bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monogrammatic Revival in the Carolingian World
Authors: Garipzanov Ildar 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This chapter contextualizes the discussion of ‘monogrammatic initials’ and their wider cultural settings by focusing on their development in Carolingian gospel-books and sacramentaries, and shows the likely impact of contemporary Christological and Eucharistic debates on the appearance of new monogrammatic forms in such media. It also offers a contextualized discussion of royal, episcopal, and papal monograms and their imitations on coins, charters, epigraphs, and public monuments, as well as in manuscripts in Carolingian Europe. Thereafter, it examines the text traditionally known as De inventione linguarum, and its section on monograms in particular, in the context of a monogrammatic revival in Carolingian manuscript culture, and emphasizes the profound difference between this scribal phenomenon and a much broader public use of monograms in late antiquity.
Folk Epistemology and Epistemic Closure
Authors: Kraft Tim , Wiegmann Alex 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
According to epistemic closure, if someone knows some proposition P and also knows that P entails Q, she knows Q as well. This is often defended by appealing to its intuitiveness. Only recently, however, was epistemic closure put to the empirical test: Turri ran experiments in which closure is violated in folk knowledge ascriptions surprisingly often. The chapter authors disagree with this diagnosis. It is by no means obvious which experimentally testable hypothesis proponents of epistemic closure should accept. The chapter formulates a different hypothesis and argues that it is more apt for empirically testing epistemic closure. In a series of experiments the chapter authors manipulated the strength of entailment between two propositions and found that the stronger the entailment, the lower the proportion of participants who violated closure, indicating folk knowledge ascriptions are sensitive to entailment. The chapter concludes that closure is a principle of folk epistemology after all.
Transparency and Self-Knowledge
Authors: Byrne Alex 
Published: May 2018

AbstractT&SK sets out and defends a theory of self-knowledge—knowledge of one’s mental states. Inspired by Gareth Evans’ discussion of self-knowledge in his The Varieties of Reference, the basic idea is that one comes to know that one is in a mental state M by an inference from a worldly or environmental premise to the conclusion that one is in M. (Typically the worldly premise will not be about anything mental.) The mind, on this account, is “transparent”: self-knowledge is achieved by an “outward glance” at the corresponding tract of the world, not by an “inward glance” at one’s own mind. Belief is the clearest case, with the inference being from ‘p’ to ‘I believe that p.’ One serious problem with this idea is that the inference seems terrible, because ‘p’ is at best very weak evidence that one believes that p. Another is that the idea seems not to generalize. For example, what is the worldly premise corresponding to ‘I intend to ϕ,’ or ‘I feel a pain’? T&SK argues that both problems can be solved, and explains how the account covers perception, sensation, desire, intention, emotion, memory, imagination, and thought. The result is a unified theory of self-knowledge that explains the epistemic security of beliefs about one’s mental states (privileged access), as well as the fact that one has a special first-person way of knowing about one’s mental states (peculiar access).
The use of deep learning to automate the segmentation of the skeleton from CT volumes of pigs1
Authors: Kvam Johannes , Gangsei Lars Erik , Kongsro Jørgen , Schistad Solberg Anne H 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) scanning of pigs has been shown to produce detailed phenotypes useful in pig breeding. Due to the large number of individuals scanned and corresponding large data sets, there is a need for automatic tools for analysis of these data sets. In this paper, the feasibility of deep learning for fully automatic segmentation of the skeleton of pigs from CT volumes is explored. To maximize performance, given the training data available, a series of problem simplifications are applied. The deep-learning approach can replace our currently used semiautomatic solution, with increased robustness and little or no need for manual control. Accuracy was highly affected by training data, and expanding the training set can further increase performance making this approach especially promising.
Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy in the management of cancer therapy-induced mucositis, dermatitis and lymphedema
Authors: Bensadoun René-Jean 
Published: May 2018

Purpose or reviewThere is a large body of evidence supporting the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) also known as PhotoBioModulation (PBM) when used for the prevention and/or treatment of oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, or high-dose chemotherapy regimens. This review aims at giving the state of the art of this technique in this indication.Recent findingsRecent advances in LLLT/PBM technology, together with a better understanding of mechanisms involved and dosimetric parameters may lead to the management of a broader range of complications associated with cancer treatment. This could enhance patient adherence to cancer therapy, and improve quality of life and treatment outcomes.SummaryThe article discusses LLLT/PBM mechanisms of action, dosimetry, and safety, and aims to identify some cancer treatment side-effects for which LLLT/PBM may prove to be effective (oral mucositis, radiation dermatitis, lymphedema). In addition, LLLT/PBM parameters for each of these complications are suggested and future research directions are discussed.
Supporting Development During Military Deployment and After April 2018
Authors: Trier Katherine A. , Pappas Demetra , Bovitz Bryan , Augustyn Marilyn 
Published: May 2018

CASE: Ryan is a 6-year-old child new to your primary care practice after relocating from out of state with his father and younger sister. Ryan's grandmother recently expressed concerns about Ryan's social skills and behavior. He was subsequently diagnosed by a developmental and behavioral pediatrician with autism spectrum disorder, global developmental delay, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. At your first visit with Ryan, his father provides the following history: When Ryan was 3 years old, he was living with his mother and infant sister while his father was serving his fourth tour of duty with the marines in Afghanistan. One night, while Ryan was sleeping in bed with his mother, she died suddenly from a pulmonary embolism. Ryan's father was then called home from Afghanistan to take care of the children.
Ryan's father explains that this was his first time serving as a primary caregiver for any prolonged period. He felt overwhelmed and unprepared, both cognitively and emotionally, to return from a combat zone and assume full-time, single-parent responsibilities. Ryan's father admitted knowing little about child development and had not had sustained interactions with his own children because of frequent deployments. He did not appreciate the delays and atypicalities in Ryan's development until he moved back home with his own mother and she expressed concerns. Ryan's father had his own psychological, emotional, and physical challenges from participating in active combat, including chronic pain in his shoulder from multiple gunshot wounds. Despite moving back home to be close to his family, Ryan's father admits feeling isolated and reports that “no one knows what it feels like.”
How would you provide unique support to Ryan and his family? What treatment modalities are particularly important to emphasize?
Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Secondary to Diffuse Non-necrotizing Anterior Scleritis: A Clinicopathological Report
Authors: Khoo Lin Wei , Attzs Michelle , Srinivasan Sathish , Roberts Fiona 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To report a case of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) secondary to diffuse non-necrotizing anterior scleritis (DNNAS).

Method:
Interventional case report with clinicopathologic correlation. A 69-year-old white woman with known Crohn disease presented with DNNAS. The acute inflammatory phase was treated with topical and systemic steroids. After DNNAS, she developed secondary LSCD with loss of limbal palisades of Vogt and conjunctivalization of the corneal surface and corneal haze. She underwent superficial keratectomy combined with autologous limbal stem cell grafting from the fellow eye. The keratectomy specimen was sent for pathological examination.

Results:
There were no intraoperative or post-operative complications. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry showed a cytokeratin 19–positive and cytokeratin 3– and cytokeratin 12 negative epithelium in keeping with a conjunctival phenotype on the corneal surface.

Conclusions:
LSCD can be a rare complication of DNNAS. After control of ocular surface inflammation, autologous limbal stem cell grafting and amniotic membrane transplantation can be effective in normalizing the ocular surface.
Changes in Physical and Occupational Therapy Students' Self-efficacy Using an Interprofessional Case-based Educational Experience
Authors: Ivey Carole K. , Bowman Dixie H. , Lockeman Kelly S. 
Published: May 2018

Introduction.
The Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education and the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education require the integration of interprofessional education (IPE) into their respective educational programs. This follows reports from the Institute of Medicine and the World Health Organization that highlight the importance of IPE to prepare professionals for interprofessional collaborative practice. However, information related to practical strategies to incorporate learning experiences into the curriculum is sparse. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of an interprofessional simulation on the self-efficacy of physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) students and to explore student perceptions of the IPE experience to better understand their engagement in learning.

Methods.
The study sample included 51 first-year PT students and 36 third year OT students, all enrolled in a case-based class, respectively. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was used to examine changes in self-efficacy for interprofessional learning among participants after an interprofessional simulation activity. Participants completed the Self-Efficacy for Interprofessional Experiential Learning (SEIEL) survey 1 week before the simulation activity (pretest) and 1 week after (posttest.) Qualitative methods were used to gather feedback from participants about the learning activity.

Results.
Self-efficacy scores for OT students and PT students on each SEIEL subscale were calculated. For the interprofessional interaction subscale, there was a significant main effect between pretest and posttest scores, with posttest scores higher than pretest scores. There was no difference based on whether they were an OT or PT student. Similarly, there was a significant main effect between pretest and posttest scores on the interprofessional team evaluation and feedback subscale, whereas there was no significant effect based on student discipline. Both OT and PT students reported they gained knowledge about the other profession's role, scope of practice, goals, and evaluation and treatment activities and described the opportunity to plan and problem solve as the most helpful aspect of this learning activity. Their responses indicated that they perceived the greatest learning through the direct hands-on time with the standardized patients and the rest of the time was not valuable as they were just watching.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Occupational therapy and PT students benefited equally with improved self-efficacy and positive learning outcomes. In a time with many uncertainties in IPE, this study provides evidence that a single, brief learning activity can be beneficial.
Comparison of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography and transient elastography for prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Yoon Jun Sik , Lee Yu Rim , Kweon Young-Oh , Tak Won Young , Jang Se Young , Park Soo Young , Hur Keun , Park Jung Gil , Lee Hye Won , Chun Jae Min , Han Young Seok , Lee Won Kee 
Published: May 2018

Background
To compare the clinical value of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography and transient elastography (TE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence prediction after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and to investigate other predictors of HCC recurrence.

Patients and methods
Between 2011 and 2016, 130 patients with HCC who underwent ARFI elastography and TE within 6 months before curative RFA were prospectively enrolled. Independent predictors of HCC recurrence were analyzed separately using ARFI elastography and TE. ARFI elastography and TE accuracy to predict HCC recurrence was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results
Of all included patients (91 men; mean age, 63.5 years; range: 43–84 years), 51 (42.5%) experienced HCC recurrence during the follow-up period (median, 21.9 months). In multivariable analysis using ARFI velocity, serum albumin and ARFI velocity [hazard ratios: 2.873; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.806–4.571; P<0.001] were independent predictors of recurrence, and in multivariable analysis using TE value, serum albumin and TE value (hazard ratios: 1.028; 95% CI: 1.013–1.043; P<0.001) were independent predictors of recurrence. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of ARFI elastography (0.821; 95% CI: 0.747–0.895) was not statistically different from that of TE (0.793; 95% CI: 0.712–0.874) for predicting HCC recurrence (P=0.827). The optimal ARFI velocity and TE cutoff values were 1.6 m/s and 14 kPa, respectively.

Conclusion
ARFI elastography and TE yield comparable predictors of HCC recurrence after RFA.
Safety of Ovarian Tissue Transplantation in Patients With Borderline Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Masciangelo Rossella , Bosisio Chiara , Donnez Jacques , Amorim Christiani A. , Dolmans Marie-Madeleine 
Published: May 2018

(Abstracted from Human Reprod 2018;33:212–219)
Ten percent to 20% of all ovarian epithelial tumors are borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs). These low-grade malignancies rarely metastasize.
Usability of Immunohistochemistry in Forensic Samples With Varying Decomposition
Authors: Lesnikova Iana , Schreckenbach Marc Niclas , Kristensen Maria Pihlmann , Papanikolaou Liv Lindegaard , Hamilton-Dutoit Stephen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important diagnostic tool in anatomic and surgical pathology but is used less frequently in forensic pathology. Degradation of tissue because of postmortem decomposition is believed to be a major limiting factor, although it is unclear what impact such degradation actually has on IHC staining validity. This study included 120 forensic autopsy samples of liver, lung, and brain tissues obtained for diagnostic purposes. The time from death to autopsy ranged between 1 and more than 14 days. Samples were prepared using the tissue microarray technique. The antibodies chosen for the study included KL1 (for staining bile duct epithelium), S100 (for staining glial cells and myelin), vimentin (for endothelial cells in cerebral blood vessels), and CD45 (for pulmonary lymphocytes). Slides were evaluated by light microscopy. Immunohistochemistry reactions were scored according to a system based on the extent and intensity of the positive stain. An overall correlation between the postmortem interval and the IHC score for all tissue samples was found. Samples from decedents with a postmortem interval of 1 to 3 days showed positive staining with all antibodies, whereas samples from decedents with a longer postmortem interval showed decreased staining rates. Our results suggest that IHC analysis can be successfully used for postmortem diagnosis in a range of autopsy samples showing lesser degrees of decomposition.
Adolescent Seizure in the Emergency Department Due to Concomitant Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Baum Beau , Ingaramo Oscar , Chao David 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Brugada syndrome is an increasingly discussed entity in the emergency medicine and cardiology literature. However, there are few cases reported in the pediatric population. Seizure is a presentation common to pediatric emergency departments. This case report describes the clinical course, workup, and differential diagnosis of a 15-year-old male adolescent with first-time seizure and Brugada pattern on electrocardiogram. A brief review of the literature follows the case presentation.
Does Hormone Therapy Use Increase Perioperative Complications in Abdominally Based Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction?
Authors: Tran Bao Ngoc N. , Ruan Qing Z. , Cohen Justin B. , Kamali Parisa , Doval Andres F. , Tobias Adam M. , Singhal Dhruv , Lin Samuel J. , Lee Bernard T. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
The use of hormone therapy (tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors) has been shown to increase venous thromboembolism. As breast cancer patients undergoing microsurgical breast reconstruction are often receiving hormone therapy, it is unclear whether this increased thrombotic risk is associated with increased flap loss.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed on patients undergoing abdominally based microsurgical breast reconstruction at an academic institution from 2004 to 2015. Patients were divided by use of hormone therapy at the time of surgery. Complication rates, including complete or partial flap loss and overall complications, were compared and analyzed using univariate and logistic regression models.

Results:
Among a total of 853 patients (1253 flaps), 193 patients (269 flaps) were receiving hormone therapy and 660 patients (984 flaps) were not. Patients on hormone therapy had higher rates of previous breast surgery, advanced cancer stage, chemoradiation before reconstruction, and delayed and unilateral reconstruction. There were no statistically significant differences between hormone therapy patients and nontherapy patients in complete flap loss (1.0 percent versus 1.1 percent) and partial flap loss (2.2 percent versus 1.5 percent). Hypertension and previous breast surgery were the only independent risk factors for minor complications (adjusted OR, 2.1; 95 percent CI, 1.3 to 3.6; p = 0.005; and adjusted OR, 1.8; 95 percent CI, 1.2 to 2.7; p = 0.009, respectively) and overall complications (adjusted OR, 2.2; 95 percent CI, 1.3 to 3.7; p = 0.004; and adjusted OR, 1.9; 95 percent CI, 1.3 to 3.0; p = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions:
Hormone therapy was not associated with a higher incidence of complete or partial flap loss or overall complications. The authors propose an individualized approach to the preoperative cessation of tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Motiva Ergonomix Round SilkSurface Silicone Breast Implants: Outcome Analysis of 100 Primary Breast Augmentations over 3 Years and Technical Considerations
Authors: Huemer Georg M. , Wenny Raphael , Aitzetmüller Matthias M. , Duscher Dominik 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Macrotextured anatomical implants are frequently used in aesthetic breast surgery; however, several safety concerns linked to this implant type have been raised recently. In an attempt to address these shortcomings, Motiva Ergonomix implants have been introduced. Here, the authors describe the current world’s largest experience with these novel devices in aesthetic breast surgery and evaluate the postoperative outcome of 100 primary breast augmentations.

Methods:
A retrospective assessment of 100 consecutive primary breast augmentation patients over a period of 3 years was conducted. Patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months postoperatively. Demographics, surgical data, and complications were recorded. In addition, a survey regarding the breast augmentation outcome was performed.

Results:
The reasons for surgery were mainly hypoplasia (52 percent) and ptosis (28 percent). All implants were placed by means of an inframammary approach in a submuscular pocket, and the average implant volume was 370 cc (range, 150 to 700 cc) with mostly full projection (65 percent). The revision rate was 7 percent. The authors observed four cases of implant malpositioning, one implant rupture, one implant exchange for aesthetic reasons, and one hematoma evacuation. Nevertheless, the authors achieved a 100 percent satisfaction rate with the postsurgical outcome among both patients and surgeons.

Conclusions:
Motiva Ergonomix implants provide reliable and satisfying results for both patients and surgeons. They can be used safely and effectively for aesthetic breast surgery. However, like all breast prostheses, Motiva Ergonomix implants are not completely free of complications and should be used only with advanced technique to achieve optimal results.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
The Impact of Mastectomy Weight on Reconstructive Trends and Outcomes in Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Progressively Greater Complications with Larger Breast Size
Authors: Frey Jordan D. , Salibian Ara A. , Karp Nolan S. , Choi Mihye 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Reconstructive trends and outcomes for nipple-sparing mastectomy continue to be defined. The graduated impact of breast size and mastectomy weight remains incompletely evaluated.

Methods:
All patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy from 2006 to June of 2016 were identified. Demographics and outcomes were analyzed and stratified by mastectomy weight of 800 g or higher (large group), between 799 and 400 g (intermediate group), and less than 400 g (small group).

Results:
Of 809 nipple-sparing mastectomies, 66 (8.2 percent) had mastectomy weights of 800 g or higher, 328 (40.5 percent) had mastectomy weights between 799 and 400 g, and 415 nipple-sparing mastectomies (51.3 percent) had mastectomy weights less than 400 g. Nipple-sparing mastectomies in the large group were significantly more likely to be associated with major mastectomy flap necrosis (p = 0.0005), complete nipple-areola complex necrosis (p < 0.0001), explantation (p < 0.0001), cellulitis treated with oral (p = 0.0008) and intravenous (p = 0.0126) antibiotics, abscess (p = 0.0254), and seroma (p = 0.0126) compared with those in the intermediate group. Compared with small nipple-sparing mastectomies, patients in the large group had greater major mastectomy flap necrosis (p < 0.0001), complete (p < 0.0001) and partial (p = 0.0409) nipple-areola complex necrosis, explantation (p < 0.0001), cellulitis treated with oral (p < 0.0001) and intravenous (p < 0.0001) antibiotics, abscess (p = 0.0119), and seroma (p < 0.0001). Patients in the intermediate group were more likely to experience major (p < 0.0001) and minor (p < 0.0001) mastectomy flap necrosis, complete (p = 0.0015) and partial (p < 0.0001) nipple-areola complex necrosis, cellulitis treated with oral antibiotics (p = 0.0062), and seroma (p = 0.0248) compared with those undergoing small nipple-sparing mastectomies. Larger mastectomy weights were significant predictors of complications on logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion:
Reconstructive and ischemic complications in nipple-sparing mastectomy are progressively greater as mastectomy weight and breast size increase.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.