bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change of the Grade Line of Bridges Constructed with Cantilever Concreting Technology
Authors: MACHELSKI Czeslaw , PISAREK Bartosz 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The cantilever concreting technology is one of modern methods of constructing the concrete long-span bridges. The fundamental features of this method are saving of materials and of construction costs (especially of scaffolding and of formwork) and first of all a possibility of carrying out the construction of the span in many places at the same time. The negative feature of these bridges is a large long-term deflection of the span, as a result of rheological processes in the concrete and in the pre-tensioning steel. Deflection measurements at the mid-span indicate a visible lowering of the grade line of the bridge span, already after few years of service. In this paper the deflection w(t) is represented as a function of the service time of the bridge structure, calibrated by the results of monitoring of the bridge deflection. Analyses presented in this paper will be used to develop rheological models of behavior of the concrete and of the pre-tensioning steel.

Streszczenie
Technologia betonowania wspornikowego jest jedną z nowoczesnych metod konstruowania betonowych mostów o dużej rozpiętości. Podstawowymi cechami tej metody są oszczędność materiałów i kosztów budowy (zwłaszcza rusztowań i szalunków), a przede wszystkim moż-liwość wykonywania poszczególnych przęseł w tym samym czasie. Negatywną cechą tych mostów jest duże długotrwałe ugięcie mostu powstające w wyniku procesów reologicznych w betonie i stali naprężającej. Pomiary ugięć w połowie rozpiętości wskazują na widoczny ich wzrost już po kilku latach użytkowania. W niniejszym artykule ugięcie w(t) przedstawiono w funkcji czasu użytkowania konstrukcji mostu. Wartości te skalibrowano na podstawie wyników monitoringu ugięć mostu. Analizy przedstawione w niniejszym artykule posłużą do opracowania reologicznych modeli zachowania betonu i stali naprężającej.
Zinc and Lead in Aquatic Plants and Bottom Sediments of Anthropogenic Rivers
Authors: MAŁACHOWSKA-JUTSZ Anna , GUMIŃSKA Jolanta 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess contamination of bottom sediments with heavy metals (lead and zinc) and its influence on the dominant macrophytes in selected four Polish anthropogenic rivers. Due to metal concentration, the sediments were classified in terms of their purity by three criteria: geochemical criterion, LAWA classification and ecotoxicological criterion. The studies revealed that tested macrophytes (Common Reed and Yellow Iris) were characterized by low and very low accumulation coefficient translocation factors of heavy metals. Common Reed was the plant which, to the greatest extent, accumulated heavy metals and therefore it was proposed as an indicator of lead and zinc contamination of river sediments. Heavy metals were mainly accumulated in roots and were not transported to their shoots as evidenced by very low translocation factors. Yellow Iris accumulated heavy metals to a lesser extent than Common Reed, however, it showed higher translocation factors of these metals. Zinc was preferentially collected by both plants in comparison with lead, as confirmed by higher translocation factors for zinc.

Streszczenie
Celem pracy była ocena stopnia zanieczyszczenia osadów dennych metalami ciężkimi (ołowiem i cynkiem) oraz ich wpływu na dominujące makrofity w wybranych czterech przekształconych antropogenicznie rzekach w Polsce. Ze względu na stężenie metali osady rzeczne zostały sklasyfikowane pod kątem ich czystości według trzech kryteriów: kryterium geochemicznego, klasyfikacji LAWA i kryterium ekotoksykologicznego. Badania wykazały, że badane makrofity (trzcina pospolita i kosaciec żółty) charakteryzowały się niskimi i bardzo niskimi współczynnikami akumulacji i translokacji metali ciężkich. Trzcina pospolita to roślina, która w największym stopniu akumulowała metale ciężkie i dlatego została zaproponowana, jako wskaźnik stopnia skażenia osadów rzecznych ołowiem i cynkiem. Metale ciężkie gromadziły się głównie w korzeniach i nie były transportowane do pędów, o czym świadczą bardzo niskie wartości współczynników translokacji. Kosaciec żółty akumulował metale ciężkie w mniejszym stopniu niż trzcina pospolita, jednakże w tym przypadku zaobserwowano wyższe współczynniki translokacji metali. Cynk był preferencyjnie pobierany przez obie rośliny w porównaniu do ołowiu, co potwierdzono wyższymi wartościami współczynników translokacji.
Burst detection and localization in water pipelines based on an extended differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Badillo-Olvera A. , Pérez-González A. , Begovich O. , Ruíz-León J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a new burst detection and location technique for pressurized pipelines based on an extension of the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. The proposed approach addresses the burst location problem as an optimization task, by considering the dynamic model that describes the behavior of a fluid through a pipeline and the presence of fluid losses produced by a burst. The optimization problem relies on finding suitable estimations related to the burst parameters, i.e. magnitude, pressure and position of a burst, while a defined cost function is minimized. In order to deal with this problem, three strategies are proposed to extend and adapt the DE algorithm: (i) an informed definition of the physical restrictions of the problem according to the pipeline characteristics; (ii) a training stage of the algorithm that allows to find the appropriate synthesis parameters; (iii) a multi-start structure, in order to track dynamical variations of the problem. Experiments on a pipeline prototype illustrate the results obtained by the proposed algorithm on the estimation of the burst parameters, comparing its performance with an algorithm based on the Extended Kalman Filter, which is widely used in the literature.
Using integrated meteorological and hydrological indices to assess drought characteristics in southern Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Hsin-Fu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Numerous drought index assessment methods have been developed to investigate droughts. This study proposes a more comprehensive assessment method integrating two drought indices. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) are employed to establish an integrated drought assessment method to study the trends and characteristics of droughts in southern Taiwan. The overall SPI and SDI values and the spatial and temporal distributions of droughts within a given year (November to October) revealed consistent general trends. Major droughts occurred in the periods of 1979–1980, 1992–1993, 1994–1995, and 2001–2003. According to the results of the Mann–Kendall trend test and the Theil–Sen estimator analysis, the streamflow data from the Sandimen gauging station in the Ailiao River Basin showed a 30% decrease, suggesting increasing aridity between 1964 and 2003. Hence, in terms of water resources management, special attention should be given to the Ailiao River Basin. The integrated analysis showed different types of droughts occurring in different seasons, and the results are in good agreement with the climatic characteristics of southern Taiwan. This study suggests that droughts cannot be explained fully by the application of a single drought index. Integrated analysis using multiple indices is required.
Simulation of a lock-release gravity current based on a non-hydrostatic model
Authors: Zhang Xueqing , Yu Jinzhen , Feng Yilei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Gravity currents are important in many fields, including the estuarine sciences, meteorology and hydraulic engineering. The NHWAVE (non-hydrostatic wave) model was applied to simulate the detailed interface structure between a lock-release gravity current and the ambient fluid. The simulated structures, including the front height, front position and velocity of the current, are consistent with the results of laboratory experiments. However, the internal structure of the current is different from that revealed by previous research. The Kelvin–Helmholtz phenomenon in the interface and the interface vortices were successfully captured by the NHWAVE model. The difference in velocity between the front and rear vortices leads to entrainment, further causing changes in the shapes and amount of vortices. Flow field results obtained by the NHWAVE model reveal the existence of a significant circular flow, as well as some small eddies within it. The significant circular flow supports the forward movement of the current, whereas the small eddies reflect interface vortices. In contrast, hydrostatic simulation with the same model settings fails to capture the vortices. This research shows that the NHWAVE model performs better than a hydrostatic model when simulating the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability phenomenon and vortex entrainment in a lock-release gravity current.
Artificial intelligence-based monitoring system of water quality parameters for early detection of non-specific bio-contamination in water distribution systems
Authors: Tinelli Silvia , Juran Ilan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis research aims to simulate bio-contamination risk propagation under real-life conditions in the water distribution system (WDS) of Lille University's Scientific City Campus (France), solving the source identification and the response modeling. Neglecting dynamic reactions and not considering the possible chemical decay of most of the contaminants leads to an overestimation of the exposed population. Therefore, unlike the available event detection models, this study considers the interrelated change of several water-quality parameters such as free chlorine concentration, pH, alkalinity, and total organic carbon (TOC) resulting from the pollutants blending. In fact, starting from regular WDS monitoring, the baseline thresholds for each of the mentioned parameters are established; then, significant deviations from the baseline are used as indication for contaminations. For this reason, the purpose of the research was to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based smart monitoring system that will effectively enable water operators to ensure a quasi real-time quality control for early chemical and/or bio-contamination detection and preemptive risk management. Advanced pattern recognizers, such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and innovative sensing technology solutions, such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), have been used for this purpose, identifying the anomalies and the severity-level assessment.
Isolated chemoperfusion of the lung and pleura as a method of treatment in children with common forms of solid bone tumors
Authors: Levchenko E. V. , Gumbatova E. D. , Kuleva S. A. , Senchik K. Yu. , Mamontov O. Yu. , Kalinin P. S. , Senchurov E. M. , Punanov Yu. A. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Therapy of malignant tumors is one of the most important problems of modern pediatric oncology. The presence of distant metastases is considered as the main sign of generalization of the tumor process. In order to improve the results of treatment of these patients, we proposed to supplement cytoreductive surgery with intraoperative isolated chemoperfusion of the lung and/or pleura with cytostatic. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of metastasectomy combined with isolated lung/pleura chemoperfusion (ILCP/PCP) under conditions of hyperoxia in children. Materials and methods. For 10 years of research (2008–2018) on the basis of the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology produced 45 ILCP and PCP in 30 patients with intrapulmonary and intrapleural metastases of various malignant bone tumors. The ILCP method is a surgical procedure, during which the lung is temporarily switched off from the circulation and perfused with modified saline containing high concentrations of an antitumor drug (melphalan or cisplatin), which allows delivery of high doses of cytostatics while avoiding systemic exposure to the drug. In cases of detection of metastatic lesions of the parietal pleura after metastasectomy, PCP was performed, consisting in drainage of the pleural cavity and intraoperatively conducting, after suturing the surgical wound, hyperthermic (42 o С) chemoperfusion of the pleural cavity with a cisplatin solution for 2 hours. Results. In children with malignant bone tumors, 37 isolated chemoperfusions with cisplatin and 8 with melphalan were performed. In 27 patients, 36 ILCP were performed, in 7 patients – 9 PCP. Nine (20 %) patients underwent bilateral perfusion with an interval from 1.5 to 31 months. There were no lethal outcomes during operations and in the postoperative period. The average duration of surgical interventions was 270 ± 90 (120–520) minutes. The number of remote foci – from 1 to 56 (average value – 9). The average blood loss was 300 ± 200 (150–1000) ml. The mean follow-up was 45 months; median overall survival – 38 months; 3-year overall survival – 65.5 ± 9.4 %. Survival without progression – 40.5 ± 10.5 % (n = 30). Conclusions. ILCP/PCP with cytostatics is a method of complex therapy that can improve the quality and increase the life expectancy of patients, especially with the exhausted possibility of other treatment options.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein (MCP)-2 as Biomarker in Response to PE35/PPE68 Proteins: A Promising Diagnostic Method for the Discrimination of Active and Latent Tuberculosis
Authors: Mamishi Setareh , Pourakbari Babak , Sadeghi Reihaneh Hosseinpour , Marjani Majid , Mahmoudi Shima 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:Several studies have been conducted to find new biomarkers for the discrimination of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) from active TB (ATB); however, their findings are inconsistent. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential of in vitro antigenspecific expression of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein (MCP)-2 for discrimination of ATB and LTBI after stimulation of whole blood with PE35 and PPE68 recombinant proteins.Materials and Methods:The recombinant PE35 and PPE68 proteins were evaluated at a final concentration of 5 µg/ml by a 3-day whole blood assay. Secreted MCP-2 from the culture supernatants were measured by commercially available Human MCP2 ELISA Kit. The diagnostic performance of MCP-2 was ascertained by Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve and measuring the Area Under the Curve (AUC) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Cut-offs was estimated at various sensitivities and specificities and at the maximum Youden’s index (YI), i.e. sensitivity specificity–1.Results:The median MCP-2 response to both PE35 and PPE68 in those with LTBI was significantly higher than patients with ATB. The discrimination performance of MCP-2 response following stimulation of PE35 (assessed by AUC) between LTBI and patients with ATB was 0.98 (95%CI: 0.94-1.00). Maximum discrimination was reached at a cut-off of 86pg/mL with 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity. The highest sensitivity and specificity was obtained using cut off 58 pg/mL following stimulation with PPE68 (100% and 90%, respectively; AUC: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.85- 1.00).Conclusion:MCP-2 induced by PE35 and PPE68 shows good discriminatory power for discrimination of ATB and LTBI. Additional studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the advantage of this marker, alone or combined with other markers; however, these findings present a promising method, which can discriminate between ATB and LTBI.</p>
Creation of Cultures Containing Mutations Linked with Cardiovascular Diseases using Transfection and Genome Editing
Authors: Sazonova Margarita A. , Ryzhkova Anastasia I. , Sinyov Vasily V. , Sazonova Marina D. , Khasanova Zukhra B. , Nikitina Nadezhda A. , Karagodin Vasily P. , Orekhov Alexander N. , Sobenin Igor A. 
Published: April 2019

Objective:In this review article, we analyzed the literature on the creation of cultures containing mutations associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using transfection, transduction and editing of the human genome.Methods:We described different methods of transfection, transduction and editing of the human genome, used in the literature.Results:We reviewed the researches in which the creation of сell cultures containing mutations was described. According to the literature, system CRISPR/Cas9 proved to be the most preferred method for editing the genome. We found rather promising and interesting a practically undeveloped direction of mitochondria transfection using a gene gun. Such a gun can direct a genetically-engineered construct containing human DNA mutations to the mitochondria using heavy metal particles. However, in human molecular genetics, the transfection method using a gene gun is unfairly forgotten and is almost never used.:Ethical problems arising from editing the human genome were also discussed in our review. We came to a conclusion that it is impossible to stop scientific and technical progress. It is important that the editing of the genome takes place under the strict control of society and does not bear dangerous consequences for humanity. To achieve this, the constant interaction of science with society, culture and business is necessary.Conclusion:he most promising methods for the creation of cell cultures containing mutations linked with cardiovascular diseases, were system CRISPR/Cas9 and the gene gun.
A Review on the Most Important Medicinal Plants Effective in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Sedighi Mehrnoosh , Sewell Robert D. E. , Nazari Afshin , Abbaszadeh Saber , Cheraghi Mostafa , Amini Abdolhakim , Heydari Zahra , Rafieian-Kopaei Mahmoud 
Published: April 2019

:
Ischemia, referring to reduction and restriction of perfusion to myocardial tissue which involves coronary
artery through the formation of misplaced clots and thrombosis, is one of the most important cardiovascular
diseases. Plant-based compounds help to improve or prevent disease by affecting the factors involved in the disease.
This review was conducted to report the medicinal plants and factors effective in cardiac ischemiareperfusion
(I/R) injury to supplement the knowledge about this disease and its prevention and treatment using
certain medicinal plants and their active compounds. For this purpose, medicinal plants and their potential antioxidant
activities, effects on lipid levels and plaque formation, atherosclerosis and development of cardiovascular
diseases and ischemia were reviewed.

Methods:
To conduct this review, relevant articles published between 1983 and 2018 were retrieved from the
Google Scholar, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, Web of Science, and Scopus using search terms antioxidant,
ischemia, reperfusion, heart, infarct, inflammation, cholesterol and medicinal plants. Then, the eligible
articles were reviewed.

Results:
The active compounds of plants, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant compounds,
can be effective on certain pathogenic factors particularly in decreasing cholesterol and blood pressure, preventing
an increase in free radicals and ultimately reducing blood clots and vascular resistance to reduce and prevent
ischemic disease and its harmful effects.

Conclusion:
Medicinal plants discussed in this article seem to be able to prevent cardiac damage and the disease
progression via affecting the factors that are involved in ischemia.
How to Start a Total Synthesis from the Wieland-Miescher Ketone?
Authors: Liu Zai-Qun 
Published: April 2019

Background:
he Wieland-Miescher ketone consists of a couple of enantiomers of 9-methyl-
Δ5(10)-octalin-1,6-dione, in which the configuration at 9-position is S- or R-type. The Robinson annulation of
2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione with methyl vinyl ketone is able to afford the Wieland-Miescher ketone. As
widely used in the total synthesis, the Wieland-Miescher ketone is treated at the beginning of total synthesis,
and protocols for treating the Wieland-Miescher ketone are worthy to be addressed.

Objective:
The presented review provides the progress of the usage of Wieland-Miescher ketone for the total
synthesis, while treatments on C=C and C=O in the Wieland-Miescher ketone at the beginning of total
synthesis are exemplified herein.

Conclusion:
Modifications of the Wieland-Miescher ketone are composed of oxidation, reduction, and electrophilic
or nucleophilic addition. In addition, protection of non-conjugated C=O with glycol or protection of conjugated
C=O with ethanedithiol, and the introduction of substituents into α-position of C=C can also be used to
modify the structure of the Wieland-Miescher ketone. It is reasonably believed that many novel strategies will
be found to treat the Wieland-Miescher ketone in the future total synthesis.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of Alkynyl Halides
Authors: Petko Dina , Koh Samuel , Tam William 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Transition metal-catalyzed reactions of alkynyl halides are a
versatile means of synthesizing a wide array of products. Their use is of particular interest
in cycloaddition reactions and in constructing new carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom
bonds. Transition metal-catalyzed reactions of alkynyl halides have successfully been
used in [4+2], [2+2], [2+2+2] and [3+2] cycloaddition reactions. Many carbon-carbon
coupling reactions take advantage of metal-catalyzed reactions of alkynyl halides,
including Cadiot-Chodkiewicz, Suzuki-Miyaura, Stille, Kumada-Corriu and Inverse
Sonogashira reactions. All the methods of constructing carbon-nitrogen, carbon-oxygen,
carbon-phosphorus, carbon-sulfur, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium and carbon-tellurium
bonds employed alkynyl halides.

Objective:
The purpose of this review is to highlight and summarize research conducted in transition metalcatalyzed
reactions of alkynyl halides in recent years. The focus will be placed on cycloaddition and coupling
reactions, and their scope and applicability to the synthesis of biologically important and industrially relevant
compounds will be discussed.

Conclusion:
It can be seen from the review that the work done on this topic has employed the use of many
different transition metal catalysts to perform various cycloadditions, cyclizations, and couplings using alkynyl
halides. The reactions involving alkynyl halides were efficient in generating both carbon-carbon and carbonheteroatom
bonds. Proposed mechanisms were included to support the understanding of such reactions. Many
of these reactions face retention of the halide moiety, allowing additional functionalization of the products,
with some new products being inaccessible using their standard alkyne counterparts.