bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Synthesis of Polycyclic Phosphonium Salts as Efficient Anticancer and Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Li Jianqing , Zhuang Zeyan , Dong Xiaobin , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPhosphorus‐containing functional materials have diverse applications in optoelectronics and bioscience owing to their unique properties. However, polycyclic π‐conjugated phosphonium salts have been rarely explored due to their complex synthesis. In this work, a facile and efficient method for constructing polycyclic π‐conjugated phosphonium salts (TBPIMe derivatives) is proposed, based on the photocyclization of phosphindolium salts (TPPIMe derivatives). Systematic experimental and theoretical investigations reveal the changed photophysical and photochemical properties when TPPIMe derivatives are converted to TBPIMe derivatives. Notably, the novel polycyclic π‐conjugated phosphonium salt p‐MOTBPIMe exhibits improved reactive oxygen species generation ability and much stronger specific affinity toward DNA than phosphindolium salts p‐MOTPPIMe. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrate that p‐MOTPPIMe can also be efficiently converted into p‐MOTBPIMe under 405 nm laser irradiation in living cells, accompanied by the migration from cytoplasm to nucleus to enhance the photodynamic effect. Additionally, p‐MOTBPIMe shows superior antibacterial activity against not only Gram‐positive drug‐resistant bacteria but also fungi, by leveraging both dark and light cytotoxicity. This work opens up a new chemical toolkit for novel polycyclic π‐conjugated phosphonium salts, which are promising for developing advanced theranostic agents with satisfactory accuracy and efficacy.
Do large language models “understand” their knowledge?
Authors: Venkatasubramanian Venkat 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) are often criticized for lacking true “understanding” and the ability to “reason” with their knowledge, being seen merely as autocomplete engines. I suggest that this assessment might be missing a nuanced insight. LLMs do develop a kind of empirical “understanding” that is “geometry”‐like, which is adequate for many applications. However, this “geometric” understanding, built from incomplete and noisy data, makes them unreliable, difficult to generalize, and lacking in inference capabilities and explanations. To overcome these limitations, LLMs should be integrated with an “algebraic” representation of knowledge that includes symbolic AI elements used in expert systems. This integration aims to create large knowledge models (LKMs) grounded in first principles that can reason and explain, mimicking human expert capabilities. Furthermore, we need a conceptual breakthrough, such as the transformation from Newtonian mechanics to statistical mechanics, to create a new science of LLMs.
Somatic Symptoms Are Associated With Elevated Blood Pressure and Epstein–Barr Virus Antibodies Among Shuar of the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Tallman Paula S. , Seligman Rebecca A. , Madimenos Felicia C. , Liebert Melissa A. , Cepon‐Robins Tara J. , Snodgrass J. Josh , McDade Thomas W. , Sugiyama Lawrence S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study tests the hypothesis that self‐reported somatic symptoms are associated with biomarkers of stress, including elevated blood pressure and suppressed immune function, among Shuar adults living in the Ecuadorian Amazon.MethodsResearch was conducted in three Shuar communities in the Upano Valley of the Ecuadorian Amazon and included the collection of biomarkers and a structured morbidity interview. Participants self‐reported somatic symptoms such as headaches, body pain, fatigue, and other bodily symptoms. We examined whether the number of somatic symptoms reported was associated with measures of immune (Epstein–Barr virus [EBV] antibodies) and cardiovascular (blood pressure) functioning in 97 Shuar adults (37 women, 60 men; ages 18–65 years). Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationships among somatic symptoms and stress biomarkers, controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), active infection, level of education, and income.ResultsControlling for relevant covariates, Shuar adults reporting the highest level of somatic symptoms (three symptoms) were more likely to exhibit elevated systolic (β = 0.20, p = 0.04) and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.23, p = 0.03), in comparison to adults reporting no symptoms. Shuar adults reporting two symptoms, compared to no symptoms, were more likely to exhibit elevated EBV antibody concentrations (β = 0.34, p = < 0.01).ConclusionsThese preliminary findings demonstrate that somatic symptoms reported by Shuar men and women are associated with physiological measures widely associated with chronic psychosocial stress. These findings complement the cross‐cultural literature in medical anthropology documenting the close connection between the expression of somatic symptoms and stressful life circumstances and highlight the important role that human biologists can play in exploring biocultural phenomena.
Dr. Peter Emil Becker and the Third Reich: Correspondence
Authors: Becker Tilman 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPeter Emil Becker was a German neurologist who is remembered for his studies of muscular dystrophies. Becker muscular dystrophy and Becker myotonia are named after him. His biography appeared in the American Journal of Medical Genetics in 1985. Later, an article by Frank Hill in the same journal was focusing on the role of Becker in the Third Reich. The article by Hill makes conjectures about the involvement of Becker in the T4 Euthanasia Program based on an incorrect interpretation of literature references and by artificially constructing connections of Becker to this program. This needs to be corrected. The “Nazi Past” of Becker was investigated very thoroughly in an article in the Journal of Child Neurology. Peter Emil Becker had no leading positions in Nazi organizations nor was he involved in Nazi crimes. He did not praise the leader state, like other researchers in his field did. A thorough inspection of his work shows that he was avoiding national socialistic topics such as racial biology and eugenics. But to further his academic career, however, he became a member of Nazi organizations.
In Silico Molecular Docking and In Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel 2‐(4‐(3‐(4‐formylphenoxy)propyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐N‐Phenylacetamides
Authors: Al‐Salehi Mohammed A. , Rajani Dhanji P. , Patel Hitendra M. , Trivedi Jignesh H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA series of new 2‐(4‐(3‐(4‐formylphenoxy)propyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐N‐phenylacetamides was successfully designed and synthesized via the click reaction. The alkyne agent 4‐(pent‐4‐yn‐1‐yloxy) benzaldehyde was prepared from 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and 5‐chloropent‐1‐yne. Meanwhile, the 2‐azido‐N‐phenylacetamides were obtained by the azidation of 2‐chloro‐N‐phenylacetamides which were formed from aromatic amine and chloroacetyl chloride. The novel compounds were characterized by FT‐IR, 1H/13C NMR, HRMS, MS, and elemental analysis, and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii, Carbapenem resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium and Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains, as well as Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger fungal strains. Some of the compounds revealed significant potential activity compared to the reference drugs. Compound 4 h showed the highest activity (MIC=133 μM, 106 μM, 133 μM, 106 μM) against Ac. Baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), respectively, as antibacterial and against Candida albicans (MIC=534 μM) and Aspergillus niger (MIC=1,068 μM) as antifungal. Using in silico molecular docking and ADMET studies, the compounds with the highest potential activity were examined. The results showed strong receptor site binding affinity and indicated promising antimicrobial potential.
ADNI Biomarker Core: A review of progress since 2004 and future challenges
Authors: Shaw Leslie M. , Korecka Magdalena , Lee Edward B. , Cousins Katheryn A Q , Vanderstichele Hugo , Schindler Suzanne E. , Tosun Duygu , DeMarco Mari L. , Brylska Magdalena , Wan Yang , Burnham Samantha , Sciulli Alexandria , Vulaj Amberley , Tropea Thomas F. , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Wolk David A. ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe describe the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Biomarker Core major activities from October 2004 to March 2024, including biobanking ADNI cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and serum biofluid samples, biofluid analyses for Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in the Biomarker Core and various non‐ADNI laboratories, and continuous assessments of pre‐analytics.RESULTSValidated immunoassay and mass spectrometry‐based assays were performed in CSF with a shift to plasma, a more accessible biofluid, as qualified assays became available. Performance comparisons across different CSF and plasma AD biomarker measurement platforms have enriched substantially the ADNI participant database enabling method performance determinations for AD pathology detection and longitudinal assessments of disease progression.DISCUSSIONClose collaboration with academic and industrial partners in the validation and implementation of AD biomarkers for early detection of disease pathology in treatment trials and ultimately in clinical practice is a key factor for the success of the work done in the Biomarker Core.Highlights
Describe ADNI Biomarker Core biobanking and sample distribution from 2007 to 2024.
Discuss validated mass spectrometry and immunoassay methods for ADNI biofluid analyses.
Review collaborations with academic and industrial partners to detect AD and progression.
Discuss major challenges, and progress to date, for co‐pathology detection.
Implementation in the ATN scheme: co‐pathology and modeling disease progression.
Coordination‐Driven Crosslinking Electrolytes for Fast Lithium‐Ion Conduction and Solid‐State Battery Applications
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Xue , Guan De‐Hui , Ma Xin‐Yue , Yuan Xin‐Yuan , Zhu Qing‐Yao , Deng Hao‐Tian , Wang Huan‐Feng , Xu Ji‐Jing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRechargeable batteries paired with lithium (Li) metal anodes are considered to be promising high‐energy storage systems. However, the use of highly reactive Li metal and the formation of Li dendrites during battery operation would cause safety concerns, especially with the employment of highly flammable liquid electrolytes. Herein, a general strategy by engineering coordination‐driven crosslinking networks is proposed to achieve high‐performance solid polymer electrolytes. Through the coordination of metal‐organic polyhedra (MOPs) with cellulose‐based copolymers, the Li+‐conducted hypercrosslinked MOP (CHMOP‐Li) polymer network is capable of enabling the rapid transport of Li+. In addition to the high Li+ conductivity (1.02×10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C), CHMOP‐Li electrolyte also exhibits a high Li+ transference number (0.75) and a wide electrochemical stability window. Benefiting from the thermally stable and mechanically strong CHMOP‐Li electrolyte film, the short‐circuiting of the symmetric batteries is prevented even after 3200 h of cycling and a high specific energy of 300 Wh kg−1 is achieved for the Li‐metal battery. The solid‐state Li−O2 batteries fabricated with CHMOP‐Li electrolyte also show good cycling performance (500 cycles) and high discharge capacity (15740 mAh g−1). The proposed coordination‐driven crosslinking strategies offer an alternative route to design high‐performance next‐generation sustainable battery chemistries.
Small‐Molecule Benzo‐Phenoselenazine Derivatives for Multi‐Subcellular Biomolecule Profiling
Authors: Jia Han , Han Jinghua , Qi Yajing , Liu Jie , Ting Leung Yuen , Tung Yau Hei , Chu Yuanyuan , Wang Tong , Fung Yi‐Man Eva , Wang Yi , Li Ying 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElucidating the subcellular localization of RNAs and proteins is fundamental to understanding their biological functions. Genetically encoded proteins/enzymes provide an attractive approach to target many proteins of interest, but are limited to specific cell lines. Although small‐molecule‐based methods have been explored, a comprehensive system for profiling multiple locations in living cells, comparable to fusion‐protein techniques, is yet to be established. In this study, we introduce a novel proximity labeling strategy employing a suite of small molecules derived from benzo‐phenoselenazine (e.g., selenium‐containing Nile Blue [SeNB]), which achieves proximity labeling through singlet oxygen generation upon near‐infrared light activation in the presence of propargylamine. These SeNB compounds allow for selective labeling of RNAs and proteins within living cells, exhibiting a distinct preference for organelle membranes, which are systematically investigated via in vitro, computational, and in cellulo examinations. Our findings highlight the capabilities of SeNB derivatives as wash‐free and genetics‐free approaches to illuminate the subcellular localization of biological molecules with deep penetration and high spatial resolution. Moreover, SeNB derivatives are capable of elucidating inter‐organelle interactions at the molecular level, as evidenced by proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, thus holding significant potential for advancing our understanding of cellular processes related to disease progression and therapeutic development.
Imidazolium‐Quaternized Poly(2,6‐Dimethyl‐1,4‐Phenylene Oxide)/Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐67 (ImPPOZIF‐67) Composite Membranes for Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Letsau Thabakgolo T. , Mabuchi Takuya , Msomi Phumlani F. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA membrane is the powerhouse of a fuel cell, and it is responsible for transport of ions from anode to cathode, thereby producing electricity in the process. In this work, a series of anion exchange membranes based on imidazolium‐quaternized poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (ImPPO) functionalized with different wt.% of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67(ZIF‐67) (1%, 3%, and 5%) were fabricated and evaluated for application in methanol fuel cells. The AEMs had a contact angle in the range of 59.6°–74.6°, water uptake in the range of 29.4%–69.7% at 25°C, 31.2%–79.5% at 60°C, and 51.6%–86.5% at 80°C. Ion exchange capacity (IEC) ranges from 0.66 mmol/g to 1.12 mmol/g, and ion conductivity (IC) from 1.39 mS/cm to 3.11 mS/cm. The best‐performing membrane, ImPPO3%ZIF‐67, shows IEC of 1.12 mmol/g, IC of 3.11 mS/cm, a slight conductivity loss of 35.4% after 120 h in 2 M KOH, and a peak power density of 196.8 mW/cm2.
Wet‐Spun Alginate Monofilaments Reinforced With Cellulose Nanocrystals Obtained From Cotton Waste
Authors: Kreutzfeld Victor , da Silva Lucas S. , Valle Rita de Cassia S. C. , Bierhalz Andrea C. K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe textile industry generates large amounts of cotton waste, which poses an environmental problem regarding disposal. This study aimed to extract cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from cotton waste for application as a reinforcing agent in alginate (ALG) monofilaments produced by wet spinning. The impact of the type of waste (bleached or dyed) and CNCs content (1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) on the properties of nanocomposite filaments was examined. Results showed that rod‐like shape CNCs, stable suspensions, and high yields (> 80%) were obtained from both wastes. The presence of dye did not affect the thermal behavior or the crystallinity index (CrI) of the CNCs, which was 87%. Analysis of the morphology revealed that the addition of CNCs increased the irregularities of the filaments' microstructure. Filaments with dyed CNCs presented better mechanical properties than those from bleached waste, with optimal results at 5% CNCs. At this content, the tensile strength reached 166.7 MPa, and Young's modulus was 6.04 GPa, representing an increase of over 400% compared to pure ALG filament. In conclusion, this study suggests that intrinsically colored and resistant ALG–CNC filaments can be developed from cotton waste without needing pre‐treatment, contributing to the textile sector's sustainability.
Fluorinated Polyimide/CaCu3Ti4O12 Composite Films With High Energy Density for High‐Temperature Dielectric Capacitor
Authors: Liu Man , Shi Chuandong , Qin Hongmei , Xiong Chuanxi , Yang Quanling 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe demand for dielectric capacitor materials has significantly increased, owing to the need for highly efficient operation at elevated temperatures amidst the rapid advancements in modern electronics. In this contest, fluorinated polyimide (FPI)/CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) composite films have been successfully fabricated through a straightforward blending approach. The modified CCTO (mCCTO) is prepared by first hydroxylation CCTO and subsequently by grafting KH550 onto its surface, a strategy aimed at enhancing the interfacial compatibility with FPI. The synergistic effect of the high dielectric constant and good dispersibility of CCTO inorganic fillers underscores the significant role of filler dispersibility in enhancing the high‐temperature capacitive performance of polymer composite materials. The dielectric constant of FPI‐mCCTO composite films containing 9 wt.% mCCTO reached 8.5 at 150°C, more than double that of pure FPI (3.0). Furthermore, the FPI‐0.09‐mCCTO composite films exhibited the highest discharge energy density of 4.92 J·cm−3 at 355 MV·m−1. This facile approach provided a viable strategy for fabricating high‐temperature dielectric materials for electrical energy storage.
Evolution of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) Materials and their Impact on Display Technology
Authors: Banerjee Shrestha , Singh Piyush , Purkayastha Pradipta , Kumar Ghosh Sujit 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have revolutionized display and lighting technologies, offering unparalleled design, device flexibility, vibrant colors, and energy efficiency. In this comprehensive review we elucidate the evolution of OLED technology, summarizing its progression from the fundamental principles of fluorescence (1st generation) and phosphorescence (2nd generation) to the emergence of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) (3rd generation), hyper fluorescence (4th generation), and exceptional future generation OLEDs. This review highlights the development and challenges of early‐generation OLEDs, scrutinizing their mechanisms, emitters, and limitations. As TADF OLEDs mark a significant paradigm shift, we explore their enhanced efficiency and potential for cost‐effective production without the involvement of toxic heavy metals. Building upon this foundation this review explores the burgeoning concepts of hyper‐fluorescence and future‐generation OLEDs, poised to push the boundaries of color purity, efficiency, and operational stability. This consolidated comprehensive exploration described herein may provide enormous information for designing future‐generation OLED materials for sustainable development.
A Problem‐Solving Tool for Single‐Case Design Selection in Practice
Authors: Colombo Richard A. , Wallace Michele 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSingle‐case designs can rule out confounding variables with a variety of procedures which can be tailored to various contexts; thus, giving a practitioner the confidence in decision‐making. Currently, some decision‐making tools exist to help users with research questions; however, these tools may be less suited for the practice setting. This study aimed to develop and describe a problem‐solving tool to assist clinicians in selecting SCDs in practice. After receiving survey results indicating the tool's potential utility, the tool was developed with input from subject matter experts and then evaluated in a preliminary study with six participants. All participants—either junior‐status behavior analysts or graduate students in a behavior analytic program—reported feeling more confident in their selections and noted that the tool and table helped them consider additional factors relevant to the practice context. The implications of this tool within a supervisory model are discussed.
One Person, Two Identities: The Problem of Legal Gender Recognition of a Transgender Person in Europe
Authors: Rzewuski Maciej 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe legal recognition of the gender status of transgender people in Europe (and indeed worldwide) is undoubtedly a complex and multifaceted issue, which has prompted academics and legal practitioners to raise numerous scientific questions and seek answers thereto. The gravity of this issue is heightened by the fact that the daily functioning of a transgender person in society as a person of registered (assigned at birth) sex that is incongruent with their self‐perception exposes them to constant and conspicuous distress (the so‐called gender dysphoria), often manifested in various forms of discrimination. The role of every European state should be to eliminate, or at least minimize, such distress and the risk of discrimination. One of the ways to attain these specified objectives may very well be the eponymous procedure of legal gender recognition for transgender people. This article was conceived with the perspective of human rights in mind. Consequently, its primary assertion is that the aim of every proceeding (be it judicial or administrative) concerning gender recognition is the realization of comprehensive protection of rights and freedoms for a transgender person. An additional aim of the present article is to attempt to facilitate the task of judges who adjudicate cases involving gender recognition, officials who process applications for changes in civil status records, and attorneys who represent transgender people in matters pertaining to changing a person's name and gender marker on identity documents.
The Role of Objective Financial Situation and Psychological Outlook in the Relationship Between Personal Life Shocks and Financial Well‐Being
Authors: Bell Jordan , Jurgenson Jesse , Warmath Dee 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTExisting research examines the relationship between personal life shocks and financial well‐being primarily through the lens of objective markers of the individual's financial situation (e.g., liquidity). Little attention has been paid to the relative roles of these objective markers and more intuitive or affect‐based factors in how an individual makes sense of their financial situation post‐shock. Using longitudinal data from 1745 Australian adults, we take a dual‐process perspective to examine the roles of objective financial situation and psychological outlook as explanations for the association between the experience of a personal life shock and change in the current and future dimensions of financial well‐being. We found that the experience of a personal life shock (i.e., job loss, health emergency, occurrence of any personal shock) is associated with a decrease in present and future financial well‐being. Objective financial situation significantly mediated the association for present and future financial well‐being, while psychological outlook significantly mediated the association only for future financial well‐being. These findings suggest that an individual relies primarily on analytical, deliberative thought, especially when making sense of their situation, for their sense of current money management stress. For expected future financial security, they are more likely to use dual‐process thought, although analytical, deliberative thought plays a larger role than intuitive, affect‐based thought. These results suggest that the typical individual relies on relevant information (i.e., objective facts) in assessing their financial well‐being, an inherently subjective assessment. However, more intuitive considerations (i.e., psychological outlook) play a role when the individual attempts to anticipate their future state.