bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Progress Of Quantum Repeaters
Authors: Ruihong Qiao , Ying Meng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
At present, the main components of quantum communication channels are optical fibers and free space. However, whether it is a fiber channel or a free-space channel, the channel in which it propagates is affected by noise, resulting in loss or absorption of photons. Experimental studies have shown that the quantum key can basically meet the requirements of the local area network, and the safety distance is about 100km. However, if you want to achieve longer distance distribution, you can’t do without quantum repeaters. The quantum repeater can divide the long-distance communication distance into several segments, and then perform quantum key distribution in several segments respectively; then establish a longer-distance EPR pair between adjacent nodes, and establish an EPR pair to utilize entanglement switching and Entanglement purification technology; finally repeat the above steps, and finally achieve long-distance information transmission. The development of quantum repeaters can solve the communication problems facing the world and promote the replacement of global communication methods.
Transient Stability Analysis of Ocean Wave Energy Fed to a Power Grid Using a SSSC
Authors: Lu Kai-Hung , Xu Qiangqiang , Chen Ziwen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes the design of a closed-loop vector control structure based on Recurrent Functional Link based Elman Neural Network (RFLENN) for a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), linking to a Seashore Wave Energy System (SWES) driven Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is connected. A RFLENN controller for a SSSC in order to reduce the power fluctuations, voltage support and damping for a hybrid power system. The proposed RFLENN is a functional link-based recurrent Elman Neural Network. Analysis of the performance of the proposed controller shows that it can achieve better damping characteristics. The internal power fluctuations to the power system can effectively stabilize the network under unstable conditions. This paper presents a closed-loop vector control structure based on RFLENN for a grid-connected SWES driven DFIG. This paper presents the transient stability improvement and power-flow control results of a DFIG-based SWES connected to a SSSC connected in series with one of two parallel transmission lines.
Achieving a Youthful Midface: Examination of Midface Anatomy Improvement Following Lower Blepharoplasty With Fat Transposition and Transtemporal Midface Lift With Lower Lid Skin Pinch
Authors: Weng Catherine , Quatela Vito 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Numerous methods have been described to treat midfacial aging. The authors compared 2 surgical methods aimed to improve the appearance of midface aging via their ability to improve midface contour: the transtemporal midface lift (with lower lid skin pinch) and lower blepharoplasty with fat transposition.

Objectives
The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent transtemporal midface lift and lower blepharoplasty with fat transposition performed by the senior author (V.Q.) from January 2014 to December 2015. Preoperative and 6-month postoperative profile photos were objectively examined for both surgical groups and compared. A total of 16 patients underwent lower blepharoplasty with fat transposition and 15 patients underwent trans temporal midface lift.

Methods
For comparison 1, the authors compared the angle at the orbital rim within each surgical group before and after surgery. For comparison 2, the degree of improvement in the midfacial contour was quantitatively compared between the 2 surgical groups.

Results
This study demonstrated that both procedures achieved a statistically significant improvement in the midfacial contour. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in severity of deformity preoperatively (mean preoperative orbital rim angle 131.5° for lower blepharoplasty group and 132.2° for transtemporal midface lift group, P = 0.90). Degree of improvement between the groups also did not significantly differ (P = 0.28).

Conclusions
Both approaches (transtemporal midface lift and lower blepharoplasty with fat transposition) can successfully improve the lower lid midface contour, as the authors demonstrated statistically significant improvement at 6 months postoperatively.

Level of Evidence: 4
The Interplay of Nutrition, Physical Activity, Severity of Illness, and Mortality in Critically Ill Burn Patients: Is There a Connection?
Authors: Shields Beth A , Carpenter Jennifer N , Bustillos Brenda D , Jordan Alicia N , Cunningham Kyle B , Vega Saul J , Aden James K , Rowan Matthew P , Rizzo Julie A , Dewey William S , Gurney Jennifer M , Ainsworth Craig R , Cancio Leopoldo C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this project was to evaluate the relationships between nutrition, physical activity levels (PALs), severity of illness (SOI), and survival in critically ill burn patients. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of consecutively admitted adult patients who had an intensive care unit stay ≥8 days after ≥20% TBSA burns. Linear regression was used to assess the association between SOI (sequential organ failure assessment scores) and PALs as well as between SOI and nutritional intake. After univariate analysis comparing survivors and nonsurvivors, factors with P < .10 were analyzed with multiple logistic regression. Characteristics of the 45 included patients were: 42 ± 15 years old, 37 ± 17% TBSA burns, 22% mortality. Factors independently associated with survival were burn size (negatively) (P = .018), height (positively) (P = .006), highest PAL during the first eight intensive care unit days (positively) (P = .016), and kcal balance during the fifth through the eighth intensive care unit days (positively) (P = .012). Sequential organ failure assessment scores had a significant (P < .001) but weak association with nutrition intake (R2 = 0.05) and PALs (R2 = 0.25). Higher nutritional intake and activity were significantly associated with lower mortality in critically ill burn patients. Given the weak associations between both nutritional intake and PALs with SOI, the primary barrier in achieving nutrition and activity goals was not SOI. We recommend that physical rehabilitation and nutritional intake be optimized in an effort to improve outcomes in critically ill burn patients.
Poetics Ashore
Authors: Rivera Mayra 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on distinctive traits of poetics in the works of Caribbean thinkers, its critique of colonialism and slavery, its orientation toward the world and attention to the creativity of survival. It draws on writers who have influenced my work—particularly Aimé Césaire, Édouard Glissant, and Sylvia Wynter—to give the reader a sense of the textures of their works.
Detailed Analysis of Hydrocephalus and Hindbrain Herniation After Prenatal and Postnatal Myelomeningocele Closure: Report From a Single Institution
Authors: Flanders Tracy M , Heuer Gregory G , Madsen Peter J , Buch Vivek P , Mackell Catherine M , Alexander Erin E , Moldenhauer Julie S , Zarnow Deborah M , Flake Alan W , Adzick N Scott 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) demonstrated that fetal myelomeningocele (fMMC) closure results in improved hydrocephalus and hindbrain herniation when compared to postnatal closure.

OBJECTIVE
To report on the outcomes of a single institution's experience in the post-MOMS era, with regard to hydrocephalus absence and hindbrain herniation resolution.

METHODS
A single-center retrospective study of a subset of post-MOMS patients who underwent fetal/postnatal myelomeningocele closure was performed. Primary outcomes included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion status and hindbrain herniation resolution. Families were contacted via telephone for outcome information if care was transitioned to outside institutions. Univariate/multivariable analyses were performed using several prenatal and postnatal variables.

RESULTS
From January 2011 to May 2016, data were reviewed from families of 62 postnatal and 119 fMMC closure patients. In the postnatal group, 80.6% required CSF diversion compared to 38.7% fetal cases (P < .01). Hindbrain herniation resolution occurred in 81.5% fetal repairs compared to 32.6% postnatal (P < .01). In the fetal group, fetal/premature neonatal demise occurred in 6/119 (5.0%) patients. There was a 42.0% decrease (95% CI –55.2 to –28.8) and 48.9% increase (95% CI 33.7 to 64.1) in risk difference for CSF diversion and hindbrain herniation resolution, respectively, in the fetal group. On univariate analysis for both groups, prenatal atrial diameter, frontal–occipital horn ratio, and hindbrain herniation resolution were significantly associated with the absence of clinical hydrocephalus. The treatment of hydrocephalus was significantly delayed in the fetal group compared to the postnatal group (10 mo vs 13.8 d).

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates the benefits of fMMC closure with regard to CSF dynamics.
Scalp Cirsoid Aneurysms: Case Illustration and Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Sofela Agbolahan , Osunronbi Temidayo , Hettige Samantha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Scalp cirsoid aneurysms are rare subcutaneous arteriovenous fistulae affecting the scalp. They can be easily misdiagnosed and mistreated.

OBJECTIVE
To review reported cases of scalp cirsoid aneurysms for their incidence, etiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes using an illustrative case.

METHODS
We conducted a PUBMED, SCOPUS, OVID SP, SciELO, and INFORMA search using the keywords; “cirsoid,” “aneurysm,” “arteriovenous,” “malformation,” “scalp,” “vascular,” and “fistula.” We identified 74 pertinent papers, reporting 242 cases in addition to our reported index case.

RESULTS
Median age at presentation was 25 yr (range 1-72 yr); male to female ratio was 2.5:1. The most common symptoms were a pulsatile mass (94% of patients), headaches (25%), and tinnitus (20%). The median duration of symptoms was 3 yr (6 d to 31 yr), with 60.2% occurring spontaneously, 32.23% traumatic, and the rest iatrogenic. A total of 58.5% of cases were managed with surgical excision only, 21.6% with endovascular embolization only, and 14.5% with a combination of both methods. The complication rate observed in the endovascular embolization treatment cohort (55.8%) was significantly higher than that observed in the surgical excision only cohort (9.9%) (P < .00001) and in the combined therapy cohort (0%) (P < .00001). There is a low recurrence rate after treatment irrespective of modality: surgical excision only (6.3%), endovascular embolization only (8.3%), and combined therapy (0%).

CONCLUSION
Scalp cirsoid aneurysms are associated with good prognoses when recognized and managed appropriately. We suggest combining surgery with endovascular embolization as the optimum treatment modality.
Successful endovascular recanalization of massive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a patient with tuberous sclerosis and protein S deficiency: a case report
Authors: Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Ueda Masayuki , Muraga Kanako , Ota Takahiro , Horikawa Hiroshi , Kimura Kazumi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Here, we report the case of a 27-year-old woman with tuberous sclerosis complex who underwent successful endovascular intervention for cerebral venous thrombosis at the superior sagittal sinus. She had protein S deficiency and a long-term history of anemia caused by menorrhagia from uterine fibroids, possibly leading to a hypercoagulable state. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis accounts for ~0.5–1% of all strokes. Several cases of venous thrombosis in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and protein S or protein C deficiency have been reported, but further studies are needed to identify whether an association of this rare combination may be explained.
Antimicrobial Disposition During Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Using an Ex Vivo Model
Authors: Purohit Prashant J. , Elkomy Mohammed H. , Frymoyer Adam , Sutherland Scott M. , Drover David R. , Hammer Gregory B. , Su Felice 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:Little is known on the impact of continuous renal replacement therapy on antimicrobial dose requirements in children. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics of commonly administered antimicrobials in an ex vivo continuous renal replacement therapy model.Design:An ex vivo continuous renal replacement therapy circuit was used to evaluate drug-circuit interactions and determine the disposition of five commonly used antimicrobials (meropenem, piperacillin, liposomal amphotericin B, caspofungin, and voriconazole).Setting:University research laboratory.Patients:None.Interventions:Antimicrobials were administered into a reservoir containing whole human blood. The reservoir was connected to a pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy circuit programmed for a 10 kg child. Continuous renal replacement therapy was performed in the hemodiafiltration mode and in three phases correlating with three different continuous renal replacement therapy clearance rates: 1) no clearance (0 mL/kg/hr, to measure adsorption), 2) low clearance (20 mL/kg/hr), and 3) high clearance (40 mL/kg/hr). Blood samples were drawn directly from the reservoir at baseline and at 5, 20, 60, and 180 minutes during each phase. Five independent continuous renal replacement therapy runs were performed to assess inter-run variability. Antimicrobial concentrations were measured using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assays. A closed-loop, flow-through pharmacokinetic model was developed to analyze concentration-time profiles for each drug.Measurements and Main Results:Circuit adsorption of antimicrobials ranged between 13% and 27%. Meropenem, piperacillin, and voriconazole were cleared by the continuous renal replacement therapy circuit and clearance increased with increasing continuous renal replacement therapy clearance rates (7.66 mL/min, 4.97 mL/min, and 2.67 mL/min, respectively, for high continuous renal replacement therapy clearance). Amphotericin B and caspofungin had minimal circuit clearance and did not change with increasing continuous renal replacement therapy clearance rates.Conclusions:Careful consideration of drug-circuit interactions during continuous renal replacement therapy is essential for appropriate drug dosing in critically ill children. Antimicrobials have unique adsorption and clearance profiles during continuous renal replacement therapy, and this knowledge is important to optimize antimicrobial therapy.
Aesthetic Outcomes of Nasal Burow's Grafts With Interdomal Sutures After Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: Pelster Michael W. , Gibbons Mitchell S. , Patel Payal M. , Behshad Ramona , Semchyshyn Natalie , Maher Ian A. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND
Post-Mohs reconstruction of distal nasal defects is challenging. Many repair options exist, each with advantages and disadvantages. Utilization of a Burow's graft in combination with manipulation of the underlying nasal cartilages with interdomal sutures is an underreported yet effective repair option.

OBJECTIVE
To present the authors' experience with Burow's grafts facilitated by interdomal sutures for repair of nasal defects after Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients who underwent repair with Burow's grafts and interdomal sutures from 2013 to 2017 at a single university were identified. Demographics, follow-up, and complications were recorded. Two independent, board-certified dermatologists evaluated photographs for cosmesis and alar symmetry.

RESULTS
Thirty-one patients were identified. A total of 5/31 patients (16.1%) experienced minor complications without permanent sequelae. A total of 4/31 (12.9%) patients underwent cosmetic revision. No incidences of pincushioning, nasal valve dysfunction, or graft necrosis occurred. Aesthetic ratings were good to excellent with mean visual analog score of 80.8. Alar symmetry was excellent.

CONCLUSION
A Burow's full-thickness skin graft facilitated by an interdomal suture to maintain nasal tip orientation and projection is an elegant repair technique for distal nasal oncologic defects with good to excellent aesthetic outcomes. It should be considered in the armamentarium for repair of distal nasal defects after MMS.
A quantile regression approach to examine fine particles, term low birth weight, and racial/ethnic disparities
Authors: Schwarz Lara , Bruckner Tim , Ilango Sindana D. , Sheridan Paige , Basu Rupa , Benmarhnia Tarik 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy has been shown to be associated with reduced birth weight and racial/ethnic minorities have been found to be more vulnerable. Previous studies have focused on the mean value of birth weight associated with PM2.5, which may mask meaningful differences. We applied a quantile regression approach to investigate the variation by percentile of birth weight and compared non-Hispanic (NH) Black, NH White, and Hispanic mothers.

Methods:
Data for singleton births in California from October 24, 2005 to February 27, 2010 were collected from the birth records accessed from the California Department of Public Health. Air pollution monitoring data collected by the California Air Resources Board and interpolated for each zip code using an inverse-distance weighting approach, and linked to maternal zip code of residence reported on the birth certificate. Multilevel linear regression models were conducted with mother’s residential zip code tabulation area as a random effect. Multilevel quantile regression models were used to analyze the association at different percentiles of birth weight (5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th), as well as examine the heterogeneity in this association between racial/ethnic groups.

Results:
Linear regression revealed that a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy is associated with a mean birth weight decrease of 7.31 g [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.10, 6.51] and NH Black mothers are the most vulnerable. Results of the quantile regression are not constant across quantiles. For NH Black mothers whose infants had the lowest birthweight of less than 2673 g (5th percentile), a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure is associated with a decrease of 18.57 g [95% CI: 22.23, 14.91], while it is associated with a decrease of 7.77 g [95% CI: 8.73, 6.79] for NH White mothers and 7.76 [8.52, 7.00] decrease for Hispanic mothers at the same quantile.

Conclusion:
Results of the quantile regression revealed greater disparities, particularly for infants with the lowest birth weight. By identifying vulnerable populations, we can promote and implement policies to confront these health disparities.
CASE SERIES OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY FOR CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION
Authors: Masters Thomas C. , Westgard Bjorn C. , Hendriksen Stephen M. , Decanini Alejandra , Abel Anne S. , Logue Christopher J. , Walter Joseph W. , Linduska Joseph , Engel Kevin C. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To retrospectively report the outcomes of patients presenting to our facility with central retinal artery occlusion and receiving therapy with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO).

Methods:
This was a retrospective, chart review at a single hospital center. Patients with diagnosed central retinal artery occlusion were treated with HBO twice daily for 5 days during their inpatient stay for a total of 10 HBO treatments. Main outcome was change from the documented presenting best-corrected visual acuity to discharge best-corrected visual acuity. Thirty-nine patients with central retinal artery occlusion were included in the analysis during a 30-month period.

Results:
Twenty-eight of 39 patients (72%) had some improvement in acuity. There was a mean of 5.05 lines of improvement using a modified Snellen chart after completing their HBO treatment course. Patients treated within 12 hours of symptom onset showed the greatest improvement in their visual acuity (6.11 mean lines of improvement). Complications of therapy included middle ear barotrauma (10/39) and confinement anxiety (1/39) and did not interfere with the therapy regimen or hospital course.

Conclusion:
This retrospective case series supports the use of emergent HBO therapy as a viable treatment option for patients with central retinal artery occlusion. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was safely administered and well tolerated.
Management of Nocardia Interface Keratitis After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Srirampur Arjun , Mansoori Tarannum , Reddy Ashok Kumar , Katta Kavya Reddy , Chandrika Tumati Naga 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To report the clinical course and management of graft–host interface Nocardia keratitis after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods:
A 70-year-old man presented with a corneal epithelial defect, stromal edema, graft infiltrate, and graft–host interface infection 5 months after an uneventful DMEK performed for bullous keratopathy in the left eye. Corneal scrapings from the margin of epithelial defect showed gram-positive bacillus, and the organism was identified as Nocardia asteroides.

Results:
Intensive and appropriate topical and systemic antibiotic therapy resulted in complete resolution of infection. Three months later, the patient underwent a repeat DMEK, which resulted in clearing of corneal edema and improvement in visual acuity.

Conclusions:

Nocardia interface keratitis is a rare entity, which can occur after DMEK. Proper clinical evaluation and microbiological workup helped us in accurate diagnosis and management. Repeat DMEK after complete resolution of the infection resulted in good outcomes regarding corneal clarity and vision improvement.
A Case of Uveitis-Hyphema-Glaucoma Syndrome Due to EX-PRESS Glaucoma Filtration Device Implantation
Authors: Hou Andrew , Hasbrook Madeleine , Crandall David 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To report a case of a 69-year-old patient who developed uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome (UGH) after an uneventful EX-PRESS mini shunt surgery for advanced primary open-angle glaucoma and to discuss management options and clinical implications. UGH syndrome is a rare, but serious complication usually described after cataract surgery. It is often described in anterior chamber intraocular lenses, sulcus lenses, and malpositioned or subluxed lenses resulting in chafing of the lens-iris interface. Clinical manifestations include increased intraocular pressure, anterior chamber inflammation, and recurrent hyphema.

Patient and Methods:
We report a case of a 69-year-old African American man who developed UGH syndrome 8 years after uneventful implantation of a P-50 EX-PRESS miniature shunt. Slit-lamp examination demonstrated persistent inflammation without evidence of iris atrophy nor intraocular lens dislocation; however, gonioscopy demonstrated localized iris atrophy under the shunt with surrounding iris billowing and a layered hyphema.

Results:
A localized laser iridoplasty around the shunt was performed leading to resolution of uveitis and hyphema. No other complications occurred during follow-up.

Conclusions:
Given the increasing acceptance of glaucoma procedures involving implants, UGH syndrome may become more prevalent as new sources of intraocular devices may cause potential complications. Laser iridoplasty provides a minimally invasive approach to treating a localized source of chafing and reduce further surgical intervention.