bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Whole Mantle Convection Driving Cordilleran Tectonics
Authors: Spencer C. J. , Murphy J. B. , Hoiland C. W. , Johnston S. T. , Mitchell R. N. , Collins W. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeducing mechanisms for advance and retreat of magmatic arcs is fundamental to understanding accretionary tectonics and the evolution of continents. However, first‐order explanations of large spatial and long temporal changes in magmatic arcs remain elusive. We present isotopic evidence that Cordilleran magmatic arc systems were controlled by spherical harmonic degree‐2 mantle convection and characterized by two antipodal upwellings bisected by a meridional downwelling. Once established, the meridional “subduction girdle” drives hemispheric slab rollback and remains the locus of Cordilleran oceanic arcs. Continual westward migration of the North and South American continents led to arc advancement and consumption of back‐arc basins, culminating in arc‐continent collisions and reversals of subduction polarity. Continental arcs initiated diachronously as North and South America arrived at the subduction girdle and oceanic arcs were accreted. Systematic patterns in radiogenic isotopes along the Cordilleran system support that slab dynamics are controlled, to first order, by long‐wavelength mantle convection.
Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances at Mars
Authors: Collinson Glyn , McFadden James , Mitchell David , Grebowsky Joseph , Benna Mehdi , Espley Jared , Jakosky Bruce 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report the first extraterrestrial observation of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) in the ionosphere of Mars (below ≈160 km) by NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. TIDs are ionospheric waves manifesting as an oscillation in density, velocity, and composition of ionospheric plasma. The TIDs were encountered in the Martian dynamo region, where ions are collisionally bound to the neutral thermosphere but electrons remain frozen in to the local magnetic field. The underlying physical mechanism for the periodic ionospheric waves appears to be a bulk motion of the entire ionosphere driven by atmospheric gravity waves in the surrounding thermosphere which have propagated upward from the lower atmosphere. Magnetic perturbations were observed in association with the TIDs, which we attribute to electromagnetic induction from the bulk motion of the ionosphere. We thus demonstrate that atmospheric disturbances near the surface of Mars can propagate upward through the entire thickness of the atmosphere and drive ionospheric perturbations at spacecraft altitudes.
Three‐Dimensional Magnetic Reconnection With a Spatially Confined X‐Line Extent: Implications for Dipolarizing Flux Bundles and the Dawn‐Dusk Asymmetry
Authors: Liu Yi‐Hsin , Li T. C. , Hesse M. , Sun W. J. , Liu J. , Burch J. , Slavin J. A. , Huang K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUsing 3‐D particle‐in‐cell simulations, we study magnetic reconnection with the X‐line being spatially confined in the current direction. We include thick current layers to prevent reconnection at two ends of a thin current sheet that has a thickness on an ion inertial (di) scale. The reconnection rate and outflow speed drop significantly when the extent of the thin current sheet in the current direction is
. When the thin current sheet extent is long enough, we find that it consists of two distinct regions; a suppressed reconnecting region (on the ion‐drifting side) exists adjacent to the active region where reconnection proceeds normally as in a 2‐D case with a typical fast rate value ≃0.1. The extent of this suppression region is ≃O(10di), and it suppresses reconnection when the thin current sheet extent is comparable or shorter. The time scale of current sheet thinning toward fast reconnection can be translated into the spatial scale of this suppression region, because electron drifts inside the ion diffusion region transport the reconnected magnetic flux, which drives outflows and furthers the current sheet thinning, away from this region. This is a consequence of the Hall effect in 3‐D. While the existence of this suppression region may explain the shortest possible azimuthal extent of dipolarizing flux bundles at Earth, it may also explain the dawn‐dusk asymmetry observed at the magnetotail of Mercury, which has a global dawn‐dusk extent much shorter than that of Earth.
East Pacific Rise Core PS75/059‐2: Glacial‐to‐Deglacial Stratigraphy Revisited
Authors: Ronge Thomas A. , Sarnthein Michael , Roberts Jenny , Lamy Frank , Tiedemann Ralf 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAge control and paleoceanographic evidence of marine sediment records might be challenged if authors solely build their stratigraphy on visual correlation to apparently well‐dated records from the same ocean basin, using, for example, highly resolved X‐ray fluorescence‐based element‐count records and correlation tools such as AnalySeries. While per se perfectly reasonable, this approach bears the risk of missing stratigraphic gaps in the sedimentary record and thus might result in imprecise and/or flawed interpretations. Here we present a unique series of 14 planktic 14C ages from a 7‐cm section of East Pacific Rise core PS75/059‐2. The ages suggest a 14‐ky‐long period of low‐to‐zero deposition during Last Glacial Maximum, mainly marked by continuous redistribution of winnowed foraminifers, probably the result of enhanced bottom currents, moreover, by some bioturbational mixing. On the basis of this data we demonstrate the impact of the hiatus on a South Pacific transect of apparent benthic ventilation ages (ΔΔ14C values) and their meaning for estimates of CO2 stored in Last Glacial Maximum Pacific deep waters.
Ecohydrologic Error Models for Improved Bayesian Inference in Remotely Sensed Catchments
Authors: Tang Yating , Marshall Lucy , Sharma Ashish , Ajami Hoori , Nott David J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLeaf area index (LAI) is an important vegetation indicator widely used for simulating vegetation dynamics and quantifying biomass production. Spatial and temporal variability of LAI are often characterized using satellite remote sensing products. However, these types of satellite products often have relatively low quality when compared to in situ measurements. This work presents an approach for characterizing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer LAI observation errors in a Bayesian ecohydrological modeling framework using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer quality flags data. We introduce a novel ecohydrologic error model, which partitions observation and model residual error according to the estimated retrieval uncertainty of LAI and the quality flags for each pixel. We examine our approach in two study catchments in Australia with varying degrees of good and poor quality satellite LAI data. Results show improved LAI predictions and less model residual error for both catchments when accounting for satellite observational uncertainties in a Bayesian framework.
Atypical functional connectivity in adolescents and adults with persistent and remitted ADHD during a cognitive control task
Authors: Michelini Giorgia , Jurgiel Joseph , Bakolis Ioannis , Cheung Celeste H. M. , Asherson Philip , Loo Sandra K. , Kuntsi Jonna , Mohammad-Rezazadeh Iman 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe previously provided initial evidence for cognitive and event-related potential markers of persistence/remission of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood to adolescence and adulthood. Here, using a novel brain-network connectivity approach, we aimed to examine whether task-based functional connectivity reflects a marker of ADHD remission or an enduring deficit unrelated to ADHD outcome. High-density EEG was recorded in a follow-up of 110 adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD (87 persisters, 23 remitters) and 169 typically developing individuals during an arrow-flanker task, eliciting cognitive control. Functional connectivity was quantified with network-based graph-theory metrics before incongruent (high-conflict) target onset (pre-stimulus), during target processing (post-stimulus) and in the degree of change between pre-stimulus/post-stimulus. ADHD outcome was examined with parent-reported symptoms and impairment using both a categorical (DSM-IV) and a dimensional approach. Graph-theory measures converged in indicating that, compared to controls, ADHD persisters showed increased connectivity in pre-stimulus theta, alpha, and beta and in post-stimulus beta (all p < .01) and reduced pre-stimulus/post-stimulus change in theta connectivity (p < .01). In the majority of indices showing ADHD persister–control differences, ADHD remitters differed from controls (all p < .05) but not from persisters. Similarly, connectivity measures were unrelated to continuous outcome measures of ADHD symptoms and impairment in participants with childhood ADHD. These findings indicate that adolescents and young adults with persistent and remitted ADHD share atypical over-connectivity profiles and reduced ability to modulate connectivity patterns with task demands, compared to controls. Task-based functional connectivity impairments may represent enduring deficits in individuals with childhood ADHD irrespective of diagnostic status in adolescence/young adulthood.
Umbilical cord blood versus unrelated donor transplantation in adults with primary refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia: a report from Eurocord, the Acute Leukemia Working Party and the Cord Blood Committee of the Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party of the EBMT
Authors: Baron Frédéric , Labopin Myriam , Ruggeri Annalisa , Ehninger Gerhard , Bonifazi Fransesca , Stelljes Matthias , Sanz Jaime , Stuhler Gernot , Bosi Alberto , Kröger Nicolaus , Van Lint Maria Teresa , Ganser Arnold , Forcade Edouard , Mohty Mohamad , Gluckman Eliane , Nagler Arnon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe role of umbilical cord blood transplantation (CBT) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with active disease at allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains poorly investigated. In this study, we compared transplantation outcomes of 2963 patients with primary refractory or relapsed AML given CBT, 10/10 HLA-matched UD, or 9/10 HLA-matched UD allo-HCT from 2004 to 2015 at EBMT-affiliated centers. Neutrophil engraftment and complete remission rates in CBT, UD 10/10, and UD 9/10 recipients were 75 and 48%, 93 and 69%, and 93 and 70%, respectively. In multivariate Cox analyses, in comparison with CBT (n = 285), UD 10/10 recipients (n = 2001) had a lower incidence of relapse (HR = 0.7, P = 0.001), a lower incidence of non relapse mortality (HR = 0.6, P < 0.001), better GVHD-free and leukemia-free survival (GRFS, HR = 0.8, P < 0.001) and better survival (HR = 0.6, P < 0.001). Further, in comparison with CBT, 9/10 UD recipients (n = 677) also had a lower incidence of relapse (HR = 0.8, P = 0.02), a lower incidence of nonrelapse mortality (HR = 0.7, P = 0.008), better GRFS (HR = 0.8, P = 0.01) and better survival (HR = 0.7, P < 0.001). In summary, these data suggest that in AML patients with active disease at transplantation, allo-HCT with UD results in better transplantation outcomes than CBT.
A Japanese family with cone-rod dystrophy of delayed onset caused by a compound heterozygous combination of novel CDHR1 frameshift and known missense variants
Authors: Haque Muhammad Nazmul , Kurata Kentaro , Hosono Katsuhiro , Ohtsubo Masafumi , Ohishi Kentaro , Sato Miho , Minoshima Shinsei , Hotta Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe analyzed two siblings in a Japanese family with delayed onset cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) using whole-exome sequencing. A novel frameshift c.1106dup (p.H370Afs*17) variant and a known missense c.2027 T > A (p.I676N) variant in CDHR1 were identified. Both patients shared the same variants, although they displayed a significant difference in disease severity. A meta-analysis of the relationship between the severity and the variant type was performed using the reported cases in the literature and did not reveal a definitive correlation.
Structure of the plastic-degrading Ideonella sakaiensis MHETase bound to a substrate
Authors: Palm Gottfried J. , Reisky Lukas , Böttcher Dominique , Müller Henrik , Michels Emil A. P. , Walczak Miriam C. , Berndt Leona , Weiss Manfred S. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Weber Gert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe extreme durability of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) debris has rendered it a long-term environmental burden. At the same time, current recycling efforts still lack sustainability. Two recently discovered bacterial enzymes that specifically degrade PET represent a promising solution. First, Ideonella sakaiensis PETase, a structurally well-characterized consensus α/β-hydrolase fold enzyme, converts PET to mono-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET). MHETase, the second key enzyme, hydrolyzes MHET to the PET educts terephthalate and ethylene glycol. Here, we report the crystal structures of active ligand-free MHETase and MHETase bound to a nonhydrolyzable MHET analog. MHETase, which is reminiscent of feruloyl esterases, possesses a classic α/β-hydrolase domain and a lid domain conferring substrate specificity. In the light of structure-based mapping of the active site, activity assays, mutagenesis studies and a first structure-guided alteration of substrate specificity towards bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) reported here, we anticipate MHETase to be a valuable resource to further advance enzymatic plastic degradation.
In-situ local phase-transitioned MoSe2 in La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ heterostructure and stable overall water electrolysis over 1000 hours
Authors: Oh Nam Khen , Kim Changmin , Lee Junghyun , Kwon Ohhun , Choi Yunseong , Jung Gwan Yeong , Lim Hyeong Yong , Kwak Sang Kyu , Kim Guntae , Park Hyesung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeveloping efficient bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting that are earth-abundant, cost-effective, and durable is of considerable importance from the practical perspective to mitigate the issues associated with precious metal-based catalysts. Herein, we introduce a heterostructure comprising perovskite oxides (La0.5Sr0.5CoO3–δ) and molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) as an electrochemical catalyst for overall water electrolysis. Interestingly, formation of the heterostructure of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3–δ and MoSe2 induces a local phase transition in MoSe2, 2 H to 1 T phase, and more electrophilic La0.5Sr0.5CoO3–δ with partial oxidation of the Co cation owing to electron transfer from Co to Mo. Together with these synergistic effects, the electrochemical activities are significantly improved for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. In the overall water splitting operation, the heterostructure showed excellent stability at the high current density of 100 mA cm−2 over 1,000 h, which is exceptionally better than the stability of the state-of-the-art platinum and iridium oxide couple.
MYB96 recruits the HDA15 protein to suppress negative regulators of ABA signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lee Hong Gil , Seo Pil Joon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnlike activation of target genes in response to abscisic acid (ABA), how MYB96 transcription factor represses ABA-repressible genes to further enhance ABA responses remains unknown. Here, we show MYB96 interacts with the histone modifier HDA15 to suppress negative regulators of early ABA signaling. The MYB96-HDA15 complex co-binds to the promoters of a subset ofRHO GTPASE OF PLANTS(ROP) genes,ROP6,ROP10, andROP11, and represses their expression by removing acetyl groups of histone H3 and H4 from the cognate regions, particularly in the presence of ABA. In support,HDA15-deficient mutants display reduced ABA sensitivity and are susceptible to drought stress with derepression of theROPgenes, as observed in themyb96-1mutant. Biochemical and genetic analyses show that MYB96 and HDA15 are interdependent in the regulation ofROPsuppression. Thus, MYB96 confers maximal ABA sensitivity by regulating both positive and negative regulators of ABA signaling through distinctive molecular mechanisms.
High density DNA data storage library via dehydration with digital microfluidic retrieval
Authors: Newman Sharon , Stephenson Ashley P. , Willsey Max , Nguyen Bichlien H. , Takahashi Christopher N. , Strauss Karin , Ceze Luis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDNA promises to be a high density data storage medium, but physical storage poses a challenge. To store large amounts of data, pools must be physically isolated so they can share the same addressing scheme. We propose the storage of dehydrated DNA spots on glass as an approach for scalable DNA data storage. The dried spots can then be retrieved by a water droplet using a digital microfluidic device. Here we show that this storage schema works with varying spot organization, spotted masses of DNA, and droplet retrieval dwell times. In all cases, the majority of the DNA was retrieved and successfully sequenced. We demonstrate that the spots can be densely arranged on a microfluidic device without significant contamination of the retrieval. We also demonstrate that 1 TB of data could be stored in a single spot of DNA and successfully retrieved using this method.
Asymmetry and non-dispersivity in the Aharonov-Bohm effect
Authors: Becker Maria , Guzzinati Giulio , Béché Armand , Verbeeck Johan , Batelaan Herman 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDecades ago, Aharonov and Bohm showed that electrons are affected by electromagnetic potentials in the absence of forces due to fields. Zeilinger’s theorem describes this absence of classical force in quantum terms as the “dispersionless” nature of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Shelankov predicted the presence of a quantum “force” for the same Aharonov-Bohm physical system as elucidated by Berry. Here, we report an experiment designed to test Shelankov’s prediction and we provide a theoretical analysis that is intended to elucidate the relation between Shelankov’s prediction and Zeilinger’s theorem. The experiment consists of the Aharonov-Bohm physical system; free electrons pass a magnetized nanorod and far-field electron diffraction is observed. The diffraction pattern is asymmetric confirming one of Shelankov’s predictions and giving indirect experimental evidence for the presence of a quantum “force”. Our theoretical analysis shows that Zeilinger’s theorem and Shelankov’s result are both special cases of one theorem.
Transcriptional regulation of autophagy-lysosomal function in BRAF-driven melanoma progression and chemoresistance
Authors: Li Shun , Song Ying , Quach Christine , Guo Hongrui , Jang Gyu-Beom , Maazi Hadi , Zhao Shihui , Sands Nathaniel A. , Liu Qingsong , In Gino K. , Peng David , Yuan Weiming , Machida Keigo , Yu Min , Akbari Omid , Hagiya Ashley , Yang Yongfei , Punj Vasu , Tang Liling , Liang Chengyu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAutophagy maintains homeostasis and is induced upon stress. Yet, its mechanistic interaction with oncogenic signaling remains elusive. Here, we show that in BRAFV600E-melanoma, autophagy is induced by BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi), as part of a transcriptional program coordinating lysosome biogenesis/function, mediated by the TFEB transcription factor. TFEB is phosphorylated and thus inactivated by BRAFV600E via its downstream ERK independently of mTORC1. BRAFi disrupts TFEB phosphorylation, allowing its nuclear translocation, which is synergized by increased phosphorylation/inactivation of the ZKSCAN3 transcriptional repressor by JNK2/p38-MAPK. Blockade of BRAFi-induced transcriptional activation of autophagy-lysosomal function in melanoma xenografts causes enhanced tumor progression, EMT-transdifferentiation, metastatic dissemination, and chemoresistance, which is associated with elevated TGF-β levels and enhanced TGF-β signaling. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling restores tumor differentiation and drug responsiveness in melanoma cells. Thus, the “BRAF-TFEB-autophagy-lysosome” axis represents an intrinsic regulatory pathway in BRAF-mutant melanoma, coupling BRAF signaling with TGF-β signaling to drive tumor progression and chemoresistance.
MKL1-actin pathway restricts chromatin accessibility and prevents mature pluripotency activation
Authors: Hu Xiao , Liu Zongzhi Z. , Chen Xinyue , Schulz Vincent P. , Kumar Abhishek , Hartman Amaleah A. , Weinstein Jason , Johnston Jessica F. , Rodriguez Elisa C. , Eastman Anna E. , Cheng Jijun , Min Liz , Zhong Mei , Carroll Christopher , Gallagher Patrick G. , Lu Jun , Schwartz Martin , King Megan C. , Krause Diane S. , Guo Shangqin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractActin cytoskeleton is well-known for providing structural/mechanical support, but whether and how it regulates chromatin and cell fate reprogramming is far less clear. Here, we report that MKL1, the key transcriptional co-activator of many actin cytoskeletal genes, regulates genomic accessibility and cell fate reprogramming. The MKL1-actin pathway weakens during somatic cell reprogramming by pluripotency transcription factors. Cells that reprogram efficiently display low endogenous MKL1 and inhibition of actin polymerization promotes mature pluripotency activation. Sustained MKL1 expression at a level seen in typical fibroblasts yields excessive actin cytoskeleton, decreases nuclear volume and reduces global chromatin accessibility, stalling cells on their trajectory toward mature pluripotency. In addition, the MKL1-actin imposed block of pluripotency can be bypassed, at least partially, when the Sun2-containing linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is inhibited. Thus, we unveil a previously unappreciated aspect of control on chromatin and cell fate reprogramming exerted by the MKL1-actin pathway.
Direct observation of coordinated DNA movements on the nucleosome during chromatin remodelling
Authors: Sabantsev Anton , Levendosky Robert F. , Zhuang Xiaowei , Bowman Gregory D. , Deindl Sebastian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractATP-dependent chromatin remodelling enzymes (remodellers) regulate DNA accessibility in eukaryotic genomes. Many remodellers reposition (slide) nucleosomes, however, how DNA is propagated around the histone octamer during this process is unclear. Here we examine the real-time coordination of remodeller-induced DNA movements on both sides of the nucleosome using three-colour single-molecule FRET. During sliding by Chd1 and SNF2h remodellers, DNA is shifted discontinuously, with movement of entry-side DNA preceding that of exit-side DNA. The temporal delay between these movements implies a single rate-limiting step dependent on ATP binding and transient absorption or buffering of at least one base pair. High-resolution cross-linking experiments show that sliding can be achieved by buffering as few as 3 bp between entry and exit sides of the nucleosome. We propose that DNA buffering ensures nucleosome stability during ATP-dependent remodelling, and provides a means for communication between remodellers acting on opposite sides of the nucleosome.
Retrieving high-resolution information from disordered 2D crystals by single-particle cryo-EM
Authors: Righetto Ricardo D. , Biyani Nikhil , Kowal Julia , Chami Mohamed , Stahlberg Henning 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectron crystallography can reveal the structure of membrane proteins within 2D crystals under close-to-native conditions. High-resolution structural information can only be reached if crystals are perfectly flat and highly ordered. In practice, such crystals are difficult to obtain. Available image unbending algorithms correct for disorder, but only perform well on images of non-tilted, flat crystals, while out-of-plane distortions are not addressed. Here, we present an approach that employs single-particle refinement procedures to locally unbend crystals in 3D. With this method, density maps of the MloK1 potassium channel with a resolution of 4 Å were obtained from images of 2D crystals that do not diffract beyond 10 Å. Furthermore, 3D classification allowed multiple structures to be resolved, revealing a series of MloK1 conformations within a single 2D crystal. This conformational heterogeneity explains the poor diffraction observed and is related to channel function. The approach is implemented in the FOCUS package.