bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State healthcare reform: An arena for the osteopathic medical profession's influence
Authors: Ross-Lee Barbara , Weiser Michael A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
While healthcare reform proposals are debated at the national level, states continue to propose and implement reform measures to address Medicaid, health insurance, universal coverage and access, medical liability, and cost-containment. The authors examine the shared responsibility of the federal and state governments for healthcare regulation and the surprising number of powers that reside with the states. They review the major barriers to state reform represented by restrictions within Medicaid and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) legislation. Established state programs in Maryland, Hawaii, and Arizona are revisited, and innovative reforms in Oregon, Tennessee, and Washington are examined. Finally, the authors concentrate on the reform measures under way in the five most heavily DO-populated states, pointing out the potential for one of the big three (Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Ohio) to emerge as a model for the larger states. They urge osteopathic physicians to exert influence, based on their record of serving the Medicaid and other underserved populations, in state settings where they can be most effective.
Sclerostin promotes human dental pulp cells senescence
Authors: Ou Yanjing , Zhou Yi , Liang Shanshan , Wang Yining 
Published: October 2018

Background
Senescence-related impairment of proliferation and differentiation limits the use of dental pulp cells for tissue regeneration. Deletion of sclerostin improves the dentinogenesis regeneration, while its role in dental pulp senescence is unclear. We investigated the role of sclerostin in subculture-induced senescence of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and in the senescence-related decline of proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation.

Methods
Immunohistochemical staining and qRT-PCR analyses were performed to examine the expression pattern of sclerostin in young (20–30-year-old) and senescent (45–80-year-old) dental pulps. HDPCs were serially subcultured until senescence, and the expression of sclerostin was examined by qRT-PCR analysis. HDPCs with sclerostin overexpression and knockdown were constructed to investigate the role of sclerostin in HDPCs senescence and senescence-related impairment of odontoblastic differentiation potential.

Results
By immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, we found a significantly increased expression level of sclerostin in senescent human dental pulp compared with that of young human dental pulp. Additionally, elevated sclerostin expression was found in subculture-induced senescent HDPCs in vitro. By sclerostin overexpression and knockdown, we found that sclerostin promoted HDPCs senescence-related decline of proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation potential with increased expression of p16, p53 and p21 and downregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Discussion
The increased expression of sclerostin is responsible for the decline of proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation potential of HDPCs during cellular senescence. Anti-sclerostin treatment may be beneficial for the maintenance of the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation potentials of HDPCs.
pH and Reactive Oxygen Species‐Sequential Responsive Nano‐in‐Micro Composite for Targeted Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bertoni Serena , Liu Zehua , Correia Alexandra , Martins João Pedro , Rahikkala Antti , Fontana Flavia , Kemell Marianna , Liu Dongfei , Albertini Beatrice , Passerini Nadia , Li Wei , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOxidative stress and abnormally high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Oxidation‐responsive nanoparticles (NPs) are formulated from a phenylboronic esters‐modified dextran (OxiDEX) that degrades selectively in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). OxiDEX NPs are coated with chitosan and encapsulated in a pH‐sensitive polymer to produce nano‐in‐micro composites. The microparticles are spherical with homogeneous particle size (53 ± 3 µm) and maintain integrity at acidic pH, preventing the premature release of the NPs in gastric conditions. The degradation of NPs is highly responsive to the level of H2O2, and the release of the drug is sustained in the presence of physiologically relevant H2O2 concentrations. The presence of chitosan on the particles surface significantly enhances NPs stability in intestinal pH and their adhesion on the intestinal mucosa. Compared to a traditional enteric formulation, this formulation shows tenfold decreased drug permeability across C2BBe1/HT29‐MTX cell monolayer, implying that lower amount of drug would be absorbed to the blood stream and, therefore, limiting the undesired systemic side effects. Based on these results, a successful nano‐in‐micro composite for targeted therapy of IBD is obtained by combination of the responsiveness to pH and ROS.
The Effect of Residual Palladium Catalyst Contamination on the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Kosco Jan , Sachs Michael , Godin Robert , Kirkus Mindaugas , Francas Laia , Bidwell Matthew , Qureshi Muhammad , Anjum Dalaver , Durrant James R. , McCulloch Iain 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe effect of residual Pd on hydrogen evolution activity in conjugated polymer photocatalytic systems is systematically investigated using colloidal poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) nanoparticles as a model system. Residual Pd, originating from the synthesis of F8BT via Pd catalyzed polycondensation polymerization, is observed in the form of homogeneously distributed Pd nanoparticles within the polymer. Residual Pd is essential for any hydrogen evolution to be observed from this polymer, and very low Pd concentrations (<40 ppm) are sufficient to have a significant effect on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rate. The HER rate increases linearly with increasing Pd concentration from <1 ppm to approximately 100 ppm, at which point the rate begins to saturate. Transient absorption spectroscopy experiments support these conclusions, and suggest that residual Pd mediates electron transfer from the F8BT nanoparticles to protons in the aqueous medium.
The Dual‐Play of 3D Conductive Scaffold Embedded with Co, N Codoped Hollow Polyhedra toward High‐Performance Li–S Full Cell
Authors: Cai Wenlong , Li Gaoran , Luo Dan , Xiao Guannan , Zhu Shanshan , Zhao Yingyue , Chen Zhongwei , Zhu Yongchun , Qian Yitai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are one of the most promising battery technologies to support the fast‐expanding electrical vehicle and large‐scale energy storage market. However, several intrinsic and intractable obstacles are still impeding the practical implementation of Li–S batteries, which calls for advances in both sulfur and lithium electrodes. Herein, a 3D conductive scaffold is developed with hollow carbon polyhedra embedded on tubular carbon fabric (HPTCF) as self‐standing matrix for both improved sulfur and lithium electrodes. Attributed to the high conductivity, abundant active interfaces, and favorable surface functionalization of HPTCF, reliable sulfur and lithium electrochemistry are simultaneously achieved. The results show an outstanding cyclability with a minimum capacity decay of 0.018% per cycle over 600 cycles in half cell, while the combined cathodic and anodic improvements further contribute to an excellent Li–S full cell performance with high capacity retention of 3.1 mAh cm−2 at 200th cycle and superb rate performance of 2.5 mAh cm−2 at 4 C rate under a reasonably high sulfur loading of 4 mg cm−2. This work offers exemplary material engineering that concurrently and effectively tackles the problems in sulfur and lithium electrodes. This approach has great potential to promote the practical application of Li–S batteries.
Acute myeloid leukemia: 2019 update on risk‐stratification and management
Authors: Estey Elihu H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOutcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ranges from death within a few days of beginning treatment (treatment related mortality, TRM) to likely cure. The major reason patients are not cured is resistance to treatment, often manifested as relapse from remission, rather than, even in older patients, TRM, whose incidence is decreasing. Knowledge of the pre‐treatment mutation status of various genes has improved our ability to assign initial treatment and, of particular importance, knowledge of whether patients ostensibly in remission have measurable residual disease should influence subsequent management. Several new drugs have been approved by the FDA and we discuss their role in treatment.
Time‐to‐pregnancy and offspring finger‐length ratio (2D:4D)
Authors: Shere Mahvash , Arbuckle Tye E. , Monnier Patricia , Fraser William , Velez Maria P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTime‐to‐Pregnancy (TTP) is an epidemiological tool to assess couple fecundity. The finger digit ratio (2D:4D) has been suggested as a marker of androgen exposure in utero. Maternal, paternal, or couple‐mediated factors related to fecundity may also have an effect on androgen exposure during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate the association between TTP, infertility, or use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) and offspring 2D:4D.MethodsData from 673 mother‐child pairs were collected from questionnaires in the Maternal‐Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study across 10 cities in Canada. The mean maternal age was 33.4 years (SD 4.7), with a median gestational age of 12.1 weeks (SD 1.3), at the time of recruitment. Our study included 338 girls and 335 boys, and the mean age of the children at follow‐up was 3.5 years (SD 1.0). TTP was assessed through questionnaires during the first trimester of pregnancy. Digital photographs of both hands were taken in a follow‐up study to calculate the children's 2D:4D (2–5 years). anova, t tests, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted.ResultsBoys had significantly lower mean 2D:4Ds (0.936 ±0.041 in right hand, 0.936 ±0.040 in left hand) compared to girls (0.948 ±0.038 in right hand, 0.945 ±0.038 in left hand). The mean 2D:4D did not differ according to TTP, infertility, or use of ART. The only factors associated with the child's 2D:4D were the child's age and maternal 2D:4D.ConclusionsOur study does not support an association between TTP, infertility, or use of ART and children's 2D:4D.
Dreikomponenten‐Kupplungs‐(3+3)‐Anellierung zum Aufbau von blaufluoreszierenden, wasserlöslichen, tricyclischen 2‐Aminopyridinsalzen
Authors: Bakulina Olga , Merkt Franziska K. , Knedel Tim‐Oliver , Janiak Christoph , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie (3+3)‐Anellierung von Alkinonen mit cyclischen Amidinen stellt eine neue und unerwartete Methode dar, um intensiv blaufluoreszierende, tricyclische 2‐Aminopyridinsalze aufzubauen, die Fluoreszenzquantenausbeuten Φf von bis zu 63 % in Wasser aufweisen. Durch Integration in eine konsekutive Dreikomponentenreaktion können die Titelmoleküle besonders rasch und effizient im Sinne einer Diversitäts‐orientierten Reaktionsführung aufgebaut werden. Besonders interessant ist dabei, dass die so dargestellten bi‐ und tricyclischen 2‐Aminopyridinsalze sowohl in Dichlormethan als auch in Wasser stark fluoreszent sind, was diese Luminophore zu geeigneten Kandidaten in der Bioanalytik macht. Zusätzlich zeigen ausgewählte Derivate neben der Fluoreszenz in Lösung auch Festkörperfluoreszenz, sodass sie als Blaulichtemitter mit einstellbaren Effizienzen Anwendung finden können.
Biocatalytic “Oxygen‐Fueled” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Enciso Alan E. , Fu Liye , Lathwal Sushil , Olszewski Mateusz , Wang Zhenhua , Das Subha R. , Russell Alan J. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAtom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) can be carried out in a flask completely open to air using a biocatalytic system composed of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with an active copper catalyst complex. Nanomolar concentrations of the enzymes and ppm amounts of Cu provided excellent control over the polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA500), generating polymers with high molecular weight (Mn>70 000) and low dispersities (1.13≤Đ≤1.27) in less than an hour. The continuous oxygen supply was necessary for the generation of radicals and polymer chain growth as demonstrated by temporal control and by inducing hypoxic conditions. In addition, the enzymatic cascade polymerization triggered by oxygen was used for a protein and DNA functionalized with initiators to form protein‐b‐POEOMA and DNA‐b‐POEOMA bioconjugates, respectively.
Achieving Atomic Dispersion of Highly Loaded Transition Metals in Small‐Pore Zeolite SSZ‐13: High‐Capacity and High‐Efficiency Low‐Temperature CO and Passive NOx Adsorbers
Authors: Khivantsev Konstantin , Jaegers Nicholas R. , Kovarik Libor , Hanson Jonathan C. , Tao Franklin (Feng) , Tang Yu , Zhang Xiaoyan , Koleva Iskra Z. , Aleksandrov Hristiyan A. , Vayssilov Georgi N. , Wang Yong , Gao Feng , Szanyi János 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe majority of harmful atmospheric CO and NOx emissions are from vehicle exhausts. Although there has been success addressing NOx emissions at temperatures above 250 °C with selective catalytic reduction technology, emissions during vehicle cold start (when the temperature is below 150 °C), are a major challenge. Herein, we show we can completely eliminate both CO and NOx emissions simultaneously under realistic exhaust flow, using a highly loaded (2 wt %) atomically dispersed palladium in the extra‐framework positions of the small‐pore chabazite material as a CO and passive NOx adsorber. Until now, atomically dispersed highly loaded (>0.3 wt %) transition‐metal/SSZ‐13 materials have not been known. We devised a general, simple, and scalable route to prepare such materials for PtII and PdII. Through spectroscopy and materials testing we show that both CO and NOx can be simultaneously completely abated with 100 % efficiency by the formation of mixed carbonyl‐nitrosyl palladium complex in chabazite micropore.
Collateral Projections from the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus to the Central Amygdaloid Nucleus and the Ventral Tegmental Area in the Rat
Authors: Qiao Yu , Zhang Chun‐Kui , Li Zhi‐Hong , Niu Ze‐Hao , Li Jin , Li Jin‐Lian 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTLateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) is a critical region in the integration and transmission of peripheral nociceptive information. The parabrachio‐amygdaloid (P‐Amy) pathway and parabrachio‐ventral tegmental area (P‐VTA) pathway is thought to be significant in regulation of pain‐related negative emotions. In present study, retrograde tract tracers Fluoro‐gold (FG) and tetramethylrhodramine‐dextran (TMR) were stereotaxically injected into the right central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA) and right VTA, respectively. Then, part of these rats were performed with the spare nerve injury (SNI) in the controlateral side of FG and TMR injection. Afterwards, double‐ or triple‐immunofluorescent histochemistry was used to examine FG/TMR double‐ and FG/TMR/FOS or FG/TMR/CGRP triple‐labeled neurons in the LPB. The results showed that all of FG, TMR single‐ and FG/TMR double‐labeled neurons were distributed in the LPB bilaterally with an ipsilateral predominance. The proportion of FG/TMR double‐labeled neurons to the total number of FG‐ and TMR‐labeled neurons was 10.78% and 13.07%, respectively. Nearly all of the FG/TMR double‐labeled neurons (92.67%) showed calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunopositive. On the other hand, in the SNI rats, about 89.49% and 77.87% of FG‐ and TMR‐labeled neurons were FG/FOS‐ and TMR/FOS‐positive neurons; about 93.33% of the FG/TMR double‐labeled neurons were FOS‐LI. Our results suggest that the part of CGRP immunopositive neurons in the LPB send projection fibers to both the CeA and VTA by the way of axon collaterals, which are activated by the nociceptive stimulation in the SNI condition, and may play an important role in the transmission of peripheral nociceptive information. Anat Rec, 302:1178–1186, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Prenatal Development of the Humpback Whale: Growth Rate, Tooth Loss and Skull Shape Changes in an Evolutionary Framework
Authors: Lanzetti Agnese , Berta Annalisa , Ekdale Eric G. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTExtant baleen whales (Mysticeti) share a distinct suite of extreme and unique adaptations to perform bulk filter feeding, such as a long, arched skull, and mandible and the complete loss of adult dentition in favor of baleen plates. However, mysticetes still develop tooth germs during ontogeny. In the fossil record, multiple groups document the transition from ancestral raptorial feeding to filter feeding. Fetal specimens give us an extraordinary opportunity to observe when and how this macroevolutionary transition occurs during gestation. We used iodine‐enhanced and traditional CT scanning to visualize the internal anatomy of five fetuses of humpback whale representing the first two‐thirds of gestation, and we combine these data with previously published reports to provide the first comprehensive qualitative description of the sequence of developmental changes that characterize the skull and dentition. We also use quantitative methods based on 3D landmarks to investigate the shape changes in the fetuses in relation to a juvenile cranial morphology. We found similarities in the ossification patterns of the humpback and other cetaceans (dolphins), but there appear to be major differences when comparing them to terrestrial artiodactyls. As for the tooth germs, this developmental sequence confirms that the tooth‐to‐baleen transition occurs in the last one‐third of gestation. Analysis of cranial shape development revealed a progressive elongation of the rostrum and a resulting posterior movement of the nasals relative to the braincase. Future work will involve acquisition of data from other species to complete our documentation of the teeth‐to‐baleen transition. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy.
Isolation and Characterization of Pancreatic Canine Fetal Cells at the Final Stage of Gestation
Authors: Aguiar Bruna Andrade , Orechio Dailiany , Fratini Paula , Carreira Ana Claudia Oliveira , Castelucci Patricia , Miglino Maria Angelica 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe incidence of diabetes mellitus in dogs is increasing in recent years, mainly because of genetic and/or environmental factors, including endocrine disorders (like in humans); failure of suitable control of blood sugar levels, which triggers hyperglycemia; glycosuria and weight loss, which demands the development of innovative treatments to cure or treat this complex disease in dogs. The present study established for the first time a protocol to obtain and characterize cells derived from pancreas of canine fetuses. Those fetuses do not have a defined breed and were at the final stage of gestation. The protocol aims to provide morphological data to enable future applications of these cells for therapeutic approaches. In cell culture, pancreatic cells showed a fibroblast‐like appearance with a mono‐layered growth pattern and were not tumorigenic. They exhibited a positive expression for the pluripotent proliferation markers NANOG and PCNA and expressed PDX1, a transcription factor that is important for activation of the insulin gene promoter. In addition, Tyrosine Hydroxylase‐positive (TH+) sympathetic nerve fibers were identified. Histologically, the pancreatic epithelium was developed, pancreatic glands in the fetuses were like those in the parenchyma of postconception dogs and pancreatic islets were unevenly distributed and organized in small clusters along the glands close to the vasculature. Staining with dithizone indicated the presence of insulin in the cells. A large number of beta cells were confirmed by immunofluorescence. In conclusion, the canine fetal pancreas cells could be an alternative and adequate source of cell lineages for stem cell therapies for diabetes treatment. Anat Rec, 302:1409–1418, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta-analysis of the influence of lifestyle changes for preoperative weight loss on surgical outcomes
Authors: Roman M , Monaghan A , Serraino G F , Miller D , Pathak S , Lai F , Zaccardi F , Ghanchi A , Khunti K , Davies M J , Murphy G J 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
The aim was to investigate whether preoperative weight loss results in improved clinical outcomes in surgical patients with clinically significant obesity.

Methods
This was a systematic review and aggregate data meta-analysis of RCTs and cohort studies. PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL Plus databases were searched from inception to February 2018. Eligibility criteria were: studies assessing the effect of weight loss interventions (low-energy diets with or without an exercise component) on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing any surgical procedure. Data on 30-day or all-cause in-hospital mortality were extracted and synthesized in meta-analyses. Postoperative thromboembolic complications, duration of surgery, infection and duration of hospital stay were also assessed.

Results
A total of 6060 patients in four RCTs and 12 cohort studies, all from European and North American centres, were identified. Most were in the field of bariatric surgery and all had some methodological limitations. The pooled effect estimate suggested that preoperative weight loss programmes were effective, leading to significant weight reduction compared with controls: mean difference –7·42 (95 per cent c.i. –10·09 to –4·74) kg (P &lt; 0·001). Preoperative weight loss interventions were not associated with a reduction in perioperative mortality (odds ratio 1·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·24 to 8·40; I2 = 0 per cent, P = 0·66) but the event rate was low. The weight loss groups had shorter hospital stay (by 27 per cent). No differences were found for morbidity.

Conclusion
This limited preoperative weight loss has advantages but may not alter the postoperative morbidity or mortality risk.
Clinical landscape of cancer metastases
Authors: Riihimäki Matias , Thomsen Hauke , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Hemminki Kari 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPopulation‐based data on metastatic patterns are lacking because cancer registries seldom record metastases. This study uses a novel population‐based approach to identify metastases and describes metastatic pathways from 14 common primary cancers to 12 specific metastatic sites. A total of 179 581 patients with metastatic cancer were identified from the Swedish Cancer Registry and metastatic sites were identified using the Cause of Death Register and the National Patient Register. Patterns of metastatic spread were described across age and sex. In men, colorectal cancer was the main source of lung, peritoneal, and liver metastases. Lung cancer was the main origin of pleural and nervous system metastases. Prostate cancer dominated bone metastases but had minor contribution to other metastatic sites. Among women, breast cancer was the dominant origin of most metastatic sites, with the exception of peritoneum which was ruled by metastases from the ovary. As other exceptions, for nervous system metastases, lung cancer was the origin of metastases somewhat more frequently than breast cancer and for liver metastases, colorectal cancer was the main origin instead of breast cancer. The present achievement was to implement the first nationwide description of clinical landscape of cancer metastases, with an aim to serve as a reliable source for clinicians and researchers.