bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximal Branches of the Anterior Cerebral Artery: Anatomic Study and Applications to Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery
Authors: Najera Edinson , Truong Huy Q , Belo Joao T Alves , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , Gardner Paul A , Fernandez-Miranda Juan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The endoscopic endonasal approach is a surgical alternative for midline anterior skull base tumors. A detailed understanding of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) branches’ anatomy from an endonasal perspective is essential for avoiding vascular complications.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate, from an endonasal perspective, the anatomic variations of the ACA and its proximal branches, specifically the recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH), and the fronto-orbital (FOA) and frontopolar (FPA) arteries.

METHODS
We study the origin, course, branching pattern, diameter, and relationship between the proximal ACA branches and the optic apparatus and olfactory tract in 25 head specimens.

RESULTS
The RAH was present in all hemispheres and originated within 3 ± 1.5 mm of the AcomA, with a 0.4 ± 0.1 mm diameter. Based on its relationship with the A1 segment, we observed three RAH courses: anterior (40%), superior (22%), and posterior (38%). The FOA was present in all cases, a mean of 6 ± 4 mm from the AcomA, with a 0.7 ± 0.4 mm diameter. The FOA arose mainly from the A2 (70%), with three courses in relation to the olfactory tract: crossing its proximal third (54%), crossing its middle third (31%), and running parallel to it along the gyrus rectus (15%). The FPA was present in 92% of the hemispheres, a mean of 10 ± 5 mm from the AcomA, always arising from the A2 and coursing anteriorly within the interhemispheric fissure towards the frontal pole.

CONCLUSION
The RAH, FOA, and FPA can be differentiated by origin, course, and destination using the A1 segment, olfactory tract, and interhemispheric fissure, respectively, as surgical landmarks.
Transsylvian, Carotid-Oculomotor Triangle Approach for Resection of a Rapidly Enlarging Midbrain-Pontine Cavernous Malformation: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Sorenson Thomas J , Hughes Joshua D , Lanzino Giuseppe , Rangel Castilla Leonardo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Cavernous malformations (CM) of the anterior midbrain are best reached through an orbitozygomatic (OZ) approach with removal of the orbital rim and wide Sylvian fissure dissection. Our surgical video demonstrates this approach to resect a ruptured CM in a 36-yr-old woman who presented with headaches, left face and left arm paresthesias/weakness, and right-sided partial oculomotor nerve (CN III) palsy. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a midbrain CM, and the patient was managed conservatively. However, 1 wk later, she presented again with worsened left arm and leg weakness and complete CN III palsy. Seven Tesla MRI demonstrated a larger hematoma, and the CM with new mass effect and upper pons extension. The patient underwent a right modified OZ craniotomy and Sylvian fissure split under guidance of intraoperative neuronavigation and with neuromonitoring. The carotid-oculomotor triangle and the Liliequist membrane were dissected to access the midbrain, and CN III was identified and followed posteriorly to the midbrain. Confirmed with neuronavigation, a longitudinal incision of the midbrain was performed, and the CM was encountered. The hematoma and CM were debulked and removed in a piece-meal fashion, leaving hemosiderin-stained brain intact to prevent unnecessary additional damage to the midbrain. Postoperative MRI confirmed gross-total resection, and the patient's weakness recovered substantially. In this video, we demonstrate that the brainstem is no longer forbidden surgical territory, and show how the use of neuronavigation for surgical planning, positioning, and approach, in addition to the understanding of safe entry zones and meticulous microsurgical technique have made safe and effective surgery on the brainstem possible.
The Superior Hypophyseal Arteries: Anatomical Study with an Endoscopic Endonasal Perspective
Authors: Doglietto Francesco , Prevedello Daniel Monte-Serrat , Belotti Francesco , Ferrari Marco , Lancini Davide , Schreiber Alberto , Raffetti Elena , La Rocca Giuseppe , Rigante Mario , Lauretti Liverana , Hirtler Lena , Buffoli Barbara , Nicolai Piero , Fontanella Marco Maria , Rodella Luigi , Gentili Fred , Tschabitscher Manfred 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The use of high-definition endoscopes in extended transsphenoidal approaches to the suprasellar area has significantly improved visualization of its vascularization.

OBJECTIVE
To systematically examine the superior hypophyseal arteries (SHAs) anatomy from an endonasal endoscopic perspective.

METHODS
The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal trans-tuberculum approach was performed in 19 adult, fresh and latex injected specimens. Dissections recordings were reviewed to analyze SHAs type, number, and branches, as well as internal carotid arteries (ICA) branches that vascularized optic nerves and chiasm.

RESULTS
Identification of SHAs was possible in all specimens (37/38 sides). The number of SHAs varied from 1 to 3 per side (mean: 1.7). The anterior superior hypophyseal artery was visible in almost all cases (35/37 sides) and originated at the level of the carotid cave in 18/35 specimens; number of branches ranged from 1 to 6 (mean: 3.5), directed to the optic nerve (86%), chiasm (57%), infundibulum (86%), and/or parallel to the pituitary stalk (74%). The 4 main branches and patterns, originally described by McConnell in 1953, were confirmed. The posterior superior hypophyseal artery was evident in 28/37 sides with number of branches ranging from 0 to 4 (mean: 2.1), directed to the optic chiasm (50%), optic tract (32%), infundibulum (79%), and/or pituitary stalk (36%). The surgical implications of this study, together with anatomical and clinical videos, are also briefly discussed.

CONCLUSION
SHAs constitute a complex of anterior and posterior branches that stem from the medial ICA with different patterns, vascularizing the optic apparatus and pituitary stalk.
Novel Hemicraniectomy Technique for Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: Technical Note
Authors: Lyon Kristopher A , Patel Nitesh P , Zhang Yilu , Huang Jason H , Feng Dongxia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DH) is the mainstay of treatment for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI). Although this operation significantly reduces mortality and improves functional outcomes, the conventional technique involves a reverse question mark incision starting anterior to the tragus that can injure the scalp's major blood supply, the superficial temporal artery (STA), which increases the risk of postoperative complications.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
We developed a modified DH technique to reduce surgical morbidity associated with injury to the STA, accommodate a large bone window for effective decompression, and improve operative speed. After performing hospital chart review, a total of 34 patients were found who underwent this DH technique for MMI. Of these, 22 patients had this performed for right-sided MMI and 12 patients had this performed for left-sided MMI.

CONCLUSION
In each case, our approach preserved the STA and thereby minimized the risk for ischemic necrosis of the scalp flap. Since our technique avoids dissection of the preauricular temporalis muscle, we believe operative times can be decreased while still accommodating a large bone window to allow for effective decompression of the infarcted brain parenchyma.
Proposal and Validation of a Simple Grading Scale (TRANSSPHER Grade) for Predicting Gross Total Resection of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Macroadenomas After Transsphenoidal Surgery
Authors: Mooney Michael A , Sarris Christina E , Zhou James J , Barkhoudarian Garni , Chicoine Michael R , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C , Gardner Paul A , Hardesty Douglas A , Jahnke Heidi , Kelly Daniel F , Liebelt Brandon D , Mayberg Marc R , Prevedello Daniel M , Sfondouris John , Sheehy John P , Chandler James P , Yuen Kevin C J , White William L , Little Andrew S ,   The TRANSSPHER Study Group, White William L , Little Andrew S , Sfondouris John , Liebelt Brandon D , Jahnke Heidi , Gardner Paul A , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C , Valappil Benita , Chicoine Michael R , Dacey Ralph , Zipfel Gregory , Kim Albert , Evans John , Kelly Daniel F , Barkhoudarian Garni , Heng Annie , Chandler James P , Lesniak Matt S , Bloch Orin , Amidei Christina , Yuen Kevin C J , Tongco Caryl , Mayberg Marc , Prevedello Daniel M , Hoskins Bridget , Smith Timothy R 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A simple, reliable grading scale to better characterize nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) preoperatively has potential for research and clinical applications.

OBJECTIVE
To develop a grading scale from a prospective multicenter cohort of patients that accurately and reliably predicts the likelihood of gross total resection (GTR) after transsphenoidal NFPA surgery.

METHODS
Extent-of-resection (EOR) data from a prospective multicenter study in transsphenoidal NFPA surgery were analyzed (TRANSSPHER study; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02357498). Sixteen preoperative radiographic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tumor characteristics (eg, tumor size, invasion measures, tumor signal characteristics, and parameters impacting surgical access) were evaluated to determine EOR predictors, to calculate receiver-operating characteristic curves, and to develop a grading scale. A separate validation cohort (n = 165) was examined to assess the scale's performance and inter-rater reliability.

RESULTS
Data for 222 patients from 7 centers treated by 15 surgeons were analyzed. Approximately one-fifth of patients (18.5%; 41 of 222) underwent subtotal resection (STR). Maximum tumor diameter > 40 mm; nodular tumor extension through the diaphragma into the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, posterior fossa, or ventricle; and Knosp grades 3 to 4 were identified as independent STR predictors. A grading scale (TRANSSPHER grade) based on a combination of these 3 features outperformed individual variables in predicting GTR (AUC, 0.732). In a validation cohort, the scale exhibited high sensitivity and specificity (AUC, 0.779) and strong inter-rater reliability (kappa coefficient, 0.617).

CONCLUSION
This simple, reliable grading scale based on preoperative MRI characteristics can be used to better characterize NFPAs for clinical and research purposes and to predict the likelihood of achieving GTR.
Clipping Technique for the Repair of the Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage during Transsphenoidal Pituitary Tumor Surgery
Authors: Kim Eui Hyun , Moon Ju Hyung , Kim Sun Ho 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
During transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for a pituitary adenoma with a large suprasellar extension, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage commonly develops from a defect in the arachnoid recess or the arachnoid membrane.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the usefulness of a newly developed clipping technique for the repair of intraoperative CSF leakage.

METHODS
Between September 2012 and November 2016, 698 patients with pituitary adenoma were operated on with TSS. Intraoperative CSF leakage was encountered in 301 patients (43.1%). The clipping technique was used to repair CSF leakage in 144 patients: from the arachnoid recess in 100 patients and from the arachnoid membrane in 44 patients. The clipping technique used titanium clips and a newly designed clip applier. We evaluated anterior pituitary function of the patients whose CSF leakage was closed by clipping, and compared this with function in another patient group treated with different repair techniques.

RESULTS
We successfully applied clip technique in 140 out of 144 patients. This clipping technique was faster and easier for repairing CSF leakage than our previously published suture technique. In our early series, 4 patients developed unexpected CSF rhinorrhea after TSS. We found no difference in anterior pituitary function between a clipping group and others. Although titanium clip was identified on postoperative MRI, its metallic scattered artifact was very minimal and did not hinder the detection of possible remnant and recurrent tumors.

CONCLUSION
This clipping technique is a very simple and reliable method for repairing intraoperative CSF leakage when properly applied with caution.
Whatever It Takes: The Real Effects of Unconventional Monetary Policy
Authors: Acharya Viral V , Eisert Tim , Eufinger Christian , Hirsch Christian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Launched in Summer 2012, the European Central Bank’s (ECB) Outright Monetary Transactions (OMT) program indirectly recapitalized European banks through its positive impact on periphery sovereign bonds. However, the stability reestablished in the banking sector did not fully translate into economic growth. We document zombie lending by banks that remained weakly capitalized even post-OMT. In turn, firms receiving loans used these funds not to undertake real economic activity, such as employment and investment, but to build cash reserves. Creditworthy firms in industries with a high zombie firm prevalence significantly suffered from this credit misallocation, which further slowed the economic recovery.
Received March 21, 2018; editorial decision November 13, 2018 by Editor Philip Strahan. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Systematic congruence in Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora): are DNA and morphology telling the same story?
Authors: Litvaitis Marian K , Bolaños D Marcela , Quiroga Sigmer Y 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Using 28S ribosomal DNA sequences, we inferred the internal relationships of the order Polycladida. We identified morphological characters for clade support when possible. Monophyletic Acotylea and Cotylea were consistently recovered. In Acotylea, the superfamilies Stylochoidea, Cryptoceloidea and Leptoplanoidea were supported, with Stylochoidea representing the most basal acotylean lineage. In Leptoplanoidea, we united genera lacking a penis armature into the new family Notocomplanidae. Gnesiocerotidae was recovered as the most basal leptoplanoid lineage, and Stylochoplanidae and Notoplanidae were paraphyletic. Among cotyleans, Cestoplanidae, Diposthus popeae + Pericelis spp., Boniniidae, Pseudocerotidae and Prosthiostomidae formed clades. Genera in Euryleptidae were monophyletic, but the family itself was recovered with low support only. The established superfamilies Pseudocerotoidea, Euryleptoidea, Periceloidea and Chromoplanoidea are not supported. Pericelis has been moved to Diposthidae and Pericelidae has been abolished. A clade of Boniniidae + Theama spp. + Chromyella sp. was supported. In Pseudocerotidae, the number of male reproductive structures unites Pseudobiceros and Thysanozoon. Tytthosoceros has been abolished, with all currently described species now placed in Phrikoceros. Our results support several additional synonymies and taxonomic corrections. This new phylogeny provides an increased understanding of relationships in the order and offers a framework for future testing of hypotheses of character evolution and life-history strategies.
Network-targeted, multi-site direct cortical stimulation enhances working memory by modulating phase lag of low frequency oscillations
Authors: Alagapan Sankaraleengam , Riddle Justin , Huang Wei Angel , Hadar Eldad , Shin Hae Won , Fröhlich Flavio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWorking memory, an important component of cognitive control, is supported by the coordinated activation of a network of cortical regions in the frontal and parietal cortices. Oscillations in theta and alpha frequency bands are thought to coordinate these network interactions. Thus, targeting multiple nodes of the network with brain stimulation at the frequency of interaction may be an effective means of modulating working memory. We tested this hypothesis by identifying regions that are functionally connected in theta and alpha frequency bands and intracranially stimulating both regions simultaneously in participants undergoing invasive monitoring. We found that in-phase stimulation resulted in improvement in performance compared to sham stimulation. In contrast, anti-phase stimulation did not affect performance. In-phase stimulation resulted in decreased phase lag between regions within working memory network while anti-phase stimulation resulted in increased phase lag suggesting that shorter phase lag in oscillatory connectivity may lead to better performance. The results support the idea that phase lag may play a key role in information transmission across brain regions. More broadly, brain stimulation strategies that aim to improve cognition may be better served targeting multiple nodes of brain networks.
The projected economic and health burden of uncontrolled asthma in the United States
Authors: Yaghoubi Mohsen , Adibi Amin , Safari Abdollah , FitzGerald J Mark , Sadatsafavi Mohsen ,   for the Canadian Respiratory Research Network
Published: January 2019

AbstractRationaleDespite effective treatments, a large proportion of asthma patients do not achieve sustained asthma control. The ‘preventable’ burden associated with lack of proper control is likely taking a high toll at the population level.ObjectiveWe predicted the future health and economic burden of uncontrolled asthma among American adults for the next 20 years.MethodsWe built a probabilistic model that linked state-specific estimates of population growth, asthma prevalence rates, and distribution of asthma control levels. We conducted several meta-analyses to estimate the adjusted differences in healthcare resource use, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and productivity loss across control levels. We projected, nationally and at the state-level, total direct and indirect costs (in 2018 USD) and QALYs lost due to uncontrolled asthma from 2019 to 2038 in the United States.Measurements and Main ResultsOver the next 20 years, the total undiscounted direct costs associated with suboptimal asthma control will be $300.6 billion (95% confidence interval [CI] $190.1 – $411.1). When indirect costs are added, total economic burden will be $963.5 billion (95%CI $664.1 – $1,262.9). American adolescents and adults will lose 15.46 million (95%CI 12.77 million – 18.14 million) QALYs over this period due to suboptimal control of asthma. In state-level analysis, the average 20-year per-capita costs due to uncontrolled asthma ranged from $2,209 (Arkansas) to $6,132 (Connecticut).ConclusionThe burden of uncontrolled asthma will continue to grow for the next twenty years. Strategies towards better management of asthma may be associated with substantial return on investment.
How to test for phasic modulation of neural and behavioural responses
Authors: Zoefel Benedikt , Davis Matthew H , Valente Giancarlo , Riecke Lars 
Published: January 2019

AbstractResearch on whether perception or other processes depend on the phase of neural oscillations is rapidly gaining popularity. However, it is unknown which methods are optimally suited to evaluate the hypothesized phase effect. Using a simulation approach, we here test the ability of different methods to detect such an effect on dichotomous (e.g., “hit” vs “miss”) and continuous (e.g., scalp potentials) response variables. We manipulated parameters that characterise the phase effect or define the experimental approach to test for this effect. For each parameter combination and response variable, we identified an optimal method. We found that methods regressing single-trial responses on circular (sine and cosine) predictors perform best for all of the simulated parameters, regardless of the nature of the response variable (dichotomous or continuous). In sum, our study lays a foundation for optimized experimental designs and analyses in future studies investigating the role of phase for neural and behavioural responses. We provide MATLAB code for the statistical methods tested.
Tumor mutational landscape is a record of the pre-malignant state
Authors: Kübler Kirsten , Karlić Rosa , Haradhvala Nicholas J. , Ha Kyungsik , Kim Jaegil , Kuzman Maja , Jiao Wei , Gakkhar Sitanshu , Mouw Kent W. , Braunstein Lior Z. , Elemento Olivier , Biankin Andrew V. , Rooman Ilse , Miller Mendy , Karthaus Wouter R. , Nogiec Christopher D. , Juvenson Edouard , Curry Edward , Kenudson Mari Mino- , Ellisen Leif W. , Brown Robert , Gusev Alexander , Tomasetti Cristian , Lolkema Martijn P. , Steeghs Neeltje , van Herpen Carla , Kim Hong-Gee , Lee Hwajin , Vlahoviček Kristian , Bernstein Bradley E. , Sawyers Charles L. , Hoadley Katherine A. , Cuppen Edwin , Koren Amnon , Arndt Peter F. , Louis David N. , Stein Lincoln D. , Foulkes William D. , Polak Paz , Getz Gad ,   on behalf of the PCAWG Pathology and Clinical Correlates Working Group, and the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Network
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTChromatin structure has a major influence on the cell-specific density of somatic mutations along the cancer genome. Here, we present a pan-cancer study in which we searched for the putative cancer cell-of-origin of 2,550 whole genomes, representing 32 cancer types by matching their mutational landscape to the regional patterns of chromatin modifications ascertained in 104 normal tissue types. We found that, in almost all cancer types, the cell-of-origin can be predicted solely from their DNA sequences. Our analysis validated the hypothesis that high-grade serous ovarian cancer originates in the fallopian tube and identified distinct origins of breast cancer subtypes. We also demonstrated that the technique is equally capable of identifying the cell-of-origin for a series of 2,044 metastatic samples from 22 of the tumor types available as primaries. Moreover, cancer drivers, whether inherited or acquired, reside in active chromatin regions in the respective cell-of-origin. Taken together, our findings highlight that many somatic mutations accumulate while the chromatin structure of the cell-of-origin is maintained and that this historical record, captured in the DNA, can be used to identify the often elusive cancer cell-of-origin.