bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of SARS CoV-2 Infection among Potential Liver Transplant Recipients and Living Donors on the Outcome of Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Elghany Amira Ahmed Abd , Massoud Yasmine Mahmoud , Bahaa El-Din Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed , Ebada Hend El Saied 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality. Liver transplantation has faced unique challenges due to COVID-19 all over the world. There is a scarce data on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in candidates awaiting liver transplantation or potential donors who proved to have SARS CoV-2 infection based on clinical and/or positive RT- PCR test and/or radiological data.

Objective
To describe the effect of preoperative SARS-CoV 2infection in potential candidates and living donors on the outcome of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Patients and Methods
Combined retrospective and prospective pilot cohort study carried out at Ain Shams Center for Organ Transplantation (ASCOT). 74 LDLT recipients & their donors were included, who underwent LDLT operation during the interval between January 2020 and august 2022. were classified into two groups: Group A: included candidate recipients and/or living donor who had preoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and Group B (control group): included candidate recipients and/or living donor who didn't have preoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. The two groups were followed post LDLT for a minimum duration of 6 months and maximum duration of 2.5 years. Their data were analysed and compared.

Results
Among the 74 LDLT recipients, 10 recipients (13.5%) & 8 donors (10.8%) had confirmed preoperative SARS-COV2. The mean age of the recipients was 46.90 ± 14.15 years old with male prevalence, and the majority had mild respiratory symptoms of preoperative COVID-19. Two patients have specific treatment for COVID-19 with remdesivir or steroid therapy and supplemental oxygen and 8 patients received only symptomatic treatment. The median time between SARS Cov2 infection and LT in our series was 6.5 months. there was no significant difference between candidates/recipients who had preoperative COVID-19 (group-a) and those who hadn’t (group-b), regarding the preoperative, operative and postoperative characteristics apart from significantly shorter duration of operation and higher incidence of early postoperative desaturation in ICU in (group a, 20% vs 1.6% in group b patients, p: 0.006) Table (1). The mean age of the living donors of group a was 30.25 ± 7.07, all had mild preoperative COVID 19 disease which didn’t affect significantly their operative and postoperative course Table (2).

Conclusion
Mild preoperative COVID-19 disease didn’t affect significantly the postoperative course of recipients for LDLT. Donors with completely resolved mild preoperative COVID-19 disease can safely donate for LDLT.
Epstein-Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus Coinfection in Egyptian COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Barakat Eman F , Sherief Ahmed F , El-Shiekh Nesma G , El-Metwaly Khalifa Mai Mohi M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Reactivation of herpesviruses such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in COVID-19 patients reported in many studies in different countries during the pandemic. We aimed to measure prevalence of this coinfection in Egyptian COVID-19 patients with elevated liver enzymes and its relation to the severity and the outcome of COVID-19 infection in those patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out on 110 COVID-19 patients with elevated liver enzymes regardless the severity of COVID-19 disease. All patients were subjected to medical history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, high-resolution computed tomography chest (HRCT chest). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were determined by VCA IgM and CMV IgM respectively by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa).

Results
Of the included 110 patients with COVID-19 illness, 5 (4.5%) were Epstein-Barr virus seropositive and 5 (4.5%) were Human cytomegalovirus seropositive. Regarding the symptoms, the incidence of fever in the EBV & CMV seropositive group was apparently higher than that in the EBV & CMV seronegative group. In lab tests, the platelets and albumin of EBV & CMV seropositive group decreased more significantly than EBV & HCMV seronegative group, and serum ferritin, D-dimer and c-reactive protein show higher values in seropositive group than in seronegative group but not statistically significant. Seropositive group had received higher doses of steroids than seronegative group. The median of hospital stay in seropositive group was (15 days) nearly double that of seronegative group with statistically significant difference between both groups.

Conclusion
Coinfection of EBV and CMV in COVID-19 Egyptian has no effect on the disease severity or the clinical outcome of the disease. But Those patients had higher hospital stay duration.
Comparative Study between Holmium Laser and Cold Knife in Optical Internal Urethrotomy for the Management of Anterior Urethral Stricture
Authors: Abuelnaga Mohamed , Saad Abdelmageed , Elzayat Tarek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra due to many causes including, trauma, ischaemia, spongiofibrosis, inflammation, and sexually transmitted gonococcal infections, resulting in tissue scaring in the corpus spongiosum, It can occur at any point on the male urethra. Regarding urethral stricture management, many researchers and surgeons have proposed and evaluated several methods, including urethral dilation, direct vision internal urethrotomy, laser urethrotomy and urethroplasty.

Aim
to compare the outcomes of Holmium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet (YAG) laser urethrotomy with the conventional cold-knife technique as regards treatment outcome, efficacy and complications in cases of urethral stricture disease.

Methods
This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted at Ain Shams University hospitals and Nile hospital for insurance. This study was conducted on 30 male patients with urethral stricture assigned into two equal groups; Group A: received urethrotomy with conventional cold knife. Group B received urethrotomy with Holmium: YAG laser.

Results
Holmium Laser modality was associated with significantly lower postoperative postvoid residual urine volume and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at 1 & 3 months postoperative and shorter operative time but there was insignificant difference as regards peak flow rate(PFR). Complications in both procedures were minor and infrequent

Conclusion
Holmium Laser and cold knife internal urethrotomy are effective surgical options for the treatment of anterior urethral stricture with a promising outcome after 3- months follow-up with a better success rate using the Holmium laser. Both are easy to perform, minimal invasive and safe
The Effect of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate while Preserving Urethral Mucosa at the Prostatic Apex on Retrograde Ejaculation and Postoperative Urine Continence in Patients with BPH
Authors: Ismaiel Abdelrhman Mohamed , Mohamed Ahmed , Abdallah Tawfeek , Maher Ahmed , Ahmed Gamil , Esmat Mohamed , Ghareeb Abo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effect of transurethral resection of the prostate while preserving Urethral Mucosa at the Prostatic Apex on retrograde ejaculation and postoperative urine continence in patients with BPH after surgery.

Patients and Methods
A total of 106 participants were enrolled in the study, after obtaining informed consent, patients were randomized into 2 groups with a 1:1 ratio using sealed envelopes that was prepared by the department’s ethical committee, each group with 53 cases. group 1 represent traditional TURP, while group 2 represents TURP with preserved urethral mucosa at the prostatic apex.

Results
there was no statistically significant difference between control and observation group regarding age and pre-operative IPSS, Q-max, PVRU, prostate size and ejaculation also There was no statistically significant difference between control and observation group regarding post- operative IPSS, Q-max, PVRU, but shows that there is a statistically significant difference between control and observation group regarding the post operative ejaculation with 83% of EP-TURP patients maintained normal ejaculation post-operatively versus only 19% with traditional TURP (p &lt; 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between control and observation group regarding early post-operative continence, EP-TURP also resulted in significantly better urinary continence outcomes (94.3% vs 79.2%, p = 0.022)

Conclusion
Our randomized study demonstrated that ejaculation-preserving transurethral resection of the prostate (EP-TURP) preserving antegrade ejaculation and reducing urinary incontinence in early post operative, also reducing bladder outlet symptoms like dysuria, urgency and frequency with no difference in post operative IPSS, Q max and PVRU
Assessment of Maximum Extension Reservoir of Lumbar Spine using Fulcrum Hyperextension Radiographs in Severe Sagittal Spinal Malalignment
Authors: Park Se-Jun , Park Jin-Sung , Kang Dong-Ho , Kang Minwook , Jung Kyunghun , Kim Hyun-Jun , Lee Chong-Suh 
Published: November 2024

Study design.
Retrospective study

Objectives.
To report on the usefulness of fulcrum hyperextension radiograph to assess the maximum extension reservoir (MER) of lumbar spines in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.

Summary of background data.
The maximum degree of lumbar lordosis (LL) by lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) will be affected by the MER, which is determined by combination of severity and flexibility of kyphotic deformities of lumbar spine. Although LLIF and anterior column realignment (ACR) are used to treat severe sagittal spinal malalignments, no clear guidelines exist regarding LLIF alone versus ACR.

Methods.
We included patients with severe sagittal malalignment undergoing ≥5-level fusion including the sacrum for ASD. The patients were divided into two groups according to performance of ACR: LLIF group (LLIF alone) and ACR group. Preoperative LL was compared according to patient’s positions; standing, active extension, supine, and fulcrum hyperextension. The offsets between postoperative and preoperative fulcrum hyperextension LL were calculated and compared between the groups.

Results.
Altogether, 161 patients were included in the study (mean age, 70.2 y; total levels fused, 7.3). Preoperative LL was significantly greatest in fulcrum hyperextension, followed by supine, active extension, and standing positions (37.2°, 26.5°, 23.8°, and 11.7°, respectively, P<0.001). The offsets between postoperative and preoperative fulcrum LL were significantly different between the LLIF and ACR groups (-0.7° vs. 17.8°, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis using patients with an LL offset>0° revealed that the mean LL offsets were 7.6° and 19.4° in the LLIF and ACR groups, respectively.

Conclusions.
Fulcrum hyperextension radiographs best represented the MER. Therefore, it can be used to predict the maximum LL by LLIF alone, which can be estimated as fulcrum hyperextension LL + 7.6°. This threshold can guide the selection between LLIF alone and ACR in deformity correction using the lateral approach.
Hair Stylists Against Skin Cancer: An Interventional Study
Authors: Moody Rylee , Fritz Mike , Poole Mackenzie , Li Yang , Behshad Ramona 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Scalp skin cancers have delayed detection due to their discreet location. Hairstylists are uniquely positioned to alert their clients about possible scalp skin cancers.

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to educate hairstylists on the basic concepts of skin cancer, increase their confidence in identifying suspicious lesions, and, subsequently, their likelihood of referring to dermatology.

METHODS
Hairstylist students across 7 cities in the Midwest were surveyed before and after an educational lecture.

RESULTS
A total of 242 students across 8 schools participated in the study. Most participants (79.3%) completed both surveys. The mean knowledge score postintervention was significantly higher than preintervention (9.13 vs 7.93; p < .001). Cosmetology students reported significantly increased confidence in identifying suspicious skin lesions, informing clients about suspicious lesions, educating clients about skin cancer prevention, and referring a client to a doctor on seeing a suspicious skin lesion postintervention compared with preintervention (p < .001 for all).

CONCLUSION
The authors' lecture significantly improved hairstylists' knowledge of skin cancer basics and increased their confidence in informing clients about suspicious lesions and the likelihood of referring to a dermatologist.
IgG4-related disease presented with a neck nodule; a case report
Authors: Alghawe Fatima , Kudsi Maysoun , Hassan Lilianne H. , Drie Tasneem , Dumirieh Sumaya 
Published: November 2024

Introduction and importance:
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is an infrequent systemic condition that affects males more than females. Fatigue, arthralgia, salivary and lacrimal gland enlargement, symptoms of pancreatitis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and retroperitoneal fibrosis are the frequent manifestations. The spectrum of IgG4-related thyroid disease includes Hashimoto thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, and Riedel thyroiditis.

Case presentation:
We presented a 49‐year‐old male presented with progressive painless swallowing of the neck for a year without any accompanying symptoms.

Conclusion:
Expanding goiter is common, but its severity leads to the rare diagnosis of IgG4-related thyroiditis.
Long-term Morbidity of Traumatic Brain Injury Following Facial Fracture
Authors: Moore Reece A. , Kowalske Benjamin , Lucchesi Beatrice , Pletcher Jocelyn , Sperati Jamie , Ford Ronald , Carlson Anna 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is underreported in craniofacial trauma patients, and the long-term morbidity of TBI associated with craniofacial trauma is poorly defined. Current literature is limited in scope to TBI identification in the immediate posttrauma time frame.

Methods:
A retrospective, cohort analysis of adult facial fracture patients presenting from February 2022 to February 2023 was performed. Data were collected for demographics, mechanism of injury, fracture pattern, Glasgow Coma Score, admission status, operative intervention, and concomitant injuries. Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire surveys were given for evaluation of TBI symptoms at most recent follow-up. Statistical significance was accepted when the P value was less than 0.05.

Results:
Of 232 facial fracture patients, 82 (35%) completed the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. The mean age was 49.8 years, and mean follow-up time was 11.6 months (range, 2–22 mo). The rate of all patients with TBI symptoms at follow-up was 32.9%. Mechanism of injury, presence of multiple fractures, Glasgow Coma Score less than 15, concomitant injuries, and admission status were not significant predictors of TBI. Fractures requiring operative intervention had higher rates of TBI compared with nonoperative fractures (47.1% versus 22.9%, P = 0.02). Operative intervention was the only significant predictor of TBI symptoms at the time of follow-up (odds ratio: 6.268; 95% confidence interval: 1.322–29.744; P = 0.021) by multivariable logistic regression.

Conclusions:
Craniofacial trauma is associated with persistent TBI symptoms. Surgeons treating this trauma population should screen for TBI to facilitate disease identification and specialty referral.
Decoding the Impact of AI on Microsurgery: Systematic Review and Classification of Six Subdomains for Future Development
Authors: Kapila Ayush K. , Georgiou Letizia , Hamdi Moustapha 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) in microsurgery has tremendous potential in plastic and reconstructive surgery, with possibilities to elevate surgical precision, planning, and patient outcomes. This systematic review seeks to summarize available studies on the implementation of AI in microsurgery and classify these into subdomains where AI can revolutionize our field.

Methods:
Adhering to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a meticulous search strategy was used across multiple databases. The inclusion criteria encompassed articles that explicitly discussed AI’s integration in microsurgical practices. Our aim was to analyze and classify these studies across subdomains for future development.

Results:
The search yielded 2377 articles, with 571 abstracts eligible for screening. After shortlisting and reviewing 86 full-text articles, 29 studies met inclusion criteria. Detailed analysis led to the classification of 6 subdomains within AI applications in microsurgery, including information and knowledge delivery, microsurgical skills training, preoperative planning, intraoperative navigational aids and automated surgical tool control, flap monitoring, and postoperative predictive analytics for patient outcomes. Each subtheme showcased the multifaceted impact of AI on enhancing microsurgical procedures, from preoperative planning to postoperative recovery.

Conclusions:
The integration of AI into microsurgery signals a new dawn of surgical innovation, albeit with the caution warranted by its nascent stage and application diversity. The authors present a systematic review and 6 clear subdomains across which AI will likely play a role within microsurgery. Continuous research, ethical diligence, and cross-disciplinary cooperation is necessary for its successful integration within our specialty.
Treatment of Alar Deformity After Cosmetic Surgery
Authors: Ohba Norihiro , Haraoka Goichi , Ohba Mayuko , Takahashi Norio 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Nasal alar deformity after cosmetic surgery, including nostril sill notching, alar flattening, and a shallow and indistinct alar-facial crease, commonly results from overresection. We developed revision methods for postoperative alar deformity, and applied them from 2016 to 2022 to the revision of 16 cases, consisting of 1 male and 15 female patients, with a median age of 28.5 years.

Methods:
Auricular cartilage grafting was used as the main technique to improve alar flattening and notching without risking a poor color match as is seen in composite grafting. Notching was also improved by adding an alar lobule island flap if there was usable excess tissue on the lateral side of the ala. Two cinching sutures were used to define the alar-facial crease.

Results:
Median follow-up was 9.25 months (range, 0.5–96 mo). All lobule flaps survived. Cartilage graft infection occurred in 1 case, requiring removal of the graft.

Conclusions:
Alar flattening and other deformities often result from too-aggressive nasal cosmetic surgery. These can be corrected using lobule flaps and auricular cartilage grafts, which, unlike composite grafts, do not undergo degeneration with the associated risk of ischemia or discoloration.
Best Behaviors: Leveraging Neuroscience to Enhance Leadership Skills
Authors: Frisina Michael E. 
Published: November 2024

Integrating neuroscience strategies in the creation of leadership development programs can significantly increase their effectiveness. Neuroscience offers insights into how the brain processes information, learns, and adapts, allowing program designers to tailor leadership training to specific individual needs and thereby generate optimal outcomes.
Understanding brain functions related to leadership skills—such as decision-making, emotional regulation, and stress management—is crucial for effective leadership performance. Programs should leverage this knowledge by incorporating activities that stimulate the brain regions responsible for these skills. For instance, interactive and experiential learning can engage the brain’s prefrontal cortex, which is essential for executive functions like problem-solving.
Negative stress impacts brain performance in a variety of ways, disrupting leadership performance. Neuroscience confirms that managing stress improves cognitive flexibility and critical thinking abilities. Training that includes mindfulness practices and other stress management techniques can help leaders stay focused and manage their emotions more effectively.
Finally, incorporating social and collaborative learning opportunities aligns with the brain’s social networks, which are essential for leadership development. Peer interactions and mentorship can enhance learning through social feedback and shared experiences. By applying these neuroscience-based strategies, leadership development programs can more effectively foster the cognitive and emotional skills necessary for effective leadership.
Do Physician Assistant Professional Doctorate Missions and Learning Outcomes Align With the Physician Assistant Professional Competencies?
Authors: McQuillan Matthew A. , Asprey David , Brown Darwin , Quincy Brenda , Snyder Jennifer A. , Sivahop Jacqueline 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
There are little published data about curricula of physician assistant (PA) postprofessional doctoral programs. This study examined current mission statements and learning outcomes for common and emerging themes aligned with the PA professional competencies.

Methods
This qualitative study examined postprofessional doctoral programs that matriculated PAs as of December 2023. Program web sites were analyzed for mission or purpose statements and learning outcomes. Open coding of the PA professional competencies generated a final code list. Mission and purpose statements and learning outcomes were uploaded into ATLAS.ti and compared with the code list for common and emerging themes. Investigator triangulation confirmed themes.

Results
Twenty-two programs had mission statements on their websites. The most identified competency theme was the development of leadership skills (64%). Sixteen programs had learning outcomes for 30 concentrations. The most common competency themes in the concentrations' learning outcomes included knowledge/evidence (50%), leadership (40%), and communication (37%). Emerging themes comprised engaging in scholarly activity (29%) and performing research (37%).

Discussion
Because leadership was the most common theme in mission or purpose statements and learning outcomes, additional leadership training appears to be an area of focus for postprofessional PA programs. Despite common themes across the programs, there appears to be diversity in the areas of content focused on meeting the program's prospective students' needs more than alignment with the competencies. Including research and scholarly activity within postprofessional doctoral programs raises the question of whether this is an emerging area of focus that should be included in the PA professional competencies.