bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whiplash as a total-body injury
Authors: Cisler Theresa A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In our highly active society, individuals and groups push their physical limits. Consequently, the incidence of whiplash injury is increasing. Patients may not recover rapidly or fully from a whiplash injury, thus leading to chronic neck and spinal symptoms and litigation. Physicians must recognize whiplash injury as a manifestation of total-body trauma and treat accordingly, with particular emphasis on alleviating abnormal tension of the fascia. Precise description of the accident, followed by healing methods tailored to well-defined bodily injury, aids in effective management. Whiplash injury poses a challenge to the osteopathic physician to sharpen skills in defining the injury based on the details of the accident and to incorporate myofascial release treatment into traditional modes of whiplash treatment. Fortunately, many highly respected osteopathic physicians have written extensively on the subject and the tools are at hand to refine treatment for both acute and chronic whiplash.
Managed care: An opportunity for osteopathic physicians
Authors: Ross-Lee Barbara , Weiser Michael A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Managed care plans now enroll 38.6 million persons in the United States, and have increased their enrollment 14-fold in 5 years. The three major health reform proposals before Congress presently make managed care organizations, in one form or another, the linchpin of their reform plans. The authors trace the history of managed care leading to today's spectrum of plans from health maintenance organizations to preferred provider organizations with all their variants. They examine the government and insurance industry records of successes and failures and project the future for managed care with and without government-imposed healthcare reform. They unscramble the "alphabet soup" and detail the problems physicians have encountered in managed care settings. Given the key role of the primary care physician, the authors urge osteopathic physicians to take a proactive role in designing the shift to managed care. By supporting intelligent healthcare reform that brings physicians, hospitals, and insurers together in a practitioner-friendly system, the primary care physician can assume the leadership role in managed care and continue to serve as the patient advocate.
Performance of candidates on the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine subspecialty certifying examinations 1984-1992
Authors: Slick Gary L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In 1973, the Board of Trustees of the American Osteopathic Association approved the Rules and Regulations of the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine for the subspecialty certification program in internal medicine. The written objective examination process was finalized and implemented in 1984. Since 1984, 354 candidates have entered the examination process, with the largest number in the subspecialty field of cardiology. Through 1992, 91% of the candidates entering the examination process have passed the certifying examination and become certified. The number of first-time certifying-examination takers moderately increased in the last 2 years studied. The pass rate for first-time takers has averaged 75%, whereas the pass rate for repeaters has been 72%.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the elderly: Issues of compliance and safety
Authors: Kirchner Jeffrey T. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Many of the goals in caring for patients with non-life-threatening rheumatic conditions can be safely met with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy. These drugs relieve pain and stiffness and help to maintain joint mobility. However, no course of treatment can be successful without patient compliance. The difficulties of following dosage requirements and scheduling, together with the increased risk of adverse side effects, are particular problems for the elderly-the very patients who are the major consumers of NSAIDs. The key to successful NSAID therapy is maintaining patient comfort and function while using the simplest and safest medical regimen available. The author discusses ways in which these goals can be achieved.
Splenic hypofunction in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Adelizzi Raymond A. , Wilkins Childs Julianne C. , Dabrow Michael B. , Freed Nathan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a relatively common autoimmune disease in the United States. Hyposplenism is infrequently described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. It is seen in up to 5% of patients and is thought to be caused by vasculitic changes within the spleen. The diagnosis of hyposplenism can be made easily by identifying Howell-Jolly bodies on a peripheral blood smear. The authors describe a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus associated with hyposplenism and discuss possible diagnostic and treatment implications.
Establishment and characterization of a novel vincristine‐resistant diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma cell line containing the 8q24 homogeneously staining region
Authors: Mizuno Shohei , Hanamura Ichiro , Ota Akinobu , Karnan Sivasundaram , Kanasugi Jo , Nakamura Ayano , Takasugi Souichi , Uchino Kaori , Horio Tomohiro , Goto Mineaki , Murakami Satsuki , Gotou Mayuko , Yamamoto Hidesuke , Watarai Masaya , Shikami Masato , Hosokawa Yoshitaka , Miwa Hiroshi , Taniwaki Masafumi , Ueda Ryuzo , Nitta Masakazu , Takami Akiyoshi 
Published: October 2018

Chromosome band 8q24 is the most frequently amplified locus in various types of cancers. MYC has been identified as the primary oncogene at the 8q24 locus, whereas a long noncoding gene, PVT1, which lies adjacent to MYC, has recently emerged as another potential oncogenic regulator at this position. In this study, we established and characterized a novel cell line, AMU‐ML2, from a patient with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), displaying homogeneously staining regions at the 8q24 locus. Fluorescence in situ hybridization clearly detected an elevation in MYC copy numbers corresponding to the homogenously staining region. In addition, a comparative genomic hybridization analysis using high‐resolution arrays revealed that the 8q24 amplicon size was 1.4 Mb, containing the entire MYC and PVT1 regions. We also demonstrated a loss of heterozygosity for TP53 at 17p13 in conjunction with a TP53 frameshift mutation. Notably, AMU‐ML2 cells exhibited resistance to vincristine, and cell proliferation was markedly inhibited by MYC‐shRNA‐mediated knockdown. Furthermore, genes involved in cyclin D, mTOR, and Ras signaling were downregulated following MYC knockdown, suggesting that MYC expression was closely associated with tumor cell growth. In conclusion, AMU‐ML2 cells are uniquely characterized by homogenously staining regions at the 8q24 locus, thus providing useful insights into the pathogenesis of DLBCL with 8q24 abnormalities.
Trapped Photons Induced Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency and Photoresponsivity in Hybrid Graphene/Metal‐Organic Framework Broadband Wearable Photodetectors
Authors: Bera Krishna Prasad , Haider Golam , Usman Muhammad , Roy Pradip Kumar , Lin Hung‐I , Liao Yu‐Ming , Inbaraj Christy Roshini Paul , Liou Yi‐Rou , Kataria Monika , Lu Kuang‐Lieh , Chen Yang‐Fang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as attractive materials for their tunable properties, which have been utilized for diverse applications including sensors, gas storage, and drug delivery. However, the high porosity and poor electrical conductivity of MOFs restrict their optoelectronic applications. Owing to the inherent tunability, a broadband photon absorbing MOF can be designed. Combining the superior properties of the MOFs along with ultrahigh carrier mobility of graphene, for the first time, this study reports a highly sensitive, broadband, and wearable photodetector on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate. The external quantum efficiency of the hybrid photodetector is found to be >5 × 108%, which exceeds all the reported values of similar devices. The porosity of the MOF and ripple structure graphene can assist the trapping of photons at the light‐harvesting layer. The device photoresponsivity is found to be >106 A W−1 with a response time of <150 ms, which is approximately ten times faster than the current standards of the graphene‐organic hybrid photodetectors. In addition, utilizing the excellent flexibility of the graphene layer the wearability of the devices with stretchability up to 100% is demonstrated. The unique discovery of MOF‐based high‐performance photodetectors opens up a new avenue in organic–inorganic hybrid optoelectronics.
Effective and Targeted Human Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenograft Therapy via a Multifunctional Biomimetic Nanomedicine
Authors: Zou Yan , Liu Yanjie , Yang Zhipeng , Zhang Dongya , Lu Yiqing , Zheng Meng , Xue Xue , Geng Jia , Chung Roger , Shi Bingyang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fatal central nervous system tumor without effective treatment. Chemotherapeutic agents are mainstays in the treatment of glioblastoma. However, the effectiveness of these is seriously hindered by poor blood–brain‐barrier (BBB) penetrance and tumor targeting, together with short biological half‐life. Improved chemotherapy is thus urgently needed for GBM. Multifunctional nanoparticle delivery systems offer much promise in overcoming current limitations. Accordingly, a multifunctional biomimetic nanomedicine is developed by functionalizing the surface of red blood cell membranes (RBCms) with angiopep‐2 and loading pH‐sensitive nanoparticles (polymer, doxorubicin (Dox), and lexiscan (Lex)) using the functionalized cell membrane to generate the novel nanomedicine, Ang‐RBCm@NM‐(Dox/Lex). The studies toward orthotopic U87MG human glioblastoma tumor‐bearing nude mice show that the Ang‐RBCm@NM‐(Dox/Lex) nanomedicine has much improved blood circulation time, superb BBB penetration, superior tumor accumulation and retention. Moreover, effective suppression of tumor growth and significantly improved medium survival time are also observed after Ang‐RBCm@NM‐(Dox/Lex) treatment. The results show that this biomimetic nanoplatform can serve as a flexible and powerful system for GBM treatment which can be readily adapted for the treatment of other central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
Dual‐Programmable Shape‐Morphing and Self‐Healing Organohydrogels Through Orthogonal Supramolecular Heteronetworks
Authors: Zhao Ziguang , Zhuo Shuyun , Fang Ruochen , Zhang Longhao , Zhou Xintao , Xu Yichao , Zhang Jianqi , Dong Zhichao , Jiang Lei , Liu Mingjie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProgrammable materials that can change their inherent shapes or properties are highly desirable due to their promising applications. However, among various programmable shape‐morphing materials, the single control route allows temporary states to recover the unchangeable former state, thus lacking the sophisticated programmability for their shape‐encoding behaviors and mechanics. Herein, dual‐programmable shape‐morphing organohydrogels featuring supramolecular heteronetworks are developed. In the system, the metallo‐supramolecular hydrogel framework and micro‐organogels featuring semicrystalline comb‐type networks independently respond to different stimuli, thereby providing orthogonal dual‐switching mechanics and ultrahigh mechanical strength. The supramolecular heteronetworks also possess excellent self‐healing properties. More notably, such orthogonal supramolecular heteronetworks demonstrate hierarchical shape morphing performance that far exceeds conventional shape‐morphing materials. Utilizing this dual programming strategy of the orthogonal supramolecular heteronetworks, the material's permanent shape can be manipulated in a step‐wise shape morphing process, thereby realizing sophisticated shape changes with a high degree of freedom. The organohydrogels can act as a biomimetic smart device for the on‐demand control of unidirectional liquid transport. Based on these characteristics, it is anticipated that the supramolecular organohydrogels may serve as adaptive programmable materials for a variety of applications.
Clinical utility of viscoelastic testing (TEG and ROTEM analyzers) in the management of old and new therapies for hemophilia
Authors: Ramiz Sarah , Hartmann Jan , Young Guy , Escobar Miguel A. , Chitlur Meera 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHemophilia A and B are rare inherited bleeding disorders resulting from deficiency of coagulation factors VIII and IX respectively. In the past few decades, the field of hemophilia has witnessed pivotal management challenges and therapeutic advances. Routine coagulation and factor assays, while useful in the classification of severity and treatment monitoring in hemophilia patients, have been shown to be of limited use in managing clinical presentations and outcomes. This prompted the investigation of viscoelastic studies in hemophilia care, which have established their utility in various bleeding and thrombotic states. In this review, we will discuss and critically assess the current literature highlighting the use of viscoelastic studies in various aspects of hemophilia including the determination of clinical phenotype, management of patients with inhibitors, perioperative management, and monitoring of novel agents.
Accuracy of self‐reported heights and weights in a predominately low‐income, diverse population living in the USA
Authors: Opichka Kate , Smith Chery 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored the accuracy of self‐reported heights and weights and factors associated with self‐reported bias in a diverse American sample.MethodsDemographic, self‐reported, and measured height and weight data from different studies with the same PI were compiled into one SPSS file and analyzed with paired t‐tests to detect differences between self‐reported and actual values. Kruskal‐Wallis tests followed by pairwise t‐tests detected differences among age, ethnicity, sex, income, and education. Stepwise regression analyses were done using anthropometric differences as the dependent variable and age category, sex, and ethnicity as independent variables to explore which variable was most predictive of anthropometric differences.ResultsIndividuals over‐reported height and under‐reported weight leading to an under‐calculated BMI from self‐reported height and weight by 0.6‐1 kg/m2. These under‐calculations of BMI led to misclassifications of obesity by 3, 6, 8, and 4% for African American, Euro‐American, Native American women, and total women, and by 5, 6, 8, and 8% by African American, Euro‐American, Native American men, and total men. Older individuals and males over‐reported height more than younger individuals and females. African American females over‐reported height to a lesser extent than other ethnicities. Asian males over‐reported height to a lesser extent than other ethnicities.ConclusionsSelf‐reported heights and weights lead to invalid results. Most individuals over‐report height and under‐report weight, resulting in an inaccurate underweight and obesity prevalence. Being misclassified into the incorrect BMI category could result in inappropriate healthcare treatment. Age, ethnicity, and sex appear to influence the misreporting of height and weight.
Associations between different weight‐related anthropometric traits and lifestyle factors in Norwegian children and adolescents: A case for measuring skinfolds
Authors: Kristiansen Hege , Eide Geir Egil , Brannsether Bente , Roelants Mathieu , Bjerknes Robert , Júlíusson Pétur B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between weight‐related anthropometric measures and children's eating habits, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle at a population level.MethodsData from the Bergen Growth Study were used to study the association of z‐scores of waist circumference (WC), weight‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), subscapularis (SSF) and triceps (TSF) skinfolds and BMI, with lifestyle factors in 3063 Norwegian children (1543 boys) aged 4‐15 years, using linear regression analysis. Each sex was analyzed separately.ResultsIn a fully adjusted model with additional correction for BMI z‐scores, the consumption of vegetables was associated with higher WC (b = 0.03) and TSF (b = 0.05) z‐scores in girls. Sedentary behavior was not associated with any of the anthropometric measures. Physical activity was negatively associated with SSF (b = −0.07) and TSF (b = −0.07) z‐scores in boys, while a significant negative association was observed with WC (b = −0.02), WHtR (b = −0.03), SSF (b = −0.04) and TSF (b = −0.06) in girls.ConclusionPhysical activity was negatively associated with skinfolds in both sexes. The BMI was not related to the level of physical activity, and should be complemented with direct measures of fat tissue, like skinfolds, when studying the effect of physical activity on body composition in children.
Having more siblings delays menarche in Indonesia
Authors: Kim Dohyung , Sohn Kitae 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTanner (1968, Scientific American, 218(1), 21–27) concluded that having more siblings delayed menarche, but many subsequent studies have reported diverging results. We thus aimed to investigate whether the initial conclusion remains valid by controlling for sibship size and birth order together, analyzing a large number of observations, drawing on a nationally representative sample, adjusting for childhood socioeconomic status, and considering a developing country. We additionally aimed to assess the importance of sibling sex for age at menarche.MethodsWe analyzed 10 212 ever‐married women aged 20+ in the last wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey. We regressed age at menarche on sibship size, birth spacing, and childhood socioeconomic status. We subsequently divided sibship size into the numbers of brothers and sisters.ResultsHaving more siblings was related to later menarche, and the relationship was strengthened when the birth order was controlled for. In addition, those born earlier experienced menarche later. Sibling sex was irrelevant to age at menarche, boosting the importance of sibship size itself.ConclusionsOur results support the earlier conclusion that having more siblings delays menarche.
A rare male patient with Fontaine progeroid syndrome caused by p.R217H de novo mutation in SLC25A24
Authors: Rodríguez‐García María Elena , Cotrina‐Vinagre Francisco Javier , Cruz‐Rojo Jaime , Garzón‐Lorenzo Lucía , Carnicero‐Rodríguez Patricia , Pozo Jaime Sánchez‐Del , Martínez‐Azorín Francisco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report the clinical and genetic findings in a 15‐year‐old Spanish boy presenting prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue, premature skin wrinkling, sparse hair, short distal phalanges with small nails, umbilical hernia, wide anterior fontanel, and normal cognitive and motor development. Exome sequencing uncovered a heterozygous mutation in SLC25A24 (NM_013386: c.650G>A: p.R217H) that encodes for the calcium‐binding mitochondrial carrier protein SCaMC‐1. This gain‐of‐function variant has been previously associated with Fontaine syndrome and Gorlin‐Chaudhry‐Moss syndrome, two entities that show overlapping features, and have been recently subsumed under the name Fontaine progeroid syndrome (FPS; MIM: 612289) in OMIM. Here, we describe the first male patient with genetically confirmed FPS who survives at least until adolescence.
Flexible Perowskit‐Solarzellen: Herstellung und Anwendungen
Authors: Yang Dong , Yang Ruixia , Priya Shashank , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFlexible Perowskit‐Solarzellen werden aufgrund ihres vielversprechenden Potentials in der tragbaren Elektronik intensiv erforscht. Verschiedene Niedertemperatur‐Herstellungsmethoden für Perowskitfilme und große Fortschritte bei der gezielten Abstimmung der Schnittstellen und Elektrodenmaterialien haben zu Effizienzen von über 18 % geführt. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die jüngsten Entwicklungen bei flexiblen Perowskit‐Solarzellen mit Schwerpunkt auf: 1) Niedertemperatur‐Herstellungsmethoden zur Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von Perowskitfilmen, wie vollständige Bedeckung, einheitliche Morphologie und gute Kristallinität; 2) Schnittstellen/Grenzflächen in flexiblen Perowskit‐Solarzellen, einschließlich Kennzahlen wie Transmissionsgrad, Ladungsträgerbeweglichkeit, Bandlückenabstand; 3) mechanische und Umgebungsstabilität flexibler Perowskit‐Solarzellen; 4) Ausblick auf flexible Perowskit‐Solarzellen in tragbaren Elektronikgeräten und deren Kosten; 5) Perspektiven zur Kommerzialisierung flexibler Perowskit‐Solarzellen.
Chemoselective α,β‐Dehydrogenation of Saturated Amides
Authors: Teskey Christopher J. , Adler Pauline , Gonçalves Carlos R. , Maulide Nuno 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report a method for the selective α,β‐dehydrogenation of amides in the presence of other carbonyl moieties under mild conditions. Our strategy relies on electrophilic activation coupled to in situ selective selenium‐mediated dehydrogenation. The α,β‐unsaturated products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields, and their synthetic versatility was demonstrated by a range of transformations. Mechanistic experiments suggest formation of an electrophilic SeIV species.
A Promising Application of Optical Hexagonal TaN in Photocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Liu Huimin , Song Hui , Zhou Wei , Meng Xianguang , Ye Jinhua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSearching for highly active and efficient photocatalysts for photo‐induced/photo‐assisted reactions remains the most challenging task for solar energy utilization. In previous studies, the search for such materials has mainly focused on precious plasmonic metals (for example, Au, Ag, and Cu) and semiconductor oxides (for example, TiO2, ZnO, and WO3). Herein, we report the application of hexagonal tantalum mononitride (TaN) as an optical support in photocatalytic reactions, which could harness visible light to assist CO2 conversion and decompose organic pollutants. Theoretical studies indicated that the improved electron‐hole separation in polar TaN under visible‐light illumination was critical for its use in photocatalysis. This study could guide the use of TaN in various photocatalytic reactions and wider optical applications.
Optimisation of CH4 and CO2 conversion and selectivity of H2 and CO for the dry reforming of methane by a microwave plasma technique using a Box–Behnken design
Authors: Alawi Nabil Majd , Barifcani Ahmed , Abid Hussein Rasool 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA microwave plasma was generated by N2 gas. Synthesis gases (H2 and CO) were produced by the interaction of CH4 and CO2 under plasma conditions at atmospheric pressure. The experimental pilot plant was set up, and the gases were sampled and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The Box–Behnken design (BBD) method was used to find the optimising conditions based on the experimental results. The response surface methodology based on a three‐parameter and three‐level BBD has been developed to find the effects of independent process parameters, which were represented by the gas flow rates of CH4, CO2, and N2 and their effects on the process performance in terms of CH4, CO2, and N2 conversion and selectivity of H2 and CO. In this work, four models based on quadratic polynomial regression have been determined to understand the connection between the limits of the feed gas flow rate and the performance of the process. The results show that the most important factor influencing the CO2, CH4, and N2 conversion and the selectivity of H2 and CO was “CO2 feed gas flow rate.” At the maximum desirable value of 0.92, the optimum CH4, CO2, and N2 conversion were 84.91%, 44.40%, and 3.37%, respectively, and the selectivities of H2 and CO were 51.31% and 61.17%, respectively. This was achieved at a gas feed flow rate of 0.19, 0.38, and 1.49 L min−1 for CH4, CO2, and N2, respectively.