bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-performance and fabrication-tolerant edge coupler on thin film lithium niobate based on a three-dimensional inverse taper
Authors: Chen Bin , Ruan Ziliang , Wang Mai , Gong Shengqi , Liu Liu 
Published: November 2024

Thin film lithium niobate has been widely considered as a promising photonic integration platform. However, due to the non-vertical sidewall of lithium niobate etching, it is challenging to design an efficient fiber coupler for the submicron-sized lithium niobate waveguide. Here, a high-performance edge coupler to a cleaved fiber is introduced on the thin film lithium niobate platform using a sharp three-dimensional taper. The proposed taper structure, which ensures a nearly adiabatical transition of both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes, is formed by two standard patterning steps for lithium niobate. A silica ridge waveguide is used as the intermediate transition structure between the taper and a high-numerical-aperture fiber. The simulated coupling losses are as low as −0.1 dB per facet, while the experimental mean values reach −0.29 and −0.24 dB for TE and TM modes, respectively. The coupling spectra exhibit a flat wavelength response, which almost coincides for both polarizations. The 0.5-dB coupling bandwidth is beyond 180 nm. Within this bandwidth, the worst coupling losses are −0.61 and −0.56 dB for TE and TM modes, respectively, and the polarization-dependent loss is below 0.17 dB. The present edge coupler also exhibits a good fabrication tolerance, and its fabrication can also facilitate wafer-scale processing without wafer dicing and end-facet polishing.
From Indien to Autochtone
Authors: Elchacar Mireille 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Over the last few years, the native peoples of Quebec have begun rejecting the general designations
Indiens and Amérindiens widely used until recently to refer to them. Since the early 2000s,
several events (such as the Idle No More movement and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission) have brought the sociopolitical
issues of First Nations to the forefront in Quebec and Canada. Since these tipping points, as part of an empowerment process,
indigenous peoples have expressed a preference for the general denominations autochtones and Membres des
Premières Nations. The choice of a denomination stems from an attempt to acquire symbolic capital by the dominated
groups. This paper offers a linguistic contribution to the understanding of this phenomenon by studying the evolution of
denominations through various corpuses: legal texts, history textbooks, dictionaries, and the written press.
Unveiling the Potential of Hybrid Deep Learning Algorithm in Streamflow Projection
Authors: Vogeti Rishith Kumar , Jauhari Rahul , Mishra Bhavesh Rahul , Pandey Pratyush 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present study aims to analyze the potential of a hybrid deep learning algorithm, GRU-RNN-LSTM, for mimicking streamflow and is evaluated using Kling Gupta Efficiency. The case study chosen was the Lower Godavari Basin. Grid search tuning was conducted for the chosen algorithm. GRU-RNN-LSTM has shown a good performance having Kling Gupta Efficiency values of 0.785, and 0.77 in training and testing segments respectively, and is further utilized for streamflow projection by making use of scenario, Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 585 (SSP585). The highest, Lowest, and Average streamflows expected are 2624 m3/s, 599.03 m3/s, and 703.36 m3/s respectively. These projections could assist water resources planners in initiating long-term measures.
Enhancing sustainability through GIS mapping for groundwater quality analysis
Authors: Prasad Surisetti Vamsi Harischandra , Tanuku Srinivas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The current study attempts to develop sustainability by utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) technology by examining groundwater quality in Rajahmundry by dividing the region into 1 km × 1 km grids, resulting in 45 different areas. The grids are thoroughly dispersed, and groundwater samples have been collected from a variety of sources, including open wells, hand pumps, and bore wells, in each grid in order to assess water quality. The evaluation includes a physico-chemical parameter namely, pH, total alkalinity, TDS, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, nitrates, and sulphates. The purpose of this study is to create a map of the spatial distribution of these groundwater qualities using GIS in order to obtain a general understanding of the current state of the entire valorisation of groundwater resources. The current approach is novel in that it not only allows detecting the issues affecting water quality but also enables developing specific approaches for the sustainable management and protection of groundwater in Rajahmundry. Overall, through GIS mapping and conclusive water quality assessment, the study provides a significant input into the field of environmental science in terms of enhancing water sustainability practices.
Nanoscale thermal effects induce the evolution of electric transport of Nb bridges
Authors: Zhang Haohui , Liu Wenqian , Xin Jiawei , Liu Peng , Liu Daqian , Zhang Wenzhi , Chen Enhua , Zhang Chaoyun , Li Shangqing , Wang Xiaoliang , Ma Ruizhe , Wu Yao , Zhou Han , Huang Yicong , Lin Jianxin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We report the evolution of electric transport of Nb bridges based on nanoscale thermal effects created by nanolaser direct writing (NLDW) on Nb films. The laser–Nb-film interaction was investigated experimentally and by simulation. We demonstrate laser parameters such as irradiation power and interaction time to manipulate the electric transport of Nb bridges, such as the critical current and transition temperature, via simulation, which align with the electron probe microanalyzer results. Based on the optimized laser parameters, we realize the continual changes in current–voltage characteristics via increasing irradiation power. Furthermore, Nb bridges after laser irradiation show the oscillations of the critical current when we apply the coil current under a magnetic field that is perpendicular to the Nb bridges, which is similar to the Fraunhofer pattern in a Josephson junction under a magnetic field. In this case, NLDW shows the potential to manipulate electrical performances, which could be used to trim tri-layer junctions, tune shunt resistors, adjust critical currents or even induce a Josephson junction in situ by further shrinking of the laser spot.
Fractional-order long short-term memory network for forecasting of solar irradiance
Authors: Ramadevi Bhukya , Dhaifina Zafirah Nur , Bingi Kishore , Omar Madiah , Rajanarayan Prusty B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The unpredictable nature of solar energy presents a significant obstacle to its effective incorporation into current grid systems. Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) is a critical factor in solar energy technology, as it directly influences the effectiveness of photovoltaic systems and solar thermal plants. Precise GHI forecasts are essential for this challenge and facilitate prompt and efficient involvement in the energy market. However, traditional neural network models often struggle to accurately predict GHI due to their time series data’s nonlinear and nonstationary nature. Thus, this research proposes fractional-order LSTM (FOLSTM) models by accurately incorporating the fractional activation functions to predict GHI using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory data. The fractional activation functions, including sigmoid, tanh, and rectified linear units, have been developed using the fractional derivatives. The performance of FOLSTM models will be compared with the conventional LSTM models during training, testing, and validation in mean square errors and R-squared values. The results demonstrate the proposed FOLSTM models’ effectiveness compared to conventional networks.
Adapting Simulations to Different Settings
Authors: Tan Kevin , Ostler Terry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes how simulations were adapted to four different settings, the challenges faced, and what was learned from experience. The four settings included two classes for undergraduate students, one on individuals with disability and one on death and dying; online live simulations for students at the master of social work level specializing in school social work; and a collaboration with academic librarians and staff at the University of Washington and University of Illinois libraries training to help academic librarians understand and address issues surrounding mental illness in academic library settings. Challenges discussed included language use, potential for stereotyping experience, difficulties in addressing anger in a patron, and helping students who were reluctant to engage. The chapter emphasizes the importance of reflection and scaffolding for facilitating difficult discussions about diversity, equity, inclusion, and social injustices.
Simulations in Teaching Interprofessional Collaboration to Address Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Liechty Janet M , Hampton-Campbell Sharva 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the integration of simulation and interprofessional education to address social determinants of health (SDOH) in healthcare and with community partners. The chapter emphasizes the need to train social work and other health professions students and disciplines together to address social–structural determinants of health and to incorporate these efforts into the routine delivery of team-based healthcare and social care to improve health equity. The careful use of immersive poverty simulations to teach about SDOH builds empathy and greater understanding of how financial challenges influence health outcomes. Interprofessional education simulations enhance teamwork and recognition of patient perspectives and clarify roles across health professions and community agencies. Drawing from more than a decade of experience, insights and recommendations are shared on leading poverty simulations and interprofessional education. While this engaged learning approach holds promise for improving health equity and outcomes, further research is warranted.
Trauma-Informed Response and Social Justice Through Simulations With Police
Authors: Laursen Tiffany , Mahoney Jenna , Chitwanga Anissa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the use of simulations with police officers as a tool for learning trauma response strategies and exploring racial healing between social work, policing, and communities. This chapter probes data from students’ experiences and explores benefits and challenges that present when collaborating on simulations with police officers. It was found students gained knowledge and skills about intervention methods while gaining empathy from racial healing dialogues among students, faculty, staff, and police officers. Racial healing dialogues broadened understanding of complex social realities that are pivotal to future social workers’ careers. Still, students felt that they needed more time to process the simulation and would have liked more time to help them decompress and place the experience within the context of policing and social work—perhaps in required coursework. The chapter provides students’ voices of their experiences and lays out specific recommendations for the use of simulations to teach trauma-informed response.
Involving Doctoral Students in Teaching Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Through Simulations
Authors: Cantoni Nicole , Hsieh Wan-Jung , Allison Carrington A , Wu Chi-Fang , Tan Kevin , Ostler Terry , Bennett Kyle 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) education is paramount to social work programs; it however, can be challenging to teach given the sensitivity required of the topic. To try to make teaching DEI more accessible to newer instructors, doctoral (PhD) students utilized DEI-based simulations as a means of teaching these concepts to master of social work (MSW) students. PhD students discussed how they perceived simulations to be a positive teaching method for DEI, though not without having some areas for improvement. For example, PhD students discussed how simulations allow for realistic, but safe, practice experiences to be had for MSW students; additionally, PhD students also stated the need to confirm simulation topics with those outside of their own identity groups to avoid stereotypes within the simulations. Overall, PhD students felt strongly about the positive impact of simulations in teaching DEI and felt that this teaching method can and should continue to be used.
Reparations for African Enslavement in the U.S. and Black Survival Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Authors: Lawrence Jourdyn A , Jahn Jaquelyn L , Shi Joy , Himmelstein Kathryn E W , Feldman Justin M , Linos Natalia , Bassett Mary T 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Activists, policymakers, and scholars increasingly have advocated for reparations payments to Black Americans to redress the harms of enslavement and discriminatory practices that followed. This study examined the effects of a hypothetical monetary reparations intervention on all-cause premature and overall mortality among Black adults in the U.S. We used the Black-white wealth gap to calculate monetary costs, modeling the effects of wealth influxes of $905,426.10 (in 2019 USD) to each Black household (the amount necessary to eliminate the mean Black-white wealth gap), distributed over 10 years. We applied a target trial emulation framework to data in the Panel Study on Income Dynamics (n=16,010). Each Black household head or spouse/partner was followed from baseline until death, incomplete follow-up, 18 years after baseline, or the end of follow-up in 2019, whichever occurred first. Using the g-formula to account for time-fixed and time-varying confounders, we found a 29% reduction in premature mortality and a 25.6% reduction in overall mortality among Black adults under the reparations intervention. Our findings provide evidence that reparations are a lifesaving and justice-promoting social policy that could significantly contribute to efforts to eliminate health inequities.
Ancient duplication and functional differentiation of phytochelatin synthases is conserved in plant genomes
Authors: Li Mingai , Yu Jiamei , Sartore Silvia , Bellini Erika , Bertoldi Daniela , Pilati Stefania , Saba Alessandro , Larcher Roberto , di Toppi Luigi Sanità , Varotto Claudio 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Despite the paramount importance in metal(loid) detoxification by phytochelatin synthase (PCS) genes, no comprehensive analysis of their evolutionary patterns has been carried out in land plants in general and in crops in particular.
A phylogenetic large-scale analysis of gene duplication in angiosperms was carried out followed by in vitro recombinant protein assays as well as complementation analysis (growth, thiol-peptides, elements) of Arabidopsis cad1-3 mutant with four representative PCS genes from two model crop species, Malus domestica and Medicago truncatula.
We uncovered a so far undetected ancient tandem duplication (D duplication) spanning the whole core eudicotyledon radiation. Complementation with PCS genes from both D-subclades from M. domestica and M. truncatula displayed clear in vivo conservation of the differences between D1 and D2 paralogous proteins in plant growth, phytochelatin and glutathione pools, as well as element contents under heavy metal(loid) stress. In vitro recombinant PCS analysis identified analogous patterns of differentiation, showing a higher activity of D2 PCS genes, so far largely overlooked, compared to their paralogs from the D1 clade. This suggests that in many other crop species where the duplication is present, the D2 copy might play a significant role in metal(loid) detoxification.
The retention of both PCS paralogs and of their functional features for such long divergence time suggests that PCS copy number could be constrained by functional specialization and/or gene dosage sensitivity. These results uncover the patterns of PCS evolution in plant genomes and of functional specialization of their paralogs in the genomes of two important model crops.
Endeavoring to engage in cooperative fisheries research in a contentious socio-political climate
Authors: Kilchenmann Joelle , McCosker Christina M , Cammen Kristina M , Stoll Joshua S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cooperative Fisheries Research (CFR) aims to incorporate different types of knowledge into fisheries science through the convergence of diverse perspectives, skills, and expertise. CFR can facilitate knowledge co-production and the salience, credibility, and legitimacy of science, yet it can be difficult to operationalize. In Maine’s American lobster fishery, where CFR is a hallmark of the fishery, pressure to implement conservation measures to protect North Atlantic right whales, one of the world’s most endangered large whale species, poses a major challenge for harvesters. Endeavoring to follow best practices associated with CFR, our research team set out to work with state management and fishing industry partners to evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of new whale conservation regulations on the fishery. We co-defined relevant and actionable research questions and designed a sampling approach that included multiple efforts to contact industry participants. Although the process we engaged in had some of the key ingredients for success, ultimately participation was too low to achieve our research aims. We use this paper to discuss our failure and draw on the theory of scalar politics from critical geography to reflect on challenges we encountered, including how the contentious socio-political backdrop within which the initiative transpired impacted our research.
Urinary tract infections: a retrospective cohort study of (mis)matching antimicrobial therapy and clinical outcome among Finnish adults
Authors: Patjas Anu , Jokiranta T Sakari , Kantele Anu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
With the global spread of antimicrobial resistance, treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) is becoming more challenging. Clinical data on UTI outcomes are scarce in cases with antimicrobial treatment mismatching the uropathogens’ in vitro susceptibility profiles. We explored the association of (mis)matching antimicrobial treatment and clinical outcomes among patients with either ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) or non-ESBL-PE identified in urine samples.

Patients and methods
In 2015–2019, we recruited 18–65-year-old patients with laboratory-confirmed, community-acquired ESBL-PE (n = 130) or non-ESBL-PE (n = 187) UTI. Our study involved collecting data on in vitro susceptibility profiles, antimicrobial therapy (microbiological match/mismatch) and clinical outcomes, and a follow-up of relapses/reinfections.

Results
Non-beta-lactam co-resistance was found more frequent among ESBL-PE than non-ESBL-PE isolates. The initial antimicrobial matched the in vitro susceptibility for 91.6% (164/179) of those with non-ESBL-PE and 46.9% (38/81) with ESBL-PE UTI (P &lt; 0.001). The clinical cure rates in the non-ESBL-PE and ESBL-PE UTI groups were 82.6% (142/172) and 62.2% (74/119) (P &lt; 0.001) for all, 87.3% (131/150) and 83.3% (30/36) for those treated with matching antimicrobials, and 33.3% (5/15) and 41.9% (18/43) for those given mismatching antimicrobials, respectively. Mismatching antimicrobial therapy was not associated with relapse/reinfection over the 3-month follow-up (P = 0.943).

Conclusions
In our data, (mis)matching microbiological susceptibility is only partially associated with the clinical outcome of UTI: microbiological matching appears to predict clinical cure better than mismatching predicts clinical failure.
Hip arthroscopy failure rates: a healthcare database analysis in the United States
Authors: Thakkar Akshar P , Scheidt Michael D , Jadidi Shaheen , Ellman Michael B , Bare Aaron A , Stover Michael D , Bhatia Sanjeev 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With hip arthroscopy cases, there has been a concomitant increase in complications and the need for revision surgery. This study aims to further contribute to the literature regarding hip arthroscopy failure rates and associated patient factors following an index hip arthroscopy procedure. The PearlDiver database was queried for patients who had undergone hip arthroscopy. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used to ensure that follow-up was performed on the ipsilateral limb. Hip arthroscopy failure was defined specifically as subsequent ipsilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) and reoperation, which were examined in all patients that met inclusion criteria. Independent patient variables, including psychiatric comorbidities, preoperative SSRI use, smoking, and obesity, were examined to identify an association with failure rates. A Student t-test, with a significance set at P &lt; 0.05, was used for statistical comparisons of postoperative outcomes. Odds ratios were used to calculate the probability of short-term hip reoperation in patients with the above independent variables. A total of 19 067 hip arthroscopy patients were included in this study. Within 2 years from the index hip arthroscopy, there was an 11.42% failure rate as defined by subsequent reoperation and 7.16% failure rate as defined by revision to THA, with a total revision surgery rate of 18.58%. The most common reoperation procedure was revision femoroplasty (72%). Patients with an active diagnosis of a psychiatric comorbidity in the year leading up to a hip arthroscopy procedure were 1.74 times more likely to require a hip reoperation within 1 year (95% CI, 1.55–1.95).
Skin Color Representation in Infectious Disease Textbooks
Authors: Thornton Jessica , Giuffre Allison , Donohue Sarah , Hollnagel Fauzia , Tischendorf Jessica 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Darker skin is underrepresented in medical textbooks. This may contribute to inequity in our system. We assessed skin color representation in infectious disease textbooks and compared diseases associated with social stigma to those not stigmatized. Images depicting conditions associated with social stigma were significantly more common on darker skin.