bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential genetic markers for nonsyndromic oral clefts in the Brazilian population: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Assis Machado Renato , de Toledo Isabela Porto , Martelli‐Júnior Hercilio , Reis Silvia Regina , Neves Silva Guerra Eliete , Coletta Ricardo D. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundAlthough various genes and genomic regions were described as of susceptibility for nonsyndromic oral clefts (NOC), recent reports have demonstrated significant interethnic variations in the genetic predisposition, a situation that affects the Brazilian population, one of the most admixed populations in the world. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to describe the available information on genetic risk markers for NOC in the Brazilian population.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was performed using LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and studies that investigated genetic susceptibility markers for NOC in the Brazilian population were retrieved. Markers with enough statistical data were subjected to meta‐analysis using random‐ or fixed‐effects model with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) as effect measures.ResultsForty‐nine studies conducted since 1999 were found, and in these 114 markers were evaluated throughout case‐control or family‐based approaches. Most of the studies were conducted with patients affected by nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL ± P), and 79 markers (69.3%) were evaluated by a single study only. Meta‐analysis was performed with nine markers, and the most promising results were obtained for IRF6 (rs642961), 8q24 (rs987525 and rs1530300) and MTHFR (rs1801133), which were associated with increased risk for NSCL ± P, and for BMP4 (rs17563) that showed a protective effect for NSCL ± P.ConclusionA large number of genetic markers distributed in several genes/loci was associated with NOC in the Brazilian population, but in general the original studies included limited number of samples and unsatisfactory protocols. The classical risk markers located in IRF6 and 8q24 showed promising results as well as rs1801133 in MTHFR and rs17563 in BMP4, and they should be validated in larger and multicenter studies taking in consideration the variations in the miscegenation of Brazilian population.
Electroless Synthesis of Highly Stable and Free‐Standing Porous Pt Nanotube Networks and their Application in Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Walbert Torsten , Antoni Markus , Muench Falk , Späth Thomas , Ensinger Wolfgang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFree‐standing 3D metal nanostructures represent an upcoming class of electrocatalysts for fuel cell technology, combining high aging stability and activity with efficient metal utilization while abstaining from additives such as polymer binders. Until now, most fabrication routes are complex and produce disordered nanostructures. Here, we present a highly adjustable, wet‐chemical synthesis route toward ordered, thin‐walled Pt nanotube networks. The approach includes an optimized electroless plating procedure and enables easy regulation of structural parameters (i. e. nanotube diameter, wall thickness, density) by using ion track‐etched polycarbonate templates. In comparison to individual nanotubes, the resulting nanonetworks exhibit a free‐standing and robust frame, which is a great advantage for use in various electrochemical and catalytic applications. Cyclic voltammetry studies of the methanol oxidation reaction demonstrate enhanced electrocatalytic activity compared to commercially available Pt nanoparticles. The nanonetworks provide outstanding long‐life stability with up to 97 % of the initial active surface area after 1000 cycles, which makes them a promising material in different application fields, for example, in direct methanol fuel cells.
Self‐Templated Synthesis of Co1‐xS Porous Hexagonal Microplates for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Liu Yangxing , Zhang Junfeng , Li Yunwei , Yuan Gang , Niu Xiaopo , Zhang Xiangwen , Wang Qingfa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTransition‐metal chalcogenides have been widely investigated as a class of promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. But, they are still far from practical use because of moderate catalytic activity. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials with porous nanostructures are attractive for the efficient conversion of electrochemical energy. Herein, Co1‐xS novel porous microplates were synthesized through a facile self‐templated strategy based on the Kirkendall effect. By taking advantages of porous nanostructure and good catalytic properties of the hexagonal Co(OH)2 template, the unique Co1‐xS microplates provide higher efficient surface area and more accessible active sites. Moreover, the mass transfer and gas diffusion are also promoted, owing to the pores developed inside the microplates. As expected, the optimized porous Co1‐xS microplates demonstrate remarkable OER performance in alkaline electrolyte with an overpotential of 311 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 55 mV dec−1 and long‐term stability, which outperform the commercial IrO2 catalyst. The facile preparation, high catalytic activity, and excellent durability of the Co1‐xS porous hexagonal microplates show great promise in energy conversion applications.
Microwave‐Assisted, Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran Flavonoid Derivatives from Chalcones
Authors: Helgren Travis R. , Xu Lianyan L. , Sotelo Daniel , Mehta Yash R. , Korkmaz Melissa A. , Pavlinov Ivan , Aldrich Leslie N. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA route to access 3‐amino‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans that utilizes microwave‐assisted organic synthesis to rapidly generate analogues has been developed. The route begins with an acid‐catalyzed, microwave‐assisted aldol condensation to generate chalcone intermediates, followed by a Corey–Bakshi–Shibata reduction and subsequent Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation to access stereoisomeric epoxyalcohols. The final step is a one‐pot, microwave‐assisted, regioselective, acid‐catalyzed epoxide opening with various amines followed by an intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction to generate the 3‐amino‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans. This route provides ready access to stereochemically and structurally diverse analogues of these flavonoid scaffolds. Additionally, a pilot library was synthesized, and the biological activity diversity of the chalcones and dihydrobenzofurans was explored in human carcinoma cell lines.
Mechanism of Enolate Transfer between Si and Cu
Authors: Bouaouli Samira , Spielmann Kim , Vrancken Emmanuel , Campagne Jean‐Marc , Gérard Hélène 
Published: February 2018

AbstractExchange of X (F, Cl, OMe) and a substituted enolate chain between SiMe3 and various CuI complexes was examined. Reaction mechanisms pass through a cyclic transition state in which the reaction coordinate is associated with rotation of the SiMe3 moiety. The dependence of the thermodynamic and kinetic features on the nature of the active and ancillary ligands was examined. Formation of copper enolate is shown to be favored when stabilized enolates are used. Replacement of F by Cl reverses the preference of the reaction. This is associated with the small difference between the Cu−Cl and Si−Cl bond energies, in contrast to other Si−X bonds, which are systematically stronger than their Cu−X analogues.
Simultaneous G‐Quadruplex DNA Logic
Authors: Bader Antoine , Cockroft Scott L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA fundamental principle of digital computer operation is Boolean logic, where inputs and outputs are described by binary integer voltages. Similarly, inputs and outputs may be processed on the molecular level as exemplified by synthetic circuits that exploit the programmability of DNA base‐pairing. Unlike modern computers, which execute large numbers of logic gates in parallel, most implementations of molecular logic have been limited to single computing tasks, or sensing applications. This work reports three G‐quadruplex‐based logic gates that operate simultaneously in a single reaction vessel. The gates respond to unique Boolean DNA inputs by undergoing topological conversion from duplex to G‐quadruplex states that were resolved using a thioflavin T dye and gel electrophoresis. The modular, addressable, and label‐free approach could be incorporated into DNA‐based sensors, or used for resolving and debugging parallel processes in DNA computing applications.
Nanopore Detection of Single‐Molecule Binding within a Metallosupramolecular Cage
Authors: Borsley Stefan , Cooper James A. , Lusby Paul J. , Cockroft Scott L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGuest encapsulation is a fundamental property of coordination cages. However, there is a paucity of methods capable of quantifying the dynamics of guest binding processes. Here, we demonstrate nanopore detection of single‐molecule binding within metallosupramolecular cages. Real‐time monitoring of the ion current flowing through a transmembrane α‐hemolysin nanopore resolved the binding of different guests to both cage enantiomers. This enabled the single‐molecule kinetics of guest binding to be quantified, whereas the ordering and durations of events were consistent with a guest‐exchange mechanism that does not involve ligand dissociation. In addition to providing a new approach for single‐molecule interrogation of dynamic supramolecular processes, this work also establishes that cage complexes which are too large to enter the nanopore can be exploited for detecting small molecules, thus constituting a new class of molecular adapter.
Utilization of direct smears of thyroid fine‐needle aspirates for ancillary molecular testing: A comparison of two proprietary testing platforms
Authors: Partyka Kristen L. , Randolph Melissa L. , Lawrence Karen A. , Cramer Harvey , Wu Howard H. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundAncillary molecular testing has been recommended for thyroid fine‐needle aspirates (FNA) with indeterminate cytologic diagnoses. Rosetta Genomics and Interpace Diagnostics have developed assays that can utilize direct smears as the testing substrate.MethodsA retrospective study of indeterminate thyroid FNAs with known histologic follow‐up was performed. One Diff‐Quik‐stained smear and one Papanicolaou‐stained smear with similar cellularity (at least 60‐100 lesional cells) from each case were sent to Rosetta and Interpace, respectively, for analysis. The results were directly compared and correlated with the final histopathology. Neither company was aware of the follow‐up histologic findings in these cases.ResultsA total of 10 thyroid FNAs were identified from our 2015 files. The cytologic diagnoses included follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS, n = 5), follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN, n = 4), and suspicious for malignancy (SM, n = 1). Of the seven cases with benign histology, six smears were classified as benign by the RosettaGX microRNA classifier, and one case was designated as suspicious. Five cases were negative by both ThyGenX oncogene panel and ThyraMIR microRNA classifier. One case was negative by ThyGenX and positive on follow‐up ThyraMIR, and one case was positive for KRAS mutation and positive on ThyraMIR. Both the RosettaGX and ThyGenX/ThyraMIR tests demonstrated positive results for the three histologically malignant cases.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that two molecular testing platforms performed equally well using our stained direct smears. Both molecular tests revealed a 100% negative predictive rate. RosettaGX showed a 75% positive predictive value in comparison to 60% for ThyGenX/ThyraMIR.
Homogenization of plant diversity, composition, and structure in North American urban yards
Authors: Pearse William D. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Hobbie Sarah E. , Avolio Meghan L. , Bettez Neil , Roy Chowdhury Rinku , Darling Lindsay E. , Groffman Peter M. , Grove J. Morgan , Hall Sharon J. , Heffernan James B. , Learned Jennifer , Neill Christopher , Nelson Kristen C. , Pataki Diane E. , Ruddell Benjamin L. , Steele Meredith K. , Trammell Tara L. E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUrban ecosystems are widely hypothesized to be more ecologically homogeneous than natural ecosystems. We argue that urban plant communities assemble from a complex mix of horticultural and regional species pools, and evaluate the homogenization hypothesis by comparing cultivated and spontaneously occurring urban vegetation to natural area vegetation across seven major U.S. cities. There was limited support for homogenization of urbandiversity, as the cultivated and spontaneous yard flora had greater numbers of species than natural areas, and cultivated phylogenetic diversity was also greater. However, urban yards showed evidence of homogenization ofcompositionandstructure. Yards were compositionally more similar across regions than were natural areas, and tree density was less variable in yards than in comparable natural areas. This homogenization of biodiversity likely reflects similar horticultural source pools, homeowner preferences, and management practices across U.S. cities.
CCR2‐dependent Gr1high monocytes promote kidney injury in shiga toxin‐induced hemolytic uremic syndrome in mice
Authors: Pohl Judith‐Mira , Volke Julia K. , Thiebes Stephanie , Brenzel Alexandra , Fuchs Kerstin , Beziere Nicolas , Ehrlichmann Walter , Pichler Bernd J. , Squire Anthony , Gueler Faikah , Engel Daniel R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a life‐threatening disease of the kidney that is induced by shiga toxin‐producing E.coli. Major changes in the monocytic compartment and in CCR2‐binding chemokines have been observed. However, the specific contribution of CCR2‐dependent Gr1high monocytes is unknown. To investigate the impact of these monocytes during HUS, we injected a combination of LPS and shiga toxin into mice. We observed an impaired kidney function and elevated levels of the CCR2‐binding chemokine CCL2 after shiga toxin/LPS‐ injection, thus suggesting Gr1high monocyte infiltration into the kidney. Indeed, the number of Gr1high monocytes was strongly increased one day after HUS induction. Moreover, these cells expressed high levels of CD11b suggesting activation after tissue entry. Non‐invasive PET‐MR imaging revealed kidney injury mainly in the kidney cortex and this damage coincided with the detection of Gr1high monocytes. Lack of Gr1high monocytes in Ccr2‐deficient animals reduced neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and blood urea nitrogen levels. Moreover, the survival of Ccr2‐deficient animals was significantly improved. Conclusively, this study demonstrates that CCR2‐dependent Gr1high monocytes contribute to the kidney injury during HUS and targeting these cells is beneficial during this disease.
A novel MIMO‐GFDM receiver for next generation communication
Authors: Chang Yu‐Kuan , Ueng Fang‐Biau , Wu Kun‐Zhan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOrthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing is not suitable for fifth‐generation applications such as machine‐type communication, tactile internet, and internet of things. Generalized frequency‐division multiplexing (GFDM) is presented to address these requirements on the basis of the pulse‐shaping filter architecture, which makes GFDM have lower out‐of‐band emission and relatively less cyclic prefix and a become candidate for fifth‐generation systems. Because of the filter architecture, the subcarrier is nonorthogonal, which leads to serious intercarrier interference and is sensitive to carrier frequency offset (CFO). For reducing the intercarrier interference, we propose a 2‐path conjugate transmission scheme in the transmitter, and an adaptive receiver based on the modified phase rotated conjugate cancellation scheme is derived. By maximizing the carrier‐to‐interference ratio, we derive the optimal phase rotation and present an adaptive normalized block least mean squared algorithm to search the ideal result. With the proposed adaptive receiver, the CFO variation due to mismatch oscillator frequency and channel effect can be tracked effectively without feeding back the estimated information to the transmitter. In this paper, we propose a novel receiver with channel equalization and CFO compensation for multiple‐input–multiple‐output–GFDM systems in time‐varying channels. So far, no related research works exist. In the simulations, we compare the proposed receiver with several existing schemes in different time‐varying channels and modulations. The proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes.
Associations between CSF cortisol and CSF norepinephrine in cognitively normal controls and patients with amnestic MCI and AD dementia
Authors: Wang Lucy Y. , Raskind Murray A. , Wilkinson Charles W. , Shofer Jane B. , Sikkema Carl , Szot Patricia , Quinn Joseph F. , Galasko Douglas R. , Peskind Elaine R. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effects of Alzheimer disease (AD) on the relationship between the brain noradrenergic system and hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical axis (HPA). Specifically, relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) norepinephrine (NE) and CSF cortisol were examined in cognitively normal participants and participants with AD dementia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). We hypothesized that there would a positive association between these 2 measures in cognitively normal controls and that this association would be altered in AD.MethodsFour hundred twenty‐one CSF samples were assayed for NE and cortisol in controls (n = 305), participants with aMCI (n = 22), and AD dementia (n = 94). Linear regression was used to examine the association between CSF cortisol and NE, adjusting for age, sex, education, and body mass index.ResultsContrary to our hypothesis, CSF cortisol and NE levels were not significantly associated in controls. However, higher cortisol levels were associated with higher NE levels in AD and aMCI participants. Regression coefficients ± standard errors for the change in cortisol per 100‐pg/mL increase in NE are as follows: controls 0.0 ± 0.2, P = 1.0; MCI, 1.4 ± 0.7, P = .14; and AD 1.1 ± 0.4, P = .032. Analysis with MCI and AD participants combined strengthened statistical significance (1.2 ± 0.3, P = .007).ConclusionsEnhanced responsiveness of the HPA axis to noradrenergic stimulatory regulation in AD and disruption of the blood brain barrier may contribute to these findings. Because brainstem noradrenergic stimulatory regulation of the HPA axis is substantially increased by both acute and chronic stress, these findings are also consistent with AD participants experiencing higher levels of acute and chronic stress.
Organisational framework and outputs of International medical evacuation in Guinea: A need for change
Authors: Guilavogui Timothé , Camara Alioune , Diallo Elhadj Marouf , Koïvogui Akoï , Barry Aminatou , Zoumanigui Koligna , Diallo Alpha Ahmadou , Delamou Alexandre , Koulibaly Moussa 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe study aims to describe the organizational framework of International Medical Evacuation (IME), the profile of persons evacuated, and the associated cost of IME in Guinea. This was a descriptive study of IME policy in Guinea. We described the politico‐structural organization of IME and the profile of patient accessing IME through the Ministry of Health (MOH: 2001–2015) and through the National Social Security Fund (NSSF: 2011–2015). From 1958 to 1992 since the health system was restricted, the country negotiated the free medical treatment with Socialist countries. Since 1992, a medical assistance line was included in the sector budgets, and IME was officially managed by the MOH and with a parallel system existing at the NSSF. With an average cost of US $34 251 per case, cardiovascular diseases (20%), Traumatology/Orthopedic diseases (20%), and Neurologic/neurosurgery diseases (12.5%) have motivated more than half of 2445 IME supported by the MOH between 2001 and 2015. With a diagnostic exploration (38.7%) as main motivation, the majority of the IMEs (80.0%) endorsed by the NSSF (2011–2015) concerned their employees/workers or those of the NSSF's supervisory ministry and their families. Despite a strict regulatory framework, the emergence and sustainability of parallel IME systems in other departments with different procedures than MOH's procedure represent a major weakness/deficiency. The new prospects for the free medical treatment of state employees could eventually lead to an effective correction of this structural failure if efficiently managed.
Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of m‐cresol over novel Fe2O3 loaded microfibrous entrapped CNT composite catalyst in a fixed‐bed reactor
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhang Huiping , Yan Ying 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDA novel iron‐loaded microfibrous entrapped carbon‐nanotube catalyst (Fe2O3‐MF‐CNT) was synthesized by wet lay‐up papermaking, sintering and metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) processes. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, mercury porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and NH3 temperature program desorption (NH3‐TPD), and the catalytic performance was tested by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of m‐cresol in a fixed‐bed reactor. Finally, the probable multistep reaction pathway for CWPO degradation of m‐cresol over Fe2O3‐MF‐CNT catalyst in a fixed‐bed reactor is presented.RESULTSCharacterization results conclude that the prepared catalysts are acid catalysts containing macropores and mesopores. Active components Fe2O3 are evenly loaded on the support by the MOCVD method. CWPO results show that higher temperature and higher space time promote the catalyst performance. Meanwhile, the Fe2O3‐MF‐CNT catalyst shows perfect reusability with nearly no iron leaching concentration and high m‐cresol conversion (above 95.0%) after four successive runs (24 h). Two possible pathways during degradation of m‐cresol are presented. The hydroxyl radicals turn m‐cresols into aromatic by‐products such as p‐toluquinone, 4‐methylpyrocatechol and methylhydroquinone, followed by evolution to organic acids, and finally to carbon dioxide and water. During the reaction, more m‐cresols are degraded through the pathway in which m‐cresols are first converted into 4‐methylpyrocatechol.CONCLUSIONThe novel Fe2O3‐MF‐CNT catalyst presented herein owns the advantages of both CNTs and stainless steel fibers, and it shows promising performance in CWPO of m‐cresol. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry