bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unexpected Sources of Strontium to the Neuse and Cape Fear River Basins, North Carolina: Implications for the Global Strontium Isotope Budget in Seawater
Authors: Watts Elena M. , Coleman Drew S. , Colon‐Ramirez Angel M. , Walsh Aleah R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWater, bedrock, and saprolite samples from the Neuse and Cape Fear River basins, North Carolina, were analyzed for 87Sr/86Sr and [Sr] to evaluate the control of exposed bedrock on fluvial Sr isotopic compositions and the influence of geology on Sr delivered to the ocean. The 87Sr/86Sr and [Sr] of the two rivers start low and rise downstream, eventually approximating recent ocean isotopic compositions before entering their estuaries. Groundwater samples from the headwaters have 87Sr/86Sr ratios that are lower than expected from the dominant exposed bedrock. The isotopic compositions of bedrock and saprolite samples vary predictably with rock type and age and show no correlation with degree of weathering. The data indicate that dominant surficial bedrock is not the primary source of Sr to the headwaters of the rivers. Rather, mafic dikes that focus groundwater flow and are more easily weathered than their silicic hosts impact the 87Sr/86Sr of the waters more than their limited exposure might suggest. Furthermore, the Sr isotopic composition of the water delivered to the marine environment is buffered by groundwater from coastal plain sedimentary rocks, leaving no evidence of upstream geology. The data suggest that rock type and structure exert significant control on the Sr isotope geochemistry of groundwater that enters into streams. Considering the global fluvial Sr budget, these results emphasize that, in some settings, (1) rock exposure area can be a poor indication of the geologic influence on Sr isotopic compositions of surface waters, and (2) downstream Sr isotopic compositions may not reflect upstream geology.
Hydrodynamic Controls on Primary Producer Communities in Spring‐Fed Rivers
Authors: Reaver N. G. F. , Kaplan D. A. , Mattson R. A. , Carter E. , Sucsy P. V. , Frazer T. K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn many spring‐fed rivers, benthic macroalgae and periphytic algae are increasing and, in some cases, replacing rooted vascular plants, which are critical to ecosystem function. While most research has focused on the role of nutrients in driving this change, in‐channel hydrodynamics also control vascular plant and algal abundances and their interactions. Understanding relationships between hydrology and primary producers is essential for developing ecologically relevant flow regulations. We investigated the relationship between flow velocity and primary producer abundance in spring‐fed rivers using observational data from 16 springs to determine critical velocity thresholds for periphyton, macroalgae, and vascular plants. We also used flow suppression experiments to quantify periphyton growth rates and test for hysteretic behavior. Results suggest a critical velocity of 0.22 m/s (95% CI: 0.13–0.28 m/s) for periphyton but no specific thresholds for macroalgae or vascular plants. Experimental and theoretical results supported these findings and suggest periphyton establishment is not hysteretic.
Carbon Isotope Record of Trace n‐alkanes in a Continental PETM Section Recovered by the Bighorn Basin Coring Project (BBCP)
Authors: Baczynski Allison A. , McInerney Francesca A. , Freeman Katherine H. , Wing Scott L. ,   the Bighorn Basin Coring Project (BBCP) Science Team
Published: April 2019

AbstractContinental sedimentary records of early Paleogene hyperthermals are typically limited to weathered, often discontinuous, outcrop exposures. In 2011, the Bighorn Basin Coring Project (BBCP) collected the first continuous terrestrial records of the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Organic matter preservation was poor during the PETM, even in core material. Concentrations of leaf waxes during the PETM are too low for compound‐specific carbon isotope analysis by conventional means. However, the recent development of picomolar‐scale compound‐specific isotope analyses (pico‐CSIA) has reduced sample requirements and enabled measurements of carbon isotope ratios of n‐alkanes across the PETM in the Basin Substation core. While the prominent, negative carbon isotope excursion in total organic carbon that typically identifies the PETM in the sedimentary record is absent from the core, lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, and chemostratigraphic data suggest that the most likely position of the PETM is from ~87.82‐ to ~50‐m composite depth. This ~40‐m interval coincides with the lowest weight percent organic carbon, n‐alkane abundances, and n‐alkane δ13C values and the highest n‐alkane average chain lengths. Comparison of the n‐alkane isotope record from the core with that from organic‐rich rocks exposed in the SE Bighorn Basin suggests that n‐alkanes in the core fail to express the full magnitude of the carbon isotope excursion. We hypothesize that floodplain sediments at Basin Substation contain a mixture of PETM and reworked fossil n‐alkanes. Low total organic carbon suggests that PETM climate accelerated organic matter decay rates and floodplains may have acted as a carbon source during the PETM.
Spatial vs. temporal controls over soil fungal community similarity at continental and global scales
Authors: Averill Colin , Cates LeAnna L , Dietze Michael C , Bhatnagar Jennifer M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Large-scale environmental sequencing efforts have transformed our understanding of the spatial controls over soil microbial community composition and turnover. Yet, our knowledge of temporal controls is comparatively limited. This is a major uncertainty in microbial ecology, as there is increasing evidence that microbial community composition is important for predicting microbial community function in the future. Here, we use continental- and global-scale soil fungal community surveys, focused within northern temperate latitudes, to estimate the relative contribution of time and space to soil fungal community turnover. We detected large intra-annual temporal differences in soil fungal community similarity, where fungal communities differed most among seasons, equivalent to the community turnover observed over thousands of kilometers in space. inter-annual community turnover was comparatively smaller than intra-annual turnover. Certain environmental covariates, particularly climate covariates, explained some spatial–temporal effects, though it is unlikely the same mechanisms drive spatial vs. temporal turnover. However, these commonly measured environmental covariates could not fully explain relationships between space, time and community composition. These baseline estimates of fungal community turnover in time provide a starting point to estimate the potential duration of legacies in microbial community composition and function.
Ensuring expression of four core cardiogenic transcription factors enhances cardiac reprogramming
Authors: Zhang Zhentao , Zhang Alexander D. , Kim Luke J. , Nam Young-Jae 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that forced expression of core cardiogenic transcription factors can directly reprogram fibroblasts to induced cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs). This cardiac reprogramming approach suggests a potential strategy for cardiomyocyte regeneration. However, a major challenge of this approach remains the low conversion rate. Here, we showed that ensuring expression of four cardiogenic transcription factors (i.e. Gata4 (G), Hand2 (H), Mef2c (M), and Tbx5 (T)) in individual fibroblasts is an initial bottleneck for cardiac reprogramming. Following co-transduction of three or four retroviral vectors encoding individual cardiogenic transcription factors, only a minor subpopulation of cells indeed expressed all three (GMT) or four (GHMT) factors. By selectively analyzing subpopulations of cells expressing various combinations of reprogramming factors, we found that co-expression of GMT in individual fibroblasts is sufficient to induce sarcomeric proteins. However, only a small fraction of those cells expressing GMT were able to develop organized sarcomeric structures and contractility. In contrast, ensuring expression of GHMT markedly enhanced the development of contractile cardiac structures and functions in fibroblasts, although its incremental effect on sarcomeric protein induction was relatively small. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanistic basis of inefficient cardiac reprogramming and can help to devise efficient reprogramming strategies.
Update: Behavioral Management of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis and Paresis
Authors: Schneider Sarah L. 
Published: April 2019

PurposeVocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) can be the result of iatrogenic or traumatic injury or may be idiopathic in nature. It can result in glottic incompetence leading to changes in vocal quality and ease. Associated voice complaints may include breathiness, roughness, diplophonia, reduced vocal intensity, feeling out of breath with talking, and vocal fatigue with voice use. A comprehensive interprofessional voice evaluation includes auditory-perceptual voice evaluation, laryngeal examination including videostroboscopy, acoustic and aerodynamic voice measures. These components provide valuable insight into laryngeal structure and function and individual voice use patterns and, in conjunction with stimulability testing, help identify candidacy for voice therapy and choice of therapeutic techniques.ConclusionA comprehensive, interprofessional evaluation of patients with VFMI is necessary to assess the role of voice therapy and develop a treatment plan. Although there is no efficacy data to support specific voice therapy techniques for treating VFMI, considerations for various techniques are provided.
Planetesimal fragmentation and giant planet formation
Authors: San Sebastián I. L. , Guilera O. M. , Parisi M. G. 
Published: April 2019

Context.Most planet formation models that incorporate planetesimal fragmentation consider a catastrophic impact energy threshold for basalts at a constant velocity of 3 km s−1throughout the process of the formation of the planets. However, as planets grow, the relative velocities of the surrounding planetesimals increase from velocities of the order of meters per second to a few kilometers per second. In addition, beyond the ice line where giant planets are formed, planetesimals are expected to be composed roughly of 50% ices.Aims.We aim to study the role of planetesimal fragmentation on giant planet formation considering the planetesimal catastrophic impact energy threshold as a function of the planetesimal relative velocities and compositions.Methods.We improved our model of planetesimal fragmentation incorporating a functional form of the catastrophic impact energy threshold with the planetesimal relative velocities and compositions. We also improved in our model the accretion of small fragments produced by the fragmentation of planetesimals during the collisional cascade considering specific pebble accretion rates.Results.We find that a more accurate and realistic model for the calculation of the catastrophic impact energy threshold tends to slow down the formation of massive cores. Only for reduced grain opacity values at the envelope of the planet is the cross-over mass achieved before the disk timescale dissipation.Conclusions.While planetesimal fragmentation favors the quick formation of massive cores of 5–10M⊕the cross-over mass could be inhibited by planetesimal fragmentation. However, grain opacity reduction or pollution by the accreted planetesimals together with planetesimal fragmentation could explain the formation of giant planets with low-mass cores.
Single Low-Volume Center Experience with Frozen Elephant Trunk in Acute Type A Aortic Dissections
Authors: López Almodóvar Luis , Lima Cañadas Pedro , Enríquez Puga Andrés , Narváez Mayorga Irene , Buendía Miñano José , Sánchez Casado Marcelino , Cañas Cañas Alfonso 
Published: April 2019

Background Acute Type A aortic dissection (AAAD) is a surgical emergency. In patients with arch and descending aorta involvement (DeBakey Type I), a total aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk (FET) could favor false lumen thrombosis and improve long-term results. The authors hereby present their experience with this technique in a single low-volume center, to assess whether the technique is feasible to treat such disease.
Methods From January 2011 to December 2016, 43 patients with AAAD were operated on in the authors' institution, which carries out 300 to 350 annual procedures. Among these, 12 patients with an intimal tear in the aortic arch and/or proximal descending aorta received a FET procedure (10 males, age 57 years). Concomitant procedures were aortic valve replacement (42%), Bentall (25%), and aortic valve repair (17%).
Results Cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac arrest, and circulatory arrest times were 235 ± 43, 171 ± 33, and 75 ± 20 minutes, respectively. The operative mortality was 16.7% (n = 2). Stroke and re-thoracotomy for bleeding occurred in 8% (n = 1) and 8% (n = 1), respectively. There was no spinal cord injury. Follow-up was 36.1 months. During follow-up, no patients died or required a reoperation on the downstream aorta.
Conclusion Although all patients were operated on in a low-volume center, the results with FET in AAAD are acceptable. Even though this technique demands high technical skills, it is a promising approach in patients with acute aortic dissection.
Spontaneous Aortocaval Fistula with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 5 Years after Aortic Valve Replacement Complicated by Aortic Dissection
Authors: Mleyhi Sobhi , Messai Mohamed , Hammamia Mohamed , Omrane Skander 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIatrogenic aortic dissection after cardiac surgery is a rare and serious complication, the management of which involves many therapeutic modalities and whose prognosis is associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality. The authors report the case of a 61-year-old man presented with aortocaval fistula and aortic dissection 5 years after aortic valve replacement.
Epidemiology and Estimated Cost of Microsurgical Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Tumor Conducted by the Brazilian Unified Health Care System (2008–2016)
Authors: Magalhães Marcelo José da Silva de , Mendes Mayallu Almeida , Oliva Henrique Nunes Pereira 
Published: April 2019

Introduction Primary nerve tumors correspond to ∼ 5% of the soft tissue neoplasms affecting the upper limbs, with benign lesions being more frequent than malignant lesions.
Objective To describe the epidemiological data of the microsurgical treatment of peripheral nerve tumors performed by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in the Portuguese acronym), with the code 0403020131, from 2008 to 2016, regarding the number of annual procedures, hospital and professional expenses, the average duration of hospital stay, and the number of deaths.
Methods This is a descriptive epidemiological study whose data were obtained by consulting the database provided by the Health Informatics Department of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (DATASUS, in the Portuguese acronym).
Results/Discussion A total of 6,012 procedures were performed during the period studied, with an average of 688 procedures per year. The average hospital stay was of 2.13 days. There was no mortality rate. The average annual cost of the professional was BRL 50,091.45; and the average hospital expenses were BRL111,887.94.
Conclusion The microsurgical treatment of peripheral nerve tumors is a safe surgical procedure with zero mortality rate and short hospital stay. There was no national data on tumors of this nature in the medical literature.
A Case of Chronic and Relapsing Paget Disease of the Vulva
Authors: Bouceiro-Mendes Rita , Mendonça-Sanches Maria , Soares-de-Almeida Luís , Correia-Fonseca Isabel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExtramammary Paget disease is a rare neoplastic condition that more commonly affects postmenopausal Caucasian women. Although the vulvar area is the most frequently affected location, it corresponds solely to 1 to 2% of all vulvar malignancies. A 72-year-old female patient was observed in our outpatient clinic with a 2-year history of an erythematous and pruritic plaque on the vulva. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry studies were compatible with extramammary Paget disease of the vulva. Associated neoplastic conditions were excluded. Due to multiple relapses, the patient was submitted to three surgical interventions, including a total vulvectomy, and to external radiotherapy. The present case illustrates the chronic and recurrent nature of extramammary Paget disease despite aggressive procedures as well as the challenge in obtaining tumor-free resection margins.
B-type Landau-Ginzburg models on Stein manifolds
Authors: Babalic E. M. , Doryn D. , Lazaroiu C. I. , Tavakol M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We summarize the description of the open-closed TFT datum for B-type Landau-Ginzburg models with Stein manifold targets and discuss various constructions which lead to large classes of examples of such models.
Extensin arabinosylation is involved in root response to elicitors and limits oomycete colonization
Authors: Castilleux Romain , Plancot Barbara , Gügi Bruno , Attard Agnès , Loutelier-Bourhis Corinne , Lefranc Benjamin , Nguema-Ona Eric , Arkoun Mustapha , Yvin Jean-Claude , Driouich Azeddine , Vicré Maïté 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Extensins are hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins thought to strengthen the plant cell wall, one of the first barriers against pathogens, through intra- and intermolecular cross-links. The glycan moiety of extensins is believed to confer the correct structural conformation to the glycoprotein, leading to self-assembly within the cell wall that helps limit microbial adherence and invasion. However, this role is not clearly established.

Methods
We used Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in extensin arabinosylation to investigate the role of extensin arabinosylation in root–microbe interactions. Mutant and wild-type roots were stimulated to elicit an immune response with flagellin 22 and immunolabelled with a set of anti-extensin antibodies. Roots were also inoculated with a soilborne oomycete, Phytophthora parasitica, to assess the effect of extensin arabinosylation on root colonization.

Key Results
A differential distribution of extensin epitopes was observed in wild-type plants in response to elicitation. Elicitation also triggers altered epitope expression in mutant roots compared with wild-type and non-elicited roots. Inoculation with the pathogen P. parasitica resulted in enhanced root colonization for two mutants, specifically xeg113 and rra2.

Conclusions
We provide evidence for a link between extensin arabinosylation and root defence, and propose a model to explain the importance of glycosylation in limiting invasion of root cells by pathogenic oomycetes.
Critical wind speeds suggest wind could be an important disturbance agent in Amazonian forests
Authors: Peterson Chris J , Ribeiro Gabriel Henrique Pires de Mello , Negrón-Juárez Robinson , Marra Daniel Magnabosco , Chambers Jeffrey Q , Higuchi Niro , Lima Adriano , Cannon Jeffery B 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Recent research in the central Amazon suggests that wind is a major agent of disturbance, however, a mechanistic understanding of how wind may lead to tree mortality in Amazonian forests remains unclear. Here we estimated wind speeds necessary to topple central Amazon trees by linking both static and dynamic versions of two wind speed estimation methods (four methods total) to field data on tree failure derived from a static winching study. Static versions of these methods assumed invariant wind characteristics as more trees failed, while dynamic versions updated tree spacing, leaf area index and wind profiles progressively after each tree failure. First, we used a profile method which estimates wind force on individual trees by segments. We calculated drag on each segment and converted drag into basal turning moment, and compared the summed turning moments to the critical turning moment measured in the winching study. Estimated critical wind speeds from the static profile method varied greatly, from 10.75 m s−1 to &gt;120.0 m s−1 with a mean of 45.70 m s−1. Critical wind speeds estimated with static approaches decreased with tree size but were not significantly different between two focal genera. Primary drivers of variation in critical wind speed were tree height and crown size. Second, we used the turning moment coefficient method of Hale, S.E., Gardiner, B., Peace, A., Nicoll, B., Taylor, P. and Pizzirani, S. 2015 Comparison and validation of three versions of a forest wind risk model. Environ. Model. Softw.68, 27–41. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.01.016.; the static version of this method yielded less-variable estimates, ranging from 18.98 to 52.01 m s−1, with a mean of 30.88 m s−1. Notably, the two static methods for estimating critical wind speeds differed in the trees they identified as having the highest and lowest critical wind speeds. Dynamic variants of the above two methods produced greatly reduced ranges in CWS estimates for our study trees, because after the early tree failures, remaining trees were subject to greater wind penetration into the stand and thus greater loading for a given above-canopy wind speed. CWS estimated with dynamic approaches differed significantly between the focal taxa. Nevertheless, both estimates suggest that wind speeds commonly observed during Amazon storms are sufficient to produce widespread tree damage and mortality.
Different impact of rATG induction on CMV infection risk in D+R– and R+ KTRs
Authors: Kaminski Hannah , Jarque Marta , Halfon Mathieu , Taton Benjamin , Di Ascia Ludovic , Pfirmann Pierre , Visentin Jonathan , Garrigue Isabelle , Déchanet-Merville Julie , Moreau Jean-François , Crespo Elena , Montero Nuria , Melilli Edoardo , Meneghini Maria , Pascual Manuel , Couzi Lionel , Manuel Oriol , Bestard Oriol , Merville Pierre 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) induction is associated with profound immunosuppression, leading to a higher risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection compared with anti–interleukin 2 receptor antibody (anti–IL-2RA). However, this risk, depending on the baseline CMV serological recipient/donor status, is still controversial.

Methods
The CMV DNAemia-free survival between rATG- and anti–IL-2RA–treated patients was analyzed in donor-positive/recipient-negative (D+R−) and recipient-positive (R+) patients in 1 discovery cohort of 559 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and 2 independent cohorts (351 and 135 kidney KTRs). The CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) at baseline and at different time points after transplantation was assessed using an interferon γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay.

Results
rATG increased the risk of CMV DNAemia in R+ but not in D+R− KTRs. In R+ CMI-positive (CMI+) patients, the CMV DNAemia rate was higher in rATG-treated than in anti–IL-2RA–treated patients; no difference was observed among R+ CMI-negative (CMI−) patients. Longitudinal follow-up demonstrated a deeper depletion of preformed CMV CMI in R+ rATG-treated patients.

Conclusions
D+R− KTRs have the highest risk of CMV DNAemia, but rATG adds no further risk. Among R+ KTRs, we described 3 groups, the least prone being R+CMI+ KTRs without rATG, then R+CMI+ KTRs with rATG, and finally R+CMI− KTRs. CMV serostatus, baseline CMV-specific CMI, and induction therapy may lead to personalized preventive therapy in further studies.