bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practices That Support and Sustain Health in Schools: An Analysis of SHPPS Data
Authors: Lee Sarah M. , Miller Gabrielle F. , Brener Nancy , Michael Shannon , Jones Sherry E. , Leroy Zanie , Merlo Caitlin , Robin Leah , Barrios Lisa 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model provides an organizing framework for schools to develop and implement school health policies, practices, and programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of practices that support school health for each component of the WSCC model in US schools.METHODSData from the School Health Policies and Practices Study 2014 were analyzed to determine the percentage of schools with practices in place that support school health for WSCC components.RESULTSLess than 27% of schools had a school health council that addressed any specific WSCC component, but more than 50% had a coordinator for all but one component. The use of other practices that support school health varied widely across the WSCC components. For example, more than 80% of schools reported family engagement for health education and nutrition environment and services, but less than 50% reported family engagement for other components.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that many US schools are using practices that support school health and align with WSCC components, but improvement is needed. These results also highlight discrepancies in the types of practices being used.
Comparison of combination l‐asparaginase plus CHOP or modified MOPP treatment protocols in dogs with multi‐centric T‐cell or hypercalcaemic lymphoma
Authors: Angelo G. , Cronin K. , Keys D. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo compare the progression‐free survival of dogs with high‐grade T‐cell lymphoma treated with either a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone‐based or a modified mechlorethamine, vincristine, prednisone and procarbazine chemotherapy protocol.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective study, cases were selected based on histologic or cytologic diagnosis of lymphoma, T‐cell phenotype, hypercalcaemia, or both, and no previous chemotherapy for lymphoma. Treatment was not randomly allocated.ResultsSeventy‐three dogs were included in this study: 50 in the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone group and 23 in the mechlorethamine, vincristine, prednisone and procarbazine group. The median progression‐free survival was 133 days for dogs in the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone group and 97 days for dogs in the mechlorethamine, vincristine, prednisone and procarbazine group. When golden retrievers (n = 16) were evaluated ­separately, progression‐free survival was longer in the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone versus mechlorethamine, vincristine, prednisone and procarbazine treatment group (median PFS 154 days versus 70.5 days, respectively).
Clinical SignificanceThe progression‐free survival time for dogs with multi‐centric T‐cell lymphoma treated with a modified mechlorethamine, vincristine, prednisone and procarbazine protocol was similar to that of dogs treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone. Further studies, including those evaluating golden retrievers separately, are needed to confirm these findings.
Multidrug resistant Aeromonas spp. isolated from zebrafish (Danio rerio): antibiogram, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes
Authors: Hossain S. , Dahanayake P.S. , De Silva B.C.J. , Wickramanayake M.V.K.S. , Wimalasena S.H.M.P. , Heo G.-J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria which have been commonly associated with fish diseases. In this study, antibiogram, antimicrobial resistance genes and integrons of 43 zebrafish-borne Aeromonas spp. were studied. The isolates were identified as six Aeromonas species (A. veronii biovar veronii (n = 26), A. veronii biovar sobria (n = 3), A. hydrophila (n = 8), A. caviae (n = 3), A. enteropelogenes (n = 2) and A. dhakensis (n = 1)). Antibiogram of the isolates indicated that most of them were resistant to amoxicillin (100·00%), nalidixic acid (100·00%), oxytetracycline (100·00%), ampicillin (93·02%), tetracycline (74·42%), rifampicin (67·44%) and imipenem (65·15%). Multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) index values ranged from 0·19–0·44 to 90·70% isolates showed multidrug resistance. PCR of antimicrobial resistance genes revealed that the tetracycline resistance gene (tetA) was the most predominant (67·44%) among the isolates. The qnrS (53·49%), tetB (30·23%), tetE (30·23%), qnrB (23·26%) and aac(6’)-Ib-cr (4·65%) genes were also detected. Class 1 integrase (IntI1) gene was found in 46·51% of the isolates. Two types of class 1 integron gene cassette profiles (qacG-aadA6-qacG and drfA1) were identified. The results showed that zebrafish-borne aeromonads can harbour different types of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Aeromonas spp. are important pathogens found in diverse environments. Antimicrobial resistance genes and integrons of ornamental fish-borne Aeromonas spp. are not well studied. The antibiogram, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons of Aeromonas spp. isolated from zebrafish were characterized for the first time in Korea. The prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes were observed among the isolates. The qacG-aadA6-qacG gene cassette was identified for the first time in Aeromonas spp. The results suggest that the wise use of antimicrobials is necessary for the better management of the ornamental fish.
Unbehagen im Rechtsstaat
Authors: Boutin Stéphane 
Published: February 2019

Dieser Beitrag untersucht die aktuellen Erzählkämpfe zwischen Populismus und Antipopulismus aus einer wissensstilistischen Perspektive am Kreuzungspunkt ihrer ästhetischen, epistemischen und politischen Dimensionen. Dazu werden zunächst die inszenatorischen Mechanismen rechtspopulistischer Entpluralisierungsstrategien am Beispiel von Arlie Russell Hochschilds Strangers in Their Own Land (2016) herausgearbeitet. Danach wird diesem populistischen Denkstil—anhand einer Analyse von David Simons und William F. Zorzis HBO‐Miniserie Show Me a Hero (2015)—ein antipopulistisches Wissen gegenübergestellt, dessen Stilistik sich mit Gilles Deleuzes Begriff des minoritär‐stotternden Nicht‐Stils auf eine pluralisierende Insistenz hin lesen lässt. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Show Me a Hero den Konflikt zwischen Rechtsstaat und Populismus als wechselseitigen Abnutzungskrieg um die Frage demokratischer Pluralität inszeniert: Die Serie zeigt einerseits, wie Demokratien durch fortwährende populistische Angriffe bis zur Kapitulation ermattet werden können, stilisiert andererseits aber auch einen Habitus rechtsstaatlicher Resilienz, der im Gegenzug die Kräfte des Populismus zu zermürben und zu redemokratisieren vermag.
Isolated straight hair nevus in a White child
Authors: Rault Lucie , Morice‐Picard Fanny , Svahn Isabelle , Gontier Etienne , Eyraud Alexia , Taïeb Alain 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report a 6‐month‐old girl born with a fronto‐parietal patch of hair straighter than the remainder of the scalp hairs. We took a biopsy to rule out a congenital melanocytic nevus. We concluded after additional scanning electron microscopy study of the hair shafts that the lesion corresponds to a possible local mosaicism causing an isolated straight hair nevus phenotype.
Ecophysiological responses to climate change in cicadas
Authors: Moriyama Minoru , Numata Hideharu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCicadas are large hemipteran insects characterized by unique life‐history traits, such as extraordinarily long life cycles, a subterranean/terrestrial habitat transition, xylem sap‐feeding and melodious sound production. These fascinating features of cicadas have attracted much attention in the research fields of physiology and ecology, resulting in an accumulation of knowledge about the underlying mechanisms and their adaptive significance. Although community‐level responses to recent climate change have already been documented for cicada fauna, an understanding of their causal relationships is still at the initial stages. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about environmental adaptations of cicadas to facilitate a deeper understanding of the ecophysiological consequences of climate change. We first outline the diverse responses of cicadas to environmental factors, mainly temperature, and their strategies to cope with naturally fluctuating environments. Then, we discuss the consequence of upcoming climate change by consolidating the current findings. This review highlights the fact that fitness‐relevant activities are fine‐tuned to a species‐specific temperature optimum to achieve habitat segregation among coexisting species, implying that cicada diversity is highly susceptible to climate warming. As a result of their conspicuous large bodies and species‐specific calling songs, cicadas are promising candidates for use as bioindicator species to monitor ecological impacts of climate change. We encourage future works that continuously quantify population‐ and community‐level responses to upcoming climate change, as well as unveil mechanistic links between physiological traits and ecological consequences.
Testing psychometric properties of a new instrument ‘Promoting Active Ageing in Older People with Mental Disorders Scale’ from a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kenbubpha Kedsaraporn , Higgins Isabel , Wilson Amanda , Chan Sally W.‐C. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThere is no instrument that measures the promotion of active ageing or the factors that influence the promotion of active ageing in older people with mental disorders living in the community. This study aimed to examine psychometric properties of a new survey instrument.MethodsA mixed methods exploratory sequential design was used incorporating a cross‐sectional survey. The Promoting Active Ageing in Older People with Mental Disorders Scale (PAA‐MD) was sent to 579 primary care providers in Yasothon province, Thailand. Construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis. The internal reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.ResultsThe PAA‐MD consisted of three sections. Section II found Bartlett's test of sphericity was χ2(1431) = 26221.167, P < 0.001. Items used theoretical justification to group items into five factors, namely: participation, education, health, leisure, and security. Section III indicated Bartlett's test was χ2(666) = 23524.074, P < 0.001. Items were grouped into five components, namely: facilitators, barriers, knowledge, skills, resources and support. Internal reliability of sections II and III with Cronbach's alpha was greater than 0.7. The corrected item‐total correlation coefficient of all items was greater than 0.30.ConclusionThe PAA‐MD contains 104 items from three sections. Construct validity was adequate to capture phenomena. Internal reliability revealed good homogeneity.
The necessity and benefits of multiple feedback for robust biological development
Authors: Wan Frederic Y. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRobust development of biological organisms is known to involve a variety of inhibitors whose specific roles in downregulating the undesirably excessive signaling activities are reasonably well understood. Empirical evidence points to existence of feedback mechanisms for upregulating inhibitory agents. At least two conventional feedback models have been found by model analysis to be ineffective or biologically inappropriate. In this paper, we explore more fully the recently formulated new type of regulatory feedback for robustness to examine all such feedback processes possible in a three‐component basic extracellular model for ligand signaling. Acting alone, all processes will again be shown to be ineffective for promoting robustness. The principal finding of the present theoretical analysis is that a concurrent implementation of some combinations of two of these feedback processes actually renders the signaling gradient robust with respect to genetic and epi‐genetic perturbations. Moreover, different multifeedback combinations achieve robustness in different ways. These findings provide a possible explanation for the concurrent presence of several such individually ineffective feedback processes in robust signaling gradients.
Segregation in the Twenty First Century: Processes, Complexities and Future Directions
Authors: Piekut Aneta , Pryce Gwilym , van Gent Wouter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEconomic inequality, international migration and urban transformation have generated fresh interest in segregation and given new social significance to questions of socio‐spatial separation and interaction. At the same time, advances in data, methods and theory are opening up new avenues of inquiry that push the focus beyond simple measures of unevenness of residential patterns towards more nuanced analysis of spatial asymmetry, structure and scale. There is also a drive towards considering spaces and activities outside the neighbourhood, bringing new richness to our understanding of how various social groups interact in the various aspects of their lives. These processes and complexities form the backdrop for our special issue and we reflect on the implications for future priorities in research on segregation in the twenty first century.
Evaluation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II as a candidate for sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) in Dachshunds
Authors: Stromberg Stephanie J. , Thomasy Sara M. , Marangakis Ariana D. , Kim Soohyun , Cooper Ann E. , Brown Emily A. , Maggs David J. , Bannasch Danika L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveSudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) is one of the leading causes of acute blindness in dogs, with an unknown etiology and no effective treatment. Certain breeds such as Dachshunds are overrepresented among SARDS patients, and therefore, the syndrome is suspected to have a genetic component. The objective of this study was to determine if a genetic locus associated with SARDS in Dachshunds could be identified using a genome‐wide association study (GWAS).ProceduresGenome‐wide association mapping was performed in 15 SARDS‐affected and 16 unaffected Dachshunds. Genotyping of three classical DLA class II genes (DLA‐DRB1, DLA‐DQA1, and DLA‐DQB1) was performed in 34 SARDS‐affected and 66 unaffected Dachshunds to evaluate for an association in this region.ResultsAlthough no single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were of genome‐wide statistical significance (PBonferroni < 0.05), 5 of the top 9 SNPs were in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Using DLA typing, the allele DLA‐DRB1*09401 was identified as a risk factor for the development of SARDS (P = 0.0032, OR = 4.0). The alleles DLA‐DQB1*00101 (P = 0.0050, OR = 0.31), DLA‐DQA1*00901 (P = 0.0087, OR = 0.33), and a previously identified DLA‐DRB1allele described as “DRB1‐T” (P = 0.0284, OR = 0.37) were identified as protective factors.ConclusionsAlthough far from definitive, association of SARDS with alleles of immunologic importance further supports the hypothesis that autoimmunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of SARDS.
Cardiac‐specific overexpression of caveolin‐3 preserves t‐tubular ICa during heart failure in mice
Authors: Kong Cherrie H. T. , Bryant Simon M. , Watson Judy J. , Roth David M. , Patel Hemal H. , Cannell Mark B. , James Andrew F. , Orchard Clive H. 
Published: February 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the cellular basis of the protection conferred on the heart by overexpression of caveolin‐3 (Cav‐3 OE) against many of the features of heart failure normally observed in vivo?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Cav‐3 overexpression has little effect in normal ventricular myocytes but reduces cellular hypertrophy and preserves t‐tubular ICa, but not local t‐tubular Ca2+ release, in heart failure induced by pressure overload in mice. Thus Cav‐3 overexpression provides specific but limited protection following induction of heart failure, although other factors disrupt Ca2+ release.

AbstractCaveolin‐3 (Cav‐3) is an 18 kDa protein that has been implicated in t‐tubule formation and function in cardiac ventricular myocytes. During cardiac hypertrophy and failure, Cav‐3 expression decreases, t‐tubule structure is disrupted and excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) is impaired. Previous work has suggested that Cav‐3 overexpression (OE) is cardio‐protective, but the effect of Cav‐3 OE on these cellular changes is unknown. We therefore investigated whether Cav‐3 OE in mice is protective against the cellular effects of pressure overload induced by 8 weeks’ transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Cav‐3 OE mice developed cardiac dilatation, decreased stroke volume and ejection fraction, and hypertrophy and pulmonary congestion in response to TAC. These changes were accompanied by cellular hypertrophy, a decrease in t‐tubule regularity and density, and impaired local Ca2+ release at the t‐tubules. However, the extent of cardiac and cellular hypertrophy was reduced in Cav‐3 OE compared to WT mice, and t‐tubular Ca2+ current (ICa) density was maintained. These data suggest that Cav‐3 OE helps prevent hypertrophy and loss of t‐tubular ICa following TAC, but that other factors disrupt local Ca2+ release.
Bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation rescues the glomerular filtration barrier and epithelial cellular junctions in a renovascular hypertension model
Authors: Oliveira Mariana , Lira Rafaelle , Freire Thiago , Luna Camila , Martins Marcela , Almeida Aline , Carvalho Simone , Cortez Erika , Stumbo Ana Carolina , Thole Alessandra , Carvalho Lais 
Published: February 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Can a single bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) transplant into the subcapsular region of kidney improve cellular communication and adhesion, while restoring renal tissue cytoarchitecture and function during renovascular hypertension?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The BMMC transplantation restored connexin 40 expression and led to recovery of N‐ and E‐cadherin levels within 15 days. It was observed, for the first time, that BMMC transplantation restores expression of nephrin, a component of the glomerular filtration barrier related to podocytes and the glomerular basal membrane.

AbstractStem cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment for renal diseases owing to the regenerative potential of stem cells. However, a better understanding of the morphological and functional changes of damaged renal cells in the presence of transplanted stem cells is needed. The aim of this study was to investigate cell–cell communication and adhesion in renal parenchyma, with analysis of fibrosis, to evaluate renal morphology and function after bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) transplantation in two‐kidney–one‐clip rats. The BMMC therapy significantly decreased blood pressure and renin expression, improved renal morphology and restored the glomerular filtration barrier, with remodelling of podocytes. In addition, there was a reduction in fibrosis, and connexin 40 and nephrin expression were significantly increased after 7 and 15 days of transplantation. Plasma creatinine, urea and total protein levels were restored, and proteinuria was reduced. Furthermore, N‐ and E‐cadherin expression was increased soon after BMMC therapy. Green fluorescent protein‐positive BMMCs were found in the renal cortex 24 and 48 h after transplantation into the renal subcapsule, and at 7 and 15 days after transplantation, these cells were observed throughout the renal medulla, indicating cellular migration. Therefore, these data suggest that transplanted BMMCs improve cell–cell communication and adhesion between damaged cells, which is accompanied by a recovery of renal morphology and function.
Medex 2015: The key role of cardiac mechanics to maintain biventricular function at high altitude
Authors: Maufrais Claire , Rupp Thomas , Bouzat Pierre , Estève François , Nottin Stéphane , Walther Guillaume , Verges Samuel 
Published: February 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
This study is the first to investigate the effects of high‐altitude trekking on biventricular mechanics, including measurements of left ventricular subendocardial and subepicardial function.
What is the main finding and its importance?
We provide new evidence that an increased contractility and untwisting efficiency, a key element of diastolic function, probably plays a key role in preservation of cardiac function during high‐altitude trekking. Persistent increased loading conditions during several weeks at high altitude might have a key role in the appearance of left or right ventricular dysfunction.
AbstractCardiac responses to acute hypoxic exposure have been thoroughly investigated. We analysed the effects of high‐altitude trekking (i.e. prolonged hypoxic exposure) on biventricular function, including the evaluation of subendocardial and subepicardial function in the left ventricle (LV). Resting evaluations of LV and right ventricular (RV) function and mechanics were assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography on 20 subjects at sea level and at high altitude (5085 m, after a 10 day ascent). Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was increased at high altitude (sea level, 13.1 ± 5.9 mmHg; high altitude, 26.6 ± 10.8 mmHg; P < 0.001). Left ventricular volumes were decreased, whereas RV volumes were increased at high altitude. Alterations in pulmonary artery systolic pressure and cardiac volumes were correlated with hypoxaemia. We observed neither RV nor LV systolic dysfunction, including analysis of LV subendocardial and subepicardial function. Left ventricular systolic strain rates were enhanced at high altitude. Transmitral and transtricuspid diastolic filling ratios were decreased at high altitude. Diastolic apical rotational rate, untwisting rate and untwisting rate/peak twist ratio (i.e. untwisting efficiency) were enhanced at high altitude. We observed no echocardiographic signs of LV and RV pathological dysfunction at rest at high altitude. In contrast, our data highlighted major changes in the LV mechanics, with an increased LV contractility and a higher untwisting efficiency at high altitude. Biventricular interaction, alterations in loading conditions and an increase in plasma catecholamine concentration might partly explain these modifications. Thus, we demonstrated that LV mechanics (i.e. increased strain rates and untwisting efficiency) have a key role in preservation of cardiac function during high‐altitude trekking.