bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sol-gel-derived gallium nitride thin films for ultraviolet photodetection
Authors: Fong Chee Yong , Ng Sha Shiong , Mohd Amin NurFahana , Yam Fong Kwong , Hassan Zainuriah 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This study aims to explore the applicability of the sol-gel-derived GaN thin films for UV photodetection.

Design/methodology/approach
GaN-based ultraviolet (UV) photodetector with Pt Schottky contacts was fabricated and its applicability was investigated. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the GaN-based UV photodetector under the dark current and photocurrent were measured.

Findings
The ideality factors of GaN-based UV photodetector under dark current and photocurrent were 6.93 and 5.62, respectively. While the Schottky barrier heights (SBH) for GaN-based UV photodetector under dark current and photocurrent were 0.35 eV and 0.34 eV, respectively. The contrast ratio and responsivity of this UV photodetector measured at 5 V were found to be 1.36 and 1.68 μA/W, respectively. The photoresponse as a function of time was measured by switching the UV light on and off continuously at different forward biases of 1, 3 and 6 V. The results showed that the fabricated UV photodetector has reasonable stability and repeatability.

Originality/value
This work demonstrated that GaN-based UV photodetector can be fabricated by using the GaN thin film grown by low-cost and simple sol-gel spin coating method.
Understanding digital moms: motivations to interact with brands on social networking sites
Authors: Treviño Teresa , Pineda Garelli José Luis 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the motivations of digital moms to develop relationships with brands in the online environment.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a qualitative, interpretative approach, this paper uses several data collection methods such as netnography, focus groups and in-depth interviews to fully understand the motivations of digital moms.

Findings
The results suggest that eight motivations influence consumers to engage with and follow brands on their social networking sites: information, entertainment, knowledge-seeking, social influence, social interaction, brand-relationship maintenance, communication and self-expression. A proposed framework that categorizes these motivations based on the level of engagement, and the type of user is discussed along with the new functions that brands fulfill in the online environment.

Research limitations/implications
These findings have practical implications for managers seeking to design and implement improved branding strategies to develop stronger, more meaningful relationships with their customers. The location of participants of this study can be considered as a limitation, as the different life situations or contexts of other Internet users may alter the results.

Originality/value
This study recognizes important changes in consumer behavior elicited by online technologies. Several qualitative data collection methods are used to identify and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the motivations of digital moms to interact with brands online. A major contribution of this research is the establishment of a link between consumer-brand relationship theory and uses and gratifications theory.
Luxury and Twitter: an issue of the right words
Authors: Mazzoli Valentina , Grazzini Laura , Donvito Raffaele , Aiello Gaetano 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to provide scholars and practitioners with an innovative method of analyzing luxury brand associations in social media (i.e. Twitter). To do so, authors investigated the alignment between luxury brand identity and luxury brand image in online communication, taking into consideration firm- and user-generated content (UGC) in the form of bloggers’ contents. This paper introduces new tools that luxury brand managers could use to manage and adapt the way they communicate and interact with their customers.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopts a qualitative approach based on a content analysis of Twitter posts of six luxury fashion brands (1,334 posts) and the related Twitter electronic word-of-mouth of fashion bloggers (329 tweets).

Findings
The results show a match between luxury brand identity and luxury brand image on Twitter. Specifically, the findings indicate that both brands and bloggers stress the same dimensions of luxury (aesthetic, desirable, symbolic, restricted accessibility and hedonistic experience) confirming that the ways they communicate luxury brands to consumers are aligned. Moreover, the results suggest that luxury brands could reinforce their brand value by making more use of words that are semantically related to luxury.

Originality/value
This study approaches the relationship between social media and luxury brands in a novel way and provides scholars and managers with a tool for monitoring the gap between desired and perceived brand associations.
Consumer engagement on social media: insights from a virtual brand community
Authors: Lima Vitor Moura , Irigaray Hélio Arthur Reis , Lourenco Carlos 
Published: December 2018

PurposeBased on the conceptual model of consumer engagement in a virtual brand community, this study aims to investigate this phenomenon and gauges the validity of the model’s assumptions in the context of a Facebook fan page.Design/methodology/approachThe interactions between L’Oréal Paris Brazil and the members of its virtual community were collected for three months using a netnographic approach. The data of these interactions were evaluated using content analysis techniques.FindingsThe dimensions, processes and sub-processes of the conceptual model of consumer engagement, as proposed in the literature, were confirmed. Furthermore, the results reinforce the perspective that simple participation or involvement does not presume engagement, which reflects a complex psychological state dependent on the context and requiring previous and subsequent processes to manifest.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings were based on an examination of a high-end beauty product brand’s Facebook page. Nevertheless, these findings are not necessarily limited to high-end context consumers. Larger scale research (i.e. involving wider product categories) could endorse the underlying theoretical model of engagement.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to understanding the dynamics of how brands build relationships with consumers through social media and confirms the dynamics of the engagement concept and its role as a tool to increase brand value and competitive advantage.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the field by bridging the knowledge gap concerning consumer engagement in a social media context with practical and empirical evidence.
Rheology of F620 solder paste and flux
Authors: Barbosa Flavia V. , Teixeira José C.F. , Teixeira Senhorinha F.C.F. , Lima Rui A.M.M. , Soares Delfim F. , Pinho Diana M.D. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to characterize the rheological properties of the flux media exposed to different levels of solicitation and to determine its influence on the rheology of the solder paste. The data obtained experimentally are fundamental for the development of numerical models that allow the simulation of the printing process of printed circuit boards (PCB).

Design/methodology/approach
Rheological tests were performed using the Malvern rheometer Bohlin CVO. These experiments consist of the analysis of the viscosity, yield stress, thixotropy, elastic and viscous properties through oscillatory tests and the capacity to recover using a creep-recovery experiment. The results obtained from this rheological analysis are compared with the rheological properties of the solder paste F620.

Findings
The results have shown that the flux is viscoelastic in nature and shear thinning. The viscosity does not decrease with increasing solicitations, except in the case where the flow is withdrawn directly from the bottle. Even if the solder paste shows a thixotropic behavior, this is not the case of the flux, meaning that this property is given by the metal particles. Furthermore, the oscillatory tests proved that the flux presents a dominant solid-like behavior, higher than the solder paste, meaning that the cohesive/tacky behavior of the solder paste is given by the flux.

Research limitations/implications
To complement this work, printing tests are required.

Originality/value
This work demonstrates the importance of the rheological characterization of the flux in order to understand its influence in the solder paste performance during the stencil printing process.
Vapour phase soldering (VPS) technology: a review
Authors: Illés Balázs , Géczy Attila , Medgyes Bálint , Harsányi Gábor 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present a review of the recent developments in vapour phase soldering (VPS) technology. This study focuses on the following topics: recent developments of the technology, i.e. soft and vacuum VPS; measurement and characterization methods of vapour space, i.e. temperature and pressure; numerical simulation of the VPS soldering process, i.e. condensate layer and solder joint formation; and quality and reliability studies of the solder joints prepared by VPS, i.e. void content and microstructure of the solder joints.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was written according to the results of a wide literature review about the substantial previous works in the past decade and according to the authors’ own results.

Findings
Up to now, a part of the electronics industry believes that the reflow soldering with VPS method is a significant alternative of convection and infrared technologies. The summarized results of the field in this study support this idea.

Research limitations/implications
This literature review provides engineers and researchers with understanding of the limitations and application possibilities of the VPS technology and the current challenges in soldering technology.

Originality/value
This paper summarizes the most important advantages and disadvantages of VPS technology compared to the other reflow soldering methods, as well as points out the necessary further developments and possible research directions.
Boundary Work: Becoming Middle Class in Suburban Dar es Salaam
Authors: Mercer Claire 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSuburban space provides a useful window onto contemporary class practices in Africa, where it is difficult to identify social classes on the basis of income or occupation. In this article I argue that the middle classes and the suburbs are mutually constitutive in the Tanzanian city of Dar es Salaam. Using interviews with residents and local government officials in the city's northern suburbs, I discuss the material and representational practices of middle‐class boundary work in relation to land and landscape. If the middle classes do not presently constitute a coherent political‐economic force, they are nevertheless transforming the city's former northern peri‐urban zones into desirable suburban residential neighbourhoods.
Why ‘Good Governance’ Fails: Lessons from Regional Economic Development in Colombia
Authors: Franz Tobias 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBy critically reviewing different strands of literature on institutional change and development, this essay argues that, in order to fully understand subnational economic development, we need to move away from ‘good governance' explanations in which geography‐specific analyses of power structures and elite interests are largely absent. Using findings for Colombia and insights from economic geography and heterodox political economy theories, this essay gives theoretical and conceptual guidelines and approximations for future studies on regional economic development. The contribution provides a place‐based discussion of how the historically evolved distribution of power balances, context‐specific elite interests, and the interaction between place‐bound actors and place‐less dynamics affect subnational institutional arrangements shaping policies and development outcomes. The conclusions drawn are not limited to Colombia and will prove beneficial to researchers studying regional economic development in subnational contexts elsewhere in the world.
Dietary Amino Acids and the Gut‐Microbiome‐Immune Axis: Physiological Metabolism and Therapeutic Prospects
Authors: Ma Ning , Ma Xi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDietary amino acids (AAs) are not only absorbed and metabolized by enterocytes but also available to the microbiota in the gut in mammals. In addition to serving as the materials for protein synthesis, AAs can act as precursors for numerous metabolic end products in reactions involving the intestinal mucosa and microbiota. After penetrating the epithelial barrier, microbial metabolites can enter and accumulate in the host circulatory system, where they are sensed by immune cells and then elicit a wide range of biological functions via different receptors and mechanisms. Some intestinal bacteria can also synthesize certain AAs, implying that the exchange of AAs between hosts and microorganisms is bidirectional. Changes in AA composition and abundance can affect AA‐metabolizing bacterial communities and modulate macrophages and dendritic cells via toll‐like receptors (TLRs), autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2), and NOD‐like receptors (NLRs), and also regulate the gut‐microbiome‐immune axis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), serotonin/5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), and other signaling pathways, all of which play critical roles in regulating the intestinal mucosal immunity and microbiota directly or indirectly, contributing to intestinal homeostasis. Therefore, the current findings of the effects of certain functional AAs on the gut‐microbiome‐immune axis are reviewed, illustrating signaling pathways of tryptophan (Trp), glutamine (Gln), methionine (Met), and branched‐chain AAs (BCAAs) in the intestinal barrier and regarding immunity via crosstalk with their receptors or ligands. These findings have shed light on the clinical applications of dietary AAs in improving gut microbiota and mucosal immunity, therefore benefiting the gut as well as local and systemic health.
Reducing Crime Among Youth at Risk for Gang Involvement
Authors: Thornberry Terence P. , Kearley Brook , Gottfredson Denise C. , Slothower Molly P. , Devlin Deanna N. , Fader Jamie J. 
Published: December 2018

Research SummaryNo gang prevention or intervention programs meet the standards for effectiveness promulgated by Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development. This randomized controlled trial of a well‐known program—Functional Family Therapy—that was modified to address the needs of gang‐involved adolescents yields two main findings. First, youth at high risk for gang membership and their families engaged with and successfully completed the program at the same level as low‐gang‐risk youth. Second, the effectiveness results varied by gang‐risk status. For youth at high risk for gang membership, the treatment group had significantly lower recidivism rates at the 18‐month follow‐up as compared with a “treatment as usual” control group. For youth at low risk for gang membership, however, no consistent differences were found between the treated and control groups.Policy ImplicationsModifying and extending evidence‐based delinquency programs to gang‐involved youth seems to be a reasonable strategy for developing a wider array of effective programs to respond to the challenge of street gangs. The differential findings by gang‐risk status suggests that the juvenile justice system should expand the use of evidence‐based community programs to higher risk youth, including those identified as being “at risk” because of their gang involvement.
Restitution Payment and Recidivism
Authors: Ruback R. Barry , Knoth Lauren K. , Gladfelter Andrew S. , Lantz Brendan 
Published: December 2018

Research SummaryRestitution is court‐ordered payment by an offender to compensate a crime victim for direct tangible losses resulting from the crime. Making regular restitution payments, it has been argued, may serve as a continual reminder to offenders of the harm they caused and their need to restore justice. In this study, we examined the recidivism of offenders who were delinquent in paying restitution and who had participated in a prior experiment aimed at testing whether receiving monthly letters would increase their payment of restitution. Findings from that experiment revealed that offenders who had received letters containing information about the economic sanctions they had paid and what they still owed paid a significantly larger proportion of the restitution owed and made significantly more monthly payments than did offenders in the other three experimental conditions. Results of the present follow‐up study revealed that even though recidivists (as measured by a new arrest) and nonrecidivists did not differ significantly in the amount of restitution they owed, nonrecidivists were more likely to have paid something toward the restitution they owed and more likely to have made more monthly payments. Statistical tests indicated that payment mediated the relationship between the experimental manipulation of information and observed recidivism, suggesting that the experimental manipulation of information led to more payments that, in turn, led to less recidivism.Policy ImplicationsThe findings from the prior experiment indicated that offenders who had received information about the economic sanctions they had paid and what they still owed were more likely to make payments. In that study, scholars concluded that giving offenders this information was cost‐effective, in that for every dollar spent, more than $6 in restitution was received. The results of this follow‐up analysis of recidivism demonstrate that the cost‐effectiveness of providing information is greater than previously indicated. At a cost of $64.19 per day for jail in Pennsylvania, the difference of 46.4 days between offenders who received information and those in the other experimental conditions could be as much as $2,978.42 per offender, less the costs of monitoring payments.
Explaining Recent Firm Growth in Dutch Horticulture
Authors: Los Evert , Gardebroek Cornelis , Huirne Ruud 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDutch horticultural firms have expanded rapidly in recent decades, both in terms of their production area as well as in number of employees. In particular in the production of fresh fruits and vegetables, a number of very large horticultural firms emerged with often more than 100 employees, operating on tens of hectares of greenhouses. A standard explanation for firm growth is that firms want to benefit from economies of scale, where the increased scale of production would ensure lower average (fixed) production costs. This article however shows that cost reduction due to economies of scale is not the main driver behind the growth in horticultural firm size. In fact, our empirical evaluation shows that larger horticultural firms face higher average production costs compared to smaller firms. However, these higher production costs are compensated by the on average higher and more stable output prices obtained by larger firms. This positive effect of firm size on firm revenues therefore provides a different rationale for the recent growth in average size of Dutch horticultural firms. As a result, our findings demonstrate that revenue‐related aspects are becoming more important in understanding firm growth of primary producers in the horticultural sector.
Impact of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and lymphoid follicle formation on patient survival following surgery for lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nishihira Morimichi , Nakazato Yoshimasa , Maeda Sumiko , Inoue Takashi , Araki Osamu , Karube Yoko , Chida Masayuki 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundTumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are known to correlate with the prognosis of patients affected by a variety of cancer types. We evaluated TILs in patients who underwent surgery for lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsSpecimens obtained from patients during resection of lung SCC were examined for TIL density, lymphoid follicle formation, PD‐L1 expression, and the appearance of regulatory T cells (Tregs).ResultsWe enrolled 72 patients who underwent surgery for SCC (TIL grades 0, 1, and 2: 29, 18, and 25, respectively). Lymphoid follicles were observed in 13 (18.1%) patients and 8 were positive for Tregs, which were always observed in association with lymphoid follicles (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that lymphoid follicle formation, the appearance of Tregs, pathological stage, and pleural invasion were independent prognostic factors related to overall survival, whereas TIL density and PD‐L1 expression were not.ConclusionSCC patients with lymphoid follicle formation accompanied by Tregs show poor survival following lung resection surgery.
Female XX sex chromosomes increase survival and extend lifespan in aging mice
Authors: Davis Emily J. , Lobach Iryna , Dubal Dena B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFemale longevity is observed in humans and much of the animal kingdom, but its causes remain elusive. Using a genetic manipulation that generates XX and XY mice, each with either ovaries or testes, we show that the female XX sex chromosome complement increases survival during aging in male and female mice. In combination with ovaries, it also extends lifespan. Understanding causes of sex‐based differences in aging could lead to new pathways to counter age‐induced decline in both sexes.
Mitigating bycatch of threatened seabirds: the effectiveness of branch line weighting in pelagic longline fisheries
Authors: Jiménez S. , Domingo A. , Forselledo R. , Sullivan B. J. , Yates O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSubstantial numbers of seabirds are bycaught each year in pelagic longline fisheries. Increasing the sink rate of baited hooks by reducing the distance between the hook and the weight of the branch lines (leader length) has enormous potential to mitigate this bycatch. Here, we test the effect of reducing the leader length on seabird attacks on baited hooks and bycatch rates plus the effect on fish catch rates on the Uruguayan slope. Two branch line configurations were tested: a control treatment (CT) of the standard branch lines used in the Uruguayan fishery, with 75 g swivels on 4.5 m leaders; and two experimental treatments (ET) consisting of branch lines with either a 60 g or 65 g weight on 1 m leaders. Seabird attacks were assessed during 34 daylight longline sets (100–150 hooks each) without a bird scaring line (BSL) comparing two treatments: CT versus 65 g ET. The fish catch was assessed during 224 paired sections (75 vs. 75 hooks) from 109 fishing sets deployed mostly during the night and with a BSL, comprising 77 pairs of CT versus 60 g ET and 147 pairs of CT versus 65 g ET. The number of primary (231 vs. 91) and multiple (50 vs. 14) attacks were significantly higher in the CT compared with the 65 g ET respectively. The seabird bycatch rate was 42.5% lower in the 65 g ET than in the CT. The use of branch lines with short leaders did not affect the catch of target species. This study conducted in an area of high bycatch risk provides strong experimental support for the use of branch line weighting to reduce seabird bycatch. Based on the observed bycatch rates, this measure should be implemented in combination with other mitigation measures. The simultaneous use of branch line weighting, a BSL and night setting resulted in zero seabird bycatch.