bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate lobbying and political contributions and their effects on tax avoidance
Authors: Romero Jorge A. 
Published: March 2019

This study looks at the impact of U.S. lobbying and political contributions on taxes avoided by U.S. publicly traded corporations. Previous research provides mixed conclusions about the effects when examined separately. Looking at political contributions and lobbying contributions simultaneously displays the larger picture. I find that lobbying expenditures and political contributions both lead to lower future taxes, but those political contributions are more effective in reducing taxes paid from what would be expected given the federal statutory rate.This study contributes to the literature in several ways. First, it provides empirical evidence on the positive effects of lobbying contributions and political contributions on taxes avoided. Second, the results of this study are particularly useful for future research following the U.S. Citizens United ruling that affects corporate lobbying and political contributions. Third, differing from previous research, I build a simultaneous equation model to jointly determine the link among lobbying contributions, political contributions, and taxes avoided addressing the endogeneity issues of those relationships. These insights can help firms, policy makers, and public affairs researchers understand the connection between contributions and tax avoidance.
PAI‐1 and protein C as early markers of veno‐occlusive disease in patients treated for Wilms tumor
Authors: Cesaro Simone , Mauro Margherita , Sattin Giulia , Sartori Maria Teresa , Saggiorato Graziella , Paratella Alessandra , Tridello Gloria , Bisogno Gianni 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatic veno‐occlusive (VOD) disease has been described in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), solid tumors, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The incidence of VOD in Wilms tumor (WT) ranges from 1.2% to 8%. The diagnosis of VOD is clinical, and there are no validated laboratory biomarkers.ProcedureWe prospectively evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of plasminogen‐activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and protein C as diagnostic markers of VOD in WT patients. Fifty patients treated from 2008 to 2016 for WT were eligible. VOD was diagnosed according to modified Seattle criteria and retrospectively reclassified according to the recently published criteria for VOD in pediatric HSCT patients.ResultsVOD occurred in 6 of 50 patients (12%) after 20 to 97 days from starting chemotherapy. The average duration of VOD was 10 days (range, 4–13 days). PAI‐1 levels were elevated in all VOD patients, while a decrease in protein C levels was observed in 33% of patients with VOD. PAI‐1 antigen (Ag) values ≥ 26.4 ng/mL demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for the clinical diagnosis of VOD with sensitivity 100%, specificity 93%; whereas protein C levels below 34.5% had sensitivity 67%, specificity 100%. Both PAI‐1 and protein C had an high negative predictive value: PAI‐1 Ag 100%; protein C 95%.ConclusionsPAI‐1 Ag and protein C have good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of VOD in WT patients. Their high negative predictive value can be used in the differential diagnosis of liver toxicity, especially in VOD episodes with absent or delayed hyperbilirubinemia.
Proteomic Analysis of Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Subjected to Caprylic Acid Stress
Authors: Li Zuren , Kuang Wei , Liu Yongbo , Peng Di , Bai Lianyang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCaprylic acid (CAP) is anticipated to be a potential biocontrol herbicide in the control of weeds, however the molecular mechanism of how CAP affects weeds is poorly understood. Here, the physiological and biochemical (protein‐level) changes in horseweed (Conyza canadensis L.) are studied under CAP treatment, with infrared gas analyzer and label‐free quantitative proteomics methods. In total, 112 differentially‐accumulated proteins (DAPs) (>1.5 fold change, p < 0.05) are present between treated horseweed and control samples, with 46 up‐regulated and 66 down‐regulated proteins. These DAPs are involved in 28 biochemical pathways, including photosynthesis pathways. In particular, six photosynthesis proteins show significant abundance changes in the CAP‐treated horseweed. The qRT‐PCR results confirm three of the six genes involved in photosynthesis. Moreover, by measuring photosynthesis characteristics, CAP was shown to decrease photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and the transpiration rate of horseweed. These results suggest that photosystem I is one of the main biological processes involved in the response of horseweed to CAP.
Proteogenomic Refinement of the Neomegalonema perideroedesT Genome Annotation
Authors: Herbst Florian‐Alexander , Gonçalves Sandra Cristina Lopes , Behr Tobias , McIlroy Simon Jon , Nielsen Per Halkjær 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNeomegalonema perideroedes (formerly Meganema perideroedes) str. G1 is the type strain and only described isolate of the genus Neomegalonema (formerly Meganema) which belongs to the Alphaproteobacteria. N. perideroedes is distinguished by the ability to accumulate high amounts of polyhydroxyalkanoates and has been associated with bulking problems in wastewater treatment plants due to its filamentous morphology. In 2013, its genome was sequenced as part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA), which aims to improve the sequencing coverage of the poorly represented regions of the bacterial and archaeal branches of the tree of life. As N. perideroedes str. G1 is relatively distantly related to well described species—being the only sequenced member of its proposed family—the in silico prediction of genes by nucleotide homology to reference genes might be less reliable. Here, a proteomic dataset for the refinement of the N. perideroedes genome annotations is generated which clearly indicates the shortcomings of high‐throughput in silico genome annotation.
Spontaneous cutaneous adverse drug reaction reports—An analysis of a 10‐year dataset in Singapore
Authors: Wong Si Xian , Tham Mun Yee , Goh Chee Leok , Cheong Han Hui , Chan Sui Yung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe analyzed the spontaneous adverse event database in Singapore to determine the types of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) and causative drugs reported. We selected 10 CADRs‐of‐interest, and identified the suspected drugs and the characteristics of the at‐risk population. ADR reports received from 2006 to 2015 of the system organ class “Skin and Appendages Disorders” were analyzed based on patient demographics, the types of CADRs, suspected drugs, outcome, and latency period. Of the 104 372 reports analyzed, 56.2% involved females and 72.5% involved Chinese patients. The mean age was 41.1 years old. The top CADRs reported were rash (including nonspecified rash, follicular rash, maculopapular rash, and vesicular rash) (67.2%) and angioedema (13.9%). The drugs frequently associated with the CADRs‐of‐interest include nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and antibiotics with angioedema, iohexol with urticaria, and antiepileptics and allopurinol with Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). A subgroup analysis based on age, sex, and race on the 10 CADRs‐of‐interest showed the following trends in reporting: Alopecia (reported more in females), drug hypersensitivity syndrome (more in males), angioedema (more in younger patients), and photosensitivity (more in older patients). In general, the racial distribution across each CADR‐of‐interest was consistent with that of Singapore's population, with slight deviations observed for SJS/TEN, photosensitivity and skin discoloration. We analyzed CADR reports from Singapore over 10 years, and identified the types of CADRs reported, and their associated drugs, latency periods and patient characteristics. Such information could add value to healthcare professionals as they assess CADR cases and evaluate suspected drugs.
The effect of matrix interferences on in situ boron isotope analysis by laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Standish Christopher D. , Chalk Thomas B. , Babila Tali L. , Milton J. Andy , Palmer Martin R. , Foster Gavin L. 
Published: March 2019

RationaleBoron isotope analysis of marine carbonates by laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) offers the potential for rapid sample throughput, and the means to examine micron‐scale variations in the δ11B signatures of fossil skeletons and shells/tests of marine organisms. Existing studies demonstrate an acceptable level of reproducibility is achievable, but also typically show a level of accuracy outside the limits required by most applications. Here we investigate matrix interference effects as a cause of inaccuracy and imprecision.MethodsAnalyses were performed on a standard format Thermo Scientific Neptune Plus MC‐ICP mass spectrometer coupled to a New Wave Research 193 nm ArF laser ablation system. The effects of matrix interference on δ11B analysis were investigated through analyses of a set of reference materials with differing B/Ca ratios. Three approaches to correct for matrix‐induced effects were trialled: (1) use of matrix‐matched standards, (2) utilisation of the relationship between δ11B inaccuracy and11B/43Ca, 11B/40ArCa4+ or 11B/Cainterference from three reference materials with known δ11B values and varying B/Ca ratios, and (3) direct characterisation of the (sloping) interference itself.ResultsMatrix interference from scattered Ca ions on 10B can impede both the accuracy and the reproducibility of δ11B analysis by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. Based on analyses of two in‐house reference materials, deep sea coral PS69/3181 and inorganic calcite UWC‐1, we find approach 2, following the 11B/Cainterference relationship, gives the best mean accuracies (within 0.4‰ of solution values) and external reproducibilities (± 0.5‰ 2 SD for PS69/3181). This approach has been applied to analyses of an annual growth cycle of a Siderastrea siderea coral and eight Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi benthic foraminifera. Both coral and foraminifera data match solution MC‐ICP‐MS analyses within reported uncertainties.ConclusionsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS can produce accurate and precise δ11B data to a 0.5‰ (2σ) level on <0.3 ng B after correction for Ca interference effects.
Global Context and the Rise of Europe: Iberia and the Atlantic
Authors: Yun-Casalilla Bartolomé 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis chapter sets the bases for an understanding of Iberian institutions and political and economic history. It describes such institutions within a European framework and makes comparisons in order to explain Iberian overseas expansion. That process, it is argued, was rooted in the internal tensions of the elite’s families and in the jurisdictional competition among the Crown, the aristocracy, the cities, and the Church. Being a privileged crossroad of technological global advances and expansionist stimuli, the area soon became a vital centre for globalization, which, first in Portugal and then in Castile, contributed to the political system’s consolidation and stability.The outcome was, however, a diversity of political and institutional schemes, whose economic development was also affected by international trade and the emergence of a poly-nuclear pattern of economic growth in Europe. A comparison with political and institutional developments in England and France helps underline different models of composite monarchies and to argue against any sense of Iberian exceptionalism.
Iberian Overseas Expansion and European Trade Networks
Authors: Yun-Casalilla Bartolomé 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis chapter investigates Portuguese and Castilian overseas expansion by introducing some comparisons between the two. Contrary to traditional stereotypes, Iberian societies were technically and administratively as well-endowed as any others in Europe for the expansion and the conquest of new territories. Such enterprises were, however, a consequence not only of formal institutions (the royal tribunals, municipalities or the viceroyalties, notaries, consulates, etc.), as is always said, but also of informal institutions and social networks in which family relations, kinship, clienteles, and reciprocity were crucial. Thanks to the latter, the sovereigns of Portugal and Castile could externalize the costs of building up the most far-flung empires known in history until then.Environmental conditions, geography, and local political situations were very different and inevitably led to two different imperial models. Yet they both were based on the importance of negotiation with local elites and their high degree of autonomy. This process did not break the poly-nuclear character of European or world economic growth but did contribute to increasing market integration within Europe.
The Empires of a Composite Monarchy, 1521–1598: Problem or Solution?
Authors: Yun-Casalilla Bartolomé 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis chapter sheds new light on the way the two empires accentuated social tensions in Iberia and stresses—with new details and reasoning—the way they contributed to the persistence of social structures, institutions, and property rights as well as to reshaping a conflictive pact between the king and the elites, and, among the latter, in different territories of the composite monarchy, particularly in Portugal and Castile. In Castile, such a pact alleviated the aristocracy’s problems as well as tensions within the elites. It also facilitated an increasing interpenetration between the king and country, manifested in the involvement of the latter in international wars, but did not eliminate tensions, frustrated the possibilities of a financial revolution, and maintained the aristocracy’s and cities’ autonomy for the mobilization of military resources. In Portugal, the outcome was a sort of rentier state living from the king’s imperial resources. This chapter shows the incongruence of studying composite monarchies’ fiscal systems only from the central treasury’s perspective or separated from the mobilization of local and non-monetary resources. Both aspects are crucial to understand state building in early modern Europe, Iberia being one more case.
The Crystallization of a Political Economy, c. 1580–1630
Authors: Yun-Casalilla Bartolomé 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis chapter takes a comparative perspective to criticize some common stereotypes in the history of Iberia. It analyses the formal institutions that were important for the allocation of resources and accents the way informal institutions such as the family and the lineage affected economic performance. The chapter shows to what extent the concept of efficient or inefficient institutions, as the new institutional economics defines them, is insufficient to explain economic behaviour and evolution. Rather, it is argued, the historical context, including environmental circumstances and availability of resources, would condition relative economic development and competition with other European regions. It also stresses that the dominant coalition emerging from the conflictive pact created obstacles for the continuation of a competitive economy in the centre of the peninsula, until then the most dynamic area.
Global Forces and European Competition
Authors: Yun-Casalilla Bartolomé 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis chapter studies Western European political systems and institutional development in comparative perspective to show the impact of religious ruptures on economic evolution. It explains how American silver and the Habsburg wars—from 1581 involving also the Portuguese empire—acted in a series of positive institutional contexts to make some economies of the north of Europe comparatively more efficient and flexible in the long run. A new advance of globalization even beyond the limits of the Iberian world is considered responsible for a slow but relevant polarization of the economic development towards the north of Europe. Though it argues the idea that one cannot speak of economic decadence for the first decades of the seventeenth century in Iberia, it does see how the decreasing competitiveness of the Iberian products in gradually more expansive international and colonial markets created the conditions for the breakdown of the old peninsular pattern of development based on the dynamism of the interior regions.
Visual Rhetoric of the Truth in the Dreyfus Affair: A Semiotic Approach
Authors: Hauksson-Tresch Nathalie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAt the turn of the twentieth century, French society was shaken by a scandal that affected it at many levels to varying degrees and that is still considered as a symbol of injustice, miscarriage of justice and antisemitism. The Dreyfus Affair started in 1894 when an artillery officer of Jewish descent was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for communicating military secrets to the German embassy in Paris. Only years later was Alfred Dreyfus exonerated and rehabilitated, due mainly to the role of the media and the famous article by the novelist Emile Zola, “J’accuse”. The press, in general, played a fundamental role in the narration of the event and in the complex chemistry that led a confidential case of espionage to become a broad public debate, exemplifying the constant struggle against prejudice and irrational impulses that implies democracy. From the impressive volume of publications, I selected two drawings issued when the truth about captain Dreyfus’s innocence began emerging. One is by Félix Vallotton, “That’s why she was not coming out!”, the other by Gustave-Henri Jossot, “She was too naked”, and they both give an interpretation of the truth and of the reasons why it—the truth—came out so late. The semiotic approach of the drawings and of Zola’s pamphlet in terms of visual message leads us to distinguish three aspects. The first is iconic and consists of establishing the links between a signifier, a signified and a referent in order to recognize the immediate message but also the connoted signification; the second is linguistic and consists of the captions; and the third is plastic, focusing on size, colors and shapes. These analyzes of the mode in which visual artefacts produce meaning and provoke an interpretative process are made in terms of rhetoric insofar as rhetoric is considered, not only in terms of figures of speech, but as a method of persuasion and argumentation.
Development of an AHP hierarchy for managing omnichannel capabilities: a design science research approach
Authors: Wulf Jochen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBecause of the importance of omnichannel services in today’s consumer markets, B2C organizations have a high demand for management instruments that support the organizational development of omnichannel capabilities. Prior literature acknowledges that the shift to omnichannel paradigm demands not only technological modifications but also an organizational transformation. However, it remains unclear which capabilities an organization requires and how they can be developed. We address this research gap and construct an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) hierarchy by applying design science research methodology. The developed AHP hierarchy supports capability management in the knowledge acquisition phase. The availability of this hierarchy further is a precondition for implementing an AHP method that supports the selection and steering of projects for omnichannel capability development or the comparison of organizations’ capability maturities. We conduct a hierarchy construction procedure that includes various qualitative research methods (focus group, cross-interview analysis, multiple case studies). We demonstrate and evaluate the AHP hierarchy at a global automobile manufacturer, which involved in-depth interviews and a workshop with six executive managers. With our results, we contribute to research on omnichannel management by introducing an instrument that supports omnichannel capability management in B2C organizations during the knowledge acquisition phase.
Extensive 3D analysis for fluid–structure interaction of spanwise flexible plunging wing 3D FSI Analysis for Spanwise Flexible Plunging Wing
Authors: Cho H. , Lee N. , Shin S.-J. , Lee S. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, an improved fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis method is developed for a flapping wing. A co-rotational (CR) shell element is developed for its structural analysis. Further, a relevant non-linear dynamic formulation is developed based on the CR framework. Three-dimensional preconditioned Navier–Stokes equations are employed for its fluid analysis. An implicit coupling scheme is employed to combine the structural and fluid analyses. An explicit investigation of a 3D plunging wing is conducted using this FSI analysis method. A further investigation of this plunging wing is performed in relation to its operating condition. In addition, the relation between the wing’s aerodynamic performance and plunging motion is investigated.
Prolonged emergency and derogation of human rights: Why the European Court should raise its immunity system
Authors: Mariniello Triestino 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStates of emergency pose the most significant challenges to the safeguarding of fundamental rights and civil liberties. Crises are generally characterized by a strengthening of the executive to the detriment of judicial authority and parliamentary oversight. One of the immediate consequences of emergencies is the absence of effective domestic mechanisms of supervision of the executive. The gradual replacement of the judicial role with police operations represents a symptom of how prolonged emergencies prompt the eclipse of legal certainty and lead to the rapid and irreversible degradation of public institutions.This Article addresses the difficult compromise between defending national interests and protecting individual rights during public emergencies. It analyzes the common features across the recent derogations and exceptional measures of Ukraine, France, and Turkey. The derogations submitted by the three countries in question, together with the exceptional measures adopted for counter-terrorism purposes, substantially restrict several fundamental rights enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights (Convention). In particular, preventive detention measures, with the suspension of the habeas corpus otherwise approved by the three States, not only enable police forces to use arbitrary and unlimited use of force, but also seriously affect the protection of absolute and non-derogable rights. The Article concludes that, as the recent emergency laws and their widespread and apparently indiscriminate implementation present the risk of destabilizing the whole European system of protection, it becomes ever more necessary that the European Court of Human Rights depart from its previous jurisprudence and adopt a more rigorous and principled scrutiny of the derogation conditions under Article 15 of the Convention.