bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor Expression in the Mouse
Authors: Yusta Bernardo , Matthews Dianne , Koehler Jacqueline A , Pujadas Gemma , Kaur Kiran Deep , Drucker Daniel J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), secreted from enteroendocrine cells, attenuates gut motility, enhances barrier function, and augments nutrient absorption, actions mediated by a single GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R). Despite extensive analyses, the precise distribution and cellular localization of GLP-2R expression remains controversial, confounded by the lack of suitable GLP-2R antisera. Here, we reassessed murine Glp2r expression using regular and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), in situ hybridization (ISH), and a Glp2rLacZ reporter mouse. Glp2r mRNA expression was detected from the stomach to the rectum and most abundant in the jejunum. Glp2r transcripts were also detected in cerebral cortex, mesenteric lymph nodes, gallbladder, urinary bladder, and mesenteric fat. Surprisingly, Glp2r mRNA was found in testis by qPCR at levels similar to jejunum. However, the testis Glp2r transcripts, detected by different primer pairs and qPCR, lacked 5′ mRNA coding sequences, and only a minute proportion of them corresponded to full-length Glp2r mRNA. Within the gut, Glp2r-driven LacZ expression was localized to enteric neurons and lamina propria stromal cells, findings confirmed by ISH analysis of the endogenous Glp2r mRNA. Unexpectedly, vascular Glp2rLacZ expression was localized to mesenteric veins and not arteries. Moreover, mesenteric fat Glp2rLacZ expression was detected within blood vessels and not adipocytes. Reporter LacZ expression was not detected in all tissues expressing an endogenous Glp2r transcript, such as gallbladder, urinary bladder, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Collectively, these findings extend our understanding of the cellular domains of Glp2r expression and highlight limitations inherent in application of commonly used technologies to infer analysis of gene expression.
Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Papillary Microcarcinomas With Lateral Neck Lymph Node Metastases
Authors: Perera Dilmi , Ghossein Ronald , Camacho Niedzica , Senbabaoglu Yasin , Seshan Venkatraman , Li Juan , Bouvier Nancy , Boucai Laura , Viale Agnes , Socci Nicholas D , Untch Brian R , Gonen Mithat , Knauf Jeffrey , Fagin James A , Berger Michael , Tuttle R Michael 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Context
Most papillary microcarcinomas (PMCs) are indolent and subclinical. However, as many as 10% can present with clinically significant nodal metastases.

Objective and Design
Characterization of the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of PMCs presenting with or without clinically important lymph node metastases.

Subjects and Samples
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded PMC samples from 40 patients with lateral neck nodal metastases (pN1b) and 71 patients with PMC with documented absence of nodal disease (pN0).

Outcome Measures
To interrogate DNA alterations in 410 genes commonly mutated in cancer and test for differential gene expression using a custom NanoString panel of 248 genes selected primarily based on their association with tumor size and nodal disease in the papillary thyroid cancer TCGA project.

Results
The genomic landscapes of PMC with or without pN1b were similar. Mutations in TERT promoter (3%) and TP53 (1%) were exclusive to N1b cases. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differential expression of 43 genes in PMCs with pN1b compared with pN0. A random forest machine learning–based molecular classifier developed to predict regional lymph node metastasis demonstrated a negative predictive value of 0.98 and a positive predictive value of 0.72 at a prevalence of 10% pN1b disease.

Conclusions
The genomic landscape of tumors with pN1b and pN0 disease was similar, whereas 43 genes selected primarily by mining the TCGA RNAseq data were differentially expressed. This bioinformatics-driven approach to the development of a custom transcriptomic assay provides a basis for a molecular classifier for pN1b risk stratification in PMC.
Migrating cells control morphogenesis of substratum serving as track to promote directional movement of the collective
Authors: Macabenta Frank , Stathopoulos Angelike 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
In Drosophila embryos, caudal visceral mesoderm (CVM) cells undergo bilateral migration along the trunk visceral mesoderm (TVM) in order to form midgut muscles. Mutation of FGF receptor Heartless (Htl) has been shown to cause CVM migration defects, particularly midline crossing of the bilateral groups. Here, we show that htl mutants also exhibit TVM defects including contralateral merging. Both CVM mismigration and TVM contralateral merging are attenuated by restoring FGF signaling specifically in the CVM, suggesting that migrating CVM cells influence TVM morphogenesis; however, the inverse, supplying FGF to the TVM, does not rescue CVM mismigration. In addition, we show that FGF regulates integrin expression in both tissues, but only providing a source of integrin specifically to the TVM attenuates the contralateral merging phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that the CVM influences cell shape in the TVM, and a loss of CVM results in TVM morphological defects. In summary, this study provides insight into how a migrating collective of cells can influence their tissue substrate and supports the view that morphogenesis of tissues during development is interdependent.
Radioecological Monitoring of Agroecosystems in the NPP Vicinity: Methodology and Results of Investigations
Authors: Кузнецов В. , Kuznetsov V. , Санжарова Н. , Sanzharova N. , Панов А. , Panov A. , Исамов Н. , Isamov N. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Justification of the necessity to establish and maintain a system of radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems in the vicinity of nuclear power plants at all stages of the life cycle of a radiation-hazardous facility.
Material and methods: The paper presents methodological approaches (sanitary-hygienic and environmental) to radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems in the region of the NPP location. The tasks of the radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems are defined, and its organisation and management stages are highlighted. The article displays the features of the development of programs and regulations of radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems. The main objects of radioecological monitoring, parameters to be monitored, and also the frequency of monitoring observations are determined. The principles of locating the control points on the monitoring network are substantiated.
Results: The results of radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems in the impact zones of the Kursk and Rostov NPPs are presented. The approaches to the creation of a monitoring network, taking into account the peculiarities of the regions of the NPPs’ location (landscape, soil, economic), are demonstrated. It is shown that the contamination density of agricultural lands by 90Sr varies in the range of 0.47–1.74 kBq/m2, and by 137Cs – 2.7–9.7 kBq/m2 for Kursk NPP and, for Rostov NPP it is 0.36–2.57 kBq/m2 by 90Sr and 2.25–4.55 kBq/m2 by 137Cs. Over the entire period of monitoring observations, none of the samples of agricultural products appeared to have an excess of sanitary and hygienic standards for the content of radionuclides. Due to the consumption of food produced in 30-km observation zones, about 63 Bq/a of 90Sr and 195 Bq/a of 137Cs in the Kursk NPP observation zone and, respectively,133 and 184 Bq/a in the vicinity of Rostov NPP enter the diet of the local population, which is almost 400 times for 137Cs and 10–20 times for 90Sr below the annual ingestion limits respectively. Differences in the accumulation of radionuclides for the same crop in different years of observation come up to 1.5 times, due to the influence of soil and weather conditions, as well as different doses of ameliorants application.
Conclusion: The results of the radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems confirm that the operation of the Kursk and Rostov NPPs in normal mode does not lead to a deterioration of the radiation situation in the regions where they are located. Radiation doses on the local population do not exceed the established standard values. The system of radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems should be an integral component in the general system of radiation safety in the vicinities of NPPs and other radiation-hazardous facilities.
Comparison of 3 Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests and a Rapid Antigen Test with Culture for the Detection of Group A Streptococci from Throat Swabs
Authors: Parker Kyle G , Gandra Sumanth , Matushek Scott , Beavis Kathleen G , Tesic Vera , Charnot-Katsikas Angella 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration cleared 3 nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) assays for detection of Streptococcus pyogenes [group A Streptococcus (GAS)] in pharyngeal specimens. However, there are limited studies evaluating the performance of these NAAT assays.

Methods
We compared the results of 3 NAATs (cobas Liat, Luminex Aries, and Cepheid Xpert Xpress) and a rapid antigen assay (Quidel QuickVue in-line strep A) with the accepted gold standard method, bacterial culture.

Results
Sixty-eight throat swab specimens collected between August and October 2017 were tested. Compared to bacterial culture, the sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for detecting GAS were as follows: cobas Liat: 100%, 97.4%, 96.7%, and 100%; Cepheid Xpert: 100%, 97.4%, 96.7%, and 100%; Luminex Aries: 95.2%, 100%, 100%, and 95.5%. The Quidel QuickVue in-line strep A assay showed poor sensitivity, detecting only 5.2% of culture-positive specimens.

Conclusion
The 3 NAATs have high sensitivity when compared with bacterial culture for detection of GAS. With rapid turnaround time and ease of use, these tests can be considered as reliable point-of-care tests for the diagnosis of GAS, replacing the need for back-up culture.
Kinetic Approach Extends the Analytical Measurement Range and Corrects Antigen Excess in Homogeneous Turbidimetric Immunoassays
Authors: Zaydman Mark A , Brestoff Jonathan R , Logsdon Nicole , Gronowski Ann M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundHomogeneous turbidimetric immunoassays are widely used in the clinical laboratory and offer short assay times, reduced reagent costs, and the potential for full automation. However, these assays have a limited analytical measurement range (AMR) above which antigen excess leads to falsely low estimates of the analyte concentration (i.e., the hook effect). Traditional methods for correction of antigen excess require sample dilution, compromising time and cost-efficiency. Therefore, novel methods that extend the AMR are needed.MethodsA kinetic model of a generic homogeneous turbidimetric immunoassay was built and then parameterized using a genetic algorithm. Kinetic features that could be used to extend the AMR were identified and subsequently validated with clinical data from consecutive measurements of 2 homogeneous turbidimetric immunoassays: κ serum free light chain and rheumatoid factor.ResultsA novel kinetic parameter, the area under the curvature (AUCU), was derived that increases in proportion to the analyte concentration in a range beyond the AMR of conventional end point methods. When applied to clinical data, the AUCU method provided a log-linear calibration curve in the zone of antigen excess extending the AMR by &gt;10-fold for 2 different immunoassays.ConclusionsThe AUCU method detects and corrects antigen excess, extending the AMR in homogeneous turbidimetric immunoassays. The advantage of this method over conventional methods would be a reduction in the number of repeated samples, resulting in significant time and cost savings.
Public Health Experts, Expertise, and Ebola: A Relational Theory of Ethos
Authors: Condit Celeste M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The key public health officials in the United States have been criticized for their work in the Ebola outbreak of 2014–15 by citizens, public officials, and health scholars from multiple disciplines. There are numerous grounds for these complaints, but underlying many of them was the perception of “failed leadership” that is here traced in substantial part to the embodiment of a positionality based in a presumed logos-based power instead of an ethos-based relationship between public health expert and public. Because any leader’s public ethos is dependent on the cultural ethos of audiences who promote them to leadership, this essay combines the Aristotelian topoi for ethos (goodsense, goodwill, goodness) and contemporary redefinitions of ethos as cultural-level phenomena (either “dwelling places,” ideologies, or ethical and cultural codes) to conceptualize ethos as the activation, rebuilding, or maintenance of relationships among different social positions: publics and institutions. The complexities of the Ebola epidemic—with its national and international dimensions and its partially faulty scientific grounding—make visible the predisposition toward positional gaps between publics and public experts regarding interests (eunoia) and goods (arête), with concomitant difficulties for the sharing of practical wisdom (phronesis). Aristotle was correct that such gaps cannot be bridged by logos, and the pervasive insistence on more logos as corrective therefore may contribute to public mistrust of all expertise.
The Berlin International Film Festival: A powerful springboard and gatekeeping mechanism for domestic filmmaking
Authors: Wiedemann Thomas , Krainhöfer Tanja C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Film festivals have become key agents in the movie business, with major competitive festivals enjoying outstanding importance. Based on this assumption, this paper focuses on the example of Germany and asks to what extent the Berlin International Film Festival offers a venue for domestic films, and which types of filmmakers, in particular, benefit from this springboard and gatekeeping mechanism. More precisely, given the diverging interests confronting the Berlinale as a platform for the film community, a quantitative program analysis was conducted of the festival’s most significant sections (Competition, Panorama, Forum, Generation, Perspective German Cinema, Lola@Berlinale) from 1980 to 2016. The findings demonstrate that even good-faith efforts to strengthen domestic filmmaking in regard to weight and diversity have hardly changed the power structures that underlie the curatorial decision-making process. Respectively, the share of national film productions has been stagnating for many years. Moreover, female and young filmmakers are still broadly underrepresented.
Instead of the real thing: Six ways to talk about what Hollywood does to European films
Authors: Leitch Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis essay reviews five different ways in which commentators have described what Hollywood does in remaking European films which audiences frequently regard as having a uniquely intimate connection with their European subjects: Hollywoodizing, Americanizing, Europeanizing, appropriating, and reframing them. After considering the relations among these terms, the problems raised by each of them, and their respective limitations, it proposes a sixth term, scripting, which it argues is less parochial, invidious, or value-laden than any of the others, and more likely to invite further productive dialogue on the subject of remakes that cross cultural borders.
Random Polygons and Estimations of π
Authors: Xu Wen-Qing , Meng Linlin , Li Yong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study the approximation ofπthrough the semiperimeter or area of arandomn-sided polygon inscribed in a unit circle in ℝ2. We show that, with probability 1, the approximation error goes to 0 asn→ ∞, and is roughly sextupled when compared with the classical Archimedean approach of using a regularn-sided polygon. By combining both the semiperimeter and area of these random inscribed polygons, we also construct extrapolation improvements that can significantly speed up the convergence of these approximations.
CA125, YKL-40, HE-4 and Mesothelin: a new serum biomarker combination in discrimination of benign and malign epithelial ovarian tumor
Authors: Deveci Banu , Sert Serdar Belgin , Karabacakoğlu Kemik Pınar , Şimşek Keskin Hatice , Yildirim Nuri , Özdemir Necmettin , Erkmen Tuğba , Koyuncuoğlu Meral , Terek Mustafa Coşan , Saygili Uğur , Koçtürk Semra 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) and Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) score are used for classification of ovarian masses (benign/malign) in preoperative stage. However, their discrimination capacity are considered insufficient, and greatly effected by histological subtype and menopausal status. This study aimed to investigate diagnostic performance of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Y (tyrosine), K (lysine), and L (leucine)-40 (YKL-40), Mesothelin, Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor ß (LyGDI), CA125 or their combinations in discrimination of benign/malign ovarian diseases in preoperative stage.

Materials and methods
The study groups were comprised sera of 31 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), 30 benign ovarian tumor patients, and 32 healthy women. The diagnostic performance of the biomarkers were evaluated based on ROC-AUC values and logistic regression analysis incorporating menopausal status and clinical diagnosis of the subjects.

Results
Our data demonstrates that “CA125-HE4-Mesothelin-YKL-40” had the highest sensitivity at 80%, 90%, 95% specificity 96.8%, 93.6%, 93.6%, respectively.

Conclusion
This study provides the first evidence for the combinational uses of “CA125-HE4-Mesothelin-YKL-40” as a panel in distinguishing malign from benign ovarian tumor, not affected by menopausal status unlike ROMA. However, higher patient number may also provide the evaluation of this panel in malign group in terms of tumor stages.
Prevalence of hypoglycaemia in a random population after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass after a meal test
Authors: Emous Marloes , van den Broek Merel , Wijma Ragnhild B , de Heide Loek J M , van Dijk Gertjan , Laskewitz Anke , Totté Erik , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H R , van Beek André P 
Published: June 2019

Objective
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective way to induce sustainable weight loss and can be complicated by postprandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (PHH). To study the prevalence and the mechanisms behind the occurrence of hypoglycaemia after a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) in patients with primary RYGB.

Design
This is a cross-sectional study of patients 4 years after primary RYGB.

Methods
From a total population of 550 patients, a random sample of 44 patients completed the total test procedures. A standardized mixed meal was used as stimulus. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline, every 10 min during the first half hour and every 30 min until 210 min after the start. Symptoms were assessed by questionnaires. Hypoglycaemia is defined as a blood glucose level below 3.3 mmol/L.

Results
The prevalence of postprandial hypoglycaemia was 48% and was asymptomatic in all patients. Development of hypoglycaemia was more frequent in patients with lower weight at surgery (P = 0.045), with higher weight loss after surgery (P = 0.011), and with higher insulin sensitivity calculated by the homeostasis model assessment indexes (HOMA2-IR, P = 0.014) and enhanced beta cell function (insulinogenic index at 20 min, P = 0.001).

Conclusion
In a randomly selected population 4 years after primary RYGB surgery, 48% of patients developed a hypoglycaemic event during an MMTT without symptoms, suggesting the presence of hypoglycaemia unawareness in these patients. The findings in this study suggest that the pathophysiology of PHH is multifactorial.
Familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus in 13 kindreds and 2 novel mutations in the vasopressin gene
Authors: Patti Giuseppa , Scianguetta Saverio , Roberti Domenico , Di Mascio Alberto , Balsamo Antonio , Brugnara Milena , Cappa Marco , Casale Maddalena , Cavarzere Paolo , Cipriani Sarah , Corbetta Sabrina , Gaudino Rossella , Iughetti Lorenzo , Martini Lucia , Napoli Flavia , Peri Alessandro , Salerno Maria Carolina , Salerno Roberto , Passeri Elena , Maghnie Mohamad , Perrotta Silverio , Di Iorgi Natascia 
Published: June 2019

Background
Autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (adNDI) is caused by arginine vasopressin (AVP) deficiency resulting from mutations in the AVP-NPII gene encoding the AVP preprohormone.

Aim
To describe the clinical and molecular features of Italian unrelated families with central diabetes insipidus.

Patients and methods
We analyzed AVP-NPII gene in 13 families in whom diabetes insipidus appeared to be segregating.

Results
Twenty-two patients were found to carry a pathogenic AVP-NPII gene mutation. Two novel c.173 G>C (p.Cys58Ser) and c.215 C>A (p.Ala72Glu) missense mutations and additional eight different mutations previously described were identified; nine were missense and one non-sense mutation. Most mutations (eight out of ten) occurred in the region encoding for the NPII moiety; two mutations were detected in exon 1. No mutations were found in exon 3. Median age of onset was 32.5 months with a variability within the same mutation (3 to 360 months). No clear genotype–phenotype correlation has been observed, except for the c.55 G>A (p.Ala19Thr) mutation, which led to a later onset of disease (median age 120 months). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the absence of posterior pituitary hyperintensity in 8 out of 15 subjects, hypointense signal in 4 and normal signal in 2. Follow-up MRI showed the disappearance of the posterior pituitary hyperintensity after 6 years in one case.

Conclusion
adNDI is a progressive disease with a variable age of onset. Molecular diagnosis and counseling should be provided to avoid unnecessary investigations and to ensure an early and adequate treatment.
Molecular Traits of Long Non-protein Coding RNAs from Diverse Plant Species Show Little Evidence of Phylogenetic Relationships
Authors: Simopoulos Caitlin M A , Weretilnyk Elizabeth A , Golding G Brian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a diverse class of regulatory loci with roles in development and stress responses throughout all kingdoms of life. LncRNAs, however, remain under-studied in plants compared to animal systems. To address this deficiency, we applied a machine learning prediction tool, Classifying RNA by Ensemble Machine learning Algorithm (CREMA), to analyze RNAseq data from 11 plant species chosen to represent a wide range of evolutionary histories. Transcript sequences of all expressed and/or annotated loci from plants grown in unstressed (control) conditions were assembled and input into CREMA for comparative analyses. On average, 6.4% of the plant transcripts were identified by CREMA as encoding lncRNAs. Gene annotation associated with the transcripts showed that up to 99% of all predicted lncRNAs for Solanum tuberosum and Amborella trichopoda were missing from their reference annotations whereas the reference annotation for the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains 96% of all predicted lncRNAs for this species. Thus a reliance on reference annotations for use in lncRNA research in less well-studied plants can be impeded by the near absence of annotations associated with these regulatory transcripts. Moreover, our work using phylogenetic signal analyses suggests that molecular traits of plant lncRNAs display different evolutionary patterns than all other transcripts in plants and have molecular traits that do not follow a classic evolutionary pattern. Specifically, GC content was the only tested trait of lncRNAs with consistently significant and high phylogenetic signal, contrary to high signal in all tested molecular traits for the other transcripts in our tested plant species.