bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
СМЕШАННЫЕ КРИСТАЛЛЫ БЕТУЛИНА С ДИКАРБОНОВЫМИ КИСЛОТАМИ: ТВЕРДОФАЗНЫЙ СИНТЕЗ И ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА
Authors: Т.П. ШАХТШНЕЙДЕР , С.А. МЫЗЬ , М.А. МИХАЙЛЕНКО , С.А. КУЗНЕЦОВА 
Published: November 2024

Смешанные кристаллы бетулина с дикарбоновыми кислотами получены с помощью механохимической активации при добавлении небольших количеств органических растворителей. Образование смешанных кристаллов подтверждено методами рентгенофазового анализа, термического анализа, ИК-спектроскопии. Для образования смешанных кристаллов важны присутствие растворителя, оптимальное соотношение компонентов, продолжительность механической обработки. С целью обоснования выбора растворителя для приготовления смешанных кристаллов бетулина проведено сравнение растворителей различной полярности. Показано, что смешанные кристаллы образуются, если при механической обработке используются растворители, способные эффективно растворять дикарбоновую кислоту. Для сравнения с механохимическим методом смешанные кристаллы бетулина были получены при нагревании смеси исходных реагентов. Наблюдаемые с помощью сканирующей электронной микроскопии морфологические изменения при нагревании реакционных смесей также свидетельствуют об образовании смешанных кристаллов. Показано, что при растворении смешанных кристаллов в воде образуются растворы с повышенной концентрацией бетулина, причем увеличение длины алифатической цепи кислоты приводит к снижению скорости выделения бетулина в раствор.
Cocrystals of betulin with dicarboxylic acids were obtained using mechanochemical treatment with the addition of small amounts of organic solvents. The formation of cocrystals was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and IR spectroscopy methods. The presence of a solvent, the optimal components ratio, and the duration of mechanical processing are important for the formation of cocrystals. In order to choose a solvent for preparing betulin cocrystals, the solvents of different polarity were compared. It has been shown that cocrystals are formed if solvents that can effectively dissolve dicarboxylic acid are used during mechanical processing. For comparison with the mechanochemical method, betulin cocrystals were obtained by heating a mixture of starting reagents. Morphological changes observed by scanning electron microscopy upon heating the reaction mixtures also indicate the formation of cocrystals. It has been shown that when cocrystals are dissolved in water, solutions with an increased concentration of betulin are formed, and an increase in the length of the aliphatic chain of the acid leads to a decrease in the rate of betulin release into the solution.
Coding for Pediatrics 2025
Authors:   AAP Committee on Coding and Nomenclature
Published: November 2024

The 30th edition is based on the 2025 Current Procedural Terminology code changes with guidelines for their application. This edition introduces a range of new codes and guidelines, including new chapter addressing telemedicine code changes, immunization coding updates, addition of codes for reporting contraception services, and update to coding for skin substitute grafts. Available for purchase at https://aap.org/Coding-for-Pediatrics-2025-30th-Edition-Paperback
Access to this ebook also includes access to an exclusive supplementary materials site located at aap.org/cfp2025
Additional Microfossils from the Umaria Marine Bed, Central India
Authors: Bhatia S. B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper records some additional microfossils from the well-known Umaria marine bed. These include Nodosinella sp. and a new species-Healdia umariensis. Minute gastropods considered to be juvenile forms of Pleurotomaria umariensis Reed are also recorded.
Quartz-Dolerite Dykes from Shirahatti Area, Dharwar District, Mysore State
Authors: Narasimha Murthy C. , Naganna C. , Sadashivaiah M. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The quartz-dolerite dykes occurring in the Shirahatti area have been chemically analysed and a detailed petrological and mineralogical investigation has been made. The mineralogical investigation of the feldspars and pyroxenes has been done on the 4-axes Universal stage after the methods of Reinhard, Burri, Hess, Nemato, Turner, and others. The nature of the feldspars and the twin laws confirm the views of Gorai. The optical study of the pyroxene reveals the presence of enstatite, pigeonite and sub-calcic augite. The petrochemical. investigation indicates that the basic magma which has given rise to these dolerites had undergone fractional crystallization resulting in the enrichment of acidic residuum and volatiles. The deuteric and hydrothermal alterations seen in the dolerite dykes are due to the action of volatiles in the final stages of the consolidation of the basic magma.
Piania Niniyurensis, A New Dasycladaceous Alga from The Niniyur Group (Danian) of the Trichinopoly Cretaceous, South India
Authors: Sambe Gowda S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper deals with a new Dasycladaceous alga noticed in the cherts belonging to the Niniyur group (Danian) of the South Indian Cretaceous. The fossil has been described from a study of thin sections; and from a comparison with other known genera like Physoporella, Gyroporella, Uragiella, Morclletpora and Indopolia, the present form is shown to be a new member of the tribe Diploporeae, of the family Dasycladaceae. This new form has been named Piania Niniyurensis.
Smaller Foraminifera from the Subathu Beds (Eocene) Near Dharampur, Simla Hills
Authors: Mandwal N. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Twenty-one species and varieties of smaller Foraminifera are recorded and illustrated for the first time from the Assilina granulosa band of the Subathu (Laki-Eocene) beds from Dharampur, Simla Hills.
The Significance of Clouded Plagioclase in the Basic Dykes of Mysore State, India
Authors: Pichamuthu C. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A preliminary account is given in this paper of the results of a statistical study made in Mysore State on the distribution of about 500 basic dykes, with special reference to the occurrence in them of clouded plagioclase feldspars.
The basic dykes are of different geological ages and of various petrographic types. They are distributed all over the State in a fairly uniform manner.
Attention is drawn to the important fact that the clouded dykes are concentrated in the southern half of Mysore State, and that they occur not only in the charnockite region but in a zone adjoining it. Two kinds of charnockites have been recognized in Mysore: an older gneissic type caused by an earlier regional metamorphism, and a younger granitic variety produced by subsequent palingenetic fusion. The two metamorphisms which were responsible for these differing types of charnockites are separated by the period during which the basic dykes were intruded.
Clouding of plagioclase feldspars can be caused by thermal metamorphism. In Mysore, the basic dykes have chilled against the first type of charnockites and transect the foliation of the country rocks. They are consequently younger in age. It is suggested that the later formed charnockites were responsible for the subsequent clouding of the plagioclase in those dykes.
Clouded feldspars in the basic dykes are, therefore, of great significance in recording the metamorphic history of some aspects of Precambrian geology in Mysore State.
Deccan Traps and Associated Rocks of the Bassein Area
Authors: Sukheswala R. N. , Sethna S. F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The area of Bassein lies 30 miles north of Bombay. Within a compass of about 150 square miles the rocks encountered here are basalt flows and dykes, dolerite dykes, diorites, thin veins of aplite, a single dyke of camptonite and pyroclasts.
An explanation is offered for the origin of felsic rocks of differing composition. It is suggested that the initial rhyolitic magma is not a product of differentiation of Deccan basalt but originated as a result of partial fusion of the sialic crust during long continued ascent and outpouring of vast volume of basalt lavas.
Rocks of dioritic composition are described, and it has been shown that the diorite and its associates like meladiorite. leucodiorite, granophyre, andesite. etc., are the result of contamination of rhyolite magma with the country rock dolerite. In support of this, chemical, microscopic and field evidences are cited. Thin stringers of aplite are considered to be the residual liquid product of the contaminated rhyolite magma.
Detailed optical investigations on the pyroxenes and feldspars of basalts and dolerites are carried out. While pyroxene is mainly augite, pigeonite and/or orthopyroxene are conspicuous by their absence. Important minerals of various other rock types are also described.
On Some Early Dyke-Like Bodies in the Tonigala Granite, Ceylon
Authors: Cooray P. G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Several dyke-like bodies of uniform width (called "purple dykes" in the field) are found within the Tonigala Granite in north-west Ceylon. These are shown to be true dykes and comparable in some respects to the "relict dykes" of the Cornucopia and the Vancouver regions (Goodspeed, 1955; Roddick and Armstrong, 1959) and to the "early dykes" in the Main Donegal Granite (Pitcher and Read, 1960). The complex relations of the purple dykes to such elements in the Tonigala Granite as pegmatites, granitic veinlets, and biotite-rich foliae indicate that the dykes were intruded early in the history of the granite, after tensional stresses had been set up and during a long period of pegmatisation. Little evidence is however available to show the original composition and the actual mode of emplacement of the dykes. Petrographical and petrochemical similarities between the dyke rock and the surrounding granite suggest that the dykes underwent the same metasomatic changes viz. granitisation, as affected the granite in the later stages of its history.
Coccolithophorids and Related Nannoplanktons from the Cretaceous-Tertiary Sequence of Khasi Hills, Assam
Authors: Narasimhan T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper reports for the first time the occurrence in India of fossil Coccolithophores and related nannoplanktons from the Cretaceous-Tertiary sequence of Assam. This study has been undertaken to see whether the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary can be established on the basis of this group of microfossils, and whether or not the same can be applied successfully for delimiting biostratigraphic zones. A short account of the method of preparation and study, taxonomy and systematic descriptions of the forms studied with their synonymies is given. One new species (?) Coccolithus reticulatus and following forms, Coccolithus grandis, Coccolithites sp. Braarudosphaera bigelowi, Marthasteritts tribrachiatus, M jurcatus, M. inconspicuus, and Lucianorhabdus cayeuxi are reported.
Dykes of 'Porphyry' Rocks within the Singhbhum Granite around Rairangpur, District Mayurbhanj, Orissa
Authors: Raha Pulak K. , Saha Ajit K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Several dykes of 'porphyry' rock and of Newer dolerite occur as intrusives into the Singhbhum granite around Rairangpur in Mayurbhanj District. The 'porphyry' rock contains large xenoliths of vein quartz and granitic rocks in a fine to medium grained aggregate of granophyric intergrowth. plagioclase and quartz together with some amphibole, pyroxene, epidote, chlorite and iron-ore; in places, the xenoliths show preferred orientation indicating direction of movement of the magma. The 'porphyry' dykes and the Newer dolerite dykes have similar trends and they intersect mutually. A four-mile long dyke of porphyry rock shows transition to dolerite in places along its length; this is considered to be the result of injection of 'porphyry' magma along the continuation of a Newer dolerite dyke .
It is suggested that the Newer dolerite magma locally differentiated at depth forming two fractions-one doleritic and the other syeno-dioritic, which were emplaced simultaneously or alternately. The abundance of xenoliths of granite and vein quartz in the 'porphyry' dykes is considered to be due to shattering of the granitic walls during the uprise of the syenodioritic magma which produced these dykes.
The 'Dharwar System' and its Position in the Indian Precambrian
Authors: Pichamuthu C. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bruce Foote gave the name 'Dharwar System' to the 'Lower Transition' rocks occurring near Dharwar in Mysore State, when he first separated these schistose rocks from the 'great granitoid gneiss system'.
It was Fermor, however, who generalized the term and commended its use for designating all the sedimentary schists lying below the Eparchaean unconformity. Lithological resemblances constituted an important factor in the correlation of these ancient schistose formations, and for the identification of 'Dharwar' rocks in many parts of India. The occurrences in widely separated areas, of crystalline limestones, manganese-bearing rocks, banded ferruginous quartzites and iron ores, and even calc-granulites and pyroxene gneisses, have been used as criteria not only for assigning certain formations to the Dharwars, but also as indicating the homotaxial relationship of these formations scattered in different parts of India. By doing so, the stratigraphical importance of certain types of rocks have been exaggerated, in the unfounded belief that some types of sediments were formed only at certain specific periods in the geological history of the earth.
Recent work has shown that Peninsular India like other shield areas of the world, exhibits an ingrained pattern of successive orogenic belts. Age determinations and the dispositions of the tectonic units of the Precambrian formations, indicate that the oldest rocks are found In Mysore State in southern India, which is the type area for the Dharwars (c. 2300 m.y.). This region possesses several important characteristics of a continental nucleus, and is bounded on the east by the Eastern Ghats province (c. 1600 m.y.), and on the north by the Satpura province (c. 1000 m.y.). These provinces must be considered as later Precambrian accretions composed of younger sediments with their own orogenic cycles, and so the real Dharwars are older than both the Eastern Ghats and Satpura belts.
It is necessary, therefore, to discontinue the use of the term 'Dharwar' to designate the schistose rocks outside the type area, because all these un fossiliferous deposits cannot be considered as synchronous or even homotaxial, since some of the lithologically similar rocks are known now to be associated with younger orogenic cycles.
The term 'Dharwar System' should be strictly confined to the schistose rocks of the type area in the continental nucleus situated in South India.
Preliminary Results of the Study of Porphyroblasts from Sakoli Metamorphites, Bhandara District
Authors: Sengupta Amaljyoti 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Porphyroblasts from Sakoli Series, Bhandara Dist. have been studied with a view to get a better insight into Sakoli metamorphism. Importance of the study of porphyroblasts for proper understanding of the metamorphic and tectonic end results has been discussed. Some hypothetical end results with probable conclusions are described and discussed in outline. Porphyrohlasts developed at different stages in the Sakoli metamorphites. The first phase of folding was associated with crystallisation of micas and quartz controlled by Wegsamkeit. The development of kyanite probably predated the second period of folding after which garnet and staurolite appeared, and finally biotite at the closing stage of metamorphism. Coarsening of fabric started only after the second phase of folding. Crystallisation at this stage took place under stress-free, static conditions.
The Jodhpur-Malani Divide Separating the Barmer and Jaisalmer Basins
Authors: Siddiquie H. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A comparative study of ,the Ba,rmer and the adjacent Jaisalmer basins brings out striking differences in the stratigraphy, palaeontology and heavy mineral suites of the sediments.
Sedimentation in the Jaisalmer basin started with the deposition of the PermoCarboniferous tiliites and continued with breaks through (?) Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Eocene. The total computed thickness of sediments appears to be more than 7000 feet in the centre of the basin; and there are evidences of a thickening northwestwards.
Sedimentation in the Barmer basin started with the Lathi formation (? Triassic); and after a major break during the Jurassic, continued intermittently from Cretaceous through Eocene to the Late Tertiary. The total thickness of the sediments in the Barmer basin is only of the order of 1500 feet, very much less than in the Jaisalmer basin.
The Jaisalmer sediments were deposited on a platform dominantly under marine conditions. On the other hand, the Barmer sediments were deposited in a narrow embayment under changing conditions, viz., fresh, marine or brackish water. Throughout the entire sedimentary column the Jaisalmer sediments are characterised by the presence of staurolite, garnet, and kyanite. Staurolite is markedly absent in the Barmer basin sediments which have hornblende, garnet and kyanite.
Subsurface and surface geological data show that the two basins were separated by a ridge formed by the Malani Igneous suite and Vindhyan sediments. The ridge acted as a barrier preventing the intermigration of the fauna, and also as a watershed separating the two distinct provenances of the Barmer and Jaisalmer basins.
Some Geological Data on Atomic Energy Minerals in India
Authors: Dar K. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A brief account of the Indian Atomic Energy mineral occurrences with their genetic classification is presented in this paper.
Syngenetic radioactive minerals in small quantities occur in several pre-Cambrian granites and pegmatites, and in some syenites. Many pegmatites are an important source of beryl and to a lesser extent of lepidolite, only some carrying small pockets of radioactive minerals. High-intensity as well as low-temperature hydrothermal epigenetic mineralisation occurs in pre-Cambrian meta-sediments and associated intrusive granites generally of post-Algonkian age. Important uranium deposits are located in the Singhbhum Copper Belt, Bihar. Lately, two uranium occurrences have been discovered in the terra incognita of the Central Himalayas. The sedimentary formations of Peninsular India are essentially thoriferous; sporadic presence of uranium in very small amounts is reported only in a few rare instances, e.g., certain arkosic sandstones, laterites, coals, phosphatic nodules, etc. The problem of continuous replenishment of radium in the Tuwa hot spring, Gujarat, is discussed. The monazite-bearing placer deposits along the 2000 mile long Indian sea-board and some inland placers are described.
The Petrographic Correlation of Bachra Seams, Bachra Area, North Karanpura Coalfield, Bihar, India
Authors: Pareek H. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the south-eastern portion of the North Karanpura coalfield, Bihar, two coal seams, known as Upper Bachra and Lower Bachra in the Bachra area, and Ray Top and Ray Bottom in the contiguous Ray area, occur in the Karharbari formations. The geology of these areas is indicative of the Bachra seams being the eastern extension of the Ray seams. Their correlation by coal petrography has been attempted in the present paper.
To evaluate the applicability of petrographic method in seam correlation, composition by group maceral and microlithotype was determined for fourteen coals from eight Gondwana coalfields; the microlithotype composition was more characteristic of the petrographic nature of coals. Petrographic profiles of Bachra seams were prepared; they depict the petrographic naturem which varies from seam to seam. The microlithotype composition of Churi, Ray Top, Argada, and Sirka seams was determined on seam total basis; it indicated that each of the seams has a distinctive composition being different for different seams.
The petrographic composition by group maceral, microlithotype, and "group microlithotype" of the Bachra and Ray area seams was determined on scam total basis and correlations made. The composition of Upper and Lower Bachra was found to be similar to that of Ray Top and Bottom seams respectively; the former are, therefore, the eastward extensions of the latter.
The present paper introduces the applicability of coal petrography in correlation of Indian coal seams. It also presents the first petrographic profile of any Indian coal seam.
The Sequence of Deformation, Metamorphism and Igneous Intrusion in the Area around Angul (Orissa)
Authors: Bhattacharyya Bijayprasanna , De Aniruddha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The area around Angul (20°50'N, and 85°05'E) at the north-eastern part of the Eastern Ghats belt, is characterised by highly metamorphosed Archaean catazonal meta-sediments which were syntectonically intruded by a group of hitherto unreported igneous rocks, viz. anorthosite, norite, gabbro and acid charnockite suite sensu stricta. The acid charnockites are generally conformable to the country rocks but clearly show intrusive features in several localities. Along with the surrounding country rocks the syntectonic igneous rocks are highly deformed and metamorphosed under hornblende-granulite subfacies condition. A homophanous biotite-granite, pegmatite-vein quartz and dolerites are post-tectonic discordant intrusions. The paper discusses the geological succession of the area with special reference to the relation between deformation, intrusion and metamorphism of the meta-sediments and the igneous rocks. Among the intrusives, anorthosites are early tectonic and charnockites are late tectonic in nature. Emplacement of norites took place during the main phase of deformation and even slightly outlasted the major folding movement. The maximum regional metamorphism took place in the late tectonic period after the emplacement of charnockites and was followed by granitisation of the rocks to some extent. The post-tectonic intrusions do not show any regional metamorphic effect; but the dolerite shows evidence of auto-metamorphism.