bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ self‐assessment of competencies in the phantom course of operative dentistry
Authors: Ciardo Antonio , Möltner Andreas , Rüttermann Stefan , Gerhardt‐Szép Susanne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim was to assess the competencies of undergraduate students in their roles of dental expert, scholar, communicator, collaborator, health advocate, manager and professional.Materials and MethodsFor this retrospective, pseudonymised observational study (pre‐/post‐testing), students in two cohorts in their first clinical semester in operative dentistry were asked to judge their competencies (1 = very good to 6 = insufficient) with a learning objective catalogue designed at the Goethe University Frankfurt (modelled after the National Competency‐Based Learning Objective Catalogue Dentistry), at the beginning and end of their phantom course. In order to relate the students’ subjective competency judgements to objective evidence of their skills, at the end of the semester their marks from the summative Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) were compared with the subjective judgement of their exam performance before the final results were known.ResultsThe reliability of the evaluation sheet was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha 0.98. The students judged their competencies as “sufficient” (4.23 ± 0.51) at the beginning and “satisfactory” (2.82 ± 0.43) at the end. A significant improvement in competencies was observed within all roles. The students’ subjective judgement of the exam results (3.66 ± 0.62) was significantly correlated with the actual marks (3.69 ± 0.83) in the OSPE at 0.3547 (P = 0.0015).ConclusionThe evaluation instrument showed excellent reliability. The students judged that their competencies significantly increased during the semester. The triangulation with the actual marks in the context of an OSPE demonstrated a significant correlation with the students’ exam judgements.
Bleeding assessment in female patients with the Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome—A case series
Authors: Rivera‐Concepción Joel , Acevedo‐Canabal Jorge , Burés Antonio , Vargas Gustavo , Cadilla Carmen , Izquierdo Natalio J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive rare disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis, chronic granulomatous colitis and/or pulmonary fibrosis. HPS is the most common single‐gene disorder in Puerto Rico with a prevalence of 1:1,800 in the Northwest of the island. Risk of menorrhagia and post‐partum hemorrhage (PPH) in cases of women with HPS have been described in the medical literature, but data regarding comprehensive description of bleeding diathesis remains lacking. For this reason, we aim to identify bleeding events using the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis Bleeding Assessment Tool (ISTH‐BAT), a standardized quantitative tool that translates the range of severity of bleeding symptoms into a cumulative bleeding score (BS).ObjectiveTo use the ISTH‐BAT in HPS in order to describe bleeding symptoms and allow for comparison with other inherited bleeding disorders.MethodsPuerto Rican females and adult participants with HPS based on genetic linkage were enrolled. The ISTH‐BAT was administered and results were identified using descriptive statistical analysis.ResultsQuestionnaire answers of twelve women with HPS‐1 and HPS‐3 were evaluated. Participants’ mean BS was HPS‐1 (11.4) and HPS‐3 (8.0) Participants with HPS‐1 and HPS‐3 reported abnormal bleeding events that presented during dental extractions, menorrhagia, surgical interventions, gastrointestinal, oral cavity and post‐partum. Patients with history of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) showed a higher mean bleeding score than those who had no history of PF.ConclusionsFemale patients with HPS type 1 and 3 experienced abnormal bleeding events according to the ISTH‐BAT bleeding score. Bleeding medications were inconsistently used and varied independently from healthcare professionals. The benefits of this study were to understand the history of bleeding complications in patients with HPS type 1 and 3 using an international validated system. The results of this study will help design strategies to improve the care we provide to this population.
Increasing propensity to mind‐wander by transcranial direct current stimulation? A registered report
Authors: Boayue Nya Mehnwolo , Csifcsák Gábor , Aslaksen Per , Turi Zsolt , Antal Andrea , Groot Josephine , Hawkins Guy E. , Forstmann Birte , Opitz Alexander , Thielscher Axel , Mittner Matthias 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed to be able to modulate different cognitive functions. However, recent meta‐analyses conclude that its efficacy is still in question. Recently, an increase in subjects’ propensity to mind‐wander has been reported as a consequence of anodal stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Axelrod et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, 2015). In addition, an independent group found a decrease in mind wandering after cathodal stimulation of the same region. These findings seem to indicate that high‐level cognitive processes such as mind wandering can reliably be influenced by non‐invasive brain stimulation. However, these previous studies used low sample sizes and are as such subject to concerns regarding the replicability of their findings. In this registered report, we implement a high‐powered replication of Axelrod et al. (2015) finding that mind‐wandering propensity can be increased by anodal tDCS. We used Bayesian statistics and a preregistered sequential‐sampling design resulting in a total sample size of N = 192 participants collected across three different laboratories. Our findings show support against a stimulation effect on self‐reported mind‐wandering scores. The effect was small, in the opposite direction as predicted and not reliably different from zero. Using a Bayes Factor specifically designed to test for replication success, we found strong evidence against a successful replication of the original study. Finally, even when combining data from both the original and replication studies, we could not find evidence for an effect of anodal stimulation. Our results underline the importance of designing studies with sufficient power to detect evidence for or against behavioural effects of non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques, preferentially using robust Bayesian statistics in preregistered reports.
Immunophenotyping of cerebrospinal fluid cells in ischaemic stroke
Authors: Schulte‐Mecklenbeck A. , Kleffner I. , Beuker C. , Wirth T. , Hartwig M. , Schmidt‐Pogoda A. , Klotz L. , Hansen W. , Wiendl H. , Meuth S. G. , Gross C. C. , Minnerup J. 
Published: January 2019

Background and purposePost‐ischaemic immune cell invasion into the brain is well characterized in animal stroke models and contributes to neuronal damage. Therefore, it represents a promising therapeutic target. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is easily accessible and may reflect cellular events within the parenchyma. However, comprehensive studies on CSF immune cells in patients with stroke are lacking.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, we performed extensive immune‐cell profiling in CSF and peripheral blood of patients with acute ischaemic stroke and healthy controls. In patients with stroke, infarct size was quantified on follow‐up imaging.ResultsOverall, 90 patients with ischaemic stroke and 22 controls were included in our study. After stroke, the total protein was increased (537.3 vs. 353.2 mg/L, P = 0.008) and the mean total white cell count was slightly but non‐significantly elevated (1.76 vs. 0.50 cells/μL, P = 0.059). Proportions of CSF lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes and their respective subsets did not differ between patients with stroke and controls. In addition, there were no associations between proportions of major leukocyte subsets in CSF and the time from symptom onset to CSF sampling, infarct size or infarct localization.ConclusionsIschaemic stroke induces only a very slight increase of CSF immune cells without changes in the composition of immune cell subsets, thus indicating that parenchymal inflammation is not sufficiently reflected in the CSF. Our findings suggest that CSF is not a major invasion route for immune cells and that CSF cell analyses are not suitable as biomarkers to guide future immune therapies for stroke.
Long‐term efficacy of opicapone in fluctuating Parkinson's disease patients: a pooled analysis of data from two phase 3 clinical trials and their open‐label extensions
Authors: Ferreira J. J. , Lees A. , Rocha J.‐F. , Poewe W. , Rascol O. , Soares‐da‐Silva P. 
Published: January 2019

Background and purposeThe aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase inhibitor opicapone (25 and 50 mg) as adjunct therapy to levodopa in a pooled population of Parkinson's disease patients who participated in the pivotal double‐blind trials of opicapone and their 1‐year open‐label extensions.MethodsData (placebo, opicapone 25 mg and opicapone 50 mg) from the BIPARK‐1 and BIPARK‐2 double‐blind and open‐label studies were combined. The studies had similar designs, eligibility criteria and assessment methods. The primary efficacy variable in both double‐blind studies was the change from baseline in absolute OFF time based on patient diaries.ResultsDouble‐blind treatment with opicapone (25 and 50 mg) significantly reduced absolute daily OFF time from a baseline of 6.1–6.6 h. The mean (and 95% confidence interval) treatment effect versus placebo was −35.1 (−62.1, −8.2) min (P = 0.0106) for the 25 mg dose and −58.1 (−84.5, −31.7) min (P < 0.0001) for the 50 mg dose. Reductions in OFF time were mirrored by significant increases in ON time without troublesome dyskinesia (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001 for the 25 and 50 mg doses, respectively). No significant differences were observed for ON time with troublesome dyskinesia. Patient diary results from the open‐label phase indicated a maintenance of effect for patients previously treated with opicapone 50 mg. The group previously treated with the 25 mg dose benefitted with further optimization of therapy during the open‐label phase, whilst switching from placebo to opicapone led to significant reductions in OFF time and increased ON time.ConclusionsOver at least 1 year of open‐label therapy, opicapone consistently reduced OFF time and increased ON time without increasing the frequency of troublesome dyskinesia.
Research trends in equine movement analysis, future opportunities and potential barriers in the digital age: A scoping review from 1978 to 2018
Authors: Egan S. , Brama P. , McGrath D. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundSince Muybridge's ‘horse in motion’, researchers in the equine movement analysis field continue to improve objective analysis and performance monitoring while ensuring representative data capture. However, subjective evaluation remains the primary method of equine gait analysis in the applied setting, despite evidence highlighting the unreliability of this approach.ObjectivesTo map research trends, limitations and opportunities across the diverse equine gait analysis literature.Study designJoanna Briggs Institute and Cochrane systematic scoping review.MethodsSearch terms were chosen based on the ‘PICO’ framework and included keywords such as: Equine, Gait, Kinematics and Analysis. Studies were excluded based on predetermined criteria by two independent researchers. Data were extracted from 510 articles from 1978 to 2018.ResultsInsights derived from movement analysis appear to be driven by tool availability. Observational research (42.9%) was the most popular study design. Use of wearable technology as a primary research tool is established within the field, accounting for 13.5% of studies. Analysis of limitations identified 17.8% of studies citing challenges to the transferability of research results. Restricted sample size appears to be an underlying contributor to many of the limitations identified. In terms of research opportunities, advances in intervention studies were called for (10.4% of studies) in the following three areas; clinical, rehabilitative exercise and performance/training.Main limitationsThis review was confined to research in the English language.ConclusionsStandardised research reporting may alleviate sample size issues by facilitating data pooling, database creation and meta‐analyses. Large holistic data collections and application frameworks based on wearable technologies are not reflected in the current equine gait analysis literature and thus represent an interesting opportunity for this field. Progress and lessons learned from the human field of movement analysis can be useful in supporting this potential development.
Replicative senescence of human dermal fibroblasts affects structural and functional aspects of the Golgi apparatus
Authors: Despres Julie , Ramdani Yasmina , di Giovanni Marine , Bénard Magalie , Zahid Abderrakib , Montero‐Hadjadje Maité , Yvergnaux Florent , Saguet Thibaut , Driouich Azeddine , Follet‐Gueye Marie‐Laure 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is well recognized that the world population is ageing rapidly. Therefore, it is important to understand ageing processes at the cellular and molecular levels to predict the onset of age‐related diseases and prevent them. Recent research has focused on the identification of ageing biomarkers, including those associated with the properties of the Golgi apparatus. In this context, Golgi‐mediated glycosylation of proteins has been well characterized. Additionally, other studies show that the secretion of many compounds, including pro‐inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix–degrading enzymes, is modified during ageing, resulting in physical and functional skin degradation. Since the Golgi apparatus is a central organelle of the secretory pathway, we investigated its structural organization in senescent primary human dermal fibroblasts using confocal and electron microscopy. In addition, we monitored the expression of Golgi‐related genes in the same cells. Our data showed a marked alteration in the Golgi morphology during replicative senescence. In contrast to its small and compact structure in non‐senescent cells, the Golgi apparatus exhibited a large and expanded morphology in senescent fibroblasts. Our data also demonstrated that the expression of many genes related to Golgi structural integrity and function was significantly modified in senescent cells, suggesting a relationship between Golgi apparatus function and ageing.
BARGAINING WITH OPTIMISM: IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION OF A MODEL OF MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LITIGATION
Authors: Merlo Antonio , Tang Xun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe study a model of bargaining with optimism where players have heterogeneous beliefs about the final resolution. Beliefs and bargaining surplus are identified from the settlement probability and the distribution of accepted transfers. Using data from medical malpractice lawsuits in Florida, we estimate doctor and patient beliefs and the distribution of potential compensation. We find that patients are more optimistic and doctors more pessimistic when the severity of injury is higher, and the joint optimism diminishes as severity increases. We quantify the increase in settlement probability and the reduction in accepted settlement offers under counterfactual caps on the total compensation.
Measuring consumer understanding and perception of eco‐labelling: Item selection and scale validation
Authors: Taufique Khan Md Raziuddin , Polonsky Michael Jay , Vocino Andrea , Siwar Chamhuri 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe use of “eco‐labels” by businesses, both as communication and positioning strategies, is increasing. For these eco‐labels to be effective, however, it requires consumers to understand and value what eco‐labels are communicating. Research suggests that there are many factors impeding consumers’ understanding of eco‐labels. Most of these studies have focused on single dimensions of a complex phenomenon and in doing so they have ignored the multifaceted aspects of the construct, suggesting that a more integrated representation is warranted. The work herein undertakes four studies to empirically test and validate a multidimensional measure that can be used to assess how consumers psychometrically understand and perceive eco‐labelling. The four‐study process involves qualitative interviews to extend the issues identified within the literature, followed by two studies using principal component analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling analysis, each using separate samples, to test the reliability and validity of the proposed eight‐dimensional 27‐item ECOLSCALE. Another study is then undertaken to assess the nomological validity of the scale regarding to consumers’ environmental orientation. The ECOLSCALE developed in this work can be used to assist marketers, policy makers and researchers to evaluate the impact of eco‐labelling schemes on consumers’ understanding of eco‐labels, thereby enabling consumers to make more environmentally informed decisions.
Comparison of variation in frequency for SNPs associated with asthma or liver disease between Estonia, HapMap populations and the 1000 genome project populations
Authors: Reisberg Sulev , Galwey Nicholas , Avillach Paul , Sahlqvist Anna‐Stina , Kolberg Liis , Mägi Reedik , Esko Tõnu , Vilo Jaak , James Glen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAllele‐specific analyses to understand frequency differences across populations, particularly populations not well studied, are important to help identify variants that may have a functional effect on disease mechanisms and phenotypic predisposition, facilitating new Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS). We aimed to compare the allele frequency of 11 asthma‐associated and 16 liver disease‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the Estonian, HapMap and 1000 genome project populations. When comparing EGCUT with HapMap populations, the largest difference in allele frequencies was observed with the Maasai population in Kinyawa, Kenya, with 12 SNP variants reporting statistical significance. Similarly, when comparing EGCUT with 1000 genomes project populations, the largest difference in allele frequencies was observed with pooled African populations with 22 SNP variants reporting statistical significance. For 11 asthma‐associated and 16 liver disease‐associated SNPs, Estonians are genetically similar to other European populations but significantly different from African populations. Understanding differences in genetic architecture between ethnic populations is important to facilitate new GWAS targeted at underserved ethnic groups to enable novel genetic findings to aid the development of new therapies to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Are children with clinical obesity at increased risk of inpatient hospital admissions? An analysis using linked electronic health records in the UK millennium cohort study
Authors: Griffiths Lucy J. , Cortina‐Borja Mario , Bandyopadhyay Amrita , Tingay Karen , De Stavola Bianca L. , Bedford Helen , Akbari Ashley , Firman Nicola , Lyons Ronan A. , Dezateux Carol 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundFew studies have examined health service utilization of children with overweight or obesity by using linked electronic health records (EHRs).Objective/MethodsWe analysed EHRs from 3269 children (1678 boys; 51.3% [weighted]) participating in the Millennium Cohort Study, living in Wales or Scotland at age seven whose parents consented to record linkage. We used height and weight measurements at age five to categorize children as obese (>98th centile) or overweight (>91st centile) (UK1990 clinical reference standards) and linked to hospital admissions, up to age 14 years, in the Patient Episode Database for Wales and Scottish Morbidity Records. Negative binomial regression models compared rates of inpatient admissions by weight status at age five.ResultsAt age five, 11.5% and 6.7% of children were overweight or obese, respectively; 1221 (38%) children were subsequently admitted to hospital at least once. Admissions were not increased among children with overweight or obesity (adjusted rate ratio [RR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87, 0.68‐1.10 and 1.16, 0.87‐1.54, respectively).ConclusionsIn this nationally representative cohort of children in Wales and Scotland, those with overweight or obesity at entry to primary school did not have increased rates of hospital admissions in later childhood and early adolescence.
Sleep and body mass index in infancy and early childhood (6‐36 mo): a longitudinal study
Authors: Wang Lu , Jansen Wilma , Boere‐Boonekamp Magda M. , Vlasblom Eline , L'Hoir Monique P. , Beltman Maaike , van Grieken Amy , Raat Hein 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundRelatively, few longitudinal studies have evaluated the association between sleep and body mass index (BMI) among younger children. In addition, few studies have evaluated the bidirectional longitudinal association between sleep duration and child BMI.ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to determine in children aged 6 to 36 months (1) the cross‐sectional association of sleep duration and sleep problems with child BMI z score, (2) whether sleep duration predicts changes in child BMI z score, and (3) and whether BMI z score can predict changes in child sleep duration.MethodsThis study used longitudinal data from the BeeBOFT study (N = 2308). Child sleep duration and sleep problems (indicated by night awakenings and sleep‐onset latency) were parent reported, and child BMI was measured using a standardized protocol by trained healthcare professionals at approximately 6, 14, and 36 months of age. Linear mixed models and linear regression models were applied to assess the cross‐sectional and bidirectional longitudinal associations between sleep and BMI z scores.ResultsCross sectionally, shorter sleep duration was associated with higher BMI z scores at 14 (β = −0.034, P < 0.05) and 36 months (β = −0.045, P < 0.05). Sleep duration at 6 or 14 months did not predict BMI z score at either 14 or 36 months. Higher BMI z scores at 6 months predicted shorter sleep duration (hours) at 14 months (β = −0.129, P < 0.001). No association was found between sleep problems and child BMI z scores.ConclusionsCross‐sectional associations between shorter sleep duration and higher BMI z score emerged in early childhood (age 14 and 36 mo). Higher BMI z scores may precede shorter sleep duration but not vice versa.
Secure attachment predicts lower body mass index in young children with histories of child protective services involvement
Authors: Bernard Kristin , Frost Allison , Jelinek Caitlin , Dozier Mary 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundChildren who experience early adversity are at risk for obesity; secure attachment may be a protective factor as it has been linked to reduced obesity risk.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether (1) participation in a parenting intervention and (2) secure attachment were associated with body mass index (BMI) among young children with histories of child protective services (CPS) involvement.MethodsA total of 105 parent‐child dyads referred following CPS involvement were randomly assigned to receive Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up (ABC), which was designed to increase parental sensitivity, or a control intervention. Attachment security was assessed during infancy, and BMI was assessed at annual follow‐up visits until children were 4 years old.ResultsChildren in the ABC group were more likely to have secure attachments (52%) than children in the control intervention group (32%). Although the ABC intervention did not have a direct effect on children's BMI, secure attachment was associated with a steeper decline in BMI from age 2 to age 4, with secure children showing significantly lower BMI (M = 15.4, SD = 2.08; 16.6% overweight/obese) than insecure children (M = 17.6, SD = 3.81; 35.7% overweight/obese) at age 4.ConclusionsSecure attachment was associated with reduced BMI among CPS‐referred children; thus, secure attachment may be a novel target of early obesity prevention efforts.