bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magendrehung (Dilatatio et Torsio ventriculi) beim
Meerschweinchen (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Eckert Yvonne , Brezina Tina , Fehr Michael 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Übersichtsarbeit zur Darstellung des Krankheitsbildes der
Magendrehung beim Meerschweinchen.
Material und Methoden Vier klinische Fälle einer Magendrehung beim
Meerschweinchen wurden hinsichtlich des klinischen Bildes und der diagnostischen
Möglichkeiten betrachtet. Es erfolgte eine Darstellung von Therapieversuchen und
möglicher Alternativen. Potenzielle Risikofaktoren für die Erkrankung sowie
deren Ätiologie und Pathophysiologie wurden diskutiert und mit den Verhältnissen
bei anderen Tierarten verglichen.
Ergebnisse Anhand der dargestellten Fälle wird deutlich, dass neben der
Anamnese und klinischen Untersuchung die Röntgenuntersuchung das Mittel der Wahl
zur Diagnose einer Magendrehung beim Meerschweinchen darstellt. In allen vier
Fällen erfolgte nach der Diagnose ein chirurgischer Therapieversuch. Ein Tier
wurde intraoperativ euthanasiert, drei Patienten verstarben nach der
Operation.
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Magendrehung beim
Meerschweinchen ist als absoluter Notfall einzustufen. Neben der sofortigen
Stabilisierung des Patienten bedarf es fast immer einer chirurgischen
Intervention. Die Prognose der Erkrankung ist als vorsichtig bis schlecht
einzustufen.
Therapie des Diabetes bei Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Kappel Ben , Lehrke Michael 
Published: February 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs besteht mittlerweile eine sehr gute Evidenz dafür, dass Herzinsuffizienzereignisse bei Patienten mit Diabetes durch eine SGLT2-Inhibition verhindert werden können. Da die Herzinsuffizienz ein häufiges und schwerwiegendes Ereignis bei Diabetes darstellt, sollten die Präparate bei Patienten mit hohem kardiovaskulärem Risiko regelhaft zum Einsatz kommen, um so eine Verbesserung der Prognose zu erreichen.
Homöopathie und evidenzbasierte Medizin
Authors: Keinki Christian , Aust Norbert , Grams Natalie , Hübner Jutta 
Published: February 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas gesellschaftliche Interesse und die Diskussionen um die Homöopathie sind groß. Aber seit Erfindung der Homöopathie bleibt uns dieses Verfahren einen nachhaltigen und reproduzierbaren Nachweis einer Wirksamkeit schuldig. Es existiert keine hochwertige Evidenz, dass die Homöopathie bei irgendeinem Krankheitsbild über Kontexteffekte hinaus effektiv wäre. Die Homöopathie birgt darüber hinaus potenzielle direkte, indirekte und intangible Risiken.
Die Anforderungen sind gestiegen
Authors: Polok Adrian , Landgraf Rüdiger 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Stiftungen schützen das Wattenmeer, präsentieren Kunst und Kultur oder fördern – wie die Deutsche Diabetes-Stiftung – medizinische Forschungsprojekte. Ganz gleich ob Bildung, Umwelt oder Gesundheit, der überwiegende Teil der rund 22 000 hierzulande betriebenen Stiftungen setzt sich für gemeinnützige Zwecke ein, die der Allgemeinheit dienen. Und das für eine sehr, sehr lange Zeit. Denn einmal gegründet, arbeitet eine Stiftung unaufhörlich an der Erfüllung ihres Satzungszwecks.
Spaced Education Improves the Retention of Laparoscopic Suturing Skills: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Boettcher Johannes , Klippgen Lea , Mietzsch Stefan , Grube Friederike , Krebs Thomas , Bergholz Robert , Reinshagen Konrad , Boettcher Michael 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Introduction Spaced learning has been shown to be superior in complex motor skill acquisition like laparoscopic suturing and knot tying. By using a pre–post follow-up design, the aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term impact of implementation of the spaced learning concept in laparoscopic training.
Materials and Methods To evaluate the effectiveness of spaced learning, subjects were asked to perform four surgeon's square knots on a bowel model within 30 minutes—prior and after 3 hours of hands-on training. To examine the long-term skills, the same students were asked to perform a comparable, but more complex, task (four slip knots in a model of esophageal atresia) 12 months later as follow-up measurement. Total time, knot stability (evaluated via tensiometer), suture accuracy, knot quality (Muresan scale), and laparoscopic performance (Munz checklist) were assessed. Moreover, motivation was accessed using Questionnaire on Current Motivation.
Results Twenty students were included in the study; after simple randomization, 10 were trained using the “spaced learning” concept and 10 via traditional methods. Both groups had comparable baseline characteristics and improved after training significantly, regarding all aspects assessed in this study. Subjects that trained via spaced learning were superior in terms of speed (p = 0.021), knot quality (p = 0.008), and suture strength (p = 0.003). Additionally, spaced learning significantly decreased anxiety (p = 0.029) and probability of success (p = 0.005).
Conclusion The spaced learning concept is very suitable for long-term complex motor skill acquisition, like laparoscopic suturing and knot tying. It is superior to conventional training regarding speed and, most importantly, knot quality and stability, resulting in improved confidence and motivation. Thus, we strongly recommend to incorporate the spaced learning concept into training courses and surgical programs.
You are other
Authors: Tararova Olga 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe following paper focuses on the attitudes of the in-group (referred to as bilingual Veneto-Spanish speakers) and out-group (monolingual Spanish speakers) in the bilingual community of Chipilo, Mexico. This paper has two main goals: first, to analyse the attitudes of the out-group towards the in-group; and second, to analyse the perceived attitudes of the latter group, who become the primary ‘determinants’ in minority language maintenance. Through 108 sociolinguistic questionnaires and 15 interviews, the following social factors were examined: ethnicity, gender, level of education, and age of the speakers. The results showed negative attitudes perceived by the in-group, especially younger males of higher education levels, as well as possible tensions between the two groups.
Subtypes of tumour cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles having differently externalized phosphatidylserine
Authors: Matsumura Sachiko , Minamisawa Tamiko , Suga Kanako , Kishita Hiromi , Akagi Takanori , Ichiki Takanori , Ichikawa Yuki , Shiba Kiyotaka 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTPhosphatidylserine (PS) has skewed distributions in the plasma membrane and is preferentially located in the inner leaflet of normal cells. Tumour cells, however, expose PS at the outer leaflet of cell surfaces, thereby potentially modulating the bio‐signalling of cells. Interestingly, exosomes – or, more properly, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) – which are secreted from tumour cells, are enriched with externalized PS, have been proposed as being involved in the progression of cancers, and could be used as a marker for tumour diagnostics. However, the sEV fractions prepared from various methods are composed of different subtypes of vesicles, and knowledge about the subtypes enriched with exposed PS is still limited. Here, we differentiated sEVs from cancer cell lines by density gradient centrifugation and characterized the separated fractions by using gold‐labelling of PS in atomic force microscopy, thrombin generation assay, size and zeta potential measurements, and western blot analysis. These analyses revealed a previously unreported PS+‐enriched sEV subtype, which is characterized by a lower density than that of canonical exosomes (1.06 g/ml vs. 1.08 g/ml), larger size (122 nm vs. 105 nm), more negative zeta potential (−28 mV vs. −21 mV), and lower abundance of canonical exosomal markers. The identification of the PS‐exposed subtype of sEVs will provide deeper insight into the role of EVs in tumour biology and enhance the development of EV‐based tumour diagnosis and therapy.
Light Exposure during Days with Night, Outdoor, and Indoor Work
Authors: Daugaard Stine , Markvart Jakob , Bonde Jens Peter , Christoffersen Jens , Garde Anne Helene , Hansen Åse Marie , Schlünssen Vivi , Vestergaard Jesper Medom , Vistisen Helene Tilma , Kolstad Henrik Albert 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
To assess light exposure during days with indoor, outdoor, and night work and days off work.

Methods
Light intensity was continuously recorded for 7 days across the year among indoor (n = 170), outdoor (n = 151), and night workers (n = 188) in Denmark (55–56°N) equipped with a personal light recorder. White light intensity, duration above 80, 1000, and 2500 lux, and proportion of red, green, and blue light was depicted by time of the day and season for work days and days off work.

Results
Indoor workers’ average light exposure only intermittently exceeded 1000 lux during daytime working hours in summer and never in winter. During daytime working hours, most outdoor workers exceeded 2500 lux in summer and 1000 lux in winter. Night workers spent on average 10–50 min &gt;80 lux when working night shifts. During days off work, indoor and night workers were exposed to higher light intensities than during work days and few differences were seen between indoor, outdoor, and night workers. The spectral composition of light was similar for indoor, outdoor, and night workers during days at and off work.

Conclusion
The night workers of this study were during night hours on average exposed for a limited time to light intensities expected to suppress melatonin. The indoor workers were exposed to light levels during daylight hours that may reduce general well-being and mood, especially in winter. Outdoor workers were during summer daylight hours exposed to light levels comparable to those used for the treatment of depression.
Shaping the nebulous enhancer in the era of high-throughput assays and genome editing
Authors: Ho Edwin Yu-Kiu , Cao Qin , Gu Mengting , Chan Ricky Wai-Lun , Wu Qiong , Gerstein Mark , Yip Kevin Y 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince the 1st discovery of transcriptional enhancers in 1981, their textbook definition has remained largely unchanged in the past 37 years. With the emergence of high-throughput assays and genome editing, which are switching the paradigm from bottom-up discovery and testing of individual enhancers to top-down profiling of enhancer activities genome-wide, it has become increasingly evidenced that this classical definition has left substantial gray areas in different aspects. Here we survey a representative set of recent research articles and report the definitions of enhancers they have adopted. The results reveal that a wide spectrum of definitions is used usually without the definition stated explicitly, which could lead to difficulties in data interpretation and downstream analyses. Based on these findings, we discuss the practical implications and suggestions for future studies.
deTS: tissue-specific enrichment analysis to decode tissue specificity
Authors: Pei Guangsheng , Dai Yulin , Zhao Zhongming , Jia Peilin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Diseases and traits are under dynamic tissue-specific regulation. However, heterogeneous tissues are often collected in biomedical studies, which reduce the power in the identification of disease-associated variants and gene expression profiles.

Results
We present deTS, an R package, to conduct tissue-specific enrichment analysis with two built-in reference panels. Statistical methods are developed and implemented for detecting tissue-specific genes and for enrichment test of different forms of query data. Our applications using multi-trait genome-wide association studies data and cancer expression data showed that deTS could effectively identify the most relevant tissues for each query trait or sample, providing insights for future studies.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/bsml320/deTS and CRAN https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/deTS/

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Discrimination between Asian populations of the parasitoid wasp Ganaspis cf. brasiliensis using a simple MALDI-TOF MS-based method for use with insects
Authors: Reeve Michael A , Seehausen M Lukas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila suzukii has recently become an invasive pest insect of significant economic impact in Europe and the USA. In contrast to other Drosophila species, D. suzukii is able to infest intact fruit by means of a saw-like ovipositor, which allows females to deposit eggs beneath the skin of the fruit. Classical biological control using the parasitoid wasp Ganaspis cf. brasiliensis is currently being researched as an environmentally sustainable option for the control of D. suzukii. In particular, the host specificity of this parasitoid has been assessed for populations from different regions in China and Japan. In order to study the relationship between the differences in specificity and molecular variations, we have adapted a matrix-assisted laser-desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based method, originally developed for use with plant material, to discriminate between example populations of G. cf. brasiliensis. We have employed a combination of principal component analysis and blind-tested comparison between reference sample MALDI-TOF MS spectra and test sample spectra to discriminate, on the basis of the acid-soluble insect protein spectra generated, between four populations of G. cf. brasiliensis (originally collected from Tokyo and Hasuike in Japan and Dali and Ximing in China). MALDI-TOF MS analysis is able to discriminate with 100% accuracy between populations G. cf. brasiliensis. The Chinese populations were observed to be similar, but the Tokyo population is slightly different and the Hasuike population is significantly different from the other populations. The Tokyo population appears more closely related to the Chinese populations than the Hasuike population, even though both originate from Japan.
One Tough Cookie: Exploring Black Women’s Responses to Empire’s Cookie Lyon
Authors: Click Melissa A , Smith-Frigerio Sarah 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe premier of Empire in January 2015 drew 9.8 million viewers and became FOX's highest-rated series debut in three years. In this episode, we are introduced to the terminally-ill CEO of Empire Entertainment, Lucious Lyon (Terrence Howard), who must decide which of his three sons will inherit the family business. To further complicate the decision, his ex-wife, Cookie (Taraji P. Henson), is released from prison after 17 years. The strength of the performances from the main cast, and those of celebrity guest stars, bolster the drama that unfolds, explaining why Empire was incredibly popular with audiences, and black audiences in particular. We examine the series's representations of blackness through focus group interviews with 31 black women viewers, exploring how they made sense of Cookie and compared her to black female leads on other series. Our interviews reveal that Cookie's complexities inspire identification and anxiety, engage broader debates about popular culture representations, and clarify black women's desires to see multifaceted images of themselves and their communities on television.
Random Sections of Line Bundles Over Real Riemann Surfaces
Authors: Ancona Michele 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Let $\mathcal{L}$ be a positive line bundle over a Riemann surface $\Sigma $ defined over $\mathbb{R}$. We prove that sections $s$ of $\mathcal{L}^d$, $d\gg 0$, whose number of real zeros $\#Z_s$ deviates from the expected one are rare. We also provide asymptotics of the form $\mathbb{E}[(\#Z_s-\mathbb{E}[\# Z_s])^k]=O(\sqrt{d}^{k-1-\alpha })$ and $\mathbb{E}[\#Z^k_s]=a_k\sqrt{d}^{k}+b_k\sqrt{d}^{k-1}+O(\sqrt{d}^{k-1-\alpha })$ for all the (central) moments of the number of real zeros. Here $\alpha $ is any number in $(0,1)$, and $a_k$ and $b_k$ are some explicit and positive constants. Finally, we obtain similar asymptotics for the distribution of complex zeros of random sections. Our proof involves Bergman kernel estimates as well as Olver multispaces.
Quantitative Differences in Feeding Behavior of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Transgenic and Nontransgenic Cotton
Authors: Cervantes Felix A , Backus Elaine A , Godfrey Larry , Rojas Maria G , Akbar Waseem , Clark Thomas L 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) is one of the most important pests on cotton in the United States. Previous research showed that transgenic cotton plants expressing the Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) crystalline protein Cry51Aa2.834_16 (designated MON 88702) have insecticidal effects on nymphal L. lineolaris. The present study is the first to examine effects of a Bt-expressing cotton on feeding by a heteropteran like L. lineolaris. We compared stylet probing behaviors of third-instar nymphs on pin-head squares (i.e., buds <3 mm wide) of MON 88702 cotton versus nontransgenic (control) DP393 plants using AC-DC electropenetrography. Waveforms were quantified based on appearances previously characterized and correlated with adult L. lineolaris feeding behaviors; nymphal and adult waveforms had the same appearance. Generalized third-instar feeding included maceration of tissues during cell rupturing (waveform CR), tasting/testing during a waveform called transition (T), and ingestion (I); all were similar between MON 88702 and DP393 plants. However, the number of events and duration of each waveform were different between treatments. Relative to nymphs on DP393, those on MON 88702 spent more time overall in stylet probing, due to increased number of maceration events per probe and longer durations of tasting/testing, per waveform event, per probe, and per insect; yet, ingestion events were shorter and more frequent. These findings support that MON 88702 cotton plants were less palatable and/or preorally digestible to L. lineolaris nymphs than DP393, suggesting antixenosis for MON 88702. Transgenic cotton antixenosis could positively affect cotton pest management by reducing feeding of L. lineolaris nymphs and protecting crop yield.
Biology and Management of the Carrot Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America
Authors: Justus Emily J , Long Elizabeth Y 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a devastating pest of high value Apiaceous crops like carrots (Daucus carota subsp. sativusHoffm.), parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss), and celery (Apium graveolens L.). Although native to North America, it is a serious pest across the Eastern United States and Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. Females deposit eggs in the petiole of cultivated hosts, and upon hatching, larvae tunnel down through the petiole and into plant roots causing wilting, yellowing, and plant death. Scouting procedures focus mainly on adult activity and require detection of small egg scars on the foliage and crown of the root, or reliance on traps that are only effective at the beginning of the season before the crop emerges. Several avenues of cultural, biological, and chemical control have been explored for this pest, but with limited success. Furthermore, investigation of these management strategies have primarily focused on carrot systems, neglecting other cultivated Apiaceae. Here we present a review of carrot weevil research and highlight key knowledge gaps in the carrot weevil system, which impede our understanding of this insect’s biology and behavioral ecology. Future research addressing these key knowledge gaps will expand our understanding of this pest and contribute to the development and implementation of more effective management strategies.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Clark Robin D. , Curry Cynthia J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews isolated and syndromic intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or small for gestational age infants. The differential diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction includes placental, maternal, and fetal causes. Maternal causes of IUGR include exposure to teratogens, various maternal illnesses, and multiple gestation. Infant causes include congenital infection, chromosomal aneuploidy, and multiple syndromes including primordial dwarfism. Other causes include genomic imprinting errors (Russell Silver syndrome and IMAGe syndrome) and endocrine and metabolic causes, the lipodystrophies, and skeletal dysplasias including SHOX deficiency. The evaluation of IUGR usually includes a SNP microarray and often targeted or gene panel testing. A clinical case presentation features an infant with Majewski (microcephalic) osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD II) .
Holoprosencephaly
Authors: Clark Robin D. , Curry Cynthia J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews background information about the incidence, risk factors, genetics, recurrence risk, and epidemiology of isolated and syndromic holoprosencephaly, including a summary of its subtypes and microforms (solitary median maxillary central incisor, absent midline frenulum, choanal atresia, pyriform aperture stenosis). The discussion on the differential diagnosis of holoprosencephaly summarizes its common causes, including teratogenic agents (maternal diabetes), chromosome anomalies (aneuploidy, recurrent copy number variants), and Mendelian disorders in which holoprosencephaly is isolated or associated with malformations in other organ systems. This chapter offers recommendations for evaluation and management. A clinical case presentation features an infant with transient neonatal hypernatremia, who was later diagnosed with lobar holoprosencephaly after presenting with dehydration due to diabetes insipidus.
Retrospective Assessment of the Efficacy of Modified Progressive Tinnitus Management Skills Education in a Military Medical Treatment Facility
Authors: Sherlock LaGuinn P , Ortiz Candice E , Blasco Georgina P , Brooks Daniel I 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The number-one service-connected disability is tinnitus. Tinnitus currently has no cure, but the functional impact of tinnitus has been shown to be mitigated by Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM), a multi-level management approach. The duration of PTM Level 3 skills education (PTM-SE) and the inclusion of mental health providers have been identified as barriers to implementation of PTM-SE in Department of Defense (DOD) medical treatment facilities. The goal of this study was to determine if a version of PTM-SE modified for use in DOD medical treatment facilities resulted in positive changes in tinnitus-related outcomes.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective study was conducted by examining the medical records of patients who attended modified PTM-SE appointments. The study was approved by the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Institutional Review Board. The study sample included 130 patients who completed modified PTM-SE between January 2015 and June 2016. Primary outcome measures were tinnitus awareness and tinnitus annoyance; secondary outcome measures were effect on life and self-perceived coping ability. Outcome measures were analyzed with nonparametric statistics and logistic regression.

Results
Modified PTM-SE resulted in clinically significant improvements in the primary outcome measures (awareness, p &lt; 0.0001; annoyance, p &lt; 0.0001). The proportion of patients who indicated an improvement in coping with tinnitus was similar to other published data with similar modifications to PTM-SE.

Conclusions
The evidence supports the assumption that PTM is a flexible program of tinnitus management that even when modified to be suitable for use in a DOD medical treatment facility provides meaningful reductions in tinnitus awareness and annoyance and improves tinnitus coping ability among military beneficiaries. These findings should encourage audiologists to modify PTM to work within their military medical treatment facility.