bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled trial to estimate reduction in pain after laparoscopic surgery when using a combination therapy of intraperitoneal normal saline and the pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre
Authors: van Dijk JEW , Dedden SJ , Geomini PMAJ , van Kuijk SMJ , van Hanegem N , Meijer P , Bongers MY 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of two manoeuvres at the end of gynaecological laparoscopy on postoperative pain.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingOne teaching and one university hospital in the Netherlands.SampleWomen aged between 18 and 65 years, with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) classification I–II, scheduled for an elective laparoscopic procedure for a benign gynaecological indication.MethodsWomen were randomly allocated to two groups. In the intervention group, carbon dioxide was removed from the abdomen by a combination treatment of intraperitoneal warm saline and performing a pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre. In the control group, carbon dioxide was removed with gentle abdominal pressure.Main outcome measuresFrequency and intensity of post‐laparoscopic shoulder pain and pain in the upper abdomen at 8, 24, and 48 hours after surgery.ResultsA total of 200 women participated, with 100 in each group. No difference was observed in the occurrence of post‐laparoscopic shoulder pain during the first 48 hours after surgery between the intervention group (46%) and the control group (55%). The incidence of abdominal pain was not significantly different between the two groups. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of participants who reported shoulder pain were not statistically different between the groups. The mean VAS score for abdominal pain at 8 hours after surgery was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (3.2 versus 4.2, P = 0.02). No difference in pain medication between the groups was observed, nor was there any difference in nausea or vomiting.ConclusionsCombined intervention of intraperitoneal saline and the pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre does not lower post‐laparoscopic shoulder pain.FundingThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not‐for‐profit sectors.Tweetable abstractPRM with intraperitoneal saline does not influence the incidence and intensity of post‐laparoscopic shoulder pain.
A Common Framework on Inequalities for G7 Countries
Authors: Martelli Simone , Bartolomucci Lawrence , Berardi Simone 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHigh and rising inequality has become one the defining challenges of our time, causing concerns among policymakers, especially in G7 countries. As a response, policy makers have adopted different strategies to address the issue. We argue that the unsatisfactory results of this uncoordinated approach reflects a misunderstanding of the multidimensional nature of inequality and of its main drivers. A common and coordinated framework among G7 countries, both individually and as a group, could prove more effective in addressing inequalities.
Attempt of peripheral nerve reconstruction during lung cancer surgery
Authors: Li Hanyue , Hu Yingjie , Huang Jia , Yang Yunhai , Xing Kaichen , Luo Qingquan 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundVagus nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury are not rare complications of lung cancer surgery and can cause lethal consequences. Until now, no optimal method other than paying greater attention during surgery has been available.MethodsFour patients underwent lung surgery that involved RLN or vagus nerve injury. The left RLN or vagus nerve was cut off and then reconstructed immediately during surgery. Two patients underwent direct anastomosis, while the remaining two underwent phrenic nerve replacing tension‐relieving anastomosis.ResultsAll patients were able to speak immediately after recovery. No or minimal glottal gap was observed during laryngoscopy conducted on the second day after surgery. Most patients achieved full recovery of voice quality.ConclusionsImmediate reconstruction of RLN is technically feasible and can be carried out with satisfying short‐term and long‐term outcomes.
The Chirocopter: A UAV for recording sound and video of bats at altitude
Authors: Fu Yanqing , Kinniry Morgan , Kloepper Laura N. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Most recordings of bats are conducted with fixed equipment, which relies on opportunistic data collection. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV; such as drones) are considered inappropriate for recording bats due to ultrasound noise constraints.

We developed a UAV system that physically isolates UAV noise, so we can record, with 3D manoeuvrability, ultrasonic audio and spatial thermal data of bat flight at altitude.

We tested the noise of our UAV with various payloads and microphone configurations to characterize the ultrasonic noise of our system, physically isolate drone noise from the microphone, and maximize UAV flight performance.

Over 84 min of recordings, we captured 3,847 echolocation signals from bats with corresponding thermal data of bat flight. Our system provides a feasible mechanism to capture both acoustic and video data of bats aloft at flexible locations and altitudes.

We include information on how to extend our method to apply to acoustic recordings in the audible (20 Hz–20 kHz) range for recording sounds of other taxa.
Field testing a novel high residence positioning system for monitoring the fine‐scale movements of aquatic organisms
Authors: Guzzo Matthew M. , Van Leeuwen Travis E. , Hollins Jack , Koeck Barbara , Newton Matthew , Webber Dale M. , Smith Frank I. , Bailey David M. , Killen Shaun S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Acoustic telemetry is an important tool for studying the behaviour of aquatic organisms in the wild.

VEMCO high residence (HR) tags and receivers are a recent introduction in the field of acoustic telemetry and can be paired with existing algorithms (e.g. VEMCO positioning system [VPS]) to obtain high‐resolution two‐dimensional positioning data.

Here, we present results of the first documented field test of a VPS composed of HR receivers (hereafter, HR‐VPS). We performed a series of stationary and moving trials with HR tags (mean HR transmission period = 1.5 s) to evaluate the precision, accuracy and temporal capabilities of this positioning technology. In addition, we present a sample of data obtained for five European perch Perca fluviatilis implanted with HR tags (mean HR transmission period = 4 s) to illustrate how this technology can estimate the fine‐scale behaviour of aquatic animals.

Accuracy and precision estimates (median [5th–95th percentile]) of HR‐VPS positions for all stationary trials were 5.6 m (4.2–10.8 m) and 0.1 m (0.02–0.07 m), respectively, and depended on the location of tags within the receiver array. In moving tests, tracks generated by HR‐VPS closely mimicked those produced by a handheld GPS held over the tag, but these differed in location by an average of ≈9 m.

We found that estimates of animal speed and distance travelled for perch declined when positional data for acoustically tagged perch were thinned to mimic longer transmission periods. These data also revealed a trade‐off between capturing real nonlinear animal movements and the inclusion of positioning error.

Our results suggested that HR‐VPS can provide more representative estimates of movement metrics and offer an advancement for studying fine‐scale movements of aquatic organisms, but high‐precision survey techniques may be needed to test these systems.
Reptiles and frogs use most land cover types as habitat in a fine‐grained agricultural landscape
Authors: Pulsford Stephanie A. , Barton Philip S. , Driscoll Don A. , Kay Geoffrey M. , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAgricultural landscapes comprise much of the earth's terrestrial surface. However, knowledge about how animals use and move through these landscapes is limited, especially for small and cryptic taxa, such as reptiles and amphibians. We aimed to understand the influence of land use on reptile and frog movement in a fine‐grained grazing landscape. We surveyed reptiles and frogs using pitfall and funnel traps in transects located in five land use types: 1) woodland remnants, 2) grazed pastures, 3) coarse woody debris added to grazed pastures, 4) fences in grazed pastures and 5) linear plantings within grazed pastures. We found that the different land cover types influenced the types and distances moved by different species and groups of species. Reptiles moved both within, and out of, grazed paddocks more than they did in woodland remnants. In contrast, frogs exhibited varying movement behaviours. The smooth toadlet (Uperoleia laevigata) moved more often and longer distances within remnants than within paddocks. The spotted marsh frog (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis) moved out of grazed pastures more than out of pastures with coarse woody debris added or fences and were never recaptured in plantings. We found that most recaptured reptiles and frogs (76.3%) did not move between trapping arrays, which added to evidence that they perceived most of the land cover types as habitat. We suggest that even simple fences may provide conduits for movement in the agricultural landscape for frogs. Otherwise, most reptile and frog species used all land cover types as habitat, though of varying quality. Reptiles appeared to perceive the woodland remnants as the highest quality habitat. This landscape is fine‐grained which may facilitate movement and persistence due to high heterogeneity in vegetation cover over short distances. Therefore, intensification and increasing the size of human land use may have negative impacts on these taxa.
A multicenter, observational study of metastatic breast cancer patients who were treated with eribulin mesylate or taxane‐based regimens
Authors: Kikuchi Yasuko , Uchida Yoshihiro , Shirakawa Kazuo , Kanauchi Hajime , Niwa Takayoshi , Nishioka Kotoe , Tada Keiichirou , Hashimoto Masanori , Yasuda Hidemitsu , Sugiura Ryoko , Kawabata Hidetaka , Seto Yasuyuki , Ogawa Toshihisa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThis multicenter, observational study aimed to investigate the survival benefit of eribulin as well as that of taxane‐based regimens in Japanese patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in a real‐world setting.MethodsThis study enrolled women with MBC who received eribulin or taxane‐based regimens with or without bevacizumab in routine clinical practice from July 2011 to March 2014. Patients were followed until September 2015. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS), post‐progression survival (PPS) and adverse events. Efficacy findings were adjusted according to demographics.ResultsIn total, 216 patients receiving eribulin monotherapy (n = 101), taxane monotherapy (n = 73) or taxane plus bevacizumab (n = 42) were followed for a median time of 15.4 months. Median OS, PFS and PPS were 22.3, 8.1 and 14 months in the eribulin monotherapy group; 13.2, 3.6 and 7.6 months in the taxane monotherapy group; and 12.9, 5.7 and 6.3 months, in the taxane plus bevacizumab group, respectively. The incidence of neutropenia was 67.3, 41.1 and 16.7%, and the incidence of grade 4 neutropenia was 1.0, 8.2 and 7.1% in the eribulin monotherapy, taxane monotherapy and taxane plus bevacizumab groups, respectively. One patient (1.0%) discontinued eribulin and 18 patients (15.7%) discontinued taxane‐based regimens because of adverse events.ConclusionIn Japanese MBC patients in a real‐world setting, eribulin showed a survival benefit and tolerability similar to that in previous reports.
Dose modifications in adjuvant chemotherapy for solid organ malignancies: A systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Prasanna Thiru , Beith Jane , Kao Steven , Boyer Michael , McNeil Catriona M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractToxicities of systemic cancer therapies are often less frequently observed in clinical trials than in clinical practice, due to the careful selection of patients with fewer comorbidities. Although guidelines exist for the estimation of chemotherapy dose, clinical factors like age, comorbid illness and extremes of body habitus are not considered in the method of dose calculation, which can result in significant toxicity. We reviewed the referenced clinical trials from which the evidence‐based curative‐intent cancer treatment protocols were developed for EVIQ, which is an Australian government, online resource. This review shows that a significant proportion of patients in curative‐intent clinical trials experience toxicities that result in dose modifications—dose reduction, dose delays or missed doses—despite strict selection criteria and intense monitoring. Thus, even in ideal, clinical‐trial settings chemotherapy dose calculation remains imprecise and subject to adjustment as clinically appropriate. In real‐world clinical practice, dose alterations or modifications in response to toxicities need to be thoroughly discussed and implemented with clear understanding of the patient with appropriate documentation. This review may be used as a reference in these situations to elaborate the extent of toxicities seen in clinical trials with optimal settings.
Activation of RhoA, Smad2, c‐Src, PKC‐βII/δ and JNK in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Lu Jianyun , Yin Rong , Fu Zhibing , Lee Veronica M , Nelson John Stuart , Tan Wenbin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAtopic dermatitis is a multifactorial skin disease characterised by chronic and relapsing inflammation whose pathogenesis is incompletely understood. We found that the expression of TGFβR1 and the activation of SMAD2, RhoA, JNK, PKC‐βII/δ and c‐Src were upregulated in the infiltrated inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and vasculatures in the dermis and epidermis. In addition, increases in the expression of TGFβR1 and phosphorylation levels of JNK and c‐Src were positively correlated with the inflammatory progression of atopic dermatitis severity.
Prenatal diagnosis of persistent right umbilical vein – Incidence and clinical impact. A prospective study
Authors: Krzyżanowski Arkadiusz , Swatowski Dariusz , Gęca Tomasz , Kwiatek Maciej , Stupak Aleksandra , Woźniak Sławomir , Kwaśniewska Anna 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundPersistent right umbilical vein (PRUV) is usually an isolated finding but it may be accompanied by other fetal malformations.AimsWe aimed to determine the incidence of prenatally diagnosed PRUV in a referral population, assess the neonatal outcome and discuss the findings together with those from previous publications.Materials and methodsA total of 2360 women with low‐risk singleton pregnancies were examined in the second and third trimesters. A transabdominal convex volume transducer was used. B‐mode was applied in each patient. Scanning of the venous system included imaging of the target vessels with two‐dimensional colour Doppler mapping. The diagnosis of PRUV was made in a transverse section of the fetal abdomen. Three‐dimensional ultrasounds were performed as necessary, when anomalous cases were encountered.ResultsThe incidence of PRUV in our population was 12/2360 = 0.5%, and it was higher than in other retrospective studies. In 75% (n = 9), PRUV was an isolated finding where delivery was uneventful and the postnatal outcome was favourable. In two cases PRUV was accompanied by omphalocele, and in one case by tetralogy of Fallot and single umbilical artery.ConclusionsPRUV is an uncommon prenatal finding. Screening for this anomaly can be easily performed in all pregnant patients. A diagnosis of PRUV should be followed by a thorough fetal morphology scan in order to exclude any other malformations, especially those of the cardiovascular system.
The impact of histones linked to sperm chromatin on embryo development and ART outcome
Authors: Fournier C. , Labrune E. , Lornage J. , Soignon G. , Giscard d'Estaing S. , Guérin J.‐F. , Benchaib M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the proportion of sperm chromatin linked to remaining histone and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcome. A prospective cohort study was performed on couples undergoing ART process at the Department of Reproduction Medicine (HFME, Bron, France). The histone‐to‐protamine ratio (HPR) was measured using the method described by Wykes & Krawetz (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 29471. The correlations with sperm DFI, blastocyst formation, pregnancy rate, and delivery rate were investigated. A total of 291 ART cycles were included (42 c‐IVF and 249 ICSI procedures): 3870 oocytes were punctured and 2211 embryos were obtained, among which 507 were transferred and 336 frozen. The mean HPR was 18.9%. A significant negative correlation was found between HPR and DFI (r = −0.12, p < 0.05). Regarding the type of ART procedure (c‐IVF or ICSI), the same kind of relationship between HPR and ART parameters was observed. Regardless of the type of ART procedure used, when the HPR was within the range [6%; 26%], the blastocyst formation rate was higher: 87.8% vs. 71.2% (HPR<6%; p < 0.01) and 74.6% (HPR >26%; p < 0.01). The highest delivery rate (DR; 24.5%) was obtained for HPR within the range [6%; 26%]; DR was 21.9% for HPR<6% and 18.3% for HPR>26%; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The procedure described in this study seems to be a reliable evaluation of the HPR. The HPR parameter seems to be correlated to embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage, but its involvement in clinical pregnancy/delivery could not be confirmed. HPR should be further investigated for confirming the relationship with blastocyst formation. After this, the next step will be to investigate the etiologies of HPR alterations for improving the sperm nucleus quality for increasing the chance of pregnancy.
Retinal sensitivity following intraocular silicone oil and gas tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Scheerlinck Laura M. , Schellekens Peter A. , Liem Albert T. , Steijns Daan , van Leeuwen Redmer 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether intraocular silicone oil (SO) tamponade is associated with functional changes in patients with both macula‐on and macula‐off rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs).MethodsProspective observational cohort study of patients with RRD treated by vitrectomy with gas or SO tamponade at the University Medical Center Utrecht. Outcome was best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal sensitivity on microperimetry 2 months after surgery.ResultsIn total, 40 eyes were included. There are 10 eyes in each of the following groups: macula‐on RRD and gas, macula‐on RRD and SO, macula‐off RRD and gas, and macula‐off RRD and SO. Median retinal sensitivity on microperimetry was decreased following SO tamponade compared to gas tamponade for both macula‐on and macula‐off RRD (p < 0.037).ConclusionFoveal sensitivity was decreased in eyes after SO tamponade compared to gas tamponade. These effects were observed in patients with macula‐on as well as macula‐off RRD. Although further investigation is warranted to validate our results and to study underlying mechanisms, retinal surgeons need to be aware of these findings after the use of SO tamponade.
Measuring Thriving across Nations: Examining the Measurement Equivalence of the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT) and the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT)
Authors: Wiese Christopher W. , Tay Louis , Su Rong , Diener Ed 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundPositive psychological health is a multifaceted construct and fundamental to individuals’ overall mental health. Yet, measures of positive psychological health tend to focus on only a few of these facets. Su, Tay, and Diener () sought to address this by creating the Comprehensive and Brief Inventories of Thriving (CIT/BIT), integrative measures of well‐being that assess positive psychological health broadly.MethodGiven growing interest in cross‐national comparisons in positive psychological health, the present study expands on this work by examining the measurement invariance of these two measures across 10 countries (N= 3,077). First, a series of single‐group confirmatory analyses were run to assess how well theCIT/BITfit data from each country. Next, multi‐group confirmatory analyses were run to assess measurement invariance.ResultsSingle‐group confirmatory factor analysis supported the original 18‐factor structure of theCITwhen compared to alternative models (single factor, seven factor, bi‐factor model) in seven of the 10 countries and the single‐factor structure of theBITacross all countries. Results from the measurement invariance analysis indicated partial scalar invariance for the remaining seven countries on theCITas well as partial scalar invariance across all countries for theBIT.ConclusionThe present study extends the initial work by Su et al. () by providing evidence of the measurement invariance of the comprehensive and brief inventories of thriving across cultures. Although the factor structure of theCITwas inadmissible in three countries, the results provide a crucial first step for those interested in comparing positive psychological health across nations. Research in both using these measures and cross‐cultural comparisons on positive psychological health is growing. We hope that the current efforts help facilitate this work towards furthering the understanding of positive psychological health.
Stopping nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment in Caucasian hepatitis B patients after HBeAg seroconversion is associated with high relapse rates and fatal outcomes
Authors: Van Hees S. , Bourgeois S. , Van Vlierberghe H. , Sersté T. , Francque S. , Michielsen P. , Sprengers D. , Reynaert H. , Henrion J. , Negrin Dastis S. , Delwaide J. , Lasser L. , Decaestecker J. , Orlent H. , Janssens F. , Robaeys G. , Colle I. , Stärkel P. , Moreno C. , Nevens F. , Vanwolleghem T. ,   Belgian NA Stop Study Group
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundStopping nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) after hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion is associated with high relapse rates in Asian patients, but data in Caucasian cohorts are scarce. Clinical course, outcomes and immunological aspects of chronic hepatitis B infections differ substantially between distinct ethnicities.AimThe aim of this study was to determine relapse rates, factors predicting relapse and clinical outcomes after nucleos(t)ide analogue cessation in a large, predominantly Caucasian cohort of chronic hepatitis B patients with nucleos(t)ide analogue‐induced HBeAg seroconversion.MethodsThis is a nationwide observational cohort study including HBeAg positive, mono‐infected chronic hepatitis B patients with nucleos(t)ide analogue‐induced HBeAg seroconversion from 18 centres in Belgium.ResultsA total of 98 patients with nucleo(s)tide analogue‐induced HBeAg seroconversion were included in the study. Of the 62 patients who stopped treatment after a median consolidation treatment of 8 months, 30 relapsed. Higher gamma‐glutamyl transferase levels at both treatment initiation (HR 1.004; P = 0.001 per unit increment) and HBeAg seroconversion (HR 1.006; P = 0.013 per unit increment) were associated with an increased risk of clinically significant relapse in a multivariate Cox regression model. Treatment cessation led to liver‐related death in 2 patients, of whom one showed a severe flare. Of the patients who continued treatment after HBeAg seroconversion, none relapsed or developed severe hepatic outcomes.ConclusionTreatment withdrawal in Caucasian chronic hepatitis B patients after nucleos(t)ide analogue‐induced HBeAg seroconversion results in viral relapses in more than half of patients with potential fatal outcomes. These real‐world data further lend support to preferentially continue NA treatment after HBeAg seroconversion until HBsAg loss.