bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resonance frequency analysis: Comparing two clinical instruments
Authors: Becker William , Hujoel Philippe , Becker Burton E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies indicate implants placed immediately after extraction or with minimally invasive procedures have excellent long‐term success and survival rates. There is general agreement that implants must be stable after implant placement. This study evaluated implant stability changes from the time of implant placement to second stage (prior to restoration). Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was determined for two commercially available units (Osstell, Osstell USA, Columbia, MD and Penguin, Penguin Integration Diagnostics, Sweden). The unit of measurement was the implant stability quotient (ISQ).Materials and MethodsPrior to treatment patients were given medical and dental evaluations. Periapical and panogram radiographs were taken Computerized tomography images were taken for sites where adequate bone volume or quality were uncertain. Thirty patients were enrolled in this study (13 females, 17 males, mean age 73.4 years, (maximum age 90, minimum 47 year total of 38 implants were placed. One implant was lost. Computerized implant planning (Nobel Clinician) Nobel Biocar United States (Nobel Biocare, Yorba Linda, CA) was performed for all patients. Implants were placed utilizing a surgical guide. Using Resonance Frequency anal this study compared two RFA systems for determining implant stability (ISQ; Osstell and Penguin). Measurement pegs were screwed into the implants, and RFA measurements were taken at mesial, distal, lingual, and buccal implant surfaces. Stability measurements were taken at implant placement and at second stage. Clinical data and RFA measurements were recorded on data sheets. The average interval between first and second stages was 144.1 days (range 21.3)ResultsAverage interval between implant placement and second stage was 141.1 days. One implant was lost prior to second stage. The results are based on 30 patients with 38 implants. At second stage, the RFA measures were slightly higher than first stage with a mean increase of 1.15, SE = 0.3, P–.067. The Penguin RFA values were marginally higher than Osstell (mean increase 1.10, SE = 0.64, P < .08).ConclusionsRFA values between implant placement and second stage differed slightly between implant placement and second stage (P < 0.10). These differences were not clinically or statistically significant. At second stage, Penguin RFA values were slightly higher when compared with the Osstell device (P < 0.67). Bone quality appears to be an important factor when determining RFA readings. Type I bone had significantly higher readings when compared with other less dense bone types (P < .029) Resonance frequency evaluation data were similar for both instruments, indicating their reliability in determining implant stability. Neither instrument predicted implant failure. While subjective, Penguin was less cumbersome to utilize and the window revealing the readings was very easier to read. Further, the pegs are magnetized making insertion easy.
The use of antioxidant compounds in the treatment of first psychotic episode: Highlights from preclinical studies
Authors: Schiavone Stefania , Trabace Luigia 
Published: March 2018

SummaryRecent evidence highlighted a pathogenetic link between redox dysregulation and the early stages of psychosis. Indeed, an increasing number of studies have pointed toward an association between oxidative stress, both at central and peripheral levels, and first psychotic episode. Moreover, basal low antioxidant capacity has been shown to directly correlate with cognitive impairment in the early onset of psychosis. In this context, the possibility to use antioxidant compounds in first psychotic episode, especially as supplementation to antipsychotic therapy, has become the focus of numerous investigations on rodents with the aim to translate data on the possible effects of antioxidant therapies to large populations of patients, with a diagnosis of the first psychotic episode. In this review, we will discuss studies, published from January 1st, 2007 to July 31st, 2017, investigating the effects of antioxidant compounds on neuropathological alterations observed in different rodent models characterized by a cluster of psychotic‐like symptoms reminiscent of what observed in human first psychotic episode. A final focus on the effective possibility to directly translate data obtained on rodents to humans will be also provided.
A web‐based prediction score for head and neck cancer referrals
Authors: Lau K. , Wilkinson J. , Moorthy R. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveFollowing the announcement of the NHS Cancer Plan in 2000, anyone suspected of having cancer has to be seen by a specialist within 2 weeks of referral. Since this introduction, studies have shown that only 6.3%‐14.6% of 2‐week referrals were diagnosed with a head and neck cancer and that majority of the cancer diagnoses were via other referral routes. These studies suggest that the referral scheme is not currently cost‐effective. Our aim is to develop a scoring system that determines the risk of head and neck cancer in a patient, which can then be used to aid GP referrals.DesignRetrospective data were collected from 1075 patients with 2‐week head and neck cancer referrals from general practitioners. The retrospective data collected included patients’ demographics, risk factors and relevant investigations. The data were used as input into a logistic regression to arrive at our model. Our approach included data analysis, machine learning techniques, statistical inference and model validation metrics to arrive at the best performing model. The model was then tested with more data from 235 prospective patients.ResultsUsing our results from the logistic regression, we created a web‐based tool that GPs can use to calculate their patient's probability of cancer and use this result to assist in their decision regarding referral. Our prototype can be seen in Figure 2.ConclusionWe have created a prototype scoring system that can be hosted online to assist GPs with their referrals with a sensitivity of 31% and specificity of 92%. While we acknowledge that there are several limitations to our model, we believe we have created a novel preliminary scoring system that has the potential to be improved dramatically with further data and be very helpful for GPs in a long run.
Offsetting Risk: Organic Food, Pollution, and the Transgression of Spatial Boundaries
Authors: Orlando Giovanni 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article analyses the reasons given by some inhabitants of Palermo, a city in southern Italy, to explain their consumption of organic foods. It does so to uncover the role played by perceptions of the ubiquity of pollution in the construction of contemporary culinary anxieties. The article shows that some Palermitans compared organic to conventional foods on the basis of notions of healthiness, choosing the former to avoid ingesting harmful substances. This is in line with a popular interpretation of organic food consumption as a means to avoid risks originating in agriculture and the food processing industry. However, concerns about food quality were not the sole motivation offered by research participants. Eating organics was also seen as a way to mitigate risks deriving from the local urban environment. While this double risk burden reflects views of pollution that are typical of contemporary environmental discourse, participants’ references to urban settings in their discussions of organic food are an aspect that is not usually addressed in analyses of this form of consumption. The article suggests therefore that ideas about the spatial properties of pollution play an important role in explaining people's culinary anxieties and the attractiveness of organics, the consumption of which is seen as capable of offsetting contamination from a diverse array of (mostly local) factors.
Prevention of Type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes directed at the family context: a narrative review from the Danish Diabetes Academy symposium
Authors: Kragelund Nielsen K. , Groth Grunnet L. , Terkildsen Maindal H. ,   the Danish Diabetes Academy Workshop and Workshop Speakers
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this review, we aim to summarize knowledge about gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) after delivery; with special focus on the potential of preventing Type 2 diabetes in a family context. The review expands on the key messages from a symposium held in Copenhagen in May 2017 and highlights avenues for future research. A narrative review of the symposium presentations and related literature is given. GDM is associated with increased short‐ and long‐term adverse outcomes including Type 2 diabetes for both mother and offspring. Interestingly, GDM in mothers also predicts diabetes in the fathers. Thus, although GDM is diagnosed in pregnant women, the implications seem to affect the whole family. Structured lifestyle intervention can prevent or delay the onset of Type 2 diabetes. In this review, we show how numerous challenges are present in the target group, when such interventions are sought and implemented in real‐world settings. Although interlinked and interacting, barriers to maintaining a healthy lifestyle post‐partum can be grouped into those pertaining to diabetes beliefs, the family context and the healthcare system. Health literacy level and perceptions of health and disease risk may modify these barriers. There is a need to identify effective approaches to health promotion and health service delivery for women with prior GDM and their families. Future efforts may benefit from involving the target group in the development and execution of such initiatives as one way of ensuring that approaches are tailored to the needs of individual women and their families.
Institutions, innovation and growth
Authors: Silve Florent , Plekhanov Alexander 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper looks at the link between the quality of economic institutions and innovation, and innovation and growth. We construct a measure of the innovation content of individual manufacturing industries and show that countries with stronger economic institutions specialize in more innovation‐intensive industries. Our results also provide evidence that industries involving higher levels of innovation grow relatively faster in countries with better economic institutions. The results suggest that innovation is an important channel through which higher quality economic institutions contribute to better growth performance in the long run.
The bud midge Prodiplosis floricola in citrus crops in Colombia
Authors: Duque‐Gamboa Diana N. , Castillo‐Cárdenas Maria F. , Hernández Luis M. , Guzmán Yoan C. , Manzano Maria R. , Toro‐Perea Nelson 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSampling performed in flower buds of citrus in Colombia allowed the detection of the presence of Prodiplosis longifila Gagné and Prodiplosis floricola Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). The polyphagous P. longifila is a pest of Solanaceae, but whether both species cause economic losses in citrus is unknown. These congeneric species are indistinguishable in the larval stage, and their morphological identification, which is complex, is performed on adult males. This study comprises a morphological description and characterization of the damage generated by P. floricola larvae feeding on the flowers of key lime, Citrus × aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle (pro. sp.), and Tahiti lime, Citrus × latifolia Tanaka ex Q. Jiménez (Rutaceae), as well as a population genetical analysis of the insect. Prodiplosis floricola was found in the localities of Támesis (Antioquia), Garzón (Huila), and Palmira and Zarzal (Valle del Cauca). These populations were characterized by COI and ITS2 molecular markers, with a moderate genetic structure found that cannot be explained by the geographic distance between the populations. The haplotype distribution pattern indicates that the populations are composed of highly differentiated haplotypes of equivalent frequencies, which suggests that the Colombian populations of P. floricola are products of multiple introductions and that their dispersion between populations is attributable to anthropic transport. Citrus in Colombia constitutes a new host for P. floricola and increases the known geographical range of the insect, as it has only been previously reported in Brazil and the USA. The molecular markers used in the present study are useful for early diagnosis of P. floricola in the larval stage and for future research on the population dynamics in citrus.
Morphometry, allometry, and fluctuating asymmetry of egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum under insecticide influence
Authors: Souza Diego , Monteiro Angelo B. , Faria Lucas Del Bianco 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe morphometric analysis of parasitoids may contribute to biological control programs by providing information on development of insects and relationships among sizes of morphological characters. Furthermore, it can infer about the impact of insecticides on morphological characters and fitness. We evaluate the morphometry, allometry, and fluctuating asymmetry of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) with and without influence of the growth‐regulating insecticides teflubenzuron and lufenuron. Trichogramma pretiosum had significantly larger wings and tibiae in treatments with insecticides. We found no effects of insecticides on asymmetry in T. pretiosum and conclude that this insect is very close to isometry. This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating the size of parasitoids destined to biological control programs.
Structure and genetic variation among populations of Euschistus heros from different geographic regions in Brazil
Authors: Husch Patricia Elizabeth , Ferreira Dhiego Gomes , Seraphim Noemy , Harvey Nick , Silva‐Brandão Karina Lucas , Sofia Silvia Helena , Sosa‐Gómez Daniel Ricardo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a major Brazilian soybean pest. Aiming to provide relevant information to implement pest and insecticide resistance management, new microsatellite loci were developed for E. heros and used in a study of genetic diversity and population structure. The population analysis was performed using eight microsatellite loci from 17 samples (n = 243 individuals) collected in the major soybean‐producing regions in Brazil (northeastern, midwestern, and southern regions). These microsatellite loci provided high genetic diversity values on the whole extension for the studied region (He = 0.895; total number of alleles = 400). Neotropical brown stink bug populations in general displayed low genetic structure levels among the samples (overall ΦST = 0.009). An exception was the sample from the northeastern region, which showed a significant genetic differentiation (pairwise ΦST = 0.031–0.063). Bayesian cluster analysis confirmed these results, did not show population subdivision, and indicated considerable levels of gene flow. Significant correlations between genetic differences and geographic distance were obtained. The lowest estimate of migration was found in the population from São Desidério, which was also the most distant from the remaining populations based on genetic distance. Some plausible hypotheses for the low genetic differentiation among these populations are the fast expansion of soybean production areas, the main food source of E. heros, polyvoltinism, and possible influence of anthropogenic dispersal. All these factors could have led to high population densities, a wide distribution that may contribute to reduced population differentiation, and increased genetic diversity.
Responses of crop productivity and physical protection of organic carbon by macroaggregates to long‐term fertilization of an Anthrosol
Authors: Xie J. , Peng B. , Wang R. , Batbayar J. , Hoogmoed M. , Yang Y. , Zhang S. , Yang X. , Sun B. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySoil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in the soil of arable land has been recommended as a ‘win–win strategy’ for improving soil quality and crop productivity, and for mitigating the effects of climate change. With data from a 35‐year field experiment, we investigated the effects of organic manure and synthetic fertilizers on the mechanisms of organic carbon (OC) protection in macroaggregates and the relations between crop productivity and OC under an intensive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system on an Anthrosol in northern China. The study involved nine treatments consisting of different combinations of synthetic fertilizers and organic manure. Soil samples taken from the 0–10‐cm and 10–20‐cm layers after 35 years of experimentation were separated into four physical fractions within the macroaggregates and analysed for changes in OC. In comparison with the control without any addition of fertilizer, long‐term application of nitrogen and phosphorus had no effects on SOC and OC contents of the macroaggregate fractions. In contrast, the application of organic manure significantly increased SOC and OC contents of macroaggregate fractions, apart from mineral‐associated organic carbon (MOC). Soil organic carbon was strongly and positively correlated with OC content in the intra‐microaggregate particulate organic carbon fraction (iPOC), indicating that SOC sequestration occurred primarily in the form of the physically protected particulate organic carbon fraction in the Anthrosol investigated here. A quadratic‐plateau model described the relation between crop yields and SOC well, and the critical SOC content, above which there was no yield response to increasing SOC, was about 9 g kg−1, or 25 Mg ha−1. Thus, the input of available C should be adjusted once this critical SOC content has been reached to guarantee the desired level of soil productivity and efficiency of SOC sequestration.HighlightsLong‐term application of dairy manure markedly increased SOC contents in plough layer.
Manure application increased OC contents in macroaggregate fractions, except MOC.
SOC was significantly and positively correlated with iPOC.
The critical SOC content to obtain desired crop yield was ca. 9 g kg−1 in an Anthrosol.
Intragroup competition predicts individual foraging specialisation in a group‐living mammal
Authors: Sheppard Catherine E. , Inger Richard , McDonald Robbie A. , Barker Sam , Jackson Andrew L. , Thompson Faye J. , Vitikainen Emma I. K. , Cant Michael A. , Marshall Harry H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIndividual foraging specialisation has important ecological implications, but its causes in group‐living species are unclear. One of the major consequences of group living is increased intragroup competition for resources. Foraging theory predicts that with increased competition, individuals should add new prey items to their diet, widening their foraging niche (‘optimal foraging hypothesis’). However, classic competition theory suggests the opposite: that increased competition leads to niche partitioning and greater individual foraging specialisation (‘niche partitioning hypothesis’). We tested these opposing predictions in wild, group‐living banded mongooses (Mungos mungo), using stable isotope analysis of banded mongoose whiskers to quantify individual and group foraging niche. Individual foraging niche size declined with increasing group size, despite all groups having a similar overall niche size. Our findings support the prediction that competition promotes niche partitioning within social groups and suggest that individual foraging specialisation may play an important role in the formation of stable social groupings.
Should I stay or should I go? Mycorrhizal plants are more likely to invest in long‐distance seed dispersal than non‐mycorrhizal plants
Authors: Correia Marta , Heleno Ruben , Vargas Pablo , Rodríguez‐Echeverría Susana 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSeed dispersal and mycorrhizal associations are key mutualisms for the functioning and regeneration of plant communities; however, these processes have seldom been explored together. We hypothesised that obligatory mycorrhizal plants will be less likely to have long‐distance dispersal (LDD) syndromes since the probability of finding suitable mycorrhizal partners is likely to decrease with distance to the mother plant. We contrasted the mycorrhizal status and LDD syndromes for 1960 European plant species, using phylogenetically corrected log‐linear models. Contrary to our expectation, having specialised structures for LDD is more frequent in obligate mycorrhizal plants than in non‐mycorrhizal plants, revealing that lack of compatible mutualists does not constrain investment in LDD structures in the European Flora. Ectomycorrhizal plants associated with wind‐dispersing fungi are also more likely to have specialised structures for wind dispersal. Habitat specificity and narrower niche of non‐mycorrhizal plants might explain the smaller investment in specialised structures for seed dispersal.
Differences in tree and shrub establishment due to tree guard type in a temperate upland pasture
Authors: Brown Sharon L. , Reid Jackie , Reid Nick , Smith Rhiannon 
Published: March 2018

SummarySuccess of establishing native trees in cool temperate environments depends on the ability of seedlings to withstand subzero temperatures and recurrent frosts. This study compared the survival and growth of five tree and shrub species with two guard types at three landscape positions in an upland pasture. Seedlings were planted between December 2013 and March 2014. Half of the seedlings were planted in tall Corflute® guards (60 cm high), and the remaining seedlings were interplanted in milk cartons (30 cm). Seedling survival and height were measured in November 2014. Hourly temperature readings were recorded between March and November 2014. Seedling height for all species was greater in tall guards than milk cartons at all landscape positions, possibly at least partly due to etiolation. However, seedlings in tall guards survived better than seedlings in milk cartons at mid‐ and upper‐slope positions. Higher temperatures may have benefited seedling performance by prolonging the growing season as average maximum temperature was significantly higher inside tall guards than milk cartons and ambient conditions at all landscape positions. Average daily temperature was significantly higher in tall guards compared to milk cartons and ambient conditions at the upper‐slope site only. There were no significant differences in average minimum temperature between guard types at all landscape positions.