bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival after a cancer diagnosis among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States
Authors: D’Arcy Monica E. , Coghill Anna E. , Lynch Charles F. , Koch Lori A. , Li Jie , Pawlish Karen S. , Morris Cyllene R. , Rao Chandrika , Engels Eric A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransplant recipients have an elevated risk of cancer because of immunosuppressive medications used to prevent organ rejection, but to the authors’ knowledge no study to date has comprehensively examined associations between transplantation status and mortality after a cancer diagnosis.MethodsThe authors assessed cases in the US general population (N=7,147,476) for 16 different cancer types as ascertained from 11 cancer registries. The presence of a solid organ transplant prior to diagnosis (N=11,416 cancer cases) was identified through linkage with the national transplantation registry (1987‐2014). Cox models were used to examine the association between transplantation status and cancer‐specific mortality, adjusting for demographic characteristics and cancer stage.ResultsFor the majority of cancers, cancer‐specific mortality was higher in transplant recipients compared with other patients with cancer. The increase was particularly pronounced for melanoma (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.59; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.18‐3.00) and cancers of the breast (aHR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.61‐2.19), bladder (aHR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.58‐2.17), and colorectum (aHR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.60‐1.96), but it also was increased for cancers of the oral cavity/pharynx, stomach, pancreas, kidney, and lung as well as diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (aHR range, 1.21‐1.47). Associations remained significant after adjustment for first‐course cancer treatment and generally were stronger among patients with local‐stage cancers for whom potentially curative treatment was provided, including patients with melanoma (aHR, 3.82; 95% CI, 2.94‐4.97) and cancers of the colorectum (aHR, 2.77; 95% CI, 2.07‐3.70), breast (aHR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.50‐2.88), and prostate (aHR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.12‐2.29), despite the lack of an association for prostate cancer overall.ConclusionsFor multiple cancer types, transplant recipients with cancer appear to have an elevated risk of dying of their cancer, even after adjustment for stage and treatment, which may be due to impaired immunity.
Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with adverse features and variant histology at radical cystectomy for muscle‐invasive carcinoma of the bladder: Does histologic subtype matter?
Authors: Berg Sebastian , D’Andrea David , Vetterlein Malte W. , Cole Alexander P. , Fletcher Sean A. , Krimphove Marieke J. , Marchese Maya , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Sonpavde Guru , Noldus Joachim , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Kibel Adam S. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Mossanen Matthew 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe use of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in pure urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is established. Regarding variant histology, there is a gap in knowledge concerning the optimal treatment after radical cystectomy (RC). The objective of this study was to assess the effect of AC on overall survival (OS) in patients who had pure urothelial carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma with concomitant variant histology, or another pure variant histology.MethodsWithin the National Cancer Data Base, 15,397 patients who underwent RC for nonmetastatic, localized carcinoma of the bladder and had positive lymph nodes (T2N+) or locally advanced stage (≥T3N0/N+) were identified, excluding those who had previously received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to examine the specific effect of AC on OS stratified by each distinct histologic subtype, including pure urothelial carcinoma, micropapillary or sarcomatoid differentiation, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumors. To account for immortal time bias, Cox regression analyses and Kaplan‐Meier analyses were conducted with a landmark at 3 months.ResultsIn multivariable landmark analyses, AC compared with initial observation was associated with an OS benefit for patients who had pure urothelial carcinoma (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.82‐0.91), whereas no differences were observed with regard to those who had variant histology.ConclusionsMultivariable Cox regression landmark analysis revealed a survival benefit from AC for patients with a pure urothelial carcinoma. However, a survival benefit of AC for patients who had urothelial carcinoma with concomitant variant histology or other pure variant histology was not demonstrated.
Considering the effects of temperature × nutrient interactions on the thermal response curve of carrying capacity
Authors: Lemoine Nathan P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractClimate warming will likely destabilize populations or drive consumers locally extinct. These predictions arise from consumer–resource models incorporating temperature‐dependent parameters, and the accuracy of these predictions hinges on the validity of temperature scalings for each parameter. Among all parameters, carrying capacity (K) is the most ill‐defined and the temperature scaling of this parameter has no empirically verified foundation. Most studies assume that K declines exponentially with warming, but others have assumed a positive or no relationship between K and temperature. Here, I developed a theoretical foundation for a temperature scaling of K based on physiological principles of temperature and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth. The trade‐off between thermodynamics and nutrient uptake yields a unimodal thermal response curve for K, and this prediction is supported by empirical data on both phytoplankton and insects. Analyses of consumer–resource models demonstrate the primacy of K in determining predictions of coexistence and stability. Since K exerts a dominant influence on model predictions, ecologists should carefully consider the temperature scaling of K for the species and region in question to ensure accurate estimates of population stability and extinction risk.
Transcriptomes of human mesenchymal cells isolated from the right ventricle and epicardial fat differ strikingly both directly after isolation and long‐term culture
Authors: Stępniewski Jacek , Florczyk‐Soluch Urszula , Szade Krzysztof , Bukowska‐Strakova Karolina , Czapla Justyna , Matuszczak Sybilla , Jarosz‐Biej Magdalena , Langrzyk Agnieszka , Tomczyk Mateusz , Rumieńczyk Izabela , Kulecka Maria , Mikuła Michał , Ostrowski Jerzy , Jaźwa‐Kusior Agnieszka , Zembala Marian , Józkowicz Alicja , Zembala Michał Oskar , Dulak Józef 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsMesenchymal stromal cells isolated from different tissues are claimed to demonstrate similar therapeutic potential and are often incorrectly named mesenchymal stem cells. However, through comparison of such cells is lacking. This study aimed to compare the transcriptome of mesenchymal cells of the same phenotype isolated from the heart muscle and epicardial fat of the same patient, before and after culture.Methods and resultsCells were isolated from biopsies of the right ventricle and epicardial fat collected from five patients (three men and two women, mean age 59.4 ± 2.6) who underwent heart transplantation due to ischaemic cardiomyopathy. In both tissues, immunophenotyping revealed three distinct populations: (i)CD31−CD45−CD90+CD34+CD146−, (ii) CD31−CD45−CD90+CD34−CD146+, and (iii) CD31−CD45−CD90−CD34−CD146+, of which only the first one could be grown after sorting. Material for RNA‐seq was collected from these cells before culture (250 cells) and at passage 6 (5000 cells). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that cells of the same phenotype (CD31−CD45−CD90+CD34+CD146−) upon isolation preferentially clustered according to the tissue of origin, not to the patient from whom they were isolated. Genes up‐regulated in the right ventricle‐derived cells were related to muscle physiology while down‐regulated genes included those encoding proteins with transmembrane signalling receptor activity. After six passages, heart‐derived and fat‐derived cells did not acquire similar transcriptome. Cells isolated from the right ventricle in comparison with their epicardial fat‐derived counterparts demonstrated higher level of transcripts related, among others, to RNA processing and muscle development. The down‐regulated genes were involved in the nucleosome assembly, DNA packaging and replication, and interleukin‐7‐mediated signalling pathway. Cells from epicardial fat demonstrated higher heterogeneity both before and after culture. Cell culture significantly changed gene expression profile within both tissues.ConclusionsThis study is an essential indication that mesenchymal cells isolated from different tissues do not demonstrate similar properties. Phenotypic identification and ease of isolation cannot be considered as a criterion in any therapeutic utilization of such cells.
Helios+ and Helios− Treg subpopulations are phenotypically and functionally distinct and express dissimilar TCR repertoires
Authors: Thornton Angela M. , Lu Jinghua , Korty Patricia E. , Kim Yong Chan , Martens Craig , Sun Peter D. , Shevach Ethan M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe transcription factor Helios is expressed in a large subset of Foxp3+ Tregs. We previously proposed that Helios is a marker of thymic derived Treg (tTreg), while Helios− Treg were induced from Foxp3− T conventional (Tconv) cells in the periphery (pTreg). To compare the two Treg subpopulations, we generated Helios‐GFP reporter mice and crossed them to Foxp3‐RFP reporter mice. The Helios+ Treg population expressed a more activated phenotype, had a slightly higher suppressive capacity in vitro and expressed a more highly demethylated TSDR but were equivalent in their ability to suppress inflammatory bowel disease in vivo. However, Helios+ Treg more effectively inhibited the proliferation of activated, autoreactive splenocytes from scurfy mice. When Helios+ and Helios− Treg were transferred to lymphoreplete mice, both populations maintained comparable Foxp3 expression, but Foxp3 expression was less stable in Helios− Treg when transferred to lymphopenic mice. Gene expression profiling demonstrated a large number of differentially expressed genes and showed that Helios− Treg expressed certain genes normally expressed in CD4+Foxp3− T cells. TCR repertoire analysis indicated very little overlap between Helios+ and Helios− Treg. Thus, Helios+ and Helios− Treg subpopulations are phenotypically and functionally distinct and express dissimilar TCR repertoires.
Risk of adverse events in patients prescribed long‐term opioids: A cohort study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Bedson John , Chen Ying , Ashworth Julie , Hayward Richard A. , Dunn Kate M. , Jordan Kelvin P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term opioid prescribing for musculoskeletal pain is controversial due to uncertainty regarding effectiveness and safety. This study examined the risks of a range of adverse events in a large cohort of patients prescribed long‐term opioids using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.MethodsPatients with musculoskeletal conditions starting a new long‐term opioid episode (defined as ≥3 opioid prescriptions within 90 days) between 2002 and 2012 were included. Primary outcomes: major trauma and intentional overdose (any). Secondary outcomes: addiction (any), falls, accidental poisoning, attempted suicide/self‐harm, gastrointestinal pathology and bleeding, and iron deficiency anaemia. “Control” outcomes (unrelated to opioid use): incident eczema and psoriasis.ResultsA total of 98,140 new long‐term opioids users (median age 61, 41% male) were followed for (median) 3.4 years. Major trauma risk increased from 285 per 10,000 person‐years without long‐term opioids to 369/10,000 for a long‐term opioid episode (<20 mg MED), 382/10,000 (20–50 mg MED), and 424/10,000 (≥50 mg MED). Adjusted hazard ratios were 1.09 (95% CI; 1.04, 1.14 for <20 mg MED vs. not being in an episode of long‐term prescribing), 1.24 (95% CI; 1.16, 1.32: 20–50 mg MED) and 1.34 (95% CI; 1.20, 1.50: ≥50 mg MED). Significant dose‐dependent increases in the risk of overdose (any type), addiction, falls, accidental poisoning, gastrointestinal pathology, and iron deficiency anaemia were also found.ConclusionsPatients prescribed long‐term opioids are vulnerable to dose‐dependent serious adverse events. Opioid prescribing should be reviewed before long‐term use becomes established, and periodically thereafter to ensure that patients are not being exposed to increased risk of harm, which is not balanced by therapeutic benefit.SignificanceLong‐term opioid use is associated with serious adverse events such as major trauma, addiction and overdose. The risk increases with higher opioid doses. Opioid prescribing should be reviewed before long‐term use becomes established, and periodically thereafter to assess ongoing effectiveness.
Zircon U–Pb age, Hf isotope, and geochemistry of Late Permian to Triassic igneous rocks from the Jiapigou gold ore belt, NE China: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications
Authors: Wutiepu Wukeyila , Yang Yanchen , Han Shijiong , Guo Yufei , Nie Shijia , Liu Chao , Fan Wenliang 
Published: January 2019

The Jiapigou gold ore belt is located in the northeastern corner of the wedge‐shaped North China Craton and is hosted by Neoarchean basement gneiss and amphibolite, along with late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic granitoids. In this paper, whole‐rock major and trace element geochemistry together with zircon U–Pb ages and Lu–Hf isotope compositions are reported for Late Permian to Triassic igneous rocks from the gold belt. The dominant population of zircons in all these rocks shows oscillatory growth zoning in CL images, and relatively high Th/U ratios (0.10–5.23) that are indicative of a magmatic origin. Zircon U–Pb data indicate that the igneous rocks formed during two major phases: ca. 252 Ma and ca. 230–213 Ma. Geochemically, the Late Permian (ca. 252 Ma) diorites are high‐K calc‐alkaline in composition and low total Fe2O3, MgO, and CaO contents, and represented by enrichment in LILEs relative to HFSEs and HREEs, all of which are indicative of a postcollision high‐K calc‐alkaline granite affinity. In contrast, the Late Triassic (ca. 230–213 Ma) igneous rocks are mainly quartz syenite porphyries, felsites, and granodiorites, and are variable medium‐ to high‐K calc‐alkaline series and exhibit a negative Eu anomaly with A‐type affinities, indicating an extensional environment. In addition, in situ Hf isotopic analyses of zircons from four dated samples reveal that they have εHf(t) values of −3.0 to +2.2, with two‐stage model (TDM2) ages range from 964 to 1,210 Ma, indicating that they probably originated from the partial melting of a dominantly Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic crustal source. On the basis of the geochemical data and regional geological investigations, we further propose that the Jiapigou gold ore belt in the Late Permian was formed in a postcollisional tectonic setting, whereas an extensional tectonic setting in the Late Triassic that caused lithospheric thinning during a postorogenic event.
Sensory dysphagia: A case series and proposed classification of an under recognized swallowing disorder
Authors: Santoso Laura F. , Kim Daniel Y. , Paydarfar David 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough sensory feedback is a vital regulator of deglutition, it is not comprehensively considered in the standard dysphagia evaluation. Difficulty swallowing secondary to sensory loss may be termed “sensory dysphagia” and may account for cases receiving diagnoses of exclusion, like functional or idiopathic dysphagia.Methods and ResultsThree cases of idiopathic dysphagia were suspected to have sensory dysphagia. The patients had (1) effortful swallowing, (2) globus sensation, and (3) aspiration. Endoscopic sensory mapping revealed laryngopharyngeal sensory loss. Despite normal laryngeal motor function during voluntary maneuvers, laryngeal closure was incomplete during swallowing. The causes of sensory loss were identified: cranial neuropathy from Chiari malformation, immune‐mediated neuronopathy, and nerve damage from prior traumatic intubation.ConclusionsSensory loss may cause dysphagia without primary motor dysfunction. Sensory dysphagia should be classified as a distinct form of swallowing motility disorder to improve diagnosis. Increasing awareness and developing appropriate assessment tools may advance dysphagia care.
Understanding changes in the water budget driven by climate change in cryospheric‐dominated watershed of the northeast Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Xu Min , Kang Shichang , Wang Xiaoming , Pepin Nick , Wu Hao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlacial retreat and the thawing of permafrost due to climate warming have altered the hydrological cycle in cryospheric‐dominated watersheds. In this study, we analysed the impacts of climate change on the water budget for the upstream of the Shule River Basin on the northeast Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that temperature and precipitation increased significantly during 1957–2010 in the study area. The hydrological cycle in the study area has intensified and accelerated under recent climate change. The average increasing rate of discharge in the upstream of the Shule River Basin was 7.9 × 106 m3/year during 1957–2010. As the mean annual glacier mass balance lost −62.4 mm/year, the impact of glacier discharge on river flow has increased, especially after the 2000s. The contribution of glacier melt to discharge was approximately 187.99 × 108 m3 or 33.4% of the total discharge over the study period. The results suggested that the impact of warming overcome the effect of precipitation increase on run‐off increase during the study period. The evapotranspiration (ET) increased during 1957–2010 with a rate of 13.4 mm/10 years. On the basis of water balance and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and the Global Land Data Assimilation System data, the total water storage change showed a decreasing trend, whereas groundwater increased dramatically after 2006. As permafrost has degraded under climate warming, surface water can infiltrate deep into the ground, thus changing both the watershed storage and the mechanisms of discharge generation. Both the change in terrestrial water storage and changes in groundwater have had a strong control on surface discharge in the upstream of the Shule River Basin. Future trends in run‐off are forecasted based on climate scenarios. It is suggested that the impact of warming will overcome the effect of precipitation increase on run‐off in the study area. Further studies such as this will improve understanding of water balance in cold high‐elevation regions.
The “great” controlling nucleotide coenzymes
Authors: Veech Richard L. , Todd King Michael , Pawlosky Robert , Kashiwaya Yoshihiro , Bradshaw Patrick C. , Curtis William 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNucleotide coenzymes dot the map of metabolic pathways providing energy to drive the reactions of the pathway and play an important role in regulating and controlling energy metabolism through their shared potential energy, which is widely unobserved due to the paradox that the energy in the coenzyme pools cannot be determined from the concentration of the coenzyme couples. The potential energy of the nucleotide couples in the mitochondria or the cytoplasm is expressed in the enzyme reactions in which they take part. The energy in these couples, [NAD+]/[NADH], [NADP+]/[NADPH], [acetyl CoA]/[CoA], and [ATP]/[ADP]x[Pi], regulates energy metabolism. The energy contained in the couples can be altered by suppling energy equivalents in the form of ketones, such as, D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate to overcome insulin resistance, to restore antioxidants capacity, to form potential treatments for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, to enhance life span, and to increase physiological performance. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(5):565–579, 2019
Derivation of an occupational exposure limit for diacetyl using dose‐response data from a chronic animal inhalation exposure study
Authors: Beckett Evan M. , Cyrs William D. , Abelmann Anders , Monnot Andrew D. , Gaffney Shannon H. , Finley Brent L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOccupational exposure limits (OELs) have been previously proposed for diacetyl; however, most of these values are based on worker cohort studies that are known to have several limitations and confounders. In this analysis, an 8 hour time‐weighted average (TWA) OEL for diacetyl was derived based on data from a chronic, 2 year animal inhalation study recently released by the US National Toxicology Program. In that study, complete histopathology was conducted on male and female mice and rats exposed to 0, 12.5, 25 or 50 ppm diacetyl. Several responses in the lower respiratory tract of rats (the more sensitive species) were chosen as the critical endpoints of interest. Benchmark concentration (BMC) modeling of these endpoints was used to estimate BMC values associated with a 10% extra risk (BMC10) and the associated 95% lower confidence bound (BMCL10), which were subsequently converted to human equivalent concentrations (HECs) using a computational fluid dynamics‐physiologically based pharmacokinetic (CFD‐PBPK) model to account for interspecies dosimetry differences. A composite uncertainty factor of 8.0 was applied to the human equivalent concentration values to yield 8 hour TWA OEL values with a range of 0.16‐0.70 ppm. The recommended 8 hour TWA OEL for diacetyl vapor of 0.2 ppm, based on minimal severity of bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia in the rat, is practical and health‐protective.
Upscaling of W zeolite direct synthesis from coal fly ash and its water adsorption capacity
Authors: Gamero‐Vega Karen Y , Medina‐Ramírez Adriana , Khamkure Sasirot , Orozco‐Núñez Sylvia I , Aguilera‐González Elsa N , Gamero‐Melo Prócoro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlkaline amorphization of fly ash (FA) and crystallization of the potassium W zeolite from the resultant amorphous materials was carried out at different scales by a straightforward hydrothermal method. The experimental factors and levels were evaluated during the FA amorphization study by variation of the metallic hydroxide, concentration, temperature and time for the hydrothermal reaction.RESULTSThe alkaline FA hydrothermal activation study quantified a set of optimal conditions to obtain amorphous materials easy to be recrystallized into W zeolite. The activation process at laboratory scale involved the hydrothermal treatment of 3.6 g FA with 74.43 mEq KOH dissolved in 21 mL water at 125 °C for 4 h. A product with ≤94.7% of the amorphous phase was obtained. The direct zeolitization of FA was performed at 175 °C for 16 h with a KOH:FA weight ratio of 0.33 and molar ratios of 1.64, 17.08 and 3.90 for SiO2:KOH, H2O:SiO2 and SiO2:Al2O3, respectively. An amount of dried zeolitic material c.25% higher than the weight of FA used was obtained.CONCLUSIONAdsorbents formulated with the W zeolite showed higher water adsorption capacity than the commercial molecular sieves used by industry for drying wet natural gas. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry