bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrital Food Web Drives Aquatic Ecosystem Productivity in a Managed Floodplain
Authors: Jeffres Carson A. , Holmes Eric J. , Sommer Ted R. , Katz Jacob V.E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDifferences in basal carbon sources, invertebrate density and salmon growth rate were observed in food webs across a lateral transect of aquatic habitats in the Sacramento River Valley, California. Similar to many large river valleys globally, the Sacramento River Valley has been extensively drained and leveed, hydrologically divorcing most floodplain wetlands and off-channel aquatic habitats from river channels. Today, the former floodplain is extensively managed for agriculture and wildlife habitat. Food web structure and juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) growth were compared in three aquatic habitat types–river channel, a perennial drainage canal in the floodplain, and agricultural floodplain wetlands, which was seasonally inundated to provide bird and fish habitat during the non-agricultural growth season (late winter). Zooplankton densities on the floodplain wetland were 53 times more abundant, on average, than in the river. Juvenile Chinook Salmon raised on the floodplain wetland grew at mm/day, a rate 5x faster than fish raised in the adjacent river habitat (0.18 mm/day). Mean water residence times calculated for the floodplain agricultural wetland, perennial drainage canal and Sacramento River were 2.15 days, 23.5 seconds, and 1.7 seconds, respectively. Carbon in the floodplain wetland food web was sourced primarily through heterotrophic detrital pathways while carbon in the river was primarily autotrophic and sourced from in situ phytoplankton production. Hydrologic conditions typifying the ephemeral floodplain-shallower depths, warmer water, longer residence times and detrital carbon sources compared to deeper, colder, swifter water and an algal-based carbon source in the adjacent river channel-appear to facilitate the dramatically higher rates of food web production observed in floodplain verses river channel habitats. These results suggest that hydrologic patterns associated with winter flooding provide Mediterranean river systems access to detrital carbon sources that appear to be important energy sources for the production of fisheries and other aquatic resources.
Implementing AASB 15 revenue from contracts with customers: the preparer perspective
Authors: Davern Michael , Gyles Nikole , Potter Brad , Yang Victor 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This study aims to examine the implementation of AASB 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers to provide insight into preparers’ perspectives on the challenges, costs and benefits experienced in implementing a new and complex standard.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a survey of 143 financial statement preparers engaged in implementing AASB 15.

Findings
The results reveal significant variation in the approach to, and progress in, implementing AASB 15.

Research limitations/implications
The study provides evidence of the role of proprietary costs in implementing a new standard and suggests that preparers adopt a more pragmatic view of the nature of compliance compared to standard-setters.

Practical implications
The evidence in this study strongly suggests that there is little to be gained in deferring effective dates for new standards. It suggests that standard-setters can motivate entities by framing a standard in terms of how it improves the business itself, rather than from a compliance framing.

Originality/value
This study provides a rare perspective on the actual implementation experience of preparers confronted with the introduction of a new standard. Such a perspective is of value to standard-setters and preparers and offers insight to researchers that cannot be gained from traditional capital market archival approaches.
Progress, traditions and future directions in research on disasters involving slow-onset hazards
Authors: Staupe-Delgado Reidar 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe importance of onset speed has been stressed by disaster researchers and inter-governmental bodies for some time, but its meaning and knowledge frontier has not been explored in depth. The purpose of this paper is to contextualise disasters involving slow-onset hazards within the broader literature on disasters, assess the current state of knowledge and identify themes in the literature.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs a semi-structured review design with the purpose of identifying both scholarship engaging directly with the term and less obvious but related literatures.FindingsThe majority of publications that mention slow-onset hazards and their adverse impacts do so only by means of delimitation. The paper finds that there is a great need for empirical and theoretical work on onset and manifestation speed and to test the degree to which existing theories and frameworks of disaster management are also relevant for the study of slow-onset hazard impacts.Research limitations/implicationsThe review identifies several gaps in existing research disasters involving slow-onset hazards and proposes research on community, political, policy and practical challenges, including answering the question of how to secure proactive response to emerging slow-onset hazard impacts.Practical implicationsIn theory, hazards with a gradual and creeping onset are easier to manage and proactively respond to than that of sudden and unexpected ones. Not only do slow-onset hazards provide more lead time, but also a larger potential for proactive response, which in turn provides ample time to take early action to cushion their impacts. Yet, warnings often go unheard and response is put on hold until impacts become unnecessarily costly to reverse. More research on onset speed and gradual manifestation patterns should therefore be carried out.Originality/valueGradually occurring hazards have remained largely absent from the core literature on disasters, including most definitions of the term. This paper represents an initial effort to assess the state-of-the-art on the concept and the phenomenon of disasters involving slow-onset hazards.
Dynamics of immigrant assimilation: lessons from immigrants’ trust
Authors: Lim Sokchea , Morshed A.K.M. Mahbub 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics and persistence of interpersonal trust among immigrants in the USA. More specifically, the authors investigate the association between the levels of trust of US immigrants and the levels of trust in their home countries across different cohorts and generations of immigrants.Design/methodology/approachIn order to quantify the extent of this relationship, the authors use two large sets of survey data, the General Social Survey and the World Value Survey, to construct the trust of immigrants in the USA and their levels of trust in their country of origin. The final sample size for the immigrants’ trust is 27,531 observations.FindingsThe examination of the two trust variables at different levels and for different cohorts show that there is an association between the levels of US immigrants’ trust and the levels of trust in the country of origin, suggesting that immigrants bring their culture with them and transmit it to the next generation. However, this association differs across various cohorts and generations of immigrants. The transmission of trust is strong in the second generation but becomes weaker in the third generation and seems to disappear in the fourth generation.Social implicationsEmpirical estimates of how long the cultural traits embodied in a new immigrant are sustained in the newly adopted country are essential to the appraisal of the current apparent segregation of immigrants in the USA.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on the under-researched area of the dynamic properties of immigrants’ trust by using large data sets from social surveys. The authors examine this cultural assimilation across different cohorts and generations.
Policy shocks, current account and the macroeconomy in a developing country
Authors: Basu Moumita , Nag Ranjanendra Narayan 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This is a theoretical paper in the field of international macroeconomics. The purpose of this paper is to focus on a dynamic interaction between current account imbalance and unemployment in response to some policy-induced shocks for a small open economy under a flexible exchange rate.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a two-sector framework: one sector is traded and another is the non-traded sector that is subject to an effective demand constraint. The current account imbalance arises due to the discrepancy between production of traded goods, household consumption of traded goods and government purchases of importables. The authors keep the asset structure simple by considering only domestic currency and foreign bonds that are imperfect substitutes. The paper considers a standard methodology of dynamic adjustment process involving change in foreign exchange reserves and exchange rate under perfect foresight. The saddle path properties of the equilibrium are also examined.

Findings
The results of comparative static exercises depend on a set of structural features of a developing country, which include asset substitutability, wage price rigidity and sectoral asymmetries. The paper shows that expansionary monetary policy, balanced budget fiscal expansion and financial liberalization have an ambiguous effect on the current account balance, foreign exchange reserves, non-traded sector and the level of employment.

Originality/value
The existence of Keynesian unemployment with fixed prices is the key ingredient of this paper. The paper introduces the problem of effective demand to analyze the dynamics of current account balance and exchange rate, which, in turn, determine the sectoral composition of output and level of employment.
The shape of income distribution and decomposition of the changes in income inequality in India
Authors: Mishra Aswini Kumar , Kumar Anil , Sinha Abhishek 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Though Indian economy since 1980s has expanded very rapidly, yet the benefits of growth remain very unequally distributed. The purpose of this paper is to provide new evidence about the shape, intensity and decomposition of inequality change between 2005 and 2012. The authors find that Gini, as a measure of income inequality, has increased irrespective of geographic regions.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a recent distribution analysis tool, “ABG,” the paper focuses on local inequality, and summarizes the shape of inequality in terms of three inequality parameters (α, β and γ) to examine how the income distributions have changed over time. Here, the central coefficient (α) measures inequality at the median level, with adjustment parameters at the top (β) and bottom (γ).

Findings
The results reveal that at the middle of distribution (α), there is almost the same inequality in both the periods, but the coefficients on the curvature parameters β and γ show that there is increasing inequality in the subsequent period. Finally, an analysis of decomposition of inequality change suggests that though income growth was progressive, however, this equalizing effect was more than offset by the disequalizing effect of income reranking.

Research limitations/implications
This paper shows how it can be possible both for “the poor” to fare badly relatively to “the rich” and for income growth to be pro-poor.

Practical implications
This paper stresses the significance of inequality reduction.

Social implications
Inequality reduction is very much imperative in ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity.

Originality/value
Perhaps, this research work is first of its kind to examine the shape and decomposition of change in income inequality in India in recent years.
In‐the‐Moment Drinking Characteristics: An Examination Across Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder History and Race
Authors: McKone Kirsten M. P. , Kennedy Traci M. , Piasecki Thomas M. , Molina Brooke S. G. , Pedersen Sarah L. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundAdults with a history of childhood attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Black drinkers are at elevated risk for alcohol problems and alcohol use disorder. Processes that increase risk for these distinct populations have not focused on in‐the‐moment behaviors that occur while drinking. The present study examined in‐the‐moment drinking characteristics (i.e., location, social context, day, time, drink type, speed of consumption) that may differ for individuals with and without ADHD histories or for Black and White drinkers. We also examined the interplay among these in‐the‐moment drinking characteristics to further understanding of contexts when risk may be momentarily increased.MethodsAs part of a larger study, 135 individuals (Mage = 27.81, 69.6% male, 45.9% ADHD, 69.6% White) completed a 10‐day ecological momentary assessment protocol that included self‐initiated reports following consumption of an alcoholic drink. Hypotheses were tested using multilevel modeling.ResultsControlling for multiple demographic covariates, Black drinkers drank significantly more quickly than White drinkers and were more likely to consume hard liquor–containing beverages. Differences in drinking speed remained significant when adjusting for Black drinkers’ greater likelihood to consume liquor‐containing beverages and momentary experience of discrimination; however, Black drinkers’ increased likelihood to consume liquor‐containing beverages was no longer significant when adjusting for momentary experience of discrimination. Individuals with ADHD histories did not differ from those without ADHD histories in any in‐the‐moment drinking characteristics. ADHD and race did not interact to predict any drinking characteristic.ConclusionsDifferences in speed of alcohol consumption and propensity to consume liquor‐containing beverages may contribute to increased risk for alcohol problems experienced by Black drinkers compared to White drinkers.
Tuning In, Not Turning Out: Evaluating the Impact of Ethnic Television on Political Participation
Authors: Velez Yamil Ricardo , Newman Benjamin J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite the importance of ethnic television within immigrant communities, its effects on political participation are unclear. On the one hand, ethnic media can mobilize and inform voters. On the other hand, it can serve as a source of diversion and reduce the desire to participate. To evaluate these competing possibilities, we implement a geographic regression discontinuity (GRD) approach involving Federal Communication Commission reception boundaries for Spanish‐language television stations in two states. Additionally, we replicate and unpack our GRD analyses using three nationally representative samples of Latinos. Across multiple studies, we find that access to Spanish‐language television is associated with decreases in turnout, ethnic civic participation, and political knowledge. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings on the ethnic politics, political communication, and social capital literatures.
Poverty in Transit: Uber, Taxi Coops, and the Struggle over Philadelphia's Transportation Economy
Authors: Borowiak Craig 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article examines how ride‐hailing companies like Uber have disrupted not only the mainstream taxi industry but also progressive efforts to remedy that industry's shortcomings. The article focuses on Alliance Taxi Cooperative (ATC), a failed taxi worker cooperative in Philadelphia. ATC was deeply committed to economic democracy, living wages, and outreach to underserved communities. Its ambitions were nevertheless thwarted by regulatory obstruction and market disruptions caused by Uber. Drawing on relational poverty theory and literature on solidarity economy and platform capitalism, I suggest that ATC's story offers more than a cautionary tale about the pitfalls facing small taxi start‐ups. It also illuminates a great deal about the exploitative conditions and discriminatory geographies of the taxi and ride‐hailing industry, the biases of regulatory agencies, and the complicated ways that platform capitalism is refiguring class dynamics.
Antibiotic therapy as personalized medicine – general considerations and complicating factors
Authors: Moser Claus , Lerche Christian Johann , Thomsen Kim , Hartvig Tom , Schierbeck Jens , Jensen Peter Østrup , Ciofu Oana , Høiby Niels 
Published: April 2019

The discovery of antibiotic drugs is considered one of the previous century's most important medical discoveries (Medicine's 10 greatest discoveries. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998: 263). Appropriate use of antibiotics saves millions of lives each year and prevents infectious complications for numerous people. Still, infections kill unacceptable many people around the world, even in developed countries with easy access to most antibiotic drugs. Optimal use of antibiotics is dependent on the identification of primary and secondary focus, and knowledge on which pathogens to expect in a specific infectious syndrome and information on general patterns of regional antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, sampling for microbiological analysis, knowledge of patient immune status and organ functions, travel history, pharmacokinetics and ‐dynamics of the different antibiotics and possible biofilm formation are among several factors involved in antibiotic therapy of infectious diseases. The present review aims at describing important considerations when using antibacterial antibiotics and to describe how this is becoming substantially more personalized. The parameters relevant in considering the optimal use of antibiotics to treat infections are shown in Fig. 1 – leading to the most relevant antibiotic therapy for that specific patient. To illustrate this subject, the present review's focus will be on challenges with optimal dosing of antibiotics and risks of underdosing. Especially, in cases highly challenging for achieving the aimed antibiotic effect against bacterial infections – this includes augmented renal clearance (ARC) in sepsis, dosing challenges of antibiotics in pregnancy and against biofilm infections.
Identification of monellin as the first naturally derived proteinaceous allosteric agonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
Authors: Chen Amy N. Y. , Hellyer Shane D. , Trinh Phuc N. H. , Leach Katie , Gregory Karen J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAllosteric modulators bind sites distinct from orthosteric ligands, allowing for improved spatiotemporal control of receptors and greater subtype selectivity. However, we recently showed that allosteric ligands previously classified as selective for select Class C G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) had unappreciated activity at other off‐target receptors, in some cases higher affinity, within the class. Here, we extended our investigation of off‐target activity of “selective” allosteric ligands for the sweet taste receptor. Using metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) as a representative of Class C GPCR, we assessed the sweet protein, monellin and the small‐molecule artificial sweetener, NHDC. We found that monellin, but not NHDC, is an agonist for mGlu5. Radioligand binding and functional assays performed in cells expressing N‐terminally truncated mGlu5 demonstrated that monellin agonism was not mediated via the “common” allosteric binding site in the transmembrane domain but required the presence of the large extracellular N‐terminal domain of mGlu5. Monellin displayed neutral functional cooperativity with orthosteric ligands. However, monellin positively modulated the mGlu5 PAM‐agonist, VU0424465, activity in intracellular calcium assays, but the interaction was neutral in inositol phosphate accumulation assays. Furthermore, monellin mGlu5 agonism was positively modulated by the mGlu5 pure PAM, VU0360172. Taken together, these data indicate that monellin is an allosteric agonist for mGlu5, binding to an allosteric binding site on the N‐terminus that is functionally linked to the common Class C GPCR allosteric site in a biased manner. This is the first evidence of a naturally derived proteinaceous allosteric ligand for the mGlu receptor family.
Family influences on child nutritional outcomes in Nairobi's informal settlements
Authors: Faye Cheikh Mbacké , Fonn Sharon , Kimani‐Murage Elizabeth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundImproving child nutritional status is an important step towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 3 in developing countries. Most child nutrition interventions in these countries remain variably effective because the strategies often target the child's mother/caregiver and give limited attention to other household members. Quantitative studies have identified individual level factors, such as mother and child attributes, influencing child nutritional outcomes.MethodsWe used a qualitative approach to explore the influence of household members on child feeding, in particular, the roles of grandmothers and fathers, in two Nairobi informal settlements. Using in‐depth interviews, we collected data from mothers of under‐five children, grandmothers, and fathers from the same households.ResultsOur findings illustrate that poverty is a root cause of poor nutrition. We found that mothers are not the sole decision makers within the household regarding the feeding of their children, as grandmothers appear to play key roles. Even in urban informal settlements, three‐generation households exist and must be taken into account. Fathers, however, are described as providers of food and are rarely involved in decision making around child feeding. Lastly, we illustrate that promotion of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, as recommended by the World Health Organization, is hard to achieve in this community.ConclusionsThese findings call for a more holistic and inclusive approach for tackling suboptimal feeding in these communities by addressing poverty, targeting both mothers and grandmothers in child nutrition strategies, and promoting environments that support improved feeding practices such as home‐based support for breastfeeding and other baby‐friendly initiatives.
Board informal hierarchy and stock price crash risk: Theory and evidence from China
Authors: Jebran Khalil , Chen Shihua , Zhu David H. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTResearch Question/Issue: This study examines how the informal hierarchy among directors of a firm influences the risk of stock price crash. We theorize that a clear informal hierarchy among directors increases managerial coordination of activities to hide bad news, which increases the risk of future stock price crash.Research Findings/Insights: Consistent with our theoretical predictions, our findings show that the informal hierarchy among directors, measured based on the number of board appointments they have, is positively associated with the risk of future stock price crash. This association is weaker for firms with larger boards but stronger when the CEO's status is higher than that of the majority of the directors on the board. We also find evidence that information hierarchy increases the degree to which managers hide bad news.Theoretical/Academic Implications: This study advances our understanding by showing that an informal hierarchy that tacitly forms among directors on a board can significantly guide boardroom interactions. Specifically, the findings suggest that a clear informal hierarchy among directors enhances their coordination to hide bad news and thereby increases stock price crash risk. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that CEO's status and board size are important factors influencing the functioning of board informal hierarchy.Practitioner/Policy Implications: The results have important implications for researchers and policymakers. The findings show that the informal hierarchy among directors can shape managerial behavior and guide boardroom interactions. The results also suggest that improving formal governance mechanisms can enhance boardroom interactions by moderating the effects of informal hierarchy in the context of China.