bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human TP53 gene polymorphisms among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis B in Kenya
Authors: Ochwoto Missiani , Oduma Colins O. , Oyugi Julius , Mwaengo Dufton , Ondigo Bartholomew N. , Kimotho James H. , Maiyo Alex K. , Nyangacha Ruth M. , Chesumbai Gladys , Songok Elijah 
Published: August 2019

Background: Human TP53 is the gatekeeper for generation of human cells and is highly conserved. Any alteration/mutation to TP53 adversely affects the regulatory function of the protein, potentially resulting in cancer. This study investigated mutations in codons 7 and 249 of TP53, among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret, Kenya. Methods: In total, 33 HBV-positive patients attending MTRH hospital between September 2013 and July 2017 were purposely selected from medical records for the study; those with HCC were confirmed from the cancer registry. The patients were aged between 25-67 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. Blood samples were collected from the patients. DNA was extracted, amplified and sequenced using TP53 forward and reverse primers. Gene mutation detection and analysis was done on exons 4 and 7 Results: Of the 33 patients, 75.8% were chronically infected with HBV and had HCC; the rest were HBsAg positive without HCC. Homozygous proline was prevalent (54.5%) at exon 4 codon 72, followed by heterozygous Arg/Pro (33.3%) and lastly homozygous Arg/Arg (12.1%,). Pro/Pro allele was frequent in HCC group while Arg/Arg allele was common in patients without HCC. There was no significant association between the HCC and codon polymorphisms (p=0.12). In exon 7, codon 249, 24.2% of patients had an Arg-Ser mutation of which, 75.0% had HCC and 25.0% did not. There was no significant association between HCC patients and codon 249 mutation (p=0.15). Conclusion: TP53 is a gene gate keeper, the mutations under study may dependently play a role in HCC development. This study did not find any association or clear mutational pattern between P53 mutations and HCC development. Therefore, TP53 mutation is a poor indicator for prognosis and a tumor’s biological behavior among HBV-positive subjects in Kenya.
Circulating Tumor Cells as a Prognostic Factor in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The CIRCUTEC Prospective Study
Authors: Garrel Renaud , Mazel Martine , Perriard Françoise , Vinches Marie , Cayrefourcq Laure , Guigay Joël , Digue Laurence , Aubry Karine , Alfonsi Marc , Delord Jean-Pierre , Lallemant Benjamin , Even Caroline , Daurès Jean-Pierre , Landais Paul , Cupissol Didier , Alix-Panabières Catherine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
This prospective multicenter study evaluated the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in relapsing nonoperable or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rHNSCC) treated by chemotherapy and cetuximab.

METHODS
In 65 patients suitable for analyses, peripheral blood was taken at day 0 (D0) D7, and D21 of treatment for CTC detection by CellSearch®, EPISPOT, and flow cytometry (FCM). Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed with the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log-rank test (P &lt; 0.05).

RESULTS
At D0, CTCs were detected with EPISPOT, CellSearch, and FCM in 69% (45/65), 21% (12/58), and 11% (7/61) of patients, respectively. In the patients tested with all 3 methods, EPISPOT identified 92% (36/39), 92% (35/38), and 90% (25/28) of all positive samples at D0, D7, and D21, respectively. Median PFS time was significantly lower in (a) patients with increasing or stable CTC counts (36/54) from D0 to D7 with EPISPOTEGFR (3.9 vs 6.2 months; 95% CI, 5.0–6.9; P = 0.0103) and (b) patients with ≥1 CTC detected with EPISPOT or CellSearch® (37/51) (P = 0.0311), EPISPOT or FCM (38/54) (P = 0.0480), and CellSearch or FCM (11/51) (P = 0.0005) at D7.

CONCLUSIONS
CTCs can be detected before and during chemotherapy in patients with rHNSCC. D0–D7 CTC kinetics evaluated with EPISPOTEGFR are associated with the response to treatment. This study indicates that CTCs can be used as a real-time liquid biopsy to monitor the early response to chemotherapy in rHNSCC.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT02119559
A Avaliação da Atenção Primária: um olhar preliminar através do PCATool em Manaus, Amazonas
Authors: De Araújo Vieira Sá Lenice Ypiranga Benevides 
Published: August 2019

Motivação:
Este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar os atributos da atenção primária à saúde sob a perspectiva dos usuários do sistema de saúde pública no município de Manaus (AM).

Método:
Realizou-se um estudo transversal, descritivo com uma população de 395 usuários cadastrados e atendidos pelas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família nas unidades básicas de saúde, os quais responderam com o uso do instrumento PCATool-Brasil (versão adultos) e a um questionário sociodemográfico.

Resultados:
Os atributos da acessibilidade, integralidade, orientação comunitária obtiveram médias de escores baixos. O Escore Geral, mensurado pela média do Escore Essencial e do Escore Derivado, superou o ponte de corte de 6,6. A média do Escore Essencial foi de 7,16.

Conclusões:
Os serviços e ações de saúde em Manaus de maneira geral possuem alto grau de orientação à Atenção Primária à Saúde, embora dois atributos essenciais e um atributo derivado possuam indicadores que necessitam ser melhorados.
Educação permanente em saúde e modelo assistencial: correlações no cotidiano do serviço na Atenção Primária a Saúde
Authors: Costa Campos Kátia Ferreira , Marques Rita De Cássia , Ceccim Ricardo Burg , Silva Kênia Lara 
Published: August 2019

Motivação:
No Brasil, para a qualificação profissional em um modelo que atenda às necessidades de saúde dos usuários, fez-se uma aposta na Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS). Pretendeu-se, a partir da análise do cotidiano de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), responder quais as correlações da EPS com as mudanças no modelo assistencial. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral foi analisar o cotidiano de serviço na UBS, identificando mudanças na atenção ao usuário, proporcionadas pela EPS.

Método:
O cenário foi uma unidade básica de saúde do município de Belo Horizonte. Os participantes foram os trabalhadores e os usuários da unidade. O referencial de análise foi a abordagem do cotidiano de Agnes Heller. Os dados foram submetidos à análise crítica de discurso. Foram realizadas 30 entrevistas em profundidade, 25 com trabalhadores e 05 com usuários, resultando num total de 22h de entrevistas.

Resultados:
Os resultados evidenciaram forças potenciais dos trabalhadores e usuários, para colaborar na mudança de modelo assistencial, revelando a busca pela centralidade dos usuários na coordenação da atenção à saúde e a priorização das tecnologias leves nas práticas de cuidado.

Conclusões:
Concluiu-se que são necessários mais investimentos nos processos de educação permanente em saúde e que o reconhecimento do cotidiano como espaço para reflexões e análises é capaz de provocar desacomodação e superação crítica, abrindo espaço para novas práticas sociais e de cuidado na Atenção Primária à Saúde.
Transcriptomic Signatures of Postnatal and Adult Intrinsically Photosensitive Ganglion Cells
Authors: Berg Daniel J. , Kartheiser Katherine , Leyrer Megan , Saali Alexandra , Berson David M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are rare mammalian photoreceptors essential for non-image-forming vision functions, such as circadian photoentrainment and the pupillary light reflex. They comprise multiple subtypes distinguishable by morphology, physiology, projections, and levels of expression of melanopsin (Opn4), their photopigment. The molecular programs that distinguish ipRGCs from other ganglion cells and ipRGC subtypes from one another remain elusive. Here, we present comprehensive gene expression profiles of early postnatal and adult mouse ipRGCs purified from two lines of reporter mice that mark different sets of ipRGC subtypes. We find dozens of novel genes highly enriched in ipRGCs. We reveal thatRasgrp1andTbx20are selectively expressed in subsets of ipRGCs, though these molecularly defined groups imperfectly match established ipRGC subtypes. We demonstrate that the ipRGCs regulating circadian photoentrainment are diverse at the molecular level. Our findings reveal unexpected complexity in gene expression patterns across mammalian ipRGC subtypes.
Sex Differences and Effects of Predictive Cues on Delayed Punishment Discounting
Authors: Liley Anna E. , Gabriel Daniel B. K. , Sable Helen J. , Simon Nicholas W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe majority of the research studying punishment has focused on an aversive stimulus delivered immediately after an action. However, in real-world decision-making, negative consequences often occur long after a decision has been made. This can engender myopic decisions that fail to appropriately respond to consequences. Whereas discounting of delayed rewards has been well studied in both human and animal models, systematic discounting of delayed consequences remains largely unexplored. To address this gap in the literature, we developed the delayed punishment decision-making task. Rats chose between a small, single-pellet reinforcer and a large, three-pellet reinforcer accompanied by a mild foot shock. The shock was preceded by a delay, which systematically increased throughout the session (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 s). On average, rats discounted the negative value of delayed punishment, as indicated by increased choice of the large, punished reward as the delay preceding the shock lengthened. Female rats discounted delayed punishment less than males, and this behavior was not influenced by estrous cycling. The addition of a cue light significantly decreased the undervaluation of delayed consequences for both sexes. Finally, there was no correlation between the discounting of delayed punishments and a traditional reward delay discounting task for either sex. These data indicate that the ability of punishment to regulate decision-making is attenuated when punishment occurs later in time. This task provides an avenue for exploration of the neural circuitry underlying the devaluation of delayed punishment and may assist in developing treatments for substance use disorders.
Prognostic usefulness of ACTH in the postoperative period of Cushing’s disease
Authors: Abellán-Galiana Pablo , Fajardo-Montañana Carmen , Riesgo-Suárez Pedro , Pérez-Bermejo Marcelino , Ríos-Pérez Celia , Gómez-Vela José 
Published: August 2019

Objectives
To analyze the usefulness of plasma ACTH in predicting CD remission after surgery and to evaluate the prognostic usefulness of ACTH measurement after the cortisol and ACTH nadir (48 h prior to discharge).

Design
A prospective study was made of 65 patients with CD operated upon between 2005 and 2016.

Methods
Postsurgery plasma ACTH and cortisol were measured every 6 h, in the absence of corticosteroid coverage. Hydrocortisone was started in the presence of adrenal insufficiency or cortisol <55.2 nmol/L. Plasma ACTH was again determined before discharge.

Main outcome measure
Usefulness of plasma ACTH in predicting CD remission.

Results
Remission at 3 months of CD was achieved in 56 of 65 cases, with late recurrence in 18 of 58 cases. Following resection, the ACTH nadir was significantly lower referred to late remission (2.8 vs 6.5 pmol/L; P = 0.031) and higher for recurrence (2.1 vs 4.8 pmol/L; P < 0.001), and identical results were obtained for the ACTH values before discharge. In the analysis of the ROC curves, nadir and before discharge ACTH values <1.9 pmol/L and <2.6 pmol/L were respectively indicative of early remission (AUC 0.827; P < 0.001); <6.2 pmol/L of remission at 3 months (AUC 0.847; P = 0.001) and >3.2 pmol/L of recurrence (AUC 0.810; P < 0.001) in both ACTH values. A time to ACTH nadir <46 h was indicative of early remission (AUC 0.751; P = 0.001), while a time >39 h was indicative of recurrence (AUC 0.773; P = 0.001).

Conclusions
We propose an ACTH value <3.3 pmol/L as a good long-term prognostic marker in the postoperative period of CD. Reaching the ACTH nadir in less time is associated to a lesser recurrence rate.
Simvastatin downregulates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and orbital fibroblasts from Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients
Authors: Shahida B , Johnson P Sahlstrand , Jain R , Brorson H , Åsman P , Lantz M , Planck T 
Published: August 2019

Background
Smoking is a strong risk factor for the development of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). Immediate early genes (IEGs) are overexpressed in patients with active GO compared to healthy controls. The aim of this study was to study the effects of tobacco smoking and simvastatin on preadipocytes and orbital fibroblasts (OFs) in the adipogenic process.

Methods
Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was generated by a validated pump system. Mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes or OFs were exposed to 10% CSE with or without simvastatin. Gene expression was studied in preadipocytes and OFs exposed to CSE with or without simvastatin and compared to unexposed cells or cells treated with a differentiation cocktail.

Results
In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, Cyr61, Ptgs2, Egr1 and Zfp36 expression levels were two-fold higher in cells exposed to CSE than in unexposed cells. Simvastatin downregulated the expression of these genes (1.6-fold, 5.5-fold, 3.3-fold, 1.4-fold, respectively). CSE alone could not stimulate preadipocytes to differentiate. Scd1, Ppar-γ and adipogenesis were downregulated in simvastatin-treated preadipocytes compared to nontreated preadipocytes 18-, 35- and 1.7-fold, respectively. In OFs, similar effects of CSE were seen on the expression of CYR61 (1.4-fold) and PTGS2 (3-fold). Simvastatin downregulated adipogenesis, PPAR-γ (2-fold) and SCD (27-fold) expression in OFs.

Conclusion
CSE upregulated early adipogenic genes in both mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and human OFs but did not by itself induce adipogenesis. Simvastatin inhibited the expression of both early and late adipogenic genes and adipogenesis in preadipocytes and human OFs. The effect of simvastatin should be investigated in a clinical trial of patients with GO.
Best Prediction of the Additive Genomic Variance in Random-Effects Models
Authors: Schreck Nicholas , Piepho Hans-Peter , Schlather Martin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The additive genomic variance in linear models with random marker effects can be defined as a random variable that is in accordance with classical quantitative genetics theory. Common approaches to estimate the genomic variance in random-effects linear models based on genomic marker data can be regarded as estimating the unconditional (or prior) expectation of this random additive genomic variance, and result in a negligence of the contribution of linkage disequilibrium (LD). We introduce a novel best prediction (BP) approach for the additive genomic variance in both the current and the base population in the framework of genomic prediction using the genomic best linear unbiased prediction (gBLUP) method. The resulting best predictor is the conditional (or posterior) expectation of the additive genomic variance when using the additional information given by the phenotypic data, and is structurally in accordance with the genomic equivalent of the classical additive genetic variance in random-effects models. In particular, the best predictor includes the contribution of (marker) LD to the additive genomic variance and possibly fully eliminates the missing contribution of LD that is caused by the assumptions of statistical frameworks such as the random-effects model. We derive an empirical best predictor (eBP) and compare its performance with common approaches to estimate the additive genomic variance in random-effects models on commonly used genomic datasets.
Exponential synchronization for reaction-diffusion neural networks with mixed time-varying delays via periodically intermittent control
Authors: Gan Qintao , Zhang Hong , Dong Jun 
Published: August 2019

This paper deals with the exponential synchronization problem for reaction-diffusion neural networks with mixed time-varying delays and stochastic disturbance. By using stochastic analysis approaches and constructing a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, a periodically intermittent controller is first proposed to guarantee the exponential synchronization of reaction-diffusion neural networks with mixed time-varying delays and stochastic disturbance in terms of p-norm. The obtained synchronization results are easy to check and improve upon the existing ones. Particularly, the traditional assumptions on control width and time-varying delays are removed in this paper. This paper also presents two illustrative examples and uses simulated results of these examples to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Particle swarm optimization for linear support vector machines based classifier selection
Authors: Garšva Gintautas , Danėnas Paulius 
Published: August 2019

Particle swarm optimization is a metaheuristic technique widely applied to solve various optimization problems as well as parameter selection problems for various classification techniques. This paper presents an approach for linear support vector machines classifier optimization combining its selection from a family of similar classifiers with parameter optimization. Experimental results indicate that proposed heuristics can help obtain competitive or even better results compared to similar techniques and approaches and can be used as a solver for various classification tasks.
Identification of fast-changing signals by means of adaptive chaotic transformations
Authors: Berezowski Marek , Lawnik Marcin 
Published: August 2019

The adaptive approach of strongly non-linear fast-changing signals identification is discussed. The approach is devised by adaptive sampling based on chaotic mapping “in yourself” of a signal. Presented sampling way may be utilized online in the automatic control of chemical reactor (throughout identification of concentrations and temperature oscillations in real-time), in medicine (throughout identification of ECG and EEG signals in real-time), etc. In this paper, we presented it to identify the Weierstrass function and ECG signal.
On the approximation of the set of trajectories of control system described by a Volterra integral equation
Authors: Huseyin Anar 
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the set of trajectories of the control system described by a nonlinear Volterra integral equation is studied. It is assumed that the set of admissible control functions is the closed ball of the space Lp, p > 1, with radius µ and centered at the origin. It is shown that the sections of the set of trajectories can be approximated by the sections of trajectories, generated by the mixed constrained and Lipschitz continuous control functions, the Lipschitz constant of which is bounded.
Grid multi-wing butterfly chaotic attractors generated from a new 3-D quadratic autonomous system
Authors: Luo Xiaowen , Wang Chunhua , Wan Zhao 
Published: August 2019

Due to the dynamic characteristics of the Lorenz system, multi-wing chaotic systems are still confined in the positive half-space and fail to break the threshold limit. In this paper, a new approach for generating complex grid multi-wing attractors that can break the threshold limit via a novel nonlinear modulating function is proposed from the firstly proposed double-wing chaotic system. The proposed method is different from that of classical multi-scroll chaotic attractors generated by odd-symmetric multi-segment linear functions from Chua system. The new system is autonomous and can generate various grid multi-wing butterfly chaotic attractors without requiring any external forcing, it also can produce grid multi-wing both on the xz-plane and yz-plane. Basic properties of the new system such as dissipation property, equilibrium, stability, the Lyapunov exponent spectrum and bifurcation diagram are introduced by numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and circuit experiment, which confirm that the multi-wing attractors chaotic system has more rich and complicated chaotic dynamics. Finally, a novel module-based unified circuit is designed which provides some principles and guidelines for future circuitry design and engineering application. The circuit experimental results are consistent with the numerical simulation results.
The Category of Generation in Polish Linguistic Studies (Current Status and Perspectives)
Authors: Ruszkowski Marek 
Published: August 2019

In linguistic studies, a generation is understood as “a group of people who are more or less the same age (Dubisz red. 2003, t. 3: 298 )”. It is assumed that the linguistic memory, the knowledge of linguistic conventions, the ability to take notice of nuances in one's language is the only and unique cultural heritage that is difficult to learn and is passed from generation to generation, albeit with smaller or bigger modifications. Such modifications are the reason why the language is differentiated in generational terms, and it is the age that plays the principal role in that differentiation. Apart from the biological criterion, the geographic one, that is the area of a specific region, determinates the distinct features in the speech of generations. The analysis of differences in speech of generations allows determining the direction, nature, pace, mechanism of and reasons for linguistic changes. Generally, scientists focus on phonetic, lexical, and morphological differences shown in the language spoken by people from different generations.
In Poland, the studies of differences in the speech of generations are at an introductory stage. The reconnaissance of the research area has been carried out, and basic determinations have been made, but the scope of analysis seems to be too narrow. A research perspective would be to use the quantitative indicators that are showing now and will show in the future that the common sense assumptions about specific frequency ratios between parts of speech, an increase in complexity of utterances and their lexical wealth concurrent with age does not need to be corroborated by empirical research. It is also advisable to analyse the differences in speech of one generation, especially the medium-age or old-age generation, in terms of sex, education, living, and other possible parameters. It will give the answer to the question to what extent the speech of people from a specific generation is a linguistic monolith, and to what extent it is a collection of idiolects.
The Characteristics of Adjective Usage in the Language of Advertisements
Authors: Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė Laura , Nenartavičiūtė Skaistė 
Published: August 2019

The objectives of the study were to identify the semantic groups of the adjectives incorporated into the advertisements and to discuss the relationship between the adjective usage and manipulation strategy of the advertisements. A total number of 400 advertisements (totally 853 adjectives) have been taken from the newspapers Kauno diena, 15 min, Vakaro žinios and magazines Žmonės, Psichologija tau, Panelė, Cosmopolitan, Autocar, and Keturi ratai.
The analysis revealed that most often the adjectives in the advertisements have the meanings of value, quality, and physical property. The general conclusion of this study is that advertisements in magazines are conveying information about gender differences through their language. The advertisers’ objective is to cater to women and men’s separate interests and their desires. The language used in male advertisements with fewer modifiers seems to be tougher and more straightforward, while the language in female magazines is more colourful. The adjectives used in male advertisements are precise and concrete; whereas, for female viewers – hyperbolised. They usually emphasize emotions, feelings, and femininity.The analysis of adjectives in the advertisements has shown that advertising does not only form stereotypes and images, but as well reflect peculiarities of contemporary world, consumer behaviour, and their specific features.