bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissecting Perceptions: Exploring the Determinants of Health‐Care Reform Preferences*
Authors: Mitchell Joshua L. , Dowe Pearl K. Ford 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThere is significant research regarding health‐care preferences in other nations and racial preference for health‐care providers. However, minimal research examines health‐care reform preferences in the United States. Therefore, this study aims to fill this void by demonstrating how a subterranean agenda, or attitudes toward race that manifest themselves into policy, at least partially drove public opinion regarding the Affordable Care Act (ACA).MethodsDrawing from a nationally representative sample in the 2012 Blair Center–Clinton School Poll, this study examines how various “subterranean” elements in addition to economic, demographic, sociological, ideological, regional, and conditional factors shaped attitudes toward the ACA.ResultsTesting multiple hypotheses, we found that a subterranean agenda shaped preferences for ACA along with various other factors, such as presidential approval, individuals' perception regarding the role of the federal government, ideology, feeling toward blacks, feeling toward the Tea Party, and a conditional effect between a person's financial status and feeling toward blacks.ConclusionPreference for ACA is complex and driven by a multitude of factors. Future studies should explore the dynamics of public opinion over time and other state‐level and temporally driven factors that may increase or decrease the probability of individuals supporting health‐care reform.
Interneuronal NMDA receptors regulate long‐term depression and motor learning in the cerebellum
Authors: Kono Maya , Kakegawa Wataru , Yoshida Kazunari , Yuzaki Michisuke 
Published: November 2018

Key points
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are required for long‐term depression (LTD) at parallel fibre–Purkinje cell synapses, but their cellular localization and physiological functions in vivo are unclear.
NMDARs in molecular‐layer interneurons (MLIs), but not granule cells or Purkinje cells, are required for LTD, but not long‐term potentiation induced by low‐frequency stimulation of parallel fibres.
Nitric oxide produced by NMDAR activation in MLIs probably mediates LTD induction.
NMDARs in granule cells or Purkinje cells are dispensable for motor learning during adaptation of horizontal optokinetic responses.
AbstractLong‐term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), which serve as cellular synaptic plasticity models for learning and memory, are crucially regulated by N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in various brain regions. In the cerebellum, LTP and LTD at parallel fibre (PF)–Purkinje cell (PC) synapses are thought to mediate certain forms of motor learning. However, while NMDARs are essential for LTD in vitro, their cellular localization remains controversial. In addition, whether and how NMDARs mediate motor learning in vivo remains unclear. Here, we examined the contribution of NMDARs expressed in granule cells (GCs), PCs and molecular‐layer interneurons (MLIs) to LTD/LTP and motor learning by generating GC‐, PC‐ and MLI/PC‐specific knockouts of Grin1, a gene encoding an obligatory GluN1 subunit of NMDARs. While robust LTD and LTP were induced at PF–PC synapses in GC‐ and PC‐specific Grin1 (GC‐Grin1 and PC‐Grin1, respectively) conditional knockout (cKO) mice, only LTD was impaired in MLI/PC‐specific Grin1 (MLI/PC‐Grin1) cKO mice. Application of diethylamine nitric oxide (NO) sodium, a potent NO donor, to the cerebellar slices restored LTD in MLI/PC‐Grin1 cKO mice, suggesting that NO is probably downstream to NMDARs. Furthermore, the adaptation of horizontal optokinetic responses (hOKR), a cerebellar motor learning task, was normally observed in GC‐Grin1 cKO and PC‐Grin1 cKO mice, but not in MLI/PC‐Grin1 cKO mice. These results indicate that it is the NMDARs expressed in MLIs, but not in PCs or GCs, that play important roles in LTD in vitro and motor learning in vivo.
What information needs do people with recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus have and what are the associated factors? A cross-sectional study in Germany
Authors: Grobosch Sandra , Kuske Silke , Linnenkamp Ute , Ernstmann Nicole , Stephan Astrid , Genz Jutta , Begun Alexander , Haastert Burkhard , Szendroedi Julia , Müssig Karsten , Burkart Volker , Roden Michael , Icks Andrea 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify: (1) information needs of people with recently diagnosed type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); (2) information needs within different subgroups; and (3) factors associated with information needs concerning DM such as current level of information, health-related quality of life or participation preferences.DesignA mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods was used. Information needs for different topics and estimated associated factors were described using logistic regression models. Additionally, a qualitative content analysis was performed.SettingMonocentre study.ParticipantsInformation needs were assessed and analysed in 138 consecutive participants with DM who took part in the German Diabetes Study (54% type 2 diabetes, 64% male, mean age 46.3±12.3 years, known diabetes duration <1 year).ResultsMost participants displayed a need for information in all topics provided, especially in diabetes research (86%) and treatment/therapy (80%). Regarding those topics, participants wished for information regarding new treatments that simplify their everyday life. In general, participants preferred topics that focus on the management or handling of DM over topics related to clinical factors of DM, such as causes and complications. A low current level of information and treatment with antihyperglycaemic medication were significantly associated with higher information needs, and diabetes-related comorbidity and higher mental component summary score in the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) with lower information needs.ConclusionPeople with recently diagnosed DM display high information needs, which differ according to the current level of information, mode of diabetes treatment, diabetes-related comorbidity and mental component summary score in the SF-36. There appears to be a preference for information, which can help to simplify life with diabetes and for information that corresponds to their level of knowledge. This should be considered in patient information activities.Trial registration numberNCT01055093.
Management of acute venous thromboembolism among a cohort of patients discharged directly from the emergency department
Authors: Bungard Tammy J , Ritchie Bruce , Bolt Jennifer , Semchuk William M 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo report the proportion of patients discharged directly from the emergency department (ED) on traditional therapy (parenteral anticoagulant±warfarin) or a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) for the management of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE).DesignRetrospective medical record review across four EDs in Edmonton, Alberta, two in Regina, Saskatchewan and three in rural Alberta.SettingEDs from April 2014 through March 2015.ParticipantsDischarged directly from the ED with acute VTE. Patients were excluded if they had another indication for anticoagulants, were pregnant/breastfeeding or anticipated lifespan <3 months.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimarily, the proportion of patients discharged directly from the ED that were prescribed traditional therapy or a DOAC, with comparisons between Edmonton, Regina and rural Alberta. Secondarily, therapy selection was compared based on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) versus pulmonary embolism (PE) and clot burden. Dosing of DOACs was assessed (when applicable) and follow-up in the community was compared.ResultsAfter screening 1723 patients, 417 (24.2%) were included with DVT and PE occurring in 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. More patients with PE were discharged from EDs in Edmonton (43%) than Regina (7%). Overall, the majority of patients were discharged on traditional therapy (70.7%), with 27.8% receiving a DOAC. Uptake of DOAC use was highest in rural Alberta (53.3%) compared with Edmonton (29.6%) and Regina (12.1%). DOACs were more commonly prescribed for PE (34.0%) than DVT (24.5%) (p=0.04), proximal versus distal DVT (28.4% and 17.3%; p<0.001), and when prescribed were appropriately dosed in 79.3%. Follow-up most commonly occurred via a VTE clinic in Edmonton or family physician in Regina and rural Alberta.ConclusionsRegional variation in discharging patients directly from the ED with PE is evident. While traditional therapy is most common, uptake of DOACs was modest given the timing of indication approval.
Assessing the readiness of health facilities for diabetes and cardiovascular services in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Biswas Tuhin , Haider M Moinuddin , Das Gupta Rajat , Uddin Jasim 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the readiness of health facilities for diabetes and cardiovascular services in Bangladesh.DesignThis study was a cross-sectional survey.SettingThis study used data from a nationwide Bangladesh Health Facility Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare in 2014.ParticipantsA total of 319 health facilities delivering services focused on diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were included in the survey. Some of these facilities were run by the public sector while others were managed by the private sector and non-governmental organisations. It was a mix of primary and secondary care facilities.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was readiness of health facilities for diabetes and cardiovascular services. We analysed relevant data following the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment manual of the WHO to assess the readiness of selected health facilities towards services for diabetes and CVD.Results58% and 24.1% of the facilities had diagnosis and treatment services for diabetes and CVD, respectively. Shortage of trained staff (18.8% and 14.7%) and lack of adequate medicine supply (23.5% and 43.9%) were identified to be factors responsible for inadequate services for diabetes and CVD. Among the facilities that offer services for diabetes and CVD, only 0.4% and 0.9% had all the four service readiness factors (guideline, trained staff, equipment and medicine).ConclusionsThe study suggests that health facilities suffered from numerous drawbacks, such as shortage of trained staff and required medicine. Most importantly, they lack effective guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment for diabetes and CVD. It is, therefore, essential now to ensure that there are trained staff, adequate medicine supply, and appropriate guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment for diabetes and CVD in Bangladesh.
Uterine distention as a factor in birth timing: retrospective nationwide cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Bacelis Jonas , Juodakis Julius , Adams Waldorf Kristina M , Sengpiel Verena , Muglia Louis J , Zhang Ge , Jacobsson Bo 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether uterine distention is associated with human pregnancy duration in a non-invasive observational setting.DesignRetrospective cohort study modelling uterine distention by interaction between maternal height and uterine load.SettingThe study is based on the 1990–2013 population data from all delivery units in Sweden.ParticipantsUncomplicated first pregnancies of healthy Nordic-born mothers with spontaneous onset of labour. Pregnancies were classified as twin (n=2846) or singleton (n=527 868). Singleton pregnancies were further classified as carrying a large for gestational age fetus (LGA, n=24 286) or small for gestational age fetus (SGA, n=33 780).Outcome measuresStatistical interaction between maternal height and uterine load categories (twin vs singleton pregnancies, and LGA vs SGA singleton pregnancies), where the outcome is pregnancy duration.ResultsIn all models, statistically significant interaction was found. Mothers carrying twins had 2.9 times larger positive linear effect of maternal height on gestational age than mothers carrying singletons (interaction p=5e−14). Similarly, the effect of maternal height was strongly modulated by the fetal growth rate in singleton pregnancies: the effect size of maternal height on gestational age in LGA pregnancies was 2.1 times larger than that in SGA pregnancies (interaction p<1e−11). Preterm birth OR was 1.4 when the mother was short, and 2.8 when the fetus was extremely large for its gestational age; however, when both risk factors were present together, the OR for preterm birth was larger than expected, 10.2 (interaction p<0.0005).ConclusionsAcross all classes, maternal height was significantly associated with child’s gestational age at birth. Interestingly, in short-statured women with large uterine load (twins, LGA), spontaneous delivery occurred much earlier than expected. The interaction between maternal height, uterine load size and gestational age at birth strongly suggests the effect of uterine distention imposed by fetal growth on birth timing.
General practitioners (GPs) and end-of-life care: a qualitative study of Australian GPs and specialist palliative care clinicians
Authors: Rhee Joel J , Teo Patrick C K , Mitchell Geoffrey K , Senior Hugh E , Tan Aaron J H , Clayton Josephine M 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesGeneral practitioners (GPs) are well placed to be involved in end-of-life care for patients with life-limiting illnesses. However, differing views exist regarding their role. This study aims to explore the views of GPs and specialist palliative care clinicians (SPCCs) on the role that GPs should play in the planning and provision of end-of-life care and important barriers and facilitators to GPs’ involvement in end-of-life care including suggestions for improvement.MethodsQualitative description methodology using semistructured interviews of 11 GPs and 10 SPCCs.ResultsThe participants identified two key roles that GPs should play in the planning and provision of end-of-life care: care planning and referring to palliative care services and being the primary clinician in charge of patient care. GPs and SPCCs expressed similar views; however, a significant proportion of the GP participants were not actively involved in end-of-life care. Factors affecting GPs’ involvement in end-of-life care included: (1) GP and practice factors including continuity of care, long-term relationships with patients, knowledge and skills in end-of-life care, resource limitations and work patterns; (2) communication and collaboration between GPs and the acute healthcare system and (3) communication and collaboration between GPs and SPCCs.ConclusionGPs have a key role in the planning and provision of end-of-life care. GPs could be encouraged in this role by providing them with education and practical experience in end-of-life care, making changes to remuneration structure, formalised arrangements for shared care and encouraging continuity of care and developing long-term relationship with their patients.
Is this nice for mice?
Authors: Williams David 
Published: November 2018

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Is this nice for mice?’, was submitted and is discussed by David Williams. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue.The series is being coordinated by Dr Steven McCulloch, acting director of the Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Winchester. It aims to provide a framework that will help practising veterinarians find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Age matters: Submersion period shapes community composition of lake biofilms under glyphosate stress
Authors: Khadra Melissa , Planas Dolors , Girard Catherine , Amyot Marc 
Published: November 2018

The phosphonate herbicide glyphosate, which is the active ingredient in the commercial formulation Roundup®, is currently the most globally used herbicide. In aquatic ecosystems, periphytic biofilms, or periphyton, are at the base of food webs and are often the first communities to be in direct contact with runoff. Microcosm experiments were conducted to assess the effects of a pulse exposure of glyphosate on community composition and chlorophyll a concentrations of lake biofilms at different colonization stages (2 months, 1 year, and 20 years). This is the first study that uses such contrasting submersion periods. Biofilms were exposed to either environmental levels of pure analytical grade glyphosate (6 μg/L, 65 μg/L, and 600 μg/L) or to corresponding phosphorus concentrations. Community composition was determined by deep sequencing of the 18S and 16S rRNA genes to target eukaryotes and cyanobacteria, respectively. The results showed that submersion period was the only significant contributor to community structure. However, at the taxon level, the potentially toxic genus Anabaena was found to increase in relative abundance. We also observed that glyphosate releases phosphorus into the surrounding water, but not in a bioavailable form. The results of this study indicate that environmental concentrations of glyphosate do not seem to impact the community composition or metabolism of lake biofilms under pulse event conditions.
Editors' Message
Authors: Karahalios Karrie , Monroy-Hernández Andrés , Lampinen Airi , Fitzpatrick Geraldine 
Published: November 2018

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to this issue of the Proceedings of the ACM on Human Computer Interaction, the second to focus on the contributions from the research community Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW).
This journal model allows for rapid publication of papers shortly after acceptance as well as enabling automatic indexing services, such as Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) indexing. The aim is to increase the visibility of the work of authors in this community, and allow for better comparability with fields outside of Computer Science.
This issue contains papers accepted over two iterations of the review process. The call for papers for this second issue, with an initial deadline in Spring 2018, attracted 722 submissions, from all around the world. After the first round of reviewing, 326 (45,2%) papers were invited to the Revise and Resubmit phase. The program committee worked hard over August 2018 to arrive at final decisions, with an online editorial committee meeting held to allow for collective deliberation. In the end, 184 papers (25,5%) were accepted.
For some of those papers, authors received further shepherding and guidance by a senior committee member. This shows the commitment of the CSCW community to not only ensure high quality contributions, but also to educate and enable authors to write and present their best work for this community. This issue exists because of the dedicated volunteer effort of 132 senior editorial committee members who served as Associate Chairs (ACs), and 837 external expert reviewers to ensure high quality and insightful reviews for all papers in both rounds.
Learning by Doing versus Learning by Viewing
Authors: Yin Yue , Gurvich Itai , McReynolds Stephanie , Seys Debora , Van Mieghem Jan A. 
Published: November 2018

We investigate how data-analyst productivity benefits from collaborative platforms that facilitate learning-by-doing (i.e. analysts learning by writing queries on their own) and learning-by-viewing (i.e. analysts learning by viewing queries written by peers). Learning is measured using a behavioral (productivity-improvement) approach. Productivity is measured using the time from creating an empty query to first executing it.
Using a sample of 2,001 data analysts at eBay Inc. who have written 79,797 queries from 2014 to 2018, we find that: 1) learning-by-doing is associated with significant productivity improvement when the analyst's prior experience focuses on the focally queried database; 2) only learning-by-viewing queries that are authored by analysts with high output rate (average number of queries written per month) is associated with significant improvement in the viewer's productivity; 3) learning-by-viewing also depends on the "social influence" of the author of the viewed query, which we measure 'locally' based on the number of the author's direct viewers per month or 'globally' based on the how the author's queries propagate to peers in the overall collaboration network. Combining results 2 and 3, when segmenting analysts based on output rate and 'local' social influence, the viewing of queries authored by analysts with high output but low local influence is associated with the largest improvement in the viewer's productivity; whereas when segmenting based on output rate and 'global' social influence, the viewing of queries authored analysts with high output and high global influence is associated with the largest improvement in the viewer's productivity.
Characterizing Online Public Discussions through Patterns of Participant Interactions
Authors: Zhang Justine , Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil Cristian , Sauper Christina , Taylor Sean J. 
Published: November 2018

Public discussions on social media platforms are an intrinsic part of online information consumption. Characterizing the diverse range of discussions which can arise is crucial for these platforms, as they may seek to organize and curate them. This paper introduces a framework to characterize public discussions, relying on a representation that captures a broad set of social patterns which emerge from the interactions between interlocutors, comments, and audience reactions.
We apply our framework to study public discussions on Facebook at two complementary scales. First, at the level of individual discussions, we use it to predict a discussion's future trajectory, anticipating future antisocial actions (such as participants blocking each other) and forecasting the discussion's growth. Second, we systematically analyze the variation of discussions across thousands of Facebook sub-communities, revealing subtle differences (and unexpected similarities) in how people interact when discussing online content. We further show that this variation is driven more by participant tendencies than by the content triggering these discussions.