bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of basal cell carcinoma by machine learning‐assisted ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Avci Pinar , Düsedau Marie C. , Padrón‐Laso Víctor , Jonke Zan , Fenderle Ramona , Neumeier Florian , Ikeliani Ikenna U. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundEx vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (EVCM) is an emerging imaging modality that enables near real‐time histology of whole tissue samples. However, the adoption of EVCM into clinical routine is partly limited because the recognition of modality‐specific diagnostic features requires specialized training. Therefore, we aimed to build a machine learning algorithm for the detection of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in images acquired using EVCM and, in turn, facilitate the examiner's decision‐making process.MethodsIn this proof‐of‐concept study, histologically confirmed BCC fresh tissue samples were used to generate 50 EVCM images to train and assess a convolutional neural network architecture (MobileNet‐V1) via tenfold cross‐validation.ResultsOverall sensitivity and specificity of the model for detecting BCC and tumor‐free regions on EVCM images compared to expert evaluation were 0.88 and 0.85, respectively. We constructed receiver operator characteristic and precision‐recall curves from the aggregated tenfold cross‐validation to assess the model's performance; the area under the curve was 0.94 and 0.87, respectively. Subsequently, the performance of one of the selected machine learning models was assessed with 19 new EVCM images of tumor‐containing (n = 10) and 9 tumor‐free (n = 9) skin tissue. A sensitivity of 0.83 and a specificity of 0.92 were achieved for the BCC group. The specificity for the tumor‐free control group was 0.98.ConclusionThe deep learning model developed in our study holds the potential to assist the diagnostic decision‐making process and diminish the training time of novices by depicting tumor‐positive regions in EVCM images.
Comparing Autistic and Neurotypical Responses to Conventional and Modified Questions in Algorithmically Scored Asynchronous Video Interviews: A Textual Analysis
Authors: Benson Annika L. , Colley Kelsie L. , Prasad Joshua J. , Willis Colin M. G. , Powell‐Rudy Tracy E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTraditional interviews often rely on social cues and abstract reasoning, posing challenges for some autistic individuals. Asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) and modifications to interview questions were evaluated as two ways to promote inclusion and equity. Autistic candidates answered conventional or modified questions (per expert feedback), which were compared to a random sample of the general population who answered conventional questions. After question modifications, group differences in algorithmically assigned scores remained, highlighting the need for accommodations. The number of words spoken was a differentiator between autistic and neurotypical job seekers. Text analysis revealed systematic differences in response content. Our study emphasizes the complexity of hiring autistic individuals, with the need for tailored accommodations and continued research.
Integrated computational strategies for Polypharmacological profiling and identification of anti‐inflammatory targets in Rungia pectinata L.
Authors: Zaheen Alaiha , Rajkhowa Sanchaita , Al‐Hussain Sami A. , Zaki Magdi E. A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRungia pectinata L. is an ethnomedicinal herb belonging to the Acanthaceae family and it presents a promising avenue for medicinal exploration, deeply rooted in traditional practices. Earlier research has demonstrated that the herb can effectively relieve the classic symptoms of inflammation. Nevertheless, comprehensive studies into the mechanisms underlying R. pectinata's beneficial impact on inflammation pathways, remain scarce. Hence, we employed an integrated approach combining network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to explore the mechanisms underlying R. pectinata's anti‐inflammatory activity. For this study, seven inflammation‐related active ingredients were identified among 38 candidates, revealing 22 intersecting genes associated with inflammation. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks revealed three therapeutic targets: IL1B, PTGS2 and SRC. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the effects of R. pectinata are mediated by genes related to inflammation and cancer. Molecular docking studies identified trans‐nerolidyl formate and widdrol as lead compounds while molecular dynamics simulations indicated stable compound‐target complexes, with MM‐PBSA calculations showing superior free energy values for SRC, suggesting implications in cancer pathways. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the anti‐inflammatory effects of R. pectinata, which may be mediated through key pathways involved in inflammation and cancer. This highlights the potential of R. pectinata in both anti‐inflammatory and anticancer therapies. However, further experimental validation is necessary to confirm these findings.
Morphological, Histological, and Phylogenetic Characterization of Myxobolus branchioepidermis n. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) Infecting the Gills and Skin of the Oranda Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Rahmati‐Holasoo Hooman , Marandi Amin , Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi Hosseinali , Shokrpoor Sara , Arabkhazaeli Fatemeh , Ziafati Kafi Zahra 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMyxobolus Bütschli, 1882 is a highly important genus of fish myxozoans, consisting of many species that cause serious diseases in ornamental cyprinid fish species in different geographic areas by infecting a wide range of organs. This study describes a new Myxobolus species infecting the gill lamellae, gill rakers and skin epidermis of goldfish (Carassius auratus) from Mohammadshahr, Iran, based on detailed morphological, histological and molecular analysis. Mature spores were small and spherical in shape, consisting of two symmetrical shell valves in frontal view, measuring 10.3 (9.8–10.9) μm in length and 10.5 (10.3–11.2) μm in width. Two equal‐sized relatively pyriform polar capsules were 5.4 (3.9–6.0) μm long and 4.5 (3.7–5.2) μm wide. The polar tubules were coiled with 4–6 turns. A comparative analysis of the morphological and molecular data confirmed that this species is distinct from other identified myxosporeans. Plasmodia in the cutaneous tissue were found in the epidermis, causing extensive hyperplasia of Malpighian cells and mild inflammatory infiltration. In the gill tissue, plasmodia affected only one side of the lamellae, leading to hyperplasia of the lamellar epithelium, edema, and lymphoplasmacytic branchitis. A novel myxozoan species, Myxobolus branchioepidermis n. sp., has been proposed. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the morphological, histological, and molecular characteristics of this parasite, which infects the gill lamellae and epidermal layer of the skin in oranda goldfish (C. auratus). The identification of this new species adds to the growing body of research on myxozoan parasites and highlights its potential impact on ornamental fish aquaculture.
Simulation of Bruising in Persimmon Under the Dynamic Impact by the Finite Element Method
Authors: Soheilsarv Elahe , Ahmadi Ebrahim , Sarikhani Hasan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPersimmon is a soft fruit, which is why it is one of the horticultural products most prone to mechanical damage throughout the cold chain. Understanding the impact of this damage on the post‐harvest quality of these fruits is extremely important to reduce losses that occur throughout the supply chain. This study used the finite element method (FEM) to predict the damage to persimmon during impact loading. The tensile and puncture tests were used to find mechanical properties, and the pendulum tests for three levels of impact. During simulation, persimmon was modeled as an elastic–plastic, and the problem was considered a non‐linear explicit procedure. Two different force‐time and initial velocity methods were used for simulation in Abaqus software. Results of the maximum von Mises stress, maximum contact force, deformation, bruise volume, and internal energy indicated that increasing the impact level in both methods resulted in a rise of stress, deformation, bruise volume, and absorbed energy. The average error in contact force in the force‐time and initial velocity methods was 12% and 21%, respectively. Also, the average deformation error in the force‐time and initial velocity methods was 10% and 52%, respectively. According to these results, the force‐time method is more accurate, and the elastic–plastic model can properly represent the behavior of persimmon.
Konjac Glucomannan‐Based Edible Films: Method, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Chandarana Chandani , Bonde Smita , Vashi Vidhi , Akhter Mohammad Suhail , Prajapati Bhupendra 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTKonjac glucomannan (KGm) has emerged as a promising candidate in the realm of sustainable packaging materials due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and unique chemical properties. Derived from the konjac plant tuber, KGm is primarily composed of glucose and mannose units linked by β‐1,4 glycosidic bonds, which impart high molecular weight, acetylation levels, and functional characteristics such as viscosity, gel‐forming ability, and water absorption capacity. In the food industry, KGm films serve as edible coatings on fruits and vegetables, extending shelf life by creating a protective barrier against moisture and oxygen. KGm‐based films are used in controlled release formulations, wound healing dressings, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Various manufacturing techniques such as solvent casting, microfluidic spinning, and electrospinning are used to customize the mechanical properties and structure of KGm films for specific applications. Ongoing research aims to enhance water resistance and barrier properties through innovations such as composite formulations and cross‐linking methods. Looking ahead, further developments in KGm‐based edible films hold promise for addressing environmental concerns linked to traditional plastic packaging materials.
Identification of Genetic Factors Related With Nonhereditary Colorectal Polyposis and Its Recurrence Through Genome‐Wide Association Study
Authors: Ji Jung Hyun , Lee Su Hyun , Jeon Chan Il , Jang Jihun , Park Jihye , Park Soo Jung , Park Jae Jun , Cheon Jae Hee , Jee Sun Ha , Kim Tae Il 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany patients with colorectal polyposis demonstrate negative results in germline mutation test. This study aimed to uncover genetic variants associated with nonhereditary colorectal polyposis using a genome‐wide association study (GWAS).MethodsAt a single referral university hospital, between January 2012 and September 2021, 638 patients with ≥ 10 biopsy‐proven cumulative polyps on colonoscopy without germline mutations related to hereditary colorectal cancer or polyposis were included. The control group comprised 1863 individuals from the Korea Medical Institute, each having undergone at least two colonoscopies, all of which were normal. This study utilized GWAS to identify susceptibility loci for nonhereditary colorectal polyposis. Genetic differences between patients with and without ≥ 10 polyp recurrences were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsGWAS revealed 71 novel risk single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) not seen in previous colorectal cancer and polyp GWAS. Five genes (UPF3A, BICRA, CBWD6, PDE4DIP, and ABCC4) overlapping seven SNPs (rs566295755, rs2770288, rs1012003, rs201270202, rs71264659, rs1699813, and rs149368557), previously linked to colorectal cancer, were identified as significant risk factors for nonhereditary colorectal polyposis. Two novel genes (CNTN4 and CNTNAP3B), not previously associated with colorectal diseases, were identified. Three SNPs (rs149368557, rs12438834, and rs9707935) were significantly associated with higher risk of recurrence of polyposis. The gene overlapping with rs149368557 was ABCC4, which was also significantly associated with an increased risk of nonhereditary colorectal polyposis.ConclusionThis study identified 71 novel risk variants for nonhereditary colorectal polyposis, with three SNPs (rs149368557, rs12438834, and rs9707935) indicating significant associations with increased risk of polyposis recurrence.
Correlates and Comparability of Two Devices for Measuring Bite Force in Dentate Health Volunteers
Authors: Srinivasan Murali , Tahoury Bita , Takeshita Lisa , Moreira Yasmin Milhomens , Pavan Júlia Siqueira Rodrigues , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to correlate the bite/occlusal force measurements obtained through two methods: a hydraulic pressure gauge with a biting transducer (GM‐10), and a computer‐assisted device that records occlusal force on a pressure‐sensitive film (Prescale II).MethodsHealthy, dentate volunteers were recruited. Participants' demographic data included age, sex, number of teeth present, presence of oral pain, history of prior orthodontic treatment and presence of parafunction. Bite/occlusal force measurements were recorded for each participant using the GM‐10 and the Prescale II devices. Linear Mixed‐effect model regression was performed with the significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsForty‐six volunteers (women = 25, men = 21; mean‐age = 30.9 ± 9.3 years) participated. 54.3% and 34.8% presented with 28 and 29–32 teeth, respectively. 60.9% and 26.1% of the participants reported previous orthodontic treatment and oral parafunction. The overall mean GM‐10 measurements recorded were 333.0 ± 192, 276 ± 167, 208 ± 134, 142 ± 103 Newtons, for the 2nd and 1st molars, 2nd and 1st premolars, respectively. GM‐10 measurements were associated with the tooth position (p < 0.001) and the number of teeth (p < 0.001). The mean Prescale II measurements obtained with and without filter were 826 ± 594 and 1049 ± 595 Newtons, respectively, which were positively correlated with the occlusal contact area (r = 0.765; p < 0.001) and GM‐10 (r = 0.245; p = 0.019). The regression analysis for dependent repeated data confirmed the significant effect of the GM‐10 measurements (bite force) and the occlusal contact area on the Prescale II measurements.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the correlation between bite force measurements carried out by GM‐10 and Dental Prescale II was low and may not be considered interchangeable methods. The maximum bite force measured in isolated point contacts was a predictive factor of the occlusal force distributed over the entire arch. Further studies are warranted to explore this influence in the clinical implications of these findings.
Are low‐ability students mentally represented as low‐SES, academically incapable, and undeserving of support?
Authors: Browman Alexander S. , Miele David B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn seven studies, this research demonstrates that both the general public and educators may hold culturally‐shared, class stereotype‐laden mental representations that they reflexively use both to subjectively identify particular students as being high or low in academic ability, and determine who should receive educational support. Using procedures designed to capture people's mental images of others, we first observed that both the general public and aspiring educators mentally represent low‐ability students as qualitatively and quantitatively distinct from high‐ability students. Furthermore, the representations of low (vs. high) ability students captured from the public and aspiring educators were more likely to be associated with negative class‐based academic stereotypes by separate samples of the public and educators, such that a student who “looks” low in ability was also more likely to be labeled as being low‐SES, and having poorer academic motivation and work ethic. As a result, the low (vs. high) ability student was more likely to be denied college admissions or scholarship support by members of the American public and to be exposed to unsupportive instructional practices by teachers. Implications for our understanding of teacher biases are discussed.
Joy and humanity in communication: A design‐based research approach to developing and understanding the impact of a novel education programme on hospital staff, co‐designed and facilitated by clown doctors
Authors: Gray Amy , Gard Jye , Hawley Meaghan , Mason Phoebe , Bartholomew Clare , Symons David 
Published: December 2024

AimClown doctors have a unique skill set and role, particularly in paediatric settings. Yet, there is limited research on whether clown doctors themselves could play a role in sharing these skills with health professionals. Acknowledging uncertainty in what our intervention should be, we used a design‐based research (DBR) approach with the aim of (i) shaping the educational design and content of communication skills‐based workshops for clinicians and (ii) understanding the educational impact on participants.MethodsData were collected from initial key stakeholder consultations, then through the delivery of evolving iterations of the workshop in the form of post‐workshop group discussions, follow‐up short participant surveys and observations of the workshops themselves. Reflexive thematic analysis of group discussions and short survey responses was undertaken to understand the impact.ResultsForty participants participated in five workshops, including staff from medical, nursing, allied health and administrative backgrounds. Five educational principles emerged: self‐awareness, curiosity, play, spirit and self‐reflection. Four central themes regarding educational impact were generated: creating joy and breaking barriers; the heart, not the science of communication; workplace tensions challenge change; and communication training but not as we know it.ConclusionsA novel education programme facilitated by clown doctors at a hospital offered unique communication skill learnings, while bringing joy and connection to the workplace through education. The DBR approach enabled this programme to be shaped, implemented, and evaluated, with the results attesting to the value of more novel approaches to communication training. The challenge remains to embed, sustain, and potentially scale the programme to other settings.
Performance of atraumatic restorative treatment in primary care: A study in the elderly with home‐based dental care
Authors: Genaro Luís Eduardo , Saliba Tânia Adas , Júnior Aylton Valsecki , Rosell Fernanda Lopez , Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the performance of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in primary care among an elderly population in need of home‐based dental care.MethodologyIt is an observational clinical study, more specifically a descriptive cohort study. The status of these restorations was evaluated1 year after placement. The analysis of ART's clinical performance was conducted through the direct clinical evaluation method, following criteria previously defined in earlier studies. Data were tabulated into sets of descriptive categories, allowing classification into a frequency distribution according to the evaluation score. Success and failure results underwent statistical evaluation using the chi‐square test, with a significance level set at 5%.ResultsElderly individuals (n = 35) participated in the study, where 103 restorations were performed in the home environment. The majority of participants were women (68.6%) with an average age of 72.3 years, and 54.3% faced difficulties in motor mobility. All received dental care exclusively at home, and 45.7% used dentures. There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0156) between the percentage of failures and successful cases (73.8%) without the need for ART replacement. The majority of ART interventions were on occlusal surfaces (44.9%), showing the highest percentage of restorations in good condition (84.8%), followed by mesio‐occlusal (81.3%), while disto‐occlusal cavities exhibited the highest failure rate (38.4%).ConclusionThe ART demonstrates satisfactory survival rates in elderly patients after 1 year. This restoration can be a viable alternative for the treatment of older adults, especially in situations that require domiciliary dental care.
Target enrichment data reveal rapid divergence with reticulate evolution of Maianthemum (Asparagaceae: Convallarioideae) in the Himalayan‐Hengduan Mountains and eastern Asia
Authors: Xie Yan‐Yang , Nie Ze‐Long , Zhang Meng‐Hua , Song Ming‐Yang , Wen Jun , Meng Ying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding plant diversity and the phylogenetic divergences in the Northern Hemisphere is essential for in‐depth evolutionary studies and conservation efforts. Maianthemum is an ideal example to explore plant diversification processes in the Northern Hemisphere, with more than 35 species widely distributed in forests in North to Central America, Europe and eastern Asia. Yet the phylogenetic relationships within Maianthemum remain elusive. In this study, we reconstructed a well‐supported phylogenetic framework of Maianthemum and explored possible gene introgressions and reticulate evolution using nuclear and chloroplast genomes based on the target enrichment Hyb‐Seq approach. Both nuclear and chloroplast phylogenetic results supported three clusters corresponding to their biogeographic distribution of the New World, the Himalayan‐Hengduan Mountains, and the north temperate zone, respectively. The genus was inferred to be most likely originated in North America with migrations into Central America and eastern Asia in the late Miocene. Our results suggested that both incomplete lineage sorting and hybridizations/introgressions along with geographic isolation have contributed to the rapid divergence of Maianthemum in eastern Asia, which may represent a complex model for the evolutionary radiation of plants in eastern Asia and even the Northern Hemisphere.