bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ultra-Low-Dose Aspirin in Thrombosis and Haemorrhage
Authors: Eizayaga Francisco Xavier , Belon Philippe , Desplat Vanessa , Aguejouf Omar , Doutremepuich Christian 
Published: April 2019

Background Aspirin is the oldest and possibly the most widely used pharmacologically active substance still used in allopathic medicine. Its effect on fever and inflammation has paved the way to its anti-thrombotic effect. Dilutions of aspirin have been tested for many years in the University of Bordeaux, in humans as well as in animal models.
Methods This article is a review of the totality of articles published by the Laboratory of Hematology of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Bordeaux, reporting different doses and dilutions of aspirin, different kinds of inhibitors, transgenic mice and animal models of disease such as portal hypertension and cirrhosis.
Results Homeopathic dilutions of aspirin, notably 15 cH, have shown a pro-thrombotic effect in humans and in in-vivo animal studies. Longitudinal studies in rats have also shown an initial anti-thrombotic effect followed by a pro-thrombotic effect of aspirin several days after a single high-dose administration. This pro-thrombotic effect seems to act by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathway in studies performed with COX selective inhibitors and in knock-out mice without COX-1 or COX-2. This effect may explain the thrombo-embolic complications described after aspirin withdrawal for the purposes of surgery or after non-compliance with anti-platelet therapy, and it may be beneficial in normalising primary haemostasis and decreasing haemorrhage in animal models of portal hypertension and cirrhosis.
Conclusions Aspirin 15 cH acts through the inhibition of the COX-2 pathway producing a clear pro-thrombotic effect. Further studies should clarify if the pro-thrombotic effect of aspirin withdrawal and the effect of aspirin 15 cH are related, as secondary effects of the same drug. Clarifying this last outcome may be of great significance to public health.
Neutrophil and Monocyte Counts in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Hui Madeleine , Sheppard Jo-Ann I. , Li Na , Warkentin Theodore E. 
Published: April 2019

Background Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antibodies activate platelets, monocytes and neutrophils. Despite these findings, it is unknown whether white blood cell (WBC) counts, including neutrophils and monocytes, are altered during HIT.
Materials and Methods We evaluated changes in total WBC counts (including WBC subsets), in 50 post-cardiac surgery patients with serologically confirmed HIT (30 patients with HIT-associated thrombosis). Daily leukocyte counts were compared with those measured one day prior to HIT onset; WBC increases were classified as mild (20.0–49.9%), moderate (50.0–99.9%) or major (≥ 100% increase). We also compared changes in WBC counts in HIT patients with and without HIT-associated thrombosis, and non-HIT patients with thrombosis.
Results Most (34/50 [68.0%]) patients with HIT developed WBC count increases (mild, 35.3%; moderate, 44.1%; major, 20.6%). The peak WBC count occurred on day 4 (median) of HIT, which corresponded to day 10 (median) post-surgery. Absolute neutrophil counts increased in most patients (38/50 [76.0%]); whereas absolute monocyte counts rose in some patients, the overall tendency was for the monocyte count to decrease during HIT. Unexpectedly, we found that the increase in total WBC counts, as well as in neutrophils, was seen mainly in patients who developed HIT-associated or non-HIT-associated thrombosis; in contrast, no difference in monocyte levels was seen in patients with or without thrombosis.
Conclusion Leukocytosis and neutrophilia are commonly observed in patients with HIT, particularly in patients with HIT-associated thrombosis, as well as non-HIT patients with thrombosis. Thus, leukocytosis/neutrophilia should not infer automatically a diagnosis of infection or inflammation, when evaluating thrombocytopenia in heparin-exposed patients.
The Direct Thrombin Inhibitors Dabigatran and Lepirudin Inhibit GPIbα-Mediated Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Trabold Katharina , Makhoul Stephanie , Gambaryan Stepan , van Ryn Joanne , Walter Ulrich , Jurk Kerstin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) dabigatran is a non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. In addition to its anti-thrombotic efficacy, dabigatran has been suggested to exert some pro-thrombotic effect due to fostering the ligation of thrombin to its high affinity platelet receptor glycoprotein (GP) Ibα in patients with atrial fibrillation. On the other hand, we provided evidence that a member of another class of DTIs, lepirudin, stimulates the inhibitory cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/soluble guanylate cyclase pathway in human platelets. Here, we investigated the effect of lepirudin and dabigatran spiked to platelets from healthy volunteers on GPIbα-mediated platelet aggregation and agglutination. Ristocetin/von Willebrand factor (vWF)-induced aggregation of platelets in the presence or absence of plasma was significantly inhibited by lepirudin, dabigatran and D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine chloromethyl ketone (PPACK). However, ristocetin/vWF-mediated platelet agglutination and binding of vWF to platelets were not affected by the DTIs. The anti-aggregatory effect was confirmed by using the GPIbα-specific agonist echicetin beads for human and murine platelets. DTIs diminished echicetin beads-induced Syk Y352 phosphorylation (used here as readout for an early signal occurring during echicetin-induced platelet aggregation), but did not inhibit adenosine diphosphate- or thromboxane A2-induced platelet aggregation. Thrombin was not generated in response to ristocetin/vWF or echicetin beads and therefore did not explain the inhibitory effect of the DTIs. Therapeutic concentration of lepirudin and dabigatran did not affect significantly platelet vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein S239 phosphorylation or cGMP and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. These data suggest that the DTIs, lepirudin and dabigatran, impair platelet activation measured during platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin/vWF or echicetin beads.
Presence of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase, CTX-M-65 in Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis Isolated from Children with Diarrhea in Lima, Peru
Authors: Granda Ana , Riveros Maribel , Martínez-Puchol Sandra , Ocampo Karen , Laureano-Adame Laura , Corujo Alfredo , Reyes Isabel , Ruiz Joaquim , Ochoa Theresa J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGastroenteritis in children is a serious condition in many parts of the world. Salmonella enterica is one of the causes of the disease. In this study, 280 fecal samples from children with diarrhea in four hospitals in Lima, Peru, were collected between September 2012 and March 2013. Salmonella was detected in 26 of the samples. Serotyping demonstrated that 25 of the isolates were S. enterica Infantis, and one isolate was S. enterica Typhimurium. Repetitive extragenic palindromic–polymerase chain reaction analysis suggests that all S. Infantis belong to the same clone. All but one of the S. Infantis isolates exhibited an extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotype as they harbored bla
CTX-M 65. Two strains also carried bla
TEM-1. Nine of the isolates were resistant to azithromycin and two to ciprofloxacin. This study demonstrates that a multidrug-resistant S. Infantis clone carrying bla
CTX-M 65 was circulating among children in Lima, Peru. The development of molecular epidemiology studies in Salmonella-causing diarrhea or other pathologies in Lima and in other areas will be useful to determine the permanence, geographical spread, and clinical implications of this clone.
An Overview of Robotics in Functional Neurosurgery
Authors: Vazhayil Vikas , Rao Madhav , Beniwal Manish , Sadashiva Nishanth , Lakshmi Narasinga , Somanna Sampath 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStereotactic techniques are used in a wide range of neurosurgical procedures. The procedures demand a high degree of spatial accuracy and minimal error. There are diverse functional surgeries that require stereotactic procedures, including deep brain stimulation, brain biopsies, and epilepsy procedures. Though the disease processes are diverse, all these procedures require accurate targeting of deep structures without visual guidance. The use of robots for stereotactic procedures is a natural progression in the surgeon's quest for higher accuracy and lower complications. This paper reviews the role of robots in stereotactic procedures and outlines current status of robots in stereotactic procedures. The shortcomings of current systems and an outline of an ideal stereotactic device are presented.
Unifying photocycle model for light adaptation and temporal evolution of cation conductance in channelrhodopsin-2
Authors: Kuhne Jens , Vierock Johannes , Tennigkeit Stefan Alexander , Dreier Max-Aylmer , Wietek Jonas , Petersen Dennis , Gavriljuk Konstantin , El-Mashtoly Samir F. , Hegemann Peter , Gerwert Klaus 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Understanding the mechanisms of photoactivated biological processes facilitates the development of new molecular tools, engineered for specific optogenetic applications, allowing the control of neuronal activity with light. Here, we use a variety of experimental and theoretical techniques to examine the precise nature of the light-activated ion channel in one of the most important molecular species used in optogenetics, channelrhodopsin-2. Existing models for the photochemical and photophysical pathway after light absorption by the molecule fail to explain many aspects of its observed behavior, including the inactivation of the photocurrent under continuous illumination. We resolve this by proposing a branched photocycle explaining electrical and photochemical channel properties and establishing the structure of intermediates during channel turnover.
Sideways and stable crack propagation in a silicone elastomer
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Pharr Matt 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Soft materials exhibit fundamentally different fracture characteristics from other materials, and as such represent an open and fascinating research area. Herein, we have discovered a form of fracture in soft elastomers that we call “sideways cracking” in which cracks propagate perpendicular to their “standard” trajectory. These sideways cracks stably arrest, thereby allowing the material ahead of the crack to continue to sustain large loads. As such, understanding this phenomenon may enable the engineering of highly robust and stretchable materials. To explain this behavior, we perform mechanics-based analyses and substantiate a hypothesis that this behavior stems from structural rearrangement of polymer chains during stretching. Overall, this paper provides fundamental mechanical insight into basic phenomena associated with fracture of elastomers.
Large bandgap of pressurized trilayer graphene
Authors: Ke Feng , Chen Yabin , Yin Ketao , Yan Jiejuan , Zhang Hengzhong , Liu Zhenxian , Tse John S. , Wu Junqiao , Mao Ho-kwang , Chen Bin 
Published: April 2019

Significance
The remarkable physical properties of graphene make it a marvel of materials science. However, the gapless character of graphene makes it impossible to be a strong contender for postsilicon electronics. Opening a sizable bandgap in graphene is hence highly desired. We developed a microwiring technique for high-pressure electrical measurement on nanomaterials with only a few layers. Through in situ electrical and absorption studies we demonstrate that an intrinsic bandgap of 2.5 eV is achievable in compressed Bernal-stacked trilayer graphene. The realization of a wide bandgap in compressed graphene stimulates explorations for the practical application of carbon-based electronic devices.
Alarmone Ap4A is elevated by aminoglycoside antibiotics and enhances their bactericidal activity
Authors: Ji Xia , Zou Jin , Peng Haibo , Stolle Anne-Sophie , Xie Ruiqiang , Zhang Hongjie , Peng Bo , Mekalanos John J. , Zheng Jun 
Published: April 2019

Significance
This paper demonstrates that aminoglycoside antibiotics induce the production of the Ap4A in bacteria. Increased intracellular Ap4A, in turn, promotes bacterial cell killing by this class of antibiotics, which correlated well with elevated damage to the bacterial membrane upon aminoglycoside treatment. These findings reveal a striking connection between aminoglycoside killing and the Ap4A production particularly under conditions of oxidative stress. Importantly, the results of this study suggest that targeting Ap4A degradation or inducing its hypersynthesis during therapy with aminoglycosides might help solve the well-known toxicity issue associated with this class of antibiotics by reducing the level of drug needed for effective treatment.
Hydrogen bonding steers the product selectivity of electrocatalytic CO reduction
Authors: Li Jingyi , Li Xiang , Gunathunge Charuni M. , Waegele Matthias M. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Many technologically interesting electrocatalytic reactions lead to a variety of products; that is, they exhibit poor product selectivity. Examples include the oxidations of ammonia and methane and the reductions of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The poor selectivity hinders the adoption of these promising technologies. Improving the selectivity requires a molecular-level understanding of the factors that control these reaction processes. Herein, we investigated how the liquid reaction environment impacts the selectivity of the reduction of CO to ethylene, a prototypical process for multielectron–proton transfer reactions. We show that the intermolecular interaction between surface-adsorbed CO and interfacial water is critical for the formation of ethylene. This mechanistic insight is expected to guide the design of electrocatalytic interfaces with high product selectivity.
Delta-secretase-cleaved Tau antagonizes TrkB neurotrophic signalings, mediating Alzheimer’s disease pathologies
Authors: Xiang Jie , Wang Zhi-Hao , Ahn Eun Hee , Liu Xia , Yu Shan-Ping , Manfredsson Fredric P. , Sandoval Ivette M. , Ju Gong , Wu Shengxi , Ye Keqiang 
Published: April 2019

Significance
BDNF is important in neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. BDNF level reduction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is well documented, but it remains unclear whether BDNF deficiency contributes to AD pathology. We show that BDNF deprivation provokes asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) activation via reducing δ-secretase (AEP) T322 phosphorylation by Akt and subsequently cleaves Tau at N368 residue and enhances its binding with TrkB receptors, blocking the neurotrophic signals. Our data demonstrate that AEP-cleaved Tau N368 interacting with TrkB might account for BDNF reduction-triggered AD pathologies.
Expeditious, scalable solution growth of metal oxide films by combustion blade coating for flexible electronics
Authors: Wang Binghao , Guo Peijun , Zeng Li , Yu Xia , Sil Aritra , Huang Wei , Leonardi Matthew J. , Zhang Xinan , Wang Gang , Lu Shaofeng , Chen Zhihua , Bedzyk Michael J. , Schaller Richard D. , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Solution-processing metal oxide (MO) films at low temperature enables their integration in mechanically flexible and inexpensive substrates for unconventional optoelectronics. However, temperature reduction has not been accompanied by a corresponding reduction in film-processing time, which remains far greater than acceptable for efficient/continuous additive manufacturing as in typical fabrication lines. Here, we report a highly efficient cofuel-assisted combustion process, which involves introducing both a fluorinated fuel and a preannealing step, that achieves ultrafast reaction and metal–oxygen–metal (M-O-M) lattice condensation within 10–60 s for several MO semiconductors and aluminum oxide dielectric. The resulting MO transistors exhibit high carrier mobility, excellent bias stability, and good flexibility.
An Ontological Justification for Contextual Authenticity
Authors: Moruzzi Caterina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this paper I defend a contextualist interpretation of authenticity in musical performance: we judge a performance as authentic not in respect of a stable set of requirements but according to contextually determined factors. This solution is the natural outcome of an independently supported ontological account of musical works: Musical Stage Theory. The aim of the paper is to give new momentum to the debate concerning the notion of authenticity and to challenge a monistic interpretation of authenticity: there is not one authenticity but many.
Autochthony and space in communal war: Citizenship, conflicts, and infrastructure provision in Jos, Central Nigeria
Authors: Nnabuihe Onyekachi E 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Since the 1990s, there has been an upsurge in conflicts of autochthony in several parts of the world. Autochthony invokes a sense of a politics of belonging and an attachment to the land. In Nigeria, the phenomenon raises questions of citizenship and can reinforce exclusionary practices which in turn provoke widespread violence between different Nigerian populations. Infrastructure provision in a communal conflict environment is a critical element of autochthony struggle, which has yet to be fully explored. Relying on archival sources, focus group discussions, interviews and observation, this article interrogates how the interactions between autochthony and space stimulates communal conflicts and affect infrastructure provision in Jos, Nigeria. The article focuses on how the ‘Black September’ incident in 2001 and its aftermath in Jos has defined citizenship. It argues that the politics of belonging is embedded in infrastructure provision, and understanding this relationship is crucial to understanding and addressing the conflicts in Jos and beyond.
Feasibility and Determinants of Orthostatic Hypotension Self-measurement at Home in an Elderly Community-Dwelling Population
Authors: Cohen Adrien , Vidal Jean-Sébastien , Roca Frédéric , Rananja Hanta , Hernandorena Intza , Coude du Foresto Laurent , Seux Marie-Laure , Rigaud Anne-Sophie , Hanon Olivier , Duron Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) measurement reproducibility is poor. Our objectives were to assess feasibility of self-detection home-measured OH (HOH) and HOH determinants.

METHODS
Subjects older than 65 years, attending a geriatric outpatient clinic, able to understand the HOH protocol: 3 blood pressure (BP) measures after 5 minutes of seating and BP measures after 1 and 3 minutes of standing, each morning and evening for 3 consecutive days were lent a validated digital automatic sphygmomanometer. Reports containing at least 4 correct measurements were deemed a success. Factors associated with HOH were studied.

RESULTS
HOH feasibility was 82.8% (241 subjects) with no difference between participants who failed or succeeded. Among the 241 subjects (mean age (SD) = 78.0 (8.3) years old; 62.1% of women), 139 were free of HOH, 70 had 1 HOH episode and 32 had 2 or more HOH episodes. Hypertension, dementia, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and heart failure were found in 70.0%, 10.4%, 9.4%, 8.8%, and 3.4% of cases, respectively. Subjects were treated with antihypertensive, benzodiazepine, statin medication in 47.3%, 9.3%, 7.4% of cases, respectively, and 42.4% experienced polypharmacy. HOH episodes were associated with dementia (P = 0.01), presence of OH during the geriatric outpatient clinic assessment (P = 0.0002), statin therapy (P = 0.04), and polypharmacy (P = 0.0002). In multivariate analysis, benzodiazepine (OR (95% CI) = 2.59 (1.10–6.08) and statin medication (OR (95% CI) = 1.92 (1.10–3.33)) remained significantly associated with HOH.

CONCLUSIONS
HOH had a good feasibility and relevant determinants. A study to address the predictive value of HOH will be conducted.
icHET: interactive visualization of cytoplasmic heteroplasmy
Authors: Phan Vinhthuy , Pham Diem-Trang , Melton Caroline , Ramsey Adam J , Daigle Bernie J , Mandel Jennifer R 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Summary
Although heteroplasmy has been studied extensively in animal systems, there is a lack of tools for analyzing, exploring and visualizing heteroplasmy at the genome-wide level in other taxonomic systems. We introduce icHET, which is a computational workflow that produces an interactive visualization that facilitates the exploration, analysis and discovery of heteroplasmy across multiple genomic samples. icHET works on short reads from multiple samples from any organism with an organellar reference genome (mitochondrial or plastid) and a nuclear reference genome.

Availability and implementation
The software is available at https://github.com/vtphan/HeteroplasmyWorkflow.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Predicted dynamical couplings of protein residues characterize catalysis, transport and allostery
Authors: Alfayate Alvaro , Rodriguez Caceres Carlos , Gomes Dos Santos Helena , Bastolla Ugo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Protein function is intrinsically linked to native dynamics, but the systematic characterization of functionally relevant dynamics remains elusive besides specific examples. Here we exhaustively characterize three types of dynamical couplings between protein residues: co-directionality (moving along collinear directions), coordination (small fluctuations of the interatomic distance) and deformation (the extent by which perturbations applied at one residue modify the local structure of the other one), which we analytically compute through the torsional network model.

Results
We find that ligand binding sites are characterized by large within-site coordination and co-directionality, much larger than expected for generic sets of residues with equivalent sequence distances. In addition, catalytic sites are characterized by high coordination couplings with other residues in the protein, supporting the view that the overall protein structure facilitates the catalytic dynamics. The binding sites of allosteric effectors are characterized by comparably smaller coordination and higher within-site deformation than other ligands, which supports their dynamic nature. Allosteric inhibitors are coupled to the active site more frequently through deformation than through coordination, while the contrary holds for activators. We characterize the dynamical couplings of the sodium-dependent Leucine transporter protein (LeuT). The couplings between and within sites progress consistently along the transport cycle, providing a mechanistic description of the coupling between the uptake and release of ions and substrate, and they highlight qualitative differences between the wild-type and a mutant for which chloride is necessary for transport.

Availability and implementation
The program tnm is freely available at https://github.com/ugobas/tnm

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.