bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of intraoral photographic orthodontic records
Authors: Jackson Tate H. , Kirk Christopher J. , Phillips Ceib , Koroluk Lorne D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were (1) to investigate how relevant intraoral photographs are to contemporary orthodontic diagnosis and (2) to assess orthodontists' ability to accurately diagnose angle classification and dental midlines using standardized intraoral photographs.MethodsStudy participants were orthodontists who completed a survey regarding photography protocols and their use of intraoral photographs for diagnosis. Each participant was randomized to complete 1 visual diagnostic task regarding either angle classification or midlines. Accuracy was compared across groups and camera angulations.ResultsIn all, 80% of 192 respondents reported using photographs and clinic notes to plan orthodontic treatment; 50% also included dental casts. For the angle task, accuracy judging molar and canine classification was 79.9% and 51.3%, respectively with ideal standardized photographs. As camera angulation deviated, accuracy decreased significantly (P < 0.0001). For the midline task, accuracy judging the direction of deviation decreased with a small camera angulation change yet increased with a large change (P < 0.001).ConclusionsWhen using ideal intraoral photographs alone to diagnose angle classification and midline relationships, accuracy is not likely to be greater than 80%. As camera angulation becomes less ideal, by 15 degrees when judging angle classification or 4 degrees when judging midlines, accuracy is likely to significantly decrease.Clinical significanceFor the clinician who wants to have the most accurate and complete records, our results suggest that intra‐oral photos alone may not be adequate when it comes to judging occlusal relationships such as angle classification and esthetic parameters like midlines. When using ideal intraoral photographs to diagnose angle classification and midline relationships, accuracy is not likely to be greater than 80%. As camera angulation becomes less ideal, by as little as 15 degrees when judging angle classification or 4 degrees when judging midlines, accuracy is likely to decrease significantly. Understanding these limitations will allow clinicians to improve both their clinical photography technique and their diagnostic skills.
The increase of interfollicular epidermal stem cells and regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its repressors in the skin through hydroporation with anti‐aging cocktail
Authors: Shin Jung‐Won , Choi Hye‐Ryung , Yang Seung‐Hye , Choi Ji‐Young , Na Jung‐Im , Huh Chang‐Hun , Park Kyoung‐Chan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundsHydroporation is a procedure that involves a subsonic flow of air and microdroplets into the skin. We previously reported that hydroporation treatment with a cocktail solution containing copper‐glycyl‐L‐histidyl‐L‐lysyl, oligo hyaluronic acid, rhodiola extract, tranexamic acid, and β‐glucan yielded positive effects on skin aging.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydroporation with anti‐aging cocktail on interfollicular epidermal stem cells (IFESCs) and expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/AhR repressor (AhRR) in the skin.MethodsSkin samples from six volunteers who were treated with hydroporation were analyzed via confocal microscopic examination.ResultsMarkers for dermal matrix (procollagen type I and fibrillin‐1) and basement membrane (type IV collagen and integrin α6) were increased after treatment. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the expression level of histone deacetylase 1‐positive/p63‐negative basal cells, which we previously reported as interfollicular epidermal stem cells. The expression level of AhR was significantly decreased, whereas that of AhRR was increased. This indicates an alteration in the interaction between the skin and environment posttreatment.ConclusionAnti‐aging hydroporation treatment recovered the stem cell potential of basal cells. Moreover, this treatment decreased AhR and increased AhRR in the skin, which may protect the skin from the harmful environment.
Appearance of aging signs in differently pigmented facial skin by a novel imaging system
Authors: Campiche Remo , Trevisan Solène , Séroul Pierre , Rawlings Anthony V. , Adnet Cyprien , Imfeld Dominik , Voegeli Rainer 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundFacial wrinkles, pores, and uneven skin tone are major beauty concerns. There is differential manifestation of aging signs in different ethnic groups. In this regard, studies on Black Africans from the African continent are scarce.ObjectiveTo investigate facial wrinkles, pores, and skin tone in Black African women from Mauritius Island and elucidate the differences to Caucasian women from France.MethodsFacial images were taken using the imaging system ColorFace®. Wrinkles and pores were measured by their length, depth, surface, volume, and number; for skin tone, we measured L*a*b* and calculated ITA, IWANewtone, and color homogeneity.ResultsWe found good correlations of wrinkle and pore scores with expert ranking done on ColorFace® images for Caucasians (Spearman's rho = 0.78 and 0.72) and Black Africans (Spearman's rho = 0.86 and 0.65). Caucasians showed more advanced facial signs of aging than Black Africans. Exceptions were vertical lines on upper lip and the depth of pores which were greatest for the Black African subjects. Black Africans had higher heterogeneity scores indicative for uneven skin tone. Luminance (L*) was significantly higher in Caucasians but a* and b* values were significantly higher in the Black African subjects. ITA and IWANewtone were significantly higher for Caucasians.ConclusionsThe high correlation between expert ranking and wrinkle and pore measurements prove ColorFace® a valid imaging system to study skin aging. Our results show that Africans from the African continent show delayed signs of aging compared to Caucasians. Some exceptions suggest that ethnic differences in facial aging are a complex phenomenon.
Characterization of changes in intrahepatic immune cell populations during HCV treatment with sofosbuvir and ribavirin
Authors: Orr Cody , Aartun Johannes , Masur Henry , Kottilil Shyam , Meissner Eric G. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryTreatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) results in a sustained virologic response (SVR) in most patients. While highly efficacious, ~3%‐5% of patients do not achieve SVR despite having virus that appears susceptible. It is unclear whether host factors contribute to treatment failures, although innate and adaptive immunity may play a role. Previous studies showed that after DAA treatment, the composition of intrahepatic immune cells does not normalize relative to healthy volunteers, even in cases where SVR is achieved. We used paired pre‐ and post‐treatment liver biopsies from 13 patients treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin, 4 of whom relapsed, to analyse intracellular immune changes during DAA treatment and explore correlations with inflammation and treatment outcome. We performed single marker immunohistochemistry followed by electronic image capture, manual annotation of parenchymal and non‐parenchymal regions, and quantitative image analysis. The predominant cellular change during treatment was a decrease in CD8+ cellular density in both parenchymal and non‐parenchymal regions. CD68+ Kupffer cell density correlated with hepatic inflammation (AST, ALT) pre‐treatment, but did not change during treatment. CD4+ cellular density decreased in non‐parenchymal regions and, intriguingly, was lower pre‐treatment in subjects who eventually relapsed. Other cellular markers (CD56, CD20), as well as markers of apoptosis (TIA‐1) and activated stellate cells, did not change significantly during treatment or differ by treatment outcome. The predominant intrahepatic cellular change during DAA treatment of chronic HCV infection is a reduction in CD8+ cellular density, but this did not correlate with treatment outcome.
Identification and removal of contaminating microbial DNA from PCR reagents: impact on low-biomass microbiome analyses
Authors: Stinson L.F. , Keelan J.A. , Payne M.S. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Reagent-derived contamination can compromise the integrity of microbiome data, particularly in low microbial biomass samples. This contamination has recently been attributed to the ‘kitome’ (contamination introduced by the DNA extraction kit), prior to which attention was mostly paid to potential contamination introduced by PCR reagents. In this study, we assessed the proportion to which our DNA extraction kit and PCR master mix introduce contaminating microbial DNA to bacterial microbial profiles generated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Utilizing a commercial dsDNase treatment protocol to decontaminate the PCR master mix, we demonstrated that the vast majority of contaminating DNA was derived from the PCR master mix. Importantly, this contamination was almost completely eliminated using the simple dsDNase treatment, resulting in a 99% reduction in contaminating bacterial reads. We suggest that dsDNase treatment of PCR reagents should be explored as a simple and effective way of reducing contamination in low-biomass microbiome studies and producing more robust and reliable data.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Reagent contamination with microbial DNA is a major problem in microbiome studies of low microbial biomass samples. Levels of such contaminating DNA often outweigh what is present in the sample and heavily confound subsequent data analysis. Previous studies have suggested this contamination is primarily derived from DNA extraction kits. Here, we identified the PCR master mix as the primary source of contamination, and showed that enzymatic removal of the contamination drastically reduced the blank signal and improved precision. Decontamination of PCR master mixes may have the potential to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of low-biomass microbiome studies.
A thylakoid‐located carbonic anhydrase regulates CO2 uptake in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Sun Nan , Han Xunling , Xu Min , Kaplan Aaron , Espie George S. , Mi Hualing 
Published: November 2018

Summary

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are involved in CO2 uptake and conversion, a fundamental process in photosynthetic organisms. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying the regulation of CO2 uptake and intracellular conversion in cyanobacteria is largely unknown.

We report the characterization of a previously unrecognized thylakoid‐located CA Slr0051 (EcaB) from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, which possesses CA activity to regulate CO2 uptake.

Inactivation of ecaB stimulated CO2 hydration in the thylakoids, suppressed by the classical CA inhibitor acetazolamide. Absence of ecaB increased the reduced state of the photosynthetic electron transport system, lowered the rate of photosynthetic O2 evolution at high light (HL) and pH, and decreased the cellular affinity for extracellular inorganic carbon. Furthermore, EcaB was upregulated in cells grown at limiting CO2 concentration or HL in tandem with CupA. EcaB is mainly located in the thylakoid membranes where it interacts with CupA and CupB involved in CO2 uptake by converting it to bicarbonate.

We propose that modulation of the EcaB level and activity in response to CO2 changes, illumination or pH reversibly regulates its conversion to HCO3 by the two CO2‐uptake systems (CupA, CupB), dissipating the excess HCO3− and alleviating photoinhibition, and thereby optimizes photosynthesis, especially under HL and alkaline conditions.
Oral ulceration with bone sequestration: Retrospective study of eight cases and literature review
Authors: Thermos Grigorios , Kalogirou Eleni‐Marina , Tosios Konstantinos I. , Sklavounou Alexandra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveOral ulceration with bone sequestration (OUBS) describes a site‐specific intraoral ulcer that covers exposed, non‐vital bone in patients lacking any etiological factor known to induce osteonecrosis. We aimed to conduct a retrospective study of eight new cases of OUBS and review the literature.Subjects and MethodsThis is a retrospective study of OUBS cases, diagnosed and managed during 2007–2017. Inclusion criteria were the presence of oral ulcer with exposed non‐vital bone at sites of bone prominence and the absence of any factor known to cause osteonecrosis. The English literature was reviewed on original OUBS cases.ResultsEight patients (5 males and 3 females, aged 27–75 years) were diagnosed with OUBS during years 2007–2017. Four cases involved the mandibular mylohyoid ridge, one a mandibular anterior exostosis and three the maxillary buccal/palatal exostoses. Exposed bone was removed under local anesthesia, resulting in complete healing in all cases. The literature review yielded 32 OUBS cases in the mandible.ConclusionOral ulceration with bone sequestration is a distinct, probably under‐reported rather than rare clinical entity that should be regarded the provisional diagnosis in case of an oral ulcer covering exposed, non‐vital bone at sites of bone prominence in patients lacking any etiological factor known to induce osteonecrosis.
Patient knowledge of FDA‐mandated sunscreen labeling terminology: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Prado Giselle , Svoboda Ryan M. , Teplitz Rebeca W. , Farberg Aaron S. , Rigel Darrell S. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundInsufficient understanding of sunscreen labeling terminology is a barrier to effective use. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued the “final rule” on sunscreen labeling in 2011, in an effort to promote effective usage. However, relatively little is known about patient knowledge of sunscreen labeling terminology. This study assesses the sunscreen labeling knowledge of dermatology patients, with an emphasis on understanding of the FDA‐mandated wording.MethodsA validated survey was administered to consecutive dermatology office patients. Respondents answered questions about sunscreen use practices, sunscreen knowledge, and demographics. To assess their sunscreen knowledge, they responded to questions on the concepts of sun protection factor, broad‐spectrum, and waterproof.ResultsA total of 334 patients completed surveys. Only 8.7% of patients correctly answered all three questions related to sunscreen labeling terminology. Patients with a personal history of skin cancer were more likely to answer more than half of the questions correctly (P = 0.004). Older persons and those with darker skin types were most likely to answer all questions incorrectly.ConclusionGeneral understanding of sunscreen labeling was poor, and a minority of consumers comprehended the key features of sunscreen labeling. This knowledge gap appeared to be slightly smaller in the subpopulation of patients with a personal history of skin cancer.
Physical activity associates with disease characteristics of severe asthma, bronchiectasis and COPD
Authors: Cordova‐Rivera Laura , Gibson Peter G. , Gardiner Paul A. , McDonald Vanessa M. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivePhysical activity (PA) in obstructive airway diseases (OAD) is likely to be impaired but this has not been extensively studied outside of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We describe PA levels in severe asthma and bronchiectasis compared to moderate–severe COPD and to controls, and tested the cross‐sectional associations of PA (steps/day) with shared disease characteristics in the OAD group.MethodsAdults with OAD (severe asthma = 62, COPD = 67, bronchiectasis = 60) and controls (n = 63) underwent a multidimensional assessment, including device‐measured PA levels.ResultsThe OAD group included 189 participants (58.7% females), with median (interquartile range) age of 67 (58–72) years and mean forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) % predicted of 69.4%. Demographic characteristics differed between groups. Compared to controls (52.4% females, aged 55 (34–64) years, median 7640 steps/day), those with severe asthma, bronchiectasis and COPD accumulated less steps/day: median difference of −2255, −2289, and −4782, respectively (P ≤ 0.001). Compared to COPD, severe asthma and bronchiectasis participants accumulated more steps/day: median difference of 2375 and 2341, respectively (P ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were found between the severe asthma and bronchiectasis group. Exercise capacity, FEV1% predicted, dyspnoea and systemic inflammation differed between groups, but were each significantly associated with steps/day in OAD. In the multivariable model adjusted for all disease characteristics, exercise capacity and FEV1% predicted remained significantly associated.ConclusionPA impairment is common in OAD. The activity level was associated with shared characteristics of these diseases. Interventions to improve PA should be multifactorial and consider the level of impairment and the associated characteristics.
Impact of different standard red blood cell storage temperatures on human and canine RBC hemolysis and chromium survival
Authors: Blaine Kevin P. , Cortés‐Puch Irene , Sun Junfeng , Wang Dong , Solomon Steven B. , Feng Jing , Gladwin Mark T. , Kim‐Shapiro Daniel B. , Basu Swati , Perlegas Andreas , West Kamille , Klein Harvey G. , Natanson Charles 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDStorage temperature is a critical factor for maintaining red‐blood cell (RBC) viability, especially during prolonged cold storage. The target range of 1 to 6°C was established decades ago and may no longer be optimal for current blood‐banking practices.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSHuman and canine RBCs were collected under standard conditions and stored in precision‐controlled refrigerators at 2°C, 4°C, or 6°C.RESULTSDuring 42‐day storage, human and canine RBCs showed progressive increases in supernatant non–transferrin‐bound iron, cell‐free hemoglobin, base deficit, and lactate levels that were overall greater at 6°C and 4°C than at 2°C. Animals transfused with 7‐day‐old RBCs had similar plasma cell‐free hemoglobin and non–transferrin‐bound iron levels at 1 to 72 hours for all three temperature conditions by chromium‐51 recovery analysis. However, animals transfused with 35‐day‐old RBCs stored at higher temperatures developed plasma elevations in non–transferrin‐bound iron and cell‐free hemoglobin at 24 and 72 hours. Despite apparent impaired 35‐day storage at 4°C and 6°C compared to 2°C, posttransfusion chromium‐51 recovery at 24 hours was superior at higher temperatures. This finding was confounded by a preparation artifact related to an interaction between temperature and storage duration that leads to removal of fragile cells with repeated washing of the radiolabeled RBC test sample and renders the test sample unrepresentative of the stored unit.CONCLUSIONSRBCs stored at the lower bounds of the temperature range are less metabolically active and produce less anaerobic acidosis and hemolysis, leading to a more suitable transfusion product. The higher refrigeration temperatures are not optimal during extended RBC storage and may confound chromium viability studies.
Use of an aiming device and computed tomography for assisted debridement of subchondral cystic lesions in the limbs of horses
Authors: Jackson Michelle A. , Ohlerth Stefanie , Fürst Anton E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of an aiming device (AD) and computed tomography (CT) for preoperative planning and intraoperative guided debridement of subchondral cystic lesions (SCL) in the limbs of horses and to determine the outcome 12 months after surgery.Study designProspective case series.AnimalsTwelve horses referred because of lameness caused by 1 or 2 SCL (total of 14 SCL).MethodsAll horses underwent CT‐guided debridement of the SCL. The entry point of the drill bit and direction of drilling were planned and controlled by using a series of CT images and the AD. The SCL were curetted and filled with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2. Surgical times were calculated, and the outcome was determined 12 months after surgery.ResultsThe use of an AD and CT allowed precise and straightforward drilling of the SCL. The entry point of the drill bit into the SCL was considered optimal in 11 SCL and satisfactory in 3 SCL, and the lesions could be precisely debrided with preservation of the adjacent subchondral bone in all cases. There were no complications. Mean (range) surgery time was 75 (45–115) minutes. The outcome 12 months postoperatively was favorable in 10 of 11 horses. One horse died due to unrelated reasons.ConclusionThe use of CT and an AD allowed precise debridement of all SCL in the limbs of 12 horses.Clinical significanceCT‐guided surgical debridement of SCL of the equine digit appears to result in a favorable outcome.
SIRT1 overexpression attenuates offspring metabolic and liver disorders as a result of maternal high‐fat feeding
Authors: Nguyen Long T. , Chen Hui , Zaky Amgad , Pollock Carol , Saad Sonia 
Published: November 2018

Key points
Maternal high‐fat diet (MHF) consumption led to metabolic and liver disorders in male offspring, which are associated with reduced sirtuin (SIRT)1 expression and activity in the offspring liver
SIRT1 overexpression in MHF offspring reduced their body weight and adiposity and normalized lipid metabolic markers in epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues
SIRT1 overexpression in MHF offspring improved glucose tolerance, as well as systemic and hepatic insulin sensitivity
SIRT1 overexpression ameliorated MHF‐induced lipogenesis, oxidative stress and fibrogenesis in the liver of offspring.
AbstractMaternal obesity can increase the risk of metabolic disorders in the offspring. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for this is not clearly understood. Previous evidence implied that sirtuin (SIRT)1, a potent regulator of energy metabolism and stress responses, may play an important role. In the present study, we have shown, in C57BL/6 mice, that maternal high‐fat diet (HFD) consumption can induce a pre‐diabetic and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease phenotype in the offspring, associated with reduced SIRT1 expression in the hypothalamus, white adipose tissues (WAT) and liver. Importantly, the overexpression of SIRT1 in these offspring significantly attenuated the excessive accumulation of epididymal (Epi) white adipose tissue (WAT) and retroperitoneal (Rp)WAT (P < 0.001), glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (both P < 0.05) at weaning age. These changes were associated with the suppression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR)γ (P < 0.01), PPARγ‐coactivator 1‐alpha (P < 0.05) and sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c in EpiWAT (P < 0.01), whereas there was increased expression of PPARγ in RpWAT (P < 0.05). In the liver, PPARγ mRNA expression, as well as Akt protein expression and activity, were increased (P < 0.05), whereas fatty acid synthase and carbohydrate response element binding protein were downregulated (P < 0.05), supporting increased insulin sensitivity and reduced lipogenesis in the liver. In addition, hepatic expression of endogenous anti‐oxidants, including glutathione peroxidase 1 and catalase, was increased (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively), whereas collagen and fibronectin deposition was suppressed (P < 0.01). Collectively, the present study provides direct evidence of the mechanistic significance of SIRT1 in maternal HFD‐induced metabolic dysfunction in offspring and suggests that SIRT1 is a promising target for fetal reprogramming.