bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses to emotional exhaustion: do worker cooperatives matter?
Authors: Park Rhokeun 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of organizational identification in the relationship between emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. It also examines the moderating roles of worker cooperatives in the relationships of emotional exhaustion with organizational identification and turnover intention.

Design/methodology/approach
Surveys of worker cooperatives and capitalist firms in the Seoul metropolitan area were conducted in 2016. The hypotheses of this study were tested through multilevel moderated mediation analyses.

Findings
This study revealed that organizational identification partially mediated the relationship between emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. The findings of the study provided evidence that worker cooperatives alleviated the adverse relationships of emotional exhaustion with organizational identification and turnover intention.

Research limitations/implications
Since it was conducted with a cross-sectional data set, this study is not free from the issue of causality. However, the findings provide insights into how emotional exhaustion may be associated with organizational identification and turnover intention, and how worker cooperatives may alter these relationships.

Practical implications
Capitalist firms should provide their employees with more autonomy and more opportunities to participate in organizational decision-making, as in worker cooperatives, to induce their employees to hold more positive attitudes.

Originality/value
There is no extant research on the mechanism through which emotional exhaustion is associated with turnover intention via organizational identification, and on the moderating roles of worker cooperatives in this mechanism.
Millennials empowerment: youth entrepreneurship for sustainable development
Authors: Ogamba Ikedinachi K. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to knowledge and theory building in youth empowerment and entrepreneurship development.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper critically examines the Youth Enterprise with Innovation in Nigeria (YouWiN) programme and its relevance as a youth economic empowerment programme through the lens of the UNDP Youth Strategy entry points for promoting economic empowerment of youth and extant literature on critical youth empowerment using participatory development theories.

Findings
While YouWiN is a significant intervention towards entrepreneurship development, it presents some flaws and limitations in the design and implementation process, which may challenge sustainable economic development. Hence, there is a need to explore the millennials empowerment paradigm in light of three key complementary action-oriented approaches to youth entrepreneurship development.

Originality/value
This paper proposes three key complementary action-oriented approaches to youth entrepreneurship policy/programme design, implementation and evaluation for the multilateral agencies, private and voluntary sectors. These are in the form of facilitating participatory engagement and diversity, managing drivers (push/pull factors) of entrepreneurship, and ensuring access to enablers/support. There is the need for further debate and critical inputs to improve theory building towards a normative framework in youth empowerment and entrepreneurship. This contributes to ending poverty, and promoting intergenerational equity and sustainable development.
Comparison of 2‐D shear wave elastography with clinical score in localized scleroderma: A new method to increase the diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Wang Ying , Shan Jie‐ling , Chen Hu‐yan , Wu Zhi‐feng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is no established diagnostic criteria or widely accepted severity classification of localized scleroderma (LS) by imaging. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology by normalized mean shear wave velocity (SWV) may be as a probing tool for diagnosing and staging LS accurately and objectively. Fifty‐six patients with LS of inflammatory (n = 21), sclerotic (n = 24) and atrophic (n = 11) stage and 30 healthy controls were evaluated on the basis of pathological results. Dermal thickness, ARFI quality (elastography score) and quantity (mean SWV) were measured by ultrasonography (US), diagnosis and stage performances of LS using the dermal thickness, elastography score and mean SWV compared with modified localized scleroderma skin severity index (mLoSSI) were evaluated. Significant differences in the dermal thickness, elastography score and mean SWV were found between the normal adult and LS patients; for diagnosing LS, the area under the receiver–operator curves (AUROC) of the dermal thickness, elastography score, mean SWV and mLoSSI were 0.93 ± 0.03, 0.95 ± 0.01, 0.93 ± 0.03 and 0.93 ± 0.02, respectively. Compared with the dermal thickness, the elastography score and mLoSSI, the AUROC and the specificities of mean SWV for differentiating sclerotic from inflammatory stage and atrophic from sclerotic LS increased significantly, especially by normalized mean SWV (AUROC, 0.84 ± 0.06 and 0.83 ± 0.07; specificity, 85.71% and 91.67%). As non‐invasive methods, mean SWV and dermal thickness by US may provide reliable information to diagnose and stage LS compared with mLoSSI especially by normalized mean SWV.
Ecosystem feedbacks contribute to geographic variation in plant–soil eco‐evolutionary dynamics across a fertility gradient
Authors: Van Nuland Michael E. , Ware Ian M. , Bailey Joseph K. , Schweitzer Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Plant species that occur in different soil nutrient environments often vary in plant functional traits that affect soil nutrient cycling, creating positive feedbacks that reinforce nutrient availability. Variation in such nutrient feedbacks could affect plant fitness, but few studies have explored the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of within‐species nutrient feedbacks, and the role that soil communities may play in mediating plant evolutionary responses.

We investigated whether a widespread Populus species regulates soil fertility, resulting in positive nutrient feedbacks that influence population divergence. Here, we combined field observations, a reciprocal transplant experiment, and soil community sequencing to test how nutrient feedbacks might facilitate plant adaptation to soil environments.

We find that: (1) Plant populations exist along a soil fertility gradient in the field and display trait variation consistent with positive nutrient feedbacks, (2) populations assemble distinct soil prokaryotic communities that are structured by soil chemistry, (3) populations show inconsistent patterns of local adaptation to their soil communities, however (4) genetic variation in plant–soil interactions reinforces soil nutrient differences.

Soil communities may mediate variation in plant adaptation across a soil fertility gradient such that plant–soil interactions reinforce positive nutrient feedbacks. Identifying the eco‐evolutionary links between plant trait variation, soil nutrients and microbial communities demonstrates that plants modify and adapt to soil environments. These results support the hypothesis that eco‐evolutionary feedbacks may result when plant–soil interactions (eco) affect ecosystem‐level processes that sustain population‐level feedbacks and selective gradients (evo).

A plain language summary is available for this article.
A shared limiting resource leads to competitive exclusion in a cross‐feeding system
Authors: Hammarlund Sarah P. , Chacón Jeremy M. , Harcombe William R. 
Published: December 2018

SummarySpecies interactions and coexistence are often dependent upon environmental conditions. When two cross‐feeding bacteria exchange essential nutrients, the addition of a cross‐fed nutrient to the environment can release one species from its dependence on the other. Previous studies suggest that continued coexistence depends on relative growth rates: coexistence is maintained if the slower‐growing species is released from its dependence on the other, but if the faster‐growing species is released, the slower‐growing species will be lost (a hypothesis that we call ‘feed the faster grower’ or FFG). Using invasion‐from‐rare experiments with two reciprocally cross‐feeding bacteria, genome‐scale metabolic modelling and classical ecological models, we explored the potential for coexistence when one cross‐feeder became independent. We found that whether nutrient addition shifted an interaction from mutualism to commensalism or parasitism depended on whether the nutrient that limited total growth was required by one or both species. Parasitism resulted when both species required the growth‐limiting resource. Importantly, coexistence was only lost when the interaction became parasitism, and the obligate species had a slower growth rate. Under these restricted conditions, the FFG hypothesis applied. Our results contribute to a mechanistic understanding of how resources can be manipulated to alter interactions and coexistence in microbial communities.
Phototrophic marine benthic microbiomes: the ecophysiology of these biological entities
Authors: Stal Lucas J. , Bolhuis Henk , Cretoiu Mariana S. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryPhototrophic biofilms are multispecies, self‐sustaining and largely closed microbial ecosystems. They form macroscopic structures such as microbial mats and stromatolites. These sunlight‐driven consortia consist of a number of functional groups of microorganisms that recycle the elements internally. Particularly, the sulfur cycle is discussed in more detail as this is fundamental to marine benthic microbial communities and because recently exciting new insights have been obtained. The cycling of elements demands a tight tuning of the various metabolic processes and require cooperation between the different groups of microorganisms. This is likely achieved through cell‐to‐cell communication and a biological clock. Biofilms may be considered as a macroscopic biological entity with its own physiology. We review the various components of some marine phototrophic biofilms and discuss their roles in the system. The importance of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as the matrix for biofilm metabolism and as substrate for biofilm microorganisms is discussed. We particularly assess the importance of extracellular DNA, horizontal gene transfer and viruses for the generation of genetic diversity and innovation, and for rendering resilience to external forcing to these biological entities.
Magnetic resonance imaging for common peroneal nerve injury in trauma patients: Are routine knee sequences adequate for prediction of outcome?
Authors: Tran Thi My Anh , Lim Beng Ghee , Sheehy Rohan , Robertson Patricia L 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionCommon peroneal nerve (CPN) injury occurs in 10–40% of patients following knee dislocation. Is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using routine knee protocols able to adequately evaluate CPN injury and predict long‐term outcome?MethodsTrauma patients presenting for knee MRI at a single public hospital, between July 2007 and May 2017, were retrospectively identified using radiology and orthopaedic databases. Medical records were retrieved for clinical scores. MRI images were scored by two independent radiologists blinded to the clinical CPN status and scores correlated with initial clinical scores using the Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsFinal cohort included 107 patients (81 males and 26 females) with a mean age of 39 (range 19–81 years). MRI was considered to be adequate for coverage of the CPN in 84 patients. Fourteen patients had CPN injury clinically (seven complete and seven partial). Concordance between MRI scores and initial clinical scores was 0.456 (P = 0.01). MRI sensitivity and specificity for CPN injury on the 84 adequate scans were 54.5% and 93.2% respectively. All seven cases of partial CPN injury and three of seven cases of complete CPN injury recovered fully. High MRI scores of 5 and 8 were given for the two patients with a persisting complete CPN palsy. Highest scores for partial CPN injury subjects were 2 and 4.ConclusionsMagnetic resonance imaging using a routine knee protocol is not adequate for the assessment of CPN injury in many subjects. More specific MRI neural sequences with complete CPN coverage may be worth trialing.
Validation of reference genes for gene expression analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in pea lines (Pisum sativum) with different lodging susceptibility
Authors: Knopkiewicz Michał , Wojtaszek Przemysław 
Published: December 2018

AbstractReal‐time PCR data from every gene expression analysis experiment have to be normalised with appropriate reference genes, which are uniformly expressed in a sample set being analysed. Reference genes have to be tested independently for each experimental set. We estimated the gene expression of five potential reference genes (Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A, histone H3, β‐tubulin, transcription factor IIA and actin) in 33 pea (Pisum sativum L.) samples. Plant material comprised stem fragments from four pea accessions (three cultivars with different lodging susceptibility and stem stiffness and one wild‐type accession). Different phenological development stages of plants and environmental conditions were tested under three sample subsets. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A and β‐tubulin were the most stable genes in the subset of 30‐day plants, grown in the greenhouse. Plants at the beginning of flowering stage were grown in the greenhouse and in the field. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A and transcription factor IIA exhibited the most stable expression under field conditions, while histone H3 and β‐tubulin were the most stable under greenhouse conditions. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A and β‐tubulin were also the most stable genes among all the tested samples. We have identified stably expressed genes, which may be used as a reference for normalisation of real‐time PCR data in our sample subset. Our research is a good starting point for other studies of gene expression in pea stem tissue. This is the first step to perform gene expression studies connected with lodging resistance of pea.
ECT beyond unipolar major depression: systematic review and meta‐analysis of electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar depression
Authors: Bahji A. , Hawken E. R. , Sepehry A. A. , Cabrera C. A. , Vazquez G. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, the response, remission, and speed of response in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder in depressive episode (BDD) receiving an acute course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were quantitatively analyzed.MethodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis guidelines, 1660 citations were identified through five electronic databases. Nineteen articles met final inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis.ResultsThe pooled response and remission rates with ECT in MDD were 74.2% (n = 1246/1680) and 52.3% (n = 850/1626), respectively. In BDD, they were 77.1% (n = 437/567) and 52.3% (n = 275/377), respectively. Although response rates to ECT were statistically higher in BDD (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56–0.95, P = 0.02), remission rates were similar (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.65–1.26, P = 0.56). Individuals with BDD vs. MDD required fewer number of ECT sessions to achieve response (SMD = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.44 to −0.023, P = 0.03). There were no significant moderator effects identified.ConclusionResponse rates and speed of response are higher in individuals with BDD; however, remission rates are equivalent. These findings support increased utilization of ECT in individuals with treatment‐refractory BDD.
Comorbid immune‐mediated diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a nation‐wide population‐based study
Authors: Park Sung‐Wook , Kim Tae Jun , Lee June Young , Kim Eun Ran , Hong Sung Noh , Chang Dong Kyung , Yang Mi , Kim Seonwoo , Shin Myung‐Hee , Kim Young‐Ho 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundAlthough a higher risk of other immune‐mediated diseases has been reported in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, the risk factors of immune‐mediated diseases development and the effect of concomitant immune‐mediated diseases on outcomes remain poorly defined.AimTo determine the risk factors of incident immune‐mediated diseases and the impact of comorbid immune‐mediated diseases on outcomes in IBD.MethodsUsing the National Health Insurance claims data for the entire Korean population, we identified 35 581 IBD patients without immune‐mediated diseases and 595 IBD patients with immune‐mediated diseases from 2012 to 2013, and follow‐up until 2016. We selected four controls by age and sex for comparing with cases.ResultsA total of 35 581 IBD patients without immune‐mediated diseases and 142 324 matched controls without immune‐mediated diseases were followed from 2014 to 2016 and of these 239 IBD patients and 357 controls developed immune‐mediated disease. The overall immune‐mediated diseases risk was higher in IBD patients (HR, hazard ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence interval, CI, 2.09‐2.91). In a nested case‐control study of the IBD cohort, adult patients aged ≥20 years and frequent hospitalisation ≥1 per year were independent risk factors for incident immune‐mediated diseases, in contrast, 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) use had protective effect (odds ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.41‐0.90) for developing immune‐mediated diseases. In addition, IBD patients with another immune‐mediated disease had an increased risk of needing anti‐TNF‐α agent (HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 2.02‐2.84) and developing acute flare (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.37‐2.26).ConclusionsThe incidence of immune‐mediated diseases in IBD patients was higher than that of non‐IBD population. 5‐ASA use may reduce this risk.
ECONOMIC POLICY UNCERTAINTY EFFECTS ON CREDIT AND STABILITY OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Caglayan Mustafa , Xu Bing 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTWe examine policy‐related economic uncertainty effects on the availability of credit, non‐performing loans and loan loss provisions using a panel of 18 countries. We provide significant evidence that uncertainty reduces the availability of credit while leading to increases in banks' non‐performing loans and loan loss provisions, distorting sectoral stability. Our findings are economically meaningful.
UNION WAGE COMPRESSION AND SKILL ACQUISITION
Authors: Aksoy Tolga 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I examine the relationship between unionisation and total output in an economy with a dual labour market, heterogeneous agents, and human capital investment. My primary focus is the skill acquisition channel, through which unionization affects total output. I theoretically demonstrate that the skill premium, and thus human capital investment, is determined by the prevalence of unions in high‐ or low‐skill‐intensive sectors. In particular, if a low (high)‐skill sector is unionised, then the skill premium is higher (lower), ensuring a larger (smaller) high‐skill sector, irrespective of the unions bargaining power. To test this hypothesis, I also empirically investigate the effects of unionisation on total productivity. The results indicate that through the reallocation of labour, unionisation induces an expansion of high‐skill‐intensive sectors, while low‐skill‐intensive sectors contract.
The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland consensus guidelines in surgery for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Brown S. R. , Fearnhead N. S. , Faiz O. D. , Abercrombie J. F. , Acheson A. G. , Arnott R. G. , Clark S. K. , Clifford S. , Davies R. J. , Davies M. M. , Douie W. J. P. , Dunlop M. G. , Epstein J. C. , Evans M. D. , George B. D. , Guy R. J. , Hargest R. , Hawthorne A. B. , Hill J. , Hughes G. W. , Limdi J. K. , Maxwell‐Armstrong C. A. , O'Connell P. R. , Pinkney T. D. , Pipe J. , Sagar P. M. , Singh B. , Soop M. , Terry H. , Torkington J. , Verjee A. , Walsh C. J. , Warusavitarne J. H. , Williams A. B. , Williams G. L. , Wilson R. G. ,   ACPGBI IBD Surgery Consensus Collaboration
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThere is a requirement of an expansive and up to date review of surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can dovetail with the medical guidelines produced by the British Society of Gastroenterology.MethodsSurgeons who are members of theACPGBIwith a recognised interest inIBDwere invited to contribute various sections of the guidelines. They were directed to produce a procedure based document using literature searches that were systematic, comprehensible, transparent and reproducible. Levels of evidence were graded. An editorial board was convened to ensure consistency of style, presentation and quality. Each author was asked to provide a set of recommendations which were evidence based and unambiguous. These recommendations were submitted to the whole guideline group and scored. They were then refined and submitted to a second vote. Only those that achieved >80% consensus at level 5 (strongly agree) or level 4 (agree) after 2 votes were included in the guidelines.ResultsAll aspects of surgical care forIBDhave been included along with 157 recommendations for management.ConclusionThese guidelines provide an up to date and evidence based summary of the current surgical knowledge in the management ofIBDand will serve as a useful practical text for clinicians performing this type of surgery.
Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium pleomorphic T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder: Where do we stand? A systematic review
Authors: Salah Eman 
Published: December 2018

SummaryPrimary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium pleomorphic T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder (PCSMP‐TLPD) is a provisional entity with uncertain malignant potential according to the latest revision of the WHO classification for lymphoid neoplasms. We conducted a systematic literature review of all previously reported cases of PCSMP‐TLPD to highlight their typical and atypical features. The main features of PCSMP‐TLPD and its possible clinicopathologic overlap with similar disorders are also discussed. It is hoped that this review will provide a useful outline of this condition and the most important differential diagnoses. Finally, we recommend a rigorous consensus among cutaneous lymphoma experts in drafting diagnostic criteria and the best case definition.
Lack of survival benefit in sentinel lymph node‐positive melanoma with immediate complete lymphadenectomy – a review
Authors: Stadler Rudolf , Leiter Ulrike , Garbe Claus 
Published: December 2018

SummaryFor decades, melanoma surgery has been guided by the Halstedian concept of stepwise metastasis, first into the lymph nodes and subsequently to distant sites. Early complete lymph node dissection (CLND) was therefore recommended in order to improve survival. Four large prospective randomized trials failed to show any survival benefit of CLND in comparison to observation alone. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was introduced in the 1990's, and CLND was limited to patients with positive sentinel nodes. Based on lymphoscintigraphy, it was pointed out that draining lymph nodes can now be detected more accurately. In one large trial, sentinel lymph node‐guided CLND was compared to observation alone, and no advantage for melanoma‐specific survival was detected. More recently, two prospective randomized studies tested whether CLND improved melanoma‐specific survival or overall survival in patients with positive sentinel nodes. Neither study found a better survival rate for patients with CLND than with observation alone. The reason for the failure of CLND to improve survival is clearly parallel development and not stepwise development of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Immediate CLND in melanoma surgery is therefore called into question.