bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of lorcaserin in different age groups: a post hoc analysis of patients from the BLOOM, BLOSSOM and BLOOM‐DM studies
Authors: Fujioka K. , Malhotra M. , Perdomo C. , Apovian C. M. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIntroductionThe elderly population is projected to be the fastest growing group of individuals with obesity group in the United States. As such, there is merit in examining factors that contribute to healthy aging and weight management. The effects of newer weight loss medications approved after 2013 have been studied but are not often assessed specifically in older persons.MethodsThis post hoc analysis evaluated the magnitude of weight loss in adults across age quartiles with lorcaserin, a serotonin (5‐HT) 2C receptor agonist indicated as an adjunct to a reduced‐caloric diet and increased physical activity for chronic weight management. Data from three lorcaserin pivotal phase 3 studies were used in this analysis. Data for patients with overweight/obesity without type 2 diabetes (T2D; BLOOM/BLOSSOM; body mass index [BMI] 27.0–29.9 kg/m2 and ≥1 comorbidity or BMI 30.0–45.0 kg/m2) and patients with overweight/obesity with T2D (BLOOM‐DM; BMI 27.0–45.0 kg/m2) were used. Patients were randomized to receive lorcaserin 10 mg twice daily or placebo in addition to diet and exercise for 52 weeks. Age quartiles between the studies differed as the T2D population was on average, 9 years older.ResultsThis analysis shows that lorcaserin was associated with improved weight loss relative to placebo regardless of age. Importantly, these results were consistent for patients with and without T2D. Interestingly, the magnitude of weight loss for lorcaserin appeared to increase with increasing age. In patients without T2D, odds of achieving ≥5% and ≥10% reduction in body weight at 52 weeks were significantly higher for patients >36 years. Lorcaserin was well tolerated in all patients across all quartiles including the oldest quartile.ConclusionsIn summary, this post hoc analysis demonstrates that lorcaserin treatment in patients with and without T2D was safe and effective at reducing weight across all age groups analysed. Weight loss appeared to be greater for older patients; additional analyses are warranted to confirm these findings and to better understand the factors for improved weight loss.
A unique phenotype of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a patient with GATA2 haploinsufficiency
Authors: Esparza Orlando , Xavier Ana C. , Atkinson T. Prescott , Hill Benjamin C. , Whelan Kimberly 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGermline or acquired mutations involving the GATA‐binding protein gene (GATA2) have been linked to a variety of clinical conditions. In addition, patients harboring GATA2 mutations have a striking predisposition to develop myeloid malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia, but not acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We report here a unique occurrence of early T‐cell precursor ALL in a young child with GATA2 haploinsufficiency.
Stage at diagnosis for children with blood cancers in Australia: Application of the Toronto Paediatric Cancer Stage Guidelines in a population‐based national childhood cancer registry
Authors: Youlden Danny R. , Gupta Sumit , Frazier A. Lindsay , Moore Andrew S. , Baade Peter D. , Valery Patricia C. , Green Adèle C. , Aitken Joanne F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundInformation on stage at diagnosis for childhood blood cancers is essential for surveillance but is not available on a population basis in most countries. Our aim was to apply the internationally endorsed Toronto Paediatric Cancer Stage Guidelines to children (<15 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and to assess differences in survival by stage at diagnosis.ProcedureStage was defined by extent of involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) for ALL and AML and using the Ann Arbor and St Jude‐Murphy systems for HL and NHL, respectively. The study cohort was drawn from the population‐based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry, consisting of children diagnosed with one of these four blood cancers between 2006 and 2014 with follow‐up to 2015. Five‐year observed survival was estimated from the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsStage was assigned to 2201 of 2351 eligible patients (94%), ranging from 85% for AML to 95% for ALL, HL, and NHL. Survival following ALL varied from 94% (95% CI = 93%–95%) for CNS1 disease to 89% (95% CI = 79%–94%) for CNS2 (P = 0.07), whereas for AML there was essentially no difference in survival between CNS− (77%) and CNS+ disease (78%; P = 0.94). Nearly all children with HL survived for five years. There was a trend (P = 0.04) toward worsening survival with higher stage for NHL.ConclusionsThese results provide the first population‐wide picture of the distribution and outcomes for childhood blood cancers in Australia by extent of disease at diagnosis and provide a baseline for future comparisons.
A seawater‐assisted self‐healing metal–catechol polyurethane with tunable mechanical properties
Authors: Xu Shaobin , Sheng Dekun , Liu Xiangdong , Ji Fance , Zhou Yan , Dong Li , Wu Haohao , Yang Yuming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecently, self‐healing polymers have been one of the most intriguing academic fields due to the fact that they can increase their service lives and reduce the amount of waste. Here we designed and synthesized a novel telechelic polyurethane with dopamine (DA) end groups that are coordinated with Ca2+ to form dynamic non‐covalent bonds. The tensile stress of the designed polyurethanes increases with increase in the amount of metal cation added, while the strain at break slightly decreases. Rheological tests show that the ionic coordination between Ca2+ and catechol can dynamically break and recombine under the stimulation of seawater, endowing the polymer with superior self‐healing properties (up to 84% based on toughness). Therefore, the seawater‐triggered self‐healable, super tough polyurethane presented here is very intriguing as it has many potential applications especially in the marine environment. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Antagonistic activity of auxin and cytokinin in shoot and root organs
Authors: Kurepa Jasmina , Shull Timothy E. , Smalle Jan A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe hormones auxin and cytokinin are essential for plant growth and development. Because of the central importance of root and shoot apical meristems in plant growth, auxin/cytokinin interactions have been predominantly analyzed in relation to apical meristem formation and function. In contrast, the auxin/cytokinin interactions during organ growth have remained largely unexplored. Here, we show that a specific interaction between auxin and cytokinin operates in both the root and the shoot where it serves as an additional determinant of plant development. We found that auxin at low concentrations limits the action of cytokinin. An increase in cytokinin level counteracts this inhibitory effect and leads to an inhibition of auxin signaling. At higher concentrations of both hormones, these antagonistic interactions between cytokinin and auxin are absent. Thus, our results reveal a bidirectional and asymmetrical interaction of auxin and cytokinin beyond the bounds of apical meristems. The relation is bidirectional in that both hormones exert inhibitory effects on each other's signaling mechanisms. However, this relation is also asymmetrical because under controlled growth conditions, auxin present in nontreated plants suppresses cytokinin signaling, whereas the reverse is not the case.
Analysis of upper and middle segment esophageal setup errors and planning of target margins based on cone beam computed tomography for esophageal radiation with immobilized thermoplastic film
Authors: Yong Shi , Ying Chen , Fen Zhang , Ling Li , Yanli Liu , Qinying Yan , Min Zhang , Chengjian Li , Dong Li 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the setup errors in patients with upper and middle segment esophageal cancer who underwent cone beam computed tomography immobilized by thermoplastic film, and to probe the margins using the esophageal clinical target volume (CTV) in three directions.MethodsA total of 60 patients with upper and middle segment esophageal cancer were enrolled. All patients were immobilized by thermoplastic film and underwent cone beam computed tomography at the first, 10th, and 20th treatment after positioning, respectively. These cone beam computed tomography images were registered to the planning computed tomography to determine setup errors in translational and rotational directions. Then, CTV margins were calculated from the systematic and random errors.ResultsSetup errors on x (left–right), y (superior–inferior), and z (anteroposterior) translational directions were 2.93 ± 2.24, 3.81 ± 2.31, and 2.41 ± 1.65 mm, and on θ (pitch degree), ϕ (roll degree), and ψ (yaw degree) rotational directions were 2.08 ± 1.32°, 1.53 ± 1.03°, and 1.65 ± 1.14°, respectively. The margins from CTV were 7.35, 8.09, and 5.94 mm in the x, y, and z directions, respectively. In the y and z directions, translational errors were significantly correlated with ϕ and ψ degree rotational errors (Pearson = –0.511, –0.503, P < 0.05). In the interfraction, only on the z direction, setup changes were considered significantly correlated with ψ degree (Pearson = –0.571, P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn patients with upper and middle segment esophageal cancer immobilized by thermoplastic film, the margins from CTV were recommended to be not less than 7.39, 7,83, and 5.91 mm in x, y, and z directions, respectively. The position immobilization method and positioning workflow should be improved further to reduce the influence of breathing movement on setup errors.
Determination of Phthalate Esters in Water and Coffee by Solid‐Phase Microextraction Using Vinyl Terminated Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquid Grafted on Graphene Oxide Coatings
Authors: Tashakkori Paniz , Erdem Pelin , Merdivan Melek , Bozkurt Serap Seyhan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA series of novel ionic liquids (1‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐3‐vinyl imidazolium bromide/tetrafluoroborate) grafted onto graphene oxide‐ coated stainless‐steel wires by a sol‐gel technique were fabricated and used as solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) fibers for the determination of phthalate esters (PAEs) in water and coffee by a direct immersion‐SPME‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (DI‐SPME‐GC‐MS) method. The effect of pH, stirring rate, ionic strength, extraction temperature and extraction time were examined for each home‐made fiber. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method displayed wide linearity (0.01‐500 μg L−1), good repeatability (0.26‐13.30%; n=3), and low limit of detections (LODs, 5–30 ng L−1). The home‐made fibers had good durability and could be used for more than 120 sorption/desorption cycles. The fiber‐to‐fiber reproducibility was in the range of 1.53‐4.53% for 100 μg L−1. The method was successfully performed on tap water, seawater and coffee samples with recoveries from 87.6 to 100.7%. The extraction efficiencies of home‐made SPME fibers were satisfactorily comparable with those of PA and CAR/PDMS commercial SPME fibers.
C59X Heterofullerenes (X=N, B, Si, P and S) as Catalysts for Reduction of N2O: A Comparative DFT Study
Authors: Esrafili Mehdi D. , Heydari Safa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUsing DFT calculations, the adsorption behavior of N2O and CO molecules is studied over some C59X heterofullerenes (X=N, B, P, Si and S). The adsorption energies of N2O over C59X fullerenes are in the range of −0.08 to −1.73 eV (at the PBE/DNP level), while those of CO molecule range from −0.06 to −0.91 eV. Our results indicate that the tendency of C59B and C59Si to adsorb N2O and CO molecules is much larger than that of other heterofullerenes. The activation energy for the reduction of N2O by CO over C59Si is calculated to be only 0.15 eV. According to these results, C59Si can be regarded as a promising metal‐free catalyst for low‐temperature reduction of N2O.
Metal‐Free C‐H Thiomethylation of Quinones Using Iodine and DMSO and Study of Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Rajasekar Sakthidevi , Krishna T. P. Adarsh , Tharmalingam Nagendran , Andivelu Ilangovan , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel, transition metal‐free, molecular iodine mediated method for thiomethylation of quinones, using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a benign thiomethylating agent is described. This greener reaction protocol leads to selective mono thiomethylation in low to high yield and tolerates a range of substituent groups. Preliminary antibacterial evaluation of thiomethylated quinones, carried out against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus shows promising results. One of the compound 3′‐methyl‐6‐(methylthio)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2,5‐dione exhibited antimicrobial activity even against clinical isolates of S. aureus and vancomycin‐intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA).
One‐Pot Synthesis of Homogeneous EuF3 Nanoplates: A Near‐Ultraviolet Light‐Induced Red‐Emitting Bifunctional Platform for in vitro Cell Imaging and Solid‐State Lighting
Authors: Du Peng , Liu Ying , Kim Yeon‐Ju , Yu Jae Su 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe reported a new approach to prepare the homogenous EuF3 nanoplates and discussed their potential applications. Upon 396 nm excitation, the EuF3 nanoplates exhibited the visible emissions with high color purity of 84.7%. The monitored photoluminescence emission spectrum indicated that the Eu3+ ions took the high symmetry positions in the host lattices which was further confirmed via the theoretical calculation based on the Judd‐Ofelt theory. The thermal quenching performance of the EuF3 nanoplates was analyzed by the temperature‐dependent photoluminescence emission spectra and the activation energy was decided to be 0.28 eV. With the aid of the near‐ultraviolet chip and EuF3 nanoplates, a red‐emitting light‐emitting diode device was prepared so as to identify the feasibility of the EuF3 nanoplates for solid‐state lighting. Additionally, the cell viability of the EuF3 nanoplates as well as their fluorescence imaging behaviors in the A549 lung cancer cells was also investigated. The observed results demonstrated that the EuF3 nanoplates were bifunctional platform for in vitro cell imaging and solid‐state lighting.
Hierarchical Porous Carbon Prepared through Sustainable CuCl2 Activation of Rice Husk for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Tian YongXia , Xiao Chengyuan , Yin Jian , Zhang Wenli , Bao JinPeng , Lin Haibo , Lu Haiyan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPorous carbon material has been widely used as the electrode material for supercapacitor owing to distinctive advantages of high electrical conductivity, low cost and availability at ease. In this study, rice‐husk‐derived porous carbon (RHPC) is successfully prepared by employing a new activation agent copper chloride (CuCl2). The morphology and porous structure of RHPC are characterized by scanning electron microscope and N2 adsorption/desorption. The electrochemical performances of RHPC are investigated by alvanostatic charge‐discharge, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The RHPC possesses high porosity and large specific surface area. When used as supercapacitor electrode materials, RHPC exhibits high specific capacitance of 165.23 F⋅g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A⋅g−1, excellent cycle stability and noticeable high‐rate capacity of 151.69 F⋅g−1 even at a high current density of 20 A⋅g−1. More importantly, the preparation of this CuCl2 activator is facile and low‐cost. Besides, the recyclability meet the requirements of environmental concerns.
Concise Pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine Synthesis via Direct Annulation of N‐Uracil Amidines with Benzaldehydes Under Transition Metal Free Conditions
Authors: Debnath Pradip , Sahu Gouranga , De Utpal C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel and concise route towards the synthesis of pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidines via a direct annulation reaction of N‐uracil amidines with benzaldehydes under transition metal free conditions has been described. The requisite precursors N‐uracil amidines are obtained via SNAE reaction on 6‐chlorouracil with amidines. A series of pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidines has been synthesized in good to excellent yields by the direct annulation of N‐uracil amidines with benzaldehydes using Cs2CO3 as base and molecular oxygen as oxidant in tBuOH at 100 0C. This synthetic protocol has a number of advantages such as‐ operational simplicity, use of green oxidant, avoidance of transition metal catalysts or ligands, and easy accessibility of the starting materials, making it a highly practical approach to access various pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidines of biological interest.
Heterogeneous Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Three‐Component Reaction Towards Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines: Efficient and Practical One‐Pot Synthesis of Alpidem
Authors: Liao Yang , Huang Bin , Huang Xue , Cai Mingzhong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe heterogeneous cascade three‐component reaction of 2‐aminopyridines, aldehydes and terminal alkynes was achieved in toluene at 120 °C in the presence of 3‐(2‐aminoethylamino)propyl‐functionalized MCM‐41‐immobilized copper(I) complex [MCM‐41‐2 N‐CuCl] (5 mol%) and copper(II) complex [MCM‐41‐2N−Cu(OTf)2] (5 mol%), yielding a wide variety of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines in mostly good to excellent yields. These two heterogeneous copper catalysts can be facilely prepared via a simple procedure from readily available and inexpensive reagents, and recovered by filtration and recycled up to eight times with almost consistent activity.
Alteration in sleep architecture and electroencephalogram as an early sign of Alzheimer's disease preceding the disease pathology and cognitive decline
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhong Rujia , Li Song , Fu Zhenfa , Wang Renfei , Wang Tianxiao , Huang Zhili , Le Weidong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe present work aims to evaluate the significance of sleep disturbance and electroencephalogram (EEG) alteration in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Background and RationaleSleep disturbance is common in patients with AD. It is not known if it can occur at the early stage of AD and if EEG recording may help identify the early sign of the disease.Historical EvolutionSleep disturbance in AD has generally been considered as late consequence of the neurodegenerative process. A growing body of evidence has suggested that the sleep disturbance may occur at the early stage of AD.Updated HypothesisBased on the previous epidemiologic studies and our recent findings, we propose that sleep disturbance may play an important role in the development of AD. Sleep EEG changes may serve as a valuable early sign for AD in the prepathological stage.Early Experimental DataOur data suggested that AβPPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic AD mice at preplaque stage (3 and 4 months of age) exhibited different profile of sleep architecture and sleep EEG, which preceded the cognitive deficit and AD neuropathology.Future Experiments and Validation StudiesFuture experiments should focus on sleep EEG changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment and early stage of AD. Follow‐up studies in high‐risk population of the elderly are equally important. In addition, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the sleep disturbance should be thoroughly investigated.Major Challenges for the HypothesisStudies on human participants with early stage of AD, especially the follow‐up studies on the presymptomatic elderly in a large population, are difficult and time‐consuming.Linkage to Other Major TheoriesOur hypothesis may link previous theories to establish a bidirectional relationship between sleep disorders and AD, which may finally form a new schematic mechanism to understand the disease pathogenesis and disease progression.
Imams’ Experience With and Response to Mosque-Goers With OCD Scrupulosity
Authors: Jones Mairwen K. , Harris Lynne M. , Esfahani Rajezi Sepideh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe experience of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms that have a religious theme is common. Recent research has found that religious participants with religious OCD symptoms frequently turn to religious advisors, such as imams or clergy, for help to understand and alleviate their symptoms. As such, the advice provided by imams or clergy may have an important impact on the response of the person seeking help. This study examined the attitudes, beliefs and experiences of 64 Muslim imams with mosque-goers who had religious OCD symptoms, particularly scrupulosity. This study also examined imams’ familiarity with first-line psychological treatments for OCD such as Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). Sunni imams from Australia and Shia imams from Iran completed an online survey based on the research of Deacon, Vincent, and Zhang (2012), which was conducted with Christian clergy in the United States. Results showed that the majority of imams were unfamiliar with scrupulosity as a possible symptom of a mental health problem, such as OCD, and with ERP as a recognised treatment for OCD. While 37% of participants reported having been approached by mosque-goers for help with scrupulosity, only 9% referred mosque-goers to mental health professionals, and only one imam reported having referred a mosque-goer for ERP. Sunni imams located in Australia were more likely to provide advice inconsistent with the ERP approach and were also significantly less likely than Shia imams located in Iran to recommend referral to a mental health professional who was not affiliated with their own religious denomination. Finally, Sunni imams had significantly higher scores than Shia imams on Thought Action Fusion (TAF) subscales. Results of multiple regression analysis revealed that TAF explained a considerable amount of the variance related to ERP-inconsistent advice. Research implications and limitations are discussed.
DOXASTIC RESPONSIBILITY, GUIDANCE CONTROL, AND OWNERSHIP OF BELIEF
Authors: Osborne Robert Carry 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe contemporary debate over responsibility for belief is divided over the issue of whether such responsibility requires doxastic control, and whether this control must be voluntary in nature. It has recently become popular to hold that responsibility for belief does not require voluntary doxastic control, or perhaps even any form of doxastic ‘control’ at all. However, Miriam McCormick has recently argued that doxastic responsibility does in fact require quasi-voluntary doxastic control: “guidance control,” a complex, compatibilist form of control. In this paper, I pursue a negative and a positive task. First, I argue that grounding doxastic responsibility in guidance control requires too much for agents to be the proper targets for attributions of doxastic responsibility. I will focus my criticisms on three cases in which McCormick's account gives the intuitively wrong verdict. Second, I develop a modified conception of McCormick's notion of “ownership of belief,” which I call Weak Doxastic Ownership. I employ this conception to argue that responsibility for belief is possible even in the absence of guidance control. In doing so, I argue that the notion of doxastic ownership can do important normative work in grounding responsibility for belief without being subsumed under or analyzed in terms of the notion of doxastic control.