bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of a Rain Shadow: O and H Stable Isotope Records in Authigenic Clays From the Siwalik Group in Eastern Bhutan
Authors: Grujic Djordje , Govin Gwladys , Barrier Laurie , Bookhagen Bodo , Coutand Isabelle , Cowan Beth , Hren Michael T. , Najman Yani 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe measure the oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope composition of authigenic clays from Himalayan foreland sediments (Siwalik Group), and from present day small stream waters in eastern Bhutan to explore the impact of uplift of the Shillong Plateau on rain shadow formation over the Himalayan foothills. Stable isotope data from authigenic clay minerals (<2 μm) suggest the presence of three paleoclimatic periods during deposition of the Siwalik Group, between ∼7 and ∼1 Ma. The mean δ18O value in paleometeoric waters, which were in equilibrium with clay minerals, is ∼2.5‰ lower than in modern meteoric and stream waters at the elevation of the foreland basin. We discuss the factors that could have changed the isotopic composition of water over time and we conclude that (a) the most likely and significant cause for the increase in meteoric water δ18O values over time is the “amount effect,” specifically, a decrease in mean annual precipitation. (b) The change in mean annual precipitation over the foreland basin and foothills of the Himalaya is the result of orographic effect caused by the Shillong Plateau's uplift. The critical elevation of the Shillong Plateau required to induce significant orographic precipitation was attained after ∼1.2 Ma. (c) By applying scale analysis, we estimate that the mean annual precipitation over the foreland basin of the eastern Bhutan Himalayas has decreased by a factor of 1.7–2.5 over the last 1–3 million years.
DEM Resolution Effects on Coastal Flood Vulnerability Assessment: Deterministic and Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Fereshtehpour M. , Karamouz M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFlood modeling is highly influenced by topography data set. Lower resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are usually used because of their availability and less computational burden when they are used in modeling applications. However, low accuracy of these DEMs yields to even lower accuracy in flood risk analysis through spatial modeling. This study aims to explore the DEM resolution effects on coastal flood risk assessments. For this purpose, deterministic and probabilistic approaches are employed for flood inundation modeling utilizing hydrologically connected bathtub method. High‐resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) DEM is considered as the most accurate data from which different resolution maps are obtained using resampling techniques. This is incorporated into an error analysis framework along with U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Elevation Dataset (NED) DEMs. The probabilistic framework is developed by simulating the spatial variability of elevation errors compared to LiDAR DEM through a Monte Carlo‐based method called sequential Gaussian simulation. The proposed methodology is applied to the lower Manhattan in New York City. By integrating the flood model into the developed framework, flood inundation probability at each grid cells is obtained. Furthermore, using the concept of accuracy‐efficiency tradeoffs, a framework for selecting a suitable spatial resolution for probabilistic flood risk assessment has been suggested. The results show that by exercising a range of options presented in this paper, a broader insight into mapping resolution can be provided, improving flood assessment, evacuation zones, and mitigation plans depending upon the data availability in a region.
The Changing Face of the Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere Boundary: Imaging Continental Scale Patterns in Upper Mantle Structure Across the Contiguous U.S. With Sp Converted Waves
Authors: Hopper Emily , Fischer Karen M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractJuxtaposed terranes of highly varied tectonic history make up the contiguous U.S.: the tectonically active western U.S., the largely quiescent Archean and Proterozoic cratons of the central U.S., and the Phanerozoic orogen and rifted margin of the eastern U.S. The transitions between these regions are clearly observed with Sp converted wave images of the uppermost mantle. We use common conversion point stacked Sp waves recorded by EarthScope's Transportable Array and other permanent and temporary broadband stations to image the transition from a strong velocity decrease at the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (or LAB) beneath the western U.S. to deeper, less continuous features moving east that largely lie within the lithosphere. Only sparse, localized, weak phases are seen at LAB depths beneath the cratonic interior. Instead, we observe structures within the cratonic lithosphere that are most prominent within the Archean lithosphere of the Superior Craton. The transition from west to east is clearly revealed by cluster analysis, which also shows eastern U.S. mantle velocity gradients as more similar to the western U.S. than the ancient interior, particularly beneath New England and Virginia. In the western U.S., the observed strong LAB indicates a large enough velocity gradient (an average velocity drop of 10 ± 4.5% distributed over 30 ± 15 km) to imply that melt has ponded beneath the lithosphere.
Atomic Oxygen Retrieved From the SABER 2.0‐ and 1.6‐μm Radiances Using New First‐Principles Nighttime OH(v) Model
Authors: Panka Peter A. , Kutepov Alexander A. , Rezac Ladislav , Kalogerakis Konstantinos S. , Feofilov Artem G. , Marsh Daniel , Janches Diego , Yiğit Erdal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe recently discovered fast, multiquantum OH(v)+O(3P) vibrational‐to‐electronic relaxation mechanism provided new insight into the OH(v) Meinel band nighttime emission formation. Using a new detailed OH(v) model and novel retrieval algorithm, we obtained O(3P) densities in the nighttime mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) 2.0‐ and 1.6‐μm radiances. We demonstrate how critical the new OH(v) relaxation mechanism is in the estimation of the abundance of O(3P) in the nighttime MLT. Furthermore, the inclusion of this mechanism enables us to reconcile historically large discrepancies with O(3P) results in the MLT obtained with different physical models and retrieval techniques from WIND Imaging Interferometer, Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System, and Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography observations of other airglow emissions. Whereas previous SABER O(3P) densities were up to 60% higher compared to other measurements the new retrievals agree with them within the range (±25%) of retrieval uncertainties. We also elaborate on the implications of this outcome for the aeronomy and energy budget of the MLT region.
Radiation Dose Nowcast for the Ground Level Enhancement on 10–11 September 2017
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho , Sato Tatsuhiko , Miyake Shoko , Shiota Daikou , Kubo Yûki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA ground level enhancement event occurred on 10–11 September 2017, associated with an X8.2 solar flare on the western limb of the Sun. We report the results of our manually conducted nowcast using WArning System for AVIation Exposure to Solar energetic particles. The maximum radiation dose rate at a flight altitude of 12 km was estimated to be approximately 3 μSv/h, which is less than half of the dose rate due to galactic cosmic rays. We also discuss a possible quasi‐parallel shock‐acceleration mechanism that may have led to the exceptionally soft proton energy spectrum as ground level enhancement events.
A Study of Intense Local dB/dt Variations During Two Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Ngwira Chigomezyo M. , Sibeck David , Silveira Marcos V. D. , Georgiou Marina , Weygand James M. , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Hampton Donald 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInteractions between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere manifest many important space weather phenomena. In this paper, magnetosphere‐ionosphere drivers of intense dB/dt produced during geomagnetic storms that occurred on 9 March 2012 and 17 March 2015 are analyzed. A multi‐instrument approach combining Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission space‐borne and ground‐based observations was adopted to examine the magnetosphere‐ionosphere signatures associated with the dB/dt extremes during each storm. To complement the THEMIS measurements, ground‐based magnetometer recordings and All‐Sky Imager observations, equivalent ionospheric currents derived from magnetometer chains across North America and Greenland, and geosynchronous observations from the Los Alamos National Laboratory Synchronous Orbit Particle Analyzer are also examined. Our results show that the most extreme dB/dt variations are associated with marked perturbations in the THEMIS magnetospheric measurements, poleward expanding discrete aurora passing over the magnetometer sites (seen by the ground‐based THEMIS All‐Sky Imagers), intense Pc5 waves, rapid injection of energetic particles, and intense auroral westward currents. Substorms are considered as the major driver with a possible contribution from magnetospheric waves. The findings of this study strongly suggest that the localization of extreme dB/dt variations is most likely related to the mapping of magnetosphere currents to local ionospheric structures.
Quenching of the red Mn4+ luminescence in Mn4+-doped fluoride LED phosphors
Authors: Senden Tim , van Dijk-Moes Relinde J.A. , Meijerink Andries 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRed-emitting Mn4+-doped fluorides are a promising class of materials to improve the color rendering and luminous efficacy of white light-emitting diodes (w-LEDs). For w-LEDs, the luminescence quenching temperature is very important, but surprisingly no systematic research has been conducted to understand the mechanism for thermal quenching in Mn4+-doped fluorides. Furthermore, concentration quenching of the Mn4+ luminescence can be an issue but detailed investigations are lacking. In this work, we study thermal quenching and concentration quenching in Mn4+-doped fluorides by measuring luminescence spectra and decay curves of K2TiF6:Mn4+ between 4 and 600 K and for Mn4+ concentrations from 0.01% to 15.7%. Temperature-dependent measurements on K2TiF6:Mn4+ and other Mn4+-doped phosphors show that quenching occurs through thermally activated crossover between the 4T2 excited state and 4A2 ground state. The quenching temperature can be optimized by designing host lattices in which Mn4+ has a high 4T2 state energy. Concentration-dependent studies reveal that concentration quenching effects are limited in K2TiF6:Mn4+ up to 5% Mn4+. This is important, as high Mn4+ concentrations are required for sufficient absorption of blue LED light in the parity-forbidden Mn4+d–d transitions. At even higher Mn4+ concentrations (>10%), the quantum efficiency decreases, mostly due to direct energy transfer to quenching sites (defects and impurity ions). Optimization of the synthesis to reduce quenchers is crucial for developing more efficient highly absorbing Mn4+ phosphors. The present systematic study provides detailed insights into temperature and concentration quenching of Mn4+ emission and can be used to realize superior narrow-band red Mn4+ phosphors for w-LEDs.
ADAR1-mediated regulation of melanoma invasion
Authors: Nemlich Yael , Baruch Erez Nissim , Besser Michal Judith , Shoshan Einav , Bar-Eli Menashe , Anafi Liat , Barshack Iris , Schachter Jacob , Ortenberg Rona , Markel Gal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMelanoma cells use different migratory strategies to exit the primary tumor mass and invade surrounding and subsequently distant tissues. We reported previously that ADAR1 expression is downregulated in metastatic melanoma, thereby facilitating proliferation. Here we show that ADAR1 silencing enhances melanoma cell invasiveness and ITGB3 expression. The enhanced invasion is reversed when ITGB3 is blocked with antibodies. Re-expression of wild-type or catalytically inactive ADAR1 establishes this mechanism as independent of RNA editing. We demonstrate that ADAR1 controls ITGB3 expression both at the post-transcriptional and transcriptional levels, via miR-22 and PAX6 transcription factor, respectively. These are proven here as direct regulators of ITGB3 expression. miR-22 expression is controlled by ADAR1 via FOXD1 transcription factor. Clinical relevance is demonstrated in patient-paired progression tissue microarray using immunohistochemistry. The novel ADAR1-dependent and RNA-editing-independent regulation of invasion, mediated by ITGB3, strongly points to a central involvement of ADAR1 in cancer progression and metastasis.
Curcumin decreases Warburg effect in cancer cells by down-regulating pyruvate kinase M2 via mTOR-HIF1α inhibition
Authors: Siddiqui Farid Ahmad , Prakasam Gopinath , Chattopadhyay Shilpi , Rehman Asad Ur , Padder Rayees Ahmad , Ansari Mohammad Afaque , Irshad Rasha , Mangalhara Kailash , Bamezai Rameshwar N. K. , Husain Mohammad , Ali Syed Mansoor , Iqbal Mohammad Askandar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWarburg effect is an emerging hallmark of cancer cells with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) as its key regulator. Curcumin is an extensively-studied anti-cancer compound, however, its role in affecting cancer metabolism remains poorly understood. Herein, we show that curcumin inhibits glucose uptake and lactate production (Warburg effect) in a variety of cancer cell lines by down-regulating PKM2 expression, via inhibition of mTOR-HIF1α axis. Stable PKM2 silencing revealed that PKM2 is required for Warburg effect and proliferation of cancer cells. PKM2 over-expression abrogated the effects of curcumin, demonstrating that inhibition of Warburg effect by curcumin is PKM2-mediated. High PKM2 expression correlated strongly with poor overall survival in cancer, suggesting the requirement of PKM2 in cancer progression. The study unravels novel PKM2-mediated inhibitory effect of curcumin on metabolic capacities of cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study linking curcumin with PKM2-driven cancer glycolysis, thus, providing new perspectives into the mechanism of its anticancer activity.
LncRNA MALAT1 promotes high glucose-induced inflammatory response of microglial cells via provoking MyD88/IRAK1/TRAF6 signaling
Authors: Wang Li-Qing , Zhou Heng-Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough a large number of studies have confirmed from multiple levels that diabetes mellitus (DM) promotes cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the precise mechanism is still unclear. A cerebral I/R injury model in diabetic rats was established. The neurological deficit scores and brain edema were monitored at 24 and 72 hours after injury. The peri-infarct cortical tissues of rats were isolated for molecular biology detection. The rat primary microglia and microglia line HAPI were cultured to establish the cell model of DM-I/R by high glucose (HG) and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R). The endogenous expression of MALAT1 and MyD88 was regulated by the transfection with pcDNA-MALAT1, si-MALAT1 and si-MyD88, respectively. The cerebral I/R injury model in diabetic rats had more severe neuronal injury as shown by the significantly higher neurological deficit scores and an obvious increasing brain edema at 24 and 72 hours after injury. Moreover, the microglia were activated and induced a large number of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the peri-infarct cortical tissues during cerebral I/R injury associated with DM. The expression of MALAT1, MyD88, IRAK1 and TRAF6 protein were significantly up-regulated by DM-I/R in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the HG-H/R-induced MALAT1 promoted the inflammatory response in microglia via MyD88/IRAK1/TRAF6 signaling. Our results suggested that MALAT1 mediated the exacerbation of cerebral I/R injury induced by DM through triggering the inflammatory response in microglia via MyD88 signaling.
Correlative atomic force microscopy quantitative imaging-laser scanning confocal microscopy quantifies the impact of stressors on live cells in real-time
Authors: Bhat Supriya V. , Sultana Taranum , Körnig André , McGrath Seamus , Shahina Zinnat , Dahms Tanya E. S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is an urgent need to assess the effect of anthropogenic chemicals on model cells prior to their release, helping to predict their potential impact on the environment and human health. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have each provided an abundance of information on cell physiology. In addition to determining surface architecture, AFM in quantitative imaging (QI) mode probes surface biochemistry and cellular mechanics using minimal applied force, while LSCM offers a window into the cell for imaging fluorescently tagged macromolecules. Correlative AFM-LSCM produces complimentary information on different cellular characteristics for a comprehensive picture of cellular behaviour. We present a correlative AFM-QI-LSCM assay for the simultaneous real-time imaging of living cells in situ, producing multiplexed data on cell morphology and mechanics, surface adhesion and ultrastructure, and real-time localization of multiple fluorescently tagged macromolecules. To demonstrate the broad applicability of this method for disparate cell types, we show altered surface properties, internal molecular arrangement and oxidative stress in model bacterial, fungal and human cells exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. AFM-QI-LSCM is broadly applicable to a variety of cell types and can be used to assess the impact of any multitude of contaminants, alone or in combination.
Molecular Diagnosis of 34 Japanese Families with Leber Congenital Amaurosis Using Targeted Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Hosono Katsuhiro , Nishina Sachiko , Yokoi Tadashi , Katagiri Satoshi , Saitsu Hirotomo , Kurata Kentaro , Miyamichi Daisuke , Hikoya Akiko , Mizobuchi Kei , Nakano Tadashi , Minoshima Shinsei , Fukami Maki , Kondo Hiroyuki , Sato Miho , Hayashi Takaaki , Azuma Noriyuki , Hotta Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLeber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease, and represents the most severe form of inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD). The present study reports the mutation spectra and frequency of known LCA and IRD-associated genes in 34 Japanese families with LCA (including three families that were previously reported). A total of 74 LCA- and IRD-associated genes were analysed via targeted-next generation sequencing (TS), while recently discovered LCA-associated genes, as well as known variants not able to be screened using this approach, were evaluated via additional Sanger sequencing, long-range polymerase chain reaction, and/or copy number variation analyses. The results of these analyses revealed 30 potential pathogenic variants in 12 (nine LCA-associated and three other IRD-associated) genes among 19 of the 34 analysed families. The most frequently mutated genes were CRB1, NMNAT1, and RPGRIP1. The results also showed the mutation spectra and frequencies identified in the analysed Japanese population to be distinctly different from those previously identified for other ethnic backgrounds. Finally, the present study, which is the first to conduct a NGS-based molecular diagnosis of a large Japanese LCA cohort, achieved a detection rate of approximately 56%, indicating that TS is a valuable method for molecular diagnosis of LCA cases in the Japanese population.
Association of assisted reproductive technology and multiple pregnancies with the risks of birth defects and stillbirth: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Min , Fan Xiao-Bo , Wu Jiang-Nan , Wang Ji-Mei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAssisted reproductive technology (ART) has been widely used among women with infertility. However, the association of ART with birth defects and stillbirth remains controversial and has rarely been reported in China. A retrospective cohort study of 112,043 pregnant women and 114,522 newborns from 2006 to 2016 was performed. Compared to spontaneously conceived infants, ART-conceived infants had a higher likelihood of any birth defect, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.63–2.69). ART-conceived infants also had a significantly increased risk for subcategories of cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, urogenital, gastrointestinal, and respiratory defects. Most (62.25%) of the effect of ART on birth defects was a direct effect, whereas 37.75% of the effect of ART on birth defects was due to multiple pregnancies (i.e., an indirect effect). Compared with naturally conceived singletons, the combined effect of ART and twins on the risk of birth defects was lower than that of the sum of the individual effects of ART and twins on the risk of birth defects, with an adjusted OR of 0.54 (0.32–0.92). These findings clearly show that ART is associated with an increased risk of birth defects in China and may provide guidance to couples and obstetricians in selecting numbers of pregnancies and in identifying organs at a high risk of birth defects.
Associations of passive muscle stiffness, muscle stretch tolerance, and muscle slack angle with range of motion: individual and sex differences
Authors: Miyamoto Naokazu , Hirata Kosuke , Miyamoto-Mikami Eri , Yasuda Osamu , Kanehisa Hiroaki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractJoint range of motion (ROM) is an important parameter for athletic performance and muscular injury risk. Nonetheless, a complete description of muscular factors influencing ROM among individuals and between men and women is lacking. We examined whether passive muscle stiffness (evaluated by angle-specific muscle shear modulus), tolerance to muscle stretch (evaluated by muscle shear modulus at end-ROM), and muscle slack angle of the triceps surae are associated with the individual variability and sex difference in dorsiflexion ROM, using ultrasound shear wave elastography. For men, ROM was negatively correlated to passive muscle stiffness of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius in a tensioned state and positively to tolerance to muscle stretch in the medial gastrocnemius. For women, ROM was only positively correlated to tolerance to muscle stretch in all muscles but not correlated to passive muscle stiffness. Muscle slack angle was not correlated to ROM in men and women. Significant sex differences were observed only for dorsiflexion ROM and passive muscle stiffness in a tensioned state. These findings suggest that muscular factors associated with ROM are different between men and women. Furthermore, the sex difference in dorsiflexion ROM might be attributed partly to that in passive muscle stiffness of plantar flexors.