bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Attractants Used in the Fruit Fly Monitoring (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a Commercial Orchard of Psidium guajava
Authors: Alves Júlio César G. , De Brito Carlos Henrique , Oliveira Robério De , Corsato Clarice D. A. , Silva Jakellyne F. da , Barbosa Vinícius De O. , Batista Jacinto De L. 
Published: April 2019

Fruit flies are considered an important fruit pest for world fruit production because they cause significant losses to the production and limit fruit free transport due to quarantine restrictions imposed by importing countries. Fruit flies population dynamics knowledge of a particular region is an important factor in the management of this pest. Traps are devices created to attract and capture flies by sexual attraction or food attraction, both put inside the trap. It reduces fruit flies population in the orchard, decreasing the pressure and chances of an infestation. This research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of food baits in the fruit flies capture on guava plant culture, in order to establish an adequate program for this pest in the municipality of Nova Floresta – PB. Monitoring of the adult fruit-fly was performed with aid of plastic traps of the type PET bottle 330 mL of Bio Anastrepha® 5.0%, 440 mL of sugarcane molasses diluted to 10.0% and 520 mL of 30.0% fruit juice (guava). The traps were installed in the central part of the trees, approximately 1.50 m above ground. Every 15 days adult fruit flies were caught, the occasion that food baits were replaced. From these data were evaluated: efficiency of food baits, MAD index (flies/trap/day) and food baits cost-benefit analysis. The best food attractant at the lowest cost was Bio Anastrepha® at 5.0%, with a catch margin of 63.83%, followed by fruit juice at 30.0% and sugarcane molasses at 10.0%, with 34.04% and 2.13%, respectively.
Room‐Temperature Meniscus Coating of >20% Perovskite Solar Cells: A Film Formation Mechanism Investigation
Authors: Hu Hanlin , Ren Zhiwei , Fong Patrick W. K. , Qin Minchao , Liu Danjun , Lei Dangyuan , Lu Xinhui , Li Gang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are ideally fabricated entirely via a scalable solution process at low temperatures to realize the promise of simple manufacturing, low‐cost processing, compatibility with flexible substrates, and perovskite‐based tandem solar cells. However, high‐quality photoactive perovskite thin films under those processing conditions is a challenge. Here, a laminar air‐knife‐assisted room‐temperature meniscus coating approach that enables one to control the drying kinetics during the solidification process and achieve high‐quality perovskite films and solar cells is devised. Moreover, this approach offers a solid model platform for in situ UV–vis and microscopic investigation of the perovskite film drying kinetics, which provide rich insights correlating the degree of supersaturation, the nucleation, and growth rate during the kinetic drying process, and ultimately, the film morphology and performance of the solar cell devices. Manufacturing friendly, antisolvent‐free room‐temperature coating of hysteresis‐free PSCs with a power conversion efficiency of 20.26% for 0.06 cm2 and 18.76% for 1 cm2 devices is demonstrated.
Efficient and Stable CsPbI3 Solar Cells via Regulating Lattice Distortion with Surface Organic Terminal Groups
Authors: Wu Tianhao , Wang Yanbo , Dai Zhensheng , Cui Danyu , Wang Tao , Meng Xiangyue , Bi Enbing , Yang Xudong , Han Liyuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAll‐inorganic cesium lead iodide perovskites (CsPbI3) are promising wide‐bandgap materials for use in the perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, but they easily undergo a phase transition from a cubic black phase to an orthorhombic yellow phase under ambient conditions. It is shown that this phase transition is triggered by moisture that causes distortion of the corner‐sharing octahedral framework ([PbI6]4−). Here, a novel strategy to suppress the octahedral tilting of [PbI6]4− units in cubic CsPbI3 by systematically controlling the steric hindrance of surface organic terminal groups is provided. This steric hindrance effectively prevents the lattice distortion and thus increases the energy barrier for phase transition. This mechanism is verified by X‐ray diffraction measurements and density functional theory calculations. Meanwhile, the formation of an organic capping layer can also passivate the surface electronic trap states of perovskite absorber. These modifications contribute to a stable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.2% for the inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which is the highest efficiency achieved by the inverted‐structure inorganic PSCs. More importantly, the optimized devices retained 85% of their initial PCE after aging under ambient conditions for 30 days.
Anti‐Ambipolar Transport with Large Electrical Modulation in 2D Heterostructured Devices
Authors: Cheng Ruiqing , Yin Lei , Wang Feng , Wang Zhenxing , Wang Junjun , Wen Yao , Huang Wenhao , Sendeku Marshet Getaye , Feng Liping , Liu Yufang , He Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVan der Waals materials and their heterostructures provide a versatile platform to explore new device architectures and functionalities beyond conventional semiconductors. Of particular interest is anti‐ambipolar behavior, which holds potentials for various digital electronic applications. However, most of the previously conducted studies are focused on hetero‐ or homo‐ p–n junctions, which suffer from a weak electrical modulation. Here, the anti‐ambipolar transport behavior and negative transconductance of MoTe2 transistors are reported using a graphene/h‐BN floating‐gate structure to dynamically modulate the conduction polarity. Due to the asymmetric electrical field regulating effect on the recombination and diffusion currents, the anti‐ambipolar transport and negative transconductance feature can be systematically controlled. Consequently, the device shows an unprecedented peak resistance modulation factor (≈5 × 103), and effective photoexcitation modulation with distinct threshold voltage shift and large photo on/off ratio (≈104). Utilizing this large modulation effect, the voltage‐transfer characteristics of an inverter circuit variant are further studied and its applications in Schmitt triggers and multivalue output are further explored. These properties, in addition to their proven nonvolatile storage, suggest that such 2D heterostructured devices display promising perspectives toward future logic applications.
Quasicrystal Photonic Metasurfaces for Radiation Controlling of Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Tang Yutao , Deng Junhong , Li King Fai , Jin Mingke , Ng Jack , Li Guixin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhotonic metasurfaces, a kind of 2D structured medium, represent a novel platform to manipulate the propagation of light at subwavelength scale. In linear optical regime, many interesting topics such as planar meta‐lenses, metasurface optical holography, and so on have been widely investigated. Recently, metasurfaces have gone into the nonlinear optical regime. While it is recognized that the local symmetry of the meta‐atoms plays a vital role in determining the polarization, phase, and intensity of the nonlinear waves, much less attention has been paid to the global symmetry of the nonlinear metasurfaces. According to the Penrose tiling and the newly proposed hexagonal quasicrystalline tiling, nonlinear optical quasicrystal metasurfaces are designed and fabricated based on the geometric‐phase‐controlled plasmonic meta‐atoms with local rotational symmetry. It is found that the far‐field radiation behavior of second harmonic generation waves are determined by both the tiling schemes of quasicrystal metasurfaces and the local symmetry of meta‐atoms they consist of. The proposed concept may open new avenues for designing nonlinear optical sources with metasurface crystals.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C3N4)‐Derived N‐Rich Graphene with Tuneable Interlayer Distance as a High‐Rate Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Jinlong , Zhang Yaqian , Zhang Lei , Xie Fangxi , Vasileff Anthony , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHeteroatom‐doped carbon materials with expanded interlayer distance have been widely studied as anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, it remains unexplored to further enlarge the interlayer spacing and reveal the influence of heteroatom doping on carbon nanostructures for developing more efficient SIB anode materials. Here, a series of N‐rich few‐layer graphene (N‐FLG) with tuneable interlayer distance ranging from 0.45 to 0.51 nm is successfully synthesized by annealing graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) under zinc catalysis and selected temperature (T = 700, 800, and 900 °C). More significantly, the correlation between N dopants and interlayer distance of resultant N‐FLG‐T highlights the effect of pyrrolic N on the enlargement of graphene interlayer spacing, due to its stronger electrostatic repulsion. As a consequence, N‐FLG‐800 achieves the optimal properties in terms of interlayer spacing, nitrogen configuration and electronic conductivity. When used as an anode for SIBs, N‐FLG‐800 shows remarkable Na+ storage performance with ultrahigh rate capability (56.6 mAh g−1 at 40 A g−1) and excellent long‐term stability (211.3 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 2000 cycles), demonstrating the effectiveness of material design.
Seed‐Layer‐Free Atomic Layer Deposition of Highly Uniform Al2O3 Thin Films onto Monolayer Epitaxial Graphene on Silicon Carbide
Authors: Schilirò Emanuela , Lo Nigro Raffaella , Roccaforte Fabrizio , Deretzis Ioannis , La Magna Antonino , Armano Angelo , Agnello Simonpietro , Pecz Bela , Ivanov Ivan G. , Yakimova Rositsa , Giannazzo Filippo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) is the method of choice to obtain uniform insulating films on graphene for device applications. Owing to the lack of out‐of‐plane bonds in the sp2 lattice of graphene, nucleation of ALD layers is typically promoted by functionalization treatments or predeposition of a seed layer, which, in turn, can adversely affect graphene electrical properties. Hence, ALD of dielectrics on graphene without prefunctionalization and seed layers would be highly desirable. In this work, uniform Al2O3 films are obtained by seed‐layer‐free thermal ALD at 250 °C on highly homogeneous monolayer (1L) epitaxial graphene (EG) (>98% 1L coverage) grown on on‐axis 4H‐SiC(0001). The enhanced nucleation behavior on 1L graphene is not related to the SiC substrate, but it is peculiar of the EG/SiC interface. Ab initio calculations show an enhanced adsorption energy for water molecules on highly n‐type doped 1L graphene, indicating the high doping of EG induced by the underlying buffer layer as the origin of the excellent Al2O3 nucleation. Nanoscale current mapping by conductive atomic force microscopy shows excellent insulating properties of the Al2O3 thin films on 1L EG, with a breakdown field > 8 MV cm−1. These results will have important impact in graphene device technology.
Biocompatibility Considerations in the Design of Graphene Biomedical Materials
Authors: Bullock Christopher J. , Bussy Cyrill 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGraphene‐based materials (GBM) have outstanding properties that have proven highly beneficial in several proof‐of‐concept investigations on their biomedical potential. They can be used as suspensions of nanosheets for nanomedicine purposes as well as components of macroscale products in medical devices or tissue engineering/regenerative medicine products. However, the clinical translation of these preclinical concepts is hampered by the incomplete understanding of the biocompatibility of GBM in general, and the limited or lack of safety considerations in most preclinical proof‐of‐concept studies. In this review, the main safety aspects to be considered for the design of biocompatible materials based on GBM that interface with the human body or its fluids are outlined. Guidance to overcome some of the unique challenges presented by graphene biomedical materials are provided, stressing the need to consider safety challenges as early as possible in the design phase of the candidate biomedical product to raise its chance for clinical translation.
Structurally Tunable Reduced Graphene Oxide Substrate Maintains Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency
Authors: Zhao Jinping , Tang Mingliang , Cao Jing , Ye Dan , Guo Xudong , Xi Jiajie , Zhou Yi , Xia Yuchen , Qiao Jing , Chai Renjie , Yang Xiaowei , Kang Jiuhong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCulturing embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro usually requires animal‐derived trophoblast cells, which may cause pathogenic and immune reactions; moreover, the poor repeatability between batches hinders the clinical application of ESCs. Therefore, it is essential to synthesize a xenogeneic‐free and chemically well‐defined biomaterial substrate for maintaining ESC pluripotency. Herein, the effects of structurally tunable reduced graphene oxide (RGO) substrates with different physicochemical properties on ESC pluripotency are studied. Colony formation and CCK‐8 assays show that the RGO substrate with an average 30 µm pore size promotes cell survival and proliferation. The unannealed RGO substrate promotes ESC proliferation significantly better than the annealed substrate due to the interfacial hydrophilic groups. The RGO substrate can also maintain ESC for a long time. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining shows that ESCs cultured on an RGO substrate highly express E‐cadherin and β‐catenin, whereas after being modified by Dickkopf‐related protein 1, the RGO substrate is unable to sustain ESC pluripotency. Furthermore, the cell line that interferes with E‐cadherin is also unable to maintain pluripotency. These results confirm that the RGO substrate maintains ESC pluripotency by promoting E‐cadherin‐mediated cell–cell interaction and Wnt signaling.
Structural Engineering of Low‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Liu Wenxian , Yin Ruilian , Xu Xilian , Zhang Lin , Shi Wenhui , Cao Xiehong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLow‐dimensional metal–organic frameworks (LD MOFs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years, which successfully combine the unique properties of MOFs, e.g., large surface area, tailorable structure, and uniform cavity, with the distinctive physical and chemical properties of LD nanomaterials, e.g., high aspect ratio, abundant accessible active sites, and flexibility. Significant progress has been made in the morphological and structural regulation of LD MOFs in recent years. It is still of great significance to further explore the synthetic principles and dimensional‐dependent properties of LD MOFs. In this review, recent progress in the synthesis of LD MOF‐based materials and their applications are summarized, with an emphasis on the distinctive advantages of LD MOFs over their bulk counterparties. First, the unique physical and chemical properties of LD MOF‐based materials are briefly introduced. Synthetic strategies of various LD MOFs, including 1D MOFs, 2D MOFs, and LD MOF‐based composites, as well as their derivatives, are then summarized. Furthermore, the potential applications of LD MOF‐based materials in catalysis, energy storage, gas adsorption and separation, and sensing are introduced. Finally, challenges and opportunities of this fascinating research field are proposed.
Anchoring Pt Single Atoms on Te Nanowires for Plasmon‐Enhanced Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid at Room Temperature
Authors: Han Lei , Zhang Leijie , Wu Hong , Zu Hualu , Cui Peixin , Guo Jiasheng , Guo Ruihan , Ye Jian , Zhu Junfa , Zheng Xusheng , Yang Liuqing , Zhong Yici , Liang Shuquan , Wang Liangbing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFormic acid (HCOOH), as a promising hydrogen carrier, is renewable, safe, and nontoxic. However, the catalytic dehydrogenation of HCOOH is typically conducted at elevated temperature. Here, HCOOH decomposition is successfully achieved for hydrogen production on the developed Pt single atoms modified Te nanowires with the Pt mass loading of 1.1% (1.1%Pt/Te) at room temperature via a plasmon‐enhanced catalytic process. Impressively, 1.1%Pt/Te delivers 100% selectivity for hydrogen and the highest turnover frequency number of 3070 h−1 at 25 °C, which is significantly higher than that of Pt single atoms and Pt nanoclusters coloaded Te nanowires, Pt nanocrystals decorated Te nanowires, and commercial Pt/C. A plasmonic hot‐electron driven mechanism rather than photothermal effect domains the enhancement of catalytic activity for 1.1%Pt/Te under light. The transformation of HCOO* to CO2δ
−* on Pt atoms is proved to be the rate‐determining step by further mechanistic studies. 1.1%Pt/Te exhibits tremendous catalytic activity toward the decomposition of HCOOH owing to its plasmonic hot‐electron driven mechanism, which efficiently stimulates the rate‐determining step. In addition, hot electrons generated by the Te atoms nearby Pt single atoms are regarded to directly inject into the reactants adsorbed and activated on Pt single atoms.
A Magnesium‐Enriched 3D Culture System that Mimics the Bone Development Microenvironment for Vascularized Bone Regeneration
Authors: Lin Sihan , Yang Guangzheng , Jiang Fei , Zhou Mingliang , Yin Shi , Tang Yanmei , Tang Tingting , Zhang Zhiyuan , Zhang Wenjie , Jiang Xinquan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe redevelopment/regeneration pattern of amputated limbs from a blastema in salamander suggests that enhanced regeneration might be achieved by mimicking the developmental microenvironment. Inspired by the discovery that the expression of magnesium transporter‐1 (MagT1), a selective magnesium (Mg) transporter, is significantly upregulated in the endochondral ossification region of mouse embryos, a Mg‐enriched 3D culture system is proposed to provide an embryonic‐like environment for stem cells. First, the optimum concentration of Mg ions (Mg2+) for creating the osteogenic microenvironment is screened by evaluating MagT1 expression levels, which correspond to the osteogenic differentiation capacity of stem cells. The results reveal that Mg2+ selectively activates the mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway to stimulate osteogenic differentiation, and Mg2+ influx via MagT1 is profoundly involved in this process. Then, Mg‐enriched microspheres are fabricated at the appropriate size to ensure the viability of the encapsulated cells. A series of experiments show that the Mg‐enriched microenvironment not only stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells but also promotes neovascularization. Obvious vascularized bone regeneration is achieved in vivo using these Mg‐enriched cell delivery vehicles. The findings suggest that biomaterials mimicking the developmental microenvironment might be promising tools to enhance tissue regeneration.
Improving Performance of Hybrid Graphene–Perovskite Photodetector by a Scratch Channel
Authors: Chen Ziyu , Kang Zhe , Rao Chaoping , Cheng Yongfa , Liu Nishuang , Zhang Zhi , Li Luying , Gao Yihua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs a remarkable potential material for optoelectronics, perovskite has been widely studied in photodetectors. Here, a channel structure on graphene is introduced to achieve efficient separation of carriers in perovskites by suppressing the leakage current. The fabricated horizontal graphene/perovskite/graphene (GPG) structure detector with a graphene–perovskite hybrid channel and a secondary perovskite channel shows a good performance with a responsivity of 22 mA W−1, on/off switch ratio of 2.6 × 103, and detectivity of 3.55 × 109 Jones at a bias voltage of 2 V and an effective area of 3 × 5 mm2. The channel prepared by a simple probe drawing process forms a horizontal Schottky structure that is effective in generating photocurrent. It is proposed that minimizing the thickness of the perovskite without reducing the absorption rate and maintaining one channel are effective ways to further improve the performance of the GPG detector. The photoresponse characteristics of the devices under illumination of different wavelengths are measured, showing wide spectral response range and linear optical power response. Finally, a flexible GPG detector on polyethylene terephthalate substrate is fabricated. It almost retains the same performance and shows good reliability and bendability.
Can biofuel policies reduce uncertainty and increase agricultural yields through stimulating investments?
Authors: Szabó Zoltán 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs history shows, the yield gap (the difference between actual and achievable yields) will not necessarily close automatically. Investments in agricultural technologies may be key. Price volatility is fundamental to investment. Price volatility has increased in agriculture in the past decade, leading to higher risks for potential investments. Some of these increased risks may be offset by the certainty offered by credible policies. The US experience indicates that ethanol policy may contribute to yield increases. Analysis suggests that corn use by ethanol plants in the USA may explain a significant part of the observed yield increase. A theoretical framework, centered on downside price‐stabilization effects, is offered here, supported by some US, EU, and Hungarian empirical evidence. The research presented explores whether new ethanol plants resulting from effective biofuel policies could serve as a market mechanism to stimulate investments in farming technologies, triggering increased productivity. A survey of local stakeholders of an ethanol plant in Hungary, the only large‐scale biofuel investment triggered in Europe by the EU's flagship bioenergy policy (the Renewable Energy Directive) suggests that relevant investments may have been stimulated. Over half of the respondent farmers said that the presence of the ethanol plant had stimulated investments in productivity. It is proposed that ethanol or biofuel policies may be effective in closing the yield gap, in effect resulting in additional biomass production and advancing the bioeconomy. With effective cross‐sectoral policies, more biomass for food, feed, bio‐based materials and / or bioenergy purposes can be produced. © 2019 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Durchstanzen von punktgestützten Deckenplatten
Authors: Farwig Kristina , Curbach Manfred 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDurch die im Bauwesen dringend notwendige Ressourceneinsparung müssen für die Tragwerksplanung neue Bauweisen erforscht werden, die es ermöglichen, den hohen Materialverbrauch zu reduzieren. Dem Ansatz form follows force folgend wurden für den Stützbereich von durchlaufenden Flachdecken ohne Durchstanzbewehrung unterschiedliche Decken‐Stützen‐Anschlüsse entworfen, mittels physikalisch nichtlinearer Finite‐Elemente‐Berechnungen im Rahmen einer Variantenstudie optimiert und durch Traglastversuche überprüft. Dabei wurde an hoch beanspruchten Stellen Material hinzugefügt und an weniger beanspruchten Stellen entfernt. Unter Beibehaltung eines konstanten Volumens erfolgte ein Vergleich der Traglasten.