bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between stressors and intensive care unit experiences
Authors: Zengin Neriman , Ören Besey , Üstündag Hülya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients in intensive care units (ICUs) face many physical and psychological stressors because of the environment of these units and their own critical conditions and experience stress in various degrees. Each stressor may affect patients' experiences in ICUs differently.Aim and objectivesThis study aimed to examine the relationship between stressors and patients' experiences in an ICU.MethodsThis descriptive, cross‐sectional study was conducted between September 2014 and June 2015 in a university hospital and included 116 patients who were admitted to the general ICU for at least 24 hours. Data were collected using the Intensive Care Experience Scale and a questionnaire that included questions about socio‐demographic and disease‐related characteristics of patients and their stressors.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 57.81 ± 13.81 years, and the mean duration of ICU stay was 2.28 ± 3.88 days. There was a moderate positive relation between the stressors noise (r = .534; P < .01), thirst (r = .438; P < .01), loneliness (r = .410; P < .01), and pain (r = .404; P < .01) and the subscale frightening experiences. However, there was a moderate, negative relation between the stressors inability to speak (r = −.444; P < .01), surrounding speeches (r = −.458; P < .01), equipment noise (r = −.490; P < .01), and physical exercise (r = −.546; P < .01) and the subscale satisfaction with care.ConclusionsThe patients associated stressors with satisfaction and frightening experiences in the early period of their discharge from the ICU. As stressors increases, so do frightening experiences, and satisfaction with care is affected negatively.Relevance to clinical practiceCurrently, stressors to which patients discharged from ICU are exposed during their admission to wards are not evaluated in practice. This study is important in that it can help health professionals be aware of effects of stressors on patients in the early period of their discharge.
Two young genes reshape a novel interaction network in Brassica napus
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Fan Yu , Xiong Jie , Guo Xiang , Hu Kaining , Wang Zhixin , Gao Jie , Wen Jing , Yi Bin , Shen Jinxiong , Ma Chaozhi , Fu Tingdong , Xia Shengqian , Tu Jinxing 
Published: August 2019

Summary

New genes often drive the evolution of gene interaction networks. In Brassica napus, the widely used genic male sterile breeding system 7365ABC is controlled by two young genes, Bnams4b and BnaMs3. However, the interaction mechanism of these two young genes remains unclear.

Here, we confirmed that Bnams4b interacts with the nuclear localised E3 ligase BRUTUS (BTS). Ectopic expression of AtBRUTUS (AtBTS) and comparison between Bnams4b‐transgenic Arabidopsis and bts mutants suggested that Bnams4b may drive translocation of BTS to cause various toxic defects.

BnaMs3 gained an exclusive interaction with the plastid outer‐membrane translocon Toc33 compared with Bnams3 and AtTic40, and specifically compensated for the toxic effects of Bnams4b. Heat shock treatment also rescued the sterile phenotype, and high temperature suppressed the interaction between Bnams4b and BTS in yeast. Furthermore, the ubiquitin system and TOC (translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts) component accumulation were affected in Bnams4b‐transgenic Arabidopsis plants.

Taken together, these results indicate that new chimeric Bnams4b carries BTS from nucleus to chloroplast, which may disrupt the normal ubiquitin–proteasome system to cause toxic effects, and these defects can be compensated by BnaMs3−Toc33 interaction or environmental heat shock. It reveals a scenario in which two population‐specific coevolved young genes reshape a novel interaction network in plants.
On quantifying the apparent temperature sensitivity of plant phenology
Authors: Keenan Trevor F. , Richardson Andrew D. , Hufkens Koen 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Many plant phenological events are sensitive to temperature, leading to changes in the seasonal cycle of ecosystem function as the climate warms. To evaluate the current and future implications of temperature changes for plant phenology, researchers commonly use a metric of temperature sensitivity, which quantifies the change in phenology per degree change in temperature.

Here, we examine the temperature sensitivity of phenology, and highlight conditions under which the widely used days‐per‐degree sensitivity approach is subject to methodological issues that can generate misleading results. We identify several factors, in particular the length of the period over which temperature is integrated, and changes in the statistical characteristics of the integrated temperature, that can affect the estimated apparent sensitivity to temperature.

We show how the resulting artifacts can lead to spurious differences in apparent temperature sensitivity and artificial spatial gradients. Such issues are rarely considered in analyses of the temperature sensitivity of phenology.

Given the issues identified, we advocate for process‐oriented modelling approaches, informed by observations and with fully characterised uncertainties, as a more robust alternative to the simple days‐per‐degree temperature sensitivity metric. We also suggest approaches to minimise and assess spurious influences in the days‐per‐degree metric.
Metallacarboranes as a tool for enhancing the activity of therapeutic peptides
Authors: Fink Krzysztof , Boratyński Janusz , Paprocka Maria , Goszczyński Tomasz M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetallacarboranes are anionic boron clusters with high affinity to serum albumin, ability to cross biological membranes, and no apparent toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Thus, conjugation with cobalt bis(1,2‐dicarbollide), [COSAN]−, ([3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H11)2]−) may improve the properties of therapeutic peptides or proteins at both molecular and systemic levels. Here, we conjugated [COSAN]− with the therapeutic peptide thymosin β4 (Tβ4), which has a pleiotropic activity that results in enhanced healing and regeneration of injured tissues. Using fluorescence quenching of human serum albumin and surface plasmon resonance techniques, we showed that the conjugates have a high affinity to human serum albumin. Using an in vitro wound closure assay, we showed that conjugation with [COSAN]− enhances the activity of Tβ4 toward fibroblasts (MSU1.1 cell line). These results indicate an application of metallacarboranes in the development of analogs of various therapeutic peptides/proteins with superior pharmacological properties.
Restorative design and associated risks for peri‐implant diseases
Authors: Dixon Douglas R. , London Robert M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of inflammatory conditions around dental implants is significant. Current analysis indicates that the rates for peri‐mucositis and peri‐implantitis may be as high as 40%‐65% and 20%‐47%, respectively. Over the last decade, many risk factors have been associated with peri‐mucositis and peri‐implantitis, creating a multifactorial disease etiology that complicates both diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, additional considerations such as initial surgical implant placement position, disruption of the biologic interface associated with the implant‐abutment interface manipulation, or prosthetic design may also influence the host response to commonly employed oral prostheses or the diagnosis of inflammatory states. Coupled with the temporal nature of disease progression around implants, understanding and accounting for these additional parameters may help reduce the number of variables that the surgeon/restorative team face when incorporating implant therapy into daily practice. Therefore, this review discusses the importance of surgical and restorative design by reviewing the concepts of natural and prosthetic emergence profile and implant design and position, as well as many other restorative concepts related to potential implant complications and disease. Understanding both the inflammatory nature of peri‐implant disease and additional parameters related to both surgical and prosthetic procedures may provide the best possible approach to reducing the prevalence of both peri‐mucositis and peri‐implantitis within the realm of dental implant therapy.
Guided implant surgery risks and their prevention
Authors: Tatakis Dimitris N. , Chien Hua‐Hong , Parashis Andreas O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIdeal implant placement may reduce surgical complications, such as nerve injury and lingual cortical plate perforation, and minimize the likelihood of functional and prosthetic compromises. Guided implant surgery (GIS) has been used as the means to achieve ideal implant placement. GIS refers to the process of digital planning, custom‐guide fabrication, and implant placement using the custom guide and an implant system–specific guided surgery kit. GIS includes numerous additional steps beyond the initial prosthetic diagnosis, treatment planning, and fabrication of surgical guide. Substantial errors can occur at each of these individual steps and can accumulate, significantly impacting the final accuracy of the process with potentially disastrous deviations from proper implant placement. Pertinent overall strategies to reduce or eliminate these risks can be summarized as follows: complete understanding of the possible risks is fundamental; knowledge of the systems and tools used is essential; consistent verification of both diagnostic and surgical procedures after each step is crucial; proper training and surgical experience are critical. This review article summarizes information on the accuracy and efficacy of GIS, provides insight on the potential risks and problems associated with each procedural step, and offers clinically relevant recommendations to minimize or eliminate these risks.
Antibacterial proteins and peptides as potential treatment in aquaculture: current status and perspectives on delivery
Authors: Zermeño‐Cervantes Lina Angélica , González‐Acosta Bárbara , Martínez‐Díaz Sergio Francisco , Cardona‐Félix César Salvador 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough aquaculture is a growing productive sector, economic losses because of infectious diseases and public health concern of what antibiotic resistance represents have become factors that limit its development. Thus, the control of infectious diseases through antibacterial alternatives is a field of intense research. In this sense, antimicrobial proteins and peptides might represent a safe and effective alternative because their site of action is on microbial components; they are biodegradable; their diversity in terms of mechanisms of action is broad; and some of them can be highly specific. Because this antibacterial alternative is still in research, this review provides a critical analysis of the challenges and opportunities of protein drugs for the treatment of bacterial diseases in the field of aquaculture health; contextualizes the different types of antibacterial protein and peptides, their mechanisms of action, potential sources, as well as the state of the art on assessment of antibacterial proteins and peptides in bioassays with aquatic organisms; and discusses the challenges proteinaceous drugs face regarding their stability for oral delivery and the perspectives for their administration in aquaculture.
Magnetite‐out and pyrrhotite‐in temperatures in shales and slates
Authors: Aubourg Charles , Jackson Mike , Ducoux Maxime , Mansour Mohannad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClay‐rich basins have undergone varying degrees of magnetic transformation during burial, affecting their ability to retain accurate records of Earth's dynamic magnetic field. We propose to bracket the magnetite‐out and pyrrhotite‐in temperatures in shales and slates from Taiwan and the Pyrenees by using a combination of low‐temperature magnetic transitions and geothermometers. For Tburial < 340°C, the magnetic assemblage is dominated by magnetite. Gradually with increasing burial temperature, the concentration of magnetite decreases to a few ppmv. We observe the magnetite‐out isograd at Tburial ~350°C. At Tburial >60°C and Tburial >340°C respectively, fine‐grained and coarse‐grained pyrrhotite develop. In the course of burial, a clay‐rich basin gradually loses its capability to retain a record of Earth's magnetic field. It is only during basin uplift, that coarse pyrrhotite might acquire a thermo remanent magnetization. Our results point out therefore highly contrasted magnetic properties and palaeomagnetic records between deeply buried basins and exhumed ones.
Phased implementation of pathogen‐reduced platelets in a health system facilitates increased manufacturing at the blood center
Authors: Allen Elizabeth S. , Vincent Colleen , Reeve David A. , Kopko Patricia M. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUNDPathogen reduction treatment (PRT) reduces the risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections from established and emerging organisms. Manufacturing, however, is complex. In our university health system, we phased in pathogen‐reduced platelets (PR PLTs) by patient population. We then assessed the implementation strategy and investigated factors in the supply chain that prevented us from meeting the goal of providing greater than 90% PR PLTs within 6 months.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn Phase 1, PR PLTs were provided in the outpatient cancer center. Phase 2 added inpatients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, and Phase 3 included all patients. In Phase 4, the blood center implemented manufacturing optimization strategies. Product supply and usage during the first 23 months after implementation were evaluated. Investigation of the supply chain included analysis of (1) the number of in‐state hospitals receiving PR PLTs; (2) the fraction of products eligible for PRT before and after manufacturing improvements.RESULTSDuring Phases 1 and 2, PR products comprised 44% and 53% of PLTs transfused in the phased‐in areas. At 6 months, 41% of PLTs were PR, and at 23 months, 92%. The fraction of PR PLTs transfused in our system correlated logarithmically with the number of in‐state hospitals receiving them (R2 = 0.71) and the number of PR PLTs sold to those hospitals (R2 = 0.80).CONCLUSIONPhased implementation is a practical and ethical way to introduce PR PLTs in a health system and facilitates scalability at the blood center. Widespread availability of PR products may require collective action and can be increased by optimization strategies during manufacturing.
Associations of chronic diarrhoea with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity-related disorders among US adults
Authors: Shin Andrea , Xu Huiping , Imperiale Thomas F 
Published: August 2019

Mechanisms explaining observed associations between diarrhoea and obesity or increased body mass index (BMI) are unclear.ObjectiveTo assess associations of bowel patterns with BMI, metabolic syndrome (MS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other obesity-related disorders.DesignWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from adults who completed bowel health questions for the 2005 to 2010 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Relationships were examined using multinomial logistic regression. Confounding effects of demographics, smoking, alcohol and BMI were examined by sequential modelling.ResultsAmong 13 413 adults, weighted prevalence rates of constipation and diarrhoea were 8.9% and 6.6%, respectively. Mean BMI was associated with bowel patterns (p<0.001), and was higher with diarrhoea (30.3 kg/m2) versus normal bowel patterns (28.6 kg/m2) and with diarrhoea versus constipation (27.8 kg/m2). NAFLD was more prevalent (ORs, 95% CI) in diarrhoea versus normal bowel patterns (OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.78) or constipation (OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.03, 2.03) in adjusted analyses. The higher prevalence of MS in diarrhoea versus constipation (OR=1.27, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.67) was not independent of BMI.ConclusionsThese findings suggest an association between diarrhoea and NAFLD that is independent of BMI.
PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games and athletes’ usage of ‘polyclinic’ medical services
Authors: Kim Doo-Sup , Lee Young-Hee , Bae Keum Seok , Baek Goo Hyun , Lee Sae Yong , Shim Hongjin , On Myoung Gi , Rhie Sandy Jeong Yeon 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThis paper aims to describe the medical service of two polyclinics of the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games and to analyse the injury and illness of athletes who visited the polyclinics during the oilympic period in order to provide some insight with respect to the future construction and operation of polyclinics in mass gathering events such as the Olympic Games.MethodsThe PyeongChang Olympic Village was located near the Olympic Stadium for snow sports athletes and the Gangneung Olympic Village was located near the ice venues for ice sports athletes. During the Olympic Games, polyclinics were consisted of emergency service and outpatient clinics. We retrospectively analysed the electronic medical record data of athletes who visiting polyclinics between 9 February 2018 and 25 February 2018.ResultsDuring the Olympics, there were 1639 athlete encounters in both polyclinics. Among those, injuries of athletes were 237 (14% of all athlete encounters) in total, and the most common injured site was knee joint. Upper respiratory infection was the most frequent case in diseases of athlete encounters. Total 223 cases of image study were done, MRI was 44 cases.ConclusionThe PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games had the highest number of participants in the history of Winter Olympic Games. Overall 48% of athletes encountered polyclinics due to disease during the Games period. Upper respiratory infection and other seasonal diseases were more frequent this Olympic Games than before. Polyclinics were managed healthcare of athletes as well as injury and illness of athletes. In winter sports, a polyclinic and similar medical facilities should be prepare for diseases considering geography, weather as well as injuries and endemic diseases when planning future mass gathering events.
Sports-related acute shoulder injuries in an urban population
Authors: Enger Martine , Skjaker Stein Arve , Nordsletten Lars , Pripp Are Hugo , Melhuus Knut , Moosmayer Stefan , Brox Jens Ivar 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesMore than a third of sports injuries involve the upper extremity. The primary aim was to quantify and describe sports-related shoulder injuries in a general population cohort. A secondary aim was to compare aspects of these injuries to those that were not sports-related.MethodsWe performed a prospective registration of the activity at the time of shoulder injury in all cases admitted during 1 year in a combined primary care and orthopaedic emergency department serving a defined population. The electronic patient records and patient reported questionnaires were reviewed.ResultsTwenty-nine per cent (n=781) of 2650 registered shoulder injuries were reported to be sports-related, with the highest proportion in acromioclavicular injuries (>50%). Patients with sports injuries were younger than those injured during other activities (median age 28 and 43 years, respectively, p<0.001), and more often male (78% and 52%, respectively, p<0.001). There was a strong gender disparity in incidence of sports-related shoulder injuries in adolescents and young adults, which was not observed in non-sports shoulder injuries. Football (soccer) (6–29 years), cycling (30–49 years), skiing (50–69 years) and martial arts were the dominating sports activities. Fractures were more common in skiing and cycling than in other major sports in the study.ConclusionsAlmost a third of the shoulder injuries occurred during sports. The types of sports involved varied with age and gender. The comparison of sport to non-sport shoulder injury incidence rates suggests that the increased risk of shoulder injuries in young males is mainly attributable to sports injuries.
Associations of vigorous physical activity with all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality among 64 913 adults
Authors: Rey Lopez Juan Pablo , Gebel Klaus , Chia Debbie , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundPhysical activity recommendations state that for the same energy expenditure, moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MVPAs) produce similar health benefits. However, few epidemiological studies have tested this hypothesis.DesignWe examined whether, compared with moderate, vigorous activity was associated with larger mortality risk reductions.MethodsData from 11 cohorts of the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey, collected from 1994 to 2011 (mean (SD) follow-up, 9.0 (3.6) years). Adults aged ≥30 years reported MVPA and linkage to mortality records. Exposure was the proportion of self-reported weighted MVPA through vigorous activity. Outcomes were all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality.ResultsAmong 64 913 adult respondents (44% men, 56% women, mean (SD) age, 49.8 (13.6) years), there were 5064 deaths from all-causes, 1393 from CVD and 1602 from cancer during 435 743 person-years of follow-up. Compared with those who reported no vigorous physical activity, and holding constant the volume of weighted MVPA, vigorous activity was associated with additional reductions in mortality risk. For all-cause mortality, the adjusted HR was HR=0.84 (95% CI 0.71, 0.99) and HR=0.84 (95% CI 0.76, 0.94) among those who reported between >0% and<30%, or ≥30% of their activity as vigorous, respectively. For CVD and cancer mortality, point estimates showed similar beneficial associations yet CIs were wider and crossed unity.ConclusionVigorous activities were associated with larger reductions in mortality risk than activities of moderate intensity, but no evidence of dose–response effects was found.
Patient perceptions and preferences of biologic therapies in SLE
Authors: Lim S Sam , Kan Hong , Pobiner Bonnie F , Bao Gaobin , Drenkard Cristina 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate patient perceptions of biologic therapies from a large, population-based cohort of patients with SLE with significant numbers of blacks and whites and across the full spectrum of socioeconomic strata and disease severity.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of validated patients with SLE enrolled in the Georgians Organized Against Lupus Cohort between September 2014 and August 2015. The survey instrument was developed ad hoc by the authors and contained an introduction on biologics.ResultsA total of 676 participants were on average 48.4 years old with 15.9 years of disease; 93.2% were female and 80.6% were black; 34.2% had private health insurance and 9.8% had no insurance; and 26.8% and 27.5% had Medicare or Medicaid, respectively. Of all respondents, 30.8% had heard of biologics, with a significant difference between blacks and whites (25.2% vs 53.4%, respectively). There were no significant differences, however, between blacks and whites with respect to ever having been on biologics (7.6% and 11.5%, respectively) or where they got their information about biologics. Out of 202 individuals who had heard of biologics, 102 (51.3%) were familiar with potential benefits or side effects, and most (n=129, 66.5%) had a neutral perception to risks associated with biologic use. There was no perception of biologics working differently between races/ethnicities. More (n=76, 62.8%) blacks preferred intravenous over subcutaneous modalities compared with whites (n=12, 37.5%) but were not as willing to pay as much out of pocket for it. Individuals with Medicare were significantly more likely to have been on biologics.ConclusionsThere are important similarities and differences between blacks and whites with lupus with respect to their perceptions of biologic therapies and their impact. There are opportunities to increase patient exposure to information about biologics and improve their understanding in order for them to make the best informed decision possible.