bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtues and vices and parts and wholes
Authors: Heffernan George 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper addresses a perennial controversy in virtue ethics. In Plato’s dialogue, Protagoras, Socrates argues that virtue is knowledge but doubts whether it can be taught, whereas Protagoras denies that virtue is knowledge but affirms that it can be taught. In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle argues that one cannot have ethical virtue without dianoetical virtue or vice versa. In his Third Logical Investigation, Husserl distinguishes between independent parts and non-independent parts of wholes. In the first application of the phenomenological logic of parts and wholes to the relationship between ethical virtue and dianoetical virtue, this paper corroborates Aristotle’s intuition about the connection between excellence of character and excellence of mind, namely, that one cannot possess the one without the other or vice versa.
Trajectories and challenges of translating traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Zemplén Gábor 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper focuses on technoscientific translation of Chinese materia medica and acupuncture therapy, and the discursive strategies of inclusion and exclusion that charactise the related boundary-work. Examples from books by Joseph Needham, Simon Singh and Edzard Ernst show that the prior attitude towards the medical mertis of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) informs decisions on ranking different types of evidence, and even where evidence is shared, they can be framed differently (emphasis framing) to support endorsement or rejection of TCM. The trajectories of some translated herbal remedies (artemisinin, changsan, mahuang) of TCM show that the uptake in institutionalized biomedicine could benefit from the medical knowledge of TCM, and that not enough trust in TCM can be epistemically detrimental or ethically objectionable. Revisiting a landmark publication linking fMRI and acupuncture-research and the ensuing retraction suggests that some of the characteristic strategies employed in boundary work around TCM can hinder the scientific understanding of TCM. The cases studied give credence to the position that TCM by now is both inside and outside science as fruitful research can provide partial maps of TCM without full translation, and that demarcating TCM by framing it as fringe science is not a reasonable option.
The beleaguered filibuster of the US Senate
Authors: Ketcham Christopher 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the debate about the debate and two procedures that US senators use to extend and close the debate: filibuster and cloture. I first outline the history of the filibuster and cloture. Within the debate about the debate are two controversies: the senate as an exclusive deliberative body, and the meaning of majority rule. I show how the exclusive deliberative body theory envisioned by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and George Washington has devolved to where the Senate has become more like the House. Majority rule, because of changes made to cloture, has become more like what the framers of the Constitution likely envisioned: simple majority rule.
The ruins of the political
Authors: Del Bianco Francesco 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
According to Carl Schmitt, the main premise of Western political thought is the idea of the “border” between “friend” and “enemy”: one’s “ownness” is always founded in its difference from the “otherness”. However, after the end of the Cold War, the Western world abandoned these categories, choosing for itself an “open identity” and the new myth of a completed universalism. As a result, the idea of “border” fell into ruin. Nevertheless, during the last Crisis the former conceptuality came back into fashion. Many political forces and opinion makers identify Globalization itself, and the universalistic vocation of our culture, as the reasons for the material and spiritual decay of the Western world: refusing to distinguish the others from us, finally we became unable to recognise ourselves. Therefore, the critics of the “open identity” propose a return to the “old borders” of the Western identity and a strong defence of its roots: The Holy Bible and the Judeo-Christian culture. The aim of this paper is to examine the problems of these controversies between the universalistic vocation and the new identity claim of the Western world, answering these questions: (1) What are the implications of ruined human artefacts and concepts? (2) How did it happen that the conceptuality of “border” fell into ruin? (3) Why is that ruined conceptuality now important again? (4) How can the Bible and the Judaic-Christian culture be useful to solve the controversy about Western identity?
How to solve controversies in scenarios of legal pluralism
Authors: Marrero Danny 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper I propose a method to solve controversies in scenarios of legal pluralism. Shortly, in scenarios of legal pluralism some of the controversies involve members of culturally differentiated groups who justify their allegations with arguments that only make sense in the culture to which they belong. If the adjudicator does not share the same cultural worldview as the parts under litigation, how can he/she come to make a decision determining the parties’ rights and obligations? My answer for this question includes (1) an account of knowledge to culturally differentiated groups, and (2) a method for the evaluation of the culturally-dependent arguments.
Loss of grammatical gender and language contact
Authors: Igartua Iván 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite its alleged relative stability, grammatical gender has nevertheless been completely lost in a number of languages. Through the analysis of three case studies (Afrikaans, Ossetic, and Cappadocian Greek) and a brief survey of similar developments in other languages, this article investigates the link between the loss of gender and language contact, which appears to be a key factor in the decline of gender systems. Drawing on recent research within the framework of sociolinguistic typology, I focus on the specific influence that a particular type of language contact (namely, non-native or imperfect learning) usually exerts on the grammar of the languages being acquired. I also discuss the diachronic asymmetry between the loss and the development of gender in language contact settings: while gender loss seems to be contact-related in quite a number of cases, replication or borrowing of gender turns out to be a rather restricted or even rare phenomenon.
Reassessing the evolution of West Germanic preterite inflection
Authors: De Smet Isabeau , Van de Velde Freek 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article takes a quantitative approach to the long-term dynamics of the preterite inflection in West Germanic, with a special focus on Dutch. In a first step, we replicate two often-cited studies on English and German (Lieberman et al. 2007andCarroll et al. 2012, respectively) by looking at Dutch. This part also tackles some methodological shortcomings in the previous studies. In a second step, we delve deeper into the evolution of the preterite morphology in Dutch in the last 1200 years, by looking at several factors which have been previously only investigated in isolation or on limited time slices. Using multiple binomial regression analysis, the various factors are studied under multifactorial control.
Covert modernist techniques in Australian fiction
Authors: Tilney Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeter Carey’s short storyAmerican dreams(Carey 1994 [1974]) presents a recalibration of consciousness as a small Australian town gradually becomes Americanized. The text foregrounds epistemological concerns by demonstrating a clear tendency toward delayed understanding. For this reason, I argue that the story is an instance of modernist fiction: a label not previously applied to Carey’s stories. In contrast with popular modernist techniques such as free indirect discourse and stream of consciousness, the techniques presented in the text appear to be covert, which may at least partially explain why the story has managed to avoid being labelled modernist by literary critics until now. Using analytical tools grounded in systemic functional grammar and appraisal categories, I demonstrate how linguistic analysis can lay bare the covert modernist techniques at work in the story, indicating that such an approach can be a useful complement to non-linguistic literary criticism.
A semiotics of nonexistence?
Authors: Karlander David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Spatially interested sociolinguistics has cared little about the semiotics of nonexistence. The present article
argues that the field would benefit from deepening its interest in questions of erasure and relative absence. A case in point, as
the article shows, is graffiti. By analysing some semiotic facets of the erasure of graffiti, the article brings home the point
that a semiotics of nonexistence is deeply embedded in the semiotic regimentation of space. The persistence of this condition
calls for an analytical sensitisation to less obvious forms of semiosis.
Let’s get phygital
Authors: Lyons Kate 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper considers the interplay of physical and digital landscaping in the Mission District (‘the Mission’), a
gentrified neighborhood in San Francisco, California. Aligned with recent work on affect and people’s mediations of the linguistic
landscape (Wee, 2016; Banda & Jimaima, 2015), I examine how the Mission is
filtered – literally and figuratively – in a corpus of 16,756 Instagram posts. Comparing these digital
remediated productions of place to the physical landscape, I demonstrate how both are structured semiotically along exclusionary
lines. Contrary to the democratic and inclusive mythology of digital / social media, I show how users’ self-positionings and
elitist stancetaking (Jaworski & Thurlow, 2009; Mapes, forthcoming) effectively reinscribe privilege and reiterate gentrification of the Mission. As mining of ‘big
data’ becomes increasingly valued as empirically ‘objective’ information, my analysis demonstrates geotagged content should not be
viewed as a static indicator, but as a subjective, dynamic and – at times – problematic process.
Quebec’s new language dynamic
Authors: Castonguay Charles 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Census data are used to monitor the efficiency of Bill 101 in reorienting language shift more favourably for
French. Immigration from former French colonies or Romance-language countries is shown to be the major factor driving the increase
in the share of French in the assimilation of Allophones since 1991. The schooling provisions of Bill 101 are seen to play a
significant supporting role in this respect, but not those promoting French as language of work. It is further shown that the
corresponding trend towards a greater share for French in overall assimilation has become seriously compromised by a growing
Anglicization of Francophones themselves, notably in the Montreal metropolitan area. The resulting consolidation of the
superiority of English as language of assimilation in Quebec is seen to explain in large part the emergence of a new language
dynamic since 2001, combining a record decline in relative weight of Quebec’s French-speaking majority with a mild but equally
historic increase in weight of its English-speaking minority.
L’utilisation du français dans la sphère publique
Authors: Termote Marc 
Published: July 2019

Résumé
Après un bref examen de certains problèmes conceptuels (partie 1), nous présentons les principales mesures
introduites par la Charte de la langue française en matière de langue de travail, de langue du commerce et des affaires, et de
langue d’affichage, et faisons état des modifications apportées depuis l’adoption de ces mesures en 1977
(partie 2). Nous analysons ensuite (partie 3) l’évolution entre 1977 et 2018 des indicateurs pertinents. En conclusion
(partie 4), nous tentons de dégager les principales implications de cette évolution.
Evaluating the impact of Bill 101 on the English-speaking communities of Quebec
Authors: Bourhis Richard Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThough forty years of language policies much improved the status and use of French in Quebec, laws such as Bill 101 played a role in reducing the demographic and institutional vitality of the English-speaking communities of Quebec (ESCQ). Pro-French laws maintained Francophones at close to 80% of the Quebec population and ensured that 95% of the Quebec population acquired knowledge of French. Language laws contributed to the decline of Anglophone mother tongue speakers from 13% of the population in 1971 to 7.5% in 2016, while increasing to 70% French/English bilingualism amongst Anglophones. With a net interprovincial loss of over 310,000 Anglophones who left Quebec for the rest of Canada (ROC), results show that Anglophones who stayed in Quebec are less educated and earn lower income than Quebec Francophones. Language laws limiting access to English schools succeeded in reducing the size of the English school system from 256, 251 pupils in 1971 (100%) to only 96,235 pupils in 2018 (37%). While the Anglophone minority bemoan their demographic and institutional decline in education, health care, and government services, many Francophones remains concerned about threats to French by bilingualism in Montreal and their minority status in Canada and North America.
MetaNet
Authors: Sweetser Eve , David Oana , Stickles Elise 
Published: July 2019

We showcase some of the defining characteristics of the architecture of the MetaNet Automated Metaphor Identification System that make it stand out relative to other metaphor database and computational metaphor identification endeavors. The discussion focuses on the central role played by grammatical constructions in automatically discovering metaphoric language in large corpora, providing examples across the four languages studied – English, Spanish, Farsi, and Russian. Among the many target domains studied, we provide examples from Taxation (e.g., taxes weigh me down,
taxation is a burden
). Although the system was originally developed primarily to examine metaphors within political and economic domains, the general ontology allows new frames and metaphors to be incorporated, sometimes with very little added labor.
The lexical vs. corpus-based method in the study of metaphors
Authors: Kövecses Zoltán , Ambrus Laura , Hegedűs Dániel , Imai Ren , Sobczak Anna 
Published: July 2019

In the past 15–20 years, there has been an increasing tendency to study metaphors found in real data (large corpora, specific discourses, conversations, etc.). What became known as “corpus-linguistic methods” of metaphor study, distinguish themselves from a prior way of studying metaphor that is often labeled “intuitive,” “subjective,” and “eclectic.”
In this paper, we propose an updated version of this “intuitive” method, which is termed here the “lexical approach.” We compare and evaluate this approach with the corpus-based one, making use of the concept of SURPRISE (see Kövecses, 2015) for demonstrative purposes.
We conclude with some methodological suggestions, in which we argue that the two approaches reinforce and complement one another, toward the common goal of advancing metaphor theory.
Ecosystem services dynamics response to tremendous reclamation in a coastal island city
Authors: Deng Jinsong , Lin Yi , Zhou Mengmeng , Wu Chun , Chen Binjie , Xiao Guoqiang , Cai Jinbo 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
: Ecosystem services are the benefits delivering from the natural environment to human society. Ecosystem services are regarded as important tools for decision-makers to understand the impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) change.
Outcomes
: The dynamic of four primary ecosystem service indicators were assessed over 1984–2014 based on InVEST model and their responses to LULC changes have been analyzed by the ecosystem service change index (ESCI) and ecosystem service state index (ESSI). Our results confirmed the significant increment in land reclamation in Zhoushan City and over half of the reclamation area was used for human-induced urbanization and over a quarter for the fishery. For the whole territory, the most significant LULC conversions were observed between agricultural land and urban. The study period witnessed the degradation of habitat quality and soil sediment, an increment of the water yield and no significant change of carbon storage.
Discussion and Conclusion
: Most changes in LULC are significantly related to the dynamics of ecosystem services, which were more impacted in the reclamation area than the rest of the city. Our study highlights the importance of ecosystem service assessments for sustainable land planning and securing economic development.
Enhancement of corona discharge induced wind generation with carbon nanotube and titanium dioxide decoration*
Authors: Ye Jianchun , Li Jun , Chen Xiaohong , Huang Sumei , Ou-Yang Wei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Dip-coated double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) sol have been prepared and smeared onto the tip of a conductive iron needle which serves as the corona discharge anode in a needle–cylinder corona system. Compared with the discharge electrode of a CNT-coated needle tip, great advancements have been achieved with the TiO2/CNT-coated electrode, including higher discharge current, ionic wind velocity, and energy conversion efficiency, together with lower corona onset voltage and power consumption. Several parameters related to the discharge have been phenomenologically and mathematically studied for comparison. Thanks to the morphology reorientation of the CNT layer and the anti-oxidation of TiO2, better performance of corona discharge induced wind generation of the TiO2/CNT-coated electrode system has been achieved. This novel decoration may provide better thoughts about the corona discharge application and wind generation.
Experimental demonstration of influence of underwater turbulence on ghost imaging*
Authors: Yin Man-Qian , Wang Le , Zhao Sheng-Mei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
It is difficult to obtain a clear image in underwater turbulence environment with classical imaging methods due to the absorption, scattering, and underwater turbulence on the propagation beam. However, ghost imaging (GI), a non-locally imaging technique, has shown the turbulence-free ability in atmospheric turbulence by exploiting the second-order correlation between the signal beam and the reference beam. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the imaging quality of GI affected by the underwater environment, where the underwater environment is simulated by a 1 m × 0.4 m × 0.4 m tank with distilled water. The water temperature is controlled by a heater inside the tank, and a temperature gradient is obtained by putting the heater at different positions of the tank. The water vibration is produced by a heavy force, and the turbid medium is obtained by dissolving very small specks of CaCO3 in the water. A set of Hadamard speckle pattern pairs are generated and modulated on the incident beam, and then the beam illuminates on an unknown object after passing through the simulated underwater environment. With the second-order correlations, the image is reconstructed under different temperature gradients, water vibration, and turbid medium ratios. The results show that GI has the turbulence-free ability under lower temperature gradient, water vibration, and turbid media. The structural similarity image measurement (SSIM) values of the reconstructed images only start to decrease when the temperature gradient is greater than 4.0 °C. The same temperature gradient produced at the different positions has a little effect on the quality of the underwater GI.
Interaction of

H

2

+

molecular beam with thin layer graphene foils*
Authors: Li Min , Qu Guo-Feng , Wang Yi-Zhou , Zhu Zhou-Sen , Shi Mian-Gong , Zhou Mao-Lei , Liu Dong , Xu Zi-Xu , Song Ming-Jiang , Zhang Jun , Bai Fan , Liao Xiao-Dong , Han Ji-Feng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The interaction of MeV

H

2

+

molecular ions with thin layer graphene and graphite foils was studied by using a high-resolution electrostatic analyzer. A large number of fragment protons were observed at zero degree (along the beam direction) when the

H

2

+

beam was passing through the monolayer graphene foil, which indicates that the electron of the

H

2

+

molecular ions can be stripped easily even by the monolayer graphene foil. More trailing than leading protons were found in the energy spectrum, which means significant wake effect was observed in the monolayer graphene foil. The ratio of the numbers of trailing protons over leading protons first increased with the thickness for the much thinner graphene foils, and then decreased with the thickness for the much thicker graphite foils, which indicates that the bending effect of the wake field on the trailing proton varied with the foil thickness.
Pancharatnam–Berry metasurface for terahertz wave radar cross section reduction*
Authors: Li Shao-He , Li Jiu-Sheng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The digital coding metasurfaces need several kinds of meta-particle structures to obtain corresponding electromagnetic wave responses and require time-consuming optimization. In this paper, we present train-symbol-shaped meta-particles with various orientations utilizing Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase to achieve 1-, 2-, and 3-bit digital coding metasurfaces. Terahertz wave scattering patterns of the coding metasurfaces with regular and random sequences are given and discussed. They have strongly suppressed backward scattering with approximately −13.5 dB radar cross section (RCS) reduction in a wide band range from 0.85 THz to 1.6 THz. The proposed digital coding metasurfaces provide a simple way and new opportunities for manipulating terahertz wave scattering with polarization independence.
Case-matched Comparison of Postoperative Outcomes Following Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Exposure to Vedolizumab vs Other Biologics
Authors: Novello M , Stocchi L , Steele S R , Holubar S D , Duraes L C , Kessler H , Shawki S , Hull L T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background and Aim
The effects of vedolizumab [VEDO] exposure on perioperative outcomes following surgery for inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] remain controversial. The aim of our study was to compare postoperative morbidity of IBD surgery following treatment with VEDO vs other biologics or no biologics.

Methods
An institutional review board-approved, prospectively collected database was queried to identify all patients undergoing abdominal surgery for IBD between August 2012 and May 2017. The impact of VEDO within 12 weeks preoperatively on postoperative morbidity was initially assessed with univariate and multivariable analyses on all patients. A case-matched analysis was then carried out comparing patients exposed to VEDO vs other biologic agents, based on gender, age ± 5 years, diagnosis, date of surgery ± 2 years, and surgical procedure.

Results
Out of 980 patients, 141 received VEDO. The majority of patients [59%] underwent surgery involving end or diverting ostomy creation. The initial multivariate analysis conducted on all patients indicated that VEDO use was independently associated with increased overall morbidity [p &lt;0.001], but not infectious morbidity [p = 0.30]. However, the case-matched comparison of 95 VEDO-treated patients vs 95 patients treated with adalimumab or infliximab did not indicate any difference in overall morbidity [p = 0.32], infectious complications [p = 0.15], or surgical site infections [p = 0.12].

Conclusions
In a study population having a high rate of surgery involving ostomy creation, the exposure to preoperative VEDO was not associated with an increased morbidity rate when compared with other biologics.