bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular disease management in people with diabetes outside North America and Western Europe in 2006 and 2015
Authors: Tabesh M. , Magliano D. J. , Tanamas S. K. , Surmont F. , Bahendeka S. , Chiang C.‐E. , Elgart J. F. , Gagliardino J. J. , Kalra S. , Krishnamoorthy S. , Luk A. , Maegawa H. , Motala A. A. , Pirie F. , Ramachandran A. , Tayeb K. , Vikulova O. , Wong J. , Shaw J. E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimOptimal treatment of cardiovascular disease is essential to decrease mortality among people with diabetes, but information is limited on how actual treatment relates to guidelines. We analysed changes in therapeutic approaches to anti‐hypertensive and lipid‐lowering medications in people with Type 2 diabetes from 2006 and 2015.MethodsSummary data from clinical services in seven countries outside North America and Western Europe were collected for 39 684 people. Each site summarized individual‐level data from outpatient medical records for 2006 and 2015. Data included: demographic information, blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol levels and percentage of people taking statins, anti‐hypertensive medication (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, thiazide diuretics) and antiplatelet drugs.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2015, mean cholesterol levels decreased in six of eight sites (range: −0.5 to −0.2), whereas the proportion with BP levels > 140/90 mmHg increased in seven of eight sites. Decreases in cholesterol paralleled increases in statin use (range: 3.1 to 47.0 percentage points). Overall, utilization of anti‐hypertensive medication did not change. However, there was an increase in the use of angiotensin II receptor blockers and a decrease in angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors. The percentage of individuals receiving calcium channel blockers and aspirin remained unchanged.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that control of cholesterol levels improved and coincided with increased use of statins. The percentage of people with BP > 140/90 mmHg was higher in 2015 than in 2006. Hypertension treatment shifted from using angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors to angiotensin II receptor blockers. Despite the potentially greater tolerability of angiotensin II receptor blockers, there was no associated improvement in BP levels.
Effects of loss of consciousness on maxillofacial fractures in simple falls
Authors: Hino Shunsuke , Yamada Miki , Araki Ryuichiro , Kaneko Takahiro , Horie Norio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsLoss of consciousness while falling is reported to increase the risk of more severe injury. However, few studies of maxillofacial injuries have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of loss of consciousness on maxillofacial fractures in falls on a level surface (simple falls).Material and MethodsPatients with maxillofacial fractures caused by simple falls were subdivided into two categories: patients who fell without loss of consciousness and patients who fell with loss of consciousness, according to the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope (version 2009). The severity of the injuries was compared between these two groups.ResultsIn 413 patients with maxillofacial fractures, 58 cases were falls without loss of consciousness, and 44 cases were falls with loss of consciousness. In falls with loss of consciousness, 54.5% were reflex syncope, followed by syncope due to orthostatic hypotension (15.9%), epilepsy (15.9%), and cardiac syncope (9.1%). The average number of fracture lines in the mandible was significantly lower in falls without loss of consciousness (1.53 ± 0.7) than in falls with loss of consciousness (2.00 ± 1.00) (P = 0.045). The average Facial Injury Severity Scale score was lower in falls without loss of consciousness (2.24 ± 1.20) than in falls with loss of consciousness (2.68 ± 1.39). Fractures of other parts of the body were significantly more common in falls without loss of consciousness (22.2%) than in falls with loss of consciousness (9.1%) (P = 0.0135).ConclusionsPatients with loss of consciousness and maxillofacial fractures due to simple falls showed a tendency to sustain more severe maxillofacial injuries than those without loss of consciousness.
Mood‐related central and peripheral clocks
Authors: Ketchesin Kyle D. , Becker‐Krail Darius , McClung Colleen A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMood disorders, including major depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder, are debilitating disorders that affect a significant portion of the global population. Individuals suffering from mood disorders often show significant disturbances in circadian rhythms and sleep. Moreover, environmental disruptions to circadian rhythms can precipitate or exacerbate mood symptoms in vulnerable individuals. Circadian clocks exist throughout the central nervous system and periphery, where they regulate a wide variety of physiological processes implicated in mood regulation. These processes include monoaminergic and glutamatergic transmission, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function, metabolism, and immune function. While there seems to be a clear link between circadian rhythm disruption and mood regulation, the mechanisms that underlie this association remain unclear. This review will touch on the interactions between the circadian system and each of these processes and discuss their potential role in the development of mood disorders. While clinical studies are presented, much of the review will focus on studies in animal models, which are attempting to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms in which circadian genes regulate mood.
Adaptive neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex and contralateral subventricular zone induced by unilateral cortical devascularization: Possible modulation by dopamine neurotransmission
Authors: Vargas‐Saturno Leslie , Ayala‐Grosso Carlos 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnderstanding endogenous neurogenesis and neuronal replacement to mature circuits is a topic of discussion as a therapeutic alternative under acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Adaptive neurogenic response may result as a result of ischemia which could support long‐term recovery of behavioral functions. Endogenous sources of neural progenitors may be stimulated by changes in blood flow or neuromodulation. Using a mouse model of unilateral cortical devascularization, we have observed reactive neurogenesis in the perilesional cortex and subventricular zone neurogenic niche. C57BL/6L 4 weeks old male mice were craneotomized at 1 mm caudal from frontal suture and 1 mm lateral from midline to generate a window of 3 mm side. Brain injury was produced by removal of the meninges and superficial vasculature of dorsal parietal cortex. BrdU agent (50 mg/kg, ip) was injected to lesioned and sham animals, during days 0 and 1 after surgery. Sagittal sections were analyzed at 1, 4, 7, and 10 days post‐injury. A time‐dependent increase in BrdU+ cells in the perilesional parietal cortex was accompanied by augmented BrdU+ cells in the sub ventricular and rostral migratory stream of ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. Neural progenitors and neuroblasts proliferated in the lesioned and non‐lesioned subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream on day 4 after injury. Augmented contralateral neurogenesis was associated with an increase in vesicular monoamine transporter 2 protein in the striosomal sub ventricular neurogenic niche of non‐lesioned hemisphere.
The COMT Val158Met polymorphism does not modulate the after‐effect of tDCS on working memory
Authors: Jongkees Bryant J. , Loseva Alexandra A. , Yavari Fatemeh B. , Nitsche Michael A. , Colzato Lorenza S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can alter cortical excitability, neural plasticity, and cognitive‐behavioral performance; however, its effects are known to vary across studies. A partial account of this variability relates to individual differences in dopamine function. Indeed, dopaminergic manipulations alter the physiological and cognitive‐behavioral effects of tDCS, and gene polymorphisms related to dopamine have predicted individual response to online tDCS (i.e., stimulation overlapping with the critical task). Notably, the role of individual differences in dopamine has not yet been properly assessed in the effect of offline tDCS (i.e., stimulation prior to the critical task). We investigated if and how the COMT Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680) modulates the after‐effect of prefrontal tDCS on verbal working memory (WM). One hundred and thirty‐nine participants were genotyped for the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and received anodal‐over‐left, cathodal‐over‐right (AL‐CR), cathodal‐over‐left, anodal‐over‐right (CL‐AR), or sham stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a between‐subjects, pretest–posttest study design. WM was assessed using the N‐back task. The results provide no evidence that the COMT polymorphism impacts the after‐effect of prefrontal tDCS on WM. Taken together with previous findings on dopamine and tDCS interactions, the results of the present study suggest that (a) indirect markers of dopamine (such as COMT) are differently related to online and offline effects of tDCS, and (b) findings from studies involving pharmacological manipulation should be generalized with caution to findings of inter‐individual differences. In sum, we argue that state (i.e., a manipulation of) and trait (i.e., baseline) differences in dopamine may exert different effects on online and offline tDCS.
Neuronal phase consistency tracks dynamic changes in acoustic spectral regularity
Authors: Gifford Adam M. , Sperling Michael R. , Sharan Ashwini , Gorniak Richard J. , Williams Ryan B. , Davis Kathryn , Kahana Michael J. , Cohen Yale E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe brain parses the auditory environment into distinct sounds by identifying those acoustic features in the environment that have common relationships (e.g., spectral regularities) with one another and then grouping together the neuronal representations of these features. Although there is a large literature that tests how the brain tracks spectral regularities that are predictable, it is not known how the auditory system tracks spectral regularities that are not predictable and that change dynamically over time. Furthermore, the contribution of brain regions downstream of the auditory cortex to the coding of spectral regularity is unknown. Here, we addressed these two issues by recording electrocorticographic activity, while human patients listened to tone‐burst sequences with dynamically varying spectral regularities, and identified potential neuronal mechanisms of the analysis of spectral regularities throughout the brain. We found that the degree of oscillatory stimulus phase consistency (PC) in multiple neuronal‐frequency bands tracked spectral regularity. In particular, PC in the delta‐frequency band seemed to be the best indicator of spectral regularity. We also found that these regularity representations existed in multiple regions throughout cortex. This widespread reliable modulation in PC – both in neuronal‐frequency space and in cortical space – suggests that phase‐based modulations may be a general mechanism for tracking regularity in the auditory system specifically and other sensory systems more generally. Our findings also support a general role for the delta‐frequency band in processing the regularity of auditory stimuli.
The changing geographies of financial centres in China: The case of commercial banking
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses the geographies of commercial banking in China. To understand the changing geographies of financial centres, this paper uses an empirical approach to highlight the changing spatial distribution of banking to the existing collection of empirical descriptions, and by an investigation of its spatial concentration over the period between 2006 and 2014. The empirical analysis is based on branch and sub‐branch data, employment data, headquarters data, and banking assets data, all of which are available, allowing a systematic geographical analysis of commercial banking. The findings reveal the status of Beijing and Shanghai as primary banking centres, as well as a hierarchical network of domestic banking centres and a growing spatial concentration within China's banking system. More specifically, Beijing is the predominant banking centre, while Shanghai retains its status as a capital for foreign banking. The rise of provincial banking centres in addition to Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen has contributed to the formation of a hierarchical network of banking centres at national level. Accordingly, the development of first‐ and second‐tier banking centres has led to an ascending geographical concentration within China's banking system.
Anti‐Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide (CGRP) Therapies: Update on a Previous Review After the American Headache Society 60th Scientific Meeting, San Francisco, June 2018
Authors: Tepper Stewart J. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo briefly update and correct the available data on anti‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) therapies for headache since the American Headache Society 60th Scientific Meeting, San Francisco, June 2018.BackgroundCGRP is a target for primary headache therapies.MethodsThe author briefly reviews the new data and publications on gepants and anti‐CGRP and anti‐CGRP receptor monoclonal antibodies since the writing of his previous review in May 2018, with an emphasis on data provided at the American Headache Society 60th Scientific Meeting, San Francisco, June 2018.ResultsThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved erenumab‐aooe, an anti‐CGRP receptor monoclonal antibody, for the prevention of migraine on May 17, 2018. On September 14, 2018, the FDA approved fremanezumab‐vfrm and on September 26, 2018, the FDA approved galcanezumab‐gnlm, both anti‐CGRP ligand monoclonal antibodies for the prevention of migraine. Galcanezumab showed effectiveness in preventing episodic cluster headache as well, although has not yet been submitted to the FDA for this indication. Both galcanezumab and fremanezumab failed to prevent chronic cluster headache. Eptinezumab will likely be submitted to the FDA for prevention of migraine later in 2018. Two gepants, ubrogepant and rimegepant, have completed positive pivotal trials for the acute treatment of migraine, but have not yet been submitted to the FDA for this indication. A press release with data on the effectiveness of daily atogepant in migraine prevention provides some details. An announcement at the meeting suggests daily rimegepant will be tested for prevention as well.ConclusionsThe development of anti‐CGRP therapies opens a new era in the acute and preventive treatment of primary headache disorders.
Radiolarian‐based study on the fabric and the formation process of the Early Cretaceous mélange near Zhongba, Yarlung–Tsangpo Suture Zone, southern Tibet
Authors: Li Xin , Matsuoka Atsushi , Li Yalin , Wei Yushuai , Wang Chengshan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Yarlung–Tsangpo Suture Zone (YTSZ), as the southernmost and youngest among the sutures that subdivides the Tibetan Plateau into several east–west trending blocks, marks where the Neo‐Tethys was consumed as the Indian continent moved northward and collided against the Eurasian continent. Mélanges in the YTSZ represent the remnants of the oceanic plate through subduction and collision. Mélanges are characterized by a highly sheared volcanoclastic or siliceous mudstone matrix including blocks of chert, claystone, and basalt. Detailed radiolarian analyses are conducted on the mélange near Zhongba County. Macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic observations are combined in order to elucidate the relationships among age, lithology, and structure of blocks in the mélange. Reconstructed ocean plate stratigraphy includes Lower Jurassic limestone within the chert sequence accumulated at a depth near the CCD (Unit 2), Upper Jurassic thin‐bedded chert interbedded with claystone deposited in the wide ocean basin (Unit 3), and Lower Cretaceous chert with siliceous mudstone (Units 4 and 5), representing the middle parts of ocean plate stratigraphy. The results highlight the fabric of brecciated chert on mesoscopic scale, which is thought to be due to localized overpressure. The formation of mesoscopic and microscopic block‐in‐matrix fabrics in the mélange is proposed for the chert and siliceous mudstone bearing different extents of consolidation and competence during the progressive deformation of accreted sediments at shallow‐level subduction.
Combined effect of antimicrobial edible coatings with reduction of initial microbial load on the shelf‐life of fresh hake (Merluccius merluccius) medallions
Authors: Otero‐Tuárez Víctor , Carrión‐Granda Ximena , Fernández‐Pan Idoya , Fernández Teresa , Maté Juan I. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryTwo distinct strategies were combined to preserve fresh fish (Merluccius merluccius) under refrigeration at 4 °C for 12 days: (i) the application of an antimicrobial edible coating enriched with oregano essential oil (OEO) or carvacrol (CV) and (ii) the reduction of initial microbial load by good handling practise and the use of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The action of antimicrobial coatings alone retarded the growth of Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and H2S producing bacteria on fish samples. The reduction of initial microbial load by itself only affected the evolution of LAB, but not the rest of the bacterial groups. When using both techniques combined, edible antimicrobial coatings were significantly more effective with additional and significant delays in the growth of mesophilic, psychrotrophic and Pseudomonas bacteria. Thus, the use of both strategies combined resulted in a reduction of the counts of all bacterial groups after 12 days of storage which ranged from 1.5 log and 8 log, in Pseudomonas and H2S producing bacteria, respectively. Moreover, no significant differences were observed when comparing the microbiological evolution of samples treated with OEO compared to those only treated with CV.
Gagging prevalence and its association with dental fear in 4‐12‐year‐old children in a dental setting
Authors: Katsouda Maria , Tollili Christina , Coolidge Trilby , Simos Gregoris , Kotsanos Nikolaos , Arapostathis Konstantinos N. 
Published: November 2018

AimThe aims were to determine the prevalence of gagging in children in the dental setting, detect any association between gagging and dental fear in that setting, and determine if the association varied by type of setting.DesignA total of 734 children (4‐12 years old), seeking dental care either at a University paediatric dental clinic (UC) or at a private paediatric practice (PP), filled out the Greek version of the Gagging Assessment Scale (GAS, subjective assessment) and the Greek version of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule‐Dental Subscale (CFSS‐DS). The shorter form of the Gagging Problem Assessment‐dentist part for children (GPA‐de‐c/SF, dentist's objective measurement) was used to assess their gag reflex.ResultsA total of 209 children (28.47%) gagged according to theGPA‐de‐c/SF. There was no significant difference in gagging betweenUCandPPchildren. Children rated as gaggers on theGPA‐de‐c/SFreported significantly higherGASandCFSS‐DSscores (U = 33 629.000;P < 0.001,U = 31 955.500,P < 0.001, respectively). Also, there was a significant association betweenGASandCFSS‐DS(rho = 0.307,P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn the dental setting, there were significant relationships between dental fear, the dentist's objective measurement of gagging severity, and the child's subjective gagging assessment.
Fulfilling the ‘British way’: beyond constrained choice—Amazon workers' lived experiences of workfare
Authors: Briken Kendra , Taylor Phil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article makes a distinctive contribution to critiquing the Taylor Review of Modern Working Practices (TRMWP). Rejecting TRMWP's abstracted concept of ‘choice’ and its celebration of the ‘British way’ of job creation, it emphasises the degree of compulsion experienced by low‐pay, temporary workers in local labour markets. The empirical focus is on Amazon's ‘fulfilment centre’ at Swansea and draws on testimonies of ‘associates’, both permanent and, mostly, agency temps including migrant workers. The article situates these worker experiences in job‐starved labour markets, considering the role of temporary worker agencies (TWAs) and the effects of workfare and benefit sanctions. The evidence compels a reconceptualisation of the triangular relationship between TWAs, employers and temp workers as quadrilateral, emphasising the role of the state. A brutal, digitally enabled lean workplace regime intersects with a brutal, digitally enabled workfare regime which serves to thoroughly critique Taylor's absurdly optimistic characterisation of choice.
Effects on learning of time spent by university students attending lectures and/or watching online videos
Authors: Meehan Maria , McCallig John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe apply Carroll's model of school learning, which theorizes about the relationship between time and learning, to motivate the design of a large, first‐year, university mathematics course, where students have the choice to attend lectures and/or watch online videos. The theoretical model informs how the course and resources are designed in order to assist students to spend the time they need to master a task in an efficient manner. We examine the relationship between learning and time spent on lectures and/or videos, by analysing data collected on lecture attendance, videos accessed, and mathematical achievement, prior to, and at the end of, the course. Findings show that students use videos as either a complement to, or substitute for, the lecture, and time spent using either or both resources has a significant impact on learning.
Can social media lead to labor market discrimination? Evidence from a field experiment
Authors: Manant Matthieu , Pajak Serge , Soulié Nicolas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the role of social media as a source of information for recruiters to discriminate applicants. We set up a field experiment over a 12‐month period, involving more than 800 applications from two fictitious applicants which differed in their perceived origins, which is an information available only from their Facebook profiles. During the experiment, an unexpected change in the Facebook layout reduced the salience of the information available on social media profiles. Before this change, a significant 41.7% gap between the two applicants callback rates highlights that personal online profiles are used by recruiters as a source of information to discriminate against applicants of foreign origin. After the layout change that mitigates our signal, the difference in callback rates fades away. This result suggests that the screening conducted by the employers does not go beyond the main pages of profiles. It also illustrates that design choices made by online platforms may have important consequences on the extent of discrimination.