bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic association of the ACACB gene with milk yield and composition traits in dairy cattle
Authors: Han B. , Liang W. , Liu L. , Li Y. , Sun D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPreviously, we re‐sequenced the whole genomes of eight Holstein bulls with high or low milk protein and fat percentage, and we detected two indels in the ACACB (acetyl‐CoA carboxylase beta) gene that were polymorphic between the two groups. Thus, we considered ACACB as a promising candidate gene potentially affecting milk composition traits. Herein, we verified the genetic effects of ACACB on five milk traits in a Chinese Holstein population. We identified six SNPs in the 5′‐promoter region, five in the 5′‐ untranslated region (UTR), 11 in exons, four in the 3′‐UTR and three in the 3′‐flanking region by re‐sequencing the entire coding and regulatory regions of ACACB. One of these SNPs (ss1987461005) is reported here for the first time, and three of the SNPs (rs109482081, rs110819816 and rs109281947) were predicted to result in amino acid replacements. Genotype–phenotype association analyses showed that all the identified SNPs, except for ss1987461005, rs208919019 and rs134447911, were significantly associated with milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, protein yield or protein percentage (P < 0.0001 to 0.0484). Linkage disequilibrium analyses were conducted among the identified SNPs to confirm the genetic associations. Two SNPs—rs135874354 (g.66218726T>C) and rs210928430 (g.66218117G>A)—were predicted to alter transcription factor binding sites in the 5′‐promoter region of ACACB. A luciferase activity assay showed that the promoter activity of haplotype TG was significantly higher than that of CG (P = 0.0002) and that the promoter activity of haplotype TA was remarkably higher than that of CA (P = 7.4285E−09), showing that the T allele of rs135874354 increased promoter activity. Thus, rs135874354 was considered to be a potentially functional mutation. Our findings have, for the first time, profiled the genetic effect of ACACB on milk production traits in dairy cattle and revealed a potentially causal mutation that requires further the in‐depth validation.
Gender, Political Knowledge, and Descriptive Representation: The Impact of Long‐Term Socialization
Authors: Dassonneville Ruth , McAllister Ian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSuccessive studies have found a persistent gender gap in political knowledge. Despite much international research, this gap has remained largely impervious to explanation. A promising line of recent inquiry has been the low levels of women's elected representation in many democracies. We test the hypothesis that higher levels of women's elected representation will increase women's political knowledge. Using two large, comparative data sets, we find that the proportion of women elected representatives at the time of the survey has no significant effect on the gender gap. By contrast, there is a strong and significant long‐term impact for descriptive representation when respondents were aged 18 to 21. The results are in line with political socialization, which posits that the impact of political context is greatest during adolescence and early adulthood. These findings have important implications not only for explaining the gender knowledge gap, but also for the impact of descriptive representation on political engagement generally.
Time series analysis reveals synchrony and asynchrony between conflict management effort and increasing large grazing bird populations in northern Europe
Authors: Cusack Jeremy J. , Duthie A. Brad , Rakotonarivo O. Sarobidy , Pozo Rocío A. , Mason Tom H.E. , Månsson Johan , Nilsson Lovisa , Tombre Ingunn M. , Eythórsson Einar , Madsen Jesper , Tulloch Ayesha , Hearn Richard D. , Redpath Steve , Bunnefeld Nils 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe management of conflicts between wildlife conservation and agricultural practices often involves the implementation of strategies aimed at reducing the cost of wildlife impacts on crops. Vital to the success of these strategies is the perception that changes in management efforts are synchronized relative to changes in impact levels, yet this expectation is never evaluated. We assess the level of synchrony between time series of population counts and management effort in the context of conflicts between agriculture and five populations of large grazing birds in northern Europe. We reveal inconsistent patterns of synchrony and asynchrony between changes in population counts and impact management effort relating to population harvesting, monetary payments, or scaring practices. This variation is likely due to differing management aims, the existence of lags between management decisions and population monitoring, and the inconsistent use of predictive models across case studies. Overall, our findings highlight the need for more adaptive and timely responses of management to changes in target species numbers so as not to unexpectedly increase social conflicts and jeopardize the status of wildlife populations.
Symptomatic hallux valgus and dorsal bunion in adolescents with cerebral palsy: clinical and biomechanical factors
Authors: van de Velde Samuel K , Cashin Megan , Johari Ratna , Blackshaw Rachel , Khot Abhay , Graham H Kerr 
Published: March 2018

AimThe prevalence of severely symptomatic deformities of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) requiring arthrodesis is unknown. Recent literature regarding these deformities is limited. We studied the presentation of severe, symptomatic deformities of the first ray in a large population of children and adolescents with CP and their association with gross motor function, CP subtype, and other musculoskeletal deformities.MethodWe identified 41 patients with CP and a symptomatic deformity of the first MTP joint, managed by arthrodesis, from a large population based database over a 21‐year period. Information recorded included demographics, CP subtype, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), clinical presentation, and radiological features.ResultsAdolescents with spastic diplegia, at GMFCS levels II and III, were the most common group to develop symptomatic hallux valgus. In contrast, non‐ambulant adolescents, at GMFCS levels IV and V, with dystonia or mixed tone, more commonly had dorsal bunions.InterpretationThe type of first MTP joint deformity in patients with CP may be predicted by the type and distribution of movement disorder, and by GMFCS level. Specific patterns of associated musculoskeletal deformities may contribute to the development of these disorders and may provide a guide to surgical management.What this paper adds

The prevalence of severe bunions requiring fusion surgery was 2%.

The two types of bunion were hallux valgus and dorsal bunion.

The type of bunion can be identified on both clinical and radiological grounds.

The cerebral palsy subtype is predictive of the type of bunion.
Heroin seeking becomes dependent on dorsal striatal dopaminergic mechanisms and can be decreased by N‐acetylcysteine
Authors: Hodebourg Ritchy , Murray Jennifer E. , Fouyssac Maxime , Puaud Mickaël , Everitt Barry J. , Belin David 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe alarming increase in heroin overdoses in the USA is a reminder of the need for efficacious and novel treatments for opiate addiction. This may reflect the relatively poor understanding of the neural basis of heroin, as compared to cocaine, seeking behaviour. While cocaine reinforcement depends on the mesolimbic system, well‐established cocaine seeking is dependent on dorsolateral striatum (aDLS) dopamine‐dependent mechanisms which are disrupted by N‐acetylcysteine, through normalisation of corticostriatal glutamate homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether a functional recruitment of aDLS dopamine‐dependent control over instrumental responding also occurs for heroin seeking, even though heroin reinforcement does not depend on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Lister Hooded rats acquired heroin self‐administration and were subsequently trained to seek heroin daily over prolonged periods of time under the control of drug‐paired cues, as measured under a second‐order schedule of reinforcement. At different stages of training, that is, early on and when heroin seeking behaviour was well established, we measured the sensitivity of drug‐seeking responses to either bilateral aDLS infusions of the dopamine receptor antagonist α‐flupenthixol (5, 10 and 15 μg/side) or systemic administration of N‐acetylcysteine (30, 60 and 90 mg/kg). The results demonstrate that control over heroin seeking behaviour devolves to aDLS dopamine‐dependent mechanisms after extended training. Further aDLS‐dependent well‐established, cue‐controlled heroin seeking was disrupted by N‐acetylcysteine. Comparison with previous data on cocaine suggests that the development of drug seeking habits and the alteration of corticostriatal glutamate homeostasis, which is restored by N‐acetylcysteine, are quantitatively similar between heroin and cocaine.
Woody encroachment slows decomposition and termite activity in an African savanna
Authors: Leitner Monica , Davies Andrew B. , Parr Catherine L. , Eggleton Paul , Robertson Mark P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWoody encroachment can lead to a complete switch from open habitats to dense thickets, and has the potential to greatly alter the biodiversity and ecological functioning of grassy ecosystems across the globe. Plant litter decomposition is a critical ecosystem process fundamental to nutrient cycling and global carbon dynamics, yet little is known about how woody encroachment might alter this process. We compared grass decay rates of heavily encroached areas with adjacent nonencroached open areas in a semi‐arid South African savanna using litterbags that allowed or excluded invertebrates. We also assessed the effect of woody encroachment on the activity of termites— dominant decomposer organisms in savanna systems. We found a significant reduction in decomposition rates within encroached areas, with litter taking twice as long to decay compared with open savanna areas. Moreover, invertebrates were more influential on grass decomposition in open areas and termite activity was substantially lower in encroached areas, particularly during the dry season when activity levels were reduced to almost zero. Our results suggest that woody encroachment created an unfavourable environment for invertebrates, and termites in particular, leading to decreased decomposition rates in these areas. We provide the first quantification of woody encroachment altering the functioning of African savanna ecosystems through the slowing of aboveground plant decomposition. Woody encroachment is intensifying across the globe, and our results suggest that substantial changes to the carbon balance and biodiversity of grassy biomes could occur.
Opioid‐Induced “Likeability” and “Feeling Good” Are Not Associated With Return Visits to an ED Among Migraine Patients Administered IV Hydromorphone
Authors: Friedman Benjamin W. , Latev Alexander , Campbell Caron , White Deborah 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundParenteral opioids are used in more than 50% of emergency department (ED) visits for migraine. Use of opioids for migraine has been associated with subsequent ED visits, perhaps because of opioid‐induced euphoria. In this study, we quantify the extent to which nontherapeutic effects of opioids influence migraine outcomes. We hypothesized that “feeling good” and medication likeability would in fact be associated with receipt of opioids (rather than relief of migraine pain) and that receipt of opioids (rather than relief of migraine pain) would be associated with return visits to the ED.MethodsDuring an ED‐based clinical trial, migraine patients were randomized to receive hydromorphone 1 mg or prochlorperazine 10 mg + diphenhydramine 25 mg IV. Thirty minutes after medication administration, we asked, (1) How much did you like the medication you received? and (2) How good did the medication make you feel? Participants were asked to provide answers on a 0‐10 scale. We also determined 0‐10 pain scores at baseline and 1 hour and number of return visits for headache during the subsequent month.ResultsSixty‐three patients received prochlorperazine and 64 hydromorphone. Prochlorperazine pain scores improved by 6.8 (SD: 2.6), hydromorphone by 4.7 (SD: 3.3) (95%CI for difference of 2.1: 1.0, 3.2). On the 0‐10 likeability scale, prochlorperazine patients reported a mean of 7.2 (SD: 2.8), hydromorphone 6.9 (SD: 2.9) (95% CI for difference of 0.3: −0.7, 1.3). On the 0‐10 feeling good scale, prochlorperazine patients reported a mean of 7.5 (SD: 2.3), hydromorphone 6.8 (SD: 2.8) (95%CI: for difference of 0.7: −0.2, 1.6). In the hydromorphone group, 8/57 (14%, 95%CI: 7, 26%) returned to the ED vs 5/63 (8%, 95%CI: 3,18%) in the prochlorperazine group. In regression modeling, feeling good was independently associated with pain relief (P < .01) but not with medication received (P = .67) or return visits (P = .12). Similarly, medication likeability was independently associated with pain relief (P < .01) but not medication received (P = .12) or return visits (P = .16).ConclusionWe did not detect an association between hydromorphone and medication likeability, feeling good, or return visits to the ED. Headache relief was associated with medication likeability and feeling good.
NEW HISTORIES OF EMOTION
Authors: Lang Johannes 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAt the beginning of the twenty‐first century, there was a growing sense that historians had neglected the emotions and failed to think seriously about them. Since then, there has been explosive interest in the history of emotions. What precipitated this development? What has this focus on emotion added to our historical understanding, and what does a historical perspective contribute to research on emotion? Two recent books help us think about these questions. In The History of Emotions, Jan Plamper offers the first book‐length introduction to this field available in English; in Emotional Lexicons, Ute Frevert and a group of fellow historians trace continuities and change in the vocabulary of feeling from the beginning of the eighteenth century to the end of the millennium. At stake, in both books, is the idea that emotions are historically contingent—that history has the ability to shape and transform even the most basic features of human experience. This review essay engages with the central arguments of these books, and offers a somewhat different interpretation of the history of emotions. What is called for, the essay suggests, is not first and foremost a separate history of emotions nor the adding of emotion to existing histories, but new histories that systematically incorporate emotions into their analyses. Historians should seek to demonstrate how emotions are an integral part of history and historiography in a more general sense. Systematic attention to emotions not only adds nuance to a historical narrative, the essay concludes, but also fundamentally affects our ideas about how history actually happens.
Increased circulating microparticles in women with preeclampsia
Authors: Zhang Y. , Zhao C. , Wei Y. , Yang S. , Cui C. , Yang J. , Zhang J. , Qiao R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionPreeclampsia (PE) is associated with hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which generate microparticles (MPs). Therefore, MPs may be important for PE.MethodsWe established a verified MP measurement procedure to detect MPs in nonpregnant women (n = 25), healthy pregnant women (n = 29) and PE women (n = 73) and compared their MP levels.ResultsMicroparticles prepared from platelets (PMPs), endothelial cells (EMPs) and leucocytes (LMPs) were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and were analysed by our established flow cytofluorimetric approach, which showed good specificity for determining the cell origin and level of MPs. The levels of total MPs (tMPs) and PMPs in the healthy pregnant group were significantly higher than those in the nonpregnant group (158.78 vs 93.00 and 45.04 vs 17.41, P = .004 and P = .007, respectively) but were not significantly different from those of the PE group. However, EMPs and LMPs were significantly higher in the PE group than in the healthy pregnant group (14.62 vs 11.48 and 8.94 vs 5.03, P = .015 and P < .001, respectively). Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for EMPs, LMPs and the combined sum of EMPs and LMPs were 0.661, 0.746 and 0.718, respectively (P < . 05); at their optimal cut‐off values, the sensitivities were 50.68%, 87.67% and 46.58%, respectively, and the specificities were 80.77%, 58.33% and 95.65%, respectively.ConclusionDetermining the MP level, especially that of EMPs and LMPs, by a specificity‐verified method may reflect the endothelial dysfunction and inflammation involved in PE pathogenesis.
¿Pacto de clase positivo en la producción globalizada? El Protocolo de Libertad Sindical de la industria indonesia de prendas deportivas
Authors: SIEGMANN Karin Astrid , MERK Jeroen , KNORRINGA Peter 
Published: March 2018

ResumenLos autores investigan las posibilidades de «mejora social impulsada por los trabajadores» a través de iniciativas de RSE en cadenas mundiales de valor (CMV). Aplican la teoría de Wright sobre el pacto de clase positivo al análisis del Protocolo de Libertad Sindical concluido en el sector de prendas deportivas de Indonesia, ampliándola para adaptarla a la complejidad de las CMV. A partir de entrevistas, fuentes académicas y periodísticas y observación participante, concluyen que, para que dichas iniciativas impulsen el trabajo decente, se requiere la participación de organizaciones de trabajadores fuertes y, como catalizador, una necesidad de cooperar con ellas por parte de los compradores o los productores.
A Delphi study to identify the core components of nurse to nurse handoff
Authors: O'Rourke Jennifer , Abraham Joanna , Riesenberg Lee Ann , Matson Jeff , Lopez Karen Dunn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify the core components of nurse–nurse handoffs.BackgroundPatient handoffs involve a process of passing information, responsibility and control from one caregiver to the next during care transitions. Around the globe, ineffective handoffs have serious consequences resulting in wrong treatments, delays in diagnosis, longer stays, medication errors, patient falls and patient deaths. To date, the core components of nurse–nurse handoff have not been identified. This lack of identification is a significant gap in moving towards a standardized approach for nurse–nurse handoff.DesignMixed methods design using the Delphi technique.MethodsFrom May 2016 ‐ October 2016, using a series of iterative steps, a panel of handoff experts gave feedback on the nurse–nurse handoff core components and the content in each component to be passed from one nurse to the next during a typical unit‐based shift handoff. Consensus was defined as 80% agreement or higher.Results/findingsAfter three rounds of participant review, 17 handoff experts with backgrounds in clinical nursing practice, academia and handoff research came to consensus on the core components of handoff: patient summary, action plan and nurse–nurse synthesis.ConclusionThis is the first study to identify the core components of nurse–nurse handoff. Subsequent testing of the core components will involve evaluating the handoff approach in a simulated and then actual patient care environment. Our long‐term goal is to improve patient safety outcomes by validating an evidence‐based handoff framework and handoff curriculum for pre‐licensure nursing programmes that strengthen the quality of their handoff communication as they enter clinical practice.
Unique mechanisms of connective tissue growth factor regulation in airway smooth muscle in asthma: Relationship with airway remodelling
Authors: Wang Junfei , Faiz Alen , Ge Qi , Vermeulen Cornelis J. , Van der Velden Joanne , Snibson Kenneth J. , van de Velde Rob , Sawant Sonia , Xenaki Dikaia , Oliver Brian , Timens Wim , ten Hacken Nick , van den Berge Maarten , James Alan , Elliot John G. , Dong Liang , Burgess Janette K. , Ashton Anthony W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNeovascularization, increased basal membrane thickness and increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) bulk are hallmarks of airway remodelling in asthma. In this study, we examined connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) dysregulation in human lung tissue and animal models of allergic airway disease. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ASM cells from patients with severe asthma (A) exhibited high expression of CTGF, compared to mild and non‐asthmatic (NA) tissues. This finding was replicated in a sheep model of allergic airways disease. In vitro, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β increased CTGF expression both in NA‐ and A‐ASM cells but the expression was higher in A‐ASM at both the mRNA and protein level as assessed by PCR and Western blot. Transfection of CTGF promoter‐luciferase reporter constructs into NA‐ and A‐ASM cells indicated that no region of the CTGF promoter (−1500 to +200 bp) displayed enhanced activity in the presence of TGF‐β. However, in silico analysis of the CTGF promoter suggested that distant transcription factor binding sites may influence CTGF promoter activation by TGF‐β in ASM cells. The discord between promoter activity and mRNA expression was also explained, in part, by differential post‐transcriptional regulation in A‐ASM cells due to enhanced mRNA stability for CTGF. In patients, higher CTGF gene expression in bronchial biopsies was correlated with increased basement membrane thickness indicating that the enhanced CTGF expression in A‐ASM may contribute to airway remodelling in asthma.
Cytokinesis arrest and multiple centrosomes in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Rogne Marie , Svaerd Oksana , Madsen‐Østerbye Julia , Hashim Adnan , Tjønnfjord Geir E. , Staerk Judith 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCytokinesis failure leads to the emergence of tetraploid cells and multiple centrosomes. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common haematological malignancy in adults and is characterized by clonal B cell expansion. Here, we show that a significant number of peripheral blood CLL cells are arrested in cytokinesis and that this event occurred after nuclear envelope reformation and before cytoplasmic abscission. mRNA expression data showed that several genes known to be crucial for cell cycle regulation, checkpoint and centromere function, such as ING4, ING5, CDKN1A and CDK4, were significantly dysregulated in CLL samples. Our results demonstrate that CLL cells exhibit difficulties in completing mitosis, which is different from but may, at least in part, explain the previously reported accumulation of CLL cells in G0/1.