bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination Immunotherapy With Radiotherapy in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of Evidence
Authors: Burr Justin L. , Johnson Kurtis C. , Carmicheal Joseph J. , Lin Chi , Ganti Apar Kishor 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRadiotherapy plays a fundamental role in the treatment of patients with all stages of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has transformed the standard of care in these patients. The use of ICIs is increasingly utilized in the definitive setting as an adjunct to chemoradiotherapy or surgery and remains a vital component in the treatment of metastatic disease. Despite improvements in patient survival, the use of immunotherapy as monotherapy has shown limited overall response rates with susceptibility to resistance. Radiotherapy has been identified as a viable option to enhance the response rate to ICI and improve outcomes in NSCLC.MethodsWe queried the English PubMed database utilizing variably combined search items including “radiation,” “chemoradiation,” “immune checkpoint,” “immunotherapy,” “stereotactic body radiotherapy,” and “non‐small‐cell lung”. We additionally searched various acceptable alternative terms for similar keywords such as “radiotherapy” in place of “radiation.” These results were subsequently curated for relevance and impact on current treatment paradigms.ResultsIn this review, we discuss preclinical and clinical studies relating to combinatorial use of immunotherapy and radiation in NSCLC. These studies are presented in the context of early‐stage, operable stage III, unresectable stage III, and metastatic disease. The majority of the data illustrate promising results regarding the additive or synergistic effects of radiation and immunotherapy with a suggestion that the timing of these treatment modalities is crucial to optimizing outcomes.ConclusionWhile there is now evidence regarding the favorable interplay between radiation and immunotherapy in NSCLC, there remain multiple unanswered questions which are expected to be addressed in ongoing clinical trials.
Is Centralisation of Cancer Services Associated With Under‐Treatment of Patients With High‐Risk Prostate Cancer?—A National Population‐Based Study
Authors: Han Lu , Mayne Emily , Dodkins Joanna , Sullivan Richard , Cook Adrian , Parry Matthew , Nossiter Julie , Cowling Thomas E. , Tree Alison , Clarke Noel , van der Meulen Jan , Aggarwal Ajay 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCentralising prostate cancer surgical and radiotherapy services, requires some patients to travel longer to access treatment, but its impact on actual treatment utilisation and outcomes is unknown.MethodsUsing national cancer registry records linked to administrative hospital data, we identified all patients with high risk and locally advanced prostate cancer diagnosed between 1 April 2019 and 31 March 2020 in the English National Health Service (n = 15,971). Estimated travel times from the patient residential areas to the nearest hospital providing surgery or radiotherapy were estimated for journeys by car and by public transport. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model relationships between travel time and receipt of care with adjustment for patient characteristics.Results10,693 (67%) men received radical surgery or radiotherapy (RT) within 12 months of diagnosis. Average travel time to the nearest hospital providing prostatectomy or RT was 23.2 min by private car and 58.2 min by public transport. We found no association between travel time, either by car or public transport and the likelihood of receiving curative treatment. Patients living in the most socially deprived areas, those aged over 70, those with two or more comorbidities, and those of black ethnic origin, were less likely to receive curative treatment (p& =& 0.001 for all associations).ConclusionsThe current configuration of national prostate cancer services is not associated with the likelihood of receiving curative treatment. Further increases in capacity will unlikely improve utilisation rates beyond addressing sociodemographic barriers.
The modern role of paraprofessionals in delivering brief psychological interventions
Authors: Morrison Nicholas R. , Chang Mu‐Yin , Xie Alice , Kim Youngsuk 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe increasing global demand for mental health services, compounded by the COVID‐19 pandemic, has spurred innovative approaches. Among these, the utilisation of paraprofessionals for delivering brief psychological interventions (BPIs) is gaining significant traction across diverse settings and populations. Paraprofessionals (individuals equipped with specialised mental health training but lacking formal qualifications) have emerged as a valuable resource. They have the potential to offer cost‐effective, culturally sensitive and readily accessible support. The integration of paraprofessionals into various healthcare settings, such as inpatient psychiatric units and primary care clinics, underscores their potential to enhance holistic well‐being and early intervention. This integration not only lightens the load on licensed therapists but also broadens access to services while reducing treatment costs. At a global scale, paraprofessionals, armed with local knowledge and community connections, play a pivotal role in improving mental health outcomes among underserved populations. Furthermore, the rise of telemental health, an increasingly crucial aspect of mental healthcare, presents new avenues for paraprofessionals to deliver psychological care. Despite their potential, paraprofessionals encounter challenges related to work‐life balance, boundary‐setting and the stigma attached to their roles. Their integration into healthcare systems requires clear roles and responsibilities, along with continuous support to ensure effective intervention and the well‐being of both providers and recipients. Further research and development are necessary to harness their full potential and meet the increasing demand for accessible mental health services.
Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes of Biodegradable‐ Versus Durable‐Polymer‐Coated Everolimus‐Eluting Stents in Real‐World Post‐Marketing Study
Authors: Abusnina Waiel , Case Brian C. , Zhang Cheng , Chitturi Kalyan R. , Sawant Vaishnavi , Chaturvedi Abhishek , Haberman Dan , Lupu Lior , Sutton Jospeh A. , Ali Syed W. , Deksissa Teshome , Pokharel Shreejana , Ozturk Sevket T. , Margulies Adrian , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Hashim Hayder D. , Satler Lowell F. , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. , Waksman Ron 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLong‐term clinical data on biodegradable‐polymer (BP) drug‐eluting stents (DES) are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the long‐term safety and efficacy of the BP‐DES SYNERGY compared to XIENCE V, a durable‐polymer (DP)‐DES.MethodsWe compared patients treated with BP‐DES or DP‐DES at our center from 2008 to 2020. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the composite of all‐cause death, Q‐wave myocardial infarction (MI), and target vessel revascularization (TVR). Secondary endpoints were all‐cause death, Q‐wave MI, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stent thrombosis (ST).ResultsA total of 4255 patients underwent propensity‐score matching, and 380 patients from each cohort were matched. There was no significant difference between BP‐DES and DP‐DES concerning MACE (5‐year estimates: 21.6% vs. 26.6%, log‐rank p = 0.259). Furthermore, there was no difference in the TLR rate (5‐year estimates: 7.3% vs. 8.6%, log‐rank p = 0.781). All‐cause death (5‐year estimates: 13.6% vs. 12.9%, log‐rank p = 0.72) and Q‐wave MI (5‐year estimates: 0.53% vs. 1.7%, log‐rank p = 0.427) were also comparable between the two groups. Of note, the rate of very late ST was very low and similar between the groups (5‐year estimates: 0.26% vs. 0.64%, log‐rank p = 0.698).ConclusionBP‐DES and DP‐DES demonstrate similar safety and efficacy at 5‐year follow‐up. Both can be used for the effective treatment of coronary artery disease.
Red‐Light Photocatalytic Activation of Pt(IV) Anticancer Prodrugs Using Methylene Blue
Authors: Carrasco Ana C. , Bajetto Greta , Scoditti Stefano , Pieslinger German E. , Gambino Francesco , De Andrea Marco , Sicilia Emilia , Martínez‐Martínez Virginia , Dell'Oste Valentina , Salassa Luca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCatalysis‐based approaches offer versatile strategies for activating anticancer prodrugs, potentially allowing precise control over drug release and localization within tumor tissues while reducing systemic toxicity. In this study, we explore the role of the phenothiazine dye methylene blue (MB+) as a photocatalyst in conjunction with biologically relevant electron donors to facilitate the red‐light conversion of two Pt(IV) complexes, denoted as cis,cis,trans‐[PtCl2(NH3)2(O2CCH2CH2COOH)2] (1) and trans‐[Pt(O2CCH2CH2COOH)21R,2R‐(DACH)(ox)] (2), into cisplatin and oxaliplatin, respectively. Combining spectroscopic techniques (NMR, UV–vis, and flash photolysis) with computational methods, we reveal that the doubly reduced MB+ (leucomethylene blue, LMB) triggers the reductive elimination of axial ligands in the two Pt(IV) precursors, generating the corresponding Pt(II) anticancer drugs. In vitro experiments conducted on the human cervical cancer cell line CaSki, which harbors multiple copies of the integrated HPV‐16 genome, and on nontumoral cells (HaCat) demonstrate that coadministration with Pt(IV) prodrugs improves MB+’s antiproliferative efficacy in cancer cells, particularly under red light exposure. This enhancement could be attributed to the catalytic production of Pt(II) species within the cellular environment.
Asymmetric Organocatalysed Synthesis of (R)‐Mandelic Acid Esters and α‐Alkoxy Derivatives from Commercial Sources
Authors: Battaglia Vincenzo , Meninno Sara , Lattanzi Alessandra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOptically active mandelic acid esters represent a highly valuable class of building blocks in organic synthesis and recurrent motifs embedded in bioactive compounds and drugs. Herein, we provide an enantioselective one‐pot synthesis based on Knoevenagel condensation/asymmetric epoxidation/domino ring‐opening hydrolysis (DROH) sequence to the crude mandelic acids, which underwent a final esterification step to (R)‐methyl mandelates. These products have been obtained in good to high overall yield and enantioselectivity, using commercially and widely available reagents and catalyst including aldehydes, phenylsulfonyl acetonitrile, cumyl hydroperoxide, water and an epi‐quinine‐derived urea as the organocatalyst. Moreover, the versatility of the process has been demonstrated to prepare the corresponding α‐alkoxy esters in highly enantioselective manner, when using primary alcohols in a domino ring‐opening esterification (DROE) step. This system is a first example of non‐enzymatic catalytic one‐pot protocol which allows a straightforward asymmetric synthesis of highly valuable mandelic acid derivatives from aldehyde feedstocks.
The “full species list” fallacy in Floristic Quality Assessment
Authors: Jog Suneeti K. , Bried Jason T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBiological assessments typically involve field surveys that are time‐consuming and require taxonomic expertise. Floristic Quality Assessment, a popular bioassessment method for wetlands and other ecosystems, generally assumes a comprehensive or representative species list for accurate implementation. We explored this long‐held belief by analyzing an essential floristic quality metric (mean conservatism) across real and simulated gradients of species representation in two disparate case studies. In one study, we incrementally removed species at random from an exhaustive floristic survey of a suburban wetland complex in northeast Ohio. Bootstrapping mean conservatism at each removal step, precision scarcely decreased with 10%–30% species loss, becoming noticeable only when about 50% or fewer species remained. For the other study, we exploited varying percentages of dominant species available from hundreds of single‐visit wetland determination surveys throughout Illinois. Comparing dominants‐only mean conservatism with total species mean conservatism, the relationship steadily improved as dominants covered progressively larger fractions of native richness, ranging from r2 = 0.12 at ≤10% dominants to 0.74 at >40% dominants. Both exercises suggest that community size is more important than taxonomic representation or inventory completeness per se in determining accuracy. Our results indicate that full or representative checklists are not a prerequisite for reliable Floristic Quality Assessment, supporting the investigation and potential use of taxonomic shortcuts and empowering a wide range of users beyond expert field botanists.
Addition of Sydnones to para‐Quinone Methides: Selective 1,6‐Additions and Oxidative C−H Functionalizations
Authors: Serrao Lavina Gladis , Naveenkumar S. , Maddani Mahagundappa R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCu(OTf)2 catalysed 1,6‐addition and oxidative C−H functionalization of p‐quinone methides with sydnones is developed. Diversely substituted triarylmethanes and quinones have been synthesized in good to excellent yields in short reaction time. Further, the antioxidant activity of some of the synthesised triarylmethanes was investigated using DPPH assay and the compounds show good antioxidant property.
Dynamics of Viscous Jeffrey Fluid Flow Through Darcian Medium With Hall Current and Quadratic Buoyancy
Authors: Akolade Mojeed T. , Agunbiade Samson A. , Oyekunle Timothy L. , Malgwi Peter B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis contribution builds on existing studies by investigating the dynamics of Hall current in Jeffery fluid under radiative heat, convective boundary conditions, Joule heating, and Darcy dissipation. Hall current, an important phenomenon in engineering applications involving strong magnetic fields, highlights the impact of electromagnetic force in examining blood flow rate, determining charge drift velocity, density, and movement, and is used in power generators and high‐voltage transformers. This analysis incorporates dissipative and thermal radiative heat and employs the effects of Hall current and Joule heating, resulting from porous medium resistance, to derive the partial differential equations governing the dynamic systems. These equations are then reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through similarity variables. The Galerkin weighted residual method (GWRM) is employed to examine the dynamics of Hall current and quadratic thermal buoyancy, shedding light on the thermal properties and hydrodynamics of Jeffrey fluid convection within a porous medium. The analysis reveals that in the presence of an applied magnetic field, the contribution of Hall current to flow and heat dynamics induces a magnetic force that enhances fluid motion and negatively impacts heat energy patterns. The imposition of dissipative heat physically increases the fluid temperature, owing to an increase in buoyancy current. The occurrence of thermal radiation, Hall current, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating can efficiently optimize the rate of heat transfer and shear stress. Moreover, the tabular results indicate that Jeffrey fluid, exhibiting higher relaxation time, will experience a lower friction coefficient and heat transfer rate.
Crowd Flow Prediction: An Integrated Approach Using Dynamic Spatial–Temporal Adaptive Modeling for Pattern Flow Relationships
Authors: Ul Abideen Zain , Sun Xiaodong , Sun Chao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPredicting crowd flows in smart cities poses a significant challenge for the intelligent transportation system (ITS). Traffic management and behavioral analysis are crucial and have garnered considerable attention from researchers. However, accurately and timely predicting crowd flow is difficult due to various complex factors, including dependencies on recent crowd flow and neighboring regions. Existing studies often focus on spatial–temporal dependencies but neglect to model the relationship between crowd flow in distant areas. In our study, we observe that the daily flow of each region remains relatively consistent, and certain regions, despite being far apart, exhibit similar flow patterns, indicating a strong correlation between them. In this paper, we proposed a novel Multiscale Adaptive Graph‐Gated Network (MSAGGN) model. The main components of MSAGGN can be divided into three major parts: (1) To capture the parallel periodic learning architecture through a layer‐wise gated mechanism, a layer‐wise functional approach is employed to modify gated mechanism, establishing parallel skip periodic connections to effectively manage temporal and external factor information at each time interval; (2) a graph convolutional‐based adaptive mechanism that effectively captures crowd flow traffic data by considering dynamic spatial–temporal correlations; and (3) we proposed a novel intelligent channel encoder (ICE). The task of this block is to capture citywide spatial–temporal correlation along external factors to preserve correlation for distant regions with external elements. To integrate spatio‐temporal flexibility, we introduce the adaptive transformation module. We assessed our model's performance by comparing it with previous state‐of‐the‐art models and conducting experiments using two real‐world datasets for evaluation.
Tidying up white matter: Neuroplastic transformations in sensorimotor tracts following slackline skill acquisition
Authors: Koschutnig Karl , Weber Bernhard , Fink Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigated changes in white matter (WM) morphology following complex motor learning, that is, the learning to walk a slackline. A sample of young adults from the general population underwent brain imaging before the slackline intervention, after successful learning, and after a subsequent follow‐up period by applying state‐of‐the‐art measures for the assessment of micro‐ and macrostructural characteristics of WM fiber tracts (voxel‐based and fixel‐based). A randomly assigned control group (CG) was scanned at the same time points of assessment but received no intervention over the study period. Learning to walk a slackline resulted in manifold changes in WM morphology: (1) Whole brain fixel‐based analyses revealed robust increases in the fiber cross‐section in bundles closely associated with sensorimotor functions (e.g., superior longitudinal fasciculi, corticospinal tract); (2) The neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) parameters showed widespread decreases in overlapping fiber bundles. In the CG, no time‐related WM changes were apparent at all. This well‐controlled longitudinal intervention study provides substantial new evidence that learning a complex motor skill modulates fiber organization and fiber density in sensorimotor tracts.
OpenMAP‐T1: A Rapid Deep‐Learning Approach to Parcellate 280 Anatomical Regions to Cover the Whole Brain
Authors: Nishimaki Kei , Onda Kengo , Ikuta Kumpei , Chotiyanonta Jill , Uchida Yuto , Mori Susumu , Iyatomi Hitoshi , Oishi Kenichi ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study introduces OpenMAP‐T1, a deep‐learning‐based method for rapid and accurate whole‐brain parcellation in T1‐ weighted brain MRI, which aims to overcome the limitations of conventional normalization‐to‐atlas‐based approaches and multi‐atlas label‐fusion (MALF) techniques. Brain image parcellation is a fundamental process in neuroscientific and clinical research, enabling a detailed analysis of specific cerebral regions. Normalization‐to‐atlas‐based methods have been employed for this task, but they face limitations due to variations in brain morphology, especially in pathological conditions. The MALF techniques improved the accuracy of the image parcellation and robustness to variations in brain morphology, but at the cost of high computational demand that requires a lengthy processing time. OpenMAP‐T1 integrates several convolutional neural network models across six phases: preprocessing; cropping; skull‐stripping; parcellation; hemisphere segmentation; and final merging. This process involves standardizing MRI images, isolating the brain tissue, and parcellating it into 280 anatomical structures that cover the whole brain, including detailed gray and white matter structures, while simplifying the parcellation processes and incorporating robust training to handle various scan types and conditions. The OpenMAP‐T1 was validated on the Johns Hopkins University atlas library and eight available open resources, including real‐world clinical images, and the demonstration of robustness across different datasets with variations in scanner types, magnetic field strengths, and image processing techniques, such as defacing. Compared with existing methods, OpenMAP‐T1 significantly reduced the processing time per image from several hours to less than 90 s without compromising accuracy. It was particularly effective in handling images with intensity inhomogeneity and varying head positions, conditions commonly seen in clinical settings. The adaptability of OpenMAP‐T1 to a wide range of MRI datasets and its robustness to various scan conditions highlight its potential as a versatile tool in neuroimaging.
Evaluating the performance and clinical decision‐making impact of ChatGPT‐4 in reproductive medicine
Authors: Chen Rouzhu , Zeng Danling , Li Yi , Huang Rui , Sun Dejuan , Li Tingting 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundChatGPT, a sophisticated language model developed by OpenAI, has the potential to offer professional and patient‐friendly support. We aimed to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT‐4 in answering questions related to knowledge, management, and support within the field of reproductive medicine.MethodsChatGPT‐4 was used to respond to queries sourced from a domestic attending physician examination database, as well as to address both local and international treatment guidelines within the field of reproductive medicine. Each response generated by ChatGPT‐4 was independently evaluated by a trio of experts specializing in reproductive medicine. The experts used four qualitative measures—relevance, accuracy, completeness, and understandability—to assess each response.ResultsWe found that ChatGPT‐4 demonstrated extensive knowledge in reproductive medicine, with median scores for relevance, accuracy, completeness, and comprehensibility of objective questions being 4, 3.5, 3, and 3, respectively. However, the composite accuracy rate for multiple‐choice questions was 63.38%. Significant discrepancies were observed among the three experts' scores across all four measures. Expert 1 generally provided higher and more consistent scores, while Expert 3 awarded lower scores for accuracy. ChatGPT‐4's responses to both domestic and international guidelines showed varying levels of understanding, with a lack of knowledge on regional guideline variations. However, it offered practical and multifaceted advice regarding next steps and adjusting to new guidelines.ConclusionsWe analyzed the strengths and limitations of ChatGPT‐4's responses on the management of reproductive medicine and relevant support. ChatGPT‐4 might serve as a supplementary informational tool for patients and physicians to improve outcomes in the field of reproductive medicine.