bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Interstellar Spectra and Solar Modulation of Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium
Authors: Zhu Cheng-Rui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Galactic cosmic rays suffer from solar modulation when they propagate through the heliosphere. The transfer of the local interstellar spectrum (LIS) to the top-of-atmosphere spectra is influenced by solar wind convection, and diffusion on the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF), among other factors. In this work, we derive the LIS of proton (p) and helium (He) covering energies from a few MeV/n to TeV/n, using a nonparameterization method. The study utilizes monthly AMS-02 data on proton and helium fluxes and their ratio to examine the evolution of solar modulation from 2011 May to 2017 May. To improve the fitting, the force-field approximation is modified by assigning different solar modulation potentials for high (ϕ

h
) and low (ϕ

l
) energy ranges. A sigmoid function is employed to describe the transition between these energy ranges. The analysis reveals that the break in proton and helium fluxes occurs at the same rigidity value, with a mean of approximately 6 GV and this break is more pronounced during the HMF reversal period. The ϕ

l
is close to the result of Advanced Composition Explorer while the ϕ

h
is close to the result of neutron monitor data. Furthermore, the long-term behavior of the proton-to-helium ratio ratio is found to naturally arise from the model when considering different Z/A values and the LISs for proton and helium.
Grain Size Effects on Visible and Near-infrared (0.35–2.5 μm) Laboratory Spectra of Rare Meteorite Classes
Authors: Ridenhour K. I. , Reddy V. , Battle A. , Cantillo D. , Pearson N. C. , Sanchez J. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Linking near-Earth asteroids to associated meteorites can be a challenging process for many reasons, one being grain size differences. To address this issue for rarer meteorites, we studied visible and near-infrared (0.35–2.5 μm) reflectance spectra of 11 rare meteorite classes over five different grain size bins (45–90 μm, 90–150 μm, 150–300 μm, 300–500 μm, and 500–1000 μm). We analyzed the reflectance properties, diagnostic spectral band parameters (band centers and band area ratios), spectral slope, and taxonomic classification. The spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis to detect trends in principal component (PC) space and the impact on asteroid taxonomic classification in the Bus–DeMeo system. We found that the absolute reflectance (visual albedo) at 0.55 μm (photometric V band) typically decreases with increasing grain size, although there are some variations such as sharp increases for the slabs. Our EH4 and aubrite show a trend of increasing spectral slope with decreasing grain size. Our ureilite, angrite, winonaite, acapculoite, and mesosiderite show a general trend of a decrease in Band I (∼0.9 μm) depth with increasing grain size up to 500–1000 μm. Taxonomic classification of spectra of all grain sizes shows that classification tools generally struggle to differentiate grain size effects from mineralogical variations. This research demonstrates the need for a more robust taxonomic classification system that accounts for grain size and one that accurately classifies small near-Earth asteroids with regolith-free surfaces.
Une si longue course
Authors: Nicolas Claire 
Published: November 2024

Au travers d’une histoire comparée du Ghana et de la Côte d’Ivoire au xxe siècle, l’ouvrage propose un regard inédit sur l’histoire des sports en Afrique. Il montre comment ces activités ont participé à construire des dynamiques de domination racialisée et genrée au sein d’institutions qui émergent pendant la période coloniale : écoles, clubs sportifs, mouvements de jeunesse. Grâce à une chronologie longue (du début du xxe siècle aux années 1970), il met en lumière la façon dont les États indépendants réinterprètent l’ensemble du champ sportif colonial. À la croisée de plusieurs champs historiographiques (histoire du sport, de l’Afrique, du genre, et de la citoyenneté), ce livre montre des tensions propres à différents régimes politiques en Afrique de l’Ouest : colonisation britannique ou française, régimes postcoloniaux militaires, démocratiques, socialistes ou capitalistes. Enfin, cet ouvrage met au jour les connexions globales de l’histoire de l’Afrique, alors que les acteurs et actrices du champ sportif s’inscrivent dans des circulations locales, régionales, continentales et globales. Il permet dès lors de comprendre que l’histoire des sports en Afrique a des ramifications globales qui dépassent largement le seul football masculin.
Passer de la motivation à l’engagement : réflexion sur la notion de contrôle comportemental et démarche initiale du développement de l’échelle de la tendance à s’activer (ETA)
Authors: Cabot Isabelle , Surprenant Rachel 
Published: November 2024

Une myriade de résultats de recherche identifie la motivation comme étant un très fort prédicteur du comportement. Toutefois, la motivation ne suffit pas à engager l’individu dans le comportement souhaité. Dans le but de mieux comprendre par quel processus un individu maintient le contrôle sur un comportement motivé jusqu’à sa mise en action, la littérature portant sur le concept de contrôle comportemental a été consultée, révélant deux principales conceptualisations : celle du lieu de contrôle et celle de la perception du contrôle comportemental. Celles-ci ne concordent pas avec celle suspectée pas les autrices de la présente étude, à savoir la tendance à faire ce qu’on a prévu de faire. Dans cette optique, une courte échelle de type Likert a été élaborée pour confronter cette idéation à des items des deux conceptualisations repérées dans la littérature auprès d’étudiants francophones du postsecondaire. Les résultats de cette exploration initiale indiquent de bonnes qualités psychométriques aux quatre items de l’échelle de la tendance à s’activer (ETA). En découlent des propositions de démarches de validation supplémentaires pour affirmer la fiabilité de l’ETA. L’échelle est discutée en fonction des besoins qui ont justifié son élaboration et de son potentiel en termes de développement d’interventions pédagogiques.
La forme scolaire : analyse d’un concept clé pour comprendre la difficile prise en compte de l’hétérogénéité des élèves à l’école primaire française
Authors: Jouan Sylvie 
Published: November 2024

L’objectif de cet article est double : d’une part, revenir sur la définition du concept de forme scolaire et ses clarifications successives dans les différentes publications de Guy Vincent, en mettant en évidence les dimensions historique, sociologique et philosophique d’une telle approche. Cette analyse nous permet de souligner la signification politico-morale portée par ce concept que l’on ne peut réduire à celui de structure. D’autre part, il s’agit de montrer, en nous appuyant sur la réalité sociohistorique à laquelle renvoie ce concept, que la forme scolaire telle qu’elle s’est historiquement construite en France s’appuie sur le modèle pédagogique hérité de l’œuvre de Jean-Baptiste de la Salle. Ce modèle porté par un idéal d’homogénéité du groupe classe aura pour effet, des débuts de l’école républicaine à aujourd’hui, une très difficile prise en compte de l’hétérogénéité des élèves. Notre analyse prend appui sur l’exemple des classes à plusieurs cours, ou classes multiniveaux, longtemps mises à l’épreuve par cette forme scolaire incompatible avec la réalité de telles classes par définition hétérogènes.
Le tabellionage et l’histoire économique : l’exemple de la draperie rouennaise au Moyen Âge (1360-1415)
Authors: Roch Jean-Louis 
Published: November 2024

Le tabellionage peut-il nous permettre d’approcher l’organisation économique et sociale d’une industrie, comme la draperie médiévale ? La draperie rouennaise nous servira de modèle. Les premiers registres de Rouen, à partir de 1360, ont conservé les actes concernant les affaires commerciales, mais l’on ne sait pas toujours la personne qui se cache sous le nom, et le nom lui-même est rarement accompagné de la profession. Et, à partir de 1415-1419, les affaires commerciales, ce que l’on appelle le « meuble », disparaissent. L’enquêteur doit donc travailler dans une fenêtre du temps et rechercher la profession dans les réglementations des métiers. Trois séries d’actes ont permis d’accéder au déroulement de la production : l’achat de laine, les frais de teinture et la location d’installations à tendre le drap avant la vente, les pentheurs, en début et fin du processus. Selon le modèle florentin, la draperie médiévale était censée être dominée par le marchand-drapier, qui achetait la laine, la faisait travailler et vendait le drap, mais il n’était pas certain que ce modèle fonctionne au nord des Alpes. C’est cette dernière thèse que l’enquête a voulu confirmer, en décrivant un monde de la petite entreprise, qui ne laissait guère de place au grand marchand capitaliste. L’enquête a aussi révélé l’importance des réseaux financiers et des réseaux familiaux, le rôle de l’entraide et celui d’une culture de la confiance. À côté du marchand-entrepreneur, il a existé aussi de petits artisans entrepreneurs.
Protocole de fouille sur les sites paléolithiques : justification des besoins et modalités de mise en œuvre à Combe-Grenal et à l’abri inférieur du Moustier (Dordogne, France)
Authors: Discamps Emmanuel , Thomas Marc , Faivre Jean-Philippe , Gravina Brad 
Published: November 2024

En archéologie, la robustesse et la précision des données de terrain, uniques par la nature destructrice de la fouille, conditionnent à elles seules les études ultérieures sur les modes de vie passés. Rares cependant sont les articles qui décrivent, justifient et discutent les méthodes de fouilles adoptées. Cela cause souvent des difficultés aux chercheurs souhaitant reprendre l’étude d’une collection ancienne ou comparer les données entre différents sites et pose également question sur la reproductibilité de nos pratiques de terrain. Dans cet article, les méthodes de fouille mises en œuvre à Combe-Grenal et à l’abri inférieur du Moustier (Dordogne, France) sont exposées après avoir tenté de justifier et d’expliciter la nature des données requises par les différents spécialistes (établissement d’un cahier des charges). Ces deux sites, très riches en mobilier archéologique, ont nécessité une réflexion sur l’optimisation des modalités d’acquisition des données de terrain en termes de temps et de consommation de sachets plastiques. Deux solutions techniques simples se sont montrées particulièrement efficaces : a) l’emploi d’une numération unique et continue pour toutes les données et b) un système de plateaux et boîtes compartimentées. Tout au long de l’article, la dialectique entre besoins, données, méthodes et justification des choix opérés est discutée.
Cardioprotective effect of bioassay–guided fractions of Cleome viscosa methanolic extract in streptozotocin–induced diabetic rats
Authors: Yarrappagaari Suresh , Thopireddy Lavanya , Cheemanapalli Srinivasulu , Narala Venkata Ramireddy , Saddala Rajeswara Reddy 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the cardioprotective effect of bioassay-guided isolated fractions of Cleome viscosa methanolic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods:
Total phenolics, flavonoids, and in vitro antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa were evaluated. The FD-40 fraction from this extract was further evaluated for antihyperglycemic efficacy (insulin and HbA1c), antioxidant activity, and cardioprotective effects (creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, and histopathology) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In silico studies were also conducted to assess the bioactivity of FD-40.

Results:

Cleome viscosa methanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, and FRAP assays compared to other extracts. Treatment with FD-40 (40 mg/kg b.w.) isolated from this extract normalized blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, creatine kinase-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase levels in diabetic rats. It also significantly reduced oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes, decreasing lipid peroxidation as well as restoring the levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione. Histological study demonstrated that FD-40 treatment improved cardiac structure in diabetic rats. Molecular docking analysis revealed that phytocompounds from FD-40 had strong binding affinities with cardiac markers and oxidative enzymes. Hexose (5TMS) demonstrated greater binding affinity with xanthine oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase.

Conclusions:
FD-40 of Cleome viscosa methanolic extract exhibits significant cardioprotective effects in diabetic rats by regulating cardiac markers and reducing oxidative stress. The underlying mechanisms need to be elucidated in the future.
Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of silver nanofibers essential oils of prunus dulcis
Authors: Obaid Nuha A.M. , Faisal Noor H. , Ali Nuha W. , Ibrahim Ruaa G. , Hassan Ayat N. , Kadhum Ayat J. , Al-Shawi Ali A.A. , Mohmmed Mohammed E. , Abdalla Mohnad 
Published: November 2024

Background

Prunus dulcis possesses various beneficial qualities, including liver-protective, cardio metabolic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anxiety-reducing properties. Furthermore, the oil is a fantastic moisturizing cream for hair and skin, to it can help prevent stretch marks and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy damage. These biological applications highlight the importance of developing nanotechnology applications for P. dulcis almond oils.

Materials and methods
In this study, essential oils derived from the fruit of the almond tree (P. dulcis) were employed as reducing agents for producing silver nanofibers (AgNFs). Synthesized AgNFs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The biological activities of (AgNFs) were examined.

Results
The current study showed the absorption of synthesized (AgNFs) at 415 nm. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the nanofibers average diameter varied from 200 nm to 10 nm. The biological activities of (AgNFs) were evaluated using minimum inhibitor concentration, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and flow cytometry tests. The cell cycle test of (AgNFs) showed it arrested with S-phase of two types of human cancer cells (HepG2 liver cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells).

Conclusion
These antibacterial and anticancer properties of AgNFs highlight the increased medicinal value of essential oils when coupled with AgNFs produced from almond essential oil.
Ochronotic Arthropathy of the Knee Managed with Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Prasad J. B. Venkatesh , Kulshrestha Vikas , Sood Munish , Prabhakara Anjan , Kulshrestha Soma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ochronosis, also known as alkaptonuria is a rare genetic disorder characterised by blue-black discolouration of skin and the cartilage. We present here a case of ochronosis of lateral compartment of the knee joint in 42 year old male which was managed with lateral uni-compartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).
Quantitative assessment of orthodontic treatments performed by graduate orthodontic students of an International School of Dentistry
Authors: Gholizadeh Mohsen , Farzanegan Fahimeh , Heravi Farzin , El-Bialy Tarek 
Published: November 2024

CONTEXT:
Assessing and monitoring treatment quality within graduate courses are vital for maintaining high standards and addressing areas needing improvement. In this study, we evaluated the treatment quality delivered by measuring the total scores obtained from the comprehensive clinical assessment (CCA) index and the objective grading system (OGS) index.

AIMS:
This study aimed to evaluate the quality of orthodontic treatments administered by graduate students by using the CCA index and OGS index.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
The research was carried out at the Orthodontic Department of Mashhad School of Dentistry, focusing on a cross-sectional analysis of orthodontic treatments administered by graduate students.

METHODS AND MATERIAL:
The study randomly selected 36 cases from the department’s archives and evaluated them through pre- and post-treatment analyses, including radiographs, photographs, and dental casts. The evaluation employed the CCA and the OGS indices.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Data analysis was performed using the Spearman and Mann-Whitney tests.

RESULTS:
The CCA correlated with the patient’s age and gender and was statistically significant (P = 0.007 and P = 0.010, respectively). The CCA index was substantially associated with treatment duration (P = 0.032 a). There was no significant relationship between OGS and CCA (P = 0.223). The mean of post-treatment OGS was 18.97. All criteria of OGS and the overall score were improved significantly (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this study suggested that orthodontic treatment results provided by the investigated program have high scores and meet high standards of the CCA and OGS indices.
To Evaluate the Efficacy of Sonic, Ultrasonic, and Manual Irrigation Using Side-Vented Needles for Removal of Metapex Using Different Irrigating Solutions
Authors: Mukherjee Trina , Kurup Deepak , Mahreen Shazia , Khuva Hetal , Tikadar Sourav , Majumder Hrishita 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy of sonic, ultrasonic, and manual irrigation using a side-vented needle for the removal of Metapex with different irrigating solutions.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-five extracted mandibular premolars were decoronated at 12 mm, and biomechanical preparation was performed up to F2 with thorough irrigation using 5.25% NaOCl between files. Metapex was introduced into the canals, and a precleaning cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was conducted for volumetric analysis of Metapex in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Samples were thermocycled for 14 days and then divided into three groups: manual dynamic activation, ultrasonic activation, and sonic activation. After Metapex removal, postcleaning CBCT scans were taken for volumetric analysis. The mean pre- and postcleaning Metapex volumes were calculated for each group and canal third. Statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance, with significant results further analyzed by Tukey’s post hoc test (P < 0.05).

Results:
The mean residual volumes were 79.85, 97.70, and 96.96 in the manual, ultrasonic, and sonic groups, respectively. Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences between the manual and both ultrasonic and sonic groups, with no significant difference between the ultrasonic and sonic groups.

Conclusion:
Ultrasonic activation is the most efficient method for Metapex removal from root canals.
Study of Severe Preeclampsia: Epidemiological, Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Prognostic Aspects over One Year at SMGS Hospital, Jammu: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sharma Deepika 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
This research was conducted retrospectively, with a focus on description and analysis, spanning from July 2022 to June 2023.

Materials and Methods:
The research included all pregnant women who were hospitalized to the department and delivered with a gestational age of more than 22 weeks and had severe preeclampsia.

Results:
The total number of deliveries was 22,180, out of which 63 cases were diagnosed with severe pre-eclampsia. Upon admission, ultrasound assessment of pregnant women revealed intrauterine growth limitation in 17 instances, accounting for 26.98% of the total.

Conclusion:
Increasing awareness among pregnant women during antenatal care (ANC) about the dangers of pre-eclampsia, providing additional training for healthcare workers, closely and promptly monitoring women at high risk, and managing the condition in a multidisciplinary environment may improve the prognosis for both the mother and the fetus.
Asymptotic estimate of solutions in a 4th-order parabolic equation with the Frobenius norm of a Hessian matrix
Authors: Li Ke , Liu Bingchen , Dou Jiaxin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper deals with a 4th-order parabolic equation involving the Frobenius norm of a Hessian matrix, subject to the Neumann boundary conditions. Some threshold results for blow-up or global or extinction solutions are obtained through classifying the initial energy and the Nehari energy. The bounds of blow-up time, decay estimates, and extinction rates are studied, respectively.
Semiconductor Laser Packaging Technology: Thermal Management, Optical Performance Enhancement, and Reliability Studies
Authors: Wu TianQi , Shen Jichen , Zou Jun , Wu Peng , Liao Yitao 
Published: November 2024

This review article presents a comprehensive and in-depth discussion of thermal management, optical performance enhancement, and reliability issues in semiconductor laser packaging technology. By synthesizing existing literature and research results, the article presents a systematic summary of the research progress and practical applications of semiconductor laser packaging technology in these key areas. In the section on thermal management, the article reviews different heat sink technologies, packaging structures, and solid crystal materials with the aim of improving the thermal stability and long-term reliability of semiconductor laser devices. In the section on optical performance enhancement, the article outlines beam shaping techniques and packaging technologies. It also addresses reliability issues in packaging, discussing optical mirror damage as well as stress and mechanical damage. The aim of this review is to provide assistance for the further development and application of semiconductor laser packaging technology, with the objective of promoting the rapid and healthy development of the laser industry.

Received: 1 April 2024 | Revised: 18 September 2024 | Accepted: 18 November 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author Contribution Statement
Tianqi Wu: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - review & editing, Supervision. Jichen Shen: Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft. Jun Zou: Visualization. Peng Wu: Project administration, Funding acquisition. Yitao Liao: Project administration, Funding acquisition.
The algorithm of effective development of the passenger complex facilities of JSC "Russian railways", taking into account the tourist component
Authors: Vlasova N. V. , Olencevich V. A. 
Published: November 2024

The presented scientific study examines the strategy and role of JSC Russian Railways in the organization and development of Russian and foreign tourist destinations. This made it possible to identify key areas of modernization of the railway passenger complex in order to increase the level of competitiveness in the transport services market, as well as to develop an algorithm for the effective development of the passenger complex facilities of JSC Russian Railways, taking into account the tourist component.The issues of modernization of the passenger complex of JSC “Russian Railways” as an organizer of tourism are considered. Based on the forecast of prospective volumes of passenger tourist traffic, the company formulated the priority areas on which it is necessary to focus investment resources first of all.