bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid determination of nitrate in drinking water using ion‐exchange‐enhanced infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Du Xiuke , Ye Song , Dong Daming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInfrared spectroscopy is an effective method for the determination of compositions and concentrations of liquids, with advantages of fast response, no‐sampling, flexible in use, and is effective for on‐line monitoring. However, for trace substances in drinking water, such as nitrates and heavy metals, infrared spectroscopy is not sensitive enough for the quantitative and qualitative measurement. In this study, we improved the sensitivity of infrared spectroscopy for nitrite determination by developing an ion‐exchange‐enhanced diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, which consists of an accessory based on ion‐exchange resin for enrichment and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for measurement. Using this method, the limit of detection for nitrate is 1.7 mg/L, which is enough for drinking water sensing. We also verified the quantitative measurement ability of the method. Furthermore, the limit of detection and quantitative measuring range could be adjusted by changing the mass of resin and adsorption time. This study demonstrated that the method is effective to detect trace nitrites in drinking water, can be applied in the field, and is sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive with a wide dynamic range.Practical applicationsThis study demonstrated an ion‐exchange‐enhanced diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, which is effective to quantitatively measure nitrate in drinking water with concentrations within several ppm. Compared with traditional used methods for water nitrate analysis, our method is rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive and is potential for on‐line measurement. The method can be used in drinking water sensing and water processing. By changing the ion‐exchange resin, it is also effective to measure other compositions in water rather than nitrate. It can also be used to determine harmful compositions in drinks. Meanwhile, we developed a smart sensor based on this method, which used an Microelectro Mechanical Systems Fourier transform infrared spectrometer instead of V70 in this study. It is now in the test for the rapid determination of nitrate in drinking water by Water Services Company of Beijing.
Well‐aging: A new strategy for skin homeostasis under multi‐stressed conditions
Authors: De Tollenaere Morgane , Meunier Marie , Scandolera Amandine , Sandre Jérôme , Lambert Carole , Chapuis Emilie , Auriol Daniel , Reynaud Romain 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies evidenced significant increase of cortisol is the consequence of UV or emotional stress and leads to various deleterious effects in the skin.AimThe well‐aging, a new concept of lifestyle, procures an alternative to the anti‐aging strategy. We demonstrated that Tephrosia purpurea extract is able to stimulate well‐being hormones while reducing cortisol release. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the extract could positively influence the global skin homeostasis.MethodWe evaluated the impact of the extract on cortisol, β‐endorphin, and dopamine, released by normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). A gene expression study was realized on NHEKs and NHDFs. The protein over‐expression of HMOX1 and NQO1 was evidenced at cellular and tissue level. Finally, we conducted a clinical study on 21 women living in a polluted environment in order to observe the impact of the active on global skin improvement.ResultsThe extract is able to reduce significantly the cortisol release while inducing the production of β‐endorphin and dopamine. The gene expression study revealed that Tephrosia purpurea extract up‐regulated the genes involved in antioxidant response and skin renewal. Moreover, the induction of HMOX and NQO1 expression was confirmed on NHDFs, NHEKs and in RHE. We clinically demonstrated that the extract improved significantly the skin by reducing dark circles, represented by an improvement of L*, a*, and ITA parameters.ConclusionTephrosia purpurea extract has beneficial effects on skin homeostasis through control of the well‐being state and antioxidant defenses leading to an improvement of dark circles, a clinical features particularly impacted by emotional and environmental stress.
What About Money? Earnings, Household Financial Organization, and Housework
Authors: Hu Yang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:This research investigates the role played by household financial organization in configuring the housework participation of women and men and in moderating the influence of earnings on housework.Background:Existing research has focused on the ways in which earnings shape gendered power and housework performance in couple relationships. However, no research has examined how household financial organization intervenes between the receipt of earnings in the labor market and the performance of housework at home.Method:Two‐stage least squares regressions were used to analyze data from Waves 2 and 4 of the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (N = 6,070 couples).Results:Management of household finances is associated with an increase in housework time for both men and women, whereas control of household financial decisions reduces men's but not women's housework time. Women's individual earnings reduce their housework time only when they can access these earnings. Men's relative earnings reduce their housework time when they or their partners manage the couple's earnings, but not when partners manage their earnings independently, supporting both resource bargaining theory and gendered resources theory. Women's individual earnings and men's relative earnings reduce their housework time only when they have partial or full control of household financial decisions.Conclusion:The management and control of household finances influence the time spent by women and men on housework in ways distinct from yet equally as important as those of earnings. Household financial organization is a key premise moderating when and how gender equality in the public sphere helps promulgate gender equality at home.
Melatonin for prevention of placental malperfusion and fetal compromise associated with intrauterine inflammation‐induced oxidative stress in a mouse model
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Li Su , Shin Na E. , Na Quan , Dong Jie , Jia Bei , Jones‐Beatty Kimberly , McLane Michael W. , Ozen Maide , Lei Jun , Burd Irina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMelatonin has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and mitigate hypercoagulability. We hypothesized that maternally administered melatonin may reduce placental oxidative stress and hypercoagulability associated with exposure to intrauterine inflammation (IUI) and consequently improve fetoplacental blood flow and fetal sequelae. Mice were randomized to the following groups: control (C), melatonin (M), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a model of IUI) (L), and LPS with melatonin (ML). The expression of antioxidant mediators in the placenta was significantly decreased, while that of pro‐inflammatory mediators was significantly increased in L compared to C and ML. The systolic/diastolic ratio, resistance index, and pulsatility index in uterine artery (UtA) and umbilical artery (UA) were significantly increased in L compared with other groups when analyzed by Doppler ultrasonography. The expression of antioxidant mediators in the placenta was significantly decreased, while that of pro‐inflammatory mediators was significantly increased in L compared to C and ML. Vascular endothelial damage and thrombi formation, as evidenced by fibrin deposits, were similarly increased in L compared to other groups. Maternal pretreatment with melatonin appears to modulate maternal placental malperfusion, fetal cardiovascular compromise, and fetal neuroinflammation induced by IUI through its antioxidant properties.
The impact of camel visitation on native wildlife at remote waterholes in arid Australia
Authors: Brim Box J. , Bledsoe L. , Box P. , Bubb A. , Campbell M. , Edwards G. , Fordyce J.D. , Guest T. , Hodgens P. , Kennedy B. , Kulitja R. , McConnell K. , McDonald P.J. , Miller B. , Mitchell D. , Nano C. , O’Dea D. , Richmond L. , Stricker A.C. , Caron V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInvasive species can impact their new environments in different ways, including through exploitation competition and interference competition. For the past decade we have documented the severe degradation of central Australian waterholes by feral camels. Not surprisingly, large feral herbivores can have profound negative impacts on aquatic biodiversity. Less understood was the extent that feral camels impact on native terrestrial wildlife for access to water. From 2011 to 2013 we used camera traps at six waterholes in central Australia to document the co‐occurrence of feral camels and some native wildlife. We used circular statistics and univariate analyses to evaluate activity budgets, visitation frequency and species co‐occurrence for camels, dingoes and bird species that require daily or regular access to water. When camels were present, birds and dingoes visited waterholes less frequently than on days camels were absent. The daily activity budget of birds shifted when camels and dingoes were present, and dingo activity shifted when camels were present. Although the temporal overlap of camels and birds was low, it was not less than expected by chance. Our data suggest that feral camels are the superior resource exploiter at these arid waterholes and reduce wildlife visitation and alter activity budgets. It remains to be tested whether this translates to longer‐term impacts on native birds and dingoes.
Should I stay or should I go? Pollinator shifts rather than cospeciation dominate the evolutionary history of South African Rediviva bees and their Diascia host plants
Authors: Kahnt Belinda , Hattingh Wesley N. , Theodorou Panagiotis , Wieseke Nicolas , Kuhlmann Michael , Glennon Kelsey L. , van der Niet Timotheüs , Paxton Robert , Cron Glynis V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlant–pollinator interactions are often highly specialised, which may be a consequence of co‐evolution. Yet when plants and pollinators co‐evolve, it is not clear if this will also result in frequent cospeciation. Here, we investigate the mutual evolutionary history of South African oil‐collecting Rediviva bees and their Diascia host plants, in which the elongated forelegs of female Rediviva have been suggested to coevolve with the oil‐producing spurs of their Diascia hosts. After controlling for phylogenetic nonindependence, we found Rediviva foreleg length to be significantly correlated with Diascia spur length, suggestive of co‐evolution. However, as trait correlation could also be due to pollinator shifts, we tested if cospeciation or pollinator shifts have dominated the evolution of Rediviva–Diascia interactions by analysing phylogenies in a cophylogenetic framework. Distance‐based cophylogenetic analyses (PARAFIT, PACo) indicated significant congruence of the two phylogenies under most conditions. Yet, we found that phylogenetic relatedness was correlated with ecological similarity (the spectrum of partners that each taxon interacted with) only for Diascia but not for Rediviva, suggesting that phylogenetic congruence might be due to phylogenetic tracking by Diascia of Rediviva rather than strict (reciprocal) co‐evolution. Furthermore, event‐based reconciliation using a parsimony approach (CORE‐PA) on average revealed only 11–13 cospeciation events but 58–80 pollinator shifts. Probabilistic cophylogenetic analyses (COALA) supported this trend (8–29 cospeciations vs. 40 pollinator shifts). Our study suggests that diversification of Diascia has been largely driven by Rediviva (phylogenetic tracking, pollinator shifts) but not vice versa. Moreover, our data suggest that, even in co‐evolving mutualisms, cospeciation events might occur only infrequently.
Female‐specific gene regulation in malaria parasites by an AP2‐family transcription factor
Authors: Yuda Masao , Kaneko Izumi , Iwanaga Shiroh , Murata Yuho , Kato Tomomi 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe malaria gametocyte, the gamete precursor, is the essential stage for malaria transmission to the mosquito vector. In the vertebrate host's blood, it develops into a mature male or female capable of transforming into a gamete in the mosquito blood meal. Despite the importance of this stage in the malaria life cycle, the genetic regulation of gametocyte development is poorly understood. In particular, transcription factors involved in sex‐specific gene expression have not been identified. In this paper, we report that an AP2‐family transcription factor, AP2‐FG, is responsible for female‐specific gene regulation. AP2‐FG expression in Plasmodium berghei was observed exclusively in female gametocytes, in the beginning of 4–6 h before sexual dimorphism manifests in developing gametocytes. AP2‐FG disruption resulted in the arrest of female maturation, but did not affect the development of males. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis suggested that AP2‐FG directly regulates over 700 genes. Its targets include genes for female gametocyte‐specific functions, such as gametogenesis, fertilization and zygote development. AP2‐FG binding to target gene promoters was associated with a 10 bp sequence motif. These results indicate that AP2‐FG plays a role in the differentiation of early gametocytes to mature females by governing a female‐specific gene expression repertoire.
The utility of longitudinal slicing method for rectal specimen: pathological analysis of circumferential resection margin of intersphincteric resection for low‐lying rectal cancer
Authors: Matsunaga Rie , Kojima Motohiro , Nishizawa Yuji , Yokota Mitsuru , Hasegawa Hiro , Saito Norio , Ito Masaaki , Ochiai Atsushi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe pathological assessment of the resection margin of rectal cancer is important to predict clinical outcome. The transverse slicing method of rectal specimens is recommended in Western countries. However, in Japan the longitudinal slicing method is traditionally advocated. The aim of this study was to assess the advantages of the longitudinal slicing method. The subjects were 197 consecutive patients with primary rectal cancer who underwent curative intersphincteric resection from 2000 to 2013. The resected rectal specimens were cut into 12 slices in the direction of the long axis. Resection margin was considered positive when it was less than or equal to 1 mm. Resection margin was positive in 23 patients (12%). They were classified into two groups, namely the DEEP group (n = 16, 70%), when the resection margin corresponded to the deepest tumor invasion area, and the ENTRY group (n = 7, 30%), when resection margin was around the initial cutting point of the anal canal. It was shown that resection margin tends to be positive not only in the deepest tumor invasion area but also in the entry area of the anal canal. The longitudinal slicing method may have some advantages for accurate assessment of resection margin especially in low‐lying rectal cancer.
Interoceptive accuracy is related to long‐term stress via self‐regulation
Authors: Schultchen Dana , Bayer Julia , Kühnel Jana , Melchers Klaus G. , Pollatos Olga 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInteroception describes the ability to perceive internal bodily signals. Previous research found a relationship between interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) and cardiovascular outcomes during or after acute stress. So far, the association between IAcc and long‐term stress has not been investigated, although this would be important to identify a starting point to prevent long‐term stress. To address this idea in the current study, we examined the relationship between IAcc and long‐term stress, which was assessed with different questionnaires and biological markers, including cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Furthermore, we investigated self‐regulation as a mechanism linking IAcc to long‐term stress. The sample consisted of 98 participants. To measure IAcc, participants completed the heartbeat perception task. Perceived long‐term stress and self‐regulation were assessed via an online questionnaire. Moreover, hair samples were taken from 65 participants to determine long‐term stress with cortisol and DHEA as well as the ratio of both. Results showed that IAcc was positively related to DHEA and weakly negatively related to the other indicators of long‐term stress, except for the nonsignificant relationships to the indicators cortisol and stress experiences due to negative events. Furthermore, these relationships were mediated by participants' enhanced self‐regulation. Thus, our results suggest that enhanced self‐regulation could be a mechanism explaining why IAcc is associated with long‐term stress.
The Mnemonic Consequences of Jurors’ Selective Retrieval During Deliberation
Authors: Jay Alexander C. V. , Stone Charles B. , Meksin Robert , Merck Clinton , Gordon Natalie S. , Hirst William 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe jury is a defining component of the American criminal justice system, and the courts largely assume that the collaborative nature of jury deliberations will enhance jurors’ memory for important trial information. However, research suggests that this kind of collaboration, although sometimes improving memory, can also lead to incomplete and inaccurate “collective” memories. The present research examines whether jury deliberations, where individuals collaboratively recall and discuss trial evidence to render unanimous verdicts, might shape jurors’ memories through the robust phenomena of Within‐Individual and Socially Shared Retrieval‐Induced Forgetting (WI‐RIF and SS‐RIF, respectively). The results revealed no WI‐RIF or SS‐RIF. However, we did find evidence in the direction of Within‐Individual and Socially‐shared Retrieval Induced Facilitation (WI‐RIFA and SS‐RIFA, respectively) in speakers’ and listeners’ narrative and open‐ended recall of evidentiary details. The present results are discussed in terms of whether jurors’ goals during deliberation and the deliberation structure (e.g., six or more discussants) protect against forgetting, or whether possible methodological issues (e.g., the vast amount of information presented) eliminated WI‐RIF and SS‐RIF and, in turn, make drawing conclusions surrounding the mnemonic impact of jury deliberation difficult. Regardless, the present results suggest jury deliberations are quite limited in terms of how much evidence is actually discussed compared to the total of what could be discussed, and our methodology provides an ecologically valid baseline for future research to better understand the mnemonic consequences associated with jury deliberations and, in turn, jury decision making.
The Effect of Cyclic Strain on Human Fibroblasts With Lamin A/C Mutations and Its Relation to Heart Disease
Authors: Tran Richard D. H. , Siemens Mark , Nguyen Cecilia H. H. , Ochs Alexander R. , Zaragoza Michael V. , Grosberg Anna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Although mutations in the Lamin A/C gene (LMNA) cause a variety of devastating diseases, the pathological mechanism is often unknown. Lamin A/C proteins play a crucial role in forming a meshwork under the nuclear membrane, providing the nucleus with mechanical integrity and interacting with other proteins for gene regulation. Most LMNA mutations result in heart diseases, including some types that primarily have heart disease as the main pathology. In this study, we used cells from patients with different LMNA mutations that primarily lead to heart disease. Indeed, it is a mystery why a mutation to the protein in every nucleus of the body manifests as a disease of primarily the heart in these patients. Here, we aimed to investigate if strains mimicking those within the myocardial environment are sufficient to cause differences in cells with and without the LMNA mutation. To test this, a stretcher device was used to induce cyclic strain upon cells, and viability/proliferation, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix organization, and nuclear morphology were quantified. The properties of cells with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) were found to be significantly different from all other cell lines and were mostly in line with previous findings. However, the properties of cells from patients who primarily had heart diseases were not drastically different when compared to individuals without the LMNA mutation. Our results indicated that cyclic strain alone was insufficient to cause any significant differences that could explain the mechanisms that lead to heart diseases in these patients with LMNA mutations.
Hydrogel-Shielded Soft Tactile Sensor for Biocompatible Drug Delivery Monitoring
Authors: Banerjee Hritwick , Ponraj Godwin , Kirthika Senthil Kumar , Suman Malapaka Venkata , Lim Chwee Ming , Ren Hongliang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tactile sensing is an emerging technological advancement in surgical robotics in order to probe interactions between confined tissue environments and instruments based on touch information. The tactile sense can assist in improving the efficiency of the whole practice and hence enhance precision, control, and safety during surgery. This paper demonstrates a distinct proof-of-concept therapeutic device equipped with a soft tactile sensor. The tactile sensor was custom-made using flexible piezoresistive materials and conductive ink, wrapped with a biocompatible hydrogel polymer matrix for safer human–tissue interactions. The proposed tactile sensor was then calibrated and its performance was compared with gold standard sensors. It was further tested with a continuous force (5 N) for an extended period of time (about 6 h) to address robustness and repeatability. The sensor showed a sensitivity of 0.833 N−1 and a drift of ≤1%. Successful cadaver experiment demonstrates the efficiency of tactile sensing assistance to clinicians.
Sports injury and illness incidence in the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games: a prospective study of 2914 athletes from 92 countries
Authors: Soligard Torbjørn , Palmer Debbie , Steffen Kathrin , Lopes Alexandre Dias , Grant Marie-Elaine , Kim DooSup , Lee Sae Yong , Salmina Natalia , Toresdahl Brett G , Chang Joon Young , Budgett Richard , Engebretsen Lars 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the XXIII Olympic Winter Games, hosted by PyeongChang on 9–25 February 2018.MethodsWe recorded the daily number of athlete injuries and illnesses (1) through the reporting of all National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and (2) in the polyclinic and medical venues by the PyeongChang 2018 medical staff.ResultsIn total, 2914 athletes (1210 women, 42%; 1704 men, 58%) from 92 NOCs were observed for occurrence of injury and illness. NOC and PyeongChang 2018 medical staff reported 376 injuries and 279 illnesses, equalling 12.6 injuries and 9.4 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period. Altogether, 12% of the athletes incurred at least one injury and 9% at least one illness. The injury incidence was highest in ski halfpipe (28%), snowboard cross (26%), ski cross (25%), snowboard slopestyle (21%) and aerials (20%), and lowest in Nordic combined, biathlon, snowboard slalom, moguls and cross-country skiing (2%–6%). Of the 376 injuries recorded, 33% and 13% were estimated to lead to ≥1 day and >7 days of absence from sport, respectively. The highest incidences of illness were recorded in biathlon (15%), curling (14%), bobsleigh (14%) and snowboard slalom (13%). Thirty per cent of the illnesses were expected to result in time loss, and 70% affected the respiratory system. Women suffered 61% more illnesses than men.ConclusionOverall, 12% of the athletes incurred at least one injury during the Games and 9% an illness, incidences that are similar to the Olympic Winter Games of 2010 and 2014.