bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of choice of treatment modality on the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Koyanagi Masaomi , Fukuda Hitoshi , Saiki Masaaki , Tsuji Yoshihito , Lo Benjamin , Kawasaki Toshinari , Ioroi Yoshihiko , Fukumitsu Ryu , Ishibashi Ryota , Oda Masashi , Narumi Osamu , Chin Masaki , Yamagata Sen , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEShunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SDHC) may arise after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) as CSF resorptive mechanisms are disrupted. Using propensity score analysis, the authors aimed to investigate which treatment modality, surgical clipping or endovascular treatment, is superior in reducing rates of SDHC after aSAH.METHODSThe authors’ multicenter SAH database, comprising 3 stroke centers affiliated with Kyoto University, Japan, was used to identify patients treated between January 2009 and July 2016. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to characterize risk factors for SDHC after aSAH. A propensity score model was generated for both treatment groups, incorporating relevant patient covariates to detect any superiority for prevention of SDHC after aSAH.RESULTSA total of 566 patients were enrolled in this study. SDHC developed in 127 patients (22%). On multivariate analysis, age older than 53 years, the presence of intraventricular hematoma, and surgical clipping as opposed to endovascular coiling were independently associated with SDHC after aSAH. After propensity score matching, 136 patients treated with surgical clipping and 136 with endovascular treatment were matched. Propensity score–matched cohorts exhibited a significantly lower incidence of SDHC after endovascular treatment than after surgical clipping (16% vs 30%, p = 0.009; OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.2). SDHC was independently associated with poor neurological outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score 3–6) at discharge (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.6–7.3; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSSDHC after aSAH occurred significantly more frequently in patients who underwent surgical clipping. Strategies for treatment of ruptured aneurysms should be used to mitigate SDHC and minimize poor outcomes.
Spinal ependymoma in adults: a multicenter investigation of surgical outcome and progression-free survival
Authors: Wostrack Maria , Ringel Florian , Eicker Sven O. , Jägersberg Max , Schaller Karl , Kerschbaumer Johannes , Thomé Claudius , Shiban Ehab , Stoffel Michael , Friedrich Benjamin , Kehl Victoria , Vajkoczy Peter , Meyer Bernhard , Onken Julia 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVESpinal ependymomas are rare glial neoplasms. Because their incidence is low, only a few larger studies have investigated this condition. There are no clear data concerning prognosis and therapy. The aim of the study was to describe the natural history, perioperative clinical course, and local tumor control of adult patients with spinal ependymomas who were surgically treated under modern treatment standards.METHODSThe authors performed a multicenter retrospective study. They identified 158 adult patients with spinal ependymomas who had received surgical treatment between January 2006 and June 2013. The authors analyzed the clinical and histological aspects of these cases to identify the predictive factors for postoperative morbidity, tumor resectability, and recurrence.RESULTSGross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 80% of cases. At discharge, 37% of the patients showed a neurological decline. During follow-up the majority recovered, whereas 76% showed at least preoperative status. Permanent functional deterioration remained in 2% of the patients. Transient deficits were more frequent in patients with cervically located ependymomas (p = 0.004) and in older patients (p = 0.002). Permanent deficits were independently predicted only by older age (p = 0.026). Tumor progression was observed in 15 cases. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 80%, and GTR (p = 0.037), WHO grade II (p = 0.009), and low Ki-67 index (p = 0.005) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Adjuvant radiation therapy was performed in 15 cases. No statistically relevant effects of radiation therapy were observed among patients with incompletely resected ependymomas (p = 0.079).CONCLUSIONSDue to its beneficial value for PFS, GTR is important in the treatment of spinal ependymoma. Gross-total resection is feasible in the majority of cases, with acceptable rates of permanent deficits. Also, Ki-67 appears to be an important prognostic factor and should be included in a grading scheme for spinal ependymomas.
Patterns of Variation for the Sun and Sun-like Stars
Authors: Radick Richard R. , Lockwood G. Wesley , Henry Gregory W. , Hall Jeffrey C. , Pevtsov Alexei A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We compare patterns of variation for the Sun and 72 Sun-like stars by combining total and spectral solar irradiance measurements between 2003 and 2017 from the SORCE satellite, Strömgren b, y stellar photometry between 1993 and 2017 from Fairborn Observatory, and solar and stellar chromospheric Ca ii H+K emission observations between 1992 and 2016 from Lowell Observatory. The new data and their analysis strengthen the relationships found previously between chromospheric and brightness variability on the decadal timescale of the solar activity cycle. Both chromospheric H+K and photometric b, y variability among Sun-like stars are related to average chromospheric activity by power laws on this timescale. Young active stars become fainter as their H+K emission increases, and older, less active, more Sun-age stars tend to show a pattern of direct correlation between photometric and chromospheric emission variations. The directly correlated pattern between total solar irradiance and chromospheric Ca ii emission variations shown by the Sun appears to extend also to variations in the Strömgren b, y portion of the solar spectrum. Although the Sun does not differ strongly from its stellar age and spectral class mates in the activity and variability characteristics that we have now studied for over three decades, it may be somewhat unusual in two respects: (1) its comparatively smooth, regular activity cycle, and (2) its rather low photometric brightness variation relative to its chromospheric activity level and variation, perhaps indicating that facular emission and sunspot darkening are especially well-balanced on the Sun.
High-resolution Observations of Flares in an Arch Filament System
Authors: Su Yingna , Liu Rui , Li Shangwei , Cao Wenda , Ahn Kwangsu , Ji Haisheng 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We study five sequential solar flares (SOL2015-08-07) occurring in Active Region 12396 observed with the Goode Solar Telescope (GST) at the Big Bear Solar Observatory, complemented by Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph and SDO observations. The main flaring region is an arch filament system (AFS) consisting of multiple bundles of dark filament threads enclosed by semicircular flare ribbons. We study the magnetic configuration and evolution of the active region by constructing coronal magnetic field models based on SDO/HMI magnetograms using two independent methods, i.e., the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation and the flux rope insertion method. The models consist of multiple flux ropes with mixed signs of helicity, i.e., positive (negative) in the northern (southern) region, which is consistent with the GST observations of multiple filament bundles. The footprints of quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs) derived from the extrapolated NLFFF compare favorably with the observed flare ribbons. An interesting double-ribbon fine structure located at the east border of the AFS is consistent with the fine structure of the QSL’s footprint. Moreover, magnetic field lines traced along the semicircular footprint of a dome-like QSL surrounding the AFS are connected to the regions of significant helicity and Poynting flux injection. The maps of magnetic twist show that positive twist became dominant as time progressed, which is consistent with the injection of positive helicity before the flares. We hence conclude that these circular shaped flares are caused by 3D magnetic reconnection at the QSLs associated with the AFS possessing mixed signs of helicity.
The Dragonfly Nearby Galaxies Survey. IV. A Giant Stellar Disk in NGC 2841
Authors: Zhang 张洁 Jielai 莱 , Abraham Roberto , van Dokkum Pieter , Merritt Allison , Janssens Steven 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Neutral gas is commonly believed to dominate over stars in the outskirts of galaxies, and investigations of the disk-halo interface are generally considered to be in the domain of radio astronomy. This may simply be a consequence of the fact that deep H i observations typically probe to a lower-mass surface density than visible wavelength data. This paper presents low-surface-brightness, optimized visible wavelength observations of the extreme outskirts of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 2841. We report the discovery of an enormous low-surface brightness stellar disk in this object. When azimuthally averaged, the stellar disk can be traced out to a radius of ∼70 kpc (5 R
25 or 23 inner disk scale lengths). The structure in the stellar disk traces the morphology of H i emission and extended UV emission. Contrary to expectations, the stellar mass surface density does not fall below that of the gas mass surface density at any radius. In fact, at all radii greater than ∼20 kpc, the ratio of the stellar mass to gas mass surface density is a constant 3:1. Beyond ∼30 kpc, the low-surface-brightness stellar disk begins to warp, which may be an indication of a physical connection between the outskirts of the galaxy and infall from the circumgalactic medium. A combination of stellar migration, accretion, and in situ star formation might be responsible for building up the outer stellar disk, but whatever mechanisms formed the outer disk must also explain the constant ratio between stellar and gas mass in the outskirts of this galaxy.
Nepafenac Ophthalmic Suspension 0.3% for the Management of Ocular Pain After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Kontadakis George A. , Chronopoulou Konstantina G. , Tsopouridou Rodoula , Tabibian David , Kymionis George D. 
Published: March 2018

PURPOSE:
To investigate the effect of nepafenac 0.3% in a once daily dosage regarding pain and healing after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

METHODS:
This was a prospective, comparative, contralateral randomized study of 35 patients undergoing PRK for the correction of low to moderate myopia and myopic astigmatism. After randomization, patients received nepafenac 0.3% ophthalmic suspension once daily in one eye (nepafenac 0.3% group) and nepafenac 0.1% ophthalmic suspension three times a day in the other eye (nepafenac 0.1% group) until the second postoperative day. Pain was evaluated every 2 hours on the day of the operation and then once daily using a scale ranging from 0 to 4. Patients were then examined at 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 12 postoperative months. Visual acuity and subepithelial haze were also assessed.

RESULTS:
No differences were detected between groups in pain scores, subepithelial haze scores, or visual acuity. Refractive predictability was also similar.

CONCLUSIONS:
Nepafenac 0.3% ophthalmic suspension in a daily regimen after PRK seems to be an effective treatment for pain and ocular discomfort with effects similar to the 0.1% suspension.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(3):171–176.]
Données ethnozoologiques sur l’utilisation des oiseaux dans la médecine traditionnelle chez le peuple Gouro de la Marahoué de Côte d’Ivoire (Afrique de l’Ouest)
Authors: Koue Bi  Tih Mathieu , Yaokokoré-Beibro K.H , Kasse Benoît Kouadio , Kouassi Philippe Kouassi 
Published: March 2018

Un inventaire des oiseaux utilisés dans la pharmacopée traditionnelle chez le peuple Gouro a été mené dans 19 villages de la région de la Marahoué, au centre Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire durant cinq mois, d’août à décembre 2010 et 15 mois, de février 2012 à avril 2013. Cette étude basée sur les enquêtes auprès des populations locales a pu identifier 44 espèces d’oiseaux utilisées dans la médecine traditionnelle sur les 238 espèces reconnues par ce peuple. Dans cette liste a été identifié Bycanistes cylindricus qui a le statut d’espèce quasi menacée sur la liste rouge de l’UICN. Sur les 17 traitements et effets désirés qui nécessitent l’usage des oiseaux chez les Gouro, quatre (soit 23,53 %) exigent le plus d’espèces d’oiseaux. Les Accipitridae et les Musophagidae sont les plus utilisés en zoothérapie par ce peuple.
Assessing <i>Clivia</i> taxonomy using the core DNA barcode regions, <i>matK</i> and <i>rbcLa</i>
Authors: Spies Johan J. , Spies Paula 
Published: March 2018

Background: Clivia is a genus of the family Amaryllidaceae endemic to South Africa and Swaziland. Six species and one natural hybrid have been described. Some morphological traits overlap between some species, thus causing taxonomic confusion.Objectives: The discriminatory power of the core DNA barcodes (matK and rbcLa) was evaluated, and the current taxonomy of Clivia was assessed.Method: Seventy-four two-locus DNA barcodes from 4 to 18 specimens per species were generated.Results: The matK region had a higher mean intraspecific variation of 0.21 compared with the 0.02 of rbcLa. The two-locus barcodes have an aligned length of 1335 base pairs. Three species, Clivia mirabilis, Clivia nobilis and Clivia caulescens, are monophyletic in the Bayesian Inference (BI) cladogram. The remaining Clivia species (Clivia miniata, Clivia gardenii, Clivia robusta and their affinities) are paraphyletic. Clivia is divided into 17 haplogroups with those of C. mirabilis and C. nobilis being unique. Clivia caulescens has three haplotypes. The Clivia species from the north-eastern distribution range of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces have 11 haplogroups and no species-specific DNA barcodes. These groups have no correlation with the current taxonomy or geographical distribution.Conclusions: Only 37.33% of the species can be correctly identified with the ‘best match’ option in SpeciesIdentifier. Clivia mirabilis, C. nobilis and C. caulescens have unique DNA barcodes to identify them. Specimens from the Ngome area in KwaZulu-Natal have a unique DNA barcode, separating them from the rest of C. gardenii. A taxonomic revision is suggested.
Temporally delineated sources of major chemical species in high Arctic snow
Authors: Macdonald Katrina M. , Sharma Sangeeta , Toom Desiree , Chivulescu Alina , Platt Andrew , Elsasser Mike , Huang Lin , Leaitch Richard , Chellman Nathan , McConnell Joseph R. , Bozem Heiko , Kunkel Daniel , Lei Ying Duan , Jeong Cheol-Heon , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Evans Greg J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Long-range transport of aerosol from lower latitudes to the high Arctic may be a significant contributor to climate forcing in the Arctic. To identify the sources of key contaminants entering the Canadian High Arctic an intensive campaign of snow sampling was completed at Alert, Nunavut, from September 2014 to June 2015. Fresh snow samples collected every few days were analyzed for black carbon, major ions, and metals, and this rich data set provided an opportunity for a temporally refined source apportionment of snow composition via positive matrix factorization (PMF) in conjunction with FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model) potential emission sensitivity analysis. Seven source factors were identified: sea salt, crustal metals, black carbon, carboxylic acids, nitrate, non-crustal metals, and sulfate. The sea salt and crustal factors showed good agreement with expected composition and primarily northern sources. High loadings of V and Se onto Factor 2, crustal metals, was consistent with expected elemental ratios, implying these metals were not primarily anthropogenic in origin. Factor 3, black carbon, was an acidic factor dominated by black carbon but with some sulfate contribution over the winter-haze season. The lack of K+ associated with this factor, a Eurasian source, and limited known forest fire events coincident with this factor's peak suggested a predominantly anthropogenic combustion source. Factor 4, carboxylic acids, was dominated by formate and acetate with a moderate correlation to available sunlight and an oceanic and North American source. A robust identification of this factor was not possible; however, atmospheric photochemical reactions, ocean microlayer reaction, and biomass burning were explored as potential contributors. Factor 5, nitrate, was an acidic factor dominated by NO3−, with a likely Eurasian source and mid-winter peak. The isolation of NO3− on a separate factor may reflect its complex atmospheric processing, though the associated source region suggests possibly anthropogenic precursors. Factor 6, non-crustal metals, showed heightened loadings of Sb, Pb, and As, and correlation with other metals traditionally associated with industrial activities. Similar to Factor 3 and 5, this factor appeared to be largely Eurasian in origin. Factor 7, sulfate, was dominated by SO42− and MS with a fall peak and high acidity. Coincident volcanic activity and northern source regions may suggest a processed SO2 source of this factor.
Possible Outcomes of Introducing a Majority System for Elections to the Czech Parliament’s Chamber of Deputies
Authors: Pink Michal 
Published: March 2018

This paper explores the possibility of introducing a majority electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies in the Czech Republic, and discusses the virtues and drawbacks of such a system. It recalculates the electoral results from two previous elections using majority electoral systems (first-past-the-post and two round majority system) to examine how such a change could influence the formation of governmental majorities in the chamber and what the possible consequences for the quality of democracy in the Czech Republic could be. The results show that majority system would likely radically simplify the formation of governments with clear majorities, and hinder emerging populist parties as well as weaken the communist party. On the other hand, the adoption of a majority system would substantially lower barriers to enter the chamber, which could lead to the disintegration of the party system and its increased fragmentation. Combined with the common practice of Czech politicians to hold various mandates at different levels of the political system at the same time, this could be a significant risk factor.
The impact of sea ice regime on meiobenthic structure and function north of Svalbard
Authors: Grzelak Katarzyna , Kędra Monika , Gregorczyk Klaudia , Morata Nathalie , Blazewicz Magdalena 
Published: March 2018

Eight stations located in the seasonal sea ice zone north of Svalbard were investigated during ‘TRANSSIZ’ cruise within Arctic in Rapid Transition initiative. Nematodes were used as a key group within the meiofauna. Our study provides previously unavailable data on nematode diversity for this Arctic region during ecologically important spring to summer transition time. Phytoplankton bloom development is crucial for the Arctic marine ecosystems functioning, yet data from this time of year, particularly for the deep-sea basins north of Svalbard are still scarce. The obtained results suggest that nematode community differences are attributed to prevailing environmental conditions, ice-edge related bloom-phase. Three distinct nematode assemblages were observed and were related to bloom stage. Nematodes standing stock and diversity was the lowest at stations where pre-bloom phase occurred. Community was dominated by opportunistic genera belonging to Monhysteridae and by Acantholaimus. Conditions at stations with already developed bloom promoted enhanced abundance and biomass of nematodes and almost two time higher number of nematode genera in comparison to pre-bloom stations. Communities at those stations were characterized by genera of Desmoscolecidae family. Stations with early-bloom conditions appeared as transitional, with conditions in which relatively high number of genera with different life strategy can co-exist.
The study was completed thanks to funding provided by the National Science Centre, Poland (grant no. 2016/20/S/NZ8/00432 and 2015/19/B/NZ8/03945). Presented material was collected during R/V Polarstern TRANSSIZ cruise (ARK XXIX/1; PS92), carried out under grant number AWI_PS92_00 and organized by Arctic in Rapid Transition (ART).
True Volumes of Slope Failure Estimated From a Quaternary Mass‐Transport Deposit in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Sun Qiliang , Alves Tiago M. , Lu Xiangyang , Chen Chuanxu , Xie Xinong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSubmarine slope failure can mobilize large amounts of seafloor sediment, as shown in varied offshore locations around the world. Submarine landslide volumes are usually estimated by mapping their tops and bases on seismic data. However, two essential components of the total volume of failed sediments are overlooked in most estimates: (a) the volume of subseismic turbidites generated during slope failure and (b) the volume of shear compaction occurring during the emplacement of failed sediment. In this study, the true volume of a large submarine landslide in the northern South China Sea is estimated using seismic, multibeam bathymetry and Ocean Drilling Program/Integrated Ocean Drilling Program well data. The submarine landslide was evacuated on the continental slope and deposited in an ocean basin connected to the slope through a narrow moat. This particular character of the sea floor provides an opportunity to estimate the amount of strata remobilized by slope instability. The imaged volume of the studied landslide is ~1035 ± 64 km3, ~406 ± 28 km3 on the slope and ~629 ± 36 km3 in the ocean basin. The volume of subseismic turbidites is ~86 km3 (median value), and the volume of shear compaction is ~100 km3, which are ~8.6% and ~9.7% of the landslide volume imaged on seismic data, respectively. This study highlights that the original volume of the failed sediments is significantly larger than that estimated using seismic and bathymetric data. Volume loss related to the generation of landslide‐related turbidites and shear compaction must be considered when estimating the total volume of failed strata in the submarine realm.
Increasingly Important Role of Atmospheric Aridity on Tibetan Alpine Grasslands
Authors: Ding Jinzhi , Yang Tao , Zhao Yutong , Liu Dan , Wang Xiaoyi , Yao Yitong , Peng Shushi , Wang Tao , Piao Shilong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPronounced warming occurring on the Tibetan Plateau is expected to stimulate alpine grassland growth but could also increase atmospheric aridity that limits photosynthesis. But there lacks a systematic assessment of the impact of atmospheric aridity on alpine grassland productivity. Here we combine satellite observations, flux‐tower‐based productivity, and model simulations to quantify the effect of atmospheric aridity on grassland productivity and its temporal change between 1982 and 2011. We found a negative impact of atmospheric vapor pressure deficit on grassland productivity. This negative effect becomes increasingly intensified in terms of the impact severity and extent, suggesting an increasingly important role of atmospheric aridity on productivity. We further demonstrated that this negative effect is mitigated but cannot be overcompensated by the positive effect of rising CO2. Given that vapor pressure deficit is projected to further increase by ~10–38% in the future, Tibetan alpine grasslands will face an increasing stress of atmospheric drought.