bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
University students’ perceptions of their abilities relate to their entrepreneurial intent
Authors: Räty Hannu , Komulainen Katri , Hytti Ulla , Kasanen Kati , Siivonen Päivi , Kozlinska Inna 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent Finnish university students endorse entrepreneurial intent and the ways in which they position themselves in relation to entrepreneurship according to their self-perceived abilities or “ability self”.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted by means of an e-survey, and the participants comprised the sample of students (n=1,819) from two Finnish universities, representing diverse fields of study.FindingsIt was found that a great majority of the students showed a relatively low intent to become an entrepreneur. The perception of abilities, such as innovativeness and ambitiousness-competitiveness, was positively related with entrepreneurial intent, whereas the perception of academic abilities and “conventional” employee skills indicated inverse associations.Social implicationsThe findings suggest that in terms of self-perceived abilities, entrepreneurship in an academic context is perceived as a rather restricted category to which only a few specific individuals have access. Accordingly, there is a certain tension between the tenets of entrepreneurship and corresponding abilities, and the ethos of universities and related high-valued abilities such as theoreticality and criticality.Originality/valueAlthough employability and entrepreneur intent have been widely studied, little is known about students’ identification with entrepreneurship according to their ability perceptions. The present study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on university students’ “internal employability” that involves students’ self-assurance and views of work-related relevance with regard to supposed abilities.
The relational model of entrepreneurship and knowledge management toward innovation, strategy implementation and improving Islamic boarding school performance
Authors: Rofiaty Rofiaty 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The influence of entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge management on innovation, the influence of knowledge management on the implementation of strategies and the influence of entrepreneurial orientation, knowledge management, innovation, implementation of strategies to organizational performance, where the organization referred to is an Islamic boarding school.

Design/methodology/approach
This research applied quantitative causal design and was an explanatory research. It was conducted at an Islamic boarding school in Malang in the period of April to December 2017. The population of this study included the managers of the pesantren, teachers and employee representatives making strategic decisions. The unit of analysis in this study consisted of Pondok Pesantren Ar Rohmah Putra, Pondok Pesantren Ar Rohmah Putri, Pondok Pesantren Al Izzah, Tazkiyah IIBS, Pondok Pesantren Darul Maghfirroh, Pondok Pesantren An Nur Putra, Pondok Pesantren An Nur Putri, PSBB MAN 3 Malang, Pondok Pesantren Ar Rifa’i Putra and Pondok Pesantren Ar Rifa’i Putri.

Findings
First, entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge management have a significant and positive impact on the improvement of innovation. This means that the higher the entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge management by Islamic boarding schools, the better the innovation in business competitiveness. Second, knowledge management positively affects the strategy implementation. This means the better the knowledge management, the better the strategy implementation of within the framework of business competitiveness of Islamic boarding schools. Third, entrepreneurial orientation, knowledge management and strategy implementation have a significant effect on the improvement of performance of Islamic boarding schools. The higher the entrepreneurial orientation, knowledge management and strategy implementation, the better will be the performance of Islamic boarding schools.

Originality/value
This study is one of the few studies that examine the influence of entrepreneurial orientation, knowledge management on innovation, implementation of strategies and the impact on organizational performance.
Sensitivity and reliability evaluation for a thermal power plant subject to complex failures and human error
Authors: Kumar Amit 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze a thermal power plant (TPP) by taking into consideration its key components, namely, boiler, turbine, conveyor and generator, which are handled by a human operator. It is well known fact that the continuous power generation through a power plant depends on the reliability/availability of its components.

Design/methodology/approach
The various performance measures of a TPP are obtained by using mathematical modeling, Markov process and supplementary variable technique.

Findings
Reliability, i.e. mean time to failure with respect to different components of a TPP, has been obtained and demonstrated with the help of graphs. Critical components of the system are identified through sensitivity analysis.

Originality/value
In the present paper, a mathematical model based on the functioning of a TPP has been developed. Conclusions in this paper are good references for the design of a TPP.
Nest structure affects auditory and visual detectability, but not predation risk, in a tropical songbird community
Authors: Mouton James C. , Martin Thomas E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Offspring mortality varies dramatically among species with critical demographic and evolutionary ramifications, yet the causes of this variation remain unclear. Nests are widely used for breeding across taxa and thought to influence offspring mortality risk. Traditionally, more complex, enclosed nest structures are thought to reduce offspring predation by reducing the visibility of nest contents and muffling offspring sounds compared to open nests. Direct tests of the functional bases for nest structure influence on predation risk are lacking.

We used experiments and 10 years of observational data to examine how nest structure influences nest predation risk in a diverse community of tropical songbirds. First, we examined how nest size was related to nest structure and nest predation rates across species. Second, we assessed how nest structure influences the detectability of nestling begging calls both in field and in laboratory settings. Finally, we examined how the acoustic properties of different nest structures influence nest predation risk. Specifically, we experimentally broadcast begging calls from open and enclosed nests to determine how auditory cues and nest structure interact to affect predation on plasticine and quail eggs. We also tested whether nest structure was associated with differences in nest predation rates between the incubation (no begging cues) and nestling (begging cues) stages.

We found that enclosed nests are larger than open nests after accounting for adult size, and larger nests had increased predation rates. Moreover, enclosed nests did not consistently alter nestling begging calls in ways that reduce the likelihood of predation compared to open nests. Indeed, begging cues increased predation rates for enclosed but not open‐cup nests in our playback experiment, and nest predation rates showed greater increases after hatching in enclosed than open‐cup nests.

Ultimately, enclosed nests do not necessarily provide greater predation benefits than open nests in contrast to long‐standing theory.

A free plain language summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Phenotypic plasticity or evolutionary change? An examination of the phenological response of an arctic seabird to climate change
Authors: Sauve Drew , Divoky George , Friesen Vicki L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Phenological adjustments are an important aspect of a population's response to climate change. Changes in phenology can occur through either individual plasticity or evolutionary change within populations. Few studies have investigated both these processes in Arctic environments.

Using 42 years of individual and pedigree data, we evaluated the contribution of plasticity and evolution to variation in breeding phenology at a colony of a high Arctic sea‐ice obligate seabird, Mandt's black guillemot (Cepphus grylle mandtii). Mean clutch initiation (first egg in a clutch) advanced 7.8 days, and both environmental (snowmelt) and demographic (years of breeding experience) factors varied among years.

Earlier phenology was associated with earlier snowmelt and experienced mothers. Females advanced phenology at different rates as they aged but at similar rates in response to variation in snowmelt. Heritability of clutch initiation was negligible, and there was no evidence of evolution contributing to phenological changes.

Earlier laying was associated with increased annual number of fledglings and annual adult survival at the individual level suggesting that the phenological changes are adaptive and are driven by phenotypic plasticity, but not genetic responses.

We propose that species with a constrained breeding season (like many Arctic species) may have a limited ability beyond existing plasticity to respond to changing environmental conditions.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Percutaneous vs surgical emergency cricothyroidotomy: An experimental randomized crossover study on an animal‐larynx model
Authors: Andresen Åke Erling L. , Kramer‐Johansen Jo , Kristiansen Thomas 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundAirway management is a paramount clinical skill for the anaesthesiologist. The Emergency Cricothyroidotomy (EC) constitutes the final step in difficult airway algorithms securing a patent airway via a front‐of‐neck access. The main distinction among available techniques is whether the procedure is surgical and scalpel‐based or percutaneous and needle‐based.MethodsIn an experimental randomized crossover trial, using an animal larynx model, we compared two EC techniques; the Rapid Four Step Technique and the Melker Emergency Cricothyrotomy Kit®. We assessed time expenditure and success rates among 20 anaesthesiologists and related this to previous training, seniority and clinical experience with EC.ResultsAll participants achieved successful airway access with both methods. Average time to successful airway access for scalpel‐based EC was 54 (±31) seconds and for percutaneous EC 89 (±38) seconds, with 35 (95% CI: 14‐57) seconds time difference, P = .003. Doctors with recent (<12 months) EC training performed better compared to the non‐training group (37 vs 61 seconds, P = .03 for scalpel‐based EC, and 65 vs 99 seconds, P = .02 for percutaneous EC). We found no differences according to clinical seniority or previous real‐life EC experience.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that anaesthesiologists achieved successful airway access on an animal experimental model with both EC methods within a reasonable time frame, but the scalpel‐based EC is performed more promptly. Recent EC training affected the time expenditure positively, while seniority and clinical EC experience did not. EC procedures should be regularly trained for.
Toward an Integrated Anthropology of Infant Sleep
Authors: Ball Helen L. , Tomori Cecilia , McKenna James J. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis article provides a novel synthesis of anthropological research on infant sleep, focusing on work in biological and sociocultural anthropology in the past decade. First, we briefly review early biological anthropological research into infant sleep from 1987 to 2007, which provided the evidence base for the argument that proximate parent–infant sleep combined with lactation represents a complex set of adaptations that constitute the human evolutionary norm. This work challenged the Western pediatric infant sleep research paradigm, which positioned formula‐ or bottle‐fed solitary sleeping infants as the basis for research and universal models about human infant sleep. Next, we address how recent research has built on these foundations and extended anthropological insights into new aspects of infant sleep. Biological anthropologists, who continue to lead this research, have advanced into the hormonal and behavioral ecology of parent–infant sleep and trade‐offs in nighttime care and parent–infant conflict. Moreover, they have made significant progress in translating anthropological research into policy and practice in clinical and health delivery settings. Until recently, sociocultural anthropology has primarily addressed infant sleep as part of broader endeavors, without an explicit focus on infant sleep. We highlight key ethnographic works that shed light on the cultural normalcy and interembodied experience of shared maternal–infant sleep with breastfeeding that help de‐center Western discourses of infant sleep. We conclude by discussing future research agendas to forward an integrated anthropology of human infant sleep that considers its full biological and sociocultural context. Integrated anthropological approaches to infant sleep not only present a path forward for novel cross‐subfield anthropological research but could help guide more effective and equitable approaches to maternal‐infant health. [nighttime care, parenting, infancy, sleep]
Effects of leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin associated or not with bovine bone graft on the healing of bone defects in rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy
Authors: Engler‐Pinto Ana , Siéssere Selma , Calefi Ana , Oliveira Luiz , Ervolino Edilson , de Souza Sérgio , Furlaneto Flávia , Messora Michel Reis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the healing of critical size defects (CSDs) in calvaria of rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy and treated with leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) associated or not with bovine bone graft (XENO).Material and MethodsA total of 32 rats underwent a bilateral ovariectomy procedure. After 3 months, one 5 mm in diameter CSD was created in the middle of the calvaria of each animal. In group C, defect was filled with blood clot only. In PRF, XENO, and PRF‐XENO groups, defects were filled with 0.1 ml of L‐PRF, 0.1 ml of XENO, and a mixture of 0.1 ml of L‐PRF plus 0.1 ml of XENO, respectively. L‐PRF compressed clots were used to cover the defects in PRF and PRF‐XENO groups. Animals were submitted to euthanasia at 30 postoperative days. Histomorphometric, microtomographic, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed.ResultsPRF‐XENO group presented greater amount of neoformed bone (NB) when compared with XENO group, as well as higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteocalcin (OCN), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐2/4) (p < .05). PRF group presented increased amount of NB and higher expression of VEGF, OCN, BMP‐2/4, and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX‐2) when compared with group C (p < .05).Conclusions(a) The isolated use of L‐PRF clot can improve bone neoformation in CSDs in rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy, but seems to lead to decreased amount of bone neoformation when compared to the isolated use of XENO; (b) L‐PRF potentiates the healing of XENO in rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy.
Local Political Consolidation in Bangladesh: Power, Informality and Patronage
Authors: Lewis David , Hossain Abul 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTDuring the past decade Bangladesh has shifted from a competitively clientelistic two‐party system towards a dominant‐party democracy. This article analyses how the ruling party has consolidated partisan political control at the local level. Using qualitative field data from 2004 and 2016, and drawing on a post‐structural analysis of the state, it shows how this extension of power has been achieved locally through interaction between formal and informal political initiatives. Four main types of informal activity are documented, through which the extent of local political competition has been reduced: circumvention, capture, brokerage and the creation of new organizations. These insights into the changing nature of Bangladesh's long‐standing partisan politics highlight how the state's capacity to deliver local services, allocate resources and maintain stability has been enhanced through the ruling party's control of local government structures, its elimination of political opposition, and its reshaping of local patronage arrangements.
Determination and prediction of the appropriate depth of right internal jugular vein catheterization via the middle approach in adults using transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Ju Hui , Sun Xiaochen , Feng Yi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeThe appropriate depth of right internal jugular venous (RIJV) catheterization is still under debated. In this study, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is used to develop a prediction formula for fixed RIJV catheter depth.MethodsEighty patients with indications for intraoperative TEE and central line placement were enrolled. After intubation, a RIJV catheter was inserted via the middle approach using the Seldinger technique. When the J‐tip of the guide wire appeared at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium under TEE guidance, the guide wire was pulled back by approximately 2‐3 cm, until its tip was out of the pericardial fold. This depth was regarded as the insertion depth of the central venous catheter. Body landmark distance was measured, and the prediction formula was generated.ResultsThe mean central line depth after TEE‐guided placement was 15.1 ± 1.7 cm. The prediction formula developed is as follows: Insertion depth = (Height ÷ 20) + (D ÷ 2), where D equals the distance from the insertion point to the sternal angle via the right sternoclavicular joint (r = 0.595, r2 = 0.354, P < 0.01).ConclusionsTEE is an effective method for determining the appropriate insertion depth for an RIJV catheter. The prediction formula can be used as a reference for future RIJV catheterizations via the middle approach.
High‐affinity multivalent interactions between apolipoprotein E and the oligomers of amyloid‐β
Authors: Ghosh Shamasree , Sil Timir Baran , Dolai Subhrajyoti , Garai Kanchan 
Published: July 2019

Although the interaction of apoE isoforms with amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides plays a critical role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease, how they interact with each other remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism of apoE‐Aβ interactions by comparing the effects of the different domains of apoE on Aβ. The kinetics of aggregation of Aβ1‐42 are delayed dramatically in the presence of substoichiometric, nanomolar concentrations of N‐terminal fragment (NTF), C‐terminal fragment (CTF) and full‐length apoE both in lipid‐free and in lipidated forms. However, interactions between apoE and Aβ as measured by intermolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis were found to be minimal at t = 0 but to increase in a time‐dependent manner. Thus, apoE must interact with one or more ‘intermediates’ rather than the monomers of Aβ. Kinetics of FRET between full‐length apoE4 labelled with EDANS at position 62 or 139 or 210 or 247 or 276, and tetramethylrhodamine‐labelled Aβ (TMR‐Aβ), further support an involvement of all the three domains of apoE in the interactions. However, the above‐mentioned residues do not appear to form a single pocket in the 3‐dimensional structure of apoE. A competitive binding assay examining the effects of unlabelled fragments or full‐length apoE on the FRET between EDANS‐apoE and TMR‐Aβ show that binding affinity of the full‐length apoE to Aβ is much higher than that of the fragments. Furthermore, apoE4 is found to interact more strongly than apoE3. We hypothesize that high affinity of the apoE‐Aβ interaction is attained due to multivalent binding mediated by multiple interactions between oligomeric Aβ and full‐length apoE.
Interaction of N‐acetyl‐l‐glutamate kinase with the PII signal transducer in the non‐photosynthetic alga Polytomella parva: Co‐evolution towards a hetero‐oligomeric enzyme
Authors: Selim Khaled A. , Lapina Tatyana , Forchhammer Karl , Ermilova Elena 
Published: July 2019

During evolution, several algae and plants became heterotrophic and lost photosynthesis; however, in most cases, a nonphotosynthetic plastid was maintained. Among these organisms, the colourless alga Polytomella parva is a special case, as its plastid is devoid of any DNA, but is maintained for specific metabolic tasks carried out by nuclear encoded enzymes. This makes P. parva attractive to study molecular events underlying the transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic lifestyle. Here we characterize metabolic adaptation strategies of P. parva in comparison to the closely related photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a focus on the role of plastid‐localized PII signalling protein. Polytomella parva accumulates significantly higher amounts of most TCA cycle intermediates as well as glutamate, aspartate and arginine, the latter being specific for the colourless plastid. Correlating with the altered metabolite status, the carbon/nitrogen sensory PII signalling protein and its regulatory target N‐acetyl‐l‐glutamate‐kinase (NAGK; the controlling enzyme of arginine biosynthesis) show unique features: They have co‐evolved into a stable hetero‐oligomeric complex, irrespective of effector molecules. The PII signalling protein, so far known as a transiently interacting signalling protein, appears as a permanent subunit of the enzyme NAGK. NAGK requires PII to properly sense the feedback inhibitor arginine, and moreover, PII tunes arginine‐inhibition in response to glutamine. No other PII effector molecules interfere, indicating that the PII‐NAGK system in P. parva has lost the ability to estimate the cellular energy and carbon status but has specialized to provide an entirely glutamine‐dependent arginine feedback control, highlighting the evolutionary plasticity of PII signalling system.
A practical method for fatigue limit prediction in ductile cast irons
Authors: Endo Masahiro , Matsuo Takashi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA simple, reasonably accurate method was proposed for fatigue limit prediction in ductile cast irons (DCIs) containing small defects, employing an easy‐to‐use prediction equation. A technique was also presented for the estimation of the statistical effects of complex structural discontinuities, as characterized by graphite and casting defects. The validity of these approaches was confirmed by the experimental results obtained via rotating‐bending fatigue tests on six DCIs, with varying distributions of graphite nodule size and different matrix structures.
Conservation of spawning time between years in lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus and potential impacts from the temporal distribution of fishing effort
Authors: Kennedy James , Ólafsson Halldór G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus L., has an extended ovary development period and a relatively long spawning season. It therefore seems unlikely that individuals spawning later in the season would be able to recover from spawning and develop their gonads in time to spawn during the early part of the season the following year. The hypothesis that individuals spawning early or late in a spawning season would spawn early or late the following year was tested using fish tagged in Iceland between 2008 and 2017. The tagging date and recapture date the following year were positively correlated with an average of 356 days at large (DAL). Fish sampled from the fishery indicate that tagging/recapture date gives an indication of spawning time. From this, it was concluded that spawning time in the current year can be used to predict spawning time the following year. As fishing effort was greatest at the end of April/beginning of May, it seems likely that fish that come to spawn at this time will be subject to a higher fishing mortality. Therefore, they will be less likely to spawn successfully than fish spawning earlier or later in the year. If spawning time is under genetic control, then this could have consequences for the spawning phenology of lumpfish.