bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RCS measurement at terahertz waves for cylinders with different surface roughness
Authors: Song Yan , Li Yanpeng , Pang Shuang , Zhao Shanshan , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: April 2018

The radar cross‐section (RCS) measurements for cylinders with different surface roughness have performed in the terahertz bands. The terahertz radar system has 220 and 440 GHz carrier frequencies. It is a solid‐state system whose base band signal is generated by a phasor network analyser. The original recorded data are calibrated by the results of the smooth surface cylinder. These calibrated RCS results are compared with calculated results. The experiments suggested that targets with the rough surface will provide complicated scattering in terahertz. The results of this experiment can prove that the surface roughness of the target has a certain impact on RCS measurement results in the terahertz band.
Filtering power divider with harmonic suppression based on LTCC broadside coupling
Authors: Wu Di‐Si , Li Yuan Chun , Xue Quan 
Published: April 2018

A low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) filtering power divider with harmonic suppression is presented. It is composed of three resonators and one resistor. By using 3D technology, the two output resonators are symmetrically coupled to the input resonator to obtain the power splitting response. Each splitting path is composed of two resonators to achieve the filtering response. The resistor for isolation is located on the top layer and connected to the two output ports by vertical strips on the side walls. The broadside couplings between resonators produce required passband and stopband. A compact filtering power divider with the core size of 0.122λg × 0.1λg × 0.059λg is implemented. Good filtering, power splitting and isolation performance are achieved. What is more, the second harmonic is successfully rejected below 20 dB without any extra circuit.
Radar emitter classification based on unidimensional convolutional neural network
Authors: Sun Jun , Xu Guangluan , Ren Wenjuan , Yan Zhiyuan 
Published: April 2018

Radar emitter classification (REC) is an essential part of electronic warfare (EW) systems. In REC tasks, after deinterleaving, the intercepted radar signals are classified into specific radar types. With new radar types arising and the electromagnetism environment getting complicated, REC has become a big data problem. Meanwhile, there exist inconsistent features among samples. These two problems can affect the performance of classification. In this work, first, the authors designed a novel encoding method to deal with the inconsistent features. High‐dimension sequences of equal length are generated as new features. Then a deep learning model named unidimensional convolutional neural network (U‐CNN) is proposed to classify the encoded high‐dimension sequences with big data. A large and complex radar emitter's dataset is used to evaluate the performance of the U‐CNN model with the encoding method. Experiments show that the authors' proposal gains an improvement of 2–3% in accuracy compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods, while the time consumed for identifying 45,509 emitters is only 1.95 s using a GPU. Specifically, for 12 indistinguishable radars, the classification accuracy is improved about 15%.
Photophysical performances and morphology of phosphorescent electrospun fibres fabricated from iridium complex/PMMA blends
Authors: Liang Aihui , Cao Tian , Yang Xiulan , Chen Yi , Wang Han , Wang Zhiping , Liu Dewang , Luo Ming 
Published: April 2018

Yellow phosphorescent electrospun (ES) fibres were successfully fabricated from a binary blend of iridium complex/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by a single spinneret, whose diameters range from 350 to 1300 nm. Owing to the geometrical confinement of the electrospinning process, the aggregation of iridium complex Y1 in the ES fibres is much smaller than that in the spin‐coated films. Moreover, the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the ES fibres is much higher than that of the spin‐coated films. The lifetimes of ES fibres become shorter and the diameters of ES fibres become larger with increasing the ratio of Y1 in Y1/PMMA blend from 1 to 10%. In the scanning electron microscope images, the surface structure on the Y1/PMMA blend fibres was smooth and non‐porous, which probably because the high boiling point solvent of N,N‐dimethylformamide was used in the electrospinning process. The present work demonstrates that phosphorescent ES fibres can be prepared from the binary blend of iridium complexes/PMMA, which could be used in wearable organic light‐emitting diodes.
Synthesis of monodisperse α‐Al2O3 nanoparticles by a salt microemulsion method
Authors: Song Li , Dong Yan , Shao Qiyue , Jiang Jianqing 
Published: April 2018

Alpha alumina nanocrystals that are highly dispersible and have a high specific surface area play an important role in the field of catalytic supports and others. As the phase‐transformation temperature of α‐Al2O3 is 1000°C, it is extremely difficult to fabricate monodisperse nanoparticles. Here, the study reports a new method, referred as the salt microemulsion method, for the fabrication of monodisperse α‐Al2O3 nanoparticles, and the particle size could be tuned between 3 and 8 nm. The particles precipitated by demulsifying the microemulsion were analysed by transmission electron microscopy. The precipitated particles are found to be inclusions, with the Al2O3 precursor nanoparticles are dispersed and isolated by the K2SO4 nanoparticles. As the melting point of K2SO4 is 1065°C, the Al2O3 precursor nanoparticles are separated by the solid K2SO4 over the entire high‐temperature phase‐transition process. As a result, agglomeration and sintering of the α‐Al2O3 nanoparticles are prevented, leading to monodisperse α‐Al2O3 nanoparticles.
Melanin in human vestibular organs
Authors: Palma Silvia , Boldrini Paola , Nucci Raul , Fano Rita Adriana , Cenacchi Giovanna , Martini Alessandro 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
Melanin is a pigment widely found in animals and plants. It has long been observed in the inner ear, but its function there is not even now entirely clear. The protective role of melanin against damage caused by ageing, ototoxicity and noise is still a matter of debate.

Methods:
The current study discusses ultrastructural findings in the vestibular organs removed via the translabyrinthine approach for the resection of a schwannoma of the 8th cranial nerve. Our aim was to shed more light on the role of melanocytes in the inner ear, analyzing their features in human subjects.

Results:
Melanin granules were present in all of the cases studied: in some samples they appeared scattered in the cytoplasm, whereas in others they accumulated in the reserve area. There was no correlation between the presence of pigment and schwannoma dimensions other than a greater frequency of accumulation in the reserve areas in the melanocytes of patients with small tumours.

Conclusions:
Our findings and literature data confirm that melanocytes are an integral part of the endolymph production system and appear essential for balance and hearing functions, having a protective effect. Thanks to its semiconducting properties, melanin could be involved in absorbing the mechanical energy arising from sensory stimulation.
Proteomic analysis and prediction of amino acid variations that influence protein posttranslational modifications
Authors: Shi Shaoping , Wang Lina , Cao Man , Chen Guodong , Yu Jialin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Accumulative studies have indicated that amino acid variations through changing the type of residues of the target sites or key flanking residues could directly or indirectly influence protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and bring about a detrimental effect on protein function. Computational mutation analysis can greatly narrow down the efforts on experimental work. To increase the utilization of current computational resources, we ﬁrst provide an overview of computational prediction of amino acid variations that influence protein PTMs and their functional analysis. We also discuss the challenges that are faced while developing novel in silico approaches in the future. The development of better methods for mutation analysis-related protein PTMs will help to facilitate the development of personalized precision medicine.
Random forest based similarity learning for single cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Pouyan Maziyar Baran , Kostka Dennis 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Genome-wide transcriptome sequencing applied to single cells (scRNA-seq) is rapidly becoming an assay of choice across many fields of biological and biomedical research. Scientific objectives often revolve around discovery or characterization of types or sub-types of cells, and therefore, obtaining accurate cell–cell similarities from scRNA-seq data is a critical step in many studies. While rapid advances are being made in the development of tools for scRNA-seq data analysis, few approaches exist that explicitly address this task. Furthermore, abundance and type of noise present in scRNA-seq datasets suggest that application of generic methods, or of methods developed for bulk RNA-seq data, is likely suboptimal.

Results
Here, we present RAFSIL, a random forest based approach to learn cell–cell similarities from scRNA-seq data. RAFSIL implements a two-step procedure, where feature construction geared towards scRNA-seq data is followed by similarity learning. It is designed to be adaptable and expandable, and RAFSIL similarities can be used for typical exploratory data analysis tasks like dimension reduction, visualization and clustering. We show that our approach compares favorably with current methods across a diverse collection of datasets, and that it can be used to detect and highlight unwanted technical variation in scRNA-seq datasets in situations where other methods fail. Overall, RAFSIL implements a flexible approach yielding a useful tool that improves the analysis of scRNA-seq data.

Availability and implementation
The RAFSIL R package is available at www.kostkalab.net/software.html

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
GSEA-InContext: identifying novel and common patterns in expression experiments
Authors: Powers Rani K , Goodspeed Andrew , Pielke-Lombardo Harrison , Tan Aik-Choon , Costello James C 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) is routinely used to analyze and interpret coordinate pathway-level changes in transcriptomics experiments. For an experiment where less than seven samples per condition are compared, GSEA employs a competitive null hypothesis to test significance. A gene set enrichment score is tested against a null distribution of enrichment scores generated from permuted gene sets, where genes are randomly selected from the input experiment. Looking across a variety of biological conditions, however, genes are not randomly distributed with many showing consistent patterns of up- or down-regulation. As a result, common patterns of positively and negatively enriched gene sets are observed across experiments. Placing a single experiment into the context of a relevant set of background experiments allows us to identify both the common and experiment-specific patterns of gene set enrichment.

Results
We compiled a compendium of 442 small molecule transcriptomic experiments and used GSEA to characterize common patterns of positively and negatively enriched gene sets. To identify experiment-specific gene set enrichment, we developed the GSEA-InContext method that accounts for gene expression patterns within a background set of experiments to identify statistically significantly enriched gene sets. We evaluated GSEA-InContext on experiments using small molecules with known targets to show that it successfully prioritizes gene sets that are specific to each experiment, thus providing valuable insights that complement standard GSEA analysis.

Availability and implementation
GSEA-InContext implemented in Python, Supplementary results and the background expression compendium are available at: https://github.com/CostelloLab/GSEA-InContext.
A note on algal population dynamics
Authors: Brennen C E , Keady G , Imberger J 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This is a contribution to the special issue honoring the late John R. Blake of the University of Birmingham. All three authors had the pleasure of extensive technical interactions with John Blake during his career in the UK, USA and Australia and benefited both professionally and personally from his friendship. John’s work in developing fundamental mathematical solutions for Stokes’ flows and his application of those mathematical tools to analyses of microorganism locomotion led to special new insights into the world of small-scale swimming. This special issue devoted to John’s memory seems an appropriate occasion to present another fluid mechanical challenge associated with microorganisms, namely the dynamics of algal blooms. Though it is a special reduced-order model that is of limited practical value, John would have particularly enjoyed the analytical solution to the dynamics of algae that was presented by Rutherford Aris (1997, Reflections on Keats’ equation. Chem. Eng. Sci., 52, 2447–2455) in a somewhat eccentric paper. We revisit that solution in this paper and present an extension to Aris’ solution that includes sedimentation of the algae. We think that John would have enjoyed this solution and would, in all likelihood, have been able to expand upon it to include other features such as microorganism buoyancy variations (see, e.g. Kromkamp & Walsby 1990; Belov & Giles, 1997, Dynamical model of buoyant cyanobacteria. Hydrobiologia, 349, 87–97; Brookes & Ganf, 2001, Variations in the buoyancy response of Microcystis aeruginosa to nitrogen, phosphorus and light. J. Plankton Res., 23, 1399–1411), the death of algae (see, e.g. Serizawa et al., 2008a, Computer simulations of seasonal outbreak and diurnal vertical migration of cyanobacteria. Limnology, 9, 185–194; Reynolds, 1984, The Ecology of Freshwater Phytoplankton. Cambridge University Press), the swimming of algae (see, e.g. Pedley, 2016, Spherical squirmers: models for swimming micro-organisms. IMA J. Appl. Math., 81, 488–521) and other relevant hydrodynamic matters.
Almost automorphic synchronization of quaternion-valued high-order Hopfield neural networks with time-varying and distributed delays
Authors: Li Yongkun , Wang Huimei , Meng Xiaofang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the problem of the almost automorphic synchronization of quaternion-valued high-order Hopfield neural networks (QVHHNNs) with time-varying and distributed delays. Firstly, to avoid the non-commutativity of quaternion multiplication, we decompose QVHHNNs into an equivalent real-valued system. Secondly, we use the Banach fixed point theorem to obtain the existence of almost automorphic solutions of QVHHNNs. Thirdly, by designing a novel state-feedback controller and constructing suitable Lyapunov functions, we obtain that the drive-response structure of QVHHNNs with almost automorphic coefficients can realize the exponential synchronization. Our results are completely new. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility of our results.
K-Theory of Locally Compact Modules over Rings of Integers
Authors: Braunling Oliver 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We generalize a recent result of Clausen; for a number field with integers $\mathcal{O}$, we compute the K-theory of locally compact $\mathcal{O}$-modules. For the rational integers this recovers Clausen’s result as a special case. Our method of proof is quite different; instead of a homotopy coherent cone construction in $\infty$-categories, we rely on calculus of fraction type results in the style of Schlichting. This produces concrete exact category models for certain quotients, a fact that might be of independent interest. As in Clausen’s work, our computation works for all localizing invariants, not just K-theory.
Make the chemical industry clean with green chemistry: an interview with Buxing Han
Authors: Zhao Weijie 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the foreseeable future, human beings will continue to live on this blue planet named Earth. Our planet has limited space, resources and environmental carrying capacity, yet the human population and quality of life will continue to rise. Economic development and environmental protection are often conflicting goals, and it is a great challenge for us to achieve both at the same time: to develop sustainably. Green chemistry—the aim of making the whole industrial chain of chemistry and chemical industry environmentally friendly—has contributed, and will further contribute, to the sustainable development of the chemical industry. Recently, NSR talked with Buxing Han—an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and one of the leading scientists in this field. Han introduced the major scientific issues of green chemistry and talked about the challenges and future developments of this field.
Tractography Verified by Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Subcortical Stimulation During Tumor Resection Near the Corticospinal Tract
Authors: Münnich Timo , Klein Jan , Hattingen Elke , Noack Anika , Herrmann Eva , Seifert Volker , Senft Christian , Forster Marie-Therese 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Tractography is a popular tool for visualizing the corticospinal tract (CST). However, results may be influenced by numerous variables, eg, the selection of seeding regions of interests (ROIs) or the chosen tracking algorithm.

OBJECTIVE
To compare different variable sets by correlating tractography results with intraoperative subcortical stimulation of the CST, correcting intraoperative brain shift by the use of intraoperative MRI.

METHODS
Seeding ROIs were created by means of motor cortex segmentation, functional MRI (fMRI), and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS). Based on these ROIs, tractography was run for each patient using a deterministic and a probabilistic algorithm. Tractographies were processed on pre- and postoperatively acquired data.

RESULTS
Using a linear mixed effects statistical model, best correlation between subcortical stimulation intensity and the distance between tractography and stimulation sites was achieved by using the segmented motor cortex as seeding ROI and applying the probabilistic algorithm on preoperatively acquired imaging sequences. Tractographies based on fMRI or nTMS results differed very little, but with enlargement of positive nTMS sites the stimulation-distance correlation of nTMS-based tractography improved.

CONCLUSION
Our results underline that the use of tractography demands for careful interpretation of its virtual results by considering all influencing variables.
Microvascular Anastomosis: Proposition of a Learning Curve
Authors: Mokhtari Pooneh , Tayebi Meybodi Ali , Benet Arnau , Lawton Michael T 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Learning to perform a microvascular anastomosis is one of the most difficult tasks in cerebrovascular surgery. Previous studies offer little regarding the optimal protocols to maximize learning efficiency. This failure stems mainly from lack of knowledge about the learning curve of this task.

OBJECTIVE
To delineate this learning curve and provide information about its various features including acquisition, improvement, consistency, stability, and recall.

METHODS
Five neurosurgeons with an average surgical experience history of 5 yr and without any experience in bypass surgery performed microscopic anastomosis on progressively smaller-caliber silastic tubes (Biomet, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida) during 24 consecutive sessions. After a 1-, 2-, and 8-wk retention interval, they performed recall test on 0.7-mm silastic tubes. The anastomoses were rated based on anastomosis patency and presence of any leaks.

RESULTS
Improvement rate was faster during initial sessions compared to the final practice sessions. Performance decline was observed in the first session of working on a smaller-caliber tube. However, this rapidly improved during the following sessions of practice. Temporary plateaus were seen in certain segments of the curve. The retention interval between the acquisition and recall phase did not cause a regression to the prepractice performance level.

CONCLUSION
Learning the fine motor task of microvascular anastomosis adapts to the basic rules of learning such as the “power law of practice.” Our results also support the improvement of performance during consecutive sessions of practice. The objective evidence provided may help in developing optimized learning protocols for microvascular anastomosis.
Infrared spectro-polarimeter on the Solar Flare Telescope at NAOJ/Mitaka
Authors: Sakurai Takashi , Hanaoka Yoichiro , Arai Takehiko , Hagino Masaoki , Kawate Tomoko , Kitagawa Naomasa , Kobiki Toshihiko , Miyashita Masakuni , Morita Satoshi , Otsuji Ken’ichi , Shinoda Kazuya , Suzuki Isao , Yaji Kentaro , Yamasaki Takayuki , Fukuda Takeo , Noguchi Motokazu , Takeyama Norihide , Kanai Yoshikazu , Yamamuro Tomoyasu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
An infrared spectro-polarimeter installed on the Solar Flare Telescope at the Mitaka headquarters of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan is described. The new spectro-polarimeter observes the full Sun via slit scans performed at two wavelength bands, one near 1565 nm for a Zeeman-sensitive spectral line of Fe i and the other near 1083 nm for He i and Si i lines. The full Stokes profiles are recorded; the Fe i and Si i lines give information on photospheric vector magnetic fields, and the helium line is suitable for deriving chromospheric magnetic fields. The infrared detector we are using is an InGaAs camera with 640 × 512 pixels and a read-out speed of 90 frames s−1. The solar disk is covered by two swaths (the northern and southern hemispheres) of 640 pixels each. The final magnetic maps are made of 1200 × 1200 pixels with a pixel size of $1{^{\prime\prime}_{.}}8$. We have been carrying out regular observations since 2010 April, and have provided full-disk, full-Stokes maps, at the rate of a few maps per day, on the internet.
Pediatric Patient With Cerebral Metastasis From Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Korhonen Katrina , Zhuang Hongming 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Brain metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma is uncommon. Concurrent cerebral and pulmonary metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma is rare, especially in pediatric patients. We report a case of a brain metastasis revealed on post-therapy 131I scan in a 12 year old girl with thyroid cancer who also had diffuse pulmonary metastases which were partially responsive to sequential 131I therapy.
Sequential Sentinel Node Scintigraphy With Planar and SPECT/CT Images Revealed Contralateral Drainage From Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Relapse in a Patient With Bilateral Breast Cancer
Authors: Koizumi Mitsuru , Koyama Masamichi , Morizono Hidetomo , Miyagi Yumi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Radio-guided sentinel node (SN) biopsy is routinely performed in patients with early breast cancer. However, repeated SN scintigraphy in ipsilateral breast tumor relapse (IBTR) often shows extra-axillary drainage, including contralateral axilla. A patient diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer, of which one was IBTR, was studied by sequential radio-guided SN mapping, radiocolloid injection to an IBTR breast and scanning, and then radiocolloid injection to the other breast and scanning. This revealed the lymphatic flow from the IBTR breast to the contralateral axilla. Sequential method may help to depict contralateral axillary lymphatic flow from an IBTR breast in patients with bilateral breast cancer.