bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in physical fitness among Lithuanian adolescents aged 11–17 years between 1992 and 2022
Authors: Emeljanovas Arunas , Mieziene Brigita , Venckunas Tomas , Lang Justin J , Tomkinson Grant R 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundPhysical fitness is an excellent marker of general health and performance. We aimed to calculate trends in physical fitness among Lithuanian adolescents between 1992 and 2022.MethodsUsing a repeated cross-sectional design, body size and physical fitness data for 17 918 Lithuanian adolescents (50.3% female) aged 11–17 years were collected in 1992, 2002, 2012 and 2022. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and body mass, with BMI z-scores (zBMI) calculated using WHO growth curves. Physical fitness was measured using the Eurofit test battery, with results converted to z-scores using European norms. With adjustment for zBMI, trends in mean fitness levels were calculated using general linear models. Trends in distributional characteristics were visually described and calculated as the ratio of SDs.ResultsWe found significant large declines (standardised effect size (ES) ≥ 0.80) in 20-m shuttle run and bent arm hang performance, and significant small declines (ES=0.20–0.49) in standing broad jump, plate tapping, sit-and-reach and sit-ups performance. In contrast, we found a significant moderate improvement (ES=0.50–0.79) in flamingo balance performance and a significant negligible improvement (ES<0.20) in 10×5-m shuttle run performance. Poorer trends were observed in low performers (below the 20th percentile) compared with high performers (above the 80th percentile).ConclusionHealth-related fitness (ie, cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness) levels have declined among Lithuanian adolescents since 1992, particularly among those with low fitness. National health promotion policies are required to improve current trends.
A class of Taub-NUT-scalar metrics via Ehlers transformations
Authors: Derekeh Ali , Mirza Behrouz , Heidari Pouya , Sadeghi Fatemeh , Bahani Reza 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe derive a class of Taub-NUT metrics in the presence of a scalar field (TNS) by using Ernst equations and potential, as well as using Ehlers transformations on the exact solutions that was recently introduced in Azizallahi et al. (Nucl Phys B 998:116414, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2023.116414, arXiv:2307.09328 [gr-qc], 2023) and Mirza et al. (Eur Phys J C 83:1161, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12255-7, arXiv:2307.13588 [gr-qc], 2023). Furthermore, we investigate the effective potential, geodesics, topological charge, quasinormal modes (QNMs) and the deflection angle of light in a gravitational lensing for the obtained class of TNS metrics. We also use conformal transformations to generate a new class of exact solutions of the Einstein-conformal-scalar theory by using the obtained TNS solutions as seed metrics. Finally we compare QNMs of the class of exact solutions.
Nonresonant renormalization scheme for twist-2 operators in SU(N) Yang–Mills theory
Authors: Scardino Francesco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecently, the short-distance asymptotics of the generating functional of n-point correlators of twist-2 operators in SU(N) Yang–Mills (YM) theory has been worked out in Bochicchio et al. (Phys Rev D 108:054023, 2023). The above computation relies on a basis change of renormalized twist-2 operators, where $$-\gamma (g)/ \beta (g)$$

-
γ
(
g
)
/
β
(
g
)

reduces to $$\gamma _0/ (\beta _0\,g)$$

γ
0

/

(

β
0

g
)

to all orders of perturbation theory, with $$\gamma _0$$

γ
0

diagonal, $$\gamma (g) = \gamma _0 g^2+\cdots $$

γ

(
g
)

=

γ
0

g
2

+
⋯

the anomalous-dimension matrix and $$\beta (g) = -\beta _0 g^3+\cdots $$

β

(
g
)

=
-

β
0

g
3

+
⋯

the beta function. The construction is based on a novel geometric interpretation of operator mixing (Bochicchio in Eur Phys J C 81:749, 2021), under the assumption that the eigenvalues of the matrix $$\gamma _0/ \beta _0$$

γ
0

/

β
0

satisfy the nonresonant condition $$\lambda _i-\lambda _j\ne 2k$$

λ
i

-

λ
j

≠
2
k

, with $$\lambda _i$$

λ
i

in nonincreasing order and $$k\in {\mathbb {N}}^+$$

k
∈

N

+

. The nonresonant condition has been numerically verified up to $$i,j=10^4$$

i
,
j
=

10
4

in Bochicchio et al. (Phys Rev D 108:054023, 2023). In the present paper we provide a number theoretic proof of the nonresonant condition for twist-2 operators essentially based on the classic result that Harmonic numbers are not integers. Our proof in YM theory can be extended with minor modifications to twist-2 operators in $$\mathcal {N}=1$$

N
=
1

SUSY YM theory, large-N QCD with massless quarks and massless QCD-like theories.
Toxicity Assessment of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Emphasizing Biological Factors in Nano-Bio Interactions
Authors: Emmanuel Odongo Ernest , Kwak Eunbi , Chen Qian , Peng Guotao 
Published: November 2024

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are emerging as promising drug delivery systems due to their tunable physicochemical properties. However, concerns regarding their toxicity across different biological environments remain elusive. This review delves into the complex interactions between MSNs and various model systems, examining the resulting toxicological effects. In particular, within the tumor microenvironment, the hyperacidic microenvironment and altered glucose metabolism in cancer cells influence the biological outcomes of MSNs compared to normal cells. The immunomodulatory effects by MSNs, such as macrophages polarization and dendritic cells activation, are discussed. Moreover,in vivo studies using both wild-type and transgenic models highlight species- and organ-specific toxicities, particularly impacting the liver and kidneys. However, the potential epigenetic effects of these altered genes, as well as the characterization of the biotransformation processes of MSNs within various biological microenvironments, remain underexplored. These findings underscore the need for a thorough understanding of nano-bio interactions and the role of biological factors — such as exposure routes and species differences — in assessing MSNs safety. Furthermore, the need to refine model systems to better mimic human physiological conditions and assess the long-term effects of MSNs is underlined. Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of the structure–activity relationships of MSNs within diverse biological systems is crucial for mitigating risks and minimizing off-target effects in biomedical applications.
Arabia Felix: Fookes in the desert
Authors: Lee E. Mark , Sweeney Mike , Clarke Jim 
Published: November 2024

Peter Fookes’ background in chemistry, allied with his understanding of geo-materials and desert terrain, allowed him to make an important contribution in the development of hot salty desert concrete technology from the 1970s onwards. Through his consultancy work across the Middle East, Peter recognized that widespread premature concrete deterioration was found, at least in part, to be associated with the presence of chloride salts, either introduced by contaminated aggregates or mix water, or due to salt weathering. In 1992 Peter was made an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Concrete Technology.
In the 1970s he was instrumental in setting up the Bahrain Surface Materials Resources Survey, opening the door for a generation of desert geomorphologists to contribute to the development boom that followed in the Middle East. On the award of an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal Geographical Society in 2003 he was described by Professor Sir Ron Cooke as ‘a true father of engineering geomorphology’. In later years he helped the oil and gas industry address the geohazard challenges posed by routing major pipelines through deserts across the Sahara and in Arabia.
Federated Learning Client Pruning for Noisy Labels
Authors: Morafah Mahdi , Chang Hojin , Chen Chen , Lin Bill 
Published: November 2024

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized edge devices while preserving data privacy. However, existing FL methods often assume clean annotated datasets, impractical for resource-constrained edge devices. In reality, noisy labels are prevalent, posing significant challenges to FL performance. Prior approaches attempt label correction and robust training techniques but exhibit limited efficacy, particularly under high noise levels. This paper introduces ClipFL (
F
ederated
L
earning
Cli
ent
P
runing), a novel framework addressing noisy labels from a fresh perspective. ClipFL identifies and excludes noisy clients based on their performance on a clean validation dataset, tracked using a Noise Candidacy Score (NCS). The framework comprises three phases: pre-client pruning to identify potential noisy clients and calculate their NCS, client pruning to exclude a percentage of clients with the highest NCS, and post-client pruning for fine-tuning the global model with standard FL on clean clients. Empirical evaluation demonstrates ClipFL’s efficacy across diverse datasets and noise levels, achieving accurate noisy client identification, superior performance, faster convergence, and reduced communication costs compared to state-of-the-art FL methods. Our code is available at https://github.com/MMorafah/ClipFL.
CuTCNQ for Enzyme-Free Glucose Oxidation Modeled with Deep Learning LSTM Networks
Authors: Sharma Bharat Prasad , Tumrani Sadam Hussain , Khan Naeem Ullah , Soomro Razium Ali , Karakuş Selcan , Küçükdeniz Tarık , Sirrajuddin  , Nafady Ayman 
Published: November 2024

Conductive, metal-organic complex, specifically a copper 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ) structure, have emerged as a suitable catalyst for electrochemical oxidation reactions. Herein, CuTCNQ is explored as an electrocatalyst for directly oxidizing glucose molecules in alkaline media. The copper-centered organic complex offers a synergy of redox-chemistry (Cu (II/I)) and conductivity (TCNQ-), enabling amperometric non-enzymatic electroanalysis of glucose from 3.0 to 39.0 mM with a LOD of 0.15 μM(S/N = 3). The interaction of CuTCNQ with glucose is evaluated via DFT where a calculated binding energy of −0.21 Ha, alongside a reduced HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 0.873 eV confirms favorability of Cu-TCNQ-glucose complex, and enhanced electron transfer potential. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) based assessment confirms catalyst suitability for higher concentration range where adaptation of machine learning (ML) algorithm confirms Long short-term memory (LSTM) network superiority in modeling concentration dependencies and sequential glucose oxidation patterns. The LSTM’s relatively lower MSE (0.1430), MAE (0.0207), and RMSE (0.1439) compared to traditional ML models (Linear Regression, Random Forest, and LightGBM) confirm their effectiveness for validating electrocatalyst performance.
Chinese Version of the Career Adapt‐Abilities Scale for Clinical Nurses: A Translation and Psychometric Validation Study
Authors: Liang Hui Yu , Da Dai Hung , Chuang Jin Yun , Tseng Tzu Yi , Yu Shu 
Published: November 2024

Background: The global environment is continually changing; therefore, adaptability has become a crucial skill in most careers, including nursing. Career adaptability, which is essential to nurses’ career development, influences nurse retention. However, to the best of our knowledge, no suitable tool has been developed for assessing the career adaptability of clinical nurses in Taiwan.Aim: To translate the Career Adapt‐Abilities Scale (CAAS) into traditional Chinese and validate the psychometric properties of this Chinese version of the CAAS (named CAAS‐C).Methods: A two‐phase cross‐sectional study was conducted. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 584 registered nurses from two teaching hospitals in Taiwan. The CAAS was translated in accordance with a modified version of Brislin’s guidelines, that is, through forward translation, back‐translation, and expert committee review. Test–retest reliability, internal consistency, content validity, and construct validity were evaluated to assess the psychometric properties of the CAAS‐C.Results: The results revealed a content validity index value of 0.96. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed acceptable model fit. The test–retest reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.82), and the internal consistency of the CAAS‐C was satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90–0.96).Conclusions: The CAAS‐C is a brief, valid, and reliable instrument for measuring the career adaptability of clinical nurses.Implications for Nursing Management: The CAAS‐C can be used to evaluate Taiwanese nurses’ career adaptability and develop effective strategies for improving nurses’ responsiveness to their rapidly changing work environments, which can improve adaptation and retention.
Pulsed Field Ablation as First-Line Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: A Substudy of the EU-PORIA Registry
Authors: Füting Anna , Neven Kars , Bordignon Stefano , Reichlin Tobias , Blaauw Yuri , Hansen Jim , Adelino Raquel , Ouss Alexandre , Roten Laurent , Mulder Bart A. , Ruwald Martin H. , Mené Roberto , van der Voort Pepijn , Reinsch Nico , Kueffer Thomas , Boveda Serge , Albrecht Elizabeth M. , Raybuck Jonathan D. , Sutton Brad , Chun Kyoung Ryul Julian , Schmidt Boris 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Recent studies have demonstrated the benefit of early ablation in preventing the progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). Clinical practice has reflected this shift in AF management and no longer requires patients to fail antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) before receiving ablation. However, there is limited evidence on outcomes with pulsed field ablation (PFA) as a first-line therapy. Examination of real-world data may shed light on clinical practices and the effectiveness of PFA with and without a prior history of AAD usage.

METHODS:
European Real World Outcomes with Pulsed Field Ablation is an all-comer AF registry enrolling consecutive patients treated with the pentaspline PFA catheter at 7 high-volume centers in Europe. This subanalysis evaluates patients with a history of class I/III AAD use versus those with no documented history of class I/III AAD use (first-line patients). Patients with incomplete AAD history, long-standing persistent AF, and those undergoing a repeat ablation procedure were excluded. Patients were treated and followed based on institutional standard of care. Any episode of atrial tachycardia or AF lasting longer than 30 s was considered an arrhythmia recurrence.

RESULTS:

Of 1233 patients enrolled in European real world outcomes with pulsed field ablation, 1091 met the inclusion criteria (mean age, 66 years; 40% females; and persistent AF, 36%). Pulmonary vein isolation-only was used in 90% of the patients, and 10% received extra-PV ablation. Ablation as the first-line approach was chosen in 589 patients, and 502 patients had prior class I/III AAD use. In the first-line PFA group, paroxysmal AF was more frequent (68% versus 59%;
P
<0.001), and pulmonary vein isolation-only was more frequent (93% versus 86%;
P
<0.001). At 1-year follow-up, freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia recurrence was similar in the ablation-first versus the ablation after failed AAD group (78% versus 74%, respectively;
P
=0.076).

CONCLUSION:
In this large real-world PFA registry, freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia recurrence after 1 year was similar in patients undergoing PFA as a first-line treatment and those with prior failed AAD therapy.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT05823818.
Declining Trend of Sudden Cardiac Death in Younger Individuals: A 20-Year Nationwide Study
Authors: Hansen Carl Johann , Svane Jesper , Warming Peder Emil , Lynge Thomas Hadberg , Garcia Rodrigue , Hansen Carolina Malta , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Banner Jytte , Winkel Bo Gregers , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Declining cardiovascular mortality rates have been well-documented, yet temporal trends of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young individuals remain unclear. We provide contemporary nationwide estimates of the temporal trends of SCD in young individuals (1–35 years of age) from 2000 through 2019 and correlate these trends to changes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patterns, rates of inherited cardiac diseases, and implantations of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD).

METHODS:
All individuals between 1 and 35 years of age living in Denmark from 2000 through 2019 were included, with annual re-evaluation of the at-risk population in regard to age. Adjudication of SCD cases relied on multiple sources, including death certificates, medical files, and autopsy reports. Information on OHCA, diagnostic rates, and ICD implantations were captured from nationwide administrative registries. Annual incidence rates of SCD were calculated, and temporal trends in SCD incidence were computed as percentage change annualized. Trends in OHCA survival and characteristics, diagnostic rates of inherited cardiac diseases, and ICD implantations were assessed.

RESULTS:

During the 20-year study period (47.5 million person-years), 1057 SCDs were identified (median age, 29 years; 69% male). The overall incidence of SCD was 2.2 per 100 000 person-years and declined by 3.31% (95% CI, 2.42–4.20) annually, corresponding to a 49% (95% CI, 38.7–57.6) reduction during the study. Rates of witnessed SCD declined markedly (percentage change annualized −7.03% [95% CI, −8.57 to −5.48]), but we observed no changes in the rate of unwitnessed SCD (percentage change annualized −0.09% [95% CI, −1.48 to 1.31]). Therefore, the proportion of unwitnessed SCD increased by 79% (
P
<0.001). Survival after OHCA in young individuals (1 to 35 years of age) increased from 3.9% to 28%, mainly because of increased bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation rates. Diagnostic rates of inherited cardiac diseases increased 10-fold (incidence rate ratio, 10.4 [95% CI, 8.46–12.90]) and the ICD implantation rate increased 2-fold (incidence rate ratio, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.51–2.60]).

CONCLUSIONS:
SCD incidence rates in young individuals declined by 49% over the past 2 decades. The decline was paralleled by improved survival of OHCA, higher diagnostic rates of inherited cardiac diseases, and higher ICD implantation rates. However, rates of unwitnessed SCD were unchanged, which calls for new perspectives in preventive strategies.
Neutrophil CRACR2A Promotes Neutrophil Recruitment in Sterile Inflammation and Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Jingu , Balzraine Brett , Schweizer Alexis , Kuzmanova Vasilisa , Gwack Yousang , Razani Babak , Lee Jin-Moo , Mosher Deane F. , Cho Jaehyung 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Ca
2+
release-activated Ca
2+
channel regulator 2A (CRACR2A) has been linked to immunodeficiency attributable to T-cell dysfunction in humans. We discovered that neutrophil CRACR2A promotes neutrophil adhesive and migratory functions by facilitating Ca
2+
mobilization and β2 integrin activation.

METHODS:

Myeloid-specific cracr2a conditional knockout mice and intravital microscopy were used to investigate the physiologic role of neutrophil cracr2a in neutrophil recruitment in vascular inflammation. Cracr2a-deficient neutrophils or dHL-60 (differentiated human neutrophil-like) cells and CRACR2A-derived peptides were used in flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, cytosolic Ca
2+
mobilization, and flow chamber assays to elucidate the molecular mechanism. Four-dimensional confocal intravital microscopy of mice after focal brain ischemia and single neutrophil behavioral analysis demonstrated the pathologic role of neutrophil cracr2a in brain damage.

RESULTS:

Compared with wild-type control mice, cracr2a conditional knockout mice exhibited significantly reduced adhesion, crawling, and transmigration of neutrophils on ear and cremaster venules in tumor necrosis factor–α–induced sterile inflammation. Neutrophil cracr2a rapidly interacts with STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) after agonist stimulation and facilitates Ca
2+
mobilization, increasing the ligand-binding function of β2 integrin. Our findings in cracr2a-deficient mouse neutrophils are recapitulated in dHL-60 cells, in which CRACR2A is deleted by CRISPR/Cas9. Furthermore, overexpression of CRACR2A in CRACR2A KO dHL-60 cells restores normal function. Using a series of peptides covering the coiled-coil region of CRACR2A, we identified a palmitoylated 20-mer that blocks STIM1–CRACR2A interaction. Treating neutrophils with this 20-mer inhibits Ca
2+
mobilization and β2 integrin activation after agonist stimulation, reducing neutrophil recruitment to an activated endothelial cell monolayer under venous shear stress and to ear venules in tumor necrosis factor–α–challenged mice. Cerebral 4-dimensional intravital microscopy of mice after focal brain ischemia revealed that neutrophil cracr2a enhances the emergence of highly migratory neutrophils by increasing the surface level of αMβ2 integrin, thereby facilitating neutrophil infiltration into brain tissue and exacerbating brain injury.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results demonstrate that neutrophil CRACR2A promotes neutrophil recruitment to sites of sterile inflammation, such as ischemic stroke. Blocking the STIM1–CRACR2A interaction may be a novel therapeutic strategy to mitigate inflammation and consequent tissue injury.
UBR1 Promotes Sex-Dependent ACE2 Ubiquitination in Hypertension
Authors: Elgazzaz Mona , Lakkappa Navya , Berdasco Clara , Mohan Uma Priya , Nuzzo Anna , Restivo Luke , Martinez Alexa , Scarborough Amy , Guidry Jessie J. , Sriramula Srinivas , Xu Jiaxi , Daoud Hisham , Mendiola Plá Michelle A. , Bowles Dawn E. , Beyer Andreas M. , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck , Yue Xinping , Filipeanu Catalin M. , Lazartigues Eric 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Ang-II (angiotensin II) impairs the function of the antihypertensive enzyme ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) by promoting its internalization, ubiquitination, and degradation, thus contributing to hypertension. However, few ACE2 ubiquitination partners have been identified, and their role in hypertension remains unknown.

METHODS:
Proteomics and bioinformatic analyses were used to identify ACE2 ubiquitination partners in the brain, heart, and kidney of hypertensive C57BL6/J mice of both sexes. The interaction between UBR1 (ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component N-recognin) and ACE2 was validated in cells. Central and peripheral UBR1 knockdown was then performed in male mice to investigate its role in the maintenance of hypertension.

RESULTS:
Proteomics analysis of the hypothalamus identified UBR1 as a potential E3 (ubiquitin protein ligase) ligase promoting ACE2 ubiquitination. Enhanced UBR1 expression, associated with ACE2 reduction, was confirmed in various tissues from hypertensive male mice and human samples. Treatment of endothelial and smooth muscle cells with testosterone, but not 17β-estradiol, confirmed a sex-specific regulation of UBR1. In vivo silencing of UBR1 using chronic administration of small interference RNA resulted in the restoration of ACE2 levels in hypertensive male mice. A transient decrease in blood pressure after intracerebroventricular, but not systemic, infusion was also observed. Interestingly, UBR1 knockdown increased brain activation of Nedd4-2 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4), an E3 ligase promoting ACE2 ubiquitination, and reduced expression of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1, the kinase that inactivates Nedd4-2.

CONCLUSIONS:
These data demonstrate that UBR1 is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting ACE2 in hypertension. UBR1 and Nedd4-2 appear to work synergistically to ubiquitinate ACE2. Targeting these ubiquitin ligases may represent a novel strategy to restore ACE2 compensatory activity in hypertension.