bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional supplementation boosts aerobic exercise effects on functional brain systems
Authors: Voss Michelle W. , Sutterer Matthew , Weng Timothy B. , Burzynska Agnieszka Z. , Fanning Jason , Salerno Elizabeth , Gothe Neha P. , Ehlers Diane K. , McAuley Edward , Kramer Arthur F. 
Published: November 2018

There is growing evidence that aerobic exercise protects against age-related cognitive decline and that cardiorespiratory fitness is an important factor for these benefits. Studies also suggest that combining physical activity with cognitive enrichment is beneficial. We further examine these predictions by comparing effects of a nutritional supplement promoting exercise capacity to a lower-intensity activity with cognitive enrichment on functional network and cognitive outcomes that otherwise decline with aging. Inactive healthy older adults were randomized to one of four groups including a low-intensity activity with complex cognitive demands (dancing), walking, walking+supplement, or an active control. Results showed that walking+supplement increased salience network functional connectivity (FC), with less training benefit for default mode network FC. Although cognitive performance did not increase for any training group, participants in the walking+supplement group who were on medication that boosted key neurotransmitters (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) showed improved processing speed. Overall, this study provides new insight into how to boost the protective effects of exercise on brain systems that otherwise deteriorate with aging. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aerobic exercise effects on brain networks that otherwise decline with aging can be boosted with a nutritional supplement including beta-alanine. Beta-alanine supplementation could enhance the extent to which aerobic adaptations benefit the brain. In contrast, cognitive enrichment with low-intensity physical activity through dance did not affect functional networks. Medications that modulate neurotransmitters affected by aging (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) may modify effects of exercise on cognition.
Inhibition of HIF1α Signaling: A Grand Slam for MDS Therapy?
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Steidl Ulrich 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Summary: The recent focus on genomics in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has led to important insights and revealed a daunting genetic heterogeneity, which is presenting great challenges for clinical treatment and precision oncology approaches in MDS. Hayashi and colleagues show that multiple mutations frequently found in MDS activate HIF1α signaling, which they also found to be sufficient to induce overt MDS in mice. Furthermore, both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of HIF1α suppressed MDS development with only mild effects on normal hematopoiesis, implicating HIF1α signaling as a promising therapeutic target to tackle the heterogeneity of MDS. Cancer Discov; 8(11); 1355–7. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Hayashi et al., p. 1438.
Untangling the Role of Polycomb Complexes in Chemotherapy Resistance
Authors: Duy Cihangir , Melnick Ari 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Summary: In this issue, Maganti and colleagues described an epigenetic link between reduced abundance of Polycomb-related protein MTF2 and chemotherapy resistance in refractory acute myeloid leukemia. MTF2 deficiency impaired expression of the PRC2 complex and deposition of H3K27me3 at many genes, including the key target gene MDM2, leading to increased MDM2 expression that in turn depleted p53 and thereby conferred chemoresistance. Cancer Discov; 8(11); 1348–51. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Maganti et al., p. 1376.
Endoscopic Prediction of Tumor Invasion Depth in Early Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kang Sun Hyung , Moon Hee Seok , Sung Jae Kyu , Jeong Hyun Yong , Kim Sae Hee , Kim Ki Bae , Youn Sei Jin , Kim Sun Moon , Song Kyung Ho , Lee Seung Woo , Lee Dong Soo , Cho Young Sin , Chung Il Kwun , Bang Ki Bae 
Published: November 2018

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is a poorly differentiated cancer of the stomach. Recent studies imply that early gastric SRC can be well managed by endoscopic resection. Unfortunately, unlike differentiated cancers, the endoscopic features of early gastric SRC have not been well studied. This study evaluated the endoscopic features of early gastric SRC, as well as the risk factors for submucosal (SM) invasion. <b><i>Method:</i></b> The medical records of patients from 7 tertiary hospitals (Daejeon and Chungcheong province) were reviewed to examine endoscopic findings and clinical data. These patients underwent surgery or endoscopic resection between January 2011 and December 2016 and were divided into 2 groups (derivation group and validation group) in order to develop and validate an endoscopic scoring system for SM invasion. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 331 patients (129 in the derivation group and 202 in the validation group) were enrolled in this study. In the derivation group, the risk factors for SM invasion, namely, fold convergence, nodular mucosal change, and deep depression, were identified by logistic regression analysis (ORs 3.4, 5.9, and 6.0, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). A depth-prediction score was created by assigning 1 point for fold convergence and 2 points for other factors. When validation lesions of 0.5 point or more were diagnosed as SM invasion, the sensitivity and specificity were 76.8–78.6% and 61.6–74.7% respectively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Fold convergence, nodular mucosal change, and deep depression are risk factors for SM invasion in early gastric SRC. Our depth-prediction scoring system may be useful for differentiating SM cancers.
Clinical Validity and Reliability of the Malay Language Translations of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire and Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia Questionnaire in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Vadivelu Sangeta , Ma Zheng Feei , Ong Ean Wah , Hassan Norhaliza , Nik Hassan Nik Fariza Husna , Syed Abdul Aziz Syed Hassan , Kueh Yee Cheng , Lee Yeong Yeh 
Published: November 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERDQ) and Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia Questionnaire (QOLRAD) are reliable tools for evaluation of GERD. <b><i>Aim:</i></b> We aimed to test validity and reliability of Malay language translations of GERDQ and QOLRAD in a primary care setting. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The questionnaires were first translated into the Malay language (GERDQ-M and QOLRAD-M). Patients from primary care clinics with suspected GERD were recruited to complete GERDQ-M, QOLRAD-M, and Malay-translated 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36 or SF-36-M), and underwent endoscopy and 24-h pH-impedance test. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 104 (mean age 47.1 years, women 51.9%) participants were enrolled. The sensitivity and specificity for GERDQ-M cut-off score ≥8 were 90.2 and 77.4%, respectively. Based on this cut-off score, 54.7% had a high probability of GERD diagnosis. GERD-M score ≥8 vs. &#x3c; 8 was associated with erosive esophagitis (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), hiatus hernia (<i>p</i> = 0.03), greater DeMeester score (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and Zerbib scores for acid refluxes (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) but not non-acid refluxes (<i>p</i> = 0.1). Mean total scores of QOLRAD-M and SF-36-M were correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.74, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). GERDQ-M ≥8, erosive esophagitis, and DeMeester ≥14.72 were associated with impaired QOLRAD-M in all domains (all <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.02) but this was not seen with SF-36. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> GERDQ-M and QOLRAD-M are valid and reliable tools applicable in a primary care setting.
Vitamin D and Ulcerative Colitis: Is There a Relationship with Disease Extent?
Authors: Chetcuti Zammit Stefania , Schembri John , Pisani Anthea , Vella Sarah , Azzopardi Matthias , Skamnelos Alexandros , Christodoulou Dimitrios K. , Katsanos Konstantinos H. , Ellul Pierre 
Published: November 2018

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) can suffer from low serum vitamin D that can result in complications such as low bone mineral density. It can also reflect underlying disease severity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> One hundred and ninety-seven patients previously diagnosed with UC from 2 European centers were prospectively recruited through the out-patient clinics. Clinical features (Montreal Classification, age, gender, previous and current medications, surgery), disease activity (Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index [SCCAI]), blood investigations including serum inflammatory markers, and serum vitamin D were analyzed. The vitamin D levels were compared to a group of age- and gender-matched healthy controls. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mean vitamin D levels were lower in patients with UC (54.6 nmol/L) than in controls (80.7 nmol/L; <i>p</i> = 0.0001). Mean vitamin D levels was lowest in patients with extensive UC (E3; <i>p</i> = 0.0001). Serum vitamin D was not significantly different across treatment groups (<i>p</i> = 0.876). There was no statistical difference in vitamin D levels across patients receiving calcium and vitamin D supplements (<i>p</i> = 0.35) and there was no statistical correlation with SCCAI (<i>p</i> = 0.22). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study confirms the existence of low serum vitamin D in patients with UC when compared to healthy controls. It also provides evidence of an existing relationship between disease extent and serum vitamin D.
Застосування доплерівської флоуметрії як способу оцінки васкуляризації патологічних післяопераційних рубців шкіри обличчя
Authors: Melnychuk Yu. M. , Ohonovskyi R. Z. , Domnytskyi I. Ya. 
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи – вивчення застосування доплерівської флоуметрії як діагностичного методу для оцінки комбінованого методу профілактики утворення патологічних рубців шкіри обличчя.
Матеріали і методи. Роботу виконано на базі відділення ЩЛХ Львівської ОКЛ. Обстежено 25 пацієнтів, які в подальшому були розподілені на 2 групи. До групи порівняння (n=10) включено хворих, в яких рани загоювалися первинним натягом та не проводили жодних профілактичних процедур. До основної групи (n=15) входили пацієнти, в яких рани гоїлися первинним натягом та застосовували комбінацію сеансів ЕУХТ та аплікацій силіконового гелю “Стратадерм”.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. При контрольній доплерографії післяопераційних рубців у пацієнтів групи порівняння візуалізуються поодинокі локуси кровопостачання довкола рубця, ознак набряку чи запальної інфільтрації не виявлено.
При контрольній доплерівській флоуметрії післяопераційних рубців у пацієнтів основної групи, виявлено виражені локуси кровопостачання різної інтенсивності з наявністю живильних судинних структур по всій площі обстежуваної ділянки.
A partial cpDNA trnL sequence from the extinct legume Streblorrhiza speciosa confirms its placement in the tribe Coluteae (Fabaceae)
Authors: HEENAN PETER B. , WOOD JAMIE R. , COLE THERESA L. 
Published: November 2018

We report a partial cpDNA trnL sequence of 203 base pairs from the extinct legume Streblorrhiza speciosa that was obtained from herbarium specimens collected from Phillip Island, south-western Pacific Ocean, in 1836. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the trnL sequence of S. speciosa and those of other Fabaceae species placed S. speciosa as a member of the tribe Coluteae, along with the Australian and New Zealand genera Carmichaelia, Clianthus, Montigena and Swainsona. Smaller genetic distances and shared morphological features indicate stronger links within this group may exist between S. speciosa and Carmichaelia.
Methamphetamine use in patients presenting to emergency departments and psychiatric inpatient facilities: what are the service implications?
Authors: Unadkat Anish , Subasinghe Su , Harvey Richard J , Castle David J 
Published: November 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to understand better the service implications of patients presenting to an inner city Australian Emergency Department (ED) and Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Service (AIS) with a history of recent crystal methamphetamine use. Methods: An audit was taken of all patients with recent crystal methamphetamine use presenting to St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne ED and AIS over the month of September 2017. Recorded information included patient demographics, diagnosis, aggressive episodes, restrictive interventions and other risk incidents. Results: Methamphetamine was related to 21.7% of AIS admissions. Of these individuals, half were involved in aggression towards staff. In the ED, 65.7% of patients with amphetamine use were aggressive to staff and 50% were aggressive towards other patients. There were high rates of physical (69.2%) and mechanical restraint (61.5%) in the ED setting. Methamphetamine use in the AIS was commonly associated with enduring psychotic disorders, whilst those managed exclusively in the ED were most commonly in an acute intoxicated state. Conclusions: Methamphetamine use presents a significant challenge to EDs and acute mental health services. Additional resources are required to manage these patients and their impact on the health system needs to be factored into future service planning.
Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: Midterm Follow-up
Authors: Gaul Florian , Tírico Luís E. P. , McCauley Julie C. , Pulido Pamela A. , Bugbee William D. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation represents a biologic restoration technique as an alternative treatment option for larger osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate midterm outcomes after OCA transplantation for the treatment of OLT. Methods: Nineteen patients (20 ankles) received partial unipolar OCA transplant for symptomatic OLT between January 1998 and October 2014. The mean age was 34.7 years, and 53% were male. The average graft size was 3.8 cm2. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Outcomes included the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Module (AAOS-FAM), the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), and pain and satisfaction questionnaires. Failure of OCA was defined as conversion to arthrodesis or revision OCA transplantation. Results: Five of 20 ankles (25%) required further surgery, of which 3 (5%) were considered OCA failures (2 arthrodesis and 1 OCA revision). The mean time to failure was 3.5 (range, 0.9 to 6.7) years. Survivorship was 88.7% at 5 years and 81.3% at 10 years. The median follow-up of the 17 patients with grafts in situ was 9.7 years. The mean OMAS improved significantly from 40 points preoperatively to 71 points postoperatively ( P < .05; range, 5 to 55). The mean postoperative AAOS-FAM core score was 81.5 ± 15 (range, 40.5 to 96.6). Fifteen of 17 patients responded to follow-up questions regarding their ankle; 14 patients reported less pain and better function, and 13 patients were satisfied with the results of the procedure. Conclusion: Our study of midterm results after OCA transplantations showed that this procedure was a reasonable treatment option for large OLT. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Cat owners’ perceptions of psychoactive medications, supplements and pheromones for the treatment of feline behavior problems
Authors: Grigg Emma K , Kogan Lori R , van Haaften Karen , Kolus Cheryl 
Published: November 2018

Objectives This study assessed cat owners’ perceptions of the use of psychoactive medications and alternative products for the treatment of behavioral problems in their cats. Factors that potentially impact these perceptions were explored and discussed. Methods An online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess US-based cat owners’ experiences with behavior problems of their cats, familiarity with psychoactive medications for treatment of behavior problems and comfort levels using the following products for treatment of feline behavior problems: fast-acting or situational prescription medications, slow-acting or long-term prescription medications, herbal/nutritional supplements, pheromone products and cannabinoid products. Results Many respondents reported that their cats had behavioral problems, but few had ever sought behavioral help for their cats. Only half were aware of the availability of psychoactive medications for cat behavior problems. Respondents who had personally used a prescription psychoactive medication in the past were more comfortable with giving fast- and slow-acting prescription medications, pheromone products and cannabinoids to their cats than respondents who had never used a prescription psychoactive medication. No difference in comfort level was seen for herbal/nutritional supplements. Overall, owners tended to be more comfortable with the situational vs long-term medications. Conclusions and relevance Given the prevalence of feline behavior problems reported in this study, the lack of awareness of either the availability or potential benefits of psychoactive medications for the treatment of feline behavior problems, and the fact that very few owners had ever sought help for behavior problems with their cats, are concerning. These results suggest a missed opportunity for veterinarians to help clients identify, understand and treat feline behavior problems. Many owners appear open to these treatment options for their cats; it is suggested that, when warranted, educating cat owners about the potential benefits and risks of these medications would be of value.
Interleukin-17 Inhibition in a Patient With Psoriasis and Concurrent Vitiligo
Authors: Katz Kimberly L. , Rupley Katherine , Sink Jacquelyn , Shuley Adele , Gottlieb Alice B. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Psoriasis and vitiligo are 2 autoimmune conditions that can occur concurrently in patients. At present, no single systemic therapy has been identified to be effective in treating both the conditions. Observations: Recent advances in our understanding of the T helper (Th) 17 subset of Th cells suggests that interleukin (IL)-17 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of both vitiligo and psoriasis. We report a case of anatomically superimposed psoriatic plaques and vitiligo for which treatment with ixekizumab leads to resolution of psoriasis but did not improve the patient’s vitiligo. Conclusion: While IL-17 is highly effective in the treatment of psoriasis, it does not seem to be an effective treatment for vitiligo.
Aberrant GSK3β nuclear localization promotes AML growth and drug resistance
Authors: Ignatz-Hoover James J. , Wang Victoria , Mackowski Nathan M. , Roe Anne J. , Ghansah Isaac K. , Ueda Masumi , Lazarus Hillard M. , de Lima Marcos , Paietta Elisabeth , Fernandez Hugo , Cripe Larry , Tallman Martin , Wald David N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a devastating disease with poor patient survival. As targetable mutations in AML are rare, novel oncogenic mechanisms are needed to define new therapeutic targets. We identified AML cells that exhibit an aberrant pool of nuclear glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). This nuclear fraction drives AML growth and drug resistance. Nuclear, but not cytoplasmic, GSK3β enhances AML colony formation and AML growth in mouse models. Nuclear GSK3β drives AML partially by promoting nuclear localization of the NF-κB subunit, p65. Finally, nuclear GSK3β localization has clinical significance as it strongly correlates to worse patient survival (n = 86; hazard ratio = 2.2; P &lt; .01) and mediates drug resistance in cell and animal models. Nuclear localization of GSK3β may define a novel oncogenic mechanism in AML and represent a new therapeutic target.
Innate lymphoid cells in the upper airways: importance of CD117 and IL-1RI expression
Authors: Van Crombruggen Koen , Taveirne Sylvie , Holtappels Gabriele , Leclercq Georges , Bachert Claus 
Published: November 2018

Although type 1, 2 and 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s, respectively) are emerging as important cell populations regulating tissue homeostasis, remodelling and inflammation, a vast majority of our knowledge stems fromin vitroand murine experiments, and requires thorough confirmation in human diseases.Relative levels of ILCs were evaluated by means of flow cytometry in freshly resected human upper airways mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), taking into account the patient's clinical parameters and disease comorbidities.We report that the CD117 and interleukin-receptor type I (IL-1RI) expression status of human ILC2s depends on the local tissue environment. Only CD117+IL-1RI+ILC2s, exclusively present in CRSwNP, possess an interrelationship with type 2 T-helper cell cytokine and eosinophil levels in human upper airway mucosa. In CRSsNP, mainly CD117−IL-1RI−ILC2s are increased, yielding lower eosinophilia in this disease despite the high levels of ILC2s.These data unveil that the CD117−and CD117+fractions within the native human ILC2 population are not a random phenomenon, in contrast to what could be concluded fromin vitrodata, and that the IL-1RI expression is not ubiquitous in ILC2sin vivoin humans, which cannot be assessedvia in vitroand murine experiments.
Spread of the florfenicol resistance floR gene among clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in China
Authors: Lu Junwan , Zhang Jinfang , Xu Lei , Liu Yabo , Li Pingping , Zhu Tingyuan , Cheng Cong , Lu Shunfei , Xu Teng , Yi Huiguang , Li Kewei , Zhou Wu , Li Peizhen , Ni Liyan , Bao Qiyu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background
Florfenicol is a derivative of chloramphenicol that is used only for the treatment of animal diseases. A key resistance gene for florfenicol, floR, can spread among bacteria of the same and different species or genera through horizontal gene transfer. To analyze the potential transmission of resistance genes between animal and human pathogens, we investigated floR in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patient samples. floR in human pathogens may originate from animal pathogens and would reflect the risk to human health of using antimicrobial agents in animals.

Methods
PCR was used to identify floR-positive strains. The floR genes were cloned, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined to assess the relative resistance levels of the genes and strains. Sequencing and comparative genomics methods were used to analyze floR gene-related sequence structure as well as the molecular mechanism of resistance dissemination.

Results
Of the strains evaluated, 20.42% (67/328) were resistant to florfenicol, and 86.96% (20/23) of the floR-positive strains demonstrated high resistance to florfenicol with MICs ≥512 μg/mL. Conjugation experiments showed that transferrable plasmids carried the floR gene in three isolates. Sequencing analysis of a plasmid approximately 125 kb in size (pKP18–125) indicated that the floR gene was flanked by multiple copies of mobile genetic elements. Comparative genomics analysis of a 9-kb transposon-like fragment of pKP18–125 showed that an approximately 2-kb sequence encoding lysR-floR-virD2 was conserved in the majority (79.01%, 83/105) of floR sequences collected from NCBI nucleotide database. Interestingly, the most similar sequence was a 7-kb fragment of plasmid pEC012 from an Escherichia coli strain isolated from a chicken.

Conclusions
Identified on a transferable plasmid in the human pathogen K. pneumoniae, the floR gene may be disseminated through horizontal gene transfer from animal pathogens. Studies on the molecular mechanism of resistance gene dissemination in different bacterial species of animal origin could provide useful information for preventing or controlling the spread of resistance between animal and human pathogens.