bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of multifaceted interventions on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of adverse drug reactions reporting among healthcare workers in Vietnam: a comparative intervention study
Authors: Pham Hong Tham , Tran Doan Minh-Thy , Dang Thi Thuy , Nguyen Tuan Dung , Tran Minh-Hoang , Nguyen Thao Ngoc Phuong 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundKnowledge, attitude, and practice of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and ADRs reporting among healthcare workers were related to the quality and ADRs reporting rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the multifaceted interventions on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of healthcare workers and to compare the proportion of spontaneous ADRs reports at the study center, before and after instituting multifaceted interventions.MethodsA comparative intervention study was conducted among healthcare workers at the hospital. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire before and after instituting the multifaceted interventions to assess the KAP of ADRs and their reporting. The impact of the multifaceted interventions was assessed by comparing their correct responses to the KAP questions and the proportion of spontaneous ADRs reports before and after the interventions. The pre- and post-intervention scores for KAP questions were compared usingMcNemar test by R Language.Results388 healthcare workers completed the study. The proportion of participants qualified for ADRs reporting increased significantly, from 73.5% (pre–intervention) to 99.2% (post–intervention) for knowledge scores, from 70.6% to 91.8% for attitude scores, and from 81.4% to 97.2% for practice scores (p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the number of spontaneous ADRs reports increased by 31% after 3 months of interventions.ConclusionMultifaceted interventions instituted at the study center improved the knowledge, attitude, and practice of health workers towards ADRs and spontaneous reporting. It would be beneficial to implement such interventions in other hospitals in Vietnam.
Identification of sweetpotato virus disease-infected leaves from field images using deep learning
Authors: Ding Ziyu , Zeng Fanguo , Li Haifeng , Zheng Jianyu , Chen Junzhi , Chen Biao , Zhong Wenshan , Li Xuantian , Wang Zhangying , Huang Lifei , Yue Xuejun 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionSweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) is widespread and causes significant economic losses. Current diagnostic methods are either costly or labor-intensive, limiting both efficiency and scalability.MethodsThe segmentation algorithm proposed in this study can rapidly and accurately identify SPVD lesions from field-captured photos of sweetpotato leaves. Two custom datasets, DS-1 and DS-2, are utilized, containing meticulously annotated images of sweetpotato leaves affected by SPVD. DS-1 is used for training, validation, and testing the model, while DS-2 is exclusively employed to validate the model’s reliability. This study employs a deep learning-based semantic segmentation network, DeepLabV3+, integrated with an Attention Pyramid Fusion (APF) module. The APF module combines a channel attention mechanism with multi-scale feature fusion to enhance the model’s performance in disease pixel segmentation. Additionally, a novel data augmentation technique is utilized to improve recognition accuracy in the edge background areas of real large images, addressing issues of poor segmentation precision in these regions. Transfer learning is applied to enhance the model’s generalization capabilities.ResultsThe experimental results indicate that the model, with 62.57M parameters and 253.92 Giga Floating Point Operations Per Second (GFLOPs), achieves a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 94.63% and a mean accuracy (mAcc) of 96.99% on the DS-1 test set, and an mIoU of 78.59% and an mAcc of 79.47% on the DS-2 dataset.DiscussionAblation studies confirm the effectiveness of the proposed data augmentation and APF methods, while comparative experiments demonstrate the model’s superiority across various metrics. The proposed method also exhibits excellent detection results in simulated scenarios. In summary, this study successfully deploys a deep learning framework to segment SPVD lesions from field images of sweetpotato foliage, which will contribute to the rapid and intelligent detection of sweetpotato diseases.
Associations between major depressive disorder and performance-based and self-reported music cognition
Authors: Treviño-Soto Mariana , Gorozpe-Camargo Santiago , Cejudo-Camarena Álvaro , Fernández-Palacios María Elena , Uzárraga-Andrade Ana Claudia , Alamillo-Cuéllar Ana Isabel , Toledo-Fernández Aldebarán 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThere is evidence that major depressive disorder (MDD) comes with multiple cognitive impairments including deficits in perception and memory. Music cognition is one of the least explored cognitive functions in relation to MDD, with some studies pointing to mild amusic deficits. These findings, however, are derived only from performance-based tests. Our objectives were to explore differences in music perception and memory between individuals with MDD and a control group, in both performance test and self-report of amusic dysfunction, and to assess the correlation between these measures.MethodWe recruited 62 participants, including MDD individuals (n = 34) diagnosed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and controls (n = 18). All the participants were evaluated with the Montreal Battery for Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA) and the Amusic Dysfunction Inventory (ADI).ResultsNone of the assessed dimensions from the MBEA or the ADI showed statistical differences between groups. Some significant associations were found between ADI's Vocal Production and the MBEA's three tests of the melodic dimension (Scale, Contour and Interval) and between MBEA's Scale and Memory, Meter and ADI's Melodic Perception, and tests of Memory from each respective instrument.ConclusionResults suggest that perception and memory of basic music stimuli are not among the cognitive deficits within MDD, however, they may be indirectly affected by other cognitive phenomena common to this psychopathology, such as poor sustained concentration due to mental fatigue.
Prospectively predicting 6-month risk for non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents after psychiatric hospitalization based on a predictive model
Authors: Zhu Wenjuan , Cui Liping , Zhang Huijie , He Fang , Li Min , Du Xufang , Fan Xiaofen , Li Wanling 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundIt is challenging to predict the occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents over short periods. Moreover, the predictive value of indices for NSSI remains elusive. Thus, this study aimed to identify predictors of NSSI within 6 months among adolescents after psychiatric hospitalization by establishing a risk assessment model.MethodsA total of 632 high-risk participants were included in this study. The distribution characteristics of adolescent NSSI were initially assessed through a cross-sectional survey, following which risk factors were identified using logistic regression analysis. The risk score method was then used to construct a 6-month risk assessment model for NSSI. Lastly, the predictive effect of the model was evaluated by indicators such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the positive predictive value.ResultsAfter 6 months, 412 cases of NSSI were identified. According to the logistic regression model, the frequency of relapses, medication status, and NSSI history were identified as influencing factors. Higher scores on the Impulsive Behavior Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were associated with a higher risk of NSSI. Conversely, higher scores on the Pain and Belief Perception Scale were correlated with a lower risk of NSSI. Moreover, the area under the ROC curve for the predictive model was 0.9989, with a 95% confidence interval of (0.9979, 0.9999), highlighting its high predictive ability and accuracy. The predictive model was validated using 78 patients, yielding an area under the ROC curve of 0.9703 and a 95% confidence interval of (0.9167, 0.9999), demonstrating outstanding predictability.ConclusionThese results collectively showed that the predictive model could accurately predict adolescent NSSI. Thus, the model’s primary variables may be applied to predict the risk of NSSI in the clinical setting.
Global overview of government-endorsed nutrition labeling policies of packaged foods: a document review
Authors: Afroza Ummay , Abrar Ahmad Khairul , Nowar Abira , Sobhan Sheikh Mohammad Mahbubus , Ide Nicole , Choudhury Sohel Reza 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionNutrition labeling provides nutritional information about nutrients present in a food product. It is commonly applied to packaged foods and beverages, where the information can be presented on the back or front of the pack as the nutrient declaration, nutrition and health claims, and supplementary nutrition information. Nutrition labeling is an important policy instrument for improving the nutritional quality of foods and promoting healthy diets, as it allows consumers to make informed purchasing decisions. This document review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of government-endorsed nutrition labeling policies related to nutrient declaration, nutrition claims, and supplementary nutrition information enforced worldwide.MethodsWe searched two nutrition policy databases, the Global database on the Implementation of Food and Nutrition Action (GIFNA) and the NOURISHING database, and government websites of some selected countries for the government-endorsed nutrition labeling policies published up to June 2023. We narrated the policy adopting countries' distribution by WHO regions, mode of implementation (voluntary or mandatory), and types of front-of-pack labels implemented.ResultsGlobally, we found that 95 countries have mandatory policies for nutrient declarations on packages of processed products. These include 41 countries in Europe, 19 in America, 14 in the Western Pacific, nine in Africa, seven in the Eastern Mediterranean region, and five countries from South-East Asia. Additionally, 71 countries have policies on the use of nutrient claims like “fat-free,” “excellent source,” and “fortified.” European region has the highest number of countries (37) that have rules on nutrient claims. Front-of-pack labeling (FOPL) policies have been introduced in 44 countries as supplementary nutrition information. Of these, 16 countries have adopted FOPL as mandatory, while others have implemented it voluntarily. The FOPL systems include warning labels, keyhole logo, health star rating, traffic light labeling, nutri-score, and healthy choice logos.ConclusionOver recent years, the number of countries adopting mandatory nutrition labeling policies, especially FOPLs, has increased globally. Labeling policies should be evidence-based and follow the best practices to protect consumers from unhealthy nutrients and promote healthy eating. FOPL designs need to be selected based on country-specific evidence of effectiveness and appropriateness, avoiding industry influence.
Antibiotic exposure and risk of overweight/obesity in children: a biomonitoring-based study from eastern Jiangsu, China
Authors: Sun Huamin , Huang Jianping , Zhou Yijing , Guo Xinying , Jiao Man , Zhu Xingchen , Tan Weiwei , Zhang Weibing 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo describe antibiotic exposure in children and explore its association with overweight/obesity.MethodsIn June 2022, 328 kindergarten and primary school children were selected from Nantong city in Jiangsu Province. Questionnaires were distributed, and morning urine samples were obtained. Total urinary concentrations of 41 antibiotics were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The rates of antibiotic exposure were expressed as percentages (%), specific percentiles (P95 and P99), and the maximum values were used to describe the concentration of antibiotics. The association between urinary antibiotic creatinine-adjusted and overweight/obesity was analyzed using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 328 children were initially recruited, of which 295 aged 3–8 years met the inclusion criteria and were finally included in the study. The biomonitoring results revealed that 35 antibiotics were detected, with a total detection frequency of 98.31%. Among the included children, 24.75% were classified as overweight/obesity. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations between overweight/obese and exposure to veterinary antibiotics (VAs) and preferred veterinary antibiotics (PVAs). After adjusting for various overweight/obesity-relevant variables, higher exposure to sulfamethoxazole [OR = 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.17–4.70], norfloxacin (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.01–7.08), and fluoroquinolones (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.02–3.78) were significantly associated with overweight/obesity (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, after stratification by sex and adjustment for confounding variables, sex-specific differences were observed in the association between antibiotic exposure and overweight/obesity. Notably, these associations were predominantly observed among boys.ConclusionChildren were extensively exposed to antibiotics. Exposure to certain types of veterinary antibiotics and preferred veterinary antibiotic exposure, mainly through food or drinking water, are associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity in children.
Fish sensor network: WSN application for fishermen
Authors: Suherman  , Al-Akaidi Marwan 
Published: November 2024

The scarcity of marine life caused by shallow waters and pollution has pushed fishermen to venture up to 10 km offshore, where clearer waters offer richer fish resources, but at much higher fuel costs. This situation has caused increased unemployment, so many fishermen have changed professions. This is exacerbated by seasonal variations and resource limitations. This research introduces a fish sensor network (FSN), which is designed to equip floating fish houses (FADs) with network-connected fish sensors. The proposed network allows fishermen to find locations with high fish populations, thereby reducing fuel costs and increasing fishing efficiency. This article presents preliminary findings, identifies potential challenges including natural factors such as wind, waves, currents, corrosion, and radio propagation, as well as man-made obstacles such as traffic density and physical measurements at the research site in Belawan, Indonesia. Additionally, this paper briefly discusses the energy availability that poses further challenges.
Global insights: ChatGPT's influence on academic and research writing, creativity, and plagiarism policies
Authors: Malik Muhammad Abid , Amjad Amjad Islam , Aslam Sarfraz , Fakhrou Abdulnaser 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe current study explored the influence of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) on the concepts, parameters, policies, and practices of creativity and plagiarism in academic and research writing.MethodsData were collected from 10 researchers from 10 different countries (Australia, China, the UK, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Nigeria, Trinidad and Tobago, and Turkiye) using semi-structured interviews. NVivo was employed for data analysis.ResultsBased on the responses, five themes about the influence of ChatGPT on academic and research writing were generated, i.e., opportunity, human assistance, thought-provoking, time-saving, and negative attitude. Although the researchers were mostly positive about it, some feared it would degrade their writing skills and lead to plagiarism. Many of them believed that ChatGPT would redefine the concepts, parameters, and practices of creativity and plagiarism.DiscussionCreativity may no longer be restricted to the ability to write, but also to use ChatGPT or other large language models (LLMs) to write creatively. Some suggested that machine-generated text might be accepted as the new norm; however, using it without proper acknowledgment would be considered plagiarism. The researchers recommended allowing ChatGPT for academic and research writing; however, they strongly advised it to be regulated with limited use and proper acknowledgment.
Comparison of teleportation and walking in virtual reality in a declarative learning task
Authors: Rihs Michael , Steuri Rahel A. , Aeschlimann Sarah A. , Mast Fred W. , Dobricki Martin 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionVirtual reality (VR) offers new possibilities for learning in educational settings by navigating through large 3D virtual environments. When designing VR-based learning applications, developers have to decide between different locomotion techniques to navigate through VR. Since physical activity and walking have been shown to enhance learning, physical walking in VR should increase learning compared to locomotion techniques without physical activity.MethodsIn this study, we examined if learners who are able to walk freely in VR differ regarding their declarative knowledge acquisition from learners who are teleported in VR.ResultsLearning outcomes did not differ between these two conditions, neither immediately after learning in VR nor after a one-day delay. Also, participants’ sense of presence in the virtual environment did not differ between the two conditions.DiscussionThese findings suggest that both teleportation and walking are suitable for declarative knowledge acquisition in VR, and that teleportation may be sufficient enough.
Parent-Adolescent Relationship, Escape Motive and Problematic Internet Use Among University Students: Gender in Context
Authors: Afraz Yusra , Masood Sobia , Zulfiqar Najia , Sahar Namood-e 
Published: November 2024

Objective. Present study attempted to assess problematic internet use among university students as affectedby parent-adolescent relationships and escape motive; such that, escape motive mediates the relationshipbetween parent-adolescent relationship and problematic internet use.

Method. Data were collected through purposive sampling technique from students (N = 585, M = 21.62years) in public and private universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Results. It was conceptualized that secure parent-adolescent relationship negatively associates with escapemotive and problematic internet use, whereas escape motive positively associates with problematic internetuse. Gender was added to the model as a covariate. Mediation analysis demonstrated that escape motivesignificantly mediated association between secure parent-adolescent relationship and problematic internet useirrespective of an individual’s gender (p < .001). Secure parent-adolescent relationship was negativelyassociated with low escape motive and problematic internet use.

Implications. Study presented empirical evidence for parents’ role in shaping children’s behaviours.Secure parent-adolescent relationship help reduce development of escape motive which is associated toproblematic internet use among university students. It could help develop an intervention for addressingescape motive and hence reducing the problematic internet use.
Perspective of Professional Integrity in University Teachers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kokab Saniya 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Teachers play a vital role in our education system. It is important for teachers to have integrity and ethical standards. The present study was conducted to unveil the perception of Professional Integrity in university teachers.
Method. Purposive sample of hundred and four university teachers (n = 104) belonging to different departments were drawn from four public sector universities of Lahore and Islamabad. Their age of university teachers ranged from 25 to 62 years. Open ended questionnaire was constructed keeping in view the previous literature and model about integrity. The questionnaire was administered online due to the outburst of pandemic (Covid-19).
Results. The responses were analyzed by using thematic analysis. Eight themes were derived namely professionalism, honesty, positive attributes, negative attributes, attitude with colleagues, attitude with students, quality of teaching, morality, institutional factors and research integrity.
Conclusion. The study revealed various factors that influence teachers’ integrity. This study has implications for the universities to enhance professional integrity in teachers. Teachers can be trained incorporate professional integrity in their academic journey.
ЭЛЕКТРОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ КОРРЕЛЯТЫ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ
Authors: B.B. Александрова 
Published: November 2024

В данной работе рассмотрены вопросы электрофизиологических коррелятов эмоциональных проявлений, вызванные потенциалы головного мозга, возникающие в ответ на предъявление зрительных образов и эмоционально значимых ситуаций. Эмоциональные различия в реакции на зрительную стимуляцию должны отражаться в электрической активности мозга, в частности, в его спектральных характеристиках и проявлении эмоциональных реакций на электроэнцефалограмме человека при восприятии эмоционально значимых и эмоционально нейтральных стимулов.
This paper examines the issues of electrophysiological correlates of emotional manifestations, evoked potentials of the brain that arise in response to the presentation of visual images and emotionally significant situations. Emotional differences in the response to visual stimulation should be reflected in the electrical activity of the brain, in particular, in its spectral characteristics and the manifestation of emotional reactions on the human electroencephalogram when perceiving emotionally significant and emotionally neutral stimuli.
ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ И КОГНИТИВНЫХ ФУНКЦИЙ У ЮНОШЕЙ И ДЕВУШЕК Г. МАГАДАНА
Authors: М.А. Рябова 
Published: November 2024

В статье представлены результаты исследования психофизиологических особенностей центральный нервной системы (ЦНС) и когнитивных функций юношей и девушек г. Магадана. Сравнительный анализ показателей психофизиологических особенностей нервной системы в зависимости от гендерной принадлежности выявил значимые различия в функциональном состоянии ЦНС молодежи г. Магадана. У юношей выше скорость зрительно-моторной реакции (p<0,05), регистрируется более высокий уровень функционального состояния ЦНС (p<0,05), выше устойчивость реакции (p<0,05) и уровень функциональных возможностей нервной системы (p<0,05) в отличие от показателей девушек, где выявлено преобладание процессов инертности в регуляции деятельности ЦНС. Когнитивные функции у обеих групп обследуемых характеризуется низкой устойчивостью внимания. Данные по параметрам кратковременной зрительной памяти соответствует оптимальному уровню мнемических процессов у молодых жителей-северян в независимости от пола.
The article presents the results of a study of the psychophysiological characteristics of the central nervous system (CNS) and cognitive functions of young men and women in Magadan. A comparative analysis of indicators of psychophysiological characteristics of the nervous system depending on gender revealed significant differences in the functional state of the central nervous system of young people in Magadan. Young men have a higher speed of visual-motor reaction (p<0,05), a higher level of the functional state of the central nervous system (p<0,05), a higher stability of the reaction (p<0,05) and a higher level of functional capabilities of the nervous system (p< 0,05) in contrast to the indicators of young women, where the predominance of inertia processes in the regulation of central nervous system activity was revealed. Cognitive functions in both groups of subjects are characterized by low stability of attention. Data on the parameters of short-term visual memory correspond to the optimal level of mnemonic processes in young northern residents, regardless of gender.