bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Chayotextle Starch Films Supplemented with Essential Oils and Their Effect as a Coating on the Shelf Life of Bread
Authors: Luna‐Niño María Fernanda , Beristain‐Guevara César Ignacio , Pascual‐Pineda Luz Alicia , Rascón‐Díaz Martha Paola , Luna‐Solano Guadalupe , Jiménez‐Fernández Maribel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStarch extracted from chayote root is a carbohydrate polymer ideal for producing edible films, especially when combined with essential oils. This study develops starch‐based edible films incorporating rosemary (E‐RO) or cinnamon (E‐CO) essential oil and assesses their effectiveness in extending bread's shelf life. Films with essential oils exhibit significantly higher (p < 0.05) water vapor permeability compared to control films without oil. Tensile strength and elongation tests show that films stored at low water activity (aw < 0.443) have greater strength and lower elongation (p < 0.05) than those stored at high water activity. Additionally, essential oils significantly enhance the films' antimicrobial and antifungal activity against selected microorganisms. Edible films with essential oils are fully degraded around day 18, while control films degraded by day 15. Bread coated with these films is stored at different temperatures to analyze effects on physicochemical properties and hardness. Sensory analyses reveal that coated bread receives overall acceptance scores (7.61–8.64) similar to control bread and show delayed mould growth during the 15‐day storage period. These findings suggest that chayote root starch‐based films with essential oils have strong potential as active food coatings, effectively extending the shelf life of stored bread.
On DORIS Precise Orbit and Reference Frame Determination Based on the ITRF2020 Using Multiple Altimetry Satellite Missions
Authors: Reinhold Anton , Schreiner Patrick , Neumayer Karl Hans 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFollowing extensive evaluations, the latest realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 2020 (ITRF2020), was published at the end of last year. For operational application, certain extensions of an ITRF are generated by the services of the different space geodetic techniques. The extension of the ITRF2020 for the Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) technique, is the recently released DPOD2020, which is generated by the International DORIS Service (IDS). In this study we exhibit the differences that we see in the application of the DPOD2020. For this purpose, we use altimetry satellites equipped with a DORIS receiver in a setup using the latest DPOD2014 and DPOD2020. Initially we performed Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and evaluate the differences we see internally, in terms of the orbital fit, as well as changes in the derived orbit. Subsequently, weekly local terrestrial reference frames (TRFs) are computed for each single satellite as well as a combined solution to evaluate the impact on derived station coordinates and Earth Rotation Parameters (ERPs). The following generated TRF solutions are evaluated with respect to the reference frame defining parameters, i.e. origin, scale, and orientation, in comparison to the a priori TRF and as differences between ITRF2014 and ITRF2020 solutions. The processed orbits show comparable results w.r.t. orbital fits and orbit comparisons between both solutions. The local TRF’s show also overall good agreement between the ITRF2020 and ITRF2014 solutions with no systematic bias.
Meteorite Impact Origin of Yangju Circular Structure in the Middle Part of the Korean Peninsula Estimated by Gravity Field Interpretation
Authors: Choi Sungchan , Kim Sung-Wook , Shin Younghong , Choi Eun-Kyeong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo ascertain the origin of the Yangju-Circular-Structure (YCS), located north of Seoul, South Korea, extensive gravity surveys were conducted. A collaborative analysis, integrating geology, geomorphology, gravity field interpretation, and density modeling, yielded significant insights:(1) The eastern region of the YCS, adjacent to the Dongducheon fault line, has been displaced approximately 3,000 m southward. This substantial shift provides crucial evidence of significant tectonic activity affecting the area. (2) Our analyses indicate that the formation of the YCS is unlikely to be a result of differential weathering processes. (3) The YCS features three distinct concentric circular structures with varying in diameter. (4) The subsurface structure beneath the YCS appears to be symmetrical, likely resulting from concentric energy waves caused by an external impact, such as a meteorite.
Analysis of Novel Sensors and Satellite Formation Flights for Future Gravimetry Missions
Authors: Kupriyanov Alexey , Reis Arthur , Knabe Annike , Fletling Nina , HosseiniArani Alireza , Romeshkani Mohsen , Schilling Manuel , Müller Vitali , Müller Jürgen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccelerometers (ACCs) in low-low satellite-to-satellite gravimetry missions measure the non-gravitational forces acting on the spacecraft that have to be taken into account to derive the gravitational contribution in the distance variations. Multiple ACCs form a so-called gradiometer that measure the gravity gradient. In satellite gravimetry up to now, only electrostatic ACCs were used, which are one of the main instrumental limitations due to their error contribution at low frequencies, known as drift.In this paper, we compare the performance of electrostatic ACCs at low Earth orbits with other sensors, i.e. so-called Optical ACCs based on flight heritage of the LISA-Pathfinder mission, and theoretical ACC concepts, for example Cold Atom Interferometer (CAI) ACCs and hybridized sensors (combination of electrostatic and CAI ACCs) in terms of static gravity field recovery. Under our assumptions, in particular that high-frequency variations of the gravity field can be perfectly modeled and removed during gravity field recovery, the results may be limited in the future by the performance of the LRI.We also discuss the outcomes from the various novel satellite formation flights (SFF) that utilize two orbits that differ either by right ascension of the ascending node (RAAN) or by inclination in order to acquire ranging information in the cross-track direction. The closed-loop simulations from both scenarios showed significantly lower order of magnitude of the residuals w.r.t. reference gravity field than from the anticipated future performance of the solely in-line GRACE-like satellite pair. Moreover, these triple satellite formations provide better multi-directionality of the retrieved data, avoiding the North-South striping behavior. However, it is worth noting that in such formations significant modifications are needed in the satellite bus, ACC test mass readout, LRI beam steering mechanism, etc. in order to be capable of measuring the cross-track range changes at higher range rates w.r.t. in-line GRACE-like configuration. In addition, a substantial reduction of costs in building and launching only three satellites rather than four as in double-pair constellations could be an advantage for such formations.
Bitcoin: Vehicle for Speculation and Fictitious Wealth Generation in the Age of Finance Capital
Authors: Schulmeister Stephan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe chapter offers a synthetic and compact view of the essence and functions of the bitcoin phenomenon in the context of the still prevailing type of capitalism, that is, finance capitalism. Hence, it addresses the following issues: What are the core properties of bitcoins? How are their enormous price fluctuations brought about? What is the impact of the related creation and destruction of “fictitious” financial wealth on the real economy? How is the phenomenon of cryptocurrencies embedded into that type of capitalism where striving for profits is focused on changes in the valuation of already existing assets? This “finance capitalism” has been shaping the global economy for almost 50 years—in contrast to the “real capitalism” of the 1950s and 1960s where striving for profits was focused on producing new real assets.
The Weaponization of Finance and Digitalization: A Cooperative Approach Between the EU and LAC
Authors: Bilotta Nicola 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSince the demise of the Gold Standard, the US dollar has stood as the sole global currency, empowering the United States with considerable foreign policy leverage. However, developments like economic dislocations, geopolitical tensions, and digitalization pose challenges that could lead to fragmentation in the global monetary system. The risk is forming economic blocs that establish parallel, non-complementary systems that impede the free flow of capital and money across borders. The potential rise of national Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) offers a new tool to reshape the international monetary architecture for settling cross-border transactions. This chapter proposes a cooperation exercise between the European Union (EU) and the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region to explore and develop interoperable CBDC systems. The EU and LAC share a common interest in collaborating to influence the architecture of the following international monetary system. The cooperative development of CBDC experiments presents an opportunity for the EU and LAC to shape the future of cross-border transactions and strengthen their positions in the evolving international financial order.
The European Union Will Be Built on Solidarity: Lessons Learned and the Financial Crisis Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: De Souza Guilherme Bettina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEver since the outbreak of the global financial crisis (GFC) in 2007/2008, the European Union (EU) is confronted by a new reality of poly- and permacrisis which requires the EU to constantly adjust and reform. Crises management responses, however, vary in their legitimacy, which affects the evolution of the EU in the long term, and its resilience. In a previous publication in the context of the research conducted by the Jean Monnet Network ‘Crisis-Equity-Democracy for Europe and Latin America’, I focused on EU’s crisis management of the global financial crisis (GFC) and subsequent sovereign debt crisis (SDC) and showed that they were managed in an intergovernmental way, largely sidelining the European Parliament (EP) and national parliaments, creating a ‘double democratic deficit’ (De Souza Guilherme, 2020). This chapter compares the EU responses to the COVID-19 to the GFC, analyses and explains the paradigm change introduced in the financial management of the COVID-19 crisis, in particular, the creation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in 2020, and focuses on democratic aspects of the crisis management at EU level. The articles highlights the role of the EP in this process and how it contributed to the input and throughput legitimacy of the response and concludes that the management of the COVID-19 crisis by the community method strengthened EU’s legitimacy and contributed to its resilience, reflecting and confirming Jean Monnet’s and Robert Schuman’s visions.
Financing Recovery and Development in the Post-pandemic EU: Issues of Strategy, Institutions and Implementation
Authors: Andreou George 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEU cohesion policy—a network of variable mixes of European and national sectoral policies serving the objective of economic, social and territorial cohesion—was the main source of growth-supporting EU investment during the economic and financial crisis of the previous decade. In 2020, in its attempt to mitigate the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 crisis, the EU established a new, temporary recovery instrument called NextGenerationEU. The centrepiece of the latter is the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), which has been activated for a 6-year period through the implementation of National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs). RRF also aims at promoting the goal of cohesion but is also focused on strengthening economic and social resilience, mitigating the social and economic impact of the crisis and supporting the green and digital transitions. For 2021–2026, RRF and the cohesion policy are operating in parallel, funding similar—though not identical—investment activities based on different terms and conditions, processes and mechanisms. The goal of this chapter is to offer a comparative analysis of the activities of RRF and cohesion policy in post-pandemic Europe, focusing on issues of strategy, institutions and implementation.
Circular Economy Best Practices in the Built Environment
Authors: Cervantes Puma Genesis Camila , Salles Adriana , Turk Janez , Rajčić Vlatka , Muñoz Puche Almudena , Korniejenko Kinga , Tsalkatidis Themistoklis , Tavares Vanessa , Martos Rocio Pineda , Ruchinskaya Tatiana , Bragança Luís 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis document serves as the opening chapter of a book that addresses the critical issue of resource depletion in the built environment, illustrating the unsustainable trends in current construction and demolition practices that extensively rely on new raw materials. It highlights the significant impact of the building sector on global resource consumption, energy utilization, and waste generation, with alarming statistics such as buildings accounting for 40% of the world’s extracted materials and a significant source of waste and greenhouse gas emissions. Advocating for a transformative shift towards a circular economy in the built environment, the text emphasizes sustainable and regenerative economic practices that minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency. This approach necessitates the redesign of systems to ensure the durability, reparability, and recyclability of construction materials, thereby promoting a model where waste is systematically eliminated and materials are continually repurposed. The document also discusses the 10R strategy, which centres on minimizing waste and enhancing resource efficiency, and explores various circular practices within the construction sector. It includes examples from case studies and best practices to demonstrate the viability and advantages of adopting circular economy principles. The challenges and success factors in implementing such practices are thoroughly examined, emphasizing the urgent need for increased awareness, supportive policies, and robust stakeholder collaboration to foster a more sustainable and resource-efficient built environment. The first chapter sets the stage for a detailed exploration of these themes throughout the book’s subsequent sections.
Adaptive Reuse of Existing Buildings
Authors: Andreucci Maria Beatrice , Karagözler Selin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmid the introduction of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, the longevity and lifecycle of heritage and modern buildings and the process of redevelopment have come under greater scrutiny. Through adaptive reuse, i.e., changes that involve both a functional and a physical component, practitioners can give a second life to existing buildings. To define the state of the art in the scientific research focused on building adaptive reuse, the authors conducted a rapid evidence assessment. It emerged that adaptive reuse is comprehensive topic that deals with social, economic and environmental issues. The goal of the adaptive reuse studies varies from social to environmental topics such as human-centred adaptive reuse, and energy efficient adaptive reuse. A comprehensive approach to adaptive reuse requires integrated strategies aimed at preserving valuable pre-existing human artifacts in the Anthropocene era, characterized by unsustainable consumption and transience of data and images. Adaptive reuse combines pragmatism and creativity and requires sensitivity in the selective approach on existing structures, contexts, and materials. Adaptive reuse projects call for specific skills and targeted strategies that falls into different action categories: reuse, restoration and renewal, i.e., innovative transformations of the “old and degraded” into “new and performative”. Overall, adaptive reuse optimizes environmental sustainability, efficient regeneration processes, increased community interest, and profitability, making it an attractive opportunity for stakeholders seeking to revitalize urban and peri urban areas. Adaptive reuse projects deliver workable solutions, support heritage and cultural preservation, while meeting the changing needs of communities.
Circular Manufacturing
Authors: Fohl François , Rajčić Vlatka , Ungureanu Viorel , Palermo Michele , Arrè Lidiana , Carević Ivana , Buzatu Raluca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCircular Manufacturing (CM), understood as CE strategies adopted in manufacturing, takes a key position in decoupling industry growth from environmental impacts. To achieve a transition into circular economy in construction, a clear view on the state-of-the art is crucial. Construction materials such as concrete, cross-laminated timber or steel have an environmental impact during their production and circularity is not always given. Knowing that the design phase of a product defines a big part of its overall environmental footprint, this chapter discusses CM principles and most commonly pursued CM strategies for steel, concrete and timber. Effects and impacts on buildings and eventual challenges are discussed. Furthermore, Additive Manufacturing (AM), as a possible key driver of circularity is analysed. The reduction of material use is identified as key driver in order to reduce material flows, however structural safety and durability needs to be assured. The design and mixture of construction products and materials itself together with an efficient design process in the projects are essential pillars of CM. Prefabrication, modular construction as well as DfD and DfA are key principles that can be achieved with all the analysed construction materials but are more widespread in steel construction today.
Design Frameworks for Circular Buildings: Circular Principles, Building Lifecycle Phases and Design Strategies
Authors: Marchesi Marianna , Tavares Vanessa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter explored the current theory and practices on circular building design to provide an overview of what a circular building is and how a circular building has been implemented by design through a literature review. Until now, the circular economy in the built environment has mainly been implemented through technological innovation focusing on materials, products, business models and industrial systems. Design for a circular economy in the built environment has progressively expanded from single products and components to building and urban systems. The enlargement of the design scope has entailed a shift from insular to system innovation. Besides a technocentric approach focused on circulating resources through economic and technical innovation, a holistic vision has emerged in the literature that sees circularity as a transformation which integrates technological, social, organizational and institutional considerations of circularity to promote systemic changes in large urban social-technical systems. This study initially investigated the current understanding of the circular building concept, and then analysed design frameworks applied to develop circular buildings by reviewing the literature. Finally, it defined propositions for evaluating the current level of implementation of circular buildings This exploration provided an overview of the current body of knowledge on the circular building concept, a classification of existing design frameworks and strategies for implementing the circular building concept and the identification of relevant propositions to test through case study research to assess the level of implementation of circular buildings.
Circular Material Usage Strategies—Principles
Authors: Santos Paulo , Byrne Aimee , Karaca Ferhat , Villoria Paola , del Rio Mercedes , Pineda-Martos Rocío , Cervantes Puma Genesis Camila 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe construction industry significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, raw material extraction, and waste production. Implementing circular economy (CE) principles in this sector could greatly reduce these impacts. However, adoption within the industry remains slow due to barriers such as limited knowledge and experience. This chapter aims to assess and help overcome these obstacles by providing a comprehensive analysis of circular material usage principles and strategies in construction. It also highlights opportunities and enablers of change, including innovations and emerging technologies in recycling, digitization, robotic systems, new materials, and processing techniques. Four case studies illustrate the application of circular theory through a Bio-Building, Urban Mining and Recycling (UMAR) Experimental Unit, Open-spaced apartment, and an “Escuela Politécnica Superior”. The conclusions emphasize the need for strong regulatory frameworks, awareness initiatives, and international cooperation. Integrating technological advancements like AI, robotics, and blockchain is crucial for optimizing waste management. Additionally, education on circular practices is vital. By fostering global collaboration, standardizing circular construction approaches can lead to a more sustainable and resilient building industry.
Evolution of China–Africa Cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation: A Way to Capacity Building
Authors: Lin Xianlan , Zhang Xiao , Wang Siqian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChina–Africa relations go back to ancient times when scientific and technological exchanges already emerged, and are being greatly driven by cooperation in science, technology and innovation (STI). There are generally three stages of the evolution of China–Africa cooperation in STI: “mutual exchanges” focused cooperation from the Han Dynasty to the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), “direct aid” focused cooperation from the founding of the PRC to the late twentieth century, and “capacity building” oriented cooperation since the beginning of the twenty-first century. In the new era, two versions of the China–Africa Science and Technology Partnership Program (CASTEP), namely, the “CASTEP 1.0” and the “CASTEP 2.0”, are implemented and advanced, targeting national capacity building to realize transformation and development, which have made certain achievements. China–Africa cooperation in STI sees new opportunities and challenges brought by profound changes unseen in a century, the evolving international political and economic landscape, and the ongoing new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation. In response to this, capacity building-oriented is still the future direction of China–Africa cooperation in STI. Both sides need to further strengthen the strategic significance of China–Africa cooperation in STI and the consensus on development, expand China–Africa cooperation in the fields of new technologies, and diversify and improve mechanisms of cooperation.