bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐ and Long‐term Effects of Neuromodulators for Unexplained Chronic Cough
Authors: Bowen Andrew Jay , Nowacki Amy S. , Contrera Kevin , Trask Douglas , Kaltenbach James , Milstein Claudio F. , Adessa Michelle , Benninger Michael S. , Taliercio Rachel , Bryson Paul C. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the short‐ and long‐term effects of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and gabapentin in the treatment of unexplained chronic cough (UCC).Study DesignProspective cohort.SettingTertiary care hospital.Subjects and MethodsPatients seen between July 2016 and March 2017 were included following a formal workup and clinical evaluation indicative of UCC. Patients were placed on either a TCA (amitriptyline or nortriptyline) or gabapentin. Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) and percentage improvement scores were obtained prior to treatment initiation and at 2 and 6 months of neuromodulator treatment. A linear mixed model assessed the change in LCQ score between the 2 treatment time points and baseline scores.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients completed a total of 37 neuromodulator trials. Gabapentin demonstrated statistically significant improvement in LCQ scores at 2 months (2.48 points, P≤. 01) and 6 months (5.40 points, P =. 01) of treatment as compared with baseline. Patients taking TCAs demonstrated statistically significant improvement of LCQ scores at 2 months of treatment (3.46 points, P≤. 01). However, the majority of patients discontinued treatment, most commonly secondary to the development of tachyphylaxis after 2 months, precluding analysis at 6 months.ConclusionWhile both neuromodulator classes demonstrated short‐term benefit, the majority of patients discontinue treatment prior to 6 months, with patients taking TCAs discontinuing more frequently than patients on gabapentin. Future investigations are warranted evaluating tachyphylaxis and the utility of dual treatment therapies designed to address peripheral and central sensory pathways involved in UCC.
Assessment of Oropharyngeal and Laryngeal Cancer Treatment Delay in a Private and Safety Net Hospital System
Authors: Perlow Haley K. , Ramey Stephen J. , Silver Ben , Kwon Deukwoo , Chinea Felix M. , Samuels Stuart E. , Samuels Michael A. , Elsayyad Nagy , Yechieli Raphael 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of treatment setting and demographic factors on oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer time to treatment initiation (TTI).Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingSafety net hospital and adjacent private academic hospital.Subjects and MethodsDemographic, staging, and treatment details were retrospectively collected for 239 patients treated from January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016. TTI was defined as days between diagnostic biopsy and initiation of curative treatment (defined as first day of radiotherapy [RT], surgery, or chemotherapy).ResultsOn multivariable analysis, safety net hospital treatment (vs private academic hospital treatment), initial diagnosis at outside hospital, and oropharyngeal cancer (vs laryngeal cancer) were all associated with increased TTI. Surgical treatment, severe comorbidity, and both N1 and N2 status were associated with decreased TTI.ConclusionSafety net hospital treatment was associated with increased TTI. No differences in TTI were found when language spoken and socioeconomic status were examined in the overall cohort.
Perceptions of primary health staff about falls prevention in primary care settings in the west of Ireland
Authors: Mackenzie Lynette , Clifford Amanda 
Published: April 2018

Introduction Primary care is an emerging area of practice for allied health practitioners. The effective integration of primary care services provided by different professions using diverse funding sources is challenging. Ireland has implemented a primary care strategy and set up primary care teams to address this. Acknowledging the ageing population in the community, fall prevention needs to be a core function of these services. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of general practitioners, occupational therapists and physiotherapists working in the primary care setting about falls prevention in their practice. Method Three general practitioners, five occupational therapists and three physiotherapists were interviewed from primary care teams in the counties of Limerick, Clare and North Tipperary, Ireland. Interviews were in person or by telephone and audiotaped, transcribed and analysed thematically. Results Two key themes emerged from the data: the level of primary care team integration and the nature of community fall prevention, linked by referral mechanisms. Conclusion Providing comprehensive falls prevention services in the primary care context is complex. Integrated processes and pathways in primary care teams are needed to identify older people at risk of falls and to engage a whole of primary care approach to fall prevention.
A 12-month, multicenter, parallel group comparison of dexamethasone intravitreal implant versus ranibizumab in branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Bandello Francesco , Augustin Albert , Tufail Adnan , Leaback Richard 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: Dexamethasone intravitreal implant and intravitreal ranibizumab are indicated for the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. This non-inferiority study compared dexamethasone with ranibizumab in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion. Methods: In this randomized, 12-month head-to-head comparison, subjects with branch retinal vein occlusion were assigned to dexamethasone 0.7 mg at day 1 and month 5 with the option of retreatment at month 10 or 11, or ranibizumab 0.5 mg at day 1 and monthly through month 5 with subsequent as-needed injections at month 6–month 11. The primary efficacy outcome was the mean change from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity at month 12; secondary outcomes included average change in best-corrected visual acuity, proportion of eyes with ≥10- and ≥15-letter gain/loss, change in central retinal thickness, and change in Vision Functioning Questionnaire-25 score. Results: In all, 307 of a planned 400 patients were enrolled in the study and received (mean) 2.5 dexamethasone injections (n = 154) and 8.0 ranibizumab injections (n = 153) over 12 months. The mean change from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity at month 12 was 7.4 letters for dexamethasone versus 17.4 letters for ranibizumab (least-squares mean difference (dexamethasone minus ranibizumab), −10.1 letters; 95% confidence interval, −12.9, −7.2; p = 0.0006). Conclusion: Dexamethasone and ranibizumab improved best-corrected visual acuity and anatomical outcomes; however, dexamethasone did not show non-inferiority to ranibizumab in this under-powered study. Dexamethasone was associated with an increased risk of intraocular pressure elevation and cataract progression, but a lower injection burden, compared to ranibizumab.
A novel device for preoperative skin preparation to reduce the risk of injury and surgical site infection during lower limb surgery
Authors: Webb J , Hilliam R , Bainbridge LC 
Published: April 2018

Surgical site infection (SSI) continues to be a feared complication of surgery but especially orthopaedic surgery where a superficial SSI has been estimated to add nine days to the hospital stay and an average of £2500 to the cost. Despite the efficacy of all skin preparation agents being maximal at around 10 minutes no current system, apart from the double prep method attributed to Sir John Charnley, allows adequate control of bacteria. Current techniques of skin preparation require lifting of the limb with an associated risk of injury to theatre operatives. In order to provide for longer duration of contact, potentially better antisepsis and to remove the dangers inherent in lifting the limb we developed a novel system for limb antisepsis prior to surgery. To demonstrate efficacy we performed a single blind randomised controlled trial powered to demonstrate non-inferiority. We demonstrated a significant benefit of the device in terms of bactericidal effect. Whilst only recently entering full production, we would recommend the system as a significant improvement over current techniques of limb antisepsis.
Total metabolic tumor volume, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA: distinct prognostic value in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Delfau-Larue Marie-Hélène , van der Gucht Axel , Dupuis Jehan , Jais Jean-Philippe , Nel Isabelle , Beldi-Ferchiou Asma , Hamdane Salma , Benmaad Ichrafe , Laboure Gaelle , Verret Benjamin , Haioun Corinne , Copie-Bergman Christiane , Berriolo-Riedinger Alina , Robert Philippine , Casasnovas René-Olivier , Itti Emmanuel 
Published: April 2018

Key Points
Cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells are related to TMTV in follicular lymphoma at diagnosis. Cell-free DNA levels, in addition to TMTV, define high-risk follicular lymphoma patients.
The tongue as a gripper
Authors: Noel Alexis C. , Hu David L. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Frogs, chameleons and anteaters are striking examples of animals that can grab food using only their tongue. How does the soft and wet surface of a tongue grip onto objects before they are ingested? Here, we review the diversity of tongue projection methods, tongue roughnesses and tongue coatings, our goal being to highlight conditions for effective grip and mobility. A softer tongue can reach farther: the frog Rana pipiens tongue is 10 times softer than the human tongue and can extend to 130% of its length when propelled in a whip-like motion. Roughness can improve a tongue's grip: the spikes on a penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus tongue can be as large as fingernails, and help the penguin swallow fish. The saliva coating on the tongue, a non-Newtonian biofluid, can either lubricate or adhere to food. Frog saliva is 175 times more viscous than human saliva, adhering the tongue to slippery, furry or feathery food. We pay particular attention to using mathematical models such as the theory of capillarity, elasticity and friction to elucidate the parameters for effective tongue use across a variety of vertebrate species. Finally, we postulate how the use of wet and rough surfaces to simultaneously sense and grip may inspire new strategies in emerging technologies such as soft robots.
Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in People with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: BOCHKEZANIAN VANESA , NEWTON ROBERT U. , TRAJANO GABRIEL S. , BLAZEVICH ANTHONY J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Muscle force production is usually impaired in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). The use of high-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) strength training can help promote metabolically active lean muscle mass and, thus, increase muscle mass and improve physical health and quality of life (QoL). Nonetheless, NMES is usually used at low-stimulation intensities, and there is limited evidence on the effects of high-intensity NMES strength training into improving muscle force and mass, symptoms of spasticity, or physical health and QoL in people with SCI.

Methods
Five individuals with chronic SCI completed five 10-repetition sets of high-intensity knee extension NMES strength training sessions for 12 wk in both quadriceps muscles. Quadriceps femoris (QF) knee extensor torque was measured on a dynamometer, and cross-sectional area (CSAQF) was measured with extended field-of-view ultrasonography. Venous blood samples were collected for blood lipid profiling and C-reactive protein analyses. The Spinal Cord Injury Spasticity Evaluation Tool was used to assess symptoms of spasticity, and the QoL index SCI version III was used for QoL measures.

Results
QF tetanic knee extensor torque increased on average by 35% (2%–92%), and CSAQF increased by 47% (14%–145%). A significant increase in the HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio (P < 0.001) and a mean significant improvement of 4.8% ± 2.3% (absolute value = 0.26) in the Spinal Cord Injury Spasticity Evaluation Tool score was observed, whereas QoL showed a near-significant improvement in the health and functioning domain (15.0 ± 4.2 and 17.3 ± 5.1; P = 0.07).

Conclusions
High-intensity NMES strength training in people with SCI may improve muscle strength, mass, physical health, and QoL. However, replication of these results is necessary before clinical implementation.
Can faithfulness to the original text betray the target public? The adaptations of Mononokehime (Princess Mononoke) in Italy
Authors: Pizzuto Daniela 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Over the past few years audio-visual translation in ‘dubbing countries’ has been experiencing a significant shift from the traditional domesticating approach to a foreignizing approach that focuses more on faithfulness towards the source text rather than to the target readership. The Italian rendition of anime is a case in point: while appreciated by an increasing number of viewers, both serial and stand-alone anime, have either suffered a limited distribution or a highly homogenizing adaptation, in many cases through the employment of English as vehicular language. The first Italian dubbed version of the popular Studio Ghibli masterpiece Mononokehime (Princess Mononoke) (Miyazaki, 1996) is a clear example of the latter. The version distributed by Buena Vista International in 2000 as Princess Mononoke was adapted from the North American version, which included radical modifications aimed at providing a context with which the spectators would be more familiar. A second version, distributed by Lucky Red in 2014 under the title Principessa Mononoke, was re-adapted from the original Japanese script in order to improve fidelity to the original and was re-dubbed with a new voice cast. However, numerous viewers have criticized the unintelligibility of most of the dialogue. This article analyses the differences between the two versions and investigates whether the visibility of the translator can be seen as an obstacle for the understanding and enjoyment of films for the target viewership.
Bridge builders, world makers: Transcultural Studio Ghibli fan crafting
Authors: Rendell James 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Whilst global hits such as Pokémon utilized what Marc Steinberg calls anime’s media mix, implementing a multiple-platform narrative world in an attempt to synergize/converge a franchise, what are we to do when one finds a dearth of official merchandise available to transnational audiences? What are the reasons or politics for such a decision that seems to run counter to a long sociocultural history of such media ecology? Equally as important, what do fans do when their championed fan objects offer a relatively restricted media palette? This article looks at how Studio Ghibli has, to a degree, negotiated and/or rejected the traditional ‘anime media mix’. This is not to say that Ghibli is void of media mixing; rather, via online communities, one has seen a growing presence of fan-crafts whereby audiences are making their own Ghibli objects. In doing so, these transcultural fan-made Ghibli objects extend fan ideologies linked to the studio, expanding on what Susan Napier terms ‘MiyazakiWorld’ (2006: 49, 2007: 193). Much like Miyazaki’s philosophy, this is not entirely rejecting industry, but offering creative alternatives. The fan-as-producer of Ghibli objects is doing so through convivial construction. Thus, this article offers new insights into global audience practices and affective meaning-making around Ghibli that goes beyond the films themselves.
Fomento ao Empreendedorismo para Deficientes no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Ramos Marco Antônio , Krakauer Patricia Viveiros de Castro 
Published: April 2018

O país passa por um momento de desigualdade social e altos índices de desemprego, no O país passa por um momento de desigualdade social e altos índices de desemprego. Assim, começar um novo negócio passou a ser uma opção para muitas pessoas. Contudo, ainda são poucas as iniciativas voltadas ao fomento do empreendedorismo entre portadores de deficiência, a despeito do número elevado de pessoas com essa condição no país. Desta forma, o presente estudo buscou respostas para entender como as instituições de fomento podem estimular pessoas com deficiência a empreenderem, tendo como objetivo propor diretrizes para estimular o empreendedorismo entre pessoas com deficiência no Estado de São Paulo. Tal proposta teve como base dados secundários e primários. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados primários foi realizada através de entrevistas com representantes de instituições de fomento ao empreendedorismo e pessoas com deficiência que pretendem empreender. Os principais resultados obtidos com a análise da narrativa mostraram a importância de se criar ações para pessoas com deficiência, apresentando vantagens e desvantagens em se ter um programa específico para esse fim. O estudo contribuiu para um melhor entendimento sobre as ações que são oferecidas para fomentar o empreendedorismo para as pessoas com deficiência e também ao propor diretrizes que possam auxiliar nesse processo, almejando que o empreendedorismo possa ser uma opção de inserção profissional para pessoas com deficiência. Acredita-se que tais diretrizes possam ser aplicadas em programas de instituições que tenham como objetivo fomentar o empreendedorismo, voltando esforços também para o grupo de pessoas com deficiência.
Parietal-Occipital Interactions Underlying Control- and Representation-Related Processes in Working Memory for Nonspatial Visual Features
Authors: Gosseries Olivia , Yu Qing , LaRocque Joshua J. , Starrett Michael J. , Rose Nathan S. , Cowan Nelson , Postle Bradley R. 
Published: April 2018

Although the manipulation of load is popular in visual working memory research, many studies confound general attentional demands with context binding by drawing memoranda from the same stimulus category. In this fMRI study of human observers (both sexes), we created high- versus low-binding conditions, while holding load constant, by comparing trials requiring memory for the direction of motion of one random dot kinematogram (RDK; 1M trials) versus for three RDKs (3M), or versus one RDK and two color patches (1M2C). Memory precision was highest for 1M trials and comparable for 3M and 1M2C trials. And although delay-period activity in occipital cortex did not differ between the three conditions, returning to baseline for all three, multivariate pattern analysis decoding of a remembered RDK from occipital cortex was also highest for 1M trials and comparable for 3M and 1M2C trials. Delay-period activity in intraparietal sulcus (IPS), although elevated for all three conditions, displayed more sensitivity to demands on context binding than to load per se. The 1M-to-3M increase in IPS signal predicted the 1M-to-3M declines in both behavioral and neural estimates of working memory precision. These effects strengthened along a caudal-to-rostral gradient, from IPS0 to IPS5. Context binding-independent load sensitivity was observed when analyses were lateralized and extended into PFC, with trend-level effects evident in left IPS and strong effects in left lateral PFC. These findings illustrate how visual working memory capacity limitations arise from multiple factors that each recruit dissociable brain systems.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual working memory capacity predicts performance on a wide array of cognitive and real-world outcomes. At least two theoretically distinct factors are proposed to influence visual working memory capacity limitations: an amodal attentional resource that must be shared across remembered items; and the demands on context binding. We unconfounded these two factors by varying load with items drawn from the same stimulus category (“high demands on context binding”) versus items drawn from different stimulus categories (“low demands on context binding”). The results provide evidence for the dissociability, and the neural bases, of these two theorized factors, and they specify that the functions of intraparietal sulcus may relate more strongly to the control of representations than to the general allocation of attention.
Electrical Stimulation in Hippocampus and Entorhinal Cortex Impairs Spatial and Temporal Memory
Authors: Goyal Abhinav , Miller Jonathan , Watrous Andrew J. , Lee Sang Ah , Coffey Tom , Sperling Michael R. , Sharan Ashwini , Worrell Gregory , Berry Brent , Lega Bradley , Jobst Barbara C. , Davis Kathryn A. , Inman Cory , Sheth Sameer A. , Wanda Paul A. , Ezzyat Youssef , Das Sandhitsu R. , Stein Joel , Gorniak Richard , Jacobs Joshua 
Published: April 2018

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is widely implicated in supporting episodic memory and navigation, but its precise functional role in organizing memory across time and space remains elusive. Here we examine the specific cognitive processes implemented by MTL structures (hippocampus and entorhinal cortex) to organize memory by using electrical brain stimulation, leveraging its ability to establish causal links between brain regions and features of behavior. We studied neurosurgical patients of both sexes who performed spatial-navigation and verbal-episodic memory tasks while brain stimulation was applied in various regions during learning. During the verbal memory task, stimulation in the MTL disrupted the temporal organization of encoded memories such that items learned with stimulation tended to be recalled in a more randomized order. During the spatial task, MTL stimulation impaired subjects' abilities to remember items located far away from boundaries. These stimulation effects were specific to the MTL. Our findings thus provide the first causal demonstration in humans of the specific memory processes that are performed by the MTL to encode when and where events occurred.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNumerous studies have implicated the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in encoding spatial and temporal memories, but they have not been able to causally demonstrate the nature of the cognitive processes by which this occurs in real-time. Electrical brain stimulation is able to demonstrate causal links between a brain region and a given function with high temporal precision. By examining behavior in a memory task as subjects received MTL stimulation, we provide the first causal evidence demonstrating the role of the MTL in organizing the spatial and temporal aspects of episodic memory.
Interações medicamentosas induzidas pelo aprazamento e os erros no preparo de antibacterianos
Authors: Pereira Francisco Gilberto Fernandes , Melo Geórgia Alcântara Alencar , Galindo Neto Nelson Miguel , Carvalho Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de , Néri Eugenié Desireé Rabelo , Caetano Joselany Áfio 
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: identificar as interações medicamentosas induzidas pelo aprazamento e os erros no preparo de antibacterianos administrados. Métodos: estudo observacional e transversal, realizado em clínicas médicas de hospital da rede sentinela. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da observação das prescrições e do preparo de 265 doses de antibacterianos com a utilização de um check-list. Resultados: prevaleceu a administração da Piperaciclina e Tazobactan, com 51 doses. O aprazamento de horário dos antibacterianos com outro medicamento ocorreu prevalentemente no período matutino, destacando-se interações com anticoagulantes injetáveis e entre antimicrobianos de classes diferentes, e se associou com a não disponibilização no setor de orientações impressas acerca dos cuidados com a administração do medicamento (p=0,003). O principal erro encontrado foi o de dose (32,5%). Conclusão: o aprazamento de antibacterianos em setor de clínica médica pode potencializar possíveis interações medicamentosas e os erros de dose são identificados na administração dos medicamentos.