bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLOBAL QUANTIFICATION AND INVENTORY DEMAND FOR SILVER IN CHINA
Authors: Cao Jin , Flynn Dennis O. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis article provides an initial (partial) estimate of silver quantities held within China around mid-18thcentury, utilising archival evidence related to wealth confiscations. Better future estimates for overall Chinese silver holdings could also facilitate more accurate estimation of Chinese silver (legal plus illegal) imports. Similar analyses for other world regions could eventually yield estimates for global silver stock holdings, useful in turn for improving global silver mining and trade flow estimates. Extensive contraband silver mining and silver trade are known to have escaped official recordation, by definition. If methodologies suggested herein prove successful, then parallel non-silver-trade-good estimates could follow. Current exclusive focus upon production and trade flows should be reevaluated in the context of linkages with accumulations of goods (wealth components). Economic history could someday provide a prominent stage for the historical study of wealth holdings, thereby furnishing context for increasing wealth concentrations observable worldwide today.
Complex Morphology Neural Network Simulation in Evolutionary Robotics
Authors: Woodford Grant W. , du Plessis Mathys C. 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYThis paper investigates artificial neural network (ANN)-based simulators as an alternative to physics-based approaches for evolving controllers in simulation for a complex snake-like robot. Prior research has been limited to robots or controllers that are relatively simple. Benchmarks are performed in order to identify effective simulator topologies. Additionally, various controller evolution strategies are proposed, investigated and compared. Using ANN-based simulators for controller fitness estimation during controller evolution is demonstrated to be a viable approach for the high-dimensional problem specified in this work.
Cost-Effectiveness Evaluations of Psychological Therapies for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shields Gemma Elizabeth , Buck Deborah , Elvidge Jamie , Hayhurst Karen Petra , Davies Linda Mary 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis review aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of psychological interventions for schizophrenia/bipolar disorder (BD), to determine the robustness of current evidence and identify gaps in the available evidence.MethodsElectronic searches (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase) identified economic evaluations relating incremental cost to outcomes in the form of an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio published in English since 2000. Searches were concluded in November 2018. Inclusion criteria were: adults with schizophrenia/BD; any psychological/psychosocial intervention (e.g., psychological therapy and integrated/collaborative care); probability of cost-effectiveness at explicitly defined thresholds reported. Comparators could be routine practice, no intervention, or alternative psychological therapies. Screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal were performed using pre-specified criteria and forms. Results were summarized qualitatively. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42017056579).ResultsOf 3,864 studies identified, 12 met the criteria for data extraction. All were integrated clinical and economic randomized controlled trials. The most common intervention was cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT, 6/12 studies). The most common measure of health benefit was the quality-adjusted life-year (6/12). Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 5 years. Interventions were found to be cost-effective in most studies (9/12): the probability of cost-effectiveness ranged from 35-99.5 percent. All studies had limitations and demonstrated uncertainty (particularly related to incremental costs).ConclusionsMost studies concluded psychological interventions for schizophrenia/BD are cost-effective, including CBT, although there was notable uncertainty. Heterogeneity across studies makes it difficult to reach strong conclusions. There is a particular need for more evidence in the population with BD and for longer-term evidence across both populations.
The conservation value of forest fragments in the increasingly agrarian landscape of Sumatra
Authors: Weiskopf Sarah R , McCarthy Jennifer L , McCarthy Kyle P , Shiklomanov Alexey N , Wibisono Hariyo T , Pusparini Wulan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryDestruction of tropical rainforests reduces many unprotected habitats to small fragments of remnant forests within agricultural matrices. To date, these remnant forest fragments have been largely disregarded as wildlife habitat, and little is known about mammalian use of these areas in Sumatra. Here, we conducted camera trap surveys (2285 trap-nights) within Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and five surrounding remnant forest fragments during 2010–2013 and used species composition metrics to compare use. We found 28 mammal species in the protected forest and 21 in the fragments. The fragments harboured a subset of species found in the protected forest and several species not observed in the protected forest. Critically endangered species such as Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) and Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) were found in the forest fragments, along with species of conservation concern such as marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata) and Asiatic golden cat (Pardofelis temminckii). The biodiversity found within the fragments suggests that these small patches of remnant forest may have conservation value to certain mammal species and indicates the importance of further research into the role these habitats may play in landscape-level, multispecies conservation planning.
Reconciling with Minoaywin: First Nations Elders’ Advice to Promote Healing from Forced Displacement
Authors: Ballard Myrle , Coughlin Juliana , Martin Donna 
Published: July 2019

RÉSUMÉEn 2011, dans la région d’Interlake, au Manitoba, une inondation provoquée par l’homme a déplacé 17 communautés des Premières nations ayant de profonds liens ancestraux avec leurs terres. L’inondation et les déplacements forcés ont eu des effets dévastateurs dans ces communautés, incluant des morts prématurées, l’aggravation de maladies chroniques, la dépression et la solitude. En 2015, une réunion des aînés des Premières nations a rassemblé 200 personnes à Winnipeg pour discuter des moyens de se remettre des inondations provoquées. Une approche qualitative et un cadre participatif ont été utilisés pour documenter les perspectives des aînés. Vingt-trois aînés ont participé à des entrevues semi-dirigées en ojibwé et en anglais, enregistrées sur vidéo. Les discussions en petits groupes ont été documentées et transcrites en verbatim. Les recommandations des aînés sur la réconciliation avec le minoayawin (bien-être) ont été partagées par le biais d’un livret de guérison et d’un site Web. Les aînés ont partagé leurs réflexions sur le besoin de guérison de leurs peuples et de leurs communautés et ont proposé les stratégies suivantes pour aller de l’avant : pardonner, rester unis, promouvoir l’autodétermination, retrouver leur identité culturelle, et se rapprocher de la terre.
Bontly on Harm and the Non-Identity Problem
Authors: Carlson Erik , Johansson Jens 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ‘non-identity problem’ raises a well-known challenge to the person-affecting view, according to which an action can be wrong only if it affects someone for the worse. In a recent article, however, Thomas D. Bontly proposes a novel way to solve the non-identity problem in person-affecting terms. Bontly's argument is based on a contrastive causal account of harm. In this response, we argue that Bontly's argument fails even assuming that the contrastive causal account is correct.
Erratum to ‘On Percolation and the Bunkbed Conjecture’
Authors: Linusson Svante 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere was an incorrect argument in the proof of the main theorem in ‘On percolation and the bunkbed conjecture’, in Combin. Probab. Comput. (2011) 20 103–117 doi: 10.1017/S0963548309990666. I thus no longer claim to have a proof for the bunkbed conjecture for outerplanar graphs.
Improving the quality of foods available in a rural kibbutz cafeteria in Israel to align with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet through a community culinary coaching programme
Authors: Polak Rani , Pober David , Berry Elliot M , Mazal Tehila , Arieli Rakefet , Ziv Mati 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:To examine the impact of a community culinary coaching programme (CCCP) on cafeteria food alignment with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet, and diners’ consumption habits and satisfaction.Design:A non-randomized, controlled, community-based participatory research programme. CCCP included eight 90 min coaching sessions with a community steering committee, 22 h of kitchen staff training, 12 h of pre-school staff training and 30 h of education for diners; control communities received no intervention. Outcomes, measured before and 12 months after programme initiation, included cafeteria food alignment with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet through a food items list derived from the cafeteria food purchasing software, and adult diners’ consumption habits and satisfaction through questionnaires.Setting:Communal cafeterias of rural kibbutzim.Participants:Intervention: kibbutz with 493 adults and 214 children. Control: Two kibbutzim with a total of 487 adults and 206 children.Results:Intervention cafeteria food improved significantly in all Mediterranean index categories except nuts (legumes, wholegrain products, fish, MUFA/SFAP< 0·0001; fruits, vegetablesP< 0·001; processed meatsP= 0·004), and in the proportion of ultra-processed and unprocessed or minimally processed foods categories of the NOVA classification (−22 %,P< 0·001 and +7 %,P< 0·001, respectively), compared with the control community. The intervention group’s satisfaction was significantly improved in twenty-five (83 %) out of the thirty satisfaction items, compared with twelve (40 %) in the control group. No changes were identified in diners’ consumption habits in either intervention or control communities.Conclusions:CCCP might be useful in improving alignment of cafeteria food with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet.
Lions and Librarians: a Plea for the Intelligent Conservation of an Unnecessarily Endangered Species
Authors: Greenberg Daniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe role of the law librarian or legal information professional is thought by some to have been diminished significantly by technological advances which provide instant access to an enormous range of materials direct to individual users at their desks. The reality is that the wide range of instantly accessible materials makes the experience and knowledge of the information professional more important, not less; and imminently expected advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence are likely to confirm the vital importance of the legal information professional at the centre of legal services.
Reflections on Current Trends and Predictions for Commercial Law Libraries
Authors: Wiggins Samuel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article, written by Samuel Wiggins, examines current trends within commercial law firm libraries, and considers how those trends might continue over the next five to ten years. Areas considered include legal technology, the future of the library space, the role of the professional body, training, and the relationship between traditional librarianship and knowledge management.
The First Decade: the 1970s
Authors: Tearle Barbara 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this combined article, five authors provide a brief summary of the activities of the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians (BIALL) and the developments in law librarianship over the past 50 years, each writing about a different decade. Barbara Tearle (writing about the 1970s), Christine Miskin (the 1980s), Michael Maher (1990s), Fiona Fogden (2000s) and Narinder Toor (2010s) each bring their own experiences and memories to their writing and complete a half century of reflections to coincide with BIALL's 50th anniversary in 2019.
The BIALL Irish Group
Authors: Aston Jennefer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the article, Jennefer Aston reflects on the involvement in BIALL of law librarians from Ireland. She writes about the development of the BIALL Irish Group, some of the challenges that Irish law librarians have faced, notes how the legal sector in Ireland grew in the 1980s and 1990s and describes the collaboration and the activities of law librarians in Ireland. She also invites former Chair of the Association, John Furlong, and current President, Renate ní Uigín, to give some thoughts too.
Evaluation of the time-of-day effect of herbicides applied POST on protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase–resistant and –susceptible Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
Authors: Drake Copeland J. , Montgomery Garret B. , Steckel Lawrence E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudies to evaluate the effect of application time of day (TOD) and protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide–resistant Palmer amaranth on the efficacy of commonly used herbicides was conducted in Tennessee in 2017 and 2018. Treatments of fomesafen, lactofen, acifluorfen, paraquat, glufosinate, glufosinate plus fomesafen, paraquat plus fomesafen, and paraquat plus metribuzin were applied to PPO-resistant (PPO-R) and PPO-susceptible (PPO-S) Palmer amaranth at sunrise and midday. Control of Palmer amaranth with acifluorfen, glufosinate, and glufosinate plus fomesafen was greater with the midday application. However, control of Palmer amaranth with paraquat-based treatments was greater with the sunrise application. TOD effects on PPO-inhibiting herbicides and paraquat-based treatments were more prominent for the PPO-R Palmer amaranth biotype. The TOD effect observed when applying glufosinate in early morning hours on PPO-S Palmer amaranth can be minimized by adding fomesafen to the tank mix. However, this strategy did not provide consistent performance on PPO-R Palmer amaranth. The percentages of living Palmer amaranth plants and control were greater when paraquat plus metribuzin was applied to both biotypes. These results highlight the necessity of at least two effective herbicide sites of action for POST applications intended for controlling PPO-R Palmer amaranth. In addition, the timing of herbicide applications can affect their activity in both PPO-R and PPO-S Palmer amaranth populations.
Geomagnetism: From Alexander von Humboldt to Current Challenges
Authors: Korte Monika , Mandea Mioara 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Earth's magnetic field shields our habitat against potentially harmful charged particles from outer space. Moreover, it is an important source of information about Earth's deep interior and geological history, both inaccessible to direct observations. Geomagnetism, the study of all aspects of the Earth's magneticfield, formed as a field of natural sciences in the early nineteenth century, largely under the influence of two prominent polymaths, Alexander von Humboldt and Carl Friedrich Gauss. On the occasion of the AGU 2019 centennial and Alexander von Humboldt's 250th anniversary, we link Humboldt's activities in geomagnetism with modern research in this domain and its challenges. Based on magnetic field observations during his scientific journeys, Alexander von Humboldt determined the increase of magnetic intensity with distance from the equator. He initiated coordinated observations across the globe and thus laid the foundation for international data exchange and collaboration. Observation is a prerequisite to a better understanding of the Earth's magnetic field with its various sources from the Earth's core, lithosphere, and electrical current systems outside the Earth, with a multitude of applications from navigation, exploration, natural hazard assessment, and study of Earth's evolution. A full understanding of the physical processes underlying the various geomagnetic field sources is mandatory to tackle the challenge of forecasting the future geomagnetic field evolution and to take advantage of the information that the geomagnetic field can provide about the Earth's history, geological and tectonic conditions and processes, and the near‐Earth's space environment.
The Signal‐to‐Noise Paradox for Interannual Surface Atmospheric Temperature Predictions
Authors: Sévellec F. , Drijfhout S. S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe “signal‐to‐noise paradox” implies that climate models are better at predicting observations than themselves. Here, it is shown that this apparent paradox is expected when the relative level of predicted signal is weaker in models than in observations. In the presence of model error, the paradox only occurs in the range of small signal‐to‐noise ratio of the model, occurring for even smaller model signal‐to‐noise ratio with increasing model error. This paradox is always a signature of the prediction unreliability. Applying this concept to noninitialized simulations of Surface Atmospheric Temperature (SAT) of the CMIP5 database, under the assumption that prediction skill is associated with persistence, shows that global mean SAT is marginally less persistent in models than in observations. However, at a local scale, the analysis suggests that ∼70% of the globe exhibits the signal‐to‐noise paradox for local SAT interannual forecasts and that the Signal‐to‐Noise Paradox occurs especially over the oceans.
Statistical Properties of Molecular Ions in the Ring Current Observed by the Arase (ERG) Satellite
Authors: Seki K. , Keika K. , Kasahara S. , Yokota S. , Hori T. , Asamura K. , Higashio N. , Takada M. , Ogawa Y. , Matsuoka A. , Teramoto M. , Miyoshi Y. , Shinohara I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMolecular ions in the magnetosphere can be a tracer of fast ion outflows from the deep ionosphere. Statistical properties of molecular ions (O2+/NO+/N2+) in the ring current are investigated based on ion composition measurements (<180 keV/q) by medium‐energy particle experiments‐electron analyzer and low‐energy particle experiments‐ion mass analyzer instruments on board the Arase (Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace, ERG) satellite. The investigated period from late March to December 2017 includes 11 geomagnetic storms with the minimum Dst index less than −40 nT. The molecular ions are observed in the region of L = 2.5–6.6 and clearly identified at energies above ~12 keV during most magnetic storms. During quiet times, molecular ions are not observed. The average energy density ratio of the molecular ions to O+ is ~3%. The ratio tends to increase with the size of magnetic storms. Existence of molecular ions even during small magnetic storms suggests that the fast ion outflow from the deep ionosphere occurs frequently during geomagnetically active periods.
Brain expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene family in cognitive aging and alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Mahoney Emily R. , Dumitrescu Logan , Moore Annah M. , Cambronero Francis E. , De Jager Philip L. , Koran Mary Ellen I. , Petyuk Vladislav A. , Robinson Renã A. S. , Goyal Sandeep , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. , Jefferson Angela L. , Hohman Timothy J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is associated with the clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the role of the VEGF gene family in neuroprotection is complex due to the number of biological pathways they regulate. This study explored associations between brain expression of VEGF genes with cognitive performance and AD pathology. Genetic, cognitive, and neuropathology data were acquired from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. Expression of ten VEGF ligand and receptor genes was quantified using RNA sequencing of prefrontal cortex tissue. Global cognitive composite scores were calculated from 17 neuropsychological tests. β-amyloid and tau burden were measured at autopsy. Participants (n = 531) included individuals with normal cognition (n = 180), mild cognitive impairment (n = 148), or AD dementia (n = 203). Mean age at death was 89 years and 37% were male. Higher prefrontal cortex expression of VEGFB, FLT4, FLT1, and PGF was associated with worse cognitive trajectories (p ≤ 0.01). Increased expression of VEGFB and FLT4 was also associated with lower cognition scores at the last visit before death (p ≤ 0.01). VEGFB, FLT4, and FLT1 were upregulated among AD dementia compared with normal cognition participants (p ≤ 0.03). All four genes associated with cognition related to elevated β-amyloid (p ≤ 0.01) and/or tau burden (p ≤ 0.03). VEGF ligand and receptor genes, specifically genes relevant to FLT4 and FLT1 receptor signaling, are associated with cognition, longitudinal cognitive decline, and AD neuropathology. Future work should confirm these observations at the protein level to better understand how changes in VEGF transcription and translation relate to neurodegenerative disease.
How do women experience a false-positive test result from breast screening? A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Long Hannah , Brooks Joanna M. , Harvie Michelle , Maxwell Anthony , French David P. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
This is the first review to identify, appraise and synthesise women’s experiences of having a false-positive breast screening test result.

Methods
We systematically searched eight databases for qualitative research reporting women’s experiences of receiving a false-positive screening test result. Two reviewers independently screened articles. Eight papers reporting seven studies were included. Study quality was appraised. Data were thematically synthesised.

Results
Women passively attended screening in order to prove their perceived good health. Consequently, being recalled was unexpected, shocking and disempowering: women felt without options. They endured great uncertainty and stress and sought clarity about their health (e.g. by scrutinising the wording of recall letters and conversations with healthcare professionals). Their result was accompanied by relief and welcome feelings of certainty about their health, but some received unclear explanations of their result, contributing to lasting breast cancer-related worry and an ongoing need for further reassurance.

Conclusion
The organisation of breast screening programmes may constrain choice for women: they became passive recipients. The way healthcare professionals verbally communicate results to women may contribute to lasting breast cancer-related worry. Women need more reassurance, emotional support and answers to their questions before and during screening assessment, and after receiving their result.