bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenergic Regulation of Cardiac Macrophages: Heterogeneity, Plasticity, and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Xiang Wenjing , Wang Mianli , Yu Hualong , Lu Haocheng , Wang Ying 
Published: December 2024

Review
Adrenergic Regulation of Cardiac Macrophages: Heterogeneity, Plasticity, and Therapeutic Potential

Wenjing Xiang†, Mianli Wang†, Hualong Yu†, Haocheng Lu*, and Ying Wang*
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
* Correspondence: lhc@sustech.edu.cn (H.L.); wangy6@sustech.edu.cn (Y.W.)

Received: 8 June 2024; Revised: 10 July 2024; Accepted: 15 July 2024; Published: 25 October 2024

Abstract: Cardiac macrophages play a crucial role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, and myocarditis. Macrophages are plastic cells that change their polarization states and functions in response to alterations in the surrounding environment. This process is deeply involved in various biological processes such as inflammation, tissue remodeling and repairing, exacerbating or mitigating the diseases progression. Thus, macrophages have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for multiple cardiac diseases. Upon sympathetic activation, adrenergic/ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling axis markedly modulates macrophages polarization and functions. It has been well-established that the intracellular cAMP is highly compartmentalized in cardiomyocytes. However, the spatiotemporal regulation of cAMP in cardiac macrophages and its implications in macrophage-driven cardiac diseases remain to be elucidated. In this review, we focus on the adrenergic/cAMP regulation of macrophage plasticity and function in the heart and discuss potentials and challenges of targeting the adrenergic/cAMP axis for cardiac diseases.
Transverse Tubules in Cardiac Health and Disease: Therapeutic Approaches to T-Tubule Remodelling and Heart Failure Management
Authors: Kalyan Vanya 
Published: December 2024

Review
Transverse Tubules in Cardiac Health and Disease: Therapeutic Approaches to T-Tubule Remodelling and Heart Failure Management

Vanya Kalyan
The School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; vanya.kalyan@student.manchester.ac.uk

Received: 24 July 2024; Revised: 10 September 2024; Accepted: 10 September 2024; Published: 3 December 2024

Abstract: Transverse tubules are specialised invaginations of the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma. They play a crucial role in cardiac cells by facilitating the coordination of calcium signalling and contraction. They achieve this by housing many ion channels and establishing connections with important structural elements within the cell. The morphology of t-tubules exhibits significant variation across different species and within distinct regions of the heart, allowing for the customisation of their functionality to suit the individual physiological requirements of the organism. Smaller animals with higher heart rates possess more intricate and densely concentrated t-tubules in comparison to larger mammals. This indicates the need for fast calcium signalling. In heart failure, there are harmful alterations in the t-tubules. These changes include a reduction in their density and a rearrangement from their usual alignment. As a result, the heart’s ability to control calcium levels is compromised. As a result, there is a decrease in the strength of heart contractions and a lack of efficient relaxation, which both contribute to the symptoms and progression of the condition. This paper examines the present medications and interventions that specifically address t-tubule remodelling, which have demonstrated efficacy in restoring certain elements of t-tubule function. Additionally, it emphasises the capacity of physical activity to enhance t-tubule density and general cardiovascular well-being. Recent advances in imaging technology provide intriguing opportunities to investigate t-tubules in live cells. These observations have the potential to result in substantial enhancements in the therapy and control of heart failure.
Cathodic Corrosion-Induced Structural Evolution of CuNi Electrocatalysts for Enhanced CO2 Reduction
Authors: Sun Wenjin , Min Bokki , Wang Maoyu , Han Xue , Gao Qiang , Hwang Sooyeon , Zhou Hua , Zhu Huiyuan 
Published: December 2024

Article
Cathodic Corrosion-Induced Structural Evolution of CuNi Electrocatalysts for Enhanced CO2 Reduction

Wenjin Sun 1,†, Bokki Min 2,†, Maoyu Wang 3, Xue Han 4, Qiang Gao 1, Sooyeon Hwang 5, Hua Zhou 3, and Huiyuan Zhu 1,2,*

1 Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
3 Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
5 Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
* Correspondence: kkx8js@virginia.com
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Received: 22 October 2024; Revised: 25 November 2024; Accepted: 27 November 2024; Published: 4 December 2024

Abstract: The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has attracted significant attention as a promising strategy for storing intermittent energy in chemical bonds while sustainably producing value-added chemicals and fuels. Copper-based bimetallic catalysts are particularly appealing for CO2RR due to their unique ability to generate multi-carbon products. While substantial effort has been devoted to developing new catalysts, the evolution of bimetallic systems under operational conditions remains underexplored. In this work, we synthesized a series of CuxNi1−x nanoparticles and investigated their structural evolution during CO2RR. Due to the higher oxophilicity of Ni compared to Cu, the particles tend to become Ni-enriched at the surface upon air exposure, promoting the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). At negative activation potentials, cathodic corrosion has been observed in CuxNi1−x nanoparticles, leading to the significant Ni loss and the formation of irregularly shaped Cu nanoparticles with increased defects. This structural evolution, driven by cathodic corrosion, shifts the electrolysis from HER toward CO2 reduction, significantly enhancing the Faradaic efficiency of multi-carbon products (C2+).
Yield of winter wheat seeds depending on maturity groups of varieties and technology elements
Authors: Polischuk V.V. , Konovalov D.V. 
Published: December 2024

o determine the yield of winter wheat depending on the maturity groups of varieties, sowing dates and seeding rates in the conditionals of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical. Field studies were carried out at the experimental farm of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during 2017-2019. Results. It was determined that when sowing winter wheat at the optimal time, no significant difference in seed yield of varieties of different maturity groups depending on seeding rates was found. The seed yield of medium-ripening varieties at a sowing rate of 3 million seeds/ha was 7.71 t/ha, and that of medium-early ripening varieties – 7.23 t/ha. The yield of all varieties of medium-ripening maturity group was higher than that of medium-early maturity group regardless of seeding rates, but there was no significant difference by variety. On average, the seed yield of medium-ripening varieties did not differ significantly from that of medium-early maturity varieties at all seeding rates. At the lowest seeding rate, the seed yield of medium-ripening varieties was 6.87 t/ha, while that of medium-early-ripening varieties was only 0.09 t/ha higher. When sown at the latest date (10 October), the seed yield of varieties of both maturity groups was lower than at the optimal date, but there was no significant difference in seed yield depending on the maturity groups of the varieties. When winter wheat was sown both at the optimum and later dates, the greatest influence on seed yield was exerted by the "variety" factor, which ranged from 83.3-89.1 % depending on the sowing dates, which once again demonstrates the role of the variety in increasing crop productivity. Conclusions. When sowing winter wheat both in the optimal and later sowing dates, no significant difference in seed yield of varieties of medium and medium-early maturity groups depending on seeding rates was found. The yield of all varieties of medium-early maturity group was higher than that of medium-early maturity group regardless of seeding rates, but there was no significant difference by varieties.
Productivity of soft winter wheat types lutescence and erythrospermum on typical black soils of the Forest-Step zone
Authors: Shtakal M.І. , Holyk L.M. , Levchenko O.S. 
Published: December 2024

To evaluate the prospects of using lutescens and erythrospermum types in the breeding of soft winter wheat to increase its productivity in the conditions of the black soils of the Forest Steppe zone. Methods. Field, laboratory, variational statistics. Results. Many years of research have established that the productivity of various types of winter wheat within the range of erythrospermum varies between 4.5-6.5 t/ha and 4.9-6.6 t/ha in the lutescens variety. However, lutescens variety varieties on average over the years of research by 0.6 t/ha or 11% prevailed over erythrospermum variety genotypes. In terms of varieties, the most productive were the varieties Efektna, Kraevyd, Pam’yati Hirka, Vodohray, Spivanka Poliska (5.9-6.5 t/ha) for the erythrospermum variety, and among the lutescens varieties - Zemlerob, Victoria Poliska, Kesaria Poliska, (6.3-6.6 t/ha) and standard varieties of the Ukrainian selection Perlyna Lisostepu and the foreign ones - Skagen and Samurai (6.0-6.3 t/ha). The coefficient of yield variation by year was higher in the erythrosperm variety and amounted to an average of (V = 22% with variations by varieties - 17-29%), while in the lutescens variety it was, respectively (V = 20% with variations by varieties – 14-23%). That is, all genotypes of modern varieties of winter wheat within both varieties are quite productive, but even in the forest-steppe zone with favorable weather conditions for growing this crop, according to their adaptive potential, they cannot effectively resist weather changes during the years of research, which must be taken into account by breeders in the future. Conclusions. Varieties of both types are quite productive (5.8–6.6 t/ha) under conditions of cultivation using energy-saving technologies. However, lutescens cultivars on average exceeded erythrospermum genotypes in yield by 0.6 t/ha or 11% over the years of research. At the same time, the influence of the genetic potential of the variety was more significant than the variety, which was manifested in the variation of the yield by varieties of both types within 1.7 t/ha or 31%. That is, the yield of winter soft wheat varieties, to a greater extent, depends on the genotype of the variety. However, the advantage of its varieties still belongs to the type of lutescens, which must be taken into account in the reeding process.
Influence of farming factors on chernozem fertility in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe
Authors: Shapoval I.S. , Demydenko O.V. , Yarmilko S.A. , Yaremych L.V. 
Published: December 2024

Aim. To study the influence of the main factors of agriculture on the fertility of typical chernozem, productivity and economic efficiency of 5 fallow crop rotations in conditions of unstable moisture in the central part of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field, agrochemical (sampling and determination of total humus), statistical and computational (to substantiate the reliability of the results and develop statistical models of interrelationships), the study was conducted at the Drabivske experimental field in a stationary experiment, which was established in 1976, where the comparative effectiveness of different methods of cultivation of typical chernozem in 5 different types of arable crop rotations is studied. Results. The long-term use of moldboardless and surface tillage in a 5-field grain-tilled crop rotation did not lead to compaction of the cultivated soil layer to critical values (>1.35 g/cm3) when the total porosity decreases beyond 50%, which did not worsen the conditions of crop growth and agrophysical conditions of typical chernozem fertility. Under the influence of the main tillage, the redistribution of by-products within 0-30 cm of the soil occurs: under ploughing, by-products are evenly distributed throughout the arable layer, and under no-till tillage, 68-69% of the total mass of by-products is incorporated in the 0−10 cm soil layer, which is 1.72 times more than under ploughing. The total weight of by-products under no-till cultivation was 1.9−2.3 t/ha higher. The type of crop rotation contributed to an increase in the yield of by-products by an average of 1.37 times. In the spring, regardless of the method of cultivation, the same stock of productive moisture in the one-metre thickness (142−145 mm) is accumulated in the 5-field crop rotation, and the moisture content corresponded to the optimal moisture content. Conclusions. On typical low-humus chernozem of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the yield of grain crops depended on a complex of main factors (tillage, fertilizers, predecessors, weather conditions) and amounted to: winter wheat 5.79-6.08 t/ha, corn for grain 9.14−9.39 t/ha, peas 3.42 t/ha, barley 3.48 t/ha. High grain and fodder yields of 4.55 and 9.55 t/ha/ha, respectively, in a crop rotation with 80% grain, including 40% corn, which is 18.3% and 22.5% higher than in a crop rotation with 60% grain saturation. The highest net profit is in the crop rotation with 80% grain saturation, including 40% corn for grain − 14.6 thousand UAH/ha, which is higher than the crop rotation with 60% grain saturation by 5.3 thousand UAH, or 36.3%, with a profitability of 95−68%.
The influence of tillage methods on the cellulose lithic activity of typical chernozem in the conditions of the left-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Dolia  S. M. , Shevchenko M. V. 
Published: December 2024

Aim. To determine the effect of different methods of basic tillage for corn on the activity of cellulose-destroying microorganisms. Methods. Field techniques, calculation, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The article presents the results of a study on the impact of various methods of basic tillage on the activity of cellulose-destroying microorganisms and their living conditions. The research has been carried out in 2021-2023 at the Dokuchaevske Experimental Field Training and Research and Production Centre of the State Biotechnological University, located in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The influence of weather and climatic conditions and the studied soil treatments on the formation of corn grain yields is analysed, taking into account the variability of the moisture level in this region. On average, over the years of research, deep tillage compared to shallow disking had a positive effect on the activity of cellulose-destroying microorganisms. Ploughing PLN-4-35 by 25–27 cm due to better soil loosening and the creation of favourable aerobic conditions, made it possible to activate the process of cellulose decomposition in the cultivated layer of soil at the level of 24%, which, in turn, contributed to a relatively high level of corn yield – 6.70 t/ha. It is worth noting that the variant with chisel tillage of the PC-2.5 at 33–35 cm accumulated the most moisture – 855 m3/ha. There was also a tendency to increase moisture reserves in the variants with the moldboardless tillage PRN-31000 by 33–35 cm and the disking BDM-2.5 by 10–12 cm compared to ploughing. There was a slight increase in the density of the cultivated layer after chiselling and disking. Conclusions. Active microbiome development and favourable soil conditions contribute to the increase of plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stress factors. Therefore, among the methods of basic tillage, preference should be given to ploughing PLN-4-35 to a depth of 25–27 cm and mouldboards tillage PRN-31000 to 33–35 cm, which improve the water-physical and agrophy­sical properties of the soil.
Yield of modern winter wheat varieties under different physical and geographical conditions
Authors: Holyk L.M. , Shtakal M.І. , Levchenko O.S. , Drukovska N.H. 
Published: December 2024

Aim. Determine the influence of ecological and geographical factors of variability on the yield of modern winter wheat varieties created at the Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Methods. Field, laboratory and analytical research. Field research was carried out under the conditions of monitoring surveys according to the methods of determination in various points of studying the varietal diversity of winter wheat. Results. Winter wheat varieties Victoria Poliska with a yield of 7.6 t/ha, Katrusya Poliska 6.5 t/ha, Kesaria Poliska and Zemlerob each 6.2 t/ha, Fortetsia Poliska 5.87 t/ha, Pyriatynka 5.8 t / ha. Accordingly, the standards of foreign reeding Skagen 6.1 t/ha, Samurai 5.57 t/ha, Ukrainian selection Lisova Pisnia 4.87 t / ha. For 2020-2022, in the selective crop rotation of the NSC «IZ NAAN» the best varieties of winter wheat in terms of yield Zemlerob, Effectna (6.55 t/ha each), Kesaria Poliska (6.51 t/ha), Fortetsia Poliska (6, 39 t/ha), Pyryatinka (5.96 t/ha), Katrusya Poliska (5.95 t/ha), the standards of foreign selection Skagen 6.1 t/ha, Samurai 5.57 t/ha, Ukrainian selection Lisova Pisnia 4.87 t/ha. For 2020-2022, in the selective crop rotation of the NSC «IZ NAAN» the best varieties of winter wheat in terms of yield Zemlerob, Effectna (6.55 t/ha each), Kesaria Poliska (6.51 t/ha), Fortress Poliska (6.39 t/ha), Pyryatinka (5.96 t/ha), Katrusya Poliska (5.95 t/ha), respectively, the standards of foreign selection Samurai (5.49 t/ha), Kolonia (4.56 t/ha) Skagen (4.31 t/ha) and Ukrainian selection Lisova Pisnia (4.90 t/ha). Conclusions. So, modern varieties of winter wheat Viktoriya Poliska, Kraevyd, Fortetsya Poliska, Katrusya Poliska, Kesaria Poliska, Zemlerob, Efektna, Ivanna Poliska, Spivanka Poliska, Lyubito, Pamyati Hirka, Vodogray are a guarantee of increasing the productivity of winter wheat in conditions of climate change.
Scientific and consulting provision of innovative development of agriculture of the Kyiv region
Authors: Oksymets О.L. , Vitvitska O.I. , Tymoshenko O.V. , Sinelnyk L.M. , Kovalenko G.V. , Kuchma T.I. , Oksymets Yu.O. 
Published: December 2024

Aim. To develop and scientific and organizational approaches to advertising, consulting support, and the transfer of innovative developments in the agricultural market of knowledge-intensive products in the Kyiv region. Methods. In research were used dialectical, abstract-logical, economic-statistical, system-theoretical, comparative, and retrospective analytical methods. Results. The analysis of market conditions from 2021 to 2023 revealed that foreign varieties of soybeans, winter rape, spring rape, corn, and fodder beet are seriously competing with domestic varieties of soybeans, corn, and fodder beet. Domestic research institutions are leading in breeding varieties of winter wheat, buckwheat, winter rye, millet, beans, oil flax, long flax, and lupine, with the breeding achievements of the IAS NAAS being suitable for distribution in Ukraine. The Institute’s innovative developments in agriculture focus on protecting soils and increasing their fertility. In crop production, they aim to create highly efficient technologies for growing cereals, legumes, and fodder crops. In breeding, the focus is on developing new varieties, hybrids, and lines. From 2021 to 2023, 31 scientific developments were tested, including 2 in the field of agriculture and 29 in crop production. This includes 2 crop production technologies and 27 plant varieties and hybrids. Additionally, 59 innovations were introduced: 3 in the field of agriculture and 56 in crop production, including 18 technologies and 38 varieties and hybrids. To address practical problems in the field of scientific support for innovative agricultural development in the region, our institution developed and conducted several activities related to scientific and advisory support. Scientific and methodological provisions for organizing information and advisory support for the Kyiv region’s agricultural enterprises were developed. The system and methods for promoting and advertising the scientific developments of the IAS NAAS were improved, and a network for disseminating agricultural information and providing advice on various agricultural issues was established. To promote the latest scientific and innovative projects, 9 conferences were held over the past three years, including 5 international and 4 national ones. Additionally, there was 1 scientific and practical seminar, 5 exhibitions (1 international and 4 national), 2 Field Days, and 1 workshop. Conclusions. Scientific and advisory support plays a key role in creating a favorable environment for innovative development, contributing to sustainable economic growth and increasing the competitiveness of agricultural production.
Bioethic knowledge as means of humanizing of modern educational environment
Authors: Stepanyuk A. V. , Bak V. F. 
Published: December 2024

The article examines specific examples of the methodology of teaching biological knowledge on the basis of bioethics and humanism. They activate the self-knowledge of the individual through the education of bioethical values. An approach to the development of bioethical values through students' acquisition of bioethical knowledge has been implemented. At the same time, the bioethical knowledge of schoolchildren is interpreted as integrated knowledge of biology and ethics in the context of values and meanings of human life and culture. This is a manifestation of the integration of this knowledge within the moral values of society, an ethical reflection on biological knowledge. It is justified that they are formed by revealing analogies between the laws of nature and the categories of morality and contribute to the development of students' ethical attitude to life in all its manifestations. Bioethical knowledge is based on a person's awareness of the unity of the general laws of nature and the categories of morality. Bioethical activity is the result of a person's knowledge of himself as an individual who has free will and consciously limits himself by the laws of moral behavior, which are common to the general laws of nature. Bioethical knowledge embodies the unity of knowledge of the biological picture of the world with self-knowledge of the individual. The content of bioethical knowledge serves as a basis and forms the worldview principles of students. Bioethical knowledge is formed by means of a humanistic integrated educational process aimed at students' acquisition of biological knowledge. The content of bioethical knowledge is scientific information of a bioethical orientation. These include the cross-cutting regularities of nature (preservation, periodicity, directionality of processes to an equilibrium state) in the structure and functioning of living systems at various levels of the organization of living nature and their analogy with moral laws. The features of the humane educational space, which is built on the basis of spiritual community between the teacher and students and is the residence of educational material, are characterized. It acquires an important essential meaning for all participants of the educational process.