bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between antimicrobial resistance mutations and treatment outcomes for Mycoplasma genitalium infections from 2018 to 2022: a cross-sectional study from Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Fox-Lewis Shivani , Forster Rose , Basu Indira , Blakiston Matthew , McAuliffe Gary 
Published: December 2024

Background New Zealand has among the highest rates of antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium in the world. The aim of this study was to correlate treatment outcomes with 23S rRNA and parC mutations associated with macrolide and fluroquinolone resistance, respectively, in a cohort of sexual health clinic patients. Methods Laboratory and clinical data were collected for patients with M. genitalium infections attending Auckland Sexual Health Service between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022, who had a test-of-cure performed within 21–90 days of a treatment episode. Treatment outcomes were correlated with the presence or absence of resistance mutations and treatment regimen utilised. Results A total of 95 infections from 93 patients met the study inclusion criteria. Eighty of 93 (86%) infections with available data were macrolide resistant, with 20 of 74 (27%) having both macrolide resistance and parC mutations. Sixteen of 20 (80%) of parC mutations were G248T (S83I), three of 20 (15%) G259T (D87Y) and one of 20 (5%) A247C (S83R). All macrolide-susceptible infections treated with doxycycline and azithromycin were cured (12/12), as were all macrolide-resistant infections without parC mutations treated with doxycycline and moxifloxacin (37/37). Cure rates for macrolide-resistant infections with parC mutations were lower, with variable and often multiple treatment courses; eight of 16 (50%) were cured using one course of sequential doxycycline and moxifloxacin, seven of nine (78%) with one course of minocycline, zero of two (0%) with pristinamycin and one of one (100%) with doxycycline and sitafloxacin. Conclusions Our findings highlight the differing treatment outcomes for infections with and without parC mutations, offering opportunities to refine management of M. genitalium infections.
An efficient design methodology for a tri-state multiplier circuit in carbon nanotube technology
Authors: Haq Shams Ul , Orouji Maedeh , Khurshid Tabassum , Abbasian Erfan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study delves into the computational aspects of ternary logic and the use of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) to develop an energy-efficient and robust ternary multiplier (TMUL). Leveraging the exceptional qualities of CNTFETs, such as balanced electron and hole mobility and easy modulation of threshold voltage, the research aims to achieve the desired designs. An innovative design method is employed, recommending a reduced count of logic gates for achieving necessary logic levels. These gates are then utilized to manage the activation and deactivation of the primary transistors within the TMUL cell to convey the intended logics to the outputs. Moreover, the suggested design is focused on a single-V

DD
, enhancing compatibility with the goals of a multi-valued logic platform. The proposed circuit is validated using Synopsis HSPICE simulator and Stanford’s standard 32-nm CNTFET model file. Comparative analysis with existing TMUL designs demonstrates a 25.43% decrease in average power consumption, a 42.24% reduction in power-delay product (PDP), and a 24.69% decrease in energy-delay product (EDP). The design undergoes thorough simulations under various conditions including load variations and process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) fluctuations to confirm its reliability and robustness.
Design, DFT, experimental, and NLO studies of a new hybrid containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole and indole moieties
Authors: Hassan Sabreen Mahdi , Jassem Ahmed Majeed , Hassan Qusay M A , Sultan H A , Muala Dhumad Adil , Emshary C A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, design and nonlinear optical (NLO) response studies of a new synthesized hybrid molecule (HM 6) containing 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole and indole moieties are introduced. The spatial structure of the target hybrid is analytically determined using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, FT-IR, UV–vis., and Mass spectra. Efficiency of the fully optimized geometry of the synthesized HM (6) is elucidated via energy gap (EHOMO-ELUMO), potential ionization, and electron affinity. The small energy gap leads to efficient NLO response. The cooperation of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazol moiety as a good acceptor and indole as a good donor in the HM (6) enhances long π-conjugation system, led to large hyperpolarizability (β = 2.79 × 10−28 esu). Density functional theory and TD-DFT-assisted calculations proved high potential intramolecular charge transfer and effective β value verify NLO activities. The NLO activities of the HM (6) are examined under the excitation with 473 nm, single transverse, low power laser beam via diffraction patterns (DPs), and Z-scan techniques. As high as 5.49 × 10−11 m2/W of nonlinear refractive index due to the DPs technique has been obtained. Both the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient are estimated via the standard Z-scan methods. The all-optical switching, both static and dynamic, prove to occur in the HM (6) using two visible laser beams.
Biomass combined heat and power for renewable power provision in mountain environments: techno-economic assessment of cost factors and competitiveness under current and projected energy market conditions
Authors: Menin Lorenzo , Paolillo Aldo , Piazzi Stefano , Antolini Daniele , Rossi Diego , Ravazzolo Francesco , Baratieri Marco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bioenergy is seen as a renewable energy source expected to deliver a major contribution to decarbonization of power and heat by major institutions, although its affordability in specific contexts has not been assessed in detail by the available literature. In this study, we develop a techno-economic model of a small-scale decentralized biomass gasification-combined heat and power plant based on real operating data and costs. The results obtained indicate that in the Italian mountain context, the proposed solution would deliver very limited competitiveness compared to natural gas fired generation or grid electricity in Europe, with a levelized cost of energy of 359 €/MWh for a 225-kW plant. Sensitivity analyses show that the average yearly operating hours is by far the greatest cost factor affecting plant economics, while a forecast of natural gas prices allowed estimating the subsidization requirements of the system over its full project life, indicating total subsidy of €149.4M even under a 120 €/t carbon emission allowance cost placed on natural gas. The methodology and results proposed represent an important further step in the direction of sound regional bioenergy planning and support policy development.
Development of a Power Conversion System for a Wave Energy Converter connected to the Electrical Network
Authors: Barone Piofrancesco , Vizza Pasquale , Petrocca Antonio , Pinnarelli Anna , Castiglione Teresa , Bova Sergio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Global efforts are focused on promoting a sustainable energy supply by increasing the use of renewable energies and decreasing reliance on conventional sources. Among renewable sources, Wave energy is a promising one, but it is still widely untapped worldwide. In the current energy context, it is crucial to synchronize the characteristics of renewable sources with the needs of the existing electrical network which is undergoing a deep change towards the smart grid paradigm. Power electronic converters, as interface devices, play a fundamental role in facilitating the transfer of renewable energy to the electrical network. For this reason, this study focuses on the design and optimization of an electrical power conversion system for a wave energy converter (WEC) coupled with a hydraulic power take-off. This electrical power conversion system allows the WEC to connect to the electrical network and deliver a smooth output electrical power. Indeed, thanks to a particular control system, the conversion from mechanical power to electrical power is achieved with losses of less than 5% in regular sea state conditions
Detailed modelling of a double fluidised bed steam gasifier processing woody biomass and solid recovered fuel mixtures
Authors: Palone Orlando , Palacios Aparicio Juan Diego , Vespasiano Domiziana , Nicolucci Edoardo , Colozzi Michele , Venturini Paolo , Rispoli Franco , Borello Domenico 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Double fluidized bed gasification is based on the circulation of an inert bed between two reaction sections: the gasification reactor, where a solid feedstock, generally biomass. is converted into a syngas by steam or air oxidation; the combustor or riser, where residual char from the thermal decomposition of the feedstock is oxidized by air (in some cases with additional fuel) to provide the energy contribution for the gasification reactions and ensure autothermal operation of the system. In this work, detailed modelling of a dual fluidized bed steam gasification reactor is performed in Aspen Plus by incorporating: (1) gas, char and tar production during thermal decomposition of the feedstock according to experimental correlations developed and taken from the literature, (2) heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction kinetics in the gasifier bed and in the freeboard. The model has been validated by comparison with experimental results on different mixtures containing solid recovered fuels and woody biomass. The model is quite accurate in predicting the gas products composition for different feedstocks mixtures (root mean square error of 12% for CO, CO2, H2 and CH4) and enables coupling with different downstream liquid fuels synthesis processes (synthetic natural gas, methanol, dimethyl-ether, Fischer-Tropsch products etc.).
Energy transition pathways towards carbon neutrality: the 2035 Apulia case
Authors: Zagaria Lazzaro , Caramia Giovanni , Foglia Mario Massimo , Amirante Riccardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Changing how society perceives and uses energy is essential, and a change in the way energy is produced is also needed. Europe is striving to become the first climate neutral continent in 2050: therefore, it is crucial to draw a pathway to achieve this result. In this paper different energy scenarios for 2035 for a southern Italian region are analysed. As the major goal, carbon emissions reduction must be at least half of the current, considering 2035 as a halfway point between current situation and carbon neutrality goal set for 2050. The aim of this work is to analyse the role of a major increase in energy production from either photovoltaics or wind, to achieve which option is the best to be chosen. Photovoltaics and wind are green but also intermittent energy technologies. Therefore, it is beyond doubt that the uncontrollable nature of sun and wind sources requires to store energy. Doubling the total energy production from wind and photovoltaics, results show different conditions in terms of energy storage required and investment and operation costs. The methodology used is numerical simulation of the Apulia case through EnergyPLAN software. Best conditions are achieved for higher energy production rate from wind, compared to current values. 50% emissions reduction goal is achieved for all analysed scenarios.
Three-dimensional simulation of a floating wind turbine platform
Authors: Caramia Giovanni , Fiore Andrea , Genualdo Marco , Palma Pietro De , Amirante Riccardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As the need for renewable energy has grown in recent years, the possibility of creating and collecting deep-sea wind energy has become a research hotspot. Floating wind turbines need platforms to provide a stable working state and structural safety. This article focuses on the study of the dynamics of the deep-water semi-submersible floating platform OC4-DeepCwind. The open-source computational fluid dynamic toolbox OpenFOAM is used for comparative analysis of the floating structure motion response. In order to eliminate the influence of grid size and refinement level on the simulation results, a grid refinement study was conducted before detailed hydrodynamic discussions. In absence of wind, the dynamic response of the platform is studied under the influence of the impact with regular waves with different amplitudes. The effect of the presence of the tower supporting the wind turbine on the dynamics of the platform is investigated as well. Results show that the addition of the tower exerted a slight destabilising influence on the support’s dynamic behaviour, confirming its stability against different wave height. Finally, the model has demonstrated its efficacy as a highly valuable tool for the simulation of wind turbines on floating foundations.
On the design of a scaled rotor for a tethered tidal converter to deploy at sea
Authors: Gurnari L. , Filianoti P. , Coiro D. , Camporeale S. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Model scale testing is vital for developing technologies like tidal turbines. Reduced-scale tests follow numerical design and are cost-effective in controlled environments, allowing parameter adjustments. However, controlled tests face drawbacks, such as blockage effects and the inability to replicate real sea conditions. Sea trials, conducted in actual marine environments, offer realistic data and continuous collection, potentially being cost-effective despite environmental variability and complex data processing. This work aims to measure real sea effects, such as marine growth and stream turbulence, on fixed and moving parts, of a scaled model of GEMSTAR tidal stream energy converter, a twin rotors submerged tethered device, designed to tap tidal current energy. The planned model installation site is at the Renewable Marine Energy Laboratory, a natural facility located on the East coast of the Strait of Messina (southern Italy), characterized by tidal currents with a maximum speed of about 1.25 m/s. Due to the low stream speed, in order to get significant data, an up-scaling of the existing model rotor diameter has been necessary, and a specific new blade design has been performed, in order to lower the cut-in speed, increasing in this way the useful power production time of the model. The paper illustrates the different phases of model scale design.
Investigation on a thermal energy storage system to maximize the use of vessels’ waste heat in port and during hoteling operations
Authors: Brancato V. , Fotia A. , Palomba V. , La Rosa D. , Costa F. , Frazzica A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Looking at International Maritime Organization (IMO) 2050 targets for shipping sector, that consist of reduction reenhouse gas (H) emissions from international shipping by at least 50% and carbon intensity by 70% (compared to 2018), it is clear that different low carbon technological solutions must be tackled to reduce vessels emissions in harbour and coastal areas. The combination of Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) on board, duly managed also thanks Thermal Energy Storage (TES) support and the promotion of zero carbon fuels (hydrogen) could be a suitable integration strategy.
The present study is focused on the investigation of the best technological solution to implement a TES system on vessels to support both the operation of a hydrogen storage tank based on metal hydrides, to provide H2 to the fuel cells installed on board, and the heating and cooling systems.
Starting from the identified boundary conditions, the work investigates both a latent heat TES system, and a sorption thermochemical TES to increase the utilization of on board WH resource.
In particular, commercial phase change materials (PCM), namely Croda Therm 53 and Croda Therm 60, were studied to be implemented in the latent heat storage system. Up to forty heating/cooling cycles were performed on the materials to verify their stability. As thermochemical solution, a sorption-based TES system was investigated.
Experimental analyses on composite sorbent based on sodium iodide (30Nal-S) were performed to verify if the composite sorbents are more stable that the pristine salts.
Efficiency assessment of integrated Atmospheric Water Generators (AWGs) using the Global Evaluation Index (GEI): a case study
Authors: Cattani Lucia , Magrini Anna , Figoni Roberto 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Atmospheric water can represent a potential solution to address the global water scarcity issue affecting an increasing proportion of the population. Two of the main issues related to its production and use are represented by the energy consumption and the need of meaningful quantities of liquid extracted per day. They can be addressed through an integrated approach, which consists in employing a single process to achieve more than one useful effect, with the same energy consumption. In this perspective, in the last decade, advanced Atmospheric Water Generators (AWGs) have been developed. Such a kind of machines are based on a compression reverse cycle and, besides a considerable water production (up to thousands of litres per day) are capable to exploit all the useful effects of the said cycle, consuming about the same energy of the only water extraction. The global evaluation index (GEI) has been developed to provide a metric for the efficiency evaluation of integrated solutions. In the research literature there is a lack of examples of GEI application. The current paper aims to provide a first fulfilment of the research gap, providing a case study where the index is applied and discussed. In particular, the analysis concerns an integrated AWG connected to an electrolyser and a photovoltaic field for green hydrogen production. The GEI is employed to carry out a comparison between pre and post configuration of the plant. Results underline the index capability to provide an efficiency evaluation by means of a single number.
Numerical investigation of turbulent fuel jet diffusion and its influence on the auto-igniting diffusive flame development
Authors: Cravero Carlo , Lamberti Alessandro , Marsano Davide , Milanese Gabriele 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Turbulent auto-igniting diffusion flames are common in combustion systems, where the mixing of the fuel jet with the outer oxidant flow is the fundamental mechanism for the flame ignition and development. The paper presents a critical analysis on the Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation of a methane-air flame, done with a two equations turbulence model, in comparison with detailed experimental data. In the first part, the non-reactive jet is simulated with the standard k − ε model and a modified version, obtained with motivated changes of the Cμ
and σk
constants. In the second part the reactive jet is simulated, introducing a consistent modification of the Cγ
constant, in the eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model. The comparison with experimental data confirms the validity of the proposed model and highlights the effect of the proper turbulent jet development on the mechanisms of the diffusive flame ignition and propagation.
Enhanced energy efficiency technologies in healthcare buildings: a case study of waste heat recovery from an optimized battery-integrated cogeneration system
Authors: Alfredo Gimelli , Raffaele Iossa , Karimi Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Healthcare buildings face significant challenges in enhancing energy efficiency. Combined, heat and power (CHP) plants integrated with battery energy storage systems (BESS) offer a promising solution by meeting electric, thermal and cooling demands using a single fossil primary energy source. Starting from an optimized battery-integrated cogeneration plant, a comparative analysis of two waste heat recovery technologies in a hospital building context has been conducted in this study. Specifically, an ammonia-water absorption, power, and cooling (APC) system and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plant are examined, both powered by the waste heat recovered from exhaust gases of the natural gas internal combustion engine, operating in a cogenerative configuration. A control strategy is implemented to enhance the efficiency of the integrated systems, prioritizing either cooling or electric power production based on hourly demand within the hospital. The results highlight the integration of waste heat recovery technologies inside the optimized battery-integrated cogeneration is capable to reach a 20.1% and 18.82% in fossil primary energy saving (PES), respectively with the ORC and APC systems. However, the higher investment cost brings the simple payback (SPB) period of the configuration with the ORC plant to 3.5 years, compared to 3.3 years of the solution with the APC plant. The study shows the benefits of incorporating waste heat recovery technologies into cogeneration systems with energy storage system, providing valuable guidance for developing economically viable and eco-friendly solutions for managing energy in healthcare buildings.
Piecewise-linear MILP optimization for energy system design onboard hybrid ships
Authors: Vasylyev Andriy , Passalacqua Matteo , Mantelli Luca , Rivarolo Massimo , Sorce Alessandro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent decades the share of GHG (Green House Gases) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), and local pollutants as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulphur oxides (SOx) produced by shipping has significantly increased. In the case of CO2, the IMO (International Maritime Organization) has estimated that emissions will increase by a range of 90-130% in 2050 as compared to 2008. In this scope, penetration of new technologies such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BES) can reduce the share of emissions, giving more flexibility to the ship’s system. In this work, an optimization algorithm based on Mixed-Integer-Linear-Programming (MILP) approach has been developed to define the best environmentally sustainable technology mix to be installed on board. The model is based on Demand-Driven optimization, where the main goal is to satisfy electrical and thermal energy demand, which is achieved by using linear constraints. The objective function is defined to minimize on-board energy production costs considering the CAPEX and OPEX of each technology, choosing the best technology mix and giving the schedule of working conditions for each installed technology. The non linearity of the components’ characteristic curves is tackled through piecewise-linearization approach. In this way, the algorithm can optimize the real operating conditions for technologies with higher accuracy of partial load conditions. The case study is based on real energy demand profiles of a cruise ship sailing between Stockholm and the island of Åland, in the Baltic Sea.