bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear stationary magnetoconvection in a rotating fluid
Authors: TAGARE S. G. 
Published: July 2002

We investigate finite-amplitude magnetoconvection in a rotating
fluid in the
presence of a vertical magnetic field when the axis of rotation is parallel
to a
vertical magnetic field. We derive a nonlinear, time-dependent, one-dimensional
Landau–Ginzburg equation near the onset of stationary convection
at
supercritical pitchfork bifurcation whenformula hereand a nonlinear time-dependent second-order ordinary differential equation
when
Ta=T*a
(from below).
Ta=T*a
corresponds to codimension-two bifurcation
(or secondary bifurcation), where the threshold for stationary convection
at the
pitchfork bifurcation coincides with the threshold for oscillatory convection
at
the Hopf bifurcation. We obtain steady-state solutions of the one-dimensional
Landau–Ginzburg equation, and discuss the solution of the nonlinear
time-dependent second-order ordinary differential equation.
Which patients talk about stressful life events and
social problems to the general practitioner?
Authors: DEL PICCOLO L. , SALTINI A. , ZIMMERMANN C. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Life events and social problems are common
in primary-care attenders and contribute
to the high rate of emotional distress observed in this setting but are
often not disclosed during the
consultation. Physicians' characteristics associated with patients'
disclosure of psychosocial
problems are well documented, but less empirical evidence is available
on the contribution of
patients' variables.Method. Logistic regression analyses were performed on a set
of clinical and psychosocial data
from 319 primary-care attenders with stressful life events and/or social
problems in the presence or
absence of emotional distress, in order to identify the variables that
predict disclosure of such
problems during the consultation.Results. Two-thirds of patients with stressful life events
and social problems had mentioned them
to their GP. In both sexes a positive attitude about confiding and emotional
distress were the best
predictors of confiding. In men they accounted for 76% of correct predictions
and, in women,
together with past confiding, long-lasting relationship with GP, and coexistence
of life events and
social problems, for 81%. A positive confiding attitude was related in
males to age and severity of
medical condition and in females to age and experience of past confiding.Conclusions. In view of the high prevalence of positive attitude
towards confiding the efforts by GPs
should focus on the reduction of disclosure thresholds. This would require
increased abilities to
elicit psychosocial information and show emphatic understanding of patients'
life difficulties. By
contrast there is a need to promote a positive attitude in confiding that
concerns only a minority
of primary-care patients. More data are needed for shaping more specific
strategies for these
patients.
Sleep, dreaming, and brain activation
Authors: Franzini Carlo 
Published: July 2002

Both Solms and Nielsen acknowledge the difficulty of accounting for the similarities between REM and NREM sleep mentation with a two-generator model, and each link dreams, either explicitly (Solms) or implicitly (Nielsen), to brain activation. At present, however, no data indicate that brain activation can be demonstrated whenever vivid dream reports are obtained.[Nielsen; Solms]
Incomes in retirement in the UK:
changes in the debate since 1996 and
prospects for the future
Authors: HUTTON SANDRA 
Published: July 2002

My previous report on incomes in retirement (Hutton 1996) was
written in June 1996. Almost a year later, the UK election in May 1997

led to a change in government and, in the following November, to a
review of pension provision. The results of this review will be announced

in a Green Paper due in the Autumn 1998. Prior to the election the
political parties made statements and election pledges on pensions, so

that it has been a time of some clarity of position but also, until the

results of the review are published, of considerable uncertainty. The
areas for debate, however, have been well set out.Two years ago I concluded:It will be interesting…to see what progress or otherwise has
occurred in
ensuring an adequate income in retirement, more equal provision for men

and women, in the movement towards funded pensions, in the role of the

state pension, and in the progress of the minimum pension guarantee.
(Hutton 1996: 785)In this report I will first discuss where the debate on these issues
has
gone. Policy developments will then be set out, and finally I will
identify questions to be asked in evaluating the pensions' review
when
it is published.
The sources of Russian conduct: understanding Russian foreign policy
Authors: SHEARMAN PETER 
Published: July 2002

Theory, politics, and the Cold War In this review I examine academic study on Russian foreign policy since the end of the Cold War, with special emphasis on relations with the United States. It is common, when discussing the study of international politics during the Cold War, to refer to the ‘dominance’, or ‘hegemony’, of Realism, and then to argue that the unanticipated end of the ‘bipolar’ conflict demonstrates the failure of the theory for not having been able, due to its focus on structural features of material power, to foresee its peaceful conclusion. Although there is much wrong with Realism as a theory in explaining international politics at this time, it should be noted that there were other contending approaches that also got the Cold War wrong. Similarly, those specialists writing on Soviet foreign policy who shared realist assumptions, and hence constructed their analytical frameworks on the basis of geopolitics and the pursuit of the national interest, were also unable to conceive of an end to the bipolar conflict. Others, who did perceive change on the basis of alterations in the relative power capabilities between the two major powers, predicted that this would lead not to a peaceful resolution of the Cold War, but to violent conflict. This was the view of Edward Luttwak, who suggested in 1983 that the weakness of the Soviet economy would lead to declining faith in the political regime and ultimately to a greater willingness to engage in military adventures.
Record grooves and salsa dance moves: the viejoteca phenomenon in Cali, Colombia
Authors: WAXER LISE 
Published: July 2002

Disfrutar recordando
tiempos de ayer
al compás de música aprendida
a fuerza de bailarla.
Revivir la emoción de aquellos
Momentos involvidables
y sentir que somos los mismos . . .To enjoy while remembering
moments of yesteryear
to the rhythm of music learned
by force of dancing to it.
To live again the emotion of those
unforgettable moments
and feel that we are the same . . .Slogan on a poster for Changó Viejoteca, 1995In the southwest Colombian metropolis of Cali, recorded music has come to exert an unusually strong force on local
popular culture in this century. Not only did recordings play a key role in establishing Cuban music, and later, salsa,
as the principal musical style of the city, they also became the basis for the record-centred dance scene that predominated in Cali during the 1940s through to the 1970s, and continued to be important as the live scene flourished during
the 1980s and 1990s. The centrality of recorded music for Caleños (the inhabitants of Cali) challenges the privileging,
in most scholarly work, of live performance as more ‘real’ or ‘authentic’ than its mediated versions. Indeed, for many
decades, ‘playing music’ in Cali literally meant putting on a record, as a source of music for other social and expressive
activities. The term disco (literally, record disc) still exists as a local synonym for ‘song’, even when it is a live
rendition of a song, e.g. ‘vamos a tocar ese disco’ (let's perform that song).
The fate of the Midland yeoman: tenants, copyholders, and freeholders
as farmers in North Buckinghamshire, 1620–1800
Authors: BROAD JOHN 
Published: July 2002

The history of rural landownership at the village level has been dominated
by a series of particular problems. At one end of the spectrum the process
of estate-building by gentry and aristocracy, the transition from feudal
manorial tenures to compact tenanted estates, and the creation of ‘closed’
or estate villages, has been relatively well documented. At the other the
‘problem’ of the disappearance of the small landowner, prompted a
century ago as the rural tradition began to become a minority interest, has
shifted away from its original focus on the owner-occupied family farm.
It has increasingly concentrated on the fate of the smallholder and
cottager and more recently on the interplay of landownership and
common rights. This particular emphasis has tended to narrow research
to the post-1780 parliamentary enclosure period where sources such as
land tax, enclosure awards, and tithe returns make nominal linkages more
feasible at a lower wealth level in society, and on a year-to-year basis.This article concentrates not on the smallholder and cottager, but on
the farming community – men (and occasionally women) making a living
from holdings of 30 acres, or one to one and a half yardlands and upwards
– and the choices and decisions they faced owning or tenanting lands. It
examines the literature concerning communities in a broad band of central
England south of the Pennines and north of the Thames. Detailed
examples will be taken from mid- and northern-Buckinghamshire villages,
an area of open fields but early and piecemeal enclosure, in the years
between 1620 and 1800.
Acquisition and carriage of meningococci in marine
commando recruits
Authors: RIORDAN T. , CARTWRIGHT K. , ANDREWS N. , STUART J. , BURRIS A. , FOX A. , BORROW R. , DOUGLAS-RILEY T. , GABB J. , MILLER A. 
Published: July 2002

Meningococcal acquisition is a prerequisite for invasive disease.
Three hundred and eleven male
marine commando recruits were studied throughout 29 weeks of basic training
to identify
factors influencing meningococcal carriage and acquisition including troop
number, season,
smoking, respiratory infection, antibiotic usage and nasopharyngeal bacterial
interference flora.A high carriage rate on entry to training (118/311, 37·9%)
and subsequent sustained high
rates of meningococcal acquisition were found. Of the potential factors
examined, only active
and passive smoking were found to be associated significantly with meningococcal
carriage on
entry. The association between active smoking and meningococcal carriage
was dose-dependent,
with odds ratios (OR) of 2·2 (95% CIs 1·0–4·8)
and 7·2 (95% CIs 2·3–22·9) for light and heavy

smokers respectively. Passive smoking predisposed independently to carriage
(OR 1·8, 95% CIs
1·1–3·0). Active and passive smoking combined to give
an attributable risk for meningococcal
carriage of 33%. In contrast, despite a high and sustained rate of meningococcal
acquisition in
the study population, none of the risk factors investigated, including
active smoking, was
associated significantly with meningococcal acquisition. No cases of meningococcal
disease
occurred during the 16-month study period. Therefore smoking may increase
the duration of
meningococcal carriage rather than the rate of acquisition, consistent
with the increased risk of
meningococcal disease from passive as opposed to active smoking. Public
health measures that
reduce the prevalence of smoking should reduce the risk of meningococcal
disease.
Measuring the outcomes of care in older people: a non-critical review of patient-based measures. I. General health status and quality of life instruments
Authors: Kliempt P. , Ruta D. , McMurdo M. 
Published: July 2002

IntroductionThe methodology of quality of life measurement has developed markedly in the last few years. Clinicians and researchers have increasingly acknowledged that the burden of illness can not be described only in terms of disease status. Measurement of psychosocial factors such as pain, restricted mobility, difficulties fulfilling family or work responsibilities, and psychological wellbeing provides a far more comprehensive and meaningful assessment of the impact of disease on the patient’s life. Similarly, such patient-based measures are increasingly replacing traditional clinical or disease indicators as the primary measures of outcome in clinical trials.
The impact of smoking in elderly people
Authors: Vetter Norman J 
Published: July 2002

Smoking has been closely implicated in many cardiovascular, lung and other diseases which are prevalent in the elderly, but most prevention programmes tend to be aimed at younger age groups.The prevention of smoking in retired people is a subject which is not yet fully researched, but there is a little information which suggests that it may be a worthwhile pursuit. Certainly, work has shown that longevity can be improved even in older people by stopping smoking. Coronary heart disease death rates for 65-74 year olds who have recently given up are similar to non-smokers. For other causes of death, especially lung cancer and bronchitis, the benefits of stopping smoking take up to five years to appear. In terms of morbidity, there are suggestions that ex-smokers move reasonably quickly towards the state of non-smokers for bone density, pulmonary function and muscle strength.
A semantic characterisation of the correctness of a proof net
Authors: RETORÉ CHRISTIAN 
Published: July 2002

The purpose of this note is to show that the correctness of a
multiplicative proof net with
mix is equivalent to its semantic correctness: a proof structure is a
proof net if and only if
its semantic interpretation is a clique, where one given finite coherence
space interprets all propositional variables.This is just an example of what can be done with these kinds of semantic
techniques; for
more information and further results, the reader is referred to
Retoré (1994).
Objective identification of frontal wave cyclones
Authors: Hewson T D 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis brief paper further develops the objective front‐plotting methodology described in Hewson (1996), to enable the tips of frontal wave cyclones to also be objectively identified. The method embraces a new definition of frontal waves, but is analogous to operational practice in that these waves are located where cold and warm fronts join. It is suggested that for the early stages of cyclonic development the new methodology will perform better than those previously published. Copyright © 1997 Royal Meteorological Society
Molecular Cloning, Genomic Organization, Developmental Regulation, and a Knock-out Mutant of a Novel Leu-rich Repeats-containing G Protein-coupled Receptor (DLGR-2) from Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Eriksen Kathrine Krageskov , Hauser Frank , Schiøtt Morten , Pedersen Karen-Marie , Søndergaard Leif , Grimmelikhuijzen Cornelis J.P. 
Published: July 2002

After screening the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project database with sequences from a recently characterized Leu-rich repeats-containing G protein-coupled receptor (LGR) fromDrosophila (DLGR-1), we identified a second gene for a different LGR (DLGR-2) and cloned its cDNA. DLGR-2 is 1360 amino acid residues long and shows a striking structural homology with members of the glycoprotein hormone [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin (LH/CG)] receptor family from mammals and with two additional, recently identified mammalian orphan LGRs (LGR-4 and LGR-5). This homology includes the seven transmembrane region (e.g., 49% amino acid identity with the human TSH receptor) and the very large extracellular amino terminus. This amino terminus contains 18 Leu-rich repeats—in contrast with the 3 mammalian glycoprotein hormone receptors and DLGR-1 that contain 9 Leu-rich repeats, but resembling the mammalian LGR-4 and LGR-5 that each have 17 Leu-rich repeats in their amino termini. The DLGR-2 gene is >18.6 kb pairs long and contains 15 exons and 14 introns. Four intron positions coincide with the intron positions of the three mammalian glycoprotein hormone receptors and have the same intron phasing, showing that DLGR-2 is evolutionarily related to these mammalian receptors. The DLGR-2 gene is located at position 34E-F on the left arm of the second chromosome and is expressed in embryos and pupae but not in larvae and adult flies. Homozygous knock-out mutants, where the DLGR-2 gene is interrupted by a P element insertion, die around the time of hatching. This finding, together with the expression data, strongly suggests that DLGR-2 is exclusively involved in development.[The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank/EMBL database with accession no. AF142343.]
Construction of Long-Transcript Enriched cDNA Libraries from Submicrogram Amounts of Total RNAs by a Universal PCR Amplification Method
Authors: Piao Yulan , Ko Naomi T. , Lim Meng K. , Ko Minoru S.H. 
Published: July 2002

Here we report a novel design of linker primer that allows one to differentially amplify long tracts (average 3.0 kb with size ranges of 1–7 kb) or short DNAs (average 1.5 kb with size ranges of 0.5–3 kb) from a complex mixture. The method allows one to generate cDNA libraries enriched for long transcripts without size selection of insert DNAs. One representative library from newborn kidney includes 70% of clones bearing ATG start codons. A comparable library has been generated from 20 mouse blastocysts, containing only ∼40 ng of total RNA. This universal PCR amplification scheme can provide a route to isolate very large cDNAs, even if they are expressed at very low levels.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession numbersBG060207–BG062928.]
A Cysteine Endopeptidase Isolated from Castor Bean Endosperm Microbodies Processes the Glyoxysomal Malate Dehydrogenase Precursor Protein
Authors: Gietl C. , Wimmer B. , Adamec J. , Kalousek F. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A plant cysteine endopeptidase with a molecular mass of 35 kD was purified from microbodies of germinating castor bean (Ricinus communis) endosperm by virtue of its capacity to specifically process the glyoxysomal malate dehydrogenase precursor protein to the mature subunit in vitro. Processing of the glyoxysomal malate dehydrogenase precursor occurs sequentially in three steps, the first intermediate resulting from cleavage after arginine-13 within the presequence and the second from cleavage after arginine-33. The endopeptidase is unable to remove the presequences of prethiolases from rape (Brassica napus) glyoxysomes and rat peroxisomes at the expected cleavage site. Protein sequence analysis of N-terminal and internal peptides revealed high identity to the mature papain-type cysteine endopeptidases from cotyledons of germinating mung bean (Vigna mungo) and French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds. These endopeptidases are synthesized with an extended pre-/prosequence at the N terminus and have been considered to be processed in the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to protein-storing vacuoles.
Light Promotion of Hypocotyl Gravitropism of a Starch-Deficient Tobacco Mutant Correlates with Plastid Enlargement and Sedimentation1
Authors: Vitha Stanislav , Yang Ming , Kiss John Z. , Sack Fred D. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Dark-grown hypocotyls of a starch-deficient mutant (NS458) of tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) lack amyloplasts and plastid sedimentation, and have severely reduced gravitropism. However, gravitropism improved dramatically when NS458 seedlings were grown in the light. To determine the extent of this improvement and whether mutant hypocotyls contain sedimented amyloplasts, gravitropic sensitivity (induction time and intermittent stimulation) and plastid size and position in the endodermis were measured in seedlings grown for 8 d in the light. Light-grown NS458 hypocotyls were gravitropic but were less sensitive than the wild type (WT). Starch occupied 10% of the volume of NS458 plastids grown in both the light and the dark, whereas WT plastids were essentially filled with starch in both treatments. Light increased plastid size twice as much in the mutant as in the WT. Plastids in light-grown NS458 were sedimented, presumably because of their larger size and greater total starch content. The induction by light of plastid sedimentation in NS458 provides new evidence for the role of plastid mass and sedimentation in stem gravitropic sensing. Because the mutant is not as sensitive as the WT, NS458 plastids may not have sufficient mass to provide full gravitropic sensitivity.
Analysis of Promoter Activity for the Gene Encoding Pyruvate Orthophosphate Dikinase in Stably Transformed C4Flaveria Species1
Authors: Rosche Elke , Chitty Julie , Westhoff Peter , Taylor William C. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The C4 enzyme pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase is encoded by a single gene, Pdk, in the C4 plantFlaveria trinervia. This gene also encodes enzyme isoforms located in the chloroplast and in the cytosol that do not have a function in C4 photosynthesis. Our goal is to identifycis-acting DNA sequences that regulate the expression of the gene that is active in the C4 cycle. We fused 1.5 kb of a 5′ flanking region from the Pdk gene, including the entire 5′ untranslated region, to the uidA reporter gene and stably transformed the closely related C4 speciesFlaveria bidentis. β-Glucuronidase (GUS) activity was detected at high levels in leaf mesophyll cells. GUS activity was detected at lower levels in bundle-sheath cells and stems and at very low levels in roots. This lower-level GUS expression was similar to the distribution of mRNA encoding the nonphotosynthetic form of the enzyme. We conclude that cis-acting DNA sequences controlling the expression of the C4 form in mesophyll cells and the chloroplast form in other cells and organs are co-located within the same 5′ region of the Pdk gene.
Apyrase Functions in Plant Phosphate Nutrition and Mobilizes Phosphate from Extracellular ATP1
Authors: Thomas Collin , Sun Yu , Naus Katie , Lloyd Alan , Roux Stanley 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
ATP, which is present in the extracellular matrix of multicellular organisms and in the extracellular fluid of unicellular organisms, has been shown to function as a signaling molecule in animals. The concentration of extracellular ATP (xATP) is known to be functionally modulated in part by ectoapyrases, membrane-associated proteins that cleave the γ- and β-phosphates on xATP. We present data showing a previously unreported (to our knowledge) linkage between apyrase and phosphate transport. An apyrase from pea (Pisum sativum) complements a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) phosphate-transport mutant and significantly increases the amount of phosphate taken up by transgenic plants overexpressing the gene. The transgenic plants show enhanced growth and augmented phosphate transport when the additional phosphate is supplied as inorganic phosphate or as ATP. When scavenging phosphate from xATP, apyrase mobilizes the γ-phosphate without promoting the transport of the purine or the ribose.