bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of individual nutrition support in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure at nutrition risk: a study protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Luo Qiumin , Wang Peipei , Wang Lu , Zheng Xingrong , Zhang Yeqiong , Xu Wenxiong , Peng Liang 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionMalnutrition is a common complication of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) typically associated with poor prognosis. Despite nutritional treatment, the outcomes for these patients are limited by the symptoms and complications associated with ACLF. So far, the benefits of nutritional interventions in these populations have not been proven. This study aims to explore a new nutritional intervention method for patients with HBV-ACLF and evaluate its safety and efficacy.Methods and analysisThis study is an investigator-initiated, nonblind, randomised controlled clinical trial. We will recruit 60 patients with HBV-ACLF according to the Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B criteria hospitalised in the Infectious Diseases Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Eligible patients will be randomly allocated to the nutrition support group (intervention group) and the control group in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the nutrition support group will receive 10 days of tailor-made nutrition therapy consisting of oral nutritional supplements and supplementary parenteral nutrition. Patients in the control group will receive standard nutrition with dietary advice. All assessments will be conducted at baseline, 30 days and 90 days. The primary outcome measure is the liver transplant-free mortality rate. The secondary indicators include the incidence of clinical adverse outcomes and changes in indicators such as muscle mass, muscle strength, physical function and quality of life (EQ-5D scale).Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (approval number: II2023-242-03). The results and conclusions of the clinical trial will be published in academic conferences or journals.Trial registration numberNCT06128421.
The QED nonfactorizable correction to the semileptonic charmed three-body B decays
Authors: Yang Yueling , Wang Liting , Li Jiazhi , Chang Qin , Sun Junfeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the nonfactorizable photonic corrections to the effective four-fermion vertex for the

$$\overline{B}$$

B
¯

$${\rightarrow }$$

→

$$D^{({*})}$$

D

(

∗

)

$$+$$

+

$${\ell }^{-}$$

ℓ

-

$$+$$

+

$$\bar{\nu }_{\ell }$$

ν

¯

ℓ

decays are considered at the quark level within SM, where

$${\ell }$$

ℓ

$$=$$

=

e,

$${\mu }$$

μ

and

$${\tau }$$

τ

. It is found that the QED corrections are closely related with the mass of the charged lepton. The QED contributions will enhance branching ratios, which results in the slight reduction of ratios

$$R(D^{(*)})$$

R
(

D

(

∗
)

)

and the relationship

$$R(D^{(*)})_{e}$$

R

(

D

(

∗
)

)

e

<

$$R(D^{(*)})_{\mu }$$

R

(

D

(

∗
)

)

μ

.
The cosmic timeline implied by the highest redshift quasars
Authors: Melia Fulvio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The conventional picture of supermassive black-hole growth in the standard model had already been seriously challenged by the emergence of

$$\sim 10^9\;M_\odot $$

∼

10
9

M
⊙

quasars at

$$z\sim 7.5$$

z
∼
7.5

, conflicting with the predicted formation of structure in the early

$$\varLambda $$

Λ

CDM Universe. But the most recent JWST discovery of a

$$\sim 10^8\;M_\odot $$

∼

10
8

M
⊙

source at

$$z\sim 10.1$$

z
∼
10.1

argues even more strongly against the possibility that these black holes were created in Pop II or III supernovae, followed by Eddington-limited accretion. Attempts at resolving this anomaly have largely focused on the formation of seeds via an exotic, direct collapse of primordial gas to an initial mass

$$\sim 10^5\;M_\odot $$

∼

10
5

M
⊙

– a process that has never been seen anywhere in the cosmos. Our goal in this Letter is to demonstrate that the emergence of these black holes is instead fully consistent with standard astrophysics in the context of the alternative Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmology known as the

$$R_\textrm{h}=ct$$

R
h

=
c
t

universe. We show that, while the predicted evolution in the standard model is overly compressed, the creation, growth and appearance of such high-z quasars fall comfortably within the evolutionary history in this cosmology, thereby adding considerable observational support to the existing body of evidence favoring it over the standard scenario.
The Protective Effects of Microbe Derived Antioxidants on Digestive Tissue Morphology, Functions, and Intestinal Microbiota Diversity of Eriocheir sinensis Exposed to Glyphosate
Authors: Song Yameng , Wu Mengyao , Cheng Yongxu , Niu Chao , Yu Xiaowen , Pang Yangyang , Yang Xiaozhen 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The use of glyphosate (Gly) has caused unnecessary economic losses to the aquaculture industry, but research on the effect of Gly on Eriocheir sinensis is very limited. The aim of this study is to reduce the negative effects of Gly, reduce yield loss, and improve economic benefits through nutritional feed control technology.Methods: The experiment involved 80 crabs randomly divided into four groups: control group, Gly group (48.945 mg/L), microbe‐derived antioxidant (MA) group, and Gly and MA treatment group. The study lasted for 7 days. In this study, the effects of Gly on the digestive function of E. sinensis were investigated using histology and spectrophotometer, and the gut microorganisms of E. sinensis were analyzed using high‐throughput sequencing technology.Results: The study found that exposure to Gly resulted in separation of the folds of the midgut mucosa of Eriocheir sinensis from the basement membrane, a decrease in the fold area of the hindgut mucosa, and an increase in the number of B cells in hepatic tubules. Additionally, the lipase activity of the intestine in the Gly group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the MA + Gly group, while the hepatopancreatic lipase decreased significantly. The amylase activity in the intestine and hepatopancreas of the Gly group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The trypsin activity in the hepatopancreas of the MA + Gly group was significantly higher than that of the Gly group. The Shannon diversity index in MA + Gly group was significantly lower than that in control group. At the phylum level, the abundance of the Campilobacterota in the MA + Gly group decreased. At the genus level, the proportion of the Citrobacter and Flavobacterium in the MA + Gly group decreased.Conclusion: Gly has certain effects on the digestive tissue function, intestinal microbial diversity index and intestinal microbiota structure of E. sinensis, and MA can ameliorate the negative effects of Gly on E. sinensis.
Therapeutic Targeting and Structural Characterization of a Sotorasib-Modified KRAS G12C–MHC I Complex Demonstrate the Antitumor Efficacy of Hapten-Based Strategies
Authors: Pandey Apurva , Rohweder Peter J. , Chan Lieza M. , Ongpipattanakul Chayanid , Chung Dong hee , Paolella Bryce , Quimby Fiona M. , Nguyen Ngoc , Verba Kliment A. , Evans Michael J. , Craik Charles S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Antibody-based therapies have emerged as a powerful strategy for the management of diverse cancers. Unfortunately, tumor-specific antigens remain challenging to identify and target. Recent work established that inhibitor-modified peptide adducts derived from KRAS G12C are competent for antigen presentation via MHC I and can be targeted by antibody-based therapeutics, offering a means to directly target an intracellular oncoprotein at the cell surface with combination therapies. Here, we validated the antigen display of “haptenated” KRAS G12C peptide fragments on tumors in mouse models treated with the FDA-approved KRAS G12C covalent inhibitor sotorasib using PET/CT imaging of an 89Zr-labeled P1B7 IgG antibody, which selectively binds sotorasib-modified KRAS G12C–MHC I complexes. Targeting this peptide–MHC I complex with radioligand therapy using 225Ac- or 177Lu-P1B7 IgG effectively inhibited tumor growth in combination with sotorasib. Elucidation of the 3.1 Å cryo-EM structure of P1B7 bound to a haptenated KRAS G12C peptide–MHC I complex confirmed that the sotorasib-modified KRAS G12C peptide is presented via a canonical binding pose and showed that P1B7 binds the complex in a T-cell receptor–like manner. Together, these findings demonstrate the potential value of targeting unique oncoprotein-derived, haptenated MHC I complexes with radioligand therapeutics and provide a structural framework for developing next generation antibodies.
Significance: Radioligand therapy using an antibody targeting KRAS-derived, sotorasib-modified MHC I complexes elicits antitumor effects superior to those of sotorasib alone and provides a potential strategy to repurpose sotorasib as a hapten to overcome resistance.
Correlation between dynamic balance, lower limb muscle power, and speed performance in sprinters: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chivate D. , Chakkalathy S. , Motimath B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The ability to balance and generate muscle force are critical components of sprint performance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between speed, lower limb muscle power, and dynamic balance in sprinters. A total of 75 sprinters, aged 18-30 years, from various sports academies and clubs in Belagavi, were recruited for this observational study. Dynamic balance was assessed using the Modified Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Multiple Single Leg Hop Stabilization Test (MSLHST), while muscle power was measured through the Sargent Jump Test. Speed was evaluated using the 30 m Sprint Test. Data analysis using Pearson’s correlation revealed a moderate positive correlation between speed and both dynamic balance (dominant leg r = 0.336, non-dominant leg r = 0.320) and muscle power (r = 0.32). Statistically significant correlations were observed between dynamic balance and speed (dominant leg , non-dominant leg ), and between muscle power and speed (). These findings suggest that improvements in dynamic balance and muscle power are associated with increased speed, highlighting their importance in sprint performance training.
Reviewing as a New Style of Reasoning in the Early Modern Period
Authors: Sgarbi Marco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the emergence of a new style of reasoning in early modern thought, that of reviewing, and how it changed the way of doing science and philosophy. It shows (1) how reviewing produced new objects of knowledge—that is, reviews in all their various formats; (2) how reviewing generated authorities and monopolies of knowledge, establishing new criteria for truth and falsehood, and affirming new trends and spheres of influences; (3) how reviewing created a new mode of intellectual work for scientists and philosophers, establishing articulated ways of sharing knowledge with an expectation of specific standards; (4) how reviewing as a form of testing knowledge and at the same time a way of making public the test follows the same pattern as the experimental style of reasoning, but while the latter was based on experimentation, the former used the dissemination of ideas as a warrant of their validity.
Korea’s State Practice of International Law: a Multifaceted Evaluation through Regional Perspectives
Authors: Lee Seokwoo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article provides a multifaceted evaluation of South Korea’s state practice of international law through diverse regional perspectives from Asian scholars. It examines Korea’s role as a middle power in shaping regional and global legal frameworks, the impact of its historical and geopolitical context on legal approaches, and its contributions to various areas of international law. The analysis highlights Korea’s active engagement in international organizations, commitment to human rights and environmental governance, and efforts to balance traditional alliances with new partnerships. The paper also emphasizes the importance of legal education in sustaining Korea’s engagement with international law and explores how Korea’s experiences offer valuable lessons for regional legal development. By synthesizing these varied viewpoints, this study offers insights into Korea’s evolving role in the international legal order and its potential to influence the future landscape of international law in Northeast Asia and beyond.
Philippines
Authors: Casis Rommel J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article explores South Korea’s evolving role and state practice in the realm of international law since its admission to the United Nations in 1991. It highlights Korea’s transformation from a recipient of international aid to an active contributor to global peacekeeping, development assistance, and international criminal justice. The analysis delves into key aspects of Korea’s international engagement, including its approach to territorial disputes, constitutional commitment to peace, and participation in human rights treaties. Particular attention is given to Korea’s domestic implementation of international legal obligations and its complex relationship with third-party dispute resolution, as exemplified by the Liancourt Rocks dispute with Japan. By evaluating Korea’s state practice and legal commitments, the article sheds light on its broader implications for international law and diplomacy.
Iran
Authors: Askari Pouria 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines South Korea’s implementation of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, emphasizing its commitment to integrating human rights within corporate governance. As a major global economy, Korea has adopted a national action plan focused on corporate accountability, mandatory human rights due diligence, and protection for whistleblowers. The article explores Korea’s efforts to align corporate practices with human rights standards, highlighting strategies that could inform the UN’s development of a legally binding instrument on business and human rights. Korea’s approach serves as a model for both developed and developing countries, offering a practical framework for advancing human rights within the business sector.
Fukushima Daiichi ALPS-Treated Water Discharge: Bolstering Norms to Protect the Marine Environment
Authors: Cheong Denise , S Nivedita 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The discharge of the ALPS-treated water from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station raises complex issues regarding the normative framework governing its impact on the marine environment. Due to its cross-cutting nature, international norms from both the nuclear and ocean domains are potentially applicable. While the International Atomic Energy Agency’s safety review has focused on assessing the consistency of Japan’s actions with the safety standards, less attention has been paid to international conventions relevant to the discharge. This article aims to (i) clarify the key international norms for marine environmental protection from both domains and consider how they interrelate; and (ii) identify governance challenges associated with these norms. It examines governance concerns related to safety standards and key international conventions, concluding with recommendations to strengthen and develop the normative framework.
Prevalence of hospital malnutrition in patients using nutritional support
Authors: de Almeida Santos Arimluz , de Abreu Silva Luciana , Mendes Chagas Gicele , Rodrigues Da Silva Vanessa , Duarte Camila Kümmel 
Published: December 2024

Objective To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients using nutritional support, considering it’s difficult to achieve nutritional goal and great risk to increase malnutrition. Methods A cross-sectional study with 102 patients over 18 years in use of enteral and/or parenteral nutritional therapy and monitored by the Nutritional Therapy Committee between December 2021 and August 2022. All data were collected from electronic medical records. Patients were diagnosed with Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) tools by the researchers. Results A total of 102 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 57.5 years (±16.7) and 63.7% were male. According to the SGA, 26.5% were classified as moderately and 44.1% as severely malnourished. According to the GLIM, 19.6% were moderately and 43.1% were severely malnourished. The two diagnoses showed a moderate agreement (0.46). When evaluating only the 26 patients with overweight or obesity, the GLIM identified one patient with malnutrition and the SGA identified six patients. Conclusions The SGA and the GLIM tool identified a high prevalence of malnutrition in patients using nutritional support in the hospital. The use of GLIM for diagnosis of malnutrition in hospitalized patients using nutritional support proved to be an excellent and practical tool, despite being less sensitive for patients with obesity. Subjective Global Assessment was a more sensitive tool in evaluating patients with malnutrition and using nutritional support. More studies are needed to confirm the use of lean mass reduction markers to identify the degree of malnutrition defined by GLIM in hospitalized patients.
The pattern of the distribution of incompetent segments within the great saphenous vein at C2 lower extremity: A report conforming to the 2024 IAC standards and guidelines
Authors: Hong Ki-Pyo , Kim Hyo-Hyun , Kim Do-Kyun 
Published: December 2024

Objectives To analyze the distribution of incompetent segments in the great saphenous vein (GSV) in Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, Pathophysiological (CEAP) classification C2 limbs to provide a reference for appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning. Methods We analyzed the distributions of incompetent segments in the GSVs of the C2 lower extremity undergoing duplex ultrasound from September 2017 to December 2023. The examined segments were the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ), GSV at the proximal thigh, GSV at the knee, and GSV below the knee. Results A total of 696 lower limbs from 540 patients (male 256, female 440) was analyzed. The mean age was 56 (ranging from 18 to 86), and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.0 kg/m2. There were 15 types of distribution of incompetent segments within the GSV, with the most common type (32.6%) being reflux from the SFJ to the GSV below the knee. Among the lower limbs with reflux at the SFJ, GSV at the proximal thigh or knee was competent in 10% of lower limbs. In the lower limbs with reflux at the proximal thigh GSV, 26% did not have reflux at the SFJ. The presence of reflux in each segment did not differ by sex, but those with reflux in the below-knee segment were older than those without reflux( p = .003). In each of the three segments above the knee, limbs with reflux had a higher BMI than those without reflux. Conclusions The most common distribution type was reflux from the SFJ to the below-knee segment, although this only accounted for about one-third of the cases. Various distribution types of incompetent segments within the GSV were identified, suggesting that reflux testing in multiple segments according to the latest guidelines for ultrasound examination of the lower extremity veins is necessary to avoid unnecessary treatment of segments without reflux.
Respiratory-rate Oxygenation index for Predicting Noninvasive Ventilation Associated With High-flow Nasal Cannula Failure in Acute Respiratory Failure Due to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Blakeley Camille , Pons Stéphanie , Pardo Emmanuel , Baron Elodie , Claviéras Noémie , Battisti Valentine , Assefi Mona , Constantin Jean-Michel 
Published: December 2024

Purpose The respiratory rate-oxygenation (ROX) index is used to predict high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) success in acute respiratory failure, including in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, no study has described its performance to predict failure of alternating sessions of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and HFNC in severe COVID-19 patients. Material and methods We conducted a monocentric retrospective cohort study. COVID-19 patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) for acute respiratory failure were treated by alternating sessions of HFNC and NIV. The primary endpoint was the ability for ROX index at 2 hours (h) of NIV initiation to predict HFNC/NIV failure defined by orotracheal intubation (OTI) within 7 days after noninvasive support initiation. Results One hundred and five patients were included in analysis, of which 47% ( n = 49) required OTI by day seven. ROX index values were significantly lower in intubated group at all time points but 24 h. In multivariate analysis, a ROX index at 2 h < 4.88 was associated with a higher risk of HFNC/NIV failure (Hazard Ratio 1.90 [95% Confidence Interval 1.03-3.51], p = 0.039). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for ROX index at 2 h was 0.702 [0.608-0.790]. Optimal cut-off value was 5.22. Sensitivity and specificity for predicting intubation with this threshold were 71.4% and 63.3%, respectively. Conclusions In our study, the ROX index had a good predictive power for alternating sessions of HFNC and NIV failure in patients with acute respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2.
Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Immunothrombosis in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Dungan Gabriel D. , Kantarcioglu Bulent , Odeh Ameer , Hoppensteadt Debra , Siddiqui Fakiha , Rohde Luke , Fareed Jawed , Syed Mushabbar A. 
Published: December 2024

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) induces proinflammatory processes which incite vascular endothelial activation and dysfunction. This study seeks to examine the potential relationship between various endothelial, inflammatory, thrombotic, and renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) biomarkers in AF patients. Blood samples were from AF patients (n = 110) prospectively enrolled in this study prior to their first AF ablation. Control plasma samples (n = 100) were used as reference. All samples were analyzed for endothelial (NO, ICAM-1, VEGF, TF, TFPI, TM, Annexin V), inflammatory (IL-6, TNFα, CRP), thrombotic (vWF, tPA, PAI-1, TAFI, D-dimer), and RAS (Renin, Ang-II) biomarkers using ELISA methods. Biomarker average comparisons and Spearman correlations were performed. AF patients showed varying levels of biomarker increase compared to controls. We observed a significant decrease of Ang-II in the AF population relative to controls when stratified for the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) upon study enrollment. AF patients showed statistically significant correlations between the following biomarkers: TNFα vs IL-6 (rs = 0.317, p = .004), ICAM-1 vs TNFα (rs = 0.527, p = .012), Annexin V vs VEGF (rs = 0.620, p < .001), CRP vs VEGF (rs = 0.342, p = .031), Ang-II vs tPA (rs = −0.592, p = .010), and tPA vs PAI-1 (rs = 0.672, p < .001). Our study demonstrated significant elevation of endothelial, inflammatory, and thrombotic biomarkers in AF patients compared to controls, with significant correlations between these biomarkers in the AF population. Future investigations are required to better elucidate the mechanistic pathways that lead to endothelial dysfunction and thromboinflammation in AF. This may provide novel therapeutic targets, that in addition to current anticoagulation practices, can best curtail thrombogenicity in AF.