bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population analysis reveals genetic structure of an invasive agricultural thrips pest related to invasion of greenhouses and suitable climatic space
Authors: Cao Li‐Jun , Gao Yong‐Fu , Gong Ya‐Jun , Chen Jin‐Cui , Chen Min , Hoffmann Ary , Wei Shu‐Jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiological invasions of pests into climatically unsuitable areas can be facilitated by human‐regulated environments, in which case there may be an impact on genetic structure through population processes and/or adaptation. Here, we investigated the population genetic structure of an invasive agricultural pest, Thrips palmi, in China, which has expanded its distribution range through using greenhouses. Early invaded populations showed a relatively higher level of genetic diversity than recently expanded greenhouse populations. Strong population genetic structure corresponded to a pattern of isolation by distance, with no recent gene flow and low historical gene flow among populations, reflecting limited ongoing dispersal. A genetic signature of population expansion was detected in early invaded populations and three northern populations from greenhouses, suggesting that the greenhouse environments facilitated expansion of this species. Redundancy analysis showed that the independent effects of environment and geography could explain 51.68% and 32.06% of the genetic variance, respectively. These findings point to climate‐ and greenhouse‐related spatial expansion, with the potential for adaptation by T. palmi. They emphasize the contribution of human‐regulated environments on the successes of this invasive species, a situation likely to apply to other invasive species that use greenhouse environments.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal a genetic cline across the north‐east Atlantic and enable powerful population assignment in the European lobster
Authors: Jenkins Tom L. , Ellis Charlie D. , Triantafyllidis Alexandros , Stevens Jamie R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResolving stock structure is crucial for fisheries conservation to ensure that the spatial implementation of management is commensurate with that of biological population units. To address this in the economically important European lobster (Homarus gammarus), genetic structure was explored across the species' range using a small panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously isolated from restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing; these SNPs were selected to maximize differentiation at a range of both broad and fine scales. After quality control and filtering, 1,278 lobsters from 38 sampling sites were genotyped at 79 SNPs. The results revealed a pronounced phylogeographic break between the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins, while structure within the Mediterranean was also apparent, partitioned between lobsters from the central Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea. In addition, a genetic cline across the north‐east Atlantic was revealed using both putatively neutral and outlier SNPs, but the precise driver(s) of this clinal pattern—isolation by distance, secondary contact, selection across an environmental gradient, or a combination of these factors—remains undetermined. Putatively neutral markers differentiated lobsters from Oosterschelde, an estuary on the Dutch coast, a finding likely explained by past bottlenecks and limited gene flow with adjacent North Sea populations. Building on the findings of our spatial genetic analysis, we were able to test the accuracy of assigning lobsters at various spatial scales, including to basin of origin (Atlantic or Mediterranean), region of origin and sampling location. The predictive model assembled using 79 SNPs correctly assigned 99.7% of lobsters not used to build the model to their basin of origin, but accuracy decreased to region of origin and again to sampling location. These results are of direct relevance to managers of lobster fisheries and hatcheries, and provide the basis for a genetic tool for tracing the origin of European lobsters in the food supply chain.
Cutaneous extramedullary haematopoiesis: Implications in human disease and treatment
Authors: Khalil Shadi , Ariel Gru Alejandro , Saavedra Arturo P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe skin and bone marrow are two of the most dynamic organ systems of the human body. While the skin is only transiently involved in haematopoiesis in utero, cutaneous extramedullary haematopoiesis (CEMH) has been appreciated in various neonatal and adult diseases. The mechanism by which CEMH occurs remains poorly understood, but may be associated with the plasticity of blood and skin tissues. Extensive studies have documented expansion and differentiation of haematopoietic lineages from cutaneous tissues and vice versa. This review will discuss CEMH, potential mechanisms and laboratory findings that shed light on the interaction between both tissues. Further, we will discuss the implications of understanding the role of the skin in haematopoiesis, including the potential therapeutic function of manipulating either organ system in the treatment of pathologic processes in the other.
Impact of pulsed electric field pretreatment on yield and quality of lipid extracted from cephalothorax of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by ultrasound‐assisted process
Authors: Gulzar Saqib , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: July 2019

SummaryPacific white shrimp cephalothorax was subjected to pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment at different electric field strengths (4, 8, 12 and 16 kV cm−1) and pulse numbers (120, 160, 200 and 240) to enhance the extraction yield of lipids. PEF‐treated samples were subsequently subjected to lipid extraction using ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) process at ultrasound amplitude of 80% for 25 min in continuous mode. PEF‐pretreated samples subjected to UAE rendered the highest lipid yield (30.34 g 100 g−1 solids). PEF pretreatment resulted in reduced lipid oxidation as evidenced by the decreases in peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Lipids from PEF‐pretreated samples extracted using UAE had higher content of PUFAs and carotenoids, including astaxanthin, astaxanthin monoester, astaxanthin diester, canthaxanthin and β‐carotene. Overall, PEF pretreatment helped in enhancing the extraction yield of lipids and carotenoids from shrimp cephalothorax and reduce lipid oxidation to some extent.
Immunobiology of chimeric antigen receptor T cells and novel designs
Authors: Walsh Zachary , Yang Yinmeng , Kohler M. Eric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdvances in the development of immunotherapies have offered exciting new options for the treatment of malignant diseases that are refractory to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies. The adoptive transfer of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has demonstrated dramatic results in clinical trials and highlights the promise of novel immune‐based approaches to the treatment of cancer. As experience with CAR T cells has expanded with longer follow‐up and to a broader range of diseases, new obstacles have been identified which limit the potential lifelong benefits of CAR T cell therapy. These obstacles highlight not only the gaps in knowledge of the optimal clinical application of this “living drug”, but also gaps in our understanding of the fundamental biology of CAR T cells themselves. In this review, we discuss the obstacles facing CAR T cell therapy, how these relate to our current understanding of CAR T cell biology and approaches to enhance the clinical efficacy of this therapy.
Parental factors predicting unnecessary ambulance use for their child with acute illness: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ueki Shingo , Komai Kazuyo , Ohashi Kazutomo , Fujita Yuichi , Kitao Mika , Fujiwara Chieko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo examine characteristics of parents of children with acute, albeit mild, illnesses who used ambulance transport unnecessarily.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsFrom 2016 ‐ 2017, we recruited parents who visited the emergency room of a Japanese paediatric hospital and whose children were discharged without hospitalization. Participants whose children arrived by ambulance were classified as using ambulance services unnecessarily. Participants answered a questionnaire consisting of parents’ characteristics, including health literacy scales and the Parents’ Uncertainty regarding their Children with Acute Illness Scale. We conducted a receiver operating characteristic analysis to convert the Parents’ Uncertainty regarding their Children with Acute Illness Scale results to binary scores. We analysed questionnaire responses using logistic regression analysis.ResultsAnalysed data were from 171 participants. The cut‐off score was 59 for the Parents’ Uncertainty regarding their Children with Acute Illness Scale. Results of the logistic regression indicated that parents who did not use resources to obtain information regarding their child's illness, had low health literacy, were observing presenting symptoms for the first time in their child, or had high uncertainty, were significantly more likely to unnecessarily use ambulances.ConclusionPublicizing available resources regarding child health information, social healthcare activities to raise parents’ health literacy and providing explanations in accordance with parents’ uncertainty, especially when confronting new symptoms in their child, might reduce unnecessary ambulance use.ImpactOf patients transported to hospitals by ambulance, the rate of paediatric parents with mild conditions has been found to be high. The study findings could contribute to the appropriateness of using ambulances and have implications for policymakers and healthcare providers, particularly in the Japanese paediatric emergency system. In particular, parental uncertainty, one of four significant characteristics, could be resolved in clinical settings. Generalization for global health services requires further research.
The effects and cost‐effectiveness of an empowerment‐based self‐care programme in patients with chronic heart failure: A study protocol
Authors: Yu Doris S. F. , Li Polly W. C. , Yue Sunny C. S. , Wong John , Yan Bryan , Tsang Kin Keung , Choi Kai Chow 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThis study aims to evaluate the effects of a 12‐week empowerment‐based self‐care programme on the cognitive, psychological and behavioural aspects of self‐care, health‐related quality of life and unplanned hospital service use of chronic heart failure patients and to estimate its cost‐effectiveness in reducing unplanned service use.Study designRandomized controlled trial with cost‐effectiveness analysis.MethodsThe study will recruit 236 community‐dwelling Chinese patients with chronic heart failure from regional hospitals in Hong Kong. Patients will be randomized in blocks to attend either the 12‐week empowerment‐based self‐care programme or a didactic education programme. Central to the empowerment‐based model is that the patients are the primary decision makers in self‐care and act autonomously to manage the disease. Collaborative approach and interactive teaching strategies are used to optimize patients' engagement and knowledge translation to real‐life practice. Outcome evaluation on self‐care maintenance and management, symptom perception, self‐care confidence, self‐care knowledge, health‐related quality of life and health service use will take place at baseline, on completion of the programme and at 12 weeks thereafter. Generalized estimating equations and Cox regression examine the intervention effects. Bootstrapping technique will be conducted to examine the cost‐effectiveness of the intervention. The study is formally funded in December 2016.DiscussionChronic heart failure is associated with high level of hospital admissions, of which 40% is avoidable through effective self‐care. Although self‐care confidence is known to improve self‐care, no structured educative method has been developed to enhance this attribute. This study addresses this research gap with a stringent application of theory and research design.ImpactThe study illustrates the application of the empowerment model for self‐care enhancement in patients with chronic heart failure. The findings will inform the ways and values of this care model to enhance the disease management of this expanding clinical cohort.
Therapeutic effect of early intensive antihypertensive treatment on rebleeding and perihematomal edema in acute intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zang Yanjing , Zhang Chenhao , Song Qin , Zhang Jing , Li Hongxuan , Zhang Chunliang , Feng Shanshan , Gu Fang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo observe the effect of early intensive blood pressure (BP)–lowering treatment on rebleeding and perihematomal edema (PE) in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A total of 121 patients with ICH were randomly assigned to an early intensive antihypertensive treatment group (IG) (n = 62) or control group (CG) (n = 59). For both groups, 25 mg of urapidil injection was slowly administered intravenously in 6 hours of the onset. For the IG, 100 mg of urapidil and 30 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride were then slowly administered. Repeat computed tomography imaging was performed at 24 hours, 72 hours, day 7, and day 14 to detect any rebleeding via changes in hematoma volume and the changes in PE. Finally, NIHSS scores and Barthel Index (BI) were calculated at 24 hours, 72 hours, day 7, day 14, day 30, and day 90. The average hematoma volume in IG patients was significantly smaller than that of CG patients after 24 hours (P < .05). The volume of PE in the CG increased more than in the IG within 24 hours of onset, but was not statistically significant (P > .05); however, this trend was statistically significant after 72 hours (P < .05). On day 30 and day 90, the average NIHSS score of IG patients was lower than that of CG patients, and the BI was higher (P < .05) than that of CG patients. There was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups. Early intensive antihypertensive treatment in ICH patients reduces rebleeding and PE, improving short‐term quality of life.
Relationship between 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure in the adult population in Shandong, China
Authors: Han Weizhong , Wang Wei , Sun Ningling , Li Min , Chen Lianghua , Jiang Shiliang , Chen Yunchao , Han Xiao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to determine baseline salt intake levels in a sample of the adult population of Shandong province and to establish the relationship between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure. A total of 512 participants were recruited, and all the participants provided complete 24‐hour urine collections. Physical assessment and socioeconomic status of participants were collected at the same time. The mean 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion of all subjects was 228.0 ± 127.5 mmol/24 hours. Estimated salt intake was higher in obese subjects (17.6 ± 8.8 g/d) compared with overweight subjects (15.6 ± 8.0 g/d) and those with a normal BMI (13.9 ± 6.8 g/d). Likewise, urinary sodium excretion of hypertensive participants was dramatically higher than that of non‐hypertensive ones, the equivalent of 18.2 ± 9.1 g/d vs 13.3 ± 6.8 g/d. Urinary sodium was significantly associated with SBP (β = 1.08, P = .018) after adjustment for potential confounders. In summary, we found significantly high levels of salt intake in Shandong Province, particularly in obese and hypertension subjects. It is quite important to improve public education about reducing salt intake to control blood pressure among Shandong people.
Coronally advanced flap and envelope type of flap plus acellular dermal matrix graft for the treatment of thin phenotype multiple recession defects. A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ahmedbeyli Cavid , Dirikan Ipçi Sebnem , Cakar Gokser , Yılmaz Selcuk , Chambrone Leandro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the aesthetical and clinical outcomes of acellular dermal matrix graft (ADMG) plus coronally advanced flap (CAF) with vertical incisions or the envelope flap in the treatment of thin phenotype, multiple‐recession defects.Material and MethodsTwenty‐two participants with 55 class recession type 1 (RT1) with a depth of ≥3 mm were investigated. Control group was treated with ADMG plus conventional CAF with vertical releasing incisions, whereas test group received the envelope flap with ADMG. Primary outcome variables were complete root coverage (CRC), root coverage aesthetic score and patient satisfaction.ResultsTooth‐based CRC was observed in 23 of the 28 recession defects in mCAF + ADMG group (82.1%), whereas in 19 of the 27 recession defects in CAF + ADMG group (70.37%), with no inter‐group difference (p > .05). CRC was observed in 9 of the 11 patients in mCAF + ADMG group (81.8%). On the other hand, in CAF + ADMG group, CRC was achieved in 8 of the 11 patients (72.7%). Results were similar between the groups (p > .05).ConclusionsBoth techniques were successful in the management of multiple recessions; however, superior results regarding patient's satisfaction were achieved with mCAF + ADMG.
Albumin for cirrhotic patients with extraperitoneal infections: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Leão Gabriel Stefani , John Neto Guilherme , Jotz Raquel de Freitas , Mattos Angelo Alves de , Mattos Ângelo Zambam de 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimBacterial infections are among the main causes of death in patients with cirrhosis. While there are unquestionable benefits of using albumin in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, the benefits of albumin are controversial for those with extraperitoneal infections. The aim was to compare the use of albumin associated to antibiotics and antibiotics alone in cirrhotic patients with extraperitoneal infections.MethodsA systematic review was performed using MEDLINE and Embase databases. Randomized controlled trials comparing albumin associated to antibiotics and antibiotics alone in cirrhotic patients with extraperitoneal infections were considered eligible, as long as at least one of the following outcomes was evaluated: mortality and renal dysfunction. Meta‐analysis was performed using the random effects model, through the Mantel–Haenszel method. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO platform (CRD42018107191).ResultsThe literature search yielded 812 references. Three randomized controlled trials fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in this meta‐analysis. There was no evidence of significant difference between the groups regarding mortality in 30 days (risk ratio [RR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92–2.84, P = 0.09, I2 = 0%) or in 90 days (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.89–1.83, P = 0.19, I2 = 0%). Regarding renal dysfunction, there was also no evidence of significant difference between the groups (RR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.25–1.19, P = 0.13, I2 = 0%).ConclusionThere is no evidence of significant benefits of using albumin for cirrhotic patients with extraperitoneal infections regarding mortality or renal dysfunction.
Epidemiological profile of young patients with squamous cell carcinoma in northeast Brazil
Authors: Borba Ribeiro Karen Rayssa , Lira Júnior Cledinaldo , Marinho Sandra Aparecida , de Carvalho Sérgio Henrique Gonçalves , Agripino Gustavo Gomes , Sarmento Dmitry José de Santana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to delineate the epidemiological profile of young patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated at a healthcare service in northeastern Brazil.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed involving the quantitative analysis of 51 medical records from patients diagnosed with SCC between 1998 and 2013. All patients aged ≤50 years were included in the study. Statistical analysis involved Pearson's χ2‐test, Fisher's exact test, and the Mann‐Whitney U‐test, with the level of significance set at 5% (P < .05).ResultsThe mean age was 46 ± 7.94 years, and males accounted for 80.4% of the sample. The tongue was the most affected site (37.3%). Most tumors were classified as stage III (26.3%) or IV (42.1%). Surgery associated with chemotherapy was the most common therapeutic approach (39.3%). Female patients had a lower mean age (P = .013) and less advanced clinical staging (P = .022). Smoking was more associated with male sex (P = .043).ConclusionSCC in young patients is more common in males aged 46 ± 7.94 years, with the tongue being the most affected anatomic site. Important differences were found in clinical‐epidemiological features between young men and women.
Topical insulin‐liposomal formulation in management of recurrent aphthous ulcers: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: El‐Wakeel Naglaa M. , Morsi Nadia M. , Ghorab Dalia M. , Yassin Ghada E. , Dawoud Marwa H. S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of topical insulin‐liposomal gel in aphthous ulcer treatment.Methods80 participants with minor aphthous ulcers were randomly divided to receive either topical insulin‐liposomal gel or placebo gel (once daily) for 6 days. Assessment of outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) for pain (primary outcome), and secondary outcomes included ulcer duration and impact of treatment on quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP‐14). Testing of the outcomes was carried out at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 days after treatment for VAS and at 6 days for OHIP‐14.ResultsFor pain scores, the test group showed a significant decrease by time, this was evident from day 1 (P < .001); at day 3, median and interquartile range (IQR) values were 0 (0‐1). For the placebo group, a non‐significant change by time was reported between baseline and day 1; at day 3, the median value was 7 (IQR, 7‐9). The test group showed significantly lower mean duration than the placebo group (P < .001). OHIP‐14 scores after 6 days showed that the test group had a significantly lower score than placebo (P < .001).ConclusionsTopical insulin‐liposomal formulation showed marked effectiveness in management of aphthous ulcers.
A molecular toolbox for studying protein degradation in mammalian cells
Authors: Eldeeb Mohamed A. , Siva‐Piragasam Ramanaguru , Ragheb Mohamed A. , Esmaili Mansoore , Salla Mohamed , Fahlman Richard P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProtein degradation is a crucial regulatory process in maintaining cellular proteostasis. The selective degradation of intracellular proteins controls diverse cellular and biochemical processes in all kingdoms of life. Targeted protein degradation is implicated in controlling the levels of regulatory proteins as well as eliminating misfolded and any otherwise abnormal proteins. Deregulation of protein degradation is concomitant with the progression of various neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Thus, methods of measuring metabolic half‐lives of proteins greatly influence our understanding of the diverse functions of proteins in mammalian cells including neuronal cells. Historically, protein degradation rates have been studied via exploiting methods that estimate overall protein degradation or focus on few individual proteins. Notably, with the recent technical advances and developments in proteomic and imaging techniques, it is now possible to measure degradation rates of a large repertoire of defined proteins and analyze the degradation profile in a detailed spatio‐temporal manner, with the aim of determining proteome‐wide protein stabilities upon different physiological conditions. Herein, we discuss some of the classical and novel methods for determining protein degradation rates highlighting the crucial role of some state of art approaches in deciphering the global impact of dynamic nature of targeted degradation of cellular proteins.
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This article is part of the Special Issue “Proteomics”