bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term issues and supportive care needs of adolescent and young adult childhood brain tumour survivors and their caregivers: A systematic review
Authors: Nicklin Emma , Velikova Galina , Hulme Claire , Rodriguez Lopez Rocio , Glaser Adam , Kwok‐Williams Michelle , Boele Florien 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveLong‐term issues following diagnosis and treatment of a childhood brain tumour often become apparent as the survivor enters adolescence and young adulthood. Their caregivers may additionally face long‐term impacts on their emotional and psychological functioning. This review synthesised evidence on the issues and supportive care needs of adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of a brain tumour diagnosed in childhood and their caregivers.MethodsElectronic databases were searched up until September 2017. All studies reporting on issues or needs of childhood brain tumour survivors (aged 14‐39) and their caregivers were included. Narrative synthesis methods were used to summarise, integrate, and interpret findings.ResultsFifty‐six articles (49 studies) met the inclusion criteria. Social issues (ie, isolation and impaired daily functioning) were most commonly reported by survivors, followed by cognitive (ie, impaired memory and attention) and physical issues (ie, endocrine dysfunctions and fatigue). Survivors experienced poorer social functioning and sexual functioning and were less likely to be employed or have children, when compared with other AYA cancer survivors. Caregivers experienced reduced support as the survivor moved into young adulthood. Caregivers reported uncertainty, increased responsibilities, and problems maintaining their own self–well‐being and family relationships. Few studies reported on supportive care needs. Survivors expressed a need for better educational support and age‐specific psychosocial services.ConclusionsSurviving a childhood brain tumour can be particularly challenging for AYA survivors and their caregivers. Robust structured research is needed to identify specific support needs of both survivors and their caregivers and how these can be optimally addressed.
Tracheostomy speaking valve modification in children: A standardized approach leads to widespread use
Authors: Greene Zelda M. , Davenport Jim , Fitzgerald Siobhan , Russell John D. , McNally Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTracheostomy is associated with negative effects on voice, speech, and feeding/swallowing. Speaking valves have beneficial effects in these areas but are often contra‐indicated in children with airway problems due to high transtracheal pressure (TTP). Valves are modified by drilling to reduce excessive TTP. We hypothesized that a standardized approach to assessment and valve modification by drilling improves valve tolerance and allows widespread successful use.MethodsFollowing development of a standardized multidisciplinary protocol for patient selection, valve modification and valve prescription at our center, we retrospectively collected information from clinical notes relating to clinical indication and medical history of all children undergoing speaking valve assessment from February 2014 to June 2017. We designed a questionnaire which was delivered to the parents of children receiving both modified and standard valves enquiring about voice, feeding, communication, and suctioning.ResultsData on 45 children were collected. Thirteen had normal TTP and were given standard valves and 32 had high TTP, all of whom had their valves modified resulting in good tolerance. 17 Children were on positive pressure ventilation at the time of placement. The survey response rate was 83%. Parents report a high degree of satisfaction with modified valves and report positive effects in terms of voice, speech, and feeding/swallowing similar to those reported for standard valves.ConclusionsSpeaking valves can be successfully and safely modified in children, providing valves to many patients previously deemed unsuitable. We report positive parental experiences of these modified valves in line with those reported with standard valves.
Nebulized gentamicin in combination with systemic antibiotics for eradicating early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Van Stormbroek Ben , Zampoli Marco , Morrow Brenda M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesChronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) can be prevented with early eradication treatment. In resource‐constrained environments, low‐cost, off‐label nebulized antibiotics, including intravenous gentamicin solution, are often used for eradication therapy. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and clinical course of children with CF and early Pa infection, treated with a Pa eradication protocol combining inhaled gentamicin and systemic antibiotics.Study DesignRetrospective descriptive study.Patient‐subject selectionAll children (0‐18 years) attending a CF clinic in South Africa, with early Pa infections between January 2005 and March 2015, who received nebulized gentamicin‐based Pa eradication treatment.MethodologyData were described and compared between those with successful versus unsuccessful eradication, using descriptive and inferential statistics appropriate to normality of distribution.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐nine children were managed in the CF Clinic over the study period, of whom 44 (29.5%; 28 [63.6%] male) had early Pa infections treated with a gentamicin‐based eradication regimen. Thirty‐nine (88.6%) patients had successful Pa eradication at 12 months follow‐up; of which 28 (71.8%) had Pa reinfection at a median of 37.0 (21.0‐101.0) months after initial treatment. Six patients (13%) acquired chronic Pa infection during the median follow‐up period of 77 months. Older age was associated with Pa eradication failure and chronic Pa infection. There were no clinically significant adverse events associated with gentamicin inhalational therapy.ConclusionsNebulized gentamicin solution combined with systemic antibiotics appears to be safe and has comparable efficacy to other strategies in eradicating early Pa infections in children with CF.
Curcumin improves the effect of a reduced insulin dose on glycemic control and oxidative stress in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats
Authors: Gutierres Vânia Ortega , Assis Renata Pires , Arcaro Carlos Alberto , Oliveira Juliana Oriel , Lima Tayra Ferreira Oliveira , Beretta Ana Laura Remédio Zeni , Costa Paulo Inácio , Baviera Amanda Martins , Brunetti Iguatemy Lourenço 
Published: January 2019

Insulin with natural antioxidants is emerging as a combination treatment for diabetes mellitus that attempts to exert effective glycemic control without adverse effects. The present study aimed to investigate the additive effects on metabolic disturbances, oxidative damage, and antioxidant defenses in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats treated with curcumin and a reduced insulin dose. The best results were obtained in the treatment of diabetic rats with 4‐U/day insulin; however, the glycemia levels in these rats were lower than those in normal rats, indicating a risk of hypoglycemia. Isolated treatments using curcumin or insulin in a reduced dose (1 U/day) decreased glycemia, dyslipidemia, and biomarkers of liver and kidney damage and increased the activity of hepatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase), however, only to a lesser extent than 4‐U/day insulin, without improvements in catalase activity or plasma lipid peroxidation. Decreases in glycemia, dyslipidemia, and tissue damage markers were more evident in the curcumin + 1‐U/day insulin treatment than those seen in isolated treatments. The activity of hepatic antioxidants, including catalase, was further increased, and biomarkers of oxidative damage were decreased. Curcumin with a reduced insulin dose appears to be a promising strategy for combating the complications associated with diabetes and oxidative stress.
Synthesis of MgTiO3 Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Bhagwat Ujwala O. , Wu Jerry J. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Anandan Sambandam 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMagnesium titanate (MgTiO3) has been successfully synthesized via the sonochemical method by using TiO2 (P25) and Magnesium nitrate (MgNO3)2.6H2O as precursors without any additional phases such as MgTi2O5 and Mg2TiO4. The synthesized nanoparticles were well characterized by optical methods using UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The morphology of MgTiO3 nanoparticles is irregular in shape with serious agglomerations were confirmed through SEM analysis. XRD confirms crystal structure and phase purity of MgTiO3 nanoparticles calcined at 700 °C for 2 hours. The calculated band gap energy of MgTiO3 nanoparticles has been found to be 3.05 eV. Using the prepared MgTiO3 nanoparticles, the photocatalytic activities were evaluated by following the degradation of Congo red dye under visible light. Moreover, the influence of various scavengers on the photocatalytic reaction were studied.
Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles Supported on the Three‐Dimensional Mesostructured of Hardwood and its Application
Authors: Chao Man , Zhang Guowen , Li Zhongyu , Liu Lihuai , Yan Shuqin , Chen Ye , Shi Yanhui , Yan Xiao , Cao Changsheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, evenly distributed palladium (0) nanoparticles (about 6.6 nm) supported on the mesostructure of the hardwood (Pd NPs/wood) with the loading content of 3.5 wt% of palladium were synthesized via direct reduction of PdCl2 by lignin in the hardwood. The Pd NPs/wood was fully characterized by XRD, TGA, ICP, IR, SEM, XPS and TEM. The Pd NPs/wood shows a good catalytic activity for Sonogashira, Heck and Suzuki coupling reactions with aryl iodide and also shows good stability over the reaction process. The Pd NPs/wood could be easily recovered and can be recycled for at least five times without significantly loss of its activity. Furthermore, the long channels in the wood can be used as multiple micro‐reaction vessels, allowing that the Pd‐catalyzed continuous flow reactions occur in the Pd NPs/wood.
New serological platform for detecting antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in European badgers
Authors: Infantes‐Lorenzo Jose A. , Dave Dipesh , Moreno Immaculada , Anderson Paul , Lesellier Sandrine , Gormley Eamonn , Dominguez Lucas , Balseiro Ana , Gortázar Christian , Dominguez Mercedes , Salguero Francisco J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEuropean badgers (Meles meles) have been identified as wildlife reservoirs for Mycobacterium bovis in the UK and Ireland, and may also have a role in the epidemiology of animal tuberculosis in other European regions. Thus, detection of M. bovis‐infected badgers may be required for the purposes of surveillance and monitoring of disease levels in infected populations. Current serological assays to detect M. bovis infection in live badgers, while rapid and inexpensive, show limited diagnostic sensitivity. Here we describe and evaluate new ELISA platforms for the recognition of the P22 multiprotein complex derived from the purified protein derivative (PPD) of M. bovis. The recognition of IgG against P22 multiprotein complex derived from PPD‐B was tested by ELISA in the serum of badgers from the UK, Ireland and Spain. TB infection in the badgers was indicated by the presence of M. bovis in tissues by culture and histology at post‐mortem examination and TB‐free status was established by repeated negativity in the interferon γ release assay (IGRA). In experimentally infected badgers, humoral antibody responses against P22 developed within 45 days post‐infection. The ELISA tests showed estimated sensitivity levels of 74–82% in experimentally and naturally infected badgers with specificities ranging from 75% to 100% depending on the badger population tested. The P22 multi‐antigen based ELISAs provide a sensitive and specific test platform for improved tuberculosis surveillance in badgers.
Model‐based clustering and classification of functional data
Authors: Chamroukhi Faicel , Nguyen Hien D. 
Published: January 2019

Complex data analysis is a central topic of modern statistics and learning systems which is becoming of broader interest with the increasing prevalence of high‐dimensional data. The challenge is to develop statistical models and autonomous algorithms that are able to discern knowledge from raw data, which can be achieved through clustering techniques, or to make predictions of future data via classification techniques. Latent data models, including mixture model‐based approaches, are among the most popular and successful approaches in both supervised and unsupervised learning. Although being traditional tools in multivariate analysis, they are growing in popularity when considered in the framework of functional data analysis (FDA). FDA is the data analysis paradigm in which each datum is a function, rather than a real vector. In many areas of application, including signal and image processing, functional imaging, bioinformatics, etc., the analyzed data are indeed often available in the form of discretized values of functions, curves, or surfaces. This functional aspect of the data adds additional difficulties when compared to classical multivariate data analysis. We review and present approaches for model‐based clustering and classification of functional data. We present well‐grounded statistical models along with efficient algorithmic tools to address problems regarding the clustering and the classification of these functional data, including their heterogeneity, missing information, and dynamical hidden structures. The presented models and algorithms are illustrated via real‐world functional data analysis problems from several areas of application.This article is categorized under:Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data ConceptsAlgorithmic Development > StatisticsTechnologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Metaphysics of Freedom
Authors: Dierksmeier Claus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter defends the role of metaphysical arguments within contemporary philosophies of freedom. In particular, it tries to show that liberal thinkers today still have much to gain from a critically selective appropriation of the theories of Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, and Karl Christian Friedrich Krause. An analysis of their contributions to the tradition of idealistic liberalism brings out a dimension of cosmopolitan responsibility as inherent to the liberal principle itself. The idea of freedom, this chapter demonstrates, can and must be the principle for both the legitimation and the limitation of citizens’ liberties. If and where the laws that curb people’s liberties follow said principle, such regulations change their nature: from a restriction of personal freedom to its societal realization. Moreover, what legitimates people’s entitlements to civic freedoms is not the particularity of their respective individuality but their personality in general. If, however, we owe freedom to people as persons, then to all persons, including future generations, and consequently the proper limits of the liberties of each lie in the enabling conditions of the freedoms of all. Individual freedom and cosmopolitan responsibility, that is, go hand in hand.
Qualitative Freedom
Authors: Dierksmeier Claus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter portrays two thinkers, John Kenneth Galbraith and Amartya Sen, who set out with a qualitative conception of freedom. Both took offense at the contemporary state of affairs in economic policy and, by extension, in economic theory and business education. On their view, neoclassical economics has become myopic by hewing to merely quantitative parameters. However, by extricating from the realm of economic analysis all qualitative and normative considerations, economics has impoverished itself and has robbed economic policy of the requisite means to progress towards a more ecologically, socially, and morally sustainable order of business. As a consequence, Galbraith and Sen reject the merely quantitative conceptions of economic and political liberty buttressing conventional economic wisdom. Instead, they fend for a more self-critical notion of liberty that intellectually and practically realizes the qualitative dimension of freedom in a democratic fashion. Thus, they renew an argument that had already had much currency in metaphysical theories of freedom, i.e. that freedom must not only be pursued in substance but also in procedure. People should not only be passive recipients of the rights and benefits of liberal orders, but also, importantly, their active and transformative architects.
Bioactive molecules fromNocardia: diversity, bioactivities and biosynthesis
Authors: Dhakal Dipesh , Rayamajhi Vijay , Mishra Ravindra , Sohng Jae Kyung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNocardia spp. are catalase positive, aerobic, and non-motile Gram-positive filamentous bacteria. Many Nocarida spp. have been reported as unusual causes of diverse clinical diseases in both humans and animals. Therefore, they have been studied for a long time, primarily focusing on strain characterization, taxonomic classification of new isolates, and host pathophysiology. Currently, there are emerging interests in isolating bioactive molecules from diverse actinobacteria including Nocardia spp. and studying their biosynthetic mechanisms. In addition, these species possess significant metabolic capacity, which has been utilized for generating diverse functionalized bioactive molecules by whole cell biotransformation. This review summarizes the structural diversity and biological activities of compounds biosynthesized or biotransformed by Nocardia spp. Furthermore, the recent advances on biosynthetic mechanisms and genetic engineering approaches for enhanced production or structural/functional modification are presented.
Atom Probe Tomography Investigations of Microstructural Evolution in an Aged Nickel Superalloy for Exhaust Applications
Authors: Gardner Hazel , Pedrazzini Stella , Douglas James O. , De Lille Didier , Moody Michael P. , Bagot Paul A. J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The formation and evolution of nanoscale γ″ (Ni3(Nb, Ti, Al)) precipitates formed during thermal aging in the nickel superalloy Inconel 625 has been characterized using Atom Probe Tomography. The onset of γ″ precipitation has been found to occur after only one hour, markedly shorter than the aging time reported in the current literature. Evolution of precipitate composition and morphology during aging has been analyzed, and the potential onset of the γ″ → δ (Ni3(Nb, Mo, Cr, Fe, Ti)) transformation after long aging times is discussed.
Social support and post-traumatic growth among a sample of arthritis patients: Analysis in light of conservation of resources theory
Authors: Sörensen Jessica , Rzeszutek Marcin , Gasik Robert 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe study examined the association between social support dimensions and post-traumatic growth (PTG) among a sample of arthritis patients. In particular, we wanted to verify the mediating role of resources, as described by the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, on the aforementioned relationship. A total of 207 patients with a clinical diagnosis of arthritis were recruited to participate in the study, including 149 females and 58 males. This was a cross-sectional study, with PTG evaluated by the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and social support assessed via the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS). To assess the level of subjectively possessed resources among participants, we used the COR evaluation questionnaire (COR-E). Provided support, but not received support, was positively related to the level of PTG among participants. In addition, the level of spiritual resources mediated the aforementioned relationship. The results of this contribute to the literature on the psychological aspects of arthritis. It seems that providing support may be related to positive consequences among arthritis patients, in the form of PTG, with spiritual resources being of significant value in this process.
Biologic staple line reinforcement for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A case series
Authors: Washington Morris J. , Hodde Jason P. , Cohen Emily , Cote Lydia 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) is currently the most common bariatric procedure worldwide. Staple Line Reinforcement (SLR) with biological or synthetic material has been recommended to reduce complications such as staple line bleeding and leakage following LSG. SLR devices have been studied and have shown varied results in reducing these complications.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of postoperative bleeding and staple line leakage associated with LSG when using a SLR material made from porcine small intestinal submucosa.

Setting:
Community Hospital.

Methods:
This was a single surgeon retrospective case review of all patients who had undergone LSG to treat severe obesity at our institution between January 2012 and August 2016 and had their staple line reinforced with a SLR device made from porcine small intestinal submucosa. Postoperative complications within the 30-day postoperative window, including bleeding and staple line leakage, were recorded.

Results:
A total of 722 procedures were performed (female, 77%; age, 48.7 ± 13.2 years; preoperative Body Mass Index, 43.9 ± 7.6 kg/m2). The mean operative time was 109 ± 40 min and average length of stay was 1.5 days. Postoperative bleeding was noted in 9 patients (1.2%); 2 patients (0.3%) required re-operation for bleeding. Four (0.6%) post-operative staple line leaks were recorded. There was one post-operative death of indeterminate etiology.

Conclusions:
Staple line reinforcement with porcine small intestinal submucosa has leak and bleed rates comparable to those reported for other staple line reinforcement devices.

Highlights:
Enhancing Radiocarbon Chronologies of Colonization: Chronometric Hygiene Revisited
Authors: Schmid Magdalena M E , Wood Rachel , Newton Anthony J , Vésteinsson Orri , Dugmore Andrew J 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAccurately dating when people first colonized new areas is vital for understanding the pace of past cultural and environmental changes, including questions of mobility, human impacts and human responses to climate change. Establishing effective chronologies of these events requires the synthesis of multiple radiocarbon (14C) dates. Various “chronometric hygiene” protocols have been used to refine14C dating of island colonization, but they can discard up to 95% of available14C dates leaving very small datasets for further analysis. Despite their foundation in sound theory, without independent tests we cannot know if these protocols are apt, too strict or too lax. In Iceland, an ice core-dated tephrochronology of the archaeology of first settlement enables us to evaluate the accuracy of14C chronologies. This approach demonstrated that the inclusion of a wider range of14C samples in Bayesian models improves the precision, but does not affect the model outcome. Therefore, based on our assessments, we advocate a new protocol that works with a much wider range of samples and where outlying14C dates are systematically disqualified using BayesianOutlier Models. We show that this approach can produce robusttermini ante quosfor colonization events and may be usefully applied elsewhere.