bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 and Lactobacillus acidophilus BT1386 influence innate immune response and serum levels of acute-phase proteins during weaning in Holstein calves
Authors: Fomenky Bridget E. , Chiquette Johanne , Lessard Martin , Bissonnette Nathalie , Talbot Guylaine , Chouinard Yvan P. , Ibeagha-Awemu Eveline M. 
Published: March 2018

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SCB) or Lactobacillus acidophilus BT1386 (LA) on (1) innate immune response, (2) markers of acute-phase reaction, and (3) immune gene expression of rumen and ileum tissues of Holstein calves. Forty eight calves (∼5 d old) were randomly allocated to four treatments as follows: (1) control (CTRL) fed milk replacer followed by starter feed, (2) CTRL supplemented with SCB in milk and feed, (3) CTRL supplemented with LA in milk and feed, and (4) CTRL supplemented with antibiotics (ATB; chlortetracycline and neomycin in milk, and chlortetracycline in feed). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) decreased (P < 0.05) on day 66 (post-weaning) for the ATB-treated calves. There were no treatment effects on production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) proteins and on expression of TLR4, TLR6, TLR9, TLR10, CLDN3, MUC1, and MUC20 genes. Calves fed SCB or LA had a greater (P < 0.05) oxidative burst at weaning (day 53) compared with CTRL. Oxidative burst was also greater (P < 0.05) after weaning (day 59 and day 87) for SCB-fed calves. Calves fed SCB and ATB had higher (P < 0.05) phagocytosis activity during weaning (day 47) compared with CTRL. The concentration of serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) increased (P < 0.05) in SCB- and LA-fed calves (day 53), whereas the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) increased (P < 0.05) in SCB-fed calves during weaning as compared with CTRL. Our results suggest that SCB could improve innate immune response (oxidative burst and phagocytosis) and markers of acute-phase reaction (CRP and SAA2), especially during critical periods like weaning.
Estimation of direct and maternal genetic parameters for individual birth weight and probe weight using cross-fostering information
Authors: Alves K. , Schenkel F.S. , Brito L.F. , Robinson J.A.B. 
Published: March 2018

A total of 246 357 measurements of birth (BW) and probe (PW) weights of purebred Yorkshire and Landrace pigs were used to compare the fitting of two alternate models including either common-litter effect or cross-fostering group effect to account for common environmental variation. PW, is a live ultrasonic weight measurement taken when the pigs are 100 ± 30 kg, following national standards. The common-litter effect was defined as piglets born into the same litter, and the group effect was used to account for cross-fostering, and defined as the effect common to piglets raised by the same nurse-sow, regardless of whether that piglet was born into that litter or not. It was found that the cross-fostering group explained 5% more environmental variation in BW when compared with the common-litter effect, indication that BW is a criterion in cross-fostering. Cross-fostering also explained 1% more environmental variation in PW in both the Yorkshire and Landrace. When the cross-fostering group effect was included in place of the common-litter effect, the direct and maternal genetic heritability estimates were similar, but residual variances were reduced. This study advanced the understanding of the effects of cross-fostering on PW, its association with BW and its implications in modern pig breeding programs.
Wedge-local observables for factorizing S-matrix with gap in the coupling constant
Authors: Cadamuro Daniela , Tanimoto Yoh 
Published: March 2018

In the bootstrap approach to integrable quantum field theories in the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Minkowski space, one conjectures the two-particle S-matrix and tries to study local observables. We find a family of two-particle S-matrices parametrized by two positive numbers, which are separated from the free field or any other known S-matrix. We propose candidates for observables in wedge-shaped regions and prove their commutativity in the weak sense. The sine-Gordon model is conjectured to be equivalent to the Thirring model, and its breather–breather S-matrix components (where the first breather corresponds to the scalar field of the sine-Gordon model) are closed under fusion. Yet, the residues of the poles in this breather–breather S-matrix have wrong signs and cannot be considered as a separate model. Our S-matrices differ from the breather–breather S-matrix in the sine-Gordon model by CDD factors which adjust the signs, so that this sector alone satisfies reasonable assumptions.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Signal Intensity Ratio Predicts the Effect of Revascularization on Ischemic Cerebral Edema
Authors: Bevers Matthew B. , Battey Thomas W.K. , Ostwaldt Ann-Christin , Jahan Reza , Saver Jeffrey L. , Kimberly W. Taylor , Kidwell Chelsea S. 
Published: March 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) imaging is a biomarker of cytotoxic injury that predicts edema formation and outcome after ischemic stroke. It therefore has the potential to serve as a “tissue clock” to describe the extent of ischemic injury and potentially predict response to therapy. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between baseline ADC signal intensity, revascularization, and edema formation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We examined the ADC signal intensity ratio (ADCr) of the stroke lesion (defined as the baseline DWI hyperintense region) compared to the contralateral normal hemisphere in 65 subjects from the Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy trial. The associations between ADCr, neurologic outcome, and cerebral edema were examined. Finally, we explored the interaction between baseline ADCr and vessel recanalization at day 7 on post-stroke edema. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found that lower initial ADCr was associated with a worse outcome on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days (52.2% of those with ADCr &#x3c;64% were mRS 5–6 vs. 19.1% with ADCr ≥64%, <i>p =</i> 0.006). Those subjects with reconstitution of flow distal to the initial vessel occlusion showed greater normalization of ADCr on follow-up scan (increase in ADCr of 16.4 ± 2.07 vs. 1.99 ± 4.33%, <i>p =</i> 0.0039). In those patients with low baseline ADCr, successful revascularization was associated with reduced edema (median swelling volume 164 mL [interquartile range (IQR) 53.3–190 mL] vs. 20.7 mL [IQR 3.20–55.1 mL], <i>p =</i> 0.024). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study reaffirms the association of ADCr with outcome after stroke, supports the idea that reperfusion may attenuate rather than enhance post-stroke edema, and indicates that the degree of edema with and without revascularization may be predicted by ADCr.
Posttreatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Is Superior to the Initial Score or Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia for 3-Month Outcome
Authors: Jeong Han-Gil , Kim Beom Joon , Choi Jay Chol , Hong Keun-Sik , Yang Mi Hwa , Jung Cheolkyu , Han Moon-Ku , Bae Hee-Joon 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—
The majority of ischemic stroke patients receiving endovascular recanalization therapy (EVT) experience variable changes of neurological severities during the hyperacute period. We hypothesized that the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score after EVT is a better prognostic factor compared with the initial NIHSS score or revascularization status.

Methods—
We identified 566 stroke patients who received EVT at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between April 2008 and December 2015. We prospectively collected post-EVT NIHSS score, which was measured in the angiography suite by on-duty physicians after completion of EVT. Model 1 included baseline predictors including an initial NIHSS score. In model 2, 3, and 4, revascularization status, post-EVT NIHSS score, or both were additionally included. The discrimination powers for modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at 3 months were assessed using C statistic, integrated discrimination index, and category-free net reclassification index.

Results—

The median of initial and post-EVT NIHSS score were 14 (9–19) and 11 (5–17) points, respectively (an improvement, 58.8%; no change, 20.7%; deterioration, 20.5%). A modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2 at 3 months was achieved in 47%. Based on the results of differences among the C statistics, both model 3 and model 4 (C statistics: 0.896 and 0.906) showed significantly increased discrimination power for modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2 at 3 months than the model 1 or 2 (C statistics: 0.802 and 0.834,
P
values<0.001 for all comparisons). Model 4 showed significant improvement of both integrated discrimination index and net reclassification index as compared with all other models, but the magnitude of improvement from model 3 to model 4 (integrated discrimination index, 0.021; net reclassification index, 0.322) was modest.

Conclusions—
Incorporation of post-EVT NIHSS score conferred better discrimination power to the statistical models for functional recovery. Post-EVT NIHSS score may be an appropriate baseline factor when evaluating an intervention after hyperacute period.
Intervention Impact on Young Students’ Associations about Wolf and Lynx
Authors: Dieser Olivia , Bogner Franz X. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLarge carnivores such as wolves and lynxes have recently been re-established in some regions of Central Europe. In Central Europe only, scattered information about public background knowledge exists, whereas in Scandinavia, perceptions and/or natural history knowledge about those nonhuman animals only were monitored occasionally. Determining associations with wolves and lynxes among young students therefore is an important subject and offers great support when planning educational interventions. An educational module was offered to a sample of 4th and 5th graders (n = 311), which involved individual observations of wolves and lynxes in Animal Ground enclosures of a National Park. Before, during, and after participation, word associations of the stimuli words “wolf” and “lynx” were collected from all students, indicating a negative impression of those animals before the intervention, especially of the wolf. Our intervention decreased this negative image and improved the background knowledge of these species. Recommendations are discussed.
Headbob displays signal sex, social context and species identity in a Liolaemus lizard
Authors: Vicente Natalin S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Animal communication has a key role in animals and identifying the signals’ function is crucial. Most lizards communicate with each other through visual signals with headbob displays, which are up-and-down movements of the head or the anterior part of the body. In the present work, I described and analysed the headbob displays of Liolaemus pacha lizards in their natural habitat. Specifically, the objectives were to describe the form of headbobs, to analyse their structure and to compare between sexes and social contexts. Adult lizards were video-recorded, registering the sex and the social context, classified as broadcast, same-sex and female-male interactions. The form and structure of sequences and headbobs were obtained. To evaluate the effect of sex and social context on the structure of headbob sequences and on headbob bouts, generalized linear mixed models were made. Intersexual differences were found in headbob display frequency and in the structure of headbob sequences. Lizards in same-sex context made sequences with more bouts, shorter intervals, headbob bouts of longer duration and higher amplitude than broadcast and female-male context. Presence of concurring behaviour such as lateral compression, gular expansion, and back arching occurred simultaneously with headbobs in same-sex context. Liolaemus pacha made four different headbob bout forms, and males were characterised by using bouts A and B, whereas females used bouts D more frequent. Sex and social context influenced only the structure of bouts A and B. The results showed that bouts A and B might be multi-component signals and non-redundant.
A Performance Evaluation of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Fan Penglei , Zheng Dong , Zhang Yijun , Gu Shanqiang , Zhang Wenjuan , Yao Wen , Yan Biwu , Xu Yongbin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA systematic evaluation of the performance of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) over the Tibetan Plateau is conducted using data from the Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Location System (CGLLS) developed by the State Grid Corporation of China for 2013–15 and lightning data from the satellite-based Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) for 2014–15. The average spatial location separation magnitudes in the midsouthern Tibetan Plateau (MSTP) region between matched WWLLN and CGLLS strokes and over the whole Tibetan Plateau between matched WWLLN and LIS flashes were 9.97 and 10.93 km, respectively. The detection efficiency (DE) of the WWLLN rose markedly with increasing stroke peak current, and the mean stroke peak currents of positive and negative cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning detected by the WWLLN in the MSTP region were 62.43 and −56.74 kA, respectively. The duration, area, and radiance of the LIS flashes that were also detected by the WWLLN were 1.27, 2.65, and 4.38 times those not detected by the WWLLN. The DE of the WWLLN in the MSTP region was 9.37% for CG lightning and 2.58% for total lightning. Over the Tibetan Plateau, the DE of the WWLLN for total lightning was 2.03%. In the MSTP region, the CG flash data made up 71.98% of all WWLLN flash data. Based on the abovementioned results, the ratio of intracloud (IC) lightning to CG lightning in the MSTP region was estimated to be 4.05.
Using an Object-Based Approach to Quantify the Spatial Structure of Reflectivity Regions in Hurricane Isabel (2003). Part I: Comparisons between Radar Observations and Model Simulations
Authors: Matyas Corene J. , Zick Stephanie E. , Tang Jingyin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
When a hurricane undergoes extratropical transition (ET), its rainbands evolve from a circular and compact shape to a more elongated, fragmented, and dispersed configuration with an exposed circulation center. This study calculates five metrics to measure these spatial changes in reflectivity regions as Hurricane Isabel (2003) underwent ET. A mosaic of observations from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network is compared to reflectivity simulated by the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) Model. Six simulations are performed by varying the cumulus and microphysics parameterizations to produce a range of reflectivity configurations. A bias correction is applied to model-simulated reflectivity prior to the calculation of spatial metrics because lower reflectivity values are generally underrepresented, while higher values are generally overrepresented. However, the simulation with Kain–Fritsch cumulus and Morrison two-moment microphysics overpredicts reflectivity by 3–4 dBZ at all levels. We demonstrate that the spatial metrics effectively capture structural changes as reflectivity regions became more fragmented and dispersed and the center became more exposed. In this case study, the results were more sensitive to the choice of cumulus physics, compared with the choice of microphysics. The Kain–Fritsch simulations produce shapes that are too circular and solid when compared with WSR-88D observations, as the hurricanes lack distinct outer rainbands. Simulations with Tiedtke cumulus produce an elongated main reflectivity region as in WSR-88D, but with separate inner and outer rainbands that are too dispersed and fragmented. These results demonstrate the value in measuring spatial patterns rather than assessing model performance using visual inspection alone.
Voice and Swallowing Outcomes of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: Comparing Younger Adult and Geriatric Patients
Authors: Bonilla‐Velez Juliana , Small Mariah , Bonilla‐Escobar Francisco J. , Sharum Matthew , Tulunay‐Ugur Ozlem E. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo compare voice and swallowing outcomes after treatment in younger adult (<65 years) and geriatric (≥65 years) patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsThe cases of patients presenting to a tertiary voice clinic with UVFP between June 2005 and February 2015 were reviewed. Clinical characteristics and outcomes in a geriatric subset were compared with those in younger adult group.ResultsA total of 206 patients met our inclusion criteria (n = 110, <65 years; n = 96, ≥65 years). Etiology was most commonly iatrogenic (59.2%), and computed tomography led to diagnosis for 62.3% of patients for whom it was obtained. The Voice Handicap Index improved on average by 31.3 points after treatment (P <. 001), with equal improvement between the patient subsets (P =. 71). Swallowing, as objectively assessed by the National Outcomes Measurement System for modified barium swallow, showed a statistically significant improvement in the patient population as a whole (–0.9, P =. 02) but was not significantly different within the subgroups (younger, P =. 07; geriatric, P =. 25).ConclusionGeriatric patients have similar voice and swallowing outcomes as younger adults and should be treated equally aggressive.
Achieving a Successful Closure of an Anterior Tympanic Membrane Perforation: Evidence‐Based Systematic Review
Authors: Visvanathan Vikranth , Vallamkondu Vamsidhar , Bhimrao Sanjiv K. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesSurgical repair of a tympanic membrane perforation is a common otologic procedure. However, achieving a successful closure can be challenging, especially if the anterior margin of the tympanic membrane is involved. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on evidence published in closure of anterior tympanic membrane perforations.Data SourcesThe following data sources were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1997 to August, 3 2017), MEDLINE (February 1948 to August 3, 2017), and Embase (1975 to August 3, 2017).Data ExtractionTwo authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses) guidelines were followed. For the purpose of this study, the inclusion criteria were as follows; (1) studies reporting surgical technique for closure of anterior tympanic membrane perforations, (2) primary cases only, (3) articles published in the English language, (4) minimum 6‐month follow‐up, and (5) recorded pre‐ and postoperative audiometry. The exclusion criteria were non–English language articles, revision surgery, and no audiometric outcomes.ResultsOn initial search, a total of 181 articles were identified (PubMed, n = 136; Cochrane, n = 28; Embase, n = 17). Based on the criteria, 136 articles were excluded. Full text of 45 articles was reviewed, and a further 24 articles were excluded. A total of 21 articles fulfilled the criteria for study inclusion.ConclusionsAll published evidence is level 4. High‐quality controlled studies are required to determine the most effective method for closure of anterior tympanic membrane perforation.
Management of Parotid Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Regional Recurrence Rates and Survival
Authors: Hirshoren Nir , Ruskin Olivia , McDowell Lachlan J. , Magarey Matthew , Kleid Stephen , Dixon Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesExtent of parotidectomy and neck dissection for metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) to the parotid is debated. We describe our experience, analyzing outcomes (overall survival and regional recurrence) associated with surgical extent and adjuvant treatment.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study of parotidectomy with or without neck dissection for metastatic cSCC.SettingA tertiary referral cancer center in Australia.Subjects and MethodsThe study group consisted of patients with metastatic cSCC involving the parotid gland who underwent a curative‐intent parotidectomy (superficial or total), with or without neck dissection, between 2003 and 2014. Demographic and clinical data, treatment modalities, and outcome parameters were collected from the electronic institutional database.ResultsOf 78 patients, 65 underwent superficial parotidectomy. Median follow‐up was 6.5 years. Sixty‐four patients (82%) patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Cervical lymph nodes were involved in 6 (24%) elective neck dissections. Involved preauricular, facial, external jugular, and occipital nodes occurred in 36.9%. Adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with improved 5‐year survival—50% (95% CI, 36%‐69%) versus 20% (95% CI, 6%‐70%)—and improved 2‐year regional control: 89% (95% CI, 67%‐100%) versus 40% (95% CI, 14%‐100%). The ipsilateral parotid bed recurrence rate was 3.7% for those who received adjuvant radiotherapy and 27% for those who did not receive radiotherapy.ConclusionThis study supports surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy as a standard of care for metastatic cSCC. The low incidence of parotid bed recurrence with this approach suggests that routine elective deep lobe resection may not be required.
High serum uric acid levels are a protective factor against unfavourable neurological functional outcome in patients with ischaemic stroke
Authors: Wang Yu-Fang , Li Jiao-Xing , Sun Xun-Sha , Lai Rong , Sheng Wen-Li 
Published: March 2018

Objective We aimed to evaluate the association between serum uric acid levels at the onset and prognostic outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Methods We retrospectively analysed the outcomes of 1166 patients with ischaemic stroke who were hospitalized in our centre during August 2008 to November 2012. Correlations of serum uric acid levels and prognostic outcomes were analysed. Results Men had higher serum uric acid levels and better neurological functional outcomes compared with women. There was a strong negative correlation between serum uric acid levels and unfavourable neurological functional outcomes. Generalized estimated equation analysis showed that a higher serum uric acid level (>237 µmol/L) was a protective factor for neurological functional outcome in male, but not female, patients. Among five trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment classification subtypes, only patients with the large-artery atherosclerosis subtype had a significant protective effect of serum uric acid levels on neurological outcome. Conclusions Our study shows that high serum uric acid levels are a significant protective factor in men and in the large-artery atherosclerosis subtype in patients with ischaemic stroke. This is helpful for determining the prognostic value of serum uric acid levels for neurological outcome of acute ischaemic stroke.