bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Preclinical and Human Studies of Huntington’s Disease: What Have we Learned so Far?
Authors: Gatto Rodolfo Gabriel , Weissmann Carina 
Published: November 2018

Background:Huntington’s Disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of specific brain nerve cells. The current evaluation of cellular and physiological events in patients with HD relies on the development of transgenic animal models. To explore such events in vivo, diffusion tensor imaging has been developed to examine the early macro and microstructural changes in brain tissue. However, the gap in diffusion tensor imaging findings between animal models and clinical studies and the lack of microstructural confirmation by histological methods has questioned the validity of this method.Objective:This review explores white and grey matter ultrastructural changes associated to diffusion tensor imaging, as well as similarities and differences between preclinical and clinical Huntington’s Disease studies.Methods:A comprehensive review of the literature using online-resources was performed (Pub- Med search).Results:Similar changes in fractional anisotropy as well as axial, radial and mean diffusivities were observed in white matter tracts across clinical and animal studies. However, comparative diffusion alterations in different grey matter structures were inconsistent between clinical and animal studies.Conclusion:Diffusion tensor imaging can be related to specific structural anomalies in specific cellular populations. However, some differences between animal and clinical studies could derive from the contrasting neuroanatomy or connectivity across species. Such differences should be considered before generalizing preclinical results into the clinical practice. Moreover, current limitations of this technique to accurately represent complex multicellular events at the single micro scale are real. Future work applying complex diffusion models should be considered.
Extraction Methods for Obtaining Natural Blue Colorants
Authors: Prado Juliana M. , Veggi Priscilla C. , Náthia-Neves Grazielle , Meireles M. Angela A. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Blue is a color not often present in food. Even so, it is especially attractive
to children. Today, most blue coloring agents used by the food industry are synthetic. With increasing
health issues concern by the scientific community and the general population, there is a trend to look
for natural alternatives to most synthetic products. There only exist few natural blue colorants, which
are presented in a literature survey, along with the methods currently used for their recovery from
natural sources. The best extraction methods and process parameters for the extraction of blue anthocyanins,
iridoids and phycocyanin are discussed.

Methods:
A literature survey was conducted to detect the main sources of blue colorants found in nature.
The focus was on the extraction methods used to recover such molecules, with the objective of
finding efficient and environmentally safe techniques for application at industrial level, and, thus, allowing
the production of natural blue colorants at scale high enough for food industry consumption.

Results:
The main natural blue colorants found in literature are anthocyanins, phycocyanin, and genipin.
While anthocyanins can be recovered from a variety of plants, the source of phycocyanin are
algae, and genipin can be obtained specifically from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Genipa americana
L. Several extraction techniques have been applied to recover blue colorants from such sources,
from classical methods using organic solvents, to more sophisticated technologies as ultrasoundassisted
extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, high-pressure extraction,
and enzyme-assisted extraction.

Conclusion:
There is great potential for anthocyanins, phycocyanin and genipin use as natural food
additives with health benefits, besides imparting color. However, the technologies for the colorants
recovery and application are not mature enough. Therefore, this area is still developing, and it is necessary
to evaluate the economic feasibility of the proposed extraction processes, along with the safety
and acceptance of colored food using these additives.
The Unprecedented Role of Gold Nanomaterial in Diabetes Management
Authors: Kumari Simpal , Kamboj Vipan Kumar , Rajpoot Diksha , Teotia Anil Kumar , Verma Prabhakar Kumar , Singh Gyanendra Nath 
Published: November 2018

:Gold nanoparticles possess unique mechanical, chemical, photo-optical and biological properties and have been an interesting field of research on life sciences. The research studies produced new nanodevices and nanotechnology-based biosensing, diagnostics therapeutics, and targeted drug delivery systems. In this review, the unique potential aspects of gold nanoparticles/ nanoformulations/ or devices related to diabetes management have been discussed together with the recent patent on the gold nanoparticles developed for diabetes management. The first part of this review will focus on recent strategies for the treatment of hyperglycemia and its management with the help of gold nanoparticles and the second part of the review focused on recent patents on gold nanoparticles useful in the diabetes management. Gold nanoparticles have proved themselves useful in diabetes therapeutics and diagnostics. Due to the high surface area, and low toxicity, gold nanoparticles have become a unique aspect of the delivery approach. The main issues that need to be covered are the biopharmaceutics, biocompatibility, and potential clinical applications.
Effect of Montelukast 10 mg in Elderly Patients with Mild and Moderate Asthma Compared with Young Adults. Results of a Cohort Study
Authors: Sánchez Guillermo , Buitrago Diana 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The clinical characteristics and physio-pathogenic mechanisms of asthma in patients older than 60 years appear to differ from the behavior described for other age groups. Therefore, the effectiveness of medications for elderly patients with asthma should not be extrapolated from studies conducted on teenagers or young adults.

Objective:

The study aimed

to establish the clinical effect of montelukast 10 mg in elderly patients with mild and moderate asthma compared to its effect on young adults.

Method:
A prospective cohort study was conducted during 12 weeks of follow-up, which consecutively included the total population of adult patients attended by a group of 21 general practitioners, between July and December 2016. Young adults (18-59 years) and older adults were included (60 years or older) with mild or moderate asthma, which, according to the criteria of his treating physician, had been prescribed montelukast 10 mg/day. The variables of interest were: use of inhaled corticosteroids during the last month, use of inhaled beta-2 adrenergic agonists as a rescue in the last month, having attended the emergency service during the last month due to an asthma attack, presence of wheezing in the physical examination, the number of attacks in the last month and the number of days without symptoms in the last month.

Results:
A total of 126 patients entered the cohort and 104 completed the follow-up, of which 29% were older adults. On admission, 65.4% of patients (68/104) had used rescue inhaled beta2 in the last month and had been using schemes with corticosteroids. After 12 weeks of follow-up, 58.1% (43/74) of the young adults required treatment schedules with corticosteroids, while in the elderly, only 36.7% of the patients (11/30) required this treatment scheme (p-value: 0.047). Regarding the use of rescue inhaled beta-2 at 12 weeks, 55% of young adults reported using them, compared to 33.3% of older adults (p-value: 0.041).

Conclusion:
In this cohort of patients, treated with montelukast 10 mg/day for 12 weeks, there was a reduction of broncho-obstructive symptoms and exacerbations of the disease. In older adults compared to young adults, a greater reduction in the use of beta2 agonists rescue medications and in the concomitant use of inhaled corticosteroid schemes was documented.
Sleep Quality and Sleep Duration with CKD are Associated with Progression to ESKD
Authors: Yamamoto Ryohei , Shinzawa Maki , Isaka Yoshitaka , Yamakoshi Etsuko , Imai Enyu , Ohashi Yasuo , Hishida Akira ,   for the CKD-JAC Investigators
Published: November 2018

Background and objectives
Shorter or longer sleep duration and poor sleep quality are risk factors for numerous cardio-metabolic diseases, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in subjects with normal kidney function. The association of sleep duration and sleep quality with health outcomes in patients with CKD remains uncertain.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A 4-year prospective cohort study in 17 nephrology centers in Japan, the CKD Japan Cohort (CKD-JAC) Study, assessed an association of self-reported sleep duration and sleep quality, on the basis of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, with incidence of ESKD in 1601 patients with eGFR 10–59 ml/min per 1.73 m2 using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
Baseline sleep duration and PSQI global score for the 1601 patients were mean±SD 7.0±1.3 hours and median 4 (interquartile range, 3–7), respectively. Poor sleep quality (PSQI global score ≥6) was common (n=588 [37%]). During a median of 4.0 (2.6–4.3) years of the follow-up period, 282 (18%) patients progressed to ESKD. After adjusting for age, sex, eGFR, urinary albumin excretion, smoking status, body mass index, history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, systolic BP, blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, use of hypnotics, and Beck depression inventory score, both shorter (≤5 hour) and longer (>8 hour) sleep duration were associated with ESKD (adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] for ≤5.0, 5.1–6.0, 6.1–7.0, 7.1–8.0, and ≥8.0 hours were 2.05 [1.31 to3.21], 0.98 [0.67 to 1.44], 1.00 [reference], 1.22 [0.89 to 1.66], and 1.48 [1.01 to 2.16]), suggesting a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and ESKD. PSQI global score ≥6 was also associated with incidence of ESKD (adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] for PSQI global score ≤5 and ≥6 were 1.00 [reference] and 1.33 [1.03 to 1.71]).

Conclusions
Shorter (≤5 hour) and longer (>8 hour) sleep duration and poor sleep quality (PSQI global score ≥6) were associated with ESKD in patients with CKD.
STUDY OF MAO-B INHIBITOR ANALOUGES FOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE THROUGH CADD APPROACHES
Authors: Bachhar Manish , Singh BK 
Published: November 2018

New derivatives are designed as target directed MAO-B Inhibitors for medical care of the patients for neurodegenerative disorder. Molecular design and estimated pharmacokinetic properties have been evaluated by using Inventus v 1.1 software. The binding mode of the proposed compounds with target protein i.e. 1S2Q was evaluated and the resulting data from docking studies explained that newly designed derivatives have high and better affinity towards target protein. Based on these properties, the binding affinities are used for speeding up drug discovery process by eliminating less potent compounds from synthesis.
Keywords: MAO-B, Inventus, Target protein, Neurodegenerative, Docking.
Epidemiology of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Patients Attending at Hiwa Hospital in Sulaimani City, Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Ali Bushra , Abas Ahmed Hiwa 
Published: November 2018

Objectives are to identify the frequency of non-melanoma skin cancer cases were registered at Hiwa hospital and to find out the association between cases and controls with their sociodemographic status and risk factors. A case control approach was used, by retrospective chart review of all non-melanoma skin cancer cases presented between 1st of January 2015 till 31st of December 2016 at Sulaimani Hiwa hospital from which 70 cases conducted and 70 controls from Baxshen hospital. Data entered to Microsoft excel, analysed by SPSS V 21. Chi-square test was employed to assess the association between different variables, P value of 0.05 or less considered as statistical significant This study included 70 cases and 70 controls were age and gender matched, most of the cases were in between age 56-70 years old, illiterate 39(55.7%), jobless 26(37.1%), from urban area 45 (64.3%) , married 65 (92.9%). had sufficient income and barely sufficient. About (64%) of cases had squamous cell carcinoma and (36%) had basal cell carcinoma. Most of the cases had family history of skin cancer (11.4%), and 44 (62.9%) of cases had a history of more than 4 hours exposure to sun in a day and 36 (51.4%) of cases were with normal BMI. Most of the cases 32 (45.7%) with type (O) blood group, not smoking cigarette 51 (72.9%) and not drinking alcohol 69 (98.6%). This study showed a statistical significant association between non-melanoma skin cancer with level of education (P value =0.002), family history (P value = 0.02), time of exposure to sun light (P value of < 0.001) and BMI (p value = 0.001). Skin cancer and cancer percentage were in increase pattern especially non-melanoma skin cancer, most of non-melanoma skin cancer cases were squamous cell carcinoma, with a significant association with level of education, income status, time of exposure to sun light, family history and BMI
Hydroflux Synthesis, Chemical and Thermal Instability, Crystal and Magnetic Structures of the Oxoferrate(III, IV) K2−xFe4O7
Authors: Albrecht Ralf , Hunger Jens , Block Theresa , Pöttgen Rainer , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Doert Thomas , Ruck Michael 
Published: November 2018

The reaction of Fe(NO3)3∙9 H2O with KOH under hydrofluxconditions at about 200 °C produces red crystals of K2−xFe4O7 in a quantitative yield. In the crystal structure, edge-sharing [FeO6]octahedra form [ ∞Fe2O6] honeycomb nets. Pillars consisting of pairs of vertex-sharing [FeO4] tetrahedra link the honeycomb layers and form columnar halls in which the potassium ions are located. The trigonal (P3 1m) and the hexagonal (P63/mcm) polytypes of K2−xFe4O7 show oriented intergrowth. The sub-stoichiometric potassium content (x ≈ 0.3) is compensated by iron(IV), as supported by 57Fe Mößbauer spectroscopy, besides the dominating iron(III). K2−xFe4O7 is an antiferromagnet above 2 K and its magnetic structure was determined by neutron powder diffraction. Under ambient conditions, K2CO3·H2O forms gradually on the surface of K2−xFe4O7 crystals. Upon annealing at air at about 500 °C, the potassium atoms in the columnar halls start to order into a superstructure. The thermal decomposition of K2−xFe4O7 proceeds via a topotactic transformation into K1+x’Fe11O17, adopting the rhombohedral β’’ or the hexagonal β-aluminate-type structure, before γ-Fe2O3 is formed above 950 °C, which then converts into thermodynamically stable α-Fe2O3.
Antimicrobial prescribing and infections in long-term care facilities (LTCF): a multilevel analysis of the HALT 2016 study, Ireland, 2017
Authors: Tandan M , Burns K , Murphy H , Hennessy S , Cormican M , Vellinga A 
Published: November 2018

Background
The 2016 point prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial use (AMU) in Irish long-term care facilities (LTCF) (HALT) showed a 9.8% AMU and 4.4% HAI prevalence, based on aggregated data analysis.

Aim
Our aim was to identify institutional and resident risk factors of AMU and HAI.

Methods
HALT 2016 gathered information using institutional and resident questionnaires, for residents who met the surveillance definition of active HAI and/or AMU, limiting analysis to the aggregated institutional level. In January 2017, we requested additional data on age, sex, urinary catheter use and disorientation of current residents from HALT 2016 LTCF and matched to 2016 HALT data.

Results
Of 224 HALT 2016 LTCF, 80 provided additional information on 3,816 residents; prevalence of AMU was 10.6% and HAI was 4.7%. Presence of a coordinating physician (Odds ratio (OR): 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2–0.6), antimicrobial stewardship committee (OR: 0.2; 95%; CI: 0.1–0.6), healthcare assistants (OR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.9–1.0), antimicrobial consumption feedback (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.6) and medical care by personal general practitioner (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.7–1.0) were associated with less AMU and feedback on surveillance of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.3–1.0) with less HAI. AMU and HAI varied significantly between LTCF.

Conclusions
Multilevel modelling identified significant inter-facility variation, as well as institutional factors associated with AMU and HAI. An antimicrobial stewardship committee linked with feedback on IPC and prescribing was associated with reduced AMU and HAI.
Prospective enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) surveillance from September 2015 to November 2018 indicates a current wave of activity in Wales
Authors: Cottrell Simon , Moore Catherine , Perry Malorie , Hilvers Ember , Williams Chris , Shankar Ananda Giri 
Published: November 2018

Since 7 June 2018, an enterovirus D-68 (EV-D68) season (the third since 2015) is ongoing in Wales, with 114 confirmed cases thus far. Median age of the 220 cases since 2015 is 2.5 years (2.5 years in intensive care cases), 94% were hospitalised, 17% (n = 38) in intensive care. All had respiratory symptoms; bronchiolitis symptoms were reported in 60 cases, severe respiratory symptoms in 23 and acute flaccid myelitis in two cases.
KAPASITAS ADAPTIF MANGROVE PADA PULAU KECIL MIKRO STUDI DI PULAU MAITARA KOTA TIDORE KEPULAUAN PROPINSI MALUKU UTARA
Authors: Subur Riyadi , Sarni Sarni 
Published: November 2018

AbstrakÃÂ Mangrove adalah ekosistem pesisir transisi yang unik, tumbuh diantara lingkungan laut dan terestrial, penyebaran umumnya terbatas pada daerah tropis dan subtropis di seluruh dunia.Menyediakan berbagai layanan ekologi, ekonomi serta sosial.Efektif berfungsi sebagai pelindung lahan daratan pesisir pulau kecil.The purpose of this study is to determine the adaptive capacity of mangrove ecosystems on Maitara Island.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metodePengukuran Kapasitas Adaptif Ekosistem Mangrove.Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 4 spesies mangrove yaitu, Rhizophora apiculata,R. mucronata, R. stylosa danSoneratia alba, ÃÂ terdiri dari 2 genera,Rhizophora, dan Sonneratia.Nilai indeks dominasi sebesar 0,57, dominasi sedang oleh R. apiculata.Kerapatan pohon per hektar sebanyak 789 tegakan.Nilai kapasitas adaptif ekosistem mangrove di pulau Maitara sebesar 0,44, yang berarti bahwa kapastias adaptif mangrove pulau tersebutÃ¢â¬ÅsedangÃ¢â¬Â.ÃÂ Kata kunci: Kapasitas Adaptif, Mangrove, Pulau Kecil-Mikro.ÃÂ AbstractMangroves are unique transitional coastal ecosystems, growing between marine and terrestrial environments, the spread is generally limited to tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Providing a variety of ecological, economic and social services. Effectively serves as a protector coastal landof small island. The purpose of this study is to determine the adaptive capacity of mangrove ecosystems on Maitara Island. This research was conducted using the Mangrove Ecosystem Adaptive Capacity Measurement method. The results of this study found as many as 4 mangrove species, that isRhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa and Soneratia alba, consisting of 2 genera,Rhizophora, and Sonneratia. Dominance index value is 0.57, moderate dominance by R. apiculata. Tree density per hectare is 789 stands. The value of the adaptive capacity of the mangrove ecosystem on the island of Maitara is 0.44, which means that the island's mangrove adaptive capacity is "medium".ÃÂ Keywords: Adaptive Capacity, Mangrove, Micr-Small Island.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR KIMIA BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN METAKOGNISI
Authors: Ramdoniati Nishfiya , Muntari Muntari , Hadisaputra Saprizal 
Published: November 2018

This study aims to development of chemical learning material based PBL to improve metacognition skills of students on the material of electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions. The type of research used is Research and Development (R & D) with the modification of 4D model into 3D which consists of define, design and develop. The results showed that the average score of the feasibility of learning materials of 3.18 with medium category, The average score of teacher response and the response of learners is 3.58 with the practical category. The effectiveness data of learning materilas based PBL was obtained from N-Gain metacognition skill score of 0.51 in the medium category, meaning that chemical learning materials based PBL is effective to improve metacognition skills on the topic of electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions. Keyword: Chemical learning material, problem based learning, metacognitive skills.
Рівень пролактину у пацієнтів з ХХН V стадії, які лікуються гемодіалізом
Authors: Dudar I. , Savchuk V. , Loboda O. , Gonchar Y. , Shifris I. , Krot V. 
Published: November 2018

Розповсюдженість гіперпролатинемії у пацієнтів, які лікуються гемодіалізом (ГД), становить 30-65%.
Метою нашої роботи було дослідити рівень пролактину (ПЛ) у пацієнтів з хронічною хворобою нирок (ХХН) V стадії, які лікуються ГД.
Матеріали та методи. Відкрите проспективне нерандомізоване дослідження за участю 43 пацієнтів з ХХН VД стадії, які лікуються гемодіалізом. Критеріями включення пацієнтів до дослідження були: інформована згода хворого прийняти участь у дослідженні, лікування ГД понад трьох місяців, Кt/V>1,2; судинний доступ АВ-фістула. Критеріями виключення були: відмова хворого від участі у дослідженні, цироз печінки, гострі гепатити В, С, гіпотиреоз, гострий коронарний синдром, гостре порушення мозкового кровообігу, вагітність, пацієнти з злоякісними новоутвореннями; ті хто, системно отримує такі медикаменти, як трициклічні антидепресанти, інгібітори моноамінооксидази, резерпін, метилдопу, похідні фенотіазину, протиблювотні препарати (зокреама метоклопрамід), інгібітори синтезу дофаміну, нейролептики. Всім хворим проводили визначення ПЛ в сироватці крові.
Результати. У хворих, які лікуються ГД констатовано підвищений рівень ПЛ у 32 (74%) пацієнтів. Рівень ПЛ сироватки крові у хворих, які лікуються ГД, був вищим порівняно з групою контролю: 47,17 ± 32,4 проти 11,76 ± 4,33нг/мл (р<0,001). Порушення місячного циклу склало 85% у групі жінок з підвищеним рівнем ПЛ проти 20% у жінок з нормальним рівнем ПЛ (р<0,05). У групах жінок та чоловіків з підвищеним рівнем ПЛ достовірно нижчий рівень Нb (р<0,05). Встановлено, що рівень ПЛ мав негативний кореляційний зв'язок з рівнем Нb(r=-0,36; p=0,02) та позитивний кореляційний звʼязок між рівнем ПЛ та СРБ (r=0,32; p=0,03).
Висновки. Розповсюдженість гіперпролактинемії в нашому дослідженні склала 74%. Порушення менструального циклу зустрічалося достовірно частіше у жінок з гіперпролактинемією (85% проти 20%). Підвищення концентрації ПЛ має негативний зв'язок з рівнем Нb та позитивний зв'язок з рівнем СРП, що дозволяє припускати причетність ПЛ до процесів хронічного запалення.