bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes with early response to first-line treatment in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Tandon Nidhi , Sidana Surbhi , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Gertz Morie A. , Buadi Francis K. , Lacy Martha Q. , Kapoor Prashant , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Dispenzieri Angela , Kourelis Taxiarchis V. , Warsame Rahma , Dingli David , Fonder Amie L. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hobbs Miriam A. , Hwa Yi Lisa , Kyle Robert A. , Leung Nelson , Go Ronald S. , Lust John A. , Russell Stephen J. , Kumar Shaji K. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We evaluated the impact of achieving a rapid response in 840 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients from 2004 to 2015. Rates of very good partial response (VGPR) or better were 29% (240/840) after 2 cycles of treatment, 42% (350/840) after 4 cycles of treatment, and 66% (552/840) as best response. Early responders after 2 cycles of treatment had higher rates of light chain disease, anemia, renal failure, International Staging System (ISS) stage III disease, and high-risk cytogenetics, especially t(4;14), and were more likely to have received triplet therapy and undergo transplant. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not different among patients with ≥VGPR and &lt;VGPR after 2 cycles (PFS, 28 vs 30 months, P = .6; OS, 78 vs 96 months, P = .1) and 4 cycles (PFS, 31 vs 29 months; OS, 89 vs 91 months, P = .9), although both were improved, with ≥VGPR as best response (PFS, 33 vs 22 months, P &lt; .001; OS, 102 vs 77 months, P = .003). On multivariate analysis stratified by transplant status, achievement of ≥VGPR after 2 cycles was not associated with improved PFS (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]; transplant cohort, 1.1 [0.7-1.6]; nontransplant cohort, 1.2 [0.8-1.7]) or OS (transplant cohort, 1.6 [0.9-2.9]; nontransplant cohort, 1.5 [1.0-2.4]). Covariates in the model included high-risk cytogenetics, ISS stage III, triplet therapy, creatinine ≥2 mg/dL, light chain disease, and age. Although patients with high-risk disease are more likely to achieve early response, a rapid achievement of a deep response by itself does not affect long-term outcomes.
Revealing cellular and molecular transitions in neonatal germ cell differentiation using single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Liao Jinyue , Ng Shuk Han , Luk Alfred Chun , Suen Hoi Ching , Qian Yan , Lee Annie Wing Tung , Tu Jiajie , Fung Jacqueline Chak Lam , Tang Nelson Leung Sang , Feng Bo , Chan Wai Yee , Fouchet Pierre , Hobbs Robin M. , Lee Tin Lap 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Neonatal germ cell development provides the foundation of spermatogenesis. However, a systematic understanding of this process is still limited. To resolve cellular and molecular heterogeneity in this process, we profiled single cell transcriptomes of undifferentiated germ cells from neonatal mouse testes and employed unbiased clustering and pseudotime ordering analysis to assign cells to distinct cell states in the developmental continuum. We defined the unique transcriptional programs underlying migratory capacity, resting cellular states and apoptosis regulation in transitional gonocytes. We also identified a subpopulation of primitive spermatogonia marked by CD87 (plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor), which exhibited a higher level of self-renewal gene expression and migration potential. We further revealed a differentiation-primed state within the undifferentiated compartment, in which elevated Oct4 expression correlates with lower expression of self-renewal pathway factors, higher Rarg expression, and enhanced retinoic acid responsiveness. Lastly, a knockdown experiment revealed the role of Oct4 in the regulation of gene expression related to the MAPK pathway and cell adhesion, which may contribute to stem cell differentiation. Our study thus provides novel insights into cellular and molecular regulation during early germ cell development.
Flight muscle protein damage during endurance flight is related to energy expenditure but not dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in a migratory bird
Authors: Dick Morag F. , Guglielmo Christopher G. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Migration poses many physiological challenges for birds, including sustaining high intensity aerobic exercise for hours or days. A consequence of endurance flight is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS production may be influenced by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which, although prone to oxidative damage, may limit mitochondrial ROS production and increase antioxidant capacity. We examined how flight muscles manage oxidative stress during flight, and whether dietary long-chain PUFA influence ROS management or damage. Yellow-rumped warblers were fed diets low in PUFA, or high in long-chain n-3 or n-6 PUFA. Flight muscle was sampled from birds in each diet treatment at rest or immediately after flying for up to a maximum of 360 min in a wind tunnel. Flight increased flight muscle superoxide dismutase activity but had no effect on catalase activity. The ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulphide decreased during flight. Oxidative protein damage, indicated by protein carbonyls, increased with flight duration (Pearson r=0.4). Further examination of just individuals that flew for 360 min (N=15) indicates that oxidative damage was related more to total energy expenditure (Pearson r=0.86) than to flight duration itself. This suggests that high quality individuals with higher flight efficiency have not only lower energy costs but also potentially less oxidative damage to repair after arrival at the destination. No significant effects of dietary long-chain PUFA were observed on antioxidants or damage. Overall, flight results in oxidative stress and the degree of damage is likely driven more by energy costs than fatty acid nutrition.
Skeletal kinematics of the hyoid arch in the suction-feeding sharkChiloscyllium plagiosum
Authors: Scott Bradley , Wilga Cheryl A. D. , Brainerd Elizabeth L. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWhite-spotted bamboo sharks, Chiloscyllium plagiosum, generate strong suction-feeding pressures that rival the highest levels measured in ray-finned fishes. However, the hyostylic jaw suspension of these sharks is fundamentally different from the actinopterygian mechanism, including more mobile hyomandibulae, with the jaws and ceratohyal suspended from the hyomandibulae. Prior studies have proposed skeletal kinematics during feeding in orectolobid sharks from indirect measurements. Here, we tested these hypotheses using XROMM to measure cartilage motions directly. In agreement with prior hypotheses, we found extremely large retraction and depression of the ceratohyal, facilitated by large protraction and depression of the hyomandibula. Somewhat unexpectedly, XROMM also showed tremendous long-axis rotation (LAR) of both the ceratohyal and hyomandibula. This LAR likely increases the range of motion for the hyoid arch by keeping the elements properly articulated through their large arcs of motion. XROMM also confirmed that upper jaw protraction occurs before peak gape, similarly to actinopterygian suction feeders, but different from most other sharks in which jaw protrusion serves primarily to close the mouth. Early jaw protraction results from decoupling the rotations of the hyomandibula, with much of protraction occurring before peak gape with the other rotations lagging behind. In addition, the magnitudes of retraction and protraction of the hyoid elements are independent of the magnitude of depression, varying the shape of the mouth among feeding strikes. Hence, the large variation in suction-feeding behavior and performance may contribute to the wide dietary breadth of bamboo sharks.
Recent Advances in Molecular Spectroscopy of Electronic and Vibrational Transitions in Condensed Phase and Its Application to Chemistry
Authors: Ozaki Yukihiro 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This review outlines recent progress in molecular spectroscopy of electronic and vibrational transitions in a condensed phase. Among various spectroscopies, in this review, I have selected far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectroscopy, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Terahertz (THz)/far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopy because our group has been very much involved in the development of these spectroscopies. For each spectroscopy I describe its brief history, characteristics, and applications to a variety of chemistry. One of the purposes of this review article is to show how the advances in molecular spectroscopy have brought about progress in various fields of chemistry. Some emphasis is put on the explanation of the development of instruments in our group because it induced new advances in FUV, NIR and Raman (particularly surface-enhanced Raman scattering and tip-enhanced Raman scattering). Moreover, through this article, new introduction of quantum chemical calculations to each spectroscopy is highlighted.
Perceptions of plagiarism among undergraduate medical students in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Javaeed Arslaan , Khan Abdus Salam , Khan Shafqat Husnain , Ghauri Sanniya Khan 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: With the rise in the number of published papers in the biomedical field, plagiarism has become a major ethical concern as it has a direct effect on the quality of these papers. The objective of this research was to determine the perceptions of medical students towards plagiarism, the reasons students engage in plagiarism, the types of plagiarism, the consequences of plagiarism, and solutions to the problem of plagiarism.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in two medical colleges in Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June to September, 2018, using self-administered structured questionnaires.
Results: Of the 1100 participants, up to 86.91% (n=956) were not aware of the existence of plagiarism, but the majority, i.e. 71.18% (n=783) have plagiarised the work of others before. Copying from colleagues or senior students is the most common type of plagiarism that medical students engage in owing to the ease with which fellow students’ work can be shared and copied. However, a lack of institutional awareness of the extent to which plagiarism exists, poor vigilance in detecting it, and the absence of clear policies to deal with plagiarism are mostly to blame.
Conclusion: Plagiarism is common among medical students in developing countries, and it is necessary to create awareness about the consequences of engaging in this unethical practice both in the academic field and in the larger medical research society, in order to reduce its prevalence.
How to cite this:Javaeed A, Khan AS, Khan SH, Ghauri SK. Perceptions of plagiarism among undergraduate medical students in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):532-536. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.33
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The effect of silver nanoparticles incorporation in the self-etch adhesive system on its antibacterial activity and degree of conversion: an in-vitro study
Authors: F. Mohammed Heba , I. Riad Mona 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Despite of the recent advances in the adhesive dentistry, high possibility of microbial biofilm development at the resin restoration surfaces may lead to marginal gaps and recurrent caries. Degree of conversion of the dental adhesive represents a relative assessment to its quality, and a direct correlation with its mechanical behavior. This in vitro study was carried out to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles incorporated in two forms into the self-etch adhesive system and the effect of their incorporation on the degree of conversion of the self-etch adhesive. Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the self-etch adhesive system incorporated with nanosilver powder and solution against Streptococcus mutans was tested using an agar diffusion test. The effect of nanosilver incorporation (powder and ethanol-based solution) in the self-etch adhesive system on its degree of conversion was assessed using Attenuated Total Reflectance/ Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrometer (ATR/ FTIR). Results: The results showed that silver nanoparticles incorporation (powder or ethanol based at 12.5 µg/ml concentration) significantly increased the antibacterial efficacy of the self-etch adhesive against Streptococcus mutans (P< 0.05). Nanosilver powder possessed higher significant antibacterial effect when compared to silver ethanol based solution (P< 0.05). Degree of conversion of self-etch adhesive containing nanosilver powder showed non-significant difference from the control group (p > 0.05). In contrast, self-etch adhesive with nanosilver solution recorded significantly lower values when compared to the control or nanosilver powder group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The antibacterial efficacy of the adhesive system can be greatly potentiated with the addition of silver nanoparticles (12µg/mL concentration) especially the nanosilver powder. Incorporation of the antibacterial nanosilver powder in the adhesive system didn’t compromise the degree of conversion of the adhesive resin.
Oximetry and neonatal examination for the detection of critical congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aranguren Bello Hernán Camilo , Londoño Trujillo Dario , Troncoso Moreno Gloria Amparo , Dominguez Torres Maria Teresa , Taborda Restrepo Alejandra , Fonseca Alejandra , Sandoval Reyes Nestor , Chamorro Cindy Lorena , Dennis Verano Rodolfo José 
Published: March 2019

Background: Undiagnosed congenital heart disease in the prenatal stage can occur in approximately 5 to 15 out of 1000 live births; more than a quarter of these will have critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Late postnatal diagnosis is associated with a worse prognosis during childhood, and there is evidence that a standardized measurement of oxygen saturation in the newborn by cutaneous oximetry is an optimal method for the detection of CCHD. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis comparing the operational characteristics of oximetry and physical examination for the detection of CCHD. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted on the following databases including published studies between 2002 and 2017, with no language restrictions: Pubmed, Science Direct, Ovid, Scopus and EBSCO, with the following keywords: oximetry screening, critical congenital heart disease, newborn OR oximetry screening heart defects, congenital, specificity, sensitivity, physical examination. Results: A total of 419 articles were found, from which 69 were selected based on their titles and abstracts. After quality assessment, five articles were chosen for extraction of data according to inclusion criteria; data were analyzed on a sample of 404,735 newborns in the five included studies. The following values were found, corresponding to the operational characteristics of oximetry in combination with the physical examination: sensitivity: 0.92 (CI 95%, 0.87-0.95), specificity: 0.98 (CI 95%, 0.89-1.00), for physical examination alone sensitivity: 0.53 (CI 95%, 0.28-0.78) and specificity: 0.99 (CI 95%, 0.97-1.00). Conclusions: Evidence found in different articles suggests that pulse oximetry in addition to neonatal physical examination presents optimal operative characteristics that make it an adequate screening test for detection of CCHD in newborns, above all this is essential in low and middle-income settings where technology medical support is not entirely available.
GERAK TANGAN SEBAGAI ISYARAT DALAM MASYARAKAT JEPANG DAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA
Authors: Ratna Maharani Patria 
Published: March 2019

Abstract This article describes phenomenon of similarities and differences gestures which have similarities and differences in the interpretation of the meaning of Japan society and Indonesia society. In Japan society and Indonesia society, equations of motion cues with similar meaning indicating similarities mindsets. In contrast, differences in gestures with different meanings show different mindset. This paper also describes some cases phenomenon of gesture interpretation misunderstandings caused by cultural differences between speaker and listener. To learn a language, is to learn the culture contained therein Keywords: gestures, mindsets, society, culture, phenomenon
MANIFESTASI HEROISME DALAM TRADISI JEPANG DAN JAWA Persamaan dan Perbedaan Dongeng Momotarō dan Epos Bharatayuda
Authors: Noviana Fajria 
Published: March 2019

Abstract This comparative study was conducted to find out how heroism in Japanese and Javanese traditions is manifested into two literary works representing those traditions: Momotarō and Bharatayuda. This study is also aimed to find out the similarities of heroism manifestation in the two traditions. The reason for conducting this study is from the assumption that heroism is a universal concept. Therefore, such heroisms have similarities although they may come from different traditional backgrounds. Structural analysis and binary opposition were used in this study. The structural analysis was used to obtain the data on traditional background of the areas and the actions done by the main characters, while binary opposition was used to obtain the data on the main characters’ heroic actions which were then concluded as the heroic manifestation. The result shows that the heroismmanifestation in Japanese and Javanese traditions has the following things in common: 1) conquering enemies, 2) protecting the members of the group, 3) keeping promise, 4) recompense, and 5) acting ethically. The result of this study can also prove the truth of the assumption. Key words: heroism, heroic actions, Japanese and Javanese traditions
Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole by Electrochemically Activated Persulfate Using Iron Anode
Authors: Zheng Lei , Jin Hui , Yu Men , Zhongwei Qi , Zhang Lingling , Shikun Cheng , Li Zifu 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this study, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was removed by electrochemically activated persulfate using iron anode. Different oxidation processes (persulfate alone, Fe2+/persulfate, electrolysis alone, electrochemically/Persulfate) were investigated, the results showed SMX could be more efficiently degraded under the electrochemically/Persulfate system. Central composite design (CCD) based Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and elucidate the individual and interactive effects of independent variables on the degradation kinetics of sulfamethoxazole. The maximum kinetics was predicted by CCD as pH 3.6, 18 mA applied current and 3.55 mM/L persulfate concentration. The results of free-radical scavenging experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) indicated that both
{\text{SO}}_4^{ \cdot - } and HO· were responsible for the degradation of SMX. The inhibition of methanol (MeOH) was lower than tertiary butanol (TBA), due to the generation of methanol radical (·CH2OH), which promoted the reduction of Fe3+to Fe2+. LC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis was done on SMX and its intermediates. The SMX degradation pathway during the electrochemical treatment was proposed. In addition, two typical inorganic anions (
{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - },{\text{HCO}}_3^ -) were investigated and the inhibitory effect of
{\text{HC}}O_3^ - was more obvious.
Die Partizipation der Ressource Mitglied in gemeinwesenorientierten Genossenschaften
Authors: Jensen-Auverman Tessa , Adams Isabel , Doluschitz Reiner 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungHeutzutage werden Genossenschaften (e.G.) als geeignete Organisationsform von menschgetragenen Bewegungen wahrgenommen, was u. a. in Form der gestiegenen e.G. Gründungen im Gemeinwesen deutlich wird. Verglichen mit e.G. in klassischen Sparten sind diese e.G. überwiegend von heterogenen Mitgliederstrukturen gekennzeichnet. Heterogenität hat Vorteile und wird als Ressource betrachtet. Im Sommer 2017 wurde in gemeinwesenorientierten e.G. eine quantitative Onlinebefragung von Organvertretern und Mitgliedern durchgeführt. Die operative Voraussetzung, um Wissen und Fähigkeiten der Ressource Mitglied in die e.G. einbinden zu können, ist gegeben. Jedoch kann nicht bestätigt werden, dass das partizipierende Mitglied als potentielle Ressource verstanden wird.
Furosemide–Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Interactions in Aqueous Dimethylsulfoxide Solutions: Physico–Chemical Studies
Authors: Kaushal Deepika , Rana Dilbag S. , Kumar Manish , Singh Kailash , Singh Kuldeep , Chauhan Suvarcha , Umar Ahmad 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Interaction of a cardiovascular drug, Furosemide with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been studied in aqueous solutions of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with the help of density, speed of sound and conductivity measurements over a range of temperatures 293.15–313.15 K at interval of 5 K. The interaction parameters viz. apparent molar volume, Vϕ
and apparent molar isentropic compression, κs

,

ϕ
have been enumerated from density and speed of sound data. Also, variation in the micellization behavior has been explored by calculating critical micelle concentration, CMC. It has been observed that micellization tendency of the surfactant decreases in the presence of DMSO as compared to pure aqueous system. Moreover, the CMC values shift toward lower concentration with increase in Furosemide content because of increase in hydrophobic hydration which may be to hydrophobicity of drug molecule. The dependence of CMC in mole fraction (Xcmc
) values on the temperature has been analyzed in terms of thermodynamics of the system by reporting the standard thermodynamic parameters i.e. standard Gibb’s free energy

(
Δ

G
m
o

)
,

$(\Delta G_m^o),$

enthalpy

(
Δ

H
m
o

)

$(\Delta H_m^o)$

and entropy

(
Δ

S
m
o

)

$(\Delta S_m^o)$

of micellization for CTAB in mixed solvent systems. The entropies of micellization are all positive, and they compensate the enthalpies of the process. Compensation temperature, Tc has also been evaluated from enthalpy–entropy compensation whose values lies in Lumrys range (270–300 K).
Usefulness Criterion and Post-selection Parental Contributions in Multi-parental Crosses: Application to Polygenic Trait Introgression
Authors: Allier Antoine , Moreau Laurence , Charcosset Alain , Teyssèdre Simon , Lehermeier Christina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Predicting the usefulness of crosses in terms of expected genetic gain and genetic diversity is of interest to secure performance in the progeny and to maintain long-term genetic gain in plant breeding. A wide range of crossing schemes are possible including large biparental crosses, backcrosses, four-way crosses, and synthetic populations. In silico progeny simulations together with genome-based prediction of quantitative traits can be used to guide mating decisions. However, the large number of multi-parental combinations can hinder the use of simulations in practice. Analytical solutions have been proposed recently to predict the distribution of a quantitative trait in the progeny of biparental crosses using information of recombination frequency and linkage disequilibrium between loci. Here, we extend this approach to obtain the progeny distribution of more complex crosses including two to four parents. Considering agronomic traits and parental genome contribution as jointly multivariate normally distributed traits, the usefulness criterion parental contribution (UCPC) enables to (i) evaluate the expected genetic gain for agronomic traits, and at the same time (ii) evaluate parental genome contributions to the selected fraction of progeny. We validate and illustrate UCPC in the context of multiple allele introgression from a donor into one or several elite recipients in maize (Zea mays L.). Recommendations regarding the interest of two-way, three-way, and backcrosses were derived depending on the donor performance. We believe that the computationally efficient UCPC approach can be useful for mate selection and allocation in many plant and animal breeding contexts.