bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program Can Change Nutrition Care Practice: A Multicenter Experience in Elective Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Martin Lisa , Gillis Chelsia , Atkins Marlis , Gillam Melani , Sheppard Caroline , Buhler Sue , Hammond Carlota Basualdo , Nelson Gregg , Gramlich Leah 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs are multimodal evidenced‐based care pathways for optimal recovery. Central to ERAS is integration of perioperative nutrition care into the overall management of the patient. This study describes changes to perioperative nutrition care after implementation of an ERAS program, and identifies factors that affect compliance to ERAS care elements and short‐term postoperative outcomes.MethodsData were prospectively collected from patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery at 6 hospitals in Alberta, Canada, from 2013–2017. Compliance to nutrition care elements (nutrition risk screening, preoperative carbohydrate loading, early postoperative oral feeding, and mobilization) was recorded before ERAS implementation (pre‐ERAS group, n = 487) and with ERAS implementation (ERAS group, n = 3536). Logistic regression identified factors that affect compliance to care elements, length of hospital stay (LOS), and postoperative complications.ResultsA total of 4023 patients were included. The rate of nutrition risk screening improved from 9% (pre‐ERAS group) to 74% (ERAS group); 12% were at nutrition risk. Compliance increased for preoperative carbohydrate loading (4%–61%), early postoperative oral feeding (P < .001), and mobilization (P < .001). In multivariable logistic regression, nutrition risk independently predicted low overall compliance (<70%) to ERAS care elements (odds ratio [OR] 2.77; 95% CI, 2.11–3.64; P < .001) and a trend for LOS >5 days (OR 1.40; 95% CI, 1.00–1.96; P = .052). Low compliance to ERAS (<70%) predicted postoperative complications (OR 2.69; 95% CI, 2.23–3.24; P < .001).ConclusionERAS implementation positively impacted the adoption of standardized perioperative nutrition care practices. Nutrition risk screening identified patients less able to comply with postoperative nutrition care elements and who had longer LOS.
Salt‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for enhancing the concentration of matrine alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicine and its preparations
Authors: Zhang Yanqin , Chen Xuan , Li Jie , Hu Shuang , Wang Runqin , Bai Xiaohong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA fast, simple, and efficient salt‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed and introduced for the simultaneous enrichment, extraction, and determination of the trace levels of matrine alkaloids (sophoridine, matrine, and sophocarpine) in Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Composite Kushen injection. Compared with conventional dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, the proposed method, with added salt but without dispersant and centrifuging, makes the operation simpler, greener, and leads to a higher enrichment factor. The crucial parameters affecting the enrichment factors of target analytes, such as type and volume of extraction solvent, pH of sample phase, salt concentration, volume of sample phase, and extraction time, were investigated and optimized, meanwhile, the extraction mechanism of the method was analyzed and described. Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment factors of the three matrine alkaloids were 150, 178, and 227, respectively. Good linearities (r2 ≥ 0.9992) for all analytes, low limits of detection (less than 0.08 ng/mL), satisfactory precisions (2.1–12.3%), and accuracies (recoveries, 99.3–103.9%) were achieved. The experimental results showed that the approach is a simple, fast, green, eco‐friendly, and sensitive method and can be used for the preconcentration and determination of matrine alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicines and their preparations.
Characterizing blue carbon stocks in Thalassia testudinum meadows subjected to different phosphorus supplies: A lignin biomarker approach
Authors: Barry Savanna C. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Shields Michael R. , Hutchings Jack A. , Jacoby Charles A. , Frazer Thomas K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSeagrass meadows represent globally important stores of carbon. However, environmental heterogeneity in shallow, estuarine environments may shape the quantity, composition, and postdepositional processing of organic carbon stocks (Corg) in such meadows. Along a persistent gradient in total phosphorus concentrations in the water column and a parallel gradient in seagrass morphology, we measured bulk carbon parameters (Corg, dry bulk density, %Corg, Corg : N, δ13C) and lignin biomarkers in Thalassia testudinum tissues and in the sediments beneath these meadows in three coastal systems. We found Corg stocks and sources differed among coastal systems, but the aforementioned parameters were not consistently related to either standing stocks of seagrass or historical nutrient concentrations. We estimated that seagrasses contributed 30–53% of the total sedimentary Corg in these three coastal systems, with the remainder derived from allochthonous sources. The coastal system with intermediate phosphorus concentrations and aboveground seagrass stock had more Corg overall, more Corg from seagrass, and sediments with lower bulk density. A consistent negative relationship between dry bulk density and %Corg suggested hydrodynamics exerted a strong influence on stocks and sources of sedimentary Corg. Lignin biomarkers refined our understanding of sources of Corg and postdepositional processing of seagrass tissues. Phenolic acid‐to‐aldehyde ratios were high in fresh T. testudinum tissues. Lower values in sediments indicated seagrass tissues undergo extensive loss of acidic lignin phenols after deposition resulting in a need for lignin biomarker indices designed for estuarine sediments. Future studies of seagrass Corg should account for hydrodynamic setting, especially when investigating influences of environmental heterogeneity.
On a refinement of a theorem of Landau on Koebe domains
Authors: Ito Manabu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe state and prove a refinement of a classical theorem due to Landau on the Koebe domains for certain families of holomorphic functions introduced by A. W. Goodman. Our geometric approach in this article enables us to derive several statements of interest, which would not be produced via the methods in Goodman's paper, as immediate corollaries of the proof of the main theorem.
Selective chemoattraction of the benthic diatom Seminavis robusta to phosphate but not to inorganic nitrogen sources contributes to biofilm structuring
Authors: V. Bondoc Karen Grace , Lembke Christine , Vyverman Wim , Pohnert Georg 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDiatoms frequently dominate marine and freshwater biofilms as major primary producers. Nutrient resources in these biofilms are patchily distributed and fluctuate dynamically over time. We recently reported that this spatially and temporally structured environment can be exploited by motile diatoms that use chemoattraction to dissolved silicate (dSi) under Si starvation. Here, we show that the behavioral response of diatoms is more complex and selective as cells are also responding to gradients of dissolved phosphate (dP) when starved in this nutrient. In contrast, neither nitrate nor ammonium (dN) triggers an attractive response under nitrogen limitation. Video monitoring and movement pattern analysis of the model diatom Seminavis robusta revealed that dP attraction is mediated by a combined chemokinetic and chemotactic response. After locating nutrient hotspots, the microalgae slow down and recover from the limitation. The fastest recovery in terms of growth was observed after dSi limitation. In agreement with the lack of directional response, recovery from dN limitation was slowest, indicating that no short‐term benefit would be drawn by the algae from the location of transient hotspots of this resource. Our results highlight the ability of diatoms to adapt to nutrient limitation by active foraging and might explain their success in patchy benthic environments.
Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Properties of trans‐γ‐Halo‐δ‐lactones
Authors: Kamizela Angelika , Gawdzik Barbara , Urbaniak Mariusz , Lechowicz Łukasz , Białońska Agata , Gonciarz Weronika , Chmiela Magdalena 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA new four‐step pathway for the synthesis of γ‐halo‐δ‐lactones is described from simple, commercially available substrates: aryl bromides and 3‐methyl crotonaldehyde. The halogenolactonization reaction of β,δ‐substituted, γ,δ‐unsaturated carboxylic acid 4 a–c is regio‐ and stereoselective and gives only the trans‐isomers of lactones 5 a–c, 6 a–c, and 7 a–c. The structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by using spectroscopic methods. For bromolactone, containing a naphthyl moiety in the structure, crystallographic analysis was also performed. The lactones were tested for their cytotoxic activity against L929 cell lines (mouse fibroblasts) and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli strains ATCC 8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 65389. Compounds 5 a, 5 c, 7 a, and 7 b statistically significantly inhibited the metabolic activity of mouse fibroblasts L929. Compounds 5 b and 6 a were not cytotoxic towards L929 cells, but showed moderate bactericidal properties.
Highly Efficient Identification of O‐GalNAc Glycosylation by an Acid‐Assisted Glycoform Simplification Approach
Authors: You Xin , Qin Hongqiang , Mao Jiawei , Tian Yu , Dong Mingming , Guo Zhimou , Liang Xinmiao , Wang Liming , Jin Yan , Ye Mingliang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCompared with N‐linked glycosylation, the analysis of O‐GalNAc glycosylation is extremely challenging due to the high structure diversity of glycans and lack of glycosidases to release O‐GalNAc glycans. In this work, a glycoform simplification strategy by combining HILIC enrichment with chemical de‐sialylation to characterize O‐GalNAc glycosylation of human serum is presented. This method is first validated by using the bovine fetuin as the test sample. It is found that more than 90% of the sialic acid residues can be removed from bovine fetuin by the acid‐assisted de‐sialylation method, which significantly simplifies the glycan structure and improves identification sensitivity. Indeed, the number of identified peptide backbones increases nearly one fold when this strategy is used. This method is further applied to analyze the human serum sample, where 185 O‐GalNAc modified peptide sequences corresponding to 94 proteins with high confidence (FDR (false detection rate) <1%) are identified. This straight forward strategy can significantly reduce the variations of glycan structures, and is applicable to analysis of other biological samples with high complexity.
Tunable and High Photoluminescence Quantum Yield from Self‐Decorated TiO2 Quantum Dots on Fluorine Doped Mesoporous TiO2 Flowers by Rapid Thermal Annealing
Authors: Paul Kamal Kumar , Jana Subhadip , Giri P. K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHerein a novel approach is reported to achieve tunable and high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) from the self‐grown spherical TiO2 quantum dots (QDs) on fluorine doped TiO2 (F‐TiO2) flowers, mesoporous in nature, synthesized by a simple solvothermal process. The strong PL emission from F‐TiO2 QDs centered at ≈485 nm is associated with shallow and deep traps, and a record high PL QY of ≈5.76% is measured at room temperature. Size distribution and doping of F‐TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) are successfully tuned by simply varying the HF concentration during synthesis. During the post‐growth rapid thermal annealing (RTA) under vacuum, the arbitrary shaped F‐TiO2 NCs transform into spherical QDs with smaller sizes and it shows dramatic enhancement (≈163 times) in the PL intensity. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the high density of oxygen vacancy defects on the surface of TiO2 NCs. Confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging shows bright whitish emission from the F‐TiO2 QDs. Low temperature and time resolved PL studies reveal that the ultrafast radiative recombination in the TiO2 QDs results in highly efficient PL emission. A highly stable, biologically inert, and highly fluorescent TiO2 QDs/flowers without any capping agent demonstrated here is significant for emerging applications in bioimaging, energy, and environmental cleaning.
On the use of data transformation in response surface methodology
Authors: Hattab Mohammad Wasef 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOne of the main objectives of response surface methodology is to find the operating settings that optimize the mean function. When estimating the optimum settings, it is highly important to take the response variance into account. Data transformations are frequently used to eliminate variance heterogeneity. Important references in response surface methodology such as Box and Draperand Myers et alrecommend transforming the data prior to process optimization, if needed. Process optimization is initialized if the response transformation successfully stabilizes the variance. In this paper, I oppose using such a practice without complete understanding of its implications. It basically implies that variation is a key characteristic of the process understudy and postulates relationship between the mean and the variance. When ignoring this relationship, the optimum settings found on the transformed scale may have very high variance. A solution based on ridge analysis is presented. Practitioners must proceed with caution when applying data transformation to their datasets.
Different estimation methods for exponentiated Rayleigh distribution under constant‐stress accelerated life test
Authors: Nassar Mazen , Dey Sanku 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe accelerated life testing is an efficient approach and has been used in several fields to obtain failure time data of test units in a much shorter time than testing at normal operating conditions. In this article, we consider 6 frequentist estimation methods, namely, method of maximum likelihood estimation, method of least square estimation, method of weighted least square estimation, method of percentile estimation, method of maximum product of spacing estimation, and method of Cramér‐von‐Mises estimation to estimate the parameters and the reliability function of the exponentiated Rayleigh distribution under normal use conditions using constant accelerated life testing. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performances of the proposed methods of estimation for both small and large samples. The performances of the estimators have been compared in terms of their mean squared error using simulated samples. Simulation results showed that percentile method gives the best results among other estimation methods in terms of mean squared error. Finally, a real data set is analyzed for illustrative purposes.
Response surface split‐plot designs: A literature review
Authors: Cortes Luis A. , Simpson James R. , Parker Peter A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe fundamental principles of experiment design are factorization, replication, randomization, and local control of error. In many industrial experiments, however, departure from these principles is commonplace. Often in our experiments, complete randomization is not feasible because factor level settings are hard, impractical, or inconvenient to change, or the resources available to execute under homogeneous conditions are limited. These restrictions in randomization result in split‐plot experiments. Also, we are often interested in fitting second‐order models, which lead to second‐order split‐plot experiments. Although response surface methodology has experienced a phenomenal growth since its inception, second‐order split‐plot design has received only modest attention relative to other topics during the same period. Many graduate textbooks either ignore or only provide a relatively basic treatise of this subject. The peer‐reviewed literature on second‐order split‐plot designs, especially with blocking, is scarce, limited in examples, and often provides limited or too general guidelines. This deficit of information leaves practitioners ill‐prepared to face the many challenges associated with these types of designs. This article seeks to provide an overview of recent literature on response surface split‐plot designs to help practitioners in dealing with these types of designs.
DEWMA control charts for censored data using Rayleigh lifetimes
Authors: Raza Syed Muhammad Muslim , Ali Sajid , Butt Muhammad Moeen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present conditional expected value (CEV) and conditional median (CM)‐based double exponentially weighted moving average (DEWMA) charts for monitoring the type I censored data. We use the Rayleigh distribution for illustration of the proposed chart and mainly focus on the mean level shifts. The relation of variance level shifts with mean level shifts for the Rayleigh distribution is also discussed. In particular, we discuss known parameter as well as the unknown parameter case, where the parameter estimation is done by the method of maximum likelihood. Furthermore, a comparison between CEVDEWMA and CMDEWMA is also a part of this study. The performance of the proposed chart is evaluated using the average run length and a real‐life case study is also presented in this article.
Exotic species, rather than low flow, negatively affect native fish in the Oglio River, Northern Italy
Authors: Gavioli Anna , Mancini Marco , Milardi Marco , Aschonitis Vassilis , Racchetti Erica , Viaroli Pierluigi , Castaldelli Giuseppe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRivers worldwide are impacted by human activities such as habitat degradation, habitat fragmentation, waterway flow regulation, and introduction of exotic species, which are responsible for the reduction or the disappearance of native species in many parts of the world. The Oglio River, a tributary of the Po River in Northern Italy, is a good example of a river with a long history of human alteration and where exotic invasions are present. We used data on water parameters and fish communities along the watercourse to investigate whether low flow conditions, degraded water quality, abundant exotic species, and the presence of migration barriers could be a disadvantage for native species. We used ordination methods (redundancy analysis), variance partitioning analysis, and the threshold indicator taxa analysis to explore changes in community composition and ecofunctional traits along an altitude gradient. We found that exotic species affected native ones more than water quality and hydromorphological parameters. Native species were most abundant in the upper reach of the Oglio River, despite low flow and shallow depth. Moreover, rheophilic and clear water native fish decreased rapidly in the lower reach of the river, where exotic species increased. This distribution could be explained by the presence of barriers in the middle reach, which block exotic species migrating upstream from the highly invaded Po River, and by a lower suitability of the upper reach for some exotic species. Our results provide a general description of the fish fauna of a strongly regulated river and can contribute to develop more effective fish and water management practices.
Electrically Controlled Nano and Micro Actuation in Memristive Switching Devices with On‐Chip Gas Encapsulation
Authors: Kos Dean , Astier Hippolyte P. A. G. , Martino Giuliana Di , Mertens Jan , Ohadi Hamid , De Fazio Domenico , Yoon Duhee , Zhao Zhuang , Kuhn Alexander , Ferrari Andrea C. , Ford Christopher J. B. , Baumberg Jeremy J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNanoactuators are a key component for developing nanomachinery. Here, an electrically driven device yielding actuation stresses exceeding 1 MPa withintegrated optical readout is demonstrated. 10 nm thick Al2O3 electrolyte films are sandwiched between graphene and Au electrodes. These allow reversible room‐temperature solid‐state redox reactions, producing Al metal and O2 gas in a memristive‐type switching device. The resulting high‐pressure oxygen micro‐fuel reservoirs are encapsulated under the graphene, swelling to heights of up to 1 µm, which can be dynamically tracked by plasmonic rulers. Unlike standard memristors where the memristive redox reaction occurs in single or few conductive filaments, the mechanical deformation forces the creation of new filaments over the whole area of the inflated film. The resulting on–off resistance ratios reach 108 in some cycles. The synchronization of nanoactuation and memristive switching in these devices is compatible with large‐scale fabrication and has potential for precise and electrically monitored actuation technology.
Exciting LLM geometries
Authors: de Mello Koch Robert , Huang Jia-Hui , Tribelhorn Laila 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe study excitations of LLM geometries. These geometries arise from the backreaction of a condensate of giant gravitons. Excitations of the condensed branes are open strings, which give rise to an emergent Yang-Mills theory at low energy. We study the dynamics of the planar limit of these emergent gauge theories, accumulating evidence that they are planar$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4super Yang-Mills. There are three observations supporting this conclusion: (i) we argue for an isomorphism between the planar Hilbert space of the original$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4super Yang-Mills and the planar Hilbert space of the emergent gauge theory, (ii) we argue that the OPE coefficients of the planar limit of the emergent gauge theory vanish and (iii) we argue that the planar spectrum of anomalous dimensions of the emergent gauge theory is that of planar$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4super Yang-Mills. Despite the fact that the planar limit of the emergent gauge theory is planar$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4super Yang-Mills, we explain why the emergent gauge theory is not$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4super Yang-Mills theory.
Prognostic Value of Trefoil Factor 3 Expression in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Taniguchi Yoshiki , Kurokawa Yukinori , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Mikami Jota , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Yamasaki Makoto , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundTrefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a small molecule secreted by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract and is overexpressed in some human malignant tumors. We investigated the prognostic values of immunohistochemical (IHC) TFF3 expression and serum TFF3 levels in patients with gastric cancer, and whether TFF3 influenced tumor proliferation and invasion in vitro.MethodsWe examined 111 patients who underwent R0 gastrectomy for gastric cancer between April 2012 and April 2015. IHC TFF3 expression and serum TFF3 levels were evaluated regarding their associations with clinicopathological factors and recurrence‐free survival (RFS). In vitro cell proliferation and migration assays were used to explore the biological role of TFF3 in human gastric cancer cell lines following transfection with a lentivirus‐based shRNA plasmid.ResultsIHC TFF3 expression showed significant associations with depth of invasion (p = 0.024), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.008), and RFS (log‐rank p = 0.002). Serum TFF3 levels were correlated with IHC TFF3 expression (p = 0.013). RFS was significantly poorer in patients with high (n = 27) compared to low (n = 84) serum TFF3 levels (log‐rank p = 0.003). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that serum TFF3 level was an independent prognostic factor for RFS (p = 0.024). In vitro assays, TFF3 downregulation significantly inhibited both proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells.ConclusionsSerum TFF3 levels could be useful prognostic markers in patients with gastric cancer. TFF3 may play various biological roles in proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells.