bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of extortion strategies on the evolution of cooperation in the scale-free network
Authors: Shen Ai-Zhong , Guo Jin-Li , Wang Jun-Fang , Suo Qi 
Published: November 2018

Extortion strategies can unilaterally transcend any opponent’s expected payoffs and promote cooperative behaviors in an iterated prisoner’s dilemma game. However, extortion strategies have the evolutionary instability if the players game with uniform structure. In this paper, we study the influence of extortion on the evolution of cooperation in the scale-free network with the player’s game payoffs calculated by average payoffs and the strategy update rule according to the replicator dynamics rule. Firstly, we study the stability of evolutionary game results after introducing the extortion strategy and the influence of evolution extortion on cooperation. In addition, we compare the results of our model with the donation games of the accumulated payoff in the BA networks. Moreover, we study the influence of the model parameters on game results. The results show that extortion can form long-term stable relationships with neighbors and the average payoffs’ inhibiting effect of cooperative behaviors disappear after introducing the extortion strategies in the scale-free network. The smaller value of the extortion actor and the benefit factor have a greater effect on the stability density of the strategies but the initial strategy density does not.
The Safety and Efficacy of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training for Rehabilitation After Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy: A Pilot Investigation
Authors: Palmer Andrew D. , Bolognone Rachel K. , Thomsen Skipp , Britton Deanna , Schindler Joshua , Graville Donna J. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives: Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is a safe, effective intervention that can be performed at home and may be beneficial for individuals with voice and swallowing disorders. To date there have been few studies of EMST in the head and neck cancer population, and there are no previous reports of its use after supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL). The current prospective clinical pilot study was undertaken to determine the safety and efficacy of a 4-week treatment program. Methods: Six participants were recruited who had previously undergone SCPL, were medically stable, and had no contraindications for use of the device. At baseline, objective respiratory measurements were collected, dietary status was recorded, and participants were asked to complete a series of validated self-report instruments relating to voice, swallowing, breathing, and cough. Following the completion of treatment, baseline measures were repeated, and participant feedback was solicited. Results: The majority of individuals found the device easy to use (83%) and beneficial (83%). The side effects of treatment were relatively minor and included dizziness, muscle inflammation, and vocal fatigue. There were improvements in 2 measures from before to after treatment, namely, an average 21% increase in peak cough flow (from 371.67 to 451.33 L/min) and a 38% decrease on the Dyspnea Index (from 6.17 to 3.83). Other measures showed inconsistent changes. Conclusions: EMST appeared to improve cough strength and reduce dyspnea symptoms after SCPL. Further study of the relative efficacy of EMST compared to other rehabilitation protocols after SCPL is needed.
Month-of-birth-effect in multiple sclerosis in Austria
Authors: Walleczek Nina-Katharina , Frommlet Florian , Bsteh Gabriel , Eggers Christian , Rauschka Helmut , Koppi Stefan , Assar Hamid , Ehling Rainer , Birkl Christoph , Salhofer-Polanyi Sabine , Baumgartner Anna , Blechinger Stephan , Buchinger Dominic , Sellner Johann , Kraus Jörg , Moser Hermann , Mayr Markus , Guger Michael , Rathmaier Sandra , Raber Bettina , Liendl Herburg , Hiller Maria-Sophie , Parigger Silvia , Morgenstern Gabriele , Kempf Ines , Spiss Heinrich K , Meister Birgit , Heine Martin , Cisar Astrid , Bachler Herbert , Khalil Michael , Fuchs Siegrid , Enzinger Christian , Fazekas Franz , Leutmezer Fritz , Berger Thomas , Kristoferitsch Wolfgang , Aboulenein-Djamshidian Fahmy 
Published: November 2018

Background: The month-of-birth-effect (MoBE) describes the finding that multiple sclerosis (MS) patients seem to have been born significantly more frequently in spring, with a rise in May, and significantly less often in autumn and winter with the fewest births in November. Objectives: To analyse if the MoBE can also be found in the Austrian MS population, and if so, whether the pattern is similar to the reported pattern in Canada, United Kingdom, and some Scandinavian countries. Methods: The data of 7886 MS patients in Austria were compared to all live births in Austria from 1940 to 2010, that is, 7.256545 data entries of the Austrian birth registry and analysed in detail. Results: Patterns observed in our MS cohort were not different from patterns in the general population, even when stratifying for gender. However, the noticeable and partly significant ups and downs over the examined years did not follow the distinct specific pattern with highest birth rates in spring and lowest birth rates in autumn that has been described previously for countries above the 49th latitude. Conclusion: After correcting for month-of-birth patterns in the general Austrian population, there is no evidence for the previously described MoBE in Austrian MS patients.
The Absence of TLR4 Prevents Fetal Brain Injury in the Setting of Intrauterine Inflammation
Authors: Tulina Natalia M. , Brown Amy G. , Barila Guillermo O. , Elovitz Michal A. 
Published: November 2018

Background:Exposure to intrauterine inflammation during pregnancy is linked to brain injury and neurobehavioral disorders in affected children. Innate immunity, specifically Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways are present throughout the reproductive tract as well as in the placenta, fetal membranes, and fetus. The TLR pathways are mechanistically involved in host responses to foreign pathogens and may lead to brain injury associated with prenatal inflammation.Objective:We aimed to determine whether the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway, in the mother and fetus, is critical to fetal brain injury in the setting of intrauterine inflammation.Methods:A mini-laparotomy was performed on time pregnant C57B6 mice and 2 knockout mouse strains lacking the function of the Tlr4 and Myd88 genes on embryonic day 15. Intrauterine injections of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide or saline were administered as described previously. Dams were killed 6 hours postsurgery, and placental, amniotic fluid, and fetal brain tissue were collected. To assess brain injury, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis was performed on multiple components of the NOTCH signaling pathway, including Hes genes. Interleukin (IL) IL6, IL1β, and CCL5 expression was assessed using qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Using an established mouse model of intrauterine inflammation, we demonstrate that the abrogation of TLR4 signaling eliminates the cytokine response in mother and fetus and prevents brain injury associated with increased expression of transcriptional effectors of the NOTCH signaling pathway, Hes1 and Hes5.Conclusions:These data show that the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway is necessary for the development of fetal brain injury in response to intrauterine inflammation.
The Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Substantial Clinical Benefit in the Patient-Reported Outcome Measures of Patients Undergoing Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Knee
Authors: Ogura Takahiro , Ackermann Jakob , Mestriner Alexandre Barbieri , Merkely Gergo , Gomoll Andreas H. 
Published: November 2018

Objective Little is known regarding the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) with regard to the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Lysholm score, and Short Form 12 (SF-12) score of patients who undergo osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA). We aimed to determine the MCID and SCB associated with those patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after OCA. Design We analyzed the data of 86 consecutive patients who underwent OCA and who completed satisfaction surveys at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively and had at least one repeated PROM. MCID was determined using an anchor-based method: the optimal cutoff point for receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curves. If an anchor-based method was inapplicable, distribution-based methods were employed. SCB was determined using ROC curve analysis. Results Based on the ROC curve analysis, MCID was 16.7 for KOOS pain, 25 for KOOS sports/recreation, and 9.8 for IKDC. SCB was 27.7 for KOOS pain, 10.7 for KOOS symptom, 30 for KOOS sports/recreation, 31.3 for KOOS quality of life, 26.9 for IKDC, 25 for Lysholm, and 12.1 for SF-12 physical component summary. No significant association was noted between SCB achievement and the baseline patient factors and baseline PROMs. Conclusion We demonstrated the MCIDs and SCBs of several PROMs in patients undergoing OCA. These results will aid the interpretation of the effect of treatment and clinical trial settings. Moreover, the SCBs will help surgeons in the counseling of patients, where patients expect optimal results rather than minimal improvement.
Randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy in COPD
Authors: Heslop-Marshall Karen , Baker Christine , Carrick-Sen Debbie , Newton Julia , Echevarria Carlos , Stenton Chris , Jambon Michelle , Gray Joanne , Pearce Kim , Burns Graham , De Soyza Anthony 
Published: November 2018

Anxiety is an important comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated if cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), delivered by respiratory nurses, reduced symptoms of anxiety and was cost-effective.Patients with COPD and anxiety were randomised to CBT or self-help leaflets. Anxiety, depression and quality of life were measured at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from a National Health Service hospital perspective and quality-adjusted life-years estimated using the EuroQol-5D questionnaire.In total, 279 patients were recruited. Group mean change from baseline to 3 months in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Anxiety Subscale was 3.4 (95% CI 2.62–4.17, p<0.001) for the CBT group and 1.88 (95% CI 1.19–2.55, p<0.001) in the leaflet group. The CBT group was superior to leaflets at 3 months (mean difference in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Anxiety Subscale was 1.52, 95% CI 0.49–2.54, p=0.003). Importantly, the CBT intervention was more cost-effective than leaflets at 12 months, significantly lowering hospital admissions and attendance at emergency departments.CBT delivered by respiratory nurses is a clinically and cost-effective treatment for anxiety in patients with COPD relative to self-help leaflets.
Cost-effectiveness of a combined intervention of long lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying compared with each intervention alone for malaria prevention in Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Alemayehu , Lindtjørn Bernt , Deressa Wakgari , Gari Taye , Loha Eskindir , Robberstad Bjarne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), for malaria prevention, have been established in several studies. However, the available evidence about the additional resources required for a combined implementation (LLIN + IRS) with respect to the added protection afforded is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of combined implementation of LLINs and IRS, compared with LLINs alone, IRS alone, and routine practice in Ethiopia.MethodsThe study was performed alongside a cluster randomized controlled trial of malaria prevention conducted in Adami Tullu district, in Ethiopia, from 2014 to 2016. In addition, literature-based cost-effectiveness analysis—using effectiveness information from a systematic review of published articles was conducted. Costing of the interventions were done from the providers’ perspective. The health-effect was measured using disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, and combined with cost information using a Markov life-cycle model. In the base-case analysis, health-effects were based on the current trial, and in addition, a scenario analysis was performed based on a literature survey.ResultsThe current trial-based analysis showed that routine practice is not less effective and therefore dominates both the combined intervention and singleton intervention due to lower costs. The literature-based analysis had shown that combined intervention had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of USD 1403 per DALY averted, and USD 207 per DALY averted was estimated for LLIN alone. In order for the ICER for the combined intervention to be within a range of 1 GDP per capita per DALY averted, the annual malaria incidence in the area should be at least 13%, and the protective-effectiveness of combined implementation should be at least 53%.ConclusionsBased on the current trial-based analysis, LLINs and IRS are not cost-effective compared to routine practice. However, based on the literature-based analysis, LLIN alone is likely to be cost-effective compared to 3 times GDP per capita per DALY averted. The annual malaria probability and protective-effectiveness of combined intervention are key determinants of the cost-effectiveness of the interventions.Trial registrationPACTR201411000882128 (Registered 8 September 2014).http://www.pactr.org/ATMWeb/appmanager/atm/atmregistry?dar=true&tNo=PACTR201411000882128
Helicobacter pylori CagA promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition in gastric carcinogenesis via triggering oncogenic YAP pathway
Authors: Li Nianshuang , Feng Yan , Hu Yi , He Cong , Xie Chuan , Ouyang Yaobin , Artim Stephen C. , Huang Deqiang , Zhu Yin , Luo Zhijun , Ge Zhongming , Lu Nonghua 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) delivers oncoprotein CagA into gastric epithelial cells via the T4SS and drives activation of multiple oncogenic signalling pathways. YAP, a core effector of the Hippo tumour suppressor pathway, is frequently overexpressed in human cancers, suggesting its potential tumor-promoting role. Although CagA is a casual factor in H. pylori induced gastric carcinogenesis, the link between CagA and YAP pathway has not been identified. In this work, we investigated the regulation of oncogenic YAP pathway by H. pylori CagA.

Methods
Expression of YAP and E-cadherin protein in human gastric biopsies were assessed by immunohistochemistry. H. pylori PMSS1 cagA− isogenic mutant strains were generated. Gastric epithelial cells were co-cultured with H. pylori wild-type cagA+ strains or isogenic mutants and were also treated by recombinant CagA expression. Immunofluorescence was performed for YAP localization. Immunoblot and quantitative PCR were performed for examining levels of YAP, downstream effectors and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Verteporfin and siRNA silencing were used to inhibit YAP activity.

Results
YAP is significantly upregulated in human gastric carcinogenesis. We generated PMSS1 CagA isogenic mutant strains with chloramphenicol resistance successfully. Our analysis indicated that H. pylori infection induced YAP and downstream effectors in gastric epithelial cells. Importantly, knockout of CagA in 7.13 and PMSS1 strains reduced the expression of YAP by H. pylori infection. Moreover, Inhibition of YAP suppressed H. pylori infection-induced Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Conclusion
Our results indicated that H. pylori CagA as a pathogenic protein promotes oncogenic YAP pathway, which contributes to EMT and gastric tumorigenesis. This study provided a novel mechanistic insight into why cagA+H. pylori infection is associated with a higher risk for the development of gastric cancer.
Temperature- and humidity-induced changes in alum-treated wood: a qualitative X-ray diffraction study
Authors: McQueen Caitlin M. A. , Steindal Calin C. , Narygina Olga , Braovac Susan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Alum-treated wooden artefacts suffer from extreme deterioration, and the stability of these objects and the salts they contain to variations in climate conditions is an important issue. Responses of potassium alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O), ammonium alum (NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O), potassium bisulfate (KHSO4) and alum-treated wood to changing temperature and relative humidity (RH) were therefore investigated at the crystalline level using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD analysis showed changes in the crystal structures of alum salts that suggest some degree of dehydration starting at 40 °C at 15% RH. Rehydration of such dehydrated alum in Oseberg wood samples was still ongoing after 2 years. However, alum salts on their own and in alum-treated wood generally appeared to be stable to most of the changing climate conditions. Conversely, the minor potassium bisulfate component found in some samples was very sensitive to all changes in RH and temperature, and may even cause changes to the alum component under some conditions. This may be related to the efflorescence of K9H7(SO4)8·H2O crystals seen on some fragments after long-term exposure to high RH. These findings can help to refine RH and temperature limits for alum-treated objects, and also demonstrate the utility of temperature- and RH-controlled XRD for qualitative monitoring of climate-induced changes in such salt-impregnated materials.
From Total Volume to Sequence Maps: Sophisticated Accelerometer Data Analysis
Authors: CHINAPAW MAI J. , WANG XINHUI , ANDERSEN LARS BO , ALTENBURG TEATSKE M. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To date, epidemiological studies have focused on the potential health effects of total volume of physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior (SB). However, two persons may have the same volume of PA or SB but accumulated in a completely different sequence. The pattern of accumulating PA and SB might be more important for health effects than the total volume. Therefore, the aim was to develop a sophisticated algorithm translating accelerometer data into detailed sequence maps considering how PA and SB are accumulated throughout the day.

Methods
We developed a novel algorithm to convert accelerometer counts into a sequence map based on behavior states defined by a combination of intensity (SB, light, moderate, and vigorous intensity) and duration (sporadic accumulation or in bouts of different duration). In addition, hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to identify clusters of children with similar behavioral sequence maps.

Results
Clustering resulted in seven clusters of children with similar PA and SB sequence maps: an average cluster (33% of children); a cluster with relatively more SB, light, and moderate PA in bouts (SB and PA bouters, 31%); a cluster characterized by more sporadic SB and light PA (light activity breakers, 26%); and four smaller clusters with 7% of the children or less.

Conclusion
This novel algorithm is a next step in more sophisticated analyses of accelerometer data considering how PA and SB are accumulated throughout the day. The next step is identifying whether specific patterns of accumulating PA and SB are associated with improved health outcomes.
The correct publication dates of Felix de Avelar Brotero’sPhytographia Lusitaniae selectior, with notes on his personal library
Authors: Figueiredo Estrela , Silva Vasco , Smith Gideon F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe show that two early, multi‐volume works on the Portuguese flora, all authored by Felix de Avelar Brotero, have the following publication dates:Flora Lusitanica: 1804 andPhytographia Lusitaniae selectior: 1801 (fasciculus 1), 1817 (volume 1) and 1834/1835 (volume 2).
25 Years of Microplasma Science and Applications: A Status Report
Authors: Becker K. H. 
Published: November 2018

<p>Microplasmas gained recognition as a distinct area of research within the larger field of plasma science about 25 years ago. Since then, the activity in microplasma research and applications has continuously increased. This paper provides a summary of some of the pertinent developments of microplasma sources that have contributed to making this field an exciting and rapidly growing area of interest, both in terms of scientific challenges and technological opportunities.</p>
Video-Mediated Listening and Multiliteracies
Authors: Losada Rivas Jhon Jairo , Suaza Cardozo David Alfonso 
Published: November 2018

Multiliteracies is an innovative approach that helps understanding learning and teaching processes in current times. Besides, how these processes take place in new societies, regarding multiplicity and diversity in changing contexts, situations, meaning sources and discourses. Based on the need to explore the incidence of multiliteracies in EFL education, this study presents the ways in which video-mediated listening activities contribute to the construction of new meanings in an EFL setting. This qualitative action research was carried out at a private school of Rivera, Huila with 11th grade students. Pedagogical interventions involved all students (16), nonetheless convenience sampling was used to narrow research data to six participants. The goal was to analyze how the construction of meaning was developed through the implementation of video-mediated listening activities under a multiliteracies approach. Data were collected through field notes, pupil diaries, interviews and students’ artifacts obtained from class implementations. The findings show that students established interactions with different sources of information provided by the videos that enabled them to create and disclose new meanings derived from their transformed interpretations. The results also shed light on how video-mediated listening activities foster students’ understandings of their own learning processes. Keywords: Video-mediated listening, meaning-making process, multiliteracies, EFL learning.
Ekstrak Tanaman Binahong sebagai Pengendali Penyakit Hawar Pelepah Daun Padi
Authors: Yulia Endah , Widiantini Fitri 
Published: November 2018

Binahong Extract for Controlling Sheath Blight Disease of Rice PaddySheath blight disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is an important disease that can affect rice production. The disease is commonly controlled using synthetic fungicides. This study was aimed to test the potential of binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia) as botanical fungicide to inhibit the growth of R. solani and the development of blight disease on rice seedlings. The research was conducted in 2 stages, i.e. in vitro and rice seedling testing. In vitro test was carried out on PDA medium containing different concentrations of binahong leaf extract (0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%). Rice seedling testing was completed by soaking rice seeds in five concentrations of binahong leaf extract followed by inoculation of R. solani. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design. The variables observed consist of inhibitory ability of binahong leaf extract, colony morphology of R. solani, and disease incidence. Binahong leaf extract inhibited 35.2% growth of R. solani colonies. Treatment of binahong leaf extract had some effects on mycelium of R. solani; macroscopically the mycelium was shorter, thinner and congregated, whereas microscopically it was smaller, elongated and tended to be colourless compared to control. The treatment of 2% binahong leaf extract on rice seeds decreased the incidence of seedling blight disease with the effectiveness reached 100%. Thus, binahong leaf extract has the potential to suppress sheath blight disease caused by R. solani.