bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family-centred oral health promotion through Victorian child-health services: a pilot
Authors: Heilbrunn-Lang Adina Y , Carpenter Lauren M , de Silva Andrea M , Meyenn Lisa K , Lang Gillian , Ridge Allison , Perry Amanda , Cole Deborah , Hegde Shalika 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Maternal and Child Health Services (MCHS) provide ideal settings for oral disease prevention. In Victoria (Australia), child mouth-checks (Lift-the-Lip) and oral health promotion (OHP) occur during MCHS child visits. This study trialled Tooth-Packs (OHP resources, toothbrushes, toothpastes) distribution within MCHS to (i) assess the impacts of Tooth-Packs distribution on child and family oral health (OH) behaviours and knowledge, including Maternal and Child Health Nurses (MCHN) child referral practices to dental services, and (ii) determine the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating Tooth-Packs distribution into MCHN OHP practices. A mixed-methods evaluation design was employed. MCHN from four high-needs Victorian Local Government Areas distributed Tooth-Packs to families of children attending 18-month and/or 24-month MCHS visits (baseline). Families completed a questionnaire on OH and dietary practices at baseline and 30-month follow-up. Tooth-Packs distribution, Lift-the-lip mouth-checks and child OH referrals were conducted. Guided discussions with MCHN examined intervention feasibility. Overall, 1585 families received Tooth-Packs. Lift-the-lip was conducted on 1493 children (94.1%). Early childhood caries were identified in 142 children (9.5%) and these children were referred to dental services. Baseline to follow-up behavioural improvements (n = 230) included: increased odds of children having ever seen an OH professional (OR 28.0; 95% CI 7.40–236.88; p &lt; 0.001), parent assisted toothbrushing twice/day (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.05–3.00; p = 0.030) and toothpaste use &gt;once/day (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.59–5.24; p &lt; 0.001). MCHN recommendations included distribution of Tooth-Packs to at-risk children &lt;12-months of age. MCHS provide an ideal setting to enable timely family-centred OHP intervention and adoption of good OH behaviours at an early age.
Ketoacidosis related to sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors after emergency coronary surgery
Authors: Horikoshi Rihito , Kitamura Tadashi , Miyaji Kagami 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are currently widely used antihyperglycaemic medications that are considered to be associated with euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis. We report 2 cases of patients who received sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors until emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and developed euglycaemic ketoacidosis after surgery; they were treated with sugar replenishment and insulin infusion. In one case, coronary angiography revealed a spastic change of the bypass graft possibly due to severe acidosis. A rapid diagnosis and proper intervention are crucial to achieve better outcomes with CABG.
Can Rotational Fluxes Impede the Tendency Toward Spatial Homogeneity in Nutrient Taxis(-Stokes) Systems?
Authors: Winkler Michael 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We consider the spatially 2D version of the model $$\begin{equation*} \qquad\quad\left\{ \begin{array}{@{}rcll} n_t + u\cdot\nabla n &=& \Delta n - \nabla \cdot \big(nS(x,n,c) \cdot \nabla c \big), \qquad &\qquad x\in \Omega, \ t&gt;0, \\ c_t + u\cdot \nabla c &=& \Delta c - n f(c), \qquad &\qquad x\in \Omega, \ t&gt;0, \\ u_t &=& \Delta u + \nabla P + n\nabla\phi, \qquad \nabla\cdot u=0, \qquad &\qquad x\in \Omega, \ t&gt;0, \end{array} \right. \qquad \qquad (\star) \end{equation*}$$for nutrient taxis processes, possibly interacting with liquid environments. Here the particular focus is on the situation when the chemotactic sensitivity $S$ is not a scalar function but rather attains general values in ${\mathbb{R}}^{2\times 2}$, thus accounting for rotational flux components in accordance with experimental findings and recent modeling approaches. Reflecting significant new challenges that mainly stem from apparent loss of energy-like structures, especially for initial data with large size, the knowledge on ($\star$) so far seems essentially restricted to results on global existence of certain generalized solutions with possibly quite poor boundedness and regularity properties; widely unaddressed seem aspects related to possible effects of such non-diagonal taxis mechanisms on the qualitative solution behavior, especially with regard to the fundamental question whether spatial structures may thereby be supported. The present work answers the latter in the negative in the following sense: under the assumptions that the initial data $(n_0,c_0,u_0)$ and the parameter functions $S$, $f$, and $\phi$ are sufficiently smooth, and that $S$ is bounded and $f$ is positive on $(0,\infty )$ with $f(0)=0$, it is shown that any nontrivial of these solutions eventually becomes smooth and satisfies $$\begin{equation*} n(\cdot,t)\to - \int_\Omega n_0, \quad c(\cdot,t)\to 0 \quad \text{and} \quad u(\cdot,t)\to 0 \qquad \text{as} \ t\to\infty, \end{equation*}$$uniformly with respect to $x\in \Omega$. By not requiring any smallness condition on the initial data, the latter seems new even in the corresponding fluid-free version obtained on letting $u\equiv 0$ in ($\star$).
Jejunal interposition for short bowel syndrome in a septuagenarian
Authors: Gee Tikfu , Lim Shu Yu , Sudhakaran Nadarajan , Hassan Muhammad Firdaus 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Short bowel syndrome in adults occurs as a result of massive small intestinal resection commonly due to severe Crohn’s disease, volvulus or tumors. Diarrhea and weight loss are hallmarks of malabsorption which are aggravated if the colon is removed along with the small intestinal resection. Enteral nutrition autonomy is difficult to achieve in such cases of malabsorption where parenteral nutrition are required more often than not. We report a case of short bowel syndrome with severe malabsorption following extensive small bowel removal. The patient eventually underwent intestinal rehabilitation surgery and achieved independence from parenteral nutrition.
Thiol redox-regulation for efficient adjustment of sulfur metabolism in acclimation to abiotic stress
Authors: Telman Wilena , Dietz Karl-Josef 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Sulfur assimilation and sulfur metabolism are tightly controlled at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels in order to meet the demand for reduced sulfur in growth and metabolism. These regulatory mechanisms coordinate the cellular sulfhydryl supply with carbon and nitrogen assimilation in particular. Redox homeostasis is an important cellular parameter intimately connected to sulfur by means of multiple thiol modifications. Post-translational thiol modifications such as disulfide formation, sulfenylation, S-nitrosylation, persulfidation, and S-glutathionylation allow for versatile switching and adjustment of protein functions. This review focuses on redox-regulation of enzymes involved in the sulfur assimilation pathway, namely adenosine 5´-phosphosulfate reductase (APR), adenosine 5´-phosphosulfate kinase (APSK), and γ-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL). The activity of these enzymes is adjusted at the transcriptional and post-translational level depending on physiological requirements and the state of the redox and reactive oxygen species network, which are tightly linked to abiotic stress conditions. Hormone-dependent fine-tuning contributes to regulation of sulfur assimilation. Thus, the link between oxylipin signalling and sulfur assimilation has been substantiated by identification of the so-called COPS module in the chloroplast with its components cyclophilin 20–3, O-acetylserine thiol lyase, 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin, and serine acetyl transferase. We now have a detailed understanding of how regulation enables the fine-tuning of sulfur assimilation under both normal and abiotic stress conditions.
An Update on Hardening: A Qualitative Review
Authors: Hughes John R 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
This review examines the evidence for the hardening hypothesis; that is, the prevalence of (1) becoming a former smoker is decreasing over time due to (2) decreased quit attempts, or (3) decreased success on a given quit attempt.

Methods
PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, trial registries, and other databases were searched for population-based surveys that reported whether one of the aforementioned three outcomes decreased over time.

Results
None of the 26 studies found that conversion from current to former smoking, number of quit attempts, or success on a given quit attempt decreased over time and several found these increased over time. These results appeared to be similar across survey dates, duration of time examined, number of data points, data source, outcome definitions, and nationality.

Conclusions
These results convincingly indicate hardening is not occurring in the general population of smokers. On the other hand, the prevalence of smoking is declining less among older and women smokers, and smokers with low education, low income, psychological problems, alcohol or drug abuse, medical problems, and greater nicotine dependence, than among those without these characteristics, presumably due to less quitting. Why this has not lead to decreased success in stopping smoking in the general population is unclear.

Implications
Some have argued that a greater emphasis on harm reduction and more intensive or dependence-based treatments are needed because remaining smokers are those who are less likely to stop with current methods. This review finds no or little evidence for this assumption. Psychosocial factors, such as low education and psychiatric problems, predict less ability to quit and appear to becoming more prevalent among smokers. Why this is not leading to decreased quitting in the general population is an anomaly that may be worth trying to understand.
Let’s Join the Lane: The Role of Infectious Diseases Physicians in Preventing Gun Violence
Authors: Zheng Crystal , Mushatt David 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
On November 7, 2018, the National Rifle Association (NRA) issued a tweet advising “self-important anti-gun doctors to stay in their lane.” The tweet has galvanized physicians to share their experiences with gun violence through the grassroots #ThisISOurLane campaign. Infectious diseases physicians are regularly called upon to manage complications such as infected wounds and osteomyelitis in gunshot victims. Yet, Infectious Diseases as a specialty has been poorly represented in the national dialogue on gun violence. Over 80 medical societies have endorsed statements on gun violence, including the American College of Physicians (ACP) and the American College of Cardiology; the Infectious Diseases Society of America has not. We argue that gun violence does affect the Infectious Diseases community and issue a call to action to engage in the conversation, advocate for our patients, and join with other medical societies in affirming a commitment to gun violence prevention.
Novel Endovascular Neck Reconstruction and Coiling Technique for the Treatment of a Large Wide-Necked Basilar Apex Aneurysm Through a Radial Artery Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Sorenson Thomas J , Lanzino Giuseppe , Rangel Castilla Leonardo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a case of a large, wide-necked, basilar apex aneurysm (BAA) that was treated with neck reconstruction-assisted coil embolization using the PulseRider device (PulsarVascular, Los Gatos, California), a novel neck-reconstruction device. A 68-yr-old man was found to have large BAA during work-up for sinusitis. Computed tomography angiogram revealed an 11 × 10-mm BAA. Patient has history of coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation (currently taking Warfarin), recent left hip replacement and right femoral bypass. Treatment of the aneurysm was advised due to its location and size. Microsurgical clip reconstruction was high risk for general anesthesia due to his medical comorbidities and anticoagulation. Wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms are challenging to treat with traditional balloon- or stent-assisted techniques. To mitigate these challenges, novel neck-reconstruction devices have been developed. The Pulsar is one of these neck-reconstruction devices that removes the need to selectively catheterize branch arteries; it is available in a “Y” and “T” configuration. Under conscious sedation and through a radial artery approach, the patient underwent endovascular reconstruction of BAA with Pulsar device and coils. A 6-Fr guide catheter, a 0.021" microcatheter for the Pulsar device and a 0.017" microcatheter for coil delivering were used. A 3 × 8.6 mm Pulsar device was selected based on aneurysm neck and basilar artery measurements. Complete embolization (Raymond-Roy 1 obliteration) of the aneurysm was successfully achieved with no complications. The patient remained neurologically intact and was discharged on postoperative day 1.
Parts of this video were published in Intracranial Aneurysms (1st Edition), Ringer (Ed), online companion to chapter 33B, Copyright Elsevier (2018).
Brief Report: Higher Levels of Angiopoietin-1 Are Associated With Early and Sustained Viral Suppression in Children Living With Vertically Acquired HIV
Authors: Gulhati Vishrut , Soo Jeremy , Ransy Doris G. , Brophy Jason , Kakkar Fatima , Bitnun Ari , Samson Lindy , Read Stanley , Soudeyns Hugo , Hawkes Michael T. ,   for EPIC4 Study Group
Published: March 2019

Background:
Systemic inflammation, platelet dysfunction, and endothelial activation persist in people living with HIV despite sustained virologic suppression (SVS) with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and may lead to complications such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) is a key regulator of angiogenesis and endothelial activation and has been studied as an objective biomarker in disease states such as atherosclerosis, sepsis, and severe malaria.

Setting:
Eight pediatric HIV care centers across Canada.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study of 61 children living with vertically acquired HIV on cART with undetectable RNA viral load. Plasma levels of Ang-1 were measured by ELISA and analyzed in relation to clinical characteristics abstracted from medical records.

Results:
Ang-1 levels were directly correlated with clinical indices of virologic control: cumulative proportion of life on effective cART (ρ = +0.35, P = 0.0078) and cumulative proportion of life with SVS (ρ = +0.36, P = 0.0049). Furthermore, higher Ang-1 levels were associated with younger age at SVS (ρ = −0.56, P < 0.0001). These associations remained statistically significant in multivariable linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders (P < 0.05 for all associations).

Conclusions:
Early effective cART and SVS were associated with higher Ang-1 levels in children living with vertically acquired HIV-1.
Chaperone-Mediated Reflux of Secretory Proteins to the Cytosol During Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Igbaria Aeid , Merksamer Philip I. , Trusina Ala , Tilahun Firehiwot , Johnson Jefferey R. , Brandman Onn , Krogan Nevan J. , Weissman Jonathan S. , Papa Feroz R. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTDiverse perturbations to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions compromise the proper folding and structural maturation of secretory proteins. To study secretory pathway physiology during such “ER stress”, we employed an ER-targeted, redox-responsive, green fluorescent protein—eroGFP—that reports on ambient changes in oxidizing potential. Here we find that diverse ER stress agents cause properly folded, ER-resident eroGFP (and other ER luminal proteins) to “reflux” back to the reducing environment of the cytosol as intact, folded proteins. By utilizing eroGFP in a comprehensive genetic screen inS. cerevisiae, we show that ER protein reflux during ER stress requires specific chaperones and co-chaperones residing in both the ER and the cytosol. Chaperone-mediated ER protein reflux does not require E3 ligase activity, and proceeds even more vigorously when these ER-associated degradation (ERAD) factors are crippled, suggesting that reflux may work in parallel with ERAD. In summary, chaperone-mediated ER-protein reflux may be a conserved protein quality control process that evolved to maintain secretory pathway homeostasis during ER protein-folding stress.SIGNIFICANCEApproximately one third of eukaryotic proteins are synthesized on ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Many of these polypeptides co- or post-translationally translocate into the ER, wherein they fold and mature. An ER quality-control system proofreads these proteins by facilitating their folding and modification, while eliminating misfolded proteins through ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Yet, the fate of many secretory proteins during ER stress is not completely understood. Here, we uncovered an ER-stress induced “protein reflux” system that delivers intact, folded ER luminal proteins back to the cytosol without degrading them. We found that ER protein reflux works in parallel to ERAD and requires distinct ER-resident and cytosolic chaperones and co-chaperones.
Endothelial PKA targets ATG16L1 to regulate angiogenesis by limiting autophagy
Authors: Zhao Xiaocheng , Nedvetsky Pavel , Vion Anne-Clemence , Popp Oliver , Zühlke Kerstin , Dittmar Gunnar , Klussmann Enno , Gerhardt Holger 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) regulates a plethora of cellular functions in health and disease. During angiogenesis, PKA activity in endothelial cells controls the transition from sprouting to vessel maturation and limits tip cell formation independently of Notch signaling. The molecular PKA targets mediating these effects remain unknown. We report a chemical genetics screen identifying endothelial-specific substrates of PKA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We identified ATG16L1, a regulator of autophagy, as novel target of PKA. Biochemical validation, mass spectrometry and peptide spot arrays revealed that PKA phosphorylates ATG16L1α at Ser268 and ATG16L1β at Ser269. The phosphorylations drive degradation of ATG16L1 protein. Knocking down PKA or inhibiting its activity increased ATG16L1 protein levels and endothelial autophagy.In vivogenetics and pharmacological experiments demonstrated that autophagy inhibition partially rescues vascular hypersprouting caused by PKA deficiency. We propose that endothelial PKA activity restricts active sprouting by reducing endothelial autophagy through phosphorylation of ATG16L1.
Genetic analysis identifies molecular systems and biological pathways associated with household income
Authors: David Hill W. , Davies Neil M. , Ritchie Stuart J. , Skene Nathan G. , Bryois Julien , Bell Steven , Angelantonio Emanuele Di , Roberts David J. , Xueyi Shen , Davies Gail , Liewald David C.M. , Porteous David J. , Hayward Caroline , Butterworth Adam S. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Gale Catharine R. , Deary Ian J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSocio-economic position (SEP) is a multi-dimensional construct reflecting (and influencing) multiple socio-cultural, physical, and environmental factors. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using household income as a marker of SEP have shown that common genetic variants account for 11% of its variation. Here, in a sample of 286,301 participants from UK Biobank, we identified 30 independent genome-wide significant loci, 29 novel, that are associated with household income. Using a recently-developed method to meta-analyze data that leverages power from genetically-correlated traits, we identified an additional 120 income-associated loci. These loci showed clear evidence of functional enrichment, with transcriptional differences identified across multiple cortical tissues, in addition to links with GABAergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. We identified neurogenesis and the components of the synapse as candidate biological systems that are linked with income. By combining our GWAS on income with data from eQTL studies and chromatin interactions, 24 genes were prioritized for follow up, 18 of which were previously associated with cognitive ability. Using Mendelian Randomization, we identified cognitive ability as one of the causal, partly-heritable phenotypes that bridges the gap between molecular genetic inheritance and phenotypic consequence in terms of income differences. Significant differences between genetic correlations indicated that, the genetic variants associated with income are related to better mental health than those linked to educational attainment (another commonly-used marker of SEP). Finally, we were able to predict 2.5% of income differences using genetic data alone in an independent sample. These results are important for understanding the observed socioeconomic inequalities in Great Britain today.
The role of strigolactones in regulation of stomatal conductance and plant-pathogen interactions inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kalliola Maria , Jakobson Liina , Davidsson Pär , Pennanen Ville , Waszczak Cezary , Yarmolinsky Dmitry , Zamora Olena , Palva E. Tapio , Kariola Tarja , Kollist Hannes , Brosché Mikael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStrigolactones are a group of phytohormones that control shoot branching inArabidopsis thaliana. However, in recent years they have been shown to affect many other plant processes. We previously showed that the strigolactone perception mutantmore axillary branches 2 (max2)has increased susceptibility to plant pathogenic bacteria as a result of more open stomata as well as alterations in hormonal signalling. Here we show that both, strigolactone biosynthesis- (max3andmax4), and perception mutants (max2anddwarf14) are significantly more sensitive toPseudomonas syringaeDC3000. Moreover, in response toP. syringaeinfection, high levels of SA accumulated inmax2and this mutant was ozone sensitive. To search for the mechanisms that could explain pathogen- and ozone sensitivity we performed gene expression analysis and several different assays that explore the function of guard cells and regulation of guard cell signalling.Treatments with GR24 (a strigolactone analogue) resulted in very modest changes in defence-related gene expression. In contrast, guard cell function was clearly impaired inmax2and depending on the assay used, also inmax3, max4andd14mutants. Moreover, stomatal responses to stimuli that cause stomatal closure in wild-type plants (darkness, high CO2and ABA) were analysed in the strigolactone mutants. In darkness both strigolactone biosynthesis and perception mutants showed reduced stomatal closure, whereas the response to high CO2was impaired only inmax2andd14. The response to ABA was not impaired in any of the mutants. To position the role of MAX2 in the guard cell signalling network,max2was crossed with mutants defective in ABA biosynthesis (aba2), in guard cell ABA signalling (ost1) and a scaffold protein required for proper ion channel activity (ghr1). The stomatal conductance of double mutants was consistently higher than the corresponding single mutants, suggesting that MAX2 acts in a signalling pathway that functions in parallel to the well characterized guard cell ABA signalling pathway. We propose that the impaired defence responses ofmax2is related to more open stomata that allows increased entry of bacteria or air pollutants like ozone. Furthermore, as MAX2 appears to act in a specific branch of guard cell signalling (related to CO2signalling), this protein could be one of the elusive components that allow guard cells to distinguish between different environmental conditions.