bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Pesticide Residue in Tomatoes by Carbon Nanotubes/β‐Cyclodextrin Nanocomposite Reinforced Hollow Fiber Coupled with HPLC
Authors: Ding Yawen , Song Xinyue , Chen Juan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFor addressing the issues of pesticide residue analysis characterized by the trace levels of target analytes and the complexity of sample matrices, a selective extracting material, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) nanocomposite reinforced hollow fiber (HF), was developed. CNTs were chemically modified with β‐CD and then the resultant nanocomposite was immobilized into the wall pores and lumen of HF by sol‐gel technology. The reinforced HF was applied to direct‐immersion mode of solid phase microextraction for the determination of carbaryl and 1‐naphthol in tomatoes, coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. The proposed method provided 240‐ and 215‐fold enrichment factors, good linearity in the range of 0.6 to 600 ng/g and 0.2 to 600 ng/g, good repeatability with RSDs of 4.5% and 6.9%, and batch‐to‐batch reproducibility with RSDs of 7.4% and 8.3% for 1‐naphthol and carbaryl, respectively. Moreover, the low limits of detection at 0.05 and 0.15 ng/g for 1‐naphthol and carbaryl, respectively, along with the high recovery in the range of 84.2% to 108.9% were obtained. The results showed that the material combined the respective advantages of CNTs, β‐CD, and HF, thus, exhibiting efficient adsorption property, outstanding molecular recognition performance, and excellent sample clean‐up effect, and it is applicable for pesticide residue analysis in complex matrices.Practical ApplicationThe developed extracting material can be used for pesticide residue analysis of tomatoes. Pesticides, carbaryl, and 1‐naphthol were detected in tomatoes, the most popular vegetable grown and consumed globally. The results supported the necessity to monitor pesticide residue for public health.
Vertebroplasty for acute painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: An update
Authors: Lamanna Anthony , Maingard Julian , Kok Hong Kuan , Ranatunga Dinesh , Looby Seamus T , Brennan Paul , Chua Michelle , Owen Andrew , Brooks Duncan Mark , Chandra Ronil V , Asadi Hamed 
Published: May 2019

SummaryVertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are a common cause of back pain and disability and are usually osteoporotic in nature. Therapy aims to adequately control pain and allow early mobilisation and return of function while preventing additional fractures. A proportion of patients do not achieve adequate pain relief using conservative measures alone. Unwanted adverse effects from medications may also ensue. Vertebroplasty represents an alternative treatment option forVCFs. Patients with acuteVCFs (≤6 weeks old) may gain the most benefit from vertebroplasty as healed fractures are not as amenable to cement injection. High‐quality studies have reported conflicting results regarding the use of vertebroplasty in the treatment of acuteVCFs. Despite high‐quality evidence, varying study designs and heterogenous patient cohorts make interpretation of this data difficult. Only one sham‐controlled randomised controlled trial (RCT) has evaluated vertebroplasty exclusively in patients with acuteVCFs, reporting favourable results. Pooled data fromRCTs also suggest vertebroplasty to be safe. This article provides a concise and critical review of the current literature regarding vertebroplasty for the treatment of acuteVCFs.
The olfactory subgenome and specific odor recognition in forest musk deer
Authors: Bu P. , Jian Z. , Koshy J. , Shen Y. , Yue B. , Fan Z. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryOlfactory receptors (ORs) are encoded by OR genes. The OR genes in forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), which rely on olfaction for reproductive and social communication, are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the genome sequence of the forest musk deer to obtain its olfactory subgenome and compared it to other species. A total of 1378 OR‐related sequences were detected in the forest musk deer genome including 864 functional genes, 366 pseudogenes and 148 partial genes. These OR genes were classified into Class I and Class II and were further classified into 18 families and 244 subfamilies through sequence identity. Comparative analyses of the OR genes’ protein sequences in species from different orders (forest musk deer, human, mouse and dog) showed that 12 clusters were specific to forest musk deer. However, when compared to other Artiodactyl species (i.e. cattle, yak and pig) only two clusters were specific to forest musk deer. The odor identification potential of the OR genes in the forest musk deer was focused mainly on floral, woody, lemon, sweet and fatty odors. We also found that OR genes specific to forest musk deer were involved in the identification of spearmint and caraway. Our work is the first genome‐wide analysis of OR genes in forest musk deer. These findings will assist with better understanding the relationship between behavior and olfaction in the forest musk deer and the characteristics of the olfactory subgenome in Artiodactyl mammals.
Populism and British Stories of Decline
Authors: Murphy Joshua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe British Empire reached its territorial peak less than a century ago in 1920 when one could walk from South Africa to Kuwait and not set foot in a country in which English was not the language of government. By 1959, India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Egypt, Sudan, and other countries were no longer within Britain's imperial fold. In the space of little more than 30 years, the British Empire suffered a precipitous decline and collapse that left the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland little more than the rump successor state of a once great empire. Yet, imperial attitudes lingered and have an undue influence on British life, culture, and politics up to the present day. Through the lens of pivotal moments in the world since World War II, this article examines the breakup of the British Empire and how the vision of empire lives on in the context of global populism.
The Nevada Water Law of 1913: A Populist Response to Progressivism
Authors: McFarlane Richard A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDuring the latter half of the 19thcentury, Americans who settled the arid West needed to compromise with their populist notions of individualism derived from the Jeffersonian ethic of the early 19thcentury and adopt progressive communitarian practices in order to provide water by means of irrigation. The struggle to deal with water rights in Nevada, culminating in passage of the Nevada Water Law of 1913, particularly illustrated this conflict between individualism and communitarianism.
Selection of antimicrobial frog peptides and temporin‐1DRa analogues for treatment of bacterial infections based on their cytotoxicity and differential activity against pathogens
Authors: Gaiser Rogier A. , Ayerra Mangado Jaione , Mechkarska Milena , Kaman Wendy E. , van Baarlen Peter , Conlon J. Michael , Wells Jerry M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCationic, amphipathic, α‐helical host‐defense peptides (HDPs) that are naturally secreted by certain species of frogs (Anura) possess potent broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity and show therapeutic potential as alternatives to treat infections by multidrug‐resistant pathogens. Fourteen amphibian skin peptides and twelve analogues of temporin‐1DRa were studied for their antimicrobial activities against clinically relevant human or animal skin infection‐associated pathogens. For comparison, antimicrobial potencies of frog skin peptides against a range of probiotic lactobacilli were determined. We used the VITEK 2 system to define a profile of antibiotic susceptibility for the bacterial panel. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the naturally occurring temporin‐1DRa, CPF‐AM1, alyteserin‐1c, hymenochirin‐2B, and hymenochirin‐4B for pathogenic bacteria were threefold to ninefold lower than the values for the tested probiotic strains. Similarly, temporin‐1DRa and its [Lys4], [Lys5], and [Aib8] analogues showed fivefold to 6.5‐fold greater potency against the pathogens. In the case of PGLa‐AM1, XT‐7, temporin‐1DRa and its [D‐Lys8] and [Aib13] analogues, no apoptosis or necrosis was detected in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells at concentrations below or above the MIC. Given the differential activity against commensal bacteria and pathogens, some of these peptides are promising candidates for further development into therapeutics for topical treatment of skin infections.
Vesicular swelling in the cervical region with lymph sac formation in human embryos
Authors: Ohga Ayako , Sakamoto Rino , Yamada Shigehito , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVesicular swelling in the cervical region (VSC) is occasionally observed among human embryos around Carnegie stage (CS) 21. However, its mechanism and significance in fetal development are unclear. The present study aimed to analyze the relation of development of VSC with jugular lymph sac (JLS) formation. Serial histological sections that were digitalized from 14 embryos at CS20 and CS21 stored at the Kyoto Collection were used for the analysis. Subcutaneous edema and enlargement of the subarachnoid space were found to cause VSC. No obvious abnormalities in cranial regions that may be related to the VSC were detected on histological sections. Three‐dimensional reconstructions revealed the following: (a) the JLS was located bilaterally at the levels between the first and fourth cervical vertebrae; (b) the JLS was pyramidal in shape; and (c) no severe deformity and/or malformation was found in all samples. The JLS was not connected to the subcutaneous tissue and subarachnoid space in all samples. The mean volume of the JLS increased nine‐times from CS20 (0.02 mm3 in VSC [−] group) to CS21 (0.18 mm3 in VSC [−] group). The mean volume of the JLS was comparable between the VSC [−] and VSC (+) groups at both CS20 and CS21. A moderate correlation was observed between VSCd and the mean volume of the JLS in both groups at CS20 (R2 = 0.75) and CS21 (R2 = 0.56). In conclusion, the dynamics of the lymphatic system at the cervical region may contribute to VSC observed around CS21. © 2019 Japanese Teratology Society
An evolutionary‐based approach for dealing with numerical and categorical attributes in ILP
Authors: Muñoz‐Texzocotetla Orlando , MacKinney‐Romero René 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInductive logic programming (ILP) induces concepts from a set of positive examples, a set of negative examples, and background knowledge. ILP has been applied on tasks such as natural language processing, finite element mesh design, network mining, robotics, and drug discovery. These data sets usually contain numerical and multivalued categorical attributes; however, only a few relational learning systems are capable of handling them in an efficient way. In this paper, we present an evolutionary approach, called Grouping and Discretization for Enriching the Background Knowledge (GDEBaK), to deal with numerical and multivalued categorical attributes in ILP. This method uses evolutionary operators to create and test numerical splits and subsets of categorical values in accordance with a fitness function. The best subintervals and subsets are added to the background knowledge before constructing candidate hypotheses. We implemented GDEBaK embedded in Aleph and compared it to lazy discretization in Aleph and discretization in Top‐down Induction of Logical Decision Trees (TILDE) systems. The results obtained showed that our method improves accuracy and reduces the number of rules in most cases. Finally, we discuss these results and possible lines for future work.
Intra‐abdominal infections in solid organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Authors: Haidar Ghady , Green Michael ,   the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis new guideline from the AST IDCOP reviews intra‐abdominal infections (IAIs), which cause substantial morbidity and mortality among abdominal SOT recipients. Each transplant type carries unique risks for IAI, though peritonitis occurs in all abdominal transplant recipients. Biliary infections, bilomas, and intra‐abdominal and intrahepatic abscesses are common after liver transplantation and are associated with the type of biliary anastomosis, the presence of vascular thrombosis or ischemia, and biliary leaks or strictures. IAIs after kidney transplantation include renal and perinephric abscesses and graft‐site candidiasis, which is uncommon but may require allograft nephrectomy. Among pancreas transplant recipients, duodenal anastomotic leaks can have catastrophic consequences, and polymicrobial abscesses can lead to graft loss and death. Intestinal transplant recipients are at the highest risk for sepsis, infection due to multidrug‐resistant organisms, and death from IAI, as the transplanted intestine is a contaminated, highly immunological, pathogen‐rich organ. Source control and antibiotics are the cornerstone of the management of IAIs. Empiric antimicrobial regimens should be tailored to local susceptibility patterns and pathogens with which the patient is known to be colonized, with subsequent optimization once the results of cultures are reported.
Consciences bound and liberated
Authors: Hopgood Miles 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA hallmark of Martin Luther's theology was his persistent concern for the individual's conscience before God. Nowhere were these concerns felt more deeply than in Luther's understanding of church reform, where he sought to introduce change in a way that did not introduce doubt or impede faith. Among Lutherans in North America, respect for conscience has found a second home in how early Lutherans attempted to establish an American identity for themselves and reconsider their ecumenical relations. After briefly outlining Luther's use of the appeal to conscience, this paper looks at its use in early North American Lutheranism in the thought of Samuel Simon Schmucker before finally considering its use in the twenty‐first century.
Mechanisms structuring host–parasitoid networks in a global warming context: a review
Authors: Thierry Mélanie , Hrček Jan , Lewis Owen T. 
Published: May 2019

1. In natural communities, multiple host and parasitoid species are linked to form complex networks of trophic and non‐trophic interactions. Understanding how these networks will respond to global warming is of wide relevance for agriculture and conservation.2. This study synthesises the emerging evidence surrounding host–parasitoid networks in the context of global warming. The suite of direct and indirect interaction types within host–parasitoid networks is summarised, as well as their sensitivity to temperature changes. The study also compiles and reviews studies investigating the responses of whole host–parasitoid networks to increasing temperatures or proxy variables. The findings reveal there is limited evidence overall for the prediction that parasitism will be reduced under global warming: approximately equal numbers of studies show elevated and reduced parasitism.3. Increasingly, endosymbiotic bacteria are recognised as influential mediators of host–parasitoid interactions. These endosymbionts can change how individual species respond to global warming, and their effects can cascade to affect whole host–parasitoid networks. The evidence that symbiotic bacteria are likely to affect the response of host–parasitoid networks to global warming is reviewed. Symbionts can protect hosts from their parasitoids or influence thermal tolerance of their host species. Furthermore, the symbionts themselves can be impacted by global warming.4. Finally, the study considers the most promising avenues for future research into the mechanisms structuring host–parasitoid networks in the context of global warming. Alongside the increasing availability of modern molecular methods to document the structure of real, species‐rich host–parasitoid networks, the study highlights the utility of manipulative experiments and mathematical models.
Acoustic activity across a seabird colony reflects patterns of within‐colony flight rather than nest density
Authors: Arneill Gavin E. , Critchley Emma Jane , Wischnewski Saskia , Jessopp Mark J. , Quinn John L. 
Published: May 2019

Passive acoustic monitoring is increasingly being used as a cost‐effective way to study wildlife populations, especially those that are difficult to census using conventional methods. Burrow‐nesting seabirds are among the most threatened birds globally, but they are also one of the most challenging taxa to census, making them prime candidates for research into such automated monitoring platforms. Passive acoustic monitoring has the potential to determine presence/absence or quantify burrow‐nesting populations, but its effectiveness remains unclear. We compared passive acoustic monitoring, tape‐playbacks andGPStracking data to investigate the ability of passive acoustic monitoring to capture unbiased estimates of within‐colony variation in nest density for the Manx ShearwaterPuffinus puffinus. Variation in acoustic activity across 12 study plots on an island colony was examined in relation to burrow density and environmental factors across 2 years. As predicted fewer calls were recorded when wind speed was high, and on moon‐lit nights, but there was no correlation between acoustic activity and the density of breeding birds within the plots as determined by tape‐playback surveys. Instead, acoustic indices correlated positively with spatial variation in the in‐colony flight activity of breeding individuals detected byGPS. Although passive acoustic monitoring has enormous potential in avian conservation, our results highlight the importance of understanding behaviour when using passive acoustic monitoring to estimate density and distribution.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout of the eye pigmentation gene white leads to alterations in colour of head spots in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Bai X. , Zeng T. , Ni X. ‐Y. , Su H. ‐A. , Huang J. , Ye G. ‐Y. , Lu Y. ‐Y. , Qi Y. ‐X. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe intensely studied white gene is widely used as a genetic marker in Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we cloned and characterized the white gene in an important pest of the fruit industry, Bactrocera dorsalis, to understand its functional role in pigmentation. We obtained BdWhite knockout strains, based on the wild‐type strain, using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, and found that mutants lost pigmentation in the compound eye and their black head spots. We then examined differences in the expression levels of genes associated with melanin pigmentation between mutants and the wild‐type strain using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. We found that transcription levels of the Bd‐yellow1 were lower in the head of mutants than in the wild‐type strain, and there were no significant differences in expression of the other six genes between mutants and the wild type. Since yellow is critical for melanin biosynthesis (Heinze et al., Scientific Reports. 2017;7:4582), the lower levels of expression of Bd‐yellow1 in mutants led to reduced dark pigmentation in head spots. Our results provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that white may play a functional role in cuticle pigmentation by affecting the expression of yellow.
Tailoring the microstructure of high porosity Si3N4 foams by direct foaming with mixed surfactants
Authors: Du Zhongpei , Yao Dongxu , Xia Yongfeng , Zuo Kaihui , Yin Jinwei , Liang Hanqing , Zeng Yu‐Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe mixed surfactants were successfully applied to fabricate the highly porous Si3N4 ceramic foams by the direct foaming method. The oppositely charged surfactants mixed in slurries could combined into catanionic surfactant by the electrostatic attraction and facilitate the formation of ultra‐stable foams. The microstructure of the Si3N4 ceramic foams, including pore structure, mean pore size, pore size distribution and porosity were tailored by varying the mixing ratio of surfactant, mixed surfactants concentration and solid content of the initial slurries. Si3N4 ceramic foams with porosity of 92%‐97%, mean pore size of 140‐240 µm and compressive strength of 0.85‐5.38 MPa were obtained by adjusting mixed surfactants between 0.1 and 0.4 wt% and solid content between 22 and 30 vol%. The compressive strength of Si3N4 ceramic foams in current work was much higher than most reported results.
The pricing accuracy of alternative equity valuation models: Scandinavian evidence
Authors: Anesten Sebastian , Möller Niclas , Skogsvik Kenth , Skogsvik Stina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn many decision contexts, there is a need for benchmark equity valuations, based on simplified modeling and publicly available information. Prior research on U.S. data however shows that the accuracy of such valuation models can be low and sensitive to the choice of model specifications and value driver predictions. In this paper, we test the applicability and pricing accuracy of three fundamental valuation (dividend discount, residual income, and abnormal earnings growth) models, all based on forecasts of company dividends, earnings, and/or equity book values. Extending prior research, we apply these models to Scandinavian firms with accounting data from the period 2005–2014, explicitly testing two approaches for the prediction of the value drivers—exogenously forecasted numbers versus projected historical numbers. Given access to the forecasted value drivers, the dividend discount model comes out as the most accurate valuation model. In particular, this holds in a comparison between the most parsimonious model specifications. The residual income valuation model generates the best pricing accuracy given the prediction of value drivers based on historical financial numbers. Notably, we observe pricing errors that in general are lower than what has been reported in prior U.S.‐based research for the dividend discount and the residual income valuation models. The pricing accuracy of the abnormal earnings growth models is surprisingly weak in the Scandinavian setting. However, these models improve somewhat after a couple of complexity adjustments, in particular with value driver predictions based on the projected history setting.