bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the temporal relationship between alcohol‐related attitudes and heavy episodic drinking in adolescents within a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Percy Andrew , Padgett R. Noah , McKay Michael T. , Cole Jon C. , Burkhart Gregor , Brennan Chloe , Sumnall Harry R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsWithin many alcohol prevention interventions, changes in alcohol‐related attitudes (ARA) are often proposed as precursors to changes in drinking behaviour. This study aimed to measure the longitudinal relationship between ARA and behaviour during the implementation of a large‐scale prevention trial.Design and settingThis study was a two‐arm school‐based clustered randomized controlled trial. A total of 105 schools in Northern Ireland and Scotland participated in the Steps Towards Alcohol Misuse Prevention Programme (STAMPP) Trial.ParticipantsA sample of 12 738 pupils (50% female; mean age = 12.5 years at baseline) self‐completed questionnaires on four occasions (T1–T4). The final data sweep (T4) was 33 months post baseline.MeasurementsIndividual assessments of ARA and heavy episodic drinking (HED) were made at each time‐point. Additional covariates included location, school type, school socio‐economic status and intervention arm. Estimated models examined the within‐individual autoregressive and cross‐lagged effects between ARA and HED across the four time‐points (Bayes estimator).FindingsAll autoregressive effects were statistically significant for both ARA and HED across all time‐points. Past ARA predicted future ARA [e.g. ARAT1 → ARAT2 = 0.071, credibility interval (CI) = 0.043–0.099, P < 0.001, one‐tailed]. Similarly, past HED predicated future HED (e.g. HEDT1 → HEDT2 = 0.303, CI = 0.222–0.382, P < 0.001, one‐tailed). Autoregressive effects for HED were larger than those for ARA at all time‐points. In the cross‐lagged effects, past HED statistically significantly predicted more positive ARA in the future (e.g. HEDT2 → ARAT3 = 0.125, CI = 0.078–0.173, P < 0.001, one tailed) except for the initial T1–T2 path. In contrast, past ARA did not predict future HED across any time‐points.ConclusionsChanges in alcohol‐related attitudes were not a precursor to changes in heavy episodic drinking within the Steps Towards Alcohol Misuse Prevention Programme (STAMPP) Trial in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Rather, alcohol‐related attitudes were more likely to reflect prior drinking status than predict future status. Heavy episodic drinking status appears to have a greater impact on future alcohol attitudes than attitudes do on future heavy episodic drinking.
Notes on Two, Inland and Island, Multi‐Species Heronries in the Northern Part of Nyerere National Park, Tanzania
Authors: John Jasson , Irmamasita Daniel , Park Se‐Young , Choi Chang‐Yong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTwo multi‐species heronries, inland and island, found in the northern part of Nyerere National Park in Tanzania are described. A total of 12 waterbird species were breeding. The inland heronry, located in a bushwillow patch amidst the open savanna habitat, hosted all 12 species. From the drone images taken at the inland heronry, we estimated 3492 individuals for five white bird species (egrets and Africa Sacred Ibis), and 1729 and 160 individuals for the African Openbill and African Spoonbill, respectively. Additionally, we estimated 11 and 55 breeding pairs of spoonbills and ibises, respectively, at the island heronry. Documentation of such large multi‐species heronries is limited in Tanzania, especially in the southern region. Therefore, we hope this note will encourage researchers to explore the region for more heronries because these are important sites for waterbirds population management.
Effects of free and nanoencapsulated garlic essential oil on growth performance and immune functions in broiler chickens
Authors: Amiri Negin , Afsharmanesh Mohsen , Meimandipour Amir , Poorghasemi Mohammadreza , Hosseini Sayed Abdollah , Salarmoini Mohammad , Asa Mohammad Naeem 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe aim of this research was to determine the effect of free and nanoencapsulated garlic essential oil (GEO) on performance, serum biochemistry, and immune functions. Broiler chickens (900 males 1‐day‐old, Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six treatment diets (0, 75, or 150 mg/kg free GEO and 0 [containing chitosan], 75, or 150 mg/kg nanoencapsulated GEO) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. The inclusion of nanoencapsulated GEO with a concentration of 75 mg/kg significantly increased the growth performance (p < 0.05) of the birds fed the diet containing free GEO (75 mg/kg). Also, GEO nanocapsules significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) compared to the control diet (p < 0.05) (42 days), sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibody titer (35 and 42 days), heterophilus (H): lymphocyte (L), and H ratio, 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) (42 days) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings show that the amount of 75 (mg/kg) of the nanoencapsulated GEO, compared to the free GEO, causes more growth performance and strengthens the immune system of broiler chickens.
Diagnostic and prognostic genomic aberrations in upper tract urothelial carcinoma can be identified in focal barbotage samples
Authors: Axelsson Tomas Andri , Sydén Filip , Eisfeldt Jesper , Eriksson Ylva , Lundberg Gustav Göthner , Jaremko Georg , Gyllensten Ollanta Cuba , Tham Emma , Brehmer Marianne 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate whether genetic analysis of focal barbotage samples obtained at ureterorenoscopy (URS) is possible, and to identify genetic aberrations that might add prognostic information.MethodsThis prospective study included barbotage samples from 42 patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) confirmed at URS. At URS, focal barbotage specimens were collected for cytology and for gene sequencing. Tumour grades were determined from cytology and/or biopsy, or from radical nephroureterectomy samples. Next‐generation sequencing using a 385‐gene panel was performed and single nucleotide variants (SNVs), deletions/insertions (indels) and copy number aberrations (CNAs) were identified. Manual filtering of the SNVs/indels was performed to identify possible pathogenic mutations.ResultsOf the 42 samples, two failed quality control, therefore, 40 focal barbotage samples were sequenced. We identified known and suspected pathogenic mutations and other genomic aberrations in 36 samples. The most common variants were in TERT (78%), FGFR3 (50%), KMT2D (42%), KDM6A (42%), ARID1A (39%), TP53 (19%) and deletion of 9q (50%). Known pathogenic mutations in FGFR3 were common in grade 1 and 2 tumours, but not present in any grade 3 tumour. No patients with an FGFR3 mutation died during follow‐up. TP53 variants or deletions, as well as amplifications of MDM2, were only present in high‐grade (HG) tumours or low‐grade (LG) tumours in patients who had metastasis/died from urinary tract carcinoma. CNAs were detected in 36/40 barbotage samples, 91% of the HG samples and 69% of the LG samples, including those from all five patients with LG tumours with metastasis or who died from urinary tract cancer.ConclusionFocal barbotage samples enable identification of gene mutations and other genetic aberrations that may add important prognostic information to histopathology and cytology. Refined prognostication of UTUC patients already at diagnosis can guide treatment decisions and follow‐up programmes.
Phase II study of perioperative camrelizumab and XELOX for locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
Authors: He Jiaxing , Zhang Bo , Zhou Shuai , Yang Ying , Han Zhuo , Wu Tao , Qiao Qing , Yang Haicheng , He Xianli , Wang Nan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy have shown promising efficacy in treating gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma in the neoadjuvant setting. This phase II trial (NCT05715632) aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of perioperative camrelizumab plus XELOX in patients with locally advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. Treatment‐naive patients with cT3‐4aN1‐3 M0 resectable locally advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma were recruited to receive camrelizumab (200 mg, intravenously) on Day 1 combined with XELOX (oxaliplatin at 130 mg/m2 on Day 1 and capecitabine at 1000 mg/m2 on Days 1–14) every 3 weeks for four cycles, followed by surgery and adjuvant camrelizumab combined with XELOX every 3 weeks for four cycles. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR; ypT0N0) rate. From September 2020 to January 2023, 46 patients were enrolled, and all patients completed neoadjuvant therapy. Among them, 43 underwent D2 resection. In the intention‐to‐treat population, pCR was achieved in nine patients (19.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.9%–34.4%), and the major pathological response was achieved in 25 patients (54.3%, 95% CI: 39.2%–68.8%). The objective response rate was 69.6%, of which 12 patients achieved a complete response and 20 patients achieved a partial response. The 1‐year event‐free survival and disease‐free survival rates were both 93.1%. Treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 42 (91.3%) patients, and grade 3 TRAEs occurred in nine (19.6%) patients. No grades 4–5 TRAEs were observed. Perioperative camrelizumab combined with XELOX showed promising pathological response with an acceptable safety profile in patients with resectable locally advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma.
Can Education for Sustainable Development Support Climate Change Adaptation Effectively? A Delphi Study of Germany's Non‐Formal Education Sector
Authors: Lüdtke Kim Alina , Thapa Philipp P. , Zerbe Stefan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEducation for Sustainable Development (ESD) aims to transform lifestyles and societal structures for a better future. Today, ESD often focuses on climate change (CC) and is widely considered as an important tool for empowering individuals for climate change adaptation (CCA). However, the effectiveness of ESD has scarcely been assessed empirically, especially in non‐formal education. To address this gap, we conducted a Delphi study involving ESD practitioners from German non‐formal education institutions. Our findings indicate that practitioners recognise the importance of ESD but think that it lacks coherence and needs further development, particularly in teaching CCA. Respondents identified various challenges, including the complexity of the topic and its association with ‘dystopian’ future visions. For successful CCA, respondents consider the ability to act, self‐efficacy and motivation as crucial. We conclude that prioritising problem‐solving skills and encouraging learners to reimagine social structures are essential for ESD to effectively contribute to society’s CCA preparedness.
Predictive value of hematologic parameters and HALP score for testicular viability in adults with testicular torsion: A multicentric study
Authors: Yilmaz Ahmet Burak , Ozercan Ali Yasin , Erkan Anil , Elmaagac Burak , Senel Cagdas , Keten Tanju , Kutluhan Musab Ali , Kizilkan Yalcin , Yildizhan Mehmet , Oner Suleyman , Demirbas Murat , Guzel Ozer , Ozdal Ozdem Levent , Karabulut Erdem , Tuncel Altug 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate the predictivity of haematologic parameters and HALP score on testicular viability in adults with testicular torsion.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 139 men ≥18 years of age who underwent testicular detorsion with fixation (n = 90) or orchiectomy (n = 49) due to testicular torsion in five different tertiary centers between May 2019 and August 2023. Demographic, pre‐, peri‐ and postoperative data were analyzed.ResultsThe hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score in the orchiectomy group was significantly lower compared to the detorsion group (adjusted p = 0.032). Platelet to lymphocyte ratio and duration of torsion were significantly higher in the orchiectomy group (adjusted p = 0.048, adjusted p = 0.000, respectively). Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio did not reach statistical significance between the groups (adjusted p = 0.074) Furthermore, the orchiectomy group had statistically significantly more heterogeneous echotexture on scrotal ultrasonography (adjusted p = 0.000). On binary logistic regression analysis; platelet‐lymphocyte ratio and HALP score were not found as significant predictors for surgical outcome (p = 0.296, p = 0.078, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only heterogeneous echotexture on scrotal Doppler ultrasonography and duration of torsion were independent risk factors for testicular necrosis development (p = 0.004, p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that heterogeneous echotexture on ultrasound and longer duration of torsion seem to be independent risk factors for testicular necrosis after testicular torsion in adults. However, neither haematologic parameters nor HALP score provided valuable information for testicular viability before scrotal exploration in our series.
The Meaning of the Future for Adolescent Mothers: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Ospina‐Romero Angelica María , Pardo‐Torres Myriam Patricia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo describe the meaning that adolescent mothers give to their future.DesignQualitative study with a design based on grounded theory and the approach proposed by Corbin and Strauss.MethodsForty‐nine semistructured individual interviews were conducted with mothers between the ages of 16 and 19 living permanently with their child more than 40 days postpartum. The interviews were audio recorded. Field notes were made that were transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was carried out by means of open, axial and selective coding and theoretical sampling.ResultsAdolescent mothers’ meaning of the future was encompassed by the core category of ‘changing life, but not destroying it’. Five general categories emerged: changing life by being a mother; taking my child forward regardless of whether I expected it; changing my mind about motherhood; adjusting expectations about the child's father; performing family planning in search of a better future; each category is supported by subcategories that further adolescent mothers’ meaning of the future.ConclusionsThe meaning that an adolescent mother gives to her future arises from the interaction of the events in her past and her reaction to the present. In addition, this experience, together with her other circumstances, leads her to interpret reality in a specific way.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThis study provides obstetric nursing professionals with a theoretical proposal that describes the meaning of the future for adolescent mothers. It enables nursing practitioners to optimise care by aligning it with the realities faced by these mothers.ImpactTeen pregnancy is a public health priority. The theoretical approach in the study provides a distinct view to the field of nursing, health professionals and the school/government system on adolescent mothers. It demonstrates the vulnerability of mothers and their children and how they require an organised system that bypasses the inequity and stigmatisation to which they are subject.Reporting MethodCOREQ checklist was used.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
The Dual PIM/FLT3 Inhibitor MEN1703 Combines Synergistically With Gilteritinib in FLT3‐ITD‐Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Zicari Sonia , Merlino Giuseppe , Paoli Alessandro , Fiascarelli Alessio , Tunici Patrizia , Bisignano Diego , Belli Francesco , Irrissuto Clelia , Talucci Simone , Cirigliano Elena , Iannitto Maria Luisa , Bigioni Mario , Bressan Alessandro , Brzózka Krzysztof , Ghiaur Gabriel , Bellarosa Daniela , Binaschi Monica 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMEN1703 is a first‐in‐class, oral, Type I dual PIM/FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitor (FLT3i) investigated in a Phase I/II DIAMOND‐01 trial in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Gilteritinib is a highly potent and selective oral FLT3i approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory AML with FLT3 mutations. Although gilteritinib showed strong single‐agent activity in FLT3‐mutated AML, the development of gilteritinib resistance limits response durability, indicating the importance of novel combination strategies to improve disease outcome. PIM kinases govern FLT3‐ITD signalling and increased PIM kinase expression is found in samples from AML patients relapsing on FLT3i. Here, we report that the simultaneous inhibition of PIM and FLT3, through the combination of MEN1703 and gilteritinib, can consistently improve the in vitro/in vivo antitumor activity over the single agents, demonstrating the benefit of this combination. Moreover, we demonstrate that resistance to gilteritinib can be circumvented by combining MEN1703 with gilteritinib. MEN1703 interferes with FLT3 upregulation, Mcl‐1 overexpression and PIM kinase signalling, which are all involved in FLT3i resistance. We also show that MEN1703 downregulates stromal cytokines that promote cytokine‐mediated resistance of AML blast cells to FLT3 inhibition. These results demonstrate the importance of the combination approach to overcome microenvironment‐mediated resistance to FLT3 inhibitors.
The Molecular Mechanism Investigation of HBP‐A Slows Down Meniscus Hypertrophy and Mineralisation by the Damage Mechanical Model
Authors: Yang Zongrui , Feng Yuanyuan , Zhang Mingcai , Liu Yongming , Xiong Yizhe , Wang Xiang , Shi Ying , Chen Bo , Wang Zhengming , Ge Haiya , Zhan Hongsheng , Shen Zhibi , Du Guoqing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHBP‐A is the main active component of a traditional Chinese medicine Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule, for the remarkable treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study aimed to elucidate the ameliorative effect of HBP‐A on meniscus hypertrophy and mineralisation in KOA and the molecular mechanism of its action. An Hartley guinea pig model of KOA that underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and a model of rat primary meniscus fibrochondrocytes (PMFs) were used to investigate the ameliorative effect of HBP‐A on meniscal hypertrophy and calcification and its signal transduction mechanism of action. The results show that Guinea pig's meniscus width, as well as the area of meniscus calcification and meniscus and articular cartilage injury score, were significantly reduced in the HBP‐A intervention group compared to the ACLT group. The expression levels of mtrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and ankylosis homologue (ANKH) at the protein and gene level significantly decreased in the HBP‐A intervention group compared to the ACLT group. In vitro study, apoptosis, hypertrophy, and calcification of rat PMFs after 10% stretch force were significantly improved with HBP‐A intervention. Western blot and RT‐qPCR showed that hypertrophy, calcification, and p38 MAPK signalling pathway‐related markers of PMFs were incredibly depressed in the HBP‐A intervention group compared to the 10% stretch force group. In conclusion, HBP‐A can slow down meniscus hypertrophy and mineralisation induced by abnormal mechanical loading, and its mechanism of action may be through the p38‐MAPK signalling pathway.
Building a Risk Scoring Model for ARDS in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Hong Erchun , Sun Yunyun , Qin Yongming , Zhao Wenjun , Qin Yanzi , Li Xincan , Zhang Liang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the predominant form of non‐small‐cell lung cancer, is frequently complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which increases mortality risks. Investigating the prognostic implications of ARDS‐related genes in LUAD is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. Data from TCGA, GEO and GTEx were used to identify 276 ARDS‐related genes in LUAD via differential expression analysis. Univariate Cox regression, consensus clustering and machine learning algorithms were used to develop a prognostic risk scoring model. Functional enrichment, immune infiltration analyses, copy number variations and mutational burdens were examined, and the results were validated at the single‐cell level. ARDS‐related genes significantly impact the prognosis of LUAD patients. A machine learning‐based risk scoring model accurately predicted survival rates. Functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses revealed that these genes are primarily involved in cell cycle regulation and immune cell infiltration. Single‐cell expression data supported these findings, and the assessments of copy number variations and mutational burdens highlighted distinct genetic characteristics. This study establishes the prognostic relevance of ARDS‐associated genes in LUAD and provides potential biomarkers for personalized therapy and prognosis. Future studies will validate these findings and explore their clinical applications.
Efficacy and Safety of Topical Application of Plant‐Based Products on Skin Aging in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Cheng Fengrui , Feng Jinhong , Cao Ziling , Duan Qu , Li Haoying 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecently, numerous topical products containing plant‐based ingredients have been reported to resist skin aging. However, there is a lack of sufficient evidence to substantiate these claims. This paper presents a comprehensive review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical products containing plants or plant extracts in anti‐aging.MethodsFour databases—PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL)—were systematically searched for articles related to plant‐based interventions and skin aging, covering the period from January 2000 to December 2024. A total of eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis.ResultsProducts containing plant extracts demonstrated a statistically significant difference in improving skin hydration and skin elasticity, reducing melanin and erythema compared to other products. No significant statistical difference was observed in reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant statistical difference in improvement overall skin elasticity (R2) during short‐term (≤ 8 weeks)treatments, while no statistical difference was observed during long‐term (> 8 weeks)treatments. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the specific measurements of skin elasticity, including R5 (net elasticity) and R7 (the ratio of elastic recovery to total deformation). Regarding safety, no adverse events were reported in six studies, while the remaining two studies did not specify whether adverse events occurred.ConclusionThe meta‐analysis results indicated that botanical preparations significantly enhanced skin hydration, reduced melanin levels and erythema, and increased overall skin elasticity. However, the analysis did not provide sufficient evidence to support a reduction in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), or improvements in R5 (net elasticity) and R7 (the ratio of elastic recovery to total deformation).Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (york.ac.uk) identifier: CRD42023478803