bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Current Evaluation of Independence as a Foundational Element of the Auditing Profession in the United States
Authors: Jenkins J. Gregory , Stanley Jonathan D. 
Published: January 2019

SUMMARY
This paper summarizes '“Auditor Independence in the United States: Cornerstone of the Profession or Thorn in Our Side?”' (Church, Jenkins, and Stanley 2018). Their paper maintains that while the concept of independence is theoretically appealing, it is fraught with practical problems. Church et al. (2018) analyze the current oversight of auditor independence in the U.S. and the need for auditor independence from the perspective of various parties involved in the financial reporting process. In doing so, the paper discusses implications and challenges affecting one or more of these parties. Finally, Church et al. (2018) evaluate alternatives to the current regulatory approach of prohibiting various auditor client relationships to manage auditor independence. The paper concludes that increasing audit committees' responsibilities for monitoring auditor independence, along with additional disclosure about threats and safeguards to auditor independence, is worthy of further discussion and debate as a path toward addressing the auditor independence conundrum.
Formação continuada de professores do ensino médio para uma aula investigativa sobre probabilidade
Authors: Filho Albano Dias Pereira 
Published: January 2019

RESUMO
O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as contribuições de um curso de formação continuada voltado para o ensino da Probabilidade por meio de aulas investigativas, para a ampliação do conhecimento profissional docente de professores do Ensino Médio. Esta investigação se propôs a responder o seguinte questionamento: “Que contribuições podem trazer, para o conhecimento profissional docente, a participação de professores em uma formação continuada sobre o ensino de Probabilidade baseado em aulas investigativas?” A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no âmbito de um projeto de pesquisa do Programa Observatório da Educação da CAPES /Inep, intitulado “Educação Continuada do Professor de Matemática do Ensino Médio: Núcleo de Investigações sobre a Reconstrução da Prática Pedagógica”, aqui referenciado como Projeto “OBEDUC Práticas”. A metodologia da investigação foi qualitativa, segundo Bogdan e Biklen (1996), do tipo Design-Based Research na concepção de Brown (1992) e Collins (1992) e foi dividida em três fases: uma de pesquisa documental, uma de planejamento e uma de pesquisa de campo, a qual foi desenvolvida em um curso de formação continuada com 12 participantes. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados, foram utilizados: o diário de campo do pesquisador, gravações em áudio e vídeo dos encontros e ainda questionários aplicados aos professores participantes da formação continuada. A análise foi interpretativa e adotou as orientações de Powell, Francisco e Maher (2004) quanto aos vídeos, realizados a partir das produções dos professores participantes no curso de formação continuada. Tal formação teve uma dinâmica de encontros presenciais preparados com ênfase na ampliação dos conhecimentos profissionais dos participantes na concepção de Shulman (1986), Ponte (2003) e de Ball et al(2008), em particular sobre o tema probabilidade. A revisão de literatura nos auxiliou no design do processo formativo, bem como nos fundamentou para a análise dos dados coletados na pesquisa. A formação possibilitou a discussão de formas distintas de abordagem da Probabilidade em sala de aula e nela buscamos romper com o pensamento determinístico e linear. O curso auxiliou a ampliação do conhecimento do conteúdo específico de probabilidade, particularmente a conceituação de probabilidade condicional a experimentos frequentistas, a probabilidade geométrica e o teorema de Bayes, bem como a articulação da probabilidade com outros conteúdos. A conclusão foi de que o processo formativo impactou os professores participantes em relação a conhecer e a adotar a abordagem investigativa. Foi constatada ainda a ampliação do conhecimento especializado de probabilidade, do conhecimento pedagógico geral e do conhecimento instrucional.
The role of prostaglandins and polymorphisms of A2 phospholipase genes in the occurrence of early uterine contractions during pregnancy
Authors: Borowiec Blanka , Hadada Tomasz , Kosińska Magdalena 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study focused on the role of polymorphisms in prostaglandin expression regulating genes in the occurrence of early uterine contractions during pregnancy. The analyzed genes were: PLA2G4C, encoding calcium independent phospholipase A2, and PLA2G4C, encoding IVD phospholipase A2. It was examined if known reference polymorphisms in these genes (rs1366442, [A/C/T] for PLA2G4C; and rs4924618, [A/T] for PLA2G4D), have any influence on preterm birth. Additionally, other biological, genetic and socio-economic factors were taken into account and analyzed, based on their role in induction of early resolve of pregnancy in the study group. Blood samples were taken from 20 patients. 15 of them gave birth preterm, 5 gave birth at the predicted date of pregnancy resolve. DNA was isolated from the samples, and subjected to PCR, with obtained amplified samples separated using electrophoresis on 1,5% agarose gel. Resulting material was subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 13 software. Analyses have shown that the discussed biological, genetic and societal-economic factors have statistically significant influence on preterm birth. Sequencing results presented the suspected presence of the analyzed SNPs in most women from the studied groups, while not showing their presence in any of the controls. The biological, genetic, and socio-economic factors analyzed have a significant influence on pre-term birth. Presence of SNPs in PLA2G4C and PLA2G4D genes may increase the risk of early resolve of pregnancy. However, as the control and study groups were relatively small, it is suggested to repeat the studies on bigger samples to validate the results.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Quercetin on Bisphenol A-Induced Toxicity
Authors: Kubavat Kinjal K. , Samova Sanman , Doctor Hetal , Sindhav Gaurang M. , Verma Ramtej J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
One of the natural antioxidant flavonols -Quercetin is found in various food products and plants. Its anticancer properties have been proved by in vivo and in vitro experiments; it shows an attempt to examine toxic effects of Bisphenol A in the liver of mice and its alleviation by quercetin. For this inbred Swiss strain male albino mice were orally administered with quercetin (30, 60 and 90 mg/kg body weight/day) along with BPA (240 mg/kg body weight/day) for 45 days. On the completion of the treatment period, animals were sacrificed; organs were isolated and used for biochemical analysis. All these effects were dose-dependent. Co-treatment with quercetin (30, 60 and 90 mg/kg body weight) and BPA (240 mg/kg body weight) alleviates the changes in body weight, absolute and relative organ weights of mice. Biochemical analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent reduction in enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, Catalase and glutathione peroxidase and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as Glutathione and Total ascorbic acid content were also observed in Bisphenol A -treated groups as compared to control. The present results revealed that graded doses of BPA caused oxidative damage in the liver of mice, which is mitigated by quercetin.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity on Mcf-7 Cell Line of Some Diesters Derived from 5-(Hydroxybenzylidene)Thiazolidine-2,4-Diones
Authors: Tran Hieu Quang , Nguyen Hien Cao , Van Nguyen Thin , Nguyen Thanh Thi , Vo Toan Ngoc , Nguyend Cong Tien 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Knoevenagel condensation of thiazolidine-2,4-dione, which were prepared from chloroacetic acid and thioure by 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction, with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydoxy-3-methoxybezaldehyde gave five corresponding 5-(hydroxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione compounds. The reaction of 5-(hydroxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-diones and ethyl chlorofomate or ethyl chloroacetate occurred at both NH and OH centers and gave ten corresponding diesters. The structures of the diesters were confirmed by IR, MS, 1H and 13C-NMR spectral data. However, in test for cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells, none of the diester compounds exhibited significant activity.
Magnetic and Antibacterial Studies of Nanoferrites Prepared by Self Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Route
Authors: Bharamagoudar Ravi C. , Patil Anil S. , Mathad Shridhar N. , Kumbar Vijay M. , Kankanawadi Laxmi B. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The main objective of the manuscript is the structural analysis, magnetic investigation and antimicrobial activity of Mn1−xZnxFe2O4 with stoichiometry (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0). The Mn-Zn nanoferrites were synthesized by self propagating high-temperature synthesis using a mixture of fuels. The synthesized Mn-Zn nanoferrites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) that confirms cubic crystal structure with lattice constant in the range 8.372-8.432Ao. It is observed that saturation magnetization (Ms), remanence magnetization (Mr) and magneton number (Mr/Ms) decreased gradually with the increasing of Zn2+ concentration. The decrease in the saturation magnetization may be explained as, the Zn2+ concentration increases, the relative number of ferric ions on the A sites diminishes and this reduces the A–B interaction. Further, the synthesized Mn-Zn nanoferrites were tested for antibacterial activities against two-gram positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC No–12598, Lactobacillus amylovorus ATCC No– 12598), gram-negative strains E.coli ATCC No – 25922, Pseudomonas- ATCC No- 25619) and one fungal strain (C.albicans -ATCC No – 2091).
Synthesis of 4-(2-Hydroxyaryl)-5-Methyl-1,3-Dithiol-2-Thiones
Authors: Bahrin Lucian G. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The synthesis of 4-(2-hydroxyaryl)-5-methyl-1,3-dithiol-2-thiones has been accomplished by the reaction of the corresponding 4-(2-hydroxyaryl)-5-methyl-1,3-dithiol-2-ylium perchlorates with sodium sulfide nonahydrate in ethanol at room temperature. The newly obtained derivatives were characterized by NMR and MS spectrometry and IR spectroscopy.
Two-Parametric Analysis of Anti-Plane Shear Deformation of a Coated Elastic Half-Space
Authors: Sultanova Leyla 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe anti-plane shear deformation problem of a half-space coated by a soft or a stiff thin layer is considered. The two-term asymptotic analysis is developed motivated by the scaling for the displacement and stress components obtained from the exact solution of a model problem for a shear harmonic load. It is shown that for a rather high contrast in stiffness of the layer and the half-space Winkler-type behaviour appears for a relatively soft coating, while for a relatively stiff one, the equations of plate shear are valid. For low contrast, an alternative approximation is suggested based on the reduced continuity conditions and the fact that the applied load may be transmitted to the interface. In case of a stiff layer, a simpler problem for a homogeneous half-space with effective boundary condition is also formulated, modelling the effect of the coating, while for a relatively soft layer a uniformly valid approximate formula is introduced.
Optimization of Enset Fermentation in the Production of Kocho Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Weldemichael Helen , Admassu Shimelis , Alemu Melaku 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of enset fermentation process. Two numerical (time and amount of starter culture) and one categorical variable (types of starter strain) was used for evaluation of sensory quality of kocho. The physicochemical properties, proximate composition and color of kocho product were also analyzed. It was found that the coefficient of determination (R2) of the response variables were greater than 80% described that high percentage of the variability was defined by the model. These findings revealed that fermentation time, amount of starter culture and types of starter strain affected the sensory attributes of kocho. The preferred sensory quality of kocho was produced using 2% L. plantarum as starter strain at 6 days of fermentation time.
Magnetic and Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) investigations for gold exploration around Ihale in Bunnu-Kabba Area of Kogi, north-central Nigeria
Authors: Osinowo Olawale Olakunle , Falufosi Michael Oluseyi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study integrates ground magnetic and Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) methods of geophysical investigation to probe the subsurface in terms of rock magnetic susceptibility and ground conductivity for the purpose of identifying mineralized pegmatite veins that could serve as host for gold and associated metallic deposits. Twenty five (25) carefully planned ground magnetic and VLF-EM profiles, each, were occupied east and west of a reference profile which was purposively established on an identified mineralized pegmatite vein around Ihale in Bunnu-Kabba area of Kogi, north-central Nigeria. The acquired ground magnetic data were filtered and Reduced To Pole at Low Latitude (RTPLL) to remove regional field effect, cultural noise as well as focus the peaks of magnetic anomalies over corresponding sources. The measured raw real and raw imaginary components of the EM fields were subjected to Fraser and Karous Hjelt filtering to remove harmonic noise, focus and make anomaly amplitudes relate directly to the causative conductor as well as generate current density employed to characterise the subsurface. Seven (7) zones of relatively high VLF-EM derived current density with matching high residual positive magnetic anomalies present closely correlate-able signatures with subsurface response obtained around the reference profile established where local mining activities indicate evidence of gold and associated metallic mineralization of the pegmatite vein. The delineated zones constitute targets for gold and associated base metal prospects which could be further developed for economic benefit of the community.
Moral emotions
Authors: Spielthenner Georg 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Moral emotions have been badly neglected by philosophical ethics. In my view to the detriment of this discipline because they are not only important for the moral evaluation of persons but also for value theory and thus also for a theory of morally right actions. This paper outlines my account of moral emotions. Emotions such as regret or shame are sometimes but not always moral emotions. I will determine when they (and other emotions) are moral emotions. In (I) I will deal with the views of some other authors and in (II) and (III) I will explain my own account.
A Simple Realist Account of the Normativity of Concepts
Authors: Lalumera Elisabetta 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
I argue that a concept is applied correctly when it is applied to the kind of things it is the concept of. Correctness as successful kind-tracking is fulfilling an externally and naturalistically individuated standard. And the normative aspect of concept-application so characterized depends on the relational (non-individualistic) feature of conceptual content. I defend this view against two objections. The first is that norms should provide justifications for action, and the second involves a version of the thesis of indeterminacy of reference.
A defence of Fregean propositions
Authors: Vignolo Massimiliano 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Stephen Schiffer 2003 presents six arguments against the Fregean model of propositions, according to which propositions are (a) the referents of that-clauses and (b) structured entities made out of concepts. Schiffer advances an alternative view: propositions are unstructured pleonastic entities. My purpose is to argue in favour of the main tenets of the Fregean model by countering each of Schiffer’s arguments and sketching the guidelines for a theory of concepts as basic components of propositions.
Relevant Alternatives Contextualism and Ordinary Contingent Knowledge
Authors: Lihoreau Franck 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
According to David Lewis’ contextualist analysis of knowledge, there can be contexts in which a subject counts as knowing a proposition just because every possibility that this proposition might be false is irrelevant in those contexts. In this paper I argue that, in some cases at least, Lewis’ analysis results in granting people non-evidentially based knowledge of ordinary contingent truths which, intuitively, cannot be known but on the basis of appropriate evidence.
Dubbings-in-Trouble
Authors: Galanakis Dimitris A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Pelczar and Rainsbury advance a theory of proper names which purports, inter alia, to implement Kripke’s causal theory of name reference in order to explain reference change. The key tool for accomplishing this is the notion of a dubbing-in-force. In this paper I aim to show that this special appeal to dubbings does not sustain any real advance over Kripke’s account at least with respect to the problem of inadvertent referential shift. I argue that this theory has not offered any theory of reference transmission, which I take as a precondition for explaining the problem of reference change, and that the notion of a dubbing-in-force is unnecessary for name reference.
Um filósofo da evidência
Authors: Lourenço M. S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Embora algumas posições filosóficas de Gödel sejam bem conhecidas, como o platonismo, a sua teoria do conhecimento é, em comparação, menos divulgada. A partir do «Problema da Evidência» de Hilbert-Bernays, I, pg. 20 seq., apresento a seguir os traços essenciais da posição de Gödel sobre a caracterização epistemológica da evidência finitista, com especial relevo para a história dos conceitos utilizados.
The weak collective agential autonomy thesis
Authors: Botting David 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Can a collective be an agent in its own right? Can it be the bearer of moral and other properties that we have traditionally reserved for individual agents? The answer, as one might expect, is ‘In some ways yes, in other ways no.’ The way in which the answer is ‘Yes’ has been described recently by Copp; I intend to discuss his position and defend it against objections. This describes a fairly weak form of autonomy that I will claim does not require the abandonment of methodological individualism or our commonplace intuitions about individual responsibility. I will also discuss, and reject, a stronger conception of autonomy suggested especially by the work of Pettit that would result in methodological individualism.
Does Ontology Matter?
Authors: Graham Andrew 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, I argue that various disputes in ontology have important ramifications and so are worth taking seriously. I employ a criterion according to which whether a dispute matters depends on how integrated it is with the rest of our theoretical projects. Disputes that arise from previous tensions in our theorizing and have additional implications for other issues matter, while insular disputes do not. I apply this criterion in arguing that certain ontological disputes matter; specifically, the disputes over concrete possible worlds and coincident material objects. Finally, I consider how one could show that some ontological disputes do not matter, using a Platonism/nominalism dispute as an example.
Rightness = Right-Maker: Reduction orReductio?
Authors: Long Joseph 
Published: January 2019

AbstractI have recently argued that if the causal theory of reference is true, then, on pain of absurdity, no normative ethical theory is true. In this journal, Michael Byron has objected to myreductioby appealing to Frank Jackson’s moral reductionism. The present essay defends myreductiowhile also casting doubt upon Jackson’s moral reductionism.
The Unificatory Power of Scientific Realism
Authors: Park Seungbae 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The no-miracles argument (Putnam 1975) holds that science is successful because successful theories are (approximately) true. Frost-Arnold (2010) objects that this argument is unacceptable because it generates neither new predictions nor unifications. It is similar to the unacceptable explanation that opium puts people to sleep because it has a dormative virtue. I reply that on close examination, realism explains not only why some theories are successful but also why successful theories exist in current science. Therefore, it unifies the disparate phenomena.
Violence Against Female Citizens and Female Immigrants in Some Countries Worldwide: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Koshulko Oksana 
Published: January 2019

Summary
This paper presents the results of studies on violence against women in many countries worldwide, including female citizens of the countries and female immigrants. The paper has been written using the results of research conducted by the World Health Organization, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the South African Medical Research Council; the fellowship project on female immigration, supported by the Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); and the Research on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey, conducted by the Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies and the Ministry of Family and Social Policies in Ankara, Turkey. The paper has combined several studies on preventing violence against female citizens and female immigrants conducted in various countries throughout the world.
MODEL KERJASAMA VERTIKAL PELAKU RANTAI PASOK KOMODITAS PANGAN
Authors: Iskandar Ridwan 
Published: January 2019

Peningkatan daya saing komoditas pangan lokal memerlukan pendekatan sistem agribisnis mulai dari hulu sampai hilir yang melibatkan para pelaku rantai pasok. Hal ini didasari harga komoditas pangan impor yang relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan harga komoditas pangan di pasar domestik, dengan kualitas produk yang lebih terjamin. Para pelaku rantai pasok dalam hal ini perlu proaktif membina kerjasama untuk mewujudkan pemasaran komoditas pangan yang efisien mulai dari petani sampai ke industri pengolahan.Â Wujud kerjasama yang saling menguntungkan adalah suatu sistem koordinasi diantara pelaku rantai pasok. Sistem koordinasi dalam rantai pasok komoditas pangan belum diketahui tingkatannya, oleh karena itu perlu diteliti tingkat koordinasi dalam rantai pasok komoditas komoditas pangan baik lokal maupun impor. Penelitian ini mengangkat permasalahan utama tentang tingkat koordinasi, yaitu bagaimanakah tingkat koordinasi dalam rantai pasok komoditas pangan lokal dan impor. Koordinasi dalam rantai pasok komoditas pangan lokal umumnya termasuk kategori tidak terkoordinasi dan dalam rantai pasok komoditas pangan impor pada umumnya terkoordinasi. Untuk menjawab permasalahan ditempuh tiga tahap analisis, yaitu analisis faktor, analisis cluster dan analisis diskriminan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tingkat koordinasi dalam rantai pasok komoditas pangan yang terkoordinasi dengan rantai pasok komoditas pangan yang tidak terkoordinasi, dimana rata-rata skor diskriminan rantai pasok komoditas pangan terkoordinasi lebih besar dari rantai pasok komoditas pangan tidak terkoordinasi. Disarankan kepada pemerintah untuk melakukan pembinaan sistem koordinasi, sehingga rantai pasok menjadi suatu kesatuan yang para pelakunya saling tergantung dan saling menguntungkan satu sama lain. Pada akhirnya setiap pelaku rantai pasok diharapkan akan memiliki rasa tanggung jawab terhadap peningkatan kinerja perorangan dan kelompok.