bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor trajectories of preterm and full‐term infants in the first year of life
Authors: Valentini Nadia Cristina , Pereira Keila Ruttnig Guidony , Chiquetti Eloá Maria dos Santos , Formiga Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto , Linhares Maria Beatriz Martins 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMotor development occurs throughout periods of motor skill acquisition, adjustment and variability. The objectives of this study were to analyze and compare biological and health characteristics and motor skill acquisition trajectories in preterm and full‐term infants during the first year of life.MethodsTwo thousand, five hundred and seventy‐nine infants (1,361 preterm) from 22 states were assessed using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Multivariate General Linear Model, t‐tests, ANOVA, and Tukey tests were used.ResultsAn age × group significant interaction was found for motor scores. On follow‐up tests full‐term infants had higher scores in prone, supine, sitting and standing postures that require trunk control from 9 to 10 months of age; although this advantage was observed for sitting from the second month of life.ConclusionDuring the first trimester of life, preterm infants have higher scores in the supine and standing postures. Regarding motor trajectories, from newborn to 12 months, the period of higher motor acquisition was similar between full‐term and preterm infants for prone (3–10 months), supine (1–6 months), and standing (6–12 months). For the sitting posture, however, full‐term infants had a period of intensive motor learning of acquisition from the first to 7 months of life, whereas for preterm infants a shorter period was observed (3–7 months).ConclusionAlthough the periods of higher motor acquisition were similar, full‐term infants had higher scores in more control‐demanding postures. Intervention for preterm infants needs to extend beyond the first months of life, and include guidance to parents to promote motor development strategies to achieve control in the higher postures.
Application of fermentation strategy in aquafeed for sustainable aquaculture
Authors: Dawood Mahmoud A.O. , Koshio Shunsuke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBecause of its high nutritional value, palatability and increased digestibility, fishy meal is widely used as an animal protein source in the aquafeed industry. However, the resource shortages and rising prices seriously restrict the use of fish meal (FM) in aquaculture. In this light, much efforts have been conducted to seek the sustainable supplies of protein sources to substitute FM. Due to their relatively low protein content and palatability, the presence of anti‐nutritional factors (ANFs) and unbalanced amino acid profiles, the plant protein sources have been limited in aquafeed, whereas the animal protein sources can replace FM in aquafeed due to their high protein content, total digestible dry matter and lack of ANFs. The fermentation process was recognized for its role in improving the nutritional quality of animal and plant protein sources. The protein sources can be treated with appropriate microorganisms to preserve its nutrients and finally incorporated into aquafeed, which would reduce feed costs and environmental pollution. Fermented meals showed better nutrient efficiency and could improve the nutritional value of aquafeed. This review was intended to present more updated information about the application of fermented ingredients in aquafeed industry. Based on the data collected, this review will contribute to further research into the production of fermented feed as a functional feed for sustainable aquaculture.
Falls in hospital: a case–control study
Authors: de Groot Gudrun Cathrine Lindgren , Al‐Fattal Ahmad , Sandven Irene 
Published: July 2019

AimsFalls among inpatients are common. The method used by The Norwegian Patient Safety Campaign to measure the adverse events is the Global Trigger Tool, which does not look at the causation for falls. This study was aimed at investigating major risk factors for falls in the hospital setting.MethodsThis retrospective case–control study was conducted at Telemark Hospital in Norway, in the period from September 2012 to August 2014. A total of 842 patients from three wards were included, whereof 172 cases had experienced one or more fall(s) during hospitalisation and 670 random controls had not fallen. Data were analysed according to a pragmatic strategy.ResultsCompared with patients who did not fall, patients who fell were 21 times more likely to have poor balance (OR = 21.50, 95% CI: 10.26–45.04) and 19 times more likely to have very poor balance (OR = 19.62, 95% CI: 9.55–40.27), twice as likely to be men (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.24–2.68), and 50% increased probability of fall with every 10 year increase of age (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.34–1.69). Furthermore, the patients who fell were more likely to use antidepressant drugs (OR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.09–13.63), antipsychotic drugs (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.94–5.51), anxiolytic/hypnotic drugs (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.22–2.67) and antiepileptic drugs (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.11–4.06) than patients who did not fall.ConclusionsDuring hospital stay, patients who fell had a higher risk profile than patients who did not fall. Clinicians should work to improve patients’ safety and reduce the risk of falls by accurately assessing balance and mobility as a form of primary prevention. We recommend that a review of the patient medications should be conducted upon falling, as a form of a secondary preventive strategy against falls.
Diversification and internationalization in the sociological study of science and religion
Authors: Catto Rebecca Alice , Jones Stephen , Kaden Tom , Elsdon‐Baker Fern 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClassical sociology addressed the relationship between science and religion, but interest in the topic waned during the 20th century. A second wave of research has emerged in the 21st century, focusing on scientists' (ir)religiosity, evolution, and the relationship between knowledge and acceptance of scientific concepts. Most of this research has been conducted in the United States, used quantitative methods, and focused on creationism, although scholars have recently begun to explore different research methods and sites. Their results suggest that the “conflict thesis” is not valid and that publics and scientists' views tend to be fluid and strongly shaped by national context. The literature on nonreligion has also expanded, but its connection to science remains ripe for further development. A more intersectional approach would also benefit the field, as would increased engagement between public understanding of science scholars and sociologists studying science and religion. Research in both areas is showing that attitudes toward science and religion cannot be understood solely in terms of knowledge about either domain. There is scope for more empirical and theoretical work internationally eschewing the assumption that science and religion conflict and focusing more on identity, culture, and power relations.
Numerical Modeling of Spark Ignition in Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: Pyszczek Rafał , Hahn Jooyoung , Priesching Peter , Teodorczyk Andrzej 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we aim to develop a comprehensive ignition model for three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combustion modeling in spark-ignited (SI) engines. In the proposed model, we consider the following aspects separately to model the spark ignition process comprehensively. An electrical circuit is solved for calculation of the energy transferred to the spark plasma channel. The spark itself is represented by computational particles for monitoring its motion and ignitability. Heat diffusion from the spark toward the surrounding mixture is calculated with a one-dimensional (1D) model, resulting in the temperature obtained at the surface of the spark channel. Based on the calculated temperature and interpolated pressure and local mixture composition, an instantaneous ignition delay time is read from tabulated values for every particle representing the spark channel. The final ignitability criterion is defined by a precursor calculated with a zero-dimensional (0D) model, which accounts for the history of changes in spark surface temperature and local mixture properties. As soon as the precursor reaches a threshold value for a given spark channel particle, a flame kernel is introduced at a position of the particle. Flame propagation is generally treated by the G-equation combustion model. Validation is performed by measurements of the spark discharge process in high-velocity flow field and single-cylinder AVL research engine. We demonstrate that the proposed model can correctly reproduce the electrical circuit, spark channel dynamics, and overall engine performance.
Performances Optimization and Comparison of Two Organic Rankine Cycles for Cogeneration in the Cement Plant
Authors: Fergani Zineb , Morosuk Tatiana , Touil Djamel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the potential application of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for cogeneration in a cement plant is presented. Two ORC system configurations are considered. The first configuration is based on the waste heat recovery from the exit gases of clinker burning system. An additional heat source which is the solar energy was used for the second configuration. Parametric studies are performed for the systems with three different working fluids. Both systems are optimized from the viewpoints of thermodynamic, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analyses.
Substance use disorders among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people in Canada: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Nguemo Joseph D , Iroanyah Ngozi , Husbands Winston , Nelson LaRon E , Maina Geoffrey , Njoroge Irene , Owino Maureen , Kahan Meldon , Miller Desmond , Wong Josephine 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionPrevious research demonstrated that substance use continues to be one of the most complex and prevalent problems among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people. A number of studies were conducted to characterise substance use patterns in this population. To our knowledge, this is the first known review in Canada characterising substance use disorders on ACB people.This scoping review seeks to answer the following research questions: What characterises substance use disorders among ACB people in Canada? What are the different types and prevalence of substance use among ACB people in Canada? Do ACB people in Canada use more than one substance? What factors are associated with substance use among ACB people in Canada? What are the health and social impacts of substance use in ACB people in Canada?Methods and analysesThis study will use the methodological framework for scoping reviews developed by Arksey and O’Malley. We will search electronic bibliographic databases including Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We will limit our search to English articles published between 2000and2019. In addition, we will conduct a grey literature search. Two investigators will independently screen citations and full-text articles. Our findings will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for scoping reviews guidelines. We will provide a descriptive summary of the studies and summarise the findings with respect to the outcomes and report any gaps that might require further investigation.Ethics and disseminationOur proposed study does not involve human participants; therefore, research ethics approval is not required. This study will provide evidence that will inform the development of strategies for appropriate interventions, as well as policy and further research. The results will be disseminated through publications in open access peer-reviewed journals, presentations at scientific meetings and to the lay public.
Clinical features and cancer risk in families with pathogenicCDH1variants irrespective of clinical criteria
Authors: Xicola Rosa M , Li Shuwei , Rodriguez Nicolette , Reinecke Patrick , Karam Rachid , Speare Virginia , Black Mary Helen , LaDuca Holly , Llor Xavier 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe clinical phenotype ofCDH1pathogenic variant carriers has mostly been studied in families that fulfil criteria of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). We aimed at determining cancer phenotype and cancer risk estimation among families withCDH1pathogenic variants not selected by HDGC clinical criteria.MethodsPatients were all consecutively identifiedCDH1pathogenic variant carriers from a clinical laboratory tested with multigene panel testing and from an academic cancer genetics programme. Clinical and demographic features, cancer phenotypes and genotype–phenotype correlations were determined amongCDH1families. Age-specific cumulative cancer risks (penetrance) were calculated based on 38 families with available pedigrees.ResultsWithin the 113CDH1pathogenic variant probands and 476 relatives, 113 had gastric cancer, 177 breast cancer and 196 other cancers. Mean age at diagnosis was 47 for gastric and 54 for breast cancer. Forty-six per cent fulfilled criteria of HDGC. While 36% of families had both gastric and breast cancers, 36% had breast but no gastric cancers and 16% had gastric but not breast cancers. Cumulative risk of cancer by age 80 was 37.2% for gastric and 42.9% for breast cancer.ConclusionIn unselectedCDH1pathogenic variant carrier families, gastric cancer risks were lower and age at diagnosis higher than previously reported in families pre-selected for HDGC criteria. A substantial proportion of families did not present with any gastric cancers and their cancers were limited to breast. Thus, clinical criteria forCDH1testing should be widened, including breast cancer families only, and a consideration for delayed prophylactic gastrectomy/surveillance should be evaluated.
Fractional exclusion statistics as an occupancy process
Authors: Fahssi Nour-Eddine 
Published: July 2019

We show the possibility of describing fractional exclusion statistics (FES) as an occupancy process with global and local exclusion constraints. More specifically, using combinatorial identities, we show that FES can be viewed as “ball-in-box” models with appropriate weighting on the set of occupancy configurations (merely represented by a partition of the total number of particles). As a consequence, the following exact statement of the generalized Pauli principle is derived: for an [Formula: see text]-particles system exhibiting FES of extended parameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are co-prime integers such that [Formula: see text]), (1) the allowed occupation number of a state is less than or equal to [Formula: see text] and not to [Formula: see text] whenever [Formula: see text] and (2) the global occupancy shape is admissible if the number of states occupied by at least two particles is less than or equal to [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). These counting rules allow distinguishing infinitely many families of FES systems depending on the parameter [Formula: see text] and the size [Formula: see text].
Effects of fluid and norepinephrine resuscitation in a sheep model of endotoxin shock and acute kidney injury
Authors: Ferrara Gonzalo , Kanoore Edul Vanina Siham , Caminos Eguillor Juan Francisco , Buscetti María Guillermina , Canales Héctor Saúl , Lattanzio Bernardo , Gatti Luis , Ince Can , Dubin Arnaldo 
Published: July 2019

The pathophysiology of renal failure in septic shock is complex. Although microvascular dysfunction has been proposed as a mechanism, there are controversial findings about the characteristics of microvascular redistribution and the effects of resuscitation. Our hypothesis was that the normalization of systemic hemodynamics with fluids and norepinephrine fails to improve acute kidney injury. To test this hypothesis, we assessed systemic and renal hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in 24 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep. Renal cortical microcirculation was evaluated by SDF-videomicroscopy. Shock ( n = 12) was induced by intravenous administration of endotoxin. After 60 min of shock, 30 mL/kg of saline solution was infused and norepinephrine was titrated to reach a mean blood pressure of 70 mmHg for 2 h. These animals were compared with a sham group ( n = 12). After endotoxin administration, mean blood pressure, cardiac index, and systemic O2 transport and consumption decreased ( P < 0.05 for all). Resuscitation improved these variables. Endotoxin shock also reduced renal blood flow and O2 transport and consumption (205[157–293] vs. 131 [99–185], 28.4[19.0–38.2] vs. 15.8[13.5–23.2], and 5.4[4.0–8.8] vs. 3.7[3.3–4.5] mL·min−1·100 g−1, respectively); cortical perfused capillary density (23.8[23.5–25.9] vs. 17.5[15.1–19.0] mm/mm2); and creatinine clearance (62.4[39.2–99.4] vs. 10.7[4.4–23.5] mL/min). After 2 h of resuscitation, these variables did not improve (174[91–186], 20.5[10.8–22.7], and 3.8[1.9–4.8] mL·min−1·100 g−1, 19.9[18.6–22.1] mm/mm2, and 5.9[1.0–11.9] mL/min). In conclusion, endotoxin shock induced severe renal failure associated with decreased renal flow, O2 transport and consumption, and cortical microcirculation. Normalization of systemic hemodynamics with fluids and norepinephrine failed to improve renal perfusion, oxygenation, and function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This experimental model of endotoxin shock induced severe renal failure, which was associated with abnormalities in renal regional blood flow, microcirculation, and oxygenation. Derangements included the compromise of peritubular microvascular perfusion. Improvements in systemic hemodynamics through fluids and norepinephrine were unable to correct these abnormalities.
Incremental Value of Implantable Cardiac Device Diagnostic Variables Over Clinical Parameters to Predict Mortality in Patients With Mild to Moderate Heart Failure
Authors: Manlucu Jaimie , Sharma Vinod , Koehler Jodi , Warman Eduardo N. , Wells George A. , Gula Lorne J. , Yee Raymond , Tang Anthony S. 
Published: July 2019

Background
Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Clinical prediction models provide suboptimal estimates of mortality in this population. We sought to determine the incremental value of implantable device diagnostics over clinical prediction models for mortality.

Methods and Results

RAFT
(Resynchronization/Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial) patients with implanted devices capable of device diagnostic monitoring were included, and demographic and clinical parameters were used to compute Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) heart failure risk scores. Patients were classified according to
MAGGIC
score into low (0–16), intermediate (17–24), or high (>24) risk groups. Mortality was evaluated from 6 months postimplant in accordance with the
RAFT
protocol. In a subset of 1036 patients, multivariable analysis revealed that intermediate and high
MAGGIC
scores, fluid index, atrial fibrillation, and low activity flags were independent predictors of mortality. A device‐integrated diagnostic parameter that included a fluid index flag and either a positive atrial fibrillation flag or a positive activity flag was able to significantly differentiate higher from lower risk for mortality in the intermediate
MAGGIC
cohort. The effect was more pronounced in the high‐risk
MAGGIC
cohort, in which device‐integrated diagnostic–positive patients had a shorter time to death than those who were device‐integrated diagnostic negative.

Conclusions
Device diagnostics using a combination of fluid index trends, atrial fibrillation burden, and patient activity provide significant incremental prognostic value over clinical heart failure prediction scores in higher‐risk patients. This suggests that combining clinical and device diagnostic parameters may lead to models with better predictive power. Whether this risk is modifiable with early medical intervention would warrant further studies.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
00251251.
Speculating on the World Bank’s Involvement in Post-Conflict Reconstruction Operations and Activities
Authors: Seatzu Francesco 
Published: July 2019

Over the last few decades, the World Bank (‘WB’) has gained wide experience in post-conflict peacebuilding by experimenting new approaches to peace-and state-building in a wide range of difficult, fragile and conflict-affected countries such as Burundi, Liberia, and Nepal, all of which were undergoing significant political processes in the area of post-conflict reconstruction and democratic consolidation. The WB is the principal organization of the UN system providing low-interest loans for improvements in countries in difficulties. This paper explores the extent to which the WB can assert a role in the operational management of post-conflict reconstruction and argues that the WB’s increasing engagement with post-reconstruction issues is proper and permissible according both to its Establishing Agreement and its Relationship Agreement with the UN. But this is only provided it is balanced against a recognition of its intrinsic and operational limitations: namely and in particular the limitations that arise, respectively, from the UN Security Council’s competing competence in the same sector and the enduring existence of political prohibition clauses in the WB’s and IDA’s Establishing Agreements. If the WB’s post-conflict activities continue, it will turn out to be a player of great significance and actuality in developing and applying international post-conflict reconstruction norms and principles. Ultimately, given the inextricable link between development and conflict, the WB’s competence over post-conflict reconstruction issues is functional to its legitimacy. Support for the WB’s evolving role in post-conflict reconstruction scenarios will be highest if the WB enacts measures to promote its substantive and procedural legitimacy among member countries. This paper therefore collocates its analysis within the framework of democratic decision-making and argues for a clearer definition of responsibilities among the WB financial institutions and other organizations and organs belonging to the same UN family, such the UN Security Council, ECOSOC and the UN Peacebuilding Commission.
The Constitutional Framework of International Law in the Gulf: Ratification and Implementation of International Treaties in GCC Constitutions
Authors: Parolin Gianluca P. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article investigates how ratification and implementation of international treaties are regulated in GCC Constitutions and how these regulations currently operate. First, it considers the models of internal/international law relations that Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Constitutions espouse. Second, it then reviews ratification procedures and practices. Finally, it examines alternative options to guarantee implementation. Shifting the focus away from conventional court implementation mechanisms, the article argues that internal accountability mechanisms of executives might guarantee a more effective enforcement of international treaties in the GCC Member States.