bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zwei gynäkologische Fälle
Authors: Schipflinger Guntmar , Zauner Bernhard 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungIn den 2 dargestellten gynäkologischen Fällen wird die Mittelfindung mit dem Symptomenlexikon dargestellt. Diese Methode eignet sich auch für Beschwerden des weiblichen Unterleibs, obwohl zu Zeiten Hahnemanns relativ wenige Prüfsymptome dieses Körperbereichs bekannt waren.
Recurring Migraines as the Presenting Symptom of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis in a Teenage Girl: A Case Report
Authors: Meiling James Bryan , Bui Priya Kaji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that leads to a progressive breakdown of the myelin sheath by self-harming autoantibodies. Both MS and migraines have a predilection for women as opposed to men. In addition, both can come across as acute attacks on the body that negatively affect the ability of an individual to function. Are they associative concurrent afflictions or is one the primary causality of the other? This case report represents a teenage girl who presented to her pediatrician with recurrent migraines, which led to a diagnosis of pediatric MS.
Technologies to study spatial genome organization: beyond 3C
Authors: Übelmesser Nadine , Papantonis Argyris 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The way that chromatin is organized in three-dimensional nuclear space is now acknowledged as a factor critical for the major cell processes, like transcription, replication and cell division. Researchers have been armed with new molecular and imaging technologies to study this structure-to-function link of genomes, spearheaded by the introduction of the ‘chromosome conformation capture’ technology more than a decade ago. However, this technology is not without shortcomings, and novel variants and orthogonal approaches are being developed to overcome these. As a result, the field of nuclear organization is constantly fueled by methods of increasing resolution and/or throughput that strive to eliminate systematic biases and increase precision. In this review, we attempt to highlight the most recent advances in technology that promise to provide novel insights on how chromosomes fold and function.
Strategies to prevent cleavage of the linker region between ligand-binding repeats 4 and 5 of the LDL receptor
Authors: Strøm Thea Bismo , Bjune Katrine , Costa Luís Teixeira da , Leren Trond P 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA main strategy for lowering plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels is to increase the number of cell-surface LDL receptors (LDLRs). This can be achieved by increasing the synthesis or preventing the degradation of the LDLR. One mechanism by which an LDLR becomes non-functional is enzymatic cleavage within the 10 residue linker region between ligand-binding repeats 4 and 5. The cleaved LDLR has only three ligand-binding repeats and is unable to bind LDL. In this study, we have performed cell culture experiments to identify strategies to prevent this cleavage. As a part of these studies, we found that Asp193 within the linker region is critical for cleavage to occur. Moreover, both 14-mer synthetic peptides and antibodies directed against the linker region prevented cleavage. As a consequence, more functional LDLRs were observed on the cell surface. The observation that the cleaved LDLR was present in extracts from the human adrenal gland indicates that cleavage of the linker region takes place in vivo. Thus, preventing cleavage of the LDLR by pharmacological measures could represent a novel lipid-lowering strategy.
Cushing’s syndrome due to interaction between ritonavir or cobicistat and corticosteroids: a case–control study in the French Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: Peyro-Saint-Paul Laure , Besnier Paul , Demessine Ludivine , Biour Michel , Hillaire-Buys Dominique , de Canecaude Claire , Fedrizzi Sophie , Parienti Jean-Jacques 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the frequent interaction between antiretroviral-boosting agents and corticosteroids causing Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in the French Pharmacovigilance Database (FPVD).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective case–control study describing CS recorded in the FPVD between 1996 and 2018. Case was defined as CS occurring in people living with HIV (PLWH) and control was defined as CS in uninfected individuals. Drug–drug interaction (DDI) was defined as an interaction between corticosteroids and CYP3A4 inhibitors. Data concerning the DDI, corticosteroids involved, route of administration and seriousness of the CS were described.

Results
Among the 139 instances of CS identified, 34/35 cases (97%) had DDIs (31 with ritonavir and 3 with cobicistat) and 7/104 controls (7%) had DDIs (6 with itraconazole and 1 with verapamil). The main corticosteroid involved was inhaled fluticasone (28/35, 80%) among the cases and oral prednisone (38/104, 37%) among the controls. More CS cases (30/35, 86%) than CS controls (62/104, 60%) were serious (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.4–14.4; P = 0.007).

Conclusions
Antiretroviral-boosting agents were responsible for one out of four iatrogenic CS cases in a French national database. Prescribers should be aware of the risk of potentially serious DDIs between antiretroviral-boosting agents and corticosteroids, including single-tablet regimens containing cobicistat.
The MAGIC project – II. Discovery of two new Galactic lithium-rich Cepheids
Authors: Kovtyukh V , Lemasle B , Kniazev A , Berdnikov L , Bono G , Usenko I , Grebel E K , Hajdu G , Pastukhova E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We report the discovery of two new lithium-rich Cepheids in the Milky Way (A(Li) ≈ 2.9 dex) among the targets of the MAGIC spectroscopic survey with the Southern African Large Telescope spectrographs. The 6707 Å Li feature is usually not detectable in the atmosphere of Cepheids. Only three Cepheids (two in the Milky Way and one in the Large Magellanic Cloud) had been reported so far with high lithium abundances. We examine the possibility that the Li-rich Cepheids are evolving towards the red giant branch, crossing the instability strip for the first time, as well as other possible scenarios. The two stars are mixed-mode Cepheids pulsating simultaneously in the first and in the second overtone modes. We briefly discuss the possible connection between their unusual chemical composition and their pulsational properties.
Three-dimensional dust mapping of 12 supernovae remnants in the Galactic anticentre
Authors: Yu Bin , Chen B Q , Jiang B W , Zijlstra A 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We present three-dimensional (3D) dust mapping of 12 supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Galactic anticentre (Galactic longitude l between 150○ and 210○) based on a recent 3D interstellar extinction map. The dust distribution of the regions, which cover the full extents in the radio continuum for the individual SNRs, is discussed. Four SNRs show significant spatial coincidences between molecular clouds (MCs) revealed from the 3D extinction mapping and the corresponding radio features. The results confirm the interactions between these SNRs and their surrounding MCs. Based on these correlations, we provide new distance estimates of the four SNRs, G189.1+3.0 (IC443, $d=1729^{+116}_{-94} \rm \, pc$), G190.9–2.2 ($d=1036^{+17}_{-81} \rm \, pc$), G205.5+0.5 ($d=941^{+96}_{-94}$ or $1257^{+92}_{-101} \rm \, pc$), and G213.0–0.6 ($d=1146^{+79}_{-80} \rm \, pc$). In addition, we find indirect evidences of potential interactions between SNRs and MCs for three other SNRs. New distance constraints are also given for these three SNRs.
Multiband optical variability of 3C 279 on diverse time-scales
Authors: Agarwal Aditi , Cellone Sergio A , Andruchow Ileana , Mammana Luis , Singh Mridweeka , Anupama G C , Mihov B , Raj Ashish , Slavcheva-Mihova L , Özdönmez Aykut , Ege Ergün 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We have monitored the flat spectrum radio quasar, 3C 279, in the optical B, V, R, and I passbands from 2018 February to 2018 July for 24 nights, with a total of 716 frames, to study flux, colour, and spectral variability on diverse time-scales. 3C 279 was observed using seven different telescopes: two in India, two in Argentina, two in Bulgaria, and one in Turkey to understand the nature of the source in optical regime. The source was found to be active during the whole monitoring period and displayed significant flux variations in B, V, R, and I passbands. Variability amplitudes on intraday basis varied from 5.20 to 17.9 per cent. A close inspection of variability patterns during our observation cycle reveals simultaneity among optical emissions from all passbands. During the complete monitoring period, progressive increase in the amplitude of variability with frequency was detected for our target. The amplitudes of variability in B, V, R, and I passbands have been estimated to be 177 per cent, 172 per cent, 171 per cent, and 158 per cent, respectively. Using the structure function technique, we found intraday time-scales ranging from ∼23 min to about 115 min. We also studied colour–magnitude relationship and found indications of mild bluer-when-brighter trend on shorter time-scales. Spectral indices ranged from 2.3 to 3.0 with no clear trend on long-term basis. We have also generated spectral energy distributions for 3C 279 in optical B, V, R, and I passbands for 17 nights. Finally, possible emission mechanisms causing variability in blazars are discussed briefly.
Trypanosoma brucei ribonuclease H2A is an essential R-loop processing enzyme whose loss causes DNA damage during transcription initiation and antigenic variation
Authors: Briggs Emma , Crouch Kathryn , Lemgruber Leandro , Hamilton Graham , Lapsley Craig , McCulloch Richard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRibonucleotides represent a threat to DNA genome stability and transmission. Two types of Ribonuclease H (RNase H) excise ribonucleotides when they form part of the DNA strand, or hydrolyse RNA when it base-pairs with DNA in structures termed R-loops. Loss of either RNase H is lethal in mammals, whereas yeast survives the absence of both enzymes. RNase H1 loss is tolerated by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei but no work has examined the function of RNase H2. Here we show that loss of T. brucei RNase H2 (TbRH2A) leads to growth and cell cycle arrest that is concomitant with accumulation of nuclear damage at sites of RNA polymerase (Pol) II transcription initiation, revealing a novel and critical role for RNase H2. Differential gene expression analysis reveals limited overall changes in RNA levels for RNA Pol II genes after TbRH2A loss, but increased perturbation of nucleotide metabolic genes. Finally, we show that TbRH2A loss causes R-loop and DNA damage accumulation in telomeric RNA Pol I transcription sites, also leading to altered gene expression. Thus, we demonstrate separation of function between two nuclear T. brucei RNase H enzymes during RNA Pol II transcription, but overlap in function during RNA Pol I-mediated gene expression during host immune evasion.
Expanding Indications for Flow Diverters: Ruptured Aneurysms, Blister Aneurysms, and Dissecting Aneurysms
Authors: Kan Peter , Sweid Ahmad , Srivatsan Aditya , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The safety and efficacy of flow diversion (FD) in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms have been reported by many studies. FD has enabled the treatment of complex aneurysms and aneurysms that were previously untreatable by conventional means. It has achieved high rates of obliteration with essentially no recanalization, and its indications have continued to expand, now including ruptured aneurysms, blister aneurysms, and dissecting aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE
To provide a review on the outcomes of studies covering the use of FD in the settings of ruptured, blister, and dissecting aneurysms. In addition, to discuss dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) used in preparation for FD deployment in these scenarios, including associated complications with DAPT use in the acute rupture setting.

METHODS
References for this topical review were identified by PubMed searches between January 2000 and January 2019. The search terms “aneurysm”, “flow diverter”, “stent”, “pipeline”, “ruptured”, “blister”, and “dissecting aneurysms” were used.

RESULTS
FD carries a higher complication rate in the acute rupture setting than for unruptured aneurysms. Patient selection is of paramount importance for achieving good functional and angiographic outcomes. DAPT still remains challenging, especially in ruptured aneurysms. Advancements in surface modification of flow diverters can reduce the risk of thromboembolism and perhaps lead to a safer antiplatelet regimen.

CONCLUSION
In summary, FD shows promise to be an effective treatment for ruptured, blister, and dissecting aneurysms.
Acute hepatitis C infection among adults with HIV in the Netherlands: a capture-recapture analysis
Authors: Boender Tamara Sonia , de Coul Eline Op , Arends Joop , Prins Maria , van der Valk Marc , van der Meer Jan T.M. , van Benthem Birgit , Reiss Peter , Smit Colette 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundReliable surveillance systems are essential to assess the national response to eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV), in the context of the global strategy towards eliminating viral hepatitis.AimWe aimed to assess the completeness of the two national registries of acute HCV infection in people with HIV, and estimated the number of acute HCV infections among adults with HIV in the Netherlands.MethodsFor 2003-2016, cases of HCV infection and reinfection among adults with a positive or unknown HIV-serostatus were identified in two national registries: the ATHENA cohort, and the National Registry for Notifiable Diseases. For 2013-2016, cases were linked, and two-way capture-recapture analysis was carried out.ResultsDuring 2013-2016, there were an estimated 282 (95%CI: 264-301) acute HCV infections among adults with HIV. The addition of cases with an unknown HIV-serostatus increased the matches (from N=104 to N=129), and a subsequently increased the estimated total: 330 (95%CI: 309-351). Underreporting was estimated at 14-20%.ConclusionIn 2013-2016, up to 330 cases of acute HCV infection were estimated to have occurred among adults with HIV. National surveillance of acute HCV can be improved by increased notification of infections. Surveillance data should ideally include both acute and chronic HCV infections, and be able to distinguish between acute and chronic infections, and initial and reinfections.ClassificationsThe Netherlands; sexually transmitted infections; hepatitis C; HIV infection; Surveillance; epidemiology
HIV-associated sensory neuropathy continues to be a problem in individuals starting tenofovir-based antiretroviral treatment
Authors: Pillay Prinisha , Wadley Antonia L , Cherry Catherine L , Karstaedt Alan S , Kamerman Peter R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is a common and often painful neurological condition associated with HIV-infection and its treatment. However, data on the incidence of HIV-SN in neuropathy-free individuals initiating combination antiretroviral therapies (cART) that do not contain the neurotoxic agent stavudine are lacking. We investigated the six-month incidence of HIV-SN in ART naïve individuals initiating tenofovir (TDF)-based cART, and the clinical factors associated with the development of HIV-SN. 120 neuropathy-free and ART naïve individuals initiating cART at a single centre in Johannesburg, South Africa were enrolled. Participants were screened for HIV-SN at study enrolment and then approximately every two-months for a period of approximately six-months. Symptomatic HIV-SN was defined by the presence of at least one symptom (pain/burning, numbness, paraesthesias) and at least two clinical signs (reduced vibration sense, absent ankle reflexes or pin-prick hypoaesthesia). Asymptomatic HIV-SN required at least two clinical signs only. A total of 88% of the cohort completed three visits within the six-month period. Eleven individuals developed asymptomatic HIV-SN and nine developed symptomatic HIV-SN, giving a six-month cumulative incidence of neuropathy of 140 cases per 1000 patients (95% CI: 80 - 210) at an incidence rate of 0.37 (95% CI: 0.2 - 0.5) per person year. Increasing height and active tuberculosis (TB) disease were independently associated with the risk of developing HIV-SN (p < 0.05). We found that within the first six months of starting cART, incident SN persists in the post-stavudine era, but may be asymptomatic.
Power and pitfalls of computational methods for inferring clone phylogenies and mutation orders from bulk sequencing data
Authors: Miura Sayaka , Vu Tracy , Deng Jiamin , Buturla Tiffany , Choi Jiyeong , Kumar Sudhir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundTumors harbor extensive genetic heterogeneity in the form of distinct clone genotypes that arise over time and across different tissues and regions of a cancer patient. Many computational methods produce clone phylogenies from population bulk sequencing data collected from multiple tumor samples. These clone phylogenies are used to infer mutation order and clone origin times during tumor progression, rendering the selection of the appropriate clonal deconvolution method quite critical. Surprisingly, absolute and relative accuracies of these methods in correctly inferring clone phylogenies have not been consistently assessed.MethodsWe evaluated the performance of seven computational methods in producing clone phylogenies for simulated datasets in which clones were sampled from multiple sectors of a primary tumor (multi-region) or primary and metastatic tumors in a patient (multi-site). We assessed the accuracy of tested methods metrics in determining the order of mutations and the branching pattern within the reconstructed clone phylogenies.ResultsThe accuracy of the reconstructed mutation order varied extensively among methods (9% – 44% error). Methods also varied significantly in reconstructing the topologies of clone phylogenies, as 24% – 58% of the inferred clone groupings were incorrect. All the tested methods showed limited ability to identify ancestral clone sequences present in tumor samples correctly. The occurrence of multiple seeding events among tumor sites during metastatic tumor evolution hindered deconvolution of clones for all tested methods.ConclusionsOverall, CloneFinder, MACHINA, and LICHeE showed the highest overall accuracy, but none of the methods performed well for all simulated datasets and conditions.
Plant respiration: controlled by photosynthesis or biomass?
Authors: Collalti Alessio , Tjoelker Mark G. , Hoch Günter , Mäkelä Annikki , Guidolotti Gabriele , Heskel Mary , Petit Giai , Ryan Michael G. , Battipaglia Giovanna , Prentice I. Colin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTwo simplifying hypotheses have been proposed for whole-plant respiration. One links respiration to photosynthesis; the other to biomass. Using a first-principles carbon balance model with a prescribed live woody biomass turnover, applied at a forest research site where multidecadal measurements are available for comparison, we show that if turnover is fast the accumulation of respiring biomass is low and respiration depends primarily on photosynthesis; while if turnover is slow the accumulation of respiring biomass is high and respiration depends primarily on biomass. But the first scenario is inconsistent with evidence for substantial carryover of fixed carbon between years, while the second implies far too great an increase in respiration during stand development – leading to depleted carbohydrate reserves and an unrealistically high mortality risk. These two mutually incompatible hypotheses are thus both incorrect. Respiration isnotlinearly related either to photosynthesis or to biomass, but it is more strongly controlled by recent photosynthates (and reserve availability) than by total biomass.
Coevolution between life-history and metabolic rate depends on ontogenetic stage
Authors: Sowersby Will , Morozov Sergey , Eckerström-Liedholm Simon , Lehmann Philipp , Rowiński Piotr K. , Näslund Joacim , Gonzalez-Voyer Alejandro , Rogell Björn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetabolic rate is considered to determine the energetic investment placed into life-history traits, regulating the speed of an organism’s life-cycle and forming the so called “pace-of-life”. However, how metabolic rate and life-history traits co-evolve remains unclear. For instance, the energetic demands of life-history traits, including the number of energy allocation trade-offs, is unlikely to remain constant over ontogeny. Therefore, the predicted coevolution between metabolic rate and life-history could be specific to particular ontogenetic stages, rather than a stable property of an organism. Here, we test the ontogenetic dependency of the coevolution between metabolic rate and the pace of life-history, under strictly standardized conditions using 30 species of killifish, which are either annual species adapted to ephemeral pools or non-annual species inhabiting more permanent waterbodies. Standard metabolic rates were estimated at three ontogenetic stages, together with relevant life-history traits, i.e. growth (juveniles), maturity (young adults), and reproductive rate (reproductive adults). Life-history traits largely followed predicted pace-of-life patterns, with overall faster/higher rates in annual species. The divergences in life-history traits across species tended to increase over ontogeny, being smallest during juvenile growth and largest in reproductive adults. However, associations between life-history strategy and metabolic rate followed a reversed pattern, being strongest in juveniles, but lowest in reproductive adults. Our results are concordant with the number of energetic trade-offs increasing over ontogeny, which results in a stronger covariation between physiology and life-history traits earlier in ontogeny.
Multiple cyanotoxin congeners produced by sub-dominant cyanobacterial taxa in riverine cyanobacterial and algal mats
Authors: Kelly Laura T. , Bouma-Gregson Keith , Puddick Jonathan , Fadness Rich , Ryan Ken G. , Davis Timothy W. , Wood Susanna A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBenthic cyanobacterial proliferations in rivers are have been reported with increasing frequency worldwide. In the Eel and Russian rivers of California, more than a dozen dog deaths have been attributed to cyanotoxin toxicosis since 2000. Periphyton proliferations in these rivers comprise multiple cyanobacterial taxa capable of cyanotoxin production, hence there is uncertainty regarding which taxa are producing toxins. In this study, periphyton samples dominated by the cyanobacterial genera Anabaena spp. and Microcoleus spp. and the green alga Cladophora glomerata were collected from four sites in the Eel River catchment and one site in the Russian River. Samples were analysed for potential cyanotoxin producers using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in concert with Sanger sequencing. Cyanotoxin concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, and anatoxin quota determined using droplet digital PCR. Sequencing indicated Microcoleus sp. and Nodularia sp. were the putative producers of anatoxins and nodularins, respectively, regardless of the dominant taxa in the mat. Anatoxin concentrations in the mat samples varied from 0.1 to 18.6 μg g−1 and were significantly different among sites (p < 0.01, Wilcoxon test); however, anatoxin quotas were less variable (< 5-fold). Dihydroanatoxin-a was generally the most abundant variant in samples comprising 38% to 71% of the total anatoxins measured. Mats dominated by the green alga C. glomerata contained both anatoxins and nodularin-R at concentrations similar to those of cyanobacteria-dominated mats. This highlights that even when cyanobacteria are not the dominant taxa in periphyton, these mats may still pose a serious health risk and indicates that more widespread monitoring of all mats in a river are necessary.