bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HRM practices and effectiveness: a comparison of US Hispanic and non-Hispanic family firms
Authors: Cater John , James Kevin , Kidwell Roland , Camp Kerri , Young Marilyn 
Published: October 2019

PurposeEffective use of human resources is important for the profitability and governance of family firms. In a study of the human resource management (HRM) practices of US Hispanic family firms, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the implications of agency and stewardship governance.Design/methodology/approachTo better understand HRM practices in US Hispanic family firms, the authors present findings from 169 US firms to hypothesize the extent of HRM development in Hispanic family firms (n=70) vs non-Hispanic family firms (n=99).FindingsResults indicated that HRM practices in Hispanic family firms are less structured than those of non-Hispanic family firms; however, when Hispanic family firms effectively use HRM practices, they will have greater financial success.Originality/valueTherefore, the results suggest that Hispanic family firm leaders display relatively low agency governance and high stewardship governance.
Business strategy and tax aggressiveness in Brazil
Authors: Lopo Martinez Antonio , Ferreira Bruno Afonso 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationships between company business strategy type and tax aggressiveness for companies listed on the Brazilian Bovespa stock exchange.

Design/methodology/approach
Following the concepts of Miles and Snow (1978, 2003), we classified company strategies into four types, analyser, defender, prospector and reactor, using data from 2012 to 2016. The authors excluded financial companies due to a differential tax regime. Next, prospector and defender companies were identified, and the relationship of these strategies with tax aggressiveness assessed using regression analysis; analyser and reactor types were not included as these are defined as a combination of the prospector and defender type, or non-strategic, respectively. To assess aggressiveness, the authors used effective tax rates on corporate profits, as well as a metric that captures tax burden in terms of all taxes paid by a company.

Findings
Most Brazilian companies were analysers (76.66 per cent), with prospector companies being a minority, and defenders representing a little over 21 per cent. Unlike the findings of Higgins et al. (2015), the authors found that defender companies also have a tendency to practice aggressive tax planning.

Practical implications
The authors found the Brazilian defender companies similar to prospectors, tended to be more tax aggressive or to take higher tax risks. Thus, findings in economies such as the USA may not be generalizable to other countries, such as Brazil, Russia, India or China (i.e. the BRICs), for example. The particularities of each country, such as ease of access to the capital market, tax deductibility of investment in research and development and legal issues must be considered before applying generalized prognostics.

Originality/value
This paper offers original empirical evidence from Brazil of the relationship between company strategy type and the tax aggressiveness, offering a clear result that differs in part from results from American companies. It therefore encourages further studies on this topic.
Legal socialization and selective exposure to “cop-watching” websites
Authors: Moule Jr Richard K. , Parry Megan M. , Fox Bryanna 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe legitimacy crisis faced by law enforcement has been suggested to be the result of a new media environment where citizens can record encounters with police and place these recordings online. The purpose of this paper is to examine the motives of individuals who cop-watch, or record the police, but not the factors influencing visiting cop-watching websites.Design/methodology/approachUsing a cross-sectional, national sample of 702 American adults, and drawing on theories of legal socialization and selective exposure, the current study examines the prevalence and correlates visiting “cop-watching” websites.FindingsApproximately 9 percent of the sample reports having ever visited these sites. Results from a series of logistic regressions indicate legal cynicism is positively associated with having ever visited these sites, having done so recently, following these sites on social media and visiting these sites more frequently after Ferguson. Police legitimacy reduced the likelihood that individuals had ever visited these sites, but was unrelated to other outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional nature of the survey precludes discussion of causality, but results are fairly consistent with theoretical expectations.Originality/valueThe current study reflects an early attempt to understand correlates of public consumption of “cop-watching” material.
Perpetrators, victims, bystanders and upstanders: cyberbullying in a special school context
Authors: Beer Paula , Hawkins Claire , Hewitson Dawn , Hallett Fiona 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study offers a multi‐dimensional analysis of ‘real world’ cyberbullying between members of a special school community. The purpose of this article is to analyse the social and educational contexts within which interactions of this nature are embedded. The interview both illuminated a number of themes pertinent to the current literature, and extended those related to the call for further analysis of the contextual determinants of cyberbullying. The influence of the conditions experienced by the children involved (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC)) is discussed and demonstrated. This use of natural observation provides a current and ‘real world’ illustration of teacher perceptions of the complex behaviours and interactions occurring in cyberspace, which hold potential for grave consequences. A hopeful tone is maintained as the potential for selfless upstander behaviour and resolution via the involvement of supportive and knowledgeable pastoral staff is realised in the article's conclusion.
What Is Suppletion? On *Goedand onWentin Modern English
Authors: Kayne Richard S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe term ‘suppletion’ is appropriate forwent/*goed, but only if that term is taken to be an informal descriptive term that hides a rich set of phonological and morphosyntactic properties that underlie each ofwentand*goedtaken separately. No direct blocking relation betweenwentand*goedis called for. The notion of verbal theme vowel is central.
When a health policy cuts both ways: Impact of the National Emergency Access Target policy on staff and emergency department performance
Authors: Forero Roberto , Man Nicola , Nahidi Shizar , Fitzgerald Gerard , Fatovich Daniel , Mohsin Mohammed , Ngo Hanh , Toloo Ghasem (Sam) , Gibson Nick , McCarthy Sally , Mountain David , Hillman Ken ,   on behalf of the 4HR/NEAT Partnership Grant
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the impact of the Four‐Hour Rule/National Emergency Access Target (4HR/NEAT) on staff and ED performance.MethodsA mixed‐methods study design was used to link performance data from 16 participating hospitals with the experiences reported by 119 ED staff during policy implementation. Quantitative and qualitative measures were triangulated to identify the staff and organisational effects on hospital performance. An overall score was developed to categorise hospitals into: high, moderate and low performers, then compared with four qualitative themes: social factors, ED management, ED outcomes and 4HR/NEAT compliance.ResultsKey factors identified were stress and morale; intergroup dynamics; interaction with patients; resource management; education and training; financial incentives; impact on quality and safety; perceived improvements on access block and overcrowding. High performing hospitals reported increased stress and decreased morale, decreased staff–patient communication and staff shortages; significant changes in ED management and effective use of the whole‐of‐hospital approach. Moderate performing hospitals reported similar characteristics to a lesser degree, and the perception that 4HR/NEAT did not impact ED practice. Low performing hospitals also reported increased stress and low morale and a less effective whole‐of‐hospital approach. ED staff also reported a reduction in communication with patients.ConclusionsThere was strong evidence of an association between high stress and low morale and the implementation of the 4HR/NEAT across all levels of performance. These adverse consequences of the 4HR/NEAT implementation indicate that a more nuanced approach to efficiency improvements is required. This would balance processes measured by 4HR/NEAT against a range of other clinical and organisational performance measures.
Assessment of spontaneous neuromuscular recovery: A comparison of the TOF‐Cuff® with the TOF Watch SX®
Authors: Sfeir Machado Eve , Keli‐Barcelos Gleicy , Dupuis‐Lozeron Elise , Tramèr Martin R. , Czarnetzki Christoph 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundTOF‐Cuff® is a modified blood pressure cuff used to monitor neuromuscular block. We compared the assessment of spontaneous neuromuscular recovery between TOF‐Cuff® (test device) and TOF Watch SX® (reference device).MethodsForty patients aged 18‐65 years undergoing elective surgery were enrolled. TOF‐Cuff® was installed on an upper arm and the TOF Watch SX® on the thumb of the opposite side. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with intravenous propofol and sufentanil. After induction, the devices were calibrated and continuous train‐of‐four (TOF) stimulation was started. A single intravenous dose of rocuronium (0.6 mg kg−1) was administered for intubation. The primary outcome was total recovery time (time in minutes from the injection of rocuronium to a normalized TOF ratio of 90%). Agreement between the two devices was calculated using mean difference and limits of agreement.ResultsThe primary outcome could be analysed in 27 patients because of 13 exclusions due to neuromuscular block reversal for shorter procedure surgical time, necessity of reinjection of rocuronium or technical failures of one of the two devices. Median total recovery time with the test device was 45 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 38.5‐61.5) and 63 minutes (IQR 51.1‐74.5) with the reference device. Total recovery time with the test device was on average 16.4 minutes shorter (limits of agreement, −6.1 to 39); increasing total recovery time was associated with increasing difference. The TOF ratio of the reference device was on average 0.59 (SD 0.23) when the test device indicated complete recovery. The TOF ratio of the test device was on average 0.98 (SD 0.03) when the reference device indicated complete recovery.ConclusionWhen compared with the TOF Watch SX®, TOF‐Cuff® overestimates spontaneous recovery of a rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular block.
Recent developments and highlights in food allergy
Authors: Eiwegger Thomas , Hung Lisa , San Diego Kristen Ericka , O'Mahony Liam , Upton Julia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe achievement of long‐lasting, safe treatments for food allergy is dependent on the understanding of the immunological basis of food allergy. Accurate diagnosis is essential for management. In recent years, data from oral food challenges have revealed that routine allergy testing is poor at predicting clinical allergy for tree nuts, almonds in particular. More advanced antigen‐based tests including component‐resolved diagnostics and epitope reactivity may lead to more accurate diagnosis and selection of therapeutic intervention. Additional diagnostic accuracy may come from cellular tests such as the basophil activation test or mast cell approaches. In the context of clinical trials, cellular tests have revealed specific T‐cell and B‐cell populations that are more abundant in food‐allergic individuals with distinct mechanistic features. Awareness of clinical markers, such as the ability to eat baked forms of milk and egg, continues to inform the understanding of natural tolerance development.Mouse models have allowed for investigation into multiple mechanisms of food allergy including modification of epithelial metabolism, and the induction of regulatory cell subsets and the microbiome. Increasing numbers of children who underwent food immunotherapy enlarged the body of evidence on mechanisms and predictors of treatment success. Experimental immunological markers in conjunction with clinical determinants such as lower age and lower initial specific IgE appear to be of benefit. More research on the optimal dose, preparation, and route of application integrating a high‐level safety and efficacy is demanded. Alternatively, biologics blocking TSLP, IL‐33, IL‐4 and IL‐13, or IgE may help to achieve that.
Experimental identification of cancer driver alterations in the era of pan‐cancer genomics
Authors: Korenjak Michael , Zavadil Jiri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRapidly accumulating data from large‐scale cancer genomics studies have been generating important information about genes and their somatic alterations underlying cell transformation, cancer onset and tumor progression. However, these events are usually defined by using computational techniques, whereas the understanding of their actual functional roles and impact typically warrants validation by experimental means. Critical information has been obtained from targeted genetic perturbation (gene knockout) studies conducted in animals, yet these investigations are cost‐prohibitive and time‐consuming. In addition, the 3R principles (replacement, reduction, refinement) have been set in place to reduce animal use burden and are increasingly observed in many areas of biomedical research. Consequently, the focus has shifted to new designs of innovative cell‐based experimental models of cell immortalization and transformation in which the critical cancer driver events can be introduced by mutagenic insult and studied functionally, at the level of critical phenotypic readouts. From these efforts, primary cell‐based selective barrier‐bypass models of cell immortalization have emerged as an attractive system that allows studies of the functional relevance of acquired mutations as well as their role as candidate cancer driver events. In this review, we provide an overview of various experimental systems linking carcinogen exposure‐driven cell transformation with the study of cancer driver events. We further describe the advantages and disadvantages of the currently available cell‐based models while outlining future directions for in vitro modeling and functional testing of cancer driver events.
Credit supply and capital structure adjustments
Authors: Rahman Shofiqur 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing the staggered deregulation of the U.S. banking industry as a series of exogenous shocks, I study the effect of the credit supply on the speed of capital structure adjustment. I find robust evidence that interstate and intrastate banking deregulation are positively associated with leverage adjustments. Specifically, the speeds of adjustment to target leverage are faster in the postderegulation periods. I also find that the positive effect is driven by firms that are financially constrained, are financially dependent on banks, and have less access to the public debt market and by deregulated banks’ ability to geographically diversify the credit risk.
Extending medical librarians’ competencies to enhance collection organisation
Authors: Bass Michelle B. , Allen Thea S. , Vanderpool Ariel , Capdarest‐Arest Nicole 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundLike many health library associations, the Medical Library Association (MLA) developed competencies guiding lifelong learning and competence for medical librarians. Medical librarians should be able to develop skills in identified areas. One MLA indicator of organising resources defines expert skill as the ability to develop classification and metadata schemes for unique collections.ObjectivesThis manuscript reviews available curricula for selected library programmes in the United States and Canada, along with professional development and informal opportunities for skill development to identify how medical librarians, who are not experts in cataloging or metadata and not employed as cataloging or metadata librarians, can progress in competency.MethodsThe authors reviewed library school and continuing education programming around metadata, along with answers from a pre‐existing informal poll regarding cataloging and metadata roles in health sciences libraries. Data were collected and examined using descriptive statistics.DiscussionGaps and opportunities for education around organising resources are discussed, including library school courses, formal continuing education opportunities and informal learning (e.g. peer support networks, on‐the‐job learning).ConclusionEducation in organising resources should be created throughout the educational journey of librarianship. Continuing educational opportunities in organising resources should be created by professional organisations that expect competency in this area.
Does computerized anaesthesia reduce pain during local anaesthesia in paediatric patients for dental treatment? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Smolarek Priscila de Camargo , Wambier Letícia M. , Siqueira Silva Leonardo , Chibinski Ana Cláudia Rodrigues 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis analysed whether pain and disruptive behaviour can be decreased by the use of computerized local dental anaesthesia (CDLA) in children. The literature was screened to select randomized clinical trials that compared computerized and conventional anaesthesia. The primary outcome was pain perception during anaesthesia; the secondary, disruptive behaviour. The risk of bias of individual papers and the quality of the evidence were evaluated. After search, 8389 records were found and 20 studies remained for the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. High heterogeneity was detected for both outcomes. For the pain perception, the overall analysis showed a standard mean difference of −0.78 (−1.31, −0.25) favouring CDLA; however, when only studies at low risk of bias were analysed (subgroup analysis), there was no difference between the two techniques [−0.12(−0.46, 0.22)]. For disruptive behaviour, no differences were detected for continuous [−0.26 (−0.68, 0.16)] or dichotomous data [0.81 (0.62, 1.06)]. The quality of evidence was judged as low for pain perception and very low for disruptive behaviour. It is concluded that there is no difference in the pain perception and disruptive behaviour in children subjected to computerized or conventional dental local anaesthesia. Notwithstanding, the quality of the available evidence is low.
Monetary policy and bubbles in US REITs
Authors: Caraiani Petre , Călin Adrian C. , Gupta Rangan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article, we analyze the effects of monetary policy on the bubbles in the Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) sector of the United States. We use a time‐varying vector autoregressive model over the quarterly period of 1972:1 to 2018:1. We find protracted periods, starting from the onset of the recent financial crisis to the end of the sample period, where contractionary monetary policy is associated with increases in the bubble component in the REITs of the US economy. This result, which is robust to alternative REITs indexes, is contrary to the “conventional” view, as well as to the predictions of standard models of bubbles.
Epidemiology and determinants of facial telangiectasia: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mekić S. , Hamer M.A. , Wigmann C. , Gunn D.A. , Kayser M. , Jacobs L.C. , Schikowski T. , Nijsten T. , Pardo L.M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTelangiectasia or red veins are one of the prominent features of facial skin ageing. To date, there are few studies investigating the determinants of telangiectasia.ObjectivesWe investigated lifestyle and physiological factors associated with facial telangiectasia in a large prospective Dutch cohort study.MethodsTelangiectasia was quantified digitally from standardized facial photographs of 2842 North European participants (56.8% female, median age 66.9) from the Rotterdam Study, collected in 2010–2013. Effect estimates from multivariable linear regressions are presented as the percentage difference in the mean value of telangiectasia area per unit increase of a determinant (%Δ) with corresponding 95% CI.ResultsSignificant determinants were older age [1.7%Δ per year (95% CI 1.4, 2.0)], female sex [18.3%Δ (95% CI 13.2, 23.6)], smoking [current versus never 38.4%Δ (95% CI 30.3, 47.0); former versus never 11.6%Δ (95% CI 6.6, 16.9)], a high susceptibility to sunburn [10.2%Δ (95% CI 5.4, 15.3)] and light skin colour [pale versus white‐to‐olive 31.4%Δ (95% CI 19.7, 44.1]; white vs. white‐to‐olive 9.2%Δ (95% CI 2.8, 16.0)].ConclusionsIn this large cohort study, we confirmed known and described new determinants of facial telangiectasia.
Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) birth mass and pup growth in periods with contrasting ice conditions in Svalbard, Norway
Authors: Kovacs Kit M. , Krafft Bjørn A. , Lydersen Christian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlobal climate warming has caused major reductions in sea ice in the Arctic, posing a serious threat to ice‐associated marine mammals. Herein, novel data on birth mass and pup growth rates over a 15‐year period (1993–2007; 10 years with growth data) are reported for bearded seals, as well as initial behavioral responses by this species to major, local declines in sea‐ice in Svalbard, Norway. In total, 205 pups were captured; 64 of which were recaptured, some repeatedly, producing 85 growth intervals for nursing pups. Average birth mass of pups was 37.1 ± 3.8 (SD) kg (range 33–47 kg, n = 25); birth mass before vs. after the sea ice collapse (2006 onward) were not found to differ. Pups grew at a rate of 3.0 ± 0.7 kg/day (1.8–4.8 kg/day, n = 64) during the nursing period. LME models suggest that ice concentration did not affect the growth rate of pups. Most females shifted from traditional first‐year ice floes to glacier‐ice pieces for birthing and nursing their young, following the regional sea ice collapse. However, retraction of tidal glaciers will likely eliminate this replacement birthing and nursing habitat for bearded seals in Svalbard in the coming decades.