bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in the Dream Content of Children and Adolescents: The UK Library Study
Authors: Schredl Michael , Struck Verena S. , Schwert Christine , Blei Melanie , Henley-Einion Josie , Blagrove Mark 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Although gender differences in the dreams of adults have been studied extensively, large-scale studies in children and adolescents are scarce. The UK Library Study collected 1,995 most recent dreams of children and adolescents. Boys reported more physical aggression and fewer female characters in their dreams, whereas indoor settings were more prominent in girls’ dreams, results that are consistent with the findings in adults and the continuity hypothesis of dreaming. The study indicates that dream content analysis is a valuable tool for studying the inner world of children and adolescents because dreams reflect their waking life experiences, thoughts, and concerns. It would be informative to include measures of waking life aggression, frequency of social contacts, and leisure time activities to provide evidence for direct links between waking and dreaming.
Social Anxiety and Alexithymia in Relation to Problematic Drinking and Theory of Mind
Authors: Lyvers Michael , Scott Kaitlin , Thorberg Fred Arne 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cognitive models of social anxiety posit inaccurate appraisal of emotional states as a core feature. Such inaccurate appraisal also characterizes alexithymia, a trait defined by difficulties in identifying and describing emotional feelings and an externally oriented thinking style. Because both social anxiety and alexithymia have been linked to alcohol misuse and deficient theory of mind, the degree to which alexithymia might account for these associations with social anxiety merits investigation. The current study explored relationships between social anxiety (specifically social interaction anxiety), alexithymia, problematic drinking, and theory of mind after controlling for comorbid depression in a nonclinical sample of 242 participants (93 men) ranging in age from 18 to 35 years (M = 23.22 years, SD = 4.48). They completed an online questionnaire battery that included well-known measures of social anxiety (Social Interaction Anxiety Scale), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale 20), theory of mind (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test Revised), depression (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-Depression Scale), and problematic drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). In hierarchical regression models, social anxiety predicted alexithymia even after depression and demographic factors were controlled for; alexithymia mediated relationships between social anxiety and both problematic drinking and deficient theory of mind. Assessment of alexithymia in those with social anxiety may potentially offer insight and directions for treatment.
Development of the Lying in Everyday Situations Scale
Authors: Hart Christian L. , Jones Jelisa M. , Terrizzi John A. , Curtis Drew A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Deception researchers have developed various scales that measure the use of lying in specific contexts, but there are limited tools that measure the use of lies more broadly across the various contexts of day-to-day life. We developed a questionnaire that assesses the use of various forms of lying, including protecting others, image enhancement, saving face, avoiding punishment, vindictiveness, privacy, entertainment, avoiding confrontation, instrumental gain, and maintaining and facilitating relationships. The results of a factor analysis brought our original 45-item scale down to a two-dimensional, 14-item scale that we have titled the Lying in Everyday Situations (LiES) scale. In three studies, the concurrent validity of the scale was assessed with several domain-specific lying scales, two Machiavellianism scales, a social desirability scale, and reports of actual lie frequency over a 24-hour period. The scale was also assessed for interitem consistency (Cronbach’s α) and test-retest reliability. We found that the LiES scale was a reliable and valid measure of lying. The LiES scale may be a useful tool for assessing the general tendency to lie across various contexts.
Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Urban and Olive Mill Wastewaters Intended for Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation
Authors: Bruzzoniti Maria Concetta , Rivoira Luca , Castiglioni Michele , El Ghadraoui Ayoub , Ahmali Abdelaali , El Mansour Tawfiq El Hakim , Mandi Laila , Ouazzani Naaila , Del Bubba Massimo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Domestic and industrial wastewater can be introduced in a reuse chain for irrigation purposes. Objective: In this paper, we developed analytical procedures for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) along a wastewater reuse chain for irrigation purposes. Besides urban wastewaters, olive mill wastewater (OMWW) was considered as a potential water source. Wastewaters were purified by different treatments (urban wastewater plants, pilot-activated sludge, and constructed wetland) and used for the irrigation of olive trees. Suitable extraction procedures were used to analyze treated and untreated wastewaters, soils, and postirrigation leachates. Results: For wastewater and leachate samples, the optimized reverse-phase solid-phase extraction (SPE) provided recoveries up to 79%. For OMWW, the SPE procedure was preceded by a normal-phase purification stage with silica gel for the removal of polyphenols, which were as high as 8.7 g/L. After optimization, extraction recoveries in blank solutions were in the range 20–67% and moderately reduced (10–38%) in OMWW as a result of the matrix effect (ME; –10/–60%) ascribed to the very high value of chemical oxygen demand (264 g/L). LODs of the method were below 1.1 µg/L (PAHs) and 3.2 µg/L (PCBs) using GC-MS analysis. For soil samples of different compositions, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) provided better extraction recoveries and reproducibility than the more common quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe approach, which was affected by a high ME. The LODs of the MAE/GC-MS method were below 4.9 µg/kg (PAHs) and 12.3 µg/kg (PCBs). Conclusions: The analytical procedures developed are a valuable tool to quantify the possible propagation of residual contamination from PAHs/PCBs with irrigation along the wastewater reuse chain.
Contiguous and Atomically Thin Pt Film with Supra‐Bulk Behavior Through Graphene‐Imposed Epitaxy
Authors: Choi Ji Il , Abdelhafiz Ali , Buntin Parker , Vitale Adam , Robertson Alex W. , Warner Jamie , Jang Seung Soon , Alamgir Faisal M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe nature of the atomic configuration and the bonding within epitaxial Pt‐graphene films is investigated. Graphene‐templated monolayer/few‐multilayers of Pt, synthesized as contiguous 2D films by room temperature electrochemical methods, is shown to exhibit a stable {100} structure in the 1–2 layer range. The fundamental question being investigated is whether surface Pt atoms rendered in these 2D architectures are as stable as those of their bulk Pt counterparts. Unsurprisingly, a single layer Pt on the graphene (Pt_1ML/GR) shows much larger Pt dissociation energy (−7.51 eV) than does an isolated Pt atom on graphene. However, the dissociation energy from Pt_1ML/GR is similar to that of bulk Pt(100), −7.77 eV, while in bi‐layer Pt on the graphene (Pt_2ML/GR), this energy changes to −8.63 eV, surpassing its bulk counterpart. At Pt_2ML/GR, the dissociation energy also slightly surpasses that of bulk Pt(111). Bulk‐like stability of atomically thin Pt–graphene results from a combination of interplanar PtC covalent bonding and inter/intraplanar metallic bonding. This unprecedented stability is also accompanied by a metal‐like presence of electronic states at the Fermi level. Such atomically thin metal‐graphene architectures can be a new stable platform for synthesizing 2D metallic films with various applications in catalysis, sensing, and electronics.
Exosomes and Nanoengineering: A Match Made for Precision Therapeutics
Authors: Tran Phuong H. L. , Xiang Dongxi , Tran Thao T. D. , Yin Wang , Zhang Yumei , Kong Lingxue , Chen Kuisheng , Sun Miaomiao , Li Yong , Hou Yingchun , Zhu Yimin , Duan Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTargeted exosomal delivery systems for precision nanomedicine attract wide interest across areas of molecular cell biology, pharmaceutical sciences, and nanoengineering. Exosomes are naturally derived 50–150 nm nanovesicles that play important roles in cell‐to‐cell and/or cell‐to‐tissue communications and cross‐species communication. Exosomes are also a promising class of novel drug delivery vehicles owing to their ability to shield their payload from chemical and enzymatic degradations as well as to evade recognition by and subsequent removal by the immune system. Combined with a new class of affinity ligands known as aptamers or chemical antibodies, molecularly targeted exosomes are poised to become the next generation of smartly engineered nanovesicles for precision medicine. Here, recent advances in targeted exosomal delivery systems engineered by aptamer for future strategies to promote human health using this class of human‐derived nanovesicles are summarized.
Conductive Silk‐Based Composites Using Biobased Carbon Materials
Authors: López Barreiro Diego , Martín‐Moldes Zaira , Yeo Jingjie , Shen Sabrina , Hawker Morgan J. , Martin‐Martinez Francisco J. , Kaplan David L. , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere is great interest in developing conductive biomaterials for the manufacturing of sensors or flexible electronics with applications in healthcare, tracking human motion, or in situ strain measurements. These biomaterials aim to overcome the mismatch in mechanical properties at the interface between typical rigid semiconductor sensors and soft, often uneven biological surfaces or tissues for in vivo and ex vivo applications. Here, the use of biobased carbons to fabricate conductive, highly stretchable, flexible, and biocompatible silk‐based composite biomaterials is demonstrated. Biobased carbons are synthesized via hydrothermal processing, an aqueous thermochemical method that converts biomass into a carbonaceous material that can be applied upon activation as conductive filler in composite biomaterials. Experimental synthesis and full‐atomistic molecular dynamics modeling are combined to synthesize and characterize these conductive composite biomaterials, made entirely from renewable sources and with promising applications in fields like biomedicine, energy, and electronics.
Wet‐Spinning and Carbonization of Lignin‐Polyvinyl Alcohol Precursor Fibers
Authors: Föllmer Marie , Jestin Simon , Neri Wilfrid , Vo Van Son , Derré Alain , Mercader Célia , Poulin Philippe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLignin is a promising bio‐based precursor for sustainable carbon fibers. Limiting factors for their development include the brittleness of lignin and the lack of large‐scale production routes. Here, a simple and economic wet‐spinning method, suitable for the fabrication of fibers based on softwood Kraft lignin (KL) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), is proposed. These two polymers reveal a partial miscibility in solution, and form metastable dispersions in solid state. KL‐PVA fibers are prepared at a weight ratio of 70:30 and are carbonized without thermo‐stabilization. A tailor‐made temperature program leads to a decreased microporosity on the fiber surfaces. The obtained carbon structures at 1000 °C are found to be poorly ordered, leading to only intermediate mechanical and electrical properties. However, graphitic domains appear at temperatures above 1500 °C and indicate a high potential for the system.
Quantum‐Chemical Evaluation of Impact of Chlorination versus Fluorination on the Electronic Properties of Donors and Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Tonghui , Brédas Jean‐Luc 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMuch attention is given to replacing fluorine with chlorine when optimizing the chemical structures of π‐conjugated polymer donors and/or non‐fullerene small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) in order to reduce the synthetic costs for large‐scale applications of organic solar cells. To rationalize the impact of chlorination versus fluorination on the electronic properties of π‐conjugated materials, quantum‐mechanical calculations have generally been carried out at the global‐hybrid becke three‐parameter Lee‐Yang‐Parr (B3LYP) level of theory. However, B3LYP suffers from drawbacks that are especially problematic in the case of π‐conjugated systems possessing a charge‐transfer character. Here, the dipole moments and energy levels of F‐ and Cl‐containing SMA fragments, that is, 1,2‐difluorobenzene and 1,2‐dichlorobenzene, are reevaluated at much more robust levels of theory. The results obtained with the (optimally tuned) long‐range corrected ωB97XD functional (coming from Head‐Gordon and coworkers and including dispersion corrections) turn out very close to those calculated with the “gold‐standard” CCSD(T) (coupled‐custer with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations) method. These results, however, both markedly differ from the B3LYP findings. This confirms that, for π‐conjugated systems, tuned long‐range corrected functionals provide a reasonable compromise between accuracy and computational cost, and that much caution must be exerted when using the popular B3LYP functional.
Quantized Conduction Device with 6‐Bit Storage Based on Electrically Controllable Break Junctions
Authors: Banerjee Writam , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAtomic‐level control of conductance in a Cu/Ti/HfO2/TiN‐based electrically controllable break junction (ECBJ) is demonstrated. The ECBJ is designed through sophisticated stack engineering and refined electrical operation. Control over bias‐induced ion migration is the key to forming the ECBJ. Precise atomic‐level control is accomplished with an optimized high temperature forming (OHTF) scheme. OHTF‐controlled single‐atomic switching in ECBJs has not yet been studied in detail. During OHTF, higher ion migration, higher defect generation speed, and lower barrier height reduce the forming voltage to half of its room temperature level. OHTF significantly improves switching uniformity and step‐wise control of conductance. For OHTF devices, intrinsic single atomic movement, i.e., single‐atomic switching, is controlled for >2 × 103 DC cycles, with an extrinsic voltage of ±650 mV to make or break the atomic junction, hence the name ECBJ. In such thermally guided devices, meticulous control over quantum levels manifests a 6 bit per cell storage capability. Finally, the applicability of Cu/Ti/HfO2/TiN based ECBJs to the realization of forming free, low power (a few hundred of femto‐watts), sub‐atomic switching is suggested.
Electrochemical Performance of Manganese Coordinated Polyaniline
Authors: Chen Yucheng , Xie Yibing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractManganese (II) coordinated polyaniline (PANI‐Mn) is designed as an energy‐storage electrode to improve electrochemical cycling stability of conductive polymer‐based supercapacitors. A PANI‐Mn electrode is synthesized through electro‐polymerization and hydrothermal coordination processes. A tetrahedron coordination structure is formed between manganese (II) dichloride and neighboring imino nitrogen to enforce the bonding strength of conjoint aniline units, restraining excessive volume expansion of the PANI molecule chain. Specific capacitance is enhanced from 350 F g−1 of PANI to 810 F g−1 of PANI‐Mn at 1 A g−1. Cycling capacitance retention is improved from 61% of PANI to 88% of PANI‐Mn at 5 A g−1 for 1000 cycles. PANI‐Mn shows larger response current than PANI at the same potential. First principle calculations prove that PANIs‐Mn exhibits higher density of state at Fermi level than PANI. The conjugated electron delocalization is strengthened in transitional metal‐coordinated conductive polymer, causing the improved conductivity of PANI‐Mn. Furthermore, an all‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitor based on a PANI‐Mn electrode exhibits an energy density of 51.38 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 850 W kg−1 and a considerable cycling life of 82% after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1. PANI‐Mn coordination polymer exhibits enhanced electrochemical stability, thus showing promise for energy storage application.
1‐Picolinyl‐5‐azido Thiosialosides: Versatile Donors for the Stereoselective Construction of Sialyl Linkages
Authors: Chen Jian , Hansen Thomas , Zhang Qing‐Ju , Liu De‐Yong , Sun Yao , Yan Hao , Codée Jeroen D. C. , Schmidt Richard R. , Sun Jian‐Song 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWith the picolinyl (Pic) group as a C‐1 located directing group and N3 as versatile precursor for C5‐NH2, a novel 1‐Pic‐5‐N3 thiosialyl donor was designed and synthesized, based on which a new sialylation protocol was established. In comparison to conventional sialylation methods, the new protocol exhibited obvious advantages, including excellent α‐stereoselectivity in the absence of a solvent effect, broad substrate scope encompassing the challenging sialyl 8‐ and 9‐hydroxy groups of sialic acid acceptors, flexibility in sialoside derivative synthesis, high temperature tolerance and easy scalability. In particular, the applicability to the synthesis of complex and bioactive N‐glycan antennae when combined with the MPEP glycosylation protocol via the “latent‐active” strategy has been shown. Mechanistically, the excellent α‐stereoselectivity of the novel sialylation protocol could be attributed to the dramatic electron‐withdrawing effect of the protonated Pic groups, which was supported by control reactions and DFT calculations.
Engineering Surface Patterning of Colloidal Rings through Plateau–Rayleigh Instability
Authors: Luo Zhang , Zhou Jiajia , Liu Bing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPlateau–Rayleigh (P‐R) instability occurring on Brownian colloidal particles is presented. This instability can be used for the surface patterning of Brownian colloidal rings. This idea was realized by employing polystyrene(PS)/SiO2 core/shell rings, for which PS layer was selectively grown onto the interior surface of SiO2 rings. The P‐R instability was initiated in the ring's dispersion by adding a good solvent of PS. By using both experiments and theory, it is shown that the number of patches is tunable and that it is linearly related to a function of two variables, namely, solvent quantity and contact angle. In particular, one‐patch Janus rings and patchy disks were also synthesized at high yields. The patch size of all particles is tunable by step‐by‐step polymerization and the patches can be functionalized, for example by ATRP grafting with pH‐sensitive polymers. This approach can be adapted for the synthesis of other patchy colloids with designated complexity.
The effect of mild heat stress of different frequencies on the adaptability of Drosophila melanogaster females
Authors: Burdina Elena V. , Adonyeva Nataly V. , Karpova Evgeniya K. , Rauschenbach Inga Yu. , Menshanov Petr N. , Gruntenko Nataly E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn natural populations, insects regularly face an adverse impact of different natures: harsh weather swings, lack of food resources, the insecticidal treatment. We studied the effect of repeated episodes of mild heat stress of different frequencies on stress resistance of Drosophila melanogaster females. We found out that the mild heat stress (38°С, 1 hr) repeated daily within 2 weeks resulted in (a) an increased activity of the dopamine (DA) metabolism enzymes, DA‐dependent arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase, which suggested a decrease in DA level, and (b) an increased survival rate under acute heat stress (38°С, 4 hr). The same mild heat stress repeated weekly had no effect on these parameters.
Exploiting Strained Rings in Chelation Guided C−H Functionalization: Integration of C−H Activation with Ring Cleavage
Authors: Shah Tariq A. , De Pinaki Bhusan , Pradhan Sourav , Banerjee Sonbidya , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStrained ring systems are regarded as privileged coupling partners in directed C−H bond functionalization and have emerged as a potential research area in organic synthesis. The inherent ring strain in these systems acts as a driving force, allowing the facile construction of diversified structural scaffolds via integrating C−H activation and ring‐scission. The mechanistic underpinnings allows the implementation of a plethora of C−H bonds across plentiful organic substrates, including the less reactive alkyl ones. Considering the synthetic space, this area will foster developments of novel synthetic methods in chelation guided C−H functionalization. This review will focus on recent developments in transition‐metal catalyzed chelation assisted concomitant C−H activation and ring scission of strained rings to attain molecular complexity.
Algal photosynthetic aeration increases the capacity of bacteria to degrade organics in wastewater
Authors: Holmes Bryan , Paddock Matthew B. , VanderGheynst Jean S. , Higgins Brendan T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWastewater treatment is an energy‐intensive process and a net emitter of greenhouse gas emissions. A large fraction of these emissions is due to intensive aeration of aerobic bacteria to facilitate break‐down of organic compounds. Algae can generate dissolved oxygen at levels in excess of saturation, and therefore hold the potential to partially displace or complement mechanical aeration in wastewater treatment processes. The objective of this study was to develop an internally consistent experimental and modeling approach to test the hypothesis that algal photosynthetic aeration can speed the removal of organic constituents by bacteria. This framework was developed using a simplified wastewater treatment process consisting of a model bacteria (Escherichia coli), a model algae (Auxenochlorella protothecoides), and a single carbon source that was consumable by bacteria only. This system was then tested both with and without the presence of algae. A MATLAB model that considered mass transfer and biological kinetics was used to estimate the production and consumption of O2 and CO2 by algae and bacteria. The results indicated that the presence of algae led to 18–66% faster removal of COD by bacteria, and that roughly one‐third of biochemical oxygen demand was offset by algal photosynthetic aeration.