bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamma‐Tocotrienol Attenuates the Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice
Authors: Kim Yongeun , Natarajan Sathish Kumar , Chung Soonkyu 
Published: September 2018

ScopeGamma‐tocotrienol (γT3), an unsaturated isoform of vitamin E, is implicated in the hepatoprotective effects. The aim is to determine the effectiveness of γT3 on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods and ResultsC57BL/6 male mice are fed a diet containing high fat (45%) and cholesterol (0.2%) along with sucrose drink (HFCS) or HFCS diet supplemented with 0.1% γT3 (HFCS + γT3). The inclusion of γT3 robustly decreases the HFCS diet‐induced de novo lipogenesis (DNL), ER stress, and inflammation leading to reduced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Next, mice are fed a methionine‐ and choline‐deficient (MCD) diet or MCD diet with γT3 (MCD + γT3). The γT3 supplementation significantly reduces the MCD diet‐induced hepatic ER stress and fibrosis despite the minimal impact on steatosis. To further investigate the role of ER stress, the mice with genetic ablation of CHOP are fed an MCD or MCD + γT3 diet. CHOP deletion abolishes the γT3‐mediated suppression of hepatic fibrosis, suggesting that modulation of ER stress is a prerequisite to inhibit hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.ConclusionγT3 supplementation is effective in attenuating NAFLD and fibrosis through a synergistic mechanism of decreased DNL and hepatic ER stress. This work strongly supports the translational potential of γT3 supplementation against NAFLD.
Accelerated, free‐breathing, noncontrast, electrocardiograph‐triggered, thoracic MR angiography with stack‐of‐stars k‐space sampling and GRASP reconstruction
Authors: Haji‐Valizadeh Hassan , Collins Jeremy D. , Aouad Pascale J. , Serhal Ali M. , Lindley Marc D. , Pang Jianing , Naresh Nivedita K. , Carr James C. , Kim Daniel 
Published: September 2018

PurposeTo develop an accelerated, free‐breathing, noncontrast, electrocardiograph‐triggered, thoracic MR angiography (NC‐MRA) pulse sequence capable of achieving high spatial resolution at clinically acceptable scan time and test whether it produces clinically acceptable image quality in patients with suspected aortic disease.MethodsWe modified a “coronary” MRA pulse sequence to use a stack‐of‐stars k‐space sampling pattern and combined it with golden‐angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP reconstruction to enable self‐navigation of respiratory motion and high data acceleration. The performance of the proposed NC‐MRA was evaluated in 13 patients, where clinical standard contrast‐enhanced MRA (CE‐MRA) was used as control. For visual analysis, two readers graded the conspicuity of vessel lumen, artifacts, and noise level on a 5‐point scale (overall score index = sum of three scores). The aortic diameters were measured at seven standardized locations. The mean visual scores, inter‐observer variability, and vessel diameters were compared using appropriate statistical tests.ResultsThe overall mean visual score index (12.1 ± 1.7 for CE‐MRA versus 12.1 ± 1.0 for NC‐MRA) scores were not significantly different (P > 0.16). The two readers’ scores were significantly different for CE‐MRA (P = 0.01) but not for NC‐MRA (P = 0.21). The mean vessel diameters were not significantly different, except at the proximal aortic arch (P < 0.03). The mean diameters were strongly correlated (R2 ≥ 0.96) and in good agreement (absolute mean difference ≤ 0.01 cm and 95% confidence interval ≤ 0.62 cm).ConclusionThis study shows that the proposed NC‐MRA produces clinically acceptable image quality in patients at high spatial resolution (1.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm) and clinically acceptable scan time (~6 min).
Therapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia following treatment for cancer in childhood: A population‐based registry study
Authors: Brown Catherine A. , Youlden Danny R. , Aitken Joanne F. , Moore Andrew S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundTherapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia (t‐AML) is defined as AML that develops after exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. There is a paucity of available literature, particularly in regard to t‐AML following childhood cancer. Our aim was to describe the risk of t‐AML among children treated for other cancers and their subsequent survival.ProcedureWe utilized data from the population‐based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry to examine all childhood patients (<15 years at diagnosis) treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for cancers other than AML who received a subsequent diagnosis of AML between 1983 and 2014. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to approximate the relative risk of being diagnosed with AML compared to the general population. Estimates of 5‐year observed survival were obtained using the Kaplan‐Meier method, with differences determined by the log‐rank test.ResultsFifty‐eight of 11,753 patients in the study cohort (0.5%) were diagnosed with t‐AML, an almost 50‐fold higher risk than expected (SIR = 45.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 35.3‐59.0). Five‐year observed survival from the date of t‐AML diagnosis was 31.2% (95% CI = 19.6‐43.5%). A significant survival advantage was found for patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) following diagnosis of t‐AML, with a 5‐year survival of 52.4% (29.7‐70.9%) compared to 5.7% (0.4‐22.6%) for those who did not have HSCT (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAlthough rare, t‐AML is an important potential late effect of childhood cancer therapy. Prognosis is generally poor, with HSCT offering some survival benefit.
Earth's perennially frozen environments as a model of cryogenic planet ecosystems
Authors: Rivkina Elizaveta , Abramov Andrey , Spirina Elena , Petrovskaya Lada , Shatilovich Anastasia , Shmakova Lyubov , Scherbakova Viktoria , Vishnivetskaya Tatiana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPermafrost and ice are important components of cryogenic planets and other bodies, which are abundant in the universe. Earth is one of many planets of the cold type. Earth's permafrost and ice provide an opportunity to test hypotheses that could be applied in the search for possible ecosystems and potential life on extraterrestrial cryogenic planets. Permafrost sediments in polar and alpine regions are natural ecosystems with a unique feature of low‐temperature preservation of the biological material and its genetic information. Therefore, permafrost studies allow reconstruction of the events that occurred in the Cenozoic and the prediction of possible life that might have been preserved before the effect of anthropogenic factors on these ecosystems, and could be found within ice or permafrost on other cryogenic planets.
Structural and biochemical characterization of Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70‐x reveals functional versatility of its C‐terminal EEVN motif
Authors: Mabate Blessing , Zininga Tawanda , Ramatsui Lebogang , Makumire Stanley , Achilonu Ikechukwu , Dirr Heini W. , Shonhai Addmore 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum, the main agent of malaria expresses six members of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family. Hsp70s serve as protein folding facilitators in the cell. Amongst the six Hsp70 species that P. falciparum expresses, Hsp70‐x (PfHsp70‐x), is partially exported to the host red blood cell where it is implicated in host cell remodeling. Nearly 500 proteins of parasitic origin are exported to the parasite‐infected red blood cell (RBC) along with PfHsp70‐x. The role of PfHsp70‐x in the infected human RBC remains largely unclear. One of the defining features of PfHsp70‐x is the presence of EEVN residues at its C‐terminus. In this regard, PfHsp70‐x resembles canonical eukaryotic cytosol‐localized Hsp70s which possess EEVD residues at their C‐termini in place of the EEVN residues associated with PfHsp70‐x. The EEVD residues of eukaryotic Hsp70s facilitate their interaction with co‐chaperones. Characterization of the role of the EEVN residues of PfHsp70‐x could provide insights into the function of this protein. In the current study, we expressed and purified recombinant PfHsp70‐x (full length) and its EEVN minus form (PfHsp70‐xT). We then conducted structure‐ function assays towards establishing the role of the EEVN motif of PfHsp70‐x. Our findings suggest that the EEVN residues of PfHsp70‐x are important for its ATPase activity and chaperone function. Furthermore, the EEVN residues are crucial for the direct interaction between PfHsp70‐x and human Hsp70‐Hsp90 organizing protein (hHop) in vitro. Hop facilitates functional cooperation between Hsp70 and Hsp90. However, it remains to be established if PfHsp70‐x and hHsp90 cooperate in vivo.
Electrochemically Facilitated Interaction of O‐Nucleophiles with Imine Group in Electroactiveortho‐((Ferrocenylimino)methyl)phenylboronate and Comparison with Its Regioisomers
Authors: Konhefr Martin , Lacina Karel , Langmajerová Monika Skrutková , Glatz Zdeněk , Skládal Petr , Mazal Ctibor 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMutual position of imine and boronic acid moieties inorthoregioisomer of ((ferrocenylimino)methyl)phenylboronic acid (1 a) facilitates and highly favours reversible molecular switching between C=N imine and COR‐NH hemiaminal group. These two states are controllable electrochemically by oxidation/reduction of ferrocenyl moiety and thus a simple dynamic molecular switch for addition/elimination of nucleophile to/from the imine is formed. The exceptional redox behaviour of1 ain protic primary alcohols is caused by the interaction of both the motif of the boronic acid moiety and imine carbon atom with the alcohol molecule. Thus, the behaviour of acids1is influenced by the type of solvent, oxidation state of the ferrocenyl residue and proximity of the boronic acid moiety. Moreover, other multiple equilibria covering majority of possible interactions of imine group and boronic acid moiety with surroundings including influence of various O‐nucleophiles have been addressed and described in detail within the interest in understanding the fundamental factors governing the B–N interaction.
Tolerogenic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Type 1 Diabetes: Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics Studies in Nonobese Diabetic Mice
Authors: Dubreil Chloe , Sainte Catherine Odile , Lalatonne Yoann , Journé Clément , Ou Phalla , van Endert Peter , Motte Laurence 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNanoparticle (NP) administration is among the most attractive approaches to exploit the synergy of different copackaged molecules for the same target. In this work, iron oxide NPs are surface‐engineered for the copackaging of the autoantigen proinsulin, a major target of adaptive immunity in type 1 diabetes (T1D), and 2‐(1′H‐indole‐3′‐carbonyl)‐thiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid methylester (ITE), a small drug conditioning a tolerogenic environment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with magnetic quantification are used to investigate NP biokinetics in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and control mice in different organs. Different NP biodistribution, with in particular enhanced kidney elimination and a stronger accumulation in the pancreas for prediabetic NOD mice, is observed. This is related to preferential NP accumulation in the pancreatic inflammatory zone and to enhancement of renal elimination by diabetic nephropathy. For both mouse strains, an MRI T2 contrast enhancement at 72 h in the liver, pancreas, and kidneys, and indicating recirculating NPs, is also found. This unexpected result is confirmed by magnetic quantification at different time points as well as by histological evaluation. Besides, such NPs are potential MRI contrast agents for early diagnosis of T1D.
Querbelastete Stumpfstöße als kritisches Kerbdetail bei Stahlrohrtürmen und Monopiles
Authors: Collmann Mareike , Schaumann Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractImmer größere Abmessungen stellen die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette der Windindustrie vor große Herausforderungen. Eine effiziente Fertigung wird für die Unternehmen immer wichtiger, um dem steigenden Kostendruck standzuhalten und auch auf dem internationalen Markt konkurrenzfähig zu bleiben. Im schweren Stahlbau ist das Schweißen die am weitesten verbreitete Fügetechnik. Durch den Einsatz neuartiger Hochleistungsfügeverfahren sollen zukünftig die Lagenanzahl und die Durchlaufzeit in der Fertigung verringert werden. Für diese alternativen Verbindungen ist nachzuweisen, dass die mechanisch‐technologischen Nahteigenschaften vergleichbar oder sogar besser sind. In diesem Beitrag liegt der Fokus insbesondere auf einer Beurteilung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit. Dabei werden sowohl konventionell Unterpulver (UP)‐geschweißte Stumpfstöße als auch Verbindungen, gefügt mit einer Verfahrenskombination aus UP‐ und Elektronenstrahlschweißen an Atmosphäre, experimentell und analytisch untersucht. Motiviert durch die Frage nach einer optimierten Ermüdungsbemessung mit Berücksichtigung lokaler Nahteigenschaften wurde die Nahtgeometrie aller Schwingproben zunächst vermessen. Um eine allgemeine Vergleichbarkeit dieser Messungen zu gewährleisten, werden Standards für diese Messaufgabe und die anschließende Aufbereitung der Daten vorgeschlagen. Die gemessenen Profile wurden in FE‐Modelle überführt und elastische Kerbfaktoren ermittelt. Bei ausreichender Profilanzahl entlang der Naht kann der spätere Anrissort eindeutig prognostiziert werden. Die statistische Auswertung der Kerbfaktoren in Kombination mit den Schwingversuchen zeigt abschließend einen direkten Zusammenhang zwischen geometrischer Kerbwirkung und Lebensdauer.
Analysis of height difference between three trusses of a steel truss bridge during incremental launching
Authors: Wu Xun , Wu Taotao , Chen Weizhen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnalyse der Höhendifferenz zwischen drei Fachwerken einer Stahlfachwerkbrücke während des Taktschiebeverfahrens. Das Taktschiebeverfahren ist aufgrund seiner Platz‐, Zeit‐ und Ausführungsvorteile weit verbreitet im Ingenieurbau. Die Brücke über den gelben Fluss in Jinan ist eine doppelstöckige Eisenbahnbrücke aus Stahlfachwerk mit versteiften Tragelementen, die im Taktschiebeverfahren errichtet wird. Ein Höhenunterschied zwischen den drei Hauptfachwerkträgern infolge eines Montagefehlers kann während des Vorschubs zu großen Reaktionskräften an einem oder zwei Gleitschuhen unter den drei Hauptfachwerken führen, da die Brücke sehr schwer ist. Hierbei ist nicht auszuschließen, dass die Belastung der Hauptbrücke und der Traggerüste das zulässige Maß übersteigt und die Brückenkonstruktion Schaden nimmt. Um den Einfluss veränderlicher Höhendifferenzen auf die Belastung der gesamten Brücke einschließlich der Traggerüste zu untersuchen, werden mithilfe einer Finite‐Elemente‐Simulation die globalen und lokalen Belastungen der gesamten Brücke analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei einer Höhendifferenz von mehr als +20 mm oder weniger als –30 mm die Spannungen der Traggerüste in der Nähe des Pfeilers die zulässige Belastung während des Vorschubs übersteigen. Die Höhendifferenzwerte der drei Fachwerke müssen daher begrenzt werden, um die Sicherheit der Konstruktion zu gewährleisten. Die Grenzwerte der Höhendifferenz wurden mithilfe eines Finite‐Elemente‐Modells der gesamten Brücke bestätigt. Darüber hinaus liegt im lokalen Finite‐Elemente‐Modell die lokale Konstruktion bei Auftreten der bestätigten Höhendifferenz im Sicherheitsbereich, was die Rationalität der bestätigten Höhendifferenzwerte sicherstellt. Die Ergebnisse der Finite‐Elemente‐Simulation entsprechen in etwa denjenigen einer tatsächlichen Messung während des Vorschubs, und die angemessenen Grenzwerte für die Höhendifferenz zwischen drei Fachwerken liegen bei +15 mm bzw. –25 mm. Bei diesen Grenzwerten handelt es sich um die für das Bauteil vorgesehenen Bauvorgabewerte. Abschließend werden Lösungen zur Verringerung des Einflusses des Höhenunterschiedes aufgezeigt.
Rapid Generation of Molecular Complexity by Chemical Synthesis: Highly Efficient Total Synthesis of Hexacyclic Alkaloid (−)‐Chaetominine and Its Biosynthetic Implications
Authors: Geng Hui , Huang Pei‐Qiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe efficiency becomes a key issue in today's natural product total synthesis. While biomimetic synthesis is one of the most elegant strategies to achieve synthetic efficiency and thus to approach the ideal synthesis, most biogenetic pathways are unknown or unconfirmed. In this account, we demonstrate, through the shortest and also the most efficient asymmetric total syntheses of the hexacyclic alkaloid (−)‐chaetominine to date, that on the basis of biogenetic thinking, one can develop quite efficient bio‐inspired total synthesis, which in turn serves to suggest and chemically validate plausible biosynthetic routes for the natural product. The synthetic strategy thus developed is also inspiring for the development of other synthetic methods and efficient total synthesis of other natural products.
Master integrals for the NNLO virtual corrections to μe scattering in QED: the non-planar graphs
Authors: Di Vita Stefano , Laporta Stefano , Mastrolia Pierpaolo , Primo Amedeo , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe evaluate the master integrals for the two-loop non-planar box-diagrams contributing to the elastic scattering of muons and electrons at next-to-next-to-leading order in QED. We adopt the method of differential equations and the Magnus exponential to determine a canonical set of integrals, finally expressed as a Taylor series around four space-time dimensions, with coefficients written as combination of generalised polylogarithms. The electron is treated as massless, while we retain full dependence on the muon mass. The considered integrals are also relevant for crossing-related processes, such as di-muon production ate+e−colliders, as well as for the QCD corrections to top-pair production at hadron colliders. In particular our results, together with the planar master integrals recently computed, represent the complete set of functions needed for the evaluation of the photonic two-loop virtual next-to-next-to-leading order QED corrections toμe→μeande+e−→μ+μ−.
Severe hair loss associated with psyc
hotropic drugs in psychiatric inpatients—Data from an observational pharmacovigilance program in German-speaking countries
Authors: Druschky Katrin , Bleich Stefan , Grohmann Renate , Burda Katharina , Frieling Helge , Hillemacher Thomas , Neyazi Alexandra , Stübner Susanne , Toto Sermin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground:The study aimed to investigate severe hair loss related to psychotropic drugs (PDs) by using data from the drug safety programme Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie (AMSP).Methods:Data on PD utilization and reports of severe PD-related hair loss were collected in 83 psychiatric hospitals in Austria, Germany and Switzerland during the period 1993–2013.Results:Out of 432, 215 patients under surveillance, 404, 009 patients were treated with PDs for the main indications of depression, schizophrenic disorder, neurosis, mania, and organic psychosis. Severe hair loss related to PD treatment was reported in 43 cases (0.01%). The rates of hair loss under antipsychotic drugs were slightly lower than the mean rates of all PDs and antidepressant drugs. Valproic acid was related to the highest risk. In 6 of the 43 cases, hair loss was imputed to multiple drugs, with 4 cases imputed to double drug combinations and 2 cases to triple combinations. Rates of severe hair loss under valproic acid (VPA) and lithium salts were distinctly lower as compared with the overall rates reported in literature. Severe hair loss under PD treatment was reported significantly more often in female patients than in male patients (p < 0.01).Conclusion:The rate of severe PD-related hair loss was very low in the present survey. The large number of patients included in this multicentre study allows for assessment and comparison of hair loss rates related to different PDs and groups of PDs and provides new and supplementary information on PD-related hair loss.
Struggles and Actions for Legal Space in the Urban World: The Case of Informal Economy E-waste Workers
Authors: Khan Sabaa Ahmad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInformal workers play a central role in the global value chain along which electronic waste (e-waste) is collected and recycled. The failure of governments to recognize informal e-waste workers as legitimate stakeholders in the e-waste economy means these workers assume acute health and livelihood risks. This article argues that the exclusionary dynamics of contemporary e-waste governance paradigms, in failing to acknowledge the legal identity of some stakeholders and the legal responsibilities of others, contribute to a grossly imbalanced and environmentally unjust globalization of e-waste marked by the proliferation of dangerous and exploitative forms of work. E-waste legislation must embrace and reflect the needs and interests of marginalized social groups whose livelihoods depend on their participation in the urban waste economy. Waste governance paradigms must recognize informal workers’ claims over urban space and resources, in other words, their spatial citizenship and fundamental place as workers within the global hi-tech economy.
Diatom-inferred aquatic impacts of the mid-Holocene eruption of Mount Mazama, Oregon, USA
Authors: Egan Joanne , Allott Timothy E.H. , Blackford Jeffrey J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigh-resolution diatom stratigraphies from mid-Holocene sediments taken from fringe and central locations in Moss Lake, a small lake in the foothills of the Cascade Range, Washington, have been analyzed to investigate the impacts (and duration) of tephra deposition on the aquatic ecosystem. Up to 50 mm of tephra was deposited from the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama 7958–7795 cal yr BP, with coincident changes in the aquatic ecosystem. The diatom response from both cores indicates a change in habitat type following blanket tephra deposition, with a decline in tychoplanktonic Fragilaria brevistriata and Staurosira venter and epiphytic diatom taxa indicating a reduction in aquatic macrophyte abundance. Additionally, the central core shows an increase in tychoplanktonic Aulacoseira taxa, interpreted as a response to increased silica availability following tephra deposition. Partial redundancy analysis, however, provides only limited evidence of direct effects from the tephra deposition, and only from the central core, but significant effects from underlying environmental changes associated with climatic and lake development processes. The analyses highlight the importance of duplicate analyses (fringe and central cores) and vigorous statistical analyses for the robust evaluation of aquatic ecosystem change.
ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMING AND ITS LIMITS: CAMPAIGNS IN PALESTINE AND ISRAEL
Authors: McKee Emily 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs activists frame campaigns, their region's broader cultural and political context intercedes. In Israel and Palestine attempts to work across national lines and undertake activism that links ecological, economic, and social issues have long been stymied. This article examines how the fraught historical and contemporary relationships of Israelis and Palestinians with land bestow both flexibility and limitations on their framing of campaigns. In particular, it ethnographically analyzes the framing of two projects—the building of an “eco-mosque” and a Jordan River restoration effort—to examine how activists grapple with frame flexibility and its limits. It finds that an Israeli tendency to deterritorialize environmental issues and curb environmental campaigns that are “too political” conflicts with Palestinian criticism of apolitical frames because they euphemize violence and domination. These cases demonstrate how local connotations can make or break environmental campaigns. The eco-adage, “Think global, act local” is not enough. One must think local, too.