bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparent Gains, Hidden Costs: Examining Adoption Drivers, Yield, and Profitability Outcomes of Rotavator Tillage in Wheat Systems in Nepal
Authors: Paudel Gokul P. , Krishna Vijesh V. , McDonald Andrew J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ‘high speed’ rotavator is used for shallow tillage to create a fine tilth and incorporate crop residues, often with a single tractor pass. Rotavator tillage has spread quickly in many parts of South Asia, despite short‐term experimental trials suggesting deteriorating soil quality and crop yield penalties. Evidence of rotavator impacts on farmer fields across soil gradients and time is largely absent. From a farm household survey conducted among wheat farmers in Nepal, we estimate wheat yield and profitability outcomes for rotavator adopters and non‐adopters using propensity score matching. We find that rotavator adoption leads to inferior outcomes, despite significant cost savings for land preparation (US$ 11–15 per hectare). With rotavator adoption, farmers lose about 284–309 kg of wheat grain and about US$ 93–101 of profits on average per hectare per season, and these penalties increase with longer‐term use of the technology. Adoption of rotavator appears to be driven by the cost and time savings for land preparation. Against this backdrop, new policy and extension efforts are required that discourage rotavator use and favour more sustainable tillage technologies.
EAACI position paper: Influence of dietary fatty acids on asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis
Authors: Venter Carina , Meyer Rosan W. , Nwaru Bright I. , Roduit Caroline , Untersmayr Eva , Adel‐Patient Karine , Agache Ioana , Agostoni Carlo , Akdis Cezmi A. , Bischoff Stephan C. , du Toit George , Feeney Mary , Frei Remo , Garn Holger , Greenhawt Matthew , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Lunjani Nonhlanhla , Maslin Kate , Mills Clare , Muraro Antonella , Pali‐Schöll Isabella , Poulson Lars K. , Reese Imke , Renz Harald , Roberts Graham C. , Smith Peter , Smolinska Sylwia , Sokolowska Milena , Stanton Catherine , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber , O'Mahony Liam 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis has increased dramatically during the last decades, which is associated with altered environmental exposures and lifestyle practices. The purpose of this review was to highlight the potential role for dietary fatty acids, in the prevention and management of these disorders. In addition to their nutritive value, fatty acids have important immunoregulatory effects. Fatty acid‐associated biological mechanisms, human epidemiology, and intervention studies are summarized in this review. The influence of genetics and the microbiome on fatty acid metabolism is also discussed. Despite critical gaps in our current knowledge, it is increasingly apparent that dietary intake of fatty acids may influence the development of inflammatory and tolerogenic immune responses. However, the lack of standardized formats (ie, food versus supplement) and standardized doses, and frequently a lack of prestudy serum fatty acid level assessments in clinical studies significantly limit our ability to compare allergy outcomes across studies and to provide clear recommendations at this time. Future studies must address these limitations and individualized medical approaches should consider the inclusion of specific dietary factors for the prevention and management of asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis.
Tissue regeneration and the epididymal stem cell
Authors: Pinel L. , Mandon M. , Cyr D. G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn most pseudostratified epithelia, basal cells represent a multipotent adult stem cell population. These cells generally remain in a quiescent state, until they are stimulated to respond to tissue damage by initiating epithelial regeneration. In the epididymis, cell proliferation occurs at a relatively slow rate under normal physiological conditions. Epididymal basal cells have been shown to share common properties with multipotent adult stem cells. The development of organoids from stem cells represents a novel approach for understanding cellular differentiation and characterization of stem cells.ObjectiveTo review the literature on tissue regeneration in the epididymis and demonstrate the presence of an epididymal stem cell population.MethodsPubMed database was searched for studies reporting on cell proliferation, regeneration, and stem cells in the epididymis. Three‐dimensional cell culture of epididymal cells was used to determine whether these can develop into organoids in a similar fashion to stem cells from other tissues.ResultsThe epididymal epithelium can rapidly regenerate following orchidectomy or efferent duct ligation, in order to maintain epithelial integrity. Studies have isolated a highly purified fraction of rat epididymal basal cells and reported that these cells displayed properties similar to those of multipotent adult stem cells. In two‐dimensional cell culture conditions, these cells differentiated into cells which expressed connexin 26, a marker of columnar cells, and cytokeratin 8. Furthermore, three‐dimensional cell culture of epididymal cells resulted in the formation of organoids, a phenomenon associated with the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in vitro.ConclusionsThe rapid proliferation and tissue regeneration of the epididymal epithelium to preserve its integrity following tissue damage as well as the ability of cells to differentiate into organoids in vitro support the notion of a resident progenitor/stem cell population in the adult epididymis.
Blending practice worlds: Impact assessment as a transdisciplinary practice
Authors: Ormiston Jarrod 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrganisations with explicit social missions such as social enterprises, impact investors, nonprofits, and foundations are under increasing pressure to illustrate their impact on the social problems they claim to be addressing. These trends have resulted in an increasing sophistication of attempts to measure and report social impact across sectors. Despite the emerging literature on impact assessment, there is little research on how the growing emphasis on, and drive for, impact assessment is experienced in everyday organisational activities. This paper draws on practice theory to understand the purposes of impact assessment and how it influences, and is enacted in, everyday organisational activities. A multiple case design studies the purpose of impact assessment through qualitative interviews with over 90 practitioners within the Australian and United Kingdom impact investment ecosystems. The findings suggest that impact assessment should be understood as a transdisciplinary practice evolving from, and blending together with, multiple practice worlds such as strategy, accounting, marketing, and organisational learning. The main contributions of the paper are the development of the concept of impact assessment as a transdisciplinary practice and an empirical understanding of how impact assessment links to, and blends with, diverse practice worlds.
Inhibition of PI3K/mTOR increased the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to cisplatin via interference with mitochondrial‐lysosomal crosstalk
Authors: Sheng Jiyao , Shen Luyan , Sun Liankun , Zhang Xuewen , Cui Ranji , Wang Lizhong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe genotoxicity of cisplatin towards nuclear DNA is not sufficient to explain the cisplatin resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells; cisplatin interacts with many organelles, which can influence the sensitivity. Here, we explored the role of mitochondrial‐lysosomal crosstalk in the cisplatin resistance of HCC cells.Materials and methodsHuh7 and HepG2 cells were subjected to different treatments. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial mass, lysosomal function, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. Western blotting was performed to evaluate protein levels. The oxygen consumption rate was measured to evaluate mitochondrial function.ResultsCisplatin activated mitophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, resulting in crosstalk between mitochondria and lysosomes and cisplatin resistance in HCC cells. Furthermore, a combination of cisplatin with the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) inhibitor PKI‐402 induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization. This effect changed the role of the lysosome from a protective one to that of a cell death promoter, completely destroying the mitochondrial‐lysosomal crosstalk and significantly enhancing the sensitivity of HCC cells to cisplatin.ConclusionsThis is the first evidence of the importance of mitochondrial‐lysosomal crosstalk in the cisplatin resistance of HCC cells and of the destruction of this crosstalk by a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor to increase the sensitivity of HCC cells to cisplatin. This mechanism could be developed as a novel target for treatment of HCC in the future.
Dermoscopic similarity is an independent predictor of BRAF mutational concordance in multiple melanomas
Authors: Moscarella Elvira , Pellegrini Cristina , Pampena Riccardo , Argenziano Giuseppe , Manfredini Marco , Martorelli Claudia , Ciarrocchi Alessia , Dika Emi , Peris Ketty , Antonini Ambra , Cipolloni Gianluca , Alfano Roberto , Longo Caterina , Fargnoli Maria Concetta 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe association of clinical and dermoscopic features with BRAF mutational status has been poorly analysed in multiple primary melanomas (MPM).ObjectiveTo investigate whether concordance of BRAF mutational status is associated with dermoscopic similarity in multiple melanomas of the same patient.MethodsDermoscopic images and corresponding tissue sections of 124 melanomas from 62 patients with MPM were selected at four Italian Dermatology Departments. Similarity of dermoscopic appearance between multiple melanomas was evaluated according to the presence of the same prevalent dermoscopic feature. The BRAFV600 mutational status was analysed with allele‐specific TaqManTM assays or pyrosequencing. Spearman's correlation and univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.ResultsA similar dermoscopic appearance was identified in 38.7% (24/62) of patients with MPM and was correlated with older age at first diagnosis (rho: 0.26; P: 0.042) and occurrence on sun‐damaged skin (rho: 0.27; P: 0.037). The BRAFV600 mutation was detected in 39.5% (49/124) of the tumors and a concordant BRAF mutational status between melanomas in 33/62 (53.2%) MPM patients. Dermoscopically similar melanomas showed 5.7‐fold higher odds to be concordant for BRAF mutational status compared to dissimilar lesions (OR: 5.7; 95% CI 1.7‐19.5; P: 0.005).ConclusionDermoscopic similarity of multiple melanomas represents an independent clinical predictor of a concordant BRAF mutational status in MPM patients.
Fatigue performance of hybrid overlap friction stir welding and adhesive bonding of an Al‐Mg‐Cu alloy
Authors: Braga Daniel F.O. , Maciel Ricardo , Bergmann Luciano , da Silva Lucas F.M. , Infante Virginia , dos Santos Jorge F. , Moreira Pedro M.G.P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe need for weight reduction and leaner manufacturing and assembly processes in aircraft construction has led to the pursuit of welding technologies. One such technology that has been considered for this application is friction stir welding (FSW). Since it is a solid‐state joining method, it creates high performing joints in a wide range of materials while avoiding overlap lengths and added weight from fasteners, crack stoppers, doublers, etc. However, the adoption of this technology to the assembly of large fuselage shell components is challenging, due to geometric tolerance management requirements. In this paper, a hybrid joining method is proposed for such application, involving FSW and adhesive bonding. Fatigue performance of single lap joints of AA2024‐T3 Al‐Mg‐Cu alloy was assessed and benchmarked against FSW overlap and adhesive bonded joints. Significant strength and ductility increase was achieved through the hybridization of the overlap FSW joints. Fatigue strength of the hybrid joints was also higher than FSW overlap joints, although not as high as adhesive bonded joints.
Effects of porosity and pore distribution on static strength properties of porous zirconia
Authors: Bade Rojina , Miyazaki Natsumi , Hoshide Toshihiko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBulk porosity, along with size and spatial distribution of pores, play key roles in strength of porous ceramics, as reported in a study on porous alumina. Hence, a fracture mechanics procedure was proposed to evaluate their strength by presuming that behavior of pore distribution is equivalent to that of crack distribution, and each pore is surrounded by virtual crack. In contrast to alumina, zirconia has distinct spherical‐shaped pores. Moreover, its strength properties vary with stabilizing additives. In this research, strength properties of yttria‐stabilized zirconia ceramics were studied to verify applicability of the procedure proposed for simulating strength of porous ceramics. The effect of pore characteristics on static strength properties was determined experimentally and confirmed by Monte‐Carlo simulations. It was revealed that simulated strength coincided with experimental results within a narrow scatter band, ie, factor of 21/2. Therefore, the proposed procedure was found to be appropriate for estimating strength of porous zirconia.
Anthropocene, Capitalocene, … Plantationocene?: A Manifesto for Ecological Justice in an Age of Global Crises
Authors: Davis Janae , Moulton Alex A. , Van Sant Levi , Williams Brian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe “Plantationocene” has gained traction in the environmental humanities as a way of conceptualizing the current era otherwise nominated as the Anthropocene, Capitalocene, or the Chthulucene. For Donna Haraway, Anna Tsing, and their interlocutors, the concept suggests that our current ecological crisis is rooted in logics of environmental modernization, homogeneity, and control, which were developed on historical plantations. This paper argues that, while there is indeed a need to analyze the ways in which the plantation past shapes the present, current discussions of the Plantationocene have several crucial limitations. Here, we focus on two: first, the current multispecies framing conceptualizes the plantation largely as a system of human control over nature, obscuring the centrality of racial politics; and second, the emerging Plantationocene discussion has yet to meaningfully engage with the wide variety of existing critiques of the plantation mode of development. Thus, we draw on a deep well of Black geographic and ecological work that provides a powerful challenge to the ongoing colonial–racial legacies of the plantation, prompting consideration of white supremacy, capitalist development, and (mis)characterizations of what it means to be human. These approaches not only reveal a more nuanced and comprehensive analysis of the role of the plantation in current global crises but also highlight ongoing struggles and the possibilities of ecological justice in the future.
The changing face of immune tolerance induction in haemophilia A with the advent of emicizumab
Authors: Carcao Manuel , Escuriola‐Ettingshausen Carmen , Santagostino Elena , Oldenburg Johannes , Liesner Ri , Nolan Beatrice , Bátorová Angelika , Haya Saturnino , Young Guy ,   Future of Immunotolerance Treatment Group
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionAs a result of the new treatment paradigm that the haemophilia community will face with the availability of novel (non‐factor) therapies, an updated consensus on ITI recommendations and inhibitor management strategies is needed.AimThe Future of Immunotolerance Treatment (FIT) group was established to contemplate, determine and recommend the best management options for patients with haemophilia A and inhibitors.Discussion and ConclusionsDespite the considerable success of emicizumab in the management of inhibitor patients, the FIT group still sees the importance of eradicating inhibitors. However, the availability of emicizumab and other non‐factor therapies in the future might impact greatly on how ITI is undertaken. Theoretically, concomitant use of emicizumab and FVIII might allow emicizumab to effectively prevent bleeding with lower dose ITI regimens. This might allow for the greater adoption of low‐dose/low‐frequency FVIII ITI regimens, which may result in a reduced need for central venous access devices while still maintaining a reasonable likelihood of ITI success. The FIT group proposes a new management algorithm for current ITI (without emicizumab) and a hypothetical new approach with the availability of emicizumab. As there are no published data regarding the concomitant use of emicizumab and FVIII for ITI, the FIT Expert group encourages the undertaking of properly conducted prospective studies to explore these approaches further.
The most influential articles in Helicobacter pylori research: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Bang Chang Seok , Lee Jae Jun , Baik Gwang Ho 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe number of articles that researchers must be familiar with is increasing, along with the importance of selective searching and summarization. This study aimed to assess and characterize the most influential articles in Helicobacter pylori research.MethodsWe performed a search of the top‐100 cited articles using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Google Scholar from their inception to 2018. The top‐100 Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) articles based on online media mentions were also searched using the term H pylori. Each article was evaluated for the following characteristics: citation number, title, journal, publication year, and authorship.ResultsThe citation number for the top‐100 WoSCC articles ranged from 44 to 367. Gut published the largest number of articles (11%). In the top‐100 Google Scholar articles, Lancet had the largest number of articles (13%); however, among the top‐1000 cited articles published after 2012, Helicobacter published the largest number (46%). The largest number of top‐100 AAS articles was published by PLOS Pathogens (6%). PubMed Central articles' citations in WoSCC or Google Scholar showed significant correlation with those from each metric; however, AAS showed no correlation. The proportion of basic research was 36%‐37% in top‐cited articles; but, 52% in the top‐100 AAS articles. No time trend in the number of publications or citations of basic/clinical research in the top‐100 bibliometrics was found. "Meta‐analysis/systematic review," "gastric cancer," "eradication," and "association" were the most influential title words.ConclusionThis study presents a detailed list of top‐100 articles, journals, authors, and topic title words.
Political Activism and Research Ethics
Authors: Jones Ben 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThose who care about and engage in politics frequently fall victim to cognitive bias. Concerns that such bias impacts scholarship recently have prompted debates – notably, in philosophy and psychology – on the proper relationship between research and politics. One proposal emerging from these debates is that researchers studying politics have a professional duty to avoid political activism because it risks biasing their work. While sympathetic to the motivations behind this proposal, I suggest several reasons to reject a blanket duty to avoid activism: (1) even if it reduced bias, this duty would make unreasonable demands on researchers; (2) this duty could hinder research by limiting viewpoint diversity; (3) this duty wrongly implies that academia offers a relative haven from bias compared to politics; and (4) not all forms of political activism pose an equal risk of bias. None of these points suggest that researchers should ignore the risk of bias. Rather, researchers should focus on stronger evidence‐based strategies for reducing bias than a blanket recommendation to avoid politics.
Optimization of process conditions for vacuum microwave drying of lemon peel by response surface methodology: Quality characteristics and volatile compounds
Authors: Tekgül Yeliz , Baysal Taner 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated for to optimization of dried lemon peel production conditions in vacuum microwave dryer as a novel drying technique by using response surface methodology (RSM) and to observation of its effects on the quality and volatile compounds. The optimum vacuum power (584 watt) and temperature (50 °C) according to the highest b* value and limonene content while the minimum drying time occurs were estimated using RSM. The volatile constituents of fresh and dried lemon peels were investigated by headspace‐solid phase micro extraction‐gas chromatography mass spectrometry, as a result, 32 and 34 compounds were identified, respectively. Furthermore, quality characteristics of the optimally developed lemon powder were studied. Dried peels had higher conservation of total phenolic compounds than fresh samples. Drying significantly affected the volatile compounds, antioxidant activity, total carotenoid, and ascorbic acid contents of lemon peel powders.Practical applicationsDrying is an important food preservation method. However, the effets of drying methods and conditions on foods quality are not clear. This study presents optimum conditions for drying lemon peels in vacuum microwave dryer and appreciates effect of drying system on some quality characteristics and volatile compounds. The data of present study will give information to food industry for installing industrial scale drying systems for aromatic products. It will be contributed to the improvement of firms' conditions that already in production.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and family history in severe acne vulgaris
Authors: Sorour Neveen E. , Mustafa Amany I. , Alhusseni Naglaa F. , Fawzy Eman , Amer Aml G. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundAcne vulgaris is an inflammatory disorder with a profound heterogenous aetio‐pathophysiology. ACE gene I/D polymorphism affects angiotensin‐converting enzyme activities that play a role in inflammation. However, there are no molecular genetic studies investigating the contribution of ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in the genetic background of acne vulgaris.AimsThe aim of this work was to reveal the relation between the ACE gene I/D polymorphism and acne vulgaris development among a sample of patients.Patients and MethodsThis study included 100 acne vulgaris patients in addition to 120 matched control subjects. The ACE gene I/D polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsThe distribution of DD, ID genotypes, and D allele showed higher frequency in AV patients than in controls (P < 0.001 for all). Moreover, positive family history and ACEI/D gene polymorphism (DD + ID genotypes) were considered as independent predictors for severe acne grades (P ≤ 0.001 and 0.046, respectively) in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe current study results suggest that the D allele of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism might confer risk to AV among the studied patients. Moreover, ACE I/D gene polymorphism and positive family history were considered as independent predictors of severe AV.