bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between sugammadex and anaphylaxis in pediatric patients: A nested case‐control study using a national inpatient database
Authors: Tadokoro Fumino , Morita Kojiro , Michihata Nobuaki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundSugammadex is used as a reversal drug during anesthesia. Although several case reports have described anaphylaxis following sugammadex infusion, little is known about the relationship between sugammadex and anaphylaxis, particularly in pediatric patients.AimsThe aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the association between sugammadex and in‐hospital anaphylaxis in pediatric patients who underwent general anesthesia.MethodsWe identified patients who underwent general anesthesia in a Japanese national inpatient database between July 2010 and March 2016. We conducted 1‐4 case‐control matching between patients with and without perioperative anaphylaxis. We calculated the adjusted odds ratio for sugammadex use and occurrence of anaphylaxis, using a conditional logistic regression analysis with adjustment for duration of anesthesia, antibiotics, and blood transfusions.ResultsAmong 835 405 patients who underwent general anesthesia, we identified 149 (0.018%) patients with anaphylactic shock and 472 (0.056%) with a combination of anaphylaxis associated signs/symptoms and skin lesions. Sugammadex use was not significantly associated with anaphylactic shock (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.53‐1.21; P = .29) or the combination of anaphylaxis associated signs/symptoms and skin lesions (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.97‐1.60; P = .08).ConclusionThe present study showed no significant association between sugammadex and perioperative anaphylaxis in pediatric patients who underwent general anesthesia.
Genetic architecture underlying the lignin biosynthesis pathway involves noncoding RNAs and transcription factors for growth and wood properties in Populus
Authors: Quan Mingyang , Du Qingzhang , Xiao Liang , Lu Wenjie , Wang Longxin , Xie Jianbo , Song Yuepeng , Xu Baohua , Zhang Deqiang 
Published: June 2018

SummaryLignin provides structural support in perennial woody plants and is a complex phenolic polymer derived from phenylpropanoid pathway. Lignin biosynthesis is regulated by coordinated networks involving transcription factors (TFs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, the genetic networks underlying the lignin biosynthesis pathway for tree growth and wood properties remain unknown. Here, we used association genetics (additive, dominant and epistasis) and expression quantitative trait nucleotide (eQTN) mapping to decipher the genetic networks for tree growth and wood properties in 435 unrelated individuals of Populus tomentosa. We detected 124 significant associations (P ≤ 6.89E‐05) for 10 growth and wood property traits using 30 265 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 203 lignin biosynthetic genes, 81 TF genes, 36 miRNA genes and 71 lncRNA loci, implying their common roles in wood formation. Epistasis analysis uncovered 745 significant pairwise interactions, which helped to construct proposed genetic networks of lignin biosynthesis pathway and found that these regulators might affect phenotypes by linking two lignin biosynthetic genes. eQTNs were used to interpret how causal genes contributed to phenotypes. Lastly, we investigated the possible functions of the genes encoding 4‐coumarate: CoA ligase and cinnamate‐4‐hydroxylase in wood traits using epistasis, eQTN mapping and enzymatic activity assays. Our study provides new insights into the lignin biosynthesis pathway in poplar and enables the novel genetic factors as biomarkers for facilitating genetic improvement of trees.
Influence of isopropylmalate synthase OsIPMS1 on seed vigour associated with amino acid and energy metabolism in rice
Authors: He Yongqi , Cheng Jinping , He Ying , Yang Bin , Cheng Yanhao , Yang Can , Zhang Hongsheng , Wang Zhoufei 
Published: June 2018

SummarySeed vigour is an imperative trait for the direct seeding of rice. Isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS) catalyses the committed step of leucine (Leu) biosynthesis, but its effect on seed vigour remains unclear. In this study, rice OsIPMS1 and OsIPMS2 was cloned, and the roles of OsIPMS1 in seed vigour were mainly investigated. OsIPMS1 and OsIPMS2 catalyse Leu biosynthesis, and Leu feedback inhibits their IPMS activities. Disruption of OsIPMS1 resulted in low seed vigour under various conditions, which might be tightly associated with the reduction of amino acids in germinating seeds. Eleven amino acids that associated with stress tolerance, GA biosynthesis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were significantly reduced in osipms1 mutants compared with those in wide type (WT) during seed germination. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a total of 1209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were altered in osipms1a mutant compared with WT at the early germination stage, wherein most of the genes were involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, protein processing, pyruvate, carbon, fructose and mannose metabolism. Further analysis confirmed that the regulation of OsIPMS1 in seed vigour involved in starch hydrolysis, glycolytic activity and energy levels in germinating seeds. The effects of seed priming were tightly associated with the mRNA levels of OsIPMS1 in priming seeds. The OsIPMS1 might be used as a biomarker to determine the best stop time‐point of seed priming in rice. This study provides novel insights into the function of OsIPMS1 on seed vigour and should have practical applications in seed priming of rice.
Development of a new graduate public health nurse residency program using the core competencies of public health nursing
Authors: Larsen Rachelle , Ashley Julia , Ellens Tess , Frauendienst Renee , Jorgensen‐Royce Karen , Zelenak Mary 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundDue to the continued shortage of public health nurses, some local public health agencies have begun hiring new graduate baccalaureate nurses into the public health nurse role. These new graduates require an increased level of support for transition to practice.AimsThe goal of this project was creation of a transition to practice program designed specifically to meet the needs of new graduates hired in public health settings.MethodsThe core competencies of public health nursing were used as a framework to develop this residency program. A group of public health staff, supervisors, and faculty met monthly for three years to develop this program. Key features include general orientation, preceptors, looping experiences, case studies and peer support.ResultsThe program is available as a web resource beginning spring 2018. In order to evaluate this program, data on job satisfaction, employee retention and level of competence in the core competencies of public health will occur using instruments administered prior to beginning and immediately following completion of the new graduate residency.DiscussionThe components of the program mirror best practices for new graduate residencies and are based on core competencies for public health nursing. This residency program is an important step for enhancing the professional development of new baccalaureate graduates in public health settings, and preparing the next generation of public health nurses.ConclusionThrough the increased support and intentional education of the residency program, public health agencies will be able to attract and retain new graduates who develop the essential knowledge and skills to provide safe and effective care in the public health setting.
Ore Genesis and Geochemical Characteristics of Carbonate‐Hosted Talc Deposits in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Imai Akira , Takahashi Ryohei , Yano Shujiro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTalc deposits in Nangarhar Province, are hosted by Paleoproterozoic carbonate rocks, metamorphosed to amphibolite facies in the east–west (E–W) trending Spinghar Fault Block. Many deposits in this province have potential economic importance. However, detailed geologic and petrological studies on ore genesis are still lacking. In this study, eight talc deposits and two prospects of the Spinghar Fault Block were investigated. Talc is mainly formed by alteration of the host dolomite marble, magnesite rocks, and tremolitite. Talc ore bodies occur parallel to subparallel to the beddings of the host carbonate rocks. Dolerite occur as dikes and sills and are mostly metamorphosed to amphibolite. Although the amphibolite occurs mostly parallel to subparallel to the beddings of the host carbonate rocks, and talc orebodies, it partly crosscuts the host rocks. Massive layers of tremolitite were observed with most of the talc ore bodies. Quartz veins occur along the gneissosity of gneiss all over the study area. SiO2 and MgO content in talc rocks from all deposits ranged from 49.1 to 65.1 wt% and from 26.1 to 32.9 wt%, respectively. CaO content in talc rocks and magnesite rocks are less than 1 wt%. ƩREE content in talc rocks ranged from 0.1 to 8.9 ppm. Chemical compositions of host carbonate rocks are close to the ideal composition. Concentrations of Al, Ta, Hf, Zr, Th, Cr, Ni, Co, and ƩREE in talc ores and host carbonate rocks were very low and inconsistent with mafic and ultramafic rocks protolith. Therefore, the metamorphosed sedimentary carbonate rocks were likely to be the protolith of the talc ores. The occurrence of parallel to subparallel quartz veins to the gneissosity of gneiss, as well as the presence of hydrous minerals in host carbonate rocks, suggested that hydrothermal fluids were most probably supplied through the gneiss.
Evaluation of Histogel‐ and Gelfoam‐embedded bronchoalveolar lavage and transtracheal wash fluids compared with cytocentrifuged and sediment smear preparations
Authors: Haysom Laura Z. , Lee‐Fowler Tekla M. , Spangler Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundStorage and temperature significantly impact bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis, and shipment of samples to diagnostic laboratories is often necessary. Alternative sample preparation methods could limit storage and temperature effects.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine if airway wash samples that were fixed in formalin after being embedded in Histogel or Gelfoam gave comparable results to fresh cytocentrifuged or sediment smear preparations for the evaluation of cell morphology.MethodsEleven bronchoalveolar lavage and 3 transtracheal wash fluids were available, including 8 canine, 1 feline, and 5 equine samples. Cytocentrifuged and sediment smear preparations were prepared for routine analysis. Airway fluids were reserved for further evaluation. Total nucleated cell counts (TNCCs) were determined using a hemocytometer. The remaining fluid was used for Histogel and Gelfoam preparations. Each preparation was analyzed by a single board‐certified clinical pathologist and assigned cellularity (1‐3) and morphology scores (1‐4).ResultsCellularity and morphology were significantly worse for the sediment smear, Histogel, and Gelfoam preparations compared with the cytocentrifuged preparations. The Gelfoam preparations had significantly worse cellularity scores than all other methods. Cellularity scores for sediment smears and Histogel preparations were significantly correlated with TNCCs.ConclusionsTNCCs impacted the cellularity of the sediment smears and Histogel preparations. Cytocentrifuged preparations resulted in the best cellularity and morphology and are, therefore, recommended whenever possible. Neither the Histogel nor the Gelfoam methods demonstrated any advantage over sediment smear preparations, and both performed poorly when compared with cytocentrifuged preparations. Therefore, we do not recommend the use of these methods.
Venous blood provides lower glucagon‐like peptide‐1 concentrations than arterialized blood in the postprandial but not the fasted state: Consequences of sampling methods
Authors: Chen Yung‐Chih , Edinburgh Robert M. , Hengist Aaron , Smith Harry A. , Walhin Jean‐Philippe , Betts James A. , Thompson Dylan , Gonzalez Javier T. 
Published: June 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is an important obesity/diabetes target, with effects dependent on circulating GLP‐1 concentrations. Peripheral tissues extract GLP‐1; therefore, sampling venous versus arterialized blood might provide different GLP‐1 concentrations. This study examined whether arterialization alters GLP‐1 concentrations during fasting and feeding.

What is the main finding and its importance?
This study demonstrates that venous blood provides lower postprandial but not fasting GLP‐1 concentrations versus arterialized blood. Therefore, when accurate assessment of postprandial peripheral availability of GLP‐1 is required, blood sampling methods should be considered carefully, reported clearly, and arterialization is recommended.

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) displays concentration‐dependent effects on metabolism, appetite and angiogenesis; therefore, accurate determination of circulating GLP‐1 concentrations is important. In this study, we compared GLP‐1 concentrations in venous versus arterialized blood in both fasted and fed conditions. Venous and arterialized blood samples were obtained simultaneously from 10 young, healthy men before and 30, 60 and 120 min after ingestion of 75 g glucose. Plasma GLP‐1 concentrations increased in response to glucose ingestion (time effect, P < 0.01) and to a lesser extent in venous versus arterialized plasma (time × arterialization interaction, P < 0.01). Accordingly, the plasma incremental area under the curve was lower in venous versus arterialized plasma (974 ± 88 versus 1214 ± 115 pmol l (120 min)−1, respectively, P = 0.049). In the postprandial state, there was a positive relationship between arterialized GLP‐1 concentrations and the venous–arterialized difference in GLP‐1 concentrations (r2 = 0.51; P < 0.01). Both arterialized and venous peak GLP‐1 concentrations showed positive relationships with peak arterialized insulin concentrations (both r2 > 0.6, P < 0.01). Venous sampling results in lower concentrations of GLP‐1 in the postprandial but not the fasted state compared with arterialized blood. This absolute difference is biologically meaningful and is magnified when GLP‐1 availability is high. Therefore, sampling from arterialized blood may provide a better chance of detecting small differences in postprandial GLP‐1 availability with interventions. If absolute GLP‐1 concentrations are of interest, the blood sampling method should be considered carefully and reported clearly.
Wearable Device Validity in Determining Step Count During Hiking and Trail Running
Authors: Navalta James W. , Montes Jeffrey , Bodell Nathaniel G. , Aguilar Charli D. , Lujan Ana , Guzman Gabriela , Kam Brandi K. , Manning Jacob W. , DeBeliso Mark 
Published: June 2018

Because wearable technology is ubiquitous, it is important to determine validity and reliability not only in a laboratory setting, but applied environments where the general population utilizes the devices. The purpose of this study was to 1) determine intra-rater reliability of visual step count outdoors, 2) determine validity of commercially available wearable technology devices in this setting, and 3) report test-retest reliability of commercial devices during hiking and trail running. Individuals (N = 20) completed 5-min hikes and trail runs on a 200-m section of trail while wearing the following devices: Fitbit Surge 2, Garmin Vivosmart HR+, Leaf Health Tracker, Polar A360, Samsung Gear 2, Spire Activity Tracker, and Stryd Power Meter. Intra-rater reliability and test-retest reliability was determined through Intraclass Correlation (ICC), while validity was determined via Bland-Altman analysis (limits of agreement; LoA), mean average percentage error (MAPE), and ICC. Significance was accepted at the p < .05 level. Steps determined by two independent counters were significantly reliable for the hike (ICC = 0.993, p < 0.001) and trail run (ICC = 0.991, p < 0.001). Three devices were valid across both exercise types and all methods of validity: Garmin Vivosmart HR+ (MAPE = 5.4%, ICC = 0.815, LoA = −58.1 to 50.4), Leaf Health Tracker (MAPE = 8.4%, ICC = 0.816, LoA = −78.8 to 39.4), and Stryd Power Meter (MAPE = 4.7%, ICC = 0.799, LoA = −34.3 to 78.9). As only certain devices returned valid step measurements, continued testing in applied environments are needed to have confidence in utilizing technology to track health and activity goals.
Qualitative study of Ebola screening at ports of entry to the UK
Authors: Kesten Joanna May , Audrey Suzanne , Holding Maya , Coope Caroline , Young Nick , Brown Colin S , Harries Jenny , Hickman Matthew , Oliver Isabel 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionIn response to the 2013–2016 West African outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), Public Health England introduced enhanced screening at major UK ports of entry. Our aim was to explore screeners’ and screened travellers’ perceptions of screening as part of an evaluation of the screening programme.MethodsWe undertook qualitative focus groups and semistructured interviews with screeners and travellers who had returned from affected countries before and after the introduction of screening in England. The study was conducted in two airports: one international rail terminal and one military airport. Research topic guides explored perceptions of the purpose and implementation of the process, potential improvements and reactions to screening. The data were analysed using the framework method.ResultsTwenty-four screeners participated in 4 focus groups (one for each port of entry) and 23 travellers participated in interviews. Three themes are presented: ‘Context’, ‘Screeners’ experience of the programme’ and ‘Screening purpose and experiences’. The programme was implemented rapidly, refined over time and adapted to individual ports. Screeners reported diverse experiences of screening including negative impacts on their normal roles, difficult interactions with passengers and pressure to identify positive EVD cases. Screening was considered unlikely to identify individuals with symptoms of EVD, and some participants suggested it was driven by political concerns rather than empirical evidence. The screening process was valued for its provision of information and reassurance.ConclusionThis qualitative study found that the UK EVD screening process was perceived to be acceptable to assess individual risk and provide information and advice to travellers. Future programmes should have clear objectives and streamlined processes to minimise disruption, tailored to the nature of the threat and developed with the needs of humanitarian workers as well as general travellers in mind.
Development of an interprofessional collaboration competency scale for children with medical complexity
Authors: Shimmura Keiko , Tadaka Etsuko 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo develop and validate an interprofessional collaboration competency scale for children with medical complexity (ICC-CMC). These children have the most complex healthcare needs, complicated chronic conditions, severe functional limitations and often need a considerable amount of healthcare resources.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe self-administered ICC-CMC questionnaire was developed based on a literature review and 12 expert interviews.ParticipantsParticipants were 2347 interprofessionals from the health, medical, welfare and education fields in seven prefectures in Japan.Main outcome measure(s)We used Cronbach’s alpha values to assess the internal consistency of the scale. Construct validity was confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis, and an existing scale was administered to assess criterion-related validity.ResultsIn total, 378 professionals provided valid responses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified 12 items on three factors: ‘sharing needs assessment skills’, ‘resource development skills’ and ‘creative networking skills’. The final model showed good fit on four indices (eg, goodness of fit index: 0.925). The Cronbach’s alpha for the entire scale was 0.93 and was above 0.80 for each factor. The correlation coefficient between the existing scale and the ICC-CMC was 0.72 (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe ICC-CMC demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and validity. The scale has potential use in advancing professionals’ individual practice and team performance in interprofessional collaboration. In addition, the ICC-CMC has the potential of improving satisfaction and outcomes for children with medical complexity and their families.
Derivation and validation of a chief complaint shortlist for unscheduled acute and emergency care in Uganda
Authors: Rice Brian Travis , Bisanzo Mark , Maling Samuel , Joseph Ryan , Mowafi Hani 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesDerive and validate a shortlist of chief complaints to describe unscheduled acute and emergency care in Uganda.SettingA single, private, not-for profit hospital in rural, southwestern Uganda.ParticipantsFrom 2009 to 2015, 26 996 patient visits produced 42 566 total chief complaints for the derivation dataset, and from 2015 to 2017, 10 068 visits produced 20 165 total chief complaints for the validation dataset.MethodsA retrospective review of an emergency centre quality assurance database was performed. Data were abstracted, cleaned and refined using language processing in Stata to produce a longlist of chief complaints, which was collapsed via a consensus process to produce a shortlist and turned into a web-based tool. This tool was used by two local Ugandan emergency care practitioners to categorise complaints from a second longlist produced from a separate validation dataset from the same study site. Their agreement on grouping was analysed using Cohen’s kappa to determine inter-rater reliability. The chief complaints describing 80% of patient visits from automated and consensus shortlists were combined to form a candidate chief complaint shortlist.ResultsAutomated data cleaning and refining recognised 95.8% of all complaints and produced a longlist of 555 chief complaints. The consensus process yielded a shortlist of 83 grouped chief complaints. The second validation dataset was reduced in Stata to a longlist of 451 complaints. Using the shortlist tool to categorise complaints produced 71.5% agreement, yielding a kappa of 0.70 showing substantial inter-rater reliability. Only one complaint did not fit into the shortlist and required a free-text amendment. The two shortlists were identical for the most common 14 complaints and combined to form a candidate list of 24 complaints that could characterise over 80% of all emergency centre chief complaints.ConclusionsShortlists of chief complaints can be generated to improve standardisation of data entry, facilitate research efforts and be employed for paper chart usage.