bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classifying Stage IV Lung Cancer From Health Care Claims: A Comparison of Multiple Analytic Approaches
Authors: Brooks Gabriel A. , Bergquist Savannah L. , Landrum Mary Beth , Rose Sherri , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSECancer stage is a key determinant of outcomes; however, stage is not available in claims-based data sources used for real-world evaluations. We compare multiple methods for classifying lung cancer stage from claims data.METHODSOur study used the linked SEER-Medicare data. The patient samples included fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with lung cancer from 2010 to 2011 (development cohort) and 2012 to 2013 (validation cohort) who received chemotherapy. Classification algorithms considered Medicare Part A and B claims for care in the 3 months before and after chemotherapy initiation. We developed a clinical algorithm to predict stage IV ( v I to III) cancer on the basis of treatment patterns (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy). We also considered an ensemble of claims-based machine learning algorithms. Classification methods were trained in the development cohort, and performance was measured in both cohorts. The SEER data were the gold standard for cancer stage.RESULTSDevelopment and validation cohorts included 14,760 and 14,620 patients with lung cancer, respectively. Validation analyses assessed clinical, random forest, and simple logistic regression algorithms. The best performing classifier within the development cohort was the random forests, but this performance was not replicated in validation analysis. Logistic regression had stable performance across cohorts. Compared with the clinical algorithm, the 14-variable logistic regression algorithm demonstrated higher accuracy in both the development (77% v 71%) and validation cohorts (77% v 73%), with improved specificity for stage IV disease.CONCLUSIONMachine learning algorithms have potential to improve lung cancer stage classification but may be prone to overfitting. Use of ensembles, cross-validation, and external validation can aid generalizability. Degradation of accuracy between development and validation cohorts suggests the need for caution in implementing machine learning in research or care delivery.
Protocol for a comparison study of 1-day (single dose) versus 2-day prophylactic antibiotic administration in Holmium Laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP): a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shigemura Katsumi , Yamamichi Fukashi , Nishimoto Kento , Kitagawa Koichi , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: May 2019

Background: The best method of antimicrobial prophylaxis administration for surgical site infection (SSI) in transurethral holmium laser resection and enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)/bipolar transurethral enucleation (TUEB) remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to compare one-day and two-day cefazolin in a randomized 2nd-phase study to help establish a protocol with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for SSI prevention. Methods: Patients undergoing HoLEP/TUEB for benign prostate hyperplasia without preoperative pyuria will be enrolled and randomized to receive prophylactic antibiotic administration for HoLEP/TUEB in two groups, 1-day (single dose) cefazolin and 2-day cefazolin. The primary endpoint is the occurrence rate of postoperative urinary tract infection or urogenital infection within 30 days after HoLEP/TUEB with a statistical 95% CI in comparison between those groups. Secondary outcomes include the kind of infectious disease and evidence of diagnosis, day of diagnosis of infectious disease, performance of urine or blood culture, detection of bacteria, treatments, duration of treatments, AEs other than surgical site infection, and drug-induced AEs. Discussion: The results of this study will provide evidence for defining the optimal duration of cefazolin prophylactic antibiotic administration for SSI. Trial registration: This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network-Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000027955) based on recommendations from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) on July 1st 2017.
Time perspective and associated factors in Brazilians living with HIV
Authors: de Oliveira Denize Cristina , Oliveira Daniela Sousa , Cecilio Hellen Pollyanna Mantelo , Apostolidis Thémistoklis , da Silva Coqueiro Raildo 
Published: May 2019

Background: a person's time perspective can be an important variable for the understanding of behaviours that interfere with the quality of life of people living with HIV. Aims: to analyse the relationships between socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioural variables and the time perspective in Brazilians living with HIV. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 281 people living with HIV in Brazil. The time perspective was evaluated using the Zimbardo Temporal Perspective Inventory (ZTPI-25). Results: the main findings indicate that people living with HIV are more oriented towards a future and positive past perspective, and that socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioural factors may influence the different temporal perspective constructs in people living with HIV. Conclusion: health professionals can use the results of the present study to support strategies that encourage individuals living with HIV to self-care and lead healthier lives.
Increased Inflammatory Activity in Patients 3 Months after Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Hjort Marcus , Eggers Kai M , Lindhagen Lars , Agewall Stefan , Brolin Elin B , Collste Olov , Daniel Maria , Ekenbäck Christina , Frick Mats , Henareh Loghman , Hofman-Bang Claes , Malmqvist Karin , Spaak Jonas , Sörensson Peder , Y-Hassan Shams , Tornvall Per , Lindahl Bertil 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAround 5%–10% of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) present with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). We aimed to assess pathophysiological mechanisms in MINOCA by extensively evaluating cardiovascular biomarkers in the stable phase after an event, comparing MINOCA patients with cardiovascular healthy controls and MI patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (MI-CAD).METHODSNinety-one biomarkers were measured with a proximity extension assay 3 months after MI in 97 MINOCA patients, 97 age- and sex-matched MI-CAD patients, and 98 controls. Lasso analyses (penalized logistic regression models) and adjusted multiple linear regression models were used for statistical analyses.RESULTSIn the Lasso analysis (MINOCA vs MI-CAD), 8 biomarkers provided discriminatory value: P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1, C-X-C motif chemokine 1, TNF-related activation-induced cytokine, and pappalysin-1 (PAPPA) with increasing probabilities of MINOCA, and tissue-type plasminogen activator, B-type natriuretic peptide, myeloperoxidase, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein with increasing probabilities of MI-CAD. Comparing MINOCA vs controls, 7 biomarkers provided discriminatory value: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, renin, NF-κ-B essential modulator, PAPPA, interleukin-6, and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor with increasing probabilities of MINOCA, and agouti-related protein with increasing probabilities of controls. Adjusted multiple linear regression analyses showed that group affiliation was associated with the concentrations of 7 of the 8 biomarkers in the comparison MINOCA vs MI-CAD and 5 of the 7 biomarkers in MINOCA vs controls.CONCLUSIONSThree months after the MI, the biomarker concentrations indicated greater inflammatory activity in MINOCA patients than in both MI-CAD patients and healthy controls, and a varying degree of myocardial dysfunction among the 3 cohorts.
Humans and Chimpanzees Display Opposite Patterns of Diversity in Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase Genes
Authors: Vangenot Christelle , Gagneux Pascal , de Groot Natasja G , Baumeyer Adrian , Mouterde Médéric , Crouau-Roy Brigitte , Darlu Pierre , Sanchez-Mazas Alicia , Sabbagh Audrey , Poloni Estella S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Among the many genes involved in the metabolism of therapeutic drugs, human arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) genes have been extensively studied, due to their medical importance both in pharmacogenetics and disease epidemiology. One member of this small gene family, NAT2, is established as the locus of the classic human acetylation polymorphism in drug metabolism. Current hypotheses hold that selective processes favoring haplotypes conferring lower NAT2 activity have been operating in modern humans’ recent history as an adaptation to local chemical and dietary environments. To shed new light on such hypotheses, we investigated the genetic diversity of the three members of the NAT gene family in seven hominid species, including modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. Little polymorphism sharing was found among hominids, yet all species displayed high NAT diversity, but distributed in an opposite fashion in chimpanzees and bonobos (Pan genus) compared to modern humans, with higher diversity in Pan species at NAT1 and lower at NAT2, while the reverse is observed in humans. This pattern was also reflected in the results returned by selective neutrality tests, which suggest, in agreement with the predicted functional impact of mutations detected in non-human primates, stronger directional selection, presumably purifying selection, at NAT1 in modern humans, and at NAT2 in chimpanzees. Overall, the results point to the evolution of divergent functions of these highly homologous genes in the different primate species, possibly related to their specific chemical/dietary environment (exposome) and we hypothesize that this is likely linked to the emergence of controlled fire use in the human lineage.
Image-Processing Techniques Applied to the Study of the Musculoskeletal System and Its Interactions with Biomaterials
Authors: Merolli A. , Leali P. Tranquilli 
Published: May 2019

Over the past decade, orthopedic surgery and related research have made increasing use of the opportunities offered by computers. Many clinical and research procedures rely on medical images (e.g., x-ray films and histology) and their numerical evaluation (e.g., geometric analysis and surface metrology). This has led to the development of computer applications in orthopedics, with computer graphics playing a fundamental role. The image-processing field has also been studied in greater depth, with a view toward enhancing systems automation.Image processing relies on capturing measurable variations in some image parameters (e.g., light intensity, color, and signal-to-noise ratio). The extracted numerical values then can be used to modify the source image. From this definition, image processing can be considered a measurement technique, and in this light it has been introduced into histomorpho-metrical practice.Image processing speeds up routine analysis procedures by evaluating, in a less tedious and quicker way, a greater number of images, parameters, or both. Semiautomated computerized image-processing systems have been in use for a long time, based on computer-assisted analysis of objects whose contours were tracked manually by a digitizing cursor. Histological images were, generally, projected from the microscope over a digitizing tablet, with the operator visually recognizing the structure of interest and picking up its contours. The critical advance brought to histomorphometry by semiautomated techniques has been the practical measurement of surface-related parameters.
A DNA-Based Methodology for Preparing Nanocluster Circuits, Arrays, and Diagnostic Materials
Authors: Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: May 2019

The following article is an edited transcript of the presentation given by Chad A. Mirkin (Northwestern University), recipient of the 1999 Outstanding Young Investigator award, at the 1999 Materials Research Society Spring Meeting on April 6 in San Francisco. Some examples of new work have been added to the transcript.Our group has been developing a couple of projects over the past few years, both of which deal with the general area of nanotechnology. We are very excited about this work because we think it will lead to a general methodology for preparing nanostructured materials from common inorganic building blocks and readily available DNA-interconnect molecules. The intellectual payoff from this work will be a greater understanding of the collective interactions between nanoscale building blocks in the context of organized materials, while the technological payoffs range from the development of new and useful types of DNA detection strategies, to highperformance catalysts, to the realization of bioelectronic nanocircuitry.The field of nanotechnology faces three main challenges. The first is to develop a combination of tools and materials that allows us to make small structures and control the architecture of large structures on the nanometer-length scale. Of course, we must be able to do this routinely before we can really explore this field in detail. The second important challenge is to determine the chemical and physical consequences of miniaturization, which is where the real science comes into play in nanotechnology.
THE RESEARCH ON THE HYDROLYSIS PROCESS OF EGG FROM SEA URCHIN TRIPNEUSTES GRATILLA (LINNAEUS, 1758) TO PRODUCE LOW QUANTITY PROTEIN BY USING INDUSTRIAL ENZYME ALCALASE
Authors: Dinh Kim Hoa Thi , Bich Hoang Thi , Long Pham Quoc , Toan Tran Quoc , Phuong Doan Lan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT – HCTN 82 The demand for the aquatic products has increased worldwide. In many cases, natural fisheries are overexploited and unable to satisfy the expanding market. Essential efforts to develop marine aquaculture, particularly for high value products, are encouraged and supported by many countries. Sea urchin is an invertebrate member of the phylum Echinodermata of marine animals living on the ocean floor. Recent years it has become increasingly important because of its economic potential, nutritional value and medicinal properties. The objective of this report is to build a process for increasing the value of egg of sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) collected in Hon Tam, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam in 2016. In this report, the industrial enzyme alcalase was used to hydrolysis protein to low quantity protein such as amino acids, oligopeptides that are considered as the valuable source of food.Keywords : Tripneustes gratilla, amino acids, hydrolysis, low quantity protein, sea urchin
A Practical Guide for the Follow-Up of Patients with Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma During Treatment with Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Dessinioti Clio , Plaka Mikaella , Soura Efthymia , Mortaki Despoina , Papaxoinis George , Gogas Helen , Stratigos Alexander J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

The Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HPIs), vismodegib and sonidegib, are increasingly employed in the treatment of patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The aim of this review is to create a synthesis of available information in the literature regarding the follow-up of patients with advanced BCC treated with HPIs and to provide the treating physician with a structured practical guide to standardize clinical practice. Several challenges during treatment are addressed: to optimally evaluate tumor responses, to differentiate between resistance (HPI rechallenge not possible) and recurrence (HPI rechallenge may be possible) in case of BCC regrowth, to readily assess for toxicity and tolerability issues, to provide patients with practical ways and behaviors to effectively cope with adverse events, and to improve patient adherence and quality of life.
Matching Human Unilateral AKI, a Reverse Translational Approach to Investigate Kidney Recovery after Ischemia
Authors: Soranno Danielle E. , Gil Hyo-Wook , Kirkbride-Romeo Lara , Altmann Christopher , Montford John R. , Yang Haichun , Levine Ani , Buchanan Jane , Faubel Sarah 
Published: May 2019

Significance Statement
Unilateral ischemia-reperfusion AKI (UiAKI) occurs during kidney-sparing surgeries, but the effect of ischemia duration on kidney injury or recovery remains unclear. Some have interpreted recent findings from a human study that described reassuring short-term outcomes after UiAKI, even with ischemia lasting up to an hour, as suggesting that the human kidney is remarkably tolerant to prolonged ischemia. Using a murine model matched to parameters of that human study, the authors described longer-term histologic and functional outcomes 14 and 28 days after UiAKI, finding increased fibrosis and reduced GFR in the injured kidney that corresponded to the duration of ischemia. These findings demonstrate that the duration of ischemia affects outcomes, including long-term kidney scarring and functional decline, and that short-term findings can be falsely reassuring.

Background
The duration of renal ischemia that is associated with (or leads to) renal injury in patients is uncertain, and a reverse translational research approach has been proposed to improve animal models of AKI to facilitate clinical translatability. We developed a two murine models of unilateral renal ischemia to match a recently published human study that investigated renal injury after unilateral renal ischemia during partial nephrectomy.

Methods
Eight 10-week-old C57BL/6 male mice underwent left UiAKI or sham procedure, with or without intra-operative ice packs. Functional, histological, and biomarker outcomes were followed at 2, 6 and 24 hours, or 14 or 28 days later. The 14 and 28 day cohorts were duplicated such that contralateral nephrectomy could be performed 3 days prior to sacrifice with functional measurements obtained to isolate the glomerular filtration rate of the injured kidney.

Results
The short-term outcomes correlated with the human study findings with urine and serum biomarkers of injury peaking around 24 hours and then normalizing, and reassuring immediate histological outcomes. Functional and histological outcomes at the later time-points (14 and 28 days) demonstrate an increase in fibrosis markers, and a reduction in glomerular filtration rate in the injured kidney, corresponding to the duration of ischemia, while serum and urine biomarkers remained reassuring.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that clinically available biomarkers of renal function are falsely reassuring against long-term injury following UiAKI, and that the duration of ischemia correlates with impaired function and increased fibrosis.
Przepływy graniczne niżówek w rzekach Lubelszczyzny
Authors: Raczyński Krzysztof 
Published: May 2019

<p>Najczęściej stosowaną metodą identyfikacji okresów niżówkowych jest metoda przepływów granicznych (TLM), w której za niżówkę uważa się okres, w którym przepływy opadają poniżej wartości przyjętego przepływu granicznego. W literaturze istnieją różne sposoby określania wartości tego parametru, jednakże ze względu na ich ilość, wybór odpowiedniego kryterium, nadal pozostaje kwestią subiektywną badacza. W niniejszej pracy zestawiono oraz poddano analizie najczęściej przyjmowane metody określania przepływu granicznego, a także podjęto próbę wskazania zalet i wad ich stosowania. Analizę przeprowadzono dla okresu hydrologicznego 1976 – 2013 w 17 przekrojach wodowskazowych położonych na obszarze Lubelszczyzny. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na wysoką odporność na zmiany wartości, ze względu na długość ciągów pomiarowych, przepływów granicznych określonych metodami Q<sub>90</sub> oraz Q<sub>87,5 </sub>odczytanych z krzywej czasu przewyższenia przepływu. Najniższe wartości poziomu granicznego wykazały, zbliżone do siebie, metoda SNQ oraz zmodyfikowana metoda Niesułowskiego. Z kolei najwyższe wartości przepływu granicznego uzyskano przy zastosowaniu metod WNQ oraz Q<sub>70</sub> co prowadziło do występowania długich niżówek nawet pięciokrotnie w ciągu roku. Ze względu na odmienne warunku hydrogeologiczne kryterium genetyczne nie było możliwe do zastosowania na rzekach położonych w obszarze nizinnym. Spośród analizowanych metod, do identyfikacji niżówek płytkich zaleca się stosowanie przepływu granicznego Q<sub>90</sub>, a w przypadku niżówek głębokich wartość SNQ.</p>
Naród jako fenomen właściwy Europie
Authors: Hroch Miroslav 
Published: May 2019

<p>W artykule przedstawiono dwie tezy, które nie zostały dotąd w nauce sformułowane: 1) europejskie narody nie powstały jako produkt „nacjonalizmu”, lecz są następstwem występującego w Europie – jako zjawisko towarzyszące modernizacji – asynchronicznego, głębokiego kryzysu tożsamości, w toku którego poddano w wątpliwość stare zależności i systemy wartości. Nowe protoobywatelskie społeczeństwo (mówiąc dokładnie: jego protagoniści) ukształtowało się następnie jako „naród”, przy czym pojęcie „naród” istniało już od wczesnych czasów nowożytnych i miało pozytywne konotacje, 2) administracja i jednostki władzy, które w obecnym świecie określa się po angielsku jako <em>nations</em>, są produktem fenomenu zwanego <em>nationalism</em> i nie należą do tej samej kategorii, co noszące to samo miano wspólnoty w Europie. Niejasne i wieloznaczne pojęcie <em>nationalism</em> jest mylnie stosowane jako instrument przyczynowej analizy procesów powstawania europejskich narodów. Prowadzi to do deformacji obrazu europejskiej historii oraz do nieproduktywnych i wiodących na bezdroża dyskusji o charakterze i sensie fenomenu o nazwie <em>nationalism</em>. Przy badaniu zjawiska narodów w Europie konieczne jest sprawdzanie pochodzenia pojęć i możliwych obszarów ich stosowania.</p>
Próba typologii myśli katastroficznej
Authors: Gawor Leszek 
Published: May 2019

<p>Na wstępie omówione jest pojęcie katastrofizmu jako czystej formy historiozoficznego pesymizmu finistycznego oraz jego relacja do idei kryzysu. Następnie wprowadzone są rozróżnienia w obrębie katastrofizmu pod względem zasięgu katastrofy (totalny bądź partykularny wymiar) oraz charakteru jej przebiegu (w sposób nieuchronny i nieodwracalny bądź jedynie hipotetyczny, alternatywny). Zestawienie tych dwóch ujęć katastrofizmu owocuje 4 wariantami myśli katastroficznej: 1. konsekwentnego katastrofizmu totalnego; 2. konsekwentnego katastrofizmu partykularnego; 3. alternatywnego katastrofizmu totalnego i 4. alternatywnego katastrofizmu partykularnego. Modele te są wykorzystane do sformułowania ogólnego określenia „katastrofizmu”.</p>
FRANSIZ EPİDEMİYOLOG ANTOINE FAUVEL’YE GÖRE 1849’DA KARADENİZ KARANTİNALARI
Authors: YALÇINKAYA Mehmet Alaaddin 
Published: May 2019

Osmanlı ülkesinde karantina uygulaması ilk olarak 1831’de İstanbul’da
başlamış ve başkentte kamu sağlığını korumaya yönelik kurumsallaşma
sağlandıktan sonra Anadolu’da pek çok yerde karantina idareleri tesis
edilmişti. Ancak bu kurumlar veba ve kolera görülmediği zamanlarda kapatılmış
ve sadece sahil karantina idareleri çalışır halde tutularak diğerleri
lağvedilmişti. Fakat bu sahil karantinalarının işleyişinde de pek çok eksiklik
vardı. 1838’de tesis edilen Meclis-i Tahaffuz’un en önemli görevi bu karantina
birimlerinin işleyişini takip etmekti. Bu bağlamda Şubat 1848’den itibaren
Meclis-i Tahaffuz’un Fransa delegesi olan Antoine Fauvel’nin Temmuz 1849’da
Osmanlı sınırları içindeki karantinaları denetlemekle görevli olan Avusturya
Sağlık Komisyonu ile Karadeniz’deki karantinaların teftişi sonrasında
hazırladığı rapor bu eksiklikleri göstermesi açısından önemli bilgiler
vermektedir. Fauvel İstanbul’un sıhhi güvenliği için çok önemli olan Sinop,
Samsun, Trabzon ve Batum karantinaları üzerinden Osmanlı karantina birimlerinin
durumuna ve işleyişine ışık tutmaktadır.