bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Cucumis callous (Rottl.) Cong Underutilization Vegetable
Authors: Vaghasiya Shraddha , Ishnava Kalpesh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Cucumis callosus is a member of the cucumber family and widely many regions of world for its underutilization vegetable and medicinal purposes. The present study focuses on assess biological activity of different extracts and evaluate the presence of phytochemicals through qualitative tests. Fruit powder extracted in soxhlet extractor using different organic solvent (Chloroform, Ethanol, Methanol, Petroleum ether). All four extracts study the anti- inflammatory activity, in vitro alpha – amylase inhibitory activity, anthelmintic activity and antibacterial activity. The qualitative analysis of different organic solvent extracts evaluated. Four different organic solvent out of this methanol solvent extract give comparatively show better biological. activity in protein denaturation and alpha – Amylase. C. callosus extracts have demonstrated significant alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, which could be useful in the management of diabetes. Methanolic extracts have shown potential anthelmintic activity against various intestinal parasites, which could be useful in the treatment of parasitic infections. Fruit extracts have exhibited antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains, which could be beneficial in the treatment of bacterial infections. All organic solvent presents the alkaloid, phenol and Tannins. The presence of these phytochemicals in the plant extract may contribute to their curing of disease. The present bioactive compounds in C. callosus it may be potential therapeutic properties make it a promising candidate for the development of new natural medicines for various diseases and conditions. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and cytotoxicity of C. callosus extracts.
Molecular docking and dynamics as a tool to study benzimidazole resistance in helminths: A scoping review
Authors: Tenorio Jan Clyden 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Benzimidazole (BZ) resistance remains an emerging grave concern in helminths of public and veterinary health concerns. Resistance against BZ drugs is due to mutations that change the amino acid comprising the β-tubulin protein, which negatively affects its interactions with BZ drug molecules. Several in silico modeling studies have been published to decipher the precise mechanism of BZ resistance, but inconsistencies on the resistance consequence mutations confer and the effect of different BZ ligands have led to further confusion regarding the exact mechanism of resistance. Hence, this scoping review was done to unravel the mechanism of BZ resistance based on published research on molecular docking and dynamics.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted in ScienceDirect, MEDLINE via PubMed and Scopus using the search term “Benzimidazole Resistance AND Beta Tubulin AND Molecular Docking”. A total of 37 hits were recovered and from these 6 were included after selection, inclusion, and risk of bias assessment.
Results: The six research papers included in this review studied several helminth species: Haemonchus conturtos, Trichinella spiralis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Necator americanus, Trichuris trichiura, Trichuris suis, Anisakis simplex, Ascaris suum, Ascaridia galli, Parascaris equorum, Toxocara canis, and Fasciola hepatica. The benzimidazole resistance-associated mutations studied included F167Y (TTC, TTT → TAC, TAT), E198A (GAG, GAA → GCG, GCA), and F200Y (TTC, TTT → TAC, TAT). The results show that the E198A can markedly reduce the binding affinity of BZ ligand-β-tubulin interactions. The F167Y and F200Y also showed a similar effect that could vary based on the helminth species. The F200Y mutation can alter the conformation of the β-tubulin active site, negatively affecting drug binding.
Conclusion: While the impact of these mutations can vary depending on the specific helminth species and the BZ drug involved, the overall findings highlight the importance of targeting these residues for the development of novel anthelmintic strategies to address emerging drug resistance.
The association between urban land demarcation and household food insecurity among formal and informal settlements in southernDurban city, KwaZulu Natal
Authors: Ngema-Msomi Primrose Z. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The study assessed the association between urban land demarcation and household food insecurity in three neighborhoods: the Malukazi (MIS), Uganda Informal Settlements (UIS) and Isipingo Hills (IH) formal settlements. Ninety households were interviewed, stratified into 30. The findings were that 80% of the Malukazi informal settlements and 66% of the Uganda Transit Camp respondents indicated that the development of vegetable gardens would sustain household food security. However, both areas were dissatisfied with their housing designs and landsizes, especially the Reconstruction Development Plan (RDP) vicinity and shack dwellings, further indicating that land scarcity hinders the development of vegetable gardens. Furthermore, household food insecurity was the result of a high employment rate and low income, some of which were solely dependent on social grants. Constantly opting for scrap sales to boost their income and own less than 3x3 m2 of space. In contrast, IHs were satisfied with their employment opportunities, had incomes above R4000 and had acceptable housing and land. The results revealed a wide gap in living standards among the three neighborhoods. The household food consumption score indicated that the MIS was classified as food insecurity or poor (0 to 21) (66%). Individuals with UIS (poor [0 to 21] [53%] consumed 3 of the 8 food groups according to the household dietary diversity score. Isipingo Hills had borderline scores ranging from 21.5 to 35 (56%), and 33% had acceptable scores (35). Negative findings indicated weak institutional support and inappropriate government policies, resulting in severe food insecurity and housing dissatisfaction. The government should address land inequality issues and increase the involvement of poor urban households in government food security programmes to stabilize urban food security.
Effect of Emissivity on Wall Temperature of Air Frames
Authors: KARTHIK MURI VENKATESWARA 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study explores the influence of emissivity on the surface temperature of airframes under transient thermal conditions, employing ANSYS APDL for simulation. The research is driven by the critical need for effective thermal management in airframes, which are essential structural components in aerospace and automotive industries. The analysis was conducted on a hollow steel airframe with an external diameter of 250 mm, an internal diameter of 248 mm, and a length of 300 mm. The model was discretized using solid-8 node 70 element, with a mesh size of 1 mm. A constant heat flux of 10,000 W/m² was applied to the airframe’s wall over a period of 300 seconds, with a time step of 1 second, to simulate the heat transfer conditions. The study systematically varied the emissivity from 0.05 to 1, in increments of 0.05, to assess its impact on the airframe's surface temperature. Results indicate a clear inverse relationship between emissivity and surface temperature. As emissivity increases, the airframe's ability to emit thermal radiation improves, leading to a significant reduction in surface temperature. This effect is particularly pronounced at higher emissivity values, where a substantial decrease in surface temperature was observed. The findings underscore the pivotal role of emissivity in thermal management. Airframes with higher emissivity demonstrate enhanced heat dissipation capabilities, which is critical for maintaining structural integrity under high thermal loads. The study provides valuable insights for the design and optimization of airframes, particularly in applications where precise thermal regulation is essential. By selecting materials with appropriate emissivity characteristics, engineers can achieve superior thermal performance, thereby improving the safety, durability, and efficiency of airframes in demanding operational environments.
Effectiveness of Composite Ayurveda Regimen in a Black Box Design for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Protocol of a Single Arm, Community-Based Study
Authors: Makhija Deepa , Mata Sunita , Sharma Abha , Kachare Kalpana , Manathottathil Aparna , Jain Seema , Jameela Sophia , Rao Bhogavalli Chandrasekhara , Rana Rakesh , Tripathi Arunabh , Rana Kiran , Joshi Vandana , Singh Anukampa , Srikanth Narayanam , Acharya Rabinarayan 
Published: November 2024

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects joints and can have extra-articular manifestations. RA usually tends to be progressive and leads to substantial health care burdens, both in terms of disability and economic costs. Despite the various treatment modalities available, there is still an urgent need for safe and effective medicine based on the pattern of disease presentation. The increasing interest in complementary and alternative medicine has created a demand for extensive research in this area.

Objective
This clinical study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of a composite Ayurveda regimen in RA.

Methods
The study is a single-arm (pre-post design), community-based interventional study with a black box design being conducted at 6 study centers. A total of 240 participants aged between 18 and 65 years, diagnosed with RA as per the 2010 American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism criteria are recruited as per the selection criteria. All the participants received Ayush-SG and Rasnasaptak Kashaya for 84 days along with customized treatment as per the disease presentation and associated complaints. The outcome measures include the change in disease activity score (DAS)-28 with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, disease-specific biochemical and inflammatory markers, Disability Index score, change in the participant’s assessment of pain and frequency of use of conventional analgesics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from baseline. The tolerability of interventions is assessed through the occurrence of adverse events. Categorical variables will be analyzed with McNemar chi-square test, and continuous variables will be assessed using the paired t test or Wilcoxon test for pre-post assessment. The level of significance will be 5%.

Results
The recruitment of participants was initiated in December 2023. The participant recruitment was completed in March 2024 and out of 240 participants enrolled, 222 (92.5%) completed the study up to the last follow-up. Data verification, compilation, and analysis are under process. After data analysis, the study’s findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusions
This interventional study that incorporates the black box approach may provide a strong framework for managing RA. This design is a more reliable method for evaluating the effectiveness and tolerability of the composite Ayurveda regimen in RA.

Trial Registration
Clinical Trial Registry-India CTRI/2023/06/054203; https://tinyurl.com/4prvwr6z

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/57918
Fracture in Association with Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients with CKD and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Khan Nazleen F. , Kim Seoyoung C. , Lee Su Been , Bykov Katsiaryna , Paik Julie M. 
Published: November 2024

Key Points

In patients with CKD and atrial fibrillation, we observed no difference in the rates of fracture between initiators of direct oral anticoagulant and warfarin.However, direct oral anticoagulant use relative to warfarin was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality.

Background
Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use has been associated with a lower risk of adverse events relative to warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Little is known about the risk of fracture in association with anticoagulant therapy in patients with CKD.

Methods
We conducted a new user, active comparator cohort study in a United States-based commercial claims database spanning 2013 through 2020 to quantify the comparative risk of fracture associated with select DOACs (apixaban or rivaroxaban) versus warfarin. Individuals were required to have International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes for CKD (stages 3–5) and atrial fibrillation during the 365-day baseline period before anticoagulant initiation. Primary analyses quantified nonvertebral fracture risk between patients initiating DOACs and warfarin using a 1:1 propensity score-matched design. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of nonvertebral fracture. Secondary analyses evaluated risks of hip fracture and all-cause mortality.

Results
The 1:1 propensity score-matched population included 14,370 DOAC initiators and 14,370 warfarin initiators. The mean age at anticoagulant initiation was 77 years, and 45% were female. The HR for nonvertebral fracture comparing DOACs with warfarin was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.32), and the corresponding incidence rate difference per 1000 person-years was 3.55 (95% CI, −1.67 to 8.76). The HR and incidence rate difference comparing DOACs with warfarin were 0.98 (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.41) and −0.13 (95% CI, −2.52 to 2.25), respectively, for hip fracture and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.98) and −17.23 (95% CI, −29.49 to −4.96), respectively, for all-cause mortality.

Conclusions
In patients with CKD and atrial fibrillation, we did not observe a difference in the rates of fracture between DOAC and warfarin initiators. DOAC use relative to warfarin was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2025_01_23_CJASN_Jan2011232025.mp3
A Comparative Study of Frame Construction in Chinese and Western English News Headline - with the Murder Case of a Junior High School Student in Handan, Hebei as an Example
Authors: Wu Aiqi 
Published: November 2024

Based on framing theory and appraisal theory, this paper explores how headlines in English reports from both China and Western Countries shape audiences’ perceptions and opinions. It compares the differences in the frames of 44 reports on the murder case of a junior high school student in Handan City, Hebei Province at three levels: high, medium, and low. The high-level frame analysis includes news type, length, presentation, and source. Medium-level frame analysis centers on the use of different structures, including main events, previous events, history, results, impact, attribution, and evaluation. The low-level frame study analyzes categories and evaluative resources of the headlines. Significant differences are found between the reports by Chinese media and foreign media mainly in their presentation, sources, medium-level structures, and headline categories.
Activation of the HPA Axis Does Not Explain Nonresponsiveness to GLP-1R Agonist Treatment in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tokgöz Sevilay , Boss Marti , Jansen Theodorus J.P. , Meijer Rick , Frielink Cathelijne , van Bon Arianne C. , Tack Cees J. , de Galan Bastiaan E. , Gotthardt Martin 
Published: November 2024

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists fail to reduce weight or improve glucose control in a sizable minority of individuals with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by GLP-1R agonists, thus inducing cortisol secretion, could explain this unresponsiveness to GLP-1R agonists. To assess the effects of GLP-1R agonist treatment on the HPA axis, we selected 10 individuals with type 2 diabetes with (n = 5 women and 5 men) and nine without (n = 4 and 5) an adequate response to GLP-1R agonists and used [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 positron emission tomography/computed tomography to quantify GLP-1R expression in the pituitary. Oral glucose tolerance and 24-h urinary cortisol excretion were measured in all participants. Pituitary tracer uptake was observed in all participants, with no significant difference between responders and nonresponders. Pituitary tracer uptake correlated with the area under the curve for ACTH, urinary cortisol-to-creatinine ratio, and age. Interestingly, men had higher pituitary tracer uptake than women. In conclusion, this study does not indicate a role for pituitary GLP-1R expression or HPA axis stimulation in the difference in treatment response to GLP-1R agonists among individuals with type 2 diabetes. The findings of substantial pituitary GLP-1R expression and the significant sex differences require further research.

Article Highlights
It is unclear why some individuals with type 2 diabetes are unresponsive to treatment with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, but hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation could play a role. We used [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 positron emission tomography/computed tomography to compare pituitary GLP-1R expression between responders and nonresponders to treatment with GLP-1R agonists. Pituitary GLP-1R expression and HPA axis activation did not differ between responders and nonresponders to GLP-1R agonist treatment. In addition, pituitary radiolabeled exendin uptake was markedly higher in men than in women. Further study is required to explain treatment differences and understand sex differences in pituitary radiolabeled exendin uptake.
THE iAPPLICATION iOF iTHE iPROBLEM iBASED iLEARNING iTO iTHE iLEARNING iOUTCOMES iOF iJUNIOR iHIGH iSCHOOL iSTUDENT
Authors: Pohan Murtiana , Arif Khairil 
Published: November 2024

The ilearning ioutcomes iof istudents iat iSMP iin iscience isubjects ihave inot ireached ithe iMinimum iCompleteness iCriteria i(KKM). iThe imethod iused ito iovercome ithese iproblems iis iby iapplying ithe iProblem iBased iLearning i(PBL) imodel. iThis istudy iaims ito idetermine iwhether ithe i(PBL) imodel ihas ian ieffect ion istudent ioutcomes iin ithe imaterial iof iadditives iand iaddictive isubstances iat iSMPN. iThis itype iof iresearch iis iQuasi iExperiment. iThe iresearch idesign iused iwas ithe iNon iEquivalent iControl iGroup iDesign. iThe isampling itechnique iis iPurposive iSampling. iThe isample ias ithe ieperimental iclass iis iVIII.A iusing ithe iPBL imodel iwhile ithe isample ias ithe icontrol iclass iis iVIII.B iusing ithe idirect ilearning imodel. iThe iresearch iinstrument iwas ia iwritten itest, inamely imultiple ichoice iquestions. iData iwere ianalyzed iusing ithe iNormality iTest, iHomogeneity iTest, iT-Test iand iN-Gain iTest. iThe iresult iof ithe icalculation iof ithe iT-Test iis ithat ithe ivalue iof itcount i= i4.736308 iand ithe ivalue iof ittable i= i2.019541, itcount ithat i> ittable, ithus iH0 iis irejected iand iH1 iis iaccepted. iThe iconclusion iof ithe iresearch iis ithat ithere iis ian ieffect iof ithe iPBL ilearning imodel ion ithe ilearning ioutcomes iof iclass iVIII istudents iin ithe imaterial iof iadditives iand iaddictive isubstances iat iSMP.

Keywords: iPBL, iAdditif iAnd iAddictive, i iLearning iOutcomes
THE INFLUENCE OF PROBLEM SOLVING LEARNING STRATEGIES ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOES SMPN.15 KOTA PADANG
Authors: Syah Adek Fakhri , Arif Khairil , Muttaqiin Arief , Oktavia Rani 
Published: November 2024

The development of the times requires every country to have rapid progress. Good education produces quality human resources. The influence of education plays a very important role in the human resources produced. Education continues to change according to the times. Innovation continues to be carried out in order to provide better quality education, both in learning models and learning strategies. Learning carried out by schools does not only focus on models but must choose the right strategy where students are trained to independently seek and find solutions to each problem found in learning. One strategy that can be applied in learning is problem solving learning strategies.
Type of Quasi-Experimental research or quasi-experimental research. This Quasi Experimental Research aims to see whether or not there is an effect of giving certain treatments to the study group. The research design that will be used is a Pretest-Posttest control group design. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The sample consisted of an experimental class applying problem solving learning strategies and a control class applying conventional learning models.
Based on hypothesis testing which has been carried out with the help of Microsoft Excel using the U test technique with a significance level of 5%. The obtained values ​​for are -4.67 and -1.96. Then H₁ is accepted and H₀ is rejected. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the use of problem solving learning strategies influences the learning outcomes of students at SMP Negeri 15 Padang City.
IDENTIFICATION OF STUDENT INTEREST IN LEARNING AT SMP N 25 PADANG
Authors: Helmi Dira Luckya , Muttaqiin Arief 
Published: November 2024

Science learning at this time is one of the lessons that according to some students is classified as fun and there are also some who think science is a difficult lesson. On this basis, this study aims to identify students' interest in learning at SMP N 25 Padang. This research is a descriptive research. The research subjects were class VIII students. The data of this study were obtained through questionnaires distributed to VIII grade students of SMP N 25 Padang. The questionnaire data was analyzed with descriptive statistics. After reviewing several previous studies, it shows that if the learning design is adjusted to students' learning interests, then learning can run optimally. The results of this study show that students prefer the group discussion method in learning. In addition, students also feel more active when given challenging questions. Then, students feel interested in learning science if there are practicum activities (experiments) in it.
Phylogenetic analysis in silico of orchid species Dendrobium based on rbcl marker
Authors: Febriansyah Muhammad , Mahfut  
Published: November 2024

Dendrobium is one of the genera of the third largest Orchidaceae family which reaches about 1184 species in the world. In Indonesia, this genus of orchids is a wealth of genetic resources that are abundant in the Eastern region, such as Papua and Maluku. These genetic resources have not been optimally utilized as elders in crossbreeding to produce offspring that have characteristics according to what consumers want. Due to the limitations of these morphological characteristics, another character is needed that can support the systematics of orchids, namely molecular characters. Plant kinship analysis can use molecular characters in the form of DNA strands that can overcome the weaknesses of morphological data that are known to have limitations and tend to be influenced by the environment. This study aims to analyze the kinship of several types of Dendrobium based on the rbcL gene and add to the basic data source of germplasm from the genus Dendrobium. The samples used were nucleotide sequences of 11 nucleotide sequences consisting of 10 types of Dendrobium (D. anosmum, D. jinghuanum, D. catenatum, D. nobile, D. jenkinsii, D. pahangense, D. nobile, D. pulchellum, D. fimbriatum, and D. pulchellum) which is used as an in group and 1 species of the genus Phalaenopsis namely Phalaenopsis equestris which is used as an outgroup. The results of Dendrobium kinship analysis with an in silico based rbcL gene molecular approach show that species in the same genus are not necessarily closely related. The species that is a member of the out group is Phalaenopsis equestris,. Phalaenopsis equestris forms its own tree branches, while the other 10 species are on the same phylogeny tree branches.