bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptualising the ‘Perfect’ Family in Late Nineteenth-Century Philanthropic Institutions
Authors: Taylor Steven J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSteve Taylor turns to the Waifs and Strays Society to rethink the nature, shape, and meaning of the working-class Victorian family. In a period when significant numbers of children were fostered for a variety of reasons by relatives, friends and other individuals it is hardly surprising that there was considerable discussion around the fragility of family units, ‘nomadic’ husbands, alcoholic parents, wandering wives, and working parents. At the core of these observations was an underlying concern that children were being failed by family and kin alike. Taylor examines how concerns about the young and their status in working families were represented in philanthropic institutions by middle-aged white men. His chapter picks up one of the main themes of this volume which is the idea that the shape and meaning of family were essentially imagined.
Defining the Three Delays in Referral of Surgical Emergencies from District Hospitals to University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Mpirimbanyi Christophe , Abahuje Egide , Hirwa Aime Dieudone , Gasakure Miguel , Rwagahirima Elisee , Niyonzima Christian , Hakizimana Adolphe Niyoyita , Ishimwe Epiphanie , Ntirenganya Faustin , Rickard Jennifer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurgical conditions represent up to 30% of the global burden of diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the delays in patients transferred to a tertiary referral hospital from district hospitals (DHs) in Rwanda with emergency general surgery (EGS) conditions.MethodsWe performed a prospective review of all EGS patients referred from DH over a 3‐month period to assess delays in transfer and accessing care. We then surveyed general practitioners to define their perspective on delays in surgical care.ResultsOver a 3‐month period, there were 86 patients transferred from DH with EGS conditions. The most common diagnoses were bowel obstruction (n = 22, 26%) and trauma (n = 19, 22%). The most common performed operations were laparotomy (n = 21, 24%) and bowel resection (n = 20, 23%). The mortality rate was 12%, and the intensive care unit admission rate was 4%. In transfer to the referral hospital, 5% patients were delayed for financial reasons and 2% due to lack of insurance. After reaching CHUK, 5% patients were delayed due to laboratory and radiology issues. Other delays included no operating theater available (4%) and no surgeon available (1%). Providers’ perceptions for not performing surgeries at DH were predominantly the lack of a competent surgical provider or anesthesia staff.ConclusionEGS patients represent a broad range of diagnoses. Delays were noted at each step in the referral process with multiple areas for potential improvement. Expanding surgical access at the DH has the potential to decrease delays and thereby improves patient outcomes.
Parental behavioural control in adolescence: How does it affect self‐esteem and self‐criticism?
Authors: Gittins Catherine B. , Hunt Caroline 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionParental behavioural control is believed to be beneficial for young children. However, with increased need for independence during adolescence, parental rules may undermine self‐beliefs.MethodsThe current study examined the effect of behavioural control, plus parental support and psychological control, on the self‐esteem and self‐criticism of 243 Australian adolescents (mean age = 12.08, 52% female) over two years.ResultsBehavioural control largely did not predict self‐esteem. Furthermore, in girls it predicted higher self‐criticism 12 and 24 months later. Behavioural control does not appear to benefit adolescents' self‐cognitions and, in fact, increases self‐criticism in girls.ConclusionsBy providing copious rules around appropriate behaviours, parents may possibly indicate to girls that they are not capable of becoming independent, thus reducing feelings of competence.
Sexual Dysfunction in Women Treated for Type 1 Diabetes and the Impact of Coexisting Thyroid Disease
Authors: Stechova Katerina , Mastikova Lenka , Urbaniec Krzysztof , Vanis Miroslav , Hylmarova Simona , Kvapil Milan , Pastor Zlatko 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
More sexual problems are reported among people treated for diabetes; however, this situation is less explored in women than in men.

Aim
To analyze the presence and causal links of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) among Czech women treated for type 1 diabetes.

Methods
40 women completed a national version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale-revised (FSDS-R), and Beck’s Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II). A metabolic and endocrine analysis was done using blood samples. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS v.24 and the R environment.

Main Outcome Measures
Patient details (personal information, diabetes-related data, and sex history), sexual performance (the FSFI and FSDS-R scores), and level of depression (the BDI-II score) were measured.

Results
FSD was present in 58% of the participants (based on the FSFI score), and 38% women declared significant sexual distress (according to their FSDS-R score). Even though only 4 women fulfilled the criteria for depression, we observed a strong association between BDI-II and FSFI (for total FSFI score P = .012, ρ = −0.394) resp. FSDS-R scores (P &lt; .001, ρ = 0.552). Although we were not able to establish a clear direct connection between FSD and metabolic control, BDI-II scores were closely correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (P = .009, ρ = 0.407). The duration of diabetes (based on FSDS-R: P = .046) but neither age nor the presence of chronic diabetic microvascular complications was associated with a higher FSD occurrence. We also observed an association between FSD and the presence of autoimmune hypothyroidism, even when successfully treated (FSDS-R: P = .009; FSFI: P = .067).

Conclusion
FSD is more common in women with type 1 diabetes than in healthy women, and coexisting thyroid autoimmune disease seems to exacerbate FSD. Women suffering from type 1 diabetes, and particularly those with additional endocrinopathies, should be actively screened for FSD.
Provoked Vestibulodynia in Women with Pelvic Pain
Authors: Bao Carol , Noga Heather , Allaire Catherine , Williams Christina , Bedaiwy Mohamed A. , Sadownik Leslie A. , Brotto Lori A. , Smith Kelly B. , Yong Paul J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Pelvic pain and vulvar pain are common conditions in women. In this study, we sought to characterize the clinical picture of patients with concurrent pelvic pain and provoked vestibulodynia (PVD).

Aim
To analyze the association between sexual/clinical characteristics and a diagnosis of PVD among women with pelvic pain.

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective registry at a tertiary referral center for pelvic pain and endometriosis, involving consecutive non-menopausal sexually active patients 18–49 years-old seen by a single gynecologist from January 2016–December 2017. The sample was divided into 2 groups: pelvic pain with PVD; and pelvic pain alone (without PVD).

Main Outcome Measures
Superficial dyspareunia and deep dyspareunia on a 11-point numeric rating scale, and the sexual quality-of-life subscale of the Endometriosis Health Profile-30 (0–100%).

Results
There were 129 patients that met study criteria: one third with pelvic pain and PVD (n = 42) and two-thirds with pelvic pain alone (without PVD) (n = 87). Women with pelvic pain and PVD had significantly more severe superficial dyspareunia ≥7/10 (OR = 12.00 (4.48–32.16), P &lt; .001), more severe deep dyspareunia ≥7/10 (OR = 4.08 (1.83–9.10), P = .001), and poorer sexual quality of life (Endometriosis Health Profile-30 ≥50%) (OR = 4.39 (1.67-11.57), P = .002), compared with the group with pelvic pain alone. Women with pelvic pain and PVD also had more anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing, more frequent tenderness of the bladder and pelvic floor, and more common diagnosis of painful bladder syndrome. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, abdominal wall allodynia, positive Carnett test for abdominal wall pain, functional quality of life, endometriosis, and irritable bowel syndrome.

Conclusions
In the pelvic pain population, PVD may be associated with more negative impact on dyspareunia, sexual quality of life, and bladder/pelvic floor function, but it may not significantly impact abdominopelvic pain or day-to-day function in general.
The BMI–adiposity conundrum in South Asian populations: need for further research
Authors: Kapoor Nitin , Furler John , Paul Thomas V. , Thomas Nihal , Oldenburg Brian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHigh body fat in apparently lean individuals is a commonly described phenotype in individuals of Asian descent, but very limited consolidated scientific literature is available on this topic. This phenotype is known as ‘normal-weight obesity’ and may explain the large disparity between the prevalence of obesity (as measured by BMI) and diabetes that occurs in these individuals. Routine use of obesity indicators that best predict body fat content would help to identify these individuals in clinical practice. In this debate, we would like to highlight that even though fat and BMI have a good correlation, as suggested by Kryst et al. (2019), clinicians, public health researchers and policymakers should consider the use of these indicators in conjunction with each other rather than individually. Future research is needed on pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic modalities and therapeutic options in these individuals which will help to further characterize and manage these patients appropriately.
A NOTCH feed-forward loop drives reprogramming from adrenergic to mesenchymal state in neuroblastoma
Authors: van Groningen Tim , Akogul Nurdan , Westerhout Ellen M. , Chan Alvin , Hasselt Nancy E. , Zwijnenburg Danny A. , Broekmans Marloes , Stroeken Peter , Haneveld Franciska , Hooijer Gerrit K. J. , Savci-Heijink C. Dilara , Lakeman Arjan , Volckmann Richard , van Sluis Peter , Valentijn Linda J. , Koster Jan , Versteeg Rogier , van Nes Johan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTransition between differentiation states in development occurs swift but the mechanisms leading to epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming are poorly understood. The pediatric cancer neuroblastoma includes adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES) tumor cell types, which differ in phenotype, super-enhancers (SEs) and core regulatory circuitries. These cell types can spontaneously interconvert, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we unravel how a NOTCH3 intracellular domain reprogrammed the ADRN transcriptional landscape towards a MES state. A transcriptional feed-forward circuitry of NOTCH-family transcription factors amplifies the NOTCH signaling levels, explaining the swift transition between two semi-stable cellular states. This transition induces genome-wide remodeling of the H3K27ac landscape and a switch from ADRN SEs to MES SEs. Once established, the NOTCH feed-forward loop maintains the induced MES state. In vivo reprogramming of ADRN cells shows that MES and ADRN cells are equally oncogenic. Our results elucidate a swift transdifferentiation between two semi-stable epigenetic cellular states.
Different soluble aggregates of Aβ42 can give rise to cellular toxicity through different mechanisms
Authors: De Suman , Wirthensohn David C. , Flagmeier Patrick , Hughes Craig , Aprile Francesco A. , Ruggeri Francesco S. , Whiten Daniel R. , Emin Derya , Xia Zengjie , Varela Juan A. , Sormanni Pietro , Kundel Franziska , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Dobson Christopher M. , Bryant Clare , Vendruscolo Michele , Klenerman David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProtein aggregation is a complex process resulting in the formation of heterogeneous mixtures of aggregate populations that are closely linked to neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we find that soluble aggregates formed at different stages of the aggregation process of amyloid beta (Aβ42) induce the disruption of lipid bilayers and an inflammatory response to different extents. Further, by using gradient ultracentrifugation assay, we show that the smaller aggregates are those most potent at inducing membrane permeability and most effectively inhibited by antibodies binding to the C-terminal region of Aβ42. By contrast, we find that the larger soluble aggregates are those most effective at causing an inflammatory response in microglia cells and more effectively inhibited by antibodies targeting the N-terminal region of Aβ42. These findings suggest that different toxic mechanisms driven by different soluble aggregated species of Aβ42 may contribute to the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
Anion-adaptive crystalline cationic material for 99TcO4− trapping
Authors: Mei Lei , Li Fei-ze , Lan Jian-hui , Wang Cong-zhi , Xu Chao , Deng Hao , Wu Qun-yan , Hu Kong-qiu , Wang Lin , Chai Zhi-fang , Chen Jing , Gibson John K. , Shi Wei-qun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEfficient anion recognition is of great significance for radioactive 99TcO4− decontamination, but it remains a challenge for traditional sorbents. Herein, we put forward a tactic using soft crystalline cationic material with anion-adaptive dynamics for 99TcO4− sequestration. A cucurbit[8]uril-based supramolecular metal-organic material is produced through a multi-component assembly strategy and used as a sorbent for effective trapping of TcO4−. Excellent separation of TcO4−/ReO4− is demonstrated by fast removal kinetics, good sorption capacity and high distribution coefficient. Remarkably, the most superior selectivity among metal-organic materials reported so far, together with good hydrolytic stability, indicates potential for efficient TcO4− removal. The structure incorporating ReO4− reveals that the supramolecular framework undergoes adaptive reconstruction facilitating the effective accommodation of TcO4−/ReO4−. The results highlight opportunities for development of soft anion-adaptive sorbents for highly selective anion decontamination.
A bacterial checkpoint protein for ribosome assembly moonlights as an essential metabolite-proofreading enzyme
Authors: Sachla Ankita J. , Helmann John D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn eukaryotes, adventitious oxidation of erythrose-4-phosphate, an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), generates 4-phosphoerythronate (4PE), which inhibits 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. 4PE is detoxified by metabolite-proofreading phosphatases such as yeast Pho13. Here, we report that a similar function is carried out in Bacillus subtilis by CpgA, a checkpoint protein known to be important for ribosome assembly, cell morphology and resistance to cell wall-targeting antibiotics. We find that ΔcpgA cells are intoxicated by glucose or other carbon sources that feed into the PPP, and that CpgA has high phosphatase activity with 4PE. Inhibition of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (GndA) leads to intoxication by 6-phosphogluconate, a potent inhibitor of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). The coordinated shutdown of PPP and glycolysis leads to metabolic gridlock. Overexpression of GndA, PGI, or yeast Pho13 suppresses glucose intoxication of ΔcpgA cells, but not cold sensitivity, a phenotype associated with ribosome assembly defects. Our results suggest that CpgA is a multifunctional protein, with genetically separable roles in ribosome assembly and metabolite proofreading.
Precise segmentation of densely interweaving neuron clusters using G-Cut
Authors: Li Rui , Zhu Muye , Li Junning , Bienkowski Michael S. , Foster Nicholas N. , Xu Hanpeng , Ard Tyler , Bowman Ian , Zhou Changle , Veldman Matthew B. , Yang X. William , Hintiryan Houri , Zhang Junsong , Dong Hong-Wei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCharacterizing the precise three-dimensional morphology and anatomical context of neurons is crucial for neuronal cell type classification and circuitry mapping. Recent advances in tissue clearing techniques and microscopy make it possible to obtain image stacks of intact, interweaving neuron clusters in brain tissues. As most current 3D neuronal morphology reconstruction methods are only applicable to single neurons, it remains challenging to reconstruct these clusters digitally. To advance the state of the art beyond these challenges, we propose a fast and robust method named G-Cut that is able to automatically segment individual neurons from an interweaving neuron cluster. Across various densely interconnected neuron clusters, G-Cut achieves significantly higher accuracies than other state-of-the-art algorithms. G-Cut is intended as a robust component in a high throughput informatics pipeline for large-scale brain mapping projects.
Miniaturised interaction proteomics on a microfluidic platform with ultra-low input requirements
Authors: Furlan Cristina , Dirks René A. M. , Thomas Peter C. , Jones Robert C. , Wang Jing , Lynch Mark , Marks Hendrik , Vermeulen Michiel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEssentially all cellular processes are orchestrated by protein-protein interactions (PPIs). In recent years, affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (AP-MS) has been the preferred method to identify cellular PPIs. Here we present a microfluidic-based AP-MS workflow, called on-chip AP-MS, to identify PPIs using minute amounts of input material. By using this automated platform we purify the human Cohesin, CCC and Mediator complexes from as little as 4 micrograms of input lysate, representing a 50─100-fold downscaling compared to regular microcentrifuge tube-based protocols. We show that our platform can be used to affinity purify tagged baits as well as native cellular proteins and their interaction partners. As such, our method holds great promise for future biological and clinical AP-MS applications in which sample amounts are limited.
Mutual coupling and synchronization of optically coupled quantum-dot micropillar lasers at ultra-low light levels
Authors: Kreinberg Sören , Porte Xavier , Schicke David , Lingnau Benjamin , Schneider Christian , Höfling Sven , Kanter Ido , Lüdge Kathy , Reitzenstein Stephan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSynchronization of coupled oscillators at the transition between classical physics and quantum physics has become an emerging research topic at the crossroads of nonlinear dynamics and nanophotonics. We study this unexplored field by using quantum dot microlasers as optical oscillators. Operating in the regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) with an intracavity photon number on the order of 10 and output powers in the 100 nW range, these devices have high β-factors associated with enhanced spontaneous emission noise. We identify synchronization of mutually coupled microlasers via frequency locking associated with a sub-gigahertz locking range. A theoretical analysis of the coupling behavior reveals striking differences from optical synchronization in the classical domain with negligible spontaneous emission noise. Beyond that, additional self-feedback leads to zero-lag synchronization of coupled microlasers at ultra-low light levels. Our work has high potential to pave the way for future experiments in the quantum regime of synchronization.
The maternal to zygotic transition regulates genome-wide heterochromatin establishment in the zebrafish embryo
Authors: Laue Kathrin , Rajshekar Srivarsha , Courtney Abigail J. , Lewis Zachary A. , Goll Mary G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe segregation of eukaryotic genomes into euchromatin and heterochromatin represents a fundamental and poorly understood process. Here, we demonstrate that genome-wide establishment of heterochromatin is triggered by the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) during zebrafish embryogenesis. We find that prior to MZT, zebrafish lack hallmarks of heterochromatin including histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and condensed chromatin ultrastructure. Global establishment of heterochromatic features occurs following MZT and requires both activation of the zygotic genome and degradation of maternally deposited RNA. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that zygotic transcription of the micro RNA miR-430 promotes degradation of maternal RNA encoding the chromatin remodeling protein Smarca2, and that clearance of Smarca2 is required for global heterochromatin establishment in the early embryo. Our results identify MZT as a key developmental regulator of heterochromatin establishment during vertebrate embryogenesis and uncover functions for Smarca2 in protecting the embryonic genome against heterochromatinization.
Global synergies and trade-offs between multiple dimensions of biodiversity and ecosystem services
Authors: Girardello Marco , Santangeli Andrea , Mori Emiliano , Chapman Anna , Fattorini Simone , Naidoo Robin , Bertolino Sandro , Svenning Jens-Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEnsuring the persistence of biodiversity and ecosystem services represents a global challenge that need to be addressed with high urgency. Global priority areas can only be identified by means of an integrated prioritization approach that would not only preserve species numbers and ecosystem services, but also the evolutionary and functional components of diversity. In this study we combine global datasets on the distribution of mammals and birds with species traits and phylogenetic data and we identify conservation priorities for taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity, as well as for three ecosystem services, including potential for carbon sequestration, pollination potential and groundwater recharge. We show that, when priority areas are identified based only on individual, e.g. functional diversity, or any combination of the three biodiversity components, these areas do not allow a sufficient protection of the three ecosystem services. However, an integrated approach whereby prioritization is based on all biodiversity components and ecosystem services would allow to identify areas that maximize protection of all ecosystem services with a minimal loss in biodiversity coverage. Our results highlight the need for an integrated conservation planning framework in order to optimally allocate resources and achieve the long-term preservation of the multiple dimensions of biodiversity and ecosystems services.
Three-dimensional imaging and quantitative analysis in CLARITY processed breast cancer tissues
Authors: Chen Yi , Shen Qi , White Sharla L. , Gokmen-Polar Yesim , Badve Sunil , Goodman Laurie J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment can be spatially heterogenous, which makes it challenging to fully characterize with standard 2D histology-based methods. In this study, we determined the feasibility of a CLARITY tissue-processing approach to analyze biopsies from breast cancer patients. Formalin-fixed human breast cancer core-needle biopsy specimens, were embedded, lipid-cleared, and multiplexed immunostained to identify key biomarkers (pan-cytokeratin, Ki67, CD3). Confocal microscopy was then used to image the specimens after refractive index matching. These data sets were then quantitatively compared to conventional slide-based FFPE histology. Using CLARITY, the gross and cellular morphology of the tissues were well preserved, and high optical transparency was achieved, with the exception of fibrotic regions. Specific staining of various cellular and nuclear markers was achieved using optimized antibody conditions. Manually determined composite Ki67 scores from the CLARITY datasets agreed with histology results. However, the CLARITY datasets (3D) revealed variation in the intra-tumoral Ki67 expression that was not evident in individual FFPE sections (2D). We further demonstrated that archived FFPE clinical specimens can be CLARITY-processed, immunostained, and imaged. In short, CLARITY-processed specimens may enable a more accurate, unbiased analysis of tumor samples in comparison to conventional slide-based histology, thus allowing for improved visualization of intra-tumoral heterogeneity.