bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic online obesity treatment in primary care: a hybrid randomized clinical trial of implementation strategies
Authors: Goldstein Carly M. , Panza Emily , Hayes Jacqueline F. , Thomas J. Graham , O’Leary Kevin , Wing Rena R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOnline behavioral weight loss (BWL) in primary care is effective and disseminable. This trial compared two implementation approaches on program uptake, use, and weight loss via a pragmatic hybrid type 2 implementation-effectiveness design to evaluate online BWL implementation (Rx Weight Loss [RxWL]) and effectiveness. This manuscript presents the implementation results. RxWL was implemented across a state-wide network of primary care clinics using lower- and higher-intensity implementation strategies (Basic [base program] and Enhanced [base plus enhanced training and dashboard], respectively) between 2018 and 2022. Nurse care managers (NCMs; N = 23) were recruited and block-randomized to implementation condition. Adult primary care patients (body mass index [BMI] > 25 kg/m2, internet-connected device access) were referred and enrolled by their NCMs. Outcomes were the proportion of eligible patients who enrolled in and completed RxWL by NCM condition, initial weight loss and regain over 12 and 24 months by NCM condition, and clinician acceptability and feasibility. NCMs (N = 12 Enhanced, N = 11 Basic) in Enhanced enrolled more patients (N = 490) than in Basic (N = 164). Although the proportion of patients who completed RxWL and mean weight loss did not differ by condition, different enrollment rates resulted in the Enhanced condition engaging more patients. NCMs rated RxWL as acceptable and feasible with no difference by condition. Findings support connecting primary care patients with technology-based health behavior change programs. Clinical trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.Gov identifier NCT03488212: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03488212. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03488212.
Energy landscape of conformational changes for a single unmodified protein
Authors: Peters Matthew , Zhao Tianyu , George Sherin , Truong Viet Giang , Nic Chormaic Síle , Ying Cuifeng , Nome René A. , Gordon Reuven 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResolving the free energy landscapes that govern protein biophysics has been obscured by ensemble averaging. While the folding dynamics of single proteins have been observed using fluorescent labels and/or tethers, a simpler and more direct measurement of the conformational changes would not require modifications to the protein. We use nanoaperture optical tweezers to resolve the energy landscape of a single unmodified protein, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), and quantify changes in the three-state conformation dynamics with temperature. A Markov model with Kramers’ theory transition rates is used to model the dynamics, showing good agreement with the observed state transitions. This first look at the intrinsic energy landscape of proteins provides a transformative tool for protein biophysics and may be applied broadly, including mapping out the energy landscape of particularly challenging intrinsically disordered proteins.
Cyclic stretch regulates epithelial cell migration in a frequency dependent manner via intercellular vinculin recruitment
Authors: Dow Liam P. , Surace Stacey , Morozov Katrene , Kennedy Reagan , Pruitt Beth L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe epithelial microenvironment is incredibly dynamic, subjected to mechanical cues including cyclic stretch. While cyclic cell stretching platforms have revealed epithelial cell reorientation and gap formation, few studies have investigated the long-term effects of cyclic stretch on cell migration. We measured the migratory response of the epithelium to a range of physiologically relevant frequencies and stretch. Our results indicate that lower stretch frequencies (i.e., 0.1 Hz) suppress epithelial migration, accompanied by cell reorientation and high cell shape solidity. We found that this response is also accompanied by increased recruitment of vinculin to cell-cell contacts, and this recruitment is necessary to suppress cell movements. These results confirm the mechanosensitive nature of vinculin within the adherens junction, but independently reveal a novel mechanism of low frequency stress response in supporting epithelial integrity by suppressing cell migration.
Endothelin-1 receptor blockade impairs invasion patterns in engineered 3D high-grade serous ovarian cancer tumouroids
Authors: Pape Judith , Cheema Umber , Tocci Piera , Sestito Rosanna , Masi Ilenia , Loizidou Marilena , Bagnato Anna , Rosanò Laura 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC), accounting for 70–80% of ovarian cancer deaths, is characterized by a widespread and rapid metastatic nature, influenced by diverse cell types, cell–cell interactions, and acellular components of the tumour microenvironment (TME). Within this tumour type, autocrine and paracrine activation of the endothelin-1 receptors (ET-1R), expressed in tumour cells and stromal elements, drives metastatic progression. The lack of three-dimensional models that faithfully recapitulate the unique HG-SOC TME has been the bottleneck in performing drug screening for personalized medicine. Herein, we developed HG-SOC tumouroids by engineering a dense central artificial cancer mass (ACM) containing HG-SOC cells, nested within a compressed hydrogel recapitulating the stromal compartment comprising type I collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and stromal cells (fibroblasts and endothelial cells). ET-1-stimulated HG-SOC cells in the tumouroids showed an altered migration pattern and formed cellular aggregates, mimicking micrometastases that invaded the stroma. Compared with control cells, ET-1-stimulated tumouroids showed a higher number of invasive bodies, which were reduced by treatment with the dual ET-1 receptor (ET-1R) antagonist macitentan. In addition, ET-1 increased the size of the invading aggregates compared with control cells. This study establishes an experimental 3D multicellular model eligible for mechanical research, investigating the impact of matrix stiffness and TME interactions, which will aid drug screening to guide therapeutic decisions in HG-SOC patients.
On weighted sum‐rate maximization of full‐duplex systems in presence of STAR‐RIS
Authors: Kavianinia Mohammad Reza , Emadi Mohammad Javad , Sedaghat Mohammad Ali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractReflecting intelligent surface (RIS) is one of the key enabling technologies for beyond fifth generation wireless networks to further improve coverage, spectral‐ and energy‐efficiency of wireless networks. Recently, a novel simultaneous transmission and reflection RIS (STAR‐RIS) technology is introduced which enables more degrees‐of‐freedom in simultaneously serving users in reflection and transmission regions of RIS. This paper investigates a STAR‐RIS assisted two‐user full‐duplex communication system, wherein multi‐antenna base station (BS) and single‐antenna users are subject to maximum power constraints. Firstly, weighted sum rates are computed for three well‐known STAR‐RIS protocols, e.g. energy splitting, mode selection, and time splitting. Then, for each of the cases, weighted sum rate optimization problem is investigated to find optimal resource allocations, i.e. base station's precoding and combining matrices, coefficients of STAR‐RIS, and power allocations. The optimization problem is transferred into multiple convex sub‐problems using equivalent weighted minimum mean‐square‐error forms. Also, by use of the successive convex approximation method, tunable parameters of the STAR‐RIS are optimized. Although the original problem is a non‐convex one, proposed iterative alternating technique achieves an acceptable sub‐optimal performance. Finally, performance of the system is analysed and compared to some baselines to highlight superiority of the STAR‐RIS compared to the conventional RIS schemes.
Analysis of error rates and capacity outage of wireless links under jamming and multipath signal fading
Authors: Mietzner Jan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe author addresses the question, under which conditions an active jammer will be successful in corrupting a wireless communication link, when both the desired link and the jamming link are subject to multipath signal fading. To this end, a simple closed‐form analytical expression is derived for the resulting block‐error probability (BLEP) under Nakagami‐ fading with in general unequal fading parameters for the desired and the jamming link. As a by‐product, a novel expression for the corresponding probability of a capacity outage is obtained. An asymptotic analysis and numerical evaluation of the BLEP expression show that in the single‐antenna case the jammer will indeed be successful in corrupting the wireless link, unless there is a rather high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) advantage for the desired link. This even holds true, when signal fading for the jamming link is significantly more severe than for the desired link. Finally, the case of multiple antennas is considered and the benefits of array processing and diversity reception at the desired receiver are explored. It is found that receive array processing can significantly improve the resulting BLEP, provided that the desired link is characterized by favorable fading conditions. On the other hand, diversity reception can significantly improve the BLEP, if the desired link has favorable SNR conditions.
An adaptive distance protection scheme considering fault resistance, injected current, and structural changes in the power system
Authors: Mohtashami Majid , Noghabi Abbas Saberi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFaults in power systems occur for various reasons, such as aging or natural disasters. Detecting, locating, and promptly clearing these faults is crucial for maintaining the safety and reliability of transmission lines (TLs). Distance relays (DRs), which protect TLs, detect faults, estimate their location, and send the required commands. However, these relays may experience mis‐detection due to manipulated impedance arising from both internal and external factors. These factors include measurement device errors, network topology changes, the presence of fault resistance (FR), and injected currents from remote line terminals. To address this challenge, an innovative adaptive protection scheme that considers FR, changes in network topology, and injected current from the opposite end of the line is proposed. By estimating the equivalent circuit impedances (ECIs) of the network connected to the terminal of the TL, this protection scheme utilizes impedance estimation techniques at the line terminals and offline network information. Simulation studies (tested on the IEEE 39‐bus standard network) show that the proposed scheme accurately estimates fault location (FL) and FR with high precision. The simulation results demonstrate its effectiveness in improving the performance of conventional distance protection relays in both the first and second protection zones ( and ).
A single‐inductor self‐powered SECE interface circuit for dynamic load multi‐PZTs energy harvesting
Authors: Sani Saman Shoorabi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere is always considerable inconsistency between the input energy and the amount of the energy required for the load in piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) energy harvesting interface circuits that often degrades the harvesting performance of most of them. Multiple piezoelectric transducers (multi‐PZTs) vibration scavenging may address this issue by enhancing input power and, consequently, environmental adaptability and reliability. The proposed interface circuit may extract energy from a PZT array regardless of each PZT amplitude, frequency, or phase, even under dynamic or heavy load circumstances. The circuit is thoroughly simulated by LTSpice software and evaluated by post‐simulation calculations and discussions. The simulation findings demonstrate that the proposed self‐powered (SP) SECE‐based multi‐PZT EH interface circuit, named MI‐SP‐SECE, can extract a peak power of 12.8 µW from three PZTs in the provided actual scenario at a dynamic load regime with a simulated excitation of 1.5 g and 50 Hz. The proposed circuit's energy integration and harvesting efficiencies are 75% and 85%, respectively. It can achieve a power enhancement of 2.8× relative to a multi‐input full‐bridge rectifier. In addition, the proposed circuit is scalable effectively because it requires just one inductor component.
Evaluation of green development of energy consumption in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration based on radial basis function neural network
Authors: Ye Xin‐yun , Huan Yi‐sha , Xu Hui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study utilizes the RBF neural network model to evaluate the green development of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, revealing a consistent increase in development levels from 2005 to 2020 despite notable inter‐city variations. The model adeptly handles complex interactions within urban green development, offering insights into comprehensive impacts and aiding in policy evaluation and optimization. It provides urban planners and decision‐makers with data‐driven support, enhancing the scientific basis and stability of policy‐making.
Wind speed probabilistic forecast based wind turbine selection and siting for urban environment
Authors: Sachar Shivangi , Shubham Shubham , Doerffer Piotr , Ianakiev Anton , Flaszyński Paweł 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWind energy being a free source of energy is becoming popular over the past decades and is being studied extensively. Integration of wind turbines is now being expanded to urban and offshore settings in contrast to the conventional wind farms in relatively open areas. The direct installation of wind turbines poses a potential risk, as it may result in financial losses in scenarios characterized by inadequate wind resource availability. Therefore, wind energy availability analysis in such urban environments is a necessity. This research paper presents an in‐depth investigation conducted to predict the exploitable wind energy at four distinct locations within Nottingham, United Kingdom. Subsequently, the most suitable location, Clifton Campus at Nottingham Trent University, is identified where a comprehensive comparative analysis of power generation from eleven different wind turbine models is performed. The findings derived from this analysis suggest that the QR6 wind turbine emerges as the optimal choice for subsequent experimental investigations to be conducted in partnership with Nottingham Trent University. Furthermore, this study explores the selection of an appropriate probability density function for assessing wind potential considering seven different distributions namely, Gamma, Weibull, Rayleigh, Log‐normal, Genextreme, Gumbel, and Normal. Ultimately, the Weibull probability distribution is selected, and various methodologies are employed to estimate its parameters, which are then ranked using statistical assessments.
Inferring the distribution of the ionising photon escape fraction
Authors: Kreilgaard Kimi C. , Mason Charlotte A. , Cullen Fergus , Begley Ryan , McLure Ross J. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The escape fraction of ionising photons from galaxies (fesc) is a key parameter for understanding how intergalactic hydrogen became reionised, but it remains mostly unconstrained. Measurements have been limited to the average value in galaxy ensembles and to handfuls of individual detections.
Aims. To help understand which mechanisms govern ionising photon escape, here we infer the distribution of fesc.
Methods. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian inference technique to estimate the population distribution of fesc from the ratio of Lyman continuum to non-ionising UV flux measured from broadband photometry. We applied it to a sample of 148 z ≃ 3.5 star-forming galaxies from the VANDELS spectroscopic survey.
Results. We explored four physically motivated distributions: constant, log-normal, exponential, and bimodal, and recovered ⟨fesc⟩≈5% for most models. We find the observations are best described by an exponential fesc distribution with scale factor μ =0.05−0.02+0.01. This indicates most galaxies in our sample exhibit very low escape fractions, while predicting substantial ionising photon leakage for only a few galaxies, implying a range of optical depths in the interstellar medium and/or time variability in ionising photon escape. We rule out a bimodal distribution at high significance, indicating that a purely bimodal model of ionising photon escape (due to very strong sightline and/or time variability) is not favoured. We compare our recovered exponential distribution with the SPHINX simulations and find that, while the simulation also predicts an exponential distribution, it significantly underpredicts our inferred mean. The distribution of fesc can be a vital test for simulations in understanding ionising photon leakage, and is important to consider to gain a complete picture of reionisation.
Exoplanets across galactic stellar populations with PLATO
Authors: Boettner C. , Viswanathan A. , Dayal P. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The vast majority of exoplanet discoveries to date have occurred around stars in the solar neighbourhood, with chemical compositions comparable to that of the Sun. However, models suggest that planetary systems in different Galactic environments, with varying dynamical histories and chemical abundances, may exhibit distinct characteristics, which can help improve our understanding of planet formation processes.
Aims. This study aims to assess the potential of the upcoming PLATO mission to investigate exoplanet populations around stars in diverse Galactic environments, specifically focusing on the Milky Way thin disk, thick disk, and stellar halo. We aim to quantify PLATO’s ability to detect planets in each environment and determine how these observations could constrain planet formation models.
Methods. Beginning with the all-sky PLATO Input Catalogue, we kinematically classified the 2.4 million FGK stars into their respective Galactic components. For the sub-sample of stars in the long-observation LOPS2 and LOPN1 PLATO fields, we estimated planet occurrence rates using the New Generation Planet Population Synthesis dataset. Combining these estimates with a PLATO detection efficiency model, we predicted the expected planet yields for each Galactic environment during a nominal 2+2 year mission.
Results. Based on our analysis, PLATO is likely to detect at least 400 exoplanets around the α-enriched thick disk stars. The majority of those planets are expected to be super-Earths and sub-Neptunes with radii between 2 and 10 R⊕ and orbital periods between 2 and 50 days, which is ideal for studying the link between the radius valley and stellar chemistry. For the metal-poor halo, PLATO is likely to detect between 1 and 80 planets with periods between 10 and 50 days, depending on the potential existence of a metallicity threshold for planet formation. The PLATO fields contain more than 3400 potential target stars with [Fe/H] < −0.6, which will help improve our understanding of planets around metal-poor stars. We identified a specific target list of 47 (kinematically classified) halo stars in the high-priority, high-signal-to-noise PLATO P1 sample, offering prime opportunities in the search for planets in metal-poor environments.
Conclusions. PLATO’s unique capabilities and large field of view position it as a valuable tool for studying planet formation across the diverse Galactic environments of the Milky Way. By probing exoplanet populations around stars with a varying chemical composition, PLATO will provide helpful insights into the connection between stellar chemistry and planet formation.
Association of lamina cribrosa thickness and hippocampal volume in Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Ulusoy Ersin Kasım , Ulusoy Döndü Melek , Göl Mehmet Fatih , Çiçek Ayşe , Tokmak Turgut Tursem 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and affects a large portion of the elderly population worldwide.
Objective To analyze the relationship between lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT) and hippocampal volume in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Methods The sample in the present study consisted of 20 recently diagnosed MCI patients, 20 recently diagnosed AD patients, and 20 matched healthy volunteers. Every patient underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The VolBrain software (open-access platform for MRI brain analysis) was used to calculate the hippocampal volume. Optical coherence tomography was performed to measure the LCT. Analysis of variance and Pearson chi-squared tests were employed to assess the results.
Results The lowest total hippocampal volume (p < 0.05) was in the AD group, which was 6.14 ± 0.66 mm3, while in the control group, it was 7.7 ± 9.65 mm3, and 6.69 ± 0.46 mm3 in the MCI group. In comparison to the rest of the groups, in the AD group, the LCT was the thinnest (202.17 ± 16.35 µm). As per the results of the study population as a whole, low hippocampal volume causes low LCT, which shows an important relationship (r: 0.41; p < 0.05).
Conclusion The current findings present evidence of the relationship between hippocampal volume and LCT in patients with AD and MCI.
Urban design leadership: Part 2, the case of public architects
Authors: Carmona Matthew , Bento João 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper, in two parts, explores the styles and application of urban design leadership as a dimension of urban design governance. This second part takes the theoretical framework for understanding urban design leadership developed in Part 1 and applies the theory to the varied practices of public architects across Europe. Based on interviews with protagonists involved in the delivery of these roles, the paper teases out how these functions can be understood in terms of leadership. Ultimately, urban design leadership is not a simple thing that should be replicated according to a standard formula from place to place. Instead, as the case of public architects demonstrates, in different ways that relate to opportunities provided by local governance and political traditions, such roles demonstrate the value of urban design as a form of design leadership at the urban scale. Their analysis also demonstrates the value of the framework advanced in Part 1, which proves to be a robust means to interrogate forms and episodes of urban design leadership. It provides a starting point for a research agenda that is ripe for further investigation.