bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isoproterenol induces an increase in muscle fiber size by the proliferation of Pax7‐positive cells and in a mTOR‐independent mechanism
Authors: Bastos Úrsula Maria C. , de Andrade Rosa Ivone , Teixeira John D. , Gonçalves Graciele , Costa Manoel L. , Quintas Luis Eduardo M. , Mermelstein Claudia 
Published: June 2019

Abstractβ‐Adrenergic signaling regulates many physiological processes in skeletal muscles. A wealth of evidence has shown that β‐agonists can increase skeletal muscle mass in vertebrates. Nevertheless, to date, the specific role of β‐adrenergic receptors in different cell phenotypes (myoblasts, fibroblasts, and myotubes) and during the different steps of embryonic skeletal muscle differentiation has not been studied. Therefore, here we address this question through the analysis of embryonic chick primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells during the formation of multinucleated myotubes. We used isoproterenol (ISO), a β‐adrenergic receptor agonist, to activate the β‐adrenergic signaling and quantified several aspects of muscle differentiation. ISO induced an increase in myoblast proliferation, in the percentage of Pax7‐positive myoblasts and in the size of skeletal muscle fibers, suggesting that ISO activates a hyperplasic and hypertrophic muscle response. Interestingly, treatment with ISO did not alter the number of fibroblast cells, suggesting that ISO effects are specific to muscle cells in the case of chick myogenic cell culture. We also show that rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, did not prevent the effects of ISO on chick muscle fiber size. The collection of these results provides new insights into the role of β‐adrenergic signaling during skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation and specifically in the regulation of skeletal muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy.
Trends in Oxygen Electrocatalysis of 3 d‐Layered (Oxy)(Hydro)Oxides
Authors: Zhao Zhenghang , Schlexer Lamoureux Philomena , Kulkarni Ambarish , Bajdich Michal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFirst‐row layered transition metal (oxy)(hydro)oxides (LTMOs) form an important class of earth‐abundant materials. They are well‐known as active alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts,[1,5] and are also often used as metal‐ion battery anodes[6] or as metal‐air bifunctional electrodes.[7] However, their electrochemical activities, particularly for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), across the whole 3d‐element series remain largely unexplored. In this work, we perform a systematic screening of these catalysts for both OER and ORR using a surface edge‐site model with exposed active sites for metal double hydroxides M(OH)2, oxyhydroxides MOOH and oxides MO2. We establish OER and ORR activities and scaling relations of the whole series across +2, +3 and +4 oxidation states, and successfully reproduce the experimental activities of a few pure layered (oxy)(hydro)oxides. We predict CoOOH/CoO2 and NiOOH/NiO2 as active and stable OER catalysts. We also predict Fe(OH)2/FeOOH, Mn(OH)2/MnOOH and Co(OH)2 as active and stable ORR catalysts. This makes Co‐(oxy)(hydro)oxides only bifunctional catalyst in this series. Using linear regression, our results indicate that trends across the 3d‐series can be obtained from only a few bulk, surface and atomic type descriptors. Particularly, we identify that the number of outer d‐electrons at the surface‐active site as the most important descriptor of activity.
URJC‐1‐MOF as New Heterogeneous Recyclable Catalyst for C‐Heteroatom Coupling Reactions
Authors: Muñoz Antonio , Leo Pedro , Orcajo Gisela , Martínez Fernando , Calleja Guillermo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGuillermo Calleja and co‐workers from @urjc describe URJC‐1‐MOF as a new heterogeneous recyclable catalyst for c‐heteroatom coupling reactionsThe capacity of copper‐based URJC‐1‐MOF as a MOF catalyst in cross‐coupling reactions has been evaluated, focusing on the Chan‐Lam‐Evans arylation‐type reactions on amines and alcohols without extra additives or ligands. The extraordinary chemical and structural stability of URJC‐1‐MOF and its good specific surface, make this material a promising alternative to homogeneous Cu (II) catalysts for cross‐coupling reactions. URJC‐1‐MOF showed a remarkable catalytic activity for cross‐coupling C−N and C−O reactions, higher than other heterogeneous and homogeneous copper‐based catalyst, such as CuO, HKUST‐1, Cu−MOF‐74, Cu(OAc)2 and CuSO4⋅5H2O. Moreover, its easy recovery by simple filtration and reusability in successive runs without any loss of activity and stability, demonstrates the potential of URJC‐1‐MOF as an alternative catalyst for this kind of reactions in different chemical media of industrial interest.
Long‐Term Stability of a Liquid‐Infused Coating with Anti‐Corrosion and Anti‐Icing Potentials on Al Alloy
Authors: Zhang Meiling , Chen Rongrong , Liu Qi , Liu Jingyuan , Yu Jing , Song Dalei , Liu Peili , Gao Liangtian , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCorrosion and surface icing severely shorten the service life of aluminum and its alloys. Herein, we synthesized wrinkled and porous, hollow, tubular SiO2 on an Al alloy, followed by fluorination with (Heptadecafluoro‐1,1,2,2‐tetradecyl) trimethoxysilane (FAS) and then infusing Krytox 100 for obtaining novel slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs). The unique structure greatly reduced the loss of lubricant due to the volatilization or subcooled condensation and thus effectively extended the life of the SLIPS. The corrosion resistance of as‐prepared SLIPS was five orders of magnitude higher than that of the bare Al alloy and did not change significantly after immersion in an NaCl solution for 93 days. The ice‐adhesion strength remained at approximately 18 kPa for the whole duration of the icing/deicing cycles. The samples exhibited a low contact angle hysteresis and superior self‐cleaning properties. In addition, we also revealed the differences in self‐cleaning and anti‐icing macroscopic phenomena of superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) and SLIPS.
Schnelle lokale Raman‐Messung zur Untersuchung von Konzentrationsprofilen bei Mischvorgängen in Mikrokanälen
Authors: Deuerling Julian , Manser Steffen , Siber Julia , Keck Shaun , Hufnagel Thomas M. , Schmitt Lukas , Medina Isabel , Repke Jens‐Uwe , Rädle Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFür die Evaluierung von Mischungsvorgängen in Mikroreaktoren ist es notwendig, diese genauer untersuchen zu können. Dazu wird ein neuartiges, optisches Messsystem vorgestellt, das die Visualisierung von mischungs‐ und diffusionslimitierten Vorgängen sowie Konzentrationsunterschieden in Fluidfilmen ermöglicht. Es besteht aus einer fokussierenden Optik mit einem Mikroskop‐Objektiv. In der Kombination mit einem Raman‐Spektrometer können so verschiedene Prozesse wie z. B. Diffusion im Mikroreaktor nicht‐invasiv gemessen und untersucht werden.
Low‐Cost‐Membranen für die Vanadium‐Redox‐Flow‐Batterie
Authors: Düerkop Dennis , Widdecke Hartmut , Schmiemann Achim , Kunz Ulrich , Schilde Carsten 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVanadium‐Redox‐Flow‐Batterien stellen eine Technologie dar, die zur Speicherung fluktuierender Energien aus Solar‐ und Windkraft eingesetzt werden kann. Um die Herstellungskosten der Batterien zur verringern, können zum Beispiel kostengünstigere Ausgangsmaterialien verwendet werden. Mithilfe von Polystyrol‐basierten Polymeren bei der Membranherstellung können Leitfähigkeiten erreiche werden, die vergleichbar mit denen von Perfluorsulfonsäuremembranen sind. Es wird eine Herstellungsmethode für diese heterogenen Membranen bestehend aus disperser und kontinuierlicher Phase präsentiert.
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with Sobolev gradient‐based optimization and 3D convolutional neural network
Authors: Goceri Evgin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is a neuropsychiatric, progressive, also an irreversible disease. There is not an effective cure for the disease. However, early diagnosis has an important role for treatment planning to delay its progression since the treatments have the most impact at the early stage of the disease. Neuroimages obtained by different imaging techniques (for example, diffusion tensor‐based and magnetic resonance‐based imaging) provide powerful information and help to diagnose the disease. In this work, a deeply supervised and robust method has been developed using three dimensional features to provide objective and accurate diagnosis from magnetic resonance images. The main contributions are (a) a new three dimensional convolutional neural network topology; (b) a new Sobolev gradient‐based optimization with weight values for each decision parameters; (c) application of the proposed topology and optimizer to diagnose Alzheimer's disease; (d) comparisons of the results obtained from the recent techniques that have been implemented for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Experimental results and quantitative evaluations indicated that the proposed network model is able to achieve to extract desired features from images and provides automated diagnosis with 98.06% accuracy.
Magnetic Cell Sorting for In Vivo and In Vitro Astrocyte, Neuron, and Microglia Analysis
Authors: Holt Leanne M. , Stoyanof S. Tristan , Olsen Michelle L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInterest in evaluating individual cellular populations in the central nervous system has prompted the development of several techniques enabling the enrichment of single‐cell populations. Herein we detail a relatively inexpensive method to specifically isolate neurons, astrocytes, and microglia from a mixed homogenate utilizing magnetic beads conjugated to cell‐type specific antibodies. We have used this technique to isolate astrocytes across development and into late adulthood. Finally, we detail the utilization of this technique in novel astrocyte and astrocyte/neuron co‐culture paradigms. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Controllable Synthesis of Iron Sulfide/CNT Nanocomposites in Solvothermal System
Authors: Yang Sheng , Huang Peng , Duan Meng , Li Yongying , Gao Guo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIron sulfide (FeS2 and Fe7S8) has been considered as one of the promising electrode materials in the field of solar cell and lithium ion battery owing to their unique properties. Herein a facile solvothermal method is reported for preparing iron sulfide/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites with desired structure and composition. FeS2 nanoparticles can be successfully loaded on the surface of CNT, and the FeS2 nanoparticles uniformly distribute along the CNT. With the assistance of polyvinylpyrrolidinone (PVP), flower‐like Fe7S8@CNT precursor and flower‐like Fe7S8 precursor can be obtained, respectively. When the flower‐like precursors are annealed in the tube furnace with Ar atmosphere, the diameter of the samples decrease from micron level (≈1 µm) to submicron‐level (200–400 nm).
Performance and Properties of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Metal‐Supported Cu‐Co‐Ni‐SDC SOFC Anodes in Methane
Authors: Cuglietta M. , Arevalo‐Quintero O. , Kesler O. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes containing Cu and samaria doped ceria (SDC) with additions of Ni and Co were evaluated in CH4. It was found that metal support oxidation and Fe diffusion from the metal support to the anode were the main factors affecting the cell behavior observed. Thus, strategies to prevent diffusion of Fe into the anode were also evaluated. It was found that the best performing method to prevent diffusion of Fe and Cr into the anode in this study consisted of a combination of all three evaluated strategies (i.e., pre‐oxidation of metal support prior to cell fabrication, application of a protective LaCrO3 coating to the metal supports prior to anode fabrication, and addition of an SDC interlayer between the metal support and anode coating). It was found that the most effective stand‐alone method to diminish the diffusion of Fe into the anode was the addition of a SDC interlayer between the anode and the metal support.
New Materials and Flow Field Design for Middle‐Temperature Direct Methanol Fuel Cell with Low Cathode Pressure
Authors: Gogel V. , Sakthivel M. , Bender J. , Salzmann B. , Kerres J. , Scholta J. , Drillet J.‐F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA partially fluorinated polyether ionomer (SFS) has been prepared and blended with partially fluorinated polybenzimidazole (F6‐PBI), yielding acid‐base blend membranes with different weight ratios of the blend components. Best membranes in terms of conductivity and mechanical stability were characterized towards their solubility in methanol at high pressure and temperature as well as their ex situ and in situ conductivity. Optimized acid‐base SFS‐PBI blend membrane and carbon‐supported Pt3Pd cathode catalyst were then tested in several DMFC cell designs. The results from preliminary membrane electrode assembly (MEA) tests turned out to be completely scalable from 25 cm2 up to 100 cm2 active area in a single‐cell configuration set‐up. During ultimate test in a 100 cm2 4‐cell DMFC stack at 130 °C, a maximal power of about 60 W was yielded with methanol feed of 2.8 bar and air feed close to ambient pressure. This was possible due to repeated reduction of channel cross‐section geometry combined with forced convection effects that led to enhanced oxygen transport at rib/GDE interface and higher catalyst utilization in starve zones.
Surgical treatment of Milroy disease
Authors: Bolletta A , Di Taranto G , Chen SH , Elia R , Amorosi V , Chan J CY , Chen HC 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMilroy disease is a form of congenital primary lymphedema affecting the lower limbs. When conservative management is ineffective, surgical treatment becomes necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) associated with extensive therapeutic lipectomy in the treatment of these patients.MethodsIn China Medical University Hospital, four patients have been diagnosed with Milroy disease and treated over an 8 year‐period time. All patients presented with hereditary bilateral legs swelling since birth. All patients were treated with VLNT from the gastroepiploic region bilaterally associated with extensive therapeutic lipectomy.ResultsAll procedures have been executed bilaterally and have been successful, without complications. The average follow‐up of the patients was 20.2 ± 2.8 months. The limbs treated presented an average circumference reduction of a 4.0 ± 2.1 cm and patients did not experience cellulitis during follow‐up. Patients expressed satisfaction with the procedure.ConclusionsVLNT together with therapeutic lipectomy proved to be a reliable technique in moderate cases of Milroy disease, providing an alternative path for lymph drainage, and reducing the lymph load and the excess of subcutaneous adipose tissues, thus improving patients' quality of life.
Healing Process of Gastrocnemius Muscle Injury on Ultrasonography Using B‐Mode Imaging, Power Doppler Imaging, and Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Yoshida Keiichi , Itoigawa Yoshiaki , Maruyama Yuichiro , Kaneko Kazuo 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesMuscle injury often occurs in sports activity. To avoid reinjury, it is important to determine the appropriate period until return to play after injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate characteristics of the healing process for gastrocnemius muscle injury by B‐mode imaging, power Doppler (PD) imaging, and shear wave elastography (SWE).MethodsTwenty patients with acute calf musculotendinous injury were enrolled. Scar thickness on B‐mode imaging, new vessels according to PD grades, and SWE values in the muscle, musculotendinous junction, and tendon of the medial head of gastrocnemius were measured at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after injury.ResultsScar thickness was significantly larger at 8 and 12 weeks compared with 4 weeks (P < .01 for both). Power Doppler grades at 4 and 8 weeks were significantly higher compared with 12 weeks (P < .01 for both). Shear wave elastographic values in the muscle on the injury side were significantly higher at 8 and 12 weeks compared with 4 weeks (P < .01 for both), whereas those in the musculotendinous junction on the injury side were significantly higher at 12 weeks compared with 4 and 8 weeks (P < .01; P = .01, respectively).ConclusionsB‐mode imaging, PD imaging, and SWE can measure the healing process after musculotendinous injury of the gastrocnemius medial head.
A 16‐modified antipodal Vivaldi antenna array for microwave‐based breast tumor imaging applications
Authors: Samsuzzaman Md , Islam Mohammad T. , Islam Md T. , Shovon Abdullah A. S. , Faruque Rashed I. , Misran Norbahiah 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article, an improved method is introduced for enhancing the gain and directivity of a modified antipodal Vivaldi antenna, which is suitable for detecting malignant cells in the breast through microwave imaging. By slotting on the fins of the antenna with the addition of parasitic elliptical patch makes the antenna radiation more directive with more gain at the lower band range. The operating fractional bandwidth of this proposed Vivaldi antenna is 120% (2.50‐11 GHz) with compact dimension and directive radiation pattern with 7.20 dBi highest gain. The antenna time‐domain performance and the near‐field directivity (NFD) are also observed. Effective microwave breast phantom imaging system with an array of 16 antipodal antennas is designed where one antenna works as a transmitter and rest of the antenna works as a receiver in turn. The imaging performance is investigated with tumor inside the breast phantom using the Microwave Radar‐Based Imaging Toolbox open source software. Detection of tumor tissue inside breast phantom has been identified by analyzing the modified antipodal Vivaldi antennas' backscattered signal.
SANTIS: Sampling‐Augmented Neural neTwork with Incoherent Structure for MR image reconstruction
Authors: Liu Fang , Samsonov Alexey , Chen Lihua , Kijowski Richard , Feng Li 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a novel deep learning–based reconstruction framework called SANTIS (Sampling‐Augmented Neural neTwork with Incoherent Structure) for efficient MR image reconstruction with improved robustness against sampling pattern discrepancy.MethodsWith a combination of data cycle–consistent adversarial network, end‐to‐end convolutional neural network mapping, and data fidelity enforcement for reconstructing undersampled MR data, SANTIS additionally utilizes a sampling‐augmented training strategy by extensively varying undersampling patterns during training, so that the network is capable of learning various aliasing structures and thereby removing undersampling artifacts more effectively and robustly. The performance of SANTIS was demonstrated for accelerated knee imaging and liver imaging using a Cartesian trajectory and a golden‐angle radial trajectory, respectively. Quantitative metrics were used to assess its performance against different references. The feasibility of SANTIS in reconstructing dynamic contrast‐enhanced images was also demonstrated using transfer learning.ResultsCompared to conventional reconstruction that exploits image sparsity, SANTIS achieved consistently improved reconstruction performance (lower errors and greater image sharpness). Compared to standard learning‐based methods without sampling augmentation (e.g., training with a fixed undersampling pattern), SANTIS provides comparable reconstruction performance, but significantly improved robustness, against sampling pattern discrepancy. SANTIS also achieved encouraging results for reconstructing liver images acquired at different contrast phases.ConclusionBy extensively varying undersampling patterns, the sampling‐augmented training strategy in SANTIS can remove undersampling artifacts more robustly. The novel concept behind SANTIS can particularly be useful for improving the robustness of deep learning–based image reconstruction against discrepancy between training and inference, an important, but currently less explored, topic.
The ‘desert experience’: Evaluating the cultural ecosystem services of drylands through walking and focusing
Authors: Teff‐Seker Yael , Orenstein Daniel E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAssessment of cultural ecosystem services (CES), the non‐material benefits provided to humans by nature, is a particularly challenging activity within the complex field of ecosystem service (ES) evaluation. Assessing CES of drylands presents an even greater challenge for at least two reasons. First, assessments of dryland ES are few and limited, particularly regarding CES. Second, CES evaluation methods, even qualitative ones, generally fail to provide a deep and holistic understanding of the dynamic relationship between nature experiences, culture and identity.The current study uses a novel methodology to evaluate CES in a dryland ecosystem: walking‐focusing interviews. In these interviews, participants are encouraged to focus on various aspects of their physical, mental and cognitive experiences as they walked in a natural desert landscape. The interview protocol enabled us to capture a wealth of knowledge regarding people’s desert experiences.Findings indicate that geological phenomena and other abiotic elements of desert landscapes rank high among participants’ reported dryland CES, which inspire complex and multi‐level experiences. Other prominent themes that emerged included imagination, relaxation, wind and quiet. As deserts are low in primary productivity and therefore display less conspicuous biological elements, the protocol was found to be particularly effective for addressing both their living and non‐living CES.The methodology of walking‐focusing interviews is shown to be able to extract information pertaining to people’s holistic experience of nature, which suggests that it is a powerful methodology for CES assessments of landscapes in general.
Role and exploitation of underground chemical signaling in plants
Authors: Guerrieri Alessandra , Dong Lemeng , Bouwmeester Harro J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe soil ecosystem is composed of a mixture of living organisms and non‐living matter as well as the complex interactions between them. In the past 100 years or so, agricultural soil ecosystems have been strongly affected by agricultural practices such as tillage and the use of pesticides and fertilizers, which strongly affect soil nutrient composition, pH and biodiversity. In modern pest management, however, the focus is gradually shifting from crop production through agricultural practices to soil ecosystem protection. In this review we discuss how the underground chemical signals secreted by plant roots play a role in keeping the soil ecosystem in balance and how they affect plant fitness by shaping the root biome, increasing nutrient availability, promoting symbiosis, and attracting beneficial organisms and repelling harmful ones, including other plants. We review a number of fascinating cases, such as signaling molecules with dual, positive and negative, functions and bacterial quorum sensing mimicking molecules. Finally, examples of how these compounds can be exploited in modern pest management are reviewed, and the prospects for future developments discussed. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.