bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Nutrisi pada Produksi dan Karakterisasi Protease dari Bakteri Termofilik Isolat LS-1 Lumpur Sidoarjo
Authors: Poernomo Achmad Toto , Isnaeni Isnaeni , Agus Djoko , Dewi Ayu Chandra , Suryagama Digdo 
Published: January 2019

Pendahuluan: Telah dilakukan produksi protease dari bakteri termofilik isolat LS-1 yang dikulturkan dalam media cair mengandung natrium sitrat. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum produksi protease pada isolat bakteri termofilik lumpur Sidoarjo. Metode: Produksi protease dilakukan pada berbagai waktu, sumber karbon dan nitrogen. Karakterisasi protease dilakukan dengan menggunakan substrat azokasein dengan pengaruh berbagai suhu, pH dan pengaruh ion logam. Hasil: Produk enzim mencapai maksimum pada 10 jam dengan aktivitas 1,85U/mg protein. Beberapa sumber karbon yang dibutuhkan untuk produksi protease dalam penelitian ini telah dioptimasi. Amilum adalah substrat terbaik, diikuti oleh natrium sitrat, asam sitrat dan sukrosa. Di antara berbagai sumber nitrogen organik dan anorganik NH4NO3 telah diketahui yang terbaik. Studi karakterisasi protease yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan suhu optimum pada 60ºC. Enzim stabil selama 2 jam pada suhu 30ºC, sementara pada suhu 40ºC dan 80ºC, menurun masing masing 16% dan 86% dari aktivitas awal. Pencapaian pH optimum enzim diketahui 8,0. Setelah larutan enzim kasar dinkubasi selama 24 jam pada pH 5,5, 8,0 dan 9,0, terjadi penurunan sekitar masing-masing 49%, 15% dan 63% dari aktivitas sebelumnya. Pengaruh K+, Hg2+ dan Cu2+ pada konsentrasi 1mM sebagai inhibitor kuat sehingga mengakibatkan hilangnya aktivitas. Ion yang berkontribusi mempengaruhi aktivitas adalah Mn2+ dan Ca2+, yang menunjukkan bahwa ion ini memiliki peran fungsional dalam struktur molekul enzim. Kesimpulan: Produksi protease optimum oleh bakteri termofilik isolat LS-1 pada waktu 10 jam. Amilum adalah substrat terbaik untuk produksi protease. Suhu dan temperatur optimum aktivitas protease masing masing pada suhu 60ºC dan pH 8,0. Aktivitas Protease dipengaruhi oleh ion logam Mn2+ dan Ca2+.
THE RENTS OF THE DEAD: GROWTH AND ENTROPY IN AFRICAN CITIES
Authors: Brennan James R. 
Published: January 2019

This article considers recent literature on contemporary urbanization in Africa that is united in its ‘post-normative’ orientation toward its subject, firmly discarding the ‘expectations’ of modernization that so deeply shaped twentieth-century research on African cities. Best typified by the work of urban anthropologists such as Abdoumaliq Simone, this scholarship instead focuses on the ‘vernacularization’ of urban structures and strategies in Africa. While such work has developed a host of new insights into the idiosyncratic nature of African urbanization, it has largely eschewed any comparative analysis of enduring economic strategies that lie at the heart of the massive growth of African cities. By focusing on the longer-term historical role of such processes – namely urban rents and urban price regulations - this article suggests that a more comparative framework can be generated for the study of urban Africa that still accounts for and partially explains the otherwise seemingly hyper-local and idiosyncratic forms of urban livelihoods and strategies. It also briefly reflects on notable trends in the five years since its original publication in 2013.
KEYWORDS: URBAN HISTORY, URBANIZATION, CONSUMPTION, RENT, PRICE CONTROLS
THE ROLE OF TREE DOMESTICATION IN GREEN MARKET PRODUCT VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA
Authors: Van Damme Patrick 
Published: January 2019

Internationally, there is increasing interest in acquiring ‘green’ market, organic and/or fair trade products, also sourced from the wild. The latter is expected to come from well-managed (forest) systems. This has led to the development and implementation of programmes designed to reduce deforestation and forest degradation (for mitigation of climate change, and sustainable provision of environmental goods and services) (REDD and REDD+). Crucially, this approach needs to be extended to the many poor, hungry and marginalized smallholder farmers in developing countries so that they can benefit from this increased market interest, but also to allow them to improve their natural resource (management) basis. In this context, agroforestry tree domestication has made considerable progress in the last 20 years, especially in Africa, in providing planting materials of many new tree crops for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries and consumer markets across many agro-ecological zones. Tree domestication is an important element and the first necessary step in the development of sustainable tree production for introduction in agroforestry systems. These trees can then form the basis of Non-Timber Forest Production (NTFP) that can feed into livelihood development. In contrast to wild trees, planted trees can offer a more regular and continuous supply of NTFPs that then feed into local-to-global value chains and highly sophisticated markets that demand higher quality and greater uniformity. Together with research institutes, local farmers are now developing new, more performant cultivars of species of interest. They thus eventually help to create direct benefits from the processing and subsequent marketing of food and non-food products in local, regional and international markets. The latter activities also create business and employment opportunities in local cottage industries. Similarly, through the indirect environmental and ecological services provided by trees, food security can be greatly enhanced as agroforestry may improve the production environment of crops and thus close the yield gap (i.e. the difference between the potential and actual yield) of modern crop varieties. In this way, agroforestry adds income generation to agro-ecological approaches which together reverse the cycle of land degradation and social deprivation whilst at the same time transforming the lives of poor farmers. However, these benefits do not come without some risks: the loss of genetic diversity and local rights over genetic resources, and exploitation by unscrupulous entrepreneurs. Agroforestry developments should therefore focus on better access to ‘green’ business opportunities for poor smallholder farmers in Africa by maximizing the benefits and minimizing the risks.
KEYWORDS: AGROFORESTRY TREE PRODUCTS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; INDIGENOUS TREE SPECIES; LIVELIHOODS, REDD+
LA LITTÉRATURE MUSICALE CONGOLAISE: LA FÊTE DES MOTS
Authors: Yoka Lye M. 
Published: January 2019

Much has been written on modern Congolese music, particularly in terms of its history and sociology. However, there are no studies dedicated to the literary qualities of the song texts in stylistic, paremiological and thematic terms. In addition, when considering this body of music, the tenacious survival of oral traditions should be taken into account. Such traditions take in the vivid culture of the “eristic”, the art of dispute and energetic discussion, accompanied by satirical turns and more or less subversive circumlocutions.
Finally, assert that what “purist” critics consider as “para-literature” (a rather deprecating term) is literature both in terms of its thematic and formal concerns.
KEYWORDS: MUSICAL LITERATURE, ODYSSEY AND EPIC OF THE CONGOLESE RUMBA, TRANSPHRASTIC AND SYNTAGMATIC CHARACTERS, DISGUISE OF THEMATIC PROFFERED, PAREMIOLOGICAL REINVENTIONS
PERTUNJUKAN WAYANG KULIT PURWA LAKON “CUPU MANIK ASTAGINA” SEBAGAI MEDIA DAKWA
Authors: Mukti Muh 
Published: January 2019

This research tries to answer the following research questions: (1) how is the perfection of the purwa leather puppet performance entitled “Cupu Manik Astagina” as a sermon? (2) What lessons are taught? and (3) How are the lessons delivered through the leather puppet performance? This research is a descriptive-qualitative research. The data collecting technique was conducted through library research, observation and interview, and documentation. The research results show: (1) the perfection of the performance of purwa leather pupet entitled “Cupu Manik Astagina” as a sermon cannot be gained optimally as it only achieves the the targhiblevel, not the takhrujlevel. (2) The religious lessons given are those related to hablumminalllah (relationship with God), hablumminannaas(relationship among human beings), dan hablumminal ‘alm(relationship with nature). (3) The methods of delivering the religious lessons are methok, and medhang miring.
PROSES KREATIF PERUPA I MADE SUPENA
Authors: Suryawan I Gde 
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang (1) Biografi Supena, (2) Konsep karya Supena, (3) Proses kreatif Supena, (4) Periodisasi karya Supena, dan (5) aspek teks hingga konteks pada karya Supena. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan telaah dokumen terhadap proses kreatif I Made Supena. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. (1) Supena adalah salah satu perupa dari Singapadu, Bali. Ia berasal dari keluarga seniman. Ayahnya, I Ketut Muja, adalah seorang pematung. Kakaknya, I Wayan Jana, juga seorang pematung. Adiknya, I Ketut Sugantika, adalah seorang pelukis. Sementara itu iparnya, Ni Nyoman Sani, merupakan seorang pelukis. (2) Konsep karya Supena adalah menggali persoalan alam dan kehidupan untuk direpresentasikan secara formalistik. (3) Selain melukis Supena juga mengembangkan gagasannya dalam bentuk patung, instalasi, dan Performance Art. Sebagai seorang perupa Supena lebih memilih bekerja secara individual. (4) Priodisasi karya Supena adalah tradisional, formalistik, dan emosi. (5) Karya Supena dapat dibaca berdasarkan pendekatan teks yang menyangkut unsur-unsur seni rupa dan nilai estetis yang terkandung dalam karya, serta dapat pula dibaca konteksnya dengan menarik pemaknaan yang ada dibalik teks karya Supena.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA BERKONTEKS MULTIKULTURAL
Authors: Zulaeha Ida 
Published: January 2019

This study aims to produce a model of Indonesian language skill learning with multicultural contexts. It employed a research and development design and the tryout was conducted through action research. The model of multicultural learning integrated into the Indonesian language subject is divided into four stages, i.e. orientation/apperception, exploration, concept finding, and application. The model is supplemented by a learning package guide, a syllabus, lesson plans, learning materials, and evaluation. The model has a sequence consisting of six stages, i.e. orientation, hypothesis, definition, exploration, proof, and generalization. The model has been tried out in three schools in Central Java.
EKSPRESI TINDAK DIREKTIF DALAM INTERAKSI KELAS BENGKEL JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN POLITEKNIK NEGERI MALANG
Authors: Thamrin Moh 
Published: January 2019

This study was a qualitative study employing the pragmatic approach. Thesubjects comprised the lecturer and students of the workshop class in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the State Polytechnic of Malang. The data were ollected through observations. The researcher was the key instrument, equipped with observation guides and an electronic recorder. The data were analyzed using the interactive analysis model by Miles and Huberman in three steps: (1) data reduction, (2) data display, and (3) conclusion drawing or verification. The results show that lecturer-student directive acts in the workshop class interaction are dominated byimperative sentences more than declarative and interrogative sentences. Studentlecturer directive acts are dominated by interrogative sentences. The functions of lecturer-student directive acts are more varied than those of student-lecturer directive acts. The request function in the lecturer-student interaction is the most dominant function among other functions. In the student-lecturer interaction, the command function is more dominant than the request function.
The Future's Ecology
Authors: Perzyński Bogdan P.K. 
Published: January 2019

We collect data about our environment at an unprecedented scale and the surveillance of individuals on a global scale goes hand in hand with it. Global public surveillance has constricted human rights, human bodies, lives, work, and human relationships with others. Privacy as we know it has vanished de jure and de facto. To disappear from the grid – for instance to recover from privacy loss - is almost impossible. We live in a state of persistent surveillance and identity theft. Can one live outside of this kind of state system without becoming a criminal?
Drone On
Authors: Rappaport Mat 
Published: January 2019

Access and habituation are socio-cultural forces that have acted to domesticate the drone in contemporary society. Initially a military tool for surveillance, drones took on the role of munitions platforms providing a means to conduct military operations without physical risk to their operators. As the critiques and visibility of drones in our military and foreign policy grew, we began to witness artists engaging critically with the policies and impact these technologies have on redefining and controlling geographies and human bodies alike. Drone On revisits the 2015 Art2Drone catalog by v1b3:video in the built environemnt. This online exhibition and catalog features twenty art works and three critical essays.
Repensar la teoría del desarrollo
Authors: Guillén R. Arturo 
Published: January 2019

<p>Reseña al libro <em>“Repensar la teoría del desarrollo en un contexto de globalización. Homenaje a Celso Furtado”</em>, coordinado por Arturo Guillén y Gregorio Vidal, Ed. Clacso, libros - UAM - Red Celso Furtado, Argentina.</p>
Cajas de ahorro, bancarización e inestabilidad financiera
Authors: Girón Alicia , Cadena Victor 
Published: January 2019

<p>Las Cajas de Ahorro han sido instituciones financieras emblemáticas del sistema financiero español. A partir del impacto de la crisis en curso sobre las Cajas de Ahorro, el Banco de España las sometió a un proceso de intervención, lo que<strong> </strong>ha llevado a un proceso de concentración y centralización mediante fusiones para fortalecerse y mejorar sus estados contables, y, así, convertirse en entidades bancarias. La bancarización de las 45 Cajas de Ahorro ha sido la alternativa a la crisis financiera y económica en el sistema financiero español. Estas<strong> </strong>acciones han permitido una nueva reconfiguración del sector. Ante la profunda inestabilidad financiera por la que atraviesa el sistema financiero, y en particular las Cajas de Ahorro, la bancarización no resuelve el problema de origen.</p>
Consecuencias económicas de los tratados comerciales entre América Latina y Estados Unidos
Authors: Solorza Luna Marcia 
Published: January 2019

La proliferación de los Tratados Comerciales en América Latina se ha incrementado de manera notable respecto al promedio mundial. La mayor parte de tales tratados se han realizado con Estados Unidos, aunque no todos han sido ratificados. Este hecho ha también ha impulsado el crecimiento y consolidación de acuerdos comerciales entre los países latinoamericanos.
Influencias reciprocas: Una Historia de dos Bancos Centrales en el continente norteamericano
Authors: Lavoie Marc , Seccareccia Mario 
Published: January 2019

<p><strong>Resumen </strong></p><p>La historia del Banco de Canadá y el Sistema de la Reserva Federal (Fed) de Estados Unidos (US) está entrelazada no sólo por la proximidad geográfica, sino por la influencia recíproca en la forma en que han evolucionado sus estructuras para llevar a cabo la política monetaria. Mientras que ambos encuentran su origen en las crisis financieras, el entorno en el que fueron creados a principios del siglo XX fue diferente. Antes de la banca central, la estructura bancaria de US era descentralizada y susceptible a colapsos recurrentes, de manera que se necesitaba un prestamista de última instancia; mientras que el sistema bancario canadiense era oligopólico y altamente centralizado desde su creación. Durante la mayor parte del período de posguerra, el Banco de Canadá tendía a seguir políticas que generalmente se originaban al sur de la frontera con Canadá, pero en el último cuarto de siglo, el Banco de Canadá ha estado a la vanguardia de las innovaciones de las políticas monetarias, sobre todo en la búsqueda de reestructurar su sistema de política monetaria acorde con las líneas Wickselianas. Una historia detallada de estos cambios institucionales se aborda en este trabajo, incluyendo los recientes cambios que se han producido a raíz de la crisis financiera.<strong> </strong></p><p> </p>
Crypto-currencies, Speculation and the Evolution of Monetary Systems
Authors: Solimano Andres 
Published: January 2019

The development of new digital technologies in the areas of cryptography, distributed ledgers and mobile phones is affecting the way money is used for economic transactions. Electronic payments systems are rapidly replacing the use of cash. New powerful distributed ledger technologies, operated on a peer-to-peer decentralized basis is leading to the rapid expansion of digital money, with bitcoin being the most prominent digital currency (although there are more than one-thousand different crypto-currencies).
Barber Conable: A Tribute to His Contributions to Tax Law and Lessons for Tax Education
Authors: Simer Joshua L. , Flesher Tonya K. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Barber Conable, a U.S. congressman from New York, served for 20 years as a member of the House Ways and Means Committee. During that time, he actively participated in the tax legislative process and documented his experiences in newsletters, articles, speeches, and a book. Tax educators and their students, tax practitioners, and others interested in the legislative process and in tax policy can learn much from his writings. Conable provides explanations using terms that he coined such as the ABC Syndrome that illustrate how tax laws become complex. He describes the workings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the Ways and Means Committee and the role of party politics. A study of Barber Conable serves not only as a tribute to his public service, but also as a primer on the legislative process and tax policy that can enhance tax education.
Os arquivos da repressão no Brasil e no Cone Sul: uma análise historiográfica.
Authors: Fagundes Pedro Ernesto 
Published: January 2019

A abertura de arquivos, anteriormente fechados e classificados, após o fim das ditaduras militares na América do Sul, no início dos anos 1990, foi uma experiência notável para as pesquisas que trabalham neste campo. Nosso objetivo é pesquisar os impactos desses eventos na História do Tempo Presente.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN METODE BERMAIN PERAN TERHADAP ASPEK PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK
Authors: Nurjannah Laila , Zalyana Zalyana 
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode bermain peran terhadap aspek perkembangan sosial emosional anak kelompok B di Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) Pondok Pesantren Babussalam Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yang menggunakan one-group pretest-posttest design untuk mengetahui perbandingan sebelum dan sesudah diberi perlakuan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik usia 5-6 tahun kelompok B, dan objek penelitian adalah pengaruh metode bermain peran terhadap aspek perkembangan sosial emosional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah anak didik di TK Pondok Pesantren Babussalam Pekanbaru berjumlah 60 anak, dengan sampel berjumlah 20 anak yang terdiri dari kelas B1 yaitu kelas kontrol sebanyak 10 anak, dan B2 yaitu kelas eksperimen sebanyak 10 anak. Sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling, yaitu dengan penentuan sampel melalui pertimbangan tertentu. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan dokumentasi.Sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan uji t-test dengan menggunakan program SPSS Windows ver. 15. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa thitung =56,236 dengan Sig = 0,000. Karena nilai sig < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan setelah pemberian perlakuan dalam metode bermain peran. Jadi Ho ditolak Ha diterima yang berarti terdapat pengaruh sebelum dan sesudah diberi perlakuan terhadap perkembangan sosial emosional anak. Pengaruh metode bermain peran terhadap aspek perkembangan sosial emosional anak kelompok B di Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) Pondok Pesantren Babussalam Pekanbaru sebesar 92,17%.
PELATIHAN TEKNIK PARENTING OLEH RUMAH PARENTING BANDUNG
Authors: Nandang Mulyana , Zaenuddin Moch , Erlanti Mutiara Suci 
Published: January 2019

Abstrak Anak merupakan anugerah yang seharusnya mendapatkan pengasuhan yang baik dari orang tuanya. Dalam kenyataannya banyak perlakuan salah yang diterima oleh anak. Hal ini dikarenakan ketidaktahuan dari orang tua cara mengasuh yang baik dan benar. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut perlu kiranya ada pelatihan parenting bagi orang tua agar tidak melakukan perlakuan yang salah dalam mengasuh anak-anaknya.Pelatihan parenting yang dilakukan oleh Rumah Parenting sebagai salah satu solusi dalam mengatasi perlakuan yang salah dari orang tua dalam mengasuh anak-anaknya. Hasil pelatihan ini dimplemnetasikan dalam praktik pengasuhan anak. Terjadi perubahan yang dilakukan oleh orang tua dalam mengasuh anak setelah mengikuti pelatihan parenting di Rumah Parenting. Abstract Children are a gift that should get good care from their parents. In reality, many mistreatments are received by children. This is because of the ignorance of the parents about how to care for good and true. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to have parenting training for parents not to do the wrong treatment in caring for their children.Parenting training conducted by Parenting House as a solution to overcome the wrong treatment of parents in caring for their children. The results of this training are implemented in childcare practices. Changes made by parents in parenting after parenting training at the Parenting House have occurred.
MODEL KONSEPTUAL PENGEMBANGAN PERIKANAN TONGKOL DAN CAKALANG YANG DIDARATKAN DI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Syukhriani Silvy , Nurani Tri Wiji , Haluan John 
Published: January 2019

Kota Bengkulu merupakan salah satu kota pantai yang berada di bagian barat pulau Sumatera. Kota ini berbatasan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia dan memiliki potensi perikanan terutama untuk ikan tongkol dan cakalang. Sebanyak 5.818 ton ikan tongkol dan 2.031 ton ikan cakalang telah mendarat setiap tahun di PPP Pulau Baai Kota Bengkulu. Meski memiliki potensi ikan yang melimpah namun nelayan hanya bisa memanfaatkannya sebesar 48%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui permasalahan yang terjadi pada perikanan tongkol dan cakalang yang mendarat di Kota Bengkulu dan menciptakan model konseptual untuk memberikan solusi terkait permasalahan pada perikanan tongkol dan cakalang yang mendarat di kota Bengkulu. Analisis tersebut telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan Soft System Methodologi (SSM). Permasalahan yang ditemukan pada perikanan tongkol dan cakalang adalah fasilitas PPP Pulau Baai yang tidak cukup baik, DKP tidak dapat memberikan bantuan gratis kepada nelayan yang tepat, Syahbandar tidak dapat melakukan memantau dengan baik terhadap nelayan dan tidak ada industri tongkol dan cakalang di kota ini. Solusi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperbaiki fasilitas PPP Pulau Baai, target bantuan DKP yang lebih tepat, untuk mengaktifkan industri pengolahan auxis dan cakalang serta untuk meningkatkan kinerja syahbandar terkait dengan masa aktif izin penangkapan ikan.