bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of small-scale infiltration and erosion after wildfires
Authors: Larson-Nash Sierra S. , Robichaud Peter R. , Pierson Fredrick B. , Moffet Corey A. , Williams C. Jason , Spaeth Kenneth E. , Brown Robert E. , Lewis Sarah A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWildfires naturally occur worldwide, however the potential disruption to ecosystem services from subsequent post-fire flooding and erosion often necessitates a response from land managers. The impact of high severity wildfire on infiltration and interrill erosion responses was evaluated for five years after the 2003 Hot Creek Fire in Idaho, USA. Relative infiltration from mini-disk tension infiltrometers (MDI) was compared to rainfall simulation measurements on small burned and control plots. Vegetation recovery was slow due to the severity of the fire, with median cover of 6-8% on burned sites after 5 years. Consequently, interrill sediment yields remained significantly higher on the burned sites (329-1200 g m-2) compared to the unburned sites (3-35 g m-2) in year 5. Total infiltration on the burned plots increased during the study period, yet were persistently lower compared to the control plots. Relative infiltration measurements made at the soil surface, and 1- and 3-cm depths were significantly correlated to non-steady state total infiltration values taken in the first 10 minutes of the hour-long rainfall simulations. Significant correlations were found at the 1-cm (ρ = 0.4-0.6) and 3-cm (ρ = 0.3-0.6) depths (most p-values <0.001), and somewhat weaker correlations at the soil surface (ρ = 0.2-0.4) (p-values <0.05 and up). Soil water repellency is often stronger below the soil surface after severe wildfire, and likely contributes to the reduced infiltration. These results suggest that relative infiltration measurements at shallow depths may be useful to estimate potential infiltration during a short-duration high-intensity storm and could be used as an input for post-fire erosion models.
Improving the positional accuracy of drainage networks extracted from Global Digital Elevation Models using OpenstreetMap data
Authors: Monteiro Elisabete S.V. , Fonte Cidália C. , de Lima João L.M.P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Drainage networks allow the extraction of topographic parameters that are useful for basins characterization and necessary for hydrologic modelling. One way to obtain drainage networks is by their extraction from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). However, it is common that no freely available DEMs at regional or national level exist. One way to overcome this situation is to use the available free Global Digital Elevation Models (GDEMs). However, these datasets have relatively low spatial resolutions, 30 and 90 meters for ASTER and SRTM, respectively, and it has been shown that their accuracy is relatively low in several regions (e.g., Kääb, 2005; Mukul et al., 2017). In this study a methodology is presented to improve the positional accuracy of the drainage networks extracted from the GDEMs using crowdsourced data available in the collaborative project OpenStreetMap (OSM). In this approach only free and global datasets are used, enabling its application to any location of the world. The methodology uses elevation points derived from the GDEMs and the water lines extracted from the collaborative project OSM to generate new DEMs, from which new water lines are obtained. The methodology is applied to two study areas and the positional accuracy of the used data and the obtained results are assessed using reference data.
Detection of Anomalous Noise Events for Real-Time Road-Traffic Noise Mapping: The Dynamap’s project case study
Authors: Alías Francesc , Alsina-Pagès Rosa Ma , Orga Ferran , Socoró Joan Claudi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Environmental noise is increasing year after year, especially in urban and suburban areas. Besides annoyance, environmental noise also causes harmful health effects on people. The Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC (END) is the main instrument of the European Union to identify and combat noise pollution, followed by the CNOSSOS-EU methodological framework. In compliance with the END legislation, the European Member States are required to publish noise maps and action plans every five years. The emergence of Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks (WASNs) have changed the paradigm to address the END regulatory requirements, allowing the dynamic ubiquitous measurement of environmental noise pollution. Following the END, the LIFE DYNAMAP project aims to develop a WASN-based low-cost noise mapping system to monitor the acoustic impact of road infrastructures in real time. Those acoustic events unrelated to regular traffic noise should be removed from the equivalent noise level calculations to avoid biasing the noise map generation. This work describes the different approaches developed within the DYNAMAP project to implement an Anomalous Noise Event Detector on the low-cost sensors of the network, considering both synthetic and real-life acoustic data.Moreover, the paper reflects on several open challenges, discussing how to tackle them for the future deployment of WASN-based noise monitoring systems in real-life operating conditions.
Gas flow regimes judgement in nanoporous media by digital core analysis
Authors: Song Wenhui , Liu Hua , Wang Weihong , Zhao Jianlin , Sun Hai , Wang Dongying , Li Yang , Yao Jun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A method to judge shale gas flow regimes based on digital core analysis is proposed in this work. Firstly, three-dimensional shale digital cores in an anonymous shale formation in the Sichuan Basin are reconstructed by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm based on two-dimensional Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. Then a voxel-based method is proposed to calculate the characteristic length of the three-dimensional shale digital core. The Knudsen number for three-dimensional shale digital cores is calculated by the ratio of the molecular mean free path to the characteristic length and is used to judge the flow regimes under different reservoir conditions. The results indicate that shale gas flow regimes are mainly located at the slip flow and transition flow region. Furthermore, adsorption has no obvious influence on the free gas flow regimes. Because adsorption only exists in organic pores, three-dimensional inorganic pores and organic pores in the Haynesville shale formation are reconstructed by a MCMC algorithm based on two-dimensional SEM images. The characteristic lengths of the three-dimensional inorganic pores and three-dimensional organic pores are both calculated and gas flow regimes in organic pores and inorganic pores are judged.
Sozialität von und mit Robotern? Drei soziologische Antworten und eine kommunikationstheoretische Alternative
Authors: Muhle Florian 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungAngesichts aktueller Debatten um die Sozialität von und mit Robotern identifiziert der Beitrag drei Strategien einer Erneuerung und Erweiterung der Sozialtheorie, die darauf zielen, die Gleichsetzung von Sozialem und Menschlichem zu überwinden: erstens die Betrachtung des Sozialen als hybridem Kollektiv menschlicher und nicht-menschlicher Entitäten, zweitens die Betrachtung der Grenzen von Sozialität und Personalität als historisch und kulturell variierendem Deutungsmuster und drittens die Betrachtung von Sozialität in Form eines gradualisierten Kontinuums der Handlungsbeteiligungen menschlicher und nicht-menschlicher Entitäten. Diesen Strategien wird eine kommunikationstheoretische Alternative entgegengestellt, die auf eine Einschränkung des Bereichs des Sozialen zielt. Gerade darum, so die Argumentation, kann die Beteiligung von Robotern an sozialen Prozessen kommunikationstheoretisch in theoretisch konsistenter und methodisch kontrollierter Weise in den Blick genommen werden.
Properties of Damped Cylindrical Solitons in Nonextensive Plasmas
Authors: Abdelwahed Hesham G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Wave properties of damped solitons in a collisional unmagnetised four-component dusty fluid plasma system containing nonextensive distributed electrons, mobile ions and negative-positive dusty grains have been examined. The reductive perturbation (RP) analysis is used under convenient geometrical coordinate transformation; we have derived three-dimensional damped Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (3D-CDKP) equation to study dissipative dust ion acoustic (DIA) mode properties. It is found that the properties of damped cylindrical solitons in nonextensive plasmas in cylindrical coordinates are obtained. The effects of collisional parameters on damped soliton pulse structures are studied. More specifically, the cylindrical geometry with the time on solitary propagation is examined. This investigation may be viable in plasmas of Earth’s mesosphere.
Active Cushing syndrome patients have increased ectopic fat deposition and bone marrow fat content compared to cured patients and healthy subjects: a pilot 1H-MRS study
Authors: Maurice F , Dutour A , Vincentelli C , Abdesselam I , Bernard M , Dufour H , Lefur Y , Graillon T , Kober F , Cristofari P , Jouve E , Pini L , Fernandez R , Chagnaud C , Brue T , Castinetti F , Gaborit B 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveGlucocorticoid excess is one of the most important causes of bone disorders. Bone marrow fat (BMF) has been identified as a new mediator of bone metabolism. Cushing syndrome (CS) is a main regulator of adipose tissue distribution but its impact on BMF is unknown. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of chronic hypercortisolism on BMF.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study. Seventeen active and 17 cured ACTH-dependent CS patients along with 17 controls (matched with the active group for age and sex) were included.MethodsThe BMF content of the femoral neck and L3 vertebrae were measured by1H-MRS on a 3-Tesla wide-bore magnet. Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated in patients using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsActive CS patients had higher BMF content both in the femur (82.5 ± 2.6%) and vertebrae (70.1 ± 5.1%) compared to the controls (70.8 ± 3.6%,P = 0.013 and 49.0 ± 3.7%P = 0.005, respectively). In cured CS patients (average remission time of 43 months), BMF content was not different from controls at both sites (72.3 ± 2.9% (femur) and 46.7% ± 5.3% (L3)). BMF content was positively correlated with age, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides and visceral adipose tissue in the whole cohort and negatively correlated with BMD values in the CS patients.ConclusionsAccumulation of BMF is induced by hypercortisolism. In remission patients, BMF reached values of controls. Further studies are needed to determine whether this increase in marrow adiposity in CS is associated with bone loss.
Effect of sodium chloride on oxidative stress biomarkers of the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea
Authors: Pesnya D. S. , Romanovsky A. V. , Klimova Y. S. , Fedorov R. A. , Ivanova E. S. 
Published: August 2018

For the first time a study was conducted of the effects of the change in the concentration of sodium chloride in water on the biomarkers of oxidative stress (enzymes: catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), and a marker of peroxidation lipids (LPO) – malonic dialdehyde (MDA)) in the gills of the freshwater mollusc Anodonta cygnea. Adult specimens of A. cygnea of both sexes with a shell length of 70–100 mm were selected for the study, a total of 36 individuals. The molluscs were collected in one of the bays on the southwestern coast of the Volga reaches of the Rybinsk Reservoir (reservoir of the cascade of the upper Volga). The molluscs were kept in the laboratory in aquariums with river water and sand collected from the place of the molluscs' collection. During the experiment, a solution of NaCl 3 g/l in river water was introduced into the container with molluscs. Samples of molluscs’ tissues were taken before application of the saline solution, 40 and 120 min after changing the salt concentration to 3 g/l, and 20 and 60 min after changing the NaCl solution to river water. The change in the concentration of NaCl in water (0–3 g/l) did not affect the content of water-soluble protein in the gills of molluscs during short-term exposure. The change in NaCl concentration in water caused the intensification of LPO processes in the gills of A. cygnea. The change in the activity of the enzymes of the antioxidant system and the increase in the concentration of GSH in A. cygnea gills, indicates their involvement in protecting freshwater molluscs from NaCl-induced oxidative stress. The change in the functioning of the glutathione system may be a compensatory mechanism for changing the NaCl concentration in water. Such biomarkers of oxidative stress as malonic dialdehyde and enzymes of the antioxidant system are sensitive indicators of changes in NaCl concentration in water in freshwater bivalve molluscs, for example A. cygnea.
Comparative morphology and biology of nematodes of genus Heterakis (Nematoda, Heterakidae), parasites of the domestic goose (Anser anser) in Ukraine
Authors: Yevstafyeva V. A. , Melnychuk V. V. , Nikiforova О. V. , Suprunenko К. V. , Korchan L. N. , Lokes-Krupka Т. Р. , Nehrebetskyi I. S. , Korchan N. І. 
Published: August 2018

The genus Heterakis Dujardin, 1845 is one of the most widely distributed genera of nematode parasites of domestic and wild birds. Geographically and ecologically predominant species include Heterakis gallinarum Schrank, 1788 and Heterakis dispar Schrank, 1790. Prevalence and occurrence of these nematodes in the domestic goose (Anser anser dom.) depend on their biological and morphological specifics which ensure the highest viability, fast growth and maximum fertility in the host. This study presents the abundance and species composition of nematodes of the genus Heterakis in the domestic goose in Ukraine. Comparative study of morphological and metrical characteristics of H. gallinarum and H. dispar adult females and males is presented. Additional morphometric characteristics are proposed for easier identification of the two species. Stages and periods of embryonic development of H. gallinarum and H. dispar nematodes obtained from domestic geese are established according to morphological and metrical characters. Of the two species, H. dispar is prevalent in domestic geese from Poltava, Kharkiv and Kyiv regions. Abundance index of this species is 9.8 specimens, and intensity of infection index is up to 62 specimens. H. gallinarum is rarer, its abundance index is 1.2 specimens and maximum intensity of infection is 30 specimens. Species-specific morphological differences are more distinct in male nematodes in the size and structure of the spicules, lateral wing-like protrusions of pseudobursas, numbers and position of tail papillae. Additional metrical characteristics differ between H. gallinarum and H. dispar nematodes, allowing us to identify not only adult specimens but also eggs. Embryonic development of both species occurs in four morphologically distinct stages: protoplast, blastomere cleavage, formation of first and second stage larvae. Eggs of H. gallinarum nematodes become infectious in eight days at 27 °С, eggs of H. dispar in four days, their viability in laboratory culture is 84.3 ± 0.58 and 91.3 ± 1.53% respectively.
Biochemical and hematological composition of blood of cattle fed with Chlorella
Authors: Bogdanova A. A. , Flerova E. A. 
Published: August 2018

We researched the influence of the additive Chlorella cultivated in a closed bioreactor under the influence of an electrostatistic field, on the biochemical and hematological parameters of blood in different age groups of cattle. The experiment was conducted on two groups of three month old heifers and two groups of lactating cows in the 7th month of lactation, with 15 individuals in each group; all animals in the groups were given the basic diet. During the 120-day experiment, the experimental group of heifers was fed on a suspension of Chlorella cultivated with the technology using an electrostatic field, in the following amounts: 1–30th day – 1.51 g, 31–60th day – 1.82 g, 61–90th day – 2.01 g, 91–120th day – 2.28 g of dry substance per individual daily; the group of lactating cows during 60 days was given the Chlorella additive to the amount of 6 g of dry substance per individual per day. Over the following 30 days the heifers and lactating cows were kept under observation to determine the “aftereffects” of the Chlorella suspension fodder additive. On the first day of the experiment and after every 30 days, blood was drawn from the animals’ jugular veins for determination of the biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood During the experiment, the experimental groups of heifers and lactating cows were observed to have a strengthened antioxidant system due to increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and also to have a strengthened hematopoietic function and intensified metabolic and redox processes. Due to the stimulating effect of the suspension of Chlorella cultivated using the intense technology involving using an electrostatic field on the erythro- and leukopoiesis of different age groups of the cattle, we determined a strengthening of the cellular element of the animals’ immune system. During the following 30 days, the heifers and lactating cows of the experimental groups were observed to exhibit “aftereffects” of the Chlorella suspension additive, namely increases in the values of biochemical, hematological and morphological indicators of the blood in comparison with these indicators for the animals in the control groups. As a result, we concluded that feeding different age groups of cattle with suspension of Chlorella cultivated in the conditions of a closed bioreactor under the influence of an electrostatic field, in the dosage of 155 ml per kg of dry substance of the animals’ diet, contributes to the strengthening of non-specific defence of their organism, forming a potential for increasing the productive indicators and maintenance of the livestock.
THE ANALYSIS OF OPERATION MODES OF ENERGY STORES IN AUTONOMOUS HYBRID POWER PLANTS WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
Authors: Obukhov S. G. , Plotnikov I. A. , Masolov V. G. 
Published: August 2018

The paper presents the results of the comparative analysis of operation modes of an autonomous hybrid power complex with/without the energy store. We offere the technique which defines the power characteristics of the main components of a hybrid power complex: the consumers of the electric power, wind power and photo-electric installations (the last ones have been constructed). The paper establishes that, in order to compensate the seasonal fluctuations of power in autonomous power systems with renewable energy resources, the accumulative devices are required, with a capacity of tens of MWh including devices that are capable to provide energy storage with duration about half a year. This allows abandoning the storage devices for smoothing the seasonal fluctuations in the energy balance.The analysis of operation modes of energy stores has shown that for a stock and delivery of energy on time intervals, lasting several hours, the accumulative devices with rather high values of charging and digit power aren't required. It allows using the lead-acid rechargeable batteries of the deep category for smoothing the daily peaks of surplus and a capacity shortage. Moreover, the analysis of operation modes of energy stores as a part of the hybrid complexes has demonstrated that in charging/digit currents of the energy store the low-frequency and high-frequency pulsations of big amplitude caused by changes of size of output power of the renewable power installations and loading are inevitable. If low-frequency pulsations (the period of tens of minutes) can partially be damped due to the restriction of size of the maximum charging current of rechargeable batteries, then it is essentially impossible to eliminate high-frequency pulsations (the period of tens of seconds) in the power systems with the only store of energy. The paper finds out that the combined energy store having characteristics of the accumulator in the modes of receiving and delivery of power on daily time intervals, and at the same time having properties of the supercondenser in the modes of reception and return of impulses of power on second intervals of time is best suited to requirements of the autonomous power complexes with renewable energy resources.
Current practice of organizing and financing the departmental healthcare system for the military in developed countries: a review
Authors: Bezdenezhnykh T. P. , Lukyantseva D. V. 
Published: August 2018

Departmental medicine as a Russian-specific healthcare system is currently subject to broad discussions on whether its further support and financing is worthwhile. The Defense Ministry of the Russian Federation has one of the most developed healthcare systems in Russia and thus provides medical care to the military personnel and the veterans. This report aims to review the current practice of organizing and financing the medical assistance for the military in seven developed countries (USA, Uk, Canada, Germany, France, Finland and Singapore) in order to use their experience for the optimization of the Russian military departmental healthcare. This review covers the general principles of healthcare in these countries as well as the specific mechanisms of health care provision for the military. The Departments of Defense in the reviewed counties have special agencies that provide medical services to the military personnel. The primary role of such agencies is to promote, protect and restore the health of servicemen and servicewomen and to ensure they are ready and fit to perform their missions. As shown in the present review, the specific details of the medical assistance to the military differ between the countries and largely depend on the overall structure of the national healthcare system.
TANAP’IN ORTA ASYA VE AVRUPA ENERJİ PAZARLARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: Furuncu Yunus 
Published: August 2018

Çalışmada tükettiği enerjinin büyük bir bölümünü
ithal eden Türkiye ile ihracat gelirinin yüzde seksen gibi yüksek oranda
enerjiden elde eden Azerbaycan'ın ortakları arasında oldukları TANAP Projesinin
iki ülke, Avrupa ve Orta Asya Devletleri nasıl etkileyeceği incelenmektedir. Karşılıklı
bağımlılık yaklaşımıyla yapılan değerlendirme sonucu Türkiye ve Azerbaycan'ın
bu proje ile bölgesel öneminin atmakta olduğu görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda çalışmada
TANAP’ın Hazar ve Orta Asya enerji kaynaklarının dünyaya çıkış kapısı olduğunu
ve Avrupa'nın artacak enerji ihtiyacını karşılamada Orta Asya ülkelerindeki
enerji kaynaklarından yararlanma olasılığının attığı ve Türkiye ve Avrupa pazarındaki
Rus doğal gazını dengeleyebileceği ortaya konulmuştur