bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical lesions in Sergipe state, Northeastern Brazil: high frequency of a possibly carcinogenic type
Authors: Serra I. G. S. S. , Araujo E. D. , Barros G. S. , Santos F. L. S. G. , Gurgel R. Q. , Batista M. V. A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPersistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer and the prevalence of HPV types varies depending on the geographic region. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence of HPV types in women with cervical lesions from Sergipe state, Northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in women with cervical lesions from March to December 2014. These lesions were investigated by PCR and HPV types were identified by DNA sequencing. 432 patients were included, of which 337 patients tested positive for HPV. Eighteen different HPV types were detected, and high-risk HPV types were detected in 69.2%. HPV 16 (63.4%) was the most prevalent HPV type found, followed by HPV 66 (4.6%), HPV 18 (1.6%) and HPV 45 (1.4%). These results highlight the importance of the high prevalence of HPV 66, which is a possibly carcinogenic virus type not covered by the available vaccines. The prevalence of HPV 16 was high in the studied population, reaffirming the importance of young vaccination. However, the high prevalence of HPV 66 found in this study shows the importance of monitoring the diversity of HPV types in different populations and geographic regions to better understand the impacts of current HPV vaccines.
Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation with anomalous left anterior descending coronary artery
Authors: VanLoozen Dennis , Amin Zahid 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPercutaneous pulmonary valve placement in patients with an anomalous coronary artery is rare and can be complicated by coronary artery compression. We report successful implantation of a percutaneous pulmonary valve in a patient with an anomalous left anterior descending artery.
Auroral Energy Flux Distribution Over the Nightside Auroral Oval Observed by the DMSP F16/SSUSI: Seasonal, Geomagnetic, and Solar Activity Dependences
Authors: Luan Xiaoli , Zhou Su , Dou Xiankang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present work investigates variations in the relative strengths of average premidnight and postmidnight aurorae. The average auroral energy flux data for the southern hemisphere in 2004–2015 are taken from the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16 satellite. The main findings are as follows: (1) In local winter, the maximum auroral energy flux over the oval is located in the premidnight sector (18:00–00:00 magnetic local time) under geomagnetically quiet condition (Kp = 1) and moves toward the postmidnight sector (00:00–06:00 magnetic local time) as the Kp index increases. (2) In local summer, the maximum energy flux occurs in the postmidnight for higher solar activities (F10.7 > 100 sfu). (3) The premidnight bulge of the auroral energy flux is most prominent under winter, solar minimum and geomagnetically quiet (Kp = 1) conditions. (4) Relatively more auroral energy tends to be deposited in the postmidnight sector than in the premidnight sector as Kp increases. These results show that the auroral energy over the nightside oval is redistributed on average as the season, solar flux, and geomagnetic activity change. This would substantially affect the thermosphere and ionosphere at high latitudes.
Observations of Asymmetries in Ionospheric Return Flow During Different Levels of Geomagnetic Activity
Authors: Reistad J. P. , Østgaard N. , Laundal K. M. , Ohma A. , Snekvik K. , Tenfjord P. , Grocott A. , Oksavik K. , Milan S. E. , Haaland S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is known that the magnetic field of the Earth's closed magnetosphere can be highly displaced from the quiet‐day configuration when interacting with the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), an asymmetry largely controlled by the dawn‐dusk component of the IMF. The corresponding ionospheric convection has revealed that footprints in one hemisphere tend to move faster to reduce the displacement, a process we refer to as the restoring of symmetry. Although the influence on the return flow convection from the process of restoring symmetry has been shown to be strongly controlled by the IMF, the influence from internal magnetospheric processes has been less investigated. We use 14 years of line‐of‐sight measurements of the ionospheric plasma convection from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network to produce high‐latitude convection maps sorted by season, IMF, and geomagnetic activity. We find that the restoring symmetry flows dominate the average convection pattern in the nightside ionosphere during low levels of magnetotail activity. For increasing magnetotail activity, signatures of the restoring symmetry process become less and less pronounced in the global average convection maps. We suggest that tail reconnection acts to reduce the asymmetric state of the closed magnetosphere by removing the asymmetric pressure distribution in the tail set up by the IMF By interaction. During active periods the nightside magnetosphere will therefore reach a more symmetric configuration on a global scale. These results are relevant for better understanding the dynamics of flux tubes in the asymmetric geospace, which is the most common state of the system.
Poloidal Mode Wave‐Particle Interactions Inferred From Van Allen Probes and CARISMA Ground‐Based Observations
Authors: Wang C. , Rankin R. , Wang Y. , Zong Q.‐G. , Zhou X. , Takahashi K. , Marchand R. , Degeling A. W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUltralow‐frequency wave and test particle models are used to investigate the pitch angle and energy dependence of ion differential fluxes measured by the Van Allen Probes spacecraft on 6 October 2012. Analysis of the satellite data reveals modulations in differential flux resulting from drift resonance between H+ ions and fundamental mode poloidal Alfvén waves detected near the magnetic equator at L ∼ 5.7. Results obtained from simulations reproduce important features of the observations, including a substantial enhancement of the differential flux between ∼20 and 40° pitch angle for ion energies between ∼90 and 220 keV and an absence of flux modulations at 90°. The numerical results confirm predictions of drift‐bounce resonance theory and show good quantitative agreement with observations of modulations in differential flux produced by ultralow‐frequency waves.
Ionospheric Electron Heating Associated With Pulsating Auroras: Joint Optical and PFISR Observations
Authors: Liang Jun , Donovan E. , Reimer A. , Hampton D. , Zou S. , Varney R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn a recent study, Liang et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024127) repeatedly identified strong electron temperature (Te) enhancements when Swarm satellites traversed pulsating auroral patches. In this study, we use joint optical and Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) observations to further investigate the F region plasma signatures related to pulsating auroras. On 19 March 2015 night, which contained multiple intervals of pulsating auroral activities, we identify a statistical trend, albeit not a one‐to‐one correspondence, of strong Te enhancements (~500–1000 K) in the upper F region ionosphere during the passages of pulsating auroras over PFISR. On the other hand, there is no discernible and repeatable density enhancement in the upper F region during pulsating auroral intervals. Collocated optical and NOAA satellite observations suggest that the pulsating auroras are composed of energetic electron precipitation with characteristic energy >10 keV, which is inefficient in electron heating in the upper F region. Based upon PFISR observations and simulations from Liang et al. (2017) model, we propose that thermal conduction from the topside ionosphere, which is heated by precipitating low‐energy electrons, offers the most likely explanation for the observed electron heating in the upper F region associated with pulsating auroras. Such a heating mechanism is similar to that underlying the “stable auroral red arcs” in the subauroral ionosphere. Our proposal conforms to the notion on the coexistence of an enhanced cold plasma population and the energetic electron precipitation, in magnetospheric flux tubes threading the pulsating auroral patch. In addition, we find a trend of enhanced ion upflows during pulsating auroral intervals.
Structure of the Crust and Mantle Down to 700 km Depth beneath the Longmenshan From P Receiver Functions
Authors: Qian H. , Mechie J. , Li H. , Xue G. , Su H. , Cui X. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSince the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred in 2008 in the Longmenshan at the eastern margin of Tibet, this region has attracted much attention. In order to investigate the deep structure of the region, an analysis of P receiver functions was carried out, using data from an array of 80 broadband seismic stations operated in 2012 and 2013, and straddling the Longmenshan fault zone around the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. Positive Ps conversions from 5 to 10 km depth indicate the base of the Mesozoic sediments in the Sichuan basin and the base of the Songpan‐Ganzi flysch deposits in Tibet. Later positive Ps conversions represent the Moho, which occurs at 40–50 km depth below the Sichuan basin and deepens to the NW to 55–70 km depth under Tibet. An important finding of this study is that whereas in the NE, the Moho deepening from SE to NW is smooth, in the middle and SW of the region the Moho deepening is abrupt with, in some places, a possible overlap. Negative Ps conversions at stations in Tibet represent the top of low shear velocity zones in the middle and lower crusts below Tibet. Beneath the Sichuan basin, a negative phase about 1 s earlier than the Moho Ps conversion is to a large extent, almost certainly due to multiples from discontinuities in the upper crust. Finally, positive Ps conversions can be observed from the 410 and 660‐km discontinuities at the top and bottom of the mantle transition zone, respectively.
Increasing Arctic Sea Ice Albedo Using Localized Reversible Geoengineering
Authors: Field L. , Ivanova D. , Bhattacharyya S. , Mlaker V. , Sholtz A. , Decca R. , Manzara A. , Johnson D. , Christodoulou E. , Walter P. , Katuri K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe rising costs of climate change merit serious evaluation of potential climate restoration solutions. The highest rate of change in climate is observed in the Arctic where the summer ice is diminishing at an accelerated rate. The loss of Arctic sea ice increases radiative forcing and contributes to global warming. Restoring reflectivity of Arctic ice could be a powerful lever to help in the effort to limit global warming to 1.5°C. Polar ice restoration should be considered in planning of 1.5°C pathways. In this paper, a novel localized surface albedo modification technique is presented that shows promise as a method to increase multiyear ice using reflective floating materials, chosen so as to have low subsidiary environmental impact. Detailed climate modeling studying the climate impact of such a method reveals more than 1.5°C cooler temperatures over a large part of the Arctic when simulating global sea ice albedo modification. In a region north of Barents and Kara Seas temperatures have been reduced by 3°C and in North Canada by almost 1°C. Additionally, there are notable increases in sea ice thickness (20–50 cm Arctic wide) and ice concentration (>15–20% across large parts of central Arctic). These results suggest that the geoengineering technology proposed in this study may be a viable instrument for restoring Arctic ice.
Transformer‐Level Modeling of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in New Zealand's South Island
Authors: Divett T. , Richardson G. S. , Beggan C. D. , Rodger C. J. , Boteler D. H. , Ingham M. , Mac Manus D. H. , Thomson A. W. P. , Dalzell M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDuring space weather events, geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can be induced in high‐voltage transmission networks, damaging individual transformers within substations. A common approach to modeling a transmission network has been to assume that every substation can be represented by a single resistance to Earth. We have extended that model by building a transformer‐level network representation of New Zealand's South Island transmission network. We represent every transformer winding at each earthed substation in the network by its known direct current resistance. Using this network representation significantly changes the GIC hazard assessment, compared to assessments based on the earlier assumption. Further, we have calculated the GIC flowing through a single phase of every individual transformer winding in the network. These transformer‐level GIC calculations show variation in GICs between transformers within a substation due to transformer characteristics and connections. The transformer‐level GIC calculations alter the hazard assessment by up to an order of magnitude in some places. In most cases the calculated GIC variations match measured variations in GIC flowing through the same transformers. This comparison with an extensive set of observations demonstrates the importance of transformer‐level GIC calculations in models used for hazard assessment.
Selective elimination of senescent cells by mitochondrial targeting is regulated by ANT2
Authors: Hubackova Sona , Davidova Eliska , Rohlenova Katerina , Stursa Jan , Werner Lukas , Andera Ladislav , Dong LanFeng , Terp Mikkel G. , Hodny Zdenek , Ditzel Henrik J. , Rohlena Jakub , Neuzil Jiri 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCellular senescence is a form of cell cycle arrest that limits the proliferative potential of cells, including tumour cells. However, inability of immune cells to subsequently eliminate senescent cells from the organism may lead to tissue damage, inflammation, enhanced carcinogenesis and development of age-related diseases. We found that the anticancer agent mitochondria-targeted tamoxifen (MitoTam), unlike conventional anticancer agents, kills cancer cells without inducing senescence in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, it also selectively eliminates both malignant and non-cancerous senescent cells. In naturally aged mice treated with MitoTam for 4 weeks, we observed a significant decrease of senescence markers in all tested organs compared to non-treated animals. Mechanistically, we found that the susceptibility of senescent cells to MitoTam is linked to a very low expression level of adenine nucleotide translocase-2 (ANT2), inherent to the senescent phenotype. Restoration of ANT2 in senescent cells resulted in resistance to MitoTam, while its downregulation in non-senescent cells promoted their MitoTam-triggered elimination. Our study documents a novel, translationally intriguing role for an anticancer agent targeting mitochondria, that may result in a new strategy for the treatment of age-related diseases and senescence-associated pathologies.
A novel 8-bp duplication in ADAT3 causes mild intellectual disability
Authors: Salehi Chaleshtori Ahmad Reza , Miyake Noriko , Ahmadvand Mohammad , Bashti Oranous , Matsumoto Naomichi , Noruzinia Mehrdad 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInosine is a base located at wobble position 34 of the tRNA anticodon stem–loop, enabling the recognition of more than one codon in the translation process. A heterodimer consists of ADAT3 and ADAT2 and is involved in the adenosine-to-inosine conversion in tRNA. Here, we report the second novel ADAT3 mutation in a patient with microcephaly, intellectual disability, and hyperactivity. These findings constitute a second mutation and expand the clinical spectrum of extremely rare ADAT3 mutations.
An antibacterial platform based on capacitive carbon-doped TiO2 nanotubes after direct or alternating current charging
Authors: Wang Guomin , Feng Hongqing , Hu Liangsheng , Jin Weihong , Hao Qi , Gao Ang , Peng Xiang , Li Wan , Wong Kwok-Yin , Wang Huaiyu , Li Zhou , Chu Paul K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractElectrical interactions between bacteria and the environment are delicate and essential. In this study, an external electrical current is applied to capacitive titania nanotubes doped with carbon (TNT-C) to evaluate the effects on bacteria killing and the underlying mechanism is investigated. When TNT-C is charged, post-charging antibacterial effects proportional to the capacitance are observed. This capacitance-based antibacterial system works well with both direct and alternating current (DC, AC) and the higher discharging capacity in the positive DC (DC+) group leads to better antibacterial performance. Extracellular electron transfer observed during early contact contributes to the surface-dependent post-charging antibacterial process. Physiologically, the electrical interaction deforms the bacteria morphology and elevates the intracellular reactive oxygen species level without impairing the growth of osteoblasts. Our finding spurs the design of light-independent antibacterial materials and provides insights into the use of electricity to modify biomaterials to complement other bacteria killing measures such as light irradiation.
Oxygen and Pt(II) self-generating conjugate for synergistic photo-chemo therapy of hypoxic tumor
Authors: Xu Shuting , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhang Chuan , Huang Wei , Zhou Yongfeng , Yan Deyue 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCancer cells in hypoxic tumors are remarkably resistant to photodynamic therapy. Here, we hypothesize that an oxygen and Pt(II) self-generating multifunctional nanocomposite could reverse the hypoxia-triggered PDT resistance. The nanocomposite contains Pt(IV) and chlorin e6, in which upconversion nanoparticles are loaded to convert 980 nm near-infrared light into 365 nm and 660 nm emissions. Upon accumulation at the tumor site, a 980 nm laser is used to trigger the nanocomposite to generate O2 for consumption in the PDT process and to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. The composite also releases active Pt(II) for synergistic photo-chemo therapy to enhance antitumor efficiency. The oxygen and Pt(II) self-generating prodrug is shown to have high potential to inhibit tumors out of the range of UV light, to overcome the hypoxia-triggered PDT resistance and significantly improve anticancer efficacy by the synergistic PDT-chemotherapy.
Cultural hitchhiking and competition between patrilineal kin groups explain the post-Neolithic Y-chromosome bottleneck
Authors: Zeng Tian Chen , Aw Alan J. , Feldman Marcus W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn human populations, changes in genetic variation are driven not only by genetic processes, but can also arise from cultural or social changes. An abrupt population bottleneck specific to human males has been inferred across several Old World (Africa, Europe, Asia) populations 5000–7000 BP. Here, bringing together anthropological theory, recent population genomic studies and mathematical models, we propose a sociocultural hypothesis, involving the formation of patrilineal kin groups and intergroup competition among these groups. Our analysis shows that this sociocultural hypothesis can explain the inference of a population bottleneck. We also show that our hypothesis is consistent with current findings from the archaeogenetics of Old World Eurasia, and is important for conceptions of cultural and social evolution in prehistory.
In situ edge engineering in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Sang Xiahan , Li Xufan , Zhao Wen , Dong Jichen , Rouleau Christopher M. , Geohegan David B. , Ding Feng , Xiao Kai , Unocic Raymond R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExerting synthetic control over the edge structure and chemistry of two-dimensional (2D) materials is of critical importance to direct the magnetic, optical, electrical, and catalytic properties for specific applications. Here, we directly image the edge evolution of pores in Mo1−xW
x
Se2 monolayers via atomic-resolution in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and demonstrate that these edges can be structurally transformed to theoretically predicted metastable atomic configurations by thermal and chemical driving forces. Density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations explain the observed thermally induced structural evolution and exceptional stability of the four most commonly observed edges based on changing chemical potential during thermal annealing. The coupling of modeling and in situ STEM imaging in changing chemical environments demonstrated here provides a pathway for the predictive and controlled atomic scale manipulation of matter for the directed synthesis of edge configurations in Mo1
−

x
W
x
Se2 to achieve desired functionality.
Cell surface flip-flop of phosphatidylserine is critical for PIEZO1-mediated myotube formation
Authors: Tsuchiya Masaki , Hara Yuji , Okuda Masaki , Itoh Karin , Nishioka Ryotaro , Shiomi Akifumi , Nagao Kohjiro , Mori Masayuki , Mori Yasuo , Ikenouchi Junichi , Suzuki Ryo , Tanaka Motomu , Ohwada Tomohiko , Aoki Junken , Kanagawa Motoi , Toda Tatsushi , Nagata Yosuke , Matsuda Ryoichi , Takayama Yasunori , Tominaga Makoto , Umeda Masato 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMyotube formation by fusion of myoblasts and subsequent elongation of the syncytia is essential for skeletal muscle formation. However, molecules that regulate myotube formation remain elusive. Here we identify PIEZO1, a mechanosensitive Ca2+ channel, as a key regulator of myotube formation. During myotube formation, phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid that resides in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, is transiently exposed to cell surface and promotes myoblast fusion. We show that cell surface phosphatidylserine inhibits PIEZO1 and that the inward translocation of phosphatidylserine, which is driven by the phospholipid flippase complex of ATP11A and CDC50A, is required for PIEZO1 activation. PIEZO1-mediated Ca2+ influx promotes RhoA/ROCK-mediated actomyosin assemblies at the lateral cortex of myotubes, thus preventing uncontrolled fusion of myotubes and leading to polarized elongation during myotube formation. These results suggest that cell surface flip-flop of phosphatidylserine acts as a molecular switch for PIEZO1 activation that governs proper morphogenesis during myotube formation.
Live-cell single-molecule dynamics of PcG proteins imposed by the DIPG H3.3K27M mutation
Authors: Tatavosian Roubina , Duc Huy Nguyen , Huynh Thao Ngoc , Fang Dong , Schmitt Benjamin , Shi Xiaodong , Deng Yiming , Phiel Christopher , Yao Tingting , Zhang Zhiguo , Wang Haobin , Ren Xiaojun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver 80% of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) harbor a point mutation in histone H3.3 where lysine 27 is substituted with methionine (H3.3K27M); however, how the mutation affects kinetics and function of PcG proteins remains elusive. We demonstrate that H3.3K27M prolongs the residence time and search time of Ezh2, but has no effect on its fraction bound to chromatin. In contrast, H3.3K27M has no effect on the residence time of Cbx7, but prolongs its search time and decreases its fraction bound to chromatin. We show that increasing expression of Cbx7 inhibits the proliferation of DIPG cells and prolongs its residence time. Our results highlight that the residence time of PcG proteins directly correlates with their functions and the search time of PcG proteins is critical for regulating their genomic occupancy. Together, our data provide mechanisms in which the cancer-causing histone mutation alters the binding and search dynamics of epigenetic complexes.