bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La casa de hace tiempos. Una lectura de los sujetos y las arquitecturas en la novela Hace tiempos de Tomás Carrasquilla
Authors: Jaramillo Flórez Juan David 
Published: August 2018

Este texto se articula en relación a cómo en Medellín las modificaciones en la arquitectura evidencian el surgimiento y consolidación de las subjetividades de la modernidad. La ruta para dar respuesta a la pregunta es la novela Hace tiempos (1935) de Tomás Carrasquilla. A partir de esta se busca caracterizar a los sujetos que llegaron a Medellín a principios del siglo XX, escenificar las afectaciones que sufrieron los que ya estaban allí e identificar cómo las prácticas sociales de estos habitantes dieron pie a nuevas arquitecturas. Para aclarar estos puntos será necesario abordar el contexto histórico que circunscribe la obra de Carrasquilla, además de presentar las repercusiones que la ficción literaria puede suscitar en la realidad y su estrategia para la consolidación de una nueva crítica a las nuevas formas de arquitectura.
Institutional limitations in the Sphere of Public Housing and Сommunal Services of Moscow
Authors: Kozlova S. B. 
Published: August 2018

The article is devoted to the study of the regional peculiarities of the institute of public housing and communal services in Moscow — a new phenomenon for Russia, which arose during the implementation of one of the stages of administrative reform. The aim of the work is to develop socio-economic policies in the housing and communal services sector based on the identification of institutional constraints in the activities of state bodies and organizations of housing and communal services, related to the provision of services for the management, operation, and repair of housing, improvement of urban areas. The study was carried out by general scientific methods — logical, analysis, systematization and synthesis of data. We defined the specificity of budgetary institutions as the main subject of the sphere of state housing and communal services. We identified limitations in activity of formal and informal institutions in housing and communal services: the lack of criteria and mechanisms of quality control of services; staffing imbalances in the organs of management; violations of principles of confidentiality and legality of the measures taken in the consideration of the complaints of citizens; the impossibility of a full-fledged financial and economic cooperation in the chain the founder-organization; lack of coordination in owners’ activity in the management of apartment buildings. We also revealed negative informal relations in the organization of public control over housing and communal services. We concluded there is a necessity to develop the system of quality control in the field of public services with the mandatory evaluation criteria and the availability of professional staff appraisers, as well as the need for analysis of possible limitations in the implementation of the model institutions in the Russian practice. The existence of unexplored and unresolved institutional constraints provokes negative externalities in the institutional environment and cannot indicate the increment of its change.
History of Economic Crises: Economic-Mathematical Verification of the Main Conclusions
Authors: Shcherbakov G. A. 
Published: August 2018

The market economy is subject to its own special laws. Its spontaneous character is revealed during crises — the unknown phenomena of world economic life, the nature of which has not yet received a generally recognized explanation in economic science. This article is an attempt to comprehend the causes and consequences of economic crises, to classify them by the nature of the forming processes, as well as to give an economic and mathematical justification of the scientific conclusions of the proposed research. The conclusions presented in the article are based on the results of processing a wide array of unique statistical data for more than 200 years of development of the world economy. A significant part of the work is devoted to verification of the findings of the study through economic and mathematical modeling using the software platform “Infoanalytic”, the intellectual basis of which is the methodology of the regularizing Bayesian approach (modification of the “traditional” Bayesian approach) and Bayesian intelligent measurements designed to generate stable estimates under conditions of significant uncertainty as a priori, and the actual information coming in the current mode as well as. The article highlights the results of a retrospective analysis of the development of the world economy since the industrial revolution of the XVIII century. The revealed regularities allow forming the hypothesis explaining the causes of differences in the realization of economic phenomena at all stages of the long-term cyclic process.
The Directions of FinTech Development in Russia: Expert Opinion of the Financial University
Authors: Eskindarov M. A. , Abramova M. A. , Maslennikov V. V. , Amosova N. A. , Varnavskii A. V. , Dubova S. E. , Zvonova E. A. , Krivoruchko S. V. , Lopatin V. A. , Pishchik V. Ya. , Rudakova O. S. , Ruchkina G. F. , Slavin B. B. , Fedotova M. A. 
Published: August 2018

The active digitalization of the life of modern society observed over the past 20 years has led to real changes in the economy. The financial sector is at the heart of a digital transformation that has been spearheaded by FinTech, which is now shaping a new segment of modern financial markets. At the same time, the most wellknown objects of FinTech are cryptocurrency and token. Cryptocurrencies, regardless of the attitude of regulatory authorities to them, have become a virtual reality of the financial sector and are actively used to pay for goods and services. The peculiarity of cryptocurrencies is its anonymity and unaccountability of the state that defines a range of risks to society and the state. However, cryptocurrencies, along with risks, create opportunities — from the development of innovative technologies to the creation of new jobs and replenishment of the national budget. The penetration of FinTech into the financial market segments traditionally occupied by banks gave rise to a discussion about their future. However, it will probably not be the displacement of the banks but their FinTech transformation. An example of this is the payment industry, which has become one of the main consumers of the latest financial technologies and provides a wide range of opportunities for FinTech companies to develop. An important element of FinTech is RegTech (Regulatory Technology), which allows companies to bypass trade barriers and helps build a constructive dialogue with regulators. In turn, SupTech (Supervision Technology) is used for analysis and forecasting purposes. At the end of the article, based on the analysis of foreign experience, we formulated the main approaches, the implementation of which allows states to stimulate the introduction and development of new financial technologies, as well as we analysed the experience of interstate coordination of cooperation in the field of financial technologies in the EU and the EAEU countries.
Bringing Together Economics and Psychology: Theoretical and Practical Aspects (Nobel Prize in Economics 2017)
Authors: Simochkin D. I. 
Published: August 2018

Behavioral economics is a field of research, where the analytical possibilities of psychology science are applied to the analysis of economic decision-making. This approach allows more in-depth analysis of the decision-making process of economic agents and opens up new opportunities for research aimed at increasing overall social benefits.This article examines the studies of Richard Thaler, noted by the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2017, devoted to the study of three psychological features of economic man which systematically affect the behavior of economic agents: limited rationality, the perception of justice (social preferences), and the problem of selfcontrol.Using the system approach, the author sets a goal to carry out a complex analysis of the theoretical, methodological and practical works of the Nobel Prize Laureate, that have received world recognition. The attention is also focused on the awarded Nobel Prize in connection with the peculiarities of the Nobel Committee’s policy of awarding that has been formed over the past few years, within the framework of the development of the world economic science.The article systematizes Thaler’s scientific contribution to economics. In addition, it concludes that awarding of the Nobel Prize in 2017 fits into the overall picture of awards in the last few years. At the same time, it notes one of the main directions of the Nobel Committee’s activities related to the “definition” of such research results and programs that could rehabilitate economic science after the past economic crisis and prevent further increase in the uncertainty of the world economic system.
Genomic epidemiology of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST22 widespread in communities of the Gaza Strip, 2009
Authors: Chang Qiuzhi , Abuelaish Izzeldin , Biber Asaf , Jaber Hanaa , Callendrello Alanna , Andam Cheryl P , Regev-Yochay Gili , Hanage William P ,   on behalf of the PICR Study Group
Published: August 2018

Background
Remarkably high carriage prevalence of a community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain of sequence type (ST) 22 in the Gaza strip was reported in 2012. This strain is linked to the pandemic hospital-associated EMRSA-15. The origin and evolutionary history of ST22 in Gaza communities and the genomic elements contributing to its widespread predominance are unknown. Methods: We generated high-quality draft genomes of 61 ST22 isolates from Gaza communities and, along with 175 ST22 genomes from global sources, reconstructed the ST22 phylogeny and examined genotypes unique to the Gaza isolates. Results: The Gaza isolates do not exhibit a close relationship with hospital-associated ST22 isolates, but rather with a basal population from which EMRSA-15 emerged. There were two separate resistance acquisitions by the same MSSA lineage, followed by diversification of other genetic determinants. Nearly all isolates in the two distinct clades, one characterised by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) IVa and the other by SCCmec V and MSSA isolates, contain the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 gene. Discussion: The genomic diversity of Gaza ST22 isolates is not consistent with recent emergence in the region. The results indicate that two divergent Gaza clones evolved separately from susceptible isolates. Researchers should not assume that isolates identified as ST22 in the community are examples of EMRSA-15 that have escaped their healthcare roots. Future surveillance of MRSA is essential to the understanding of ST22 evolutionary dynamics and to aid efforts to slow the further spread of this lineage.
EFEK PENAMBAHAN DEBIT KEBUTUHAN PADA DAERAH LAYANAN TERHADAP KONDISI EXISTING PIPA AIR BERSIH KOTA LANGSA
Authors: Gani Fauzi Abdul 
Published: August 2018

Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) Kota Langsa berada di desa Kemining 6 km di Barat Laut kota Langsa dikelola PDAM Tirta Keumuneng dengan sumber air baku dari Krueng Langsa dan Waduk Alue Gampu, kapasitas debit 100-200 lt/det. Daerah pelayanan air bersih terdiri dari 37 desa di daerah Langsa Timur, Langsa lama dan Langsa Kota, Survai/penelitian ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan pemenuhan air di wilayah Kecamatan Langsa lama dan Langsa Timur. Pendistribusian air bersih sampai dengan tahun 2020 pada wilayah Kecamatan Langsa lama dan Langsa Timur direncanakan dibagi dalam 13 daerah layanan, Perencanaan jaringan melalui penyambungan pipa 227 dengan Node Pipa 256-157 yang berlokasi di Jalan Meurandeh sepanjang 4618 meter. Laju pertumbuhan penduduk dilakukan analisis dengan metode Aritmatik. dan Geometric. Total jumlah penduduk dari daerah layanan 2-1 sampai dengan 2-13 adalah 59.928 jiwa. perhitungan kehilangan pada setiap node menggunakan <em>Software EPANET</em> v 2.0. Hasil analisis pada konfigurasi sistem jaringan transmisi telah memberikan hasil yang optimal. Hal ini diindikasikan dengan tidak adanya nilai tekanan yang bernilai negatif pada setiap node dan Kondisi ini sudah sesuai dengan besaran tekanan yang disyaratkan
KUAT TEKAN BETON YANG MENGANDUNG ABU AMPAS KOPI DENGAN BAHAN TAMBAH SUPERPLASTICIZER
Authors: Alkhaly Yulius Rief 
Published: August 2018

<p class="11daftarpustaka">Penggunakan material posolan yang berasal dari bahan organik dalam adukan beton terus meningkat. Material posolan ini dapat berupa hasil sampingan dari produk pertanian/perkebunan. Salah satu produk sampingan dari pengolahan produk perkebunan adalah ampas kopi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetetahuinilai kuat tekan dari beton yang mengandung abu ampas kopi (AAK) sebesar 5% dengan bahan tambah superplasticizer pada variasi 0,5%, 1% dan 2% dari berat semen. Abu ampas kopi didapat dengan cara dibakar pada suhu 700 <sup>O</sup>C, kemudian dihaluskan hingga lolos saringan no.200 (75 µm). Benda uji yang digunakan berbentuk silinder dengan diamater 150 mm x 300 mm sebanyak 40 buah. Mutu beton yang direncanakan adalah 35 MPa dengan fas 0,385. Hasil pengujian kuat tekan beton normal pada umur 28 hari (BN) sebesar 35,98 MPa. Pada pengurangan air adukan 10% dan penambahan superplasticizer 0,5%, 1% dan 2% didapat nilai kuat tekan sebesar 42,32 MPa, 43,33 MPa, dan 47,83 MPa, meningkat sebesar 17 % sampai 33% dari kuat tekan beton normal. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwasubstitusiabu ampas kopi 5% terdadap berat semen tanpa superplasticizermemberi peningkatan kuat tekan sebesar 3,78% dari beton normal.Pada substitusiAAK sebesar 5% dan dengan tambahan superplasticizer sebesar 0,5%, 1% dan 2%, dihasilakn kuat tekan masing-masing sebesar 44,71 MPa, 45,90 MPa dan 49,74 MPa. Ketiga mutu beton ini dapat di katagorikan dalam beton mutu tinggi.</p>
LA INVESTIGACIÓN Y SUS PASIONES EN LA UNIVERSIDAD ECUATORIANA: VOCES, RESISTENCIAS Y PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Fontaines-Ruiz Tomás 
Published: August 2018

El Estado ecuatoriano, al autoevaluarse en el marco de su reforma constitucional en el 2008, cuestiona la calidad, pertinencia, escalabilidad y visibilidad de sus universidades. Toma conciencia de la urgencia de una reingeniería e implosiona la interacción socio discursiva, provocando nuevas sinergias y nuevas identidades, por ello, en este estudio explico cómo se produjo la trama de sentidos que hizo de la investigación universitaria, un activo dentro de la transformación de la educación superior ecuatoriana. Se parte de la idea que los factores sociopolíticos condicionan la adopción epistémica y curricular, en consecuencia, los cambios estructurales son posibles en presencia del Estado. Se concluye que la voluntad del poder, puesta al servicio de la reingeniería política, posicionó la investigación como un activo dentro de la transformación educativa del país, proyectándolo hacia la soberanía tecnológica como consecuencia del crecimiento de sus intangibles.

Palabras clave: Voluntad de poder, Estado, ciencia, investigación, universidad.
Costos médicos directos de las Internaciones por Insuficiencia Cardiaca en el Plan de Salud del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires
Authors: Waisman Gabriel Dario , Tortella Juan Jose , Garfi Leonardo Guillermo , Izbizky Gustavo Hernan 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: It is undeniable that costs of medical care in chronic diseases has increased. There are multiple reasons: population aging, associated pathologies late complications, available high cost health technologies. Heart failure is one of the main causes of global death and morbidity, being the final consequence of cardiac diseases and hypertension, fulfilling criteria of becoming a high costs pathology. We are going to evaluate direct medical costs of hospitalization due to heart failure from the vision of those who manage health resources.
Materials and Methods: Observational, retrospective cohort using secondary databases from the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Adult population with diagnosed heart failure that required hospitalization with discharge diagnosis of heart failure between 2007 and 2011.
Results: The main cost component was attributable to hospital bed, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The average incidence of hospitalizations during the period was 11.4 per 10,000 patients / year. Overall mortality in the episode rate was 0.25% per year and 28.8 % overall 60%
Conclusion: The most important decision seems decide whether management can be done on an outpatient basis or not, using heart failures guidelines to optimize time of admission, auxiliary diagnostic methods and medications used.
Morbilidad de la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica en Colombia. Resultados del Estudio SANEPOC-2
Authors: Kuzmar Isaac , Giraldo Ospina Carlos Eduardo , Acevedo Osorio German Oved , Rua Salas Guido 
Published: August 2018

Objective: to relate the morbidities of patients belonging to the COPD program of a health institution in Anserma, Caldas (Colombia). Material and Methods: a descriptive study was presented with a sample of 51 patients who underwent exploratory spirometry, the findings were contrasted with the main commodities reported by the patients or the Medical Record through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: 50% of the evaluated population had at least one recorded comorbidity; the main morbidity found was Arterial Hypertension followed by Chronic Kidney Disease; an associated behavior was found between the GOLD classification and the presence of symptoms with non-statistically significant values; no statistically significant association was found between comorbidities and spirometric values. Conclusions: new research is needed that clearly values causality in the Colombian population.
Intraocular pressure during neurosurgical procedures in context of head position and loss of cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Czorlich Patrick , Krätzig Theresa , Kluge Nikolas , Skevas Christos , Knospe Volker , Spitzer Martin Stephan , Dreimann Marc , Mende Klaus Christian , Westphal Manfred , Eicker Sven Oliver 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEPerioperative visual loss (POVL) is a rare but serious complication in surgical disciplines, especially in spine surgery. The exact pathophysiology of POVL remains unclear, but elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is known to be part of it. As POVL is rarely described in patients undergoing intracranial or intradural surgery, the aim of this study was to investigate the course of IOP during neurosurgical procedures with opening of the dura mater and loss of CSF.METHODSIn this prospective, controlled trial, 64 patients fell into one of 4 groups of 16 patients each. Group A included patients undergoing spine surgery in the prone position, group B patients had intracranial procedures in the prone position, and group C patients were treated for intracranial pathologies in a modified lateral position with the head rotated. In groups A–C, the dura was opened during surgery. Group D patients underwent spine surgeries in the prone position with an intact dura. IOP was measured continuously pre-, peri-, and postoperatively.RESULTSIn all groups, IOP decreased after induction of anesthesia and increased time dependently after final positioning for the operation. The maximum IOP in group A prior to opening of the dura was 28.6 ± 6.2 mm Hg and decreased to 23.44 ± 4.9 mm Hg directly after dura opening (p < 0.0007). This effect lasted for 30 minutes (23.5 ± 5.6 mm Hg, p = 0.0028); after 60 minutes IOP slowly increased again (24.5 ± 6.3 mm Hg, p = 0.15). In group B, the last measured IOP before CSF loss was 28.1 ± 5.0 mm Hg and decreased to 23.5 ± 6.1 mm Hg (p = 0.0039) after dura opening. A significant IOP decrease in group B lasted at 30 minutes (23.6 ± 6.0 mm Hg, p = 0.0039) and 60 minutes (23.7 ± 6.0 mm Hg, p = 0.0189). In group C, only the lower eye showed a decrease in IOP up to 60 minutes after loss of CSF (opening of dura, p = 0.0007; 30 minutes, p = 0.0477; 60 minutes, p = 0.0243). In group D (control group), IOP remained stable throughout the operation after the patient was prone.CONCLUSIONSThis study is the first to demonstrate that opening of the dura with loss of CSF during neurosurgical procedures results in a decrease in IOP. This might explain why POVL predominantly occurs in spinal but rarely in intracranial procedures, offers new insight to the pathophysiology of POVL, and provides the basis for further research and treatment of POVL.German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) no.: DRKS00007590 (drks.de)
Sagittal alignment of the cervical spine in the setting of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Akbar Michael , Almansour Haidara , Lafage Renaud , Diebo Bassel G. , Wiedenhöfer Bernd , Schwab Frank , Lafage Virginie , Pepke Wojciech 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to investigate the impact of thoracic and lumbar alignment on cervical alignment in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).METHODSEighty-one patients with AIS who had a Cobb angle > 40° and full-length spine radiographs were included. Radiographs were analyzed using dedicated software to measure pelvic parameters (sacral slope [SS], pelvic incidence [PI], pelvic tilt [PT]); regional parameters (C1 slope, C0–C2 angle, chin-brow vertical angle [CBVA], slope of line of sight [SLS], McRae slope, McGregor slope [MGS], C2–7 [cervical lordosis; CL], C2–7 sagittal vertical axis [SVA], C2–T3, C2–T3 SVA, C2–T1 Harrison measurement [C2–T1 Ha], T1 slope, thoracic kyphosis [TK], lumbar lordosis [LL], and PI-LL mismatch); and global parameters (SVA). Patients were stratified by their lumbar alignment into hyperlordotic (LL > 59.7°) and normolordotic (LL 39.3° to 59.7°) groups and also, based on their thoracic alignment, into hypokyphotic (TK < −33.1°) and normokyphotic (TK −33.1° to −54.9°) groups. Finally, they were grouped based on their global alignment into either an anterior-aligned group or a posterior-aligned group.RESULTSThe lumbar hyperlordotic group, in comparison to the normolordotic group, had a significantly larger LL, SS, PI (all p < 0.001), and TK (p = 0.014) and a significantly smaller PI-LL mismatch (p = 0.001). Lumbar lordosis had no influence on local cervical parameters.The thoracic hypokyphotic group had a significantly larger PI-LL mismatch (p < 0.002) and smaller T1 slope (p < 0.001), and was significantly more posteriorly aligned than the normokyphotic group (−15.02 ± 8.04 vs 13.54 ± 6.17 [mean ± SEM], p = 0.006). The patients with hypokyphotic AIS had a kyphotic cervical spine (cervical kyphosis [CK]) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a posterior-aligned cervical spine in terms of C2–7 SVA (p < 0.006) and C2–T3 SVA (p < 0.001) was observed in the thoracic hypokyphotic group.Comparing patients in terms of global alignment, the posterior-aligned group had a significantly smaller T1 slope (p < 0.001), without any difference in terms of pelvic, lumbar, and thoracic parameters when compared to the anterior-aligned group. The posterior-aligned group also had a CK (−9.20 ± 1.91 vs 5.21 ± 2.95 [mean ± SEM], p < 0.001) and a more posterior-aligned cervical spine, as measured by C2–7 SVA (p = 0.003) and C2–T3 SVA (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSAlignment of the cervical spine is closely related to thoracic curvature and global alignment. In patients with AIS, a hypokyphotic thoracic alignment or posterior global alignment was associated with a global cervical kyphosis. Interestingly, upper cervical and cranial parameters were not statistically different in all investigated groups, meaning that the upper cervical spine was not recruited for compensation in order to maintain a horizontal gaze.