bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of a competence scale of food safety and hygiene for hospitality students
Authors: Ko Wen‐Hwa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aims to develop a competence scale of food safety and hygiene for hospitality students and tests the factorial structure and validity by conducting confirmatory factor analysis to test for measurement invariance, as well as to determine scale reliability. The results indicate good discriminant validity, convergence validity, and reliability. The two‐level model ‐ two factors have significant better than other models. The food safety and hygiene competence scale includes professional competence dimensions (laws and regulations, basic hygiene knowledge, pre‐handing concepts, food operation procedures, and peripheral norms and regulations) and core competence dimensions (working spirit and attitude).Practical applicationsFood safety is a global important health issue. Many employees who study or have graduated from hospitality related departments work in the hospitality industry. The delivering existing food handler training programs within schools be an important mechanism to maintain the safety and hygiene in the work. The developed food safety and hygiene scale including professional competence dimensions (laws and regulations, basic hygiene knowledge, pre‐handing concepts, food operation procedures, and peripheral norms and regulations) and core competence dimensions (working spirit and attitude) has been development successfully for the students of hospitality departments.
Household Debt Overhang and Transmission of Monetary Policy
Authors: ALPANDA SAMI , ZUBAIRY SARAH 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigate how the level of household indebtedness affects the monetary transmission mechanism in the U.S. economy. Using state‐dependent local projection methods, we find that the effects of monetary policy are less powerful during periods of high household debt. In particular, the impact of monetary policy shocks is smaller on GDP, consumption, residential investment, house prices, and household debt during a high‐debt state. We then build a partial equilibrium model of borrower households with financial constraints to rationalize these facts. The model points to the weakening of the home equity loan channel as a possible reason for the decline in monetary policy effectiveness when initial debt levels are high.
Retrospective time estimation following damage to the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Kurosaki Yoshiko , Terasawa Yuri , Ibata Yukiro , Hashimoto Ryusaku , Umeda Satoshi 
Published: September 2018

Time estimation in patients with prefrontal cortex (PFC) damage is often inaccurate. The relationship between PFC and estimation of short time intervals has been examined. However, it remains unclear whether PFC damage affects estimation of longer time intervals. Here, we investigated the ability of patients and healthy subjects to verbally estimate a period of 30 min, using a method easily applied in clinical settings. In 99 patients with brain damage, we compared under and normal ranges of time in patients with PFC damage or damage to other brain areas with the chi‐squared test. Subsequently, we conducted a discriminant analysis and a multiple linear regression analysis to identify specific brain areas affecting time estimation. We observed a significantly larger number of patients who overestimated 30 min in the group with bilateral PFC damage compared to patients with damage to other regions. Discriminant analysis revealed that damage of right lateral PFC and left medial PFC contributed to discrimination between the normal range and overestimation groups. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that right lateral PFC damage strongly affected overestimation of a 30‐min interval. Neuropsychological test results revealed lower general cognitive function scores and orientation scores in overestimation group. The length of estimated time and the score of delayed word recall were negatively correlated. We propose that these may require encoding, maintenance, and updating of memory and are indirectly related to contextual memory. We discuss hypotheses on contextual memory segmentation and reconstruction to clarify the mechanism of impaired time overestimation in PFC‐damaged patients.
Reliability and validity of last menstrual period for gestational age estimation in a low‐to‐middle‐income setting
Authors: Macaulay Shelley , Buchmann Eckhart J. , Dunger David B. , Norris Shane A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimGestational age estimation by ultrasonography is the gold standard for dating pregnancies. However, the availability of prenatal ultrasonography in low‐to‐middle‐income countries is limited. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of last menstrual period (LMP) as a gestational age dating method among women in Johannesburg, South Africa.MethodsA total of 741 pregnant women were enrolled into a longitudinal study (June 2013 to July 2016). Gestational age was determined by LMP and ultrasonography. Differences in ultrasound‐based and LMP‐based gestational age estimates were assessed according to the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists’ guidelines and women were classified as having discrepant results or not. Multiple statistical analyses determined the level of agreement between the two methods and validity of LMP estimates.ResultsCompared to ultrasound, dating by LMP assessed gestational age as 0.2 days longer. Women with discrepant results were of significantly lower weight and household socioeconomic status than those without discrepancies. While there was a substantial agreement (k = 0.64; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.54, 0.71, P < 0.001) between the two methods, LMP only had a 29.0% (95% CI: 14.2, 48.0) sensitivity in identifying late‐term neonates and a 33.3% (95% CI: 4.33, 77.7) sensitivity in identifying post‐term neonates.ConclusionIn the absence of ultrasound, LMP is a reliable alternative for gestational age dating during early pregnancy. However, it is not sensitive in identifying late‐ and post‐term pregnancies and should not be relied upon to make clinical decisions regarding elective cesarean section or induction of labor for supposed prolonged pregnancies.
New terminology for adverse events of fetal therapy: Re‐evaluation of the thoraco‐amniotic shunting in a Japanese study
Authors: Takahashi Yuichiro , Sago Haruhiko , Ishii Keisuke , Murakoshi Takeshi , Murotsuki Jun , Nakata Masahiko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimSince fetal therapy has been newly developed, objective evaluation of adverse events (AE), all harmful events that are not always related to the procedures, has not yet been adequately reported. We established new terminology and tried to re‐evaluate it based on the Japanese prospective thoraco‐amniotic shunting (TAS) study.MethodsFrom the literature, all complications that occurred with all fetal therapies were identified as a basis for developing the terminology. Grading was set from 0 to 5. Grade 3 was defined as the need for invasive treatment, such as surgery. Grade 4 was defined as life‐threatening, and Grade 5 was defined as death of the mother or fetus. Then, one series of TAS that we had already reported was re‐evaluated, including 24 cases with 37 procedures and 200 opportunities those could be evaluated AE after procedures.ResultsGrade 4 preterm rupture of the membranes was reported in only 1 of 24 cases. Catheter displacement was reported in 7, 2 and 11 cases, of Grades 1, 2 and 3, respectively. It was found that the double‐basket catheter had some association with catheter displacement, but it was clear that there were no life‐threatening AE.ConclusionNewly developed AE criteria are now available for fetal therapy. They will contribute to the objective evaluation of AE of new fetal therapies in the future.
Relationship between MRGPRX2 and pethidine hydrochloride- or fentanyl citrate-induced LAD2 cell degranulation
Authors: Liu Rui , Wang Jue , Zhao Tingting , Cao Jiao , Che Delu , Ma Pengyu , Zhang Yongjing , Zhang Tao , Wang Nan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Pethidine hydrochloride (PH) and fentanyl citrate (FC) are opioid receptor agonists commonly used to treat pain clinically. PH and FC have been reported to have a high potential for pseudoallergic effects, but the underlying mechanism has not been well studied. MRGPRX2 is a novel atypical opioid receptor that is mainly expressed in human mast cells and considered to mediate drug-induced pseudoallergic reactions. This study aimed to investigate the allergy effect of these two opioid receptor agonists and the possible association of MRGPRX2 with this response.

Methods
HEK293-MRGPRX2/CMC assay, molecular docking assay, calcium mobilization assay, the test of β-hexosaminidase, histamine and cytokine release assay were performed in this article.

Key findings
PH but not FC induced LAD2 cell activation and degranulation dose-dependently. Histamine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1β) levels were upregulated by PH, but not FC. The PH-induced activation of mast cell was MRGPRX2-dependent.

Conclusions
PH but not FC activated mast cells, leading to degranulation mediated via MRGPRX2 receptors, which could be greatly significant in future clinical applications of opioid receptor drugs.
Culture and anarchy in mid‐seventeenth‐century Ireland: The strange case of James Shirley at Werburgh Street
Authors: Hadfield Andrew 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this essay, I will explore the work of James Shirley as the first incumbent English playwright in Ireland. I will look at the reasons why Shirley might have gone to Ireland and what his prolonged, not always happy, time in Dublin tells us about the state of Anglo‐Irish theatre and the relationship between the metropolitan and colonial capitals. I will argue that Shirley's drama was shaped by the conflicting forces of the Dublin theatre. He was expected to establish English civility but also had to appeal to an audience which needed to be entertained. He was chosen because he was successful, but the prologues to his plays suggest that he felt much more of a failure. He had an ostensibly hostile attitude to his audience—which may not have helped his popularity—but produced works which engaged with contemporary concerns in an oblique manner. There have been numerous studies of English writers in Ireland, and perhaps more work needs to be carried out in other areas if we want to increase our understanding of early modern Ireland, rather than this relatively exhausted field. But if any major English writer still has anything to reveal about the Irish culture in which he worked, it is surely Shirley.
Genomic evidence for asymmetric introgression by sexual selection in the common wall lizard
Authors: Yang Weizhao , While Geoffrey M. , Laakkonen Hanna , Sacchi Roberto , Zuffi Marco A. L. , Scali Stefano , Salvi Daniele , Uller Tobias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStrongly selected characters can be transferred from one lineage to another with limited genetic exchange, resulting in asymmetric introgression and a mosaic genome in the receiving population. However, systems are rarely sufficiently well studied to link the pattern of introgression to its underlying process. Male common wall lizards in western Italy exhibit exaggeration of a suite of sexually selected characters that make them outcompete males from a distantly related lineage that lack these characters. This results in asymmetric hybridization and adaptive introgression of the suite of characters following secondary contact. We developed genomewide markers to infer the demographic history of gene flow between different genetic lineages, identify the spread of the sexually selected syndrome, and test the prediction that introgression should be asymmetric and heterogeneous across the genome. Our results show that secondary contact was accompanied by gene flow in both directions across most of the genome, but with approximately 3% of the genome showing highly asymmetric introgression in the predicted direction. Demographic simulations reveal that this asymmetric gene flow is more recent than the initial secondary contact, and the data suggest that the exaggerated male sexual characters originated within the Italian lineage and subsequently spread throughout this lineage before eventually reaching the contact zone. These results demonstrate that sexual selection can cause a suite of characters to spread throughout both closely and distantly related lineages with limited gene flow across the genome at large.
Cell death triggered by the P25 protein in Potato virus X‐associated synergisms results from endoplasmic reticulum stress in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Aguilar Emmanuel , del Toro Francisco J. , Brosseau Chantal , Moffett Peter , Canto Tomás , Tenllado Francisco 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe synergistic interaction of Potato virus X (PVX) with a number of potyviruses results in systemic necrosis in Nicotiana spp. Previous investigations have indicated that the viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) protein P25 of PVX triggers systemic necrosis in PVX‐associated synergisms in a threshold‐dependent manner. However, little is still known about the cellular processes that lead to this necrosis, and whether the VSR activity of P25 is involved in its elicitation. Here, we show that transient expression of P25 in the presence of VSRs from different viruses, including the helper component‐proteinase (HC‐Pro) of potyviruses, induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), which ultimately lead to ER collapse. However, the host RNA silencing pathway was dispensable for the elicitation of cell death by P25. Confocal microscopy studies in leaf patches co‐expressing P25 and HC‐Pro showed dramatic alterations in ER membrane structures, which correlated with the up‐regulation of bZIP60 and several ER‐resident chaperones, including the ER luminal binding protein (BiP). Overexpression of BiP alleviated the cell death induced by the potexviral P25 protein when expressed together with VSRs derived from different viruses. Conversely, silencing of the UPR master regulator, bZIP60, led to an increase in cell death elicited by the P25/HC‐Pro combination as well as by PVX‐associated synergism. In addition to its role as a negative regulator of P25‐induced cell death, UPR partially restricted PVX infection. Thus, systemic necrosis caused by PVX‐associated synergistic infections is probably the effect of an unmitigated ER stress following the overaccumulation of a viral protein, P25, with ER remodelling activity.
The evolution of surgical approach for esophageal cancer
Authors: Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Hagens Eliza R.C. , Ruurda Jelle P. , Schneider Paul M. , Tan Li Jie , Domrachev Sergey A. , Hoeppner Jens , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEsophageal surgery for esophageal cancer has been performed for over a century now. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) was first described in 1992, and it is now a standard approach in many countries. However, MIE is technically difficult and requires a long learning curve. It takes >100 cases to train for MIE with gastric tube reconstruction with an intrathoracic anastomosis. A possible option to overcome several challenges of MIE might be the use of a robotic system. A robot‐assisted MIE was first described in 2005, and long‐term results have shown its feasibility and safety. Over the years, different approaches for esophagectomy have been established. Our review discusses these developments and recent literature on open, minimally invasive and robotic esophageal surgery.
The effect of statins on the recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Peng Hong , Yang Yuan , Zhao Yue , Xiao Hua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo more precisely evaluate the effect of statins on patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation, we performed a meta‐analysis of published studies.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for all relevant published articles from the date of inception to April 2017. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were then calculated and pooled using a random‐effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic.ResultsNine studies with a total of 1,607 patients were included in the analysis. Overall, statins did not reduce the recurrence rate of AF after catheter ablation (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.59–1.10, P = 0.18). However, in the subgroup analysis, the randomized control trial (RCT) group significantly reduced the recurrence of AF (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30–0.75, P = 0.001). Conversely, the retrospective cohort study subgroup also had a negative result (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.78–1.36, P = 0.82).ConclusionsStatin use was associated with a significantly lower AF recurrence rate in RCTs but not in the whole analysis and the observational studies.
Palatability of hypoallergenic formulas for cow's milk allergy and healthcare professional recommendation
Authors: Maslin Kate , Fox Adam T. , Chambault Marleen , Meyer Rosan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundCows ‘milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy in infants in the United Kingdom. Infants with CMPA who are not exclusively breastfed require a substitute hypoallergenic formula, which are perceived as having a poor palatability. This study compares the palatability of different extensively hydrolysed formulas (EHFs) and explores healthcare professional (HCP) expectations of how palatability impacts infants and their families.MethodsHealthcare professional with experience of CMPA were recruited to take part in a home palatability test of four EHFs [Aptamil Pepti 1, Nutricia Ltd. (EHF W1); Althera, Nestle Health Science (EHF W2); Similac Alimentum, Abbott (EHF C1); Nutramigen LGG 1, Mead Johnson (EHF C2)] using a blind taste procedure. A randomised, complete block design was used to minimise order and carry‐over biases. Participants completed a questionnaire about the impact of formula palatability on infants and their families.ResultsA total of 100 HCPs took part (51 dietitians and 49 general practitioners). Overall, whey‐based lactose‐containing EHFs were ranked the most palatable: EHF W1 by 77% of participants and EHF W2 by 20%. EHF W1 was liked significantly more (P < 0.0001) than the other formulas. The vast majority of participants agreed that better palatability would result in an increased chance of non‐rejection (96%), more content families (92%) and decreased healthcare costs (90%).ConclusionAmongst HCPs who manage infants with CMPA, whey‐based lactose‐containing EHFs were ranked the most palatable. HCPs expected that good palatability would result in better acceptance, more content infants and families, alongside decreased wastage and healthcare costs.
How Fast Can Thiols Bind to the Gold Nanoparticle Surface?
Authors: Bard Amanda , Rondon Rebeca , Marquez Daniela T. , Lanterna Anabel E. , Scaiano Juan C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractKinetics of gold nanoparticle surface modification with thiols can take more than one hour for completion. 7‐mercapto‐4‐methylcoumarin can be used to follow the process by fluorescence spectroscopy and serves as a convenient molecular probe to determine relative kinetics. SERS studies with aromatic thiols further support the slow surface modification kinetics observed by fluorescence spectroscopy. The formation of thiolate bonds is a relatively slow process; we recommend one to two hour wait for thiol binding to be essentially complete, while for disulfides, overnight incubation is suggested.
Negative Externality of Fiscal Problems: Dissecting the Contagion Effect of Municipal Bankruptcy
Authors: Yang Lang (Kate) 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe fiscal decision of one local government may spill over to other localities, and such externality could justify and inform policy making by a higher‐level government. Theories of municipal bond market contagion postulate that once a local government files for bankruptcy, localities sharing similar characteristics will be perceived negatively by creditors and charged a higher interest rate. In this article, empirical examination of the second‐largest municipal bankruptcy in American history shows no support for general contagion based on geographic proximity. That is, nearby localities did not pay a higher interest rate after the bankruptcy. However, case‐specific contagion formed around borrower‐ and bond‐specific characteristics contributing to the bankruptcy: general‐purpose borrowers and general‐obligation bonds experienced increased borrowing costs after the bankruptcy. These findings have implications for states considering granting authorizations for municipal bankruptcy or providing financial assistance to struggling localities, as well as for local governments planning to access the municipal bond market.
Questioning the benefit of restrictive transfusion practice in older adults
Authors: Simon Geoff I. , Craswell Alison , Thom Ogilvie , Fung Yoke Lin 
Published: September 2018

Restrictive transfusion practice is widely promoted, with many international guidelines recommending haemoglobin thresholds of 70 to 80 g/l for adult patients who are asymptomatic. Randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes associated with liberal and restrictive transfusion strategies underpin this approach. Meta‐analyses including trials of adult patients >18 years of age have concluded that restrictive practice is noninferior to liberal transfusion approaches. A restrictive approach to transfusion reduces resource consumption and cost, as well as the hazards associated with unnecessary exposure to blood products. Although adults aged ≥65 years consume over half of the blood supply, there are few randomized controlled transfusion trials exclusive to this cohort. Our 2017 meta‐analysis of a small number of trials focussed on older adults found that higher transfusion haemoglobin thresholds were associated with lower mortality and fewer cardiac complications in this age group. Other studies have also shown that higher transfusion haemoglobin thresholds are beneficial in older adults. This paper presents recent evidence regarding transfusion outcomes in older adults and discusses aspects of the pathophysiology of ageing that impact on the reduced resilience of older patients to anaemic states. This evidence challenges the use of Hb thresholds that apply across the adult lifespan, regardless of age. It proposes that older age be considered as a risk factor in assessing transfusion requirements, and that transfusion practice in older adults may require higher haemoglobin thresholds than for younger adults.
Molecular Epidemiology, Ecology, and Evolution of Group A Streptococci
Authors: Bessen Debra E. , Smeesters Pierre R. , Beall Bernard W. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe clinico-epidemiological features of diseases caused by group A streptococci (GAS) is presented through the lens of the ecology, population genetics, and evolution of the organism. The serological targets of three typing schemes (M, T, SOF) are themselves GAS cell surface proteins that have a myriad of virulence functions and a diverse array of structural forms. Horizontal gene transfer expands the GAS antigenic cell surface repertoire by generating numerous combinations of M, T, and SOF antigens. However, horizontal gene transfer of the serotype determinant genes is not unconstrained, and therein lies a genetic organization that may signify adaptations to a narrow ecological niche, such as the primary tissue reservoirs of the human host. Adaptations may be further shaped by selection pressures such as herd immunity. Understanding the molecular evolution of GAS on multiple levels—short, intermediate, and long term—sheds insight on mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions, the emergence and spread of new clones, rational vaccine design, and public health interventions.