bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with reduced hippocampal volume and disrupted structural connectivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Al‐Amin Mamun , Bradford DanaKai , Sullivan Robert K. P. , Kurniawan Nyoman D. , Moon Yeonsil , Han Seol‐Heui , Zalesky Andrew , Burne Thomas H. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVitamin D deficiency may exacerbate adverse neurocognitive outcomes in the progression of diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and other dementias. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is prodromal for these neurocognitive disorders and neuroimaging studies suggest that, in the elderly, this cognitive impairment is associated with a reduction in hippocampal volume and white matter structural integrity. To test whether vitamin D is associated with neuroanatomical correlates of MCI, we analyzed an existing structural and diffusion MRI dataset of elderly patients with MCI. Based on serum 25‐OHD levels, patients were categorized into serum 25‐OHD deficient (<12 ng/mL, n = 27) or not‐deficient (>12 ng/mL, n = 29). Freesurfer 6.0 was used to parcellate the whole brain into 164 structures and segment the hippocampal subfields. Whole‐brain structural connectomes were generated using probabilistic tractography with MRtrix. The network‐based statistic (NBS) was used to identify subnetworks of connections that significantly differed between the groups. We found a significant reduction in total hippocampal volume in the serum 25‐OHD deficient group especially in the CA1, molecular layer, dentate gyrus, and fimbria. We observed a connection deficit in 13 regions with the right hippocampus at the center of the disrupted network. Our results demonstrate that low vitamin D is associated with reduced volumes of hippocampal subfields and connection deficits in elderly people with MCI, which may exacerbate neurocognitive outcomes. Longitudinal studies are now required to determine if vitamin D can serve as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and if intervention can prevent the progression from MCI to major cognitive disorders.
Autoimmune Hepatitis During Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir Treatment of Hepatitis C: A Case Report
Authors: Covini Giovanni , Bredi Elena , Badalamenti Salvatore , Roncalli Massimo , Aghemo Alessio , Colombo Massimo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We report the case of a woman with chronic hepatitis C and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who developed autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) during antiviral therapy with ledipasvir (LDV)/sofosbuvir (SOF). The onset of acute hepatitis rose two weeks after starting treatment with LDV/SOF when HCV‐RNA tested negative, suggesting a link between rapid HCV clearance and de novo autoimmune diseases. Conclusion: This case report proposes new immunologic scenarios in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) with laboratory or clinical signs of autoimmunity during direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy.
The effects of living in an outdoor enclosure on hippocampal plasticity and anxiety‐like behavior in response to nematode infection
Authors: Cope Elise C. , Opendak Maya , LaMarca Elizabeth A. , Murthy Sahana , Park Christin Y. , Olson Lyra B. , Martinez Susana , Leung Jacqueline M. , Graham Andrea L. , Gould Elizabeth 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe hippocampus of rodents undergoes structural remodeling throughout adulthood, including the addition of new neurons. Adult neurogenesis is sensitive to environmental enrichment and stress. Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, are involved in adult neurogenesis by engulfing dying new neurons. While previous studies using laboratory environmental enrichment have investigated alterations in brain structure and function, they do not provide an adequate reflection of living in the wild, in which stress and environmental instability are common. Here, we compared mice living in standard laboratory settings to mice living in outdoor enclosures to assess the complex interactions among environment, gut infection, and hippocampal plasticity. We infected mice with parasitic worms and studied their effects on adult neurogenesis, microglia, and functions associated with the hippocampus, including cognition and anxiety regulation. We found an increase in immature neuron numbers of mice living in outdoor enclosures regardless of infection. While outdoor living prevented increases in microglial reactivity induced by infection in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, outdoor mice with infection had fewer microglia and microglial processes in the ventral hippocampus. We observed no differences in cognitive performance on the hippocampus‐dependent object location task between infected and uninfected mice living in either setting. However, we found that infection caused an increase in anxiety‐like behavior in the open field test but only in outdoor mice. These findings suggest that living conditions, as well as gut infection, interact to produce complex effects on brain structure and function.
Reviewing Rare Earth Succinate Frameworks from the Reticular Chemistry Point of View: Structures, Nets, Catalytic and Photoluminescence Applications
Authors: Bernini Maria C. , Gomez Germán E. , Brusau Elena V. , Narda Griselda E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe intense development that Metal‐Organic Frameworks have experienced along the last two decades, reflects the interest on these compounds as a new generation of multifunctional materials with diverse applications. The first works of Prof. Omar Yaghi devoted to obtain open frameworks by combining rigid aromatic linkers and a variety of metal centers, encouraged the creativity of the scientific community to designcoordination polymers employing aliphatic ligands as multitopic building blocks . Here, a revision of the literature dedicated to rare earth coordination networks mainly based in succinate ligand and derivatives is performed. A structural analysis of 2D and 3D frameworks based on rare earth elements and succinate, was carried out considering their inner connectivities and topologies with focus on those compounds with potential photoluminescent and catalytic technological applications. Thus, a variety of optical behaviours regarding the emission mechanisms, colours, lifetimes, quantum yields as well as chemical/thermal sensing properties are presented and compared with related phases found in literature. The catalytic performance of several rare earth‐succinates in three important reactions is discussed in terms of their acidity, dimensionality and available active centers towards the formation of the desired products analysing parameters such as selectivity, yields and TOFs.
Determination of potential oxidative damage, hepatotoxicity, and cytogenotoxicity in male Wistar rats: Role of indomethacin
Authors: Hilal Ahmad Mir , Fatima Mahino , Hossain Mohd. Mobarak , Mondal Amal Chandra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe present study demonstrated the indomethacin (INDO) induced oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, and genotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Animals were orally administrated INDO at doses of 0.302 and 0.605 (mg/kg b.w.) for 2 weeks. Reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) activities/levels were measured in the liver, kidney, and brain tissues. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, total bilirubin (TBIL) levels, and histopathological changes were determined in the liver tissues. Micronucleus frequency (micronucleus test) and DNA damage (comet assay) tests were performed in the bone marrow cells and leukocytes, respectively. Results show that INDO treatment decreased the GSH, SOD, and CAT levels/activities and increased the LPO, ALT, AST, ALP, and TBIL activities/levels. INDO induced significant hepatic injury and micronucleus and DNA damage. Thus, the current investigations confirm the oxidative stress, hepatotoxic, and genotoxic properties of INDO in the male Wistar rats.
Quantification of intraepidermal nerve fiber density using three‐dimensional microscopy
Authors: Kim Dai Hyun , Na Ji Eun , Lee Se Jeong , Sun Woong , Ahn Hyo Hyun , Kim Byung‐Jo , Rhyu Im Joo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional microscopy provides more extended depth of penetration compared with conventional light microscopy and is known to be useful in clinical evaluation of thick biological specimens. Skin nerve biopsy together with the quantification of intraepidermal nerve fibers in multiple thick sections has been widely adopted for evaluating peripheral neuropathies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectivity of three‐dimensional microscopy in reducing the required time and inter‐rater discrepancies, especially in the case of personnel not familiar with the quantification methods. A total of six cryo‐sectioned specimens were analyzed for the study and the skin samples were collected from one patient with postherpetic neuralgia who voluntarily participated in the study. Two investigators, a physician and non‐physician assessed the intraepidermal nerve fiber densities and required analysis time using three different methods including direct visualization of tissue slides, and analysis with two‐ and three‐dimensional images. Three‐dimensional microscopy could produce images that enabled reliable evaluation of intraepidermal nerve fibers; the accuracy of analysis was statistically comparable between the physician and non‐physician (p > .05). Three‐dimensional microscopy also enabled the non‐physician to proceed meaningfully faster evaluation compared with the direct visualization method (p = .03). Three‐dimensional microscopy could be one of the useful methods to improve accuracy and convenience of the analysis of intraepidermal nerve fibers especially appropriate for unaccustomed physician or non‐physician.Research HighlightsThree‐dimensional microscopy is capable of producing images with more extended depth of penetration compared with conventional light microscopy and has been known to be suitable for clinical evaluation of thick biological specimens. Cutaneous nerve biopsy and the quantification of nerve fibers in thick sections has been widely adopted for evaluating peripheral neuropathies. Three‐dimensional microscopy could be especially appropriate for unaccustomed physician or non‐physician to improve accuracy and convenience of the analysis of intraepidermal nerve fibers.
Efficient Catalytic Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2‐ones/thiones via Little Acidic Ionic Liquid Combined with Rapid Heating Ways
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Ping , Tian Da‐Yu , Shi Wang‐Ming 
Published: September 2018

Catalytic synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones/thiones was efficiently promoted by as little as 2.5 mol% of Brønsted acidic ionic liquid [(CH2)3SO3HMIM]HSO4 catalyst loading via rapid heating ways. Interestingly, rapid heating effectively improved yields to avoid side products. Furthermore, the mechanism has been speculated that the reaction proceeds may be via rapidly one‐step condensation rather than slowly step‐by‐step condensation. In addition, the catalyst can be recovered for repeated use (up to seven times), and a whole green reaction process adds to its practical applicability.
Intrapatient Comparison of the Hepatobiliary Phase of Gd‐BOPTA and Gd‐EOB‐DTPA in the Differentiation of Hepatocellular Adenoma From Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Authors: Vanhooymissen Inge J.S.M.L. , Thomeer Maarten G. , Braun Loes M.M. , Gest Bibiche , van Koeverden Sebastiaan , Willemssen Francois E. , Hunink Myriam , De Man Robert A. , Ijzermans Jan N. , Dwarkasing Roy S. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundCurrent imaging guidelines do not specify the preferred hepatobiliary contrast agent when differentiating hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) from focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) on MRI.PurposeTo analyze intrapatient differences in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) after use of both gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd‐BOPTA) and gadoxetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced MRI to differentiate HCA from FNH.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationPatients who underwent both Gd‐BOPTA and Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI, including 33 patients with 82 lesions (67 HCA; 15 FNH), with a step‐down reference standard of pathology, 20% regression, identical appearance to earlier biopsied lesions, and stringent imaging findings.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T and 3T HBP of Gd‐BOPTA and Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI, precontrast fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted sequence.AssessmentSignal intensities relative to the surrounding liver in the HBP were assessed by two observers.Statistical TestsSensitivity and specificity of HCA diagnosis were calculated for both contrast agents. Interobserver agreement was evaluated using Cohen's kappa; differences in degree of certainty for scoring a lesion were calculated by means of the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Differences in signal intensity between Gd‐BOPTA and Gd‐EOB‐DTPA were calculated using McNemar's test.ResultsAlmost perfect agreement was found between observers for scored signal intensities with both contrast agents. In 30 of the 82 lesions (37%) a difference was observed between contrast agents in the HBP, with Gd‐EOB‐DTPA proving correct in all but one of the discordant lesions. When distinguishing HCA from FNH, Gd‐BOPTA showed a sensitivity of 46% (31/67) and a specificity of 87% (13/15), while the sensitivity and specificity of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA was 85% (57/67) and 100% (15/15), respectively. A risk of misclassifying HCA as FNH typically occurs for Gd‐BOPTA when lesions are intrinsically hyperintense (P < 0.005).Data ConclusionThe HBP of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA shows superior accuracy in ruling out HCA in comparison with Gd‐BOPTA, especially when the lesion is intrinsically hyperintense on T1‐weighted imaging.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:700–710.
Artificial Intelligence Applied to Osteoporosis: A Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting Fragility Fractures From MRI Data
Authors: Ferizi Uran , Besser Harrison , Hysi Pirro , Jacobs Joseph , Rajapakse Chamith S. , Chen Cheng , Saha Punam K. , Honig Stephen , Chang Gregory 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundA current challenge in osteoporosis is identifying patients at risk of bone fracture.PurposeTo identify the machine learning classifiers that predict best osteoporotic bone fractures and, from the data, to highlight the imaging features and the anatomical regions that contribute most to prediction performance.Study TypeProspective (cross‐sectional) case–control study.PopulationThirty‐two women with prior fragility bone fractures, of mean age = 61.6 and body mass index (BMI) = 22.7 kg/m2, and 60 women without fractures, of mean age = 62.3 and BMI = 21.4 kg/m2.Field Strength/ Sequence: 3D FLASH at 3T.AssessmentQuantitative MRI outcomes by software algorithms. Mechanical and topological microstructural parameters of the trabecular bone were calculated for five femoral regions, and added to the vector of features together with bone mineral density measurement, fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) score, and personal characteristics such as age, weight, and height. We fitted 15 classifiers using 200 randomized cross‐validation datasets.Statistical Tests:Data: Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normality. Model Performance: sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, F1‐test, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Two‐sidedt‐test, withP< 0.05 for statistical significance.ResultsThe top three performing classifiers are RUS‐boosted trees (in particular, performing best with head data, F1 = 0.64 ± 0.03), the logistic regression and the linear discriminant (both best with trochanteric datasets, F1 = 0.65 ± 0.03 and F1 = 0.67 ± 0.03, respectively). A permutation of these classifiers comprised the best three performers for four out of five anatomical datasets. After averaging across all the anatomical datasets, the score for the best performer, the boosted trees, was F1 = 0.63 ± 0.03 for All‐features dataset, F1 = 0.52 ± 0.05 for the no‐MRI dataset, and F1 = 0.48 ± 0.06 for the no‐FRAX dataset.Data Conclusion:Of many classifiers, the RUS‐boosted trees, the logistic regression, and the linear discriminant are best for predicting osteoporotic fracture. Both MRI and FRAX independently add value in identifying osteoporotic fractures. The femoral head, greater trochanter, and inter‐trochanter anatomical regions within the proximal femur yielded better F1‐scores for the best three classifiers.Level of Evidence:2Technical Efficacy:Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1029–1038.
Repeatability of Arterial Spin Labeling MRI in Measuring Blood Perfusion in the Human Eye
Authors: Khanal Safal , Turnbull Philip R.K. , Vaghefi Ehsan , Phillips John R. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundQuantifying blood perfusion in ocular tissues is challenging, partly because the majority of the blood is carried by the choroid, which is difficult to visualize because it is located between the retina and sclera.Purpose/HypothesisTo evaluate the intra‐ and interday repeatability of MRI measures of chorio‐retinal blood perfusion.Study TypeProspective, cross‐sectional, observational study.PopulationTwenty young healthy adults (six male, age: 25 ± 5 years) scanned twice within a single session repeated at the same time of day on 2 days.Field Strength/SequenceArterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI at 3.0T using pseudocontinuous ASL (PCASL) labeling scheme and a 3D turbo‐gradient‐spin‐echo (TGSE) acquisition, including axial T2‐weighted structural images using a 2D turbo‐spin‐echo (TSE) sequence.AssessmentsRegion‐of‐interest analysis for assessment of chorio‐retinal blood perfusion.Statistical TestsIntra‐ and interday repeatability of measures analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Pearson's correlation analysis, paired t‐tests, and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsThe mean chorio‐retinal perfusion was 77.86 (standard deviation [SD] = 29.80) ml/100ml/min. Perfusion measurements correlated strongly within a single session (r = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.880–0.980], P < 0.001) and between the two sessions based on a single run (r = 0.80 [0.582–0.913], P < 0.001), and two runs (r = 0.80 [0.479–0.918], P < 0.001). There were mean differences of 2.69 [16.85 to –22.23] ml/100ml/min for intraday measures, –7.44 [27.45 to –42.32] ml/100ml/min for single‐run interday measures, and 5.73 [28.71 to –40.17] ml/100ml/min for two‐run interday measures, but none were significant (all P > 0.05).Data ConclusionQuantitative ASL‐MRI measurements of chorio‐retinal blood perfusion showed high intra‐ and interday repeatability. The ASL‐MRI technique provides reliable measures of chorio‐retinal perfusion in vivo.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:966–974.
Messy Play Therapy in the Treatment of Food Aversion in a Patient With Intestinal Failure: Our Experience
Authors: Chiatto Fabrizia , Coletta Riccardo , Aversano Andrea , Warburton Tracy , Forsythe Lynette , Morabito Antonino 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundFood aversion (FA) is an eating behavior where children refuse solid or fluid intake. FA can compromise the weaning off parenteral nutrition (PN) in children with intestinal failure (IF), reducing their quality of life (QoL). Around 25% of children with IF experience FA, but few data are available on interventions to get over FA. Messy play therapy (MPT) uses sensory activities to provide another meaningful avenue for learning in children by creating a fun way to experience new textures. This study aims to assess the efficacy of MPT in FA.MethodsDemographic data and MPT intervention were retrospectively recorded between 2004 and 2017. Food was categorized by tastes and textures. Data are expressed as median and interquartile range (25%–75%).ResultsTwelve children were identified. MPT was started at 9 (6–16) months with an enrolling time within the program of 10.11 (7.75–12.5) months. MPT was ended after 19.5 (16.75–28.5) months, and all patients achieved tolerance to oral diet. Significant improvement in savory (P = .001), sweet (P = .002), and mixed texture (P = .001) of food intake was reported. Better QoL and mealtimes with family were reported at median follow‐up of 39 (24–56) months.ConclusionsMPT seems to be a positive intervention to overcome FA. In our experience, the children have gone from not tolerating any intake to tolerating an oral diet, which means enjoying their mealtimes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of MPT in a larger scale of patients.
Applicability of Standardized Early Fetal Heart Examination in the Obese Population
Authors: Asoglu Mehmet Resit , Yao Ruofan , Seger Lindsey , Turan Ozhan Mehmet , Turan Sifa 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of obesity on early evaluation of fetal cardiac landmarks using a standardized examination method at the time of nuchal translucency scan.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of an ongoing prospective cohort at high risk for congenital heart defects. We used a standardized examination protocol using 2‐dimensional sonography with power Doppler in the evaluation of fetal cardiac landmarks consisting of 4‐chamber view, outflow tract relationship, and transverse arches view. The study population was stratified based on maternal body mass index into nonobese (<30 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Groups were compared in terms of satisfactory evaluation of fetal cardiac landmarks, transvaginal sonography use, and scan times required for the evaluations. Subanalysis was performed by further categorizing obesity into nonmorbid obesity (30.0–39.9 kg/m2) and morbid obesity (≥40 kg/m2).ResultsA total of 190 patients were evaluated. Of these, 48.4% (n = 92) were obese. The most common indication for fetal cardiac assessment was maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus (42.6%). Transvaginal sonography was utilized in one nonobese woman (1.4%) and 11 obese women (12%) (P = .002). The satisfactory evaluation of 4‐chamber view, outflow tract relationship, transverse arches view, and all views were not significantly different between groups (P > .05). The scan time was about 5 minutes longer in the obese group compared with nonobese group (P = .020).ConclusionsObesity does not hamper early evaluation of fetal cardiac landmarks around the time of nuchal translucency scan. However, obese patients are more likely to require transvaginal examinations.