bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CETAF Collection Dashboard: Mapping natural history collections diversity
Authors: Semal Patrick , Adam Marielle , Van den Spiegel Didier , Theeten Franck , Engledow Henry , Mergen Patricia , Gödderz Karsten , Rubio Ana 
Published: September 2019

Several initiatives aim to map the diversity of Natural History (NH) collections and standardise their descriptions. The Global Registry of Biodiversity Repositories (GRBio) is the most recent global registry. Unfortunately the server has been down since mid-2018 but the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) recently "rescued" this data. In addition to this, the One World Collection exercise is a set of high-level collection descriptors (size, group coverage and geographic distribution) supporting a common strategy between the largest world institutions. Despite these efforts, a large part of the NH collections remains digitally unavailable and digitisation at the specimen level will take several decades.
A new NH collections dashboard is needed in order to harmonise the efforts of the institutions. The Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF) is a good place to introduce this excercise. CETAF’s members hold over half of the world’s NH collections, representing 80% of the world's bio- and geo-diversity. Most of these collections are now engaged in the preparation for the common process of the Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo, European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructure).
Additionally in Belgium, the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Royal Museum of Central Africa (RMCA), Meise Botanic Garden (MBG) and CETAF have joined efforts to set up a common research portal (Natural Heritage, BRAIN-be project). The goal is to link together several collection management systems (CMS) and to (re)create links between isolated collection items.
The CETAF collections dashboard splits the information into small metadata units related to topics relevant to the collections (taxonomy, geographic distribution, digitisation strategy and coverage, stratigraphy, etc.). The model allows for the creation of new units without a complete modification of the database structure. All units are defined by the Dublin Core and by fields derived from the Innovation and consolidation for large scale digitisation of natural heritage (ICEDIG) d2.3 deliverable (van Egmond et al. 2019).
The object hierarchy allows for the creation of sub-collections and preserves the unity of the information. The CMS has an internal object database with a full index and a faceted search interface. It also has web services and XLS (Microsoft® Excel®) import/export functionalities. The collection dashboard also includes a complete workflow and access rights management at the object level. This is important for the information that is protected by the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The dashboard is now being evaluated with the collections hosted by the partners of Natural Heritage. The system will be proposed to CETAF members and connections will be established with the international portals such as the GBIF or the future DiSSCo portal.
A comprehensive approach for the assessment of HMA compactability using GPR technique
Authors: Plati Christina , Georgiou Panos , Loizos Andreas 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTWith the focus on quality assurance practices during pavement construction, the present research aims at investigating the compactability of hot mix asphalt using the ground‐penetrating radar technique. Thus, density as an indicator of the compactability of hot mix asphalt is predicted using three different electromagnetic‐mixing‐theory‐based density models (namely, the complex refractive index model, Rayleigh model, and Al‐Qadi, Lahouar and Leng model), and the prediction performance is also investigated. The investigations are based on experimental data acquired, both in the laboratory and field, from new full‐scale asphalt pavement sections with varying asphalt mixture compositions. The laboratory experiment, which involved the compaction of asphalt mixtures using the steel‐segmented roller compactor, indicated that compaction mode affects the compactability of hot mix asphalt, whereas the analysis of field ground‐penetrating radar experimental data revealed that the estimated electric permittivity during the compaction process could be considered a measure of the asphalt mix field compactability. The prediction performance of the three density models was evaluated using different methodological approaches with respect to the backcalculation of of the mix aggregates. The results indicated that, by utilizing the ground‐penetrating radar field measured for the assessment of the predicted Gmb values from the implementation of the above density models closely approach the ground‐truth field‐core bulk densities. Comparative evaluation of the three density models showed that the Al‐Qadi, Lahouar, and Leng model exhibits the best prediction performance, which is comparable to nuclear/non‐nuclear methods. In light of this, it could be argued that the ground‐penetrating radar methodology coupled with novel algorithms can be an effective and efficient tool to improve the asphalt mix compaction process and assessment of in situ density.
Ambiguities in geophysical interpretation during fracture detection—case study from a limestone quarry (Lower Silesia Region, Poland)
Authors: Golebiowski Tomislaw , Porzucek Slawomir , Pasierb Bernadetta 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTGeophysical studies were conducted over a shallow mining excavation near a sinkhole that was created by partial collapse of the excavation. The main aim of this study was to detect the fractured zones induced by mining activity and so threatening the stability of the surface. To this end, geophysical surveys using microgravimetry, georadar, and electrical resistivity tomography techniques were carried out. However, although the results of these measurements were clear, yet the distribution of the fractured zones in the rock mass remained unclear. In this paper, the results of each individual geophysical technique used to detect the fractured zones and the ambiguities in the interpretation are presented. In order to properly analyse the data, a more complex interpretation were carried out using numerical modelling. Georadar and electrical resistivity tomography data provided the basis for gravity modelling, the results of which enabled confirmation of the presence of fractured zones. This had not been directly possible from the measured microgravimetric curve.
Reverse time migration: introducing a new imaging technique for ultrasonic measurements in civil engineering
Authors: Grohmann Maria , Müller Sabine , Niederleithinger Ernst , Sieber Sarah 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTUltrasonic echo testing is widely used in non‐destructive testing in civil engineering to investigate concrete structures, to measure thickness, and to locate and characterise built‐in components or inhomogeneities. Currently, synthetic aperture focusing techniques are mostly used for imaging. These algorithms are highly developed but have some limitations. For example, it is not possible to image the lower boundary of built‐in components like tendon ducts or vertical reflectors. We adopted reverse time migration for non‐destructive testing in civil engineering in order to improve the imaging of complicated structures in concrete. By using the entire wavefield, including waves reflected more than once, there are fewer limitations compared to synthetic aperture focusing technique algorithms. As a drawback, the required computation is significantly higher than that for the techniques currently used.Simulations for polyamide and concrete structures showed the potential for non‐destructive testing. The simulations were followed by experiments at a polyamide specimen. Here, having acquired almost noise‐free measurement data to test the algorithm, we were able to determine the shape and size of boreholes with sufficient accuracy. After these successful tests, we performed experiments at a reinforced concrete foundation slab. We obtained information from the data by reverse time migration, which was not accessible by traditional imaging. The imaging of the location and structure of the lower boundary of the concrete foundation slab was improved. Furthermore, vertical reflectors inside the slab were imaged clearly, and more flaws were found. It has been shown that reverse time migration is a step forward in ultrasonic testing in civil engineering.
A multi‐disciplinary characterisation of Heath Steele belt deposits, Bathurst Mining Camp: a basis for identifying new targets for the exploration
Authors: Biondo Ribeiro Vanessa , Maria Mantovani Marta Silvia 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough the Bathurst Mining Camp has been explored for more than 40 years, high‐resolution airborne geophysical survey has led to the detection of several new volcanogenic massive sulphide occurrences in the region. The discovery of these concealed exploration targets depended directly on the knowledge of the multi‐parameter signature of the major deposits and the search for the repeatability of these signatures in other regions. The Heath Steele B deposit, within the southern part of the Bathurst Mining Camp, together with an associated magnetite‐rich iron formation and adjacent tuffaceous sedimentary rocks, produced strong, co‐extensive magnetic and conductivity anomalies. However, the strong anomalies observed in the geophysical data can be related to non‐mineralised lithology such as mafic dykes or graphite. So a direct identification of exploration targets using geophysical data only can be difficult. For this reason, the joint interpretation of geophysical and geochemical signature can considerably improve the identification of new deposits. Using these techniques, we identify three new possible targets, characterised by local magnetic and apparent conductive highs. Two of these areas are located in the Heath Steele belt, and their geochemistry has been studied in detail. The proximity of these targets (less than 1.5 km) from known occurrences of hydrothermal sediments (magnetite, siderite, and stilpnomelane) confirms their exploration potential. The fourth identified area is most likely associated with a regional anomaly related to an unmapped ferromagnetic structure and was earlier disregarded as a possible target. The joint interpretation of geophysical and geochemical data allowed us to identify two new targets for exploration and to exclude one area interpreted as associated with a regional anomaly. Therefore, the search parameters (physical proprieties and hydrothermal sediment geochemical pattern distribution) are established with a success index of 75%. The index was limited by the absence of geochemistry data over the third target. The procedure presented in this paper can be used to search for new targets elsewhere in the Bathurst area and even in other base metal regions.
Inversion of borehole magnetic data for prospecting deep‐buried minerals in areas with near‐surface magnetic distortions: a case study from the Daye iron‐ore deposit in Hubei, central China
Authors: Liu Shuang , Hu Xiangyun , Cai Jianchao , Li Jianhui , Shan Chunling , Wei Wei , Han Qi , Liu Yajun 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSignificant near‐surface magnetic distortions and weakly magnetic responses complicate the interpretation of surface magnetic data and compound difficulties associated with the prospecting of deep‐buried orebodies in old mines, such as the Daye iron‐ore deposit. To address this problem, we used three‐component borehole magnetic measurements from multiple drillholes to evaluate a magnetisation inversion approach that incorporates these data to obtain magnetisation intensity distributions. The magnetisation direction was estimated from rock and ore sample magnetic property measurements. Linear optimisation problem equations were solved using the pre‐conditioned conjugate gradient algorithm. Tests on two‐dimensional synthetic data returned favourable results. In the case study of the Daye iron‐ore deposit, several concealed magnetite orebodies were discovered using three‐component borehole magnetic measurements. Two‐dimensional magnetisation inversion for borehole magnetic data indicated that magnetic sources were located at the contact zones between the diorite and marble rocks, as verified by other drillings. A three‐component borehole magnetic survey shows advantages of moving away from shallow interferences and containing important additional information compared with a surface total field and provides a feasible approach to explore deep‐buried and concealed minerals in areas with strong near‐surface distortions.
Advanced processing for UHR3D shallow marine seismic surveys
Authors: Duarte Henrique , Wardell Nigel , Monrigal Olivier 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTTraditionally, commercial ultra‐high‐resolution 3D multichannel seismic surveys have used sources with relatively low‐frequency content (up to 600 Hz) with corresponding relatively low resolution. The new generation of multi‐tip sparkers, however, utilising negative discharge technology, is able to produce repeatable high‐frequency signals (above 2.5 kHz) with the potential to image hundreds of metres of the shallow stratigraphy at < 50 cm vertical resolution. These sources would be especially suited to ultra‐high‐resolution 3D studies such as the foundations of wind turbines installations for offshore wind farms.However, simple downsizing of conventional processing sequences, designed for sources of significantly lower frequency content, is not enough. To preserve the signal properties of the sparker source and produce accurately positioned seismic images, new strategies are needed. The implementation of processing solutions that accurately determine source and receiver depths for all shots is also paramount to correctly reduce the data to the desired vertical datum.A basic methodology for deriving geometry and shot corrections for wave motion and tides from the 3D data themselves has already been demonstrated. With Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) navigation available on both source and streamers and the correct integration of the seismic recording and positioning systems, this concept has been further developed and refined to be more precise. Being able to derive components of the streamer position and depth is of great importance for effective broadband processing from the slanting streamers that are deployed in acquisition. New procedures and processing techniques have been developed, and their efficacy is demonstrated on case studies of recently acquired 2D and 3D multichannel data.
Substrate‐sensitive relationships of dielectric permittivity and water content: implications for moisture sounding
Authors: Owenier Frank , Hornung Jens , Hinderer Matthias 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTDielectric permittivity is a fundamental parameter for all investigations based on electromagnetic waves, particularly for moisture sounding. However, the physical principles of dielectric permittivity in natural materials and its influence on propagation velocity, the reflection coefficient, and the decay of the electromagnetic waves have been rarely addressed for variable substrate compositions or frequencies. Hence, this paper aims to fill this gap by systematically investigating quantitative relationships between dielectric permittivity and soil water content for a continuum of the three most common soil components in moderately temperate humid latitudes (i.e., illite, carbonate, and quartz‐rich sand). We carried out frequency‐dependent permittivity measurements for a large variety of artificial and natural substrates with an impedance analyser at frequencies ranging from 10 MHz to 1 GHz. Based on these measurements, we selected 200 MHz as the most commonly used frequency value for geological, ground‐penetrating radar applications and developed a set of empirical equations from third‐degree and ternary factorial diagrams to quantify the relationship between dielectric permittivity and volumetric moisture content of pure sand, clay, carbonate, and mixtures. The results show systematic trends, which can be explained by competing electrophysical properties of minerals and their wetting behaviour. This investigation shows that different wetting affinities of 1:1 and 2:1 clay minerals strongly control permittivity. Thresholds and non‐linearity effects were identified, where specific mineral properties and/or wetting processes became dominant in complex mixtures of soil materials. Bulk densities and porosities, respectively, were shown to have only minor influence compared with the impact of water. Consequently, the presented method is applicable to both undisturbed and disordered samples and, hence, to mobile devices or permanent installations in the field after compositional laboratory or onsite analyses. The permittivity of natural soils was measured in two field studies. The results show a good correlation between calculated and measured moisture contents. Our study confirms that the widely used Topp equation is only valid for sandy soil materials, i.e., the soil types it was originally designed for. For soils with a clay content >30% and/or a moisture level >20%, the new equations reduce the error in the level of permittivity measurements from up to 20% (using the Topp equation) to 5%.
An analytical membrane‐polarization model to predict the complex conductivity signature of immiscible liquid hydrocarbon contaminants
Authors: Bücker Matthias , Flores Orozco Adrián , Hördt Andreas , Kemna Andreas 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTAn analytical membrane‐polarization model is developed to predict the frequency‐dependent complex conductivity of hydrocarbon‐contaminated sediments. In the absence of hydrocarbon contaminants, the effect of membrane polarization can be approximated using a recently developed analytical model, which describes the pore space as a sequence of two cylindrical pores of different lengths and radii. Different cation and anion concentrations in the electrical double layer at the pore wall lead to an ion‐selective behaviour causing the membrane‐polarization effect. This model can readily be adjusted to account for a wetting liquid hydrocarbon covering the pore wall. To model the effect of non‐wetting hydrocarbon, we extend the analytical model by introducing a second cylindrical body into the cylindrical pores that represents a discrete droplet of the contaminant phase. In order to account for the high electrical resistivity of liquid hydrocarbons, the corresponding volumes are assumed to be electrically insulating. Because most liquid hydrocarbon surfaces are negatively charged when in contact with an electrolyte, they are covered by a second electrical double layer, which can easily be incorporated into the analytical model. We use our extended model to study the effect of varying saturations of wetting and non‐wetting hydrocarbon on the complex electrical conductivity of the pore system. Our results predict that conductivity magnitude and conductivity phase generally decrease with hydrocarbon saturation. However, if the surface potential at the surface of non‐wetting hydrocarbon droplets is larger than the one at the pore wall, we can observe an increase in the conductivity magnitude with the hydrocarbon saturation and a slight increase in the conductivity phase at intermediate hydrocarbon concentrations. This finding is particularly interesting as it offers a possible explanation for the relation between complex conductivity and hydrocarbon saturation observed in different field and laboratory experiments.
Pratique du terrain et expérience des textes : une perspective africaine
Authors: Garnier Xavier 
Published: September 2019

L’approche anthropologique des textes est-elle un moyen d’en faire advenir leur poéticité ? Telle est la question à laquelle j’essaie de répondre. Parce qu’elle sont à la croisée de l’anthropologie et de la littérature, les notions de « terrain » et d’« expérience » me semblent très utiles pour envisager l’approche des textes dits littéraires dans la perspective d’une poétique véritablement décentrée, ou décolonisée.
La réforme de la pédagogie universitaire au Danemark : le cas de l’apprentissage par problèmes
Authors: Dahl Bettina , Egelund Holgaard Jette 
Published: September 2019

Depuis sa création, l’université d’Alborg au Danemark met en pratique l’apprentissage par projets et par problèmes (APP ou « problem based learning »). Si le modèle APP a évolué au fil du temps, tous les programmes de l’université sont fondés sur les principes partagés de l’APP, selon lesquels l’étudiant travaille sur un problème fondé sur des projets faisant appel à la théorie pour résoudre ou expliquer un problème authentique, et contextualiser ainsi le savoir disciplinaire. L’université met fortement l’accent sur la formation en APP des étudiants comme des professeurs, ainsi que sur un fort axe de recherche en matière d’APP. Il s’agit d’une approche systémique qui met en valeur un apprentissage actif, collaboratif et centré sur l’étudiant.
Antične ideje za sodobne družbe? Globalizacija konfucijanstva
Authors: Rošker Jana S. 
Published: September 2019

Pričujoča številka revije Ars & Humanitas obravnava razvoj konfucijanstva v Vzhodni Aziji in v svetu. Osredotočena je na vprašanja, povezana z etičnimi in filozofskimi osnovami konfucijanske modernizacije in z raziskavami, ki obravnavajo te osnove.
Tine Germ: Smrt kraljuje povsod in bela Smrt triumfira: Valvasorjevo Prizorišče človeške smrti v evropskem kontekstu
Authors: Vidmar Luka 
Published: September 2019

Tine Germ: Smrt kraljuje povsod in bela Smrt triumfira: Valvasorjevo Prizorišče človeške smrti v evropskem kontekstuLjubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani, 2015, 176 strani, 68 ilustracijUmetnostni zgodovinar Tine Germ je v zadnjih letih Valvasorjevemu delu Theatrum mortis humanae tripartitum iz leta 1682 posvetil vrsto raziskav, njihove ugotovitve pa je leta 2015 razširil in povezal še v monografijo Smrt kraljuje povsod in bela Smrt triumfira. Raziskave so bile vsekakor potrebne: Prizorišče človeške smrti je bilo namreč do tedaj v slovenski umetnostni, literarni in kulturni zgodovini kljub pomembnosti avtorja in kljub primerljivosti z najkvalitetnejšimi sorodnimi deli iz drugih evropskih dežel skoraj prezrto ali vsaj zelo pomanjkljivo obravnavano. Raziskave so bile tudi uspešne: prvič so prinesle poglobljeno ikonografsko analizo omenjenega polihistorjevega dela in prvič obširneje opisale njegovo mesto v sočasni evropski likovni in literarni umetnosti. Iz uvoda k monografiji Smrt kraljuje povsod in bela Smrt triumfira je jasno razvidno, da je bilo to mogoče najprej zato, ker je avtor kritično dekonstruiral tradicionalne paradigme, zlasti (umetnostnih ali literarnih) »centrov« oziroma »obrobij«, pa tudi (slogovne ali idejne) »naprednosti« oziroma »zaostalosti«, ki so v humanističnih vedah ovirale in v določeni meri še vedno ovirajo neobremenjeno raziskovanje del, kakršno je Prizorišče človeške smrti. Germova monografija nas tako že na začetku implicitno opozarja, da čaka na temeljitejšo znanstveno obravnavo še veliko umetniških in literarnih del, nastalih na Slovenskem v srednjem in zgodnjem novem veku, ki smo jih puščali ob strani zaradi različnih predsodkov, oblikovanih v 19. in 20. stoletju.