bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrieval of liquid water cloud properties from POLDER-3 measurements using a neural network ensemble approach
Authors: Di Noia Antonio , Hasekamp Otto P. , van Diedenhoven Bastiaan , Zhang Zhibo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This paper describes a neural network algorithm for the estimation of liquid
water cloud optical properties from the Polarization and Directionality of
Earth's Reflectances-3 (POLDER-3) instrument aboard the Polarization &amp;
Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations
from a Lidar (PARASOL) satellite. The algorithm has been trained on synthetic
multi-angle, multi-wavelength measurements of reflectance and polarization
and has been applied to the processing of 1 year of POLDER-3 data.
Comparisons of the retrieved cloud properties with Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products show that the neural network
algorithm has a low bias of around 2 in cloud optical thickness (COT) and
between 1 and 2 µm in the cloud effective radius. Comparisons with
existing POLDER-3 datasets suggest that the proposed scheme may have enhanced
capabilities for cloud effective radius retrieval, at least over land. An
additional feature of the presented algorithm is that it provides COT and
effective radius retrievals at the native POLDER-3 Level 1B pixel level.
Perfil escolar de estudantes com deficiência na Educação de Jovens e Adultos, nível ensino médio
Authors: Leite Graciliana Garcia , Campos Juliane Aparecida de Paula Perez 
Published: March 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o perfil escolar de estudantes com deficiência matriculados na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), nível ensino médio. O estudo contou com a participação de 10 estudantes de diferentes escolas estaduais de três municípios do interior do estado de São Paulo. Para coleta de dados, aplicou-se o questionário socioeconômico adaptado do Exame Nacional para Certificação de Competências de Jovens e Adultos (ENCEJA 2013). Os resultados indicaram perfil jovem dos estudantes, predominância do sexo masculino, baixo nível escolaridade dos pais, perfil econômico baixo e fragmentação do processo de escolarização, caracterizado pela interrupção dos estudos. Foi possível concluir que os estudantes reconhecem que o retorna a escola representa a oportunidade ascensão profissional, rompendo com o processo de fragmentação escolar. Destacamos a relevância do estudo, pois é necessário conhecer o perfil dos estudantes que frequentam a EJA, como forma de compreender sua caracterização e trajetória escolar, oportunizando o desenvolvimento educacional destes sujeitos no contexto do ensino regular.
Long-term high physical activity modulates event-related potential indices of inhibitory control in postmenopausal women
Authors: Xu Chang , Lu Yingzhi , Wang Biye , Zhou Chenglin 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundInhibition processing is sensitive to aging, and an age-related decline in inhibition processing has been associated with an accelerated rate of progression to Alzheimer disease. Elderly women are two to three times more likely than age-matched men to have Alzheimer disease. Therefore, this study examined whether long-term high physical activity affects inhibitory processing, specifically among postmenopausal women.MethodsIn total, 251 candidates were screened using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices to assess their cognitive abilities and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Chinese version) to assess their physical activity levels. The participants were then grouped into either a long-term high physical activity group (defined as more than 3 days of high intensity activity per week and gross metabolic equivalent minutes (MET-minutes) higher than 1,500 MET-minutes/week or a gross MET higher than 3,000 MET-minutes/week obtained through walking or other moderate or high intensity activity) or a control group and matched for demographic and health characteristics as well as cognitive scores. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as participants performed a Go/No-go task to assess inhibition processing.ResultsThe long-term high physical activity group (n= 30) had faster Go reaction times than the control group (n= 30), whereas no significant difference between the two groups was found in their performance accuracy on the No-go task. For the ERP results, the latency of N2 component was significantly shorter in the long-term high physical activity group than that in the control group.DiscussionThe results of this study suggested that long-term high physical activity may increase the efficiency of the inhibitory control system by increasing the activity of response monitoring processes.
Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry in Biodistribution Studies of (Engineered) Nanoparticles
Authors: Krystek Petra , Cirtiu Ciprian M. , Braakhuis Hedwig , Park Margriet , de Jong Wim H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe biodistribution of engineered inorganic nanomaterials with size characteristics of one, two, or three dimensions smaller than 100 nm is a fast‐growing analytical and toxicological research field. This article gives a detailed overview of biodistribution studies with gold (Au), silver (Ag), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs).Exposure to NPs is possible via inhalation, injection, ingestion, and skin contact. The distribution of NPs in the body is affected by their chemical/elemental composition, size and size distribution, shape, coatings, surface properties, and their stability under the selected circumstances.The evaluation of the presence of NPs to determine their tissue distribution is not easy. The presence of NP can be identified by electron microscopy (EM), but this is a time‐ and labor‐consuming technique. So, instead of determining the presence of the NPs themselves, distribution studies can use elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) as indication for the tissue distribution of NPs. In the field of analytical research, the suitable application of ICP‐MS is crucial and discussed in detail. More recent relevant analytical techniques, especially single‐particle inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (sp‐ICP‐MS) and the hyphenation of field‐flow fractionation (FFF) hyphenated to ICP‐MS, the obtained results, as well as the evaluations are presented too.
Plasma Spectrochemistry in Material Sciences – Theory and Recent Applications
Authors: Richter Silke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article provides an overview about state‐of‐the‐art methods in the field of plasma spectrometry and its application in material science. Different types of plasmas with their special characteristics for various applications are described. Indirect analytical methods involving sample digestion and often also analyte/matrix separation prior to analyzing the samples still represent the most important routine methods. Here, plasma optical emission and mass spectrometry are the most frequently used determination techniques with a wide variety of instruments commercially available. To avoid the risk of analyte loss or of contaminations during an often time consuming and laborious sample preparation, the use of techniques with direct solid sampling is considered an attractive alternative for the analysis of many materials. A survey on applications with a special focus on direct solid sampling techniques such as GDMS, GD‐OES, LA‐ICPMS, ETV‐ICPMS, ETV‐ICP‐OES, DC‐Arc is given. Different possible calibration strategies are discussed.
Applications of Fluorescence Studies in Dentistry
Authors: Thoms Michael , Frentzen Matthias 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFluorescence opens up new opportunities to investigate diseases in the oral cavity. The application of fluorescence methods to detect caries, calculus, and cancerous tissue is discussed, and the working principle of devices using fluorescence to detect diseases in the oral cavity is explained. In order to assess the possible benefits of this technique, studies are reviewed that compare the performance to detect diseases of fluorescence devices such as quantitative laser fluorescence (QLF), DIAGNOdent, or VistaProof with conventional techniques such as X‐ray or visual inspection. Related values of the sensitivity and specificity are given. It is found that using fluorescence devices the detection of diseases in the oral cavity can be improved. Therefore, the opportunity evolves to detect diseases in less‐advanced stages and to improve the state of health of patients.
Progress on the Transcriptome Analysis of Medicinal Plants with Next‐Generation Sequencing Technologies
Authors: Luo Hongmei , Chen Shilin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMost medicinal plants are sources for the production of valuable natural products. Major natural products possessing pharmacological properties are secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. However, transcriptomes/genomes of most medicinal plants are not available, which hinders biological research on the biosynthetic mechanism of these bioactive secondary metabolites. Transcriptome analysis is a promising tool to illustrate biological processes, such as the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds, growth and development and genetic diversity of medicinal plants. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, including second‐generation sequencing (SGS) and third‐generation sequencing (TGS) (e.g. PacBio) technologies, are suitable for the transcriptome analysis of medicinal plants. NGS sequencing is advantageous for the identification of gene expression profiling and facilitates reliable discoveries of secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway‐related genes. Recently, hybrid sequencing strategies integrating the strength of SGS and PacBio sequencing have made much transcriptome information available. Additionally, NGS sequencing technologies aids in the direct detection of genetic markers and alternative splicing events related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which facilitates fast‐track breeding of medicinal plants.
Metabolomics: Experimental Design, Methodology, and Data Analysis
Authors: Schripsema Jan , Dagnino Denise 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on the practical and potential applications of metabolomics. The different steps of metabolomics experiments are discussed, from the initial design, sampling, and measurements, to chromatograms and spectra, pretreatment of data, and interpretation of data to find marker compounds. The article discusses how to choose the analytical techniques, extraction procedures, and methods for data analysis. The techniques in metabolomics are increasingly standardized, but rapid development is still going on, leading to the introduction of new techniques and methods. The latest developments have been reviewed.
Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Li Siyuan , Yang Jixiang , Lu Yingying 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are among the most sought‐after battery chemistries for high‐energy storage devices. However, LMBs always undergo uncontrollable lithium deposition, relatively lower Coulombic efficiency (CE), severe side reactions, and limited power output, which impede their practical applications. In the last 40 years, numerous efforts have been made to solve these issues, ranging from theoretically modeling the lithium dendrite growth behavior to experimentally modifying the lithium metal anode. This article provides an overview of LMBs and its main challenge—dendritic lithium growth. First, the advantages and disadvantages of LMBs are discussed compared with the state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries, in which the lithium dendrite growth and fast CE decay are extensively considered. Specific characterization techniques are also summarized to understand the growing behavior of dendritic lithium and anode surface chemistry. To understand the fading mechanisms of LMBs, numerous models and hypotheses are carried out to predict the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, ionic electromigration, and finally dendritic growth behavior. From the insights of the abovementioned theoretical basis, methods concerning on suppressing lithium dendrites and improving the cell CE are categorized as the electrolyte additives, structural electrolyte development, new battery operation mode, multidimensional composite electrode design, and so on. Finally, future directions are given that are expected to drive progress in the development of LMBs.
Association of Arthritis Onset with Influenza: Analysis of the Canadian Early Inflammatory Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Kudaeva Fatima , Speechley Mark , Klar Neil , Schieir Orit , Bartlett Susan J. , Bessette Louis , Boire Gilles , Hazlewood Glen , Hitchon Carol A. , Keystone Edward , Tin Diane , Thorne Carter , Bykerk Vivian P. , Pope Janet E. ,   Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) investigators
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate seasonal patterns of early inflammatory arthritis (IA) onset and potential associations with IA symptom onset.MethodsThe Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) is an inception cohort study of adults with early (12 months or less) IA. We used patient reports of symptom onset as a proxy of IA onset and examined the seasonal distribution of IA onset over 10 years. Influenza time series was based on laboratory‐confirmed influenza A and B from the Canadian FluWatch surveillance from 2010‐2016. Bivariate analysis of influenza and IA was performed using cross‐correlations with different time lags and Poisson regression. IA and influenza were recorded as monthly total frequencies.ResultsOf 2519 IA patients, 88% had confirmed rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Significantly, more IA onsets occurred in winter compared with other seasons (P = 0.03); although IA onset was more frequent in January, the difference between months was not statistically significant. Compared to months with the lowest influenza rates, months with the highest influenza rates had a statistically significant, but trivial, increase of 0.003% in the incidence of IA (incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.00003 (1.00005; 1.000053), P = 0.02).ConclusionAlthough IA symptom onset occurs more frequently in winter, we found that flu outbreaks were not associated with a meaningful increase in IA symptom onset in a large, well‐characterized cohort of Canadian adults over 6 years.
Robust adaptive control for unmatched systems with guaranteed parameter estimation convergence
Authors: Yang Jun , Na Jing , Gao Guanbin 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper provides a modified model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme to achieve better transient control performance for systems with unknown unmatched dynamics, where an adaptive law with guaranteed convergence is introduced. We first revisit the standard MRAC system and analyze the tracking error bound by using L2‐norm and Cauchy‐Schwartz inequality. Based on this analysis, we suggest a feasible way to compensate the undesired transient dynamics induced by the gradient descent–based adaptive laws subject to sluggish convergence or even parameter drift. Then, a modified adaptive law with an alternative leakage term containing the parameter estimation error is developed. With this adaptive law, the convergence of both the estimation error and tracking error can be proved simultaneously. This enhanced convergence property can contribute to deriving smoother control signal and improved control response. Moreover, this paper provides a simple and numerically feasible approach to online verify the well‐known persistent excitation condition by testing the positive definiteness of an introduced auxiliary matrix. Comparative simulations based on a benchmark 3‐DOF helicopter model are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed MRAC approach and show the improved performance over several other MRAC schemes.
High‐Performance Li–SeSx All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaona , Liang Jianwen , Luo Jing , Wang Changhong , Li Xia , Sun Qian , Li Ruying , Zhang Li , Yang Rong , Lu Shigang , Huang Huan , Sun Xueliang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAll‐solid‐state Li–S batteries are promising candidates for next‐generation energy‐storage systems considering their high energy density and high safety. However, their development is hindered by the sluggish electrochemical kinetics and low S utilization due to high interfacial resistance and the electronic insulating nature of S. Herein, Se is introduced into S cathodes by forming SeSx solid solutions to modify the electronic and ionic conductivities and ultimately enhance cathode utilization in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Theoretical calculations confirm the redistribution of electron densities after introducing Se. The interfacial ionic conductivities of all achieved SeSx–Li3PS4 (x = 3, 2, 1, and 0.33) composites are 10−6 S cm−1. Stable and highly reversible SeSx cathodes for sulfide‐based ASSLBs can be developed. Surprisingly, the SeS2/Li10GeP2S12–Li3PS4/Li solid‐state cells exhibit excellent performance and deliver a high capacity over 1100 mAh g−1 (98.5% of its theoretical capacity) at 50 mA g−1 and remained highly stable for 100 cycles. Moreover, high loading cells can achieve high areal capacities up to 12.6 mAh cm−2. This research deepens the understanding of Se–S solid solution chemistry in ASSLB systems and offers a new strategy to achieve high‐performance S‐based cathodes for application in ASSLBs.
Spatially Confined Growth of Fullerene to Super‐Long Crystalline Fibers in Supramolecular Gels for High‐Performance Photodetector
Authors: Liu Kaiqiang , Gao Sheng , Zheng Zhi , Deng Xinling , Mukherjee Somnath , Wang Suansuan , Xu Hua , Wang Jinqiang , Liu Jianfei , Zhai Tianyou , Fang Yu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs a superstar organic semiconductor, fullerene (C60) is versatile in nature for its multiple photoelectric applications. However, owing to its natural 0D structure, a challenge still remains unbeaten as to growth of 1D fullerene crystals with tunable sizes. Herein, reported is an efficient approach to grow C60 as super‐long crystalline fibers with tunable lengths and diameters in supramolecular gel by synergic changes of anti‐solvent, gel length, crystallization time or fullerene concentration. As a result, the crystalline C60 fibers can be modulated to as long as 70 mm and 70 000 in their length‐to‐width ratio. In this case, the gel 3D network provides spatial confinements for the growth of 1D crystal along the directional dispersion of anti‐solvent. The fabricated fullerene device exhibits high responsivity (2595.6 mA W‐1) and high specific detectivity (2.7 × 1012 Jones) at 10 V bias upon irradiation of 400 nm incident light. The on/off ratio and its quantum efficiency are near to 540 and about 800%, respectively, and importantly, its photoelectric property remains very stable after storage in air for six months. Therefore, spatially confined growth of fullerene in supramolecular gels will be another crucial strategy to synthesize 1D semiconductor crystals for photoelectrical device applications in near future.
Room Temperature Electrically Driven Ultraviolet Plasmonic Lasers
Authors: Yang Xun , Ni Pei‐Nan , Jing Peng‐Tao , Zhang Li‐Gong , Ma Ren‐Min , Shan Chong‐Xin , Shen De‐Zhen , Genevet Patrice 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPlasmonic lasers, which make use of the strong confinement of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), are key components to realize ultracompact coherent light sources at deep subwavelength scale. Currently, large metal and radiation losses of their metallic cavities limit electrically driven plasmonic lasers operation mainly at cryogenic temperature, where sufficient gain can be obtained. It is a crucial challenge to accomplish high performance electrically driven plasmonic lasers operated at room temperature. Benefiting from the large exciton binding energy and large oscillator strength of zinc oxide (ZnO) gain media, an optically pumped ultraviolet (UV) plasmonic laser is demonstrated from a hybrid metal–insulator–semiconductor structure, in which a magnesium oxide (MgO) gap layer plays a critical role in reducing the metallic loss. Further optimizing the thickness of the MgO gap layer and ZnO active layer, room temperature electrically driven UV plasmonic lasers with a threshold of 70.2 A cm‐2 are realized for the first time under the injection of electrical carriers through the metallic electrode of the hybrid structure. Localizing light in subwavelength dimension, this novel type of UV plasmonic nanolasers may find various applications in photolithography, sensing, integrated microfluidic systems for surface sterilizations and nanoscale treatment processes.
On‐Demand Coalescence and Splitting of Liquid Marbles and Their Bioapplications
Authors: Wang Ben , Chan Kai Fung , Ji Fengtong , Wang Qianqian , Chiu Philip Wai Yan , Guo Zhiguang , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCoalescence and splitting of liquid marbles (LMs) are critical for the mixture of precise amount precursors and removal of the wastes in the microliter range. Here, the coalescence and splitting of LMs are realized by a simple gravity‐driven impact method and the two processes are systematically investigated to obtain the optimal parameters. The formation, coalescence, and splitting of LMs can be realized on‐demand with a designed channel box. By selecting the functional channels on the device, gravity‐based fusion and splitting of LMs are performed to mix medium/drugs and remove spent culture medium in a precise manner, thus ensuring that the microenvironment of the cells is maintained under optimal conditions. The LM‐based 3D stem cell spheroids are demonstrated to possess an approximately threefold of cell viability compared with the conventional spheroid obtained from nonadhesive plates. Delivery of the cell spheroid to a hydrophilic surface results in the in situ respreading of cells and gradual formation of typical 2D cell morphology, which offers the possibility for such spheroid‐based stem cell delivery in regenerative medicine.
Preparation of the Borane (Fmes)BH2 and its Utilization in the FLP Reduction of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Li Jun , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTreatment of 1,3,5‐tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene with n‐BuLi, followed by H3B⋅SMe2 and subsequent hydride removal gave the (Fmes)BH2 reagent, which was isolated as a SMe2 stabilized monomer or a ligand free (μ‐H)2‐bridged dimer. Reaction with Mes2P(vinyl) gave the respective ethylene‐bridged P/B(Fmes)H FLP. It reduced carbon monoxide to the formyl stage and carbon dioxide to the formaldehyde oxidation state. Most new compounds were characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
Vinylogous Reactivity of Cyclic 2‐Enones: Organocatalysed Asymmetric Addition to 2‐Enals to Synthesize Fused Carbocycles
Authors: Sofiadis Manolis , Kalaitzakis Dimitris , Sarris John , Montagnon Tamsyn , Vassilikogiannakis Georgios 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA method for asymmetric and site selective annulations at the γ and γ′ positions of cyclic 2‐enones with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes has been developed. The organocatalysed [3+3]‐annulations proceed with high levels of regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity, affording a series of high value fused carbocycles. Further elaboration gave key lactones (both bridged and fused).
Is the Newly Described Interstitial Network the Anatomical Basis of Acupuncture Meridians? A Commentary
Authors: Tomov Nikola , Atanasova Dimitrinka , Dimitrov Nikolay 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTA network passing through interstitial tissues of the human body has been recently described. Despite its functional importance is yet unknown, we try to briefly summarize the known data and to interpret it from the viewpoint of Traditional Chinese medicine. We consider the peculiarities of the interstitium to be the morphological basis of at least some of the known phenomena along acupuncture meridians.