bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xenon Trioxide Adducts of O‐Donor Ligands; [(CH3)2CO]3XeO3, [(CH3)2SO]3(XeO3)2, (C5H5NO)3(XeO3)2, and [(C6H5)3PO]2XeO3
Authors: Marczenko Katherine M. , Goettel James T. , Mercier Hélène P. A. , Schrobilgen Gary J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractXenon trioxide (XeO3) forms adducts with triphenylphosphine oxide, dimethylsulfoxide, pyridine‐N‐oxide, and acetone by coordination of the ligand oxygen atoms to the XeVI atom of XeO3. The crystalline adducts were characterized by low‐temperature, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Unlike solid XeO3, which detonates when mechanically or thermally shocked, solid (C5H5NO)3(XeO3)2, [(C6H5)3PO]2XeO3, and [(CH3)2SO]3(XeO3)2 are insensitive to mechanical shock. The [(CH3)2SO]3(XeO3)2 adduct slowly decomposes over several days to (CH3)2SO2, Xe, and O2. All three complexes undergo rapid deflagration when ignited by a flame. Both [(C6H5)3PO]2XeO3 and (C5H5NO)3(XeO3)2 are room‐temperature stable and the [(CH3)2CO]3XeO3 complex dissociates at room temperature to form a stable solution of XeO3 in acetone. The xenon coordination sphere of [(C6H5)3PO]2XeO3, a distorted square‐pyramid, provides the first example of a five‐coordinate XeO3 complex with only two Xe‐ ‐ ‐O adduct bonds. The xenon coordination spheres of the remaining adducts are distorted octahedra, comprised of three Xe‐ ‐ ‐O secondary bonds that are approximately trans to the primary Xe−O bonds of XeO3. Quantum‐chemical calculations were used to assess the nature of the Xe‐ ‐ ‐O adduct bonds, which are described as predominantly electrostatic bonds between the nucleophilic oxygen atoms of the bases and the σ‐holes of the electrophilic xenon atoms.
Structure and Mechanism of Ergothionase from Treponema denticola
Authors: Maurer Alice , Leisinger Florian , Lim David , Seebeck Florian P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractErgothioneine is a sulfur‐containing histidine derivative that emerges from microbial biosynthesis and enters the human body through intestinal uptake and regulated distribution into specific tissues. Although the proteins involved in biosynthesis and uptake are well characterized, less is known about the degradative pathways of ergothioneine. This report describes the crystal structure of the active form of ergothionase from the oral pathogen Treponema denticola complexed with the substrate analogue desmethyl‐ergothioneine sulfonic acid. This enzyme catalyzes the 1,2‐elimination of trimethylamine from ergothioneine and ergothioneine sulfonic acid by using a unique mode of substrate activation combined with acid/base catalysis. This structural and mechanistic investigation revealed four essential catalytic residues, which are strictly conserved in homologous proteins from common gastrointestinal bacteria and numerous pathogenic bacteria, suggesting that bacterial activity may play an important role in determining the availability of ergothioneine in healthy and diseased human tissue.
Symmetry Reduction of Porphycenes with Finely Tuned Optical and Electronic Properties through Oxidative Cyclization of E/Z‐Mixed Dipyrroethenes
Authors: Xu Ning , Ono Toshikazu , Hisaeda Yoshio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe main obstacle to the widespread application of porphycenes lies in the lack of efficient and economical methods for their production. Discovery of new synthetic methodologies for porphycene derivatives are important for fine‐tuning of their optical and electrochemical properties. Herein, the preparation of a set of AABB‐, ABAB‐, and ABBA‐type meso‐tetrasubstituted unsymmetric porphycenes is reported. Their synthesis involved the acid‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of AA‐ and BB‐dipyrroethenes, or AB‐type dipyrroethenes, as precursors in yields of up to 19 %. The structures were unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. The type and position of substituents in the unsymmetric porphycenes enabled fine‐tuning of the optical and electronic properties, which are discussed in terms of their UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations.
Near‐Infrared Circularly Polarized Luminescence through Intramolecular Excimer Formation of Oligo(p‐phenyleneethynylene)‐Based Double Helicates
Authors: Miki Koji , Noda Takeru , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro , Ohe Kouichi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Koji Miki, Kouichi Ohe, and colleagues at Kyoto University. The image depicts mythical dragons as carbon‐based double helicates. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201901467.
Effect of Cation Size on Solvation and Association with Superoxide Anion in Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Smirnov Vladimir S. , Kislenko Sergey A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInfluence of cation size on solvation strength, diffusion, and kinetics of the association reaction with anions O2− in aprotic solvents, such as acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide, has been investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The work is motivated by the need to understand the molecular nature of the solvent‐induced changes in capacity of Li‐air batteries. We have shown that the dependence of the solvation shell stability on the cation size has a maximum at a particular ion radius that corresponds to a solvent coordination number of 4. The shell stability maximum coincides with the diffusion coefficient minimum. The variation of the cation shell stability has a crucial impact on the kinetics of the cation‐O2− association. We have demonstrated that profound inhibition of the association reaction for Li+ in dimethyl sulfoxide is a result of the lock‐and‐key effect that cannot be described in the framework of Hard Soft Acid Base theory.
Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiomyopathy in Children
Authors: Mancilla Trevi R. , Iskra Brian , Aune Gregory J. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTDoxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in childhood cancer survivors is a growing problem. The population of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease is steadily increasing, as five‐year survival rates for all types of childhood cancers continue to improve. Doxorubicin affects the developing heart differently from the adult heart and in a subset of exposed patients, childhood exposure leads to late, irreversible cardiomyopathy. Notably, the prevalence of late‐onset toxicity is increasing in parallel with improved survival. By the year 2020, it is estimated that there will be 500,000 childhood cancer survivors and over 50,000 of them will suffer from doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity.The majority of the research to‐date, concentrated on childhood cancer survivors, has focused mostly on clinical outcomes through well‐designed epidemiological and retrospective cohort studies. Preclinical studies have elucidated many of the cellular mechanisms that elicit acute toxicity in cardiomyocytes. However, more research is needed in the areas of early‐ and late‐onset cardiotoxicity and more importantly improving the scientific understanding of how other cells present in the cardiac milieu are impacted by doxorubicin exposure.The overall goal of this review is to succinctly summarize the major clinical and preclinical studies focused on doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity. As the prevalence of patients affected by doxorubicin exposure continues to increase, it is imperative that the major gaps in existing research are identified and subsequently utilized to develop appropriate research priorities for the coming years. Well‐designed preclinical research models will enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity and directly lead to better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:905‐931, 2019.
Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation by Arterial Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Hoiland Ryan L. , Fisher Joseph A. , Ainslie Philip N. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntact, coordinated, and precisely regulated cerebrovascular responses are required for the maintenance of cerebral metabolic homeostasis, adequate perfusion, oxygen delivery, and acid‐base balance during deviations from homeostasis. Increases and decreases in the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) lead to robust and rapid increases and decreases in cerebral blood flow (CBF). In awake and healthy humans, PaCO2is the most potent regulator of CBF, and even small fluctuations can result in large changes in CBF. Alterations in the responsiveness of the cerebral vasculature can be detected with carefully controlled stimulus‐response paradigms and hold relevance for cerebrovascular risk in steno‐occlusive disease. As changes in PaCO2do not typically occur in isolation, the integrative influence of physiological factors such as intracranial pressure, arterial oxygen content, cerebral perfusion pressure, and sympathetic nervous activity must be considered. Further, age and sex, as well as vascular pathologies are also important to consider. Following a brief summary of key historical events in the development of our understanding of cerebrovascular physiology and an overview of the measurement techniques to index CBF this review provides an in‐depth description of CBF regulation in response to alterations in PaCO2. Cerebrovascular reactivity and regional flow distribution are described, with further consideration of how differences in reactivity of parallel networks can lead to the “steal” phenomenon. Factors that influence cerebrovascular reactivity are discussed and the mechanisms and regulatory pathways mediating the exquisite sensitivity of the cerebral vasculature to changes in PaCO2are outlined. Finally, topical avenues for future research are proposed. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:1101‐1154, 2019.
Long Noncoding RNA: Genomics and Relevance to Physiology
Authors: Kong Yiwei , Lu Zeyuan , Liu Pengyuan , Liu Yong , Wang Feng , Liang Eugene Y. , Hou Fan Fan , Liang Mingyu 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe mammalian cell expresses thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are longer than 200 nucleotides but do not encode any protein. lncRNAs can change the expression of protein‐coding genes through bothcisandtransmechanisms, including imprinting and other types of transcriptional regulation, and posttranscriptional regulation including serving as molecular sponges. Deep sequencing, coupled with analysis of sequence characteristics, is the primary method used to identify lncRNAs. Physiological roles of specific lncRNAs can be examined using genetic targeting or knockdown with modified oligonucleotides. Identification of nucleic acids or proteins with which an lncRNA interacts is essential for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying its physiological role. lncRNAs have been reported to contribute to the regulation of physiological functions and disease development in several organ systems, including the cardiovascular, renal, muscular, endocrine, digestive, nervous, respiratory, and reproductive systems. The physiological role of the majority of lncRNAs, many of which are species and tissue specific, remains to be determined. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:933‐946, 2019.
Geschosswohnungsbau mit monolithischem Mauerwerk aus Leichtbeton
Authors: Kranzler Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAffordable living space has become one of the main talking points in Germany next to the threat of climate change. The SMEs of the German lightweight concrete industry offer regional masonry solutions for detached, semi‐detached, and terraced houses as well as multi‐storey apartment buildings.Particularly in densely populated urban centres, the need for multi‐storey apartment buildings arises constantly. In the following the performance of monolithic lightweight concrete masonry will be described and compared with the relevant requirements for multi‐storey apartment buildings. It will be demonstrated that masonry with supposedly low compressive strength can still fulfil all requirements. Of particular significance here are the external wall‐slab junctions.
Neonatal EEG linked to individual differences in socioemotional outcomes and autism risk in toddlers
Authors: Brito Natalie H. , Elliott Amy J. , Isler Joseph R. , Rodriguez Cynthia , Friedrich Christa , Shuffrey Lauren C. , Fifer William P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractResearch using electroencephalography (EEG) as a measure of brain function and maturation has demonstrated links between cortical activity and cognitive processes during infancy and early childhood. The current study examines whether neonatal EEG is correlated with later atypical socioemotional behaviors or neurocognitive delays. Parental report developmental assessments were administered to families with children ages 24 to 36 months who had previously participated in a neonatal EEG study (N = 129). Significant associations were found between neonatal EEG (higher frequencies in the frontal polar, temporal, and parietal brain regions) and BITSEA ASD risk scores. Infants with lower EEG power in these brain areas were more likely to have higher risk of socioemotional problems. When examining sex differences, significant links were found for males but not for females. These results demonstrate some promising associations between early neural biomarkers and later risk for atypical behaviors, which may shape early neurobehavioral development and could lead to earlier identification and intervention.
Current and future potential distributions of three Dracaena Vand. ex L. species under two contrasting climate change scenarios in Africa
Authors: Bogawski Paweł , Damen Theo , Nowak Maciej M. , Pędziwiatr Katarzyna , Wilkin Paul , Mwachala Geoffrey , Pierzchalska Joanna , Wiland‐Szymańska Justyna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractForest undergrowth plants are tightly connected with the shady and humid conditions that occur under the canopy of tropical forests. However, projected climatic changes, such as decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature, negatively affect understory environments by promoting light‐demanding and drought‐tolerant species. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the influence of climate change on the spatial distribution of three selected forest undergrowth plants, Dracaena Vand. ex L. species, D. afromontana Mildbr., D. camerooniana Baker, and D. surculosa Lindl., simultaneously creating the most comprehensive location database for these species to date.A total of 1,223 herbarium records originating from tropical Africa and derived from 93 herbarium collections worldwide have been gathered, validated, and entered into a database. Species‐specific Maxent species distribution models (SDMs) based on 11 bioclimatic variables from the WorldClim database were developed for the species. HadGEM2‐ES projections of bioclimatic variables in two contrasting representative concentration pathways (RCPs), RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, were used to quantify the changes in future potential species distribution.D. afromontana is mostly sensitive to temperature in the wettest month, and its potential geographical range is predicted to decrease (up to −63.7% at RCP8.5). Optimum conditions for D. camerooniana are low diurnal temperature range (6–8°C) and precipitation in the wettest season exceeding 750 mm. The extent of this species will also decrease, but not as drastically as that of D. afromontana. D. surculosa prefers high precipitation in the coldest months. Its potential habitat area is predicted to increase in the future and to expand toward the east.This study developed SDMs and estimated current and future (year 2050) potential distributions of the forest undergrowth Dracaena species. D. afromontana, naturally associated with mountainous plant communities, was the most sensitive to predicted climate warming. In contrast, D. surculosa was predicted to extend its geographical range, regardless of the climate change scenario.
From microsatellites to single nucleotide polymorphisms for the genetic monitoring of a critically endangered sturgeon
Authors: Roques Séverine , Chancerel Emilie , Boury Christophe , Pierre Maud , Acolas Marie‐Laure 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe use of genetic information is crucial in conservation programs for the establishment of breeding plans and for the evaluation of restocking success. Short tandem repeats (STRs) have been the most widely used molecular markers in such programs, but next‐generation sequencing approaches have prompted the transition to genome‐wide markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Until now, most sturgeon species have been monitored using STRs. The low diversity found in the critically endangered European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio), however, makes its future genetic monitoring challenging, and the current resolution needs to be increased. Here, we describe the discovery of a highly informative set of 79 SNPs using double‐digest restriction‐associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing and its validation by genotyping using the MassARRAY system. Comparing with STRs, the SNP panel proved to be highly efficient and reproducible, allowing for more accurate parentage and kinship assignments' on 192 juveniles of known pedigree and 40 wild‐born adults. We explore the effectiveness of both markers to estimated relatedness and inbreeding, using simulated and empirical datasets. Interestingly, we found significant correlations between STRs and SNPs at individual heterozygosity and inbreeding that give support to a reasonable representation of whole genome diversity for both markers. These results are useful for the conservation program of A. sturio in building a comprehensive studbook, which will optimize conservation strategies. This approach also proves suitable for other case studies in which highly discriminatory genetic markers are needed to assess parentage and kinship.
To improve ecological understanding, collect infection data
Authors: Gehman Alyssa‐Lois M. , Satterfield Dara A. , Keogh Carolyn L. , McKay Alexa Fritzsche , Budischak Sarah A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEcologists seek to understand and predict how organisms respond to multiple interacting biotic and abiotic influences, an increasingly difficult task under anthropogenic change. Parasites are one of these biotic influences that are pervasive in natural systems and frequently interact with other stressors. Because they often have cryptic effects on their host organisms, their role in the distribution, abundance, composition, and dynamics of populations, communities, and ecosystems is easy to overlook. However, studies that neglect the role of parasitism may miss or misinterpret organismal responses to environmental change, hampering ecological predictions. We discuss case studies wherein the inclusion of parasite infection status altered the interpretation of ecological outcomes, and offer paths forward to make parasite data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation more accessible to ecologists. Given that parasites are responsive to environmental changes, timely attention to their influence on host responses is critical for accurately predicting future ecological states.
Some Chemical Characteristics and Oxidative Stability of Cold Pressed Grape Seed Oils Obtained from Different Winery Waste
Authors: Bjelica Miloš , Vujasinović Vesna , Rabrenović Biljana , Dimić Sanja 
Published: June 2019

Various grape seed samples collected in wineries, as a by‐product before and after the fermentation process of pomace and after fermentation and distillation process of pomace, are used for oil extraction by cold pressing. Fatty acid profile, content and composition of tocopherols, content and composition of phenols, as well as the oxidative stability of oils are investigated. Obtained results show that cold pressed grape seed oils are characterized by different nutritional quality and oxidative stability, due to peculiar effects of the fermentation and distillation processes. Cold pressed oil obtained from cleaned and dried seeds of grapes after fermentation and/or distillation process is richer in bioactive compounds compared to the oil obtained from grape seeds without fermentation. On the other hand, the high temperature in distillation process of pomace has a negative effect on the content of some bioactive compounds and oxidative stability of oil from this waste material.Practical Applications: In this paper, different cold pressed grape seed oils are analyzed for nutritionally important compounds and oxidative stability. The results show that, depending on the source of grape seeds as waste material, the nutritional quality of the obtained oils differs. In the production of high quality cold pressed grape seed oil, seeds from different sources of waste should not be mixed. It is not recommended to use the seeds from the waste material after distillation process in the production of high quality cold pressed grape seed oil.Some chemical characteristics of cold pressed grape seed oils obtained from different winery waste are analyzed. The different waste materials have a pronounced effect on the quali‐quantitative profiles of bioactive compounds and induction period of oils. Obtained results show that cold pressed grape seed oils are characterized by different nutritional quality and oxidative stability, due to peculiar effect of fermentation and distillation processes. For production of high quality cold pressed oil, seeds from different winery waste material should not be mixed.
Whom to punish? How observers sanction norm‐violating behavior in ostracism situations
Authors: Rudert Selma C. , Ruf Simone , Greifeneder Rainer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhen observing ostracism, individuals can either side with the target or the sources of ostracism. Here we demonstrate that side‐taking depends on whether the target previously acted in adherence to or in violation of perceived social norms. In four studies, a target behaved either norm‐consistently or violated a social norm, and was subsequently either excluded by the sources or was not. Next, participants could sanction the behavior of the observed persons by refraining to assign money (Studies 1 and 2), or by subtracting money from a bonus (Studies 3 and 4). Observers assigned less money to the sources when these excluded a norm‐consistent target. However, when the target had violated a social norm before, participants assigned less money to the target instead. These results have far‐reaching implications because the (in)actions of neutral individuals can legitimize the sources’ behavior, or help a target under attack.
Electrochemical Analysis of Glycoprotein Samples Prepared on a Pneumatically‐controlled Microfluidic Device
Authors: Novotny Jakub , Ostatna Veronika , Foret Frantisek 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this work, we designed and manufactured a microfluidic device for isolation and purification of glycoprotein samples. The conceived sample preparation device was fabricated in polycarbonate by micro‐milling. The flow control and the fluid dosage into the micro‐channels was solved by equipping the device with integrated pneumatic valves. The biochemical functionality was provided by beaded support modified by molecules with affinity to glycoproteins which was stacked inside the micro‐channel reminiscent of packed affinity columns used in glycoprotein lectin assays. Unlabeled glycoproteins, namely fetuin, asialofetuin, and prostate‐specific antigen, were voltammetrically analyzed using catalytic peak H at silver amalgam electrode.