bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Hybrid Hole Cleaning Model for Vertical and Deviated Wells
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulhamid , Elzenary Mahmoud , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDrilled cuttings transportation from the bottom hole to the surface to maintain efficient hole cleaning is a challenging issue while drilling vertical, deviated, high angle, and extended reach wells. This is attributed to the huge number of the parameters affecting the ability of the drilling fluid to leave the drilled solids. Drilling fluid rheology, density, and flowrate, hole size, drill pipe size, hole inclination, and rate of penetration are all confirmed experimentally to affect the effectiveness of the drilling mud to lift the fluid and keep a clean hole. Several parameters were developed earlier to account for the hole cleaning conditions, most of these parameters lake to including many of the parameters influencing the hole cleaning conditions. In this study, a new hole cleaning parameter was developed, which is called hole cleaning factor (HCF). The HCF parameter was developed based on the cutting carrying index (CCI) parameter, and it considered the effect of the drilling fluid rheology, density, and flowrate, the hole size, drill pipe size, hole inclination, and rate of penetration to identify the hole cleaning condition. The HCF model was applied in an oil well from North Africa to predict the hole cleaning condition at different 135 points where the depth ranges from 33 to 12,854 ft. The outcomes of the HCF were well correlated with the real-field scenarios, where the crew members faced by erratic torque with differentiation in drilling parameters resulting in worst stuck pipe conditions at the same depths as predicted by the HCF parameter. The developed HCF model will help the drilling engineers to avoid many issues while drilling such as cutting accumulation and drill pipe sticking. The predictability of the HCF model was compared with commercially available software, and the results indicated a good match between the predictability of the HCF model and the commercial software.
An Experimental and Numerical Study of Wall Effect on Freeze Valve Performance in a Molten Salt Reactor
Authors: Aji Indarta Kuncoro , Tatsuya Tokushima , Kinoshita Motoyasu , Okawa Tomio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Freeze valve is an important passive safety system used in the molten salt reactor (MSR). In the freeze valve, salt is frozen by external cooling in the pipe connecting the reactor core and drain tanks. On the occasion of station blackout, the cooling system stops and the frozen salt melts automatically to open the freeze valve. Then, the molten salt containing fuel is drained out from the reactor core to the drain tanks and the nuclear reactions stop passively. Obviously, the melting time of frozen salt is important from the viewpoint of MSR safety. In this study, experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of important parameters on the opening time of freeze valve. A particular attention was paid to the effect of pipe wall since its thermal conductivity is much higher than that of salt. The calculated opening time agreed with the experimental results fairly well, indicating that the present numerical model is useful to investigate the opening time of freeze valve in accidental condition of MSR.
The Isometric Midthigh Pull in Basketball: An Effective Predictor of Sprint and Jump Performance in Male, Adolescent Players
Authors: Scanlan Aaron T. , Wen Neal , Guy Joshua H. , Elsworthy Nathan , Lastella Michele , Pyne David B. , Conte Daniele , Dalbo Vincent J. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To examine correlations between peak force and impulse measures attained during the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) and basketball-specific sprint and jump tests. Methods: Male, adolescent basketball players (N = 24) completed a battery of basketball-specific performance tests. Testing consisted of the IMTP (absolute and normalized peak force and impulse at 100 and 250 ms); 20-m sprint (time across 5, 10, and 20 m); countermovement jump (CMJ; absolute and normalized peak force and jump height); standing long jump (distance); and repeated lateral bound (distance). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted between IMTP measures and other attributes. Results: An almost perfect correlation was evident between absolute peak force attained during the IMTP and CMJ (r = .94, R2 = 56%, P < .05). Moderate to very large correlations (P < .05) were observed between IMTP normalized peak force and 5-m sprint time (r = −.44, R2 = 19%), 10-m sprint time (r = −.45, R2 = 20%), absolute (r = .57, R2 = 33%), normalized (r = .86, R2 = 73%) CMJ peak force, and standing long-jump distance (r = .51, R2 = 26%). Moderate to very large correlations were evident between impulse measures during the IMTP and 5-m sprint time (100 ms, r = −.40, R2 = 16%, P > .05) and CMJ absolute peak force (100 ms, r = .73, R2 = 54%; 250 ms, r = .68, R2 = 47%; P < .05). Conclusions: The IMTP may be used to assess maximal and rapid force expression important across a range of basketball-specific movements.
Columbia River flood basalt flow emplacement rates—Fast, slow, or variable?
Authors: Reidel Stephen , Tolan Terry , Camp Victor 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Emplacement models for voluminous sheet flows of the Columbia River flood basalts vary significantly in style and duration, with the latter ranging from as little as one week to decades and even centuries. Testing the efficacy of such models requires detailed field studies and close examination of each stratigraphic unit. The Steens Basalt, the oldest formation of the Columbia River flood basalts, differs from the later formations in that it is composed of stacked successions of thin, commonly inflated flow lobes combined into thicker compound flows, or flow fields. These flow lobes are of limited geographic extent, with relatively high emplacement rates, but they are otherwise similar to modern examples. Evidence for flow inflation in the much larger sheet flows of the Grande Ronde Basalt, Wanapum Basalt, and Saddle Mountains Basalt is also apparent, but with more variable rates of emplacement. For example, the Asotin and Umatilla Members (Saddle Mountains Basalt) and Sentinel Bluffs Member flows (Grande Ronde Basalt) erupted distinct compositions along their linear vent systems, but over 200 km west of their vents, these flows are no longer distinct. Instead, they exist as compositional zones of a single, moderately mixed lava flow. Such flows must have been emplaced rapidly, in perhaps weeks to months, while others have been shown to erupt over much longer time periods. We conclude that emplacement rates may be quite variable throughout the Columbia River flood basalt province, with thin flow units of Steens Basalt erupting continuously and rapidly, and larger inflated sheet flows erupting over variable time spans, some from a few weeks to months, and others over a duration of years.
40Ar/39Ar geochronologic evidence of Eurekan deformation within the West Spitsbergen Fold and Thrust Belt
Authors: Schneider David A. , Faehnrich Karol , Majka Jarosław , Manecki Maciej 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Eocene Eurekan deformation has proven to be an enigmatic sequence of tectonic episodes dominated by tectonic plate compression and translation in the circum-Arctic region. Prins Karls Forland on western Spitsbergen is composed of Neoproterozoic siliciclastic metasediments of Laurentian affinity regionally metamorphosed to greenschist facies conditions. A crustal-scale ductile to brittle deformation zone, here named the Bouréefjellet fault zone, contains the amphibolite facies Pinkiefjellet Unit exposed between the lower metamorphic grade, upper structural unit of the Grampianfjella Group and the Scotiafjellet Group in the footwall. A preliminary age for the amphibolite facies metamorphism (ca. 360–355 Ma) indicates Ellesmerian tectonism, unlike other higher-grade basement rocks on Svalbard. Ten metasedimentary rocks from within the fault zone were collected for multiple single-grain fusion 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, with up to ten muscovite crystals dated per sample. High strain in the rocks is evinced by mylonitic structure, mica fish, and C’ shear zones, and dynamically recrystallized quartz with significant grain bulging and subgrain rotation, indicative of &gt;350 °C temperatures. There is notable dispersion in the 40Ar/39Ar ages between samples, with single muscovite dates ranging from ca. 300 Ma to as young as 42 Ma, reflecting recrystallization and resetting of the muscovite. Younger, reproducible ages were obtained from samples that possess chemically homogeneous muscovite, yielding dates of 55–44 Ma for the Eurekan deformation on Prins Karls Forland. We suggest that Ellesmerian structures on Prins Karls Forland were reactivated during the Eocene (commencing as early as 55 Ma) progressing under warm, yet brittle, conditions that continued to 44 Ma. These 40Ar/39Ar muscovite dates are the first documented Eurekan deformation ages from Svalbard and enable a better understanding of the stages of Eurekan deformation in the Eocene to improve correlations across the circum-Arctic region.
Paleogene sedimentation and Eurekan deformation in the Stenkul Fiord area of southeastern Ellesmere Island (Canadian Arctic): Evidence for a polyphase history
Authors: von Gosen* W. , Reinhardt* L. , Piepjohn* K. , Schmitz* M.D. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Field studies and interpretative mapping of the area southeast of Stenkul Fiord (Ellesmere Island) revealed that the Margaret Formation clastic deposits consist of at least four sedimentary units (Units 1–4) separated by unconformities. Several centimeter-thick volcanic ash layers, identified within coal layers and preserved as crandallite group minerals (Ca-bearing goyazite), suggest an intense volcanic ash fall activity. Based on new U-Pb zircon dating (ID-TIMS) of three ash samples from one layer, this activity took place at 53.7 Ma in the early Eocene, i.e., within the period of the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 hyperthermal. This age further suggests that the lowermost Unit 1 can be assigned to the late Paleocene–earliest Eocene, Unit 2 to the early Eocene, whereas Units 3 and 4 might be early to middle Eocene in age.
Sedimentation was followed and partly accompanied by compressive Eurekan deformation after ~53.7 Ma, which led to the formation of fold and fault structures. Several pulses of deformation caused uplift and erosion and were followed by sedimentation of the next unit above an unconformity. Deformation presumably ended before the middle Eocene. An earlier phase of probably extensional Eurekan deformation in Unit 1 can be assigned to the latest Paleocene–earliest Eocene. These results show that Paleocene/Eocene sedimentation and Eurekan deformation represent a protracted history comprising several phases of ongoing clastic sedimentation, deformation, uplift, and erosion. This suggests that the Eurekan deformation on Ellesmere Island cannot be assigned to a single fixed time in the Paleogene only.
The Whale Mountain allochthon: A relic of the Iapetus Ocean preserved in the northeastern Brooks Range of Alaska and Yukon
Authors: Johnson Benjamin G. , Strauss Justin V. , Taylor John F. , Ward William P. , Colpron Maurice , McClelland William C. , Toro Jaime 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The Whale Mountain allochthon is a structural complex composed of lower Paleozoic mafic volcanic and marine sedimentary rocks that are exposed within three fault-bounded, east–west-trending belts in the northeastern Brooks Range of Alaska and Yukon. Each belt is characterized by a unique structural and stratigraphic architecture. Trace-element systematics from the volcanic rocks define distinctive suites that are geographically restricted to each belt. The volcanic rocks of the southern belt (the Marsh Fork volcanic rocks) have a tholeiitic character and rare earth element trends that resemble modern mid-ocean-ridge basalt. The volcanic rocks of the central belt (the Whale Mountain volcanic rocks) and northern belt (Ekaluakat formation; new name) both have an alkaline character, but the northern belt rocks are significantly more enriched in the incompatible trace elements. New zircon U-Pb data from two volcaniclastic rock units, one from the southern belt and another from central belt, yield unimodal age populations that range from ca. 567 to 474 Ma, with weighted averages of 504 ± 11 and 512 ± 1.4 Ma for each sample. In the central and southern belts of the allochthon, basalt flows are interbedded with discontinuous limestone and dolostone units that contain trilobites and agnostoid arthropods. Three distinct trilobite faunas of late Cambrian (Furongian) age were recovered from widely separated localities. The scarcity of uniquely Laurentian genera, coupled with an abundance of distinctive species that could not be assigned to any established Furongian genus, argues against models that invoke extrusion of these volcanic rocks onto the autochthonous Laurentian shelf or slope. It is thus proposed that the Whale Mountain allochthon formed in a peri-Laurentian setting, possibly as disparate fragments of the northern Iapetus Ocean that were assembled in an ancient accretionary wedge and subsequently accreted to the northern margin of Laurentia during the early Paleozoic.
Paleontology of the “Ashley Phosphate Beds” of Charleston: Insights from Northbridge Park, Charleston, South Carolina
Authors: Boessenecker Robert W. , Boessenecker Sarah J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
A man-made deposit at Northbridge Park near Charleston, South Carolina, consists of phosphatic nodules, fossils, and mud dredged from the bottom of the Ashley River; nodules and fossils lay strewn across the banks of the river. This artificial deposit is likely representative of deposits mined extensively in the late nineteenth century and widely referred to as the “Ashley Phosphate Beds.” Many of the taxa discovered at Northbridge Park were historically reported from the phosphate beds, and include sharks, rays, bony fish, sea turtles, giant birds, whales, dolphins, sea cows, and land mammals. Some of these bear adhering matrix indicating origin from the Oligocene Ashley Formation. Others lack matrix but have short geochronologic ranges and are derived from the Ashley Formation, Lower Miocene Marks Head Formation, Lower Pliocene Goose Creek Limestone, and Pleistocene Wando Formation.
The Lomfjorden Fault Zone in eastern Spitsbergen (Svalbard)
Authors: Piepjohn* Karsten , Dallmann* Winfried K. , Elvevold* Synnøve 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The Lomfjorden Fault Zone in the eastern part of Spitsbergen is one of the prominent structures in Svalbard oriented parallel to the continental margin of the Barents Shelf. It consists of a network of three N–S-striking major faults (Veteranen, Lomfjorden, and Agardhbukta faults), two N–S-striking reverse faults (Lomfjella and Bjørnfjellet reverse faults), and a number of NE–SW- and NNW–SSE-striking normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults. Structural data collected during fieldwork in the northern and central segments of the fault zone, in combination with published data from the southernmost segment, indicate that N–S-striking reverse faults in the Lomfjorden Fault Zone were caused by convergence transferred from the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt eastward along detachments during an initial phase of the Eurekan deformation in the early Eocene. The W–E contraction was followed by sinistral and dextral strike-slip tectonics along the Lomfjorden Fault Zone during a later phase of the Eurekan deformation in the late Eocene. The NNW–SSE-striking reverse and normal faults are oriented obliquely between the N–S-striking, en-échelon Lomfjorden and Agardhbukta faults. Shortening and extension across these, respectively, can be explained by left-stepping contractional overstep or left-stepping wrench faults in an overall dextral and left-stepping extensional overstep or left-stepping wrench faults in an overall sinistral, N–S-trending strike-slip system. It was not possible to determine if the sinistral phase pre-dated the dextral one or vice versa. The presence of a large granite massif, the Newtontoppen Granite, is suspected to influence or even control the course of the faults and their transfer systems. The involvement and reactivation of preexisting Carboniferous and even older structures and the superimposition of convergent and lateral movements along the Lomfjorden Fault Zone is similar to large fault zones in North Greenland and on Ellesmere Island, indicating that it represents an important element of the Eurekan Orogeny during the final break-up of Laurasia.
A record of the micrometeorite flux during an enigmatic extraterrestrial 3He anomaly in the Turonian (Late Cretaceous)
Authors: Martin* Ellinor , Schmitz Birger , Montanari Alessandro 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We reconstructed a record of the micrometeorite flux in the Late Cretaceous using the distribution of extraterrestrial spinel grains across an ~2 m.y. interval of elevated 3He in the Turonian Stage (ca. 92–90 Ma). From ~30 m of the limestone succession in the Bottaccione section, Italy, a total of 979 kg of rock from levels below and within the 3He excursion yielded 603 spinel grains (32–355 μm size). Of those, 115 represent equilibrated ordinary chondritic chromite (EC). Within the 3He excursion, there is no change in the number of EC grains per kilogram of sediment, but H-chondritic grains dominate over L and LL grains (70%, 27%, and 3%), contrary to the interval before the excursion, where the relation between the three groups (50%, 44%, and 6%) is similar to today and to the Early Cretaceous. Intriguingly, within the 3He anomaly, there is also a factor-of-five increase of vanadium-rich chrome spinels likely originating from achondritic and unequilibrated ordinary chondritic meteorites. The 3He anomaly has an unusually spiky and temporal progression not readily explained by present models for delivery of extraterrestrial dust to Earth. Previous suggestions of a relation to a comet or asteroid shower possibly associated with dust-producing lunar impacts are not supported by our data. Instead, the spinel data preliminary indicate a more general disturbance of the asteroid belt, where different parent bodies or source regions of micrometeorites were affected at the same time. More spinel grains need to be recovered and more oxygen isotopic analyses of grains are required to resolve the origin of the 3He anomaly.
Concurrent validity of a patient self-administered examination and a clinical examination for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Owusu-Akyaw Kwadwo Adu , Hutyra Carolyn A , Evanson Richard J , Cook Chad E , Reiman Mike , Mather Richard C 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTelehealth has been established as a viable option for improved access and timeliness of care. Physician-guided patient self-evaluation may improve the viability of telehealth evaluation; however, there are little data evaluating the efficacy of self-administered examination (SAE). This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of a patient SAE to a traditional standardised clinical examination (SCE) for evaluation of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).Methods75 patients seeking care for hip-related pain were included for participation. All patients underwent both SAE and SCE and were randomised to the order of the examinations. Diagnostic accuracy statistics were calculated for both examination group for a final diagnosis of FAIS. Mean diagnostic accuracy results for each group were then compared using Mann-Whitney U non-parametric tests.ResultsThe diagnostic accuracy of individual SAE and SCE manoeuvres varied widely. Both SAE and SCE demonstrated no to moderate change in post-test probability for the diagnosis of FAIS. Although low, SAE demonstrated a statistically greater mean diagnostic accuracy compared with the SCE (53.6% vs 45.5%, p=0.02).ConclusionDiagnostic accuracy was statistically significantly higher for the self-exam than for the traditional clinical exam although the difference may not be clinically relevant. Although the mean accuracy remains relatively low for both exams, these values are consistent with hip exam for FAIS reported in the literature. Having established the validity of an SAE, future investigations will need to evaluate implementation in a telehealth setting.
Implications for new physics in $$b\rightarrow s \mu \mu $$ transitions after recent measurements by Belle and LHCb
Authors: Kowalska Kamila , Kumar Dinesh , Sessolo Enrico Maria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a Bayesian analysis of the implications for new physics in semileptonic$$b\rightarrow s$$b→stransitions after including new measurements of$$R_K$$RKat LHCb and new determinations of$$R_{K^*}$$RK∗and$$R_{K^{*+}}$$RK∗+at Belle. We perform global fits with 1, 2, 4, and 8 input Wilson coefficients, plus one CKM nuisance parameter to take into account uncertainties that are not factorizable. We infer the 68% and 95.4% credibility regions of the marginalized posterior probability density for all scenarios and perform comparisons of models in pairs by calculating the Bayes factor given a common data set. We then proceed to analyzing a few well-known BSM models that can provide a high energy framework for the EFT analysis. These include the exchange of a heavy$$Z^{'}$$Z′boson in models with heavy vector-like fermions and a scalar field, and a model with scalar leptoquarks. We provide predictions for the BSM couplings and expected mass values.
Near-$$AdS_2$$ perturbations and the connection with near-extreme Reissner–Nordstrom
Authors: Porfyriadis Achilleas P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The geometry very near the horizon of a near-extreme Reissner–Nordstrom black hole is described by the direct product of a near-$$AdS_2$$AdS2 spacetime with a two-sphere. While near-$$AdS_2$$AdS2 is locally diffeomorphic to $$AdS_2$$AdS2 the two connect differently with the asymptotically flat part of the geometry of (near-)extreme Reissner–Nordstrom. In previous work, we solved analytically the coupled gravitational and electromagnetic perturbation equations of $$AdS_2\times S^2$$AdS2×S2 and the associated connection problem with extreme Reissner–Nordstrom. In this paper, we give the solution for perturbations of near-$$AdS_2\times S^2$$AdS2×S2 and make the connection with near-extreme Reissner–Nordstrom. Our results here may also be thought of as computing the classical scattering matrix for gravitational and electromagnetic waves which probe the region very near the horizon of a highly charged spherically symmetric black hole.
A first determination of parton distributions with theoretical uncertainties
Authors: Abdul Khalek Rabah , Ball Richard D. , Carrazza Stefano , Forte Stefano , Giani Tommaso , Kassabov Zahari , Nocera Emanuele R. , Pearson Rosalyn L. , Rojo Juan , Rottoli Luca , Ubiali Maria , Voisey Cameron , Wilson Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The parton distribution functions (PDFs) which characterize the structure of the proton are currently one of the dominant sources of uncertainty in the predictions for most processes measured at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Here we present the first extraction of the proton PDFs that accounts for the missing higher order uncertainty (MHOU) in the fixed-order QCD calculations used in PDF determinations. We demonstrate that the MHOU can be included as a contribution to the covariance matrix used for the PDF fit, and then introduce prescriptions for the computation of this covariance matrix using scale variations. We validate our results at next-to-leading order (NLO) by comparison to the known next order (NNLO) corrections. We then construct variants of the NNPDF3.1 NLO PDF set that include the effect of the MHOU, and assess their impact on the central values and uncertainties of the resulting PDFs.