bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical model for prediction of droplet sizes and distribution associated with impact of liquid-containing projectile
Authors: Shelke A. V. , Gera B. , Maheshwari N. K. , Singh R. K. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
After the events of 9/11, the impact of fast flying commercial aircraft is considered as major hazard threatening the Nuclear Power Plant's (NPP) safety. The study of fuel spillage phenomenon and fireball formation is important to understand fire hazards due to burning of dispersed aviation fuel. The detailed analysis of fuel dispersion is very difficult to deliberate because both, large NPP structures and the large size of commercial aircrafts. Sandia National Laboratories, USA conducted impact tests using cylindrical projectiles filled with water to measure the associated parameters. Due to combustion properties and volatile nature of hydrocarbon fuels, the obtained parameters from impact studies using water are incomplete in fire analysis of flammable droplet clouds. A mathematical model is developed for prediction of droplet sizes and distribution associated with the impact of a liquid-containing projectile. The model can predict the transient behavior of droplet cloud. It is validated with experimental data available in literature. In the present study, the analysis has been performed using water and kerosene. The data obtained can be utilized as boundary and initial condition for CFD analysis. This information is useful for fire hazard analysis of aircraft impacts on NPP structures.
Evaluation of Serum Thyrotropin and Urinary Protein level among Pre-eclamptic Pregnancies
Authors: Begum Nasrin , Shah Kabiruzzaman , Ahmed Parvez 
Published: March 2018

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was done to evaluate serum thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH) and urinary protein level among preeclamptic pregnancies.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This study was conducted at the Institute of Nuclear medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajshahi along with Department of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi during the period between 1<sup>st</sup> July, 2011 and 31<sup>st</sup> June, 2013.Total 66 preeclamptic pregnant patients who were referred for the assay of serum thyrotropin hormone level were included as sample under the basis of non-random purposive sampling technique. Their age, urinary protein level and level of serum thyrotropin hormone were recorded and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Among the total enrolled preeclamptic pregnant patients (n=66), Mean (± SD) age was 27 ± 3.88 years (range=19 to 35 years). Regarding urinary protein level, 26 (39.39 %) patients had 1+ urinary protein level and 40 (60.61%) patients had ≥ 2+ urinary protein level. Serum thyrotropin level was 6.16 ± 0.85 (mean ± SD) among total 66 patients. Among the preeclamptic pregnant patients having 1+ urinary protein level, thyrotropin level was 5.38 ± 0.70 (mean ± SD) and 6.67 ± 0.49 (mean ± SD) among the patients having ≥ 2+ urinary protein level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thyrotropin level is higher in preeclamptic pregnant patients and reflects severity of preeclampsia.</p><p>Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 19(2): 120-122, July 2016</p>
Validation and Initial Characterization of the Long-period Planet Kepler-1654 b
Authors: Beichman C. A. , Giles H. A. C. , Akeson R. , Ciardi D. , Christiansen J. , Isaacson H. , Marcy G. M. , Sinukoff E. , Greene T. , Fortney J. J. , Crossfield I. , Hu R. , Howard A. W. , Petigura E. A. , Knutson H. A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Fewer than 20 transiting Kepler planets have periods longer than one year. Our early search of the Kepler light curves revealed one such system, Kepler-1654b (originally KIC 8410697b), which shows exactly two transit events and whose second transit occurred only five days before the failure of the second of two reaction wheels brought the primary Kepler mission to an end. A number of authors have also examined light curves from the Kepler mission searching for long-period planets and identified this candidate. Starting in 2014 September, we began an observational program of imaging, reconnaissance spectroscopy, and precision radial velocity (RV) measurements that confirm with a high degree of confidence that Kepler-1654b is a bona fide transiting planet orbiting a mature G5V star (T
eff = 5580 K, [Fe/H] = −0.08) with a semimajor axis of 2.03 au, a period of 1047.84 days, and a radius of 0.82 ± 0.02 R
Jup. RV measurements using Keck’s HIRES spectrometer obtained over 2.5 years set a limit to the planet’s mass of <0.5 (3σ) M
Jup. The bulk density of the planet is similar to that of Saturn or possibly lower. We assess the suitability of temperate gas giants like Kepler-1654b for transit spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope, as their relatively cold equilibrium temperatures (T
pl ∼ 200 K) make them interesting from the standpoint of exoplanet atmospheric physics. Unfortunately, these low temperatures also make the atmospheric scale heights small and thus transmission spectroscopy challenging. Finally, the long time between transits can make scheduling JWST observations difficult—as is the case with Kepler-1654b.
Chaotic Excitation and Tidal Damping in the GJ 876 System
Authors: Puranam Abhijit , Batygin Konstantin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The M-dwarf GJ 876 is the closest known star to harbor a multi-planetary system. With three outer planets locked in a chaotic Laplace-type resonance and an appreciably eccentric short-period super-Earth, this system represents a unique exposition of extrasolar planetary dynamics. A key question that concerns the long-term evolution of this system, and the fate of close-in planets in general, is how the significant eccentricity of the inner-most planet is maintained against tidal circularization on timescales comparable to the age of the universe. Here, we employ stochastic secular perturbation theory and N-body simulations to show that the orbit of the inner-most planet is shaped by a delicate balance between extrinsic chaotic forcing and tidal dissipation. As such, the planet’s orbital eccentricity represents an indirect measure of its tidal quality factor. Based on the system’s present-day architecture, we estimate that the extrasolar super-Earth GJ 876 d has a tidal Q ∼ 104–105, a value characteristic of solar system gas giants.
Storm in a Teacup: X-Ray View of an Obscured Quasar and Superbubble
Authors: Lansbury George B. , Jarvis Miranda E. , Harrison Chris M. , Alexander David M. , Moro Agnese Del , Edge Alastair C. , Mullaney James R. , Thomson Alasdair P. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present the X-ray properties of the “Teacup AGN” (SDSS J1430+1339), a z = 0.085 type 2 quasar that is interacting dramatically with its host galaxy. Spectral modeling of the central quasar reveals a powerful, highly obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) with a column density of N
H = (4.2–6.5) × 1023 cm−2 and an intrinsic luminosity of L
2–10 keV = (0.8–1.4) × 1044 erg s−1. The current high bolometric luminosity inferred (L
bol ≈1045–1046 erg s−1) has ramifications for previous interpretations of the Teacup as a fading/dying quasar. High-resolution Chandra imaging data reveal a ≈10 kpc loop of X-ray emission, cospatial with the “eastern bubble” previously identified in luminous radio and ionized gas (e.g., [O iii] line) emission. The X-ray emission from this structure is in good agreement with a shocked thermal gas, with T = (4–8) × 106 K, and there is evidence for an additional hot component with T ≳ 3 × 107 K. Although the Teacup is a radiatively dominated AGN, the estimated ratio between the bubble power and the X-ray luminosity is in remarkable agreement with observations of ellipticals, groups, and clusters of galaxies undergoing AGN feedback.
The Binary Dwarf Carbon Star SDSS J125017.90+252427.6
Authors: Margon Bruce , Kupfer Thomas , Burdge Kevin , Prince Thomas A. , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Shupe David L. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Although dwarf carbon (dC) stars are universally thought to be binaries in order to explain the presence of C
2 in their spectra while still near main-sequence luminosity, direct observational evidence for their binarity is remarkably scarce. Here, we report the detection of a 2.92 day periodicity in both the photometry and radial velocity of SDSS J125017.90+252427.6, an r = 16.4 dC star. This is the first photometric binary dC, and only the second dC spectroscopic binary. The relative phase of the photometric period to the spectroscopic observations suggests that the photometric variations are a reflection effect due to heating from an unseen companion. The observed radial velocity amplitude of the dC component (K = 98.8 ± 10.7 km s−1) is consistent with a white dwarf companion, presumably the evolved star that earlier donated the carbon to the dC, although substantial orbital evolution must have occurred. Large synoptic photometric surveys such as the Palomar Transient Factory, which was used for this work, may prove useful for identifying binaries among the shorter-period dC stars.
Choroidal Vascularity Index in Retinitis Pigmentosa: An OCT Study
Authors: Tan Roy , Agrawal Rupesh , Taduru Swathi , Gupta Arushi , Vupparaboina Kiran , Chhablani Jay 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate structural changes in the choroid of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A prospective study was conducted comparing 35 eyes of 35 patients with RP and 26 eyes of 26 normal patients. OCT images of the choroid were binarized into luminal and stromal areas to derive choroidal vascularity index (CVI). Subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) was also measured and compared.

RESULTS:

There was a significant decrease in the mean CVI among eyes with RP as compared to normal eyes (56.91 ± 1.43% vs. 59.47 ± 1.55%;
P
< .0001). Mean subfoveal CT was significantly greater in eyes with RP as compared to normal eyes (262.82 μm ± 69.69 μm vs. 194.65 μm ± 23.55 μm;
P
< .0001).

CONCLUSION:
Patients with RP showed a significant reduction in CVI and an increase in CT as compared to normal eyes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:191–197.]
Towards an advanced cell-based in vitro glioma model system
Authors: Mikhailova Valeriia , Gulaia Valeriia , Tiasto Vladlena , Rybtsov Stanislav , Yatsunskaya Margarita , Kagansky Alexander 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe modulation of tumor growth and development in vitro has always been one of the key factors in the research of the malignant transformation, including gliomas, prevalent and most deadly cancers of the brain. Indeed, cellular and molecular biology research employing in vitro model cell-based systems have great potential to advance both the mechanistic understanding and the treatment of human glial tumors, as it facilitates not only the understanding of glioma biology and its regulatory mechanisms Additionally they promise to afford the screening of the putative anti-tumor agents and alternative treatment approaches in a personalized manner, i.e. by virtue of using the patient-derived tumor material for such tests. However, in order to become reliable and representative, glioma model systems need to move towards including most inherent cancer features such as local hypoxia, specific genetic aberrations, native tumor microenvironment, and the three-dimensional extracellular matrix.This review starts with a brief introduction on the general epidemiological and molecular characteristics of gliomas followed by an overview of the cell-based in vitro models currently used in glioma research. As a conclusion, we suggest approaches to move to innovative cell-based in vitro glioma models. We consider that main criteria for selecting these approaches should include the adequate resemblance to the key in vivo characteristics, robustness, cost-effectiveness and ease to use, as well as the amenability to high throughput handling to allow the standardized drug screening.
The Use of the Duality Principle to Solve Optimization Problems
Authors: Ekeocha Rowland Jerry  Okechukwu , Uzor Chukwunedum , Anetor Clement 
Published: March 2018

<p><span>The duality principle provides that optimization problems may be viewed from either of two perspectives, the primal problem or the dual problem. The solution to the dual problem provides a lower bound to the solution of the primal (minimization) problem. However the optimal values of the primal and dual problems need not be equal. Their difference is called the duality gap. For convex optimization problems, the duality gap is zero under a constraint qualification condition.<span> </span>In other words given any linear program, there is another related linear program called the dual. In this paper, an understanding of the dual linear program will be developed. This understanding will give important insights into the algorithm and solution of optimization problem in linear programming. <span> </span>Thus the main concepts of duality will be explored by the solution of simple optimization problem.</span></p>
Development, Homeostasis, and Functions of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
Authors: Van Kaer Luc , Olivares-Villagómez Danyvid 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The intestine is continuously exposed to commensal microorganisms, food, and environmental agents and also serves as a major portal of entry for many pathogens. A critical defense mechanism against microbial invasion in the intestine is the single layer of epithelial cells that separates the gut lumen from the underlying tissues. The barrier function of the intestinal epithelium is supported by cells and soluble factors of the intestinal immune system. Chief among them are intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs), which are embedded in the intestinal epithelium and represent one of the single largest populations of lymphocytes in the body. Compared with lymphocytes in other parts of the body, iIELs exhibit unique phenotypic, developmental, and functional properties that reflect their key roles in maintaining the intestinal epithelial barrier. In this article, we review the biology of iIELs in supporting normal health and how their dysregulation can contribute to disease.
Optimal inflation target: insights from an agent-based model
Authors: Bouchaud Jean-Philippe , Gualdi Stanislao , Tarzia Marco , Zamponi Francesco 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Which level of inflation should Central Banks be targeting? The authors investigate this issue in the context of a simplified Agent Based Model of the economy. Depending on the value of the parameters that describe the behaviour of agents (in particular inflation anticipations), they find a rich variety of behaviour at the macro-level. Without any active monetary policy, our ABM economy can be in a high inflation/high output state, or in a low inflation/low output state. Hyper-inflation, deflation and “business cycles” between coexisting states are also found. The authors then introduce a Central Bank with a Taylor rule-based inflation target, and study the resulting aggregate variables. The main result is that too-low inflation targets are in general detrimental to a CB-monitored economy. One symptom is a persistent under-realization of inflation, perhaps similar to the current macroeconomic situation. Higher inflation targets are found to improve both unemployment and negative interest rate episodes. The results are compared with the predictions of the standard DSGE model.
Construction and Characterization of an Indoor Smog Chamber
for the Measurement of the Optical and Physicochemical
Properties of Aging Biomass Burning Aerosols Native to sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Smith Damon M. , Fiddler Marc N. , Sexton Kenneth G. , Bililign Solomon 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We describe here the construction and characterization of a new smog chamber facility (NCAT chamber) for studying the chemical and optical properties of biomass burning (BB) aerosols from biomass fuels native to sub-Saharan Africa. This facility is comprised of a ~9 m3 fluorinated ethylene propylene film (FEP) reactor placed in a temperature-controlled room and coupled with a cavity ring-down spectrometer, nephelometer, condensation particle counter, differential mobility analyzer and other analytical instruments, such as NOX and O3 analyzers, a GC, a filter sampler, and an impinger for collecting particles in water. Construction details and characterization experiments are described, including measurements of BB particulate size distribution and deposition rate, gas wall loss rates, dilution rate, light intensity, mixing speed, temperature and humidity variations, and air purification method. The wall loss rates for NO, NO2, and O3 were found to be (7.40 ± 0.01) × 10−4, (3.47 ± 0.01) × 10−4, and (5.90 ± 0.08) × 10−4 min−1 respectively. The NO2 photolysis rate constant was 0.165 ±0.005 min−4, which corresponds to a flux of (7.72 ± 0.25) × 1017 photons•nm•cm−2•s−1 from 296.0−516.8 nm. Particle deposition rate was found to be (2.46 ± 0.11) × 10−3 min−1 for pine at Dp = 100 nm. After initial mixing in the chamber, with the ultraviolet (UV) light off, the particle size distribution for BB samples used for the initial work did not stabilize until ~7.5 hours after injection peaking near a mobility diameter of ~340 nm. The chamber demonstrated gas and particle loss rates, and other properties comparable to other similar indoor smog chambers.
Quiet Riot: A Politics of Noise in the Cook's Tale
Authors: Taylor Joseph 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The politics of sound have been largely understudied in Chaucer's works, but Chaucer's urban stories have much to tell us about medieval soundscapes. This article thinks through the dilemmas posed by sound to political milieus in a Foucaultian vein, noting premodern examples of the ways that power worked to manipulate and regulate sound and language in its territory and how sound worked to resist authority's control. This article argues that the Cook's Tale illustrates how the sensory experience of sound was managed, regulated, and controlled, gesturing toward a larger biopolitical strain in the Canterbury Tales that intimates Chaucer's own anxieties about popular noise in his lifetime.
Context, Form, and Text in Lack of Steadfastness
Authors: Boffey Julia , Edwards A. S. G. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The surviving witnesses to Lack of Steadfastness, conventionally included among Chaucer's lyrics, raise a number of textual and contextual problems mostly overlooked in discussion of Chaucer's short poems. This article explores the evidence for authorship and attribution, the instability of the forms in which the poem survives, and its tendency to disintegration into shorter units or to amalgamation in longer runs of undifferentiated poems.
Witches and Cunning Folk in British Literature 1800–1940
Authors: Hutton Ronald 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Relatively little attention has been paid to representations of witches and cunning folk (popular magicians) in British literature of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. There have been a few pioneering works, but they have adopted different definitions of witches, concentrated on different spans of time, and reached different conclusions (and half of them are still contained in unpublished theses). This study covers the whole period between 1800 and 1940 and operates a consistent and rigorous set of definitions of the figures under consideration. It considers images of the witch as villain, victim, and heroine along with parallel images of cunning folk, and it demonstrates what remains constant in them and what changes over this long span of time. In doing so, it is intended to make a contribution to a better understanding of the place of witchcraft and magic in the modern British imagination.
Lymphatic vessel mapping in the upper extremities of a healthy Korean population
Authors: Lee Yun-Whan , Lee Soo-Hyun , You Hi-Jin , Jung Jae-A , Yoon Eul-Sik , Kim Deok-Woo 
Published: March 2018

Background Intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography can effectively detect functioning lymph vessels in edematous limbs. However, it is sometimes difficult to clearly identify their course in later-stage edematous limbs. For this reason, many surgeons rely on experience when they decide where to make the skin incision to locate the lymphatic vessels. The purpose of this study was to elucidate lymphatic vessel flow patterns in healthy upper extremities in a Korean population and to use these findings as a reference for lymphedema treatment.
Methods ICG fluorescence lymphography was performed by injecting 1 mL of ICG into the second web space of the hand. After 4 hours, fluorescence images of lymphatic vessels were obtained with a near-infrared camera, and the lymphatic vessels were marked. Three landmarks were designated: the radial styloid process, the mid-portion of the cubital fossa, and the lower border of the deltopectoral groove. A straight line connecting the points was drawn, and the distance between the connected lines and the marked lymphatic vessels was measured at 8 points.
Results There were 30 healthy upper extremities (15 right and 15 left). The average course of the main lymph vessels passed 26.0±11.6 mm dorsal to the styloid process, 5.7±40.7 mm medial to the mid-cubital fossa, and 31.3±26.1 mm medial to the three-quarters point of the upper landmark line.
Conclusions The main functioning lymphatic vessel follows the course of the cephalic vein at the forearm level, crosses the mid-cubital point, and travels medially toward the mid-axilla.