bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial Hemolytic Anemia with Erythrocyte Inclusion Bodies and a Defect in Pigment Metabolism
Authors: SCHMID RUDI , BRECHER GEORGE , CLEMENS TED 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Two patients, a father and his only son, suffered from a severe congenital hemolytic syndrome, which was characterized by the presence of spontaneous inclusion bodies in erythrocytes and by the excretion of dark-brown pigments in the urine.
2. The inclusion bodies present in approximately one-third of the erythrocytes, were indistinguishable from Heinz-Ehrlich bodies. They occurred in reticulocytes and occasionally in normoblasts. In addition to these bodies, many erythrocytes contained basophilic stippling, siderocytic granules and rod-like structures. These morphologic abnormalities are believed to be the result of an inherited metabolic abnormality of the red cells.
3. The urinary pigments were found to have properties which were similar to mesobilifuscin. It is believed that these pigments possessed a dipyrrolic structure and were derived from erythrocyte catabolism.
4. Transfusion of the patient’s erythrocytes into a normal recipient resulted in rapid removal of the heterologous cells from the circulation and in excretion of similar dark pigments in the urine.
Refractory Anemia with Hyperplastic Bone Marrow
Authors: VILTER RICHARD W. , JARROLD THOMAS , WILL JOHN J. , MUELLER JOHN F. , FRIEDMAN BEN I. , HAWKINS VIRGINIA R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The hematologic syndrome called refractory anemia with hyperplastic bone marrow, aregenerative anemia, chronic bone marrow failure, pseudo-aplastic anemia, and many other terms, has been separated into five types on the basis of clinical and hematologic studies on 23 patients carried out over a period of 16 years. These groupings are probably highly artificial but are made to facilitate presentation and description. As more is learned of the chemistry of the bone marrow cells in patients with refractory anemia, a more satisfactory classification will be possible.
2. Type 1 is characterized by bizarre chromatin in the normoblasts, mast cell hyperplasia, hemosiderosis or hemochromatosis and a tendency for spontaneous remissions to occur.
3. Type 2 is at first typified by complete or almost complete erythroid aplasia. Hyperplasia of erythroid cells with maturation arrest and bizarre chromatin pattern may occur later, and finally spontaneous remission may appear with considerable frequency. Mast cell hyperplasia, thymoma and hemosiderosis have been noted.
4. Type 3, associated with exogenous toxins and the preleukemia state, is characterized by pancytopenia and a bizarre chromatin pattern in the normoblasts. Some of these patients may he classified as "DiGuglielmo syndrome."
5. Type 4 also is typified by pancytopenia and hyperplasia of bone marrow but with cells of normal appearance. These patients responded partially or completely when splenectomy was performed, and probably represent a variant of the "hypersplenism" syndrome.
6. Type 5 is refractory megaloblastic anemia with typical cytologic changes evident in all cell types similar to those found in pernicious anemia.
7. Hypotheses are proposed to explain these various types of anemia on the basis of abnormalities in the metabolism of nucleic acids, particularly DNA. Deficiencies of metabolites, inhibition of metabolic reactions by exogenous or endogenous toxins, or by immune mechanism in which DNA serves as haptene, are possible explanations.
In Vitro Studies on the Anemia of Tumor-Bearing Hamsters
Authors: SHERMAN JOSEPH D. , RICKARD CARMEN , CHRISTIAN ROBERT S. , FRIEDELL GILBERT H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Sterile, cell-free extracts of the viable portion of a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma of the hamster were capable of hemolyzing in vitro hamster red blood cells from the donor animals, and from animals with homologous and heterologous tumors.
2. Sterile, cell-free extracts of the necrotic material from this same tumor had little in vitro hemolytic action.
3. Whole tumor extracts varied in their in vitro hemolytic activity depending upon the proportion of viable to necrotic tissue present, with the maximum hemolysis observed when the whole tumor contained more viable than necrotic tissue.
4. Sterile, cell-free extracts of normal hamster liver had a strong hemolytic action on a whole range of red blood cells.
5. Hemolysins elaborated by the viable tissue in transplanted hamster tumors may be one factor contributing to the anemia in hamsters bearing transplantable sarcomas.
Brief Note: A Technic of Bone Marrow Transplantation in Man
Authors: SCHWARZ ROBERT , MISRA DWIJENDRA K. , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method for the transplantation of bone marrow in man is described. With this technic it was possible to obtain up to 18 billion marrow cells from the posterior iliac crests. The effects of this procedure on the donor and the recipient are discussed in the light of our experience with over 100 such transplants.
The Role of Splenectomy in the Management of Thalassemia
Authors: SMITH CARL H. , ERLANDSON MARION E. , STERN GERTRUDE , SCHULMAN IRVING 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A group of 58 children with severe Cooley’s anemia, half of them splenectomized, were reviewed from several of the more important clinical and hematologic aspects.
Splenectomy eliminates the extracorpuscular mechanism responsible for the accelerated destruction of normal donor red cells in the patient’s circulation. This represents a lasting improvement and accounts for an increased longevity of normal blood supplements and a striking reduction of transfusion requirements. Less blood was required to maintain at least as good, and at times improved, hemoglobin levels. Estimates of duration of survival of the patient’s own erythrocytes suggest that the basic hemolytic defect is not altered significantly by this operative procedure.
While transfusions and splenectomy promote the patient’s well being, growth in height and sexual development are retarded. Secondary sexual characteristics develop, if at all, later than in normal individuals and normal menses are rare.
Cardiac failure occurred in 10 patients; all but one had been subjected to splenectomy. This group was characterized by cardiac enlargement, multiple arrhythmias and death with refractory heart failure, usually in the second decade of life.
Cardiac complications are likely to be related to the heavy deposition of iron in the myocardium, and are comparable in this respect to a similar incidence in idiopathic hemochromatosis. One of the most serious problems in the management of Cooley’s anemia is the prevention and control of congestive heart failure. This will depend on the discovery of an effective method by which the heart can be made to unload its iron deposits.
The increased susceptibility to infection following splenectomy in patients with severe Cooley’s anemia indicates that the normal immunologic responses inherent in the spleen remain intact despite the stress of a continuous hemolytic process.
Autografts of Bone Marrow in Dogs After Lethal Total-Body Radiation
Authors: MANNICK JOHN A. , LOCHTE HARRY L. , ASHLEY CHARLES A. , THOMAS E. DONNALL , FERREBEE JOSEPH W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Four beagles were exposed to supralethal total-body irradiation from a 250 kv x-ray therapy machine. Four were exposed to similar irradiation from a Cobalt-60 teletherapy unit. Dosages administered ranged from 600 to 1500 r, calculated as air dose at theoretical midbody line.
2. After irradiation each dog was given an intravenous infusion of 1.4 to 3.7 billion cells of his own bone marrow. This sample of autologous marrow was aspirated through a surgical window in the femur immediately prior to the animal’s irradiation and was stored in plasma and tissue culture fluid at 4 C. while awaiting use.
3. All dogs survived the acute radiation injury. There were two late deaths, one from intercurrent infection and one from small bowel obstruction.
4. The six surviving dogs are in apparent good health 5 months to 10 months after irradiation. Control dogs in this laboratory have a 100 per cent 15 day mortality after air dose of 600 r total-body irradiation.
5. A comparison with a previous series of dogs grafted with homologous smarrow shows that autologous marrow induces a recovery after lethal irradiation that is superior to the recovery induced by homologous marrow.
6. The superior results observed after autologous marrow appear attributable to a rapid postirradiation recovery of lymphoid tissue as well as bone marrow. Circulating lymphocytes reappear, lymph nodes regain normal histologic appearance, and the serum gamma globulin pattern returns to normal. These latter events do not occur promptly after infusions of homologous marrow.
A Method for Evaluating the Hemostatic Effect of Various Agents in Thrombocytopenic Rats and Mice
Authors: FIRKIN B. G. , ARIMURA GRACE , HARRINGTON W. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A simple method for measuring the control of blood loss in thrombocytopenic rats and mice is described.
The administration of lyophilized platelets, brain phospholipid extract and soya bean extract failed to correct the blood loss in the thrombocytopenic animal.
The results obtained with this method have failed to support the effectiveness of "platelet substitutes" in in vivo systems and reaffirm the requisites of viability and recirculation for platelet transfusions.
Some Properties of Cross Reacting Antibody of the ABO Blood Group System
Authors: JONES A. RICHARDSON , KANEB LORRAINE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An account is given of an experiment in which the use of a "blocking" procedure has enabled the site of action of the cross reacting antibody in group O serum to be shown to be homologous with the A and B antigens of the red cell. In another experiment cross reacting antibody was shown to behave asymmetrically. In both these experiments use was made of the mixed agglutination technic for directly demonstrating the adherence of two cells of differing specificity by cross reacting antibody.
The significance of the results of these experiments is discussed in the light of observations by other workers.
Animal and Human Studies on Ferrous Fumarate, an Oral Hematinic
Authors: BERENBAUM M. C. , CHILD K. J. , DAVIS B. , SHARPE HELEN M. , TOMICH E. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ferrous fumarate, an oral hematinic, has been compared with the sulphate, succinate and gluconate for various aspects of toxicity.
In mice, the relative acute oral toxicities were fumarate 1, succinate 1.1, gluconate 2.0 and sulphate 2.7.
In cats, the relative emetic activities were fumarate 1, succinate and gluconate 3, and sulphate 4.
Examination of the stomachs and livers of rabbits given massive doses of the four iron tablets showed that the sulphate and gluconate were much more toxic and irritant than the succinate or fumarate.
Rats dosed for 12 weeks with ferrous fumarate (50 mg. Fe/Kg./day) grew normally, and histologic examination of the major organs revealed no abnormalities that could be attributed to the drug.
Hematinic studies on iron-deficient rats, receiving the four iron compounds orally or iron-dextran intramuscularly, indicated that ferrous fumarate was as effective as the other compounds.
Twenty-two hypochromic anemic patients were dosed with Fersamal (three tablets per day), and all except one showed hematologic improvement. The patient who proved refractory had previously undergone gastrectomy and had not improved on either ferrous sulphate or gluconate.
The tablets were acceptable to all the patients.
Free Serum Vitamin B12 Level in Certain Hematologic Disorders
Authors: BANERJEE D. K. , GHOSE SANDHYA , GHOSH S. K. , CHATTERJEA J. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The variation of the free fraction of serum vitamin B12 level was studied in certain hematologic disorders. In normals, the mean ratio of free to total vitamin B12 was 10.2 per cent. In leukemias—chronic myeloid, acute myeloid and acute lymphatic—the mean value of free vitamin B12 was higher than normal. In chronic myeloid and acute lymphatic leukemias, the free vitamin B12 level did not on an average exceed 20 per cent of the total. In acute myeloid leukemia, the free fraction was relatively more increased, constituting 31.1 per cent of the total on an average. In aplastic anemia, the mean values of free vitamin B12 and the ratio (31.2 per cent) of free to total vitamin B12 were higher than normal. The patterns presented by acute myeloid leukemia and aplastic anemia appeared to be more or less similar.
Heparin Therapy in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: MCFARLAND WILLIAM , GALBRAITH ROBERT G. , MIALE AUGUST 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Although a few previous reports suggest a beneficial effect of heparin in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, there has been no general recognition of this form of treatment. Therefore, its striking benefit in a patient with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia refractory to usual therapeutic measures has been reported.
2. The mechanism of action of heparin in autoimmune hemolytic anemia remains unknown; it does not appear to be due to any anticomplementary activity.
3. Heparin should be tried more widely in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, particularly in situations in which response to corticosteroids and splenectomy has been disappointing.
Induction in Rabbits of Activity Against Human Blood Thromboplastin
Authors: SPAET THEODORE H. , CINTRON JOSE R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rabbits were injected with sedimented human blood thromboplastin, and two animals developed serum activity against human blood thromboplastin in significant excess over naturally occurring inhibitor. This antithromboplastic activity was specific against human reagent, failed to affect thromboplastin precursors and had no activity against tissue thromboplastin.
Candida-Reacting Antibody in the Serum of Patients with Lymphomas and Related Disorders
Authors: BRODY JEROME I. , FINCH STUART C. , Mcilroy Bettina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The quantity and characteristics of antibody reacting with Candida albicans was determined in normal subjects and in patients with lymphomas and leukemias by the immune-adherence technic.
2. Little antibody to Candida albicans is present in infants during the first few months of neonatal life; a progressive increase in antibody occurs during adolescence, and antibody is present in high titer in the serum of normal adults.
3. No significant decrease in antibody titer was found in the sera of patients with advanced leukemia or lymphoma, most of whom had had extensive specific therapy.
4. This antibody was characterized by lack of cross absorption with rice starch polysaccharide, complete absorption with Candida albicans and by increased serum reactivity following active antigenic stimulation in rabbits.
5. It is apparent from this study that production of the "natural antibody" of this type is maintained despite the progression of neoplastic disease and the use of antineoplastic agents.
6. It is probable that alteration of tissue defense mechanisms rather than humoral antibody account for the increased incidence of disseminated monilial infections in patients with lymphomas and leukemias.
Renal Hemosiderosis in the Hemolytic Anemias: Diagnosis by Means of Needle Biopsy
Authors: LEONARDI P. , RUOL A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Renal hemosiderosis has been ascertained by needle biopsy in eight patients. Two of them were affected by paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, three by autoimmune hemolytic anemia, one by paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, one by thalassemia minor, and one by hereditary spherocitosis. Although the extent of the hemosiderin infiltration of the kidney varied, the distribution of this pigment was limited almost exclusively to the proximal convoluted tubule in all cases. Only one patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, who had previously received numerous blood transfusions, had hemosiderin infiltration of the liver and spleen. In all other cases hemosiderosis limited to the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule appears to be a histologic sign of hemoglobin reabsorption. This was more evident when intravascular hemolytic episodes were recorded or when a moderate degree of hemoglobinemia suggested the occurrence of a slight, persistent intravascular hemolysis. No significant impairment of tubular function was found, even in patients with most marked hemosiderosis.
On the Etiology of "Meat Anemia" in Mice
Authors: ILAN JUDITH , KENDE M. , GUGGENHEIM K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Young mice kept on a diet consisting of meat only develop an anemia which is accompanied by depressed growth and high fatality.
Treatment of mice while subsisting on the meat diet with para-aminobenzoic acid, folic acid, vitamin B12, liver extract, pyridoxine, iron, vitamin A, penicillin, aureomycin or a combination of some of these substances neither prevents the anemia nor the mortality, nor does it improve growth. Some of these substances have, however, a slight effect in preventing anemia.
Replacing one of four parts of meat by beef liver or an isocaloric-isonitrogenous mixture of casein, cornstarch, salts and water almost completely prevents the anemia but does not improve, or only slightly improves, the stunted growth. Dilution of meat with liver but not with the casein mixture has a striking therapeutic effect in mice rendered anemic by the meat diet.
It is assumed that the anemia is caused by the presence in meat of a hematopoiesis-inhibiting factor and/or by the lack of some unknown hematopoietic factor(s) possibly produced by the intestinal flora and present in liver.
An Inheritable B-like Character in Persons of Blood Group A
Authors: ANDERSEN JØRGEN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a previous paper the author reported investigations of a blood sample (Co) whose blood cells contained, in addition to a normal A antigen, a weak, atypical B-like antigen. The present paper deals with two blood samples, El and Do, which probably possessed the same weak, atypical B-like character. A study of El’s family showed that this blood group character, provisionally designated as Ab, may be inheritable, as it was found in two children and one grandchild of El’s.
The serologic studies of the 5 Ab samples are reported, and on the basis of the family material the possible origin of the Ab character is discussed.
Volume and Cellular Constitution of Bone Marrow in Guinea Pigs Hypoxic from Birth
Authors: HUDSON G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A quantitative study of the volume and cellular constitution of the bone marrow was carried out in 10 guinea pigs of approximately 400 Gm. body weight, which had been born and reared at a simulated altitude of 14,000 feet, and in 10 normal controls.
The hemopoietic marrow of the experimental group was more cellular and showed a marked increase in the number of erythroid cells per unit volume. No significant changes were demonstrated in the absolute counts of other cells, but fat vacuoles appeared less numerous. The fatty (yellow) marrow occupied its normal centrifugal position in the skeletons of both groups.
No absolute increase in the volume of bone marrow was detected in the experimental group, but the red marrow volume formed a significantly greater proportion both of the volume of the skeleton containing it and of the total marrow volume.
It was concluded that the marrow of the hypoxic animals had a total population of erythroid cells about 40 to 50 per cent greater than normal; this increase was largely accommodated by closer packing of cells in the red marrow.
Congenital Hemolytic Disease Associated with Red Cell Inclusion Bodies, Abnormal Pigment Metabolism and an Electrophoretic Hemoglobin Abnormality
Authors: SCOTT J. L. , HAUT A. , CARTWRIGHT G. E. , WINTROBE M. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A fourth case of the syndrome of congenital hemolytic anemia with abnormal pigment metabolism and red cell inclusion bodies following splenectomy is described.
2. In this case an abnormality was found on paper and starch electrophoresis of the red cell hemolysate at pH 8.6. A similar abnormality has not been reported previously.
3. An increased rate of erythrocyte autohemolysis was found during in vitro incubation, Partial correction of this defect occurred in the presence of glucose or purine ribosides.
4. Genetic transmission of the defect could not be demonstrated.
Morphological and Histochemical Studies of the Leukemic Cells from a Patient with Atypical Myeloblastic Leukemia with Special Reference to Intracytoplasmic Mucopolysaccharide Vacuoles and Fibrillar Formation
Authors: ACKERMAN G. ADOLPH , GRASSO JOSEPH A. , KNOUFF RALPH A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A detailed study (phase contrast, bright field and electron microscopy) of the primitive leukemic cells from a patient with atypical myeloblastic leukemia has been presented. An unusual mucopolysaccharide-containing vacuole has been observed and characterized both morphologically and histochemically. In addition, this study has yielded considerable information concerning the structure and chemical composition of the fibrillar formations, fat droplets and the alterations in erythrocytes following their ingestion by the leukemic cells. Intramitochondrial structural alterations have been observed and characterized in many of the primitive myeloblasts. Changes in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum may reflect impaired or altered metabolism in these abnormal leukemic cells.
Evaluation of a New Chemotherapeutic Agent in Patients with "Advanced Refractory" Acute Leukemia. Studies of 6-Azauracil
Authors: FREIREICH EMIL J. , FREI EMIL , HOLLAND JAMES F. , PINKEL DONALD , SELAWRY OLEG , ROTHBERG HARVEY , HAURANI FARID , TAYLOR ROBERT , GEHAN EDMUND A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
6-Azauracil was studied in patients with "advanced" acute leukemia, refractory to standard chemotherapy. Under the conditions of the study this compound was found to have no significant antileukemic activity. As a result, these data have defined the natural history of this phase of acute leukemia. A significant proportion (30 per cent) of these patients showed objective hematologic improvement even in the absence of effective specific therapy, which might be ascribed to a prospective new agent. The median survival from the onset of the study of this group of patients was two months, and survival patterns for adults and children were similar.
Febrile Response to Bacterial Pyrogens in Leukemia
Authors: BRAUDE ABRAHAM I. , BECK JAY , ZALESKY MARGARET 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The intravenous injection of 50,000,000 dead typhoid-paratyphoid bacilli produced a greater febrile reaction in nonbeukemics than in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
2. These results suggest that granulocytes may contribute to the production of the fever that follows injection of bacterial pyrogens.
Studies on Erythropoietin. I. Demonstration of Erythropoietin in Normal Plasma
Authors: REICHLIN MORRIS , HARRINGTON WILLIAM J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A modification of a technic wherein hypertransfused rats are used for the bioassay of erythropoietin is described, and some kinetics of iron incorporation following transfusion are presented.
2. It was possible to detect activity in normal plasma and demonstrate that plasma of animals whose erythropoiesis is depressed below normal by hypertransfusion possesses less erythropoietin than normal plasma.
3. The variation of response under standardized conditions is sufficiently small and sufficiently predictable so that within certain limits, quantitation is possible. A dose-response analysis is presented.
4. Plasma from normal rats possesses approximately 25 per cent of the activity found in rats rendered acutely anemic by a standardized blood loss.