bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ϕ-amenability and character amenability of Fréchet algebras
Authors: Abtahi Fatemeh , Rahnama Somaye , Rejali Ali 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRight φ-amenability and right character amenability have been introduced for Banach algebras. Here, these concepts will be generalized for Fréchet algebras. Then some of the previous available results about right φ-amenability and right character amenability for the case of Banach algebras will be verified for Fréchet algebras. Related results about Segal Fréchet algebras are provided.
Industrial Thermowood® and Termovuoto thermal modification of two hardwoods from Mozambique
Authors: Pockrandt Michael , Jebrane Mohamed , Cuccui Ignazia , Allegretti Ottaviano , Uetimane Ernesto , Terziev Nasko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe study aimed at treating metil (Sterculia appendiculataK. Schum) and neem (Azadirachta indicaA. Juss) timber from Mozambique under industrial conditions by steam [Thermowood®(TW)] and vacuum [Termovuoto (TV)] thermal modifications (TM). Matched boards were treated identically and wood alterations in chemistry, colour, mass loss (ML), mechanical properties and durability were compared. The applied vacuum partly removed the acetic acid that causes carbohydrate degradation, i.e. heat applied under vacuum was less destructive. TM under vacuum generated a lighter colour than that caused by steam treatment. ML was significantly higher after the TW process namely, 14.1 vs. 9.9% after thermo-vacuum treatment for metil and 14.2 and 12.1% for neem. Colour and ML changes correlated with the decrease in shear strength, rupture and elasticity moduli and increase in wood decay resistance. Metil wood is more permeable and demonstrated significant differences between the treatments; the thermo-vacuum process was less destructive but led to less improvement of durability compared to TW treatment.
The Indian Evidence Act and Recent Formulations of the Exclusionary Discretion in Singapore: Not Quite Different Rivers into the Same Sea
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Chua Eunice 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Sir James Fitzjames Stephen’s Indian Evidence Act of 1872 continues to govern the law of evidence in almost a dozen common law jurisdictions today. But the fundamental features of the IEA would undoubtedly be considered anomalous when viewed against modern notions of relevance and admissibility, foremost of which are the fact that the statute represents an attempt to codify relevance exhaustively in an inclusionary, rather than exclusionary way, and the judicial discretion to exclude relevant evidence finds no obvious expression in any of its provisions. The IEA has thus had a strained relationship with the common law, especially since judicial powers assume much greater importance in the latter realm. Recent legislative and jurisprudential developments in Singapore (a jurisdiction which has adopted the IEA) have attempted to minimise the applicability of the statute’s relevancy provisions and confer greater discretionary powers on the courts to exclude evidence. The result is that there are now at least five formulations of the court’s general power to exclude evidence, and this article considers if these formulations cohere inter se, and whether any of them can co-exist harmoniously with the IEA’s admissibility paradigm, given that its raison d’être has always been to simplify the admissibility process through exhaustive codification.
A Comparative CFD Study on Gas-Liquid Dispersion in A Stirred Tank with Low and High Gas Loadings
Authors: Liangchao Li , Ning Chen , Kefeng Xiang , Beiping Xiang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combined with a population balance model (PBM) was applied to simulate gas-liquid dispersion in a stirred tank with low and high gas loadings. The model predictions were validated by using the data in the literature. The simulation results show that the flow patterns and gas dispersion characteristics are very different in the stirred tank for low and high gas loadings. A typical two-loop flow pattern forms as that in single-phase stirred tank for low gas loadings, while a triple-loop flow pattern, with two recirculation loops above and one below the impeller is found in the tank for high gas loadings. Shaft power input of impeller agitation plays a major role for gas dispersion with low gas loadings. For high gas loadings, the potential energy due to gas sparging has significant effect on gas dispersion and can not be neglected. Compared to low gas loading, high gas loading causes average gas holdup increased in the stirred tank, while relative local gas holdup in the lower circulation-loop region and near-wall region reduced. The ability of impeller agitation for gas dispersion reduces with high gas loadings, and mean bubble size becomes larger and the volume-averaged bubble size distribution is wider.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Full-Scale Exercise of Epidemiologic Capacity for Bioterrorism Response
Authors: Stone Kahler W. , Morehead Bonnie F. , Karaye Ibraheem , Davis Carol M. , Horney Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Introduction
In May 2016, the Texas Department of State Health Services Public Health Region 7, in partnership with the local health departments in their region, designed and conducted a full-scale exercise (FSE) with a real-time epidemiologic phase leading to full-scale medical countermeasures distribution.

Methods
The exercise was designed to be a plausible scenario with a biologic agent that occurs naturally in Texas, Bacillus anthracis, and align with the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) recommendations. After Action Reports (AAR) were reviewed and key informant interviews were conducted and content analyzed for themes through inductive coding.

Results
Themes identified include: benefits to exercising epidemiology’s role in public health preparedness; identification of gaps in real-time communication between public health and epidemiology; need to incorporate epidemiology into future exercises; importance of exercising realistic epidemiology scenarios in real-time; and identification of strengths and weakness in exercise coordination and logistics.

Conclusion
There is value in exercising epidemiology capabilities in real-time and in an operational full-scale context. Fully incorporating epidemiology into public health emergency preparedness exercises is one way to strengthen the relationship between these two disciplines and ensure well-coordinated rapid responses to public health threats.
Law as a Tool for Ensuring Contributions of Small-Scale Women Farmers to Food Security in Nigeria
Authors: Ezirigwe Jane 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The paper discusses the role of law in ensuring that the agricultural productivity of small-scale women farmers in Nigeria is not encumbered by cultural practices and absence of extant laws and policies. Employing the feminist theory, it examines the existence and enforcement of equality rights for women to access productive assets including land, credit and agricultural extension services. It explores the specific challenges women encounter from perspectives other than limited access, including gender-based violence and gender-specific roles. The aim of the paper is to challenge some ubiquitous sociocultural practices that hinder the active participation and contribution of small-scale women farmers in agriculture and food security in Nigeria. It suggests how laws and policies can help increase this productivity. It concludes with recommendations on adequate legal frameworks, policy awareness, a commitment to promote women’s rights, as well as increased public investment in rural infrastructure to promote production of adequate, affordable and safe food in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner.
Crystal structure of (Z)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(furan-2-yl(phenylamino)methylene)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one, C21H16ClN3O2
Authors: Zhang Heng-Qiang , Wu Qiong , Jin Tong-Yin , Li Ying-Ying , Chen Hong-Li 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C21H16ClN3O2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 19.0523(19) Å, b = 9.3818(8) Å, c = 21.0602(17) Å, β = 107.303(10)°, V = 3594.0(6) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0644, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1655, T = 173(1) K.
Crystal structure of 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-dinitrobenzene, C8H8N2O4
Authors: Jianlong Wang , Shaomin Xue , Fanfan Shen , Zishuai Xu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C8H8N2O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 14.6418(13) Å, b = 3.8852(4) Å, c = 15.7884(15) Å, β = 108.417(3)°, V = 852.14(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0505, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1159, T = 173(2) K.
Analysis of Heat Transfer and Lifting Force in a Ferro-Nanofluid Based Porous Inclined Slider Bearing with Slip Conditions
Authors: Ram Paras , Kumar Anil 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThermal effects have been investigated in a porous inclined slider bearing together with the slip boundary conditions. Using Jenkins model, the governing system of equations pertaining to the flow is solved analytically to yield the various bearing characteristics. The expressions for mean temperature, pressure and the lifting force (load carrying capacity) have been derived as a function of slip, magnetic, permeability, material and thermal parameters. Furthermore, the term pertaining to the co-rotational derivative of magnetization is expected to influence the lifting force significantly. Therefore its effect on the bearing characteristics is also considered. The lubricant is assumed to be incompressible, and its viscosity varies exponentially with the temperature. The behavior of mean temperature with other bearing characteristics across the fluid film thickness has also been investigated. The variations in the lifting force and mean temperature w.r.t. various bearing parameters have been analyzed graphically.
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and aerobic exercise for Parkinson’s disease: therapeutic assets beyond the motor domain
Authors: Berrío Sánchez Jenny , Cucarian Hurtado Jaison , Barcos Nunes Ramiro , de Oliveira Alcyr Alves 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a very common neurodegenerative condition in which both motor and nonmotor deficits evolve throughout the course of the disease. Normally characterized as a movement disorder, PD has been broadly studied from a motor perspective. However, mild to moderate cognitive deficits began to appear in the early phases of the disease, even before motor disturbances actually manifest, and continue to progress relentlessly. These nonmotor manifestations are also a source of detriment to the patients’ already strained functionality and quality of life, and pose a therapeutic challenge seeing that replacing therapies have had conflicting results. Considering that the currently approved therapies can hardly be considered curative, efforts to find therapeutic approaches with an actual disease-modifying quality and capable of addressing not only motor but also cognitive dysfunctions are clearly needed. Among possible alternatives with such attribute, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and exercise are worth highlighting given their common neuroprotective, neuroplastic, and immunomodulatory properties. In this paper, we will summarize the existent literature on the topic, focusing on the mechanisms of action through which these two approaches might beget therapeutic benefits for PD beyond the commonly assessed motor dysfunctions, alluding, at the same time, toward a potential synergic association of both therapies as an optimized approach for PD.
Comparisons of classification methods for viral genomes and protein families using alignment-free vectorization
Authors: Huang Hsin-Hsiung , Hao Shuai , Alarcon Saul , Yang Jie 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a statistical classification method based on discriminant analysis using the first and second moments of positions of each nucleotide of the genome sequences as features, and compare its performances with other classification methods as well as natural vector for comparative genomic analysis. We examine the normality of the proposed features. The statistical classification models used including linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, diagonal linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest-neighbor classifier, logistic regression, support vector machines, and classification trees. All these classifiers are tested on a viral genome dataset and a protein dataset for predicting viral Baltimore labels, viral family labels, and protein family labels.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, XCIII. Darstellung und Umsetzungen eines vinylogen Orthoamid-Derivats der Kohlensäure mit CH2-aciden Verbindungena
Authors: Vettel Markus , Bräuner Hans-Jürgen , Kantlehner Willi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The preparation of the vinylogue guanidinium salt 10c is described. The reaction of the vinylogue orthocarbonic acid amide derivative 12 with CH2-acidic compounds 14a–s affords the ketene aminals 15a–s. At room temperature the succinimide 19a is deprotonated by 12 to give the vinylogue salt 10e. The bis-ketene aminal 20 is formed in the reaction of 19a with 12 at elevated temperatures. Succinic acid esters 21 do not react cleanly with the orthoamide 12, but mixtures of ketene aminals 23 and bis-ketene aminals 22 are formed. From succinodinitrile (24) and 12 the bis-ketene aminal 25 could be obtained, which is also accessible by the action of the salt 10c with 24 in the presence of sodium hydride.
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Kapang dari Ikan Pindang
Authors: Hermana Irma , Kusmarwati Arifah , Yennie Yusma 
Published: June 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis kapang yang diisolasi dari produk ikan pindang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di enam lokasi, yaitu Jakarta, Bogor, Pelabuhan Ratu, Bandung, Cirebon, dan Semarang. Isolasi kapang dilakukan dengan metode pengenceran bertingkat, sedangkan identifikasi kapang dilakukan secara morfologi dan molekuler berdasarkan data sekuen nukleotida dari daerah ITS rDNA. Sebagai data dukung, terhadap ikan pindang juga dilakukan analisis kadar garam dan nilai aktivitas air (aw). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kadar garam sampel ikan pindang berkisar antara 1,20-7,78% dengan aw 0,91-0,98. Sebanyak 119 isolat kapang berhasil diisolasi dari 30 sampel ikan pindang. Isolat-isolat tersebut termasuk ke dalam tujuh marga dan 16 spesies yaitu Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. oryzae, A. sydowii, A. terreus, Cladosporium allicinum, Eurotium chevalieri, Fusarium graminearum, F. cerealis, Loweporus sp., Penicillium citrinum, P. chermesinum, P. chrysogenum, dan Syncephalastrum racemosum. Terdapat enam jenis kapang yang dominan yaitu P. chermesinum (80%), diikuti oleh P. citrinum (73%), A. fumigatus (56,6%), A. flavus (53,3%), A. niger (46,7%), dan E.chevalieri (26,7%). Tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kapang yang tumbuh dengan jenis ikan pindang, nilai aw maupun kadar garam; namun pertumbuhan kapang berkaitan dengan kadar garam. Kadar garam ikan pindang yang lebih rendah menyebabkan pertumbuhan kapang yang lebih banyak.
Karakteristik Makanan Ringan Ekstrudat dari Kepala Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Suryanti Suryanti , Haryati Sakinah , Putra Achmad Noerkhaerin , Heryana Rafika 
Published: June 2018

Pengembangan penelitian produk makanan ringan ekstrudat dari kepala udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik makanan ringan ekstrudat yang dihasilkan dengan penambahan kepala udang vannamei. Proses pembuatan makanan ringan ekstrudat terdiri dari persiapan bahan baku (pembuatan grit kepala udang, jagung dan beras) dan formulasi dengan tiga perlakuan konsentrasi kepala udang vannamei yaitu 0% (kontrol), 5% dan 10%. Proses pembuatan makanan ringan ekstrudat dilakukan menggunakan alat ekstruder berulir tunggal pada suhu ±160 oC. Parameter pengamatan yang dilakukan terhadap produk makanan ringan ekstrudat yang dihasilkan meliputi analisis proksimat, mikrobiologi (ALT dan E. coli), tekstur kekerasan, derajat putih, aktivitas air (aw), dan sensori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan 5% kepala udang vannamei memenuhi persyaratan makanan ringan ekstrudat berdasarkan SNI 2886:2015 dengan kandungan protein 11,55% (bb), lemak 0,83% (bb) ALT 7,1x103 koloni/g dan E.coli negatif. Nilai tekstur kekerasan 324,13 g dalam waktu 10,67 detik, derajat putih 47,57% dan aw 0,7. Selain itu, hasil uji sensori menunjukkan perlakuan 5% kepala udang vannamei menghasilkan aroma dan rasa mendekati spesifik bau udang serta tekstur yang renyah.
Karakteristik Film k-karaginan dengan Penambahan Plasticizer Polietilen Glikol
Authors: Fransiska Dina , Giyatmi Giyatmi , Irianto Hari Eko , Darmawan Muhamad , Melanie Susiana 
Published: June 2018

Bahan plastik biodegradable saat ini sedang populer dikembangkan untuk menggantikan plastik kemasan konvensional yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan polietilen glikol (PEG) terhadap karakteristik film berbahan dasar k-karaginan. k-karaginan yang digunakan dalam formulasi pembuatan film yaitu sebanyak 1,5% (b/v), sedangkan konsentrasi PEG yang ditambahkan bervariasi yaitu 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10 % (b/b). Larutan dipanaskan hingga suhu 85 oC kemudian dicetak dalam bentuk film tipis, lalu didinginkan dan dikeringkan dengan oven hingga didapatkan berat konstan. Film yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan analisis termal, kuat tarik, elongasi dan water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar polietilen glikol yang ditambahkan pada film karaginan dapat meningkatkan titik leleh dan entalpi, tetapi menurunkan nilai kuat tariknya, dan juga tidak mempengaruhi nilai WVTR. Penambahan PEG sampai konsentrasi 4% juga meningkatkan nilai elongasi film. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh jumlah optimal penambahan PEG yaitu sebesar 4% dengan nilai kuat tarik sebesar 0,86±0,16MPa, elongasi 25,40±6,64%, dan WVTR 116,02±8,00 g/m2/24 jam.
La producción de líderes políticos situados en dos comunidades políticas mexicanas
Authors: Guevara Sánchez Brenda Griselda , Verduzco Miramón Francisco Javier 
Published: June 2018

En este escrito reflexionamos sobre las condiciones históricas que influyeron para que en dos espacios geográficos, organizativos y económicos distintos existan importantes similitudes en la producción de complejos liderazgos agrarios. Por un lado, la comunidad agraria de Zirahuén en Michoacán, nos centraremos en la figura política de Marcos Paz Calvillo; por el otro el ejido de Campos, Colima con Armín Núñez Meza. Estas organizaciones son analizadas como comunidades políticas perennes, en las cuales su propia historia y las biografías de los sujetos estudiados estuvieron en constante producción y disputa. Con base en nuestros resultados etnográficos proponemos la noción de liderazgos políticos situados, cuyo rango de influencia depende, en gran medida, de los objetivos, espacios, públicos y condiciones históricas específicas de sus respectivas formaciones.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the historical conditions that allowed two very different geographic, organizational and economic spaces to develop important similarities in the production of complex agrarian leaderships; on one hand, the agrarian community of Zirahuén in Michoacán, centered in the political figure of Marcos Paz Calvillo; on the other, the Campos ejido in Colima with its leader, Armín Núñez Meza. These organizations are examined as perennial political communities in which local history and the biographies of the subjects studied emerged through an ongoing process of production and dispute. Based on our ethnographic results we propose the notion of situated political leadership in these communities; the degree of influence exerted by such leaderships depends largely on the objectives, spaces, publics and specific historical conditions of their respective formation.
Territorialidades campesinas en Loja, Ecuador: análisis de sus dinámicas organizativas a partir de tres casos
Authors: Alvarado Torres Marco Antonio 
Published: June 2018

En la provincia de Loja, al sur de Ecuador, desde de los años 90 del siglo pasado, varias familias campesinas han creado organizaciones locales que impulsan territorialidades alternativas como la producción ecológica, finanzas solidarias, gestión comunitaria del agua, defensa de territorios ancestrales, empoderamiento de mujeres, entre otras. Este trabajo se pregunta de qué manera se estructuran estas experiencias, y a partir de la construcción participativa de sociogramas, analiza las dinámicas internas de tres organizaciones, y sus interacciones con otros actores. Se encuentra que estas territorialidades, más que simples prácticas de producción o gestión, son complejas trayectorias de subjetivación política.
Abstract
In the province of Loja, located south of Ecuador, since the 90s of the last century, several peasant families have created local organizations through which promote alternative territorialities, how ecological production, solidarity finance, community management of water, defense of ancestral lands, empowerment of rural women, amongst other activities. This paper asks how these experiences are structured, and from participatory elaboration of sociograms, analyzes the internal dynamics of three organizations, and its interactions with other actors. These territorialities are more than simple practices of production, or management, these are also complex phats of political subjectivation.
Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Kitosan-Karboksi Metil Selulosa Iradiasi untuk Scaffold
Authors: Abbas Basril , Warastuti Yessy 
Published: June 2018

Scaffold umumnya digunakan sebagai matrik pelepasan obat, penelitian perilaku sel dan material dalam bidang rekayasa jaringan. Scaffold berdimensi tiga (3D) biasanya berupa material berpori, biokompatibel, biodegradable dan berfungsi untuk memberikan lingkungan mikro yang cocok, yaitu dukungan mekanik, fisik, dan rangsangan biokimia untuk pertumbuhan sel optimal. Pada penelitian ini scaffold dibuat dari kitosan dan karboksimetil selulosa (KMS) dengan teknik liofilisasi. Selanjutnya, scaffold diiradiasi dengan sinar gamma dan dikarakterisasi dengan Fourier-Transform- Infrared, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), serapan air dan porositas. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pada spektrum FTIR diperoleh kedua bahan tersebut tanpa terjadi reaksi, ukuran pori berkisar 130-467 µm, serapan air 803-1722%, dan porositas berkisar 70-74%. Iradiasi mempengaruhi ukuran pori, porositas, dan serapan air. Berdasarkan besaran porinya, komposit ini layak menjadi scaffold.
A Study on the Attributes of Effective English Lecturers as Perceived by EFL Learners: The Case of Indonesia
Authors: Mudra Heri 
Published: June 2018

This study aims to uncover the attributes of effective English lecturers and any significant differences between male and female EFL learners in determining the attributes of effective EFL lecturers. The study utilized a descriptive study design by asking 52 EFL learners to be respondents by filling in a questionnaire. The results depicted that the attributes associated with the ‘rapport’ category were friendliness, relationship, experiences, positive attitudes, and sense of humour. An independent t-test also showed there was no significant difference between male and female EFL learners in determining these attributes. The attributes of the ‘delivery’ category included enthusiasm, clarity, correction, and encouragement. The attributes of the ‘fairness’ category included treatment and standard. The attributes of the ‘knowledge and credibility’ category included proficiency and knowledge. The attributes of the ‘organization and preparation’ category included preparation, course contents, objectives, and materials. As for the implications, the attributes enable EFL lecturers to figure out various strategies for teaching English. Moreover, it is advantageous for EFL learners in that they can adjust their learning styles with the attributes.
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.