bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suelos securitarios. Hacia una antropología urbana de las asociaciones vecinales por la seguridad en la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina
Authors: Vélez Joaquín 
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo se propone reflexionar e indagar sobre diversas dimensiones en las que se manifiesta y construye el problema de la (in)seguridad y su gestión por diferentes actores. Para ello, se hará un foco en el espacio urbano delimitado por la ciudad de La Plata y en algunas organizaciones actuales, como Vecinos en alerta, Asambleas por la seguridad y otros emergentes, a partir de un trabajo de campo etnográfico que involucra usos de mensajería instantánea, políticas y agendas públicas y reflexiones metodológicas sobre el ejercicio de la etnografía en estos contextos. Una de las preguntas centrales de esta investigación, se entronca en el esfuerzo que existe en ámbitos académicos y políticos para comprender ciertas tendencias hacia una securización de la agenda pública y formas novedosas de gubernamentalidad, en parte marcadas por tendencias electorales conservadoras. En este sentido, en las sociedades definidas por algunos como ‘posneoliberales’ (Sozzo, 2016), queda aún por comprender ciertos suelos culturales (Kusch, 2007) y condiciones de posibilidad (Tiscornia, 2004) para que los discursos de inflacionismo penal y populismo punitivo, las prácticas de linchamiento y las diferentes formas de represión policial, que parecen estar en alza, sean compuestos. En una primera parte se abordarán problemas conceptuales y generales de la región para luego hacer foco en los casos y trabajo de campo que aquí competen.
La inseguridad en el transporte público del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Experiencias y percepciones de mujeres y varones
Authors: Pereyra Leda Paula , Gutiérrez Andrea , Nerome Mariela Mitsuko 
Published: July 2018

El trabajo busca visibilizar una forma de la inseguridad ciudadana aun no analizada en profundidad: aquella en el transporte público. Si bien, la vulneración de la seguridad es un condicionante socioeconómico y espacial que limita el acceso a los bienes, servicios, actividades y oportunidades ofrecidas por las ciudades, tanto a mujeres como a varones, su percepción y experiencia son dos dimensiones de la inseguridad que tienen un efecto diferente sobre las mujeres. A partir de una exploración sobre las diferencias en la percepción de inseguridad y en la efectiva victimización de usuarias y usuarios del transporte público en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (amba), se indaga en las estrategias de movilidad cotidiana de las mujeres vinculadas con la inseguridad como problema en el transporte público. Se presenta evidencia —basada en información primariacualicuantitativa y relevada en el marco del estudio comparativo latinoamericano “Ella se mueve segura”— sobre el desempeño de la inseguridad como condicionante de género, y sobre una forma de violencia —el acoso— que afecta especialmente a las mujeres. Con esto se quiere aportar a desnaturalizar comportamientos cotidianos que colaboran en sostener desigualdades en el espacio urbano y en el transporte, y por su intermedio, en el derecho a la ciudad.
Thy 3F and 3a malignancy rate, a multisite regional retrospective case series
Authors: Alexander V , Rudd J , Walker D , Wong G , Lunt A , Hamakarim Z , Bell S , Balfour A , Davis J , Pitkin L , Pelser A 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to ascertain the incidence of thyroid cancer for patients categorised as Thy3, 3a or 3f across four tertiary thyroid multidisciplinary centres in the UK.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective case series examining patients who presented with a thyroid nodule and diagnosed as Thy3, 3a or 3f according to the Royal College of Pathologists modified British Thyroid Association and Royal College of Physicians Thy system.ResultsIn total, 395 patients were included in this study. Of these, 136 turned out to have benign thyroid disease and 24 had micropapillary thyroid carcinomas. The overall rate of thyroid malignancy was 28.8%. For each subcategory, the rate of malignancy was Thy3 24.7.7%, Thy3a 30.4% and Thy3f 29.2. However, the incidence of thyroid malignancy varied considerably between the four centres (Thy 3f 18-54%).DiscussionThe diagnosis of thyroid cancer is evolving but detection for malignancy for indeterminate nodules remains below 50% for most centres around the world. In 2014, the British Thyroid Association subdivided the original Thy3 category into Thy3a and Thy3f and recommended a more conservative approach to management for Thy3a nodules. Despite this, only two centres yielded a higher conversion rate of malignancy in the new higher graded Thy3f group compared with Thy3a.ConclusionIt is debateable whether the new ‘Thy3’ subcategories are more useful than the original. Local thyroid malignancy rates may also be more useful than national averages to inform treatment decisions.
Between regulation mechanisms and professional essentials: Exploring current challenges in architectural education
Authors: Stang Våland Marianne , Møller Camilla Hedegaard 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
As new technologies and organizational arrangements establish in the market for building design, these developments represent important changes – for design practitioners as well as for the institutions responsible for the education of designers. We explore the tension between current mechanisms that aim to regulate the production of architects and architecture, and the fundamental tenets that characterize the profession. Providing data from a Danish school of architecture based on the Beaux-Art tradition, we use actor-network theory as a lens to explore how these mechanisms produce requirements that challenge the traditional understanding of knowledge and methodology in architectural training. While architects are reliant on their ability to act according to market conditions, they are concurrently obliged to work according to the essential tenets of their discipline. The article offers empirical illustrations and considerations of this dilemma facing the profession of architects and their practices, which is provisionally discussed in the light of a contemporary educational initiative.
Merchantability and assortment structure of pine stands affected by root rot in the Volyn Polissya region, Ukraine
Authors: Musienko Sergiy , Luk’yanets Volodymyr , Tarnopylska Oksana , Kobets Oleksii , Babenko Vira 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The study was conducted in the forests of the State Enterprise “Gorodotske Forest Economy”, located in the Manevytsko-Volodymyretsky region of the Volyn Polissya in Ukraine. The annosum root rot (Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.) impact on timber merchantability was investigated. The comparison of the cost estimation of stands assortment structure was carried out on the basis of the market value at current selling prices of the State Enterprise “Gorodotske Forest Economy” of the Volyn Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting as of 2017, taking into account the quality and the average length of the assortments. We present a comparative analysis of productivity, merchantability and assortment structure and financial value of timber volume by various assortments of pine and birch stands of the Volyn Polissya region affected by annosum root rot. We found that in the pine plantations, the overall productivity and the value of merchantable wood was higher by 42% in the control sites (areas between the fungal disease centers) as compared with those in the root rot disease centers. In the middle-aged birch-pine stands, the value of merchantable wood was higher than that in pine plantations of 34 the comparable age: by 9% in the disease centers and by 8% in control sites.
Trying to underline geotourist profile of National park visitors: Case study of NP Fruška Gora, Serbia (Typology of potential geotourists at NP Fruška Gora)
Authors: Vasiljević Đorđije A. , Vujičić Miroslav D. , Božić Sanja , Jovanović Tamara , Marković Slobodan B. , Basarin Biljana , Lukić Tin , Čarkadžić Jana 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Geotourists, as visitors with a specific preference for geoheritage and attractive geodiversity, have been identified and typified by many authors worldwide. Considering that Serbia is recognized as an area of geotourism in its initiation phase, this type of research has not been conducted thus far. In spite of global trends, geotourism as a special interest form of travel does not exist in this region, and is principally related to speleotourism and pure admiration of aesthetic values of geodiversity. As one of the first studies of geotourism of such character in Serbia, the research presented within was conducted to reveal whether there is a certain level of interest for geoheritage amongst the general public. The questionnaire was conducted in 2015 on the territory of Vojvodina Province (North Serbia), counting a total of 198 respondents. Bearing in mind the lack of geotourism terminology within the study area, the general public is not familiar with the existence, attractiveness and even degradation of geodiversity. Hence, questions aimed to discover respondents’ habits and tendencies during travel, their attitude in everyday life, particularly towards nature (including the abiotic component). Last of all, the goal of the presented study is also to reveal whether there are certain types of potential geoheritage lovers - geotourists depending on their social-demographic characteristics. With specific profiles identified, results could be later used for geotourism planning, education, promotion and management in the Vojvodina region and wider.
Fluid-rock interaction and dissolution of feldspar in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe tight sandstone, western Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Liu Sibing , Chen Anqing , Shen Zhongmin , Lv Zhengxiang , Zhang Xiaoxing 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Secondary porosity in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe tight sandstone of the western Sichuan Basin is mainly the product of feldspar dissolution. In the Xu-4 Member, the upper reservoir of the Xujiahe Formation, feldspars are dissolved to a significant extent and observations indicate that nearly all feldspars have been dissolved completely, with only 1.73% content of feldspar remaining. In the Xu-2 Member, the lower reservoir, feldspars are well preserved; the current content of feldspar is 12.54% on average, and the secondary porosity derived from feldspar dissolution is less than 1%. Kaolinite occurs almost exclusively in the Xu-4, but it is nearly absent in the Xu-2. The K+ content in the Xu-2 is 3.3 times higher than that in Xu-4. The K+/H+ ratio in the Xu-2 is also higher than that in the Xu-4. These differences between the two reservoirs can be attributed to their distinguishing fluid-rock systems. The low K+ content and relatively high δ18O in the Xu-4 formation water are the result of intensive fluid-rock interaction in an open fluid-rock system. The upper Xu-4 is close to the overlying coal-measures of the Xu-5 from which organic acid flowed into the Xu-4. Meanwhile, K+ contained in sandstone migrated out to the mudstones. The resulting low K+/H+ ratio in the formation water of the Xu-4 was responsible for almost all the feldspar dissolution and kaolinite formation. In contrast, due to the relatively closed fluid-rock system in the Xu-2, K+ did not migrate into adjacent rocks and acidic fluids did not invade, which led to K+-rich formation waters maintaining a high K+/H+ ratio. Hence, K-feldspar was well preserved and kaolinite was completely transformed into illite. Therefore, in contrast to the Xu-2 tight sandstone, the Xu-4 sandstone has relatively higher secondary porosity, which favours the formation of better quality reservoirs.
Five decades of research on mitochondrial NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (complex I)
Authors: Ohnishi Tomoko , Ohnishi S. Tsuyoshi , Salerno John C. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is the largest and most complicated enzyme complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is the entry site into the respiratory chain for most of the reducing equivalents generated during metabolism, coupling electron transfer from NADH to quinone to proton translocation, which in turn drives ATP synthesis. Dysfunction of complex I is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, and it is proposed to be involved in aging. Complex I has one non-covalently bound FMN, eight to 10 iron-sulfur clusters, and protein-associated quinone molecules as electron transport components. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has previously been the most informative technique, especially in membrane in situ analysis. The structure of complex 1 has now been resolved from a number of species, but the mechanisms by which electron transfer is coupled to transmembrane proton pumping remains unresolved. Ubiquinone-10, the terminal electron acceptor of complex I, is detectable by EPR in its one electron reduced, semiquinone (SQ) state. In the aerobic steady state of respiration the semi-ubiquinone anion has been observed and studied in detail. Two distinct protein-associated fast and slow relaxing, SQ signals have been resolved which were designated SQNf and SQNs. This review covers a five decade personal journey through the field leading to a focus on the unresolved questions of the role of the SQ radicals and their possible part in proton pumping.
Surveying languages: the art of governing speakers with numbers
Authors: Duchêne Alexandre , Humbert Philippe N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this article, we propose a historical, political, and critical framework that situates language surveys and censuses as an object of sociolinguistic inquiry. First, we provide a brief history of the production of language statistics that aims to understand why authoritative bodies “need” language statistics, and what political agendas they help fulfil. Second, we highlight the epistemological and methodological challenges that emerge from the creation of language statistics. Third, we focus on the socio-political consequences of language statistics in society, including a focus on the actors and institutions that use or contest numbers in various contexts, and how language statistics impact the (un)equal distribution of resources. We argue that censuses and surveys are always embedded in political projects and constitute a complex combination of scientific and socio-political arguments that shape the way language and speakers are conceived of. As such, we emphasize the importance of recognizing censuses and surveys as a site for sociolinguistic inquiry, while anchoring our understanding of this instrument’s inner workings within the particularities of the historical and political conditions in which they emerge.
“In the mouth of an aborigine”: language ideologies and logics of racialization in the Linguistic Survey of India
Authors: Carlan Hannah 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTheLinguistic Survey of India(LSI), edited and compiled by George Abraham Grierson, was the first systematic effort by the British colonial government to document the spoken languages and dialects of India. While Grierson advocated an approach to philology that dismissed the affinity of language to race, theLSImobilizes a complex, intertextual set of racializing discourses that form the ideological ground upon which representations of language were constructed and naturalized. I analyze a sub-set of theLSI’s volumes in order to demonstrate how Grierson’s linguistic descriptions and categorizations racialize minority languages and their speakers as corrupt, impure, and uncivilized. I highlight how semiotic processes in the text construct speakers as possessing essential “ethnic” characteristics that are seen as indexical of naturalized linguistic differences. I argue that metapragmatic statements within descriptions of languages and dialects are made possible by ethnological discourses that ultimately reinforce an indexical relationship between language and race. This analysis of the survey sheds light on the centrality of language in colonial constructions of social difference in India, as well as the continued importance of language as a tool for legitimating claims for political recognition in postcolonial India.
Computed tomography donor liver volumetry before liver transplantation in infants ≤10 kg: does the estimated graft diameter affect the outcome?
Authors: Schukfeh Nagoud , Schulze Maren , Holland Anna Charlotte , Dingemann Jens , Hoyer Dieter P. , Paul Andreas , Theysohn Jens M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAim of the studyLiving donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is regularly performed in small-sized infants. Computed tomography (CT)-based donor liver volumetry is used to estimate the graft size. The aim of our study was to assess the results of CT liver volumetry and their impact on the clinical outcome after LDLT in extremely small-sized infants.Patients and methodsIn this study, we included all patients with a body weight of ≤10 kg who underwent living related liver transplantation at our centre between January 2004 and December 2014. In all cases of LDLT, a preoperative CT scan of the donor liver was performed, and the total liver and graft volumes were calculated. The graft shape was estimated by measuring the ventro-dorsal (thickness), cranio-caudal, and transversal (width) diameter of segment II/III. We assessed the impact of CT donor liver volumetry and other risk factors on the outcome, defined as patient and graft survival.ResultsIn the study period, a total of 48 living related liver transplantations were performed at our centre in infants ≤10 kg [20 male (42%), 28 female (58%)]. The mean weight was 7.3 kg (range 4.4–10 kg). Among the recipients, 33 (69%) received primary abdominal closure and 15 (31%) had temporary abdominal closure. The patient and graft survival rates were 85% and 81%, respectively. In CT volumetry, the mean estimated graft volume was 255 mL (range 140–485 mL) and the actual measured mean graft weight was 307 g (range 127–463 g). The mean ventro-dorsal diameter of segment II/III was 6.9 cm (range 4.3–11.2 cm), the mean cranio-caudal diameter was 9 cm (range 5–14 cm), and the mean width was 10.5 cm (range 6–14.7 cm). The mean graft-body weight ratio (GBWR) was 4.38% (range 1.41–8.04%). A high graft weight, a GBWR >4%, and a large ventro-dorsal diameter of segment II/III were risk factors for poorer patient survival.ConclusionPreoperative assessment of the graft size is a crucial investigation before LDLT. For extremely small-sized recipients, not only the graft weight but also the graft shape seems to affect the outcome.
The E-Patient
Authors: Kovachev Ljubomir S. , Tonchev Pencho T. , Nedialkov Kiril L. 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Advanced information technologies have entered all spheres of human activities. In healthcare, this happens much too fast and encompasses all its branches. How does the Internet form the relationship between patients and medical staff? What information do patients seek and how do they get it? What problems arise during the communication process via new means? How can we describe an e-patient? How does the Internet model the doctor-patient relationship in case of cancer, one of the most dramatic diseases? Are students prepared to face an e-patient and how are they trained to do it? What is to be done to optimize internet communication between patients and health providers? This review analyzes information on these issues and outlines some opportunities for solving problems arising against the background of IT use in health care.
Work Ability of Machinery Manufacturing Employees
Authors: Sandeva Gergana N. , Deliradeva Rositsa P. , Gidikova Pavlina L. 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Assessment of work ability is an important aspect of occupational medical services, the main goal being to maintain employees’ health, well-being and efficiency. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the work ability of workers employed by two machinery factories. We used the Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaire to assess 165 workers of an iron casting factory A and 166 workers in a press-forging plant B. The data obtained were evaluated and compared based on gender, age, length of service and occupation. Mean WAI for the two factories were almost identical (43.3±4.9 for Factory A and 43.3±4.6 for Factory B), both indicating good overall work ability. The lowest mean WAI (37.7) was registered for the crane operators from Factory B, and the highest (47.2) - for the molders in Factory A. The female production workers in Factory A had a significantly lower WAI as compared to their male counterparts (p=0.001). WAI also varied significantly between different age groups and occupations in the two plants. Significant negative correlations were found between work ability and length of service, as well as between psychological resources and gender (Factory A) and the length of service (Factory B). WAI is a useful tool in finding vulnerable workers who need more attention from occupational health specialists.
Prognostic Biomarkers in Early-Stage B-CLL Patients
Authors: Popova Vanya S. , Blajeva Svetla O. , Alexandrova Margarita L. , Lukanov Tsvetan H. , Naneva Silvia Y. , Tzvetkov Nikolay T. 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It belongs to the group of indolent lymphoproliferative disorders and has a slow clinical course. Approximately 50% of newly diagnosed patients do not require treatment for years. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease has led to the development of models for assessment of the risk.
Our study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the serum marker beta-2 microglobulin (82M) and the flow cytometric marker CD49d in patients with early-stage of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) as well as look for a correlation between CD 49d and the early stages of the disease. For this purpose, analysis of 30 untreated patients with known and newly diagnosed B-CLL was carried out. The following methods were used: documentary, flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood, Rai staging system and chi-square test of independence (Fisher’s Exact Test). The results from our study showed that a small number of patients in the early stage of the disease have high levels of CD49d expression and beta-2 microglobulins. In eight of 29 patients, the flow cytometric marker was higher than 30%, and in ten out of 29 patients, the B2M was above the reference range. No significant correlation between the two markers in early stage B-CLL patients was found.
Biased Lung Cancer Risk Perceptions: Smokers are Misinformed
Authors: Ziebarth Nicolas R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates biased beliefs about the risks of smoking. First, it confirms the established tendency of people tooverestimate the lifetime risk of a smoker to contract lung cancer. In this paper’s survey, almost half of all respondents overestimate this risk. However, 80%underestimate lung cancer deadliness. In reality, less than one in five patients survive five years after a lung cancer diagnosis. Due to the broad underestimation of the lung cancer deadliness, the lifetime risk of a smoker to die of lung cancer is underestimated by almost half of all respondents. Smokers who do not plan to quit are significantly more likely to underestimate this overall mortality risk.