bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life cycle assessment of rammed earth made using alkaline activated industrial by-products
Authors: Meek A H , Elchalakani M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Given increasing environmental concerns, lower energy building materials are being developed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The ancient technique rammed earth has been combined with modern industrial waste products to both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce waste. The new rammed earth mixes have been developed using alkaline activation (sodium hydroxide) of industrial by-products: fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume. This paper explores the ‘cradle-to-gate’ life cycle assessment, assessing global warming potential of these rammed earth materials, considering acquisition of raw or recycled materials and processing to final product of residential building envelope. These are compared with commonly used building envelope materials, brick veneer and cavity brickwork, and the more common rammed earth variety, cement-stabilised rammed earth. Results show that greenhouse gas emission savings can be made using these rammed earth mixes compared to the control building materials while achieving comparable or better material properties. Greenhouse gas emissions associated with the building envelope materials are reduced by more than half or one third when compared to cavity brickwork or brick veneer respectively. Following testing of the waste products in surplus in a given area, the same process could be followed for any geographic location.
Architectural Education for a Post-Fossil Future
Authors: Roswag-Klinge E , Pawlicki N , Crabbe M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The transformation to a post-fossil future will require us to radically rethink the way that we live, build, consume and educate. Currently in Europe the construction sector is responsible for nearly 40% of direct and indirect CO2 emissions [1] and 30% of waste [2] generated. With these numbers only increasing, young designers will carry a huge responsibility for reducing the sector’s impact on the environment. Yet in many cases architectural education continues to place form-making in the centre of the curriculum at the expense of an understanding of the complexities of planning in a post-fossil future.
Since its inception in 2017, the Natural Building Lab (NBL) at the Technische Universität Berlin has been exploring new methods of architectural education with the premise that new models and formats are needed in order to equip young designers with the tools they will need to affect change in a rapidly changing, globalised society. The projects undertaken by the Lab up till now have put an emphasis on self-determined learning as the vehicle to involve students proactively in urban-change processes. The first built projects from the Lab, while in diverse contexts, all combine circular, LowTech construction principles with the performance of natural building materials to produce a vision for a post-fossil architecture, often designed and realised by students in trans-disciplinary collaborations. The paper will look at the challenges facing architectural educators and how the Natural Building Lab is aiming to frame its pedagogic strategy based on the realities of resource scarcity and climate change.
A survey of private landlords in Karlsruhe and their perception of deep energy retrofit
Authors: Naber E , Lützkendorf T , Volk R , Schultmann F 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Energy use related to buildings accounts for 35.3% of Germany’s final energy consumption and nearly a third of greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, deep energy retrofit (DER) has a substantial role in the German energy efficiency strategy. Although many DER measures are economically viable, the pace of DER is below expectations and target value. A few studies investigated this phenomenon and conducted surveys mostly among owner-occupiers. However, 54% of the 40.5 million apartments in Germany are rented and a total of 15 million are let by private (not professional) landlords. Therefore, this investigation focuses on private landlords to find out what drives or constrains them to do deep energy retrofitting. A survey was conducted in a quarter of Karlsruhe, a large city in Germany with an above-average demand-driven real estate market. In this quarter, 83.2% or 8464 apartments are rented. 85 private landlords who own 10% of the rented residential buildings in the quarter responded and gave insight into their perception of DER. The results show that the buildings of the respondents originate from a construction period with large saving potential. Main strategies for investments in DERs are conservation of economic value of the property and the compliance with legal requirements. The main trigger is required maintenance. Despite an eco-friendly attitude, ecological criteria have a minor part in the DER decision. Finally, policy recommendations are made.
Achieving net zero status in South Africa
Authors: Terblanche R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to determine how net zero buildings in South Africa can achieve net zero status. Net zero buildings are defined as energy efficient buildings with energy supply from renewable sources on-/or off-site or through offsets. The Green Building Council South Africa launched and certified the first four buildings in South Africa under its Net Zero Pilot Certification scheme in October 2017. Net zero status can be achieved in waste, water, carbon and ecology respectively. The concept of net zero buildings is thus new to South Africa and certain barriers needs to be overcome. A semi-structured questionnaire was sent out to developers in order to establish the perceived barriers by developers. Net zero buildings still needs to be commercially justified in South Africa. Cost and lack of incentives are definite barriers. The National Building Regulations of South Africa is a barrier to the development of net zero buildings as is does not require buildings to aim for net zero status. Requirements from national authorities could greatly impact changes in the approach to developments. There is a knowledge gap in the construction industry of sustainable and net zero buildings in South Africa regarding the benefits, implementation thereof as well as the actual costs.
The Mundel and Objective Matrix Model of Productivity Measurement at PT Adi Perkapalan
Authors: Yahya R , Mahachandra M , Handayani N U 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The development of shipping sector especially in ship construction project is ship building or ship production will continue to increase from time to time. The productivity management is needed because it is important. The productivity calculation by using Mundel Model can be known from the decreasing of productivity index which is Galley part. The result of calculation by using the objective matrix (OMAX) method shown that there is an enhancement in the percentage of productivity total in 2017 but it is for the weight ratio of service which is services area and the third part. The improvement and evaluation are needed to be done to achieve a better productivity standard. There some proposals to the management to do an action to improve the productivity.
Mapping Delay Risks of EPC Projects: A Case Study of A Platform and Subsea Pipeline of An Oil and Gas Project
Authors: Hatmoko J.U.D. , Khasani R.R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
More than 80% of oil and gas projects around the world experience delays, which may result in huge financial implications to the contractors and the owners. Therefore, it is important to manage delay risks factors to meet the target of project completion dates. The purpose of this study was to map delay risk factors of Engineering, Procurement, Construction (EPC) projects using a case study of a platform and subsea pipeline of an oil and gas project. Data was collected through observations and analysis of project documents, and interviews with respondents in managerial and engineer levels. A total of 28 delay risk factors was identified and quantified in terms of their probabilities and impacts. This research found 1 extreme risk (4%), 15 high risks (54%), 11 medium risks (39%) and 1 low risk (4%). The top five risk factors include, i.e. contractor’s financial capability, delay in delivery of long-lead items, changes in the project scopes, delay of detailed engineering design (DED), lack of experience of contractors. These findings are beneficial for contractors and owners of oil and gas projects to understand delay risks better and to formulate risk mitigation strategies properly.
Readiness for Implementing Industry 4.0 in Food and Beverage Manufacturer in Indonesia
Authors: Ichsan M , Dachyar M , Farizal  
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Industry 4.0 leads new digital solutions to optimize the entire value stream in the whole manufacturing production systems. Current production systems are often based on the continuous improvement approach of lean management. New opportunities arise by implementing Industry 4.0. The digital transformation towards smart connected factories causes enormous changes in mechanical engineering industry starting from the development of cyber physical systems up to their application in the whole production systems. This paper aims to present the current manufacture state of food and beverage manufactures and the framework to implement digital transformation towards Industry 4.0. Technology Organizational Environment (TOE) method is used. Then Analytical Network Process (ANP) is introduced to reflect the correlation among criteria based on readiness perspective. Finally VIKOR is employed to rank the options on the basis of expert subjective preferences.
Dipole planar bowtie printed antenna for ism application
Authors: Andre H , Fernandez R , Baharuddin  
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Research about dipole planar printed antenna with bowtie shape is presented for ISM application in WIFI technology. Study of the effect flare angle as bowtie antenna parameters on return loss of antenna is simulated using high-frequency electromagnetic field simulation with different Finite Element Method (FEM). The results show bowtie antenna with double flare angle is better than the traditional bowtie antenna and operate in triple band frequency.
Towards hand gesture-based control of virtual keyboards for effective communication
Authors: Rusydi Muhammad Ilhamdi , Oktrison  , Azhar Willy , Oluwarotimi Samuel W , Rusydi Febdian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Individuals with disabilities are often restricted from performing certain daily life activities that the non-disabled persons would normally perform. One of such restrictions is regarding daily life communication that would require listening, speaking, and sometimes movement of one’s body part often referred to as a gesture. Thus, disabled persons without fingers and cannot speak fluently finds it challenging to communicate effectively during daily life activities. Therefore, a virtual Graphical User Interface (GUI)-based keyboard communication tool is developed in this study to aid such individuals in their daily life activities. The developed virtual GUI-based keyboard can support the different directional movement of the hand including up, down, left, and right, that were coded as different communication signs. The choice “select” can be done by turning the wrist up and “erasing” by turning the wrist down. Every hand movement is read and translated by a leap motion sensor. There are two kinds of GUI used in this research, the first GUI with the Alphabet key is equipped with a pictorial word while the second GUI Qwerty comes with a pictorial word. Experimental results concerning the effectiveness of the typing effectiveness show the alphabet GUI has a faster typing time than the Qwerty GUI with an average difference of fewer than 15 seconds.
Assessing safety performance of tire retreading production employees
Authors: Fithri P , Wirdianto E , Yoselina A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Occupational health and safety are one of the important studies that must be applied in the company. This study aims to determine the index of occupational hazards on tire retreading activities in PT. Inti Vulkatama. Direct observation of work behavior is done by evaluating hazard as well as with safety performance index (SPI) approach. The instruments were used in this research are critical behavior checklist (CBC) questionnaire and analytical hierarchy process questionnaire (AHP) for each workstation in the processing department of the hot and cold process. Based on the results of SPI calculations that have been integrated between the results of questionnaires CBC and AHP obtained workstation with the value of SPI < 0,5 indicated unsafe is scrape workstation with SPI 0.498, side cut workstation with SPI 0.496, and hot process workstation with SPI 0.492.
Corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V ELI coated by bioceramic HA in artificial saliva at fluctuating temperatures
Authors: Muharni R , Gunawarman  , Yetri Y 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Titanium and titanium alloy have been used widely in both orthopedic and orthodontic applications. Dental implant in orthodontic is utilized to replace the missing teeth through implanting them into the human jaw as a teeth root. Ti6Al4V is one of a titanium alloy that has been developed as a dental implant due to its mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and bio-compatibility. Hydroxyapatite is applied as the coating material is significantly a solution to overcome the inert properties of Ti6Al4V and becomes bioactive. The study goal is to determine the corrosion rate of Ti6Al4V ELI coated nano-sized hydroxyapatite using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method applying the 5 V voltage and in 5 minutes. The implant was soaked in a solution of artificial saliva for six weeks at fluctuated temperature, 20°C and 60°C. The results showed that the corrosion rate decreased from 1.1413 mpy to 0.4236 mpy because of hydroxyapatite coating. By the hardness properties also decreased from 318 HVN into 203 HVN. This indicated that the nano-hydroxyapatite might inhibit corrosion behavior and during corrosion process occurred the implant was not able to maintain its mechanical properties.
Dietary Inflammatory Index and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in New Caledonia
Authors: Paquet Melanie , Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R , Baron-Dubourdieu Dominique , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Guénel Pascal , Truong Thérèse 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Despite research efforts, current knowledge of the etiology of thyroid carcinoma remains limited. To explore the potential role of diet-induced inflammation, we examined the association between differentiated thyroid cancer risk and the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) in a population-based case-control study conducted in New Caledonia, a Pacific archipelago with one of the highest recorded thyroid cancer incidence rates in the world. The E-DII was computed from food frequency questionnaire information on usual dietary intake. Logistic regression analyses were performed on data from 324 histologically confirmed cases of papillary or follicular carcinoma, diagnosed from 1993 to 1999, and 402 controls. Positive associations between E-DII and thyroid cancer risk were observed (comparing extreme tertiles, odds ratio = 1.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.58; P for trend = 0.002), with stronger associations found for larger carcinomas (P for trend = 0.0005). Stratified analyses showed an increased risk of thyroid cancer associated with the E-DII among Southern province residents (P for trend = 0.003), Melanesian women (P for trend = 0.02), obese participants (P for trend = 0.006), and ever-smokers (P for trend = 0.0005). Our results suggest that a proinflammatory diet—especially when concomitant with other inflammation-inducing conditions or habits (e.g., obesity, smoking)—is associated with increased risk of thyroid carcinoma.
Public Transport Strikes and Their Relationships With Air Pollution, Mortality, and Hospital Admissions
Authors: Triguero-Mas Margarita , Martínez-Solanas Èrica , Barrera-Gómez Jose , Agis David , Pérez Noemí , Reche Cristina , Alastuey Andrés , Querol Xavier , Pérez Katherine , Basagaña Xavier 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
There is limited suggestive evidence of relationships between public transport strikes and either increased air pollution or worse population health. In this study we aimed to assess whether public transport strikes were associated with increases in health events (overall, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, and cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations). We also explored whether air pollution mediated those associations. We used data from the city of Barcelona (Spain) for the period 2005–2016 on strikes, health events, and ambient air pollution (nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm, PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm, PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1μm, number of particles with a diameter greater than 5 nm per cm3 (particle number concentration), and black carbon). We used linear and quasi-Poisson regression models to explore the associations between air pollution and public transport strikes and between public transport strikes and health outcomes. We also investigated potential causal mediation by air pollution. Overall, this study suggested that public transport strikes are associated with increased overall mortality, respiratory mortality, and respiratory hospitalizations. However, our findings suggest that such increases are not mediated by the increase in air pollution. Our results indicate the need to further investigate these relationships and potential mechanisms.
Diversity of Birds Along an Elevational Gradient in The Cordillera Central, Costa Rica
Authors: Blake John G. , Loiselle Bette A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpecies diversity and community composition of birds change rapidly along elevational gradients in Costa Rica. Such changes are of interest ecologically and illustrate the value of protecting continuous gradients of forest. We used mist nets and point counts to sample birds along an elevational gradient on the northeastern Caribbean slope of the Cordillera Central in Costa Rica. Sites included mature tropical wet forest (50 m); tropical wet, cool transition forest (500 m); tropical premontane rain forest (1,000 m); and tropical lower montane rain forest (1,500 and 2,000 m). We recorded 261 species from 40 families, including 168 species captured in mist nets (7,312 captures) and 226 detected during point counts (17,071 observations). The sample included 40 threatened species, 56 elevational migrants, and 22 latitudinal migrants. Species richness (based on rarefaction analyses) changed little from 50 to 1,000 m but was lower at 1,500 and 2,000 m. Mist nets and point counts often provided similar views of community structure among sites based on relative importance of difference categories of species (e.g. migrant status, trophic status). Nonetheless, important differences existed in numbers and types of species represented by the two methods. Ninety-three species were detected on point counts only and 35 were captured only. Ten families, including ecologically important ones such as Psittacidae and Cotingidae, were not represented by captures. Elevational migrants and threatened species occurred throughout the gradient, illustrating the need to protect forest at all elevations. A comparable study from the Cordillera de Tilarán (Young et al. 1998) demonstrated similar patterns of species change along an elevational gradient. Comparisons with that study illustrated that point counts are a valuable complement to mist-net studies. Both studies indicated the diverse nature of the avifauna along elevational gradients in Costa Rica.
Nestling Growth and Thermoregulatory Development in Subalpine Dusky Flycatchers
Authors: Pereyra Maria Elena , Morton Martin L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Dusky Flycatcher (Empidonax oberholseri), a small, open-nesting Neotropical migrant, is a relatively common summer inhabitant of subalpine environments in the western and southwestern United States. Nestling growth and development of thermoregulation were studied in a population at Tioga Pass (3,000 m) in the eastern Sierra Nevada of California. Despite the selective advantages that might be expected from accelerating rates of growth and thermoregulatory development, in an environment where the season was relatively short and cold temperatures and inclement weather were common, there was little evidence of adaptive modification in either of those parameters; growth rates were comparable to those of other tyrant flycatchers. Feather eruption began around day 5, brushing in dorsal and ventral tracts began two days later, and brushing of the flight feathers around day 9. Asymptotic body masses were attained around day 12, but nestlings did not fledge for another 4 to 5 days. The physiological development of endothermy was closely correlated with increases in body mass and accompanying decreases in surface-area-to-volume ratio and age, but was not significantly correlated with changes in plumage development, when mass and age were statistically controlled. On exposure to ambient temperatures between −3 and 5°C for 10 min (roughly twice as long as the average female bout of inattentiveness), individual nestlings were unable to prevent deep hypothermia until after day 7. Homeothermy, at 80% of adult levels, was not attained until after day 12, although broods of nestlings maintained relatively stable body temperatures as early as day 5. Whereas clutch sizes in this population generally ranged from two to four eggs, the most stable thermal environments were provided by broods of three or four chicks. Although broods of nestlings were generally able to maintain temperatures within 5°C of adult levels, temperature profiles during storms indicated a remarkable capacity for nestlings to tolerate temperatures in the nest as low as 15°C for periods as long as 4 h without apparent ill effect.
Consequences of Dominance-Mediated Habitat Segregation in American Redstarts During the Nonbreeding Season
Authors: Marra Peter P. , Holmes Richard T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeveral species of migratory songbirds exhibit a distinct form of habitat segregation while on their Neotropical wintering grounds in which males and females occupy different habitat types. In the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), that sexual habitat segregation is a result of behavioral dominance of older males. In that study, we examined whether such dominance behavior and the resulting differential habitat segregation has consequences for the condition or survival of excluded individuals. We quantified the physical condition and survival of redstarts (both males and females) occupying two habitat types that differed in the proportion of males and females present in Jamaica. Both sexes of redstarts occupying female-biased habitat lost significantly more mass over-winter and had lower annual survival and longevity compared to individuals in male-biased habitat. These results suggest that nonbreeding habitats differed in suitability, with the least suitable habitat being occupied predominately by females. Because most female redstarts are forced to over-winter in these kinds of habitats, they may often be in poor physiological condition prior to departing on spring migration for the breeding grounds. This in turn may influence dynamics of the breeding period by determining their condition and perhaps reproductive success. Furthermore, because winter habitat segregation appears to lower female survivorship, it may also limit the number and availability of breeding females. These results implicate events that occur during the nonbreeding period as playing a critical role in the annual dynamics of this migratory species.