bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the psychological impact of active surveillance or active treatment in newly diagnosed favorable‐risk prostate cancer patients: A 9‐month longitudinal study
Authors: Ruane‐McAteer Eimear , Porter Sam , O'Sullivan Joe , Dempster Martin , Prue Gillian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the psychological impact of favorable‐risk prostate cancer (PCa) and associated treatment (active surveillance [AS] or active treatment [AT]), comparing prevalence and temporal variability of generalized anxiety, PCa‐specific anxiety, and depression symptoms.MethodsPCa patients were recruited at diagnosis prior to treatment decision‐making and completed questionnaires assessing anxiety (State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory short form [STAI‐6] and Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer [MAX‐PC]) and depression symptoms (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES‐D]) at four timepoints for 9 months. Non‐cancer controls were recruited via university staff lists and community groups. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance.ResultsFifty‐four PCa (AS n = 11, AT n = 43) and 53 non‐cancer participants were recruited. The main effect of time or treatment group were not statistically significant for CES‐D scores (P > .05). The main effect of treatment on STAI‐6 scores was significant (F2,73 = 4.678, .012) with AS patients reporting highest STAI‐6 scores (T1 M = 36.56; T2 M = 36.89, T3 M = 38.46; T4 M = 38.89). There was a significant main effect for time since diagnosis on MAX‐PC (F3,123 = 3.68, .01); AS patient scored higher than AT at all timepoints (T1 M = 10.33 vs 10.78; T2 M = 11.11 vs 11.30; T3 M = 13.44 vs 10.55; T4 M = 11.33 vs 8.88); however, both groups declined overall with time.ConclusionsMen undergoing AS had significantly higher anxiety symptoms than AT and non‐cancer participants, contradicting previous literature. This may be due to perceived inactivity of AS relative to traditional narratives of cancer treatment. Participant experiences appear to be less favorable relative to other international centers. Recommendations for future research and clinical practice include the need to improve diagnosis and treatment information provision particularly for lower risk patients.
Effects of dignity therapy on dignity, psychological well‐being, and quality of life among palliative care cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiao Jinnan , Chow Ka Ming , Liu Yunhong , Chan Carmen W.H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe review aims to identify available evidence related to the effects of dignity therapy on dignity, psychological well‐being, and quality of life (QoL) among patients with cancer under palliative care.MethodsThirteen electronic databases were searched for published articles in English or Chinese from inception to May 2018. Methodological rigour was assessed through the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for randomised controlled trials and quasi‐experimental studies. Sufficient data from four trials were statistically pooled with Review Manager; otherwise, a narrative summary was used.ResultsTen articles describing eight studies met the selection criteria and were included in the review. None of the studies met all JBI checklist criteria. Meta‐analysis results revealed that dignity therapy significantly improved dignity‐related distress in existential distress domain (mean differences [MD]: −0.26, 95% CI, −0.50 to −0.02, .03) and social support domain (MD: −0.23, 95% CI, −0.39 to −0.07, .004), but nonsignificant improved depression and anxiety. Narrative summaries indicated that dignity therapy exerted positive effects on patients' dignity, psychological well‐being, and QoL.ConclusionsDignity therapy is a promising approach to improve psychological well‐being among patients with cancer under palliative care. However, the effects of dignity therapy on dignity and QoL are inconsistent. Further extensive studies should measure the impact of dignity therapy through qualitative and quantitative approaches to establish outcomes in psychological well‐being. Studies with sensitivity to the cultural context within which dignity therapy applied should be conducted to explore its effects on patients with cancer at the early stages of illness trajectory.
Middle‐aged individuals’ sexual risk‐taking: Analysis of Swedish research and prevention policies
Authors: Lundström Mats , Ouis Pernilla 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article critically examines the basis for Swedish prevention strategies and policy documents concerning sexual risk‐taking, investigating in particular how risk‐taking is represented with respect to the group of middle‐aged, heterosexual individuals. These prevention strategies and policy documents seem to be built on an assumption that sexual relationships are limited to people having sex with individuals with the same sexual orientation, age, behaviour or drug use, an assumption that can be questioned. We have made a scoping review of existing research and examined Swedish national prevention strategies, analysing policy documents on sexual risk‐taking. The results demonstrate a lack of both research and interventions targeted at middle‐aged heterosexuals. We argue that research and interventions directed to heterosexuals have strong connections to fertility. Drawing on Loseke's theorization, the explanation might be that middle‐age sexual behaviour loses the “social problem game”. The blind spots observed in research and policy can also be explained by an agreement in normativity between the different claims‐makers, such as interest groups, policy‐makers and politicians.
Same‐sex marriage and the public policy process
Authors: Cravens Royal G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHow did same‐sex marriage come to be adopted as public policy in the United States? In this expository essay, I draw on multiple streams, social construction, and punctuated equilibrium theories to analyze the changes in policy definition, policy venue, the focusing events, indicators, and feedback which led to the placement of same‐sex marriage on the institutional agenda of the Supreme Court. I conclude that same‐sex marriage represents the policy solution to the problem of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) inequality which corresponded best with the political environment in the United States at the time of its endorsement by the Supreme Court. By synthesizing the social construction literature and critiques of same‐sex marriage derived from queer theory, however, I highlight the consequences of forgoing policy alternatives in favor of same‐sex marriage for LGBT people who do not fit dominant constructions of sexual minority identity.
Introduction: Connectivities Between Literature and Science in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Engelhardt Nina , Hoydis Julia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis introductory chapter situates the book in current discussions in the fields of literature and science studies and twenty-first-century fiction. It introduces the notion of ‘connectivities,’ understood to capture actual states as well as possibilities for connection, and distinguishes it from, respectively, the concepts of ‘two cultures’ and ‘networks’ to allow fresh and unburdened views on representations of science in contemporary fiction. Setting out the organisation of this volume in two main sections, the chapter explains the governing ideas of ‘human connectivities’ and ‘temporal connectivities’ and locates these in contemporary criticism, including conceptualisations of returns to realism and ethics, unbroken interest in the past and the future, and renegotiations of the traditionally speculative views of science fiction and its relations to mainstream literature.
A novel seed plants gene regulates oxidative stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Sujeeth Neerakkal , Mehterov Nikolay , Gupta Saurabh , Qureshi Muhammad K. , Fischer Axel , Proost Sebastian , Omidbakhshfard M. Amin , Obata Toshihiro , Benina Maria , Staykov Nikola , Balazadeh Salma , Walther Dirk , Fernie Alisdair R. , Mueller-Roeber Bernd , Hille Jacques , Gechev Tsanko S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOxidative stress can lead to plant growth retardation, yield loss, and death. Theatr7mutant ofArabidopsis thalianaexhibits pronounced tolerance to oxidative stress. Using positional cloning, confirmed by knockout and RNA interference (RNAi) lines, we identified theatr7mutation and revealed thatATR7is a previously uncharacterized gene with orthologs in other seed plants but with no homology to genes in lower plants, fungi or animals. Expression ofATR7-GFPfusion shows that ATR7 is a nuclear-localized protein. RNA-seq analysis reveals that transcript levels of genes encoding abiotic- and oxidative stress-related transcription factors (DREB19, HSFA2, ZAT10), chromatin remodelers (CHR34), and unknown or uncharacterized proteins (AT5G59390, AT1G30170, AT1G21520) are elevated inatr7. This indicates thatatr7is primed for an upcoming oxidative stress via pathways involving genes of unknown functions. Collectively, the data revealATR7as a novel seed plants-specific nuclear regulator of oxidative stress response.
Broccoli sprout supplementation in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer is difficult despite positive effects—results from the POUDER pilot study
Authors: Lozanovski Vladimir J. , Polychronidis Georgios , Gross Wolfgang , Gharabaghi Negin , Mehrabi Arianeb , Hackert Thilo , Schemmer Peter , Herr Ingrid 
Published: June 2019

SummaryPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive malignancy with short survival and limited therapeutic options. Broccoli sulforaphane is a promising new treatment due to the results of recent epidemiological, experimental and patient studies. Upon approval from the ethics committee and registration at ClinicalTrials.gov, 40 patients with palliative chemotherapy were placed into a placebo and treatment group in an unblinded fashion. Fifteen capsules with pulverized broccoli sprouts containing 90 mg/508 μmol sulforaphane and 180 mg/411 μmol glucoraphanin or methylcellulose were administered daily for up to 1 year. Twenty-nine patients were included in the treatment group and 11 patients were in the placebo group; these patients were followed for up to 1 year. The patient characteristics, overall survival and feasibility were assessed. Compared to those of the placebo group, the mean death rate was lower in the treatment group during the first 6 months after intake (day 30: 0%/18%, day 90: 0%/25%, and day 180: 25%/43%), and Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a higher survival rate. There was a high drop-out rate (72% in the treatment group and 55% in the placebo group) after 1 year. We concluded from the Karnofsky index that the broccoli sprouts did not impact patient’s self-care and overall abilities severely. The intake of 15 capsules daily was difficult for some patients, and the broccoli sprouts sometimes increased digestive problems, nausea and emesis. We did not obtain statistically significant results (p = 0.291 for the endpoint at day 180), but the knowledge about the feasibility is the basis for the development of new sulforaphane drugs.
Getting the facts right on born globals
Authors: Ferguson Shon , Henrekson Magnus , Johannesson Louise 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPolicymakers in several countries have recently taken steps to promote the rapid export expansion of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The goal of these policies has been to create successful export-intensive startups, which are often referred to as born globals. These measures are motivated by studies claiming that born global firms are disproportionately important for job creation and economic growth. Using detailed register data on the universe of Swedish manufacturing startups founded 1998–2014, we find that born globals are a very small group of firms whose long-run size and growth do not outperform other exporting firms. We also show that removing continuing firms and spinouts from the analysis is crucial for obtaining correct results. Thus, the notion that born globals are superior to firms that follow a more gradual internationalization process, a conclusion largely based on case studies and surveys, does not withstand scrutiny. Policymakers must therefore be aware that encouraging more born globals need not necessarily lead to large benefits for the overall economy, especially in terms of employment.
Confirmation of the five-factor structure of the Parent Global Report version of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire in a Polish community sample
Authors: Święcicka Małgorzata , Woźniak-Prus Małgorzata , Gambin Małgorzata , Stolarski Maciej 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSince parenting practices have been shown to play an important role in the development of a child’s emotional, cognitive and social functioning, it is important to reliably measure this construct across various cultures and countries. A widely used instrument to assess parenting practices is the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ). However, no previous studies have verified the five-factor structure of this measure using confirmatory factor analysis. The aim of this study was to verify factor structure and examine psychometric properties of the Parent Global Report version of the APQ in a Polish sample. A total of 911 mothers and 497 fathers of children in the age range of 6–13 years from the community sample completed the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire as well as the Rating Scales for Parents assessing symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the five-factor model is characterized by a good fit in the Polish sample of mothers and quite a good fit in the sample of fathers. The Polish version of the APQ has a good construct validity. Children’s ODD symptoms were positively correlated with negative parenting practices and negatively with positive parenting practices. Children’s ADHD symptoms were the most strongly correlated with the inconsistent discipline subscale. Relations between ADHD and ODD symptoms and positive parenting practices were lower than with negative parenting practices. Our study confirms the five-factor structure of the Polish version of the APQ for parents and shows that parenting practices can be reliably measured in a Polish sample with the use of the Parent Global Report version of the APQ.
Blood amyloid levels and risk of dementia in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study (GEMS): A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Lopez Oscar L. , Chang Yuefang , Ives Diane G. , Snitz Beth E. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Carlson Michelle C. , Rapp Stephen R. , Williamson Jeffrey D. , Tracy Russell P. , DeKosky Steven T. , Kuller Lewis H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionBoth high or low plasma amyloid levels have been associated with risk of dementia in nondemented subjects.MethodsWe examined baseline plasma β‐amyloid (Aβ) levels in relationship to incident dementia during a period of 8.5 years in 2840 subjects age >75 years; 2381 were cognitively normal (CN) and 450 mild cognitive impairment.ResultsIncreased plasma Aβ1‐40 and Aβ1‐42 levels were associated with gender (women), age, low education, creatinine levels, history of stroke, and hypertension. CN participants who developed dementia had lower levels of Aβ1‐42 and Aβ1‐42/Aβ1‐40 ratio compared with those who did not. Aβ levels did not predict dementia in mild cognitive impairment participants.DiscussionThere was an inverse association between Aβ1‐42 and Aβ1‐42/Aβ1‐40 ratio to risk of dementia in CN participants. Cerebral and cardiovascular disease and renal function are important determinants of increased Aβ levels and must be considered in evaluations of relationship of plasma Aβ and subsequent risk of dementia.
A clinical study of newly-diagnosed colorectal cancer over 2 years in a gastroenterology center in Iraq
Authors: Alrubaie Abdulhadi , Alkhalidi Nawal , Abd-Alhusain Summar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy affecting about one million individuals each year. The etiology for most cases of CRC appears to be related to environmental factors. This study to describe the main characteristics of this malignancy regarding age, gender, and anatomical sub site distribution, as well as the main presenting symptoms in Iraqi patients.
Patients and methods Patients with newly-diagnosed CRC by colonoscopy findings and confirmed by histopathological examination of endoscopic colonic biopsies were studied.
Results Sixty three cases with a newly-diagnosed CRC were included in this study. There were 31 (49.2%) males and 32 (50.8%) females. CRC peaked in the 60–69 years old age group (p < 0.05), more than 60% were between 40 and 69 years old. Fresh bleeding per rectum was the most common symptom occurred in 48 (76.2%) patients; while the least common was weight loss (19%). The mean duration of symptoms before referral was 7.3 ± 12.6 months. The tumor sites of the CRC were the rectum and sigmoid region seen in 77.8% (p < 0.05), the rectum alone reported in 37 patients (58.7%); followed by sigmoid colon in 12 (19%) patients, cecum in 7 (11.1%) patients and the ascending colon seen in 2 (3.2%) patients.
Conclusions In this study CRC occurs in relatively younger age groups in comparison to studies in the developed countries with rectal cancer predominates of all colorectal cancers.
Prevalence of Sexual Problems and Associated Distress in Aging Men Across 4 European Countries
Authors: Hald Gert Martin , Graham Cynthia , Štulhofer Aleksandar , Carvalheira Ana , Janssen Erick , Træen Bente 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Among older men, comparable cross-cultural investigations of sexual problems and associated distress that also include a multitude of relevant explanatory variables of these sexual problem and related distress are rare in the research literature.

Aims
To investigate prevalence rates of sexual problems and associated distress among older men across 4 European countries (Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal) and assess for associated mental and physical health–related factors.

Methods
Multinational cross-sectional questionnaire study using self-report measures.

Outcomes
Prevalence rates of sexual problems and associated distress levels.

Results
We found a high prevalence of sexual problems persisting for months or longer across countries, but noted that many affected men experienced minimal or no distress related to these problems. We also found marked cross-cultural differences in reported distress about sexual problems, with southern European men (ie Portugal) reporting significantly more distress related to the majority of sexual problems investigated compared with northern European men (ie Denmark and Norway). Finally, we identified several relational, physical, and mental health problems associated with the reported number of sexual problems and the distress related to these problems.

Clinical Implications
We suggest that healthcare professionals also target distress when considering sexual problems among older men and contextualize these considerations within a multifactorial approach to general health in which (other) mental and physical health factors relevant to these patients’ sexual health and function are also jointly considered.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths of this study include the large sample size, inclusion of participants from 4 European countries, assessment of distress associated with sexual problems, and similar research design and method of data collection across the 4 included countries. Limitations of the study include the cross-sectional design, which precludes causal conclusions; the low response rate in the Portuguese sample; the lack of homosexual participants; and the lack of comprehensive assessments of dyadic factors that may be of relevance to sexual problems and associated distress.

Conclusion
This study identified a high prevalence of sexual problems persisting for 3 months or longer among older men across 4 European countries, but also found that many of the men with sexual problems experienced minimal or no distress related to these problems.
How to Close the Gender Gap in Political Participation: Lessons from Matrilineal Societies in Africa
Authors: Robinson Amanda Lea , Gottlieb Jessica 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile gender gaps in political participation are pervasive, especially in developing countries, this study provides systematic evidence of one cultural practice that closes this gap. Using data from across Africa, this article shows that matrilineality – tracing kinship through the female line – is robustly associated with closing the gender gap in political participation. It then uses this practice as a lens through which to draw more general inferences. Exploiting quantitative and qualitative data from Malawi, the authors demonstrate that matrilineality's success in improving outcomes for women lies in its ability to sustain more progressive norms about the role of women in society. It sets individual expectations about the gendered beliefs and behaviors of other households in the community, and in a predictable way through the intergenerational transmission of the practice. The study tests and finds evidence against two competing explanations: that matrilineality works through its conferral of material resources alone, or by increasing education for girls.
Polyandry and trade-off between fecundity and longevity in female Dichelops furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Cingolani M.F. , Roggiero M.F. , Barakat M.C. , Liljesthröm G.G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA trade-off is a relationship between two life history characteristics principally reproduction and adult longevity that are fundamental in predicting the optimal life history in any given environment. Mating is indispensable for sexual reproduction, but also can impose risks to females. Nevertheless, in the majority of insects, females allow multiple mating. Dichelops furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a pest of wheat and corn in Argentina and southern Brazil, but little is known about its reproduction (i.e., the characteristics of the process that results in offspring). We analyzed reproductive attributes of D. furcatus, and the effect of single mating vs. multiple matings, evaluating the trade-off between fecundity and adult female longevity. We found that mating is not required for D. furcatus to oviposit, and multiple copulations were costly in terms of reduced longevity. Although multicopulated females lived a shorter period, only the pre- and post-reproductive periods were shortened. Fecundity was not affected but fertility was incremented in multicopulated females. Females copulated only once oviposited most of the eggs in the first half of the reproductive period, while eggs oviposited in the second half were all inviable (did not hatch). Studying demographic attributes of phytophagous insects provides relevant information to better understand the population dynamics of pests.