bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Masticatory Muscles and Branches of Mandibular Nerve: Positional Relationships Between Various Muscle Bundles and Their Innervating Branches
Authors: Akita Keiichi , Sakaguchi‐Kuma Tomomi , Fukino Keiko , Ono Takashi 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe masticatory muscles, which are composed of four main muscles, are innervated by branches of only one of the cranial nerves, the mandibular nerve. This muscle group has a variety of very complex functions. We have investigated the origins and insertions of the masticatory muscles and the adjacent bundles of the main muscles, and closely examined the positional relationships between the muscle bundles and innervating branches. According to the findings of the nerve branching patterns, the masticatory muscles can be classified into two groups: the inner group consisting of the lateral pterygoid muscle, and the outer group consisting of the other muscles and adjacent muscle bundles. Further, the outer muscle group is sub‐divided into the three other main muscles (the masseter, the temporalis, and the medial pterygoid muscle) and the adjacent various transitional muscle bundles. Anat Rec, 302:609–619, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Posttranscriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of Actin
Authors: Rodriguez Alexis , Kashina Anna 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTActin is one of the most abundant intracellular proteins, essential in every eukaryotic cell type. Actin plays key roles in tissue morphogenesis, cell adhesion, muscle contraction, and developmental reprogramming. Most actin studies have focused on its regulation at the protein level, either directly or through differential interactions with over a hundred intracellular binding partners. However, numerous studies emerging in recent years demonstrate specific types of nucleotide‐level regulation that strongly affect non‐muscle actins during cell migration and adhesion and are potentially applicable to other members of the actin family. This regulation involves zipcode‐mediated actin mRNA targeting to the cell periphery, proposed to mediate local synthesis of actin at the cell leading edge, as well as the recently discovered N‐terminal arginylation that specifically targets non‐muscle β‐actin via a nucleotide‐dependent mechanism. Moreover, a study published this year suggests that actin's essential roles at the organismal level may be entirely nucleotide‐dependent. This review summarizes the emerging data on actin's nucleotide‐level regulation. Anat Rec, 301:1991–1998, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Introduction to Actin and Actin‐Rich Structures
Authors: Vogl A. Wayne , Guttman Julian A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe actin cytoskeleton has long been recognized as a crucial sub‐cellular filament system that is responsible for governing fundamental events ranging from cell division and muscle contraction to whole cell motility and the maintenance of tissue integrity. Consequently, it is not surprising that this network is the focus of over 100,000 different manuscripts. Alterations in the actin cytoskeleton lead to an assortment of diseases and serve as a target for a variety of pathogens. Here we have brought together a collection of primary research articles and reviews that underscore the broad influence this filament system has on organisms. Anat Rec, 301:1986–1990, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functionally Driven Modulation of Sarcomeric Structure and Membrane Systems in the Fast Muscles of a Copepod (Gaussia princeps)
Authors: Glaser Nosta , Iyer Ramesh , Gilly William , Franzini‐Armstrong Clara 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMuscles of the mesopelagic copepod Gaussia princeps (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Calanoida) are responsible for repetitive movements of feeding and swimming appendages that are too fast to be followed by eye. This article provides a comparative functional and ultrastructural description of five muscles that have different contraction speeds and are located within different anatomical sites. All are very fast, as indicated by a thick:thin filament ratio of 3:1 and sarcomere lengths that vary between 1 and 3 μm. Measured lengths of thin and thick filaments indicate classification of the muscles into three distinct groups (short, medium, and long) and predict a difference in speed of up to threefold between fibers with the shortest and longest sarcomeres. Indeed, the kicking movement of the posterior legs (with the shortest sarcomere length) is approximately threefold faster than the simultaneous back‐folding of the antennae (with the longest length). Thus, a specific relationship between speed of movement and sarcomere length is established, and we can use the latter to predict the former. Regulatory systems of contraction (sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR] and transverse [T] tubules) match the different contractile properties, varying in frequency of distribution and overall content in parallel to sarcomere variations. All muscles from appendages and body musculature show a unique disposition of contractile material, SR, and T tubules found only in copepod muscles; muscle filaments are grouped in large supermyofibrils that are riddled with frequent cylindrical shafts containing SR and T tubules. This arrangement insures a high spatial frequency of regulatory components. Anat Rec, 301:2164–2176, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recipient‐Derived Allo‐iTregs Induced by Donor DCs Effectively Inhibit the Proliferation of Donor T Cells and Reduce GVHD
Authors: Yang Zhi‐Gang , Wen Rui‐Ting , Feng Jin‐Shan , Cao Pei‐Jie , Zhou Hai‐Tao , Liu Wen‐Xin 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTTo compare the potency of recipient‐derived, antigen‐specific regulatory T cells induced by different dendritic cells (DCs; iTregs) and freshly isolated natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) in preventing mouse graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). CD4+T cells from recipient BALB/c mice were stimulated with DCs from recipient BALB/c (syn‐DCs), donor B6 (allo‐DCs), and third‐party C3H (third‐party‐DCs) mice to induce different iTregs. In parallel, nTregs were isolated from spleen cells of recipient BALB/c (syn‐nTregs) and donor B6 (allo‐nTregs) mice using magnetic‐activated cell sorting. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assays were performed to evaluate the suppressive ability of these various regulatory T cells (Tregs). Both the iTregs and nTregs were transfused to GVHD mice on Days 0, 1, 3, and 5. Body weight, GVHD score, and survival time were monitored. Peripheral Tregs were subsequently examined on Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after BMT, while chimerism was evaluated on Days 14 and 60. Histopathology of colon, liver, and spleen were also performed. DCs markedly induced CD25+and Foxp3+expression on CD4+T cells. The allo‐DC‐induced Tregs (allo‐iTregs) suppressed the proliferation of alloreactive T cells better than the other iTregs/nTregs in MLR assays (P< 0.05). Meanwhile, transfusion of the allo‐iTregs reduced the severity of GVHD (P< 0.05), increased survival time compared with the GVHD group (P< 0.05), and enhanced the chimerism proportion. On Day 28 after BMT, the allo‐iTregs group had the highest frequency of peripheral Tregs (P< 0.05). Recipient‐derived allo‐iTregs induced by donor DCs included predominant clones that specifically recognized donor antigens. These allo‐iTregs not only prevented GVHD by suppressing the proliferation of donor‐alloreactive T cells, but also promoted engraftment, and prolonged the survival of GVHD mice. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:825–836, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photo‐ and pH‐ Dual‐Responsive β‐Cyclodextrin‐Based Supramolecular Prodrug Complex Self‐Assemblies for Programmed Drug Delivery
Authors: Bai Yang , Liu Cai Ping , Song Xin , Zhuo Longhai , Bu Huaitian , Tian Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite the fact that progress has been made in the application of supramolecular prodrug self‐assemblies to enhance the functionality of drug‐delivery systems, corresponding research on multi‐responsive supramolecular prodrug self‐assemblies for programmed drug delivery is still limited. In this paper, the synthesis and self‐assembly behavior of supramolecular prodrug complexes (SPCs) with β‐cyclodextrin–acylhydrazone–doxorubicin (β‐CD‐hydrazone‐DOX) and the targeting of azobenzene‐terminated poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (Azo‐PDMA‐FA) as a building block were investigated. The obtained SPCs could also form self‐assemblies on the basis of their amphiphilic nature. Next, SPC‐based multi‐compartment vesicles and complex micelles, which were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic/static light scattering, were obtained with good reversibility under alternative visible light or UV irradiation. Furthermore, three‐stage programmed drug‐delivery behavior was observed from dual‐responsive SPC‐based self‐assemblies by utilizing UV and pH stimuli. Specifically, the SPCs first self‐assembled into multicompartmental vesicles, which was accompanied by a slow release of DOX. Next, UV‐light irradiation induced the dissociation of β‐CD/Azo, which led to morphology transition and a slight increase in the rate of release of DOX. Upon transferring the self‐assemblies to phosphate‐buffer solution (pH 5.0), the release rates increased notably as a result of the broken acylhydrazone bond. Finally, basic cell experiments further demonstrated that the SPC‐based self‐assemblies could be internalized into cancer cells, which suggests their promise for applications in cancer therapy.
Adaptation‐Enhanced Model‐Based Control with Charge Feedback for Piezo‐Actuated Stage
Authors: Yeh Yi‐Liang , Yen Jia‐Yush , Wu Chi‐Ju 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a new control design to compensate for the residual control error from charge feedback control. A part of the applied voltage is consumed by the hysteresis effect because of the nature of the piezoelectric material; moreover, this effect is difficult to overcome because it is rate dependent. This work utilizes a piezoelectric electromechanical model to propose a precompensation algorithm for a piezoelectric actuator. A nonlinear compensator can be used to treat both the hysteresis nonlinearity and the rate dependency of the system, and the adjustable parameters are specified through adaptive identification with only basic system information. The proposed design can position a piezoelectric stage with a magnifying mechanism within a few nanometers of a target, and the leftover hysteresis phenomenon is negligible.
Alternatives stochastisches Nachweisverfahren für den Spannungsrisskorrosionsnachweis von Straßenbrücken
Authors: Rauert Tim , Zehetmaier Gerhard 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie Handlungsanweisung Spannungsrisskorrosion [1] bietet bei Straßenbrücken die Möglichkeit eines vereinfachten stochastischen Nachweises auf Systemebene, um das Ankündigungsverhalten nach dem „Riss‐vor‐Bruch‐Kriterium“ nachzuweisen. Die Anwendung dieses Verfahrens ist allerdings aufgrund der vorgegebenen Anwendungsgrenzen eingeschränkt. Werden sie eingehalten, so liefert das Verfahren in der Regel auf der sicheren Seite liegende Ergebnisse.Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird ein alternatives Nachweisverfahren vorgestellt, das sich eng an der Nachweismethodik der Handlungsanweisung Spannungsrisskorrosion orientiert und auf der Monte‐Carlo‐Methode basiert. Der große Vorteil des vorgestellten Verfahrens besteht darin, dass zum einen eine höhere Genauigkeit als mit dem vereinfachten Verfahren gemäß Handlungsanweisung erzielt werden kann und zum anderen die Anwendungsgrenzen weitestgehend entfallen, die beim vereinfachten Verfahren eingehalten werden müssen.
CRISPR Gene Editing in Yeast: An Experimental Protocol for an Upper‐Division Undergraduate Laboratory Course
Authors: Sehgal Nitasha , Sylves M. Eileen , Sahoo Ansuman , Chow Jacky , Walker Sarah E. , Cullen Paul J. , Berry James O. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are a revolutionary tool based on a bacterial acquired immune response system. CRISPR has gained widespread use for gene editing in a variety of organisms and is an increasingly valuable tool for basic genetic research, with far‐reaching implications for medicine, agriculture, and industry. This lab is based on the premise that upper division undergraduate students enrolled in a Life Sciences curriculum must become familiar with cutting edge advances in biotechnology that have significant impact on society. Toward this goal, we developed a new hands‐on laboratory exercise incorporating the use of CRISPR‐Cas9 and homology directed repair (HDR) to edit two well‐characterized genes in the budding yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The two genes edited in this exercise, Adenine2 (ADE2) and Sterile12 (STE12) affect metabolic and developmental processes, respectively. Editing the premature stop codons in these genes results in clearly identifiable phenotypes that can be assessed by students in a standard laboratory course setting. Making use of this basic eukaryotic model organism facilitates a laboratory exercise that is inexpensive, simple to organize, set up, and present to students. This exercise enables undergraduate students to initiate and follow‐up on all stages of the CRISPR gene editing process, from identification of guide RNAs, amplification of an appropriate HDR fragment, and analysis of mutant phenotypes. The organization of this protocol also allows for easy modification, providing additional options for editing any expressed genes within the yeast genome to produce new mutations, or recovery of existing mutants to wild type. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):592–601, 2018.
Clinical and imaging characteristics of PFO‐related stroke with different amounts of right‐to‐left shunt
Authors: He Dan , Li Qian , Xu Guangjin , Hu Zheng , Li Xuefei , Guo Yinping , Xu Shabei , Wang Wei , Luo Xiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionRight‐to‐left shunt (RLS) induced by a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is associated with an increased risk of cryptogenic stroke (CS). However, little is known about the relationship between the amount of RLS and the stroke pattern. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the distinct clinical features of PFO‐related CS in different RLS degrees resulting from PFO.MethodsThis is a cohort study of 222 CS patients admitted to the Tongji Hospital from 1st May 2014 to 31st April 2017. All patients underwent contrast transcranial Doppler examination. And then, 121 (54.5%) were classified as non‐RLS group, while 76 (34.2%) were classified as mild RLS group and 25 (11.3%) were large RLS group according to the number of micro‐emboli signals. The groups were compared with respect to their clinical and neuroimaging characteristics.ResultsIn terms of risk factors of stroke, the prevalence of hypertension was lower in mild group (p = 0.002). Regarding the infarct patterns in different CS patients, we found that the multiple cortical lesions were more frequently observed (p<0.001) with increasing RLS in DWI. Moreover, there was a rising trend in the proportion of small lesions (≤1 cm) with an increasing RLS (p < 0.01). And as RLS increased, the posterior circulation was more likely to be influenced (p < 0.05). In addition, the serum cholesterol concentration was lower in the large RLS group, compared to the non‐RLS group (p = 0.003) and mild RLS group (p = 0.008). While the mean platelet volume (MPV) in mild group was significantly higher than that of non‐RLS group (p = 0.013).ConclusionPatients with larger RLS show more infarction in posterior circulation, higher frequency of small lesions or multiple cortical lesions. The results of our study indicate that the infarct patterns might be a clue of PFO‐related stroke.
Severe cholestatic jaundice associated with Graves’ disease
Authors: Abebe Abebe , Eck Leigh M. , Holyoak Michael 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe describe a rare case of Graves’ disease presenting with atrial fibrillation and severe cholestasis. An extensive evaluation for hepatobiliary causes of cholestasis, including hepatic biopsy, was entirely negative. He was successfully treated with methimazole and eventual thyroidectomy. With caution, thionamides can be utilized successfully for such patients.
N‐Boc‐Amides in Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Bourne‐Branchu Yann , Gosmini Corinne , Danoun Grégory 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSince 2015, the use of amides as electrophilic partners in cross‐coupling reactions has experienced exponential growth. Diverse amide derivatives have been studied and among them N‐Boc‐amides have shown good activities towards various cross‐coupling reactions and presents, in our view, an important synthetic usefulness. This review describes the recent developments of these chemical transformations involving N‐Boc‐amides.
Rural/urban residence and childhood and adolescent cancer survival in the United States
Authors: Delavar Arash , Feng Qianxi , Johnson Kimberly J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has examined the relationship between rural/urban residence and childhood or adolescent cancer survival in the United States. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries database, the authors examined childhood and adolescent cancer survival by rural/urban residence as defined by Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes (RUCCs).MethodsThe authors obtained data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries for individuals diagnosed at ages birth to 19 years with a first primary malignant cancer from 2000 through 2010. Rural/urban residence at the time of diagnosis was defined using both metropolitan/nonmetropolitan county classifications and individual RUCC categories. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between rural/urban residence and cancer survival. The authors also examined effect modification by age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and cancer type.ResultsAmong 41,879 cancer cases, approximately 54.7% were non‐Hispanic white, 54.3% were male, and 90.4% lived in a metropolitan county. Individuals living in nonmetropolitan counties versus metropolitan counties had a similar risk of cancer death (HR,  1.03; 95% CI, 0.94‐1.13) as did those living in nonmetropolitan rural counties with <2500 individuals nonadjacent to a metropolitan area versus those living in metropolitan counties of ≥1 million individuals (HR,  0.98; 95% CI, 0.71‐1.37). Evidence for effect modification largely was absent.ConclusionsThe results of the current study suggest that childhood and adolescent cancer survival in the United States does not vary by rural/urban residence at the time of diagnosis as defined by RUCCs. The widespread availability of public health insurance for children and adolescents and a nationwide network of pediatric cancer providers may explain this finding.
Nodular fasciitis of the parotid gland: A challenging diagnosis on FNA
Authors: Allison Derek B. , VandenBussche Christopher J. , Rooper Lisa M. , Wakely Paul E. , Rossi Esther D. , Faquin William C. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundNodular fasciitis (NF) is a clonal, self‐limited proliferation that has only rarely been described in the parotid gland. Because of its potential to mimic benign and malignant parotid neoplasms clinically, radiographically, and cytomorphologically, NF is often managed with unnecessary surgery, which is associated with a risk for significant surgical complications. The purpose of this study is to present the clinical and cytomorphologic findings for NF of the parotid gland by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA).MethodsThe pathology archives of the authors’ respective institutions were searched for salivary gland FNA cytology specimens with a confirmed diagnosis of NF. The clinical history, pathologic diagnosis, cytomorphologic findings, and immunocytochemical results were recorded.ResultsA total of 15 cases were identified; the average age was 37 years, and 10 patients (66.7%) were female. Five cases (33.3%), all treated surgically, showed recurrence within an average timeframe of 1.6 months. Only 3 cases (20.0%) were classified as definitive, probable, or suggestive of NF. On average, smears were composed of predominantly single (69.2%), spindled cells (100.0%) with short unipolar (76.9%) and/or bipolar processes (38.5%), round (61.5%) or elongated (84.6%) nuclei, and inconspicuous nucleoli (53.8%). In 69.2%, a tissue‐culture appearance was shown, and 76.9% contained myxoid stroma. In 46.2%, a minimal amount of cytologic atypia was shown.ConclusionsKeeping NF in the differential for any bland, single, spindled cell proliferation with elongated cytoplasmic processes and bland nuclei may prompt the clinician to consider more conservative management in the correct clinical context.
Midline thalamic inputs to the amygdala: Ultrastructure and synaptic targets
Authors: Amir Alon , Paré Jean‐Francois , Smith Yoland , Paré Denis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOne of the main subcortical inputs to the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BL) originates from a group of dorsal thalamic nuclei located at or near the midline, mainly from the central medial (CMT), and paraventricular (PVT) nuclei. Although similarities among the responsiveness of BL, CMT, and PVT neurons to emotionally arousing stimuli suggest that these thalamic inputs exert a significant influence over BL activity, little is known about the synaptic relationships that mediate these effects. Thus, the present study usedPhaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHAL) anterograde tracing and electron microscopy to shed light on the ultrastructural properties and synaptic targets of CMT and PVT axon terminals in the rat BL. Virtually all PHAL‐positive CMT and PVT axon terminals formed asymmetric synapses. Although CMT and PVT axon terminals generally contacted dendritic spines, a substantial number ended on dendritic shafts. To determine whether these dendritic shafts belonged to principal or local‐circuit cells, calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CAMKIIα) immunoreactivity was used as a selective marker of principal BL neurons. In most cases, dendritic shafts postsynaptic to PHAL‐labeled CMT and PVT terminals were immunopositive for CaMKIIα. Overall, these results suggest that CMT and PVT inputs mostly target principal BL neurons such that when CMT or PVT neurons fire, little feed‐forward inhibition counters their excitatory influence over principal cells. These results are consistent with the possibility that CMT and PVT inputs constitute major determinants of BL activity.
Proteome‐Wide Analysis of Cysteine S‐Sulfenylation Using a Benzothiazine‐Based Probe
Authors: Fu Ling , Liu Keke , Ferreira Renan B. , Carroll Kate S. , Yang Jing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOxidation of a protein cysteinyl thiol (Cys‐SH) to S‐sulfenic acid (Cys‐SOH) by a reactive oxygen species (e.g., hydrogen peroxide), which is termed protein S‐sulfenylation, is a reversible post‐translational modification that plays a crucial role in redox regulation of protein function in various biological processes. Due to its intrinsically labile nature, protein S‐sulfenylation cannot be directly detected or analyzed. Chemoselective probing has been the method of choice for analyzing S‐sulfenylated proteins either in vitro or in situ, as it allows stabilization and direct detection of this transient oxidative intermediate. However, it remains challenging to globally pinpoint the specific S‐sulfenylated cysteine sites on complex proteomes and to quantify their dynamic changes upon oxidative stress. This unit describes how a benzothiazine‐based chemoselective probe called BTD and mass spectrometry based chemoproteomics can be used to globally and site‐specifically identify and quantify protein S‐sulfenylation. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.