bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitragynine (Kratom) impairs spatial learning and hippocampal synaptic transmission in rats
Authors: Hassan Zurina , Suhaimi Farah W , Ramanathan Surash , Ling King-Hwa , Effendy Mohamad A , Müller Christian P , Dringenberg Hans C 
Published: May 2019

Background: Mitragynine is the major alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) or Kratom, a psychoactive plant widely abused in Southeast Asia. While addictive effects of the substance are emerging, adverse cognitive effects of this drug and neuropharmacological actions are insufficiently understood. Aims: In the present study, we investigated the effects of mitragynine on spatial learning and synaptic transmission in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats received daily (for 12 days) training sessions in the Morris water maze, with each session followed by treatment either with mitragynine (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg; intraperitoneally), morphine (5 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) or a vehicle. In the second experiment, we recorded field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the hippocampal CA1 area in anesthetized rats and assessed the effects of mitragynine on baseline synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation, and long-term potentiation. Gene expression of major memory- and addiction-related genes was investigated and the effects of mitragynine on Ca2+ influx was also examined in cultured primary neurons from E16–E18 rats. Results/outcomes: Escape latency results indicate that animals treated with mitragynine displayed a slower rate of acquisition as compared to their control counterparts. Further, mitragynine treatment significantly reduced the amplitude of baseline (i.e. non-potentiated) field excitatory postsynaptic potentials and resulted in a minor suppression of long-term potentiation in CA1. Bdnf and αCaMKII mRNA expressions in the brain were not affected and Ca2+ influx elicited by glutamate application was inhibited in neurons pre-treated with mitragynine. Conclusions/interpretation: These data suggest that high doses of mitragynine (5 and 10 mg/kg) cause memory deficits, possibly via inhibition of Ca2+ influx and disruption of hippocampal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation induction.
Supervision contracts for mental health professionals: a systematic review and exploration of the potential relevance to psychiatry training in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Lu Dylan , Suetani Shuichi , Cutbush Jimsie , Parker Stephen 
Published: May 2019

Objective:The use of formal supervision contracts has been strongly advocated across non-medical mental health professions. However, the use of such agreements is not a feature of the RANZCP Competency-Based Fellowship Program. This paper critically examines the evidence to support the use of formal supervision contracts.Method:A systematic review of empirical studies relating to the outcomes of supervision contracts was completed. Included records were subject to quality appraisal.Results:Two studies met the inclusion criteria; both were assessed to be of poor quality. One study found improved supervision effectiveness associated with the use of supervision contracts, and the other found no significant differences associated with formal contracting.Conclusion:Despite strong advocacy, limited empirical evidence was found to support the value of formal supervision contracts across mental health professions. PROSPERO registration - PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018104142
Measuring Patient-Reported Health-Related Quality of Life in Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Reliability and Validity of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the VELO Instrument
Authors: Denadai Rafael , Raposo-Amaral Cassio Eduardo , Sabbag Anelise , Ribeiro Rafael Andrade , Buzzo Celso Luiz , Raposo-Amaral Cesar Augusto , Hung Man , Skirko Jonathan R. 
Published: May 2019

Objective: To test the Brazilian Portuguese velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) Effects on Life Outcome (VELO) instrument for reliability and validity. Design: Cross-sectional methodological study. Setting: Tertiary craniofacial medical center. Participants: Participants with VPI (VPI group, n = 60), with cleft and without VPI (no VPI/cleft group, n = 60), and with no cleft nor VPI (no VPI/no cleft group, n = 60) and their parents (n = 180). Interventions: All patients with VPI 8+ years old and their parents completed the Brazilian–Portuguese VELO instrument and other questionnaires (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory4.0, PedsQL4.0; Pediatric Voice-Related Quality of Life, PVRQOL; and Intelligibility in Context Scale, ICS) at baseline; patients with VPI and their parents completed the VELO instrument again 2 weeks later. Main Outcome Measures: The VELO instrument was tested for internal consistency, test–retest reliability, discriminant validity (participants with VPI against participants with no VPI), concurrent validity against other questionnaires, criterion validity against hypernasality severity, and construct validity against nasal air emission and overall velopharyngeal competence (speech construct) and velopharyngeal gap (anatomic construct). Results: The VELO had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α 0.99 for parents and 0.98 for participants with VPI) and test–retest reliability (all intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.87). The VELO discriminated well between VPI group and unaffected groups (all P < .05). The VELO was significantly correlated with the PedsQL4.0, PVRQOL, and ICS (– r > 0.75; P < .001). The VELO met criterion validity, speech construct validity, and anatomic construct validity ( r > 0.7; P < .001). Conclusions: The Brazilian-Portuguese VELO instrument demonstrated reliability (internal consistency and test–retest) and validity (discriminant, concurrent, criterion, and construct).
Early femoral component migration: comparing the anterior and posterior approach to the hip
Authors: Culliton Kathryn , Louati Hakim , Sandoval Enrique , Gofton Wade , Pagé Alexandre , Gharib Georges , Beaulé Paul E 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: Early femoral component migration is a useful indicator for identifying implants at risk of failure due to aseptic loosening. The goal of this retrospective study was to identify if anterior approach (AA) treated hips are at a higher risk of failure due to aseptic loosening caused by early migration compared to hips operated on using the traditional posterior approach (PA). Methods: A total of 388 hips were included in this study, 139 AA and 249 PA treated hips. Femoral component migration was evaluated using EBRA-FCA and radiographs were assessed for radiolucency at latest follow-up. Preoperative and 2-year clinical outcomes were reported. Results: The 1- and 2-year migration rates (mm/year), and total migration (mm) at 2-year follow-up were comparable between AA and PA hips, respectively: 0.52 versus 0.41, 0.18 versus 0.19, and 0.64 versus 0.63 (all p > 0.05). Though not statistically significant, a higher percentage of AA hips passed 2-year total migration thresholds that have been associated with aseptic loosening compared to PA hips: 25.4% versus 16.5% for 1.5 mm threshold, and 11.3% versus 4.1% for the 2.7 mm threshold. Migration was not associated with the presence of radiolucent lines. All clinical outcomes improved significantly between preoperative and 2-year follow-up. Conclusions: There was no association between the AA and any significant increase in femoral component migration. A higher percentage of AA hips exceeded the migration thresholds associated aseptic loosening; however, these stems had no other indications of instability and therefore suggests that this may be a difference in migration pattern.
Bacteriophage Therapy of Chronic Nonhealing Wound: Clinical Study
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Singh Hari Shankar , Shukla Vijay K. , Nath Gopal , Bhartiya Satyanam Kumar 
Published: May 2019

Background: A chronic wound usually results due to halt in the inflammatory phase of wound healing. Bacterial infections and biofilm formation are considered to be the basic cause of it. Chronic wounds significantly impair the quality of life. Antibiotics are now failing due to biofilm formation emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Objective: This study aims to see the effect of bacteriophage therapy in chronic nonhealing wound infected with the following bacteria: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Subject: Patients with chronic nonhealing wound not responding to conventional local debridement and antibiotic therapy were included in the study. The age of patients ranged between 12 and 60 years. Method: A total of 20 patients selected and tissue biopsies and wound swabs were taken for isolation of the bacteria. After confirmation of organism, a cocktail of customized bacteriophages was topically applied over the wound on alternate days till the wound surface became microbiologically sterile. Mean bacterial count and clinical assessment were done and compared at the time of presentation and after 3 and 5 doses of application. Results: A significant improvement was observed in the wound healing, and there were no signs of infection clinically and microbiologically after 3 to 5 doses of topical bacteriophage therapy. Seven patients achieved complete healing on day21 during follow up while in others healthy margins and healthy granulation tissue were observed. Conclusion: Topical bacteriophage application may be quite effective therapy for the treatment of chronic nonhealing wounds.
Conversion of clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis: a prospective multi-center study in Eastern India
Authors: Banerjee TK , Saha M , Ghosh E , Hazra A , Das A , Choudhury D , Ojha S , Haldar A , Mukherjee A , Nandi SS , Ghosh A , Mukherjee A , Chatterjee A , Datta A , Purakayastha S 
Published: May 2019

Background In White populations more than 60% of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) convert to multiple sclerosis (MS) on a long-term follow-up; several predictors for conversion have been identified. Objective This study aimed to determine the conversion rate and the predictors of conversion from CIS to MS (McDonald 2010) among Indians. The other objective was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the new McDonald 2017 criteria in prediction of a second clinical attack. Methods Clinical and demographic data of CIS cohorts were collected. Baseline investigations included cerebrospinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing for oligoclonal band (OCB). Follow-up clinical and MRI examinations were performed annually for at least 24 months. Results Of the 82 subjects (age range 15–58 years), 36 (43.9%) converted to MS; 31/82 (37.8%) converted in 24 months. The predictors for conversion were earlier age of onset, CSF-OCB, cerebral MRI T2 lesion count, and periventricular and juxtacortical location of lesions. Twenty-two (26.83%) CIS fulfilled the McDonald MS 2017 criteria at baseline. Conclusion In this first prospective study of CIS in India, the risk factors for conversion are similar but the conversion rate to MS is lower than that in the western nations.
Clinical effect observation of intravenous application of zoledronic acid in patients with cervical spondylosis and osteoporosis after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Liu Bin , Liu Xiangyang , Chen Yixin , Wang GuoPing , Wang Guohua , Shen Xiongjie , Liu Hongzhe , Liao Xiaoyun 
Published: May 2019

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of zoledronic acid (ZA) in patients with cervical spondylosis and osteoporosis after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery. Methods: All selected patients were divided into the study group and the control group according to the sequence of surgery time. In the study group, 5 mg (100 ml) of ZA was applied intravenously as intervention on the 5 day after ACDF surgery. Patients were followed up regularly after surgery. Results: Forty-three cases completed the follow-ups (21/22), the neck disability index (NDI) score significantly decreased at the 3rd month after surgery in both groups, it came to a plateau at the 6th month after surgery, and it had some rise at the 12th month after surgery, but the NDI score was lower in the study group at the 12th month after surgery ( p < 0.05). C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and amino terminal propeptide of type I procollagen of bone turnover markers in the study group showed a downward trend after surgery, among which CTX decreased significantly and no significant changes in the control group. At the 12th month after surgery, the bone mineral density of lumbar spine area in the study group was significantly improved ( p < 0.05). During the 3rd and the 6th month follow-up after surgery, 1/2 osteogenesis rate of the study group was significantly higher ( p < 0.05). However, all patients in the two groups obtained stable fusion at the 12th month follow-up after surgery. Conclusions: For patients with cervical spondylosis and osteoporosis, intravenous application of ZA after ACDF surgery can shorten the time of cervical osteogenesis, promote local bone graft fusion, and improve the postoperative clinical effect to some extent.
Evacuation Shelter Deficits for Socially Vulnerable Texas Residents During Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Karaye Ibraheem M. , Thompson Courtney , Horney Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Socially vulnerable residents of US Gulf Coast counties have higher exposure to physical hazards and disaster-associated risks. Evacuation is one way to mitigate the consequences of disaster exposure among socially vulnerable populations. However, it is unknown whether existing evacuation shelter capacity and locations in designated hurricane evacuation zones of Texas are adequate to accommodate persons with housing and transportation needs. This study estimated the evacuation shelter deficit arising from demand from socially vulnerable residents of the Houston-Galveston area. Methods: Spatial statistical methods including Global Moran’s I and Getis-Ord (Gi*) were used to measure spatial autocorrelation and identify census tracts in the study area with high (hot spots) and low (cold spots) social vulnerability in both housing and transportation domains. The shelter deficit in each county within the study area was estimated as well as for the entire Houston-Galveston Metropolitan Statistical Area. Results: Designated evacuation zones in the Houston-Galveston area have an overall shelter deficit of 163 317 persons. Shelters in the area can only accommodate 36% of evacuees with significant housing and transportation needs, while 3 of 4 counties had county-specific evacuation shelter deficits. The highest deficits were in Harris County, where Houston is located, and the lowest were in Matagorda County, a rural county southwest of Harris County. Conclusion: Emergency managers and other authorities should consider data related to demand from socially vulnerable residents for public shelters during disasters and increase shelter capacity in certain locations to address evacuation shelter shortage for vulnerable persons in designated evacuation zones of Texas.
The behaviour of as-applied and artificially weathered silica–epoxy consolidants on a typical Mediterranean porous limestone: a comparison with TEOS
Authors: Briffa Sophie M. , Vella Daniel A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A water based epoxy–silica consolidant and variants of the same consolidant containing silica nanoparticles (NP) were applied to Globigerina Limestone (GL) blocks by brushing and full immersion techniques. The consolidants were applied for their improved strength, toughness and adhesion to the stone surface. As-consolidated dried stone blocks were characterised (colour, total porosity, pore size distribution and microstructure) and their physical and mechanical properties assessed by a water uptake by capillary test, drilling resistance and resistance to salt crystallisation test. In another set of experiments, the consolidated limestone blocks were subject to 28 wet–dry cycles (8-h wet, 16-h dry) in a weathering chamber. The physical and mechanical properties of the weathered consolidated limestone blocks were then re-assessed. Parallel tests were also performed on tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)-consolidated and untreated GL blocks. The water absorption coefficients of limestone blocks consolidated by brush-applied epoxy–silica dropped marginally. No significant changes to the water absorption coefficients were recorded after weathering. The drilling resistance curves showed a clear improvement of the mechanical properties of epoxy–silica treated GL, but the effects of the consolidants were reversed with weathering. The epoxy–silica consolidants reduced the resistance of GL to salt crystallisation. This resistance was partly restored after weathering, corroborating the drilling resistance results, and supporting the consolidation reversal hypothesis. Test results for the epoxy–silica consolidants applied by immersion showed similar trends, albeit complicated by pore blocking. The formation of an undesirable surface crust with epoxy–silica consolidants remains a pertinent issue with such hybrid materials. The behaviour of TEOS-consolidated GL was very different to the epoxy–silica consolidants and this can be traced to the hydrophobic nature of TEOS that persisted months after application.
Clinical Guidelines and PTH Measurement: Does Assay Generation Matter?
Authors: Smit Marjon A , van Kinschot Caroline M J , van der Linden Joke , van Noord Charlotte , Kos Snježana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPTH is an important regulator of calcium and phosphate homeostasis and bone remodeling. It is metabolized into PTH fragments, which are measured to a different extent by PTH assays of different generations because of differences in fragments recognized and lack of assay standardization. PTH is measured in the workup of several conditions, and clinical guidelines provide recommendations concerning these measurements. This review provides an overview of the impact of differences between PTH assays, applying distinct clinical guidelines for primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism and perioperative use of PTH measurements. Guidelines deal with PTH measurement in different ways, recommending either trend monitoring, the use of a fold increase of the upper reference limit, or an absolute PTH cutoff value. For classic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), the type of PTH assay used will not affect diagnosis or management because the precise concentration of PTH is less relevant. In chronic kidney disease, the guideline recommends treating secondary hyperparathyroidism above a twofold to ninefold PTH increase, which will result in different clinical decisions depending on the assay used. For patients after bariatric surgery, guidelines state absolute cutoff values for PTH, but the impact of different generation assays is unknown because direct comparison of PTH assays has never been performed. During parathyroid surgery, PTH measurements with a third-generation assay reflect treatment success more rapidly than second-generation assays. Increased awareness among clinicians regarding the complexity of PTH measurements is warranted because it can affect clinical decisions.
Sideline Coverage of Figure Skating Events
Authors: Lambrinakos-Raymond Kristen , FitzGerald Brian , Geminiani Ellen T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe sport of figure skating has evolved to include various disciplines and athletes continue to push the limits of the skills they perform, thus increasing the potential for injury in practice, as well as in competition. To provide optimal rink side coverage, health care professionals must be aware of the elements skaters perform and the injuries to be expected. Appropriate planning and coordination of medical services is required to ensure adequate and timely care of injured figure skaters. Protocols developed for local, national, and international events are available to assist in this process.
Protein Supplementation Does Not Augment Adaptations to Endurance Exercise Training
Authors: JONVIK KRISTIN L. , PAULUSSEN KEVIN J. M. , DANEN SHIANNAH L. , CEELEN INGRID J. M. , HORSTMAN ASTRID M. , WARDENAAR FLORIS C. , VAN LOON LUC J. C. , VAN DIJK JAN-WILLEM 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Recently, it has been speculated that protein supplementation may further augment the adaptations to chronic endurance exercise training. We assessed the effect of protein supplementation during chronic endurance exercise training on whole-body oxidative capacity (V˙O2max) and endurance exercise performance.

Methods
In this double-blind, randomized, parallel placebo-controlled trial, 60 recreationally active males (age, 27 ± 6 yr; body mass index, 23.8 ± 2.6 kg·m−2; V˙O2max, 47 ± 6 mL·min−1·kg−1) were subjected to 12 wk of triweekly endurance exercise training. After each session and each night before sleep, participants ingested either a protein supplement (PRO; 28.7 g casein protein) or an isoenergetic carbohydrate placebo (PLA). Before and after the 12 wk of training, V˙O2max and endurance exercise performance (~10-km time trial) were assessed on a cycle ergometer. Muscular endurance (total workload achieved during 30 reciprocal isokinetic contractions) was assessed by isokinetic dynamometry and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Mixed-model ANOVA was applied to assess whether training adaptations differed between groups.

Results
Endurance exercise training induced an 11% ± 6% increase in V˙O2max (time effect, P < 0.0001), with no differences between groups (PRO, 48 ± 6 to 53 ± 7 mL·min−1·kg−1; PLA, 46 ± 5 to 51 ± 6 mL·min−1·kg−1; time–treatment interaction, P = 0.50). Time to complete the time trial was reduced by 14% ± 7% (time effect, P < 0.0001), with no differences between groups (time–treatment interaction, P = 0.15). Muscular endurance increased by 6% ± 7% (time effect, P < 0.0001), with no differences between groups (time–treatment interaction, P = 0.84). Leg lean mass showed an increase after training (P < 0.0001), which tended to be greater in PRO compared with PLA (0.5 ± 0.7 vs 0.2 ± 0.6 kg, respectively; time–treatment interaction, P = 0.073).

Conclusion
Protein supplementation after exercise and before sleep does not further augment the gains in whole-body oxidative capacity and endurance exercise performance after chronic endurance exercise training in recreationally active, healthy young males.
Controllability of joint integrity and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 6061-T6 aluminum and AZ31B magnesium alloys based on stationary shoulder
Authors: Wu Baosheng , Liu Jinglin , Song Qi , Lv Zan , Bai Wei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In order to improve joint integrity and reduce the amount of intermetallic compounds (IMCs), 6061-T6 Al and AZ31B Mg alloys were successfully joined by stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW). The stationary shoulder effectively enhanced the joint surface integrity and reduced the thickness reduction of the Al/Mg joint. The elimination of pin adhesion was beneficial to increasing material transfer and then improving interfacial joining length of Al/Mg joint. Extremely thin IMCs layer could be achieved because of the heat sink induced by the stationary shoulder. The maximum tensile strength of the Al/ Mg joint reached 137 MPa at a welding speed of 60 mm/min, rotating velocity of 1000 rpm and offset to Mg sheet of 0.3 mm, which was 130% higher than that of conventional joint. SSFSW is feasible and has the potential to join dissimilar materials with the formation of IMCs, such as Al/Mg alloys, Al/copper alloys, Al/titanium alloys and so on.