bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic classification of Trametes (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) based on a five–marker dataset
Authors: Justo Alfredo , Hibbett David S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe phylogeny of Trametes and related genera was studied using molecular data from ribosomal markers (nLSU, ITS) and protein–coding genes (RPB1, RPB2, TEF1–alpha) and consequences for the taxonomy and nomenclature of this group were considered. Separate datasets with rDNA data only, single datasets for each of the protein–coding genes, and a combined five–marker dataset were analyzed. Molecular analyses recover a strongly supported trametoid clade that includes most of Trametes species (including the type T. suaveolens, the T. versicolor group, and mainly tropical species such as T. maxima and T. cubensis) together with species of Lenzites and Pycnoporus and Coriolopsis polyzona. Our data confirm the positions of Trametes cervina (= Trametopsis cervina) in the phlebioid clade and of Trametes trogii (= Coriolopsis trogii) outside the trametoid clade, closely related to Coriolopsis gallica. The genus Coriolopsis, as currently defined, is polyphyletic, with the type species as part of the trametoid clade and at least two additional lineages occurring in the core polyporoid clade. In view of these results the use of a single generic name (Trametes) for the trametoid clade is considered to be the best taxonomic and nomenclatural option as the morphological concept of Trametes would remain almost unchanged, few new nomenclatural combinations would be necessary, and the classification of additional species (i.e., not yet described and/or sampled for molecular data) in Trametes based on morphological characters alone will still be possible. Alternative scenarios to divide the trametoid clade in five or ten genera were considered but if any of these options were to be adopted morphological distinction of the segregated genera and the ascription of additional species to any of these genera would be very difficult and in some cases impossible. The genera Artolenzites, Coriolopsis (as currently typified), Coriolus, Cubamyces, Cyclomycetella, Lenzites, Poronidulus, Pseudotrametes and Pycnoporus are considered synonyms of Trametes.
Phylogeny, taxon circumscriptions, and character evolution in the core Ptychanthoideae (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta)
Authors: Sukkharak Phiangphak , Gradstein S. Robbert , Stech Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships and character evolution in the core Ptychanthoideae (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta), with a focus on Thysananthus, are assessed based on molecular (plastid psbA–trnH, trnG, trnL–F, trnS–rps4, nrITS), morphological–anatomical, and phytochemical data. Generic relationships are molecularly well–resolved and confirm the placement of Mastigolejeunea pancheri and the monotypic Dendrolejeunea fruticosa in Thysananthus. Most morphological characters currently used to distinguish genera in Ptychanthoideae are homoplastic according to ancestral state reconstruction. Molecular and phytochemical data suggest the occurrence of polyphyletic species in Thysananthus and Mastigolejeunea. Careful study of the polyphyletic taxa revealed morphological differences between some of the intraspecific clades, which correlated with synonymized or novel species. Incongruence between plastid and ITS data in M. pancheri indicated the occurrence of a putative hybrid, the first one recorded in Lejeuneaceae and the first in liverworts inferred from phylogenetic data.
Phylogenetic position of the genus Hattorioceros (Anthoceratophyta)
Authors: Li Jianyou , Zhang Li , Zhou Lanping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe spores of the monospecific genus Hattorioceros are ovoid to spheroid with canaliculate–striate surface ornamentation, and are unique among hornworts. We determine here for the first time the phylogenetic position of the genus using sequence data from the chloroplast rbcL and mitochondrial nad5 genes. Hattorioceros is nested within Phaeoceros, challenging its taxonomic status. Although spore morphology is a key feature in hornwort taxonomy, our results suggest that caution must be taken when describing taxa above the species level based solely on a single character.
The nomenclatural history of Fritillaria eduardii and the correct names of its varieties
Authors: Wietsma Willem A. , van den Berg Ronald G. , van Scheepen Johan , Wieringa Jan J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMaterial of a new fritillary was mentioned in four publications by Eduard Regel in 1884, but he used different names for this material. In the first publication it was named Fritillaria eduardii, but in the following publications the material was described as two varieties of F. imperialis L., both odourless, one with purplish flowers and one with yellow or yellow–red flowers. Both colour varieties, but especially the latter, have been taken into cultivation. Morphological observations and crossing experiments have established that both varieties do not belong to F. imperialis and should be accommodated in F. eduardii. New names for these varieties are proposed, following E. Regel's intention as closely as possible.
Detection and sequencing of porcine circovirus 3 in commercially sourced laboratory mice
Authors: Jiang Shouchuan , Zhou Nini , Li Yufeng , An Jiahui , Chang Tianhao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPorcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), a recently discovered virus, has spread widely in pigs throughout the world. In order to investigate the possibility of mice used to study the infection of PCV3, commercially sourced Balb/C and ICR mice were screened for PCV3 infection. Blood samples were collected from 20 mice (10 each of Balb/c and ICR), DNA was extracted, and subjected to PCR with PCV3 specific primers. We found all 20 serum samples tested positive for PCV3 DNA. From four mice, the complete genomes of PCV3 were amplified and sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results showed that the amplified genome was 2000 bp, and sequence comparison showed that the homology of the complete genome and ORF2 gene with those of porcine PCV3 are 97.9%–98.8% and 96.9%–98.3%, respectively. Amino acids alignment results showed that the Cap protein of the mouse PCV3 isolates share 90.7%–96.3% amino acid homology with that of the references strains derived from pigs. Phylogenetic analysis based on ORF2 sequences showed that all PCV3 strains clustered together and were clearly separate from other circovirus species. We detected PCV3 in experimental mice in China for the first time, which is an opportunity to use mice to study the infection of PCV3 and a potential hazard to swine industry.
Fundamental solutions and frictionless contact problem in a semi‐infinite space of 2D hexagonal piezoelectric QCs
Authors: Li Caiqi , Zhou Yue‐Ting 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGeneral solutions for the semi‐infinite space of two‐dimensional (2D) piezoelectric quasicrystals (QCs) are acquired by means of the potential theory method and the generalized Almansi's theorem. Then based on the fundamental solutions of the concentrated loadings case, the frictionless contact problem in a semi‐infinite of 2D hexagonal piezoelectric QCs is addressed by using the superposition principle and potential theory. Analytic solutions of fields quantities in terms of elementary functions for the phonon field, phason field and electric field are obtained under three different rigid indenters (flat‐ended cylindrical, conical and spherical), which are convenient for numerical analysis. Numerical examples are given to display the relationship between the contact stiffness and the penetration depth through the change of the curves, and to demonstrate the distribution of the field components under the action of the flat‐ended cylindrical.
A Catalogue of Earthquakes in the Koyna-Warna Region, Western India (2005 – 2017)
Authors: Shashidhar D. , Mallika K. , Mahato C. , Maity B.S. , Sudheer K. , Satyanarayana H.V.S. , Rao N. Purnachandra , Raghavan R.V. , Sarma A.N.S. , Murthy Y.V.V.B.S.N. , Shankar U. Gowri , Narsingarao D. , Anuradha M. Uma 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Koyna-Warna region of western India is one of the most prominent reservoir triggered seismicity (RTS) sites in the world. A catalogue of 957 earthquakes of M≥2.0 which includes 24 earthquakes of M 4.0 – 5.1 from August 2005 to December 2017 is presented here. The magnitude for completeness is found to be 1.7 based on the Gutenberg-Richter earthquake frequency-magnitude relationship. The presented catalogue would be useful to Earth science community for undertaking earthquake related studies in the region.
Near-surface Shear Velocity Structure Estimation using Ground-roll in Moran Area, Central Upper Assam Basin, India
Authors: Singh Pawan Kumar , Sandeep  , Singh N. P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The frequency dependent characteristics of Rayleigh-wave, which is considered to be noise during body-wave prospecting, can be utilized to infer near surface elastic properties. To generate the near surface VS profiles, initially spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) was used, which has now been replaced by more sophisticated multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW). In the present study, MASW for impulsive source is applied to the seismic (impulsive source) datasets acquired in the Moran area of the central part of upper Assam basin to estimate the near-surface S-wave velocity (Vs) structure with the objective of its application to static correction during S-wave reflection data processing, and geotechnical and environmental studies in the area. Multichannel surface waves are extracted from conventional seismic record. The multichannel analysis includes construction of dispersion curves from observed Rayleigh-waves, and inversion of VS profile from calculated dispersion curves. The near surface 1D VS profiles, derived from the extracted ground roll vary from 200 m/sec (near the surface) to about 450 m/sec at 40m depth, and provides a good estimation of vertical shear velocity structure in the area. The 2D near surface shear velocity structure (VS) is generated by horizontal interpolation of individual vertical profiles. The results are in agreement with the available three component low velocity layer (3C-LVL) data.
Business, Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and Security in the Case Law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Authors: REGUART-SEGARRA Núria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe history of indigenous peoples from across the globe is marked by constant aggression, persecution and conflict. In these times, they are being obliged to confront the consequences of economic interests in their ancestral lands and natural resources, which often take the form of extractive projects conducted by corporate actors with the permission of governments. These abusive practices have led to a number of social, legal and political disputes, many of which have resulted in violence. All of this reveals that indigenous rights cases cannot be omitted in the study of the interrelation between business, human rights and security, since these three elements are present in many of them. In particular, the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights needs to be closely examined, as it is considered to be the regional system of human rights protection that has played the most prominent role in delimitating indigenous property rights.
Shedding of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by colonized patients during procedures and patient care activities
Authors: Alhmidi Heba , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Koganti Sreelatha , Jencson Annette L. , Rutter Joseph D. , Bonomo Robert A. , Wilson Brigid M. , Mayer JeanMarie , Samore Matthew H. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjective:Medical procedures and patient care activities may facilitate environmental dissemination of healthcare-associated pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Design:Observational cohort study of MRSA-colonized patients to determine the frequency of and risk factors for environmental shedding of MRSA during procedures and care activities in carriers with positive nares and/or wound cultures. Bivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with environmental shedding.Setting:A Veterans Affairs hospital.Participants:This study included 75 patients in contact precautions for MRSA colonization or infection.Results:Of 75 patients in contact precautions for MRSA, 55 (73%) had MRSA in nares and/or wounds and 25 (33%) had positive skin cultures. For the 52 patients with MRSA in nares and/or wounds and at least 1 observed procedure, environmental shedding of MRSA occurred more frequently during procedures and care activities than in the absence of a procedure (59 of 138, 43% vs 8 of 83, 10%; P < .001). During procedures, increased shedding occurred ≤0.9 m versus >0.9 m from the patient (52 of 138, 38% vs 25 of 138, 18%; P = .0004). Contamination occurred frequently on surfaces touched by personnel (12 of 38, 32%) and on portable equipment used for procedures (25 of 101, 25%). By bivariate analysis, the presence of a wound with MRSA was associated with shedding (17 of 29, 59% versus 6 of 23, 26%; P = .04).Conclusions:Environmental shedding of MRSA occurs frequently during medical procedures and patient care activities. There is a need for effective strategies to disinfect surfaces and equipment after procedures.
The impact of service user’s suicide on mental health professionals
Authors: Murphy P. T. , Clogher L. , van Laar A. , O’Regan R. , McManus S. , McIntyre A. , O’Connell A. , Geraghty M. , Henry G. , Hallahan B. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesOur principle objective was to examine the personal and professional impact of service user (SU) suicide on mental health professionals (MHPs). We also wished to explore putative demographic or clinical factors relating to SUs or MPHs that could influence the impact of SU suicide for MHPs and explore factors MHPs report as helpful in reducing distress following SU suicide.MethodsA mixed-method questionnaire with quantitative and thematic analysis was utilised.ResultsQuantitative data indicated SU suicide was associated with personal and professional distress with sadness (79.5%), shock (74.5%) and surprise (68.7%) particularly evident with these phenomena lasting less than a year for more than 90% of MHPs. MHPs also reported guilt, reduced self-confidence and a fear of negative publicity. Thematic analysis indicated that some MHPs had greater expertise when addressing SU suicidal ideation and in supporting colleagues after experiencing a SU suicide. Only 17.7% of MHPs were offered formal support following SU suicide.ConclusionSU suicide impacts MHPs personally and professionally in both a positive and negative fashion. A culture and clear pathway of formal support for MHPs to ascertain the most appropriate individualised support dependent on the distress they experience following SU suicide would be optimal.
Hypersonic boundary layer transition on a concave wall: stationary Görtler vortices
Authors: Chen X. , Huang G. L. , Lee C. B. 
Published: February 2019

This study investigates the stability and transition of Görtler vortices in a hypersonic boundary layer using linear stability theory and direct numerical simulations. In the simulations, Görtler vortices are separately excited by wall blowing and suction with spanwise wavelengths of 3, 6 and 9 mm. In addition to primary streaks with the same wavelength as the blowing and suction, secondary streaks with half the wavelength also emerge in the 6 and 9 mm cases. The streaks develop into mushroom structures before breaking down. The breakdown processes of the three cases are dominated by a sinuous-mode instability, a varicose-mode instability and a combination of the two, respectively. Both fundamental and subharmonic instabilities are relevant in all cases. Multiple modes are identified in the secondary-instability stage, some of which originate from the primary instabilities (first and second Mack modes). We demonstrate that the first Mack mode can be destabilized to either a varicose-mode or sinuous-mode streak instability depending on its frequency and wavelength, whereas the second Mack mode undergoes a stabilizing stage before turning into a varicose mode in the 6 and 9 mm cases. An energy analysis reveals the stabilizing and destabilizing mechanisms of the primary instabilities under the influence of Görtler vortices, highlighting the role played by the spanwise production based on the spanwise gradient of the streamwise velocity in both varicose and sinuous modes. The effects introduced by the secondary streaks are examined by filtering the secondary streaks in two new simulations with nominally identical conditions to those of the 6 and 9 mm cases. Remarkably, the secondary streaks can destabilize the Görtler vortices, therefore advancing the transition. The stability theory results are in good agreement with those from direct numerical simulations.
Fatalism: thoughts about tomorrow's sea battle
Authors: Cockburn David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe hold of the fatalistic reasoning that Aristotle criticizes is dependent, first, on the idea, articulated by Frege, that the real candidates for truth and falsity are something other than particular contingent happenings such as affirmations or thinkings, and, second, on the idea that the demand for speculative reflection overrides any demand for practical deliberation. Standard challenges to the reasoning embody the same presuppositions and so simply perpetuate the core confusions. They do so most fundamentally in the assumption that we need a ‘metaphysical’ grounding for our idea of ourselves as agents who have influence on the course of events.
Older Immigrants’ Access to Primary Health Care in Canada: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wang Lu , Guruge Sepali , Montana Gelsomina 
Published: February 2019

RÉSUMÉLe vieillissement et l’immigration ont significativement transformé la composition démographique au Canada, et les immigrants y représentent une proportion croissante de la population adulte plus âgée. L’accès adéquat aux services de santé est essentiel au bien-être et à l’inclusion sociale de cette population. Cet examen de la portée porte sur les connaissances actuelles concernant l’accès des immigrants d’âge avancé aux médecins omnipraticiens et à leur consultation, considérant que ces médecins jouent un rôle central dans la prestation de soins de première ligne, dans les soins préventifs et les soins de santé mentale. Le modèle en 5 étapes d’Arksey et O’Malley a été utilisé pour effectuer des recherches dans une grande variété de bases de données pour des articles publiés en anglais dans des revues avec comité de pairs concernant ce sujet dans le contexte canadien. Un total de 31 articles répondant aux critères d’inclusion ont été examinés en détail. Ces articles ont été classés en fonction de l’information disponible sur leurs auteurs, la population à l’étude, la méthodologie, le domaine de la santé et les obstacles mentionnés. Trois thèmes principaux ont émergé de cet examen de portée : l’accès et l’utilisation des soins de première ligne, la promotion de la santé et le dépistage du cancer, ainsi que l’utilisation des services de santé mentale. Les immigrants d’âge avancé font face à des obstacles en termes d’accès aux soins et ceux-ci seraient liés à la littératie en santé, à la langue, à la culture, aux croyances en matière de santé, aux inégalités spatiales et à des circonstances structurelles. L’examen de la portée présente de manière détaillée l’accès aux soins des personnes âgées immigrantes au Canada, et permet de dériver des implications sur les politiques qui permettraient de répondre à leurs besoins qui sont non comblés dans le domaine de la santé.
Determination of computed tomography number of high-density materials in 12-bit, 12-bit extended and 16-bit depth for dosimetric calculation in treatment planning system
Authors: Jayamani Jayapramila , Osman Noor Diyana , Tajuddin Abdul Aziz , Salehi Zaker , Ali Mohd Hanafi , Abdul Aziz Mohd Zahri 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThe main aim was to examine the effect of bit depth on computed tomography (CT) number for high-density materials. Analysis of the CT number for high-density materials using 16-bit scanners will extend the CT scale that currently exists for 12-bit scanners and thus will be beneficial for use in CT–electron density (ED) curve in radiotherapy treatment planning system (TPS). Implementation of this extended CT scale will compensate for tissue heterogeneity during CT–ED conversion in treatment planning.Materials and methodsAn in-house built phantom with 10 different metal samples was scanned using 80, 100 and 120 kVp in two different CT scanners. A region of interest was set at the centre of the material and the mean CT numbers together with data deviation were determined. Dosimetry calculation was performed by applying a direct anterior beam on 12-bit, 12-bit extended and 16-bit.ResultsHigh-density materials (&gt;4·34 g cm−3) in 16-bit depth provide disparities up to 44% compared to Siemens’ 12-bit extended. Influence of tube voltage showed a significant difference (p&lt;0·05) in both bit depth and CT number of the gold and amalgam saturated in 16-bit depth. A 120 kVp energy illustrated a low variation on CT number for different scanners, but dosimetry calculation showed significant disparities at the metal interface in 12-bit, 12-bit extended and 16-bit.FindingsHigh-density materials require 16-bit scanners to obtain CT number to be implemented in treatment planning in radiotherapy. This also suggests that proper tube voltage together with correct CT–ED resulted in accurate TPS algorithm calculation.
FROM NOSTALGIA TO UTOPIA: A GENEALOGY OF FRENCH CONCEPTIONS OF SUPRANATIONALITY (1848–1948)
Authors: CANIHAC HUGO 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis essay investigates the intellectual history of one of the purportedly most “revolutionary” concepts of post-1945 international thought—the concept of supranationality. While the literature has generally analyzed the concept as a direct continuation of progressive cosmopolitan ideas, or, to the contrary, as a political watchword formulated after 1945 to promote the European project, this essay highlights other, more ambiguous origins for the concept. It retraces the early uses of the concept in French debates. It argues that the irruption of supranationality in the political and legal vocabulary was far from revolutionary, as is typically claimed—without referring directly to the writings of the great classical philosophers. Rather, the concept drew on earlier discourses whose emergence can be identified in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century debates, ranging from Catholic thought to international law. To retrace the genealogy of supranationality in the decades preceding the supranational vogue of the 1950s contributes to illuminating the complex intellectual origins of the European Union and of international thought more generally.
Do voters dislike liberalizing reforms? New evidence using data on satisfaction with democracy
Authors: Berggren Niclas , Bjørnskov Christian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince the early 1980s a wave of liberalizing reforms has swept over the world. Using panel data from 30 European countries in the period 1993–2015, we test the hypothesis that such reforms have led to voter dissatisfaction with democracy, since, it is argued, they have been undertaken in a non-transparent way, often during crises, and they have entailed detrimental consequences. The reform measures are constructed as distinct changes in four policy/institutional areas: government size, the rule of law, market openness, and regulation. Our results indicate that while reforms of government size are not robustly related to satisfaction with democracy, reforms of the other three kinds are – and in a way that runs counter to anti-liberalization claims. Reforms that reduce economic freedom are generally related to satisfaction with democracy in a negative way, while reforms that increase economic freedom are associated positively with satisfaction with democracy.