bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the particle size of pear pomace on the quality of enriched layer and sponge cakes
Authors: Rocha‐Parra Andrés F. , Belorio Mayara , Ribotta Pablo D. , Ferrero Cristina , Gómez Manuel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPear pomace (PP) is a by‐product of the fruit industry with a high content of fibre. Its potential as an ingredient at 15% or 30% level for sponge and layer cakes was investigated. Three PP powders with different particle sizes (fine, medium and coarse) were obtained. Batter microstructure, density and viscosity and cake specific volume, texture and colour were evaluated. When PP was added, less uniformity in bubble distribution was observed in batters, particularly at higher particle sizes. Cake specific volume significantly diminished with increasing amounts of PP. For sponge cakes, the decrease in specific volume was the highest for the finest particle size of PP. In general, increasing PP addition increased hardness and reduced elasticity, cohesiveness and resilience but the effect depended on the particle size. In general, better textural attributes were obtained with medium and coarse particle sizes. These results indicate that PP of an adequate particle size could be a promising fibre source for different cake formulations.
Home Time as a Patient‐Centered Outcome in Administrative Claims Data
Authors: Lee Hemin , Shi Sandra M. , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDHome time, the number of days alive and spent out of hospital and skilled nursing facility, has been proposed as a patient‐centered outcome that can be readily calculated in administrative claims data.OBJECTIVESTo compare home time against existing patient‐centered outcome measures.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGCommunity.PARTICIPANTSA total of 4594 Medicare beneficiaries 65 years or older with complete survey and claims data in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey 2010 to 2011.MEASUREMENTSHome time was calculated from the 2011 claims data (range, 0‐365 days). The 1‐year incidence of patient‐centered outcomes (poor self‐rated health, mobility impairment, depression, limited social activity, and difficulty in self‐care) was measured. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was derived by contrasting the mean home time between those who experienced functional decline or death and those who did not.RESULTSThe mean home time was 355.8 days (SD, 42.1 days); 84.1% had a home time of 365 days, and 5.7% had a home time of 336 days or fewer. The incidence of poor self‐rated health ranged from 2% (home time, 365 days) to 21% (home time, less than 337 days). Similarly, the corresponding incidence risks were 11% to 59% for mobility impairment, 5% to 19% for depression, 17% to 67% for limited social activity, and 13% to 68% for difficulty in self‐care. The risk of mobility impairment, depression, and difficulty in self‐care increased steeply after home time loss of 15 days or greater. The MCID of home time was 18.6 days.CONCLUSIONA loss in home time is associated with decline in several patient‐centered outcome measures in community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries. These results provide empirical evidence to promote adoption of home time and its clinical interpretation for database studies of medical interventions. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:347–351, 2019.
Comparing Vitamin D Supplementation Versus Placebo for Urgency Urinary Incontinence: A Pilot Study
Authors: Markland Alayne D. , Tangpricha Vin , Mark Beasley T. , Vaughan Camille P. , Richter Holly E. , Burgio Kathryn L. , Goode Patricia S. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo estimate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation to reduce urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) episodes.DesignPilot, two‐arm, randomized trial conducted from 2013 to 2017. Interventions were 12 weeks of weekly oral 50,000 IU vitamin D3 or placebo.SettingAcademic, university‐based outpatient clinic.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling postmenopausal women, 50 years or older, with at least three UUI episodes on 7‐day bladder diary and serum vitamin 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) of 30 ng/mL or less.MeasurementsThe primary efficacy estimate was the percentage change in UUI episodes. Secondary estimates included changes in other lower urinary tract symptoms, along with exploratory subgroup analysis by race/ethnicity and obesity.ResultsWe randomized 56 women (aged 50‐84 years; mean = 60.5 ± 8.2 years), 28 to vitamin D and 28 to placebo; 51 completed treatments. Mean serum 25(OH)D at baseline (21.2 ± 5.2 and 18.2 ± 5.6, P = .30) improved to 57.9 ± 16.3 ng/mL with vitamin D3 and 21.9 ± 8.2 ng/mL with placebo (P < .001). UUI episodes per 24‐hour day decreased by 43.0% with vitamin D3 compared to 27.6% with placebo (P = .22). Among black women (n = 33), UUI episodes decreased by 63.2% with vitamin D3 compared to 22.9% with placebo (P = .03). Among obese women, UUI episodes decreased by 54.1% with vitamin D compared to 32.7% with placebo (P = .29). For all women, changes in voiding frequency (P = .40), nocturia (P = .40), urgency (P = .90), incontinence severity (P = .81), and overactive bladder symptom severity (P = .47) were not different between arms.ConclusionsPostmenopausal women with UUI and vitamin D insufficiency demonstrated a greater than 40% decrease in UUI episodes, which did not reach statistical significance compared to placebo, except in the subset of black women. The results of this pilot study support further investigation of vitamin D3 alone or in combination with other treatments for UUI, particularly for women in higher‐risk subgroups. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:570–575, 2019.
Functional diversifications of GhERF1 duplicate genes after the formation of allotetraploid cotton
Authors: Liu Chunxiao , Zhang Tian Zhen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhole genome duplication, a prevalent force of evolution in plants, results in massive genome restructuring in different organisms. Roles of the resultant duplicated genes are poorly understood, both functionally and evolutionarily. In the present study, differentially expressed ethylene responsive factors (GhERF1s), anchored on Chr‐A07 and Chr‐D07, were isolated from a high‐yielding cotton hybrid (XZM2) and its parents. The GhERF1 was located in the B3 subgroup of the ethylene responsive factors subfamily involved in conferring tolerance to abiotic stress. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 524 diverse accessions, together with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis, elucidated that de‐functionalization of GhERF1‐7A occurred due to one base insertion following formation of the allotetraploid cotton. Our quantitative trait loci and association mapping analyses highlighted a role for GhERF1‐7A in conferring high boll number per plant in modern cotton cultivars. Overexpression of GhERF1‐7A in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in a substantial increase in the number of siliques and total seed yield. Neo‐functionalization of GhERF1‐7A was also observed in modern cultivars rather than in races and/or landraces, further supporting its role in the development of high‐yielding cotton cultivars. Both de‐ and neo‐functionalization occurred in one of the duplicate genes, thus providing new genomic insight into the evolution of allotetraploid cotton species.
Keratan sulfate (KS)‐proteoglycans and neuronal regulation in health and disease: the importance ofKS‐glycodynamics and interactive capability with neuroregulatory ligands
Authors: Melrose James 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCompared to the other classes of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), that is, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, heparin/heparan sulfate and hyaluronan, keratan sulfate (KS), have the least known of its interactive properties. In the human body, the cornea and the brain are the two most abundant tissue sources ofKS. EmbryonicKSis synthesized as a linear poly‐N‐acetyllactosamine chain ofd‐galactose‐GlcNAc repeat disaccharides which become progressively sulfated with development, sulfation of GlcNAc is more predominant than galactose.KScontains multi‐sulfated high‐charge density, monosulfated and non‐sulfated poly‐N‐acetyllactosamine regions and thus is a heterogeneous molecule in terms of chain length and charge distribution. A recent proteomics study on cornealKSdemonstrated its interactivity with members of the Slit‐Robbo and Ephrin‐Ephrin receptor families and proteins which regulate RhoGTPase signaling and actin polymerization/depolymerization in neural development and differentiation.KSdecorates a number of peripheral nervous system/CNSproteoglycan (PG) core proteins. The astrocyteKS‐PGabakan defines functional margins of the brain and is up‐regulated following trauma. The chondroitin sulfate/KS PGaggrecan forms perineuronal nets which are dynamic neuroprotective structures with anti‐oxidant properties and roles in neural differentiation, development and synaptic plasticity. Brain phosphacan a chondroitin sulfate,KS,HNK‐1PGhave roles in neural development and repair. The intracellular microtubule and synaptic vesicleKS‐PGsMAP1B andSV2 have roles in metabolite transport, storage, and export of neurotransmitters and cytoskeletal assembly.MAP1B has binding sites for tubulin and actin through which it promotes cytoskeletal development in growth cones and is highly expressed during neurite extension. The interactive capability ofKSwith neuroregulatory ligands indicate varied roles forKS‐PGs in development and regenerative neural processes.image
Chronic adenosine A2A receptor blockade induces locomotor sensitization and potentiates striatal LTD IN GPR37‐deficient mice
Authors: Morató Xavier , Gonçalves Francisco Q. , Lopes João P. , Jauregui Olga , Soler Concepció , Fernández‐Dueñas Víctor , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Ciruela Francisco 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAdenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) play a key role in modulating dopamine‐dependent locomotor activity, as heralded by the sensitization of locomotor activity upon chronic A2AR blockade, which is associated with elevated dopamine levels and altered corticostriatal synaptic plasticity. Since the orphan receptor GPR37 has been shown to modulate A2AR function in vivo, we aimed to test whether the A2AR‐mediated sensitization of locomotor activity is GPR37‐dependent and involves adaptations of synaptic plasticity. To this end, we administered a selective A2AR antagonist, SCH58261 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), daily for 14 days, and the locomotor sensitization, striatum‐dependent cued learning, and corticostriatal synaptic plasticity (i.e., long‐term depression) were compared in wild‐type and GPR37−/− mice. Notably, GPR37 deletion promoted A2AR‐associated locomotor sensitization but not striatum‐dependent cued learning revealed upon chronic SCH58261 treatment of mice. Furthermore, chronic A2AR blockade potentiated striatal long‐term depression in corticostriatal synapses of GPR37−/− but not of wild‐type mice, thus correlating well with neurochemical alterations of the adenosinergic system. Overall, these results revealed the importance of GPR37 regulating A2AR‐dependent locomotor sensitization and synaptic plasticity in the basal ganglia circuitry.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
image
Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge.For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/
Soluble programmed death‐1 is a useful indicator for inflammatory and fibrosis severity in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Zhou Liang , Li Xiaoyan , Huang Xiaohui , Chen Lubiao , Gu Lin , Huang Yuehua 
Published: December 2018

SummaryElevated programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) has been found in immune cells in viral infections and plays an important role in infection persistence. The soluble form of PD‐1 (sPD‐1) is involved in tumours and viral infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sPD‐1 in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). A total of two hundred and eighteen CHB patients and sixty healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Demographic data and clinical parameters were collected. An ELISA assay was used to measure serum sPD‐1 levels, and the relationships between sPD‐1 and clinical/virological characteristics was analysed. sPD‐1 levels in CHB patients were higher (median 4.409 IQR 3.435‐5.306 pg/mL) than those of HC individuals (median 0.3665 IQR 0.2425‐0.5010 pg/mL). Among patients at various disease stages, patients with immune activity showed the highest sPD‐1 levels (median 5.138 IQR 4.329‐5.406 pg/mL). sPD‐1 concentration was associated with HBV markers (HBsAg, HBV DNA and HBeAg) and biochemical parameters (serum aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], total bilirubin [TBil] and gamma glutamyl transferase [γ‐GT] levels) (all P < 0.05). sPD‐1 levels were higher in CHB patients with moderate‐to‐severe inflammation or fibrosis than in those with mild inflammation or fibrosis, regardless of ALT levels. The association between sPD‐1 and disease progression of CHB suggests that sPD‐1 could serve as a new indicator in assessing liver fibrosis. These findings may further aid in determining the initiation of antiviral treatment in patients with normal ALT levels.
Feeding ecological knowledge: the underutilised power of faecal DNA approaches for carnivore diet analysis
Authors: Monterroso Pedro , Godinho Raquel , Oliveira Teresa , Ferreras Pablo , Kelly Marcella J. , Morin Dana J. , Waits Lisette P. , Alves Paulo C. , Mills L. Scott 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Accurate analyses of the diets of predators are key to understand trophic interactions and defining conservation strategies. Diets are commonly assessed through analysis of non‐invasively collected scats, and the use of faecal DNA (fDNA) analysis can reduce the species misidentifications that could lead to biased ecological inference.

We review the scientific literature since publication of the first paper on amplifying fDNA, in order to assess trends in the use of genetic non‐invasive sampling (gNIS) for predator species identification in scat‐based diet studies of North American and European terrestrial mammalian carnivores (Carnivora). We quantify error rates in morphology‐based predator species identification. We then provide an overview of how applying gNIS would improve research on trophic interactions and other areas of carnivore ecology.

We found that carnivore species identity was verified by using gNIS in only 8% of 400 studies of carnivore diets based on scats. The median percentage of false positives (i.e. samples wrongly identified as belonging to the target species) in morphology‐based studies was 18%, and was consistent regardless of species’ body size. We did not find an increasing trend in the use of gNIS over time, despite the existing technical capability to identify almost all carnivore species.

New directions for fDNA studies include employing high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) and DNA metabarcoding to identify the predator species, the individual predator, the entire assemblage of consumed items, and the microbiome of the predator and pathogens. We conclude that HTS protocols and metagenomic approaches hold great promise for elevating gNIS as a fundamental cornerstone for future research in ecology and conservation biology of mammals.
Relationship between the dietary intake, serum, and breast milk concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin E in a cohort of women over the course of lactation
Authors: da Silva Ana Gabriella Costa Lemos , de Sousa Rebouças Amanda , Mendonça Beatriz Maria Alves , Silva Danna Calina Nogueira e , Dimenstein Roberto , Ribeiro Karla Danielly da Silva 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study evaluated the nutritional status of lactating women with regard to vitamins A and E and the relationship between dietary intake and concentrations in serum and milk. A longitudinal study was conducted with 43 women at a hospital in northeastern Brazil. Blood and milk samples and food intake recalls were obtained at three moments during the breastfeeding period. Retinol and alpha‐tocopherol were analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Dietary inadequacy was analysed according to the estimated average requirement, with intrapersonal variation adjusted by the multiple source method. Food intake was classified by quartiles of consumption. Serum retinol was 1.65 μmol/L, with 5% of low concentrations (<0.7 μmol/L) at the first collection. Serum alpha‐tocopherol decreased from 30.18 to 25.49 μmol/L at the third collection (P = 0.008), with an increase in the percentage frequency of deficiency (<12 μmol/L). Both vitamins maintained stable concentrations in milk at the different collection times, and the overall dietary inadequacy of vitamins A and E was 58% and 100%, respectively. There was a correlation only between vitamin A intake and serum retinol (r = 0.403, P = 0.007), and higher retinol concentrations were found in women classified in the highest consumption quartile (P = 0.031). Over the course of lactation, there was a high degree of inadequacy in vitamin intake and a reduction in serum alpha‐tocopherol, whereas its concentrations in milk remained unchanged. Dietary intake of vitamin A has been shown to influence serum retinol, which underscores the importance of adequate nutrition and monitoring of vitamin deficiency during lactation.
Effects of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on fluid distribution: A comparison study with furosemide and tolvaptan
Authors: Ohara Ken , Masuda Takahiro , Murakami Takuya , Imai Toshimi , Yoshizawa Hiromichi , Nakagawa Saki , Okada Mari , Miki Atsushi , Myoga Akihiro , Sugase Taro , Sekiguchi Chuji , Miyazawa Yasuharu , Maeshima Akito , Akimoto Tetsu , Saito Osamu , Muto Shigeaki , Nagata Daisuke 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAimSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are an antihyperglycemic drug with diuretic properties. We recently reported that an SGLT2 inhibitor ameliorated extracellular fluid expansion with a transient increase in urinary Na+ excretion. However, the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on fluid distribution in comparison to conventional diuretics remain unclear.MethodsForty chronic kidney disease patients with fluid retention (average estimated glomerular filtration rate 29.2 ± 3.2 mL/min per 1.73 m2) were divided into the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA), loop diuretic furosemide (FR) and vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan (TLV). The body fluid volume was measured on days 0 and 7 using a bioimpedance analysis device.ResultsIn all three groups, body weight was significantly and similarly decreased, and urine volume numerically increased for 7 days. Bioimpedance analysis showed that the changes in intracellular water were similar, but that there were significant changes in the extracellular water (ECW) (DAPA −8.4 ± 1.7, FR −12.5 ± 1.3, TLV −7.4 ± 1.5%, P = 0.048). As a result, the change in the ratio of ECW to total body water in the DAPA group was significantly smaller than that in the FR group, but numerically larger than that in the TLV group (DAPA −1.5 ± 0.5, FR −3.6 ± 0.5, TLV −0.5 ± 0.4%, P < 0.001).ConclusionSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor DAPA predominantly decreased the ECW with a mild increase in urine volume, but the change in the ECW/total body water was smaller than that in patients treated with FR, and larger than that in patients treated with TLV, suggesting that the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on fluid distribution may differ from those of conventional diuretics.
Phytochrome A signal transduction 1 and CONSTANS‐LIKE 13 coordinately orchestrate shoot branching and flowering in leafy Brassica juncea
Authors: Muntha Sidra Tul , Zhang Lili , Zhou Yufeng , Zhao Xuan , Hu Zhongyuan , Yang Jinghua , Zhang Mingfang 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBranching is a major determinant of crop yield, and enables vigorous shoot growth and the production of a dense canopy. Phytochrome A signal transduction 1 (PAT1) positively regulates phytochrome A signal transduction in response to light, but its effects on branching remain unknown. In this study, we mapped PAT1, and revealed a previously unknown role related to branching and flowering in leafy Brassica juncea. Earlier and increased branching was observed when PAT1 expression was down‐regulated, implying that PAT1 negatively regulates shoot branching. Additionally, down‐regulated PAT1 expression reversed the inhibited branching induced by far‐red light, suggesting PAT1 is involved in the shade avoidance response. PAT1 negatively regulated branching only after bud initiation. The observed interaction between PAT1 and BRC1 implied that PAT1 influences bud outgrowth in a BRC1‐dependent manner. Biochemical and genetic evidence indicate that PAT1 directly interacts with CONSTANS‐LIKE 13 (COL13), which negatively regulates flowering, with the resulting PAT1–COL13 complex mediating shoot branching and flowering. Our findings reveal a new crosstalk modality between phytochrome signalling and flowering pathways during the regulation of shoot branching and flowering. The data presented herein may be useful for future studies involving the editing of the GRAS family transcription factor PAT1 gene to enhance crop productivity and enable earlier harvesting.
Enhanced ROS scavenging and sugar accumulation contribute to drought tolerance of naturally occurring autotetraploids in Poncirus trifoliata
Authors: Wei Tonglu , Wang Yue , Xie Zongzhou , Guo Dayong , Chen Chuanwu , Fan Qijun , Deng Xiaodong , Liu Ji‐Hong 
Published: December 2018

SummaryTetraploids have been reported to exhibit increased stress tolerance, but the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, autotetraploid plants were identified by screening natural seedlings of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata). The tetraploids exhibited different morphology and displayed significantly enhanced drought and dehydration tolerance in comparison with the diploid progenitor. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a number of stress‐responsive genes and pathways were differentially influenced and enriched in the tetraploids, in particular those coding for enzymes related to antioxidant process and sugar metabolism. Transcript levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and sucrose‐hydrolysing enzyme (vacuolar invertase) were increased in the tetraploids upon exposure to the drought, concomitant with greater levels of glucose but lower level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These data indicate that the tetraploids might undergo extensive transcriptome reprogramming of genes involved in ROS scavenging and sugar metabolism, which contributes, synergistically or independently, to the enhanced stress tolerance of the tetraploid. Our results reveal that the tetraploids take priority over the diploid for stress tolerance by maintaining a more robust system of ROS detoxification and osmotic adjustment via elevating antioxidant capacity and sugar accumulation in comparison with the diploid counterpart.