bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Personal Journey in Nanoscience via Developing and Applying Liquid Phase TEM
Authors: Zheng Haimei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLiquid phase TEM has attracted widespread attention in recent years as a groundbreaking tool to address various fundamental problems in nanoscience. It has provided the opportunity to reveal many unseen dynamic phenomena of nanoscale materials in solution processes by direct imaging through liquids with high spatial and temporal resolution. After my earlier work on real‐time imaging of the nucleation, growth, and dynamic motion of nanoparticles in liquids by developing high‐resolution liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) down to the sub‐nanometer level, I established my own research group at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab in 2010. My group focuses on developing and applying liquid phase TEM to investigate complex systems and reactions. We have studied a set of scientific problems centered on understanding how atomic level heterogeneity and fluctuations at solid‐liquid interfaces impact nanoscale materials transformations using advanced liquid phase TEM. This article describes my personal journey in nanoscience, highlighting the main discoveries of my research group using liquid phase TEM as a unique tool. Some perspectives on the impacts of liquid phase TEM and the future opportunities in nanoscience and nanotechnology enabled by liquid phase TEM are also included.
Are conductivity sensors useless for irrigators? Exploring measurement consistency around soil moisture thresholds relevant to different applications
Authors: Al‐Kilani Muhammad Rasool , Abdelal Qasem , Al‐Shishani Ghaith 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe cheap conductivity‐based sensors favoured by farmers for soil moisture monitoring remain largely ignored by researchers because of their low accuracy, which results in high uncertainty regarding their utility for irrigators. In this work, conductivity measurements were compared with dielectric permittivity measurements in moisture ranges relevant to different applications. The results showed that the permittivity measurements captured moisture variability well (R2 > 0.8) throughout the full range tested (0%–35%), which is consistent with the literature. Conductivity measurements consistently distinguished dry from wet conditions (p < 0.0001) and reflected moisture variability in lower ranges (R2 > 0.5) but not in higher ranges (>20%). This is problematic because important monitoring thresholds such as field capacity and saturation are in the upper moisture ranges. Conductivity measurements were found to lack any meaningful utility in most applications except those relevant to distinguishing dry from wet conditions and indicating lower‐range moisture patterns, such as monitoring in arid environments. This gives some merit to conductivity sensors considering their very low cost if corrosion is minimised. The described evaluation approach is suggested as an example for developers, labs and extension services to better communicate potential sensor utilities and restrictions to practitioners to improve their accessibility to decision support technologies.
Association of Lipoprotein‐Associated Phospholipase A2 and Lipoprotein(a) With the Risk of Recurrence Stroke in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Feng Yu , Zhang Shenyang , Li Hailiang , Li Hao , Dong Ruiguo , Zhu Shiguang , Zhou Yanlong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveIt is still a major global challenge to reduce the high morbidity and mortality of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and improve the prognosis of patients. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) combined with lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) for long‐term stroke recurrence in patients with AIS.MethodsThis study included 580 patients with AIS. Assessment of Lp‐PLA2 and Lp(a) levels was conducted upon patient admission. Continuous monitoring over the long term categorized stroke recurrence as an endpoint. Patients were categorized based on these identified thresholds to compare the risk of stroke recurrence: high Lp‐PLA2 and high Lp(a), high Lp‐PLA2 and low Lp(a), low Lp‐PLA2 and high Lp(a), and low Lp‐PLA2 combined with low Lp(a).ResultsAmong the 580 participants, 101 individuals (17.41%) experienced stroke recurrence within the 2‐year follow‐up. The majority were male (61.39%), with a median age of 62 years (interquartile range: 55–69.5). Factors independently associated with heightened the risk of recurrence stroke comprised age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.025; p = 0.021), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.751; p = 0.007), Lp‐PLA2 (HR, 1.004; p < 0.001), and Lp(a) (HR, 1.002; p < 0.001). Noteworthy is that the combination of Lp‐PLA2 and Lp(a) displayed superior predictive efficacy for long‐term stroke recurrence risk in AIS patients compared to individual factors.ConclusionThis investigation underscores the potential advantage of leveraging the combined impact of Lp‐PLA2 in conjunction with Lp(a) as a more precise and cost‐effective predictive tool for the risk of recurrence stroke in patients with AIS.
Group diversity, diversity beliefs, and group processes in a design course for engineering students
Authors: Ping Cui , Kleingeld Ad , Hendrickx Marloes , Rispens Sonja , Taconis Ruurd 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe engineering profession has changed dramatically, and engineers today must work in diverse (multidisciplinary or international) groups. As such, practice in diverse student groupwork can be beneficial to develop all‐round skillsets. However, simply mixing students with different backgrounds into one group is not always effective in engineering group projects.PurposeThis study investigates how a diverse student group composition is related to group processes and, subsequently, group output, and also to see whether students' positive diversity beliefs influence the relation between diverse student group composition and group processes.MethodMultilevel analyses were performed on 124 groups to analyze associations between diversity in group compositions (nationality and gender diversity), group processes (task elaboration, shared understanding of the task, and trust in the group), and group outcomes (performance and satisfaction), at both the individual and group level. Positive diversity beliefs were included as moderators.ResultsWe found negative group‐level associations between nationality diversity and shared understanding of the task and trust in the group. On the individual level, we found students' relative positive diversity beliefs to be positively associated with their perceptions of all group processes, which, in turn, were positively associated with perceived group performance and satisfaction.ConclusionsA student group with different nationalities may encounter challenges in group processes, although we did not find direct implications for group performance and group‐level satisfaction. Individual student perceptions of group processes were more clearly associated with outcomes than group‐level aggregates. To facilitate diverse student groupwork, educators need to pay attention to and enhance students' awareness of the value of working in a diverse group.
The Effect of Immediate Dentin Sealing Using Different Universal Adhesives on the Bond Strength of Pretreated Monolithic Zirconia to Dentin and Microscopic Morphological Alterations
Authors: Fazlioglu Leyla , Oglakci ozkoc Burcu , Tagtekin Dilek 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the effects of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) using different universal adhesives on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of pretreated monolithic translucent tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia‐based CAD/CAM restoration to dentin and microscopic morphological alterations. Mid‐coronal dentin were obtained from 32 human molars and randomly allocated into 8 groups according to the presence/absence of IDS, universal adhesives for IDS (Single Bond Universal/SBU, Clearfil Quick Bond/CUQ, Optibond Universal/OBU) and zirconia surface pretreatments (tribochemical silica coating‐30 μm CoJet particles/TSC, sandblasting‐50 μm Al2O3/SB): Group TSC, Group TSC+SBU, Group TSC+CUQ, Group TSC+OBU, Group SB, Group SB+SBU, Group SB+CUQ, Group SB+OBU. CAD/CAM restorations (Lava Plus High Translucency Zirconia Disc) were produced, luted, and subjected to 10.000 thermocycles (5°C–55°C). Zirconia–dentin bars (2 × 2 × 8 mm) were subjected to μTBS test (n = 16). Surface morphology of zirconia and zirconia–dentin interfaces were analyzed under SEM (n = 1). Two‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analyses (p < 0.05). Regarding the presence of IDS, Group TSC + OBU showed statistically higher μTBS than Group TSC (p < 0.05). Comparing the IDS applied groups, Group TSC+OBU and Group SB+OBU showed statistically higher μTBS than Group TSC+CUQ and Group SB+CUQ, respectively (p < 0.05). According to the surface pretreatments, no significant differences in μTBS were found (p > 0.05). A thick, intact hybrid layer with long resin tags were observed for Group TSC+OBU and Group SB+OBU. After tribochemical silica coating or sandblasting pretreatments of monolithic zirconia, IDS procedure with Optibond Universal could affect the bond strength to dentin and morphological appearance, positively.
Band Gap Engineering of Binary and Cobalt‐Doped PbS Thin Films Integrated by SILAR Method for Optoelectronic Potentials
Authors: Fazal Tanzeela , Mahmood Sajid , Ismail Bushra , Shah Mazloom , Zidan Ammar , Bahadur Ali , Iqbal Shahid , Rizwan Komal , Alam Shahid , Ali Fayyaz , Farouk Abd‐ElAziem , Aloufi Salman 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThin films of PbS, both undoped and cobalt‐doped (Co‐PbS), were produced on glass substrates using the straightforward and controllable approach of sequential ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). The reactive substances employed to deposit the PbS thin films were lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2), cobalt nitrate (Co(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₆), sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) and H2O for different dipping concentrations of lead and cobalt. The films were adherent to the substrate and were compact, and crack‐free with a shiny silver color. The films were structurally characterized by XRD and were found well crystallized according to the face‐centered cubic formation. The films were optically characterized by the UV–Vis. spectrophotometer and absorption were found stronger in the UV and UV–Vis. region and then diminishes. Band gaps were determined to be between 1.8 eV and 2.2 eV, making them significant materials with the option of band gap engineering according to the desire by manipulating the compositions.
Kinetic and Isothermal Analysis of the Adsorptive Elimination of Direct Yellow 26 Dye Utilizing Activated Bioadsorbent From Textile Effluent
Authors: Ahmad Mirza Nadeem , Nadeem Sohail , Javed Mohsin , Zidan Ammar , Anjum Muhammad Naveed , Farid Muhammad Fayyaz , Bahadur Ali , Iqbal Shahid , Mahmood Sajid , Farouk Abd‐ElAziem , Aloufi Salman 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDue to their widespread usage in recent years, synthetic dyes may be difficult to remove and pose a health concern. Bioadsorbents proved a low‐cost and sustainable method for dye removal. In this study, straight yellow 26 is extracted from textile effluent using sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse was treated with propionic acid to enhance the adsorption capability and 0.25 mm particle size was used for further studies which was confirmed by BET analysis. Standard solutions of direct yellow 26 dye were prepared from 10 to 100 ppm concentrations and absorbance was recorded with the help of a UV visible spectrophotometer. After optimizing different parameters (concentration of dye and bioadsorbent dose, pH, time, and particle size), the studies explored that the maximum dye removal percentage was 89% obtained at pH 3, contact time 120 min, particle size 0.25 mm, high adsorbent, and low concentration of dye solution. The kinetic studies were also employed to comprehend the adsorption isotherm and Freundlich isotherm that revealed the pseudo‐first‐order adsorption process.
A Case of Severe Post‐Biopsy Bleeding and Perforation in Gastric Amyloidosis
Authors: Matsuyama Sho , Fukuda Akihisa , Yamakawa Go , Ueo Taro , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe herein describe a case of severe post‐biopsy bleeding and perforation in gastric amyloidosis. A 70‐year‐old man who had been on dialysis underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and biopsy was performed. Post‐biopsy bleeding occurred, and three times of coagulation hemostasis and once clip hemostasis were performed. After the hemostasis, he eventually had a gastric perforation and omental patch surgery was performed, however, he passed away after the surgery. From the pathological finding of biopsy specimen, he was diagnosed with gastric amyloidosis caused by dialysis‐related amyloidosis. In patients of amyloidosis, the risk of bleeding and perforation is elevated due to vascular and tissue fragility. Therefore, when performing hemostasis in patients with gastrointestinal amyloidosis, clip hemostasis which minimizes tissue damage is considered preferable to coagulation hemostasis.
Integrative Analysis Identifies NSUN2 as an Essential Coordinator for Glioma Malignancy and Glucose Metabolism
Authors: He Yuze , Yuan Yunbo , Ji Linzi , Shu Yuting , Wang Zhihao , Zhang Shuxin , Yang Wanchun , Chen Mina , Liu Yanhui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGlioma, particularly glioblastoma, is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, with poor prognosis due to its metabolic heterogeneity. NSUN2, an m5C RNA methyltransferase and direct glucose sensor, has been implicated in various malignancies, but its role in glioma remains unclear.MethodsBioinformatic analysis was performed on multiple public databases and our glioma dataset from West China Hospital (WCH). In vitro experiments were conducted to assess the effects of NSUN2 knockdown on glioma cell proliferation, migration, and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Transcriptomic analysis was employed to obtain mechanistic insights.ResultsNSUN2 expression was significantly upregulated in gliomas and correlated with higher tumor grade and poor prognosis. NSUN2 knockdown reduced glioma cell proliferation, migration, and increased sensitivity to temozolomide. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that NSUN2 knockdown downregulated key genes involved in glioma progression. Mechanistically, NSUN2 positively regulates the activity of mTORC1 signaling, as indicated by phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein and 4EBP1. Moreover, NSUN2 overexpression reciprocally increased tumor volume compared with controls, indicating NSUN2 promoting glioma cell proliferation in vivo.ConclusionsOur findings highlight NSUN2 as a critical regulator of glioma malignancy. Targeting NSUN2 disrupts key pathways in glioma progression, suggesting it as a promising therapeutic target. Our work underscores the potential of NSUN2 inhibition to enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes in glioma.
The Complementary Use of Raman, ATR‐FTIR Spectroscopy, and Chemometrics for Investigating the Deterioration of Artificially Aged Parchment
Authors: Malea Ekaterini , Boyatzis Stamatis C. , Karlis Dimitris , Palles Dimitrios , Boghosian Soghomon , Zervos Spiros 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAmong the materials constituting our cultural heritage, parchment has a significant role as the substrate of many archival documents. The assessment of its state of preservation has an important benefit to conservation and delineates the adequate preventive measures that would lead to better‐controlled storage and exhibition conditions in museums and libraries worldwide. In the framework of this project, artificial aging of 48 new goat parchment samples was performed to induce deterioration similar to naturally aged parchment exposed to atmospheric pollutants. Five factors have been examined: relative humidity; NO2; SO2; exposure time, and the order of sequential exposure to NO2 and SO2. Temperature was kept constant at 25°C, while the effect of the above‐mentioned factors was examined at two levels (low and high). Statistics was involved in advance in the experimental design. Raman spectroscopy along with attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the condition of collagen in parchment. The entire set of environmental factors along with detected changes in the spectra were investigated through a chemometrics scheme involving analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the results, the onset of collagen's secondary structure decomposition was observed. Statistical elaboration of data reveals that the two analytical methods (Raman and ATR‐FTIR) function in a complementary manner related to the molecular changes and the chemical reactions that happen. In conclusion, both methods can increase their impact on the investigation of parchment degradation if they are combined with other analytical methods and chemometric applications.
Co‐Creation of Societal Benefits Through Human‐Centered Design and Management of Dynamic Capabilities in Oyster Farm Communities
Authors: Aitken James , Böhme Tillmann , McAsh Ewan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper explores how business reconciles the perceived conflicting demands of social and profit logic to deliver value to shareholders and the wider community it serves. Through a human‐centered design lens, the paper identifies co‐creation as pivotal in the design of the business model that delivers social and economic value. Empirical data from an aquaculture SME case study was collected and analyzed to comprehend the role of social good in the development of the business model. The results demonstrate that societal improvements can be achieved when concurrently considered and designed into each stage of the business model development. The findings reveal that technology when deployed within the context of economic and societal improvements has the potential to support businesses in organizing services that deliver economic, societal, and environmental benefits. Replicating this approach requires organizations to develop a deep understanding of the social context that their customers operate within.
Feeding broccoli stems and leaves meal to 94‐ to 100‐week‐old layers increases carotenoid content in eggs
Authors: Peña Guadalupe , Liu Yanhong , Blatchford Richard , King Annie J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundByproducts of broccoli floret production, stems and leaves meal (BSLM), could be fed to older layers, likely increasing production and egg quality. However, BSLM contains glucosinolates, possibly unpalatable and harmful to layers at high concentrations.ResultsA corn‐soy control diet (n = 55) and an experimental diet (n = 55) containing 15 g kg−1 BSLM and 2.37 g kg−1 excess protein compared with the control were fed to non‐molted 94‐ to 100‐week‐old layers, genetically bred for high livability and production. Significance was assessed at p ≤ 0.05. Egg production was lower (p < 0.01) for the control compared with the experimental diet. For weeks 4–6, the experimental diet produced a lower (p ≤ 0.05) ADFI and FCR compared with itself and the control at weeks 0–2. FCR was lower (p ≤ 0.05) for the experimental diet. ADFI, egg weight, Haugh unit, and shell beak force were statistically similar. Yolks from the experimental diet had greater xanthophyll content (p ≤ 0.001) and color (p ≤ 0.01) but not greater ascorbic acid. Zeaxanthin in eggs from the experimental diet was temporally reduced.ConclusionsVariations of N in BSLM or other byproducts collected over large acreage should be considered when formulating diets. A follow‐up study across layer age and breeds should ascertain the effect of quantities of various dietary constituent (protein, BSLM, and fiber alone and in combinations) on production and carotenoids in eggs at 2‐week intervals. Studies involving heating methods and consumption of BSLM eggs and subsequent uptake of xanthophylls and carotenes by humans may help determine the value of these eggs for human health. Assessment of physiological conditions for layers fed broccoli at 15.00 g kg−1 in the diet will ensure lack of harmful effects for younger and older layers.
Comparison of Different High‐Speed Countercurrent Chromatography Injection Modes for the Separation of Glabridin
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Bing , Yang Kun , Wang Xing‐Cui , Li Shu , Wang Ning‐Li , Pei Dong , Pu Lu‐Mei , Huang Xin‐Yi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, different injection modes (single injection, overlapping injection, and continuous injection) of countercurrent chromatography were used and compared for the isolation and purification of glabridin from the crude extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra. The two‐phase solvent system consisting of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5:4:5:4, v/v) was employed as stationary and mobile phases. Compared with single injection mode, both overlapping injection and continuous injection modes exhibited higher separation efficiency at the same sample loading capacity. Their total separation times were 89.68% and 53.97% of the single injection mode, and the total solvent consumption were 74.88% and 52.49% of the single injection mode, respectively. Meanwhile, the yield, purity, and recovery rate of these three injection modes were almost the same. It was demonstrated that high‐speed countercurrent chromatography in continuous injection mode was the most effective way for separating glabridin in three methods and it can be further applied to the separation of other economically valuable natural products.
Exploring the Differences of Chemical Components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Powder Decoction and Pieces Decoction Based on UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Deng Hanxiu , Huang Shuteng , Wei Xia , Zhao Xue , Zhang Ruyue , Zhang Zhonglei , Zhang Zhenmin , Li Ning , Zhang Jiayu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTaking Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) as an example, it is proved that there are differences between the powder decoction and pieces decoction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this study, an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole exactive orbitrap MS/MS (UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS) method was established to characterize 80 chemical components of CRP. The content of components was compared based on extraction rate, alcohol solubility rate, and mass spectrum peak area. The result showed that the content in CRP powder decoction was generally higher than that in CRP pieces decoction. The principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) were used to distinguish between the two decoctions. In addition, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were used as a model to investigate whether the increased content of components has practical significance. Network pharmacology screened five core targets of CRP in CVDs. The results of molecular docking indicated that the binding energies were all ≤ −5.0 kcal/mol between effective compounds (M34, M57, M80, etc.) and key targets (Akt1, SRC, ESR1, EGFR, and PTGS2) with good affinity. These results provide an important reference for further development and use of CRP powder decoction.