bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting heart rate and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , de Rezende Leandro Fórnias Machado , Hu Frank B. , Jeon Justin Y. , Giovannucci Edward L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPositive association between resting heart rate (RHR) and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been documented in several studies. However, whether RHR is an independent predictor of T2D and its potential interaction with other risk factors of T2D remain unclear.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 31 156 men from the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (1992‐2012). Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association between RHR and T2D risk. We further examined whether this association is modified by known risk factors. Lastly, we conducted a meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies.ResultsDuring 505 380 person‐years of follow‐up, we identified 2338 incident T2D cases. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) comparing the highest vs lowest categories of RHR was 1.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43‐2.01). Increase in 10 bpm of RHR was associated with 19% increased risk of T2D in the fully adjusted model (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.24). The HRs of T2D associated with RHR were stronger among those with normal weight or without hypertension (P interaction < 0.001). Moreover, RHR with other known risk factors cumulatively increased T2D risk. A meta‐analysis consistently showed a positive association between RHR and T2D risk (the summary relative risk [RR] for highest vs lowest RHR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.26‐1.86, n = 12, the summary RR per 10 bpm increase, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09‐1.26, n = 13).ConclusionsHigh RHR was independently associated with increased risk of T2D. Our findings suggest that RHR, with other known risk factors, could be a useful tool to predict T2D risk.
Combining Bayesian genetic clustering and ecological niche modeling: Insights into wolf intraspecific genetic structure
Authors: Milanesi Pietro , Caniglia Romolo , Fabbri Elena , Puopolo Felice , Galaverni Marco , Holderegger Rolf 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe distribution of intraspecific genetic variation and how it relates to environmental factors is of increasing interest to researchers in macroecology and biogeography. Recent studies investigated the relationships between the environment and patterns of intraspecific genetic variation across species ranges but only few rigorously tested the relation between genetic groups and their ecological niches. We quantified the relationship of genetic differentiation (FST) and the overlap of ecological niches (as measured by n‐dimensional hypervolumes) among genetic groups resulting from spatial Bayesian genetic clustering in the wolf (Canis lupus) in the Italian peninsula. Within the Italian wolf population, four genetic clusters were detected, and these clusters showed different ecological niches. Moreover, different wolf clusters were significantly related to differences in land cover and human disturbance features. Such differences in the ecological niches of genetic clusters should be interpreted in light of neutral processes that hinder movement, dispersal, and gene flow among the genetic clusters, in order to not prematurely assume any selective or adaptive processes. In the present study, we found that both the plasticity of wolves—a habitat generalist—to cope with different environmental conditions and the occurrence of barriers that limit gene flow lead to the formation of genetic intraspecific genetic clusters and their distinct ecological niches.
Atlantic butterflies: a data set of fruit‐feeding butterfly communities from the Atlantic forests
Authors: Santos Jessie Pereira dos , Freitas André Victor Lucci , Brown Keith Spalding , Carreira Junia Yasmin Oliveira , Gueratto Patrícia Eyng , Rosa Augusto Henrique Batista , Lourenço Giselle Martins , Accacio Gustavo Mattos , Uehara‐Prado Márcio , Iserhard Cristiano Agra , Richter Aline , Gawlinski Karine , Romanowski Helena Piccoli , Mega Nicolás Oliveira , Teixeira Melissa Oliveira , Moser Alfred , Ribeiro Danilo Bandini , Araujo Poliana Felix , Filgueiras Bruno Karol Cordeiro , Melo Douglas Henrique Alves , Leal Inara Roberta , Beirão Marina do Vale , Ribeiro Sérvio Pontes , Cambuí Elaine Cristina Barbosa , Vasconcelos Rodrigo Nogueira , Cardoso Márcio Zikán , Paluch Marlon , Greve Roberto Rezende , Voltolini Júlio Cesar , Galetti Mauro , Regolin André Luis , Sobral‐Souza Thadeu , Ribeiro Milton Cezar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractButterflies are one of the best‐known insect groups, and they have been the subject of numerous studies in ecology and evolution, especially in the tropics. Much attention has been given to the fruit‐feeding butterfly guild in biodiversity conservation studies, due to the relative ease with which taxa may be identified and specimens sampled using bait traps. However, there remain many uncertainties about the macroecological and biogeographical patterns of butterflies in tropical ecosystems. In the present study, we gathered information about fruit‐feeding butterfly species in local communities from the Atlantic Forests of South America. The ATLANTIC BUTTERFLIES data set, which is part of ATLANTIC SERIES data papers, results from a compilation of 145 unpublished inventories and 64 other references, including articles, theses, and book chapters published from 1949 to 2018. In total, the data set contains 7,062 records (presence) of 279 species of fruit‐feeding butterflies identified with taxonomic certainty, from 122 study locations. The Satyrini is the tribe with highest number of species (45%) and records (30%), followed by Brassolini, with 13% of species and 12.5% of records. The 10 most common species correspond to 14.2% of all records. This data set represents a major effort to compile inventories of fruit‐feeding butterfly communities, filling a knowledge gap about the diversity and distribution of these butterflies in the Atlantic Forest. We hope that the present data set can provide guidelines for future studies and planning of new inventories of fruit‐feeding butterflies in this biome. The information presented here also has potential use in studies across a great variety of spatial scales, from local and landscape levels to macroecological research and biogeographical research. We expect that such studies be very important for the better implementation of conservation initiatives, and for understanding the multiple ecological processes that involve fruit‐feeding butterflies as biological indicators. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set. Please cite this Data paper when using the current data in publications or teaching events.
Actor perceptions of polycentricity in wind power governance
Authors: Juerges Nataly , Leahy Jessica , Newig Jens 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWind power development as an alternative to fossil fuels or nuclear energy is currently a challenge for many countries. Wind power development often leads to conflicts between different actors. This case study examines conflict about wind power projects in forested landscapes in Rhineland‐Palatinate, Germany, and Maine, USA. Specifically, actor perspectives on polycentric governance and its legitimacy to manage such complex conflicts were evaluated based on 40 qualitative, semistructured interviews with actors engaged in wind power decisions from various sectors. Polycentric governance has been advocated by many to alleviate conflicts and arrive at sustainable solutions in complex resource management settings. Polycentric governance systems of wind power issues were regarded positively and considered as having high legitimacy by interview participants. Even though individuals had varied perceptions, the combined perceptions of the two polycentric systems in Rhineland‐Palatinate and Maine and the factors that constitute legitimacy in wind power governance were similar in both cases.
Management and outcomes of cardiac sarcoidosis: a 20‐year experience in two tertiary care centres
Authors: Fussner Lynn A. , Karlstedt Erin , Hodge David O. , Fine Nowell M. , Kalra Sanjay , Carmona Eva M. , Utz James P. , Isaac Debra L. , Cooper Leslie T. 
Published: October 2018

AimsCardiac sarcoidosis (CS) often presents with ventricular arrhythmias, heart block, and cardiomyopathy. The prognosis of CS with contemporary management is uncertain. We estimated the impact of baseline and treatment variables on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), ventricular assist device placement, heart transplant, and death.Methods and resultsWe identified patients with CS seen from 1994–2014 at two large academic medical centres. All met the 2014 Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus criteria for diagnosis. From the 574 patients identified, 91 met inclusion criteria. Twenty‐two (24.2%) were diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. Cardiomyopathy was the primary presentation in 47 patients (51.6%). Within 90 days of diagnosis, 41 patients (45.0%) received prednisone alone, 29 (31.9%) received alternative immunosuppression with or without prednisone, and 21 (23.1%) received no immunosuppression. During follow‐up, 31 of 47 cardiomyopathy patients experienced improvement in LVEF, while 23 experienced decline in LVEF or clinical exacerbation, and 15 of 22 patients presenting with ventricular arrhythmia had recurrence. These results did not differ by treatment group. During a median follow‐up of 44 months for our cohort, 14 patients reached the composite endpoint of ventricular assist device placement, heart transplant, or death. Survival without the composite outcome did not differ by treatment group, but was worse among patients presenting with cardiomyopathy (log‐rank = 0.005).ConclusionIn a large series of CS subjects, rates of ventricular arrhythmia and heart failure events remain high with no treatment regimen clearly associated with better outcome. Patients with cardiomyopathy at diagnosis were more likely to reach the composite endpoint.
Economic evaluation of a healthy lifestyle intervention for chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Williams Amanda , van Dongen Johanna M. , Kamper Steven J. , O'Brien Kate M. , Wolfenden Luke , Yoong Sze L. , Hodder Rebecca K. , Lee Hopin , Robson Emma K. , Haskins Robin , Rissel Chris , Wiggers John , Williams Christopher M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundEconomic evaluations which estimate cost‐effectiveness of potential treatments can guide decisions about real‐world healthcare services. We performed an economic evaluation of a healthy lifestyle intervention targeting weight loss, physical activity and diet for patients with chronic low back pain, who are overweight or obese.MethodsEligible patients with chronic low back pain (n = 160) were randomized to an intervention or usual care control group. The intervention included brief advice, a clinical consultation and referral to a 6‐month telephone‐based healthy lifestyle coaching service. The primary outcome was quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Secondary outcomes were pain intensity, disability, weight and body mass index. Costs included intervention costs, healthcare utilization costs and work absenteeism costs. An economic analysis was performed from the societal perspective.ResultsMean total costs were lower in the intervention group than the control group (‐$614; 95%CI: −3133 to 255). The intervention group had significantly lower healthcare costs (‐$292; 95%CI: −872 to −33), medication costs (−$30; 95%CI: −65 to −4) and absenteeism costs (‐$1,000; 95%CI: −3573 to −210). For all outcomes, the intervention was on average less expensive and more effective than usual care, and the probability of the intervention being cost‐effective compared to usual care was relatively high (i.e., 0.81) at a willingness‐to‐pay of $0/unit of effect. However, the probability of cost‐effectiveness was not as favourable among sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThe healthy lifestyle intervention seems to be cost‐effective from the societal perspective. However, variability in the sensitivity analyses indicates caution is needed when interpreting these findings.SignificanceThis is an economic evaluation of a randomized controlled trial of a healthy lifestyle intervention for chronic low back pain. The findings suggest that a healthy lifestyle intervention may be cost‐effective relative to usual care.
The type of sport matters: Pain perception of endurance athletes versus strength athletes
Authors: Assa Tal , Geva Nirit , Zarkh Yoni , Defrin Ruth 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundStudies assessing athletes’ pain sensitivity yield inconsistent data, which demonstrate either increased pain threshold and tolerance in athletes than controls or similar thresholds. This inconsistency may result from the variability in the type of sport practiced by the athletes and its effect on pain perception. For example, endurance athletes perform continuous intense exercise for prolonged durations, whereas strength athletes perform short bouts of extreme efforts. Consequently, endurance athletes may tolerate and modulate pain better than strength athletes. This hypothesis was tested by comparing pain perception of endurance athletes with that of strength athletes.MethodsSubjects were 19 endurance athletes (triathletes), 17 strength athletes (weightlifters and throwers) and 17 non‐athlete controls. Quantitative measurements included heat‐pain threshold, heat‐pain tolerance, cold pressor pain ratings, temporal summation of pain (TSP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Fear of pain and pain catastrophizing were also assessed.ResultsThe two athlete groups had lower pain ratings than non‐athletes. However, strength athletes had higher heat‐pain threshold than endurance athletes, whereas endurance athletes had higher heat‐pain tolerance and stronger CPM than strength athletes and lower fear of pain levels. Longer training time correlated with TSP in endurance athletes but with CPM and heat‐pain tolerance in strength athletes.ConclusionsAlthough athletes in general seem less responsive to noxious stimuli than non‐athletes, the type of sport differentially affects pain perception; whereas endurance‐based sport is associated with improved pain inhibition, strength‐based sport is associated with reduced pain sensitivity. These characteristics may be considered when sport is recommended for pain management.SignificanceThis study shows that different sport types are associated with different characteristics of pain perception and modulation, as well as of thoughts towards pain.
Freestanding RGO—Co3O4—PPy Composite Films as Electrodes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Lili , Li Youjian , Luo Dan , Zhang Qinyong , Cai Fanggong , Wan Guojiang , Xiong Lu , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: October 2018

Supercapacitors are of great importance for energy storage and have been the subject of intensive research in recent years, in which conductive polymers are used to make flexible and freestanding electrodes. However, their insufficient access to the electrolytes and the low chemical stability of these conductive polymers lead to their poor performance. To solve these issues, a facile method that can be used to synthesize freestanding composite film electrodes of reduced graphene oxide–cobalt oxide–polypyrrole (RGO—Co3O4—PPy) as supercapacitors is demonstrated. They exhibit a high specific capacitance of 532.8 F g−1 and nearly no degradation after 700 cycles of charging and discharging. The synergistic effect of Co3O4, RGO, and PPy is responsible for the superior property. The three‐phase composite electrode utilizes the RGO nanosheet as a substrate to provide a large surface area for loading Co3O4 nanoparticles and also to enhance the electron transfer. Furthermore, the deposition of PPy largely reduces the resistivity of RGO—Co3O4—PPy, and the introduction of Co3O4 nanoparticles significantly improves cycle stability.
A Novel Method of Synthesizing Boron‐doped Carbon Catalysts
Authors: Suo N. , Huang H. , Wu A. M. , Cao G. Z. , Zhang G. F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBoron‐doped carbon catalysts are prepared by a novel method combining hot filament chemical vapor deposition technique with high temperature annealing treatment. Nano‐boron powders are coated by thin diamond layers and then the coated nano‐boron powders are annealed for different times at 1,300 °C in vacuum. The morphology, microstructure, and chemical bonding states of the synthetized materials have been investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The results indicate that boron atoms have diffused into the carbon lattice and the content of doping boron rises gradually with the increase of annealing time. The characteristic signal of the B‐C bond will vanish and of the signal B4C will appear, if the annealing time is too long. The experimental results of rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry illustrate that the catalyst obtained after annealing for 2 h has the highest electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The response current characterized by chronoamperometry exhibits that the deposits with a higher catalytic activity have a poorer stability and methanol tolerance.
Why and how do foreign institutional investors outperform domestic investors in futures trading: Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Chuang Yi‐Wei , Lin Yu‐Fen , Weng Pei‐Shih 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA unique data set containing all transactions from the Taiwan Futures Exchange allows us to dissect the long‐lasting outperformance of foreign institutional investors in this emerging market. We show that foreign institutional investors comprehensively outperform domestic investors in trade directions, submission types, trading counterparties, order sizes, and order aggressiveness. Although submitting passive orders increases the trading profits of each investor group significantly, particularly for foreign institutions, the most passive domestic trades still lose to the most aggressive foreign institutional trades. We suggest that information advantage plays a more important role than order submission strategy in foreign institutional investors’ superior performance.
Traumatic brain injury‐induced neuronal damage in the somatosensory cortex causes formation of rod‐shaped microglia that promote astrogliosis and persistent neuroinflammation
Authors: Witcher Kristina G. , Bray Chelsea E. , Dziabis Julia E. , McKim Daniel B. , Benner Brooke N. , Rowe Rachel K. , Kokiko‐Cochran Olga N. , Popovich Phillip G. , Lifshitz Jonathan , Eiferman Daniel S. , Godbout Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMicroglia undergo dynamic structural and transcriptional changes during the immune response to traumatic brain injury (TBI). For example, TBI causes microglia to form rod‐shaped trains in the cerebral cortex, but their contribution to inflammation and pathophysiology is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the origin and alignment of rod microglia and to determine the role of microglia in propagating persistent cortical inflammation. Here, diffuse TBI in mice was modeled by midline fluid percussion injury (FPI). Bone marrow chimerism and BrdU pulse‐chase experiments revealed that rod microglia derived from resident microglia with limited proliferation. Novel data also show that TBI‐induced rod microglia were proximal to axotomized neurons, spatially overlapped with dense astrogliosis, and aligned with apical pyramidal dendrites. Furthermore, rod microglia formed adjacent to hypertrophied microglia, which clustered among layer V pyramidal neurons. To better understand the contribution of microglia to cortical inflammation and injury, microglia were eliminated prior to TBI by CSF1R antagonism (PLX5622). Microglial elimination did not affect cortical neuron axotomy induced by TBI, but attenuated rod microglial formation and astrogliosis. Analysis of 262 immune genes revealed that TBI caused profound cortical inflammation acutely (8 hr) that progressed in nature and complexity by 7 dpi. For instance, gene expression related to complement, phagocytosis, toll‐like receptor signaling, and interferon response were increased 7 dpi. Critically, these acute and chronic inflammatory responses were prevented by microglial elimination. Taken together, TBI‐induced neuronal injury causes microglia to structurally associate with neurons, augment astrogliosis, and propagate diverse and persistent inflammatory/immune signaling pathways.
Factors affecting the choice of health care utilisation between private and public services among the elderly population in India
Authors: Chatterjee Chandrima , Nayak Narayan Chandra , Mahakud Jitendra , Chatterjee Suhita Chopra 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIndia is experiencing rapid population ageing in recent years. One of the most concomitant issues is the choice of health care services among the elderly, leading to its impact on the magnitude of health expenditure. Applying Andersen's Health Behavioural Model, this study identifies the predictors of the choice of inpatient health care services among the Indian elderly between private and public services. It also examines the nature of interregional disparity in the choice of health care services. Using NSSO data, the results suggest that the elderly belonging to upper caste and having higher levels of education, higher incomes, larger family size, and needing surgery are likely to choose private health care, while those experiencing higher economic dependence, chronic diseases, and higher duration of hospitalisation tend to prefer public inpatient services. The magnitude and significance of these factors, however, vary across regions. The findings of the study provide an understanding of the preferences of the India's geriatric population over hospital services, which may help policymakers better understand their health care needs.
Evolution of quality of life and health‐related behaviors among Spanish university students
Authors: Faílde Garrido José María , Ruiz Soriano Laura , Pérez Fernández María Reyes , Lameiras Fernández María , Rodríguez Castro Yolanda 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAt the beginning of their academic studies (testing phase), the quality of life and certain health‐related behaviors were evaluated. Four years later (retest phase), they were reevaluated. Between the two evaluation periods, a health promotion (HP) program was applied. The battery of instruments included measures: health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), alcoholic and nicotine dependence, eating habits, physical activity, and sexual behaviors. It also included a number of sociodemographic data. The results show that, in general, the students reported adequate levels of HRQOL, and there were no important differences between the two evaluation moments. Regarding dietary behavior, no significant changes were detected in the pattern of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, which remained at an average level of adequacy. On the contrary, significant decreases were detected in relation to alcohol and tobacco dependence as well as significant increases in physical activity levels. Lastly, with regard to sexual behavior, although certain aspects of improvement were perceived, there is a need to increase awareness of the systematic use of condoms. In conclusion, this study provides relevant information that will serve as a starting point for monitoring changes in health behaviors and for the design and implementation of HP actions directed at university students.