bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does earlier arrival of the retrieval team improve short‐term outcomes in outborn extremely premature infants?
Authors: Sharpe Janet B , Davies Mark W 
Published: May 2018

AimThe risk of mortality and morbidity is increased in outborn, extremely premature infants. We aim to determine whether earlier arrival of the retrieval team after the birth of infants less than 29 weeks gestation improves short‐term mortality and morbidity.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of a cohort of infants less than 29 weeks gestation who were retrieved to the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (RBWH) over a 5‐year period. Demographic information regarding the infant and mother, retrieval team arrival time and outcome data was collected. Primary outcomes investigated were mortality prior to discharge from hospital or a composite of mortality or severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH).ResultsData on 105 infants were analysed; 88 infants (83.8%) survived to discharge home, and 79 (75.2%) survived to discharge without severe IVH. On univariate analysis, there was no significant association between age at arrival of the retrieval team and death prior to discharge (P = 0.94) or death prior to discharge or severe IVH (P = 0.83). On logistic regression analysis, age at arrival of retrieval team remained non‐significant for a reduction in death prior to discharge and composite of death or severe IVH (P = 0.70 and P = 0.99, respectively).ConclusionThe earlier arrival of the retrieval team is not associated with improved short‐term outcomes in outborn, extremely preterm infants who are retrieved and admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit – for infants where the retrieval team arrived within about 8 h of birth.
Antiarrhythmic effect linked to melatonin cardiorenal protection involves AT1 reduction and Hsp70‐VDR increase
Authors: Prado Natalia Jorgelina , Casarotto Mariana , Calvo Juan Pablo , Mazzei Luciana , Ponce Zumino Amira Zulma , García Isabel Mercedes , Cuello‐Carrión Fernando Darío , Fornés Miguel Walter , Ferder León , Diez Emiliano Raúl , Manucha Walter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLethal ventricular arrhythmias increase in patients with chronic kidney disease that suffer an acute coronary event. Chronic kidney disease induces myocardial remodeling, oxidative stress, and arrhythmogenesis. A manifestation of the relationship between kidney and heart is the concomitant reduction in vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the increase in angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1). Melatonin has renal and cardiac protective actions. One potential mechanism is the increase in the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70)—an antioxidant factor. We aim to determine the mechanisms involved in melatonin (Mel) prevention of kidney damage and arrhythmogenic heart remodeling. Unilateral ureteral‐obstruction (UUO) and sham‐operated rats were treated with either melatonin (4 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 15 days. Hearts and kidneys from obstructed rats showed a reduction in VDR and Hsp70. Associated with AT1 up‐regulation in the kidneys and the heart of UUO rats also increased oxidative stress, fibrosis, apoptosis, mitochondrial edema, and dilated crests. Melatonin prevented these changes and ventricular fibrillation during reperfusion. The action potential lengthened and hyperpolarized in melatonin‐treated rats throughout the experiment. We conclude that melatonin prevents renal damage and arrhythmogenic myocardial remodeling during unilateral ureteral obstruction due to a decrease in oxidative stress/fibrosis/apoptosis associated with AT1 reduction and Hsp70‐VDR increase.
Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor promotes immunomodulation to inhibit bone resorption
Authors: Napimoga M. H. , Rocha E. P. , Trindade‐da‐Silva C. A. , Demasi A. P. D. , Martinez E. F. , Macedo C. G. , Abdalla H. B. , Bettaieb A. , Haj F. G. , Clemente‐Napimoga J. T. , Inceoglu B. , Hammock B. D. 
Published: May 2018

Background and ObjectiveSoluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an enzyme in the arachidonate cascade which converts epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) produced by cytochrome P450 enzymes, to dihydroxy‐eicosatrienoic acids. In the last 20 years with the development of inhibitors to sEH it has been possible to increase the levels of EETs and other EpFAs in in vivo models. Recently, studies have shown that EETs play a key role in blocking inflammation in a bone resorption process, but the mechanism is not clear. In the current study we used the sEH inhibitor (1‐trifluoromethoxyphenyl‐3‐(1‐propionylpiperidin‐4‐yl) urea [TPPU]) to investigate the immunomodulatory effects in a mouse periodontitis model.Material and MethodsMice were infected on days 0, 2, and 4 with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and divided into groups (n = 6) that were treated orally, daily for 15 days, with 1 mg/kg of TPPU. Then, the mice were killed and their jaws were analyzed for bone resorption using morphometry. Immunoinflammatory markers in the gingival tissue were analyzed by microarray PCR or western blotting.ResultsInfected mice treated with TPPU showed lower bone resorption than infected mice without treatment. Interestingly, infected mice showed increased expression of sEH; however, mice treated with TPPU had a reduction in expression of sEH. Besides, several proinflammatory cytokines and molecular markers were downregulated in the gingival tissue in the group treated with 1 mg/kg of TPPU.ConclusionThe sEH inhibitor, TPPU, showed immunomodulatory effects, decreasing bone resorption and inflammatory responses in a bone resorption mouse model.
The epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections in China from 2004 to 2014: An observational population‐based study
Authors: Liu Z. , Yang Q. , Shi O. , Ye W. , Chen X. , Zhang T. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryViral hepatitis is a major public health concern in China, but data on national epidemiological characteristics are lacking. We collected reporting incidence data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in China from 2004 to 2014. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was performed to accurately describe the reporting incidence trends of HBV and HCV. A mathematical model was used to estimate the relative change in incidence across provinces and age groups. Nationwide, a total of 916 426 hepatitis B cases and 39 381 hepatitis C cases were recorded in 2004; the reporting incidences of HBV and HCV were 70.50/100 000 and 3.03/100 000, respectively. The overall relative changes in HBV and HCV reporting incidences in China from 2004 to 2014 were 0.98 (95% CI 0.96‐1.00, P = .082) and 1.16 (95% CI 1.12‐1.20, P < .001), respectively. Thirteen provinces experienced decline in HBV reporting incidence. Most provinces exhibited an increasing trend in HCV reporting incidence. People aged ≤24 displayed a significant descending trend in HBV reporting incidence; people aged ≥55 exhibited a significant increasing trend. For HCV infection, the reporting incidence increased in all age groups except the 10‐14 age group. In China, the majority of provinces have experienced decline or remained stable in HBV infection but show significant increases in HCV infection. Children and adolescents are well protected from HBV infection, while relatively higher increasing rates are found among older people. HCV is much more prevalent among older people, although its emergence has shifted to younger age groups.
Association between bedtime and the prevalence of newly diagnosed non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults
Authors: Wang Honglei , Gu Yeqing , Zheng Lixiao , Liu Li , Meng Ge , Wu Hongmei , Xia Yang , Bao Xue , Shi Hongbin , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Zhang Qing , Niu Kaijun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsEmerging evidence supported that circadian clocks played an important role in the development and progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Bedtime is a strong regulator of circadian rhythms, implying that it may contribute to the onset of NAFLD. However, few studies have examined the association between bedtime and NAFLD. The purpose of the study was to determine whether late bedtime is associated with newly diagnosed NAFLD in an adult population.MethodsThis population‐based study was performed in 22 807 participants in Tianjin, China. Bedtime was obtained from a self‐administered questionnaire, and NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Odds ratios of NAFLD for bedtime categories were estimated with multiple logistic regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD was 18.8% in the present study. After adjustment for the potential confounders, compared with the reference group (bedtime ≤22:00), the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of NAFLD were 1.18 (1.05‐1.32) and 1.42 (1.21‐1.68) for bedtime from 22:00 to 24:00 and ≥24:00, respectively.ConclusionLate bedtime was slightly but significantly associated with an increased prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD, independently of confounding factors. It is suggested that early bedtime may be beneficial in preventing NAFLD.
Long‐term, spatial marine harvest intensity as an indicator of human impact on shallow rocky reef ecosystems
Authors: Zellmer Amanda J. , Claisse Jeremy T. , Williams Chelsea M. , Pondella Daniel J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs human activities continue to expand globally, there will be increased need to incorporate the impacts of these activities into ecological studies for a holistic understanding of ecosystems. Within the Southern California Bight, as in other highly productive marine ecosystems, fishing has long contributed to the ecology and evolution of marine fish and invertebrate communities. As fishing varies across space and over time, there is a need for a reliable metric that quantifies the spatiotemporal variation in the impact of fishing. Here, we quantify an index of harvest intensity on the highly productive and heavily fished, shallow rocky reefs of Southern California. To this end, we take advantage of two long‐term, spatially explicit, multi‐species datasets collected by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife on commercial and recreational marine harvest, combined with reef‐species survey data and a geospatial reef data layer. Using this approach, we recover predictable patterns for harvest intensity across the Southern California Bight, with harvest intensity decreasing in fishing blocks located at greater distances from the nearest port. Further, our results indicate an important interaction effect between distance to nearest port and year on harvest intensity, suggesting there are important shifts in spatiotemporal patterns over the 30‐year time period. As fishing can have numerous impacts on ecological and evolutionary processes, the observed spatiotemporal variation in harvest intensity illustrates the need for incorporating the contribution of human impacts into marine ecosystem studies.
Modern Russian society in the context of anthroposocietal approach
Authors: MARTYNOVA SVETLANA 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSocial activities define the place of a person in the society. Even small population groups contribute to social changes of an active and independent actor‐individual in postindustrial society. Therefore, the work is relevant and rather interesting for research. The main objective of the work is research of the Tomsk Region from the perspective of an anthroposocietal approach. To achieve this objective, the author used interviews requiring close contact with respondents. In this work, questionnaires were applied as one of the components of interviewing. The sociological survey was conducted among the inhabitants of Tomsk and Seversk. The author found that men were more independent. It was also found that the value transformations were mostly motivated by the global trends. Considering the fact that the shift toward anthroposocietality (commonality of human being‐in‐the‐world) is the global trend, the data of Tomsk Region may be interesting to other scientists for conducting comparative researches.
Gene editing of stem cells for kidney disease modelling and therapeutic intervention
Authors: Lau Ricky WK , Wang Bo , Ricardo Sharon D 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTRecent developments in targeted gene editing have paved the way for the wide adoption of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐associated protein‐9 nucleases (Cas9) as an RNA‐guided molecular tool to modify the genome of eukaryotic cells of animals. Theoretically, the translation of CRISPR‐Cas9 can be applied to the treatment of inherited or acquired kidney disease, kidney transplantation and genetic corrections of somatic cells from kidneys with inherited mutations, such as polycystic kidney disease. Human pluripotent stem cells have been used to generate an unlimited source of kidney progenitor cells or, when spontaneously differentiated into three‐dimensional kidney organoids, to model kidney organogenesis or the pathogenesis of disease. Gene editing now allows for the tagging and selection of specific kidney cell types or disease‐specific gene knock in/out, which enables more precise understanding of kidney organogenesis and genetic diseases. This review discusses the mechanisms of action, in addition to the advantages and disadvantages, of the three major gene editing technologies, namely, CRISPR‐Cas9, zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator‐like effector nucleases. The implications of using gene editing to better understand kidney disease is reviewed in detail. In addition, the ethical issues of gene editing, which could be easily neglected in the modern, fast‐paced research environment, are highlighted.
TGF‐β1 alters DNA methylation levels in promoter and enhancer regions of the WT1 gene in human podocytes
Authors: Hamatani Hiroko , Sakairi Toru , Ikeuchi Hidekazu , Kaneko Yoriaki , Maeshima Akito , Nojima Yoshihisa , Hiromura Keiju 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAimWilms’ tumour 1 (WT1) is essential for normal podocyte function. Previous reports have demonstrated that the WT1 promoter is often methylated in cancers, leading to transcriptional silencing. Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is reported to down‐regulate WT1 expression in podocytes. Based on the hypothesis that epigenetic modification plays a role in this process, we examined whether TGF‐β1 affects the methylation status of WT1 regulatory regions.MethodsConditional immortalized human podocytes were treated with TGF‐β1. A human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK2), which does not express WT1, was used as a control. The degree of DNA methylation of the WT1 promoter, 5′ enhancer, intron 3 enhancer and 3′ enhancer was determined using quantitative methylation‐specific PCR, bisulfite sequencing and pyrosequencing.ResultsBoth WT1 mRNA and protein expression were reduced by long‐term treatment with TGF‐β1. The WT1 promoter was hypomethylated, and the 5′ enhancer and intron 3 enhancer were substantially methylated in untreated podocytes. In contrast, in HK2 cells, the WT1 promoter was strongly methylated, and the 5′ enhancer and intron 3 enhancer were less methylated than in untreated podocytes. TGF‐β1 tended to increase WT1 promoter methylation, tended to decrease 5′ enhancer methylation and significantly decreased intron 3 enhancer methylation in podocytes. Methylation levels of the 3′ enhancer did not differ among untreated cells, TGF‐β1‐treated podocytes or HK2 cells.ConclusionOur data suggest that the methylation pattern of the WT1 promoter and enhancers in human podocytes are distinctive from those in HK2. Furthermore, TGF‐β1 alters the methylation levels of the WT1 promoter and enhancers in human podocytes. This modification may be relevant to the attenuation of WT1 by TGF‐β1, which could contribute to podocyte injury.
Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and their genomes: another side to the mycorrhizal symbiosis?
Authors: Perotto Silvia , Daghino Stefania , Martino Elena 
Published: May 2018

Contents

Summary
1141

I.
Introduction
1141

II.
The ericoid mycorrhizal lifestyle
1141

III.
Lessons from the mycorrhizal fungal genomes
1142

IV.
ERM fungi: a discordant voice in the mycorrhizal choir
1143

V.
An endophytic niche for ERM fungi
1144

VI.
Specialised vs unspecialised mycorrhizal fungi?
1145

VII.
Conclusions and perspectives
1145

Acknowledgements
1146

References
1146

SummaryThe genome of an organism bears the signature of its lifestyle, and organisms with similar life strategies are expected to share common genomic traits. Indeed, ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi share some genomic traits, such as the expansion of gene families encoding taxon‐specific small secreted proteins, which are candidate effectors in the symbiosis, and a very small repertoire of plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes. A large gene family coding for candidate effectors was also revealed in ascomycetous ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi, but these fungal genomes are characterised by a very high number of genes encoding degradative enzymes, mainly acting on plant cell wall components. We suggest that the genomic signature of ERM fungi mirrors a versatile life strategy, which allows them to occupy several ecological niches.
Evaluation of anesthesia in endoscopic strip craniectomy: A review of 121 patients
Authors: Arts Sebastian , Delye Hans , van Lindert Erik J. , Blok Laura , Borstlap Wilfred , Driessen Jacques 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative anesthetic parameters in endoscopic strip craniectomy in order to improve anesthesiological care.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective patient cohort study of our first 121 patients treated by endoscopic strip craniectomy. Preoperative as well as intra‐ and postoperative anesthesiological and neurological parameters were analyzed. Furthermore, the need for intensive care unit admission, blood loss, and blood transfusion rate were measured.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 3.9 months (standard deviation = 1) at a mean weight of 6.3 kg (standard deviation = 1.3). Comorbidity was registered in 13 (11%) patients of which 5 had syndrome‐related comorbidities. Mean duration of anesthesia was 131 minutes (standard deviation = 32) . One hundred and sixteen patients were induced by mask induction with sevoflurane and 5 patients were induced intravenously. In 10 patients, mild intraoperative hypothermia (between 35 and 36 degrees Celsius) occurred. The mean estimated blood loss was 35.4 mL (standard deviation = 28.9) and blood transfusion rate was 21.5%. Brief and small intraoperative oxygen saturation drops were common during this study. No indication for venous air embolism was found based on endtidal CO2. Postoperative temperature above 38 degrees Celsius occurred 16 times and benign deviations in postoperative cardiopulmonary parameters occurred in 17 patients. Postoperative pain management was mainly established by paracetamol and low‐dose morphine when necessary. No postoperative neurological symptoms were reported and no deaths occurred.ConclusionThese patients had a relatively short intraoperative course with stable vital parameters during surgery. We report a low incidence of significant venous air embolism, a blood transfusion rate of 21% and only minor perioperative disturbances in vital parameters.
Contrasting nutrient–disease relationships: Potassium gradients in barley leaves have opposite effects on two fungal pathogens with different sensitivities to jasmonic acid
Authors: Davis Jayne L. , Armengaud Patrick , Larson Tony R. , Graham Ian A. , White Philip J. , Newton Adrian C. , Amtmann Anna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions between mineral nutrition and disease is essential for crop management. Our previous studies with Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that potassium (K) deprivation induced the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and increased the plant's resistance to herbivorous insects. Here, we addressed the question of how tissue K affects the development of fungal pathogens and whether sensitivity of the pathogens to JA could play a role for the K–disease relationship in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Optic). We report that K‐deprived barley plants showed increased leaf concentrations of JA and other oxylipins. Furthermore, a natural tip‐to‐base K‐concentration gradient within leaves of K‐sufficient plants was quantitatively mirrored by the transcript levels of JA‐responsive genes. The local leaf tissue K concentrations affected the development of two economically important fungi in opposite ways, showing a positive correlation with powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and a negative correlation with leaf scald (Rhynchosporium commune) disease symptoms. B. graminis induced a JA response in the plant and was sensitive to methyl‐JA treatment whereas R. commune initiated no JA response and was JA insensitive. Our study challenges the view that high K generally improves plant health and suggests that JA sensitivity of pathogens could be an important factor in determining the exact K–disease relationship.
When the Street Disappears: Eminent Domain, Redevelopment, and the Dissociative State
Authors: Snajdr Edward , Trinch Shonna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this article, we examine how the state of New York and a private developer deployed eminent domain, or the seizing of private property by the government, in order to build the Atlantic Yards/Pacific Park project in Brooklyn, NY. We use ethnography to examine how the state operated in partnership with the developer through neoliberalizing discursive practices that allowed it to dissociate itself from the assertion of its governing power. In this dissociative context, the state successfully implemented eminent domain in the absence of street‐level bureaucrats, relying instead on the creation of multiple publics, on the ambiguity of public–private partnerships, and, ironically, on the efforts of activists who fought the project. In addition to facilitating the seizure of land, this relationship between the state and the developer imposed the logic of neoliberal for‐profit development, espousing the creation of a public good for certain types of publics to the exclusion of others and creating a discourse wherein arguments against it seemed almost impossible.
She's Come Undone: Parsi Women's Property and Propriety under the Law
Authors: Vevaina Leilah 
Published: May 2018

AbstractParsis (Indian Zoroastrians), like many religious groups, manage their ritual spaces and funds with charitable trusts. High numbers of intermarriage have caused much debate over who counts as a Parsi within the community, and more attention is being paid to women and their rights of access. After a local trust in Valsad, Gujarat, barred intermarried women from entering Zoroastrian sacred spaces, Goolrukh Gupta, an intermarried Parsi woman, sued her trust in the high court. It ruled that Gupta was no longer a Parsi but a Hindu, like her husband, even though she had married under the Special Marriage Act of 1954, which enables civil marriage. Offering fresh insight into debates on the politics of recognition and the potentialities and pitfalls for women who appeal to the law to secure their communal rights, I argue that the mechanism of the trust allows the analysis of the two distinct but not separable notions of property and propriety. I analyze how the communal trust in India propertizes married women's legal and religious personhood. This article reveals how Indian women's composition as communal subjects as well as some aspirations of Indian secularism come undone.