bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can large language models apply the law?
Authors: Marcos Henrique 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper asks whether large language models (LLMs) can apply the law. It does not question whether LLMs should apply the law. Instead, it distinguishes between two interpretations of the ‘can’ question. One, can LLMs apply the law like ordinary individuals? Two, can LLMs apply the law in the same manner as judges? The study examines D’Almeida’s theory of law application, divided into inferential and pragmatic law application. It argues that his account of pragmatic law application can be improved as it does not fully consider that law application (and rule-following) is a shared, public practice collectively realized by members of a linguistic community. The study concludes that LLMs cannot apply the law. They cannot apply the law in the inferential sense as they have mere syntactic (not semantic) interaction with the law. They cannot apply the law in the pragmatic sense as pragmatic law application does not depend on a single agent, whether that agent is a judge, an ordinary citizen, or a non-human entity.
Mini-open versus percutaneous surgical repair for acute Achilles tendon rupture: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Melinte Marian Andrei , Nistor Dan Viorel , de Souza Conde Rodrigo Arruda , Hernández Ricardo González , Wijaya Prajna , Marvin Kabuye , Moldovan Alexia Nicola , Melinte Razvan Marian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the clinical outcomes and complications of mini-open (MOT) and percutaneous techniques (PT) in the surgical repair of acute Achilles tendon rupture (AATR).

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, and the Cochrane Library for studies comparing MOT with PT for AATR. We assessed functional outcomes, complication rates, and operation time. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan Web. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with a fixed-effects model for dichotomous and continuous endpoints, respectively. Heterogeneity was evaluated with I2 statistics.

Results
Eight studies, comprising 484 patients, were included, of whom 226 (46%) underwent MOT. MOT was associated with a significantly lower re-rupture rate (1.48% vs. 6.11%; OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.09–0.86; p = 0.03; I2 = 6%) and sural nerve injury rate (0.57% vs. 5.64%; OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.07–0.81; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%). No significant differences were observed in venous thrombosis (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.17–3.94; p = 0.33; I2 = 0%), wound infection (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.12–2.62; p = 0.46; I2 = 0%), or operation time (MD 1.83 min; 95% CI -1.13–4.79; p = 0.23; I2 = 88%). Functional outcomes showed higher American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot scores in the MOT group (MD 1.52 points; 95% CI 0.62–2.42; p = 0.001; I2 = 3%), while (Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score) ATRS, time to return to activities, and ankle plantar and dorsiflexion were comparable.

Conclusions
MOT for AATR repair seems to reduce re-ruptures and sural nerve injuries while improving AOFAS scores, with no significant differences in other complications compared to PT. These findings suggest that the MOT may offer a safer and equally effective alternative to PT for AATR.
Impact of obesity on pathological complete remission in early stage breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a retrospective study from a German University breast center
Authors: Englisch Johannes Felix , Englisch Alexander , Dannehl Dominik , Eissler Kenneth , Tegeler Christian Martin , Matovina Sabine , Volmer Léa Louise , Wallwiener Diethelm , Brucker Sara Y. , Hartkopf Andreas , Engler Tobias 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer is a primary cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a cornerstone treatment for locally advanced, non-metastatic breast cancer. Achieving pathological complete response (pCR) is often used as a surrogate marker for long-term outcomes. This study examines the impact of obesity, defined by a body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m2, on achieving pCR in patients with early stage breast cancer (eBC) undergoing NACT.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with eBC treated with NACT at the University of Tübingen. The primary objective was to assess the impact of obesity on achieving pCR. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between pre-treatment BMI and pCR, adjusting for covariates such as age, tumor stage, grading, and chemotherapy intensity.

Results
The study included 325 patients, with 24% classified as obese. While the univariate logistic regression analysis showed no significant impact of obesity on the odds ratio of achieving pCR, the multivariate analysis, accounting for covariates, demonstrated that obese patients had a significantly higher likelihood of achieving pCR.

Conclusion
In this retrospective study, obesity significantly affected the likelihood of achieving pCR in patients with eBC cancer undergoing NACT after adjusting for covariates. While obesity is a known risk factor for breast cancer development and progression, its impact on the efficacy of NACT in terms of achieving pCR was positive in our study. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate in the literature, though the retrospective design and potential uncontrolled factors should be considered.
Appendectomy for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy– a retrospective comparative study of 99 pregnant and 1796 non-pregnant women
Authors: Hoffmann Michael , Anthuber L. , Silva A. Herebia da , Mair A. , Wolf S. , Dannecker C. , Anthuber M. , Schrempf M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Suspected appendicitis is the most common indication for non-obstetric surgery during pregnancy. Diagnosis and management of these patients can be challenging. Atypical clinical presentation has been described before, but the current literature consists mostly of small case series. Therefore, we conducted a large retrospective study to analyze the frequency and diagnostic accuracy of clinical signs, laboratory findings and imaging modalities in pregnant woman undergoing surgery for suspected appendicitis compared to a control group of non-pregnant women of childbearing age. We further describe intra- and postoperative findings in both groups.

Methods
Data from consecutive patients who underwent appendectomy for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy were retrieved from the electronic patient database and analyzed. Preoperative clinical, laboratory and imaging findings as well as intra- and postoperative characteristics were compared between pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Results
Between January 2008 and June 2023, 99 pregnant woman and 1796 non-pregnant woman between the ages of 16 and 49 underwent emergency surgery for suspected appendicitis. Pregnant women were less likely to have right lower quadrant tenderness (p = 0.002), guarding (p = 0.011) and rebound tenderness (p = 0.097). A greater percentage of pregnant women had a symptom duration of more than 24 h before presentation (p = 0.003) Abdominal ultrasound showed a reduced diagnostic accuracy in pregnant women (p = 0.004). MRI was used in eight pregnant women and showed a diagnostic accuracy of 100%. Pregnant women had a longer operating time (p = 0.006), a higher rate of open appendectomies or conversion (p < 0.001) and a longer postoperative hospital stay (3.2 days vs. 2.2 days, p < 0.001). The perforation rate was also higher in pregnant women at 16% vs. 10% (p = 0.048).

Conclusion
The diagnosis of acute appendicitis during pregnancy presents a challenge for the clinician. Our data confirm the paradigm of “atypical presentation” which should lead to an extended diagnostic workup. Ultrasound showed less diagnostic accuracy in pregnant women in our study. MRI is a useful tool to reduce uncertainty and the rate of negative appendectomies.
Tongue Pressure and Grip Strength as Indicators of Persistent Dysphagia After Acute Stroke
Authors: Ohashi Miho , Aoyagi Yoichiro , Iwasawa Tatsuya , Sakaguchi Kumiko , Saito Tomonari , Sakamoto Yuki , Ishiyama Daisuke , Kimura Kazumi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the independent predictors of postacute stroke dysphagia at discharge using sarcopenia-related parameters. This single-center prospective observational study assessed consecutive inpatients diagnosed with cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage upon admission to the stroke unit. Tongue pressure, grip strength, and body composition were evaluated within 48 h. Dysphagia was defined by a functional oral intake scale of ≤ 5. Patient characteristics were compared between non-dysphagia and dysphagia groups using Mann–Whitney or chi-squared tests. Logistic regression analysis was performed using age, sex, tongue pressure, grip strength, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores as explanatory variables, with dysphagia at discharge as the objective variable. A total of 302 patients (mean age: 69.4 ± 13.8 years, 67.5% male) were analyzed, with 64 having dysphagia at discharge (21.2%). The dysphagia group was significantly older (p<0.001), had higher NIHSS scores on admission (p<0.001), lower SMI (p = 0.002), lower grip strength (p<0.001), and lower tongue pressure (p<0.001) than the non-dysphagia group. Logistic regression revealed that age (OR: 1.042, p = 0.018), tongue pressure (OR: 0.954, p = 0.010), and grip strength (OR: 0.943, p = 0.048) on admission were independent predictors of dysphagia at discharge, while NIHSS scores (OR: 1.403, p = 0.106), sex, and SMI (OR: 1.403, p = 0.150) were not. Older age, reduced tongue pressure, and reduced grip strength are strong predictors of persistent poststroke dysphagia at discharge. Thus, muscle strength is a more valuable parameter than muscle mass in predicting persistent poststroke dysphagia.
The sweet path of Hansel and Gretel: pollination system of Masdevallia hortensis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) in a cloud montane forest of the Cordillera Occidental, in Colombia
Authors: Ospina-M Ana , Sanín María José , Maia Artur Campos D. , Cardona-Duque Juliana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPollination by deception is assumed as the general rule among pleurothallid orchids. However, considering the exceptional diversity of this group (44 genera and over 5100 species) and the relatively limited number of available studies (pollination ecology has been assessed in only 17 genera), generalized trends about their pollination systems might disregard a wide variety of specific life-history traits and inconspicuous honest signals/rewards for pollinators. The few known associations of pleurothallid orchids with a large assortment of fly taxa further support the assumption of generalized pollination by deception. We investigated the natural pollination system of Masdevallia hortensis, a strictly endemic species of cloud forests in the Western Andes of Colombia. This species exhibited a sophisticated and unique pollination mechanism, producing sugary secretions in the lateral sepals along purple dotted patches, fed upon by different visiting species of fruit flies (Drosophilidae). The sucrose concentration in these secretions varied throughout the day and significantly decreased after pollinaria removal. Visiting fruit flies appeared to be guided towards a chamber between the mobile lip and the column, by dotted lines in the lateral sepals. During visitations, individuals of the most abundant species in our observations (Drosophila sp. 1) were singly entrapped in the chamber until eventually freeing themselves with the pollinaria attached to their bodies. We also demonstrated that M. hortensis is strictly self-incompatible, which makes fly pollination an essential process for the maintenance of natural populations of the species. The flowers of M. hortensis offer rewards for visiting insects, an aspect that should be thoroughly evaluated before making generalizations. In this way, we urge integrative ecological studies to understand the reproductive evolutionary patterns in this group of orchids.
Intramyocardial fatty infiltration lesion in sporadic inclusion body myositis: a case report
Authors: Redzepi Betim , Théaudin Marie , Bengueddache Samir , Petropoulou-Natsou Sofia , Masi Ambra , Rodrigues David , Tzimas Georgios , Schwitter Juerg , Antiochos Panagiotis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), the most common inflammatory muscle disorder in adults over 50 years, is often misdiagnosed due to its gradual onset and its common but unspecific muscle weakness in older adults. Diagnosis relies on clinical, radiological, and pathological features. Cardiac involvement is rare, prompting this case description and a comprehensive literature analysis. A 73-year-old woman diagnosed with sIBM in 2021 through muscle biopsy had been experiencing muscular symptoms since 2015. Her condition progressively worsened, affecting daily activities. Annual follow-ups revealed a moderate obstructive syndrome on respiratory testing, prompting a cardiac evaluation. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging identified intramyocardial lesions consistent with fatty infiltration, highlighting the interest of advanced imaging in sIBM management. Cardiac involvement in sIBM is presumed rare compared to other idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, though the exact frequency remains unclear. Early identification of heart alterations by CMR in sIBM can be prognostically valuable, guiding follow-up and interventions. However, literature on this subject is limited to small cohort studies and case reports describing complications. Given the slow progression of sIBM and the limited efficacy of current treatments, the discovery of myocardial lesions could warrant closer cardiological monitoring. Larger cohort studies are needed to explore potential new therapeutic approaches. Our case underscores the importance of CMR in detecting subtle cardiac manifestations in sIBM and illustrates the potential prognostic value of cardiac assessment in the management of sIBM.
“I Changed After the Death”: Symptoms of Psychopathology Predict Lower Agency and Communion Themes in Loss Narratives Over 16 Months
Authors: Thomsen Dorthe Kirkegaard , Bluck Susan , Lundorff Marie , O’Connor Maja 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Some individuals struggle to adjust after the death of a close other. Constructing an adaptive narrative about the loss is important to adjustment but symptoms of psychopathology may interfere with this process. We examined whether psychopathology symptoms measured 2 months after the loss of a spouse or parent predicted loss narratives with lower agency and communion themes as well as more negative emotional tone and self-event connections.

Method
Participants included 507 adults from the Aarhus Bereavement Study who completed psychopathology symptom measures at 2, 6, 11, and 18 months after the death of their spouse or parent. Symptom measures included prolonged grief disorder (PGD), PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Eighteen months after the death, participants wrote a narrative about the loss and answered questions about its emotional qualities (i.e., tone, self-event connections). The narratives were content coded for agency and communion themes.

Results
Multiple regressions showed that higher PGD symptoms at 2 months predicted less adaptive loss narratives at 18 months, even after controlling for neuroticism and age.

Conclusion
Individuals who experience high symptom levels are struggling to construct adaptive loss narratives. This may hinder identity changes needed to accommodate their altered life circumstances.
“Tetranstornation” as retrogression: AMLO’s Mexico beyond alternation
Authors: Macip Ricardo F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn response to the landslide electoral victory by the morena-led coalition in Mexico, I offer a two-part argument for its interpretation. Like bifocal glasses, the seventy-one-year State Party rule offers a far-sighted panorama to question the “transition towards democracy” in Mexico. Against this backdrop, a more detailed focus follows the development of the political leader who slayed the party system for the alternation of power. Together, they present an analytical description of the retrogression within a “post-neoliberal” turn.
Capacity, Autonomy, and Risk: Reflecting on Asymmetries in Capacity to Consent and Capacity to Refuse
Authors: Pugh Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere has been renewed interest in whether we should understand standards of decision-making capacity (DMC) to be risk-relative. Critics of risk-relative standards often highlight a puzzling asymmetry that they imply; a patient may have the requisite DMC to consent to a treatment that is in their best interests, whilst lacking the requisite DMC to refuse that same treatment, given the much higher risk that this would entail. Whilst some have argued that this asymmetry suggests that risk-relative standards are nonsensical, in this paper I defend a ‘quality of evidence’ view of such standards. I begin by outlining DMC’s purported gate-keeping role in medical ethics, and identifying three key normative claims that undergird this role. I then explain how two competing theories of risk-relative standards are incompatible with at least one of these claims. Drawing on Douglas’ distinction between standards of ‘true capacity’ and standards invoked in the ‘test’ for capacity, I then outline my ‘quality of evidence’ view. I explain how the view is compatible with the aforementioned normative claims, and outline the nature of the asymmetry it implies. I conclude by responding to the objection that there is no meaningful distinction between ‘true capacity’ and the ‘test’ for capacity.
RGB Trichromatic Whiteness Assessment of Bio Analytical Chromatographic Tool Using Fluorescence for Quantitation of Semaglutide: Application to Pharmaceutical Preparations and Spiked Plasma
Authors: Moneim Mona M. Abdel , Kamal Miranda F. , Hamdy Mohamed M. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSemaglutide (SEMG) is one of the most widely used and trending medications to treat type II diabetes and obesity. This work aimed to develop a liquid chromatography with spectroflourimetric detection (HPLC-flourimetry) analysis of SEMG in both its tablet dosage form and plasma. The power of fluorescence detection coupled with HPLC proved its capability as a bioanalytical tool to assay SEMG in plasma samples owing to its simplicity and sensitivity which reached below the Cmax of SEMG. Separation was done using a C18 column with mobile phase of acetonitrile and water acidified with orthophosphoric acid (pH 3.5) (1.41 × 10–5 M) in isocratic mode in ratio 57:43 and 1 mL/min flow rate after extraction using protein precipitation. Detection was carried out at λ excitation of 238 nm and λ emission of 416 and 307 nm for SEMG and the internal standard, respectively. Evaluation of greenness of the proposed method was done using AGREE (Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach), ComplexGAPI (Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index) & the new algorithm RGB 12 model (Red–Green–Blue). They showed that these methods can be a greener alternative with acceptable sensitivity for analysis of SEMG. The developed seven min-assay was validated per ICH as well as FDA bio analytical methods’ guidelines to prove its applicability for routine sample analysis and future pharmacokinetic studies.
Die Differenzierung von Einsichts- und Steuerungsfähigkeit bei der Schuldfähigkeitsprüfung aus juristischer und psychiatrischer Sicht
Authors: Saß Henning , Werner Raik 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Fragen, die mit der Unterscheidung zwischen Einsichts- und Steuerungsfähigkeit sowohl bei der Begutachtung wie auch in der gerichtlichen Urteilsfindung verbunden sind, werden in der Literatur nur wenig behandelt, obwohl sich daraus erhebliche Konsequenzen ergeben können. Insbesondere bei Wahn gibt es Unsicherheiten, die immer wieder zu Urteilsaufhebungen wegen gutachterlicher oder richterlicher Argumentationsmängel führen. In dieser Arbeit werden die konzeptionellen Grundlagen wie auch die Implikationen für das praktische Vorgehen bei der Schuldfähigkeitsprüfung systematisch dargestellt und an prototypischen Fällen aus dem Spektrum der Wahnerkrankungen exemplifiziert. Mit dem dabei favorisierten, sehr engen Verständnis von Einsichtsfähigkeit korrespondiert eine Auffächerung der Steuerungsfähigkeit in ihre motivationalen und exekutiven Anteile.
Psychopathologie: operationalisiertes Werkzeug oder „Denkstil“?
Authors: Hoff Paul 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDen Begriff Psychopathologie begleitet in jüngerer Zeit eine deutliche Ambivalenz: Positiv konnotiert, steht er für eine personzentrierte, methodenbewusste Zugangsweise zur psychisch erkrankten Person. Kritische Einwände jedoch identifizieren bei der Psychopathologie Tendenzen zu unreflektierter Medikalisierung, Pathologisierung und Stigmatisierung. Besondere praktische Relevanz gewinnt diese Debatte für die psychiatrische Diagnostik im Sinne von ICD-10/ICD-11 und DSM-5-TR. Im 21. Jh. werden Befürchtungen lauter, die zwar international etablierte, jedoch weiterhin an der traditionellen Kraepelin’schen Nosologie orientierte operationalisierte Diagnostik könne mit Blick auf jüngere Forschungsentwicklungen den wissenschaftlichen Horizont der Psychiatrie unvertretbar einengen.Vor diesem ebenso komplexen wie praxisrelevanten Hintergrund versteht sich die vorliegende Arbeit als Plädoyer dafür, psychopathologische Denktraditionen als wertvolle Grundlagen psychiatrischen Handelns anzuerkennen, gerade auch im forensischen Umfeld. Weit entfernt von bloßer Historisierung oder unkritischer Idealisierung, weist die Psychopathologie, unbeschadet ihrer empirisch-deskriptiven Anteile, auch im 21. Jh. das Potenzial auf, einer personzentrierten Haltung, ja – im Sinne des Mikrobiologen und Wissenschaftstheoretikers Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961) – einem der Psychiatrie in besonderer Weise angemessenen „Denkstil“ Ausdruck zu verleihen. Der offene Dialog mit der aktuellen psychiatrischen Forschung im Sinne der „Anschlussfähigkeit“ ist dafür unabdingbar. Ergänzend zur theoretischen Reflexion wird der Praxisbezug mit Blick auf eine viel diskutierte jüngere Entscheidung des Schweizerischen Bundesgerichtes hergestellt.
The Garden at Pingle Farm: An Unsettling Investigation
Authors: Milne Rebecca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a reflection on the process and results of an historical archaeological investigation of a South Australian colonial farm garden. It demonstrates how the researcher allowed the emotions evinced by the site’s history as a frontier site to contribute to the discussion of the research’s relevance for contemporary Australian society, related to themes of national identity and coming to terms with a colonial past.
Mechanical circulatory support bridge for restrictive cardiomyopathy with biventricular and pulmonary failure to cardiac transplantation
Authors: Sainathan Sandeep , Mulinari Leonardo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe describe a simplified technique for mechanical circulatory support using Berlin EXCOR cannulas in a toddler with restrictive cardiomyopathy and biventricular and respiratory failure as a successful bridge to cardiac transplantation.