bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic ensemble of HIV-1 RRE stem IIB reveals non-native conformations that disrupt the Rev-binding site
Authors: Chu Chia-Chieh , Plangger Raphael , Kreutz Christoph , Al-Hashimi Hashim M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) RNA element mediates the nuclear export of intron containing viral RNAs by forming an oligomeric complex with the viral protein Rev. Stem IIB and nearby stem II three-way junction nucleate oligomerization through cooperative binding of two Rev molecules. Conformational flexibility at this RRE region has been shown to be important for Rev binding. However, the nature of the flexibility has remained elusive. Here, using NMR relaxation dispersion, including a new strategy for directly observing transient conformational states in large RNAs, we find that stem IIB alone or when part of the larger RREII three-way junction robustly exists in dynamic equilibrium with non-native excited state (ES) conformations that have a combined population of ∼20%. The ESs disrupt the Rev-binding site by changing local secondary structure, and their stabilization via point substitution mutations decreases the binding affinity to the Rev arginine-rich motif (ARM) by 15- to 80-fold. The ensemble clarifies the conformational flexibility observed in stem IIB, reveals long-range conformational coupling between stem IIB and the three-way junction that may play roles in cooperative Rev binding, and also identifies non-native RRE conformational states as new targets for the development of anti-HIV therapeutics.
Two factor authentication: Asf1 mediates crosstalk between H3 K14 and K56 acetylation
Authors: Cote Joy M , Kuo Yin-Ming , Henry Ryan A , Scherman Hataichanok , Krzizike Daniel D , Andrews Andrew J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The ability of histone chaperone Anti-silencing factor 1 (Asf1) to direct acetylation of lysine 56 of histone H3 (H3K56ac) represents an important regulatory step in genome replication and DNA repair. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Asf1 interacts functionally with a second chaperone, Vps75, and the lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) Rtt109. Both Asf1 and Vps75 can increase the specificity of histone acetylation by Rtt109, but neither alter selectivity. However, changes in acetylation selectivity have been observed in histones extracted from cells, which contain a plethora of post-translational modifications. In the present study, we use a series of singly acetylated histones to test the hypothesis that histone pre-acetylation and histone chaperones function together to drive preferential acetylation of H3K56. We show that pre-acetylated H3K14ac/H4 functions with Asf1 to drive specific acetylation of H3K56 by Rtt109–Vps75. Additionally, we identified an exosite containing an acidic patch in Asf1 and show that mutations to this region alter Asf1-mediated crosstalk that changes Rtt109–Vps75 selectivity. Our proposed mechanism suggests that Gcn5 acetylates H3K14, recruiting remodeler complexes, allowing for the Asf1-H3K14ac/H4 complex to be acetylated at H3K56 by Rtt109–Vps75. This mechanism explains the conflicting biochemical data and the genetic links between Rtt109, Vps75, Gcn5 and Asf1 in the acetylation of H3K56.
Direct quantification of the translocation activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pif1 helicase
Authors: Lu Chen , Le Shimin , Chen Jin , Byrd Alicia K , Rhodes Daniela , Raney Kevin D , Yan Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae Pif1 (ScPif1) is known as an ATP-dependent DNA helicase that plays critical roles in a number of important biological processes such as DNA replication, telomere maintenance and genome stability maintenance. Besides its DNA helicase activity, ScPif1 is also known as a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) translocase, while how ScPif1 translocates on ssDNA is unclear. Here, by measuring the translocation activity of individual ScPif1 molecules on ssDNA extended by mechanical force, we identified two distinct types of ssDNA translocation. In one type, ScPif1 moves along the ssDNA track with a rate of ∼140 nt/s in 100 μM ATP, whereas in the other type, ScPif1 is immobilized to a fixed location of ssDNA and generates ssDNA loops against force. Between the two, the mobile translocation is the major form at nanomolar ScPif1 concentrations although patrolling becomes more frequent at micromolar concentrations. Together, our results suggest that ScPif1 translocates on extended ssDNA in two distinct modes, primarily in a ‘mobile’ manner.
The Learning Curve of Subaxial Cervical Pedicle Screw Placement: How Can We Avoid Neurovascular Complications in the Initial Period?
Authors: Heo Yeon , Lee Su Bum , Lee Byung Ju , Jeong Sung Kyun , Rhim Seung Chul , Roh Sung Woo , Park Jin Hoon 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Despite the biomechanical benefits of subaxial cervical pedicle screw (CPS) placement, possible neurovascular complications, including vertebral artery and nerve root injury, are of great concern. We have demonstrated many times the safety and efficacy of CPS deployments, even when using freehand technology.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the learning curve of CPS placement to determine the number of cases necessary for assuring safe CPS placement and to identify a reasonable accuracy rate.

METHODS
From March 2012 to August 2018, a single surgeon performed posterior cervical fusion surgery using CPS placement on 162 consecutive patients. We classified whole surgical periods, 6 years, into 4 periods. We analyzed the screw breach rate, lateral mass screw conversion (LMSC) rate, and reposition rate. We also compared the CPS placement accuracy in the initial 15, 20, and 30 patients with the other 147, 142, and 132 patients, respectively, to assess the number of procedures necessary to reach the learning curve plateau and to identify a reasonable accuracy rate.

RESULT
The total number of planned CPS placements was 979. Our learning curve showed that the breach rate plateaus at 3% to 4%. The necessary numbers for safe and accurate CPS placement during learning curve were 30 patients and 170 screws. None of the patients undergoing CPS developed a neurologic or vascular complication.

CONCLUSION
By following our 5 safety steps, the steady state for safety and accuracy can be reached without neurovascular complications even in the initial period of the learning curve.
The Role of RNA-Binding Protein OsTudor-SN in Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Seed Storage Proteins and Endosperm Development
Authors: Chou Hong-Li , Tian Li , Fukuda Masako , Kumamaru Toshihiro , Okita Thomas W 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tudor-SN is involved in a myriad of transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes due to its modular structure consisting of 4 tandem SN domains (4SN module) and C-terminal Tsn module consisting of Tudor-partial SN domains. We had previously demonstrated that OsTudor-SN is a key player for transporting storage protein mRNAs to specific ER subdomains in developing rice endosperm. Here, we provide genetic evidence that this multifunctional RBP is required for storage protein expression, seed development and protein body formation. The rice EM1084 line, possessing a nonsynonymous mutation in the 4SN module (SN3 domain), exhibited a strong reduction in grain weight and storage protein accumulation, while a mutation in the Tudor domain (47M) or the loss of the Tsn module (43M) had much smaller effects. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis showed the presence of a new protein body type containing glutelin and prolamine inclusions in EM1084, while 43M and 47M exhibited structurally modified prolamine and glutelin protein bodies. Transcriptome analysis indicates that OsTudor-SN also functions in regulating gene expression of transcriptional factors and genes involved in developmental processes and stress responses as well as for storage proteins. Normal protein body formation, grain weight and expression of many genes were partially restored in EM1084 transgenic line complemented with wild-type OsTudor-SN gene. Overall, our study showed that OsTudor-SN possesses multiple functional properties in rice storage protein expression and seed development and that the 4SN and Tsn modules have unique roles in these processes.
10Affect Theory
Authors: Simecek Karen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews works in affect theory published in 2018. The chapter is divided into the following sections: 1. Introduction; 2. The Interplay of Feeling and Thinking, which focuses on Rick Furtak’s Knowing Emotions and Antonio Damasio’s The Strange Order of Things; 3. Narrative of Affect and Affective Narratives, which focuses on Erica L. Johnson’s Cultural Memory, Memorials, and Reparative Writing and Duncan A. Lucas’s Affect Theory, Genre, and the Example of Tragedy; 4. Digital Affect, which focuses on Tero Karppi’s Disconnect: Facebook’s Affective Bonds and Affect and Social Media: Emotion, Mediation, Anxiety and Contagion, edited by Tony D. Sampson, Stephen Maddison and Darren Ellis; 5. Reflections. In publications this year, old themes have been given renewed attention; for instance, the relationship between knowledge and emotion, and narrative and affect, but there have also been new lines of enquiry that have emerged in the sub-field of digital affect, which extends understanding of the role of technology in enhancing and shaping, as well as limiting, felt experience.
Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Birthweight: Differences in Associations Along the Birthweight Distribution
Authors: Fong Kelvin C. , Kosheleva Anna , Kloog Itai , Koutrakis Petros , Laden Francine , Coull Brent A. , Schwartz Joel D. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Maternal exposure to fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) during pregnancy is associated with lower newborn birthweight, which is a risk factor for chronic disease. Existing studies typically report the average association related with PM2.5 increase, which does not offer information about potentially varying associations at different points of the birthweight distribution.

Methods:
We retrieved all birth records in Massachusetts between 2001 and 2013 then restricted our analysis to full-term live singletons (n = 775,768). Using the birthdate, gestational age, and residential address reported at time of birth, we estimated the average maternal PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy of each birth. PM2.5 predictions came from a model that incorporates satellite, land use, and meteorologic data. We applied quantile regression to quantify the association between PM2.5 and birthweight at each decile of birthweight, adjusted for individual and neighborhood covariates. We considered effect modification by indicators of individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES).

Results:
PM2.5 was negatively associated with birthweight. An interquartile range increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 16 g [95% confidence interval (CI) = 13, 19] lower birthweight on average, 19 g (95% CI = 15, 23) lower birthweight at the lowest decile of birthweight, and 14 g (95% CI = 9, 19) lower birthweight at the highest decile. In general, the magnitudes of negative associations were larger at lower deciles. We did not find evidence of effect modification by individual or neighborhood SES.

Conclusions:
In full-term live births, PM2.5 and birthweight were negatively associated with more severe associations at lower quantiles of birthweight.
The glutamate to γ-aminobutyric acid ratio in the posterior insula is associated with pain perception in healthy women but not in women with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Gradinger Tobias , Sack Markus , Cardinale Vita , Thiacourt Margot , Baumgärtner Ulf , Schmahl Christian , Ende Gabriele 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the differences in pain perception between patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and healthy subjects (HCs) can be explained by differences in the glutamate/GABA ratio in the posterior insula. In total, 29 BPD patients and 31 HCs were included in the statistical analysis. Mechanical pain sensitivity was experimentally assessed with pinprick stimuli between 32 and 512 mN on a numeric rating scale. The metabolites were measured in the right posterior insula using the MEshcher–GArwood Point-RESolved Spectroscopy sequence for single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). The 256- and the 512-mN pinprick stimuli were perceived as significantly less painful by the BPD patient group compared with HCs. No differences were found between groups for the glutamate/GABA ratios. A positive correlation between the glutamate/GABA ratio and the pain intensity ratings to 256- and 512-mN pinpricks could be found in the combined and in the HC group. In the BPD patient group, the correlations between the glutamate/GABA ratio and the pain intensity ratings to 256- and 512-mN pinpricks did not reach significance. In conclusion, the study showed that individual differences in pain perception may in part be explained by the individual glutamate/GABA ratio in the posterior insula. However, this possible mechanism does not explain the differences in pain perception between BPD patients and HCs.
The Price of Immune Responses and the Role of Vitamin D in the Inner Ear
Authors: Büki Béla , Jünger Heinz , Zhang Yan , Lundberg Yunxia Wang 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
In this review the authors discuss evidence from the literature concerning vitamin D and temporal bone diseases (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo [BPPV], Menière's disease [MD], vestibular neuritis, idiopathic facial paralysis, idiopathic acute hearing loss). Common features shared by Menière's disease, glaucoma, and the possible influence by vitamin D are briefly discussed.

Data Sources, Study Selection:
Publications from 1970 until recent times have been reviewed according to a keyword search (see above) in PubMed.

Conclusions:
MD, BPPV, vestibular neuritis, idiopathic facial paralysis, idiopathic acute hearing loss may all have several etiological factors, but a common feature of the current theories is that an initial viral infection and a subsequent autoimmune/autoinflammatory reaction might be involved. Additionally, in some of these entities varying degrees of demyelination have been documented. Given the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D, we postulate that it may play a role in suppressing an eventual postviral autoimmune reaction. This beneficial effect may be enhanced by the antioxidative activity of vitamin D and its potential in stabilizing endothelial cells. The association of vitamin D deficiency with demyelination has already been established in other entities such as multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Mice without vitamin D receptor show degenerative features in inner ear ganglia, hair cells, as well as otoconia. The authors suggest further studies concerning the role of vitamin D deficiency in diseases of the temporal bone. Additionally, the possible presence and degree of demyelination in these entities will have to be elucidated more systematically in the future.
Age Dependent Cost-Effectiveness of Cochlear Implantation in Adults. Is There an Age Related Cut-off?
Authors: Laske Roman D. , Dreyfuss Michael , Stulman Alan , Veraguth Dorothe , Huber Alexander M. , Röösli Christof 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
To analyze the impact of age at implantation on the cost-effectiveness of cochlear implantation (CI).

Study Design:
Cost-utility analysis in an adapted Markov model.

Setting:
Adults with profound postlingual hearing loss in a “high income” country.

Intervention:
Unilateral and sequential CI were compared with hearing aids (HA).

Main Outcome Measure:
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), calculated as costs per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained (in CHF/QALY), for individual age and sex combinations in relation to two different willingness to pay thresholds. 1 CHF (Swiss franc) is equivalent to 1.01 USD.

Results:
When a threshold of 50,000 CHF per QALY is applied, unilateral CI in comparison to HA is cost-effective up to an age of 91 for women and 89 for men. Sequential CI in comparison to HA is cost-effective up to an age of 87 for women and 85 for men. If a more contemporary threshold of 100,000 CHF per QALY is applied, sequential CI in comparison to unilateral CI is cost-effective up to an age of 80 for women and 78 for men.

Conclusions:
Performing both sequential and unilateral CI is cost-effective up to very advanced ages when compared with hearing aids.
Pancreatobiliary Versus Head and Neck Manifestations in Immunoglobulin G4–related Disease
Authors: Mohapatra Sonmoon , Sharma Ayush , Chari Suresh T. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives
We compared the clinical profiles and organ manifestations of the commonly encountered immunoglobulin G4–related diseases (IgG4-RDs) on either side of the diaphragm: head and neck (HN) versus pancreatobiliary (PB) in IgG4-RD.

Methods
From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, database, we identified 53 HN and 88 PB IgG4-RD based on the first affected organ manifestation.

Results
Compared with HN IgG4-RD, subjects with PB IgG4-RD were likely to be older (median, 64.8 vs 50.2 years; P < 0.0001), male (83% vs 60.4%; P = 0.003), and with a shorter duration of follow-up (24.4 vs 48.7 months; P < 0.0001). In HN versus PB-IgG4-RD orbital, lacrimal gland, submandibular, parotid gland, asthma, and sinusitis manifestations were more common (77% vs 4.5%, 21% vs 0%, 32% vs 8%, 13% vs 0%, 36% vs 9%, and 51% vs 6.8%; P < 0.0001, respectively), whereas lung manifestations were similar (13.2% vs 5.6%; P = 0.12). In contrast, in PB versus HN IgG4-RD, pancreas and biliary were more frequent (98.8% vs 15%, 56.8% vs 3.7%; P < 0.0001), whereas renal lesions were similar (12.5% vs 7.5%; P = 0.36).

Conclusion
Pancreatobiliary and HN IgG4-RD have distinct clinical profiles. Proximity matters in other organ involvement in IgG4-RD, and organs involved tend to cluster close to each.
Predicting Successful Catheter Drainage in Patients With Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Smits F. Jasmijn , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Besselink Marc G. , Boerma Djamila , Busch Olivier R. , van Dam Ronald M. , van Eijck Casper H. , Festen Sebastiaan , van der Harst Erwin , de Hingh Ignace H. , de Jong Koert P. , Borel Rinkes Inne H. , Molenaar I. Quintus 
Published: June 2019

Objectives
The objective of this study was to identify predictors for successful minimally invasive catheter drainage (ie, survival without relaparotomy) for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy.

Methods
Included were consecutive patients undergoing catheter drainage as first intervention for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy (2005–2013) in 9 Dutch centers. Possible prognostic factors for successful catheter drainage (ie, survival without relaparotomy) were selected using Akaike information criterion.

Results
Included were 227 patients after 2196 pancreatoduodenectomies. Primary catheter drainage was successful in 175 (77%) of 227 patients. Multivariable logistic regression revealed the following negative prognostic factors for success: male sex (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–1.00; P = 0.049), higher age (for every 5 years over 50; OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57–0.84; P < 0.001), and respiratory failure at time of catheter drainage (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03–0.33; P < 0.001). A prognostic model incorporating these factors yielded an area under the curve of 0.76 and demonstrated a success range of 98% to 14%.

Conclusions
Male sex, higher age, and respiratory failure are associated with a low success rate of catheter drainage in patients with pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy. These patients might benefit from an intensified postoperative monitoring for early detection and management of pancreatic fistula to prevent respiratory failure.
Low Serum Trypsin Levels Predict Deep Pancreatic Cannulation Failure During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Patients With Symptomatic Obstructive Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Faghih Mahya , Boortalary Tina , Jalaly Niloofar Y. , Brewer Gutierrez Olaya I. , Chen Yen-I , Azadi Javad R. , Parsa Nasim , Noë Michaël , Fan Christopher , Kumbhari Vivek , Kalloo Anthony N. , Zaheer Atif , Khashab Mouen A. , Singh Vikesh K. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives
Deep pancreatic cannulation (DPC) failure during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) can occur in the presence of ductal obstruction due to strictures and/or stones. There are currently no simple preprocedure clinical or laboratory tests that can predict DPC failure during ERCP.

Methods
All adult patients with definite CP by M-ANNHEIM criteria referred to the pancreatitis clinic between 2010 and 2017 were evaluated. Serum trypsin levels were obtained to assess the morphologic severity of disease and/or exocrine insufficiency. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with DPC failure.

Results
There were 346 patients, of whom 100 underwent trypsin measurements and ERCP for symptomatic CP. Deep pancreatic cannulation failure occurred in 32 (32%). There were no significant differences with regard to age, sex, etiology, smoking, and alcohol use. Deep pancreatic cannulation failure was more likely to occur in patients with low trypsin levels (53.1% vs 25%, P = 0.007) compared with those with successful DPC. Low trypsin levels were independently associated with DPC failure in adjusted analysis (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–11; P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Low serum trypsin levels independently predict DPC failure during ERCP in patients with symptomatic obstructive CP.
Fecal Occult Blood Tests
Authors: Danesh Valerie , Gisi Brittany , Narayan Maitreyi , Yoder Linda , Zad Omid 
Published: June 2019

Purpose/Objectives
The purpose of this program was to deimplement the use of fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) for hospitalized patients.

Description of the Project/Program
We used a multipronged multidisciplinary approach to deimplement the use of FOBT, including physician-nurse collaborations, data-based poster displays, and a review of test utilization and patient cost throughout all facilities.

Outcome
Despite a downward trend in FOBT orders for hospitalized patients over 3 years, the inappropriate use of FOBT remains a cause of unnecessary delays of diagnostic workups and patient care and excess costs ranging from US $22 000 to $41 000 annually for each hospital.

Conclusion
Clinical nurse specialists can question the empirical origin and patient outcomes associated with clinical practice and are positioned to assess and champion deimplementation processes.
Mycoplasma genitalium Coinfection in Women With Chlamydia trachomatis Infection
Authors: Harrison Sally A. , Olson Kristin M. , Ratliff Amy E. , Xiao Li , Van Der Pol Barbara , Waites Ken B. , Geisler William M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We evaluated the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium coinfection in 302 chlamydia-infected women seen at a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Birmingham, AL. M genitalium coinfection was detected in 22 (7.3%). No participant characteristics predicted coinfection. Among coinfected women, M genitalium was detected again in 6 (28.6%) of 21 women returning for a 3-month follow-up visit after azithromycin treatment.