bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronic acid slows down collagen membrane degradation in uncontrolled diabetic rats
Authors: Eliezer Meizi , Sculean Anton , Miron Richard J. , Nemcovsky Carlos , Weinberg Evegeny , Weinreb Miron , Zoabi Hasan , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Fujioka‐Kobayashi Masako , Moses Ofer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the in vitro biokinetics of hyaluronic acid (HA) from a collagen membrane (CM) and to evaluate the in vivo effect of immersion of the CM in HA solution on its degradation in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes conditions in a rat calvaria subcutaneous model.BackgroundCM degradation is accelerated in uncontrolled diabetic rats. Immersion of CM in HA has been suggested to decrease their resorption rate without interfering with their tissue integration and structural degradation. However, it is unknown to what extent CM degradation may be influenced by its immersion in HA solution under a condition mimicking a medically compromised situation with an increased inflammatory level such as diabetes.Materials and MethodsCMs were soaked in cross‐linked HA. Protein adsorption and the HA release were quantified by ELISA. Diabetes was induced in sixteen rats, while 16 healthy rats served as control. CM was prepared and labeled prior to implantation with Biotin. Seventeen CM were immersed in HA and 17 CM in PBS. In each animal, one test or one control disk was implanted. In order to compare the collagen content, two similar non‐implanted CM were used as baseline. Fourteen days after surgery, thirty‐two animals were sacrificed. The entire calvaria including the skin above, was chemically fixed, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin. Five‐μm‐thick sections were analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically using H&E and avidin‐peroxidase staining.ResultsThe in vitro results demonstrated that the CM adsorbed roughly 80% of the total HA content. After 10 days, 36.3% of the initial HA remained on the CM. The in vivo results demonstrated that diabetes significantly reduced the thickness of the CM, while HA had a significant effect on keeping the membrane thickness. HA increased the residual collagen content in the diabetic group (P < 0.0001) but no such effect was observed in the healthy group.ConclusionImmersion of CM in HA prior to the implantation delays membrane degradation in uncontrolled diabetic compared with normoglycemic rats.
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and danofloxacin in premature calves
Authors: Corum Orhan , Altan Feray , Yildiz Ramazan , Ider Merve , Ok Mahmut , Uney Kamil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of enrofloxacin (ENR) and danofloxacin (DNX) following intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administrations in premature calves. The study was performed on twenty‐four calves that were determined to be premature by anamnesis and general clinical examination. Premature calves were randomly divided into four groups (six premature calves/group) according to a parallel pharmacokinetic (PK) design as follows: ENR‐IV (10 mg/kg, IV), ENR‐IM (10 mg/kg, IM), DNX‐IV (8 mg/kg, IV), and DNX‐IM (8 mg/kg, IM). Plasma samples were collected for the determination of tested drugs by high‐pressure liquid chromatography with UV detector and analyzed by noncompartmental methods. Mean PK parameters of ENR and DNX following IV administration were as follows: elimination half‐life (t1/2λz) 11.16 and 17.47 hr, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0‐48) 139.75 and 38.90 hr*µg/ml, and volume of distribution at steady‐state 1.06 and 4.45 L/kg, respectively. Total body clearance of ENR and DNX was 0.07 and 0.18 L hr−1 kg−1, respectively. The PK parameters of ENR and DNX following IM injection weret1/2λz21.10 and 28.41 hr, AUC0‐48164.34 and 48.32 hr*µg/ml, respectively. The bioavailability (F) of ENR and DNX was determined to be 118% and 124%, respectively. The mean AUC0‐48CPR/AUC0‐48ENRratio was 0.20 and 0.16 after IV and IM administration, respectively, in premature calves. The results showed that ENR (10 mg/kg) and DNX (8 mg/kg) following IV and IM administration produced sufficient plasma concentration for AUC0‐24/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum concentration (Cmax)/MIC ratios for susceptible bacteria, with the MIC90of 0.5 and 0.03 μg/ml, respectively. These findings may be helpful in planning the dosage regimen for ENR and DNX, but there is a need for further study in naturally infected premature calves.
Mucormycosis in South America: A review of 143 reported cases
Authors: Nucci Marcio , Engelhardt Marc , Hamed Kamal 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMucormycosis is a rare but important invasive fungal disease that most often affects immunocompromised hosts. The incidence of mucormycosis appears to be increasing worldwide, as risk factors such as the use of immunosuppressive therapies become more common. We report the results of a literature review of 143 mucormycosis cases reported in South America between 1960 and 2018. The number of reported cases has increased by decade, from 6 in the 1960s to 51 in the 2010s. The most common underlying conditions associated with mucormycosis in South America were diabetes mellitus (42.0%) and penetrating trauma/burns (20.0%). Underlying conditions involving immunosuppression, including treatment of haematologic malignancy, solid organ transplant, and corticosteroid use, also accounted for a large proportion of cases (45.5%). Between 1960 and 2018, cases of mucormycosis associated with conditions involving immunosuppression accounted for the highest mortality rate (58.5%), followed by diabetes mellitus (45.0%), and penetrating trauma/burns (37.9%). Overall mortality decreased from 100% to 39.4% during this period, mainly driven by the increasing availability and use of antifungal therapies and surgical intervention. However, these treatments are not yet universally utilised across the region in the treatment of mucormycosis; efforts to improve availability of effective treatments would be likely to improve outcomes.
Overexpression of paralogues of the wheat expansin gene TaEXPA8 improves low‐temperature tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Peng LN. , Xu YQ. , Wang X. , Feng X. , Zhao QQ. , Feng SS. , Zhao ZY. , Hu BZ. , Li FL. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Low temperature is one of the important factors limiting wheat yield in cold regions. Expansins are nonenzymatic proteins that loosen cell walls and play important roles in diverse biological processes related to cell wall modification, including development and stress tolerance. Many studies have shown that expansins are involved in resistance to various abiotic stresses, such as heat and drought. However, the role of expansins in response to low‐temperature stress remains unclear.

Based on our previous transcriptome data of a winter wheat cultivar Dongnongdongmai 2 (DN2), we found that one of the expansin genes, TaEXPA8, was significantly induced by low temperature, indicating a role for TaEXPA8 in cold resistance. In this study, the paralogous TaEXPA8 genes TaEXPA8‐A, TaEXPA8‐B and TaEXPA8‐D were cloned by RT‐PCR. These three genes were then transformed into Arabidopsis by the floral dip method. Expression patterns of TaEXPA8 genes in different tissues and in response to several abiotic stresses and hormones were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR).

The results showed that TaEXPA8‐A and TaEXPA8‐B were expressed mainly in roots, while TaEXPA8‐D was expressed predominantly in flowers. TaEXPA8 genes were induced by low‐temperature and drought. The overexpression of TaEXPA8‐B and TaEXPA8‐D enhanced low‐temperature resistance and had increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity and soluble protein, MDA and proline content.

In summary, our study suggested that the expansins TaEXPA8‐B and TaEXPA8‐D are involved in the response to low temperature and possibly play a role in cold resistance by activating the protective enzyme system.
Forecasting Causes of Death by Using Compositional Data Analysis: The Case of Cancer Deaths
Authors: Kjærgaard Søren , Ergemen Yunus Emre , Kallestrup-Lamb Malene , Oeppen Jim , Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune 
Published: June 2019

SummaryCause-specific mortality forecasting is often based on predicting cause-specific death rates independently. Only a few methods have been suggested that incorporate dependence between causes. An attractive alternative is to model and forecast cause-specific death distributions, rather than mortality rates, as dependence between the causes can be incorporated directly. We follow this idea and propose two new models which extend the current research on mortality forecasting using death distributions. We find that adding age, time and cause-specific weights and decomposing both joint and individual variation between different causes of death increased the forecast accuracy of cancer deaths by using data for French and Dutch populations.
Thoracic pain associated with an odontogenic infection: An unusual Lemierre's syndrome
Authors: Scopel Costa Bianca , Filipe da Paz Scardua Eduardo , Loss dos Reis Wyllyam , Nascimento Silva Daniela , Rangel Pereira Teresa Cristina , de Azevedo Vaz Sergio Lins , Grão Velloso Tânia Regina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLemierre's syndrome is characterized by thrombophlebitis in the internal jugular vein after an infection in the area of the head or neck, mostly in the form of pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis. It may also result from less common conditions, such as odontogenic infections, but this condition has not often been reported in the dental literature. The syndrome's main etiological agent is Fusobacterium necrophorum, and it most commonly occurs in young adults. This study reports the clinical case of a 34‐year‐old female patient of poor socioeconomic status with a history of pericoronitis, who reported having a chest pain that radiated to the upper limbs, along with dyspnea. The computed tomography of her neck provided evidence of an acute thrombus in the right internal jugular vein. The treatment comprised antibiotic and anticoagulant therapy in addition to the extraction of her third molar and some residual roots. This report highlights the perils of systemic complications through dental infection, including the risk of death.
Evolutionary transcriptomics reveals the origins of olives and the genomic changes associated with their domestication
Authors: Gros‐Balthazard Muriel , Besnard Guillaume , Sarah Gautier , Holtz Yan , Leclercq Julie , Santoni Sylvain , Wegmann Daniel , Glémin Sylvain , Khadari Bouchaib 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) is one of the oldest and most socio‐economically important cultivated perennial crop in the Mediterranean region. Yet, its origins are still under debate and the genetic bases of the phenotypic changes associated with its domestication are unknown. We generated RNA‐sequencing data for 68 wild and cultivated olive trees to study the genetic diversity and structure both at the transcription and sequence levels. To localize putative genes or expression pathways targeted by artificial selection during domestication, we employed a two‐step approach in which we identified differentially expressed genes and screened the transcriptome for signatures of selection. Our analyses support a major domestication event in the eastern part of the Mediterranean basin followed by dispersion towards the West and subsequent admixture with western wild olives. While we found large changes in gene expression when comparing cultivated and wild olives, we found no major signature of selection on coding variants and weak signals primarily affected transcription factors. Our results indicated that the domestication of olives resulted in only moderate genomic consequences and that the domestication syndrome is mainly related to changes in gene expression, consistent with its evolutionary history and life history traits.
Dynamics of FII flows and stock market returns in a major developing country: How does economic uncertainty matter?
Authors: Jena Sangram Keshari , Tiwari Aviral Kumar , Hammoudeh Shawkat , Shahbaz Muhammad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe apply the wavelet coherency and phase difference methodology to explore the nature of the relationship and the direction of causality between foreign institutional investment (FII) flows and stock market returns across time and frequency domain for the fast‐growing Indian economy. Since both variables are affected by economic uncertainty, we have estimated the partial wavelet coherency and the phase difference to discern the impact of economic uncertainty on the dynamic relationship and causality between those variables. Both the FII flows and the stock market return move together during the periods of the global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis without any causality in the short run, but the stock market leads the FII inflows in the long run. However, in the bull market the stock market Granger causes the FII inflows both in the short run and in the long run. Nonetheless, economic uncertainty drives the co‐movement and also masks the causality effect between those two variables. Thus, the results require policymakers to set out a transparent economic environment to reap the benefits of FII flows. As far as the FII outflows are concerned, profit booking and economic uncertainty drive the relationship and the causality in the short run. Hence, policymakers and portfolio managers should be concerned about FII outflows in the long run, while in the short run, it is a normal trading activity.
Baseline retinal OCT measurements in normal female beagles: The effects of eccentricity, meridian, and age on retinal layer thickness
Authors: Ofri Ron , Ekesten Björn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to generate baseline optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of retinal thickness in female Beagles and to determine how these are affected by meridian, eccentricity, and age.MethodsTwenty‐three female Beagles, including six puppies (<6 months old), six mature (1.8‐8.2 years old), and 11 elderly dogs (>11 years old) were studied. Both retinas of each dog were scanned (in 4 principal meridians) using the Heidelberg Spectralis following ophthalmic examination, refraction, and sedation. In each eye and each meridian, total retinal, outer retinal, and nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness were measured from the disc rim up to 6 mm peripherally.ResultsThe canine retina is thickest dorsally and thinnest ventrally. Total retinal, outer retinal, and NFL thickness decrease progressively and significantly as a function of eccentricity. The greatest eccentricity‐dependent thinning occurs dorsally. This thinning is due mostly to NFL tapering, while the eccentricity‐dependent change in outer retinal thickness is more moderate, especially in the lateral meridian, possibly due to the presence of the visual streak. The retina is thickest in puppies, but there were no significant differences between mature and elderly dogs.ConclusionsOur results provide normative values for total, outer, and inner retinal thickness in female dogs and may facilitate OCT use in the diagnosis of canine glaucoma and inherited retinopathies.
Blood flow restricted resistance exercise and reductions in oxygen tension attenuate mitochondrial H2O2 emission rates in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Petrick Heather L. , Pignanelli Christopher , Barbeau Pierre‐Andre , Churchward‐Venne Tyler A. , Dennis Kaitlyn M. J. H. , van Loon Luc J. C. , Burr Jamie F. , Goossens Gijs H. , Holloway Graham P. 
Published: June 2019

Key points
Blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFR‐RE) is capable of inducing comparable adaptations to traditional resistance exercise (RE), despite a lower total exercise volume.
It has been suggested that an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may be involved in this response; however, oxygen partial pressure () is reduced during BFR‐RE, and the influence of on mitochondrial redox balance remains poorly understood.
In human skeletal muscle tissue, we demonstrate that both maximal and submaximal mitochondrial ROS emission rates are acutely decreased 2 h following BFR‐RE, but not RE, occurring along with a reduction in tissue oxygenation during BFR‐RE.
We further suggest that is involved in this response because an in vitro analysis revealed that reducing dramatically decreased mitochondrial ROS emissions and electron leak to ROS.
Altogether, these data indicate that mitochondrial ROS emission rates are attenuated following BFR‐RE, and such a response is likely influenced by reductions in .
AbstractLow‐load blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFR‐RE) training has been proposed to induce comparable adaptations to traditional resistance exercise (RE) training, however, the acute signalling events remain unknown. Although a suggested mechanism of BFR‐RE is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxygen partial pressure () is reduced during BFR‐RE, and the influence of O2 tension on mitochondrial redox balance remains ambiguous. We therefore aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics were altered following an acute bout of BFR‐RE or RE, and to further examine the role of in this response. Accordingly, muscle biopsies were obtained from 10 males at rest and 2 h after performing three sets of single‐leg squats (RE or BFR‐RE) to failure at 30% one‐repetition maximum. We determined that mitochondrial respiratory capacity and ADP sensitivity were not altered in response to RE or BFR‐RE. Although maximal (succinate) and submaximal (non‐saturating ADP) mitochondrial ROS emission rates were unchanged following RE, BFR‐RE attenuated these responses by ∼30% compared to pre‐exercise, occurring along with a reduction in skeletal muscle tissue oxygenation during BFR‐RE (P < 0.01 vs. RE). In a separate cohort of participants, evaluation of mitochondrial bioenergetics in vitro revealed that mild O2 restriction (50 µm) dramatically attenuated maximal (∼4‐fold) and submaximal (∼50‐fold) mitochondrial ROS emission rates and the fraction of electron leak to ROS compared to room air (200 µm). Combined, these data demonstrate that mitochondrial ROS emissions are attenuated following BFR‐RE, a response which may be mediated by a reduction in skeletal muscle .
Maternal allergic asthma during pregnancy alters fetal lung and immune development in sheep: potential mechanisms for programming asthma and allergy
Authors: Wooldridge Amy L. , Clifton Vicki L. , Moss Timothy J. M. , Lu Hui , Jamali Monerih , Agostino Stefanie , Muhlhausler Beverly S. , Morrison Janna L. , De Matteo Robert , Wallace Megan J. , Bischof Robert J. , Gatford Kathryn L. 
Published: June 2019

Key points
Experimental maternal allergic asthma in sheep provides an experimental model in which to test impacts on progeny.
Fetuses from allergic asthmatic ewes had fewer surfactant‐producing cells in lungs.
A greater proportion of lymphocytes from thymus were CD44 positive in fetuses from allergic asthmatic ewes than in controls.
These changes to fetal development might contribute to poor neonatal lung function and increased risk of allergy seen in offspring of pregnancies complicated by asthma.
AbstractAsthma is prevalent in pregnancy and increases the risk of disease in offspring, including neonatal respiratory distress and childhood asthma and allergy, but the mechanisms are not understood. We hypothesized that fetal lung structure and immune phenotype in late gestation fetal sheep would be impaired in our sheep model of maternal allergic asthma during pregnancy. Singleton‐bearing ewes were either sensitized before pregnancy to house dust mite (HDM, allergic, n = 7) or were non‐allergic (control, n = 5). The ewes were subsequently subjected to repeated airway challenges with HDM (allergic group) or saline (control group) throughout gestation. Tissues were collected at 140 ± 1 days gestational age (term, ∼147 days). The density of type II alveolar epithelial cells (surfactant protein C‐immunostained) in the lungs was 30% lower in fetuses from allergic ewes than in controls (P < 0.001), but tissue‐to‐air space ratio and numbers of leucocytes and macrophages were not different between groups. The proportion of CD44+ lymphocytes in the fetal thymus was 3.5‐fold higher in fetuses from allergic ewes than in control ewes (P = 0.043). Fewer surfactant‐producing type II alveolar epithelial cells may contribute to the increased risk of neonatal respiratory distress in infants of asthmatic mothers, suggesting that interventions to promote lung maturation could improve their neonatal outcomes. If the elevated lymphocyte expression of CD44 persists postnatally, this would confer greater susceptibility to allergic diseases in progeny of asthmatic mothers, consistent with observations in humans. Further experiments are needed to evaluate postnatal phenotypes of progeny and investigate potential interventions.
Optimization of Vortex Promoter Parameters to Enhance Heat Transfer Rate in Electronic Equipment
Authors: Aylı Ece , Bayer Özgür 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, optimization of the location and the geometry of a vortex promoter located above in a finned surface in a channel with eight heat sources is investigated for a Reynolds number of 12,500 &lt; Re &lt; 27,700. Heat transfer rates and the corresponding Nusselt number distributions are studied both experimentally and numerically using different vortex promoter geometries (square, circular, and triangular) in different locations to illustrate the effect of vortex promoter on the fluid flow. Optimization study considered a range of following parameters: blockage ratio of 0.30 &lt; (y/C) &lt; 0.45 and interpromoter distance ratio of 0.2277 &lt; (x/L) &lt; 0.3416. Results show that fins over which rectangular and circular promoters are integrated perform better in enhancing the heat transfer. According to the numerical and experimental results, higher blockage ratios cause significantly higher heat transfer coefficients. According to the observations, as the interpromoter distances increase, shedding gains strength, and more turbulence is created. All vortex promoters enhance heat transfer resulting in lower temperature values on the finned surface for different (y/C) and (x/L) values and Reynolds numbers. The use of promoters enhances the heat transfer, and the decrease in the maximum temperature values is recorded on the finned surface changing between 15% and 27%. The biggest decrease in maximum surface temperature value is 500 K–364 K and observed in circular promoter case with (y/C) = 0.43, (x/L) = 0.3416, and Reynolds numbers of 22,200.