bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MIND not Mediterranean diet related to 12‐year incidence of cognitive impairment in an Australian longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Hosking Diane E. , Eramudugolla Ranmalee , Cherbuin Nicolas , Anstey Kaarin J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionAssociations between the Mediterranean‐DASH diet Intervention for Neurological Delay (MIND) diet and incidence of cognitive impairment have not been evaluated outside the United States.MethodsWe investigated MIND and Mediterranean diet relations with 12‐year incidence of Alzheimer's disease/Vascular dementia (National Institute of Neurological Disorders criteria) and mild cognitive impairment (Winbald criteria) in the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life cohort (n = 1220) set in Canberra, Australia: wave‐1 2001‐2002; wave‐2 2005‐2006; wave‐3 2009‐2010; and wave‐4 2013‐2014.MIND diet and two alternate Mediterranean diet scores were calculated from the baseline food frequency questionnaire responses. Higher dietary scores signified greater adherence.ResultsIn adjusted logistic regression models, MIND diet (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.24, 0.91), but not Mediterranean diet, was associated with reduced odds of 12‐year cognitive impairment.DiscussionPreliminary evidence suggests that protective effects of the MIND diet are geographically generalizable. Additional prospective studies are needed in diverse samples to determine the relative effects of the MIND and the Mediterranean diets against cognitive decline.
Living with Migraine in Canada – A National Community-Based Study
Authors: Altura Kristianne Chelsea , Patten Scott B. , Williams Jeanne V. A. , Fiest Kirsten M. , Jetté Nathalie 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Objective:To develop a detailed profile of individuals living with migraine in Canada. Such a profile is important for planning and administration of services.Methods:The 2011–2012 Survey of Living with Neurological Conditions in Canada (SLNCC), a cross-sectional community-based survey, was used to examine a representative sample of migraineurs (N= 949) aged 15 years and older. Several health-related variables were examined (e.g., general health, health utility index (HUI) [a measure of health status and health-related quality of life, where dead = 0.00 and perfect health = 1.00], stigma, depression, and social support). Respondents were further stratified by sex, age, and age of migraine onset. Weighted overall and stratified prevalence estimates and odds ratios, both with 95% CIs, were used to estimate associations.Results:Overall, males had poorer health status compared with females (e.g., mean HUI was 0.67 in males vs. 0.82 in females; men had over two times the odds of their migraine limiting educational and job opportunities compared with females). Poorer health-related variables were seen in the older age groups (35–64 years/≥65 years) compared with the 15–34-year age group. There were no differences between those whose migraine symptoms began before versus after the age of 20 years.Conclusions:In this Canadian sample, migraine was associated with worse health-related variables in men compared with women. However, both men and women were significantly affected by migraine across various health-related variables. Thus, it is important to improve clinical and public health interventions addressing the impact of migraine across individuals of all ages, sexes, and sociodemographic backgrounds.
Interfacial phenomena in immiscible liquids subjected to vibrations in microgravity
Authors: Salgado Sánchez P. , Yasnou V. , Gaponenko Y. , Mialdun A. , Porter J. , Shevtsova V. 
Published: February 2019

We consider the response to periodic forcing between 5 Hz and 50 Hz of an interface separating immiscible fluids under the microgravity conditions of a parabolic flight. Two pairs of liquids with viscosity ratios differing by one order of magnitude are investigated. By combining experimental data with numerical simulations, we describe a variety of dynamics including harmonic and subharmonic (Faraday) waves, frozen waves and drop ejection, determining their thresholds and scaling properties when possible. Interaction between these various modes is facilitated in microgravity by the relative ease with which the interface can move, altering its orientation with respect to the forcing axis. The effects of key factors controlling pattern selection are analysed, including vibrational forcing, viscosity ratio, finite-size effects and residual gravity. Complex behaviour often arises with features on several spatial scales, such as Faraday waves excited on the interface of a larger columnar structure that develops due to the frozen wave instability – this type of state was previously seen in miscible fluid experiments but is described for the first time here in the immiscible case.
Racial and ethnic differences in predictors of vitamin D among pregnant women in south-eastern USA
Authors: Chawla Devika , Daniels Julie L. , Benjamin-Neelon Sara E. , Fuemmeler Bernard F. , Hoyo Cathrine , Buckley Jessie P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInsufficient vitamin D during pregnancy increases risk of adverse outcomes, with known differences by race/ethnicity. We sought to determine whether predictors of vitamin D insufficiency vary by race/ethnicity in an ethnically diverse pregnancy cohort. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and patient characteristics were measured at first prenatal visit to prenatal clinics in south-eastern USA between 2009 and 2011 (n 504). Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 % CI were estimated using multivariable regression to quantify predictors of vitamin D insufficiency, overall and by race/ethnicity. In race/ethnicity-stratified models, season was most associated with vitamin D insufficiency among non-Hispanic white women; PR for winter v. summer were 3·58 (95 % CI 1·64, 7·81) for non-Hispanic white, 1·52 (95 % CI 1·18, 1·95) for Hispanic and 1·14 (95 % CI 0·99, 1·30) for non-Hispanic black women. Although women with darker skin tones are most vulnerable to prenatal vitamin D insufficiency, season may be more strongly associated with insufficiency among women with lighter skin tones.
Molecular identification of zoonotic hookworms in dogs from four counties of Kenya
Authors: Mulinge E. , Njenga S.M. , Odongo D. , Magambo J. , Zeyhle E. , Mbae C. , Kagendo D. , Kanyi H. , Traub R.J. , Wassermann M. , Kern P. , Romig T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAll canine hookworms are known to be zoonotic, causing infections ranging from transient skin irritations to prolonged ‘creeping eruptions’, eosinophilic enteritis and even patent intestinal infections. There is little information on canine hookworm species and their public health significance in sub-Saharan Africa. This study determined the prevalence and species of hookworms in dogs from different climatic zones of Kenya. Dog faecal samples were collected from the environment, and hookworm eggs were isolated by zinc chloride flotation and subjected to DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2, 5.8S and 28S ribosomal RNA ofAncylostomaspp. andUncinaria stenocephalawere performed, and hookworm species were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or DNA sequencing. Hookworm eggs were detected by microscopy in 490/1621 (30.23%, 95% CI 28.01–32.54) faecal samples. Estimates of faecal prevalence were high in counties receiving higher rainfall (Narok 46.80%, Meru 44.88%) and low in those with a more arid climate (Isiolo 19.73%, Turkana 11.83%). In a subset of 70 faecal samples,Ancylostoma caninum(n = 59) was the most common species, followed byA. braziliense(n = 10) andA.cf.duodenale(n = 1). This study reports for the first time the detection ofA.cf.duodenalein dog faeces and zoonotic hookworm species in Kenyan dogs. These findings emphasize the need for control measures such as enforcing laws for restraining stray dogs, regular deworming of dogs, and public health awareness programmes aimed at informing communities on outdoor use of footwear.
Assessment of non-response in quality control of nasal septal surgery
Authors: Haye R , Egeland M T , Døsen L K , Gay C , TarAngen M , Shiryaeva O 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of mail non-response on the validity of the results of nasal septal surgery.MethodSix months post-operatively, questionnaires with both prospective and retrospective ratings were mailed to patients. Patients who did not respond (non-responders) were contacted by telephone. This study compared two cohorts of patients using different interviewers (a nurse and a surgeon). Cohort one consisted of 182 patients (with 67 per cent mail response), and cohort two consisted of 454 patients (with 64.8 per cent mail response).ResultsIn both cohorts, the improvement in obstruction scores was significantly better among mail responders than among non-responders (telephone interviewees) using prospective ratings, but worse using retrospective ratings.ConclusionMail responders had better improvement in nasal obstruction after septoplasty than non-responders. Therefore, low response rates may cause an overestimation of the results. The retrospective ratings obtained through telephone interviews are less reliable because they are influenced by memory and the patients’ tendency to give socially acceptable answers.
Longitudinal study of Amphibiocystidium sp. infection in a natural population of the Italian stream frog (Rana italica)
Authors: Fagotti Anna , Rossi Roberta , Canestrelli Daniele , La Porta Gianandrea , Paracucchi Romina , Lucentini Livia , Simoncelli Francesca , Di Rosa Ines 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMesomycetozoean-induced infections (order Dermocystida, genusAmphibiocystidium) in European and North American amphibians are causing alarm. To date, the pathogenicity of these parasites in field conditions has been poorly studied, and demographic consequences on amphibian populations have not been explored. In this study, anAmphibiocystidiumsp. infection is reported in a natural population of the Italian stream frog (Rana italica) of Central Italy, over a 7-year period from 2008 to 2014. Light and electron microscope examinations, as well as partial 18S rDNA sequence analysis were used to characterize the parasite. Moreover, a capture-mark-recapture study was conducted to assess the frog demographics in response to infection. Negative effects of amphibiocystidiosis on individual survival and population fitness were absent throughout the sampling period, despite the high estimates of disease prevalence. This might have been due to resistance and/or tolerance strategies developed by the frogs in response to the persistence ofAmphibiocystidiuminfection in this system. We hypothesized that in the examinedR. italicapopulation, amphibiocystidiosis is an ongoing endemic/epidemic infection. However, ecological and host-specific factors, interacting in a synergistic fashion, might be responsible for variations in the susceptibility toAmphibiocystidiuminfection of both conspecific populations and heterospecific individuals ofR. italica.
Psychological and social outcomes of sport participation for older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Kim Amy Chan Hyung , Park So Hyun , Kim Sanghoon , Fontes-Comber Ashlee 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSport participation is well known to promote health outcomes for children and adolescents. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence about the psychological and social outcomes of sport participation for older adults. This article provides the results of a systematic review of the psychological and social outcomes of sport participation for older adults. A systematic review of seven electronic databases was conducted and a total of 21 studies published that attended to psychological and/or social health benefits from sport participation of older adults (50 years old and over) were included. The outcomes of older adults’ sport participation included life satisfaction, depression, anxiety, stress, mood state, hedonistic values, socialisation, competition, and personal psychological outcomes such as personal empowerment, self-confidence, self-esteem and resistance to the negative view of ageing. Future studies are needed to conceptualise and operationalise the different levels of involvement of sport participation.
Countable additivity, idealization, and conceptual realism
Authors: Liu Yang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the issue of finite versus countable additivity in Bayesian probability and decision theory – in particular, Savage’s theory of subjective expected utility and personal probability. I show that Savage’s reason for not requiring countable additivity in his theory is inconclusive. The assessment leads to an analysis of various highly idealized assumptions commonly adopted in Bayesian theory, where I argue that a healthy dose of, what I call, conceptual realism is often helpful in understanding the interpretational value of sophisticated mathematical structures employed in applied sciences like decision theory. In the last part, I introduce countable additivity into Savage’s theory and explore some technical properties in relation to other axioms of the system.
Outcomes and Impacts of 10-Year HTA Implementation in Taiwan
Authors: Kao Kai-Ling , Huang Li-Ying , Wu Yen-Hui , Gau Churn-Shiouh 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesIn 2007, Taiwan began conducting health technology assessments (HTA) to support the National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA) in its reimbursement decisions for drugs, medical devices, and medical services.MethodsIn this study, the development, missions, and procedures of the implementation of HTA in Taiwan are briefly introduced. Moreover, the value of HTA is examined by reviewing the outcomes and impacts of recent HTA-related research projects, which are classified into five categories: (i) pharmaceutical products, (ii) medical procedures, (iii) medical devices, (iv) health policy, and (v) social care.ResultsOverall, the 10-year implementation of HTA has not only supported the government's decision making but also enhanced patient care. Furthermore, patient evidence has been highlighted, and patient care pathways have been transformed through patient involvement in HTA.ConclusionsIn conclusion, HTA's value has been determined by both government and social aspects in Taiwan.
Interactive effects of temperature, carbon dioxide and watering regime on seed germinability of two genotypes ofArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Abo Gamar Mohammad I. , Qaderi Mirwais M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe examined the combined effects of temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) and watering regime during seed maturation on subsequent germinability and total phenolics ofArabidopsis thaliana[wild-type (WT) andabi1-1mutant] seeds. Mature seeds were collected from plants that were grown under lower (22/18°C, 16 h light and 8 h dark) or higher (28/24°C, 16 h light and 8 h dark) temperatures, at ambient (400 μmol mol–1) or elevated (700 μmol mol–1) CO2concentration, and well-watered or water-stressed. Germinated and non-germinated (viable, rotten and empty) seed percentages, germination rate and total phenolics were determined for both genotypes. Higher maturation temperatures increased seed germination percentage, but decreased germination rate, percentage of rotten and non-germinated viable seeds, and total phenolics. Elevated CO2increased seed total phenolics. Water stress decreased the percentage of non-germinated viable seeds. Neither of the two latter factors affected other measured parameters. Seeds of theabi1-1mutant had higher total phenolics. The fate of seeds was mostly affected by higher temperatures and water stress. Also, seeds of theabi1-1mutant had higher germination rate, empty seed percentage and total phenolics than seeds of the WT genotype. Germination percentage was highest for the WT seeds that matured on the water-stressed plants that were grown under higher temperatures at ambient CO2. It can be concluded that higher temperatures had highest effects on seed germinability and other parameters, and elevated CO2did not alleviate the negative effects of higher temperatures on seed viability.
Enhanced Recruitment During Executive Control Processing in Cognitively Preserved Patients With Pediatric-Onset MS
Authors: Barlow-Krelina Emily , Turner Gary R. , Akbar Nadine , Banwell Brenda , Lysenko Magdalena , Yeh E. Ann , Narayanan Sridar , Collins D. Louis , Aubert-Broche Bérengère , Till Christine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectives: Youth and young adults with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) are vulnerable to executive dysfunction; however, some patients do not demonstrate functional deficits despite showing abnormalities on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cognitively intact adults with MS have shown enhanced activation patterns relative to healthy controls on working memory tasks. We aim to evaluate whether cognitively preserved pediatric-onset MS patients engage compensatory recruitment strategies to facilitate age-normative performance on a task of working memory. Methods: Twenty cognitively preserved patients (mean age=18.7±2.7 years; 15 female) and 20 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age=18.5±2.9 years; 15 female) underwent neuropsychological testing and 3.0 Tesla MRI, including structural and functional acquisitions. Patterns of activation during the Alphaspan task, a working memory paradigm with two levels of executive control demand, were examined via whole-brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses. Results: Across all participants, lower accuracy and greater activation of regions implicated in working memory were observed during the high demand condition. MS patients demonstrated 0.21 s longer response time than controls. ROI analyses revealed enhanced activation for pediatric-onset MS patients relative to controls in the right middle frontal, left paracingulate, right supramarginal, and left superior parietal gyri during the low executive demand condition, over and above differences in response time. MS patients also demonstrated heightened activation in the right supramarginal gyrus in the high executive demand condition. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that pediatric-onset MS patients may engage compensatory recruitment strategies during working memory processing. (JINS, 2019, 25, 432–442)
Funding Defined Benefit pension schemes: an integrated risk management approach
Authors: Cowling C. A. , Fisher H. J. , Powe K. J. , Sheth J. P. , Wright M. W. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The last 12 years have seen the evolution of a new funding regime under the supervision of the Pensions Regulator. Over this period, there has been significant turbulence in financial markets, including record low interest rates. This paper takes a critical look at the development of funding approaches and methodologies over this period. It analyses the Pensions Regulator guidance and how scheme specific actuarial methods have emerged since the move away from the Minimum Funding Requirement in 2001 and the introduction of the Scheme Specific Funding Requirements in 2005. It asks whether these new methodologies have been successful from the perspective of members, trustees, employers and shareholders. At a time when actuarial valuation methodologies have faced considerable criticism, this paper aims to propose a pension funding methodology which is fit for purpose and also reflects the latest guidance from the Pensions Regulator on integrated risk management.
Frequency of eating alone is associated with adolescent dietary intake, perceived food-related parenting practices and weight status: cross-sectional Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) Study results
Authors: Reicks Marla , Davey Cynthia , Anderson Alex Kojo , Banna Jinan , Cluskey Mary , Gunther Carolyn , Jones Blake , Richards Rickelle , Topham Glade , Wong Siew Sun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine relationships between frequency of adolescents eating alone (dependent variable) and diet, weight status and perceived food-related parenting practices (independent variables).DesignAnalyses of publicly available, cross-sectional, web-based survey data from adolescents.SettingOnline consumer opinion panel.SubjectsA US nationwide sample of adolescents (12–17 years) completed Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) Study surveys to report demographic and family meal characteristics, weight, dietary intake, home food availability and perceptions of parenting practices. Parents provided information about demographic characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations between variables.ResultsAbout 20 % of adolescents reported often eating alone (n 343) v. not often eating alone (n 1309). Adjusted odds of adolescents often eating alone were significantly higher for non-Hispanic Black compared with non-Hispanic White adolescents (OR=1·7) and for overweight or obese compared with normal- or underweight adolescents (OR=1·6). Adjusted odds of adolescents eating alone were significantly lower for those who reported that fruits and vegetables were often/always available in the home (OR=0·65), for those who perceived that parents had expectations about fruit and vegetable intake (OR=0·71) and for those who agreed with parental authority to make rules about intake of junk food/sugary drinks (OR=0·71). Junk food and sugary drink daily intake frequency was positively associated with often eating alone.ConclusionsOften eating alone was related to being overweight/obese, having less healthy dietary intake and perceptions of less supportive food-related parenting practices.
Optimizing Answer Set Computation via Heuristic-Based Decomposition
Authors: CALIMERI FRANCESCO , PERRI SIMONA , ZANGARI JESSICA 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnswer Set Programming (ASP) is a purely declarative formalism developed in the field of logic programming and non-monotonic reasoning: computational problems are encoded by logic programs whose answer sets, corresponding to solutions, are computed by an ASP system. Different, semantically equivalent, programs can be defined for the same problem; however, performance of systems evaluating them might significantly vary. We propose an approach for automatically transforming an input logic program into an equivalent one that can be evaluated more efficiently. One can make use of existing tree-decomposition techniques for rewriting selected rules into a set of multiple ones; the idea is to guide and adaptively apply them on the basis of proper new heuristics, to obtain a smart rewriting algorithm to be integrated into an ASP system. The method is rather general: it can be adapted to any system and implement different preference policies. Furthermore, we define a set of new heuristics tailored at optimizing grounding, one of the main phases of the ASP computation; we use them in order to implement the approach into the ASP systemDLV, in particular into its grounding subsystemℐ-DLV, and carry out an extensive experimental activity for assessing the impact of the proposal.