bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ipragliflozin ameliorates liver damage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Miyake Teruki , Yoshida Sakiko , Furukawa Shinya , Sakai Takenori , Tada Fujimasa , Senba Hidenori , Yamamoto Shin , Koizumi Yohei , Yoshida Osamu , Hirooka Masashi , Kumagi Teru , Niiya Tetsuju , Miyaoka Hiroaki , Masanori Abe , Matsuura Bunzo , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
There are few effective medications for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We investigated the efficacy of ipragliflozin (selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor [SGLT2I]) for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods
We prospectively enrolled patients with T2DM complicated by NAFLD treated at our institutions from January 2015 to December 2016. Patients received oral ipragliflozin (50 mg/day) once daily for 24 weeks. Body composition was evaluated using an InBody720 analyzer. We used transient elastography to measure liver stiffness and the controlled attenuation parameter for the quantification of liver steatosis in patients with NASH.

Results
Forty-three patients with T2DM and NAFLD were enrolled (12 with biopsy-proven NASH and 31 with NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasonography). After 24 weeks, body weight, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, body fat mass, and steatosis were significantly decreased compared to baseline measurements in patients with NASH. However, muscle mass was not reduced, and liver stiffness showed a statistically insignificant tendency to decrease. NAFLD patients also showed a significant reduction in body weight, HbA1c, AST, and ALT compared to baseline measurements.

Conclusion
Ipragliflozin may be effective in patients with T2DM complicated by NAFLD.
An introductory course in green chemistry: Progress and lessons learned
Authors: Kovacs Dalila G. , Krikke James , Mack Kristina 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This work provides a description of our experience with designing and implementing green chemistry elements in higher education. It addresses the problem of content and methodology in green chemistry education and provides models of innovative approaches in design and teaching practices.
An introductory course, Pollution Prevention, Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, supported by a grant from Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, was designed at Grand Valley State University (GVSU), in Michigan, in 2008 and run for the first time in 2009, with 12 students. The positive response from the students who took the class coupled with increasing visibility of green chemistry initiative at the state level (MI Governor’s Green Chemistry directive and Green Chemistry Round Table) led the GVSU administration to recognize the need of such a course and, after revision, to its inclusion into the Chemistry Department curriculum, under the designation “Introduction to green chemistry”, CHM 111. This remains to be a sought-after course for freshmen and upper-level undergraduates interested in the issues of green chemistry who have no chemistry background in their education. Since 2011, the course ran twice a year with a total of 302 students to date (December 2017). From semester to semester, it underwent several modifications, in order to accommodate the most recent, up-to-date developments in green chemistry and green engineering. The repository of teaching materials created is growing continuously. The progress and lessons learned throughout the years in running this course are summarized here.
Actividades de imagen de rol, de autocortesía y de (des)cortesía en reseñas de publicaciones científicas
Authors: Kaul de Marlangeon Silvia 
Published: September 2018

Resumen
La reseña, situada en la sección final de revistas especializadas, es un género textual típico del discurso científico, que ofrece información crítica acerca del contenido de una publicación reciente. El propósito del presente trabajo es enfocar el aspecto evaluativo del género reseña, ámbito propicio para la ocurrencia de diversas actividades de imagen de rol, de autocortesía, de cortesía y de descortesía. Este trabajo adopta el punto de vista discursivo-sociocultural para abordar los fenómenos de (des)cortesía: Bravo (2002, 2005 y 2010) y Kaul de Marlangeon (2008 y 2010). Asimismo emplea la perspectiva de la teoría de la evaluación en el discurso, principalmente: Martin (2000) y Martin y White (2005). El corpus ha sido extraído de reseñas de obras de autores
hispanohablantes publicadas durante la última década en una selección de revistas internacionales de lingüística escritas en español: RILI (Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana), Signos (Estudios de Lingüística), Discurso & Sociedad y Linred (Lingüística en la red), donde se constata tanto el uso de los recursos evaluativos interconectados en el texto, como las diferentes actividades de imagen que desarrolla el reseñador.
The Financial Crisis, Fiscal Federalism, and the Creditworthiness of US State Governments
Authors: McBrayer Markie , Shea Patrick E. , Kirkland Justin H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study examines why credit rating agencies offered optimistic assessments of some US states during the 2008–2009 financial crisis. Focusing on the creditworthiness of state governments, we argue that because states are procyclic spenders, growth in a state’s economy is actually harmful to that state’s ability to maintain its fiscal promises. As the federal government spends more heavily in a state, however, the procyclic tendencies of that state matter less to credit raters, and the negative effects of growth in a state’s economy diminish. We test our theory in two ways. We first model the Great Recession as an intervention, finding that states receiving less money from the federal government are more likely to experience increases in their credit scores following the crisis. We then test whether this pattern holds outside of the financial crisis for the years 1990–2006. We observe that increases in gross state product are negatively correlated with credit ratings when there are little to no changes in federal dollars flowing into a state.
Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis of four 1,4-bis(methoxyphenyl)-2,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes: comparisons of the intermolecular interactions in related compounds
Authors: Gomes Ligia R. , Low John N. , Correira Nathasha R. de L. , Noguiera Thais C.M. , Pinheiro Alessandra C. , de Souza Marcus V.N. , Wardell James L. , Wardell Solange M.S.V. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The crystal structures of four azines, namely 1-3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-diaza-1,4-butadiene, 1, 1,3-bis(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-diaza-1,4-butadiene, 2, 1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-diaza-1,4-butadiene, 3, and 1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-diaza-1,4-butadiene, 4, are reported. Molecules of 3 and 4, and both independent molecules of 2, Mol A and Mol B, possess inversion centers. The central C=N–N=C units in each molecule is planar with an (E,E) conformation. The intermolecular interactions found in the four compounds are C–H···O, C–H–N, C–H---π and π---π interactions. However, there is no consistent set of intermolecular interactions for the four compounds. Compound, 1, has a two-dimensional undulating sheet structure, generated from C–H···O and C–H···N intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The only recognized intermolecular interaction in 2 is a C–H···O hydrogen bond, which results in a zig-zag chain of alternating molecules, Mol A and Mol B. While 3 forms a puckered sheet of molecules, solely via C–H···π interactions, its isomeric compound, 4, has a more elaborate three-dimensional structure generated from a combination of C–H···O hydrogen bonds, C–H···π and π···π interactions.
The findings in this study, based on both PLATON and Hirshfeld approaches, for the four representative compounds match well the reported structural findings in the literature of related compounds, which are based solely on geometric parameters.
Space and Time as a Consequence of Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber Quantum Jumps
Authors: Singh Tejinder P. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber theory of spontaneous collapse offers a possible resolution of the quantum measurement problem. In this theory, the wave function of a particle spontaneously and repeatedly localises to one or the other random position in space, as a consequence of the hypothesised quantum jumps. In between jumps, the wave function undergoes the usual Schrödinger evolution. In the present paper, we suggest that these jumps take place in Hilbert space, with no reference to physical space and a physical three-dimensional space arises as a consequence of localisation of macroscopic objects in the universe. That is, collapse of the wave-function is responsible for the origin of space. We then suggest that similar jumps take place for a hypothetical time operator in Hilbert space and classical time, as we know it emerges from localisation of this time operator, for macroscopic objects. More generally, the jumps are suggested to take place in an operator space-time in Hilbert space, leading to an emergent classical space-time.
Experimental Study on Manufactured Sand Shape Detection by Image Method
Authors: Liu Fu-lin , Fang Huai-ying , Chen Si-jia , Zhou Liang , Yang Jian-hong 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Manufactured sand often has granules with uneven shapes, which affects the quality of concrete. Hence, the detection of the shape of manufactured sand is important to ensure the quality of concrete. In this article, an image analysis system is used to detect the particle shapes, and the flow time aggregate angularity test is used as a reference to study the correlation between several particle shape characterization parameters and the flow time method. The result shows that the equivalent ellipse axial ratio Ae is the best index for evaluating the uniformity of manufactured sand shape. Repeatability tests with single-grade and graded materials showed that the maximum repeatability errors for three types of single-grade material are 0.5 %, 2.52 %, and 2.97 %, respectively, and the maximum repeatability error for the graded material is 0.85 %. When the particle shape is closer to a sphere, the repeatability of the measurements is high. Therefore, the image method particle shape detection system can meet the requirements for manufactured sand shape detection and effectively monitor the quality of manufactured sand for use as aggregate in concrete.
Experimental Analysis of Dry Sliding Friction and Wear Behavior of OMMT Nanoclay Added EVA/HDPE/MA-g-PE Compatibilized Polymer Blends with Parametric Study of Influencing Factors
Authors: Namdeo Rajeev , Tiwari Sudhir , Manepatil Smita , Chand Navin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this study, an attempt has been made to find out the possibility of extending the conventional engineering applications of Maleic Anhydride–grafted Polyethylene (MA-g-PE), compatibilized Ethylene-co-Vinyl Acetate (EVA), and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) polymer blends with the addition of Organo-Modified Montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay to sliding wear–resistant parts in the automobile, aerospace, and other similar industries. An experimental analysis of dry sliding friction and wear has been investigated for MA-g-PE (2 parts per hundred, i.e., phr) grafted EVA/HDPE (70/30 by weight %) blend with the addition of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 phr of OMMT nanoclay. According to ASTM G99, Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus, specimens slid against an EN31 steel disk of 60 HRC using a wear and friction tribometer at different forces, sliding distances, and sliding velocities. Effects of forces and sliding distances on sliding friction coefficients and specific wear rates of polymer nanocomposites were evaluated. It was observed that the coefficient of friction decreased with the increase in forces and slightly varied with increments in sliding distance. On the other hand, the specific wear rate increased by increment in forces and decreased with the increase in sliding distance. Wear mechanisms and worn surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopic images. Parametric study of influencing factors (polymer compositions, forces, sliding distances, and sliding velocities) was conducted using the Taguchi design of experiment and ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA). Taguchi was used to rank and optimize four influencing factors, viz., composition, force, sliding distance, and sliding velocity. ANOVA determined the statistical significance and percentage contribution of control factors.
Transition Planning Among US Youth With and Without Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Lebrun-Harris Lydie A. , McManus Margaret A. , Ilango Samhita M. , Cyr Mallory , McLellan Sarah Beth , Mann Marie Y. , White Patience H. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
Researchers have shown that most youth with special health care needs (YSHCN) are not receiving guidance on planning for health care transition. This study examines current transition planning among US youth with and without special health care needs (SHCN).

METHODS:
The 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health is nationally representative and includes 20 708 youth (12–17 years old). Parents and/or caregivers were asked if transition planning occurred, based on the following elements: (1) doctor or other health care provider (HCP) discussed the eventual shift to an HCP who cares for adults, (2) an HCP actively worked with youth to gain self-care skills or understand changes in health care at age 18, and (3) youth had time alone with an HCP during the last preventive visit. Sociodemographic and health system characteristics were assessed for associations with transition planning.

RESULTS:
Nationally, 17% of YSHCN and 14% of youth without SHCN met the overall transition measure. Older age (15–17 years) was the only sociodemographic factor associated with meeting the overall transition measure and individual elements for YSHCN and youth without SHCN. Other sociodemographic characteristics associated with transition planning differed among the 2 populations. Receipt of care coordination and a written plan was associated with transition planning for YSHCN.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study reveals that few youth with and without SHCN receive transition planning support. It underscores the need for HCPs to work with youth independently and in collaboration with parents and/or caregivers throughout adolescence to gain self-care skills and prepare for adult-focused care.
Delimitación espacial del corredor económico Ensenada-Mexicali
Authors: Padilla y Sotelo Lilia Susana , García de León Loza Armando , Castillo Sánchez Francisco 
Published: September 2018

En este artículo se proponen elementos y parámetros cuantitativos y cualitativos para delimitar el corredor económico Ensenada-Mexicali. Además de incluir los efectos relativos a su doble condición de frontera y península y de definir su composición y estructura, se establecen su dimensión y áreas de influencia a partir de un análisis de proximidad, para así obtener una delimitación que va más allá de la región políticoadministrativa, concepción artificial que conlleva problemas para el análisis y la representación. Esta cuestión se supera mediante una alternativa metodológica que favorece el análisis integral desde una perspectiva relacional y organizativa en la que la unidad geográfica definida es útil para impulsar la competitividadregional.
De Mattos, Carlos. Globalización y metamorfosis urbana en América Latina
Authors: Santana Rivas Daniel 
Published: September 2018

Globalización y metamorfosis urbana en América Latina es un compendio de artículos y conferencias publicadas por Carlos De Mattos desde 1993 hasta la fecha. Por ello, el documento da cuenta, como si fuera en tiempo real, de la crisis de la planificación regional de corte keynesiano acaecida desde la década de los ochenta del siglo pasado y de cómo emergieron nuevas condiciones estructurales, estrategias de planificación y gestión urbana, así como de la aparición de nuevos impactos territoriales y urbanos en el contexto de la globalización neoliberal.
O discurso da sustentabilidade como elo às novas estratégias de desenvolvimento regional: o caso dos Eixos Nacionais de integração e Desenvolvimento nos governos Fernando Henrique Cardoso I e II no estado de Mato Grosso do sul
Authors: Buscioli Roberson Da Rocha , Souza Adáuto De Oliveira 
Published: September 2018

Este artículo es el resultado de las discusiones llevadas a cabo en el tercer capítulo de la tesis de Maestría en Geografía y su objetivo es comprender cómo una nueva categoría de desarrollo, ahora "sostenible", se articuló con las nuevas acciones del Estado, en la búsqueda del ajuste espacio-temporal en el contexto neoliberal a partir del año de 1990. En general, tratamos de comprender la construcción de este concepto en las organizaciones internacionales; el proceso de neoliberalización en Brasil, la redefinición del papel del Estado, así como las estrategias de desarrollo regional establecidas para el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul.
Analysis of Medical Care for Children with Cancer in the Central Federal District in 2017: Ecological Study
Authors: Rykov Maxim Yu. 
Published: September 2018

Background. Planning the management for medical care delivery for children with cancer, as well as analysis of the effectiveness of medical care delivery is based on the statistical indicators analysis.Objective. Our aim was to analyze the main indicators characterizing medical care delivery for children with cancer in the Central Federal District.Methods. The operative reports for 2017 provided by the executive health protection authorities of 18 subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the Central Federal District have been analyzed.Results. The study enrolled the following data: number of children was 6 824 049 (0–17 years), pediatric oncological departments — 9, pediatric oncological beds — 464, days of berth employment per year — 319.3. The number of practitioners providing medical care to children with cancer was 91, 64 (70.3%) of them had a certificate of training as a pediatric oncologist. In 11 subjects, the department of pediatric oncology was not available; one of the districts did not provide any pediatric oncological beds. The number of primary patients with malignant neoplasms was 821. The number of deceased patients was 156 including 66 identified in 2017. The incidence of malignant tumors was 12 (per 100 000 for the 0–17 age group), the mortality rate was 2.3 (per 100 thousand for the age group 0–17 years), one-year mortality rate — 8%. We failed to reveal the average time from diagnosis establishing till its validation before the treatment onset since the reports did not provide precise information on the point. 12 (1.5%) primary patients left for treatment abroad.Conclusion. Most reports included indicators which lack congruity with one another. The incidence rates were significantly lower than those in countries with high statistical reliability. The percentage of patients identified actively remained extremely low. To improve the revealed defects a single database of children with oncological diseases should be implemented in the Russian Federation.
Spontaneous Catheter Separation from the Implanted Venous Port and Its Migration to the Venous Heart: Clinical Case
Authors: Olkhova Lyudmila V. , Popov Vladimir E. 
Published: September 2018

Background.Currently, vascular access is one of the most important aspects in specific and accompanying treatment of cancer patients regardless of their age and sex. Partially implanted venous catheters previously described by Hickman were widely applied all over the world. The introduction of completely implanted venous port-systems revolutionized health care delivery and improved the quality of life in patients with oncological diseases. A fully implanted venous port consists of a silicone catheter which distal tip is connected to a port tank implanted subcutaneously. Such a design allows providing safe and multiple adequate vascular accesses regardless of the patient’s clinical state.Case Report.We present a clinical case of a 10-year-old patient diagnosed with medulloblastoma of the cerebellopontine angle and the left cerebellar hemisphere. The case described spontaneous detachment of an implanted venous port catheter and its migration to the venous heart in a patient who underwent chemotherapy by venous access provided through implantation of the venous port.Conclusion.Our clinical case demonstrated a rare and potentially extremely dangerous noninfectious complication associated with the use of venous port-systems. Implanted systems require washing 1–2 times per month with heparinized solutions or solutions containing taurolidine when they are not used. Periodic chest radiographs can reveal integrity alterations of the system. Any implanted system should be removed when it is not used, or it should be monitored on a regular basis.
Development of the channel type centrifugal pump
Authors: Kuleshov A. P. , Itkin G. P. , Baybikov A. S. 
Published: September 2018

A channel centrifugal pump has been developed which have calculated parameters during the nominal operating mode based on 3-dimensional computer simulation (flow rate 5 l/min, pressure drop 100 mm). In addition, pump’s operating conditions in ECMO mode are considered at high pressure drops of 200–300 mm Hg with a speed of rotor up to 3500 rpm. Simulation result was a creation of a new channel- type centrifugal pump with shear stress that do not exceed the allowable threshold of 150 Pa, and also minimizing stagnation and flow recirculation zones. The obtained data were also the result of use design of rotor with constant cross-section channels formed along a logarithmic curve and ensuring minimum turbulence due to the minimum outlet angle of the flow.