bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesencephalosynapsis and aqueductal stenosis
Authors: Fisher Yael , Shannon Patrick , Greenberg Orli , Chitayat David , Chong Karen , Blaser Susan , Shinar Shiri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mesencephalosynapsis is characterized by a failure of the dorsal brainstem colliculi to separate into distinct lateral masses (non-cleavage, a.k.a. “fusion”). It is linked to ventriculomegaly and aqueductal stenosis but other associations have not been systematically examined. We reviewed a large cohort of fetal hydrocephalus cases to explore associations of aqueductal stenosis, mesencephalosynapsis, and other pathologies. Among 115 cases of fetal obstructive hydrocephalus (15-41 weeks gestation), mesencephalosynapsis was seen in 44 cases (38.3%). We graded the wide range of abnormal aqueductal histology; mesencephalosynapsis was associated with 67% of severe, 35% of mild, and 10% of borderline aqueductal pathologies. In 75% of cases, it was associated with other CNS anomalies, including rhombencephalosynapsis, holoprosencephaly, hemifacial microsomia, and amniotic rupture sequence. We also identified 2 cases of aqueductal stenosis associated with brainstem tegmental injury, probably ischemic in origin, without mesencephalosynapsis. Clinical and genetic associations of mesencephalosynapsis included diabetic embryopathy, amniotic rupture sequence, chromosomal abnormalities, and mutations in TBCD132, FRAS1, and NECTIN1. This is the largest review of the histology of fetal aqueductal stenosis to date. We conclude that mesencephalosynapsis points to a defect in embryonic brainstem patterning and may be isolated, associated with other malformations, and that it is found in heritable and non-heritable conditions.
Application of boundary integral quadrature method to torsion problems of an isotropic bar containing edge cracks
Authors: Lee Jia-Wei , Hiesh Yu-Sheng , Chen Jeng-Tzong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Regarding the Saint-Venant torsion problem of elastic cylindrical bar containing edge cracks, the boundary integral quadrature method (BIQM) in conjunction with the dual formula is employed to solve the stress function. In comparison with the conventional dual boundary element method (BEM), the present method is not required to generate the mesh. To achieve this advantage, the parametric representation for the boundary contour and the Gaussian quadrature for the boundary integral play important roles in the present method. When the collocation point is located on the ordinary boundary, the original adaptive exact solution is used to skillfully determine the singular integral in the Cauchy principal value sense. When the collocation point is located on the crack, the corresponding adaptive exact solution is rederived by using the linear combination of harmonic basis of elliptical coordinates. To realize the effect upon the elastic cylinder due to the crack, the torsional rigidity of the cross-section and the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip are considered to calculate. To conveniently determine the torsional rigidity, the formula is transformed into the form of the boundary quadrature of the boundary density. To the computation of the SIF, the corresponding boundary data on the boundary point that is the most nearly the crack tip is adopted. To check the validity of present results, the conventional dual BEM is adopted to examine those results. Finally, 3 elastic cylindrical bars of different cross-sections are considered. Two of them are circular cross-sections with a radial edge crack and a slant edge crack and the other is an elliptical cross-section with two edge cracks.
Caregivers’ physiological responses during toddler vaccinations: associations with psychological and behavioral responses
Authors: Badovinac Shaylea D , Flora David B , Edgell Heather , Flanders Dan , Garfield Hartley , Weinberg Eitan , Savlov Deena , Pillai Riddell Rebecca R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study investigated biological, psychological, and behavioral aspects of caregivers’ responses to toddlers’ pain-related distress by measuring caregivers’ high-frequency heart rate variability (HRV) responses during toddler vaccination pain and examining associations with caregivers’ behavioral responses and psychological stress.

Methods
Participants included caregiver–toddler dyads (N = 194) from a longitudinal cohort-sequential study who were observed during toddlers’ 12-, 18-, or 24-month routine vaccinations. Changes in caregiver HRV were analyzed using growth curve modeling. Conditional growth curve models examined associations between caregiver HRV and caregivers’ concurrent behavior and psychological stress.

Results
The unconditional growth curve model indicated a slight linear decrease in caregiver HRV (i.e., vagal withdrawal) across the 3 min post-needle (unstandardized B = –0.06, p = .049). In conditional growth curve models, higher levels of parenting stress were associated with less vagal withdrawal during the post-needle period (standardized B = 0.47, unstandardized B = 0.02, p = .003). Caregivers’ behavioral responses (i.e., use of soothing and distress-promoting behaviors), state anxiety, and general anxiety symptomology were not significantly associated with HRV responses.

Conclusions
Caregiver parasympathetic nervous system activity levels changed minimally from baseline to post-needle and decreased slightly across the post-needle period. Caregivers’ self-reported parenting stress was associated with their parasympathetic responses to the procedure. Findings support an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying caregivers’ responses to children’s pain-related distress in a naturalistic setting.
Inhaled exogenous thymosin beta 4 suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via TGF-β1 signalling pathway
Authors: Yu Rui , Li Shimeng , Chen Li , Hu Enbo , Chai Dan , Liu Zhichao , Zhang Qianyi , Mao Yunyun , Zhai Yanfang , Li Kai , Liu Yanhong , Li Xiaohe , Zhou Honggang , Yang Cheng , Xu Junjie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and fibrotic interstitial lung disease. The two drugs indicated for IPF have limited efficacy and there is an urgent need to develop new drugs. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a natural endogenous repair factor whose antifibrotic effects have been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exogenous recombinant human thymosin beta 4 (rhTβ4) on pulmonary fibrosis.

Methods
Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in mice with bleomycin, and rhTβ4 was administrated by nebulization following three strategies: early dosing, mid-term dosing, and late dosing. The rhTβ4 efficacy was assessed by hydroxyproline, lung function, and lung histopathology. In vitro, the effects of rhTβ4 on fibroblast and lung epithelial cell phenotypes, as well as the TGF-β1 pathway, were evaluated.

Key findings
Aerosol administration of rhTβ4 could alleviate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice at different stages of fibrosis. Studies conducted in vitro suggested that rhTβ4 could suppress lung fibroblasts from proliferating, migrating, and activation via regulating the TGF-β1 signalling pathway. In vitro, rhTβ4 also inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like process of pulmonary epithelial cells.

Conclusions
This study suggests that nebulized rhTβ4 is a potential treatment for IPF.
Cecal volvulus in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Yip Swee Yan , Rashid Amir , Ward Stephen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gastrointestinal pathology in adult patients with Marfan Syndrome is rarely reported in literature. Nevertheless, it could be life threatening when it occurs. In our paper, we are presenting the first reported case of caecal volvulus in an adult patient with Marfan Syndrome, our findings and management. We also discuss the more common radiological findings that may enhance decision making amongst surgical clinicians. A high index of suspicion and a multidisciplinary approach is advised when encountering these group of patients.
Oncocytic lipoadenoma of the parotid gland: a case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Alotaibi Jood K , Almuhaimid Turki Mohammed , Moumneh Ghada Abdallah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Oncocytic lipoadenomas are a rare sub-category of fat-containing tumors of the salivary glands. These tumors are characterized by their oncocyte-predominant epithelial component admixed with mature adipocytes. This condition has been rarely reported to affect the parotid and the submandibular glands. We report a case of a 69-year-old male who presented to our otolaryngology outpatient department with a complaint of a gradually growing right-sided infra-auricular neck mass. A surgical full mass excision was performed, and a histopathological evaluation yielded a tumor with oncocytes organized in tubular structures. This paper presents the fourth unusual case of a giant oncocytic lipoadenoma of the parotid gland measuring 11.5 × 10.5 × 11.5 cm in anteroposterior, transverse, and cranial planes, respectively.
Re-sensitization of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and restoration of cephalosporins susceptibility in Enterobacteriaceae by recombinant Esterase B
Authors: Whangsuk Wirongrong , Dulyayangkul Punyawee , Loprasert Suvit , Dubbs James M , Vattanaviboon Paiboon , Mongkolsuk Skorn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sphingobium sp. SM42 Esterase B (EstB) is an enzyme with a dual function in degrading dibutyl phthalate and catalyzing the cleavage of the C–S bond in C3-sidechains of the dihydrothiazine ring of cephalosporins, generating more active β-lactam derivatives. Global prokaryotic genome analysis revealed the existence of a gene identical to estB in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS1 suggesting a horizontal gene transfer event involving estB. To investigate the effect of ectopic expression of EstB in the periplasm of P. aeruginosa and several Enterobacteriaceae on antibiotic susceptibility levels, plasmid, pEstB, carrying a recombinant EstB fused with the signal peptide from Escherichia coli outer membrane protein A (OmpA) for periplasmic localization was constructed. The expression of EstB in the periplasm of P. aeruginosa and the Enterobacteriaceae: E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, increased susceptibility to carbapenems and cephalosporins. EstB reversed the imipenem resistance of P. aeruginosa ΔmexS and restored the changes in susceptibility to cephalosporins conferred by the downregulation of the outer membrane proteins, OmpK35 and OmpK36, in K. pneumoniae ΔramR-ompK36 to wild-type level. The introduction of EstB to the periplasmic space of Gram-negative bacteria can increase carbapenem and cephalosporin susceptibility.
Pulmonary aspergillosis in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas): A case series
Authors: Poester Vanice Rodrigues , Hidalgo Jessica E Dávila , Munhoz Lívia Silveira , Trápaga Mariana Rodrigues , Andrade Emília Ferreira , Canabarro Paula Lima , Parmigiani Pamela , Freitas Eduarda Corrêa , Flores Mariana Martins , Lamego Éryca Ceolin , Adornes Andréa Corrado , Pasqualotto Alessandro Comarú , Stevens David A , Xavier Melissa Orzechowski 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We report a series of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) on the southern coast of Brazil. During 13-month period, seven animals were recovered on the coastal beach and sent to a rehabilitation center, dying after a period of captivity up to 27 days. Granulomatous nodules in the lung, with the presence of hyaline and septate hyphae, were found in all. Invasive aspergillosis was confirmed by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Our study is the first to describe Aspergillus sp. infection in green turtles. Prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of such severe fungal diseases on sea turtles.
PROSPECT: a profile likelihood code for frequentist cosmological parameter inference
Authors: Holm Emil Brinch , Nygaard Andreas , Dakin Jeppe , Hannestad Steen , Tram Thomas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Cosmological parameter inference has been dominated by the Bayesian approach for the past two decades, primarily due to its computational efficiency. However, the Bayesian approach involves integration of the posterior probability and therefore depends on both the choice of model parametrization and the choice of prior on the model parameter space. In some cases, this can lead to conclusions that are driven by choice of parametrization and priors rather than by data. The profile likelihood method provides a complementary frequentist tool that can be used to investigate this effect. In this paper, we present the code prospect for computing profile likelihoods in cosmology. We showcase the code using a phenomenological model for converting dark matter into dark radiation that suffers from large volume effects and prior dependence. prospect is compatible with both cobaya and montepython, and is publicly available at https://github.com/AarhusCosmology/prospect_public.
Chemical evolution during molecular cloud formation triggered by an interstellar shock wave: dependence on shock parameters and comparison with molecular absorption lines
Authors: Komichi Yuto , Aikawa Yuri , Iwasaki Kazunari , Furuya Kenji 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate chemistry in the compression layer behind the interstellar shock waves, where molecular cloud formation starts. We perform three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulations of converging flows of atomic gas with shock parameters of inclination between the interstellar magnetic field and the shock wave, pre-shock density, and shock velocity. Then we derive one-dimensional mean-flow models, along which we calculate a detailed gas–grain chemical reaction network as a post process with various chemical parameters, i.e. cosmic ray ionization rate, abundances of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals in the gas phase. While carbon chains reach their peak abundances when atomic carbon is dominant in the pseudo-time-dependent models of molecular clouds, such behaviour is less significant in our models since the visual extinction of the compression layer is low ($\lesssim$1 mag) when atomic carbon is abundant. Carbon chains, CN, and HCN increase at $A_V \gtrsim 1$ mag, where the gas phase C/O ratio increases due to water ice formation. Shock parameters affect the physical structure and the evolutional time-scale of the compression layer, and thus molecular evolution. Carbon chains are more abundant in models with higher post-shock density and slower gas accumulation. We calculate molecular column densities in the compression layer and compare them with the observations of diffuse and translucent clouds, which show reasonable agreement for water ice, carbon chains, and HCO$^+$. The observed variation of their column densities could be due to the difference in shock parameters and chemical parameters. The column density of CN is overestimated, for which we discuss possible reasons.
Accretion disc–jet decomposition from the optical-near infrared monitoring of Fermi blazars
Authors: Rajguru Garima , Chatterjee Ritaban 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We study the variability of the thermal (accretion disc) and non-thermal (jet) emission of thirteen flat spectrum radio quasars in the optical and near infrared (OIR) regime using light curves spanning years with an average sampling of three observations per week. We fit a combination of a blackbody and a power-law function to the OIR data, in the blazar rest frame, to extract the corresponding thermal (disc) and non-thermal (jet) components from the total flux. We carry out this analysis for the entire duration of the light curves to obtain the variation of the disc and jet components over years. Reliability of our fits have been affirmed by successfully retrieving accurate parameters by employing our method to simulated data and by comparing our results with published disc luminosity obtained by other methods for a few well-observed blazars. In blazars, the thermal (disc) emission is difficult to extract because the relativistically beamed radiation of the jet dominates at all wavelengths. By employing this method, the disc emission in blazars may be estimated directly from photometric data at OIR bands instead of indirect methods, such as, inferring it from the emission line luminosities. We find that the variability of the disc and jet emission obtained by the above method are strongly correlated in most cases.
The multiwavelength variability of BL Lacertae: changes from an IBL to an HBL in multiple epochs
Authors: Wang Jin-Tong , Jiang Yun-Guo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Variation mechanism of blazar is still under debate. In this study, we investigate the correlation and spectral variation of the BL Lacertae and propose a scenario to explain various phenomena in a comprehensive manner. The local cross-correlation function analysis indicates a strong positive correlation between the $\gamma$-ray and optical fluxes, suggesting a common emission region for these emissions. Additionally, we found a hint of correlation between the X-ray and the radio emissions. The source shows a softer-when-brighter trend at a low flux level and a harder-when-brighter trend at a high flux level in the optical band. The long-term variability indicates that the BL Lacertae changes from an intermediate-synchrotron-peaked object to a high-synchrotron-peaked object in multiple epochs. This is further supported by modelling the broad-band spectral energy distributions of the source during these epochs using the log-parabolic model. The flux correlations and spectral behaviours at multiple bands could be explained by the shift of synchrotron peak frequency in the shock-in-jet model. At short-term time-scale, the variation on the $qu$ planes suggests a polarized background component. There is no correlation between polarization degree and flux at long-term time-scales. Our study sheds light on the variation mechanism of BL Lacertae.
Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of core-collapse supernovae – I. Hydrodynamic evolution and protoneutron star properties
Authors: Nakamura Ko , Takiwaki Tomoya , Matsumoto Jin , Kotake Kei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We present results from three-dimensional, magnetohydrodynamic, core-collapse simulations of 16 progenitors following until 0.5 s after bounce. We use non-rotating solar-metallicity progenitor models with zero-age main-sequence mass between 9 and 24 ${\rm M}_{\odot }$. The examined progenitors cover a wide range of the compactness parameter including a peak around $23 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. We find that neutrino-driven explosions occur for all models within 0.3 s after bounce. We also find that the properties of the explosions and the central remnants are well correlated with the compactness. Early shock evolution is sensitive to the mass accretion rate on to the central core, reflecting the density profile of the progenitor stars. The most powerful explosions with diagnostic explosion energy $E_{\rm dia} \sim 0.75 \times 10^{51}$ erg are obtained by 23 and 24 ${\rm M}_{\odot }$ models, which have the highest compactness among the examined models. These two models exhibit spiral standing-accretion-shock-instability motions during 150–230 ms after bounce preceding a runaway shock expansion and leave a rapidly rotating neutron star with spin periods $\sim 50$ ms. Our models predict the gravitational masses of the neutron star ranging between $1.22$ and $1.67 {\rm M}_{\odot }$ and their spin periods 0.04 – 4 s. The number distribution of these values roughly matches observation. On the other hand, our models predict small hydrodynamic kick velocity (15–260 ${\rm km \, s}^{-1}$), although they are still growing at the end of our simulations. Further systematic studies, including rotation and binary effects, as well as long-term simulations up to several seconds, will enable us to explore the origin of various core-collapse supernova explosions.
Study of basaltic asteroids through their phase curves
Authors: Arcoverde P , Pereira W , Rondón E , Monteiro F , Evangelista-Santana M , Michimani J , Medeiros H , Silva-Cabrera J S , Rodrigues T , Lazzaro D 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Characterized by a composition that highlights extensive geochemical differentiation processes, basaltic asteroids are considered fragments of differentiated bodies. To study the smallest bodies in this population, an important tool is the photometric phase curve that can exhibit different behaviours according to the surface properties of the body. We present here the phase curves obtained for 10 V-type asteroids, nine belonging to the main belt population and one a near-Earth object, with observations acquired at the Observatório Astronômico do Sertão de Itaparica (Brazil). Different behaviours of the phase curves were found, as already obtained by studies of polarimetric curves. Adding to our results in the phase curves of 20 V-types from the literature, we found behaviours not expected for objects of moderate to high albedo in the opposition effect region. We attribute this result to the way regoliths are distributed on the surface of small asteroids, which are different from those of larger objects, although the surface composition is the same.
A splitting method for numerical relativistic magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Komissarov Serguei S , Phillips David 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We describe a novel splitting approach to numerical relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD) designed to expand its applicability to the domain of ultrahigh magnetization (high-$\sigma$). In this approach, the electromagnetic field is split into the force-free component and its perturbation due to the plasma inertia. Accordingly, the system of RMHD equations is extended to include the subsystem of force-free degenerate electrodynamics and the subsystem governing the plasma dynamics and the perturbation of the force-free field. The combined system of conservation laws is integrated simultaneously, to which aim various numerical techniques can be used, and the force-free field is recombined with its perturbation at the end of every time-step. To explore the potential of this splitting approach, we combined it with a third-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory method, and carried out a variety of 1D and 2D test simulations. The simulations confirm the robustness of the splitting method in the high-$\sigma$ regime, and also show that it remains accurate in the low-$\sigma$ regime, all the way down to $\sigma =0$. Thus, the method can be used for simulating complex astrophysical flows involving a wide range of physical parameters. The numerical resistivity of the code obeys a simple ansatz and allows fast magnetic reconnection in the plasmoid-dominated regime. The results of simulations involving thin and long current sheets agree very well with the theory of resistive magnetic reconnection.