bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Still the Century of Intergovernmentalism? Partisan Ideology, Two‐level Bargains and Technocratic Governance in the post‐Maastricht Era
Authors: König Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study compares the explanatory power of intergovernmentalism and national partyism for European integration in the post‐Maastricht era. Using data on the issue‐specific positions of all heads of state and government at the Amsterdam, Nice and Lisbon conferences, I identify a common policy space with latent preferences and outcomes on two integration dimensions, the design of governance and the pooling of policy competences. The findings show that partisan ideology characterizes leaders’ preferences for the pooling of policy competences, which helps to find compromise among the leaders from large/rich and small/poor countries on governance design. Due to their credible referendum threat, leaders from smaller countries dominate interstate bargains in the post‐Maastricht era. This implies institutional choices for a separation of powers with a bicameral legislature, which promotes functionalist responsibility at the expense of responsiveness to the concerns of the voters.
Passifloraplastome sequencing reveals widespread genomic rearrangements
Authors: Rabah Samar O. , Shrestha Bikash , Hajrah Nahid H. , Sabir Mumdooh J. , Alharby Hesham F. , Sabir Mernan J. , Alhebshi Alawiah M. , Sabir Jamal S.M. , Gilbert Lawrence E. , Ruhlman Tracey A. , Jansen Robert K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough past studies have includedPassifloraamong angiosperm lineages with highly rearranged plastid genomes (plastomes), knowledge about plastome organization in the genus is limited. So far only one draft and one complete plastome have been published. Expanded sampling ofPassifloraplastomes is needed to understand the extent of the genomic rearrangement in the genus, which is also unusual in having biparental plastid inheritance and plastome‐genome incompatibility. We sequenced 15Passifloraplastomes using either Illumina paired‐end or shotgun cloning and Sanger sequencing approaches. Assembled plastomes were annotated using Dual Organellar GenoMe Annotator (DOGMA) and tRNAscan‐SE. ThePopulus trichocarpaplastome was used as a reference to estimate genomic rearrangements inPassifloraby performing whole genome alignment in progressiveMauve. The phylogenetic distribution of rearrangements was plotted on the maximum likelihood tree generated from 64 plastid encoded protein genes. Inverted repeat (IR) expansion/contraction and loss of the two largest hypothetical open reading frames,ycf1andycf2, account for most plastome size variation, which ranges from 139 262 base pairs (bp) inP. biflorato 161 494 bp inP. pittieri.Passifloraplastomes have experienced numerous inversions, gene and intron losses along with multiple independent IR expansions and contractions resulting in a distinct organization in each of the three subgenera examined. EachPassiflorasubgenus has a unique plastome structure in terms of gene content, order and size. The phylogenetic distribution of rearrangements shows thatPassiflorahas experienced widespread genomic changes, suggesting that such events may not be reliable phylogenetic markers.
Fractional excretion of electrolytes in volume‐responsive and intrinsic acute kidney injury in dogs: Diagnostic and prognostic implications
Authors: Troìa Roberta , Gruarin Marta , Grisetti Chiara , Serafini Federica , Magna Luca , Monari Erika , Giunti Massimo , Dondi Francesco 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe value of fractional excretion (FE) of electrolytes to characterize and prognosticate acute kidney injury (AKI) is poorly documented in dogs.ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic roles of FE of electrolytes in dogs with AKI.AnimalsDogs (n = 135) with AKI treated with standard care (February 2014‐December 2016).MethodsProspective study. Clinical and laboratory variables including FE of electrolytes, were measured upon admission. Dogs were graded according to the AKI‐IRIS guidelines and grouped according to AKI features (volume‐responsive, VR‐AKI; intrinsic, I‐AKI) and outcome (survivors/non‐survivors). Group comparison and regression analyses with hazard ratios (HR) evaluation for I‐AKI and mortality were performed.P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsFifty‐two of 135 (39%) dogs had VR‐AKI, 69/135 (51%) I‐AKI and 14/135 (10%) were unclassified. I‐AKI dogs had significantly higher FE of electrolytes, for example, FE of sodium (FENa, %) 2.39 (range 0.04‐75.81) than VR‐AKI ones 0.24 (range 0.01‐2.21;P < .001). Overall, case fatality was 41% (55/135). Increased FE of electrolytes were detected in nonsurvivors, for example, FENa 1.60 (range 0.03‐75.81) compared with survivors 0.60 (range 0.01‐50.45;P = .004). Several risk factors for death were identified, including AKI‐IRIS grade (HR = 1.39,P = .002), FE of electrolytes, for example, FENa (HR = 1.03,P < .001), and urinary output (HR = 5.06,P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFractional excretion of electrolytes performed well in the early differentiation between VR‐AKI and I‐AKI, were related to outcome, and could be useful tools to manage AKI dogs in clinical practice.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of orally administered torsemide in healthy horses
Authors: Agne Gustavo F. , Jung Seung Woo , Wooldridge Anne A. , Duran Susan H. , Ravis William , Toribio Ramiro 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundDiuretic treatment is the mainstay for management of congestive heart failure in horses, and its use has been restricted to injectable medications because no currently data supports the use of PO administered loop diuretics.ObjectivesTo determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of PO administered torsemide and, determine if PO administered torsemide, could be used as an alternative to injectable diuretics in the horse.AnimalsSix healthy adult mares.MethodsA 2‐phase, prospective study, that consisted of pharmacokinetic profiling of a single dose (6 mg/kg PO) and pharmacodynamic effects of long‐term torsemide administration (2 mg/kg PO q12h) for 6 days in healthy horses.ResultsPharmacokinetic analysis identified a peak concentration (Cmax) of 10.14 µg/mL (range, 6.79–14.69 µg/mL) and elimination half‐life (T1/2) 9.2 hours (range, 8.4–10.4 hours). The area under the plasma drug concentration over time curve (AUC) was 80.7 µg × h/mL (range, 56.5–117.2 µg × h/mL). A statistically significant increase in urine volume and decrease in urine specific gravity were found from day 0 (baseline) to day 6 (P < .0001). Significant alterations in biochemical variables included hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and increased serum creatinine concentration. Mean arterial blood pressure significantly decreased on day 6 (57.7 ± 8.8 mm Hg, P = .001) as compared with baseline (78 ± 6.1 mm Hg). Serum aldosterone concentrations significantly increased after 6 days of torsemide administration (P = .0006).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePO administered torsemide (4 mg/kg/day) successfully reached therapeutic concentrations in blood, induced clinically relevant diuresis, and resulted in moderate pre‐renal azotemia and electrolyte disturbances.
The translator writes back
Authors: Mahdipour Alireza 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe translation of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales into Persian poetry required many innovations. Because Chaucer used rhyme to rhetorically enhance meaning—what Shklovsky called the resurrection in words—the translation was a challenging recreation. However, translating Chaucer is aided by several commonalities between his medieval English culture and modern Iranian culture: formal similarities between Chaucer's narrative verse and the form of masnavi; common themes in their literatures; and important resonances between Christianity and Islam, especially contemporary Shi'ism and its emphasis on pilgrimages to sacred sites. For these reasons, the translated text appears so natural that despite translator's loyalty to his source text, the translation appears familiar to those otherwise unfamiliar with the Tales.
Liver macrophages: Friend or foe during hepatitis B infection?
Authors: Faure‐Dupuy Suzanne , Durantel David , Lucifora Julie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Hepatitis B virus chronically infects the liver of 250 million people worldwide. Over the past decades, major advances have been made in the understanding of Hepatitis B virus life cycle in hepatocytes. Beside these parenchymal cells, the liver also contains resident and infiltrating myeloid cells involved in immune responses to pathogens and much less is known about their interplay with Hepatitis B virus. In this review, we summarized and discussed the current knowledge of the role of liver macrophages (including Kupffer cells and liver monocyte‐derived macrophages), in HBV infection. While it is still unclear if liver macrophages play a role in the establishment and persistence of HBV infection, several studies disclosed data suggesting that HBV would favour liver macrophage anti‐inflammatory phenotypes and thereby increase liver tolerance. In addition, alternatively activated liver macrophages might also play in the long term a key role in hepatitis B‐associated pathogenesis, especially through the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Therapies aiming at a transient activation of pro‐inflammatory liver macrophages should therefore be considered for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
Trophic relationships in tidepool fish assemblages of the tropical Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Pimentel Caio R. , Soares Lucy S. H. , Macieira Raphael M. , Joyeux Jean‐Christophe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTrophic studies are fundamental to understanding the dynamics of assemblages and functional roles of species within ecosystems, contributing to the identification of factors responsible for the organization and structure of communities. This study aimed to analyse the trophic organization of tidepool fish assemblages in the tropical Southwestern Atlantic, based on the underlying idea that food resources are not limiting and that trophic guild formation is not driven by food competition. Diets were based on feeding index values of food categories for 12 representative species collected in six tidepools (20º49′ S, 40º36′ W) at quarterly intervals (2005 to 2007). The main food categories were small crustaceans, polychaetes and macroalgae. Multivariate techniques evidenced two multispecific trophic guilds: small‐prey carnivores, includingBathygobius soporator,Bathygobius geminatus,Malacoctenus delalandiiandHalichoeres poeyi, and herbivores, includingSparisoma axillareandAcanthurus bahianus. Other species presented significantly different diets and were classified into the following guilds: omnivores feeding on filamentous algae and copepods (Abudefduf saxatilis); large‐prey carnivores (Labrisomus nuchipinnis); omnivores feeding on polychaetes and filamentous algae (Stegastes fuscus); and polychaete feeders (Ahlia egmontis).Gymnothorax funebrisandGymnothorax moringawere classified as carcinophagores and piscivores, respectively. Trophic organization appears related to species convergence toward the use of abundant food resources, driven by a combination of factors allowing some resource partitioning through inter‐specific differences in consumer size, microhabitat, behavior, and trophic specialization.
Accumulation mechanisms of micrometeorites in an ancient supraglacial moraine at Larkman Nunatak, Antarctica
Authors: Genge Matthew J. , van Ginneken Matthias , Suttle Martin D. , Harvey Ralph P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe report the discovery of a large accumulation of micrometeorites (MMs) in a supraglacial moraine at Larkman Nunatak in the Grosvenor Mountains of the Transantarctic Range in Antarctica. The MMs are present in abundances of ~600 particles kg−1 of moraine sediment and include a near‐complete collection of MM types similar to those observed in Antarctic blue ice and within bare‐rock traps in the Antarctic. The size distribution of the observed particles is consistent with those collected from snow collections suggesting the moraine has captured a representative collection of cosmic spherules with significant loss of only the smallest particles (<100 μm) by wind. The presence of microtektites with compositions similar to those of the Australasian strewn field suggests the moraine has been accumulating for 780 ka with dust‐sized debris. On the basis of this age estimate, it is suggested that accumulation occurs principally through ice sublimation. Direct infall of fines is suggested to be limited by snow layers that act as barriers to accumulation and can be removed by wind erosion. MM accumulation in many areas in Antarctica, therefore, may not be continuous over long periods and can be subject to climatic controls. On the basis of the interpretation of microtektites as Australasian, Larkman Nunatak deposit is the oldest known supraglacial moraine and its survival through several glacial maxima and interglacial periods is surprising. We suggest that stationary ice produced by the specific ice flow conditions at Larkman Nunatak explains its longevity and provides a new type of record of the East Antarctic ice sheet.
Establishment and characterization of an embryonic pericyte cell line
Authors: Zhao Huaning , Darden Jordan , Chappell John C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivePericytes are specialized perivascular cells embedded within the basement membrane. These cells envelope the abluminal surface of endothelial cells and promote microvessel homeostasis. Recent discoveries of unique pericyte functions, particularly in neural tissues, underscore the need for overcoming existing challenges in establishing a functionally validated pericyte cell line. Here, we present methodologies for addressing these challenges as well as an embryonic pericyte cell line for use with in vitro and ex vivo experimental models.MethodsWe isolated an enriched population of NG2:DsRed+ pericytes from E12.5 mice. This pericyte cell line was compared to MEFs with respect to gene expression, cell morphology and migration, and engagement with endothelial cells during junction stabilization and angiogenesis.ResultsNG2+ pericytes displayed gene expression patterns, cell morphology, and 2D migration behaviors distinct from MEFs. In three different vessel formation models, pericytes from this line migrated to and incorporated into developing vessels. When co‐cultured with HUVECs, these pericytes stimulated more robust VE‐Cadherin junctions between HUVECs as compared to MEFs, as well as contributed to HUVEC organization into primitive vascular structures.ConclusionsOur data support use of this pericyte cell line in a broad range of models to further understand pericyte functionality during normal and pathological conditions.
PROMs for Pain in Adult Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties
Authors: Abahussin Asma A. , West Robert M. , Wong David C. , Ziegler Lucy E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractContextPain is one of the most devastating symptoms for cancer patients. One third of patients who experience pain do not receive effective treatment. A key barrier to effective pain management is lack of routine measurement and monitoring of pain. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are recommended for measuring cancer pain. However, evidence to guide the selection of the most appropriate measure to identify and monitor cancer pain is limited. A systematic review of measurement properties of PROMs for pain in cancer patients is needed to identify the best validated measure for adoption to an electronic platform.ObjectivesTo systematically review measurement properties of PROMs used for adult cancer patients to measure pain and, as a secondary goal, to investigate the evidence of validated mobile health (mHealth) applications used to measure pain (registration number: CRD42017065575).MethodsMedline, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were systematically searched in March 2018 for studies examining measurement properties for PROMs for pain in adult cancer patients. The methodological quality of the studies and their results were appraised using the Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist and specific measurement properties criteria, respectively.ResultsSixteen studies evaluating 8 instruments were included. No studies using a PROM in an mHealth application were identified. The methodological quality of the measurement properties ranged between poor and fair. No instrument showed strong positive evidence for all the evaluated measurement properties. Based on the available evidence, the Brief Pain Inventory‐Short Form (BPI‐SF) had the strongest evidence to support its selection for the measurement of cancer pain.ConclusionThe BPI‐SF was the best performing measure across all properties evaluated through COSMIN. Better quality validation studies of PROMs for cancer pain are needed to explore the full range of measurement properties. Utilizing mHealth applications to measure pain in cancer patients is an innovative approach worthy of further investigation.
Psychosocial risk screening of expectant fathers in an urban home visiting service population
Authors: Carlson Richard E. , Caines Mageen C. , Harrison Patricia A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the occurrence of psychosocial risk factors among expectant fathers whose female partners were enrolled in prenatal home visiting services.DesignCross‐sectional, exploratory, quantitative design.SampleExpectant father–mother pairs were recruited from two urban home visiting programs to participate in a randomized controlled trial of a father advocate intervention. The study sample consisted of 66 father–mother pairs who completed structured interviews at baseline, before randomization.MeasurementsParticipants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. This study focused on their responses related to 11 psychosocial risk factors, as measured by the Brief Risk Overview (BRO) for men and the Prenatal Risk Overview (PRO) for pregnant women.ResultsModerate‐ or high‐risk classification of psychosocial risk factors was prevalent among expectant fathers. The risk factors that fathers reported were diverse, related to their basic needs, social support, mental health, and substance use; risk factors frequently co‐occurred. Fathers' and mothers' total risk scores, calculated as a composite of all 11 risk factors, were significantly correlated.ConclusionsExpectant fathers who have a partner enrolled in home visiting would benefit from psychosocial risk screening. Addressing fathers' risk factors may improve paternal health, their involvement in parenting, and the well‐being of their partners and children.
Suitability of structure from motion for rock‐slope assessment
Authors: O'Banion Matt S. , Olsen Michael J. , Rault Claire , Wartman Joseph , Cunningham Keith 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study examines three sites in Alaska with unstable rock slopes that were surveyed using both terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and structure‐from‐motion (SfM) techniques. The datasets were acquired simultaneously and linked to a rigorous survey control network. An accuracy evaluation of the SfM‐derived surface models was performed using the TLS data and numerous reflectorless total station observations collected across the rock slopes. A quality evaluation was conducted to examine differences in point density, model completeness and distributions of morphological properties between the SfM and TLS datasets. The results indicate that SfM is a viable option for unstable rock‐slope assessment when a sufficient number of images with adequate overlap are acquired and the reconstruction is tied to a survey control network. The best results, in terms of accuracy and completeness, were achieved when combining both unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and terrestrial imagery for the SfM reconstruction. However, issues such as over‐smoothing and geometric inconsistencies bring into question the suitability of SfM for the detection of small changes over time.
A critical review on control methods for harmful algal blooms
Authors: Gallardo‐Rodríguez Juan J. , Astuya‐Villalón Allisson , Llanos‐Rivera Alejandra , Avello‐Fontalba Veronica , Ulloa‐Jofré Viviana 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe impacts of harmful algal blooms on human health, tourism, fisheries and ecosystems have increased in recent decades. Eutrophication and the feared climate change are believed to further challenge authorities and those whose activity depends on coastal resources. While in most of the affected countries, regulatory steps have been taken to protect consumers of contaminated food, there has been an unequal focus on management systems. Some countries such as EEUU and Canada have focused on monitoring and prediction programs, whereas others (e.g. Korea, China) have relied on direct control of blooms in the sea. Here, we review current control methods for HABs including their fundamentals and the last scientific advances. A thorough revision of all considered approaches so far has been included. Ecological studies of the impact of the countermeasures were also considered.
Leaders promote attendance in sport and exercise sessions by fostering social identity
Authors: Stevens M. , Rees T. , Coffee P. , Haslam S. A. , Steffens N. K. , Polman R. 
Published: May 2018

Sport and exercise participation exert a positive effect on numerous aspects of individuals' health. Although sport and exercise leaders have generally been observed to play a key role in shaping group members' behavior, our understanding of their impact on group members' attendance in sport and exercise sessions is limited. To address this, and building on promising findings in other domains, we examined the associations between perceptions of sport and exercise leaders' engagement in social identity leadership, group identification, and attendance. A sample of 583 participants from sports teams (n = 307) and exercise groups (n = 276) completed questionnaires measuring identity leadership, group identification, and attendance. Analyses demonstrated that perceptions of leader engagement in social identity leadership were positively associated with members' group identification, and that this in turn was positively associated with their attendance in either a sports group or an exercise group. Moreover, there was a significant indirect effect for perceptions of leader engagement in identity leadership on group members' attendance through their greater identification with these groups. Findings highlight the importance of considering the impact sport and exercise leaders have on group members' attendance and suggest that leaders who represent, advance, create, and embed a shared sense of identity (ie, a shared sense of “us”) among attendees can promote participation in sport and exercise.