bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allograft Use Results in Higher Re-revision Rate for Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Nissen Kåre Amtoft , Eysturoy Niclas Højgaard , Nielsen Torsten Grønbech , Lind Martin 
Published: June 2018

Background: The literature on revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) outcomes is generally sparse, but previous studies have demonstrated that autograft use results in improved sports function and patient-reported outcome measures compared with allograft. However, knowledge is still lacking regarding the impact of graft type on rates of re-revision. Purpose: To investigate the clinical outcomes and failure rates of revision ACLRs performed with either allograft or autograft. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A search of the Danish Knee Ligament Reconstruction Registry identified 1619 revision ACLRs: 1315 were autograft procedures and 221 were allograft procedures (type of graft was not identified for 83 procedures). Clinical outcomes after 1 year were reported via the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the Tegner activity score, and an objective knee stability measurement that determined side-to-side differences in instrumented sagittal knee laxity. Failure was determined as re-revision. Outcomes for revision were provided for the full life of the registry, up to 10 years. Results: The re-revision rate was significantly higher for allograft compared with autograft (12.7% vs 5.4%; P < .001), leading to a hazard ratio for re-revision of 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4-3.4) for allografts compared with autografts when corrected for age. At 1-year follow-up, objective knee stability was significantly different (2.1 ± 2.1 mm for allograft vs 1.7 ± 1.8 mm for autograft; P = .01), and the KOOS subscale scores for symptoms, pain, activities of daily living, sports, and quality of life were 67, 76, 84, 49, and 46 for allograft and 67, 78, 84, 51, and 48 for autograft, respectively, with no difference between groups. Conclusion: In this observational population-based study, the ALCR re-revision rate was 2.2 times greater for allograft compared with autograft procedures. Allograft was associated with greater knee laxity at 1-year follow-up. However, subjective clinical outcomes and knee function were not inferior for allograft patients. These results indicate that autograft is a better graft choice for revision ALCR.
Bullet impacts and built heritage damage 1640–1939
Authors: Mol L. , Gomez-Heras M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Conflict damage to heritage has been thrust into the global spotlight during recent conflict in the Middle East. While the use of social media has heightened and enhanced public awareness of this ‘cultural terrorism’, the occurrence of this type of vandalism is not new. In fact, as this study demonstrates, evidence of the active targeting of sites, as well as collateral damage when heritage is caught in crossfire, is widely visible around Europe and further afield. Using a variety of case studies ranging from the 1640s to the 1930s, we illustrate and quantify the changing impact of ballistics on heritage buildings as weaponry and ammunition have increased in both energy and energy density potential. In the first instance, this study highlights the increasing threats to heritage in conflict areas. Second, it argues for the pressing need to quantify and map damage to the stonework in order to respond to these challenges.
Melanopsin (Opn4) utilizes Gαi and Gβγ as major signal transducers
Authors: Kankanamge Dinesh , Ratnayake Kasun , Samaradivakara Saroopa , Karunarathne Ajith 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Melanopsin (Opn4), a ubiquitously expressed photoreceptor in all classes of vertebrates, is crucial for both visual and non-visual signaling. Opn4 supports visual functions of the eye by sensing radiance levels and discriminating contrast and brightness. Non-image-forming functions of Opn4 not only regulate circadian behavior, but also control growth and development processes of the retina. It is unclear how a single photoreceptor could govern such a diverse range of physiological functions; a role in genetic hardwiring could be one explanation, but molecular and mechanistic evidence is lacking. In addition to its role in canonical Gq pathway activation, here we demonstrate that Opn4 efficiently activates Gi heterotrimers and signals through the G protein βγ. Compared with the low levels of Gi pathway activation observed for several Gq-coupled receptors, the robust Gαi and Gβγ signaling of Opn4 led to both generation of PIP3 and directional migration of RAW264.7 macrophages. We propose that the ability of Opn4 to signal through Gαi and Gβγ subunits is a major contributor to its functional diversity.
Common signalling pathways in macrophage and osteoclast multinucleation
Authors: Pereira Marie , Petretto Enrico , Gordon Siamon , Bassett J. H. Duncan , Williams Graham R. , Behmoaras Jacques 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Macrophage cell fusion and multinucleation are fundamental processes in the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in chronic inflammatory disease and osteoclasts in the regulation of bone mass. However, this basic cell phenomenon is poorly understood despite its pathophysiological relevance. Granulomas containing multinucleated giant cells are seen in a wide variety of complex inflammatory disorders, as well as in infectious diseases. Dysregulation of osteoclastic bone resorption underlies the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and malignant osteolytic bone disease. Recent reports have shown that the formation of multinucleated giant cells and osteoclast fusion display a common molecular signature, suggesting shared genetic determinants. In this Review, we describe the background of cell–cell fusion and the similar origin of macrophages and osteoclasts. We specifically focus on the common pathways involved in osteoclast and MGC fusion. We also highlight potential approaches that could help to unravel the core mechanisms underlying bone and granulomatous disorders in humans.
The environmental impact of the Copper industry in the Fani River Valley (Repsi "Hot spot") Mirdita, Albania
Authors: Daci A. , Kaza G. , Deda T. , Hoti S. 
Published: June 2018

For more than 40 years, full cycle Copper industry has exercised its activity in central Mirdita, as one of the priorities for the economic development of this zone. Copper deposits have been discovered in many parts of the territory of central Mirdita, whereas the main activity of the mining and processing industry is located in the Fan iriver valley. The interruption of industrial activity after the years '90, could not stop the negative environmental impact. The presence of dumps in Fani river banks (as in Repsi, Rresheni and Rubiku) and numerous mining works· (addits) in Spaçi and Kodër Spaçi slopes, from which many acid waters drain, including also the natural leaching of surface outcrops of mineralized zones, make up a serious danger to the biodiversity of this area. Several recommendations to reduce the environmental impact of the tailings and copper ores in the dumps in Fani river valley are given in this paper
Investigation of gut microbiome association with inflammatory bowel disease and depression: a machine learning approach
Authors: Morell Miranda Pedro , Bertolini Francesca , Kadarmideen Haja N. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic diseases related to inflammatory processes in the digestive tract generally associated with an immune response to an altered gut microbiome in genetically predisposed subjects. For years, both researchers and clinicians have been reporting increased rates of anxiety and depression disorders in IBD, and these disorders have also been linked to an altered microbiome. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of comorbidity are poorly understood at the gut microbiome level. Methods: Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data were retrieved from the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Multi-Omics Database. Samples from 70 individuals that had answered to a self-reported depression and anxiety questionnaire were selected and classified by their IBD diagnosis and their questionnaire results, creating six different groups. The cross-validation random forest algorithm was used in 90% of the individuals (training set) to retain the most important species involved in discriminating the samples without losing predictive power. The validation set that represented the remaining 10% of the samples equally distributed across the six groups was used to train a random forest using only the species selected in order to evaluate their predictive power. Results: A total of 24 species were identified as the most informative in discriminating the 6 groups. Several of these species were frequently described in dysbiosis cases, such as species from the genus Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Despite the different compositions among the groups, no common patterns were found between samples classified as depressed. However, distinct taxonomic profiles within patients of IBD depending on their depression status were detected. Conclusions: The machine learning approach is a promising approach for investigating the role of microbiome in IBD and depression. Abundance and functional changes in these species suggest that depression should be considered as a factor in future research on IBD.
Breakfast Skipping and overweight/obesity among European adolescents, a cross-sectional analysis of the HELENA dataset: a DEDIPAC study.
Authors: Barrett Nora , Riordan Fiona , Michels Nathalie , Frost Andersen Lene , vant Veer Pieter , Moreno Luis A. , Widhalm Kurt , Manios Yannis , Gottrand Frederic , Santaliestra-Pasías Alba M. , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Censi Laura , de Henauw Stefaan , Kersting Mathilde , Harrington Janas M. 
Published: June 2018

Background: The aim was to examine demographic and dietary factors associated with breakfast skipping, and the relationship of breakfast skipping with overweight/obesity among adolescents across Europe. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study (n=3528) conducted in ten European cities: Athens (Greece), Dortmund (Germany), Ghent (Belgium), Herkalion (Greece), Lille (France), Pecs (Hungary), Rome (Italy), Vienna (Austria), Stockholm (Sweden) and Zaragoza (Spain) were used. Analysis was carried out using a sub-sample of adolescents (n=1894) aged 12.5-17.49 years with data on breakfast skipping and two days of 24-Hour Diet Recall data. As 24-Hour Recall data was not available from Pecs (Hungary) this city was excluded. Using responses from the Food Choices and Preferences Questionnaire adolescents were classified as breakfast skippers or non-breakfast skippers. All analyses were stratified by sex. Differences in the intake of macronutrients, both overall and when breakfast was excluded, and key foods were compared between skippers and non-skippers using Wilcoxen Rank Sum test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between breakfast skipping and overweight/obesity. Results: Overall, 44% of females were skippers compared to 36% of males. Among both male and female estimated mean fibre intake and median fruit intake were significantly lower among skippers compared to non-skippers. Male skippers were significantly more likely than non-skippers to be overweight/obese [AOR = 2.34, 95% CI, 1.40-3.90] but this was not observed among females [AOR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.59-1.34]. Conclusions: Different patterns of daily macronutrient intake were observed among adolescents who skip and do not skip breakfast. In males, breakfast skipping was associated with increased odds of being overweight/obese. Gender may play a key part in breakfast skipping behaviours. These results present an opportunity to identify and target adolescents who may be at risk of a poorer nutritional profile or overweight/obesity.
Biogeography and relationships within the Melanthera alliance: A pan­tropical lineage (Compositae: Heliantheae: Ecliptinae)
Authors: Edwards Robert D. , Cantley Jason T. , Chau Marian M. , Keeley Sterling C. , Funk Vicki A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe taxonomic history of the Melanthera alliance is long and convoluted with many generic name changes and requires a robust phylogeny to clarify taxonomic concepts within the group and to begin asking questions of its evolutionary history. For a time, prevailing classifications placed all species in the genus Melanthera except for a handful of tetraploids from the Hawaiian Islands being recognized as a distinct genus: Lipochaeta. Recent morphological revision has reopened debate by proposing six genera: Apowollastonia, Echinocephalum, Lipotriche, and Melanthera, and two Pacific Island genera representing diploids (Wollastonia) and tetraploids (Lipochaeta), plus four closely related genera expected to fall outside the alliance (Acunniana, Indocypraea, Lipoblepharis, Quadribractea). Here, we present the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny to date of the taxa variously associated with Melanthera in order to test these competing generic limits and explore the biogeographic history of this pan­tropical lineage. The data are consistent with six segregate genera, including the sinking of Hawaiian Islands members of Wollastonia (Melanthera) back into a broader concept of Lipochaeta, although there is currently no recognized morphological synapomorphy to distinguish Lipochaeta s.l. from Wollastonia. Our results suggest that the Melanthera alliance originated some time during the Pliocene or Pleistocene and a strong contemporary presence of the alliance and closely related Ecliptinae outgroups in the Americas suggests that this region may have been the center of origin with subsequent dispersal. We illustrate the difficulty of reconstructing the dispersal history of the remaining genera and present the most parsimonious colonization hypotheses.
Post-traumatic stress disorder among patients waiting for cardiac surgery
Authors: Kokoszka Andrzej , Bohaterewicz Bartosz , Jeleńska Karolina , Matuszewska Agata , Szymański Piotr 
Published: June 2018

Aim of the studyThe study aims at a preliminary assessment of the occurrence of PTSD among patients awaiting major heart surgery and the assessment off the reliability of the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R).Subject or material and methods100 consecutive patients scheduled to non-emergency cardiac surgery were screened using a brief list of PTSD symptoms. Those who responded affirmatively, were ask to fill in the IES-R and then underwent structured Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and a clinical assessment according to the DSM-5 criteria.ResultsFourteen of fifteen patients who completed the IES-R obtained results indicating a possibility of PTSD. Five of them refused to undergo a psychiatric examination. Four of nine patients whose IES-R scores indicated PTSD, met its criteria according to MINI. and DSM-5. One PTSD case was related to cardiological problems.DiscussionThe results of the present study do not support the hypothesis that heart disease is a stressor causing PTSD in patients awaiting cardiac surgery. Moreover, the results impair the conclusions suggesting high rate of PTSD occurrence among some populations of cardiological patients, in research conducted with self-rating scales. The results of the presented study demonstrate that clinical psychiatric examination is necessary to properly confirm a PTSD diagnosis.ConclusionsThe prevalence of PTSD (4%) in the study group was higher than in the general population in Poland, but the heart related stressor was found only in one case (1%), that is equal with the rate of PTSD. The reliability of IES-R is low due to a large number of false-positives.
How Do Firms Appropriate Value from Employees with Transferable Skills? A Study of the Appropriation Puzzle in Actively Managed Mutual Funds
Authors: Sevcenko Victoria , Ethiraj Sendil 
Published: June 2018

How do firms benefit from employees with transferable skills? The prevailing view is that labor market frictions that impede employee mobility or strategies that constrain skill transferability are the primary instruments for firms to appropriate value from human capital. The empirical evidence, however, suggests that employees continue to be mobile, and firms pay premiums to attract and retain employees with transferable skills. To reconcile theory with data, we use data from the mutual fund industry, where it is widely documented that active fund managers appropriate more value than they generate. We develop a theory of positive externalities stemming from transferable human capital that we argue accrue mostly to the firm, and provide evidence of such externalities in the mutual fund context. Empirically, we decompose the skills of mutual fund managers into task- and firm-specific components and argue that managers with task-specific skills generate positive externalities at the firm level that are not reflected in their performance measured at the fund level. We advance and test empirical hypotheses on the existence of these positive unmeasured externalities by examining whether managers with task-specific skills are more likely to be associated with activities such as mentoring, increased risk taking, and generating spillovers at the firm level. Our results show that managers with task-specific skills are indeed associated with greater positive externalities, compared with managers with firm-specific skills. We discuss the implications of our results for the literature on human capital value creation and appropriation.The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1197 .
Essential Diagnostics for the Use of World Health Organization Essential Medicines
Authors: Schroeder Lee F , Guarner Jeannette , Amukele Timothy K 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There are numerous barriers to achieving high-quality laboratory diagnostic testing in resource-limited countries. These include inconsistent supply chains, variable quality of diagnostic devices, lack of human and financial resources, the ever-growing list of available tests, and a historical reliance on syndromic treatment algorithms. A list of essential diagnostics based on an accepted standard like the WHO Essential Medicines List (EML) could coordinate stakeholders in the strengthening of laboratory capacity globally.

METHODS
To aid in the creation of an essential diagnostics list (EDL), we identified laboratory test indications from expert databases for the safe and effective use of WHO EML medicines. In all, 446 EML medicines were included in the study. We identified 279 conditions targeted by these medicines, spanning communicable and noncommunicable diseases (e.g., HIV, diabetes mellitus).

RESULTS
We found 325 unique diagnostic tests, across 2717 indications, associated with the identified conditions or their associated medicines. The indications were divided into 10 categories: toxicity (865), diagnosis (591), monitoring (379), dosing/safety (325), complications (217), pathophysiology (154), differential diagnosis (97), comorbidities (53), drug-susceptibility testing (22), and companion diagnostic testing (14). We also created a sublist of 74 higher-priority tests to help define the core of the EDL.

CONCLUSIONS
An EDL such as we describe here could align the global health community to solve the problems impeding equitable access to high-quality diagnostic testing in support of the global health agenda.
Convergence through conflict: A case study of a US Spanish-language publication’s efforts to grow a national audience
Authors: Hickerson Andrea 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Drawing on literature related to convergence and conflict in diaspora, this manuscript describes how one long-standing, immigrant, regional Spanish-language newspaper in the United States responded to economic pressures by employing the highly contested topic of immigration to build a larger, more diasporic audience. A comparative analysis of two weeks’ worth of print content and content published on its Facebook page, its primary digital platform, found a larger proportion of immigration stories online than in print. Furthermore, although immigration was the third most frequent subject of online news stories, behind crime and entertainment stories, immigration stories were the most popular stories as evidenced by audience ‘likes’ and ‘shares’. These results lend support to the idea that so-called ‘ethnic entrepreneurs’ can refocus and redirect diasporic audiences around new conflicts in countries of residence.
Mediating identity: The West African diaspora, conflict and communication
Authors: Silverman Jon 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Migration raises many existential problems, not least, questions of identity. Over time, migrants settle and form a diaspora in a new land but does dislocation from their geographical ‘home’ inevitably subvert their sense of self? Can representation through the diasporic media mitigate this loss? The African Union considers the diaspora the sixth region of Africa and the news media helps foster amongst exiles an ‘imagined diaspora’ (Anderson), connecting them to their country of origin. In the social media age, this ‘diaspora of the Internet’ (Tettey) can be seen at work, often acting as a mirror for division and disharmony in the country of origin. Taking a case study approach of three countries in West Africa and interpreting conflict in its broadest senses, this article seeks to examine the ways in which the news-related media of the West African diaspora has influenced understandings of identity.
The negative effects of hair dyes on human health<p>Saç boyalarının insan sağlığı üzerine olumsuz etkileri
Authors: Doğanel Aksoy Gizem , Karaman Dilek , Pulat İmamoğlu Öznur , Yılmaz Dilek 
Published: June 2018

In modern societies, groomed hair plays an important role in increasing people's confidence by changing their appearance. People have well-maintained and healthy hair and the hair style has a positive effect on the environment they are in. For this reason, hair dyes used by the whole society, especially women, are routinely and unconsciously used regardless of negative effects on human health. In this article; aiming to increase the awareness of the society by explaining the negative effects of hair dyes. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetModern toplumlarda, insanların dış görünümlerinin değişerek kendilerine olan güvenlerinin artmasında, bakımlı saçlar önemli rol oynar. İnsanların bakımlı ve sağlıklı saçların olması ve saç stili onlara bulundukları ortamlarda olumlu bir etki bırakır. Bu nedenle özellikle kadınlar olmak üzere tüm toplum tarafından kullanılan saç boyaları, insan sağlığı üzerine olumsuz etkilerine bakılmaksızın rutin olarak, bilinçsizce kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalede; saç boyalarının olumsuz etkileri açıklanarak, toplumun farkındalığının artırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Mytacism in Latin grammarians
Authors: Zago Anna 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper focuses on the different definitions of the so-called mytacism in Latin grammarians (from the early imperial period to twelth-century treatises), starting from an assessment of the textual basis of their statements. Mytacism is a vitium orationis which affects the phonetic realization of the final group vowel + [m] when followed by another vowel; mytacism also raises various phonetic and rhetorical issues such as weakening of the sound [m], nasalization of the preceding vowel, elision and hiatus. Two competing theories in modern scholarship (weak nasal consonant versus nasalized vowel) try to explain the pronunciation of the final group vowel+[m] followed by another vowel; however, ancient grammar does not possess a theoretical and terminological framework stringent enough to give an accurate phonetic description of this sound. Finally, the paper argues that mytacism is a linguistic mistake associated with the ancient perception of word boundary; its varying definitions allow us to recognize at least an elementary “phonological awareness” in ancient grammatical doctrines.