bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a Tertiary Care Center in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Saeed Nermin Kamal , Alkhawaja Safaa , Azam Nashawa Fawzy Abd El Moez , Alaradi Khalil , Al-Biltagi Mohammed 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to estimate the rate of infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in the main governmental tertiary care hospital in Bahrain.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: All clinical samples with positive growth of CRE over 6-year period (January 2012–December 2017) were collected from the microbiology laboratory data.
RESULTS: The CRE incidence was high in the first half of study period (2012–2014) and then decreased between 2015 and 2017, after implementation of intensified CRE control measure bundle. About 49.4% of CRE-positive samples were isolated from the elderly age group (above 65 years old), most of them were admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU). The most common isolated organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (87.0%), followed by Escherichia coli (7.9%). Isolates from deep tracheal aspirate and midstream urine specimens were the most common source of CRE isolates (27.3%) and (26.3%), respectively. Bacteremia was documented in 21.2% of cases. CRE isolates in the study showed high rates of resistance to aminoglycosides (72.2% resistant to amikacin and 67.3% to gentamicin). Alternatively, most isolates retained their susceptibility to colistin and tigecycline with sensitivity of 83.9% and 85.7%, respectively. Combined resistance to both colistin and tigecycline was observed in 0.06% of total isolates.
CONCLUSION: Elderly population and ICU admission were important risk factors for CRE acquisition. Most of CRE isolates were sensitive to both colistin and tigecycline, which make them the best combination for empiric frontline therapy for suspected serious CRE infection in our facility. Implementing CRE-bundled infection control measures significantly reduced the incidence of CRE infection in our hospital.
Antibiotic resistance profile and co-production of extended spectrum beta lactamases and AmpC in Acinetobacter spp. in a level 1 trauma center from India
Authors: Batra Priyam , Khurana Surbhi , Govindaswamy Aishwarya , Aravinda Anjana , Bajpai Vijeta , Ayyanar Muruganantham , Mathur Purva , Malhotra Rajesh 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Acinetobacter baumannii has now emerged as a significant nosocomial pathogen in health-care setting ESP in intensive care units. Rapidly growing resistance among clinical isolates suggests a need to detect resistance mechanisms in this organism. The present study was designed to compare the various phenotypic tests available with the gold standard of genotype.
METHODOLOGY: The present study was conducted to include all isolates of Acinetobacter spp. isolated over 3 years. Their resistance to various antibiotics was determined and extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC production in the isolates showing resistance to ceftazidime/ceftriaxone/cefotaxime (CAZ/CTR/CTX) was determined. ESBL and AmpC production was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESULTS: A total of 154 strains were isolated, and all the strains were tested for ESBL and AmpC detection. Of the strains tested, 15 (9.7%), 17 (11%), 24 (15.6%), 27 (17.5%), 54 (35%), 67 (43.5%), and 72 (46.7%) strains showed ESBL production using CTX/CTX-clavulanate double-disc synergy test (DDST), CTX/CTX-clavulanate E-test, CAZ/CAZ-clavulanate DDST, CAZ/CAZ-clavulanate E-test, Piperacillin/Piperacillin-tazobactam (TZ) DDST, CTR/CTR-Sulbactum DDST, and Piperacillin/Piperacillin-TZ E-test, respectively. 20 (12.9%) and 19 (12.3%) of strains were positive for AmpC production using AmpC disc test and Boronic acid inhibition test, respectively. Genotype analysis using PCR for TEM, SHV, CTXM, PER, and VEB genes was done and 69 (51.5%) strains were positive for TEM gene.
DISCUSSION: ESBL detection in Acinetobacter spp. is difficult as standard guidelines for the same are not available unlike in enterobacteriaceae, and there are no zone diameter breakpoints for aztreonam and cefpodoxime. In comparison, piperacillin/piperacillin-TZ E-test had the best sensitivity and specificity for ESBL detection.
CONCLUSION: Standard guidelines for ESBL detection in nil fermeners like Acinetobacter spp. must be laid down for ease of detection. Use of piperacillin/piperacillin-tazobactam E-test could be used as one of the standard methods.
Exflagellation of Plasmodium vivax in peripheral blood: An uncommon finding and its significance
Authors: Sable Mukund N. , Chhabra Gaurav , Mishra Shruti 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMalaria continues to be a major public health problem. The life cycle of malaria is completed in two hosts Anopheles mosquito – definitive host and humans – the intermediate host. Exflagellation of microgametocyes in the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax occurs in mosquitoes and is rarely seen in human peripheral blood. Less than 15 occurrences of exflagellated microgametocyte of Plasmodium species have been reported to date. The appearance of exflagellated microgametes in human blood may pose a diagnostic dilemma due to its resemblance with other hemoparasites such as Borrelia and Trypanosoma.
Evaluating the “2+26” regional strategy for air quality improvement during two air pollution alerts in Beijing: variations in PM2.5 concentrations, source apportionment, and the relative contribution of local emission and regional transport
Authors: Chen Ziyue , Chen Danlu , Wen Wei , Zhuang Yan , Kwan Mei-Po , Chen Bin , Zhao Bo , Yang Lin , Gao Bingbo , Li Ruiyuan , Xu Bing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. To comprehensively evaluate the effects of the recent “2+26” regional
strategy for air quality improvement, we compared the variations in
PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing during four pollution episodes with
different emission-reduction strategies. The 2+26 strategy implemented
in March 2018 led to a mean PM2.5 concentration 16.43 % lower than
that during the pollution episode in March 2013, when no specific
emission-reduction measures were in place. The same 2+26 strategy
implemented in November 2017 led to a mean PM2.5 concentration 32.70 % lower than that during the pollution episode in November 2016,
when local emission-reduction measures were implemented. The results
suggested that the effects of the 2+26 regional emission-reduction
measures on PM2.5 reductions were influenced by a diversity of factors
and could differ significantly during specific pollution episodes.
Furthermore, we found the proportions of sulfate ions decreased
significantly, and nitrate ions were the dominant PM2.5 components
during the two 2+26 orange alert periods. Meanwhile, the relative
contribution of coal combustion to PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing
during the pollution episodes in March 2013, November 2016, November 2017
and March 2018 was 40 %, 34 %, 28 % and 11 %, respectively,
indicating that the recent “Coal to Gas” project and the contingent
2+26 strategy led to a dramatic decrease in coal combustion in the
Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. On the other hand, the relative contribution
of vehicle exhaust during the 2+26 orange alert periods in
November 2017 and March 2018 reached 40 % and 54 %, respectively. The relative
contribution of local emissions to PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing also
varied significantly and ranged from 49.46 % to 89.35 % during the four
pollution episodes. These results suggested that the 2+26 regional
emission-reduction strategy should be implemented with red air pollution
alerts during heavy pollution episodes to intentionally reduce the dominant
contribution of vehicle exhausts to PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing,
while specific emission-reduction measures should be implemented accordingly
for different cities within the 2+26 framework.
Het professionele verschoningsrecht in het nieuwe wetboek
Authors: Fanoy N.A.M.E.C. (Nathalie) 
Published: May 2019

Het professionele verschoningsrecht in het nieuwe wetboek
In de conceptwetsvoorstellen tot vaststelling van Boek 1, 2 en 6 van het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafvordering is een aantal voorstellen gedaan voor een nieuwe regeling van het ‘professionele verschoningsrecht’: het verschoningsrecht van bepaalde beroepsbeoefenaren met een vertrouwenspositie die in het kader van hun beroepsuitoefening een geheimhoudingsplicht hebben. Deze bijdrage gaat in op de voorgestelde bepalingen die betrekking hebben op het professionele verschoningsrecht bij het getuigenverhoor en bij een doorzoeking en inbeslagneming bij professioneel verschoningsgerechtigden dan wel ‘derden’. De nadruk ligt op de geheimhoudingsplicht en het verschoningsrecht van de advocaat. De wetgever beoogt met de voorgestelde bepalingen de reikwijdte en de omvang van het verschoningsrecht te verduidelijken en in overeenstemming te brengen met recente ontwikkelingen in jurisprudentie en rechtspraktijk. In de bijdrage worden de voorstellen nader beschouwd in het licht van deze doelstelling.
Product Continuity and Change in Persistent Household Ceramic Production
Authors: Hirshman Amy J. 
Published: May 2019

Theories regarding craft specialization and state emergence have long posited a relationship between the two, with state intervention expected in the production of elite culture. The Late Postclassic West Mexican Tarascan state (AD 1350–1525) seemed to be a perfect case in point, as fine wares are highly identifiable and provide a strong temporal marker for the emergence and duration of the state. Yet ethnographic data from the descendants of the Tarascan state (called the P’urépecha), along with archaeological and chemical evidence for the region indicates that ceramic production did not undergo a significant reorganization with state emergence and that even Tarascan fine wares were apparently made and used within commoner households. As household ceramic production is commonly characterized as technically and stylistically conservative, the “how” and “why” of the production of new ceramic Tarascan state markers indicates that the relationships between households and the state were far more complex than originally anticipated.
Seizing Freedom with Simone de Beauvoir
Authors: Marso Lori J. 
Published: May 2019

Beauvoir and Wright met in France in 1946, and Wright was Beauvoir’s host when she came to the United States in 1947. Together they talked about race, gender, and oppression. In this chapter, Lori J. Marso engages these conversations across their work, taking up Wright’s early writings in 12 Million Black Voices, his trip to Ghana after the victory of Kwame Nkrumah, and his address to the Paris Congress of Black Writers in 1956. With Wright and Beauvoir in conversation, the dangers of identity politics are illuminated and an alternative source of solidarity emerges. Both take seriously the weight of identity in creating oppression but refuse to yield to it as a political strategy.
La percepción del docente universitario ante el uso y valor de los datos abiertos
Authors: Rivas-Rebaque Begoña , Gértrudix-Barrio Felipe , De Cisneros de Britto Julio César 
Published: May 2019

El avance de la conciencia democrática en la sociedad junto con el aumento de población, incrementa exponencialmente la necesidad de ofrecer a la ciudadanía datos que los propios gobiernos se obligan legalmente y que los ciudadanos necesitan cada vez más. Muchos de estos datos son ofrecidos en modo abierto; son los denominados datos abiertos, Open Data en inglés (en adelante OD), y que son actualidad, futuro, apertura, transparencia, conocimiento, eficiencia, ahorro de tiempo, profundidad en la investigación, desarrollo en la educación, precisión en los análisis y por tanto en las patologías y diagnósticos de cualquier ámbito de nuestra vida que interese estudiar. No obstante, de poco o nada sirve conocer todo sobre los mismos si no sabemos qué hacer con ellos ni tenemos la capacidad para explotarlos. En este contexto, y ante las escasas iniciativas en el entorno educativo, se presenta el siguiente trabajo que tiene como objeto de estudio los datos abiertos dentro del ámbito de las facultades de educación españolas, intentando dar respuesta a si se pueden aprovechar en la enseñanza superior como recurso docente. Como objetivo principal se plantea conocer qué tipo de percepción poseen los docentes universitarios ante el uso y el valor de los datos abiertos para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La muestra ha sido de 192 docentes, con un margen de error máximo aplicable a datos globales no segmentados con un nivel de confianza del 95,5%, que en el caso más desfavorable (p=q=50%), es de ±7,2%. Para ello, se ha elaborado un diseño de investigación no experimental, de tipo exploratorio, utilizando el instrumento del cuestionario para la recogida de información. Los resultados demuestran que el uso de datos abiertos en Educación Superior obliga a una mejora de las políticas educativas que impulse la alfabetización digital, fomentando con ello el empoderamiento educativo.
Idea moderna de universidad: de la torre de marfil al capitalismo académico
Authors: Brunner José Joaquín , Labraña Vargas Julio Roberto , Ganga Francisco , Rodríguez-Ponce Emilio 
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo analiza la evolución de los discursos acerca de la universidad moderna a partir de la revisión reflexiva de textos clásicos y actuales sobre el tránsito desde la universidad como torre de marfil a la universidad emprendedora, examinando las tensiones que esta evolución genera en términos de principios formativos y organización del conocimiento. Para ello, este ensayo comienza argumentando que la universidad se hace parte de la Ilustración y accede a la modernidad cuando la Facultad de filosofía deja de ser conceptualizada como sierva de la Facultad de Teología y cuando deja, por lo tanto, de llevar su cola (philosophia theologiae ancilla), según ironiza Kant, para pasar en cambio a comprenderse como responsable de iluminar con una antorcha su camino. En las décadas siguientes el nuevo rol que asume la filosofía en la división del trabajo académico transforma las relaciones de la institución universitaria con el poder político y el poder religioso, abriendo las puertas, al mismo tiempo, hacia el Estado nacional y, más adelante, hacia la subordinación de sus actividades al capitalismo global. Consecuencia de lo anterior, los referentes normativos tradicionales de la universidad propiciados por Kant y Humboldt como responsable de la evolución de la sociedad moderna pierden plausibilidad y son sometidos a la crítica de las ideologías. El artículo concluye examinando futuras tendencias de la educación e investigación realizadas en las universidades contemporáneas y argumenta que la crisis de la idea moderna de la universidad es, de hecho, expresión de su carácter moderno que ahora se vuelve contra la misma institución.
dinosaur that lost its head: A contribution to a framework using Learning Analytics in Learning Design
Authors: Christiansen René Boyer , Gynther Karsten , Jørnø Rasmus 
Published: May 2019

This paper presents an approach to the meaningful use of learning analytics as a tool for teachers to improve the robustness of their learning designs. The approach is based on examining how participants act within a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) format through learning analytics. We show that a teacher/designer can gain knowledge about his or her intended, implemented and attained learning design; about how MOOC participants act in response to these and about how students are able to develop ‘study efficiency’ when participating in a MOOC. The learning analytics approach makes it possible to follow certain MOOC students and their study behaviour (e.g. the participants who pass the MOOC by earning enough achievement badges) and to examine the role of the moderator in MOOCs, showing that scaffolding plays a central role in studying and learning processes in an educational format such as a MOOC.
Key words: MOOCs, Massive Open Online Courses, data-saturated, learning analytics, learning design, educational design research, LMS.
Étude de la performance du milieu filtrant constitué d’une couche de chènevotte sur une couche de grignons d'olives dans le traitement des eaux usées domestiques : du pilote à l’échelle industrielle
Authors: Garcia Jesús Villalobos , Vialle Claire , Sablayrolles Caroline , Montrejaud-Vignoles Mireille , Amalric Jean-Philippe , Desmolles Matthias , Vignoles Christian , Gallien Patrice , Albasi Claire 
Published: May 2019

Deux matériaux, sous-produits agro-industriels, ont été étudiés en biofiltration à l'échelle pilote : la chènevotte en tant que « couche active », sur des grignons d'olives en tant que « couche de support ». L'objectif était d'étudier la capacité de ces deux matériaux travaillant ensemble comme un seul milieu filtrant poreux. L'impact de la hauteur de la couche active sur la performance du biofiltre a été étudié expérimentalement grâce à deux biofiltres, un premier présentant une répartition des matériaux en deux hauteurs égales, l’autre avec 80 % de couche active sur 20 % de hauteur de couche support. Les deux pilotes ont été alimentés à raison de 75 L·j‑1·EH‑1 (EH : équivalent-habitant) avec des eaux usées domestiques synthétiques. Les résultats ont montré une réduction de la demande biochimique en oxygène en cinq jours (DBO5) et des matières en suspension (MES) de plus de 90 % après dix semaines de fonctionnement. Cette performance s'est maintenue après plus de 30 semaines de fonctionnement continu. Par ailleurs, six prototypes de biofiltres ont été installés pour traiter les eaux usées domestiques de résidences unifamiliales dans des conditions réelles. Les objectifs de cette étude sont de caractériser l'efficacité du traitement de ces prototypes sur plusieurs années dans des conditions réelles, de déterminer l'entretien requis par une telle technologie et d'étudier l'influence de paramètres tels que la hauteur du biofiltre, l'aération et le nombre d'habitants. L'efficacité de traitement à long terme de l'un des biofiltres, qui fonctionne depuis près de quatre ans, est remarquable. Les pourcentages moyens de réduction de la demande chimique en oxygène (DCO), de la DBO5 et de MES sont respectivement de plus de 83 %, 97 % et 96 %, laissant espérer des résultats prometteurs pour les cinq autres.
The dirtying intention
Authors: Johnson Dominic 
Published: May 2019

Genesis P-Orridge has been a controversial figure in British art since the late 1960s. This chapter explores the national scandal of the Mail Action (1976), a performance at Highbury Corner Magistrates Court that consisted of P-Orridge’s indecency trial, after the artist was charged for sending pornographic mail art through the Royal Mail. P-Orridge’s performances with and as COUM Transmissions suggest the vital intersections between performance art, pornography, counterculture and crime in London in the 1970s. The Mail Action is placed in dialogue with P-Orridge’s subsequent exhibition (with COUM Transmissions) at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London in October 1976 to document the threats posed by explorations of sex, crime, controversy, esoteric ritual, in the context of the performance of extremity.
Roma caput mundi: Rome’s local antiquities as symbol and source
Authors: Christian Kathleen 
Published: May 2019

It will consider different antiquarian strategies in Rome adopted during a window of time (from the second half of the fifteenth century into the early sixteenth) when antiquity was open and available, to Romans and non Romans, to the lay nobility, to new men, to Cardinals and literati. A glimpse into the patronage of art, literature, architecture and festival décor by Cardinal Pietro Riario, Cardinal Raffaele Riario, Lorenzo Manlio, and as will be discussed in most detail, the Maffei family from Verona, will emphasize the variety and diversity of approaches to the antique, each re-using the past to establish a new beginning or a moment of the re-foundation of antique glory. Diverse strategies heralded the refoundation of Rome, in a way which vaunted the rise to prominence of a particular patron or family. This is seen by comparing the antiquarian strategies of foreigners and locals, of men of different ranks and with different social roles: those of Cardinals (the Riario), a native Roman (Manlio), and a family of non-native Veronese (the Maffei).
InAlN-based LEDs emitting in the near-UV region
Authors: Pampili Pietro , Zubialevich Vitaly Z. , Maaskant Pleun , Akhter Mahbub , Corbett Brian , Parbrook Peter J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Fully functional InAlN-based ultraviolet LEDs emitting at 340–350 nm were demonstrated for the first time; detailed electrical and optical characterization is presented and discussed. Results from the measurements at pulsed conditions are in agreement with the attribution of the dominant electroluminescence peak to near-band-edge emission. The composition of the AlGaN barriers was chosen to give the same internal polarization field as that of the InAlN wells. A simulation study of this polarization-matched heterostructure shows a significant increase in the electron-hole overlap integral if compared with a standard AlGaN/AlGaN active region having the same level of carrier confinement. Limitations and problems of these preliminary devices are also presented, and possible future work aimed at increasing their efficiency is discussed.
Update of control parameters for semi‐actively controlled base‐isolated building to improve seismic performance
Authors: Kohiyama Masayuki , Omura Masashi , Takahashi Masaki , Yoshida Osamu , Nakatsuka Koichi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Sosokan building of Keio University located in Yokohama, Japan, is a base‐isolated building with a semi‐active control system. The semi‐active dampers’ damping coefficient is changed to best reproduce the optimal control force in linear‐quadratic‐gaussian control. However, the implemented control gain was calculated on the basis of the structural parameters applied at the design stage. In this study, we identified the building's actual structural parameters using observational records from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. Using the updated structural model and 1000 simulated ground motions, we conducted a dynamic response analysis, which resulted in a fragility curve. Then, we evaluated the damage probability using the fragility curve and a seismic hazard curve. Finally, we determined the optimal control parameters to minimize the damage probability and used these parameters to implement the semi‐active control system.
Veil
Authors: Shirazi Faegheh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHijab, or veil, is most commonly a reference to a form of modest clothing for Muslim women. All the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) have a long tradition of women veiling. The veil can be a tactile object, a reference to an abstract form of moral and ethical behavior(s), or a reference to the institution of gender segregation. To delimit the meaning of the veil is a challenging if not impossible task. The semantics of the veil depend on the specific cultural, historical, and religious contexts in which the veil is used. But the semantics of the veil differ even within a specific cultural context. On the one hand, the veil is a simple garment that millions of women deal with in their daily lives as a matter of habit without a second thought. They are raised to wear it; it is just another article of clothing. On the other hand, the veil is an enormously important symbol, as it carries thousands of years of religious, sexual, social, and political significance within its folds.
Homo Clausus
Authors: Salumets Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFrom his magnum opus,The Civilizing Process(1939), to his many subsequent publications, as a human scientist interested in long term patterns of social change, Norbert Elias (1897–1990) showed us how the image of the disconnected self, orhomo clausus, took hold of our imagination. He also considered implications of this shift and offered alternatives that present a more relational and correspondingly less confined and static view of ourselves.