bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate and Sustained Effect of Neonatal Teaching in a Perinatal Setting in Urban Laos
Authors: Hoehn Thomas , Genet Petra , Balan Percy , Schramm Dirk , Verde Pablo Emilio , Phengsavanh Alongkone 
Published: February 2019

Objective This study aimed to quantify knowledge on neonatal topics among obstetricians and pediatricians participating in a perinatal teaching program aimed at reducing neonatal mortality in Laos.
Study Design Obstetricians and pediatricians from Vientiane and the surrounding areas participated in a 1-week teaching program in obstetric and neonatal topics and responded to pre- and posttests questionnaires to quantify their knowledge.
Results Although questions were predominantly related to neonatal topics, obstetricians performed significantly better than pediatricians during the pretest. Both groups increased their knowledge significantly as quantified by the results of the posttest.
Conclusion The teaching program was effective in improving knowledge on perinatal mortality related topics of the participants. These results may be related to the fact that most of the obstetricians had participated in a structured teaching program previously, whereas the pediatricians did not. We thus speculate that there is a sustained effect of even a 1-week teaching program in neonatology even several years after the initial teaching.
Putting speculation and new materialisms in dialogue
Authors: Moffat Luke 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOver the past decade, numerous disciplines have taken on speculation as a method for research, a tool for thought, or a topic of study. In so doing, sociology, politics, design, geography and other disciplines have all helped to readdress the nature and potential of speculation, as a way of thinking, but also as a way to bridge the gap between theory and practice, something that often plagues philosophy. Despite the variety of perspectives in this range of disciplines, they often draw upon a common philosophical canon. This paper explores current discussions of speculation in the context of speculative philosophy, as well as work in new materialisms from Karen Barad, and Jane Bennett, to address some potential exchanges between new materialisms and speculation. The paper concludes with a brief description of a symposium held in 2018 that explored these themes across disciplines. It advocates further exchanges between speculative and new materialist approaches, as one way of figuring the place of matter in theory.
Humanized UGT2 and CYP3A transchromosomic rats for improved prediction of human drug metabolism
Authors: Kazuki Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Kaoru , Hirabayashi Masumi , Abe Satoshi , Kajitani Naoyo , Kazuki Kanako , Takehara Shoko , Takiguchi Masato , Satoh Daisuke , Kuze Jiro , Sakuma Tetsushi , Kaneko Takehito , Mashimo Tomoji , Osamura Minori , Hashimoto Mari , Wakatsuki Riko , Hirashima Rika , Fujiwara Ryoichi , Deguchi Tsuneo , Kurihara Atsushi , Tsukazaki Yasuko , Senda Naoto , Yamamoto Takashi , Scheer Nico , Oshimura Mitsuo 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Genomically humanized animals overcoming species differences are invaluable for biomedical research. Although rats would be preferred over mice for several applications, generation of a humanized model is restricted to mice due to the difficulty of complex genetic manipulations in rats. In this study, we successfully generated humanized rats with megabase-sized gene clusters via combination of chromosome transfer using mouse artificial chromosome vector and genome editing technologies. In the humanized UGT2 and CYP3A transchromosomic rats described in this paper, the expression of the human genes, as well as the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of relevant probe substrates, accurately mimic the situation in humans. Thus, the advanced technologies can be used to generate fully humanized rats useful for biomedical research.
Mature vessel networks in engineered tissue promote graft–host anastomosis and prevent graft thrombosis
Authors: Ben-Shaul Shahar , Landau Shira , Merdler Uri , Levenberg Shulamit 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Rapid graft revascularization, while critical for graft survival, is often not seen in current grafts due to poor basal vascularization. In the present work, we assessed the effect of engineered vessel network assembly and maturation in pre-vascularized constructs prior to implantation on the dynamics of graft integration and perfusion. Grafts bearing highly complex and mature vessel networks were rapidly invaded by host vasculature, which anastomosed with the engineered vessels, promoting their perfusion and reducing blood clot accumulation in the graft. The implantation of grafts with highly mature engineered vessels promises to improve graft integration with the host vasculature and its overall survival.
MGMT-activated DUB3 stabilizes MCL1 and drives chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wu Xiaowei , Luo Qingyu , Zhao Pengfei , Chang Wan , Wang Yating , Shu Tong , Ding Fang , Li Bin , Liu Zhihua 
Published: February 2019

SignificanceOvarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecological malignancies and has a poor prognosis characterized by resistance to chemotherapy. MCL1 has been found to play an essential role in chemoresistance and could be a promising therapeutic target. However, designing specific inhibitors targeting MCL1 remains challenging. Here, we found that deubiquitinating enzyme 3 (DUB3) stabilizes MCL1 via deubiquitination. We identified that O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a key activator of DUB3 transcription and that the MGMT inhibitor PaTrin-2 effectively suppresses ovarian cancer cells with elevated MGMT-DUB3-MCL1 expression. We further showed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors could significantly activate MGMT/DUB3 expression to sensitize ovarian cancer cells to PaTrin-2, providing an ideal therapeutic option involving the combined treatment of HDACis and PaTrin-2 in ovarian cancer.
Second-generation IL-2 receptor-targeted diphtheria fusion toxin exhibits antitumor activity and synergy with anti–PD-1 in melanoma
Authors: Cheung Laurene S. , Fu Juan , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Amit , Urbanowski Michael E. , Ihms Elizabeth A. , Parveen Sadiya , Bullen C. Korin , Patrick Garrett J. , Harrison Robert , Murphy John R. , Pardoll Drew M. , Bishai William R. 
Published: February 2019

SignificanceRegulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrate tumors in various cancers and promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment that hinders antitumor immunity. Denileukin diftitox, a diphtheria-toxin–based fusion protein that depletes Tregs, was approved for the treatment of T cell malignancies, but its clinical use was limited due to the presence of protein aggregates and toxicity associated with vascular leakage. Here, we report the production of a second-generation IL-2 receptor-targeted, fully-folded, monomeric diphtheria fusion toxin and a V6A mutant variant that showed reduced vascular leak in vitro and reduced lethality in mice. In a mouse model of melanoma, we found a significant decrease in tumor growth associated with reduction in Tregs when the protein was tested as monotherapy or in combination with checkpoint blockade.
A glycyl radical enzyme enables hydrogen sulfide production by the human intestinal bacteriumBilophila wadsworthia
Authors: Peck Spencer C. , Denger Karin , Burrichter Anna , Irwin Stephania M. , Balskus Emily P. , Schleheck David 
Published: February 2019

SignificanceThis paper describes a pathway for anaerobic bacterial metabolism of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonate), an abundant substrate in the human intestinal microbiota, by the intestinal bacterium and opportunistic pathogen,Bilophila wadsworthia. This metabolism converts taurine to the toxic metabolite hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an activity associated with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. A critical enzyme in this pathway is isethionate sulfite-lyase, a member of the glycyl radical enzyme family. This enzyme catalyzes a novel, radical-based C-S bond-cleavage reaction to convert isethionate (2-hydroxyethanesulfonate) to sulfite and acetaldehyde. This discovery improves our understanding of H2S production in the human body and may also offer new approaches for controlling intestinal H2S production andB. wadsworthiainfections.
Persistent metabolic youth in the aging female brain
Authors: Goyal Manu S. , Blazey Tyler M. , Su Yi , Couture Lars E. , Durbin Tony J. , Bateman Randall J. , Benzinger Tammie L.-S. , Morris John C. , Raichle Marcus E. , Vlassenko Andrei G. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Prior work has identified many sex differences in the brain, including during brain aging and in neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, many of these studies are performed by comparing age-matched females and males. Evolutionary theorists have predicted that females might have more youthful brains (neoteny) as compared with males, but until now findings in support of this theory have been limited to postmortem transcriptional analysis, some of which is contradictory. To test this hypothesis in vivo, we analyzed sex differences in a unique brain PET dataset in over 200 normal human adults across the adult life span. We find that in terms of brain metabolism, the adult female brain is on average a few years younger than the male brain.
Defining the impact of mutation accumulation on replicative lifespan in yeast using cancer-associated mutator phenotypes
Authors: Lee Mitchell B. , Dowsett Ian T. , Carr Daniel T. , Wasko Brian M. , Stanton Sarah G. , Chung Michael S. , Ghodsian Niloufar , Bode Anna , Kiflezghi Michael G. , Uppal Priya A. , Grayden Katherine A. , Elala Yordanos C. , Tang Thao T. , Tran Ngoc H. B. , Tran Thu H. B. , Diep Anh B. , Hope Michael , Promislow Daniel E. L. , Kennedy Scott R. , Kaeberlein Matt , Herr Alan J. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Mutations accumulate throughout life in every cell of the body. A long-standing question is to what extent these mutations contribute to aging. Age is the single greatest risk factor for cancer, a disease driven by random mutagenesis and selection for malignant phenotypes. We wondered whether cancer cells, being the most heavily mutagenized human cell, are short-lived due to mutagenesis. Single-cell measurements of replicative lifespan are not established for human cells. So, instead, we engineered diploid yeast to have cancer-associated defects that increase mutagenesis and then measured lifespan and mutation accumulation. Yeast cellular lifespan decreased as the total number of mutations increased to levels commonly found in human cancers, suggesting that the longevity of cancer cells may be inherently limited.
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering determination of the electronic structure of oxyhemoglobin and its model complex
Authors: Yan James J. , Kroll Thomas , Baker Michael L. , Wilson Samuel A. , Decréau Richard , Lundberg Marcus , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Glatzel Pieter , Hedman Britt , Hodgson Keith O. , Solomon Edward I. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The electronic structure of the heme oxy-iron center in oxyhemoglobin and oxymyoglobin has been the subject of debate for decades. Various experimental and computational methods have been used to study this system, leading to conflicting conclusions. This study uses X-ray spectroscopy to directly probe the iron center in the highly delocalized oxyhemoglobin and its model compound to define the electronic structure and understand the differences between the protein and the model. This study settles a longstanding debate in bioinorganic chemistry and provides insight into heme iron–oxygen binding, the key first step in many biocatalytic processes.
Mesoscale modeling reveals formation of an epigenetically driven HOXC gene hub
Authors: Bascom Gavin D. , Myers Christopher G. , Schlick Tamar 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The precise role of epigenetic factors in controlling chromatin structure is not well understood. Here, we use publicly available data to build and “fold” a nucleosome-resolution mesoscale model of the developmentally regulated HOXC gene locus that incorporates histone tail acetylation, linker histone binding, and nucleosome occupancy. We discover a spontaneous contact hub that bridges promoters and exon/intron junctions. Our work emphasizes how epigenetic factors are coordinated to influence chromatin architecture and opens the way for nucleosome resolution modeling of epigenetically regulated genes.
Local homogeneity of tonotopic organization in the primary auditory cortex of marmosets
Authors: Zeng Huan-huan , Huang Jun-feng , Chen Ming , Wen Yun-qing , Shen Zhi-ming , Poo Mu-ming 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Marmoset is a New World monkey rich in social interaction and vocal communication. We used in vivo two-photon fluorescence calcium imaging of sound-evoked responses of large neuronal populations at single-neuron resolution in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of anesthetized marmosets. We found that the pure tone-evoked responses of marmoset A1 neurons are highly homogeneous in their frequency preference within local cortical regions, in sharp contrast to that found in rodents. Thus, there is species-specific local tonotopic organization in A1, which imposes distinct neural circuitry constraints for the cortical integration of auditory information.
High-dimensional representation of texture in somatosensory cortex of primates
Authors: Lieber Justin D. , Bensmaia Sliman J. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The sense of touch affords a remarkable sensitivity to the microstructure of surfaces, affording us the ability to sense elements ranging in size from tens of nanometers to tens of millimeters. The hand sends signals about texture to the brain using three classes of nerve fibers through two neural codes: coarse features in spatial patterns of activation and fine features in precise temporal spiking patterns. In this study, we show that these nerve signals culminate in a complex, high-dimensional representation of texture in somatosensory cortex, whose structure can account for the structure of texture perception. This complexity arises from the neurons that act as idiosyncratic detectors of spatial and/or temporal motifs in the afferent input.
Convergent gene losses illuminate metabolic and physiological changes in herbivores and carnivores
Authors: Hecker Nikolai , Sharma Virag , Hiller Michael 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Mammals repeatedly adapted to specialized diets, including plant-based diets for herbivores and meat- or insect-based diets for carnivores. Apart from consuming diets with different nutritional compositions, obligate herbivores and carnivores differ in other aspects, such as the time spent feeding, regularity of pancreatic juice secretion, exposure to toxic plant-derived compounds, and gut microbiome diversity. To better understand how diet-related changes evolved, we performed genome-wide screens for convergent gene losses that happened preferentially in herbivores or in carnivores. We discovered repeated losses of genes involved in fat digestion, pancreatic juice secretion, glucose homeostasis, appetite regulation, detoxification, and gut microbiome diversity. Our results reveal genomic changes associated with dietary specialization and illuminate metabolic and physiological changes in herbivorous and carnivorous mammals.
Hippocampal atrophy and intrinsic brain network dysfunction relate to alterations in mind wandering in neurodegeneration
Authors: O’Callaghan Claire , Shine James M. , Hodges John R. , Andrews-Hanna Jessica R. , Irish Muireann 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Humans spend much of their waking life engaged in mind wandering. Underlying brain systems supporting this complex ability have been established in healthy individuals, yet it remains unclear how mind wandering is altered in neuropsychiatric populations. We reveal changes in the thought profiles elicited during periods of low cognitive demand in dementia, resulting in reduced mind wandering and an increased propensity toward stimulus-bound thought. These altered thought profiles were associated with structural and functional brain changes in the hippocampus, default, and frontoparietal networks, key regions implicated in internal mentation in healthy individuals. Our findings provide a unique clinical validation of current theoretical models of mind wandering and reveal a dimension of cognitive dysfunction that has received scant attention in dementia.
Genetically eliminating Purkinje neuron GABAergic neurotransmission increases their response gain to vestibular motion
Authors: Stay Trace L. , Laurens Jean , Sillitoe Roy V. , Angelaki Dora E. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
One theory of cerebellar function proposes that it creates internal models for action planning, timing, and sensory processing. Purkinje neurons in the caudal vermis of macaques carry a model of gravitational and linear acceleration, and here we show that this computation is evolutionarily conserved and represented across multiple lobules of the rodent vermis. Further, we show that genetically blocking Purkinje neuron GABAergic output leaves this computational ability intact, but leads to increased response modulation amplitude. We conclude that Purkinje neuron feedback regulates gain control within the cerebellar circuit.
Chaperone-mediated autophagy is involved in the execution of ferroptosis
Authors: Wu Zheming , Geng Yang , Lu Xiaojuan , Shi Yuying , Wu Guowei , Zhang Mengmeng , Shan Bing , Pan Heling , Yuan Junying 
Published: February 2019

Significance
This study reveals a common regulatory mechanism mediated by HSP90 that is shared by necroptosis and ferroptosis, two necrotic cell death mechanisms that have previously had no known mechanistic connections. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the involvement of chaperone-mediated autophagy in the execution of ferroptosis. Given the role of HSP90 as an important chaperone involved in major human maladies ranging from neurodegenerations to cancers, our work further implicates the roles of necroptosis and ferroptosis in human diseases.
SCAT5 vs. SCAT3 Symptom Reporting Differences and Convergent Validity in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Asken Breton M , Houck Zachary M , Bauer Russell M , Clugston James R 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT), fifth Edition, Symptom Evaluation (S5SE) differs from previous versions by having examinees report trait (i.e. “typical” feelings) as opposed to state (i.e., “how you feel right now”) concussion-like symptoms at baseline. This study assessed differences among, and convergent validity of, scores on the S5SE, SCAT3 Symptom Evaluation (S3SE), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18).

Methods
A total of 113 University of Florida varsity athletes completed symptom questionnaires on the same day in a counterbalanced administration. The final sample consisted of 94 participants (mean age ± SD = 18.4 ± 0.8 years, 57% male, 65% white) from 17 sports. We assessed convergent validity using Spearman rank-order correlations. Within-participant differences were analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests. We qualitatively described free-response answers to the S5SE question that asks, “if not feeling 100%, why?”.

Results
S5SE total severity score demonstrated adequate convergent validity with both the S3SE (rho = .407, p &lt; .001) and BSI-18 (rho = .432, p &lt; .001). Domain-specific analyses indicated variable convergent validity (rho &lt; 0.4 to rho &gt; 0.6). Severity scores did not differ between the S3SE and S5SE (p = .500), but 24.5% of participants reported S3SE &gt; S5SE and 34.0% S5SE &gt; S3SE. Three themes emerged from qualitative examination of reasons for “not feeling 100%”: (1) tiredness/sleep, (2) adjustment difficulties, and (3) academic/athletic stress.

Conclusions
Adequate convergent validity exists between SCAT5 and SCAT3 symptom severity in collegiate athletes. However, most examinees report different baseline symptom severity when asked to describe their trait (S5SE) versus state symptoms (S3SE). Clinicians should consider using the new SCAT5 Symptom Evaluation as a screening tool for identifying otherwise healthy or “undiagnosed” individuals who would benefit from targeted interventions.
No Linear Association Between Number of Concussions or Years Played and Cognitive Outcomes in Retired NFL Players
Authors: Fields Lindy , Didehbani Nyaz , Hart John , Cullum C Munro 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the current study is to examine whether concussion history and years played are linearly associated with cognitive outcomes in retired National Football League (NFL) players.

Method
Thirty-five retired NFL players over the age of 50 who had sustained at least one concussion completed a clinical interview and brief neuropsychological battery. Correlational analyses were conducted between exposure variables [number of total concussions, concussions with loss of consciousness (LOC), and years played] and cognitive performance as characterized by cognitive composite scores based on performance on neuropsychological measures (attention/processing speed, language, memory, and overall composite scores).

Results
Correlational analyses corrected for multiple comparisons did not reveal any statistically significant correlations between exposure variables and cognitive outcomes.

Conclusions
We did not find a significant linear association between cognitive outcomes and either number of total concussions, concussions with LOC, or years played in the NFL. These findings do not support a dose–response relationship between sports-related exposure to head impacts and cognitive outcomes later in life. Rather, the findings suggest that cognitive difficulties experienced by some retired players later in life are not directly linearly associated with quantified exposure to head impacts sustained throughout a football career, but related to factors or combinations of factors that have yet to be elucidated.
Anatomical Map of the Facial Artery for Facial Reconstruction and Aesthetic Procedures
Authors: Koziej Mateusz , Trybus Marek , Hołda Mateusz , Polak Jakub , Wnuk Jakub , Brzegowy Paweł , Popiela Tadeusz , Walocha Jerzy , Chrapusta Anna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe facial artery (FA) is the main blood vessel supplying the anterior face and an understanding of its anatomy is crucial in facial reconstruction and aesthetic procedures.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the many anatomical features of the FA utilizing a multidimensional approach.MethodsHead and neck computed tomographic angiographies of 131 patients (255 FAs) with good image quality were evaluated. The FA was classified according to its termination pattern, course, and location with reference to soft tissue/bone surrounding structures.ResultsIn total, each branch was present as follows: the submental artery (44.8%), the inferior labial artery (60%), the superior labial artery (82.2%), the lateral nasal artery (25.1%), and the angular artery (42.5%). The most common FA course was the classic course, situated medially to the nasolabial fold (27.1%). In total 65.5% of the arteries were located medially to the nasolabial fold, and only 12.3% of them were totally situated lateral to the nasolabial fold. The median distance (with quartiles) from the inferior orbital rim reached the FA after the superior labial artery branched off in 50.2% of cases and was 36.6 mm (33.4; 43.3). The angle between the FA and the inferior border of the mandible was 49.8o (31.9; 72.4). The horizontal distances between the oral commissure and naris to the FA were 8.5 ± 4.0 mm and 12.1 ± 6.7 mm, respectively.ConclusionsAn anatomical map summarizing the major measurements and geometry of the FA was generated. The detailed anatomy and relative positioning of the FA should be considered to avoid any unexpected complications in plastic surgery.