bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Nonvolatile Memories with Hydroxyl‐Rich Polymer Materials as Functional Gate Dielectrics
Authors: Xu Ting , Zou Jiawei , Guo Shuxu , Qi Weihao , Li Shizhang , Xu Meili , Xie Wenfa , Cui Zhanchen , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOrganic field‐effect transistor‐ (OFET‐) based nonvolatile memories (NVMs) are becoming more important as a core component in flexible and wearable electronics. New polymer materials containing abundant hydroxyl groups are synthesized and employed as the functional gate dielectric for OFET‐NVM devices. The dependence of the memory performances on the hydroxyl content of the polymers is investigated. A variety of gate dielectric structures are proposed to verify that the memory mechanism originates from the reversible remnant polarization of hydroxyl groups in the polymers and to improve the retention capability of the OFET‐NVM devices by preventing the charge trapping in the polymers at the reading state. As a result, good memory performance is achieved with a large memory window of 33.7 V and memory on/off ratio of 1.1 × 104 on average, long retention properties with clearly distinguishable binary states over 10 000 s, and reliable writing/erasing switching endurance over 200 cycles in the optimal OFET‐NVM device, in which the polymer with the most hydroxyl content is sandwiched by two insulator films. Good strategies for the design of the polarizable polymers as the functional gate dielectrics and for improvement of OFET‐NVM device performance are demonstrated.
Tailoring Triple‐Anion Perovskite Material for Indoor Light Harvesting with Restrained Halide Segregation and Record High Efficiency Beyond 36%
Authors: Cheng Rui , Chung Chih‐Chun , Zhang Hong , Liu Fangzhou , Wang Wei‐Ting , Zhou Zhiwen , Wang Sijia , Djurišić Aleksandra B. , Feng Shien‐Ping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIndoor photovoltaics are promising to enable self‐powered electronic devices for the Internet of Things. Here, reported is a triple‐anion CH3NH3PbI2−xBrClx perovskite film, of which the bandgap is specially designed for indoor light harvesting to achieve a record high efficiency of 36.2% with distinctive high open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.028 V under standard 1000 lux fluorescent light. The involvement of both bromide and chloride suppresses the trap‐states and nonradiative recombination loss, exhibiting a remarkable ideality factor of 1.097. The introduction of chloride successfully restrains the halide segregation of iodide and bromide, stabilizing the triple‐anion perovskite film. The devices show an excellent long‐term performance, sustaining over 95% of original efficiency under continuous light soaking over 2000 h. These findings show the importance and potential of I/Br/Cl triple‐anion perovskite with tailored bandgap and suppressed trap‐states in stable and efficient indoor light recycling.
Incorporating Sex and Gender‐based Medical Education Into Residency Curricula
Authors: McGregor Alyson J. , Greenberg Marna Rayl , Barron Rebecca , Walter Lauren A. , Wolfe Jeannette , Deutsch Ashley L. , Johnson Steven A. , Robinett Derek A. , Beauchamp Gillian A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundEmergency medicine (EM) residents do not generally receive sex‐ and gender‐specific education. There will be increasing attention to this gap as undergraduate medical education integrates it within their curriculum.MethodologyMembers of the Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine (SGEM) Interest Group set out to develop a SGEM toolkit and pilot integrating developed components at multiple residency sites. The curriculum initiative involved a pre‐ and posttraining assessment that included basic demographics and queries regarding previous training in sex‐/gender‐based medicine (SGBM). It was administered to PGY‐1 to ‐4 residents who participated in a 3‐hour training session that included one small group case‐based discussion, two oral board cases, and one simulation and group debriefing.AnalysisComponents of the developed toolkit (https://www.sexandgenderhealth.org) were implemented at four unique SGEM Interest Group member residency programs. Residents (n = 82/174, 47%) participated; 64% (n = 49) were male and 36% (n = 28) were female. Twenty‐six percent (n = 21) of the residents reported that they had less than 1 hour of training in this domain during residency; 59% (n = 48) reported they had 1 to 6 hours and 16% (n = 13) reported they had >6 hours. The average preassessment score was 61% and postassessment was 88%. After training, 74% (n = 60) felt that their current practice would have benefited from further training in sex‐/gender‐based topics in medicine during medical school and 83% (n = 67) felt their clinical practice would have benefited from further training in this domain during residency.ImplicationsThe majority of EM residents who participated in this training program reported that they had limited instruction in this domain in medical school or residency. This initiative demonstrated a method that can be emulated for the incorporation of SGBM educational components into an EM residency training educational day. After training, the majority of residents who participated felt that their current practice would have benefited from further training in sex‐ and gender‐based topics in residency.
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita definition: Update using an international consensus‐based approach
Authors: Cachecho Sarah , Elfassy Caroline , Hamdy Reggie , Rosenbaum Peter , Dahan‐Oliel Noémi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractArthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) has been described and defined in thousands of articles, but the terminology used has been inconsistent. Some have described it as a diagnosis or syndrome, others as a term or clinical finding. This lack of common language can lead to confusion in clinical and research communities. The aim of this study was to develop a consensus‐based definition for AMC using international expert opinion. A consensus‐based definition will help harmonize research and clinical endeavors and will facilitate communication among families, clinicians, and researchers. This article describes the methodology used leading to a proposed definition of AMC. First, a literature review was conducted to identify AMC definitions used in included studies. The most commonly used words in the definitions were extracted. Second, a group of eight experts in AMC was selected to identify elements considered critically important to the definition of AMC. Third, based on these critical elements and the literature review, a definition was drafted by the research team. Fourth, a modified Delphi consensus process was conducted using electronic surveys with 25 experts in the field of AMC from eight countries. Survey results were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively and drafts were modified accordingly. Three rounds of surveys were completed until consensus was reached on a definition of AMC. An annotation of this definition, developed by a panel of international experts, is provided in a separate manuscript in this special issue.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Trifluoromethylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐Ones under Photocatalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Wang Jiayang , Sun Bin , Zhang Liang , Xu Tengwei , Xie Yuanyuan , Jin Can 
Published: August 2019

AbstractC−H trifluoromethylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with commercially available sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate (CF3SO2Na) under visible light irradiation without any external photocatalyst has been developed, providing a variety of 3‐trifluoromethylquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones in moderate to excellent yield. Mechanistic studies have shown that 1O2 coexists with O2.− through the energy transfer and single‐electron transfer processes during the photoredox reaction.
SnS Nanosheets for 105th Harmonic Soliton Molecule Generation
Authors: Feng Jiangjiang , Li Xiaohui , Qyyum Abdual , Zhang Ying , Zheng Chuang , Wang Yamin , Liu Jie , Lu Jiangbo , Zhu Gangqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs a member of the 2D group IV monochalcogenides (MX; M = Sn, Ge; X = S, Se), SnS has attracted great interest due to its outstanding optical, electrical, and optoelectronic properties. Especially, SnS nanosheets material have a large absorption coefficient and high photoelectric conversion efficiency, it can be potentially used in optical modulators, saturable absorbers, solar cells, supercapacitors, and other optical devices. However, the nonlinear optical properties of SnS nanosheets and their applications in ultrafast photonics are seldom studied. In this paper, the nonlinear optical properties of SnS nanosheets have been characterized through a dual‐balance detection system, whose modulation depth is 5.8%. More importantly, 105th harmonic soliton molecule based on SnS saturable absorbers has been realized for the first time to the authors’ knowledge. A compact mode‐locked fiber laser with a pulse duration of 1.02 ps and a repetition rate of 459 MHz is realized near 1.5 µm. It is demonstrated that SnS nanosheets have outstanding nonlinear properties and play an extremely important role in the field of ultrafast photonics.
Discovery of the Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor Pipinib that Targets PI4KIIIß
Authors: Kremer Lea , Hennes Elisabeth , Brause Alexandra , Ursu Andrei , Robke Lucas , Matsubayashi Hideaki T. , Nihongaki Yuta , Flegel Jana , Mejdrová Ivana , Eickhoff Jan , Baumann Matthias , Nencka Radim , Janning Petra , Kordes Susanne , Schöler Hans R. , Sterneckert Jared , Inoue Takanari , Ziegler Slava , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is crucial for vertebrate embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Hh signaling is upregulated in basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma and Hh pathway inhibitors targeting the Smoothened (SMO) protein are in clinical use. However, the signaling cascade is incompletely understood and novel druggable proteins in the pathway are in high demand. We describe the discovery of the Hh‐pathway modulator Pipinib by means of cell‐based screening. Target identification and validation revealed that Pipinib selectively inhibits phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase IIIβ (PI4KB) and suppresses GLI‐mediated transcription and Hh target gene expression by impairing SMO translocation to the cilium. Therefore, inhibition of PI4KB and, consequently, reduction in phosphatidyl‐4‐phosphate levels may be considered an alternative approach to inhibit SMO function and thus, Hedgehog signaling.
Mechanomagnetics in Elastic Crystals: Insights from [Cu(acac)2]
Authors: Kenny Elise P. , Jacko Anthony C. , Powell Ben J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe predict that the magnetic properties of [Cu(acac)2], an elastically flexible crystal, change drastically when the crystal is bent. It is found that unbent [Cu(acac)2] is an almost perfect Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid. Broken‐symmetry density‐functional calculations reveal that the magnetic exchange interactions along the chains are an order of magnitude larger than the interchain exchange. The geometrically frustrated interchain interactions cannot magnetically order the material at any experimentally accessible temperature. The ordering temperature (TN), calculated from the chain‐random‐phase approximation, increases by 24 orders of magnitude when the material is bent. We demonstrate that geometric frustration both suppresses TN and enhances the sensitivity of TN to bending. In [Cu(acac)2], TN is extremely sensitive to bending but remains too low for practical applications, even when bent. Partially frustrated materials could achieve the balance of high TN and good sensitivity to bending required for practical applications of mechanomagnetic elastic crystals.
Exploring Lead‐Free Hybrid Double Perovskite Crystals of (BA)2CsAgBiBr7 with Large Mobility‐Lifetime Product toward X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Xu Zhiyun , Liu Xin , Li Yaobin , Liu Xitao , Yang Tao , Ji Chengmin , Han Shiguo , Xu Yadong , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHalide double perovskites have recently bloomed as the green candidates for optoelectronic applications, such as X‐ray detection. Despite great efforts, the exploration of promising organic–inorganic hybrid double perovskites toward X‐ray detection remains unsuccessful. Now, single crystals of the lead‐free hybrid double perovskite, (BA)2CsAgBiBr7 (BA+ is n‐butylammonium), featuring the unique 2D multilayered quantum‐confined motif, enable quite large μτ (mobility‐lifetime) product up to 1.21×10−3 cm2 V−1. This figure‐of‐merit realized in 2D hybrid double perovskites is unprecedented and comparable with that of CH3NH3PbI3 wafers. (BA)2CsAgBiBr7 crystals also exhibit other intriguing attributes for X‐ray detection, including high bulk resistivity, low density of defects and traps, and large X‐ray attenuation coefficient. Consequently, a vertical‐structure crystal device under X‐ray source yields a superior sensitivity of 4.2 μC Gyair−1 cm−2.
Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction with a Rhenium Organometallic Redox Mediator at Semiconductor/Aqueous Liquid Junction Interfaces
Authors: Chae Sang Youn , Choi Ja Youn , Kim Yoolim , Le Tri Nguyen Dang , Joo Oh‐Shim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractElectrochemical and photoelectrochemical CO2 reductions were carried out with Re(bh‐bipy)(CO)3(OH2) cocatalysts in aqueous electrolytes. Competition between hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction was observed under (photo)electrochemical conditions for both glassy carbon and CuInS2 electrodes. The partial current density for CO generation is limited even though the additional potential is applied. However, electrochemical hydrogen evolution was suppressed under photoelectrochemical conditions, and the selectivity and partial current density for CO were considerably increased when compared to the electrochemical reduction in an identical electrode/electrolyte system. This finding may provide insights into using semiconductor/liquid junctions for solar fuel devices to overcome the limitations of electrolysis systems with an external bias.
Intercalated Iridium Diselenide Electrocatalysts for Efficient pH‐Universal Water Splitting
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Shang Chunyan , He Zhihai , Wang Xinyi , Cao Cong , Li Hongliang , Si Rui , Pan Bicai , Zhou Shiming , Zeng Jie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeveloping bifunctional catalysts for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions is a promising approach to the practical implementation of electrocatalytic water splitting. However, most of the reported bifunctional catalysts are only applicable to alkaline electrolyzer, although a few are effective in acidic or neutral media that appeals more to industrial applications. Here, a lithium‐intercalated iridium diselenide (Li‐IrSe2) is developed that outperformed other reported catalysts toward overall water splitting in both acidic and neutral environments. Li intercalation activated the inert pristine IrSe2 via bringing high porosities and abundant Se vacancies for efficient hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. When Li‐IrSe2 was assembled into two‐electrode electrolyzers for overall water splitting, the cell voltages at 10 mA cm−2 were 1.44 and 1.50 V under pH 0 and 7, respectively, being record‐low values in both conditions.
Dinuclear Metal‐ProPhenol Catalysts: Development and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Hung Chao‐I (Joey) , Mata Guillaume 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe ProPhenol ligand is a member of the chiral aza‐crown family that spontaneously forms a bimetallic complex upon treatment with alkyl metal reagents, such as Et2Zn and Bu2Mg. The resulting complex features Lewis acidic and Brønsted basic sites, enabling simultaneous activation of both nucleophile and electrophile in the same chiral environment. Since the initial report in 2000, metal‐ProPhenol catalysts have been used to facilitate a broad range of asymmetric transformations, including aldol, Mannich, and Henry reactions, as well as alkynylations and conjugation additions. By promoting such a diverse array of reactions, these complexes provide rapid and atom‐economical access to valuable complex building blocks. In this Review, we describe in detail the development and synthetic applications of these versatile catalysts with a special focus on recent efforts to improve reactivity and selectivity through ligand design and structural modification.
Bis‐aroylhydrazone based on 2,2′‐bis substituted diphenylamine for synthesis of new binuclear organotin (IV) complexes: Spectroscopic characterization, crystal structures, in vitro DNA‐binding, plasmid DNA cleavage, PCR and cytotoxicity against MCF7 cell line
Authors: Yousefi Maryam , Sedaghat Tahereh , Simpson Jim , Shafiei Mohammad 
Published: August 2019

New dinuclear organotin (IV) complexes, Me4Sn2L, Ph4Sn2L and Bu4Sn2L, have been synthesized from reaction of R2SnCl2 (R = Me, Ph and Bu) with a 2,2′‐bis‐substituted diphenylamine arοylidene hydrazone, H4L. The synthesized compounds were investigated by elemental analysis and infrared, 1H‐NMR and 119Sn‐NMR spectroscopy. The structures of H4L, Me4Sn2L and Bu4Sn2L were also confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. H4L molecules adopt (E)‐configuration and keto‐tautomeric form in the solid state. In all complexes, the bis‐hydrazone acts as a tetra‐anionic ligand with two contiguous ONO tridentate domains that coordinate the two R2Sn moieties in the enolate form. The coordination environments of both tin centers are five‐coordinate. DNA‐binding studies were performed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, and the results indicate that the synthesized compounds significantly interact with calf thymus‐DNA in the intercalative mode. The results of polymerase chain reaction assay show that all the compounds affect on amplification of DNA, and complexes are more effective than ligands. The in vitro cytotoxicity against the human breast cancer line (MCF7) was determined using the MTT assay, and H4L and the dibutytin complex showed higher activity.
Ultra‐low‐loading palladium nanoparticles stabilized on nanocrystalline Polyaniline (Pd@PANI): A efficient, green, and recyclable catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes
Authors: Wang Gang , Yuan Shuo , Wu Zhiqiang , Liu Wanyi , Zhan Haijuan , Liang Yanping , Chen Xiaoyan , Ma Baojun , Bi Shuxian 
Published: August 2019

Ultra‐low‐loading Pd@PANI nanocomposites (0.048 w.t% Pd) were synthesized via a method that combined interfacial polymerization and in situ composite with camphor sulfonic acid ((+)‐CSA) as a dopant. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to characterize the structures. It can be used as an efficient catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes in aqueous solution by using a smaller amount of NaBH4 (2.5 equiv.) at room temperature with high activity (TON = 3.4 × 103), good stability (cycled eight times), as well as wide applicability (27 substrates). The catalyst also showed a marvelous activity in the gram‐level reaction (yield = 92%). UV–Visible spectrophotometry was used to investigate the reaction kinetics for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol, and the results reconfirmed the excellent performance of the catalyst. The unique properties and superior performance of the prepared ultra‐low‐loading Pd@PANI nanocomposites lead it be an attractive alternative catalyst for conventional organic catalytic applications.
Taxonomic and geographical representation of freshwater environmental DNA research in aquatic conservation
Authors: Belle Christina C. , Stoeckle Bernhard C. , Geist Juergen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Freshwater macro‐organismic environmental DNA (eDNA) is gaining increasing popularity in detecting invasive species, assessing community assemblages, and in mapping the distribution of taxa that are rare or otherwise difficult to monitor. The objectives of this article are to review the targets of published freshwater eDNA research in relation to aquatic conservation with a focus on geographic regions covered, as well as the habitats and species investigated.
The analysis of 272 peer‐reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2018 revealed that 57% of the 238 primary research papers have a focus on conservation science, mostly addressing invasive and endangered species, followed by 23% papers investigating methodological developments and 11% biodiversity surveys also using eDNA metabarcoding. A strong geographical pattern emerged, with Africa, South America, and the tropics being under‐represented. Taxonomic coverage was dominated by 123 fish species, followed by 29 amphibian and 28 mollusc species. Freshwater arthropods (27 taxa) were under‐represented in relation to their estimated species richness.
Taxonomic bias towards certain species such as fishes observed in freshwater eDNA research is pervasive in biodiversity research and conservation sciences, and thus is not surprising. Geographical representation was biased, with a few industrialized countries from the Northern Hemisphere contributing 72% of the studies. Both findings parallel biases known from other research areas, such as marine eDNA analysis, taxonomy, or invasion biology.
The application of eDNA in freshwater conservation will benefit from the development of general standards and guidelines that are necessary to integrate freshwater macrobial eDNA techniques in existing monitoring frameworks. To aid future freshwater conservation, our suggestions are to harmonize eDNA methods for comparable and easier implementation worldwide, and to increase international cooperation and funding for under‐represented geographical regions and neglected taxa. This is especially crucial for the known biodiversity hotspots in developing countries where rapid changes occur to freshwater habitats and biodiversity.
Developing molecular diagnostics for detection of red imported fire ants using two genes, Sinv11108 and Sinv11977
Authors: Kim Ji‐Hye , Park Youngjin , Kim Woo Jin , Kim A‐Young , Nguyen Phuong , Lyu Dong Pyo , Lee Heung Sik , Koh Young Ho 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAggressive red imported fire ants (RIFAs) are expanding their habitat due to active international trade and global warming. To prevent infestation and settlement, RIFAs must be removed during the quarantine process. Because RIFAs are social insects and have different morphological characteristics depending on their castes, non‐ant taxonomists have difficulty confirming RIFAs based on their morphological characteristics alone. The disadvantages of previously reported RIFA molecular diagnostics are that they require additional steps, such as restriction enzyme digestion followed by agarose gel electrophoresis separation or DNA sequence verification for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplified products. To overcome these drawbacks, two RIFA‐specific genes were selected and used to develop diverse PCR‐based RIFA molecular diagnostic techniques. We found that RIFAs could be confirmed by conventional PCR targeting of two RIFA‐specific genes followed by agarose electrophoresis separation. In addition, TaqMan probe real‐time PCR methods had the advantage of confirming RIFAs immediately after the reactions were completed by observing fluorescence indexes. Finally, multiplex PCRs enhanced RIFA specificity and sensitivity. The new molecular diagnostic methods developed in this study had the advantages of reducing false positive and negative results together with high specificity and sensitivity for RIFAs.