bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valuation Schools and the Evolution of the Income Approach. An Evaluation of Change Trends
Authors: Kucharska-Stasiak Ewa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The income approach is the subject of debates conducted by academics and practitioners as one of the most controversial approaches in valuation practice. It is also somewhat differently understood by the three historically shaped valuation schools (US, British and German). This article compares the main assumptions underpinning the income approach’s investment method between the three schools in order to: 1) determine why the assumptions change and in what direction; 2) assess the advantages and disadvantages of explicit cash flows; and 3) evaluate the advisability of incorporating explicit cash flows into Polish valuation methodology. A thesis is formulated that, in Poland, the investment method should use implicit cash flows for estimating the market value of properties. There is a need to include explicit cash flow in university programs, but their use should be limited to valuations undertaken to determine the investment value of a property or the market value of portfolio properties, as well as valuations carried out for the purposes of financial reporting as required by EU legislation (MSSF 13 and MSR 40).
The article was prepared based on the review and analysis of the relevant literature.
The role of spleen stiffness using ARFI in predicting esophageal varices in patients with Hepatitis B and C virus-related cirrhosis
Authors: Peagu Răzvan , Săraru Roxana , Necula Ana , Moldoveanu Alexandru , Petrişor Ana , Fierbinţeanu-Braticevici Carmen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction. Current guidelines recommend that all patients with cirrhosis undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) screening for esophageal varices (EV). Unfortunately, UGE has a lot of disadvantages, consequently various non-invasive methods of diagnosing EV have been proposed. We evaluated if spleen stiffness (SS) measured by Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) is a viable technique in diagnosing EV.

Methods. We recruited 178 patients with cirrhosis caused by Hepatitis B and C who underwent biochemical tests, abdominal ultrasound, UGE, LS and SS measurements using ARFI elastography. Based on the endoscopic results the patients were divided in 3 groups: without EV, with small EV (<5 mm) and with large EV (>5 mm).

Results. ARFI SS was the only non-invasive parameter associated with the presence of EV (2.7±0.30 vs. 3.4±0.52, p<0.001) and large EV (2.91±0.36 vs. 3.86±0.37, p=0.001) after multivariate logistic regression (p<0.001). ARFI SS for predicting EV showed an AUROC of 0.872 (CI 95%: 0.799–0.944), for a cut-off value of 2.89 m/s: Sensitivity (Se) 91.4% (CI 95%: 81–97%), Specificity (Sp) 67.7% (CI 95%: 51–85%). ARFI SS for diagnosing large EV (>5mm) had better results with an AUROC 0.969 (CI 95%:0.935–0.99), and for a cut-off of 3.30 m/s: Se 96.4% (CI 95%: 82–99.9%), Sp 88.5% (CI 95%: 78–95%).

Conclusions. SS measured using ARFI is a good method of detecting EV and is an excellent method of diagnosing large EV in patients with virus-related cirrhosis.
Impact of long-term liming on sandy soil phosphorus sorption properties
Authors: Szara Ewa , Sosulski Tomasz , Szymańska Magdalena 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The static fertilisation experiment conducted in Skierniewice (Central Poland) since 1923 investigates the effect of mineral fertilisation with lime (CaNPK) or without lime (NPK) on the accumulation and release of phosphorus in reference to phosphorus sorption properties in the sandy soil profile. In the case of application of same doses of mineral fertilisers, the content of total phosphorus was higher in NPK than CaNPK soil. Parameters related to sorption capacity and bonding energy from Langmuir and Freundlich model of P sorption were significantly lower in CaNPK than NPK soil profile. This was particularly caused by a lower content of poorly crystallised hydro(oxide) aluminium and iron forms in CaNPK than NPK soil. Higher content of oxide-extractable and bioavailable phosphorus extracted with double lactate solution, dissolved reactive phosphorus in water solution as well as degree of phosphorus saturation in the CaNPK soil profile suggests higher mobility and possibility of occurrence of losses of phosphorus from the profile of limed soil than from acidified soil. Therefore, management of phosphate fertilizers on permanently limed sandy soils requires the optimisation of phosphorus doses to a greater degree corresponding to the actual take-off of the element with crop. An additional finding of the study was evidence of the possibility of re-estimating contents of bioavailable phosphorus and, as a consequence, the degree of phosphorus saturation with Mehlich3 method in strongly acid soil receiving P mineral fertilisers, which can make it difficult to use the test for fertiliser recommendation.
Effect of long-term organic and mineral fertilisation on selected physico-chemical soil properties in rye monoculture and five-year crop rotation
Authors: Stępień Wojciech , Kobiałka Monika 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The research was carried out continuously since 1923 in a permanent fertilisation experiment at the Experimental Station of SGGW in Skierniewice. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of long-term fertilisation (Ca, CaNPK, NPK) and crop rotation systems (rye monoculture without fertilisation with manure and five-field rotation with legume crop and manure fertilisation) on selected physical and chemical soil properties. Long-term fertilisation caused various degrees of change in many physio-chemical properties in three soil horizons (Ap, Eet, Bt): pH in KCl, cation exchange capacity, total exchangeable bases, base saturation, content of carbon, nitrogen and mineral forms of nitrogen (NO3, NH4) as well as the carbon-nitrogen ratio. The combined manure and mineral fertilisation increased the sorption capacity, total exchangeable bases, base cation saturation and total content of C and N in comparison to organic or mineral fertilisation. As a result of lime application, an increase in these parameters was determined with the exception of total contents of carbon and nitrogen, showing no differences or a decrease. A positive effect was confirmed in five-field crop rotation, which improves physicochemical soil properties in comparison to cereal monoculture. The C:N ratio narrows down with growing depth because more nitrogen than carbon migrates down the soil profile.
Influence of fire on selected physico-chemical properties of forest soil
Authors: Majder-łopatka Małgorzata , Szulc Wiesław , Rutkowska Beata , Ptasiński Dominik , Kazberuk Witold 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of the research was to determine whether, and to what extent, a surface fire of forest areas determines changes in physical and chemical properties of the soil. The test material consisted of soil samples taken from soil profiles exposed in a burnt-out area and in an area unaffected by fire. The samples were analyzed for total organic carbon and total nitrogen contents, and also selected indicators of soil acidification. As a result of the tests, it was found that there was a decrease in the levels of organic carbon (by over 75%) and nitrogen (by 50%). A negative effect of the changes was the narrowing of the C/N ratio, a positive one – an increase in soil pH (from 3.14 to 4.67), and a several-times reduction in hydrolytic and exchangeable acidity.
Potential of VIS-NIR spectroscopy to characterize and discriminate topsoils of different soil types in the Triffa plain (Morocco)
Authors: Lazaar Ayoub , Mahyou Hamid , Gholizadeh Asa , Elhammouti Kamal , Bilal Muhammad , Andich Karim , Roger Jean Michel , Monir Abdelilah , Kouotou Daouda 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study aims to identify the influence of soil organic matter (OM) content and calcium carbonates (CaCO3) on soil reflectance and select the optimum spectral bands for discriminating between topsoils of different soil types situated in the irrigated perimeter of the Triffa plain (Morocco) using VIS-NIR reflectance spectroscopy. Soil samples were collected from the plow layer in 26 sampling sites. The spectral measurements were conducted in the field using an ASD Fieldspec portable spectroradiometer (350–2500 nm), while the soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory. The spectral data were pre-processed to remove the noise effects and then analyzed with the CovSel (selected covariance) method, validated by linear discriminant analysis in order to select the most optimal spectral variables to discriminate between topsoils of different soil types in the plain. The results of the soils reflectance curves showed that low reflectance intensity marked the soils with high OM contents throughout the VIS spectrum. The influence of the soil OM content was very apparent in the VIS range (between 580–750 nm). Regarding the CaCO3 content, it was noted that the soil samples with a high percentage of CaCO3 increase the reflectance in all spectral domains situated between 350 and 2500 nm. The spectral bands of 1999, 686, 1280, 2340 and 1951 nm were the most optimal for the soil discrimination in the Triffa plain. This study concluded that the VIS-NIR spectroscopy demonstrates an excellent ability to characterize and discriminate between topsoils in the Triffa plain.
Pre-closure laryngeal properties as cues to the fortis–lenis plosive contrast in British varieties of English
Authors: Hejná Míša , Kimper Wendell 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present study contributes to our understanding of the phonetic implementation of the fortis–lenis plosive contrast in British varieties of English via analyses of pre-aspiration and glottalisation. More specifically, we show that pre-aspiration and (pre-) glottalisation can and do function as correlates of the contrast in British English plosives in non-foot-initial position (lattervsladder;matvsmad). This is in addition to rather than at the expense of the other traditionally discussed potential correlates, with the exception of word-final release duration, where the pre-closure laryngeal phenomena are more robust. We also provide evidence that listeners of a range of accents of British English use pre-aspiration as a cue to the contrast, exhibiting clear categorical perception effects (based on data from 19 listeners). We conclude that the gesture of spread glottis is not necessarily tied to the release phase of the plosive in the relevant varieties of British English but instead can be found prior to the release phase, or indeed both prior to as well as during the release phase itself. Our study thus contributes to the pool of languages known to use pre-closure laryngeal features functioning as correlates of and cues to phonological contrasts (see e.g. Clayton 2009; Kingston 1990; Silverman 1995).
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI ADOPSI INOVASI SISTEM TANAM JAJAR LEGOWO 2 : 1 DI SUBAK PENYARINGAN, KECAMATAN MENDOYO, KABUPATEN JEMBRANA
Authors: Dera Setiawan I Gede Bagus , Sri Astiti Ni Wayan 
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan petani terhadap motivasi petani, motivasi dan kesempatan petani untuk melakukan industrialisasi terhadap adopsi inovasi dengan menggunakan sistem tanam Jajar Legowo 2 : 1 di Kecamatan Subak Penyaringan, Kecamatan Mendoyo, Kabupaten Jembrana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 50 anggota petani Subak Penyaringan dengan purposive diambil sesuai dengan yang sudah diketahui namun tidak menggunakan sistem tanam Jajar Legowo 2 : 1. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial (Sem PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan petani berpengaruh positif dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap motivasi petani. Motivasi petani berpengaruh positif dan sangat berpengaruh terhadap tingkat adopsi inovasi dengan menggunakan sistem tanam Jajar Legowo 2 : 1. Pengaruh pengaruh industialis secara positif dan berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap adopsi tingkat inovasi dengan menggunakan sistem tanam Jajar Legowo 2 : 1. Saran yang bisa penulis berikan adalah pemerintah daerah dan jalurnya harus memberi alat tanam untuk sistem tanam Legowo baris, subsidi frtilizer, dan benih bersertifikat secara merata kepada semua Subak di Kabupaten Jembrana, memberikan lebih banyak bimbingan teknis dan praktik (demonstrasi) dan selalu mentoring saat musim tanam sudah dimulai.

Kata kunci: Motivasi petani, pengetahuan petani, kesempatan untuk industrialis, dan tingkat adopsi inovasi menggunakan sistem tanam Jajar Legowo 2: 1
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONVERSI LAHAN PERTANIAN DAN HUBUNGANNYA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI SUBAK SAIH DI KECAMATAN KUTA UTARA, KABUPATEN BADUNG
Authors: ANDIKA KADEK DWI , Windia Wayan , Suamba Ketut 
Published: July 2019

Konversi lahan pertanian menjadi salah satu dari banyak polemik yang dihadapi pertanian di Bali. Meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk dan menurunnya output pertanian berimplikasi pada konversi lahan semakin tak terbendung. Menghadapi permasalahan tersebut, penelitian tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konversi lahan pertanian dan hubungannya dengan kesejahteraan petani dilakukan untuk mendapatkan solusi terhadap fenomena tersebut. Rangkaian metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan sampel yang diambil secara proportional random sampling sebanyak 125 responden. Analisis data menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik dilakukan melalui program SemPLS. Temuan yang diperoleh adalah: 1) konversi lahan di Saih Subak secara positif dipengaruhi oleh: faktor pertumbuhan kota, ekonomi, sosial, teknologi, aksesibilitas, risiko dan ketidakpastian dan tanah sebagai asset; 2) konversi lahan pertanian dan hubungannya dengan kesejahteraan petani menunjukkan hubungan yang positif dan signifikan melalui aksesibilitas, ekonomi, lahan sebagai aset, pertumbuhan perkotaan, teknologi pertanian, risiko dan ketidakpastian, dan sosial dengan kesejahteraan petani. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, pemerintah dan Subak Saih harus mengendalikan laju konversi lahan yang terjadi. Perluasan dan intensifikasi pertanian perlu dilakukan untuk memperbaiki hasil pertanian, memperkuat peraturan pemerintah, memperbaiki pengelolaan pertanian dan asuransi pertanian sehingga petani dapat meminimalkan kerugian akibat bencana alam. Untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani, teknologi dan pengembangan pengelolaan agribisnis sangat dibutuhkan agar pemanfaatan lahan dapat dikendalikan dan kesejahteraan dapat dicapai melalui kegiatan sektor pertanian.

Kata kunci: konversi, kesejahteraan, Subak
PENGARUH KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN TERHADAP PERILAKU PETANI PADA PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PTT DAN PRODUKTIVITAS PADI DI KABUPATEN BULELENG
Authors: - Putu Sugiarta , Ambarawati I GAA , Adi Putra I Gede Setiawan 
Published: July 2019

Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (ICM) adalah paket teknologi penanaman padi di lokasi tertentu, yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi dan produktivitas beras. Keberhasilan penerapan teknologi ICM oleh petani tidak lepas dari peran penyuluh. Hal itu dapat dilihat dari perilaku petani (pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan) terhadap penerapan teknologi ICM yang berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas beras. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui kinerja penyuluhan pertanian, (2) mengetahui pengaruh faktor penyuluhan pertanian terhadap kinerjanya, (3) mengetahui pengaruh kinerja penyuluhan pertanian terhadap perilaku petani. dan (4) dampak perilaku petani terhadap produktivitas padi di Kabupaten Buleleng. Penelitian ini menggunakan explanatory research design. Total responden 156 orang terdiri dari penyuluhan pertanian dan petani padi dan ditentukan oleh dua teknik, yaitu purposive sampling untuk sampel penyuluhan (39 orang) dan teknik simple random sampling untuk sampel petani (117 orang). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial (SEM-PLS). Studi ini menemukan bahwa (1) kinerja penyuluhan pertanian di Buleleng termasuk dalam kategori baik, (2) faktor penyuluhan pertanian berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja penyuluhan pertanian, (3) kinerja penyuluhan pertanian memiliki tingkat kepentingan positif dan tinggi secara signifikan terhadap perilaku petani dalam penerapan teknologi padi ICM dan (4) perilaku petani berpengaruh positif dan sangat signifikan terhadap produktivitas padi di Buleleng. Saran bagi pemerintah adalah untuk meningkatkan peran penyuluhan pertanian melalui mentoring petani dalam penerapan paket teknologi ICM dengan memilih metode dan teknik serta media yang tepat sesuai target dalam penyebaran teknologi. Pemerintah juga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan sarana, prasarana dan teknologi informasi untuk mendukung kegiatan penyuluhan.

Kata kunci: pengelolaan tanaman terpadu, penyuluhan pertanian, kinerja, produktivitas padi.
Alternative Treatments for Minor GI Ailments
Authors: Mohiuddin AK 
Published: July 2019

About 80% of the population worldwide use a variety of traditional medicine, including herbal medicines, for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of illnesses, and for the improvement of general well-being. Total consumer spending on herbal dietary supplements in the United States reached an estimated $8.085 billion in 2017. In addition, the 8.5% increase in total sales from 2016 is the strongest growth for these products in more than 15 years. The main reason to use herbal products in these countries is the assumption of a better tolerability compared to synthetic drugs. Whereas in developing countries herbal medicines are mostly the only available and affordable treatment option. Surveys from industrialized countries reveal as main health areas in which herbal products are used for upper airway diseases including cough and common cold; other leading causes are gastrointestinal, nervous and urinary complaints up to painful conditions such as rheumatic diseases, joint pain and stiffness. Gastrointestinal disorders are the most widespread problems in health care. Many factors may upset the GI tract and its motility (or ability to keep moving), including: eating a diet low in fiber; lack of motion or sedentary lifestyle; frequent traveling or changes in daily routine; having excessive dairy products; anxiety and depression; resisting the urge to have a bowel movement habitually or due to pain of hemorrhoids; misuse of laxatives (stool softeners) that, over time, weaken the bowel muscles; calcium or aluminum antacids, antidepressants, iron pills, narcotics; pregnancy. About 30% to 40% of adults claim to have frequent indigestion, and over 50 million visits are made annually to ambulatory care facilities for symptoms related to the digestive system. Over ten million endoscopies and surgical procedures involving the GI tract are performed each year. Community-based studies from around the world demonstrate that 10% to 46% of all children meet the criteria for RAP. Gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic or acute diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain, and inflammatory bowel diseases can indicate immune deficiency, present in 5% to 50% of patients with primary immunodeficiencies. The gastrointestinal tract is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, so it is not surprising that intestinal diseases are common among immunodeficient patients. Gastroenterologists therefore must be able to diagnose and treat patients with primary immunodeficiency. Further, pathogens do influence the gut function. On the other hand, dietary habits and specific food types can play a significant role in the onset, treatment, and prevention of many GI disorders. Many of these can be prevented or minimized by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and practicing good bowel habits.

Article Type: Review
Sugammadex compared with Neostigmine/Glycopyrrolate: An Analysis of Total PACU Time, Responsiveness, and Potential for Economic Impact
Authors: Money Kayla Leigh , Lee Yoon Jung , Elliott Amber 
Published: July 2019

Studies have previously shown sugammadex works faster and more effectively than neostigmine/glycopyrrolate at reversal of neuromuscular blockade by rocuronium and vecuronium. The purpose of this quality improvement study was to evaluate for differences in patient time spent in the operating room (OR), post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), and patient responsiveness between the sugammadex and neostigmine/glycopyrrolate groups at a small surgical center. Additionally, a cost analysis was conducted to assess potential savings associated with sugammadex use, taking into account the differences in OR time, PACU time, and medication acquisition cost. We conducted a prospective analysis of OR time, PACU time, and responsiveness for a total of 152 patients, 76 patients receiving neostigmine/glycopyrrolate and 76 patients receiving sugammadex, undergoing planned surgery over an 8-week period. We identified an average decrease in total OR time of 6 minutes in the sugammadex group (neostigmine/glycopyrrolate [Mean: 86 min, Median: 77 min, Range 32-211 min] vs sugammadex [Mean: 80 min, Median: 77 min, Range 40-150 min]). Furthermore, there was an average decrease in total PACU time of 6 minutes in the sugammadex group (neostigmine/glycopyrrolate [Mean: 60 min, Median: 56 min, Range 32-154 min] vs sugammadex [Mean: 54 min, Median: 51 min, Range: 28-94 min]). Additionally, the percent of patients fully awake at the end of PACU stay was higher in the sugammadex group than the neostigmine/glycopyrrolate group (86% vs 79% respectively). Cost was evaluated for generating hypotheses. The additional cost of using sugammadex was estimated at $77 per person when compared to neostigmine/glycopyrrolate. However, if the use of sugammadex decreased the time in OR and PACU by an average of 12 minutes per patient, it is possible that it could provide a potential savings of $579 per patient after estimating a soft savings of reduced OR, PACU, and staff time. Overall cost saving per patient with sugammadex, which was calculated after subtracting additional medication acquisition cost, is $502. It is possible that if this value is extrapolated to 988 patients, this might suggest a potential cost savings of $495,976 per year. We hope this study provokes future research to determine if Sugammadex is a potentially viable economical option for the routine reversal of neuromuscular blockade.

Article Type: Original Research
Vial-to-Pen: Community Pharmacists Converting Insulin Regimens
Authors: Hannings Ashley , Michaels Natasha , Hiller Debbie , Marciniak Macary W , Ferreri Stefanie 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To describe a vial-to-pen conversion program driven by community-based pharmacists and determine conversion success rate.
Methods: A report based on prescription claims was generated and identified 200 prescriptions filled for an insulin vial product and syringes. Patients were contacted by community-based pharmacists during a five-month period and were informed of the availability and potential benefits of insulin pen delivery systems (IPDS). If the patient agreed to the switch, the pharmacist contacted the prescriber to obtain a new prescription. Prescription refill records were tracked for six months post-intervention to determine whether patients who were converted remained on the IPDS.
Results: The overall vial-to-pen conversion success rate was 26% out of 121 potential conversions. In addition, 52% of patients reached were willing to switch and prescribers approved 71% of the recommendations to switch from vial-to-pen. Of the prescriptions successfully converted to an IPDS, 84% of prescriptions were still dispensed as pen products six months following the conversion.
Conclusion: Community-based pharmacists can serve as a resource to provide education on insulin delivery options and increase use of IPDS in patients with diabetes.
Treatment of Human Subjects: IRB review/approval required and obtained

Article Type: Original Research