bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Metformin Therapy on Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Prediabetes With Stable Angina and Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Stenosis: The CODYCE Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Sardu Celestino , Paolisso Pasquale , Sacra Cosimo , Mauro Ciro , Minicucci Fabio , Portoghese Michele , Rizzo Maria Rosaria , Barbieri Michelangela , Sasso Ferdinando Carlo , D’Onofrio Nunzia , Balestrieri Maria Luisa , Calabrò Paolo , Paolisso Giuseppe , Marfella Raffaele 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of metformin therapy on coronary endothelial function and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with prediabetes with stable angina and nonobstructive coronary stenosis (NOCS).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Metformin therapy may be needed to reduce coronary heart disease risk in patients with prediabetes. A total of 258 propensity score–matched (PSM) patients with stable angina undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled in the study. Data from 86 PSM subjects with normoglycemia (NG), 86 PSM subjects with prediabetes (pre-DM), and 86 PSM subjects with prediabetes treated with metformin (pre-DM metformin) were analyzed. During coronary angiography, NOCS was categorized by luminal stenosis &lt;40% and fractional flow reserve &gt;0.80. In addition, we assessed the endothelial function, measuring coronary artery diameter of left anterior descending coronary (LAD) at baseline and after the infusion of acetylcholine, by means of an intracoronary Doppler guide wire. MACE, as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and heart failure, was evaluated at 24 months of follow-up.

RESULTS
At baseline, NG patients had a lower percentage of LAD endothelial dysfunction compared with pre-DM patients (P &lt; 0.05). The pre-DM patients had a higher percentage of endothelial LAD dysfunction as compared with the pre-DM metformin patients (P &lt; 0.05). At the 24th month of follow-up, MACE was higher in pre-DM versus NG (P &lt; 0.05). In pre-DM metformin patients, MACE was lower compared with pre-DM patients (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Metformin therapy may reduce the high risk of cardiovascular events in pre-DM patients by reducing coronary endothelial dysfunction.
Aplicações do Crowdsourcing na Gestão de Marketing
Authors: Toledo Luciano Augusto , Madeira Adriana Beatriz , Garber Marcos Fernando , Aguero Felix Hugo 
Published: February 2019

Crowdsourcing é um termo recém-desenvolvido que se refere ao processo de coparticipação das atividades de uma empresa por meio de uma comunidade online, de forma aberta e/ou fechada. Qualquer membro desta comunidade pode completar tarefas atribuídas e ser pago ou não. Apesar de ter origem no setor de computação, as empresas começaram a usar crowdsourcing para uma variada gama de tarefas. Verifica-se que as empresas estão utilizando crowdsourcing para a consecução das tarefas relacionadas com o mercado, concentrando-se em três grandes áreas: desenvolvimento de produto, publicidade, promoção e pesquisa de marketing. Este trabalho fará uso da pesquisa qualitativa por meio do método do caso. A unidade de análise a ser utilizada será as atividades de marketing embasadas no crowdsourcing. Por fim os sujeitos de estudo para a compreensão do fenômeno a ser estudado foram COCA COLA, PEPSICO, NETFLIX e AMAZON.
Risk Factors and Pathophysiology of Contrast- Induced Nephropathy after Contrast Enhanced Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Karmazanovsky G. G. , Revishvili A. Sh. 
Published: February 2019

Introduction.The number of contrast enhanced MDCT is growing everywhere. The risk adverse events after intravascular injection of contrast media increased also. One of these adverse events is an acute renal injury (known in the literature as a “contrast-induced nephropathy, CIN”). Literature data are often contradictory. We need an objective analysis of information on the incidence of CIN and evaluation of risk groups for MDCT-CIN.Theaimof the study: the evaluation of factors affecting the development of CIN, understanding of its pathophysiology, including patients with diabetes mellitus, at contrast-enhanced MDCT.Material and methods. 62 English-language scientific publications, the full text of which and bibliography is available for search in PubMed (2013–2016 years), were analyzed. Factors of pathophysiology of CIN were divided into groups and subgroups for critical analysis and understanding the contraindications to the use of contrast-enhanced MDCT in the diagnostic process.Results.Age older than 65 years, low baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), diabetes, low levels of serum albumin, hypertension predispose patients to CIN more often than the modified baseline serum creatinine. Intravenous injection of low osmolar CM is not a risk factor in patients with eGFR ≥45 ml /kg /1.73 m2. SCr levels may vary to levels greater than or less than 25% of baseline even without administration of iodinated CM and may not be a reliable diagnostic test.Conclusion.The introduction into the everyday practice of screening CIN such test as the eGFR, considering the risk of CIN threshold level lower than 45 mL/ min / 1.73 m2, will reduce the risk of misidentification of CIN in a large number of adult inpatients with a threshold level of serum creatinine (SCr) > 1,5 mg /dl.
Post-Processing of Digital Radiographs in the Practice of Radiologist
Authors: Kamyshanskaya I. G. 
Published: February 2019

The purpose: analysis of the use by radiologists techniques of post-processing of digital radiographs and the development of practical recommendations on their application.Materials and methods.The technique of post-processing was taken for analysis: negative/positive; filters/optimization of dynamic range; the intensification of the contours and smoothing; image magnification; level/window width densities, and gamma correction. Compiled questionnaire, which the doctor and the radiologist had to answer the questions of how often he uses a particular technique of digital image processing; which, in some cases, the study of what organs he uses post-processing? In total, we analyzed 18 questionnaires and their own experience in digital x-ray machines since 2003.Results.On the basis of interviews and our own experience, the author recommends that you always use the techniques of post-processing x-ray images, starting with the optimization of the dynamic range / filter, which greatly improves the quality of the picture.Conclusions.1. Doctors radiologists in the majority of cases (83%) use the methods of post-processing to analyse digital radiographs. 2. Additional option of post-processing are used most of the time (90–100%), this level and the window width, the intensification of the contours increase.3. Command path smoothing is applied in 1/3 cases (33%).4. Rarely used to optimize dynamic range and FonEqualize.5. Understanding all of the options post-processing of digital radiographs and their active use in practice of the radiologist, will improve the accuracy of x-ray, to avoid repeated shots, and as a consequence, to reduce the radiation dose of the patient.6. Recommended: start post-processing images with optimal dynamic range/filter; for detail is necessary – to change the level/window width, zoom in, sharpen the contours.
Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Magnetic Transfer Effect in Differential Diagnosis of Hemangiomas and Metastases of Liver
Authors: Sannikov M. Yu. , Borodin O. Yu. , Ermakova A. A. , Kolotushkina A. A. 
Published: February 2019

Objective: to investigate the operating characteristics of contrast MRI of the liver using magnetization transfer effect in the differential diagnosis of hemangiomas and metastatic lesions in comparison with dynamic contrast.Material and methods. The material of the study were dynamic contrast MRI images of 25 patients with diagnosis of direction of focal liver lesion. Inclusion criteria were detection of typical MR-semiotic for hemangioma (n = 10 to 40% of cases) or multiple liver metastases (n = 15 to 60% of cases).In the group with metastases exclusion criteria was the primary detection of obscure single focal lesions, as well as the diagnosis of other primary tumors, in particular cholangiocellular cancer (n = 1). All MRI studies were performed using MRI Toshiba Titan Octave with of 1.5 Tesla magnetic field. T1-weighted static contrast MRI investigation of liver performed after 3–5 minutes after a series of dynamic contrast MRI with modes: T1-FE-FSat and T1-TSEMTS (Δf = -210 Hz, FA = 600°). The magnevist at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg was used as a contrast agent. Each focal liver lesion differentiated between hemangiomaand metastasis with the calculation of contrast ratio (CR) for each lesion. Statistical analysis of CR was performed using T-test and T-test Welch. The sensitivity and specificity parameters were compared during the ROC-analysis.Results. In our statistical analysis groups formed not from patients, because we were compared results about focal lesions of a liver referred to metastasis or hemangiomas. All the patients included in a research had focal lesions mostly multiple and in the comparative analysis of contrast ratio in the T1-FE-FSat and T1-TSE-MTC was carried out on 21 (20%) hemangiomas and 84 (80%) metastasises. The significant (p < 10–4) contrast enhancement using T1-TSE-MTS, as in the case of hemangiomas and in metastatic lesions relative to T1-FE-FSat revealed by comparing the CRs. No significant differences were found in the differentiation of hemangiomas and liver metastases in modes T1-FE-FSat and T1-TSE-MTS when paired comparison of ROC-curves (p > 0.18). No significant differences were found when paired comparison of CRs between hemangiomas in T1-FE-FSat mode and metastases in T1-TSEMTSimages (p > 0.8). An additive effect (sensitivity and specificity – 98.8% and 85.7%) occurs when we used to CRcomm=35.7% in T1-FE-FSat modes and T1-TSE-MTS.Conclusions. 1. Contrast MRI using magnetization transfer effect allows significantly increase the contrast of focal liver formations on the type of hemangiomas and metastases. 2. The achieved contrast level in 2D TSE images with magnetization transfer effect of liver metastatic foci corresponds to that of hemangiomas in 2D FE mode. 3. Maximum parameters of sensitivity and specificity in the differential diagnosis of hemangiomas and liver metastases obtained by using 2D-FE-FSat and 2D-TSE-MTC in post contrast phase.
The Error of Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cystic Lesion Using CEUS (Case Report)
Authors: Askerova N. N. , Askerova A. N. , Stepanova Yu. A. , Vetsheva N. N. , Glotov A. V. 
Published: February 2019

The use of the contrast agent SonoVue has been allowed in Russia since June 2014. Since then, russian experts have been accumulating their own experience in the contrast agent application for various diseases. The analysis of the obtained data showed that, besides the typical characteristics of the lesions enhancement, described in the literature, there can be atypical cases due to various causes (longterm course of the disease, co-morbidity). We present a clinical case of pancreas cystic lesion in female patient, that was misunderstood as a cystic tumor preoperatively. Considering the epithelial lining nature, absence of the accurate signs of the presence of an ovarian-like stroma, and also the significant secondary changes in the cystic wall such as hyalinosis, cholesterol deposits and macrophage accumulations, the lesion was interpreted as a long-standing pancreatic retention cyst with secondary changes by a morphological study. The features of the enhancement patterns of this lesion can be explained by the presence of significant secondary changes in the wall of cyst, that was first diagnosed in this patient 10 years ago.
CT in the Assessment of the Depth of Tumor Invasion of Colon Cancer
Authors: Beketova O. G. , Silanteva N. K. , Berezovskaya T. P. 
Published: February 2019

Objective: to study the symptoms of tumor lesions of colon and to determine the CT criteria for assessing the depth of tumor invasion in patients with colon cancer.Materials and methods. CT data were analyzed at 121 patients with colon cancer. All patients were fully resected and CT data were compared with data of morphological studies. Staging was performed according to TNM classification 7th ed. (2009).Results.We evaluated CT symptoms of tumor lesions in comparison with the data of pathological category T (pT): type of tumor, its structure, the condition of the external colon contour, the state of paracolon fat and its density, the presence of fat image between the tumor and adjacent organs and tissues, CT signs of invasion of malignant process in the neighboring organs and adjacent structures. For tumors with extraintestinal growth (T3–4 category) are characteristic CT symptoms: tumor heterogeneous structure (p < 0.001) with a fuzzy outer contour of the colon in the affected area (p < 0.05), the presence of changes in the paracolon fat whose density −76,95 HU and more, the invasion into adjacent organs at T4 category. The diagnostic efficiency of CT in determining T3–4 category was as follows: 90.9% accuracy, sensitivity 93.6%, specificity of 81.5%.Conclusions. Computed tomography is a highly informative method for determining extraorgan spread of colon cancer, which allows to determine the amount of preoperative surgical treatment and adjust treatment tactics.
Efficacy of 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT PET/CT for Assessment of Chemoradiotherapy in Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Clinical Observation)
Authors: Meshcheryakova N. A. , Dolgushin M. B. , Borisova T. N. , Davydov M. M. , Laktionov K. K. 
Published: February 2019

PET/CT offers the most advanced possibilities for visualization of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) nowadays. 18F-FDG PET/CT plays a significant role in staging of NSCLC, choosing of treatment strategy, planning of radiation therapy and evaluation of its efficacy. Clinical observation of the patient with non-small cell lung cancer with response assessments by 18F-FDG and 18FFLT PET/CT during the course of chemoirradiation is demonstrated. There was a correlation between 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT PET/CT with advantage of 18F-FLT PET/CT for early response evaluation. The combination of 18F-FDG and 18FFLT PET/CT will be helpful to personalize chemoirradiation and to predict response more accurately. The presented clinical case demonstrated the possibilities of 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT PET/CT for assessment of treatment efficacy in patient with non-small cell lung cancer.
Diagnostic Value of 1st and 2nd Generation Computer Aided Detection Systems for Mammography: a Comparative Assessment
Authors: Pasynkov D. V. , Egoshin I. A. , Kolchev A. A. , Kliouchkin I. V. , Busygina O. V. 
Published: February 2019

Aim: to compare the diagnostic efficacy of generation I and II computer aided detection (CAD) systems for mammography of our own design using the large set of unselect ed mammography images obtained in a routine clinical practice settings. Material and methods. Both CADs were tested on the set of 1532 mammography images of 356 women with confirmed breast cancer (BC). We assessed their value in the detection of suspicious areas with various characteristics located on the different density background. Size of BC lesions varied from 4 to 35 mm (mean – 13,4 ± 6,3 mm). We excluded BC representing only with microcalcification clusters from this analysis, because this task is solved using the separate universal module compatible with both CADs.Results. For I and II generation CADs we obtained the following results: detection of small nodular BCs (≤10 mm) – 41 of 52 (78.85%) and 48 of 52 (92.31%; p > 0.05), respectively; detection of BCs visible as asymmetric areas – 18 of 18 (100%) and 13 of 18 (72.2%; p > 0.05), respectively; detection of only partially visible masses – 15 of 18 (83.3%) and 17 of 18 (94.4%; p > 0.05); detection of lesions poorly visible or invisible on standard mammography images due to the high density background (C-D types according to the ACR 2013 classification) – 9 of 16 (56.3%) and 7 of 16 (70.0%; p = 0.046). Total detection rate was 88.76% (316 of 356 cases) – for CAD I and 90.73% (323 of 356 cases; р > 0.05) – for CAD II. Mean false positive marks rate was 1.8 and 1.3 per image, respectively, – for ACR А-В images and 2.6 and 1.8 per image, respectively – for ACR C-D images (p < 0.05).Conclusion. Generally the diagnostic value of CAD II is not inferior that of CAD I in all analyzed situations, except the poorly visible or invisible lesions on the dense breast background. Moreover, CAD II is probably superior CAD I in the detection of spiculated small masses. The rate of false positive marks was significantly higher for CAD I.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Traumatic Injuries Knee Joint
Authors: Abdusharipov M. A. , Matrizayeva G. D. , Abdullayeva D. K. , Khudayberganov D. G. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: verification of reliability of MRI signs of damage to the structures of the knee joint in comparison with the data of arthroscopy knee joints.Materials and methods. 59 patients were examined (59 knee joints: 41 right (69.5%) and 18 left (30.5%)) with various knee injuries, aged 17 to 49 years (mean age 33.6 years). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and medical diagnostic arthroscopy.Results. The sensitivity of the MRI to the diagnosis of meniscus ruptures was highest: 91.7% for the lateral meniscus and 95.4% for the medial meniscus. At the same time, in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures, the MRI examination does not have such a high sensitivity (88.2%). In addition to the above features, MRI provides the ability to determine the damage to bone and cartilage structures. And also according to MRT it is possible to determine the plan of surgical intervention for tears of meniscuses and cruciate ligaments.Conclusion. The obtained data confirm sufficient efficiency of MRI for diagnostics of damages of knee joint structures. Further improvement of methods and increase in experience of interpretation of images will probably reduce amount of false positive and false-negative results in the future.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Vagina and Pelvic Organs in Women who Underwent Antitumor Treatment for Female Genital Cancer
Authors: Aksenova S. P. , Nudnov N. V. , Kreynina Yu. M. 
Published: February 2019

Objective. To clarify MRI semiotics of non-neoplastic changes in the vagina in women undergoing treatment for cancer of the female genital organs.Materials and methods. 141 patients with suspected tumor vaginal involvement were included in the study. In all the patients, the diagnosis was confirmed morphologically. According to the study, a tumor lesion of the vagina was established in 96 (68.1%) patients, with primary vaginal cancer detected in only 11 (11%) of the examined, the largest number of cases was a secondary organ damage – 85 (89%). The basis for differential diagnosis was the results of a comprehensive MR-study of 45 (31.9%) patients who did not receive data for the new formation, but determined the posttherapeutic changes in the small pelvis. MR-studies were performed on a Toshiba Vantage Atlas, 1.5T. A multiparametric MRI protocol was used for the study of pelvic organs, including T2WI with and without suppression of fat tissue signal, T1WI, diffusion-weighted images, T1WI with dynamic contrast enhancement. For the purpose of moderate expansion of the physiological folding of the vagina, we used an MP-compatible plastic applicator.Results. In the course of monitoring changes in the form of fibrosis of the dome of the vaginal stump were determined in 51.9% of observations, fibrous thickening of the vaginal walls with a narrowing of its lumen – in 18.5% of observations, prolonged edema of the vaginal tissues with a moderate change in anatomo-topographic relationships – in 73.3% of observations. In 12 (26.6%) patients with clinically pronounced fibrosis of the vaginal walls, strictures of different localization, accompanied by dyspareunia, dryness and increased bleeding of the vaginal tissues, even the possibility of examination was significantly limited, and MRI was practically the only complete differential diagnostic method.Conclusion. Knowledge of the anatomy of the operated vagina made it possible to correctly interpret the revealed changes in the vagina, to perform a detailed differentiation between the unchanged tissues of the dome of the vaginal stump and its tumor lesion.
Clinical and Radiation Diagnosisof Renal Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Askerova A. N. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:to analyze the results of preoperative diagnosis and treatment of patients with renal arteriovenous malformation and compare them with the literature data.Materials and methods.5 patients with renal arteriovenous malformations were examined for the period from 2014 to2016 in the FSBI "A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery» MH RF, where simultaneously there are clinical departments of urology and vascular surgery, 4 of them were treated. All patients were female. The mean age was 31.8 ± 6.7 years (24–41 years). Ultrasound was done to all the patients in B-mode followed by a duplex scan using an abdominal 2–4 MHz convex. MDCT was performed in 4 patients out of 5. Patients underwent multiphase examination on a multidetector CT-scanner Philips Brilliance iCT-256 and Brilliance CT-64 (Philips Medical Systems (Cleveland) with the 120 kV and 100 kV protocols and an intravenous injection of the iodinated contrast agent. Digital subtraction angiography was performed in 3 patients.Results.One-sided lesion occurred in four cases (3 of them (60%) right-sided and 1 (20%) left-sided), in one patient (20%) arteriovenous malformation was bilateral As a result of the analysis of our own material and literature data, the diagnostic criteria of renal arteriovenous malformations according to ultrasound, MDCT and digital subtraction angiography were studied in detail. The results of the examinations of 5 patients with demonstration of ultrasound, MDCT and angiographic images are presented with the visualization of the characteristic features of renal AVM. In addition, the treatment options for such patients with the possibility of preserving the kidney are described.Conclusion.Duplex scanning is an effective method of diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of patients with renal arteriovenous malformations. Preoperative computed tomography and selective digital subtraction angiography provide accurate information about the renal angioarchitectonics and AV-shunts for choosing the treatment tactics and planning the surgical intervention.
Multiple Primary Synchronous-Methacronous Cancer of Kidneys and Prostate Gland (Clinical Case)
Authors: Morozova M. V. , Chekhoeva O. A. , Pyanikin S. S. , Galkin G. V. , Sokolova E. A. , Glotov A. V. 
Published: February 2019

Primary multiple tumors are an independent emergence and development two or more neoplasms in one patient. Thus can be the struck not only different bodies of various systems, but pair bodies (mammary glands, lungs, etc.) also, and one body with multicentric defeat. Primary multiple tumors can be synchronous and metachronous. The increase in frequency of multiple neoplasms is noted in recent years.A clinical observation of a 62-year-old patient with synchronous-metachronous primary-multiple cancer of both kidney and prostate gland is presented. A feature of this observation is multiple lesions of both kidneys, as well as the presence of two different morphological forms of renal cell carcinoma in one kidney (papillary and clear cell). The difficulty in identifying and differentiating kidney tumors with a cystic structure was due to the presence of multiple cysts of both kidneys of different types according to Bosniak.