bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Nutrient Foramina in Human Typical Long Bones of Lower Limb
Authors: Parmar Ajay , Maheria Pankaj , Shah Kanan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and Aim Nutrient foramina form important landmarks on human bones as they form portal of entry for nutrient artery. Nutrient artery is an important source of blood supply for a growing bone. Different parameters of nutrient foramina are important in various procedures such as vascularized bone grafting, tumor resections, fracture repair, and other surgical procedures in orthopedics. The objective of the present study was to report the number, position, direction, size, and foraminal index of nutrient foramen in the femur, tibia, and fibula.
Materials and Methods The present study analyzed the location, direction, size, and the number of nutrient foramina in the diaphysis of 180 long bones of the lower limbs of adults: 60 femurs, 60 tibiae, and 60 fibulae.
Result The location of the nutrient foramina is predominant on the posterior aspect of the lower limb long bones. Single nutrient foramen found in the tibia (100%), femur (48.3%), and fibula (60%) may represent as a single source of blood supply. The majority of the femur (50%) and few fibulae (5%) had a double nutrient foramen. The mean foraminal index for the lower limb bones was 40.5% for the left and 38.2% for the right side of the femur, 31.69% for the left and 32.3% for the right side of the tibia, and 32.7% for the left and 31.7% for the right side of the fibula.
Conclusion The present study provides information on the number, size, position, and direction of nutrient foramina of the femur, tibia, and fibula bones.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Parental Stress: Findings from a National, Prospective TSC Surveillance Study
Authors: Ebrahimi-Fakhari Daniel , Hussong Justine , Flotats-Bastardas Marina , Ebrahimi-Fakhari Darius , Zemlin Michael , von Gontard Alexander , Meyer Sascha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aim To assess the role of the TAND (tuberous sclerosis complex [TSC] associated neuropsychiatric disorders) checklist as a screening tool for neuropsychiatric pathology, to evaluate behavioral and psychiatric symptoms and related parental stress in children with TSC, and to analyze associations between parental stress, TAND findings, and TSC pathology.
Method This is a prospective cohort study including 22 individuals from a national TSC surveillance study in Germany using demographic and clinical data, the TAND checklist, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI).
Results Mean (standard deviation) age at follow-up was 4 years (3 years 9 months), and 13/22 of patients were male. Seventeen children had epilepsy (focal: 9; generalized: 4; infantile spasms: 4). Developmental delay was diagnosed in 12/22 patients. The most prevalent TAND items were anxiety and mood swings in 10/22 children. At least one TAND item was reported by 17/22 patients, internalizing symptoms by 10/22, and externalizing symptoms by 11/22. In contrast, only one patient had a clinically relevant score in the CBCL scales. Of 22 parents, 12 reported clinically relevant parental stress due to both child and parenting factors. Higher total parental stress was associated with a higher TAND externalizing score (r = 0.49; p = 0.028) and TAND total score (r = 0.51; p = 0.016), a higher CBCL total score (r = 0.59; p = 0.005), and the number of antiepileptic drugs (r = 0.50; p = 0.017). Developmental delay was correlated with child stress factors (r = 0.48; p = 0.023).
Interpretation The TAND checklist appears to be a promising screening tool for neuropsychiatric problems in very young children with TSC. Parental stress in children with TSC is modified by TSC-related pathology, both neuropsychiatric and neurological.
Improved Population-Based Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation by Compliance with the Simple ABC (Atrial Fibrillation Better Care) Pathway for Integrated Care Management: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Yoon Minjae , Yang Pil-Sung , Jang Eunsun , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Kim Jong-Youn , Sung Jung-Hoon , Pak Hui-Nam , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Joung Boyoung , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: July 2019

Background An integrated care approach might be of benefit for clinical outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study evaluated whether compliance with the Atrial fibrillation Better Care (ABC) pathway for integrated care management (“A” Avoid stroke; “B” Better symptom management; “C” Cardiovascular risk and Comorbidity optimization) would improve population-based clinical outcomes in a nationwide AF cohort.
Methods and Results From the Korea National Health Insurance Service database, a total of 204,842 nonvalvular AF patients were enrolled between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015. Patients that fulfilled all criteria of the ABC pathway were defined as the “ABC” group, and those who did not were the “Non-ABC” group.Over a mean follow-up of 6.2 ± 3.5 years, the ABC pathway compliant group had lower rates of all-cause death (0.80 vs. 2.72 per 100 person-years, p < 0.001) and the composite outcome of “death, ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and myocardial infarction” (2.34 vs. 5.92 per 100 person-years, p < 0.001) compared with the Non-ABC compliant group. Adjusted Cox multivariable regression showed that the ABC group had a significantly lower risk of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78–0.86) and the composite outcome (adjusted HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83–0.89). With the increasing numbers of ABC pathway criteria fulfilled, the risk of all-cause death and composite outcome were progressively lowered.
Conclusion In the first study of a nationwide population cohort, we show that compliance with the simple ABC pathway is associated with improved clinically relevant outcomes of patients with AF. Given the high health care burden associated with AF, such a streamlined holistic approach to AF management should be implemented, to improve the care of such patients.
Meiotic viral attenuation through an ancestral apoptotic pathway
Authors: Gao Jie , Chau Sabrina , Chowdhury Fuad , Zhou Tina , Hossain Saif , McQuibban G. Angus , Meneghini Marc D. 
Published: July 2019

Significance
A hypothesis for the paradoxical evolution of programmed cell death posits that suicide mechanisms were co-opted from processes that were originally pro-survival. Here we show that meiotically programmed mitochondrial release of the Endonuclease G (EndoG) homolog Nuc1 occurs during sporulation in budding yeast. While EndoG release is implicated in animal cell apoptotic death, we find that Nuc1 release is pro-survival, protecting spores from the detrimental consequences of unrestrained viral expression.
Two modes ofcis-activation of switch transcription by theIgHsuperenhancer
Authors: Santos Joana M. , Braikia Fatima-Zohra , Oudinet Chloé , Dauba Audrey , Khamlichi Ahmed Amine 
Published: July 2019

SignificanceImmunoglobulin isotype switching plays an important role in adaptive immune responses. It requires transcription of switch regions from inducible promoters controlled by a long-range superenhancer (3′RR). Most stimuli induce more than one promoter on both chromosomes. Thus, it is unknown whether isotype (I) promoters compete for the 3′RR on the same chromosome. By performing allele-specific RT-qPCR assays, we show that the 3′RR activates promoters by either co-activation or competition and that the nature of the inducing signal plays a pivotal role in determining the activation mode. The two activation paths may have evolved to cope with different kinetics of primary immune responses.
AAV2/9-mediated overexpression of MIF inhibits SOD1 misfolding, delays disease onset, and extends survival in mouse models of ALS
Authors: Leyton-Jaimes Marcel F. , Kahn Joy , Israelson Adrian 
Published: July 2019

SignificanceALS can be caused by mutations in SOD1, which lead to the accumulation of misfolded SOD1 proteins and to the death of motor neurons. Here, we show that elevating MIF levels in the spinal cord can suppress misfolded SOD1 accumulation and aggregation and extend survival of mutant SOD1 mice. This study thus sheds light on the important implications of modulating MIF levels and provides insights regarding the potential therapeutic role of MIF in suppressing the selective accumulation of misfolded SOD1 in ALS.
基于语料库的“弄”字句的结构、语义和语用考察
Authors: Tao Hongyin , Hu Junfei 
Published: July 2019

抽象前人对“弄”字句已有大量著述，但我们基于若干口语和书面语语料库的考察发现，除了低度及物属性外，“弄”字句还有带补语结构和固化结构的显著特征。另外，“弄”字句整体呈现出论元结构简单、述语结构复杂的趋势。这两个趋势可以通过“弄”字句的非庄重性、负面情感意义、高度主观化等语用特征统一给出解释。在方法论上，本文试图为动词论元结构研究提供一个基于语料库的语用视角。
Clause type anticipation based on prosody in Mandarin
Authors: Yang Yang , Gryllia Stella , Pablos Leticia , Cheng Lisa Lai-Shen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Mandarin wh-words such as shénme are wh-indeterminates, which
can have interrogative interpretations (‘what’) or non-interrogative interpretations (i.e., ‘something’), depending on the context
and licensors. For example, when diǎnr (‘a little’) appears right in front of a wh-word, the
string can have either a wh-question or a declarative interpretation (henceforth,
wh-declarative). Yang (2018) carried out a production study and the
results showed that wh-questions and wh-declaratives have different prosodic properties. To
investigate whether and when listeners make use of prosody to anticipate the clause type (i.e., question vs. declarative), we
conducted a sentence perception study and an audio-gating experiment. Results of the perception study and the gating experiment
show that (1) Participants can make use of prosody to differentiate the two clause types; (2) Starting from the onset of the first
word of the target sentence (wh-question/wh-declarative), participants already demonstrate a
preference for the clause type that was intended by the speaker. The current study also sheds light on the clausal typing
mechanism in Mandarin (e.g., how to mark a clause as a wh-question) by providing evidence of the role of prosody
in marking clause types in Mandarin.
Dimensions of variation across American television registers
Authors: Berber Sardinha Tony , Veirano Pinto Marcia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study is to identify the dimensions of variation across American television programs, following the multidimensional analysis (MD) framework introduced byBiber (1988). Although television is a major form of mass communication, there has been no previous large-scale MD study of television dialogue. A large corpus containing the key types of contemporary American television programs was collected, annotated with theBiber tagger, and subjected to multi-dimensional analysis, which indicated four factors of statistically correlated linguistic features. Each of these factors was interpreted communicatively to reveal the underlying dimensions of variation on American television, namely “Exposition and discussion vs. Simplified interaction” (Dimension 1), “Simulated conversation” (Dimension 2), “Recount” (Dimension 3) and “Engaging presentation” (Dimension 4). This article presents, illustrates, and discusses each of these dimensions, showing the macro linguistic patterns in use across hundreds of American television programs.
The indicative vs. subjunctive alternation with expressions of possibility in Spanish
Authors: Deshors Sandra C. , Waltermire Mark 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study explores the indicative vs. subjunctive alternation in Spanish subordinate clauses following epistemic
adverbials and expressions of possibility. Anchored in semantic-pragmatic and variationist theoretical frameworks, traditional
research on mood alternation in Spanish remains largely experimental in nature. In contrast, we adopt a corpus-based
multifactorial methodology to investigate 4,199 occurrences of fourteen expressions of possibility extracted from the
Corpus del Español (e.g. caso de que, poder ser que, por si
acaso, posiblemente, etc.) annotated contextually for structural, semantic and stylistic variables.
Methodologically, we conduct an exploratory multiple correspondence analysis followed by a confirmatory binary logistic regression
to examine whether/how the linguistic contexts affect mood variation. Overall, the results indicate that previously unexplored
semantic factors (such as the inherent lexical aspect of verbs in subordinate clauses) significantly influence mood variation in
Spanish. Ultimately, our results suggest that subjunctive uses are less uniform and more prone to internal variation than
indicative uses.
Psychotherapist Interventions Coding System (PICS)
Authors: Herrero Olga , Aulet Adriana , Alves Daniela , Rosa Catarina , Botella Lluís 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to reformulate a descriptive typology previously developed with grounded theory as a result of the qualitative analysis of a good outcome case study. We developed a transtheoretical and easily usable coding system. We describe the developing process of this new coding system, which is focused on the use of language by the psychotherapist. Four researchers were discussing every stage and basing decisions on consensus. As a result, we have developed the Psychotherapist Interventions Coding System (PICS). The resultant coding system is described within 4 group of macro categories: (1) Discursive contract; (2) Facilitators of the therapeutic relationship (3) Facilitators of the client’s speech; and (4) Liberation of constraining speeches. The PICS aims to contribute to developing knowledge on research and how therapist interventions contribute within psychotherapeutic processes, acknowledge the kind of interventions therapists are using in the sessions and assist teaching on novel therapists in training programs.
Letter to a grandchild as a narrative tool of older adults’ biographical experience exploration
Authors: Tokarska Urszula , Dryll Elżbieta , Cierpka Anna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe paper purports to present a method that allows to obtain and analyze letters written by older adults to their real or imaginary grandchildren. This enables an insight into their individual life experience. The study used a narrative paradigm. Letter texts were obtained from 128 older adults from Poland, both male and female. Data was analyzed with mixed methods combining qualitative content analysis (using inductive analytical categories described in originally created Coder Completion Sheet) with frequency count. The analysis allowed a systematic description of content (themes in wisdom legacy) and the differentiation of two major formal patterns in the letters: (1) the narrative mode (storytelling); (2) the argumentative mode (legacy without narrative examples: advice, warnings, and wishes). The outcomes demonstrate the letter technique may be recommended for future research in psychology, narrative gerontology and for used in applied psychology also.
Greek women’s stories about intimate relationships
Authors: Saloustrou Vasiliki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile sociolinguistic studies of politeness and identities present many disciplinary parallels, their paths have seldom intersected (Garcés-Conejos Blitvich & Sifianou, 2017, p. 227). It is within this context that this paper uses “small stories” research (Bamberg, 2006;Georgakopoulou, 2006,2007) and identities analysis to study politeness-in-interaction (Georgakopoulou, 2013b). It particularly looks at a group of young Greek women, and focuses on their “small stories” about the tellers’ and others’ management of politeness norms in intimate relationships. A multi-method approach to data collection is used that involves both naturally-occurring narratives-in-interactions in self-recordings, and reflexive tellings in playback interviews. Drawing onGeorgakopoulou’s (2007)triptych of “ways of telling-sites-tellers”, and onBamberg’s (1997)model of positioning, the analysis illustrates the significance of politeness-related identity claims for signaling lay norms of politeness ratified by the local group of friends. It also shows how politeness construction is intertwined with the interactional fabrication of identities.
Chinese investment in the Sierra Leone telecommunications sector: international financial institutions, neoliberalism and organisational fields
Authors: van Klyton Aaron C. , Rutabayiro-Ngoga Said , Liyanage Lakmal 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The article investigates the relationship between the Sierra Leonean government and international financial institutions in financial lending for the development of the country’s telecommunications infrastructure. The authors address two interrelated topics: 1) efforts by African countries to free themselves from Western-dominated programmes of neoliberal reform exercised through lending agreements; 2) an evolving economic relationship between African countries and China, particularly with respect to an emerging form of unequal exchange, and a false sense of empowerment in negotiation by African countries. Using the organisational field as a conceptual framework in the context of neoliberalism, the authors examine the power dynamics between foreign capital and Sierra Leone to understand how these relationships are affected and transformed by the availability of China as an alternative source of investment. They find evidence to support the coexistence and interdependency of multiple organisational fields that are affected by field-level changes yielding social, political and economic consequences for all the actors.
Representation-free description of atom interferometers in time-dependent linear potentials
Authors: Zimmermann M , Efremov M A , Zeller W , Schleich W P , Davis J P , Narducci F A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this article we present a new representation-free formalism, which can significantly simplify the analysis of interferometers comprised of atoms moving in time-dependent linear potentials. We present a methodology for the construction of two pairs of time-dependent functions that, once determined, lead to two conditions for the closing of the interferometer, and determine the phase and the contrast of the resultant interference. Using this new formalism, we explore the dependency of the interferometer phase on the interferometer time T for different atom interferometers. By now, it is well established that light pulse atom interferometers of the type first demonstrated by Kasevich and Chu (1991 Phys. Rev. Lett.
67, 181–4; 1992 Appl. Phys. B 54, 321–32), henceforth referred to as Mach–Zehnder (MZ) atom interferometers, have a phase scaling as T
2. A few years ago, McDonald et al (2014 Europhys. Lett.
105, 63001) have experimentally demonstrated a novel type of atom interferometer, referred to as the continuous-acceleration bloch (CAB) interferometer, where the phase reveals a mixed scaling which is governed by a combination of T
2 and T
3. Moreover, we have recently proposed a different type of atom interferometer (Zimmermann et al 2017 Appl. Phys. B 123, 102), referred to as the T
3-interferometer, which has a pure T
3 scaling, as demonstrated theoretically. Finally, we conclude that the CAB interferometer can be shown to be a hybrid of the standard MZ interferometer and the T
3-interferometer.
Immobilization of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase on hollow fiber membrane: optimization of the immobilization parameters by response surface methodology
Authors: Jamil N , Man R C , Suhaimi S , Shaarani S M , Arshad Z I M. , Mudalip S K A , Sulaiman S Z 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) is a multifunctional industrial enzyme which undergoes cyclization reaction to converts starch into cyclodextrin. Due to their potential properties, cyclodextrin has been discovered to have numerous application in food industries, pharmaceuticals, agriculture and environmental engineering. However, the instability of the enzyme during the reaction process result in the low production of cyclodextrin. Thus, enzyme immobilization process has been used to improve the enzyme stability in order to achieve high production of cyclodextrin. In this study, CGTase from Bacillus licheniformis was immobilized on polyvinylidene difluoride hollow fiber membrane via physical adsorption. The optimization of the immobilization parameters and the performance of the immobilized CGTase were investigated. The adsorption of CGTase on hollow fiber membrane was evaluated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize enzyme immobilization by manipulating the immobilization parameters of contact time (15-33 h), immobilization pH (pH 6-8) and immobilization temperature (20-30 °C) on the immobilization yield. The optimized immobilization conditions were 24 °C of immobilization temperature, pH 6.7 and 24 h of contact time, with 88.25% of immobilization yield. Immobilization of CGTase on the hollow fiber membrane was successfully optimized and about 4.6-fold increment of immobilization yield was achieved after the optimization process. The kinetic parameters of the immobilized CGTase were 9.42 mgml−1 h−1 and 9.99 mg ml−1 for V
max and K
m value, respectively. The kinetic studies revealed that the catalytic efficiency of the immobilized CGTase was similar to the free CGTase, demonstrated that upon the immobilization process, adsorption of CGTase on hollow fiber membrane does not cause structural changes to the enzyme. Hence, immobilization of CGTase on the hollow fiber membrane substantially improved the production of cyclodextrin and suggesting that the hollow fiber membrane appeared as a suitable support for the enzyme immobilization system.
A framework of sustainability refurbishment assessment for heritage buildings in Malaysia
Authors: Wong P F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In view of the increasing initiatives of carbon emission reduction required by various countries, existing buildings often serve an important target in reducing energy consumption through building refurbishment to achieve sustainability. Nevertheless, less attention has been given to heritage buildings although previous studies claimed that energy consumption in heritage buildings can be reduced through refurbishing. How green assessment can be incorporated into heritage buildings remains unclear. Most of the existing assessment schemes focused on existing domestic and non-domestic buildings. There is lacking of a refurbishment assessment scheme targeted on heritage buildings. Hence, the aim of this study is to propose a framework that can be used to assess the refurbishment of heritage buildings which integrate the important assessment dimensions such as environmental, social, economic, heritage and conservation. This study compares eleven prominent assessment schemes such as BREEAM, LEED, BEAM Plus, CASBEE, GBLS, HQE, GBI, Green Mark, MyCrest, Green Star, and GBC Historic building. Fifteen assessment themes were identified that are related to refurbishment: management, transport, energy, indoor environmental quality, material, water, sustainable site, waste, innovation, pollution, culture, social, economic, quality of services and heritage value. Most of the assessment schemes focus on the assessment on environmental aspects, less attention given to economic, social and heritage aspects. None of these existing assessment schemes integrate all the relevant assessment themes for heritage buildings refurbishment. A framework for the development of a refurbishment scheme for heritage buildings is proposed in the next stage. The findings of this study could refer by the policy makers for formulating relevant guidelines and policies for ensuring best refurbishment practices for heritage buildings. This research could potentially transform the Malaysian heritage industry in conserving and refurbishing existing heritage buildings by improving environmental sustainability, cut carbon emissions and enhancing building conditions. This in turn could help in achieving the sustainability goal of the country as stipulated in the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG).