bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Inductive Proof of Bertrand's Postulate
Authors: Arif Bijoy Rahman 
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we are going to prove a famous problem concerning the prime numbers called Bertrand's postulate. It states that there is always at least one prime, p between n and 2n, means, there exists n < p < 2n where n > 1. It is not a newer theorem to be proven. It was first conjectured by Joseph Bertrand in 1845. He did not find a proof of this problem but made important numerical evidence for the large values of n. Eventually, it was successfully proven by Pafnuty Chebyshev in 1852. That is why it is also called Bertrand-Chebyshev theorem. Though it does not give very strong idea about the prime distribution like Prime Number Theorem (PNT) does, the beauty of Bertrand's postulate lies on its simple yet elegant definition. Historically, Bertrand's postulate is also very important. After Euclid's proof that there are infinite prime numbers, there was no significant development in the prime number distribution. Peter Dirichlet stated the standard form of Prime Number Theorem (PNT) in 1838 but it was merely a conjecture that time and beyond the scope of proof to the then mathematicians. Bertrand's postulate was a simply stated problem but powerful enough, easy to prove and could lead many more strong assumptions about the prime number distribution. Illustrious Indian mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan gave a shorter but elegant proof using the concept of Chebyshev functions of prime, υ(x), Ψ(x)and Gamma function, Γ(x) in 1919 which led to the concept of Ramanujan Prime. Later Paul Erdős published another proof using the concept of Primorial function, p# in 1932. The elegance of our proof lies on not using Gamma function yet finding the better approximations of Chebyshev functions of prime. The proof technique is very similar the way Ramanujan proved it but instead of using the Stirling's approximation to the binomial coefficients, we are proving similar results using well-known proving technique the mathematical induction and they lead to somewhat stronger than Ramanujan's approximation of Chebyshev functions of prime.
GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 38 (2018) 85-87
Pemberdayaan Kelompok Ibu Rumah Tangga Desa Tambaan Kecamatan Camplong Kabupaten Sampang Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Wildani Arin 
Published: January 2019

Ibu rumah tangga memiliki peran dan potensi yang sangat strategis dalam mendukung program pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Karena itu, program pemberdayaan ibu rumah tangga dalam bidang ekonomi perlu dimaksimalkan. Program kemitraan masyarakat (PKM) ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memaksimalkan peran serta ibu rumah tangga dalam mengisi waktu luangnya untuk meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga. Mitra pada program ini yaitu kelompok ibu rumah tangga Dusun Gayam dan kelompok ibu rumah tangga Dusun Pesisir Desa Tambaan Kecamatan Camplong Kabupaten Sampang. Masalah yang dihadapi mitra yaitu kurangnya pengetahuan untuk berwirausaha dan minimnya keterampilan yang dimiliki. Berdasarkan hasil observasi lapangan Desa Tambaan memiliki terdapat banyak tambak garam dan sebagian besar masyarakatnya merupakan petani garam. Sehingga pada program ini ditawarkan solusi yaitu pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam produksi garam yodium skala rumah tangga.
Program ini dilakukan dengan metode penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan. Penyuluhan yang dilakukan antara lain penyuluhan pentingnya konsumsi garam beryodium dan penyuluhan wirausaha dalam skala rumah tangga. Pelatihan yang dilakukan yaitu pelatihan pembuatan hingga pengemasan garam yodium. Hasil dari PKM ini yaitu (1) kelompok IRT Dusun Gayam dan Dusun Pesisir mengetahui pentingnya garam yodium sehingga tidak lagi menggunakan garam krosok yang diambil langsung dari tambak. (2) kelompok IRT Dusun Gayam dan Dusun Pesisir bisa membuat garam yodium dengan mengolah garam krosok yang di dapat dari tambak. (3) kelompok IRT Dusun Gayam dan Dusun Pesisir memahami usaha garam yodium skala rumah tangga. (4) kelompok IRT Dusun Gayam dan Dusun Pesisir memproduksi garam yodium dan menjual garam tersebut.
KEMISKINAN, PENDIDIKAN, KEWIRASWASTAAN DAN PENGANGGURAN DI DAERAH PROPISNSI KALIMANTAN UTARA (KALTARA)
Authors: Pangesti Indah 
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mendiskripsikan keadaan sosial ekonomi, serta kewiraswastaan di daerah Kalimantan Utara (KalTara) ; (2) Untuk menentukan dan menganalisis pengaruh antara tingkat pendidikan dengan tingkat kemiskinan di Kalimantan Utara (KalTara) ; (3) Menentukan dan menganalisis pengaruh tingkat pendidikan dengan tingkat pengangguran serta kewiraswastaan di Kalimantan Utara (KalTara). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : (1) Keadaan sosial ekonomi di daerah Kalimantan Utara (KalTara) terutama di daerah perbatasan dengan Sabah Serawak Malaysia sangat menyedihkan ; (2) Terdapat pengaruh antara tingkat pendidikan yang rendah dengan tingkat tingkat kemiskinan yang ada di Kalimantan Utara (KalTara) ; (3) Terdapat pengaruh antara tingkat pengangguran yang tinggi dengan tingkat pendidikan dan kewiraswastaan yang rendah. Saran : memutus lingkaran setan kemiskinan dengan cara membuka Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) dan pelatihan kewiraswastaan. Kata kunci:Tingkat Pendidikan, Tingkat Kemiskinan, Tingkat Pengangguran
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN MENTAL BERWIRAUSAHA TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA
Authors: Ariyanti Anik 
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh motivasi dan mental berwirausaha terhadap minat berwirausaha mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Manajemen STIE IPWI Jakarta. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Manajemen STIE IPWI Jakarta angkatan 2014-2015 yang mayoritas sudah pernah menempuh mata kuliah Kewirausahaan. Penelitian ini mengunakan pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 40 mahasiswa dari jumlah populasi 200 mahasiwa. Data dioleh dengan menggunakan SPSS 16 dan diuji dengan uji validitas, reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi ganda, uji uji hipotesis dan uji koefisien determinasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi berwirausaha berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat berwirausaha, mental berwirausaha berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat berwirausaha dan secara simultan motivasi berwirausaha dan mental berwirausaha berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat berwirausaha para mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Manajemen STIE IPWI Jakarta. Â Kata Kunci: motivasi berwirausaha, mental berwirausaha dan minat berwirausaha
BAURAN PEMASARAN JASA DALAM MEMPENGARUHI KEPUASAN PENGGUNA JASA HOTEL DI DEPOK
Authors: Rukiah Rukiah 
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh bauran pemasaran jasa yang terdiri dari produk, harga, promosi, lokasi, orang, proses dan bukti fisik terhadap kepuasan pengguna jasa hotel di Depok.Pengumpulan data dilakukan langsung dengan mengajukan kuesioner kepada para tamu hotel di kota Depok. Santika Premiere Jakarta. Sample yang dipilih adalah sebanyak 100 tamu hotel sebagai responden yang diambil secara acak.Hasil penelitian menghasilkan model yang layak untuk menjelaskan pengaruh bauran pemasaran jasa terhadap kepuasan. Model penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk, harga, promosi, lokasi, orang, proses, dan bukti fisik mampu menjelaskan 65,5% variasi kepuasan. Hanya variable Produk dan Promosi yang berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan sementara Harga, Lokasi, Orang, Proses, dan Bukti Fisik tidak berpengaruh terhadap Kepuasan. Kata kunci:Bauran pemasaran jasa, Produk, Harga, Promosi, Lokasi, Orang, Proses, Bukti fisik, Kepuasan
Sistem Pendataan Pendistribusian Minuman Pada PT. Coca Cola Amatil Indonesia Cabang Pekanbaru Menggunakan Metode Distribution Requirement Planning
Authors: Pramono Eko , - Karpen 
Published: January 2019

PT.Â CocaÂ ColaÂ AmatilÂ IndonesiaÂ Cabang PekanbaruÂ merupakanÂ salahÂ satuÂ perusahaanÂ yang bergerakÂ diÂ bidangÂ distribusiÂ minumanÂ CocaÂ Cola yang berada di Pekanbaru. Sistem distribusi PT. Coca ColaÂ AmatilÂ CabangÂ PekanbaruÂ yangÂ saatÂ ini dijalankanÂ olehÂ perusahaanÂ memilikiÂ beberapa kelemahan.Â DiantaranyaÂ adalahÂ seringÂ terjadinya kelebihanÂ atauÂ kekuranganÂ terhadapÂ permintaan produkÂ danÂ keterlambatanÂ pengirimanÂ produkÂ atas suatuÂ pesanan.Â OlehÂ sebabÂ itu,Â perluÂ dibuatÂ suatu sistem yang dapat menangani permasalahan yangÂ ada dalamÂ halÂ pendistribusianÂ produk.Â MetodeÂ yang digunakanÂ dalamÂ penelitianÂ iniÂ adalahÂ metode Distribution Requirement Planning (DRP). Metode ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan berapa jumlah produk dan kapan pengiriman akan dilakukan untuk tiap-tiap saluranÂ distribusi.Â OutputÂ yangÂ dihasilkanÂ berupa Laporan Hasil DRP Keseluruhan, Laporan Hasil DRP PerÂ Daerah,Â GrafikÂ HasilÂ DRPÂ KeseluruhanÂ dan Grafik Hasil DRP Per Daerah
Diagnosis Kanker Darah pada Anak dengan Metoda Breadth First Search pada Inferensi Forward Chaining
Authors: Efendi Yoyon 
Published: January 2019

Kanker darah merupakan salah satu penyakit kanker yang paling banyak dialami anak-anak, salah satunya di Provinsi Riau. Tingginya penderita kanker darah di Provinsi Riau karena kurangnya pencegahan dini terhadap penderita kanker darah.Â Selanjutnya kurangnya pengetahuan orang tua penderita terhadap penyakit ini. Maka diperlukan aplikasi sistem pakar untuk mendeteksi awal kanker darah pada anak. orang tua dapat mendeteksi anak yang terindikasi menderita kanker darah melalui diagnosis dari ciri-ciri fisik yang tampak pada anak. Aplikasi ini menggunakan metoda Breadth First Search (BFS) pada inferensi Forward Chaining. Aplikasi ini akan membantu menekan angka penderita kanker darah dan membantu RSUD Arifin Achmad dalam peningakatn pelayanan. Â
Diagnosa Jenis Penyakit Epilepsi pada Anak Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor
Authors: - Junadhi , - Agustin 
Published: January 2019

Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi sudah dilakukan di berbagai sektor kehidupan, tidak terkecuali bidang kesehatan. Salah satunya yaitu pemanfaatan sistem pakar. Sistem pakar dapat menggantikan peran seorang dokter dalam mengalisa suatu penyakit dan mengambil keputusan seperti yang biasa dilakukan oleh seorang pakar. Dalam penelitian ini sistem pakar digunakan dalam mendiagnosa penyakit epilepsi pada anak menggunakan metode certainty factor. Epilepsi terjadi karena adanya gangguan saraf pada batang otak yang dapat menimbulkan ketidaksadaran, emosi, halusinasi, kejang dan nyeri pada bagian kepala. Hasil implementasi yang telah dilakukan, aplikai sistem pakarÂ menggunakan metode certainty factor dapat menganalisis gejala-gejala jenis penyakit epilepsi berdasarkan gejala yang diberikan oleh pasien menjadi sebuah keputusan jenis penyakit epilepsi. Sehingga aplikasi ini dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi dokter dalam melakukan diagnosa penyakit epilepsi pada anak dengan cepat, mudah dan efektif.
The Interacting Late-type Host Galaxy of the Radio-loud Narrow-line Seyfert 1 IRAS 20181-2244
Authors: Berton M. , Congiu E. , Ciroi S. , Komossa S. , Frezzato M. , Mille F. Di , Antón S. , Antonucci R. , Caccianiga A. , Coppi P. , Järvelä E. , Kotilainen J. , Lähteenmäki A. , Mathur S. , Chen S. , Cracco V. , Mura G. La , Rafanelli P. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) are a class of active galactic nuclei that are known to be one of the few sources of γ-rays, which originate in a relativistic beamed jet. Because of their relatively large distance, a poorly investigated aspect of these jetted NLS1s is their environment, and in particular, their host galaxy. In this work, we present the results of a morphological analysis of the host galaxy of the jetted NLS1 IRAS 20181-2244 observed with the 6.5 m Baade Telescope of the Las Campanas Observatory. The GALFIT analysis run on the Ks image, along with additional spectroscopic observations performed with the Nordic Optical Telescope, clearly revealed the presence of an interacting system of two galaxies. The data suggest that this NLS1 is hosted by a late-type galaxy, although the result is not conclusive. This analysis, along with other results in the literature, might suggest that two populations of jetted NLS1 exist. Further morphological studies are needed to confirm or disprove this hypothesis.
New Variable Stars in NGC 6652 and Its Background Sagittarius Stream∗
Authors: Salinas Ricardo , Vivas A. Katherina , Ramos Rodrigo Contreras 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We conducted a variable star search on the metal-rich Galactic globular cluster NGC 6652 using archival Gemini-S/Gemini Multiobject Spectrograph data. We report the discovery of nine new variable stars in the NGC 6652 field, of which we classify six as eclipsing binaries and one as an SX Phoenicis star, leaving two variables without classification. Using proper motions from Gaia DR2 and Hubble Space Telescope, albeit with some uncertainties, we find that the cluster, the field, and the background Sagittarius stream each have three of these variables. We also reassess the membership of known variables based on the Gaia proper motions, confirming the existence of one RR Lyrae star in the cluster.
The Fluid-like and Kinetic Behavior of Kinetic Alfvén Turbulence in Space Plasma
Authors: Wu Honghong , Verscharen Daniel , Wicks Robert T. , Chen Christopher H. K. , He Jiansen , Nicolaou Georgios 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) are the short-wavelength extension of the magnetohydrodynamics Alfvén-wave branch in the case of highly oblique propagation with respect to the background magnetic field. Observations of space plasma show that small-scale turbulence is mainly KAW-like. We apply two theoretical approaches, a collisional two-fluid theory and a collisionless linear kinetic theory, to obtain predictions for the KAW polarizations depending on β
p (the ratio of the proton thermal pressure to the magnetic pressure) at the ion gyroscale in terms of fluctuations in density, bulk velocity, and pressure. We perform a wavelet analysis of Magnetospheric Multiscale magnetosheath measurements and compare the observations with both theories. We find that the two-fluid theory predicts the observations better than the kinetic theory, suggesting that the small-scale KAW-like fluctuations exhibit a fluid-like behavior in the magnetosheath although the plasma is weakly collisional. We also present predictions for the KAW polarizations in the inner heliosphere that are testable with Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter.
Analysis of the Duration–Hardness Ratio Plane of Gamma-Ray Bursts Using Skewed Distributions
Authors: Tarnopolski Mariusz 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The two widely accepted classes of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), short and long, are with confidence ascribed to mergers of compact objects and collapse of massive stars, respectively. A third, intermediate/soft class, remains putative. Its existence was claimed based on univariate and bivariate analyses of GRB observables modeled with Gaussian distributions. This, however, may not be the appropriate approach, as it has already been shown that the univariate distributions of durations are better described by mixtures of two skewed components rather than three Gaussian ones. This paper investigates whether data in the duration–hardness ratio plane is better modeled by mixtures of skewed bivariate distributions than by normal ones. The archival data set of the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory/BATSE and Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor data from the most recent catalog release are examined. The preferred model is chosen based on two information criteria, Akaike and Bayesian. It is found that the best description is given by a two-component mixture of skewed Student-t distributions, which outperforms any other model considered. This implies that the distribution of the studied parameters is intrinsically skewed, introducing spurious Gaussian components, and hence the third class is unlikely to be a real phenomenon. Its existence, based on statistical inference, is therefore rejected as unnecessary to explain the observations.
Numerical Study of Inertial Kinetic-Alfvén Turbulence
Authors: Roytershteyn Vadim , Boldyrev Stanislav , Delzanno Gian Luca , Chen Christopher H. K. , Grošelj Daniel , Loureiro Nuno F. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Recent observational and analytical studies suggested that a new regime of kinetic turbulence may exist in plasma environments with low electron beta (Chen & Boldyrev 2017). Such a regime, termed inertial kinetic-Alfvén turbulence (iKAW), is relevant for the solar corona, Earth’s magnetosheath, and other astrophysical systems where the electron and ion plasma beta parameters satisfy the condition β

e
≪ β

i
≲ 1. In this paper we present kinetic numerical simulations that confirm the existence of the iKAW regime. Specifically, the simulations demonstrate a transition at scales below electron inertial length d

e
when β

e
≪ β

i
≲ 1. Spectral slopes and other statistical properties of turbulence at sub-d

e
scales are consistent with the phenomenological theory of inertial kinetic-Alfvén turbulence proposed by Chen & Boldyrev (2017) and with the recent observations in the Earth’s magnetosheath.
Force-free Field Reconstructions Enhanced by Chromospheric Magnetic Field Data
Authors: Fleishman Gregory , Mysh’yakov Ivan , Stupishin Alexey , Loukitcheva Maria , Anfinogentov Sergey 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A 3D picture of the coronal magnetic field remains an outstanding problem in solar physics, particularly in active regions. Nonlinear force-free field reconstructions that employ routinely available full-disk photospheric vector magnetograms represent state-of-the-art coronal magnetic field modeling. Such reconstructions, however, suffer from an inconsistency between a force-free coronal magnetic field and a non-force-free photospheric boundary condition, from which the coronal reconstruction is performed. In this study we focus on integrating the additional chromospheric and/or coronal magnetic field data with the vector photospheric magnetograms with the goal of improving the reliability of the magnetic field reconstructions. We develop a corresponding modification of the available optimization codes described in Fleishman et al. and test their performance using a full-fledged magnetohydrodynamics model obtained from the Bifrost code by performing a “voxel-by-voxel” comparison between the reconstructed and the model magnetic fields. We demonstrate that adding even an incomplete set of chromospheric magnetic field data can measurably improve the reconstruction of the coronal magnetic field and greatly improve reconstructions of the magnetic connectivity and of the coronal electric current.
Polarization with a Three-dimensional Mixed Magnetic Field and Its Application to GRB 170817A
Authors: Lan Mi-Xiang , Geng Jin-Jun , Wu Xue-Feng , Dai Zi-Gao 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A large-scale ordered magnetic field plays a very important role in the formation and acceleration of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet. During the GRB prompt phase, some dissipation processes may occur and disturb the magnetic field, making the field become random to some extent. Therefore, a mixed magnetic field consisting of an ordered component and a random component is plausible for the early afterglow phase. Here we investigate the polarization evolution and light curve of an afterglow under such a three-dimensional mixed magnetic field. Three kinds of ordered component (i.e., aligned, toroidal, and radial) are discussed. We find that the three cases are distinguishable through jet polarization evolution. The polarization angle for a 3D mixed magnetic field with an aligned ordered component can evolve gradually but only changes abruptly by 90° in the toroidal and radial cases. Furthermore, during the reverse shock crossing time, the polarization degree (PD) can be non-zero for the toroidal case but roughly zero for the radial case. Since an aligned component in a jet corresponds to a magnetar central engine and a toroidal component corresponds to a black hole, GRB central engines are distinguishable through polarization observations even if the magnetic field is mixed in a jet. In addition, our polarization calculation can be applied to GRB 170817A associated with GW170817. Using the recently observed PD upper limit 12% of GRB 170817A at t = 244 days, the magnetic field strength ratio of the ordered to random components in this afterglow is constrained to be ≲0.9.
Long-Term Results of Hang-Back Medial Rectus Recession
Authors: Breckenridge Anita L W , Dickman David M , Nelson Leonard B , Attia Maher , Ceyhan Dogan 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To report long-term results with the hang-back technique for medial rectus muscle recession.
Methods: Medical records of 341 consecutive patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral hang-back medial rectus recession were reviewed. The amount of recession was based on the size of the esotropia as measured at near fixation. Ratients were divided into two groups according to age at onset of esotropia: patients <1 year comprised group 1 and patients s*1 year comprised group 2. Surgical outcomes were analyzed for all patients included in the study.
Results: A total of 1 89 patients met the inclusion criteria. In group 1 patients (n=32), average deviation improved from 48.3 prism diopters (PD) preoperatively to 1.1 PD postoperatively. Eleven patients required a second procedure: 9 with recurrent esotropia and 2 with consecutive exotropia. Average time to second procedure was 27.4 months. In group 2 patients (n=157), average deviation improved from 29.6 PD preoperatively to 1.1 PD postoperatively. Twenty-one patients required a second procedure: 20 with recurrent esotropia and 1 with consecutive exotropia. Average time to second procedure was 22.7 months.
Conclusion: The hang-back technique represents a safe, effective alternative to conventional medial rectus recession.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2003;40: 81-84.
Evolution of Ocular Manifestations in Nephropathic Cystinosis: A Long-Term Study of a Population Treated With Cysteamine
Authors: Dureau Pascal , Broyer Michel , Dufier Jean-Louis 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Nephropathic cystinosis is characterized by an accumulation of cystine crystals within most body tissues. Renal transplantation and oral cysteamine have improved the general prognosis of the disease, and ocular manifestations are now the most common complication. This long-term follow-up study describes the sequence of ocular manifestations in patients with nephropathic cystinosis treated with oral and topical cysteamine.
Methods: Data were recorded for all patients with cystinosis examined between 1980 and 2000. For each patient, photophobia and visual acuity were evaluated and slit-lamp and fundus examinations were performed. For some patients, an electroretinogram was also performed.
Results: Twenty-nine patients were observed during this period. They received oral and topical cysteamine. Photophobia and loss of visual acuity generally began by 10 years of age but were severe only after 15 years of age. Peripheral corneal epithelial infiltration appeared in the first few years of life. Infiltration evolved toward the depth and center of the cornea during the second decade of life. Retinopathy was present in 51.7% of the patients, with 3 cases of maculopathy and 3 cases of flattening on electroretinogram.
Conclusions: Photophobia and corneal infiltration, although generally severe after 15 years of age, could be treated with topical cysteamine and corneal transplantation. Retinal infiltration, previously described as frequent and potentially blinding, is currently observed in only half of these patients, with mild visual impairment. This could be related to the treatment with oral cysteamine reaching the retinal vascularization.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003,40:142-146.