bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing Reproducibility in Cryopreservation, and Considerations Necessary for Commercialization and Community Development in Support of Genetic Resources of Aquatic Species
Authors: Torres Leticia , Tiersch Terrence R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor the past six decades a repeated cycle of developing new cryopreservation protocols or simply reinventing them to counteract a lack of reproducibility has led to hundreds of published studies that have offered little to the establishment of a genetic resources community for aquatic species. This has hampered repository development and inhibited industrial application. Most protocols were developed without standardized approaches, leading to irreproducible studies and questionable or meaningless comparisons. Thus cryopreservation of germplasm in aquatic species would greatly benefit from strategies to facilitate reproducibility. Our objectives were to: (1) identify major sources of irreproducibility across research, small‐scale, repository, and commercial‐scale development levels; (2) provide recommendations to address reproducibility challenges; and (3) offer suggestions on how researchers can directly influence commercial development and application of cryopreservation research. Sources of irreproducibility include lack of standardized procedural approaches, lack of standardized terminology, and lack of reporting guidelines. To address these challenges, we propose implementation of standard operating procedures, support of stock centers and internet content for development of training programs, and strengthening of the role of scientific journals and reviewers in reducing the frequency of irreproducible outcomes. Reproducibility is the foundation for quality management programs and product reliability, and therefore, standardization is necessary to assure efficient transition to commercial‐scale application and repository development. Progress can only be possible through community‐based approaches focused on coalescence and consensus of disparate groups involved in aquatic species cryopreservation and management of genetic resources.
Worry about victimization, crime information processing, and social categorization biases
Authors: Gouseti Ioanna 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThis study explores associations between worry about victimization, crime information processing, and social categorization biases. Its results speak to the public communication of the crime‐risk.MethodsThe study tests hypotheses that draw on the construal‐level theory of psychological distance and the uncertainty‐identity theory. Through an online experiment that was conducted in 2015 on Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 312), three experimental groups were exposed to different modes of crime information processing and were then asked about their worry about victimization and attitudes to social categorization.ResultsThe results suggest that passive engagement with information about real crimes, that is only reading about them, is more likely to decrease levels of worry about victimization compared to engaging with such information actively, that is by thinking about causes or consequences of crime. It is also found that worry about victimization is significantly related to social categorization biases, namely in‐group identification, outgroup derogation, and racist attitudes.ConclusionsThe mode of crime information processing (active vs. passive) appears to be a strong ‘predictor’ of worry about victimization. In turn, worry about victimization is related to social categorization biases that damage collective well‐being. These findings can feed into evidence‐based strategies for the public communication of crime that keep people informed but free from fear.
Cross‐cultural verbal deception
Authors: Leal Sharon , Vrij Aldert , Vernham Zarah , Dalton Gary , Jupe Louise , Harvey Adam , Nahari Galit 
Published: June 2018

Background‘Interviewing to detect deception’ research is sparse across different Ethnic Groups. In the present experiment, we interviewed truth tellers and liars from British, Chinese, and Arab origins. British interviewees belong to a low‐context culture (using a communication style that relies heavily on explicit and direct language), whereas Chinese and Arab interviewees belong to high‐context cultures (communicate in ways that are implicit and rely heavily on context).MethodInterviewees were interviewed in pairs and 153 pairs took part. Truthful pairs discussed an actual visit to a nearby restaurant, whereas deceptive pairs pretended to have visited a nearby restaurant. Seventeen verbal cues were examined.ResultsCultural cues (differences between cultures) were more prominent than cues to deceit (differences between truth tellers and liars). In particular, the British interviewees differed from their Chinese and Arab counterparts and the differences reflected low‐ and high‐context culture communication styles.ConclusionCultural cues could quickly lead to cross‐cultural verbal communication errors: the incorrect interpretation of a cultural difference as a cue to deceit.
Transgender voices: Insights on identity, embodiment, and the gender of the voice
Authors: Zimman Lal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe voice is a highly salient cue in the perception of gender and an important analytic factor in both phonetic and sociophonetic analysis. Although we have a wealth of knowledge about the social construction of gender through language, gender differences in the voice are frequently treated as natural, direct products of sex differentiation. This article focuses on three major areas of insight from studies of transgender people's voices that build on previous evidence that even biologically influenced features of the gendered voice, like pitch, are shaped by sociocultural practice: the identification of features that distinguish voices perceived as female from those perceived as male; the examination of the degree to which the gendered characteristics of the voice can change; and the theorization of where gender differences in the voice come from. Inclusion of trans speakers in the sociophonetic study of the gendered voice requires linguists to be more cautious in the categorization of voices as female or male on the basis of speakers' perceived sex.
Hydrothermal dynamics in a CM‐based model of Ceres
Authors: Travis B. J. , Bland P. A. , Feldman W. C. , Sykes M. V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA 2‐D numerical study of the evolution of Ceres from a “frozen mudball” to the present era emphasizes the importance of hydrothermal processes. Particulates released as the “frozen mudball” thaws settle to form a roughly 290 km radius core. Hydrothermal flow is driven by radiogenic heating and serpentinization. Both salt‐free and brine fluids are considered. Our modeling suggests that Ceres’s core has been warm over most of its history and is still above freezing, and convective processes are active in core and mantle to the present. The addition of low eutectic solutes greatly expands the region of active convection. A global muddy ocean persists for the first 3 Gyr, and at present, there may be several regional mud seas buried under a frozen crust. Transport of interior material to the near surface occurs throughout our model's history. Eutectic brines drive convective flow to near the surface, even breaching the surface in isolated regions, on the order of 30 km in width, similar in size to some mounds detected using the Dawn visible imaging camera (Sizemore et al. 2015). Surface features such as the bright spot in Occator crater and Ahuna Mons could be the result of eutectic plumes. The CM‐based model density profile is within 10% of Ermakov et al.'s () results. The model mud mantle has a roughly 42:58 volumetric partitioning of H2O to rock. Our mud model is consistent with the absence of large craters (Marchi et al. ) and an internal viscosity decreasing with depth (Fu et al. ).
A realist qualitative study to explore how low‐income pregnant women use Healthy Start food vouchers
Authors: Ohly Heather , Crossland Nicola , Dykes Fiona , Lowe Nicola , Moran Victoria Hall 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHealthy Start is the UK government's food voucher programme for low‐income pregnant women and young children. It was introduced in 2006, but the impact of the programme on nutritional outcomes remains understudied. This study sought to explore potential outcomes of the Healthy Start programme (including intended and unintended outcomes) and develop explanations for how and why these outcomes might occur. A realist review preceded this study, in which programme theories were developed and tested using existing evidence. This qualitative study aimed to further refine and consolidate the programme theories from the realist review while remaining open to new and emerging theories (or hypotheses) about how low‐income pregnant women use Healthy Start vouchers. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 low‐income women from North West England, who received Healthy Start vouchers during pregnancy. A realist logic of analysis was applied to generate clear and transparent linkages between outcomes and explanations. The findings suggested that some women used the vouchers to improve their diets during pregnancy (intended outcome), whereas some women were diverted towards alternative or unintended outcomes. Women's circumstances, values, beliefs, and motivations influenced how they perceived and responded to the vouchers. This paper presents four evidence‐based programme theories to explain four contrasting (and potentially overlapping) outcomes: dietary improvements (theory refined from review), shared benefits (new theory), financial assistance (theory refined from review), and stockpiling formula (new theory). It considers how the Healthy Start programme could be improved, to increase the possibilities for low‐income women to experience the intended outcome of dietary improvements.
Pleiotropic effects of regulatory variation in tan result in correlation of two pigmentation traits in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Endler Lukas , Gibert Jean‐Michel , Nolte Viola , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTraits with a common genetic basis frequently display correlated phenotypic responses to selection or environmental conditions. In Drosophila melanogaster, pigmentation of the abdomen and a trident‐shaped region on the thorax are genetically correlated. Here, we used a pooled replicated genomewide association approach (Pool‐GWAS) to identify the genetic basis of variation in thoracic trident pigmentation in two Drosophila melanogaster populations. We confirmed the previously reported large effect of ebony and the association of the cosmopolitan inversion In(3R)Payne. For the first time, we identified tan as another major locus contributing to variation in trident pigmentation. Intriguingly, the regulatory variants of tan that were most strongly associated with female abdominal pigmentation also showed a strong association with trident pigmentation. We validated this common genetic basis in transgenic assays and found qualitatively similar effects on trident and abdominal pigmentation. Further work is required to determine whether this genetic correlation is favoured by natural selection or reflects a neutral by‐product of a shared regulatory architecture.
Utilizing state‐of‐the‐art “omics” technology and bioinformatics to identify new biological mechanisms and biomarkers for coronary artery disease
Authors: Vernon Stephen T. , Hansen Thomas , Kott Katharine A. , Yang Jean Y. , O'Sullivan John F. , Figtree Gemma A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIdentification of the four standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs)—diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and cigarette smoking—has allowed the development of risk scores. These have been used in conjunction with primary and secondary prevention strategies targeting SMuRFs to reduce the burden of CAD. Recent studies show that up to 25% of ACS patients do not have any SMuRFs. Thus, SMuRFs do not explain the entire burden of CAD. There appears to be variation at the individual level rendering some individuals relatively susceptible or resilient to developing atherosclerosis. Important disease pathways remain to be discovered, and there is renewed enthusiasm to discover novel biomarkers, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. Two broad approaches are being taken: traditional approaches investigating known candidate pathways and unbiased omics approaches. We review recent progress in the field and discuss opportunities made possible by technological and data science advances. Developments in network analytics and machine learning algorithms used in conjunction with large‐scale multi‐omic platforms have the potential to uncover biological networks that may not have been identifiable using traditional approaches. These approaches are useful for both biomedical research and precision medicine strategies.
Swallow strength training exercise for elderly: A health maintenance need
Authors: Agrawal D. , Kern M. , Edeani F. , Balasubramanian G. , Hyngstrom A. , Sanvanson P. , Shaker R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown high prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia associated with frailty‐ and age‐related muscle weakness. Strength training exercises have been advocated for locomotive health maintenance in the elderly and have shown positive outcomes. As muscles involved in oropharyngeal phase of swallowing are also comprised of striated muscles, the aim of this study was to determine biomechanical effect of a novel resistance exercise program, Swallowing Against Laryngeal Restriction (SALR), on pharyngeal phase swallowing in the healthy elderly.MethodsA total of 28 volunteers (75 + 7 years; 17 females) with no complaint of dysphagia were studied using video fluoroscopy before and after 6 weeks of the swallow strength training exercise. Eighteen of these volunteers also underwent high‐resolution pharyngeal manometry non‐concurrent with fluoroscopy. Ten additional volunteers (81 + 6 years; 9 females) were studied by videofluoroscopy before and after 6 weeks of a sham exercise.Key ResultsSwallow resistance exercise but not the sham exercise resulted in a significant increase in maximum upper esophageal sphincter opening (P < .01), superior and anterior laryngeal excursion (P < .01) as well as posterior pharyngeal wall thickness (P < .01). Resistance exercise but not sham exercise also resulted in a significant increase in deglutitive pharyngeal contractile integral (P < .01).Conclusions & InferencesStrength training of muscles involved in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing using the swallowing against laryngeal restriction technique is feasible and significantly improves key physiologic features of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. These findings provide the basis for consideration of developing an exercise‐based swallow health maintenance program for the elderly swallow health maintenance program for the elderly.
The “Biology‐First” Hypothesis: Functional disorders may begin and end with biology—A scoping review
Authors: Enck P. , Mazurak N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile it is generally accepted that gastrointestinal infections can cause functional disturbances in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract—known as postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI‐IBS) and functional dyspepsia (PI‐FD)—it has still not been widely recognized that such an infection can also initiate functional non‐intestinal diseases, and that non‐intestinal infections can provoke both intestinal and non‐intestinal functional disturbances. We conducted a scoping review of the respective literature and—on the basis of these data—hypothesize that medically unexplained functional symptoms and syndromes following an infection may have a biological (genetic, endocrine, microbiological) origin, and that psychological and social factors, which may contribute to the disease “phenotype,” are secondary to this biological cause. If this holds true, then the search for psychological and social theories and factors to explain why one patient develops a chronic functional disorder while another does not is—at least for postinfectious states—misleading and detracts from exploring and identifying the true origins of these essentially biological disorders. The biopsychosocial model may, as the term implies, always begin with biology, also for functional (somatoform) disorders.
Decoding the gene coexpression network underlying the ability of Gevuina avellana to live in diverse light conditions
Authors: Ostria‐Gallardo Enrique , Ranjan Aashish , Ichihashi Yasunori , Corcuera Luis J. , Sinha Neelima R. 
Published: June 2018

Summary

Gevuina avellana (Proteaceae) is a typical tree from the South American temperate rainforest. Although this species mostly regenerates in shaded understories, it exhibits an exceptional ecological breadth, being able to live under a wide range of light conditions. Here we studied the genetic basis that underlies physiological acclimation of the photosynthetic responses of G. avellana under contrasting light conditions.

We analyzed carbon assimilation and light energy used for photochemical processes in plants acclimated to contrasting light conditions. Also, we used a transcriptional profile of leaf primordia from G. avellana saplings growing under different light environments in their natural habitat, to identify the gene coexpression network underpinning photosynthetic performance and light‐related processes.

The photosynthetic parameters revealed optimal performance regardless of light conditions. Strikingly, the mechanism involved in dissipation of excess light energy showed no significant differences between high‐ and low‐light‐acclimated plants. The gene coexpression network defined a community structure consistent with the photochemical responses, including genes involved mainly in assembly and functioning of photosystems, photoprotection, and retrograde signaling.

This ecophysiological genomics approach improves our understanding of the intraspecific variability that allows G. avellana to have optimal photochemical and photoprotective mechanisms in the diverse light habitats it encounters in nature.
Kin recognition in rice (Oryza sativa) lines
Authors: Yang Xue‐Fang , Li Lei‐Lei , Xu You , Kong Chui‐Hua 
Published: June 2018

Summary

Kin recognition is an important mediator of interactions within individuals of a species. Despite increasing evidence of kin recognition in natural plant populations, relatively little is known about kin recognition in crop species where numerous cultivars have been generated by artificial selection.

We identified rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars with the ability for kin recognition from two sets of indica‐inbred and indica‐hybrid lines at different levels of genetic relatedness. We then assessed this ability among kin and nonkin and tested potential mechanisms in a series of controlled experiments and field trails.

Rice cultivars with the ability for kin recognition were capable of detecting the presence of kin and nonkin and responded to them by altering root behavior and biomass allocation, particularly for grain yield. Furthermore, we assessed the role of root exudates and found a root‐secreted nitrogen‐rich allantoin component to be responsible for kin recognition in rice lines.

Kin recognition in rice lines mediated by root exudates occurs in a cultivar‐dependent manner. Rice cultivars with the ability for kin recognition may increase grain yield in the presence of kin. Such an improvement of grain yield by kin recognition of cultivar mixtures offers many implications and applications in rice production.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy resulting from atrial pacing: An unusual case of intraventricular conduction delay
Authors: Thurber Clinton J. , Suarez Keith , Banchs Javier E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation is complicated by a significant rate of failure to place a left ventricular lead via the coronary sinus. The present case describes one such failure ironically leading to resynchronization. The patient's QRS narrowing subsequent to postimplant atrial pacing alone suggests that bradycardia‐dependent phase 4 block was the indirect but exclusive cause of the patient's intraventricular conduction delay. Thus, phase 4 block should be considered when atrial pacing at a faster rate resolves a wide QRS interval.
What Does ‘Legal Obligation’ Mean?
Authors: Wodak Daniel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhat do normative terms like ‘obligation’ mean in legal contexts? On one view, which H.L.A. Hart may have endorsed, ‘obligation’ isambiguousin moral and legal contexts. On another, which is dominant in jurisprudence, ‘obligation’ has a distinctivelymoralizedmeaning in legal contexts. On a third view, which is often endorsed in philosophy of language, ‘obligation’ has agenericmeaning in moral and legal contexts. After making the nature of and disagreements between these views precise, I show how linguistic data militates against both rivals to the generic meaning view, and argue that this has significant implications for jurisprudence.
Modulation of seminal plasma content in extended semen improves the quality attributes of ram spermatozoa following liquid preservation at 3–5°C
Authors: Paul Rajani K. , Balaganur Krishnappa , Kumar Davendra , Naqvi Syed M. K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSeminal plasma (SP) is known to induce motility and capacitation in spermatozoa curtailing their lifespan when preserved. Hence, this study was conducted to examine the effects of removal of SP from sperm surface prior to liquid preservation either by high dilution (1/15) or by washing and the poststorage treatment with SP (15% and 25%, v/v) on the quality attributes of liquid‐preserved ram semen. Over the period of storage, the rapid motility (66.0% and 71.1% vs. 58.3%), straightness (87.1% and 82.1% vs. 79.4%), average path velocity (152.3 and 152.0 µm/s vs. 133.3 µm/s) and the straight‐line velocity (131.3 and 127.8 µm/s vs. 108.5 µm/s) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in both the high‐dilution and wash groups as compared to the control (1/3 dilution). The functional membrane integrity (82.3% vs. 77.2%) and noncapacitated sperm count (65.0% vs. 58.7%) were also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the high‐dilution and wash groups, respectively, as compared to the control. The poststorage treatment of sperm with SP significantly (p < 0.05) increased the functional membrane integrity (70.1% vs. 53.8%) and most of the motility attributes as compared to the control (without SP). In conclusion, both the removal of SP prior to liquid preservation and poststorage treatment with SP significantly improved the quality attributes of ram spermatozoa.