bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steady‐State Inverse‐Temperature Crystallization Enabling Low Defect Perovskite Single Crystal and Efficient X‐Ray Detectors
Authors: Yu Fan , Song Yilong , Wang Lixiang , Yang Yang , Wang Jing , Shen Xiaonan , Jin Bowen , Song Haichuan , Fang Yanjun , Dong Qingfeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskite single crystals (SCs) have shown great potential in radiation detection applications due to their large radiation stopping power and excellent carrier transport properties. The spatial‐confined inverse‐temperature crystallization (ITC) method has been widely adopted to obtain large‐sized SCs. However, they usually face the problems of uneven stress distribution and high defect density due to the limited crystal growth space and varied growth rate with the increase in temperature, making it difficult to fabricate highly sensitive and stable radiation detectors. In this study, the steady‐state inverse‐temperature crystallization method (SS‐ITC) is developed to regulate the growth process of SCs by controlling the growth speed precisely to achieve a constant rate of growth as the temperature increases. Compared with the conventional ITC‐grown samples, the lattice spacing of SCs prepared by the SS‐ITC method is reduced by 1.2% due to tensile stress relaxation, resulting in a lower defect density of 7.93 × 109 cm−3 and a remarkable uniformity over a large area. As a result, the co‐planar X‐ray detectors based on these high‐quality SCs exhibit a high sensitivity of 1.67 × 105 µC Gyair−1 cm−2, representing the best performing MAPbBr3‐based X‐ray detectors reported to date.
Heterogeneous‐Gradient Supercell Metasurfaces for Independent Complex Amplitude Control over Multiple Diffraction Channels
Authors: Wu Tong , Zhang Xueqian , Xu Quan , Wang Lehui , Li Yao , Jiang Xiaohan , Wang Qingwei , Zhang Weili , Han Jiaguang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe ability to achieve independent complex amplitude control across multiple channels can significantly increase the information capacity of photonic devices. Diffraction inherently holds numerous channels, which are good candidates for dense light manipulation in angular space. However, no convenient method is currently available for attaining this. Here, a flexible interference approach utilizing silicon‐based transmission‐type heterogeneous‐gradient supercell metasurfaces is proposed. By simply designing the phases of the meta‐atoms’ radiations within a supercell, the complex amplitude of each diffraction channel can be individually and analytically controlled. Crucially, the complex amplitudes of multiple diffraction channels can be simultaneously controlled in a non‐interleaved manner, where the number of channels is determined by the number of effective adjusting degrees of freedom (DoF). As a proof‐of‐concept validation, several meta‐devices are experimentally demonstrated in the terahertz regime, which can generate multiple vortex beams, focal points, and splitting beams in different desired diffraction angles. This advancement heralds a new pathway for the development of multifunctional photonic devices with enhanced channel capacity, offering significant potential for both research and practical applications in photonics.
Achieving Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries by Constructing a Dense Lithiophilic Cu1.8Se/CuO Heterojunction Tip
Authors: Yang Yunfei , Wang Kun , Gao Xuehui , Jiang Muxi , Wu Chengkai , Ling Min , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) have garnered widespread attention due to their high specific capacity. However, the growth of lithium dendrite severely limits their practical applications. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to regulate the overall potential strength and lithium ions (Li+) concentration on the surface of the current collector by utilizing densely distributed tip effects. This concept is exemplified through the construction of lithiophilic Cu1.8Se/CuO heterojunction needle array on the Cu foil, ultimately achieving dendrite‐free lithium deposition. Based on the simulation in COMSOL multiphysics and experimental research, this design is demonstrated to enrich Li+ on the current collector surface, delay the formation of space charge regions, and mitigate the growth of lithium dendrites. Additionally, a built‐in electric field (BIEF) triggered by the heterointerface between Cu1.8Se and CuO further alleviates the Li+ concentration gradient on the electrode surface, achieving uniform bottom‐up deposition of Li within the array structure. Consequently, the symmetrical cell exhibits an ultra‐long cycle life of 2400 h (1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2) with an extremely low overpotential of 13 mV. Furthermore, full batteries using LiFePO4 as the cathode exhibit superior cycle stability and rate performance. This study presents a promising approach for designing dendrite‐free current collectors in LMBs.
Expanding Chemical Space in the Synthesis of Gold Bipyramids
Authors: Sánchez‐Iglesias Ana , Grzelczak Marek 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGold bipyramids (AuBPs), despite having superior properties compared to their spectroscopically similar counterparts, gold nanorods, have found comparatively limited applications. This discrepancy is primarily due to the lack of protocols to tailor their dimensions. Typically, the concentration of Au seeds is virtually the sole factor that determines the aspect ratio and thus, the optical properties of AuBPs. As a result, varying the volumes of AuBPs while incurring minimal changes to their optical spectra remains a synthetically non‐trivial task. Here, the chemical space in the seeded growth of AuBPs, is expanded by exploiting the interplay between bromide, silver ions, and seed concentration for tuning the final dimensions and optical properties of AuBPs. Specifically, a 6 fold change in volumes of AuBPs is achieved while maintaining the fixed plasmon band position. Further overgrowth of as‐prepared bipyramids broadens the realizable dimensions without compromising quality and initial morphology. Overall, the results expand the chemical toolbox in the wet‐chemistry synthesis of anisotropic gold nanoparticles, which is relevant for health, colorimetric sensors, and energy applications.
Metal Single Atom‐Hydroxyl Incorporation in Poly(heptazine imide) to Create Active Sites for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Hu Wenxuan , Li Aifeng , Li Haiping , Wang Yu , Fan Zhenke , Deng Quanhua , Wang Guoan , Xia Yuguo , Hou Wanguo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPoly(heptazine imide) (PHI) salts are extensively researched crystalline carbon nitride photocatalysts, but their photocatalytic water oxidation (PWO) performance is scarcely researched because of the difficulty in creating efficient active sites. Interference of metal ion (e.g., Na+ and K+) loss from the PHI salts in their PWO research has hardly been considered. Herein, metal single atom─OH (e.g., Co─OH) groups are incorporated into PHI to create efficient PWO active sites, via simple ion metathesis, hydrolysis, and deprotonation. The Co─OH modified PHI exhibits 9.3‐fold higher PWO (oxygen evolution) activity than PHI, with an external quantum yield reaching 0.44% even at 600 nm. Excluding interference of the metal ion loss, the function of the Co─OH incorporation is evidenced mainly to facilitate the oxygen evolution reaction, as well as to promote photogenerated charge separation and raise visible light absorption, with the role of the OH especially revealed. Moreover, it is discovered that Na+ loss from sodium PHI will decrease its PWO activity, protonation of PHI has a detrimental effect on its PWO performance, and some other metal single atom─OH incorporation in PHI can also enhance its PWO activity. Overall, this work provides a general way to create PWO active sites in PHI.
Analyzing the Correlation Between Toxic Comments and Code Quality
Authors: Sayago‐Heredia Jaime , Sailema Gustavo Chango , Pérez‐Castillo Ricardo , Piattini Mario 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSoftware development has a relevant human side, and this could, for example, imply that developers' feelings have an impact on certain aspects of software development such as quality, productivity, or performance. This paper explores the effects of toxic emotions on code quality and presents the SentiQ tool, which gathers and analyzes sentiments from commit messages (obtained from GitHub) and code quality measures (obtained from SonarQube). The SentiQ tool we proposed performs a sentiment analysis (based on natural language processing techniques) and relates the results to the code quality measures. The datasets extracted are then used as the basis on which to conduct a preliminary case study, which demonstrates that there is a relationship between toxic comments and code quality that may affect the quality of the whole software project. This has resulted in the drafting of a predictive model to validate the correlation of the impact of toxic comments on code quality. The main implication of this work is that these results could, in the future, make it possible to estimate code quality as a function of developers' toxic comments.
Harnessing the Potential of Graphene Quantum Dots for Multifunctional Biomedical Applications
Authors: Han Yujia , Hao Hongyan , Zeng Haixiang , Li Hongxia , Niu Xiaohui , Qi Wei , Zhang Deyi , Wang Kunjie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe existing and emerging demand for materials for life and health has contributed to the cultivation and development of respective markets. Nevertheless, the current generation of biomedical materials has yet to fully satisfy the clinical requirements of the market, which is still in its relative infancy. Research and development in this area must be prioritized in light of the pivotal role of new life and health materials in the biological field. Among many life and health materials, GQDs, an emerging nanomaterial, exhibit considerable promise in the biomedical field, primarily due to their exceptional properties. Furthermore, the direct preparation and functionalization of GQDs have facilitated the development of specific functional composites based on GQDs. The biological applications of GQDs are undergoing rapid growth, which makes it necessary to publish a review article presenting the latest advances in this field. This review provides an overview of the significant advances in synthesizing GQDs, the techniques employed for structural characterizations, and the properties that have been elucidated. Furthermore, it presents recent findings on applying GQDs in antimicrobial, anticancer, biosensing, drug delivery, and bioimaging applications. Finally, it explores the potential of GQDs in biomedicine and biotechnology, highlighting the current challenges that remain to be addressed.
The Chinese Herbal Medicine Li Qi Huo Xue Di Wan Ameliorates Ischemia or Hypoxia‐Induced Cardiac Injury and Remodeling in the Heart Through a Mechanism Involving Reduction of Necroptosis
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Yue , Tang Can , Dou Ya‐Qi , Luo Xiu‐Ju , Pu Jian , Peng Jun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLi Qi Huo Xue Di Wan (LQHXDW), a Chinese herbal medicine, is commonly used to treat symptoms such as palpitations, chest tightness, chest pain, and shortness of breath. However, its potential to reduce ischemia or hypoxia‐induced cardiac injury and remodeling, along with the precise mechanisms involved, remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of LQHXDW on cardiac injury and remodeling induced by ischemia or hypoxia, both in vivo and in vitro, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The mouse heart was subjected to ischemia for 14 days, showing evident myocardial injury and notable cardiac remodeling, accompanied by a reduction in cardiac function; these phenomena were reversed in the presence of LQHXDW. In the cultured cardiomyocyte exposed to hypoxia, incubation with LQHXDW increased the cell viability and reduced lactate dehydrogenase release. Mechanistically, LQHXDW exerted inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation levels of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL as well as oxidative stress in the mice hearts suffered ischemia and the cultured cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia. Using the methods of ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry, network pharmacology, and cellular thermal shift assay, phenethyl caffeate and isoliquiritigenin were identified as the potential active compounds in LQHXDW that counteract necroptosis. Based on these observations, we conclude that LQHXDW protects the heart against ischemia or hypoxia‐induced cardiac injury and remodeling through suppression of the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway‐dependent necroptosis and oxidative stress.
Effect of Processed Coffee Husk on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Body Weight Changes and Economic Feasibility of Bonga Sheep Fed on Natural Pasture Hay as a Basal Diet
Authors: Marew Lidya , Meheret Fentahun , Asmare Bimrew 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEthiopia is one of the world's coffee producers, generating about 192,000 metric tonnes of coffee husks annually as by‐products. The material can be used for ruminant diets to improve the nutrient utilisation of animals. However, coffee husk has toxic compounds, which can be minimised through different processing methods. Though the above techniques can minimise the toxicity level of coffee husk and increase the bioavailability of nutrients, there is scanty information on the comparative efficacy of these techniques, especially in ruminant nutrition.ObjectiveThe study was conducted to examine the effect of processed coffee husk on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, body weight changes and profitability of Bonga rams based on natural pasture hay.MethodsIn the experiment, 24 rams were used, and the rams were grouped into six blocks based on initial body weight (mean BW 21.5 ± 1.01 kg). The rams were quarantined for 21 days, and each ram was randomly assigned to one of the experimental feed treatments in a randomised complete block design (RCBD). The experimental treatment feeds include 400 g conventional concentrate mix (CM) containing Noug seed cake and wheat bran (T1); 200 g boiled coffee husk + 200 g CM (T2); 200 g roasted coffee husk + 200 g CM (T3) and 200 g raw coffee husk + 200 g CM (T4). The CM was made in the ratio of 1:1. The data collected from the 90‐day experimental period were: dry matter and nutrient intakes, initial body weight, final body weight and body weight changes. After the growth experiment, a 7‐day digestibility trial was followed by collecting faeces using a harness bag. The data were managed using Microsoft (MS) Excel 2010 and analysed using R software (v. 4.3.2). The chemical compositions of the CM had maximum crude protein (22%), followed by boiled coffee husk (14.74%), which was higher than natural pasture hay (6.91%) and raw coffee husk (12.4%).ResultsThe total dry matter intake (p < 0.05), metabolisable energy, and total nutrient intakes of rams were significantly (p < 0.001) maximised when rams fed on boiled coffee husk (T2) than raw (T4) and roasted (T4) coffee husk, except for NDF and organic matter intakes. The apparent digestibility of nutrients and feed conversion efficiency were maximised for rams assigned to T2. There was maximum daily body weight gain (p < 0.001) when rams were supplemented with boiled coffee husk (T2). Also, body weight changes of rams were significantly (p < 0.001) higher for rams supplementation with boiled coffee husk.ConclusionTherefore, the boiled coffee husk as an alternative feed resource can be replaced by about half of the commercial CM without adverse effects of anti‐nutritional factors and enhance the income of smallholder farmers in the coffee crop‐livestock production system.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Bis[2,6‐Bis(Diphenylphosphino) Phenyl]Antimony Chloride Towards Mercury Chlorides Unexpected. Transmetallation and Sb−Sb Bond Formation
Authors: Meyer Fabio , Lork Enno , Hupf Emanuel , Beckmann Jens 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe reaction of the lithium reagent 2,6‐(Ph2P)2C6H3Li with SbCl3 provided the diarylantimony chloride [2,6‐(Ph2P)2C6H3]2SbCl (1) as sole product. The reaction of 1 with an equimolar mixture of HgCl2 and Hg2Cl2 proceeded with partial transmetallation and provided [2,6‐(Ph2P)2C6H3SbCl]2 (2) and [2,6‐(Ph2P)2C6H3]2Hg ⋅ 2 HgCl2 (3). The molecular structure of 2 reveals a dinuclear arrangement and the unexpected formation of a central Sb−Sb single bond (2.7862(4) Å). The molecular structure of 3 exhibits a trinuclear mercury string arrangement comprised of two symmetry equivalent mercurophilic Hg ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Hg interactions (3.2632(3) Å).
The Limits of Universities’ Strategic Capacity for Steering Research
Authors: Borlaug Siri B. , Jungblut Jens 
Published: November 2024

AbstractToday’s universities are under pressure from multiple directions. The massive growth in students and staff has led to, among others, a high competition between individual academics and universities for external funding. Studies highlight that the quest for external funding has led to a narrowing down of research topics in terms of breadth and scope, and some call for universities to more actively use their strategic capacity and leadership to create environments that also provide scholars with incentives for scholarly renewal, innovation, and research beyond what is in high demand from external funders. However, the definition of strategic capacity, challenges related to it, and how universities and their leadership may use it are not always clearly defined. This chapter addresses these issues.
The effect of resummation on retarded Green’s function and greybody factor in AdS black holes
Authors: Amado Julián Barragán , Chakrabortty Shankhadeep , Maurya Arpit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We investigate the retarded Green’s function and the greybody factor in asymptotically AdS black holes. Using the connection coefficients of the Heun equation, expressed in terms of the Nekrasov-Shatashvili (NS) free energy of an SU(2) supersymmetric gauge theory with four fundamental hypermultiplets, we derive asymptotic expansions for both the retarded Green’s function and the greybody factor in the small horizon limit. Furthermore, we compute the corrections to these asymptotic expansions resulting from the resummation procedure of the instanton part of the NS function.
Wilson line-based action for gluodynamics at the loop level
Authors: Kakkad Hiren , Kotko Piotr , Stasto Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We develop quantum corrections to the Wilson line-based action which we recently derived through a transformation that eliminates triple gluon vertices from the Yang-Mills action on the light-cone. The action efficiently computes high multiplicity tree-level split-helicity amplitudes with the number of diagrams following the Delannoy number series. However, the absence of the triple gluon vertices results in missing loop contributions. To remedy this, we develop two equivalent approaches using the one-loop effective action method to systematically incorporate loop contributions to our action. In one approach there are solely Yang-Mills vertices in the loop whereas the other uses the interaction vertices of our action along with the kernels of the solution of our transformation in the loop. In addition to demonstrating the equivalence of both approaches, we validated the quantum completeness of the former by computing all 4-point one-loop amplitudes which could not be previously computed. Both of our approaches are easily extendable to develop quantum corrections to other reformulations of the Yang-Mills theory obtained via non-linear classical field transformations eliminating interaction vertices.
Plaque-Charakterisierung und individualisierte Risikoeinschätzung
Authors: Brendel J. M. , Nikolaou K. , Foldyna B. 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Klinisches/methodisches Problem
Risikoeinschätzung und genaue Plaque-Charakterisierung sind der Schlüssel für die individuelle Prognose der koronaren Herzkrankheit (KHK).

Radiologische Standardverfahren
Standardverfahren ist die kardiale Computertomographie (CT), einschließlich des nativen Kalziumscorings und der Computertomographie-Koronarangiographie (CCTA). Die Befundung erfolgt mittels CAD-RADS-Klassifikation (Coronary Artery Disease—Reporting and Data System).

Methodische Innovationen
Neue Entwicklungen umfassen die CT-basierte fraktionale Flussreserve (CT-FFR) sowie die Plaque-Quantifizierung (virtuelle Histologie).

Leistungsfähigkeit
Ein Kalziumscore von 0 bedeutet ein Ereignisrisiko < 1 % über 10 Jahre hinweg [7, 17]. Die CAD-RADS-Klassen 1 bis 5 erlauben eine Risikobewertung im Vergleich zu Patienten ohne koronare Plaques [2]. Die CT-FFR hat eine hohe Genauigkeit („area under the curve“ [AUC] 0,90; 95 % Konfidenzintervall [KI] 0,87–0,94) in der Beurteilung der hämodynamischen Stenosenrelevanz im Vergleich zur invasiven Koronarangiographie [25]. Mittels Plaque-Quantifizierung wurde festgestellt, dass ein Anteil von über 4 % an nekrotischem Kern das 5‑Jahres-Ereignis-Risiko fast verfünffacht [29].

Bewertung
Das Vorhandensein einer obstruktiven KHK (Stenose > 50 %) ist ein starker prognostischer Faktor. Die Evaluation der hämodynamischen Relevanz 40–90 %iger Stenosen mittels CT-FFR oder anderer funktioneller Tests ist in den USA bereits leitliniengerecht, jedoch noch nicht in Deutschland. Quantitative Ansätze zur Messung von Volumina und Zusammensetzung der Plaques gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung in der Forschung und werden voraussichtlich auch in der klinischen Praxis relevant werden.

Empfehlung für die Praxis
Die Beurteilung des KHK-Ausmaßes sollte durch die CAD-RADS 2.0‑Klassifikation erfolgen, die auch Therapieempfehlungen gibt.
When deviants talk: the role of Dark Triad traits and moral reasoning in whistleblowing
Authors: Oelrich Sebastian , Chwolka Anne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhistleblowing is an effective means to uncover fraud and other misconduct in organizations. However, it is puzzling why some employees come forward despite numerous disadvantages, severe retaliation, and negative social perceptions of the whistleblower within and outside the firm. Understanding whistleblowing as an act of deviance can enrich explanations for whistleblowing in such dilemmas. Drawing on psychology literature, we look at the moderating effect of the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy), as well as moral reasoning on the factors behind the whistleblowing process. We surveyed 375 economics and business majors and found that both forms of deviance influence the decision process, making internal whistleblowing more likely. Dark Triad personalities are less influenced by adverse subjective norms and their attitude toward the consequences of whistleblowing. The negative impact of perceived retaliation on whistleblowing intention is lessened by high moral reasoning. Both types of deviations from the norm may foster whistleblowing, making it ex-post challenging to distinguish different types of whistleblowers. Importantly, we argue that specific policies, such as protection, may only serve one kind of whistleblower, disregarding the important influence of subjective norms, which may foster a more desirable type of whistleblower. Our research shows that deviant personality characteristics can counteract insufficient protection or negative cultural views on whistleblowing. These findings have direct practical implications for whistleblowing systems, corporate governance policies, and policymakers. Moreover, we contribute to an emerging stream of research that moves away from a purely pro-social view and toward a more comprehensive understanding of whistleblowing by introducing a holistic concept of whistleblowing as deviance.