bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Cam and Pincer Morphology and Its Association With Development of Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: van Klij Pim , Heerey Joshua , Waarsing Jan H. , Agricola Rintje 
Published: March 2018

Synopsis Our understanding of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome is slowly improving. The number of studies on all aspects (etiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, natural history, treatment, and preventive measures) of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome has grown exponentially over the past few years. This commentary provides the latest updates on the prevalence of cam and pincer hip morphology and its relationship with development of hip osteoarthritis (OA). Cam and pincer morphology is highly prevalent in the general population and in this paper is presented for different subgroups based on age, sex, ethnicity, and athletic activity. Methodological issues in determining prevalence of abnormal hip morphology are also discussed. Cam morphology has been associated with development of hip OA, but the association between pincer morphology and hip OA is much less clear. Results from reviewed studies, as well as remaining gaps in literature on this topic, are critically discussed and put into perspective for the clinician. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(4):230–238. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7816
A review on methods to estimate a CT from MRI data in the context of MRI-alone RT
Authors: Wafa Boukellouz , Moussaoui Abdelouahab 
Published: March 2018

Background: In recent years, Radiation Therapy (RT) has undergone many developments and provided progress in the field of cancer treatment. However, dose optimisation each treatment session puts the patient at risk of successive X-Ray exposure from Computed Tomography CT scans since this imaging modality is the reference for dose planning. Add to this difficulties related to contour propagation. Thus, approaches are focusing on the use of MRI as the only modality in RT. In this paper, we review methods for creating pseudo-CT images from MRI data for MRI-alone RT. Each class of methods is explained and underlying works are presented in detail with performance results. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each class.
Methods: We classified recent works in deriving a pseudo-CT from MR images into four classes: segmentation-based, intensity-based, atlas-based and hybrid methods and the classification was based on considering the general technique applied.
Results: Most research focused on the brain and the pelvic regions. The mean absolute error ranged from 80 to 137 HU and from 36.4 to 74 HU for the brain and pelvis, respectively. In addition, an interest in the Dixon MR sequence is increasing since it has the advantage of producing multiple contrast images with a single acquisition.
Conclusion: Radiation therapy is emerging towards the generalisation of MRI-only RT thanks to the advances in techniques for generation of pseudo-CT images and the development of specialised MR sequences favouring bone visualisation. However, a benchmark needs to be established to set in common performance metrics to assess the quality of the generated pseudo-CT and judge on the efficiency of a certain method.
Haru Sugite, de Imperatriz Jitô
Authors: Sá Michele Eduarda Brasil de 
Published: March 2018

A poesia clássica japonesa é marcada por profunda beleza e sensibilidade. Dá-se aos poemas clássicos japoneses o nome de waka – 和歌, em que o primeiro ideograma faz referência a Yamato (大和 – nome antigo do Japão) e o segundo significa “poema”, “canto”. Este conhecido poema japonês do século VII é um tanka, ou seja, um poema curto, com cinco versos, contendo 5-7-5-7-7 sílabas respectivamente, e está registrado na antologia Man’yôshû, a “Coletânea das Dez Mil Folhas”. Abaixo temos o texto em man’yôgana (ou seja, na escrita original, em que os ideogramas eram utilizados ora por seu significado, ora por associação fonética e que recebeu este nome justamente por seu uso no Man’yôshû) e em seguida na versão corrente, em kanji e kana.
Hacia la contemporaneidad: Reflexiones sobre la educación artística en la década del noventa en Quito
Authors: Kingman Manuel , Cevallos Pamela 
Published: March 2018

Este artículo propone un acercamiento histórico sobre la educación universitaria de artes visuales en los años noventa, para analizar la incidencia de los debates y posiciones sobre el arte contemporáneo en el campo educativo. En los noventa surgió un discurso sobre lo contemporáneo en contraposición al quehacer moderno que articuló las prácticas artísticas y las posturas institucionales. Así, durante esta década, la educación universitaria en artes expresó las tensiones del campo: entre una formación basada en el oficio y la demanda de los jóvenes artistas por acceder a referentes y teorías contemporáneas.
Palabras claves: educación artística, universidad, posmodernidad, contemporaneidad, años noventa, Quito, FAUCE, CAV-PUCE.
Arte y cultura en la pintura amazónica contemporánea: “El Búho” de Guímer García
Authors: Castillo Daniel 
Published: March 2018

El artículo presenta una relación de dependencia entre la obra artística y la cultura del autor, señalando que es imposible comprender a profundidad una obra de arte sin tomar en cuenta la variable cultural. Por ello, solo un acercamiento al autor basado en entrevistas y en una aproximación etnográfica, nos ha permitido analizar y entender la producción del artista que no es reconocido como tal sí como parte de un grupo de artesanos étnico-amazónico. Al mismo tiempo, ideas importantes como las de Homi Bhabha tendrían que considerar la cultura y ser repensadas antes de ser aplicadas o adaptadas en asuntos particulares y ajenos, caso de la pintura indìgena. El resultado es una interpretación diferente y posmoderna de la obra “El Búho” del pintor amazónico-peruano Guímer García, la cual muestra la obra artística en términos culturales complejos y originales que podrían permitir una revaloración importante y una reconsideración al artista.
Palabras claves: Cultura, Pintura, Shipibo, Interpretación, Arte amazónico.
Jugar con un lenguaje verbal en el espacio plástico: Xul Solar, la pintura y las lenguas inventadas
Authors: Armijos Andrea 
Published: March 2018

A través del análisis de tres de sus obras, correspondientes a tres etapas diferentes de su vida artística, se pretende examinar la manera en que el artista argentino Xul Solar dinamizó los espacios artísticos para unirlos y trabajar en una intersección, especialmente entre la poesía/lenguaje y el arte plástico. Se contempla la activación de la palabra en un espacio pictórico, pero además como estas palabras y estas imágenes buscaban ser un correlato de los intereses más profundos del artista.
Palabras claves: Xul Solar, grafías, lenguaje, espacio plástico.
Pensando en la memoria de las artes, el diseño y la arquitectura en el Ecuador: el caso LIPADA – PUCE
Authors: Lusardi Giada 
Published: March 2018

LIPADA - PUCE constituye un laboratorio/archivo que conserva, investiga y difunde materiales que aportan a la consolidación de la memoria de la arquitectura, el diseño y las artes del Ecuador del siglo XX. Se construye a través de archivos privados donados a la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, específicamente para el proyecto.
El presente artículo aborda la naturaleza de LIPADA en relación a su definición como laboratorio y archivo y las modalidades con las cuales se inscribe en el actual debate sobre archivos, tomando en cuenta una serie de aspectos que caracterizan la investigación en los ámbitos de la arquitectura, el diseño y las artes. Finalmente, se revisarán algunos modelos referenciales para pensar en su configuración, en la medida que reflexionan sobre la documentación del “proyecto”, las modalidades de catalogación, digitalización, y difusión, así como la relación entre archivo y universidad.
Palabras claves: Archivo, artes, arquitectura, diseño, memoria, patrimonio, proyecto, laboratorio.
Yetiştirici koşullarında kıl keçi ve saanen x kıl keçi genotiplerinin (F1, G1, G2) büyüme özellikleri ve yaşama gücü üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: TOZLU ÇELİK Hilal , OLFAZ Mustafa 
Published: March 2018

Bu araştırma,
Saanen x Kıl (S x K) keçi genotipleri (F1, G1 ve G2)
ve Kıl keçilerinde büyüme ve yaşama gücünü ve etkili faktörleri tespit etmek
amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Amasya ili Sarılar köyünde özel bir işletmede
yetiştirilen 24
baş S x K F1, 91 baş S x K G1, 14 baş S x K G2 ve
53 baş Kıl keçisi oğlakları ile yürütülmüştür. Oğlakların doğum, 1 ay, 2.5 ay ve 6 ay canlı
ağırlıkları üzerine genotip, doğum tipi ve cinsiyetin etkisi önemli (P&lt;0.05)
bulunmuştur. Ana yaşının oğlakların doğum ve 2.5 ay canlı ağırlıkları üzerine etkisinin
önemli (P&lt;0.05) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sütten kesim döneminde (2.5 ay) vücut
ölçülerinden vücut uzunluğu (VU), cidago yüksekliği (CY), ön incik çevresi
(ÖİÇ), göğüs çevresi (GÇ) ve sağrı yüksekliği (SY) üzerine genotipin etkisi
önemli (P&lt;0.05) bulunmuştur. Oğlakların 2.5 ay vücut ölçülerinden göğüs
derinliği (GD) üzerine cinsiyetin etkisi önemli (P&lt;0.05), VU, ÖİÇ, GÇ ve
göğüs genişliği (GG) üzerine doğum tipinin etkisinin önemli (P&lt;0.05) olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Dokuz aylık vücut ölçülerinden GÇ ve SY genotipten önemli
(P&lt;0.05) düzeyde etkilenmiş, CY ve ÖİÇ ise cinsiyetten önemli düzeyde
(P&lt;0.05) etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada S x K G2
melez erkek oğlakların yaşama gücünün (% 87.5) S x K G2 dişi
oğlaklardan (% 50.0)
yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak yetiştirici koşullarında Saanen ile Kıl
keçi arasındaki melezlemelerde Saanen ırkının kan derecesinin artmasıyla doğan
melez oğlaklarda büyüme özellikleri ve yaşama gücünün olumsuz etkilenebileceği
ve çevre koşullarına karşı duyarlılıklarının artabileceği söylenebilir.
O mundo em transformação: cosmopolítica e desenvolvimento entre os Asháninka do rio Ene, Selva Central do Peru
Authors: Viana Pedro Alex Rodrigues 
Published: March 2018

O trabalho propõe apresentar o gradiente de diferença social e as relações assimétricas entre os asháninka (um grupo falante de uma língua da família Arawak) ene sati, que vivem nas partes baixas, são agricultores e produtores de cacau, os kanoja sati, habitantes das partes altas, onde buscam isolamento para continuar a “viver bem” e as as agencias humanas e não humanas com quem não se pode viver bem. O vale do Ene tem sido palco nos últimos anos de extrema violência, fruto da guerra contra o Sendero Luminoso, o narcotráfico, projetos de desenvolvimento e a exploração de madeira. Para responder a estes problemas, a Comunidade Nativa Cutivireni adotou uma “política externa” de fechamento aos chori, colonos andinos, não permitindo a entrada de madeireiros e negociando a preservação ambiental com uma ONG do Reino Unido e uma “política interna” de interpretação cosmológica a todos os seus problemas, acusando os kanoja sati de bruxaria, ou os kamari (espirito dos mortos), ou os gringos alados, pelas mortes causadas pelas doenças e desnutrição. Nesse sentido, um dos objetivos principais dessa reflexão consiste em mapear as transformações do mundo vivido Asháninka frente ao contexto de abertura ao desenvolvimento incentivada pelo governo peruano nos últimos anos.
PENDAPATAN JASA BERBASIS SAK PADA RUMAH SAKIT WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO MAKASSAR
Authors: Arfah Eka Ariaty 
Published: March 2018

Rumah sakit adalah merupakan salah satu organisasi nirlaba. Salah satu hal yang sangat penting dalam penyajian informasi akuntansi pada organisasi nirlaba, dalam hal ini rumah sakit adalah mengenai masalah pengukuran jumlah, saat dan kepastian aliran pendapatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo di Makassar telah sesuai dengan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan pada tahun 2015 sampai 2016 .Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif komparatif dan melakukan observasi dan perhitungan terhadap data-data yang tercatat dalam laporan aktivitas dan laporan arus kas. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah PSAK No. 45 dan PSAK No.23 bahwa pengakuan pendapatan secara khusus telah memiliki Standar yaitu pernyataan Standar akuntansi keuangan No.23 dan PSAK no 45. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laporan keuangan pada Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo di Makassar sudah sesuai dengan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (SAK) hal ini dapat dilihat dari Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo dalam prakteknya bahwa sudah menerapkan sistem akuntansi dalam rangka pelaporan keuangan. Laporan keuangan terlampir menyajikan secara wajar, dalam semua hal yang material, posisi keuangan BLU-RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar tanggal 31 Desember 2016, serta kinerja keuangan dan arus kas untuk tahun yang berakhir pada tanggal tersebut, sesuai dengan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan.
ANALISIS RASIO LIKUIDITAS, RASIO PROFITABILITAS, DAN ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA) PADA KINERJA KEUANGAN PT. SIANTAR TOP Tbk (Periode 2011-2014)
Authors: Kurniawan Moh. Zaki 
Published: March 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan PT. Siantar Top Tbk yang diukur menggunakan rasio likuiditas, rasio profitabilitas, dan EVA berdasarkan laporan keuangan periode 2011-2014. Alat analisis yang digunakan untuk mengukur rasio likuiditas adalah rasio rasio lancar dan Quick Ratio, untuk rasio profitabilitas adalah profit margin, Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), dan metode Economic Value Added (EVA). Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan, kinerja keuangan PT. Siantar Top Tbk: 1) rasio likuiditas PT. Siantar Top Tbk masuk dalam kategori tidak baik untuk rasio lancar dan quick ratio. 2) rasio profitabilitas PT. Siantar Top Tbk masuk dalam kategori tidak sehat untuk profit margin, baik sekali untuk ROA dan ROE. 3) EVA PT. Siantar Top Tbk masuk dalam kategori negatif.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI BERBASIS RASIO LIKUIDITAS, PROFITABILITAS, SOLVABILITAS DAN AKTIVITAS (Studi Komparasi pada PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk dan PT Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk)
Authors: Kurniawan Moh. Zaki 
Published: March 2018

Laporan keuangan bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan perusahaan PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk dan PT Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk yang berdasarkan rasio likuiditas, profitabilitas, solvabilitas, dan aktivitas. Subyek penelitian ini adalah PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk dan PT Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk. Obyek dalam penelitian ini meliputi rasio likuiditas, rasio profitabilitas, solvabilitas, aktivitas dan kinerja keuangan. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan perhitungan rasio likuiditas, rasio solvabilitas, rasio profitabilitas dan rasio aktivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : (1) rasio likuiditas PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk lebih baik dari PT Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk, (2) rasio profitabilitas PT Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk lebih baik dari PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk, (3) rasio solvabilitas PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk lebih baik dari PT Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk, (4) rasio aktivitas PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk lebih baik dari PT Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk.
PENINGKATAN MUTU GENETIK INDUK DAN CALON INDUK KAMBING PE PROLIFIK MELALUI PEMANFAATAN PAKAN KULIT BUAH KAKAO
Authors: - Zulkharnaim , A Syamsu Jasmal , A Dagong Muhammad Ihsan , Sabile Sahiruddin 
Published: March 2018

Pod husks from waste cocoa crops used as alternative feed goats Peranakan Etawah. This study aims to determine the impact of the pod husks as a feed supplement to increase body size of adult female and parent in preparing for pregnancy. A total of 30 goats were divided into 16 tails dara and 14 breeding, reared intensively for 60 days. Pod husks were feeding as many as 1000-1500 g / head / day. The analysis used the PCR RFLP. The results showed the average growth of Body Lenght for the adult female, the prolific parent and single parent respectively by 1.75, 2:18 and 1:59 cm, while the average increase respectively Shoulder Height 1:49, and 1:12 1.97 cm. The results of the analysis of PCR RFLP GH MspI produced three genotypes, namely TT; TC and CC. Obtained genotype frequencies of TT (0091); TC (0409) and CC (0500). GH MspI gene polymorphism is not associated with the prolific nature, but related with the average increase in body size. It can be seen in the TT genotype showed the average increase Body Lenght (2.26 cm) and Shoulder Height (1.80), while TC and CC is almost the same (not different). Program selection on the growth potential of goats can use TT genotype.
Tingkat Adopsi Inovasi Ib (Inseminasi Buatan) Pada Peternak Sapi Potong Di Kecamatan Lalabata Kabupaten Soppeng Adoption Of Innovation Ai ( Artificial Insemination ) Breeder In
Authors: Nugraha Angga , Abdullah Agustina , Sirajuddin Nurani 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which farmers in adopting the technology of artificial insemination by measuring the time it takes breeders from receipt of the information to be applied , the quality of AI ( Application and recommendation ) , and Area Applied IB in cattle . The research was conducted in August - September 2014 against 30 respondents from 30 populations breeders who use technology AI ( Artificial Insemination ) . Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by using tables Distribution Frekuwensi results showed adoption rate of technological innovation Artificial Insemination ( AI ) in beef cattle farms in the district Lalabata Soppeng ie Stage time is needed breeders from the receipt of the information to be obtained on application High category in the sense of the ability of farmers to adopt an innovation has been rapid , stage area located on the application of Low Category this suggests that the broad application of the implementation of the AI in the district as a whole Lalabata the breeder has done these activities , but not all animals in peliharanya apply technology Artificial Insemination ( AI ) , and Phase AI quality is in the category Medium this suggests that the quality of AI in District Lalabata Soppeng ie almost entirely of farmers already know the signs of estrus in livestock before conducting AI. Keywords : Adoption Levels , Artificial Insemination , Beef Cattle Breeders
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH LAKTASI (Studi Kasus Di Desa Minggirsari Kecamatan Kanigoro Kabupaten Blitar)
Authors: Ernawan Mohamad 
Published: March 2018

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengeluaran atau biaya-biaya yang dikeluarkan dalam usaha peternakan sapi perah laktasi, mengetahui penerimaan dalam usaha peternakan sapi perah laktasi dan mengetahui pendapatan usaha peternakan sapi perah laktasi.Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan penelitian ini adalah biaya total pada usaha peternakan sapi perah laktasi di Desa Minggirsari yaitu sebesar Rp. 52.934.600/tahun terdiri dari biaya tetap sebesar Rp. 8.141.100/tahun dan biaya variabel sebesar Rp. 44.793.500/tahun. Total penerimaan pada usaha peternakan sapi perah laktasi Di Desa Minggirsari yaitu sebesar Rp. 56.069.700/tahun terdiri dari penjualan susu sebesar Rp. 45.864.700/tahun, penjualan pedet sebesar Rp. 5.233.300/tahun, dan penjualan sapi afkir sebesar Rp. 3.925.000, dan penjualan limbah sebesar Rp. 1.046.700/tahun. Keuntungan usaha peternakan sapi perah laktasi di Desa Minggirsari sebesar Rp. 3.135.000/tahun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan : sebaiknya peternak melakukan analisis pendapatan dengan teliti agar dapat mengetahui jumlh pendapatan bersih yang diperoleh, sebaiknya peternak meningkatkan jumlah sapi perah laktasi yang dipelihara sehingga keutungan yang diperoleh lebih besar, dan sebaiknya pemerintah membatasi impor susu sapi sehingga kesejahteraan pelaku usaha peternakan sapi perah meningkat.
PERBEDAAN JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS DEFOLIASI PERTAMA RUMPUT MOTT (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott
Authors: Istikomah Nur , Kunharjanti Agustina Widyasworo 
Published: March 2018

The research was conducted in Sumber Sumber Village of Sanankulon District of Blitar, during April 22 to June 16, 2017.The trial used 10 Mott grass poles on each plot with different spacing ie, P0 = 50 x 100 cm, P1 = 75 x 100 cm, P2 = 100 x 100 cm and P3 = 125 x 100 cm. Parameters measured were number of tillers, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight and leaf green index. The design used was a complete randomized design (Gazpers, 1991) consisting of 4 treatments of 6 replications.The result of variance showed that the difference of plant spacing had no significant effect (p > 0,05) on productivity including number of tiller, plant height, leaf width, leaf length, fresh weight of green leaf index. Based on the results of research on differences in spacing to the productivity of first defoliation Mott grass then Need further research on the effect of cropping methods on grass growth and productivity.Keywords: plant spacing, Mott grass, productivity.
GENETIC STRUCTURALISM AND VALUE OF CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE MONOLOGUE MATINYA TOEKANG KRITIK, THE DEATH OF CRITICIZERS BY AGUS NOOR
Authors: Maulina Oktalifa Hanna , Suyitno Suyitno , Wardani Nugraheni Eko 
Published: March 2018

The aims of this research are to describe writer’s point of view of Agus Noor on monologue Matinya Toekang Kritik, the Death of Criticisers, text structure, social structure, and tolerance attitude as the character building values in the work. This research is the descriptive qualitative research. Data were validated using theory triangulation and data triangulation. The data were analyzed using interactive analysis techniques and content analysis. The results are: (1) Drama writer group’s point of view is social humanism, (2) Monolog text structure describes demonstrative life with Javanese values that found through structuralism analysis approach, (3) Monologue text structure is divided into harmony, honourability, the lifestyle of priyayi and wong cilik and also the relationship between priyayi and government, and (4) The most dominant character building is tolerance shown explicitly or implicitly by the players.
BAHAN AJAR WRITING FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES BERBASIS SELF-MOTIVATED LEARNING
Authors: Solikhah Imroatus 
Published: March 2018

This study is aimed at devising teaching materials for Writing for Academic Purposes (WAP). In context of English for Academic Purposes (EAP), writing is the core materials together woth reading comprehension and critical thinking. The study used Recursive Reflective Design and Development (R2D2) from Willis (1995). The main data if this study were writing materials for academic purposes and the subjects of the study included lecturer, students, and expert in writing. The study revealed two main ifndings. In the Defining Stage, the findings indicated that WAP should include writing for academic purposes that start from paragraph, three paragraph-composition, and 3-5 paragraph essay. The model of the essay is argumentative or persuasive essay as it is applicable for Test of Written English (TWE) for the TOEFL. In the Design and Development Stage, the WAP materials were developed into four components of instructional design: Competency Standard, Basic Competency, Indicators, and Core Materials. In overall outline, the design of WAP is begun with paragraph and its component and the essay for TWE.
KEBIJAKAN PENINGKATAN IKLIM KERJA DI SD SE-KECAMATAN KESAMBEN
Authors: Soebiantoro Soebiantoro 
Published: March 2018

This study is a correlational study seeing the relationship between work condition and teacher’s performance in teaching. The study uses 61 respondents in SDs of Kesamben. Product Moment correlation was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicated that a significant correlation was obtained. Statistical testing showed that the work condition (X) has positive relationship to the teacher’s performance (Y) at p=0.005 and df = 16. Relying on the r-value 0.803, Ho of this study was rejected since r-table was lower (0.254). This means work condicition has significant relationship to teacher’s performance, implying that the better the work atmosphere is the better the teacher performance at school.