bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of Dicoumarol-Induced Atypical Prothrombin
Authors: Malhotra O. P. 
Published: June 2019

One of the dicoumarol-induced atypical prothrombins isolated from bovine plasma did not bind Ca++ even when the Ca++ concentration in medium was 13.5 mM. The normal prothrombin under the same conditions bound 9 nmol/nmol protein. This atypical material, similar to other variants, activated slowly in the presence of thromboplastin, Ca++, factors V, VII and X. It contained 85% antigenic activity but only 16% bioactivity, lower than other variants which bind some Ca++. The bioactivities correlated with the Ca++ binding capacities, while the generation of thrombin by Echis carinatus venom etc. depended upon the immunological activities of the purified proteins. On the other hand, the semi-purified preparations of the atypical prothrombin showing two or more components by disc-gel electrophoresis, and containing 60% antigenic activity, did not activate by biological means. In the presence of thrombin, both the normal and the atypical variant yielded Intermediate I and Fragment I. When factor Xa was added, Intermediate I produced Fragment II and Intermediate II. The latter subsequently is transformed into thrombin. These and other studies show that the dicoumarol-induced prothrombins should have some biological activity, and this activity depends upon the extent of defect in their Ca++ binding abilities.(Supported by V. A. Project 5445-01.)
The Phlebo-Dynastat: A New and Effective Method of Prophylaxis for Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: McKenna R. , Bachmann F. , Kaushal S. P. , Galante J. 
Published: June 2019

Peripheral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a frequent complication of orthopedic surgery. Evaluation of new methods of prophylaxis is necessitated by the disadvantages of the popular low dose heparin method.In a previous study we found a 50% (20/40) incidence of DVT in patients undergoing total hip or knee replacements. In this high risk group, we undertook a prospective study of the prophylactic value of the Phlebo-Dynastat - a previously undescribed intermittent pneumatic compression device which alternately inflates thigh and calf cuffs to a maximum pressure of 30 mmHg. Seven patients had total knee replacements and 19 had total hip replacements. 125I-fibrinogen scanning was started pre-operatively in all patients. Venography was performed on 25 limbs in 19 patients. Patients were assigned to treated or untreated groups by random numbers. Seven of 12 untreated patients developed DVT complicated by pulmonary embolism in 3, but only 1/14 patients in the treated group developed DVT. This difference is significant at the 0.009 level (Fisher’s exact probability). DVT did not occur in 3 treated patients with shortened activated partial thromboplastin time but occurred in 2/3 untreated patients.We are reporting a new previously undescribed method for preventing DVT and have demonstrated its effectiveness.
Clinical Trial in a Patient with Reduced Osmotic Resistency of Platelets
Authors: Sutor A. H. , Altemeyer K. H. , Böttcher D. 
Published: June 2019

5 from 8 children of a family presented with severe bleeding symptoms, which repeatedly required blood transfusions. In all members of the family the following tests were normal: Plasmatic coagulation factors, several platelet function tests (spontaneous and ADP-aggregation, clotretraction, spreading) and capillary resistency. All children with bleeding tendency had a prolonged bleeding time (over 15 min) and a reduced osmotic resistency of platelets, in addition the hemorrhagometry (method of Sutor et al.) showed a prolonged bleeding time with increased bleeding intensity from a standardized small skin wound, which remained at the same high level until the test was interrupted after 60 minutes.In one child, who had bled profoundly from the nose for hours, we gave freshly prepared cryoprecipitate. Before administration of the cryoprecipitate, hemorrhagometry showed a constant high blood flow for 30 minutes. 8 minutes after cryoprecipitate had been given the bleeding intensity decreased, after 5½ more minutes hemostasis was complete. At the same time bleeding from the nose stopped. Bleeding time now was within normal limits (5 min). The corrective effect of cryoprecipitate could repeatedly be demonstrated, its duration, however, was rather short: 6 hours after the transfusion the bleeding time became abnormal again.
Limited Proteolysis of the Purified Aα Chain of Human Fibrinosen by Plasmin
Authors: Williams L. , Murano G. 
Published: June 2019

Based on evidence that a portion of circulating fibrinogen consists of a family of catabolic intermediates formed by proteolytic degradation of the COOH terminal region of Aα chains, we attempted to obtain early degradation products using the purified alkylated Aα chain derivative of human fibrinogen as the substrate and plasmin as the enzyme. Having established optimal conditions, a preparative quantity of material was digested in 0.1 M tris buffer pH = 9.5; time = 4 min; E/S ratio = 1/75 (mole/mole); temp = 37° C. Low molecular weight fragments were separated from the larger species, and further purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Selected early fragments were analyzed by polycrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid composition, peptide mapping and partial N-terminal amino acid sequence. Two of the earliest low molecular weight fragments released by plasmin were derived from the N-terminal region of the Aα chain. Their molecular size was estimated at about 10,000 daltons. One fragment contains fibrinopeptide A; both fragments extend beyond Met-51. Our data indicate that: a) the specificity of plasmin on the purified Aα chain differs from that on intact fibrinogen; or b) proteolytic enzymes other than or in addition to plasmin are responsible for the formation of early catabolic fibrinogen intermediates having a degraded Aα chain.(Supported by USPHS N. I. H. Grant HL 14142.)
In Vitro Formation of Fibrin-Monomer Complexes in the Presence of Isotope Labelled Fibrinogen-Fibrin Degradation Products. An Agarose Gel Filtration Study
Authors: Asbeck F. , Loo van de J. 
Published: June 2019

Human citrated plasmas were mixed with purified 131I-fibrinogen and 131I-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) or 125I-fibrin degradation products (fdp). After incubation with small amounts of thrombin (0.01–0.02 imits/ml Pl.), these mixtures were gel filtrated on Biogel A5m columns and the elution patterns of the 131I- and -labelled materials were determined.In control experiments without thrombin incubation, no complex formation between fibrinogen, FDP or fdp in citrated plasmas could be detected. This was even true for fdp with a higher molecular weight than fibrinogen.After thrombin incubation, up to 11% fibrin-monomer complexes were formed. Irrespective of their molecular weights, labelled fdp were not incorporated into these complexes.Only large FDP – presumably derivative X – did partially copolymerize with fibrin-monomer complexes in citrated plasmas.
The Role of Calcium on the Release of Tissue Factor (Thromboplastie) Activity from Leukocytes
Authors: Muhlfelder T. W. , Khan I. , Niemetz J. 
Published: June 2019

It is now well established that leukocytes may generate tissue factor (thromboplastic) activity (TFa), particularly after “stimulation” with endotoxin. As these leukocytes have also a thrombogenic effect, it appeared desirable to study the conditions in which the TFa was released. Leukocytes were obtained from the peritoneal cavity of rabbits after 2 doses of endotoxin and prepared as described previously (Nature New Biol. 232, 247, 1971). The leukocytes were incubated in siotonic buffered solutions, for up to 30 min then sedimented by centrifugation and the supemate removed for testing. The TFa was tested by the one stage test and the 2 stage assay. Significant release of procoagulant activity occured only when the leukocytes were suspended in solutions containing calcium. 2 mM of calcium caused maximum release of TFa while lower or higher concentrations were less effective. Other bivalent cations (Mg, Mn Zn) could not replace Ca ions and caused no release, while Co caused only very slight release of TFa. The release was time and temperature dependent: maximum activity being released at 37°C and almost no activity released at 4° C. When the effect of pH was studied, maximum release of TFa occurcd at pH 6.5–7.5. Substances which affect cell contractility such as vincristine, colchicine, cytochalasin B, as well as ouabain which affects some ATPase’s had no effect on release. These data show tlrat leukocyte tissue factor activity can be released from the cell in the presence of calcium. This release mechanism may play a role in some pathological conditions.(Supported in part by NIH Grant 13155 and VA 6060–01.)
Cold Promoted Activation of Factor VII and CĪ Esterase Inhibitor
Authors: Royen van E. A. , Leeuwen Kempes-van W. , Vos M. , Pondman K. W. 
Published: June 2019

The cold promoted activation (CPA) of factor VII involves the conversion of prekallikrein into kallikrein by factor XII (Gjønnaess et al.). Since CI esterase inhibitor (CĪINH) and macroglobulin block the prekallikrein activating activity of factor XII, the role of CĪ2INH in CPA was investigated especially because CĪINH deficient plasma was available. Purified CĪINH was an effective inhibitor of CPA in final concentrations of 10–100 U/ml, only if added before the incubation of CPA positive plasma at 0° C for 20 hours. Addition of CĪINH after CPA generation did not affect the shortened Thrombotest Time (TT). Synthetic amidino compounds (diOHstilbamidine, dibromopropamidine), which have been claimed as specific inhibitors of CĪ esterase, were also effective inhibitors of CPA in final concentrations of 10-410-5 M. Alike to CĪINH they had no effect on a TT shortened by previous generation of CPA.In 8 subjects with CĪINH deficiency the shortening of the TT of plasma incubated at 0°C for 20 hours exceeded that ina control group of 48 men and women not using oestrogen ic drugs (p 0.05). CĪINH activity proved to be consumed during CPA probably by binding of kallikrein, since purified CPA dial likrein blocked purified CĪINH activity. The antigen level of CĪINH was not affected by CPA.This finding has diagnostic importance since false low levels of CĪINH activity may be detected in serum samples exposed to CPA favouring conditions. In fact this proved to be the case in a large proportion of subjects thought to be suffering from so-called acquired angioneurotic oedema (Quincke’s oedema urticaria) on ground of low CĪINH activity determined in a frozen and thawed serum sample. CĪINH activity proved to be completely normal in fresh samples.
Altitude Influence on the Rare Occurence of Thrombosis on the Andes Plateaus
Authors: Drouet L. , Rodriguez A. Z. , Ergueta J. C. , Caen J. P. 
Published: June 2019

The very low frequency of arterial thrombosis and atherosclerosis in the subjects living at high altitude in Bolivia led us to study on 200 subjects: the diet, blood lipids, coagulation factors and platelet functions in their own plasma or after filtration on Sepharose 2B followed by resuspension in their own plasma or in human fibrinogen solution plus non purified γ globulins.Compared to European controls studied at sea level, Bolivian highlanders have – a normal calorie intake, but the fat ingested is essentially vegetal – a low cholesterol level (173 mg/100 ml±49) – a high triglyceride level (142 mg/100 ml±48) – clotting factors within the normal range – a poor fibrinolytic response to anoxia induced by venous stasis (152 mn/202 mn) — an increased platelet count (315,000/mm3±70) – a platelet liypo-aggregaljility witli ADP 0,8 μM (desaggregation occurs in more than 80 per cent of the subjects) with epinephrin (desaggregation occurs between 2,5 and 0,5 μM) but not with collagen. This hypoaggregability seems to be of plasma origin since gel filtered platelets aggregate better when resuspended in fibrinogen and γ globulins than in their own plasma.The same difference is found if native highlanders are compared to Indian lowlanders who migrated to high altitude, especially in the young people (15/25 years). This difference can be related to the time spent at high altitude.It is concluded that the particular behaviour of platelet and fibrinolysis of the native highlanders can be produced by a life-time adaptative process in the non native people.
Variation in language experience shapes the consequences of bilingualism
Authors: Zirnstein Megan , Bice Kinsey , Kroll Judith F. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The use of two languages is common, but the circumstances that give rise to bilingualism are diverse. Recent discussions about the consequences of bilingualism have focused on how variation in language experience and use may differentially shape the engagement of cognitive control. In this paper, we illustrate the role of language variation in the observed consequences of bilingualism for language processing, language learning, and the neural mechanisms that support them. Like Green and Abutalebi (2013), we argue that the neurocognitive consequences of bilingualism are shaped by the specific ways in which the two languages are engaged. That process may reflect individual variation in cognitive control, experience with language regulation, and the influence of the environment in which the two languages were learned and are used actively. The emerging pattern is complex but systematic, with the influence of language experience sometimes revealed in behavior but often seen only in brain activity.
Language control and executive control
Authors: Wolleb Anna , Sorace Antonella , Westergaard Marit 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we review recent literature on the cognitive benefits of bilingualism and suggest that studies focusing on language processing can provide insights in the debate surrounding the “bilingual advantage hypothesis”. We argue that cross-language priming can be a useful research tool, because it recruits different types of abilities, some of which may not be language-specific. Specifically, we claim that the mechanism that allows speakers to correctly select the target language in cross-language priming may be the same that is needed in cognitive tasks to alternate between different sets of rules. We further argue that the choice of a specific linguistic structure is, by contrast, governed by processes that are purely linguistic in nature.
Risk for language delay in healthy preterm and full-term children
Authors: Resches Mariela , Pérez-Pereira Miguel , Cruz Guerrero Raquel , Fernández Prieto Montse 
Published: June 2019

This study analysed the Risk for Language Delay (RLD) in a sample of healthy preterm children and a full-term control group. We collected direct and indirect measures of language development from 10 to 60 months, and we examined the influence of biomedical, cognitive and environmental variables over the RLD at 22, 30, and 60 months. While at the early ages there were not significant differences in the prevalence of RLD between preterm and full-term children, at 60 months receptive grammar delay was more frequent in the preterm group. Also, preterm children showed a higher instability in the prevalence of RLD over time. Lastly, cognitive development, maternal education and early expressive vocabulary were the most important factors to predict RLD.
Rating of perceived exertion – a valid method for monitoring light to vigorous exercise intensity in individuals with subjective and mild cognitive impairment?
Authors: Stuckenschneider Tim , Rüdiger Stefanie , Abeln Vera , Askew Christopher D. , Wollseiffen Petra , Schneider Stefan ,   NeuroExercise Study Group
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn rehabilitation settings, exercise intensity is often monitored with Borg's rating of perceived exertion (RPE). However, previous studies showed that severe cognitive impairment may limit the usability of the RPE. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between RPE and heart rate (HR), and to establish whether a target RPE can be used to achieve exercise intensity based on an individual's HR‐RPE in people with early cognitive impairment. 97 participants (74.7 ± 6 years) with early cognitive impairment completed an incremental exercise test. Of these, 54 were tested during a single, RPE guided exercise session. RPE and HR were monitored throughout. Correlations between HR and RPE were assessed using Spearman's correlation. Mean differences between measured HR and target HR were calculated and compared using a two‐way ANOVA with factors cognition and exercise mode. Bland–Altman plots were constructed to analyse the agreement between target and measured HR. HR and RPE correlated moderately with each other (p < 0.001; r = 0.555) and no differences between target and measured HR were observed. Bland–Altman plots revealed a mean difference of 1.2 bpm and a 95% level of agreement was between 24.4 and −22.1 bpm. No differences in rating accuracy were observed between different cognitive impairment levels nor between different exercise modes. Bland–Altman plots revealed some variance between the participants with almost half of them missing target HR by 10bpm or more. Therefore, the RPE should only be applied with caution and, if possible, with other measurements (e.g. heart rate monitors) to ensure that target intensity is reached.
Analysis of the skills of physics teacher candidates in designing simple Arduino-based physics experiments
Authors: Candra Yusro Andista , Pratama Hendrik , Wahyuni Maduretno Tri , Nur Hudha Muhammad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Physic teacher candidates are expected to have skills in developing practical tools which aim to improve students’ understanding of activities in the laboratory. This study aims to describe the ability of physics teacher candidates in designing simple Arduino-based physics experiments. This research is a descriptive study of the products of physics experiment courses. The product produced by the candidate of physics teacher after obtaining expert assessment in the correct category and feasible to use in learning with achievement score of average validity reached 87.8%. Based on the results of the observation and interview, it was found that physics teacher candidates who were highly motivated to conduct laboratory activities actively and physics teacher candidates had high curiosity skilled in making simple practicum tools for physics experiments.
Development and characterization of an atmospheric pressure plasma reactor compatible with spatial ALD
Authors: Zoubian F , Rabat H , Aubry O , Dumuis N , Dozias S , Muñozrojas D , Hong D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Dielectric Barrier Discharges (DBD) are widely used for atmospheric pressure plasma generation. The possibility of their adaptation in custom-made configurations makes them potential candidate to assist deposition processes. In fact, the increased need of high-quality thin films forces to improve the deposition techniques. New processes should be able to work in less constrained conditions such as atmospheric pressure rather than vacuum and to have faster deposition rates while respecting the same high quality of the deposited films. In this paper we present the development of a surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor to assist an atmospheric spatial atomic layer deposition process. The reactor was fabricated with 3D printing and the plasma was generated by a surface dielectric barrier discharge powered by a microsecond pulsed high voltage power supply. The dissipated power was measured for different configurations, and thanks to the micro discharges imaging, it was observed that the thickness and the shape of the dielectric barrier influenced the micro discharges distribution on the dielectric surface. The plasma reactor exhaust gas was chemically analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and micro gas chromatography. The ozone concentration was determined as function of frequency of the power supply.
Model of the cathode region of a plasma photoelectric converter of concentrated solar radiation.
Authors: Gorbunov N A , Flamant G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A model of the cathode region of a plasma photoelectric converter of concentrated solar radiation in the regime of an open external circuit is considered. Plasma is analyzed in sodium vapor at a pressure of 104 -105 Pa. The necessary optical power is calculated for creating plasma in the state of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE), whose temperature is in the range 4000-4500 K. This temperature provides a small internal resistance of the plasma voltage source. A large value of radiative heat conduction coefficient ensures a small temperature drop between the central part and the plasma LTE boundary near the walls of the converter. The model of a Non-LTE zone near the wall of the cathode is analyzed to specify the boundary conditions in the energy balance equation for LTE plasma. The thermal non-equilibrium plasma model resulted in the electron temperature gradient in the Non-LTE zone. The energy losses of electrons in the ionization layer near the cathode are counterbalanced by the thermal conductivity of the electron gas. The specificity of the conditions under consideration consists in the non-local nature of the balance of the electron temperature in the Non-LTE zone.
A novel approach for the estimation of nanoparticle evaporation through the Method of Moments
Authors: Galleni F. , Strappaveccia F. , Ghedini E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this article the results of the application of two numerical approaches - the Method of Moments and the nodal method - for the prediction of the evaporation phenomena in the synthesis of nanoparticles are presented and compared, in order to evaluate the limits of the moment methods and to determine the usability of the method in plasma environments (i.e. high temperatures and steep gradients). Furthermore, a new closure term is introduced in the Method of Moments, in order to consider the disappearance of the particles due to the evaporation process. The Nodal Method is used as a benchmark for the Method of Moments.
Comparing farming income prospects for cocoa and oil palm in Asahan District of North Sumatera
Authors: Nasution S K H , Supriana T , Pane T C , Hanum S S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Oil palm, rubber, and cocoa are the top three leading plantation commodities in Indonesia which are usually mutually converted one to each other. Oil palm plantation area and production in Indonesia over the past five years tend to increase, while the cocoa plantation area and production tend to decrease. According to the business ownership status, most of the cocoa plantations are cultivated by smallholders, while most of the oil palm plantations are cultivated by large private plantations. In North Sumatra, the cocoa commodity is the most often converted into oil palm. One of the factors that affect cocoa lands conversion into oil palm is the income prospects. The income analysis and the compare means analysis were used to see whether there are significant differences between the average income of cocoa and oil palm farming. The results showed that there are significant differences between the incomes of cocoa farmers and oil palm farmers, where the prospect of oil palm farmers’ income is higher than the income of cocoa farmers.