bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-based outcomes of slipped capital femoral epiphysis after treatment with in-situ percutaneous fixation
Authors: Tshepang Phiri , Anthony Robertson , Dina Simmons 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Percutaneous in situ fixation with a single screw is regarded as safe and remains the gold standard of treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). However, reliance is based on subsequent remodeling of the femoral neck. Healing in a non-anatomic position may predispose the patient to femoral-acetabular impingement (FAI) and degenerative arthritis of the hip. Consequently, some surgeons advocate for surgical hip dislocation and reduction of severe SCFE. This study aimed to assess patient-based outcomes after in situ pinning.

Methods: Twenty-six patients (36 hips) with SCFE treated at our institution between 2011 and 2016 were included in this retrospective study. Patients with less than two years’ follow-up and those without prior radiographs were excluded. Hips were radiologically classified into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe SCFE. Outcome measures included a modified Harris Hip Score and Visual Analogue Pain Score.

Results: There were no cases of avascular necrosis in both mild and moderate slips treated with in situ pinning. Only one avascular necrosis (AVN) was reported out of eleven severe slips (9.1%). This is significantly lower than previous studies that evaluated in situ pinning in severe slips. In addition, one FAI case developed in eleven severe slips (9.1%).

Conclusion: Our results suggest that in situ percutaneous pinning is safe and has a low complication rate. High patient satisfaction in pain and function suggests that remodeling is effective regardless of the severity of the slip.
The Relationship Between Knowledge Level and Attitudes of Mothers of Toddlers Towards Visits to Posyandu In Janti Village, Tarik District, Sidoarjo
Authors: Sutatik Yuning , Wittiarika Ivon Diah , Djuari Lilik 
Published: November 2024

One of the objectives of the Posyandu program is to reduce nutritional problems. The rate of malnutrition in Sidoarjo Regency is 3.8%, at the Tarik Health Center it is 0.13%, and in Janti Village, it reaches 5.13%. Malnutrition negatively impacts toddler growth. In 2023, the visit rate of toddlers to Posyandu in Janti Village was low, at only 32.1% of the total number of toddlers in the village, resulting in suboptimal monitoring of their growth. One factor influencing mothers' visits to Posyandu is their knowledge and attitude.This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design, aiming to analyze the relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of mothers of toddlers towards visits to Posyandu in Janti Village, Tarik District, Sidoarjo. The population consisted of 224 mothers of toddlers, with a sample of 70 respondents selected randomly through random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers towards Posyandu, as well as attendance records at Posyandu, and analyzed using Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact tests.Most respondents were aged 25-34 years (72.9%), had completed high school education (50.5%), and were housewives (62.6%). They generally possessed good knowledge about Posyandu (68.6%) or adequate knowledge (31.4%). Regarding visitation, 64.3% were active and 35.7% were inactive. This suggests that positive knowledge and attitudes towards Posyandu significantly influence visitation rates, supported by statistically significant results with a p-value of 0.001 (≤ 0.05).There exists a relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers towards visits to Posyandu.
Social determinants of health and impact on quality of life in adolescents during a pandemic
Authors: Mesquita Kirley Kethellen Batista , Pinheiro Patrícia Neyva da Costa , Lima Francisca Elisângela Teixeira , Fernandes Andrea Rodriguez Lannes , Almeida Paulo César , Filho Valter Cordeiro Barbosa , Campos Regina Kelly Guimarães Gomes , Santos Miguel Henrique da Silva dos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Social Determinants of Health (SDH) are linked to individuals' living conditions, influencing their Quality of Life (QoL).
Objectives This study aimed to explore the association between SDH and QoL among Brazilian adolescents infected with COVID-19.
Methodology This cross-sectional study analyzed 235 adolescents from 89 cities in a northeastern state of Brazil, registered in the Unified Health System's notification system. Statistical tests, including the Levene test for variance equality, Student's t-test, and ANOVA with a 95% confidence interval, were used, supplemented by the Games-Howell multiple comparison test. The study found lower scores in vitality and mental health domains. Males showed higher scores across all domains (p<0.001).
Results Adolescents aged 10 to 14 scored higher in the vitality domain. Those who engaged in physical activity had better scores in general health, vitality, and mental health domains. Adolescents with sleep difficulties had lower scores in pain, general health, vitality, and mental health domains. Additionally, those living with high-risk individuals had lower scores in vitality and mental health domains.
Conclusion SDH related to demographic factors, physical activity, and sleep quality significantly impacted adolescents' QoL, particularly affecting vitality and mental health.
A novel approach for phyto-synthesis of silver nanoparticles using floral extract of Punica Granatum for potent anti-cancerous and antibacterial capabilities
Authors: Shrivastava Sumit K , Kulshreshtha Asita , Gangwar Rajesh K. , Srivast Shikha , Kumar Saurabh , Banerjee Monisha , Chaudhary Dhirendra K. , Kumari Dimple 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Synthesis of safest and non-toxic nanoparticles for biomedical applications in various fields of science & Technology remained a vast challenge for researchers. This work aims to create, analyze, and examine the antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles that are synthesized utilizing the floral extract of Punica Granatum as both a stabilizing and reducing agent. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution was reduced using Punica Granatum flower extract which led to the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (PG-AgNPs) solution. The PG-AgNPs were examined and characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR, FE-SEM, XRD, and EDX methodologies. Besides this anti-bacterial & anti-cancerous property were also studied. The results of FE-SEM analysis revealed that majority of the phytosynthesized PG-AgNPs had spherical shape and were evenly dispersed with a diameter of nearly 27.33 nm. EDX results revealed the relative presence of different elements, biomolecules, and capping agents. Additionally, synthesised silver nanoparticles had anti-cancer potential, with an IC50 of ~ 13 µg. E. coli and S. aureus were tested for silver nanoparticle antimicrobial efficacy. Phytosynthesized PG-AgNPs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were very effective. A new chemotherapeutic medication or innovative supplement to treat various forms of human cancer may be developed after the comprehensive clinical trial using PG-AgNPs containing Punica Granatum flower aqueous extract.
Double Self-Attention Based Fully Connected Feature Pyramid Network for Field Crop Pest Detection
Authors: Gao Zijun , Li Zheyi , Zhang Chunqi , Wang Ying , Su Jingwen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Pest detection techniques are helpful in reducing the frequency and scale of pest outbreaks, but their application in practical agricultural production processes is still challenging due to the problems of interspecies similarity, multi-scale and background complexity of pests. To address the above problems, this paper proposes an FD-YOLO pest target detection model. The FD-YOLO model uses the Fully Connected FPN (FC-FPN) instead of a PANet in the neck, which can adaptively fuse multi-scale features and enhance the reuse of effective features. Then the Double Self-Attention (DSA) module is embedded in the C3 module of the neck FPN, which can link feature information in both spatial and channel dimensions, and effectively enhance the global features. We select 16 types of pests that widely damage field crops in the IP102 pest dataset as our dataset after data supplementation and data enhancement. The experimental results show that the FD-YOLO model of mAP@0.5 is 82.6%, mAP@0.5–0.95 is 48.7%, the precision is 85%, and the recall is 76.8%. 6.8%, 4.8%, 5.6% and 5.9% respectively over the benchmark model YOLOv5. and outperforms several other state-of-the-art methods, including SSD, ConvNeXt, and Faster RCNN.
Spatiotemporal variability of blockings in the Euro-Atlantic region and their impact on the occurrence of heat waves and cold spells in Poland
Authors: Bednorz Ewa , Tomczyk Arkadiusz M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The spatiotemporal variability and trends of atmospheric blockings over the Euro-Atlantic region and their influence on the occurrence of the persisting extreme temperature conditions in Poland namely heat waves (HWs) and cold spells (CSs) during the period 1978–2023 were analyzed. Blockings were identified at 500 hPa geopotential level, using the meridional geopotential gradient method, supplemented with the quantile filter and persistence filter, using reanalysis data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Physical Science Laboratory (NCEP-DOE AMIP-II R-2). HWs and CSs were defined as sequences of at least 3 days with the maximum air temperature above 30°C or below − 10°C, respectively based on data obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW – PIB) for the period 1978–2022 across 37 stations in Poland. The climatology of Euro-Atlantic blocking occurrence in the zonal belt between 45 and 75 degrees in the northern hemisphere exhibits high spatiotemporal variability. Blocking structures are most frequent in the spring, particularly in May. A secondary peak of frequency is observed in July when the Ural blocking exhibits 15% frequency. Patterns of trends in blocking occurrence are variable and the strongest signals of changes are observed in spring. The occurrence of HWs in Poland is constantly accompanied by blocking situations, most often located northeast of Poland, while the winter CSs are associated with the blockings located over the North Atlantic and northern Scandinavia.
Identification of a drought stress response module in tomato plants commonly induced by fungal endophytes that confer increased drought tolerance
Authors: Ortega-Villaizán Adrián González , King Eoghan , Patel Manish Kumar , Rodríguez-Dobreva Estefanía , González-Teuber Marcia , Ramos Patricio , Vicente-Carbajosa Jesús , Benito Begoña , Pollmann Stephan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Global climate change exacerbates abiotic stresses, as drought, heat, and salt stresses are anticipated to increase significantly in the coming years. Plants coexist with a diverse range of microorganisms. Multiple inter-organismic relationships are known to confer benefits to plants, including growth promotion and enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the mutualistic interactions between 3 fungal endophytes originally isolated from distinct arid environments and an agronomically relevant crop, Solanum lycopersicum. We demonstrated a significant increase in shoot biomass under drought conditions in co-cultivation with Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from Antarctica, Penicillium minioluteum isolated from the Atacama Desert, Chile, and Serendipita indica isolated from the Thar Desert, India. To elucidate plant gene modules commonly induced by the different endophytes that could explain the observed drought tolerance effect in tomato, a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis was conducted. This analysis led to the identification of a shared gene module in the fungus-infected tomato plants. Within this module, gene network analysis enabled us to identify genes related to abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, ABA transport, auxin signaling, ion homeostasis, proline biosynthesis, and jasmonic acid signaling, providing insights into the molecular basis of drought tolerance commonly mediated by fungal endophytes. Our findings highlight a conserved response in the mutualistic interactions between endophytic fungi isolated from unrelated environments and tomato roots, resulting in improved shoot biomass production under drought stress.
Synthesis and Characterization of biodegradable Polyurethane/CuS Nanocomposites for Agricultural application
Authors: S Poornima , L Yashaswini V , K Roopa , S Madhukar B , A Sangamesha M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Polyurethane (PU) is one of the important industrial polymers. PU and its composites can be used in different applications. This paper examines the potential of PU/copper sulfide (CuS) NCs for application as green mulching films in agriculture. Castor oil-based PU NCs were fabricated by varying the CuS concentration viz., 0.0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% and 8.0%. The NCs were characterized for microcrystalline nature by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy used for examining spectral characteristics, morphological assessment by Scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The NCs were characterized for tensile properties, which revealed that a 4% PU/CuS NC exhibited high elongation at break of 399.72 MPa, suitable for mulching applications. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to examine the thermal stability and degradation. The chemical resistance and water absorption were evaluated in various atmosphere. The biodegradability was investigated through the soil and cow dung burial test. The pot study experiment is conducted to investigate the effect of NC on growth rate of the plants, which showed that beans treated with PU/CuS NCs showed a 43% increase in height within 7 days and a 32% increase within 35 days, with an increase of about 62.5% in leaf width within 7 days and continues to increase until the 35th day and shows considerably more branches and stem diameter than the control. This work concludes that PU/CuS NCs have high potential as green mulching films for application in agriculture.
Sequence- and chemical specificity define the functional landscape of intrinsically disordered regions
Authors: Holehouse Alex , Langstein-Skora Iris , Schmid Andrea , Huth Frauke , Shabani Drin , Spechtenhauser Lorenz , Likhodeeva Mariia , Kunert Franziska , Metzner Felix , Emenecker Ryan , Richardon Mary , Aftap Wasim , Götz Maximilian , Payer Sarah , Pietrantoni Niccoló , Sjeničić Valentina , Ravichandran Sakthi , Bartke Till , Hopfner Karl-Peter , Gerland Ulrich , Korber Philipp 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) pervasively engage in essential molecular functions, yet they are often poorly conserved as assessed by sequence alignment. To understand the seeming paradox of how sequence variability is compatible with persistent function, we examined the functional determinants for a poorly conserved but essential IDR. We show that IDR function depends on two distinct but related properties: sequence- and chemical specificity. While sequence-specificity works via linear binding motifs, chemical specificity reflects the sequence-encoded chemistry of multivalent interactions through amino acids across an IDR. Unexpectedly, a binding motif that is essential in the wild-type IDR can be removed if compensatory changes to the sequence chemistry are made, highlighting the orthogonality and interoperability of both properties and providing a much deeper sequence space compatible with function. Our results provide a general framework to understand the functional constraints on IDR sequence evolution.
The Proneural Transcription Factor Atoh1 Promotes Odontogenic/Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs)
Authors: Sabatini Camila , Lin Huey-Jiun , Ovik Galib , Hall Richard , Lee Techung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Developmentally regulated transcription factors constitute the gene regulatory networks driving cell fate determination. Atonal homolog 1 (Atoh1) is a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family essential for neurogenesis in the cerebellum, auditory hair cell differentiation, and intestinal stem cell specification. The functional versatility of Atoh1 prompted us to test the possibility that Atoh1 may intersect the dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) gene regulatory network governing odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation. DPSCs were isolated from human dental pulps and amplified in culture. DPSCs were treated with a replication-deficient adenoviral vector to achieve robust expression of Atoh1, following which cells were maintained in a growth or osteogenic medium. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to measure gene expression. L-Lactate from spent medium was quantified to assess glycolytic flux. Enzyme assays were carried out to evaluate glycolysis and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Alizarin Red staining was used to assess matrix mineralization. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results
DPSCs harboring the Atoh1 expression vector exhibited an over 3,000-fold increase in the expression of Atoh1 compared to the negative control, leading to increased DPSC proliferation in the growth medium (P < 0.05). In the osteogenic medium, Atoh1 induced BMP2 and Wnt signaling, which is accompanied by up to 8-fold increased expression of the master osteogenic transcription factor Osterix (P < 0.005) while exhibiting no effect on Runx2. Atoh1 stimulated the expression of type I collagen (P < 0.005), bone sialoprotein (P < 0.001), dentin matrix protein 1 (P < 0.05), dentin sialophosphoprotein (P < 0.005), and Osteopontin (P < 0.001), resulting in increased dentin matrix mineralization (P < 0.05). The odontogenic/osteogenic phenotype is associated with metabolic remodeling marked by enhanced glycolytic flux and attenuated mitochondrial metabolic activities.
Conclusions
Atoh1, despite being a proneural transcription factor in development, possesses a novel odontogenic/osteogenic function upon ectopic expression in DPSCs. This in vitro study demonstrates a novel odontogenic/osteogenic mechanism mediated by ectopic expression of the transcription factor Atoh1 in human DPSCs. The finding may offer an innovative strategy for enhanced regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex.
Finite Element Analysis of Different Cephalomedullary Nail Treatments for Basicervical Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Gao Yang , Chen Xinxiao , Cao Changpeng , Xing Haiyang , Du Zhipeng , Cao Faxin , Bao Tianqi , Huang Guanning , Wang Gang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Cephalomedullary nail (CMN) is an ideal internal implant for the treatment of Basicervical femoral neck fracture (BFNF). This study uses finite element analysis techniques to compare the biomechanical characteristics of three types of CMN systems, namely proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) InterTAN and proximal femur bionic nail (PFBN), in fixing BFNF using three cannulated screws (CSs) as controls, and analyzed their clinical significance.
Method
Based on femoral CT and internal implant data, a finite element analysis model for BFNF internal fixation was established: CSs, PFNA, InterTAN, and PFBN. The three types of loads, namely one-legged stance, torsion the femoral head, and walking, were simulated based on reference literature to obtain extreme values and cloud maps of data, including stress on fracture fragments and internal fixation devices, pressure between fracture surfaces, separation displacement, and sliding displacement. The biomechanical characteristics of different internal fixation devices were compared and analyzed.
Results
The finite element analysis data showed that in the one-legged stance group, the stress between the InterTAN fracture block and the internal fixation device, the extreme value of the pressure and sliding displacement between the fracture surfaces were lower than those of the other three models; In the femoral head torsion group, InterTAN had lower extreme values for both femoral head torsion displacement and fracture surface sliding displacement. The extreme values of separation displacement are second only to PFBN. In the walking exercise group, the extreme values of all indicators in InterTAN were lower than those in other models.
Conclusion
Compared with PFNA and PFBN, InterTAN has better anti rotation ability and anti-inversion deformity ability, can provide better stability and safety, and provide guarantees for early functional exercise. This study provides clinical reference significance for the use of InterTAN in the treatment of BFNF.
Failure Analysis and Size Optimization of CFRP Composite Single-lap Bonded Joints Based on the Influence of Multiple Parameters
Authors: Yang Kang , Liu Ziyi , Qi Xin , Li Pengyang , Ji Shude , Liu Peng , Liu Zhipeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This paper had conducted tensile shear tests on single-lap joints (SLJs)bonded structures of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix (CFRP) composite laminates with different overlap lengths, overlap widths, overlap model, adherend material, and adhesive layer thicknesses under two environments: room temperature dry state (RTD) and elevated temperature wet state (ETW). The failure modes were observed, and load-displacement curves were obtained. The microscopic morphology of the fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). At the same time, a finite element simulation model was established to simulate the damage initiation and evolution process between layers and in the adhesive layer, and analyze the distribution laws of peel stress and shear stress in the adhesive layer. Through the combination of test data and simulation results, the influences of geometric parameters, material parameters and environmental parameters on the structure were explored, and the joint failure mechanism was revealed. Finally, the ACO-BP neural network was used to optimize the geometric parameters through test data. The research results showed that the geometric parameters of the structure mainly affect the bearing capacity and failure type. Reducing the overlap length and increasing the overlap width within a certain range can weaken the peeling phenomenon, so that a smaller overlap area has a higher shear strength. The material parameters of the adherend mainly affect the stress distribution law and stress transfer process of the adhesive layer in the overlap area. The joint mainly bore shear stress and peel stress, and shear stress is the main cause of damage initiation. When the types of adherend materials are different, the stress distribution law shows obvious asymmetric offset. The lap model mainly affects the location distribution of the failure area, and the environmental parameters mainly affect the area proportion relationship of various fracture forms in the mixed failure mode.