bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population‐level consequences of seismic surveys on fishes: An interdisciplinary challenge
Authors: Slabbekoorn Hans , Dalen John , de Haan Dick , Winter Hendrik V. , Radford Craig , Ainslie Michael A. , Heaney Kevin D. , van Kooten Tobias , Thomas Len , Harwood John 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOffshore activities elevate ambient sound levels at sea, which may affect marine fauna. We reviewed the literature about impact of airgun acoustic exposure on fish in terms of damage, disturbance and detection and explored the nature of impact assessment at population level. We provided a conceptual framework for how to address this interdisciplinary challenge, and we listed potential tools for investigation. We focused on limitations in data currently available, and we stressed the potential benefits from cross‐species comparisons. Well‐replicated and controlled studies do not exist for hearing thresholds and dose–response curves for airgun acoustic exposure. We especially lack insight into behavioural changes for free‐ranging fish to actual seismic surveys and on lasting effects of behavioural changes in terms of time and energy budgets, missed feeding or mating opportunities, decreased performance in predator‐prey interactions, and chronic stress effects on growth, development and reproduction. We also lack insight into whether any of these effects could have population‐level consequences. General “population consequences of acoustic disturbance” (PCAD) models have been developed for marine mammals, but there has been little progress so far in other taxa. The acoustic world of fishes is quite different from human perception and imagination as fish perceive particle motion and sound pressure. Progress is therefore also required in understanding the nature and extent to which fishes extract acoustic information from their environment. We addressed the challenges and opportunities for upscaling individual impact to the population, community and ecosystem level and provided a guide to critical gaps in our knowledge.
Analysis of stresses and displacements in the vicinity of blunt V‐notches by considering higher order terms
Authors: Bahrami Bahador , Ayatollahi Majid R. , Mirzaei Amir Mohammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMode I asymptotic stress and displacement fields of blunt V‐notches are calculated based on the Muskhelishvili's approach. First, by using appropriate complex potential functions, the stress and displacement components in the polar coordinate system are determined. By applying proper mapping, the notch profile is built up, and then by utilizing the near‐field boundary conditions, free parameters are specified. Afterwards, the solution procedure available for the singular term is extended for higher order terms leading to asymptotic relations for stress and displacement fields. Subsequently, the coefficients of the asymptotic stress fields are computed by using a numerical procedure named “overdeterministic” technique. It is shown that the proposed method that considers the higher order terms yields very good results, whereas the methods based only on the singular term have significant errors. Finally, some parameters affecting the convergence of the numerical results are studied and discussed.
Field‐related quality management system for grass silage production
Authors: Pickert Jürgen , Brüning Dave , Mersch Ferdinand , Herrmann Antje , Weise Gerhard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA model for the prediction of the silage quality was tested in several large farms in northeast Germany. The model uses data and information on the fresh grass and the application of silage additives at ensiling to evaluate the “ensilability.” During clamp filling, the model analyses information on the filling performance, activity of compacting machines and hermitic covering of the clamp and evaluates the “ensiling technique.” Both “ensilability” and “ensiling technique” are assessed as “good,” “medium” or “bad” and pooled in “silage evaluation grades” 1–5. In the present model version, the predicted silage net energy lactation (NEL) and crude protein (CP) content is between 3% (for the best grade 1) and 15% (for the weakest grade 5) lower than the fresh grass NEL and CP content. In our experiments, all the grass silage production systems were characterized by “good” “ensilability” and “ensiling technique.” Under those circumstances, the experimental results indicated a closer numerical relation between fresh grass and measured silage NEL and CP content than between predicted silage and measured silage NEL and CP content. The results reveal that the model prediction calculation should be changed compared to the present version. If “ensilability” and “ensiling technique” are evaluated as “good,” the predicted silage NEL and CP content should be forecasted in a range between 0% and 3% decrease compared to fresh grass.
Patterns of patient withdrawal from BCG treatment for bladder cancer: A retrospective time interval analysis
Authors: Alcorn Jason , Burton Rob , Topping Annie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe research aim of this research was to answer the questions of what were the patterns that have been recorded for the withdrawal from BCG treatment and what individual factors influenced the withdrawal? Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) vaccine was first introduced at the turn of the 19th to 20th century and since the 1970s has become significant in the treatment of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It is concerning to note that little is known about the patient experience of this intravesical treatment, which is particularly concerning. Despite over 50 years of clinical use, early withdrawal from treatment rates of between 32% and 86% have been reported in the literature. This study sought to estimate the rate of non‐completion of BCG regime in one English National Health Service Cancer Unit and identify factors that contributed to patients' decisions to withdraw. A retrospective observational time interval study of a consecutive sample 234 case records of patients who underwent intravesical BCG treatment in one English National Health Service Cancer Unit, using time to event analysis. The population for this review was from a large metropolitan area in England, including a large northern town and satellites where heavy industry had dominated. The overall withdrawal rate was 211 (90%) prior to completion of induction and maintenance regime. The majority, 107 (46%) withdrew from treatment within the first year. Age, number of side effects and symptoms and contact with CNS were all associated with withdrawal. The data has shown that age, side effects, contact details and information giving may be factors that contribute to a patient deciding whether they stay on treatment or withdraw from it.
Workplace resilience and emotional labour of Australian mental health nurses: Results of a national survey
Authors: Delgado Cynthia , Roche Michael , Fethney Judith , Foster Kim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEmotional labour is a form of adversity faced by mental health nurses in the context of their workplace interactions. Frequent exposure to emotional adversity can negatively impact mental health nurses’ biopsychosocial well‐being, workplace relationships, and performance. Workplace resilience is a dynamic interactive process within and between the person and their environment that promotes positive adaptation to adverse events and restores well‐being. Workplace resilience could be a protective process that helps mental health nurses positively adapt to workplace emotional adversity. This study aimed to investigate Australian mental health nurses’ workplace resilience and emotional labour and explore the relationship between them. A national cross‐sectional online survey comprising the Resilience at Work and Emotional Labour scales was completed by registered nurses (n = 482) working in a mental health role or setting across Australia. There was a strong negative relationship between resilience and the emotional labour strategy of surface acting. A positive association between resilience, frequency of emotional labour, and clinical supervision was also found. These findings point to a potential link between mental health nurses’ skills of cognitive reframing, and emotional and behavioural regulation needed to effectively manage their emotions and remain therapeutic in interpersonal interactions. Clinical supervision may be a key strategy in supporting mental health nurses’ resilience. Further investigation of workplace individuals’ internal and external resources, and organizational resources, supports, and strategies that can promote and strengthen mental health nurses’ well‐being is needed.
Holistic nursing competence scale: Turkish translation and psychometric testing
Authors: Aydin A. , Hiçdurmaz D. 
Published: May 2019

AimThis study aimed to culturally adapt and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Holistic Nursing Competence Scale for application in the Turkish context.BackgroundNurses are expected to assess well‐being of individuals by considering physical, social, psychological, cultural and spiritual dimensions to enhance adaptation to diseases. In Turkey, no tools have been developed to date for the evaluation of competencies in holistic nursing in the country.MethodsThe study was conducted with 288 nurses working in two hospitals in Ankara equipped with over 500 beds. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed in order to identify whether the items and the sub‐dimensions of the adapted scale complied with the original structure comprising 36 items and five sub‐scales, namely ‘general aptitude’, ‘staff education and management’, ‘ethically oriented practice’, ‘nursing care in a team’ and ‘professional development’. Cronbach's alpha value was used as an estimate for reliability analysis.ResultsOpinions of 11 experts were obtained for content validation of the scale, and the content validity index was 0.90. The adaptation was observed to be acceptable on the basis of structural equation model fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha value was estimated to be 0.97 and 0.90, respectively, for the complete scale.ConclusionThe study identified the Turkish version of Holistic Nursing Competence Scale as a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of competence in holistic nursing among nurses.Implications for nursing and nursing policyThe instrument may now be utilized as a tool of measurement in nursing practice, as well as in education and research, for identifying the level of competence in the holistic nursing practices among the nurses in Turkey.
Predicting 1‐Year Mortality in Older Hospitalized Patients: External Validation of the HOMR Model
Authors: Curtin Denis , Dahly Darren L. , van Smeden Maarten , O'Donnell Desmond P. , Doyle David , Gallagher Paul , O'Mahony Denis 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVESAccurate prognostic information can enable patients and physicians to make better healthcare decisions. The Hospital‐patient One‐year Mortality Risk (HOMR) model accurately predicted mortality risk (concordance [C] statistic = .92) in adult hospitalized patients in a recent study in North America. We evaluated the performance of the HOMR model in a population of older inpatients in a large teaching hospital in Ireland.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGAcute hospital.PARTICIPANTSPatients aged 65 years or older cared for by inpatient geriatric medicine services from January 1, 2013, to March 6, 2015 (n = 1654). After excluding those who died during the index hospitalization (n = 206) and those with missing data (n = 39), the analytical sample included 1409 patients.MEASUREMENTSAdministrative data and information abstracted from hospital discharge reports were used to determine covariate values for each patient. One‐year mortality was determined from the hospital information system, local registries, or by contacting the patient's general practitioner. The linear predictor for each patient was calculated, and performance of the model was evaluated in terms of its overall performance, discrimination, and calibration. Recalibrated and revised models were also estimated and evaluated.RESULTSOne‐year mortality rate after hospital discharge in this patient cohort was 18.6%. The unadjusted HOMR model had good discrimination (C statistic = .78; 95% confidence interval = .76‐.81) but was poorly calibrated and consistently overestimated mortality prediction. The model's performance was modestly improved by recalibration and revision (optimism corrected C statistic = .8).CONCLUSIONThe superior discriminative performance of the HOMR model reported previously was substantially attenuated in its application to our cohort of older hospitalized patients, who represent a specific subset of the original derivation cohort. Updating methods improved its performance in our cohort, but further validation, refinement, and clinical impact studies are required before use in routine clinical practice. J Am Geriatr Soc 1‐6, 2019.
Evidence‐Based Community Fall Prevention Programs at Senior Centers Near 10 US Academic Centers
Authors: Hamel Corey , Hekmatjah Natan , Hakakian Ben , Banooni Matthew , Lalezari Jonathan , Simino Matthew S. , Azizi Jacob , Zaghi David , Kamen Leon , Atanelov Levan 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that patients at risk of falling engage in evidence‐based community fall prevention programs (EBCFPPs). EBCFPPs are often delivered in senior centers (SCs). This is the first independent assessment of availability of EBCFPPs in SCs.DESIGNCross‐sectional study of four types of EBCFPPs in the 25‐mile radius of 10 US academic centers (ACs).SETTINGSCs.PARTICIPANTSSCs.INTERVENTIONNone.MEASUREMENTSNumber and types of EBCFPPs offered at SCs.RESULTSAcross the 10 ACs, 249 SCs were sampled. Of the SCs, 35% offered zero, 54% offered at least one, 9% offered at least two, and 2% offered at least three EBCFPPs. Tai Chi of any type was offered in 59.8%, A Matter of Balance was offered in 8.9%, Stepping On was offered in 8.0%, and Staying Active and Independent for Life was offered in 1.2% of SCs sampled. SCs near Columbia University offered all four of the programs, while those near the University of Utah, Johns Hopkins University, and Seattle University only offered three of the programs. In univariate analysis, the number of local SCs was significantly associated with quantity of EBCFPPs (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9‐2.6; P < .001), but not with diversity of EBCFPPs (OR = 1.0; 95% CI = 1.0‐1.1; P = .13). In multivariate regression, city, sex distribution, and average household income did not correlate with the overall number or the diversity of EBCFPPs, whereas locales with more SCs offered more EBCFPPs (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.7‐2.9; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSA significant number of SCs still do not offer any EBCFPPs. From those that do, few offer a diversity of these programs. Opportunities exist to increase access to EBCFPPs in SCs.
Evaluating the Macroeconomic Effects of the ECB's Unconventional Monetary Policies
Authors: MOUABBI SARAH , SAHUC JEAN‐GUILLAUME 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe quantify the macroeconomic effects of the European Central Bank's unconventional monetary policies using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model which includes a set of shadow interest rates. Extracted from the yield curve, these shadow rates provide unconstrained measures of the overall stance of monetary policy. Counterfactual analyses show that, without unconventional measures, the euro area would have suffered (i) a substantial loss of output since the Great Recession and (ii) a period of deflation from mid‐2015 to early 2017. Specifically, year‐on‐year inflation and GDP growth would have been on average about 0.61% and 1.09% below their actual levels over the period 2014Q1–17Q2, respectively.
Development of the basal hypothalamus through anisotropic growth
Authors: Fu Travis , Pearson Caroline , Towers Matthew , Placzek Marysia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe adult hypothalamus is subdivided into distinct domains: pre‐optic, anterior, tuberal and mammillary. Each domain harbours an array of neurones that act together to regulate homeostasis. The embryonic origins and the development of hypothalamic neurones, however, remain enigmatic. Here, we summarise recent studies in model organisms that challenge current views of hypothalamic development, which traditionally have attempted to map adult domains to correspondingly located embryonic domains. Instead, new studies indicate that hypothalamic neurones arise from progenitor cells that undergo anisotropic growth, expanding to a greater extent than other progenitors, and grow in different dimensions. We describe in particular how a multipotent Shh/Fgf10‐expressing progenitor population gives rise to progenitors throughout the basal hypothalamus that grow anisotropically and sequentially: first, a subset displaced rostrally give rise to anterior‐ventral/tuberal neuronal progenitors; then a subset displaced caudally give rise to mammillary neuronal progenitors; and, finally, a subset(s) displaced ventrally give rise to tuberal infundibular glial progenitors. As this occurs, stable populations of Shh+ive and Fgf10+ive progenitors form. We describe current understanding of the mechanisms that induce Shh+ive/Fgf10+ive progenitors and begin to direct their differentiation to anterior‐ventral/tuberal neuronal progenitors, mammillary neuronal progenitors and tuberal infundibular progenitors. Taken together, these studies suggest a new model for hypothalamic development that we term the “anisotropic growth model”. We discuss the implications of the model for understanding the origins of adult hypothalamic neurones.
The influence of flap design on sequelae and quality of life following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars: A split‐mouth randomised clinical trial
Authors: Şimşek Kaya Göksel , Yapıcı Yavuz Günay , Saruhan Nesrin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is one of the most frequently performed interventions in oral and maxillofacial surgery.ObjectivesTo compare two different flap designs in terms of sequelae and quality of life following surgical removal of impacted third molars.MethodsThis prospective, randomised, split‐mouth clinical study involved patients referred for surgical removal of bilateral symmetrical impacted mandibular third molars. Envelope flap and modified triangular flap techniques were used. The effects of flap design on trismus, swelling, wound dehiscence, alveolar osteitis, haematoma, infection and quality of life were evaluated on post‐operative days 3 and 7. Pain levels were assessed on post‐operative days 1, 3 and 7.ResultsSignificant differences were determined between the two groups in terms of trismus, pain and wound dehiscence scores on post‐operative day 3. However, on post‐operative day 7, this difference was observed only in trismus. Statistically significant differences were also determined between the two groups on post‐operative day 3 for social isolation and eating subscale scores as well as total quality of life score.ConclusionBased on the study findings, the modified triangular flap may be superior to the envelope flap in terms of pain, trismus, and wound dehiscence in the first 3 days after impacted third molar surgery and may have a better impact on quality of life during this process.
Data approximation strategies between generalized line scales and the influence of labels and spacing
Authors: Kershaw Jonathan C. , Running Cordelia A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractComparing sensory data gathered using different line scales is challenging. We tested whether adding internal labels to a generalized visual analog scale (gVAS) would improve comparability to a typical generalized labeled magnitude scale (gLMS). Untrained participants evaluated cheeses using one of four randomly assigned scales. Normalization to a cross‐modal standard and/or two gLMS transformations were applied to the data. Response means and distributions were lower for the gLMS than the gVAS, but no difference in resolving power was detected. The presence of labels, with or without line markings, caused categorical‐like lumping of responses. Closer low‐end label spacing for gLMS increased influenced participants to mark near higher intensity labels when they were evaluating low‐intensity samples. Although normalization reduced differences between scales, neither transformation nor normalization was supported as appropriate gLMS/gVAS approximation strategies. This study supports previous observations that neither scale offers a systematic advantage and that participant usage differences limit direct scale comparisons.Practical applicationsPractitioners should exercise caution when comparing between gVAS and gLMS data, as neither normalization nor transformations make these equivalent. The value of qualitative information from internal labels generalized labeled magnitude scale (gLMS) and the expected intensity of samples should be considered when choosing a scale (generalized visual analog scale may be better for lower intensity samples, gLMS for high intensity). While all scales in this study provide valid information regarding sample intensity, the impact of scale on statistical assumptions, most notably the non‐normal distribution of residuals from gLMS data, should also be considered and corrected when necessary.
In ovo injection of branched‐chain amino acids: Embryonic development, hatchability and hatching quality of turkey poults
Authors: Kop‐Bozbay Canan , Ocak Nuh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, the influence of a branched‐chain amino acid blend (BCAA composed of 3 l‐leucine:1 l‐valine:2 l‐isoleucine) injected into the amniotic fluid was evaluated for embryonic growth, yolk‐sac (YS) utilization and development of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and skeletal muscles of turkey embryos from day 24 of incubation (24E) to hatching, together with hatchability, poult quality and liver L* (lightness), a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values at hatch. At day 22 of incubation, embryonated eggs (n = 240) were assigned to three treatments, that is, eggs were not injected (control, NC) or injected with 1.5 ml sterile solution with 0.9% salt (SA) or 0.2% BCAA blend (BCAAb). These solutions were injected manually into the amniotic fluid of the embryonated eggs. To determine weights and lengths (where appropriate) of the studied organs and tissues, four embryonated eggs and poults per treatment were selected at 24E and at hatch. While the BCAAb decreased the YS and embryo weight, hatchability and the liver L* value, it increased the weight and quality of poults and the weights of breast and thigh muscles at hatch. In conclusion, the in ovo feeding of the BCAA blend negatively affected hatchability but positively affected hatching weight and poult quality by improving development of skeletal muscles and by regulating energy metabolism.