bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water and film: Fluidity of time and space and its somatic perception
Authors: Heller Franziska 
Published: September 2018

Throughout the history of cinema, water has been—and still is—omnipresent in various forms. The relationship between water and moving images extends to multiple levels. First and foremost, there are interesting theoretical implications: Water and the ways it can be perceived pose an apt analogy to conceptualize how the sensual relationship between moving images and the viewer can be understood. This approach is based on the analysis of aesthetical forms that stage water and expose fluidity in moving images. The study of numerous film examples—as well as of some recent music videos—shows that the dissolution of stable distinctions between what is perceived as reality and what as a dream becomes crucial: the transitions become literally fluid within the images. This leads to the investigation of how films position the human subject in relation to unreliable, fluid mirrors. Moreover, the human body can also be shown as fully immersed in liquid spaces. Suchfloating bodiesare often staged within specific settings such as swimming pools or aquariums. As an extreme existential form, thedrowned bodyplays a significant role in cultural history. Finally, the discussion of the physical and tactile experience in aquatic surroundings and cinema's voyeurism leads to the topic of eroticism.The potential of audio‐visual images to convey the experience of fluidity of time and space is pivotal for the specific imaginary and for the sensual and corporal perception mode in which we not only see but actuallyfeelfilms.This article is categorized under:Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Variational integrator based optimal feedback control for constrained mechanical systems
Authors: Glaas Daniel , Leyendecker Sigrid 
Published: September 2018

AbstractToday, a lot of mechanical systems have to operate with an improved performance compared to equal constructions decades ago. To stay competitive, engineers need to optimise all aspects of a mechanical system including its feedback control. An approach to minimize the control costs and ensuring a stable deviation control is the Riccati controller. To describe the discrete dynamics, a constrained variational integrator is used, which is a variant of a structure‐preserving integration scheme. The desired optimal trajectory and according control input is determined solving the discrete mechanics and optimal control (DMOC) algorithm based on the variational integrator. Then, during time stepping of the perturbed system, the discrete Riccati equations yield the optimal deviation control input. Adding the optimal control input to the deviation control value causes a structure preserving trajectory as both DMOC and Riccati equations are based on the same variational integrator. In this work, criteria for the choice of quadrature rules required to derive the variational integrator are investigated to close a gap of previous works in this field.This procedure is applied to three different coordinate choices, minimal, redundant and nullspace coordinates. Simulation examples show that a stable handling of highly‐nonlinear systems is assured. With applying the formulas derived in this work, a transformation between different coordinate parametrisations and the corresponding cost matrices leads to the same deviation control and thus to the same system behaviour. Nevertheless, it is in the responsibility of the application engineer to choose appropriate cost‐matrices for the occurring perturbations.
Insight in Information Provision Prior to Obtaining Surgical Informed Consent—by Audiotaping Outpatient Consultations
Authors: Burger B. B. , Veerman M. M. , Tellier M. A. , Leclercq W. K. G. , Mouës‐Vink C. M. , Werker P. M. N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundLiterature suggests that patient‐informing process prior to obtaining surgical informed consent (SIC) does not function well. This study aimed to provide insight into the current practice of SIC in the Netherlands.MethodsThis is a prospective, observational, and multicenter study, conducted in one academic and two non‐academic teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. Audio recordings were made during outpatient consultations with patients presenting with Dupuytren Disease. The recorded informing process was scored according to a checklist. Written documentation of the SIC process in the patient’s chart was compared to these scored checklists. Time spent on SIC during the consultations was also recorded.ResultsA total of 41 outpatient consultations were included in the study. Consultations were conducted by 25 plastic surgeons and their residents. Average time spent on SIC was 55.6% of the total consultation time. Considerable variation was observed concerning the amount and type of information given and discussed. In 59% of the consultations, discrepancies were observed between written documentation of consultations and audio recordings. Information on treatment risks, the postoperative period, and the operating surgeon was addressed the least.ConclusionDespite a relatively large part of the consultation time being spent on SIC, patients received scarce information concerning treatment risks, postoperative period, and who their operating surgeon would be. Discrepancies were observed between the written documentation of SIC and information recorded on the audio recordings. This occurred predominantly in one hospital that used a pre‐made list of ‘discussed information’ in its digital patient chart.
Why do business processes deviate? Results from a Delphi study
Authors: König Ulrich Matthias , Linhart Alexander , Röglinger Maximilian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDespite substantial investments in business process management (BPM), every organization experiences deviant processes, i.e., processes that show different behavior than intended. Thus, process deviance is an essential topic of BPM research and practice. Today, research on process deviance is mainly driven from a computer science perspective. IT-based methods and tools (e.g., deviance mining and prediction or compliance checking) detect process deviance by comparing log data from past process instances with normative process models or execution traces of currently running instances. However, requiring process models and event logs as input, existing approaches are expensive and limited to processes executed in automated workflow environments. Further, they can only detect process deviance, not explain why it occurs. Thus, knowledge about reasons for process deviance is immature. What is missing is a systematic exploration of reasons for process deviance. Against this backdrop, we compiled and structured reasons for process deviance based on a rating-type Delphi study with more than 30 experts from industry and academia. Thereby, we chose a process manager’s perspective as analytical lens, as process managers are familiar with and responsible for business processes end-to-end. We also analyzed the reasons’ importance for causing deviance in routine and nonroutine processes, two process types that capture the nature of processes in terms of variation and variety. Our results contribute to the descriptive knowledge on process deviance and serve as foundation for prescriptive research.
Fusion of deep learning models of MRI scans, Mini–Mental State Examination, and logical memory test enhances diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Qiu Shangran , Chang Gary H. , Panagia Marcello , Gopal Deepa M. , Au Rhoda , Kolachalama Vijaya B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionOur aim was to investigate if the accuracy of diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and logical memory (LM) test could be enhanced by adding MRI data.MethodsData of individuals with normal cognition and MCI were obtained from the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center database (n = 386). Deep learning models trained on MRI slices were combined to generate a fused MRI model using different voting techniques to predict normal cognition versus MCI. Two multilayer perceptron (MLP) models were developed with MMSE and LM test results. Finally, the fused MRI model and the MLP models were combined using majority voting.ResultsThe fusion model was superior to the individual models alone and achieved an overall accuracy of 90.9%.DiscussionThis study is a proof of principle that multimodal fusion of models developed using MRI scans, MMSE, and LM test data is feasible and can better predict MCI.
Concordance and Discordance of Sexual Identity, Sexual Experience, and Current Sexual Behavior in 45-Year-Old Men: Results From the German Male Sex-Study
Authors: Goethe Veronika E. , Angerer Hannes , Dinkel Andreas , Arsov Christian , Hadaschik Boris , Imkamp Florian , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Herkommer Kathleen 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Discordance of various aspects of sexual orientation has been mostly studied in young adults or in small samples of heterosexual men. Studies focusing on concordance and discordance of aspects of sexual orientation in representative samples of middle-aged men including homosexual men are scarce.

Aim
To investigate concordant and discordant sexual behavior in 45-year-old German men with a special focus on homosexual identified men.

Methods
Data for this cross-sectional study were collected within the German Male Sex-Study. Participants were 45-year-old Caucasian males from the general population. Men self-reported on sexual identity, sexual experience, and current sexual behavior. Associations between sexual identity, experience, and behavior were analyzed using the chi-square test.

Main Outcome Measure
Associations of sexual identity with sexual experience and behavior in a community-based sample of men, and discordance of sexual identity and behavior especially in the subgroup of homosexual men.

Results
12,354 men were included in the study. 95.1% (n = 11.749) self-identified as heterosexual, 3.8% (n = 471) as homosexual, and 1.1% (n = 134) as bisexual. Sexual identity was significantly associated with sexual experience and behavior. 85.5% of all men had recently been sexually active, but prevalence of sexual practices varied. In hetero- and bisexuals, vaginal intercourse was the most common sexual practice, whereas oral sex was the most common in homosexuals. A discordance of sexual identity was especially found in homosexual men: 5.5% of homosexuals only had sexual experiences with women, and 10.3% of homosexuals recently had vaginal intercourse. In this latter subgroup, only one-quarter ever had sexual experience with a man, and three-quarters had only engaged in sexual activity with a woman.

Conclusion
Sexual identity is associated with differences in sexual experience and behavior in German middle-aged men. A considerable proportion of homosexual identified men live a heterosexual life.
The biochemical characterization of a missense mutation m.8914C>T in ATP6 gene associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
Authors: Guo Ya , Zhang Yu , Li Fei , Liu Peipei , Liu Yedan , Yang Chengqing , Song Jie , Zhang Na , Chen Zongbo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMutations in ATP6 gene are frequent causes of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. ATP6 gene encodes one subunit of complexⅤ. The present study described a missense mutation in ATP6 gene in a 8‐year‐old Chinese boy with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. We identified one missense mutation in ATP6 gene (m.8914C>T) by mitochondrial DNA sequencing. This mutation altered the amino acid proline in serine, and alterative protein is predicted to be harmful. The mutation load in blood sample of patient is 59.49%. Activity of all mitochondrial complexes in blood are normal, however, the total function of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were declined (including pathwayⅠ, pathwayⅡ and pathwayⅣ). The missense mutation (m.8914C>T) in ATP6 gene could result in abnormal function of complexV and is related with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy.
Effects of helicity on dissipation in homogeneous box turbulence
Authors: Linkmann Moritz 
Published: September 2018

The dimensionless dissipation coefficient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}L/U^{3}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}$ is the dissipation rate, $U$ the root-mean-square velocity and $L$ the integral length scale, is an important characteristic of statistically stationary homogeneous turbulence. In studies of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$, the external force is typically isotropic and large scale, and its helicity $H_{f}$ either zero or not measured. Here, we study the dependence of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ on $H_{f}$ and find that it decreases $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ by up to 10 % for both isotropic forces and shear flows. The numerical finding is supported by static and dynamical upper bound theory. Both show a relative reduction similar to the numerical results. That is, the qualitative and quantitative dependence of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ on the helicity of the force is well captured by upper bound theory. Consequences for the value of the Kolmogorov constant and theoretical aspects of turbulence control and modelling are discussed in connection with the properties of the external force. In particular, the eddy viscosity in large-eddy simulations of homogeneous turbulence should be decreased by at least 10 % in the case of strongly helical forcing.
A Step towards the Harmonization of the Regulation of Financial Misconduct in BRICS: A Comparison of the Chinese and South African Regimes for the Prohibition of Insider Dealing
Authors: Kawadza Herbert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWith the growing globalization of financial markets comes the need for regulatory convergence as well as standardization of the enforcement of the regulatory environment. Aligning regulatory approaches is crucial in empowering market players to maximize the regulatory benefits provided by foreign jurisdictions and platforms. Attaining that objective necessitates an understanding of the existing regulatory setting by comparing the approaches adopted by different jurisdictions. This article seeks to understand the strategies and mechanisms adopted by two of the most strategically linked nations within the BRICS bloc, China and South Africa, regarding insider trading regulation and its enforcement. What emerges suggests that, while these jurisdictions recognize the threat that insider trading poses to the integrity of their markets, they face serious resourcing and political challenges that weaken regulatory and enforcement efforts aimed at reducing incidence of the offence.
Successful hearing improvement with direct acoustic stimulation in a patient with schizophrenia
Authors: Rebol J , Kravos M , Ložar M 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveA direct acoustic cochlear implant provides its power directly to the inner ear by vibrating the perilymph via a conventional stapes prosthesis. Our experience with a patient with severe mixed hearing loss due to otosclerosis is described.Case reportThe patient, a 47-year-old male, had a pre-operative speech recognition score of 10 per cent and had been treated for many years for schizophrenia, both of which made him a poor candidate for a direct acoustic stimulation device. Nevertheless, the surgery was performed, which preserved the pre-operative bone conduction level and significantly improved hearing. His speech recognition score rose to 100 per cent. He uses the device all day and his auditory hallucinations have subsided. Improvement of schizophrenia symptoms has enabled the patient to reduce his psychiatric medications intake.ConclusionHearing restoration was the main reason for the reduction of auditory hallucinations in our patient. Hearing loss is a potentially reversible risk factor for psychosis, but this association is often overlooked.
Dung burial by roller dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae): An individual and specific-level study
Authors: Carvalho R. L. , Frazão F. , Ferreira–Châline R.S. , Louzada J. , Cordeiro L. , França F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) mediate many ecological functions that are important to maintain the ecosystem functioning of terrestrial environments. Although a large amount of literature explores the dung beetle-mediated ecological processes, little is known about the individual contribution from distinct species. Here, we aimed to examine the intra and interspecific variations in dung burial rates performed by two roller dung beetle species (Canthon smaragdulusFabricius, 1781 andCanthon sulcatusCastelnau, 1840). Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between dung beetle biomass and dung burial rates. We set up a laboratorial experiment with three treatments (two males, two females, and a couple) and 10 replicates per treatment for each dung beetle species, and dung burial rates were measured after exposing 100 g of mixed pig and human excrement for 48 hours. Our results demonstrate that dung burial rates of males, females, and couples within each species do not differ. However,C. smaragdulusindividuals performed a larger dung burial thanC. sulcatusindividuals did. In addition, we found no effect of individual biomass on the amount of dung burial on intra and interspecific levels. These findings highlight the need for further research considering that distinct species, even from the same genus, may perform different rates of ecological processes, as well as about the importance for considering the beetle biomass when measuring their ecological functions. We call for studies to fill in the knowledge gap about the individual species’ contribution to the maintenance of different dung beetle-mediated ecological processes.
Modeling and measurement of microwave propagation multipath channels in drill pipe bore
Authors: Xia Wenhe , Guan Wenting , Jiang Zujun , Meng Yingfeng , Tang Bo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the characteristics of microwave propagation channels in drill pipe bore are analyzed by regarding the drill pipe as an irregular lossy cylindrical waveguide. An attenuation law is modeled using multipath propagation theory and an experimental statistical method. It is shown from physical measurement results that 5″ and $5^{1/2 \prime \prime} $ drill pipe bores, widely applied in the field of air drilling, can be used as 2.4 GHz band microwave channels with the caveat that the numerous reflective surfaces in the joint section of the drill pipe produce a great deal of reflected waves. Hence, the drill pipe bore has the characteristics of a dual cluster multipath channel, and multipath fading and delay are the primary factors affecting propagation quality. The study's constructed microwave attenuation model, based on multipath channels, can be regarded as the average attenuation of the unit length in the drill pipe bore, and can be used as the basis for simulation and analysis of the longer drill pipe string. In addition, a large delay between the two clusters leads to a significant increase of the root mean square delay spread. Consequently, multipath fading and delay are the main factors affecting the channel transmission rate.
California's Drought of the Future: A Midcentury Recreation of the Exceptional Conditions of 2012–2017
Authors: Ullrich P. A. , Xu Z. , Rhoades A.M. , Dettinger M.D. , Mount J.F. , Jones A.D. , Vahmani P. 
Published: September 2018

The California drought of 2012–2016 was a record‐breaking event with extensive social, political, and economic repercussions. The impacts were widespread and exposed the difficulty in preparing for the effects of prolonged dry conditions. Although the lessons from this drought drove important changes to state law and policy, there is little doubt that climate change will only exacerbate future droughts. To understand the character of future drought, this paper examines this recent drought period retrospectively and prospectively, that is, as it occurred historically and if similar dynamical conditions to the historical period were to arise 30 years later (2042–2046) subject to the effects of climate change. Simulations were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model using the pseudo global warming method. The simulated historical and future droughts are contrasted in terms of temperature, precipitation, snowpack, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and forest health. Overall, the midcentury drought is observed to be significantly worse, with many more extreme heat days, record‐low snowpack, increased soil drying, and record‐high forest mortality. With these findings in mind, the data sets developed in this study provide a means to structure future drought planning around a drought scenario that is realistic and modeled after a memorable historical analog.
Evolution of Magma Plumbing System in Miyakejima Volcano: Constraints From Melting Experiments
Authors: Ushioda Masashi , Takahashi Eiichi , Hamada Morihisa , Suzuki Toshihiro , Niihori Kenji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe evolution of the magma plumbing system of Miyakejima volcano, an island arc basaltic volcano located on the volcanic front of the Izu arc, Japan, was investigated by combining (i) melting experiments of hydrous basaltic magma, (ii) analysis of melt inclusions in the volcanic rocks, and (iii) thermodynamic modeling using the thermodynamic program (MELTS) to understand the temporal evolution of the magma plumbing system. Basalts of the Ofunato Stage (10,000–4,000 year BP) show limited compositional variation without evidence of magma mixing, and seem to be parental to volcanic rocks of later stages. Hydrous melting experiments were conducted using the Ofunato Scoria (OFS), which represents the most undifferentiated basaltic magma during the past 10,000 years. The magma chamber conditions required to crystallize the phenocryst assemblage of the OFS were constrained to ~150 MPa, ~1100 °C, and ~3 wt% H2O in melt. The constrained H2O content is consistent with H2O content of olivine‐hosted melt inclusions in the OFS. Here we propose that a simple magma plumbing system existed beneath Miyakejima volcano during the Ofunato Stage, comprising a single magma chamber. The MELTS calculations show that andesites of the Tsubota Stage (4,000–2,500 year BP; representing the later part of the Ofunato Stage after a period of dormancy of 3,000 years), can be derived from the Ofunato basalts, provided that H2O content in magma is <1 wt%. The results of modeling indicate that a new magma chamber formed at a shallower depth after the Ofunato Stage, in which the differentiation of degassed basaltic magmas occurred.