bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mixed methods study of satisfaction with justice and desire for revenge in survivors of the September 11, 2001, attacks on New York City's World Trade Center
Authors: Ayvaci Emine R. , Pollio David E. , Sonis Jeffrey , Bhatti Saira M. , North Carol S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study used mixed methods to investigate satisfaction with justice and desire for revenge in a sample of employees from New York City agencies affected by the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center.MethodsA volunteer sample of 196 employees of eight affected agencies provided a short essay about what justice means to them in relation to the 9/11 attacks, followed by 20 quantitative questions covering personal experiences and perceptions of 9/11‐related justice. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were performed for bivariate comparisons of quantitative items and qualitative thematic codes. Mixed methods analysis was used to inspect the associations of the content of all text coded for themes with quantitative categories within and across domains.ResultsOnly the revenge domain showed a significant association between the quantitative category and the qualitative theme. The quantitative revenge category was positively associated with the qualitative justice through safety theme. Examination of qualitative content provided insights into the relationships with quantitative constructs.ConclusionQualitative and mixed methods research on justice and revenge in mass casualty settings add new findings to the existing literature and have the potential to contribute to the interpretation and potential expansion of topic areas assessed by quantitative scales.
N‐linked mannose glycoconjugates on shrimp thrombospondin, pmTSP‐II, and their involvement in the sperm acrosome reaction
Authors: Timklay Wauranittha , Magerd Sirilug , Sato Chihiro , Somrit Monsicha , Watthammawut Atthaboon , Senarai Thanyaporn , Weerachatyanukul Wattana , Kitajima Ken , Asuvapongpatana Somluk 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlycoconjugates in egg extracellular matrices are known to serve several functions in reproductive processes. Here, the presence of N‐linked mannose (Man) glycoconjugates on shrimp thrombospondin (
pmTSP‐II) and their physiological functions were investigated in the black tiger shrimp
Penaeus monodon. A molecular analysis of
pmTSP‐II demonstrated anchorage sites for
N‐linked glycans in both the chitin‐binding and TSP3 domains. The presence of Man residues was verified by concanavalin A lectin histochemistry on the purified fraction of
pmTSP‐II (250 kDa with protease inhibitor). The function of the Man glycoconjugates was evident by the Con A interference with the
pmTSP‐II‐induced acrosome reaction (AR) as well as by the ability to recover the induction of the AR by the inclusion of Mans in the treatment mixture. In addition, the recombinant proteins of the three signature
pmTSP‐II domains expressed in
E. coli (lacking glycosylation) and mannosidase‐treated
pmTSP‐II showed a minimal ability to initiate the AR response. Together, these results provide evidence of the pivotal role that Man‐linked
pmTSP‐II plays in modulating the shrimp sperm AR, a novel role for a TSP family protein in shrimp reproductive biology.
Constructing boundary structures of rock blocks
Authors: Zheng Yinhe , Xia Lu , Yu Qingchun 
Published: February 2019

SummaryDetermining rock‐block structures is important for modeling jointed rock masses. This paper presents a method to construct the boundary structures of complex blocks by eliminating fictitious surfaces. The planes involved in forming a complex block are retrieved, and the boundary polygons on each plane are determined using a series of Boolean operations. A regulation method is used to adjust the resulting polygons so that the regulated outer boundary structures can be used directly in the contact‐detection algorithms. The interior fracture boundaries that are not explicitly associated with the formation of blocks are also constructed. These boundary surfaces are valued in hydraulic models to provide conductive channels of fluids in rock masses. The proposed method extends previous developments on block‐identification algorithms, and the constructed boundary structures can be used directly in the modeling process of most discrete models. The program implemented based on this method has been used to study the stability and morphology of blocks in the Three Gorges Project, and several examples are given to further demonstrate the ability and performance of the proposed method.
Enteral Nutrition in the Mechanically Ventilated Patient
Authors: Allen Karen , Hoffman Leah 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMechanically ventilated patients are unable to take food orally and therefore are dependent on enteral nutrition for provision of both energy and protein requirements. Enteral nutrition is supportive therapy and may impact patient outcomes in the intensive care unit. Early enteral nutrition has been shown to decrease complications and hospital length of stay and improve the prognosis at discharge. Nutrition support is unique for patients on mechanical ventilation and, as recently published literature shows, should be tailored to the individuals’ underlying pathology. This review will discuss the most current literature and recommendations for enteral nutrition in patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
Genetic Architecture of Human Obesity Traits in the Rhesus Macaque
Authors: Raboin Michael J. , Letaw John , Mitchell Asia D. , Toffey David , McKelvey Jessica , Roberts Charles T. , Curran Joanne E. , Vinson Amanda 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveWhereas the metabolic consequences of obesity have been studied extensively in the rhesus macaque, corollary genetic studies of obesity are nonexistent. This study assessed genetic contributions to spontaneous adiposity in this species.MethodsPhenotypic variation by age class and sex for BMI, waist to height ratio, waist to thigh ratio, and waist circumference was assessed in 583 macaques. Total and sex‐specific heritability for all traits was estimated, including waist to thigh ratio adjusted for BMI, as well as genotypic and phenotypic correlations. In addition, functional genetic variation at BDNF, FTO, LEP, LEPR, MC4R, PCSK1, POMC, and SIM1 was assessed in four animals with extreme spontaneous adiposity.ResultsTrait heritability in the combined sample was low to moderate (0.14‐0.32), whereas sex‐specific heritability was more substantial (0.20‐0.67). Heritability was greater in females for all traits except BMI. All traits were robustly correlated, with genetic correlations of 0.63 to 0.93 indicating substantial pleiotropy. Likely functional variants were discovered in the four macaques at all eight human obesity genes, including six missense mutations in BDNF, FTO, LEP, LEPR, and PCSK1 and, notably, one nonsense mutation in LEPR.ConclusionsA moderate polygenic contribution to adiposity in rhesus macaques was found, as well as mutations with potentially larger effects in multiple genes that influence obesity in humans.
Piperacillin pharmacokinetics and target attainment in children with cancer and fever: Can we optimize our dosing strategy?
Authors: Maarbjerg Sabine F. , Thorsted Anders , Kristoffersson Anders , Friberg Lena E. , Nielsen Elisabet I. , Wang Mikala , Brock Birgitte , Schrøder Henrik 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundData on piperacillin–tazobactam pharmacokinetics and optimal dosing in children with cancer and fever are limited. Our objective was to investigate piperacillin pharmacokinetics and the probability of target attainment (PTA) with standard intermittent administration (IA), and to simulate PTA in other dosing regimens.ProcedureThis prospective pharmacokinetic study was conducted from April 2016 to January 2018. Children with cancer receiving empiric piperacillin–tazobactam to treat infections were included. Piperacillin–tazobactam 100 mg/kg was infused over 5 min every 8 hours (IA). An optimized sample schedule provided six blood samples per subject for piperacillin concentration determination. The evaluated targets included: (1) 100% time of free piperacillin concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentration (fT > MIC) and (2) 50% fT > 4× MIC. MIC50 and MIC90 were defined based on an intrainstitutional MIC range.ResultsA total of 482 piperacillin concentrations were obtained from 43 children (aged 1–18 years) during 89 fever episodes. Standard IA resulted in insufficient target attainment, with significant differences in piperacillin pharmacokinetics for different body weights. Median fT > MIC was 61.2%, 53.5%, and 36.3% for MIC50 (2.0 mg/L), MIC90 (4.0 mg/L), and breakpoint for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.0 mg/L), respectively. Correspondingly, the median fT > 4× MIC was 43%, 36.3%, and 20.1%. Simulations showed that only continuous infusion reached a PTA of 95% for MIC = 16.0 mg/L, while extended infusion lasting half of the dosing interval reached a PTA of 95% for MIC ≤ 8 mg/L.ConclusionsOur data revealed insufficient PTA with standard IA of piperacillin–tazobactam in children with cancer and fever. Alternative dosing strategies, preferably continuous infusion, are required to ensure adequate PTA.
Effects of medication intake in early pregnancy on the fetal fraction of cell‐free DNA testing
Authors: Kuhlmann‐Capek Maggie , Chiossi Giuseppe , Singh Prapti , Monsivais Luis , Lozovyy Violetta , Gallagher Lauren , Kirsch Nathan , Florence Elizabeth , Petruzzi Victoria , Chang Jeffrey , Buenaventura Sofia , Walden Paul , Gardner Benjamin , Munn Mary , Costantine Maged 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the association between medications intake in early pregnancy and variation in the fetal fraction (FF) in pregnant women undergoing cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) testing.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of women (n = 1051) undergoing cfDNA testing at an academic center. The exposed group included women taking medications (n = 400; 38.1%), while the nonexposed group consisted of women taking no medications (n = 651; 61.9%). Our primary outcome was FF. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses as appropriate.ResultsThe FFs were 8.8% (6.6‐12.1), 8.7% (6.3‐11.6), and 7.7% (5.1‐9.3) among women taking 0, 1, and two or more medications, respectively (P < 0.01). Using multivariable linear mixed effects model, the mean FF was significantly lower among those taking two or more medications compared with the nonexposed group. FF was directly correlated with gestational age at the time of cfDNA testing and inversely correlated with maternal obesity. Exposure to metformin was associated with 1.8% (0.2‐3.4) lower mean FF when compared with the nonexposed group (P = 0.02). Obesity and intake of two or more medications were associated with higher hazard ratio of having a low FF less than 4%.ConclusionsExposure to metformin or two or more medications was associated with decreased FF, and obesity is associated with delay in achieving adequate FF percentage. These findings should be considered while counseling patients on test limitations.
A mixed methods analysis of clozapine errors reported to the National Reporting and Learning System
Authors: Dabba Keval , Elswood Matthew , Ameer Ahmed , Gerrett David , Maidment Ian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeTo review and analyse medication errors related to clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic, that were reported to the National Reporting and Learning System (NRLS).MethodsFollowing extraction of one year of clozapine related errors from the NRLS, a qualitative analysis (thematic analysis and re‐classification) and quantitative analysis was performed.An incident was considered a clozapine error if there was a failure in its medication process (i.e. an error in the prescribing, dispensing, preparing, administering, monitoring or advising of clozapine).Results“Issues with stock/supply/ordering” was the most common theme derived from the qualitative thematic analysis (n = 338), followed by wrong dose/strength/frequency (n = 221) and medication omissions (n = 202). Most errors occurred in the “administration/supply” medication stage. Over half of reported clozapine incidents involved people 26 to 55 years old (n = 830) and 82% of errors were reported by mental health services (n = 1270). Only 1.5% of reports were classed as moderate/severe harm.ConclusionIssues with availability, stock, and supply were found to be the most common causes. This usually entailed a lack of stock to fulfil a patient's dose/supply. Such incidents could potentially be reduced by improved management of the supply process, and liaison between pharmacy and clinical staff. The implementation of emergency drug cupboards at the discretion of an on‐call pharmacist may prove to be a preventative measure for such errors. Despite the potential adverse effects associated with clozapine, very few incidents led to moderate/severe harm. Encouragement of NRLS reporting is recommended for incidents of all degrees of harm.
Does origin determine environmental impacts? Not for bamboos
Authors: Canavan Susan , Kumschick Sabrina , Le Roux Johannes J. , Richardson David M. , Wilson John R.U. 
Published: February 2019

Societal Impact StatementNon‐native species can cause considerable negative impacts in natural ecosystems. Such impacts often are directly due to the fact that these species occur in habitats where they did not evolve. We explored this for bamboos and found that, contrary to the situation in many other plant groups, biogeographic origin was not a strong predictor of the type and severity of environmental impacts caused. We argue that impacts from bamboos are a response to land transformation and disturbance of forest habitats by humans. Therefore, the threats posed by bamboos to highly disturbed forest systems should be the same wherever bamboos are present or planted, and management should adopt similar approaches.Summary

Negative environmental impacts can result from the human‐mediated breakdown of biogeographic boundaries that historically shaped species distributions leading to rapid population expansions, that is, from biological invasions. However, the alteration of natural ecosystems by humans has created opportunities for both native and non‐native species to become weedy. We assessed whether origin status (native or non‐native) matters for the type and magnitude of environmental impacts caused by bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae).

We used a systematic global literature search and the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (EICAT) scheme as the basis for scoring impacts of bamboo species.

We found that the type and severity of recorded impacts were similar in the native and non‐native ranges of weedy bamboos, and that the habitats in which impacts are most often reported (i.e., temperate and tropical forests) were also the same.

Origin was not a strong predictor of environmental impacts for bamboos. Rather, impacts are likely to be a response to human‐mediated land transformation and disturbance of forests. Further research on the mechanisms whereby bamboos impact other species is needed to guide management strategies in their native ranges and as input to risk assessments for new introductions and plantings.
Test method for enhanced mechanical shock fragility statistics accuracy
Authors: Horiguchi Shogo , Saito Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2019

An optimum cushioning package, which is neither excessive nor inadequate, must be designed to ensure cushioning performance that maintains an acceptable failure rate during transportation while also minimizing packaging costs. For this purpose, statistics pertaining to transport hazards and product shock strength must be engaged. The proposed study presents a test method to enhance the statistical accuracy of mechanical shock fragility of products. Sample statistics are invariably unknown; hence, optimum test‐setting values cannot be determined at the beginning. The proposed test method has been devised for determining optimum test‐setting values of the (n + 1)th sample using statistics of n samples being tested. An improvement in the estimation accuracy of the variation coefficient for the critical‐velocity‐change test was confirmed via simulations performed using the proposed method. Optimization of the test‐setting value has also been experimentally confirmed. A comparison of histograms and statistics obtained using experimental results has demonstrated that the proposed method can better estimate distribution shapes compared with the simple method. An example of the application of experimental results to stress‐strength models has also been described. The observed result has a considerable influence on the design of cushioning packages, thereby demonstrating effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bulk and structural convergence at convection‐resolving scales in real‐case simulations of summertime moist convection over land
Authors: Panosetti Davide , Schlemmer Linda , Schär Christoph 
Published: February 2019

Convection‐resolving models (CRMs) are established as a solid framework to simulate moist convection in both numerical weather prediction and regional‐scale climate projections. However, capturing the different scales of the governing processes is challenging. Previous studies have shown that the size and properties of individual clouds and updraughts do not converge until horizontal grid spacings (Δx) of (100 m). We refer to this as structural convergence. On the other hand, a few recent studies have demonstrated that domain‐averaged and integrated tendencies related to a large ensemble of convective cells converge at the kilometre scale. We refer to this as bulk convergence.This study investigates both the bulk convergence of the mean diurnal cycle and spatial distribution of precipitation, clouds and convective transport, and structural convergence of cloud‐scale statistics in real‐case convection‐resolving simulations. Two nine‐day episodes of quasi‐periodic diurnal moist convection are simulated at Δx = 8.8, 4.4, 2.2, 1.1 km and 550 m over the Alps and over Central Germany to compare the results in the presence and in the absence of a mesoscale orographic forcing.Results reveal that bulk convergence is systematically achieved in both episodes for the spatial distribution of the analysed quantities. For their mean diurnal cycle, bulk convergence is generally observed in simulations over the Alps, but not over Central Germany, indicating that the presence of a mesoscale orographic forcing reduces the resolution sensitivity of the bulk flow properties. Structural convergence is confirmed to be not yet fully achieved at the kilometre scale. In particular, the size and strength of the simulated convective updraughts and the size of the smallest clouds are largely determined by Δx.
On the feasibility of quantifying sodium channel Nav1.6 protein in mouse brain using targeted ultra‐high‐performance/electrospray ionization multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry
Authors: Sojo Luis E. , Kwan Rainbow , Dang Cathy , Tung Matthew , Li Jenny 
Published: February 2019

RationaleNav1.6 is a transmembrane voltage gated sodium channel implicated in various forms of epilepsy. Modulation of its activity in epilepsy animal models can be accomplished using inhibitors which may result in changes in its expression. There is a need to generate reliable quantitative measurements of Nav1.6 expression in animal models. This research explores the feasibility of quantifying Nav1.6 expression in mouse brains using targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry.MethodsA combination of in silico tryptic Nav1.6 peptides and MRM transitions were used to select target peptides. This was followed by a simple proteomic work‐up including plasma membrane isolation, trypsin‐based proteolysis and ultra‐high‐performance/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI‐MS/MS) to detect the presence of Nav1.6 in induced HEK293 cells. The unique Nav1.6 peptide, DSLFIPR, was selected as probe for quantifying Nav1.6 levels in brains from C57BL/6J wild‐type mice as well as two kinds of mutants including Scn8aN1768D/+ and heterozygous null Scn8a+/− mice using isotope dilution targeted mass spectrometry.ResultsThe feasibility of using targeted MRM for quantifying Nav1.6 expression in mice brains was demonstrated. Expression of Nav1.6 in brains (hippocampi) from wild‐type and mutant Scn8aN1768D/+ mice were found to be around 0.40 fmol/μg. Mutant null Scn8a+/− heterozygous mice, on the other hand, showed levels of 0.22 fmol/μg as expected based on this particular mutation which only generates 50% of the expression in wild‐type mice. Nav1.6‐overexpressed HEK293 cells showed 3.7 fmol/μg of Nav1.6 expression, suitable for screening new compounds for Nav1.6 blocking activity.ConclusionsThe results of the present feasibility study support the use of DSLFIPIR for quantification of Nav1.6 in brain tissues using UHPL/ESI‐MS/MS.
Two new defatted beef reference materials, CAAS‐1801 and CAAS‐1802, for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio measurements
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Zhao Yan , Rogers Karyne M. , Chen Ailiang , Zhang Tian , Yang Shuming 
Published: February 2019

RationaleIsotope reference materials are essential to enable reliable and comparable isotope data across multiple laboratories. Although many reference materials already exist, the best reference materials should mimic the unknown samples, so new reference materials continue to evolve with the development of isotope research in new product areas.MethodsTwo defatted beef reference materials, CAAS‐1801 and CAAS‐1802, with substantially different δ13C values (due to difference in dietary intake), have been prepared as reference materials for stable C and N isotope analysis of meat tissue. Homogeneity, and short‐ and long‐term stability tests of these reference materials have been performed. The δ13C and δ15N values of both materials were measured for two‐point isotopic normalization against international reference materials by elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). A total of nine international laboratories were selected for the joint evaluation. Cochran statistical analysis yielded the values reported here.ResultsThe defatted beef reference material CAAS‐1801 from Heilongjiang province has a δ13C value of −13.58 ± 0.56‰ relative to VPDB and a δ15N value of 4.23 ± 0.56‰ relative to N2 in air. The defatted beef reference material CAAS‐1802 from Sichuan province has a δ13C value of −25.03 ± 0.45‰ and a δ15N value of 4.36 ± 0.69‰.ConclusionsThe two defatted beef reference materials were found to be isotopically stable across a range of ambient temperatures, and to have low volatility and toxicity, which enables them to be useful as stable isotope reference materials in the field of authentication and traceability of meat.
Molecular Rearrangement of Trinuclear Cu(I)‐NHC: Synthesis of Mono, Binuclear and Polymeric Cu(I)‐NHCs
Authors: Santra Biswajit 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA trinuclear Cu(I)‐NHC [Cu3(py2im)3](PF6)3 (1) has been synthesized in a very short period of time (5‐10 min) in multi‐gram scale using less expensive Cu(OAc)2⋅H2O and py2imH⋅PF6 in presence of L‐ascorbic acid in CH3OH under aerobic conditions at room temperature. Further, a very facile synthetic route has been developed to obtain a mononuclear [Cu(py2im)(phen)](PF6) (3), binuclear [Cu2(py2im)3](PF6)2 (2) and 1D polymeric chain of Cu(I)‐NHC {[Cu(py2im)(4,4′‐bpy)](PF6)}n (4), {[Cu(py2im)(bpe)](PF6)}n (5), {[Cu(py2im)(bpe)](PF6)}n.{[Cu2(py2im)3](PF6)}n (6) and {[Cu(py2im)(azpy)](PF6)}n (7) from a trinuclear Cu(I)‐NHC cluster (1) using additional linear bridging co‐ligands such as 4,4′‐bipyridine (bpy), trans‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethene (bpe), 4,4′‐azobispyridine (azpy) etc. In CH3CN, 4 and 5 were rearranged to adamantanoid core 3D Cu(I)‐MOF {[Cu(bpy)2](PF6)}n (8) and {[Cu(bpe)2](PF6)}n (9), respectively. X‐ray crystallographic structure of 6 exhibits two molecules of 2 which was trapped between two polymeric chains.