bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of meat and water temperature and emulsion speed on the industrial process for chicken mortadella
Authors: Cenci Daniel Frigeri , Kilian Josiane , Janeczko Marcelo Urban , Manzoli Alexandra , Rigo Elisandra , Soares Mónica Beatriz Alvarado 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA 23 factorial design was performed to evaluate the meat and water temperature and the emulsification speed effects in relation to the physical state of animal proteins added to the emulsion process for chicken mortadella production. The dependent variables studied were instrumental texture, pH, protein, lipid, lipid oxidation, and sensory analysis. Under study conditions, the parameter for emulsion speed and water temperature had no significant difference to chemical analyses on the process. Yet, shear force showed a significant difference between treatments in the proportion of raw meat (chilled/frozen). The pH and TBAR values presented no significant difference between treatments, but it had differences during storage period, however inside of acceptable limits. The shear force was influenced by proportions of chilled/frozen raw meat, because the increase in the amount of cooled raw material is beneficial for sensory characteristics. The treatment T9 had a higher acceptability (82.07%), with conditions of process emulsification at 700 rpm, proportion of chilled/frozen raw meat material (1,280/1,280) and added water at 32 °C, resulting in a final 1.5 °C emulsified mass temperature. The proteins, lipid values, and microbiological analysis indicated that the mortadella is found within legislation parameters and the optimized process was successful.Practical applicationsThe increasing demand for food quality product by consumers has made the food industry more competitive, thus making the supply of standardized, quality, and accessible products to the market extremely important. This study provides valuable information for the food industry, especially for emulsified meat products. In the industry, frozen and chilled meat raw materials and water are used to help in mixing with other ingredient. However, attention should be taken on the proportions and temperature that raw materials are used, as these have direct influence on the stability and quality emulsion and, consequently on the final product as well. To maintain the product standard quality, the standardization of operational parameters such as emulsification speed, chilled/frozen meat proportion, and water temperature were performed. The results showed that mortadella texture could be improved by the proportions of chilled/frozen raw material, being well accepted by consumers.
Degraded aflatoxin M1 in artificially contaminated fermented milk using Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum affected by some bio‐physical factors
Authors: Sokoutifar Roghayeh , Razavilar Vadood , Anvar Amir Ali , Shoeiby Shahram 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study was focused on measuring the percent value of degraded aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in the industrial and traditional fermented milk product (Doogh in Persian) using Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum, and a combination of them at concentrations of 104 cfu/ml associated with the selected bio‐physical factors including Temperature of produced Doogh at 4, 21, and 37 °C and Time of Doogh storage (0, 48 hr, 11 days, and 30 days). These results showed that the level of AFM1 binding to L. acidophilus at concentration of 1 × 104 cfu/ml increased in a temperature‐dependent manner from the second day of the research for traditional produced Doogh (100.0 ± 0.37) compared with those of other days of the experiment. These findings were repeated for industrially produced Doogh with slight difference at 30 days of experiment (94.28 ± 0.47) with significant differences (p < .05) compared with those of the second and the 11th days (100.0 ± 0.37 and 100.0 ± 0.45, respectively). It is concluded that the use of L. acidophilus and L. plantarum can be useful for binding the AFM1 presented in fermented milk especially at long storage time and higher degrees of temperature (21 and 37 °C).Practical applicationsOne of the most reasons for application the probiotics in to milk and dairy products such as fermented milk (Doogh) has been reducing the amount of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). In this study, the findings showed that lactic acid bacteria bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum have appropriate ability to bind to AFM1 in fermented milk but L. plantarum presented greater ability to degrade AFM1 particularly at long storage time (up to 11 days) and higher degrees of temperature (21 and 37 °C).
Reading Durkheim in Darkness
Authors: Greenhouse Carol J. 
Published: November 2018

This article is a contribution to the occasional series dealing with major books that have influenced the authors. Previous contributors include Stewart Macaulay, John Griffith, William Twining, Carol Harlow, Geoffrey Bindman, Harry Arthurs, André‐Jean Arnaud, Alan Hunt, Michael Adler, Lawrence O. Gostin, John P. Heinz, Roger Brownsword, Roger Cotterrell, and Nicola Lacey.I have chosen Émile Durkheim's Division of Labor in Society (1893). As for many social scientists, Division was part of my introduction to anthropology, especially for its key concepts of collective consciousness and social solidarity. A standard reading of it formulates Durkheim's idea of law as the expression of collective consciousness; however, later circumstances of rereading gave me a sense of his own doubts on this very possibility. As my ethnographic work has increasingly focused on the strategic aggrandizement of federal power in the United States, I have been surprised to find myself repeatedly reaching for Durkheim's book – particularly for its association of the value of social science with the vulnerability of modern society to democratic crisis.
Microvessels may Confound the “Swallow Tail Sign” in Normal Aged Midbrains: A Postmortem 7 T SW‐MRI Study
Authors: Kau Thomas , Hametner Simon , Endmayr Verena , Deistung Andreas , Prihoda Max , Haimburger Evelin , Menard Christian , Haider Thomas , Höftberger Romana , Robinson Simon , Reichenbach Jürgen R. , Lassmann Hans , Traxler Hannes , Trattnig Siegfried , Grabner Günther 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSESusceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) plays a role in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, but lacks widespread acceptance in clinical routine. In a descriptive pilot study, we assessed hypointense microstructures of the normal substantia nigra pars compacta at ultrahigh‐field strength for interpretation of the “swallow tail sign.”METHODSMagnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla was performed in five postmortem samples obtained from subjects not affected by Parkinson's disease. Susceptibility weighted images, including minimum intensity projections, were created followed by consensus assessment for microvascular confound. Histological workup in this case‐control study included iron and myelin staining. Seven Tesla SWI images from the reference cohort of nine living subjects, all of which showed a positive “swallow tail sign” in their midbrains, were assessed visually.RESULTSAll specimens showed microvessels running through the dorsal pars compacta and along the caudolateral circumference of the red nucleus. Hypointense imaging patterns in the medial part of the “swallow tail” were due to susceptibility effects of iron deposits and microvessels. In eight out of nine control subjects, one or more microvessels were detected medial to the dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity or at least unilaterally in the medial part of the “swallow tail.” One microvessel crossing nigrosome 1 was found in two in‐vivo cases.CONCLUSIONBoth iron deposits and microvessels contribute to the hyposignal surrounding nigrosome 1 in susceptibility weighted imaging of normal aged midbrains at ultrahigh‐field strength. When assessing the substantia nigra for the presence or absence of the “swallow tail sign,” intrinsic vessels may be a sporadic confounder.
The therapeutic potential of the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor against infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Eisenhardt Michaela , Schlupp Peggy , Höfer Frank , Schmidts Thomas , Hoffmann Daniel , Czermak Peter , Pöppel Anne-Kathrin , Vilcinskas Andreas , Runkel Frank 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor (IMPI) from Galleria mellonella, the only known specific inhibitor of M4 metalloproteinases.

Methods
The fusion protein IMPI-GST (glutathione-S-transferase) was produced by fermentation in Escherichia coli and was tested for its ability to inhibit the proteolytic activity of the M4 metalloproteinases thermolysin and Pseudomonas elastase (PE), the latter a key virulence factor of the wound-associated and antibiotic-resistant pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We also tested the ability of IMPI to inhibit the secretome (Sec) of a P. aeruginosa strain obtained from a wound.

Key findings
We found that IMPI-GST inhibited thermolysin and PE in vitro and increased the viability of human keratinocytes exposed to Sec by inhibiting detachment caused by changes in cytoskeletal morphology. IMPI-GST also improved the cell migration rate in an in vitro wound assay and reduced the severity of necrosis caused by Sec in an ex vivo porcine wound model.

Conclusions
The inhibition of virulence factors is a novel therapeutic approach against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Our results indicate that IMPI is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
Spatial perspective of hexavalent chromium concentration in superficial waters of the Ciénaga de las Quintas Mangrove Swamp, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
Authors: Villalobos Dámaso Blanco , Mendoza Dina del C. , Martínez Pájaro Cesar , Herrera Reynaldo Fajardo , Lambis‐Miranda Henry A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA spatial characterization was undertaken to demonstrate the presence of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) in surface waters (maximum depth of 0.5 m) in the Ciénaga de las Quintas mangrove swamp, located in the city of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. This characterization was geostatistical in nature, an approach that is little used in such studies, although it offers two‐dimensional profiles of the concentration of relevant contaminants (hexavalent chromium in this case) with concentrations between 3 and 9.2 μg/L. Sampling was carried out systematically on a square grid with a cell size of one ha (100 m × 100 m). To corroborate the relationship between the sample positions and concentrations, the Euclidean distance matrices of each variable were calculated previous step for conducting the Mantel test, which indicated a positive correlation between the distance and concentration of hexavalent chromium (R = 0,1674: p value = 0.1275). The Moran Index was also calculated for Cr (VI). The experimental semivariogram (γ)was also calculated and fit to the exponential theoretical model, with a correlation coefficient of 99.4%. Using this analytical model of variance, predictions of Cr (VI) concentrations were made for unsampled locations, using the Kriging method with a new mesh side of only 10 m. This approach indicated the new mesh points exhibiting the higher concentrations coincided with locations in the swamp that receiving sewage effluents from the Bazurto public grocery market and the Chinatown neighbourhood. The Cr (VI) contamination was of anthropogenic origin because its concentration displays a gradient from the zone of human activities to the Cartagena de Indias bay.
A Capable Surgeon and a Willing Electrologist: Challenges to the Expansion of Transgender Surgical Care in the United States
Authors: Plemons Eric 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSince 2014, public and private insurance coverage for transgender Americans’ surgical care has increased exponentially. Training clinicians and equipping institutions to meet the surge in demand has not been as rapid. Through ethnographic research at a surgical workshop focused on trans‐ genital reconstruction and in a U.S. hospital working to grow its transgender health program, this article shows that effects of the decades‐long insurance exclusion of trans‐ surgery are not easily remedied through the recent event of its inclusion because patient access is not the only thing that has been restricted by coverage denial. Decades of excluding coverage for trans‐ genital reconstructive surgery have limited the development and circulation of technical skills required to perform these procedures, as well as the administrative processes needed to integrate them into existing clinical workflows. One surgeon estimates that turning expanded access into realized care is “a five or six‐year problem.”
How quantitative is metabarcoding: A meta‐analytical approach
Authors: Lamb Philip D. , Hunter Ewan , Pinnegar John K. , Creer Simon , Davies Richard G. , Taylor Martin I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMetabarcoding has been used in a range of ecological applications such as taxonomic assignment, dietary analysis and the analysis of environmental DNA. However, after a decade of use in these applications there is little consensus on the extent to which proportions of reads generated corresponds to the original proportions of species in a community. To quantify our current understanding, we conducted a structured review and meta‐analysis. The analysis suggests that a weak quantitative relationship may exist between the biomass and sequences produced (slope = 0.52 ± 0.34, p < 0.01), albeit with a large degree of uncertainty. None of the tested moderators, sequencing platform type, the number of species used in a trial or the source of DNA, were able to explain the variance. Our current understanding of the factors affecting the quantitative performance of metabarcoding is still limited: additional research is required before metabarcoding can be confidently utilized for quantitative applications. Until then, we advocate the inclusion of mock communities when metabarcoding as this facilitates direct assessment of the quantitative ability of any given study.
Kinase activity of SOBIR1 and BAK1 is required for immune signalling
Authors: van der Burgh Aranka M. , Postma Jelle , Robatzek Silke , Joosten Matthieu H. A. J. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryLeucine‐rich repeat‐receptor‐like proteins (LRR‐RLPs) and LRR‐receptor‐like kinases (LRR‐RLKs) trigger immune signalling to promote plant resistance against pathogens. LRR‐RLPs lack an intracellular kinase domain, and several of these receptors have been shown to constitutively interact with the LRR‐RLK Suppressor of BIR1‐1/EVERSHED (SOBIR1/EVR) to form signalling‐competent receptor complexes. Ligand perception by LRR‐RLPs initiates recruitment of the co‐receptor BRI1‐Associated Kinase 1/Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase 3 (BAK1/SERK3) to the LRR‐RLP/SOBIR1 complex, thereby activating LRR‐RLP‐mediated immunity. We employed phosphorylation analysis of in planta‐produced proteins, live cell imaging, gene silencing and co‐immunoprecipitation to investigate the roles of SOBIR1 and BAK1 in immune signalling. We show that Arabidopsis thaliana (At) SOBIR1, which constitutively activates immune responses when overexpressed in planta, is highly phosphorylated. Moreover, in addition to the kinase activity of SOBIR1 itself, kinase‐active BAK1 is essential for AtSOBIR1‐induced constitutive immunity and for the phosphorylation of AtSOBIR1. Furthermore, the defence response triggered by the tomato LRR‐RLP Cf‐4 on perception of Avr4 from the extracellular pathogenic fungus Cladosporium fulvum is dependent on kinase‐active BAK1. We argue that, in addition to the trans‐autophosphorylation of SOBIR1, it is likely that SOBIR1 and BAK1 transphosphorylate, and thereby activate the receptor complex. The signalling‐competent cell surface receptor complex subsequently activates downstream cytoplasmic signalling partners to initiate RLP‐mediated immunity.
Non‐invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation prevents postoperative ileus and endotoxemia in mice
Authors: Hong Gun‐Soo , Zillekens Anne , Schneiker Bianca , Pantelis Dimitrios , de Jonge Wouter J. , Schaefer Nico , Kalff Joerg C. , Wehner Sven 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway comprises the perception of peripheral inflammation by afferent sensory neurons and reflex activation of efferent vagus nerve activity to regulate inflammation. Activation of this pathway was shown to reduce the inflammatory response and improve outcome of postoperative ileus (POI) and sepsis in rodents. Herein, we tested if a non‐invasive auricular electrical transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) affects inflammation in models of POI or endotoxemia.MethodsMice underwent tVNS or sham stimulation before and after induction of either POI by intestinal manipulation (IM) or endotoxemia by lipopolysaccharide administration. Some animals underwent a preoperative right cervical vagotomy. Neuronal activation of the solitary tract nucleus (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV) were analyzed by immunohistological detection of c‐fos+ cells. Gene and protein expression of IL‐6, MCP‐1, IL‐1β as well as leukocyte infiltration and gastrointestinal transit were analyzed at different time points after IM. IL‐6, TNFα, and IL‐1β serum levels were analyzed 3 hours after lipopolysaccharide administration.ResultstVNS activated the NTS and DMV and reduced intestinal cytokine expression, reduced leukocyte recruitment to the manipulated intestine segment, and improved gastrointestinal transit after IM. Endotoxemia‐induced IL‐6 and TNF‐α release was also reduced by tVNS. The protective effects of tVNS on POI and endotoxemia were abrogated by vagotomy.ConclusiontVNS prevents intestinal and systemic inflammation. Activation of the DMV indicates an afferent to efferent central circuitry of the tVNS stimulation and the beneficial effects of tVNS depend on an intact vagus nerve. tVNS may become a non‐invasive approach for treatment of POI.
Hybridisation‐based target enrichment of phenology genes to dissect the genetic basis of yield and adaptation in barley
Authors: Hill Camilla Beate , Angessa Tefera Tolera , McFawn Lee‐Anne , Wong Debbie , Tibbits Josquin , Zhang Xiao‐Qi , Forrest Kerrie , Moody David , Telfer Paul , Westcott Sharon , Diepeveen Dean , Xu Yanhao , Tan Cong , Hayden Matthew , Li Chengdao 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal grain widely used for livestock feed, brewing malts and human food. Grain yield is the most important breeding target for genetic improvement and largely depends on optimal timing of flowering. Little is known about the allelic diversity of genes that underlie flowering time in domesticated barley, the genetic changes that have occurred during breeding, and their impact on yield and adaptation. Here, we report a comprehensive genomic assessment of a worldwide collection of 895 barley accessions based on the targeted resequencing of phenology genes. A versatile target‐capture method was used to detect genome‐wide polymorphisms in a panel of 174 flowering time‐related genes, chosen based on prior knowledge from barley, rice and Arabidopsis thaliana. Association studies identified novel polymorphisms that accounted for observed phenotypic variation in phenology and grain yield, and explained improvements in adaptation as a result of historical breeding of Australian barley cultivars. We found that 50% of genetic variants associated with grain yield, and 67% of the plant height variation was also associated with phenology. The precise identification of favourable alleles provides a genomic basis to improve barley yield traits and to enhance adaptation for specific production areas.
Resequencing of cv CRI‐12 family reveals haplotype block inheritance and recombination of agronomically important genes in artificial selection
Authors: Lu Xuke , Fu Xiaoqiong , Wang Delong , Wang Junyi , Chen Xiugui , Hao Meirong , Wang Junjuan , Gervers Kyle A. , Guo Lixue , Wang Shuai , Yin Zujun , Fan Weili , Shi Chunwei , Wang Xiaoge , Peng Jun , Chen Chao , Cui Ruifeng , Shu Na , Zhang Binglei , Han Mingge , Zhao Xiaojie , Mu Min , Yu John Z. , Ye Wuwei 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAlthough efforts have been taken to exploit diversity for yield and quality improvements, limited progress on using beneficial alleles in domesticated and undomesticated cotton varieties is limited. Given the complexity and limited amount of genomic information since the completion of four cotton genomes, characterizing significant variations and haplotype block inheritance under artificial selection has been challenging. Here we sequenced Gossypium hirsutum L. cv CRI‐12 (the cotton variety with the largest acreage in China), its parental cultivars, and progeny cultivars, which were bred by the different institutes in China. In total, 3.3 million SNPs were identified and 118, 126 and 176 genes were remarkably correlated with Verticillium wilt, salinity and drought tolerance in CRI‐12, respectively. Transcriptome‐wide analyses of gene expression, and functional annotations, have provided support for the identification of genes tied to these tolerances. We totally discovered 58 116 haplotype blocks, among which 23 752 may be inherited and 1029 may be recombined under artificial selection. This survey of genetic diversity identified loci that may have been subject to artificial selection and documented the haplotype block inheritance and recombination, shedding light on the genetic mechanism of artificial selection and guiding breeding efforts for the genetic improvement of cotton.
Examining the Role of Socioeconomic Status, Formal and Informal Education on Political Interest Levels among University Students
Authors: Shala Arif , Grajcevci Albulene 
Published: November 2018

Present research examines political socialization trends among student populations in Kosovo (N = 303). The study examines the variables influencing and determining political interest trends in students, initially hypothesizing that variables such as formal education and socioeconomic status will shape political interest trends. As expected, formal education settings that endorse political discussions resulted in students reporting higher rates of political interest. Surprisingly, the present study found a gender effect on political interest with female students reporting lower rates of political interest compared to male students. Since this study is the first to address the topic of political interest among students in Kosovo, it does bridge the existing gap in research. To that end, the study also addressed a gap in international literature by examining the role of informal learning. Results indicate that role models are strong agents of socialization, more specifically parents and professors were strong predictors of political interest levels in participants.Related Articles
Henderson, Alisa, Steven D. Brown and Mark S. Pancer. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 93‐130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00341.x

Pearson‐Merkowitz, Shanna. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 258‐295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00349.x

Curato, Nicole and Simon Niemeyer. 2013. “.” Politics & Policy 41 (): 355‐383. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12015
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