bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquired Velopharyngeal Dysfunction: Survey, Literature Review, and Clinical Recommendations
Authors: Guyton Kelsey B. , Sandage Mary J. , Bailey Dallin , Haak Nancy , Molt Lawrence , Plumb Allison 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical assessment recommendations for acquired velopharyngeal dysfunction (AVPD) and, through a literature review and online survey, summarize current practice patterns for evaluation and treatment pathway determination for this target population.MethodAn online survey to query current assessment procedures and treatment pathway recommendations for AVPD was developed. Following survey results, a literature review was completed to determine evidence-based recommendations for assessment procedures and intervention recommendations based on assessment findings. Literature search terms included the following:acquired velopharyngeal dysfunction, hypernasality, non–cleft velopharyngeal dysfunction, velopharyngeal dysfunction, velopharyngeal dysfunction AND iatrogenic, velopharyngeal dysfunction AND neurogenic, velopharyngeal dysfunction AND assessment OR evaluation, velopharyngeal dysfunction AND treatment OR intervention, velopharyngeal dysfunction AND practice patterns OR clinical guidelines, velopharyngeal insufficiency.Inclusion criteria were limited to practice patterns/recommendations for assessment and/or treatment recommendations for AVPD, English language articles published between 2000 and 2017, and peer-reviewed journals. Studies regarding solely congenital or cleft palate velopharyngeal dysfunction and intervention outcome studies were excluded. Forty articles met inclusionary criteria.ResultsThe online survey results indicated lack of consensus for AVPD assessment and treatment recommendation protocols, with 93% of respondents indicating the need for a clinical guide for developing treatment recommendations. The majority of recommendations were filtered into an algorithm for clinical decision making.ConclusionsClinical uncertainty among speech-language pathologists surveyed and the paucity of published clinical guidelines for assessing individuals with AVPD indicate the need for additional clinical research for this disorder, one that is heterogeneous and distinct from those with congenital velopharyngeal dysfunction. The proposed evidence-based clinical worksheet may assist in determining management for patients with AVPD and may serve as a starting place for validation of a clinical guideline.
The Impact of Exposure With No Training: Implications for Future Partner Training Research
Authors: Kagan Aura , Simmons-Mackie Nina , Victor J. Charles 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This research note reports on an unexpected negative finding related to behavior change in a controlled trial designed to test whether partner training improves the conversational skills of volunteers.

Method
The clinical trial involving training in “Supported Conversation for Adults with Aphasia” utilized a single-blind, randomized, controlled, pre–post design. Eighty participants making up 40 dyads of a volunteer conversation partner and an adult with aphasia were randomly allocated to either an experimental or control group of 20 dyads each. Descriptive statistics including exact 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the percentage of control group participants who got worse after exposure to individuals with aphasia.

Results
Positive outcomes of training in Supported Conversation for Adults with Aphasia for both the trained volunteers and their partners with aphasia were reported by Kagan, Black, Felson Duchan, Simmons-Mackie, and Square in 2001. However, post hoc data analysis revealed that almost one third of untrained control participants had a negative outcome rather than the anticipated neutral or slightly positive outcome.

Conclusions
If the results of this small study are in any way representative of what happens in real life, communication partner training in aphasia becomes even more important than indicated from the positive results of training studies. That is, it is possible that mere exposure to a communication disability such as aphasia could have negative impacts on communication and social interaction. This may be akin to what is known as a “nocebo” effect—something for partner training studies in aphasia to take into account.
Characterisation and investigation of antibacterial properties of nylon 66/TPS/Ag NPs nanofibre membranes
Authors: Allafchian Alireza , Jalali Seyed Amir Hossein , Kabirzadeh Navida 
Published: September 2018

Electrospinning method was used to prepare nylon 66 nanofibre membranes in solution mixed with chloroform/formic acid. These nanofibres were covered with (3‐mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (TPS) that has a sulphur group, making it a suitable host for Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Spraying of the as‐prepared nylon 66/TPS surface first with silver nitrate solution and then scattering with a mixture of N2H4/NaBH4 used as reducing agents during the second process provides nanofibres with nylon 66/TPS/Ag NPs structure. Characterisation of the formed nanofibres was studied by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The non‐woven polyurethane coated with activated carbon particles and polyethylene mesh was utilised as the substrate and protective layers of as‐prepared nanofibres, respectively. Finally, the antibacterial activity of nanofibre membranes against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria was investigated by using the disk diffusion method and it was shown that the newly synthesised nanofibres presented very good antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. The results of this study can be used for industrial applications such as antibacterial wound dressings or/and water disinfection filters.
Ultrasound Evaluation of Testicular Volume in Patients with Testicular Microlithiasis
Authors: Pedersen Malene , Osther Palle , Rafaelsen Søren 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Purpose Ultrasonography is a useful tool to measure testicular volume. According to the European Society of Urogenital Radiology, the combination of testicular atrophy and testicular microlithiasis (TML) is a risk factor for testicular cancer. Testicular atrophy is defined as a volume of less than 12 ml. The aim of this study was to compare testicular volume in patients with TML to patients with normal testicular tissue.
Materials and Methods From 2013 to 2015 we included a total of 91 adult patients with TML, and 91 adult patients with normal testicular tissue as a control group. All patients underwent scrotal B-mode ultrasound investigation including measurement of width, length and height in both testicles. Testicular volume was calculated using the formula π/6×length×height×width.
Results The median age for patients with TML was 48 years (range: 19-94 years), and 48 years (range: 20–75 years) in patients with normal tissue. No statistically significant difference was found between total testicular volume (both testes) >30 ml in patients with TML compared to patients without (OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.43-1.38, p=0.37). However, patients with TML tended to have lower testicular volume compared to patients without TML, when investigating testicular volume below 12 ml.
Conclusion Overall, no association was found between testicular volume and TML, but there was a trend indicating that severe atrophy is often seen in patients with TML compared to patients without TML. However, a significant difference was only found in testicular volume ≤8 ml.
Emergency Physicians' Perceived Influence of EHR Use on Clinical Workflow and Performance Metrics
Authors: Denton Courtney , Soni Hiral , Kannampallil Thomas , Serrichio Anna , Shapiro Jason , Traub Stephen , Patel Vimla 
Published: September 2018

Objective Over the last decade, electronic health records (EHRs) have shaped clinical practice. In this article, we investigated the perceived effects of EHR use on clinical workflow and meaningful use (MU) performance metrics.
Materials and Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 (n = 20) physicians at two urban emergency departments. Interview questions focused on time spent on EHR use, changes in clinical practices with EHR use, and the effect of MU performance metrics on clinical workflow. Qualitative coding using grounded theory and descriptive analyses were performed to provide descriptive insights.
Results Physicians reported that EHRs improved their clinical workflow, especially on MU-related activities including door-to-doctor time and admit decision time. EHR use also affected physicians work efficiency, quality of care provided, and overall patient safety.
Conclusion Physicians' perception of EHRs is likely to influence their practices. With negative perceptions of EHR usability problems, positive aspects of EHR use, including the influence on MU performance metrics, may be overridden.
Atraumatic Bucket Handle Abnormality of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex in an Adolescent
Authors: Vanlaer Leen , Kellens Sebastiaan , Van Nuffel Maarten 
Published: September 2018

Background Congenital abnormalities of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) are rare and could be mistaken for a traumatic lesion. It is important to recognize these anatomical variations and to realize they do not always require treatment.
Case Description An incidental finding of an atraumatic bucket handle abnormality of the TFCC in a 15-year-old male, who was treated arthroscopically for dorsal wrist pain. This structure was resected, thus obtaining a normal looking peripheral TFCC.
Literature Review Literature regarding congenital abnormalities of the TFCC is limited to a meniscoid articular disc or a congenital perforation. To our knowledge, an atraumatic bucket handle abnormality has not been described yet.
Clinical Relevance This congenital abnormality of the TFCC could be mistaken for a traumatic lesion on MRI, or during wrist arthroscopy; therefore, it is important to realize that this entity may occur and does not require treatment.
Relocation of Maternal–Fetal Medicine Specialists in the United States
Authors: Rayburn William , Perez Jose , Xierali Imam 
Published: September 2018

Objective To examine patterns in relocation of maternal–fetal medicine (MFM) specialists during the recent 10 years.
Study Design This descriptive study analyzed the migration of MFM specialists between 2006 and 2016 based on county locations. Year-to-year comparisons of physicians in active clinical practice were performed. Demographic and county characteristics were gathered from three data resources. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with relocation.
Results An average of 7.4% (5.5–10.8%) of all 1,104 (1,103–1,115) MFM specialists moved per year. Approximately one in three (36%) relocated during the 10 years, usually once or twice. The likelihood of relocation was higher if the physician was younger, especially under 40 years compared with those aged 60 years and older (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–3.19). No differences were noted based on gender and race/ethnicity. Physicians in independent group practices were more inclined to relocate, especially when compared with those in a solo or two-physician practice (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.27–0.54). Relocations were primarily between urban counties (95.9%) and showed a significant regional pattern.
Conclusion Approximately one in three MFM specialists relocated in the past 10 years, mostly between urban counties and especially in independent group practices.
Konversionsstörungen
Authors: Kapfhammer H.-P. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit funktionellen neurologischen Störungen sind nach wie vor eine häufige diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung in der neurologischen Praxis. Das Konzept der Konversionsstörung ist gut verankert. Die Diagnose wird anhand einer sorgfältigen klinischen Statuserhebung, zusätzlicher apparativer Untersuchungen und typischer positiver Zeichen, aber meist ohne eine explizite psychologische Begründung gestellt. Das neue DSM 5 hat zwei früher entscheidende Diagnosekriterien, nämlich das psychologische Stressor-Kriterium einerseits, das Ausschluss-Kriterium einer bewussten Simulation andererseits aufgegeben. Es soll künftig lediglich ein Typus mit und ohne psychologische Stressoren unterschieden werden. Speziell im Bereich der Konsiliarpsychiatrie und –psychosomatik ist eine enge Kooperation mit der Neurologie in der Betreuung dieser Patientengruppe anzustreben. Eine detaillierte Kenntnis der klinischen Phänomenologie ist grundlegende Voraussetzung. Ein biopsychosoziales Störungsmodell für das Verständnis der funktionellen neurologischen Störungen ist zu fordern. Gerade angesichts der großen Gruppe von Patienten mit chronischen Verläufen und erheblichen psychosozialen Behinderungen besteht nach wie vor ein großer Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich empirisch erprobter und in der klinischen Praxis tauglicher Therapieansätze.
Psychodynamisch-interpersonelle Therapie bei somatoformen Störungen
Authors: Sattel H. , Henningsen P. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDer aktuelle psychodynamische Ansatz zur Behandlung mehrfacher und beeinträchtigender somatoformer Beschwerden beruht auf einem interpersonellen Modell. Die Disposition, diese Körperbeschwerden zu erleben, wird durch mangelnde Fähigkeiten zur Differenzierung vor allem negativer Affekte und körperlicher Empfindungen begründet. Diese Fähigkeiten konnten in frühen Abschnitten der Mutter-Kind-Beziehung nicht ausreichend erlebt und so erfolgreiche Bewältigungsstrategien nicht erworben werden. Charakteristisch für diese Patienten sind eine überproportional starke funktionelle Beeinträchtigung in Alltag, dysfunktionale Krankheitsannahmen und Verhaltenstendenzen (katastrophisierendes Denken, Vermeidungsverhalten, häufige Arztbesuche und Behandlerwechsel), latente oder manifeste psychische Komorbidität sowie eine als schwierig erlebte Arzt-Patient-Beziehung. Die Wirksamkeit psychodynamisch-interpersoneller Therapie (PISO) konnte in einer umfangreichen multizentrischen randomisierten Studie nachgewiesen werden. In der Anfangsphase erfolgt eine Legitimierung der Beschwerden, ergänzt um eine psychoedukative Vermittlung physiologischer Stressmodelle und weitere spezifische Techniken. In der Hauptphase wird eine Verbindung zwischen Körperbeschwerde und Affekt hergestellt, wobei primär interpersonelle Erfahrungen und Konflikte als Ausgangspunkt gewählt werden. So erwirbt der Patient neue, angemessenere und dadurch langfristig erfolgreichere Erfahrungen im Umgang mit seinem Körper und seinen Beschwerden.
Epidemiologie anorektischer und bulimischer Essstörungen
Authors: Fichter M. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungPrävalenz und Inzidenz (Neuerkrankungsrate) von Anorexia nervosa (AN) nahmen ab den 1930er-Jahren bis in die 1970er-Jahre zu. Die Diagnosen von Bulimia nervosa (BN) (1980) und Binge-Eating-Störung (BES) (1994) wurden erst später eingeführt. Die Lifetime-Prävalenz für AN für junge Frauen beträgt ca. 0,5%, die für BN für junge Frauen ca. 1,5% und für BES ca. 3% für Frauen und 2% für Männer. Diese Zahlen basieren auf den DSM-IV-Kriterien. Die jährliche Inzidenzrate für AN pro 100 000 Personen in der Bevölkerung liegt bei ca. 50 bei jungen Frauen, für BN bei jungen Frauen (ausgeschlossen Zwillinge) zwischen 20 und 50. Die Mortalität ist besonders für AN sehr hoch, weniger für BN und BES. In Entwicklungsländern ist die Prävalenz für AN und BN sehr niedrig, allerdings nehmen die Raten dort zu. Bei schwarzen Frauen in den USA und den Karibischen Inseln gibt es sehr selten AN.
Schule als Setting zur Prävention psychischer Störungen
Authors: Conrad I. , Riedel-Heller S. G. , Corrieri S. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungPsychische Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sind verbreitet und folgenschwer. Schulen sind aufgrund der Komplementarität bildungsrelevanter Kompetenzen und psychischer Gesundheit ein zentrales Setting für Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt wissenschaftlich evaluierte Projekte zur Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit im Setting Schule vor. Die Beispiele guter Praxis des Vereins Irrsinnig Menschlich machen deutlich, dass die Kombination aus Wissensvermittlung mit Materialien/Medien und persönlichem Kontakt zu Betroffenen eine positive Wirkung bzgl. des Abbaus von Stigmatisierung sowie der Sensibilisierung junger Menschen für Themen der psychischen Gesundheit hat. Als Weiterentwicklung dieser Ansätze soll der Schulcoach Schulen unterstützen, bisher ungenutzte Potenziale zu aktivieren und selbstständig nachhaltige Lösungen zu erarbeiten, um Prävention in der Schule von innen heraus zu verankern und zu gestalten. Eine verbesserte Struktur der Gesundheitsförderung würde eine breitere Implementierung von Förderprogrammen im schulischen Setting ermöglichen. Einer lange überfälligen gesetzlichen Verankerung der Prävention zur Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit sollten konkrete Maßnahmenkataloge folgen.
TRIM21 mediates antibody inhibition of adenovirus-based gene delivery and vaccination
Authors: Bottermann Maria , Foss Stian , van Tienen Laurens M. , Vaysburd Marina , Cruickshank James , O’Connell Kevin , Clark Jessica , Mayes Keith , Higginson Katie , Hirst Jack C. , McAdam Martin B. , Slodkowicz Greg , Hutchinson Edward , Kozik Patrycja , Andersen Jan Terje , James Leo C. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Viral-based delivery vectors have huge potential in the treatment of human disease. Adenoviral vectors specifically have proven highly efficacious in delivering corrected genes, as part of gene therapy, and vaccine epitopes for treating cancer and infectious disease. A principal obstacle to their widespread use is that antibodies potently neutralize them, limiting treatment to naïve patients. How antibodies block adenovirus-based transduction has long remained a mystery because, even though they prevent transgene expression, they do not prevent transgene delivery into target tissue. Here we show that the cytosolic antibody receptor TRIM21 is responsible for intercepting adenoviral gene therapy and vaccine vectors and neutralizing them. Gene KO of TRIM21 or a single-antibody mutation that prevents interaction is sufficient to restore transgene expression.
Dissociation of Appetitive Overexpectation and Extinction in the Infralimbic Cortex
Authors: Lay Belinda P P , Nicolosi Melissa , Usypchuk Alexandra A , Esber Guillem R , Iordanova Mihaela D 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Behavioral change is paramount to adaptive behavior. Two ways to achieve alterations in previously established behavior are extinction and overexpectation. The infralimbic (IL) portion of the medial prefrontal cortex controls the inhibition of previously established aversive behavioral responses in extinction. The role of the IL cortex in behavioral modification in appetitive Pavlovian associations remains poorly understood. Here, we seek to determine if the IL cortex modulates overexpectation and extinction of reward learning. Using overexpectation or extinction to achieve a reduction in behavior, the present findings uncover a dissociable role for the IL cortex in these paradigms. Pharmacologically inactivating the IL cortex left overexpectation intact. In contrast, pre-training manipulations in the IL cortex prior to extinction facilitated the reduction in conditioned responding but led to a disrupted extinction retrieval on test drug-free. Additional studies confirmed that this effect is restricted to the IL and not dependent on the dorsally-located prelimbic cortex. Together, these results show that the IL cortex underlies extinction but not overexpectation-driven reduction in behavior, which may be due to regulating the expression of conditioned responses influenced by stimulus–response associations rather than stimulus–stimulus associations.
Scientific instrument collections in the creation of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich
Authors: Dunn Richard , Barford Megan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper considers the role of private collections in the formation of the scientific instrument collection of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. Thanks largely to the support of a rich shipping owner, James Caird, and guided by its first director, Geoffrey Callender, the museum was able voraciously to collect objects of all types in the two decades after its foundation in the 1930s. Concentrating on the acquisition by purchase and through loan of four substantial groups of instruments previously in private hands, the paper considers the museum’s motives and some of their consequences with respect to the collecting of scientific instruments; it also addresses questions concerning the scope and nature of the relationship between the scientific and the maritime in the creation of a new national museum.
ELEVATION OF GAMMA DOSE RATE BY CONSTRUCTION OF THE ASIAN HIGHWAY 3 (AH3) BETWEEN ULAANBAATAR AND SAINSHAND, MONGOLIA
Authors: Omori Yasutaka , Sorimachi Atsuyuki , Gun-Aajav Manlaijav , Enkhgerel Nyamdavaa , Oyunbolor Galnemekh , Palam Enkhtuya , Yamada Chieri 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The present study aimed at examining changes of gamma radiation level associated with road construction in Mongolia. A car-borne survey of gamma dose rate was made for a paved, ~450-km long part of the Asian Highway 3 between Ulaanbaatar and Sainshand. The gamma dose rates ranged from 48 to 173 nGy/h. Elevation of the gamma dose rates was observed only on a 86-km long segment of the survey route which was newly constructed from 2011 to 2013. The gamma dose rates over the newer paved segment were twice as high as those over the bare dirt surface alongside it. Outdoor measurements of gamma-ray pulse height distributions also indicated an abundance of natural radionuclides, especially 232Th-series elements in road materials. These findings suggest that the gamma dose rates were elevated by introduction of road materials containing large amounts of natural radionuclides.
Assessing the utility of minority variant composition in elucidating RSV transmission pathways
Authors: Githinji George , Agoti Charles N. , Kibinge Nelson , Henson Sonal , Munywoki Patrick , Brand Samuel , Medley Graham , Cane Patricia , Cotten Matthew , Nokes D. James , Worby Colin J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractReconstructing transmission pathways and defining the underlying determinants of virus diversity is critical for developing effective control measures. Whole genome consensus sequences represent the dominant virus subtype which does not provide sufficient information to resolve transmission events for rapidly spreading viruses with overlapping generations. We explored whether the within-host diversity of respiratory syncytial virus quantified from deep sequence data provides additional resolution to inform on who acquires infection from whom based on shared minor variants in samples that comprised epidemiological clusters and that shared similar genetic background. We report that RSV-A infections are characterized by low frequency diversity that occurs across the genome. Shared minor variant patterns alone, were insufficient to elucidate transmission chains within household members. However, they provided inference on potential transmission links where phylogenetic methods were uninformative of transmission when consensus sequences were identical. Interpretation of minor variant patterns was tractable only for small household outbreaks.