bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interchangeability of Fluconazole Drugs
Authors: Bunyatyan N. D. , Sysuev B. B. , Sokova E. A. , Evteev V. A. 
Published: December 2018

Fluconazole – an antifungal agent belonging to the chemical class of triazole derivatives – is represented in the Russian pharmaceutical market by a large number of generic drugs. An important issue of rational pharmacotherapy is the demonstration of the reference and generic drugs’ equivalence with the aim of assessing their interchangeability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse fluconazole drug dosage forms and routes of administration, as well as qualitative and quantitative composition of active substances and excipients in order to identify characteristics that may affect interchangeability. The analysis of the nomenclature and composition of fluconazole drugs was carried out based on the data contained in the National Register of Medicinal Products of the Russian Federation and the Reference Book of Medicines®. It was shown that the current nomenclature of fluconazole drugs includes the following types of products: for parenteral use, internal use, and topical use. The generic fluconazole drugs in the form of capsules differ from the reference Diflucan® in excipients, shelf life, and packaging. The fluconazole substance has a number of specific features, i.e. the presence of polymorphic modifications, their specific characteristics, and the influence of the process parameters and storage on their stability. It was revealed that in many cases the production of fluconazole capsules involved the use of substances purchased from two or more suppliers, which may lead to changes in quality and bioavailability during storage. The obtained data can be used in the future for optimisation of pharmaceutical development and evaluation of interchangeability of fluconazole drugs.
Comparative Evaluation of Assay Methods Used to Determine Anthracene Derivatives in Herbal Substances and Herbal Medicinal Products
Authors: Antonova N. P. , Morgunov I. M. , Prokhvatilova S. S. , Shefer E. P. , Kalinin A. M. 
Published: December 2018

The use of assay methods with different test conditions for determination of anthracene derivatives in herbal substances and herbal medicinal products requires adjustment of the established limits for total anthracene derivatives content based on the test method used.The aimof the study was to compare different pharmacopoeial methods of quantitative determination of anthracene derivatives, and established limits for the active substance content, and to analyse the possibility of adjusting the limits based on the test method used.Materials and methods: the total content of anthracene derivatives was measured in the samples of frangula bark (fragmented bark and powder) and senna leaves (fragmented leaves and powder) using the test methods described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (XI and XIII editions), and the European Pharmacopoeia.Results:the analysis of Russian and foreign pharmacopoeial requirements for determination of anthracene derivatives in laxative herbal medicinal products demonstrated differences in extraction solvents, extraction conditions, and calculation methods used. The experiments showed that the optimal extraction solvent was 70 % alcohol solutions, and that an indirect cobaltic chloride reference standard should be replaced by specific absorbance of glucofrangulin A and sennoside B. It was shown that the limits for total anthracene derivatives content should be chosen based on the extraction conditions used.Conclusions:comparative theoretical research and experimental studies helped to determine optimal assay conditions and respective limits for total anthracene derivatives content to be used in quality control of herbal substances and herbal medicinal products.
The resort myth in Chekhov’s Crimean prose
Authors: Lisitsyna E. Yu. 
Published: December 2018

The article focuses on the traces of the Crimean resort myth in Chekhov’s works produced before 1888, when he first travelled to Crimea: Live Goods [Zhivoy tovar], A Tripping Tongue [Dlinniy yazyk], Excellent People [Khoroshie lyudi], An Actor’s End [Aktyorskaya gibel], and On March. On April. On May. On June and July. On August [O marte. Ob aprele. O maye. Ob iyune i iyule. Ob avguste]. The resort myth emerges in the late 1800s, and mainly through Chekhov’s works. This agrees with the findings of the scholars M. Stroganov and S. Kurianov, who argue that holidaying in Crimea is in fact Chekhov’s ‘gift’ to Russian intelligentsia, with the writer promoting the resort. Analysis of Chekhov’s earlier short stories in particular suggests that even before his visit to the peninsula, Chekhov relied on the Crimean mythologemes of the expensive holiday, expensive resort, and Crimean landscape. Chekhov also depicts Crimea as a place of solitude, as opposed to the hustle and bustle of the metropolis.The article infers the basis for such assumptions: they were largely instigated by the writer’s conversations with the painter I. Levitan, who enthused about the place after his own trip there, as well as the latter’s numerous studies. The article also traces the changes in Chekhov’s perception of Crimea, citing his letters written before and after his first trip to the peninsula.
Macroseismic Field Anisotropy of the ML 4.7 Earthquake of 18 October 2015 in Central Urals, Russia
Authors: Dyagilev Ruslan A. , Guseva Natalia S. , Verkholantsev Filipp G. 
Published: December 2018

Ruslan A. Dyagilev, Natalia S. Guseva, Filipp G. Verkholantsev report on macroseismic field anisotropy of a rare ML 4.7 tectonic event in the Ural Mountains on 18 October 2015. This publication is an English adaption of an article that was first published in Russian in the Russian Geophysics Journal (2016, Vol. 5, pp. 42–46).
Adoption of Chain of Custody Improves Digital Forensic Investigation Process
Authors: Jawad Talib Mohammed 
Published: December 2018

Chain of custody plays an important role in determine integrity of digital evidence, because the chain of custody works on a proof that evidence has not been altered or changed through all phases, and must include documentation on how evidence is gathered, transported, analyzed and presented.
The aims of this work is first to find out how the chain of custody has been applied to a wide range of models of the digital forensic investigation process for more than ten years. Second, a review of the methods on digitally signing an evidence that achieves the successful implementation of chain of custody through answering a few questions "who, when, where, why, what and how", and thus providing digital evidence to be accepted by the court. Based on the defined aims an experimental environment is being setup to outline practically an acceptable method in chain of custody procedure. Therefore, we have adopted SHA512 for hashing and regarding encryption RSA and GnuGP is applied where according to the defined requirement a combination of this algorithms could be adopted as a practical method.
العلاقة بين التسويق الداخلي وجودة الخدمة/ دراسة أستطلاعية لعينة من الزبائن والعاملين في المصارف التجارية العراقية
Authors: بدراوي عبد الرضا فرج , موسى رافت عواد 
Published: December 2018

المستخلص
سلط البحث الضوء على احد الانشطة الرئيسة والمهمة لادارة التسويق في المصارف التجارية والمتمثلة بالتسويق الداخلي وتحديد علاقته بجودة الخدمة الهادفة الى أشباع حاجات ورغبات الزبائن وصولاً الى سعادتهم ومن ثم تحقيق الاهداف العامة لهذه المصارف، واشتمل مجتمع الدراسة على مصرفين حكوميين وخمسة مصارف أهلية في البصرة وفيها جرى استطلاع رأي عينة مكونة من العاملين بعدد (184) والزبائن بعدد (158) زبونا، وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها ترابط العلاقة ما بين انشطة التسويق الداخلي في المصارف المبحوثة وجودة الخدمة المصرفية بمؤشراتها، وان المصارف الاهلية تولي اهتماماً اكبر بنشاط التسويق الداخلي مقارنة بالمصارف الحكومية، وتقدم البحث بجملة من التوصيات من اهمها ضرورة الاهتمام الكافي برضا العاملين في المصارف الحكومية وتحفيزهم واتاحة الفرص لتدريبهم ومساعدتهم في معالجة مشكلات العمل التي تواجههم، وتهيئة ظروف مناسبة لهم في العمل ، وبالتنسيق مع الوظائف الاخرى على ان يكون هذا بسياقات واجراءات مدونة لفلسفة التسويق الداخلي كمنهج في عملها.
Caracterí­sticas antropométricas de mulheres praticantes do método Pilates em duas cidades gaúchas
Authors: Haas Aline Nogueira , Júnior Orlando Bulso , Bittencourt Débora 
Published: December 2018

Introdução: Ainda que o Método Pilates (MP) tenha se desenvolvido muito nos últimos dez anos, publicações e evidências cientí­ficas sobre os seus efeitos na composição corporal, IMC e perfil antropométrico são escassos. Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar as medidas antropométricas, IMC e composição corporal de mulheres praticantes do MP. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 50 mulheres, das cidades gaúchas de Osório e Canoas, praticantes do MP há pelo menos seis meses, idade entre 20 e 55 anos. Os dados foram coletados de maio a julho de 2015, em três estúdios de Pilates. Foram mensuradas 48 medidas corporais e realizada comparação entre os dois grupos. Os participantes desse estudo praticam o MP contemporâneo, duas vezes por semana, uma hora em média, em aparelhos e solo. Resultados: Quando avaliadas as medidas de dobras cutâneas, perí­metros, circunferências, diâmetros, comprimentos e IMC, não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos estudados. Contudo, a média do IMC mostrou-se bastante próxima í faixa do sobrepeso. Quanto í quantificação dentro dos í­ndices de referência para a gordura corporal em indiví­duos do sexo feminino, 56% da amostra estava acima da média. Conclusão: As caracterí­sticas antropométricas, IMC e composição corporal das participantes são muito semelhantes. Ainda que, a prática do MP seja regular, a média do IMC próxima a faixa de sobrepeso é preocupante.Palavras-chave: antropometria, composição corporal, í­ndice de massa corporal, exercí­cio.
Discovery of H2O, CH3OH, and OH Masers in the Extreme Outer Galaxy
Authors: Sun Yan , Xu Ye , Chen Xi , Fang Min , Henkel Christian , Yang Ji , Menten Karl M. , Chen Xue-Peng , Jiang Zhi-Bo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present the results of a single dish interstellar maser survey toward ∼200 molecular clouds (MCs) in the extreme outer Galaxy (EOG) possibly lying in the Outer Scutum-Centaurus (OSC) arm. The observations resulted in the detections of two new 22.2 GHz water masers, two new 6.7 GHz class II methanol masers, and one new 4765 MHz excited-state OH maser. These new detections include one high Galactic latitude (b > 2°) methanol maser, one farthest Galactic methanol maser, and one farthest Galactic OH maser from the Sun. The velocities of the masers and the CO emission are in agreement with each other, which strongly indicates an association between the maser and the EOG cloud. The presence of the masers provides reliable evidence for ongoing massive star-forming activity in the OSC arm. The EOG clouds with detected interstellar masers are all associated with young stellar objects. Masers are primarily detected toward the brighter and more massive MCs. Because of the large distances involved, the “faint” masers with luminosity below 10−6 L
☉ are not accessible by our current observations. The low number of masers in the EOG regions supports the scenario of decreasing metallicity and decreasing star formation rate/efficiency at large Galactocentric radii. Our new maser detections are valuable targets for future VLBI parallax and proper motion measurements.
Gaia 17bpi: An FU Ori–type Outburst
Authors: Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Peña Carlos Contreras , Morrell Sam , Naylor Tim , Kuhn Michael A. , Cutri Roc M. , Rebull Luisa M. , Hodgkin Simon , Froebrich Dirk , Mainzer Amy K. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We report on the source Gaia 17bpi and identify it as a new, ongoing FU Ori–type outburst, associated with a young stellar object. The optical light curve from Gaia exhibited a 3.5 mag rise with the source appearing to plateau in mid-/late 2018. Mid-infrared observations from NEOWISE also show a >3 mag rise that occurred in two stages, with the second one coincident with the optical brightening, and the first one preceding the optical brightening by ∼1.5 yr. We model the outburst as having started between October and December of 2014. This wavelength-dependent aspect of young star accretion-driven outbursts has never been documented before. Both the mid-infrared and the optical colors of the object become bluer as the outburst proceeds. Optical spectroscopic characteristics in the outburst phase include: a GK-type absorption spectrum, strong wind/outflow in, e.g., Mgb, NaD, Hα, K i, O i, and Ca ii profiles, and detection of Li i 6707 Å. The infrared spectrum in the outburst phase is similar to that of an M-type spectrum, notably exhibiting prominent H2O and 12CO (2–0) bandhead absorption in the K band, and likely He i wind in the Y band. The new FU Ori source Gaia 17bpi is associated with a little-studied dark cloud in the galactic plane, located at a distance of 1.27 kpc.
Chandra Detection of the Circumnuclear Molecular Torus of the Compton-thick Active Galactic Nucleus in NGC 5643
Authors: Fabbiano G. , Paggi A. , Siemiginowska A. , Elvis M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We report a clumpy elongated feature found with deep Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer high-resolution imaging of the Fe Kα line emission in the nuclear region of the Compton-thick active galactic nucleus galaxy NGC 5643. This feature extends for ∼65 pc north to south (N-S). No corresponding feature is seen in the 3.0–6.0 keV continuum. The Fe Kα feature is spatially consistent with the N-S elongation found in the CO(2–1) high-resolution imaging with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, but slightly more extended than the rotating molecular disk of diameter 26 pc indicated by the kinematics of the CO(2–1) line. The Chandra detection of a corresponding north to south structure in the neutral Fe Kα line would argue for both CO and Fe Kα emission originating from the obscuring torus.
Tenofovir plus Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin Treatment Resulted in a Rapid HBV DNA Load Decline in High-Risk Pregnant Women who Missed the Optimal Time Window of Antiviral Prophylaxis
Authors: Chen Tianyan , Liu Jinfeng , Yu Qiang , Yao Naijuan , Yang Yuan , Wu Yuchao , Ren Danfeng , Tian Zhen , Zhao Yingren , Wang Jing 
Published: December 2018

Background Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) administration in the third trimester for pregnant women with high HBV DNA load has been accepted as a wise practice to prevent mother-to-infant transmission (MTIT). However, for those women who missed the optimal time window of antiviral prophylaxis, this treatment is lacking in the current clinical guidelines. Methods Forty-eight pregnant women who did not receive antiviral prophylaxis before 28 weeks of gestation were screened and were administrated with TDF plus hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG; TDF+HBIG group) or TDF alone (TDF group). HBV DNA inhibition and the safety profile were compared between two groups. Results A decline of HBV DNA load was observed in both groups after a short period of treatment, and no infant had MTIT. However, compared with the TDF group, the speed of HBV DNA load decline was more rapid ( P=0.002) and a much more striking HBV DNA load decline in the first 4 weeks of treatment was exhibited in the TDF+HBIG group ( P=0.001). The percentages of mothers with HBV DNA <4 log10 IU/ml and 3 log10 IU/ml at delivery were both much higher in the TDF+HBIG group than the TDF group ( P=0.034 and 0.024, respectively). TDF and HBIG were found to be well-tolerated with no safety concerns in the mothers and their infants. Conclusions TDF plus HBIG treatment resulted in a rapid HBV DNA load decline in high-risk women who missed the optimal time window of antiviral prophylaxis in pregnancy, which potentially protected infants from HBV infection.
Une exception ordinaire : les magistrats et les juridictions d’exception de Vichy
Authors: Bancaud Alain 
Published: December 2018

Le recours aux juridictions d’exception par le régime de Vichy se situe dans une tradition française de la justice politique initiée par les régimes autoritaires. La magistrature oscille entre la répression de la dissidence considérée comme une infraction pénale et une indulgence envers certains actes dont elle respecte le but patriotique. Globalement, la culture judiciaire pratique une « réserve sans rupture » qui s’efforce de modérer, à partir de la fin de 1943, les instructions toujours plus fermes qui sont adressées.
Le barreau de Paris pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1940-1945)
Authors: Ozanam Yves 
Published: December 2018

L’étude porte sur les délibérations du conseil de l’Ordre des avocats de Paris entre 1941 et 1944. Textes à l’appui, elle montre que l’application sans réserve de la politique antisémite et xénophobe du régime de Vichy (plus de 300 exclusions sur un corps d’environ 1 700) est d’autant plus remarquable qu’elle va de pair avec de vigoureuses protestations quand cette politique touche de trop près les prérogatives de la profession : radiation d’un avocat, atteintes aux droits de la défense, mauvaises conditions de détention par exemple.
La section lyonnaise du Tribunal d’État et la section spéciale près la cour d’appel de Lyon : l’exemplarité à l’épreuve des faits
Authors: Fillon Catherine 
Published: December 2018

L’exigence d’exemplarité domine la mise en place simultanée, à partir de l’été 1941, des deux juridictions d’exception que sont les sections spéciales prés les cours d’appel, puis du Tribunal d’État composé de deux sections, l’une à Paris, l’autre à Lyon. On y retrouve la compétence rétroactive, l’élasticité des incriminations destinée à viser tout acte « terroriste », une large échelle des peines excluant le sursis et l’absence de défense comme de voies de recours.
René Linais, juge à la section spéciale
Authors: Truche Pierre , Salas Denis 
Published: December 2018

À la Libération, un constat s’impose, la résistance civile apparaît extrêmement diffuse dans la société. Tous les juges ayant prêté serment, il sera difficile de faire la distinction entre « des faits de résistance » et « l’acte de résistance ». Les juges tantôt se référaient à la loi établie, tantôt utilisaient les arcanes de la procédure pour justifier leurs décisions. René Linais, seul conseiller des sections spéciales à refuser de voter la peine de mort n’hésitera pas non plus, lors de son procès, à rompre le secret des délibérés pour justifier son acte courageux.
La cour martiale de l’Isère (30 août-6 octobre 1944)
Authors: Bruttmann Tal , Courtecuisse Claire 
Published: December 2018

La cour martiale de l’Isère fait partie du bref épisode que l’on appelle « épuration sauvage » ou « épuration extrajudiciaire ». Créée en attendant la mise en place des cours de justice (ordonnance du 26 juin 1944), dans un climat d’affrontement et de débats, elle n’en a pas moins joué un rôle modérateur. Le nombre d’exécutions capitales qu’elle prononce n’est pas plus élevé que celui de la cour de justice de la Libération dans ce département.
Délinquance en temps de crise : « l’ordinaire exceptionnel » devant la justice correctionnelle des Alpes-Maritimes (1938-1944)
Authors: Ben Khalifa Riadh 
Published: December 2018

Cet article rend compte d’une recherche menée dans le cadre d’une thèse de doctorat en histoire contemporaine centrée sur la justice « ordinaire » en temps de crise, et plus spécialement sur celle rendue par les tribunaux correctionnels des Alpes-Maritimes entre 1938 et 1944, abordant tour à tour la question des sources, du cadre spatio-temporel et de la méthodologie.
Photorefractive Keratectomy and LASIK for the Correction of Hyperopia: 2-year Follow-up
Authors: Spadea Leopoldo , Sabetti Lelio , D'Alessandri Laura , Balestrazzi Emilio 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and LASIK in the correction of hyperopia.
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 100 eyes of 56 patients with a mean hyperopia of +2.85±1.1 diopters (D) undergoing PRK and 100 eyes of 50 patients with a mean hyperopia of +4.49±1.2 D undergoing LASIK. A Zeiss Meditec MEL 70 G scan laser was used.
RESULTS: After 24-month follow-up in the PRK group (100 eyes), the mean manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) was +0.34±0.92 D (36% ±0.5 D). Mean uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.87 ±0.1; 8 (8%) eyes gained 1 line, 80 (80%) eyes had no loss or gain of lines, 10 (10%) eyes lost 1 line, and 2 (2%) eyes lost 2 lines. In the LASIK group (100 eyes), at 24-month follow-up, the mean MRSE was +0.29±0.66 D (70% ±0.5 D). Mean UCVA was 0.89±0.1; 6 (6%) eyes gained 2 lines, 10 (10%) eyes gained 1 line, 78 (78%) eyes had no loss or gain of lines, and 6 (6%) eyes lost 1 line.
CONCLUSIONS: Photorefractive keratectomy and LASIK were both effective and safe in the correction of hyperopia. However, PRK manifested an initial temporary myopic overshoot followed by a hyperopic regression over 24-month follow-up (P<.01) whereas LASIK was associated with a faster refractive stability. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:131-136.]
A New Formula for Intraocular Lens Power Calculation After Refractive Corneal Surgery
Authors: Camellin Massimo , Calossi Antonio 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: When calculating the power of an intraocular lens (IOL) with conventional methods in eyes that have previously undergone refractive surgery, in most cases the power is inaccurate. To minimize these errors, a new IOL power calculation formula was developed.
METHODS: A theoretical formula empirically adjusted two variables: 1) the corneal power and 2) the anterior chamber depth (ACD). From the average curvature of the entrance pupil area, weighted according to the Stiles-Crawford effect, the corneal power is calculated by using a relative keratometric index that is a function of the actual corneal curvature, type of keratorefractive surgery, and induced refractive change. Anterior chamber depth is a function of the preoperative ACD, lens thickness, axial length, and the ACD constant. We used our formula in 20 eyes that previously underwent refractive surgery (photorefractive keratectomy [n=6], laser subepithelial keratomileusis [n=3], laser in situ keratomileusis [n=6], and radial keratotomy [n=5]) and compared our results to other formulas.
RESULTS: Mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was +0.26 diopters (D) (standard deviation [SD] 0.73, range: -1.25 to +1.58 D) using our formula, +2.76 D (SD 1.03, range: +0.94 to +4.47 D) using the SRK II, +1.44 D (SD 0.97, range: +0.05 to +4.01 D) with Binkhorst, 1.83 D (SD 1.00, range: -0.26 to +4.21 D) with Holladay I, and -2.04 D (SD 2.19, range: -7.29 to +1.62 D) with Rosa's method. With our formula, 60% of absolute refractive prediction errors were within 0.50 D, 80% within 1.00 D, and 93% within 1.50 D.
CONCLUSIONS: In this first series of patients, we obtained encouraging results. With a greater number of cases, all statistical adjustments related to the different types of surgery should be improved. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:187-199.]
La scolarisation en maternelle : une analyse du récit et des dessins d’enfant
Authors: Prado-Martin Maria Renata 
Published: December 2018

Cet article s’appuie sur une recherche de doctorat consacrée à « L’enfant à l’école maternelle : entre résistance et soumission au projet éducatif et social » (2008). L’objectif du présent texte est de montrer, à travers l’analyse des entretiens et des dessins de 26 enfants de petite et grande section, comment les enfants d’école maternelle découvrent les normes scolaires, se les approprient et les (ré)interprètent. Les dessins ont été utilisés donc comme support du discours, il s’agira ici d’analyser le discours faits sur les images dessinées. Pour ce faire, la démarche adoptée pour le travail de terrain a suivi une orientation ethnographique et l’analyse du contenu des entretiens a été réalisée à la lumière des concepts de la sociologie de l’enfance et de la sociologie clinique.