bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Security in Campus Recreation Centers
Authors: Veltri Frank R. , Miller John , Scott David K. 
Published: March 2019

Providing proper and adequate security is a critical element in comprehensive risk management for campus recreation facilities. However, little research has been done in this area to assess and analyze the status of security at campus recreation centers in the United States. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the types of security systems used in campus recreation centers, (b) determine the most common types of security incidents that occur in these centers, and (c) examine facility security procedures and personnel. Questionnaires were mailed to 100 randomly selected campus recreation directors across the United States. There were 58 usable surveys returned for a 58 percent response rate. Notable results included: (a) the majority of centers have written security plans but only about one-third update their plans on a regular basis, (b) 72 percent of responding centers provide employee training for security issues, and (c) less than half indicated that they use centers use pagers or cell phones. In addition, while closed circuit television (CCTV) was recognized as an excellent way to decrease criminal activity, only 30 percent of centers reported the use of CCTV to monitor their facilities. Approximately two-thirds of respondents indicated that ID cards were required to access the centers. Interestingly, less than half of the respondents indicated that they thought their facilities were designed with security in mind. Finally, with regard to criminal activity, illegal entry was recognized by 65 percent of respondents as a primary security issue.
Web Technology in Recreational sports
Authors: Ross Craig M. , Forrester Scott A. 
Published: March 2019

Without question, the Internet continues to influence the way business is provided in our society. The development of the Internet and the World Wide Web will also play a pivotal and exciting role in how one delivers collegiate recreational sports programs. A review of the related literature reveals that there have been no studies in this decade investigating the status of the Web in collegiate recreational sports. The purpose of this study was to examine the current status of the use of the Web in collegiate recreational sports. A survey was administered to 200 recreational sport administrators soliciting their opinions on the current and future use of the Web. Of the 200 administrators, 138 (69%) responded. The findings of the study indicated that Web technology is definitely emerging as one of the most powerful tools at the recreational sports practitioners' command. Implications of the results are discussed along with recommendations for future study.
Lifetime risk of prostate cancer overdiagnosis in Australia: quantifying the risk of overdiagnosis associated with prostate cancer screening in Australia using a novel lifetime risk approach
Authors: Pathirana Thanya , Hayen Andrew , Doust Jenny , Glasziou Paul , Bell Katy 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo quantify the risk of overdiagnosis associated with prostate cancer screening in Australia using a novel lifetime risk approach.DesignModelling and validation of the lifetime risk method using publicly available population data.SettingOpportunistic screening for prostate cancer in the Australian population.ParticipantsAustralian male population (1982–2012).InterventionsProstate-specific antigen testing for prostate cancer screening.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary: lifetime risk of overdiagnosis in 2012 (excess lifetime cancer risk adjusted for changing competing mortality); Secondary: lifetime risk of prostate cancer diagnosis (unadjusted and adjusted for competing mortality); Excess lifetime risk of prostate cancer diagnosis (for all years subsequent to 1982).ResultsThe lifetime risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer increased from 6.1% in 1982 (1 in 17) to 19.6% in 2012 (1 in 5). Using 2012 competing mortality rates, the lifetime risk in 1982 was 11.5% (95% CI 11.0% to 12.0%). The excess lifetime risk of prostate cancer in 2012 (adjusted for changing competing mortality) was 8.2% (95% CI 7.6% to 8.7%) (1 in 13). This corresponds to 41% of prostate cancers being overdiagnosed.ConclusionsOur estimated rate of overdiagnosis is in agreement with estimates using other methods. This method may be used without the need to adjust for lead times. If annual (cross-sectional) data are used, then it may give valid estimates of overdiagnosis once screening has been established long enough for the benefits from the early detection of non-overdiagnosed cancer at a younger age to be realised in older age groups.
Doctors don’t Do-little: a national cross-sectional study of workplace well-being of hospital doctors in Ireland
Authors: Hayes Blánaid , Prihodova Lucia , Walsh Gillian , Doyle Frank , Doherty Sally 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo measure levels of occupational stress, burn-out, work–life balance, presenteeism, work ability (balance between work and personal resources) and desire to practise in trainee and consultant hospital doctors in Ireland.DesignNational cross-sectional study of randomised sample of hospital doctors. Participants provided sociodemographic data (age, sex), work grade (consultant, higher/basic specialist trainee), specialty, work hours and completed workplace well-being questionnaires (Effort–Reward Imbalance (ERI) Scale, overcommitment, Maslach Burnout Inventory) and single item measures of work ability, presenteeism, work–life balance and desire to practise.SettingIrish publicly funded hospitals and residential institutions.Participants1749 doctors (response rate of 55%). All hospital specialties were represented except radiology.Results29% of respondents had insufficient work ability and there was no sex, age or grade difference. 70.6% reported strong or very strong desire to practise medicine, 22% reported good work–life balance, 82% experienced workplace stress, with effort greatly exceeding reward, exacerbated by overcommitment. Burn-out was evident in 29.7% and was significantly associated with male sex, younger age, lower years of practice, lower desire to practise, lower work ability, higher ERI ratio and greater overcommitment. Apart from the measures of work ability and overcommitment, there was no sex or age difference across any variable. However, ERI and burn-out were significantly lower in consultants than trainees.ConclusionsHospital doctors across all grades in Ireland had insufficient work ability, low levels of work–life balance, high levels of work stress and almost one-third experienced burn-out indicating suboptimal work conditions and environment. Yet, most had high desire to practise medicine. Measurement of these indices should become a quality indicator for hospitals and research should focus on the efficacy of a range of individual and organisational interventions for burn-out and occupational stress.
Spontaneous clearance of urogenital, anorectal and oropharyngealChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaein women, MSM and heterosexual men visiting the STI clinic: a prospective cohort study
Authors: van Liere Genevieve A F S , Hoebe Christian J P A , Dirks Jeanne AMC , Wolffs Petra FG , Dukers-Muijrers Nicole H T M 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveChlamydia trachomatis(CT) andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) infections can clear without treatment. Despite high prevalence of anorectal infections in men who have sex with men (MSM) and women, studies on anorectal clearance are scarce. Moreover it is unknown whether bacterial load affects urogenital/anorectal CT clearance. In this prospective cohort study, CT and NG clearance is assessed at three anatomical sites of men and women.MethodsCT-positive and NG-positive MSM, heterosexual men and women ≥18 years of age visiting our STI clinic between 2011 and 2013 underwent a repeat test when returning for treatment (n=482). The primary outcome was clearance, defined as a positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) at screening-consultation, followed by a negative NAAT at treatment-consultation. Sociodemographics, sexual risk behaviour and CT bacterial load (inhouse quantitative PCR) were tested as determinants for clearance using multivariable logistic regression for CT and Fisher’s exact test for NG.ResultsCT clearance was 9.1% (10/110) for urine, 6.8% (20/292) for vaginal swabs, 12.7% (8/63) for anorectal swabs (ie, 4.0% [1/25] in MSM and 18.4% [7/38] in women) and 57.1% (4/7) for oropharyngeal swabs. For NG this was 33.3% (2/6), 28.6% (2/7), 20.0% (2/10) and 27.3% (6/22), respectively. The number of days between tests (median 10, IQR 7–14) was not associated with clearance. Lower bacterial load at screening was the only predictor for CT clearance (urine mean 1.2 vs 2.6 log CT/mL, p=0.001; vaginal swabs mean 2.1 vs 5.2 log CT/mL p<0.0001; anorectal swabs mean 2.0 vs 3.7 log CT/mL, p=0.002). None of the tested determinants were associated with NG clearance.ConclusionsThis study reports the largest number of anorectal infections tested for CT and NG clearance to date. Clearance in all sample types was substantial: between 7% and 57% for CT, and between 20% and 33% for NG (notwithstanding low absolute numbers). CT clearance was associated with a lower load at screening. However, not all individuals with low bacterial CT load cleared the infection, hampering STI guideline change.
Coastal wetland resilience to climate change: modelling ecosystem response to rising sea level and salinity in a variable climate
Authors: Grenfell S. E. , Fortune F. , Mamphoka M. F. , Sanderson N. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We investigate coastal wetland ecosystem resilience to sea level rise by modelling sea level rise trajectories and the impact on vegetation communities for a coastal wetland in South Africa. The rate of sediment accretion was modelled relative to IPCC sea level rise estimates for multiple RCP scenarios. For each scenario, inundation by neap and spring tide and the 2, 4, and 8 year recurrence interval water level was modelled over a period of 200 years. When tidal variation is considered, the rate of sediment accretion exceeds rising sea levels associated with climate change, resulting in no major changes in terms of inundation. When sea level rise scenarios were modelled in conjunction with recurrence interval water levels, flooding of the coastal wetland was much greater than current levels at 1 in 4 and 1 in 8 year events. In the long term, increases in salinity may cause a reduction in Phragmites australis cover. Very small increases in depth and frequency of inundation are likely to cause an expansion of samphire species at the expense of Juncus spp. The study suggests that for this wetland, variability in flow may be a key factor in balancing wetland resilience.
Rogue waves for an inhomogeneous discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation in a lattice
Authors: Wu Xiao-Yu , Tian Bo , Du Zhong , Du Xia-Xia 
Published: March 2019

Lattices are used in such fields as electricity, optics and magnetism. Under investigation in this paper is an inhomogeneous discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which models the wave propagation in a lattice. Employing the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy reduction, we obtain the rogue-wave solutions, and see that the rogue waves are affected by the coefficient of the on-site external potential. We see (1) the first-order rogue wave with one peak and two hollows; (2) the second-order rogue waves, each of which is with one peak or three humps; (3) the third-order rogue waves, each of which is with one peak or six humps, and those humps exhibit the triangular pattern, anti-triangular pattern and circular pattern. When the coefficient of the on-site external potential is a constant, the rogue waves periodically appear. When the coefficient of the on-site external potential monotonously changes, oscillations emerge on the constant background.
A survey and analysis of traditional Uyghur medicine abnormal body fluid type major depressive disorder with personality traits
Authors: Gul Aman , Wushuer Palidan , Rui Hua , Aihemaiti Aikeranmu , Memtily Nassir , Talifu Ainiwaer 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To explore the personality characteristics of Traditional Uyghur Medicine (TUM) abnormal body fluid type major depressive disorder in patients and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment and prevention of depression. Method: Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) was used to test the 238 patients with depression, responses were compared with normal mode group, test results were obtained using SPSS 21.0 statistical software for data analysis, the two groups were compared using [Formula: see text]-test, variance analysis was used in the comparison, pairwise comparison was made with the LSD method and [Formula: see text] was found to be statistically significant. Results: The mental qualities namely Psychoticism/Socialization (P), Extroversion/Introversion (E), Neuroticism/Stability (N) and Lie/Social Desirability (L) of patients with depression were found to be higher than the normal mode group, and the difference was statistically significant; the scores of [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-scales were higher in the patients with abnormal cold and dry type depression than those in the normal group, compared with other abnormal body fluid type depressions. Conclusion: Research results indicate that abnormal body fluid and personality both play a role in the pathogenesis of depression. In particular, the personality characteristics of patients with abnormal cold and dry type body fluid play an important role in the occurence and development of depression.
A Cross-level Verification Methodology for Digital IPs Augmented with Embedded Timing Monitors
Authors: Vinco Sara , Bombieri Nicola , Pagliari Daniele Jahier , Fummi Franco , Macii Enrico , Poncino Massimo 
Published: March 2019

Smart systems are characterized by the integration in a single device of multi-domain subsystems of different technological domains, namely, analog, digital, discrete and power devices, MEMS, and power sources. Such challenges, emerging from the heterogeneous nature of the whole system, combined with the traditional challenges of digital design, directly impact on performance and on propagation delay of digital components.
This article proposes a design approach to enhance the RTL model of a given digital component for the integration in smart systems with the automatic insertion of delay sensors, which can detect and correct timing failures. The article then proposes a methodology to verify such added features at system level. The augmented model is abstracted to SystemC TLM, which is automatically injected with mutants (i.e., code mutations) to emulate delays and timing failures. The resulting TLM model is finally simulated to identify timing failures and to verify the correctness of the inserted delay monitors. Experimental results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed design and verification methodology, thanks to an efficient sensor-aware abstraction methodology, by applying the flow to three complex case studies.
Preclinical Efficacy of Covalent-Allosteric AKT Inhibitor Borussertib in Combination with Trametinib in KRAS-Mutant Pancreatic and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Weisner Jörn , Landel Ina , Reintjes Christoph , Uhlenbrock Niklas , Trajkovic-Arsic Marija , Dienstbier Niklas , Hardick Julia , Ladigan Swetlana , Lindemann Marius , Smith Steven , Quambusch Lena , Scheinpflug Rebekka , Depta Laura , Gontla Rajesh , Unger Anke , Müller Heiko , Baumann Matthias , Schultz-Fademrecht Carsten , Günther Georgia , Maghnouj Abdelouahid , Müller Matthias P. , Pohl Michael , Teschendorf Christian , Wolters Heiner , Viebahn Richard , Tannapfel Andrea , Uhl Waldemar , Hengstler Jan G. , Hahn Stephan A. , Siveke Jens T. , Rauh Daniel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aberrations within the PI3K/AKT signaling axis are frequently observed in numerous cancer types, highlighting the relevance of these pathways in cancer physiology and pathology. However, therapeutic interventions employing AKT inhibitors often suffer from limitations associated with target selectivity, efficacy, or dose-limiting effects. Here we present the first crystal structure of autoinhibited AKT1 in complex with the covalent-allosteric inhibitor borussertib, providing critical insights into the structural basis of AKT1 inhibition by this unique class of compounds. Comprehensive biological and preclinical evaluation of borussertib in cancer-related model systems demonstrated a strong antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines harboring genetic alterations within the PTEN, PI3K, and RAS signaling pathways. Furthermore, borussertib displayed antitumor activity in combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib in patient-derived xenograft models of mutant KRAS pancreatic and colon cancer.

Significance:
Borussertib, a first-in-class covalent-allosteric AKT inhibitor, displays antitumor activity in combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib in patient-derived xenograft models and provides a starting point for further pharmacokinetic/dynamic optimization.
Impact of Low Ankle-Brachial Index on the Risk of Recurrent Vascular Events
Authors: Abboud Halim , Monteiro Tavares Linsay , Labreuche Julien , Arauz Antonio , Bryer Alan , Lavados Pablo M. , Massaro Ayrton , Munoz Collazos Mario , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Yamout Bassem I. , Vicaut Eric , Amarenco Pierre ,   for the OPTIC Registry Investigators
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
Low ankle-brachial index (ABI) identifies a stroke subgroup with high risk of recurrent stroke, cardiovascular events, and death. However, limited data exist on the relationship between low ABI and stroke in low and middle-income countries. Therefore, we evaluated the prevalence of ABI ≤0.90 (which is diagnostic of peripheral artery disease) in nonembolic stroke patients or transient ischemic attack and assessed the correlation of low ABI with stroke risk, factors, and recurrent vascular events and death.

Methods—
Patients ≥45 years with acute transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic strokes were recruited consecutively from over 17 low-income and middle-income countries (Latin America [1543 patients], Middle East [1041 patients], North Africa [834 patients], and South Africa [217 patients]). The ABI measurement was performed at a single visit. Stroke recurrence and risk of new vascular events were assessed after 24 months of follow-up.

Results—

Among 3487 enrolled patients, abnormal ABI (<0.9) was present in 22.3 %. Patients with an ABI of ≤0.9 were more likely (
P
<0.05) to be male, older, and have a history of peripheral artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. During 2-year follow-up, the rate of major cardiovascular event was higher in patients with ABI <0.9 than those with ABI ≥0.9 (Kaplan-Meier estimates, 22.5%; 95% CI, 19.6–25.8 versus 13.7%; 21.4–15.1;
P
<0.001), and when ABI was categorized into 4 groups (≤0.6; 95% CI, 0.6–0.9; 0.9–1; 1–1.4), the rate of major cardiovascular event was higher in those with ABI ≤0.6 than the other groups (Kaplan-Meier estimates, 32.6%; 95% CI, 21.0–48.3 for ABI≤0.6 versus 21.7%; 95% CI, 18.8–25.0 for ABI 0.6–0.9 versus 14.3%; 95% CI, 12.4–16.6 for ABI 0.9–1 versus 13.3%; 95% CI, 11.6–15.2 for ABI 1–1.4;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Among patients with nonembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, those with low ABI had a higher rate of vascular events and death in this population. Screening for ABI in stroke patients may help identify patients at high risk of future events.
Optimal Duration of Aspirin Plus Clopidogrel After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Rahman Hammad , Khan Safi U. , Nasir Fahad , Hammad Tehseen , Meyer Michael A. , Kaluski Edo 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
The role of aspirin plus clopidogrel (A+C) therapy compared with aspirin monotherapy in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack remains uncertain. We conducted this study to determine the optimal period of efficacy and safety of A+C compared with aspirin monotherapy.

Methods—
Ten randomized controlled trials (15 434 patients) were selected using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (inception June 2018) comparing A+C with aspirin monotherapy in patients with transient ischemic attack or IS. The primary efficacy outcome was recurrent IS, and the primary safety outcome was major bleeding. The secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality) and all-cause mortality. We stratified analysis based on the short- (≤1 month), intermediate- (≤3 month), and long-term (>3 month) A+C therapy. Effects were estimated as relative risk (RR) with 95% CI.

Results—
A+C significantly reduced the risk of recurrent IS at short-term (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.37–0.78) and intermediate-term (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58–0.90) durations. Similarly, major adverse cardiovascular event was significantly reduced by short-term (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.60–0.78) and intermediate-term (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61–0.94) A+C therapy. However, long-term A+C did not yield beneficial effect in terms of recurrent IS (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.63–1.04) and major adverse cardiovascular events (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.71–1.07). Intermediate-term (RR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.19–5.60) and long-term (RR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.36–2.56) A+C regimens significantly increased the risk of major bleeding as opposed to short-term A+C (RR, 1.82; 95% CI, 0.91–3.62). Excessive all-cause mortality was limited to long-term A+C (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.10–1.93).

Conclusions—
Short-term A+C is more effective and equally safe in comparison to aspirin alone in patients with acute IS or transient ischemic attack.
Effect of Enzyme Replacement Therapy on Basilar Artery Diameter in Male Patients With Fabry Disease
Authors: Miwa Kaori , Yagita Yoshiki , Sakaguchi Manabu , Kitagawa Kazuo , Sakai Norio , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
The effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on cerebrovascular complications remains largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate the relationship between basilar artery (BA) diameter and long-term ERT in patients with Fabry disease.

Methods—
We obtained baseline magnetic resonance imaging data from 30 patients (40.5±16.3 years, male: 14) in the single institution; among them, 21 patients prospectively had follow-up magnetic resonance imaging assessments. The short axis of BA diameter was measured at the midpons level on axial T2-weighted images. Brain magnetic resonance imaging measurements included markers of cerebral small vessel disease (lacunas, white matter hyperintensities, and cerebral microbleeds). We assessed variables associated with baseline BA diameter and annual BA diameter change using linear regression analyses.

Results—

Hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and white matter hyperintensities correlated with the initial BA diameter. After a mean interval of 7.2±4.6 years, the annual BA diameter change correlated positively with severe white matter hyperintensities and inversely with the duration of ERT (β=−0.48,
P
=0.033). After stratifying patients by sex, a significant correlation between the duration of ERT and BA diameter was found only in men (β=−0.72,
P
=0.019).

Conclusions—
Our results show a possible relationship between ERT and changes in BA diameter. Future studies to elucidate the clinical impact of BA changes as a potential surrogate marker are needed.