bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flame‐retardant cyanate ester resin with suppressed toxic volatiles based on environmentally friendly halloysite nanotube/graphene oxide hybrid
Authors: Zhang Zhijuan , Xu Wenwen , Yuan Li , Guan Qingbao , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTDevelopment of high‐performance thermosetting resins by adding environmentally friendly flame retardant to heat‐resistant resins without deteriorating their outstanding thermal stability is an important research direction. Here, a unique hybrid (GHNT) consisting of graphene oxide (GO) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) was synthesized, and then a series of composites based on cyanate ester (CE) resin were fabricated. The effects of GHNT on the heat resistance, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression of GHNT/CE composites were intensively investigated. The GHNT/CE composite with 5.0 wt % GHNT not only has about 15.1 °C higher initial degradation temperature, but also shows 54.6% or 37.9% lower peak heat release rate or maximum smoke density than CE resin. These results clearly demonstrate that GHNT is not the simple combination of GO and HNT; instead, it obviously shows positive synergistic effects in simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and thermal resistance of CE resin. The improved flame retardancy could be attributed to condensed‐phase mechanisms, including increasing char yield, building a dense char layer, and free radical scavenging. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46587.
Experimental investigation on mechanisms of fine particles generation for the Borealis Borstar multistage olefin polymerization process
Authors: Jiang Binbo , Ye Jian , Liao Zuwei , Shi Xiaomei , Huang Zhengliang , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTSimultaneous production of large amount of undesired fine particles is a big trouble in the Borstar multistage olefin polymerization process. Aiming at reducing the fine particles, the formation mechanism and formation location of the fine particles were thus studied. First, the influence of catalyst nature was considered. Second, the ash content, bulk density, morphology, and molecular weight distribution of polyethylene with different particle sizes from the small‐scale loop prepolymerization reactor, supercritical loop reactor, and gas phase fluidized bed reactor were studied, respectively. In combination with particle growth model, scanning electron microscope, gel permeation chromatography, and laser particle size analyzer, the particle morphology and growth kinetics were investigated. The results showed that fine particles were mostly generated in the supercritical loop reactor, and were significantly affected by the particle size distribution, residence time distribution, and particle fragmentation of the catalyst. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope images showed the catalysts with low activity tended to generate more fine particles. Based on these results, several strategies for reducing the amount of fine particles were proposed, which could be applied in the industrial process. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46589.
Preparation of cellulosic drug‐loaded hydrogel beads through electrostatic and host–guest interactions
Authors: Yang Li , Wang Ting 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTCyclodextrin‐grafted cellulosic hydrogel beads (CD+@HEC‐CMC‐gel) were prepared through electrostatic and host–guest interactions. β‐Cyclodextrin (CD+) modified with quaternary ammonium groups was used as the electropositive binding site, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a double‐network hydrogel structure was used as the electronegative binding site. The double‐network structure was obtained by controlling the crosslinking of CMC and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) in the presence of epichlorohydrin. The electrostatic interaction was used to graft CD+ onto the electronegative double‐network structure. Scanning electron microscopy indicated an obvious change in the cellulosic double network after grafting of CD+. The grafting content of CD+ in CD@HEC‐CMC‐gel is determined as 93.10 ± 0.74% by the photometric titration method. In order to evaluate the assembling and releasing ability, ibuprofen (IBU) was selected to be encapsulated in CD+@HEC‐CMC‐gel by host–guest interaction. In addition, the release of IBU by the hydrogel beads was explained by several kinetic models. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46593.
Combined Influence of Gelatin Fibre Topography and Growth Factors on Cultured Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons
Authors: Gnavi Sara , Morano Michela , Fornasari Benedetta Elena , Riccobono Claudio , Tonda‐Turo Chiara , Zanetti Marco , Ciardelli Gianluca , Gambarotta Giovanna , Perroteau Isabelle , Geuna Stefano , Raimondo Stefania 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTNerve guidance channels facilitate nerve regeneration and represent an attractive alternative to nerve graft. Actually, nano‐ and microstructured biomaterials for nerve reconstruction have gained much attention, thanks to recent discoveries about topography effects on cell behavior and morphology. Electrospun fibres have been proposed as filler or structural component for nerve guidance channels, principally due to their similarity with extracellular matrices which facilitate nerve regeneration. Among several tested biomaterials, gelatin has been used to prepare fibres able to support Schwann cell migration and neurite outgrowth. In this work, the effects of gelatin fibre size on axon elongation and Schwann cell migration have been tested using dorsal root ganglia cultures. Moreover, we analyzed how fibres might affect the expression of specific neuronal subtype markers in sensory neuron cultures and how the combined effect of substrate and biological cues affects neurite growth and gene expression. Data show that fibre topography differentially affects both neurite outgrowth and gene expression and suggest that fibre size and topography associated to specific growth factor exposure might be used to select neuron subpopulations and favor the axonal growth of specific neurons. Anat Rec, 301:1668–1677, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Titanium nanoparticles influence the Akt/Tor signal pathway in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, silk gland
Authors: Xue Bin , Li Fan‐Chi , Tian Jiang‐Hai , Li Jin‐Xin , Cheng Xiao‐Yu , Hu Jia‐Huan , Hu Jing‐Sheng , Li Bing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVarious nanoparticles, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and titanium nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are increasingly used in industrial processes. Because they are released into the environment, research into their influence on the biosphere is necessary. Among its other effects, dietary TiO2NPs promotes silk protein synthesis in silkworms, which prompted our hypothesis that TiO2NPs influence protein kinase B (Akt)/Target of rapamycin (Tor) signaling pathway (Akt/Tor) signaling in their silk glands. The Akt/Tor signaling pathway is a principle connector integrating cellular reactions to growth factors, metabolites, nutrients, protein synthesis, and stress. We tested our hypothesis by determining the influence of dietary TiO2NPs (for 72 h) and, separately, of two Akt/Tor pathway inhibitors (LY294002 and rapamycin) on expression of Akt/Tor signaling pathway genes and proteins in the silk glands. TiO2NPs treatments led to increased accumulation of mRNAs for Akt, Tor1 and Tor2 by 1.6‐, 12.1‐, and 4.8‐fold. Dietary inhibitors led to 2.6‐ to 4‐fold increases in mRNAs encoding Akt and substantial decreases in mRNAs encoding Tor1 and Tor2. Western blot analysis showed that dietary TiO2NPs increased the phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream proteins. LY294002 treatments led to inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and its downstream proteins and rapamycin treatments similarly inhibited the phosphorylation of Tor‐linked downstream proteins. These findings support our hypothesis that TiO2NPs influence Akt/Tor signaling in silk glands. The significance of this work is identification of specific sites of TiO2NPs actions.
Enhancing the chemiluminescence intensity of a KMnO4 formaldehyde system for estimating the total phenolic content in honey samples using a novel nanodroplet mixing approach in a microfluidics platform
Authors: Al Lawati Haider A. J. , Al Mughairy Baqia , Al Lawati Iman , Suliman FakhrEldin O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel mixing approach was utilized with a highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) in honey samples using an acidic potassium permanganate–formaldehyde system. The mixing approach was based on exploiting the mixing efficiency of nanodroplets generated in a microfluidic platform. Careful optimization of the instrument setup and various experimental conditions were employed to obtain excellent sensitivity. The mixing efficiency of the droplets was compared with the CL signal intensity obtained using the common serpentine chip design, with both approaches using at a total flow rate of 15 μl min−1; the results showed that the nanodroplets provided 600% higher CL signal intensity at this low flow rate. Using the optimum conditions, calibration equations, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) for gallic acid (GA), caffeic acid (CA), kaempferol (KAM), quercetin (QRC) and catechin (CAT) were obtained. The LOD ranged from 6.2 ppb for CA to 11.0 ppb for QRC. Finally, the method was applied for the determination of TPC in several local and commercial honey samples.
What is the actual prevalence of migraine?
Authors: Yeh Wei Z. , Blizzard Leigh , Taylor Bruce V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesPopulation prevalence studies of migraine report prevalence rates of between 2.6 and 21.7%, with an average of ~12%. However, migraine prevalence among neurologists is reported to be significantly higher, between 27.6% and 48.6%. Increasing knowledge of the protean manifestations of migraine may explain this difference. Similarly, under‐recognition of migraine in control groups may explain the lack of genetic and biomarker findings in this disorder. We therefore sought to determine the prevalence of migraine in an admixed group of individuals with varied knowledge of migraine symptomatology.MethodsAttendees at the Australian and New Zealand Association of Neurologists Annual Scientific Meeting (ANZAN ASM) 2017 were surveyed anonymously. Those surveyed included three groups: neurologists, neurology trainees, and others including nonclinical researchers, members of lay organizations, and representatives of the pharmaceutical industry.ResultsIn total, 313 of 606 attendees responded (51.7%). 65.9% of neurologist, 57.4% of trainee, and 52.5% of others respondents had a personal history of migraine, with the difference between neurologists and others being statistically significant (p = .03). Migraine in migraineurs and nonmigraine headache in nonmigraineurs were nearly all self‐diagnosed. Among neurologist migraineurs, 51.2% experienced migraine with aura and 43% migraine without aura.ConclusionsMigraine prevalence is significantly higher in neurologists compared to non‐neurologists and at least 2–3 times higher than reported in population prevalence studies. This may be due to significant under‐recognition of migraine in non‐neurologists. This under‐recognition of migraine may significantly influence the search for genetic predictors and biomarkers of migraine.
Anodic Deposition of Enantiopure Hexahelicene Layers
Authors: Vacek Jan , Hrbáč Jan , Strašák Tomáš , Církva Vladimír , Sýkora Jan , Fekete Ladislav , Pokorný Jan , Bulíř Jiří , Hromadová Magdalena , Crassous Jeanne , Storch Jan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHelicenes are polyaromatic compounds with chiral properties useful for many applications in optoelectronics, separation processes, chiral recognition and catalysis. Here we focused on the electrochemistry of carbo[n]helicenes (n=5,6,7). The cyclic voltammograms of racemic mixtures of target compounds in acetonitrile/0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate at a glassy carbon electrode reveal the diffusion‐controlled reactions in both anodic and cathodic potential regions. Electrochemical behaviors are different for individual helicenes, [7]helicene undergoes redox transformation easily in comparison to the other investigated compounds, which is in agreement with DFT (density functional theory) calculations. Generally, the multi‐component anodic process of helicenes is observable at potentials from +1.5 to +2.5 V, leading to the formation of deposited structures (layers) on the electrode surface. The helicenes were electrodeposited onto transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and characterized by atomic force microscopy, UV/Vis, Raman spectroscopy and ellipsometry. Finally, the anodic deposition of P and M enantiomers of [6]helicene was performed using ITO substrates, resulting in the formation of enantiopure layers of nanometer thicknesses, as confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The discovered electrosynthetic procedure opens up a new possibility for the immobilization of chiral helicene layers onto solid supports.
Higher‐order correlation–based multivariate statistical process monitoring
Authors: Lv Feiya , Wen Chenglin , Liu Meiqin , Bao Zhejing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs shallow architecture is inefficient in terms of computational elements, some incipient fault features can be characterized through the composition of many nonlinearities, ie, with deep network. In this paper, a novel approach is developed for multivariate statistical process monitoring based on higher‐order correlations. First, the correlations among monitoring variables can be learned by a multilayer learning framework hierarchically: The higher the number of layers to be stacked, the more nonlinear and abstract features can be characterized. Second, 3 monitoring statistics, SRE, M2, and C, are presented to monitor whether the process is remaining in control, and they are instructive for the identification of fault types. Moreover, only normal data are used in training phase; this can avoid the unbalance problem of different types of fault data. These capabilities of the proposed approach are illustrated with two industrial benchmarks, Tennessee Eastman process and Metal Etch process.
Disulfuryl Dichloride ClSO2OSO2Cl: A Conformation and Polymorphism Chameleon
Authors: Moreno Betancourt Angélica , Schwabedissen Jan , Romano Rosana M. , Della Védova Carlos O. , Beckers Helmut , Willner Helge , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDisulfuryl dichloride ClSO2OSO2Cl was characterized by vibrational spectroscopy in the gaseous and liquid phase as well as in the Ar‐matrix. By varying the temperature, certain bands could be assigned to several conformers. Gas‐phase electron diffraction revealed a dominance of theanti‐conformer at ambient temperature. The same conformation was found in the solid state. Via the in situ technique for crystallization, not less than four different modifications were identified. Among these different modifications, the structural parameters of the molecules remain relatively constant, but the aggregation pattern changes. Although the molecules aggregate by chlorine⋅⋅⋅oxygen contacts in each modification, the geometrical parameters of these interaction show significant differences and were evaluated and are in part inconsistent with the halogen bonding concept.
Di‐(2‐picolyl)‐N‐(2‐quinolinylmethyl)amine‐Functionalized Triarylboron: Lewis Acidity Enhancement and Fluorogenic Discrimination Between Fluoride and Cyanide in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yuan Mao‐Sen , Du Xianchao , Liu Zhiqiang , Li Tianbao , Wang Wenji , Anslyn Eric V. , Wang Jinyi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTriarylboron‐based Lewis acids as fluoride sensors face a stimulating academic challenge because of the high hydration enthalpy of fluoride, and are usually influenced by a competing response for cyanide ion. Herein, we present a new triarylborane functionalized by a metal‐ion ligand, di‐(2‐picolyl)‐N‐(2‐quinolinylmethyl)amine, with subsequent metalation. In aqueous solution, this triarylborane (QB) can capture fluoride and cyanide anions through chelation induced by the synergy of boron and metal ions. Moreover, this triarylborane moiety acts as a fluorescent reporter of the binding, allowing for discrimination between fluoride and cyanide anions through dual‐channel fluorescence changes. The different chelation models and fluorogenic responses of this sensor toward F− and CN− were verified by the single‐crystal structures of 2‐to‐2 adduct for KCN and 1‐to‐1 for KF.
Functional Microgels for the Decoration of Biointerfaces
Authors: Kodlekere Purva , Pich Andrij 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicrogels constitute a class of materials that have increasingly proven interesting for utilization in biological applications. Due to the versatility provided by microgel constructs with regards to their dimensions, functionality and mechanical properties, their use as building blocks at biological interfaces has been a field of great interest for numerous researchers. In this review, we summarize the advantages that microgel‐based systems provide, when employed for the decoration of biointerfaces. These include control over the chemical structure, crosslink density and thickness of coatings fabricated using microgels. We also review the current state of affairs in the design of microgel‐laden biointerfaces and the challenges that remain unmitigated. Lastly, we provide some examples of current and future work being undertaken and developed with the goal of resolution of some of these issues.
Machine learning method for energy reduction by utilizing dynamic mixed precision on GPU‐based supercomputers
Authors: Rojek Krzysztof 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn this work, we propose a method that allows us to reduce energy consumption of an application executed on supercomputing centers. The proposed method is based on a mixed precision arithmetic where the precision of data is calibrated at runtime. For this reason, we develop a modified version of the random forest algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated with a real‐life scientific application called MPDATA, which is part of the numerical model used in weather forecasting. The energy efficiency of the proposed method is examined using two GPU‐based clusters. The first of them is the Piz Daint supercomputer, currently ranked 3rd at the TOP500 list (November 2017). It is equipped with NVIDIA Tesla P100 GPU accelerators based on the Pascal architecture. The second is the MICLAB cluster containing NVIDIA Tesla K80 based on the Kepler architecture. The achieved results show that the proposed machine learning method allows us to provide the accuracy of computation comparable with that achieved double precision and reduce the energy consumption up to 36% compared to the double precision version of MPDATA.
Solution Growth of Silicon Carbide Using the Vertical Bridgman Method
Authors: Fahlbusch Lars , Wellmann Peter J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA solution growth process combined of vertical Bridgman and vertical gradient freeze in a metal free Si‐C melt at growth temperatures of 2300 °C is developed. The influence of the growth parameters for different growth steps and of the surface polarity of the seed is investigated. The layers are evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry. The growth of high quality SiC layers with a diameter of 30 mm and a layer thickness up to 200 µm is achieved.
Pyrosynthesis of Na3V2(PO4)3@C Cathodes for Safe and Low‐Cost Aqueous Hybrid Batteries
Authors: Islam Saiful , Alfaruqi Muhammad Hilmy , Putro Dimas Yunianto , Mathew Vinod , Kim Sungjin , Jo Jeonggeun , Kim Seokhun , Sun Yang‐Kook , Kim Kwangho , Kim Jaekook 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRechargeable hybrid aqueous batteries (ReHABs) have emerged as promising sustainable energy‐storage devices because all components are environmentally benign and abundant. In this study, a carbon‐wrapped sponge‐like Na3V2(PO4)3 nanoparticle (NVP@C) cathode is prepared by a simple pyrosynthesis for use in the ReHAB system with impressive rate capability and high cyclability. A high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction study confirmed the formation of pure Na ion superionic conductor (NASICON) NVP with rhombohedral structure. When tested in the ReHAB system, the NVP@C demonstrated high rate capability (66 mAh g−1 at 32 C) and remarkable cyclability over 1000 cycles (about 72 % of the initial capacity is retained at 30 C). Structural transformation and oxidation change studies of the electrode evaluated by using in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively, confirmed the high reversibility of the NVP@C electrode in the ReHAB system through a two‐phase reaction. The combined strategy of nanosizing and carbon‐wrapping in the NVP particles is responsible for the remarkable electrochemical properties. The pyrosynthesis technique appears to be a promising and feasible approach to prepare a high‐performance electrode for safe and low‐cost ReHAB systems as nextgeneration large‐scale energy storage devices.
The impact of cognitive impairment in dementia on self‐care domains in diabetes: A systematic search and narrative review
Authors: Santos Tamsin , Lovell Janaka , Shiell Kerrie , Johnson Marilyn , Ibrahim Joseph E. 
Published: April 2018

SummarySelf‐management is integral to effective chronic disease management. Cognitive impairments (CogImp) associated with dementia have not previously been reviewed in diabetes mellitus (DM) self‐care. The aims of this study are to know (1) whether CogImp associated with dementia impact self‐care and (2) whether specific CogImp affects key DM self‐care processes. A systematic literature search with a narrative review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. This review examined studies published from January, 2000 to February, 2016 describing the relationship between cognition and DM self‐care domains in community dwelling older adults with dementia/CogImp. Eight studies met inclusion criteria. Decrements in all self‐care domains were associated with CogImp. Problem solving was related to reduced disease knowledge (OR 0.87, 95% CI = 0.49‐1.55), resulting in poorer glycemic control. Decision‐making impairments manifested as difficulties in adjusting insulin doses, leading to more hospital admissions. People without CogImp were better able to find/utilize resources by adhering to recommended management (OR 1.03, 95% CI = 1.02‐1.05). A lack of interaction with health care providers was demonstrated through reduced receipt of important routine investigation including eye examinations (ARR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.85‐0.86), HbA1c testing (ARR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.96‐0.97), and LDL‐C testing (ARR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.901‐0.914). People without CogImp had better clinic attendance (OR 2.17, 95% CI = 1.30‐3.70). Action taking deficits were apparent through less self‐testing of blood sugar levels (20.2% vs 24.4%, P = 0.1) resulting in poorer glycemic control, self‐care, and more frequent micro/macrovascular complications. Persons with diabetes and CogImp, particularly in domains of learning, memory and executive function, were significantly impaired in all self‐care tasks.