bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasoseptal Flap Enhancement on Early Postoperative MRI Does Not Predict 3-Month Enhancement nor Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Risk
Authors: Pahlevani Mehrdad , Mukhaelyan Artak , Angel Keila , Mallari Regin Jay , Griffiths Chester , Kelly Daniel F. , Barkhoudarian Garni 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The nasoseptal flap (NSF) has been a versatile reconstructive option for extended endonasal skull base surgery, significantly decreasing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage rates. One failure mechanism of concern is NSF necrosis. It has been postulated that immediate postoperative MRI flap enhancement can predict flap necrosis. This retrospective study analyzes NSF enhancement to assess for flap viability and CSF leakage.

METHODS:
Patients from 2012 to 2020 who underwent extended endoscopic endonasal surgery with NSF reconstruction were assessed. Immediate postoperative MRI and delayed 3-month MRI were compared for NSF enhancement. Enhancement was graded as no enhancement, partial, or complete enhancement. Patient demographics, tumor type, intraoperative CSF leak grade, and postoperative CSF leakage were assessed based on flap enhancement patterns.

RESULTS:
Of 713 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery, 64 required NSF reconstruction. On the immediate postoperative MRI, 45 patients (70%) had complete flap enhancement, 9 (14%) had partial, and 10 (16%) no enhancement. On the 3-month MRI, 59 patients (92%) had complete flap enhancement and 5 (8%) had partial enhancement. There was significant improvement of flap enhancement between immediate postoperative and 3-month MRI (P = .002). All patients with no initial enhancement had complete enhancement at 3 months. Of those with partial enhancement, 2 remained partial and 7 had complete enhancement at 3 months. Overall, 44 patients (69%) had no change between MRI scans, 17 (27%) improved, and 3 (5%) had decreased enhancement. There was no correlation between intraoperative CSF leak rates and flap enhancement. Four patients had postoperative CSF leaks, 2 having complete immediate enhancement, 1 partial, and 1 without enhancement (P = .85).

CONCLUSION:
Overall, immediate postoperative MRI NSF enhancement (or lack thereof) did not predict enhancement at the 3-month MRI and did not correlate with postoperative CSF leakage. Hence, one should not rely solely on postoperative flap enhancement to assess the viability of the dural reconstruction.
The Fairness of Credit Scoring Models
Authors: Hurlin Christophe , Pérignon Christophe , Saurin Sébastien 
Published: November 2024

In credit markets, screening algorithms aim to discriminate between good-type and bad-type borrowers. However, when doing so, they can also discriminate between individuals sharing a protected attribute (e.g., gender, age, racial origin) and the rest of the population. This can be unintentional and originate from the training data set or from the model itself. We show how to formally test the algorithmic fairness of scoring models and how to identify the variables responsible for any lack of fairness. We then use these variables to optimize the fairness-performance tradeoff. Our framework provides guidance on how algorithmic fairness can be monitored by lenders, controlled by their regulators, improved for the benefit of protected groups, while still maintaining a high level of forecasting accuracy. This paper was accepted by Will Cong, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution (ACPR) Chair in Regulation and Systemic Risk, the Fintech Chair at Dauphine-PSL University, and the French National Research Agency (ANR) [MLEforRisk ANR-21-CE26-0007, Ecodec ANR-11-LABX-0047, and F-STAR ANR-17-CE26-0007-01]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03888 .
Estresses (im)predizíveis no ciclo de vida familiar em famílias negras brasileiras
Authors: Damascena Ozório Claudina 
Published: November 2024

Neste estudo, apresenta-se alguns estresses (im)predizíveis como gravidez na adolescência, morte abrupta e separação que fizeram parte do ciclo vital familiar das famílias negras entrevistadas. Com o objetivo de identificar como foram manejadas as transições ao longo do ciclo vital, diante de tais estresses, foi feita uma entrevista semiestruturada com 3 famílias negras, representadas pelas mães. Como método de análise foi realizada a análise categorial de conteúdo das entrevistas e, de forma complementar, utilizou-se o software IRaMuTeQ para análise textual. Nos resultados foi possível perceber que as situações racistas podem ser consideradas estresses impredizíveis, porém podem ser consierados previsíveis e esperadas ao longo do ciclo vital familiar das participantes e sobrecarregaram emocionalmente o sistema familiar. Com isso, a cada situação vivenciada, as mães precisaram se adaptar ao novo contexto pós estresse, readequando projetos de vida e tendo de lidar com as consequências. O estudo contribui para as áreas de psicologia clínica e do desenvolvimento, promovendo reflexões sobre as complexidades em torno das famílias negras. Além disso, os resultados da pesquisa podem colaborar para a construção de ferramentas teórico-práticas para a intervenção, visando a promoção de saúde e bem-estar emocional de famílias afro-brasileiras.
“Behavioural and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among post-menopausal women: A cross-sectional study in Itahari sub-metropolitan city of Nepal”
Authors: Khatri Suraksha , Yadav Deepak Kumar , Ghimire Anup , Baral Dharanidhar , Yadav Birendra Kumar , Pokharel Paras Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Background and objectives
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are main cause of mortality and morbidity among women globally. Menopause, aging and different factors in collaboration leads to increased risk for CVDs among postmenopausal women but study on risk factors of CVDs among postmenopausal women is limited in Nepal. Therefore, we aimed to assess prevalence of behavioural and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease among post-menopausal women.

Materials & methods
Community based cross-sectional study was carried among 390 post-menopausal women of the Itahari sub-metropolitan city. Multistage simple random sampling technique was used to collect data. Modified semi structured questionnaire STEP I, STEP II and STEP III was used as data collection tool. SPSS version 11.5 used for data analysis. Chi-square test and logistic regressions were performed at 95% confidence interval to find predictors of raised blood pressure and overweight/obesity.

Results
The mean age of respondents was 63.37 years. The prevalence of current smokers, current alcohol use, less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day, low level of physical activity, overweight/obesity and raised blood pressure was 9.2%, 18.2%, 86.4%, 52.3%, 56.2% and 44.4% respectively. On multivariate analysis strong predictors of overweight obesity were age ≤59 years (AOR: 3.21, CI 1.49–6.89), poor economic status (AOR: 1.764, CI: 1.120–2.779) and low physical activity (AOR: 2.132, CI: 1.350–3.370). Predictors of raised blood pressure were age ≥75 years (AOR: 2.04, CI: 1.01–4.11), unmarried and widow (AOR: 1.815, CI: 1.108–2.971), higher economic status (AOR: 1.752, CI: 1.119–2.740) and smoking (AOR: 4.109, CI: 1.737–9.718).

Conclusion
Prevalence of behavioural and metabolic risk factors among postmenopausal women in Itahari sub-metropolitan city were alarmingly high. This calls for an early need of intervention and policies at local, provincial and institutional level to address risk factors of CVDs.
Capability and accuracy of usual statistical analyses in a real-world setting using a federated approach
Authors: Jégou Romain , Bachot Camille , Monteil Charles , Boernert Eric , Chmiel Jacek , Boucher Mathieu , Pau David 
Published: November 2024

Methods
The objective of this project was to determine the capability of a federated analysis approach using DataSHIELD to maintain the level of results of a classical centralized analysis in a real-world setting. This research was carried out on an anonymous synthetic longitudinal real-world oncology cohort randomly splitted in three local databases, mimicking three healthcare organizations, stored in a federated data platform integrating DataSHIELD. No individual data transfer, statistics were calculated simultaneously but in parallel within each healthcare organization and only summary statistics (aggregates) were provided back to the federated data analyst.
Descriptive statistics, survival analysis, regression models and correlation were first performed on the centralized approach and then reproduced on the federated approach. The results were then compared between the two approaches.

Results
The cohort was splitted in three samples (N1 = 157 patients, N2 = 94 and N3 = 64), 11 derived variables and four types of analyses were generated. All analyses were successfully reproduced using DataSHIELD, except for one descriptive variable due to data disclosure limitation in the federated environment, showing the good capability of DataSHIELD. For descriptive statistics, exactly equivalent results were found for the federated and centralized approaches, except some differences for position measures. Estimates of univariate regression models were similar, with a loss of accuracy observed for multivariate models due to source database variability.

Conclusion
Our project showed a practical implementation and use case of a real-world federated approach using DataSHIELD. The capability and accuracy of common data manipulation and analysis were satisfying, and the flexibility of the tool enabled the production of a variety of analyses while preserving the privacy of individual data. The DataSHIELD forum was also a practical source of information and support. In order to find the right balance between privacy and accuracy of the analysis, set-up of privacy requirements should be established prior to the start of the analysis, as well as a data quality review of the participating healthcare organization.
Postnatal cord care practices and associated factors in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Teferi Zinabu Birhan , Tesema Kasahun Fikadu , Ukke Gebresilasea Gendisha , Tsegay Guesh Mebrahtom , Yhdego Freweyni Fisshatsion , Gebremariam Goitom Girmay 
Published: November 2024

Background
Cord care is one component of essential newborn care that reduces newborn morbidity and mortality. Poor cord care practice leads to a large amount of neonatal death due to infection. In Ethiopia, many women give birth at home, where neonates are exposed to unclean cord care practices or application of different traditional substances. Despite the severity of the problem, studies related to postnatal cord care practice are scarce. Hence, this study is aimed to assess umbilical cord care practices and associated factors in the postnatal period in Arba Minch town.

Objective
To assess postnatal cord care practices and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in the last six months in Arba Minch Town, southern Ethiopia, 2019.

Methods
Cross-sectional study design was conducted and using simple random sampling method 423 mothers who gave birth with in the last six months in Arba Minch town from November 11 to December 02, 2019, were selected. Data was collected using structured questionnaire administered by the interviewer. EpiData version 4.4 was used for data entry and SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Variables with p ≤ 0.25 in bivarible logistic regressions were considered as potential candidates for multivariable logistic regression analysis to control confounders. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% confidence interval was applied in multivariable logistic regression models, to identify variable, which has significant association.

Results
The overall proportion of women who had good postnatal cord care was 67.1%. The maternal age group of 25 to 29 years (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.35–4.68), maternal educational status of secondary school and above (AOR = 4.19; 95% CI: 2.05–8.54), mothers with good knowledge of cord care (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.03–3.05), and health facility delivery (AOR = 2.60; 95%CI: 1.05–6.41) were independent factors associated with good cord care.

Conclusions
The proportion of good cord-care practice reported in this study was relatively worthy. Maternal age group of 25–29 years, maternal educational status of secondary school and above, having good knowledge of cord care, and delivering at health facility were factors that increased good postnatal cord care practice. Therefore, investing in improving these factors would positively affect maternal postnatal cord care practice. In order to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality, routine counseling of cord care practice to mothers would attain good knowledge about postnatal cord care practices. Community health education would also increase awareness and practice of postnatal cord care.
Poverty induced inequality in nutrition among children born during 2010–2021 in India
Authors: Khan Junaid , Mohanty Sanjay K. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Almost two-fifth of the children in India is stunted and among various factors, poverty differential in child undernutrition is the largest. Using the latest population-based survey of National Family Health Survey, 2015–16 and 2019–21 this paper examined the poverty induced inequality in child stunting across the sub-populations of India.

Methods
A sample of 213,136 children aged between 0–5 years from NFHS fourth round and 98,222 children in the same age group from the NFHS fifth round constitute the study sample. The wealth index is used as the proxy of household’s economic wellbeing and height-for-age (HAZ) z-score of a child is used to identify the stunting status of the child. Box plots are drawn to understand the distributional characteristics of the HAZ score for both the study sample. We calculate the Erreygers corrected concentration index and decomposed the concentration indices using Gonzalo-Almorox and Urbanos-Garrido method.

Results
During 2015–16, more than half of the children from the poorest wealth quintile were stunted (52%), compared to 22% among the children from richest wealth quintile. In 2015–16, stunting was as high as 65% among the children of mothers with low stature (height less than 145 cm) and from the poorest wealth quintile whereas, the prevalence was observed 56% from the same sub-population during 2019–21. Among various factors, the concentration index of stunting was observed highest among the children of 36–47 months (-0.28) followed by children of age 48–59 months (-0.27) and among the fully immunized children (-0.25). Similar to NFHS-4, NFHS-5 also shows a predominantly higher socio-economic inequality among 24+ months children and among the fully immunised children. Factors like child age, birth order and sanitation showed positive elasticity. Decomposition analysis of NFHS-4 data shows that due to uneven distribution of wealth, mother’s education as a determinant of child stunting solely explained 33% of the overall inequality followed by improved access to sanitation (24%), mother’s height (8%) and place of residence (5%). Similar to NFHS-4, NFHS-5 data also shows that mother’s education, sanitation, mother’s height and place of residence predominantly contributes to the overall wealth inequality in child stunting.

Conclusions
In India, poverty differential in child undernutrition is acute among the different sub-population of children. And the concentration of stunted children is higher among the different sub-population with higher wealth poverty. Mother’s education, improved sanitation and mother’s height explained larger variation in the overall inequalities in child nutrition across India.
Effects of Er:YAG laser debonding on changes in the properties of dental zirconia
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Dong Haitao , Wu Xiaomin , Li Qian , Zhao Jizhi , Guo Chunlan 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
To investigate changes in the optical and mechanical properties of novel zirconia ceramics applied in dentistry after Er:YAG laser debonding and to evaluate the feasibility and value of reusing zirconia restorations debonded by an Er:YAG laser.

Methods
Four types of zirconia ceramics were investigated: self-glazed zirconia (SGZ), 3Y-TZP, 4Y-PSZ and 5Y-PSZ. Forty rectangular (25 mm*8 mm*1.5 mm) specimens were fabricated for each zirconia type, and a total of 160 specimens were manufactured. The zirconia specimens were divided into four subgroups according to the applied Er:YAG laser debonding process: the control group, 4 W laser group, 5 W laser group, and 6 W laser group. For each subgroup, 10 specimens were subjected to color tests (color difference (△E) and transparency parameter (TP) tests) and subsequent mechanical tests (flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (EM), Vickers hardness (VH) and surface roughness (Ra) tests). The △E, TP, FS, EM, VH and Ra values were measured and calculated. One random sample from each subgroup was observed by SEM. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc comparisons (α = 0.05).

Results
The △E and TP values after Er:YAG laser debonding were not significantly different among the subgroups (P > 0.05). However, the 6 W laser group had the highest △E and lowest TP. The ranges of changes in △E and TP were below the clinically detectable threshold (△E = 1.2, △TP = 1.33). In terms of the mechanical properties, there were no significant differences in the FS, EM, VH or Ra among the subgroups. No obvious microcracks were detected on the surfaces of the zirconia specimens during SEM.

Conclusions
Er:YAG laser debonding does not obviously affect the optical or mechanical properties of novel zirconia ceramics in dentistry. Moreover, it is potentially feasible and valuable to reuse zirconia restorations after Er:YAG laser debonding.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical care and patient-focused outcomes of advanced nursing practice: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chair Sek Ying , Kilpatrick Kelley , Heffernan Catrina , Hays Stacia M. , Liu Huaping 
Published: November 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted advanced practice nurses’ practice and posed great challenges in patient care delivery.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of advanced practice nurses in mainland China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR).
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted March 2021 and January 2022. Advanced practice nurses were invited to participate in an online survey. The questionnaire described the socio-demographic characteristics, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on advanced nursing practice, patient outcomes, education needs about COVID-19, and the challenges, support, and concerns related to the advanced practice nurse practice during the pandemic. Wilcoxon signed-rank test or McNemar test were applied to measure the practice of APNs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Respondents (N = 336) were from mainland China (n = 234) and Hong Kong SAR (n = 102). Participants reported increased practice-related workload during the pandemic. The proportions of advanced practice nurses focused on disease prevention (36.9%) and psychosocial well-being (15.5%) for patient-focused outcomes during the pandemic were higher compared to before the pandemic. Key challenges and concerns during the pandemic included heavy workloads and health concerns for themselves and their families. Despite difficulties, there were reports of positive changes since the outbreak including implementation of innovative measures to facilitate the advanced practice nursing and education about COVID-19.

Conclusion
The study findings highlight that advanced practice nurses’ work and responsibilities have changed in response to the pandemic. Providing education about COVID-19, innovative measures to facilitate advanced practice nursing, and understanding advanced practice nurses’ concerns and challenges in providing patient care may inform future developments for improving their professional practice.
Effect of laser photobiomodulation combined with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells using artificial intelligence: An in vitro study
Authors: de Melo Eloiza Leonardo , Miranda Jéssica Meirinhos , Lima Vanessa Bastos de Souza Rolim , Gaião Wyndly Daniel Cardoso , Tostes Braulio de Vilhena Amorim , Rodrigues Claudio Gabriel , Bezerra da Silva Márcia , Júnior Severino Alves , Pontes Perger Edson Luiz , Bispo Mávio Eduardo Azevedo , de Martínez Gerbi Marleny Elizabeth Márquez 
Published: November 2024

Aim
To evaluate in vitro the effect of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) combined or not with 30-nm hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANp), on the osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) by morphometric analysis using artificial intelligence programs (TensorFlow and ArcGIS).

Methods
UC-MSCs were isolated and cultured until 80% confluence was reached. The cells were then plated according to the following experimental groups: G1 –control (DMEM), G2 –BMP-2, G3 –BMP-7, G4 –PBM (660 nm, 10 mW, 2.5 J/cm2, spot size of 0.08 cm2), G5 –HANp, G6 –HANp + PBM, G7 –BMP-2 + PBM, and G8 –BMP-7 + PBM. The MTT assay was used to analyze cell viability at 24, 48 and 72 h. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by Alizarin Red staining after 7, 14 and 21 days. For morphometric analysis, areas of osteogenic differentiation (pixel2) were delimited by machine learning using the TensorFlow and ArcGIS 10.8 programs.

Results
The results of the MTT assay showed high rates of cell viability and proliferation in all groups when compared to control. Morphometric analysis revealed a greater area of osteogenic differentiation in G5 (HANp = 142709,33±36573,39) and G6 (HANp + PBM = 125452,00±24226,95) at all time points evaluated.

Conclusion
It is suggested that HANp, whether combined with PBM or not, may be a promising alternative to enhance the cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs.
A Class of Meshless Structure-Preserving Algorithms for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Wang Jialing , Zhou Zhengting , Lin Zhoujin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to give a unified construction framework of meshless structure-preserving algorithms to solve the d-dimensional (

d
=
1

{d=1}

or 2) nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Based on the method of lines, we first derive a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system by using the radial basis function method of the quasi-interpolation and the technique of left-multiplying a diagonal matrix to discretize the space direction. Then suitable geometric numerical integrations can be used to discretize the time direction, which yields a class of meshless structure-preserving algorithms. In addition to the construction, the structure-preserving properties and their proofs are also provided in detail. Besides the uniform and nonuniform grids, the numerical experiments on the random grids are also emphasized to verify the theoretical research well, which is of great significance for scattering points based on the characteristics of actual problems.