bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugation of Polycationic Peptides Extends the Efficacy Spectrum of β‐Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: Werner Julia , Umstätter Florian , Böhmann Manuel B. , Müller Hannah , Beijer Barbro , Hertlein Tobias , Kaschnitz Laura , Bram Veronika , Kleist Christian , Klika Karel D. , Mühlberg Eric , Braune Gabriel , Wohlfart Sabrina , Gärtner Martin , Peter Silke , Zimmermann Stefan , Haberkorn Uwe , Ohlsen Knut , Brötz‐Oesterhelt Heike , Mier Walter , Uhl Philipp 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAntibiotic‐resistant enterococci represent a significant global health challenge. Unfortunately, most β‐lactam antibiotics are not applicable for enterococcal infections due to intrinsic resistance. To extend their antimicrobial spectrum, polycationic peptides are conjugated to examples from each of the four classes of β‐lactam antibiotics. Remarkably, the β‐lactam–peptide conjugates gained an up to 1000‐fold increase in antimicrobial activity against vancomycin‐susceptible and vancomycin‐resistant enterococci. Even against β‐lactam‐resistant Gram‐negative strains, the conjugates are found to be effective despite their size exceeding the exclusion volume of porins. The extraordinary gain of activity can be explained by an altered mode of killing. Of note, the conjugates showed a concentration‐dependent activity in contrast to the parent β‐lactam antibiotics that exhibited a time‐dependent mode of action. In comparison to the parent β‐lactams, the conjugates showed altered affinities to the penicillin‐binding proteins. Furthermore, it is found that peptide conjugation also resulted in a different elimination route of the compounds when administered to rodents. In mice systemically infected with vancomycin‐resistant enterococci, treatment with a β‐lactam–peptide conjugate reduced bacterial burden in the liver compared to its originator. Therefore, peptide modification of β–lactam antibiotics represents a promising platform strategy to broaden their efficacy spectrum, particularly against enterococci.
Soil greenhouse gas emissions under enhanced efficiency and urea nitrogen fertilizer from Australian irrigated aerobic rice production
Authors: Webb Jackie R. , Champness Matt , Hornbuckle John , Quayle Wendy C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAerobic rice production offers a promising solution to improve water use efficiency and reduce methane (CH4) emissions by minimizing water inundation. However, alternate water‐saving methods for rice cultivation can lead to “trade‐off” emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). A field experiment was conducted over one season measuring soil‐derived greenhouse gas emissions in irrigated aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different N fertilizer management at a rate of 220 kg N ha−1, including a nil treatment (“control”); slow release (180 days) polymer‐coated urea (“N180”); banded urea applied upfront (“urea”); and three applications of broadcast urea (“urea‐split”). The N180 treatment reduced soil N2O emissions compared with urea (p < 0.001), with mean cumulative N2O emissions of 4.36 ± 1.07 kg N ha−1 and 27.9 ± 5.70 kg N ha−1, respectively. Soil N2O fluxes were high, reaching up to 1916 and 2900 µg N m2 h−1 after urea application and irrigation/rain events, and were similar to other irrigated crops grown on heavy textured soils. Fertilizer N management had no effect on soil CH4 emissions, which were negligible across all treatments ranging from 1.28 to 2.75 kg C ha−1 over the growing season. Cumulative soil carbon dioxide emissions ranged from 1936 to 3071 kg C ha−1 and were greatest in N180. This case study provides the first evidence in Australia that enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizer can substantially reduce N2O emissions from soils in an aerobic rice system. Our findings reinforce the CH4 mitigation potential of water saving rice approaches and demonstrate the need to consider N fertilizer management to control N2O emissions.
Electrostatic Self‐Assembly of Ag‐NPs Mediated by Eu3+ Complexes for Physically Unclonable Function Labels
Authors: Kou Yao , Guo Yanan , Liang Lijuan , Li Xue , Wang Yifan , Su Pingru , Yan Chun‐Hua , Tang Yu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPhysically unclonable functions (PUFs) are essential for anticounterfeiting. Creating high‐stability, multimode, and secure labels remains challenging. Herein, we present a novel self‐assembly method for modulating the optical signals of rare‐earth (RE) complexes via interactions with Ag nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs). Initially, we engineered a positively charged Eu3+ complex ([EuL3]3+), which promotes the self‐assembly of negatively charged Ag‐NPs to form Eu/Ag‐NPs composites. The assembly of Ag‐NPs induces a surface plasmon effect that boosts the luminescent quantum yield and Raman signal intensities, and modifies the luminescence lifetime of the [EuL3]3+. Crucially, these micron‐scale Eu/Ag‐NPs can be applied to substrates, facilitating high‐resolution signal acquisition and diverse information encoding within limited space. Validation experiments reveal that PUF labels crafted using Eu/Ag‐NPs exhibit inherent randomness and uniqueness, along with stable and repeatable signal output. The strategic self‐assembly of Ag‐NPs, mediated by [EuL3]3+, along with the effective modulation of material properties, paves the way for advancing high‐resolution, high‐information‐density solutions in anticounterfeiting technologies.
Practical Considerations for Using Personal Cooling Garments for Heat Stress Management in Physically Demanding Occupations: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using Realist Evaluation
Authors: Tetzlaff Emily J. , Ioannou Leonidas G. , O'Connor Fergus K. , Kaltsatou Antonia , Ly Valentina , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionDue to rising temperature extremes, workplaces are seeking new solutions, such as using personal cooling garments (PCG) to mitigate and manage workplace heat exposure. This systematic review sought to assess the physiological and perceptual effects of PCGs on workers in standard work clothing performing moderate‐to‐heavy intensity tasks in hot environments.MethodsA peer‐reviewed search strategy was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Global Health, and Business Source Complete with no language or time limits. A meta‐analysis using a realist evaluation framework was then performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the PCGs.ResultsThirty‐three studies with 764 participants (98% male; average 21 ± 34 participants per study), conducted primarily in a laboratory setting (76%) were included. The studies were 193 ± 190 min in duration and consisted of a moderate‐to‐heavy work effort of 3.3 ± 1.0 METs in hot ambient conditions (temperature: 35.9 ± 3.3°C, 51.4 ± 12.1% relative humidity, wet bulb globe temperature [WBGT] 31.2 ± 2.6°C). The PCGs (n = 67) facilitated heat exchange through conduction (n = 39), evaporation (n = 4), convection (n = 2), radiation (n = 2), or hybrid combinations (n = 20). Conductive and hybrid PCGs offered the greatest thermoregulatory benefit, whereby core temperature (Tc) and heart rate (HR) reductions were consistently observed (Conductive: Tc: −0.3°C, HR: −12 bpm; Hybrid: Tc:−0.2°C, HR: −10 bpm), while PCGs directed at enhancing evaporative and radiative heat exchange had no or minimal effect on the physiological outcomes assessed (i.e., TC < 0.1°C, HR: < 0.7 bpm).ConclusionWhile the PCGs had a positive overall effect, conductive options offered the most consistent benefit to workers. WBGT, clothing insulation, and duration of wear significantly affected some physiological and perceptual outcomes.
Increased number of dispatches in emergency medical services correlates to response time extension
Authors: Ishikawa Natsuko , Tomita Keisuke , Shimazui Takashi , Tochigi Yoko , Nakada Taka‐aki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThis study investigated the correlation between the number of emergency medical service (EMS) dispatches and response time extension. In addition, we conducted a simulation to assess the potential for reducing response times by relocating the ambulance based on the number of dispatches.MethodsThis retrospective observational study analyzed data on patients treated with EMS between May 1 and June 25, 2021, in an urban area (Chiba City, Japan). Spearman's rank correlation tests were used to analyze the correlations among the number of dispatches, response time extension, and ambulance distance. We created a heat map to visualize the number of dispatches and distribution of emergency case occurrences, and simulated the relocation of the EMS team with the lowest number of dispatches to the closest EMS team with the highest number of dispatches.ResultsIn total, 7915 emergency cases were included. The median response time across all dispatches was 9 min, whereas that for the response time extension cases was 12 min. There was a significant positive correlation between the increased number of dispatches, response time extension (r = 0.94, p < 0.0001), and ambulance distance (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001). The relocation simulation significantly shortened the average response time from 13 min and 30 s to 12 min and 11 s (9.9% decrease, p < 0.0001).ConclusionAn increased number of dispatches significantly increased the response time extension cases and ambulance distance. Our simulation suggests that EMS relocation can potentially shorten the response time. While increased dispatches influence the response time extension, optimal EMS allocation may improve response times.
Sex Modifies the Severity and Outcome of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Rivier Cyprien A. , Renedo Daniela , Marini Sandro , Magid‐Bernstein Jessica R. , de Havenon Adam , Rosand Jonathan , Hanley Daniel F. , Ziai Wendy C. , Mayer Stephan A. , Woo Daniel , Sansing Lauren H. , Sheth Kevin N. , Anderson Christopher D. , Falcone Guido J. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThe limited existing evidence on sex differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with spontaneous, non‐traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) comes from small, single‐center studies. Here, we performed an individual patient data meta‐analysis of 3 randomized clinical trials and 1 multi‐ethnic observational study of ICH to investigate the impact of sex on ICH severity and outcome.MethodsInclusion criteria in our study were a neuroimaging‐confirmed ICH. We evaluated whether sex was associated with ICH severity (hematoma volume and expansion) and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale >3) 3 or 6 months after the ICH.ResultsA total of 4,812 ICH patients were evaluated (mean age 62, 40% female). Males with ICH were younger, more likely to be smokers and have diabetes, and less likely to be on anticoagulants (all p < 0.05). In multivariable analyses, male sex was associated with non‐lobar location (odds ratio [OR]: 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.39–1.92]; p < 0.001), larger hemorrhages (beta: 0.16 [0.08–0.23]; p < 0.001) and a higher risk of hematoma expansion (OR: 1.43 [1.20–1.71]; p < 0.001). Despite the larger hemorrhage volume and higher risk of expansion, male sex was associated with a 24% lower risk of poor outcomes (OR: 0.76 [0.64–0.90]; p = 0.002).InterpretationCompared to females, males with ICH have larger bleeds and higher risk of hematoma expansion. Despite the larger bleeds and higher risk of hematoma expansion, males with ICH have lower risk of poor outcomes. Our results suggest that the biology and clinical trajectory are different in females and males with ICH, supporting sex‐specific research in this condition. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:232–241
Synthesis of Functionalized Cycloheptadienones Starting from Phenols and Using a Rhodium/Boron Asymmetric Catalytic System
Authors: Han Jiabin , Fan Yaxin , Yang Xiaoyan , Zhu Yuanhao , Zhang Xuheng , Zhang Fukuan , Hao Gefei , Jiang Yaojia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSkeletal editing offers a unique route to assemble complex architectures from simple feedstocks that are otherwise difficult to obtain. However, the asymmetric version of skeletal editing has not been widely studied. Herein, we present a modular rhodium/boron asymmetric catalytic system that enables ring‐expansion of phenols with cyclopropenes to synthesize highly functionalized cycloheptadienones in excellent chemo‐ and regioselectivities. This unique protocol features with low‐catalyst loading, atom and step‐economies, and mild neutral reaction conditions. Isotope‐labelling experiments and DFT calculations have been conducted to reveal that boron reagent plays a vital role in the whole catalytic cycle.
Functionalization of Covalent Organic Frameworks with Cyclopentadienyl Cobalt for C2H2/CO2 Separation
Authors: Wang Xiaokang , Liu Hongyan , Sun Meng , Gao Fei , Feng Xueying , Xu Mingming , Fan Weidong , Sun Daofeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEmerging covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received great attention for their unique features, but the limited building blocks restrict their structural diversity and performance exploration. Reticular chemistry provides guidance for the structural expansion and performance regulation of COFs. Herein, we constructed two novel two‐dimensional (2D) COFs functionalized with cyclopentadienyl cobalt, denoted as UPC‐COF‐1 and UPC‐COF‐2, via [4+2] imine condensation with diamine building blocks of different length. Theoretical simulations combined with experimental results reveal that UPC‐COF‐1 with shorter building blocks, narrower pore sizes, and stronger host–guest interactions has better C2H2/CO2 separation performance. In addition, UPC‐COF‐1 can maintain separation stability in the presence of water vapor and methane impurities. This work provides a new evidence for the performance regulation of isoreticular COFs with modular and tunable building blocks.
Energy‐Transfer Enabled 1,4‐Aryl Migration
Authors: Wen Shu‐Ya , Chen Jun‐Jie , Zheng Yu , Han Jia‐Xun , Huang Huan‐Ming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFunctional group translocation is undoubtedly a pivotal synthetic transformation in organic chemistry. Numerous types of reactions involving radical 1,2‐aryl or 1,4‐aryl migration via electron transfer mechanism have been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, energy‐transfer enabled 1,4‐arylation remains unknown. Herein we disclose that an unprecedented di‐π‐ethane rearrangement featuring 1,4‐aryl migration facilitated by energy transfer catalysis under visible light conditions. The newly developed mild protocol exhibits tolerance towards diverse functional groups and enables the migration of a multitude of aromatic rings, encompassing both electron‐withdrawing and electron‐rich functional groups. The open‐shell strategy has also found successful application in the modification of several drugs. Large‐scale experiments, continuous‐flow experiment, and versatile manipulation of products have demonstrated the robustness and potential utility of this synthetic method. Preliminary mechanistic studies have supported the involvement of radical species in this di‐π‐ethane rearrangement and have also provided evidence for the energy transfer mechanism.
A Novel Mesoporous SBA‐15 Supported Bifunctional Heterogeneous Catalyst for Base‐Free Transfer Hydrogenation Reaction of Ketones
Authors: Gök Halil Zeki , Arlı Osman Tayyar , Gök Yaşar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAmong the problems encountered in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation reactions of ketones, the base sensitivity of ketones and the corrosive effects of the bases used in the reaction have an important place especially in industrial terms. Although there are various approaches to overcome this problem, solutions based on the intrinsic properties of the catalyst used seem more suitable. Within the scope of this study, a novel heterogeneous catalyst was prepared for the transfer hydrogenation reaction of ketones, which can operate in base‐free environment. To prepare the heterogeneous catalyst, 1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine was first tosylated and then the silyl derivative was synthesized and grafted onto mesoporous silica SBA‐15. Characterizations of the obtained heterogeneous catalyst and SBA‐15 were carried out by X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), N2 sorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis. The results obtained showed that the functionalized 1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine compound was successfully immobilized into the SBA‐15 structure. Determination of the catalytic activity of the heterogeneous catalyst was carried out in transfer hydrogenation reactions of various aromatic ketones. After determining the optimum reaction conditions with acetophenone, a conversion rate of (70%) was observed in the acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol reaction that took place without a base. Under same conditions a higher conversion rate of (73%) was observed in the 4′‐chloroacetophenone to 1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)ethanol reaction. In the reactions performed to determine recyclability, after a 70% conversion rate, 61% and 65% conversion rates, respectively, were observed in the reaction from acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol under the same conditions.
Synthesis and characterization of waterborne polyurethane‐based marine antifouling coating modified via glycerol laurate
Authors: Cao Miao , Xiao Qiaoyi , Wu Bo , Luo Zhisheng , Dai Zhengwei , Yi Jie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMarine biofouling is a major international challenge since it is responsible for several environmental problems and economic losses. Developing a novel antifouling coating with good water resistance, adhesion, and controlled degradation performance is crucial to solving the problem. Herein, a series of waterborne polyurethane emulsions were synthesized using the prepolymerization chain expansion and self‐emulsification method, with varying contents of glycerol laurate (GL) as the post‐chain extender. The findings demonstrated a notable enhancement in the controllable degradation performance, adhesion, marine antifouling properties, and water resistance with an increase in the concentration of GL. In particular, the film exhibited the most optimal overall properties when the introduction amount of GL was 2 wt%. The absorption rate of the artificial seawater (ASW) reached a state of equilibrium when GWPU2 was immersed in ASW for 60 days, with a final value of approximately 18.5%. The release rates of the GWPU2 antifouling coatings were observed to be the lowest at approximately 120 days, with a rate of approximately 37.59 μg/cm2/day. The long‐term antifouling capability of the GWPU resins was demonstrated in marine field tests, wherein they exhibited sustained antifouling activity for a period exceeding 9 months. In particular, GWPU2 exhibited noteworthy antifouling performance.
Development of a molecularly imprinted poly‐pyrrole biosensor for rapid and accurate estimation of liothyronine: Toward point‐of‐care quality assessment
Authors: Singh Deepanmol , Shrivastav Akanksha , Kulkarni Rushiraj , Mishra Annu , Mahindroo Neeraj , Mathur Ashish 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLiothyronine (T3) is a thyroid hormone, which is frequently administered alongside thyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism. However, several market withdrawals have been called for due to persistent quality issues with liothyronine tablets. Given its narrow therapeutic index, maintaining optimal liothyronine levels is imperative, highlighting the criticality of ensuring quality both during manufacturing and at the patient's bedside. In this study, we introduce a pioneering electroanalytical biosensor designed for liothyronine estimation using molecularly imprinted poly‐pyrrole (MIP‐Ppy). Notably, the sensor demonstrates linear response within the concentration range of 50–300 pg/mL (r2 = 0.986) with a remarkable limit of detection (LOD) of 80 pg/mL. Interference studies were performed to validate the sensor's robustness, displaying negligible response alterations. This method was used for the assay of liothyronine tablets and was compared with the traditional HPLC method. The MIP‐Ppy biosensor showed 90.7% recovery with a minimal relative standard deviation of 0.093 whereas HPLC showed 91.2% recovery with RSD 0.052. These findings underscore the biosensor's potential as a cost‐effective alternative to sophisticated chromatographic methods for liothyronine estimation in pharmaceutical tablets. This advancement lays the groundwork for the development of a user‐friendly point‐of‐care device.
Polymeric Lithium Battery using Membrane Electrode Assembly
Authors: Barcaro Edoardo , Marangon Vittorio , Bresser Dominic , Hassoun Jusef 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlternative configuration of lithium cell exploits electrode and polymer electrolyte cast all‐in‐one to form a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), in analogy to fuel cell technology. The electrolyte is based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), lithium bis‐trifluoromethane sulfonyl imide (LiTFSI) conducting salt, LiNO3 sacrificial film‐forming agent to stabilize the lithium metal, and fumed silica (SiO2) to increase the polymer amorphous degree. The membrane has conductivity ranging from ~5×10−4 S cm−1 at 90 °C to 1×10−4 S cm−1 at 50 °C, lithium transference number of ~0.4, and relevant interphase stability. The MEA including LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode is cycled in polymer lithium cells operating at 3.4 V and 70 °C, with specific capacity of ~155 mAh g−1 (1 C=170 mA gLFP−1) for over 100 cycles, without signs of decay or dendrite formation. The cell exploiting the MEA shows enhanced electrochemical performance as compared with the one using simple polymeric membrane stacked between cathode and anode. Furthermore, the MEA reveals the key advantage of possible scalability and applicability in roll‐to‐roll systems for achieving high‐energy lithium metal battery, as demonstrated by pouch‐cell application. These data may trigger new interest on this challenging battery exploiting the polymer configuration for achieving environmentally/economically sustainable, and safe energy storage.
Digital learning technologies usage during Covid‐19 lockdowns
Authors: Sandu Alexandra , Taylor Chris 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe global impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on school education has been unprecedented, with widespread school closures and the need for education to be delivered remotely. By providing an overview of the continuity of learning and teaching during the 2019–2021 academic years, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of the pandemic on the use of digital learning technologies in Wales. This study links usage data from the Government's National Learning Platform (Hwb) to national administrative school records for all pupils in maintained schools. It employs a quantitative methodology to model the inequalities in digital learning technology usage. Multiple linear regression is used to quantify the factors associated with pupils’ use of the national learning platform before and during the pandemic, with a particular emphasis on school closures. The study's findings show notable differences in the level of learning platform usage across school sectors, with primary school pupils using the platform the most. Furthermore, school‐level teacher usage of the platform and household socioeconomic status are key factors influencing pupil usage. The analysis also reveals that levels of learning platform usage prior to the first school closure were associated with learning platform usage in the first school closure period, and usage in the second school closure period was also associated with usage in the first school closure period.