bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Eigentlich ist unser Studium wie eine Reise nach Deutschland – nur viel öfter!“
Authors: Sars Paul , Jentges Sabine 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
An der Radboud-Universität in Nimwegen (Niederlande) erfolgte 2012 eine curriculare Neukonzeption des Bachelorstudiengangs Deutsche Sprache und Kultur, die die Grenznähe der Universität nutzt und sich durch intensive Kontakte mit Zielsprachensprechern
In diesem Beitrag ist jede Personennennung generisch zu verstehen, es sind also stets beide Geschlechter gemeint.
und regelmäßige Aufenthalte im deutschsprachigen Raum auszeichnet. Die erfolgten curricularen Maßnahmen sowie angestrebten Abschlussqualifikationen werden in diesem Beitrag in einem breiteren historischen und aktuellen Kontext vorgestellt und evaluiert.
An Overview of the Shared Task on Machine Translation in Indian Languages (MTIL) – 2017
Authors: Kumar M. Anand , Premjith B. , Singh Shivkaran , Rajendran S. , Soman K. P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In recent years, the multilingual content over the internet has grown exponentially together with the evolution of the internet. The usage of multilingual content is excluded from the regional language users because of the language barrier. So, machine translation between languages is the only possible solution to make these contents available for regional language users. Machine translation is the process of translating a text from one language to another. The machine translation system has been investigated well already in English and other European languages. However, it is still a nascent stage for Indian languages. This paper presents an overview of the Machine Translation in Indian Languages shared task conducted on September 7–8, 2017, at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India. This machine translation shared task in Indian languages is mainly focused on the development of English-Tamil, English-Hindi, English-Malayalam and English-Punjabi language pairs. This shared task aims at the following objectives: (a) to examine the state-of-the-art machine translation systems when translating from English to Indian languages; (b) to investigate the challenges faced in translating between English to Indian languages; (c) to create an open-source parallel corpus for Indian languages, which is lacking. Evaluating machine translation output is another challenging task especially for Indian languages. In this shared task, we have evaluated the participant’s outputs with the help of human annotators. As far as we know, this is the first shared task which depends completely on the human evaluation.
Toward a Theology of Cosmic Hope: From Theo-anthropology to Theo-cosmology
Authors: Kim Junghyung 
Published: December 2018

Summary
This article seeks to lay a more solid foundation for the contemporary paradigm shift in the Christian theological thinking – that is, from theo-anthropology to theo-cosmology. In the new paradigm cosmic hope for the completion of the trinitarian project of creation, instead of human redemption from sin and death, comes to the fore as the most comprehensive horizon of Christian thinking. For this purpose the author reconstructs the underlying logic of the biblical faith in a narrative form from creation to eschatology.
Gewahrte Haltung
Authors: Schmidt Jochen 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Haltung der Person – verstanden als ein vielschichtiger, leib-seelischer Vorgang, nicht lediglich als innere Einstellung – ist in den letzten Jahren verstärkt in das Interesse philosophischer Forschung gerückt. Da Haltung mit Tugend nah verwandt, aber von dieser unterscheidbar ist, gehen von Beiträgen zur Philosophie der Haltung produktive Impulse für das Nachdenken über die Potentiale und die Grenzen der Tugendethik aus. Der Aufsatz demonstriert dies entlang zweier gegen das neuerliche Aufleben von Tugendethik artikulierter Vorbehalte, dem Inauthentizitätsvorbehalt und dem Überforderungsvorbehalt. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die für das Phänomen der gewahrten Haltung kennzeichnende Differenz von äußerer und innerer Haltung.
How does Farmer Preference matter in Crop variety Adoption? The case of Improved Cassava varieties’ Adoption in Ghana
Authors: Acheampong Patricia Pinamang , Owusu Victor , Nurah Gyeile 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Ghana’s National Agricultural Research Systems have officially released 24 improved cassava varieties, which are high yielding, disease and pest resistant and early maturing. However, adoption of these varieties by mainly smallholder farmers is very low, leading to low yields and incomes. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the development and adoption of improved cassava varieties by assessing the preferences of farmers for cassava variety traits. The study explored Ghanaian cassava producers’ decision-making behaviour towards variety selection and the values they place on different cassava traits. It employed mixed logit and latent class models to estimate the values place on cassava traits, by using choice experiment data of 450 cassava producers from Ghana. Results revealed farmers’ preferences for longevity of root storage in the soil and disease resistance traits of cassava. The latent class model revealed that male youths were more likely to participate in improved varieties that take into account in-soil storage and multiple usages. The need for agricultural research systems to focus on other traits in addition to high yielding and disease resistance in order to boost adoption and increase production is imperative.
Palm Leaf Manuscripts from Royal Surakarta, Indonesia: Deterioration Phenomena and Care Practices
Authors: Rachman Yeni Budi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The aims of this research were to identify deterioriation processes of lontar (palm leaf) manuscripts and to describe traditional handling and care of such manuscripts stored in the library of Rekso Pustoko, Surakarta. Environmental conditions were monitored and interviews regarding handling and preservation practices were conducted; furthermore, the current physical condition of lontar manuscripts was documented within a survey. Librarians still use some traditional methods to clean and improve the flexibility of palm leaves such as applying a mixture of minyak sereh (lemon grass oil) and bubuk kemiri (candlenut powder) to the surface of the leaves. This paper recommends some further preservation me-thods in order to prevent deterioration and damage in the future.
The roles of radio-functional natural chemicals for the development of cancer radiation therapy
Authors: Jiang Lei , Iwahashi Hitoshi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) targeted at killing cancer cells also damages normal human cells and tissues through oxidative stress. Thus, the practical treatment of cancer using radiation therapy (RT) is sometimes limited because of the acute side effects in individual patients. In addition, some radioresistant cancers are difficult to treat with limited doses of IR, which leads to treatment failure. Natural chemicals that have unique physiological functions and low toxicity offer significant advantages for the development of new radiation therapies. Natural chemicals can counteract the oxidative damage caused by IR during RT because of their strong antioxidant ability. Certain natural chemicals can also serve as radiosensitizers that can enhance the cancer-killing effects. This review article discusses the main roles of radio-functional natural chemicals in the development of cancer RT.
The Effects of Sanctions on the Lending Policy and the Value of International Banks: the Case of Iran
Authors: Hundt Steffen , Horsch Andreas 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
After being in force for several years, sanctions against Iran were partly lifted on 16 January 2016, reopening business options for the financial industry. This paper investigates whether a breach of internationally imposed economic sanctions had a negative impact on the value of a bank that decided to implicitly or explicitly violate those sanctions. Using event study methodology, our analysis provides evidence that a breach of Iran-related sanctions by foreign banks caused considerable wealth reductions for their shareholders who finally bear the corresponding fining-costs. The results also show that bank shareholders do not perceive the lifting of sanctions as being good news, implying that they lost faith in their bank’s ability to establish a sufficient compliance and due diligence system for Iran-related transactions. Finally, the study shows that the announced fining for a breach of sanctions does not induce spillover effects to non-fined banks. Thus, the study provides important insights on reasons of the current shortage of foreign lending toward Iran.
Impact of Supply Chain Solutions on Environmental Performance of Biomass Use – LCA-based Research Case
Authors: Nitkiewicz Tomasz , Ociepa-Kubicka Agnieszka 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The article presents the activities of selected company - biomass manufacturer and user - with regard to environmental impact of biomass supply chain solutions. The biomass production facility of Biomass User Company is one of the most modern plant in Central Europe. It uses wooden and agricultural biomass to produce heat in biomass-fired steam boiler. The objective of the paper is to investigate the environmental impact with the use of life cycle assessment method. In our study, we define different scenarios for biomass transportation, concerning its supply as well as distribution. Life cycle assessment method is used to estimate environmental impact and to perform sensitivity analysis on transport modes, fuel mix structure and destination of self-cropped biomass. LCA ReCiPe endpoint indicator is used to measure environmental performance. As the results show, transport efforts are not significant factor while environmental impacts are concerned but are rather impact intensive type of activity and should be addressed with company environmental policies.
The effects of the Current Crisis on the Management of Credit Institutions in Romania
Authors: Drăgoi Elena Violeta , Preda Larisa Elena 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that the economy, worldwide, goes through a phase of economic unbalances. Thus the need arises, need that is caused by psychological and practical reasons, to be aware of these turbulent changes, to understand and to formulate measures to combat the current situation which is deemed to be the most severe economic and financial crisis from World War II up to present day.
The crisis has rapidly expanded worldwide, national economies encountering difficulties of various degrees, both within the banking system and the real economy. The impact of European countries has been and continues to be an alarmingly severe, the crisis affecting banks in a series of similar ways to the impact it had on American banks.
In writing this article, I started from the premise that highlighting the situation of credit institutions represents a true barometer of the actual state of an economy, and continuous observation, analysis and interpretation of bank performances represents a condition of progress and sustainable economic development.
Entrepreneurial Education in Schools – a Prerequisite in European Context
Authors: Serb Tanislav Maria Cristina , Oachesu Madalina Maria , Popescu Delia Mioara 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In our complex society, based on knowledge, is important the introduction and development in formal and informal training of transversal competences especially entrepreneurship, to provide competences, knowledge and attitudes which are essential for the development of an entrepreneurial culture in Europe. Starting from this premise, although some countries have already committed to encourage entrepreneurial education for more than a decade, others are just starting.
The present article focuses on identifying the impact that entrepreneurial development has both in Romania and in the EU countries, and the results shown that the measures taken follow the reaching of Target Europa 2020. The paper presents the social context regarding the introduction of entrepreneurship in initial training and in non-formal training, the causes, the actors involved and the measures taken by the EU Member States regarding this phenomenon. The conclusion of the study show that entrepreneurial education in initial training represents a complex task, as more than three quarters of the countries/regions of Europe give autonomy to training institutions regarding the curricular aspects or have no regulations/recommendation at all regarding entrepreneurial education during initial training.
The Upshot of Money Supply and Inflation in Nigeria
Authors: Ditimi Amassoma , Sunday Keji , Emma-Ebere Onyedikachi O. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This study empirically investigates the upshot of money supply on inflation in Nigeria using annual time series data spanning from 1970 to 2016. Co-integration and Autoregressive Dynamic Error Correction Model (ADLECM) approach was utilized. The results showed that money supply does not considerably influence inflation both in the long and short run possibly because the country is in recession. The ECM has the correct sign of negative and it is significant meaning that about 21% of the errors are corrected yearly. The Granger causality outcome demonstrates that, there is no causality between money supply and inflation in Nigeria within the study period and vice-versa. The implication of this is often that there are different economic conditions which are key determinant of inflation in Nigeria. The study recommends that the government should diversify the economy, minimize importation by encouraging local production of products and services. The CBN should guarantee an exchange rate policy that is essentially determined by the state of the economy and not by speculators being a net importation economy. Also, the CBN should look inwards into the current interest rate and see how it can be regulated in such a way that will encourage private and foreign investors to be able to invest in the country. This in turn, successively increases income, infrastructure development and economic growth at large.
Making Cases: On the Processuality of Casings in Social Research
Authors: Wagenknecht Susann , Pflüger Jessica 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungWas ist der ‚Fall‘ in empirischen Fallstudien? Jenseits gebräuchlicher Handbuchdefinitionen schlagen wir vor, die (Re-)Konstruktion von Fällen als eine kontinuierliche Anstrengung zu verstehen und alscasingzu charakterisieren. In diesem Beitrag heben wir die Rolle voncasingsfür den Forschungsprozess hervor und fragen, wie, wann und warum in sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung ‚gefällt‘ wird—Fragen, die ein pragmatisches Verständnis davon eröffnen, was Fälle undcasingseigentlich sind und was sie leisten können. Anhand einer Diskussion zweier klassischer Fallstudien unterscheiden wir zwei Formen descasings(theoretisch vs. empirisch geleitetescasing) und stellen ein prozessuales Fallverständnis vor, das den gegenwärtigen Diskurs über ‚Prozessuale Soziologie‘ und ‚sozialwissenschaftliches Theoretisieren‘ methodologisch komplementieren möchte.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanorods as an Adsorbent for Cr(VI) Sequestration
Authors: Ata Sadia , Tabassum Anila , Bibi Ismat , Ghafoor Samina , Ahad Abdul , Bhatti Muhammad Arif , Islam Atif , Rizvi Hina , Iqbal Munawar 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were fabricated through hydrothermal route and employed for the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous medium. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) was used as a zinc precursor and Triton-x 100 was used as a capping agent. As synthesized ZnO nanorods were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. The adsorption affecting parameters were investigated for maximum adsorption of Cr(VI) onto ZnO nanorods. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics were applied for adsorption mechanism evaluation. Maximum adsorption of Cr(VI) ions (250 mg/g) was achieved using 0.055 g/L ZnO dose at pH 2.0 for the contact time of 30 min. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm explained well the Cr(VI) adsorption onto ZnO nanorods. The Cr(VI) adsorption onto ZnO was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. In view of promising adsorption efficiency, ZnO nanorods could possibly be used for Cr(VI) ions removal from wastewater and also extendable for the adsorption of other heavy metals ions.
İLKOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YAZMA HIZININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: HÖBEK Gürdal , TAŞKAYA Serdarhan Musa 
Published: December 2018

Bu araştırmada, ilkokul öğrencilerinin
yazma hızının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda hazırlanan
araştırma, betimleyici tarama modeline uygun olarak düzenlenmiştir.
Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2015-2016 öğretim yılında Mersin iline bağlı,
Toroslar, Erdemli ve Gülnar ilçelerinde yer alan 8 ilkokulda öğrenim gören
toplam 605 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada veriler doküman inceleme
forumu ve kişisel bilgi forumu ile toplanmıştır. Öğrencilerin yazma hızını
belirlemek için kullanılan metinler, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’nın 2014-2015
Eğitim-öğretim yılında kullandığı Türkçe ders kitaplarından sınıf seviyesine
göre seçilmiştir. Örneklem olarak seçilen okullara 2016 mayıs-haziran aylarında
gidilmiştir. Öğrencilere, yazılı olan yönerge okunduktan sonra önce kişisel
bilgiler forumu araştırmacılar rehberliğinde öğrenciler tarafından doldurulmuş,
devamında araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış olan üç farklı (şiir,
öyküleyici ve bilgilendirici) türde metni kâğıdın alt tarafında oluşturulmuş
alana bitişik eğik el yazı ile yazmaları sağlanmıştır. Öğrencilerin yazma
hızları 1 dakika içerisinde bakarak yazma etkinliğine dayalı olarak
belirlenmiştir. Araştırmacılar
tarafından öğrencilerin bakarak yazdıkları harf sayısı hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmada,
ilkokul öğrencilerinin bitişik eğik yazı ile yazma hızı çeşitli değişkenler
açısından incelenmiştir. Bu değişkenler; cinsiyet, okul öncesi eğitim alma
durumu, kullanılan el, okulların bulunduğu yerleşim yeri ve yazılan metin
türüdür. Araştırmada
elde edilen verilerle ilgili yapılan analizlerde SPSS 16 paket programı
kullanılmıştır. Ölçümler normal dağılım göstermediği için (p&lt;.05) nonparametrik testler (Mann Whitney U
Testi, Kruskal-Wallis H Testi, Friedman
Testi ve Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi) verilere
uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan
elde edilen bulgulara göre, ilkokul öğrencilerinin yazma hızı, okul öncesi
eğitim alma durumu, okulun bulunduğu yerleşim yeri ve yazılan metin türü
değişkenine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Cuando con andar no se anda: el verbo andar en la fraseología del español clásico. Una aportación a la lexicografía histórica
Authors: Serradilla Castaño Ana 
Published: December 2018

Andar es un verbo que, por su capacidad para trasponerse metafóricamente, ha venido formando parte de unidades fraseológicas a lo largo de toda la historia de la lengua española. Covarrubias (1611) recoge una buena muestra de estas expresiones, que ya presentaban un uso figurado en su época: andar a caza de grillos, andar a la cordobana, andar a monte, andar a sombra de tejado, andar de Ceca en Meca, andar de viga en viga, andar en golondros, andar entre la cruz y el agua bendita, andar sobre la maroma, andarse a la flor del berro…El objetivo de este artículo es, por un lado, analizar los valores de andar que lo capacitan para formar parte de estas locuciones; por otro, hacer un recorrido por las unidades fraseológicas con este verbo que Covarrubias recoge en su Tesoro y, a partir de aquí, rastrear sus apariciones en otras obras lexicográficas y documentos de la época que nos permitan conocer su proceso de formación, sus valores, su ámbito sociolingüístico de uso y su evolución en español.
Estudio de la metáfora en los ictiónimos de Canarias: una revisión actualizada con métodos terminológicos
Authors: Monterde Rey Ana María 
Published: December 2018

La escasez de estudios sobre la metáfora en los ictiónimos de Canarias ha motivado la presente investigación. Nuestra muestra se ha extraído de catálogos y bases de datos ictiológicos relevantes publicados en los últimos quince años. Una vez digitalizada la muestra en el gestor de bancos de datos terminológicos MultiTerm, hemos analizado los nombres originados por metáfora y los hemos clasificado en distintas categorías. La investigación se completa con una comparación del único estudio anterior sobre la metáfora en la ictiónimos de nuestras islas. Con ello podremos entender mejor la gran riqueza de la creación metafórica y nuestra variedad dialectal de Canarias, así como proporcionar un listado actual de los nombres comunes de los peces en Canarias.
La representación de la resemantización en los diccionarios del español
Authors: Santamaría Pérez Isabel 
Published: December 2018

Nuestro objetivo final es el estudio de los neologismos semánticos a partir de los datos recogidos en el banco de OBNEO, pero previamente a esta tarea queremos observar cómo se trata este fenómeno léxico-genético en las obras de referencia de la lengua española, sobre todo en los diccionarios. Nos fijaremos en las marcas valorativas (figurado, especialmente, por extensión, por analogía) que se emplean para indicar las relaciones semánticas entre los diferentes significados de una entrada.
Brevísimas notas sobre <i>Violencia en cinco ciudades colombianas a finales del siglo XX y principios del siglo XXI</i>
Authors: Alves Jaime Amparo 
Published: December 2018

Basados en el marco conceptual propuesto por Álvaro Camacho y Álvaro Guzmán en su libro pionero Colombia: ciudad y violencia (1990), los distintos autores de Violencia en cinco ciudades colombianas a finales del siglo XX y principios del siglo XXI presentan un diagnóstico impresionante de las múltiples fases de la violencia en Colombia en los últimos treinta años (1980-2012).
¿Qué hizo que Medellín pasara de ser la ciudad más violenta de Colombia en los años 90 a la “tensa calma” de la primera década del siglo XXI? ¿Cuál es la relación entre violencia política y violencia callejera en las periferias urbanas de Bogotá? ¿Cómo los habitantes de los barrios populares de Cali recuerdan los “tiempos de la violencia política”, qué visión tienen del Estado y cuál es el impacto del cartel de Cali en la estructura paramafiosa actual? ¿Por qué Barranquilla y Buenaventura, dos ciudades-puerto, tienen trayectorias de violencia tan distintas? ¿Cuál es el papel de las élites económicas en la economía política de la violencia en la Colombia de inicios del siglo XXI?
La construcción del dato con valores lingüísticos usando subconjuntos borrosos
Authors: Acosta Julio 
Published: December 2018

ResumenSe presenta una ajustada síntesis de elementos de lógica difusa y subconjuntosborrosos, sus orígenes y desarrollo hasta la actualidad; elementos de las técnicas de formación y operaciones elementales, para rescatar una analogía existente entre las componentes del indicador de la matriz de datos (dimensión – procedimiento) y los elementos que conforman un subconjunto borroso (calificación – sustento – regla de formación). Se muestra la correspondencia existente entre el modelo cuatripartito de matriz de datos con la formación de los subconjuntos borrosos como modelo para ponderar unidades de análisis que requieran el uso de magnitudes lingüísticas y, eventualmente, cuando sus determinaciones de pertenencia se hallen en un margen de incertidumbre. Desde esa perspectiva se resalta que los modelos difusos no son meras construcciones formales, sino que tienen una interpretación concreta en la realidad de las percepciones humanas. Finalmente, se proveen algunos elementos básicos de las primeras herramientas necesarias para abrir el interrogante si será posible formalizar a través de lógica difusa el modo en que sucede el conocimiento y la valoración en la mente humana.