bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genes involved in stress response influence lithium efficacy in bipolar patients
Authors: Szczepankiewicz Aleksandra , Narozna Beata , Rybakowski Janusz K , Kliwicki Sebastian , Czerski Piotr , Dmitrzak‐Węglarz Monika , Skibińska Maria , Twarowska‐Hauser Joanna , Pawlak Joanna 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesIn mood disorders, chronic stimulation with stress results in aberrant regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Lithium was shown to influence HPA axis function. The underlying genetic background as well as environmental context may influence the stress response, and therefore lithium efficacy. The aim of the present study was to analyze if genetic variants located in genes involved in HPA axis regulation affect the response to long‐term lithium treatment in bipolar patients.MethodsWe included 93 patients with bipolar disorder (32 males and 61 females), aged 31–80 years. The patients had been treated with lithium carbonate for at least 5 years. The magnitude of the lithium response was assessed using the Alda scale. Genotyping was performed for 28 polymorphisms in the genes encoding the following proteins involved in HPA axis regulation: corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1), arginine vasopressin receptor 1B (AVPR1b), FK506 binding protein (FKBP) 5, FKBP4, BCL2‐associated athanogene 1 (BAG1), stress induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), glucocorticoid‐induced transcript 1 (GLCC1), dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) serine and arginine rich splicing factor (SRSF) 3, SRSF9, SRSF5, and acid phosphatase 1 (ACP1). Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis were then performed, followed by statistical analysis (Statistica v.12; Stasoft, Krakow, Poland).ResultsWe found a correlation between stressful life events at first episode and worse response to lithium (P=.019). In single marker analysis, we observed a significant association between three FKBP5 polymorphisms (rs1360780, rs7748266 and rs9296158), one ACP1 variant (rs300774) and one glucocorticoid‐induced transcript 1 gene (GLCC1) variant (rs37972) and the degree of lithium response. Five out of seven FKBP5 polymorphisms showed strong linkage with one haplotype demonstrating an association with lithium efficacy (P=.008). No relationship was found between the other analyzed polymorphisms and lithium response.ConclusionThe response to lithium may depend on the variants of genes regulating the HPA axis and stressful life events in bipolar patients.
Psychoeducation for psychiatric inpatients following remission of a manic episode in bipolar I disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Runsen , Zhu Xuequan , Capitão Liliana P , Zhang Huijun , Luo Jiong , Wang Xue , Xi Yingjun , Song Xiuping , Feng Yancun , Cao Liuzhong , Malhi Gin S 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of psychoeducation for bipolar I inpatients following remission of a manic episode in a Chinese population.MethodThe study recruited currently medicated bipolar I patients, aged 18–60 years, who were in remission from a manic episode, as determined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM‐5). Patients were randomized (1:1) to either eight sessions of group‐based psychoeducation (active treatment group) or regular free discussions (control group). The primary outcomes were the rates of any type of recurrence and rehospitalization following treatment. The secondary outcomes were changes in mood symptoms, medication adherence, global functioning, as well as treatment response (as measured using the Clinical Global Impression scale). Subjects were assessed at baseline and then at 2 weeks, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 months following treatment.ResultsAt 1 year, patients receiving the psychoeducation treatment demonstrated significantly less recurrence. Those in the treatment group also showed a significant reduction in mania recurrence but not depressive recurrence, and psychoeducation increased time to remission. Notably, lower rates of rehospitalization were found in the active treatment group. Those receiving the psychoeducation treatment also revealed higher change from baseline on measures of depression (17‐item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression), mania (Young Mania Rating Scale), global functioning (Clinical Global Impression–severity scale and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule) (P<.05). However, there were no significant group differences for the medication adherence scores.ConclusionThis preliminary evidence suggests that short, group‐based psychoeducation benefits currently medicated inpatients following the remission of mania in bipolar I disorder. This intervention warrants further investigation, especially in other Chinese populations. If future studies confirm its benefits, group‐based psychoeducation could be incorporated into routine psychiatric inpatient care for bipolar patients in China.
The effect of medical and operative birth interventions on child health outcomes in the first 28 days and up to 5 years of age: A linked data population‐based cohort study
Authors: Peters Lilian L. , Thornton Charlene , de Jonge Ank , Khashan Ali , Tracy Mark , Downe Soo , Feijen‐de Jong Esther I. , Dahlen Hannah G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSpontaneous vaginal birth rates are decreasing worldwide, while cesarean delivery, instrumental births, and medical birth interventions are increasing. Emerging evidence suggests that birth interventions may have an effect on children's health. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the association between operative and medical birth interventions on the child's health during the first 28 days and up to 5 years of age.MethodsIn New South Wales (Australia), population‐linked data sets were analyzed, including data on maternal characteristics, child characteristics, mode of birth, interventions during labor and birth, and adverse health outcomes of the children (ie, jaundice, feeding problems, hypothermia, asthma, respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disorders, other infections, metabolic disorder, and eczema) registered with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification codes. Logistic regression analyses were performed for each adverse health outcome.ResultsOur analyses included 491 590 women and their children; of those 38% experienced a spontaneous vaginal birth. Infants who experienced an instrumental birth after induction or augmentation had the highest risk of jaundice, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.61‐2.91) compared with spontaneous vaginal birth. Children born by cesarean delivery were particularly at statistically significantly increased risk for infections, eczema, and metabolic disorder, compared with spontaneous vaginal birth. Children born by emergency cesarean delivery showed the highest association for metabolic disorder, aOR 2.63 (95% CI 2.26‐3.07).ConclusionChildren born by spontaneous vaginal birth had fewer short‐ and longer‐term health problems, compared with those born after birth interventions.
Late sodium current inhibitors to treat exercise‐induced obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an in vitro study in human myocardium
Authors: Ferrantini Cecilia , Pioner Josè Manuel , Mazzoni Luca , Gentile Francesca , Tosi Benedetta , Rossi Alessandra , Belardinelli Luiz , Tesi Chiara , Palandri Chiara , Matucci Rosanna , Cerbai Elisabetta , Olivotto Iacopo , Poggesi Corrado , Mugelli Alessandro , Coppini Raffaele 
Published: March 2018

Background and PurposeIn 30–40% of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, symptomatic left ventricular (LV) outflow gradients develop only during exercise due to catecholamine‐induced LV hypercontractility (inducible obstruction). Negative inotropic pharmacological options are limited to β‐blockers or disopyramide, with low efficacy and tolerability. We assessed the potential of late sodium current (INaL)‐inhibitors to treat inducible obstruction in HCM.Experimental ApproachThe electrophysiological and mechanical responses to β‐adrenoceptor stimulation were studied in human myocardium from HCM and control patients. Effects of INaL‐inhibitors (ranolazine and GS‐967) in HCM samples were investigated under conditions simulating rest and exercise.Key ResultsIn cardiomyocytes and trabeculae from 18 surgical septal samples of patients with obstruction, the selective INaL‐inhibitor GS‐967 (0.5 μM) hastened twitch kinetics, decreased diastolic [Ca2+] and shortened action potentials, matching the effects of ranolazine (10μM). Mechanical responses to isoprenaline (inotropic and lusitropic) were comparable in HCM and control myocardium. However, isoprenaline prolonged action potentials in HCM myocardium, while it shortened them in controls. Unlike disopyramide, neither GS‐967 nor ranolazine reduced force at rest. However, in the presence of isoprenaline, they reduced Ca2+‐transient amplitude and twitch tension, while the acceleration of relaxation was maintained. INaL‐inhibitors were more effective than disopyramide in reducing contractility during exercise. Finally, INaL‐inhibitors abolished arrhythmias induced by isoprenaline.Conclusions and ImplicationsRanolazine and GS‐967 reduced septal myocardium tension during simulated exercise in vitro and therefore have the potential to ameliorate symptoms caused by inducible obstruction in HCM patients, with some advantages over disopyramide and β‐blockers.
Cohort study with 4‐year follow‐up of myopia and refractive parameters in primary schoolchildren in Baoshan District, Shanghai
Authors: Ma Yingyan , Zou Haidong , Lin Senlin , Xu Xun , Zhao Rong , Lu Lina , Zhao Huijuan , Li Qiangqiang , Wang Ling , Zhu Jianfeng , He Xiangui 
Published: March 2018

AbstractImportanceCohort studies could not only reveal associations between change of refractive components and onset/progression of myopia, but also risk factors, which is important for understanding mechanism and providing strategies.BackgroundPrevalence of myopia is high in Shanghai, being reported to be 52.2% in children aged 10 years old.DesignCohort study.ParticipantsA total of 1856 students from six randomly selected primary schools in Baoshan District, Shanghai.MethodsChildren underwent comprehensive ocular measurement, including axial length (AL), corneal curvature radius and cycloplegic auto‐refraction. Questionnaires about eye usage time were collected. Grade 1 students were followed for 4 years, and grade 2 and 3 students for 2 years.Main Outcome Measures(i) Change of spherical equivalent (SE) and AL and (ii) risk factors for progression and incidence of myopia.ResultsThe average 2‐year progress of SE was 0.91D, 0.91D and 1.11D for grade 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and the average elongation of AL was 0.70 mm, 0.64 mm and 0.71 mm, respectively. Only parental myopia, but not near work time, near work diopter time, outdoor activity time or attending tutoring classes, was associated with myopia incidence and progression in the present population. Using baseline SE could be a simple and effective indicator for myopia prediction.Conclusions and RelevanceIncidence and progression of myopia is relatively high in schoolchildren in Shanghai compared with children of Western countries, East Asia and other parts of China. Effective strategies to control myopia prevalence are in urgent need.
A golden thread? The relationship between supervision, practice, and family engagement in child and family social work
Authors: Wilkins David , Lynch Amy , Antonopoulou Vivi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWithin the social work profession, supervision is highly valued. Yet it is not clear how supervision supports good practice or how supervision makes a difference for children and families. In this study, using paired observations of group supervision and family meetings alongside interviews with parents, we explored the link between supervision, practice, and engagement. Considering each data set separately, we found a range of skill levels within the supervision discussions and in the meetings with families. Parents reported generally high levels of satisfaction with the service and in relation to their individual worker. But more importantly, we found a “golden thread” between certain elements of supervision, more skilful practice, and improved parental engagement. We discuss these key elements in detail and consider what these findings tell us about good supervision and what difference it can make for families and children.
Community contextual effects on at‐risk mothers' engagement in Georgia's Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting programme
Authors: Cho Junhan , Bae Dayoung , Terris Darcey D. , Glisson Rachael E. , Brown Anita 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe current study examined family and community factors related to home visiting programme engagement in a sample of 1,024 mothers (primary caregivers, mean age 22.89 years) who participated in family support programmes funded through Georgia's Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting programme. Using 2‐level hierarchical linear modelling, we examined the relationships between mothers' home visiting programme engagement and mothers' sociodemographic and community‐level risk factors. Higher sociodemographic risks, characterized by unstable romantic relationships, employment, low educational, and economic resources, were associated with less active home visiting engagement. Mothers who lived in communities with more challenging socio‐economic contexts, such as communities that had a higher proportion of divorced/separated households, poor quality housing conditions, and residential mobility, demonstrated lower programme engagement. Meanwhile, mothers who lived in communities that had a higher proportion of residents that did not finish high school demonstrated relatively higher programme engagement. The observed influence of community‐level factors remained significant after we controlled for mothers' sociodemographic characteristics. Although community‐level risks may appear outside the locus of control of home visiting, flexible programming and strategic partnerships with other community‐based resources, ones that explicitly take into account community‐level risks, may support improved home visiting engagement outcomes.
Quantifying species recovery and conservation success to develop an IUCN Green List of Species
Authors: Akçakaya H. Resit , Bennett Elizabeth L. , Brooks Thomas M. , Grace Molly K. , Heath Anna , Hedges Simon , Hilton‐Taylor Craig , Hoffmann Michael , Keith David A. , Long Barney , Mallon David P. , Meijaard Erik , Milner‐Gulland E.J. , Rodrigues Ana S.L. , Rodriguez Jon Paul , Stephenson P.J. , Stuart Simon N. , Young Richard P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStopping declines in biodiversity is critically important, but it is only a first step toward achieving more ambitious conservation goals. The absence of an objective and practical definition of species recovery that is applicable across taxonomic groups leads to inconsistent targets in recovery plans and frustrates reporting and maximization of conservation impact. We devised a framework for comprehensively assessing species recovery and conservation success. We propose a definition of a fully recovered species that emphasizes viability, ecological functionality, and representation; and use counterfactual approaches to quantify degree of recovery. This allowed us to calculate a set of 4 conservation metrics that demonstrate impacts of conservation efforts to date (conservation legacy); identify dependence of a species on conservation actions (conservation dependence); quantify expected gains resulting from conservation action in the medium term (conservation gain); and specify requirements to achieve maximum plausible recovery over the long term (recovery potential). These metrics can incentivize the establishment and achievement of ambitious conservation targets. We illustrate their use by applying the framework to a vertebrate, an invertebrate, and a woody and an herbaceous plant. Our approach is a preliminary framework for an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Green List of Species, which was mandated by a resolution of IUCN members in 2012. Although there are several challenges in applying our proposed framework to a wide range of species, we believe its further development, implementation, and integration with the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species will help catalyze a positive and ambitious vision for conservation that will drive sustained conservation action.
Delayed‐type allergy to cobalt—comparison of a flow cytometric lymphocyte proliferation test with patch testing
Authors: Spoerri Iris , Bircher Andreas J. , Link Susanne , Heijnen Ingmar A. F. M. , Scherer Hofmeier Kathrin 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe patch test is the standard procedure for diagnosing delayed‐type sensitization. If a patch test is not possible, the flow cytometric lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT), which determines the number and type of cells responding to a specific antigen in vitro, might be considered as an alternative.ObjectivesOur aim was to establish a flow cytometric LPT for the detection of delayed‐type allergic responses to cobalt, and to determine the correlation between stimulation indices (SIs) in LPT and the grade of patch test reactions. With the patch test as a diagnostic reference, we also assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the LPT.MethodsFifty‐four patients patch tested with the baseline series including cobalt (CoCl2) were additionally tested with the flow cytometric LPT with CoCl2.ResultsThere was a significant correlation between the results of both tests: rs = 0.43; P = .001. The LPT with CoCl2 showed a sensitivity of 52.6% and a specificity of 85.7%. Corresponding to the low sensitivity of the LPT, high likelihood ratios for a positive patch test reaction were reached only in cases of strong lymphocyte proliferation (SI ≥ 10).ConclusionsIn cases of clearly increased SIs, the flow cytometric LPT with CoCl2 gives relevant diagnostic information, and represents a valuable alternative to patch testing.
The effect of increasing body mass index on laparoscopic surgery for colon and rectal cancer
Authors: Bell S. , Kong J. C. , Wale R. , Staples M. , Oliva K. , Wilkins S. , Mc Murrick P. , Warrier S. K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimObesity is common in Western countries and its prevalence is increasing. Colorectal cancer is common, and surgery for colorectal cancer is technically more challenging in obese patients. Laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer has been shown to be oncologically equivalent, with improved short‐ term outcomes. Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer has proven technically challenging, and recent results have raised concerns about oncological equivalence. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the clinical and oncological outcomes of surgery for colorectal cancer, including the rate at which laparoscopic surgery is attempted and the rate at which laparoscopic surgery is converted to open surgery.MethodA retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from two tertiary institutions was performed. Data were obtained from the Cabrini Monash University colorectal neoplasia database for patients having surgical resection for colon and rectal cancers between 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2015. Surgical and medical complications, tumour recurrence and overall survival and laparoscopic surgery and conversion rates were investigated.ResultsThis large case series of 1464 patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer has demonstrated that an elevated BMI is associated with a lower likelihood of attempting laparoscopic surgery and a higher conversion rate to open surgery when laparoscopy is attempted. Conversion was 1.9 times more likely in obese patients with colon cancer and 4.1 times more likely in obese patients with rectal cancer. The critical BMI for colon cancer patients was > 35 kg/m2, and for rectal cancer patients > 30 kg/m2. Obesity is also associated with increased rates of surgical complications, including anastomotic leakage and wound complications. Pathological parameters, tumour recurrence and survival were not affected by elevated BMI.ConclusionIn the surgical management of colorectal cancer, obesity is associated with a lower likelihood of laparoscopic surgery being attempted, a higher likelihood of conversion to open surgery when laparoscopic surgery is attempted, and a higher rate of surgical complications.
Transanal endoscopic surgery is effective and safe after endoscopic polypectomy of potentially malignant rectal polyps with questionable margins
Authors: Serra‐Aracil X. , Pallisera‐Lloveras A. , Mora‐Lopez L. , Serra‐Pla S. , Puig‐Diví V. , Casalots À. , Martínez‐Bauer E. , Navarro‐Soto S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo determine the percentage of residual lesion observed in the pathology study of transanal endoscopic surgery (TEM) specimens after endoscopic polypectomy of malignant rectal polyps with questionable margins, and the need for further surgery. Secondary aims: to determine the morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure and to identify the percentage of recurrence after excision by TEM.MethodsObservational study with prospective data collection of all patients undergoing TEM after endoscopic polypectomy for malignant rectal polyps or non‐invasive high‐grade neoplasia, from January 2004 to December 2016. An en bloc full‐thickness wall excision of the scar was performed. Variables recorded: histology of TEM specimen, 30‐day morbidity and mortality according to the Clavien‐Dindo classification, need for salvage surgery and recurrence.ResultsFifty out of 690 patients undergoing TEM during the study period (36 adenocarcinomas, five non‐invasive high‐grade neoplasias and 9 neuroendocrine tumors) were included. Post‐surgery histology showed residual lesion in 21 (42%) patients: 7 neuroendocrine tumors, 10 adenomas and 4 adenocarcinomas (two pT1, one pT2 and one pT3). The pT2 and pT3 patients (4%) underwent salvage surgery. No recurrence was observed, and mean follow‐up was 29.1Â ± 21.6 months. The 30‐day morbidity rate was 14%, but 4/7 with Clavien‐Dindo grade I.ConclusionsAfter endoscopic polypectomy of malignant rectal polyps with questionable margins, the presence of residual lesion in the pathology study of transanal resection specimens is high. TEM with full‐thickness resection of these lesions is an appropriate treatment, allowing disease control and achieving minimal morbidity
Preformed donor‐specific antibodies do not affect the 1‐year allograft survival in living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Kim Hyeyoung , Yi Nam‐Joon , Song Eun Young , Lee Kyoungbun , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Lee Hae Won , Ahn Hye Young , Yoon Kyung Chul , Hong Suk Kyun , Suh Kyung‐Suk 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe effect of preformed donor‐specific antibodies (DSAs) on liver transplantation (LT) remains unclear, especially in the field of living donor LT (LDLT). Herein, we evaluated the prevalence of preformed DSAs and their effect on graft outcome in LDLT in the first year following surgery. Using the Luminex® Single Antigen assay, we analyzed the preoperative sera of 61 adult LDLT recipients between 2014 and 2015. Clinical outcomes and pathologic findings including complement component 4d (C4d) expression in the first year after LT were retrospectively reviewed. Regardless of the class of DSA, DSAs with mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) ≥1000 were defined as positive and preformed DSA with MFI ≥5000 was defined as strongly positive. Fifteen patients (24.6%) had preformed DSAs, and 8 patients (13.1%) showed strongly positive preformed DSAs. Among 15 DSA positive patients, 2 (13.3%) showed persistent DSAs after LDLT. No de novo DSAs were noted in patients without preformed DSAs. Preformed DSAs were not related to graft dysfunction, laboratory values, or C4d expression or other pathologic findings in the first year of LDLT. In conclusion, preformed DSAs persisted during follow‐up in 13.3% of cases and did not have adverse effect on histologic or clinical outcomes in the first year of LDLT.