bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted stimulation of human orbitofrontal networks disrupts outcome-guided behavior
Authors: Howard James D. , Reynolds Rachel , Smith Devyn E. , Voss Joel L. , Schoenbaum Geoffrey , Kahnt Thorsten 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTOutcome-guided behavior requires knowledge about the current value of expected outcomes. Such behavior can be isolated in the reinforcer devaluation task, which assesses the ability to infer the current value of rewards after devaluation. Animal lesion studies demonstrate that orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is necessary for normal behavior in this task, but a causal role for human OFC in outcome-guided behavior has not been established. Here we used sham-controlled non-invasive continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) to temporarily disrupt human OFC network activity prior to devaluation of food odor rewards in a between-subjects design. Subjects in the sham group appropriately avoided Pavlovian cues associated with devalued food odors. However, subjects in the stimulation group persistently chose those cues, even though devaluation of food odors themselves was unaffected by cTBS. This behavioral impairment was mirrored in changes in resting-stated functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) activity, such that subjects in the stimulation group exhibited reduced global OFC network connectivity after cTBS, and the magnitude of this reduction was correlated with choices after devaluation. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of indirectly targeting the human OFC with non-invasive cTBS, and indicate that OFC is specifically required for inferring the value of expected outcomes.
Electrochemical corrosion behavior of HVOF sprayed WC–12Co coating on H13 hot work mould steel
Authors: Weicheng Kong , Hui Shen , Jiaxu Gao , Jie Wu , Yuling Lu 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the electrochemical corrosion performance of high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) sprayed WC–12Co coating in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution, which provided a guiding significance on the corrosion resistance of H13 hot work mould steel.

Design/methodology/approach
A WC–12Co coating was fabricated on H13 hot work mould steel using a HVOF, and the electrochemical corrosion behaviors of WC–12Co coating and substrate in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution was measured using open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization curve (PPC) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests.

Findings
The OCP and PPC of WC–12Co coating positively shift than those of substrate, its corrosion tendency and corrosion rate decrease to enhance its corrosion resistance. The curvature radius of capacitance curve on the WC–12Co coating is larger than that on the substrate, and the impedance and polarization resistance of WC–12Co coating increase faster than those of substrate, which reduces the corrosion process.

Originality/value
The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of WC–12Co coating and substrate in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution is first measured using OCP, PPC and EIS tests, which improve the electrochemical corrosion resistance of H13 hot work mould steel.
Antecedents of continuous change in educational organizations
Authors: Kondakci Yasar , Zayim Kurtay Merve , Caliskan Omer 
Published: August 2019

PurposeDrawing on and theorizing continuous change, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the antecedents of continuous change behavior in schools. Relying on conceptual discussions about organizational change (OC), three sets of variables including context (workload, participatory management, trust), process (knowledge sharing, social interaction) and outcome (job satisfaction) were identified as antecedents of continuous change.Design/methodology/approachTo test the predictive value of the antecedents for continuous change, a correlational study was design and structural equation modeling was used to test the direct and indirect relationships among study variables. The data were collected from a sample of 648 primary and secondary public school teachers.FindingsThe results showed that context, outcome, and process factors function through direct and indirect paths to contribute to the prediction of continuous change behavior. Moreover, knowledge sharing either directly or indirectly played a central role in the prediction of continuous change behavior.Research limitations/implicationsThese results suggested that a widened knowledge base provides the basis for ongoing experimentation with, alteration, and modification of work categories in schools. Providing such factors in schools seems to facilitate the ongoing improvement of work practices in schools, even in the absence of a planned change intervention.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first empirical studies tested the predictive value of antecedents of continuous change in school organizational context, where OC is the norm and change failures are very common.
Internationalization market and higher education field: institutional perspectives
Authors: Alsharari Nizar Mohammad 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the internationalization market of higher education (HE) globally and HE field. It examines the internationalization status of HE in Jordan as influenced by institutional perspectives as an example from developing countries.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a quantitative research design that includes a statistical and SWOT analysis of HE in Jordan. Data were collected from different courses: documents and archival records, websites analysis, surveys, interviews with professors and administrators, and an SWOT analysis as well as TOWS matrix. The latter has been constructed as a picture of internationalized education in the Jordan that can be used as a basis for decision making and strategies for higher education institutions (HEIs).FindingsThe study findings reveal that it is important for Jordan to endorse itself as an “education hub” in the Middle East and to educate its community to the level of skills required by globalization. The challenges of internationalizing HE are revealed by the SWOT analysis and TOWS matrix that highlight a wide range of opportunities and strengths that encourages the Jordan HE system to accelerate internationalization. The opportunities include overall improvement in the quality of education, the diffusion of technology and creating a globally competent workforce. The internationalization status in Jordan HE is still in its embryonic stage. The HE should take serious steps toward the internationalization including admission of international students, foreign postgraduate students, international accreditation, global ranking, online education and smart education. These steps will help the universities leaders to improve their universities position internationally and financially.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings reveal implications for HE policy and strategy in the development of internationalized HE in the Jordan. The study shows how SWOT analysis and TOWS matrix can provide a solid platform against which particular case studies can be measured in terms of opportunities for and challenges of development. It also provides institutional perspectives with practical implications, focusing on some of the critical issues in this developing field for HE policy and strategy alike. A major threat to the Jordan progress in developing its HE sector identified in this study is external accreditation being seen as a signal of high quality, when more realistic standards are perhaps more relevant to the local population.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the very few studies in the area of the internationalization of HE in the Jordan that can contribute to the sustainability of the international dimension of HEIs. The opportunities and threats recognized in this paper can inform strategy for more balanced development of the Jordan’s internationalized HE, and for raising the quality of education overall.
Housing satisfaction in a traditional neighborhood of Izmit, Turkey
Authors: Erdogan Nevnihal , Kisa Ovali Pınar , Kayapinar Özgur 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to investigate housing satisfaction in a traditional neighborhood of Izmit, Turkey. According to this purpose, it was investigated whether the perceived living conditions (PLC) were mediating the effect on participants’ general housing satisfaction caused by satisfaction with the perceived quality of facilities (FQP), satisfaction with performance of local authorities (LA), satisfaction with social relations (SR) and satisfaction with physical surrounding (PS) in the Topçular neighborhood of Izmit District in Kocaeli, Turkey.Design/methodology/approachAccording to the hypotheses developed within the framework of the theoretical model, by using structural equation modeling (SEM), first, the direct relations between the variables were tested (PLC → overall housing satisfaction (OHS); PS, SR, LA → PLC; FQP → LA), then the indirect relationships between the variables were analyzed with the mediated role of OHS (PS, SR, LA → OHS → PLC).FindingsThe results show that all factors affected the OHS through the PLC. In conclusion, as the living conditions of the individual living in the neighborhood improve, the conditions take an active role in the relationship between the OHS and the satisfaction with the other relevant factors in the neighborhood, namely, PS, SR and performance of LA. In this relationship, it is seen that the satisfaction with PS has a negative effect, while the satisfaction with SR and satisfaction with the performance of LA have positive effects.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was applied only to Turkey’s Izmit Province. Research may also be applied to other cities apart from those in Turkey. A small sample was also used in the study. Reaching a wider sampling for SEM can lead to different results.Practical implicationsPlanners and designers should consider satisfaction – including various factors involved in planning, designing and refurbishing the neighborhoods – as the most important design data.Social implicationsThe results of this study show that living conditions had an active role in the relationship between OHS and certain factors in the neighborhood: satisfaction with PS, SR and performance of LA. This study offers a framework to LA such as policymakers and urban planners to develop relevant and effective strategies and to improve dissatisfactory conditions in new and peripheral areas.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper is based on revealing the factors affecting the housing satisfaction of people living in the province of Izmit. This study offers a framework to LA such as policymakers and urban planners to develop relevant and effective strategies and to improve dissatisfactory conditions in new and peripheral areas.
Communication disorders among Syrian refugee children in Beqaa, Lebanon
Authors: Salam Alia , McIntire Russell K. , Pilling Lucille B. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the severity of certain communication disorders (CD) in a sample of Syrian refugee children. There are a limited number of studies about CD among refugee children.

Design/methodology/approach
Over a period of 22 months, 161 cases of CD – not caused by motor or structural disorders – were seen at a Mental Health Clinic in Beqaa, Lebanon. The authors calculated descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and bivariate statistics to identify relationships between CD, demographics and school enrollment among cases.

Findings
Ages ranged between 3 and 16 years with a mean of 6.91. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. The most prevalent category of CD was speech, followed by expressive language, then receptive language. Parents reported behavioral or emotional problems in 38 percent of the cases; emotional problems, mainly anxiety, were much more common than behavioral problems. Enrollment in school was associated with a lower number of impairments and less severe speech and language impairments.

Originality/value
The results highlight the importance of early detection and intervention among Syrian refugee children. Schools can alleviate some psychological issues that compound CD by enhancing resilient behaviors and providing social support. They can also implement measures for detection and intervention.
Intersectionality in the narratives of black women in computing through the education and workforce pipeline
Authors: Yamaguchi Ryoko , Burge Jamika D. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the narratives of 93 Black women in computing in the USA to identify salient themes that are at the intersection of race and gender in the field of computer science.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a multi-method approach with a survey to describe the sample and a series of focus groups for in-depth analysis of themes. The qualitative methodology uses a grounded theory and consensual qualitative research approach with a research team that includes computer scientists and social scientists to collect and analyze data. Given the highly technical field of computer science and the intersectional experiences of the participants, this approach was optimal to capture and code data through the lens of Black women in computing.FindingsThe authors found four main themes that represented specific needs for Black women in the computing community. The first is the importance of linking Black women in computing (i.e. their recruitment, retention and career growth) to the bottom line of organizational and personal accountability. The second is effective cultural and educational supports for Black women in computing across pathways, starting in middle school. The third is to provide leadership development as a part of their educational and workplace experience. The fourth is a collection of empirical research and scholarship about and for Black women as a part of the computing literature.Originality/valueBlack women comprise one of the most underrepresented subgroups in the area of computer science in the USA. There is very little research about Black women in computing. To promote broadened participation in computing, there is a critical need to understand the narratives of successful Black women in the space.
Multiple components of plant diversity loss determine herbivore phylogenetic diversity in a subtropical forest experiment
Authors: Wang Ming‐Qiang , Li Yi , Chesters Douglas , Anttonen Perttu , Bruelheide Helge , Chen Jing‐Ting , Durka Walter , Guo Peng‐Fei , Härdtle Werner , Ma Keping , Michalski Stefan G. , Schmid Bernhard , von Oheimb Goddert , Wu Chun‐Sheng , Zhang Nai‐Li , Zhou Qing‐Song , Schuldt Andreas , Zhu Chao‐Dong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Plant diversity loss can alter higher trophic‐level communities via non‐random species interactions, which in turn may cascade to affect key ecosystem functions. These non‐random linkages might be best captured by patterns of phylogenetic diversity, which take into account co‐evolutionary dependencies. However, lack of adequate phylogenetic data of higher trophic levels hampers our mechanistic understanding of biodiversity relationships in species‐rich ecosystems.

We used DNA barcoding to generate data on the phylogenetic diversity of lepidopteran caterpillars in a large‐scale forest biodiversity experiment in subtropical China. We analysed how different metrics of lepidopteran phylogenetic diversity (Faith's PD, MPD, MNTD) and taxonomic diversity were influenced by multiple components of tree diversity (taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic).

Our data from six sampling periods represent 7,204 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of lepidopteran larvae, clustered into 461 molecular operational taxonomic units. Lepidopteran abundance, the effective number of species (irrespective of the focus on rare or common species) and Faith's PD and MPD (reflecting basal evolutionary splits), but not MNTD (reflecting recent evolutionary splits), significantly increased with experimentally manipulated tree species richness. Lepidopteran MNTD decreased with increasing tree MNTD. Path analyses showed that tree phylogenetic and functional diversity explained part, but not all of the effects of tree species richness on lepidopteran diversity. Importantly, tree diversity effects on lepidopteran diversity were to a large extent indirect, operating via changes in lepidopteran abundance.

Synthesis. Our study shows that evolutionary dependencies determine the response of herbivore communities to changes in host plant diversity. Incorporating a wider range of diversity metrics both at the level of producers and consumers can thus help to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the functional consequences of biodiversity change across trophic levels. Moreover, the dependence of trophic linkages on herbivore abundances underlines the need to address the consequences of current declines in insect abundances for ecosystem structure and functioning.
Mitochondrial‐encoded endonucleases drive recombination of protein‐coding genes in yeast
Authors: Wu Baojun , Hao Weilong 
Published: August 2019

SummaryMitochondrial recombination in yeast is well recognized, yet the underlying genetic mechanisms are not well understood. Recent progress has suggested that mobile introns in mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can facilitate the recombination of their corresponding intron‐containing genes through a mechanism known as intron homing. As many mitochondrial genes lack introns, there is a critical need to determine the extent of recombination and underlying mechanism of intron‐lacking genes. This study leverages yeast mitogenomes to address these questions. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the 3′‐end sequences of at least three intron‐lacking mitochondrial genes exhibit elevated nucleotide diversity and recombination hotspots. Each of these 3′‐end sequences is immediately adjacent to or even fused as overlapping genes with a stand‐alone endonuclease. Our findings suggest that SAEs are responsible for recombination and elevated diversity of adjacent intron‐lacking genes. SAEs were also evident to drive recombination of intron‐lacking genes in Lachancea kluyveri, a yeast species that diverged from S. cerevisiae more than 100 million years ago. These results suggest SAEs as a common driver in recombination of intron‐lacking genes during mitogenome evolution. We postulate that the linkage between intron‐lacking gene and its adjacent endonuclease gene is the result of co‐evolution.
Incomplete Clearinghouse Mandates
Authors: Baker Colleen M. 
Published: August 2019

In the 2007–08 financial crisis, over‐the‐counter (OTC) derivatives triggered the collapse of colossal financial institutions. In response, global policy makers instituted clearinghouse mandates. As a result, all standardized OTC derivatives must now use clearinghouses, and global financial market stability now depends upon these institutions. Yet certain underlying legal and regulatory structures threaten to undermine clearinghouse stability, particularly were a significant clearinghouse to become distressed. This article argues that the clearinghouse mandates are incomplete in that they fail to reform these problematic arrangements.As with electric utilities, the lights at the financial market infrastructures known as clearinghouses must always be on. Yet the legal frameworks for handling a distressed clearinghouse, the problem of clearinghouse recovery, and resolution, remain uncertain. This article advances debate on this issue. It argues that recovery, a private market restructuring process, can be conceptualized as a bargaining game dependent upon time‐critical cooperation between a clearinghouse and members. This article uses transaction cost economics to demonstrate, however, that certain underlying legal and regulatory structures could work at cross‐purposes to this necessary cooperation, and actually increase its cost. Based upon this analysis, it proposes reforms designed to ensure that parties’ incentives promote efficient recovery. In the absence of efficient recovery frameworks, the path of a distressed, significant clearinghouse is likely to resemble that of the government‐backed mortgage lenders whose fate more than ten years after their entry into conservatorship remains uncertain. This article aims to help avoid a repeat of this history.
Understanding ageing well in Australian rural and regional settings: Applying an age‐friendly lens
Authors: Hancock Shaun , Winterton Rachel , Wilding Clare , Blackberry Irene 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates how rural community‐dwelling older adults' views on what is important in maintaining health and wellbeing align with the eight age‐friendly domains proposed by the World Health Organisation, and which domains are most salient.DesignData were gathered through open‐ended response postcards distributed using a whole‐of‐community approach.SettingThe Rural City of Wangaratta, a rural local government area located in north‐east Victoria.Participants262 postcards were returned by rural older adults, carers and family members.Main outcome measureThematic analysis of open‐ended responses to the following question: what is important to you as you grow older (or your loved one), in terms of keeping healthy and well?ResultsEven though all eight age‐friendly domains were identified as important for health and wellbeing, community and health services was the most frequently discussed domain, followed by transportation and access to outdoor spaces and buildings. However, individual‐level factors, inclusive of personal activities, attitudes and capacities, were also identified as important to rural older adults.ConclusionFindings support the use of the World Health Organization's age‐friendly city framework in assessing what is important to rural older adults' health and wellbeing, with the community and health services domain most salient. However, individual‐level activities, attitudes and capacities must also be considered.
Swallowing disorders in an older fractured hip population
Authors: Beric Emily , Smith Rebecca , Phillips Karen , Patterson Corey , Pain Tilley 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveDysphagia is prevalent in the older population and might lead to complications, such as pneumonia, malnutrition and dehydration. This study examines an older population post hip‐fracture surgery to examine the factors correlated with dysphagia, severity of dysphagia and the incidence of dysphagia in a regional setting.DesignThis prospective cohort study replicates Love et al's (2013, Age Ageing, 42:782) and compares the studies' results. Participants were assessed for dysphagia within 72 hours post hip‐fracture surgery. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the incidence and severity of dysphagia, and collate pre‐operative and post‐operative characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to describe relationships between dysphagia and explanatory variables, and to predict the presence of post‐operative oropharyngeal dysphagia.SettingGeneral orthopaedic ward at a North Queensland regional hospital.ParticipantsOne‐hundred‐three participants: 78 women and 25 men, aged 65‐94 years.Main outcome measure(s)The presence and severity of dysphagia were identified based on the clinical judgement of speech pathologists with at least 2 years' experience in managing patients with acute dysphagia.ResultFifty‐four per cent of the participants were diagnosed with dysphagia of varying severity. Female sex, post‐operative confusion and living in a residential aged‐care facility prior to admission, significantly predicted dysphagia post‐surgery. Post‐operative confusion and living in a residential aged‐care facility prior to admission, were also significantly correlated with severity of dysphagia post‐operatively.ConclusionDysphagia was present in a higher proportion of this cohort than that reported by Love et al. This highlights the necessity of timely assessment and management of dysphagia in an older population post‐surgery for a fractured hip.