bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating grammatical processing in bilinguals
Authors: Clahsen Harald , Veríssimo João 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this article we discuss methods for investigating grammatical processing in bilinguals. We will present a methodological approach that relies on: (i) linguistic theory (in our case, morphology) for the construction of experimental materials; (ii) a design that allows for direct (within-experiment, within-participant, and within-item) comparisons of the critical conditions; and (iii) data analysis techniques that make both linear and non-linear gradient effects visible. We review recent studies of masked morphological priming in bilinguals in which the application of these methodological principles revealed highly selective interactions of age of acquisition (and the native/non-native contrast) with the linguistic distinction between inflection and derivation. We believe that such considerations are not only relevant for grammatical processing experiments, but also for studying bilingualism, and its potential cognitive advantages, more generally.
What cognitive processes are likely to be exercised by bilingualism and does this exercise lead to extra-linguistic cognitive benefits?
Authors: Klein Raymond M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
I begin with some personal history that illuminates my background and my interest in the questions posed in this article’s title (What cognitive processes are likely to be exercised by bilingualism and does this exercise lead to extra-linguistic cognitive benefits?). A brief overview of historical interest in these questions follows, with emphasis on the landmark study by Peal and Lambert (1962) and the seminal ideas in Bialystok’s (2001) book: Bilingualism in Development: Language, Literacy and Cognition. Three cognitive processes (monitoring, selection mediated by inhibition, and switching) are likely to be “exercised” in the bilingual mind and, especially, in the bilingual context. Yet, despite a few early studies that reported evidence for bilingual advantages in these cognitive processes, the thorough empirical reviews presented here and in previous papers by Hilchey (Hilchey & Klein, 2011; Hilchey, Saint-Aubin, & Klein, 2015) and others, suggest that there are no extra-linguistic cognitive benefits of multilingual mastery.
Executive control in bilingual children
Authors: Marton Klara 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
While findings on the bilingual advantage in adults are mixed, the data from children are more consistent but still show variations. A number of factors influence the outcomes, such as individual bilingual characteristics, variations in target functions, and differences in task type. Our goal is to demonstrate that there is a complex relationship among these variables and that the outcomes of executive function (EF) studies depend on the interactions among these factors. Performance on EF is influenced by children’s language proficiency, language use, age, socioeconomic status, and culture. These individual features show different interactions with different executive components. Bilingual and monolingual children differ in some EFs but not in others. Variations in tasks and other measurement issues further increase the differences in the results. We may better understand the nature of the bilingual advantage in children if we combine aspects of developmental science and language processing with hypotheses about bilingualism.
Does bilingualism protect against cognitive aging?
Authors: Watson Caitlin Wei-Ming , Manly Jennifer J. , Zahodne Laura B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recent studies of bilingualism as a protective factor in cognitive aging have reported conflicting findings, and researchers have begun to explore the methodological complications that may explain differences across studies. This article details the current research landscape and addresses several issues relevant to the study of bilingualism and late-life cognitive function: study design, establishing causal relationships, confounding factors, operationalizing bilingualism, predicting cognitive level versus cognitive change, and incorporating brain structural variables to interrogate cognitive reserve.
Investigating the influence of Epstein-Barr virus on the p53 pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Kiat Lee Boon , Entigu Linton Reagan , Morin Nissom Peter , Matthew Neilsen Paul 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy arising from the epithelial lining of nasopharynx. It is one of the most common malignancies in the southern area of China and South-East Asia. NPC is frequently reported in Sarawak, Malaysia especially in males and is endemic to certain ethnic groups, including the Bidayuh and Chinese. The development of NPC is associated with multiple factors, with one common mechanism involving persistent infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This study will aim to gain a clearer understanding regarding the mechanism of EBV influencing p53 pathway to facilitate NPC development. Mutations in p53 mutation have been associated with oncogenesis of several human malignancies, however such mutations are relatively rare in NPC and the mechanisms through which p53 in inactivated in this malignancy remain poorly understood. In this study, we study the activity of p53 in immortalised nasopharyngeal epithelial cells using nutlin-3, an MDM2 antagonist. The impact of EBV infection on the protein expression of p53 and its ability to stimulate its transcriptional target genes is studied. The proteins levels of p53 and its transcriptional activation of target genes was significantly higher in EBV-infected cells, indicating that EBV infection alone is not sufficient to attenuate the p53 pathway in a non-malignant nasopharyngeal cell line. These observations will provide the fundamental steps towards the understanding of p53 and EBV viral proteins interaction that causes NPC.A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Jun 2020 to correct an author name.
Coupled MHD-Focused Transport Simulations for Modeling Solar Particle Events
Authors: Linker Jon A. , Caplan Ronald M. , Schwadron Nathan , Gorby Matthew , Downs Cooper , Torok Tibor , Lionello Roberto , Wijaya Janvier 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We describe the initial version of the Solar Particle Event (SPE) Threat Assessment Tool or STAT. STAT relies on elements of Corona-Heliosphere (CORHEL) and the Earth-Moon-Mars Radiation Environment Module (EMMREM), and allows users to investigate coronal mass ejection (CME) driven SPEs using coupled magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and focused transport solutions. At the present time STAT focuses on modeling solar energetic particle (SEP) acceleration in and transport from the low corona, where the highest energy SEP events are generated. We illustrate STAT’s capabilities with a model of the July 14, 2000 “Bastille Day” event, including innovative diagnostics for understanding the three-dimensional distribution of particle fluxes and their relation to the structure of the underlying CME driver. A preliminary comparison with NOAA GOES measurements is shown.
Kinetic Solvers with Adaptive Mesh in Phase Space for Low-Temperature Plasmas
Authors: Kolobov Vladimir , Arslanbekov Robert , Levko Dmitry 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We describe the implementation of 1d1v and 1d2v Vlasov and Fokker-Planck kinetic solvers with adaptive mesh refinement in phase space (AMPS) and coupling these kinetic solvers to Poisson equation solver for electric fields. We demonstrate that coupling AMPS kinetic and electrostatic solvers can be done efficiently without splitting phase-space transport. We show that Eulerian fluid and kinetic solvers with dynamically adaptive Cartesian mesh can be used for simulations of collisionless plasma expansion into vacuum. The Vlasov-Fokker-Planck solver is demonstrated for the analysis of electron acceleration and scattering as well as the generation of runaway electrons in spatially inhomogeneous electric fields.
Test particles in relativistic resistive magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Ripperda Bart , Porth Oliver , Keppens Rony 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Black Hole Accretion Code (BHAC) has recently been extended with the ability to evolve charged test particles according to the Lorentz force within resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations. We apply this method to evolve particles in a reconnecting current sheet that forms due to the coalescence of two magnetic flux tubes in 2D Minkowski spacetime. This is the first analysis of charged test particle evolution in resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations. The energy distributions of an ensemble of 100.000 electrons are analyzed, as well as the acceleration of particles in the plasmoids that form in the reconnection layer. The effect of the Lundquist number, magnetization, and plasma-β on the particle energy distribution is explored for a range of astrophysically relevant parameters. We find that electrons accelerate to non-thermal energies in the thin current sheets in all cases. We find two separate acceleration regimes: An exponential increase of the Lorentz factor during the island coalescence where the acceleration depends linearly on the resistivity and a nonlinear phase with high variability. These results are relevant for determining energy distributions and acceleration sites obtaining radiation maps in large-scale magnetohydrodynamics simulations of black hole accretion disks and jets.
Development of a distributed ferromagnetic enhanced inductively coupled plasma source for plasma processing
Authors: Sukhinin G I , Isupov M V , Fedoseev A V , Yudin I B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A low frequency (∼100 kHz) distributed ferromagnetic enhanced inductively coupled plasma (FMICP) source with a separate supply of argon and chlorine into the main discharge chamber is proposed in order to obtain a large volume of dense (1010−1012 cm-3) uniform plasma at low pressures (1−100 mTorr). Argon is activated by FMICP sources in U-shaped tubes and diffuses into the main chamber, mixing with chlorine. The Ar/Cl2 mixture is also activated in the main discharge chamber by vortex alternating electric fields circulating in U-tubes and in the chamber. A separate supply of Ar into the side FMICP sources and Cl2 directly into the main chamber can significantly enhance the power transfer efficiency into the main discharge chamber to be used for plasma etching of 450 mm wafers.
Experimental investigation of the repeatability of direct damage induced by lightning strikes on metallic panels
Authors: Alhossen I. , Espinosa C. , Chieragatti R. , Hor A. , Pierré E. , Vilcocq S. , Montel T. , Gnangnon O. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Metallic parts of aircrafts that are used for fuel tanks areas or even for the fuselage can suffer from severe direct damage due to lightning strikes. Laboratory tests imitating lightning strikes follow standard regulations requirements that prescribe the current waveforms the structure must resist depending on the zone of the airplane. D+B+C* current waveforms are under concern here and are reproduced in by specific current delivery devices at DGA-Ta lightning lab. The present paper points out that in some cases, tests considered as identical from the standard regulation point of view can generate different damages in the plate, and even variability in perforation apparition. This paper proposes a damage severity index (DSI) that allows considering in an intrinsic manner the effect of the testing parameters related to the current waveform or from the sample modification. The analysis of the tests exhibits a threshold over which a critical crater occurs and the risk of perforation is maximal. We use the DSI to perform a sensitivity analysis on a small data set of lightning tests and quantify the positive or negative effects of significant current waveform or sample input parameters.
Wettability analysis of desiccant beads for HVAC systems
Authors: Guilizzoni Manfredo , De Antonellis Stefano 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Vapour adsorption plays a fundamental role in the operation and performance of innovative heat and mass transfer devices for latent heat recovery in HVAC systems. Materials to be used for such devices should present a high affinity with water vapour; at the same time pores should not be flooded in case the surface finds itself in contact with liquid water (e.g., due to moisture formation) and the surface should minimize the wetted parts. From the latter point of view hydrophobic microporous surfaces would be the most suitable; on the contrary, commonly used materials have hydrophilic and/or macroporous surfaces and their behaviour in presence of moisture is still not fully understood. Therefore, this paper is aimed at studying (mostly experimentally, with the support of numerical simulations) wettability and interaction with water, together with adsorption isotherms, of three commercially available desiccant beads (Silica Gel, Silica Gel impregnated with LiCl, Activated Alumina). Results evidence that the behaviour is significantly different between the three materials, even if their static and dynamic wettability is quite similar.
Vegetation monitoring via a novel push-broom-sensor-based hyperspectral device
Authors: Moroni Monica 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Due to their remarkable spatial and spectral resolution, hyperspectral sensing devices appear the most suited for detection of vegetation presence according to the peculiar spectral features that vegetation exhibits. Among the applications, vegetation identification as well as vegetation health-state detection via spectral data analysis is feasible due to the modifications the typical vegetation spectral signature undergoes when abnormalities are present. A push-broom-sensor-based spectral device characterized by low cost, weight, power consumption, and no need of GPS/inertial measurement units for post-flight georeferencing was placed on an airplane and employed for the acquisition of spectral data in a wide territory. The proximal sensing field campaign was carried out in San Teodoro (Olbia-Tempio-Sardinia). Classification procedures and the employment of vegetation indices made it possible to identify the vegetated areas. The platform characteristics and the methodology developed allow vegetation to be investigated within a large interval of scales from a few centimeters to some hundred meters. Data acquired agree well with thematic maps of the areas under investigation. The broadband indices Red DVI, SR and TVI perform remarkably well in highlighting the presence of vegetation.
High-sensitivity vibrometer based on FM self-mixing interferometry
Authors: Norgia M , Bandi F , Pesatori A , Donati S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We present a new optical instrument for vibrations measurement, based on a method to read the frequency modulation of a laser diode self-mixing interferometer. The laser source, when exposed to back-injection of its emitted power, is perturbed in frequency and amplitude (self-mixing effect). When the optical back-injection level is low, the self-mixing effect introduces a frequency and amplitude modulation (FM and AM) of the emitted optical field. We demonstrated with a prototype instrument that the performances of FM modulation, in terms of resolution, sensitivity and bandwidth, show an improvement of two order of magnitude with respect to well-known AM self-mixing interferometer.
Short-run and long-run demand elasticity of shallot in North Sumatera Province
Authors: Pane T C , Supriana T , Khaliqi M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Shallot is one of the leading horticultural commodities from the seasonal vegetable group in Indonesia. Of all the total harvested area of the seasonal vegetable crops in Indonesia, the largest is used to produce shallots. The increase in demand for shallot because of population growth and increase in income, as well as the domestic production of shallot which cannot meet the high needs for shallot, results in imbalance condition in shallot market and thus push price up. The autoregressive model adapted from Nerlove partial adjustment model and multiple linear regression analysis with the estimation technique of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) were used to analyse the factors affecting the demand for shallot and estimate the demand elasticity to the price of shallot in North Sumatera. The results showed that the consumer price of shallot, the consumer price of garlic, and the population of North Sumatera have a positive effect on the demand for shallot, while the GDP per capita of North Sumatera and the demand for shallot in the previous period have a negative effect on the demand for shallot in North Sumatera. Demand elasticity of shallot in North Sumatera is inelastic, both in the short-run and the long-run.
Factors affecting the production of arabica coffee of smallholder plantations in Dairi District
Authors: Rahmanta  , Purba S , Supriana T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The productivity of arabica coffee of community in Dairi District is still relatively low compared to other districts where in 2014 it was recorded at 12.13 qtl/ha/year, which was lower than the productivity of arabica coffee at Simalungun, Toba Samosir, and Madina Districts which were respectively of 15.46, 14.24, and 13.90 qtl/ha/year. This study aims to analyse the factors that affect the production of arabica coffee of smallholder plantations in Dairi District, North Sumatra Province. This study used primary data from interviews with arabica coffee farmers. Determination of sample is by Accidental Sampling method, while the sample size is determined by Slovin method where the number of respondents is 99 families. Data analysis was performed using the production function method of Cobb-Douglas. The results showed that simultaneously the number of plants, the age of plants, the number of labours, the amount of fertilizer, and the amount of pesticide have a significant effect; while partially the number of plants, the age of plants, and the amount of fertilizer have a significant positive effect, and the number of labours and the amount of pesticide have a positive but not significant effect on arabica coffee production of smallholder plantations in Dairi District.
The impact of fluctuation of the price of food commodity on inflation in North Sumatera Province
Authors: Irawati D J , Wibowo R P , Ayu S F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Inflation in North Sumatera Province fluctuates annually. The contribution of foodstuffs to inflation in North Sumatera Province shows a high contribution. This study analyzes the fluctuations in commodity prices for rice, red chilies, onion and garlic. The data used are monthly time series data in the form of Consumer Price Index (CPI) and food commodity prices in the period January 2000 to December 2017. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of fluctuations in food commodity prices (rice, red chilies, onion, and garlic) to inflation in North Sumatera Province. The data analysis method used in this research is robust regression. The results of this study indicate that the commodities of rice, red chilies, and onion had positive and significant impact on inflation in North Sumatera Province, while garlic commodity did not have any significant impact on inflation in North Sumatera Province.
Utilization of solar power as DC water pump movement in hydroponic plants
Authors: Sigalingging R , Honora P 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhotovoltaics is used to convert sunlight energy into electrical energy, which can be used as a regulator of water circulation hydroponic planting methods that are easy, practical and attractive so that they can be used easily by the urban community in their operations. The use of solar power as a DC water pump driver in hydroponic plants was designed using several tools including 10 Wp photovoltaic and DC stepdown LM 7812 with 3.6 W power. This research was conducted in Agricultural Faculty Building, University of Sumatera Utara with a height of 2 meters from the ground. DC water pump could function optimally at 11.00 a.m. - 3.00 p.m. with an average sunlight intensity of 373.71 - 310.65 W/m2and an average temperature of 30°C - 33°C. Photovoltaics monocrystalline type produced daily energy of 224.75 Wh with an efficiency of 8.14% while polycrystalline produced 194.81 Wh of electricity with 7.57% efficiency. The results showed that monocrystalline PV was better than polycrystalline PV.
Oil Palm Water Balance; a tools for Analysing Oil Palm Water Footprint and Root Water Uptake Distribution in Root Zone
Authors: Safitri L , Hermantoro  , Purboseno S , Kautsar V , Saptomo S K , Ardiyanto A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The varying condition of climate, soil properties, crop stage, ground water existing in oil palm cultivation require the specific water balance model to perform the precision crop water use. The purposes for this research were to develop oil palm water balance model for calculating the hydrological parameter of oil palm and analysing oil palm water footprint and root water uptake distribution in root zone. The model of oil palm water balance was developed through the following step: oil palm root architecture study, instrument installation and data observation, model development and calibration. The oil palm water balance tool was developed by inputting the data base including climate, soil properties, crop stage, root density and root zone layer as well. The results in the case for 11th year oil palm tree on soil type ultisol in Central Kalimantan during the simulation climate data pointed out that the average root water is 3.46 mm/day and distributed 63% on 2st root zone. From the total water usage and the average production 14.19kg/month, it resulted the 1.053 m3/kg water footprint of FFB (76 % green water and 24% blue water).
Carcass composition of fat tailed sheep at different slaughter weight
Authors: Hasanah U , Hasnudi  , Mirwandhono E , Ginting N , Patriani P , Baihaqi M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sheep is one of the important livestock commodities in Indonesia. Production of lamb is still low compared to beef and chicken meat. The objective of the research was to evaluate carcass characteristics and composition of fat tail sheep at different slaughter weight. This research was conducted using a total of twenty three fat tailed sheep rams. Six sheeps were slaughtered at 17.5 kg of live weight, five sheeps were slaughtered at 25 kg of live weight, seven sheeps were slaughtered at 32.5 kg of live weight and five sheeps were slaughtered at 40 kg of live weight. The data was analysed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result showed that slaughter weight, empty body weight, weight and percentage of carcass DEG slaughtered at 40 kg is higher than others slaughter weight (P<0.01). Percentage of fat tissue of fat tailed sheep rams slaughtered at 40 kg, 32.5 kg, and 25 kg was higher than slaughtered at 17.5 kg (P<0.01). Percentage carcass of fat tailed sheep was slaughtered at 40 kg, 32.5 kg, 25 kg, and 17.5 kg was 55.12%, 54.91%, 52.28%, and 48.74%.