bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New gall-associated species of Allorhogas (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including a natural enemy of the weed Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Zaldívar-Riverón Alejandro , Martínez Juan José , Hanson Paul E. , Mayorga-Martínez Cristina , Salinas-Ramos Valeria B. , Faria Lucas D.B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNine species of the gall-associated doryctine genus Allorhogas Gahan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are described from Brazil (A. clidemiae Martínez and Zaldívar-Riverón new species, A. granivorus Zaldívar-Riverón and Martínez new species, A. mineiro Zaldívar-Riverón and Martínez new species, and A. vulgaris Zaldívar-Riverón and Martínez new species) and Costa Rica (A. brevithorax Zaldívar-Riverón and Martínez new species, A. pallidus Martínez and Zaldívar-Riverón new species, A. psychotria Zaldívar-Riverón and Martínez new species, A. punctatus Martínez and Zaldívar-Riverón new species, and A. tico Martínez and Zaldívar-Riverón new species). We provide host plant records for the described species, including information that reveals that at least three of them feed on seeds. Allorhogas granivorus had previously been confirmed to represent a natural enemy of the invasive weed Miconia calvescens de Candolle (Melastomataceae). Updated keys to the species of Allorhogas from Brazil and Costa Rica are provided.
Emerging Trends and Future Directions of Enabling Education
Authors: Roche Thomas , Syme Suzi 
Published: February 2018

In December 2017, the 6th Biennial National Association of Enabling Educators of Australia (NAEEA) Conference was hosted by Southern Cross University at the Gold Coast, Australia. The Biennial NAEEA Conference brings together educators and practitioners to collaborate on issues of relevance to enabling pathway programs leading to undergraduate university education. In this special issue of the Student Success Journal, the NAEEA conference’s top ranked research papers, as selected via a blind peer review process, have been included for publication.
Enabling Future Directions: NAEEA Invited Panel
Authors: Roche Thomas , Syme Suzi 
Published: February 2018

To bookend the 6th Biennial National Association of Enabling Educators of Australia (NAEEA) Conference, five invited speakers joined a panel on the future directions of enabling education locally and globally: David Bull, founding and outgoing Chair of the Association and also the Director of the University of Southern Queensland’s Open Access College, Australia; Professor Mike Osborne, Director of the Centre for Research and Chair of Adult and Lifelong Learning (CR&DALL) at the University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Professor Karen Nelson Pro Vice-Chancellor (Students) at the University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia; Professor Norm Sheehan, a Wiradjuri man and Director of Gnibi College at Southern Cross University, Australia; Associate Professor Nick Zepke Massey University, New Zealand. The panel discussion was facilitated by Karen Seary, Associate Dean at CQUniversity and recently elected Chair of the NAEEA. The panellists encouraged NAEEA members to strengthen enabling practice through a robust approach to research and documenting their practice whilst focusing on students and their success. The following excerpts were taken from a transcription of the panel by the authors, who have made all attempts to ensure the accuracy of information presented.
Walter Benjamin y el ‘ángel irónico’: Un ajuste de cuentas tardío con el Movimiento Juvenil
Authors: Vargas Mariela Silvana 
Published: February 2018

<p>Si bien la participación activa de Benjamin dentro del <em>Movimiento Juvenil</em> finalizó cuando su líder Gustav Wyneken se pronunció a favor de la guerra, la tarea de elaboración de aquella ruptura y la crítica de su militancia juvenil y sus supuestos se realizó en distintas etapas y se extendió durante mucho tiempo. Este trabajo analiza uno de esos momentos autocríticos, una reseña de los <em>Pensieri</em> de Giacomo Leopardi, escrita en 1928 en ocasión de la traducción alemana de los mismos. Mostraré que en aquel texto Benjamin efectúa un ajuste de cuentas tardío con su compromiso juvenil y, en particular, con la ambivalencia que rodeaba a la Idea de la juventud en relación al tipo de vínculo que ésta establecía entre escritura y acción política. </p>
Défis au Bas de la Pyramide
Authors: Garrette Bernard , Kozan Asli , Roulet Thomas 
Published: February 2018

Le « Bas de la Pyramide » (BdP), est-il le nouvel Eldorado pour les entreprises, ou seulement un miroir aux alouettes ? L’examen des activités « BdP » existantes montre que les entreprises ont beaucoup de mal à gagner de l’argent en offrant aux populations les plus pauvres de la planète des produits et des services qui sont censés contribuer à la résolution de problèmes sociaux ou environnementaux. Cet article suggère cependant que les entreprises doivent persévérer dans leurs efforts. Nous proposons des solutions pour surmonter les obstacles économiques, sociaux et politiques des projets « BdP » et discutons le rôle de ces initiatives en matière d’innovation et de croissance.
Le développement d’une capacité d’exploration : une analyse des réseaux sociaux des porteurs de projets au sein d’un centre de R&D d’une multinationale
Authors: Simon Fanny , Tellier Albéric 
Published: February 2018

Les capacités dynamiques reposent sur des processus organisationnels qui diffèrent selon que l’on s’inscrit dans une démarche d’exploitation ou d’exploration. Peut-on établir un lien entre les caractéristiques des réseaux sociaux dans lesquels sont engagés les acteurs des projets et le développement d’une capacité d’exploration ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons suivi pendant quatre ans les équipes dédiées à quatre projets d’exploration chez un fabricant de semi-conducteurs. Il apparaît que la structure du réseau et les type de liens peuvent faciliter le développement des capacités d’exploration. Notamment, les structures de type coeur/périphérie semblent propices au développement de ces capacités.
À la recherche d’un langage de l’action
Authors: Kauppi Niilo 
Published: February 2018

Dans le champ des Relations internationales, Vincent Pouliot développe une théorie du praticable comme une théorie « matérielle » de la pratique, complémentaire à celle des conséquences, de la convenance, de l’argumentation. La logique du praticable serait paradoxalement la base non théorique de toutes les théories en ri. Comment l’approche de Pouliot, inspirée par les travaux de Bourdieu, se prête-t-elle à ce genre d’exercice ? Deux questions me semblent essentielles pour une analyse sociologique de la pratique en ri d’un point de vue « webero-bourdieusien » : le rôle du politique et de la domination, puis la logique de la pratique.
Alteração de cor em simulação de dente escurecido, utilizando duas resinas compostas de mesma cor com diferentes opacidades
Authors: Donato Tais Rocha , Mathias Paula 
Published: February 2018

<p><strong>Introdução:</strong> O tratamento estético de dentes escurecidos é desafiador, especialmente quando o escurecimento ocorre de maneira pontual. Para alcançar bons resultados, é imprescindível, além do domínio da técnica restauradora, o conhecimento sobre a composição e características ópticas dos materiais restauradores. <strong>Objetivo:</strong> Avaliar a cor resultante da sobreposição de duas resinas compostas, quando utilizadas sobre um substrato escurecido. <strong>Metodologia:</strong> Na confecção dos corpos de prova, foram utilizadas duas matrizes metálicas e as resinas compostas Charisma A2 e OA2 e Opallis DA4 (simulando o substrato escurecido), perfazendo um total de 30 corpos de prova. As mensurações de cor foram realizadas em espectrofotômetro de reflexão (UV-2600; Shimadzu) e as leituras colorimétricas foram realizadas no programa Color Analysis, seguindo os parâmetros do sistema CIEL*a*b*. A análise estatística inferencial foi realizada pela ANOVA 1-critério. Para as comparações múltiplas, utilizou-se o teste Tukey (significância de 5%). <strong>Resultados:</strong> Entre as três variáveis, apenas na variável a* houve diferença estatística (p&lt;0,0001). <strong>Conclusão:</strong> Os resultados permitiram a observação de alteração colorimétrica após o uso de ambas as resinas, porém com melhores resultados para o grupo da resina AO2, quando em comparação com o grupo da A2.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Bioinspired Wood Nanotechnology for Functional Materials
Authors: Berglund Lars A. , Burgert Ingo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt is a challenging task to realize the vision of hierarchically structured nanomaterials for large‐scale applications. Herein, the biomaterial wood as a large‐scale biotemplate for functionalization at multiple scales is discussed, to provide an increased property range to this renewable and CO2‐storing bioresource, which is available at low cost and in large quantities. The Progress Report reviews the emerging field of functional wood materials in view of the specific features of the structural template and novel nanotechnological approaches for the development of wood–polymer composites and wood–mineral hybrids for advanced property profiles and new functions.
Identification of Three Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Subtypes by Machine Learning Integration of Synovial Histologic Features and RNA Sequencing Data
Authors: Orange Dana E. , Agius Phaedra , DiCarlo Edward F. , Robine Nicolas , Geiger Heather , Szymonifka Jackie , McNamara Michael , Cummings Ryan , Andersen Kathleen M. , Mirza Serene , Figgie Mark , Ivashkiv Lionel B. , Pernis Alessandra B. , Jiang Caroline S. , Frank Mayu O. , Darnell Robert B. , Lingampali Nithya , Robinson William H. , Gravallese Ellen ,   the Accelerating Medicines Partnership in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lupus Network, Bykerk Vivian P. , Goodman Susan M. , Donlin Laura T. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveIn this study, we sought to refine histologic scoring of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue by training with gene expression data and machine learning.MethodsTwenty histologic features were assessed in 129 synovial tissue samples (n = 123 RA patients and n = 6 osteoarthritis [OA] patients). Consensus clustering was performed on gene expression data from a subset of 45 synovial samples. Support vector machine learning was used to predict gene expression subtypes, using histologic data as the input. Corresponding clinical data were compared across subtypes.ResultsConsensus clustering of gene expression data revealed 3 distinct synovial subtypes, including a high inflammatory subtype characterized by extensive infiltration of leukocytes, a low inflammatory subtype characterized by enrichment in pathways including transforming growth factor β, glycoproteins, and neuronal genes, and a mixed subtype. Machine learning applied to histologic features, with gene expression subtypes serving as labels, generated an algorithm for the scoring of histologic features. Patients with the high inflammatory synovial subtype exhibited higher levels of markers of systemic inflammation and autoantibodies. C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly correlated with the severity of pain in the high inflammatory subgroup but not in the others.ConclusionGene expression analysis of RA and OA synovial tissue revealed 3 distinct synovial subtypes. These labels were used to generate a histologic scoring algorithm in which the histologic scores were found to be associated with parameters of systemic inflammation, including the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP level, and autoantibody levels. Comparison of gene expression patterns to clinical features revealed a potentially clinically important distinction: mechanisms of pain may differ in patients with different synovial subtypes.
Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Reaction of 1‐Tosyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with Morita–Baylis–Hillman Adducts: Synthesis of 3,4‐Fused Pyrroles
Authors: Jia Renmeng , Meng Jiang , Leng Jiaying , Yu Xingxin , Deng Wei‐Ping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA cascade reaction of rhodium azavinylcarbenes with Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) adducts enables a novel synthetic approach to 3,4‐fused pyrroles. The cascade reaction begins with the insertion of O−H bond into rhodium azavinylcarbenes, subsquent sigmatropic rearrangement provides substituted α,β‐unsaturated cyclic ketone intermediates. Then the intramolecular aza Michael addition/oxidative aromatization sequence give rise to a wide range of 3,4‐fused pyrroles in good yields, and with excellent functional group compatibility.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of stent type in endoscopic treatment of gastric leak after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Cosse C , Rebibo L , Brazier F , Hakim S , Delcenserie R , Regimbeau J M 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Gastric leak is the most feared surgical postoperative complication after sleeve gastrectomy. An endoscopic procedure is usually required to treat the leak. No data are available on the cost-effectiveness of different stent types in this procedure.

Methods
Between April 2005 and July 2016, patients with a confirmed gastric leak undergoing endoscopic treatment using a covered stent (CS) or double-pigtail stent (DPS) were included. The primary objective of the study was to assess overall costs of the stent types after primary sleeve gastrectomy. Secondary objectives were the cost-effectiveness of each stent type expressed as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER); the incremental net benefit; the probability of efficiency, defined as the probability of being cost-effective at a threshold of €30 000, and identification of the key drivers of ICER derived from a multivariable analysis.

Results
One hundred and twelve patients were enrolled. The overall mean costs of gastric leak were €22 470; the mean(s.d.) cost was €24 916(12 212) in the CS arm and €20 024(3352) in the DPS arm (P = 0·018). DPS was more cost-effective than CS (ICER €4743 per endoscopic procedure avoided), with an incremental net benefit of €25 257 and a 27 per cent probability of efficiency. Key drivers of the ICER were the inpatient ward after diagnosis of gastric leak (surgery versus internal medicine), type of institution (private versus public) and duration of hospital stay per endoscopic procedure.

Conclusion
DPS for the treatment of gastric leak is more cost-effective than CS and should be proposed as the standard regimen whenever possible.
Postoperative ileus following major colorectal surgery
Authors: Chapman S J , Pericleous A , Downey C , Jayne D G 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Postoperative ileus (POI) is characterized by delayed gastrointestinal recovery following surgery. Current knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical interventions and methodological challenges was reviewed to inform modern practice and future research.

Methods
A systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase databases was performed using search terms related to ileus and colorectal surgery. All RCTs involving an intervention to prevent or reduce POI published between 1990 and 2016 were identified. Grey literature, non-full-text manuscripts, and reanalyses of previous RCTs were excluded. Eligible articles were assessed using the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias.

Results
Of 5614 studies screened, 86 eligible articles describing 88 RCTs were identified. Current knowledge of pathophysiology acknowledges neurogenic, inflammatory and pharmacological mechanisms, but much of the evidence arises from animal studies. The most common interventions tested were chewing gum (11 trials) and early enteral feeding (11), which are safe but of unclear benefit for actively reducing POI. Others, including thoracic epidural analgesia (8), systemic lidocaine (8) and peripheral μ antagonists (5), show benefit but require further investigation for safety and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion
POI is a common condition with no established definition, aetiology or treatment. According to current literature, minimally invasive surgery, protocol-driven recovery (including early feeding and opioid avoidance strategies) and measures to avoid major inflammatory events (such as anastomotic leak) offer the best chances of reducing POI.
Defective Carbons Derived from Macadamia Nut Shell Biomass for Efficient Oxygen Reduction and Supercapacitors
Authors: Yan Xuecheng , Jia Yi , Zhuang Linzhou , Zhang Longzhou , Wang Kang , Yao Xiangdong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEfficient yet cost‐effective electrode materials play deciding roles in the widespread application of fuel cells, as precious metals, such as platinum (Pt), remain the main component of the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst. Herein, a type of biomass, macadamia nut shell (MNS), is utilized for synthesizing ORR catalysts, aiming at enhancing the activity and lowering the production cost of the electrode materials. Benefiting from a defective catalysis mechanism, the resulting defective MNS material (D‐MNS‐A) shows greatly improved ORR performance in alkaline solutions. The onset potential of D‐MNS‐A is only 29 mV more negative than that of the commercial Pt/C. Moreover, the durability of D‐MNS‐A is superior to that of Pt/C, and it presents excellent tolerance to methanol. In addition, D‐MNS‐A is an ideal material for supercapacitors. It exhibits a specific capacitance of 155 F/g under the current density of 1 A/g in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, which was further increased to 231 F/g after coating with MnO2. The defective nature combined with the highly porous structure of D‐MNS‐A render it a potential material for fuel cell and supercapacitor applications.
Reduced gene flow in a vulnerable species reflects two centuries of habitat loss and fragmentation
Authors: Stevens Kate , Harrisson Katherine A. , Hogan Fiona E. , Cooke Raylene , Clarke Rohan H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of landscape modification on gene flow of fauna is central to informing conservation strategies that promote functional landscape connectivity and population persistence. We explored the effects of large‐scale habitat loss and fragmentation on spatial and temporal patterns of gene flow in a threatened Australian woodland bird: the Grey‐crowned Babbler Pomatostomus temporalis. Using microsatellite data, we (1) investigated historical (i.e., pre‐fragmentation) and contemporary (i.e., post‐fragmentation) levels of gene flow among subpopulations and/or regions, (2) identified first‐generation migrants and likely dispersal events, (3) tested for signatures of genetic bottlenecks, (4) estimated contemporary and historical effective population sizes, and (5) explored the relative influences of drift and migration in shaping contemporary population structure. Results indicated that the functional connectivity of landscapes used by the Grey‐crowned Babbler is severely compromised in the study area. The proportion of individuals that were recent immigrants among all subpopulations were low. Habitat fragmentation has led to a clear division between subpopulations in the east and west, and the patterns of gene flow exchange between these two regions have changed over time. The effective population size estimates for these two regions are now well below that required for long‐term population viability (Ne < 100). Demographic history models indicate that genetic drift was a greater influence on subpopulations than gene flow, and most subpopulations show signatures of bottlenecks. Translocations to promote gene flow and boost genetic diversity in the short term and targeted habitat restoration to improve landscape functional connectivity in the long term represent promising conservation management strategies that will likely have benefits for many other woodland bird species.
Raising the Stakes for Nondiscrimination Protections in the ACA
Authors: Underhill Kristen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the struggle over the durability of the Affordable Care Act, defenders of the ACA stand guard at many fronts. A major contribution of the ACA to nondiscrimination law, however, appears increasingly vulnerable. The ACA established significant new nondiscrimination protections for patients under section 1557 and its implementing regulations. Several of these regulations—including protections on the basis of gender identity and pregnancy termination—are now under reconsideration at the Department of Health and Human Services, after a nationwide injunction lasting almost a year. Nondiscrimination laws matter, of course, because they promote equal access to health care. But focusing on discriminatory behavior alone is a narrow view of the purpose and potential of nondiscrimination rules—and underestimates the stakes of softening section 1557. To evaluate these protections, we must consider not only their impacts on discriminatory behavior but also their behavioral and attitudinal impacts on patients and communities. This is because supportive or stigmatizing rules can exert an expressive effect: laws communicate information about prevailing social norms, they give some norms greater authority by virtue of the state's support, and they can shape community values. Through these expressive impacts, nondiscrimination laws may affect not only discriminatory behavior in health activities but also the attitudes, beliefs, and decisions of people who are legally protected.
The Intimate Responsibility of Surrogate Decision‐Making
Authors: Lindemann Hilde 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDaniel Brudney's clear‐headed analysis, in this issue of the Hastings Center Report, of the difference between a patient's and a surrogate's right to make medical treatment decisions contributes to a longstanding conversation in bioethics. Brudney offers an epistemological and a moral argument for the patient's and the surrogate's right to decide. The epistemological argument is the same for both parties: the (competent) patient has a right to decide because she is presumed to know her own interests better than anyone else, and the surrogate is entitled to make decisions because she knows the patient better than anyone else. However, argues Brudney, the moral arguments are not parallel. The patient's moral right to decide for herself is an exercise of autonomy, but the only ground for the responsibility held by the surrogate, says Brudney, is that she knows the patient better than the health care professionals do. If in fact that's not the case, then she forfeits her right to be the patient's surrogate. For all the clarity and force of his argument, I think Brudney may be barking up the wrong tree. In cases of proxy decision‐making, it's intimacy, not knowledge, that does the heavy moral lifting.
SOILS INVESTIGATIONS: BY WHOM, HOW MUCH, WHEN, AND WHAT?
Authors: Ward Joseph S. 
Published: February 2018

The following three articles deal with various aspects of the physical—as opposed to the fiscal—foundation of water‐plant construction. They were originally presented at the Annual Conference on Jun. 15,1971.The main thrust of the lead article is that boring methods for obtaining soil samples have improved, but they still have their limitations. An alternate procedure is suggested that utilizes engineering soil maps when subsurface data are needed for relatively large areas.The second of the trio relates some of the experiences—both good and bad—in the St. Louis area during the past twenty years regarding subgrade problems and their solutions.In the final article, the author (a contractor) contends that his ilk is being left in the dark with respect to information about soil conditions in areas where it is important to excavate—to the disadvantage of all parties involved.