bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Short Adherence Questionnaire for Children Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya
Authors: Vreeman Rachel Christine , Scanlon Michael Lawrence , Tu Wanzhu , Slaven James , Ayaya Samuel , Nyandiko Winstone 
Published: December 2018

Background: There are few validated tools to measure adherence for children living with HIV. We identified questionnaire items for caregivers of Kenyan children aged <15 years living with HIV. Methods: Caregiver–child dyads were followed for 6 months. At monthly visits, the child’s HIV provider administered a 10-item questionnaire to the caregiver. Children were given electronic dose monitors (Medication Event Monitoring Systems [MEMS]). Correlation between questionnaire items and dichotomized MEMS adherence (≥90% doses taken versus <90%) was investigated using logistic regression models. Results: In 95 caregiver–child dyads, mean age of children (40% female) was 8.3 years. Items associated with higher odds of MEMS adherence in multivariable analysis included the father giving the child medication, being enrolled in a nutrition program, and the caregiver reporting no difficulties giving the child medication. Conclusion: Providers typically ask about missed doses, but asking about caregiver responsibilities and difficulties in giving the child medication may better detect suboptimal adherence.
Older Age Predicts Worse Function 1 Year After an Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Prognostic Multicenter Study on 391 Patients
Authors: Westin Olof , Svedman Simon , Senorski Eric Hamrin , Svantesson Eleonor , Nilsson-Helander Katarina , Karlsson Jón , Ackerman Paul , Samuelsson Kristian 
Published: December 2018

Background: There is limited evidence regarding the patient-related factors that influence treatment outcomes after an acute Achilles tendon rupture. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of functional and patient-reported outcomes 1 year after an acute Achilles tendon rupture using a multicenter cohort and to determine patient characteristics for reporting within the top and bottom 10% of the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) and heel-rise height outcomes. The hypothesis was that older age, greater body mass index (BMI), and female sex would lead to inferior outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients were selected by combining 5 randomized controlled trials from 2 different centers in Sweden. Functional outcomes were assessed using validated heel-rise tests (height, number of repetitions, total work, and concentric power) for muscular endurance and strength, and the relationship between injured and uninjured legs was calculated as the limb symmetry index (LSI). Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the ATRS. All outcomes were collected at the 1-year follow-up. Independent predictors included were patient sex, smoking, BMI, age, and surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. Results: Of the 391 included patients, 307 (79%) were treated surgically. The LSI of heel-rise height at the 1-year follow-up decreased by approximately 4% for every 10-year increment in age (beta, –3.94 [95% CI, –6.19 to –1.69]; P = .0006). In addition, every 10-year increment in age resulted in a 1.79-fold increase in the odds of being in the lowest 10% of the LSI of heel-rise height. Moreover, a nonsignificant superior LSI of heel-rise height was found in patients treated surgically compared with nonsurgical treatment (beta, –4.49 [95% CI, –9.14 to 0.16]; P = .058). No significant predictor was related to the ATRS. Smoking, patient sex, and BMI did not significantly affect the 1-year results for the LSI of the heel-rise tests. Conclusion: Older age at the time of injury negatively affected heel-rise height 1 year after an Achilles tendon rupture. Irrespective of age, a nonsignificant relationship toward the superior recovery of heel-rise height was seen in patients treated surgically. None of the factors studied affected patient-reported outcomes.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on the construction of regional electronic commerce large data analysis platform
Authors: Zhang Peng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe construction of regional electronic commerce large data analysis platform is studied. First, the collaborative filtering algorithm is focused on the further elaboration. According to the demand of the recommendation system of the electronic commerce large data analysis platform of a certain agricultural product, the most core part of the recommendation system is realized and the collaborative filtering algorithm is improved emphatically. Based on the large user behavior data accumulated by the regional e-commerce platform, by mining the user’s implicit evaluation of the merchandise, the sparsity of the scoring matrix is reduced, and the recommended effect of the algorithm is improved. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the data processing of the regional electronic Commerce large data analysis platform.
Saturated Fat Ingestion Promotes Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: González Frank , Considine Robert V , Abdelhadi Ola A , Acton Anthony J 
Published: December 2018

AbstractContextInflammation and insulin resistance (IR) are often present in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).ObjectiveWe determined the effect of saturated fat ingestion on circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mononuclear cell (MNC) toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) in women with PCOS.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAcademic medical center.PatientsNineteen reproductive-age women with PCOS (10 lean, 9 obese) and 19 ovulatory control subjects (10 lean, 9 obese).Main Outcome MeasuresLPS and TNFα levels were measured in plasma. TLR-4 and SOCS-3 mRNA and protein content were quantified in MNC from blood collected after fasting and 2, 3, and 5 hours after saturated fat ingestion. Insulin sensitivity was derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (ISOGTT). Androgen secretion was assessed from blood collected after fasting and 24, 48, and 72 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration.ResultsRegardless of PCOS status, subjects who were obese had lipid-induced increases in circulating LPS and TLR-4 protein content compared with subjects who were lean. Lean and obese women with PCOS had lipid-induced increases in plasma TNFα and SOCS-3 mRNA and protein content compared with lean control subjects. Both PCOS groups had lower ISOGTT and greater HCG-stimulated androgen secretion compared with control subjects. The LPS and SOCS-3 responses were negatively correlated with ISOGTT and positively correlated with HCG-stimulated androgen secretion.ConclusionIn PCOS, lipid-induced LPS-mediated inflammation through TLR-4 is associated with obesity and worsened by PCOS, whereas lipid-induced increases in SOCS-3 may represent an obesity-independent, TNFα-mediated mechanism of IR.
Evaluation of Various Soil Moisture Sensors in Four Different Soil Types
Authors: da Silva Tonny José Araújo , Bonfim-Silva Edna Maria , Pacheco Adriano Bicioni , Duarte Thiago Franco , Sousa Helon Hébano de Freitas , José Jefferson Vieira 
Published: December 2018

Abstract.Accurate measurements of soil moisture content can contribute to resource conservation in irrigated systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate various soil moisture sensors (a porous cup tensiometer, Diviner 2000, PR2, XH300, PM100, and ML3; the mention of model names does not constitute an implied endorsement) used in four different soil types. The experiment was conducted inside a greenhouse using a specially constructed box that contained the soil samples. The soil samples were first saturated and subsequently drained before starting the measurements. The soil moisture content was determined by the oven-drying method. Using the standard deviation of the sensor readings, regression analyses were performed, resulting in calibration equations and coefficient of determination (R2) values for each sensor and soil type combination. The porous cup tensiometer, Diviner 2000, PR2, and ML3 measurements resulted in excellent R2 values that exceeded 0.95 for the four soils. However, measurements with the XH300 and PM100 sensors resulted in R2 values of 0.37 to 0.86 and 0.61 to 0.94, respectively, limiting their scientific applicability for the studied soils. Therefore, the porous cup tensiometer, Diviner 2000, PR2, and ML3 estimated the soil moisture content with greater confidence than did the other sensors and with an error of less than 5%. Keywords: Calibration, Tensiometer, Volumetric water content.
Laboring to Belong: Differentiation, Spatial Relocation, and the Ironic Presence of (Un)Documented Immigrants in the United Farm Workers “Take Our Jobs” Campaign
Authors: Flores Lisa A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn 2010, the United Farm Workers (UFW) launched a campaign titled “Take Our Jobs!” Explicitly directed at “Americans,” the campaign promised UFW training to applicants for jobs in the nation’s fields. With references to (un)documented immigrants within the nation, the campaign located debates on immigration within the nation, not at the border. I argue that the campaign relied upon irony and visibility politics, generating a logic of absurd reality that allowed audiences to differentiate themselves from (un)documented immigrants in ways that both reinscribe the racial figure of the deportable Mexican and see that figure, at least momentarily, in a humane way.
Osmanlı Çileği’nin Gastronomik Kimlik Unsuru Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Köşker Hasan , Ercan Fatih , Albuz Nalan 
Published: December 2018

Sadece bir yörede yetişen ya da o yöreye özgü
usullerle sunulan ürünler gastronomik kimliğin temel bileşenlerini
oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Osmanlı Çileği’nin gastronomik bir kimlik
olarak değerlendirilmesine yönelik durum tespitinin yapılması amaçlanmaktadır.
Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Nitel veri toplama aracı
olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır.
22 katılımcıdan elde edilen verilerin betimsel analizleri yapılmıştır. Analiz
sonucunda, Karadeniz Ereğli’ye özgü olan Osmanlı Çileği’nin yörede 100 yıldır
yetiştirildiği, nazik yapısı, küçük ve orta büyüklükteki meyvesi, basık küre
şeklindeki görüntüsü, aknelerinin içe gömüklüğü, aroması, keskin kokusu, açık
pembemsi rengi ve lezzeti ile diğer çilek türlerinden farklı olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler ışığında, Osmanlı Çileği’nin
Karadeniz Ereğli’nin gastronomik kimliğini oluşturabilecek bir ürün olduğu
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. . Karadeniz
Ereğli ile özdeşleşen Osmanlı Çileği’nin isminin tescil edilmesi ve coğrafi
işaret ile yasal koruma altına alınması gerektiği düşünülmektedir
Domestication and Temperature Modulate Gene Expression Signatures and Growth in the Australasian SnapperChrysophrys auratus
Authors: Wellenreuther Maren , Le Luyer Jérémy , Cook Denham , Ritchie Peter A , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIdentifying genes and pathways involved in domestication is critical to understand how species change in response to human-induced selection pressures, such as increased temperatures. Given the profound influence of temperature on fish metabolism and organismal performance, a comparison of how temperature affects wild and domestic strains of snapper is an important question to address. We experimentally manipulated temperature conditions for F1-hatchery and wild Australasian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) for 18 days to mimic seasonal extremes and measured differences in growth, white muscle RNA transcription and hematological parameters. Over 2.2 Gb paired-end reads were assembled de novo for a total set of 33,017 transcripts (N50 = 2,804). We found pronounced growth and gene expression differences between wild and domesticated individuals related to global developmental and immune pathways. Temperature-modulated growth responses were linked to major pathways affecting metabolism, cell regulation and signaling. This study is the first step toward gaining an understanding of the changes occurring in the early stages of domestication, and the mechanisms underlying thermal adaptation and associated growth in poikilothermic vertebrates. Our study further provides the first transcriptome resources for studying biological questions in this non-model fish species.
Efficacy and Safety of EMLA Cream for Pain Control Due to Venipuncture in Infants: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Shahid Shaneela , Florez Ivan D. , Mbuagbaw Lawrence 
Published: December 2018

CONTEXT:
The eutectic mixture of lidocaine (EMLA) cream has been used to reduce the pain during venipuncture in infants.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the efficacy and safety of EMLA in infants &lt;3 months of age requiring venipuncture in comparison with nonpharmacological interventions in terms of pain reduction, change in physiologic variables, and methemoglobinemia.

DATA SOURCES:
Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, and gray literature were searched from inception to August 2017, without language restrictions.

STUDY SELECTION:
We selected randomized controlled trials in which researchers compared EMLA with nonpharmacological interventions.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two reviewers independently performed abstract screening and full-text review, and extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias.

RESULTS:
Ten randomized controlled trials (907 infants) were included. EMLA revealed little or no effect in reduction of pain (standardized mean difference: 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.17 to 0.45; 6 trials, n = 742; moderate-quality evidence) when EMLA was compared with sucrose, breastfeeding, or placebo. In comparison with placebo, EMLA revealed a small-to-moderate effect on increasing methemoglobin levels (mean difference: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.66; 2 trials, n = 134; low-quality evidence). There was an increased risk of blanching of the skin in the EMLA group (relative risk: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.58 to 4.38; 2 trials, n = 123; I2 = 84%, very low–quality evidence).

LIMITATIONS:
Our results may not be applicable to older infants.

CONCLUSIONS:
EMLA reveals minimal benefits in terms of reduction of pain due to venipuncture procedure in comparison with placebo and no benefit in comparison with sucrose and/or breastfeeding. Moreover, it produced an elevation in methemoglobin levels and skin blanching.
A Modern Homonegativitás Skála magyarországi adaptációja
Authors: Török Zsófia , Rakovics Márton , Pénzes Melinda , Terebessy András , Pongor Vince , Csépe Péter 
Published: December 2018

Háttér
A leszbikus, meleg, biszexuális és transznemű (LMBT) személyek a többi kisebbségi csoporthoz hasonlóan egészségi szempontból veszélyeztetett populációnak számítanak. Megfelelő ellátásukat nehezítheti az egészségügyi személyzet részéről megmutatkozó előítéletesség, amely befolyásolja a megfelelő orvos–beteg kapcsolatot is. Mindezidáig nem készült olyan magyar felmérés, amely az egészségügyben dolgozók LMBT személyekkel kapcsolatos attitűdjeit vizsgálta volna, azért sem, mert nem állt rendelkezésre erre alkalmas validált, magyar nyelvű kérdőív.

Célkitűzés
A kutatás célja a Modern Homonegativitás Skála (MHS) kérdőív kulturális adaptációja és pszichometriai jellemzőinek vizsgálata.

Módszerek
Az MHS kérdőív hazai adaptációját hat lépésből álló módszertan szerint végeztük. A magyar nyelvű változatot 194 orvostanhallgató (Semmelweis Egyetem) és gyógypedagógus-hallgató (Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem) töltötte ki a keresztmetszeti vizsgálat során (31,8% férfi; átlagéletkor: 22,2 év, SD = 1,60 év, terjedelem: 18–29 év).

Eredmények
A kérdőívet magas belső konzisztencia jellemezi (Cronbach-α: 0,91, illetve 0,90 a homoszexuális férfiakra (MHS-G) és a leszbikus nőkre (MHS-L) vonatkozó változatokban). Konfirmatív faktoranalízissel igazoltuk a skála egydimenziós struktúráját (MHS-G: χ2 (54) = 135,69; p < 0,001; RMSEA = 0,09; CFI = 0,92; TLI = 0,91; MHS-L: χ2 (54) = 182,45; p < 0,001; RMSEA = 0,11; CFI = 0,89; TLI = 0,86). A három hét időintervallumban mért teszt–reteszt korreláció értéke 0,94. Az MHS mindkét alskáláján mért értékek pozitívan korrelálnak a kérdőív validálásának érdekében felvett, régi típusú homonegativitást vizsgáló Orvostanhallgatói Attitűd Kérdések pontszámaival (MHS-G: r = 0,59; p < 0,001; MHS-L: r = 0,56; p < 0,001).

Következtetések
Az MHS adaptációja sikeres volt, magyar változata homoszexuális és leszbikus személyekkel kapcsolatos attitűdök vizsgálatára alkalmas mérőeszköznek bizonyult.
Variability in the Incidence of Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Diseases Among Children Aged 15–17 Years by Constituents of the Russian Federation (a Population-Based Study)
Authors: Pilguy Eleonora I. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Murashkin Nikolay N. , Gundarov Igor A. 
Published: December 2018

Background. Taking into account the variability in the incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases among children aged 15–17 years by constituents of Russia is an important condition for optimizing pediatric dermatological care. According to modern literature, this issue has been underinvestigated.Our aim wasto study the nature of the variability in the incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases among children aged 15–17 years by constituents of the Russian Federation.Patients and Methods. State medical statistics for 83 constituents of the Russian Federation for 2009–2015 were used. The risk aggregation method was used in the study. The degree of morbidity variability by region was assessed by the range of variation and coefficient of variation. Subjects were ranked according to the annual incidence rate. To assess the sustainability of the subjects’ belonging to a certain rank place, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used.Results.In 2009, the incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases among children aged 15–17 years in Russia had significant variability: the range of variation was 8.3 times, the coefficient of variation was 29%. Subjects were ranked by year. In 2010–2015, annual variability indicators remained high. Ranked places of subjects had rank correlation coefficients of 0.53–0.83 as compared to 2009. Groups of subjects with different levels of pediatric dermatological morbidity have been identified.Conclusion. The incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases among children aged 15–17 years by constituents of the Russian Federation during 2009-2015 was characterized by significant variability. Subjects had a stable belonging to a certain rank place. The constituents of the Russian Federation have been divided into groups according to the incidence rates for skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases.
Propagation of reinforcement corrosion: principles, testing and modelling
Authors: Andrade Carmen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Reinforcement corrosion is the risk most frequently cited to justify concrete durability research. The number of studies specifically devoted to corrosion propagation, once the object of most specialised papers, has declined substantially in recent years, whilst the number addressing initiation, particularly where induced by chlorides, has risen sharply. This article briefly describes the characteristics of steel corrosion in concrete that need to be stressed to dispel certain misconceptions, such as the belief that the corrosion zone is a pure anode. That is in fact seldom the case and as the zone is also affected by microcells, galvanic corrosion accounts for only a fraction of the corrosion rate. The role of oxygen in initiating corrosion, the scant amount required and why corrosion can progress in its absence are also discussed. Another feature addressed is the dependence of the chloride threshold on medium pH and the buffering capacity of the cement, since corrosion begins with acidification. Those general notions are followed by a review of the techniques for measuring corrosion, in particular polarisation resistance, which has proved to be imperative for establishing the processes involved. The inability to ascertain the area affected when an electrical signal is applied to large-scale elements is described, along with the concomitant need to use a guard ring to confine the current or deploy the potential attenuation method. The reason that measurement with contactless inductive techniques is not yet possible (because the area affected cannot be determined) is discussed. The method for integrating corrosion rate over time to find cumulative corrosion, P
corr, is explained, together with its use to formulate the mathematical expressions for the propagation period. The article concludes with three examples of how to use corrosion rate to assess cathodic protection, new low-clinker cements or determine the chloride threshold with an integral accelerated service life method.
Gaziantep Yöresinde Bulunan ve Anıt Ağaç Niteliği Taşıyan Doğu Çınarı (Platanus orientalis L.)’nın Fiziksel Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: AKGÜN Bülent , OKUMUŞ Arif , YAZAR Emre 
Published: December 2018

Son yıllarda, küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği ile ormansızlaşma süreci hızlanmaktadır. Biyoçeşitliliğin önemli ölçüde yok olmasının yanında önemli genetik kaynaklar da yok olma riski altındadır. Doğada meydana gelen bu olumsun değişiklikleri önlemek için, doğal kaynakları ve ormanları koruma giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Çok yüksek kültürel ve bilimsel değere sahip olan Türkiye, birçoğu korunan ve korunması gereken doğal zenginliğe sahiptir. Bu zenginlikler arasında anıt ağaçlar önemli bir yer kaplamakta olup, bunlar bilimsel, kültürel, psikolojik, estetik ve turistik işlevler sağlamaktadır. Anıt ağaçlar, geçmişin farklı olayları hakkında önemli bilgiler içermektedir. Ayrıca orman kaynaklarının planlama aşamalarında türler açısından bir gen havuzu olarak işlev gören kaynaklardır. Bu çalışmada Gaziantep bölgesinde Genç-Güner yöntemi ile beş anıtsal nitelikli ağaç tespit edilmiştir. Ağaçların taç çapı, kabuk kalınlığı, göğüs yüksekliği çapı ve yüksekliği ölçülmüştür. Artım burgusu yardımı ile yaş tahminleri yapılmıştır. Anıt Ağaçların Ulusal Standardına (TS 13137) göre, beş ağacın ikisi fiziksel özellikleri nedeniyle anıt ağaç olarak tescillenmiştir. Yaklaşık 500 yaşlarında, 25 ve 26 m boylarında, 220 ve 226 cm çapında (göğüs yüksekliği) olan bu ağaçların, Doğu çınarı (Platanus orientalis L.) türü olup yörede doğal, önemli ölçüde kültürel ve estetik değere sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir.