bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting traumatic injury risk and agricultural intensification: Postcranial fracture frequency at Cerro Oreja in the Moche Valley of north coastal Peru
Authors: Lambert Patricia M. , Welker Martin H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn Lambert and Welker (2017) we explored the association between subsistence economy and postcranial fracture prevalence, finding that low‐intensity agriculturalists exhibited significantly lower fracture rates than foragers or high‐intensity agriculturalists. Here, we explore the impacts of sampling strategy on fracture rates in a sample of high‐intensity agriculturalists from the Moche Valley, Peru, and further test the hypothesis that postcranial fracture risks are higher for intensive agriculture.Materials and methodsThe long bones and clavicles of 102 individuals from an Early Intermediate Period cemetery (400 B.C.–A.D. 200) at Cerro Oreja were examined for healed fractures. Sample composition was manipulated in six ways to investigate the effects of age and element completeness on estimates of fracture prevalence. Fracture rates at Cerro Oreja were then compared to those for other high‐intensity agriculturalists.ResultsBoth skeletal element completeness and age composition were found to influence fracture rate estimates, reflecting the greater likelihood of identifying healed fractures on better‐preserved bones and the accrual of injuries with age. The fracture rate of 3.4% at Cerro Oreja was the median value among seven high‐intensity agriculturalist samples. The fracture distribution at Cerro Oreja was most similar to that observed at Kulubnarti, Sudan (Kilgore et al., 1997).DiscussionSkeletal element completeness and age composition can impact fracture rates estimated for skeletal samples and should be considered when conducting comparative analyses. All rates calculated for Cerro Oreja are within the range of those obtained for other high‐intensity agriculturalists and support previous findings that traumatic injury risk is higher for high‐intensity agriculturalists. Similarities between Cerro Oreja and Kulubnarti suggest that rugged terrain may exacerbate fracture risk for agriculturalists, illustrating the costs of intensive agriculture in suboptimal environments.
Repetitive transient paraplegia caused by painless acute aortic dissection
Authors: Takeda Shinsuke , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Sawada Yasuhiro , Tabuchi Akihiko , Hirata Hitoshi , Mizumoto Toru 
Published: February 2019

CaseMaking a precise diagnosis of type A acute aortic dissection (AAD) presenting with atypical symptoms might be challenging for clinicians. Misdiagnosis and misuse of thrombolytic therapy can have devastating consequences.OutcomeHerein, we report a case of painless type A AAD complicated by transient leg paresthesia, which was successfully treated with surgery. On admission, sudden onset of right leg numbness and muscle weakness was the only clue toward the correct final diagnosis.ConclusionWhen patients present with vague neurological symptoms, physicians should not rule out the possibility of AAD until proven otherwise.
Unique characteristics of frequent presenters to the emergency department in a Japanese population: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Takeuchi Shinya , Funakoshi Hiraku , Nakashima Yoshiyuki , Homma Yosuke , Takahashi Jin , Shiga Takashi 
Published: February 2019

AimLittle evidence on Japanese frequent presenters (FPs) is available. Therefore, this retrospective cohort study compared characteristics between FPs and non‐frequent presenters (NFPs) in emergency departments (EDs) in Japan.MethodsFrequent presenters included those who presented to an ED ≥4 times during the study period from August 1, 2012 to July 21, 2013. The primary outcomes were triage level and disposition. Secondary outcomes were ED length of stay, method of arrival, and discharge diagnosis.ResultsDuring the study period, 195 FPs had 1,154 visits to the ED, compared to 15,953 visits by 13,838 NFPs. The sex distribution between FPs and NFPs was comparable (107 men [54.9%] versus 7,070 men [51.1%], respectively; P = 0.29), but the mean age was significantly higher in the FP group (57.3 versus 46.5 years, respectively; P < 0.0001). Among the FPs, the rate of free governmental health insurance was higher than that of those who pay 30% of health costs (35 patients paid 0% [79.5%] versus 109 patients paid 30% [42.6%], respectively). Condition severity (FP, 84 severe cases [7.28%]; NFP, 1,320 severe cases [8.27%], respectively) and rate of admission (FP, 207 admissions [17.9%]; NFP, 2,987 admissions [18.7%], respectively) were comparable between the groups, although the rate of ambulance use was lower for the FP group. The most frequent diagnostic codes (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) in the FP group were “symptoms and signs”.ConclusionTriage levels and hospital admission rates were not significantly different between FPs and NFPs in this single‐center study in Japan.
High‐Frequency Oscillation Networks and Surgical Outcome in Adult Focal Epilepsy
Authors: González Otárula Karina A. , von Ellenrieder Nicolás , Cuello‐Oderiz Carolina , Dubeau François , Gotman Jean 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate whether high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) show spatiotemporal propagation and assess the relevance of the earliest oscillations in relation to the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and postsurgical outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the intracerebral electroencephalography (EEG) of patients who became seizure free after subsequent surgery. We marked HFOs during 1 hour of recordings. We calculated the time delay between pairs of channels as the median delay between their HFOs and constructed a time line of the delay of each channel with respect to the earliest channel (first source channel). A network was defined when a temporal order could be established among the channels based on the existence of statistically significant delays.ResultsFifteen patients with good surgical outcome were included. We found ripple networks in all patients, and fast ripple networks in 9. For ripples, first source channels were found in a higher proportion in the SOZ than the rest of the network channels (15 of 27 [56%] versus 93 of 262 [35%]; p = 0.04). For both ripples and fast ripples, first source channels were resected more often that the rest of the network channels (ripples: 13 of 27 [48%] versus 65 of 262 [25%]; p = 0.01; fast ripples: 8 of 9 [89%] versus 17 of 40 [43%]; p = 0.002); channels with the highest rates of ripples and fast ripples were resected in a similar proportion.InterpretationThese results demonstrate that interictal HFOs are organized in networks and indicate a possible need for the resection of first source channels. However, resecting them is not superior to resecting channels with highest rates of HFOs. Ann Neurol 2019;85:485–494
A Molecular Cable Car for Transmembrane Ion Transport
Authors: Credi Alberto 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe controlled transport of molecular and ionic substrates across bilayer membranes is a fundamental task for the operation of living organisms. It is also a highly fascinating and demanding challenge for artificial molecular machines. The recent report of a synthetic transmembrane molecular shuttle that can transport potassium ions selectively down a gradient in a liposomal system makes a small but significant step towards this goal.
Electron‐Deficient Triborane and Tetraborane Ring Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding
Authors: Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectron‐deficient small boron rings are unique in their formation of σ‐ and π‐delocalized electron systems as well as the avoidance of “classical” structures with two‐center‐two‐electron (2c,2e) bonds. These rings are tolerant of several skeletal electron numbers, which makes their redox chemistry highly interesting. In the past few decades, a range of stable compounds have been synthesized with various electron numbers in their B3 and B4 cores. The electronic structures were evaluated by quantum‐chemical calculations. On the other hand, the chemistry of these rings is still very much underdeveloped, being generally limited to the protonation and redox reactions of individual systems. The linkage of several B3 and/or B4 ring systems should give compounds with attractive electronic properties, thus leading the way to novel boron‐based materials. By summarizing important experimental and theoretical results, this Review intends to provide the basis for the exploration of the chemistry of these rings and, in particular, their integration into larger molecular architectures.
Highly active catalysts: Double‐shelled hollow nanospheres with tiny Pt NPs
Authors: Yao Gang , Gao Yan , Yang Yaping , Zhu Weihao , Xu Haijun 
Published: February 2019

A facile strategy was reported to fabricate a novel Pt‐based metal oxide double‐shelled hollow nanospheres (MDSHs), which avoided the traditional tedious procedures. It was attractive that the formation mechanism of DSHs involved redeposition of etch‐released silica species and self‐assembly of metal oxide units. To verify the successful synthesis and structure features of Pt‐LCDSHs catalyst, the as‐prepared samples were characterized by several techniques, such as SEM, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm analysis, TEM, EDX, XRD and XPS. Results indicated that all of MDSHs possessed double‐shelled structures with both the inner and outer shells composing of metal oxide units. Interestingly, the metal oxide of the DHSs could offer abundant active points for Pt NPs and the space between the double shells also could be filled with Pt NPs. What's more, compared with the pure samples, the Pt‐embedded La2O3‐CeO2‐DSHs exhibited the highest catalytic performance (6.58 × 10−3 min−1) and good reusability with a conversion of 94% even after eight cycles, which were evaluated by means of the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol monitored by UV–vis spectra. Finally, a possible reaction mechanism for the reduction reaction on Pt‐based La2O3‐CeO2‐DSHs was also proposed.
Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of the common littoral shrimp Palaemon serratus (Pennant, 1777) by microsatellites: Towards a sustainable management
Authors: Perina Alejandra , Mari‐Mena Neus , Torrecilla Zeltia , González‐Tizón Ana M. , González‐Castellano Inés , González‐Ortegón Enrique , Martínez‐Lage Andrés 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The common littoral shrimp Palaemon serratus is an ecologically and economically important decapod crustacean. Understanding the spatial structure of its populations is crucial to implement effective management strategies.
In this study, 17 polymorphic microsatellite nuclear markers were examined in 252 individuals to explore the genetic diversity and the population structure underlying the geographical distribution of this crustacean in European waters.
Basic genetic descriptors, population genetic analyses based on FST, analysis of the molecular variance (AMOVA), Bayesian clustering and the Mantel test were performed. Genetic differentiation was significant among sampling sites.
AMOVAs and Bayesian assignment tests showed genetic differentiation among localities from the Atlantic coast and those belonging to the area of the Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea.
The Guadalquivir estuary was significantly different from the remaining localities. A biogeographical break was detected to the west of the Strait of Gibraltar, and evidence of isolation by distance was obtained.
Localities on both sides of the English Channel showed genetic differentiation with the rest of the Atlantic sampling sites, indicating a biogeographical break in this area.
These results will contribute towards the better understanding of the biology and ecology of this shrimp and management of the valuable fishery. Two priority areas were delimited: the Atlantic and the Gibraltar–Mediterranean. The Guadalquivir estuary, Anglesey and Calais should also be considered as different genetic stocks.
TRE1 and CHS1 contribute to deltamethrin resistance in Culex pipiens pallens
Authors: Guo Juxin , Xu Yang , Yang Xiaoshan , Sun Xiaohong , Sun Yan , Zhou Dan , Ma Lei , Shen Bo , Zhu Changliang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCuticular resistance, characterized by decreased epidermal penetration, has been reported on highly pyrethroid‐resistant mosquitoes. In this study, we examined the role of genes in the chitin biosynthetic pathway in the context of deltamethrin‐resistant (DR) Culex pipiens pallens. We found that expression of the trehalase (TRE1) gene and chitin synthase (CHS1) gene was upregulated 1.65‐ and 1.75‐fold with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in the DR strain as compared with the deltamethrin‐susceptible (DS) strain. Examination of chitin content in DR and DS pupae showed an increased amount of chitin in DR pupae. To further establish the role of TRE1 and CHS1 in deltamethrin resistance, we injected mosquitoes with small interfering RNA (siRNA) for knockdown of TRE1 or CHS1 expression. The mortality rates of DR mosquitoes exposed to insecticides increased 17% and 26% after siTRE1 and siCHS1 injection, respectively. The siRNA treatment against TRE1 resulted in decreased expression of the downstream gene CHS1. Together, our findings support a role of TRE1 and CHS1 in the regulation of pyrethroid resistance.
Generalized projective synchronization for networks with one crucial node and different dimensional nodes via a single controller
Authors: Zhang Lili , Wang Yinhe , Wang Qingyun , Qiao Shouhong , Wang Fang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the generalized projective synchronization (GPS) among the nodes within a complex dynamical network (CDN). Multiple characteristics of realistic networks are simultaneously considered in our network model. First, one crucial node is introduced into our CDN, which behaves like a leader and exists in many practical networks. Second, the commonalities between the crucial node and every other node are discussed and they are embodied in the network model. Third, our CDN is composed of different dimensional nodes and has an overall time‐varying coupling strength. Furthermore, in order to describe more synchronous phenomena, the exponential generalized projective synchronization (EGPS) and asymptotic generalized projective synchronization (AGPS) are defined. The main objective of this paper is to design an effective but simple decentralized controller for the crucial node such that our network realizes GPS. Based on rigorous theoretical derivations, EGPS and AGPS schemes are respectively proposed according to whether the overall coupling strength is certain or adaptive. Few previous studies have focused on this. It is worth pointing out that both the control input and the adaptive law of the coupling strength in this paper only lie in the information of the crucial node, which implies the significance of the crucial node to some extent. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of our theoretical results are verified by two numerical simulation examples.
Green‐light emission through energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ ions in the Li2SO4–Al2(SO4)3 system
Authors: Yerpude M.M. , Nair Govind B. , Dhoble S.J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn energy transfer process from Ce3+ to Tb3+ ions was successfully achieved in a Li2SO4–Al2(SO4)3 mixed‐sulphate system. A wet‐chemical synthesis was employed to prepare the Li2SO4–Al2(SO4)3 system by doping Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions individually as well as collectively. The phases were identified using X‐ray diffraction studies. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by FT‐IR and photoluminescence measurements. Green‐light emission was exhibited by Ce3+, Tb3+ co‐doped Li2SO4–Al2(SO4)3 system, thus, indicating its potential as a material for display devices or in the lamp industry.
Tubal hydatidiform mole treated with salpingotomy: A case report
Authors: Zhao Ting , Hou Xiuhong , Su Chunlin , Wu Qinjiao 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageTubal hydatidiform mole is rare and mostly treated with salpingectomy. This manuscript presented a case treated with salpingotomy plus methotrexate that possessed a satisfactory outcome. Our report adds to the experience of using salpingotomy in tubal molar patients.
Mature cystic teratoma of ovary with squamous cell carcinoma arising from it
Authors: Maharjan Sushna 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageClinicians, pathologists, and radiologists should be aware of rare malignant ovarian tumors arising in mature cystic teratoma (MCT). Suspicion should be raised if the patient is elderly, the tumor is huge, and the tumor has large solid foci. However, malignant transformations in MCTs in younger women have been reported.
Unusual presentation of dermatofibroma on the face: Case report
Authors: AlQusayer Maha , AlQusayer Mei , Alkeraye Salim 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageDermatofibroma (DF; Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma) seldom presents on the face. We present an unusual case presentation of translucent nodule on the upper right cheek of the face which was diagnosed clinically as basal cell carcinoma. Physician should include DF in the differential of such lesions.
The Telomerization of 1,3‐Dienes – A Reaction Grows Up
Authors: Faßbach Thiemo A. , Vorholt Andreas J. , Leitner Walter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 04/2019 is provided by researchers from the group for Molecular Catalysis at the Max‐Planck‐Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (Germany). The image shows an assembly line that symbolizes the versatility and potential selectivity of the telomerization reaction. See the Minireview itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201801821.
Tuning parameter identification for variable selection algorithm using the sum of ranking differences algorithm
Authors: Nie Mingpeng , Meng Liuwei , Chen Xiaojing , Hu Xinyu , Li Limin , Yuan Leimin , Shi Wen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVariable selection algorithms are often adopted to select the optimal variable from a full set of variables and are efficient for reducing the variable dimension and improving the model accuracy. Nonetheless, the parameters of the variable selection method and regression model, such as the number of latent variables of the partial least squares (PLS) model and the threshold value of the variable importance index, need to be identified. The parameters directly determine the final performance of the model. Currently, these parameters are often determined subjectively. As a result, the model results may be accidental because of the subjective determination of the parameters. To objectively identify these parameters, the sum of ranking differences (SRD) coupled with partial least squares‐variable importance in projection (PLS‐VIP‐SRD) and partial least squares‐uninformative variable elimination (PLS‐UVE‐SRD) algorithms was applied to determine the latent variable of the PLS model and the threshold value of the variable importance index. Furthermore, public near‐infrared data of corn were used as the calculation data. The final results show that the PLS‐VIP‐SRD and PLS‐UVE‐SRD models can more effectively and objectively determine the optimal parameter combination than the PLS‐VIP and PLS‐UVE models. Moreover, the selected variables are easier to interpret, and the prediction accuracy is also improved to some extent.
Preparation and Characterization of a π‐Conjugated Donor–Acceptor System Containing the Strongly Electron‐Accepting Tetraphenylborolyl Unit
Authors: Meier Michael , Ji Lei , Nitsch Jörn , Krummenacher Ivo , Deißenberger Andrea , Auerhammer Dominic , Schäfer Marius , Marder Todd B. , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel thiophene‐bridged donor–acceptor system was synthesized with a carbazole as donor and a borole as acceptor unit. The borole group was successfully installed via the tin–boron exchange reaction of 1,1‐dimethyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetraphenylstannole with 9‐(5‐(dibromoboryl)thiophen‐2‐yl)carbazole. The effect of the borole on the optoelectronic properties of the donor–acceptor system was explored by spectroscopic (UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and theoretical (TD‐DFT) methods as well as by modifying its structure. The corresponding donor–acceptor compound bearing the widely employed dimesitylboryl acceptor group was also synthesized for comparison.
DUckCov: a Dynamic Undocking‐Based Virtual Screening Protocol for Covalent Binders
Authors: Rachman Moira , Scarpino Andrea , Bajusz Dávid , Pálfy Gyula , Vida István , Perczel András , Barril Xavier , Keserű György M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThanks to recent guidelines, the design of safe and effective covalent drugs has gained significant interest. Other than targeting non‐conserved nucleophilic residues, optimizing the noncovalent binding framework is important to improve potency and selectivity of covalent binders toward the desired target. Significant efforts have been made in extending the computational toolkits to include a covalent mechanism of protein targeting, like in the development of covalent docking methods for binding mode prediction. To highlight the value of the noncovalent complex in the covalent binding process, here we describe a new protocol using tethered and constrained docking in combination with Dynamic Undocking (DUck) as a tool to privilege strong protein binders for the identification of novel covalent inhibitors. At the end of the protocol, dedicated covalent docking methods were used to rank and select the virtual hits based on the predicted binding mode. By validating the method on JAK3 and KRas, we demonstrate how this fast iterative protocol can be applied to explore a wide chemical space and identify potent targeted covalent inhibitors.
An explicit micro‐FE approach to investigate the post‐yield behaviour of trabecular bone under large deformations
Authors: Werner Benjamin , Ovesy Marzieh , Zysset Philippe K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHomogenised finite element (FE) analyses are able to predict osteoporosis‐related bone fractures and become useful for clinical applications. The predictions of FE analyses depend on the apparent, heterogeneous, anisotropic, elastic, and yield material properties, which are typically determined by implicit micro‐FE (μFE) analyses of trabecular bone. The objective of this study is to explore an explicit μFE approach to determine the apparent post‐yield behaviour of trabecular bone, beyond the elastic and yield properties. The material behaviour of bone tissue was described by elasto‐plasticity with a von Mises yield criterion closed by a planar cap for positive hydrostatic stresses to distinguish the post‐yield behaviour in tension and compression. Two ultimate strains for tension and compression were calibrated to trigger element deletion and reproduce damage of trabecular bone. A convergence analysis was undertaken to assess the role of the mesh. Thirteen load cases using periodicity‐compatible mixed uniform boundary conditions were applied to three human trabecular bone samples of increasing volume fractions. The effect of densification in large strains was explored. The convergence study revealed a strong dependence of the apparent ultimate stresses and strains on element size. An apparent quadric strength surface for trabecular bone was successfully fitted in a normalised stress space. The effect of densification was reproduced and correlated well with former experimental results. This study demonstrates the potential of the explicit FE formulation and the element deletion technique to reproduce damage in trabecular bone using μFE analyses. The proper account of the mesh sensitivity remains challenging for practical computing times.