bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feedback Loops: Or, Past Futures Haunt Architecture's Present
Authors: Zeiger Mimi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIs architectural discourse haunted by an avantgarde future that never materialised? Los Angeles‐based critic, curator and editor Mimi Zeiger describes how these tropes, many of which relate to the preoccupations of the 1960s and 1970s, are recycled and repurposed by contemporary practitioners. She cautions that such feedback loops, orbits or revolutions strip meanings, narratives and politics from original source materials, which not only leaves a vacuum of nostalgia at the centre of the discourse, but also limits the discipline's ability to speculate on the pressures of our present moment.
Archive of Affinities Making Architecture from Architecture
Authors: Kovacs Andrew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractArchive of Affinities is a digital collection and display of architectural objets trouvés, created and curated by Andrew Kovacs, assistant adjunct professor at the University of California Los Angeles. Elements, forms and architectural notations are selected from the Archive's galaxy of possibilities as the prima materia for his practice's projects. The juxtaposition of scale, taxonomies, typologies and colour gives the work of Office Kovacs its own particular flavour.
System Cities: Building a ‘Quantitative Utopia’
Authors: Pearson Luke Caspar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is a connection between theoretical schemes such as Archizoom's No‐Stop City and the virtual and augmented worlds of today. Guest‐Editor Luke Caspar Pearson, Director of the Undergraduate Architecture Programme at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, explores video‐game spaces and his own architectural gaming environments, demonstrating their resonance with avant‐garde concepts.
Copying as Cultural Iconoclasm
Authors: Butcher Matthew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReverence for visionary avant‐garde architectures risks reducing them to a relic‐like, static status. How can their agency instead be kept alive? Drawing on the writings of historians and theorists Adrian Forty, Dario Gamboni and Rebecca Schneider, Guest‐Editor Matthew Butcher explores re‐enactment operating as a form of iconoclasm to continue the memory of avant‐garde ideals. His own recent speculative architectural projects, inspired by Italian Radical practice Superstudio and architect Raimund Abraham's work from the 1970s, embody this approach.
Micro/Nanoscale 3D Assembly by Rolling, Folding, Curving, and Buckling Approaches
Authors: Cheng Xu , Zhang Yihui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe miniaturization of electronics has been an important topic of study for several decades. The established roadmaps following Moore's Law have encountered bottlenecks in recent years, as planar processing techniques are already close to their physical limits. To bypass some of the intrinsic challenges of planar technologies, more and more efforts have been devoted to the development of 3D electronics, through either direct 3D fabrication or indirect 3D assembly. Recent research efforts into direct 3D fabrication have focused on the development of 3D transistor technologies and 3D heterogeneous integration schemes, but these technologies are typically constrained by the accessible range of sophisticated 3D geometries and the complexity of the fabrication processes. As an alternative route, 3D assembly methods make full use of mature planar technologies to form predefined 2D precursor structures in the desired materials and sizes, which are then transformed into targeted 3D mesostructures by mechanical deformation. The latest progress in the area of micro/nanoscale 3D assembly, covering the various classes of methods through rolling, folding, curving, and buckling assembly, is discussed, focusing on the design concepts, principles, and applications of different methods, followed by an outlook on the remaining challenges and open opportunities.
Understanding and Manipulating the Interplay of Wide‐Energy‐Gap Host and TADF Sensitizer in High‐Performance Fluorescence OLEDs
Authors: Song Xiaozeng , Zhang Dongdong , Lu Yang , Yin Chen , Duan Lian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractComprising an emitting layer (EML) constituting a wide‐energy‐gap host, a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizer and a conventional fluorescent dopant, TADF‐sensitizing‐fluorescence organic light‐emitting diodes (TSF‐OLEDs) highly depend on component interplay to maximize their performance, which, however, is still under‐researched. Taking the host type (TADF or non‐TADF) and the recombination position (on the host or on the TADF sensitizer) into consideration, the interplay of host and TADF sensitizer is comprehensively studied and manipulated. A wide‐energy‐gap host with TADF and recombination of charges on it are both required to maximize device performances by triggering multiple sensitizing processes to eliminate exciton losses. Based on those findings, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE)/power efficiency (PE) of 23.2%/76.9 lm W−1 is realized with a newly developed TADF host, significantly outperforming the reference devices. Further device optimization leads to unprecedently high EQE/PE of 24.2%/89.5 lm W−1 and a half‐lifetime of over 400 h at an initial luminance of 2000 cd m−2, with the peak PE being the highest value among the reported TSF‐OLEDs. This work reveals the importance of manipulating the component interplay in EMLs, opening a new avenue toward highly efficient TSF‐OLEDs.
Freely Shapable and 3D Porous Carbon Nanotube Foam Using Rapid Solvent Evaporation Method for Flexible Thermoelectric Power Generators
Authors: Lee Min‐Hye , Kang Young Hun , Kim Jungwon , Lee Young Kuk , Cho Song Yun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA rapid solvent evaporation method based on the triple point of a processing solvent is presented to prepare carbon nanotube (CNT) foam with a porous structure for thermoelectric (TE) power generators. The rapid solvent evaporation process allows the preparation of CNT foam with various sizes and shapes. The obtained highly porous CNT foam with porosity exceeding 90% exhibits a low thermal conductivity of 0.17 W m−1 K−1 with increased phonon scattering, which is 100 times lower than that of a CNT film with a densely packed network. The aforementioned structural and thermal properties of the CNT foam are advantageous to develop a sufficient temperature gradient between the hot and cold parts to enhance TE output characteristics. To improve the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient further, p‐ and n‐molecular dopants are easily introduced into the CNT foam, and the optimized condition is investigated based on the TE properties. Finally, optimized p‐ and n‐doped CNT foams are used to fabricate a vertical and flexible TE power generator with a combination of series and parallel mixed circuits. The maximum output power and output power per weight of the TE generator reach 1.5 µW and 82 µW g−1, respectively, at a temperature difference of 13.9 K.
Applications of Diphosphines in Radical Reactions
Authors: Kawaguchi Shin‐ichi , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecently, the importance of organophosphorus compounds in organic chemistry has increased. Diphosphines are an attractive source of phosphorus containing two phosphorus groups, which can theoretically be introduced into a carbon framework with high atom economy. There are several diphosphine derivatives, which are closely related to diphosphines, but their reactivities are completely different. In this Minireview, we describe various phosphination reactions with diphosphines and their derivatives under radical conditions.
The changing ecology of primate parasites: Insights from wild‐captive comparisons
Authors: Herrera James P. , Chakraborty Debapriyo , Rushmore Julie , Altizer Sonia , Nunn Charles 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHost movements, including migrations or range expansions, are known to influence parasite communities. Transitions to captivity—a rarely studied yet widespread human‐driven host movement—can also change parasite communities, in some cases leading to pathogen spillover among wildlife species, or between wildlife and human hosts. We compared parasite species richness between wild and captive populations of 22 primate species, including macro‐ (helminths and arthropods) and micro‐parasites (viruses, protozoa, bacteria, and fungi). We predicted that captive primates would have only a subset of their native parasite community, and would possess fewer parasites with complex life cycles requiring intermediate hosts or vectors. We further predicted that captive primates would have parasites transmitted by close contact and environmentally—including those shared with humans and other animals, such as commensals and pests. We found that the composition of primate parasite communities shifted in captive populations, especially because of turnover (parasites detected in captivity but not reported in the wild), but with some evidence of nestedness (holdovers from the wild). Because of the high degree of turnover, we found no significant difference in overall parasite richness between captive and wild primates. Vector‐borne parasites were less likely to be found in captivity, whereas parasites transmitted through either close or non‐close contact, including through fecal‐oral transmission, were more likely to be newly detected in captivity. These findings identify parasites that require monitoring in captivity and raise concerns about the introduction of novel parasites to potentially susceptible wildlife populations during reintroduction programs.
Manual skills for processing plant underground storage organs by wild bearded capuchins
Authors: Truppa Valentina , Marino Luca A. , Izar Patricia , Fragaszy Dorothy M. , Visalberghi Elisabetta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesWild Sapajus libidinosus exploit underground storage organs (USOs) that require extraction and extensive processing before consumption. Since capuchin monkeys are small‐sized extractive foragers that cannot perform forceful precision grips, we expected that: (a) they would use other body parts together with their hands, (b) older (and larger) capuchins would be more efficient than younger (and smaller) ones, and (c) capuchins would invest greater effort/time to exploit USOs than other foods.Materials and MethodsWe recorded 178 episodes of USO processing performed by 20 individuals. The behavior was videotaped and scored frame‐by‐frame.ResultsWe identified six sequential stages of processing: Excavation, extraction, soil removal, transport, peeling, and fragmenting the inner tissues. Capuchins made frequent use of forceful hand postures and manipulation in which the hands were strongly supported by other body parts, principally the mouth. Older capuchins were more efficient than younger individuals in pulling the USOs out of the ground. Finally, exploiting USOs was time‐consuming, lasting more than 4 min per item, on average.DiscussionDespite having smaller body‐mass and greater manual constraints than catarrhine extractive foragers, capuchins, even smaller individuals, mastered USO processing thanks to their behavioral flexibility and persistence. Our findings reveal that precision grips are not essential for forceful actions during complex food processing and that, unlike catarrhines, capuchins, especially adults, rarely use thumb opposition during forceful grasping of food. In contrast, extended sustained attention and varied manual behavior appear to be convergent features of platyrrhine and catarrhine extractive foragers.
Persistent Organic High‐Spin Trinitrenes
Authors: Mendez‐Vega Enrique , Mieres‐Perez Joel , Chapyshev Sergei V. , Sander Wolfram 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe septet ground state trinitrenes 1,3,5‐trichloro‐2,4,6‐trinitrenobenzene and 1,3,5‐tribromo‐2,4,6‐trinitrenobenzene were isolated in inert (Ar, Ne, and Xe) as well as reactive matrices (H2, O2, and H2O) at cryogenic temperatures. These trinitrenes were obtained in high yields by UV photolysis of the corresponding triazides and characterized by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The trinitrenes, despite bearing six unpaired electrons, are remarkably unreactive towards molecular oxygen and hydrogen and are persistent in water ice up to 160 K where the water matrix starts to sublime off.
Modulation versus Templating: Fine‐Tuning of Hierarchally Porous PCN‐250 Using Fatty Acids To Engineer Guest Adsorption
Authors: Kirchon Angelo , Li Jialuo , Xia Fangqing , Day Gregory S. , Becker Benjamin , Chen Wenmiao , Sue Hung‐Jue , Fang Yu , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractModulation and templating are two synthetic techniques that have garnered significant attention over the last several years for the preparation of hierarchically porous metal–organic frameworks (HP‐MOFs). In this study, by using fatty acids with different lengths and concentrations as dual‐functional modulators/templates, we were able to obtain HP‐MOFs with tunable mesopores that exhibit different pore diameters and locations. We found that the length and concentration of the fatty acids can determine if micelle formation occurs, which in turn dictates the porosity of the resulting HP‐MOFs. The HP‐MOFs with different mesopores differed in their performance in gas uptake and dye adsorption, and the structure–performance relationships were ascribed to the pore diameters and locations. This approach could provide a potentially universal method to efficiently introduce hierarchal mesopores into existing microporous MOF adsorbents with tunable properties.
Anti‐Stokes‐Belastungsanzeige: Mechanochemische Aktivierung der Triplett‐Triplett‐Annihilierung‐Photonen‐Hochkonversion
Authors: Yildiz Deniz , Baumann Christoph , Mikosch Annabel , Kuehne Alexander J. C. , Herrmann Andreas , Göstl Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDie Entwicklung von Methoden zum Nachweis von Schäden in makromolekularen Materialien ist von großer Bedeutung, um deren mechanisches Versagen und die Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen von Polymeren zu verstehen. Mechanofluorophore haben sich als nützliche und empfindliche molekulare Motive für diesen Zweck erwiesen. Die Anpassung ihrer optischen Eigenschaften bleibt jedoch bis heute eine Herausforderung, und die Korrelation der Emissionsintensität zur kraftinduzierten Materialschädigung sowie den Ereignissen auf molekularer Ebene wird durch intrinsische Beschränkungen der Fluoreszenzdetektionstechniken erschwert. Hier begegnen wir dieser Herausforderung, indem wir das erste Belastungssonden‐Motiv entwickeln, das auf der Hochkonversion von Photonen beruht. Durch die Kombination des Diels‐Alder‐Adduktes eines π‐ausgedehnten Anthracens mit dem Porphyrin‐basierten Triplett‐Sensibilisator PtOEP in Polymeren können wir die Hochkonversion durch Triplett‐Triplett‐Annihilierung von grünem zu blauem Licht sowohl in Lösung als auch im festen Zustand mechanisch aktivieren. Wir sind zuversichtlich, dass dieser Ansatz den Weg zur quantitativen Anti‐Stokes‐Belastungsanzeige für UV‐intransparente Materialien ebnet.
Reactivity of a Tetra(o‐tolyl)diborane(4) Dianion as a Diarylboryl Anion Equivalent
Authors: Akiyama Seiji , Yamada Kaito , Yamashita Makoto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLithium and magnesium salts of tetra(o‐tolyl)diborane(4) dianion, having B=B double bond character, were synthesized. It was clarified that the lithium salt of the dianion has a high‐lying HOMO and a narrow HOMO–LUMO gap, which were perturbed by dissociation of Li+ cation, as judged by UV/Vis spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The lithium salt of the dianion reacted as two equivalents of a diarylboryl anion with CH2Cl2 or S8 to give boryl‐substituted products.
Peri‐operative ventricular bigeminy and cardiomyopathy in elective surgery
Authors: O'Shaughnessy S. M. , Leonard I. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryPremature ventricular contractions are common in the general population and are often seen during general anaesthesia. A high frequency of premature ventricular contractions may be associated with underlying left ventricular dysfunction. Premature ventricular contraction‐induced cardiomyopathy is a rare disease and requires cardiologist input into peri‐operative management. Medical and interventional management strategies may completely reverse the disease process. A 19‐year‐old man was scheduled for removal of tibial metalwork, due to chronic pain, and ventricular bigeminy was noted in the anaesthetic room before induction of anaesthesia. Surgery was postponed and he was later diagnosed with premature ventricular contraction‐induced cardiomyopathy. Ventricular bigeminy noted before induction of anaesthesia may not always be benign.
Predicting trends in structural and physical properties of a model polymer with embedded natural fibers: Viability of molecular dynamics studies for a bottom up design
Authors: Prasad Krishnamurthy , Nikzad Mostafa , Doherty Cara M. , Sbarski Igor 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe effects of relatively high‐ and low‐shear processing on the macroscopic and microscopic porosities of a standard packaging polymer—linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and its composites with pine flour are studied. The macroscopic porosities, represented by deviations of observed density from the theoretical density, primarily drive the trends in mechanical and solvent uptake properties. The microscopic porosities of the system, however, are independent of the processing method and pine flour concentration. Furthermore, by using molecular dynamics (MD), molecules of LLDPE and pine flour were constructed. The material properties of the molecules, specifically microporosity and elastic moduli, were compared to experiment. A semiempirical modeling approach was used to fit the simulated data to the experimental composite moduli. The model of Halpin and Tsai was found to be the most efficacious for this system, and the benefits of the combined MD‐semiempirical modeling for bottom up design are discussed. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48189.
Evidence of fish spillover from freshwater protected areas in lakes of eastern Ontario
Authors: Zolderdo Aaron J. , Abrams Alice E.I. , Reid Connor H. , Suski Cory D. , Midwood Jon D. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Research has identified numerous conservation benefits attributed to the use of marine protected areas (MPAs), yet comparatively less is known about the effectiveness of freshwater protected areas (FPAs).
This study assessed multiple long‐standing (>70 years active) intra‐lake FPAs in three lakes in eastern Ontario, Canada, to evaluate their potential conservation benefits. These FPAs were intended initially to protect exploited populations of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède, 1802)), but since their establishment no empirical data have been collected to evaluate the effectiveness of FPAs for protecting bass or the broader fish community.
A comparative biological census of fish species abundance, biomass and species richness was conducted using snorkelling surveys within FPAs, along the bordering transition zones, and in more distant non‐protected areas of the lake that had similar habitats to the FPAs.
In general, the FPAs yielded benefits that were most obvious (in terms of abundance and biomass) for the focal protected species (i.e. largemouth bass) as well as several shiner species. Largemouth bass and shiner abundance and biomass were highest in the FPA, lowest in the distant non‐protected areas, and intermediate in the transition zone. Species richness was also highest in the FPAs in two of the three lakes.
Collectively, these results support the use of FPAs as a viable and effective conservation strategy that extends beyond simply limiting the exploitation of a target species. Beyond the benefits afforded to fish within the FPA, evidence of spillover in adjacent areas was also observed, which is promising. Additional research is needed on the effectiveness of FPAs in a variety of regions and water‐body types facing various threats in an effort to understand when, where and how to best use FPAs to benefit aquatic biodiversity.
Atg7 Silencing Inhibits Laminin‐5 Expression to Suppress Tube Formation by Brain Endothelial Cells
Authors: He Lin , Wei Jia‐Yi , Liu Dong‐Xin , Zhao Wei‐Dong , Chen Yu‐Hua 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTCerebral angiogenesis is a key event during brain development and recovery from brain injury. We previously demonstrated that Atg7 knockout impaired angiogenesis in the mouse brain. However, the role of Atg7 in angiogenesis is not completely understood. In this study, we used human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) to investigate the mechanism of Atg7‐regulated cerebral angiogenesis. We found that Atg7 depletion specifically diminished the expression of the β3 and γ2 chains of laminin‐5, a major component of the extracellular matrix. In contrast, autophagy inhibitors did not affect laminin‐5 expression, suggesting that Atg7‐regulated laminin‐5 expression is autophagy‐independent. We also found that Atg7‐regulated laminin‐5 expression occurred at the transcriptional level through NF‐κB signaling. Exogenous laminin‐5 or the NF‐κB agonist betulinic acid effectively rescued tube formation by Atg7‐deficient HBMECs. Taken together, our study identified a novel mechanism by which Atg7 regulates laminin‐5 expression via NF‐κB to modulate tube formation by brain endothelial cells during cerebral angiogenesis. Anat Rec, 302:2255–2260, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Atom Transfer Oxidative Radical Cascade of Aryl Alkynoates towards 1,1‐Dichalcogenide Olefins
Authors: Sahoo Harekrishna , Ramakrishna Isai , Mandal Anup , Baidya Mahiuddin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn oxidative trifunctionalization of aryl alkynoates has been devised via the chalcogenide radical triggered intramolecular 1,4‐aryl migration/decarboxylation cascade to prepare 1,1‐dichalcogenide tetrasubstituted alkenes in high yields (up to 98 %). This operationally simple reaction proceeds under metal‐free conditions, can be executed on gram scale, and highlights formal 1,1‐difunctionalization of alkynes. Synthetic potential of this protocol was demonstrated through a twofold cascade rearrangement to access highly conjugated tetra‐selenylated alkenes along with a cross‐dehydrogenative annulation to prepare fluorene derivative.
Backward stochastic differential equations with non‐Lipschitz time delayed generators
Authors: Coulibaly Harouna , Aman Auguste 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we establish the existence and uniqueness result for a class of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs, in short) with non‐Lipschitz time delayed generators. In our point of view, this work is a non trivial extension of the pioneer result obtained by Delong and Imkeller under global Lipschitz condition. Indeed, for certain generators our result is valid while their result can not be hold.