bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The features of the theoretical training of the ancient Roman military
Authors: Oliynyk Mykola 
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article. To investigate the specifics of the training of senior officers of the Roman army in the Late Republican period and the Early Principate. To outline the peculiarities of the study of military theory by the senior command staff of the legion, as well as to prove the probability of the existence of specialized libraries among the Roman elite, which consisted of the works of Greek and Roman authors of the genre of military literature. Research methodology. The research methodology: comparative, analysis, synthesis and analytical analysis. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the problem of military education in Ancient Rome was comprehensively investigated for the first time. In particular, the peculiarities of the study of the theory of military affairs not only by representatives of the highest military command — those from the nobility, but also by "new people" (homines novi) — representatives of the riding class (equites) are analyzed. Conclusions. It has been proven that the senior officers were not illiterate in military affairs and quite successfully coped with the assigned tasks — both in the administrative field and on the battlefield. It is also determined that the responsibilities of the senior officers of the Roman army, in particular military commanders, in addition to knowledge and skills in the field of military art, also included understanding the psychology of ordinary soldiers and the art of eloquence (rhetoric). The latter was acquired not so much from experience as from studying the works of Greek orators and philosophers.
Efficacy and safety of rebamipide/nizatidine in patients with erosive gastritis: A randomized, multicenter, phase 4 study
Authors: Kang Donghoon , Choi Myung-Gyu , Shim Ki-Nam , Jung Hye-Kyung , Nam Seung-Joo , Park Jung Ho , Kim Sang Gyun , Kim Nam-Hoon , Hong Su Jin , Jeon Tae Joo , Chung Jae Il , Lee Hang Lak , Lee Ju Yup , Kim Tae Oh , Lee Chang Min , Kim Sun Moon , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Kim Jang Eon , Moon Jeong Seop , Kim Ho Dong , Lee Wan-Sik , Park Hong Jun 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
For the treatment of gastritis, rebamipide, a mucoprotective agent, and nizatidine, a gastric acid suppressant, are commonly employed individually.
AIM
To compare the efficacy of Mucotra® SR (rebamipide 150 mg) and Axid® (nizatidine 150 mg) combination therapy with the sole administration of Axid® in managing erosive gastritis.
METHODS
A total of 260 patients diagnosed with endoscopically confirmed erosive gastritis were enrolled in this open-label, multicenter, randomized, phase 4 clinical trial, allocating them into two groups: Rebamipide/nizatidine combination twice daily vs nizatidine twice daily for 2 weeks. The full-analysis set analysis encompassed 239 patients (rebamipide/nizatidine, n = 121; nizatidine, n = 118), while the per-protocol analysis included 218 patients (n = 110 vs 108). Post-treatment assessments comprised primary (erosion improvement rate) and secondary (erosion and edema cure rates, erythema improvement rates, hemorrhage, and gastrointestinal symptoms) endpoints. Furthermore, drug-related adverse effects were evaluated.
RESULTS
Primary efficacy assessment showed a statistically significant improvement rate in mucosal erosions in the combination group compared to the control group in the full-analysis set (rebamipide/nizatidine 62.0%, nizatidine 49.2%, P = 0.046), with a similar trend noted in the per-protocol analysis (62.7% vs 50.0%, P = 0.058). Both groups were effective in curing erosion and edema and improvement of bleeding, erythema, and gastrointestinal symptoms, whereas no inter-group differences were noted. When confined to the participants with gastritis symptoms, improvement of erosion was more optimal in the combination group (63.0% vs 49.5%, P = 0.046). No adverse events related to the drugs were observed.
CONCLUSION
Rebamipide/nizatidine combination is effective in treatment of erosive gastritis.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT DENGAN PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI MOBILE JKN DI PUSKESMAS KENDALSARI
Authors: Dahlia Mustika Sinci , Sangkot Hartaty Sarma , Akbar Prima Soultoni 
Published: November 2024

Jumlah masyarakat Indonesia yang telah terdaftar anggota JKN yaitu 255,89 juta jiwa dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia dan hanya 4,15% dari jumlah tersebut yang mendownload program mobile JKN diponselnya. Dari studi pendahuluan pada Puskesmas Kendalsari hanya terdapat sebanyak 11,6% pasien yang mendaftar menggunakan aplikasi mobile JKN pada periode April-Juni 2023. Bertujuan guna menganalisis interaksi wawasan masyarakat dengan pemakaian mobile JKN pada Puskesmas Kendalsari. Metode yang dipakai ialah analitik kuantitatif dengan lokasi penelitian yaitu Puskesmas Kendalsari. Objek penelitian ini adalah 96 responden dari peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional yang mendaftar di Puskesmas Kendalsari. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara pengisian kuesioner yang didahului dengan uji validitas serta reliabilitas pada kuesioner yang tersedia. Dalam penelitian ini, variabel independent adalah pengetahuan masyarakat, sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah penggunaan aplikasi mobile JKN. Analisis data dilakukan memakai analisis univariat dan bivariat yang menggunakan pengujian chi-square. Sebanyak 52% responden memliki pengetahuan yang baik terkait aplikasi mobile JKN, sebanyak 57% responden belum memanfaatkan mobile JKN dan terdapat interaksi wawasan dengan pemakaian aplikasi mobile JKN di Puskesmas Kendalsari (P-Value < 0,005). Bahwa masyarakat yang memiliki pengetahuan yang baik terkait aplikasi mobile JKN menyebabkan seseorang tersebut akan menggunakan aplikasi mobile JKN untuk mempermudah proses pendaftaran.
Estrategias Pedagógicas que Favorecen la Educación Ambiental en el Entorno Escolar de los Estudiantes del Grado 1-3 de la Institución Educativa Municipal Técnico Industrial del Municipio de Pasto
Authors: Sotelo Cabrera Matilde Esperanza , Ortiz Bolaños Oscar Hernán , Revelo Cuaspud Herman Alberto 
Published: November 2024

El impacto ambiental global ha impulsado a las instituciones educativas a renovar sus enfoques para integrar hábitos y valores ambientales desde los primeros años escolares, haciendo del manejo de los residuos sólidos un tema crucial para fomentar la conciencia ecológica y mitigar la contaminación. En este contexto, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo implementar estrategias pedagógicas que favorezcan la educación ambiental en el entorno escolar, frente al manejo de residuos sólidos, en los estudiantes del grado 1-3 de la Institución Educativa Municipal Técnico Industrial del municipio de Pasto. Utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo, se recopilaron datos sobre la sensibilidad y el conocimiento de los 32 estudiantes del grado 1-3 mediante encuestas y observaciones, y se aplicó un diseño de investigación acción-participación que promovió la participación activa de los niños(as) en actividades adaptadas a su nivel escolar. A partir del diagnóstico se pudo evidenciar la falta de sensibilidad y conocimiento en los estudiantes sobre el manejo adecuado de residuos sólidos, lo que se reflejaba en una actitud indiferente hacia el cuidado del medio ambiente y una escasa conciencia de su entorno escolar. Para abordar esta situación, se implementaron estrategias pedagógicas como talleres de sensibilización, juegos de clasificación de residuos y actividades sobre las 3R del reciclaje. Estas estrategias resultaron efectivas al mejorar significativamente el conocimiento y la conciencia ambiental de los estudiantes, promoviendo actitudes positivas hacia el reciclaje y el cuidado del medio ambiente. Además, la creación de la guía pedagógica proporcionó un material didáctico valioso, facilitando el aprendizaje y la integración de prácticas de conservación en el entorno escolar. Se concluye, que las estrategias pedagógicas implementadas lograron involucrar activamente a los estudiantes, fortaleciendo sus conocimientos, hábitos y valores ambientales.
Microplastic accumulation in the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata serves as a bioindicator in the urban lowlands of Nakhon Pathom Province, central Thailand
Authors: Khamboonruang Pattrawan , Klorvuttimontara Srawut , Kanchanaketu Thiti , Prommi Taeng-On 
Published: November 2024

Bioindicators are useful for assessing pollution levels, bioavailability, and the ecological effects of pollutants. Several bioindicators have been proposed for monitoring microplastics (MPs) in the marine environment. There is no known bioindicator for MPs in freshwater. This was the first study to discover and quantify microplastic contamination in the golden apple snail Pomacea caaliculata and its surroundings in Nakhon Pathom Province, central Thailand's urban lowlands. The average MP concentration in snail of small, medium, and large sizes was 4.47 ± 3.37 items/individual, 3.40 ± 1.71 items/individual, and 9.21 ± 8.97 items/individual. Additionally, the snail egg mass had an average MP abundance of 3.03 ± 1.51 items/mass. The regression analysis revealed a significant variation in MP abundance between snail size and egg mass (p < 0.01). MPs in water and sediment had average concentrations of 5.0 ± 1.89 items/L and 140.67 ± 9.29 items/kg. Fibers accounted for 56–83% of particles in all snail sizes, while fragments made up 58% of the egg mass. Snail samples had microplastics ranging in size from <100 to >500 µm, with the most common size being <100 to 250 µm. The egg mass typically ranged in size from <100 to 250 µm. Blue and transparent particles made up more than 74% of all particles and were more prevalent than other colors. The most prevalent polymer was polyethylene terephthalate (PET), followed by polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE). Because microplastic contamination in the snail reflected the fluctuation of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems, we established the snail as a bioindicator of microplastic pollution in freshwater systems, particularly sediments.
A Hybrid U-Net Framework for Low-Dose CT Image Denoising: Leveraging EdgeNet+ for Structural Integrity and Image Quality
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Md Rais Helmi , Ullah Fasee , Alazemi Talal , Yousafzai Arsalaan Khan 
Published: November 2024

Computed Tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging modality widely used for the precise detection of abnormalities within the human body. However, the electromagnetic radiation generated during CT scans poses health risks, including metabolic disturbances and genetic mutations, which can increase cancer susceptibility. To mitigate these hazards, Low-Dose CT (LDCT) techniques were introduced, significantly reducing radiation exposure. However, LDCT compromises image quality by introducing increased noise, artifacts, reduced contrast and structural distortions, which can impair the accuracy and reliability of Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems. This study presents EdgeNet+, an advanced U-Net architecture with 21 convolutional layers and three skip connections, which facilitate the maintenance of high-quality structural details by allowing features from earlier layers to directly influence later stages. EdgeNet+ enhances performance by incorporating a multi-level edge detection block and a hybrid loss function. The edge detection block effectively captures edge features across various scales. The hybrid loss function combines Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and L1 losses, where SSIM promotes the preservation of image structures and perceptual quality, while L1 loss ensures accurate pixel-wise reconstruction. This combination enables EdgeNet+ to produce denoised images that are visually appealing and faithful to the original content, making it highly effective in enhancing detection accuracy. In the ablation study, the impact of each component of the EdgeNet+ model was systematically assessed, demonstrating a significant improvement in denoising performance. Comparative analysis reveals a noteworthy 45.12% increase in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), a 26.17% enhancement in SSIM and a remarkable 90.71% reduction in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) when juxtaposed with the LDCT image.
Compared to benchmark algorithms, the proposed approach demonstrates a marked improvement in noise reduction and artifact removal. Qualitative comparisons reveal a high similarity between the denoised CT images produced by EdgeNet+ and normal-dose CT images
Wild bees (Apoidea, Anthophila) of south-west France: more than 10 years of inventories in mosaic landscapes of "Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne" (ZA-PYGAR)
Authors: Ollivier Mélodie , Rivers-Moore Justine , Pichon Magalie , Andrieu Emilie , Carrié Romain , Rudelle Rémi , Sarthou Jean-Pierre , Ouin Annie 
Published: November 2024

The reported massive decline of arthropods and particularly of pollinators such as wild bees, in terms of abundance and richness, is a threat for crop production and wild plant biodiversity conservation. This decline is mainly explained by a combination of drivers at local- and landscape-scale related to intensive farming practices. Assessing the evolution of wild bee communities in agricultural ecosystems and their response to such practices is needed to address conservation purposes.
We provide here data for the 24,329 wild bee specimens held in the collection of DYNAFOR Lab (UMR 1201 INRAE, INP-ENSAT, EI PURPAN), located at INP-ENSAT (Toulouse, France). All bee specimens were collected from the long term socio-ecological research site, ZA-PYGAR, located in south-west France, for more than 10 years (2010 to 2022) within the framework of different research programmes conducted by the DYNAFOR Lab. At least 270 species, representative of the six wild bee families, were identified from this area. The identified specimens are considered reliable as identifications were performed or have been verified by community-recognised experts. In addition, ongoing DNA barcoding performed on certain specimens helped clarify questionable morphological characters and provided cross-validation of species identification.
Employment in Informal Sector of Russia: Unemployment and Other Socio-Economic Factors
Authors: Kiselev Sergey V. , Seitov Sanat K. , Samsonov Valery A. , Filimonov Ilya V. 
Published: November 2024

In Russia in 2023, 18.3% of the employed were engaged in the informal sector. As in many other countries, the informal economy is important for the social and economic situation of the population.
This paper aims to identify the impact of specific key factors, such as unemployment rate, wages, poverty level, number of formal sector actors, proportion of the rural population, on the proportion of the informally employed.
The Two-Stage Least Squares Method estimates allow to conclude that wages and the number of formal sector actors had a negative effect on the proportion of the informally employed in Russia in 2009–2021, while the unemployment rate had a positive effect. The paper shows a lack of statistical significance of the impact of the proportion of the rural population on the proportion of the informally employed.
Vocations tardives et individualisation de la vie monastique
Authors: Amiotte-Suchet Laurent 
Published: November 2024

Aujourd’hui, il est rare qu’un postulant soit admis au monastère avant l’âge de 25 ou 30 ans. Dans certains cas, la vocation est encore plus tardive, se manifestant après la quarantaine et l’expérience d’une première vie socioprofessionnelle. Formés et disposant d’une expérience de vie, les nouveaux postulants passent ensuite par la longue épreuve du noviciat pour parvenir à discerner l’authenticité de leur vocation. Pour les supérieurs, cette évolution du recrutement assure une meilleure garantie de durabilité, le choix de la vie religieuse ayant été plus longuement mûri avant la prise de l’habit.Mais la généralisation de vocations plus tardives a pour conséquence, entre autres, de favoriser une adaptation individualisée des règles communautaires, permettant à chacun de négocier avec son supérieur le niveau d’engagement au sein de la communauté qu’il entend consentir, en accord avec ses propres aspirations à la vie monastique. On découvre ainsi dans les monastères la mise en place de régimes d’exception à la règle, tenant compte des singularités de chacun.Cet article est issu d’une recherche ethnographique sur le vieillissement des communautés monastiques, en Suisse et en France, financée par le Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique (FNS).
School-based hearing screening of first-grade students in Saudi Arabia: A pilot study
Authors: Alothman Noura I. , Alanazi Ahmad A. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Hearing loss in children is a global concern. Early identification and intervention are critical for minimising the adverse effects of hearing loss. Despite the implementation of hearing screening programmes in Saudi Arabia, more research is needed on the audiological profiles of first-grade students.Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the audiological profile of first-grade students in Saudi Arabia and to raise awareness among parents, schools, and decision-makers about the need for hearing screening programs and the implementation of an effective monitoring and management system in the country.Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed the audiological profile of 308 first-grade students in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, using pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and tympanometry. Additionally, two questionnaire-based assessments, one for parents and one for the home teacher, were developed to predict students who failed PTA.Results: Among the students screened, 26.3% failed PTA. Tympanometry identified abnormal middle ear function in 30.5% of the students. The discrimination capacity of both questionnaires in identifying students who failed PTA screening was poor.Conclusion: A 26.3% prevalence rate of PTA screening failure, and a 30.5% of middle ear pathologies were noted. Both parent and teacher questionnaires were ineffective tools for identifying hearing loss among first-grade children who failed PTA screening.Contribution: This pilot study recommends that primary schools incorporate hearing screening as a regular practice of their preventative healthcare system. The study emphasises the importance of establishing international standards for school-based hearing screening to enhance its efficacy and develop more effective hearing screening questionnaires.
Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for rugby-related injuries: A survey of the Safari Sevens tournament
Authors: Onyancha John M. , Benita Olivier , Matheri Joseph M. , Karuguti Wallace M. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Rugby-related injuries are a leading cause of dropout from competitive sports, high insurance compensation, disability and socioeconomic marginalisation. The debilitating effect of these injuries on players may deny them the benefits associated with rugby and can lead to premature termination of a rugby career.Objectives: To determine the prevalence, incidence and risk factors for rugby-related injuries among male Safari Sevens rugby tournament players in Kenya.Method: Following ethical approval and clearance, this cross-sectional study was carried out among October 2021 teams of male players in the Safari Sevens rugby tournament. Players (n = 113) voluntarily completed Rugby International Consensus Group ‘injury report form’. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios were calculated.Results: A point prevalence of 47 (41.6%) respondents at pre-tournament was found. The tournament recorded 117.6 player-match hours with an incidence of 33 (29.2%) injuries occurring during competition. In contact phase of rugby match, ‘being tackled’ was associated with a higher number of injuries mostly in the lower limbs. Surface of the playing field was likely to expose a player to injury in pre-competition and during the tournament. Additionally, players who had recurrent previous injuries and oversize gear were more likely to be injured during the tournament.Conclusion: The study showed competition injury incidence similar to that reported in previous studies. Lower limb injuries were most prevalent, especially the ankle while ‘getting tackled’ during matches.Clinical implications: There is a need for an algorithm for injury risk assessment, knee and ankle control training protocol, and use of dynamic knee and ankle supports.
Application of Dorzagliatin in peritoneal dialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case report
Authors: Chen Fang , An Bo , An Wen-Cheng , Fu Gang , Huang Wei , Yan Hui-Xian 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Treating diabetes in dialysis patients remains a challenge, with many hypoglycemic drugs requiring dose adjustments or avoidance in these patients.
CASE SUMMARY
This report describes an 83-year-old female patient with a 30-year history of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who had struggled to control her blood sugar for more than a year. She had a history of high blood pressure for 30 years, had undergone continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for more than two years, was 163 cm tall, weighed 77 kg, and had a body mass index of 28.98 kg/m2. Despite intensive insulin therapy at a daily dose of 150 units, adding Dorzagliatin at a dosage of 75 mg orally twice daily led to immediate blood sugar improvement and a gradual reduction in insulin dosage. After one month of follow-up, the fasting plasma glucose was 6-8 mmol/L, and the 2-hour postprandial glucose was 8-12 mmol/L.
CONCLUSION
To our knowledge, this report is the first to use Dorzagliatin to treat type 2 diabetes peritoneal dialysis patients with challenging glucose control. Dorzagliatin, a novel glucokinase activator primarily metabolized by the liver, exhibits no pharmacokinetic differences among patients with varying degrees of chronic kidney disease. It has a high plasma protein binding rate and may not be cleared by peritoneal dialysis, potentially offering a new glycemic control option for Type 2 diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis.
Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of zinc(II) complexes with benzohydrazide derivative and phosphine ligands
Authors: M. Aziz Nazk , A. Irzoqi Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

New zinc(II) complexes of the mixed ligands were synthesized using a benzohydrazide derivative (L), yielded from reaction of benzohydrazide and isatin, in combination with (Phen) and various phosphine co-ligands, including 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane(dppe), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane (dppp), and triphenylphosphine (PPh3). Characterization methods included molar conductivity, atomic absorption, FTIR, and 1H, 13C{1H},31P{1H}-NMR spectroscopy, confirming tetrahedral geometry around zinc(II) with the ligand N'-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) benzohydrazide (L) acting as a bidentate chelating ligand. The thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of the papered complexes [Zn(L)(Phen)]Cl2, [Zn(L)(PPh3)]Cl2, and [Zn(L)(dppp)]Cl2 showed that each of them has been decomposed in three stages. The in vitro biological activities were evaluated against four types of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, along with cancer human liver (Hep-G2) cell lines, revealing that the complexes exhibited significant cytotoxicity. Notably, the [Zn(L)(Phen)]Cl2 complex showed the strongest inhibitory effect on human liver (Hep-G2) cells, with an IC50 of 31.12 ± 1.57 μM. Antibacterial tests indicated that [Zn(L)(Phen)]Cl2 and [Zn(L)(dppp)]Cl2 complexes effectively inhibited Streptococcus faecalis, and [Zn(L)(Phen)]Cl2 also had limited efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria. Structure-activity relationship studies highlighted that the choice of phosphine ligand significantly influences the biological properties of these zinc(II) complexes.
KEY WORDS: Antibacterial, Anticancer, Benzohydrazide derivative, Mixed ligands complexes, Phosphines, Spectroscopy
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 313-326.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.10