bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for Thyroid Dysfunction in 1st Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Ramji Bharath , Karthikeyan Kavitha , Swaminathan Prabha , Nalini Amrita Priscilla , Thatheus Annie 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
This study was done to find the prevalence of newly diagnosed thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy in patients attending the antenatal clinic and to emphasize the need for routine screening for thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. Free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured and cut-off levels set at FT4 0.86—1.86 ng/dl, TSH 0.1—2.5 mIU/l in 1st trimester, TSH 0.1—3 mIU/l in 2nd and 3rd trimesters. A total of 956 pregnant women were screened in 1st trimester after excluding patients with known thyroid dysfunction. About 13.2% were diagnosed as hypothyroid and 1.6% as hyperthyroid. Incidence in high-risk patients was 21.7% and in low-risk was 10.4%. High-risk factors have a strong association for hypothyroidism (p < 0.001). Screening only high-risk patients will miss a significant number of patients seen positive in the low-risk group. Hence, it is essential to do routine screening for thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy.

How to cite this article
Karthikeyan K, Swaminatan P, Nalini AP, Ramji B, Thatheus A. Screening for Thyroid Dysfunction in 1st Trimester of Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):154-156.
Excessive Early Pregnancy Weight Gain and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Vasantha K , Menon Maya 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To study the association between excessive early pregnancy weight gain and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials and methods
Study design-prospective observational study done at ESIC Medical College & PGIMSR, Chennai during the period November 2013 to May 2015. A total of 250 women who attended antenatal outpatient department at ESI Hospital Chennai were recruited for the study. Height and weight of the pregnant women was recorded during their first visit (up to 6 weeks) and at 14 weeks of gestation. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to Quetelet index. Waist hip ratio was measured at 6 weeks. The early gestation weight gain more than 2 kg was considered as excessive weight gain and was associated to the risk of developing GDM. Blood sugar was estimated using Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group Index (DIPSI) standards.

Results
Of the 250 women studied, 104 women developed GDM. Excessive weight gain in the 1st trimester of pregnancy was significantly associated with the development of GDM with a p-value of 0.000. The other risk factors studied were BMI (p = 0.0064), waist/hip ratio (p = 0.0015), family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.00), which also had a significant association.

Clinical significance
This study shows that excessive weight gain in 1st trimester had an increased risk of GDM. The benefit of early identification of excess gestational weight gain would be the opportunity for intervention early in pregnancy to ideally decrease GDM.

Conclusion
Excessive early pregnancy weight gain, primarily in the 1st trimester may increase the risk of developing GDM. Thus, preventing excessive early pregnancy weight gain in the 1st trimester can be modified by lifestyle changes and simple exercise, which is a costless intervention, and can also decrease maternal and neonatal morbidity effectively.

How to cite this article
Menon M, Vasantha K. Excessive Early Pregnancy Weight Gain and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):189-192.
Clinical Study on Risk Factors of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Reproductive Age Group and Study of Abdominal Sling Surgeries done for It, with respect to Early Complications, Anatomical Results, and Symptoms of Descent
Authors: Lakshmidevi M , Sheela HS 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The purpose of a conservative procedure is the correction and restoration of the prolapse with the most effective long-lasting result, which allows sexual functioning and, for young patients, conservation of reproduction.

Objectives
To study the risk factors for prolapse in reproductive age group; to study various conservative surgeries done for pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Materials and methods
This is a retrospective study conducted on patients presenting with pelvic organ prolapse in reproductive age group, at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, from June 2008 to June 2014.

Results
We identified 68 women with uterovaginal prolapse in reproductive age group who underwent conservative surgeries: 26 (18%) underwent Virkud's surgery, 20 (29.4%) underwent Shirodkar's sling surgery, and 22 (32.3%) underwent Purandare's sling surgery.
There was no major difference in intraoperative and postoperative details in all three surgeries. Postoperative improvement in symptoms was 16 (80%) in Shirodkar's group, 20 (90%) in Virkud's composite sling surgery, and 16 (61.5%) in anterior abdominal wall cervicopexy surgery.

Conclusion
Obstetric risk factors are the major contributing factors for pelvic organ prolapse in the reproductive age group. Proper intranatal care will help in reducing the problem; all the conservative surgeries have similar intraoperative, postoperative morbidity and are similar with respect to early anatomical correction. Urinary tract infection and urinary retention were more in anterior abdominal wall hysteropexy group; Patient's satisfaction and success rate is more in Sacropexy and Virkud's composite surgery group compared to anterior abdominal wall hysteropexy group.

How to cite this article
Lakshmidevi M, Venkatesh S, Sheela HS. Clinical Study on Risk Factors of Pelvic Organ Prola in Reproductive Age Group and Study of Abdominal Sling Surgeries done for It, with respect to Early Complications, Anatomical Results, and Symptoms of Descent. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):202-206.
A New Way of Evaluating Cesarean Section Birth: The Robson's Ten Group Classification System
Authors: Bhati Indra , Jha Akriti , Agarwal Nishu 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cesarean section (CS) is the most common obstetric surgery and one of the most rewarding surgeries performed. The number of CSs has been growing rapidly, and concern has been expressed at the growing rate in some countries, with some referring to it as an emerging “global epidemic.”

Aim
The purpose of this study was to study the incidence and analyze different indications of CS in our institution and to compare the frequency of CS in Robson's ten group classification system (TGCS).

Materials and methods
A prospective hospital-based study for a duration of 3 months (January 2012 to March 2012) was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umaid Hospital, Jodhpur. All patients admitted beyond 20 weeks gestation were included in the study, and record of all births during this period was evaluated. Each delivery was then classified into one of ten mutually exclusive categories according to obstetric characteristics. The information was used to identify the group that accounted for largest proportion of women or group that contributed most to CS and identify the areas for potential modification.

Results
We found cesarean rate of 28.6% during our study period, which is well above the World Health Organization guidelines. Group V (single, term, cephalic, previous CS) was the largest contributor to CS rates (30.4%). Groups I and II were the 2nd and 3rd largest contributors, i.e., 27.5 and 17.5% respectively. Maximum CS rate of 100% was found in group IX (abnormal lie), which was within the expected range. Group 2 had CS rate more than that of group I, and IV had a rate more than that of group I, which indicates that induction and cesarean before labor increases cesarean rate in both multiparous and nulliparous women. In our study, Robson's TGCS demonstrated the need to focus on groups I, II, III, and V because the contribution of these groups to overall cesarean rate was 82%.

Clinical significance
Ten group classification system was found to be a useful framework for auditing and analyzing different CS rates and their reasons. This will help in not only identifying the priority areas for the changes in clinical practice but also reducing cesarean rate.

How to cite this article
Bhati I, Jha A, Agarwal N. A New Way of Evaluating Cesarean Section Birth: The Robson's Ten Group Classification System. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):212-216.
Zika Virus: The Current Threat
Authors: Garg Ruchika , Mahajan Priya , Dhiman Soniya 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Mosquito-borne infections and viral outbreaks have bewildered physicians and population at large from time to time. Zika virus and its vector Aedes aegypti are currently bothering the world population, and this infection has affected pregnant women causing microcephaly in their newborns and also has caused Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)-like manifestations in affected individuals. Currently, the outbreak is concentrated in the countries of South American continent, but the omnipresence of its vector has made the world community cautious about the potential of its spread; thus the great emphasis is on prevention and vector control strategies to counter Zika virus attack. Consequently, Ministry of Health, Government of India has also taken cognizance of this and issued guidelines to tackle this problem.

How to cite this article
Garg R, Singh R, Mahajan P, Dhiman S. Zika Virus: The Current Threat. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):217-221.
Maternal Outcome with Discontinuation of Magnesium Sulfate immediately Postpartum in Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Bano Imam , Gade Pramod R , Alvi Yasir 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of discontinuation of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) infusion in patients with severe preeclampsia immediately postdelivery.

Materials and methods
In a prospective-randomized study, women with severe preeclampsia attending the Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, India, between January 2013 and September 2014 were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were blood pressure of at least 160/110 mm Hg after 24 weeks and either of the following: Proteinuria (dipstick value. 1), platelet <100,000, and serum transaminase levels twice as normal. Participants were assigned to control and study groups according to the time of enrollment (6-month blocks). All patients received MgSO4 loading dose (4 gm intravenously), followed by maintenance doses (1 gm/hour) until delivery (study group) and 24 hours (control group). The primary outcome was occurrence of convulsions after completion of MgSO4 therapy. Patients with treatment failure were excluded from analyses.

Results
Analyses included 48 patients in the study group and 43 patients in the control group. No convulsions occurred in either group after the completion of treatment. Conclusion: For women with severe preeclampsia, discontinuing MgSO4 immediately after delivery could effectively prevent convulsions.

How to cite this article
Anjum S, Gade PR, Garg N, Bano I, Alvi Y. Maternal Outcome with Discontinuation of Magnesium Sulfate immediately Postpartum in Severe Preeclampsia. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):78-81.
Preoperative and Postoperative Postvoid Residual Urine Volume in Urogenital Prolapse: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shashikumar NS 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The objectives of the present study were to compare pre- and postoperative postvoid residual urine (PVR) volume, to know the correlation of PVR to urinary symptoms and prolapse, and also to assess the role of vaginal hysterectomy and anterior colporrhaphy in relieving urinary disturbances.

Materials and methods
The study was done at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G. Nagara, Mandya, India, from November 2010 to May 2012. In this study, 100 women with pelvic organ prolapse were included. Detailed history was noted, and thorough examination was done. Ultrasound measurements of PVR urine volume was done to all cases preoperatively and on 5th postoperative day. All cases underwent vaginal hysterectomy and anterior colporrhaphy. The PVR urine volume >50 mL was considered significant.

Results
Patients belonged to the age group of 30 to 75 years. Majority were in the age group of 50 to 59 years. Out of 100 cases, 42 had preoperative PVR volume >50 mL and 58 cases <50 mL. Out of 100 cases, 58 had third-degree descent, 21 had second-degree descent, and 21 had procidentia according to Shaw's classification. Urinary symptoms like incomplete emptying (57 cases), straining to void (52 cases), poor stream (34 cases), need to reduce prolapse before voiding (32 cases), hesitancy (25 cases), and intermittent stream (11 cases) were associated with prolapse. Stress incontinence and urge incontinence were present in 28 and 46 cases respectively. Urinary disturbances were associated with majority of the cases who had PVR > 50 mL. Postoperatively, 9 cases had PVR volume > 50 mL. Out of those, 8 cases developed stress urinary incontinence (SUI) during follow-up. One case was lost to follow-up.

Conclusion
Urinary disturbances are more commonly seen in genital organ prolapse. Raised PVR was significantly associated with increased degrees of prolapse as well as urinary disturbances. The SUI increases with increasing PVR volume. Vaginal hysterectomy and anterior colporrhaphy were effective procedures in reducing elevated PVR and urinary disturbances in prolapse patients. There is a need for long-term follow-up for these cases.

How to cite this article
Shashikumar NS, Dutta I. Preoperative and Postoperative Postvoid Residual Urine Volume in Urogenital Prolapse: A Comparative Study. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):86-88.
Successful Pregnancy Outcome in a Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Basava Leelavathi , Triveni K , Sree G Sindhu 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease most frequently found in women of childbearing age and may coexist with pregnancy. Disease exacerbation, increased fetal loss, neonatal lupus, and an increased incidence of preeclampsia are the major challenges. Its multisystem involvement and therapeutic interventions like anticoagulants, steroids, and immunosuppressive agents pose a high risk for both the mother and the fetus during the antenatal period as well as postpartum. Good multidisciplinary medical care is mandatory when detection or flare-up of SLE occurs during pregnancy.
We describe the successful management of an antinuclear antibody, antiribonucleoprotein antibody, and anti-Sjogren's syndrome A (Ro) antibody positive parturient with bad obstetric history who underwent elective cesarean section and delivered a healthy child.

How to cite this article
Basava L, Roy P, Triveni K, Sree GS. Successful Pregnancy Outcome in a Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2): 128-130.
Neck
Authors: Berceanu Costin 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTCystic hygroma (CH) is the most frequently seen fetal neck mass on the first-trimester ultrasound (US). Overall prognosis is poor with a high association with chromosomal and structural anomalies. When diagnosed prenatally, fetal karyotyping and detailed US evaluation should be offered. Prenatal and postnatal surgical or nonsurgical treatment options are available. Fetal goiter (FG) and fetal thyroid masses are rare fetal conditions and may occur as part of a hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, or euthyroid state. Screening for FGs should be carried out in pregnancies of mothers with thyroid disease. If a FG is detected, a detailed US examination should be performed. Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is characterized by bilaterally enlarged lungs, flat or inverted diaphragms, dilated tracheobronchial tree, and massive ascites. It is usually a lethal abnormality. Fetuses with suspected CHAOS should be referred to a fetal medicine center able to perform ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) delivery. Neck teratomas are associated with high mortality rates. Prenatal US diagnosis of cervical teratoma can be made at 15 and 16 weeks of gestation. Planning of delivery in a tertiary center allows the performance of EXIT. Lymphangioma of the neck usually diagnosed in late pregnancy could be traditionally referred to as CH, but there is a different prenatal history and outcome.How to cite this articleVladareanu R, Vladareanu S, Berceanu C. Neck. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3): 256-270.
Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis of Fetal Urogenital Anomalies
Authors: Tikvica Luetic Ana 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Congenital urogenital anomalies constitute approximately 20 to 30% of all malformations identified in the antenatal period. Since fetal urogenital malformations are a significant cause of neonatal and child morbidity and mortality, the necessity of providing the correct diagnosis for the parents and professionals involved in the management should be of great priority.
Here, we present a review of the most common fetal urogenital malformations with special consideration of ultrasound features and addition of our ultrasound assessments.

How to cite this article
Luetic AT, Kurjak A. Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis of Fetal Urogenital Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):301-307.
Fetal Hypothyroidism
Authors: Cosp Miguel Ruoti , Gruhn Ernesto , Ontano Monica , Calabrese Enrique , Mendoza Lindolfo 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
This case report illustrates the prenatal diagnosis of fetal hypothyroidism in a nulliparous 31-year-old woman with a history of four previous cesarean sections. She was presented with chronic renal failure of unknown etiology and had been on dialysis for 3 years along with a subclinical hypothyroidism. At 21.4 weeks of gestation, color Doppler revealed a fetus with symmetrical solid mass in the anterior cervical region with little vascularization compatible with fetal goiter. Aminotic fluid was also increased for gestational age. At 25 weeks of gestation, due to maternal respiratory distress, an amniodrainage was performed. From the same sample, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was determined yielding 1.3 mIU/mL and 0.1 ng/dL for free T4. At 27 weeks of gestation, membrane rupture occurred. Chorioamniotis was suspected and cesarean section was performed extracting a live 1060 gm female newborn. The newborn was 29 weeks of age by Capurro test and Apgar score was 7/08. On physical examination, a 2 to 3 cm symmetrical tumor was found in cervical region. Admitted to neonatal intensive care unit for mechanical respiratory support, four ampoules of T4 were given, achieving complete regression of thyroid gland size at 15 days of life. At 34 days of age, nosocomial infection, Klepsiella neumonie, was confirmed and death occurred at 40 days of life. Isolated fetal hypothyroidism is rare. Ultrasound evaluation allows the identification of compensatory growth of the thyroid, showing a hypoechoic solid image. In extreme cases, it may cause esophageal obstruction and polyhydramnios as well as cervical hyperextension and dystocia during labor.

How to cite this article
Ruoti Cosp M, Gruhn E, Ontano M, Calabrese E, Mendoza L. Fetal Hypothyroidism. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):326-329.
Surgically Correctable Congenital Fetal Anomalies: Ultrasound Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Zaputovic Sanja , Medić Nina 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTA great number of lifelong disabilities are due to congenital malformations. Evolution of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and improvement of surgical technique have enabled us to detect most of these malformations in utero early and accurately with a possibility of early surgical management in selected cases even in utero. Advances in pre-/perinatal management have enabled us to interfere and change the origin of the disease in order to optimize the best postsurgical outcome. Only a multidisciplinary team of specialists could provide such appropriate treatment.How to cite this articleZaputović S, Medić N. Surgically Correctable Congenital Fetal Anomalies: Ultrasound Diagnosis and Management. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):338-349.
Gender Distribution of Amalgam Restoration and Treatment Pattern in Regular Attendees of a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Olaleye AO 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Amalgam restoration has been the main procedure carried out over the last two centuries in spite of going through 2 major wars by those opposed to amalgam; however, it has been known that several factors affect it from the stage of titration, packing and finishing of the material but studies on the effect of gender on the treatment and distribution pattern are very scarce.

Materials and methods
This is a 12 years cross-sectional longitudinal retrospective study of dental records of patients who had attended the Dental Centre of University College Hospital, Ibadan, a Teaching Hospital located in the South West of Nigeria, regularly for a minimum period of 5 years.

Results
A total of 2,094 restorations were found to meet the criteria with males accounting for 691 (33%) and females 1403 (67%). When distributed into classes of restoration, females had more class I, II and V restorations placed (69.8%, 62.7%, 63.6%) more than males (30.2%, 37.3%, 36.4%) respectively. Females also had more primary placements and replacement done for all the classes of restorations.

Conclusion
More female patients attended the conservative dentistry clinic regularly more than their male counterparts and more females had higher number of restorations placed, however, there is a reduced female:male ratio in the subgroup of class II amalgam restorations.
It was observed that the most frequent reason given in replacement of restorations was fractured amalgam restorations.

How to cite this article
Olaleye AO. Gender Distribution of Amalgam Restoration and Treatment Pattern in Regular Attendees of a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. World J Dent 2014; 5(2):109-112.