bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CellAgeClock for expedited discovery of anti-ageing compounds
Authors: Lujan Celia , Tyler Eleanor J. , Ecker Simone , Webster Amy P. , Stead Eleanor R. , Martinez Miguel Victoria E. , Milligan Deborah , Garbe James C. , Stampfer Martha R. , Beck Stephan , Lowe Robert , Bishop Cleo L. , Bjedov Ivana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe aim to improve anti-ageing drug discovery, currently achieved through laborious and lengthy longevity analysis. Recent studies demonstrated that the most accurate molecular method to measure human age is based on CpG methylation profiles, as exemplified by several epigenetics clocks that can accurately predict an individual’s age. Here, we developed CellAgeClock, a new epigenetic clock that measures subtle ageing changes in primary human cells in vitro. As such, it provides a unique tool to measure effects of relatively short pharmacological treatments on ageing. We validated the CellAgeClock against known longevity drugs such as rapamycin and trametinib. Moreover, we uncovered novel anti-ageing drugs, torin2 and Dactolisib (BEZ-235), demonstrating the value of our approach as a screening and discovery platform for anti-ageing strategies. The CellAgeClock outperforms other epigenetic clocks in measuring subtle ageing changes in primary human cells in culture. The tested drug treatments reduced senescence and other ageing markers, further consolidating our approach as a screening platform. Finally, we show that the novel anti-ageing drugs we uncovered in vitro, indeed increased longevity in vivo. Our method expands the scope of CpG methylation profiling from measuring human chronological and biological age from human samples in years, to accurately and rapidly detecting anti-ageing potential of drugs using human cells in vitro, providing a novel accelerated discovery platform to test sought after geroprotectors.
Corporate social responsibility and future financial performance
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Lari DashtBayaz Mahmoud , Khorashadizadeh Sohila 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditures and firm financial performance in an emerging market.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examine the hypotheses by performing panel data analysis on a sample of 159 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2010–2015.FindingsThe findings suggest that the investment in CSR initiatives is significantly and positively associated with firm financial performance as proxied by changes in return on assets. Moreover, the findings confirm a positive and significant association between CSR expenditures and firm financial performance as proxied by both the future changes in return on assets and the future changes in operating cash flows scaled by total assets.Originality/valueThe present study has examined the relationship between CSR and firm financial performance in a country where, to the authors’ knowledge as in most other developing markets, such a relationship has not been a subject of empirical research. Besides, the use of a three-dimensional measure of financial performance, primarily considering research undertaken in an emerging market, as a valuable contribution may be observed.
A fourth-order accurate finite difference method to evaluate the true transient behaviour of natural convection flow in enclosures
Authors: Balam Nagesh Babu , Gupta Akhilesh 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Modelling accurately the transient behaviour of natural convection flow in enclosures been a challenging task because of a variety of numerical errors which have limited achieving the higher order temporal accuracy. A fourth-order accurate finite difference method in both space and time is proposed to overcome these numerical errors and accurately model the transient behaviour of natural convection flow in enclosures using vorticity–streamfunction formulation.

Design/methodology/approach
Fourth-order wide stencil formula with appropriate one-sided difference extrapolation technique near the boundary is used for spatial discretisation, and classical fourth-order Runge–Kutta scheme is applied for transient term discretisation. The proposed method is applied on two transient case studies, i.e. convection–diffusion of a Gaussian Pulse and Taylor Vortex flow having analytical solution.

Findings
Error magnitude comparison and rate of convergence analysis of the proposed method with these analytical solutions establish fourth-order accuracy and prove the ability of the proposed method to truly capture the transient behaviour of incompressible flow. Also, to test the transient natural convection flow behaviour, the algorithm is tested on differentially heated square cavity at high Rayleigh number in the range of 103-108, followed by studying the transient periodic behaviour in a differentially heated vertical cavity of aspect ratio 8:1. An excellent comparison is obtained with standard benchmark results.

Research limitations/implications
The developed method is applied on 2D enclosures; however, the present methodology can be extended to 3D enclosures using velocity–vorticity formulations which shall be explored in future.

Originality/value
The proposed methodology to achieve fourth-order accurate transient simulation of natural convection flows is novel, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. Stable fourth-order vorticity boundary conditions are derived for boundary and external boundary regions. The selected case studies for comparison demonstrate not only the fourth-order accuracy but also the considerable reduction in error magnitude by increasing the temporal accuracy. Also, this study provides novel benchmark results at five different locations within the differentially heated vertical cavity of aspect ratio 8:1 for future comparison studies.
FE analysis of strain constraint around the crack tip under cyclic loading
Authors: Šedek Jakub , Růžek Roman , Oliva Vladislav 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to deal with the FE analysis of strain constraint around the crack tip under cyclic loading and its utilization using crack growth prediction strip yield model (SYM). During cycling, the constraint develops based on the load history. The monotonic loading is analyzed mostly, but during cyclic loading the conditions are different. The constraint is analyzed after several loading cycles applied in upwards part of the cycle and the formula for its development is proposed.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on the 3D FE analysis of middle-cracked tension specimen M(T). The strain constraint is described by Newman’s factorα. The variability of constraint factorαwas analyzed for several load levels and specimen thicknesses. The crack is considered as non-propagating with straight crack front. The material is modelled as elastic-perfectly plastic. The SYM is modified by implementing variable constraint and the experimental results are compared with the simulation.FindingsIn major part of the loading cycle, it was found by FE analysis, that the constraint factorαgis lower after overloads than when creating monotonic plastic deformation on the same load level. The value ofαgis governed by the ratio of thicknessBover the plastic zone sizerp. By implementing the variable constraint factor into the SYM, the improvement of the predicted specimens lives under variable amplitude loading was shown.Originality/valueThe new phenomenon on the variability of strain constraint during cyclic loading is presented. The development of constraint factorαgduring cyclic loading is different from the monotonic loading and should be accordingly implemented into prediction models.
Inverse kinematics solution and posture optimization of a new redundant hybrid automatic fastening system for aircraft assembly
Authors: Pan Guowei , Chen Wenliang , Wang Hui 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use the redundancy of a new hybrid automatic fastening system (HAFS) for aircraft assembly in the best way.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the kinematic model of HAFS is divided into three sub-models, which are the upper/lower tool and parallel robot. With the geometric coordination relationship, a comprehensive kinematic model of the HAFS is built by mathematically assembling the sub-models based on the DH method. Then, a novel master-slave decoupling strategy for inverse kinematics solution is proposed. With the combination of the minimum energy consumption and the comfortable configuration, a multi-objective redundancy resolution method is developed to optimize the fastening configuration of the HAFS, which keep the HAFS away from the joint-limits and collision avoiding in the aircraft panel assembly process.FindingsAn efficient multi-objective posture optimization algorithm to use the redundancy in the best way is obtained. Simulation and an experiment are used to demonstrate the correctness of the proposed method. Moreover, the position and orientation errors of the drilling holes are within 0.222 mm and 0.356°, which are accurate enough for the automatic fastening in aircraft manufacturing.Practical implicationsThis method has been used in the HAFS control system, and the practical results show the aircraft components can be fastened automatically through this method with high efficiency and high quality.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a comprehensive kinematic model and a novel decoupling strategy for inverse kinematic solution of the HAFS, which provides a reference to utilize the redundancy in the best way for a hybrid machine with redundant function.
Electrochemical oxidative degradation of indigo wastewater based on chlorine-containing system
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lv Weiwei , Li Xiaoyan , Yao Jiming 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
In this study, the oxidative degradation performance of indigo wastewater based on electrochemical systems was explored. The decolourization degrees, removal rate of chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand of the indigo wastewater after degradation were evaluated and optimized treatment conditions being obtained.

Design/methodology/approach
The single factor method was first used to select the electrolyte system and electrode materials. Then the response surface analysis based on Box–Behnken Design was chosen to determine the influence of four independent variables such as FeCl3 concentration, NaCl concentration, decolourization time and voltage on the degradation efficiency.

Findings
On the basis of single factor experiment, the electrode material of stainless steel was selected in the double cell, and the indigo wastewater was electrolyzed with FeCl3 and NaCl electrolytes. The process conditions of electrochemical degradation of indigo wastewater were optimized by response surface analysis: the concentration of FeCl3 and NaCl was of 16 and 9 g/L, respectively, with a decolourization time of 50 min, voltage of 10 V and decolourization percentage of 98.94. The maximum removal rate of chemical oxygen demand reached 75.46 per cent. The highest ratio of B/C was 3.77, which was considered to be more biodegradable.

Research limitations/implications
Dyeing wastewater is bringing out more and more pollution problems to the environment. However, there are some shortcomings in traditional technologies such as adsorption and filtration. As a kind of efficient and clean water treatment technology, electrochemical oxidation has been applied to the treatments of various types of wastewater. The decolourization and degradation of indigo wastewater is taken as an example to provide reference for the treatment of wastewater in actual plants.

Practical implications
The developed method provided a simple and practical solution for efficiently degrading indigo wastewater.

Originality/value
The method for the electrochemical oxidation technology was novel and could find numerous applications in the degradation of printing and dyeing wastewater.
Occupational therapist use of the ‘Timed Up and Go’ test in a Memory Clinic to compare performance between cognitive diagnoses and screen for falls risk
Authors: Harper Kristie J. , Riley Vera , Petta Antonio , Jacques Angela , Spendier Nicholas , Ingram Katharine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionOccupational therapists assess older patients attending Memory Clinics to address multiple facets, including memory, activities of daily living function, mobility and falls risk. Identifying deficits in motor and functional abilities represents a crucial and necessary component of cognitive diagnosis. The aim of this research was to compare performance on the TUG between patients with normal (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.MethodsA prospective single‐blind single‐centre cohort study was conducted in a Memory Clinic. Patients underwent comprehensive medical assessment, including the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) to determine a cognitive diagnosis. The occupational therapist, blinded to any diagnosis, completed the TUG.ResultsA total of 158 patients aged 60 years and older were recruited. The average TUG was 15.4 s, which was similar between men and women (p = .87). A TUG greater than ≥14 s was significantly associated with the use of a walking aid (p ≤ .001). The TUG increased with age and a slower TUG was associated with a greater number of previous falls (p = .023). The TUG did not significantly differ between patients with dementia, MCI and NC (p = .095). However, there was a significant difference comparing patients with NC and MCI (14.3 s) to those with dementia (16.4 s) (p = .048). There was a significant weak negative correlation between the MMSE and the TUG of −0.253 (p = .003). Univariate models showed that a patient's ability to ambulate independently contributed to 33% of the variance in the TUG, whereas previous falls contributed to 4%, highlighting the importance of physical function and intervention to target this.ConclusionA simple TUG test should be considered for use by occupational therapists in a Memory Clinic to screen patients at risk of falling. Patients diagnosed with dementia have a significantly slower TUG. However, this tool cannot assist with the early detection of patients with MCI.
Why Right‐Leaning Populism has Grown in the Most Advanced Liberal Democracies of Europe
Authors: Grindheim Jan Erik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImmigration and new class divisions, combined with a growing anti‐elitism and political correctness, are often used as explanations for the strong gains for right‐leaning populist parties in national elections across Europe in recent years. But contrary to what we might assume, such parties have been very successful in the most developed and comprehensive welfare states, in nations—such as the Nordic countries—with the best scores on economic equality and social inclusion and long established political and judicial institutions enjoying a high degree of popular legitimacy. As argued in this article, this seems to happen because a duopoly of the centre‐left and centre‐right political establishment has kept issues such as immigration and new class divisions off the public agenda and hence paved the way for right‐leaning ‘disruptor’ populist parties with an anti‐immigration agenda in times of increasing immigration.
Quality and Sensory Study of Fresh Sour Cherry Juices Upon Cultivar, Growing Area and Weather Conditions
Authors: Repajić Maja , Puškar Boris , Dugalić Krunoslav , Vahčić Nada , Srečec Siniša , Dragović‐Uzelac Verica , Jurković Zorica , Levaj Branka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFreshly squeezed sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) juices of Maraska Brač (BR), Maraska MA (MA), Oblačinska 18 (18), Oblačinska Osječka (OS), Rexelle (REX), Heimann conserved (HEI), and Kelleris 16 (KEL) grown in different climate regions (Mediterranean and continental) in two consecutive harvest years were analyzed for quality and sensory properties. Obtained results showed that investigated sources of variation (cultivar, growing area, harvest year) significantly influenced physical, chemical, and sensory properties of tested juices. All juices had high soluble solids (SS) (17.26% to 25.89%), especially BR (24.19%), MA (25.89%), 18 (24.66%), and OS (23.61%). Juices also had considerable total phenols (TP) content (2.19 to 5.87 mg GAE ml−1) and antioxidant capacity (AC) (0.020 to 0.045 mmol TE mL−1) with BR, MA, REX, and HEI containing the highest amounts of bioactive compounds (BR = 5.87 mg GAE mL−1, MA = 5.68 mg GAE mL−1, REX = 4.42 mg GAE mL−1, HEI = 4.27 mg GAE mL−1). Sensory evaluation showed that all juices had satisfying sensory profiles with BR, MA, 18, OS, and KEL juices scoring particularly high (5.3 to 8.9 of 10) in desirable sensory properties (color intensity [CI], sour cherry taste [SCT], harmonious taste [HT], taste fullness [TF], sour cherry odor [SCO], and viscosity [V]) of fresh sour cherry cloudy juice. Juices from Mediterranean area achieved higher values for SS, pH, SS/TA ratio, TP, AC, SCT, HT, TF, SCO, and V compared to continental zone juices. Harvest year with higher temperatures and less rainfall also resulted in higher SS, pH, TP, and AC as well as stronger expression of desirable sensory properties.Practical ApplicationThe results of this study provide an insight into sour cherry potential for use in functional food products, including today's popular smoothies, since it is fruit rich with health contributing compounds and possesses desirable sensory characteristics (color intensity, sour cherry taste, harmonious taste, taste fullness, sour cherry odor, and viscosity) at the same time, which can differ due to cultivar, climate diversity as well as weather conditions.
Postoperative quality and safety using Efficacy Safety Score (ESS) and a wireless patient monitoring system at the ward: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Skraastad Erlend Johan , Borchgrevink Petter Christian , Nilsen Tom Ivar L. , Ræder Johan 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundPostoperative pain, side‐effects and time to mobilisation are indicators for the quality of postoperative recovery. The aim of this randomised controlled study was to investigate if efficacy safety score (ESS) combined with a wireless patient monitoring system would improve these clinical outcomes for patients at a general surgical ward.MethodsThe trial included 195 patients randomised to a standard care group (SC‐Group) or intervention group (INT‐Group) receiving continuous wireless monitoring of vital signs combined with ESS during the first 24 postoperative hours. The primary outcome was time to mobilisation. Secondary outcomes were average pain, doses of postoperative opioids, unscheduled interventions, side‐effects, patient satisfaction and length of hospital stay (LOS).ResultsMean time to postoperative mobilisation was 10.1 hours for patients in the INT‐Group compared to 14.2 hours in the SC‐Group; this corresponds to an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.54 (95% confidence interval 1.04‐2.28). INT‐Group patients received a higher dose of oral morphine equivalents; 26 mg vs 15 mg, P < .001; reported lower intensity of pain on a 0‐10 scale; 2.1 vs 3.3, P < .001; and had higher patient satisfaction on a 5‐point scale; 4.9 vs 4.3, P < .001. The LOS was similar between the groups; 71 hours in INT‐Group vs 77 hours in SC‐Group, P = .58. No serious side‐effects were registered in INT‐Group, whereas two were registered in SC‐Group.ConclusionsIntroducing ESS as a decision tool combined with a wireless monitoring system resulted in less pain, increased satisfaction and more rapid mobilisation for patients in this study.Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03438578.
The call to endless adventure: The dynamic unending ascent into God and virtual worlds
Authors: Wise Joshua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article brings together the ideas of Epektasis, dynamic heavenly hierarchy, and adventure to discuss the nature of the expected heavenly new creation. Considering the idea of Epektasis as a never‐ending upward striving into God understood through the work of Joseph Campbell, adventure is used as a descriptive analogy for this process of delving more deeply into God as a community. Virtual worlds, especially video games, are presented as a contemporary metaphor for the invitation to adventure offered by a community's vision of joy and engagement with creation.
Evidence that the multiflorine‐derived substituted quinazolidine 55P0251 augments insulin secretion and lowers blood glucose via antagonism at α2‐adrenoceptors in mice
Authors: Lehner Zsuzsanna , Stadlbauer Karin , Brunmair Barbara , Adorjan Immanuel , Genov Miroslav , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra , Scherer Thomas , Scheinin Mika , Bauer Leonhardt , Fürnsinn Clemens 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate the mechanism of action of 55P0251, a novel multiflorine‐derived substituted quinazolidine that augments insulin release and lowers blood glucose in rodents, but does not act via mechanisms addressed by any antidiabetic agent in clinical use.Materials and MethodsUsing male mice, we determined the effects of 55P0251 on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion from isolated islets and blood oxygen saturation, including head‐to‐head comparison of 55P0251 to its inverted enantiomer 55P0250, as well as to other anti‐hyperglycaemic multiflorine derivatives discovered in our programme.Results55P0251 was clearly superior to its inverted enantiomer in the glucose tolerance test (area under the curve: 11.3 mg/kg 55P0251, 1.19 ± 0.04 min*mol/L vs 55P0250, 1.80 ± 0.04 min*mol/L; P < .0001). For insulin release in vitro, this superiority became visible only under concomitant adrenergic background stimulation (glucose‐stimulated insulin release, fmol*islet−1*30 min−1: without α2‐adrenoceptor agonist: 500 μmol/L 55P0251, 390 ± 34, vs 55P0250, 459 ± 40, nonsignificant; with α2‐adrenoceptor agonist: 250 μmol/L 55P0251, 138 ± 9, vs 55P0250, 21 ± 6; P < .0001). Since receptor binding assays suggested antagonism at α2A‐adrenoceptors as a potential mechanism of action, we measured oxygen saturation in capillary blood from the tail as a surrogate of vasoconstriction, which supported α2‐antagonistic action in vivo (90 mg/kg 55P0251, 83 ± 3%, vs 55P0250, 57 ± 3%; P < .0001). Lack of association between glucose‐lowering activities and α2A‐adrenoceptor binding affinity arising from comparison of multiflorine derivatives was attributed to differences in their pharmacokinetic properties.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that 55P0251 and related multiflorine derivatives are to be categorized as α2‐adrenoceptor antagonists with potential to lower blood glucose by blocking α2A‐adrenoceptors on pancreatic β cells.