bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Enabled Compact Frequency‐Tunable Triple‐Band Hexagonal‐Shaped Graphene Antenna for THz Communication
Authors: Rai Jayant Kumar , Patel Uditansh , Tiwari Poonam , Ranjan Pinku , Chowdhury Rakesh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, a compact triple‐band frequency‐tunable (FT) hexagonal‐shaped graphene antenna through a machine learning (ML) approach for terahertz (THz) application is presented. The proposed THz antenna is designed on a polyamide () substrate with a thickness of 10 μm, and graphene is used as an antenna radiator. The size of the substrate is 38 × 46 μm2. The FT is achieved by changing the chemical potential of graphene material. The performance of the proposed THz antenna has been investigated, and the impacts of several conducting materials like gold, aluminum, copper, and graphene and dielectric materials like Rogers RT/duroid 5880, polyamide, quartz, and SiO2 are explored. The proposed THz antenna provides three operating bands. The frequency of operation in Band‐1 is 2.51–5.05 THz, Band‐2 is 5.99–7.43 THz, and Band‐3 is 7.94–9.63 THz. The bandwidth in Band‐1, Band‐2, and Band‐3 are 2.54, 1.44, and 1.69 THz, respectively. The % of impedance bandwidth in Band‐1, Band‐2, and Band‐3 are 67.19%, 24.02%, and 21.28% respectively. The proposed antenna has a maximum peak gain of 5 dBi. The proposed antenna is optimized through various ML algorithms like random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), and artificial neural network (ANN). The RF algorithm gives more than 99% accuracy compared to other ML algorithms and accurately predicts the S11 of the proposed antenna. The proposed THz antenna would be suitable for applications related to imaging, medical, sensing, and ultra‐speed short‐distance communication applications in the THz region.
Metabolic Reprogramming of Fibroblastic Reticular Cells in Immunity and Tolerance
Authors: Kong Dejun , WillsonShirkey Marina , Piao Wenji , Wu Long , Luo Shunqun , Kensiski Allision , Zhao Jing , Lee Young , Abdi Reza , Zheng Hong , Bromberg Jonathan S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are pivotal stromal components that maintain the structure of secondary lymphoid tissues and modulate the immune responses within the lymphoid microenvironment. In response to specific immune or inflammatory stimuli, such as infection or autoimmune triggers, FRCs undergo significant metabolic reprogramming. This process, originally characterized in cancer research, involves the regulation of key metabolic enzymes, pathways, and metabolites, resulting in functional transformations of these cells. Specifically, viruses stimulate FRCs to enhance the tricarboxylic acid cycle, while rheumatoid arthritis and sepsis prompt FRCs to increase oxidative phosphorylation. These changes enable FRCs to adapt their functions, such as proliferation or cytokine secretion, thereby effectively regulating the immune microenvironment to meet the dynamic needs of the immune system. This review provides a comprehensive update on the metabolic reprogramming of FRCs, highlighting how these changes support immune tolerance and response under varied physiological conditions.
Catalytic Bond‐Forming Reactions Using Aluminium(III)
Authors: Choudhury Dipanjana , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStatic catalysis using neutral and cationic Al(III) complexes, in which the oxidation state of the metal does not change, can be applied to a range of catalytic bond‐forming reactions which have similar characteristics to transition metal analogues. This short review (although not intended to be comprehensive) highlights the current state of development in the areas of dehydrocoupling, alkene polymerisation, and other bond forming reactions involving single‐site Al(III) catalysts, focusing in particular on the key factors involved in molecular activation and the mechanisms of catalysis.
Doing Bad to Feel Good: Working Objectification Promotes Production Deviance Via Thwarted Perceived Control
Authors: Du Qiner , Wang Fang , Cheng Lei , Han Tailong , Hao Mingyang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWhat if employees engage in production deviance (e.g., take excessive breaks, intentionally work more slowly) not because they are lazy, but because they are trying to recover from working objectification? Through four studies (N = 1075), we test whether working objectification promotes production deviance via thwarted perceived control. The results showed that employees who experienced more working objectification reported lower levels of control and thus engaged in production deviance more frequently (Studies 1 to 4) and planned to spend more time on production deviance (Studies 3 and 4). Furthermore, restoring objectified employees’ perceived control can reduce the occurrence of production deviance (Study 4). Together, these studies provide insight into how working objectification promotes production deviance and how to mitigate this effect.
Cerebrospinal fluid metabolites as potential biomarkers for epilepsy: Insights from genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Zhao Zhenxiang , Xing Na , Hou Lin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesWhile metabolic imbalances have been observed in individuals with epilepsy, the direct involvement of specific metabolites in the development of the condition remains underexplored. A comprehensive analysis of the causality between cerebrospinal fluid metabolites (CSF) and epilepsy is pivotal in discovering innovative therapeutic interventions and prophylactic approaches.MethodsSummary data from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of CSF metabolites and epilepsy subtypes were obtained separately. A total of 338 CSF metabolites were investigated as exposures, and 11 epilepsy phenotypes were examined as the outcomes. A two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was utilized to explore the causal influence of these metabolites on epilepsy. Causality was primarily estimated through inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis, complemented by a range of sensitivity analyses to ensure result stability. Additionally, reverse MR analysis was performed to explore the possibility of bidirectional causality.ResultsThe IVW method, reinforced by sensitivity analyses, pinpointed 17 CSF metabolites with causal implications for six epilepsy phenotypes. After False Discovery Rate (FDR) multiple testing correction, two metabolites (Methylmalonate and Gamma‐glutamyl‐alpha‐lysine) were found to have robust causal links to epilepsy (p < 0.05 and FDR<0.05). The other 15 metabolites exhibited suggestive evidence of a causal association (p < 0.05 and FDR>0.05).SignificanceThis study highlights CSF metabolites that could serve as valuable biomarkers and may be critical in developing targeted treatments and preventing epilepsy.Plain Language SummaryThis study explores how certain chemicals in the brain fluid might influence the development of epilepsy, aiming to find new ways to treat or prevent it. Researchers looked at the relationship between 338 cerebrospinal fluid metabolites and 11 types of epilepsy using genetic data. They found that 17 of these chemicals could potentially cause six types of epilepsy. Two of these chemicals were strongly linked to epilepsy, suggesting they could be important for creating specific treatments or prevention strategies.
Shaking table test of a steel frame structure with layered three‐dimensional isolation
Authors: Shi Yundong , Wang Yuchen , Wang Qi , Dong Wenqing , Zhao Bo , Ding Yang , Li Zhong‐Xian , Wu Yitao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3D) base isolation system can enhance the seismic performance of steel frame structures. However, the notable coupling effects and rocking behavior in the superstructure will complicate the design of base isolators and weaken the seismic resilience of the 3D base isolation system. To realize the 3D isolation function and constrain the coupling effects and rocking behavior of steel frame structures simultaneously, a layered 3D isolation system is proposed through the combination of a horizontal base isolation with friction pendulum bearings and a vertical floor isolation with steel coil springs installed beneath the floor slabs. A series of full‐scale shaking table tests of a two‐storey steel frame structure were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. The test results indicate that the layered 3D isolation system with flexible horizontal displacement constraint devices decoupled the horizontal and vertical motions of the superstructure and improved the seismic behavior of steel frame structures. The horizontal–rocking coupling effects of the superstructure typically associated with traditional 3D base isolation were significantly suppressed. Due to the vertical acceleration isolation effects, the layered 3D isolation system led to stabler normal pressures on the friction pendulum and lower friction forces compared to the horizontal base isolation system, which mitigated the horizontal–vertical coupling effects of the structure and the stick‐slip motions of friction pendulums to result in higher horizontal acceleration isolation effects and self‐centering capacities. The unfavorable influence of elevating the floor slab on the seismic behavior of the superstructure was compensated by the horizontal isolation at the base.
Does Adoption of Multiple Climate‐Smart Agriculture Practices Improve Rural Farm Households' Food Security in Ethiopia?
Authors: Legesse Tibebu , Ganewo Zerhun , Alemu Abera , Ashebir Aneteneh , Samuel Andachew , Abayneh Yaynabeba 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTClimate‐smart agriculture (CSA) is a set of economically and environmentally friendly practices that can address the issues of food security under the new realities of climate change. However, the adoption of these practices among smallholder farmers is still low, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the factors determining rural farm households' adoption of CSA practices and their impact on food security in the Sidama region, Ethiopia. Primary data for this study were obtained from a randomly selected sample of 523 households using a pre‐tested, structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariate probit, and an endogenous switching regression model. The study found that, in the study area, conservation of agriculture is the most popular CSA practice, which is adopted by 96.2% of the adopters, followed by soil fertility management (82.2%), crop diversification (62.3%), small‐scale irrigation (47.9%), and crop–livestock integration (40.7%). The multivariate probit model revealed that the sex of the household head, age of the household head, educational level of the household head, extension contact, information on climate change, and distance to the market were identified as determinants for the adoption of CSA practices. Furthermore, the endogenous switching regression model analysis revealed that adoption of CSA practices increased rural farm household food security status. Therefore, this paper suggests that smallholder farmers should incorporate CSA practices to improve their food security.
An investigation into the transcription factors and regulatory mechanisms of Aspergillus
Authors: Qin Yuxin , Yu Huawei , Tian Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, a group of filamentous fungi widely distributed in nature as foodborne pathogens, are a major threat to food safety. It is thus clear that Aspergillus is inextricably linked to the food sector. Transcription factors enable the correct expression of genes at specific spatial and temporal levels, and they constitute a considerable proportion of the fungal genome sequence. Their presence is particularly important for growth, secondary metabolism, stress response, and pathogenic process of Aspergillus. This article reviews the functional regulatory mechanisms of important transcription factors in the foodborne pathogen Aspergillus flavus and other Aspergillus species, the current status of research technologies, and the potential value of applying them to diverse fields such as food safety, biotechnology, medical health, and agricultural output in the future.
Data‐driven framework for predicting the sorption capacity of carbon dioxide and methane in tight reservoirs
Authors: Alqahtani Fahd Mohamad , Youcefi Mohamed Riad , Djema Hakim , Nait Amar Menad , Ghasemi Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs energy demand continues to rise and conventional fuel sources dwindle, there is growing emphasis on previously overlooked reservoirs, such as tight reservoirs. Shale and coal formations have emerged as highly attractive options due to their substantial contributions to global gas reserves. Enhanced shale gas recovery (ESGR) and enhanced coalbed methane recovery (ECBM) based on gas injection are advanced techniques used to increase the extraction of gas from shale and coal formations. One of the key challenges associated with these formations and their enhanced recovery methods is accurately predicting the sorption process and its profile. This is crucial because it affects how methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are stored and released from the rock, and it significantly impacts the evaluation of gas content and the potential productivity of these formations. Due to the high cost of experimental procedures and the moderate accuracy of existing predictive approaches, this study proposes various cheap and consistent data‐driven schemes for predicting the sorption of CH4 and CO2 in shale and coal formations. In this regard, three intelligent models, including generalized regression neural network (GRNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and categorical boosting (CatBoost), were taught and tested using more than 3800 real measurements of CH4 and CO2 sorption in shale and coal formations. To find automatically their appropriate control parameters and improve their prediction ability, RBFNN and CatBoost were evolved using grey wolf optimization (GWO). The obtained results exhibited the encouraging prediction capabilities of the suggested models. In addition, it was found that CatBoost‐GWO is the most accurate scheme with total root mean square (RMSE) and determination coefficient (R2) of 0.1229 and 0.9993 for CO2 sorption, and 0.0681 and 0.9970 for CH4 sorption, respectively. Additionally, this approach demonstrated its physical validity by respecting the real sorption tendencies with respect to operational parameters. Furthermore, the CatBoost‐GWO model outperforms recently published machine learning approaches. Lastly, the findings of this study offer a significant contribution by demonstrating that the suggested model can greatly improve the ease of estimating CO2 and CH4 sorption in tight formations, thereby facilitating the simulation of other parameters related to this process. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Personalized Stenosing Tenosynovitis Brace Therapy Based on 3D Printing Technology: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sun Guantong , Li Xiaodong , Dai Jingjing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of personalized brace based on 3D printing technology in the treatment of stenosing tenosynovitis.MethodsFrom September 2021 to June 2023, 20 patients with stenosing tenosynovitis were collected and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 10 cases in each group, and each patient signed an informed consent. The experimental group was treated with personalized brace combined with External Diclofenac Diethalamine Emulgel, and the control group was treated with External Diclofenac Diethalamine Emulgel, and the clinical efficacy and pain scores of the two groups were compared.ResultsAfter 8 weeks of treatment, the degree of pain relief, metacarpophalangeal joint mobility and proximal interphalangeal joint mobility of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The activity pain scores of both groups were reduced, but the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionFor the treatment of patients with stenosing tenosynovitis, it is recommended to use personalized stenosing tenosynovitis brace therapy based on 3D printing technology combined with External Diclofenac Diethalamine Emulgel at the first visit, which can significantly reduce finger pain and improve hand function.
A State‐of‐the‐Art Review on the Recent Advances in Exosomes in Oncogenic Virus
Authors: Ebrahimi Fatemeh , Modaresi Movahedi Ali , Sabbaghian Mohammad , Poortahmasebi Vahdat 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsOncogenic viruses are responsible for approximately 12% of human malignancies, influencing various cancer processes through intricate interactions with host cells. Exosomes (EXOs), nanometric‐sized microvesicles involved in cell communication, have emerged as critical mediators in these interactions. This review aims to explore the mechanisms by which EXOs produced by cells infected with oncogenic viruses promote cancer growth, enhance viral transmissibility, and act as immunomodulators.MethodsA comprehensive review was conducted, focusing on recent studies highlighting the mechanisms by which EXOs facilitate the oncogenic potential of viruses. The analysis included the characterization of exosomal content, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, and their effects on tumor microenvironments and immune responses. A search was performed using databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. MeSH keywords related to EXOs, oncogenic viruses, and cancer were used to retrieve relevant review, systematic, and research articles.ResultsFindings indicate that EXOs from oncogenic virus‐infected cells carry viral components that facilitate infection and inflammation. These EXOs alter the tumor microenvironment, contributing to the development of virus‐associated cancers. Additionally, the review highlights the growing interest among researchers regarding the implications of EXOs in cancer progression and their potential role in enhancing the oncogenicity of viruses.ConclusionThe findings underscore the pivotal role of EXOs in mediating the oncogenic effects of viruses, suggesting that targeting exosomal pathways may provide new therapeutic avenues for managing virus‐associated cancers. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functional mechanisms of EXOs in viral oncogenesis.
Enhancing the Performance of Split Unit Air‐Conditioning System by Integrating Air–PCM Heat Transfer Unit: Numerical and Experimental Assessment
Authors: Hussein Noor A. , Abdul‐Zahra Amar S. , Al Jubori Ayad M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe growing need for energy‐efficient cooling solutions has driven the exploration of cutting‐edge technologies in air‐conditioning (AC) systems. Therefore, this research aims to improve the energy efficiency of a split AC system by incorporating a phase change material (PCM) heat transfer element into the AC system. PCM can release and store thermal energy, assisting in decreasing the load on the AC system during peak cooling periods. The PCM utilized in the study is Rubitherm RT18HC. The study includes numerical and experimental evaluations to assess the impact of the air–PCM unit on the split unit's performance. The numerical simulations were conducted using computational fluid dynamics models based on ANSYS‐Fluent to choose the best design and conditions for the air–PCM unit. The experimental study was conducted in the hot environment of Iraq, where outdoor temperatures exceed 43°C. The numerical results showed that the best design and conditions concluded to be a 1‐cm PCM height in the panels, 3 cm air channel height, 0.9 m/s air velocity for charging, 0.45 m/s air velocity for discharging, 7°C inlet air temperature for charging, and 25°C inlet air temperature for discharging. In the experimental part, after validating the theoretical results, two practical cases were conducted to evaluate the split unit performance with and without PCM. The results showed an average of 5% lower room temperature, 9.5% lower air entering the evaporator temperature, 10% lower energy consumption, and a 12.5% increase in the AC unit's coefficient of performance when using the air–PCM heat transfer unit.
A Computational Analysis of Air‐Cooled Heat Sinks Designs for PV Solar Panel Cooling With Different Fin Numbers
Authors: Hasan Abdullah Al , Abdullah Md. , Sazid Abu Soyeb 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels is highly sensitive to operating temperatures, with increased temperatures leading to a significant decline in electrical output and overall performance. Despite extensive research into thermal management solutions for PV panels, there remains a gap in optimizing passive cooling systems, particularly air‐cooled heat sinks, to achieve effective heat dissipation. This study addresses the challenge by conducting a detailed computational analysis of air‐cooled heat sinks with varying fin configurations to enhance the thermal regulation of PV panels. Using computational fluid dynamics simulations, this work evaluates the influence of fin number and spacing on airflow dynamics and heat dissipation efficiency. Key findings from ANSYS Postprocessor simulations indicate that heat sinks with a higher number of fins improve heat dissipation, with the 11‐fin configuration demonstrating the highest temperature drop of 38.44 K. Comparatively, the base model (nine fins, 0.05 m fin spacing) exhibited a maximum temperature of 331.46 K and a mean velocity of 1.58 m/s. A parametric study of finless designs showed a lower mean temperature of 321.28 K, but with significantly reduced airflow velocity. Intermediate designs, such as the six‐fin and seven‐fin heat sinks, also demonstrated improved thermal performance over the finless model but were outperformed by the 11‐fin configuration. This study contributes to the ongoing efforts to optimize passive cooling for PV solar panels by demonstrating the critical impact of fin number on heat sink effectiveness. The findings offer valuable insights into the design of more efficient cooling mechanisms, potentially enhancing both the performance and longevity of PV systems.
Optimizing Hydrazine Activation on Dual‐Site Co‐Zn Catalysts for Direct Hydrazine‐Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Liu Qian , Han Junwei , Yang Yue , Chen Zerui , Wu Hao Bin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDirect hydrazine‐hydrogen peroxide fuel cells (DHzHPFCs) offer unique advantages for air‐independent applications, but their commercialization is impeded by the lack of high‐performance and low‐cost catalysts. This study reports a novel dual‐site Co‐Zn catalyst designed to enhance the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) activity. Density functional theory calculations suggested that incorporating Zn into Co catalysts can weaken the binding strength of the crucial N2H3* intermediate, which limits the rate‐determining N2H3* desorption step. The synthesized p‐Co9Zn1 catalyst exhibited a remarkably low reaction potential of −0.15 V versus RHE at 10 mA cm−2, outperforming monometallic Co catalysts. Experimental and computational analyses revealed dual active sites at the Co/ZnO interface, which facilitate N2H3* desorption and subsequent N2H2* formation. A liquid N2H4‐H2O2 fuel cell with p‐Co9Zn1 catalyst achieved a high open circuit voltage of 1.916 V and a maximum power density of 195 mW cm−2, demonstrating the potential application of the dual‐site Co‐Zn catalyst. This rational design strategy of tuning the N2H3* binding energy through bimetallic interactions provides a pathway for developing efficient and economical non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for DHzHPFCs.