bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of red algae and artichoke extracts in disrupting antioxidant/PI3K/RBP-4 pathway in high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in rats
Authors: Alrashidi Bashayer Khaled , Abd-Elmoneam Alshimaa A. , Ghareeb Ahmad Z. , Ghareeb Doaa A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Insulin resistance (IR) leads to various metabolic abnormalities, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Natural products rich in nontoxic phytochemicals are cost-effective and widely used to manage insulin resistance, reducing drug interactions. Artichoke stems and red algae contain several phytochemical compounds that exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Aim
This study aims to explore and compare the preventive and therapeutic effects of red algae and artichoke stem extracts against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and then compare their impacts with those of the reference drug metformin, which is commonly used for treating type 2 diabetes.

Methods
The animals were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks to induce insulin resistance. The plants were then treated orally with 100 mg/kg body weight red algae, artichoke extracts, or metformin per day for 14 days. The protective rat groups received the extracts at the same dose for 14 days before being fed the high-fat diet for eight weeks. Commercial kits and standardized methods were used to measure blood diabetic profiles (glucose, insulin, lipid profile, fructosamine, and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4)) and liver oxidative stress parameters, nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN).

Results
Our results showed that both extracts inhibited NF-κB and PTEN while enhancing PI3K, RPB-4, and PPAR-γ due to their potent antioxidant properties. They also increased insulin sensitivity, as reflected by reduced blood glucose and lipid profile levels and normalized fructosamine and RBP-4. Additionally, these extracts prevent oxidative stress-induced hepatic and nephric cell dysfunction, as confirmed by improved blood, liver, and kidney parameters.

Conclusion
Therefore, both extracts could be good antioxidant treatments for oxidative stress-related insulin resistance because they restore the balance of the PI3K/PPAR-γ/RBP-4 pathway. This pathway increases glucose uptake, stops gluconeogenesis, speeds up lipid metabolism, and stops the inflammation pathway.
Therapeutic Clinical Trial Eligibility and Enrollment among Women with Breast Cancer: Implications for Understanding Trial Disparities
Authors: Reh Nicole , Caston Nicole E. , Williams Courtney P. , Dwarampudi Sindhu R. , Elkhanany Ahmed , Khoury Katia , Stringer-Reasor Erica , Jahan Nusrat , Rocque Gabrielle B. , Gutnik Lily A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Therapeutic clinical trials frequently lack diverse representation, hindering generalizability and exacerbating preexisting disparities in clinical outcomes. This study explored associations between breast cancer patient demographics, clinical trial eligibility, and enrollment in a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer center.

Patients and methods
This prospective cohort study included patients with breast cancer screened for therapeutic clinical trials from July 2020 to January 2024. Eligibility was determined by the provider and study coordinator. Patient characteristics were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Rurality and neighborhood disadvantage were mapped by address using rural–urban commuting area codes and area deprivation index (ADI), respectively. Likelihood of eligibility and enrollment by race, rurality, and neighborhood disadvantage were evaluated using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from modified Poisson regression models.

Results
Of 343 patients screened for therapeutic trials, the mean age was 56 years (SD 13), 33% were Black/other race, 22% lived in highly disadvantaged areas, and 16% in rural areas. Most patients were screened for one trial (87%). Overall, 54% of patients were eligible for trials, and of those, 58% enrolled. Similar likelihoods of eligibility and enrollment were seen by race and rurality. Though not significant, patients living in highly disadvantaged areas trended toward higher likelihood of enrollment (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99–1.55).

Conclusions
Over half of trial-eligible patients, even across race, rurality, or neighborhood disadvantage, enrolled, surpassing the national average. In contrast to national trends, there was higher enrollment among patients of higher ADI.
A rare case of limited granulomatosis with polyangiitis presenting as bilateral parotitis
Authors: Bandari Vandana , Apenteng Sandra , Kaul Aaradhana 
Published: December 2024

Background: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune vasculitis affecting small and medium-sized vessels, commonly involving the respiratory tract and kidneys. Salivary gland involvement, particularly bilateral parotitis, is an uncommon presentation of GPA. Case Report: We report the case of a 38-year-old Asian male who presented with left ear pain and parotid swelling after a water park visit. Initially treated with antibiotics for suspected otitis externa, his symptoms worsened, leading to bilateral parotitis, facial palsy, and otomastoiditis. Imaging revealed parotid abscesses and lab results showed elevated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), specifically cytoplasmic ANCA directed against proteinase 3, confirming the diagnosis of GPA. Cultures and autoimmune workups for other causes, such as Sjogren’s syndrome and immunoglobulin G4-related disease, were negative. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and methotrexate resulted in significant clinical improvement. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering GPA in atypical presentations such as parotitis, even in the absence of renal involvement. Early diagnosis and appropriate immunosuppressive therapy are critical to prevent further complications in multisystem involvement.
Ruptured: Retrospective Analysis Undertaken for Patients Treated for Unexplained Retroperitoneal or Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department
Authors: Mroczek Thomas J , Ahmed Shahzad , Chan Thim Yung , Zajac John , Al-Idari Romaih , Ravichandran Anukiran 
Published: December 2024

Aims/Background Symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms carry significant mortality risk. This is supplemented by the Royal College of Emergency Medicine guidelines which suggest imaging for patients 50 years of age or older presenting with unexplained abdominal, flank, or back pain. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and mortality rates of patients with symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms in a high-risk population and to assess scanning rates in the accident and emergency department. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients presenting to the accident and emergency department at a district general hospital over 6 months was performed. Patients 50 years of age or older presenting with abdominal, flank, or back pain were included. Collected data points included; whether or not a scan was performed in the emergency department, the modality of imaging, whether an abdominal aortic aneurysm was identified on the scan, the age of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysms identified on the scan, size of the identified abdominal aortic aneurysms, primary diagnosis at the time of review in the emergency department, and all-cause mortality rates. Results 361 patients were identified to have an indicated scan, of which only 122 (33.8%) had a scan in the emergency department. In the syndromic group, the prevalence and 30-day mortality of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm were 5.5% and 1.1% respectively. Only 12 out of 20 patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm were identified in the emergency department. Conclusion The criteria outlined by the Royal College of Emergency Medicine does well at identifying patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms when followed. However, this study reveals that scanning rates in the emergency department are low. The encouragement of scanning and improved ultrasound skills among emergency medicine clinicians can reduce missed diagnoses. Additionally, we recommend further studies to assess the mortality rates of emergent abdominal aortic aneurysm presentations.
Enhanced efficiency in terahertz SIW array antennas
Authors: Pan Wu , Ye Kuan , Li Renpu , Zhang Zhen , Huang Lei , Qiu Sen 
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a terahertz slotted waveguide array antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed. The terahertz waves are fed from the rectangular waveguide (RWG) at the bottom of the antenna, coupled to slotted waveguide array through RWG–SIW transition. The proposed RWG–SIW transition realizes the vertical transfer from RWG to SIW and feeds the slotted waveguide array. The proposed slotted waveguide array antenna demonstrates a −10dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 236.5 to 248.8 GHz, achieving a peak gain of 13.2 dBi and a maximum radiation efficiency of 87%. The terahertz slotted waveguide array antenna can be used in terahertz communication, terahertz imaging, and other fields.
Compliance with the WHO recommended 8+ antenatal care contacts schedule among postpartum mothers in eastern Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lee Seungwon , Adam Eminai , Kanyike Andrew Marvin , Wani Solomon , Kasibante Samuel , Mukunya David , Nantale Ritah 
Published: December 2024

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least 8 antenatal care (ANC) contacts during pregnancy, but many women in low and middle-income countries do not adhere to this schedule, which may contribute to high rates of maternal and neonatal mortality. This study assessed compliance to the WHO recommended 8+ ANC contacts schedule and associated factors among postpartum mothers in eastern Uganda.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted between July and August 2022 at four selected hospitals in Eastern Uganda using quantitative techniques. We recruited postnatal mothers who had given birth within 48 hours with records of their ANC contacts. Compliance to the WHO recommended 8+ ANC contacts schedule was defined as having received the recommended ANC contacts as per the gestational age at childbirth following the current ANC for a positive pregnancy experience WHO guidelines. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the association between compliance to the WHO recommended 8+ ANC contacts schedule and selected independent variables.

Results
A total of 1104 postpartum mothers participated in the study with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 26 ± 6.4 years, and a majority had given birth from a referral hospital (n = 624 56.5%). Compliance to the WHO recommended 8+ ANC contacts schedule was low (n = 258, 23.4%), and only 23.2% (196) of the women had attended their first antenatal care contact within the first trimester. Factors associated with compliance to the WHO recommended 8+ ANC contacts were: attending the first antenatal care contact within 12 weeks of gestation [AOR: 6.42; 95% CI: (4.43 to 9.33)], having 2 to 4 children [AOR: 0.65; 95% CI: (0.44 to 0.94)], having a spouse who is unemployed [AOR: 1.71; 95% CI: (0.53 to1.08)] and having insurance coverage [AOR: 2.31; 95% CI: (1.17 to 4.57)].

Conclusion
Compliance with the 8+ ANC contacts schedule remains very low. Efforts should focus on increasing health education, particularly for multiparous women, and encouraging mothers to begin ANC in their first trimester. Exploring the dynamics of partner support, especially with employment status, may offer insights into improving ANC attendance.
Wound imaging software and digital platform to assist review of surgical wounds using patient smartphones: The development and evaluation of artificial intelligence (WISDOM AI study)
Authors: Rochon Melissa , Tanner Judith , Jurkiewicz James , Beckhelling Jacqueline , Aondoakaa Akuha , Wilson Keith , Dhoonmoon Luxmi , Underwood Max , Mason Lara , Harris Roy , Cariaga Karen 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Surgical patients frequently experience post-operative complications at home. Digital remote monitoring of surgical wounds via image-based systems has emerged as a promising solution for early detection and intervention. However, the increased clinician workload from reviewing patient-submitted images presents a challenge. This study utilises artificial intelligence (AI) to prioritise surgical wound images for clinician review, aiming to efficiently manage workload.

Methods and analysis
Conducted from September 2023 to March 2024, the study phases included compiling a training dataset of 37,974 images, creating a testing set of 3,634 images, developing an AI algorithm using ’You Only Look Once’ models, and conducting prospective tests compared against clinical nurse specialists’ evaluations. The primary objective was to validate the AI’s sensitivity in prioritising wound reviews, alongside assessing intra-rater reliability. Secondary objectives focused on specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for various wound features.

Results
The AI demonstrated a sensitivity of 89%, exceeding the target of 85% and proving effective in identifying cases requiring priority review. Intra-rater reliability was perfect, achieving 100% consistency in repeated assessments. Observations indicated variations in detecting wound characteristics across different skin tones; sensitivity was notably lower for incisional separation and discolouration in darker skin tones. Specificity remained high overall, with some results favouring darker skin tones. The NPV were similar for both light and dark skin tones. However, the NPV was slightly higher for dark skin tones at 95% (95% CI: 93%-97%) compared to 91% (95% CI: 87%-92%) for light skin tones. Both PPV and NPV varied, especially in identifying sutures or staples, indicating areas needing further refinement to ensure equitable accuracy.

Conclusion
The AI algorithm not only met but surpassed the expected sensitivity for identifying priority cases, showing high reliability. Nonetheless, the disparities in performance across skin tones, especially in recognising certain wound characteristics like discolouration or incisional separation, underline the need for ongoing training and adaptation of the AI to ensure fairness and effectiveness across diverse patient groups.
Phase-dependent trends in the prevalence of myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) related to long COVID: A criteria-based retrospective study in Japan
Authors: Morita Satoru , Tokumasu Kazuki , Otsuka Yuki , Honda Hiroyuki , Nakano Yasuhiro , Sunada Naruhiko , Sakurada Yasue , Matsuda Yui , Soejima Yoshiaki , Ueda Keigo , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: December 2024

Background
The characteristics of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) related to COVID-19 have remained uncertain. To elucidate the clinical trend of ME/CFS induced by long COVID, we examined data for patients who visited our outpatient clinic established in a university hospital during the period from Feb 2021 to July 2023.

Methods
Long COVID patients were classified into two groups, an ME/CFS group and a non-ME/CFS group, based on three diagnostic criteria.

Results
The prevalence of ME/CFS in the long COVID patients was 8.4% (62 of 739 cases; female: 51.6%) and factors related to ME/CFS were severe illness, smoking and alcohol drinking habits, and fewer vaccinations. The frequency of ME/CFS decreased from 23.9% in the Preceding period to 13.7% in the Delta-dominant period and to 3.3% in the Omicron-dominant period. Fatigue and headache were commonly frequent complaints in the ME/CFS group, and the frequency of poor concentration in the ME/CFS group was higher in the Omicron period. Serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in female patients in the ME/CFS group infected in the Preceding period. In the ME/CFS group, the proportion of patients complaining of brain fog significantly increased from 22.2% in the Preceding period to 47.9% in the Delta period and to 81.3% in the Omicron period. The percentage of patients who had received vaccination was lower in the ME/CFS group than the non-ME/CFS group over the study period, whereas there were no differences in the vaccination rate between the groups in each period.

Conclusion
The proportion of long COVID patients who developed ME/CFS strictly diagnosed by three criteria was lower among patients infected in the Omicron phase than among patients infected in the other phases, while the proportion of patients with brain fog inversely increased. Attention should be paid to the variant-dependent trends of ME/CFS triggered by long COVID (300 words).
Tempos e espaços do currículo nos cursos técnicos integrais ao Ensino Médio
Authors: Burmester Ana Claudia , Pasqualli Roberta 
Published: December 2024

Este texto tem como objetivo discutir a problemática da relação dos jovens com o currículo dos cursos de Técnicos Integrados ao Ensino Médio (EMI), em uma perspectiva de criação de sentidos e significados e de participação e protagonismo juvenil frente aos saberes que perpassam a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT). Assim, emerge de reflexões a respeito das especificidades do currículo desses cursos, bem como da condição de seus estudantes, compreendida a partir do conceito de juventude. De natureza aplicada, a pesquisa foi realizada a partir dos conceitos da pesquisa participante, de abordagem qualitativa, com estudantes dos cursos técnicos em Alimentos e Edificações integrados ao Ensino Médio no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina (IFSC). O texto apresenta a etapa empírica da pesquisa, na qual foram coletados dados por meio de um questionário online e, também, as análises e discussões oriundas desta etapa da pesquisa. Como resultados, levantou-se o perfil dos estudantes, indicando os diferentes sentidos que desenvolvem acerca da formação integrada e que também se relacionam às identidades plurais das juventudes. Verificou-se, ainda, a participação dos jovens em espaços institucionais de decisão a respeito do currículo dos cursos, sugerindo ser necessário um olhar atento a esse processo para que as discussões e decisões sejam tomadas tendo em mente os objetivos do currículo integrado e levando em consideração as identidades dos jovens. Palavras-chave: Integração curricular; Ensino médio; Juventude.
Inteligência artificial: uma alternativa à educação personalizada e inclusiva
Authors: Bernardino Lucas Martins , Camiran Renan Souza , Silva Fernando Selleri , Da Silva Joaquim Manuel , Rabêlo Olivan da Silva 
Published: December 2024

No mundo, cerca de 15% da população possui algum tipo de necessidade especial, o que impacta diretamente no aprendizado em sala de aula, sendo necessário produtos, ferramentas e/ou metodologias assertivas que possibilitem o aprendizado do aluno. Diante deste cenário, o trabalho demonstra tendências tecnológicas relacionadas ao uso de inteligência artificial na educação aplicadas em sala de aula, como uma alternativa a educação personalizada e inclusiva, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e patentométrico. Nos últimos 20 anos, houve um acentuado crescimento em relação ao número de patentes depositadas e artigos produzidos no que se refere a tecnologias, metodologias e ferramentas assistivas utilizando inteligência artificial aplicada à educação, destacando-se neste cenário Estados Unidos e China. O Brasil ainda se encontra em desvantagem competitiva em relação ao número de depósitos de patente e produção literária, evidenciando a necessidade de investimentos em pesquisa, tecnologia e inovação.
Grupos operativos como estratégia de promoção da saúde no Ensino Superior
Authors: Fernando Mariano Ederson , Da Silva Macuch Regiane , Grossi-Milani Rute 
Published: December 2024

A aplicação da técnica de grupo operativo para a promoção da saúde na universidade é um recurso importante que possibilita a escuta, a reflexão e novas aprendizagens. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os resultados de uma intervenção grupal interdisciplinar utilizando a estratégia dos grupos operativos com jovens universitárias. A pesquisa qualitativa baseou-se na abordagem metodológica construtivista social e incluiu 11 estudantes com idades entre 19 e 29 anos do curso de pedagogia de uma universidade privada do sul do Brasil. 5 alunas participaram das sete reuniões operativas. As duas primeiras reuniões foram para levantamento da demanda. Do terceiro ao sexto encontros, priorizou-se o caráter interdisciplinar, com o convite de profissionais a partir da demanda identificada. Os significados das falas dos participantes foram analisados por meio do mapeamento dos principais discursos que emergiram durante o processo grupal, utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática com recurso ao software QSR Nvivo 12. Os principais resultados indicam que os grupos operativos proporcionaram trocas de experiências sobre temas norteadores comuns. Houve mudanças de ideias anteriormente cristalizadas e aprendizagem em saúde sobre os seguintes temas: demandas internas, angústias e autocobrança, e demandas externas, da universidade, família e trabalho. Conclui-se que o trabalho com os estudantes proporcionou um espaço para refletir sobre a saúde dentro da universidade, de modo que o compartilhamento de ideias individuais para o grupo traz novos significados no modo de olhar e compreender esta importante etapa da vida.
O que ensinar de química?
Authors: Bedin Everton 
Published: December 2024

Neste artigo objetiva-se apresentar uma análise quali-quantitativa realizada sobre o questionamento “O que ensinar de química?”. Para tanto, um formulário online com 7 assertivas, construído na plataforma Google Forms com ênfase na escala Likert de 5 pontos, foi respondido por 92 professores de química. A análise quali-quantitativa de cunho interpretativo, descritivo e estatístico, realizada a partir de teóricos da área e do software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), demonstrou que dependendo da faixa etária e do grau de formação dos professores a concordância em relação as assertivas varia significativamente, mesmo estas se caracterizando no grau da incerteza. Todavia, afirma-se que os docentes desenvolvem os objetos de conhecimento da ciência química que se entrelaçam a realidade do sujeito e ao contexto da sala de aula.
Tecnologias digitais e escrita acadêmica no ensino superior: um estado da arte
Authors: Bueno Luzia , Pasian Mara Silvia 
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa situada na perspectiva histórico-cultural, de cunho bibliográfico, que visou investigar como as tecnologias digitais podem afetar o desenvolvimento da escrita acadêmica no ensino superior. Com o aumento progressivo da EaD, há também a disseminação de um discurso sobre o poder das tecnologias digitais de alterar positivamente a Educação. Contudo, é preciso um olhar crítico para elas, considerando que carregam valores ideológicos e refletem uma lógica de mercado que não deveria ser transferida para a educação. Na busca do objetivo geral da pesquisa, os seguintes objetivos específicos foram considerados: a) Investigar quais são as tecnologias digitais que aparecem nos estudos científicos sobre a escrita acadêmica; b) Identificar quais são as contribuições e/ou obstáculos que as tecnologias digitais trazem para o desenvolvimento da escrita acadêmica. Para isso, foi realizado um estado da arte na base de dados de dissertações e teses da Capes, com os descritores “escrita acadêmica, tecnologias digitais e ensino superior”, para se verificar as pesquisas sobre esta temática desenvolvidas nos últimos cinco anos. Os resultados apontam que, apesar de haver muitas pesquisas sobre as tecnologias digitais nos últimos anos, ainda há uma lacuna quanto aos estudos que enfocam a escrita acadêmica mediada por tecnologias no ensino superior.