bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Komponen Aktif Minyak Atsiri dari Daging Buah Pala Kering Cabinet Dryer Melalui Metode Distilasi Air dan Air-Uap
Authors: Sipahelut Sophia G 
Published: September 2019

The demand for essential oils has increased recently due to the growing of parfume, cosmetic, pharacentical, food and beverage, natural flavourings, medicines, aroma therapy, as well as non-food industries. Nutmeg fruit flesh is one of the potential sources of essential oils which can be obtained by both water distilation and water-steam distillation. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry (GC-MS) is a dynamic analytical method to separate and to detect volatile compounds in a mixture. This study was aimed to compare active components of essential oils from cabinet dryer-dried nutmeg fruit flesh by water distillation and water-steam distillation. Results showed that 28 compounds were detected in essential oils of nutmeg flesh by water distillation, while 31 were identified in oil by water-steam distillation. Compounds identified with higher intensity in oil by water distillation were α-pinene (15.8%), β-pinene (12.0%), limonene (7.5%), δ-terpinene (8.7%), terpinene-4 -ol (14.4%), α-terpineol (4.9%), and myristicin (15.6%). The similar compounds were also detected in oil by water-steam distillation but in different quantities such as 13,3%, 8,8%, 7,2%, 8,7%, 15,6%, 7,7%, 13,5%, respectively.
Keywords: distillation method, essential oil component, GC-MS, nutmeg fruit flesh

ABSTRAK
Perkembangan industri parfum, kosmetik, farmasi, makanan dan minuman, penyedap alami, obat-obatan, aroma terapi, maupun industri bukan makanan semakin tahun semakin meningkat yang berakibat meningkatnya kebutuhan minyak atsiri. Daging buah pala menjadi salah satu potensi sumber minyak atsiri yang dapat diperoleh melalui metode distilasi (distilasi air dan distilasi air-uap). Kromatografi Gas Spectrometer Massa (GC-MS) merupakan metode yang dinamis untuk pemisahan dan deteksi senyawa-senyawa yang mudah menguap dalam suatu campuran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan komponen senyawa aktif minyak atsiri dari daging buah pala kering cabinet dryer yang diperoleh dari distilasi air dan distilasi air-uap menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil analisis GC-MS minyak atsiri daging buah pala yang diperoleh melalui distilasi air terdapat 28 senyawa, sedangkan dengan distilasi air-uap diperoleh 31 senyawa. Intensitas tertinggi pada metode distilasi air teridentifikasi sebagai senyawa α-pinene (15,8%), β-pinene (12,0%), limonene (7,5%), δ-terpinene (8,7%), Terpinene-4-ol (14,4%), α-terpineol (4,9%), dan myristicin (15,6%), sedangkan intensitas tertinggi pada metode distilasi air-uap teridentifikasi sebagai senyawa α-pinene (13,3%), β-pinene (8,8%), Limonene (7,2%), δ-terpinene (8,7%), terpinene-4-ol (15,6%), α-terpineol (7,7%), dan myristicin (13,5%).
Kata kunci: daging buah pala, GC-MS, komponen minyak atsiri, metode distilasi
MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ON EDUCATION QUALITY EFFORTS IN PESANTREN AL-MUSLIMUN SUMBERAGUNG PLAOSAN MAGETAN
Authors: Yurisya Rahman 
Published: September 2019

Improvements to the quality of existing human resources in schools should receive more attention than the development of facilities and infrastructure. Because as written in Law No. 14 year 2005, that HRD is the most strategic factor in national education development and most decisive for the success of an educational institution. This research was conducted to find out how the implementation of human resource development management in an effort to improve the quality of education in Pesantren Al-Muslimun Sumberagung Plaosan Magetan, knowing how the role of human resource development management in improving the quality of education in Pesantren Al-Muslimun Sumberagung Plaosan Magetan, and knowing what factors which become supporters and obstacles in the implementation of human resource development management in Pesantren Al-Muslimun Sumberagung Plaosan Magetan. This research is field research with qualitative approach. The data are generated from interviews, observations, and documentation. While the steps of data analysis in this research with the process, data collection, data reduction, display data, take conclusions and verification. From the results of the research it is known that managerial and operational, the function of human resource management has been done in Pesantren al-Muslimun Sumberagung Plaosan Magetan and proved to play a very positive role. This can be seen in the process, implementation, and procedures in the stages of planning, management, employment, compensation, development and training, evaluation and dismissal. Although there are some light evaluation notes as well as a few inhibiting factors that should be solved and become the concern to be improved in the future. Keywords: Management, Resource Development, Education Quality, Improvement Efforts
DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM IN LEARNING PROCESS AT MTs NEGERI BAKALAN RAYUNG OF JOMBANG
Authors: Fatimah Nur 
Published: September 2019

Keywords: Descriptive Study, Learning Process, Teacher Professionalism Professional teachers are the determinants of education process quality. In order to become professional teachers, they must be able to find to identity and actualize themselves in accordance with the abilities and rules of professional teachers. This research will find the answer of the formula: first, describe what factors can support the professionalism of teachers at MTs Negeri Bakalan Rayung of Jombang; second, describe how the professionalism of teachers in the learning process at MTs Negeri Bakalan Rayung of Jombang, third, describe how the principal's efforts in improving teachers professionalism in the learning process at MTs Negeri Bakalan Rayung Jombang.This type of research was qualitative, and the method of data collection was by using observation, documentation and interview, while the analysis data were inductive, deductive and comparative.The results of this study could be concluded: firstly, the ability of teachers professionalism at MTs Negeri Bakalan Rayung, Jombang was the ability in mastering materials / learning materials, managing teaching and learning programs, managing classes, using media, mastering the foundation of education, managing the interaction of teaching and learning, , recognizing the function of guidance and counseling, know and organize the school administration very well; secondly, the ability of teachers in preparing for teaching is also in very good category. It was indicated that the teacher had prepared the teaching preparation with the correct procedure, each sub chapter of discussion, the teacher had been able to use the instructional media in accordance with its function in delivering the material, and conduct evaluation in every learning process well; thirdly, the effort to improve the teachers professionalism in madrasah is done by the principal and teacher concern. Efforts that had been made by the principal, among others, by holding meetings, upgrading class teachers, and establishing the discipline enforcement on teachers and employees, holding regular meetings among teachers in the field of study and conduct self-assessment.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN BUILDING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS THROUGH TEACHING THE SUBJECT OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION AND CHARACTER BUILDING AT SMK NEGERI 1 BOJONEGORO
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Ansorul 
Published: September 2019

This research discusses how the implementation of scientific approach influences in building students' critical thinking skills on the subjects of Islamic Education and Character building at SMK Negeri 1 Bojonegoro. A combination method called concurrent embedded strategy is used in this research in which quantitative method is used as the primary method and qualitative method is used as the secondary method. The population in this study are 1440 students at SMK Negeri 1 Bojonegoro. Meanwhile, three classes (93 students) of Accounting major in grade XI are the subject of the research. Purposive sampling is used as sampling technique. Data are collected by using observation, interview, questionnaires, and documentation techniques. The data are analyzed by statistic product moment. The result of research showed that = 0,404, when it consulted with r value in table for N = 93, with significance level 5% = 0,202 and 1% = 0,263. So in a significance level of 5% the value is greater than the value, and in a significance level of 1% the value is also greater than the value. When it consulted with the amount of "r" product moment, there is a moderate correlation of the interpretation of variables X and variable Y. In conclusion, there is a moderate correlation between the implementation of scientific approach and critical thinking skills building on the subjects of Islamic Education in SMK Negeri 1 Bojonegoro.Keywords: Implementation, Scientific Approach, Critical Thinking Skills.
PROFESIOANALISM OF ISLAMIC RELIGION TEACHER TO INCREASE STUDENTS’ LEARNING QUALITY IN STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 17 SURABAYA
Authors: Hasanudin Wafir 
Published: September 2019

This study aims to reveal the Professionalism of Islamic Religious Education teacher in State Senior High School 17 Surabaya in improving the students’ learning quality. As well as improving the students’ learning quality in State Senior High School 17 Surabaya. The method used in this research is analytical descriptive research that is a research that aims to give a picture of reality on object that is studied objectively. The source of the research data obtained from observation, interview, questionnaire and documentation. This research took place from December 15, 2017 to February 15, 2018. Research proved that the professionalism of Islamic Religious Education teacher in State Senior High School 17 Surabaya is good enough. Professional teachers are teachers who can be mature, able to control themselves, not easily carried away emotions. Be objective, teachers who have academic qualifications in accordance with their field of Bachelor of Islamic Religious Education, have four competencies (pedagogic competence, knowledge, personality and social competence). So that, students’ learning quality will increase and having quality as expected. Keywords: Islamic Religious Education Teachers, Professionalism, Quality of Learning
The Concept of Al-Qur'an on The Students’ Competence of 21st Century (Study of the Jalalain And Al-Mishbah Interpretation on al-Alaq Verses 1-5)
Authors: Utami Dewi Sri 
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Students’ competence is a skill that must be possessed/achieved by students after learning Al-Qur'an as a guide for those who are cautious, who have provided a lot of inspiration related to the concept of education, especially in the letter Al-Alaq verse 1-5. So the purpose of this study is to find out the content of the letter al-Alaq verse 1-5, to know the students’ competence concept of 21st century in the law of the national education system article no. 20 of 2003, and know what are the students’ competence on 21st century contained in the letter Al-Alaq verse 1-5. This study is a library study (library research) which is qualitative descriptive, which uses documentation and study literature techniques in data collection. While the data analysis method used is the Tahlily interpretation method. The results of this study that: First, the content of this letter is the command to read which is not only limited to the command of reading but also to study, describe, analyze, so that new knowledge arises such as: jurisprudence, Tauhid or Islamic theology, morality, and others. Secondly, as for the relevance of the letter Al-Alaq verse 1 - 5 with the National Education System Law, there is a correspondence with regard to student competencies, namely: critical thinking competencies and problem solving, collaboration, communication, and creativity. Third, the students’ competence of 21st century according to Al-Alaq verse 1-5 is that in the first verse alluding to creative competence, the first and third verses allude to critical thinking and solving problems. Keywords: Al-Qur'an Concept, Students’ Competence on 21st Century, Interpretation Study
Ebe ve Hemşirelerde Duygusal Emek İle Yaşam Doyumu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ATASOY İşık , TURAN Zekiye 
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, ebe ve hemşirelerin duygusal emeği
ile yaşam doyumları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek planlanmıştır.Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini,
bir kamu hastanesinde görev yapan 214 ebe ve hemşire oluşturmuştur. Veriler
bilgi toplama formu, “Duygusal Emek Ölçeği” (DEÖ) ve “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği”
(YDÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde frekans, yüzde,
ortalama, standart sapma, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U ve Spearman Korelasyon
analizleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Örneklemin %32.7’sini ebe, %67.3’ünü hemşireler
oluşturmuştur. Örneklemin DEÖ alt boyut puanları ile YDÖ toplam puanları
arasında bir ilişki saptanmamıştır (p&gt;0,05). DEO alt boyut puanları ile YDÖ
toplam puanları açısından ebe ve hemşireler arasında fark bulunmamıştır (p&gt;0,05).
Mesleği isteyerek seçen, mesleği bırakmayı düşünmeyen ve gelirlerini yeterli
bulan çalışanların, mesleği istemeden seçen, bırakmayı düşünen ve gelirlerini
yetersiz bulanlara kıyasla YDÖ toplam puanı yüksek ve istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı (p&lt;0,05) ve DEÖ ‘yüzeysel rol yapma’ alt boyutu puanı daha düşük
fakat istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p&lt;0,05) bulunmuştur. Lise mezunlarının,
lisansüstü mezunlara oranla yaşam doyum puanlarının daha düşük ve istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır (p&lt;0,05).

Sonuç: Ebeler ve hemşireler arasında duygusal emek ve
yaşam doyum düzeyleri bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark
bulunmamıştır. Mesleği isteyerek seçme, gelirinden memnun olma ve mesleği sevme
gibi faktörlerin yaşam doyumunu olumlu etkilediği söylenebilir.
Glaucoma in Community: An Opportunistic Screening in Cataract Screening Programs
Authors: Rajbanshi Lily 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy for which elevated intraocular pressure is considered as major risk factor. Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness after cataract. Since visual loss in glaucoma is irreversible, management strategies must be focused upon early detection and prevention of disease progression through strict control of intraocular pressure.
Objectives: To estimate the ocular morbidity of glaucoma in community screening camps and to estimate the types of glaucoma.
Methodology: It is a Community based opportunistic screening program. Study was carried out at community screening camps for cataract from August 2009 to August 2010. Five hundred five patients equal and above 50 years were examined in five screening camps conducted in Kathmandu valley. Glaucoma suspects were identified on the basis of shallow anterior chamber, intraocular pressure > 20 mm of Hg, abnormal frequency doubling perimetry (FDP), cup to disc ratio (CDR) >0.7:1, asymmetric CDR > 0.2:1, unhealthy NRR and the other disc findings suggestive of glaucoma. Glaucoma suspects were re-examined in tertiary eye hospital (TIO) in order to make a final diagnosis and provide treatment.
Result: Out of 505, 67 glaucoma suspects were re-examined in Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology. Number of patient diagnosed glaucoma was 17 (3.37%). Of them 9 patients (1.78%) had POAG, 4 (0.79 %) had secondary glaucoma, 3 (0.59%) had normal tension glaucoma and 1 (0.20 %) had ocular hypertension.
Conclusion: Morbidity of glaucoma is very high in community and more screenings in larger scales are needed in order to decrease the burden of blindness due to glaucoma.
Pattern of Occurrence of Ocular Injuries and their Forensic Aspects
Authors: Timsinha Sidarth , Kar Suvarna Manjari , Ranjeetkar Malshree 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: All penetrating or non-penetrating intentional ocular trauma causing loss of an organ or part of an organ and which have as a consequence the facial disfigurement or post trauma sequelae formation have forensic implications.
Objectives: To study the pattern of ocular injuries its forensic implications and meticulous documentation in ocular medicolegal cases.
Methodology: This hospital based cross sectional study was carried out by Forensic medicine personnel in Department of Ophthalmology and Emergency Department of Manipal Teaching Hospital Pokhara, Nepal. A total of 251 cases of ocular injury constituted the sample size. Cases were analyzed according to age, sex, type of trauma, causative agent, and manner of injury and ocular injuries having any medicolegal value. All data was evaluated and relevant information were extracted and entered into a database.
Results: Male subjects 174 (69.32%) were more susceptible to ocular injuries and age group 21-30 years 66 (26.3%) were more predisposed to ocular injuries. The commonest cause of ocular trauma was due to fall on blunt objects 42(16.73%). The most common site of injury was cornea 120(47.81%) and corneal abrasion 65(54.16) was the most common ocular finding. Accidental manner of injury was observed in majority of the cases 230 (91.60%). Ocular injuries sustained were all simple in nature 251(100%) as a result no fatality was observed following ocular injury.
Conclusion: Proper history taking and methodical documentation of injuries not only assist in diagnosis and management of the patient but also holds an evidentiary value in medico legal cases.
Prediction of Stature Based on Foot Length In Medical Students of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal
Authors: Mehta Umesh Kumar , Dhakal Arun , Parajuli Surya B. , Shah Sanjib Kumar 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Stature is one of the most important anatomical parameters for personal identification. Estimation of stature by measuring different parts of the body is valuable in medico legal investigations as well as in anthropology.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to find correlation between stature and foot length and developing a regression equation for stature estimation from foot length among medical students of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal.
Methodology: This is cross sectional study conducted at Department of Anatomy of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal from 15 March 2019 to 15 June 2019. Two hundred (100 male and 100 female) medical students were enrolled in the study. Stature and foot length were measured using standard instruments. The collected data was entered into Microsoft excel and analyzed by using SPSS.
Results: The mean stature in male was 165.4 cm with SD of 8.46 cm, in female the mean stature was 156.5 cm and with SD 6.56 cm. The mean foot length in male was 25.84 cm with SD of 1.73 cm, in female mean foot length was 23.35 cm with SD 1.30 cm. This gender wise difference in mean stature and foot length between males and females was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was significant positive correlation between stature and foot length (r = 0.534, P < 0.001) for male and (r=0.675, P < 0.001) for female. Regression equations were derived for estimation of stature from measurement of foot length in both sexes.
Conclusion: This research found significant positive correlation between stature and foot length in both sexes. Regression equation was also derived which help to predict the stature by knowing the foot length in medico legal cases.
A Comparative Study of Oral Dexmedetomidine versus Oral Midazolam As preanesthesia Medication in Pediatric Patients to Reduce anxiety
Authors: Gauchan Sabin , Thapa Chitra , Prasai Abha 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Preoperative period is a stressful period. In children the preoperative anxiety is expressed as difficult separation from parents and difficult mask induction. The level of preoperative anxiety also affects postoperative outcomes. To overcome anxiety premedication is often used by pediatric anesthesiologist.
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of oral midazolam 0.5mg/kg and oral dexmedetomidine 4μg/kg on parental separation, mask induction and postoperative emergence agitation in children undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.
Methodology: 120 children aged 2-8years undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were divided into two groups: Group M and Group D. Patients in group M received oral midazolam 0.5mg/kg and patients in group D received oral dexmedetomidine 4μg/kg. After 45min of premedication sedation score was assessed in both the groups. Ease of parental separation and mask acceptance was compared in both the groups. In the postoperative period occurrence of emergence agitation was compared in both the groups.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative sedation score in both the groups. Parent separation anxiety score and mask acceptance score were statistically similar in both the groups. But emergence agitation was significantly lesser in patients who received dexmedetomidine premedication.
Conclusions: Premedication with oral midazolam as well as oral dexmedetomidine effectively reduces parental separation anxiety and produces satisfactory mask induction in pediatric age group. However, dexmedetomidine is more effective in reducing emergence delirium in comparison to midazolam.
Head Injury in Nepal: An Institutional Based Prospective Study on Clinical Profile, Management and Early Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury in Eastern Part of Nepal
Authors: Kafle Prakash , Khanal Babita , Yadav Dipak Kumar , Poudel Deepak , Karki Tejendra , Cherian Iype 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are among the worst consequences and are the major causes of death and disability worldwide. It is considered as silent epidemics affecting individuals of all the ages and one of the major burden of neorological disease. Hence, TBIs are often overlooked and are sometimes called “the neglected disease of modern society”. Presenting GCS is the best predictor of outcome.
Objective: The present study aims to portray the epidemiology, clinical profile, its management, early outcome and to evaluate the outcome predictors in a tertiary care center in eastern part of Nepal.
Methodology: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal over the period of 1 year (October, 2016 - December 2017). The primary objective of this study was to review the etiology, clinical profile and early outcome of patients with TBI.
Results: During the study period, 1056 patients with head injuries were studied. Of these 202 cases required surgical intervention and 32 were excluded. Mean age of the study population was 38.7 years with the male to female ratio of 3.49:1. Road traffic accident was the most common cause of TBI (76%). Overall mortality rate was 11.17%. Unfavorable GOS at discharge was 43.5% and 26.1% at three months follow-up.
Conclusion: TBI continues to be a significant burden of neurosurgical care in major neurosurgical centers in Nepal. This study contributes data on the etiology and clinical profile of patients with TBI from tertiary care center of Nepal.