bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-stage Reactive Formation of Troctolites in Slow-spreading Oceanic Lithosphere (Erro–Tobbio, Italy): a Combined Field and Petrochemical Study
Authors: Basch Valentin , Rampone Elisabetta , Crispini Laura , Ferrando Carlotta , Ildefonse Benoit , Godard Marguerite 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Many recent studies have investigated the replacive formation of troctolites from mantle protoliths and the compositional evolution of the percolating melt during melt–rock interaction processes. However, strong structural and geochemical constraints for a replacive origin have not yet been established. The Erro–Tobbio impregnated mantle peridotites are primarily associated with a hectometre-size troctolitic body and crosscutting gabbroic dykes, providing a good field control on melt–rock interaction processes and subsequent magmatic intrusions. The troctolitic body exhibits high inner complexity, with a host troctolite (Troctolite A) crosscut by a second generation of troctolitic metre-size pseudo-tabular bodies (Troctolite B). The host Troctolite A is characterized by two different textural types of olivine, corroded deformed millimetre- to centimetre-size olivine and fine-grained rounded undeformed olivine, both embedded in interstitial to poikilitic plagioclase and clinopyroxene. Troctolite A shows melt–rock reaction microstructures indicative of replacive formation after percolation and impregnation of mantle dunites by a reactive melt. The evolution of the texture and crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of olivine are correlated and depend on the melt/rock ratio involved in the impregnation process. A low melt/rock ratio allows the preservation of the protolith structure, whereas a high melt/rock ratio leads to the disaggregation of the pre-existing matrix. The mineral compositions in Troctolite A define reactive trends, indicative of the buffering of the melt composition by assimilation of olivine during impregnation. The magmatic Troctolite B bodies are intruded within the pre-existing Troctolite A and are characterized by extreme textural variations of olivine, from decimetre-size dendritic to fine-grained euhedral crystals embedded in poikilitic plagioclase. This textural variability is the result of olivine assimilation during melt–rock reaction and the correlated increase in the degree of undercooling of the percolating melt. In the late gabbroic intrusions, mineral compositions are consistent with the fractional crystallization of melts modified after the reactive crystallization of Troctolites A and B. The Erro–Tobbio troctolitic body has a multi-stage origin, marked by the transition from reactive to fractional crystallization and diffuse to focused melt percolation and intrusion, related to progressive exhumation. During the formation of the troctolitic body, the melt composition was modified and controlled by assimilation and concomitant crystallization reactions occurring at low melt supply. Similar processes have been described in ultraslow-spreading oceanic settings characterized by scarce magmatic activity.
The Posterior Lumbar Epidural Space: Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of High-Resolution MRI: Real and Potential Epidural Spaces and Their Content In Vivo
Authors: Boezaart André P , Prats-Galino Alberto , Nin Olga C , Carrera Anna , Barberán José , Escobar José M , Reina Miguel A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
Our aim was to study the posterior lumbar epidural space with 3D reconstructions of magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and to compare and validate the findings with targeted anatomic microdissections.

Design
We performed 3D reconstructions of high-resolution MRIs from seven patients and normal-resolution MRIs commonly used in clinical practice from 196 other random patients. We then dissected and photographed the lumbar spine areas of four fresh cadavers.

Results
From the 3D reconstructions of the MRIs, we verified that the distribution of the posterior fat pad had an irregular shape that resembled a truncated pyramid. It spanned between the superior margin of the lamina of the caudad vertebra and beyond the inferior margin to almost halfway underneath the cephalad lamina of the cranial vertebra, and it was not longitudinally or circumferentially continuous. The 3D reconstructions of the high-definition MRI also consistently revealed a prelaminar fibrous body that was not seen in most of the usually used low-definition MRI reconstructions. Targeted microdissections confirmed the 3D reconstruction findings and also showed the prelaminar tissue body to be fibrous, crossing from side to side anterior to the cephalad half of each lamina, and spanning from the dural sac to the laminae.

Conclusions
Three-dimensional reconstructions and targeted microdissection revealed the unique appearance of posterior fat pads and a prelaminar fibrous body. The exact consistency, presence, prevalence with age, presence in other regions, and function of this body are unknown and require further research.
Inhibition of in-stent restenosis after graphene oxide double-layer drug coating with good biocompatibility
Authors: Ge Shuang , Xi Yadong , Du Ruolin , Ren Yuzhen , Xu Zichen , Tan Youhua , Wang Yazhou , Yin Tieying , Wang Guixue 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, we designed a double layer-coated vascular stent of 316L stainless steel using an ultrasonic spray system to achieve both antiproliferation and antithrombosis. The coating included an inner layer of graphene oxide (GO) loaded with docetaxel (DTX) and an outer layer of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) loaded with heparin (Hep). The coated surface was uniform without aggregation and shedding phenomena before and after stent expanded. The coating treatment was able to inhibit the adhesion and activation of platelets and the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, indicating the excellent biocompatibility and antiproliferation ability. The toxicity tests showed that the GO/DTX and CMC/Hep coating did not cause deformity and organ abnormalities in zebrafish under stereomicroscope. The stents with GO double-layer coating were safe and could effectively prevent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis after the implantation into rabbit carotid arteries for 4–12 weeks.
Functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging correlates of fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Basu Neil , Kaplan Chelsea M , Ichesco Eric , Larkin Tony , Schrepf Andrew , Murray Alison D , Clauw Daniel J , Waiter Gordon D , Harris Richard E 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Fatigue is a major burden among patients with RA, yet is poorly understood. We sought to conduct the first imaging study to investigate the neurobiological correlates of fatigue in RA and to improve upon the methodological limitations of previous neuroimaging studies that have investigated this symptom in other populations.

Methods
Chronically fatigued RA patients were clinically characterized before undertaking a combined functional and structural mode MRI brain scan. The functional sequences were acquired during a fatigue-evoking task, then network-to-whole-brain analyses were undertaken. The structural analyses employed voxel-based morphometry in order to quantify regional grey matter volume. The scan was repeated 6 months later to test reproducibility.

Results
Fifty-four participants attended both scans [n = 41 female; baseline mean (s.d.) age 54.94 (11.41) years]. A number of significant functional and structural neural imaging correlates of fatigue were identified. Notably, patients who reported higher levels of fatigue demonstrated higher levels of functional connectivity between the Dorsal Attention Network and medial prefrontal gyri, a finding that was reproduced in the repeat scans. Structurally, greater putamen grey matter volumes significantly correlated with greater levels of fatigue.

Conclusion
Fatigue in RA is associated with functional and structural MRI changes in the brain. The newly identified and reproduced neural imaging correlates provide a basis for future targeting and stratification of this key patient priority.
ASSESSMENT ON THE INTERCHANGEABILITY OF PERSONAL EFFECTIVE DOSE ALGORITHMS IN FLUOROSCOPY-GUIDED INTERVENTIONS USING BLAND-ALTMAN ANALYSIS
Authors: Bohari Asmah , Hashim Suhairul , Ghoshal Sib Krishna , Mohd Mustafa Siti Norsyafiqah 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Long exposure to radiation from fluoroscopy-guided interventions (FGIs) can be detrimental to both patients and radiologists. The effective doses received by the interventional radiology staff after performing 230 FGIs in a year were assessed by using double dosimetry and five various algorithms. The Shapiro–Wilk test revealed normally-distributed data (p &lt; 0.01), while the significant correlation coefficients between the effective doses ranged between 0.88 and 1.00. As for the Bland–Altman analysis, both Niklason and Boetticher algorithms strongly supported the absence of statistical significance between the estimated effective doses. This portrays that the occupational doses received by the interventional radiology staff during FGIs fall within the acceptable limit regardless of the varied algorithms applied. In short, the Niklason and Boetticher algorithms appeared to be the more interchangeable ones for effective evaluation of doses. This is in view of their strong mutual correlations and excellent agreement.
Sources and Resources Affidavits in Proceedings in Lunacy, 1719–1733: The Court of Chancery and the Fate of Lunatics in the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Paley Ruth 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article provides a preliminary examination of ways in which the records of the court of chancery can be used to explore the experiences of those deemed to be lunatics during the long eighteenth century. The complexity of the records and variable quality of cataloguing means that these records are difficult to access and use and that the information they contain may be contested. The affidavits in lunacy held in C 217/55 are nevertheless a source of unrivalled richness for the study of mental illness as experienced, perceived and treated in the early eighteenth century. Similarly valuable documents may survive elsewhere in the records of the court of chancery, but until detailed archival work can be carried out, they will probably remain invisible and inaccessible to researchers.
Strengthening Public Health Leadership in Africa: An Innovative Fellowship Program
Authors: Kimball Ann Marie , Harper David , Creamer Kellie , Adeyemi Ade , Yates Robert , Lillywhite Louis , Told Michaela , Heymann David L. 
Published: March 2019

Problem
The Ebola virus disease crisis in West Africa revealed critical weaknesses in health policy and systems in the region, including the poor development and retention of policy leaders able to set sound policy to improve health. Innovative models for enhancing the capabilities of emerging leaders while retaining their talent in their countries are vital.

Approach
Chatham House (London, United Kingdom) established the West African Global Health Leaders Fellowship to help develop the next generation of West African public health leaders. The innovative program took a unique approach: Six weeks of intensive practical leadership and policy training in London and Geneva bookended a 10-month policy project conceived and carried out by each fellow in their home country. The program emphasized practice, site visits and observation of U.K. public health organizations, identifying resources, and networking. Strong mentorship throughout the fieldwork was a central focus. Work on the pilot phase began in June 2016; the fellows completed their program in September 2017.

Outcomes
The pilot phase of the fellowship was successful, demonstrating that this “sandwich” model for fellowships—whereby participants receive focused leadership training at the start and end of the program, minimally disrupting their lives in-country—offers exciting possibilities for enhancing leadership skills while retaining talent within Africa.

Next Steps
On the basis of this successful pilot, a second cohort of eight fellows began the program in October 2018. The expanded African Public Health Leaders Fellowship has become a central activity of Chatham House’s Centre on Global Health Security.
Contemporary treatments in prostate cancer focal therapy
Authors: Ahdoot Michael , Lebastchi Amir H. , Turkbey Baris , Wood Bradford , Pinto Peter A. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Radical treatments for prostate cancer are associated with significant morbidity, including incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Advances in the field of prostate MRI and desire to reduce treatment morbidities have led to a rapid growth in focal treatments for prostate cancer. Here, we review novel focal prostate cancer treatments and their associated recent clinical data, with a particular focus on data reported within the last 24 months.

Recent findings
High-intensity focal ultrasound, focal laser ablation, irreversible electroporation, focal cryotherapy, and photodynamic therapy have been used as treatment modalities for localized prostate cancer treatment. Despite the great variety of treatment techniques, each of these modalities is characterized by a significant rate of prostate cancer persistence within treatment zones (6–50%) and the presence of residual cancer within the prostate on rebiopsy (24–49%). These treatments, however, are associated with very low rates of high-grade complications, rare incontinence, and only mild or transient reductions in erectile function. The most common adverse events are urinary tract infections, hematuria, and urinary retention.

Summary
Prostate cancer focal therapy is an attractive option for well-selected patients because of its low complication profile; however, long-term oncologic outcome is still lacking and early recurrence rates are high, limiting the ability of most urologic associations from endorsing its routine use.
Associations between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in the USA
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Kim Donghee , Raymond Pascale , Scribani Melissa , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: March 2019

Background and aim
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be associated with sarcopenia. This study aims to determine whether sarcopenia is independently associated with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis.

Participants and methods
Cross-sectional data from 11 325 participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. NAFLD was defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis from the ultrasound. Sarcopenia was defined as the skeletal muscle index.

Results
NAFLD was more common in participants with sarcopenia than in those without (46.7 vs. 27.5%). Univariate analysis showed that sarcopenia was associated with NAFLD [odds ratio (OR): 2.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.01–2.64], which remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, metabolic risk factors (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.03–1.48). This finding persisted after adjustment for C-reactive protein as a marker of chronic inflammation. NAFLD-associated advanced fibrosis was more common in participants with sarcopenia than in those without (7.8 vs. 1.6%). Sarcopenia was associated with NAFLD-associated advanced fibrosis independent of metabolic risk factors (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.18–2.72).

Conclusion
Sarcopenia was independently associated with increased odds of NAFLD and NAFLD-associated advanced fibrosis independent of well-defined risk factors. Interventions to strengthen muscle mass may reduce the burden of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis.
Does Primary Care Provider Supply Influence Medicaid Acceptability?
Authors: Benitez Joseph A. , Tipirneni Renuka , Perez Victoria , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Following the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansions, access to care improved through elevated coverage rates among the low-income population. In Michigan, a major factor contributing to improved access among low-income patients was increased Medicaid acceptance in primary care settings.

Objectives:
Prior evidence shows substantial geographic variation preacceptance and postacceptance of Medicaid. In this study, we determine whether physician’s willingness to accept new Medicaid patients is moderated by the availability of other providers in close proximity.

Methods:
The study uses Michigan simulated patient (ie, “secret shopper”) data collected during 2014 and 2015, and applies a difference-in-differences styled event-study regression approach comparing trends in Medicaid acceptability and appointment scheduling between areas in Michigan with higher densities of primary care providers against those with lower densities of providers that could arguably be classified a health professional shortage areas.

Results:
Through one year after Michigan’s Medicaid expansion, practices in low-supply areas appeared no more likely (P>0.10) to turn away a newly insured Medicaid patient than a practice in a supply-rich area. The wait times for patients in a low-supply area were about a day longer (P<0.05) than for patients in supply-rich areas through 4 months after the expansion, though this difference dissipated through 8 and 12 months after the expansion.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that newly insured Medicaid patients are gaining access to care in settings with limited health care supply.
Priority setting in head and neck oncology in low-resource environments
Authors: Kowalski Luiz P. , Sanabria Alvaro 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Most information about priority setting comes from developed countries. In low-resource settings, many factors should be considered to select the best candidate for the treatments that are available. The physician is always under pressure to obtain better results in spite of the lower quantity of resources. This exposes physicians to daily ethical dilemmas and increases their anxiety and burnout.

Recent findings
Most low-resource settings have restrictions in major treatments, and the number of specialized centers that have all the services is low. The surgeon has to navigate through the system as a patient advocate, taking the responsibilities of other health system actors, has to ‘negotiate’ to design a treatment based on outdated results or to wait for new results and has to decide whether to start or to wait for other treatments to be ready to comply with protocol recommendations.

Summary
The surgeons face the dilemma of offering the best treatment with scarce resources but with a higher possibility of completion. Finally, we must do the best we can with what we have.
Self-sustaining dual critical layer states in plane Poiseuille–Couette flow at large Reynolds number
Authors: Kumar Rishi , Walton Andrew 
Published: March 2019

The nonlinear stability of plane Poiseuille–Couette flow subjected to three-dimensional disturbances is studied asymptotically at large Reynolds number
R
. By analysing the nature of the instability for increasing disturbance size Δ, the scaling Δ =
O
(
R
−1/3
) is identified at which a strongly nonlinear neutral wave structure emerges, involving the interaction of two inviscid critical layers. The striking feature of this structure is that the travelling wave disturbances have both streamwise and spanwise wavelengths comparable to the channel width, with an associated phase speed of
O
(1). An alternative method to the classical balancing of phase shifts is proposed, involving vorticity jumps, that uses a global property of the flow-field and enables the amplitude-dependence of the neutral modes to be determined in terms of the wavenumbers and the properties of the basic flow. Numerical computation of the Rayleigh equation which governs the flow outside of the critical layers shows that neutral solutions exist for non-dimensional wall sliding speeds in the range 0 ≤
V
< 2. It transpires that the critical layers merge and the asymptotic structure referred to above breaks down both in the large-amplitude limit and the limit

V
→
2

when the maximum of the basic flow becomes located at the upper wall.
Unsupervised deep learning on biomedical data with BoltzmannMachines.jl
Authors: Lenz Stefan , Hess Moritz , Binder Harald 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDeep Boltzmann machines (DBMs) are models for unsupervised learning in the field of artificial intelligence, promising to be useful for dimensionality reduction and pattern detection in clinical and genomic data. Multimodal and partitioned DBMs alleviate the problem of small sample sizes and make it possible to combine different input data types in one DBM model. We present the package “BoltzmannMachines” for the Julia programming language, which makes this model class available for practical use in working with biomedical data.AvailabilityNotebook with example data: http://github.com/stefan-m-lenz/BMs4BInf2019 Julia package: http://github.com/stefan-m-lenz/BoltzmannMachines.jl
Knowledge and attitudes among life scientists towards reproducibility within journal articles: a research survey
Authors: Samota Evanthia Kaimaklioti , Davey Robert P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe constructed a survey to understand how authors and scientists view the issues around reproducibility, focusing on interactive elements such as interactive figures embedded within online publications, as a solution for enabling the reproducibility of experiments. We report the views of 251 researchers, comprising authors who have published in eLIFE Sciences, and those who work at the Norwich Biosciences Institutes (NBI). The survey also outlines to what extent researchers are occupied with reproducing experiments themselves. Currently, there is an increasing range of tools that attempt to address the production of reproducible research by making code, data, and analyses available to the community for reuse. We wanted to collect information about attitudes around the consumer end of the spectrum, where life scientists interact with research outputs to interpret scientific results. Static plots and figures within articles are a central part of this interpretation, and therefore we asked respondents to consider various features for an interactive figure within a research article that would allow them to better understand and reproduce a published analysis. The majority (91%) of respondents reported that when authors describe their research methodology (methods and analyses) in detail, published research can become more reproducible. The respondents believe that having interactive figures in published papers is a beneficial element to themselves, the papers they read as well as to their readers. Whilst interactive figures are one potential solution for consuming the results of research more effectively to enable reproducibility, we also review the equally pressing technical and cultural demands on researchers that need to be addressed to achieve greater success in reproducibility in the life sciences.