bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential profiles of adverse events associated with mycophenolate mofetil between adult and pediatric renal transplant patients
Authors: Hosohata Keiko , Matsuoka Etsuko , Inada Ayaka , Oyama Saki , Niinomi Iku , Mori Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Yuki , Uchida Mayako , Iwanaga Kazunori 
Published: July 2018

Objective Immunosuppressive regimens after renal transplantation usually include a combination of calcineurin inhibitors, corticosteroids, and a proliferation inhibitor, either azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), to prevent rejection and maintain graft function. MMF has a stronger immunosuppressive effect than does azathioprine. This study aimed to examine MMF-associated adverse events in renal transplant patients. Methods Retrospective pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis was conducted using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. Results A total of 11,594 adverse drug events were reported in renal transplant patients; 10,272 (88.6%) involved adults and 1322 (11.4%) involved children. In adult patients, the most frequent adverse events induced by MMF were cytomegalovirus infection (272 reports), urinary tract infection (69 reports), and polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (61 reports). Among adverse events, the highest reporting odds ratio (ROR) was found for cytomegalovirus infection (ROR, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.36–1.83). In pediatric patients, the rank order for MMF-associated adverse events was cytomegalovirus infection (27 reports), bronchitis (23 reports), and cytomegalovirus viremia (19 reports), but these adverse events were not detected as a signal. Conclusion Our results show the safety profile of MMF in pediatric renal transplant patients. These findings can be used to update information used for prescriptions for pediatric patients.
The prevalence of cross-reactivity of cephalosporin in penicillin-allergic patients: A cross-sectional study in Thailand
Authors: Aiyaka Panadda , Techakehakij Win 
Published: July 2018

Background: Cross-reactivity between penicillin and cephalosporin is of crucial concern among patients who have had a previous allergic reaction to penicillin, and cephalosporin is the first choice for their diseases. There is very little evidence concerning the prevalence of cross-reactivity in the Asian population. Objectives: This study aims to explore the cross-reactivity between penicillin and cephalosporin in the Asian population. Methods: This study included patients who were registered at Lampang Hospital from January 2011 to January 2018. Only patients who were prescribed penicillins and cephalosporins at least once as recorded in the electronic medical records (EMR), were included. Patients having penicillin and cephalosporin allergies were defined as those who were diagnosed in the EMR as allergic to drugs in the penicillin/ cephalosporin groups, in either the probable or definite categories with respect to the Naranjo’s algorithm. Cross-reactivity is defined as patients who were diagnosed as being allergic to both penicillin and cephalosporin. Data about characteristics and types of allergic reactions (type I & IV) were obtained from the EMR. Results: A total of 13,959 patients were included in the study. Of these, 99 penicillin-allergic and 13,860 non-penicillin-allergic patients were identified. The prevalence of cross-reactivity among patients with a history of penicillin allergy was 8.1%. Results showed high cross-reactivity rates among patients with type 1 (16.7%) and type 4 (13.3%) hypersensitivity, in relation to other allergic manifestations (3.4%). Conclusions: This study raises the possibility that cross-reactivity reported in previous research may differ from that in the Asian population. More Asian-based studies are needed to evaluate this cross-reaction so that this information can further assist medical professionals in clinical decision-making.
The effect of a foot care camp on diabetic foot care knowledge and the behaviours of individuals with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hadi Sulistyo Angger Anugerah , Sae Sia Wipa , Maneewat Khomapak 
Published: July 2018

Aim The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a foot care (FC) camp to enhance diabetic foot care knowledge (DFCK) and diabetic foot care behaviours (DFCB) among diabetic participants in Indonesia. Methods A two-group pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design was used in this study. A total of 72 participants completed a 5-week programme. The participants’ DFCK and DFCB were examined in the fifth week using the Modified Diabetic Foot Care Knowledge (MDFCK) and the Modified Diabetic Foot Care Behaviours (MDFCB) questionnaires. Data were analysed by descriptive and independent t-tests. Results The mean score of DFCK (DFCK and DFCB in this study represent the score of knowledge and behaviors which gathered from MDFCK and MDFCB's questionnaires) in the experimental group after completing the FC camp was significantly better than that in the control group ( p < .001). Similarly, the mean score of DFCB in the experimental group after completing the FC camp was significantly better than that in the control group ( p < .001). Conclusions The FC camp was found to enhance DFCK and DFCB among diabetic patients. Therefore, this programme can be utilised for nursing practice in order to prevent diabetic foot ulcers and foot amputation.
Control Limitations in Models of T1DM and the Robustness of Optimal Insulin Delivery
Authors: Townsend Christopher , Seron Maria M. , Goodwin Graham C. , King Bruce R. 
Published: July 2018

Background: In insulin therapy, the blood glucose level is constrained from below by the hypoglycemic threshold, that is, the blood glucose level must remain above this threshold. It has been shown that this constraint fundamentally limits the ability to lower the maxima of the blood glucose level predicted by many mathematical models of glucose metabolism. However, it is desirable to minimize hyperglycemia as well. Hence, a desirable insulin input is one that minimizes the maximum glucose concentration while causing it to remain above the hypoglycemic, or higher, threshold. It has been shown that this input, which we call optimal, is characterized by glucose profiles for which either each maximum of the glucose concentration is followed by a minimum or each minimum is followed by a maximum. Methods: We discuss the implication of this inherent control limitation for clinical practice and test, through simulation, the robustness of the optimal input to a number of different model and parameter uncertainties. We further develop guidelines on how to design an optimal insulin input that is robust to such uncertainties. Results: The optimal input is in general not robust to uncertainties. However, a number of strategies may be used to ensure the blood glucose level remains above the hypoglycemic threshold and the maximum blood glucose level achieved is less than that achieved by standard therapy. Conclusions: An understanding of the limitations on the controllability of the blood glucose level is important for future treatment improvements and the development of artificial pancreas systems.
Longitudinal Follow-Up of Choroidal Thickness in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion With and Without Cystoid Macular Edema
Authors: Thompson Atalie C. , Thomas Akshay S. , Rothman Adam L. , Berry Duncan , Fekrat Sharon 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: To investigate the longitudinal relationship between subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Methods: Retrospective cohort of 104 subjects with enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography for unilateral CRVO. Mean CT and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared in eyes with and without CRVO and in eyes with CRVO with and without cystoid macular edema (CME). Results: CT was thicker in eyes with CRVO-related CME than uninvolved contralateral eyes at baseline (263.9 ± 86.9 versus 230.2 ± 87.9 µm; P < .001) and final follow-up (261.1 ± 94.7 versus 222.3 ± 86.2 µm; P = .007). CRVO eyes treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor with or without steroid therapy showed a significant reduction in CT at final follow-up (256.3 ± 90.7 versus 236.9 ± 85.9 µm; P = .004). Subjects with CRVO who were not treated with intravitreal injections also showed a significant but more modest decline in CT over time (234.4 ± 94.2 versus 221.5 ± 97.1 µm; N = 31; P = .02). However, contralateral uninvolved eyes without CRVO did not show a significant change in CT over time (233.3 ± 87.9 versus 219.5 ± 90.6 µm; N = 71; P = .40). Persistent CME at final follow-up was associated with thicker baseline (277.6 ± 96.4 versus 235.1 ± 86.5 µm; P = .02) and final CT (265.7 ± 93.4 versus 215.0 ± 82.1 µm; P = .005). Change in CT was not related to change in BCVA ( P > .05). Conclusions: CT was greater in eyes with CRVO-related CME compared to eyes with CRVO but no CME and compared to uninvolved contralateral eyes. CT decreased in eyes with CRVO over time both among eyes that received intravitreal injections and among eyes that did not receive injections. CT may be a prognosticator of treatment response in CRVO-related CME.
Genetic and epigenetic evolution as a contributor to WT1-mutant leukemogenesis
Authors: Pronier Elodie , Bowman Robert L. , Ahn Jihae , Glass Jacob , Kandoth Cyriac , Merlinsky Tiffany R. , Whitfield Justin T. , Durham Benjamin H. , Gruet Antoine , Hanasoge Somasundara Amritha Varshini , Rampal Raajit , Melnick Ari , Koche Richard P. , Taylor Barry S. , Levine Ross L. 
Published: July 2018

Key Points
Wt1 heterozygous loss enhanced stem cell self-renewal in an age-dependent manner. Wt1-haploinsufficient leukemias require additional events to promote hematopoietic transformation.
Altered Fc galactosylation in IgG4is a potential serum marker for chronic lung disease
Authors: Heyder Tina , Wiklundh Emil , Eklund Anders , James Anna , Dahlén Sven-Erik , Grunewald Johan , Zubarev Roman A. , Lundström Susanna L. 
Published: July 2018

Characterising chronic lung diseases is challenging. New, less invasive diagnostics are needed to decipher disease pathologies and subphenotypes. Fc galactosylation is known to affect IgG function, and is altered in autoimmune disorders and under other pathological conditions. We tested how well Fc glycans in IgG from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum correlated, and if the Fc glycan profile could reveal pulmonary inflammation.A shotgun proteomics approach was used to profile Fc glycans in serum and BALF of controls (n=12) and sarcoidosis phenotypes (Löfgren's syndrome (LS), n=11; and non-LS, n=12). Results were further validated in severe asthma (SA) (n=20) and published rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient data (n=13) including clinical information.Intra-individually, Fc-galactosylation status of IgG1(R2=0.87) and IgG4(R2=0.95) correlated well between matrixes. Following GlycoAge-index correction, the ratio between agalactosylated and digalactosylated Fc glycans of IgG4could distinguish sarcoidosis and SA from healthy and RA subjects with a mean±searea under the curve (AUC) of 78±6%. The AUC increased to 83±6% using the more chronic lung disease types (non-LS and SA) and most strikingly, to 87±6% for the SA subgroup.The results indicate that the Fc galactosylation status of IgG4is a potential blood test marker for chronic lung inflammation.
Implementing an infection control and prevention program decreases the incidence of healthcare-associated infections and antibiotic resistance in a Russian neuro-ICU
Authors: Ershova Ksenia , Savin Ivan , Kurdyumova Nataliya , Wong Darren , Danilov Gleb , Shifrin Michael , Alexandrova Irina , Sokolova Ekaterina , Fursova Nadezhda , Zelman Vladimir , Ershova Olga 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background
The impact of infection prevention and control (IPC) programs in limited resource countries such as Russia are largely unknown due to a lack of reliable data. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of an IPC program with respect to healthcare associated infection (HAI) prevention and to define the incidence of HAIs in a Russian ICU.

Methods
A pioneering IPC program was implemented in a neuro-ICU at Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute in 2010 and included hand hygiene, surveillance, contact precautions, patient isolation, and environmental cleaning measures. This prospective observational cohort study lasted from 2011 to 2016, included high-risk ICU patients, and evaluated the dynamics of incidence, etiological spectrum, and resistance profile of four types of HAIs, including subgroup analysis of device-associated infections. Survival analysis compared patients with and without HAIs.

Results
We included 2038 high-risk patients. By 2016, HAI cumulative incidence decreased significantly for respiratory HAIs (36.1% vs. 24.5%, p-value = 0.0003), urinary-tract HAIs (29.1% vs. 21.3%, p-value = 0.0006), and healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis (HAVM) (16% vs. 7.8%, p-value = 0.004). The incidence rate of EVD-related HAVM dropped from 22.2 to 13.5 cases per 1000 EVD-days. The proportion of invasive isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to carbapenems decreased 1.7 and 2 fold, respectively. HAVM significantly impaired survival and independently increasing the probability of death by 1.43.

Conclusions
The implementation of an evidence-based IPC program in a middle-income country (Russia) was highly effective in HAI prevention with meaningful reductions in antibiotic resistance.
Non-prescribed sale of antibiotics for acute childhood diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection in community pharmacies: a 2 phase mixed-methods study
Authors: Erku Daniel Asfaw , Aberra Sisay Yifru 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough prohibited by law and legal regulatory frameworks, non-prescribed sale of antibiotics in community medicine retail outlets (CMROs) remains a serious problem in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to document the extent of and motivations behind non-prescribed sale of antibiotics among CMROs in Gondar town, Ethiopia.MethodsA 2 phase mixed-methods study (a simulated patient visit followed by an in-depth interview) was conducted among CMROs in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Two clinical case scenarios (acute childhood diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection) were presented and the practice of non-prescribed sale were measured and results were reported as percentages. Pharmacy staff (pharmacists and pharmacy assistants) were interviewed to examine factors/motivations behind dispensing antibiotics without a valid prescription.ResultsOut of 100 simulated visits (50 each scenarios) presented to drug retail outlets, 86 cases (86%) were provided with one or more medications. Of these, 18 (20.9%) asked about past medical and medication history and only 7 (8.1%) enquired about the patient’s history of drug allergy. The most frequently dispensed medication for acute childhood diarrhoea simulation were oral rehydration fluid (ORS) with zinc (n = 16) and Metronidazole (n = 15). Among the dispensed antibiotics for upper respiratory infection simulation, the most common was Amoxicillin (n = 23) followed by Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid capsule (n = 19) and Azithromycin (n = 15). Perceived financial benefit, high expectation and/or demand of customers and competition among pharmacies were cited as the main drivers behind selling antibiotics without a prescription.ConclusionsA stringent law and policy enforcement regarding the sale of antibiotics without a valid prescription should be in place. This will ultimately help to shift the current pharmacy practices from commercial and business-based interests/practices to the provision of primary healthcare services to the community.
Biobank integration of large‐scale clinical and histopathology melanoma studies within the European Cancer Moonshot Lund Center
Authors: Malm Johan , Sugihara Yutaka , Szasz Marcell , Kwon Ho Jeong , Lindberg Henrik , Appelqvist Roger , Marko‐Varga György 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present the Cancer Moonshot clinical project located at the European center in Lund. Here, tissue and blood samples have been collected and stored in a large‐scale biobank. Multiple clinical centers around the world are participating and tissue and blood samples are sent to the European Cancer Moonshot Lund Center that acts as the clinical hub. Our center has been developed to generate and build large‐scale biostorage archives of patient melanoma samples, which is then combined with a histopathological capability to characterize the patient tumours. Such a large‐scale clinical sample processing initiative has begun with the aim of creating high‐end histopathology indexing with database computational power and including proteogenomic analysis. The biobank at Lund has become an important resource in clinical research worldwide. Following suite, several national health programs are being initiated with the aim of also building large‐scale biobank storages with a wealth of high‐quality patient samples. In our Cancer Moonshot R&D activities, samples in the biobanks and the data derived from these samples are being used to build an understanding of disease presentation and using this information to move towards ‘Big Data’ proteogenomic and mass spectrometry imaging studies. Additionally, we report here a sample processing workflow that has been adapted to a fully‐automated biobank processing strategy for large‐scale studies.
Directional characteristics evaluation of silhouette-based gait recognition
Authors: Shigeki Yui , Okura Fumio , Mitsugami Ikuhisa , Hayashi Kenichi , Yagi Yasushi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Gait is an important biometric trait for identifying individuals. The use of inputs from multiple or moving cameras offers a promising extension of gait recognition methods. Personal authentication systems at building entrances, for example, can utilize multiple cameras installed at appropriate positions to increase their authentication accuracy. In such cases, it is important to identify effective camera positions to maximize gait recognition performance, but it is not yet clear how different viewpoints affect recognition performance. This study determines the relationship between viewpoint and gait recognition performance to construct standards for selecting an appropriate view for gait recognition using multiple or moving cameras. We evaluate the gait features generated from 3D pedestrian shapes to visualize the directional characteristics of recognition performance.
An multi-scale learning network with depthwise separable convolutions
Authors: Wang Gaihua , Yuan Guoliang , Li Tao , Lv Meng 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present a simple multi-scale learning network for image classification that is inspired by the MobileNet. The proposed method has two advantages: (1) It uses the multi-scale block with depthwise separable convolutions, which forms multiple sub-networks by increasing the width of the network while keeping the computational resources constant. (2) It combines the multi-scale block with residual connections and that accelerates the training of networks significantly. The experimental results show that the proposed method has strong performance compared to other popular models on different datasets.
Inversion of Odd-Even Effect Observed in the Crystal Structure of ω-Cyclohexylalkylammonium-[Ni(dmit)2]− Salts
Authors: Kakihara Shunta , Saeki Masahiro , Ichimura Shuhei , Tamaki Yoshinori , Miyamura Kazuo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A previously reported odd-even effect is found to invert by substituting a phenyl with a cyclohexyl group. Crystal structures of [Ni(dmit)2]− complex salts of ω-cyclohexylalkyltrimethylammonium (CncHx; n = 1–5) are revealed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Alternant stacks are found in all complex salts, but some differences are found in each crystal structure. Terminal cyclohexyl groups adopt chair conformation in the series, and alkylene chains adopt all-trans conformation. Ion pairs found in these crystals are classified by the angle between cations and anions. In these series, odd-even effect is observed in cation length, anion length, Ni-Ni distance and the angle of cation and anion. These are different from the case of terminal methyl and phenyl groups previously reported, indicating that odd-even effect depends on the terminal substituent.
DESAFIOS DO SINDICALISMO NA SOCIEDADE GLOBALIZADA
Authors: Renk Janaina Eloise , Olsson Giovanni 
Published: July 2018

Este estudo objetiva a compreensão dos desafios da atuação dos sindicatos na sociedade contemporânea na era da globalização. O trabalho analisa o fenômeno da globalização e seus impactos no mundo do trabalho, com as profundas transformações do capitalismo avançado em toda a sociedade internacional. Em todo o mundo, as formas de organização da produção e do trabalho mudaram profundamente, criando uma realidade até então inédita. Além disso, o estudo investiga a representação dos sindicatos e os instrumentos coletivos utilizados por eles no direito brasileiro. O Brasil possui um modelo sindical que não admite a pluralidade sindical e permanece inalterado ao longo dos últimos mais de 70 anos, em descompasso com as grandes alterações econômicas e sociais do início do século XXI. O trabalho, por fim, também analisa as tendências do protagonismo dos sindicatos na atual sociedade globalizada. Os sindicatos constituem importantes atores na afirmação de direitos políticos, sociais e econômicos das categorias que eles representam. A principal conclusão do estudo é de que a maior efetividade da atuação dos sindicatos na sociedade globalizada envolve a construção de um novo paradigma, fundado em democracia, pluralidade e liberdade sindical, reconhecidos como direitos universais pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho.
DA RESPONSABILIDADE POLÍTICA E JURÍDICA DO PODER EXECUTIVO – CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA NO ORDENAMENTO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Kertesz Renault Pinto Julia 
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo trata da responsabilidade política e jurídica do (s) membro (s) do Poder Executivo. O objetivo principal é delimitar as distinções entre esses dois tipos de responsabilidade, que tanto têm sido confundidas no âmbito jurídico. De modo a esclarecer e averiguar essa delimitação, trataremos de analisar o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Conclui-se pela autonomia da responsabilidade política frente à responsabilidade jurídica como manutenção de suas respectivas operabilidades.
The effectiveness of an online module for midwives conducting antenatal pertussis vaccinations
Authors: Nicholl Sonya , Seale Holly , Campbell-Lloyd Sue 
Published: July 2018

Background An online education programme was developed to support midwives and maternity staff to implement the New South Wales antenatal pertussis vaccination programme from March 2015. Aims To determine if an educational programme met the needs of midwives and maternity staff to conduct an immunisation appointment confidently with a pregnant woman. Methods Pre- and post-surveys were conducted with learners completing the programme. Findings Before completing the programme, 57% of respondents reported feeling ‘confident’ or ‘very confident’ in conducting a vaccination encounter with a pregnant woman. This increased to 94.1% after completion of the programme. Conclusion The education programme met the needs of midwives and maternity staff in New South Wales. An informed and confident maternity workforce will increase vaccine uptake in pregnant women and ensure that pertussis vaccination is incorporated consistently into routine antenatal care, to protect vulnerable infants from life-threatening diseases such as pertussis and influenza.