bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Strength Steel S690 in highway bridges
Authors: Pedro José J. Oliveira , Reis António J. , Baptista Cláudio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHochfester Stahl S690 für Autobahnbrücken – Allgemeine Hinweise für die Bemessung und Konstruktion. Die Verwendung von hochfestem Stahl (HFS) S690 für Autobahnbrücken ist noch nicht weit verbreitet. Ein Forschungsprogramm hat die optimale Verwendung von HFS für Brücken untersucht. Für eine 21,5 m breite Autobahnbrücke mit einer typischen inneren Stützweite von 80 m und einem Stahlbetonüberbau mit zwei Plattenträgern wurde ein Konstruktionsvergleich nach Eurocode erstellt. Es wurden drei Entwürfe erstellt: Ausführung (A) mit Stahlsorte S355 NL, Ausführung (B) mit HFS S690 QL/QL1 und Ausführung (C), ebenfalls mit HFS S690 und Untersuchung verschiedener Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten durch Schweißnahtbehandlung zur Reduzierung von Ermüdungserscheinungen und mögliches Übertreffen der aktuellen Eurocode‐Vorgaben. Allgemeine Richtlinien für die Bemessung und Konstruktion von Autobahnbrücken mit HFS S690 sind enthalten.
Innovative Konstruktionen im Verbundbrückenbau mit Verbunddübelleisten
Authors: Seidl Günter , Lorenc Wojciech 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDer Verbundbrückenbau hat sich in Deutschland, aber auch in Polen etabliert. Gründe sind der hohe Vorfertigungsgrad, die großen Spannweiten, die mit modularen Systemen realisiert werden können, und die einfache Durchbildung von integralen Bauweisen. Daraus ergeben sich eine hohe Qualität des Bauwerks, kurze Bauzeiten und günstige Herstellkosten. Die Verbunddübelleiste ist seit 2013 in Deutschland als Konstruktionselement zugelassen. In verschiedenen Brückenprojekten kam sie in unterschiedlichen Konstruktionen zum Einsatz. Hauptsächlich werden sie im Brückenhauptträger als Schubverbund zwischen Betonfertigteil und Stahlträger angeordnet. Interessant für die Entwicklung der Bauweise sind jedoch weitere Einsatzbereiche in VFT‐WIB‐Platten in Brückenquerrichtung und als Verankerungselemente, um große Einzellasten in Betonbauteile einzuleiten.
The steel‐glass art of railway stations in Japan
Authors: Kido Ewa Maria , Cywiński Zbigniew 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWith authors'sincere thanks to Dr.‐Ing. E.h. Karl‐Eugen Kurrer on closure of his service as Editor‐in‐Chief of STAHLBAUDie Stahl‐Glas‐Kunst der modernen Eisenbahnstationen in Japan. Die neue Stahl‐Glas‐Architektur der Eisenbahnstationen in Japan beobachtet nicht nur die typischen Regel der Ästhetik, sondern oft auch bzw. zunehmend die örtlichen Gewohnheiten, die Traditionen und die sozialen Merkmale. Darüber hinaus berücksichtigt diese Architektur die natürliche und die erbaute Umwelt. Durch freundliche Kompositionen reagiert sie auf die Bedürfnisse der heutigen japanischen Bevölkerung. So wird die Architektur zu einer gewissen Stahl‐Glas‐Kunst der Strukturen. In diesem Beitrag wird auf der Grundlage einiger praktischer Beispiele eine derart spezielle Stahl‐Glas‐Kunst vorgestellt.
1000‐kV UHV substation live working and safety recommendations
Authors: Fang Yaqi , Rehman Habibur , Xiao Bin , Wu Tian , Liu Kai , Wang Linong 
Published: June 2018

This work focuses on the measurement and analysis of the electric field for live working in a 1000‐kV substation. Also, it compares the electric field and the shielding efficiency requirement of a 1000‐kV substation with 1000‐kV transmission lines. The electric field at the ground potential of the substation was measured using a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)‐based device. However, for safety reasons and to acquire rigorous data, finite element method (FEM) was applied to calculate the electric field at equipotential. Two cases of entry into equipotential were considered: one in which the worker moves along tension insulators to live conductors, and another where the worker is lifted to an energized bus bar on an insulated elevating platform. Our results indicate that the electric field values on the worker in the 1000‐kV substation and transmission lines are about the same at ground potential, while at equipotential, the substation's maximum electric field is 25.2% higher outside the conductive clothing and 47.4% higher outside the metallic mask as compared to the 1000‐kV transmission lines. Based on these results, for live working in a 1000‐kV substation, we recommend the use of conductive clothing with 60‐dB shielding efficiency, which is similar to that used in live working on a 1000‐kV transmission line, but the metallic mask should have 25‐dB shielding efficiency, which is 5 dB higher than that used for the transmission line. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cell cycle regulation of folate‐mediated one‐carbon metabolism
Authors: Lan Xu , Field Martha S. , Stover Patrick J. 
Published: June 2018

Folate‐mediated one‐carbon metabolism (FOCM) comprises a network of interconnected folate‐dependent metabolic pathways responsible for serine and glycine interconversion, de novo purine synthesis, de novo thymidylate synthesis and homocysteine remethylation to methionine. These pathways are compartmentalized in the cytosol, nucleus and mitochondria. Individual enzymes within the FOCM network compete for folate cofactors because intracellular folate concentrations are limiting. Although there are feedback mechanisms that regulate the partitioning of folate cofactors among the folate‐dependent pathways, less recognized is the impact of cell cycle regulation on FOCM. This review summarizes the evidence for temporal regulation of expression, activity and cellular localization of enzymes and pathways in the FOCM network in mammalian cells through the cell cycle.This article is categorized under:
Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Chronic lung disease, lung regeneration and future therapeutic strategies
Authors: Cao Xuan‐Ye , Xiao Si‐Yu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChronic lung diseases have been recognized as one of the world's leading causes of death in recent decades. Lacking effective treatments brings the patients not only bad quality of life but also higher risk for lung cancer development. By increasing the understanding of deeper mechanism of how lung develops and regenerates, researchers now focus on studying lung regenerative medicine, aiming to apply different and more efficient therapies to treat chronic lung diseases. This review will provide a wide picture of both basic lung developmental, regeneration mechanism and different designed strategies for treating chronic lung diseases in the future decades.
IMPLICATIONS AND EVALUATION OF CROP INSURANCE CHOICES FOR COTTON FARMERS UNDER THE 2014 FARM BILL
Authors: LUITEL KISHOR P. , HUDSON DARREN , KNIGHT THOMAS 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Agricultural Act of 2014 introduced new crop insurance policies to manage agricultural risk, especially to cotton farmers. A representative farm panel was used to elicit the yield distribution of the farm, county, and correlation. Results suggest that the optimal underlying insurance policy is Revenue Protection at a 75% coverage level for both high- and low-productivity farms even with a Yield Exclusion provision. The Stacked Income Protection Plan benefit is mostly attributable to a higher insurance premium subsidy. For any crop, efficient agricultural risk management can be achieved through understanding the guaranteed yield and its relation to the farm and county yield.
Spatial Distribution of Parkinson’s Disease Prevalence in Québec by Hydrographic Region
Authors: Susser Stephanie Rebecca , Gagnon Fabien 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe association between environmental exposures and Parkinson’s disease continues to garner interest. In the late 1980s, Barbeau et al. reported in the Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences a heterogeneous distribution of Parkinson’s disease cases across the province of Québec by hydrographic region. Here we report the findings of a validation study based on data obtained from the Québec medication insurance program–information which was unavailable to the previous group. Similar to Barbeau et al., our analysis showed a heterogeneous distribution of cases across the province with higher prevalence in the same region of interest, in addition to other areas.
Impact of extended alliance portfolio configuration on firm innovation
Authors: Kim Ho-Sung 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the past, alliance portfolio configuration (APC) studies concentrated mostly on the direct alliances or partners of a focal firm. However, a focal firm is also influenced by indirect alliances or partners. This study endeavors to focus on this aspect of APC. It contributes to APC research by extending the scope to three degrees from a focal firm. To assess the effects of extended APCs, 186 3-year window snapshots were created of the extended APCs of 31 Korean bio-pharmaceutical firms. These snapshots range from 2007 to 2014. The effects of structure (density), size (number of alliances and partners), and relationships to firm innovation were measured using the two-step generalized method of moments estimates. The results show that structural sparseness and larger-sized extended APCs are more favorable conditions for innovation, and that structural sparseness and size have a positive relationship to innovation performance.
Diagnosing the Kaiser: Psychiatry, Wilhelm II and the Question of German War GuiltThe William Bynum Prize Essay 2016
Authors: Freis David 
Published: June 2018

After his abdication in November 1918, the German emperor Wilhelm II continued to haunt the minds of his people. With the abolition of the lese-majesty laws in the new republic, many topics that were only discussed privately or obliquely before could now be broached openly. One of these topics was the mental state of the exiled Kaiser. Numerous psychiatrists, physicians and laypeople published their diagnoses of Wilhelm in high-circulation newspaper articles, pamphlets, and books shortly after the end of the war. Whether these diagnoses were accurate and whether the Kaiser really was mentally ill became the issue of a heated debate.This article situates these diagnoses of Wilhelm II in their political context. The authors of these diagnoses – none of whom had met or examined Wilhelm II in person – came from all political camps and they wrote with very different motives in mind. Diagnosing the exiled Kaiser as mentally ill was a kind of exorcism of the Hohenzollern rule, opening the way for either a socialist republic or the hoped-for rule of a new leader. But more importantly, it was a way to discuss and allocate political responsibility and culpability. Psychiatric diagnoses were used to exonerate both the Emperor (for whom the treaty of Versailles provided a tribunal as war criminal) and the German nation. They were also used to blame the Kaiser’s entourage and groups that had allegedly manipulated the weak-willed monarch. Medical concepts became a vehicle for a debate on the key political questions in interwar Germany.
Fumigating the Hygienic Model City: Bubonic Plague and the Sulfurozador in Early-Twentieth-Century Buenos Aires
Authors: Engelmann Lukas 
Published: June 2018

The 1899/1900 arrival of bubonic plague in Argentina had thrown the model status of Buenos Aires as a hygienic city into crisis. Where the idea of foreign threats and imported epidemics had dominated the thinking of Argentina’s sanitarians at that time, plague renewed concerns about hidden threats within the fabric of the capital’s dense environment; concerns that led to new sanitary measures and unprecedented rat-campaigns supported by the large-scale application of sulphur dioxide. The article tells the story of early twentieth-century urban sanitation in Buenos Aires through the lens of a new industrial disinfection apparatus. The Aparato Marot, also known as Sulfurozador was acquired and integrated in the capital’s sanitary administration by the epidemiologist José Penna in 1906 to materialise two key lessons learned from plague. First, the machine was supposed to translate the successful disinfection practices of global maritime sanitation into urban epidemic control in Argentina. Second, the machine’s design enabled public health authorities to reinvigorate a traditional hygienic concern for the entirety of the city’s terrain. While the Sulfurozador offered effective destruction of rats, it promised also a comprehensive – and utopian – disinfection of the whole city, freeing it from all imaginable pathogens, insects as well as rodents. In 1910, the successful introduction of the Sulfurozador encouraged Argentina’s medico-political elite to introduce a new principle of ‘general prophylaxis’. This article places the apparatus as a technological modernisation of traditional sanitary practices in the bacteriological age, which preserved the urban environment – ‘el terreno’ – as a principal site of intervention. Thus, the Sulfurozador allowed the ‘higienistas’ to sustain a long-standing utopian vision of all-encompassing social, bodily and political hygiene into the twentieth century.
Evaluation of the regional vegetation and climate in the Eastern Alps (Austria) during MIS 3–4 based on pollen analysis of the classical Baumkirchen paleolake sequence
Authors: Barrett Samuel Jonathan , Drescher-Schneider Ruth , Starnberger Reinhard , Spötl Christoph 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe pre-last glacial maximum paleolake sediments at Baumkirchen, western Austria, are well known in Alpine Quaternary stratigraphy as being the type locality of the Middle to Upper Würmian transition. Their location provides a rare opportunity to investigate the vegetation history of the interior of the Alps during the last glacial cycle. A recent renewed research effort involving new drilling revealed a 250-m-thick lacustrine sequence with an older, ca. Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 phase and a younger, mid- to late MIS 3 phase. Pollen analysis reveals generally poor preservation and very low pollen concentration due to very high sedimentation rates. On the basis of pollen percentages and influx rates, six pollen zones (PZ) were assigned. PZ1 and 2 correspond to the entire ca. MIS 4 section and are characterized by only scattered vegetation representing an extremely cold and dry climate. Two stadials and two interstadials were identified in the MIS 3 section. The interstadials are characterized by well-developed open vegetation with some stands of trees, with the upper PZ6 being better developed but still forest-free. On the basis of previous radiocarbon dating, this zone (PZ6) is correlated to Greenland Interstadial (GI) 7 and the lower interstadial (PZ4) tentatively to GI 8.
Present-Day Assemblage of Birds and Mammals in the Islands of Four Mountains, Eastern Aleutians, Alaska
Authors: Rojek Nora A. , Williams Jeffrey C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe compiled present-day observations and survey data of the avian and mammal fauna in the Islands of Four Mountains, Alaska, which primarily consist of marine-adapted species, to provide insight into the prehistoric fauna found in the archaeological record. We documented 63 bird species, mainly seabirds (67%). The majority (71%) of the estimated number of breeding birds are ledge nesters, predominately murres, and most (68%) spend the majority of their lives in the offshore environment. We lack good estimates for burrow and crevice nesters, which were impacted by and are still recovering from a period of arctic fox farming in the twentieth century. Marine mammals, predominately Steller sea lion, harbor seal, and sea otter, primarily use accessible land as haul-outs and are found in low numbers compared with the rest of the Aleutians. Red fox, the only land mammal, presently only reside on Chuginadak Island. While the present-day fauna is similar to the fauna recorded in the archaeological record, we found no indication of nesting by ancient murrelets and northern fulmars in the Island of Four Mountains, whereas both species were present in midden sites on Carlisle and Chuginadak Islands, with the possibility of prehistoric breeding colonies on Carlisle Island.
Punitive Entanglements: Connected Histories of Penal Transportation, Deportation, and Incarceration in the Spanish Empire (1830s-1898)
Authors: De Vito Christian G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article features a connected history of punitive relocations in the Spanish Empire, from the independence of Spanish America to the “loss” of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines in 1898. Three levels of entanglement are highlighted here: the article looks simultaneously at punitive flows stemming from the colonies and from the metropole; it brings together the study of penal transportation, administrative deportation, and military deportation; and it discusses the relationship between punitive relocations and imprisonment. As part of this special issue, foregrounding “perspectives from the colonies”, I start with an analysis of the punitive flows that stemmed from the overseas provinces. I then address punishment in the metropole through the colonial lens, before highlighting the entanglements of penal transportation and deportation in the nineteenth-century Spanish Empire as a whole.
Fearing the Flood: Transportation as Counterinsurgency in the US–Occupied Philippines
Authors: Weber Benjamin D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExamining intra-colonial punitive relocations during the first decade of US occupation in the Philippines, this article shows how colonial police and prison officials used incarceration and transportation in tandem to suppress incipient populist revolutionary movements. They exploited historic regional and religious tensions in their effort to produce new modes of racialized and gendered prison and labor management. Finally, while colonial officials sought to brand certain imprisoned subjects as criminal outlaws, rather than political prisoners, many of these anticolonial fighters actually sharpened their ideas about freedom through their experience of being criminalized, incarcerated, and forcibly relocated.
SELF-RATED HEALTH AND TEENAGE PREGNANCIES IN ROMA WOMEN: INCREASING HEIGHT IS ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER HEALTH OUTCOMES
Authors: Čvorović Jelena 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis paper reports on the association between early marriage, age at first reproduction and height, as an indicator of childhood environment, and maternal health outcomes among traditional Roma women in Serbia. Demographic data, marital and reproductive histories, height, weight and self-rated health were collected from 414 Roma women living in rural settlements in Serbia in 2015–2017. Data analysis showed that higher age and weight were associated with a greater risk of poor health, greater height contributed to reduced risk of poor health while reproductive variables were insignificant. The study provides evidence that the long-term effects of early childbearing may not always be associated with poorer health status. As indicated by the differences in height, it is likely that women who were capable of reproducing very early on and staying healthy in later life were probably very healthy to begin with. The results probably reflect both the biological and social differences of early childhood. Aside from height, the traditional Roma marriage pattern and social benefits may have an additional protective effect on the health of women.
Clinical commissioning group criteria for rhinoplasty and septorhinoplasty in England: survey of current guidance
Authors: Ross E E , Anari S 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveProcedures of limited clinical value require pre-authorisation in the National Health Service, of which rhinoplasty and septorhinoplasty are two such operations. This study surveyed clinical commissioning groups within England to document the variable eligibility criteria for rhinoplasty and septorhinoplasty.MethodsIn February 2016, a letter was sent to 209 clinical commissioning groups requesting their rhinoplasty and septorhinoplasty commissioning criteria.ResultsA total of 200 clinical commissioning groups responded. Although 89.5 per cent allow septorhinoplasty in the presence of nasal obstruction, further criteria, such as documented health problems resulting from nasal blockage, severe functional impairment or a specific percentage of blockage, must be shown for septorhinoplasty to be authorised by most of the clinical commissioning groups.ConclusionThere is great variation within individual clinical commissioning groups in England regarding the criteria for septorhinoplasty and rhinoplasty. Some criteria seem not to be clinically relevant and difficult to demonstrate. It is recommended that the guidelines are reviewed and harmonised nationally in future revisions.
Improvement of hearing results by bone cement fixation in endoscopic stapedotomy
Authors: Ardiç F N , Aykal K , Tümkaya F , Kara C O , Barlay F 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the hearing results of two different stapedotomy techniques used in the clinic at different time points.MethodsAn endoscopic surgery group (group 1; n = 37) were compared retrospectively with a microscopic surgery group (group 2; n = 57). A small fenestra and Teflon piston technique were used in all patients. Bone cement was used for fixation between the prosthesis and incus in the endoscopic group only. Bone conduction threshold and air–bone gap were used as the comparison parameters.ResultsThe pre-operative air–bone gap was 31.26 dB in group 1 and 32.51 dB in group 2. The post-operative air–bone gap was 8.93 dB in group 1 and 14.28 dB in group 2. There was a significant difference between the groups in post-operative air–bone gaps. There was no significant difference between the groups in post-operative bone conduction thresholds.ConclusionThe endoscopic technique using bone cement fixation was better for closing the air–bone gap.
External auditory canal cholesteatoma and benign necrotising otitis externa: clinical study of 95 cases in the Capital Region of Denmark
Authors: Hertz J , Siim C 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify epidemiological and pathophysiological factors, and treatment strategies, in external auditory canal cholesteatoma and benign necrotising otitis externa.MethodsA retrospective case study was conducted of patients suffering from external auditory canal cholesteatoma and benign necrotising otitis externa admitted to tertiary hospitals, in the Capital Region of Denmark, over a five-year period.ResultsEighty-three patients (95 ears) with external auditory canal cholesteatoma or benign necrotising otitis externa were identified. A minimum incidence rate of 0.97 per 100 000 inhabitants per year was demonstrated. Sixty-eight per cent of cases had a history of smoking. Most lesions (74 per cent) were localised in the floor of the ear canal. Treatment time was 3.2 months for patients who had surgery and 6.0 months for those who received conservative treatment.ConclusionIt is suggested that external auditory canal cholesteatoma and benign necrotising otitis externa are in fact the same disease, and therefore the diagnosis of external auditory canal cholesteatoma should be changed to benign necrotising otitis externa. Microangiopathy has a leading role in the aetiology. Surgery should be conducted in most cases.