bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicohort study of change in job strain, poor mental health and incident cardiometabolic disease
Authors: Magnusson Hanson Linda L , Rod Naja Hulvej , Vahtera Jussi , Peristera Paraskevi , Pentti Jaana , Rugulies Reiner , Madsen Ida Elisabeth Huitfeldt , LaMontagne Anthony D , Milner Allison , Lange Theis , Suominen Sakari , Stenholm Sari , Xu Tianwei , Kivimäki Mika , Westerlund Hugo 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesSeveral recent large-scale studies have indicated a prospective association between job strain and coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Job strain is also associated with poorer mental health, a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. This study investigates the prospective relationships between change in job strain, poor mental health and cardiometabolic disease, and whether poor mental health is a potential mediator of the relationship between job strain and cardiometabolic disease.MethodsWe used data from five cohort studies from Australia, Finland, Sweden and UK, including 47 757 men and women. Data on job strain across two measurements 1–5 years apart (time 1 (T1)–time 2 (T2)) were used to define increase or decrease in job strain. Poor mental health (symptoms in the top 25% of the distribution of the scales) at T2 was considered a potential mediator in relation to incident cardiometabolic disease, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, following T2 for a mean of 5–18 years.ResultsAn increase in job strain was associated with poor mental health (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.76), and a decrease in job strain was associated with lower risk in women (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60–0.84). However, no clear association was observed between poor mental health and incident cardiometabolic disease (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96–1.23), nor between increase (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90–1.14) and decrease (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96–1.22) in job strain and cardiometabolic disease.ConclusionsThe results did not support that change in job strain is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease and yielded no support for poor mental health as a mediator.
Prevalence of Self-reported Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Profiles of Health Among Women of Different Generations: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Avery Jodie C. , Moran Lisa J. , Moore Vivienne , Fernandez Renae C. , Whitrow Melissa , Stocks Nigel , Gill Tiffany K. , Musker Michael , Davies Michael , Rumbold Alice 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Although polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a lifelong disorder, very little is understood about the diagnosis and impact of this condition in women outside of the peak reproductive years. We examined the frequency of diagnosed PCOS and concurrent health conditions in women across the lifespan. Methods: Data were analysed from 1509 women aged 15–95 years participating in a cross-sectional, face-to-face population survey in South Australia, 2015. We assessed the prevalence of PCOS in 10-year age groups and the frequency of comorbidities in women with and without PCOS subgrouped by age (< 45, [Formula: see text] 45 years). The main outcome measures were Diagnosed PCOS and other chronic conditions; lifestyle factors. Logistic regression analyses determined the risk of comorbidities in women with PCOS adjusting for age and BMI. Results: Overall prevalence of PCOS was 5.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–6.9%), peaking in the 35–44 year age group (9.1%), and lowest in those aged 15–24 (4.1%) or [Formula: see text] 65 (3.7%) years. Women with PCOS and aged <45 years were more likely to report diabetes (16.7% vs. 3.8%), cardiovascular disease (15.5% vs. 7.2%) and arthritis (15.5% vs. 7.2%) than their peers; these differences were diminished in the [Formula: see text] 45 year age group. The odds of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were more than doubled among women with PCOS (adjOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.49–4.31; adjOR 3.18, 95% CI 1.31–7.68). Conclusion: PCOS is underdiagnosed in young and post-menopausal women. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are key comorbidities requiring greater attention in younger women with PCOS.
Endurance exercise decreases protein synthesis and ER-mitochondria contacts in mouse skeletal muscle
Authors: Merle Audrey , Jollet Maxence , Britto Florian A. , Goustard Bénédicte , Bendridi Nadia , Rieusset Jennifer , Ollendorff Vincent , Favier François B. 
Published: September 2019

Exercise is important to maintain skeletal muscle mass through stimulation of protein synthesis, which is a major ATP-consuming process for cells. However, muscle cells have to face high energy demand during contraction. The present study aimed to investigate protein synthesis regulation during aerobic exercise in mouse hindlimb muscles. Male C57Bl/6J mice ran at 12 m/min for 45 min or at 12 m/min for the first 25 min followed by a progressive increase in velocity up to 20 m/min for the last 20 min. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 40 nmol/g of body weight of puromycin and euthanized by cervical dislocation immediately after exercise cessation. Analysis of gastrocnemius, plantaris, quadriceps, soleus, and tibialis anterior muscles revealed a decrease in protein translation assessed by puromycin incorporation, without significant differences among muscles or running intensities. The reduction of protein synthesis was associated with a marked inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, a mechanism consistent with reduced translation initiation. A slight activation of AMP-activated protein kinase consecutive to the running session was measured but did not correlate with mTORC1 inhibition. More importantly, exercise resulted in a strong upregulation of regulated in development and DNA damage 1 (REDD1) protein and gene expressions, whereas transcriptional regulation of other recognized exercise-induced genes ( IL-6, kruppel-like factor 15, and regulator of calcineurin 1) did not change. Consistently with the recently discovered role of REDD1 on mitochondria-associated membranes, we observed a decrease in mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interaction following exercise. Collectively, these data raise questions concerning the role of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane disruption in the regulation of muscle proteostasis during exercise and, more generally, in cell adaptation to metabolic stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY How muscles regulate protein synthesis to cope with the energy demand during contraction is poorly documented. Moreover, it is unknown whether protein translation is differentially affected among mouse hindlimb muscles under different physiological exercise modalities. We showed here that 45 min of running decreases puromycin incorporation similarly in 5 different mouse muscles. This decrease was associated with a strong increase in regulated in development and DNA damage 1 protein expression and a significant disruption of the mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum interaction.
Role of HPV Genotype, Multiple Infections, and Viral Load on the Risk of High-Grade Cervical Neoplasia
Authors: Adcock Rachael , Cuzick Jack , Hunt William C. , McDonald Ruth M. , Wheeler Cosette M. , Joste Nancy E. , Kinney Walter , Wheeler Cosette M. , Hunt William C. , McDonald Ruth M. , Robertson Michael , Waxman Alan , Jenison Steven , Gage Julia C. , Castle Philip E. , Benard Vicki , Saslow Debbie , Kim Jane J. , Stoler Mark H. , Cuzick Jack , Pressley Giovanna Rossi , English Kevin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing provides a much more sensitive method of detection for high-grade lesions than cytology, but specificity is low. Here, we explore the extent to which full HPV genotyping, viral load, and multiplicity of types can be used to improve specificity.

Methods:
A population-based sample of 47,120 women undergoing cervical screening was tested for 13 high-risk HPV genotypes. Positive predictive values (PPV) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or worse (CIN2+; N = 3,449) and CIN3 or worse (CIN3+; N = 1,475) over 3 years of follow-up were estimated for HPV genotype and viral load. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of CIN2+ or CIN3+ according to genotype, multiplicity of types, and viral load.

Results:
High-risk HPV was detected in 15.4% of women. A hierarchy of HPV genotypes based on sequentially maximizing PPVs for CIN3+ found HPV16&gt;33&gt;31 to be the most predictive, followed sequentially by HPV18&gt;35&gt;58&gt;45&gt;52&gt;59&gt;51&gt;39&gt;56&gt;68. After adjusting for higher ranked genotypes, the inclusion of multiple HPV infections added little to risk prediction. High viral loads for HPV18, 35, 52, and 58 carried more risk than low viral loads for HPV16, 31, and 33. High viral load for HPV16 was significantly more associated with CIN3+ than low viral load.

Conclusions:
HPV genotype and viral load, but not multiplicity of HPV infections, are important predictors of CIN2+ and CIN3+.

Impact:
The ability to identify women at higher risk of CIN2+ and CIN3+ based on both HPV genotype and viral load could be important for individualizing triage plans, particularly as HPV becomes the primary screening test.
AXL Targeting Overcomes Human Lung Cancer Cell Resistance to NK- and CTL-Mediated Cytotoxicity
Authors: Terry Stéphane , Abdou Abderemane , Engelsen Agnete S.T. , Buart Stéphanie , Dessen Philippe , Corgnac Stéphanie , Collares Davi , Meurice Guillaume , Gausdal Gro , Baud Véronique , Saintigny Pierre , Lorens James B. , Thiery Jean-Paul , Mami-Chouaib Fathia , Chouaib Salem 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Immune resistance may arise from both genetic instability and tumor heterogeneity. Microenvironmental stresses such as hypoxia and various resistance mechanisms promote carcinoma cell plasticity. AXL, a member of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer) receptor tyrosine kinase family, is widely expressed in human cancers and increasingly recognized for its role in cell plasticity and drug resistance. To investigate mechanisms of immune resistance, we studied multiple human lung cancer clones derived from a model of hypoxia-induced tumor plasticity that exhibited mesenchymal or epithelial features. We demonstrate that AXL expression is increased in mesenchymal lung cancer clones. Expression of AXL in the cells correlated with increased cancer cell–intrinsic resistance to both natural killer (NK)– and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)–mediated killing. A small-molecule targeting AXL sensitized mesenchymal lung cancer cells to cytotoxic lymphocyte–mediated killing. Mechanistically, we showed that attenuation of AXL-dependent immune resistance involved a molecular network comprising NF-κB activation, increased ICAM1 expression, and upregulation of ULBP1 expression coupled with MAPK inhibition. Higher ICAM1 and ULBP1 tumor expression correlated with improved patient survival in two non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohorts. These results reveal an AXL-mediated immune-escape regulatory pathway, suggest AXL as a candidate biomarker for tumor resistance to NK and CTL immunity, and support AXL targeting to optimize immune response in NSCLC.
Regularização fundiária e as unidades de conservação no Brasil: um desencontro histórico
Authors: Ferreira Gustavo Henrique Cepolini 
Published: September 2019

O artigo apresenta um breve panorama dos conflitos no campo brasileiro dialogando com a concepção de Unidades de Conservação (UC) existente no Brasil. Para isso, retoma ainda, a gênese das Unidades de Conservação no cenário mundial e as estratégias do movimento ambientalista no país. Dessa forma, compreende-se o contraditório desencontro entre a luta pela terra e as Unidades de Conservação, as quais estão norteadas por diferentes entendimentos, que por vezes, transgridem a história e a organização territorial brasileira; fazendo com que o acirramento e os conflitos de fato, sejam agravados, sobretudo, pela constatação de que há uma irregularidade fundiária histórica, sobretudo, nos Parques Nacionais – UC de Proteção Integral, que segundo o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) devem ser de posse e domínio da União. Nesse contexto, apresenta-se os dados oficiais referentes à irregularidade fundiária dessas UCs e o desencontro existente em políticas públicas autoritárias, as quais representam diferentes discursos e interesses que agravam a gestão territorial e ambiental no país, seguido de uma eminente contrarreforma agrária no Brasil.
Morphology of the lateral fields of the infective juvenile of the entomopathogenic family Steinernematidae (Nematoda) using high pressure freezing (HPF)
Authors: Mráček Zdeněk , Nermut’ Jiří , Tesařová Martina , Půža Vladimír 
Published: September 2019

Summary
The lateral field pattern of infective juveniles of the nematode family Steinernematidae is an important taxonomic character. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the number of ridges and lines or incisures clearly, but does not provide other details. In the present study, ten species from six clades of Steinernematidae have been studied for their lateral field morphology using SEM and high pressure freezing (HPF) with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both methods indicated the same number of ridges and lines, although HPF/TEM resulted in a more detailed morphology with differences between the species. The tips of the ridges are either finely rounded or pointed and the lines are V-shaped or have a broadened bottom. These characters represent an additional pattern that may be characteristic for some species within the phylogenetic clades. Further studies of the lateral field morphology of other species is needed to ascertain whether each pattern is clade specific and phylogenetically valuable.
Nematicidal activity of ethanol solutions on soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines
Authors: Pedroso Luma A. , Campos Vicente P. , Barros Aline F. , Silva Julio C.P. , Assis Gustavo M. , Ribeiro Clerio R. 
Published: September 2019

Summary
The cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is a major pathogen of soybean in tropical regions, which demands novel sustainable management practices. In this work, the use of ethanol against H. glycines was evaluated as both a solution and a fumigant. On second-stage juveniles (J2) of H. glycines, ethanol at low concentration was more effective by direct dipping than by only fumigating the J2. Hatching was significantly reduced by direct dipping in ethanol solutions. Fumigation of H. glycines-infested soil with ethanol reduced infectivity by almost 100% and the number of eggs by about 67% at ethanol concentrations of 48% and 72%, respectively. Only the ethanol at 48% concentration significantly reduced the J2 lipid content, while J2 infectivity and the number of eggs were reduced by dipping at 6% ethanol. The J2 were internally altered by the ethanol solutions. Therefore, ethanol is toxic to H. glycines at low concentrations and affects its pathogenic behaviour rather than simply reducing the lipids.
Two new land planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from protected areas in southern Brazil
Authors: BOLL PITER KEHOMA , DO AMARAL SILVANA VARGAS , LEAL-ZANCHET ANA MARIA 
Published: September 2019

We describe two new species of Neotropical land planarians found in protected areas of the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. Cratera obsidiana Amaral, Boll & Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov., found in the State Park of Turvo, is the first species of the genus Cratera described from an area of deciduous seasonal forest. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the uniformly black dorsal color and the prostatic vesicle with proximal portion laterally expanded and directed upward. Luteostriata subtilis Boll, Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov., found in the National Park of Aparados da Serra, in an area covered by Araucaria moist forest, is distinguished from its congeners by only two conspicuous longitudinal stripes on the dorsal surface of the body and a large fold in the male atrium below the opening of the ejaculatory duct. We also provide an updated key for species of Cratera and the first key for species of Luteostriata.
The Effect of Measurement Limitations on High-Frequency Radar-Derived Spectral Energy Fluxes
Authors: Clary Jean , Nadeau Louis-Philippe , Chavanne Cédric 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ocean’s inverse cascade of energy from small to large scales has been confirmed from satellite altimetry for scales larger than 100 km. However, measurements of the direct energy cascade to smaller scales have remained difficult to obtain. Here, the possibility of estimating these energy transfers to smaller scales from observations by high-frequency radars is investigated using numerical simulations. Synthetic measurements are first extracted from a quasigeostrophic simulation of freely decaying turbulence for which the reference energy flux is characterized by the transition from positive to negative values. Fluxes obtained from synthetic data are compared to this reference flux in order to assess the robustness to various measurement limitations. The geometry of the observational domain (nonperiodicity, domain size, and aspect ratio) affects mostly large scales, while the spatial resolution of the instruments affects mostly small scales. In contrast, measurement noise and missing data affect both large and small scales. Despite resulting in significant biases in the amplitude of the fluxes, the transition scale between the positive and negative fluxes is relatively robust to measurement limitations. These results are also confirmed using a simulation from a primitive-equations model in a realistic coastal geometry.
How Pediatric Anesthesiologists Manage Children with OSA Undergoing Tonsillectomy
Authors: Roberts Christopher , Al Sayegh Raihanah , Ellison Pavithra Ranganathan , Sedeek Khaled , Carr Michele M. 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe typical anesthesia practices for children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Study Design: Online survey. Method: A sample of pediatric anesthesiologists received the survey by email. Results: 110 respondents were included. 46.4% worked in a free-standing children’s hospital and 32.7% worked in a children’s facility within a general hospital. 73.6% taught residents. 44.4% saw at least one child with OSA per week, 25.5% saw them daily. On a 100-mm visual analog scale, respondents rated their comfort with managing these children as 84.94 (SD 17.59). For children with severe OSA, 53.6% gave oral midazolam preoperatively, but 24.5% typically withheld premedication and had the parent present for induction. 68.2% would typically use nitrous oxide for inhalational induction. 68.2% used fentanyl intraoperatively, while 20.0% used morphine. 61.5% reduced their intraop narcotic dose for children with OSA. 98.2% used intraoperative dexamethasone, 58.2% used 0.5 mg/kg for the dose. 98.2% used ondansetron, 62.7% used IV acetaminophen, and 8.2% used IV NSAIDs. 83.6% extubated awake. 27.3% of respondents stated that their institution had standardized guidelines for perioperative management of children with OSA undergoing adenotonsillectomy. People who worked in children’s hospitals, who had >10 years of experience, or who saw children with OSA frequently were significantly more comfortable dealing with children with OSA ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Apart from using intraoperative dexamethasone and ondansetron, management varied. These children would likely benefit from best practices perioperative management guidelines.
The development and pilot study of a nurse-led HOMe-based HEart failure self-Management Programme (the HOM-HEMP) for patients with chronic heart failure, following Medical Research Council guidelines
Authors: Jiang Ying , Shorey Shefaly , Nguyen Hoang D , Wu Vivien Xi , Lee Choy Yee , Yang Lee Fung , Koh Karen Wei Ling , Wang Wenru 
Published: September 2019

Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common causes of hospital admissions and readmissions. Managing CHF requires a comprehensive treatment plan that consists of medication treatment and behavioural change. However, patients often feel unprepared for their self-management role in the community, especially during the period of transition after discharge from hospital. Therefore, an effective intervention to promote CHF self-management is needed. Aims: This paper describes the development and pilot testing of a multicomponent nursing intervention (i.e. the HOM-HEMP) for a randomised controlled trial to assess its effectiveness in improving self-care behaviour among CHF patients in Singapore. A description of the study intervention is also delineated in detail. Methods: The HOM-HEMP was developed based on the UK Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. After the development of the study intervention, a single group pre- and post-repeated measure pilot test was conducted to evaluate the study intervention package for its acceptability and the feasibility of the data collection procedure. Ten participants were recruited through consecutive sampling. All of the participants received the full intervention package with the supplementary mobile application. The data were collected at baseline and immediately after the study intervention (i.e. 6 weeks from baseline). The outcome measures included the Self-Care Heart Failure Index, Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Short Form of the Social Support Questionnaire. Results: The results from the pilot testing showed that the programme was feasible and potentially effective in improving patient’s self-care management, psychological outcomes and health-related quality of life. Conclusion: A self-management psychosocial education approach is the preferred choice for many patients with chronic diseases. The effectiveness of the HOM-HEMP will next be tested in a full scale randomised control trial.
The Influence of Masculine Norms and Mental Health on Health Literacy Among Men: Evidence From the Ten to Men Study
Authors: Milner Allison , Shields Marissa , King Tania 
Published: September 2019

Background: Adherence to masculine norms, such as self-reliance, has been thought to predict lower health literacy. Additionally, males with poor mental health may have low health literacy. Using two waves of the Ten to Men cohort, the current study examined whether masculinity and depressive symptomology explained three aspects of health literacy among men. Methods: Three subscales of the Health Literacy Questionnaire were used as the outcomes: Ability to find good health information; Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers, and Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers. Exposures were masculine norms, measured by the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-22), and depressive symptoms, measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). We controlled for confounders of the relationship between exposure and outcome. Ordinary least squares regression was used to assess the CMNI and depressive symptoms (measured in Wave 1) on health literacy (measured in Wave 2). Results: Across all three health literacy scales, increased global conformity to masculine norms was associated with a decrease in health literacy. Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were likewise associated with a decrease in health literacy on all three scales, with the effects particularly strong for “Ability to engage with healthcare providers” (coef. −1.54, 95% CI [−1.84, −1.24], p value < .001). Conclusions: The results of this article highlight that both conformity to masculine norms and depressive symptoms may be predictors of health literacy among men. The results of this study suggest the need for health literacy media campaigns that address the complexities of gendered help-seeking behaviors. Trial registration: Not applicable.