bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure Evolution in Cold-Rolled Pure Titanium: Modeling by the Three-Scale Crystal Plasticity Approach Accounting for Twinning
Authors: Frydrych Karol , Kowalczyk-Gajewska Katarzyna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A three-scale crystal plasticity model is applied to simulate microstructure evolution in hcp titanium subjected to cold rolling. Crystallographic texture and misorientation angle development, as an indicator of grain refinement, are studied. The impact of twinning activity on both phenomena is accounted for by combining the original three-scale formulation with the probabilistic twin-volume consistent (PTVC) reorientation scheme. The modeling results are compared with available experimental data. It is shown that the simulated textures are in accordance with the experimental measurements. The basic components of misorientation angle distribution, especially in the range of high angle boundaries, are also well reproduced.
Relationship between frailty and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A scoping review
Authors: Wallace Lindsay , Theou Olga , Rockwood Kenneth , Andrew Melissa K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionFrailty and dementia appear to be closely linked, although mechanisms remain unclear. The objective was to conduct a scoping review of the association between frailty and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in humans.MethodsThree databases, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase, were searched for articles using the following search terms: “frail elderly”, “Alzheimer's disease”, “dementia biomarkers” and their synonyms. Inclusion was limited to original research in humans published before 2017, which included a frailty measure and AD biomarker (fluid markers, neuroimaging, and neuropathology).ResultsFive hundred twenty‐two articles were identified and screened; 10 were included. Most were cross‐sectional (n = 6), measured the frailty phenotype (n = 6), and included people with dementia (n = 7). Biomarkers examined were postmortem AD pathology (n = 3), brain atrophy (n = 5), and in vivo fluid markers (n = 2). Eight studies reported that increased frailty was associated with at least one biomarker abnormality.DiscussionEvidence is limited and suffers from design limitations but suggests that frailty and AD biomarkers are closely linked. Longitudinal research examining multiple biomarkers and frailty is warranted.
The risk of fall accidents for home dwellers with dementia—A register‐ and population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Petersen Jindong Ding , Siersma Volkert Dirk , Christensen René dePont , Storsveen Maria Munch , Nielsen Connie Thurøe , Waldorff Frans Boch 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionInstitutionalized people with dementia have an increased risk of fall accidents, but little is known about whether this increased risk holds for home dwellers.MethodsThis register‐ and population‐based study comprised 115,584 cases and 394,679 controls. Cases were individuals with any fall between 2009 and 2014, and matched with up to six controls on age, sex, and geographic location. Individuals were excluded if they (1) had any fall in 2008, or (2) lived in a nursing home on the date of the fall. Dementia, other chronic diseases, and sedative medicines were assessed from Danish national registers.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, older people with dementia living at home had a 1.89‐fold higher risk of fall (odds ratio = 1.89, 95% confidence interval [1.84–1.94], P < .001).DiscussionDementia almost doubles the risk of fall for older Danish people living at home. This highlights the need for effective fall preventions that target people with dementia.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of psychotic depression in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Nietola Miika , Heiskala Anni , Nordström Tanja , Miettunen Jouko , Korkeila Jyrki , Jääskeläinen Erika 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground:Psychotic depression (PD) is heavily understudied despite high mortality and the severe course of illness. A majority of the studies conducted so far are also largely based on selected clinical samples. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics of PD in a representative prospective birth cohort sample.Methods:The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 is a well-known prospective population-based cohort including 12 058 people followed since mid-pregnancy. We identified 55 individuals with PD, analysed their characteristics and compared them with schizophrenia (SZ), non-psychotic depression (NPD), psychotic bipolar disorder (PBD) and other psychoses (PNOS).Results:The life-time prevalence of stable (no conversion to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder) PD was 0.5%. PD subjects were older than SZ and PNOS subjects during the first psychotic episode and compared to SZ, more often female. PD required hospitalization and transition to disability pension more often than NPD, but less often than SZ. Comorbid alcohol abuse disorder (44%) and personality disorder (40%) were highly common in PD. PNOS had a similar occupational outcome than PD but hospitalization rate was lower in the PNOS group. PBD and PD had mostly comparable outcomes.Conclusions:Our findings in a naturalistic cohort support the notion that the course of illness in PD is mostly similar to that of PBD, it is less severe than in schizophrenia, but worse than in non-psychotic depression. PD seems to have high psychiatric comorbidity.
Increased risk of dementia in patients with Schizophrenia: A population-based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ching-En , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Chen Li-Fen , Chi Mei-Ju 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground:The extent to which schizophrenia is associated with the risk of all-cause dementia is controversial. This study investigated the risk of dementia by type in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Data were collected from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Database 2005 and analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models to determine the effect of schizophrenia on the dementia risk after adjusting for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and medications. Fine and Gray's competing risk analysis was used to determine the risk of dementia, as death can act as a competing risk factor for dementia.Results:We assessed 6040 schizophrenia patients and 24,160 propensity scale-matched control patients. Schizophrenia patients exhibited a 1.80-fold risk of dementia compared to controls (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36 ∼ 2.21,p <0.001) after adjusting for covariates. Cardiovascular disease (aHR = 5.26; 95% CI = 4.50 ∼ 6.72;p <0.001), hypertension (aHR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.77 ∼ 2.04;p= 0.002), traumatic head injury (aHR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.24 ∼ 1.78;p <0.001), chronic lung diseases (aHR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.13 ∼ 2.56;p <0.001), alcohol-related disorders (aHR = 3.67; 95% CI = 2.68 ∼ 4.92;p <0.001), and Parkinson’s disease (aHR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.25 ∼ 2.40;p <0.001) were significantly associated with dementia risk. Notably, first-generation antipsychotics (aHR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.56 ∼ 0.95;p=0.044) and second-generation antipsychotics (aHR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.11 ∼ 0.60;p <0.001) were associated with a lower dementia risk. Sensitivity tests yielded consistent findings after excluding the first year and first 3 years of observation. Patients with schizophrenia had the highest risk of developing Alzheimer’s [dementia/disease?] among dementia subtypes (aHR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.88 ∼ 3.86;p< 0.001), followed by vascular dementia (aHR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.27 ∼ 2.12;p< 0.001) and unspecified dementia (aHR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.04 ∼ 2.01;p< 0.001).Conclusions:Schizophrenia was significantly associated with the risk of all-cause dementia. Data are scarce on the mechanisms through which antipsychotic agents protect persons with schizophrenia from developing dementia. Further research is recommended to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the association between schizophrenia and dementia, and whether antipsychotics protect against the development of dementia in schizophrenia.
Patient centric measures for a patient centric era: Agreement and convergent between ratings on The Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale and the Clinical Global Impressions – Improvement (CGI-S) scale in bipolar and major depressive disorder
Authors: Mohebbi M. , Dodd S. , Dean O.M. , Berk M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground:Concordant with an increased emphasis on consumer engagement, the Patient Global Impression Scale of Improvement (PGI-I) is commonly used as an outcome measure in studies evaluating the efficacy of treatments in medical and psychiatric conditions with subjective symptom domains. The current study evaluated the agreement between PGI-I and Clinician Global Impression Scale of Improvement (CGI-I) ratings and convergent validity of PGI-I among individuals with bipolar or major depressive disorders.Method:Data were derived from three double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre studies conducted from 2007 to 2015 among adult individuals (N = 472). Clinicians were asked to rate participants symptoms using the CGI-I as well as severity of depression by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression (MADRS), quality of life (Q-LES-Q), social and occupational functioning (SOFAS), and functional impairment (LIFE–RIFT). Participants were asked to assess their symptom improvement with the PGI-I. Bland-Altman agreement plots and Intra-class correlations were used to evaluate agreement, and Spearman correlation coefficients were implemented to examine convergent validity. Sub-group analyses for disorder type (bipolar and major depression) were performed.Results:There was high agreement between the PGI-I and CGI-I ratings across follow-up time points (weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28). Similar results were observed in male only and female only data and after adjustment for age and gender. Both PGI-I and CGI-I ratings were robustly positively correlated with MADRS, and LIFE-RIFT and negatively correlated with SOFAS and Q-LES-Q, supporting the convergent validity of the PGI-I. Sub-group analyses for bipolar and major depressive disorder showed similar findings.Conclusion:Our findings support the utility of the PGI-I as a participant rated measure of global improvement among individuals with bipolar or major depressive disorders.
Evidence-based perioperative management of a child with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) undergoing elective surgery; A systematic review
Authors: Lema Girmay Fitiwi , Berhe Yophtahe Woldegerima , Gebrezgi Amare Hailekiros , Getu Ayechew Adera 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
Upper respiratory tract infections are frequently encountered medical problems in paediatric age groups. Children with less than five years may have six up to seven episodes of URTIs per year with each lasting up to two weeks. The issue of whether to proceed with elective surgery on a child with an URTI has been source of debate for many years. The rationale of this review was to avoid traditional approach of blanket cancellation of surgery by stratified risk factors as well as optimization of the patients. Furthermore, this review summarized current evidences regarding perioperative anaesthetic management of children with URTIs.

Methods:
The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Search engines like PubMed through HINARI, Cochrane database and Google Scholars were used to find high-level evidences that help to draw appropriate conclusions.

Discussion:
Performing anaesthesia in children with URTIs increases the risk of perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) like laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and desaturation and breath holding.

Conclusion:
Children with mild and moderate URTIs can safely anaesthetized with optimal preparation and optimization of the patient in the preoperative period. Prevention of stimulation of a potentially irritable airway, use of bronchodilators and induction with propofol are helpful. Furthermore, adequate suppression of airway reflexes with optimal depth of anaesthesia is highly recommended.

Highlights:
Product competition, managerial discretion, and manufacturing recalls in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Ball George P. , Shah Rachna , Wowak Kaitlin D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEmpirical research examining whether and how competition influences product recalls is limited. We address this important research gap by creating a novel measure of product competition using data from the Food and Drug Administration's Orange Book, and combining it with product recall data across a 12‐year period. Our results show that product competition is positively associated with manufacturing‐related recalls, providing evidence of a possible downside to competition in the pharmaceutical industry. Although competition is fostered by numerous federal regulations, we find that it may encourage companies to relax quality standards during the manufacturing process, which may result in lower quality products. We also find that this relationship is contingent on managerial discretion surrounding the recall decision. While product competition is associated with an increase in high severity, low discretion recalls, it is associated with a decrease in low severity, high discretion recalls. Findings from this study have critical implications for policy‐makers who regulate product competition in the pharmaceutical industry.
Impaired cutaneous T‐cell attracting chemokine elevation and adipose‐derived stromal cell migration in a high‐glucose environment cause poor diabetic wound healing
Authors: Wang Wei‐Ting , Lee Su‐Shin , Wang Ya‐Chin , Lai Ya‐Wei , Kuo Yur‐Ren , Tang Chen Yueh‐Bih , Liu Yu‐Sen , Wu Yi‐Chia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDiabetic wound care is a major health care concern. The major cause of non‐healing of wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) patients mainly involves poor glycemic control, which hinders the migration of progenitor cells including mesenchymal stem cells to the wound site. In this study, we introduced adipose‐derived stromal cells (ADSCs) into wound sites and demonstrated that the local transplantation of ADSCs accelerated DM‐related wound healing. Furthermore, the migration ability of ADSCs, which diminishes in a high‐glucose environment, was partially restored by the exogenous replenishment of the cutaneous T‐cell attracting chemokine (CTACK/CCL27). Our findings suggest that CTACK is a potential novel therapeutic target in DM‐related wound healing.
Large-scale generation and analysis of filamentous fungal DNA barcodes boosts coverage for kingdom fungi and reveals thresholds for fungal species and higher taxon delimitation
Authors: Vu D. , Groenewald M. , de Vries M. , Gehrmann T. , Stielow B. , Eberhardt U. , Al-Hatmi A. , Groenewald J.Z. , Cardinali G. , Houbraken J. , Boekhout T. , Crous P.W. , Robert V. , Verkley G.J.M. 
Published: May 2018

Species identification lies at the heart of biodiversity studies that has in recent years favoured DNA-based approaches. Microbial Biological Resource Centres are a rich source for diverse and high-quality reference materials in microbiology, and yet the strains preserved in these biobanks
have been exploited only on a limited scale to generate DNA barcodes. As part of a project funded in the Netherlands to barcode specimens of major national biobanks, sequences of two nuclear ribosomal genetic markers, the Internal Transcribed Spaces and 5.8S gene (ITS) and the D1/D2 domain
of the 26S Large Subunit (LSU), were generated as DNA barcode data for ca. 100 000 fungal strains originally assigned to ca. 17 000 species in the CBS fungal biobank maintained at the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht. Using more than 24 000 DNA barcode
sequences of 12 000 ex-type and manually validated filamentous fungal strains of 7 300 accepted species, the optimal identity thresholds to discriminate filamentous fungal species were predicted as 99.6 % for ITS and 99.8 % for LSU. We showed that 17 % and 18 %
of the species could not be discriminated by the ITS and LSU genetic markers, respectively. Among them, ∼8 % were indistinguishable using both genetic markers. ITS has been shown to outperform LSU in filamentous fungal species discrimination with a probability of correct identification
of 82 % vs. 77.6 %, and a clustering quality value of 84 % vs. 77.7 %. At higher taxonomic classifications, LSU has been shown to have a better discriminatory power than ITS. With a clustering quality value of 80 %, LSU outperformed ITS in identifying filamentous fungi
at the ordinal level. At the generic level, the clustering quality values produced by both genetic markers were low, indicating the necessity for taxonomic revisions at genus level and, likely, for applying more conserved genetic markers or even whole genomes. The taxonomic thresholds predicted
for filamentous fungal identification at the genus, family, order and class levels were 94.3 %, 88.5 %, 81.2 % and 80.9 % based on ITS barcodes, and 98.2 %, 96.2 %, 94.7 % and 92.7 % based on LSU barcodes. The DNA barcodes used in this study have been
deposited to GenBank and will also be publicly available at the Westerdijk Institute's website as reference sequences for fungal identification, marking an unprecedented data release event in global fungal barcoding efforts to date.
ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Following a Crotalus horridus Envenomation
Authors: Simpson Christian H. , Richardson William H. , Swartzentruber Greg S. , Lloyd Vincent J. 
Published: May 2018

Cardiac ischemia or myocardial infarction after pit viper envenomation is rare. Few case reports have been published, none describing cases reported after crotaline snake envenomation in the United States. We report a case of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurring in a 73-year-old man after an envenomation by a juvenile canebrake rattlesnake ( Crotalus horridus). The man was bitten on the left index finger and subsequently developed localized edema followed by hypotension, chest pain, and altered mental status. His initial electrocardiogram revealed ST-segment elevation in the inferior and lateral leads. His hospital course included emergent left heart catheterization with thrombectomy and cardiac stent placement. This case captures the unique medical situation involving the approach to treatment and management of a patient with a severe crotaline envenomation complicated by a STEMI.
Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets incorporated antireflective silica coating with enhanced laser-induced damage threshold
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Chunhong , Hu Wenjie , Han Wei , Zhu Qihua , Xu Yao 
Published: May 2018

Boron nitride (BN) nanosheets incorporated silica antireflective (AR) coating was successfully prepared on fused silica substrate to improve the antilaser-damage ability of transmissive optics used in high-power laser systems. The BN nanosheets were obtained by urea assisted solid exfoliation, and then incorporated into basic-catalyzed silica sols without any further treatment. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images indicated that the BN nanosheets generally consisted of 2–10 layers. The antireflective BN/$\text{SiO}_{2}$ coating exhibited excellent transmittance as high as 99.89% at 351 nm wavelength on fused silica substrate. The thermal conductivity $0.135~\text{W}\cdot \text{m}^{-1}\cdot \text{K}^{-1}$ of the BN/$\text{SiO}_{2}$ coating with 10% BN addition was about 23% higher than $0.11~\text{W}\cdot \text{m}^{-1}\cdot \text{K}^{-1}$ of the pure $\text{SiO}_{2}$ AR coating. The laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of that BN/$\text{SiO}_{2}$ coating is also 23.1% higher than that of pure $\text{SiO}_{2}$ AR coating. This research provides a potential application of BN/$\text{SiO}_{2}$ coatings in high-power laser systems.
Hyena as a predator of small mammals? Taphonomic analysis from the site of Bois Roche, France
Authors: Williams Jim , Andrews Peter , García-Morato Sara , Villa Paola , Fernández-Jalvo Yolanda 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFeeding behaviors may differ between past and current predators due to differences in the environments inhabited by these species at different times. We provide an example of this behavioral variability in spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), for which our analysis of a late Pleistocene micromammal assemblage indicates that hyenas preyed upon small rodents, a feeding habit that is rarely observed today among hyenas.The Bois Roche cave site is situated at the edge of a low bluff overlooking the floodplain of a small stream in Cherves-Richemont (Charente, France). The deposits are dated by electron spin resonance (ESR) to about 69.7 ± 4.1 Ka. Excavations at the site recovered fossil bones and teeth of large and small mammals, together with hyena coprolites. Water screening of the sediments produced large accumulations of rodent remains with low taxonomic diversity. Small mammal bones were recovered from hyena coprolites as well. Descriptions of small mammal bone modification, both from the sediments and coprolites, are reported here. The analysis yielded a distinct taphonomic pattern representative of large carnivores (over 30 kg), which differs from any other modern or fossil predator-accumulated microfaunal assemblage taphonomically analyzed to date. To our knowledge, previous studies of hyena diet have not recorded high concentrations of a single-rodent prey species. We conclude that the low species diversity of this small mammal assemblage most likely relates to a local abundance of the prey species due to an outbreak in the rodent population, rather than from specialist predator behavior and hunting technique.
Orbits of Selected Globular Clusters in the Galactic Bulge
Authors: Pérez-Villegas A. , Rossi L. , Ortolani S. , Casotto S. , Barbuy B. , Bica E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present orbit analysis for a sample of eight inner bulge globular clusters, together with one reference halo object. We used proper motion values derived from long time base CCD data. Orbits are integrated in both an axisymmetric model and a model including the Galactic bar potential. The inclusion of the bar proved to be essential for the description of the dynamical behaviour of the clusters. We use the Monte Carlo scheme to construct the initial conditions for each cluster, taking into account the uncertainties in the kinematical data and distances. The sample clusters show typically maximum height to the Galactic plane below 1.5 kpc, and develop rather eccentric orbits. Seven of the bulge sample clusters share the orbital properties of the bar/bulge, having perigalactic and apogalatic distances, and maximum vertical excursion from the Galactic plane inside the bar region. NGC 6540 instead shows a completely different orbital behaviour, having a dynamical signature of the thick disc. Both prograde and prograde–retrograde orbits with respect to the direction of the Galactic rotation were revealed, which might characterise a chaotic behaviour.