bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of chitosan membranes after nerve‐sparing radical prostatectomy improves early recovery of sexual potency: results of a comparative study
Authors: Porpiglia Francesco , Manfredi Matteo , Checcucci Enrico , Garrou Diletta , De Cillis Sabrina , Amparore Daniele , De Luca Stefano , Fregnan Federica , Stura Ilaria , Migliaretti Giuseppe , Fiori Cristian 
Published: October 2018

Objectives

To evaluate the 1‐year efficacy of chitosan membrane (ChiMe) application on the neurovascular bundles (NVBs) after nerve‐sparing (NS) robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in potency recovery rate.

To compare the results with those of a contemporary cohort of patients who did not benefit from chitosan use.

Patients and MethodsPatients in the ChiMe group were enrolled at our institution from July 2015 to September 2016 in a preliminary phase II study. All of them underwent NS‐RARP with ChiMe applied on the NVBs and were followed over time to complete a 1‐year follow‐up. The control group was composed of patients who underwent NS‐RARP at our institution without the application of ChiMe from January 2015. The patients were further classified into two groups based on the amount of nerves spared: Group A, comprised patients who underwent a monolateral or bilateral full NS; Group B, comprised patients in which a full NS was not performed. The demographics, peri‐ and postoperative data, and complications were recorded and compared. Potency recovery was recorded for Group A vs Group B in both the ChiMe and the control groups.ResultsIn all, 136 patients were enrolled in the ChiMe group and 334 patients in the control group. There were no differences between groups in terms of baseline variables. Based on the amount of nerves preserved, 183 patients were included in Group A and 287 in Group B. Odds ratios at different time points showed that the only two factors influencing potency recovery were the amount of nerves preserved (Group A vs Group B) and the application or not of ChiMe on the NVBs spared. Comparing the ChiMe vs control groups at different time points, we found a statistically significant improvement in the potency recovery rate in the ChiMe group at 1 month (36.76% vs 25.88%; P = 0.02) and 2 months (52.2% vs 39.22%; P = 0.01) after surgery, showing a favourable trend at every time point of the entire follow‐up period, even if not significant after the second postoperative month. In Group A, the log‐rank test showed a statistically significant difference between the ChiMe vs control groups (P = 0.02), in particular at 1 and 2 months after surgery (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively).ConclusionThe application of ChiMe on the NVBs resulted in a higher potency recovery rate at 1 and 2 months after a bilateral or monolateral full NS‐RARP. A trend of a higher and shorter potency recovery rate showed it to be favourable to use ChiMe, even in the cohort of patients who did not undergo a full NS procedure.
Prostate cancer in 432 men aged <50 years in the prostate‐specific antigen era: a new outlook
Authors: Gielchinsky Ilan , Chang John , Cusick Thomas , Delprado Warick , Nguyen Quoc , Yuen Carlo , Savdie Richard , Böhm Maret , Haynes Anne‐Maree , Scheltema Matthijs J. , Stricker Phillip D. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of prostate cancer (PCa) in 432 consecutive patients aged < 50 years in the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) era.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on all patients with PCa (14 570) from the years 1994 to 2017. A total of 432 consecutive patients aged < 50 years were identified. The patients were stratified by D'Amico risk groups, and their clinical presentation and treatment outcomes were analysed. The rates of biochemical recurrence after surgery were compared with the D'Amico prediction model as well as with older propensity‐score‐matched patients. The surgical pathology results in patients undergoing active surveillance (AS) were compared with those of low‐risk patients who underwent immediate surgery.ResultsA total of 44%, 42% and 13% of patients harboured low‐risk, intermediate‐risk and high‐risk PCa, respectively. Their median age was 47 years and a positive family history of PCa was reported in 39.1%. Clinical stage was T1 in 65.5% and T2 in 30.0% of patients, and 2.0% of patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Radical prostatectomy (RP) was performed in 78.4% of patients (n = 339) and the biochemical recurrence rates were 7.8% (low‐risk), 15.3% (intermediate‐risk) and 23.3% (high‐risk) at 5 years post‐surgery. These rates were lower than expected according to the D'Amico prediction model or when compared with older matched patients. A total of 74 patients with low‐risk PCa underwent AS and only 17.6% (n = 13) required radical treatment after a median follow‐up of 46 months. The surgical pathology results in patients undergoing ASdid not differ significantly from patients with low‐risk PCa who underwent immediate surgery (positive surgical margins [P = 0.145], tumour volume [P = 0.257] or seminal vesicle involvement [P = 0.100]). Of the present cohort, only 0.4% died from PCa during a median follow‐up of 65 months.ConclusionsThe clinical presentation and prognosis of young patients has changed dramatically during the PSA era. Patients nowadays present with lower‐risk disease that can be treated adequately, with reassuring biochemical recurrence rates at 5 years post‐surgery. AS appears to be safe in patients with low‐risk. PCa.
Reinforce the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells via glutamine restriction
Authors: Nabe Shogo , Yamada Takeshi , Suzuki Junpei , Toriyama Koji , Yasuoka Toshiaki , Kuwahara Makoto , Shiraishi Atsushi , Takenaka Katsuto , Yasukawa Masaki , Yamashita Masakatsu 
Published: October 2018

The antitumor activity of activated CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment seems to be limited due to their being metabolically unfit. This metabolic unfitness is closely associated with T‐cell exhaustion and impairment of memory formation, which are barriers to successful antitumor adoptive immunotherapy. We therefore assessed the role of glutamine metabolism in the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells using a tumor‐inoculated mouse model. The adoptive transfer of tumor‐specific CD8+ T cells cultured under glutamine‐restricted (dGln) conditions or CD8+ T cells treated with specific inhibitors of glutamine metabolism efficiently eliminated tumors and led to better survival of tumor‐inoculated mice than with cells cultured under control (Ctrl) conditions. The decreased expression of PD‐1 and increased Ki67 positivity among tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells cultured under dGln conditions suggested that the inhibition of glutamine metabolism prevents CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion in vivo. Furthermore, the transferred CD8+ T cells cultured under dGln conditions expanded more efficiently against secondary OVA stimulation than did CD8+ T cells under Ctrl conditions. We found that the expression of a pro‐survival factor and memory T cell‐related transcription factors was significantly higher in CD8+ T cells cultured under dGln conditions than in those cultured under Ctrl conditions. Given these findings, our study uncovered an important role of glutamine metabolism in the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells. The novel adoptive transfer of tumor‐specific CD8+ T cells cultured in glutamine‐restricted conditions may be a promising approach to improve the efficacy of cell‐based adoptive immunotherapy.
FBXW7 modulates malignant potential and cisplatin‐induced apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma through NOTCH1 and MCL1
Authors: Mori Akiko , Masuda Kunihiro , Ohtsuka Hideo , Shijo Masahiro , Ariake Kyohei , Fukase Koji , Sakata Naoaki , Mizuma Masamichi , Morikawa Takanori , Hayashi Hiroki , Nakagawa Kei , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Naitoh Takeshi , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Unno Michiaki 
Published: October 2018

The ubiquitin ligase F‐box and WD repeat domain‐containing 7 (FBXW7) is responsible for degrading diverse oncoproteins and is considered a tumor suppressor in many human cancers. Inhibiting FBXW7 enhances the malignant potential of several cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of FBXW7 in cholangiocarcinoma. We found that FBXW7 expression was associated with clinicopathological outcomes in cholangiocarcinoma patients. Both disease‐free and overall survival were significantly worse in the low‐FBXW7 group than in the high‐FBXW7 group (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). Multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model indicated that FBXW7 was the most important independent prognostic factor for disease‐free (P = .006) and overall (P = .0004) survival. We also showed that the two FBXW7 substrates, NOTCH1 and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL1), regulate cholangiocarcinoma progression. Depletion of FBXW7 resulted in NOTCH1 accumulation and increased cholangiocarcinoma cell migration and self‐renewal. Interestingly, when cells were stimulated with cis‐diamminedichloridoplatinum(II) (cisplatin), FBXW7 suppression induced MCL1 upregulation, which reduced the sensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma cells to apoptosis, indicating that FBXW7‐mediated ubiquitylation is context‐dependent. These results indicate that FBXW7 modulates the malignant potential of cholangiocarcinoma through independent regulation of NOTCH1 and MCL1.
Needs of families of children with cerebral palsy in Bangladesh: A qualitative study
Authors: Nuri Reshma Parvin , Aldersey Heather Michelle , Ghahari Setareh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeFamilies of children with disabilities often have needs related to the care of their child with a disability. Although there has been extensive exploration of family needs in high‐income contexts, there is little known about this issue in low and middle‐income countries like Bangladesh. In this study, we explored the needs of families of children with cerebral palsy in Bangladesh. Such understanding is important as it will help to improve services for children with disabilities and their families.MethodsWe used a qualitative approach and interviewed 20 family members of children with cerebral palsy who visited the Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed, Bangladesh. We thematically analyzed data from semistructured interviews.ResultsFive different themes were found on needs of families with children with disabilities: (a) financial needs, (b) needs for disability‐related services, (c) needs for family and community cohesion, (d) informational needs, and (e) emotional needs. Participants overwhelmingly reported that financial needs were their highest priority.ConclusionNeeds of families of children with disabilities must be considered in rehabilitation services to improve children's outcomes. Further studies are required to explore needs of families of children with disabilities who do not have access to rehabilitation services.
Comparison of allogeneic and autogenous bone grafts for augmentation of alveolar ridge defects—A 12‐month retrospective radiographic evaluation
Authors: Kloss Frank R. , Offermanns Vincent , Kloss‐Brandstätter Anita 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare three‐dimensional alterations following the use of autogenous versus allogeneic onlay grafts for augmentation at single tooth defects.Materials and methodsAlveolar bone width at specific implant sites were assessed using sagittal and cross‐sectional CBCT images prior grafting and at three subsequent time points. Twenty‐one patients received autogenous bone blocks harvested from the retromolar region and another 21 patients received freeze‐dried cancellous allogeneic bone blocks.ResultsThe vertical and horizontal dimensions did not significantly differ between autogenous and allogeneic bone grafts at any time point. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in graft remodeling rates between autogenous (mean shrinkage rate after 12 months: 12.5% ± 7.8%) and allogeneic onlay grafts (mean shrinkage rate after 12 months: 14.4% ± 9.8%).ConclusionsFreeze‐dried cancellous allogeneic bone blocks showed equivalent volumetric shrinkage rates as autogenous bone blocks when used for treating circumscribed bone defects classified as Type‐II to Type‐IV according to the ITI‐treatment guide categories. Therefore, it is not necessary to over‐contour the alveolar ridge when using allogeneic blocks for treating single tooth defects, but to apply the same procedure as when using autogenous blocks.
Does transanal local resection increase morbidity for subsequent total mesorectal excision for early rectal cancer?
Authors: Coton C. , Lefevre J. H. , Debove C. , Creavin B. , Chafai N. , Tiret E. , Parc Y. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimLocal excision is recommended for early rectal cancer (pT1). Complementary total mesorectal excision (cTME) is warranted when bad pathological features are present. The impact of a prior local resection on the outcome remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess if prior local excision increases the morbidity of a subsequent cTME compared with primary TME.MethodsFrom 2001 to 2016 all patients who underwent TME after local excision for rectal adenocarcinoma were studied. All were matched (1:1) with patients who underwent primary TME, without neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. The matching factors included age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score and type of surgery. Short‐term morbidity and pathological examination of the resected specimen were compared.ResultsForty‐one patients were included (14 women, 34%, mean age 65 ± 11 years), comprising classic transanal excision (66%) and transanal endoscopic microsurgery (34%), and were matched to 41 patients who had primary TME. cTME was significantly longer (315 min ± 87 vs 275 min ± 58, P = 0.03). The overall morbidity was 48.8% in the local excision group vs 31.7% in the control group (P = 0.18). Surgical morbidity was 31.7% vs 26.8% (P = 0.8). Anastomotic related morbidity was similar (local excision 17% vs TME 14.6%, P = 0.84) and the mean length of stay was similar (14 days) in both groups. There was a tendency to a worse quality of mesorectal excision in the cTME group (17% vs 5%, P = 0.15).ConclusionLocal excision prior to TME for early rectal cancer tends to increase overall morbidity and may worsen the quality of the mesorectal plane but should be considered as a surgical approach in select cases.
The utility of the Milan System as a risk stratification tool for salivary gland fine needle aspiration cytology specimens
Authors: Song Sharon J. , Shafique Khurram , Wong Lawrence Q. , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Montone Kathleen T. , Baloch Zubair 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo perform a retrospective investigation of our institutional experience with salivary gland fine needle aspirations (FNA) through the framework of The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) and assess the risks of neoplasm and malignancy for each diagnostic category.MethodsAll salivary gland FNAs performed from January 2009 to December 2016 were retrospectively categorised according to the MSRSGC. When available, pre‐operative cytological results were correlated with subsequent histological follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 893 FNAs were reviewed. The specimens were retrospectively classified as nondiagnostic (ND: 13.5%), non‐neoplastic (NN: 16.1%), atypia of undetermined significance (AUS: 10.8%), benign neoplasm (BN: 34.9%), salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP: 8.2%), suspicious for malignancy (SM: 2.7%) and malignant (M: 13.8%). Histological follow‐up was available for 429 cases (48%); the majority (68.1%) were benign. The risks of neoplasm and malignancy for each category were as follows: ND: 64.5%, 16.1%; NN: 42.9%, 17.9%; AUS: 79.6%, 30.6%; BN: 100%, 2.2%; SUMP: 100%, 46.6%; SM: 94.7%, 78.9%; and M: 100%, 98.5%.ConclusionsThe MSRSGC is a useful classification scheme for stratifying salivary gland lesions according to their associated risk of malignancy and guiding clinicians toward appropriate management. Diagnostic pitfalls are seen in a small proportion of cases and a multidisciplinary approach for assessing salivary gland pathology is essential in their evaluation.
The Recovery Strengths Questionnaire for alcohol and drug use disorders
Authors: Rettie Hannah C. , Hogan Lee M. , Cox W. Miles 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe Recovery Strengths Questionnaire (RSQ) is a 15‐item self‐report questionnaire that assesses an addicted individual's recovery strengths. This study aimed to validate the RSQ as a measure of recovery capital.Design and MethodsAs part of a larger study, 151 participants in addiction recovery groups from across the UK completed the RSQ. Participants also completed the Assessment of Recovery Capital questionnaire and provided some demographic information.ResultsThe RSQ was found to be psychometrically sound, with high internal consistency and concurrent validity with the Assessment of Recovery Capital. RSQ scores were positively correlated with length of time in recovery and length of membership in recovery groups, and the scores could be used to discriminate between those in early and late recovery. Principal components analysis revealed a two‐factor structure of recovery capital. These two factors were named ‘within‐group recovery strengths’ and ‘externally generated recovery strengths’, and it was found that only the within‐group factor scale (i.e. resources developed within recovery groups) predicted length of time in recovery and recovery groups.Discussion and ConclusionsThese results highlight the important role that recovery groups can play in an individual's recovery, and they provide an alternative factor structure to the one‐factor structure of the Assessment of Recovery Capital.
Thermoforming method to effectively maintain mouthguard thickness: Effect of moving the model position just before vacuum formation
Authors: Takahashi Mutsumi , Bando Yogetsu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsMouthguards can reduce the risk of sports‐related injuries but the sheet material and thickness have a large effect on their efficacy and safety. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the thermoforming technique that moves the model position just before vacuum formation.Materials and MethodsEthylene vinyl acetate sheets of 4.0‐mm thickness and a vacuum forming machine were used. The working model was placed with its anterior rim positioned 40 mm from the front of the forming table. Three forming conditions were compared: (a) The sheet was formed when it sagged 15 mm at the top of the post under normal conditions (control); (b) the sheet frame was lowered to and heated at 50 mm from the level of ordinary use, and the sheet was formed when it sagged 15 mm (LH); and (c) the sheet frame at the top of the post was lowered and covered on the model when it sagged 15 mm. Subsequently, the rear side of the model was pushed to move it forward 20 mm, and it was then formed (MP). Sheet thickness after fabrication was determined for the incisal edge, labial surface, and buccal surface using a specialized caliper accurate to 0.1 mm. Thickness differences among forming conditions were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests.ResultsA significant difference was observed for all measurement points, and the thickness after formation increased in the order of control, LH, and MP. Particularly on the labial surface, MP was able to yield about 1.7 times the thickness (about 3.1 mm) of the control.ConclusionThe forming method of moving the model forward just before vacuum formation was effective for suppressing the mouthguard thickness reduction, which is capable of securing the labial thickness at 3 mm or more with a single layer.
The association of childhood sleep problems with the prevalence of traumatic dental injury in schoolchildren
Authors: Todero Sara R. B. , Cavalcante‐Leão Bianca L. , Fraiz Fabian C. , Rebellato Nelson L. B. , Ferreira Fernanda M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground/AimSleep quality exerts an influence on attention level and motor skills and is associated with accidental injuries in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between traumatic dental injury and sleep behaviour in children.Material and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in a small city in southern Brazil with a representative sample of schoolchildren aged 8‐10 years (n = 537). Weight and height were measured, and examinations were performed for the determination of clinical occlusion and traumatic dental injury. The parents answered the Sleep Behaviour Questionnaire and questions addressing socio‐demographic characteristics.ResultsThe prevalence of traumatic dental injury was 22% (95% CI: 19‐26) and was higher among children who woke three to four times per night (PR = 3.30; 95% CI: 2.47‐4.39), those who fell asleep in the parental bed (PR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.09‐1.83), those who were not in a good mood on waking up in the morning (PR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02‐1.65), those who became sleepy while sitting and/or studying (PR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.09‐2.24) and while watching TV (PR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.0005‐1.97) and those who had bad dreams (PR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.04‐1.76). The Poisson multiple regression model with a multilevel approach revealed that the prevalence of traumatic dental injury was 1.51‐fold higher among children with daytime drowsiness (PR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.11‐2.04) after adjusting for socio‐demographic, occlusal and anthropometric variables.ConclusionSleep problems were associated with a higher prevalence of traumatic dental injury among the children analysed.
Phytophthora species detected in the rhizosphere of Alnus glutinosa stands in the Floodplain Forests of Western Turkey
Authors: Aday Kaya Ayse Gülden , Lehtijärvi Asko , Şaşmaz Yusuf , Nowakowska Justyna A. , Oszako Tomasz , Doğmuş Lehtijärvi Hatice Tuğba , Woodward Stephen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe occurrence of Phytophthora species in Alnus glutinosa stands in the Karacabey and Iğneada floodplain forests was investigated. Twenty‐seven soil samples taken from the rhizosphere of declining trees (without bark symptoms) were baited for Phytophthora. In total, 311 Phytophthora isolates were obtained following culturing on selective medium. On the basis of the morphological characteristics and the ITS sequences of the rDNA, Phytophthora plurivora accounted for 83% of the rhizosphere isolates. In addition to P. plurivora, P. gonapodyides (9%), P. chlamydospora (3.8%), P. lacustris (2.5%) and P. aff. cactorum (2%) were isolated from the surveyed areas. No P. × alni was detected in the present work. This paper is the first to report the isolation of P. plurivora and P. aff. cactorum from the rhizosphere of Alnus species in Turkey.