bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kidney symptom questionnaire: Development, content validation and relationship with quality of life
Authors: Brown Stephanie A. , Tyrer Freya , Clarke Amy L. , Lloyd‐Davies Laetitia H. , Niyi‐Odumosu Faatihah A. , Nah Ryan Guo Quan , Stein Andrew G. , Tarrant Carolyn , Smith Alice C. 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a range of symptoms, even at early stages. The importance of patient symptom experience is increasingly recognised, but validated symptom scores are lacking.ObjectivesThis study aimed to refine an existing symptom questionnaire for use with patients not requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT), carry out content validity testing and explore convergent validity by comparing symptom scores with quality of life (QoL).DesignA mixed‐methods approach involving questionnaires, semi‐structured interviews and a focus group.ParticipantsPatients with CKD not undergoing RRT and expert health professionals.ApproachTwo hundred and nineteen patients completed an existing symptom questionnaire. The most commonly reported symptoms were identified, and descriptions refined in 11 semi‐structured interviews. The questionnaire design was reviewed by a focus group. Content validity was established by a panel of expert health professionals. Seventy patients completed both the symptom questionnaire and a health‐related QoL questionnaire (EQ‐5D‐5L).ResultsThirteen common symptoms were identified. During the content validity phase, 13/16 experts responded (81%); 10/13 symptoms had ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ evaluation scores, and the content validity index of the whole questionnaire was 0.81, falling within the recommended threshold. Total symptom frequency scores, number of symptoms and the frequencies of 10/13 individual symptoms were all strongly associated with health‐related QoL (EQ‐5D‐5L index score; p < 0.002 for all).ConclusionThis work has provided a new, validated symptom score for patients with CKD not requiring RRT for clinical management and research purposes.
The impact of stress on sleep: Pathogenic sleep reactivity as a vulnerability to insomnia and circadian disorders
Authors: Kalmbach David A. , Anderson Jason R. , Drake Christopher L. 
Published: May 2018

SummarySleep reactivity is the trait‐like degree to which stress exposure disrupts sleep, resulting in difficulty falling and staying asleep. Individuals with highly reactive sleep systems experience drastic deterioration of sleep when stressed, whereas those with low sleep reactivity proceed largely unperturbed during stress. Research shows that genetics, familial history of insomnia, female gender and environmental stress influence how the sleep system responds to stress. Further work has identified neurobiological underpinnings for sleep reactivity involving disrupted cortical networks and dysregulation in the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. Sleep reactivity is most pathologically and clinically pertinent when in excess, such that high sleep reactivity predicts risk for future insomnia disorder, with early evidence suggesting high sleep reactivity corresponds to severe insomnia phenotypes (sleep onset insomnia and short sleep insomnia). High sleep reactivity is also linked to risk of shift‐work disorder, depression and anxiety. Importantly, stress‐related worry and rumination may exploit sensitive sleep systems, thereby augmenting the pathogenicity of sleep reactivity. With the development of cost‐effective assessment of sleep reactivity, we can now identify individuals at risk of future insomnia, shift‐work disorder and mental illness, thus identifying a target population for preventive intervention. Given that insomniacs with high sleep reactivity tend to present with severe insomnia phenotypes, patient sleep reactivity may inform triaging to different levels of treatment. Future research on sleep reactivity is needed to clarify its neurobiology, characterize its long‐term prospective associations with insomnia and shift‐work disorder phenotypes, and establish its prognostic value for mental illness and other non‐sleep disorders.
Miscarriage, Religious Participation, and Mental Health
Authors: Petts Richard J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractApproximately 15–20 percent of pregnancies result in miscarriage, yet pregnancy loss remains a socially taboo topic and one that has received limited attention in the literature. Utilizing nationally representative longitudinal data from the NLSY97, this study examines the influence of miscarriage on mental health and whether this relationship is moderated by religious participation. Results from this study suggest that miscarriage is associated with lower mental health among women who also experience a live birth. Results also suggest that religious participation moderates the relationship between miscarriage and mental health; religion is more likely to lead to increases in mental health among women who experience a miscarriage than among women who do not experience a miscarriage. Overall, evidence suggests that religion may be an important coping mechanism for women who deal with pregnancy loss.
Assignment of cytomegalovirus infection status in infants awaiting solid organ transplant: Viral detection methods as adjuncts to serology
Authors: Burton Catherine E. , Dragan Tatiana , Mabilangan Curtis A. , O’Brien Sheila F. , Fearon Margaret , Scalia Vito , Preiksaitis Jutta K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAssignment of CMV infection status in infants awaiting SOT is challenging as passive maternal antibody can lead to false‐positive serology. Since 2000, our protocol has recommended sending throat and urine samples for CMV viral detection, culture, or NAAT, for CMV‐seropositive infants <18 months awaiting SOT. We reviewed pretransplant CMV serology for 152 infants and, for CMV seropositives, examined relationships between CMV IgG OD values, age, and CMV viral detection to explore time to clearance of maternal CMV IgG and evaluate viral detection in assignment of pretransplant CMV infection status. The proportion of CMV‐seropositive infants decreased from 52% in infants 0‐6 months of age to 28% in those 12‐18 months. Among CMV‐seropositive infants, median OD was significantly higher in the 6‐ to 12‐ and 12‐ to 18‐month groups compared to the 0‐ to 6‐month group. Distribution of OD by age group suggested that maternal antibody cleared before 12 months. Of 59 eligible CMV‐seropositive infants, 49 (83%) had CMV viral detection studies and 18 of 49 (36.7%) had detectable CMV: 9 of 30 (30.0%) infants 0‐6 months, 7 of 15 (46.7%) infants 6‐12 months, and 2 of 4 (50.0%) infants 12‐18 months. CMV viral detection studies are useful to confirm positive CMV infection status in CMV‐seropositive infants awaiting SOT. Maternal CMV IgG likely clears before 12 months.
Using Classroom Observation Scores Instead of Test Scores as Criterion in the Estimation of Discrimination Index
Authors: Büyükturan Esin Bağcan , Şireci Ayşe 
Published: May 2018

Item discrimination index, which indicates the ability of the item to distinguish whether or not the individuals have acquired the qualities that are evaluated, is basically a validity measure and it is estimated by examining the fit between item score and the test score. Based on the definition of item discrimination index, classroom observation scores were used in this study instead of test scores as the indication of having the tested quality.In the framework of the study, a 25-item multiple-choice test prepared in the context of 8th grade Mathematics Unit "Multipliers and Multiples" was administered to a total of 109 8th graders (44 females, 65 males) studying in 4 separate classrooms of Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen Secondary School in Şanlıurfa Province. Furthermore, these students’ Mathematics teachers were asked to observe and score students during the unit and the obtained observation scores were used as external criterion in estimating the discrimination index. By using this criterion, fit values estimated with the help of upper and lower groups consisting of 27% from the extremes of the criterion score distribution and biserial correlation were compared with the traditional conditions where test scores were utilized. It was found that item discrimination indices based on classroom observations were higher than those based on test scores in both of the discrimination indices estimated via upper-lower 27% groups and biserial correlation. This finding was discussed to be related to the fact that while classroom observation scores were an external validity criterion, test scores were composed of items whose discrimination values were calculated. The finding also demonstrated that classroom observation scores were more rigid and eliminative than test scores in terms of discrimination.
Qualitative analysis of serious case reviews into unexpected infant deaths
Authors: Garstang Joanna J , Sidebotham Peter 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo develop a detailed understanding of the circumstances of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) cases subject to serious case review (SCR).DesignThis was a thematic analysis of SCRs relating to cases of SUDI in England. SCRs were obtained for SUDI cases dying between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2014. These were cases (aged 0–2 years) that presented as a SUDI and for which no clear medical or forensic cause of death was found.ResultsSCRs were held for 30 SUDI cases, published reports were available for 27/30. The median (range) age at death was 2 (0–19) months. Background risk factors in families included: alcohol or drug dependency in 18/27, parental mental health problems in 14/27, domestic abuse in 9/27 and parental criminal records in 13/27. Nineteen infants had received support from social care, 10/19 were subject to child protection plans. Neglect was a feature in 15/27 cases. Parents did not engage with professionals in 18/27 cases, involving social care in 14/18, health care in 13/18 and drug and substance misuse services in 5/18. Eighteen of 27 deaths occurred in highly hazardous sleep environments, 16/18 involved cosleeping and 13/16 cosleeping deaths occurred with parents who were intoxicated with alcohol or impaired by drugs.ConclusionMost SUDI cases occurred in hazardous sleep environments and are potentially preventable. They occurred in families well known to services with concerns about neglect, substance misuse and poor engagement. More consideration is needed on how best to support such vulnerable families.
Effect of Huaier granule on recurrence after curative resection of HCC: a multicentre, randomised clinical trial
Authors: Chen Qian , Shu Chang , Laurence Arian D , Chen Yan , Peng Bao-Gang , Zhen Zuo-Jun , Cai Jian-Qiang , Ding Yi-Tao , Li Le-Qun , Zhang Yu-Bao , Zheng Qi-Chang , Xu Ge-Liang , Li Bo , Zhou Wei-Ping , Cai Shou-Wang , Wang Xi-Yan , Wen Hao , Peng Xin-Yu , Zhang Xue-Wen , Dai Chao-Liu , Bie Ping , Xing Bao-Cai , Fu Zhi-Ren , Liu Lian-Xin , Mu Yi , Zhang Ling , Zhang Qi-Shun , Jiang Bin , Qian Hai-Xin , Wang Yi-Jun , Liu Jing-Feng , Qin Xi-Hu , Li Qiang , Yin Ping , Zhang Zhi-Wei , Chen Xiao-Ping 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThere is little evidence that adjuvant therapy after radical surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) improves recurrence-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS). We conducted a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase IV trial evaluating the benefit of an aqueous extract of Trametes robinophila Murr (Huaier granule) to address this unmet need.Design and resultsA total of 1044 patients were randomised in 2:1 ratio to receive either Huaier or no further treatment (controls) for a maximum of 96 weeks. The primary endpoint was RFS. Secondary endpoints included OS and tumour extrahepatic recurrence rate (ERR). The Huaier (n=686) and control groups (n=316) had a mean RFS of 75.5 weeks and 68.5 weeks, respectively (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.81). The difference in the RFS rate between Huaier and control groups was 62.39% and 49.05% (95% CI 6.74 to 19.94; p=0.0001); this led to an OS rate in the Huaier and control groups of 95.19% and 91.46%, respectively (95% CI 0.26 to 7.21; p=0.0207). The tumour ERR between Huaier and control groups was 8.60% and 13.61% (95% CI −12.59 to −2.50; p=0.0018), respectively.ConclusionsThis is the first nationwide multicentre study, involving 39 centres and 1044 patients, to prove the effectiveness of Huaier granule as adjuvant therapy for HCC after curative liver resection. It demonstrated a significant prolongation of RFS and reduced extrahepatic recurrence in Huaier group.Trial registrationNCT01770431; Post-results.
Impact of heating temperature and time on the morphology of synthetic zinc oxide nanowires
Authors: Zou Qiang , Mo Shentong , Dang Mengjiao , Wang Yanan , Fu Xing , Wang Hui , Tao Xue , Qin Guoxuan 
Published: May 2018

In this study, in order to obtain the optimal fabricating condition, the influences of heating temperature and time on the fabrication of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires are clarified. During this process, the synthesis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of ZnO nanostructures, produced by direct heating of metallic zinc, are presented. Besides, the SEM images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of products under different conditions are compared to analyze the surface morphology and composition of products. In the final observation, the best diameters of ZnO nanowires are achieved as 60–70 nm, which can be successfully applied as a substrate in Raman measurement. The optimal temperature is 450[Formula: see text]C, as well as the optimal time is 40–50 min.
First-principles study on the mechanism of lithium intercalation in cubic CoN
Authors: Wang Haibo , Song Xiaolan , Xu Yue , Yang Zhenhua 
Published: May 2018

Intercalation mechanism of Li into cubic Co4N4has been investigated by the first-principles calculations. Lattice constants, ratio of volume expansion, and formation energies of Li[Formula: see text]Co4N4(x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) were calculated. Results indicate that Li prefers to fill the octahedral interstitial site [Formula: see text] rather than the tetrahedral interstitial site [Formula: see text]. With the increase in intercalation Li, the ratio of volume expansion increases from 8.29% (x = 1) to 31.58% (x = 4). Ternary phase Li4Co4N4has the most stability with the negative intercalation energy, and the corresponding theoretical specific capacity reaches 367 mA/g. Furthermore, the analysis of density of states, valence electron density distribution maps, and electron localization function (ELF) of Co4N4and Li4Co4N4indicates that Li intercalation enhances the electrical conductivity of Co4N4and weakens the bonding of Co and N. Finally, Li-ion migration dynamics in the Co4N4bulk were investigated with nudged elastic band (NEB) methods. Results show that the migration path of Li-ion is along [Formula: see text] with the energy barrier of 0.44 eV.
Investigation on high-frequency performance of spiral-shaped trapezoidal piezoelectric cantilever
Authors: Huang Fang Sheng , Feng Zhi Hua , Ma Yu Ting , Pan Qiao Sheng 
Published: May 2018

Trapezoidal structure has been proposed for construction of piezoelectric cantilever to increase inherent frequency. To further break through the limitation on frequency value, trapezoidal piezoelectric cantilever is rolled into spiral-shaped piezoelectric cantilever with identical effective length in this study, which is verified in COMSOL simulations and experiments. A prototype shows that after rolling the straight shape into a spiral shape for the trapezoidal piezoelectric cantilever, the first inherent frequency promotes 4.5 times from 98100 Hz to 441,900 Hz, which is consistent with theoretic analysis. The spiral-shaped trapezoidal piezoelectric cantilever is suitable for working as an actuator in micro flapping-wing aircraft.
NRG1 Fusions in KRAS Wild-Type Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Heining Christoph , Horak Peter , Uhrig Sebastian , Codo Paula L. , Klink Barbara , Hutter Barbara , Fröhlich Martina , Bonekamp David , Richter Daniela , Steiger Katja , Penzel Roland , Endris Volker , Ehrenberg Karl Roland , Frank Stephanie , Kleinheinz Kortine , Toprak Umut H. , Schlesner Matthias , Mandal Ranadip , Schulz Lothar , Lambertz Helmut , Fetscher Sebastian , Bitzer Michael , Malek Nisar P. , Horger Marius , Giese Nathalia A. , Strobel Oliver , Hackert Thilo , Springfeld Christoph , Feuerbach Lars , Bergmann Frank , Schröck Evelin , von Kalle Christof , Weichert Wilko , Scholl Claudia , Ball Claudia R. , Stenzinger Albrecht , Brors Benedikt , Fröhling Stefan , Glimm Hanno 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We used whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing to identify clinically actionable genomic alterations in young adults with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Molecular characterization of 17 patients with PDAC enrolled in a precision oncology program revealed gene fusions amenable to pharmacologic inhibition by small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors in all patients with KRAS wild-type (KRASWT) tumors (4 of 17). These alterations included recurrent NRG1 rearrangements predicted to drive PDAC development through aberrant ERBB receptor–mediated signaling, and pharmacologic ERBB inhibition resulted in clinical improvement and remission of liver metastases in 2 patients with NRG1-rearranged tumors that had proved resistant to standard treatment. Our findings demonstrate that systematic screening of KRASWT tumors for oncogenic fusion genes will substantially improve the therapeutic prospects for a sizeable fraction of patients with PDAC.
Significance: Advanced PDAC is a malignancy with few treatment options that lacks molecular mechanism-based therapies. Our study uncovers recurrent gene rearrangements such as NRG1 fusions as disease-driving events in KRASwt tumors, thereby providing novel insights into oncogenic signaling and new therapeutic options in this entity. Cancer Discov; 8(9); 1087–95. ©2018 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047
Adjustment for Atherosclerosis Diagnosis Distorts the Effects of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and the Ranking of Hospital Performance
Authors: Niknam Bijan A. , Arriaga Alexander F. , Rosenbaum Paul R. , Hill Alexander S. , Ross Richard N. , Even‐Shoshan Orit , Romano Patrick S. , Silber Jeffrey H. 
Published: May 2018

Background
Coronary atherosclerosis raises the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and is usually included in AMI risk‐adjustment models. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) does not cause atherosclerosis, but may contribute to the notation of atherosclerosis in administrative claims. We investigated how adjustment for atherosclerosis affects rankings of hospitals that perform PCI.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective cohort study of 414 715 Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for AMI between 2009 and 2011. The outcome was 30‐day mortality. Regression models determined the association between patient characteristics and mortality. Rankings of the 100 largest PCI and non‐PCI hospitals were assessed with and without atherosclerosis adjustment. Patients admitted to PCI hospitals or receiving interventional cardiology more frequently had an atherosclerosis diagnosis. In adjustment models, atherosclerosis was associated, implausibly, with a 42% reduction in odds of mortality (odds ratio=0.58,
P
<0.0001). Without adjustment for atherosclerosis, the number of expected lives saved by PCI hospitals increased by 62% (
P
<0.001). Hospital rankings also changed: 72 of the 100 largest PCI hospitals had better ranks without atherosclerosis adjustment, while 77 of the largest non‐PCI hospitals had worse ranks (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Atherosclerosis is almost always noted in patients with AMI who undergo interventional cardiology but less often in medically managed patients, so adjustment for its notation likely removes part of the effect of interventional treatment. Therefore, hospitals performing more extensive imaging and more PCIs have higher atherosclerosis diagnosis rates, making their patients appear healthier and artificially reducing the expected mortality rate against which they are benchmarked. Thus, atherosclerosis adjustment is detrimental to hospitals providing more thorough AMI care.
Conforming Line
Authors: Ramírez Naomi Elena 
Published: May 2018

A practice of experimental graphic scoring for performance explores the ambiguity and transformation at the conflation of boundaries between dance/performance and photography. Within the score, fragments of the moving gestural body are photographed and then placed upon the page in relation to and modified by lines. Naomi Elena Ramírez (b. Hermosillo, Mexico) is a multidisciplinary artist whose work encompasses visual art, video art, and performance, and the process by which the different mediums can inform each other. Her work has been presented by A.I.R. Gallery, the Institute of (Im)Possible Subjects, Movement Research at the Judson Church, DoublePlus at Gibney Dance, The Bronx Latin American Art Biennial, Nurture Art Gallery, BRIC Contemporary Arts online exhibitions, Wallplay Gallery, and The Situation Room, LA.
Plato’s Geach Talks to Socrates: Definition by Example-and-Exemplar in the Hippias Major
Authors: Politis Vasilis 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The paper argues that Plato, in the Hippias Major gives due consideration to the question whether, for some qualities F, such as beauty, it is possible to give an account of what F is by pointing to an example-and-exemplar. He takes seriously, and gives cogent reasons in defense of, an affirmative answer to this question in a manner comparable to Geach—although he argues that these reasons lead to inconsistency, if combined with the view that it is possible to make comparisons in regard to F among significantly different examples-and-exemplars of a thing that is F.
Inter-population and seasonal changes in food habits of the Moroccan Spiny-tailed lizard along an aridity gradient
Authors: Bendami Safaa , Znari Mohammed , Loulida Soumia 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Food habits of the Moroccan Spiny-tailed lizard, Uromastyx nigriventris, from three localities along an aridity gradient from north-east (Mediterranean) to southwest (Atlantic pre-Saharan) of the Atlas range, Morocco, were investigated in spring and autumn 2015 using fecal microhistological analysis. The obtained results showed that these lizards are predominantly herbivorous feeding on 4 to 13 different plant species depending on locality and season, but some insects, namely coleopterans and ants (Formicidae) (up to 6%) are also consumed. They heavily ingested annual and perennial herbaceous plants through a single season. There were significant differences among seasons and localities in terms of species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes. These indexes increased significantly, respectively for the spring and autumnal diets, and correlatively with the species richness in the habitat along the aridity gradient. The Stress-Gradient Hypothesis could explain this increase. According to Pianka’s niche overlap index (), dietary overlap was low between Saka (the least arid locality) and Skoura (the intermediate locality) in spring. Conversely, there was a substantial overlap in the diets in autumn with a more pronounced similarity between Saka and Skoura. A review of published information on food habits among Spiny-tailed lizard species and populations was established.
Forging New Political Identities in the Shanty Towns of Durban, South Africa
Authors: Pithouse Richard Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis contribution offers some observations with regard to political identities in a popular movement largely based in the shantytowns of Durban, South Africa. It seeks to examine, via more than a decade of immersion and research, one instance of how popular organisation and mobilisation have been mediated through shifting political identities. It argues that if discourse professionals on the left are to become effective actors it will be necessary to take popular political identities a lot more seriously, and to enable mutually transformative engagement between theory and actually-existing forms of popular striving and struggle.