bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Category specificity in the medial temporal lobe: A systematic review
Authors: Robin Jessica , Rai Yeshith , Valli Mikaeel , Olsen Rosanna K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTheoretical accounts of medial temporal lobe (MTL) function ascribe different functions to subregions of the MTL including perirhinal, entorhinal, parahippocampal cortices, and the hippocampus. Some have suggested that the functional roles of these subregions vary in terms of their category specificity, showing preferential coding for certain stimulus types, but the evidence for this functional organization is mixed. In this systematic review, we evaluate existing evidence for regional specialization in the MTL for three categories of visual stimuli: faces, objects, and scenes. We review and synthesize across univariate and multivariate neuroimaging studies, as well as neuropsychological studies of cases with lesions to the MTL. Neuroimaging evidence suggests that faces activate the perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and the anterior hippocampus, while scenes engage the parahippocampal cortex and both the anterior and posterior hippocampus, depending on the contrast condition. There is some evidence for object‐related activity in anterior MTL regions when compared to scenes, and in posterior MTL regions when compared to faces, suggesting that aspects of object representations may share similarities with face and scene representations. While neuroimaging evidence suggests some hippocampal specialization for faces and scenes, neuropsychological evidence shows that hippocampal damage leads to impairments in scene memory and perception, but does not entail equivalent impairments for faces in cases where the perirhinal cortex remains intact. Regional specialization based on stimulus categories has implications for understanding the mechanisms of MTL subregions, and highlights the need for the development of theoretical models of MTL function that can accommodate the differential patterns of specificity observed in the MTL.
Plans and “off‐plan activities”: Exploring the roles of data and situated action in health planning in Burkina Faso
Authors: Rasmussen Stine Loft 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImplementation of health management information systems (HMIS) has gone hand in hand with a growing global demand for high‐quality data. While this has sustained HMIS implementation, it has also promoted a data‐centric assumption that better data leads to better action on health. An example is health managers envisaged using HMIS data to make action plans for health service delivery. The paper draws on an in‐depth study of practices of health data use in Burkina Faso to explore this relationship further. In this context, deviation from the agreed plan is not seen as problematic. Local action plans are often overruled because of requirements of higher levels, unexpected developments in diseases, or sudden provision of fresh funding. Health managers organize work under these uncertain circumstances through situated action. The concept of “off‐plan activities” is used to handle unforeseen events. Mobile phones are used extensively to make and remake plans. It is argued that the findings invite us to consider a less data‐centric approach to the role of HMIS data in health service delivery, where HMIS data are seen less as a tool to discipline local practices than as one element of the dynamic practices undertaken by individuals in the organization of daily work.
Preventive effect of apigenin against isoproterenol‐induced apoptosis in cardiomyoblasts
Authors: Thangaiyan Radhiga , Robert Beaulah Mary , Arjunan Sundaresan , Govindasamy Kanimozhi , Nagarajan Rajendra Prasad 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe investigated the effect of apigenin, a dietary flavonoid, on isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO)‐induced apoptotic signaling in cardiomyoblast H9C2 cells. The results showed that apigenin treatment (10 µM) prevented ISO (31.25 μM)‐induced lipid peroxidative levels and antioxidants status in H9C2 cells. Furthermore, apigenin inhibited expression of inflammatory markers in ISO‐treated cells. In addition, apigenin prevented ISO‐induced DNA damage and apoptotic signaling through modulating the expression of Bax, caspase‐3, ‐8 and ‐9, cytochrome c, and Fas proteins in H9C2 cells. It is concluded that apigenin prevents ISO‐induced antioxidants depletion, oxidative DNA damage, inflammatory, and apoptotic signaling in H9C2 cells. Thus, the present results demonstrated that apigenin has a cardioprotective effect on cardiomyoblasts cells.
Taurine prevents mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and swelling upon interaction with manganese: Implication in the treatment of cirrhosis‐associated central nervous system complications
Authors: Ahmadi Nahid , Ghanbarinejad Vahid , Ommati Mohammad Mehdi , Jamshidzadeh Akram , Heidari Reza 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBrain tissue manganese (Mn) accumulation is a cirrhosis‐associated complication. Cellular mitochondria are among the potential targets for Mn‐induced cytotoxicity. Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids with high concentrations in human brain tissue. Several pharmacological properties including regulation of mitochondrial function are attributed to taurine. The current investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of taurine on Mn‐induced mitochondrial impairment in isolated mice brain mitochondria. The brain mitochondria were exposed to increasing concentrations of Mn (0.1‐10 mM). Taurine (0.1, 1, and 10 mM) was added as the protective agent. The severe collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity, mitochondrial swelling, and depleted mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were evident in Mn‐exposed mitochondria. It was found that taurine administration preserved mitochondrial ATP, prevented mitochondrial depolarization and swelling, and increased mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity. These data suggest mitochondrial protection as an underlying mechanism for the protective effects of taurine against Mn toxicity.
Mesenchymal stem cells therapeutic potential alleviate lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury in rat model
Authors: Soliman Maha G. , Mansour Hanaa A. , Hassan Wedad A. , El‐Sayed Rasha A. , Hassaan Nahla A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInhalation of bacterial endotoxin induces an acute inflammation in the lower respiratory tract. The current study examined the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced pulmonary congestion in rats as compared with dexamethasone (Dexa) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). LPS (20 µL of LPS of Escherichia coli in each nostril for two consecutive days) induced lung injury as marked by an elevation of number of inflammatory cells especially neutrophils, increased total protein levels, elevation of lipid peroxidation, and reduction of reduced glutathione in bronchoalveolar lavage along with the reduction of reduced glutathione. These deleterious effects were hampered after treatment with BM‐MSCs (1 × 106 cells/rat) once before acute lung injury (ALI) induction with LPS to an even better extent than Dexa (2 mg/kg once, ip) and NaHCO3 (10‐15 mL/day for two consecutive days). In summary, BM‐MSCs have the ability to suppress the endotoxin‐induced systemic inflammatory response and could prove to be a novel approach to therapy for ALI in rats.
Equilibrium and Dynamic Surface Properties of Cationic/Anionic Surfactant Mixtures Based on Carboxylate Gemini Surfactant
Authors: Li Yan , Lai Lu , Mei Ping , Li Sheng‐Jin , Cheng Li , Ren Zhao‐Hua , Zheng Yan‐Cheng , Liu Yi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe equilibrium and dynamic surface properties of cationic/anionic surfactant mixtures of carboxylate gemini surfactant (CGS12) and quaternary ammonium salts with different alkyl chain lengths were investigated, and the synergistic properties and solubilization capacity toward phenanthrene of these mixtures were evaluated. Results show that all cationic/anionic surfactant mixtures exhibit negative interaction parameters, indicating the strong synergistic effects in the reduction of surface tension and the formation of micelles. When the mixing ratio is 1:1, the surface tension reaches the minimum value. Moreover, as the alkyl chain length increases, the interaction parameters become more negative. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters suggest that the formation of mixed micelles is exothermic with a positive change in entropy. The tendency of dynamic surface tension curves of these mixtures is similar to that of pure CGS12. At the same concentration, these mixtures exhibit a higher adsorption rate than pure surfactants, and a lower adsorption potential barrier than cationic surfactants. However, for the CGS12/stearyltrimethylammonium bromide mixture, the drop rate constant of surface tension is lower than that of either component. Compared with the pure surfactant solutions, the cationic/anionic surfactant mixtures exhibit higher solubilization capacity toward phenanthrene. As the length of the alkyl chain increases, the solubilization capacity of the mixed cationic/anionic surfactant increases.
Measurements of Singlet Oxygen‐Quenching Activity of Vitamin E Homologs and Palm Oil and Soybean Extracts in a Micellar Solution
Authors: Mukai Kazuo , Ishikawa Eri , Ouchi Aya , Nagaoka Shin‐ichi , Abe Koichi , Suzuki Tomomi , Izumisawa Katsuhiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, a new assay method that can quantify the singlet oxygen‐absorption capacity (SOAC) of antioxidants (AO) and food extracts in homogeneous organic solvents has been proposed. In the present study, second‐order rate constants (kQ) for the reaction of singlet oxygen (1O2) with vitamin E homologs (α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherols [Toc] and α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocotrienols [Toc‐3]) were measured in an aqueous Triton X‐100 (5.0 wt%) micellar solution (pH 7.4). Toc‐3 showed kQ values larger than those of Toc in a micellar solution, although Toc and Toc‐3 showed the same kQ values in a homogeneous solution. Similar measurements were performed for 5 palm oil extracts 1–5 and one soybean extract 6, which contained different concentrations of Toc, Toc‐3, and carotenoids. It has been clarified that the 1O2‐quenching rates (kQ) (that is, the relative SOAC value) obtained for extracts 3–6 may be explained as the sum of the product of the rate constant () and the concentration ([AO‐i]/100) of AO‐i contained. The UV–vis absorption spectra of Toc and Toc‐3 were measured in a micellar solution and chloroform. The results obtained demonstrated that the kQ values of AO in homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions vary notably depending on (1) polarity (dielectric constant [ε]) of the reaction field between 1O2 and AO, (2) the local concentration of AO, and (3) the mobility of AO in solution. The results suggest that the SOAC method is applicable to the measurement of 1O2‐quenching activity of general food extracts in a heterogeneous micellar solution.
Metamaterial‐Based Maxwell's Fisheye Lens for Multimode Waveguide Crossing
Authors: Xu Hongnan , Shi Yaocheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOn‐chip multimode transmission has drawn tremendous interest for its ability to expand the link capacity with a single wavelength carrier. The waveguide crossing is a basic component in the on‐chip photonic circuit allowing the routing of a complex network. The situation has arisen where the multimode waveguide crossing is required to achieve the high‐density multimode networks. However, the conventional designs of the waveguide crossing only work for the single‐mode. Some works have been reported which realize the multimode crossing, but all suffer from significant losses. Here a multimode waveguide star‐crossing is proposed using the metamaterial‐based Maxwell's fisheye lens, where four multimode waveguides converge at a single junction. The index‐engineered silicon metamaterial is utilized to obtain the Maxwell's fisheye lens on the silicon‐on‐insulator platform. By combining the Maxwell's fisheye lens and tapered waveguides, both TM0 and TM1 modes propagate through the star‐crossing with low losses and cross talk. The fabricated multimode waveguide star‐crossing shows low losses of <0.3 dB and cross talk of <‐20 dB.
Plasmon‐Enhanced Spin–Orbit Interaction of Light in Graphene
Authors: Ciattoni Alessandro , Rizza Carlo , Lee Ho Wai Howard , Conti Claudio , Marini Andrea 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA novel theoretical framework is developed describing polariton‐enhanced spin–orbit interaction (SOI) of light on the surface of 2D media. The reduced dimensionality of the system is exploited to introduce a quantum‐like formalism particularly suitable to fully take advantage of rotational invariance. Conservation of total angular momentum upon scattering enables the physical unveiling of the interaction between radiation and the 2D material along with the detailed exchange processes among orbital and spin components. In addition, the formalism is specialized to doped extended graphene, finding such an SOI to be dramatically enhanced by the excitation of plasmons propagating radially along the graphene sheet. Several examples of the enormous possibilities offered by plasmon‐enhanced SOI of light are provided including vortex generation, mixing, and engineering of tunable deep subwavelength arrays of optical traps in the near field.
Approximable algebras and a question of H. Chen
Authors: Maclean Catriona 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn , Huayi Chen introduces the notion of an approximable graded algebra, which he uses to prove a Fujita‐type theorem in the arithmetic setting, and asks if any such algebra is a sub‐algebra of the graded section ring of a big line bundle on an algebraic variety. We give a counter‐example showing that this is not the case.
Prolongation of solutions of measure differential equations and dynamic equations on time scales
Authors: Federson M. , Grau R. , Mesquita J. G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the results on existence and uniqueness of the maximal solutions for measure differential equations, considering more general conditions on functions f and g by using the correspondence between the solutions of these equations and the solutions of generalized ODEs. Moreover, we prove these results for the dynamic equations on time scales, using the correspondence between the solutions of these last equations and the solutions of the measure differential equations.
Recruitment of calbindin into nigral dopamine neurons protects against MPTP‐Induced parkinsonism
Authors: Inoue Ken‐ichi , Miyachi Shigehiro , Nishi Katsunori , Okado Haruo , Nagai Yuji , Minamimoto Takafumi , Nambu Atsushi , Takada Masahiko 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease is caused by dopamine deficiency in the striatum, which is a result of loss of dopamine neurons from the substantia nigra pars compacta. There is a consensus that a subpopulation of nigral dopamine neurons that expresses the calcium‐binding protein calbindin is selectively invulnerable to parkinsonian insults. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that dopamine neuron degeneration might be prevented by viral vector‐mediated gene delivery of calbindin into the dopamine neurons that do not normally contain it.MethodsA calbindin‐expressing adenoviral vector was injected into the striatum of macaque monkeys to be conveyed to cell bodies of nigral dopamine neurons through retrograde axonal transport, or the calbindin‐expressing lentiviral vector was injected into the nigra directly because of its predominant uptake from cell bodies and dendrites. The animals in which calbindin was successfully recruited into nigral dopamine neurons were administered systemically with MPTP.ResultsIn the monkeys that had received unilateral vector injections, parkinsonian motor deficits, such as muscular rigidity and akinesia/bradykinesia, appeared predominantly in the limbs corresponding to the non‐calbindin‐recruited hemisphere after MPTP administration. Data obtained from tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining and PET imaging for the dopamine transporter revealed that the nigrostriatal dopamine system was preserved better on the calbindin‐recruited side. Conversely, on the non‐calbindin‐recruited control side, many more dopamine neurons expressed α‐synuclein.ConclusionsThe present results indicate that calbindin recruitment into nigral dopamine neurons protects against the onset of parkinsonian insults, thus providing a novel approach to PD prevention. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Independent validation of metric optimized gating for fetal cardiovascular phase‐contrast flow imaging
Authors: Bidhult Sebastian , Töger Johannes , Heiberg Einar , Carlsson Marcus , Arheden Håkan , Aletras Anthony H. , Hedström Erik 
Published: August 2018

PurposeTo validate metric optimized gating phase‐contrast MR (MOG PC‐MR) flow measurements for a range of fetal flow velocities in phantom experiments. 2) To investigate intra‐ and interobserver variability for fetal flow measurements at an imaging center other than the original site.MethodsMOG PC‐MR was compared to timer/beaker measurements in a pulsatile flow phantom using a heart rate (∼145 bpm), nozzle diameter (∼6 mm), and flow range (∼130–700 mL/min) similar to fetal imaging. Fifteen healthy fetuses were included for intra‐ and interobserver variability in the fetal descending aorta and umbilical vein.ResultsPhantom MOG PC‐MR flow bias and variability was 2% ± 23%. Accuracy of MOG PC‐MR was degraded for flow profiles with low velocity‐to‐noise ratio. Intra‐ and interobserver coefficients of variation were 6% and 19%, respectively, for fetal descending aorta; and 10% and 17%, respectively, for the umbilical vein.ConclusionPhantom validation showed good agreement between MOG and conventionally gated PC‐MR, except for cases with low velocity‐to‐noise ratio, which resulted in MOG misgating and underestimated peak velocities and warranted optimization of sequence parameters to individual fetal vessels. Inter‐ and intraobserver variability for fetal MOG PC‐MR imaging were comparable to previously reported values.
Urodynamics are necessary for patients with asymptomatic pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Asfour Victoria , Gargasole Clara , Fernando Ruwan , Digesu G. G. , Khullar Vik 
Published: August 2018

AimTo evaluate the role of pre‐operative urodynamics in women with pelvic organ prolapse, who are asymptomatic for urinary symptoms. Correlate urodynamics findings with King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) responses.Materials and MethodsRetrospective review of prospectively collected data on routine pre‐operative urodynamics investigations in women with urogenital prolapse requiring surgery. Patients who were reported to be asymptomatic of urinary symptoms at the urogynaecological clinical consultation, were included for analysis. KHQ and urodynamics data were reviewed.ResultsA 800 records of women having routine pre‐operative urodynamics were collected over a 10‐year period, were reviewed. 98/800 (12%) were aymptomatic of urinary symptoms and underwent urodynamics. 82/98 (84%) completed the KHQ. 48/98 (49%) had normal urodynamics. 30/98 (31%) had detrusor overactivity (DO). 17/98 (17%) showed occult urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). 3/98 (3%) both DO and USI. 28/98 (29%) had peak flow rate less than 15 mL/s. Forty‐five percent of women reporting nocturia had DO. Nine percent had over 100 mL residuals after the free flow study. Routine pre‐operative urodynamics changed management in 25/98 (25%) of asymptomatic prolapse patients. TVT was performed in 12 patients. One patient who declined TVT for moderate occult USI, developed new‐onset stress urinary incontinence post‐operatively.ConclusionThis data show, that an accurate pre‐surgical evaluation of patients with prolapse is incomplete without a structured validated questionnaire and urodynamics, due to the high proportion of abnormal KHQ and UDS findings in presumably “asymptomatic” patients.
Ignition and Combustion Characterization of Ca(IO3)2‐based Pyrotechnic Composites with B, Al, and Ti
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Kline Dylan J. , Rehwoldt Miles , Zachariah Michael R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper studies the reactive behavior of calcium iodate with Al, B and Ti fuel particles as a thermal and iodine release source for neutralization of biological materials that might be employed in weapons. Two different calcium iodate particle length scales (micron and submicron) with different fuel/oxidizer ratios were used to prepare the iodized nanopyrolants. The optimal ratio was found to be the one with equivalence ratio of 2.0 for all the three fuels. The reactivity of the pyrolants can be enhanced by dehydrating the Ca(IO3)2 or replacing the micron oxidizer particles with submicron particles. The thermal decomposition process of the pyrolants was investigated at low and high heating rate. The results show that B, Al and Ti nanoparticles can promote the decomposition of Ca(IO3)2, but the Ti nanoparticles are the most efficient, which lower temperature of the oxygen/iodine release from ∼660 °C to ∼400 °C. Thus, Ti/Ca(IO3)2 has the lowest ignition temperature of ∼400 °C. The various calcium iodate‐based pyrolants were shown to have a wide range of reactivity (1–4 orders of magnitude) and burn times (1–3 orders of magnitude), high flame temperature (1850–2800 K) and iodine loading capacity (∼20–60 wt.‐% of iodine), which makes it a promising class of biocidal energetic materials.
Mapping woody plant community turnover with space‐borne hyperspectral data – a case study in the Cerrado
Authors: Leitão Pedro J. , Schwieder Marcel , Pedroni Fernando , Sanchez Maryland , Pinto José R. R. , Maracahipes Leandro , Bustamante Mercedes , Hostert Patrick 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEffective conservation measures require the knowledge on the spatial patterns of species communities and their turnover. This knowledge is, however, many times lacking, particularly so for complex systems. On the other hand, recent developments have resulted in tools that enable the mapping of these patterns from remote sensing data, such as Sparse Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling (SGDM). SGDM is a two‐stage approach, which combines a Sparse Canonical Component analysis and a Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling (GDM), thus being designed to deal with high‐dimensional data to predict community turnover in GDM. In this study, we use space‐borne hyperspectral data to map woody plant community patterns collected in two study sites in the Cerrado (Brazilian savannah), namely, the Parque Estadual da Serra Azul (PESA) in Mato Grosso state and Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros (PNCV) in Goiás state. Field data were collected in both study sites, following a systematic sampling scheme adapted for the Cerrado. The Cerrado is the most diverse of all the world's savannahs, and while holding a high diversity and endemism of species, this biome is mostly unprotected and understudied. We used Hyperion data acquired over the two study sites, which were subject to data pre‐processing (including radiometric and geometric corrections, as well as correction for sensor errors) and quality screening before analysis. Our models were used to map woody plant community patterns and turnover for the study areas. We also inspected the Hyperion spectral bands which most contributed in the SGDM, for each site. Furthermore, the modelled patterns were interpreted with respect to the ecological characteristics of the respective species, this way further enhancing our understanding of this complex system. This study has demonstrated that this approach is suitable for mapping woody plant communities in heterogeneous systems, based on combined field and space‐borne hyperspectral data.