bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of the antiphospholipid syndrome with direct oral	anticoagulants
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert , Langer Florian , Kalka Christoph , Konstantinides Stavros , Klamroth Robert , Oldenburg Johannes , Schellong Sebastian , Scholz Ute , Stücker Markus , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard 
Published: August 2019

Summary. The antiphospholipid-syndrome (APS) is one of the most severe forms of thrombophilia, which may not only lead to recurrent venous but also to arterial thromboembolic events (TE), and to severe pregnancy complications, respectively. APS is defined by clinical symptoms and specific laboratory findings: 1. Lupus anticoagulant (LA), 2. anticardiolipin-antibodies (ACA), and 3. β2-Glycoprotein I-antibodies (β2GPI-Ab). All test results have to be confirmed after at least 12 weeks. The thrombotic risk is highest, if all 3 test groups are positive. It must be pointed out that the presence of UFH, VKA or DOACs may lead to false positive LA-test results; the addition of a specific absorber after blood sampling may provide reliable results in the presence of DOACs. A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing warfarin and rivaroxaban (TRAPS-trial) including only high-risk patients with triple positive APS was terminated early because of an increased rate of TE in patients treated with rivaroxaban [19 %, mostly arterial, compared to 3 % with warfarin (HR 7.4;1.7–32.9)]. Subsequently, a warning letter was issued by the pharmaceutical manufacturers of DOACs, including a warning of DOAC use in APS-patients, particularly in triple-positive high-risk patients. Conclusions: 1. Clinical suspicion of APS requires careful diagnostic testing. Because of inadequate diagnostic workup, many patients may not even have an APS, and these patients could be adequately treated with a DOAC. 2. Patients with single or double positive antiphospholipid antibodies but without positive LA may have a comparably low thrombotic risk and may also be treated with a DOAC in venous TE – sufficient evidence for that conclusion is not yet available but is suggested by the results of meta-analyses. 3. Triple positive patients or those with APS who suffered from arterial thromboembolism have a very high recurrence risk of thrombosis; the TRAPS-Study shows that these patients should be treated with VKA instead of a DOAC.
The Effects of Exposure to Positive Gender Stereotypes on	Women’s and Men’s Performance in Counter-Stereotypical Tasks and	Pursuit of Agentic and Communal Goals
Authors: Kahalon Rotem , Shnabel Nurit , Becker Julia C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Two studies examined the effects of exposure to positive gender stereotypes on performance in counter-stereotypical domains and pursuit of agentic and communal goals. Exposure to stereotypes about women’s communality (Study 1, N = 108) led to impaired math performance among women, regardless of their math identification. Exposure to stereotypes about men’s agency (Study 2, N = 129) led to impaired performance in a test of socio-emotional ability among men high in domain identification. Moreover, among women with high math identification, exposure to the communality stereotype increased the pursuit of agentic goals. Among men, exposure to the agency stereotype tended to decrease the pursuit of communal goals. These results are consistent with accumulating evidence for the “dark side” of positive stereotypes, yet, for women, they also point to active attempts to counteract them.
Toward Understanding Direct Absorption and Grain Size Feedbacks by Dust Radiative Forcing in Snow With Coupled Snow Physical and Radiative Transfer Modeling
Authors: Skiles S. McKenzie , Painter Thomas H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe darkening of the snow surface by light‐absorbing particles impacts snow albedo directly by increasing absorption of shortwave radiation in the visible wavelengths. This indirectly enhances the rate of snow grain coarsening, which determines absorption in the near‐infrared wavelengths. In combination, these processes reduce snow albedo over the full range of snow reflectance, accelerating melt, and impacting regional climate and hydrology. Accurate parameterizations of snow albedo should represent both the direct and indirect radiative impacts. Here dust‐influenced snow cover evolution was simulated at Senator Beck Basin Study Area, San Juan Mountains, CO with a multilayer physically based snow process model. The model was modified to track dust stratigraphy, and coupled to a snow/aerosol radiative transfer model to inform reflected shortwave radiation based on snow properties, dust concentrations, and region‐specific dust optical properties. This varies from previous efforts to constrain the magnitude of accelerated melt due to dust by directly and physically representing the processes that determine the radiative impacts. Model outputs, including effective grain size, dust stratigraphy, timing of dust emergence, and albedo, were validated with a near daily snow and light‐absorbing particle physical and optical property data set, and were well simulated. Daily mean radiative forcing ranged from 2 to 109 W/m2 and was 30 W/m2 on average over the full simulation, advancing snowmelt by 30 days. A partitioning of direct and indirect radiative impacts shows that direct absorption by dust contributes ~80% of total radiative forcing, with grain coarsening accounting for ~20%.
Fragments of Metasomatized Forearc: Origin and Implications of Mafic and Ultramafic Xenoliths From Kharchinsky Volcano, Kamchatka
Authors: Siegrist M. , Yogodzinski G. , Bizimis M. , Fournelle J. , Churikova T. , Dektor C. , Mobley R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDunite, harzburgite, and clinopyroxenite xenoliths from Kharchinsky volcano, Kamchatka, have abundances and ratios of incompatible trace elements similar to those in arc volcanic rocks (elevated Ba/Th, La/Yb, Nd/Hf, and Sr/Y). All orthopyroxenes and some clinopyroxenes in the peridotites have U‐shaped rare‐earth element patterns. Negative Ce anomalies are present in orthopyroxenes with Ce/Ce* as low as 0.01 and down to 0.22 in whole‐rock peridotite data. Ce anomaly growth is linked to increasing La/Sm and enrichments in Rb, U, Pb, and Ba over La and Ce. Isotopes (Pb, Sr, Nd, and Hf) indicate pelagic sediment, and hydrothermal crusts play no role in Ce anomaly development. Instead, Ce anomalies appear to be products of fluid transport and elemental scavenging under oxidizing conditions beneath the deep forearc. Textures and compositions of aluminous green spinels indicate most of the peridotites were partially melted and recrystallized at depth. Veins and pockets of amphibole reflect impregnation late in the petrogenesis of the rocks by melts similar to Kamchatka basalts. Orthopyroxenite xenoliths are fine‐grained with fibrous orthopyroxene that has high‐Mg/Mg + Fe (up to 0.96) and generally lower CaO and Al2O3 compared to peridotite orthopyroxenes and perhaps formed by reaction of siliceous fluids with olivine. Kharchinsky xenoliths have Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopes similar to Kamchatka volcanic rocks, but Hf isotopes in clinopyroxenites and gabbros are more radiogenic by 1–3 epsilon units. Patterns in isotopic data indicate a compositional change in the source of Kamchatka volcanism within the past 20 million years.
A High‐Resolution Speleothem Record of Marine Isotope Stage 11 as a Natural Analog to Holocene Asian Summer Monsoon Variations
Authors: Zhao Xinnan , Cheng Hai , Sinha Ashish , Zhang Haiwei , Baker Jonathan L. , Chen Shitao , Kong Xinggong , Wang Yongjin , Edwards R. Lawrence , Ning Youfeng , Zhao Jingyao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA full‐spectrum characterization of past interglacial climate is a necessary prerequisite for the detection and attribution of climate changes during the current interglacial. Here we present a speleothem record of Asian summer monsoon (ASM) during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 interglacial (MIS 11c), from Yongxing cave, China. The record's unprecedented chronologic constraints and decadal‐scale temporal resolution allow a precise and direct comparison of ASM between the MIS 11c and the Holocene. Our data suggest that orbital‐centennial patterns of ASM were remarkably similar during both interglacial, including their pacing and structure. Notably, a multi‐millennial stronger monsoon late in MIS 11c, the “Late‐MIS 11c shift,” is similar to the Late Holocene strengthening of the ASM, the “2‐Kyr shift.” Thus, the multicentennial ASM weakening at the end of the Late‐MIS 11c shift could imply that the current century‐long ASM waning trend may persist into the future, if only natural forcings are considered.
The VLA Low‐Band Ionosphere and Transient Experiment (VLITE): Ionospheric Signal Processing and Analysis
Authors: Helmboldt J. F. , Kooi J. E. , Ray P. S. , Clarke T. E. , Intema H. T. , Kassim N. E. , Mroczkowski T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper describes in detail the automated pipeline used for ionospheric processing and analysis by the Very Large Array (VLA) Low‐band Ionosphere and Transient Experiment (VLITE). VLITE is a prototype system that continuously acquires data streams at 320–384 MHz from 18 of the 27 antennas comprising one of the world's most powerful radio telescopes, the VLA. VLITE independently samples and processes these signals without interfering with primary VLA observations, taking advantage of a unique feature of the optical design of its parabolic antennas. These signals are processed and analyzed with an automated pipeline to characterize ionospheric fluctuations toward cosmic sources. In particular, “low‐band” (<500 MHz) observations with the VLA are quite sensitive to the horizontal gradient in the total electron content (TEC). Such observations toward a strong cosmic source can be used to characterize fluctuations with amplitudes
TECU per km. In near real time, the pipeline generates time series and corresponding fluctuation spectra to characterize as fully as possible the observed field of TEC gradient fluctuations. The pipeline is optimized to highlight the VLA's ability to sense fluctuations on small temporal (∼seconds), spatial (∼few km), and amplitude (∼10−3–10−4 TECU per km) scales. The paper thoroughly describes the processing and analysis steps involved, including illustrative examples of each step and potential scientific applications of the resulting data products.
Multiplexed laser particles for spatially resolved single-cell analysis
Authors: Kwok Sheldon J. J. , Martino Nicola , Dannenberg Paul H. , Yun Seok-Hyun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBiomolecular analysis at the single-cell level is increasingly important in the study of cellular heterogeneity and its consequences, particularly in organismic development and complex diseases such as cancer. Single-cell molecular analyses have led to the identification of new cell types1 and the discovery of novel targets for diagnosis and therapy2. While these analyses are performed predominantly on dissociated single cells, emerging techniques seek understanding of cellular state, cellular function and cell–cell interactions within the native tissue environment by combining optical microscopy and single-cell molecular analyses. These techniques include in situ multiplexed imaging of fluorescently labeled proteins and nucleotides, as well as low-throughput ex vivo methods in which specific cells are isolated for downstream molecular analyses. However, these methods are limited in either the number and type of molecular species they can identify or the number of cells that can be analyzed. High-throughput methods are needed for comprehensive profiling of many cells (>1000) to detect rare cell types, discriminate relevant biomarkers from intrinsic population noise, and reduce the time and cost of measurement. Many established, high-throughput single-cell analyses are not directly applicable because they require tissue dissociation, leading to a loss of spatial information3. No current methods exist that can seamlessly connect spatial mapping to single-cell techniques. In this Perspective, we review current methods for spatially resolved single-cell analysis and discuss the prospect of novel multiplexed imaging probes, called laser particles, which allow individual cells to be tagged in tissue and analyzed subsequently using high-throughput, comprehensive single-cell techniques.
Structures of T7 bacteriophage portal and tail suggest a viral DNA retention and ejection mechanism
Authors: Cuervo Ana , Fàbrega-Ferrer Montserrat , Machón Cristina , Conesa José Javier , Fernández Francisco J. , Pérez-Luque Rosa , Pérez-Ruiz Mar , Pous Joan , Vega M. Cristina , Carrascosa José L. , Coll Miquel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDouble-stranded DNA bacteriophages package their genome at high pressure inside a procapsid through the portal, an oligomeric ring protein located at a unique capsid vertex. Once the DNA has been packaged, the tail components assemble on the portal to render the mature infective virion. The tail tightly seals the ejection conduit until infection, when its interaction with the host membrane triggers the opening of the channel and the viral genome is delivered to the host cell. Using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, here we describe various structures of the T7 bacteriophage portal and fiber-less tail complex, which suggest a possible mechanism for DNA retention and ejection: a portal closed conformation temporarily retains the genome before the tail is assembled, whereas an open portal is found in the tail. Moreover, a fold including a seven-bladed β-propeller domain is described for the nozzle tail protein.
Screening of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds for Detection of Disease in Cattle: Development of Lab-scale Method
Authors: Maurer Devin L. , Ellis Christine K. , Thacker Tyler C. , Rice Somchai , Koziel Jacek A. , Nol Pauline , VerCauteren Kurt C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe primary hurdle for diagnosis of some diseases is the long incubation required to culture and confirm the presence of bacteria. The concept of using microbial VOCs as “signature markers” could provide a faster and noninvasive diagnosis. Finding biomarkers is challenging due to the specificity required in complex matrices. The objectives of this study were to (1) build/test a lab-scale platform for screening of microbial VOCs and (2) apply it to Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis; the vaccine strain of M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; and M. kansasii to demonstrate detection times greater those typically required for culture. SPME-GC-MS was used for sampling, sample preparation, and analyses. For objective (1), a testing platform was built for headspace sampling of bacterial cultures grown in standard culture flasks via a biosecure closed-loop circulating airflow system. For (2), results show that the suites of VOCs produced by Mycobacteria ssp. change over time and that individual strains produce different VOCs. The developed method was successful in discriminating between strains using a pooled multi-group analysis, and in timepoint-specific multi- and pair-wise comparisons. The developed testing platform can be useful for minimally invasive and biosecure collection of biomarkers associated with human, wildlife and livestock diseases for development of diagnostic point-of-care and field surveillance.
Classifying attentional vulnerability to total sleep deprivation using baseline features of Psychomotor Vigilance Test performance
Authors: Chua Eric Chern-Pin , Sullivan Jason P. , Duffy Jeanne F. , Klerman Elizabeth B. , Lockley Steven W. , Kristal Bruce S. , Czeisler Charles A. , Gooley Joshua J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere are strong individual differences in performance during sleep deprivation. We assessed whether baseline features of Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) performance can be used for classifying participants’ relative attentional vulnerability to total sleep deprivation. In a laboratory, healthy adults (n = 160, aged 18–30 years) completed a 10-min PVT every 2 h while being kept awake for ≥24 hours. Participants were categorized as vulnerable (n = 40), intermediate (n = 80), or resilient (n = 40) based on their number of PVT lapses during one night of sleep deprivation. For each baseline PVT (taken 4–14 h after wake-up time), a linear discriminant model with wrapper-based feature selection was used to classify participants’ vulnerability to subsequent sleep deprivation. Across models, classification accuracy was about 70% (range 65–76%) using stratified 5-fold cross validation. The models provided about 78% sensitivity and 86% specificity for classifying resilient participants, and about 70% sensitivity and 89% specificity for classifying vulnerable participants. These results suggest features derived from a single 10-min PVT at baseline can provide substantial, but incomplete information about a person’s relative attentional vulnerability to total sleep deprivation. In the long term, modeling approaches that incorporate baseline performance characteristics can potentially improve personalized predictions of attentional performance when sleep deprivation cannot be avoided.
Two Isoforms of the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, Daple/CCDC88C Cooperate as Tumor Suppressors
Authors: Ear Jason , Dunkel Ying , Mittal Yash , Lim Blaze B. C. , Liu Lawrence , Holda Magda K. , Nitsche Ulrich , Barbazán Jorge , Goel Ajay , Janssen Klaus-Peter , Aznar Nicolas , Ghosh Pradipta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPreviously, Aznar et al., showed that Daple/CCDC88C enables Wnt receptors to transactivate trimeric G-proteins during non-canonical Wnt signaling via a novel G-protein binding and activating (GBA) motif. By doing so, Daple serves two opposing roles; earlier during oncogenesis it suppresses neoplastic transformation and tumor growth, but later it triggers epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). We have identified and characterized two isoforms of the human Daple gene. While both isoforms cooperatively suppress tumor growth via their GBA motif, only the full-length transcript triggers EMT and invasion. Both isoforms are suppressed during colon cancer progression, and their reduced expression carries additive prognostic significance. These findings provide insights into the opposing roles of Daple during cancer progression and define the G-protein regulatory GBA motif as one of the minimal modules essential for Daple’s role as a tumor suppressor.
Hydrogen in α-iron: role of phonons in the diffusion of interstitials at high temperature
Authors: de Andres Pedro L. , Sanchez Javier , Ridruejo Alvaro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAb-initio Density Functional Theory has been used to compute phonons for interstitial hydrogen inα-iron. In the harmonic approximation, these phonons yield Helmholtz’s free energy as a function of temperature, which can be used to obtain diffusion barriers from an Arrhenius plot. By comparing with the experimental database compiled by Kiuchi and McLellan, we show that the role of phonons is crucial to understand the diffusion of interstitial hydrogen at T > 300 K. The computed specific heat for Fe16H and Fe behaves quite differently due to the appearance of optical modes and could be used to calibrate the amount of interstitials in the iron matrix.
Resting-state neural activity and connectivity associated with subjective happiness
Authors: Sato Wataru , Kochiyama Takanori , Uono Shota , Sawada Reiko , Kubota Yasutaka , Yoshimura Sayaka , Toichi Motomi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe majority of people throughout the world rate subjective happiness as the top of the important thing in life. A recent structural neuroimaging study exploring neurocognitive mechanisms underlying subjective happiness has suggested that the gray matter volume of the right precuneus is associated with Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) scores. However, how the neural activity in this region, as well as the neural functional coupling between this and other regions, could be related to SHS scores remains unclear. To investigate these issues, we performed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in participants, whose subjective happiness was evaluated using the SHS. Lower fALFF values in the right precuneus were associated with higher SHS scores. Furthermore, functional connectivity and spectral dynamic causal modeling analyses showed that both functional and effective connectivity of the right precuneus with the right amygdala were positively associated with SHS scores. These findings, together with other evidence on the information-processing functions of these brain regions, suggest the possibility that subjective happiness is associated with a reduction in self-referential mental processes, which are well integrated with emotional processing.
Development of multifunctional Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for concurrent in vivo mapping of tumor interstitial oxygenation, acidosis and inorganic phosphate concentration
Authors: Gorodetskii Artem A. , Eubank Timothy D. , Driesschaert Benoit , Poncelet Martin , Ellis Emily , Khramtsov Valery V. , Bobko Andrey A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTumor oxygenation (pO2), acidosis (pH) and interstitial inorganic phosphate concentration (Pi) are important parameters of the malignant behavior of cancer. A noninvasive procedure that enables visualization of these parameters may provide unique information about mechanisms of tumor pathophysiology and provide clues to new treatment targets. In this research, we present a multiparametric imaging method allowing for concurrent mapping of pH, spin probe concentration, pO2, and Pi using a single contrast agent and Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging technique. The developed approach was applied to concurrent multifunctional imaging in phantom samples and in vivo in a mouse model of breast cancer. Tumor tissues showed higher heterogeneity of the distributions of the parameters compared with normal mammary gland and demonstrated the areas of significant acidosis, hypoxia, and elevated Pi content.
Distinct temporal developments of visual motion and position representations for multi-stream visuomotor coordination
Authors: Ueda Hiroshi , Abekawa Naotoshi , Ito Sho , Gomi Hiroaki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA fundamental but controversial question in information coding of moving visual target is which of ‘motion’ or ‘position’ signal is employed in the brain for producing quick motor reactions. Prevailing theory assumed that visually guided reaching is driven always via target position representation influenced by various motion signals (e.g., target texture and surroundings). To rigorously examine this theory, we manipulated the nature of the influence of internal texture motion on the position representation of the target in reaching correction tasks. By focusing on the difference in illusory position shift of targets with the soft- and hard-edges, we succeeded in extracting the temporal development of an indirect effect only ascribed to changes in position representation. Our data revealed that the onset of indirect effect is significantly slower than the adjustment onset itself. This evidence indicates multi-stream processing in visuomotor control: fast and direct contribution of visual motion for quick action initiation, and relatively slow contribution of position representation updated by relevant motion signals for continuous action regulation. The distinctive visuomotor mechanism would be crucial in successfully interacting with time-varying environments in the real world.