bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia: A new risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Perea Verónica , Bertran Berta , Bellart Jordi , Orois Aida , Giménez Marga , Conget Ignacio , Vinagre Irene 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) on metabolic control and pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes.Material and MethodsThis was a single‐centre prospective cohort study of singleton pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. IAH was assessed at the first antenatal visit using Clarke's test (score ≥ 3). Data on metabolic control, hypoglycaemic events, and the lipid profile were collected from prior to pregnancy and in each trimester of gestation. Pregnancy outcomes were also recorded.ResultsA total of 77 patients with type 1 diabetes were included; 24 (31.2%) were classified as having IAH. Compared with the normal awareness of hypoglycaemia (NAH) group, the IAH group did not show differences in HbA1c, weight gain, insulin doses, or severe and nonsevere hypoglycaemia events throughout pregnancy. IAH was associated with higher triglyceride concentrations in the second trimester (IAH: 154.8 ± 61.1 mg/dL, NAH: 128.6 ± 31.2 mg/dL, P = .034) and an increased risk of neonatal respiratory distress (odds ratio [OR] 11.24; 95% CI, 1.01‐124.9, P = .041) in adjusted models. Increased risk of pre‐eclampsia was related to higher second trimester triglyceride concentrations (OR 1.028; 95% CI, 1.004‐1.053, P = .023) adjusted for confounders.ConclusionsThe IAH was associated with increased risk of neonatal respiratory distress and pre‐eclampsia, despite showing no differences in metabolic control. Hypoglycaemia awareness in the first antenatal visit should be assessed to identify the subgroup of pregnant women with increased risk of complications.
Disentangling monitoring programs: design, analysis, and application considerations
Authors: Janousek William M. , Hahn Beth A. , Dreitz Victoria J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMonitoring programs are an essential tool for assessing and informing conservation efforts but the methods used to gather monitoring data directly influence results. This presents a challenge to conservation professionals when deciding on existing data to inform a given question. We illustrate the challenges of using monitoring data by comparing population trends from two large‐scale avian monitoring programs in the western United States: the Breeding Bird Survey and Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions programs. We used publicly available data to compare trend trajectory between 2008 and 2015 for 148 species across Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming. Trends were inconsistent for 62% of the comparisons, with species having opposite trends in 21 cases. The inconsistencies found within our species comparisons reflect the inherent differences between program sampling design and analytical approach. Periodically revisiting how and why we monitor natural resources is necessary to advance conservation and management as the lessons learned from long‐standing programs guide the development of more recent efforts. Our results emphasize that prior to management actions and policy decisions, managers must be aware of both the sampling design and appropriate ecological inference of any monitoring program.
Understanding the margin squeeze: Differentiation in fitness‐related traits between central and trailing edge populations of Corallina officinalis
Authors: Kolzenburg Regina , Nicastro Katy R. , McCoy Sophie J. , Ford Alex T. , Zardi Gerardo I. , Ragazzola Federica 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAssessing population responses to climate‐related environmental change is key to understanding the adaptive potential of the species as a whole. Coralline algae are critical components of marine shallow water ecosystems where they function as important ecosystem engineers. Populations of the calcifying algae Corallina officinalis from the center (southern UK) and periphery (northern Spain) of the North Atlantic species natural distribution were selected to test for functional differentiation in thermal stress response. Physiological measurements of calcification, photosynthesis, respiration, growth rates, oxygen, and calcification evolution curves were performed using closed cell respirometry methods. Species identity was genetically confirmed via DNA barcoding. Through a common garden approach, we identified distinct vulnerability to thermal stress of central and peripheral populations. Southern populations showed a decrease in photosynthetic rate under environmental conditions of central locations, and central populations showed a decline in calcification rates under southern conditions. This shows that the two processes of calcification and photosynthesis are not as tightly coupled as previously assumed. How the species as whole will react to future climatic changes will be determined by the interplay of local environmental conditions and these distinct population adaptive traits.OPEN RESEARCH BADGESThis article has earned an Open Materials Badge for making publicly available the components of the research methodology needed to reproduce the reported procedure and analysis. All materials are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.899568.
Genetic profiling of a chondroblastoma‐like osteosarcoma/malignant phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor of bone reveals a homozygous deletion of CDKN2A, intragenic deletion of DMD, and a targetable FN1‐FGFR1 gene fusion
Authors: Saba Karim H. , Cornmark Louise , Rissler Marianne , Fioretos Thoas , Åström Kristina , Haglund Felix , Rosenberg Andrew E. , Brosjö Otte , Nord Karolin H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConventional osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone. This group of neoplasms is subclassified according to specific histological features, but hitherto there has been no correlation between subtype, treatment, and prognosis. By in‐depth genetic analyses of a chondroblastoma‐like osteosarcoma, we detect a genetic profile that is distinct from those previously reported in benign and malignant bone tumors. The overall genomic copy number profile was less complex than that typically associated with conventional osteosarcoma, and there was no activating point mutation in any of H3F3A, H3F3B, IDH1, IDH2, BRAF, or GNAS. Instead, we found a homozygous CDKN2A deletion, a DMD microdeletion and an FN1‐FGFR1 gene fusion. The latter alteration has been described in phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor. This tumor type shares some morphological features with chondroblastoma‐like osteosarcoma and we cannot rule out that the present case actually represents an FN1‐FGFR1 positive malignant phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor of bone without osteomalacia.
Mixed convective flow in a bottom heated lid‐driven cubical cavity: Energy streamlines and field synergy
Authors: Rani Hari Ponnamma , Narayana Vekamulla , Rameshwar Yadagiri 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnalysis of three dimensional natural convective lid‐driven cavity flow is carried out numerically. The top wall is assumed to slide in its own plane at a constant speed. Isothermal temperature is maintained at horizontal walls in which the bottom wall is assumed to be at a higher temperature than the top wall. Governing equations of this problem, expressed in dimensionless form are solved by using the finite volume method. Numerical results are computed for the control parameters arising in the system, namely, the Reynolds number (Re) and Richardson number (Ri) in the range of 100 ≤ Re ≤ 1000 and 0.001 ≤ Ri ≤ 10. The contours of isotherms, streamlines, Vortex corelines, energy pathlines, and field synergy are used to visualize the flow and thermal characteristics. The simulated results are corroborated with those available in the literature. When Re = 100 and 400 with growth of Ri there are "free" energy streamlines and they exhibited symmetric nature near the boundaries. The participation of convective thermal energy and kinetic energy is insignificant compared to conductive thermal energy, where the velocity components are modest. When Re = 1000 with increase of Ri, "trapped" energy streamlines are detected. Energy streamlines occupy substantial part. This is due to the result of high Re, with increasing Ri, kinetic energy and convective thermal energy get dominated and hence "trapped" streamlines formed. As Re increases, synergy angle increases for distinct Ri values. So the synergy between temperature and velocity gets worse. The synergy angle of buoyant‐aiding flow is high while the buoyant‐opposing flow is significantly less than that of forced convection flow when Ri = 1. This gives the relation between temperature field and velocity at buoyant‐aiding flow, which is at the worst situation leading to increasing average Nusselt number.
Ice processes on medium‐sized north‐temperate lakes
Authors: Ariano Sarah S. , Brown Laura C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLake ice supports a range of socio‐economic and cultural activities including transportation and winter recreational actives. The influence of weather patterns on ice‐cover dynamics of temperate lakes requires further understanding for determining how changes in ice composition will impact ice safety and the range of ecosystem services provided by seasonal ice cover. An investigation of lake ice formation and decay for three lakes in Central Ontario, Canada, took place over the course of two winters, 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, through the use of outdoor digital cameras, a Shallow Water Ice Profiler (upward‐looking sonar), and weekly field measurements. Temperature fluctuations across 0°C promoted substantial early season white ice growth, with lesser amounts of black ice forming later in the season. Ice thickening processes observed were mainly through meltwater, or midwinter rain, refreezing on the ice surface. Snow redistribution was limited, with frequent melt events limiting the duration of fresh snow on the ice, leading to a fairly uniform distribution of white ice across the lakes in 2015–2016 (standard deviations week to week ranging from 3 to 5 cm), but with slightly more variability in 2016–2017 when more snow accumulated over the season (5 to 11 cm). White ice dominated the end‐of‐season ice composition for both seasons representing more than 70% of the total ice thickness, which is a stark contrast to Arctic lake ice that is composed mainly of black ice. This research has provided the first detailed lake ice processes and conditions from medium‐sized north‐temperate lakes and provided important information on temperate region lake ice characteristics that will enhance the understanding of the response of temperate lake ice to climate and provide insight on potential changes to more northern ice regimes under continued climate warming.
Involvement of PIN‐like domain nucleases in tRNA processing and translation regulation
Authors: Gobert Anthony , Bruggeman Mathieu , Giegé Philippe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransfer RNAs require essential maturation steps to become functional. Among them, RNase P removes 5′ leader sequences of pre‐tRNAs. Although RNase P was long thought to occur universally as ribonucleoproteins, different types of protein‐only RNase P enzymes were discovered in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Interestingly, all these enzymes belong to the super‐group of PilT N‐terminal‐like nucleases (PIN)‐like ribonucleases. This wide family of enzymes can be subdivided into major subgroups. Here, we review recent studies at both functional and mechanistic levels on three PIN‐like ribonucleases groups containing enzymes connected to tRNA maturation and/or translation regulation. The evolutive distribution of these proteins containing PIN‐like domains as well as their organization and fusion with various functional domains is discussed and put in perspective with the diversity of functions they acquired during evolution, for the maturation and homeostasis of tRNA and a wider array of RNA substrates. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 2019 © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(8):1117–1125, 2019
Light‐emitting diode irradiation using 660 nm promotes human fibroblast HSP90 expression and changes cellular activity and morphology
Authors: Choi Sun‐Hyang , Chang So‐Young , Biswas Raktim , Chung Phil‐Sang , Mo Sangjoon , Lee Min Young , Ahn Jin Chul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe evaluated changes in cell viability and morphology in response to low‐level light irradiation and underlying variations in the levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Human fibroblasts were irradiated with a light‐emitting diode (LED) array at 660 nm (50 mW for 15, 30, and 60 minutes). Cell viability and morphological changes were evaluated via epifluorescence analysis; we also assessed cell viability and length changes. The expression levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and various HSPs (HSP27, 60, 70, and 90) were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting and microarray analysis. After LED irradiation, cellular viability and morphology changed. Of the several HSPs analyzed, the HSP90 level increased significantly, suggesting that this protein played roles in the morphological and cellular changes. Thus, low‐level irradiation triggered cellular changes mediated by increased HSP90 expression; this may explain why skin irradiation enhances wound‐healing.
Bioadhesive and biodissolvable hydrogels consisting of water‐swellable poly(acrylic acid)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) complexes
Authors: Ito Tomoko , Otani Naoki , Fujii Kazuya , Mori Kentaro , Eriguchi Masazumi , Koyama Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFilms that can form bioadhesive hydrogels on wet biotissues absorbing blood or body fluids are useful for medical devices such as hemostats, adhesion barriers, wound dressings, and drug release devices. We focused on a hydrogen‐bonding polymer complex consisting of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). PAA is known as a tissue‐adhesive polymer. However, simple mixing of aqueous PAA and PVP solutions resulted in the formation of an insoluble nonadhesive precipitate. We developed a novel solid/solution interface complexation method to afford a PAA/PVP complex that forms a strongly bioadhesive hydrogel with low cytotoxicity. The complex hydrogel can be slowly dissociated and dissolved in the body. The formation of the complexes as well as their swelling and degradation behavior depended strongly on the molecular weights and cross‐linking densities of the component polymers. When the complex film was applied to a clipped incised jugular vein of a rat, it immediately formed a hydrogel and closed the incision. After removal of the clip, blood flowed through the vessel without any leakage. Application of the complex film to the surface of an incised mouse liver resulted in firm adhesion and the hemorrhage was effectively stopped. Such bioadhesive and biodissolvable materials consisting of low‐toxicity synthetic polymers have high potential for implantable medical devices.
The Prevalence of Osteoporosis in China, a Nationwide, Multicenter DXA Survey
Authors: Zeng Qiang , Li Na , Wang Qianqian , Feng Jian , Sun Dongmao , Zhang Qiu , Huang Jiyuan , Wen Qingxiang , Hu Rong , Wang Liang , Ma Yuanzheng , Fu Xiaoxia , Dong Shengyong , Cheng Xiaoguang 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA number of studies investigated the distribution of BMD values and the prevalence of osteoporosis in China, but their findings varied. Until now, a BMD reference database based on uniform measurements in a large-scale Chinese population has been lacking. A total of 75,321 Chinese adults aged 20 years and older were recruited from seven centers between 2008 and 2018. BMD values at the lumbar spine (L1–L4), femoral neck, and total femur were measured by GE Lunar dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry systems. BMD values measured in each center were cross-calibrated by regression equations that were generated by scanning the same European spine phantom 10 times at every center. Cubic and multivariate linear regression were performed to assess associations between BMD values and demographic variables. Sex-specific prevalence of osteoporosis was age-standardized based on the year 2010 national census data for the Chinese population. The sex-specific BMD values at each site were negatively associated with age, positively associated with body mass index levels, and lower in the participants from southwest China than in those from other geographic regions after multivariate adjustment. Furthermore, BMD values at the femoral neck and total femur decreased with the year of BMD measurement. The peak BMD values at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur were 1.088 g/cm2, 0.966 g/cm2, and 0.973 g/cm2, respectively, for men, and 1.114 g/cm2, 0.843 g/cm2, and 0.884 g/cm2, respectively, for women. The age-standardized prevalence of osteoporosis at the spine or hip was 6.46% and 29.13% for men and women aged 50 years and older, respectively. Currently a total of 10.9 million men and 49.3 million women in China are estimated to have osteoporosis. In our national examination of BMD, we found that BMD values differed by demographic characteristics. We estimated the age-standardize prevalence of osteoporosis in China to be 6.46% and 29.13% respectively, for men and women aged 50 years and older.
PSO‐based SMC variable step size P&O MPPT controller for PV systems under fast changing atmospheric conditions
Authors: Harrag Abdelghani , Messalti Sabir 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes an innovative technique for designing sliding mode maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller for photovoltaic (PV) systems under fast changing atmospheric conditions. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to find the optimal sliding mode controller (SMC) gains used to drive the variable step of the conventional perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm. The system operates in two modes: offline mode required for testing different set of SMC gains leading to optimum values; and online mode where the SMC optimum gains were used to drive the variable step of the P&O MPPT. The effectiveness of the proposed MPPT has been studied successfully using a Solarex MSX‐60 module connected to a boost DC‐DC converter powering a resistive load. Comparison study of the proposed MPPT with the classical fixed step P&O is presented showing a good efficiency and improvements of the proposed algorithm in transient, steady‐state, and dynamic responses, especially under fast changing atmospheric conditions. Besides using PSO to tune the SMC parameters, our main contribution consists of improving the performance of proposed algorithm to track effectively the maximum power point (MPP) with low oscillation, low ripple, low overshoot, and good rapidity in slow and fast changing atmospheric conditions compared with conventional P&O.
Chaos control and circuit implementation of a class of double‐wing chaotic system
Authors: Fan Tao , Tuo Xianguo , Li Heng , He Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to investigate stabilization problem of a class of double‐wing chaotic system and its circuit implementation. On the basis of a skillful method, a single‐state controller is proposed and analyzed. Comparing with recent works, the control scheme and its circuit implementation presented in this work are very simple and skillful. The circuit realization of the chaotic system and the control scheme are provided in detail. In addition, the numerical simulation, electrical simulation, and physical experiment results are discussed and presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Why did I say sorry? Apology motives and transgressor perceptions of reconciliation
Authors: Mu Frank , Bobocel D. Ramona 
Published: May 2019

SummaryDespite the importance of apology in reconciling interpersonal transgressions, little research has focused on the people engaging in the behavior. Why do transgressors apologize in the workplace, and do apology motives shape transgressor perceptions of reconciliation? We conducted three field studies using qualitative and quantitative methodologies to examine these questions. In Studies 1 and 2 (total N = 781), we identified four distinct apology motives—self‐blame, relational value, personal expedience, and fear of sanctions—and developed self‐report scales to measure the motives. In Study 3 (N = 420), we examined relations between apology motives and transgressor perceptions of victim forgiveness and relationship reconciliation through the lens of motivated cognition. We found that apologizing due to self‐blame, relational value, and personal expedience increases perceptions of victim forgiveness, whereas apologizing due to fear of sanctions decreases perceived forgiveness. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that motives indirectly influence transgressor perceptions of relationship reconciliation through perceived forgiveness. Taken together, our research presents a novel multidimensional perspective on apology‐giving in the workplace, suggesting that why transgressors apologize can affect their perceptions of reconciliation. Overall, our research highlights the need to incorporate transgressor cognitive and motivational processes into reconciliation research.
Does Quantification of Carotid Plaque Surface Irregularities Better Detect Symptomatic Plaques Compared to the Subjective Classification?
Authors: Rafailidis Vasileios , Chryssogonidis Ioannis , Grisan Enrico , Xerras Chrysostomos , Cheimariotis Grigorios‐Aris , Tegos Thomas , Rafailidis Dimitrios , Sidhu Paul S. , Charitanti‐Kouridou Afroditi 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the interobserver agreement of color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for quantification of carotid plaque surface irregularities and to correlate objective and subjective measures with stroke occurrence.MethodsThis work was an observational study involving 54 patients with 62 internal carotid artery or carotid bulb plaques (31 symptomatic) undergoing CDUS and CEUS between February 2016 and February 2018, with retrospective interpretation of prospectively acquired data. Plaques were included if causing moderate (50%–69%) or severe (70%–99%) stenosis based on velocity criteria, and their surface was classified as smooth, irregular, or ulcerated based on CEUS. The surface irregularities were quantified in the form of a surface irregularity index by 2 observers, based on CDUS and CEUS. The surface irregularity index was evaluated for interobserver agreement with CDUS and CEUS and correlated with the occurrence of stroke, as was the subjective characterization of the plaque surface.ResultsColor Doppler ultrasound and CEUS showed good interobserver agreement (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.979 and 0.952, respectively). Plaques were characterized as smooth in 30.6% of cases, irregular in 50%, and ulcerated in 19.4%. The subjective classification of the plaque surface did not correlate with stroke occurrence (P > .05, χ2). Surface irregularity index values were significantly higher for symptomatic plaques with both CDUS and CEUS (P < .05).ConclusionsColor Doppler ultrasound and CEUS can quantify carotid plaque surface irregularities with good interobserver agreement. The resulting quantitative measure was significantly higher in symptomatic plaques, whereas the subjective characterization of plaque surface failed to differ between symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques.