bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-Ray and GeV Gamma-Ray Variability of the Radio Galaxy NGC 1275
Authors: Fukazawa Yasushi , Shiki Kensei , Tanaka Yasuyuki , Itoh Ryosuke , Takahashi Hiromitsu , Imazato Fumiya , D’Ammando Filippo , Ojha Roopesh , Nagai and Hiroshi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We analyzed Suzaku/XIS data (2006–2015) and Fermi/LAT data (2008–2015) of the gamma-ray emitting radio galaxy NGC 1275. Correlated brightening of the nucleus in both the X-ray and GeV gamma-ray energy bands was found for the period 2013–2015. This is the first evidence of correlated variability between these two energy bands for NGC 1275. We also analyzed Swift/XRT data and found that the X-ray flux increased over several days in 2010, coincidentally with the GeV gamma-ray flare. During the flare, the X-ray spectra were softer, with a photon index of ∼2 compared with 1.5–2.1 of the other periods, suggesting the brightening of a synchrotron component. The GeV gamma-ray band also showed a higher flux with a harder spectrum during the 2010 flare. Simultaneous X-ray and GeV gamma-ray flux increase in the flare could be explained by the shock-in-jet scenario. On the other hand, a long-term gradual brightening of radio, X-ray, and GeV gamma-ray flux with a larger gamma-ray amplitude could have an origin other than internal shocks, and some of these possibilities are discussed.
Testing Viable f(T) Models with Current Observations
Authors: Xu Bing , Yu Hongwei , Wu Puxun 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We perform observational tests on the f(T) gravity with the BAO data (including the BOSS DR 12 galaxy sample, the DR12 Lyα-Forests measurement, the new eBOSS DR14 quasar sample, the 6dFGS, and the SDSS), the CMB distance priors from the Planck 2015, the SNIa data from the joint light-curve analysis, the latest H(z) data, and the local value of the Hubble constant. Six different f(T) models are investigated. Furthermore, the ΛCDM is also considered. All models are compared by using the Akaike information criteria (AIC) and the Bayesian information criteria (BIC). Our results show that the ΛCDM remains to be the most favored model by current observations. However, there are also the Hubble constant tension between the Planck measurements and the local Universe observations and the tension between the CMB data and the H(z) data in the ΛCDM. For f(T) models considered in this paper, half, which can reduce to the ΛCDM, have values of

smaller than that of the ΛCDM and can relieve the tensions existing in the ΛCDM. However, they are punished slightly by the BIC due to one extra parameter. Two of six f(T) models, in which the crossing of the phantom divide line can be realized for the equation of state of the effective dark energy and this crossing is shown in this paper to be favored by current observations, are punished by the information criteria. In addition, we find that the logarithmic f(T) model is excluded by cosmological observations.
The working classes are also leaving Brussels. An analysis of the suburbanisation of low-income populations
Authors: De Laet Sarah 
Published: March 2018

Residential movements from the territory of the Brussels-Capital Region to suburban municipalities in Flanders and Wallonia have usually been studied from the angle of the middle classes. However, today, 30 % of people who leave the Region to live elsewhere in Belgium are part of the working classes. The urban working classes are subject to dual pressure: social, on the one hand, with the destructuring of the salary model, the shortage of jobs and economic insecurity; and spatial, on the other hand, in particular due to the increase in the cost of housing in the city. Faced with this pressure, certain working-class households have chosen to move outside the Brussels-Capital Region. Following the works which drew attention to these processes of “modest suburbanisation” in particular in France, this article focuses on the significance of this phenomenon in the case of Brussels. It also highlights the places of destination of the working-class households which leave the central working-class neighbourhoods of Brussels. From the point of view of the latter, the movements towards the municipalities on the nearby outskirts or other cities result in a sort of social and spatial selection with significant implications for the places they are leaving.
Control of field insect pests of mung bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L. Wilczek) using some plant extracts in Umudike, Nigeria
Authors: Asawalam Elechi F. , Constance Ekemezie 
Published: March 2018

Field trials were conducted at Umudike, Nigeria, during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons to determine the efficacy of plant extracts from seven plant species against field insect pests of mung bean, Vigna radiata L. Wilczek. The extracts tested were obtained from scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum), neem leaf (Azadirachta indica), bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), garlic (Allium sativum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peel and Negro pepper (Xylopia aethiopica). Karate (Lambda-cyhalothrin EC) at 50 mL was introduced as a check in the trials. The experimental design was a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Data were collected weekly on the insect population densities, yield and yield components. The results indicated that all the treatments were effective against mung bean insect pests (Aphis craccivora [aphid], Bemisia tabaci [whitefly], Amrasca biguttula biguttula [jassid] and Zonocerus variegatus[grasshopper]). There was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in the population of insects on the plots treated with plant extracts and karate in 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The population densities of grasshoppers in 2015 and whitefly in 2016 were significantly lower in the treated plots compared with the control plots. Azadirachta indica and C. longa extracts recorded the highest seed yield of 50.00 kg/ha and 42.33 kg/ha in 2015 and 2016, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the plant extracts and karate, which recorded significantly higher yields when compared with the control (23.30 kg/ha). All the plant extracts used exhibited insecticidal activity against the insect pests of mung bean. It is, therefore, recommended that these plant extracts can be used for the control of mung bean insect pests to achieve sustainable production, food security and quality.
What do aggregate saving rates (not) show?
Authors: Ponomarenko Alexey A. , Ponomarenko Alexey N. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aggregate saving indicator does not directly reflect changes in individuals’ microeconomic behavior. From the official statistics’ point of view, households choose between spending, which generates additional income and consumption in the economy, and setting money aside, which does not. Formally, households may not (if the authors disregard housing investment) choose to save, because the aggregate saving statistical indicator is a residual concept defined as the ensuing difference between aggregate disposable income and consumption. It measures the change in net worth, which, in a closed economy, may only be generated by the production of capital goods and an increase in inventories. Using an agent-based model, the authors show that shocks unrelated to structural changes in households’ behavior may generate positively correlated fluctuations in the aggregate saving rate, productivity growth and lending. Meanwhile, a genuine increase in the average individual propensity to save is not necessarily associated with a higher aggregate saving rate.
Ice-nucleating particle concentrations unaffected by urban air pollution in Beijing, China
Authors: Chen Jie , Wu Zhijun , Augustin-Bauditz Stefanie , Grawe Sarah , Hartmann Markus , Pei Xiangyu , Liu Zirui , Ji Dongsheng , Wex Heike 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Exceedingly high levels of PM2.5 with complex chemical composition occur frequently in China. It has been speculated
whether anthropogenic PM2.5 may significantly contribute to ice-nucleating particles (INP). However, few studies have focused on the
ice-nucleating properties of urban particles. In this work, two ice-nucleating droplet arrays have been used to determine the
atmospheric number concentration of INP (NINP) in the range from −6 to −25 ∘C in Beijing. No
correlations between NINP and either PM2.5 or black carbon mass concentrations were found, although both
varied by more than a factor of 30 during the sampling period. Similarly, there were no correlations between NINP and
either total particle number concentration or number concentrations for particles with diameters >500 nm. Furthermore,
there was no clear difference between day and night samples. All these results indicate that Beijing air pollution did not increase or
decrease INP concentrations in the examined temperature range above values observed in nonurban areas; hence, the background INP
concentrations might not be anthropogenically influenced as far as urban air pollution is concerned, at least in the examined
temperature range.
Impacts of bromine and iodine chemistry on tropospheric OH and HO2: comparing observations with box and global model perspectives
Authors: Stone Daniel , Sherwen Tomás , Evans Mathew J. , Vaughan Stewart , Ingham Trevor , Whalley Lisa K. , Edwards Peter M. , Read Katie A. , Lee James D. , Moller Sarah J. , Carpenter Lucy J. , Lewis Alastair C. , Heard Dwayne E. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The chemistry of the halogen species bromine and iodine has a range of impacts on tropospheric composition, and can affect oxidising capacity in a number of ways. However, recent studies disagree on the overall sign of the impacts of halogens on the oxidising capacity of the troposphere. We present simulations of OH and HO2 radicals for comparison with observations made in the remote tropical ocean boundary layer during the Seasonal Oxidant Study at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory in 2009. We use both a constrained box model, using detailed chemistry derived from the Master Chemical Mechanism (v3.2), and the three-dimensional global chemistry transport model GEOS-Chem. Both model approaches reproduce the diurnal trends in OH and HO2. Absolute observed concentrations are well reproduced by the box model but are overpredicted by the global model, potentially owing to incomplete consideration of oceanic sourced radical sinks. The two models, however, differ in the impacts of halogen chemistry. In the box model, halogen chemistry acts to increase OH concentrations (by 9.8 % at midday at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory), while the global model exhibits a small increase in OH at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (by 0.6 % at midday) but overall shows a decrease in the global annual mass-weighted mean OH of 4.5 %. These differences reflect the variety of timescales through which the halogens impact the chemical system. On short timescales, photolysis of HOBr and HOI, produced by reactions of HO2 with BrO and IO, respectively, increases the OH concentration. On longer timescales, halogen-catalysed ozone destruction cycles lead to lower primary production of OH radicals through ozone photolysis, and thus to lower OH concentrations. The global model includes more of the longer timescale responses than the constrained box model, and overall the global impact of the longer timescale response (reduced primary production due to lower O3 concentrations) overwhelms the shorter timescale response (enhanced cycling from HO2 to OH), and thus the global OH concentration decreases. The Earth system contains many such responses on a large range of timescales. This work highlights the care that needs to be taken to understand the full impact of any one process on the system as a whole.
Force, Nonviolence, and Communication in the Pragmatism of Bhimrao Ambedkar
Authors: Stroud Scott R. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
This article argues that we should take the philosophical thought of Bhimrao Ambedkar, the Indian politician and advocate for “untouchable” rights, seriously as part of the pragmatist tradition. Doing so will reveal the international impact of pragmatist thought and will contribute to current concerns over how citizens should communicate and pursue advocacy in pluralistic societies. As a student of Dewey's, Ambedkar took pragmatist ideas of democracy and integrated them into his reading of Buddhism. His reconstruction of nonviolence (ahimsa) as love of one's friends and enemies leaves him open to criticisms from those favoring revolutionary means to achieve social justice. The final section considers criticisms stemming from insurrectionist ethics and argues that Ambedkar operates as an important emancipatory counter to this position. Ambedkar's pragmatism holds back from violent means, as they tend to destroy too many people and valued ends that one needs for an ideal democratic community.
Africana Philosophy as Prolegomenon to Any Future American Philosophy
Authors: Jaima Amir R. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe whiteness of American philosophy must be appreciated as an epistemological and ontological achievement. Thus, I contend that the only way forward for American philosophy entails an Africana philosophical critique, which consists of two methodological ventures—one deconstructive and the other radical. I will briefly present six voices that exemplify this Africana philosophical critique. The deconstructive voices include (1) Sylvia Wynter's genealogy of “MAN,” (2) Leonard Harris's insurrectionist challenge to Pragmatism, and (3) Charles Mills's and Chandra Mohanty's rejection of Ideal Theory. The radical voices include (1) Lewis Gordon's Africana-existential-phenomenology as a decolonial “antidote” to Eurocentrism, (2) Tommy Curry's culturalogical solution to the “derelictical” and “methodological” crises of African American philosophy, and (3) Africana literature as “new” philosophy.
New Descriptions, New Possibilities
Authors: McBride Lee A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
In “Race, Multiculturalism, and Democracy,” Robert Gooding-Williams offers an insight. He writes: “Our sense of ourselves and of the possibilities existing for us is, to a significant degree, a function of the descriptions we have available to us to conceptualize our intended actions and prospective lives…. ‘Hence if new modes of description come into being, new possibilities of action come into being in consequence.’” In this article, I discuss the philosopher's role in the articulation of new descriptions and thus new possibilities. I argue that potential modes of bold and assertive comportment are conjured when new insurrectionist descriptions are articulated within oppressed populations. To bring this to a higher resolution, I discuss the pervasiveness of dialectical conflict, the need to creatively reorient the descriptions of oppressed groups toward liberation, and the need for more than one prescriptive mode of social amelioration.
From Displaced Persons to Secular Saints: Holocaust Survivors, Jewish Identity, and Gender in the Writings of Zelda Popkin
Authors: Popkin Jeremy D. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
In 1945, the American Jewish author Zelda Popkin visited displaced persons camps in Europe and encountered Jewish survivors. For the rest of her life, in letters, novels, articles, and her autobiography, she repeatedly recast these encounters in ways that both reflect the changing American view of the Holocaust and the unique perspective of an American Jewish woman on the subject.
Uso y manejo de plaguicidas en diferentes sistemas de producción de fresa en México
Authors: Salazar Magallón Jesús Antonio , Somoza Vargas Carlos Eduardo , Pérez Armendáriz Beatriz , Velásquez Soriano Mauricio , Torres García Gerardo , Huerta de la Peña Arturo , Ortega Martínez Luis Daniel 
Published: March 2018

Se evaluó el uso y manejo de plaguicidas de distintos sistemas de producción en los Estados de Puebla y Tlaxcala, México. La metodología utilizada fue descriptiva, cualitativa y cuantitativa. Se entrevistó a informantes clave, los cuales representaron una superficie de cultivo promedio de 2000 m2. Se carac­terizaron cinco sistemas de producción diferenciados por las tecnologías empleadas como riego loca­lizado, sistema hidropónico y suelo con acolchado plástico, así como por el cultivo bajo condiciones de invernadero y libre exposición. Los resultados muestran que el 100% de los productores y jornaleros utilizan plaguicidas; los em­pleados con mayor frecuencia son clasificados como poco probable de presentar riesgo agudo en uso normal. Los años de escolaridad presentaron una correlación altamente significativa (p≤00.1) con el empleo de plaguicidas de origen natural. Todos los entrevistados no utilizan equipo completo de protección personal y solo el 20% manifestó síntomas de intoxicación.Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, Vol. 6, 2017: 27-42
Vinte Anos da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN)
Authors: Cury Carlos Roberto Jamil 
Published: March 2018

Este artigo coloca em tela os vinte anos de promulgação da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN), Lei 9.394/1996. Ao promover uma digressão histórica, o texto chama a atenção para a trajetória na educação brasileira de aspectos e princípios fundantes, a qual resulta no texto da lei atual. A análise mostra ainda a sucessão de alterações que recaíram sobre o texto aprovado em 1996, fruto do açodamento pela sua aprovação. Por fim, o artigo indica um conjunto de desafios para a legislação ampliar o reconhecimento e a efetivação do direito à educação no Brasil.
El sanatori en la novel·lística contemporània: ‘El mar’, de Blai Bonet
Authors: Koťátková Adéla 
Published: March 2018

La literatura i la medicina tenen un vincle molt estret, ja que moltes obres s’han servit d’històries sobre la malaltia, com també s’han ambientat en instal·lacions sanitàries, entre les quals destaquen els sanatoris. El sanatori antituberculós, com a espai d’aïllament i avantsala de la mort, ha inspirat molts autors. La novel·lística del segle XX va dedicar una atenció significativa a aquestes institucions que, allunyades de la resta de la societat, condicionaven la vida dels malalts però també la seva identitat. La muntanya màgica de Thomas Mann i Pabellón de reposo de Camilo José Cela són dues referències rellevants d’aquesta producció. En la literatura catalana destaca El mar, del mallorquí Blai Bonet.
Global genomic similarity and core genome sequence diversity of the Streptococcus genus as a toolkit to identify close related bacterial strains in complex environments
Authors: Barajas de la Torre Hugo R , Romero Miguel , Martínez-Sánchez Shamayim , Alcaraz Luis D 
Published: March 2018

Background. Comparative genomics between closely related bacterial strains aids to distinguish important features like pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, and phylogenetic structure. Streptococcus is relevant because public health and food safety and it are well-represented (>100 genomes ) in databases of publicly available databases. Streptococci are cosmopolitan, and there are multiple sources of isolation, from humans to dairy products. The Streptococcus have been classified by morphology, serum types, 16S rRNA gene, and Multi Locus Sequence Types (MLST). The Genomic Similarity Score (GSS) is proposed as a tool to quantify genome level relatedness between Streptococcus and using their core genome as a simplified tool to assess strain specific abundances in metagenomic sequences.
Methods. A 16S rRNA gene phylogeny has been calculated for 108 strains, belonging to 16 Streptococcus species and compared the results to a dendrogram using the GSS with all homologous shared information available in the genomes. Additionally, genus core and pan-genome were calculated. The core genome sequences identity was analyzed and the core genome was used as a seed to discriminate abundances between close related strains in metagenomic samples.
Results. A total of 404 proteins are shared by all 108 Streptococcus genomes, which are the core genome. The core identity values ranges across all the compared strains and outgroups are reported. Lower sequence identity variation (90-100%) within the core belongs to ribosomal and translation-related proteins. It was found out that 48 proteins (11.8%) of the core genome are considered a hypothetical protein and those proteins host the larger sequence identity variations within the core. The sequence identity of the core genome identity diminishes as GSS score between species increases. The GSS dendrogram recovers most of the clades in the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny with the advantage to distinguish between 16S polytomies (unresolved nodes). Finally, our proposed core genome was used to distinguish the abundances of close related strains within human oral metagenomes being able to get strain relative abundances between healthy and caries infected (with S. mutans) individuals.
Discussion. The clinical and food safety importance of Streptococcus genus gives a playground to test multiple comparative genomic scenarios due to its excellent genomic coverage. Understanding of genomic variability and strains relatedness is the goal of tools like GSS, which make use of both pairwise shared core and pan-genomic homologous shared sequences for its calculation. Combination of core genome and rapid alignment tools allows to estimate abundance and discriminate in a strain-specific manner in metagenomic samples. Here it is shared with the community both GSS genomic dendrogram and core genome to explore possibilities within streptococci.
Clinical impact of albumin in advanced head and neck cancer patients with free flap reconstruction—a retrospective study
Authors: Tsai Ming-Hsien , Chuang Hui-Ching , Lin Yu-Tsai , Lu Hui , Chen Wei-Chih , Fang Fu-Min , Chien Chih-Yen 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundPoor nutritional status among patients with advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is common. Albumin is a common indicator of nutritional status and has been shown to be a predictor of oncological outcomes and perioperative morbidity. This study aims to determine the prognostic value of the serum albumin level among patients with advanced HNSCC undergoing surgery with simultaneous free flap reconstruction.MethodsA total of 233 patients with advanced head and neck cancer undergoing tumor resection and immediate microvascular free flap reconstruction in a tertiary referral center were enrolled retrospectively between January 2009 and December 2011. Statistical analyses including Pearson’s chi-squared test were used to determine whether there was a significant difference between each selected clinical factors and postoperative major wound infection. Multiple regression analysis was performed to reveal the relationship between postoperative major wound infection and clinical factors. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression were applied to analyse survival outcome for overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS).ResultsPostoperative serum albumin level (p < 0.001) and tumor location were both significantly associated with postoperative major wound infection (p = 0.018) in univariate analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed a higher risk of postoperative major wound infection among patients with postoperative hypoalbuminemia than in their counterparts (odds ratio [OR] 9.811, 95% CI [2.288–42.065],p = 0.002). Patients with a tumor located over the hypopharynx experienced increased risk of postoperative major wound infection (OR 2.591, 95% CI [1.095–6.129],p = 0.030). With respect to oncological outcomes, preoperative serum albumin level is a significant independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS).ConclusionsPostoperative hypoalbuminemia is a useful indicator for the development of postoperative complications. In addition, preoperative hypoalbuminemia is a negative prognostic factor for patients who have undergone tumor excision and free flap reconstruction for the advanced stage of HNSCC.