bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanotransducers for Near‐Infrared Photoregulation in Biomedicine
Authors: Li Jingchao , Duan Hongwei , Pu Kanyi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhotoregulation, which utilizes light to remotely control biological events, provides a precise way to decipher biology and innovate in medicine; however, its potential is limited by the shallow tissue penetration and/or phototoxicity of ultraviolet (UV)/visible light that are required to match the optical responses of endogenous photosensitive substances. Thereby, biologically friendly near‐infrared (NIR) light with improved tissue penetration is desired for photoregulation. Since there are a few endogenous biomolecules absorbing or emitting light in the NIR region, the development of molecular transducers is essential to convert NIR light into the cues for regulation of biological events. In this regard, optical nanomaterials able to convert NIR light into UV/visible light, heat, or free radicals are suitable for this task. Here, the recent developments of optical nanotransducers for NIR‐light‐mediated photoregulation in medicine are summarized. The emerging applications, including photoregulation of neural activity, gene expression, and visual systems, as well as photochemical tissue bonding, are highlighted, along with the design principles of nanotransducers. Moreover, the current challenges and perspectives in this field are discussed.
High‐Performance Flexible Tactile Sensor Enabling Intelligent Haptic Perception for a Soft Prosthetic Hand
Authors: Liang Ziwei , Cheng Jiahui , Zhao Qian , Zhao Xingwei , Han Zhiyuan , Chen Ying , Ma Yinji , Feng Xue 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCompared to the traditional motor‐driven prosthetic hand, a soft prosthetic hand (SPD) has intrisic advantages such as kinematics dexterity and friendly external interaction. In order for an SPD to realize the function of a real hand, the integration of flexible high‐performance tactile sensors is essential. Current research on flexible tactile sensors is mainly focused on increasing sensitivity, but ignores other issues, such as the complexity of arraying and compatibility with soft actuators. A high‐performance flexible force sensor enabling intelligent tactile perception for an SPD is reported. With the aid of reasonable arrangement of functional material and effective 3D structure design, the force sensor exhibits good linearity (R2 = 0.982), accuracy and repeatability, very low hysteresis, fast dynamical response (<1 ms), high stability (30000 loading–unloading cycles), stable performance under high frequency (>50 Hz), and can easily be arrayed and integrated with an SPD. With such a sensor mounted on its surface, an SPD achieves various complicated tasks in the same manner as a real hand, including feeling the softness of objects and imitating the process of traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis to monitor a pulse wave in the radial artery. Finally, through use of a force‐sensor array, an SPD provides real‐time spatial distribution of pressure during the grabbing of objects.
A Bipyridine‐Palladium Derivative as General Pre‐Catalyst for Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Saavedra Beatriz , González‐Gallardo Nerea , Meli Alessandro , Ramón Diego J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA versatile and DES‐compatible bipyridine palladium complex has been developed as a general pre‐catalyst for different cross‐coupling reactions (Hiyama, Suzuki‐Miyaura, Heck‐Mizoroki and Sonogashira) in deep eutectic solvents. Hydrogen bond capacity of the ligand allows to keep the excellent level of results previously obtained in classical organic solvents. Palladium pre‐catalyst showed a high catalytic activity for many cross‐coupling reactions, demonstrating a great versatility and applicability. Also, this methodology employs sustainable solvents as a reaction medium and highlights the potential of DES as alternative solvents in organometallic catalysis. The catalyst and DES were easily and successfully recycled. The formation of PdNPs in DES has been confirmed by TEM and XPS analysis and their role as catalyst by mercury test. The dynamic coordination of bipyridine‐type ligand in the palladium complex formation has been studied via UV/Vis.magnified image
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among tribal and non‐tribal populations with East Asian Ancestry from North East India
Authors: Chhungi Varhlun , Ningombam Somorjit Singh , Yadav Suniti , Singh Huidrom Suraj , Devi Naorem Kiranmala , Chandel Shivani , Mondal Prakash Ranjan , Sachdeva Mohinder Pal , Saraswathy Kallur Nava 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe distribution of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity variables were studied among tribal and non‐tribal populations with East Asian ancestry from northeast India.MethodsData pertaining to somatometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile, and fasting blood glucose were collected from 1916 participants (Mizo‐422, Liangmai‐352, and Meitei‐1142) of both sexes older than 18 years. Two‐way ANOVA and chi square analysis were done to understand the inter‐population prevalence differences.ResultsDifferential distribution of obesity variables, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia was observed among the three populations.ConclusionsPopulation‐specific prevalence studies need to be conducted to develop population‐specific health strategies, specifically in countries like India with huge diversity.
Strong red emissions induced by Pt–Pt interactions in binuclear cycloplatinated(II) complexes containing bridging diphosphines
Authors: Nazari Morteza , Shahsavari Hamid R. 
Published: June 2019

A series of dinuclear cycloplatinated(II) complexes with general closed formula of [Pt2Me2(C^N)2(μ‐P^P)] (C^N = 2‐vinylpyridine (Vpy), 2,2′‐bipyridine N‐oxide (O‐bpy), 2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy); P^P = 1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm), N,N‐bis(diphenylphosphino)amine (dppa)) are reported. The complexes were characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy. Due to the presence of dppm and dppa with short backbones as bridging ligands, two platinum centres are located in front of each other in these complexes so a Pt…Pt interaction is established. Because of this Pt…Pt interaction, the complexes have bright orange colour under ambient light and are able to strongly emit red light under UV light exposure. These strong red emissions originate from a 3MMLCT (metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer) electronic transition. In most of these complexes, the emissions have unstructured bell‐shaped bands, confirming the presence of large amount of 3MMLCT character in the emissive state. Only the complexes bearing dfppy and dppa ligands reveal dual luminescence: a high‐energy structured emission originating from 3ILCT/3MLCT (intra‐ligand charge transfer/metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer) and an unstructured low‐energy band associated with 3MMLCT. In order to describe the nature of the electronic transitions, density functional theory calculations were performed for all the complexes.
Development and characterization of graphitic carbon nitride as nonblack filler in natural rubber composites
Authors: Bansod Naresh D. , Roy Kumarjyoti , Das Chayan , Vidyasagar Devthade , Potiyaraj Pranut 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA new type of elastomeric composite containing natural rubber (NR) and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been successfully prepared with the reinforced property. The reinforcing effect of g‐C3N4 in NR composites was examined by cure, mechanical, morphological, and swelling studies. Besides, epoxidized NR with 50‐mol % epoxy level (ENR‐50) was used as a compatibilizer to enhance the hydrophilic g‐C3N4 filler capacity for hydrophobic NR composites. At the same filler load level, the mechanical properties of NR/g‐C3N4 composites, such as tensile strength and tensile modulus, were consistently increased with increased ENR‐50 content. To note, the ENR compatibilized composites have shown better‐reinforced performance, which has been attributed to the hydrogen bonding interactions between the uncondensed amine groups in g‐C3N4 and the polar groups in ENR. We believe that these newly prepared NR composites based on g‐C3N4 as nonblack filler and ENR‐50 as compatibilizer can find potential applications in modern day rubber research. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48136.
Transient response comparison of feedback and feed‐forward compensation methods in systems with zero steady state error
Authors: Matía Fernando 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controllers with integral action are conventionally used as feedback controllers. They are used to obtain zero steady‐state error when the reference input or the disturbance are steps and where zero‐type systems (i.e. with no poles at the origin) are controlled. The controller meets its objective when the controlled system is non linear, but usually introduces undesirable changes in the dynamics that must be compensated by readjusting the proportional gain. In this paper, we compare PID with two alternative techniques based on the use of a feed‐forward system and a multiple feedback system, respectively. A detailed comparison of the transient response obtained with these methods is presented and validated with some simulation examples.
Evaluation of EGFR inhibitor‐mediated acneiform skin toxicity within the double‐blind randomized EVITA trial: A thorough gender‐specific analysis using the WoMo score
Authors: Gaiser Maria R. , Lorenzen Sylvie , Merx Kirsten , Trojan Jörg , Ocvirk Janja , Ettrich Thomas J. , Al‐Batran Salah‐Eddin , Schulz Holger , Homann Nils , Feustel Hans‐Peter , Schatz Michael , Kripp Melanie , Schulte Nadine , Heeger Steffen , Vlassak Soetkin , Koch Winfried , Hofheinz Ralf‐Dieter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAcne‐like skin reactions frequently occur in patients undergoing treatment with drugs inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor. Recently, the effects of vitamin K1 containing cream (Reconval K1) as prophylactic skin treatment in addition to doxycycline were explored in a double‐blind randomized phase II trial (EVITA) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving cetuximab. EVITA demonstrated a trend towards less severe skin rash in Reconval K1‐treated patients using the tripartite WoMo skin reaction grading score as a thorough tool for quantification of drug related skin reactions. This gender‐specific analysis of the EVITA trial evaluated the application of the WoMo score for assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐related skin toxicities according to treatment arm and gender. To show the robustness of results parametric and non‐parametric statistical analyses were conducted. All three parts of the WoMo score independently demonstrated the superiority of the treatment arm (Reconval K1) regarding a significant reduction in acneiform skin reactions in women. Men did not benefit from Reconval K1 cream at any time point in none of the WoMo score analyses. The treatment effect in women was confirmed by the use of skin rash categories based on the final WoMo overall score and mixed effect longitudinal multiple linear regression analysis. The WoMo score represents a sensitive tool for studies exploiting treatments against EGFR mediated acne‐like skin rash. Part C of the WoMo score seems to be sufficient for quantification of drug related skin toxicities in further studies. Standard WoMo skin reaction score values for future studies are provided.
Pectasol‐C Modified Citrus Pectin targets Galectin‐3‐induced STAT3 activation and synergize paclitaxel cytotoxic effect on ovarian cancer spheroids
Authors: Hossein Ghamartaj , Halvaei Sina , Heidarian Yassaman , Dehghani‐Ghobadi Zeinab , Hassani Mina , Hosseini Homa , Naderi Nima , Sheikh Hassani Shahrzad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHere we sought to determine the relationship between STAT3 activity and Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) and to investigate the cytotoxic effect of PectaSol‐C Modified Citrus Pectin (Pect‐MCP) as a specific competitive inhibitor of Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) in combination with Paclitaxel (PTX) to kill the ovarian cancer cell SKOV‐3 multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS). To this order, SKOV‐3 cells in 2D and 3D cultures were treated with exogenous Gal‐3 for the assessment of STAT3 activity. Two‐way ANOVA main effect and IC50 of each drug Paclitaxel (PTX) and Pect‐MCP or in combination were obtained from MTT assay results. The phosphorylated STAT3 levels, migration, invasion, integrin mRNA and p‐AKTser473 levels were assessed in the absence or presence of each drug alone or in combination. Gal‐3 expression levels were assessed in human serous ovarian cancer (SOC) specimens and its correlation with different integrin mRNA levels was further assessed. Our results showed that Gal‐3 expression level was significantly increased in MCTS compared to monolayer SKOV‐3 cells which triggered STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, Pect‐MCP synergized with PTX to kill SKOV3 MCTS through abrogation of STAT3 activity and reduced expression of its downstream target HIF‐1α, reduced integrin mRNA levels, and subsequently decreased AKT activity. There were higher expression levels of Gal‐3 in human high‐grade SOC specimens compared to the normal ovary and borderline SOC which positively and significantly correlated with α5, β2 and β6 integrin mRNA levels. Together, these results revealed for the first time that Pect‐MCP could be considered as a potential drug to enhance the PTX effect on ovarian cancer cells MCTS through inhibition of STAT3 activity.
Simultaneous Determination and Analysis of Major Ginsenosides in Wild American Ginseng Grown in Tennessee
Authors: Liang Jian , Chen Li , Guo Yu‐Hang , Zhang Mengliang , Gao Ying 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGinsenosides are the major constituent that is responsible for the health effects of American ginseng. The ginsenoside profile of wild American ginseng is ultimately the result of germplasm, climate, geography, vegetation species, water, and soil conditions. This is the first report to address the ginsenoside profile of wild American ginseng grown in Tennessee (TN), the third leading state for production of wild American ginseng. In the present study, ten major ginsenosides in wild American ginseng roots grown in TN, including Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, and Rg3, were determined simultaneously. The chemotypic differences among TN wild ginseng, cultivated American ginseng, and Asian ginseng were assessed based on the widely used markers of ginsenoside profiling, including the top three ginsenosides, ratios of PPD/PPT, Rg1/Rb1, Rg1/Re, and Rb2/Rc. Our findings showed marked variation in ginsenoside profile for TN wild ginseng populations. Nevertheless, TN wild ginseng has significant higher ginsenoside content and more ginsenoside diversity than the cultivated ginseng. The total ginsenoside content in TN wild ginseng, as well as ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, increases with the age of the roots. Marked chemotypic differences between TN wild ginseng and cultivated American ginseng were observed based on the chemotypic markers. Surprisingly, we found that TN wild ginseng is close to Asian ginseng with regard to these characteristics in chemical composition. This study verified an accessible method to scientifically elucidate the difference in chemical constituents to distinguish wild from the cultivated American ginseng. This work is critical for the ecological and biological assessments of wild American ginseng so as to facilitate long‐term sustainability of the wild population.
Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma of the ear helix
Authors: Yim Sunmin , Lee Yun Ho , Chae Seoung Wan , Kim Won‐Serk 
Published: June 2019

Key Clinical MessageChronic cutaneous ulcer on the ear helix of 80‐year‐old male was diagnosed with squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma (SEDC). SEDC is characterized by both atypical squamous and ductal differentiation. SEDC frequently appears on sun‐exposed areas. It could show local recurrence despite complete resection. These characteristics demand cautious attention to SEDC.
Successful determination of nilotinib dosage by therapeutic drug monitoring in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia developing hepatic dysfunction: A case report
Authors: Nakahara Ryosuke , Sumimoto Takahiro , Ogata Masao , Sato Yuhki , Itoh Hiroki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFixed dosage regimen is currently the standard therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). This case report demonstrates successful determination of nilotinib dosage by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). TDM may provide useful marker for individualized dosing of TKI for the treatment of CML.
Comparison of methods for assigning the material properties of the distraction callus in computational models
Authors: Mora‐Macías Juan , Giráldez‐Sánchez Miguel Ángel , López Melchor , Domínguez Jaime , Reina‐Romo María Esther 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn silico models of distraction osteogenesis and fracture healing usually assume constant mechanical properties for the new bone tissue generated. In addition, these models do not always account for the porosity of the woven bone and its evolution. In this study, finite element analyses based on computed tomography (CT) are used to predict the stiffness of the callus until 69 weeks after surgery using 15 CT images obtained at different stages of an experiment on bone transport, technique in which distraction osteogenesis is used to correct bone defects. Three different approaches were used to assign the mechanical properties to the new bone tissue. First, constant mechanical properties of the hard callus tissue and no porosity were assumed. Nevertheless, this approach did not show good correlations. Second, random variations in the elastic modulus and porosity of the woven bone were taken from previous experimental studies. Finally, the elastic properties of each element were assigned depending on gray scale in CT images. The numerically predicted callus stiffness was compared with previous in vivo measurements. It was concluded firstly that assignment depending on gray scale is the method that provides the best results and secondly that the method that considers a random distribution of porosity and elastic modulus of the callus is also suitable to predict the callus stiffness from 15 weeks after surgery. This finding provides a method for assigning the material properties of the distraction callus, which does not require CT images and may contribute to improve current in silico models.
Clinical Evaluation of the Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation of Eptifibatide in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Liu Li , Ding Yanhua , Jiao Zheng , Wu Min , Li Cuiyun , Liu Jingrui , Liu Chengjiao , Hu Yue , Li Qingmei , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties and antiplatelet aggregation activity of eptifibatide in healthy Chinese subjects. Eptifibatide (180 μg/kg) was administrated by 2 bolus injections 10 minutes apart, followed by a 2.0 μg/kg/min infusion for 24 hours. The eptifibatide pharmacokinetic and antiplatelet aggregation activities were evaluated using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling and noncompartmental analysis. Safety assessments included adverse events, hematology, and biochemistry tests. Twelve Chinese healthy subjects were enrolled and completed the study. Steady‐state concentrations were achieved at 0.5 to 24 hours after dosing. The median time to maximum concentration was 13 minutes, and the mean terminal elimination half‐life was 148.19 minutes. The effective inhibition of platelet aggregation (<20% platelet aggregation) occurred by 3 minutes after starting dosing to 4 hours after termination of the infusion. Eptifibatide concentrations were fitted with a 3‐compartment model, and the typical value of clearance was 0.11 L/min, with no significant covariates found. Three mild adverse events were detected in the study. Eptifibatide displays high sensitivity and excellent tolerability in healthy Chinese subjects. The dosage of eptifibatide recommended on the label for whites can effectively inhibit platelet aggregation.
Concept of temporal data retrieval: Undefined value management
Authors: Kvet Michal , Toth Stefan , Krsak Emil 
Published: June 2019

SummaryData reliability is the main part of the intelligence of current information systems. Objects can change their status anytime, highlighting the validity frame. Several solutions and architectures have been developed in the recent past to cover the complexity of data management over the whole life cycle. The common and most significant aspect is just the validity and correctness of the stored data tuples. Solutions, where data were updated always synchronously in strictly defined time points, frequency, and granularity, are over. Therefore, it is inevitable to create a solution suitable for the particular system to reach the best performance. We reference an attribute‐oriented temporal model with reflection on data grouping technologies. Many times, there is a case, during which the object is defined only partially or data tuple is not present at all. For these reasons, undefined values must be stored in the database in the form of time itself or attribute expressing the state of the object. This paper deals with time‐oriented database architectures, manages undefined values, and proposes a complex system classification based on transactions, approaches, and indexes. It deals with techniques to model undefined values and covers synchronization processes using data groups. We propose solutions for effective data retrieval with an emphasis on undefined values and states.
Machine learning algorithms to detect DDoS attacks in SDN
Authors: Santos Reneilson , Souza Danilo , Santo Walter , Ribeiro Admilson , Moreno Edward 
Published: June 2019

SummarySummary Software‐Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network paradigm that has gained significant traction from many researchers to address the requirement of current data centers. Although central control is the major advantage of SDN, it is also a single point of failure if it is made unreachable by a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. Despite the large number of traditional detection solutions that exist currently, DDoS attacks continue to grow in frequency, volume, and severity. This paper brings an analysis of the problem and suggests the implementation of four machine learning algorithms (SVM, MLP, Decision Tree, and Random Forest) with the purpose of classifying DDoS attacks in an SDN simulated environment (Mininet 2.2.2). With this goal, the DDoS attacks were simulated using the Scapy tool with a list of valid IPs, acquiring, as a result, the best accuracy with the Random Forest algorithm and the best processing time with the Decision Tree algorithm. Moreover, it is shown the most important features to classify DDoS attacks and some drawbacks in the implementation of a classifier to detect the three kinds of DDoS attacks discussed in this paper (controller attack, flow‐table attack, and bandwidth attack).