Neutrino emission from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 prior to the IceCube-170922A alert
Authors:   IceCube Collaboration, Aartsen Mark , Ackermann Markus , Adams Jenni , Aguilar Juan Antonio , Ahlers Markus , Ahrens Maryon , Al Samarai Imen , Altmann David , Andeen Karen , Anderson Tyler , Ansseau Isabelle , Anton Gisela , Argüelles Carlos , Arsioli Bruno , Auffenberg Jan , Axani Spencer , Bagherpour Hadis , Bai Xinhua , Barron Jared , Barwick Steve , Baum Volker , Bay Ryan , Beatty James , Becker Karl Heinz , Becker Tjus Julia , BenZvi Segev , Berley David , Bernardini Elisa , Besson David , Binder Gary , Bindig Daniel , Blaufuss Erik , Blot Summer , Bohm Christian , Boerner Mathis , Bos Fabian , Boeser Sebastian , Botner Olga , Bourbeau Etienne , Bourbeau James , Bradascio Federica , Braun Jim , Brenzke Martin , Bretz Hans-Peter , Bron Stephanie , Brostean-Kaiser Jannes , Burgman Alexander , Busse Raffaela , Carver Tessa , Cheung Edward , Chirkin Dmitry , Christov Asen , Clark Ken , Classen Lew , Coenders Stefan , Collin Gabriel , Conrad Janet , Coppin Paul , Correa Pablo , Cowen Doug , Cross Robert , Dave Pranav , Day Melanie , de André Joao Pedro A. M. , De Clercq Catherine , Delaunay James , Dembinski Hans , DeRidder Sam , Desiati Paolo , de Vries Krijn , DeWasseige Gwenhael , DeWith Meike , DeYoung Ty , Díaz-Vélez Juan Carlos , Di Lorenzo Vincenzo , Dujmovic Hrvoje , Dumm Jonathan , Dunkman Matt , Dvorak Emily , Eberhardt Benjamin , Ehrhardt Thomas , Eichmann Bjorn , Eller Philipp , Evenson Paul , Fahey Sam , Fazely Ali , Felde John , Filimonov Kirill , Finley Chad , Flis Samuel , Franckowiak Anna , Friedman Elizabeth , Fritz Alexander , Gaisser Tom , Gallagher Jay , Gerhardt Lisa , Ghorbani Kevin , Giommi Paolo , Glauch Theo , Gluesenkamp Thorsten , Goldschmidt Azriel , Gonzalez Javier , Grant Darren , Griffith Zachary , Haack Christian , Hallgren Allan , Halzen Francis , Hanson Kael , Hebecker Dustin , Heereman David , Helbing Klaus , Hellauer Robert , Hickford Stephanie , Hignight Joshua , Hill Gary , Hoffman Kara , Hoffmann Ruth , Hoinka Tobias , Hokanson-Fasig Benjamin , Hoshina Kotoyo , Huang Feifei , Huber Matthias , Hultqvist Klas , Huennefeld Mirco , Hussain Raamis , In Seongjin , Iovine Nadège , Ishihara Aya , Jacobi Emanuel , Japaridze George , Jeong Minjin , Jero Kyle , Jones Benjamin , Kalaczynski Piotr , Kang Woosik , Kappes Alexander , Kappesser David , Karg Timo , Karle Albrecht , Katz Uli , Kauer Matt , Keivani Azadeh , Kelley John , Kheirandish Ali , Kim JongHyun , Kim Myoungchul , Kintscher Thomas , Kiryluk Joanna , Kittler Thomas , Klein Spencer , Koirala Ramesh , Kolanoski Hermann , Koepke Lutz , Kopper Claudio , Kopper Sandro , Koschinsky Jan Paul , Koskinen Jason , Kowalski Marek , Krammer Benedikt , Krings Kai , Kroll Mike , Krueckl Gerald , Kunwar Samridha , Neilson Naoko Kurahashi , Kuwabara Takao , Kyriacou Alexander , Labare Mathieu , Lanfranchi Justin , Larson Michael , Lauber Frederik , Leonard Kayla , Lesiak-Bzdak Mariola , Leuermann Martin , Liu Qinrui , Lozano Mariscal Cristian Jesús , Lu Lu , Luenemann Jan , Luszczak William , Madsen James , Maggi Giuliano , Mahn Kendall , Mancina Sarah , Maruyama Reina , Mase Keiichi , Maunu Ryan , Meagher Kevin , Medici Morten , Meier Maximilian , Menne Thorben , Merino Gonzalo , Meures Thomas , Miarecki Sandy , Micallef Jessie , Momente Giulio , Montaruli Teresa , Moore Roger , Morse Robert , Moulai Marjon , Nahnhauer Rolf , Nakarmi Prabandha , Naumann Uwe , Neer Garrett , Niederhausen Hans , Nowicki Sarah , Nygren Dave , Pollmann Anna , Olivas Alex , Ó Murchadha Aongus , O’Sullivan Erin , Padovani Paolo , Palczewski Tomasz , Pandya Hershal , Pankova Daria , Peiffer Peter , Pepper James , Perez de los Heros Carlos , Pieloth Damian , Pinat Elisa , Plum Matthias , Price Buford , Przybylski Gerald , Raab Christoph , Raedel Leif , Rameez Mohamed , Rawlins Katherine , Rea Immacolata Carmen , Reimann Rene , Relethford Ben , Relich Matt , Resconi Elisa , Rhode Wolfgang , Richman Mike , Robertson Sally , Rongen Martin , Rott Carsten , Ruhe Tim , Ryckbosch Dirk , Rysewyk Devyn , Safa Ibrahim , Saelzer Tobias , Sahakyan Narek , Sanchez Herrera Sebastian , Sandrock Alexander , Sandroos Joakim , Santander Marcos , Sarkar Sourav , Sarkar Subir , Satalecka Konstancja , Schlunder Philipp , Schmidt Torsten , Schneider Austin , Schoenen Sebastian , Schoeneberg Sebastian , Schumacher Lisa , Sclanfani Stephen , Seckel Dave , Seunarine Suruj , Soedingrekso Jan , Soldin Dennis , Song Ming , Spiczak Glenn , Spiering Christian , Stachurska Juliana , Stamatikos Michael , Stanev Todor , Stasik Alexander , Stettner Joeran , Steuer Anna , Stezelberger Thorsten , Stokstad Robert , Stoessl Achim , Strotjohann Nora Linn , Stuttard Thomas , Sullivan Greg , Sutherland Michael , Taboada Ignacio , Tatar Joulien , Tenholt Frederik , Ter-Antonyan Samvel , Terliuk Andrii , Tilav Serap , Toale Pat , Tobin Moriah , Toennis Christoph , Toscano Simona , Tosi Delia , Tselengidou Maria , Tung ChunFai , Turcati Andrea , Turley Colin , Ty Bunheng , Unger Lisa , Usner Marcel , Van Driessche Ward , Van Eijk Daan , van Eijndhoven Nick , Vandenbroucke Justin , Vanheule Sander , van Santen Jakob , Vogel Eric , Vraeghe Matthias , Walck Christian , Wallace Alexander , Wallraff Marius , Wandler Frank , Wandkowsky Nancy , Waza Aatif , Weaver Chris , Weiss Matthew , Wendt Chris , Werthebach Johannes , Westerhoff Stefan , Whelan Ben , Whitehorn Nathan , Wiebe Klaus , Wiebusch Christopher , Wille Logan , Williams Dawn , Wills Lizz , Wolf Martin , Wood Joshua , Wood Tania , Woschnagg Kurt , Xu Donglian , Xu Xianwu , Xu Yiqian , Yanez Juan Pablo , Yodh Gaurang , Yoshida Shigeru , Yuan Tianlu 
Published: July 2018

Neutrino emission from a flaring blazar
Neutrinos interact only very weakly with matter, but giant detectors have succeeded in detecting small numbers of astrophysical neutrinos. Aside from a diffuse background, only two individual sources have been identified: the Sun and a nearby supernova in 1987. A multiteam collaboration detected a high-energy neutrino event whose arrival direction was consistent with a known blazar—a type of quasar with a relativistic jet oriented directly along our line of sight. The blazar, TXS 0506+056, was found to be undergoing a gamma-ray flare, prompting an extensive multiwavelength campaign. Motivated by this discovery, the IceCube collaboration examined lower-energy neutrinos detected over the previous several years, finding an excess emission at the location of the blazar. Thus, blazars are a source of astrophysical neutrinos.

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