bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lotus SHAGGY‐like kinase 1 is required to suppress nodulation in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Garagounis Constantine , Tsikou Daniela , Plitsi Panagiota K. , Psarrakou Ioanna S. , Avramidou Marianna , Stedel Catalina , Anagnostou Maria , Georgopoulou Maria E. , Papadopoulou Kalliope K. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryGlycogen synthase kinase/SHAGGY‐like kinases (SKs) are a highly conserved family of signaling proteins that participate in many developmental, cell‐differentiation, and metabolic signaling pathways in plants and animals. Here, we investigate the involvement of SKs in legume nodulation, a process requiring the integration of multiple signaling pathways. We describe a group of SKs in the model legume Lotus japonicus (LSKs), two of which respond to inoculation with the symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing bacterium Mesorhizobium loti. RNAi knock‐down plants and an insertion mutant for one of these genes, LSK1, display increased nodulation. Ηairy‐root lines overexpressing LSK1 form only marginally fewer mature nodules compared with controls. The expression levels of genes involved in the autoregulation of nodulation (AON) mechanism are affected in LSK1 knock‐down plants at low nitrate levels, both at early and late stages of nodulation. At higher levels of nitrate, these same plants show the opposite expression pattern of AON‐related genes and lose the hypernodulation phenotype. Our findings reveal an additional role for the versatile SK gene family in integrating the signaling pathways governing legume nodulation, and pave the way for further study of their functions in legumes.
ICE1 and ZOU determine the depth of primary seed dormancy in Arabidopsis independently of their role in endosperm development
Authors: MacGregor Dana R. , Zhang Naichao , Iwasaki Mayumi , Chen Min , Dave Anuja , Lopez‐Molina Luis , Penfield Steven 
Published: December 2018

SummarySeed dormancy is a widespread and key adaptive trait that is essential for the establishment of soil seed banks and prevention of pre‐harvest sprouting. Herein we demonstrate that the endosperm‐expressed transcription factors ZHOUPI (ZOU) and INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION1 (ICE1) play a role in determining the depth of primary dormancy in Arabidopsis. We show that ice1 or zou increases seed dormancy and the double mutant has an additive phenotype. This increased dormancy is associated with increased ABA levels, and can be separated genetically from any role in endosperm maturation because loss of ABA biosynthesis or DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 reverses the dormancy phenotype without affecting the aberrant seed morphology. Consistent with these results, ice1 endosperms had an increased capacity for preventing embryo greening, a phenotype previously associated with an increase in endospermic ABA levels. Although ice1 changes the expression of many genes, including some in ABA biosynthesis, catabolism and/or signalling, only ABA INSENSITIVE 3 is significantly misregulated in ice1 mutants. We also demonstrate that ICE1 binds to and inhibits expression of ABA INSENSITIVE 3. Our data demonstrate that Arabidopsis ICE1 and ZOU determine the depth of primary dormancy during maturation independently of their effect on endosperm development.
HLA‐selected platelets for platelet refractory patients with HLA antibodies: a single‐center experience
Authors: Karlström Cecilia , Linjama Tiina , Edgren Gustaf , Lauronen Jouni , Wikman Agneta , Höglund Petter 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDPlatelet refractoriness due to HLA immunization represents a problem in transfusion management of thrombocytopenic hematology patients. Refractory patients can be managed by HLA‐selected platelet transfusions, but the optimal matching strategy is debated and how the degree of HLA mismatch influences transfusion outcome is poorly studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe studied 32 hematology patients who received 142 matched platelet units between 2007 and 2016. Four matching strategies were compared: 1) genomic HLA typing at the two digit level, performed using polymerase chain reaction–sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probing; 2) serologic “eplet score” calculated using HLAMatchmaker; 3) cross‐matching using lymphocyte cytotoxicity; and 4) matching based on donor‐specific antibody (DSA) specificity, determined using Luminex. A 1‐hour corrected count increment (CCI) of more than 7.5 × 109/L was considered a successful response.RESULTSSelection of platelets with either a complete HLA match or an acceptable HLA mismatch based on genomic typing and DSA information, each predicted 86% successful transfusion responses. For HLA‐mismatched transfusions, the eplet score correlated with CCI and the fraction of successful transfusions, but less well compared to DSA matching. Cytotoxic crossmatching was least predictive. For transfusions across one to four DSAs, the antibody reaction strength correlated with the 1‐hour CCI, but many transfusions were successful despite the presence of DSA.CONCLUSIONA complete HLA‐A and ‐B match or an acceptable mismatch based on DSA should guide identification of donors. Still, transfusions across DSAs are often successful, emphasizing that the presence of DSA is necessary but not sufficient for platelet clearance.
The Effect of Block Versus Daily Undulating Periodization on Strength and Performance in Adolescent Football Players
Authors: Gavanda Simon , Geisler Stephan , Quittmann Oliver Jan , Schiffer Thorsten 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: Muscle mass, strength, and power are important factors for performance. To improve these characteristics, periodized resistance training is used. However, there is no consensus regarding the most effective periodization model. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of block (BLOCK) vs daily undulating periodization (DUP) on body composition, hypertrophy, strength, performance, and power in adolescent American football players. Methods: A total of 47 subjects participated in this study (mean [SD] age = 17 [0.8] y, strength training experience = 0.93 [0.99] y). Premeasurements and postmeasurements consisted of body mass (BM); fat mass; relative fat mass; fat-free mass (FFM); muscle mass (MM); muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and triceps brachii (TB); 1-repetition-maximum back squat (BS) and bench press (BP); countermovement jump (CMJ); estimated peak power (Wpeak) from vertical jump performance; medicine-ball put (MBP); and 40-yd sprint. Subjects were randomly assigned in either the BLOCK or DUP group prior to the 12-wk intervention period consisting of 3 full-body sessions per week. Results: Both groups displayed significantly higher BM (P < .001), FFM (P < .001), MM (P < .001), RF (P < .001), VL (P < .001), TB (P < .001), BS (P < .001), BP (P < .001), CMJ (P < .001), Wpeak (P < .001), and MBP (P < .001) and significantly lower sprint times (P < .001) after 12 wk of resistance training, with no difference between groups. Conclusions: Resistance training was effective to increase muscle mass, strength, power, and performance in adolescent athletes. BLOCK and DUP affect anthropometric measures and physical performance equally.
Systematic review to investigate the safety of induction and augmentation of labour among pregnant women with iron-deficiency anaemia
Authors: Bunch Kathryn , Roberts Nia , Knight Marian , Nair Manisha 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review to investigate the safety of induction and/or augmentation of labour compared with spontaneous-onset normal labour among pregnant women with iron-deficiency anaemia.DesignSystematic review.SettingStudies from all countries, worldwide.PopulationPregnant women with iron-deficiency anaemia at labour and delivery.InterventionAny intervention related to induction and/or augmentation of labour.Outcome measuresPrimary: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), heart failure and maternal death. Secondary: Emergency caesarean section, hysterectomy, admission to intensive care unit.MethodWe searched 10 databases, including Medline and Embase, from database inception to 1 October 2018. We included all study designs except cross-sectional studies without a comparator group, case reports, case series, ecological studies, and expert opinion. The searches were conducted by a healthcare librarian and two authors independently screened and reviewed the studies. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approachto ascertain risk of bias and conducted a narrative synthesis.ResultsWe identified 3217 journal articles, 223 conference papers, 45 dissertations and 218 registered trials. Ten articles were included for full-text review and only one was found to fulfil the eligibility criteria. This was a retrospective cohort study from India, which showed that pregnant women with moderate and severe anaemia could have an increased risk of PPH if they underwent induction and/or augmentation of labour, but the evidence was weak (graded as ‘high risk of bias’).ConclusionThe best approach is to prevent anaemia, but a large number of women in low-to-middle-income countries present with severe anaemia during labour. In such women, appropriate peripartum management could prevent complications and death. Our review showed that at present we do not know if induction and augmentation of labour is safe in pregnant women with iron-deficiency anaemia and further research is required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015032421.
Factors influencing variation in investigations after a negative CT brain scan in suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage: a qualitative study
Authors: Chu Kevin , Windsor Carol , Fox Jennifer , Howell Tegwen , Keijzers Gerben , Eley Robert , Kinnear Frances , Furyk Jeremy , Thom Ogilvie , Brown Nathan J , Brown Anthony F T 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionVariation in the approach to the patient with a possible subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has been previously documented. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence emergency physicians’ decisions about diagnostic testing after a normal CT brain scan for ED patients with a headache suspicious of a SAH.MethodsWe conducted an interview-based qualitative study informed by social constructionist theory. Fifteen emergency physicians from six EDs across Queensland, Australia, underwent individual face-to-face or telephone interviews. Content analysis was performed whereby transcripts were examined and coded independently by two co-investigators, who then jointly agreed on the influencing factors.ResultsSix categories of influencing factors were identified. Patient interaction was at the forefront of the identified factors. This shared decision-making process incorporated ‘what the patient wants’ but may be biased by how the clinician communicates the benefits and harms of the diagnostic options to the patient. Patient risk profile, practice evidence and guidelines were also important. Other influencing factors included experiential factors of the clinician, consultation with colleagues and external influences where practice location and work processes impose constraints on test ordering external to the preferences of the clinician or patient. The six categories were organised within a conceptual framework comprising four components: the context, the evidence, the experience and the decision.ConclusionsWhen clinicians are faced with a diagnostic challenge, such as the workup of a patient with suspected SAH, there are a number of influencing factors that can result in a variation in approach. These need to be considered in approaches to improve the appropriateness and consistency of medical care.
Inappropriate behaviours experienced by doctors while undertaking specialty training
Authors: Abhary Sotoodeh , Botti Mari , Dhulia Anjali , Loh Erwin , Catford John 
Published: December 2018

PurposeTo explore inappropriate behaviours experienced during specialty training in Australia and their implications for doctors’ training experiences and outcomes. This is a subset of data from a larger study exploring experiences of doctors in Australian specialty training—a qualitative study of enablers, stressors and supports.MethodsIn this qualitative study, registrars in specialist training programmes in Australia were invited and interviewed between August 2015 and August 2016. Semistructured open-ended questions were used to explore topics of relevance to their workplace, training, support service use and personal lives. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, de-identified and content and thematic analysis undertaken. Recruitment was ceased when data saturation was reached and no new themes emerged. Key themes related to inappropriate behaviours experienced during specialty training are reported in this study.Results17 participants were recruited (including one Indigenous and one international medical graduate). A total of six specialty training programmes across multiple states at various locations across Australia were represented in this cohort. Almost all participants reported confronting (personally experienced or witnessed) inappropriate behaviours during their training, perpetrated most commonly by senior doctors. Key themes of inappropriate behaviour that emerged were belittling and humiliation, sexually inappropriate behaviour, inappropriate behaviour as part of the ‘culture’ of medicine, reluctance to raise concerns due to fear of recrimination, and impacts of inappropriate behaviour.ConclusionVarying inappropriate behaviours were experienced by doctors in specialty training, having implications for their psychological well-being. A multidimensional and multisystem approach is required in the management of this serious issue.
Determinants of emergency department disposition of patients with traumatic brain injury in Uganda: results from a registry
Authors: Mehmood Amber , Zia Nukhba , Kobusingye Olive , Namaganda Rukia H , Ssenyonjo Hussein , Kiryabwire Joel , Hyder Adnan A 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundTraumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a common cause of emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions in Kampala, Uganda. The objective of this study was to assess determinants of ED discharge disposition based on patient demographic and injury characteristics. Four ED outcomes were considered: discharge home, hospital admission, death, and others.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, from May 2016 to July 2017. Patients of all age groups presenting with TBI were included. Patient demographics, external causes of injury, TBI characteristics, and disposition from EDs were noted. Injury severity was estimated using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Kampala Trauma Score (KTS), and the Revised Trauma Score (RTS). A multinomial logistic regression model was used to estimate conditional ORs of hospital admission, death, and other dispositions compared with the reference category “discharged home”.ResultsA total of 3944 patients were included in the study with a male versus female ratio of 5.5:1 and a mean age of 28.5 years (SD=14.2). Patients had closed head injuries in 62.9% of cases. The leading causes of TBIs were road traffic crashes (58.8%) and intentional injuries (28.7%). There was no significant difference between the four discharge categories with respect to age, sex, mode of arrival, cause of TBI, place of injury, type of head injury, transport time, and RTS (p>0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the four discharge categories for a number of serious injuries, GCS on arrival, change in GCS, and KTS. In a multinomial logistic regression model, change in GCS, area of residence, number of serious injuries, and KTS were significant predictors of ED disposition.DiscussionThis study provides evidence that ED disposition of patients with TBI is differentially affected by injury characteristics and is largely dependent on injury severity and change in GCS during ED stay.Level of evidenceLevel II.
Biomedical optical properties of color light and near-infrared fluorescence separated-merged imager
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xue Ya-Zhou , Yang Xiao-Feng 
Published: December 2018

Objective: We study the biomedical optical properties of the color light and near-infrared fluorescence separated-merged imager. Materials and Methods: The color light and near-infrared fluorescence separated-merged imager can illuminate the visible light and the near-infrared light of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm, receiving the reflected light and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm near-infrared fluorescence, and display the color, fluorescence and merge image. ICG solution of different concentration, including standing time, was allocated to study the best imaging condition in vitro, and the depth of fluorescence penetration was studied with 5% agarose gel; the imaging characteristics of the imager was studied using SD rat; and then the SLNs tracing in 4 cases of penile carcinoma was performed. Results: When the concentration of ICG is 13.11[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L, the fluorescence intensity and the merge image are the best. The maximum depth of fluorescence imaging is 9[Formula: see text]mm in 5% agarose gel, while the bone has the greatest influence on it. The SLNs tracing shows that the imager can locate the SLNs in vitro, to achieve perioperative navigation during biopsy. Conclusion: There are many factors that affect the imaging effect, but the imaging effect of the imager meets the requirement of vision in a wide range, and can effectively trace the SLNs in perioperative period.
Lead and Juvenile Delinquency: New Evidence from Linked Birth, School, and Juvenile Detention Records
Authors: Aizer Anna , Currie Janet 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Using a unique data set linking preschool blood lead levels, birth, school, and detention records for 125,000 children born between 1990 and 2004 in Rhode Island, we estimate the impact of lead on school suspension and juvenile detention. Sibling fixed-effect models suggest that omitted variables related to family disadvantage do not bias OLS estimates. However, measurement error does. We use IV methods that exploit local (within-neighborhood), variation in lead exposure deriving from road proximity and the deleading of gasoline. For boys, a 1 unit increase in lead increased the probability of suspension from school by 6% and detention by 57%.
Effectiveness of Diabetes Self-Management Education Programs for US Latinos at Improving Emotional Distress: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gutierrez Angela P. , Fortmann Addie L. , Savin Kimberly , Clark Taylor L. , Gallo Linda C. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose This systematic review examined whether diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions for US Latino adults improve general emotional distress (eg, depression symptoms) and/or health-specific emotional distress (eg, diabetes distress). The topic is important given the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), concomitant distress, and worse health outcomes among Latinos and considering the barriers that distress poses for effective diabetes self-management. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of the online databases PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, and CENTRAL was conducted from database inception through April 2018. A comprehensive search strategy identified trials testing DSME interventions for US Latinos with T2DM that reported on changes in general or health-specific emotional distress. Risk of bias was assessed using the EPHPP Quality Assessment Tool. Raw mean differences ( D) and effect sizes ( d) were computed where possible. Results Fifteen studies were included in the review. Six of 8 studies that examined depression symptoms reported significant symptom reduction. Of 10 studies that examined health-specific emotional distress, 6 reported significant symptom reduction. Effect sizes ranged from −0.20 to –3.85. Null findings were more readily found among studies with very small sample sizes (n < 30) and studies testing interventions without specific psychosocial content, with little cultural tailoring, with less frequent intervention sessions, and with support sessions lacking concurrent diabetes education. Most studies (11) received a weak rating of evidence quality. Conclusions There is an absence of strong evidence to support that DSME programs tailored for Latino adults with T2DM are beneficial for improving emotional distress. Methodologically robust studies are needed.
Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention of the LAD: costs and long-term outcome
Authors: Merkle Julia , Zeriouh Mohamed , Sabashnikov Anton , Azizov Farid , Hohmann Christopher , Weber Carolyn , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Said Yousef , Wahlers Thorsten , Michels Guido 
Published: December 2018

Objective: Outcomes and treatment costs for coronary artery disease involving the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) are influenced by the type of treatment, which can be either isolated minimally invasive revascularization of the LAD using the internal thoracic artery (ITA) (MIDCAB) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the LAD. This retrospective study sought to evaluate long-term survival, freedom from re-intervention and cost analysis after MIDCAB compared to PCI on the LAD. Methods: Between 2006 and 2012, from a total of 561 patients, 106 consecutive patients with LAD stenosis underwent a MIDCAB procedure whereas 100 patients underwent elective PCI. Urgent and emergent cases were excluded from the present study (n = 355). Detailed analysis of the outcome data was performed for both groups. A Kaplan–Meier survival estimation with up to 10-year follow-up was applied for both groups for survival analysis and freedom from re-intervention. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in terms of clinically relevant baseline characteristics. The outcome in the MIDCAB group was superior regarding long-term overall survival, accounting for 100% versus 92.8% at 1 year, 98.5% versus 82.1% at 6 years and 79.6% versus 61.5% at 10 years (Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) p = 0.011) and freedom from re-intervention at 10 years (97.2% vs. 86.7%, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) p = 0.001). Intensive care unit (ICU) stay (p = 0.020) and total hospital stay (p<0.001) were significantly longer in the MIDCAB group, which was also associated with higher in-hospital costs (10,879 € vs. 4009 €, p<0.001). Conclusions: Whereas patients undergoing MIDCAB remained longer on ICU and in hospital, causing higher costs, this procedure was associated with a significantly lower incidence of repeat revascularization and significantly lower mortality compared to PCI on the LAD.
Challenge of the 90S: Harmonizing Business and Technology for Commercial Advantage
Authors: Hunt Garry E. 
Published: December 2018

Every business executive in every industry throughout the world is facing increasing and unrelenting competition. During the past decade this growing competition has brought with it the associated threat of survival of so many enterprises at a time when we are also experiencing the effects of a new industrial revolution created by the continuing and rapid advancements in information technology. In this paper we present the argument that the key to corporate success is associated with the development of the effective management of IT. The expenditures involved are now so large that they must be the concern of the Chief Executive Officer of the company. But, as we demonstrate, this is not the current situation in many organizations. The challenge of the ‘90s will be to integrate in an effective manner, the corporate business strategy with the increasing use of IT. In many cases, it will require a new style of management, but for those organizations who do not make this change, their corporate prosperity may be at stake. This paper sets out my personal view on this major issue, which was presented on the 23 April 1990, as the British Computer Society 1990 Jubilee lecture and sponsored by Computer Weekly.