bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary care influenza‐like illness surveillance in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 2013‐2015
Authors: Todd Stacy , Huong Nguyen Thi Cam , Thanh Nguyen Thi Le , Vy Nguyen Ha Thao , Hung Nguyen Thanh , Thao Tran Thi Nhu , Phuong Huynh Thi , van Doorn Rogier , Hang Vu Thi Ty , Chau Nguyen Van Vinh , Read Jonathan M. , Lalloo David G. , Boni Maciej F. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundYear‐round transmission of influenza has been detected in Vietnam through both national surveillance and other epidemiological studies. Understanding the demographic and clinical features of influenza‐like illness (ILI) presenting to primary care in urban Vietnam is vital to understand these transmission dynamics.MethodsAn observational study of patients with ILI in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, was conducted between August 2013 and November 2015 in a mix of public and private primary care settings. Molecular testing for influenza A and influenza B and 12 other respiratory viruses was performed.ResultsA total of 1152 ILI patients were recruited. 322 and 136 subjects tested positive for influenza A and influenza B, respectively. 193 subjects tested positive for another respiratory virus; most commonly rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus 3. Influenza was detected in 81% of the 116 study weeks. Three peaks of influenza activity were detected; an H3N2 peak April‐June 2014, an influenza B peak July‐December 2014, and a mixed H3N2 and H1N1 peak March‐September 2015. Subjects recruited from private clinics were more likely to have higher income and to have reported previous influenza vaccination. Antibiotic use was common (50.3%) despite limited evidence of bacterial infection.ConclusionInfluenza in southern Vietnam has complex transmission dynamics including periods of intense influenza activity of alternating types and subtypes. Broadening surveillance from hospital to the community in tropical settings is feasible and a valuable for improving our understanding of the global spread and evolution of the virus.
Clinical characteristics and severity of influenza infections by virus type, subtype, and lineage: A systematic literature review
Authors: Caini Saverio , Kroneman Madelon , Wiegers Therese , El Guerche‐Séblain Clotilde , Paget John 
Published: June 2018

AimStudies carried out in the early 2000s found that the number of influenza‐associated hospitalizations and deaths was highest in seasons dominated by A(H3N2), suggesting that the clinical presentation and severity of influenza may differ across virus types, subtypes, and lineages. We aimed to review the studies that examined this hypothesis.MethodWe conducted a literature review of studies published until January 2017 that compared the clinical presentation, disease severity, and case‐fatality ratio of influenza patients infected with different virus types (A, B), subtypes (pre‐pandemic A(H1N1), A(H1N1)p, A(H3N2)), and lineages (Victoria, Yamagata).ResultsThe literature search resulted in over 1700 entries: After applying in‐ and exclusion criteria, 47 studies were included in the literature review. Studies showed a wide diversity in setting and populations. Only a minority of studies provided results adjusted by patient's age and other potential confounders. There were very few differences in the clinical presentation of patients infected with different influenza viruses. We found weak evidence that the A(H1N1)p subtype in the post‐pandemic period was more often associated with secondary bacterial pneumonia, ICU admission, and death, than the other influenza virus (sub)types.ConclusionContrary to what is commonly assumed, the causal virus subtype does not seem to be a major determinant of clinical presentation and severity of influenza illness. However, drawing conclusions was made difficult by the low comparability and methodological shortcomings of included studies, and more well‐designed studies are warranted.
Suppressing η‐phase development in steel‐cemented tungsten carbide: A spark plasma sintering study
Authors: Cahill James T. , Kelly James P. , Novitskaya Ekaterina , McKee Michael , Bahena Joel A. , Graeve Olivia A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe describe the phase stability of a cemented tungsten carbide prepared using a high‐vanadium tool steel as the cementing/binder phase and confirm suppression of (Fe, W)6C η‐phase formation, attributed to the preferential formation of a V0.78W0.22C1−x phase that exists as islands within the Fe‐rich binder matrix. The samples were prepared using spark plasma sintering (SPS), starting from commercially available WC and A11‐LVC tool steel powders. The starting powders were ball milled adding 10, 15, and 20 vol.% steel. An A11‐LVC tool steel was chosen as a low‐cost hard steel (49 HRC) that does not contain Ni or Co but has a high vanadium (~9 wt.%) and carbon (~1.75 wt.%) content. Our results show that sintering by SPS can produce high‐density (>98%) WC‐steel specimens in which the matrix wets the WC grain surfaces and formation of the brittle η‐phase is avoided. The η phase is often regarded as embrittling and undesirable, and its presence can result in degradation of mechanical properties. Microhardness values for the WC‐10 and WC‐15 vol.% steel samples were 12.3 ± 1.2 and 13.0 ± 0.9 GPa, respectively, whereas the fracture toughness values were 8.83 ± 0.48 and 8.81 ± 0.61 MPa·m1/2, respectively.
Rapid synthesis of nanocrystalline YAG via microwave‐assisted solvothermal process
Authors: Ramanujam Prabhu , Vaidhyanathan Bala , Binner Jon , Ghanizadeh Shaghayegh , Zhou Zhaoxia , Spacie Chris 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA rapid synthesis procedure for the preparation of nanocrystalline yttrium aluminium garnet (nYAG) particles has been developed, for the first time, using the combination of subcritical conditions and microwave irradiation. It is believed that the use of butanediol delayed the onset of pressure rise due to its low partial pressure, while the microwaves facilitated a selective crystallization of nanocrystalline YAG particles in the solvent medium. This methodology was found to encourage rapid bulk nucleation with minimal particle growth or agglomeration of nYAG particles. The resultant powder characteristics, examined using XRD and TEM analyses, revealed that a narrow window of pressure and temperature conditions needed to be maintained to achieve spherical particles in the size range 60‐80 nm without any intermediate phases being formed. The STEM/EDX and FTIR results obtained suggested that the nucleated YAG particles were masked by carbon clouds until they were completely crystallized into single phase YAG particles; this allowed them to be dispersed in water with little agglomeration.
Multiscale designed SiCf/Si3N4 composite for low and high frequency cooperative electromagnetic absorption
Authors: Zhou Qian , Yin Xiaowei , Ye Fang , Mo Ran , Liu Xiaofei , Fan Xiaomeng , Cheng Laifei , Zhang Litong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWith the aim to design a particular material for low and high frequency cooperative electromagnetic absorption at high temperature, a multiscale design is proposed by combining the microstructure and meta‐structure in one material. The SiCf/Si3N4 composite is prepared via the chemical vapor infiltration technique with SiCf as the EM wave absorbing phase and Si3N4 as the wave‐transparent ceramic matrix. The crossing grooved meta‐structure is designed and fabricated to further improve its absorbing properties and to guarantee its absorbing capacity stability at high temperature. A minimum reflection loss of −15.3 dB and −14.8 dB can be reached at 8 and 18 GHz with a total thickness of 5 mm. The temperature‐dependent reflection loss of the designed meta‐structure keeps relative reliable high temperature absorbing performances from room temperature to 500°C. This effective enhanced EM wave absorbing property is believed to be a consequence of multiscale effect induced by combining the traditional EM absorbing materials with metamaterial structure.
Optoelectronic performances on different structures of Al‐doped ZnO
Authors: Liu Zhixiang , Yang Ping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractZnO films and Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) films were deposited on p‐Si substrate by magnetron sputtering to investigate its chemical composition, structural and photoelectric properties. XRD and FTIR show that Al ions can enter into the substitutional and interstitial site of ZnO crystal, and O atoms in AZO films are more abundant. Three different structures of Al‐doped ZnO (substitutional Al, interstitial Al, and O‐rich Al‐doped ZnO) were built using first‐principles method based on experimental results, charge density difference, and density of States (DOS) illustrate that there are strong ionic interactions between Al and O atoms in substitutional Al‐doped ZnO, moreover, substitutional and interstitial Al doping both are beneficial to N type, but oxygen‐enriched ZnO is not conducive to N type. Furthermore, the optical properties of 3 different Al‐doped ZnO structures were investigated respectively. Compared with pure ZnO, the real and imaginary part of dielectric function of O‐rich and interstitial Al have a significant increase and move to lower energy (red shift), the reflectivity of O‐rich is 3 times of pure ZnO and substitutional Al‐doped ZnO. The results are hoped to be helpful to study AZO thin film and predict the properties of Al‐doped ZnO.
Long‐term outcome of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chen Xuan , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Du Xin , Wu Jia‐Hui , Yu Rong‐Hui , Long De‐Yong , Ning Man , Sang Cai‐Hua , Jiang Chen‐Xi , Bai Rong , Wen Song‐Nan , Liu Nian , Li Song‐Nan , Xu Zhi‐Yuan , Ma Chang‐Sheng , Tang Ri‐Bo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionTo assess the long‐term outcome of catheter ablation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), especially in patients with apical HCM (ApHCM).Methods and resultsFrom 9,249 AF ablation cases, 97 patients (28 with ApHCM and 69 with non‐ApHCM) were enrolled. Another 97 patients matched by age, AF type, AF duration, and left atrial diameter were selected as the control group. After a mean follow‐up of (44.3 ± 29.6) months, success rate after a single procedure was 42.9% in the ApHCM patients (P = 0.725), 36.2% in the non‐ApHCM patients (P = 0.136) versus 50.5% in the control group. After multiple procedures, success rate both in the ApHCM group (50%, P = 0.047) and in the non‐ApHCM group (50.4%, P = 0.017) were lower than in the controls (68.0%). More patients in the ApHCM and in the non‐ApHCM group suffered very late recurrence beyond 1 year after the index procedure. Left atrial diameter (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04, 95% confidential interval [CI] 1.01–1.08, P = 0.018) and AF duration (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.01, P = 0.005) were independent predictors of recurrence after the index ablation. There was no difference in thromboembolic events between the HCM group and the control group (8.2% vs. 3.1%, P = 0.082).ConclusionsPatients with ApHCM or non‐ApHCM had similar success rate of AF ablation after single procedure and lower success rate after multiple procedure compared with the control group.
First clinical use of novel ablation catheter incorporating local impedance data
Authors: Martin Claire A. , Martin Ruairidh , Gajendragadkar Parag R. , Maury Philippe , Takigawa Masateru , Cheniti Ghassen , Frontera Antonio , Kitamura Takeshi , Duchateau Josselin , Vlachos Konstantinos , Bourier Felix , Lam Anna , Lord Stephen , Murray Stephen , Shephard Ewen , Pambrun Thomas , Denis Arnaud , Derval Nicolas , Hocini Meleze , Haissaguerre Michel , Jais Pierre , Sacher Frederic 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionSuccessful catheter ablation is limited by both poor spatial resolution of abnormal local signals and inability to deliver an effective lesion due to poor tissue contact. We report first worldwide use of the Intellanav MiFi OI catheter (Boston Scientific), providing ultra‐high density mapping and incorporating a “DirectSense” algorithm to measure local tissue impedance (LI).Methods and results31 patients (65±6 years, 20 male) underwent ablation. LI from the catheter, generator impedance (GI) and maximum electrogram amplitude were recorded in the blood pool, and in regions from healthy to dense scar before, during and after ablation. The catheter demonstrated clear nearfield signal where standard bipolar recordings included farfield signal. LI was lower in dense scar than either healthy tissue or blood pool, and demonstrated an exponential relationship with maximum electrogram amplitude.Maximum LI drop on ablation linearly correlated with initial LI. The median LI drop for successful lesions, resulting in lack of local tissue capture, was 16.0Ω (12.1–19.8 Ω) for LV and 14.6 Ω (10.0–18.3 Ω) for LA, which was larger than for unsuccessful lesions (LV: 9.4 Ω [5.4–15.6 Ω] P = 0.001; LA: 6.8 Ω [4.7–13.0 Ω], P = 0.049). LI percentage drop was also significantly larger for successful than unsuccessful lesions (LV: 17.1 Ω [14.0–19.6 Ω] vs. 10.6 Ω (7.1–16.5 Ω) P = 0.002; LA: 14.2 Ω [10.8‐19.5 Ω] vs. 7.5Ω [5.1–11.0 Ω], P = 0.005).ConclusionThis novel catheter gives reproducible recordings of local impedance, which are dependent on scar level. Absolute LI drop, and also percentage drop, on ablation may give an indication of tissue contact and subsequent effective lesion formation.
Fragmentation of QRS complex during ventricular pacing is associated with ventricular arrhythmic events in patients with left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Del‐Carpio Munoz Freddy , Noseworthy Peter A. , Gharacholou S. Michael , Scott Christopher G. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Lopez‐Jimenez Francisco , Cha Yong‐Mei , Munger Thomas M. , Friedman Paul A. , Asirvatham Samuel J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundQRS fragmentation (fQRS) during baseline ventricular conduction, a myocardial fibrosis marker, is associated with increased risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias but may not manifest unless ventricular activation change is provoked. We examined the association of fQRS during right ventricular (RV) pacing with death and ventricular tachyarrhythmia in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction undergoing electrophysiology study (EPS).Methods and resultsStudy participants had LV dysfunction (ejection fraction < 50%) undergoing EPS from January 2002 to May 2014 at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. fQRS during RV stimulation involved >2 notches on R/S waves identified in ≥2 contiguous standard electrocardiographic leads representing anterior, inferior, or lateral ventricular segments. Primary outcomes were ventricular tachyarrhythmias that were symptomatic or required intervention and total and cardiac deaths. In all, 528 patients participated (mean age, 65 years; male sex, 80%). Of them, 312 (59%) had ischemic cardiomyopathy and mean (SD) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 33.2% (9.5%); 457 (87%) had implantable cardiac devices (implanted defibrillator, n = 380). Mean (SD) follow‐up was 3.2 (3.0) years. fQRS during RV pacing was observed in 292 patients (60%) in any ventricular segment. Patients with fQRS during RV pacing had 2.5 higher rate of ventricular tachyarrhythmia events than patients with no fQRS (hazard ratio [95% CI], 2.45 [1.5–4.2]; P < 0.01), after correcting for baseline ventricular conduction defect and QRS duration, LVEF, inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and ischemic cardiomyopathy.ConclusionsRV stimulation can unmask fQRS, and it is associated with increased risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia in LV dysfunction.
Selective ablation of the ligament of Marshall attenuates atrial electrical remodeling in a short‐term rapid atrial pacing canine model
Authors: Yu Xiaomei , He Wenbo , Qin Zhiliang , Liu Shan , Ma Ruisong , Luo Da , Hu Huihui , Xie Jing , He Bo , Lu Zhibing , Jiang Hong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionCardiac sympathetic activation facilitates atrial electrical remodeling during atrial fibrillation (AF). Selective ablation of the distal part of the ligament of Marshall (LOMLSPV) could decrease cardiac sympathetic innervation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LOMLSPV ablation on atrial electrical remodeling in a short‐term rapid atrial pacing (RAP) model.MethodsIn 16 anesthetized dogs, 6 hours of RAP (20 Hz, 2 × threshold) was delivered before LOMLSPV ablation (group 1, N = 8) or after (group 2, N = 8). Heart rate variability (HRV), serum norepinephrine (NE), atrial electrophysiological indices were analyzed. Six times of burst pacing (20 Hz, 2 × threshold, lasting for 5 seconds, were performed to induce AF, the number of episodes and the duration of AF were compared.ResultsLOMLSPV ablation decreased sympathetic indices of HRV and serum NE. Atrial effective refractory period (ERP) was shortened during RAP in both groups with higher reduction degrees in group 1. In group 1, the shortening of atrial ERP, elevating of ERP dispersion and sum of window of vulnerability (ΣWOV), facilitating of AF induced by RAP were subsequently reversed by LOMLSPV ablation. In group 2, LOMLSPV ablation prolonged atrial ERP, decreased ΣWOV, eliminated AF induction. The subsequent RAP failed to alter these indices. Histological studies showed abundant sympathetic nerve fibers in LOMLSPV.ConclusionLOMLSPV ablation could inhibit atrial electrical remodeling during short‐term RAP by reducing the cardiac sympathetic activity. LOMLSPV may be a potential target in AF ablation, especially in patients with highly cardiac sympathetic activation or atrial electrical remodeling.
Evaluation of yeasts in gel larval diet for Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni
Authors: Moadeli T. , Mainali B. , Ponton F. , Taylor P. W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQueensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (“Q‐fly”), is Australia’s most economically important insect pest of horticultural and commercial crops especially in the eastern regions. The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been adopted as an environmentally benign and sustainable approach for management of Q‐fly outbreaks. High‐performance larval diets are required to produce the millions of flies needed each week for SIT. Yeast products contribute amino acids (protein) to fruit fly larval diets, as well as carbohydrate, fat and micronutrients, but there can be substantial variation in the nutritional composition and suitability of yeast products for use in larval diets. Gel larval diets have recently been developed for large‐scale rearing of Q‐fly for SIT, and composition of these diets requires optimization for both performance and cost, including choice of yeast products. We assessed performance of Q‐flies reared on gel larval diets that contained debittered brewer’s yeast (Lallemand LBI2240), hydrolysed yeast (Lallemand FNILS65), inactivated brewer’s yeast (Lallemand LBI2250) and inactivated torula yeast (Lallemand 2160‐50), including blends. Q‐flies performed poorly when reared on diets containing only or mostly hydrolysed yeast in terms of pupal number, pupal weight and percentage of fliers. Performance was also poor on diets containing high proportions of torula yeast. Overall, debittered brewer’s yeast is recommended as the best option for Q‐fly gel larval diet, as it is cheap, readily available, and produces flies with good performance in quality control assays. Inactivated brewer’s yeast produced flies of comparable quality with only a modest increase in cost and would also serve as an effective alternative.
Improved monitoring of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with terpinyl acetate plus acetic acid membrane lures
Authors: Mujica Valentina , Preti Michele , Basoalto Esteban , Cichon Liliana , Fuentes‐Contreras Eduardo , Barros‐Parada Wilson , Krawczyk Greg , Nunes Marcelo Z. , Walgenbach Jim F. , Hansen Randy , Knight Alan L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMale and female moth catches of Grapholita molesta (Busck) in traps were evaluated in stone and pome fruit orchards untreated or treated with sex pheromones for mating disruption in Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, USA, and Italy from 2015 to 2017. Trials evaluated various blends loaded into either membrane cup lures or septa. Membrane lures were loaded with terpinyl acetate (TA), acetic acid (AA) and (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate alone or in combinations. Two septa lures were loaded with either the three‐component sex pheromone blend for G. molesta alone or in combination with codlemone (2‐PH), the sex pheromone of Cydia pomonella (L). A third septum lure included the combination sex pheromone blend plus pear ester, (E,Z)‐2,4‐ethyl decadienoate (2‐PH/PE), and a fourth septum was loaded with only β‐ocimene. Results were consistent across geographical areas showing that the addition of β‐ocimene or (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate did not increase moth catches. The addition of pear ester to the sex pheromone lure marginally increased moth catches. The use of TA and AA together significantly increased moth catches compared with the use of only one of the two components. Traps with the TA/AA lure outperformed the Ajar trap baited with a liquid TA plus sugar bait. The emission rate of AA was not a significant factor affecting the performance of the TA/AA lure. The addition of TA/AA significantly increased moth catches when combined with the 2‐PH lure. The TA/AA lure also allowed traps to catch both sexes. Catch of C. pomonella with the 2‐PH lure was comparable to the use of codlemone; however, moth catch was significantly reduced with the 2‐PH/PE lure. Optimization of these complex lures can likely further improve managers’ ability to monitor G. molesta and help to develop multispecies tortricid lures for use in individual traps.
Identification and expression analysis of chemosensory genes in the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda
Authors: Zhao Yunhe , Li Huan , Wang Qian , Liu Jingtao , Zhang Lixia , Mu Wei , Xu Yongyu , Zhang Zhengqun , Gu Shaohua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda, is one of the major dominant insect pests affecting tea plantations in Asia. Previous studies have demonstrated that E. onukii was significantly attracted by the tea volatiles and repelled by the non‐host plant volatiles. However, the olfactory mechanisms of insect perception of these semiochemicals are still unknown. Odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are involved in the initial biochemical recognition steps in semiochemical perception. In this study, a total of 33 OBPs and 24 CSPs were identified in the antennae and body transcriptomes of E. onukii. Among them, 9 OBPs and 17 CSPs were newly identified. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to compare OBPs and CSPs among Hemiptera insects. Semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR and real‐time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that 24 EonuOBP and 13 EonuCSP genes were mainly or uniquely expressed in the antennae. In addition, one OBP (EonuOBP49) and four CSPs (EonuCSP4, 7, 12 and 18) were more highly expressed in the body than in the antennae. Overall, the present work had provided foundational data to study the physiological roles of the OBPs and CSPs in the tea green leafhopper both in vitro and in vivo.