bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cataphora, expletives and impersonal constructions in the history of Icelandic
Authors: Booth Hannah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a diachronic account for the emergence of the expletiveþaðin Icelandic impersonal constructions. Using data from the IcePaHC corpus (Wallenberg et al. 2011), I show that a cataphorically referentialþaðfunctions as a topic position placeholder in Old Icelandic (1150-1350) in impersonals with a clausal argument. The corpus findings indicate thatþaðspread from this early cataphoric context to impersonals which lack the clausal argument, with ‘say-type predicates’ acting as a bridging context. Strikingly, this coincides with another change whereby cataphoricþaðbecomes increasingly restricted to the topic position in constructions with a clausal subject. I interpret this as evidence that cataphoricþaðis losing its subject status in such contexts and becoming a topic position placeholder, in line with its function in impersonals. This sheds light on the mixed status of cataphoricþaðin modern Icelandic and challenges the ‘Prefinite First Hypothesis’ for the diachrony of Germanic expletives (e.g. Faarlund 1990).
Tensorial stress−strain fields and large elastoplasticity as well as friction in diamond anvil cell up to 400 GPa
Authors: Levitas Valery I. , Kamrani Mehdi , Feng Biao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVarious phenomena (fracture, phase transformations, and chemical reactions) studied under extreme pressures in diamond anvil cell are strongly affected by fields of all components of stress and plastic strain tensors. However, they could not be measured. Here, we suggest a coupled experimental−theoretical−computational approach that allowed us (using published experimental data) to refine, calibrate, and verify models for elastoplastic behavior and contact friction for tungsten (W) and diamond up to 400 GPa and reconstruct fields of all components of stress and large plastic strain tensors in W and diamond. Despite the generally accepted strain-induced anisotropy, strain hardening, and path-dependent plasticity, here we showed that W after large plastic strains behaves as isotropic and perfectly plastic with path-independent surface of perfect plasticity. Moreover, scale-independence of elastoplastic properties is found even for such large field gradients. Obtained results open opportunities for quantitative extreme stress science and reaching record high pressures.
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury alters diurnal locomotor activity and response to the light change in mice
Authors: Wang Yu-Syuan , Hsieh Wei , Chung Jia-Ru , Lan Tsuo-Hung , Wang Yun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common cause of brain damage with a high incidence of multiple mTBIs found among athletes and soldiers. The purpose of this study is to examine the diurnal behavioral changes after multiple mTBIs. Adult mice were anesthetized; mTBI was conducted by dropping a 30-g weight to the right temporal skull once (mTBI1) or three times (mTBI3) over 3-week. Open-field motor behavior was recorded for 3 days after the last mTBI. In the first 4-hour exploratory phase, mTBI1 or mTBI3 equally reduced locomotor activity. A significant reduction of locomotor activity was found in the dark cycle between 4–72 hour in mTBI1 or mTBI3 mice; higher motor activity was seen after mTBI3 compared to mTBI1. In the light cycle, mTBI3 mice demonstrated an earlier immobilization followed by hyperactivity. The response to light change significantly correlated with the number of impacts. The IBA1 and BAX protein levels were equally increased in the lesioned cortex after mTBI1 and mTBI3. mTBI3 selectively upregulated the expression of circadian clock gene Per1 in hypothalamus and hippocampus as well as iNOS expression in the lesioned side cortex. Our data suggest multiple mTBIs alter diurnal locomotor activity and response to the change of light, which may involve Per1 expression in the lesioned brain.
Straightening of light in a one dimensional dilute photonic crystal
Authors: Gevorkian Zhyrair , Gasparian Vladimir , Cuevas Emilio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLight transport in a dilute photonic crystal is considered. The analytical expression for the transmission coefficient is derived. Straightening of light under certain conditions in a one-dimensional photonic crystal is predicted. Such behavior is caused by the formation of a localized state in transversal motion. The main contribution to the central diffracted wave transmission coefficient is due to states, that either close to the conductance band’s bottom or deeply localized in the forbidden gap. Both these states suppress mobility in the transverse direction and force light to be straightened. Straightening of light in the optical region along with small reflection make these systems very promising for use in solar cells.
Electrocortical changes associating sedation and respiratory depression by the opioid analgesic fentanyl
Authors: Montandon Gaspard , Horner Richard L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOpioid drugs are the mainstay of pain management but present the side-effect of respiratory depression that can be lethal with overdose. In addition to their respiratory effect, opioids also induce a profound sedative state and produce electrocortical features characteristic of a state of reduced brain arousal, similar to anaesthesia or sleep. In such states, respiratory activity depends more on the integrity of the brainstem respiratory network than it does during wakefulness. Accordingly, we propose that sedation by fentanyl induces specific electrocortical changes consistent with reduced brain arousal, and that the magnitude of respiratory depression is associated with distinct electrocortical changes. To these aims, we determined the effects of systemic injections of fentanyl (dosage 100 µg ·kg) versus control on electrocortical and respiratory activities of freely-behaving rats. We found that fentanyl induced electrocortical changes that differed from those observed in sleep or wakefulness. Fentanyl increased δ (1–3 Hz) frequency power (P < 0.001), but reduced α (7.5–13.5 Hz) and β2 (20–30 Hz) powers (P = 0.012 and P < 0.001, respectively), when compared to wakefulness. Interestingly, respiratory rate depression by fentanyl was significantly correlated with increased θ power (R = 0.61, P < 0.001), therefore showing a clear association between electrocortical activity and the magnitude of respiratory rate depression. Overall, we provide new evidence linking specific electrocortical changes to the severity of respiratory depression by opioids, which highlights the importance of considering the cortical and subcortical effects of opioids in addition to their impacts on breathing when evaluating opioid-induced respiratory depression.
Divergent evolutionary trajectories following speciation in two ectoparasitic honey bee mites
Authors: Techer Maeva A. , Rane Rahul V. , Grau Miguel L. , Roberts John M. K. , Sullivan Shawn T. , Liachko Ivan , Childers Anna K. , Evans Jay D. , Mikheyev Alexander S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultispecies host-parasite evolution is common, but how parasites evolve after speciating remains poorly understood. Shared evolutionary history and physiology may propel species along similar evolutionary trajectories whereas pursuing different strategies can reduce competition. We test these scenarios in the economically important association between honey bees and ectoparasitic mites by sequencing the genomes of the sister mite species Varroa destructor and Varroa jacobsoni. These genomes were closely related, with 99.7% sequence identity. Among the 9,628 orthologous genes, 4.8% showed signs of positive selection in at least one species. Divergent selective trajectories were discovered in conserved chemosensory gene families (IGR, SNMP), and Halloween genes (CYP) involved in moulting and reproduction. However, there was little overlap in these gene sets and associated GO terms, indicating different selective regimes operating on each of the parasites. Based on our findings, we suggest that species-specific strategies may be needed to combat evolving parasite communities.
The survey of planetary nebulae in Andromeda (M 31)
Authors: Bhattacharya Souradeep , Arnaboldi Magda , Caldwell Nelson , Gerhard Ortwin , Blaña Matías , McConnachie Alan , Hartke Johanna , Guhathakurta Puragra , Pulsoni Claudia , Freeman Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2019

Context.The age–velocity dispersion relation is an important tool to understand the evolution of the disc of the Andromeda galaxy (M 31) in comparison with the Milky Way.Aims.We use planetary nebulae (PNe) to obtain the age–velocity dispersion relation in different radial bins of the M 31 disc.Methods.We separate the observed PNe sample based on their extinction values into two distinct age populations in the M 31 disc. The observed velocities of our high- and low-extinction PNe, which correspond to higher- and lower-mass progenitors, respectively, are fitted in de-projected elliptical bins to obtain their rotational velocities,Vϕ, and corresponding dispersions,σϕ. We assign ages to the two PN populations by comparing central-star properties of an archival sub-sample of PNe, that have models fitted to their observed spectral features, to stellar evolution tracks.Results.For the high- and low-extinction PNe, we find ages of ∼2.5 and ∼4.5 Gyr, respectively, with distinct kinematics beyond a deprojected radiusRGC = 14 kpc. AtRGC = 17–20 kpc, which is the equivalent distance in disc scale lengths of the Sun in the Milky Way disc, we obtainσϕ,  2.5 Gyr = 61 ± 14 km s−1andσϕ,  4.5 Gyr = 101 ± 13 km s−1. The age–velocity dispersion relation for the M 31 disc is obtained in two radial bins,RGC = 14–17 and 17–20 kpc.Conclusions.The high- and low-extinction PNe are associated with the young thin and old thicker disc of M 31, respectively, whose velocity dispersion values increase with age. These values are almost twice and three times that of the Milky Way disc stellar population of corresponding ages, respectively. From comparison with simulations of merging galaxies, we find that the age–velocity dispersion relation in the M 31 disc measured using PNe is indicative of a single major merger that occurred 2.5–4.5 Gyr ago with an estimated merger mass ratio ≈1:5.
Does magnetic field impact tidal dynamics inside the convective zone of low-mass stars along their evolution?
Authors: Astoul A. , Mathis S. , Baruteau C. , Gallet F. , Strugarek A. , Augustson K. C. , Brun A. S. , Bolmont E. 
Published: September 2019

Context. The dissipation of the kinetic energy of wave-like tidal flows within the convective envelope of low-mass stars is one of the key physical mechanisms that shapes the orbital and rotational dynamics of short-period exoplanetary systems. Although low-mass stars are magnetically active objects, the question of how the star’s magnetic field impacts large-scale tidal flows and the excitation, propagation and dissipation of tidal waves still remains open.
Aims. Our goal is to investigate the impact of stellar magnetism on the forcing of tidal waves, and their propagation and dissipation in the convective envelope of low-mass stars as they evolve.
Methods. We have estimated the amplitude of the magnetic contribution to the forcing and dissipation of tidally induced magneto-inertial waves throughout the structural and rotational evolution of low-mass stars (from M to F-type). For this purpose, we have used detailed grids of rotating stellar models computed with the stellar evolution code STAREVOL. The amplitude of dynamo-generated magnetic fields is estimated via physical scaling laws at the base and the top of the convective envelope.
Results. We find that the large-scale magnetic field of the star has little influence on the excitation of tidal waves in the case of nearly-circular orbits and coplanar hot-Jupiter planetary systems, but that it has a major impact on the way waves are dissipated. Our results therefore indicate that a full magneto-hydrodynamical treatment of the propagation and dissipation of tidal waves is needed to properly assess the impact of star-planet tidal interactions throughout the evolutionary history of low-mass stars hosting short-period massive planets.
Die Verbrannte Hand – Neuheiten und aktuelle
Forschung
Authors: Popp Daniel , Tapking Christian , Branski Ludwik Krystof 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungEine funktionierende Handmotorik ist im täglichen Leben und in der Arbeitswelt
unverzichtbar. Selbst kleinere Verbrennungen können selbige entweder direkt oder
durch Narbenbildung wesentlich einschränken. Erhalt und Wiederherstellung der
Handfunktion sind essenziell für das körperliche und seelische Wohlbefinden von
Verbrennungspatienten, zumal eine Einschränkung zu sozialer Isolation und
Berufsunfähigkeit führen kann. Obwohl eine Hand nur 3 % der gesamten
Körperoberfläche repräsentiert, werden Handverbrennungen als schwere Verbrennung
eingestuft und zählen zu den primären Indikationen zur Behandlung in einem
Verbrennungszentrum. Bei mehr als 80 % aller schweren Verbrennungen sind die
Hände beteiligt und zählen somit zu den am häufigsten betroffenen
Körperregionen. Unabhängig von der Schwere der gesamten Verbrennung ist den
Händen höchste Priorität beizumessen.Weiterentwicklungen in der Akut- und Langzeitbehandlung von Brandverletzungen der
Hand sollten zum Ziel haben, eine langfristige Verbesserung der funktionellen
und ästhetischen Ergebnisse zu erlangen. Zudem soll auch bei schwerer
Handverbrennung die Wiedereingliederung in Alltag und Berufsleben angestrebt
werden. Der Zweck dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, die aktuelle Forschung auf dem
Gebiet der Handverbrennung aufzuzeigen und Teilbereiche zu identifizieren, in
denen in Zukunft intensivere Forschung betrieben werden sollte. Wir fassen in
dieser Arbeit relevante Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten der letzten Jahre auf
dem Gebiet der Handverbrennung zusammen. Neuheiten zu Akutbehandlung,
Nachbehandlung, Rekonstruktion, der Verletzung durch E-Zigaretten sowie zur
Funktionsbeurteilung werden vorgestellt und in Kontext zu bewährten Methoden
gestellt. Die Problematik mangelnder Forschungsprojekte und potenzielle
Forschungsideen werden aufgezeigt.
Influence of Concomitant Treatments under Anticoagulants and Statins in Detecting Signals of Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Jimenez-Serrania Maria-Isabel , Treceño-Lobato Carlos 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of concomitant treatments in patients treated with anticoagulants and statins. The authors performed an observational cross-sectional study in two cohorts of surveyed patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Different groups were analyzed based on the drug that each patient was taking, that is, VKAs or NOACs, as well as on the use of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) versus nonuse of these drugs; they also took into account the potential exposure to other common medications. Descriptive, clinical, and ADR data were reported and analyzed through an adaptation of Bayesian methodology (false discovery rate < 0.05) to detect new signals. Eleven different ADRs in patients on VKAs and statins and 12 in patients on VKAs without statins were found. In evaluating the concomitant therapies, the authors found that analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most common therapeutic options, followed by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Seven ADRs were observed in patients concomitantly treated with NOACs and statins, whereas NOACs without concomitant statins were associated with a significantly lower risk of bleeding. The risk of observing an ADR among the patients who are concomitantly treated with VKAs and statins is lower than with analgesics or PPI, while the concomitant use of NOACs and statins is associated with both an increment in the number of observed ADRs and increased risk of bleeding.
Evaluation of Extensor Pollicis Brevis as a Recipient of Tendon Transfer for Thumb Extension
Authors: Bhardwaj Praveen , Muddappa Poonacha Puchimada , Bindesh Dadi , Sabapathy Shanmuganathan Raja 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Introduction Rerouting of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) is the standard part of tendon transfer surgery for thumb extension. It is done to overcome the ulnar vector of the EPL action. Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB), however, produces better thumb abduction and extension by virtue of its radial vector. The described anatomical variation of EPB extending the thumb interphalangeal joint (IPJ), therefore, gives the “best combination” of movements by a single-thumb extensor tendon.
Materials and Methods We performed this transfer in six patients in whom the EPB was found to be extending the IPJ while checked intraoperatively. Three of these six patients were cases of radial nerve palsy and the other three presented with brachial plexus palsy. The outcome was assessed by measuring palmar and radial abduction of the thumb, Kapandji’s score, and Bincaz’s scale.
Results We found satisfactory results in all the six patients. In our series, patients had an average radial extension of the thumb of 29.2 degrees and an average palmar abduction of the thumb of 65.7 degrees. On evaluation with the Bincaz score; one patient had excellent result, three patients had good results, and two patients had fair results.
Conclusion In situations where EPL rerouting is not possible (as in cases where the donor tendon needs to reach the thumb from the ulnar side, for example, flexor carpi ulnaris), transfer to the EPB, provided it is extending the thumb IPJ, would produce better extension and abduction of the thumb than the transfer to the EPL.
High Flow Nasal Cannula versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Primary Respiratory Support in Preterm Infants: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Demirel Gamze , Vatansever Binay , Tastekin Ayhan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective This study compares high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) within the first hour of life as the primary respiratory support in neonates of ≤32 weeks of gestational age.
Study Design This prospective, randomized study was conducted in infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks who had spontaneous respiration. HFNC or nCPAP was used as a first line respiratory support after admission to intensive care unit. Primary outcome was primary treatment failure. Secondary outcomes were duration of noninvasive respiratory support and oxygen treatment, maximum FiO2 level, length of hospital stay, intubation rate, rates of respiratory distress syndrome, pneumothorax, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Subgroup analysis was performed for infants ≤28 weeks of gestational age.
Results We enrolled 107 infants, 53 in HFNC and 54 to nCPAP group. There was no difference in primary outcome between the two groups. There was no difference between the groups in aspect of secondary outcomes.
Conclusion HFNC and nCPAP have no significant differences as a primary mode of respiratory support in preterm infants, in the time to wean off the devices and oxygen support, respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia incidence, hospitalization duration, and rates of complications of prematurity.
Prevalence of Dental Caries among the Population of Gwalior (India) in Relation of Different Associated Factors
Authors: Khan Abdul Arif , Jain Sudhir K. , Shrivastav Archana 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: India is unique in entire world due to variety of dietary habits in population. Many
people of India follow totally vegetarian life style through their entire life time due to some religious and cultural reasons. Present study tried to analyze the role of different factors in the occurrence of dental caries including dietary habit.Methods: Persons suffering with dental caries were examined for the type of dental cariesin relation to different factors. Dental examination was performed and patients were asked a questionnaire andthe data was recorded and analyzed.Results: Incidence of dental caries was higher in female. High number of dental caries patients
was observed among vegetarian population. 21-30 year age group was found to be most infected with dental caries.Conclusions: This study can be helpful to analyze respective role of different dietary factors
including protein rich diet, age, gender etc. on the prevalence of dental caries, which can be helpful to counteract the potential increase in the cases of dental caries and to design and plan preventive strategies for the persons at greatest risk. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:81-85)
The Effect of Different Fiber Concentrations on the Surface Roughness of Provisional Crown and Fixed Partial Denture Resin
Authors: Zortuk Mustafa , Kılıc Kerem , Uzun Gulay , Ozturk Ahmet , Kesim Bulent 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate surface roughness in provisional crown acrylics, after polishing, reinforced with different concentrations of glass fibers.Methods: A total of 48 disk-shaped specimens were prepared using autopolymerizing acrylic resin. These specimens were divided into four groups according to the level of glass fiber added: Group A (no fiber), Group B (0.5%), Group C (1%) and Group D (2%). After polishing the specimens, an average surface roughness (Ra) value was calculated using a profilometer from four randomly selected points on the surface.Results: A significant difference was determined among the surface roughness values of provisional crown resins to which different concentrations of fiber had been added (P<.001).Tukey�s test was then used to perform paired comparisons of the data between the different groups, and a significant difference was found between Group A (no fiber) and the other groups, between Group B (0.5%) and Group D (2%) and between Group C (1%) and Group D. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between Group B and Group C.Conclusions: The reinforcement of provisional crown and fixed partial denture resin with glass fibers increases surface roughness. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:185-190)
Effects of Mouth Rinses on Color Stability of Resin Composites
Authors: Celik Cigdem , Yuzugullu Bulem , Erkut Selim , Yamanel Kıvanc 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 commercially available mouth rinses on the color stability of 4 different resin-based composite restorative materials.Methods: Forty disc-shaped specimens (10x2 mm) were prepared from each of the following materials: A nanofill composite Filtek Supreme XT (3M/Espe, St. Paul, MN, USA); a packable lowshrinkage composite, AeliteLS Packable (BISCO, Inc, Shaumburg, IL, USA); nanoceramic compositeresin Ceram-X (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany); a microhybrid composite, and Aelite All-Purpose Body (BISCO). The specimens were then incubated in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The baseline color values (L*, a*, b*) of each specimen were measured with a colorimeter according to the CIELAB color scale. After baseline color measurements, 10 randomly selected specimens from each group were immersed in 1 of the 3 mouth rinses and distilled water as control. The specimens were stored in 20 mL of each mouth rinse (Oral B Alcohol-free, Listerine Tooth Defense Anti-cavity Fluoride Rinse and Klorhex) for 12 hours. After immersion, the color values of all specimens were remeasured, and the color change value ΔE*ab was calculated. Data were analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance at a significance level of .05.Results: All specimens displayed color changes after immersion, and there was a statistically significant difference among restorative materials and mouth rinses (P<.05); however, the change was not visually perceptible (ΔE*ab<3.3). The interaction between the effect of mouth rinses and type of restorative materials was not statistically significant (P>.05).Conclusions: It may be concluded that although visually nonperceptible, all resin restorative materials tested showed a color difference after immersion in different mouth rinses. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:247-253)