bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of steroid in the prevention of esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Jiahui , Wang Xin , Li Yarui , Lu Guifang , Lu Xinlan , Guo Dan , Wang Wancong , Liu Chuan , Xiao Ye , Han Nini , He Shuixiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimEven though endoscopic submucosal dissection is an important endoscopic resection technique for gastrointestinal neoplasms, there are chances that postoperative esophageal stricture might take place as a side effect. Steroid applications were reported to be effective for the prevention of stricture formation. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different steroid applications.MethodsEligible studies published on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database before August 2018 were reviewed. The preventions were divided as placebo/no treatment, long‐term oral steroid (LOS), median‐term oral steroid, short‐term oral steroid, single‐dose steroid injection, multiple‐dose steroid injection, topical superficial steroid, steroid injection combined with oral steroid, and preemptive endoscopic balloon dilatation. The primary outcomes were postoperative esophageal stricture rate and endoscopic balloon dilatation sessions required. Complications were also analyzed.ResultsA total of 19 studies were included. The network meta‐results illustrated that compared with the placebo, all kinds of steroid interventions were associated with lower rates of postoperative esophageal stenosis and less number of endoscopic balloon dilatation sessions. Moreover, combined therapy was no better than single regimen therapy. No significant differences between various steroid applications in the incidence of complications were spotted during this study. Based on the results of the network and clustered ranking, LOS might be the superior prevention for postoperative stricture with satisfying efficacy.ConclusionThe present study showed that LOS appears to be the optimal prevention method for postoperative stricture formation.
The F‐box protein HAWAIIAN SKIRT is required for mimicry target‐induced microRNA degradation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Mei Jun , Jiang Ning , Ren Guodong 
Published: December 2018

SummaryMimicry target‐directed microRNA degradation is widespread and highly conserved among eukaryotes. However, little is known about its mechanism of action. In this letter, by using STTM160 (target mimic of miR160) as a reporter, we show that dysfunction of HAWAIIAN SKIRT (HWS) suppresses the pleiotropic phenotype of STTM160. Small RNA sequencing and Northern blot analyses suggested that HWS only affects a subset of microRNAs. Intriguingly, we identified a stable coexistence of miR160/miR399 and their mimicry targets within the AGO1 complex when HWS is compromised, pointing to a possible role of HWS in the clearance of RNA‐induced silencing complexes associated with mimicry target.
Three‐dimensional imaging of the human internal acoustic canal and arachnoid cistern: a synchrotron study with clinical implications
Authors: Mei Xueshuang , Schart‐Morén Nadine , Li Hao , Ladak Hanif M. , Agrawal Sumit , Behr Robert , Rask‐Andersen Helge 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA thorough knowledge of the gross and micro‐anatomy of the human internal acoustic canal (IAC) is essential in vestibular schwannoma removal, cochlear implantation (CI) surgery, vestibular nerve section, and decompression procedures. Here, we analyzed the acoustic‐facial cistern of the human IAC, including nerves and anastomoses using synchrotron phase contrast imaging (SR‐PCI). A total of 26 fresh human temporal bones underwent SR‐PCI. Data were processed using volume‐rendering software to create three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions allowing soft tissue analyses, orthogonal sectioning, and cropping. A scalar opacity mapping tool was used to enhance tissue surface borders, and anatomical structures were color‐labeled for improved 3D comprehension of the soft tissues. SR‐PCI reproduced, for the first time, the variable 3D anatomy of the human IAC, including cranial nerve complexes, anastomoses, and arachnoid membrane invagination (acoustic‐facial cistern; an extension of the cerebellopontine cistern) in unprocessed, un‐decalcified specimens. An unrecognized system of arachnoid pillars and trabeculae was found to extend between the arachnoid and cranial nerves. We confirmed earlier findings that intra‐meatal vestibular schwannoma may grow unseparated from adjacent nerves without duplication of the arachnoid layers. The arachnoid pillars may support and stabilize cranial nerves in the IAC and could also play a role in local fluid hydrodynamics.
Novel mediators and mechanisms in the resolution of infectious inflammation: evidence for vagus regulation
Authors: Serhan C. N. , de la Rosa X. , Jouvene C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExcessive chronic inflammation is linked to many diseases and considered a stress factor in humans (Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1999, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105: 17949, Immunity, 44, 2016, 44: 463, N Engl J Med, 2011, 364: 656). Today, the resolution of inflammation is widely recognized as a cellular biochemically active process involving biosynthesis of a novel superfamily of endogenous chemical signals coined specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs; Nature, 2014, 510:92). Herein, we review recent evidence, indicating a role for the vagus nerve and vagotomy in the regulation of lipid mediators. Vagotomy reduces pro‐resolving mediators, including the lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins, delaying resolution in mouse peritonitis. Vagotomy also delays resolution of Escherichia coli infection in mice. Specifically, right vagus regulates peritoneal Group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC‐3) number and peritoneal macrophage responses with lipid mediator profile signatures with elevated pro‐inflammatory eicosanoids and reduced resolvins, including the novel protective immunoresolvent agonist protectin conjugate in tissue regeneration1 (PCTR1). Acetylcholine upregulates PCTR biosynthesis, and administration of PCTR1 to vagotomized mice restores tissue resolution and host responses to E. coli infections. Results obtained with human vagus ex vivo indicate that vagus can produce both pro‐inflammatory eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, as well as the SPM. Electrical stimulation of human vagus in vitro reduces both prostaglandins and leukotrienes and enhances resolvins and the other SPM. These results elucidate a host protective mechanism mediated by vagus stimulation of SPM that includes resolvins and PCTR1 to regulate myeloid antimicrobial functions and resolution of infection. Moreover, they define a new pro‐resolution of inflammation reflex operative in mice and human tissue that involves a vagus SPM circuit.
Adolescent Bullying and Weapon Carrying: A Longitudinal Investigation
Authors: Lu Yu , Avellaneda Flor , Torres Elizabeth D. , Temple Jeff R. 
Published: December 2018

Using four data waves from an ongoing longitudinal study, we examined the longitudinal association between weapon carrying and bullying (i.e., bully, victim, bully‐victim). Participants were 1,042 adolescents (55.9% female) recruited from Texas high schools, including Hispanic (31.7%), White (30.3%), African American (26.6%), and other (11.4%) with a mean age of 15.1 years at baseline. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that only baseline bully‐victim was linked to weapon carrying and only 1 year later (Adjusted odds ratio = 1.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.85), after controlling for baseline weapon carrying, age, gender, race, and parent education. No significant longitudinal association was found with bully or victim. Findings emphasize the importance of interventions targeting both bullying perpetrators and victims, while also highlighting the necessity of longitudinal research.
Sydney Diabetes centre's experience of the Australian Government's roll out of subsidised continuous glucose monitoring for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sandy Jessica L , Nyunt Ohn , Woodhead Helen J , Youde Lesley S , Ramjan Kim A , Jack Michelle M , Lim Lena , Shepherd Margaret , Marshall Ailsa , Townsend Nicky , Wilson Suzi , Duke Sally‐Anne , Slavich Eve , Hameed Shihab 
Published: December 2018

AimTo determine patient/carer expectations of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and short‐term satisfaction, to assess the efficacy of CGM in improving: fear of hypoglycaemia and glycaemic control (HbA1c, ketosis, hypoglycaemia) and to determine time requirements of diabetes clinic staff in commencing and administering CGM.MethodsWe assessed CGM‐naïve patients starting on CGM at a Sydney Diabetes Centre following the introduction of a nationwide government subsidy for CGM. A standardised questionnaire was administered collecting demographic and glycaemic information in addition to Likert scale assessment of expectations and satisfaction. Clinic staff reported time dedicated to CGM education, commencement and follow‐up.ResultsA total of 55 patients or parents/carers completed baseline questionnaires, with 37 completing a 3‐month follow‐up questionnaire. There were high expectations of CGM prior to commencement and high satisfaction ratings on follow‐up. CGM improved fear of hypoglycaemia, and total daily insulin dose increased after commencement of CGM. There was a trend towards lower HbA1c that was not statistically significant and no statistically significant reduction in ketosis or hypoglycaemia. Comments were mostly positive, with some concern raised regarding technical issues and a lack of subsidy after 21 years of age. Staff time requirements were substantial, with an estimated average of 7.7 h per patient per year.ConclusionsPatients and families have high expectations of CGM, and satisfaction levels are high in the short term. Total insulin delivery increased after CGM commencement. Time requirements by staff are substantial but are worthwhile if families' overall satisfaction levels are high.
Sirolimus in blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Wong Xin Lin , Phan Kevin , Rodríguez Bandera Ana I , Sebaratnam Deshan F 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to review sirolimus as a treatment for blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome (BRBNS). A literature search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Google Scholar was conducted for publications reporting treatment of patients with BRBNS with sirolimus. Of 46 articles identified, 17 studies reporting 23 patients met inclusion criteria. Sirolimus was well tolerated in all but one patient who required treatment cessation; 17/18 patients noted an improvement in gastrointestinal disease where this was reported; 21/22 patients noted an improvement in cutaneous disease where this was reported. Based on these results, sirolimus may be considered a first‐line treatment of BRBNS depending on patient morbidity.
Collections from the mesophytic zone off Bermuda reveal three species of Kallymeniaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in genera with transoceanic distributions
Authors: Schneider Craig W. , Popolizio Thea R. , Saunders Gary W. 
Published: December 2018

A molecular survey of red algae collected by technical divers and submersibles from 90 m in the mesophotic zone off the coast of Bermuda revealed three species assignable to the Kallymeniaceae. Two of the species are representative of recently described genera centered in the western Pacific in Australia and New Zealand, Austrokallymenia and Psaromenia and the third from the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic, Nothokallymenia. A phylogenetic analysis of concatenated mitochondrial (COI‐5P) and chloroplast (rbcL) genes, as well as morphological characteristics, revealed that two are shown to be new species with distant closest relatives (N. erosa and Psaromenia septentrionalis), while the third represents a deep water western Atlantic species now moved to an Australasian genus (A. westii).
Transitory and Enduring Disability Among Urban and Rural People
Authors: Sage Rayna , Ward Bryce , Myers Andrew , Ravesloot Craig 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundDisabilities are not evenly distributed across geography or age, yet few studies on disability have considered these factors. The purpose of this study was to explore rural‐urban differences in disability rates, particularly related to gender and race, and what other rural‐urban disparities help explain these differences.MethodsUtilizing the 2008‐2016 Current Population Survey (CPS), we first examined rural and urban disability trends by gender and race, estimating means and rural‐urban percentage differences for men and women by race and conducting t test analysis to test group differences by age cohort (eg, comparing white, non‐Hispanic, rural 15‐ to 24‐year‐old women to white, non‐Hispanic, urban 15‐ to 24‐year‐old women). We then conducted a logistic regression to explore whether or not the effects of rurality on disability rates could be explained by rural‐urban differences in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.ResultsDescriptively, rural people report disability at higher rates than urban people across nearly all age category, gender, and racial combinations. These differences are more pronounced for nonwhite respondents in middle to older age categories. Additionally, while some of the rural disability disparity can be explained by adding demographic and socioeconomic variables to the logistic regression model, the effect of rurality remains significant.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that when researchers, policy makers, and service providers are addressing rural and urban differences in health and well‐being, self‐reported disability is another factor to consider. Future work should be mindful of how disability and space intersect with gender and race, creating significant disparities for people of color in rural places.
The impact of sleep on complex gross‐motor adaptation in adolescents
Authors: Bothe Kathrin , Hirschauer Franziska , Wiesinger Hans‐Peter , Edfelder Janina , Gruber Georg , Birklbauer Juergen , Hoedlmoser Kerstin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSleep has been shown to facilitate the consolidation of newly acquired motor memories in adults. However, the role of sleep in motor memory consolidation is less clear in children and adolescents, especially concerning real‐life gross‐motor skills. Therefore, we investigated the effects of sleep and wakefulness on a complex gross‐motor adaptation task by using a bicycle with an inverse steering device. A total of 29 healthy adolescents aged between 11 and 14 years (five female) were either trained to ride an inverse steering bicycle (learning condition) or a stationary bicycle (control condition). Training took place in the morning (wake, n = 14) or in the evening (sleep, n = 15) followed by a 9‐hr retention interval and a subsequent re‐test session. Slalom cycling performance was assessed by speed (riding time) and accuracy (standard deviation of steering angle) measures. Behavioural results showed no evidence for sleep‐dependent memory consolidation. However, overnight gains in accuracy were associated with an increase in left hemispheric N2 slow sleep spindle activity from control to learning night. Furthermore, decreases in REM and tonic REM duration were related to higher overnight improvements in accuracy. Regarding speed, an increase in REM and tonic REM duration was favourable for higher overnight gains in riding time. Thus, although not yet detectable on a behavioural level, sleep seemed to play a role in the acquisition of gross‐motor skills. A promising direction for future research is to focus on the possibility of delayed performance gains in adolescent populations.
Sleep and pain interference in individuals with chronic pain in mid‐ to late‐life: The influence of negative and positive affect
Authors: Ravyts Scott G. , Dzierzewski Joseph M. , Raldiris Tarah , Perez Elliottnell 
Published: December 2018

SummaryPoor sleep and chronic pain are known to be interrelated, but the influence of negative and positive affect on this relationship is not fully understood. The present study sought to examine whether negative and positive affect mediate the relationship between sleep and pain interference. Secondary data analysis from Midlife in the United States (MIDUS‐III) was used to examine 948 individuals with chronic pain (mean age = 64.73 years). Sleep disturbance was conceptualized as the sum of self‐reported difficulty with sleep‐onset latency, wake after sleep onset, early morning awakening and daytime sleepiness, and total sleep time was assessed via self‐reported sleep duration. Pain interference was operationalized as the sum of pain‐related interference with general activity, relationships and enjoyment of life. Finally, items from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were used to measure affect. Mediation analyses revealed that sleep disturbance indirectly predicted pain interference via both negative affect (β = 0.15, confidence interval: 0.10, 0.21) and positive affect (β = 0.18, confidence interval: 0.12, 0.25). Similarly, negative (β = −0.003, confidence interval: −0.01, −0.001) and positive affect (β = −0.003, confidence interval: −0.01, −0.001) also mediated the effect between total sleep time and pain interference. This study highlights the unique role of negative and positive affect on pain interference for individuals with chronic pain in mid‐ to late‐life. Additionally, findings suggest that holistic treatment approaches, which assess both sleep and affect in the context of chronic pain, may be beneficial.
Making the simple more complex: the influence of job‐embedded professional development in supporting teacher expertise in reading
Authors: Dennis Danielle , Hemmings Chris 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper explores how job‐embedded professional development supported a Year 1 teacher as he enacted his growing expertise in the teaching of guided reading. By analysing coaching conversations focussed on the teacher's guided reading practices, we studied the way his teaching developed over a 7‐month period. Our findings suggest the teacher gained deeper understandings in the domain of reading, which allowed him to be more responsive to children during guided reading. We discuss the factors that enhanced or inhibited his ability to implement what he learned and offer suggestions for supporting teachers through job‐embedded professional development.
Audiovisual stimulus during urodynamics to provoke detrusor overactivity: A randomized trial
Authors: Shaw Jonathan , Negbenebor Nicole , Wohlrab Kyle , Raker Christine , Sung Vivian 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThis study estimated the effect of adding an audiovisual (AV) intervention during urodynamic evaluation (UDE) on increasing detrusor contractions (DO) versus routine UDE testing without AV cues.MethodsA randomized trial was conducted of women with overactive bladder (OAB) undergoing UDE with and without AV intervention. The AV intervention was a 1‐minute video on continuous loop showing common OAB triggers. A continuous running waterfall provided auditory stimulation. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who had DO on UDE, interpreted by masked clinicians. Secondary outcomes included the number, amplitude, and duration of DO and urinary leakage associated with DO. A sample size of 109 per group was calculated to have 80% power to detect a 20% difference with a significance level of 0.05.ResultsIn all, 109 women each were randomized to standard UDE and to the AV intervention. There was no difference in the proportion of patients with DO on UDE between the intervention and control groups (35% vs 32%, respectively; P = 0.8). Furthermore, there were no differences between the intervention and control groups in leakage with DO on UDE (24% vs 21%, respectively), mean duration of detrusor contractions (23.9 vs 25.3 s, respectively), or mean maximum detrusor pressure during involuntary contractions (18.1 vs 20.6 cm H2O, respectively). Clinical severity of OAB symptoms was not associated with the detection of DO or other UDE parameters.ConclusionsAddition of AV intervention during UDE did not increase the finding of detrusor contractions. The relationship between OAB triggers, urge incontinence, and urodynamic findings remains unclear.
Helium and neon in comet 81P/Wild 2 samples from the NASA Stardust mission
Authors: Palma R. L. , Pepin R. O. , Westphal A. J. , Füri E. , Schlutter D. J. , Gainsforth Z. S. , Frank D. R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHelium and neon distributions are reported for a variety of Stardust comet 81P/Wild 2 samples, including particle tracks and terminal particles, cell surface and subsurface slices from the comet coma and interstellar particle collection trays, and numerous small aerogel blocks extracted from comet cells C2044 and C2086. Discussions and conclusions in several abstracts published during the course of the investigation are included, along with the relevant data. Measured isotope ratios span a broad range, implying a similar range for noble gas carriers in the Wild 2 coma. The meteoritic phase Q‐20Ne/22Ne ratio was observed in several samples. Some of these, and others, exhibit 21Ne excesses too large for attribution to spallation by galactic cosmic ray irradiation, suggesting exposure to a solar proton flux greatly enhanced above current levels in an early near‐Sun environment. Still others display evidence for a solar wind component, particularly one C2086 block with large abundances of isotopically solar‐like helium and neon. Eighty‐nine small aerogel samples were cut from depths up to several millimeters below the cell C2044 surface and several millimeters away from the axis of major track T41. A fraction of these yielded measurable and variable helium and neon abundances and isotope ratios, although none contained visible tracks or carrier particle fragments and their locations were beyond estimated penetration ranges for small particles or ions incident on the cell surface, or for lateral ejecta from T41. Finding plausible emplacement mechanisms and sources for these gases is a significant challenge raised by this study.