bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional topography simulation research of diamond-wire sawing based on MATLAB
Authors: Zhao Ligang , Xia Guofeng , Shi Yuhu , Wu Aisheng 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of the processing parameters of diamond wire sawing on surface morphology and roughness.

Design/methodology/approach
First, a wire saw cutting model is established to determine the positional relationship between a wire saw and the machined surface of the workpiece, and the abrasive grain cutting trajectory is generated. Through the data processing of the cutting trajectory, the simulation of the three-dimensional surface topography of the slice and the calculation of the surface roughness are realized by using the GUI programming of MATLAB. Finally, different surface roughness values are obtained by changing the machining parameters (saw wire speed and workpiece feed speed).

Findings
The conclusion is that the surface roughness of the slice is larger when the feed speed is higher and smaller when the linear speed is higher.

Originality/value
Diamond wire saw cutting is the first process of chip processing, and its efficiency and quality have an important impact on subsequent processing. This paper will focus on the influence of the sawing wire cutting processing parameters (sawing wire speed and workpiece feed speed) on the surface roughness to optimize the processing parameters and obtain smaller surface roughness values. Through MATLAB three-dimensional simulation, the surface morphology can be observed more intuitively, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the processing quality.
Governing the entrepreneurial discovery of blockchain applications
Authors: Allen Darcy W.E. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the institutional context of the entrepreneurial discovery of blockchain applications.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on institutional and entrepreneurial theory to introduce the economic problem entrepreneurship in the early stages of new technologies, examines the diversity of self-governed hybrid solutions to coordinating entrepreneurial information and draws policy implications.

Findings
To perceive a valuable and actionable market opportunity, entrepreneurs must coordinate distributed non-price information under uncertainty with others. One potential class of transaction cost economising solution to this problem is private self-governance of information coordination within hybrids. This paper explores a diverse range of entrepreneurial hybrids coalescing around blockchain technology, with implications for innovation policy.

Originality/value
This paper points to the problem of how the defining of the innovation problem as either choice-theoretic or contract-theoretic changes the remit of innovation policy. Innovation policy and blockchain policy should extend beyond correcting sub-optimal investments or removing barriers to action, to incorporate how polices impact entrepreneurial choices over governance structures to coordinate information.
Real interest rate, income and bank loans: panel evidence from Egypt
Authors: Shokr Mohamed Aseel 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of monetary policy on bank loans in Egypt using generalized method of moments (GMM) model. Also, it investigates the impact of bank level variables, namely, total assets, liquidity, capital and income on bank loans. It develops the equation of loans, which is introduced by Ehrmann et al. (2002) using bank level variables such as income and the interaction between income and interest rate.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines the impact of monetary policy shocks on bank loans in Egypt by applying the GMM technique and panel data from 1996 to 2014.

Findings
The results reveal that real interest rate has a significant impact on bank loans, which indicates that the bank lending channel is effective in Egypt. Furthermore, the bank level variables, namely, banks’ size, liquidity and income have significant effects on bank loans in Egypt, which sustains the heterogeneous effect of monetary policy on bank loans. Therefore, the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) can adjust interest rate to influence the bank loans and total demand.

Research limitations/implications
It does not examine the effect of monetary policy on small and large banks in Egypt.

Practical implications
The policy implications from this paper indicate that the monetary authority in Egypt should adjust interest rate to stabilize the bank loan supply. By stabilizing the bank loans, the monetary authority is able to stabilize investment, consumption and total demand.

Social implications
The relevance of bank lending channel indicates that the role of commercial banks is very important in transmitting monetary policy shocks to the real sector.

Originality/value
It is important for the CBE, banks and people because it shows the effectiveness of bank lending channel and the effect of global financial crisis on the Egyptian economy.
Change in work functioning from pre‐ to post‐treatment in feedback‐informed Couple and Family Therapy in Norway
Authors: Zahl‐Olsen Rune , Tellefsen Håland Åshild , Gausel Nicolay , Wampold Bruce , Tilden Terje 
Published: October 2019

Work functioning has significance for the individual and society but has rarely been used as an outcome measure for psychotherapy. Work‐related factors such as work satisfaction and working hours impact personal and relational life. More than half of those on sick leave suffer from social problems such as family‐related distress or mental health issues rather than medical issues. This article investigates work functioning change from pre‐ to post‐treatment in feedback‐informed couple and family therapy. With a sample of 165 clients from different parts of Norway, we used hierarchical multiple regression and calculated clinical significant change in the analysis. We found firstly that work functioning improved from pre‐ to post‐treatment. Secondly, we found that level of depressive symptoms, couple distress and family functioning predicted work functioning at pre‐treatment. Thirdly, we found that the improvements on these measures (depressive symptoms, couple distress and family functioning) predicted work functioning at post‐treatment.Practitioner points

Clients in couple and family therapy improve from start to end of therapy in work functioning, depressive symptoms, couple distress and family functioning

Individual and relational improvement predicts the level of work functioning at post‐treatment

Therapists should attend to the client's difficulties not only at individual and relational levels but also in life functioning

Even if effect sizes are high for the treatment, not all clients improve
Truth, trust, and civic duty: Cultural factors in citizens' perceptions of mobile phone apps and social media in disasters
Authors: Appleby‐Arnold Sandra , Brockdorff Noellie , Fallou Laure , Bossu Rémy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigates how citizens perceive the role of mobile phone apps specifically designed for disaster communication, and how these perceptions may differ from perceived roles and functions of social media in disaster‐related tasks/situations. Focusing on trust in authorities and technology use, results suggest that social media use not only fosters trust via shared narratives and collective sense‐making but may also improve trust relationships through local authorities assuming the function of a trustworthy information provider. In disaster apps usage, trust between citizens and authorities is generated through perceptions of shared responsibility rather than shared narratives. Apps were seen as mechanisms that reveal authorities' general willingness to share control, which may help overcome citizens' perceptions that they are distrusted by authorities.
Postnatal probiotics and allergic disease in very preterm infants: Sub‐study to the ProPrems randomized trial
Authors: Plummer Erica L. , Chebar Lozinsky Adriana , Tobin Jacinta M. , Uebergang Jessica B. , Axelrad Christine , Garland Suzanne M. , Jacobs Susan E. , Tang Mimi L. K. ,   the ProPrems Study Group
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundProbiotic supplementation to mothers and/or their term‐born infants has been suggested to prevent allergic disease, in particular eczema; however, no studies have investigated probiotics for prevention of allergic diseases in very preterm infants. We evaluated the effect of a postnatal probiotic combination on development of allergic diseases in very preterm infants.MethodsThis sub‐study was an a priori secondary outcome of the ProPrems multi‐center, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized trial (ANZCTR:12607000144415). ProPrems randomized 1099 very preterm infants to receive a probiotic combination or placebo from soon after birth until discharge from hospital or term corrected age (CA), whichever was earlier. Allergic disease (eczema, atopic eczema, food allergy, wheeze, atopic sensitization) was assessed in a subgroup of ProPrems infants (n = 281) as close to 12 months CA as possible by questionnaire, clinical examination, and skin prick tests to common allergens.ResultsThere was no difference in eczema incidence between the probiotic and placebo groups (35[30%] of 118 infants vs 37[27%] of 137 infants, respectively, absolute difference 2.65%, 95% CI −8.45 to 13.75). Similarly, the incidence of atopic eczema (6[5%] of 118 vs 3[2%] of 137), food allergy (4[3%] of 124 vs 2[1%] of 154), wheeze (39[31%] of 127 vs 45[29%] of 154), and atopic sensitization (14[13%] of 106 vs 13[11%] of 123) were similar between the probiotic and placebo groups.ConclusionThis study found no effect of postnatal administration of a probiotic combination on the incidence of allergic diseases or atopic sensitization in the first 2 years of life in children born very preterm. Evidence that probiotics are effective for prevention of allergic disease in premature infants remains lacking; adequately powered randomized controlled trials evaluating probiotic supplementation for allergy prevention in very preterm infants are needed.
Supervisory Abuse of High Performers: A Social Comparison Perspective
Authors: Tariq Hussain , Weng Qingxiong (Derek) , Ilies Remus , Khan Abdul Karim 
Published: October 2019

Prior research linking employee performance to abusive supervision suggests that supervisors have instrumental and non‐instrumental reasons for engaging in abuse while dealing with low performers in the workplace. Drawing on social comparison theory, we argue that high‐performing subordinates can make supervisors envious, which in turn leads to abusive supervisory behavior. Furthermore, we hypothesize supervisor social comparison orientation as a key boundary condition for the indirect positive effect of subordinate performance on abusive supervision through supervisor envy; that is, supervisors are more likely to abuse high performers when the supervisors’ social comparison orientation is high. A multi‐source, multi‐wave field study was conducted with data collected from supervisor‐subordinate dyads (N = 95 supervisors and 385 subordinates). The data supported a positive indirect effect of employee performance on abusive supervision through supervisor envy. Moreover, the indirect effect was statistically significant for supervisors with high social comparison orientation but it was not significant for supervisors with low social comparison orientation. Implications of these findings for reducing abusive supervision are discussed.
Facies and architectural variability of sub‐seismic slope‐channel fills in prograding clinoforms, Mid‐Jurassic Neuquén Basin, Argentina
Authors: Gan Yuqian (Philomena) , Steel Ronald J. , Olariu Cornel , De Almeida Flávio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMost slope‐channel outcrop studies have been conducted at continental margin‐scale on seismic data. However, in foreland and back‐arc deepwater settings, sub‐seismic scale slope channels hold equally important information on deepwater sediment delivery, often in hydrocarbon‐bearing provinces. One such slope‐channel system is examined in Lower Jurassic prograding shelf‐margin clinoforms in Bey Malec Estancia, La Jardinera area, southern Neuquén Basin, Argentina. In a 4 km wide, 300 m tall, slightly oblique‐ to depositional‐dip section of Jurassic Los Molles Formation deepwater slope deposits, seven clinoform timelines were identified by isolated slope‐channel fills with thicknesses less than 50 m. Sedimentary logs, satellite images, a digital elevation model and drone photogrammetry were used to map variations in downslope channel geometry and infill facies. The slope channels are filled with sediment density flow deposits: poorly sorted conglomeratic debrites, structureless sandy high‐density turbidites and well‐sorted, fine‐grained, graded low‐density turbidites. The debrite portion decreases downslope, whereas high‐ and low‐density turbidites increase. A grain‐size analysis reveals a broad downslope fining trend of turbidite and debrite beds within slope channels with increasing water depth, and some notable bypass of conglomeratic facies to the lowermost slope channels and basin floor fans. The architecture of the slope channels changes from lateral to aggradational infill downstream. The Bey Malec clinoforms and its slope channels add new knowledge on downslope changes for sediment delivery in relatively shallow (<500 m water depth), prograding‐dominant deepwater basins. They also highlight one of very few outcropping examples of oblique‐type clinoforms.
Combining spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide improves diagnostic accuracy for childhood asthma
Authors: Eom Sang‐Yong , Lee Joon Kee , Lee Young‐Joon , Hahn Youn‐Soo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThere are insufficient evidences supporting the use of spirometric indices along with tests for airway inflammation to improve diagnostic accuracy for asthma. We aimed to study the utility of combination of spirometric indices and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measured at the initial visit in diagnosing asthma.MethodsConsecutive children aged 8‐16 years who were referred for evaluation of possible asthma were included. At referral, all participants completed FeNO measurements and spirometry. The diagnosis of asthma was established with conventional criteria. Diagnostic performance of the spirometric indices and FeNO was determined using receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.ResultsOf 275 participants, 191 children were diagnosed with asthma and showed lower spirometric indices and higher FeNO than non‐asthmatics. In the ROC curve analyses, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25‐75) percent predicted demonstrated diagnostic performance with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76‐0.87) which was significantly higher than those for forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) percent predicted and FEV1/forced vital capacity. The combined use of FEF25‐75 percent predicted and FeNO improved the AUC to 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86‐0.93). In addition, compared to FEF25‐75 percent predicted or FeNO alone, this combination improved sensitivity with comparable specificity.ConclusionsFEF25‐75 percent predicted had a better diagnostic value in detection of childhood asthma than other standard spirometric indices and its combination with FeNO improves the diagnostic accuracy for childhood asthma.
Basal insulin secretion capacity predicts the initial response and maximum levels of beta‐hydroxybutyrate during therapy with the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor tofogliflozin, in relation to weight loss
Authors: Sato Yuichi , Nunoi Kiyohide , Kaku Kohei , Yoshida Akihiro , Suganami Hideki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate predictors of the initial response of beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and maximum BHB (max‐BHB) values during long‐term therapy with the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor tofogliflozin (TOFO), and to explore the association of the initial elevation of BHB with subsequent clinical effects in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsWe analysed 774 people receiving TOFO in phase 3 trials in two groups based on measurable BHB change at week 4 (initial response): the top quartile [n = 194] and the three lower quartiles [n = 579]. Multivariate analysis was used to determine baseline predictors of inclusion in the top quartile and the max‐BHB values. To investigate the association of the initial response with subsequent clinical effects, adjusted changes in variables in the two groups were compared using an analysis of covariance model.ResultsOf the participants, 66% were men, and the mean age, glycated haemoglobin, body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate were 58.5 years, 8.1%, 25.6 kg/m2 and 83.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Median changes in BHB at week 4 in the top quartile and lower three quartiles were +246.4* and +30.8* μmol/L, respectively (*P < .001 vs baseline). Lower baseline insulin secretion capacity predicted the inclusion in the top quartile and greater max‐BHB levels. The top quartile was associated with greater weight loss following greater increases in free fatty acids and greater reductions in fasting C‐peptide levels compared with the lower three quartiles.ConclusionsLower basal insulin secretion capacity might predict greater initial BHB elevations and max‐BHB levels during long‐term TOFO therapy. Greater weight loss through lipid use might be related to high initial BHB elevations.
Impact of baseline characteristics and beta‐cell function on the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous once‐weekly semaglutide: A patient‐level, pooled analysis of the SUSTAIN 1‐5 trials
Authors: Aroda Vanita R. , Capehorn Matthew S. , Chaykin Louis , Frias Juan P. , Lausvig Nanna L. , Macura Stanislava , Lüdemann Jörg , Madsbad Sten , Rosenstock Julio , Tabak Omur , Tadayon Sayeh , Bain Stephen C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of relevant patient‐level characteristics on the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous, once‐weekly semaglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsExploratory post hoc analyses of pooled SUSTAIN 1‐5 (phase 3a) randomized, controlled trials examined the change from baseline in HbA1c and body weight (BW), and the proportions of subjects achieving the composite endpoint (HbA1c < 7.0% [53 mmol/mol]), without weight gain or severe/blood glucose‐confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia at week 30 with semaglutide (0.5/1.0 mg) across clinically relevant patient subgroups: baseline HbA1c (≤7.5%, >7.5%‐8.0%, >8.0%‐8.5%, >8.5%‐9.0% and > 9.0%), background medications, diabetes duration and pancreatic beta‐cell function.ResultsMean HbA1c (% point) reductions increased from lowest to highest HbA1c subgroups (−0.9%, −1.2%,‐1.5%, −1.7% and −2.3% [effect of subgroup within treatment: P = 0.247] for semaglutide 0.5 mg, and −1.1%, −1.4%, −1.9%, −2.1% and −2.7% [P = 0.045] for semaglutide 1.0 mg), with mean HbA1c ranges at week 30 of 6.3%‐7.3% and 6.1%‐6.9%, respectively. The corresponding BW reductions generally decreased with increasing baseline HbA1c (−4.4, −3.9, −3.9, −3.3 and −2.9 kg [P = 0.004], and −6.4, −5.9, −5.2, −4.5 and −4.8 kg [P < 0.001], respectively). HbA1c and BW reductions were consistently greater for semaglutide 1.0 mg versus 0.5 mg across background medication, diabetes duration and pancreatic beta‐cell function subgroups. Adverse events with semaglutide were consistent with the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist class, with gastrointestinal events the most common.ConclusionsSemaglutide was consistently efficacious across the continuum of diabetes care in a broad spectrum of patient subgroups with a range of clinical characteristics.
Mechanisms and metabolomics of the host–pathogen interactions between Chestnut (Castaneaspecies) and Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica)
Authors: Lovat Christie‐Anna , Donnelly Danielle J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChestnut blight is a stem‐girdling disease ofCastaneacaused by the fungal pathogenCryphonectria parasitica. Chestnut blight affects allCastaneaspecies to some degree. In Asian species, chestnut blight is a commercially relevant disease which primarily affects nut production. In American and European species, chestnut blight has caused significant declines in wild populations and continues to negatively affect nut production in the European chestnut (C. sativa). Despite the profound effect of this disease in theCastaneagenus, very little is known concerning the factors involved in the host–pathogen interaction betweenC. parasiticaand itsCastaneahosts. This review summarizes information on known mechanisms and metabolites involved in the host–pathogen interaction and contributes original information on the pathogen in relation to susceptible and putatively resistant genotypes with a view to furthering research that will promote a better understanding of this devastating disease and enable its control.
Hissing females of great tits (Parus major) have lower breeding success than non‐hissing individuals
Authors: Tilgar Vallo , Koosa Kaarin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAntipredator strategies vary remarkably between individuals within populations. Parents tend to take greater risks when brood value is increased. Moreover, individuals consistently differ in a whole suite of correlated behaviours that may cause distinctive responses to predators. It is likely that individual differences in antipredator behaviour may co‐vary with proxies for fitness such as reproductive success. We used a 4‐year data from wild great tits (Parus major) to test whether passive and active antipredator strategies (females with no response vs. those giving hissing calls towards a nest predator) during the incubation stage can reflect variation in breeding success. Although clutch size did not depend on hissing behaviour, the number of surviving offspring from eggs and neonates to fledglings was higher for non‐hissing than hissing birds. We conclude that females with distinct antipredator strategies can prioritize different fitness components.
Factors affecting reversion from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition in midlife to later life in Korea: A national population study
Authors: Jang Ah Ram , Yoon Ju Young 
Published: October 2019

AimThe purpose of this study was to identify the midlife and later life factors affecting reversion from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition after 4 years.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2012 and 2016 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. The participants of this study were Korean community‐dwelling adults aged ≥45 years who showed mild cognitive impairment in 2012. They were divided into midlife (<65 years) and later life (≥65 years) based on their age in 2012. Cognitive function was assessed by the Korean Mini‐Mental State Examination in 2016. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the factors affecting reversion by age group.ResultsAmong participants with mild cognitive impairment, 52.0% in midlife and 26.6% in later life reverted to normal cognition after 4 years. In midlife, higher education (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.15–3.36), fewer chronic diseases (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.61–0.99), lower levels of depressive symptoms (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–0.99) and higher participation in social activities (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.27–2.87) were significantly associated with reversion. In later life, higher baseline cognitive function (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14–1.47) and higher participation in social activities (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.02–1.79) were significantly associated with reversion.ConclusionsThe reversion rate in midlife was higher than that of later life. More modifiable factors affecting reversion were found in midlife, suggesting that assessment and intervention at an early age should be considered. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1129–1135.