bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐367 as a therapeutic target in stem‐like cells from embryonal central nervous system tumors
Authors: Kaid Carolini , Jordan Dione , Bueno Heloisa Maria de Siqueira , Araujo Bruno Henrique Silva , Assoni Amanda , Okamoto Oswaldo Keith 
Published: August 2019

Aberrant expression of the pluripotency factor OCT4A in embryonal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) is a key factor that contributes to tumor aggressiveness and correlates with poor patient survival. OCT4A overexpression has been shown to up‐regulate miR‐367, a microRNA (miRNA) that regulates pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and stem‐like aggressive traits in cancer cells. Here, we show that (a) miR‐367 is carried in microvesicles derived from embryonal CNS tumor cells expressing OCT4A; and (b) inhibition of miR‐367 in these cells attenuates their aggressive traits. miR‐367 silencing in OCT4A‐overexpressing tumor cells significantly reduced their proliferative and invasive behavior, clonogenic activity, and tumorsphere generation capability. In vivo, targeting of miR‐367 through direct injections of a specific inhibitor into the cerebrospinal fluid of Balb/C nude mice bearing OCT4A‐overexpressing tumor xenografts inhibited tumor development and improved overall survival. miR‐367 was also shown to target SUZ12, one of the core components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 known to be involved in epigenetic silencing of pluripotency‐related genes, including POU5F1, which encodes OCT4A. Our findings reveal possible clinical applications of a cancer stemness pathway, highlighting miR‐367 as a putative liquid biopsy biomarker that could be further explored to improve early diagnosis and prognosis prediction, and potentially serve as a therapeutic target in aggressive embryonal CNS tumors.
Software Reliability
Authors: Kuo Lynn , Chiang I. Robert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe demand for complex software systems has increased more rapidly than the ability to design, implement, test, and maintain them, and the reliability of software systems has become a major concern for our modern society. Many major disruptions in the financial, transportation, and other industry sectors were due to computer software failures. This article focuses on the modeling, measurements, and recent trends of software testing and reliability.
James–Stein Estimator: Introduction
Authors: Baer Benjamin R. , Wells Martin T. , Casella George 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor a multivariate normal distribution with independent components, the observed vector is an inadmissible estimator of the mean vector. The James–Stein estimator defines a statistic with lower squared error loss than the observed vector. It has led to research into families of minimax estimators, some of which are summarized.
Generalized Pairwise Comparisons
Authors: Buyse Marc 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U‐statistic can be extended to perform generalized pairwise comparisons between two groups of observations. The observations are outcomes captured by a single variable, possibly repeatedly measured, or by several variables of any type (e.g., discrete, continuous, and time‐to‐event). Generalized pairwise comparisons can include an arbitrary number of (possibly prioritized) outcomes and thresholds of clinical relevance. They extend standard nonparametric tests and lead to a general measure of the difference between the groups, the “net benefit,” which is the probability that a patient randomly selected from the treatment group has a better outcome than a patient randomly selected from the control group, minus the probability of the opposite situation.
Copper‐Zinc Superoxide Dismutases in Plants: Evolution, Enzymatic Properties, and Beyond
Authors: Dreyer Bernd H. , Schippers Jos H. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSuperoxide dismutase (SOD) is a primary antioxidant enzyme that can be found in organisms from all kingdoms of life. Its date of origin indicates a pivotal role in the evolution of life on our planet. The SOD family is subdivided into different classes based upon the metal‐cofactor these enzymes use. In this article, we specifically emphasise the role and appearance of the youngest enzyme, copper‐zinc SOD (CuZnSOD). We discuss the evolution of CuZnSODs and the emergence of COPPER CHAPERONE FOR SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (CCS) proteins. SODs were initially appreciated for their antioxidant properties and potential to improve plant stress tolerance. However, recent findings indicate a role for SODs in maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) gradients to guide plant developmental processes. Moreover, after nearly 50 years of research on SODs, these enzymes still hold many surprises as evidenced by the recent finding that SOD in yeast acts as a transcriptional regulator. In this article, we aim at giving an overview of the current knowledge on SODs in plants and highlight avenues for future research endeavours, as there is still so much to learn.
Recent Progress in CVD Growth of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Related Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yao Yuyu , Sendeku Marshet Getaye , Yin Lei , Zhan Xueying , Wang Feng , Wang Zhenxing , He Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, 2D layered materials have received considerable research interest on account of their substantial material systems and unique physicochemical properties. Among them, 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), a star family member, have already been explored over the last few years and have exhibited excellent performance in electronics, catalysis, and other related fields. However, to fulfill the requirement for practical application, the batch production of 2D TMDs is essential. Recently, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique was considered as an elegant alternative for successfully growing 2D TMDs and their heterostructures. The latest research advances in the controllable synthesis of 2D TMDs and related heterostructures/superlattices via the CVD approach are illustrated here. The controlled growth behavior, preparation strategies, and breakthroughs on the synthesis of new 2D TMDs and their heterostructures, as well as their unique physical phenomena, are also discussed. Recent progress on the application of CVD‐grown 2D materials is revealed with particular attention to electronics/optoelectronic devices and catalysts. Finally, the challenges and future prospects are considered regarding the current development of 2D TMDs and related heterostructures.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Self‐Organized Helical Superstructure in Orientationally Ordered Fluids
Authors: Wang Hao , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , McConney Michael E. , Urbas Augustine M. , Bunning Timothy J. , Li Quan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLight‐induced phenomena occurring in nature and in synthetic materials are fascinating and have been exploited for technological applications. Here visible‐light‐induced formation of a helical superstructure is reported, i.e., a cholesteric liquid crystal phase, in orientationally ordered fluids, i.e., nematic liquid crystals, enabled by a visible‐light‐driven chiral molecular switch. The cyclic‐azobenzene‐based chiral molecular switch exhibits reversible photoisomerization in response to visible light of different wavelengths due to the band separation of n–π* transitions of its trans‐ and cis‐isomers. Green light (530 nm) drives the trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization whereas the cis‐to‐trans isomerization process of the chiral molecular switch can be caused by blue light (440 nm). It is observed that the helical twisting power of this chiral molecular switch increases upon irradiation with green light, which enables reversible induction of helical superstructure in nematic liquid crystals containing a very small quantity of the molecular switch. The occurrence of the light‐induced helical superstructure enables the formation of diffraction gratings in cholesteric films.
Palladium‐Mediated Cleavage of Proteins with Thiazolidine‐Modified Backbone in Live Cells
Authors: Mann Guy , Satish Gandhesiri , Meledin Roman , Vamisetti Ganga B. , Brik Ashraf 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChemical protein synthesis and biorthogonal modification chemistries allow production of unique proteins for a range of biological studies. Bond‐forming reactions for site‐selective protein labeling are commonly used in these endeavors. Selective bond‐cleavage reactions, however, are much less explored and still pose a great challenge. In addition, most of studies with modified proteins prepared by either total synthesis or semisynthesis have been applied mainly for in vitro experiments with very limited extension to live cells. Reported here is an approach for studying uniquely modified proteins containing a traceless cell delivery unit and palladium‐based cleavable element for chemical activation, and monitoring the effect of these proteins in live cells. This approach is demonstrated for the synthesis of a caged ubiquitin‐aldehyde, which was decaged for the inhibition of deubiquitinases in live cells.
Andrographolide solid dispersions formulated by Soluplus to enhance interface wetting, dissolution, and absorption
Authors: Song Bing , Wang Jian , Lu Si‐Jing , Shan Li‐Na 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAndrographolide (ADG) had profound functions as drug health‐care product. To improve ADG application in medical care, solid dispersion technique was introduced. Initially, several polymers were chosen to prepare ADG solid dispersion using hot‐melt extrusion. Working mechanisms of ADG solid dispersion, which include molecular docking and wetting property, were studied. The strongest molecular binding energy of ADG with Soluplus contributed to carrier‐controlled mechanism, leading to its highest drug dissolution. Soluplus as solid dispersion excipient could significantly improve drug absorption. In addition, ADG solid dispersions formulated by Soluplus were prepared and studied, and the ratios of drug to polymer were 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, and 1:12, respectively. It demonstrated that hydrogen bond interactions were formed between ADG and Soluplus based on infrared (IR) spectroscopy analysis. The characteristic peaks of crystal state of ADG at 11.97°, 14.95°, 15.86°, and 9.78° disappeared in ADG solid dispersion, demonstrating that excipient was efficient in transforming drug crystal state to amorphous phase by interacting with ADG. ADG‐Soluplus solid dispersion of 1:7 turned out to be the best with maximum cumulative release amount of more than 80%, whereas other ADG solid dispersions were in the range of 60–70%. The cumulative release amount of pure ADG was below 20%. Comparing with the oral administration of pure ADG, we found that the mean Cmax and AUC values of ADG for ADG‐Soluplus solid dispersion were approximately increased 1.96‐ to 2.53‐fold. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48354.
Enrichment of bread with fruits and vegetables: Trends and strategies to increase functionality
Authors: Betoret Ester , Rosell Cristina M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesFunctional foods have become a reality that can complete the nutritional needs of a specific segment of the population. Cereal products have been traditionally the election foodstuff for enrichment campaigns; however, the food matrix and processing can have a significant influence on the bioactivity of the key compounds. The aim of this review is to present an overview on the trends followed during the last years in the enrichment of bread, deepening on the enrichment with fruits and vegetables.FindingsIngredient incorporation form has an influence on the water interactions and on the retention of bioactive compounds. The negative effects related to the application of high temperature in baking operation can be minimized by selecting the source of origin, managing the technological properties of the final products, or incorporating ingredients that create protective structures. The incorporation of fruits and vegetables increased significantly the total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of enriched breads.ConclusionsIncreasing the knowledge on the effect of process conditions and the interactions established among bioactive compounds can contribute clearly to increase the functionality of enriched bread.Significance and noveltyThe effect of bread processing on bioactive compounds is analyzed emphasizing the effect on the structure and the interactions established in order to identify strategies that could increase the functionality of the final products developed.
Interfacial Reactions of Tetraphenylporphyrin with Cobalt‐Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Wechsler Daniel , Fernández Cynthia C. , Tariq Quratulain , Tsud Nataliya , Prince Kevin C. , Williams Federico J. , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Lytken Ole 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe have studied the adsorption and interfacial reactions of 2H‐tetraphenylporphyrin (2HTPP) with cobalt‐terminated Co3O4(111) and oxygen‐terminated CoO(111) thin films using synchrotron‐radiation X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Already at 275 K, we find evidence for the formation of a metalated species, most likely CoTPP, on both surfaces. The degree of self‐metalation increases with temperature on both surfaces until 475 K, where the metalation is almost complete. At 575 K the porphyrin coverage decreases drastically on the reducible cobalt‐terminated Co3O4(111) surface, while higher temperatures are needed on the non‐reducible oxygen‐terminated CoO(111). The low temperature self‐metalation is similar to that observed on MgO(100) surfaces, but drastically different from that observed on TiO2(110), where no self‐metalation is observed at room temperature.
Use of a Food Web Bioaccumulation Model to Uncover Spatially Integrated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposures in Detroit River Sport Fish
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Mcleod Anne M. , Bhavsar Satyendra P. , Bohr Joseph , Grgicak-Mannion Alice , Drouillard Ken 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We applied and tested a bioenergetic-based, steady-state food web bioaccumulation model to predict polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures in sport fish of the Detroit River (USA–Canada), which is a Great Lakes area of concern. The PCB concentrations in the sediment and water of the river were found to exhibit high spatial variation. The previously contained areas of high contamination may have spread to adjacent food webs as a result of fish movements. This process may cause biased predictions in single-compartment bioaccumulation models. We performed multiple simulations and contrasted model predictions against a database of 1152 fish sample records comprising 19 sport fish species. The simulations evaluated 4 spatial scales (river-wide, 2-nation, 4-zone, and 6-zone models) to reveal how the spatial heterogeneity of contamination and species-specific movements contribute to variation in fish PCB exposures. The model testing demonstrated that the 2-nation model provided the most accurate global prediction of fish contamination. However, these improvements were not equally observed across all species. The model was subsequently calibrated for poorly performing species, by allowing cross-zone exposures, demonstrating the importance of accounting for specific ecological factors, such as fish movement, to improve PCB bioaccumulation prediction, especially in highly heterogeneous water systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2771–2784. © 2019 SETAC
Malnutrition evaluation in head and neck cancer patients: Practice patterns among otolaryngologists and radiation oncologists
Authors: Gill Amarbir S. , Kinzinger Michael , Bewley Arnaud F. , Farwell D. Gregory , Moore Michael G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPhysician practice patterns regarding diagnosis and management of malnutrition in the head and neck cancer patient population are not well studied.MethodsA 17‐question survey was distributed to 1392 members of the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS). The impact of hospital type, fellowship training, experience, and specialty was assessed.ResultsAmong AHNS members, there were 124 total respondents (9% response rate), including both otolaryngologists and radiation oncologists. Respondents strongly agreed (90%) that malnutrition negatively impacts patient outcomes. The majority (63%) felt comfortable screening for malnutrition, but 13% reported no routine assessment of malnutrition; 57% were unfamiliar with relevant guidelines. Barriers to screening included lack of familiarity with screening tools/guidelines, lack of time, and lack of access to dietitian.ConclusionAlthough there was a strong consensus among respondents that the identification and management of malnutrition among head and neck cancer patients is critical, familiarity with relevant guidelines was poor.
Building the health workforce: Saudi Arabia's challenges in achieving Vision 2030
Authors: Albejaidi Fahad , Nair Kesavan S. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundSaudi Arabia's Vision 2030 represents a major structural shift in all economic sectors. Health care is one of the largest sectors significantly contributing to achievement of the visionObjectivesTo provide an overview of health workforce in Saudi Arabia and identify various critical issues and challenges that need to be addressed in achieving health system goals envisaged in the Vision.MethodsThis paper is based on extensive review of literature conducted to stimulate pertinent descriptive information on health workforce in Saudi Arabia.FindingsSaudi nationals constitute 44% of all health workforce and 29.5% of all physicians employed by the health system. Among Saudi nationals, there is a significant underrepresentation of females except in the nursing profession. The health workforce is beleaguered with numerical inadequacy, skill imbalance, gender disparity, and access issues.ConclusionHealth system needs to adopt a rigorous approach by investing heavily on medical, nursing, and other specialized fields of education. Planning for the health workforce needs to adopt appropriate strategies that reflect all aspects including the number, skills, and gender distribution for meeting the future health needs of population to facilitate achievement of Vision.
Identification of a multidimensional transcriptome prognostic signature for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ye Jing , Liu Hui , Xu Zhi‐Li , Zheng Ling , Liu Rong‐Yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the leading contributors to cancer‐related deaths worldwide. The objective of the current study is to identify a multidimensional transcriptome prognostic signature by combining protein‐coding gene (PCG) with long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) for patients with LUAD.MethodsWe obtained LUAD PCG and lncRNA expression profile data from three datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus database and conducted survival analyzes for these individuals.ResultsWe established a predictive model comprising the three PCGs (NHLRC2, PLIN5, GNAI3), and one lncRNA (AC087521.1). This model segregated patients with LUAD into low‐ and high‐risk groups based on significant differences in survival in the training dataset (GSE31210, n = 226, log‐rank test P < .001). Risk stratification of the model was subsequently validated in other two test datasets (GSE37745, n = 106, log‐rank test P < .001; GSE30219, n = 85, log‐rank test P = .006). Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (timeROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the model correlated strongly with disease progression and outperformed pathological stage in terms of prognostic ability. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the signature could serve as an independent predictor of clinical outcomes in patients with LUAD.ConclusionsWe describe a novel multidimensional transcriptome signature that can predict survival probabilities in patients with LUAD.
Fabrication of PLLA with High Ductility and Transparence by Blending with Tiny Amount of PVDF and Compatibilizers
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Fei , Yu Qunli , Ni Chunjun , Gu Xiaoying , Li Yongjin , You Jichun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPoly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) with high ductility and transparence is fabricated by a blending tiny amount of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and reactive comb compatibilizers (RCC). Upon blending, the reaction between terminal carboxyl groups in PLLA and expoxy groups in RCC produces graft copolymer (PLLA‐g‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)), which locates at the PVDF/PLLA interface due to the balanced stress on two sides. On the one hand, the PVDF domain size decreases remarkably with the help of compatibilization, accounting for the excellent transparence. On the other hand, the interface is enhanced significantly, resulting in an activated PLLA layer surrounding PVDF domains. The thickness exhibits higher magnitude because of the high molecular weight of grafted PLLA (relative to premade compatibilizers). During uniaxial tension, the activated PLLA layers (in addition to PVDF) can cause effective energy absorption and dissipation in the case of percolation of them, which is the reason for the better ductility. These results provide an efficient strategy to improve the ductility and transparence simultaneously.
A note on a smooth projective surface with Picard number 2
Authors: Li Sichen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe characterize the integral Zariski decomposition of a smooth projective surface with Picard number 2 to partially solve a problem of B. Harbourne, P. Pokora, and H. Tutaj‐Gasinska [Electron. Res. Announc. Math. Sci. 22 (2015), 103–108].
Wastewater To Resource: Design of a Sustainable Phosphorus Recovery System
Authors: Duan Menglin , O'Dwyer Edward , Stuckey David C. , Guo Miao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo enable a more sustainable wastewater treatment processes, a transition towards resource recovery methods that have minimal environmental impact while being financially viable is imperative. Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource that is being discharged into the aqueous environment in excessive quantities. As such, understanding the financial and environmental effectiveness of different approaches for removing and recovering P from wastewater streams is important to reduce the overall impact of wastewater treatment. In this study, a process‐systems modelling framework for comprehensively evaluating these approaches in terms of both economic and environmental impacts is developed. Applying this framework, treatment pathways are designed, simulated and analysed to determine the most suitable approaches for P removal and recovery. The purpose of this methodology is not only to assist with plant design, but also to identify the principal economic and environmental factors acting as barriers to implementing a given technology, incorporating the impact of waste recovery. The results suggest that the chemical and ion‐exchange approaches studied deliver sustainable advantages over biological pathways, both economically and environmentally, with each possessing different strengths. The assessment methodology developed enables a more rational and environmentally sound wastewater plant design approach to be taken.
Pediatric Pulmonology Year in Review 2018: Rare lung disease, neuromuscular disease, and diagnostic testing
Authors: Gower William A. , Birnkrant David J. , Black Jane B. , Noah Terry L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPediatric Pulmonology publishes original research, case reports, and review articles on topics related to a wide range of children's respiratory disorders. In this article, we highlight the past year's publications in the topic areas of rare lung diseases, respiratory complications of neuromuscular disorders, and diagnostic testing, as well as selected literature in these areas from other journals.