bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apheresis causes complement deposition on red blood cells (RBCs) and RBC antigen alterations, possibly inducing enhanced clearance
Authors: de Back Djuna Z. , Nezjad Shahryar G. , Beuger Boukje M. , Veldhuis Martijn , Clifford Els , Ait Ichou Fatima , Berghuis Jeffrey , Go Mya , Gouwerok Eric , Meinderts Sanne , Vrielink Hans , de Kort Wim , de Korte Dirk , van Kraaij Marian , van Bruggen Robin 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDApheresis is increasingly being applied to collect cells or plasma, even allowing the collection of multiple blood components during one procedure. Although the quality of the cellular and plasma products that are obtained by apheresis have been extensively studied and shown to be of high quality, the impact of apheresis on the red blood cells (RBCs) that are returned to the donor has not been investigated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe effect of the plasma‐ or plateletpheresis procedures by four different devices—MCS+ (Haemonetics), PCS2 (Haemonetics), Trima Accel (Terumo BCT), and Autopheresis‐C (Auto‐C, Fresenius Kabi)—on the RBCs that are returned to the donor was tested in a blinded, prospective trial in a cohort of 25 donors.RESULTSA rheologic analysis of donor RBCs before and after plasma‐ or plateletpheresis showed no differences in outcome. However, a strong increase in hemolysis was found in samples from the Trima Accel devices after plateletpheresis, compared to all other machines tested. Furthermore, an increase in complement deposition on RBCs was seen after all plasmapheresis procedures (MCS+, PCS2, and Auto‐C). Finally, a significant decrease in the expression of the complement‐regulating protein CD59 was seen in all postapheresis samples as well as a significant decrease of the adhesion molecule CD147.CONCLUSIONThe increase in complement deposition and the decrease in the expression of CD59 suggests that RBC clearance might be enhanced after return to the donor. Possible side effects due to an increase in hemolysis after Trima Accel plateletpheresis should be further investigated.
Effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on sickle cell disease recipient plasma and RBC metabolism
Authors: Culp‐Hill Rachel , Srinivasan Amudan J. , Gehrke Sarah , Kamyszek Reed , Ansari Andrea , Shah Nirmish , Welsby Ian , D'Alessandro Angelo 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDExchange transfusion is a mainstay in the treatment of sickle cell anemia. Transfusion recipients with sickle cell disease (SCD) can be transfused over 10 units per therapy, an intervention that replaces circulating sickle red blood cells (RBCs) with donor RBCs. Storage of RBCs makes the intervention logistically feasible. The average storage duration for units transfused at the Duke University Medical Center is approximately 2 weeks, a time window that should anticipate the accumulation of irreversible storage lesion to the RBCs. However, no metabolomics study has been performed to date to investigate the impact of exchange transfusion on recipients' plasma and RBC phenotypes.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPlasma and RBCs were collected from patients with sickle cell anemia before transfusion and within 5 hours after exchange transfusion with up to 11 units, prior to metabolomics analyses.RESULTSExchange transfusion significantly decreased plasma levels of markers of systemic hypoxemia like lactate, succinate, sphingosine 1‐phosphate, and 2‐hydroxyglutarate. These metabolites accumulated in transfused RBCs, suggesting that RBCs may act as scavenger/reservoirs. Transfused RBCs displayed higher glycolysis, total adenylate pools, and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate, consistent with increased capacity to deliver oxygen. Plasma levels of acyl‐carnitines and amino acids decreased, while fatty acids and potentially harmful phthalates increased upon exchange transfusion.CONCLUSIONMetabolic phenotypes confirm the benefits of the transfusion therapy in transfusion recipients with SCD and the reversibility of some of the metabolic storage lesion upon transfusion in vivo in 2‐week‐old RBCs. However, results also suggest that potentially harmful plasticizers are transfused.
Ultraviolet C light efficiently inactivates nonenveloped hepatitis A virus and feline calicivirus in platelet concentrates
Authors: Gravemann Ute , Handke Wiebke , Lambrecht Bernd , Schmidt Jörg‐Peter , Müller Thomas H. , Seltsam Axel 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDNonenveloped transfusion‐transmissible viruses such as hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are resistant to many of the common virus inactivation procedures for blood products. This study investigated the pathogen inactivation (PI) efficacy of the THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets system against two nonenveloped viruses: HAV and feline calicivirus (FCV), in platelet concentrates (PCs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPCs in additive solution were spiked with high titers of cell culture–derived HAV and FCV, and treated with ultraviolet C at various doses. Pre‐ and posttreatment samples were taken and the level of viral infectivity determined at each dose. For some samples, large‐volume plating was performed to improve the detection limit of the virus assay.RESULTSTHERAFLEX UV‐Platelets reduced HAV titers in PCs to the limit of detection, resulting in a virus reduction factor of greater than 4.2 log steps, and reduced FCV infectivity in PCs by 3.0 ± 0.2 log steps.CONCLUSIONSTHERAFLEX UV‐Platelets effectively inactivates HAV and FCV in platelet units.
Assessment of HIV transfusion transmission risk in South Africa: a 10‐year analysis following implementation of individual donation nucleic acid amplification technology testing and donor demographics eligibility changes
Authors: Vermeulen Marion , Lelie Nico , Coleman Charl , Sykes Wendy , Jacobs Genevieve , Swanevelder Ronel , Busch Michael , van Zyl Gert , Grebe Eduard , Welte Alex , Reddy Ravi 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDIn 1998 we estimated that 34/million infectious window period donations were entering the blood supply at the South African National Blood Service. Selective use of donations based on donor race‐ethnicity reduced this risk to 26/million donations but was deemed unethical. Consequently, in 2005 South African National Blood Service eliminated race‐ethnicity–based collection policies and implemented individual‐donation nucleic acid testing (ID‐NAT). We describe the change in donor base demographics, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) detection rates, and transfusion‐transmissible HIV risk.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn ten years 7.7 million donations were tested for anti‐HIV and HIV RNA. Number of donations, HIV prevalence, ID‐NAT yield rate, serology yield rate and residual transfusion‐transmissible HIV risk were analyzed by donor type, race‐ethnicity, age, and sex. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the determinants of HIV‐positive and nucleic acid testing yield donations.RESULTSThe combined strategy of increasing donations from black donors and implementing ID‐NAT increased the proportion of donations from black donors from 6% in 2005 to 30% in 2015 (p < 0.00001), and reduced the transfusion‐transmissible risk from 24 to 13 per million transfusions. ID‐NAT interdicted 481 (1:16,100) seronegative window period donations, while one transfusion‐transmissible case (0.13 per million) was documented. Race‐ethnicity and donor type were highly significant predictors of HIV positivity, with adjusted odds ratio for first‐time donors of 12.5 (95% confidence interval, 11.9‐13.1) and for black race‐ethnicity of 31.1 (95% confidence interval, 28.9‐33.4). The proportion of serology yields among HIV‐infected donors increased from 0.27% to 2.4%.CONCLUSIONID‐NAT enabled the South African National Blood Service to increase the number of donations from black donors fivefold while enhancing the safety of the blood supply.
Blood, sweat, and tears: Red Blood Cell‐Omics study objectives, design, and recruitment activities
Authors: Endres‐Dighe Stacy M. , Guo Yuelong , Kanias Tamir , Lanteri Marion , Stone Mars , Spencer Bryan , Cable Ritchard G. , Kiss Joseph E. , Kleinman Steve , Gladwin Mark T. , Brambilla Donald J. , D'Andrea Pam , Triulzi Darrell J. , Mast Alan E. , Page Grier P. , Busch Michael P. ,   for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology Donor Evaluation Study (REDS)‐III Program
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDThe Red Blood Cell (RBC)‐Omics study was initiated to build a large data set containing behavioral, genetic, and biochemical characteristics of blood donors with linkage to outcomes of the patients transfused with their donated RBCs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe cohort was recruited from four US blood centers. Demographic and donation data were obtained from center records. A questionnaire to assess pica, restless leg syndrome, iron supplementation, hormone use, and menstrual and pregnancy history was completed at enrollment. Blood was obtained for a complete blood count, DNA, and ferritin testing. A leukocyte‐reduced RBC sample was transferred to a custom storage bag for hemolysis testing at Storage Days 39 to 42. A subset was recalled to evaluate the kinetics and stability of hemolysis measures.RESULTSA total of 13,403 racially/ethnically diverse (12% African American, 12% Asian, 8% Hispanic, 64% white, and 5% multiracial/other) donors of both sexes were enrolled and ranged from 18 to 90 years of age; 15% were high‐intensity donors (nine or more donations in the prior 24 mo without low hemoglobin deferral). Data elements are available for 97% to 99% of the cohort.CONCLUSIONSThe cohort provides demographic, behavioral, biochemical, and genetic data for a broad range of blood donor studies related to iron metabolism, adverse consequences of iron deficiency, and differential hemolysis (including oxidative and osmotic stress perturbations) during RBC storage. Linkage to recipient outcomes may permit analysis of how donor characteristics affect transfusion efficacy. Repository DNA, plasma, and RBC samples should expand the usefulness of the current data set.
Surgical management of postcastration spermatic cord stump infection in horses: A retrospective study of 23 cases
Authors: Claffey Elaine F. , Brust Katherine , Hackett Richard P. , Fubini Susan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo report the surgical management and the short‐ and long‐term follow‐up of postcastration spermatic cord infection in horses.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsTwenty‐three client‐owned horses.MethodsMedical records (2001‐2017) of horses that had been surgically treated for spermatic cord stump infection after castration were reviewed. Time from castration to presentation, diagnostic procedures, surgical complications, bacterial culture and ancillary testing, and survival to discharge were collected. Long‐term follow‐up was obtained by owner survey when possible. Descriptive statistics were used to report results.ResultsHorses ranged in age from 2 to 14 years (mean age 4.1) and presented 33 days (median; range, 12‐3561) after castration. Five of 23 horses required revision surgery because of hemorrhage (2) or persistent infection (3). All horses survived to discharge. Long‐term follow up was available for 16 horses at a mean time of 27.4 months postsurgery (range 6‐135). Complete resolution of clinical signs and return to previous use was documented in 14 of 16 horses; 1 horse had persistent purulent drainage and a second horse was retired because he did not return to adequate performance.ConclusionPostcastration infection of the spermatic cord had a favorable prognosis for short‐ and long‐term survival in this population, although complications included postoperative hemorrhage and persistent infection.Clinical significanceThis study describes the treatment of postcastration infection of the spermatic cord which results in a good survival rate.
Optimization of phenol removal from wastewater by activation of persulfate and ultrasonic waves in the presence of biochar catalyst modified by lanthanum chloride
Authors: Razmi Rasool , Ardjmand Mehdi , Ramavandi Bahman , Heydarinasab Amir 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of phenol concentration, pH, catalyst dose, persulfate concentration, temperature and contact time on the phenol removal from wastewater by activation of persulfate (S2O8−2) in the presence of biochar modified by lanthanum chloride and ultrasonic waves (US) are optimized. Experimental design and optimization were carried out by response surface methodology. The optimum conditions for the maximum phenol removal were obtained pH of 4, phenol concentration of 86 mg/L, catalyst dose of 43 mg/L, persulfate concentration of 86 mg/L, temperature of 41 °C and contact time of 63 min. The optimum phenol removal from synthetic wastewater was attained 97.68%. Phenol removal by the mentioned system was fitted with the first‐order kinetic model. The combination of the ingredients of ‘S2O8−2/US/Biochar‐LaCl3’ system had a synergistic effect on the phenol removal.
Twisting and Tilting Rotors for High-Efficiency, Thrust-Vectored Quadrotors
Authors: Gerber Matthew J. , Tsao Tsu-Chin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A mechanism consisting of twisting and tilting joints is introduced to provide omnidirectional thrust-vectoring capabilities to a quadrotor system. This mechanism eliminates mechanical constraints and kinematic singularities to provide full directional authority to all four individual thrust vectors. The presented system fully decouples position and attitude dynamics to overcome the intrinsic maneuverability limitations of traditional multirotors while maximizing thrust efficiency over its entire configuration space. This paper presents a mathematical model of the system, introduces a control method for position and attitude tracking, and presents numerical simulation results that demonstrate the system benefits.
Social and behavioural factors associated with depressive symptoms among university students in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ngin Chanrith , Pal Khuondyla , Tuot Sovannary , Chhoun Pheak , Yi Rosa , Yi Siyan 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo explore social and behavioural factors associated with depressive symptoms among university students in Cambodia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingsTwo public universities—one in the capital city of Phnom Penh and another in Battambang provincial town.ParticipantsThis study included 1359 students randomly selected from all departments in the two universities using a multistage cluster sampling method for a self-administered questionnaire survey in 2015.Primary outcome measureDepressive symptoms measured by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. All measures in the study were self-reported.ResultsThe proportion of students with depressive symptoms and severe depressive symptoms were 50.6% and 19.6%, respectively. After adjustment in multivariate logistic regression analysis, depressive symptoms remained significantly associated with poor academic performance (adjusted OR (AOR)=7.31, 95% CI 2.24 to 23.86), higher consumption of unhealthy food (AOR=1.72, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.76), a negative self-perception about body shape (AOR=0.54, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.99) and general health status (AOR=2.99, 95% CI 1.28 to 7.00), and limited physical activeness (AOR=0.30, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.58). Depressive symptoms also remained significantly associated with adverse childhood experiences including physical violence (AOR=1.39, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.86), psychological abuse (AOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.42) and lack of general and medical care (AOR=0.51, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.86) by family during childhood.ConclusionsThe key factors associated with depressive symptoms were family related and individual behaviours and attitudes. Thus, efforts should be invested in comprehensive screening and intervention programmes to diagnose those vulnerable students early, offer immediate treatment and cater appropriate support.
Association of oral ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin with the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmia: a nationwide cohort study in Korea
Authors: Cho Yongil , Park Hyun Soo 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether oral ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmia in Korea’s general population.DesignPopulation-based cohort study using administrative claims data on a national scale in Korea.SettingAll primary, secondary and tertiary care settings from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015.ParticipantsPatients who were prescribed the relevant study medications at outpatient visits.Primary outcome measuresEach patient group that was prescribed ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin or moxifloxacin was compared with the group that was prescribed cefixime to assess the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation, flutter and cardiac arrest). Using logistic regression analysis with inverse probability of treatment weighting using the propensity score, OR and 95% CI for serious ventricular arrhythmia were calculated for days 1–7 and 8–14 after the patients commenced antibiotic use.ResultsDuring the study period, 4 888 890 patients were prescribed the study medications. They included 1 466 133 ciprofloxacin users, 1 141 961 levofloxacin users, 1 830 786 ofloxacin users, 47 080 moxifloxacin users and 402 930 cefixime users. Between 1 and 7 days after index date, there was no evidence of increased serious ventricular arrhythmia related to the prescription of ciprofloxacin (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.49 to 1.06) and levofloxacin (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.29). Ofloxacin had a 59% reduced risk of serious ventricular arrhythmia compared with cefixime during 1–7 days after prescription. Whereas the OR of serious ventricular arrhythmia after the prescription of moxifloxacin was 1.87 (95% CI 1.15 to 3.11) compared with cefixime during 1–7 days after prescription.ConclusionsDuring 1–7 days after prescription, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were not associated with increased risk and ofloxacin showed reduced risk of serious ventricular arrhythmia. Moxifloxacin increased the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmia.
Paradox of self-care gender differences among Italian patients with chronic heart failure: findings from a real-world cross-sectional study
Authors: Dellafiore Federica , Arrigoni Cristina , Pittella Francesco , Conte Gianluca , Magon Arianna , Caruso Rosario 
Published: September 2018

AimThe aim of this study was to critically analyse and describe gender differences related to self-care among patients with chronic heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsA monocentric real-world cohort of 346 patients with chronic HF in follow-up was used for this cross-sectional study. We report data related to the cohort’s demographic and clinical characteristics. Self-care was assessed using the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index before patients’ discharge. After bivariate analysis, logistical regression models were used to describe the relationship between gender, self-care behaviours and self-care confidence. While men were found to have more than quadruple the risk of poor self-care than women (OR 4.596; 95% CI 1.075 to 19.650), men were also found to be approximately 60% more likely to have adequate self-care confidence than women (OR 0.412; 95% CI 0.104 to 0.962). Considering that self-care confidence is described as a positive predictor of behaviours, our results suggest a paradox. It is possible that the patient–caregiver relationship mediates the effect of confidence on behaviours. Overall, adequate levels of self-care behaviours are a current issue, ranging 7.6%–18.0%.ConclusionThis study sets the stage for future research where elements of the patient–caregiver relationship ought to be considered to inform the planning of appropriate educational interventions. We recommend routinely measuring patients’ self-care behaviours to guide their follow-up and as a basis for any changes in their daily life behaviours.
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on chronic neurocognitive deficits of post-traumatic brain injury patients: retrospective analysis
Authors: Hadanny Amir , Abbott Stefanie , Suzin Gil , Bechor Yair , Efrati Shai 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in participants suffering from chronic neurological deficits due to traumatic brain injury (TBI) of all severities in the largest cohort evaluated so far with objective cognitive function tests and metabolic brain imaging.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 154 patients suffering from chronic neurocognitive damage due to TBI, who had undergone computerised cognitive evaluations pre-HBOT and post-HBOT treatment.ResultsThe average age was 42.7±14.6 years, and 58.4% were men. All patients had documented TBI 0.3–33 years (mean 4.6±5.8, median 2.75 years) prior to HBOT. HBOT was associated with significant improvement in all of the cognitive domains, with a mean change in global cognitive scores of 4.6±8.5 (p<0.00001). The most prominent improvements were in memory index and attention, with mean changes of 8.1±16.9 (p<0.00001) and 6.8±16.5 (p<0.0001), respectively. The most striking changes observed in brain single photon emission computed tomography images were in the anterior cingulate and the postcentral cortex, in the prefrontal areas and in the temporal areas.ConclusionsIn the largest published cohort of patients suffering from chronic deficits post-TBI of all severities, HBOT was associated with significant cognitive improvements. The clinical improvements were well correlated with increased activity in the relevant brain areas.
Implementing myocardial infarction systems of care in low/middle-income countries
Authors: Nascimento Bruno R , Brant Luisa C Caldeira , Marino Bárbara C A , Passaglia Luiz Guilherme , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P 
Published: September 2018

Ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with an increasing trend from 6.1 million deaths in 1990 to 9.5 million in 2016, markedly driven by rates observed in low/middle-income countries (LMIC). Improvements in myocardial infarction (MI) care are crucial for reducing premature mortality. We aimed to evaluate the main challenges for adequate MI care in LMIC, and possible strategies to overcome these existing barriers.Reperfusion is the cornerstone of MI treatment, but worldwide around 30% of patients are not reperfused, with even lower rates in LMIC. The main challenges are related to delays associated with patient education, late diagnosis and inadequate referral strategies, health infrastructure and insufficient funding. The implementation of regional MI systems of care in LMIC, systematising timely reperfusion strategies, access to intensive care, risk stratification and use of adjunctive medications have shown some successful strategies. Telemedicine support for remote ECG, diagnosis and organisation of referrals has proven to be useful, improving access to reperfusion even in prehospital settings. Organisation of transport and referral hubs based on anticipated delays and development of MI excellence centres have also resulted in better equality of care. Also, education of healthcare staff and task shifting may potentially widen access to optimal therapy.In conclusion, efforts have been made for the implementation of MI systems of care in LMIC, aiming to address particularities of the health systems. However, the increasing impact of MI in these countries urges the development of further strategies to improve reperfusion and reduce system delays.