bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits of asynchronous exclusion for the evolution of cooperation in stochastic evolutionary optional public goods games
Authors: Quan Ji , Zheng Junjun , Wang Xianjia , Yang Xiukang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMechanisms and conditions for the spontaneous emergence of cooperation in multi-player social dilemma games remain an open question. This paper focuses on stochastic evolutionary optional public goods games with different exclusion strategies. We introduce four strategy types in the population, namely, cooperation, defection, loner and exclusion. Synchronous and asynchronous exclusion forms have been compared in finite-sized, well-mixed and structured populations. In addition, we verify that the asynchronous exclusion mechanism is indeed better than the synchronous exclusion mechanism in all cases. The benefits of the asynchronous exclusion are measured by comparing the probability that the system chooses the cooperative states in the two situations. In the well-mixed population cases, only when the investment amplification factor is small and the probability of exclusion success is high will the asynchronous exclusion mechanism have a relatively large advantage in promoting cooperation. However, in the structured population cases, the range of the investment amplification factor, in which the asynchronous exclusion mechanism has relatively large advantages in promoting cooperation, is somewhat different and is mainly in the middle of the interval under our parameters. Our study further corroborated that when non-participation and exclusion strategies exist, a structured population does not necessarily promote cooperation compared with a well-mixed population for some parameter combinations. Thus, we acquire a good understanding of the emergence of cooperation under different exclusion mechanisms.
Histone deacetylase activity mediates thermal plasticity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Seebacher Frank , Simmonds Alec I. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRegulatory mechanisms underlying thermal plasticity determine its evolution and potential to confer resilience to climate change. Here we show that class I and II histone deacetylases (HDAC) mediated thermal plasticity globally by shifting metabolomic profiles of cold acclimated zebrafish (Danio rerio) away from warm acclimated animals. HDAC activity promoted swimming performance, but reduced slow and fast myosin heavy chain content in cardiac and skeletal muscle. HDAC increased sarco-endoplasmic reticulum ATPase activity in cold-acclimated fish but not in warm-acclimated animals, and it promoted cardiac function (heart rate and relative stroke volume) in cold but not in warm-acclimated animals. HDAC are an evolutionarily ancient group of proteins, and our data show that they mediate the capacity for thermal plasticity, although the actual manifestation of plasticity is likely to be determined by interactions with other regulators such as AMP-activated protein kinase and thyroid hormone.
Associations between Blood Pressure Indices and Brachial–ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Treated Hypertensive Adults: results from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT)
Authors: Hu Lihua , Zhang Yuanyuan , Huang Xiao , Song Yun , Qin Xianhui , Wang Binyan , Zhang Yan , Tang Genfu , Li Jianping , Li Ping , Bao Huihui , Huo Yong , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBrachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), as a marker of arterial stiffness, has been demonstrated to be associated with blood pressure (BP) and onset of hypertension. However, little information is available on the associations between baPWV and BP indices [systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP)] in treated hypertensive patients. We aimed to assess the associations between BP indices and baPWV. In this cross-sectional study, 14,598 hypertensive patients from China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT) at the exit visit of the trial were analyzed. Elevated baPWV was defined as ≥18.3 m/s. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations of BP indices with baPWV and elevated baPWV. Moreover, the smooth curve fitting (penalized spline method) was conducted. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that continuous SBP, DBP, PP and MAP were independently and positively associated with baPWV (β = 0.081, 0.084, 0.078 and 0.115, respectively, all P < 0.001). Compared with controlled SBP group (<140 mm Hg), uncontrolled SBP (≥140 mm Hg) was significantly associated with higher baPWV [β = 2.234, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.137–2.332]. Similarly, compared with controlled DBP group (<90 mm Hg), uncontrolled DBP (≥90 mm Hg) was significantly associated with higher baPWV (β = 1.466, 95%CI: 1.341–1.590). Multiple logistic analyses also showed that SBP, DBP, PP and MAP were significantly and positively associated with elevated baPWV (OR = 1.056, 1.049, 1.052, and 1.075, respectively, all P < 0.001). The fully-adjusted smooth curve fitting presented a linear association between BP indices with baPWV. In conclusion, among treated hypertensive patients, SBP, DBP, PP and MAP levels were independently and positively associated with baPWV and elevated baPWV, suggesting that baPWV might be a way to predict uncontrolled BP.
Bilingualism and language similarity modify the neural mechanisms of selective attention
Authors: Olguin Andrea , Cekic Mario , Bekinschtein Tristan A. , Katsos Napoleon , Bozic Mirjana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLearning and using multiple languages places major demands on our neurocognitive system, which can impact the way the brain processes information. Here we investigated how early bilingualism influences the neural mechanisms of auditory selective attention, and whether this is further affected by the typological similarity between languages. We tested the neural encoding of continuous attended speech in early balanced bilinguals of typologically similar (Dutch-English) and dissimilar languages (Spanish-English) and compared them to results from English monolinguals we reported earlier. In a dichotic listening paradigm, participants attended to a narrative in their native language while ignoring different types of interference in the other ear. The results revealed that bilingualism modulates the neural mechanisms of selective attention even in the absence of consistent behavioural differences between monolinguals and bilinguals. They also suggested that typological similarity between languages helps fine-tune this modulation, reflecting life-long experiences with resolving competition between more or less similar candidates. The effects were consistent over the time-course of the narrative and suggest that learning a second language at an early age triggers neuroplastic adaptation of the attentional processing system.
Enzyme-mediated depletion of l-cyst(e)ine synergizes with thioredoxin reductase inhibition for suppression of pancreatic tumor growth
Authors: Kshattry Sabin , Saha Achinto , Gries Paul , Tiziani Stefano , Stone Everett , Georgiou George , DiGiovanni John 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPerturbing redox homeostasis potentially constitutes a selective cancer-killing strategy. An engineered human enzyme, cyst(e)inase that degrades extracellular cysteine (l-Cys) and cystine (CSSC) leading to depletion of intracellular l-Cys and glutathione (GSH) was evaluated for its effects on pancreatic cancer cell lines. Cyst(e)inase caused oxidative stress and apoptosis in only Panc1 cells, whereas MIA-PaCa2 and BxPC3 cells demonstrated survival under conditions of cyst(e)inase-mediated l-Cys depletion through maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism and lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A correlation was also observed between thioredoxin 1 protein levels and resistance to cyst(e)inase treatment. Notably, cyst(e)inase in combination with auranofin, a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, caused a synergistic increase in mitochondrial ROS and apoptosis and inhibition of mitophagy in the more resistant cells. In addition, auranofin treatment sensitized the more resistant pancreatic cancer xenografts to cyst(e)inase without systemic toxicity. These data provide strong rationale to further investigate therapeutic strategies that target multiple antioxidant pathways for treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Requests for Communication Repair Produced by Typically Developing Preschool-Age Children
Authors: Julien Hannah M. , Finestack Lizbeth H. , Reichle Joe 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
When breakdowns in communication occur, children may request a repair to increase understanding of the message. Unrepaired communication breakdowns may cause confusions, limit conversational exchanges, and restrict children's learning opportunities. Relatively little is known regarding the conditions under which children produce repair requests. Thus, this study examined the verbal communication repair requests produced by typically developing children and evaluated the relationship between children's repair requests and performance on a theory of mind task.

Method
Participants included 25 typically developing 4-year-old children who completed standardized, norm-referenced assessments of their expressive language, receptive language, and IQ; a theory of mind task; and a shared book reading task. In the shared book reading task, the examiner elicited child repair requests using questions and statements that contained insufficient information.

Results

Participants produced a statistically significant greater number of repair requests when presented with questions with insufficient information compared to statements with insufficient information (
p
< .001). There were no differences in total repair requests between participants who passed or failed the theory of mind task (
p
= .45).

Conclusion
Among preschool-age children, the shared book reading task provided a naturalistic medium that facilitated the examination of children's repair requests. Results from this study provide baseline information to which the repair requests produced by other populations, such as children with autism spectrum disorder, can be compared.
Computer Vision Technology in the Differential Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome
Authors: Popp Kathrin Hannah , Kosilek Robert Philipp , Frohner Richard , Stalla Günther Karl , Athanasoulia-Kaspar AnastasiaP. , Berr ChristinaM. , Zopp Stephanie , Reincke Martin , Witt Matthias , Würtz Rolf P , Deutschbein Timo , Quinkler Marcus , Schneider Harald Jörn 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective Cushing’s syndrome is a rare disease characterized by clinical features that show morphological similarity with the metabolic syndrome. Distinguishing these diseases in clinical practice is challenging. We have previously shown that computer vision technology can be a potentially useful diagnostic tool in Cushing’s syndrome. In this follow-up study, we addressed the described problem by increasing the sample size and including controls matched by body mass index.
Methods We enrolled 82 patients (22 male, 60 female) and 98 control subjects (32 male, 66 female) matched by age, gender and body-mass-index. The control group consisted of patients with initially suspected, but biochemically excluded Cushing’s syndrome. Standardized frontal and profile facial digital photographs were acquired. The images were analyzed using specialized computer vision and classification software. A grid of nodes was semi-automatically placed on disease-relevant facial structures for analysis of texture and geometry. Classification accuracy was calculated using a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure with a maximum likelihood classifier.
Results The overall correct classification rates were 10/22 (45.5%) for male patients and 26/32 (81.3%) for male controls, and 34/60 (56.7%) for female patients and 43/66 (65.2%) for female controls. In subgroup analyses, correct classification rates were higher for iatrogenic than for endogenous Cushing’s syndrome.
Conclusion Regarding the advanced problem of detecting Cushing’s syndrome within a study sample matched by body mass index, we found moderate classification accuracy by facial image analysis. Classification accuracy is most likely higher in a larger sample with healthy control subjects. Further studies might pursue a more advanced analysis and classification algorithm.
Clinical Decision Making in Patients with Stroke-Related Dysphagia
Authors: Felix Cecilia C. , Joseph Megan E. , Daniels Stephanie K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article aims to highlight stroke considerations in the evaluation and management of dysphagia. Although dysphagia was previously thought to occur only following brainstem or bilateral cortical strokes, the development of brain imaging and dynamic swallowing studies has revealed small, unilateral supratentorial strokes can produce dysphagia. In this article, screening, evaluation, and management of dysphagia are outlined, as well as the clinical decision making that occurs when taking into account cognitive and communication deficits that may be present. For the clinical swallow examination, chart review, interview, informal evaluation of cognition and communication, observation of posture, oral cavity inspection, cranial nerve examination, and the direct swallowing assessment are reviewed along with tailoring of each according to the deficits observed. Specific compensation and rehabilitation strategies are discussed along with how cognitive and communication deficits can guide the clinician's decision-making process to select an appropriate plan of care. A case study is provided to synthesize the process into a real-world scenario.
Presbyphagia to Dysphagia: Multiple Perspectives and Strategies for Quality Care of Older Adults
Authors: Namasivayam-MacDonald Ashwini M. , Riquelme Luis F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aging population is rapidly growing, requiring speech–language pathologists to better manage a caseload that includes older adults who have a variety of needs. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the current available evidence that will allow speech–language pathologists to make informed clinical decisions when working with older adults. To facilitate this, this article first establishes an understanding of both normal and disordered swallowing physiology in older adults, including how to differentiate between functional changes to swallowing (presbyphagia) and dysphagia. Other important factors to consider, such as caregiver burden, are also discussed so that clinicians can learn how to best support aging in place. Best practices for screening both community-dwelling older adults and residents of long-term care are identified as part of a framework introduced to guide decision making. The critical components of clinical swallow assessments are reviewed, including the adoption of an ethnographic approach and why nutritional status, urinary tract infections, and delirium are important considerations when working with older adults. Factors contributing to, and associated with, aspiration and aspiration pneumonia are also discussed so that clinicians better understand how to take a comprehensive approach to care, as well as consider the impact and influence of a temporary dysphagia versus a more chronic presentation. Finally, the evidence for management of dysphagia in this specialized population is reviewed, highlighting the importance of identifying physiological deficits, feedback, and taking a multidisciplinary approach to care.
Combined Treatments in Liver Ablations
Authors: Bargellini Irene , Rossi Piercarlo , Crocetti Laura , Lorenzoni Giulia , Bozzi Elena , Lunardi Alessandro , Cioni Roberto 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPercutaneous ablation is a curative treatment indicated in very early and early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Procedural success remains disappointing in lesions ≥3.0 cm and located in subcapsular and perivascular areas. To overcome these limitations, combination treatments have been proposed. The combination of ablation and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is widely adopted in clinical practice and may improve survival, particularly in patients with single nodules 3 to 5 cm in size. However, technical issues and clinical indications are still debated. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may also be combined with percutaneous ethanol injection to improve local tumor control; limited data show safety and efficacy of this option. The combination of ablation and systemic treatments is still debated. Intravenous injection of thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin in association with prolonged RFA is under investigation in patients with single lesions < 7 cm. While there is no indication for the use of systemic drugs (specifically sorafenib) in the adjuvant setting, the observation that RFA is able to activate inflammatory reactions has raised interest in the possibility of combining RFA with the new immuno-oncology drugs, for local and distant tumor control. Thus ablation would no longer be reserved only to early HCC but could be exploited also in more advanced stages.
Long Bone Fractures in Impala (Aepyceros melampus): A Classification System and Review of 55 Cases
Authors: van Heerden Frans G. , Kirberger Robert M. , Hartman Marthinus J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to introduce a modified-Unger fracture classification in impala and report the findings of 58 long bone fractures classified according to this system.
Methods This was a retrospective radiographical study evaluating 122 radiographs of 58 long bone fractures in 55 impala. The Unger fracture classification was modified and fracture illustrations for the metacarpal and metatarsal bones added. Each fracture was classified and assigned a four symbol α-numeric code using our classification. The patient signalment, skeletal maturity, fracture-associated soft tissue changes, presence of fissure lines, periosteal reaction and cause of the fracture were recorded.
Results The overall fracture distribution based on location, found tibial (n = 17) fractures to be the most common fractured long bone. When combined, the majority of fractures involved the metacarpal and metatarsal bones (n = 23). Forty five of 58 fractures occurred in the diaphyseal bone segment. In all long bones, the distribution based on complexity was simple (n = 27), wedge (n = 16) and multi-fragmentary (n = 15) fractures. Thirty one of 58 fractures were open and fissure lines were detected in 20 of 58 fractures.
Clinical Significance Our modified-Unger fracture classification was applicable in classifying 58 impala long bone fractures. This classification should provide the basis for further advances in veterinary and comparative ungulates, and particularly the antelopes, orthopaedics and traumatology.
Influence of a slow‐start on overall performance and running kinematics during 6‐h ultramarathon races
Authors: Matta Guilherme G. , Bossi Arthur H. , Millet Guillaume Y. , Lima Pedro , de Lima Jorge P. , Hopker James G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the pacing during a 6‐h ultramarathon (race 1) and to investigate whether a slow‐start affects performance, running kinematic changes, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and fatigue (ROF) (race 2). After a critical speed test, participants completed two 6‐h ultramarathons. Race 1 (n = 16) was self‐paced, whereas in race 2 (n = 10), athletes performed the initial 36 min at speeds 18% below the mean speed of the initial 36 min of race 1. In race 1, participants adopted an inverse sigmoid pacing. Contact times increased after 1 h, and flight times decreased after 30 min (all P ≤ .009); stride length reduced after 1 h 30 min (all P = .022), and stride frequency did not change. Despite the lower speeds during the first 10% of race 2, and higher speeds at 50% and 90%, performance remained unchanged (57.5 ± 10.2 vs. 56.3 ± 8.5 km; P = .298). However, RPE and ROF were lowered for most of race 2 duration (all P < .001). For the comparison of kinematic variables between races, data were normalised by absolute running speed at each time point from 1 h onwards. No differences were found for any of the kinematic variables. In conclusion, decreasing initial speed minimises RPE and ROF, but does not necessarily affect performance. In addition, running kinematic changes do not seem to be affected by pacing manipulation.
An Analysis of FPGA Hardware Platform Based Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Wibowo F W 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The artificial neural networks (ANN) algorithm is a mathematical model of a network by applying neurons and usually, it is represented as a directed graph with vertexes and edges. This algorithm is a paradigm of information processing to describe arbitrary functions and inspired by the biological nervous systems. This algorithm can learn a non-linearly separated set of outputs. A much software-based application has implemented this algorithm but the challenge in the hardware-based is still possible to do in mapping the output into binary values. This paper addressed on the platform of the hardware-based the ANN algorithm. The field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is closely related to this platform. The FPGAs have achieved a successful penetration in different multi-disciplinary domains.
Identical Instruments Detection using Least Mean Square Based Adaptive Filter
Authors: Sa’adah M , Wulandari D P , Suprapto Y K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Gamelan is one of Indonesian traditional music instrument. It have variations in terms of fundamental frequency, amplitude, and signal envelope, due to its handmade construction and playing style. When playing gamelan instruments, many identical music is played simultaneously. Detection of identical instruments are needed to indicate the changes of Gamelan features. We can find how many identical instruments are played at the same time or separated by very short time. We applied Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive filter to detect identical instruments. The reference signal can have a fundamental frequency shift from the original signal to 10 Hz. The synthetic saron signal is used as reference signal. The performance can separate the identical instruments in 0.03 ms.
National Government Agency’s Compliance on Data Privacy Act of 2012 a Case Study
Authors: Pitogo V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Republic Act (RA) No. 10173 of the Philippines, or also known as “Data Privacy Act of 2012” (DPA of 2012) was established to protect and to safeguard the individual personal data in an information and communications systems within the government and the private sector while keeping the fundamental human right to privacy of communication. The creation of the National Privacy Commission (NPC) as an independent body mandated to administer the DPA of 2012; to monitor and to ensure compliance with privacy, and to provide proper data protection procedures. This empirical qualitative research using case study approach aims to discover and describe why and how the country’s frontline agency (
Agency A
) complies with DPA of 2012. This paper also seeks to determine the challenges and better practices encountered by the agency relative to compliance and how far the level of commitment does
Agency A
has taken on. Results further showed that
Agency A
is Partially Compliant with the Act. It also encountered some challenges such as (a) lack of awareness, (b) wait-and-see attitude, and (c) time and resource constraints. Determinants of compliance like: (i) general deterrence, (ii) legitimacy of regulations, and (iii) reputation and publication had a compelling casual factor why it has conformed to the law. It is further recommended to conduct a follow-up study once the recent Information Systems Strategic Plan (ISSP) is available, vis-a-vis to March 8, 2018, extended deadline.