bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of change in fairness perceptions during the hiring process: A conceptual replication in a controlled context
Authors: Butucescu Andreea , Iliescu Dragoș 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present paper tackles a problem in the candidate reactions literature: the replicability of results that emerge when using in vivo and in vitro designs. The current study was designed to provide a conceptual replication of a dynamic model of change in fairness perceptions during the hiring process, using a different research design, different measures, and a different sample than the original paper. A sample of 209 participants in a simulated selection process reported their level of perceived fairness three times: before the testing, after the testing, and after the results were communicated. These results support the results of the original that the construction of fairness perceptions declines in a nonlinear way over time, with high initial levels of fairness perception corresponding to a lower rate of decline, and vice versa. Further analysis revealed no change in the individuals’ conceptualization of perceived fairness nor any shift in the respondents’ use of the measurement scale (i.e., no beta and gamma change were detected).
Isoform specific roles of Broad‐Complex in larval development in Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Xu Q.‐Y. , Meng Q.‐W. , Deng P. , Fu K.‐Y. , Guo W.‐C. , Li G.‐Q. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBroad‐Complex (BrC) is a downstream target of both 20‐hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone signalling. BrC regulates morphogenetic changes between nymphal instars in hemimetabolans, whereas it controls pupal commitment, pupal morphogenesis and inhibits adult differentiation in holometabolans. Among five BrC cDNAs (Z1–Z4 and Z6) identified in the Colorado potato beetle, we found in this work that Z1, Z2 and Z6 were mainly expressed at the last (fourth) instar and prepupal stages, whereas the levels of Z3 and Z4 increased during the penultimate (third) instar stage, peaked at the last instar larval phase and gradually decreased at the prepupal and pupal periods. When knocking down all BrC isoforms by RNA interference (RNAi) at the penultimate instar stage, around 20% of the resultant larvae remained as moribund beetles. These moribund BrC RNAi larvae were completely or partially wrapped in old cuticle. Likewise, a portion of larvae treated for a single double‐stranded RNA of Z3, Z4 or Z6 displayed a degree of similar aberrancies, increasing in the order of isoforms Z6 < Z3 < Z4. When silencing all BrC isoforms at the last instar period, most of the RNAi larvae did not normally pupate or emerge as adults. Separately silencing each of the five zinc finger domains revealed that approximately 70% of the Z1 RNAi larvae remained as prepupae, around 60% of the Z6 RNAi specimens formed aberrant prepupae or pupae and about 60% of the Z2 RNAi beetles became deformed pupae. After removal of the old exuviae, these deformed larvae in which either Z1, Z2 or Z6 was depleted possessed adult prothorax and mesothorax, developing antenna, mouthparts and wing discs. Moreover, less than 50% of the resultant pupae finally emerged as adults when either of Z1, Z2 or Z6 was knocked down. Therefore, our findings reveal, for the first time, that the two roles of BrC in insect groups (ie directing morphogenetic changes during juvenile development and regulating larval–pupal–adult metamorphosis) are played by different BrC isoforms in Leptinotarsa decemlineata.
Demographics, healthcare utilization and drug use in children and adults with atopic dermatitis in Denmark: a population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Andersen Y.M.F. , Egeberg A. , Skov L. , Thyssen J.P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition. While previous publications have examined healthcare expenses, large data regarding patient demographics, healthcare use and drug prescriptions are limited.ObjectiveTo examine demographics, healthcare use and drug prescriptions in children and adults with hospital‐diagnosed AD.MethodsDanish nationwide registries were cross‐linked to access demographic, healthcare and drug prescription data on children and adults with hospital‐diagnosed AD (ICD‐10 code L20). The diagnostic code for AD used in this study was validated by reviewing medical charts.ResultsWe identified 9704 children (time period 1997–2012) and 5558 adults (time period 1997–2007) with hospital‐diagnosed AD. The diagnostic code L20 had a positive predictive value of 95%. Among children with AD, a larger proportion came from less resourceful families and had immigrant parents from non‐European countries. In adults, we observed an opposite tendency. Topical and systemic antibiotics were used relatively frequent in both children and adults with AD. The use of prednisolone and other systemic anti‐inflammatory therapy was substantially higher in adults with AD than in children.LimitationsWe were unable to identify and describe patients treated by general and private practitioners.ConclusionThere exist significant differences in social predictors for AD and the use of AD medication between children and adults with hospital‐diagnosed AD in Denmark. The diagnostic code for AD appears to be valid in Danish registries.
Platform economics and antitrust enforcement: A little knowledge is a dangerous thing
Authors: Katz Michael L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough the economics of multisided platforms has developed important insights for antitrust policy, there are critical respects in which the body of academic knowledge falls short of providing useful advice to enforcement agencies and the courts. Indeed, there is a substantial risk that recent scholarship will be misapplied to the detriment of sound antitrust policy, as evidenced by the US Supreme Court's recent decision in American Express. In this note, I identify several areas in which economics research could potentially make significant contributions to the practical antitrust treatment of platforms.
The time has come: Embedded implementation research for health care improvement
Authors: Churruca Kate , Ludlow Kristiana , Taylor Natalie , Long Janet C. , Best Stephanie , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe field of implementation science has developed in response to slow and inconsistent translation of evidence into practice. Despite utilizing increasingly sophisticated approaches to implementation, including applying a complexity science lens and conducting realist evaluations, challenges remain to getting the kinds of outcomes hoped for by implementation efforts. These include gaining access and buy‐in from those implementing the change and accounting for the influence of local context. One emerging approach to address these challenges is embedded implementation research—a collaborative, adaptive approach to improvement. It involves researchers and implementers working together in situ from the outset of, and throughout, an implementation project. Both groups can benefit from the collaboration: it increases the rigor of evaluation, provides opportunities to improve the intervention through direct feedback, and promotes better on‐the‐ground understanding of the change process. We aimed to examine the potential benefits, and some of the challenges, of increased embeddedness.MethodWe performed a multi‐case analysis of implementation research projects that varied by degree of embeddedness.ResultsEmbedded implementation research may offer a range of advantages over dichotomized research‐practice designs, including better understanding of local context and direct feedback to improve the implementation along the way. We present a model that spans four approaches: dichotomized research‐practice, collaborative linking‐up, partially‐embedded, and deep immersion.ConclusionEmbedded implementation research approaches hold promise in comparison to traditional dichotomized‐research practice designs, where the research is external to the implementation and conducts a summative evaluation. We are only beginning to understand how such partnerships operate in practice and what makes them successful. Our analysis suggests the time has come to consider such approaches.
Nitric oxide acutely modulates hypothalamic and neurohypophyseal carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide production to control vasopressin, oxytocin and atrial natriuretic peptide release in rats
Authors: Coletti Ricardo , de Lima Juliana Bezerra Medeiros , Vechiato Fernanda Maria Veanholi , de Oliveira Fabiana Lucio , Debarba Lucas Kniess , Almeida‐Pereira Gislaine , Elias Lucila Leico Kagohara , Antunes‐Rodrigues José 
Published: January 2019

Nitric oxide (NO) negatively modulates the secretion of vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OT) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) induced by the increase in extracellular osmolality, whereas carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) act to potentiate it; however, little information is available for the osmotic challenge model about whether and how such gaseous systems modulate each other. Therefore, using an acute ex vivo model of hypothalamic and neurohypophyseal explants (obtained from male 6/7‐week‐old Wistar rats) under conditions of extracellular iso‐ and hypertonicity, we determined the effects of NO (600 μmol L‐1 sodium nitroprusside), CO (100 μmol L‐1 tricarbonylchloro[glycinato]ruthenium [II]) and H2S (10 mmol L‐1 sodium sulphide) donors and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (300 μmol L‐1 Nω‐methyl‐l‐arginine [LNMMA]), haeme oxygenase (HO) (200 μmol L‐1 Zn(II) deuteroporphyrin IX 2,4‐bis‐ethylene glycol [ZnDPBG]) and cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) (100 μmol L‐1 aminooxyacetate [AOA]) inhibitors on the release of hypothalamic ANP and hypothalamic and neurohypophyseal AVP and OT, as well as on the activities of NOS, HO and CBS. LNMMA reversed hyperosmolality‐induced NOS activity, and enhanced hormonal release by the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis, in addition to increasing CBS and hypothalamic HO activity. AOA decreased hypothalamic and neurohypophyseal CBS activity and hormonal release, whereas ZnDPBG inhibited HO activity and hypothalamic hormone release; however, in both cases, AOA did not modulate NOS and HO activity and ZnDPBG did not affect NOS and CBS activity. Thus, our data indicate that, although endogenous CO and H2S positively modulate AVP, OT and ANP release, only NO plays a concomitant role of modulator of hormonal release and CBS activity in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis and that of HO activity in the hypothalamus during an acute osmotic stimulus, which suggests that NO is a key gaseous controller of the neuroendocrine system.
Serum HBcrAg is better than HBV RNA and HBsAg in reflecting intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA
Authors: Chen En‐Qiang , Wang Meng‐Lan , Tao Ya‐Chao , Wu Dong‐Bo , Liao Juan , He Min , Tang Hong 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe correlation between serum HBcrAg and HBV RNA is unclear, and correlations of intrahepatic cccDNA with HBcrAg, HBV RNA and HBsAg are rarely reported in the same cohort. This study aimed to assess the correlation of HBcrAg with HBV RNA and HBsAg, and investigate whether serum HBcrAg is superior to serum HBV RNA and HBsAg in reflecting intrahepatic HBV cccDNA in HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative CHB patients. In this study, 85 HBeAg‐positive and 25 HBeAg‐negative patients who have never received antiviral therapy were included. Among HBeAg‐positive patients, HBcrAg was correlated positively with HBsAg (r = 0.564, P < 0.001) and HBV RNA (r = 0.445, P < 0.001), and HBV RNA was also correlated positively with HBsAg (r = 0.323, P = 0.003). Among HBeAg‐negative patients, no significant correlation was observed between HBcrAg, HBsAg and HBV RNA. By multivariable linear regression, HBcrAg (β = −0.563, P < 0.001), HBsAg (β = −0.328, P < 0.001) and HBV RNA (β = 0.180, P = 0.003) were all associated with cccDNA levels among HBeAg‐positive patients, but only serum HBcrAg was associated with cccDNA level (β = 0.774, P = 0.000) among HBeAg‐negative patients. HBcrAg was better correlated with cccDNA as compared to HBsAg and HBV RNA, irrespective of HBeAg status. Among HBeAg‐positive patients, though HBcrAg level was influenced by hepatic inflammatory activity and HBV DNA levels, the good correlations of HBcrAg with cccDNA persisted after stratification by inflammatory activity and HBV DNA levels. In conclusion, correlations of serum HBcrAg, HBV RNA and HBsAg levels differ significantly between HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative patients, but serum HbcrAg correlates with cccDNA levels better than HBV RNA and HBsAg, irrespective of HBeAg status.
Assessment of symmetric dimethylarginine as a biomarker of renal function in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine
Authors: Buresova Eva , Stock Emmelie , Paepe Dominique , Stammeleer Lisa , Vandermeulen Eva , Smets Pascale , Duchateau Luc , Lefebvre Herve P. , Daminet Sylvie 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundMeasurement of serum creatinine (sCr) and urea nitrogen fail to detect decreased renal function in many hyperthyroid cats because of low muscle mass and glomerular hyperfiltration of affected cats. Serum symmetric dimethylarginine (sSDMA) is an earlier and more sensitive renal biomarker than sCr.ObjectiveEvaluate sSDMA as a biomarker of renal function in hyperthyroid cats before (T0) and 1 month after (T1) radioiodine (131I) treatment.AnimalsForty‐seven client‐owned hyperthyroid nonazotemic cats were evaluated at T0 and T1.MethodsA prospective study in which sCr and sSDMA concentrations were determined in 47 hyperthyroid cats at T0 and at T1. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated at T0 and T1 in 10 of these 47 cats using plasma exogenous creatinine clearance test.ResultsSerum SDMA was elevated (>14 μg/dL) in 6 of 47 cats at T0 and normalized after treatment in 4 of those cats. All cats remained nonazotemic after treatment. In 10 cats in which GFR was measured, correlation between GFR and sSDMA was low and not significant (τb = −0.35,P = .17 at T0 and τb = −.22,P = .41 at T1), whereas correlation between GFR and sCr was moderate and significant (τb = −0.52,P < .05 at T0 and τb = −.53,P = <.05 at T1).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCareful interpretation of mildly increased sSDMA with normal sCr in hyperthyroid cats is warranted as sSDMA values might normalize after resolution of hyperthyroidism in some cats. In this population of hyperthyroid cats, sSDMA was poorly correlated with GFR.
Mirabegron induces relaxant effects via cAMP signaling‐dependent and ‐independent pathways in detrusor smooth muscle
Authors: Maki Tomoko , Kajioka Shunichi , Itsumi Momoe , Kareman Eljamal , Lee Ken , Shiota Masaki , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveWe previously found that mirabegron exerts a relaxant effect in the presence of the β3‐adrenoceptor antagonist SR58894A during carbachol‐induced contraction in human and pig detrusor. The aim of this study was to explore the possible mechanism underlying the relaxant effects of mirabegron using detrusor smooth muscle.MethodsHuman tissue was obtained from urinary bladders of patients undergoing radical cystectomy at Kyushu University and Harasanshin Hospital. Pig tissue was obtained from an abattoir. Tension force (organ bath experiments) was measured in intact or permeabilised (α‐toxin or β‐escin) detrusor smooth muscle strips. The contribution of cAMP‐dependent signaling and the inhibition of Ca2+ sensitization to the relaxant effects of mirabegron were characterized using 1 μM SR58894A, 100 μM SQ22536 (an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor), 10 μM H‐89 (a protein kinase [PK] A inhibitor), 10 μM Y‐27632 (a selective Rho kinase inhibitor), and 10 μM GF‐109203X (a selective PKC inhibitor).Results30 μM Mirabegron impaired carbachol (0.03‐1 μM)‐induced contraction in human detrusor smooth muscle. SR58894A only partially attenuated the relaxant effects of mirabegron in human and pig detrusor strips precontracted with 1 μM carbachol. In α‐toxin‐permeabilized detrusor strips, tension force at 1 μM [Ca2+]i was decreased by mirabegron in a concentration‐dependent manner. The relaxant effect of mirabegron was only slightly attenuated by H‐89 and not significantly affected by SQ22536. Y‐27632 potentiated the relaxation response to mirabegron, but attenuated responses to cAMP; GF‐109203X had little effect. Mirabegron but not cAMP had a notable relaxant effect in the pig detrusor smooth muscle permeabilized with β‐escin.ConclusionsMirabegron‐induced relaxation of pig and human detrusor smooth muscle occurs via both a β3‐adrenoceptor/cAMP‐dependent and ‐independent pathway.
Incremental and twice weekly haemodialysis in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Wolley Martin J , Hawley Carmel M , Johnson David W , Marshall Mark R , Roberts Matthew A 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundHaemodialysis is usually started at a frequency of three times a week, with occasional patients starting twice weekly (‘incremental dialysis’). Incremental haemodialysis (HD) may preserve residual kidney function and has been associated with reduced mortality. In the present study, we report prevalence and outcomes of incremental dialysis in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsThe cohort was all adults starting renal replacement therapy with HD in Australia and New Zealand 2004–2015. We used cox proportional hazards modelling with a primary exposure of dialysis frequency at first survey date (≥ or <3 times per week). The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality (primary), cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular mortality (secondary).ResultsEight‐hundred fifty of 27 513 subjects were started on twice weekly HD (prevalence 3%). Compared to conventional patients, incremental dialysis patients were older (67 vs 62 years, P < 0.001), had a lower body mass index (26.1 vs 27.7 kg/m2, P < 0.001), had a higher starting estimated glomerular filtration rate (7.59 vs 6.66 mL/min P < 0.001) and had less diabetes (39.2% vs 50.2%, P < 0.001). In a multivariate model, incremental start dialysis was not associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.92–1.16) or cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.71–1.07), but was associated with an increased risk of non‐cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.11–1.42).ConclusionIncremental dialysis was used infrequently, and there was evidence of patient level differences. All‐cause mortality was similar, but there were differences in cause specific mortality. Incremental dialysis needs to be tested in prospective trials to define the safety and efficacy of this approach.
Analysis of the relationship between the morphology of the palate and facial skeletal patterns in Class III malocclusion using structural equation modelling
Authors: Ahn Mi So , Shin Sang Min , Choi Yong‐Seok , Wu Te‐Ju , Ko Ching‐Chang , Yamaguchi Tetsutaro , Maki Koutaro , Kim Yong‐Il 
Published: January 2019

Structured AbstractIntroductionThe present study investigated the relationship between facial skeletal patterns and morphology of the palate in adult patients with Class III malocclusion using structural equation modelling (SEM).Setting and sample populationOne hundred cone beam computed tomography images of Class III adults were evaluated for skeletal measurements.Materials and methodsThe skeletal measurements were classified into the vertical, anteroposterior and transverse group based on factor analysis. 3D scanning model of the maxilla was analysed by Generalized procrustes analysis (GPA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Structural equation modelling was used to analyse relationship among the skeletal and morphometric factors.ResultsAccording to the factor analysis, latent variables were extracted by each skeletal variable. First principal component (PC1) and PC2 of palatal morphology were used to analyse relationship with skeletal variables. As results of the structural equation model, the transverse latent variable had the most influence on PC1, followed by vertical and anteroposterior variables. This result means that as the facial width increases, the palate becomes narrower, deeper and longer.ConclusionsThe relationship between the skeletal pattern with Class III malocclusion and palatal morphology was analysed through SEM. The transverse facial skeletal pattern showed the highest correlation with PC1 of palatal morphology.
Synergistic effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy with PTH [1–34] on calvarial bone graft in irradiated rat
Authors: Park Kyeong‐Mee , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Choi Hyunmin , Oh Seo‐Eun , Kim Hyeong‐Il , Park Wonse , Kim Sungtae 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the synergistic effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) [1–34] in combination with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on bone graft in a rat calvarial bone defect model under impaired osteogenic conditions.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four rats were divided into three groups. Localized radiation with a single 12 Gy dose was administered to the calvaria. Four weeks after radiation, calvarial circular defects were created in the parietal bones. All defects were filled with biphasic calcium phosphate. After the bone graft, PTH [1–34] was injected subcutaneously, and HBO was administered. At 6 weeks after the bone graft, the rats were sacrificed, and specimens were harvested.ResultsHistomorphometric evaluation showed that the percentage of new bone area was higher in the PTH and PTH/HBO groups than in the control group. The percent residual material area was decreased in the PTH/HBO group compared with the control group. The percentage blood vessel number was highest in the PTH group. Micro‐CT evaluation showed that the new bone volume was highest in the PTH/HBO group. The residual material volume was lowest in the PTH/HBO group.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, our data indicate that PTH combined with HBO may reverse radiation‐induced impairment of bone healing.
Developmental and comparative transcriptomic identification of iridophore contribution to white barring in clownfish
Authors: Salis Pauline , Lorin Thibault , Lewis Victor , Rey Carine , Marcionetti Anna , Escande Marie‐Line , Roux Natacha , Besseau Laurence , Salamin Nicolas , Sémon Marie , Parichy David , Volff Jean‐Nicolas , Laudet Vincent 
Published: January 2019

AbstractActinopterygian fishes harbor at least eight distinct pigment cell types, leading to a fascinating diversity of colors. Among this diversity, the cellular origin of the white color appears to be linked to several pigment cell types such as iridophores or leucophores. We used the clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris, which has a color pattern consisting of white bars over a darker body, to characterize the pigment cells that underlie the white hue. We observe by electron microscopy that cells in white bars are similar to iridophores. In addition, the transcriptomic signature of clownfish white bars exhibits similarities with that of zebrafish iridophores. We further show by pharmacological treatments that these cells are necessary for the white color. Among the top differentially expressed genes in white skin, we identified several genes (fhl2a, fhl2b, saiyan, gpnmb, and apoD1a) and show that three of them are expressed in iridophores. Finally, we show by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis that these genes are critical for iridophore development in zebrafish. Our analyses provide clues to the genomic underpinning of color diversity and allow identification of new iridophore genes in fish.