bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extinction debts and colonization credits of non-forest plants in the European Alps
Authors: Rumpf Sabine B. , Hülber Karl , Wessely Johannes , Willner Wolfgang , Moser Dietmar , Gattringer Andreas , Klonner Günther , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Dullinger Stefan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMountain plant species shift their elevational ranges in response to climate change. However, to what degree these shifts lag behind current climate change, and to what extent delayed extinctions and colonizations contribute to these shifts, are under debate. Here, we calculate extinction debt and colonization credit of 135 species from the European Alps by comparing species distribution models with 1576 re-surveyed plots. We find extinction debt in 60% and colonization credit in 38% of the species, and at least one of the two in 93%. This suggests that the realized niche of very few of the 135 species fully tracks climate change. As expected, extinction debts occur below and colonization credits occur above the optimum elevation of species. Colonization credits are more frequent in warmth-demanding species from lower elevations with lower dispersal capability, and extinction debts are more frequent in cold-adapted species from the highest elevations. Local extinctions hence appear to be already pending for those species which have the least opportunity to escape climate warming.
Diagnosis and management of Guillain–Barré syndrome in ten steps
Authors: Leonhard Sonja E. , Mandarakas Melissa R. , Gondim Francisco A. A. , Bateman Kathleen , Ferreira Maria L. B. , Cornblath David R. , van Doorn Pieter A. , Dourado Mario E. , Hughes Richard A. C. , Islam Badrul , Kusunoki Susumu , Pardo Carlos A. , Reisin Ricardo , Sejvar James J. , Shahrizaila Nortina , Soares Cristiane , Umapathi Thirugnanam , Wang Yuzhong , Yiu Eppie M. , Willison Hugh J. , Jacobs Bart C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, but potentially fatal, immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nerves and nerve roots that is usually triggered by infections. The incidence of GBS can therefore increase during outbreaks of infectious diseases, as was seen during the Zika virus epidemics in 2013 in French Polynesia and 2015 in Latin America. Diagnosis and management of GBS can be complicated as its clinical presentation and disease course are heterogeneous, and no international clinical guidelines are currently available. To support clinicians, especially in the context of an outbreak, we have developed a globally applicable guideline for the diagnosis and management of GBS. The guideline is based on current literature and expert consensus, and has a ten-step structure to facilitate its use in clinical practice. We first provide an introduction to the diagnostic criteria, clinical variants and differential diagnoses of GBS. The ten steps then cover early recognition and diagnosis of GBS, admission to the intensive care unit, treatment indication and selection, monitoring and treatment of disease progression, prediction of clinical course and outcome, and management of complications and sequelae.
No evidence for altered plasma NGF and BDNF levels in fibromyalgia patients
Authors: Baumeister David , Eich Wolfgang , Saft Silvia , Geisel Olga , Hellweg Rainer , Finn Anja , Svensson Camilla I. , Tesarz Jonas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere has been a surging interest in the putative role of peripheral growth factors in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia, specifically in the peripheral sensitization that occurs in chronic pain disorders. This cross-sectional study set out to assess and compare brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in plasma samples from fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls. Plasma BDNF and NGF were measured in 89 fibromyalgia patients and 36 pain-free controls, and compared using ANCOVA controlling for potential confounders, as well as Bayesian methods for parameter estimation and model evaluation. BDNF and NGF levels in fibromyalgia patients did not differ from those in pain-free controls. Statistical methods were consistent, with both frequentist and Bayesian approaches leading to the same conclusions. Our study fails to replicate the finding that peripheral BDNF is altered in fibromyalgia, and instead our findings suggest that plasma levels of growth factor appear normative in fibromyalgia.
Dopamine neuron induction and the neuroprotective effects of thyroid hormone derivatives
Authors: Lee Eun-Hye , Kim Sang-Mi , Kim Chun-Hyung , Pagire Suvarna H. , Pagire Haushabhau S. , Chung Hee Yong , Ahn Jin Hee , Park Chang-Hwan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive movement disturbances caused by the selective loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite the identification of the causal mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PD, effective treatments remain elusive. In this study, we observed that a low level of fetal bovine serum (FBS) effectively induced DA neurons in rat neural precursor cells (NPCs) by enhancing nuclear receptor-related 1 protein (NURR1) expression. Among the various components of FBS, the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were identified as key factors for the induction of DA neurons. Since an overdose of thyroid hormones can cause hyperthyroidism, we synthesized several thyroid hormone derivatives that can partially activate thyroid hormone receptors and induce the complete differentiation of NPCs into DA neurons. Two derivatives (#3 and #9) showed positive effects on the induction and maturation of DA neurons without showing significant affinity for the thyroid hormone receptor. They also effectively protected and restored DA neurons from neurotoxic insults. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that thyroid hormone derivatives can strongly induce DA neuron differentiation while avoiding excessive thyroid stimulation and might therefore be useful candidates for PD treatment.
Identification, Characterization and HPLC Quantification of Process-Related Impurities in Bepotastine Besilate Bulk Drug
Authors: Zhang Chaowei , Han Chengqun , Sun Lili , Yu Jinlong , Zou Qiaogen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBepotastine besilate (here after referred to as BTST), chemically known as ({d(S)4[4[(4chlorophenyl) (2pyridyl) methoxy] piperidino} butyric acid monobenzene sulphonate), is a second-generation antihistamine drug. To the best of our knowledge, no studies concerning the isolation or identification of process-related impurities have been reported so far. The current study reports the development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the separation and identification of 5 potential impurities in bepotastine besilate. In this experiment, the structures of 3 process-related impurities were found to be new compounds. They were characterized and confirmed by NMR and MS spectroscopy analyses. These 3 new compounds were proposed to be (S)-4-[(phenyl)-2-pyridinylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutanoic acid,(Imp-A); 4-[(S)-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-pyridinylmethoxy]-1- piperidinebutyric acid, N-oxide (Imp-B) and (S)-4-[(4- chlorophenyl)-2-pyridinylmethoxy]-1-piperidylethane (Imp-C). In addition, an efficient optimized chromatographic method was performed on a Shimadzu Inertsil C8–3 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 3 μm) to separate and quantify these 5 impurities. It was using 15 mmol ammonium formate buffer in water (pH adjusted to 3.8 with formic acid) and acetonitrile as the mobile phase in gradient mode. The method was developed to separate and quantify these 5 impurities obtained in the range of 0.05–0.75 μg/mL. It was validated and proven to be selective, accurate and precise and suitable. It is the first publication of identification and characterization data of the 3 new compounds. It is also the first effective HPLC method for separation and quantification of all of process-related impurities in bepotastine besilate.
A new approach to the question of the existence of bounded solutions of functional differential equations of point type
Authors: Beklaryan L. A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We develop an approach which we used to deduce conditions of a new type for the existence of periodic solutions of ordinary differential equations and functional differential equations of point type. These conditions are based on the use of asymptotic properties of solutions of differential equations which can be observed on shifts of solutions and stated in terms of averages over the period on a distinguished sphere in the phase space. The development of this approach enables us to obtain conditions for the existence of bounded solutions for the same classes of functional differential equations.
Asymptotics of approximation of continuous periodic functions by linear means of their Fourier series
Authors: Trigub R. M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We establish an asymptotic formula for the rate of approximation of Fourier series of individual periodic functions by linear averages with an error

,

. This formula is applicable to the means of Riesz, Gauss–Weierstrass, Picard and others. The result is new even for the arithmetic means of partial Fourier sums. We use the formula to determine the asymptotic behaviour of functions in a certain class. Separately, we consider the case of positive integral convolution operators.
Massey products, toric topology and combinatorics of polytopes
Authors: Buchstaber V. M. , Limonchenko I. Yu. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a direct family of simple polytopessuch that for anythere are non-trivial strictly defined Massey products of orderin the cohomology rings of their moment-angle manifolds. We prove that the direct sequence of manifoldshas the following properties: every manifoldis a retract of, and one has inverse sequences in cohomology (overand, whereas) of the Massey products constructed. As an application we get that there are non-trivial differentials, for arbitrarily largeas, in the Eilenberg–Moore spectral sequence connecting the ringsandwith coefficients in a field, where.
Modulational Instability of Trapped Two-Component Bose–Einstein Condensates*
Authors: Zhou Jian-Wen , Li Xiao-Xun , Gao Rui , Qin Wen-Shan , Jiang Hao-Hao , Li Tao-Tao , Xue Ju-Kui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

The modulational instability of two-component Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) under an external parabolic potential is discussed. Based on the trapped two-component Gross–Pitaevskill equations, a time-dependent dispersion relation is obtained analytically by means of the modified lens-type transformation and linear stability analysis. It is shown that a modulational unstable time scale exists for trapped two-component BECs. The modulational properties—which are determined by the wave number, external trapping parameter, intra- and inter-species atomic interactions—are modified significantly. The analytical results are confirmed by direct numerical simulation. Our results provide a criterion for judging the occurrence of instability of the trapped two-component BECs in experiment.
Formation of Square-Shaped Waves in the Biscay Bay*
Authors: Li Xin , Xu Wen-Hao , Chen Dong-Ming , Cao Li-Ke , Yang Zhan-Ying 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Recently, a report from Elite Readers suggested that a strange phenomenon of ‘square-shaped waves’ had occurred at the beaches of the Isle of Rhe in the Bay of Biscay. Based on the hydrological and geological data of the Bay of Biscay, we find that the special phenomenon is closely related to a solitary wave that can be described by the shallow water wave equation. We discuss the formation mechanisms of the square-shaped waves by the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. The combination of exact solutions and actual condition provides the simulated initial state. We then reproduce a square-shaped structure by a numerical method and obtain the result consistent with the observed picture from media. Our work enriches public understanding of strange water waves and has great significance for tourism development and shipping transportation.
Phase Transition and Critical Phenomenon Occurring in Granular Matter*
Authors: Feng Yao-Dong , Su Tao , Shi Qing-Fan , Sun Gang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

We investigate the granular flow states in a channel with bottleneck by molecular dynamics simulations. Our study is restricted only on a selected key area rather than on the whole system to focus on the flow properties of a single granular state. A random force field is introduced to control the granular temperature. It is also pointed out that the flow rate in the granular flow can be correlated with the pressure, which leads us to carry out a comprehensive study similar to the classical study for general liquid-gas phase transition. Our results show that the dilute flow state and the dense flow state of the granules are similar to the gas state and the liquid state of general substances, respectively, and the properties of phase transition and critical phenomenon are also similar to those occurring in general substances.
Assessment of working environment and personal dosimeter-wearing
compliance of industrial radiographers based on chromosome aberration
frequencies
Authors: Lee Younghyun , Seo Songwon , Jin Young Woo , Jang Seongjae 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Industrial radiographers are exposed to relatively higher doses of radiation than
other radiation-exposed workers in South Korea. The objective of our study was
to investigate the impact of specific occupational conditions on chromosome
aberration frequency and evaluate dosimeter-wearing compliance of industrial
radiographers in Korea. We studied individual and occupational characteristics
of 120 industrial radiographers working in South Korea and evaluated the
frequency of dicentrics and translocations in chromosomes to estimate radiation
exposure. The association between working conditions and chromosome aberration
frequencies was assessed by Poisson regression analysis after adjusting for
confounding factors. Legal personal dosimeter-wearing compliance among workers
was investigated by correlation analysis between recorded dose and chromosome
aberration frequency. Daily average number of radiographic films used in the
last six months was associated with dicentrics frequency. Workers performing
site radiography showed significantly higher translocation frequency than those
working predominantly in shielded enclosures. The correlation between chromosome
aberration frequency and recorded dose was higher in workers in the radiography
occupation since 2012 (new workers) than other veteran workers. Our study found
that site radiography could affect actual radiation exposure to workers.
Controlling these working conditions and making an effort to improve personal
dosimeter-wearing compliance among veteran workers as well as new workers may be
necessary to reduce radiation exposure as much as possible in their
workplace.
A surface modelling approach for attribution and disentanglement of the effects of global warming from urbanization in temperature extremes: application to Lisbon
Authors: Nogueira Miguel , Soares Pedro M M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Attribution and disentanglement of the effects of global greenhouse gas and land-use changes on temperature extremes in urban areas is a complex and critical issue in the context of regional-to-local climate change mitigation and adaptation. Here, an innovative modelling framework based on a large ensemble of urban climate simulations, using SURFEX (a land-surface model) coupled to TEB (an urban canopy model), forced by E20C (a GCM-based reanalysis), is proposed, and applied to the capital of Portugal—Lisbon. This approach allowed to disentangle the main drivers of change of extreme temperatures in Lisbon, while also improving the simulated summer temperature variability compared to E20C, using station observations as reference. The improvements were physically linked to the strong sensitivity of summer mean and extreme temperatures to local land-use properties. The sensitivity was systematically investigated and robustly demonstrated here, with built-fraction (buildings + roads), albedo and emissivity emerging as key surface parameters. The results revealed a very strong summer temperature increase between 1951–1980 and 1981–2010 periods: 0.90 °C for daily maximum temperature (T
max), and 0.76 °C for daily minimum temperature (T
max). These changes were sensitive to considering different (but constant throughout the simulation) land-uses, varying by about 10% for T
max, and around 17% for T
min. Regarding the temperature extremes (quantified by extreme hot days, EHD, and extreme hot nights, EHN, respectively defined as exceeding the 95th-percentile of T
max and T
min) the changes and their dependencies with the land-use are much more drastic. The isolated effect of changing land-use (keeping the climate forcing unchanged) from rural/natural (low built-fraction) towards dense urbanization (high built-fraction) caused a significant increase in EHN (up to ∼+130 d per 30 years, larger than the effect due to climate forcing alone), and in EHD (∼+60 d per 30 years, which is similar to the effect due to climate forcing alone).
Climate exceeded human management as the dominant control of fire at the regional scale in California’s Sierra Nevada
Authors: Vachula Richard S , Russell James M , Huang Yongsong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The societal impacts of recent, severe fires in California highlight the need to understand the long-term effectiveness of human fire management. The relative influences of local management and climate at centennial timescales are controversial and poorly understood. This is the case in California’s Sierra Nevada, an actively managed area with a rich history of Native American fire use. We analyzed charcoal preserved in lake sediments from Yosemite National Park and spanning the last 1400 years to reconstruct local and regional area burned. Warm and dry climates promoted burning at both local and regional scales. However, at local scales fire management by Native Americans before 850 and between ca. 1350 and 1600 CE and, subsequently, Yosemite park managers from ca. 1900 to 1970 CE, decoupled fire extent dictated by regional climate scenarios. Climate acts as a top-down, broader scale control of fire, but human management serves a bottom-up, local control. Regional area burned peaked during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and declined during the last millennium, as climate became cooler and wetter and Native American burning declined. This trend was accentuated by 20th century fire suppression policies, which led to a minimum in burned area relative to the last 1400 years. In light of projected anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and predicted climate changes in California, our data indicate that although active management can mitigate local fire activity, broader regional burning may become more spatially extensive than has been observed in the last century.
How will climate change shape climate opinion?
Authors: Howe Peter D , Marlon Jennifer R , Mildenberger Matto , Shield Brittany S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
As climate change intensifies, global publics will experience more unusual weather and extreme weather events. How will individual experiences with these weather trends shape climate change beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors? In this article, we review 73 papers that have studied the relationship between climate change experiences and public opinion. Overall, we find mixed evidence that weather shapes climate opinions. Although there is some support for a weak effect of local temperature and extreme weather events on climate opinion, the heterogeneity of independent variables, dependent variables, study populations, and research designs complicate systematic comparison. To advance research on this critical topic, we suggest that future studies pay careful attention to differences between self-reported and objective weather data, causal identification, and the presence of spatial autocorrelation in weather and climate data. Refining research designs and methods in future studies will help us understand the discrepancies in results, and allow better detection of effects, which have important practical implications for climate communication. As the global population increasingly experiences weather conditions outside the range of historical experience, researchers, communicators, and policymakers need to understand how these experiences shape-and are shaped by-public opinions and behaviors.
Numerical study of the heat transfer and flow characteristics of heat pipes
Authors: Huminic A , Huminic G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this work, a three-dimensional (CFD) analysis is used to investigate the heat transfer and fluid flow of a heat pipe using water and nanofluids as working fluids. The study focused mainly on the effects of volume concentrations of nanoparticles and the operating temperature on the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe using the nanofluids, but there is revealed also aspects concerning flow characteristics of fluids. The analysis was performed for water and two types of nanofluids, two volume concentrations of nanoparticles (1.0% and 4 vol.%) and three operating temperatures (70 °C, 80 °C and 90 °C). Nanofluids were composed of water and SiC and TiC nanoparticles with the diameter of 10nm. The numerical results indicate that the volume concentration of nanoparticles has an important effect in reducing of the temperature difference between evaporator and condenser. The present study shows also that the thermal performance of a heat pipe can be significantly improved by using of both wick structure and nanofluids.
Comparative analysis of the study of microclimate parameters in wooden houses in North-Eastern Bulgaria
Authors: Zlateva P , Yordanov K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The subject of this study are some parameters of the microclimate in wooden houses in North-Eastern Bulgaria. This is necessary to identify the most influential parameters that affect human health and effectively improve energy efficiency in modern wooden residential buildings. Internal temperature, relative humidity and air speed and fine particulate matter were measured. External temperature and relative air humidity were also measured. The research results confirm that wood is a natural thermo-protective and moisture-regulating material. The analysis proposed can be applied to all energy efficiency projects in areas with similar climatic conditions.
Modelling of CO2/acetone fluid mixture thermodynamic properties for compression/resorption refrigeration systems
Authors: Moreira-da-Silva R J B , Salavera D , Coronas A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Compression/resorption refrigeration systems are similar to conventional vapor compression systems but using zeotropic mixtures with large boiling temperature difference, similar to the refrigerant/absorbent mixtures used in absorption technology. A resorber and a desorber replace the conventional condenser and evaporator, respectively. As the saturation temperature in both desorber and resorber change with the composition, there is a gliding temperature that can reduce the irreversibility of the heat transfer with external sensible heat and sink sources. Another advantage of these systems is that they operate at lower pressures and pressure ratios than the conventional ones. CO2/acetone mixture was proposed for automotive air-conditioning with compression/resorption systems. In this paper, different methods are evaluated for modelling the thermodynamic properties, using experimental data. The selected thermodynamic model will be used to study the performance of the compression/resorption refrigeration cycle.