bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Berat Badan, Panjang Badan dan Faktor Genetik sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Stunted pada Anak Sekolah
Authors: Leksananingsih Hetriana , Iskandar Slamet , Siswati Tri 
Published: March 2018

Background: Riskesdas in 2013 showed that Yogyakarta (DIY) had a prevalence of stunted new kid in school is less than the national average, which is 14.9% (MOH, 2013). Stunted or short, is a linear growth retardation has been widely used as an indicator to measure the nutritional status of individuals and community groups. Stunted can be influenced by several factors: birth weight, birth length match and genetic factors.
Objective: To determine the weight, length of low birth weight and genetic factors as predictors of the occurrence of stunted on elementary school children.
Methods: The study was a case control analytic. Research sites in SD Muhammadiyah Ngijon 1 Subdistrict Moyudan. The study was conducted in May and June 2015. The subjects were school children grade 1 to grade 5 the number of cases as many as 47 children and 94 control children. With the inclusion criteria of research subjects willing to become respondents, was present at the time of the study, they have a father and mother, and exclusion criteria have no data BB and PB birth, can not stand upright. The research variables are BBL, PBL, genetic factors and TB / U at this time. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and Odd Ratio (OR) calculation. Results: In case group as much as 91.5% of normal birth weight and length of 80.9% of normal birth weight, most of the height of a normal mother and father as many as 85.1%. In the control group as much as 78.7% of normal birth weight and 61.7% were born normal body length, height mostly normal mom and dad that 96.7% of women and 90.4% normal normal father. Statistical test result is no significant correlation between height mothers with stunted incidence in school children, and the results of chi-square test P =
0.026 with value Odd Ratio (OR) of 3.9 and a range of values from 1.091 to 14.214 Cl95%.
Conclusion: High maternal body of mothers can be used as predictors of the occurrence of stunted school children and mothers with stunted nutritional status have 3.9 times the risk of having children with stunted nutritional status.
Modifikasi Resep Brownis Untuk Makanan Selingan Penderita Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Setyowati Setyowati 
Published: March 2018

Background: The nutritional therapy management of diabetes mellitus patient lies in the proper diet and food selection arrangement. There is an eating recomendation (3 times for main food and 3 times of snackfood) that needed to be noted. One of the snack food that been allowed is brownie, as baked product and cake category. Modification on brownie recipe are needed to improve quality of the food.
Objective: To understand a brownie recipe as snack food for diabetes mellitus patient based on physical quality, organoleptic quality,
nutritional value and fiber content.
Methods: The type of this research is an artificial experiment. The variables were modified brownie recipes; physical quality; organoleptic quality to colour, flavor, aroma, and texture; nutritional value, and fiber content. The subject of the study are 36 people with diabetes and 17 expert panelists. The object of this research is 3 kinds of brownie (red bean brownie, green bean brownie and peanut brownie). This research is conducted at Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta and Prolanis Organization in Puskemas Gamping 1 area, Sleman, Yogyakarta on February-September 2016. The data analysis of this research is done descriptively and analytically. Results: There is 3 brownie as modification results (green bean brownie, red bean brownie and peanut brownie). Those brownie have physical traits such as darker brown in colour, little bit sweet, have nutty flour aroma and little bit soft as a texture. Based on organoleptic quality, peanut brownie is the most preferred brownie. Based on analysis of chemical nutrition and fiber. Brownies tahat qualify the diet of people with diabetes mellitus is peanut brownie. Peanut brownie also been accepted by diabetes mellitus patient. Conclusion: Peanut brownie as modification results choosen as snack food alternatives for diabetes mellitus patient.
Vergi Cennetleri İle Mücadele Aracı Olarak : Şeffaflık “Oecd- Beps 5 Numaralı Eylem Planı (2015 Nihai Raporu) Temelinde Bir Çalışma”
Authors: ÇAMURCU Zeynep Nihan 
Published: March 2018

Vergi cennetlerinin uluslararası suçların finansmanında kullanılması sorunu bir yana, bu ülkelerin vergiden kaçınma ve vergi kaçırma amaçlarıyla kullanılarak yüksek miktarlardaki fonların vergilendirme dışında bırakılması, devletlerin bütçe gelirlerinin azalması ve kamu harcamalarının kısıtlanması gibi birtakım olumsuz sonuçları beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu nedenle, "vergi cennetleri", dünya ekonomisi için çözülmesi gereken ciddî ve güncel bir sorun olmak giderek artan bir öneme sahiptir. Vergi cennetlerinin gelişimi; 1998’de Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü tarafından başlatılan “vergiden kaçınma/haksız vergi rekabeti” ile savaşta yeni bir dalganın gelişine -özellikle küresel finansal krizin ardından- neden olmuştur. Bu ikinci dalga Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü tarafından “şeffaflık” olarak adlandırılmıştır. Çalışmada “şeffaflık” BEPS (Base Erosion Profit Shifting: Matrah Aşındırma ve Kâr Aktarımı)- 5 nolu eylem planı (2015 nihai raporu) temelinde incelenmiştir.
Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection: Clinico-Demographic Determinants at an Anti-Retroviral Therapy Center in Northern India
Authors: Giri Om Prakash , Giri Vishal Prakash , Vishwakarma Kirti , Datta Debranjan 
Published: March 2018

Background: In India, Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic and Human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection is epidemic in few states. The risk of developing TB in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is about 19 (27-22) times greater than those without it. TB is major cause of death in HIV-TB co-infected patients. Globally 0.4 million deaths occur annually due to HIV-TB disease.Material & Methods:The present observational study was conducted at Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital ART (Antiretroviral therapy) center during period from January to June 2017. Data of HIV-TB co-infected patients was collected from HIV-TB register and entered into Microsoft Excel sheet for analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.Results:Young persons mostly from the labouring class working in other states were most affected. Pulmonary tuberculosis (sputum smear positive) was most common co-infection. Baseline CD4 cell count at the time of presentation was observed to be low (less than 200 cells/μL) in 46.64℅ HIV-TB co-infected patients.Conclusion: Rural young people working as migrant labourer need focus of health interventions. They should be educated and screened for HIV and TB. Baseline CD4 cell count should be done in all PLHIV cases to assess their immune status.SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2017, Page: 12-17
An Epidemiological Study to Find out Risk Factors of Multi Drugs Resistance Tuberculosis in Nepal
Authors: Bichha R. P. , Jha K. K. , Salhotra V. S. , Weerakoon A. P. , Karki K. B. , Bichha Navneet 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Drug resistant tuberculosis is a threat to tuberculosis control worldwide. Previous anti- tuberculosis treatment is a widely reported risk factor for multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), whereas other risk factors are less well described. In Nepal National Tuberculosis Control Programme initiated DOTSPLUS Pilot project from September 2005 using standardized treatment regimen.Objective: To explore the risk factors for MDR-TB in Nepal.Methodology: Institution based matched case control study with a case: control ratio of 1:2 was carried out in three regions of Nepal. Fifty five cases and 110 controls were selected. Current MDR-TB patients on treatment from DOTS–Plus clinic were enrolled as cases. Controls were age, sex matched cured TB patients and who had completed treatment either from the same centre or any DOTS Centre adjacent to that DOTS Plus Centre. Data was collected by a trained research assistant using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Matched analysis was done using SPSS 16 version. Confounding effects were controlled by using matching, matched analysis and regression analysis.Results: In matched analysis following were the significant risk factors for MDR-TB in Nepal.(1) HIV Sero positivity (OR 15.9, CI 1.9- 133.0) (2) Travel cost more than 50 NRs per day (OR 6.5, CI 2.4- 9.8) (3) Contact history of TB (OR 3.8, CI 2.2- 6.6) (4) Living in a nuclear family (OR 6.0, CI 2.6- 13.9)(5) Non adherence to DOTS (OR 18.6, CI 2.27- 151.0) (6) Distance to treatment centre more than 5 Km ( OR 3.9, CI 1.5- 10.) (7) Previous history of TB ( OR 12.0, CI 5.4 -26.5)(8) Living in a rural area (OR 4, CI 2.1- 8.5) (9) Unmarried (Crude OR 3.3,CI 1.6- 6.8) (10) Un-employment (OR 3.4,CI 1.6-7.6)(11) Living in a rented house (OR 3.5, CI 1.77- 3.67) (12) Single bed room (OR 2.8, CI 1.13- 6.9). Using muti-variate analysis except living in a rented house and single bed room other variables were positive significant predictors for MDR –TB in Nepal.Conclusions: Many risk factors were related to the DOTS. Strengthening of DOTS programme to tackle the identified risk factors can reduce the MDR –TB burden in Nepal.SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2017, Page: 31-38
Smartphone-assisted minimally invasive neurosurgery
Authors: Mandel Mauricio , Petito Carlo Emanuel , Tutihashi Rafael , Paiva Wellingson , Abramovicz Mandel Suzana , Gomes Pinto Fernando Campos , Ferreira de Andrade Almir , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEAdvances in video and fiber optics since the 1990s have led to the development of several commercially available high-definition neuroendoscopes. This technological improvement, however, has been surpassed by the smartphone revolution. With the increasing integration of smartphone technology into medical care, the introduction of these high-quality computerized communication devices with built-in digital cameras offers new possibilities in neuroendoscopy. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of smartphone-endoscope integration in performing different types of minimally invasive neurosurgery.METHODSThe authors present a new surgical tool that integrates a smartphone with an endoscope by use of a specially designed adapter, thus eliminating the need for the video system customarily used for endoscopy. The authors used this novel combined system to perform minimally invasive surgery on patients with various neuropathological disorders, including cavernomas, cerebral aneurysms, hydrocephalus, subdural hematomas, contusional hematomas, and spontaneous intracerebral hematomas.RESULTSThe new endoscopic system featuring smartphone-endoscope integration was used by the authors in the minimally invasive surgical treatment of 42 patients. All procedures were successfully performed, and no complications related to the use of the new method were observed. The quality of the images obtained with the smartphone was high enough to provide adequate information to the neurosurgeons, as smartphone cameras can record images in high definition or 4K resolution. Moreover, because the smartphone screen moves along with the endoscope, surgical mobility was enhanced with the use of this method, facilitating more intuitive use. In fact, this increased mobility was identified as the greatest benefit of the use of the smartphone-endoscope system compared with the use of the neuroendoscope with the standard video set.CONCLUSIONSMinimally invasive approaches are the new frontier in neurosurgery, and technological innovation and integration are crucial to ongoing progress in the application of these techniques. The use of smartphones with endoscopes is a safe and efficient new method of performing endoscope-assisted neurosurgery that may increase surgeon mobility and reduce equipment costs.
Comparative effects of robotic-assisted gait training combined with conventional physical therapy on paretic hip joint stiffness and kinematics between subacute and chronic hemiparetic stroke
Authors: Park Ji-Ho , Shin Yong-Il , You Joshua (Sung) H. , Park Min Su 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) has been proposed as a novel, promising intervention paradigm to improve gait function in subacute or chronic stroke neurorehabilitation. However, the benefits of RAGT combined with conventional physical therapy for gait recovery in patients with subacute and chronic hemiparetic stroke remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of RAGT combine with conventional physical therapy on hip joint kinetics, kinematics, and clinical function characteristics between subacute and chronic hemiparetic stroke. METHODS: Seventeen patients with hemiparetic stroke (nine subacute and eight chronic patients) performed progressive RAGT (session 1, 40 min) combined with conventional physical therapy (session 1, 40 min) 5 days per week, for an average of 86 sessions over 8 weeks. The clinical outcomes included the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), modified Rankin scale (mRS), Korean version of the modified Barthel index (K-MBI), and modified Ashworth scale, in addition to hip joint kinetics and kinematics before and after intervention. RESULTS: The mean change in active torque, resistive torque, and stiffness in the paretic hip joint did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, Cohen’s effect size suggested a moderate difference between the groups in the hip flexion phase (d = 0.58, d = 0.70, and d = 0.70). The mean change in maximal hip flexion kinematics in the chronic group was significantly greater than that in the subacute group ( p = 0.04, d = –0.70). The mean change in the clinical function test results between the groups was not statistically significant. However, both groups showed significantly improved FAC, mRS, and K-MBI scores. CONCLUSIONS: RAGT combine with conventional physical therapy may be useful when selecting therapeutic interventions to improve the active torque, resistive torque, and stiffness in the paretic hip flexion phase in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke who reached a plateau in the maximum locomotor recovery after conventional locomotor training.
Evaluation of gait symmetry using a tri-axial accelerometer in stroke patients
Authors: Terui Yoshino , Suto Eriko , Konno Yohei , Kubota Kouun , Iwakura Masahiro , Satou Mizuki , Nitta Shioto , Hasegawa Kouichi , Satake Masahiro , Shioya Takanobu 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to confirm the intra-rater reliability and absolute reliability of Lissajous Index (LI) in evaluating the symmetry of trunk movement during gait in patients with stroke and to examine the relation between LI and body function in patients with stroke. METHODS: Twenty-one healthy subjects (11 males and 10 females, age 63.3±2.0 yrs) and 45 patients with stroke (33 males and 12 females, age 58.7±13.4 yrs) were included in the study. The accelerometer was fixed to a belt at the level of the L3 spinous process. The 10-m walk test was performed twice to record definitive data on trunk acceleration. LI was calculated from trunk accelerations. We confirmed the intra-rater reliability and absolute reliability of LI in patients with stroke and we examined the relation between LI and body function in patients with stroke. RESULTS: There was no fixed bias and proportional bias in the LI of patients with stroke. It was found that BBS significantly correlated with LI in stroke patients ( p < 0.05, r = –0.413). CONCLUSIONS: It was clear that LI during gait was effective at evaluating gait symmetry and balance. LI was indicated to be useful in evaluating gait in patients with stroke.
How does strength training and balance training affect gait and fatigue in patients with Multiple Sclerosis? A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Callesen Jacob , Cattaneo Davide , Brincks John , Dalgas Ulrik 
Published: March 2018

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a demyelination that results in reduced conductivity in the somatosensory nervous system, decreased muscle strength, vestibular alteration, and severe fatigue. Progressive resistance training (PRT) has proven to be a promising intervention showing a positive effect on muscle strength. Another promising intervention frequently used in neuro-rehabilitation is task specific training where also Balance and Motor Control Training (BMCT) are incorporated. Interestingly, the principles of BMCT do fundamentally contrast the principles of PRT in terms of variation in movement pattern, loading and repetitions. Consequently, knowledge of any diverse effect would be of clinical relevance. AIM: To evaluate the effects of PRT and BMCT on gait, balance and fatigue in persons with MS. METHOD: A three-armed multi-center, single-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial with two intervention groups (1. PRT of the lower extremities. 2. BMCT that challenges gait function) and a control group that receives usual care while on a waitlist for a combined PRT + BMCT intervention performed after the two interventions groups have completed their interventions. The interventions last ten weeks with two sessions per week, in groups of 3–6 participants. Number of participants is 30 per intervention – 90 in total. Primary outcome measures for gait function are the Timed 25 Foot Walk (T25FW) and the Six Spot Step Test (SSST). Secondary outcomes are fatigue, perceived gait function, temporo-spatial gait characteristics, balance and strength. Inclusion criteria are: EDSS 2–6, SSST >8 sec and T25FW >5 sec. Exclusion: Recent attacks and ongoing intensive rehabilitation. ANALYSIS: The effects in the three groups are examined in a mixed effects regression analysis with group and time as fixed effects and center and patient within center as random effects. Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis will be conducted on baseline data to determine associations between the primary outcomes on gait function and the secondary outcomes on fatigue, spatial gait parameters, balance and patient reported measures. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study is approved by the Regional ethical committee and registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02870023.
Effect of chin tuck against resistance exercise on patients with dysphagia following stroke: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Park Ji-Su , An Duk-Hyun , Oh Dong-Hwan , Chang Moon-Young 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Recently, chin tuck against resistance exercise (CTAR) has been reported as a remedial treatment for pharyngeal dysphagia. However, the clinical evidence of the effect is still lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of CTAR on the swallowing function in patients with dysphagia following subacute stroke. METHODS: The patients were randomly assigned to an experimental ( n = 11) or a control group ( n = 11). The experimental group performed CTAR using the CTAR device. The control group received only conventional dysphagia treatment. Both groups received training on five days a week, for four weeks. The swallowing function was measured using functional dysphagia scale (FDS) and penetration-aspiration scale (PAS), based on a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). RESULTS: The experimental group showed more improvements in the oral cavity, laryngeal elevation/epiglottic closure, residue in valleculae, and residue in pyriform sinuses of FDS and PAS compared to the control group ( p < 0.05, all). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that CTAR is effective in improving the pharyngeal swallowing function in patients with dysphagia after stroke. Therefore, we recommend CTAR as a new remedial training alternative to HLE.
Vagus nerve stimulation paired with tactile training improved sensory function in a chronic stroke patient
Authors: Kilgard Michael P. , Rennaker Robert L. , Alexander Jen , Dawson Jesse 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with rehabilitation can enhance neural plasticity in the primary sensory and motor cortices, improve forelimb function after stroke in animal models and improve motor function in patients with arm weakness after stroke. OBJECTIVE: To gain “first-in-man” experience of VNS paired with tactile training in a patient with severe sensory impairment after stroke. METHODS: During the long-term follow-up phase of a clinical trial of VNS paired with motor rehabilitation, a 71-year-old man who had made good motor recovery had ongoing severe sensory loss in his left hand and arm. He received VNS paired with tactile therapy in an attempt to improve his sensory function. During twenty 2-hour sessions, each passive and active tactile event was paired with a 0.5 second burst of 0.8 mA VNS. Sensory function was measured before, halfway through, and after this therapy. RESULTS: The patient did not report any side effects during or following VNS+Tactile therapy. Quantitative measures revealed lasting and clinically meaningful improvements in tactile threshold, proprioception, and stereognosis. After VNS+Tactile therapy, the patient was able to detect tactile stimulation to his affected hand that was eight times less intense, identify the joint position of his fingers in the affected hand three times more often, and identify everyday objects using his affected hand seven times more often, compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Sensory function significantly improved in this man following VNS paired with tactile stimulation. This approach merits further study in controlled clinical trials.
Driving after brain injury: Does dual-task modality matter?
Authors: Vickers Kayci L. , Schultheis Maria T. , Manning Kevin J. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality technology allows neuropsychologists to examine complex, real-world behaviors with high ecological validity and can provide an understanding of the impact of demanding dual-tasks on driving performance. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that a task imposing high cognitive and physical demands (coin-sorting) would result in the greatest reduction in driving maintenance performance. METHODS: Twenty participants with acquired brain injury and 28 healthy controls were included in the current study. All participants were licensed and drove regularly. Participants completed two standardized VRDS drives: (1) a baseline drive with no distractions, and (2) the same route with three, counterbalanced dual-tasks representing differing demands. RESULTS: A series of 3 (Task)×2 (Group) ANOVAs revealed that the ABI group tended to go slower than the HC group in the presence of a dual-task, F (1, 111) = 6.24, p = 0.01. Importantly, the ABI group also showed greater variability in speed, F (1, 110) = 10.97, p < 0.01, and lane position, F (1, 108) = 7.81, p < 0.01, an effect driven by dual-tasks with both a cognitive and motor demand. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that long-term driving difficulties following ABI are subtle and likely due to reduced cognitive resources.