bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microneedle‐Mediated Vaccine Delivery to the Oral Mucosa
Authors: Creighton Rachel L. , Woodrow Kim A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe oral mucosa is a minimally invasive and immunologically rich site that is underutilized for vaccination due to physiological and immunological barriers. To develop effective oral mucosal vaccines, key questions regarding vaccine residence time, uptake, adjuvant formulation, dose, and delivery location must be answered. However, currently available dosage forms are insufficient to address all these questions. An ideal oral mucosal vaccine delivery system would improve both residence time and epithelial permeation while enabling efficient delivery of physicochemically diverse vaccine formulations. Microneedles have demonstrated these capabilities for dermal vaccine delivery. Additionally, microneedles enable precise control over delivery properties like depth, uniformity, and dosing, making them an ideal tool to study oral mucosal vaccination. Select studies have demonstrated the feasibility of microneedle‐mediated oral mucosal vaccination, but they have only begun to explore the broad functionality of microneedles. This review describes the physiological and immunological challenges related to oral mucosal vaccine delivery and provides specific examples of how microneedles can be used to address these challenges. It summarizes and compares the few existing oral mucosal microneedle vaccine studies and offers a perspective for the future of the field.
Device Fabrication Based on Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition (oCVD) Synthesis of Conducting Polymers and Related Conjugated Organic Materials
Authors: Heydari Gharahcheshmeh Meysam , Gleason Karen K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractConducting polymers (CPs) combine electronic conductivity, optical transparency, and mechanical flexibility compatible with lightweight substrates. Due to these features CPs exhibit promising performance for a wide range of applications including electronic, optoelectronic, electrochemical, optochemical, and energy storage and harvesting devices. Fabrication of high‐quality CPs thin film in a large scale is of high demand in multiple industrial sectors. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising approach for scale‐up and commercialization of CPs in large‐scale thin film applications by a roll‐to‐roll process. The CVD technique is a versatile deposition technique for fabricating CPs due to its unique combination of characteristics, including formation of conformal coatings, processing at low temperatures, solvent‐free synthesis, uniformity of growth, mechanical flexible films, industrial scale‐up, and substrate‐independence. This review focuses primarily on the oxidative CVD technique for the fabrication of CPs and related conjugated polymers by emphasizing on their applications in devices.
Direct 3D Printing of Graphene Nanoplatelet/Silver Nanoparticle‐Based Nanocomposites for Multiaxial Piezoresistive Sensor Applications
Authors: Kwon Sung‐Nam , Kim Seung‐Woo , Kim Il‐Gu , Hong Young Kyu , Na Seok‐In 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAs a new area of biological integration systems ranging from fitness to costume, arable electronic devices are extensively investigated and recently focused on the development of customized and highly interactive devices with human‐friendly factors. Here, a facile method of integrating a three‐dimensional printing (3DP) with stretchable and conductive nanocomposite materials to form a multiaxial piezoresistive sensor that can detect human motion is presented. The multiaxial piezoresistive sensors are fabricated through direct 3DP of nanocomposites based on graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and polyurethane. The sensor can detect not only compression, but also tensile strain upto more than 160%. Based on the synergy between GNPs and AgNPs, the sensor shows high sensitivity with a gauge factor of 48.2, which is a much higher value considering that most of the previously reported stretchable strain sensors are less than 35. In addition to the high sensitivity, the GNPs/AgNPs nanocomposite sensor exhibits a fast response time and excellent stability over 500 cycles. When the sensor is integrated into an LED light system, it functions as an interactive device that can control the intensity of light by detecting various human motions such as the bending of fingers.
An Optical pH Sensor Based on Diazaoxatriangulenium and Isopropyl‐Bridged Diazatriangulenium Covalently Bound in a Composite Sol–Gel
Authors: Sørensen Thomas Just , Rosenberg Martin , Frankær Christian G. , Laursen Bo W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOptical pH sensing is still in its infancy due to lack of highly stable pH responsive dyes. The triangulenium fluorophores show remarkable photostability and have been demonstrated as the responsive dye in an intensity based ratiometric optical pH sensor using a fiber optical sensor hardware. Here, an optical pH sensor is reported where both the responsive dye and the reference dye are from the triangulenium family using free form optics for the hardware platform. A full spectrometer‐based sensor system consisting of sensor chemistry, hardware, and software is presented.
The link between selfing and greater dispersibility in a heterocarpic Asteraceae
Authors: Berjano Regina , Rodríguez‐Castañeda Nancy L. , Ortiz Pedro L. , Ortiz María A. , Arista Montserrat 
Published: December 2018

Premise of the StudyAlthough an evolutionary link between breeding system and dispersibility has been proposed, to date empirical data and theoretical models of plants show contrasting trends.MethodsWe tested two competing hypotheses for the association between breeding systems and dispersibility in the heterocarpicHypochaeris salzmanniana(Asteraceae) by using both an experimental approach and surveys over 2 years of five natural populations along an environmental cline with a gradient of pollinator availability.Key ResultsHypochaeris salzmannianaproduced two types of fruits, beaked (BF) and nonbeaked (NBF), which differ in their dispersal ability. TheBFwere lighter and had a lower dropping velocity and higher dispersal distance than theNBF. Potential for long‐distance dispersal, measured asBFratio per head, had high narrow‐sense heritability. Greater dispersibility and selfing ability were linked at all the scales studied. Both selfedBFandNBFfruits had longer plumes and lower plume loading than outcrossed fruits, characteristics that promote farther dispersal. Natural populations with a higher percentage of self‐compatible plants showed a higherBFratio. Moreover, selfing led to a higherBFratio than outcrossing.ConclusionsThe avoidance of inbreeding depression seems to be the most plausible selective pressure for the greater dispersibility traits of selfed seeds. Furthermore, the ability to modulate theBFratio and thus the potential for long‐distance dispersal of offspring based on its selfed or outcrossed origin could be advantageous, and therefore selected, under unpredictable pollination environments that favor higher dispersive selfers, which overcome both pollen limitation and inbreeding avoidance.
Interpenetration Isomerism in Triptycene‐Based Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Penghao , Li Peng , Ryder Matthew R. , Liu Zhichang , Stern Charlotte L. , Farha Omar K. , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe describe an example of “interpenetration isomerism” in three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks. By exploiting the crystallization conditions for a peripherally extended triptycene H6PET, we can modulate the interpenetration of the assembled frameworks, yielding a two‐fold interpenetrated structure PETHOF‐1 and a five‐fold interpenetrated structure PETHOF‐2 as interpenetration isomers. In PETHOF‐1, two individual nets are related by inversion symmetry and form an interwoven topology with a large guest‐accessible volume of about 80 %. In PETHOF‐2, five individual nets are related by translational symmetry and are stacked in an alternating fashion. The activated materials show permanent porosity with Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface areas exceeding 1100 m2 g−1. Synthetic control over the framework interpenetration could serve as a new strategy to construct complex supramolecular architectures from simple organic building blocks.
Reversible Optical Writing and Data Storage in an Anthracene‐Loaded Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Tu Min , Reinsch Helge , Rodríguez‐Hermida Sabina , Verbeke Rhea , Stassin Timothée , Egger Werner , Dickmann Marcel , Dieu Bjorn , Hofkens Johan , Vankelecom Ivo F. J. , Stock Norbert , Ameloot Rob 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) enable the design of host–guest systems with specific properties. In this work, we show how the confinement of anthracene in a well‐chosen MOF host leads to reversible yellow‐to‐purple photoswitching of the fluorescence emission. This behavior has not been observed before for anthracene, either in pure form or adsorbed in other porous hosts. The photoresponse of the host–guest system is caused by the photodimerization of anthracene, which is greatly facilitated by the pore geometry, connectivity, and volume as well as the structural flexibility of the MOF host. The photoswitching behavior was used to fabricate photopatternable and erasable surfaces that, in combination with data encryption and decryption, hold promise in product authentication and secure communication applications.
There and Back Again—The Journey of LiNiO2 as a Cathode Active Material
Authors: Bianchini Matteo , Roca‐Ayats Maria , Hartmann Pascal , Brezesinski Torsten , Janek Jürgen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis Review provides a comprehensive overview of LiNiO2 (LNO), almost 30 years after its introduction as a cathode active material. We aim to highlight the physicochemical peculiarities that make LNO a complex material in every aspect. We specifically stress the effect of the Li off‐stoichiometry (Li1−zNi1+zO2) on every property of LNO, especially the electrochemical ones. The key instability issues that plague the compound and the strategies that have been implemented so far to overcome them are discussed in detail. Finally, the open questions that remain to be addressed by the scientific community are summarized, and the research directions that seem the most promising to enable LNO to be fully exploited are elucidated.
Stereoinversion of Unactivated Alcohols by Tethered Sulfonamides
Authors: Marcyk Paul T. , Jefferies Latisha R. , AbuSalim Deyaa I. , Pink Maren , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Cook Silas P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe direct, catalytic substitution of unactivated alcohols remains an undeveloped area of organic synthesis. Moreover, catalytic activation of this difficult electrophile with predictable stereo‐outcomes presents an even more formidable challenge. Described herein is a simple iron‐based catalyst system which provides the mild, direct conversion of secondary and tertiary alcohols to sulfonamides. Starting from enantioenriched alcohols, the intramolecular variant proceeds with stereoinversion to produce enantioenriched 2‐ and 2,2‐subsituted pyrrolidines and indolines, without prior derivatization of the alcohol or solvolytic conditions.
Extreme Adaptation in Caves
Authors: Soares Daphne , Niemiller Matthew L. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTCave adaptation leads to unique anatomical specializations in many taxonomic groups. As the role of vision is reduced or disappears in a subterranean environment, other specializations arise to allow the organism to successfully detect and interact with their environment. A suite of unique, convergent phenotypes associated with subterranean adaptation has emerged (termed troglomorphy), with reduction or loss of pigmentation and eyes being the most conspicuous. Two vertebrate groups that have successfully colonized and adapted to subterranean environments are cavefishes and cave salamanders. There are many shared troglomorphic anatomical characters shared between these two groups, and we describe herein the morphological traits that are unique to fishes and salamanders that are adapted to caves and other subterranean habitats. Troglobionts, animals strictly bound and adapted to underground habitats, are outcomes of not just regressive evolution, but also constructive adaptation. There are skeletal changes, such as broadening and flattening of the head, as well as hypertrophy of non‐visual modalities. Cavefishes and salamanders have lost eyes and pigmentation, but also enhanced mechanosenzation, chemosenzation and, in some cases, electroreception. Both cavefishes and cave salamanders have become important models in the study of the ecology, behavior, and evolution of subterranean colonization and adaptation. However, our knowledge is primarily limited to a few taxa and many questions remain to be studied. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy.
Functional capabilities of probiotic strains on attenuation of intestinal epithelial cell inflammatory response induced by TLR4 stimuli
Authors: Kanmani Paulraj , Kim Hojun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntestinal epithelial cells (IECs) respond to intruders and their cellular molecules by displaying inflammatory state that can be abrogated by probiotics. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial activity of probiotic strains have yet to be elucidated. This study was conducted to investigate whether probiotic strains have immunoregulatory effects in IECs, and how they respond to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Caco2 cells were stimulated with LABs and followed by LPS. The expression of different cytokines that involved in toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling was analyzed. Caco2 cells that were exposed to LPS showed upregulated expression of IL‐6, CXCL8, CCL2, and BPI that were counteracted by LAB strains through the modulation of TLR negative regulators (A20, Tollip, SIGIRR, and IRAKM), p38 MAPK and p65 NF‐κB signaling. Lactobacillus plantarum, L. farciminis, and L. pentosus unveiled better activity as compared to other strains. Moreover, LAB strains were the potent inducers of immunoregulatory cytokines in coculture system. The expression of IL‐10 and TGF‐β were found to be higher as compared with LPS. Conversely, TNF‐α at the protein level was dampened by LAB strains in both the apical and basolateral compartments. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the selected LAB strains exert profound immunoregulatory effects in response to LPS on IECs; however, further studies in vivo and in clinical settings are important to corroborate these effects. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):223–235, 2019
The interaction between institutional and stakeholder pressures: Advancing a framework for categorising carbon disclosure strategies
Authors: Herold David M. , Farr‐Wharton Ben , Lee Ki‐Hoon , Groschopf Wolfram 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMultiple institutional and stakeholder demands have led to different strategies in the measurement and disclosure of carbon‐related information. Although scholars acknowledge the prevalence of competing institutional logics as being a driver of different outcomes, existing research offers conflicting views on their implications, thus lacking clarity. In response, this paper proposes two frameworks (a) to clarify the institutional and stakeholder influences on carbon disclosure and (b) to depict four different types of carbon disclosure strategies to assess a company's “true” carbon position. We identify various concepts of institutional fields, organisations, and stakeholders that influence disclosure and combine the two critical concepts of logic centrality and stakeholder salience to categorise the multiple institutional and stakeholder pressures on carbon disclosure. Whereas the first framework proposes that institutional theory and stakeholder theory both provide, on different levels, a theoretical foundation to examine the influences on carbon disclosure, the second model categorises carbon disclosure outcomes in terms of logic centrality and stakeholder salience. Both frameworks advance the understanding of the interaction between firm‐level agency and field‐level pressures and synthesise the current literature to offer conceptual clarity regarding the varied implications and outcomes linked to carbon disclosure practices and strategies.
Barriers to sustainability for small and medium enterprises in the framework of sustainable development—Literature review
Authors: Álvarez Jaramillo Juanita , Zartha Sossa Jhon Wilder , Orozco Mendoza Gina Lía 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe objective of this article is to analyze the barriers faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) when implementing initiatives for sustainable development. For this purpose, a search equation was designed, and the 50 highest cited articles from the search results in Scopus between years 2013 and 2017 were reviewed. The selected criteria for the article analysis were article name, article year, country, continent, journal, Scimago Journal Rank, Scimago Quartiles, Affiliated Universities, abstract, and keywords. Among the main results, 175 barriers to sustainability for SMEs were identified. The barriers that appeared most frequently were lack of resources, the high initial capital cost of implementing sustainability measures, and lack of expertise. At the end of the article, a proposal is included which shows the 175 identified barriers, classified by “sector,” “sustainability tool,” and “internal/external” which can aid in new qualitative and quantitative studies of barriers to sustainability in SMEs.
Covalent vs. Non‐Covalent Inhibition: Tackling Drug Resistance in EGFR – A Thorough Dynamic Perspective
Authors: Akher Farideh Badichi , Farrokhzadeh Abdolkarim , Soliman Mahmoud E. S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA persistent challenge in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR is the emergence of drug‐resistant caused by somatic mutations. The EGFR L858R/T790 M double mutant (EGFRDM) was found to be the most alarming variant. Despite the development of a wide range of inhibitors, none of them could inhibit EGFRDMeffectively. Recently,11hand45a, have been found to be potent inhibitors against EGFRDMthrough two distinctive mechanisms, non‐covalent and covalent binding, respectively. However, the structural and dynamic implications of the two modes of inhibitions remain unexplored. Herein, two molecular dynamics simulation protocols, coupled with free‐energy calculations, were applied to gain insight into the atomistic nature of each binding mode. The comparative analysis confirmed that there is a significant difference in the binding free energy between11hand45a(ΔΔGbind=−21.17 kcal/mol). The main binding force that governs the binding of both inhibitors is vdW, with a higher contribution for45a. Two residues ARG841 and THR854 were found to have curtailed role in the binding of45ato EGFRDMby stabilizing its flexible alcohol chain. The45abinding to EGFRDMinduces structural rearrangement in the active site to allow easier accessibility of45ato target residue CYS797. The findings of this work can substantially shed light on new strategies for developing novel classes of covalent and non‐covalent inhibitors with increased specificity and potency.
Down‐regulation of lncRNA OGFRP1 induces autophagy and growth inhibition by AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in HCAECs
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Liu Jing , Gu Yufeng , Sun Chengming , Qu Fuzheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play important roles in nearly all biological processes. However, the functions of the majority of LncRNAs are not fully clear. Here we evaluated the function of lncRNA OGFRP1, which has not been previously annotated, in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). First, we knocked down lncRNA OGFRP1 in HCAECs by using siRNA transfection. qRT‐PCR results indicated that siRNA1 and siRNA3 both had potent interference efficiencies. Next, by using CCK8 assay and clone formation assay, we found that siRNA3 transfection induced growth inhibition in HCAECs. Cell migration and invasion were also found to be inhibited in OGFRP1 silenced cells. Moreover, siRNA1 transfection further verified the inhibitory effects of lncRNA OGFRP1 knockdown on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCAECs. Flow cytometry detection demonstrated that OGFRP1 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blot assay indicated that p70S6K and CyclinD1 were down‐regulated by knockdown of OGFRP1. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway was activated in lncRNA OGFRP1 silenced cells, including increased Bax and Active‐caspase 3 and decreased Bcl2. The expression of autophagy markers LC3 and Beclin1 was increased and p62 decreased, all of which indicated that cell autophagy was promoted by down‐regulation of lncRNA OGFRP1. Mechanistic studies showed that lncRNA OGFRP1 inhibited the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, including increasing phosphorylation level of AKT, mTOR and GSK3β. In conclusion, we find that down‐regulation of lncRNA induces autophagy and inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion by AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in HCAECs.
Distal radial access for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Corcos Thierry 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSince its introduction by Lucien Campeau three decades ago, percutaneous radial artery approach at the forearm has been shown to provide advantages over the femoral approach and has become the standard approach for coronary angiography and intervention. Though infrequent, vascular complications still remain, mainly radial artery occlusion.Therefore, a more distal radial approach at the snuffbox or at the dorsum of hand has been suggested, initially by anethesiologists for perioperative patient monitoring, and more recently by Babunashvili et al. for retrograde radial artery recanalization of radial artery occlusion and then for coronary angiography and intervention. This distal radial approach has been advocated to reduce the risk of radial artery occlusion at the forearm (which precludes reintervention through the same access site) and bleeding and vascular access site complications, as well as to improve operator and patient comfort, especially when using left radial approach. This review describes in detail the anatomy of the radial artery at the wrist and the hand, the history of distal radial access, the rationale underlying use of this technique, the results published by experienced operators, the technique, the limitations, and potential role of this approach. This journey from the very proximal to the very distal part of the radial artery was indeed initiated and conceptualized by Lucien Campeau himself.
Tuning Nitrogen Content in Carbon Nitride by Isonicotinic Acid for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhuge Gui‐Ying , Zhang Wei‐De 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (CN) with various nitrogen contents can be prepared to regulate its electronic structure and energy band levels. The newly‐prepared graphitic carbon nitride manifests high photocatalytic activity. In this work, nitrogen‐rich CN (CN‐NR100) and nitrogen‐deficient CN (CN‐ND500) were prepared by tuning nitrogen contents in CN while using isonicotinic acid (IA) as an additive in the precursors. It is found that IA reacting with urea can introduce its nitrogen to CN, while reacting with CN can take away the amino group of CN, thus reduces its nitrogen content. Interestingly, the gas that comes from the decomposition of IA is essential for the formation of porous morphology in CN. Both CN‐NR100 and CN‐ND500 can provide more photocatalytic sites, narrow bandgaps to enhance the absorption of visible light and significantly improve the charge carrier separation efficiency. Therefore, CN‐NR100 and CN‐ND500 manifest an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 73 μmol h−1 (about 4 times of that of CN) and 120 μmol h−1 (6.7 times of that of CN), respectively. This work provides an efficient strategy to prepare CN with different nitrogen contents by pyrolysis of precursors modified by IA for high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.