bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epoxy-Pin External Skeletal Fixation for Management of Open Bone Fractures in Calves and Foals: A Review of 32 Cases
Authors: Aithal Hari , Kinjavdekar Prakash , Pawde Abhijit , Dubey Prasoon , Kumar Rohit , Tyagi Surbhi , Madhu Doddadasarahalli ,   Amarpal,   Malik-Mohammad-Shams-uz-Zama
Published: March 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate epoxy-pin external skeletal fixation technique for the treatment of open fractures in calves and foals.
Study Design Twenty-eight calves and four foals (weighing 45–105 kg) with fractures distal to the stifle or elbow made the subject for the retrospective study. The pins (2.0–3.0-mm Kirschner wires, crossed at 60–90°) were fixed at least at two locations in both proximal and distal bone fragments as per the case situation. The pins in the same plane were bent (∼2 cm from the skin) towards the fracture site or joint and were joined using an adhesive tape (additional pins used when required) to make a temporary scaffold of connecting bars or rings. Thoroughly mixed epoxy putty was applied along the pin scaffold (the epoxy columns were 20–25 mm diameter) and allowed to set for 45 to 60 minutes. All animals were evaluated based on various clinical and radiographic observations made at regular intervals.
Results The epoxy-pin fixation was easy to apply and provided stable fixation of bone as indicated by early weight bearing, and fracture healing within 45 to 60 days (17/32 cases). The functional recovery was good to very good in 14 animals and satisfactory in nine cases by 12 months after removal of the fixator.
Conclusions The multiplanar epoxy-pin external skeletal fixation provides stable fixation of unstable open fractures distal to the stifle or elbow joint; hence, it can be used to treat a variety of fractures in calves and foals weighing up to approximately 100 kg, especially open infected fractures of lower limb, which are difficult to treat by conventional techniques.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy for Treatment of Severe Attacks of Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Authors: Yetimakman Ayse Filiz , Kesici Selman , Tanyildiz Murat , Bayrakci Benan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSevere metabolic crises in children with inborn errors of metabolism can result in mortality or severe morbidities where continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) can be lifesaving. Clinical data, the pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) scores calculated in the first 24 hours, and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) scores calculated in the last 24 hours before CRRT, were studied. Overall, CRRT was successful in restoring metabolic balance in 72% of patients. PELOD scores before CRRT were lower in survivors (p = 0.02). Despite numerous comorbid factors, CRRT can be used effectively in management of metabolic crises. Early intervention with this therapy before occurrence of complications must be targeted.
Kinetic Inductance Detectors and readout electronics for the OLIMPO experiment
Authors: Paiella A , Battistelli E S , Castellano M G , Colantoni I , Columbro F , Coppolecchia A , D’Alessandro G , de Bernardis P , Gordon S , Lamagna L , Mani H , Masi S , Mauskopf P , Pettinari G , Piacentini F , Presta G 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) are superconductive low–temperature detectors useful for astrophysics and particle physics. We have developed arrays of lumped elements KIDs (LEKIDs) sensitive to microwave photons, optimized for the four horn–coupled focal planes of the OLIMPO balloon–borne telescope, working in the spectral bands centered at 150 GHz, 250 GHz, 350 GHz, and 460 GHz. This is aimed at measuring the spectrum of the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect for a number of galaxy clusters, and will validate LEKIDs technology in a space–like environment. Our detectors are optimized for an intermediate background level, due to the presence of residual atmosphere and room–temperature optical system and they operate at a temperature of 0.3 K. The LEKID planar superconducting circuits are designed to resonate between 100 and 600 MHz, and to match the impedance of the feeding waveguides; the measured quality factors of the resonators are in the 104 – 105 range, and they have been tuned to obtain the needed dynamic range. The readout electronics is composed of a cold part, which includes a low noise amplifier, a dc–block, coaxial cables, and power attenuators; and a room–temperature part, FPGA–based, including up and down-conversion microwave components (IQ modulator, IQ demodulator, amplifiers, bias tees, attenuators). In this contribution, we describe the optimization, fabrication, characterization and validation of the OLIMPO detector system.
Anomalous origin of the coronary artery coursing between the great vessels presenting with a cardiovascular event (J-CONOMALY Registry)
Authors: Nagashima Koichi , Hiro Takafumi , Fukamachi Daisuke , Okumura Yasuo , Watanabe Ichiro , Hirayama Atsushi , Tanaka Masashi , Tanaka Tomofumi , Takamisawa Itaru , Taguchi Isao , Sato Akira , Aonuma Kazutaka , Fukamizu Seiji , Nakada Akihiro , Watanabe Atsuyuki , Amioka Naofumi , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Matsumoto Naoya , Koizumi Junichi , Kumagai Kazuya , Naya Masanao , Higuchi Yoshiharu , Naito Yoshiro , Masuyama Tohru , Kawamura Mitsuharu , Tsunoda Ryusuke , Suzuki Susumu , Ishii Hideki , Murohara Toyoaki , Shimizu Takeshi , Takeishi Yasuchika , Shiina Kazuki , Yamashita Jun , Imamura Tomohiko , Sumitomo Naokata , Noguchi Teruo , Aso Toshihide , Furukawa Kojiro , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Okishige Kaoru , Sakata Kenji , Yamagishi Masakazu , Shimizu Shigeo , Ohno Masakazu , Sugano Teruyasu , Matsumura Koichiro , Matsumoto Kensuke , Ozaki Kazuyuki , Hayashidani Shunji , Meno Hiroshi , Iwata Atsushi , Higuma Takumi , Tomita Hirofumi , Yoshino Hideaki , Taniai Seiichi , Shishido Koki , Murakami Masato , Negishi Koji , Nii Masaki , Wakatsuki Daisuke , Suzuki Hiroshi , Motoike Yuji , Ozaki Yukio , Nakazato Jun , Hayashi Hidemori , Higuchi Satoshi , Shoda Morio 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
Anomalous origin of the coronary artery (AOCA) with an inter-arterial course (IAC) between the great vessels poses a risk for a life-threatening cardiovascular event. We assessed, in a registry-based study, the clinical features, treatment strategies, and prognoses of life-threatening cardiovascular events ensuant to AOCA.

Methods and results
Included were 65 AOCA patients (48 men/17 women, aged 41 ± 23 years) from 40 clinical centres who had experienced sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) (n = 30), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n = 5), angina (n = 23), or syncope (n = 7). The anomalous vessel was the right coronary artery in 72% of patients and left coronary artery in 28%; the ostium was slit-like in 42%. Coronary luminal narrowing ≥75% was absent in patients with SCA or syncope (86% and 57%, respectively), but occlusion or narrowing was seen in those with AMI (100%) or angina (52%). Age ≤40 years, male sex, sporting activity, absence of prodromal symptoms, acutely angled (≤30°) take-off from the aorta, and absence of luminal narrowing of the IAC segment were associated with SCA in this patient group. Coronary vasospasm was inducible in 12 of 17 patients without coronary narrowing. Management included surgical revascularization (n = 26) percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 9), and medical treatment (n = 26). Four SCA patients died while hospitalized; no others died during the median 5.0 (range, 1.8–7.0)-year follow-up period.

Conclusions
In patients with AOCA, age ≤40 years, male sex, sporting activity, and an acute take-off angle appear to be risk factors for SCA. Appropriate management can be beneficial. Confirmation in a large-scale study is warranted.
Short-term Migration, Rural Public Works, and Urban Labor Markets: Evidence from India
Authors: Imbert Clément , Papp John 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper studies the effect of India's rural public works program on rural-to-urban migration and urban labor markets. We find that seasonal migration from rural districts that implemented the program decreased relative to those that were selected to, but did not implement it. We use a gravity model and find that real wages rose faster in cities with higher predicted migration from program districts. Since most seasonal migrants work outside of their district, urban wage increases were not limited to program districts, and may have attracted migrants from nonprogram districts. Difference-in-differences may hence be biased. Structural estimates indeed suggest that migration decreased by 22% in program districts, but also increased by 5% in nonprogram districts. As a result, urban wages increased by only 0.5%, against 4.1% if the program had been implemented in all selected districts.
Multicenter Validation of the Survival After Acute Civilian Penetrating Brain Injuries (SPIN) Score
Authors: Mikati Abdul Ghani , Flahive Julie , Khan Muhammad W , Vedantam Aditya , Gopinath Shankar , Nordness Mina F , Robertson Claudia , Patel Mayur B , Sheth Kevin N , Muehlschlegel Susanne 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Civilian penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a serious public health problem in the United States, but predictors of outcome remain largely understudied. We previously developed the Survival After Acute Civilian Penetrating Brain Injuries (SPIN) score, a logistic, regression-based risk stratification scale for estimating in-hospital and 6-mo survival after civilian pTBI with excellent discrimination (area under the receiver operating curve [AUC-ROC = 0.96]) and calibration, but it has not been validated.

OBJECTIVE
To validate the SPIN score in a multicenter cohort.

METHODS
We identified pTBI patients from 3 United States level-1 trauma centers. The SPIN score variables (motor Glasgow Coma Scale [mGCS], sex, admission pupillary reactivity, self-inflicted pTBI, transfer status, injury severity score, and admission international normalized ratio [INR]) were retrospectively collected from local trauma registries and chart review. Using the original SPIN score multivariable logistic regression model, AUC-ROC analysis and Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit testing were performed to determine discrimination and calibration.

RESULTS
Of 362 pTBI patients available for analysis, 105 patients were lacking INR, leaving 257 patients for the full SPIN model validation. Discrimination (AUC-ROC = 0.88) and calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit, P value = .58) were excellent. In a post hoc sensitivity analysis, we removed INR from the SPIN model to include all 362 patients (SPINNo-INR), still resulting in very good discrimination (AUC-ROC = 0.82), but reduced calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit, P value = .04).

CONCLUSION
This multicenter pTBI study confirmed that the full SPIN score predicts survival after civilian pTBI with excellent discrimination and calibration. Admission INR significantly adds to the prediction model discrimination and should be routinely measured in pTBI patients.
Long-term Antibody Persistence After Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Vaccination in Dongtai, China
Authors: Kmush Brittany L , Yu Huan , Huang Shoujie , Zhang Xuefeng , Wu Ting , Nelson Kenrad E , Labrique Alain B 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is of global significance. HEV is a common cause of acute hepatitis in China. One of the major unanswered questions about HEV is the persistence of antibodies after infection and vaccination.MethodsWe examined antibody persistence 6.5 years after HEV exposures through natural infection and vaccination. Ninety-seven vaccine recipients and 70 individuals asymptomatically infected with HEV enrolled in the phase III HEV239 vaccine trial in Dongtai, China, were revisited.ResultsAntibody loss was 23.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.1%–30.5%), with a nonsignificantly higher percentage of loss among those naturally infected (30.0%; 95% CI, 19.6%–42.1%) than those vaccinated (18.6%; 95% CI, 11.4%–27.7%; P = .085). Age and gender were not associated with antibody persistence. Only 2 people (1.2%) self-reported medically diagnosed jaundice or hepatitis-like illness in the last 10 years, both of whom had persistent antibodies. Contact with a jaundice patient and injectable contraceptive use were marginally associated with loss of detectable anti-HEV antibodies (P = .047 and .082, respectively), whereas transfusion was marginally associated with antibody persistence (P = .075).ConclusionsAntibody loss was more common among those naturally infected compared with those vaccinated. However, none of the characteristics examined were strongly associated with antibody loss, suggesting that factors not yet identified may play a more important role in antibody loss. Long-term postvaccination antibody persistence is currently unknown and will be an important consideration in the development of policies for the use of the highly efficacious HEV vaccine.ClinicalTrials.gov registration.  NCT01014845.
Spontaneous very preterm birth in relation to social class, and smoking: a temporal-spatial analysis of routinely collected data in Aberdeen, Scotland (1985–2010)
Authors: McCall Stephen J , Green David R , Macfarlane Gary J , Bhattacharya Sohinee 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
To examine trends of spontaneous very preterm birth (vPTB) and its relationship with maternal socioeconomic status and smoking.

Methods
This was a population-based cohort study in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, UK. The cohort was restricted to spontaneous singleton deliveries occurring in Aberdeen from 1985 to 2010. The primary outcome was very preterm birth which was defined as &lt;32 weeks gestation and the comparison group was deliveries ≥37 weeks of gestation. The main exposures were parental Social Class based on Occupation, Carstairs’ deprivation index and smoking during pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between vPTB and the exposures.

Results
There was an increased likelihood of vPTB in those with unskilled-occupations compared to professional-occupations [aOR:2.77 (95%CI:1.54–4.99)], in those who lived in the most deprived areas compared to those in the most affluent [aOR: 2.16 (95% CI: 1.27–3.67)] and in women who smoked compared to those who did not [aOR: 1.74 (95% CI: 1.36-2.21)]. The association with Carstairs index was no longer statistically significant when restricted to smokers but remained significant when restricted to non-smokers.

Conclusion
The strongest risk factor for vPTB was maternal smoking while socioeconomic deprivation showed a strong association in non-smokers. Smoking cessation interventions may reduce vPTB. Modifiable risk factors should be explored in deprived areas.
LUMBAR SPINE RADIOGRAPHY: LOWER ORGAN DOSE WITH THE USE OF PA PROJECTION
Authors: Alukić Erna , Mekiš Nejc 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of the posteroanterior (PA) patient position in lumbar spine imaging on effective dose and the absorbed organ dose. The study was performed on 100 patients that were referred to the lumbar spine radiography that were divided into two equal groups of 50. Body Mass Index, Dose Area Product (DAP), exposure index (EXI), tube time-current (mAs), image field size and the source-patient distance were acquired for each patient. The entrance surface dose (ESD), the effective dose and the absorbed organ doses were calculated. There was no statistically significant difference in the BMI and EXI between the AP and PA projection. The results showed a significant reduction of ESD by 33% and the effective dose by 53% when the PA projection was used. Furthermore, there was a 64% average reduction of the absorbed organ doses to the selected organs.
How to evaluate innovation strategies with a transformative ambition? A proposal for a structured, process-based approach
Authors: Kroll Henning 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn recent years, policymakers have increased their ambitions to shape the development of national and regional innovation systems. More often than was, innovation strategies now come with the ambition to support economic transformation and societal change in a way that requires the rearrangement of existing policy mixes. With a view to policy assessment, these developments raise new, so far untackled challenges. Against this background, this article illustrates that standard approaches to programme evaluation must be unfit to assess overarching strategies. It finds that this is not only a function of their complexity but also of the open-ended nature of processes required to translate strategic ambitions into concrete actions. To better grasp those, it puts forward a novel heuristic to structure our understanding of the discursive process preceding the definition of tangible policy measures at three levels: strategy agenda setting, thematic orientation, and instrumentation. Subsequently, it demonstrates how this approach helps localize and clarify instances of failure for later assessment. Based on a detailed case study, it underlines that efforts to ensure the consequential translation of ambitions into corresponding measures will lead to better results than the futile attempt to keep the resulting policy mixes free of any formal inconsistencies.
Perioperative management of immunosuppression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: George Michael D. , Baker Joshua F. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at increased risk of infection after surgery. Recent literature has provided more data and updated guidelines to guide the management of immunosuppression in the perioperative period.

Recent findings
Studies over the past few years have confirmed that patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at increased risk of infection after surgery. Patients treated with biologics are at greater risk of postoperative infection, but this risk might be explained by the comorbidities and greater disease severity often seen in these patients. Recent observational studies have suggested that interruption of biologic therapies before surgery may not be associated with better outcomes. Glucocorticoids, however, have consistently been found to be risk factors for infection. Recent guidelines from the American College of Rheumatology/American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons recommend continuing conventional disease-modifying drugs and holding biologics for one dosing interval before surgery.

Summary
Prolonged interruption of conventional and biologic therapies before surgery does not appear to substantially reduce infection risk. Guidelines now recommend continuing conventional DMARDs and holding biologics for just one dosing interval before surgery. Glucocorticoids are strongly associated with the risk of postoperative infection and should be minimized before surgery.
Socioeconomic Position and Health Outcomes Following Critical Illness: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jones Jennifer R. A. , Berney Sue , Connolly Bronwen , Waterland Jamie L. , Denehy Linda , Griffith David M. , Puthucheary Zudin A. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
Systematically review evidence examining association between preadmission socioeconomic position and physical function, health-related quality of life and survival following critical illness.

Data Sources:
Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL) and personal libraries were searched. Reference lists of eligible articles were cross-checked.

Study Selection:
Primary quantitative studies reporting association between socioeconomic position and physical function, health-related quality of life, or survival of adults admitted to the ICU were included.

Data Extraction:
Performed by two reviewers independently in duplicate using a prepiloted data extraction form. Quality appraisal was completed by two reviewers independently in duplicate using standardized algorithms and checklists. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines were followed.

Data Synthesis:
From 1,799 records, 10 studies were included, one examining association of socioeconomic position with health-related quality of life and five with survival. Four studies accounted for socioeconomic position in survival analyses. Patients with lower socioeconomic position were found to have higher ICU, in-hospital, 30-day, and long-term mortality and lower 6-month Short Form-12 Mental Component Summary scores. No articles examined socioeconomic position and performance-based physical function. Notable variability in methods of socioeconomic position assessment was observed.

Conclusions:
Lower socioeconomic position is associated with higher mortality and lower 6-month Short Form-12 Mental Component Summary scores following critical illness. Effect on performance-based physical function is unknown. We make recommendations for consistent socioeconomic position measurement in future ICU studies.
Spindle Cell Predominant Trichodiscoma or Spindle Cell Lipoma With Adnexal Induction? A Study of 25 Cases, Revealing a Subset of Cases With RB1 Heterozygous Deletion in the Spindle Cell Stroma
Authors: Michalova Kvetoslava , Kutzner Heinz , Steiner Petr , Hadravsky Ladislav , Michal Michael , Michal Michal , Kazakov Dmitry V. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:
In our routine and consultative pathology practices, we have noticed that a relatively high proportion of spindle cell predominant trichodiscomas demonstrate a remarkable stromal admixture of adipose tissue, which along with spindle cells, prominent collagen bundles and myxoid change closely resembles spindle cell lipoma (SCL). To clarify their possible relationship to SCL, 25 cases of trichodiscoma and fibrofolliculoma with stromal “lipomatous metaplasia” were collected and examined using immunohistochemical stains [CD34 and retinoblastoma-1 (RB1) protein] and fluorescence in situ hybridization (RB1 deletion). The patients ranged in age from 35 to 81 years (median 64 years). The male to female ratio was almost equal (14:11). All tumors with a known location were situated on the face with a special predilection for the nose. All cases were sporadic, with all patients having a single lesion and showing no clinical features of Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome. No case with available follow-up presented with a recurrence or an otherwise aggressive clinical course. Spindle cell stroma was immunohistochemically positive for CD34 in 16 of 20 cases, and 18 of 19 cases showed loss of RB1 staining in lesional spindle cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis detected RB1 gene heterozygous deletion in 6 of 20 cases. We conclude that despite the SCL-like appearance of the investigated cases, the majority of them supposedly represent genuine spindle cell predominant trichodiscomas with adipose tissue admixture. However, there was a subset of histopathologically indistinguishable cases with proved RB1 deletion, which likely represent SCL with trichodiscoma/fibrofolliculoma-like epithelial/adnexal induction rather than spindle cell predominant variant of trichodiscoma.