bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new method to prepare functional phosphines through steady‐state photolysis of triarylphosphines
Authors: Yasui Shinro , Ando Taro , Ozaki Masashi , Ogawa Yuya , Shioji Kosei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe steady‐state photolysis of triarylphosphine, Ar3P, was carried out using a xenon lamp or a high‐pressure mercury lamp under an argon atmosphere in a solvent containing a functional group, CH3X. Gas chromatograph‐mass spectroscopic analysis on the photolysis showed that a phosphine to which the functional group from the solvent is incorporated, Ar2PCH2X, was formed in a moderate yield, along with tetraaryldiphosphine, Ar2PPAr2. The product, Ar2PCH2CN, from the photolysis in acetonitrile (X=CN) was isolated by column chromatography. In the photolysis in other solvents tried here (ethyl acetate, acetone, 2‐butanone, and 3,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butanone), Ar2PCH2X formed in the reaction mixture was so labile on a silica‐gel column that it was treated with S8 powder to convert to the corresponding phosphine sulfide, Ar2P(=S)CH2X. The resulting phosphine sulfide was isolated by column chromatography. The isolated products in these reactions, Ar2PCH2CN and Ar2P(=S)CH2X, were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis or high‐resolution mass spectroscopy. The formation of Ar2PCH2X as well as Ar2PPAr2 is explained by homolytic cleavage of a P‐C bond of Ar3P in the photoexcited state. This reactivity of Ar3P in the photoexcited state is in sharp contrast to that exerted under aerobic conditions, where Ar3P in the photoexcited state donates readily an electron to oxygen producing the radical cation, Ar3P·+. This photoreaction, which affords a functional phosphine, Ar2PCH2X, in one‐pot with generating very small amounts of unidentified side products, has potential for use in preparing functional phosphines.
Multicenter prospective study on the use and outcome of rehabilitation after total laryngectomy in Germany
Authors: Singer Susanne , Vogel Hans‐Joachim , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Erdmann‐Reusch Bianca , Fuchs Michael , Taylor Katherine , Meyer Alexandra , Keszte Judith 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the use and outcome of rehabilitation after total laryngectomy in Germany.MethodsWe enrolled patients who were scheduled for total laryngectomy, approached them again after surgery, after 3 months and 1 year. Patients completed questionnaires and were interviewed.ResultsOf 309 participants, 14% had not received any rehabilitation. Reasons for nonuse were primarily ongoing treatment and poor health. Users of rehabilitation had 4 times the odds of attaining any ability to speak compared to nonusers (odds ratio 3.8, P = .02). The main aim of rehabilitation from the perspective of the users was speech rehabilitation, mentioned by 71% before starting rehabilitation. This was also what most users (27%) found the most helpful part of rehabilitation.ConclusionsPatients are interested in attending rehabilitation. They especially want to improve their speech capacity, which indeed is better among users of rehabilitation than in those without.
PLGA/PLCA casting and PLGA/PDPA electrospinning bilayer film for prevention of postoperative adhesion
Authors: Niu Lijing , Feng Chengmin , Shen Chengyi , Wang Bing , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPostoperative adhesion is a common complication and preventing adhesions during or immediately after operation is particularly important. The application of solid barrier materials represents the most successful clinical strategy to prevent postoperative adhesion. However, a simple physical barrier effect might be insufficient in preventing adhesion satisfactorily. Multilayered structures can be designed with an outer layer as the barrier and an inner layer to respond to relative drug release. In this article, bilayer film composed of a PLGA/PLCA casting layer as barrier and PLGA/PDPA electrospinning layer to respond to the release of anti‐fibrosis drug l‐Phe was designed and synthesized. The adhesion prevention effect of the above PLGA/PLCA/PDPA bilayer film was examined and compared with single PLGA/PLCA casting film and single PLGA/PDPA electrospinning film by applying rabbit sidewall defect‐cecum abrasion model. As demonstrated by histological observation and immunohistochemical analysis, the bilayer film was the most effective of the three films in postoperative adhesion prevention in terms of both physical barrier effect and anti‐fibrosis effect of the PDPA macromolecular prodrug. Besides anti‐fibrosis effect, PDPA could also suppress excess proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and microvessel caused by long‐term stimulation of implantation materials to the surrounding tissues. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2030–2039, 2019.
Endoscopic management of pancreatic ascites due to duct disruption following acute necrotizing pancreatitis
Authors: Rana Surinder S , Sharma Ravi K , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: December 2018

Background and AimAcute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) can be associated with pancreatic duct (PD) disruption. PD disruption can lead to the formation of internal fistulae and consequent pancreatic ascites. Pancreatic ascites is reported very rarely following ANP, and therefore, the role of endotherapy in this setting is not defined. To retrospectively study the safety and efficacy of endoscopic drainage in patients with pancreatic ascites following ANP.MethodsOver a period of 6 years, 12 patients (10 males; mean age: 35.9 ± 7.1 years) with pancreatic ascites following ANP underwent an attempted endoscopic drainage. Patients with a coexistent pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided transmural drainage of PFC whereas patients with pancreatic ascites alone underwent transpapillary drainage alone.ResultsNine (75%) patients had coexistent PFC, whereas three patients presented with ascites only. The mean size of PFC was 7.2 ± 1.6 cm. Patients with PFC underwent successful EUS‐guided transmural drainage (multiple plastic stents in eight and metal stent in one patient) with complete resolution of PFC as well as ascites within 2–3 weeks. Of three patients with ascites alone, one patient had complete PD disruption, whereas two patients had partial PD disruption. Both patients with partial disruption underwent successful placement of bridging transpapillary stent and resolution of ascites at 6 weeks. In patients with complete disruption, a nonbridging stent was placed into the disruption, and ascites resolved after 8 weeks. There has been no recurrence over 27.5 ± 17.7 weeks.ConclusionEndoscopic drainage is a safe and effective treatment modality for the treatment of pancreatic ascites following ANP.
Office‐based transnasal esophagoscopy biopsies for histological diagnosis of head and neck patients
Authors: Mohammed Hassan , Del Pero Marcus , Coates Matthew , Masterson Liam , Tassone Peter , Burrows Stuart , Nassif Ramez 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo present yield of transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE) biopsies of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) lesions and define the role of TNE as a safe alternative to rigid endoscopy.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsAll patients who underwent TNE‐guided biopsies attempted over a 2‐year period were included. Patients were identified using coding records and outpatient diaries. Demographic data were recorded as well as the histological diagnosis and additional histological diagnostic procedures.ResultsDuring the observation period, 134 TNE‐guided procedures were attempted. The procedure could not be completed in 19 patients. There were 102/115 (89%) patients who did not require further interventions for histological diagnosis of the tumor. The most common biopsied area was the larynx (53), followed by the tongue base (29). The most common malignancy was invasive squamous cell carcinoma in 42/115 (36.5%).ConclusionsThe work presented in this article strongly suggests that TNE‐guided biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool for patients suspected of having carcinoma of the UADT.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:2721–2726, 2019
Immunologic modification in mono‐ and poly‐sensitized patients after sublingual immunotherapy
Authors: Kim Jin Youp , Han Doo Hee , Won Tae‐Bin , Kim Hyun Jik , Lee Chul Hee , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Kim Dong‐Young 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare immunologic modification and treatment outcomes after 2 years of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with house dust mite extracts (HDM) between monosensitized and polysensitized patients with allergic rhinitis.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsAmong the patients who were prospectively enrolled in the SLIT cohort study, patients with allergic rhinitis who were sensitized to HDM and treated with SLIT for at least 2 years were studied. All participants underwent serologic tests at baseline and after SLIT to evaluate changes in immunologic parameters. The total nasal symptom score (TNSS) was measured before and after SLIT, and effective and less effective responder groups were categorized depending on whether patients had a TNSS reduction of 50%, as compared with baseline.ResultsThe increase in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae specific immunoglobulin G4 levels was significantly higher in monosensitized patients than in polysensitized patients (P = .020 and P = .005, respectively). The TNSS significantly improved after SLIT in both the monosensitized and polysensitized groups (P < .001 in both groups). However, the difference in the changes in TNSS from baseline was not significant between the two groups (P = .374).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated different immunologic modifications after SLIT between monosensitized and polysensitized patients. However, patients in the polysensitized group who were treated with single‐allergen SLIT experienced clinical improvement in TNSS that was comparable with that in the monosensitized group despite demonstrating different immunologic changes.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 129:E170–E177, 2019
A dynamic and tribological simulation of a monolayer graphene sheet for a carbon atom‐graphene contact
Authors: Palaiologos Alexandros , Grigoriadis Kyriakos , Zavos Anastasios , Nikolakopoulos Pantelis G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study focuses on the dynamic and tribological characterisation of a single‐layer graphene sheet (SLGS). A 10 × 10 nm graphene model is developed, which is modally analysed for both zigzag and armchair lattices, thus enabling the examination of chirality effect on the SLGS' eigenfrequencies. The tribological analysis consists of the same SLGS model and a carbon atom simulating the graphene tip. The carbon atom is set to move on multiple paths to examine the importance of the path's position over the sheet. The friction forces applied on the tip during its movement can be calculated. The carbon atom tip is interlinked with the graphene atoms via the Lennard‐Jones model, characterising the real contact area. Spring elements mimic the interatomic forces, while beam and mass elements simulate the graphene's C─C covalent bonds and atoms, respectively, on a finite element simulation verified by the Prandtl‐Tomlinson model. It is perceived a strong stick‐slip effect on the friction force's areal pattern, which can be verified by the Prandtl‐Tomlinson theory of the atomic scale friction. It also became clear the effect of chirality, on graphene's tribological behaviour, after the differences in the calculated friction forces. Finally, an increase in the coefficient of friction analogous to the increase of the vertical load, due to graphene's deformation, is determined, while in the zigzag lattice, the coefficient of friction appears to be significantly lower that the armchair one.
Site‐Specific Oxidation‐Induced Stiffening and Shape Morphing of Soft Tough Hydrogels
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Li Tianzhen , Chen Fan , Zhou Dan , Gan Tiansheng , Zhou Xiaohu , Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Zhao Liqing , Zhou Xuechang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLiving biological tissues are made of structures with properly defined mechanical properties (toughness and stiffness) toward specific biological functions. Herein, a chemical manipulation strategy is developed to locally vary the oxidation state of Fe ions from divalent to trivalent in the tough hydrogels. The resultant trivalent ionically cross‐linked networks become less flexible and lead to a significant enhancement of the stiffness of the tough hydrogels. The mechanical strengthening of Fe2+/Ca2+‐alginate/polyacrylamide tough hydrogels is demonstrated by the oxidation with ammonium persulfate (APS). Moreover, by applying surface patterning, the mechanical properties of the tough hydrogels are spatially stiffened and thus can serve as anisotropic elements to guide the shape morphing of tough hydrogels into complex 3D structures. This method opens up a simple strategy not only to dynamically vary the mechanics of tough hydrogels, both in bulk and locally from prefabricated soft tough hydrogels, but also toward their shape morphing behaviors on demand.
A Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling Approach for the Habitat Distribution of Smooth Dogfish by Sex and Season in Inshore Coastal Waters of the U.S. Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Dell'Apa Andrea , Pennino Maria Grazia , Bangley Charles W. , Bonzek Christopher 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Smooth Dogfish Mustelus canis is an abundant, small coastal shark occurring along the U.S. Atlantic coast. Despite being targeted by a directed fishery and having recently undergone a stock assessment that found the population neither overfished nor experiencing overfishing, little is known about the spatial and temporal distribution of this species. Here, we used catch data from the spring and fall Northeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program's fishery-independent trawl surveys conducted between 2007 and 2016 and various environmental factors to perform hierarchical Bayesian modeling as a first attempt to spatially predict adult Smooth Dogfish CPUE in U.S. northwest Atlantic Ocean waters by sex and season. Relevant environmental variables differed between both sexes and seasons. Male and female CPUEs were similarly associated with lower salinity and shallower depth in the spring. During fall, male CPUE was associated with sea surface temperature and bottom rugosity, and female CPUE was associated with chlorophyll-a concentration, bottom rugosity, and year. Habitat modeling results predicted that areas of high male and female CPUEs would overlap during spring but strongly diverge during fall, when greater predicted CPUEs for males were distributed considerably farther north. These results suggest sexual segregation among Smooth Dogfish during fall, with the springtime overlap in distribution coinciding with the pupping and mating season in this population. This difference in distribution during fall may allow for a male-only directed fishery for Smooth Dogfish in the northern extent of the species’ range in waters near southern New England and Georges Bank.
Between a Rock and Soft Bottom: Evaluating the Use of Rod and Reel to Monitor Tautog in Southern Massachusetts
Authors: Vidal Tiffany , Glenn Robert , Reilly Brendan , Bednarski Michael , DeCelles Gregory R. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Fishery-independent trawl surveys are commonly used to monitor the status and trends of marine finfish species. Although bottom trawls are powerful sampling tools, they are limited to surveying relatively featureless bottom habitats and, as a result, may not accurately represent the trends in the relative abundance of fish species associated with structured and complex habitats. We evaluated the feasibility of rod and reel as an alternative fishery-independent survey methodology to monitor the abundance of Tautog Tautoga onitis, a recreationally and commercially important structure-dwelling reef fish, in the coastal waters of Massachusetts. Results suggest that a rod-and-reel survey is an effective, low-cost approach to monitor the structured habitats inaccessible to trawl gears. Using a generalized linear mixed modeling framework we were able to identify important predictor variables influencing catch rates; variables that would be important in the design of a continued long-term monitoring program and in the standardization of these data as an index of relative abundance. Variables retained in the top model included year, month, depth strata, bottom water temperature, tidal phase, fishing vessel, angler avidity, and random effects that accounted for the repeated measures survey design. Power analyses revealed that the directed rod-and-reel survey had far greater power to detect changes in Tautog abundance than the extant trawl survey, which had very little power to detect even large shifts in abundance. The results of this pilot study suggest that the continued use of rod and reel as a complementary survey tool would be warranted to further compare the trends in Tautog abundance generated using the two different survey methodologies, to reduce uncertainty in the stock assessment, and to improve the information upon which Tautog management is predicated in Massachusetts waters.
Age and Growth of the Shortfin Mako Shark in the Southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Liu Kwang-Ming , Sibagariang Rina D'rita , Joung Shoou-Jeng , Wang Shyh-Bin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Shortfin Mako Isurus oxyrinchus is one of the major shark bycatch species in the longline fishery for tuna Thunnus spp. in the Indian Ocean; however, its biological information is still little known. This study estimated the age and growth of Shortfin Makos in the southern Indian Ocean. In total, 178 specimens (72 females and 106 males) were opportunistically collected by the scientific observers onboard Taiwanese large-scale longline fishing vessels from February 2013 to September 2016 in the southern Indian Ocean. The relationship of gutted weight (GW; in kg) to curved fork length (CFL; in cm) for both sexes combined was estimated as GW = 0.00001 × CFL2.517 (n = 170, r2 = 0.85). Growth band pairs (including translucent and opaque bands) were counted based on sectioned vertebral centra from the caudal peduncle region. The periodicity of band-pair deposition on vertebral centra was estimated to be 1 year, with opaque bands deposited around August based on edge analysis. On this basis, the maximum observed ages of females and males were 18 and 14 years, respectively. The von Bertalanffy growth function best fitted the observed sexes-combined length-at-age data, with growth parameter estimates as L∞ = 267.6 cm CFL, k = 0.123/year, and t0 = −2.487 years (n = 159). The growth model could be improved for future stock assessments by increasing the sample size, particularly on very small (neonates and small subadults) and very large female Shortfin Makos.
MMP‐14 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms are related to steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the population of northern China
Authors: Qi Yuxin , Wang Jiaqi , Sun Mingqi , Ma Chao , Jin Tianbo , Liu Yuan , Cao Yuju , Wang Jianzhong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory disease which frequently occurs in young and middle‐aged people. Recent studies indicated that MMP‐14 played an important role in the development of chondrocytes, metabolism of osteoblasts as well as fate decision of hypertrophic chondrocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms of MMP‐14 and steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the Chinese population.MethodsWe selected 7 SNPs (rs3751488, rs1003349, rs1042703, rs2236302, rs1042704, rs2236303, and rs2236304) on gene MMP‐14. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the chi‐squared test, genetic model analysis, haplotype analysis, and stratification analysis.ResultsWe discovered that the genotype “G/G” of rs2236302 was associated with ONFH risk in the MMP‐14 in the codominant model (OR = 8.62, 95% CI = 1.07–69.46, p = 0.038) and recessive model (OR = 8.86, 95% CI = 1.10–71.31, p = 0.013).ConclusionsWe have confirmed that the susceptive SNPs (rs2236302) of MMP‐14 from the MMPs/TIMPs system exhibit a significant association with increased risk of steroid‐induced ONFH in the population of northern China.
Prevention of mercaptopurine‐induced hypoglycemia using allopurinol to reduce methylated thiopurine metabolites
Authors: Miller Matthew. B. , Brackett Julienne , Schafer Eric S. , Rau Rachel E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSkewing of mercaptopurine (6‐MP) metabolism preferentially toward the 6‐methylmercaptopurine (6‐MMP) metabolite over the antileukemic metabolite 6‐thioguanine (6‐TGN) is associated with 6‐MP‐related hepatotoxocity. Allopurinol when coadministered with 6‐MP can reduce this skewing and ameliorate the associated adverse effects. The cases we report here demonstrate that aberrant overproduction of 6‐MMP is also associated with profound 6‐MP‐associated hypoglycemia, which can be reversed by administration of allopurinol. This case series contributes to the scant literature on 6‐MP‐induced hypoglycemia and provides evidence that addition of allopurinol to reduced dose 6‐MP can successfully manage this severe toxicity.
Dumbbell to Core–Shell Structure Transformation of Ni–Au Nanoparticle Driven by External Stimuli
Authors: Han Shaobo , Liu Wei , Cai Chao , Cao Penghui , Gu Meng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractConversion of CO2 gas to CO fuels is one of the most promising solutions for the increasing threat of global warming and energy crisis. The efficient catalyst Ni–Au dumbbell converting CO2 into CO at elevated temperatures has high CO product selectivity; however, the accompanied atomic diffusion and subsequent surface reconstruction affect the catalytic efficiency of chemical reaction. Atomic scale characterization of structural evolution of the catalyst, which is essential to correlate the functional mechanism to active catalyst surfaces, is yet to be studied. Here, in situ transmission electron microscopy experiments and atomistic simulations are performed to characterize the structural evolution of Ni–Au dumbbell nanoparticles under two different external stimuli. In the condition of high temperature and vacuum, the Ni–Au nanostructure reveals a clear shape reconstruction from the initial dumbbell to core–shell‐like, which is induced by capillary force to minimize free surface energy of the system. The shape transformation involves two stages of processes, initial fast Au diffusion followed by slow source‐controlled diffusion. At ambient temperature, the combination of CO2 and electron flux surprisingly induces analogous structural transformation of Ni–Au nanostructure, where the associated chemical reaction and CO absorption stimulate the Au migration on Ni surface. Such surface reconstruction can be widely present in catalytic reactions in different environmental conditions, and the results herein demonstrate the detailed processes of Ni–Au structure evolution, which provide important insights for understanding the catalyst performance.