Gavin , Makiola Andreas , Morales Sergio E. , Powell Jeff R. , Weaver Louise 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDNA‐based techniques are increasingly used for measuring the biodiversity (species presence, identity, abundance and community composition) of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. While there are numerous reviews of molecular methods and bioinformatic steps, there has been little consideration of the methods used to collect samples upon which these later steps are based. This represents a critical knowledge gap, as methodologically sound field sampling is the foundation for subsequent analyses. We reviewed field sampling methods used for metabarcoding studies of both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystem biodiversity over a nearly three‐year period (n = 75). We found that 95% (n = 71) of these studies used subjective sampling methods and inappropriate field methods and/or failed to provide critical methodological information. It would be possible for researchers to replicate only 5% of the metabarcoding studies in our sample, a poorer level of reproducibility than for ecological studies in general. Our findings suggest greater attention to field sampling methods, and reporting is necessary in eDNA‐based studies of biodiversity to ensure robust outcomes and future reproducibility. Methods must be fully and accurately reported, and protocols developed that minimize subjectivity. Standardization of sampling protocols would be one way to help to improve reproducibility and have additional benefits in allowing compilation and comparison of data from across studies.
Risk factors for cardiopulmonary resuscitation‐related injuries sustained during out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests
Authors: Setälä P. , Hellevuo H. , Huhtala H. , Kämäräinen A. , Tirkkonen J. , Hoppu S. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundWe aimed to determine the incidence of and associated risk factors for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)‐related injuries in non‐survivors of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) in an emergency medical service (EMS) system in which all CPR procedures are performed on scene and patients are not routinely transported to the hospital with ongoing CPR.Material and methodsWe conducted this prospective observational study between 1 June 2013, and 31 May 2014. Data were collected from EMS datasheets and forensic autopsy records. The exclusion criteria were OHCAs due to trauma in the thoracic or abdominal area. EMS adhered to the European Resuscitation Council Resuscitation Guidelines (2010) during the resuscitation attempts.ResultsEmergency medical service provided CPR in 280 attended OHCAs with 207 cases terminated on scene. A total of 149 patients underwent a forensic autopsy and 47% had a CPR‐related injury. The most common injuries were multiple rib fractures (43%), with 22% of patients having more than eight fractured ribs. Abdominal visceral injuries or injuries related to airway management were rare. The injuries were associated with older age, male gender, initial shockable rhythm and public location of the cardiac arrest (P < .05 respectively). In the multivariable regression analysis, older age, male gender, and public location were independent predictors for injuries. There were no differences in the durations of the CPR attempt between the injured and non‐injured groups.ConclusionOlder age, male gender, and public location were independently associated with CPR‐related injuries. The duration of the resuscitation attempts did not affect the incident of injuries.
Implementation of an Opioid Detoxification Management Pathway Reduces Emergency Department Length of Stay
Authors: Bellew Shawna D. , Collins Sean P. , Barrett Tyler W. , Russ Stephan E. , Jones Ian D. , Slovis Corey M. , Self Wesley H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesWith the rise of opioid use in the United States, the increasing demand for treatment for opioid use disorders presents both a challenge and an opportunity to develop new care pathways for emergency department (ED) patients seeking opioid detoxification. We set out to improve the care of patients presenting to our ED seeking opioid detoxification by implementing a standardized management pathway and to measure the effects of this intervention.MethodsWe conducted a before–after study of the effects of an opioid detoxification management pathway on ED length of stay (EDLOS), use of resources (social worker consultation, laboratory tests obtained), and return visits to the same ED within 30 days of discharge. All data were collected retrospectively by review of the electronic health record.ResultsUltimately, 107 patients presented to the ED that met criteria, 52 in the intervention period and 55 in the preintervention period. Median EDLOS in the intervention period was 152 (interquartile range [IQR] = 93–237) minutes compared to 312 (IQR = 187–468) minutes in the preintervention period (p < 0.001). Patients in the intervention period less frequently had a social work consultation (32.7% vs. 83.6%, p < 0.001) or had laboratory tests obtained (32.7% vs 74.5%, p < 0.001) and more frequently were prescribed a medication for withdrawal symptoms (57.7% vs. 29.1%, p = 0.003).ConclusionsImplementation of an opioid detoxification management pathway reduced EDLOS, reduced utilization of resources, and increased the proportion of patients prescribed medications for symptom relief.
Outcome of extremely preterm infants after iatrogenic or spontaneous birth
Authors: Fritz Tomas , Källén Karin , Maršál Karel , Jacobsson Bo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe risks of preterm birth are known. We investigated the perinatal and infant mortality and morbidity after iatrogenic or spontaneous onset of extremely preterm birth.Material and methodsThe present study used data from the population‐based EXPRESS study comprising all infants delivered before 27+0 gestational weeks in Sweden between 2004 and 2007. All fetuses alive at admission and with known mode of onset of delivery were included (682 live‐born infants; 65 intrapartum deaths). Four multivariate regression models were applied with adjustments for gestational age, fetal gender, multiple pregnancy, and birthweight.ResultsAfter adjustment for gestational age, no significant differences were found between iatrogenic and spontaneous onsets of birth regarding intrapartum death, early neonatal death (0‐6 d), or death within 364 days. In the group with iatrogenic onset of delivery, there was an increased risk for severe morbidity (odds ratio [OR] 1.86, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.15‐3.02), severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.10‐3.26), and retinopathy of prematurity (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.21‐3.27) after adjustment for gestational age, fetal gender, and multiple pregnancy. After additional adjustment for weight z‐scores at 36 gestational weeks, the associations were not significant. Within the group with spontaneous onset of delivery, fetuses with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes had increased mortality risk.ConclusionsNo evidence was found for mode of onset of delivery (iatrogenic vs spontaneous) having an impact on neonatal or infant mortality or morbidity in extremely preterm infants. Instead, gestational age and growth deviation at birth seem to be associated with the outcome.
Cutaneous pH landscape as a facilitator of melanoma initiation and progression
Authors: Koch A. , Schwab A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMelanoma incidence is on the rise and currently causes the majority of skin cancer‐related deaths. Yet, therapies for metastatic melanoma are still insufficient so that new concepts are essential. Malignant transformation of melanocytes and melanoma progression are intimately linked to the cutaneous pH landscape and its dysregulation in tumour lesions. The pH landscape of normal skin is characterized by a large pH gradient of up to 3 pH units between surface and dermis. The Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 is one of the major contributors of acidity in superficial skin layers. It is also activated by the most frequent mutation in melanoma, BRAFV600E, thereby causing pH dysregulation during melanoma initiation. Melanoma progression is supported by an extracellular acidification and/or NHE1 activity which promote the escape of single melanoma cells from the primary tumour, migration and metastatic spreading. We propose that viewing melanoma against the background of the acid‐base physiology of the skin provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and allows the development of novel therapeutic concepts.
The interplay among stress, frustration tolerance, mindfulness, and social support in Internet gaming disorder symptoms among Chinese working adults
Authors: Yu Shu , Mao Sijie , Wu Anise M.S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionInternet gaming disorder (IGD) is a growing mental health threat across age groups, but existing literature regarding IGD mainly focuses on student populations. Empirical investigation of the risk and protective factors in adult populations is warranted. This study aimed to fill the research gap by examining whether stress and 3 positive psychology factors (ie, frustration tolerance, mindfulness, and social support) are associated with IGD symptoms in working adults. It was also the first attempt to test the buffering effects of these positive psychology factors on the relationship between stress and IGD vulnerability.MethodThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in Shenzhen, China. We recruited 327 full‐time working Chinese adults (mean age = 31.93 years), who had online gaming experience and voluntarily completed an anonymous questionnaire with DSM‐5 criteria to measure their IGD symptoms.ResultsInternet gaming disorder symptoms were positively correlated with stress and negatively correlated with the 3 positive psychology factors, among which mindfulness emerged as the most salient protective factor. Moreover, mindfulness, but not frustration tolerance and social support, was found to significantly alleviate the relationship between stress and IGD.DiscussionOur findings provide supportive evidence for the protective and moderating roles of positive psychology variables against IGD among Chinese working adults. Workplace‐based prevention programs may take the identified factors into account to help promote individuals' personal resources to mitigate development of IGD.
Exploring perceptions of mental health clients and professionals about Buddhism‐based therapies at mental health hospitals in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Huong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWith 80% of Vietnamese people holding key Buddhist beliefs, Buddhism has great impact on the thoughts, emotions, and behavior of Vietnamese people. However, almost no Buddhism‐based psychosocial interventions are offered at formal psychiatric hospitals across Vietnam, nor is there any plan to incorporate these interventions into mental health care. This exploratory study examines the perceptions of mental health clients and staff regarding the effectiveness of Buddhism‐based therapies (BBTs) in mental health treatment in Vietnam, using ethnographic observation and in‐depth interviews with 24 patients and eight professionals at the only psychiatric hospital employing BBT. Participants strongly believed in the positive impact of BBT to help clients manage or improve their symptoms. However, clients and staff advised that BBT should not be used alone; rather it should be used in combination with medication and was best employed for stress‐related disorders. They unanimously supported incorporating BBT into the formal mental health system, especially if the therapies were well developed through collaboration between Buddhist monastics and mental health professionals. Results of the paper suggest that Vietnam should think strategically about developing and incorporating BBT into the formal mental health care system.
Firm Characteristics, Shareholder Sophistication and the Incidence of a ‘First Strike’ Under the ‘Two Strikes’ Rule in Australia
Authors: Faghani Mahdi , Gyapong Ernest 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo restrain ‘excessive’ executive pay, Australia introduced new legislation in 2011, commonly known as the ‘two strikes’ rule. This rule has predictable consequences for publicly listed firms and their directors. In this study, we investigate which firm characteristics are associated with the incidence of a ‘first strike’ under the two strikes rule. We find that the incidence of a first strike is positively associated with higher levels of CEO pay, lower ownership concentration, smaller firm size, higher level of institutional ownership and CEO duality. Additional analysis suggests that shareholders fail to differentiate between CEO pay, which is related to the economic characteristics of a firm, and the pay that is not related to firm characteristics. This finding suggests that, unlike US shareholders, Australian shareholders do not appear to have a sophisticated understanding of CEO pay structure.
Renal function changes after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with renal calculi with a solitary kidney compared to bilateral kidneys
Authors: Shi Xiaolei , Peng Yonghan , Li Ling , Li Xiao , Wang Qi , Zhang Wei , Dong Hao , Shen Rong , Lu Chaoyue , Liu Min , Gao Xiaofeng , Sun Yinghao 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate renal function changes and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients with renal calculi with a solitary kidney (SK) or normal bilateral kidneys (BKs).Patients and MethodsBetween 2012 and 2016, 859 patients undergoing PCNL were retrospectively reviewed at Changhai Hospital. In all, 53 patients with a SK were paired with 53 patients with normal BKs via a propensity score‐matched analysis. Data for the following variables were collected: age, sex, body mass index, stone size, distribution, operation time, perioperative outcomes, and complications. The complications were graded according to the modified Clavien–Dindo system. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate risk factors for predicting AKI.ResultsThe SK and BKs groups were comparable in terms of age, sex ratio, stone size, stone location distribution, comorbidities, and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification. The initial and final stone‐free rates were comparable between the SK and BKs groups (initial: 52.83% vs 58.49%, P = 0.696; final: 84.91% vs 92.45%, P = 0.359). There was no difference between the two groups for complications, according to the Clavien–Dindo grades. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased dramatically after the stone burden was immediately relieved, and during the 6‐month follow‐up eGFR was lower in the SK group compared with the BKs group. We found a modest improvement in renal function immediately after PCNL in the BKs group, and renal function gain was delayed in the SK group. Through logistic regression analysis, we discovered that a SK, preoperative creatinine and diabetes were independent risk factors for predicting AKI after PCNL.ConclusionConsidering the overall complication rates, PCNL is generally a safe procedure for treating renal calculi amongst patients with a SK or normal BKs. Follow‐up renal function analysis showed a modest improvement in patients of both groups. Compared to patients with normal BKs, patients with a SK were more likely to develop AKI after PCNL.