bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentação animal na indústria de cosméticos e teoria do direito: uma análise sistêmica dos “direitos humanos dos animais”
Authors: De Oliveira Fornasier Mateus , Lara Tondo Ana 
Published: October 2018

<p>Este artigo examina implicações de ordem teórica<br />acerca da condição de sujeito jurídico do animal e das práticas<br />relacionadas à experimentação animal. Analisa teorias que<br />já defendem senciência e consciência de não humanos – e<br />embasaram leis e convenções sobre dos Direitos dos Animais<br />e experimentação. Mas a sua efetividade normativa é desafiada<br />por estratégias econômicas globais de desvio. Divide-se em<br />três partes, para: i) verificar teorias filosóficas e científicas<br />relacionadas à senciência e à consciência dos animais não<br />humanos diante de teorias jurídicas de direitos subjetivos;<br />ii) explorar o potencial teórico da comunicação (e não do<br />indivíduo) como sendo base da sociedade para os Direitos dos<br />Animais; iii) observar a aplicação dessa teoria ao cenário de<br />economia globalizada, questionando-se a efetividade prática da<br />defesa de padrões jurídicos para a experimentação animal. Seu<br />método é sistêmico-construtivista. Resultados: i) é necessária </p><p>uma total reformulação dos direitos subjetivos para a inclusão<br />dos direitos dos animais, principalmente no que tange à<br />autonomia e a consciência; ii) teorias baseadas na comunicação<br />apresentam grande potencial de inclusão dos animais como<br />pessoas (não humanas) no sistema do Direito; iii) é tão grande a<br />complexidade social globalizada, que o Direito não dá conta da<br />normatividade efetiva social como um todo, sendo que a grande<br />repressividade de um sistema (o Direito), ao ser sentida, por<br />outro (a Economia), como impacto negativo em suas operações,<br />pode ocasionar o desvio deste último esquivar-se, a fim de que<br />a repressão não tenha de fazer sentido em suas comunicações.</p>
Biopolítica e o melhoramento genético: uma reflexão na sociedade biotecnológica
Authors: Aparecido Dias Jefferson , Cristina Sorrilha Rubia 
Published: October 2018

<p>O presente estudo tem por escopo a análise e reflexão da temática de poder apresentada pelo filósofo Paul-Michel Foucault mormente das ideias de anátomo-política do corpo e biopolítica da espécie, as quais perfazem os mecanismos de poder postos em prática pelo Estado moderno que visa à constituição e controle dos indivíduos e da própria população. O material genético humano perfaz elemento do corpo e pode revelar aspectos da intimidade, da capacidade<br />e características dos indivíduos, por isso, atualmente, é tão importante. As pesquisas genéticas e genômicas visam antever, aferir e gerir riscos tanto aos indivíduos isoladamente, como a certos grupos. Elas possibilitam, também, o melhoramento da saúde das populações e, por conseguinte, a minimização dos<br />riscos tanto ao Estado, como aos empregadores e aos seguros. Assim, como a riqueza de uma nação está atrelada diretamente à capacidade de governança da população e ao investimento no capital humano, cada vez mais as iniciativas públicas e privadas têm se interessado pelo controle efetivo e contínuo sobre a vida e o modo de existência dos indivíduos. Visando avaliar a relação existente entre a biopolítica e as técnicas de melhoramento genético existentes na sociedade biotecnológica, necessário se faz um estudo a respeito da temática de poder apresentada por Michel Foucault, de biopolítica na visão do filósofo Giorgio Agamben e dos riscos e benefícios do emprego dessas tecnologias na busca de se auferir o papel da ciência e da tecnologia na sociedade contemporânea. Empregam-se o método dedutivo, pesquisa bibliográfica e legislativa.</p>
HONORÁRIOS DE AUDITORIA E AS BOOK-TAX DIFFERENCES NAS COMPANHIAS ABERTAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Costa Jéssica Ferreira , Costa Patrícia De Souza 
Published: October 2018

<p>A <em>book-tax diferences </em>(BTD) pode derivada do gerenciamento de resultados, o que pode representar maior risco e maior esforço dos auditores, elevando os honorários dos serviços de auditoria.<em> </em>Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o comportamento dos honorários de auditoria diante do nível de BTD das companhias abertas brasileiras no período de 2010 a 2014. A amostra da pesquisa é composta por 53 companhias abertas brasileiras pertencentes ao Índice Ibovespa. Os resultados sugerem que as companhias participantes da amostra que apresentam uma maior BTD possuem maiores honorários de auditoria, indicando que os auditores independentes consideram uma maior diferença entre o lucro contábil e o tributável uma alerta de maior risco e complexidade, aumentando os honorários requeridos para realizar os trabalhos de auditoria. </p>
Asset And Liability Management: Um Estudo Bibliométrico em Periódicos Internacionais no Período de 1961 a 2016
Authors: Correia José Jonas Alves , Lima Andreza Cristiane Silva de 
Published: October 2018

<p>O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a produção acadêmica acerca do tema <em>Asset and Liability Management</em>, publicado nos principais periódicos internacionais, no período de 1961 a 2016, termo este, no Brasil tratado pela expressão Gestão de Ativos e Passivos. Realizou-se um estudo bibliométrico, que consistiu numa abordagem metodológica mista no que concerne ao problema investigado. Utilizou-se a base de dados <em>Scopus, </em>cujo filtro ocorreu com a inserção do termo <em>“asset and liabitity management” </em>entre 1961 a 2016. Os resultados identificados baseiam-se em 71 artigos. O período em que mais se produziu sobre o tema foi no ano de 2010, foi motivado pela exploração de pesquisas operacionais em bancos e outras instituições financeiras pós-crise. O achado referente aos países que mais pesquisam sobre o tema se correlaciona com os resultados dos pesquisadores mais proficientes da área. Assim, conclui-se que o estudo trouxe contribuições acadêmicas, ao passo que investiga o estado da arte do tema, explorando suas produções. </p>
Competências do Contador na Perspectiva da Tríade Universidade, Acadêmico e Mercado de Trabalho
Authors: Adam Camila , Cunha Paulo Roberto da , Boff Marinês Lucia 
Published: October 2018

<p>O objetivo geral do estudo é analisar a produção científica nacional no que concerne as competências do contador na perspectiva da universidade, acadêmico e mercado de trabalho. Utilizou-se pesquisa descritiva, documental e de cunho quantitativo. Foram analisados 35 artigos sobre as competências do contador no período de 2008 a 2016 de um total de 18 periódicos que publicaram sobre o tema. Os resultados apontam que entre as cinco competências mais citadas entre os artigos da amostra tem-se: conhecimento em contabilidade e finanças, tecnologia da informação, ética e honestidade, idiomas e raciocínio lógico, demonstrando a interdisciplinaridade necessária para a formação do contador, visto que, somente uma competência guarda relação direta com o eixo profissional do contador. Por fim, concluiu-se que as competências requeridas nos diferentes estudos são similares quando observadas a tríade Universidade, Acadêmico e Mercado de Trabalho.</p>
Electrometer offset current due to scattered radiation
Authors: Wegener Sonja , Sauer Otto A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRelative dose measurements with small ionization chambers in combination with an electrometer placed in the treatment room (“internal electrometer”) show a large dependence on the polarity used. While this was observed previously for percent depth dose curves (PDDs), the effect has not been understood or preventable. To investigate the polarity dependence of internal electrometers used in conjunction with a small‐volume ionization chamber, we placed an internal electrometer at a distance of 1 m from the isocenter and exposed it to different amounts of scattered radiation by varying the field size. We identified irradiation of the electrometer to cause a current of approximately −1 pA, regardless of the sign of the biasing voltage. For low‐sensitivity detectors, such a current noticeably distorts relative dose measurements. To demonstrate how the current systematically changes PDDs, we collected measurements with nine ionization chambers of different volumes. As the chamber volume decreased, signal ratios at 20 and 10 cm depth (M20/M10) became smaller for positive bias voltage and larger for negative bias voltage. At the size of the iba CC04 (40 mm³) the difference of M20/M10 was around 1% and for the smallest studied chamber, the iba CC003 chamber (3 mm³), around 7% for a 10 × 10 cm² field. When the electrometer was moved further from the source or shielded, the additional current decreased. Consequently, PDDs at both polarities were brought into alignment at depth even for the 3 mm³ ionization chamber. The apparent polarity effect on PDDs and lateral beam profiles was reduced considerably by shielding the electrometer. Due to normalization the effect on output values was low. When measurements with a low‐sensitivity probe are carried out in conjunction with an internal electrometer, we recommend careful monitoring of the particular setup by testing both polarities, and if deemed necessary, we suggest shielding the electrometer.
Antidiabetic Effect of Abextide, a Long‐Acting Exendin‐4 Analogue in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Niu Gang , Wang Guohao , Lau Joseph , Lang Lixin , Jacobson Orit , Ma Ying , Kiesewetter Dale O. , Zhang Shaoliang , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAbextide, synthesized by conjugating an albumin‐binding moiety—truncated Evans blue—to glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonist exendin‐4, shows extended drug release and enhanced hypoglycemic effect in diabetic mice. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of Abextide in nonhuman primates. Two batches of elderly cynomolgus monkeys with naturally occurring diabetes are used for this study. During the whole experiment period, no abnormalities such as swelling at the injection site, lethargy, or hypoglycemia are observed in all animals. The monkeys in the Abextide group lose appetite after drug administration and then recover over time. In the single dose treatment, at day 1 and day 3 after treatment, decreased plasma glucose level is observed in the Abextide‐treated group but not in placebo or Albiglutide‐treated group. For monkeys that receive two doses of drug, the blood glucose level in all subjects in Abextide group decreases rapidly upon drug administration and return to a plateau by day 3. A similar pattern of response is seen after the second dose administration. The delayed drug release and hypoglycemic effect of Abextide make it potentially useful as an antidiabetic drug for weekly subcutaneous administration.
Repeated domestication of melon (Cucumis melo) in Africa and Asia and a new close relative from India
Authors: Endl Josef , Achigan‐Dako Enoch G. , Pandey Arun K. , Monforte Antonio J. , Pico Belén , Schaefer Hanno 
Published: October 2018

Premise of the StudyThe domestication history of melon is still unclear. An African or Asian origin has been suggested, but its closest wild relative was recently revealed to be an Australian species. The complicated taxonomic history of melon has resulted in additional confusion, with a high number of misidentified germplasm collections currently used by breeders and in genomics research.MethodsUsing seven DNA regions sequenced for 90% of the genus and the major cultivar groups, we sort out described names and infer evolutionary origins and domestication centers.Key ResultsWe found that modern melon cultivars go back to two lineages, which diverged ca. 2 million years ago. One is restricted to Asia (Cucumis melo subsp. melo), and the second, here described as C. melo subsp. meloides, is restricted to Africa. The Asian lineage has given rise to the widely commercialized cultivar groups and their market types, while the African lineage gave rise to cultivars still grown in the Sudanian region. We show that C. trigonus, an overlooked perennial and drought‐tolerant species from India is among the closest living relatives of C. melo.ConclusionsMelon was domesticated at least twice: in Africa and Asia. The African lineage and the Indian C. trigonus are exciting new resources for breeding of melons tolerant to climate change.
Switching the manufacturer of antiepileptic drugs is associated with higher risk of seizures: A nationwide study of prescription data in Germany
Authors: Lang Johannes D. , Kostev Karel , Onugoren Müjgan Dogan , Gollwitzer Stephanie , Graf Wolfgang , Müller Tamara , Olmes David G. , Hamer Hajo M. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveDespite bioequivalence, the exchangeability of antiepileptic drugs in clinical settings is disputed. Therefore, we investigated the risk for recurrent seizures after switching the manufacturer of the same drug in a large German cohort.MethodsAnonymous patient data from practice neurologists throughout Germany between 2011 and 2016 were collected using the IMS Disease Analyzer database (QuintilesIMS, Frankfurt, Germany). People with epilepsy were included if at least 2 prescriptions within 360 days and 1 within 180 days prior to the index date were available. The cohort was separated into a seizure group and seizure‐free controls. Both groups were matched 1:1 according to age, gender, insurance status, and treating physician. The risk for breakthrough seizures after a manufacturer switch of the same antiepileptic drug was analyzed using multivariate regression models.ResultsA total of 3,530 people with epilepsy were included (each group, n = 1,765; age = 53.7 ± 19.8 years). Patients with seizures had switched the drug manufacturer more often than controls (26.8% vs 14.2%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–1.69, p = 0.009), both from branded to generic (5.5% vs 2.4%; OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.30–2.64, p < 0.001) and between generic drugs (14.7% vs 7.1%; OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.13–1.87, p = 0.004).InterpretationIn previously seizure‐free patients, switching the manufacturer of antiepileptic medications was associated with a higher risk for seizure recurrence. Our retrospective approach does not allow us to determine whether other changes in medical care at the same time could contribute to the recurrence. However, it would be prudent to avoid switching the manufacturer of anticonvulsants in seizure‐free patients. Ann Neurol 2018;84:918–925
Green synthesis and characterization of palladium nanoparticles supported on zeolite Y by sonochemical method, powerful and efficient catalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of aryl halides with phenylboronic acid
Authors: Tadjarodi Azadeh , Dehghani Modarres , Imani Mina 
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we report effective, useful and environmental compatible ultrasound method for the synthesis of zeolite–Y. Then, the prepared product was composed with palladium nanoparticles by sonication treatment. The prepared zeolite Y–Pd nanoparticles was used as catalyst in Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of aryl halides (Ar‐X, X = I, Br, Cl, F) with phenylboronic acid. Based on our studies, the prepared zeolite Y‐Palladium nanoparticles revealed a high catalytic performance in Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction so that aryl fluoride can even react with phenylboronic acid by utilizing this catalyst. The advantages of the use of this catalyst in Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction are green solvent, short reaction time, high yields, ligandless and recyclable. Structure and morphology of the synthesized zeolite‐Y and zeolite‐Y‐Palladium nanoparticles were characterized by FT‐IR (Fourier transform infrared), XRD (X‐ray diffraction), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), EDX (Energy dispersive analysis of X‐ray), BET (Brunauer Emmett Teller) and ICP‐MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry).
Enhancement of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractility by Alterations of Membranous Architecture
Authors: Kuo Kuo‐Hsing , Leo Joyce M. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPlasma membrane (PM) of smooth muscle cells hosts channel molecules regulating the flow of various ions. An intact architecture of PM is essential to orchestrate proper channel functions in order to complete agonist‐mediated contraction, which includes Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to initiate contraction, and subsequent Ca2+ refilling into SR through PM to sustain muscle contraction. The Junctional Complex (JC), comprising of junctional SR, and its apposing PM and neighboring caveolae, provides a quasi‐enclosed microdomain housing receptors as well as ion channels and also restricting ion diffusions into the cytosol so the cell achieves optimal performance. The spatial arrangement of the JC is believed to ensure an uninterrupted Ca2+ cycling route. Full understanding of the functional role of the JC is the key to elucidating the contractile mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle and the physiological function of vessel contraction. The JC can be further divided into two sub‐divisions, namely the PM‐SR and caveolar regions. Previously, we demonstrated the role of the PM‐SR region in the initiation of muscle contraction using pharmacological tools on the inferior vena cava (IVC) of rabbit. In the current study, we further dissected the caveolar region using a cholesterol‐disrupting agent to investigate the role of the caveolar region. We conclude that disruption of the caveolar region in rabbit IVC smooth muscle results in augmented muscle contraction in response to adrenergic stimulation and the altered Ca2+ signaling may underlie the augmented contractility. Anat Rec, 302:186–192, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trophoblast–endothelium signaling involves angiogenesis and apoptosis in a dynamic bioprinted placenta model
Authors: Kuo Che‐Ying , Shevchuk Mariya , Opfermann Justin , Guo Ting , Santoro Marco , Fisher John P. , Kim Peter CW 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTrophoblast invasion and remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries are required for pregnancy success. Aberrant endothelium–trophoblast crosstalk may lead to preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication that has serious effects on both the mother and the baby. However, our understanding of the mechanisms involved in this pathology remains elementary because the current in vitro models cannot describe trophoblast–endothelium interactions under dynamic culture. In this study, we developed a dynamic three‐dimensional (3D) placenta model by bioprinting trophoblasts and an endothelialized lumen in a perfusion bioreactor. We found the 3D printed perfusion bioreactor system significantly augmented responses of endothelial cells by encouraging network formations and expressions of angiogenic markers, cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP9), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Bioprinting favored colocalization of trophoblasts with endothelial cells, similar to in vivo observations. Additional analysis revealed that trophoblasts reduced the angiogenic responses by reducing network formation and motility rates while inducing apoptosis of endothelial cells. Moreover, the presence of endothelial cells appeared to inhibit trophoblast invasion rates. These results clearly demonstrated the utility and potential of bioprinting and perfusion bioreactor system to model trophoblast–endothelium interactions in vitro. Our bioprinted placenta model represents a crucial step to develop advanced research approach that will expand our understanding and treatment options of preeclampsia and other pregnancy‐related pathologies.
Weaker semantic language lateralization associated with better semantic language performance in healthy right‐handed children
Authors: Bartha‐Doering Lisa , Kollndorfer Kathrin , Kasprian Gregor , Novak Astrid , Schuler Anna‐Lisa , Fischmeister Florian Ph. S. , Alexopoulos Johanna , Gaillard William Davis , Prayer Daniela , Seidl Rainer , Berl Madison M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe relationship between language abilities and language lateralization in the developing brain is important for our understanding of the neural architecture of language development.MethodsWe investigated 35 right‐handed children and adolescents aged 7–16 years with a functional magnetic resonance imaging language paradigm and a comprehensive language and verbal memory examination.ResultsWe found that less lateralized language was significantly correlated with better language performance across areas of the brain and across different language tasks. Less lateralized language in the overall brain was associated with better in‐scanner task accuracy on a semantic language decision task and out‐of‐scanner vocabulary and verbal fluency. Specifically, less lateralized frontal lobe language dominance was associated with better in‐scanner task accuracy and out‐of‐scanner verbal fluency. Furthermore, less lateralized parietal language was associated with better out‐of‐scanner verbal memory across learning, short‐ and long‐delay trials. In contrast, we did not find any relationship between temporal lobe language laterality and verbal performance.ConclusionsThis study suggests that semantic language performance is better with some involvement of the nondominant hemisphere.
33‐year‐old HIV‐positive patient presenting with primary effusion lymphoma
Authors: Qureshi Ihtesham A. , Zul‐Farah Syed , Carbajal Luis , Chang Aymara 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageOur patient presenting with symptoms of shortness of breath and fever, noncompliant with antiretroviral therapy was found to have a rare HIV‐associated non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma that carries a dismal prognosis. Early recognition of this condition with prompt treatment may provide a marginal benefit to the patient's overall life expectancy.
Detecting Counterfeit Brandies
Authors: Wang Benhua , Han Jinsong , Zhang Hao , Bender Markus , Biella Aike , Seehafer Kai , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA hypothesis‐free sensor array (optoelectronic tongue) composed of an anionic, a cationic and two neutral poly(para‐aryleneethynylene)s (PAE) at pH 3, 7 and 13 discriminate more than 30 spirits (including brandy, Branntwein, Cognac, Spirituose, and Weinbrand). Counterfeits (made by mixing of low‐quality spirits and caramel colour) and different batches of identical brands of brandies are discriminated. The sensor array works without sample preparation or great instrumental cost, and is superior to conventional methods with respect to sample need (10–20 μL), time and effort. The discrimination stems from differential fluorescence quenching of the PAE‐array by the complex mixture of the beverages’ colourants, from the oak barrels or added caramel colour. The collected quenching data were analysed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve successful discrimination.