bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Bamboo Forest for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change Challenges in China
Authors: Terefe Regassa , Jian Liu , Kunyong Yu 
Published: July 2019

Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants on the planet, with many attributes which make it a useful potential resource for humankind. Though having fast growth and good regeneration performance after harvesting is a unique characteristic of the specie. It enhances a high carbon storage potential particularly when the harvested culms are transformed into durable products. China has many bamboo species with distribution and area coverage's, and highly connected in using the production of bamboo resources. Its characteristics make it an ideal solution for the environmental and social consequences of tropical deforestation. This review paper aims to assess the contribution of bamboo in mitigating and adapting impacts of climate change and its importance regarding ecological and socio-economic benefits. The review summarised the role of bamboo forests towards mitigating and adapting its potential to overcome the impacts of climate change currently seen globally and particularly to China. Therefore, advancing bamboo farming systems at different levels, it's advantages to reduce greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and expanding bamboo forests in future under wider use and intensive management is recommended.
A mouse model and 19F NMR approach to investigate the effects of sialic acid supplementation on cognitive development
Authors: Chung Youngran , Mohanakrishnan Raagav , Brossmer Reinhard , Gong Qizhi , Lönnerdal Bo , Jue Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Researchers have observed that a sialic acid (Sia)‐supplemented neonatal diet leads to improved cognition in weanling piglets. However, whether cognitive improvement appears with different physiological backgrounds and persists into adulthood is not known. Here, we have established a convenient mouse model and used an 19F NMR approach to address these questions, test the conditionally essential nutrient hypothesis about Sia supplementation, and assess the prospect of measuring Sia metabolism directly in vivo. Indeed, the neonatal mouse brain uptakes more Sia than the adult brain, and Sia supplementation of neonatal mice improves the cognitive performance of adult mice. The non‐invasive 19F NMR approach and viable mouse model opens unique opportunities for clarifying the interplay of nutritional supplementation, metabolism, and cognitive development.
Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine Use With Adherence to Prescribed Western Rheumatic Medications Among Chinese American Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Sun Kai , Szymonifka Jackie , Tian Henghe , Chang Yaju , Leng Jennifer C. , Mandl Lisa A. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveChinese Americans are a fast‐growing immigrant group with worse rheumatic disease outcomes compared to white populations and frequently use traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Whether TCM use is associated with lower adherence to Western rheumatic medications is unknown. The present study was undertaken to examine adherence to Western medications for systemic rheumatic diseases in the Chinese American immigrant population and its association with TCM use.MethodsChinese Americans actively treated for a systemic rheumatic disease were recruited from 2 Chinatown clinics. Sociodemographic, TCM use, and clinical data were gathered. Self‐reported health status was assessed using Patient‐Reported Outcome Measurement Information System short forms. Adherence was stratified using the 8‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Factors independently associated with high adherence were identified using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf 230 subjects, the median age was 55 years (range 20–97 years), 65% were female, 71% had a high school education or less, 70% were enrolled in Medicaid, and 22% reported fluency in English. The most common rheumatic diagnoses were rheumatoid arthritis (41%), systemic lupus erythematosus (17%), and seronegative spondyloarthropathies (15%). One‐half reported TCM use in the past year, and 28% reported high adherence to Western rheumatic medications. In multivariable analysis, high adherence was associated with TCM use (odds ratio [OR] 3.96, P < 0.001), being married (OR 3.69, P = 0.004), medication regimen complexity (OR 1.13, P = 0.004), and older age (OR 1.06, P < 0.001), and was negatively associated with anxiety (OR 0.94, P = 0.001).ConclusionWhile adherence to Western rheumatic medications was low in this cohort, interestingly, it was higher among TCM users compared to nonusers. TCM use appears to represent a complementary rather than an alternate approach to disease management for these patients. Future studies should evaluate whether TCM use is associated with better disease outcomes.
Patient and Caregiver Priorities for Medication Adherence in Gout, Osteoporosis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Nominal Group Technique
Authors: Kelly Ayano , Tymms Kathleen , de Wit Maarten , Bartlett Susan J. , Cross Marita , Dawson Therese , De Vera Mary , Evans Vicki , Gill Michael , Hassett Geraldine , Lim Irwin , Manera Karine , Major Gabor , March Lyn , O’Neill Sean , Scholte-Voshaar Marieke , Sinnathurai Premarani , Sumpton Daniel , Teixeira‐Pinto Armando , Tugwell Peter , van den Bemt Bart , Tong Allison 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify and prioritize factors important to patients and caregivers with regard to medication adherence in gout, osteoporosis (OP), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to describe the reasons for their decisions.MethodsPatients with gout, OP, and RA and their caregivers, purposively sampled from 5 rheumatology clinics in Australia, identified and ranked factors that they considered important for medication adherence using nominal group technique and discussed their decisions. An importance score (IS; scale 0–1) was calculated, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically.ResultsFrom 14 focus groups, 82 participants (67 patients and 15 caregivers) identified 49 factors. The top 5 factors based on the ranking of all participants were trust in doctor (IS 0.46), medication effectiveness (IS 0.31), doctor’s knowledge (IS 0.25), side effects (IS 0.23), and medication‐taking routine (IS 0.13). The order of the ranking varied by participant groupings, with patients ranking “trust in doctor” the highest, while caregivers ranked “side effects” the highest. The 5 themes reflecting the reasons for factors influencing adherence were as follows: motivation and certainty in supportive individualized care; living well and restoring function; fear of toxicity and cumulative harm; seeking control and involvement; and unnecessarily difficult and inaccessible.ConclusionFactors related to the doctor, medication properties, and patients’ medication knowledge and routine were important for adherence. Strengthening doctor–patient trust and partnership, managing side effects, and empowering patients with knowledge and skills for taking medication could enhance medication adherence in patients with rheumatic conditions.
Education, Home Exercise, and Supervised Exercise for People With Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis As Part of a Nationwide Implementation Program: Data From the Better Management of Patients With Osteoarthritis Registry
Authors: Dell'Isola Andrea , Jönsson Thérése , Ranstam Jonas , Dahlberg Leif E. , Ekvall Hansson Eva 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of education (ED) plus home exercise (HE) and ED plus supervised exercise (SE) according to information provided by the Better Management of Patients With Osteoarthritis (BOA) Registry, a nationally implemented rehabilitation program for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). In addition, we investigated whether or not the effect of the treatments differed based on the joint affected by OA (hip versus knee).MethodsWe included 38,030 participants from the BOA Registry with knee or hip OA who were treated with either ED, HE, or SE. The effect of the 3 treatment options on the pain intensity reduction (range 0–10) immediately postintervention and at 12 months was estimated using a mixed‐effects model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, affected joint (hip or knee), pain at baseline, comorbidity, and level of education.ResultsThe participants undergoing HE or SE experienced a greater pain reduction compared to participants who received ED, both after the treatment (group mean change for ED –0.91 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) –1.15, –0.68], for HE –1.06 [95% CI –1.10, –1.01], and for SE –1.12 [95% CI –1.15, –1.08]) and at 12 months (group mean change for ED –0.58 [95% CI –0.87, –0.30], for HE –0.82 [95% CI –0.87, –0.76], and for SE –0.82 [95% CI –0.86, –0.77]). Patients with knee OA who underwent HE or SE improved more compared to patients with hip OA at both follow‐ups.ConclusionIn primary care, HE and SE lead to similar reductions in pain intensity but are more effective than ED alone. In addition, people with knee OA benefit more from HE and SE than people with hip OA.
Quality of Care for Knee Osteoarthritis in Primary Care: A Patient’s Perspective
Authors: Spitaels David , Vankrunkelsven Patrik , Grypdonck Lies , Dusar Frank-Robberecht , Aertgeerts Bert , Luyten Frank P. , Hermens Rosella P. M. G. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the quality of osteoarthritis care in general practice from a patient’s perspective and to identify novel associations between process quality indicators and patient‐reported outcome and experience measures.MethodsFor this study, 235 individuals with knee osteoarthritis completed a survey based on both process and outcome indicators. Process indicators were extracted from international guidelines and included the domains: diagnosis, self‐management, treatment, and follow‐up. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and RAND 36‐item Short Form health survey (SF‐36) were used to assess patient‐reported outcomes. Patient‐reported experience with care was evaluated with the European Task Force on Patient Evaluations of General Practice Care (EUROPEP) instrument. A series of multilevel regression analyses were then performed to analyze determinants at the patient level (i.e., age, sex, body mass index, and education) and associations between process and outcome indicators.ResultsOverall, low adherence to the process indicators was observed (38%), particularly on informing patients about the importance of weight loss (24% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 19–31]) or referring them for physical therapy (41% [95% CI 33–49]). Patients described their quality of life as moderate, with an overall score of 63% and 35% on the SF‐36 and WOMAC surveys, respectively. Regarding the determinants, patients with a higher education level were better informed (odds ratio [OR] 3.4; P = 0.0003). Associations between process and outcome indicators were scarce, with the exception of patient satisfaction with care and use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR 2.9; P = 0.0014).ConclusionPatients with knee osteoarthritis receive suboptimal conservative management. They report a moderate quality of life. This study confirms the evidence suggesting that NSAIDs are the backbone of osteoarthritis pain management but also adds evidence from a patient’s perspective.
Achieving the Upper Bound of Piezoelectric Response in Tunable, Wearable 3D Printed Nanocomposites
Authors: Yao Desheng , Cui Huachen , Hensleigh Ryan , Smith Parker , Alford Sam , Bernero Dominic , Bush Sydney , Mann Kyle , Wu H. Felix , Chin‐Nieh Marvin , Youmans Garrett , Zheng Xiaoyu (Rayne) 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe trade‐off between processability and functional responses presents significant challenges for incorporating piezoelectric materials as potential 3D printable feedstock. Structural compliance and electromechanical coupling sensitivity have been tightly coupled: high piezoelectric responsiveness comes at the cost of low compliance. Here, the formulation and design strategy are presented for a class of a 3D printable, wearable piezoelectric nanocomposite that approaches the upper bound of piezoelectric charge constants while maintaining high compliance. An effective electromechanical interphase model is introduced to elucidate the effects of interfacial functionalization between the highly concentrated perovskite nanoparticulate inclusions (exceeding 74 wt%) and light‐sensitive monomer matrix, shedding light on the significant enhancement of piezoelectric coefficients. It is shown that, through theoretical calculation and experimental validations, maximizing the functionalization level approaches the theoretical upper bound of the piezoelectric constant d33 at any given loading concentration. Based on these findings, their applicability is demonstrated by designing and 3D printing piezoelectric materials that simultaneously achieve high electromechanical sensitivity and structural functionality, as highly sensitive wearables that detect low pressure air (<50 Pa) coming from different directions, as well as wireless, self‐sensing sporting gloves for simultaneous impact absorption and punching force mapping.
Deep Learning Reveals Underlying Physics of Light–Matter Interactions in Nanophotonic Devices
Authors: Kiarashinejad Yashar , Abdollahramezani Sajjad , Zandehshahvar Mohammadreza , Hemmatyar Omid , Adibi Ali 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a deep learning‐based algorithm is presented, as a purely mathematical platform, for providing intuitive understanding of the properties of electromagnetic (EM) wave–matter interaction in nanostructures. This approach is based on using the dimensionality reduction (DR) technique to significantly reduce the dimensionality of a generic EM wave‐matter interaction problem without imposing significant error. Such an approach implicitly provides useful information about the role of different features (such as geometrical design parameters) of the nanostructure in its response functionality. To demonstrate the practical capabilities of this DL‐based technique, it is applied to a reconfigurable optical metadevice enabling dual‐band and triple‐band optical absorption in the telecommunication window. Combination of the proposed approach with existing commercialized full‐wave simulation tools offers a powerful toolkit to extract basic mechanisms of wave–matter interaction in complex EM devices and facilitate the design and optimization of nanostructures for a large range of applications including imaging, spectroscopy, and signal processing. It is worth mentioning that the demonstrated approach is general and can be used in a large range of problems as long as enough training data are provided.
Plasmonic Photothermal Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kim Minho , Lee Jung‐Hoon , Nam Jwa‐Min 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent advances of plasmonic nanoparticles include fascinating developments in the fields of energy, catalyst chemistry, optics, biotechnology, and medicine. The plasmonic photothermal properties of metallic nanoparticles are of enormous interest in biomedical fields because of their strong and tunable optical response and the capability to manipulate the photothermal effect by an external light source. To date, most biomedical applications using photothermal nanoparticles have focused on photothermal therapy; however, to fully realize the potential of these particles for clinical and other applications, the fundamental properties of photothermal nanoparticles need to be better understood and controlled, and the photothermal effect‐based diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics should be thoroughly explored. This Progress Report summarizes recent advances in the understanding and applications of plasmonic photothermal nanoparticles, particularly for sensing, imaging, therapy, and drug delivery, and discusses the future directions of these fields.
Granulocytic Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells Promote the Stemness of Colorectal Cancer Cells through Exosomal S100A9
Authors: Wang Yungang , Yin Kai , Tian Jie , Xia Xueli , Ma Jie , Tang Xinyi , Xu Huaxi , Wang Shengjun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCancer stem cells play a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote tumor progression through multiple mechanisms in CRC. The roles of MDSCs in CRC cell stemness are unclear. MDSC‐derived exosomes are proposed to act as intercellular messengers. Herein, it is reported that granulocytic MDSCs (G‐MDSCs) promote CRC cell stemness and progression in mice through exosomes. It is found that S100A9, is highly expressed in G‐MDSC‐derived exosomes, and its blockade suppresses CRC cell stemness and the susceptibility of mice to AOM/DSS‐induced colitis‐associated colon cancer. Hypoxia induces G‐MDSCs to secrete more exosomes in a hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α)‐dependent manner, and respiratory hyperoxia can reduce CRC cells stemness through the inhibition of GM‐Exo production. Study‐based CRC patients also show that human MDSCs enhance CRC cell stemness and growth via exosomal S100A9, and plasma exosomal S100A9 level in CRC patients is markedly higher than that in healthy subjects. Thus, this study suggests that G‐MDSCs promote CRC cell stemness and growth through exosomal S100A9. Moreover, respiratory hyperoxia may be a beneficial strategy to reduce CRC cells stemness through the inhibition of GM‐Exo production. MDSCs exosomal S100A9 may be a marker for predicting the development of CRC.
Efficacy and safety of anticoagulant prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism in Japanese patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Hata Taishi , Yasui Masayoshi , Ikeda Masataka , Miyake Masakazu , Ide Yoshihito , Okuyama Masaki , Ikenaga Masakazu , Kitani Kotaro , Morita Shunji , Matsuda Chu , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Murata Kohei , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Nezu Riichiro , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro ,   For Clinical Study Group of Osaka University Colorectal Group (CSGOCG) Investigators
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant prophylaxis to prevent postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) during laparoscopic colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery, which is unknown in Japanese patients.MethodsWe conducted this randomized controlled trial at nine institutions in Japan from 2011 to 2015. It included 302 eligible patients aged 20 years or older who underwent elective laparoscopic surgery for CRC. Patients were randomly assigned to an intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) therapy group or to an IPC + anticoagulation therapy group. Anticoagulation therapy comprised fondaparinux or enoxaparin for postoperative VTE prophylaxis. Postoperative VTE was diagnosed based on enhanced multi‐detector helical computed tomography. The primary endpoint was VTE incidence, including asymptomatic cases, the secondary endpoint was incidence of major bleeding, and we conducted an intention‐to‐treat analysis. This study is registered in UMINCTR (UMIN000008435).ResultsPostoperative VTE incidence was 5.10% with IPC therapy (n = 157) and 2.76% with IPC + anticoagulant therapy (n = 145; P = .293). We identified no symptomatic VTE cases. The major bleeding rates were 1.27% with IPC alone and 1.38% with the combination (P = .936). The overall bleeding rates were 7.69% for enoxaparin and 13.6% for fondaparinux (P = .500), and there were no bleeding‐related deaths.ConclusionAnticoagulant prophylaxis did not reduce the incidence of VTE and the incidence of major bleeding was comparable between the two groups. Usefulness of perioperative anticoagulation was not demonstrated in this study. Pharmacological prophylaxis must be restricted in Japanese patients with higher risk of VTE.
Associations between daily‐on‐the job hassles with perceived mental exertion and depression symptoms in taxi drivers
Authors: Burgel Barbara J. , Elshatarat Rami A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionTaxi drivers experience frequent hassles that may contribute to mental exertion and depression symptoms.AimMental exertion and depression symptoms in taxi drivers are explored in association with hassles, effort‐reward imbalance, job strain, and iso‐strain.MethodsPersonal interviews were conducted with 130 drivers in San Francisco.ResultsMental exertion averaged 4.5 (±2.68) and physical exertion averaged 3.71 (±2.1) on 0 to 10 Borg scales. Based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression scale, 38% had depression symptoms. Mental exertion and depression symptoms correlated with job strain, iso‐strain and effort‐reward imbalance in anticipated directions, lending construct validity to the Borg mental exertion scale. Physical exertion, night shift, stressful personal events, and being uninsured for healthcare predicted mental exertion. Lack of respect by dispatchers and stressful personal events predicted depression symptoms.ConclusionSelected hassles may be remedied by communication trainings, emphasizing mutual respect. Recognition and treatment of depression in taxi drivers are important.
Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones through Visible Light‐Induced Decarboxylative Sulfonylation of Cinnamic Acids with Disulfides
Authors: Li Xuezhi , Wang Min , Wang Zhihui , Wang Lei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVisible light‐induced decarboxylative sulfonylation of cinnamic acids with disulfides for the synthesis of vinyl sulfones was developed. The reaction underwent smoothly in the presence of Ru(Phen)3(PF6)2 as a photocatalyst, Cs2CO3 as a base in DMSO at room temperature under blue LED (450–455 nm) irradiation and air atmosphere, generating the desired products in good yields. It provides an alternative route to vinyl sulfones with disulfides as sulfonylation reagent in the advantages of mild conditions, simple system and wide functional group tolerance.
Progress on Selective Acylation of Carbohydrate Hydroxyl Groups
Authors: Ren Bo , Zhang Li , Zhang Mengyao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSugars have always been an important component of drugs, and their design, discovery, synthesis and preparation play an important role in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. To synthesize functional oligosaccharides, we need to perform a variety of selective hydroxyl protections of monosaccharides to synthesize functional sugar building blocks. Among these protection reactions, acylation is the most commonly used method to protect the hydroxyl groups in sugars. Regioselective acylation of saccharide hydroxyl groups needs to be achieved by catalysts. How to efficiently synthesize the target products and how to develop more selective, wider ranging, and more environmentally friendly chemical methods are a consistent goal pursued by chemistry researchers. This paper mainly introduces the research progress on six kinds of approaches for the regioselective acylation of sugar hydroxyl groups: those based on organotin, organoboron, organosilicon, metal salts, hydrogen‐bonding small organic molecules and enzyme reagents. Finally, the Minireview also summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of these catalysts and prospects for the selective acylation of sugar hydroxyl groups.