bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orbital angular momentum carrying mid-infrared Bessel beam generation at room temperature
Authors: Mallick Nawaz Sarif 
Published: October 2024

We explore the generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying mid-infrared Bessel-Gaussian beams through nonlinear interactions within a non-uniformly broadened 85Rb atomic ensemble. Utilizing an efficient four-wave mixing (FWM) scheme driven by two strong control fields and a weak probe field, we achieve coherent emission at a wavelength of 5.23 µm. By employing the density matrix approach, we obtain an analytical expression for the nonlinear atomic coherence involved in the four-wave mixing process, elucidating how the Bessel-Gaussian profile of the probe field is transferred into the mid-infrared signal. Numerical simulations of Maxwell’s wave equation ensure the generation of phase-matched, non-diffracting Bessel-Gaussian beams, which can be precisely controlled by manipulating the spatial susceptibility of the atomic medium. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the potential of higher-order Bessel-Gaussian beams with OAM to significantly advance applications in high-speed communication, biomedical imaging, and optical manipulation, owing to their robust beam integrity and enhanced data transmission capabilities in the mid-infrared spectrum.
On-chip topological transport of integrated optical frequency combs
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Wang Hongwei , Xie Peng , Yang Yuechen , Shen Yang , Ji Bo , Chen Yanghe , Zhang Yong , Sun Lu , Wang Zheng , Jiang Chun , Su Yikai , He Guangqiang 
Published: October 2024

Optical frequency combs in integrated photonics have widespread applications in high-dimensional optical computing, high-capacity communications, high-speed interconnects, and other paradigm-shifting technologies. However, quantum frequency combs with high-dimensional quantum states are vulnerable to decoherence, particularly in the presence of perturbations such as sharp bends. Here we experimentally demonstrate the robust on-chip topological transport of quantum frequency combs in valley photonic crystal waveguides. By measuring the time correlations and joint spectral intensity of the quantum frequency combs, we show that both quantum correlations and frequency entanglement remain robust against sharp bends, owing to the topological nature of the quantum valley Hall effect. We also demonstrate that dissipative Kerr soliton combs with a bandwidth of 20 THz maintain their spectral envelope and low-noise properties even in the presence of structure perturbations. These topologically protected optical frequency combs offer robust, complex, highly controllable, and scalable light sources, promising significant advances in high-dimensional photonic information processing.
Wavelet and time-based cerebral autoregulation analysis using diffuse correlation spectroscopy on adults undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy
Authors: Dar Irfaan A. , Khan Imad R. , Johnson Thomas W. , Helmy Samantha Marie , Cardona Jeronimo I. , Escobar Samantha , Selioutski Olga , Marinescu Mark A. , Zhang Chloe T. , Proctor Ashley R. , AbdAllah Noura , Busch David R. , Maddox Ross K. , Choe Regine 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Adult patients who have suffered acute cardiac or pulmonary failure are increasingly being treated using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a cardiopulmonary bypass technique. While ECMO has improved the long-term outcomes of these patients, neurological injuries can occur from underlying illness or ECMO itself. Cerebral autoregulation (CA) allows the brain to maintain steady perfusion during changes in systemic blood pressure. Dysfunctional CA is a marker of acute brain injury and can worsen neurologic damage. Monitoring CA using invasive modalities can be risky in ECMO patients due to the necessity of anticoagulation therapy. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measures cerebral blood flow continuously, noninvasively, at the bedside, and can monitor CA. In this study, we compare DCS-based markers of CA in veno-arterial ECMO patients with and without acute brain injury.

Methods
Adults undergoing ECMO were prospectively enrolled at a single tertiary hospital and underwent DCS and arterial blood pressure monitoring during ECMO. Neurologic injuries were identified using brain computerized tomography (CT) scans obtained in all patients. CA was calculated over a twenty-minute window via wavelet coherence analysis (WCA) over 0.05 Hz to 0.1 Hz and a Pearson correlation (DCSx) between cerebral blood flow measured by DCS and mean arterial pressure.

Results
Eleven ECMO patients who received CT neuroimaging were recruited. 5 (45%) patients were found to have neurologic injury. CA indices WCOH, the area under the curve of the WCA, were significantly higher for patients with neurological injuries compared to those without neurological injuries (right hemisphere p = 0.041, left hemisphere p = 0.041). %DCSx, percentage of time DCSx was above a threshold 0.4, were not significantly higher (right hemisphere p = 0.268, left hemisphere p = 0.073).

Conclusion
DCS can be used to detect differences in CA for ECMO patients with neurological injuries compared to uninjured patients using WCA.
Profiling of five urinary exosomal miRNAs for the differential diagnosis of patients with diabetic kidney disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Trabulus Sinan , Zor Mehmet Seyit , Alagoz Selma , Dincer Mevlut Tamer , Meşe Meral , Yilmaz Erkan , Tahir Turanli Eda , Seyahi Nurhan 
Published: October 2024

Objective
The objective of this study is to investigate the diagnostic utility of microRNAs (miRNAs) for distinguishing between urine samples from patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) and those with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).

Methods
In this multicentric, cross-sectional investigation, we enrolled patients diagnosed with DKD, individuals with primary biopsy-proven FSGS, and healthy controls. The top 5 miRNAs (hsa-mir-21, hsa-mir-30a, hsa-mir-193a, hsa-mir-196a, hsa-mir-200a) were selected to quantify miRNAs in urine samples. Isolation of targeted miRNAs was performed from urinary exosomes, and the quantitative profile of the isolated miRNAs was measured by RT-qPCR. The ΔΔCt method was implemented to calculate the fold differences between disease and control samples.

Results
Thirteen DKD patients, 11 FSGS patients, and 14 healthy controls were included in this study. Hsa-mir-21 and hsa-mir-30a exhibited distinct regulation in both groups, with upregulation observed in FSGS and downregulation in DKD (hsa-mir-21 in DKD (0.668 ± 0.25, p < 0.0005) and FSGS (2.267 ± 1.138, p < 0.0077); hsa-mir-30a in DKD (0.874 ± 0.254, p = 0.079) and FSGS (1.378 ± 0.312, p < 0.0006)). Hsa-mir-193a exhibited significant dysregulation in DKD (1.017 ± 0.413, p < 0.029) but not in FSGS (4.18 ± 1.528, p = 0.058). Hsa-mir-196a and hsa-mir-200a showed upregulation in patient groups (hsa-mir-196a in DKD (1.278 ± 0.527, p = 0.074) and FSGS (2.47 ± 0.911, p < 0.0003); hsa-mir-200a in DKD (1.909 ± 0.825, p = 0.082) and FSGS (1.301 ± 0.358, p < 0.008)).

Conclusion
Specific miRNAs, particularly miR-21, miR-30a, miR-196a, and miR-200a, might play a role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases and could potentially serve as biomarkers to distinguish between FSGS and DKD patients.
How can HIV self-testing facilitate increased access to HIV testing among multiply marginalised populations? Perspectives from GBMSM and trans women in England and Wales
Authors: Chu Isaac Yen-Hao , Burns Fiona M. , Wright Talen , Samba Phil , Witzel T. Charles , Nicholls Emily Jay , McCabe Leanne , Phillips Andrew , McCormack Sheena , Rodger Alison J. , Weatherburn Peter 
Published: October 2024

Background
HIV self-testing (HIVST) may facilitate marginalised populations’ uptake of HIV testing, but whether the extent of marginalisation challenges individual uptake of HIVST remains under-researched. We aim to explore the perspectives of multiply marginalised cis-gender gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and trans women on whether HIVST might increase their uptake of HIV testing.

Methods
We reanalysed qualitative interview data from SELPHI (the UK’s largest HIVST randomised trial) collected between 2017 and 2020 from marginalised populations, defined as people self-identifying as non-heterosexual, transgender, non-White ethnicity and/or with low educational attainment. Thirty-eight interviews with multiply marginalised individuals were thematically examined using the framework method. We specifically focussed on kit usability (a function of the interaction between blood-based HIVST kits and users), perspectives on how HIVST can improve access to HIV testing and suggestions on need-based scale-up of HIVST.

Results
HIVST kits were considered usable and acceptable by multiply marginalised GBMSM and trans women. The majority of interviewees highlighted multi-levelled barriers to accessing HIV testing services due to structural and social marginalisation. Their multiply marginalised identities did not impede HIVST uptake but often form motivation to self-test. Three potential roles of HIVST in the HIV testing landscape were identified: (1) alternation of HIVST and facility-based testing, (2) integration of HIVST into sexual health services and (3) substituting facility-based testing with HIVST in the future. Perceived beneficiaries of HIVST included trans communities, individuals with undisclosed sexuality and people with physical disabilities.

Discussion
HIVST can facilitate marginalised populations’ access and uptake of HIV testing by alternating with, integrating into and substituting for facility-based services in the UK. Marginalised identities did not present challenges but rather opportunities for person-centred scale-up of HIVST. Future implementation programmes should ensure equitable access to HIVST among trans people, men unable to disclose their sexuality, and perhaps people with physical disabilities.
Key effects on the structural behavior of fiber-reinforced lightweight concrete-ribbed slabs: A review
Authors: Yahya Yahya Mo. , Galeb Alaa C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A concrete slab is one of the chief structural members in buildings, considered the most prominent member consuming concrete. Structural engineers are challenged to work on the new trend introduced using different slabs. One-way ribbed slabs are commonly used in construction due to their efficiency in spanning long distances while maintaining a low overall depth and giving the least possible number of columns. The main limitation of slab design in the construction of a reinforced concrete structure is the span between columns; a greater span between columns necessitates more supported beams or increased slab thickness; these requirements lead to an increase in the structure weight due to other concrete and steel which make the structure more costly. On the other hand, any increase in the structure’s self-weight limits the horizontal slab’s span, increases the structure’s stress, and raises the inertia forces that must be resisted. Lightweight aggregate concrete has been effectively utilized for structural applications for a long time. The density of lightweight concrete (LWC) is sometimes more essential than its strength in structural applications. The dead load is reduced for structural design and foundations when the density is lower for the same strength level. Reinforced concrete ribbed slabs have become increasingly popular in industry construction as an alternative to solid slabs in building structures. The incorporation of steel fibers facilitates flexural softening, which takes longer than sudden brittle failure, indicating its ability to increase energy absorption and improve crack behavior. Designing structures requires materials with higher strength-to-weight ratios. Ribs and LWCs are two leading sustainable assets. The world is moving toward sustainability by reducing the amount of concrete used and the overall weight of the unit. Studies have shown that the drop in compressive strength was about 4.85–65.55%. The structural performance of lightweight fiber-reinforced concrete slabs is influenced by the concrete mix ratio, fiber type and content, reinforcement detail, and rib geometry. The study provides valuable insights into the properties and performance of key effects on the structural behavior of fiber-reinforced LWC-ribbed slabs. It provides recommendations for future research and advancement of sustainable building methods.
Tearing properties, crystallization behavior, microstructure, and morphology of LLDPE with different short branched chain distributions
Authors: Ren Yi , Shao Wenjun , Wang Ying , Liu Li-Zhi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The length and distribution of comonomers with short-chain branching (SCB) have a significant influence on the crystallization behavior and crystal structure of polymers, as well as the mechanical properties of the material. This study investigates the crystallization behavior and properties of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) samples with similar density, molecular weight, and branching degree but varying SCB distributions. The results show that LLDPE with butene as the comonomer has a stronger ability to suppress crystallization compared to LLDPE with hexene as the comonomer due to its more uniform SCB distribution. Additionally, among LLDPEs with comonomers of octene, hexene, and butene, the LLDPE with the most uniform SCB distribution exhibits the weakest crystallization ability. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicate that LLDPE with more uniform distribution of SCB has smaller long-period and more regular lamellar structure. Therefore, LLDPE with more uniform SCB distribution exhibits weaker inhibition ability towards crystallization, leading to less agglomerated phases and weaker phase separation, resulting in higher tear strength.
Linked Employer–Employee Data from XING and the Mannheim Enterprise Panel
Authors: Breithaupt Patrick , Hottenrott Hanna , Rammer Christian , Römer Konstantin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The availability of social media data is growing and represents a new data source for economic research. This paper presents a detailed study on the use of data from a career-oriented social networking platform. The employment data are exported from user profiles and linked to the Mannheim Enterprise Panel (MUP). The linked employer–employee (LEE) data consist of 14 million employments for 1.5 million employers and describes around 9 million employee flows. Plausibility checks confirm that career-oriented social networking data contain valuable information about employments and employee flows. Using such platform data provides opportunities for research on employee mobility, networks, and local ecosystems’ role in economic performance at the employer and the regional level.
Performance prediction and manipulation strategy of a hybrid system based on tubular solid oxide fuel cell and annular thermoelectric generator
Authors: Zhu Huichao , Chen Siyu , Zhang Houcheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tubular solid oxide fuel cells (TSOFCs) generate high-grade waste heat during operation, but the existing waste heat recovery technologies designed for flat solid oxide fuel cells cannot be directly applied to TSOFC due to the geometry mismatch. To efficient harvest the waste heat, a new geometry-matching hybrid system including TSOFC and annular thermoelectric generator (ATEG) is synergistically integrated to evaluate the performance upper limit. A mathematical model is formulated and verified to describe the hybrid system by considering various thermodynamic-electrochemical irreversible effects. Key performance indicators are established to assess the potential performance. Calculations show that the peak power density and corresponding efficiency of the proposed system are enhanced by 20.39 % and 13.89 %, respectively, compared to a standalone TSOFC. Furthermore, the exergy destruction rate is reduced by 7.04 %. Extensive sensitivity analyses indicate that higher operating temperatures enhance the system’s performance, while larger electrode tortuosity negatively affects it. Additionally, various optimization paths of ATEG are explored to improve the system performance, including considerations such as the number of thermocouples, leg radial width, leg thickness, or annular shape parameter. The three-objective optimization yields an efficient design solution for the entire system, offering valuable insights for its design and operation.
Exploring Israel/Palestine Through the Eyes of Writers: German-Language Authors and Undiscriminating Anthropological Glasses
Authors: Kranz Dani 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
German language texts, across a range of genres have been written about the Holy Land, Mandatory Palestine, the State of Israel, and about Israel/Palestine. These texts reveal the positioning of the authors either in the subtext, or directly. As they were authored in German, these texts were written with a German-speaking audience as a mental interlocutor in the writing process. This article considers German-language texts as primary sources to learn about the authors, the nexus of the Holy Land, Mandatory Palestine, the State of Israel, Israel/Palestine, and Germany; how generational differences manifest in the topics; and how flows of knowledge have diversified over time. The choice of texts follows the logic of ethnographic fieldwork: it is opportunistic, as anthropologists consider the written word in all its forms and genres as data.
A New Crustal Thickness and VP/VS Model of the Indochina Peninsula
Authors: Wen Zehuan , Yao Jiayuan , Huang Rong , Zhu Lupei , Cheng Shihua , Zhang Yaxi , Li Jianyong , Phetphouthongdy Boonphor , Morley Christopher K. , Tong Ping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Indochina peninsula is formed by the collision of continental terranes, magmatic arcs, and suture zones due to the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys oceans during the Mesozoic and has experienced complex tectonic activities during the Cenozoic. Crustal thickness and VP/VS of the peninsula can help better understand its tectonics and formation, so we generate a new high-precision crust model for this region via the receiver function H−κ stacking method. The Khorat plateau has thicker crust (∼36.3 km) than other regions (∼32.4 km), whereas the elevation is similar (&lt;500 m) or even lower. The poor correlation between crustal thickness and elevation suggests that there are other factors controlling the Khorat plateau elevation, for example, negative buoyancy of the lithosphere mantle. High crustal VP/VS (1.79–1.83) observed in southern Khorat plateau and southeastern Indochina Terrane indicates a mafic crustal composition that is consistent with extensive Late Cenozoic basaltic volcanism. Furthermore, our new model reveals high crustal VP/VS (1.81–1.95) in the east of the Nan suture and north of Khorat plateau, which could be interpreted as mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the continental back-arc basin east of the Sukhothai arc in the Late Palaeozoic. Our model does not support the existence of the eastward branch of the midlower crustal flow of the Tibetan plateau because a crustal weak layer would be too thin or too dispersed to flow.
The trend of higher-order multiple gestation in a tertiary hospital in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Iwo-Amah Rose Sitonma , Wekere Felix Clement C. , Ocheche Uduak , Awoyesuku Peter Abiye , Horsefall Faithwin , Bema Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

Background: Higher-order multiple (HOM) Gestations are pregnancies with three or more fetuses within the uterus at the same time. The advent of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has caused an increase in its occurrence. Prevalence of naturally occurring HOM births is 1-7 per 10,000 deliveries. HOM are associated with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes, when compared with singleton births. In Nigeria, ART is gaining ground, after an initial reluctance. The aim of this study was to highlight the adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes of HOM pregnancies and births in a tertiary hospital.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of 38 HOM pregnancies that delivered at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) between January 2019- December 2023. Relevant data was extracted from the patient’s hospital records. Data was entered into a pre-designed Proforma. Analysis was done using IBM.SPSS, version 25.
Results: A total of 9,538 deliveries took place within the study period. Two hundred and ninety (3.04%) were twin deliveries. Triplet deliveries were 33(0.35%). Quadruplets were a total of 4 (0.04%) and Quintuplets delivery was 1(0.01%). Prevalence of HOM births from this study was 3.7 per 1,000 deliveries. Complications associated with HOM deliveries for the parturient were anaemia (84.2%) and severe pre-eclampsia (42.12%). Perinatal complications were prematurity (92.12%), low birth weight (91.5%) and respiratory distress syndrome (90%).
Conclusions: There is an upward trend of HOM pregnancies due to ART, and advanced maternal age at conception. Proper antenatal care to prevent anemia, close monitoring of these pregnancies will help improve maternal and perinatal outcomes from HOM births.
A retrospective study of mullerian anomalies and their outcome in pregnancy in a tertiary care center
Authors: Sai Lakshmi Shreya Chinthala , Papanna Rathnamma 
Published: October 2024

Background: Uterine abnormalities resulting from aberrant embryonic development, fusion, or resorption of the Mullerian ducts, the primitive homologue of the female reproductive tract, are known as congenital uterine malformations. In the reproductive age range, its prevalence is 2-4%, and in women who have had unfavourable reproductive outcomes, it is 5-25%. These deformities are linked to several obstetrical outcomes, including fetal growth limitation, fetal death, premature rupture of the membranes, preterm delivery, and a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy. They are also linked to first and second-trimester abortions. This study aimed to observe the different types of Mullerian anomalies and their outcome among pregnant women.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in tertiary care hospital from May 2022 to March 2024.
Results: During this study, malpresentations found in bicornuate, unicornuate, didelphys uterus. Abortions were reported in 25% of cases.
Conclusions: A high suspicion level should be maintained for patients presenting with infertility, repeated pregnancy loss, malpresentations, and a poor obstetric history. Early diagnosis and treatment will give better outcome among the cases who had recurrent abortions and infertility.