bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in marsh surface levels in the upper Tay Estuary
Authors: McManus J. , Alizai S. A. K. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisIn the upper Tay Estuary the marshes bordering the northern intertidal mud-flats are dominated byPhragmites communisin the west, withJuncus gerardibecoming more important eastwards, whereAster tripoliumis also significant. Sedimentation on the surface of the marshes at Kingoodie and Invergowrie has been measured at monthly intervals over a twenty-three month period, using stake implants to provide local marker levels. The marsh surfaces were at their greatest heights in early summer and fell during autumn and winter. Maximum accretion rates were measured in spring on the outer marshes at both sites, where net accretion over the entire period was greatest. The net accretion in thePhragmitesmarsh was 2.5 mm, in theAsterbelt 5 mm, in establishedJuncus9 mm and in newly colonisingJuncus8.7 mm, whereas on the adjacent Kingoodie mud flats there was net stability over the twenty-three-month interval. Accretion was less at Invergowrie (3–5 mm) than at Kingoodie (2.5–9 mm). Monthly analysis of the upper 0.5 cm of the surface sediments showed the Invergowrie marsh sediments to be sandier than those of Kingoodie. Silts and clays deposited on the outer marsh surface in spring migrate landward during the summer and autumn. The apparent annual net accretion varied greatly with the specific month used for comparison, with 13 mm net losses based on November figures and 10 mm gains using January data.
Intertidal habitats and benthic macrofauna of the Forth estuary, Scotland
Authors: McLusky Donald S. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisThe intertidal habitats of the Forth estuary are dominated by fine-grained muds, which experience a salinity range of 0–32%, j over the length of the estuary from Stirling to Queensferry. The current total area of the intertidal zone is 23.3 km2, the majority of which is found in the three central bays of Skinflats, Kinneil and Torry Bay. Over the centuries, agricultural and industrial reclamation has reduced by almost 50% the size of the Forth estuary intertidal habitat. The upper estuary has narrow intertidal shores, inhabited almost exclusively by oligochaete worms, which are very abundant due to organic enrichment of the area. The middle estuary is responsible for the greatest biomass and production of the intertidal benthic macrofauna. The lower estuary has a greater diversity of species than the upper and middle estuary, but has a lower biomass and abundance of macrofauna. It is shown that the production/biomass (P/B) ratio of several species in the Forth estuary is lower than that of the same species in other estuaries. This depression cannot be explained by natural environmental variables, and is suggested as being due to the levels of pollutants throughout the area. Despite this depressed productivity, and the threats from further reclamation, the Forth estuary retains abundant populations of intertidal animals, which are an important food source for birds and fish.
Integrative emotion regulation: Process and development from a self-determination theory perspective
Authors: Roth Guy , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Ryan Richard M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGrounded in self-determination theory's (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2017) organismic perspective, we present a process view of integrative emotion regulation. SDT describes three general types of emotion regulation: integrative emotion regulation, which focuses on emotions as carrying information that is brought to awareness; controlled emotion regulation, which is focused on diminishing emotions through avoidance, suppression, or enforced expression or reappraisal; and amotivated emotion regulation, in which emotions are uncontrolled or dysregulated. We review survey and experimental research contrasting these emotion regulation styles, providing evidence for the benefits of integrative emotion regulation for volitional functioning, personal well-being, and high-quality relationships, and for the costs of controlled emotion regulation and dysregulation. The development of emotion regulation styles is discussed, especially the role of autonomy-supportive parenting in fostering more integrative emotion regulation, and the role of controlling parenting in contributing to controlled or dysregulated emotion processing. Overall, integrative emotion regulation represents a beneficial style of processing emotions, which develops most effectively in a nonjudgmental and autonomy-supportive environment, an issue relevant to both development and psychotherapy.
Reconsidering the Moralization of Health: Practices Versus Concepts, and What We Can Learn from Evidence-based Research
Authors: THOMAS S. JOSHUA 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:This article aims to do two things. First, it argues that moralization of health occurs not only at the practical level of individual healthcare choices and health states, but also at the conceptual level of health itself. This is most evident in cases where the concept of health is presumed to possess the property of “overridingness” when compared to competing values and norms, that is, when it is treated as taking precedence over other values and norms it may come into conflict with. Second, the article makes a case for being critically skeptical of specific deployments of the concept of health when it has been moralized in this way. In such cases, what typically results is that some other personal value/norm, or set of values/norms, held by the individual is treated as intrinsically at odds with the concept of health, which is presumed, uncritically, to be superior, often because it is taken to be free-standing and self-justifying. Yet, a growing body of evidence-based research suggests that the role played by dimensions of personal meaningfulness in the quality of individuals’ overall health is quite underappreciated. It is useful to think of these dimensions of personal meaning and significance as representing the individual’s values. Thus, taking these data more seriously ought to lead to a reevaluation of the moralization of health at the conceptual level. In the first place, it is not obvious that if the concept of health runs afoul of other values/norms held by an individual, the latter should automatically yield. In the second place, they suggest that other values/norms held by an individual are not necessarily intrinsically opposed to the concept of health, but in fact may go a good distance in support of it.
Autocratic time horizons and the growth effect of foreign direct investment
Authors: Bak Daehee , Moon Chungshik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe positive influence of foreign direct investment (FDI) on host countries' economic growth has been widely debated. Given the mixed empirical evidence, scholars have sought to find the economic preconditions under which FDI spillovers are likely to occur and facilitate economic growth in the host countries. Those preconditions are not exogenously dictated but largely shaped by governments' policy preferences. Particularly in autocracies, an autocrat's policy preferences are the driving force that determines whether a host country is likely to be equipped with growth-friendly institutions and policies. We argue that such economic institutions and policies are dependent on the time horizons of autocrats in power. Our empirical analysis covering 64 autocratic countries from 1970 to 2005 supports our main argument that FDI has a positive effect on growth when autocratic time horizons are sufficiently long, and positive FDI spillovers mainly occur through the protection of property right institutions.
Resistance of some rice varieties to the African striped borer, Chilo zacconius (Bleszynski)
Authors: Ukwungwu M. N. , Odebiyi J. A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSixty selected rice varieties were tested for resistance to damage by the African striped borer, Chilo zacconius. Artificial infestation with first instar larvae in screenhouse showed that Lac 23 (white), IR 2035-120-3, 1R 4625-132-1-2, Colombia 1 and N 21-1 had significantly low “dead hearts” and larval survival. Damage was also low when these varieties were exposed to adults in the screenhouse and in the field. Both local and exotic varieties possessed resistance. Antibiosis conferred resistance to the borer in the varieties screened.
A miniaturized dual band EBG unit cell for UWB antennas with high selective notching
Authors: Abdalla Mahmoud A. , Al-Mohamadi Abdullah A. , Mohamed Ibrahim S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA high selective dual band and miniaturized electromagnetic band gap (EBG) unit cell is presented in this paper. The analysis and characterization of the new cell are explained. The modified compact EBG unit cell is based on cutting two inverted U-shaped slots inside the typical mushroom-like EBG. The modified EBG has a 70% size reduction. The dual-band functionality of the structure is confirmed by applying it in a dual-notch ultra-wideband antenna (3.1–10.6 GHz), and the notch frequencies are 5.2 and 5.8 GHz. The dual-band functionality has advantages of a highly selective bandpass between them. The antenna can suppress interference frequencies in less than 100 MHz bandwidth without affecting the antenna performance in the whole bandwidth. Presented results are addressed in terms of circuit modeling, 3D full-wave simulations, and measurements.
Improved Simulations of The Inner Magnetosphere During High Geomagnetic Activity With the RAM‐SCB Model
Authors: Engel Miles A. , Morley Steven K. , Henderson Michael G. , Jordanova Vania K. , Woodroffe Jesse R. , Mahfuz Rehana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSimulating times of high geomagnetic activity are an important part of the continuing efforts to understand space weather and its impacts on humanity. Recent improvements to the Ring‐current Atmosphere interactions Model with Self‐Consistent magnetic field (RAM‐SCB) have been undertaken, with the purpose of expanding the accuracy and robustness of the model during these highly active times. The improvements include a number of changes to the functionality of both the RAM model and the self‐consistent magnetic field calculation. In addition, the models have been modernized and rewritten in an effort to make them more user friendly and understandable. The effect of these changes is shown by simulating the day of 17 March 2013, which saw Sym‐H drop below −100 nT and included a magnetosphere push‐in within geosynchronous orbit. The comparison between the previous model configuration and this new configuration is investigated by calculating a series of metrics for the relation between the observed and modeled Sym‐H, as well as the >10‐keV electron flux measured by the HOPE and MAGEIS instruments aboard RBSP‐B and the simulated electron flux. These metrics show that the improvements to the model have increased the accuracy of the model for the given simulation.
Wavenumber Analysis of EMIC Waves
Authors: Chen Lunjin , Zhu Hui , Zhang Xiaojia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt has been highly controversial as to whether and how efficient electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can scatter sub–megaelectronvolt (MeV) to multi–megaelectron volt electrons into the atmospheric loss cone. The capability of EMIC wave scattering essentially depends on the wavenumber spectra, instead of readily available frequency spectra. We present a method to obtain the EMIC wavenumbers directly from the wave electromagnetic field measurements, from which we further evaluate the characteristics of electron minimum resonant energy and electron scattering rate due to EMIC waves. Based on the analysis of EMIC waves identified from 5.5 years of Van Allen Probes field measurement, we find that only a small fraction of H+ band wave events can resonate with electrons down to MeV, while none of He+ band waves at the maximum wave power can. The electron scattering rate increases with increasing levels of geomagnetic activities. The scattering rate for H+ band is sufficient to cause significant precipitation of electrons for a broad energy range (including MeV electrons), especially during times with high geomagnetic activity.
Alfvén Ion Cyclotron Waves in Sheath Regions Driven by Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Ala‐Lahti Matti , Kilpua Emilia K. J. , Souček Jan , Pulkkinen Tuija I. , Dimmock Andrew P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report on a statistical analysis of the occurrence and properties of Alfvén ion cyclotron (AIC) waves in sheath regions driven by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). We have developed an automated algorithm to identify AIC wave events from magnetic field data and apply it to investigate 91 ICME sheath regions recorded by the Wind spacecraft. Our analysis focuses on waves generated by the ion cyclotron instability. AIC waves are observed to be frequent structures in ICME‐driven sheaths, and their occurrence is the highest in the vicinity of the shock. Together with previous studies, our results imply that the shock compression has a crucial role in generating wave activity in ICME sheaths. AIC waves tend to have their frequency below the ion cyclotron frequency, and, in general, occur in plasma that is stable with respect to the ion cyclotron instability and has lower ion β‖ than mirror modes. The results suggest that the ion beta anisotropy β⊥/β‖>1 appearing in ICME sheaths is regulated by both ion cyclotron and mirror instabilities.
CD22 CAR T-cell therapy in refractory or relapsed B acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Pan Jing , Niu Qing , Deng Biping , Liu Shuangyou , Wu Tong , Gao Zhiyong , Liu Zhaoli , Zhang Yue , Qu Xiaomin , Zhang Yanlei , Liu Shaohui , Ling Zhuojun , Lin Yuehui , Zhao Yongqiang , Song Yanzhi , Tan Xiyou , Zhang Yan , Li Zhihui , Yin Zhichao , Chen Bingzhen , Yu Xinjian , Yan Ju , Zheng Qinlong , Zhou Xuan , Gao Jin , Chang Alex H. , Feng Xiaoming , Tong Chunrong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Despite worldwide promising clinical outcome of CD19 CAR-T therapy, relapse after this therapy is associated with poor prognosis and has become an urgent problem to be solved. We conducted a CD22 CAR T-cell therapy in 34 relapsed or refractory (r/r) B-ALL pediatric and adult patients who failed from previous CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. Complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) was achieved in 24 of 30 patients (80%) that could be evaluated on day 30 after infusion, which accounted for 70.5% of all 34 enrolled patients. Most patients only experienced mild cytokine-release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Seven CR patients received no further treatment, and 3 of them remained in remission at 6, 6.6, and 14 months after infusion. Eleven CR patients were promptly bridged to transplantation, and 8 of them remained in remission at 4.6 to 13.3 months after transplantation, resulted in 1-year leukemia-free survival rate of 71.6% (95% CI, 44.2–99.0). CD22 antigen loss or mutation was not observed to be associated with relapsed patients. Our study demonstrated that our CD22 CAR T-cells was highly effective in inducing remission in r/r B-ALL patients, and also provided a precious window for subsequent transplantation to achieve durable remission.
Patterns of inter- and intrasubspecific homologous recombination inform eco-evolutionary dynamics of Xylella fastidiosa
Authors: Potnis Neha , Kandel Prem P , Merfa Marcus V , Retchless Adam C , Parker Jennifer K , Stenger Drake C , Almeida Rodrigo P P , Bergsma-Vlami Maria , Westenberg Marcel , Cobine Paul A , De La Fuente Leonardo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
High rates of homologous recombination (HR) in the bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa have been previously detected. This study aimed to determine the extent and explore the ecological significance of HR in the genomes of recombinants experimentally generated by natural transformation and wild-type isolates. Both sets of strains displayed widespread HR and similar average size of recombined fragments consisting of random events (2–10 kb) of inter- and intrasubspecific recombination. A significantly higher proportion and greater lengths (&gt;10 kb, maximum 31.5 kb) of recombined fragments were observed in subsp. morus and in strains isolated in Europe from intercepted coffee plants shipped from the Americas. Such highly recombinant strains pose a serious risk of emergence of novel variants, as genetically distinct and formerly geographically isolated genotypes are brought in close proximity by global trade. Recently recombined regions in wild-type strains included genes involved in regulation and signaling, host colonization, nutrient acquisition, and host evasion, all fundamental traits for X. fastidiosa ecology. Identification of four recombinant loci shared between wild-type and experimentally generated recombinants suggests potential hotspots of recombination in this naturally competent pathogen. These findings provide insights into evolutionary forces possibly affecting the adaptive potential to colonize the host environments of X. fastidiosa.
Uncultured Nitrospina-like species are major nitrite oxidizing bacteria in oxygen minimum zones
Authors: Sun Xin , Kop Linnea F M , Lau Maggie C Y , Frank Jeroen , Jayakumar Amal , Lücker Sebastian , Ward Bess B 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are marine regions where O2 is undetectable at intermediate depths. Within OMZs, the oxygen-depleted zone (ODZ) induces anaerobic microbial processes that lead to fixed nitrogen loss via denitrification and anammox. Surprisingly, nitrite oxidation is also detected in ODZs, although all known marine nitrite oxidizers (mainly Nitrospina) are aerobes. We used metagenomic binning to construct metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of nitrite oxidizers from OMZs. These MAGs represent two novel Nitrospina-like species, both of which differed from all known Nitrospina species, including cultured species and published MAGs. Relative abundances of different Nitrospina genotypes in OMZ and non-OMZ seawaters were estimated by mapping metagenomic reads to newly constructed MAGs and published high-quality genomes of members from the Nitrospinae phylum. The two novel species were present in all major OMZs and were more abundant inside ODZs, which is consistent with the detection of higher nitrite oxidation rates in ODZs than in oxic seawaters and suggests novel adaptations to anoxic environments. The detection of a large number of unclassified nitrite oxidoreductase genes in the dataset implies that the phylogenetic diversity of nitrite oxidizers is greater than previously thought.
Regulation of locomotor speed and selection of active sets of neurons by V1 neurons
Authors: Kimura Yukiko , Higashijima Shin-ichi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDuring fast movements in vertebrates, slow motor units are thought to be deactivated due to the mechanical demands of muscle contraction, but the associated neuronal mechanisms for this are unknown. Here, we perform functional analyses of spinal V1 neurons by selectively killing them in larval zebrafish, revealing two functions of V1 neurons. The first is the long-proposed role of V1 neurons: they play an important role in shortening the cycle period during swimming by providing in-phase inhibition. The second is that V1 neurons play an important role in the selection of active sets of neurons. We show that strong inhibitory inputs coming from V1 neurons play a crucial role in suppressing the activities of slow-type V2a and motor neurons, and, consequently, of slow muscles during fast swimming. Our results thus highlight the critical role of spinal inhibitory neurons for silencing slow-component neurons during fast movements.
The K219T-Lamin mutation induces conduction defects through epigenetic inhibition of SCN5A in human cardiac laminopathy
Authors: Salvarani Nicolò , Crasto Silvia , Miragoli Michele , Bertero Alessandro , Paulis Marianna , Kunderfranco Paolo , Serio Simone , Forni Alberto , Lucarelli Carla , Dal Ferro Matteo , Larcher Veronica , Sinagra Gianfranco , Vezzoni Paolo , Murry Charles E. , Faggian Giuseppe , Condorelli Gianluigi , Di Pasquale Elisa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMutations in LMNA, which encodes the nuclear proteins Lamin A/C, can cause cardiomyopathy and conduction disorders. Here, we employ induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from human cells carrying heterozygous K219T mutation on LMNA to develop a disease model. Cardiomyocytes differentiated from these iPSCs, and which thus carry K219T-LMNA, have altered action potential, reduced peak sodium current and diminished conduction velocity. Moreover, they have significantly downregulated Nav1.5 channel expression and increased binding of Lamin A/C to the promoter of SCN5A, the channel’s gene. Coherently, binding of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) protein SUZ12 and deposition of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 are increased at SCN5A. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of the mutation re-establishes sodium current density and SCN5A expression. Thus, K219T-LMNA cooperates with PRC2 in downregulating SCN5A, leading to decreased sodium current density and slower conduction velocity. This mechanism may underlie the conduction abnormalities associated with LMNA-cardiomyopathy.
Within-host evolution of Helicobacter pylori shaped by niche-specific adaptation, intragastric migrations and selective sweeps
Authors: Ailloud Florent , Didelot Xavier , Woltemate Sabrina , Pfaffinger Gudrun , Overmann Jörg , Bader Ruth Christiane , Schulz Christian , Malfertheiner Peter , Suerbaum Sebastian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe human pathogenHelicobacter pyloridisplays extensive genetic diversity. WhileH. pyloriis known to evolve during infection, population dynamics inside the gastric environment have not been extensively investigated. Here we obtained gastric biopsies from multiple stomach regions of 16 H. pylori-infected adults, and analyze the genomes of 10 H. pyloriisolates from each biopsy. Phylogenetic analyses suggest location-specific evolution and bacterial migration between gastric regions. Migration is significantly more frequent between the corpus and the fundus than with the antrum, suggesting that physiological differences between antral and oxyntic mucosa contribute to spatial partitioning ofH. pyloripopulations. Associations betweenH. pylorigene polymorphisms and stomach niches suggest that chemotaxis, regulatory functions and outer membrane proteins contribute to specific adaptation to the antral and oxyntic mucosa. Moreover, we show that antibiotics can induce severe population bottlenecks and likely play a role in shaping the population structure ofH. pylori.
Anchoring cortical granules in the cortex ensures trafficking to the plasma membrane for post-fertilization exocytosis
Authors: Vogt Edgar-John , Tokuhiro Keizo , Guo Min , Dale Ryan , Yang Guanghui , Shin Seung-Wook , Movilla Maria Jimenez , Shroff Hari , Dean Jurrien 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFollowing fertilization, cortical granules exocytose ovastacin, a metalloendopeptidase that cleaves ZP2 in the zona pellucida surrounding mouse eggs to prevent additional sperm binding. Using high- and super-resolution imaging with ovastacinmCherry as a fluorescent marker, we characterize cortical granule dynamics at single granule resolution in transgenic mouse eggs. Newly-developed imaging protocols provide an unprecedented view of vesicular dynamics near the plasma membrane in mouse eggs. We discover that cortical granule anchoring in the cortex is dependent on maternal MATER and document that myosin IIA is required for biphasic trafficking to the plasma membrane. We observe local clearance of cortical actin during exocytosis and determine that pharmacologic or genetic disruption of trafficking to the plasma membrane impairs secretion of cortical granules and results in polyspermy. Thus, the regulation of cortical granule dynamics at the cortex-plasma membrane interface is critical for exocytosis and the post-fertilization block to sperm binding that ensures monospermic fertilization.