bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Epoetin Beta and Epoetin Alfa in the Treatment of Anemia in End-Stage Renal Disease Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Azmandian Jalal , Abbasi Mohammad Reza , Pourfarziani Vahid , Nasiri Amir Ahmad , Ossareh Shahrzad , Ezzatzadegan Jahromi Shahrokh , Sanadgol Hooshang , Amini Somayeh , Shahvaroughi Farahani Arshia 
Published: September 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Anemia is one of the most prevalent complications in patients with chronic kidney disease, which is believed to be caused by the insufficient synthesis of erythropoietin by the kidney. This phase III study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of CinnaPoietin® (epoetin beta, CinnaGen) with Eprex® (epoetin alfa, Janssen Cilag) in the treatment of anemia in ESRD hemodialysis patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this randomized, active-controlled, double-blind, parallel, and non-inferiority trial, patients were randomized to receive either CinnaPoietin® or Eprex® for a 26-week period. The primary endpoints of this study were to assess the mean hemoglobin (Hb) change during the last 4 weeks of treatment from baseline along with the evaluation of the mean weekly epoetin dosage per kilogram of body weight that was necessary to maintain the Hb level within 10–12 g/dL during the last 4 weeks of treatment. As the secondary objective, safety was assessed along with other efficacy endpoints. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 156 patients were included in this clinical trial. There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups regarding the mean Hb change (<i>p</i> = 0.21). In addition, the mean weekly epoetin dosage per kg of body weight for maintaining the Hb level within 10–12 g/dL showed no statistically significant difference between treatment arms (<i>p</i> = 0.63). Moreover, both products had comparable safety profiles. However, the incidence of Hb levels above 13 g/dL was significantly lower in the CinnaPoietin® group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> CinnaPoietin® was proved to be non-inferior to Eprex® in the treatment of anemia in ESRD hemodialysis patients. The trial was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03408639).
Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated With Elevated Serum PCSK9 Levels in People With HIV Independent of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Leucker Thorsten M. , Weiss Robert G. , Schär Michael , Bonanno Gabriele , Mathews Lena , Jones Steven R. , Brown Todd T. , Moore Richard , Afework Yohannes , Gerstenblith Gary , Hays Allison G. 
Published: September 2018

Background

HIV
+ people are at increased risk of coronary artery disease, but the responsible mechanisms are incompletely understood. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (
PCSK
9) is traditionally recognized for its importance in cholesterol metabolism; however, recent data suggest an additional, low‐density lipoprotein receptor–independent adverse effect on endothelial cell inflammation and function. We tested the hypotheses that
PCSK
9 levels are increased and that abnormal coronary endothelial function is related to
PCSK
9 serum levels in
HIV
+ individuals.

Methods and Results

Forty‐eight
HIV
+ participants receiving antiretroviral therapy with suppressed viral replication, without coronary artery disease, and 15 age‐ and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol–matched healthy
HIV−
subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging to measure coronary endothelial function, quantified as percentage change in coronary artery cross‐sectional area during isometric handgrip exercise, an endothelial‐dependent stressor; and blood was obtained for serum
PCSK
9 and systemic vascular biomarkers. Data are presented as mean±SD. Mean serum
PCSK
9 was 65% higher in the
HIV
+ subjects (302±146 ng/
mL
) than in the
HIV
− controls (183±52 ng/
mL
,
P
<0.0001). Coronary endothelial function was significantly reduced in the
HIV
+ versus
HIV
− subjects (percentage change in coronary artery cross‐sectional area, 2.9±9.6% versus 11.1±3.7%;
P
<0.0001) and inversely related to
PCSK
9 (
R
=−0.51,
P
<0.0001). Markers of endothelial activation and injury, P‐selectin and thrombomodulin, were also significantly increased in the
HIV
+ subjects; and P‐selectin was directly correlated with serum
PCSK
9 (
R
=0.31,
P
=0.0144).

Conclusions

Serum
PCSK
9 levels are increased in treated
HIV
+ individuals and are associated with abnormal coronary endothelial function, an established measure of vascular health.
Navigating Colonial Power: Challenging Precedents and the Limitation of Local Elites
Authors: Siddiqui Sohaira 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn 1869, the British allowed Muslims to sit as judges on the High Court. This article explores the legal opinions of the first Muslim judge to be appointed to the High Court, Syed Mahmood. Straddling two competing worlds – that of Cambridge University and that of his native India – Justice Mahmood both legitimated and resisted colonial judicial power. In this essay I will demonstrate how British judges interpreted points of Islamic law within an English legal framework, and how these interpretations contradicted their translated texts of Islamic law, yet became the foundation of legal precedents established through the doctrine of stare decisis. Despite participating within the British colonial judiciary, Mahmood challenged these precedents, demonstrating his ability to navigate the paradoxes of colonial power to secure for himself a legitimate platform from which he could argue his juridical interventions. The efficacy of these challenges, however, ultimately was restrained by the institutions and structures of the colonial jural project.
Family Reunification between Static EU Citizens and Third Country Nationals
Authors: Berneri Chiara 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
According to the available data, the number of refugees worldwide has recently exceeded 50 million people. Europe in particular has become the place to which immigrants direct themselves in search of a better life. Numerous have been the efforts at EU level to introduce new legal channels of immigration. Within these efforts, family reunification has not been thoroughly explored by the EU as a tangible way to provide an alternative legal pathway to asylum.
The scope of this work is to link family reunification between static EU citizens and third country nationals to the current European immigration background in order to appreciate it as a way to channel safe immigration. This article will first give an overview of where we stand today in terms of the protection of this kind of family looking at data and case law. It will then focus on the reasons why a further enhancement of this tool is desirable and how it can be achieved in a concrete fashion. In particular, it will argue that a broader reading of the concept of emotional dependency, within the broader application of Zambrano, should be applied to further benefit families involved in the current refugee crisis.
Association of the North Atlantic Surface Turbulent Heat Fluxes with Midlatitude Cyclones
Authors: Tilinina Natalia , Gavrikov Alexander , Gulev Sergey K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAtmospheric mechanisms leading to the formation of very strong turbulent air–sea heat fluxes in the North Atlantic are analyzed using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) for the winter periods from 1979 to 2010. Surface turbulent flux extremes were quantified by considering both absolute and relative extremeness of these fluxes. For all cases of very strong surface turbulent fluxes, regional composites of the associated atmospheric conditions were built using reanalysis output. These composites clearly demonstrate a critical role of the cyclone–anticyclone interaction zone in forming very strong surface fluxes. The implied importance of cyclones followed by anticyclones in generation of surface air–sea heat flux extremes was demonstrated by the analysis of case studies. We further used the results of numerical cyclone tracking to identify extratropical cyclones associated with air–sea flux events of different intensities and to quantify the life cycle characteristics of these cyclones. Analysis of frequency distribution of surface heat fluxes has shown that extreme fluxes over the North Atlantic are associated with less than 30% of winter cyclones and that this association occurs mostly during the initial stage of their life cycle. Analysis of life cycle characteristics of these cyclones shows, in turn, that they are considerably more intense than most North Atlantic cyclones and are characterized by rapid deepening and slower propagation. We argue that variability of the North American high is a key factor controlling atmospheric conditions favorable for the occurrence of high turbulent air–sea heat fluxes in the North Atlantic mid- and subpolar latitudes.
Are Lebanese schools adopting a health promotion approach in their curricula?
Authors: Akel Marwan , Fahs Iqbal , Salameh Pascale , Godeau Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The concept of the health promoting school offers a coherent approach to promoting health and well-being within a whole school community. This study sought to evaluate the health programmes and policies adopted by different Lebanese schools, and their appropriateness for this role as part of health promotion. Methods: Our research took the form of a prospective observational study involving 50 schools from different areas of Lebanon. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the Health Assessment Tool for Schools (HATS). Data were analysed to describe school characteristics and to reveal differences in the health topics addressed. Results: Most of the schools included in the study came from Mount Lebanon (56%). Around 70% of the involved schools offered health-related courses in their curricula. Health-related seminars and workshops (60%) and health awareness campaigns took place at the studied schools, with 98% incorporating physical education into the curriculum. Dental health (74%), smoking cessation (72%) and physical activity (68%) were among other most addressed topics, while mental health was the least discussed (20%). The majority (70%) of schools had a shared vision of what promoting health involved and sought to promote the active involvement of community members in the life of the school (60%). Around two-thirds of the schools (66%) provided physical support and facilities, and had developed policies for health promotion. Less than half of these schools’ health committees, however, had developed plans to improve health promotion and review data to ensure the effectiveness of their programmes. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that despite weaknesses, the majority of the sampled schools had either implemented or were in the process of implementing a health promoting school programme to improve health education and students’ well-being.
Effect of Increased Scapular Internal Rotation on Glenohumeral External Rotation and Elbow Valgus Load in the Late Cocking Phase of Throwing Motion
Authors: Itami Yasuo , Mihata Teruhisa , McGarry Michelle H. , Lin Charles C. , Patel Nilay A. , Kantor Adam , Neo Masashi , Lee Thay Q. 
Published: September 2018

Background: Scapular dyskinesis among throwers is thought to affect kinetic chain function and increase the load demands on the shoulder and/or elbow. However, the biomechanical relationship between scapular orientation and elbow valgus load, which is associated with ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury, has not been determined. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of increased scapular internal rotation (IR) and glenohumeral external rotation (GHER) on elbow valgus load in a static simulation of the late cocking phase of throwing. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Seven fresh-frozen male cadaveric upper extremities were used with a custom testing system to simulate the late cocking phase. First, the authors evaluated the effect of increasing scapular IR on maximum GHER and forearm angle (forearm axis relative to the ground). Each parameter was evaluated at 20° to 40° (5° increments) of scapular IR by applying 2.2-N·m external rotation torque to the humerus and 0.75-N·m valgus torque to the forearm. Next, to evaluate elbow valgus stability, the humerus was locked in maximal GHER at 40° of scapular IR, and sequentially increasing torque (0.75-7.5 N·m by 0.75-N·m increments) was applied to the forearm. Valgus angle and joint gap were evaluated at each torque. Results: Increases in scapular IR ≥5° significantly decreased GHER ( P < .01). With increasing valgus torque, forearm angle also increased linearly ( R2 = 0.85, P < .001). To compensate for the GHER deficit at 40° of scapular IR, a linear regression model showed that 25.3 N·m of valgus torque would be necessary to reach the original forearm position. In the intact condition, applying elbow valgus torque ≥5.25 N·m significantly increased valgus angle and the joint gap ( P < .01). Conclusion: Increased scapular IR significantly decreased GHER. Compensation for the GHER deficit significantly increased the elbow valgus load required to reach the same forearm position. Clinical Relevance: Increased scapular IR may increase the risk of elbow UCL injury among throwing athletes.
National trends in admissions for potentially preventable conditions among patients with metastatic solid tumors, 2004-2014.
Authors: Daly Robert Michael , Abougergi Marwan S. 
Published: September 2018

1 Background: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has identified 10 conditions for hospitalization among patients receiving chemotherapy that are potentially preventable through appropriately managed outpatient care. CMS plans to measure hospitals’ performance based on frequency of admission for: anemia, dehydration, diarrhea, emesis, nausea, neutropenia, fever, pain, pneumonia, and sepsis. Our objective was to measure hospital utilization patterns for these conditions. Methods: Nationally representative data from the 2004 and 2014 National Inpatient Sample were analyzed. Adults with stage IV solid tumors admitted with a principal diagnosis of one of the ten conditions were identified using ICD-9 codes provided by CMS. The primary outcome was number of admissions. Secondary outcomes were total hospitalization costs, length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital mortality rate. Proportions and count data were compared using chi-square and binomial test, respectively. Results: Between 2004 and 2014, potentially preventable hospitalizations increased from 64,053 to 85,740 (p < 0.01). The most frequent reason for admission was pneumonia (32%) in 2004 and sepsis (41%) in 2014. Table 1 provides the results for the year 2014 by condition. Hospitalizations for sepsis had the longest mean LOS (p < 0.01), highest mean total costs (p < 0.01) and most frequently resulted in death (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The Department of Health and Human Services states, “Improving patients’ quality of life by keeping patients out of the hospital is a main goal of cancer care.” Despite supportive care advances, the increased frequency of hospitalization demonstrates a need for continued symptom management innovation. Infectious symptoms should be a focus of these technologies given their high prevalence, mortality and resource utilization. [Table: see text]
Deploying end-of-life utilization measures for oncology patients to assess hospital care quality and value.
Authors: McNiff Kristen K. , Zhang Yichen , Fraile Belen , Hassett Michael J. 
Published: September 2018

106 Background: Addressing utilization near the end of life (EOL) for cancer patients is critical to enhance the value of cancer care. Cancer EOL utilization measures have been widely endorsed, including by the National Quality Forum (chemotherapy in the last 14 days; ICU in the last 30 days; not admitted to hospice; admitted to hospice for < 3 days). However, efforts to use these measures to assess hospital quality and value have been constrained, in part because currently endorsed specifications do not provide a claims-based approach to cohort identification, and do not include a hospital attribution methodology. Methods: Using Medicare fee-for-service claims for adults ≥65 years, and through an iterative process informed by an expert panel, we developed extensible claims-based algorithms to a) identify patients who were deceased from cancer; b) attribute each patient to a responsible hospital; and c) derive hospital-level performance measures. We sought to ensure that these algorithms had strong face validity and were consistent with standard practices for claims-based analyses. Results: We identified 347,452 cancer decedents as those who had a cancer diagnosis associated with ≥2 hospital inpatient (IP), hospital outpatient (OP), or hospice claims, and died between 2011-2014. A decedent’s care was attributed to a hospital if there were ≥2 claims from that institution during the 6 months before death (N = 221,102). If this identified multiple hospitals, one was selected using the following sequence: total majority of all claims; most OP claims; most IP claims; last IP claim before death. Measure performance reflected national published data: 6% received chemotherapy in the last 14 days; 28% admitted to ICU in the last 30 days; and 34% not admitted to hospice. There was significant variation in hospital performance for all measures. Conclusions: Claims-based EOL measures do not define ‘ideal’ performance, but they do provide hospitals with broad utilization data that can help inform value-based cancer care delivery. These methods addressed gaps hindering the application of endorsed cancer EOL measures to hospitals. Companion quality measures to assess goal-concordant care are also needed.
Teams aren’t enough: Considering multiteam systems for better cancer care.
Authors: Lazzara Elizabeth Hunter , Shuffler Marissa , Lenoble Chelsea , Weaver Sallie , Chollette Veronica 
Published: September 2018

231 Background: Cancer is a complex disease that manifests differently. Quality care relies on the coordinated integration of many providers with varied background, experience, and expertise. Because care coordination spans across multiple processes (e.g., detection, diagnosis, and treatment), levels (e.g., individuals and teams), provider types (e.g., nurse and physician), specialties (e.g., surgery, radiology, and oncology), we argue that a team-based approach is necessary but solely insufficient. The current system provides care that is fragmented and evidence suggests such fragmentation is associated with missed opportunities, repetitive testing and increased costs. To mitigate fragmentation, effective cancer care requires the synthesis of multiple teams. A single team is characterized by two or more individuals working interdependently towards a shared goal. However, due to the complexity of cancer care, effective care coordination warrants multiple teams with collective, shared goals as well as potentially different, proximal goals. Effective multiteam systems (MTSs) need guidance, particularly for cancer care where this thinking is still relatively novel. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper is to contribute a theoretically grounded foundation and initial guiding principles that can inform efforts to mitigate the fragmentation in cancer care by providing insights on how to facilitate optimal MTSs. Methods: We culled the MTS literature to distill principles that are applicable for cancer care. Results: We offer seven recommendations that practitioners and healthcare delivery researchers can use to strengthen the integrated, coordinative efforts of cancer care: (1) Define the specific cancer care MTS & potential future component teams; (2) Determine critical interdependencies among the component teams; (3) Identify optimal boundary spanner(s); (4) Educate the boundary spanner on the role and responsibilities; (5) Explicate the shared and competing goals; (6) Establish a salient social identity; and (7) Incorporate pre-briefs and debriefs with ‘unlikely’ team members. Conclusions: We posit that a MTS approach is more accurate and more fruitful for examining and improving the delivery of cancer care across the cancer continuum.
Revealing as concealing: The photographic flash of the epiphany in the modernist short story
Authors: Kier-Byfield Sophia 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Despite a recent rise in interest in the history and material aesthetics of photographic flash, its relationship with the short story form is yet to be investigated. Such a critical gap exists even though there is an obvious association between a visual technology that seeks to expose the hidden and a genre knitted together with the notion of epiphany, a supposed moment of revelation. The focus of this article is directed towards the history of flash photography and its inherent aggression, apparent in the early technologies of the flashgun and the chemical compounds of flash powder (in steady use until the termination of their production in 1941, despite the coexistence of the flash bulb). Early flash erupts, bleaches and blinds, interfering with the illumination that it promised to establish: flash photography achieves disorientation, not lucidity. A photographic reading of the epiphany moment in examples of the modernist short story will therefore be stimulated, discussing how these moments, like instances of flash, actually hinder the acquisition of knowledge: both character and reader are left dazzled, rather than closer to the truth.
‘The most objectionable story I have ever had to report on’: Film censorship in post-Second World War Britain and the re-telling of Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Body Snatcher
Authors: Frith Paul 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Existing research on British censorship during the 1940s has often favoured the notion that a so-called ‘H’ ban effectively upheld the import, production, and exhibition of the horror film in Britain during the later-half of the Second World War. However, through an analysis of contemporary critical reception and censorship discourses, it becomes apparent how this ‘ban’ was nowhere near as clearly defined as is often argued. While the ‘H’ ban may have succeeded in barring a small number of low-brow fantasy horror films from cinema screens the genre prevailed in various guises, with the films of producer Val Lewton bringing about a shift away from fantasy towards representations of the everyday. Furthermore, the role of the script supervisor at the British Board of Film Censors clearly demonstrates an alternative to censorship through an involvement with the studios prior to production in order to avoid such restrictions. This article therefore presents an analysis of such negotiations at the BBFC during this period, with Lewton’s production of The Body Snatcher (Wise, 1945) representing an example of how horror remained a fixture on British screens, through both self-censorship and a move away from the type of film typically associated with the ‘H’ classification.
The Twilight of The Idols: Perversity as eternal return and will-to-power in Antonio Margheriti’s The Virgin Of Nuremberg
Authors: Gardner Colin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Through a close reading of Antonio Margheriti’s The Virgin of Nuremberg, this article explores perverse desire as a means of utilizing the body as a political (and by extension, trans-historical) catalyst for de- and re-localizing stable cultural identities. Thus, what is specifically Italian and/or horrific about the so-called Italian horror genre becomes innately deterritorialized, bleeding over into the tropes of German Expressionism through latently Teutonic cultural signifiers (e.g., German Gothic, Nazi demonology and the necrophilia of 19th-Century German Romanticism). The result is a new, hybrid form of the monstrous that frees the political from its nationalist tethers and harnesses it to a more Nietzschean genealogical indeterminacy, generating what Gilles Deleuze calls a ‘collective leaven’, a ‘people yet to come’.