bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When does extreme drought elicit extreme ecological responses?
Authors: Zhang Fangyue , Quan Quan , Ma Fangfang , Tian Dashuan , Hoover David L. , Zhou Qingping , Niu Shuli 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Global climate change models predict an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme droughts, with uncertain ecological impacts across ecosystems. In particular, it is not clear when extreme droughts will elicit extreme ecological responses.

For this study, we employed three complementary approaches to explore the relationships between extreme drought and ecosystem responses. First, we used global data mining to evaluate the relationship between extreme gross primary productivity and extreme precipitation from 1980 to 2013. Second, we conducted a meta‐analysis using 132 drought experiments across the globe to assess the response ratios (RRs) of above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) to extreme versus non‐extreme drought treatments. Third, we examined community and ecosystem responses in an alpine meadow to a drought gradient experiment, which included five precipitation treatment levels (1/12 P, 1/4 P, 1/2 P, 3/4 P, and P, where P is the growing season precipitation).

This study had three key results. In our historical data mining, we found that extreme droughts elicited extreme ecological responses only 15.1% of the time. The meta‐analysis results indicated that there were no significant differences in the RRs of ANPP between the extreme versus non‐extreme drought treatments. The drought gradient experiment results revealed that although the four drought treatments were statistically extreme, only the most extreme drought treatment (1/12 P) significantly reduced ANPP over the 3 years. Meanwhile, species richness and asynchrony were significantly reduced under the 1/12 P treatment, which led to a significant reduction in productivity.

Synthesis. These results suggest that extreme ecological responses to extreme drought may be less frequent than previously thought. But when they do occur, extreme ecological responses may be driven by plant community changes such as species asynchrony, species loss or species reordering. Our experimental results highlight the key role of community dynamics in determining the resistance of ecosystem productivity to extreme drought, which should be assessed when predicting ecological responses to climate change.
Adaptation to host in Vibrio vulnificus, a zoonotic pathogen that causes septicemia in fish and humans
Authors: Hernández‐Cabanyero Carla , Lee Chung‐Te , Tolosa‐Enguis Verónica , Sanjuán Eva , Pajuelo David , Reyes‐López Felipe , Tort Lluis , Amaro Carmen 
Published: June 2019

SummaryVibrio vulnificus is a siderophilic pathogen spreading due to global warming. The zoonotic strains constitute a clonal‐complex related to fish farms that are distributed worldwide. In this study, we applied a transcriptomic and single gene approach and discover that the zoonotic strains bypassed the iron requirement of the species thanks to the acquisition of two iron‐regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs) involved in resistance to fish innate immunity. Both proteins have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer and are contributing to the successful spreading of this clonal‐complex. We have also discovered that the zoonotic strains express a virulent phenotype in the blood of its main susceptible hosts (iron‐overloaded humans and healthy eels) by combining a host‐specific protective envelope with the common expression of two toxins (VvhA and RtxA1), one of which (RtxA1) is directly involved in sepsis. Finally, we found that both IROMPs are also present in other fish pathogenic species and have recently been transmitted to the phylogenetic lineage involved in human primary sepsis after raw seafood ingestion. Together our results highlight the potential hazard that the aquaculture industry poses to public health, which is of particular relevance in the context of a warming world.
Care of Women Presenting with Suspected Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes from 24+0 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Thomson AJ ,   the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Published: June 2019

Tweetable abstract#GreenTopGuideline No. 73 recommends how to diagnose & care for suspected #PPROM from 24 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks of gestation.
Implementation study reporting diagnostic accuracy, outcomes and costs in a multicentre randomised controlled trial of non‐expert lung ultrasound to detect pulmonary oedema
Authors: Baker Kylie , Brierley Stephen , Kinnear Frances , Isoardi Katherine , Livesay Georgia , Stieler Geoffrey , Mitchell Geoffrey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundLung ultrasound experts claim that ‘B line’ artefacts herald pulmonary oedema, but links between early recognition and improved outcome are unconfirmed, particularly for non‐expert clinicians.ObjectiveAssess individual and system impacts of early, non‐expert lung ultrasound (LUS) in breathless older patients.MethodsProspective single‐blinded randomised controlled trial of point of care LUS by non‐expert clinicians, augmenting ED assessment of patients over 60 years, presenting with dyspnoea. After brief training, clinicians at three hospitals used computer‐generated block randomisation envelopes to allocate a convenience sample of consenting presenters to conventional or LUS‐augmented management. ED provisional diagnosis was compared to a post‐discharge chart audit diagnosis, blinded to ultrasound findings. Secondary outcomes were the length of stay in ED and hospital, costs and discharge destinations.ResultsFrom three sites, 224 controls were compared with 218 interventions. LUS improved diagnostic accuracy, with a small effect size in favour of LUS (risk difference: 6.5%, 95% CI 0.9–12) and a number needed to scan of 16 (95% CI 8–107). With LUS, ED and hospital stay increased non‐significantly, while discharge destination trends improved. No harm ensued.ConclusionsNon‐expert LUS augmenting dyspnoea workup may improve diagnostic accuracy, but did not significantly alter costs or outcomes in the ED or the hospital. Trial registration: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12613001023741).
Sarcopenia, nutritional status and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study in a group of Mexican women residing in a nursing home
Authors: Velázquez‐Alva María C. , Irigoyen‐Camacho María E. , Zepeda‐Zepeda Marco A. , Lazarevich Irina , Arrieta‐Cruz Isabel , D'Hyver Carlos 
Published: June 2019

AimTo evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with nutritional status and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older women living in a nursing home.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study assessed nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Sarcopenia was defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; hand grip strength and physical performance were determined by dynamometry and gait speed, respectively. Muscle mass was assessed using calf circumference.ResultsThe mean age of the 114 participants was 84.1 ± 7.0 years. The prevalence of sarcopenia and T2DM was 30.7% and 10.5%, respectively. The majority (66.7%) had a normal nutritional status, 29.8% were at risk of malnutrition, and 3.5% were undernourished. The prevalence of sarcopenia in participants at risk of malnutrition and those who were undernourished was higher compared with participants with a normal NS (P < 0.0001). A statistically significant difference was observed in the Barthel Index (BI) between women with and without sarcopenia (P = 0.048). The multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted by age (p = 0.007) showed an association between sarcopenia and nutritional status. Women with a poor nutritional status were more likely to have sarcopenia (OR 4.97, P = 0.003) whilst those with T2DM showed a higher probability of sarcopenia (OR 5.52, P = 0.019) than women without T2DM.ConclusionsSarcopenia was highly prevalent in women with a poor nutritional status and T2DM. It is necessary to implement intervention programs to reduce adverse outcomes.
Tissue‐Specific Distribution of Sphingomyelin Species in Pork Chop Revealed by Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization–Imaging Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Enomoto Hirofumi , Takeda Shiro , Hatta Hajime , Zaima Nobuhiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSphingomyelin (SM) species are major sphingolipids in pork meat that affect quality parameters, such as health benefits due to their protective properties against chronic diseases; however, their spatial distribution remains unclear. We used matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)–imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) to investigate the distribution and composition of SM species in pork chop consisting of longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle (loin), intermuscular fat tissue, transparent tissue, and spinalis muscle. Four SM species were identified by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem MS (MS/MS) and MALDI–MS/MS and visualized using MALDI–IMS. SM species containing stearic acid were predominantly distributed in the loin and spinalis muscle, whereas SM species containing palmitic, lignoceric, and nervonic acids were predominantly distributed in transparent tissue. These results indicated that the distribution of SM species differed among the pork tissues, depending on the tissue‐specific fatty acid composition. The total amount including all identified SM species was higher in the loin than in spinalis muscle. Pork is reportedly associated with increased risk for chronic diseases due to the high amount of heme iron. From the observation of color, the amount of heme iron was lower in loin than in spinalis muscle. Thus, the degree of risk for chronic diseases might be lower in the loin than in spinalis muscle. This is the first report on the tissue‐specific distribution of SM species in meat at a microscopic resolution using IMS. MALDI–IMS analysis may be useful in assessing the association between SM species and quality parameters of pork meat.Practical ApplicationSphingomyelin (SM) species are major sphingolipids in pork meat. SM species affect quality parameters such as health benefits due to their protective properties against colon cancer and atherosclerosis. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization–imaging mass spectrometry analysis combined with liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry is a suitable method to directly investigate the distribution and composition of SM species at microscopic level among different tissues of pork meat. Therefore, this method is useful to assess the SM species‐induced health effect of different tissues of pork meat.
Does intraperitoneal ropivacaine reduce postoperative inflammation? A prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot study
Authors: Hayden Jane , Gupta Anil , Thörn Sven‐Egron , Thulin Pontus , Block Linda , Oras Jonatan 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundPostoperative inflammation is a common consequence of surgery and the ensuing stress response. Local anesthetics have anti‐inflammatory properties. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate if LA administrated intraperitoneally perioperatively might inhibit expression of inflammatory cytokines.MethodsThis was a, randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled study (ClinicalTrial.gov reg no: NCT02256228) in patients undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer. Patients were randomized to receive: intraperitoneal ropivacaine (Group IPLA) or saline (Group P) perioperatively. Except for study drug, patients were treated similarly. At the end of surgery, a multi‐port catheter was inserted intraperitoneally, and ropivacaine 2 mg/mL or 0.9% saline, 10 mL was injected intermittently every other hour during 72 hours postoperatively. Systemic expression of cytokines and plasma ropivacaine were determined before and 6, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. Stress response was measured by serum glucose, cortisol, and insulin.ResultsForty patients were recruited, 20 in each group. There was no statistical significant difference in systemic cytokine between the groups at any time point. Serum cortisol was significantly lower in the IPLA group at 6 hours, median 103 nmol/L (IQR 53‐250) compared to placebo, median 440 nmol/L (IQR 115‐885), P = 0.023. Serum glucose and insulin were similar between the groups. Total and free serum concentrations of ropivacaine were well below toxic concentrations.ConclusionIn this small study, perioperative intraperitoneal ropivacaine did not reduce the systemic inflammatory response associated with major abdominal surgery. Total and free ropivacaine concentrations were below known toxic concentrations in humans.
Genetic polymorphisms and prediction of chronic post‐surgical pain after hysterectomy—a subgroup analysis of a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Hoofwijk Daisy M. N. , van Reij Roel R. I. , Rutten Bart P. F. , Kenis Gunter , Theunissen Maurice , Joosten Elbert A. , Buhre Wolfgang F. , van den Hoogen Nynke J. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundChronic post‐surgical pain (CPSP) is a serious problem. Clinical and psychological variables have not been able to explain all observed variance in prevalence and severity of CPSP. The first objective is to determine the association between genetic polymorphisms and the prevalence of CPSP after hysterectomy. The second objective is to analyze if the implementation of genetic polymorphisms into a previously performed clinical and psychological predictor analysis on the development of CPSP after hysterectomy will improve its discriminatory power.MethodsA prospective multicenter cohort study was performed in patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign indication. Clinical and psychological variables were collected by questionnaires in the week before surgery, post‐operatively up to day 4, 3 and 12 months after hysterectomy. Blood was collected and 16 polymorphisms previously suggested to be correlated to CPSP (COMT, GCH1, KCNS1, CACNG2, and OPRM1) were genotyped. Logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐five patients were available for the genetic analyses. The prevalence of CPSP 3 months post‐operatively was 10.5% and after 12 months 7.9%. The polymorphism rs4818 within the COMT gene was associated with the prevalence of CPSP after 3 months. No polymorphisms were associated with CPSP after 12 months. The addition of rs4818 to the prediction model did not change its discriminatory power significantly.ConclusionThe rs4818 polymorphism within the COMT gene was associated with the prevalence of CPSP 3 months after hysterectomy, but the implementation of rs4818 into the prediction model did not significantly improve the chance of identifying hysterectomy patients at risk for CPSP.
Hot Off the Press: SGEM #257—EMTALA: It's the Law of the Land
Authors: Heitz Corey , Morgenstern Justin , Bond Christopher , Milne William K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Office of the Inspector General has the authority to levy fines relating to violations of the Emergency Medicine Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) for both medical and psychiatric care. Terp et al. have described the incidence of violations and penalties levied for psychiatric cases and compared them to that for medical. This article reviews that article and the podcast recorded with Dr. Terp and the ensuing discussion in the podcast and online.
A comparison of uterine natural killer cell density in the peri‐implantation period between natural cycles and hormone replacement therapy cycles
Authors: Yang Wen‐Jui , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhao Yiwei , Cheung Wing Ching , Hsiao Shun‐Yu , Liu Yingyu , Law Tracy Sze Man , Chung Jacqueline Pui Wah , Li Tin Chiu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProblemA reference range for uterine natural killer (uNK) cell density in the peri‐implantation period has recently been established in natural cycles. However, it is uncertain whether the results can be applied to hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) cycles, used increasingly in frozen‐thaw embryo replacement cycles and which is known to be capable of supporting implantation.Method of StudyA total of 183 women from two IVF centers participated in this study, including 75 women in natural cycles and 108 women in HRT cycles. All endometrial biopsies were collected precisely on the putative day of embryo implantation, namely 7 days after LH surge (LH+7) of the natural cycles or 5 days after initiation of progesterone (P+5) of the HRT cycles. Endometrial sections were immunostained for CD56 for uNK cells. Cell counting was performed by a standardized protocol, and results were expressed as percentage of positive uNK cells/total stromal cells.ResultsThere was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in uNK cell density between natural cycles (median 2.28%, range 0.99%‐4.78%) and HRT cycles (median 2.55%, range 0.69%‐5.02%) in women undergoing IVF‐ET treatment on the putative day of blastocyst transfer. Using reference range from 1.2% to 4.5% for uNK cell density, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in high uNK cell density proportion between natural cycles (8%, 6/75) and HRT cycles (10.2%, 11/108).ConclusionThe results indicated that the reference range for uNK cell density derived from natural cycles may apply to HRT cycles.
Single‐cell technologies in reproductive immunology
Authors: Vazquez Jessica , Ong Irene M. , Stanic Aleksandar K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe maternal‐fetal interface represents a unique immune privileged site that maintains the ability to defend against pathogens while orchestrating the necessary tissue remodeling required for placentation. The recent discovery of novel cellular families (innate lymphoid cells, tissue‐resident NK cells) suggests that our understanding of the decidual immunome is incomplete. To understand this complex milieu, new technological developments allow reproductive immunologists to collect increasingly complex data at a cellular resolution. Polychromatic flow cytometry allows for greater resolution in the identification of novel cell types by surface and intracellular protein. Single‐cell RNA‐seq coupled with microfluidics allows for efficient cellular transcriptomics. The extreme dimensionality and size of data sets generated, however, requires the application of novel computational approaches for unbiased analysis. There are now multiple dimensionality reduction (tSNE, SPADE) and visualization tools (SPICE) that allow researchers to efficiently analyze flow cytometry data. Development of computational tools has also been extended to RNA‐seq data (including scRNA‐seq), which requires specific analytical tools. Here, we provide an overview and a brief primer for the reproductive immunology community on data acquisition and computational tools for the analysis of complex flow cytometry and RNA‐seq data.
Visual cognitive impairments in children at risk of prenatal alcohol exposure
Authors: Castillo Castejón Olimpia , González Inmaculada , Prieto Esther , Pérez Teresa , Pablo Luis E. , Pueyo Victoria 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the relationship between visoperception and anthropometric features related to prenatal alcohol exposure.MethodsWe compared two cohorts of infants aged between 5 and 18 years. Seventy‐nine children, adopted from Eastern Europe, were included in the study group. The control group was formed by age and gender matched children born in Spain. All children underwent a full ophthalmologic assessment and standardised testing of visual cognitive skills.ResultsAdoptees presented worse visual motor and visual perceptual outcomes in all skills compared with control subjects, with statistically significant difference in test of visual perceptual skills (TVPS) global centile (50.3 vs 66.8; P = 0.001), spatial relationships (64.6 vs 81.9; P = 0.004) and visual figure–ground (52.1 vs 74.1; P = 0.002) tasks. Face recognition was as well significantly worse in adopted children (42.4 vs 57.1; P = 0.009). Twenty‐one adopted children (26.6%) had sentinel finding for foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Main facial features related to FASD correlated with visual cognitive outcomes. Of the adopted children, those diagnosed of FASD showed incrementally worse visual perceptual and visual motor outcomes (TVPS global centile = 36.86, P = 0.001; TVAS = 10.38, P = 0.002).ConclusionChildren adopted from eastern Europe are at increased risk of visual perceptual disabilities, especially those with sentinel findings of foetal alcohol syndrome disorders.
Rapid face processing for positive and negative emotions in 5‐, 7‐, and 12‐month‐old infants: An exploratory study
Authors: Miguel Helga O. , McCormick Sarah A. , Westerlund Alissa , Nelson Charles A. 
Published: June 2019

Processing of positive and negative facial expressions in infancy follows a distinct course with a bias towards fearful facial expressions starting at 7 months of age; however, little is known about the developmental trajectory of fear processing and other facial expressions, and if this bias is driven by specific regions of the face. This study used eye tracking to examine the processing of positive and negative emotional faces in independent groups of 5‐ (n = 43), 7‐ (n = 60), and 12‐month‐old infants (n = 70). Methods: Infants were shown static images of female faces exhibiting happy, anger, and fear expressions, for one‐second each. Total looking time and looking time for areas of interest (AOIs) including forehead and eyes (top), mouth and chin (bottom), and contour of each image were computed. Infants across all ages looked longer to fear faces than angry or happy faces. Negative emotions generally elicited greater looking times for the top of the face than did happy faces. In addition, we also found that at 12 months of age infants looked longer for the bottom of the faces than did 5‐month‐olds. Our study suggests that the visual bias to attend longer to fearful faces may be in place by 5 months of age, and between 5 and 12 months of age, there seems to be a developmental shift towards looking more to the bottom of the faces.Statement of contribution

What is already known in this subject?

Bias for fear face processing is present at 7 months of age.

Using older data collection systems, we have some idea about which facial features recruit infant attention.

What the present study adds?

Well‐controlled paradigm that examines both positive and negative facial expressions, to different areas of interest in the face.

Use of the same paradigm to test a cross‐sectional sample of infants in distinct developmental stages – 5, 7, and 12 months.