bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of milk pH on the chemical, physical and sensory properties of a milk-based alcoholic beverage
Authors: Ibáñez Rodrigo A. , Vyhmeister Stefanie , Muñoz María F. , Brossard Natalia , Osorio Fernando , Salazar Fernando N. , Fellenberg María Angélica , Vargas-Bello-Pérez Einar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe research reported in this Research Communication evaluates the effect of milk acidification on the physicochemical and sensory properties of Licor de Oro (or Gold Liqueur; LO), a traditional alcoholic beverage produced in Chiloé island, Chile, which is made by mixing milk acidified with lemon juice and alcohol at a ratio of 1.0:1.0, along with sugar and other spices. The mixture is stored for a couple of weeks and then filtered to obtain a product with a yellowish-transparent appearance, sweetness and acidic taste, milky and alcoholic notes. The lack of information regarding LO processing, mainly in the amount of acid added to the mixture, leads to products of highly variable quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of milk acidification on the physicochemical and sensory properties of LO. Raw milk was acidified using citric acid to six different pH values: 6.7 (control), 6.0, 5.3, 4.6, 3.9 and 3.2. These milk treatments were then used to make LO. A decrease of milk pH led to LO with higher levels of sensorial and titratable acidity. LO obtained at pH 6.7 and 6.0 had higher levels of total protein than other treatments, leading to excessive turbidity. In contrast, treatments made at pH ≤5.3 had a typical transparent appearance of LO. These results suggest that a minimum level of milk acidification is required to obtain LO with desired appearance and composition.
LA PROGRAMMAZIONE ECONOMICA COME PROCESSO POLITICO
Authors: Urbani Giuliano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneLe programmazioni economiche nazionali — a detta degli stessi pianificatori — falliscono buona parte dei propri obiettivi a causa di ragioni piú spesso politiche che economiche. Benchè messa per ora in termini assai vaghi, non credo che questa affermazione sorprenda eccessivamente; molto piú sorprendente è, invece, constatare come uno strumento di politica economica — qual'è indubbiamente la programmazione — abbia ricevuto da parte degli studiosi cosí scarsa e deludente attenzione proprio nei suoi aspetti e problemi politici. Il risultato è che oggi in materia sappiamo davvero troppo poco e, se è vera l'affermazione di partenza, ci troviamo tuttora pericolosamente disattrezzati a formulare consigli e avvertenze su una delle condizioni basilari per programmare meglio di come si sia riusciti a fare finora.
IL DECLINO DELLE IDEOLOGIE: INTERPRETAZIONE E VERIFICA
Authors: Thomas John Clayton 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneLa discussione sulla sorte dell'ideologia nei paesi occidentali industrializzati è stata una delle piú estese di quasi tutto il passato ventennio fra politologi, sociologi e storici. Ha prodotto almeno una mezza dozzina di testi, e una quantità tale di saggi che non si possono elencare. Nonostante gli si sia prestato notevole attenzione, il dibattito continua tuttora, irrisolto.
LA CADUTA DEI REGIMI DEMOCRATICI
Authors: Linz Juan J. 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneUn mutamento di regime influisce su milioni di persone, suscitando una serie di emozioni che vanno dal timore alla speranza. La Marcia su Roma, il Machtergreifung di Hitler, la guerra civile spagnola, i colpi di stato di Praga nel 1948 e quello contro Allende, questi drammi, che sono il simbolo di un trasferimento di potere, si fissano nella mente del popolo come date fondamentali nella sua storia. Ciò nonostante, l'avvenimento in sé è solo l'apice di un processo di mutamento politico graduale, lungo un periodo di tempo piú o meno prolungato. è possibile che gli scienziati sociali scoprano un modello comune in questi processi che conducono a mutamenti di regime, o ci troviamo di fronte a situazioni storiche irripetibili? è possibile costruire un modello almeno descrittivo del processo del crollo della democrazia che possa infine contribuire ad una migliore comprensione dei suoi elementi e della sua dinamica? Se fosse possibile costruire un tale modello, che idealmente è un modello esplicativo, ne sapremmo di piú sulle condizioni richieste per la stabilità della democrazia. Certamente, il problema della stabilità e del rovesciamento dei sistemi politici ha avuto un ruolo rilevante nella mente umana dal momento in cui l'uomo cominciò a trattare di politica.
Test characteristics of the tuberculin skin test and post-mortem examination for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis in cattle in Northern Ireland estimated by Bayesian latent class analysis with adjustments for covariates
Authors: O'Hagan M. J. H. , Ni H. , Menzies F. D. , Pascual-Linaza A. V. , Georgaki A. , Stegeman J. A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) test and post-mortem examination are the main diagnostic tools for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle in the British Isles. Latent class modelling is often used to estimate the bTB test characteristics due to the absence of a gold standard. However, the reported sensitivity of especially the SICCT test has shown a lot of variation. We applied both the Hui–Walter latent class model under the Bayesian framework and the Bayesian model specified at the animal level, including various risk factors as predictors, to estimate the SICCT test and post-mortem test characteristics. Data were collected from all cattle slaughtered in abattoirs in Northern Ireland in 2015. Both models showed comparable posterior median estimation for the sensitivity of the SICCT test (88.61% and 90.56%, respectively) using standard interpretation and for post-mortem examination (53.65% and 53.79%, respectively). Both models showed almost identical posterior median estimates for the specificity (99.99% vs. 99.80% for SICCT test at standard interpretation and 99.66% vs. 99.86% for post-mortem examination). The animal-level model showed slightly narrower posterior 95% credible intervals. Notably, this study was carried out in slaughtered cattle which may not be representative for the general cattle population.
Strongyloides stercoralis infection in San Marino Republic: first epidemiological data from an observational study
Authors: Cappella E. D. , Piscaglia A. C. , Cadioli A. , Manoni S. , Silva R. , Buonfrate D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStrongyloides stercoralis is a neglected parasite that can cause death in immunocompromised individuals. There were no data on the epidemiology of S. stercoralis infection in San Marino Republic until two patients (one of whom died) were diagnosed with severe strongyloidiasis (hyperinfection) between September 2016 and March 2017. A serology test for Strongyloides spp. was introduced in routine practice in the laboratory of the State Hospital to test patients considered to be at risk for strongyloidiasis. Between August 2017 and August 2018, of 42 patients tested with serology, two (4.8%) were positive. An additional case was found by gastric biopsy. Two of the positive cases were presumably autochthonous infections (elderly people with no significant travel history), while the other was a probable imported case (young man born in Nigeria and settled in Europe since 2003). Epidemiology of strongyloidiasis in San Marino might be similar to Northern Italy, where a relevant proportion of cases was diagnosed in immigrants (mainly from sub-Saharan Africa) and in elderly Italians with eosinophilia. Screening for strongyloidiasis might be worthwhile in inhabitants of San Marino in the same categories of individuals, particularly those at risk of immune suppression.
Epidemiologic characteristics of outbreaks of three norovirus genotypes (GII.2, GII.17 and GII.4 Sydney) in Guangzhou, China, from 2012 to 2018
Authors: Wang H. , Wang D. H. , Chen C. , Lu Y. , Li M. X. , Li T. G. , Zhang Z. B. , Yang Z. C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo compare the epidemiologic features (e.g. settings and transmission mode) and patient clinical characteristics associated with outbreaks of different norovirus (Nov) strains, we retrospectively analysed data of Nov outbreaks occurring in Guangzhou, China from 2012 to 2018. The results suggested that outbreaks of Nov GII.2, GII.17 and GII.4 Sydney exhibited different outbreak settings, transmission modes and symptoms. GII.2 outbreaks mainly occurred in kindergartens, elementary and high schools and were transmitted mainly through person-to-person contact. By contrast, GII.4 Sydney outbreaks frequently occurred in colleges and were primarily associated with foodborne transmission. Cases from GII.2 and GII.17 outbreaks reported vomiting more frequently than those from outbreaks associated with GII.4 Sydney.
The non-destructive separation of diverse astrobiologically relevant organic molecules by customizable capillary zone electrophoresis and monolithic capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Fujishima Kosuke , Dziomba Szymon , Yano Hajime , Kebe Seydina I. , Guerrouache Mohamed , Carbonnier Benjamin , Rothschild Lynn J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThein situdetection of organic molecules in space is key to understanding the variety and the distribution of the building blocks of life, and possibly the detection of extraterrestrial life itself. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been the most sensitive analytical strategy for organic analyses in flight, and was used on missions from NASA's Viking, Phoenix, Curiosity missions to ESA's Rosetta space probe. While pyrolysis GC-MS revealed the first organics on Mars, this step alters or degrades certain fragile molecules that are excellent biosignatures including polypeptides, oligonucleotides and polysaccharides, rendering the intact precursors undetectable. We have identified a solution tailored to the detection of biopolymers and other biomarkers by the use of liquid-based capillary electrophoresis and electrochromatography. In this study, we show that a capillary electrochromatography approach using monolithic stationary phases with tailor-made surface chemistry can separate and identify various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nucleobases and aromatic acids that could be formed under astrophysically relevant conditions. In order to simulate flyby organic sample capture, we conducted hypervelocity impact experiments which consisted of accelerating peptide-soaked montmorillonite particles to a speed of 5.6 km s−1, and capturing them in an amorphous silica aerogel of 10 mg cm−3bulk density. Bulk peptide extraction from aerogel followed by capillary zone electrophoresis led to the detection of only two stereoisomeric peptide peaks. The recovery rates of each step of the extraction procedure after the hypervelocity impact suggest that major peptide loss occurred during the impact. Our study provides initial exploration of feasibility of this approach for capturing intact peptides, and subsequently detecting candidate biomolecules during flight missions that would be missed by GC-MS alone. As the monolith-based electrochromatography technology could be customized to detect specific classes of compounds as well as miniaturized, these results demonstrate the potential of the instrumentation for future astrobiology-related spaceflight missions.
Preferences around the disclosure of dying: A vision from Portuguese society
Authors: Hilário Ana Patrícia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis paper aims to explore the extent to which the “revivalist” discourse of a good death, which promotes an awareness of dying shapes the lived realities of palliative care patients and their families in Portugal.MethodAn ethnographic approach was developed. Participant observation was carried out in 2 palliative care units, and this was complemented by in-depth interviews. Ten terminally ill patients, 20 family members, and 20 palliative care professionals were interviewed.ResultsThe “revivalist” good death script might not be suitable for all dying people, as they might not want an open awareness of dying and, thereby, the acknowledgment of imminent potential death. This might be related to cultural factors and personal circumstances. The “social embeddedness narrative” offers an alternative to the “revivalist” good death script.Significance of resultsThe “revivalist” discourse, which calls for an open awareness of dying, is not a cultural preference in a palliative care context in Portugal, as it is not in accord with its familial nature.
Contribution of Historical Global Warming to Local‐Scale Heavy Precipitation in Western Japan Estimated by Large Ensemble High‐Resolution Simulations
Authors: Kawase H. , Imada Y. , Sasaki H. , Nakaegawa T. , Murata A. , Nosaka M. , Takayabu I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLarge ensemble pairs of high‐resolution global and regional climate simulations, which are composed of 100 members of 60 years each, make it possible to attribute changes in local‐scale heavy precipitation to historical global warming. Mountain ranges separate local climates and can modulate the impact of global warming on heavy precipitation. In the summer, Japan's Kyushu region, with mountain ranges approximately 200‐km long from south to north, receives large amounts of precipitation. Over western Kyushu, the monthly maximum daily precipitation (maxPrdaily) in July increases due to historical global warming, while the maxPrdaily is unchanged over eastern Kyushu. Moisture advection and convergence due to stationary weather fronts are primary factors causing heavy precipitation in western Kyushu and moistening due to warming increases the maxPrdaily. On the other hand, typhoons heading to Kyushu are related to heavy precipitation over eastern Kyushu. The changes in typhoons heading to Kyushu result in unchanged maxPrdaily in eastern Kyushu. Our results suggest that local‐scale mountain ranges can change synoptic‐scale disturbances causing heavy precipitation and modulate the impact of historical global warming on heavy precipitation across mountain ranges.
Millennial‐Scale Climate Variability and Dinoflagellate‐Cyst‐Based Seasonality Changes Over the Last ~150 kyrs at “Shackleton Site” U1385
Authors: Datema Mariska , Sangiorgi Francesca , de Vernal Anne , Reichart Gert‐Jan , Lourens Lucas J. , Sluijs Appy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDuring the last glacial period, climate conditions in the North Atlantic region were determined by the alternation of relatively warm interstadials and relatively cool stadials, with superimposed rapid warming (Dansgaard‐Oeschger) and cooling (Heinrich) events. So far little is known about the impact of these rapid climate shifts on the seasonal variations in sea surface temperature (SST) within the North Atlantic region. Here, we present a high‐resolution seasonal SST record for the past 152 kyrs derived from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program “Shackleton” Site U1385, offshore Portugal. Assemblage counts of dinoflagellates cysts (dinocysts) in combination with a modern analog technique (MAT), and regression analyses were used for the reconstructions. We compare our records with previously published SST records from the same location obtained from the application of MAT on planktonic foraminifera. Our dinocyst‐based reconstructions confirm the impression of the Greenland stadials and interstadials offshore the Portuguese margin and indicate increased seasonal contrast of temperature during the cold periods of the glacial cycle (average 9.0 °C, maximum 12.2 °C) with respect to present day (5.1 °C), due to strong winter cooling by up to 8.3 °C. Our seasonal temperature reconstructions are in line with previously published data, which showed increased seasonality due to strong winter cooling during the Younger Dryas and the Last Glacial Maximum over the European continent and North Atlantic region. In addition, we show that over longer time scales, increased seasonal contrasts of temperature remained characteristic of the colder phases of the glacial cycle.
The Role of Geomagnetic Field Intensity in Late Quaternary Evolution of Humans and Large Mammals
Authors: Channell J. E. T. , Vigliotti L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt has long been speculated that biological evolution was influenced by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the Earth's surface, despite imprecise knowledge of the timing of both UVR flux and evolutionary events. The past strength of Earth's dipole field provides a proxy for UVR flux because of its role in maintaining stratospheric ozone. The timing of Quaternary evolutionary events has become better constrained by fossil finds, improved radiometric dating, use of dung fungi as proxies for herbivore populations, and improved ages for nodes in human phylogeny from human mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes. The demise of Neanderthals at ~41 ka can now be closely tied to the intensity minimum associated with the Laschamp magnetic excursion, and the survival of anatomically modern humans can be attributed to differences in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor that has a key role in the evolutionary response to UVR flux. Fossil occurrences and dung‐fungal proxies in Australia indicate that episodes of Late Quaternary extinction of mammalian megafauna occurred close to the Laschamp and Blake magnetic excursions. Fossil and dung fungal evidence for the age of the Late Quaternary extinction in North America (and Europe) coincide with a prominent decline in geomagnetic field intensity at ~13 ka. Over the last ~200 kyr, phylogeny based on mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes in modern humans yields nodes and bifurcations in evolution corresponding to geomagnetic intensity minima, which supports the proposition that UVR reaching Earth's surface influenced mammalian evolution with the loci of extinction controlled by the geometry of stratospheric ozone depletion.
Temporal Change of Seismic Earth's Inner Core Phases: Inner Core Differential Rotation or Temporal Change of Inner Core Surface?
Authors: Yao Jiayuan , Tian Dongdong , Sun Li , Wen Lianxing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe discuss the question whether inner core (IC) differential rotation or temporal change of the IC surface provides a consistent interpretation for temporal changes of the IC‐related phases and their coda. While temporal change of the IC surface is required and provides a consistent explanation to all the seismic observations, we present three lines of seismic evidence showing that IC differential rotation cannot provide a consistent or reasonable interpretation for the observed temporal change of seismic waves from repeating earthquakes in the South Sandwich Islands (SSI) and the Middle America subduction zone. (1) Changed PKIKP/PKiKP coda between events in a doublet in SSI indicates an IC surface scatterer that simply disappeared, with no associated energy in the later event for any assumed IC differential rotation. (2) Within a cluster in SSI, comparisons between temporal changes of PKIKP wave and its coda of the earlier and later event pairs yield contradictory estimates of differential rotation rate change by a factor of at least 27, using different portions of seismic data. (3) The seismic data from repeating earthquakes in Middle America indicate a PKiKP temporal change of 0.017–0.04 s on a timescale of 8–85 days, requiring an unreasonable rotation rate of at least 8.6°/year. We conclude that the observed temporal changes of IC phases are caused by temporal changes of the IC surface, which occur in some localized regions within a timescale of days or months, a phenomenon that should provide important clues to our understanding of core dynamics.
A Method of Three‐Dimensional Location for LFEDA Combining the Time of Arrival Method and the Time Reversal Technique
Authors: Chen Zefang , Zhang Yang , Zheng Dong , Zhang Yijun , Fan Xiangpeng , Fan Yanfeng , Xu Liangtao , Lyu Weitao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBased on fast electric field waveforms of the Low‐frequency E‐field Detection Array (LFEDA), we introduce the time reversal technique into lightning three‐dimensional location for the first time and propose a new algorithm for the three‐dimensional location of lightning low‐frequency discharges. Without using complex filtering algorithms to remove higher‐frequency component, this method obtains similar results to the newly reported LFEDA refinement algorithm. The new algorithm can obtain finer, more continuous, and richer positioning results with a minimum of four stations, 5‐dB signal‐to‐noise ratio, and 500‐ns time error compared with the low‐frequency signal time of arrival three‐dimensional positioning method. These results indicate that the new algorithm has the advantages of low requirements on the number of stations, certain anti‐interference ability, and low requirements on time accuracy. The standard deviations in the X and Y directions for return strokes of triggered lightning flashes are both approximately 90 m.
Potential Added Value of Incorporating Human Water Use on the Simulation of Evapotranspiration and Precipitation in a Continental‐Scale Bedrock‐to‐Atmosphere Modeling System: A Validation Study Considering Observational Uncertainty
Authors: Keune J. , Sulis M. , Kollet S. J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHuman activities, such as human water use, have been shown to directly influence terrestrial water fluxes and states. Simulations of soil moisture, river discharge, evapotranspiration, and groundwater storage are significantly improved, if human interactions, such as irrigation and groundwater abstraction, are incorporated. Yet improvements through the incorporation of human water use on the simulation of local and remote precipitation are rarely studied but may contribute to the skill of land surface fluxes. In this study, we evaluate the impact of human water use on the skill of evapotranspiration and precipitation in a fully coupled bedrock‐to‐atmosphere modeling platform. The results show that human water use can potentially increase the skill of the simulations across scales. However, observational uncertainty at the watershed scale limits the identification of model deficiencies and added value related to human water use. Locally, daily precipitation statistics potentially benefit from the incorporation of human water use. Although the incorporation of human water use does not remove the wet bias, it can increase the model skill.
RelB acts as a molecular switch driving chronic inflammation in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Waters Michael R. , Gupta Angela S. , Mockenhaupt Karli , Brown LaShardai N. , Biswas Debolina D. , Kordula Tomasz 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor characterized by extensive necrosis and immunosuppressive inflammation. The mechanisms by which this inflammation develops and persists in GBM remain elusive. We identified two cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1) and oncostatin M (OSM) that strongly negatively correlate with patient survival. We found that these cytokines activate RelB/p50 complexes by a canonical NF-κB pathway, which surprisingly drives expression of proinflammatory cytokines in GBM cells, but leads to their inhibition in non-transformed astrocytes. We discovered that one allele of the gene encoding deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), needed for repression of cytokine genes, is deleted in 80% of GBM tumors. Furthermore, RelB specifically interacts with a transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in GBM cells and activates GBM-specific gene expression programs. As a result, GBM cells continuously secrete proinflammatory cytokines and factors attracting/activating glioma-associated microglia/macrophages and thus, promote a feedforward inflammatory loop.