bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Detachment Folds in the Mexican Ridges Foldbelt, Western Gulf of Mexico Basin
Authors: Yarbuh I. , González‐Fernández A. , Spelz‐Madero R. M. , Negrete‐Aranda R. , Contreras J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExamples of natural folds growing in a homogenous mechanical stratigraphy of alternating competent and incompetent thin layers of fine‐ and coarse‐grained sediments are examined, and the fold growth process is quantified. Our analysis reveals that the overall response to loading of siliciclastic sequences corresponds to that of flexural flow and parallel‐to‐bedding heterogeneous pure shear. Folds start out as low‐amplitude sinusoidal disturbances that rapidly become finite‐amplitude folds of heterogeneous strain. We also derive the following scaling relations: (i) degree of amplification scales with both the height above the detachment and strain, (ii) wavelength selectivity broadens with increasing strain, and (iii) deposition of syn‐sedimentary geometries is function of strain. These relations are a natural consequence of idealized area‐preserving laws of fold growth. From these results we devise a method to estimate fold strain by means of an amplitude versus depth diagram. We are also able to define a progression of fold shape change as a function of the fundamental parameter strain. Initially, structures grow by limb rotation and the selective amplification of a single dominant wavelength giving rise to sinusoidal folds. When strain reaches ~8%, softening/plastic yielding around hinges results in the development of sharp fold profiles. Limbs lock their dips at 35°–45°, suggesting that growth in this stage is permitted by hinge mobility along ramps and blind faults. Moreover, hinge migration causes fold development to accelerate spontaneously. These findings suggest that conclusions relating periods of accelerated erosion/uplift in contractional structures to tectonic processes should be treated with caution.
Magma Ascent and Eruption Triggered by Cratering on the Moon
Authors: Michaut Chloé , Pinel Virginie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOn the Moon, the low‐density crust exerts a strong filter to magma ascent. Many lunar craters are filled with mare, and evidence of pyroclastic activity and shallow magmatism is often located within craters called floor‐fractured craters (FFCs). Interpreting quantitative observations on mare‐filled craters and FFCs based on mechanical models, we show that a surface unloading caused by an impact crater provides a driving overpressure to the magma stalling at depth. This overpressure counterbalances the melt negative buoyancy, favoring its ascent through the crust. Providing a large unloading and a thin crust, magma can ascend up to the crater floor. FFC characteristics are consistent with a magma denser than the crust by 200–300 kg/m3 and an elastic lithosphere thickness larger than 70 km. Our study suggests that small impact cratering likely induced magmatism and thereby crustal evolution in the early times of terrestrial planets.
Characteristics of Bay of Bengal Monsoon Depressions in the 21st Century
Authors: Rastogi Deeksha , Ashfaq Moetasim , Leung L. Ruby , Ghosh Subimal , Saha Anamitra , Hodges Kevin , Evans Katherine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe show that 21st century increase in radiative forcing does not significantly impact the frequency of South Asian summer monsoon depressions (MDs) or their trajectories in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 general circulation models (GCMs). A significant relationship exists between the climatological occurrences of MDs and the strength of the background upper (lower) tropospheric meridional (zonal) winds and tropospheric moisture in the core genesis region of MDs. Likewise, there is a strong relationship between the strength of the meridional tropospheric temperature gradient in the GCMs and the trajectories of MDs over land. While monsoon dynamics progressively weakens in the future, atmospheric moisture exhibits a strong increase, limiting the impact of changes in dynamics on the frequency of MDs. Moreover, the weakening of meridional tropospheric temperature gradient in the future is substantially weaker than its inherent underestimation in the GCMs. Our results also indicate that future increases in the extreme wet events are dominated by nondepression day occurrences, which may render the monsoon extremes less predictable in the future.
Stabilizing Effect of Compositional Viscosity Contrasts on Thermochemical Piles
Authors: Heyn Björn H. , Conrad Clinton P. , Trønnes Reidar G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe large low shear velocity provinces observed in the lowermost mantle are widely accepted as chemically distinct thermochemical “piles,” but their origin and long‐term evolution remain poorly understood. The survival time and shape of the large low shear velocity provinces are thought to be mainly controlled by their compositional density, while their viscosity has been considered less important. Based on recent constraints on chemical reactions between mantle and core, a more complex viscosity structure of the lowermost mantle, possibly including high viscosity thermochemical pile material, seems reasonable. In this study, we use numerical models to identify a trade‐off between compositional viscosity and density contrasts required for long‐term stability of thermochemical piles, which permits lower‐density and higher‐viscosity piles. Moreover, our results indicate more restrictive stability conditions during periods of strong deformation‐induced entrainment, for example, during initial pile formation, which suggests long‐term pile survival.
Emerging insights into HAUSP (USP7) in physiology, cancer and other diseases
Authors: Bhattacharya Seemana , Chakraborty Dipankar , Basu Malini , Ghosh Mrinal K 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHerpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP) is a USP family deubiquitinase. HAUSP is a protein of immense biological importance as it is involved in several cellular processes, including host-virus interactions, oncogenesis and tumor suppression, DNA damage and repair processes, DNA dynamics and epigenetic modulations, regulation of gene expression and protein function, spatio-temporal distribution, and immune functions. Since its discovery in the late 1990s as a protein interacting with a herpes virus regulatory protein, extensive studies have assessed its complex roles in p53-MDM2-related networks, identified numerous additional interacting partners, and elucidated the different roles of HAUSP in the context of cancer, development, and metabolic and neurological pathologies. Recent analyses have provided new insights into its biochemical and functional dynamics. In this review, we provide a comprehensive account of our current knowledge about emerging insights into HAUSP in physiology and diseases, which shed light on fundamental biological questions and promise to provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Self-assembly of metal–organic polyhedra into supramolecular polymers with intrinsic microporosity
Authors: Carné-Sánchez Arnau , Craig Gavin A. , Larpent Patrick , Hirose Takashi , Higuchi Masakazu , Kitagawa Susumu , Matsuda Kenji , Urayama Kenji , Furukawa Shuhei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDesigned porosity in coordination materials often relies on highly ordered crystalline networks, which provide stability upon solvent removal. However, the requirement for crystallinity often impedes control of higher degrees of morphological versatility, or materials processing. Herein, we describe a supramolecular approach to the synthesis of amorphous polymer materials with controlled microporosity. The strategy entails the use of robust metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) as porous monomers in the supramolecular polymerization reaction. Detailed analysis of the reaction mechanism of the MOPs with imidazole-based linkers revealed the polymerization to consist of three separate stages: nucleation, elongation, and cross-linking. By controlling the self-assembly pathways, we successfully tuned the resulting macroscopic form of the polymers, from spherical colloidal particles to colloidal gels with hierarchical porosity. The resulting materials display distinct microporous properties arising from the internal cavity of the MOPs. This synthetic approach could lead to the fabrication of soft, flexible materials with permanent porosity.
Thermally-induced reversible structural isomerization in colloidal semiconductor CdS magic-size clusters
Authors: Zhang Baowei , Zhu Tingting , Ou Mingyang , Rowell Nelson , Fan Hongsong , Han Jiantao , Tan Lei , Dove Martin T. , Ren Yang , Zuo Xiaobing , Han Shuo , Zeng Jianrong , Yu Kui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStructural isomerism of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals has been largely unexplored. Here, we report one pair of structural isomers identified for colloidal nanocrystals which exhibit thermally-induced reversible transformations behaving like molecular isomerization. The two isomers are CdS magic-size clusters with sharp absorption peaks at 311 and 322 nm. They have identical cluster masses, but slightly different structures. Furthermore, their interconversions follow first-order unimolecular reaction kinetics. We anticipate that such isomeric kinetics are applicable to a variety of small-size functional nanomaterials, and that the methodology developed for our kinetic study will be helpful to investigate and exploit solid–solid transformations in other semiconductor nanocrystals. The findings on structural isomerism should stimulate attention toward advanced design and synthesis of functional nanomaterials enabled by structural transformations.
Dissecting ribosomal particles throughout the kingdoms of life using advanced hybrid mass spectrometry methods
Authors: van de Waterbeemd Michiel , Tamara Sem , Fort Kyle L. , Damoc Eugen , Franc Vojtech , Bieri Philipp , Itten Martin , Makarov Alexander , Ban Nenad , Heck Albert J. R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiomolecular mass spectrometry has matured strongly over the past decades and has now reached a stage where it can provide deep insights into the structure and composition of large cellular assemblies. Here, we describe a three-tiered hybrid mass spectrometry approach that enables the dissection of macromolecular complexes in order to complement structural studies. To demonstrate the capabilities of the approach, we investigate ribosomes, large ribonucleoprotein particles consisting of a multitude of protein and RNA subunits. We identify sites of sequence processing, protein post-translational modifications, and the assembly and stoichiometry of individual ribosomal proteins in four distinct ribosomal particles of bacterial, plant and human origin. Amongst others, we report extensive cysteine methylation in the zinc finger domain of the human S27 protein, the heptameric stoichiometry of the chloroplastic stalk complex, the heterogeneous composition of human 40S ribosomal subunits and their association to the CrPV, and HCV internal ribosome entry site RNAs.
Reducing histone acetylation rescues cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome
Authors: Li Yue , Stockton Michael E. , Eisinger Brian E. , Zhao Yinghua , Miller Jessica L. , Bhuiyan Ismat , Gao Yu , Wu Zhiping , Peng Junmin , Zhao Xinyu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent inherited intellectual disability, resulting from a loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Patients with FXS suffer lifelong cognitive disabilities, but the function of FMRP in the adult brain and the mechanism underlying age-related cognitive decline in FXS is not fully understood. Here, we report that a loss of FMRP results in increased protein synthesis of histone acetyltransferase EP300 and ubiquitination-mediated degradation of histone deacetylase HDAC1 in adult hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). Consequently, FMRP-deficient NSCs exhibit elevated histone acetylation and age-related NSC depletion, leading to cognitive impairment in mature adult mice. Reducing histone acetylation rescues both neurogenesis and cognitive deficits in mature adult FMRP-deficient mice. Our work reveals a role for FMRP and histone acetylation in cognition and presents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for treating adult FXS patients.
A promiscuous cytochrome P450 aromatic O-demethylase for lignin bioconversion
Authors: Mallinson Sam J. B. , Machovina Melodie M. , Silveira Rodrigo L. , Garcia-Borràs Marc , Gallup Nathan , Johnson Christopher W. , Allen Mark D. , Skaf Munir S. , Crowley Michael F. , Neidle Ellen L. , Houk Kendall N. , Beckham Gregg T. , DuBois Jennifer L. , McGeehan John E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMicrobial aromatic catabolism offers a promising approach to convert lignin, a vast source of renewable carbon, into useful products. Aryl-O-demethylation is an essential biochemical reaction to ultimately catabolize coniferyl and sinapyl lignin-derived aromatic compounds, and is often a key bottleneck for both native and engineered bioconversion pathways. Here, we report the comprehensive characterization of a promiscuous P450 aryl-O-demethylase, consisting of a cytochrome P450 protein from the family CYP255A (GcoA) and a three-domain reductase (GcoB) that together represent a new two-component P450 class. Though originally described as converting guaiacol to catechol, we show that this system efficiently demethylates both guaiacol and an unexpectedly wide variety of lignin-relevant monomers. Structural, biochemical, and computational studies of this novel two-component system elucidate the mechanism of its broad substrate specificity, presenting it as a new tool for a critical step in biological lignin conversion.
KMT2D/MLL2 inactivation is associated with recurrence in adult-type granulosa cell tumors of the ovary
Authors: Hillman R. Tyler , Celestino Joseph , Terranova Christopher , Beird Hannah C. , Gumbs Curtis , Little Latasha , Nguyen Tri , Thornton Rebecca , Tippen Samantha , Zhang Jianhua , Lu Karen H. , Gershenson David M. , Rai Kunal , Broaddus Russell R. , Futreal P. Andrew 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdult-type granulosa cell tumors of the ovary (aGCTs) are rare gynecologic malignancies that exhibit a high frequency of somatic FOXL2 c.C402G (p.Cys134Trp) mutation. Treatment of relapsed aGCT remains a significant clinical challenge. Here we show, using whole-exome and cancer gene panel sequencing of 79 aGCTs from two independent cohorts, that truncating mutation of the histone lysine methyltransferase gene KMT2D (also known as MLL2) is a recurrent somatic event in aGCT. Mono-allelic KMT2D-truncating mutations are more frequent in recurrent (10/44, 23%) compared with primary (1/35, 3%) aGCTs (p = 0.02, two-sided Fisher’s exact test). IHC detects additional non-KMT2D-mutated aGCTs with loss of nuclear KMT2D expression, suggesting that non-genetic KMT2D inactivation may occur in this tumor type. These findings identify KMT2D inactivation as a novel driver event in aGCTs and suggest that mutation of this gene may increase the risk of disease recurrence.
The Open Translational Science in Schizophrenia (OPTICS) project: an open-science project bringing together Janssen clinical trial and NIMH data
Authors: Wilcox Marsha A. , Savitz Adam J. , Addington Anjené M. , Gray Gary S. , Guinan Eva C. , Jackson John W. , Lehner Thomas , Normand Sharon-Lise , Ranu Hardeep , Senthil Geetha , Spertus Jake , Valeri Linda , Ross Joseph S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClinical trial data are the gold standard for evaluating pharmaceutical safety and efficacy. There is an ethical and scientific imperative for transparency and data sharing to confirm published results and generate new knowledge. The Open Translational Science in Schizophrenia (OPTICS) Project was an open-science initiative aggregating Janssen clinical trial and NIH/NIMH data from real-world studies and trials in schizophrenia. The project aims were to show the value of using shared data to examine: therapeutic safety and efficacy; disease etiologies and course; and methods development. The success of project investigators was due to collaboration from project applications through analyses, with support from the Harvard Catalyst. Project work was independent of Janssen; all intellectual property was dedicated to the public. Efforts such as this are necessary to gain deeper insights into the biology of disease, foster collaboration, and to achieve the goal of developing better treatments, reducing the overall public health burden of devastating brain diseases.
Green and facile synthesis of few-layer graphene via liquid exfoliation process for Lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lin Pin-Chun , Wu Jhao-Yi , Liu Wei-Ren 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA green and facile method using jet cavitation (JC) was utilized to prepare few layer graphene (FLG) derived from artificial graphite delamination without adding any strong acids and oxidants. The JC method not only provides high quality FLG with high yield but also demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as BET isotherms and XPS are carried out in this study. The results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) further revealed that up to 85% of the prepared FLG were less than 10 layers. This exfoliation process happened mainly due to the cavitation-induced intensive tensile stress acting on the layered materials. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that graphite anode delivered only 240 mAh/g while FLG anode achieved more than 322 mAh/g at 5C rate test. These results indicate that JC method not only paves the way for cheaper and safer production of graphene but also holds great potential applications in energy-related technology.
The Effect of Arctic Dust on the Retrieval of Satellite Derived Sea and Ice Surface Temperatures
Authors: Vincent R. F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLarge quantities of dust are transported annually to the Arctic, primarily from Asian deserts. The influx of dust into the polar environment changes the radiative properties of clouds while the deposition of dust onto ice and snow decreases the surface albedo. Atmospheric and surface dust may be identified with space borne radiometers by comparing infrared energy in the 11 μm and 12 μm regime. Between 2007 and 2017 satellite infrared data revealed persistent low-level dust clouds in the vicinity of Amundsen Gulf in the Western Canadian Arctic during the melting season. Evidence suggests that the subsequent deposition of atmospheric dust in the region affected the surface emissivity in the thermal infrared regime. As a result, satellite derived sea and ice surface temperature algorithms were rendered inaccurate in these areas. Moreover, the ubiquitous nature of dust in the region may play a role in the rapidly vanishing cryosphere.
Coccolith dissolution within copepod guts affects fecal pellet density and sinking rate
Authors: White Meredith M. , Waller Jesica D. , Lubelczyk Laura C. , Drapeau David T. , Bowler Bruce C. , Balch William M. , Fields David M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe most common biomineral produced in the contemporary ocean is calcium carbonate, including the polymorph calcite produced by coccolithophores. The surface waters of the ocean are supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate. As a result, particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), such as calcite coccoliths, is not expected thermodynamically to dissolve in waters above the lysocline (~4500–6000 m). However, observations indicate that up to 60–80% of calcium carbonate is lost in the upper 500–1000 m of the ocean. This is hypothesized to occur in microenvironments with reduced saturation states, such as zooplankton guts. Using a new application of the highly precise 14C microdiffusion technique, we show that following a period of starvation, up to 38% of ingested calcite dissolves in copepod guts. After continued feeding, our data show the gut becomes increasingly buffered, which limits further dissolution; this has been termed the Tums hypothesis (after the drugstore remedy for stomach acid). As less calcite dissolves in the gut and is instead egested in fecal pellets, the fecal pellet sinking rates double, with corresponding increases in pellet density. Our results empirically demonstrate that zooplankton guts can facilitate calcite dissolution above the chemical lysocline, and that carbon export through fecal pellet production is variable, based on the feeding history of the copepod.
Serotonin and YAP/VGLL4 Balance Correlated with Progression and Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Shu Bo , Zhai Mimi , Miao Xiongying , He Chao , Deng Chaolin , Fang Yu , Luo Ming , Liu Luyao , Liu Sushun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractYAP-TEAD complex plays an important role in tumorigenesis. 5-HT is proved to upregulate YAP expression by our previous study and VGLL4 is found to compete with YAP for binding to TEAD in several of cancers. Here, we investigated whether 5-HT could affect progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and regulate YAP/VGLL4 balance. We found that 5-HT and YAP/VGLL4 ratio were higher in HCC patients and closely related with progression and poor prognosis. Furthermore, 5-HT level, YAP/VGLL4 ratio and tumor size were proved as independent risk factors of HCC patients in our study. Based on the independent risk factors, nomogram was established to exactly predict prognosis of HCC patients. Additionally, the study revealed that a higher total point of the nomogram was closely correlated with poorer prognosis. As a result, 5-HT might contribute to the progression and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating YAP/VGLL4 balance. Therefore, the established nomogram based on the independent risk factors may become an important part of HCC prediction system and YAP/VGLL4 balance may be a potential therapeutic target in future.
A cylindrical assembly model and dynamics of the Ebola virus VP40 structural matrix
Authors: Pavadai Elumalai , Gerstman Bernard S. , Chapagain Prem P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Ebola filovirus causes severe hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate in humans. The primary structural matrix protein VP40 displays transformer-protein characteristics and exists in different conformational and oligomeric states. VP40 plays crucial roles in viral assembly and budding at the plasma membrane of the infected cells and is capable of forming virus-like particles without the need for other Ebola proteins. However, no experimental three-dimensional structure for any filovirus VP40 cylindrical assembly matrix is currently available. Here, we use a protein-protein docking approach to develop cylindrical assembly models for an Ebola virion and also for a smaller structural matrix that does not contain genetic material. These models match well with the 2D averages of cryo-electron tomograms of the authentic virion. We also used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the stability and dynamics of the cylindrical models and the interactions between the side-by-side hexamers to determine the amino acid residues that are especially important for stabilizing the hexamers in the cylindrical ring configuration matrix assembly. Our models provide helpful information to better understand the assembly processes of filoviruses and such structural studies may also lead to the design and development of antiviral drugs.