bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-guided lightweight method for large complex component based on geometric-stress feature correlation response
Authors: Hua Haiyan , Chen Xu , Lin Hua 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Complex geometric features and stress features as well as their intricate relationships are the important factors causing the complexity of lightweight for large component. In order to better coordinate the stress distribution with lightweight goal, a knowledge-guided lightweight method based on geometric-stress feature correlation response is proposed. Multistage decomposition and three-steps feature express strategy is utilized to construct the geometric features relationship model firstly. By combining the influence significance for stress features with the association grade for geometric features, and reasoning under lightweight expectations, the geometric-stress correlation knowledge is extracted. Furthermore, a knowledge-guided lightweight algorithm integrated knowledge correlation response with intelligent searching is proposed. Finally, the lightweight of X-type caterpillar frame is taken as example to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
Harmonic modeling of vibration energy harvesting systems using extended impedance method
Authors: Gao Yiming , Zhao Bao , Wang Jiahua , Liang Junrui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Vibration energy harvesting (VEH) systems convert the mechanical vibration energy in AC form into storable electrical energy in DC form. The mechanical structure, electromechanical transducer, and power electronics are three necessary parts for realizing the electromechanical energy transduction and rectification. The difficulty was found in modeling the electromechanical joint dynamics, in particular, when complex mechanical dynamics or sophisticated electrical switching transient are involved. Harmonic analysis is proven to be an efficient tool for modeling such a multiple-field-coupled power conversion system. In this paper, we develop a multiple harmonics analysis for the piezoelectric energy harvesting systems based on the extended impedance method (EIM). This method was used in the analysis of nonlinear power electronic circuits, such as resonant inverters and dc-dc converters. The theoretical results at steady state are compared with the simulation results from the commercialized circuit simulation software. The new modeling technique provides an efficient tool for the customized design and holistic optimization of the vibration energy harvesting systems.
Reducing the drag of underwater vehicle in the shape of a small boat by using piezoelectric transducers
Authors: Zhang Lu , Shan Xiaobiao , Liu Yingxiang , Peng Gaoliang , Xie Tao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Reducing the flow resistance of moving underwater vehicles can improve their performance and reduce the energy consumption. This paper presents a method to interfere the turbulent boundary layer for achieving the drag reduction by using piezoelectric transducers. The transducer produces ultrasonic traveling waves vibration near the hull surface. The working frequency and the maximum vibration amplitude of the transducers placed in different locations were obtained through the structural dynamic analysis. The fluid-solid coupling simulations were performed to explore the reduction drag performance. The simulation results show that better drag reduction performance can be obtained when the angle between the vibration direction of the piezoelectric transducer and the flow direction is 67.62°. The method of using piezoelectric transducer vibration for drag reduction is proved to be feasible. The present work provides a valuable reference for the study of drag reduction of underwater vehicles.
Numerical simulation on the seismic performance of post-fire steel concrete frame joint bonded with steel
Authors: Wang J Y , Yue X C , Sun Y Z 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Steel was used to reinforce the joint of the frame after fire, and the joint was subjected to low cyclic loading. The seismic behaviors including hysteretic curve, skeleton curve, energy dissipation and stress distribution were analyzed using the finite element method. The results show that the bearing capacity in the elastic stage is almost unchanged comparing with the non-reinforced joint, but the ultimate bearing capacity, energy dissipation capacity and ductility are all improved in different degrees. However, the strengthening effect is not unlimited with the increase of the thickness of bonded steel. The thickness of bonded steel should not exceed 6 mm considering the ultimate bearing capacity, energy dissipation capacity and stress distribution of the structure. The area of high stress zone increases with the increase of axial compression ratio.
Investigations on flexural wave propagation of a grillage structure using the multi-reflection method
Authors: Li Yanqiu , Zhou Runxin , Liu Liangmei , Chen Tao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The flexural wave propagation in a grillage structure with a propagating disturbance is studied firstly by the use of the multi-reflection method. The grillage structure consists of many beams intersecting each other at right angles. Each periodic binary beam consists of a finite repetition of alternating material A and material B. A propagating wave is incident upon a discontinuity of a beam along the x axis and gives rise to transmitted and reflected waves. Here all of the transmitted and reflected waves of given flexural wave incident upon the beam at some specified location are found and superposed, these waves travel to the other beams as a bending wave in the direction of their partially reflected and partially transmitted. Then the wave-fields of two beams along the y axis closest to external disturbance is set up, these two beams only need to consider the influence of bending waves on the x-beams on them. Next the wave-fields of two beams along the x axis closest to external disturbance is set up, the rest can be done in the same manner. Finally the wave-field of any beam at some specified location can be determined.
Ecotypic differentiation, hybridization and clonality facilitate the persistence of a cold-adapted sedge in European bogs
Authors: Schwarzer Christian , Joshi Jasmin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent research has shown that many cold-adapted species survived the last glacial maximum (LGM) in northern refugia. Whether this evolutionary history has had consequences for their genetic diversity and adaptive potential remains unknown. We sampled 14 populations of Carex limosa, a sedge specialized to bog ecosystems, along a latitudinal gradient from its Scandinavian core to the southern lowland range-margin in Germany. Using microsatellite and experimental common-garden data, we evaluated the impacts of global climate change along this gradient and assessed the conservation status of the southern marginal populations. Microsatellite data revealed two highly distinct genetic groups and hybrid individuals. In our common-garden experiment, the two groups showed divergent responses to increased nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) availability, suggesting ecotypic differentiation. Each group formed genetically uniform populations at both northern and southern sampling areas. Mixed populations occurred throughout our sampling area, an area that was entirely glaciated during the LGM. The fragmented distribution implies allopatric divergence at geographically separated refugia that putatively differed in N/P availability. Molecular data and an observed low hybrid fecundity indicate the importance of clonal reproduction for hybrid populations. At the southern range-margin, however, all populations showed effects of clonality, lowered fecundity and low competitiveness, suggesting abiotic and biotic constraints to population persistence.
Effectiveness of Oral Vancomycin for Prevention of Healthcare Facility–Onset Clostridioides difficile Infection in Targeted Patients During Systemic Antibiotic Exposure
Authors: Johnson Steven W , Brown Shannon V , Priest David H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Limited retrospective data suggest prophylactic oral vancomycin may prevent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of oral vancomycin for the prevention of healthcare facility–onset CDI (HCFO-CDI) in targeted patients.

Methods
We conducted a randomized, prospective, open-label study at Novant Health Forsyth Medical Center in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, between October 2018 and April 2019. Included patients were randomized 1:1 to either oral vancomycin (dosed at 125 mg once daily while receiving systemic antibiotics and continued for 5 days postcompletion of systemic antibiotics [OVP]) or no prophylaxis. The primary endpoint was incidence of HCFO-CDI. Secondary endpoints included incidence of community-onset healthcare facility–associated CDI (CO-HCFA-CDI), incidence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) colonization after receiving OVP, adverse effects, and cost of OVP.

Results
A total of 100 patients were evaluated, 50 patients in each arm. Baseline and hospitalization characteristics were similar, except antibiotic exposure. No events of HCFO-CDI were noted in the OVP group compared with 6 (12%) in the no-prophylaxis group (P = .03). CO-HCFA-CDI was identified in 2 patients who were previously diagnosed with HCFO-CDI. No patients developed new VRE colonization, with only 1 patient reporting mild gastrointestinal side effects to OVP. A total of 600 doses of OVP were given during the study, with each patient receiving an average of 12 doses. Total acquisition cost of OVP was $1302, $26.04 per patient.

Conclusion
OVP appears to protect against HCFO-CDI during in-patient stay in targeted patients during systemic antibiotic exposure. Further prospective investigation is warranted.
Wolbachia megadiversity: 99% of these microorganismic manipulators unknown
Authors: Detcharoen Matsapume , Arthofer Wolfgang , Schlick-Steiner Birgit C , Steiner Florian M 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTWolbachia (Alphaproteobacteria) are the most widespread endosymbionts of arthropods, manipulating their hosts by various means to maximize the number of host individuals infected. Based on quantitative analyzes of the published literature from Web of Science® and of DNA sequences of arthropod-hosted Wolbachia from GenBank, we made plausible that less than 1% of the expected 100 000 strains of Wolbachia in arthropods is known. Our findings suggest that more and globally better coordinated efforts in screening arthropods are needed to explore the true Wolbachia diversity and to help us understand the ecology and evolution of these host-endosymbiont interactions.
Impact of Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention on Frailty Through the Lens of Deficit Accumulation in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Simpson Felicia R , Pajewski Nicholas M , Nicklas Barbara , Kritchevsky Stephen , Bertoni Alain , Ingram Frank , Ojeranti Daniel , Espeland Mark A ,   for the Indices for Accelerated Aging in Obesity and Diabetes Ancillary Study of the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Trial
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Type 2 diabetes and obesity increase the accumulation of health deficits and may accelerate biological aging. Multidomain lifestyle interventions may mitigate against this.

Methods
Within a large, randomized clinical trial of intensive lifestyle intervention including caloric restriction, increased physical activity, dietary counseling, and risk factor monitoring compared with diabetes support and education, we examined the accumulation of health deficits across 8 years. We used two complementary frailty indices (FIs) based on deficit accumulation, one modeled on work in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial and the other including additional deficits related to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Differences between intervention groups and their consistency among subgroups were assessed with re-randomization tests.

Results
Data from 4,859 adults (45–76 years at baseline, 59% female) were analyzed. Random assignment to intensive lifestyle intervention was associated with lower FI scores throughout follow-up as captured by areas under curves traced by longitudinal means (p ≤ .001), over which time mean (SE) differences between intervention groups averaged 5.8% (0.9%) and 5.4% (0.9%) for the two indices. At year 8, the percentage of participants classified as frail (FI &gt; 0.21) was lower among intensive lifestyle intervention (39.8% and 54.5%) compared with diabetes support and education (42.7% and 60.9%) for both FIs (both p &lt; .001). Intervention benefits were relatively greater for participants who were older, not obese, and without history of cardiovascular disease at baseline.

Conclusions
Eight years of multidomain lifestyle intervention create a buffer against the accumulation of age-related health deficits in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00017953
Deformation of rhyolite lava crust associated with intermittent inner flow of lava: palaeomagnetic evidence
Authors: Uno Koji , Furukawa Kuniyuki , Nakai Kotaro , Kamio Takuma , Kanamaru Tatsuo 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARY
A palaeomagnetic study has been conducted to examine the deformation of thick crusts of rhyolite lava while its inner portions continue to flow. The Sanukayama rhyolite lava, which erupted in the Pleistocene in Kozushima Island, Japan, was chosen as the investigation site because of its well-exposed vertical lithofacies variations classified into three distinct zones (pumiceous, obsidian and crystalline). The targets of this study are the pumiceous and obsidian zones, which constitute the crust of the lava. Thermal demagnetization reveals three remanent magnetization components from the pumiceous and obsidian samples but only a single magnetization component from the inner crystalline rhyolite samples. Alternating field demagnetization is ineffective in isolating the magnetization components in the pumiceous and obsidian samples. The multiple components of remanent magnetization of the crust are interpreted to have been acquired during cooling as thermoremanent magnetizations. We suspect intermittent lava transport of the inner portions, the primary mode of rhyolite lava advancement, to be responsible for the presence of multiple components in pumice and obsidian of the lava crust. When the inner portions of the lava retain mobility to flow out of the crust, the solidified crust of the lava surface below the magnetite Curie temperature remains susceptible to deformation. Analysis of palaeomagnetic directions from the crust allows the deformation of the crust to be described in terms of rotation. Although the mode of rhyolite lava advancement is not well understood, because of its infrequent occurrence, our observations offer an important insight on how the mobile part of the lava is associated with the deformation of the crust during continued lava advance.
Total CD3 T Cells Are Necessary and Sufficient to Induce Colitis in Immunodeficient Mice With Dendritic Cell–Specific Deletion of TGFbR2: A Novel IBD Model to Study CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Interaction
Authors: Jamwal Deepa Rana , Marati Raji V , Harrison Christy A , Midura-Kiela Monica T , Figliuolo Paz Vanessa R , Besselsen David G , Ghishan Fayez K , Kiela Pawel R 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disorder, with the innate and adaptive immune cells contributing to disease initiation and progression. However, the intricate cross-talk between immune cell lineages remains incompletely understood. The role of CD8+ T cells in IBD pathogenesis has been understudied, largely due to the lack of appropriate models.MethodsWe previously reported spontaneous colitis in mice with impaired TGFβ signaling due to dendritic cell–specific knockout of TGFbR2 (TGFβR2ΔDC). Here, we demonstrate that crossing TGFβR2ΔDC mice with a Rag1-/- background eliminates all symptoms of colitis and that adoptive transfer of unfractionated CD3+ splenocytes is sufficient to induce progressive colitis in Rag1-/-TGFβR2ΔDC mice.ResultsBoth CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required for the induction of colitis accompanied by activation of both T-cell lineages and DCs, increased expression of mucosal IFNγ, TNFα, IL6, IL1β, and IL12, and decreased frequencies of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Development of colitis required CD40L expression in CD4+ T cells, and the disease was partially ameliorated by IFNγ neutralization.ConclusionsThis novel model provides an important tool for studying IBD pathogenesis, in particular the complex interactions among innate and adaptive immune cells in a controlled fashion, and represents a valuable tool for preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutics.
Organic matter disappearance and production of short- and branched-chain fatty acids from selected fiber sources used in pet foods by a canine in vitro fermentation model1
Authors: Donadelli Renan A , Titgemeyer Evan C , Aldrich Charles G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Dietary fibers can influence a dog’s overall health, but high concentrations of soluble dietary fibers can cause soft stools. An in vitro model could be useful to predict the rate fibers are fermented once they reach the colon. Pet food companies are constantly searching for new ingredients to differentiate their products from competitors. Miscanthus grass (MG), pea fiber (PF), and sorghum bran (SB) are novel fiber sources that could be alternatives to standards like cellulose (CE) and beet pulp (BP). The objectives of the study were to determine the effects of fiber source on organic matter disappearance (OMD), estimated organic matter disappearance (EOMD), and fermentation end-product concentrations using an in vitro fermentation procedure and dog fecal inoculum. Total dietary fiber (TDF) residues from MG, CE, BP, PF, and SB were fermented in vitro with buffered dog feces. Fecal samples were collected and maintained in anaerobic conditions until the dilution and inoculation. Test tubes containing the fibrous substrates were incubated for 4, 8, and 12 h at 39 °C. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), OMD, and EOMD were determined for each fiber source and time point. Beet pulp had the highest OMD, EOMD, and SCFA production of all tested fiber sources (38.6% OMD, 26.2% EOMD, 2.72 mmol SCFA/g of substrate). Sorghum bran led to greater concentrations of BCFA (59.86 µmol/g of substrate) and intermediate OMD and EOMD compared to the other tested fibers. Cellulose and MG were poorly fermented with the lowest OMD, EOMD, SCFA, and BCFA compared to other fibers. In conclusion, MG could be used as an insoluble minimally fermentable replacement fiber for CE in dog foods.
Effect of stearic or oleic acid on milk performance and energy partitioning when fed in diets with low and high rumen-active unsaturated fatty acids in early lactation
Authors: Yanting Chen , Ma Guiling , Harrison Joseph H , Block Elliot 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of stearic acid (SA; C18:0) or rumen-protected oleic acid (OA; C18:1 cis-9) on milk performance and energy partitioning of early lactation cows when supplemented in diets with low and high level of rumen unsaturated fatty acids (RUFA). In low RUFA experiment (LRUFA), FA supplement rich in either SA or calcium salts OA was added to a basal diet with a low concentration of RUFA (0.75% vs. 1.4%, LRUFA-SA vs. LRUFA-OA). In high RUFA experiment (HRUFA), 2% soybean oil was added to the diet fed in the LRUFA experiment. In each experiment, 30 multiparous cows were blocked by parity and predicted transmitting ability for milk yield and were randomly fed 1 of 2 treatment diets from 2 to 13 wk postpartum. In the LRUFA experiment, LRUFA-SA had 2.4 kg/d more dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.01), 3.8 kg/d more energy-corrected milk (P < 0.01), and 0.3% units more milk fat percentage (P < 0.01) and 0.2 kg/d more milk fat yield (P < 0.01). Dietary treatments did not affect body weight, energy balance, and energy intake partitioning into milk, maintenance, and body tissues (P > 0.1). In the HRUFA experiment, HRUFA-SA had 1.4 kg/d more DMI (P = 0.03) but similar milk and milk components yields (P > 0.1). HRUFA-SA had a tendency to gain more body weight (P = 0.07) and had more positive energy balance (P = 0.01) and decreased gross feed efficiency (milk yield/DMI) (P = 0.01). Consistently, HRUFA-SA increased intake energy partitioning into body tissues (P = 0.02) and decreased energy partitioning into milk (P = 0.01). In summary, SA supplementation had more DMI relative to OA, but the effects on milk and milk fat production were different and affected by the level of RUFA in the basal diet. In application, SA supplementation was more effective to improve milk production when included in the basal diet with the low RUFA.
Action of Metarhizium brunneum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) Against Organophosphate- and Pyrethroid-Resistant Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and the Synergistic Effects of Phenylthiourea
Authors: Prado Rodrigo , Macedo-Salles Pãmella A , Duprat Rodrigo C , Baptista Andrea R S , Feder Denise , Lima José Bento Pereira , Butt Tariq , Ratcliffe Norman A , Mello Cicero Brasileiro 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya arboviruses are endemic in tropical countries and are transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Resistant populations of this mosquito against chemical insecticides are spreading worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of exposure of pesticide-sensitive Ae. aegypti larvae (Rockefeller) to conidia of the entomopathogen, Metarhizium brunneum, laboratory strains ARSEF 4556 and V275, and any synergistic activity of phenylthiourea (PTU). In addition, to investigate the nature of any cross-resistance mechanisms, these M. brunneum strains were tested against the Rockefeller larvae and two temephos- and deltamethrin-resistant wild mosquito populations from Rio de Janeiro. Treatment of Rockefeller larvae with 106 conidia/ml of ARSEF 4556 and V275 fungal strains resulted in significant decreased survival rates to 40 and 53.33%, respectively (P < 0.0001), compared with untreated controls. In contrast, exposure to 104 or 105 conidia/ml showed no such significant survival differences. However, the addition of PTU to the conidia in the bioassays significantly increased mortalities in all groups and induced a molt block. Experiments also showed no differences in Ae. aegypti mortalities between the fungal treated, wild pesticide-resistant populations and the Rockefeller sensitive strain. The results show the efficacy of M. brunneum in controlling Ae. aegypti larvae and the synergistic role of PTU in this process. Importantly, there was no indication of any cross-resistance mechanisms between Ae. aegypti sensitive or resistant to pesticides following treatment with the fungi. These results further support using M. brunneum as an alternative biological control agent against mosquito populations resistant to chemical insecticides.