bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
الحداثة في قصتي " معسكرين" و " قبض الريح " للقاص ميخا يوسف برديتشفسكي
Authors: تركي م. جمعة محسن 
Published: October 2019

ظهرت الحداثة في الأدب العبري في بداية القرن العشرين. إذا كنا نرغب في تحديد تاريخ تطورها، فستكون بين الأعوام 1899-1900 التي نشر فيها ميخا يوسف بيرديتشفسكي روايتيه، " معسكرين "، و " قبض الريح "، واللتين كان لهما تأثيرا بعيد المدى على جيل من الكتاب الشباب. يشير مفهوم الحداثة إلى انه الاستجابة الثقافية للتغيرات التي حدثت في المجتمع الغربي بعد الثورة الصناعية. اما تعريف الحداثة بالمعنى الثقافي والتاريخي عمومًا أنها اساليب فنية وأدبية جديدة تطورت في العقود التي سبقت الحرب العالمية الأولى عندما تمرد الفنانون على معايير القرن التاسع عشر في هذه المناطق في محاولة لتقديم ما اعتقدوا أنه صورة عاطفية أكثر واقعية لما يعتقد ويشعر به الناس حقًا. لقد تطورت حركة الحداثة في نهاية القرن التاسع عشر، وكانت متجذرة في فكرة أن الأشكال "التقليدية" للفن والأدب والتنظيم الاجتماعي والحياة اليومية قد عفا عليها الزمن، وبالتالي كانت هناك حاجة للتخلص من هذه الأشكال وإعادة اختراع الثقافة بدءا من التجارة الى الفلسفة. لكن حقيقة الحداثة هي اتجاه فكري أخطر من الليبرالية والعلمانية والماركسية، وكل ما عرفته هذه الإنسانية من المذاهب المدمرة وهي تضم كل هذه العقائد الفكرية. وأكثر وضوحا، هو الاتجاه الجديد الذي يشكل ثورة كاملة لكل ما كان وما هو في المجتمع. بمعنى تغير اجتماعي، سياسي، اقتصادي، ديني، وفني جذري وشامل.
SINTESIS SURFAKTAN ALKIL POLIGLIKOSIDA DARI GLUKOSA DAN DODEKANOL DENGAN KATALIS ASAM
Authors: Anastasia Wulan Pratidina Swasono  , Putri Dei Elvarosa Sianturi  , Zuhrina Masyithah  
Published: October 2019

Alkyl polyglicoside (APG) is an enviromentally friendly product non-ionic surfactact and biodegradable product that can be obtained by reacting glucose and fatty alcohol. The purpose of this study was to know the manufacture of surfactant alkyl polyglicoside by using glucose and dodecanol, and also to know the effect of catalyst concentration and molar ratio glucose and dodecanol: 1:1; 1:2: 2:1 (mol/mol), catalyst consentration of hydrochloric acid: 0.3 M; 0,4 M; 0,5 M; 0,6 M at temperature 100 0C. The analysis in this research using FT-IR spectroscopy, analysis of surface tension (Critical Micelle Concentration) and HLB values ​​(Hidrophylic-Lipophylic Balance). The best catalyst concentration at synthesis of alkyl polyglicoside is 0.6 M, the largest surface tension (CMC) at ratio glucose and dodecanol 2:1 is 70.7945% and the highest HLB value is 7.31 in comparison of glucose and dodecanol 2:1.
PENENTUAN EFISIENSI INHIBISI REAKSI KOROSI BAJA MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L)
Authors: Yuli Rizky Ananda Nasution  , Sri Hermawan  , Rosdanelli Hasibuan  
Published: October 2019

Garcinia mangostana peel extract is a natural inhibitor that can be used to inhibit the corrosion reaction rate. This research begins by extracting Garcinia Mangostana pods by maceration followed by evaporation and extracts used as the inhibitor with concentration 600, 800 and 1000 ppm, with the test sample of corrosion is steel 1 × 2 cm with the thickness is 0,1 cm and corrosive medias are sea water, rain water and sulfuric acid 1 M. The highest inhibition efficiency generated is 99,22% with ethanol solvent at concentration of 800 ppm inhibitor in rain water corrosive media; which means that Garcinia mangostana peel extract more efficiently used in rain water corrosive media.
KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN BIJI KOPI (ARABIKA) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL
Authors: Bella Simbolon  , Kartini Pakpahan  , Siswarni MZ  
Published: October 2019

This research aims to exploit the coffee seed oil as raw material for biodiesel by esterification process, then followed by transesterification process and studied the influence of variations in the weight ratio of solvent: ground coffee beans in the coffee bean oil extraction process. The methodologies of this researchare conducted on the process of preparation of raw materials, extraction, and testing phase. Extraction is done with a variety of types of solvent n-hexane (C6H14) and toluene (C7H8 (C6H5CH3)) and a variety of solvents through a ratio of 1:5, 1:6, 1:7 and 1:8 against the mass of each run, which is 40 gram. Another variable is still 2 hours extraction time and temperature solvent extraction with n-hexane (C6H14) (boiling point 690C) is 70-75 0c and the solvent toluene (C7H8 (C6H5CH3))(boiling point 1100C) is 110-1150C. Testing phase is done bythe use of coffee oil esterification process in the molar ratio of methanol: free fatty acid catalyst H2SO4 = 3:1 with 1% v / v for 1hour with stirring 600 rpm and transesterification process at a molar ratio of methanol: oil = 9:1 coffee with 1.75% NaOH catalyst for 2 hours with stirring 600 rpm. Esterification process as conducted preliminary due to high levels of free fatty acids coffeeoils, which is 22.2%. Extraction results include the maximum yield of the coffee oils 17.73% in toluene weight ratio: coffee powder= 6:1, and coffee oil data in the form of the density 93.75 g / ml, viscosity 59.326 cP and fatty acid composition of the highest linoleic acid 40.8765% and palmitic acid 37.4492%. The results of esterification and transesterification obtained by the methyl ester equal to 39.63% with density 0.915 g / ml, 22.5498 cSt kinematic viscosity and flash point 130 0C.
PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI TERHADAP PERSENTASE PENYISIHAN CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) CAMPURAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAPIOKA DAN AIR
Authors: Umayi Belladiana  , Wan Rizki Ansari  , Setiaty Pandia  
Published: October 2019

Study about the effect of fermentation time on the percentage removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) a mixture of tapioca liquid industrial waste and water that aims to determine the effect of water quality and quantity of bio-gas generated from tapioca industrial wastewater combined with water. The research was conducted by combining tapioca industrial wastewater with water on several compositions, namely 100: 0; 85:15; 65:35; 50:50; 35:65; 15:85 (v / v) with cow dung starter in the batch anaerobic digester systems for 24 days with a neutral pH. The optimum percentage of allowance for COD at the ratio of tapioca liquid industrial waste and water at 15:85 with a value of 42.14% where the value of COD on day 0 was 1723 mg / L after day 24 was 997 mg / L .
EKSTRAKSI PIGMEN ANTOSIANIN DARI KULIT RAMBUTAN (NEPHELIUM LAPPACEUM) DENGAN PELARUT ETANOL
Authors: Laura Olivia Siahaan  , Elvi Rasida Florentina Hutapea  , Rondang Tambun  
Published: October 2019

Rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum Linn) is a kind of tropical fruits which come from Malaysia and Indonesia. Their red coloured rinds have not used yet effectively and that coloured may be due to anthocyanin that can be used for natural colours. The purpose of this research is to know the optimal condition of the extraction anthocyanin, they are particle size of rambutan rinds, temperature and extraction time. Analysis of the anthocyanin use spectrophotometer UV-Vis to detect the wavelength and the absorbance of the anthocyanin. The best conditions are rambutan rind milled by blender and extraction time for 8 hours at 70 0 of temperature. These conditions give the highest color intensity having 1,0086 of maximal absorbancy, 120,1601 mg/mL of anthocyanin concentration and 0,6008 % of rendement.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN NATRIUM KLORIDA (NaCl) DAN WAKTU PERENDAMAN BUFFER FOSFAT TERHADAP PEROLEHAN CRUDE PAPAIN DARI DAUN PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA, L.)
Authors: Pinta Rizki Mala Hasibuan  , Mitha Alviyulita  , Farida Hanum  
Published: October 2019

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the fruits of commodities internationally, either in the form of fresh fruit or as processed products. The leaves are green still not fully utilized. Papaya leaves contains papain enzyme which is a protease enzyme that very helpful for the industry. Papain is a protease enzyme contained in papaya latex, whether in fruit, stems and leaves, as an enzyme capable of solving the protein molecules, current papain into products that are beneficial to human life, either at home or industrial ladder. This study aims to determine the effect of the degree of saturation of sodium chloride and phosphate buffer to yield soaking rough papaya protease. This study varying the time of immersion phosphate buffer and saturation levels of sodium chloride. Analysis of protease activity was performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to measure the wavelength and absorbance values​​. The best research results obtained at 12 h immersion phosphate buffer with a concentration of sodium chloride 60% is 272.8222 unit / ml. In the analysis of the rendemen obtained by the best condition at the time of immersion phosphate buffer for 36 hours at a concentration of 90% is 43,5152%. In the analysis of moisture content obtained the best condition at the time of immersion of 36 hours at a concentration of 90% is 37.4266%.
PEMANFAATAN ADSORBEN DARI BIJI ASAM JAWA UNTUK MENURUNKAN BILANGAN PEROKSIDA PADA CPO (CRUDE PALM OIL)
Authors: Agus Mangiring Siburian  , Agnes Sartika Doharma Pardede  , Setiaty Pandia  
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed to discover the effectiveness of tamarind seeds as adsorbent for the reduction of PV (Peroxide Value) in CPO (Crude Palm Oil) at the best adsorbent dose and contact time. Materials used were CPO, tamarind seeds, nitric acid, and distilled water. Variables observed were adsorbent : nitric acid ratio and oven temperature in adsorbent activation process, and contact time and adsorbent dose in adsorption process. This study was began with adsorbent modification, where the cleaced and crushed tamarind seeds to pass through 140 mesh were activated with 4 N nitric acid at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 of adsorbent : nitric acid ratio while heated at 80 oC for 2 hours. Adsorbent was then dried in oven at 110 oC, 120 oC, 130 oC and 140 oC. Adsorbent with the higher iodine number was used in adsorption process that was carried out by heating 100 grams of CPO on hot plate at 90 oC with 1000 rpm of stirring speed, and followed by adsorbent addition of 0.5 %, 1,0 %, and 1,5 % (of CPO used) and 25, 35, and 45 minutes of contact time, and after that oil was filtered using vacuum pump. The study results showed that the best ratio of adsorbent : nitric acid 4 N was 1:2 at 130 oC of oven temperature with 511.773 mg/g of iodine number. The best adsorbent dose was 1.0 % at 35 minutes of contact time that gave higher reduction of PV with peroxide value of 0,00868 meq/kg with the reduction percentage was 39,72 %. This study showed that nitcic acid-activated adsorbent from tamarind seeds was effective to reduce PV in CPO.
PENGARUH VARIASI VARIABEL REAKSI PADA PROSES EKSTRAKSI REAKTIF MESOKARP SAWIT UNTUK MENGHASILKAN BIODIESEL
Authors: Pascalis Novalina  , Arya Josua S  , Taslim  , Tjahjono Herawan  
Published: October 2019

The conventional method for the production of biodiesel needed the oil that is extracted from the biomass before it can be transesterified into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Reactive extraction can be used to produce biodiesel with high-yield, low production costs, reduce the reaction time and the use of reagents and co-solvents, making it easier to produce biodiesel. In this study, reactive extraction applied to produce biodiesel from palm fruit mesocarp extracted using dimethyl carbonate as a solvent and reagents, and novozym®435 as a catalyst. Methanol was replaced by dialkyl carbonates, particularly dimethyl carbonate. Dimethyl carbonate can be used as a solvent and as a reagent, so reactive extraction is very easy to apply. The parameters will be study are reaction temperature (50, 60, and 70 °C), reaction time (8, 16, 24 hours), the molar ratio of reactants (50: 1, 60: 1, 70: 1 n/n ), the concentration of novozym® 435 (5%, 10%, 15% wt).The results showed that the highest biodiesel yield can be achivied at conditions temperature of 60 °C, reaction time 24 hours, molar ratio of reactants palm mesocarp to DMC 1:60, and novozym®435 concentration of 10wt%. The results showed that the synthesis of biodiesel via reactive extraction using palm mesocarp as raw material requires a low production cost.
HIDROLISIS HASIL DELIGNIFIKASI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DALAM SISTEM CAIRAN IONIK CHOLINE CHLORIDE
Authors: Gendish Yoricya  , Shinta Aisyah Putri Dalimunthe  , Renita Manurung  , Nimpan Bangun  
Published: October 2019

Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (TKKS) was the waste which has a fairly high content of lignocelluloses. Meanwhile, TKKS has not been utilize optimally. With a cellulose content of 45%-50%, TKKS then potentially be used as raw material for bioethanol. In the process of production bioethanol, delignification of lignocellulose the first phase was conducted to dissolve ligament between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In this research, delignification process was carried out using NaOH in the ionic liquid system and without ionic liquids. The purpose of this research was to find out the highest content of cellulose which contained in the TKKS and to determine the hydrolysis of delignification results on palm empty fruit bunches and the best hydrolysis conditions was obtained at the hydrolysis process in the choline chloride ionic liquid system. Delignification process were performed using ionic liquids choline chloride (ChCl) in variety of cooking time with amount different ChCl. This research used TKKS powder cooked at a temperature 130 °C with a variety of cooking time 30, 60, and 90 minutes and the variation of ChCl 10%, 15% and 20% weight of TKKS. Delignification research results used ChCl obtained highest content of cellulose was 40,33%, hemicellulose 20,28%, and lignin 3,62% in cooking treatment 90 minutes and 15% ChCl. While delignification without ChCl obtained highest content of cellulose is 24,98%, hemicellulose 8,25%, and lignin 18,99% in cooking treatment 90 minutes. Delignification process using ChCl be able increase the degree of delignification as big as 61,45%. In the hydrolisis process, the main raw material used cellulose of delignification TKKS result, choline chloride, sulfatl acid, and distilled water. The hydrolysis stage in this research was carried out at temperature 105 0C, catalyst (H2SO4) 10% (w / w) cellulose, ChCl 10%, 15%, and 20% (w / w) cellulose and it was stirred at constant speed 120 rpm with reaction time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The result in the hydrolysis stage using ionic liquid obtained glucose. LUFF method analysis showed the maximum result of glucose 37.96% with the best conditions in reaction time 90 minutes and the amount of choline chloride 20%.
PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK DAUN SAMBUNG NYAWA (Gynura Procumbens [Lour].Merr) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN PADA MINYAK KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT METANOL
Authors: Mersi Suriani Sinaga  , Putri Defriska Siagian  , Rika Ariska  
Published: October 2019

Sambung Nyawa leaves (Gynura Procumbens [Lour].Merr) have been used as a traditional medicine. Sambung Nyawa leaves contain flavonoid compounds, its functional as a natural antioxidant. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Sambung Nyawa leaves extract addition as an antioxidant and ability to preserve the quality of coconut oil. Firstly, flavonoids were extracted from Sambung Nyawa leaves with combination of raw material to solvent ratio (w/v) and extraction temperature. The extracts which gave the highest total flavonoids contents were mixed into the coconut oil for 3 days, 6 days, 9 days, 12 days, and 15 days. Total flavonoids contents of Sambung Nyawa leaves extracts were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The analyses for coconut oil were the value of acid, iod, and peroxide number. The results showed that the highest total flavonoids contents of 1,32 % be obtained with raw material to solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v) and extraction temperature of 55 oC. The lowest acid number of 0.45%, the highest iod number of 7.90 gr I2/100 gr, and the lowest peroxide number of 4.40 mg O2/100 gr be obtained with stored time of 3 days for coconut oil which mixed with the Sambung Nyawa leaves extracts.
PEMBUATAN SABUN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KULIT BUAH KAPUK (Ceiba petandra) SEBAGAI SUMBER ALKALI
Authors: Lilis Sukeksi  , Andy Junianto Sidabutar  , Chandra Sitorus  
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of reaction time and temperature toward the formed of soap product. This study begins by drying the skin of cotton and burning to gain the ash of cotton fruit skin. The combustion is done by using muffle furnace at 500 oC for 3 hours. Then, extraction is done on ash by using aquadest with a ration 1:3 to obtain alkali. This alkali will be used with cooking oil from palm in saponification process with fixed volume variable oil of 30 ml, velocity of stirring is 250 rpm, and oil volume : alkali volume 1:2 (ml). Whereas for the free variable are reaction temperature at 60­ oC, 70 oC, 80 oC, stirring time at 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes. The observed responses are density, acidity (pH), saponification number and free alkali. The best results were obtained at 80 °C and stirring time of 120 minutes with a density of 1.34 gr / ml, pH 9.1, saponification number of 200.349 and a 0.07% free alkali content.
PEMBUATAN KARBOKSIMETIL SELULOSA DARI KULIT PISANG KEPOK DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA, NATRIUM MONOKLOROASETAT, TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI
Authors: Saputri Ayuningtiyas  , Feni Dwi Desiyana  , Siswarni MZ  
Published: October 2019

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a derivative cellulose which is soluble an in water (hydrophilic colloid). This material effective to bind water to provide a uniform texture and increase viscosity. The aim of this study is to utilize banana peel as a raw material to synthesis CMC and determine the best conditions in the process of synthesis CMC from banana peel. The materials used were banana peel, water, aquades, NaOH, Natirum monochloroacetat and glacial acetic acid. The variables in this study were NaOH concentration, natirum monochloroacetat mass, temperature and reaction time. In this research consists of four stages there are preparation of raw materials, alkalization, carboxymethylation, and neutralization. The results of this research shows the variatioon NaOH concentration 20% and temperature of 45oC degree, mol rasio of cellulose:sodium monochloroacetat 1:1,6 with a reaction time of 120 minutes obtained the highest substitution degree of 0,73-0.812. The FTIR analysis shows the presence of the O-H, C-H, C = O, C-0, CH2 and 1,4 β-glycoside function groups known to have the same function groups as the commercial carboxymethyl cellulose.
KENDALI SISTEM BIOREAKTOR KONTINYU
Authors: Rudy Agustriyanto  
Published: October 2019

Tujuan dalam industri bioproses umumnya adalah memaksimalkan pertumbuhan mikroba dan / atau produksi beberapa senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme. Untuk mencapai hal ini dengan cara yang efisien, maka diperlukan untuk menjaga lingkungan yang sesuai untuk mikroorganisme setiap saat. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan algoritma kendali PI (Proporsional integral) dan PID (Proporsional Integral Derivative) untuk suatu sistem bioproses. Kriteria Bode kemudian diterapkan untuk memeriksa kestabilan sistem diikuti dengan penentuan parameter pengendali menggunakan metode TLC (Tyreus-Luyben). Hasil simulasi lintas tertutup menunjukkan kinerja pengendalian yang dapat diterima.
PERBANDINGAN GUGUS FUNGSI DAN MORFOLOGI PERMUKAAN KARBON AKTIF DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN AKTIVATOR ASAM FOSFAT (H3PO4) DAN ASAM NITRAT (HNO3)
Authors: Vidyanova Anggun Mentari  , Gewa Handika  , Seri Maulina  
Published: October 2019

Indonesia is one of the biggest producent of palm oil in the world. According to Badan Pusat Statistik (Central Bureau of Statistics), on 2016 wide of the palm oil estate in Indonesia is 11.672.861 Ha. The waste of palm oil plantations so many and isn’t used optimal, for the example is oil palm frond. Oil palm frond is one of the wet of waste with the number of production as much as 19.143.492 ton on 2016. This research will discuss the comparison of functional group and surface morphology activated carbon of oil palm frond with use H3PO­4 and HNO3 as an activator. This research purpose to know the comparison of functional group and surface morphology activated carbon of oil palm frond with use H3PO4 and HNO3 as an activator. The method includes impregnation, carbonization, and washing process. The concentration of activator is 20% with 400 oC activation temperature. This research is used morphology surface activated carbon analysis with SEM and FTIR spectrophotometer. The result of analysis with SEM show there is pore formed on activated carbon and the indentification with spechtrophotometer FTIR shows that activated carbon is contain of functional group are C=O, C=C, C-C, N=O, C-N, C-OH, CH2and C-H.
EKSTRAKSI MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA MELATI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ISOPROPIL ETER : PENGARUH WAKTU, TEMPERATUR, DAN RASIO MASSA BUNGA MELATI DENGAN VOLUME PELARUT
Authors: Febrina Iskandar  , Michael Dillo Rizki Ginting  , Iriany  , Okta Bani  
Published: October 2019

Jasmine flower is one of the high value commodities. One of the applications of jasmine flower is jasmine essential oil. Jasmine essential oil is often used to produce high quality parfume. Extraction is one of the methods for extracting jasmine essential oil, usually by the help of solvent. In this study, the effect of extraction time, extraction temperature, and solvent to jasmine flower ratio on jasmine oil extraction was studied. The extraction was carried out at 30oC, 35oC, and 40oC for 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours by using isopropyl ether. The ratio of jasmine flower to isopropyl ether were 1:3; 1:4; and 1:5 (m/v). The resulting jasmine oil was analyzed by GC-MS and its quality was assessed according to SNI 06-2385-2006 which include colour test, refractive index analysis, acid number analysis, and ester number analysis. This experiment showed that increasing of extraction time, extraction temperature, and volume of solvent lead to increase of absolute yield of jasmine essential oil. The highest jasmine oil yield was obtained at 10.63 %. The jasmine oil contained 45.34% benzyl acetate and had yellow color. Its refractive index, acid number, and ester number were 1.485, 26.228 mg KOH/gram jasmine essential oil, and 159.885 mg KOH/gram jasmine essential oil.
PEMBUATAN PEKTIN DARI LIMBAH KULIT JERUK (Citrus sinensis) DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ASAM SULFAT (H2SO4)
Authors: Ayu Arimpi  , Setiaty Pandia  
Published: October 2019

Pectin can be utilized in various industries of making jelly, jam, gelling, thickener, stabilizer and emulsifier. In this study the extraction of pectin from orange peel (Citrus sinensis) using ultrasonic waves and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was conducted to determine the effect of variation in settling time and concentration of the alcohol as the pectin filtrate precipitating material on the characteristics of the pectin produced. The study was carried out with 30 minutes extraction time, extraction temperature of 70 oC using H2SO4. Variations carried out were settling time for 14 hours, 16 hours, 18 hours and 20 hours, and concentration of the alcohol ; 65%, 75%, 85% and 95%. Characteristics of pectin produced with successive characteristics: yield ranged from 16.44%-22.44%; moisture content from 4.0-9.45%; ash content of 2.34%-5.54%; equivalent weight of 510.20-865.07 mg; methoxyl content of 7.35%-10.79%; and galacturonic content of 63.71%-95.74%. The 18-hour settling time with 95% ethanol produced the most yield with the best pectin characteristics that met IPPA (International Pectin Producers Association) standards.