bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of the Samarka terrane cherts (Sikhote-Alin) and the size of the accreted paleo-oceanic plate
Authors: Kemkin I.V. , Khanchuk A.I. , Kemkina R.A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We have studied the geochemistry of Late Triassic cherts from tectonic sedimentary complexes of different structural levels of the Samarka terrane. The results show that the contents and distribution patterns of major rock-forming oxides, trace elements, and REE in the cherts of the upper and lower structural levels are somewhat different, which is due to different facies environments of chert accumulation. In particular, the contents of Al2O3, TiO2, and K2O gradually decrease and the contents of Fe2O3 and MnO increase downsection. The contents of Zr, Rb, Hf, Th, and Cr, which were supplied into the bottom sediments with a terrigenous suspension of heavy-mineral fragments, are twice to ten-fold lower than their average contents in the upper crust. In contrast, the contents of Pb, Cu, and Ni, which got into the sediments mostly with metalliferous hydrothermal solutions, are rather high and even exceed their average contents in the middle and upper crust. That is, the contents of the first-group trace elements gradually decrease and the contents of the second-group trace elements increase from upper to lower structural level. The calculated negative Ce anomaly gradually decreases from lower (0.75) to upper (0.88) structural level. The geochemical parameters altogether indicate that the cherts accumulated in the same pelagic depositional environment but in its different parts. The Katen complex composing the lower structural level is the most remote from the continental margin, and the Amba–Matay complex forming the upper structural level is the most proximal. Based on the geochemical and biostratigraphic data and on the time of accretion of paleo-oceanic fragments, we have established the location of each complex within the not yet subducted oceanic plate and estimated the extensionof this plate. Throughout the Jurassic, about 6000 km of the oceanic lithosphere was subducted beneath the eastern margin of the Paleo-Asian continent and partly accreted to it.
Neocomian paleogeography, gas hydrate cementation of sediments, and abnormal sequences of the Bazhenov Formation (West Siberia)
Authors: Grishkevich V.F. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Abnormal zones of the Bazhenov Formation originated in the Neocomian as a result of protobazhenite reworking by submarine slide and slump waste wedgings, which eroded and deformed slope toe protobazhenite. But gas hydrate (GH) cementation might restrict the rock ability for plastic deformation. The conditions for GH thermodynamic stability in protobazhenites are inferred from reconstructions of paleogeographic and paleo-oceanic evironments. Joint analysis of Neocomian marine paleodepths and deep water paleotemperatures provides an explanation of the Bazhenov abnormal-zone extension.
Tommotian (Lower Cambrian) stratigraphy and fossil fauna communities in the Kiya River section (Kuznetsk Alatau)
Authors: Korovnikov I.V. , Tokarev D.A. , Novozhilova N.V. , Terleev A.A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The lower Ust’-Kundat Formation has been studied in detail in a section along the Kiya River (Kuznetsk Alatau, Altai–Sayan folded area). The section was deposited during the Tommotian stage and is a stratotype for the Lower Cambrian Ust’-Kundat sequence comprising several members of the Ust’-Kundat Formation. Member 2 contains newly discovered and previously known species of archaeocyathids near its top found stratigraphically lower than the oldest known archaeocyathan assemblage of the Nochoroicyathus mariinskii biozone. The found archaeocyaths cannot be dated precisely and may have either Tommotian or Atdabanian ages. Small shelly fossils from the same section cover a large stratigraphic range as well. The findings call for updating the age of the upper Ust’-Kundat sequence and the Tommotian upper boundary in the regional stratigraphy of the Altai–Sayan folded area.
Designing flexible sandboxing solutions to adapt to new malware trends
Authors: Cafasso Matteo , Tarral Mathieu 
Published: February 2018

Every day, security organisations analyse thousands of new files and URLs, identifying the harmful ones to constantly improve their knowledge of computer threats. It is hard to guess whether a file or URL could be harmful or not without executing it, and executing unknown malicious software is dangerous. Every day, security organisations analyse thousands of new files and URLs, identifying the harmful ones to constantly improve their knowledge of threats. Matteo Cafasso and Mathieu Tarral of F-Secure explore design patterns and technologies for this kind of analysis, and look at an architectural design aiming to produce a flexible and maintainable sandboxing platform. They also discuss the introduction of a software development kit (SDK).
ON INTEGRATED CHANCE CONSTRAINTS IN ALM FOR PENSION FUNDS
Authors: Toukourou Youssouf A. F. , Dufresne François 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe discuss the role ofintegrated chance constraints(ICC) as quantitative risk constraints in asset and liability management (ALM) for pension funds. We define two types of ICC: theone periodintegrated chance constraint (OICC) and themultiperiodintegrated chance constraint (MICC). As their names suggest, the OICC covers only one period, whereas several periods are taken into account with the MICC. A multistage stochastic linear programming model is therefore developed for this purpose and a special mention is paid to the modeling of the MICC. Based on a numerical example, we first analyze the effects of the OICC and the MICC on the optimal decisions (asset allocation and contribution rate) of a pension fund. By definition, the MICC is more restrictive and safer compared to the OICC. Second, we quantify this MICC safety increase. The results show that although the optimal decisions from the OICC and the MICC differ, the total costs are very close, showing that the MICC is definitely a better approach since it is more prudent.
Fiduciary Duty, Risk, and Shareholder Desert
Authors: Sollars Gordon G. , Tuluca Sorin A. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT:A common moral argument is that shareholders have a special status because of risk when considering the duties of corporate management. The privileges of this status usually include the idea that management should adopt the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth. We argue that modern financial theory demonstrates that this argument should be modified by the recognition of a principle of desert, the shareholder desert principle (SDP). Financial theory can usefully circumscribe the duty owed to shareholders and the extent to which risk bearing justifies a claim on corporate value. When combined with the SDP, the result provides management with a guideline for what is owed to shareholders before other stakeholder non-contractual claims may be satisfied. As such, our approach provides management with some guidance through the thicket of competing stakeholder claims.
Evaluation of an Ophthalmoscopy Simulator to Teach Funduscopy Skills to Pediatric Residents
Authors: Kouzmitcheva Elizabeth , Grover Stephanie A. , Berenbaum Tara , Ali Asim , Atkinson Adelle , Yeh E. Ann 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground: Medical school and residency training in ophthalmoscopic evaluation is limited, reducing diagnostic accuracy. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of self-study using an ophthalmoscopy simulator to improve the technical motor skills involved in direct funduscopy in postgraduate pediatric residents. Methods: In this randomized-controlled study, 17 pediatric residents (postgraduate years 1-3) were randomized to control (n=8) or intervention (n=9) groups. Participants were asked to correctly identify the funduscopic findings presented to them on an ophthalmoscopy simulator after being trained on its use. Each participant was asked to review 20 images of the fundus, and then record their multiple-choice response on a scantron sheet listing all possible funduscopic pathologies. Pre- and post-intervention testing was performed. Survey data assessing exposure to funduscopy skills during undergraduate and postgraduate training and overall experience with the simulator were collected. Results: Most (65% [11/17]) participants reported minimal or no formal teaching in ophthalmology during their undergraduate medical studies. Average pre-intervention score (of 20) was 10.24±1.75 (51%) for the entire group, with no statistically significant difference between average pre-score in the control (10.63±1.77) versus intervention (9.89±1.76, p=0.405) groups. Intervention subjects experienced a statistically significant improvement in scores (9.89±1.76 vs. 12.78±2.05, p=0.006 [95% confidence interval 4.80-0.98]), but control subjects did not. Conclusions: A single session with an ophthalmoscopy simulator can improve diagnostic accuracy in postgraduate pediatric trainees. Use of ophthalmoscopy simulation represents a novel addition to traditional learning methods for postgraduate pediatric residents that can help trainees to improve their confidence and accuracy in performing this challenging examination.
Environmental Crime and Victimization: A Green Criminological Analysis of the Endosulfan Disaster, Kasargod, Kerala
Authors: Melangadi Faisal 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPesticides are chemicals used to kill pests and other “rival” organisms which may cause damage to crops in agriculture. In some instances the vast usage of pesticides may create negative effects on the environment and its units like living and non-living organisms. Green criminology counts such harmful activities upon the environment as crimes or harms though such activities can be legal or illegal in nature. The case of the endosulfan disaster that occurred in Kasargod, Kerala can be accounted to environmental harms which detrimentally affected the environment and its units, especially humans. The pesticide endosulfan was sprayed aerially for around 25 years in cashew plantations situated in Kasargod and caused severe diseases and extensive malformations among people living in the region. In this paper the endosulfan disaster of Kasargod is approached through the green criminological perspective of environmental harms.
Mental health interventions in Myanmar: a review of the academic and gray literature
Authors: Nguyen A. J. , Lee C. , Schojan M. , Bolton P. 
Published: February 2018

Background.Recent political changes in Myanmar provide opportunities to expand mental health (MH) services. Given Myanmar's unique situation, we felt a need to assemble and interpret available local information on MH in Myanmar to inform service design, rather than simply drawing lessons from other countries. We reviewed academic and gray literature on the experience of MH problems in Myanmar and the suitability, availability, and effectiveness of MH and psychosocial programming.Methods.We searched: (1) Google Scholar; (2) PubMed; (3) PsychInfo; (4) English-language Myanmar journals and databases; (5) the Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) Network resources website; (6) websites and (7) local contacts of organizations identified during 2010 and 2013 mapping exercise of MHPSS providers; (8) the Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU) website; (9) University libraries in Yangon and Mandalay; and (10) identified local MH professionals.Results.Qualitative data suggest that MH conditions resulting from stress are similar to those experienced elsewhere. Fourteen intervention evaluations were identified: three on community-level interventions, three on adult religion-based practice (meditation), four adult psychotherapeutic interventions, and four child-focused interventions. Support for the acceptability and effectiveness of interventions is mostly anecdotal. With the exception of two rigorous, randomized control trials, most evaluations had serious methodologic limitations.Conclusions.Few evaluations of psychotherapeutic or psychosocial programs for people from Myanmar have been published in the black or gray literature. Incorporating rigorous evaluations into existing and future programs is imperative for expanding the evidence base for psychotherapeutic and psychosocial programs in this context.
Immunological Stability ofClostridium difficileToxins in Clinical Specimens
Authors: Schora Donna M. , Peterson Lance R. , Usacheva Elena A. 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVEThe impact of storage on stability and detection ofClostridium difficiletoxins in feces is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunological stability ofC. difficiletoxins in clinical stool specimens under different storage conditions by evaluating this stability using toxin detection by enzyme immunoassay (EIA).METHODSStool specimens positive forC. difficileinfection (CDI) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used for EIA testing with theC. difficileTox A/B II kit. The EIA-positive specimens were stored aerobically under refrigerated (4–10°C) and frozen (−30°C and −80°C) conditions. Measurement of toxin quantity was conducting using optical density (OD) on days 0, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 120 of storage.RESULTSClostridium difficiletoxins demonstrated good detection in undiluted stool specimens by EIA up to 120 days of storage. Good detection of the toxins was observed in diluted samples at refrigerated and −80°C temperatures. Dilution detrimentally affected toxin detection at −30°C.CONCLUSIONStorage of undiluted clinical stool specimens at refrigerated, −30°C, and −80°C temperatures for up to 120 days has no discernible effect on the immunological stability ofC. difficilecytotoxins. However, storage at −30°C has a detrimental effect onC. difficiletoxin stability in diluted specimens.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:434–438
On the origin of spanwise vortex deformations in laminar separation bubbles
Authors: Michelis Theodoros , Yarusevych Serhiy , Kotsonis Marios 
Published: February 2018

This work investigates the three-dimensional, spatio-temporal flow development in the aft portion of a laminar separation bubble. The bubble is forming on a flat plate geometry, subjected to an adverse pressure gradient, featuring maximum reverse flow of approximately 2 % of the local free-stream velocity. Time-resolved velocity measurements are performed by means of planar and tomographic particle image velocimetry, in the vicinity of the reattachment region. The measurements are complemented with a numerical solution of the boundary layer equations in the upstream field. The combined numerical and measured boundary layer is used as a baseline flow for linear stability theory analysis. The results provide insight into the dynamics of dominant coherent structures that form in the separated shear layer and deform along the span. Stability analysis shows that the flow becomes unstable upstream of separation, where both normal and oblique modes undergo amplification. While the shear layer roll up is linked to the amplification of the fundamental normal mode, the oblique modes at angles lower than approximately$30^{\circ }$are also amplified substantially at the fundamental frequency. A model based on the stability analysis and experimental measurements is employed to demonstrate that the spanwise deformations of rollers are produced due to a superposition of normal and oblique instability modes initiating upstream of separation. The degree of the initial spanwise deformations is shown to depend on the relative amplitude of the dominant normal and oblique waves. This is confirmed by forcing the normal mode through a controlled impulsive perturbation introduced by a spanwise invariant dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator, resulting in the formation of spanwise coherent vortices. The findings elucidate the link between important features in the bubble shedding dynamics and stability characteristics and provide further clarification on the differences in the development of coherent structures seen in recent experiments. Moreover, the results present a handle on the development of effective control strategies that can be used to either promote or suppress shedding in separation bubbles, which is of interest for system performance improvement and control of aeroacoustic emissions in relevant applications.
V2492 Cygni: Optical BVRI Variability During the Period 2010–2017
Authors: Ibryamov Sunay I. , Semkov Evgeni H. , Peneva Stoyanka P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractResults from BVRI photometric observations of the young stellar object V2492 Cyg collected during the period from August 2010 to December 2017 are presented. The star is located in the field of the Pelican Nebula and it was discovered in 2010 due to its remarkable increase in the brightness by more than 5 mag in R-band. According to the first hypothesis of the variability, V2492 Cyg is an FUor candidate. During subsequent observations, it was reported that the star shows the characteristics inherent to EXor- and UXor-type variables. The optical data show that during the whole time of observations the star exhibits multiple large amplitude increases and drops in the brightness. In the beginning of 2017, we registered a significant increase in the optical brightness of V2492 Cyg, which seriously exceeds the maximal magnitudes registered after 2010.
Green leafy and cruciferous vegetable consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the Singapore Chinese Health Study and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Guo-Chong , Koh Woon-Puay , Yuan Jian-Min , Qin Li-Qiang , van Dam Rob M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSeveral previous prospective studies suggest that consumption of green leafy and cruciferous vegetables may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the association between consumption of different types of vegetables in relation to T2D risk in an Asian Population. We included 45 411 participants (age range: 45–74 years) of the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) free of diabetes, cancer or CVD at baseline (1993–1998). Dietary information was collected using a validated FFQ. Physician-diagnosed incident diabetes was reported at follow-up I (1999–2004) and II (2006–2010) interviews. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % CI of T2D risk. An updated meta-analysis was also conducted to summarise results for green leafy and cruciferous vegetables. During 494 741 person-years of follow-up, 5207 incident T2D occurred. After adjustment for potential confounders, neither total vegetables (top v. bottom quintile HR=1·08; 95 % CI 0·98, 1·18, Ptrend=0·66) nor specific vegetables including dark green leafy vegetables (HR=1·05; 95 % CI 0·96, 1·15, Ptrend=0·21) and cruciferous vegetables (HR=0·97; 95 % CI 0·88, 1·06, Ptrend=0·29) were substantially associated with risk of T2D. A meta-analysis (eleven studies with 754 729 participants and 58 297 cases) including the SCHS and all previous prospective studies suggested borderline significant inverse associations between green leafy (summary relative risk (RR)=0·91; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·00) and cruciferous vegetable consumption (RR=0·87; 95 % CI 0·76, 1·00) and T2D risk, with moderate-to-high heterogeneity. In conclusion, green leafy or cruciferous vegetable consumption was not substantially associated with risk of T2D in an Asian population. Meta-analysis of available cohort data indicated that evidence for a beneficial effect of green leafy or cruciferous vegetable consumption on T2D risk is not convincing.
Early effects on the intestinal barrier and pancreatic function after enteral stimulation with protease or kidney bean lectin in neonatal rats
Authors: Arévalo Sureda Ester , Prykhodko Olena , Weström Björn 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGut maturation naturally accelerates at weaning in altricial mammalian species, such as the rat. Mimicking this, gut development can also be induced precociously, 3–4 d earlier than it would occur naturally, by enteral exposure to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), or various proteases. We investigated the early effects of gut provocation on intestinal barrier and pancreatic functions, to get a better understanding of the mechanisms that initiate gut maturation. The effects of oral administration of protease (trypsin) or PHA to 14-d-old suckling rats were studied during 24 h in comparison with water-fed controls. Intestinalin vivopermeability was assessed by oral administration of different-sized marker molecules and measuring their passage into the blood or urine 3 h later. A period of 24 h following oral administration, both PHA and protease provocation stimulated small intestinal (SI) growth and pancreatic secretion, as indicated by decreased pancreatic trypsin and increased luminal enzyme content. Within 1 h of oral administration, both treatments prevented the absorption of macromolecules to blood that was observed in controls. PHA treatment hindered the passage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD) 4 to blood, whereas protease treatment temporarily increased plasma levels of FD4, and the urine lactulose:mannitol ratio, indicating increased intestinal leakiness. Following protease treatment, fluorescence microscopy showed decreased vesicular uptake of FD70 in the proximal SI and increased epithelial fluorescence in the distal SI. In conclusion, PHA and protease differed in their early effects on the intestinal barrier; both exerted a blocking effect on epithelial endocytosis, whereas protease treatment alone temporarily increased epithelial leakiness, which seemed to be confined to the distal SI.
Evaluational reactions to spoken French and English in Montreal: Does mother tongue really matter?
Authors: Laur Elke 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMontreal became famous in socio-psychological and sociohnguistic circles half a century ago, when a group of researchers—Lambert, Hodgson, Gardner, and Fil-lenbaum — invented a new methodology to measure speech evaluations indirectly. They came up with an innovative technique, called matched guise, which allows researchers to access subjects’ reactions without asking for their opinions directly or doing extensive field work. In 2004, another matched guise study of the evaluational reactions of Montrealers added new aspects to the original methodological design in order to test some of its limits. The fundamental methodological difference was to include members of different language groups in a representative sample of the population of Montreal so that multivariate analysis could determine the extent to which belonging to a specific linguistic group could actually account for reactions to spoken language. This analysis reveals that some earlier interpretations should be realigned.
On the D-linked character of genitive interrogatives in Iraqi Arabic
Authors: Sterian Laura Andreea 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on genitive interrogatives in Iraqi Arabic. I argue that these constructions are inherently D-linked (Discourse-Linked). Similarly to D-linked interrogatives, when genitive interrogatives appear in content questions in which both the resumptive strategy and the gap strategy are possible, the genitive interrogatives have a D-N structure when the gap strategy is employed and aD-φ-Nstructure when the resumptive strategy is employed. I then propose the following hypothesis: what defines D-linking is the presence of a domain restriction in the form of an overt noun.