bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Induced Circular Dichroism via Through-Space Chirality Transfer in α-Cyclodextrin-Based Rotaxanes Directed toward Fine Tuning
Authors: Akae Yosuke , Sogawa Hiromitsu , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
α-Cyclodextrin (CD)-based rotaxanes showed induced circular dichroism (ICD) from the α-CD to the axle component via a through-space chirality transfer. The chirality induction was evaluated in detail to clarify the induction mechanism. The ICD sign and pattern were largely dependent on the coverage of the axle end groups by the rotaxane wheel. The observed ICD sensitively reflected the wheel position on the axle, suggesting the possibility of easy chirality transfer and applications toward various functional materials.
Theoretical Study of N2 Coordination to Titanocene(III) Monochloride in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Katayama Akira , Wasada-Tsutsui Yuko , Inomata Tomohiko , Ozawa Tomohiro , Masuda Hideki 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A N2 coordination to titanocene monochloride, [Cp2TiCl], in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (Pyr4FAP), was detected by frozen solution EPR spectroscopy, although such a formation was not detected in toluene and THF. To understand the effect of IL toward the N2 coordination to [Cp2TiCl], density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out applying dielectric permittivity (ε) of solvents (toluene and IL) for the following six model structures; dimeric [(Cp2TiCl)2] in the singlet (1) and triplet states (2), monomeric [Cp2TiCl] (3), [Cp2TiCl(N2)] (4), and [Cp2TiCl(N2)]‡ in the transition state (4-TS). The DFT calculations have revealed that the model complexes, such as 1 and 2, with a small ε value are stabilized by solvents with a small value. To consider the effect of FAP anion toward titanocene complexes, we further performed the calculations for 3, 4 and 4-TS complexes interacting with FAP anion, 3′-FAP, 4′-FAP and 4′-FAP-TS, using empirical corrections (GD3BJ). Although the core structures of titanocenes in 3′-FAP and 4′-FAP are similar to those without FAP anion, F atoms in FAP anion show weak interaction toward H atoms on Cp rings. These findings suggest that the N2 coordination to [Cp2TiCl] in IL could have been induced by interaction of the metal complex with a polar domain in Pyr4FAP.
Iron-catalyzed Versatile and Efficient C(sp2)-H Borylation
Authors: Kamitani Masahiro , Kusaka Haruki , Yuge Hidetaka 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The efficient C-H borylation of a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons and heteroarenes has been achieved using an iron complex bearing a quinoline-based PNN pincer ligand. Mechanistic studies revealed the formation of a bis-boryl complex, which plays a crucial role in the catalytic cycle. The methodology allows the borylation of unactivated arenes using iron catalysts.
Contraceptive implant failures among women using antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pfitzer Anne , Wille Jacqueline , Wambua Jonesmus , Stender Stacie C , Strachan Molly , Ayuyo Christine Maricha , Muhavi Timothy F. Kibidi , Wabwile Valentino , Mehta Supriya D. , Sasser Elizabeth 
Published: June 2019

Background: Women living with HIV have the right to choose whether, when and how many children to have. Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and contraceptives, including implants, continues to increase due to a multitude of efforts. In Kenya, 4.8% of adults are living with HIV, and in 2017, 54% were receiving an efavirenz-based ART regimen. Meanwhile, 16.1% of all Kenyan married (and 10.4% of unmarried) women used implants. Studies have reported drug interactions leading to contraceptive failures among implant users on ART. This retrospective record review aimed to determine unintentional pregnancy rates among women 15-49 years of age, living with HIV and concurrently using implants and ART in western Kenya between 2011 and 2015. Methods: We reviewed charts of women with more than three months of concurrent implant and ART use. Implant failure was defined as implant removal due to pregnancy or birth after implant placement, but prior to scheduled removal date. The incidence of unintended pregnancy was calculated by woman-years at risk, assuming a constant rate. Results: Data from 1,152 charts were abstracted, resulting in 1,190 implant and ART combinations. We identified 115 pregnancies, yielding a pregnancy incidence rate of 6.32 (5.27–7.59), with 9.26 among ETG and 4.74 among LNG implant users, respectively. No pregnancies were recorded among women on non-NNRTI-based regimens, whereas pregnancy rates for efavirenz and nevirapine-containing regimens were similar, at 6.41 (4.70–8.73) and 6.44 (5.13–8.07), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the implications of drug interaction on women’s choices for contraception.
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Associated with Coronary Artery Vasospasm
Authors: Laeeq Rida , Berman Jeffrey S. , Khalid Umair , Lakkis Nasser M. , Tabbaa Rashed 
Published: June 2019

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is a rare disorder associated with neurologic symptoms secondary to diffuse cerebral vasospasm. Cardiac involvement in this disease is exceedingly rare.
A 50-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of chest pain. During a 3-year period, she had been admitted multiple times because of chest pain and elevated serum cardiac enzymes. Transthoracic echocardiograms showed transient wall-motion abnormalities; however, coronary angiograms revealed no coronary artery disease. At the current admission, she had a thunderclap headache, and cerebral angiograms revealed diffuse cerebral vasoconstriction that improved after verapamil infusion, confirming the diagnosis of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. The patient was treated successfully with oral diltiazem and had no recurrence of symptoms.
We describe what we think is the first reported case of coronary artery spasm in association with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Future research should be focused on identifying treatment options and defining the mechanisms by which the cerebral and coronary vasculature are affected.
Effectiveness of Artificial Neochordae Implantation in Tricuspid Valve Repair
Authors: Salihi Salih , Kiziltan H. Tarik , Huraibat Ahmad , Korkmaz Askin Ali , Kara Ibrahim , Guden Mustafa 
Published: June 2019

Various techniques for treating tricuspid regurgitation have been described; however, because of scarce data about the long-term outcomes of different repairs, the optimal technique has not been established. We evaluated the effectiveness and durability of artificial neochordae implantation in the treatment of tricuspid regurgitation.
From 2009 through 2014, 507 patients underwent tricuspid valve repair at our institution. Of those, 48 patients implanted with artificial neochordae were included in our study. The median age of the participants was 62 years (range, 4–77 yr) and 50% were women. Thirty patients (63%) were in New York Heart Association functional class III, and 11 (23%) were in class II. The cause of tricuspid regurgitation was functional in 33 patients (69%) and rheumatic in 15 (31%). In 46 patients, neochordae implantation was performed in addition to Kay annuloplasty (n=13) or ring annuloplasty (n=33).
Forty-two patients were discharged from the hospital with absent or mild tricuspid regurgitation. The mean follow-up period was 44.3 ± 20.2 months. Follow-up echocardiograms revealed that tricuspid regurgitation was absent, minimal, or mild in 38 patients (80.8%), moderate in 7, and severe in 2.
Our results indicate that the use of artificial neochordae implantation as an adjunct procedure to annuloplasty leads to effective and durable repair in comparison with conventional techniques for treating tricuspid regurgitation.
Effect of Percutaneous Suction Thromboembolectomy on Improved Right Ventricular Function
Authors: Akhmerov Akbarshakh , Reich Heidi , Mirocha James , Ramzy Danny 
Published: June 2019

Venous thromboembolism is a leading cause of cardiovascular death. Historically, surgical intervention has been associated with high morbidity rates. Pharmacologic therapy alone can be inadequate for patients with substantial hemodynamic compromise, so minimally invasive procedures are being developed to reduce clot burden. We describe our initial experience with using the AngioVac system to remove thromboemboli percutaneously.
We reviewed all suction thromboembolectomy procedures performed at our institution from March 2013 through August 2015. The main indications for the procedure were failed catheter-directed therapy, contraindication to thrombolysis, bleeding-related complications, and clot-in-transit phenomena. We collected details on patient characteristics, procedural indications, thrombus location, hemodynamic values, cardiac function, pharmacologic support, and survival to discharge from the hospital. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis.
Thirteen patients (mean age, 56 ± 15 yr; 10 men) underwent suction thromboembolectomy; 10 (77%) survived to hospital discharge. The median follow-up time was 74 days (interquartile range [IQR], 23–221 d). Preprocedurally, 8 patients (62%) had severe right ventricular dysfunction; afterwards, 11 (85%) had normal function or mild-to-moderate dysfunction, and only 2 (17%) had severe dysfunction (P=0.031).
Percutaneous suction thromboembolectomy, a promising therapeutic option for patients, appears to be safe, and we found it to be associated with improved right ventricular function.
Minimally Invasive Endovascular Repair of Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm with Use of Local Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation
Authors: Almanfi Abdelkader , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: June 2019

Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) is typically treated surgically. No commercially available device has been specifically designed for endovascular ATAA repair, and currently, multiple anatomic and technical challenges affect its feasibility. Previously, such repairs have been performed with the patients under general anesthesia.
We describe a novel, minimally invasive approach to endovascular repair of ATAA, involving local anesthesia, conscious sedation, and 24-hour hospitalization. Two consecutive male patients (ages, 79 and 54 yr) who had comorbidities underwent percutaneous transfemoral endovascular ATAA repair with use of commercially available endografts. Patient 1 had a saccular aneurysm, and Patient 2 had a pseudoaneurysm consequent to recent surgical ATAA repair. The patients were discharged from the hospital 24 hours after technically successful, uncomplicated procedures. At 2 months, computed tomograms showed no endoleak or stent-graft migration. Our experience shows that minimally invasive endovascular ATAA repair is feasible for selected high-risk patients. We describe the procedure, access and closure devices, and challenges associated with this approach.
Formation of aligned core/sheath microfiber scaffolds with a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) sheath and a conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) core
Authors: Martin Rachel A. , Wendling Marie , Mohrenweiser Bailey , Qian Zichen , Zhao Feng , Mullins Michael E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Effect of additions of metal submicron particles on properties of alumina matrix composites
Authors: Rocha-Rangel Enrique , López-Hernández Juan , Calles-Arriaga Carlos A. , Pech-Rodríguez Wilian J. , Armendáriz-Mireles Eddie N. , Castillo-Robles José A. , Rodríguez-García José A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A First-in-Human Phase I Study of GC1118, a Novel Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Oh Do-Youn , Lee Keun-Wook , Han Sae-Won , Kim Jin Won , Shin Jung-Won , Jo Seong-Jin , Won Jonghwa , Hahn Seokyung , Lee Howard , Kim Woo Ho , Bang Yung-Jue 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLessons LearnedGC1118 is a novel fully human anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody with unique binding epitopes and different ligand-binding inhibitory activity compared with cetuximab or panitumumab. GC1118 showed promising antitumor activity, especially in patients with colorectal cancer resistant to prior EGFR antibody. Skin toxicities were more common and diarrhea was less frequent compared with other anti-EGFR antibodies.BackgroundGC1118 is a novel monoclonal antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with more potent ligand inhibition than cetuximab or panitumumab. We conducted a first-in-human, phase I study of GC118 in patients with refractory solid tumors.MethodsIn the dose escalation part, GC1118 was administered on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, followed by a 2-week rest, during which dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were evaluated. In the expansion part, patients were enrolled into three cohorts (Cohort 1 [C1], patients with colorectal cancer [CRC] without prior anti-EGFR treatment; Cohort 2 [C2], patients with CRC with tumors resistant to anti-EGFR therapy; Cohort 3 [C3], EGFR-overexpressing gastric cancer).ResultsIn the dose escalation part, 24 patients were treated at five dose levels: 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mg/kg. In the 5.0 mg/kg cohort, two patients experienced DLTs (skin toxicities). The maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) was 4.0 mg/kg. Common adverse events were skin toxicities. In the expansion part, 39 patients were enrolled. In Cohort 1, stable disease (SD) was observed in 58%; in Cohort 2, partial response (PR) 17% and SD 8%; in Cohort 3, PR 8% and SD 17%.ConclusionGC1118 showed promising antitumor activity and was well tolerated. Infrequent diarrhea compared with other anti-EGFR antibodies might be advantageous for further development.
Replacement depreciation and price regulation
Authors: Lambrechts IJ 
Published: June 2019

Price regulation occurs quite commonly amongst natural monopolies which frequently include public utilities. In South Africa and in certain countries in Africa, there has recently been a revival of price regulation in certain industries and enterprises, where competition is limited or non-existent. Price regulation can be applied in a multitude of ways. Because of the importance of the price levels (historical and replacement) in the price setting exercise, the focus in this paper will be on the issue of depreciation to arrive at the final prices. The electricity utility industry was historically viewed as a highly mature and heavily regulated natural monopoly. In many parts of the world, electricity utilities have already been deregulated to a large extent and in the United States the process was preceded by a process of unbundling or ringfencing of the main divisions, i.e. generation and distribution. Even the network component of transmission, traditionally seen as natural monopolies, was deregulated to a large extent. The deregulation process, whether fully or partially, emphasised the requirement for a detailed explanation for a specific price level. The need for acceptable and transparent selling prices has, therefore, not disappeared. Regulatory pricing is consequently a vital component of pricing at this stage and in the restructured industry it will continue to play an important role because of a limited number of participants. In other sectors of the South African energy industry too, the deregulation process has either not started or has not been completed. Price regulation is presently and will in future be applicable to the liquid fuels industry, which includes the pipeline of Petronet as well as gas pipelines. Other industries which are being price regulated at the moment include water, medicine, telecommunication (fixed lines) and postal rates. Although the economic regulation for these industries may differ substantially, the principles applying to depreciation calculations would be similar. Replacement depreciation produces lower profit figures during periods of inflation. Quoted companies often oppose this system because of a lack of taxation recognition on income and the adverse effect on earnings per share. This paper covers the calculation of depreciation by price regulators where assets are not diversified (single assets). Shorter depreciation lifetimes based on historical cost result in an automatic provision for replacement depreciation. The extent of the provision would be a function of the difference between the actual and selected lifetimes, income tax rates, re-investment rates and the extent of the financial gearing ratio. Provision for replacement depreciation may be reduced significantly, if not reduced completely, by reducing depreciation lifetimes.
Reduction in air pollution using the ‘basa njengo magogo’ method and the applicability to low-smoke fuels
Authors: Le Roux Lukas J. , Zunckel Mark , McCormick Shirley 
Published: June 2019

The then Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) piloted the top-down Basa njengo Magogo alternative fire ignition method at Orange Farm dur-ing the winter of 2003. In total, 76% of households reported less smoke in their homes, while 67%reported less smoke in the streets after one month of using the method (Palmer Development Consulting, 2003). Work by Nova (Schoonraad & Swanepoel, 2003) in eMbalenhle (actual environ-mental tests) indicated up to a 60% reduction in smoke compared with the conventional method of bottom-up ignition. To support the findings of the environmental studies, the CSIR were appointed by the DME to conduct an experiment under con-trolled laboratory conditions to gather quantitative data on the reduction in particulate emissions asso-ciated with the Basa njengo Magogo method of lighting coal fires. The CSIR was further contracted to assess whether the Basa njengo Magogo technol-ogy was viable with low-smoke fuels.The experiment was conducted using traditional D-Grade coal in both the conventional bottom-up and the Basa njengo Magogo ignition techniques. Three low volatile fuels were also assessed using the Basa njengo Magogo method namely:• Anthracite (volatile content of 10.6%)• Anthracite (volatile content of 12%)• Low volatile coal (volatile content of 20.8%), from Slater Coal in Dundee.All four fuels using the Basa njengo Magogo method recorded similar times of between 11 and 13 minutes from ignition to the fires reaching cook-ing temperature. The bottom-up fire for conven-tional D-Grade coal reached cooking temperature after 55 minutes.Particulate emissions from all the Basa njengo Magogo fires were similar and up to 92% lower in particulate emissions than that of the D-Grade coal in the bottom-up fire. SO2 emissions from the two D-Grade coal fires were the lowest and were identical. The highest SO2 emission resulted from the low volatile coal. The method of lighting the fire does not have a significant effect on the SO2 emissions. The Basa njengo Magogo method of ignition uses approximately 1 kg less coal to reach cooking temperature than the traditional bottom–up method. At a cost of approximately R1.00 per kilo-gram of coal, this translates into a cost savings of approximately R30 per month.
Багатополяризаційні вимірювання та оцінка зміни величини відбитого сигналу за рахунок турбулентності
Authors: Averyanova Yuliya , Rudiakova Anna , Yanovsky Felix 
Published: June 2019

Метою цієї роботи є розробка нового поляриметричного підходу щодо оцінки внеску динамічних атмосферних явищ в відбитий радіолокаційний сигнал при мікрохвильовому дистанційному зондуванні хмар та опадів. В роботі рідкі гідрометеори (краплі дощу) розглядаються як об’єкти з нестійкою формою, параметри форми яких є випадковими величинами, що чутливі до впливу динамічних атмосферних явищ включно турбулентність. В роботі одержано математичні вирази для опису електромагнітного поля, що розсіюється рідкими гідрометеорами, а також для змінної (вібруючої) компоненти поля для випадку багатоплрязиційної радіолокаційної системи. Одержано математичний вираз для сигналу після фазового детектору для сепарації вібруючої компоненти, що викликана турбулентністю від змін сигналу, які викликані іншими факторами. Для демонстрації практичної можливості реєстрації зміни відбитої електромагнітної енергії за рахунок турбулентності або інших явищ, що пов’язані з вітром проведено розрахунок співвідношення між середнім рівнем сигналу та величиною вібрацій в децибелах. Результати роботи є корисними для вирішення питань, що пов’язані з сепарацією вібрацій відбитого радіолокаційного сигналу, що викликані динамічними атмосферними явищами, наприклад турбулентністю, від інших факторів.
Badanie wpływu zawartości minerałów ciężkich na naturalną promieniotwórczość skał miocenu zapadliska przedkarpackiego
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Zagórska Urszula , Sikora Aleksandra ,   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Łykowska Grażyna ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: June 2019

In the Miocene rocks of the Carpathian Foredeep, the occurrence of overestimating the measurements of natural radioactivity logs for mudstones was noticed. This phenomenon causes problems with recognition on the basis of natural radioactivity profiling of these rocks from claystones, characterized by inferior petrophysical parameters. In this study, another possible source of increased radioactivity of mudstone rocks, i.e. the content of heavy minerals that tend to accumulate radioactive elements - uranium and thorium - was investigated. Heavy minerals, belonging to the accessory minerals, such as zircon, apatite, monazite, rutile, garnet and titanite, are characterized by increased radioactivity due to substitutions of U and Th in the crystal lattice. Natural radioactivity of the test samples was measured using the gamma spectrometry method with the RT-50 device from the Georadis company. The heavy minerals were then removed from the rock samples using a heavy liquid, previously separating the samples into grain fractions to facilitate the separation of the heavy fraction. The individual grain fractions deprived of heavy minerals were put back together and the uranium, thorium (and potassium) content was re-measured. Microscopic observations were also made to qualitatively analyze the mineralogical structure of the separated heavy fraction. In the tested samples, among others: zircon, tourmaline, garnet, rutile, apatite, chlorite or titanite grains were identified. The results of the measurements of natural radioactivity, before and after the separation of heavy minerals, do not give a clear answer to the problem of excessive indications of the gamma logs. It is necessary to increase the number of analyzed samples. The trend of decreasing amounts of U and Th in the samples from which the heavy fraction was isolated was observed. However, changes in radioactivity are so small that they do not allow to draw final conclusions. Additional analyzes are needed to assess the impact of other sources of uranium and thorium in analyzed rocks, such as the content of organic matter or Th content in clays.