bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stroke Risk Following Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Chu Yung-Yu , Ho Chung-Han , Chen Yi-Chen , Kuo Shu-Chun 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe association between nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and an increased risk of stroke has been a subject of debate. However, multinational studies on this topic are scarce.ObjectiveTo evaluate the short-term and long-term stroke risk after NAION compared with a matched control group.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis global, retrospective, population-based cohort study used aggregated electronic health records from January 1, 2004, through March 19, 2024, sourced from the Global Collaborative Network of TriNetX, which includes data from over 152 million patients across 17 countries. Patients in the study were followed up for a maximum duration of 10 years. Patients with NAION and age-related cataract were included in the analysis. Those with stroke before the diagnosis of NAION and age-related cataract were excluded. Propensity score matching was applied to balance age, sex, race, ethnicity, comorbidities, and medication use.ExposureInternational Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code for NAION or age-related cataract.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the relative risk (RR) of stroke (ICD-10 code I60-63) in the NAION cohort vs the matched controls. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to identify potential clinical factors associated with stroke within the NAION cohort.ResultsA total of 89 811 patients were identified in both the NAION (mean [SD] age, 57.2 [18.5] years; 38 678 men [43.1%]) and control (mean [SD] age, 57.0 [17.9] years; 40 014 men [44.6%]) cohorts after matching. The NAION cohort demonstrated a significantly higher all-stroke risk at all time points: 1 month (RR, 5.04; 95% CI, 4.41-5.78), 3 months (RR, 3.79; 95% CI, 3.40-4.21), 1 year (RR, 2.50; 95% CI, 2.32-2.70), 5 years (RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.45-1.63), and 10 years (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.23-1.43). Sensitivity analysis in patients without comorbidities similarly revealed a significantly increased all-stroke risk across all intervals: 1 month (RR, 7.55; 95% CI, 4.74-12.03), 3 months (RR, 6.70; 95% CI, 4.48-10.04), 1 year (RR, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.94-5.34), 5 years (RR, 2.85; 95% CI, 2.18-3.72), and 10 years (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.25-2.26). Among all the clinical factors of interest, only hypertension was consistently associated with all subtypes of stroke following NAION.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of patients with NAION found a significantly elevated risk of stroke compared with matched controls, independently of comorbidities. These findings underscore the importance of regular stroke workups following the onset of NAION.
Event‐Triggered Adaptive Neural Network Control for 4WS4WD Wheeled Mobile Robot
Authors: Liao Yi , Liu Yan‐Jun , Li Shu , Liu Lei , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, an event‐triggered adaptive neural network controller based on threshold band is designed for a four wheels independently steered and four wheels independently driven (4WS4WD) mobile robot. The 4WS4WD mobile robot is attracting attention for its excellent motion performance such as manipulation versatility and posture flexibility. However, its control difficulty is increased due to its characteristics of being controlled by eight motors for steering and driving respectively. Also, since the robot itself has limited computing and communication resources, real‐time control cannot be guaranteed. To copy with that, the kinematic and dynamics models are first introduced for the 4WS4WD mobile robot. Second, an adaptive neural network controller with low‐frequency learning rate is utilized to control the mobile robot since there are unknown perturbations in the model. It can maintain system stability while handing unidentified model perturbations. The stability of the controller is demonstrated by Lyapunov stability analysis. An event‐triggered based on threshold band is suggested to lessen the amount of computation in the control process. Finally, the simulation outcomes further demonstrate how the suggested approach can greatly lessen the computational and communication cost while maintaining control performance.
Nucleus‐Targeting Photosensitizers Enhance Neutrophil Extracellular Traps for Efficient Eradication of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infections
Authors: Wang Peng , Bai Qingqing , Liu Xianglong , Zhao Minyang , Chen Lei , Hu Fang , Ye Jinzhou , Chen Xinhan , Wang Kang‐Nan , Liu Bin , Mao Duo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web‐like complexes of DNA and proteins that are extruded by activated neutrophils and play critical roles as major components of the innate immune response against pathogen invasion. However, some microbes have developed strategies to evade NET attacks, leading to impaired immune defenses and persistent infections. In this study, an engineered neutrophil strategy for enhancing the antibacterial activity of NETs is developed. A nucleus‐targeting photosensitizer (NCP) with strong reactive oxygen species production and a strong DNA‐binding capacity is synthesized. NCP‐loaded neutrophils are subsequently constructed via direct incubation of NCP with neutrophils, and the NCP is closely inserted into the nucleus DNA. Upon activation by bacteria‐related toxins, NCP‐coupled NETs can be released rapidly, actively trapping bacteria and providing a high local concentration of NCP around them. Both in vitro and in vivo results revealed that NCP‐coupled NETs can effectively eradicate various multidrug‐resistant bacteria and biofilms through photodynamic therapy, overcome bacterial immune evasion, and promote tissue recovery from severe wound infections. This design can significantly strengthen NET function, providing a non‐antibiotic alternative platform for treating bacterial infectious diseases.
Modulating Fibrotic Mechanical Microenvironment for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Therapy
Authors: Li Xue‐Na , Lin Ya‐Ping , Han Meng‐Meng , Fang Yue‐Fei , Xing Lei , Jeong Jee‐Heon , Jiang Hu‐Lin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is exacerbated by injurious mechanical forces that destabilize the pulmonary mechanical microenvironment homeostasis, leading to alveolar dysfunction and exacerbating disease severity. However, given the inherent mechanosensitivity of fibrotic lungs, where type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC IIs) are subjected to persistent stretching and overactivated myofibroblasts experience malignant interactions during mechanotransduction, it becomes imperative to develop effective strategies to modulate the pulmonary mechanical microenvironment. Herein, cyclo (RGDfC) peptide‐decorated zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 nanoparticles (named ZDFPR NPs) are constructed to target and repair the aberrant mechanical force levels in pathological lungs. Specifically, reduces mechanical tension in AEC IIs by pH‐responsive ZDFPR NPs that release zinc ions and 7, 8‐dihydroxyflavone to promote alveolar repair and differentiation. Meanwhile, malignant interactions between myofibroblast contractility and extracellular matrix stiffness during mechanotransduction are disrupted by the fasudil inhibition ROCK signaling pathway. The results show that ZDFPR NPs successfully restored pulmonary mechanical homeostasis and terminated the fibrosis process in bleomycin‐induced fibrotic mice. This study not only presents a promising strategy for modulating pulmonary mechanical microenvironment but also pioneers a novel avenue for IPF treatment.
Porous Molecular Crystals Derived from Cofacial Porphyrin/Phthalocyanine Heterodimers
Authors: Stamos Nikolaos‐Angelos , Kerrigan Shannah , Stiven Alexander , Nichol Gary S. , Bezzu C. Grazia , Burt Luke , Moggach Stephen A. , Turner Gemma F. , McKeown Neil B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPorphyrin‐based porous materials are of growing interest as heterogeneous catalysts especially for reactions that are of importance to sustainability. Here we demonstrate that porous molecular crystals can be prepared by the simple co‐crystallisation of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) with octa(2’,6’‐di‐iso‐propylphenoxy)phthalocyanine or some of its metal complexes [(dipPhO)8PcM; M=H2, Al−OH, Ti=O, Mn−Cl, Fe−Cl, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga−Cl, Ag, In−Cl or Au−Cl]. This process is facilitated by the efficient formation of the supramolecular heterodimer between TPP and (dipPhO)8PcM, which is driven by the complementary shape and symmetry of the two macrocycles. The (dipPhO)8PcM component directs the crystal structure of the heterodimers to form Phthalocyanine Nanoporous Crystals (PNCs) of similar structure to those formed by (dipPhO)8PcM alone. The incorporation of TPP appears to partially stabilise the PNCs towards the removal of included solvent and for cocrystals containing (dipPhO)8PcCo stability can be enhanced further by the insitu addition of 4,4‐bipyridyl to act as a “molecular wall tie”. These stabilised PNC/TPP cocrystals have a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (SABET) of 454 m2 g−1 and a micropore volume (Vmp) of 0.22 mL g−1. The reactivity of both macrocycles within the PNC/TPP co‐crystals is demonstrated by insitu metal insertion.
A Phosphotriester‐Masked Dideoxy‐cGAMP Derivative as a Cell‐Permeable STING Agonist
Authors: Halbritter Anna‐Lena J. , Gärtner Yasmin V. , Nabiev Jahongir , Hernichel Fabian , Ganazzoli Giacomo , Özdemir Dilara , Pappa Aikaterini , Veth Simon , Stazzoni Samuele , Müller Markus , Hornung Veit , Carell Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract2′,3′‐Cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) is a cyclic dinucleotide second messenger in which guanosine and adenosine are connected by one 3′‐5′ and one 2′‐5′ phosphodiester linkage. It is formed in the cytosol upon detection of pathogenic DNA by the enzyme guanosine‐monophosphate‐adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS). cGAMP subsequently binds to the adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to elicit an innate immune response leading to the production of type I interferons and cytokines. STING agonists are a highly promising avenue for an immuno‐oncological anticancer therapy. A particular challenge with cyclic dinucleotide STING agonists are the two negative charges of the phosphodiester linkages, which strongly reduce the ability of such compounds to penetrate cell membranes. The development of cell‐permeable STING agonists that can stimulate the immune system enhancing their anticancer potency is currently of utmost importance in the field. Herein, we report the development of a dideoxy derivative of cGAMP as a phosphotriester prodrug, where the negative charge of the phosphate backbone has been masked with a thioester. We found that this thioester‐protected compound features a dramatic increase in its cellular potency that rises from EC50=5 μM to 25 nM. The new compound is envisioned to enable an efficient STING‐agonist‐based anticancer therapy.
Light‐Responsive Aldehyde‐Reduction Catalysis Through Catalyst Encapsulation
Authors: Ghosh Amit , Thoburn John D. , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe report a light‐responsive tetrahedral metal–organic capsule that binds a perrhenate catalyst, which is released selectively upon irradiation with 350 nm light, turning on the catalytic reduction of organic carbonyls by hydrosilanes. The catalytic activity can be switched off by heating at 75 °C for 2.5 h, which stimulates capsule reformation and catalyst re‐encapsulation. Multiple on‐off cycles were shown, with a clear relationship between product yield and light irradiation time. Encapsulation thus enables the coupling of light‐responsiveness to catalysis in a manner that might be generalized to other catalysts and capsules.
A Heterogeneous Phosphomolybdate Nanocatalyst Utilizes Vitamin B1 to Promote Solvent‐Free H2O2 Sulfoxidation Selectivity
Authors: Nakhaei Omolfarveh , Rezaeifard Abdolreza , Jafarpour Maasoumeh , Khani Rouhollah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCatalyst design and fabrication with safe and affordable components and methods is a high‐value‐added business. In this work, a vitamin‐based hybrid nanomaterial (PMoB1) is prepared by simple stirring of thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1, VB1) as an inexpensive commercially available biologically active compound with phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12) in acidic aqueous solution to catalyze selective oxidation of sulfides using aqueous H2O2. A small amount of this heterogeneous catalyst drives rapidly the sulfoxidation reaction under mild and solvent‐free conditions facilitating the product separation and reducing significantly the environmental impacts. The main factors of the catalytic reaction were optimized by the central composite design (CCD) method. The solid catalyst tolerates a wide range of pH and retained its structural integrity even at alkaline solution (pH = 11). PMoB1 composed of two VB1 and one PMo12 was found to be partially reduced based on 13P NMR and UV–Vis spectra. An amorphous structure with aggregated nanoparticles with sizes ranging between 50 and 70 nm and a specific surface area of 35 m2/g are important reasons for enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity. Nevertheless, non‐covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and the π–π stacking can also significantly affect the catalyst performance. Given the scavenging tests and spectral evidences, a non‐radical mechanism involving peroxo species is postulated. The catalysis is shown to be truly heterogeneous while the solid catalyst largely maintains its structural integrity during the recycling test.
Pr3+‐Based Visible‐to‐Ultraviolet Upconversion. A minireview
Authors: Li Leipeng , Zi Lingzhu , Yang Furong , Feng Shiji , Wang Chunzheng , Yang Yanmin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOptical upconversion materials doped with lanthanides, such as Yb3+‐Er3+, Yb3+‐Ho3+, and Yb3+‐Tm3+ coped systems, have been intensively studied over the past two decades because they can convert long‐wavelength and low‐energy near‐infrared photons into short‐wavelength and high‐energy visible and UV light. Compared to these double‐doped systems, Pr3+‐doped inorganic materials are gradually gaining popularity and are expected to become a new hotspot in the field of upconversion materials research. However, comprehensive reviews of this issue are scarce. In this minireview, the basic characteristics of transitions of Pr3+ are briefly introduced. Next, it concentrates on strategies that have been explored for regulating the visible‐to‐UV upconversion efficiency. Subsequently, the potential applications of Pr3+‐doped visible‐to‐UV upconversion materials are summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and development trends are highlighted for Pr3+‐based visible‐to‐UV upconversion.
Do Positive and Negative Intergroup Contact Create Shifts in Ingroup and Outgroup Attitudes Over Time: A Three‐Wave Longitudinal Study Testing Alternative Mediation Models
Authors: Bagci Sabahat Cigdem , Çoksan Sami , Turnuklu Abbas , Tercan Mustafa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe current study investigated how contact experiences may be associated with attitudes towards the ingroup and the outgroup using a three‐wave longitudinal study. We assessed Turkish native children's contact with Syrian refugees (N = 487, Mage = 10.60, SDage = 0.90) and explored relationships between initial contact and later ingroup and outgroup attitudes testing alternative mediation models. We also examined whether negative contact with outgroup members may directly or indirectly predict more positive ingroup attitudes. Findings demonstrated that positive contact was associated with both reduced ingroup positivity and increased outgroup positivity over time. However, unlike the traditionally suggested mediational pathway in contact‐deprovincialization literature, initial positive contact (T1) was associated with less positive ingroup attitudes (T3) through more positive outgroup attitudes at T2. There was no evidence for the role of negative intergroup contact on ingroup or outgroup attitudes. Findings are discussed within the broader scope of contact theory and the recently growing deprovincialization literature. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
In Vitro Evaluation of Endocrine‐Related Adverse Effects of 5‐Fluoroindole Derived Melatonin Analogues with Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Ince‐Erguc Elif , Fatullayev Hanifa , Entezari Bita , Tekiner Betül , Süzen Sibel , Gurer‐Orhan Hande 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMelatonin (MLT) is a natural indolic hormone with well documented antioxidant properties, but it can also modulate the estrogen signaling pathway by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme and estrogen receptor modulating activity. This dual activity raises concerns about potential endocrine‐related adverse effects when using MLT and its analogues as therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress related diseases. In this study, 34 novel 5‐fluoroindole derivatives of MLT were synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant, estrogen receptor modulatory, and aromatase inhibitory activities.Three compounds (4c, 5c, and 6c) demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, with compound 4c showing the highest efficacy in reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 65 % in CHO‐K1 cells and displaying DPPH radical scavenging comparable to the standard antioxidant, BHT. However, these same compounds also exhibited antiestrogenic effects in the E‐Screen assay, with IC50 values of 3.36×10−5 M, 1.31×10−7 M, and 1.9×10−7 M, respectively, and inhibited aromatase activity by up to 29 % in a direct enzymatic assay. These findings indicate that, while the compounds have potent antioxidant properties, their significant antiestrogenic and aromatase inhibitory activities may pose risks for unintended endocrine related effects. Further studies are needed to better understand the implications of these activities in vivo and to balance the benefits and risks of such compounds in therapeutic applications.
Understanding factors that influence students' sense of belonging and engagement in a career exploration program: A mixed methods study
Authors: Watson Kathryn , Mahatmya Duhita , Ali Saba , Nicpon Megan Foley , Assouline Susan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Talent Identification and Career Exploration (TICE) program, funded by a Jacob K. Javits grant, focuses on increasing underrepresented students’ participation in gifted and talented programs. Early identification for gifted and talented programs expands student learning experiences, and when students from marginalized groups are not identified, they are denied equal opportunity to maximize their potential and enter the appropriate career path. This study focused on sixth‐ and seventh‐grade students from a predominantly rural midwestern state who participated in TICE from 2020 to 2022. Students engaged in four modules focused on sensemaking of their strengths and potential future career matches. This mixed‐methods study used student feedback to understand the relationship between students’ feelings of belonging and learning format on student enjoyment of the modules. Results show that students’ sense of belonging was a significant predictor of student enjoyment for two of the four modules, and learning format was not a significant predictor of student enjoyment. Qualitative data revealed students valued working with each other and learned about themselves and careers for which they would be a potential match. Findings from the study can be applied to inform the development, implementation, and evaluation of school‐based career interventions for talented student populations.
Basics and Advances of Manganese‐Based Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hashem Abdelmohsen Ahmed , El‐khodary Sherif A. , Ismail Nahla , Song Zhilong , Lian Jiabiao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIt is greatly crucial to develop low‐cost energy storage candidates with high safety and stability to replace alkali metal systems for a sustainable future. Recently, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have received tremendous interest owing to their low cost, high safety, wide oxidation states, and sophisticated fabrication process. Nanostructured manganese (Mn)‐based oxides in different polymorphs are the potential cathode materials for the widespread application of ZIBs. However, Mn‐based oxide materials suffer from several drawbacks, such as low electronic/ionic conductivity and poor cycling performance. To overcome these issues, various structural modification strategies have been adopted to enhance their electrochemical activity, including phase/defect engineering, doping with foreign atoms (e. g., metal and/or nonmetal atoms), and coupling with carbon materials or conducting polymers. Herein, this review targets to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the above‐mentioned strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of the cathodic part of ZIBs. The challenges and suggestions for the development of manganese oxides for ZIBs are put forward.
Gender‐Based Differences in the Biomechanical Behavior of the Thorax During CPR Maneuvers
Authors: Ferrón‐Vivó María , Rupérez María José 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, 18 rib cages (8 males and 10 females) were segmented from computer tomography (CT) images. In order to analyze the potential differences in thoracic biomechanics during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), a set of numerical experiments was conducted using finite elements (FE). Compression forces were applied at different points on the rib cage. Results indicated that the optimal compression area for both sexes is the sternum at the 5th rib level, requiring the least force to achieve the desired compression depth. Males required greater force than females. Among females, those with lower width/depth ratios (more rounded thoracic shape) required less force compared to those with higher ratios (more oval‐shaped thorax).
Bonding Interaction Within Concentric Structural Layers in Gold Superatoms. The Concentric Bond
Authors: Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLigand‐protected gold clusters display a rich structural diversity, featuring remarkable structures such as Au25(SR)18, Au55(PPh3)12Cl6, and CuAu144(SR)603+, involving a central core composed of consecutive layers. The respective Au@Au12, Au@Au12@Au42, and Cu@Au12@Au42@Au60 cores with concentric structural layers enable a variable bonding/antibonding character between the electronic shells ascribed to each layer. Here, we rationalize the bonding within concentric structural layers in order to gain a further understanding of the related bonding patterns in such species. The proposed bonding concept differs from the classical situation in adjacent atoms, now being considered between concentric shells and, thus, coined as the concentric bond. From this approach, the bonding/antibonding character of each concentric shell is evaluated, and its contribution to the overall bonding is discussed. The concentric bond enables building a clear picture of the bonding acting in the overall cluster under the superatom concept. Such an approach expands the understanding of multi‐layered cluster cores and is useful to further rationalize the bonding situation in metallic nanostructures.