bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Adult Immunization amongst Resident Physicians at an Apex Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Bhatia Oshin , Kumar Arvind , Rajendran Anand , Khot Wasim , Abdul Samad Sameer , Begum Nazneen Nahar , Chakraborty Sayan , Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar , Khan Maroof A , Wig Naveet 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The coverage of immunization amongst adults in India remains low; a lack of nationally endorsed guidelines and implementation policies is a
contributing factor. There is a paucity of tools available to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding adult immunization. Hence,
we attempted to develop a KAP questionnaire to evaluate the existing expertise regarding adult immunization among medicine and infectious
diseases resident doctors in an apex medical institute in India.

Methods:
A two-stage scheme for the development and validation of the questionnaire was followed. The first step involved an exhaustive literature review,
focused group discussion, and in-depth interviews. The prepared draft was reviewed by experts in the field of infectious diseases and adult
immunization across the domains of necessity, relevance, and clarity. ‘Item-level content validity indices’ (I-CVI) and ‘Scale-level content validity
indices’ (S-CVI) were then calculated. Brennan and Prediger's AC (Agreement Coefficient) and Gwet’s AC (Agreement Coefficient) were used to
establish inter-rater agreement on the obtained expert reviews.

Results:
A 57-item KAP questionnaire was developed and was reviewed by a total of 11 experts. The questionnaire had satisfactory I-CVI (>0.6 for all the
items) and S-CVI Ave (>0.9 for each of the domains). The questionnaire had a strong inter-rater agreement as assessed by both Brennan and
Prediger AC (> 0.6, p<1) and Gwet’s AC (>0.8, p<1).

Conclusions:
The developed tool was scientifically validated following a staged process. We propose that this questionnaire can hence be used to evaluate the
knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding adult immunization amongst medical practitioners across medical colleges and hospitals in India. This
may be instrumental in developing programmatic interventions and major policy changes to enhance the practice of adult immunization amongst
healthcare providers.
Ameliorating Insulin Injection Site Rotation and its Impact on Lipohypertrophy Incidence and Glycemic Control in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Elrefaey Noura Mahmoud , Mohamed Mona Gamal , El-Monem El-Deeb Hoda Abdou Abd 
Published: November 2024

Background:
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ameliorated insulin injection site rotation on the incidence of Lipohypertrophy (LH) and glycemic
control in patients with diabetes.

Methods:
A quasi-experimental design involving a pretest-posttest with a control group was utilized at the medical outpatients’ clinic of Sohag University
Hospital. The participants were divided into two groups (30 in the study group and 30 in the control group). Two instruments were utilized to
collect the data, i.e., a sociodemographic and clinical data sheet and a lipohypertrophy assessment sheet.

Results:
The majority have been found to suffer from type I DM with an insulin injection duration from one to less than 6 months. A significant reduction
has been noticed in the lipohypertrophy incidence and grade during the 6-month assessment compared to the pre-intervention assessment.

Conclusion:
A marked reduction in the incidence of LH and improved glycemic control have been noted in the study group, indicating the clinical significance
of the anti-clockwise insulin site rotation technique.
Effect of Green Tea Supplementation on Blood Pressure Among Hypertensive People: A Community-based Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Pathania Supriya , Ravi Ramya Kundayi , Kaur Manpreet , Thakur Vaishali , Kaushal Shivani , Hamid Syed Fazil , Slathia Aditya Paul , Baby Priya 
Published: November 2024

Background:
A significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, affects more than a billion people globally. Numerous non-pharmacological
methods work well to lower blood pressure. The objective of this study was to assess the short-term effect of green tea supplementation on blood
pressure among people with hypertension.

Methods:
This community-based randomized controlled trial was conducted among people with hypertension recruited using a purposive sampling technique
from the village of Lakhnaur, Mohali, Punjab, India. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive either supplementation with green tea
beverage (one cup/day) or no intervention. The primary outcome measure was systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Blood pressure was measured
at the baseline and 15 days after the intervention using a standard calibrated digital sphygmomanometer.

Results:
Post-intervention, the decrease in the mean systolic blood pressure was significantly greater (p <) in the experimental group (129.83±6.497)
than in the control group (135.0±6.433).

Conclusion:
Green tea supplementation significantly lowered the systolic blood pressure among study participants. Green tea may be included as part of a
lifestyle intervention to manage and control systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
Untrained Network for Super-resolution for Non-contrast-enhanced Wholeheart MRI Acquired using Cardiac-triggered REACT (SRNN-REACT)
Authors: Maciel Corbin , Miah Tayaba , Zou Qing 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Three-dimensional (3D) whole-heart magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent tool to check the heart anatomy of patients with congenital
and acquired heart disease. However, most 3D whole-heart MRI acquisitions take a long time to perform, and the sequence used is susceptible to
banding artifacts.

Purpose:
To validate an unsupervised neural network that can reduce acquisition time and improve image quality for 3D whole-heart MRI by superresolving
low-resolution images.

Methods:
The results of the super-resolution neural network (SRNN) were compared with bilinear interpolation, a state-of-the-art method known as AdapSR,
and the ground truth high-resolution images qualitatively and quantitatively. Thirty pediatric patients with varying congenital and acquired heart
diseases were included in this study. Results from the SRNN without a ground truth image were compared qualitatively with the contrast-enhanced
whole-heart images. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was used to quantitatively compare each of the methods and the high-resolution ground truth.

Results:
As confirmed by both the quantitative and qualitative results, the SRNN improves image quality. Furthermore, because it only requires a lowresolution
acquisition, the use of the SRNN reduces acquisition time.

Conclusion:
The SRNN lessens noise and eliminates artifacts while maintaining correct anatomical structure in the images.
Physicochemical, Phytochemical, NMR, FTIR and LC-MS Analysis of Extract of Ripe Fruits of Carissa carandus L.
Authors: Naaz Iram , Kondalkar Avinash , Kondalkar Sapna Avinash 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Carissa carandus L., commonly known as Karonda, is renowned for its distinctive tangy flavor, making it a valuable ingredient in culinary
applications. Additionally, its extensive array of phytoconstituents renders it a significant component of traditional Indian herbal medicine, where it
has been used to address various health conditions. Despite its availability, palatability, and diverse phytochemical profile, Karonda remains under
utilized, and lacks substantial scientific validation. Further research is needed to substantiate its therapeutic potential and elevate its status in
modern scientific and medical contexts.

Methods:
An ethanolic extract was prepared from the ripe fruits using a hot continuous extraction method. Phytochemical screening of the extract identified
the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, steroids, and carbohydrates. Subsequent analysis using spectrometric and
spectro chromatographic techniques, including NMR, FTIR, and LC-MS, were conducted, supplemented by chromatographic studies, to further
elucidate the extract's chemical profile and validate the presence of these bioactive compounds.

Results:
The analysis of the ripe fruit extract identified several functional groups, including O-H, N-H, C=O, C-N, C-H, and –COOH, based on IR
absorption bands observed in the high wave region at 3850 cm−1 and 1728 cm−1. Active compounds were further characterized by comparing these
findings with standard reference charts. Proton environments and their electronic states were examined using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The 1H-NMR
spectrum revealed signals at specific δ ppm values corresponding to R-CH3, R-CH2-R, RO-C-H, and F-C-H groups, as detailed in the
accompanying table.

Conclusion:
These results provide a comprehensive chemical fingerprint of CA fruits offering scientific validation of its chemical nature and supporting its
potential therapeutic applications.
Risk Factors Analysis of Diabetes Prevalence in Wetland Area: A Study from Borneo Wetland Study on Diabetes
Authors: Fajari Nanang Miftah , Hariyanto Felix , Nur'amin Hendra , Hasrianti Nuvita 
Published: November 2024

Background: National Basic Health Survey held by the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia shows the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus increased from 6.9% to 8.5% in 2018. Wetland is an area covered by shallow water on the surface, which represents a unique ecosystem.
Aim: This study investigated the association between various risk factors and DM prevalence in South Kalimantan Wetlands, Indonesia. Early identification and management of risk factors may prevent progression into diabetes mellitus.
Methods: We conducted the Borneo Wetland Study on Diabetes (Best-Diab 1) with a cross-sectional study approach using the latest health survey data conducted by the South Kalimantan Provincial Health Office from the primary health center visit from January 2020 to March 2022. Using Proportionate Random Sampling, we divided samples into two groups; 6.010 in the DM group, and 6.010 non DM group.
Results: Gender, age, BMI, blood pressure, and blood glucose level were significantly correlated with diabetes mellitus prevalence (p<0.001). Family history of DM surprisingly has a significant impact on DM prevalence (PR, 3.16; 95% CI, 2.80-3.57, p<0.001). The prevalence of DM in the smoking group was 0.78 times less than in non-smoking individuals (PR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74-0.82; p<0.001). Excess sugar was the greatest risk factor for diabetes mellitus, with the prevalence of DM 4.72 times greater than normal sugar intake (PR, 4.72; 95% CI, 4.29-5.2; p<0.001). Excess salt intake also seemed to be a significant risk factor among DM patients (PR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.17-1.30, p<0.001.
Conclusion: Females, older age, higher BMI, and family history of DM were significant risk factors for diabetes mellitus prevalence in this study. Further studies are needed to determine how those factors impacted diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: risk factors, prevalence, diabetes mellitus, wetland, South Kalimantan
Correlation among Blood Sugar Levels, C-Reactive Protein, Total Lymphocyte Count with SOFA Score on Sepsis COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Fajari Nanang Miftah , Hartono Ivan , Rudiansyah Mohammad , Agung SNC Wiwit , Yasmina Alfi 
Published: November 2024

Background: COVID-19 is a caused a pandemic since early January 2020. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score can assess organ dysfunction in the state of Sepsis MODS.
Aim: This study aims to determine the relationship between Blood Sugar Levels, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC) with SOFA score in COVID-19 patients with Sepsis.
Methods: An observational study using the cross-sectional method was carried out in 2020-2021 at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin with a total sample of 87 participants.
Results: Based on the Spearman test, there were a positive correlation between Random Blood Sugar levels and SOFA with the scores r = 0.778 (p = 0.000); significant negative correlation between TLC and SOFA with the score r = -0.409 (p = 0.000); and no significant correlation between CRP and SOFA with the score r = -0.077 (p = 0.507). The multivariate test showed that the correlation value for each Random Blood Sugar with a SOFA score is R=0.664 (p=0.000), and the Total Lymphocyte Count with a SOFA score is R=-0.270 (p=0.001). The statistical analysis model revealed that Blood Sugar Levels and Total Lymphocyte Count could predict SOFA scores of as much as 60.9%.
Conclusion: Blood sugar levels can be a marker of poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients with Sepsis. Hyperglycemia can be caused by pancreatic cell damage due to SARS-CoV2 invasion, acute insulin resistance, and inflammation caused by Sepsis and COVID-19. Total Lymphocyte Count is one of the many factors contributing to organ dysfunction caused by Sepsis in COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19, Sepsis, SOFA Score, Prognosis
Clinical Profile of Patients Diagnosed with Liver Abscess – a Retrospective Study at a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Goswami Brijesh , Makwana Harsha , Nanda Vivek 
Published: November 2024

Background: Liver abscesses continue to present a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the medical community. Early clinical distinction between an amoebic and a pyogenic liver abscess is challenging due to their overlapping clinical presentations.
Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical characteristics, lab parameters as well as management in patients suspected of liver abscess.
Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in 60 consecutive patients presenting with liver abscess, admitted at tertiary care hospital. Lab investigations were carried out. All patients underwent ultrasound-guided aspiration of a liver abscess either by percutaneous needle or by a pigtail catheter. Patients were monitored during the period of hospital stay to note their outcome. The data variables collected were compiled by using an excel spreadsheet and later analysed using Medcalc (version 20.118).
Results: The commonly observed clinical presentation was abdominal pain (95%) followed by fever (57%) and jaundice (7%). On examination, 60% of the liver abscess cases had right hypochondrial tenderness while Hepatomegaly was observed in about 17% of the subjects. Leucocytosis was observed in 67% of the cases in view of underlying infectious etiology. The size of the majority (60%) of the liver abscess were in the range of 5.1 to 9.9 cms and right lobe was the most affected region (75.2%).
Conclusion: Early recognition of symptoms, institution of antibiotic and amoebicidal therapy and drainage of abscess via appropriate modality improves the prognosis of liver abscess.
Evaluating Older Adults’ Engagement and Usability With AI-Driven Interventions: Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Shade Marcia , Yan Changmin , Jones Valerie K , Boron Julie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Technologies that serve as assistants are growing more popular for entertainment and aiding in daily tasks. Artificial intelligence (AI) in these technologies could also be helpful to deliver interventions that assist older adults with symptoms or self-management. Personality traits may play a role in how older adults engage with AI technologies. To ensure the best intervention delivery, we must understand older adults’ engagement with and usability of AI-driven technologies.

Objective
This study aimed to describe how older adults engaged with routines facilitated by a conversational AI assistant.

Methods
A randomized pilot trial was conducted for 12-weeks in adults aged 60 years or older, self-reported living alone, and having chronic musculoskeletal pain. Participants (N=50) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 intervention groups (standard vs enhanced) to engage with routines delivered by the AI assistant Alexa (Amazon). Participants were encouraged to interact with prescribed routines twice daily (morning and evening) and as needed. Data were collected and analyzed on routine engagement characteristics and perceived usability of the AI assistant. An analysis of the participants’ personality traits was conducted to describe how personality may impact engagement and usability of AI technologies as interventions.

Results
The participants had a mean age of 79 years, with moderate to high levels of comfort and trust in technology, and were predominately White (48/50, 96%) and women (44/50, 88%). In both intervention groups, morning routines (n=62, 74%) were initiated more frequently than evening routines (n=52, 62%; z=−2.81, P=.005). Older adult participants in the enhanced group self-reported routine usability as good (mean 74.50, SD 11.90), and those in the standard group reported lower but acceptable usability scores (mean 66.29, SD 6.94). Higher extraversion personality trait scores predicted higher rates of routine initiation throughout the whole day and morning in both groups (standard day: B=0.47, P=.004; enhanced day: B=0.44, P=.045; standard morning: B=0.50, P=.03; enhanced morning: B=0.53, P=.02). Higher agreeableness (standard: B=0.50, P=.02; enhanced B=0.46, P=.002) and higher conscientiousness (standard: B=0.33, P=.04; enhanced: B=0.38, P=.006) personality trait scores predicted better usability scores in both groups.

Conclusions
he prescribed interactive routines delivered by an AI assistant were feasible to use as interventions with older adults. Engagement and usability by older adults may be influenced by personality traits such as extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. While integrating AI-driven interventions into health care, it is important to consider these factors to promote positive outcomes.
Utilização das geotecnologias para avaliação do potencial de erosão do solo na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Pirajibu-mirim, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Frascareli Daniele , Bochichi Diego da Cruz , Martins Antonio Cesar Germano , Rabelo Davi Rodrigues 
Published: November 2024

Estudos de erosão em bacias hidrográficas podem auxiliar nas tomadas de decisões e promover medidas que respaldem a gestão sustentável, manejo das atividades e mitigação do fenômeno, evitando o comprometimento dos usos múltiplos potenciais. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo estimar a perda de solo na bacia do Pirajibu-Mirim, Sorocaba-SP. Foram utilizadas ferramentas de análise espacial (álgebra de mapas) para calcular a perda de solo utilizando-se da Equação Universal da Perda de Solos (EUPS). Os resultados indicaram que os anos de 2003 e 2012 apresentaram os maiores valores de perdas de solo acima de 200 Mg.ha־¹.ano־¹. As perdas de solo nessa bacia estiveram associadas as classes com maior declividade e o tipo de uso e ocupação do solo. Portanto, a análise geral da perda de solo na bacia permitiu concluir que aproximadamente metade da área possuí perdas de solo significativo.
Políticas públicas estaduais/distrital de esporte e lazer
Authors: Rampazzo Marcelo , Dias Dotto Augusto , Da Silveira Raquel , Myskiw Mauro 
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho faz parte de uma investigação sobre Políticas Públicas de Esporte e Lazer (PPELs) na esfera Estadual/Distrital do pacto federativo brasileiro. Procurou compreender a constituição de uma agenda de trabalho investigativo coletivo sobre as PPELs de iniciativa setorial. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, com base na seleção de 80 trabalhos, a respeito dos quais foram identificados e descritos pontos de passagem das problematizações e fontes de coordenação de interesses dos estudos. Concluímos que existe um conjunto de trabalhos compondo uma agenda científica sobre as PPELs dos Estados/Distrito Federal. Em termos de problematizações se destacam o direito social e as desigualdades setoriais. A respeito da coordenação de interesses, sobressaem os estudos sobre financiamento e configurações das políticas.
Laser show safety for smaller shows: The ILDA category a laser show standard
Authors: Murphy Patrick 
Published: November 2024

The International Laser Display Association has developed a “Category A Standard” for laser shows that ILDA considers to be generally recognized as safe under the conditions of the laser show's intended use. ILDA considers the chance of injury (hazardous effect or adverse biological change) from a laser show performed according to the Category A requirements, to be vanishingly small.
There are three main goals: Providing comprehensive, easy-to-understand guidance for persons doing small-scale indoor laser shows.Working towards ANSI adoption of similar requirements, which in turn may lead to……FDA being able to relax variance requirements for shows that meet Category A-type requirements. Specifically, it may be possible for FDA to allow Category A-type shows to not need to apply for an FDA variance in advance. This makes it easier to do shows, while FDA still retains control over the safety of these shows. (If a show violates the Category A requirements, FDA can issue various punishments and fines just as they do today.)
Category A requirements include: A limit on laser power (currently 6 watts in the draft version); no unterminated beams; all termination points must be visible to the Laser Operator and/or Laser Spotter(s); no human exposure to light from Class 3B or 4 lasers; continuous monitoring of all beam paths, locations and termination points during laser operation; advance consideration of potential problems and how to mitigate them; keeping a log of laser usage; required training for the Category A Laser Safety Officer and Laser Operator; and required training or instruction for Laser Spotters and Laser Personnel. The Category A Laser Safety Officer shall take an in-person or online laser safety course and shall pass a test prior to operating a Category A Laser Show.
If a laser show conforms to the ILDA Category A Laser Show Standard, ILDA will not object to the show, regardless of whether it meets governmental reporting requirements such as having a variance.
Also discussed is an option for FDA to require all shows to be video recorded, with the video kept for 1 year. If there is a problem with a show or an operator, FDA can “pull the tapes” to review the footage. If a show operator does not have video, that is evidence of violating the Category A-type requirements and a fine or other punishment can be issued. In this way, the video is like an always-available inspector.
Not just lasers - LEDs are now hazardous
Authors: Leon Nathaniel , Wohlstein Scott 
Published: November 2024

High Brightness LEDs (and other incoherent Photonic sources) are becoming a substitute for lasers because of lower regulatory restrictions for many applications. This is most true in applications where coherency is not a specific operational requirement. Some LEDs that have higher drive currents put out thousands, if not tens of thousands of lumens. Some use super-radiance or super-luminescent architecture and are able to illuminate large areas efficiently with small light fixtures, These LEDs are not wholly incoherent since they have a relatively narrow band of wavelengths, typically in the tens of nanometers instead of less than 10 nanometers associated with most lasers. The hazards of measured irradiances more than 10 mW/cm^2 include temporary flash blindness, chronic fatigue, and the possibility of sunburn damage when operating in the UV range.
This paper presents real-world applications that LSOs and other photonics safety professionals need to consider when working with high-output Photonics-based devices and systems, establishing the proper engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment, and bringing awareness to the increasing level of integration and use.