Measurement of attenuation length of the muon content in extensive air showers from 0.3 to 30 PeV with LHAASO
Authors: Cao Zhen , Aharonian F. , Axikegu  , Bai Y. X. , Bao Y. W. , Bastieri D. , Bi X. J. , Bi Y. J. , Bian W. , Bukevich A. V. , Cao Q. , Cao W. Y. , Cao Zhe , Chang J. , Chang J. F. , Chen A. M. , Chen E. S. , Chen H. X. , Chen Liang , Chen Lin , Chen Long , Chen M. J. , Chen M. L. , Chen Q. H. , Chen S. , Chen S. H. , Chen S. Z. , Chen T. L. , Chen Y. , Cheng N. , Cheng Y. D. , Chu M. C. , Cui M. Y. , Cui S. W. , Cui X. H. , Cui Y. D. , Dai B. Z. , Dai H. L. , Dai Z. G. , Danzengluobu  , Dong X. Q. , Duan K. K. , Fan J. H. , Fan Y. Z. , Fang J. , Fang J. H. , Fang K. , Feng C. F. , Feng H. , Feng L. , Feng S. H. , Feng X. T. , Feng Y. , Feng Y. L. , Gabici S. , Gao B. , Gao C. D. , Gao Q. , Gao W. , Gao W. K. , Ge M. M. , Ge T. T. , Geng L. S. , Giacinti G. , Gong G. H. , Gou Q. B. , Gu M. H. , Guo F. L. , Guo J. , Guo X. L. , Guo Y. Q. , Guo Y. Y. , Han Y. A. , Hannuksela O. A. , Hasan M. , He H. H. , He H. N. , He J. Y. , He Y. , Hor Y. K. , Hou B. W. , Hou C. , Hou X. , Hu H. B. , Hu Q. , Hu S. C. , Huang C. , Huang D. H. , Huang T. Q. , Huang W. J. , Huang X. T. , Huang X. Y. , Huang Y. , Huang Y. Y. , Ji X. L. , Jia H. Y. , Jia K. , Jiang H. B. , Jiang K. , Jiang X. W. , Jiang Z. J. , Jin M. , Kang M. M. , Karpikov I. , Khangulyan D. , Kuleshov D. , Kurinov K. , Li B. B. , Li C. M. , Li Cheng , Li Cong , Li D. , Li F. , Li H. B. , Li H. C. , Li Jian , Li Jie , Li K. , Li S. D. , Li W. L. , Li W. L. , Li X. R. , Li Xin , Li Y. Z. , Li Zhe , Li Zhuo , Liang E. W. , Liang Y. F. , Lin S. J. , Liu B. , Liu C. , Liu D. , Liu D. B. , Liu H. , Liu H. D. , Liu J. , Liu J. L. , Liu M. Y. , Liu R. Y. , Liu S. M. , Liu W. , Liu Y. , Liu Y. N. , Luo Q. , Luo Y. , Lv H. K. , Ma B. Q. , Ma L. L. , Ma X. H. , Mao J. R. , Min Z. , Mitthumsiri W. , Mu H. J. , Nan Y. C. , Neronov A. , Ng K. C. Y. , Ou L. J. , Pattarakijwanich P. , Pei Z. Y. , Qi J. C. , Qi M. Y. , Qiao B. Q. , Qin J. J. , Raza A. , Ruffolo D. , Sáiz A. , Saeed M. , Semikoz D. , Shao L. , Shchegolev O. , Sheng X. D. , Shu F. W. , Song H. C. , Stenkin Yu. V. , Stepanov V. , Su Y. , Sun D. X. , Sun Q. N. , Sun X. N. , Sun Z. B. , Takata J. , Tam P. H. T. , Tang Q. W. , Tang R. , Tang Z. B. , Tian W. W. , Wan L. H. , Wang C. , Wang C. B. , Wang G. W. , Wang H. G. , Wang H. H. , Wang J. C. , Wang Kai , Wang Kai , Wang L. P. , Wang L. Y. , Wang P. H. , Wang R. , Wang W. , Wang X. G. , Wang X. Y. , Wang Y. , Wang Y. D. , Wang Y. J. , Wang Z. H. , Wang Z. X. , Wang Zhen , Wang Zheng , Wei D. M. , Wei J. J. , Wei Y. J. , Wen T. , Wu C. Y. , Wu H. R. , Wu Q. W. , Wu S. , Wu X. F. , Wu Y. S. , Xi S. Q. , Xia J. , Xiang G. M. , Xiao D. X. , Xiao G. , Xin Y. L. , Xing Y. , Xiong D. R. , Xiong Z. , Xu D. L. , Xu R. F. , Xu R. X. , Xu W. L. , Xue L. , Yan D. H. , Yan J. Z. , Yan T. , Yang C. W. , Yang C. Y. , Yang F. , Yang F. F. , Yang L. L. , Yang M. J. , Yang R. Z. , Yang W. X. , Yao Y. H. , Yao Z. G. , Yin L. Q. , Yin N. , You X. H. , You Z. Y. , Yu Y. H. , Yuan Q. , Yue H. , Zeng H. D. , Zeng T. X. , Zeng W. , Zha M. , Zhang B. B. , Zhang F. , Zhang H. , Zhang H. M. , Zhang H. Y. , Zhang J. L. , Zhang Li , Zhang P. F. , Zhang P. P. , Zhang R. , Zhang S. B. , Zhang S. R. , Zhang S. S. , Zhang X. , Zhang X. P. , Zhang Y. F. , Zhang Yi , Zhang Yong , Zhao B. , Zhao J. , Zhao L. , Zhao L. Z. , Zhao S. P. , Zhao X. H. , Zheng F. , Zhong W. J. , Zhou B. , Zhou H. , Zhou J. N. , Zhou M. , Zhou P. , Zhou R. , Zhou X. X. , Zhou X. X. , Zhu B. Y. , Zhu C. G. , Zhu F. R. , Zhu H. , Zhu K. J. , Zou Y. C. , Zuo X. ,   LHAASO Collaboration
Published: November 2024

The attenuation length of the muon content in extensive air showers provides important information regarding the generation and development of air showers. This information can be used not only to improve the description of such showers but also to test fundamental models of hadronic interactions. Using data from the LHAASO-KM2A experiment, the development of the muon content in high-energy air showers was studied. The attenuation length of muon content in the air showers was measured from experimental data in the energy range from 0.3 to 30 PeV using the constant intensity cut method. By comparing the attenuation length of the muon content with predictions from high-energy hadronic interaction models (-II-04, 2.3d, and -), it is evident that LHAASO results are significantly shorter than those predicted by the first two models (-II-04 and 2.3d) but relatively close to those predicted by the third model (-). Thus, the LHAASO data favor the - model over the other two models. The three interaction models confirmed an increasing trend in the attenuation length as the cosmic-ray energy increases.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024