bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water soluble polymeric nanofibres for rapid flocculation and enhanced dewatering of mature fine tailings
Authors: Afacan Christopher , Narain Ravin , Soares João B. P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWater‐soluble polymer flocculants have been used to efficiently release entrapped water in oil sands tailings by bridging fine particles to create large heavier flocs which can then settle faster and release water more efficiently. Due to their initial interaction with the fine particles suspended in tailings, polymer nanofibres may perform better than their parent polymers because of the entire surface of the nanofibres being fully accessible to the fine particles. In this work, commercially available poly(acrylamide‐co‐diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) was chosen as a basis for this study. Initial settling rate, supernatant turbidity, water recovery, capillary suction time, and solids content were measured to determine the effect of polymer nanofibres on solid‐liquid separation. The solid forms of the polymer (either as nanofibre or powder) perform better than the polymer solution in each test, with optimum dosages of 5 wt% mature fine tailings (MFT) loading. Nanofibres could achieve settling rates of 60 m/h, while the other forms were only able to achieve 42 m/h. Additionally, the turbidity of the supernatant obtained after flocculation with nanofibres was 15 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), while the polymer solution and powder produced turbidites of 162 NTU and 70 NTU, respectively. In addition, polymer nanofibres and powders generated larger flocs compared to the polymer solution, which produced small, homogenized flocs.
Stakeholder perspectives on addressing adverse events from adjuvant cancer therapy: A qualitative study
Authors: Pettit Syril D. , Silberman Pamela , Hassmiller Lich Kristen , Kirch Rebecca A. , Lipshultz Steven E. , Teal Randall , Basch Ethan 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundWith increasing survival rates, a growing population of patients with cancer have received or will receive adjuvant therapy to prevent cancer recurrences. Patients and caregivers will confront the complexities of balancing the preventative benefits of adjuvant therapy with possible near‐term or long‐term adverse events (AEs). Adjuvant treatment–related AEs (from minimal to severe) can impact therapeutic adherence, quality of life, emotional and physical health, and survival. However, to the authors' knowledge, limited information is available regarding how stakeholders use or desire to use adjuvant‐related AE information to inform the care of patients with cancer.MethodsA qualitative, purposeful sampling approach was used to elicit stakeholder feedback via semistructured interviews (24 interviews). Drug development, drug regulatory, clinical, payer, and patient/patient advocacy stakeholders were questioned about the generation, dissemination, and use of adjuvant treatment–related AE information to inform the care of patients with cancer. Transcripts were coded independently by 2 senior health care researchers and reconciled to identify key themes.ResultsAll stakeholder groups in the current study identified needed improvements in each of the following 4 areas: 1) improving the accessibility and relevance of AE‐related information; 2) better integrating and implementing available information regarding AEs for decisions; 3) connecting contemporary cultural and economic value systems to the generation and use of information regarding adjuvant treatment–related AEs; and 4) addressing a lack of alignment and ownership of stakeholder efforts to improve the use of AE information in the adjuvant setting.ConclusionsDespite commonalities in the overall needs identified by the diverse stakeholders in the current study, broad systemic change has been stymied. The current study identified the lack of alignment and the absence of a central “owner” of these diffuse efforts as a previously unrecognized hurdle to realizing the desired systemic improvements. Future initiatives aimed at improving quality of life and outcomes for patients receiving adjuvant therapy through the improved use of AE information must address this challenge through innovative collectives and novel leadership strategies.
Second‐line chemotherapy in advanced biliary cancers: A retrospective, multicenter analysis of outcomes
Authors: Lowery Maeve A. , Goff Laura W. , Keenan Bridget P. , Jordan Emmet , Wang Rui , Bocobo Andrea G. , Chou Joanne F. , O’Reilly Eileen M. , Harding James J. , Kemeny Nancy , Capanu Marianela , Griffin Ann C. , McGuire Joseph , Venook Alan P. , Abou‐Alfa Ghassan K. , Kelley Robin K. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundAlthough gemcitabine plus platinum chemotherapy is the established first‐line regimen for advanced biliary cancer (ABC), there is no standard second‐line therapy. This study evaluated current practice and outcomes for second‐line chemotherapy in patients with ABC across 3 US academic medical centers.MethodsInstitutional registries were reviewed to identify patients who had received second‐line chemotherapy for ABC from April 2010 to March 2015 along with their demographics, diagnoses and staging, treatment histories, and clinical outcomes. Overall survival from the initiation of second‐line chemotherapy (OS2) was estimated with Kaplan‐Meier methods.ResultsThis study identified 198 patients with cholangiocarcinoma (intrahepatic [61.1%] or extrahepatic [14.1%]) or gallbladder carcinoma (24.8%); 52% received at least 3 lines of systemic chemotherapy. The median OS2 was 11 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.8‐13.1 months). The median OS2 for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was 13.4 months (95% CI, 10.7‐17.8 months), which was longer than that for patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (6.8 months; 95% CI, 5‐10.6 months) or gallbladder carcinoma (9.4 months; 95% CI, 7.2‐12.3 months; P = .018). The median time to second‐line treatment failure was 2.2 months (95% CI, 1.8‐2.7 months), and it was similar across tumor locations (P = .60).ConclusionsIn this large cohort of patients with ABC treated across 3 academic medical centers after the failure of first‐line chemotherapy, the time to treatment failure on standard therapies was short, although the median OS2 was longer than has been reported previously, and more than half of the patients received additional lines of treatment. This multicenter collaboration represents the largest cohort studied to date of second‐line chemotherapy for ABC and provides a contemporary benchmark for future clinical trials.
Regulation of hippocampal dendritic spines following sleep deprivation
Authors: Gisabella Barbara , Scammell Thomas , Bandaru Sathyajit S. , Saper Clifford B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence supports the role of sleep in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. One line of investigation, the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, has emphasized the increase in synaptic strength during waking, and compensatory downsizing of (presumably less frequently used) synapses during sleep. Conversely, other studies have reported downsizing and loss of dendritic spines following sleep deprivation. We wanted to determine the effect of sleep deprivation on dendritic spines of hippocampal CA1 neurons using genetic methods for fluorescent labeling of dendritic spines. Male Vglut2‐Cre mice were injected with an AAV‐DIO‐ChR2‐mCherry reporter in CA1 hippocampus. Gentle handling was used to sleep deprive mice for 5 hr, from lights on (7 am) to 12 noon. Control and sleep‐deprived mice were euthanized at 12 noon and processed for quantification of dendritic spines. We used confocal microscope imaging and three‐dimensional (3D) analysis to quantify thin, mushroom, and stubby spines from CA1 dendrites, distinguishing between branch segments. We observed significantly greater density of spines in CA1 of sleep‐deprived mice, driven primarily by greater numbers of thin spines, and significantly larger spine volume and head diameter. Branch and region‐specific analysis revealed that spine volume was greater in primary dendrites of apical and basal segments, along with proximal segments on both apical and basal dendrites, and spine density was increased in secondary branches and distal segments on apical dendrites following sleep deprivation. Our 3D quantification suggests sleep contributes to region‐ and branch‐specific synaptic downscaling in the hippocampus, supporting the theory of broad but selective synaptic downscaling during sleep.
Analysis of a coupled fluid‐structure interaction model of the left atrium and mitral valve
Authors: Feng Liuyang , Gao Hao , Griffith Boyce , Niederer Steven , Luo Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a coupled left atrium‐mitral valve model based on computed tomography scans with fibre‐reinforced hyperelastic materials. Fluid‐structure interaction is realised by using an immersed boundary‐finite element framework. Effects of pathological conditions, eg, mitral valve regurgitation and atrial fibrillation, and geometric and structural variations, namely, uniform vs non‐uniform atrial wall thickness and rule‐based vs atlas‐based fibre architectures, on the system are investigated. We show that in the case of atrial fibrillation, pulmonary venous flow reversal at late diastole disappears, and the filling waves at the left atrial appendage orifice during systole have reduced magnitude. In the case of mitral regurgitation, a higher atrial pressure and disturbed flows are seen, especially during systole, when a large regurgitant jet can be found with the suppressed pulmonary venous flow. We also show that both the rule‐based and atlas‐based fibre defining methods lead to similar flow fields and atrial wall deformations. However, the changes in wall thickness from non‐uniform to uniform tend to underestimate the atrial deformation. Using a uniform but thickened wall also lowers the overall strain level. The flow velocity within the left atrial appendage, which is important in terms of appendage thrombosis, increases with the thickness of the left atrial wall. Energy analysis shows that the kinetic and dissipation energies of the flow within the left atrium are altered differently by atrial fibrillation and mitral valve regurgitation, providing a useful indication of the atrial performance in pathological situations.
Facile Post‐Synthetic Modification of Amine‐Functionalized Metal‐Organic Frameworks to Integrate Visible‐Light Responsive Pt Complexes for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lionet Zakary , Kim Tae‐Ho , Horiuchi Yu , Lee Soo Wohn , Matsuoka Masaya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntegration of photocatalytic polypyridyl complexes inside metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) backbone has been so far mostly achieved by utilization of bipyridine dicarboxylic acid as a linker. This fact limits the possibility of hosts that can be used amongst the countless MOFs existing. In this study, by using UiO‐66‐NH2 as a stable platform, postsynthetic modification (PSM) of the amino groups in organic linkers with 2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde and K2PtCl4 was applied to create a N,N‐chelating ligand and simultaneous coordination of Pt2+ ions in a one‐pot approach. XAFS and 1H NMR analyses confirmed the creation of pyridylimine Pt(II) complexes. The composites showed viable activity towards photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction under visible light irradiation. Recyclability and leaching tests demonstrated their high stability and function as heterogeneous catalysts.
Andean colors: A colorimetric registration in pre‐Columbian textiles from Northern Chile
Authors: Hoces de la Guardia Soledad , Cárdenas Lina M. , Brugnoli Paulina , Jélvez Paulina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article shows the colorimetric data obtained from pre‐Columbian northern Chilean textiles and their subsequent analysis for the construction of a color chart. As part of a more extensive study investigating the fundamental pillars of the textile language associated with pre‐Columbian weaves, a registration of colorimetric data was carried out on 42 textile pieces with a total of 203 colors mostly provided by the Chilean Museum of Pre‐Columbian Art. The results are presented in terms of CIELAB coordinates. The colors obtained showed a considerable percentage of reds and browns. The recorded values can contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage and the esthetics of current Chilean identity as they can be used in new industries, contexts, and applications. Subsequently, the colorimetric data obtained could be transferred to other color systems, so that users from different sectors might have access to this cultural legacy, understanding the limitations of color production in mixed media.
Oxygen‐Tolerant Photochemically Induced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of the Renewable Monomer Tulipalin A
Authors: Zain Gamal , Bondarev Dmitrij , Doháňošová Jana , Mosnáček Jaroslav 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWell defined homopolymers and block copolymers from renewable monomer α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone (MBL) were prepared using photochemically induced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) in the presence of only 50–200 ppm of copper catalyst without the requirement of air removal from the polymerization mixture. The effect of solvent type and volume, ligand‐to‐copper ratio, catalyst concentration, ligand type, and the possible partial replacement of an expensive ligand with cheap simple amines, were investigated. The livingness of the oxygen‐tolerant photoATRP system was investigated by chain extension polymerization and the possibility to prepare block copolymers by chain extension of PMBL‐Br macroinitiator with methyl methacrylate (MMA) as well as by chain extension of PMMA‐Br macroinitiator with PMBL block was studied. It was shown that a concentration of catalyst as low as 50 ppm is sufficient to provide good control over the molecular characteristics and kinetics.
A bibliometric review of approaches to address conflicts in schools: Exploring the intellectual base
Authors: Hakvoort Ilse , Lindahl Jonas , Lundström Agneta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncreasing numbers of student teachers, teachers, and teacher educators require training in research‐based knowledge about how to address conflicts in schools. There are also increasing numbers of relevant publications, and hence, a perceived need to map influential theories, methods, and topics that shaped the field of research. To meet this need, a bibliometric study was conducted. The reviewed literature, 608 publications referring to studies by 197 influential authors, was subdivided into two periods: 1996–2010 and 2011–2015. The intellectual structure was examined by author co‐citation analysis. The findings indicate seven clusters of authors from period one and four from period two.
Detection error influences both temporal seroprevalence predictions and risk factors associations in wildlife disease models
Authors: Tabak Michael A. , Pedersen Kerri , Miller Ryan S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Understanding the prevalence of pathogens in invasive species is essential to guide efforts to prevent transmission to agricultural animals, wildlife, and humans. Pathogen prevalence can be difficult to estimate for wild species due to imperfect sampling and testing (pathogens may not be detected in infected individuals and erroneously detected in individuals that are not infected). The invasive wild pig (Sus scrofa, also referred to as wild boar and feral swine) is one of the most widespread hosts of domestic animal and human pathogens in North America.

We developed hierarchical Bayesian models that account for imperfect detection to estimate the seroprevalence of five pathogens (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, pseudorabies virus, Influenza A virus in swine, Hepatitis E virus, and Brucella spp.) in wild pigs in the United States using a dataset of over 50,000 samples across nine years. To assess the effect of incorporating detection error in models, we also evaluated models that ignored detection error. Both sets of models included effects of demographic parameters on seroprevalence. We compared our predictions of seroprevalence to 40 published studies, only one of which accounted for imperfect detection.

We found a range of seroprevalence among the pathogens with a high seroprevalence of pseudorabies virus, indicating significant risk to livestock and wildlife. Demographics had mostly weak effects, indicating that other variables may have greater effects in predicting seroprevalence.

Models that ignored detection error led to different predictions of seroprevalence as well as different inferences on the effects of demographic parameters.

Our results highlight the importance of incorporating detection error in models of seroprevalence and demonstrate that ignoring such error may lead to erroneous conclusions about the risk associated with pathogen transmission. When using opportunistic sampling data to model seroprevalence and evaluate risk factors, detection error should be included.
Urban forest fragments as unexpected sanctuaries for the rare endemic ghost butterfly from the Atlantic forest
Authors: de Andrade Antonio C. , Medeiros William , Adams Matthew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic land expansion, particularly urbanization, is pervasive, dramatically modifies the environment and is a major threat to wildlife with its associated environmental stressors. Urban remnant vegetation can help mitigate these impacts and could be vital for species unable to survive in harsh urban environments. Although resembling nonurban habitats, urban vegetation remnants are subject to additional environmental stresses. Here, we evaluate the occurrence and density of the endemic ghost butterfly (Morpho epistrophus nikolajewna) that was once common, in the highly fragmented Atlantic forest of NE Brazil. We tested whether this butterfly would be found at lower densities in urban forest fragments of contrasting sizes as opposed to rural ones, given the number of environmental stressors found in urban areas. We surveyed 14 forest fragments (range 2.8 to over 3,000 ha) of semideciduous Atlantic forest in rural and urban locations using transect based distance sampling. The ghost butterflies showed strong seasonality; flying only from April to June. They were only identified in an urban fragment (515 ha), with an estimate of 720 individuals and a density 1.4 ind/ha. All forest fragments had experienced some level of logging in the past, which might have had an effect in the butterfly population. Nevertheless, rural forest fragments were subject to increased particulate matter concentrations, associated to biomass burning that we suggest might have had a more influential role driving the collapse of rural populations. Our findings show the importance of urban forest remnants to sustain population of this endangered species.
Prokaryotic taxa play keystone roles in the soil microbiome associated with woody perennial plants in the genus Buxus
Authors: LeBlanc Nicholas , Crouch Jo Anne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe microbiome associated with ornamental plants has largely been neglected, despite its potential for impacting plant health. This work characterized the composition, diversity, and microbial co‐associations in the soil microbiome associated with species and cultivars of plant in the genus Buxus (common name boxwood), a group of woody perennial shrubs commonly used in residential landscapes and found in native ecosystems. Soil was collected from 82 individual curated boxwood accessions at the U.S. National Arboretum National Boxwood Collection. Amplicon libraries targeting archaea, bacteria, and fungi were generated and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Identification of individual sequence variants resulted in 275 archaeal, 15,580 bacterial, and 7,525 fungal taxa. Neither spatial distance among samples nor association with different types of boxwood were significant predictors of soil microbiome composition. However, archaeal and bacterial diversity was significantly different in soil from distinct types of boxwood. Co‐association networks indicated that archaea and bacteria show greater evidence of being keystone taxa than fungi. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential for targeting specific keystone taxa to shift the soil microbiome associated with these boxwood accessions and that planting different species or cultivars in the landscape may shift the diversity of prokaryotic microorganisms.
Process pH control and improvised cell cultivation during copolymer‐induced pelagic cultivation of benthal Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Memon Abdul Rehman , Memon Muhammad Jaffar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) cultivation particularly at exponential stage is proportional to growth limiting pH reduction, which calls for its stabilization beforehand. This research introduced the use of copolymer polyacrylate polyalcohol (PP) for the first time to harvest dual benefits of its application such as in situ pH control as well as corresponding cell suspension at the surface for better growth kinetics. Free and immobilized cultivation of C. vulgaris was carried out in prepared sugar water in a fabricated photo bioreactor. For free cell cultivation lower (20%) and higher (100%) concentration of BG‐11 broth was used without PP. The immobilized cell cultivation entailed different proportions of PP along with the induction of the macronutrients instead of the broth. It was observed that PP introduction in the medium induced an increase of 32% in the pH value irrespective of the PP dosage applied. C. vulgaris immobilized with optimized PP dosage grew at nearly similar rate as well as incurring compatible chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal compared to that obtained with 100% BG‐11 broth during benthic free cell cultivation. The cell cultivation profile also transpired that every 1 g cell growth during log phase was inducing COD decrease of 13% or fixing 2,100 mg of COD.
Quantifying erosional equilibrium across a slowly eroding, soil mantled landscape
Authors: Heimsath Arjun M. , Chadwick Oliver A. , Roering Josh J. , Levick Shaun R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe textbook concept of an equilibrium landscape, which posits that soil production and erosion are balanced and equal channel incision, is rarely quantified for natural systems. In contrast to mountainous, rapidly eroding terrain, low relief and slow‐eroding landscapes are poorly studied despite being widespread and densely inhabited. We use three field sites along a climosequence in South Africa to quantify very slow (2‐5 m/My) soil production rates that do not vary across hillslopes or with climate. We show these rates to be indistinguishable from spatially invariant catchment‐average erosion rates while soil depth and chemical weathering increase strongly with rainfall across our sites. Our analyses imply landscape‐scale equilibrium although the dominant means of denudation varies from physical weathering in dry climates to chemical weathering in wet climates. In the two wetter sites, chemical weathering is so significant that clay translocates both vertically in soil columns and horizontally down hillslope catenas, resulting in particle size variation and the accumulation of buried stone lines at the clay‐rich depth. We infer hundred‐thousand‐year residence times of these stone lines and suggest that bioturbation by termites plays a key role in exhuming sediment into the mobile soil layer from significant depths below the clay layer. Our results suggest how tradeoffs in physical and chemical weathering, potentially modulated by biological processes, shape slowly eroding, equilibrium landscapes. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.