bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infectious Complications of Expanded Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of 100 Cases
Authors: Lee Seung J. , Cohen Justin , Chan Julie , Walgama Evan , Wu Arthur , Mamelak Adam N. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective To identify perioperative factors that may predict postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and meningitis following expanded endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (EETS).
Study Design This is a retrospective study. This study was set at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles. A total of 78 patients who underwent EETS between January 2007 and November 2018 were participated. The main outcome measures were CSF leak and meningitis.
Results A total of 78 patients underwent a total of 100 EETS procedures; 17.9 and 10.3% of patients developed postoperative CSF leaks and meningitis, respectively. Out of eight, three patients with meningitis did not develop an observable CSF leak. The risk of developing meningitis in patients with a CSF leak was significantly higher than those without a leak, with an odds ratio (OR) of 11.48 (95% confidence interval, 2.33–56.47; p = 0.004). Pituicytomas were significantly associated with meningitis compared with other pathologies. No other patient-specific factors were identified as risks for leak or meningitis, including method of skull base repair, sex, tumor volume, or body mass index, although there was a strong trend toward reduced CSF leak rates in patient with nasoseptal flaps used for skull base repair, compared with those without (9.5 vs. 25%). CSF protein was consistently elevated on the first CSF values obtained when meningitis was suspected.
Conclusion CSF leak and meningitis are common complications of expanded endonasal surgery No statistically significant risk factors for developing a postoperative leak other than the pathology of pituicytoma were identified, including method of skull base repair, although the use of a vascularized nasoseptal flap did trend toward a reduced CSF leak rate. CSF protein is the most sensitive marker for the presumptive diagnosis and timely treatment of meningitis.
Differentiating and teaching the Chinese near-synonyms kongpa and pa
Authors: Huang Shu-Yu , Liou Yu-Chen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Previous research and data from learner corpora show that Chinese language learners have a hard time
differentiating kǒngpà (恐怕) and pà (怕). However, there has been little research analyzing the
differences between the two words. Therefore, this study aims to distinguish kǒngpà and pà when
both words denote worry toward a probable event. Adopting the corpus-based analysis approach, the researchers explain the semantic
and pragmatic differences between kǒngpà and pà. Based on the research findings, the researchers
propose discovery-oriented activities and drill practice to guide students to use the two words correctly. The researchers further
argue that research findings from corpora data should be included in textbooks and integrated into Chinese language
instruction.
Metacognitive self-perception in interpreting
Authors: Fernández Bravo Elena Aguirre 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ability of interpreters to engage in metacognitive activity enabling them to self-assess the changing purpose of their task and subsequent strategies can play a pivotal role in their global attainment levels. This paper argues that developing a high degree of metacognition can be key, not only for the expert’s interpreting performance, but also for trainees’ learning processes, helping them develop a more accurate professional self-concept and better self-regulation techniques. The study, carried out with 199 interpreting trainees, tested a tool to assess self-perceived metacognition levels. The measurement tool was developed on the basis of previous relevant academic contributions to the overlapping fields of Education, Interpreting and Psychology. According to the results of a factor analysis, self-perceived metacognition in interpreting trainees can be defined as a construct made up of four dimensions: self-knowledge perception, consolidation of one’s own set of criteria, development of a macro-strategy, and task-focused flow.
A systems theory perspective on the translation
process
Authors: Carl Michael , Tonge Andrew , Lacruz Isabel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The translation process has often been described as a sequence
of three steps, source text (ST) analysis, source-target transfer, and target
text (TT) generation. We propose a radically different view, in which the human
translation process consists of a hierarchy of interacting word and phrase
translations systems which organize and integrate as dissipative structures.
Activation of word (or phrase) translation systems is a non-selective subliminal
process in the translator’s mind not restricted to one language. Depending on
the entropy (i.e., the internal order) of the word translation systems, a human
translator spends more or less time and energy during the translation process,
which can be measured in the form of gaze patterns and production duration.
Taxonomy, cultivars and breeding.
Authors: Albrigo L. G. , Stelinski L. L. , Timmer L. W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the confusing and controversial taxonomic situation for Citrus and related genera and the role of molecular biology (biotechnological) advances in clarifying the genetic relationships between various Citrus species. A discussion of the major commercially important Citrus species and cultivars and traditional and current techniques in citrus breeding are also presented.
Plant husbandry.
Authors: Albrigo L. G. , Stelinski L. L. , Timmer L. W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

This chapter deals with citrus plant husbandry, including field and nursery practices, starting from site and seed selection, planting and seedling preparation, and propagation, to irrigation, fertilizer application, freeze protection, pruning, growth regulator use and weed control. Citrus nursery practices are almost all in protected cover, providing disease-free trees that are much more costly. Almost all plantings are high density to more quickly recover costs and provide economic returns before pests and diseases reduce productivity of the plantings. Due to serious diseases, especially HLB, costs of production are much higher than in the past. Pest and nutritional sprays plus ground fertilizers are now the major costs of production, with weed control usually the third most costly practice.
Fruit quality, harvesting and postharvest technology.
Authors: Albrigo L. G. , Stelinski L. L. , Timmer L. W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Postharvest handling and processing of citrus fruits are economically important final steps in transferring fruit from the orchard to the consumer. Unlike most other fruit crops, a high percentage of the worldwide citrus crop is processed into frozen concentrated or single-strength juice products. This chapter deals with postharvest quality, harvesting and handling of citrus fruits, including the importance of biotic and abiotic problems, as well as packinghouse and processing techniques. Issues on food safety for both fresh and processed citrus are also mentioned.
Step length and grade effects on energy absorption and impact attenuation in running
Authors: Baggaley Michael , Vernillo Gianluca , Martinez Aaron , Horvais Nicolas , Giandolini Marlene , Millet Guillaume Y. , Edwards W. Brent 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe sought to examine the effect of step length manipulation on energy absorption and impact attenuation during graded running. Nineteen runners (10F, 9M) ran on an instrumented treadmill at three step lengths (preferred and ±10% preferred) at each of five grades (0°, ±5°, and ±10°) while 3D motion data were captured. Speed was held constant at 3.33 m/s and step length was manipulated by syncing cadence to a metronome. Manipulating step length altered energy absorption (p ≤ 0.002) and impact attenuation (p < 0.0001) across all grades. Energy absorption at the knee joint was most responsive to step length manipulations [Δ range (±10%SL‐PrefSL) = 0.076–0.126 J/kg, p < 0.0001], followed by the ankle (Δ range = 0.026–0.100 J/kg, p = 0.001) and hip (Δ range = 0.008–0.018 J/kg, p < 0.006). Shortening step length reduced knee joint energy absorption at all grades with the smallest effect observed during uphill running (Δ ≥ −0.053 J/kg), while large reductions occurred during level (Δ = −0.096 J/kg) and downhill running (Δ ≥ −0.108 J/kg). Increasing step length resulted in greater knee joint energy absorption (p ≤ 0.037) across all grades of running. Impact attenuation was greatest at long step lengths (Δ = 2.708) and lowest at short step lengths (Δ = −2.061), compared to preferred. Overall, Step length influenced the energy absorption and impact attenuation characteristics of the lower extremity during level and graded running. Adopting a shorter step length may be a useful intervention to reduce knee joint loading, particularly during downhill or level running. Elongating step length placed a greater demand on the lower extremity joints, which may expedite the development of neuromuscular fatigue.
Blood flow restriction does not augment low force contractions taken to or near task failure
Authors: Buckner Samuel L. , Jessee Matthew B. , Dankel Scott J. , Mattocks Kevin T. , Mouser J. Grant , Bell Zachary W. , Abe Takashi , Bentley John P. , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLow‐load exercise performed to or near task failure appears to result in similar skeletal muscle adaptations as low‐load exercise with the addition of blood flow restriction (BFR). However, there may be a point where the training load becomes too low to stimulate an anabolic response without BFR. This study examined skeletal muscle adaptions to very low‐load resistance exercise with and without BFR. Changes in muscle thickness (MTH), strength, and endurance were examined following 8‐weeks of training with a traditional high‐load [70% 1RM,(7000)], low‐load [15% 1RM,(1500)], low‐load with moderate BFR [15%1RM + 40%BFR(1540)], or low‐load with greater BFR [15% 1RM + 80%BFR(1580)]. 1RM strength changes were greater in the 7000 condition [2.09 (95% CI = 1.35–2.83) kg] compared to all low‐load conditions. For isometric and isokinetic strength, there were no changes. For endurance, there was a main effect for time [mean pre to post change = 7.9 (4.3–11.6) repetitions]. At the 50% site, the mean change in MTH in the 7000 condition [0.16 (0.10–0.22) cm] was greater than all low‐load conditions. For the 60% site, the mean change in MTH [0.15 (0.08–0.22)] was greater than all low‐load conditions. For the 70% site there was a main effect for time [mean pre to post change = 0.09 (0.05–0.14 cm]. All groups increased muscle size; however, this response was less in all very low training conditions compared to high‐load training. 1RM strength increased in the 7000 condition only, with no other changes in strength observed.
Interpretation of paleodepositional environment using biomarkers and carbon isotope (δ13C) in Talang Akar Formation, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Jamaluddin  , Fuqi Cheng , Maria  , Syamsuddin Erfan , Umar Emi Prasetyawati 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Talang Akar Formation is a proven hydrocarbon source rock in South Sumatra basin. The formation contains dominant shale at the top, with some sandstone interbeds. This study uses 3 crude oil sample and 10 well-cutting obtained from two well (SMT-1 & SMT-2) in Prabumulih oil field. We used biomarkers and carbon isotopes (δ13C) data to determine the paleodepositional environment of Talang Akar Formation. The biomarkers data were obtained from gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of normal alkanes, isoprenoids, triterpene, and steranes. Carbon isotopes (δ13C) include saturated and aromatic fractions. The pristine (Pr) to phytane (Ph) ratio is a good indicator of the depositional environment. Higher values of Pr/Ph ratio i.e. ≥3.0 indicate oxidizing conditions i.e. terrestrial while lower values in the range of 1.0-3.0 suggests siliciclastic-dominated marine conditions. However, very low values i.e. ≤ 1.0 indicate reducing conditions or fresh and brackish water conditions. The results in this research show that Pr/Ph ratios range from 7.90-16.66, characteristic of high wax crude oils, primarily originated in fluviatile and deltaic environment containing a significant amount of terrestrial organic matter. Similarly, the resultant ratios of Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 in SMT-1 and SMT-2 wells range from 0.91-10.72 and 0.11-1.29 respectively, which reflect that most of kerogen was derived from humic source and tend towards an oxidative environment of deposition. Cross-plot of carbon-13 isotopes (δ13C) shows saturated versus aromatic fraction. The resultant plot indicate a deltaic to marginal marine environment for SMT-2 well and a more marine environment for SMT-1 well. The oil/source rock correlation analysis using biomarker data shows that the oils in Prabumulih field is correlated with the oils in source rock of Talang Akar Formation. This study concludes that the source rock contains abundant humic organic matter that was deposited in a transitional (Fluvio-deltaic) to marginal marine environment under oxic conditions.
Poisson’s Ratio Distribution in A Geothermal Field
Authors: Ismullah Massinai Muhammad Fawzy , Basdar Purwansah BS , Kamah Muhammad Yustin , Massinai Muhammad Altin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nowadays microearthquake or microseismic monitoring is powerful tool to investigate and evaluate the geothermal field. Each event of microseismic can be associated with permeable zone. One parameter can be used as a fracture indicator is Poisson’s Ratio. The simple method to get information about Poisson’s Ratio is Wadati Diagram. We applied this method in “A” Geothermal Field with 2 month recording microseismic data. The range of Poisson’s Ratio distribution is 0.11197 – 0.468463. The lower Poisson’s Ratio associated with un-fractured rocks and the higher indicate fractured rocks.
Geology and Genesis of the Tanco Isolated Hill on the Kerinci Lake, Jambi
Authors: Nabella F , Utama H W , Said Y M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Kerinci area is a small part of the Barisan Range where the Magmatic Arc Zones and a valley extending from the northwest to the southeast flanked by hills with steep slopes on both of sides that flank it. Isolated hill which is on the Kerinci Lake is the main focus to be studied because its existence is located in the middle of a part of the depression Kerinci Lake. In additions, in the vacinity of the research site there has never been research conducted both of in general and specifically. The research was conducted by interpreting the geological controlled by mechanism on isolated hill morphology forming based on geomorphoogical approach and petrographic analysis. Kerinci Lake on the south side of the research site is indicated as volcano - tectonic lake. The isolated hill is thought to be related to the formation of Kerinci Lake. In saveral location along the path of the Sumatran fault saveral lakes were found which were controlled by this fault. Sumatran fault formation is influenced by strike slip, while the formation of the lake is influenced by extensional stress. Based on it is existence, understanding the location of the research could be done analyzedg of volcanism and structural geology.
Application of water-sensitivity assessment procedure for outlining the urbanized Ciliwung watershed restoration plan
Authors: Sutjiningsih Dwita , Soeryantono Herr , Saleh Toha , Anggraheni Evi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Various studies show a close relationship between imperviousness and various biotic/abiotic elements of aquatic ecosystem. This phenomenon has been adapted to assess the water-sensitivity of a regional spatial plan at regency/city level. A generic assessment procedure based on the experience in Upper Ciliwung watershed is ready for application in other regions. The objective of this study is to apply the assessment procedure in set of subwatersheds, which covers all stream classifications, as specified in the reformulated impervious cover model. Using family biotic index as indicator of aquatic ecosystem quality, water quality index and habitat score as dependent variables, and impervious cover as independent variable, the regression equations are derived based on the data of 17 subwatersheds of Ciliwung watershed with imperviousness ranges of 5.23-91.10%. Based on the assessment result an outline of restoration plan can then be developed.
Development of Sesbania Slicing Machine for the Production of Artificial Flowers
Authors: Booddachan K , Bhuwakietkumjohn N , Paramethanuwat T , Sriwongras P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The objective of this research was to develop sesbania slicing machine. There were 3 machinery parts that have been developed; guide rail unit, sesbania feeding lever unit, and pick-up hook set lever unit. The guide rail was shaped into a rectangular unit with 15.4 cm width, 25 cm length, 10 cm height, and 0.5 cm thickness. The sesbania feeding lever unit was a rectangular shape of 50.5 mm width, 240 mm length. The machine was controlled by a 9 mm diameter lever, 330 mm length, and pulled by a guide rail with 24 mm width, 425 mm length. The pick-up hook lever unit set is a stainless steel U-shaped bar with 130 mm width, and 159 mm length which was controlled by a 9 mm diameter lever with 319 mm length. The results showed that the suitable revolution was 60 rpm which can slide sesbania wood at 10 seconds/part. The efficiency of the sesbaina slicing machine was 89 percent at 60 rpm. After the experiment of slicing sesbania parts, the obtained thickness of sesbania sheets were 0.6, 0.8, and 1 mm respectively. The results complied with the required criteria.
The Amount of Cassava Tuber Remained on Underground Stem after Chopped with Various Cross-Section and Diameter of Cylinder Blades
Authors: Suvanapa K , Wongpichet S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study aims to test and compare the amount of cassava tubers which remained with underground stem after chopped with cylinder blades which had different cross-section and sizes (3x3 Treatments) by using “Kasetsart 50 cassava variety” with the age of 8 months old that planted in sandy loam in Kalasin Province. There are 30 cassava stalks per treatment were used as the sample. The implement of the test was Factorial in Completely Randomized Design. The results found that increasing of diameter of the cylinder blade from 6 – 8 cm caused the increasing amount of cassava tuber remained with underground stem, however, average tuber loss was just in range of 2.56-3.36% wt. (p-value = 0.003), but the increasing did not affect the amount of force used in cassava chopper. As for changing the cross section of cylinder blade (Square, Round and Hexagon), it caused changes in the amount of cassava tuber remained with underground stem after chopping, but there was no exact direction (p-value = 0.036). However, changing of cross section would cause changes of cassava chopper force (p-value = 0.001) that its directions were related to the length of perimeter of each cross-section.
Effect of temperature by infrared thermal treatment on the rice bran qualities
Authors: Jaianong N , Choomjaihan P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The objective of this research was to study the effect of the infrared heat treatment on the qualities of the rice bran. The rice bran with the initial moisture content of 12.9 %gwater·g−1
dry matter was heated under the high temperature generated from infrared radiation at 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140°C respectively and the target moisture content of rice bran after being heated was 5 % gwater·g−1
dry matter. The optimum condition of thermal treatment of rice bran respect to the quality of extracted oil and the energy consumption was determined. The results showed that the rice bran oil was extracted more at 140°C heat treatment than other temperature; additionally, the free fatty acid in extracted rice bran oil was smallest in amount. Nevertheless, the concentration of gamma oryzanol was not difference throughout the experiment. The mathematical model of drying kinetics was examined, and the appropriate model was the Logarithmic model which the R2 of 0.9955 – 0.9994 and the RMSE of 1.5×10−5-6.3×10−5
Drying in a desiccant wheel dehumidification system-assisted hot air dryer: desiccant wheel effectiveness and carrot drying
Authors: Cheevitsopon E , Jongyingcharoen J S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A desiccant wheel dehumidification system was used in this study to reduce humidity of the air supplied to a hot air dryer. Desiccant wheel effectiveness was determined based on the ideal adiabatic dehumidification process. Best results of adiabatic dehumidification effectiveness and adiabatic enthalpy effectiveness in the range of 0.89 to 0.99 were achieved. Specific adsorption of silica gel in the desiccant wheel was rotational speed dependent. The desiccant wheel system could reduce the relative humidity from 70 to 44%. Drying of cylindrical carrot in the desiccant wheel dehumidification system-assisted hot air dryer was also conducted in this study. The drying temperatures were varied from 80 to 120˚C. The desiccant material regeneration process reused exhaust drying air for heat exchanging with the regenerating air, higher drying temperature caused higher moisture evaporated from the desiccant material. Comparing between dehumidified hot air drying and conventional hot air drying, greater drying rates of dehumidified hot air drying were achieved at the drying temperatures of 100 and 120˚C.
Simulation and Application of Reuleaux Triangle In Geometric Measurement
Authors: Hu Xiao , Li Na , Liu BaiYu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The reuleaux triangle is studied and calculated by a large number of scholars because of its special properties of equal width, which has many applications in engineering, computer, biological science, etc. Geometry geodesy is a science that establishes mathematical models of geometric parameters for the earth. There are many designs and constructions using the shape of the reuleaux triangle in modern architecture. However, there are still few references in this part of the application modeling and research analysis. Therefore, based on the basic theory and special properties of the reuleaux triangle, the trajectory of the vertices and the center point are researched in the scene of rotate and scroll. Then, the geometric measurement algorithm based on the reuleaux triangle is proposed, which is applied to the measurement and calculation of the design of the earth building design. The algorithm solves the problem effectively that the building cannot be stabilized due to the height. Finally, the geometric position of the building at the ground point is determined. At the end of the paper, the geometry of Shanghai Central Building is simulated by MATLAB, and the effectiveness of the simulation algorithm is proved.
Research of green architecture—take Chinese traditional cave dwellings as an example
Authors: Li Wenting , Li Hongbao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Most of people on the Loess Plateau live in cave dwellings. Cave dwelling, as a traditional residential building in China, demonstrates the wisdom of traditional Chinese residents. Cave dwelling, which is mainly made of earth, is gradually built by the people of the Loess Plateau by integrating natural environment and their unique natural resources. To a certain extent, cave dwelling also embodies the philosophy of sustainable development, coexisting harmoniously with nature, conforming to nature and cultivating nature. The research on the design of traditional Chinese cave dwellings has played a certain role in the exploration of green architecture in the future. In this paper studies the traditional Chinese dwellings - cave dwellings comprehensively, describes from many perspectives like the historical background, practical role and long-term impact, which is of great practical significance.