bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemostatic powder TC-325 as first-line treatment option for malignant gastrointestinal bleeding: a cost–utility analysis in the United Kingdom
Authors: Cooper Dawn M. , Norton Benjamin , Hawkes Neil D , Hebbar Srisha , Telese Andrea , Morris John , Haidry Rehan , Barkun Alan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Randomized controlled trials have shown that hemostatic powder (TC-325) results in greater immediate hemostasis and lower 30-day rebleeding rates than standard endoscopic therapy (SET) for management of malignant upper gastrointestinal bleeding (MUGIB). We explored whether TC-325 would be a cost-effective first-line option for patients with MUGIB compared with SET in the United Kingdom.
Methods A decision tree was developed for patients with MUGIB, assessing initial therapy with TC-325 or SET over a 30-day period. Patients with failed initial hemostasis or a rebleed within 30 days underwent further endoscopic treatment, escalation to either transcatheter arterial embolization or surgery, or radiotherapy. Overall 30-day mortality was applied. Costs, in GBP, were based on the United Kingdom National Health Services costs for 2023/2024. Results were reported as incremental differences in cost, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and net monetary benefit. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses and scenario analyses were performed.
Results The cost of treating MUGIB patients with TC-325 was £245.88 lower than treatment with SET, with an incremental increase of 0.001 QALYs. TC-325 remained a cost-saving approach in sensitivity and scenario analyses. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis revealed that TC-325 was more effective and cost saving in 80.1% of simulations (range 67.5%–98.63%).
Conclusions Initial treatment of MUGIB with TC-325 compared with SET was more effective (higher primary hemostasis and lower 30-day rebleeding) and cost saving owing to the requirement for fewer interventions, readmissions, and length of stay. Additional studies are needed to address model uncertainties in the follow-up management of these complex patients.
Inverse Electron-Demand Diels–Alder Reaction of Pyrazines with 2,5-Norbornadiene as Acetylene Precursor
Authors: Khalymbadzha Igor A. , Krinochkin Alexey P. , Valieva Maria I. , Kudryashova Ekaterina A. , Potapova Svetlana S. , Potapova Anastasia P. , Fatykhov Ramil F. , Sharapov Ainur D. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Kovalev Igor S. , Petrova Victoria E. , Krivoshchapov Nikolai V. , Zyryanov Grigory V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe reaction of pyrazines with 2,5-norbornadiene, an acetylene precursor, as a cascade of Diels–Alder reactions is reported yielding substituted pyridines. In contrast to the known examples of intermolecular Diels–Alder type reaction of pyrazines with acetylene, which usually leads to a mixture of products, in our case the formation of a single isomer was observed. The proposed approach allows the conversion of pyrazines with different types of substitution, except those containing methyl and amino donor groups, to pyridines. In addition, highly functionalized aminonicotic esters were obtained, which can be used for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. An unusual course of the Diels–Alder reaction was found in the case of tetrasubstituted pyrazines, which cleave organic nitriles instead of HCN. Quantum-chemical modeling of possible transition states showed that this Diels–Alder reaction proceeds via cycloaddition of 2,5-norbornadiene to pyrazine with sequential elimination of HCN and cyclopentadiene; the reaction pathway including initial formation of acetylene from norbornadiene and subsequent Diels–Alder reaction with the acetylene was rejected as kinetically unfavorable.
Visible-Light-Mediated Benzylic Oxidation Using Bromo(diphenyl) methane
Authors: Tse Ying-Lung Steve , Yeung Ying-Yeung , Lee Ka-Mei , Wong Hong-Chai Fabio , Wong Sze-Yung , Chan Yung-Yin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBenzylic C(sp3)–H oxidation is a useful process that can give aryl carbonyl compounds as valuable building blocks. Here, we report a study on the use of bromo(diphenyl)methane as a Br source for a phototriggered benzylic oxidation. The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with a variety of substrates. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction might involve a peroxyl radical intermediate formed by a reaction between a benzylic C radical and molecular oxygen.
Will the future policing of fraud be ‘a fundamental shift in our approach to tackling fraud’ or largely more of the same? Reviewing the 2023 UK fraud strategy through evidence on the ground
Authors: Doig Alan , Levi Michael , Luker Jodie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn 2023, the UK government issued a national Fraud Strategy in response to concerns
over increases in reported fraud and the low levels of law enforcement resource
available to investigate cases. The Strategy was announced as a fundamental shift in
how the government intended to respond to frauds and attempted frauds against
individuals. The article focusses on the evidence base that may be assumed to
underpin and shape any strategy by assessing and analysing the data what would
have been available at the time the Strategy was drafted.
The article argues that the Strategy has not taken any time to explore past
strategies and any lessons to be learned and nor did it appear to substantively
accessed, used, analysed and interpreted the available data, and nor used that data as
an evidence base to develop an approach will have to be strategic, prioritised and
innovative. The article concludes that, in strategic terms, the Strategy may be unlikely
to achieve its objectives.
The 1967 Russell Tribunal and transatlantic anti-war activism
Authors: Raming Sean 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study reconsiders the 1967 Russell Tribunal through the lens of U.S. media. Scholars who study the Tribunal are often left apologizing for its lack of impact on public discourse. But a close look at news coverage, primary Tribunal literature, and members’ correspondence reveals many ways that it affected debates about the war in the USA. These connections made the Tribunal a transatlantic component in the Vietnam era anti-war movement as much as an experiment in international law.
Design of a novel high-speed tensile method for testing the high strain rate tensile behavior of aluminum alloys
Authors: Chen Li , Shi Hao , Li Weihao , Shi Huantong , Li Xingwen , Hao Shiyu , Li Chengcheng , An Ran 
Published: December 2024

The high-strain rate mechanical behavior of aluminum alloys is crucial for the stability of electromagnetic launch systems. However, current high-strain rate testing methods are not suitable for large-scale screening of materials needed in electromagnetic launch systems due to their low precision and high cost. In this paper, a novel method for high-strain rate tensile testing of aluminum alloys based on magnetic pulse driving was proposed. The method can generate a fast-rising edge and adjustable stress pulses to enable uniaxial tensile deformation, reaching a target strain rate quickly and keeping it constant. Based on the theory of stress wave transmission, a single-point method for measuring stress–strain relationship of the specimen combining digital image correlation (DIC) technology is proposed. Finite element simulations using the explicit finite element software LS-DYNA demonstrate a good agreement between the strains and strain rate with experimental values. Tensile tests were conducted on AA7075 in the strain rate range of 1000–3000 s−1, the stress–strain relationship obtained from DIC agrees well with the results of traditional Hopkinson bar experiments.
Thermal mean-field theories
Authors: Gu Pinhao , Hirata So 
Published: December 2024

Several closely related ab initio thermal mean-field theories for fermions, both well-established and new ones, are compared with one another at the formalism level and numerically. The theories considered are Fermi–Dirac theory; thermal Hartree–Fock (HF) theory; two modifications of the thermal single-determinant approximation of Kaplan and Argyres, Ann. Phys. 92, 1–24 (1975); and the first-order finite-temperature many-body perturbation theory based on a zero-temperature or thermal HF reference. Thermal full-configuration-interaction theory is used as the benchmark.
High fire severity and frequency threaten the persistence of a widespread obligate-seeder Banksia in south-eastern Australia
Authors: Muir Annette M. , Amos Nevil N. , Moloney Paul D. 
Published: December 2024

Context Obligate-seeding woody plants with long reproductive maturity periods and no soil seed banks are threatened with decline as climate change drives more frequent and severe fires, such as the extensive 2019–2020 wildfires in south-eastern Australia. Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of fire intervals and severity on the persistence of one such species, Banksia cunninghamii (Hairpin Banksia), in temperate forests. Methods We measured post-fire seedling recruitment of B. cunninghamii at 25 sites in Victoria, burned at various severities in the 2019–2020 wildfires and with differing prior fire intervals. A Bayesian framework was used to model the relationship between seedling numbers, fire severity and fire interval. A spatial analysis compared a species distribution model for B. cunninghamii with fire severity and fire intervals. Key results There was a low chance of B. cunninghamii recruitment (<25%) at sites that either had burned eucalypt canopies or a preceding fire interval of less than 12 years. Sixty-seven percent of its distribution in the south-east of the state of Victoria was mapped as burned at high severity (burned eucalypt canopies) between 1998 and 2020, or burned at shorter than 12 year intervals between 1960 and 2020, although some B. cunninghamii populations will have persisted due to the patchiness of past burns. Conclusions Banksia cunninghamii is vulnerable to local extinctions in the wildfire-affected areas if fires occur again before plants reach maturity, or if high fire severity destroys seeds. Implications More frequent and severe wildfires mean that burn planning needs to consider the reproductive cycles of serotinous obligate-seeding plants.
Gasification of agricultural residues to support the decarbonization of the transport sector via electricity generation: a case study
Authors: Morselli Nicolò , Puglia Marco , Ottani Filippo , Pedrazzi Simone , Noussan Michel , Laveneziana Lorenzo , Prussi Matteo , Talluri Giacomo , Allesina Giulio , Tartarini Paolo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The gradual electrification of transport, particularly private cars, requires widespread electricity availability and potential peak demand in rural or underdeveloped regions could strain the existing electricity network. Therefore, exploring distributed electricity generation is crucial to reduce grid demand and can be an opportunity to promote low-carbon technologies. In this research work we analyze the potential contribution of a biomass gasifier, fueled by vine prunings, in supplying electricity to a local site for electric vehicles charging. The performance of the system is assessed from a technical, economic and environmental point of view. In particular, the specific equivalent CO2 emissions of the system are compared to the alternative emissions of the national power grid, considering the estimated charging profiles based on available patterns from real case studies that incorporate different users’ behaviours and preferences. The electricity produced by the gasifier has a calculated supply chain carbon intensity of 134 gCO
2e
· kWh
−1, which can be sharply reduced to -34 gCO
2e
· kWh
−1, indicating a carbon-negative process, when the carbon sequestration of the co-produced biochar is considered. These figures should be evaluated against a weighted average carbon intensity of the national electricity mix equal to 384 gCO
2e
· kWh
−1 in 2018, while the same figure for 2030 ranges from 141 gCO
2e
· kWh
−1 to 226 gCO
2e
· kWh
−1 depending on the future scenario that is considered. The economic assessment estimates payback times between 6 and 8 years with an average utilization factor of the charging station equal to 14% and a charging price equal to 0.62 €/kWh. In addition to the emission savings that are obtained, this approach could generate further positive effects on the territory: a) the production of electricity allows rural areas to establish their sustainable electric transportation network, reducing their marginalization; b) the production portfolio of farms or agricultural consortia is diversified; c) create a carbon-negative recovery chain for lignocellulosic waste and offers a sustainable solution for their disposal. The results of this analysis can be of use for other researchers dealing with similar topics, and for policymakers that aim to compare available solutions for the decarbonization of the transport sector.
Energy storage scenarios and design of a new Italian innovation infrastructure for energy transition
Authors: Conversano Antonio , Zatti Matteo , Sogni Davide , Consonni Stefano 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The revised European Renewable Energy Directive sets the EU’s binding renewable energy target for 2030 to a minimum of 42.5% from renewable sources in the overall energy mix. To achieve the fit-for-55 objectives, Italy intends to increase solar and wind power plants installations by 2030, with expected power capacities of 79.3 GW and 28.1 GW respectively. Renewable energy penetration is unlocked by an adequate storage capacity availability which should increase by up to 95 GWh (2030) in the Country. The present paper aims at providing an outlook on the national energy scenarios and forecasts on energy storage systems penetration, sharing the design of an innovation facility to support the industry in advancing the technological maturity of energy storage systems with specific reference to hydrogen and e-fuel production as well as electrochemical storage.
An insight on the calculation of aerodynamic polars for stall-controlled wind turbines using CFD: the case of S8XX airfoils
Authors: Venturi Alessio , Melani Pier Francesco , Papi Francesco , Bianchini Alessandro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To ensure that stall control performs correctly in wind turbines making use of this logic, having accurate airfoil data near and post the stall limit is crucial. Due to the scarcity of experimental data, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are increasingly used to this end, although modelling stall is critical due to the impact of turbulence that often impacts on transition; therefore, various numerical methods have been proposed for use within a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes approach. In this study, a critical analysis has been carried out to define some best practice in the simulation of airfoils designed for stall control. Commonly adopted transitional models, i.e., the k-ω SST and the γ-Reθ
ones, have been compared with the novel GEKO model by Ansys, and deriving CFD results are benchmarked against ubiquitous panel methods (XFoil and RFOIL), which still often represent an industry standard. Key performance factors have been critically compared, providing some case-specific indications on the benefits and drawback of the different models.
Integration of Floating Photovoltaics and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage with Water Electrolysis for Combined Power and Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Migliari Luca , Micheletto Davide , Marchionni Matteo , Cocco Daniele 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study proposes a floating photovoltaic - pumped hydro energy storage system integrated with a water electrolyzer for combined power and hydrogen generation. Compared to solutions without electrolyzers, this integrated system is able to further mitigate the non-programmable photovoltaic generation and simultaneously decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors. The performance of the integrated system is herein studied on daily, monthly, and yearly bases using a mathematical model with a 1-hour time resolution for a real case represented by a pumped hydroelectric energy storage system in Sardinia. The study considers integrating the existing system with a 11 MW floating photovoltaic system and a 4 MW PEM electrolyzer, appropriately sized to achieve a hydrogen production target of 100 tonnes per year and a photovoltaic self-consumption not below 95%. The power used for pumping water and producing hydrogen is 100% renewable, as it is supplied solely by the floating photovoltaic plant, and the electricity is fed in the grid at night, aiming to increase the share of renewables in the nighttime energy mix of the Sardinia region. Results show that the integration provides significant benefits to the grid, with 8.5 GWh/year of nighttime inertial feed-ins. Moreover, since the integrated plant is characterized by annual self-consumption values of photovoltaic generation around 97% and monthly values never below 93%, the negative impact caused by its non-programmable feed-ins on the grid is minimal. Hydrogen production, capable of replacing approximately 0.1% of the current yearly fossil fuel-based thermal demand of the regional industrial sector, exhibits strong seasonality, with daily production averaging 65 kg/day during winter months and over 7 times more (465 kg/day) during summer months, suggesting the opportunity for a seasonal storage.
Optimized design procedure for small-scale Pumped Hydro Energy Storage systems based on the use of pumps as turbines
Authors: Laconi Nicola , Licheri Fabio , Cambuli Francesco , Cocco Daniele , Petrollese Mario 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) is a well-established technology offering large storage capacities. In recent years, small-scale PHES plants are becoming more interesting, due to their possibility of being integrated with renewable-based microgrids. However, the high capital costs represent the most critical economic factor for such storage systems. The cost of the hydraulic machines can be mitigated by using commercial centrifugal pumps in reverse mode (the so called Pump as Turbine, PAT, technology) in place of small hydro-turbines. One of the main issues in PHES systems that operate with a single machine is the procedure followed to select the optimal PAT for a given case study. In this study, an automatic selection method was developed, utilizing commercial pump data and optimization algorithms in MATLAB to identify the optimal PAT configuration based on site-specific characteristics and user load profiles. To test the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, the case study of a small-scale PHES located in Sardinia (Italy) coupled with a photovoltaic plant is considered. Results demonstrated that while the choice of the PAT closest to the theoretical best efficiency point exhibit higher nominal efficiencies, their actual operational efficiencies showed considerable variation. This underscores the importance of both developing an algorithm capable of comparing different PATs and defining a method to determine an adequate group of PAT candidates. Additionally, the number of PATs installed significantly impacts the performance of PHES systems. Increasing the number of PATs generally enhances flexibility and efficiency in energy usage during the charging phase, leading to greater energy output during discharge phases. However, operating an excessive number of PATs far from their nominal conditions can result in efficiency losses.
OWC Systems Savonius Turbine Reduced Order Model Implementation by Means of Experimental Data
Authors: Brusca Sebastian , Galvagno Antonio , Mauro Stefano , Messina Michele , Lanzafame Rosario 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present paper discusses the implementation of a Reduced Order Model (ROM) for an OWC Power Take-Off Savonius turbine. The turbine’s ROM relies primarily on experimental data. An ad hoc laboratory-scale oscillating flow simulator was constructed to replicate the behaviour of the OWC power take-off turbine under various operating conditions. A laboratory-scale Savonius turbine with a diameter of 0.09 m, an aspect ratio of 1, and an overlap ratio of 1/3 was subjected to testing. Performance evaluations were conducted using the laboratory-scale oscillating flow simulator. In this paper, all tests were conducted at a fixed maximum air velocity of 5 m/s and different air flow oscillation frequencies. A data-driven method was employed to implement the turbine ROM, utilizing data collected during the experimental campaign. To test ROM model air flow oscillation frequency of 1.0 Hz is used.
Fluidized Bed Reactors for energy recovery from biomass and wastes: a data-driven approach towards the development of digital twins for real time control and monitoring
Authors: Baldelli Matteo , Bartolucci Lorenzo , Cordiner Stefano , Mulone Vincenzo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The application of machine learning (ML) techniques for the control and development of digital twins for a fluidized bed reactors represents a significant advancement in process engineering. In this study, the integration of data-driven models trained using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, is explored for developing and optimizing the lab-scale fluidized bed reactor operations. By leveraging the collection of data generated from CFD simulations, data-driven algorithms, based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Gaussian processes for regression, are trained to predict the gas-solid flow patterns under different operating condition. The data-driven models presented, serve as efficient reduced order model (ROM) surrogate for computationally expensive CFD simulations, enabling real-time predictions and control strategies for fluidized bed reactors, facilitating continuous monitoring, optimization, and predictive maintenance. Moreover, the ROM can effectively capture the complex relationships within the reactor system, with an overall error < 10% even without precise knowledge of the underlying physical phenomena. The synergistic combination of ML techniques and CFD simulations offers valuable insights into complex multiphase flow phenomena and reactor dynamics, leading to improved process control, energy efficiency, and overall performance of fluidized bed reactors. This approach holds great promise for accelerating innovation and sustainability in chemical and energy industries.