bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and fragmentation of a high line-mass filament: Nessie
Authors: Mattern M. , Kainulainen J. , Zhang M. , Beuther H. 
Published: April 2018

Context. An increasing number of hundred-parsec-scale, high line-mass filaments are being detected in the Galaxy. Their evolutionary path, including fragmentation towards star formation, is virtually unknown.
Aims. We characterize the fragmentation within the hundred-parsec-scale, high line-mass Nessie filament, covering size-scales in the range ~0.1–100 pc. We also connect the small-scale fragments to the star-forming potential of the cloud.
Methods. We combine near-infrared data from the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey with mid-infrared Spitzer/GLIMPSE data to derive a high-resolution dust extinction map for Nessie. We then apply a wavelet decomposition technique on the map to analyze the fragmentation characteristics of the cloud. The characteristics are then compared with predictions from gravitational fragmentation models. We compare the detected objects to those identified at a resolution approximately ten times lower from ATLASGAL 870 μm dust emission data.
Results. We present a high-resolution extinction map of Nessie (2″ full-width-half-max, FWHM, corresponding to 0.03 pc). We estimate the mean line mass of Nessie to be ~627 M⊙ pc−1 and the distance to be ~3.5 kpc. We find that Nessie shows fragmentation at multiple size scales. The median nearest-neighbor separations of the fragments at all scales are within a factor of two of the Jeans’ length at that scale. However, the relationship between the mean densities of the fragments and their separations is significantly shallower than expected for Jeans’ fragmentation. The relationship is similar to the one predicted for a filament that exhibits a Larson-like scaling between size-scale and velocity dispersion; such a scaling may result from turbulent support. Based on the number of young stellar objects (YSOs) in the cloud, we estimate that the star formation rate (SFR) of Nessie is ~371 M⊙ Myr−1; similar values result if using the number of dense cores, or the amount of dense gas, as the proxy of star formation. The star formation efficiency is 0.017. These numbers indicate that by its star-forming content, Nessie is comparable to the Solar neighborhood giant molecular clouds like Orion A.
Saliva versus Plasma Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Pregabalin in Jordanian Patients
Authors: Idkaidek Nasir , Hamadi Salim , El-Assi Manal , Al-Shalalfeh Ahmad , Al-Ghazawi Ahmad 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe objective is using saliva instead of plasma for pregabalin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) since saliva reflects the free non–protein bound drug concentration, simple and noninvasive sampling, cheaper and does not require the expertise of drawing blood. Forty four patients participated in this study, two samples of saliva and another two of blood were taken from each patient; first sample of both saliva and blood is the trough sample and was taken just before the first dose of the day and second sample is the peak sample and was taken 1 h after taking the first dose of the day. Descriptive statistics and t-testing after log transformation were done using Excel, p-value=0.05 was adopted for significant difference. Optimized effective intestinal permeability of pregabalin was estimated by PK-Sim program version 7. This study for the first time revealed that pregabalin is excreted in saliva and classified as class 1 based on Salivary Excretion Classification System (SECS). A good correlation of 0.71-0.83 between Cmin and Cmax of plasma and saliva pregabalin was observed respectively which indicate that saliva sampling is a good alternative matrix for pregabalin TDM. C/D-ratios were calculated to demonstrate pharmacokinetic variability of Pregabalin; the results showed that C/D-ratio was higher in women, elderly and in those patients who had Scr.≥0.9 mg/dl. Proposed pregabalin therapeutic ranges are 0.7 to 1.84 µg/ml in plasma and 0.055 to 0.145 µg/ml in saliva, for neuropathic pain, diabetic neuropathy and disc prolapse patients.
Socially mediated populism: the communicative strategies of political leaders on Facebook
Authors: Mazzoleni Gianpietro , Bracciale Roberta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPopulism has been defined in many different ways, mostly in regard to political ideology and political dynamics, but only in recent years in relation to communication variables. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the identification of a socially mediated type of populist communication profoundly affected by the specific nature of social media. It presents and discusses empirical evidence on Italy’s populist and non-populist leaders that use Facebook regularly, and highlights the extent of the overflow of populist communication patterns and ideological features into mainstream political communication. Populist ideology fragments emerged in Italian leaders’ Facebook posts, thus leading to two main conclusions: first, populism appears to be ‘endemic’ in the Italian online facebooksphere; second, political actors—even non-populist ones—do not disdain the adoption of typical populist rhetorics.
Glassy dynamics of landscape evolution
Authors: Ferdowsi Behrooz , Ortiz Carlos P. , Jerolmack Douglas J. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Soil is apparently solid as it moves downhill at glacial speeds, but can also liquefy from rain or earthquakes. This behavior is actually similar to that of glass, which creeps very slowly at low temperatures but becomes a liquid at higher temperatures. We develop a discrete granular-physics hillslope model, which shows that the similarities between soil and glass are more than skin deep. Despite the geologic and climatic complexity of natural environments, the shapes and erosion rates of hillsides over geologic timescales appear to be governed by generic dynamics characteristic of disordered and amorphous materials.
Interaction between cardiac myosin-binding protein C and formin Fhod3
Authors: Matsuyama Sho , Kage Yohko , Fujimoto Noriko , Ushijima Tomoki , Tsuruda Toshihiro , Kitamura Kazuo , Shiose Akira , Asada Yujiro , Sumimoto Hideki , Takeya Ryu 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceThe actin cytoskeleton in living cells is not static but undergoes dynamic reorganization. Actin-containing thin filaments in cardiac sarcomeres are no exception; they exhibit exchange of actin subunits at the ends within actively contracting cardiomyocytes. Fhod3, an actin organizer in cardiac sarcomeres, is implicated in regulation of actin assembly in cardiomyocytes, although the mechanism is largely unknown. We discovered a direct molecular link between Fhod3 and cMyBP-C, a thick myosin filament-associated protein that modulates myocardial contraction via cross-bridge arrangement. Because Fhod3 adversely affected cardiac function in the absence of cMyBP-C, the interaction may serve to control the Fhod3-mediated actin reorganization at the cross-bridge region. Our results provide insight into actin reorganization in cardiac sarcomeres with implications for cardiac function.
Reduction in adaptor amounts establishes degradation hierarchy among protease substrates
Authors: Yeom Jinki , Gao Xiaohui , Groisman Eduardo A. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
A given protease typically degrades multiple substrates that serve different functions and may be required in variable amounts under specific cellular conditions. Some substrates require adaptor proteins to be delivered to the protease. We find that changes in the abundance of an adaptor can lead to differential degradation of substrates that have different affinities for the adaptor. Thus, adaptor amounts can have a broad impact, as illustrated by the increase in antibiotic persister bacteria when the abundance of the ClpS adaptor is decreased. Specific growth conditions decrease ClpS abundance decreasing proteolysis of a subset of ClpSAP substrates.
MYB72-dependent coumarin exudation shapes root microbiome assembly to promote plant health
Authors: Stringlis Ioannis A. , Yu Ke , Feussner Kirstin , de Jonge Ronnie , Van Bentum Sietske , Van Verk Marcel C. , Berendsen Roeland L. , Bakker Peter A. H. M. , Feussner Ivo , Pieterse Corné M. J. 
Published: April 2018

SignificancePlant roots nurture a large diversity of soil microbes via exudation of chemical compounds into the rhizosphere. In turn, beneficial root microbiota promote plant growth and immunity. The root-specific transcription factor MYB72 has emerged as a central regulator in this process. Here, we show that MYB72 regulates the excretion of the coumarin scopoletin, an iron-mobilizing phenolic compound with selective antimicrobial activity that shapes the root-associated microbial community. Selected soil-borne fungal pathogens appeared to be highly sensitive to the antimicrobial activity of scopoletin, while twoMYB72-inducing beneficial rhizobacteria were tolerant. Our results suggest that probiotic root-associated microbes that activate the iron-deficiency response during colonization stimulate MYB72-dependent excretion of scopoletin, thereby potentially improving their niche establishment and enhancing plant growth and protection.
Coupling MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry protein and specialized metabolite analyses to rapidly discriminate bacterial function
Authors: Clark Chase M. , Costa Maria S. , Sanchez Laura M. , Murphy Brian T. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Mass spectrometry is a powerful technique that has been used to identify bacteria by their protein content and to assess bacterial functional traits through analysis of their specialized metabolites. However, until now these analyses have operated independently, which has resulted in the inability to rapidly connect bacterial phylogenetic identity with potential environmental function. To bridge this gap, we designed a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry data acquisition and bioinformatics pipeline (IDBac) to integrate data from both intact protein and specialized metabolite spectra directly from bacterial cells grown on agar. This technique organizes bacteria into highly similar phylogenetic groups and allows for comparison of metabolic differences of hundreds of isolates in just a few hours.
Complementary charge-based interaction between the ribosomal-stalk protein L7/12 and IF2 is the key to rapid subunit association
Authors: Ge Xueliang , Mandava Chandra Sekhar , Lind Christoffer , Åqvist Johan , Sanyal Suparna 
Published: April 2018

Significance
The main constituent of the ribosomal stalk is L12, a multicopy protein of the ribosomal 50S subunit that interacts with the translational GTPases in different stages of translation. Using mutagenesis, fast kinetics, and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that charge complementarity between a conserved region on the C-terminal domain of L12 and a conserved region on the G domain of initiation factor 2 (IF2) forms the basis of L12–IF2 interaction, which is crucial for fast association of the ribosomal subunits. Our analysis also suggests that L12 possibly interacts with other G factors by a similar mechanism. This study provides significant mechanistic insights into the interaction of L12 and the translational GTPases at the molecular level.
Educating Australian musicians: are we playing it safe?
Authors: Wijsman Suzanne , Ackermann Bronwen J 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe effectiveness of health promotion through arts engagement, and the health benefits and social importance of music in particular, are becoming increasingly recognized. However, like sport, music-making is an athletic endeavour, one that often involves high physiological and psychological loadings on the bodies and minds of musicians. Research over the past 30 years has revealed alarming rates of injury among musicians, and has identified health risk factors associated with music performance faced by professional and student musicians. Australia lacks consistent provision of essential health education for musicians, and research shows an unacceptably high prevalence of performance-related health problems among musicians of all ages. This article advocates for effective health promotion to be embraced in the policies and practices of Australian music performance organizations and educational bodies. It argues that a cultural shift is required, recognizing that a settings-based approach to health literacy is as fundamentally important for musicians as it is for any other occupation or athletic activity. Embedding health education into the delivery of music education will not only help to prevent injury over the lifespan of Australian musicians, it will support and sustain their capacity to contribute towards societal wellbeing and public health outcomes.
Why Am I Seeing This Ad? The Effect of Ad Transparency on Ad Effectiveness
Authors: Kim Tami , Barasz Kate , John Leslie K 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Given the increasingly specific ways marketers can target ads, consumers and regulators are demanding ad transparency: disclosure of how consumers’ personal information was used to generate ads. We investigate how and why ad transparency impacts ad effectiveness. Drawing on literature about offline norms of information sharing, we posit that ad transparency backfires when it exposes marketing practices that violate norms about “information flows”—consumers’ beliefs about how their information should move between parties. Study 1 inductively shows that consumers deem information flows acceptable (or not) based on whether their personal information was: 1) obtained within versus outside of the website on which the ad appears, and 2) stated by the consumer versus inferred by the firm (the latter of each pair being less acceptable). Studies 2 and 3 show that revealing unacceptable information flows reduces ad effectiveness, which is driven by increasing consumers’ relative concern for their privacy over desire for the personalization that such targeting affords. Study 4 shows the moderating role of platform trust: when consumers trust a platform, revealing acceptable information flows increases ad effectiveness. Studies 5a and 5b, conducted in the field with a loyalty program website (i.e., a trusted platform), demonstrate this benefit of transparency.
Lumboperitoneal Shunts for the Treatment of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Comparison of Small-Lumen Abdominal Catheters to Gravitational Add-On Valves in a Single Center
Authors: Nakajima Madoka , Miyajima Masakazu , Akiba Chihiro , Ogino Ikuko , Kawamura Kaito , Sugano Hidenori , Hara Takeshi , Tange Yuichi , Fusegi Keiko , Karagiozov Kostadin , Arai Hajime 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Treating idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) with lumboperitoneal shunts (LPSs) may cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overdrainage.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether LPSs, including gravitational “add-on” and programmable pressure valves (PPVs/+GVs), reduce complications and improve outcomes.

METHODS
We compared PPVs/+small lumen abdominal catheters (SLs) to PPVs/+GVs using different opening pressures for supine and standing positions. We analyzed 115 patients with iNPH in 2 consequent cohorts: 48 patients receiving LPSs with PPVs/+SLs and 67 patients receiving LPSs with PPVs/+GVs. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Japan iNPH grading scale, Mini Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, and CSF biomarkers were evaluated.

RESULTS
Comparisons of postoperative clinical factors in 64 patients in the PPV/+SL and PPV/+GV groups using 1:1 propensity score matching revealed differences in the mean (±standard deviation) postoperative mRS (2.65 ± 1.07 vs 2.16 ± 1.02, P = .049) and gait disturbance scores (1.97 ± 1.03 vs 1.39 ± 0.92, P = .011). Thus, outcomes improved in the LPS group with the GV. Serious and nonserious adverse event rates for the PPV/+SL and PPV/+GV groups were 22.9% and 19.4% (P = .647) and 38% and 17.9% (P = .018), respectively, indicating higher rates of subdural collections for the PPV/+SL group.

CONCLUSION
This is the first study to examine LPS treatment for iNPH using a GV in tandem with a PPV. Our results suggest that the CSF shunt flow volume is restricted in the standing position and maintained in the supine position, thus improving iNPH symptoms. This may reduce intracranial CSF hypotension-related complications.
Further Mathematics, student choice and transition to university: part 1 - Mathematics degrees
Authors: Lyakhova Sofya , Neate Andrew 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The transition from studying mathematics at school to university is known to be challenging for students. Given the desire to increase participation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics subjects at degree level, it is important to ensure that the school mathematics curriculum is providing suitable preparation for the challenges ahead, and yet remains both accessible and popular. This two-part study investigates student choices of studying the post-16 A-level Mathematics and Further Mathematics qualifications in the UK and their impact on the transition from school to university mathematics. Student opinions were accessed via a survey of undergraduate students and also individual interviews. This first part of the study considers the responses of mathematics undergraduate students and finds that both those who studied Further Mathematics and those who did not perceive studying Further Mathematics as advantageous for their degree courses. However, the advantages identified mostly relate to the familiarity with topics, while students still feel unprepared for studying more abstract and proof-based mathematics. The study found that some factors which may be beneficial for transition currently lie outside the mainstream school mathematics syllabus and include studying through blended learning provided by the Further Mathematics Support Programme, practicing more advanced extension exam papers and attending university outreach events. The choice of Further Mathematics is found to be influenced by the attitudes of the students, their teachers and their parents, to both mathematics as a subject and to Further Mathematics as a qualification as well as student perceptions of Further Mathematics and their plans in terms of degree and university choice.
Communication Among Team Members Within the Patient-centered Medical Home and Patient Satisfaction With Providers
Authors: Stockdale Susan E. , Rose Danielle , Darling Jill E. , Meredith Lisa S. , Helfrich Christian D. , Dresselhaus Timothy R. , Roos Philip , Rubenstein Lisa V. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The Patient-centered Medical Home (PCMH) uses team-based care to improve patient outcomes, including satisfaction. The quality of patients’ communication with their primary care providers (PCPs) is a key determinant of patient satisfaction. A shift to team-based care could disrupt the therapeutic relationship between patients and their PCPs and reduce patient satisfaction if communication and coordination among primary care team members is poor. Little is known about the relationship between intrateam communication within a PCMH and patient satisfaction with PCPs, and whether patient-provider communication might mediate this relationship.

Objectives:
To examine the relationship between intrateam communication in a PCMH and patients’ satisfaction with assigned PCPs, and whether patient-provider communication mediates this relationship.

Research Design:
Cross-sectional surveys of Veterans Health Administration PCPs (2011–2012, n=149) matched with their assigned patients’ surveys (n=3329). Mediation analyses using a nested data structure, controlling for patient and provider characteristics.

Measures:
Patient satisfaction with PCPs, patient-reported patient-provider communication, and PCP-reported intrateam communication within the PCMH.

Results:
Intrateam communication and patient-provider communication were independently associated with patients’ satisfaction with their PCPs. Patient-provider communication mediated 56% of the association between intrateam communication and patient satisfaction. Better intrateam communication combined with better patient-provider communication predicted high satisfaction (81%), compared with poor intrateam communication and poor patient-provider communication (22%).

Conclusions:
PCMH environments with better communication among team members are likely to experience better patient-provider communication and high patient satisfaction. PCMH practices with low ratings of patient satisfaction may need to look beyond individual PCPs to communication within and across teams.
Interplay between long non-coding RNAs and epigenetic machinery: emerging targets in cancer?
Authors: Hanly David J. , Esteller Manel , Berdasco María 
Published: April 2018

Of the diverse array of putative molecular and biological functions assigned to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), one attractive perspective in epigenetic research has been the hypothesis that lncRNAs directly interact with the proteins involved in the modulation of chromatin conformation. Indeed, epigenetic modifiers are among the most frequent protein partners of lncRNAs that have been identified to date, of which histone methyltransferases and protein members of the Polycomb Repressive Complex PRC2 have received considerable attention. This review is focused on how lncRNAs interface with epigenetic factors to shape the outcomes of crucial biological processes such as regulation of gene transcription, modulation of nuclear architecture, X inactivation in females and pre-mRNA splicing. Because of our increasing knowledge of their role in development and cellular differentiation, more research is beginning to be done into the deregulation of lncRNAs in human disorders. Focusing on cancer, we describe some key examples of disease-focused lncRNA studies. This knowledge has significantly contributed to our ever-improving understanding of how lncRNAs interact with epigenetic factors of human disease, and has also provided a plethora of much-needed novel prognostic biomarker candidates or potential therapeutic targets. Finally, current limitations and perspectives on lncRNA research are discussed here.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology’.
Protein methyltransferase inhibitors as precision cancer therapeutics: a decade of discovery
Authors: Copeland Robert A. 
Published: April 2018

The protein methyltransferases (PMTs) represent a large class of enzymes that catalyse the methylation of side chain nitrogen atoms of the amino acids lysine or arginine at specific locations along the primary sequence of target proteins. These enzymes play a key role in the spatio-temporal control of gene transcription by performing site-specific methylation of lysine or arginine residues within the histone proteins of chromatin, thus effecting chromatin conformational changes that activate or repress gene transcription. Over the past decade, it has become clear that the dysregulated activity of some PMTs plays an oncogenic role in a number of human cancers. Here we review research of the past decade that has identified specific PMTs as oncogenic drivers of cancers and progress toward the discovery and development of selective, small molecule inhibitors of these enzymes as precision cancer therapeutics.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology’.