bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Software and services export, IT investment and GDP nexus in India
Authors: Malik Manzoor Hassan , Velan Nirmala 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate both long-run and short-run dynamics among the software and services export, investment in information technology (IT) and GDP in India and to investigate the direction of the relationship among the given three macro-economic variables.Design/methodology/approachThe time series data have been taken to investigate the long-run relationship exists among the variables. Annual data were collected from the NASSCOM Annual Reports, Planning Commission of India and Reserve Bank of India during the period 1980–2016. Cointegration and vector error correction model have been used for analyzing the causal relationship among investment in IT, software exports and GDP in India.FindingsCointegration results confirm that software and services export, investment in IT and GDP are cointegrated, implying that there exists the long-run equilibrium relationship among the given three macro-economic variables. Similarly, vector error correction mechanism Granger causality results hold that there is uni-directional long-run causality running from software and services export and investment in IT to GDP, implying that software and services export is an important determinant of economic growth in India.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of the paper are generalization of the results and proxy variable for IT investments.Practical implicationsThe paper has implications for the expansion of market concentration, diversification of software and service exports, and investments in R&D for increasing competitiveness of the industry in the global market.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on originality in the analysis of the relationship among the given variables software exports, investment in the IT sector and GDP in India. All the work has been done in original by the authors and the work used have been acknowledged properly.
Rethinking the university system: toward the entrepreneurial university (the case of Italy)
Authors: Vesperi Walter , Gagnidze Ineza 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate contemporary changes in the education system. In particular, an analysis of the mechanisms of coordination and communication involved in the process can show how different geographical factors with different relational mechanisms may contribute to the creation of a new academic entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors propose a methodology with two-step approach. In the first part of the paper, they use a theoretical approach to carry out a longitudinal study of academic literature on the topics of “entrepreneurial university,” “academic entrepreneurship” and “spin-off organizations.” In the second part, they use cross-database analysis to theorize the main aspects of recent developments in higher education in Italy. To this end, the authors use three public and open-access databases on spin-offs, universities and higher education institutions and incubators in Italy.

Findings
First, issues relating to the formation and best practices of entrepreneurial universities are discussed, based on the works of researchers from 25 countries. Second, a hypothesis is put forward to suggest that the organizational model of entrepreneurial university affects microeconomic competitiveness. Third, a case study of Italian spin-off organizations suggests that the number of incubators and spin-offs, and the type of academic knowledge, all directly affect the entrepreneurial university.

Originality/value
This paper aims to examine the role of the university in the modern economic system. The originality of this investigation lies in its ability to offer a picture and first analysis of the main actors and of the entrepreneurial university system.
Improving law enforcement’s response to non-fatal strangulation
Authors: Reckdenwald Amy , Fernandez Ketty , Mandes Chelsea L. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a coordinated effort to improve the law enforcement response to non-fatal strangulation in the context of domestic violence.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors compare law enforcement identification and documentation of strangulation in domestic violence cases before and after the implementation of a strangulation-specific training program in one Central Florida County.

Findings
The results indicate preliminary support for the effectiveness of training law enforcement, suggesting that the response to strangulation can be improved with comprehensive law enforcement training.

Practical implications
An improved response by law enforcement may have the potential to increase offender accountability of non-fatal strangulation – a potentially deadly assault.

Originality/value
The study is the first to evaluate strangulation-specific training efforts of law enforcement. Results point to opportunities that can be taken to improve law enforcement’s response to non-fatal strangulation in domestic violence.
Identifying a set of line manager personas to guide new product introduction strategy
Authors: Straker Karla , Mosely Genevieve , Wrigley Cara 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new strategic management tool – the reverse persona. In doing so, the methods, use and benefits documented from a case study with a global franchisee organization are presented.

Design/methodology/approach
This tool was derived from working with a global franchisee organization sought to design and launch a new product into the market. The reverse persona was deployed through n=14 qualitative interviews with franchisee owners were conducted to understand their perceptions of customers, awareness and concern of competition and their willingness to take risks. These insights were collated to develop reverse personas for the senior leadership team within the organization.

Findings
Changing the scope of personas from external customers to internal employee development, can further strengthen the method’s effectiveness in decision-making and strategic management, particularly for the implementation and roll out of new products.

Practical implications
In the case study, the senior leadership team saw the manager persona as a strategic aid to, “Help target the implementation of new products in stores, select franchise owners for potential new roles and to deeply understand the motivations, challenges and attributes of their middle management contributing to the competitive advantage of the organisation.”

Originality/value
This article is the first to explore the use of personas for internal strategic planning use within a company.
Influence of ceramic Al2O3 particulates on performance measures and surface characteristics during sinker EDM of stir cast AMMCs
Authors: Khajuria Akhil , Akhtar Modassir , Pandey Manish Kumar , Singh Mayur Pratap , Raina Ankush , Bedi Raman , Singh Balbir 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
AA2014 is a copper-based alloy and is typically used for production of complex machined components, given its better machinability. The purpose of this paper was to study the effects of variation in weight percentage of ceramic Al2O3 particulates during electrical discharge machining (EDM) of stir cast AA2014 composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination was carried out to study characteristics of EDMed surface of Al2O3/AA2014 composites.

Design/methodology/approach
The effect of machining parameters on performance measures during sinker EDM of stir cast Al2O3/AA2014 composites was examined by “one factor at a time” (OFAT) method. The stir cast samples were obtained by using three levels of weight percentage of Al2O3 particulates, i.e. 0 Wt.%, 10 Wt.% and 20 Wt.% with density 1.87 g/cc, 2.35 g/cc and 2.98 g/cc respectively. Machining parameters varied were peak current (1-30 amp), discharge voltage (30-100 V), pulse on time (15-300 µs) and pulse off time (15-450 µs) to study their influence on material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR).

Findings
MRR and SR decreased with an increase in weight percentage of ceramic Al2O3 particulates at the expense of TWR. This was attributed to increased microhardness for reinforced stir cast composites. However, microhardness of EDMed samples at fixed values of machining parameters, i.e. 9 amp current, 60 V voltage, 90 µs pulse off time and 90 µs pulse on time reduced by 58.34, 52.25 and 46.85 per cent for stir cast AA2014, 10 Wt.% Al2O3/AA2014 and 20 Wt.% Al2O3/AA2014, respectively. SEM and quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed ceramic Al2O3 particulate thermal spalling in 20 Wt.% Al2O3/AA2014 composite. This was because of increased particulate weight percentage leading to steep temperature gradients in between layers of base material and heat affected zone.

Originality/value
This work was an essential step to assess the machinability for material design of Al2O3 reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs). Experimental investigation on sinker EDM of high weight fraction of particulates in AA2014, i.e. 10 Wt.% Al2O3 and 20 Wt.% Al2O3, has not been reported in archival literature. The AMMCs were EDMed at variable peak currents, voltages, pulse on and pulse off times. The effects of process parameters on MRR, TWR and SR were analysed with comparisons made to show the effect of Al2O3 particulate contents.
Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of MHCI and chemokines CXCR3 and CXCR4 gene from freshwater carp,Catla catla
Authors: Banerjee Rajanya , Roy Sudeshna , Samanta Mrinal , Das Surajit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe immune system with large number of molecules protects the host against a plethora of continuously evolving microbes. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules serve as cardinal elements of the adaptive immune system responsible for the activation of the adaptive immunity in the host. The present study reports MHCI molecule in freshwater carp,Catla catla, and its differential expression in immunologically relevant tissues post‐infection with Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. The MHCI sequence ofC. catlahad 502 bp nucleotides encoding putative 146 amino acids. The phylogenetic analysis exhibited its evolutionary conservation within theCyprinidaefamily and formed a different clade with the higher vertebrates. Simultaneously, CXCR3 and CXCR4 chemokines were cloned and characterized for their expression in infected tissues. Analysis of immunologically relevant tissues of the infected fish exhibited an increase of MHCI gene expression and the down‐regulation of CXCR3 and CXCR4 chemokines, indicating a tricky interaction between the innate and adaptive immune system. It was found that intestine, skin and spleen played a crucial role in the contribution of the defense activity which instigated the self‐immunity. These immune activities can provide useful information to understand the interaction of self and non‐self‐ immune system in freshwater fish,Catla catla.
Trait‐based functional dietary analysis provides a better insight into the foraging ecology of bats
Authors: Arrizabalaga‐Escudero Aitor , Merckx Thomas , García‐Baquero Gonzalo , Wahlberg Niklas , Aizpurua Ostaizka , Garin Inazio , Goiti Urtzi , Aihartza Joxerra 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The degree of trophic specialization determines the ability of predators to cope with changing foraging conditions, but in predators that prey on hundreds of species it is challenging to assess, especially when prey identity varies among predator individuals and across space and time.

Here, we test the hypothesis that a bat species foraging on flying insects like moths will show ample flexibility in trophic niche, and this irrespective of phylogenetic relationships among moths, so as to cope with a high diversity of prey types that vary across seasons. We predict that individual bats will show functional dietary differences consistent with energetic requirements and hunting skills.

We used DNA metabarcoding to determine the diet of 126 Mediterranean horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus euryale) from two different sites during three seasons. Simultaneously, we measured moth availability and characterized the traits of 290 moth taxa. Next, we explored the relationship between phylogeny and traits of all consumed and available moth taxa. Finally, we assessed the relationship between individual traits of bats and traits related to prey profitability, for which we used the RLQ and fourth‐corner statistical techniques.

Seasonality was the main factor explaining the functional dietary variation in adult bats, with moths consumed irrespective of their phylogenetic relationships. While adults consumed moths with a broad range in wing loading, body mass and echolocation detection ability, juveniles consumed slower, smaller and lighter moths, which suggests that young individuals may undergo some fitness gain and/or psychomotor learning process during which they would acquire more effective foraging skills.

Our approach revealed a degree of functional flexibility in the trophic niche previously unknown for an insectivorous bat. Rhinolophus euryale consumed a wide variety of moth taxa differing in profitability throughout seasons and between ontogenetic stages. We showed the validity of trait‐based approaches to gain new insights in the trophic specialization of predators consuming hundreds of species of prey.
The becoming‐methadone‐body: on the onto‐politics of health intervention translations
Authors: Rhodes Tim , Azbel Lyuba , Lancaster Kari , Meyer Jaimie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we reflect on health intervention translations as matters of their implementation practices. Our case is methadone treatment, an intervention promoted globally for treating opioid dependence and preventingHIVamong people who inject drugs. Tracing methadone's translations in high‐security prisons in the Kyrgyz Republic, we notice the multiple methadones made possible, what these afford, and the onto‐political effects they make. We work with the idea of the ‘becoming‐methadone‐body’ to trace the making‐up of methadone treatment and its effects as an intra‐action of human and nonhuman substances and bodies. Methadone's embodied effects flow beyond the mere psycho‐activity of substances incorporating individual bodies, to material highs and lows incorporating the governing practices of prisoner society. The methadone‐in‐practice of prisoner society is altogether different to that imagined as being in translation as an intervention ofHIVprevention and opioid treatment, and has material agency as a practice of societal governance. Heroin also emerges as an actor in these relations. Our analysis troubles practices of ‘evidence‐based’ intervention and ‘implementation science’ in the health field, by arguing for a move towards ‘evidence‐making’ intervention approaches. Noticing the onto‐politics of health intervention translations invites speculation on how intervening might be done differently.
Patterns of hysterectomy in India: a national and state‐level analysis of the Fourth National Family Health Survey (2015–2016)
Authors: Desai S , Shukla A , Nambiar D , Ved R 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThe National Family Health Survey‐4 in India provided the first nationally representative estimates of hysterectomy among women aged 15–49. This paper aims to examine the national and state‐level age‐specific prevalence of hysterectomy, individual and household level factors associated with the procedure, and state‐level indicators that may explain variation across states.DesignCross‐sectional, nationally representative household survey.SettingNational Family Health Survey was conducted across all Indian states and union territories between 2015 and 2016.PopulationThe survey covered 699 686 women between the ages of 15 and 49 years.MethodsDescriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression.Main outcome measuresWomen who reported ever having a hysterectomy and age at hysterectomy.ResultsAge‐specific prevalence of hysterectomy was 0.36% (0.33,0.39) among women aged 15‐29; 3.59% (3.45,3.74) among women aged 30‐39; and 9.20% (8.94,9.46) among women 40‐49 years. There was considerable variation in prevalence by state. Four states reported age‐specific prevalence similar to high‐income settings. Approximately two‐thirds of hysterectomies were conducted in private facilities, with similar patterns across age groups. At the national level, higher age and parity (at least two children); not having had formal schooling; rural residence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.36; 95% CI 1.27,1.45; P < 0.01) and higher wealth status were associated with higher odds of hysterectomy. Previously sterilised women had lower odds (AOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.61,0,68; P < 0.01) of reporting hysterectomy. Exploratory analyses suggest state‐level factors associated with prevalence of hysterectomy include caesarean section, female illiteracy, and women's employment.ConclusionsHysterectomy patterns among women aged 15–49 in India indicate the critical need to ensure treatment options for gynaecological morbidity and to address hysterectomy among young women in particular.FundingThis study was part of the RASTA initiative of the Population Council's India country office under the Evidence Project supported by USAID.Tweetable abstractHysterectomy patterns in India highlight the need for alternatives to treat gynaecological morbidity among younger women.
New label‐free automated survival assays reveal unexpected stress resistance patterns during C. elegans aging
Authors: Benedetto Alexandre , Bambade Timothée , Au Catherine , Tullet Jennifer M.A. , Monkhouse Jennifer , Dang Hairuo , Cetnar Kalina , Chan Brian , Cabreiro Filipe , Gems David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans is an excellent model for high‐throughput experimental approaches but lacks an automated means to pinpoint time of death during survival assays over a short time frame, that is, easy to implement, highly scalable, robust, and versatile. Here, we describe an automated, label‐free, high‐throughput method using death‐associated fluorescence to monitor nematode population survival (dubbed LFASS for label‐free automated survival scoring), which we apply to severe stress and infection resistance assays. We demonstrate its use to define correlations between age, longevity, and severe stress resistance, and its applicability to parasitic nematodes. The use of LFASS to assess the effects of aging on susceptibility to severe stress revealed an unexpected increase in stress resistance with advancing age, which was largely autophagy‐dependent. Correlation analysis further revealed that while severe thermal stress resistance positively correlates with lifespan, severe oxidative stress resistance does not. This supports the view that temperature‐sensitive protein‐handling processes more than redox homeostasis underpin aging in C. elegans. That the ages of peak resistance to infection, severe oxidative stress, heat shock, and milder stressors differ markedly suggests that stress resistance and health span do not show a simple correspondence in C. elegans.
Downregulation of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase and its naturally occurring antisense RNA in gastric cancer
Authors: Esfandi Farbod , Taheri Mohammad , Kahaei Mir Salar , Omrani Mir Davood , Kholghi Oskooei Vahid , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimNicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase (NNT) gene encodes a protein, which is an important antioxidative enzyme that converts NADH to NADPH. This enzyme provides a significant proportion of the entire NADPH resource in the mitochondria. Previous reports have shown possible contribution of this gene in the carcinogenesis process.MethodsIn the current research, we evaluated expression levels of NNT gene and a naturally occurring antisense RNA (NNT‐AS1) in gastric cancer specimens compared to their corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANCTs).ResultsBoth NNT1 and NNT‐AS1 genes were significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared to ANCTs (expression ratio = 0.369, p = .045 and expression ratio = 0.368, p = .043, respectively). Transcript levels of NNT1 and NNT‐AS1 were associated with the location of the primary tumor (p = .003 and .002, respectively). Moreover, expressions of both genes were significantly elevated in tumors with lymphatic/vascular invasion compared to tumors without lymphatic/vascular invasion (p = .001 and p = .005). No other remarkable associations were noticed between transcript levels of genes in tumor tissues and patients’ information. Based on the area under curve (AUC) values in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the diagnostic power of NNT1 and NNT‐AS1 were estimated to be 0.62 and 0.63, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough we demonstrated dysregulation of NNT1 and NNT‐AS1 in gastric tumor specimens in association with clinical data of patients, these two genes are not supposed to be appropriate biomarkers for gastric cancer.
Distribution, bioclimatic niche and sympatry of two Erinaceidae in Tunisia
Authors: El‐Farhati Haithem , Jaziri Brahim , Hizem Mohamed Wassim , Nouira Saïd 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNumerous mammalian species of North Africa have an enigmatic distribution between the Mediterranean and Saharan area. In order to study the distribution of hedgehogs in Tunisia, field data were collected from several protected areas and various natural and peri‐urban environments during 4 years 2015–2018 covering the all bioclimatic zones present in the country. The present work provides a detailed geographical and ecological distribution of hedgehogs with a total of 168 occurrence data of Atelerix algirus and Paraechinus aethiopicus. Atelerix algirus showed a wide distribution range from north to south being absent only in the extreme Saharan environment. Paraechinus aethiopicus has been recorded in the centre and the south with a specialisation in the arid and Saharan environment. A parapatry distribution is also shown with a sympatric area between arid and Saharan bioclimates. Our results improve knowledge of the bioclimatic niche and habitat characteristic of these taxa not clearly defined in previous research. The presence of the two hedgehogs on Djerba Island (A. algirus and P. aethiopicus) is also confirmed.