bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peptide Nanomaterials Designed from Natural Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Inaba Hiroshi , Matsuura Kazunori 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNatural supramolecular assemblies exhibit unique structural and functional properties that have been optimized over the course of evolution. Inspired by these natural systems, various bio‐nanomaterials have been developed using peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids as components. Peptides are attractive building blocks because they enable the important domains of natural protein assemblies to be isolated and optimized while retaining the original structures and functions. Furthermore, the peptide subunits can be conjugated with exogenous molecules such as peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and metal nanoparticles to generate advanced functions. In this personal account, we summarize recent progress in the construction of peptide‐based nanomaterial designed from natural supramolecular systems, including (1) artificial viral capsids, (2) self‐assembled nanofibers, and (3) protein‐binding motifs. The peptides inspired by nature should provide new design principles for bio‐nanomaterials.
Left Hepatectomy with Combined Resection and Reconstruction of Right Hepatic Artery for Bismuth Type I and II Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Nakagawa Masahiro , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundRight hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy (RHx) is considered an appropriate procedure for Bismuth type I/II perihilar cholangiocarcinoma in terms of its anatomical and oncological aspect. However, validity of left hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy (LHx) concomitant with arterial resection and reconstruction (AR) is not fully evaluated.MethodsThe patients who underwent surgical resection for Bismuth type I/II perihilar cholangiocarcinoma between 2002 and 2013 were studied. The standard procedure for Bismuth type I/II cholangiocarcinoma in the institute was RHx, while in patients who had insufficient functional reserve of the left liver, LHx was selected, irrespective of the necessity of AR. The clinicopathologic and perioperative outcomes after LHx + AR were compared with those after RHx.ResultsThe surgical procedures comprised LHx + AR in 12 and RHx in 24. The left liver volume and left liver functional reserve were significantly lower with LHx + AR than with RHx (left liver volume: 28.0 vs. 33.7%, p = 0.026; estimated indocyanine green clearance of the left liver: 0.036 vs. 0.046, p < 0.001). The rate of surgical morbidity was almost identical between the two procedures. No arterial reconstruction‐related complications occurred. The overall 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates and median survival time were 66.7%, 41.7% and 44 months for LHx + AR and 70.8%, 49.0% and 57 months for RHx (p = 0.640).ConclusionLHx + AR for Bismuth type I/II perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is considered to be a valid alternative to RHx in patients with an insufficient left liver functional reserve.
A framework for national climate indicators
Authors: Kenney Melissa A. , Janetos Anthony C. , Gerst Michael D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIndicators have been proposed as critical elements for sustained climate assessment. Indicators provide a foundation for assessing change on an ongoing basis and presenting that information in a manner that is relevant to a broad range of decisions. As part of a sustained US National Climate Assessment, a pilot indicator system was implemented, informed by recommendations and (Kenney et al. 2014; Janetos and Kenney 2015; Kenney et al. Clim Chang 135(1):85–96, 2016). This paper extends this work to recommend a framework and topical categories for a system of climate indicators for the nation. We provide an overview of the indicator system as a whole: its goals, the design criteria for the indicators and the system as a whole, the selection of sectors, the use of conceptual models to transparently identify relevant indicators, examples of the actual indicators proposed, our vision for how the overall network can be used, and how it could evolve over time. Individual papers as part of this special issue provide system or sector-specific details as to how to operationalize the conceptual framework; these recommendations do not imply any decisions that are made ultimately by US federal agencies.
Internal structure, active tectonics and dynamic topography of the eastern Nankai accretionary prism toe, Japan, and its tsunamigenic potential
Authors: Kawamura Kiichiro , Ogawa Yujiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe eastern Nankai accretionary prism toe was surveyed to evaluate the nature and deformation of its frontal thrust. According to the determined porosities and yield strengths, turbidites were successively buried down to depths of 250–300 m before accretion, and were then exposed at the prism toe by uplift along the Tenryu frontal thrust during 3.4–1.98 Ma. Consolidation tests provided reasonable estimates of burial depth and, when combined with exposed sediment dates, yield prism toe uplift rates of 0.74–2.27 m ka–1. The displacement along the frontal thrust is estimated to be 500–900 m and the slip rates are 1.47–4.55 m ka–1, corresponding to the highest class of active faults on land in Japan. During the surveys of the Tenryu frontal thrust zone, we discovered a new active fault scarp that was several tens of centimetres high, interpreted to be a protothrust locatedc.100 m south of the frontal thrust. This scarp is associated with chemosynthetic biocommunities. The thrust might potentially be the result of displacement during the East Nankai (To-Nankai) earthquake (Mw8.1) in 1944. These lines of evidence indicate that the Tenryu frontal thrust is still active and that displacement along the thrust might induce a tsunami during future Tokai or To-Nankai earthquakes.
BRUSH TALK AS THE ‘LINGUA FRANCA’ OF DIPLOMACY IN JAPANESE–KOREAN ENCOUNTERS, c. 1600–1868
Authors: CLEMENTS REBEKAH 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe study of early modern diplomatic history has in recent decades expanded beyond a bureaucratic, state-centric focus to consider the processes and personal interactions by which international relations were maintained. Scholars have begun to consider, among other factors, the role of diplomatic gifts, diplomatic hospitality, and diplomatic culture. This article contributes to this discussion from an East Asian perspective by considering the role of ‘brush talk’ – written exchanges of classical, literary Chinese – during diplomatic missions from the Korean Chosŏn court to the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan during the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. Drawing upon official records, personal diaries, and illustrations, I argue that brush talk was not an official part of diplomatic ceremony and that brushed encounters with Korean officials even extended to people of the townsman classes. Brush talk was as much about ritual display, calligraphic art, and drawing upon a shared storehouse of civilized learning as it was about communicating factual content through language. These visual, performative aspects of brush talk in East Asian diplomacy take it beyond the realm of how alingua francais usually conceived, adding to the growing body of scholarship on how this concept applies to non-Western histories.
Finding the dead: bodies, bones and burials from the 1845 Franklin northwest passage Expedition
Authors: Stenton Douglas R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOn 22 April 1848, after three years in the Arctic, and 19 months spent ice-bound in northern Victoria Strait, the 105 surviving officers and crew of the Franklin Northwest Passage expedition deserted HMSErebusand HMSTerroras the first step of their escape plan. They assembled at a camp south of Victory Point on the northwest coast of King William Island and made the final preparations for the next step, a 400 km trek along the frozen seashores of King William Island and Adelaide Peninsula to the Back River. All of the men died before reaching their destination, and their remains have been found at 35 locations along the route of the retreat. These discoveries have played a central role in reenactments of events thought to have occurred during the failed attempt to reach the Back River and to the disastrous outcome of the expedition. This paper presents a summary of these findings and examines the criteria used to attribute them to the Franklin expedition. It is suggested that approximately one-third of the identifications have been based on information that is inadequate to confidently assign the human remains as those of Franklin expedition personnel.
Predicting first-episode psychosis patients who will never relapse over 10 years
Authors: Hui Christy LM , Honer William G , Lee Edwin HM , Chang WC , Chan Sherry KW , Chen Emily SM , Pang Edwin PF , Lui Simon SY , Chung Dicky WS , Yeung WS , Ng Roger MK , Lo William TL , Jones Peter B , Sham Pak , Chen Eric YH 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough relapse in psychosis is common, a small proportion of patients will not relapse in the long term. We examined the proportion and predictors of patients who never relapsed in the 10 years following complete resolution of positive symptoms from their first psychotic episode.MethodPatients who previously enrolled in a 12-month randomized controlled trial on medication discontinuation and relapse following first-episode psychosis (FEP) were followed up after 10 years. Relapse of positive symptoms was operationalized as a change from a Clinical Global Impression scale positive score of <3 for at least 3 consecutive months to a score of ⩾3 (mild or more severe). Baseline predictors included basic demographics, premorbid functioning, symptoms, functioning, and neurocognitive functioning.ResultsOut of 178 first-episode patients, 37 (21%) never relapsed during the 10-year period. Univariate predictors (p ⩽ 0.1) of patients who never relapsed included a duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) ⩽30 days, diagnosed with non-schizophrenia spectrum disorders, having less severe negative symptoms, and performing better in logical memory immediate recall and verbal fluency tests. A multivariate logistic regression analysis further suggested that the absence of any relapsing episodes was significantly related to better short-term verbal memory, shorter DUP, and non-schizophrenia spectrum disorders.ConclusionsTreatment delay and neurocognitive function are potentially modifiable predictors of good long-term prognosis in FEP. These predictors are informative as they can be incorporated into an optimum risk prediction model in the future, which would help with clinical decision making regarding maintenance treatment in FEP.
De facto regulatory decision-making processes in telecommunications regulation: explaining influence relationships with exponential random graph models
Authors: González Camilo Ignacio , Verhoest Koen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractResearch on regulation has focussed on explaining the independence of sector regulators and assessing the effects of regulations on markets. This article broadens the scope of such research by studying and explaining how regulatory actors interact at the de facto level in a multi-actor regulatory arrangement when making regulatory decisions in the telecommunications sector of Colombia. We propose that regulatory decisions depend on the manner in which actors influence each other. In this article, we are not only focussing on the policy outcome itself but also on the regulatory decision-making process. We performed a social network analysis and used an exponential random graph model to analyse the data. Our findings suggest that actors’ level of influence is affected by the access they have to other organisations, the divergence of positions they have with these other organisations and the power resources of an organisation. In addition, there are structural network characteristics that affect regulatory decisionmaking.
Belgian temporary workers at end of working life: an intersectional lifecourse analysis
Authors: Burnay Nathalie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe sector of temporary employment agencies in Belgium has been growing for more than 20 years. If temporary work is seen primarily as a path into the workforce for young people, it also concerns seniors, in increasing proportions. The problematic of end-of-career temporary work was analysed from a dual perspective, considering the embedding of temporalities in advanced modernity and more broadly the ‘lifecourse’ paradigm. A typology was created based on qualitative analysis of 36 semi-structured interviews of temporary workers ⩾45 years old. Results demonstrate how the experiences of temporary workers nearing retirement depend on professional, familial and social paths, and also reveal the presence of different cultural models: What is the importance of work in construction of an identity? What standards and values are applied? How is social time prioritised according to these norms? These analyses incorporate an intersectional framework in which gender and social inequalities structure the lives of workers approaching the end of their careers.
A Q-learning approach based on human reasoning for navigation in a dynamic environment
Authors: Yuan Rupeng , Zhang Fuhai , Wang Yu , Fu Yili , Wang Shuguo 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYA Q-learning approach is often used for navigation in static environments where state space is easy to define. In this paper, a new Q-learning approach is proposed for navigation in dynamic environments by imitating human reasoning. As a model-free method, a Q-learning method does not require the environmental model in advance. The state space and the reward function in the proposed approach are defined according to human perception and evaluation, respectively. Specifically, approximate regions instead of accurate measurements are used to define states. Moreover, due to the limitation of robot dynamics, actions for each state are calculated by introducing a dynamic window that takes robot dynamics into account. The conducted tests show that the obstacle avoidance rate of the proposed approach can reach 90.5% after training, and the robot can always operate below the dynamics limitation.
Conceptual design and dimensional synthesis of a novel parallel mechanism for lower-limb rehabilitation
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Wen , Liu Haitao , Zhang Jianxin , Liu Songtao 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYThis paper introduces a novel 2R1T parallel manipulator redundantly actuated by pneumatic muscles for lower-limb rehabilitation. First, the conceptual design of the proposed 3-DOF parallel mechanism is presented. Then, the inverse kinematics and the generalized Jacobian analysis are carried out. Based on the generalized Jacobian and the constraint characteristics of the mechanism, the force/motion transmissibility of the redundantly actuated parallel mechanism is investigatedviafour individual cases without actuation redundancy, leading to a suitable local transmission index for the evaluation of kinematic performance of the proposed mechanism. Finally, the design variables are optimized by maximizing the mean value of the local transmission index with the aid of genetic algorithm. The numerical result shows that the proposed parallel mechanism can achieve a good kinematic performance in its task workspace.
Elimination of arrhythmogenesis after subtotal resection of congenital cardiac fibroma: a case report
Authors: Nabeshima Taisuke , Sato Seiichi , Nakayashiro Mami 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSubtotal tumour resection is used to treat infants with congenital cardiac fibroma and medication-resistant ventricular arrhythmias; however, complete elimination of arrhythmogenic substrates has been unclear. A 4-month-old male infant with congenital cardiac fibroma and ventricular fibrillation underwent subtotal tumour resection and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. Five years later, angiography revealed impending compression of the left coronary artery. Elimination of the arrhythmogenic substrate was confirmed and the device was removed successfully.
Childhood Executive Functioning Predicts Young Adult Outcomes in22q11.2Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Albert Avery B. , Abu-Ramadan Tamara , Kates Wendy R. , Fremont Wanda , Antshel Kevin M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjective:While individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at increased risk for a variety of functional impairments and psychiatric disorders, including psychosis, not all individuals with 22q11DS experience negative outcomes. Efforts to further understand which childhood variables best predict adult functional outcomes are needed, especially those that investigate childhood executive functioning abilities.Methods:This longitudinal study followed 63 individuals with 22q11DS and 43 control participants over 9 years. Childhood executive functioning ability was assessed using both rater-based and performance-based measures and tested as predictors of young adult outcomes.Results:Childhood global executive functioning abilities and parent report of child executive functioning abilities were the most consistent predictors of young adult outcomes. The study group moderated the relationship between child executive functioning and young adult outcomes for several outcomes such that the relationships were stronger in the 22q11DS sample.Conclusion:Rater-based and performance-based measures of childhood executive functioning abilities predicted young adult outcomes in individuals with and without 22q11DS. Executive functioning could be a valuable target for treatment in children with 22q11DS for improving not only childhood functioning but also adult outcomes.(JINS,2018,24, 905–916)
A review of global banking regulation under an assumption of complexity
Authors: Evans John , Li Yifei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe global banking system can be shown to be a Complex Adaptive System that exhibits phase transitions from time to time. These phase transitions can result in significant financial losses to the community that we estimate to be much more significant than losses occurring during “business as usual” periods. In this paper, we argue that the significant losses arising from phase transitions in the banking system requires a very different approach to regulation than the current Basel regime, and that there is a need to transition the Basel regime from a Federation of Systems to a System of Systems. We demonstrate that the World Health Organisation’s recent management system for pandemics is ideally suited for management of the global banking system and would have greater potential to control the phase transition losses than the current Basel system.
Distribution of fungi in a Triassic fern stem
Authors: Harper Carla J. , Galtier Jean , Taylor Thomas N. , Taylor Edith L. , Rößler Ronny , Krings Michael 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTDocumented evidence of fungi associated with Mesozoic ferns is exceedingly rare. Three different types of fungal remains occur in a portion of a small, permineralised fern stem of uncertain systematic affinities from the Triassic of Germany. Exquisite preservation of all internal tissues made it possible to map the spatial distribution of the fungi in several longitudinal and transverse sections. Narrow, intracellular hyphae extend through the entire cortex, while wide hyphae are concentrated in the cortical intercellular system adjacent to the stele and leaf traces. Hyphal swellings occur in the phloem and adjacent cortex, while moniliform hyphae (or chains of conidia) are present exclusively in parenchyma adjacent to the stele. No host response is recognisable, but host tissue preservation suggests that the fern was alive during fungal colonisation. The highest concentration of fungal remains occurs close to the stele and leaf traces, suggesting that the fungi either utilised the vascular tissues as an infection/colonisation pathway or extracted nutrients from these tissues. This study presents the first depiction of fungal distribution throughout a larger portion of a fossil plant. Although distribution maps are useful tools in assessing fungal associations in relatively small, fossil plants, preparing similar maps for larger and more complex fossils would certainly be difficult and extremely arduous.
Late Cretaceous‐Cenozoic Exhumation of the Western Brooks Range, Alaska, Revealed From Apatite and Zircon Fission Track Data
Authors: Craddock William H. , Moore Thomas E. , O'Sullivan Paul B. , Potter Christopher J. , Houseknecht David W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report data for 112 apatite and 31 zircon fission track (AFT and ZFT) outcrop sandstone samples along a transect that spans the western Brooks Range. Sampling targeted structures that modify the Middle Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous early Brookian orogen. The AFT samples record latest Cretaceous to Eocene in situ exhumational cooling and resolve two kinematic phases. The first phase was focused at 65–60 Ma. To the north, cooling age patterns at this time are attributable to wide‐spaced fault‐related folding. Farther south, within the allochthon belt, exhumation was related to uplift of a broad region, likely in the hanging wall of deep‐seated faults that extend into basement rocks. The second kinematic phase occurred around ~45 Ma. It was characterized by north and east directed thrusting to the north, and coeval extension in the allochthon belt to the south. The ZFT cooling ages are all Early Cretaceous or older and put an upper limit on the magnitude of Cenozoic exhumation across the western Brooks Range. Synthesis of exhumation patterns and structural styles show that Paleocene rejuvenation of contraction was roughly contemporaneous along the entire ~1,000‐km orogen. Later, around ~45 Ma in the Eocene, contraction in the frontal parts of the orogen was contemporaneous with extension interior to the orogen. Following previous authors, we suggest that the Paleocene rejuvenation was a far‐field response to subduction of a mid‐ocean ridge in southern Alaska. However, by the Eocene, strain patterns in the western Brooks Range changed, possibly to accommodate rotations of fault blocks in southwestern Alaska.
Publisher Correction: Female mice lacking Ftx lncRNA exhibit impaired X-chromosome inactivation and a microphthalmia-like phenotype
Authors: Hosoi Yusuke , Soma Miki , Shiura Hirosuke , Sado Takashi , Hasuwa Hidetoshi , Abe Kuniya , Kohda Takashi , Ishino Fumitoshi , Kobayashi Shin 
Published: October 2018

In the original HTML version of this Article, the affiliation details for Hirosuke Shiura, Hidetoshi Hasuwa and Takashi Kohda were incorrect, as detailed in the associated Publisher Correction. These errors have been corrected in both the HTML version of the Article.
Implicit glass model for simulation of crystal nucleation for glass-ceramics
Authors: McKenzie Matthew E. , Goyal Sushmit , Loeffler Troy , Cai Ling , Dutta Indrajit , Baker David E. , Mauro John C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPredicting crystal nucleation behavior in glass-ceramic materials is important to create new materials for high-tech applications. Modeling the evolution of crystal microstructures is a challenging problem due to the complex nature of nucleation and growth processes. We introduce an implicit glass model (IGM) which, through the application of a Generalized Born solvation model, effectively replaces the glass with a continuous medium. This permits the computational efforts to focus on nucleating atomic clusters or undissolved impurities that serve as sites for heterogeneous nucleation. We apply IGM to four different systems: binary barium silicate (with two different compositions), binary lithium silicate, and ternary soda lime silicate and validate our precipitated compositions with established phase diagrams. Furthermore, we nucleate lithium metasilicate clusters and probe their structures with SEM. We find that the experimental microstructure matches the modeled growing cluster with IGM for lithium metasilicate.