bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H2O2 Tolerance in Pseudomonas Fluorescens: Synergy between Pyoverdine‐Iron(III) Complex and a Blue Extracellular Product Revealed by a Nanotechnology‐Based Electrochemical Approach
Authors: Magro Massimiliano , Baratella Davide , Jakubec Petr , Corraducci Vittorino , Fasolato Luca , Cardazzo Barbara , Novelli Enrico , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Zboril Radek , Vianello Fabio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Fabio Vianello from the University of Padua (Italy). The cover picture shows the proposed hidden mechanism used by P. fluorescens for hydrogen peroxide scavenging. The synergy among bacterial extracellular products were revealed by the combination of electrochemistry and nanotechnology. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/celc.201900902.
Fault detection and classification with feature representation based on deep residual convolutional neural network
Authors: Ren Xuemei , Zou Yiping , Zhang Zheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel fault detection and classification method via deep residual convolutional neural network (DRCNN). The DRCNN captures the deep process features represented by convolutional layers from local to global. Unlike traditional methods, this feature representation can extract the deep fault information and learn the latent fault patterns. Besides, a data preprocessing approach is also proposed to transform the shape of original data into the shape available for convolutional neural network. Finally, experiments based on the data set of Tennessee Eastman process (TEP), a chemical industrial process benchmark, show that the proposed method achieves superior fault detection and better classification performance compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Flavylium Salts: A Blooming Core for Bioinspired Ionic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Forschner Robert , Knelles Jakob , Bader Korinna , Müller Carsten , Frey Wolfgang , Köhn Andreas , Molard Yann , Giesselmann Frank , Laschat Sabine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThermotropic ionic liquid crystals based on the flavylium scaffold have been synthesized and studied for their structure‐properties relationship for the first time. The mesogens were probed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Low numbers of alkoxy side chains resulted in smectic (SmA) and lamello‐columnar (LamCol) phases, whereas higher substituted flavylium salts showed Colro as well as ordered and disordered columnar (Colho, Colhd) mesophases. Mesophase width ranged from 13 K to 220 K, giving access to room temperature liquid crystals. The optical properties of the synthesized compounds were probed towards absorption and emission properties. Strong absorption with maxima between 444 and 507 nm was observed, and some chromophores were highly emissive with quantum yields up to 99 %. Ultimately, mesogenic and dye properties were examined by temperature‐dependent emissive experiments in the solid state.
The effects of firm size and firm performance on CEO pay in Canada: A Re‐Examination and Extension
Authors: Yang Caroline , Singh Parbudyal , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing insights from academic and practitioners' perspectives and recent data, this paper extends the literature by using pay variables that are typically used by practitioners, including those not studied in previous academic research. Consistent with previous findings, firm size, measured by three‐year average revenues, has strong effects on CEO pay. However, the relationship is not the same for firms of different sizes. Revenue elasticity is strong among small companies and disappears for medium and large companies. Firm performance, measured by accounting‐based measures (return on assets and return on equity), and market‐based measures (total shareholder return and shareholder value), have little effects on CEO cash compensation, but strong positive effects on equity compensation. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Rolapitant in Patients With Chemotherapy‐Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Wang Jing , Zhang Zhi‐Yi , Kansra Vikram 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPopulation pharmacokinetics of rolapitant and its active metabolite M19 were studied in 482 patients receiving this neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist in combination with a 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐3 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone for prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Patients received a single dose of rolapitant (range, 9–180 mg) before administration of moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed via nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling. Rolapitant pharmacokinetics was best characterized by a 2‐compartment model. Population typical values were estimated to be 0.962 L/h for apparent oral clearance and 214 L for central compartment volume of distribution. The intercompartment clearance and peripheral compartment volume of distribution was estimated to be 2.79 L/h and 164 L, respectively. Metabolite M19 pharmacokinetics was described by a 1‐compartment model with an apparent metabolite clearance of 1.83 L/h. Intersubject variability was moderate for pharmacokinetics parameters. Weight positively correlated with central compartment volume of distribution and peripheral compartment volume of distribution but not with apparent oral clearance. No other demographic, clinical, or pathophysiologic covariates, including liver and renal function, influenced rolapitant pharmacokinetics. A slight positive trend was observed between rolapitant exposure and efficacy (ie, complete response defined as no emesis and no use of rescue medication) in the delayed phase of CINV (>24–120 hours after chemotherapy). This further supports the 180‐mg dose of rolapitant in CINV patients. In summary, this validated population pharmacokinetic model satisfactorily describes pharmacokinetics of rolapitant and M19 in patients with CINV. These results support the recommendation that no dose adjustment for patient variables investigated is necessary.
Photoenzymatic Production of Next Generation Biofuels from Natural Triglycerides Combining a Hydrolase and a Photodecarboxylase
Authors: Ma Yunjian , Zhang Xizhen , Zhang Wuyuan , Li Peilin , Li Yongru , Hollmann Frank , Wang Yonghua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA photobiocatalytic cascade transforming natural triglycerides into alkanes/alkenes is proposed. Starting from natural triglycerides, free fatty acids have been obtained using lipases. The free fatty acids were then, in a photoenzymatic step, decarboxylated into the C1‐shortened alkanes using a recently described photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64A. This cascade produced alkanes from various natural (waste) oils in significant amounts (up to 24 g L−1) and may provide a basis for valorisation of waste oils into a next generation of biodiesel.
Appropriate height of dental chairs for effective administration of chest compressions by female dentists
Authors: Nogami Kentaro , Taniguchi Shogo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the appropriate height of a dental chair for the administration of effective chest compressions by female dentists.Materials and methodsWe asked 19 female dentists to perform metronome‐guided chest compressions at a rate of 100 compressions per minute for 2 min on the floor and on a dental chair. We set the height of the dental chair to 76, 73, 70, 67, and 64 cm. We measured the compression depth and proportion of compressions performed at an adequate depth. We then compared the quality of chest compressions between the tall and short (relative to the average body height) groups of participants. We also asked the participants to specify their preferred compression height or condition for chest compression administration.ResultsThe participants recorded their maximum chest compression depth (35.0 ± 8.8 mm) at a height of 67 cm. There was no significant difference in chest compression depth between the tall and short groups, irrespective of the compression height. The maximum depth of chest compressions was achieved at a height of 67 cm (from the floor to the compression surface) in both groups, with no significant difference. The participants most frequently identified 67 cm as the most suitable height for the administration of chest compressions.ConclusionFor female dentists, a height of 67 cm is considered suitable for the administration of chest compressions in the standing position, regardless of physique.
Corruption and sustainable development: The impact on income shifting in European international groups
Authors: Marchini Pier Luigi , Mazza Tatiana , Medioli Alice 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCorruption is a proxy of low detection of opportunistic behavior and may influence managers' decisions. Considering an international scenario, the study investigates whether income shifting between subsidiaries and parents is emphasized for subsidiaries in less corrupted countries. Data refer to groups with the parent company in France, German, Italy, Spain, or UK. Using financial data, tax rate, and country corruption level, linear regression is carried out to determine the impact of corruption on income shifting process. Using anomie theory, this study offers additional evidence that corruption is a symptom of instability and influences managers' decision‐making processes. Managers tend to shift income towards less corrupted countries and so, high bribery reduces the incentive to attract foreign income. These results are novel given we focus on European international groups and not merely on single firms. They confirm the positive effects of responsible business and the attractiveness of countries that control for corruption.
Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance of WO3‐Based Composite Photoanode Coupled with Carbon Quantum Dots and NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Cao Xiaohu , Xu Chunjiang , Ma Jiarui , Dong Yinjuan , Dong Congzhao , Yue Meie , Ding Yong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn attractive photoanode material, WO3, has suffered from its limited visible‐light absorption and sluggish surface reaction kinetics, as well as poor stability in neutral electrolytes. Herein, a NiFe/CQD/WO3 composite photoanode was designed and fabricated, with loading of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and electrodeposition of NiFe layered double hydroxide. The NiFe/CQD/WO3 photoanode obtained a photocurrent density of 1.43 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, which is approximately three times higher than that of bare WO3. During the test period of 3 h, the stability of WO3 was improved substantially after the loading of cocatalysts. Furthermore, mechanistic insights of the favored band structure and beneficial charge‐transfer pathway elucidate the high photoelectrochemical performance of the NiFe/CQD/WO3 composite photoanode.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Directing‐Group‐Assisted C−H Activation of Phenols
Authors: Xu Xing , Luo Junfei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStrategies that exploit directing groups to control the site selectivity in the C−H activation of arenes have received much attention during the past two decades. In light of the importance of phenol derivatives in the areas of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science, transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H activation of phenols has proven to be an extremely useful tool in organic synthesis. This Minireview summarizes the current state‐of‐the‐art direct C−H activation of phenol derivatives under transition‐metal catalysis.
Multicriteria decision‐making techniques for avoiding similar task scheduling conflict in cloud computing
Authors: Nayak Suvendu Chandan , Parida Sasmita , Tripathy Chitaranjan , Pati Bibudhendu , Panigrahi Chhabi Rani 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAn efficient task scheduling approach shows promising way to achieve better resource utilization in cloud computing. Various task scheduling approaches with optimization and decision‐making techniques have been discussed up to now. These approaches ignored scheduling conflict among the similar tasks. The conflict often leads to miss the deadlines of the tasks. The work studies the implementation of the MCDM (multicriteria decision‐making) techniques in backfilling algorithm to execute deadline‐based tasks in cloud computing. In general, the tasks are selected as backfill tasks, whose role is to provide ideal resources to other tasks in the backfilling approach. The selection of the backfill task is challenging one, when there are similar tasks. It creates conflict in the scheduling. In cloud computing, the deadline‐based tasks have multiple parameters such as arrival time, number of VMs (virtual machines), start time, duration of execution, and deadline. In this work, we present the deadline‐based task scheduling algorithm as an MCDM problem and discuss the MCDM techniques: AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process), VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje), and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) to avoid similar task scheduling conflicts. We simulate the backfilling algorithm along with three MCDM mechanisms to avoid scheduling conflicts among the similar tasks. The synthetic workloads are considered to study the performance of the proposed scheduling algorithm. The mechanism suggests an efficient VM allocation and its utilization for deadline‐based tasks in the cloud environment.
Identify the user presence by GLRT and NP detection criteria in cognitive radio spectrum sensing
Authors: Budati Anil Kumar , Valiveti HimaBindu 
Published: August 2019

SummarySpectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks is vital and is used for identifying the user presence or absence in the available spectrum. Energy detection and matched filter detection are the few methods to identify the user presence in the spectrum. There are various authors that proposed their research on spectrum sensing using matched filter detection with fixed threshold and predefined dynamic threshold. In this paper, authors proposed the novel matched filter detection method with dynamic threshold by using generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) and Neyman Pearson (NP) observer detection criteria. Due to which the probability of detection (PD) is increased, probability of false alarm (Pfa) and probability of missed detection (Pmd) has been reduced when compare with the existing methods. The results are simulated using MATLab Software and also plotted the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for estimation of the receiver sensitivity.
Plasma metabolites related to cellular energy metabolism are altered in adults with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gross Thomas J. , Doran Eric , Cheema Amrita K. , Head Elizabeth , Lott Ira T. , Mapstone Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is a well‐known neurodevelopmental disorder most commonly caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Because individuals with DS almost universally develop heavy amyloid burden and Alzheimer's disease (AD), biomarker discovery in this population may be extremely fruitful. Moreover, any AD biomarker in DS that does not directly involve amyloid pathology may be of high value for understanding broader mechanisms of AD generalizable to the neurotypical population. In this retrospective biomarker discovery study, we examined banked peripheral plasma samples from 78 individuals with DS who met clinical criteria for AD at the time of the blood draw (DS‐AD) and 68 individuals with DS who did not (DS‐NAD). We measured the relative abundance of approximately 5,000 putative features in the plasma using untargeted mass spectrometry (MS). We found significantly higher levels of a peak putatively annotated as lactic acid in the DS‐AD group (q = .014), a finding confirmed using targeted MS (q = .011). Because lactate is the terminal product of glycolysis and subsequent lactic acid fermentation, we performed additional targeted MS focusing on central carbon metabolism which revealed significantly increased levels of pyruvic (q = .03) and methyladipic (q = .03) acids in addition to significantly lower levels of uridine (q = .007) in the DS‐AD group. These data suggest that AD in DS is accompanied by a shift from aerobic respiration toward the less efficient fermentative metabolism and that bioenergetically derived metabolites observable in peripheral blood may be useful for detecting this shift.
Effects of natural vegetative restoration on soil fungal and bacterial communities in bare patches of the southern Taihang Mountains
Authors: Zhao He , Li Xuanzhen , Zhang Zhiming , Yang JianTao , Zhao Yong , Yang Zi , Hu Qili 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the distribution and composition of soil microbes in bare patches is a critical step to improving ecological remediation. The effects of different vegetative restoration types on soil microbes within semi‐arid bare patches remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the distribution of soil fungi and bacteria among different ecological restoration types at the southern Taihang Mountains. Analysis of variance showed that the chemical properties of soil with vegetation cover have higher nutrient quality than those of the exposed soil. The results also suggested that vegetative restoration significantly improved the diversity and the richness of the soil fungal and bacterial communities. Sequencing results showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the main soil fungal communities, whereas Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the main soil bacterial communities. There were significant relationships between the contents of moisture, organic matter and organic carbon and the soil fungal/bacterial communities. Venn and network diagrams indicated that the vegetative restoration types largely influenced the soil fungi and weakly influenced the soil bacteria in the bare patches. This study discusses the importance of vegetative restoration in the ecological remediation of bare patches. These findings provide effective references for soil restorative measures, water conservation, and bare‐spot reduction at the southern Taihang Mountains in future.
Variation in sex allocation plasticity in three closely related flatworm species
Authors: Singh Pragya , Vellnow Nikolas , Schärer Lukas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSex allocation (SA) theory for simultaneous hermaphrodites predicts an influence of group size on SA. Since group size can vary within an individual's lifetime, this can favor the evolution of phenotypically plastic SA. In an emerging comparative context, we here report on SA plasticity in three closely related Macrostomum flatworm species, namely Macrostomum janickei, Macrostomum cliftonensis, and Macrostomum mirumnovem. For each species, we experimentally raised worms in three group sizes (isolated, pairs, and octets) and two enclosure sizes (small and large) in all factorial combinations and studied the effects of these factors on different estimates of SA. In addition, we also evaluated whether isolated worms engage in self‐fertilization. We found that all species have plastic SA, with M. cliftonensis being more plastic than the other two species, as assessed by comparing standardized effect sizes of (a) the presence/absence of mating partners and (b) the strength of sexual competition. Moreover, we found that sperm production rate—but not sperm morphology—is plastic in M. cliftonensis, and that only M. mirumnovem self‐fertilized during our observation period. Our study suggests that both SA and SA plasticity can diverge even between closely related species.
Rapid evolution of Medicago polymorpha during invasion shifts interactions with the soybean looper
Authors: Jack Chandra N. , Friesen Maren L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Enemy Release Hypothesis posits that invasion of novel habitats can be facilitated by the absence of coevolved herbivores. However, a new environment and interactions with unfamiliar herbivores may impose selection on invading plants for traits that reduce their attractiveness to herbivores or for enhanced defenses compared to native host plants, leading to a pattern similar to enemy release but driven by evolutionary change rather than ecological differences. The Shifting Defense Hypothesis posits that plants in novel habitats will shift from specialized defense mechanisms to defense mechanisms effective against generalist herbivores in the new range. We tested these ideas by comparing herbivore preference and performance of native (Eurasia)‐ and invasive (New World)‐range Medicago polymorpha, using a generalist herbivore, the soybean looper, that co‐occurs with M. polymorpha in its New World invaded range. We found that soybean loopers varied in preference and performance depending on host genotype and that overall the herbivore preferred to consume plant genotypes from naïve populations from Eurasia. This potentially suggests that range expansion of M. polymorpha into the New World has led to rapid evolution of a variety of traits that have helped multiple populations become established, including those that may allow invasive populations to resist herbivory. Thus, enemy release in a novel range can occur through rapid evolution by the plant during invasion, as predicted by the Shifting Defense Hypothesis, rather than via historical divergence.
Site‐specific distribution of oak rhizosphere‐associated oomycetes revealed by cytochrome c oxidase subunit II metabarcoding
Authors: Sapp Melanie , Tyborski Nicolas , Linstädter Anja , López Sánchez Aida , Mansfeldt Tim , Waldhoff Guido , Bareth Georg , Bonkowski Michael , Rose Laura E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe phylum Oomycota comprises important tree pathogens like Phytophthora quercina, involved in central European oak decline, and Phytophthora cinnamomi shown to affect holm oaks among many other hosts. Despite the importance to study the distribution, dispersal and niche partitioning of this phylum, metabarcoding surveys, and studies considering environmental factors that could explain oomycete community patterns are still rare. We investigated oomycetes in the rhizosphere of evergreen oaks in a Spanish oak woodland using metabarcoding based on Illumina sequencing of the taxonomic marker cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (cox2). We developed an approach amplifying a 333 bp long fragment using the forward primer Hud‐F (Mycologia, 2000) and a reverse primer found using DegePrime (Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2014). Factors reflecting topo‐edaphic conditions and tree health were linked to oomycete community patterns. The majority of detected OTUs belonged to the Peronosporales. Most taxa were relatives of the Pythiaceae, but relatives of the Peronosporaceae and members of the Saprolegniales were also found. The most abundant OTUs were related to Globisporangium irregulare and P. cinnamomi, both displaying strong site‐specific patterns. Oomycete communities were strongly correlated with the environmental factors: altitude, crown foliation, slope and soil skeleton and soil nitrogen. Our findings illustrate the significance of small scale variation in habitat conditions for the distribution of oomycetes and highlight the importance to study oomycete communities in relation to such ecological patterns.