bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights from a systematic review of literature on social enterprise and networks
Authors: Littlewood David , Khan Zaheer 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to contribute to better understanding of where and how network concepts, theories and perspectives, organisational networks, and networking practices, are being studied and deployed in social enterprise research. This is done through a systematic review of social enterprise and networks literature in business and management journals. Key trends and developments in this literature, and gaps and limitations, are identified, culminating in discussion of what next for social enterprise and networks research. The papers in this special issue on “Social Enterprise and Networks” are introduced.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review was undertaken of social enterprise and networks literature in business and management journals. Journals sampled included all those in the Entrepreneurship and Small Business subject area of the Association of Business Schools (ABS) Academic Journal Guide 2018, the journals in the Financial Times 50 research ranking, and selected wider business and society, non-profit management and public administration journals.

Findings
Analysis of publishing patterns of social enterprise and networks research finds that such research is growing, and that varied network perspectives, concepts and theories are being deployed. Social enterprise and networks are also being studied globally, using different methodologies. Nevertheless, there remains scope for deeper theoretical engagement, and for a wider range of network theories to be used. More even geographic coverage is also needed, and further insights can be gained through use of alternative methodologies.

Research limitations/implications
Discussions in this paper have implications for research through outlining systematically the state of current scholarship on social enterprise and networks. In so doing, insight is provided on what is known about social enterprise and networks. But also on what is not known and where further enquiry is needed. Direction is thus provided for future social enterprise and networks scholarship.

Practical implications
In this paper, how, and the extent to which, social enterprise and networks scholarship offers implications for practice and policy is considered.

Originality/value
This paper makes a valuable contribution to social enterprise scholarship. It outlines the state of current knowledge and research on social enterprise and networks, identifying where and how relationships between social enterprise and networks have been studied, whilst also providing insights for what next in future social enterprise and networks research.
Auditors in the financial meltdown: an examination
Authors: Sy Aida , Tinker Anthony M. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the financial crises and the role of auditors in those crises. The paper is concerned with the banking system, as the last financial crisis in 2008 was provoked by the mortgage business and the big banks and risks management.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper choses to use data from corporations, practices and professional websites. The authors use interviews that were available and related to the subject matter. Academic works are also used to discuss the literature review and various issues.

Findings
The paper explores the auditors’ responsibilities and finds that there is a growing concern for auditing. This research is complex, as it discovers that corporate executives in the banking business should be more responsible; this is confirmed by the high risks in the financial area that still persists.

Research limitations/implications
This is a very complex topic; however, the authors designed it so that it can be read and used by non-accountants, that is to say, CEOs and governmental agencies that are in charge of the regulatory system. Further research studies are needed to ensure ongoing discussions about the financial crisis. The Word is not free from such bad economic events.

Practical implications
The contribution is important; this research can be used by organizations, governments and academics.

Social implications
The paper includes implications for the banking and auditing industries. It extends to the public interest.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature for academic and can be used for teaching purposes. Students can understand the paper, as the authors did not use a regression model.
Socially responsible human resource practices: disclosures of the world’s best multinational workplaces
Authors: Greige Frangieh Charbel , Khayr Yaacoub Hala 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the socially responsible human resource practices disclosed by the “World’s Best Multinational Workplaces,” with the aim of facilitating the benchmarking of these disclosed practices.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the “World’s Best Multinational Workplaces” list was a strategic decision in this study due to the rigorous methodology used in the preparation of the list as it concentrated largely on the employees’ feedback, thus ensuring that these listed companies are actually top workplaces. Both manifest and latent content analysis, are applied on 23 of the 25 listed Multinational Corporations’ websites and reports, and company reviews done on these companies by the Great Place to Work for to pinpoint the social responsible human resource practices.

Findings
Most of the practices disclosed are oriented toward enhancing the employees’ work experiences whether that happened through improving their employment conditions or through having a diverse and inclusive workplace. Thus, the employee-oriented human resource management practices got the lion’s share of the disclosures, rather than the legal or the Corporate social responsibility–human resources facilitation components.

Research limitations/implications
The practices that are already used at small and medium enterprises within national contexts were not covered in this study.

Practical implications
It is assumed that businesses can benefit from the practices of these MNCs which are considered as great places to work for, and as pioneers in their socially responsible human resource approaches.

Originality/value
This study is likely to fill an important gap in the corporate social responsibility literature, which gave pint-sized attention to the internal stakeholders, rendering the academic coverage of employee-related practices scarce if not absent
The influence of environmental gradients on individual behaviour: Individual plasticity is consistent across risk and temperature gradients
Authors: Cornwell Tomas O. , McCarthy Ian D. , Snyder C. Richard A. , Biro Peter A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The expression of individual behaviour as a function of environmental variation (behavioural plasticity) is recognized as a means for animals to modify their phenotypes in response to changing conditions. Plasticity has been studied extensively in recent years, leading to an accumulation of evidence for behavioural plasticity within natural populations.

Despite the recent attention given to studying individual variation in behavioural plasticity, there is still a lack of consensus regarding its causes and constraints. One pressing question related to this is whether individual plasticity carries over across temporal and environmental gradients. That is, are some individuals more plastic (responsive) than others in general?

Here, we examined the influence of temporal and environmental gradients on individual behavioural responses in a marine gastropod, Littoraria irrorata. We measured individual boldness repeatedly over time and in response to tidal cycle (high vs. low, an index of risk) and daily temperature fluctuations (known to affect metabolism), in a controlled field experiment.

On average, boldness increased from high to low tide and with increasing temperature but decreased marginally over time. Individuals also differed in their responses to variation in tide and temperature, but not over time. Those which were relatively bold at high tide (when predation risk is greater) were similarly bold at low tide, whereas shy individuals became much more “bold” at low tide. Most notably, individuals that were more responsive to tide (and thus risk) were also more responsive to temperature changes, indicating that plasticity was correlated across contexts (r = 0.57) and that bolder individuals were least plastic overall.

This study provides a rare and possibly first example of consistency of individual behavioural plasticity across contexts, suggesting underlying physiology as a common mechanism, and raises the possibility of correlational selection on plasticity.
Availability and composition of weight‐loss supplements in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayawardena Ranil , Sooriyaarachchi Piumika , Ranasinghe Priyanga , Perera Amila , Hills Andrew P. 
Published: December 2018

AimThe present study aims to investigate the composition and availability of weight‐loss supplements in Sri Lanka and explore the evidence for their effectiveness.MethodsData were collected by visiting drug stores, searching the Internet for websites and referring to advertisements in national newspapers and magazines from August to October 2017.ResultsA total of 100 weight‐loss products were identified of which the majority (n = 57) were available from drug stores. Most commonly, products were available in capsule form (36.0%). The number of active ingredients in products varied from 1 to a maximum of 22 with a total of 155 different active ingredients distinguished. The ingredients mainly originated from plants (77.4%) while green tea (Camellia sinensis), garcinia (Garcinia cambogia) and caffeine anhydrous were the three most common. At least one of the top 10 ingredients was included in 75 of the products sourced. Directions for use were specified in only 72 products, while a further 6 products lacked any information on ingredients. Literature predicted positive weight‐loss effects for green tea and ginger while garcinia was reported for both positive and negative effects.ConclusionsThe ingredients are reported to have both beneficial and adverse effects. Many consumers may find it challenging to make informed purchase decisions as a number of products failed to provide adequate nutritional information and safety measures. Government regulatory authorities should pay closer attention to the availability and provision of products sold to the general public.
Amyloid β‐induced elevation of O‐GlcNAcylated c‐Fos promotes neuronal cell death
Authors: Choi Heesun , Kim Chaeyoung , Song Hyundong , Cha Moon‐Yong , Cho Hyun Jin , Son Sung Min , Kim Haeng Jun , Mook‐Jung Inhee 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss resulting from cumulative neuronal cell death. O‐linked β‐N‐acetyl glucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) modification of the proteins reflecting glucose metabolism is altered in the brains of patients with AD. However, the link between altered O‐GlcNAc modification and neuronal cell death in AD is poorly understood. Here, we examined the regulation of O‐GlcNAcylation of c‐Fos and the effects of O‐GlcNAcylated c‐Fos on neuronal cell death during AD pathogenesis. We found that amyloid beta (Aβ)‐induced O‐GlcNAcylation on serine‐56 and 57 of c‐Fos was resulted from decreased interaction between c‐Fos and O‐GlcNAcase and promoted neuronal cell death. O‐GlcNAcylated c‐Fos increased its stability and potentiated the transcriptional activity through higher interaction with c‐Jun, resulting in induction of Bim expression leading to neuronal cell death. Taken together, Aβ‐induced O‐GlcNAcylation of c‐Fos plays an important role in neuronal cell death during the pathogenesis of AD.
Perceptions of shareholders and directors on corporate governance: what we learn about director primacy
Authors: Adrian Christofer , Wright Sue 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper compares shareholder and director perceptions since the financial crisis on what constitutes effective corporate governance. We find three issues on which they have differing perceptions of good corporate governance: multiple directorships, provision of non‐audit services and CEO duality, and one issue on which shareholders express concern: directors' tenure. Our results highlight the need for regulations and recommendations to more subtly define good corporate governance practices in these areas. Our results also support the theory of director primacy, providing empirical evidence that this description of corporate power is accurate even for issues on which shareholders and directors differ.
Does stronger corporate governance constrain insider trading? Asymmetric evidence from Australia
Authors: Hodgson Allan , Seamer Michael , Uylangco Katherine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigate the role of internal corporate governance in limiting opportunities for ASX company ‘insiders’ to extract abnormal returns from trading ‘own shares’. We show that stronger governance translates into more restrictive insider trading policies and, while not resulting in lower insider purchase volumes, values or profits, it does reduce insider selling profitability. Firm size and increasing trading policy restrictiveness is associated with reduced insider purchase profitability while insider sale profitability is reduced by aggregate governance, trading restrictions and increasing trading policy restrictiveness. We conclude that internal firm governance constrains insider sales but not purchases, providing contrarian trading signals.
Sexuality and sexual health: Policy in Australian residential aged care
Authors: McAuliffe Linda , Fetherstonhaugh Deirdre , Bauer Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the extent and scope of written policies about sexuality and sexual health for older people living in Australian residential aged care facilities.MethodsPostal survey sent to all 2766 Australian residential aged care facilities. Respondents were asked to indicate whether the facility had written policies on sexuality and sexual health and to return copies. Content analysis was performed on policies returned.ResultsSurveys were returned by 1094 facilities. Less than one‐quarter reported having a policy regarding sexuality (n = 237/1049; 23%) or sexual health (n = 129/985; 13%). Less than one‐tenth (n = 74/1049; 7%) returned a written policy; only two‐thirds of these policies were dedicated to sexuality or sexual health.ConclusionMost residential aged care staff do not have access to policies on sexuality or sexual health to guide their practice resident intimacy and sexual health needs are at risk of being ignored.
International publication trends in hepato‐pancreato‐biliary surgery: emergency compared to oncology
Authors: Liang Yi , Lo‐Cao Edward , Punch Gratian , Lam Vincent , Richardson Arthur 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThere is growing interest in publishing trends given the increasing amount of research publication across various specialities. Studies relating to hepato‐pancreato‐biliary (HPB) surgery show an oncological focus compared to benign, emergency and trauma.MethodsAnalysis of ISI JCR impact factors in the Web of Knowledge and the Scimago Journal Rank through Scopus was performed to select four readily available, relevant and frequently read journals from the surgery category. A total of 5265 articles between 2012 and 2016 were categorized relating to emergency or oncology topics. A secondary analysis of PubMed MeSH term was performed to scrutinize trends of publishing over the period 1960–2016.ResultsOf the 5265 articles screened, 2062 related to HPB surgery. Of these, 49% (1007 of 2062) were oncology related. This trend towards oncology‐related topics is continued in HPB subspecialty journals where 51% (679 of 1320) of articles are oncology related. Emergency‐ and trauma‐related topics accounted 10% (198 of 2062) overall, whereas in subspecialty journals, they account for 8% (111 of 1320). Secondary analysis of MeSH term trends demonstrated a now stable trend over the last 20 years of liver and pancreatic trauma to oncology ratio of 1:10 publications, and biliary trauma to oncology publishing ratio of 1:5.ConclusionsQuantitatively oncology topics are published favourably, whereas emergency‐ and trauma‐related HPB articles appear static. This is in keeping with baseline trends over the last five decades. Further analysis could delineate whether publishing in trauma subspecialty journals compensate for this trend.
How I manage children with Diamond‐Blackfan anaemia
Authors: Bartels Marije , Bierings Marc 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDiamond‐Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is a rare inherited marrow failure disorder, characterized by hypoplastic anaemia, congenital anomalies and a predisposition to cancer as a result of ribosomal dysfunction. Historically, treatment is based on glucocorticoids and/or blood transfusions, which is accompanied by significant toxicity and long‐term sequelae. Currently, stem cell transplantation is the only curative option for the haematologicalDBAphenotype. Whereas this procedure has been quite successful in the last decade in selected patients, novel therapies and biological insights are still warranted to improve clinical care for allDBApatients. In addition to paediatric haematologists, other physicians (e.g. endocrinologist, gynaecologist) should ideally be involved in the care of this chronic condition from an early age, to improve lifelong management of haematological and non‐haematological symptoms, and screen forDBA‐associated malignancies. Here we provide an overview of current knowledge and recommendations for the day‐to‐day care ofDBApatients.
Efficacy and safety of prothrombin complex concentrate in patients treated with rivaroxaban or apixaban compared to warfarin presenting with major bleeding
Authors: Arachchillage Deepa R. J. , Alavian Sharon , Griffin Jessica , Gurung Kamala , Szydlo Richard , Karawitage Nilanthi , Laffan Mike 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis retrospective study investigated the efficacy and safety of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) for management of major bleeding events (MBE) in 344 patients receiving the anticoagulants rivaroxaban, apixaban or warfarin during the period January 2016 to April 2018. Median (range) PCC dose was 2000 units (1000–4500). Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) was the most common indication (137/344, 39·8%) for PCC use followed by gastrointestinal bleeding (93/344, 27%). ICH patients more frequently received rivaroxaban (62·5%) or apixaban (52·5%) compared to warfarin (34·5%), P = 0·002; and visceral bleeding patients received warfarin more frequently (24·2%) than rivaroxaban (5%) or apixaban (10%), P = 0·003. Median rivaroxaban and apixaban levels were 230 ng/ml (47–759) and 159 ng/ml (45–255). Median International Normalised Ratio pre‐ and post‐PCC in patients on warfarin were 3·4 (1·9–15·4) and 1·2 (1·0–1·9). Blood products use was the same between groups. Thirty‐day mortality and re‐bleeding rates in patients with ICH were 35% (P = 0·50) and 18% (P = 0·90) with no differences between the groups. Thrombosis occurred in 4·1% patients within 30 days with no difference between groups. Two of 91 (2·2%) patients with ICH only (both on warfarin) had ischaemic strokes within 30 days post‐PCC. In conclusion, there was no difference in the safety (thrombosis) or efficacy (30‐day mortality, re‐bleeding) in use of PCC for MBE in patients on warfarin, rivaroxaban or apixaban.
A GOOD ADVISOR
Authors: Berg Nathan , Kim Jeong‐Yoo 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTEffective education requires strategic consideration. If students doubt the motives of teachers and advisors, then students rationally ignore the advice they receive. Valuable information is lost in such bad communication outcomes and, consequently, the quality of education suffers. In this paper, we argue that an advisor's sacrifice is an essential virtue of a good advisor for efficient communication between an advisor and a student. We model the relation between them as a signaling game. We find a separating equilibrium in which a good advisor (whose objective function truly coincides with the student's own objective function) makes a costly sacrifice that causes the student to believe what the advisor says, while a non‐good advisor (whose objective does not coincide with the student's) chooses not to make the costly sacrifice and, consequently, the student completely ignores the advisor. In fact, it turns out to be the unique equilibrium that survives the Intuitive Criterion. The model demonstrates the importance of making students aware of those aspects of the advisor's objectives that students may not realize are closely aligned with their own (e.g., the extent to which an advisor cares about students' academic and professional trajectories as evaluated by students themselves).
Adolescent self‐harm prevention and intervention in secondary schools: a survey of staff in England and Wales
Authors: Evans Rhiannon , Parker Rachel , Russell Abigail Emma , Mathews Frances , Ford Tamsin , Hewitt Gillian , Scourfield Jonathan , Janssens Astrid 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundAdolescent self‐harm is a major public health concern. To date there is a limited evidence‐base for prevention or intervention, particularly within the school setting. To develop effective approaches, it is important to first understand the school context, including existing provision, barriers to implementation, and the acceptability of different approaches.MethodsA convenience sample of 222 secondary schools in England and Wales were invited to participate in a survey, with a 68.9% (n = 153) response rate. One member of staff completed the survey on behalf of each school. Participants responded to questions on the existing provision of adolescent self‐harm prevention and intervention, barriers to delivery, and future needs.ResultsAdolescent self‐harm is an important concern for senior management and teachers. However, emotional health and well‐being is the primary health priority for schools. Health services, such as Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, and on‐site counselling are the main approaches schools currently use to address adolescent self‐harm, with counselling cited as the most useful provision. Fifty‐two per cent of schools have received some staff training on adolescent self‐harm, although only 22% rated the adequacy of this training as high. Where schools do not have existing provision, respondents stated that they would like staff training, specialist student training, external speakers, posters and assemblies, although the latter four options were infrequently ranked as the most useful approaches. Key barriers to addressing adolescent self‐harm were: lack of time in the curriculum; lack of resources; lack of staff training and time; and fear of encouraging self‐harm amongst adolescents.ConclusionsAdolescent self‐harm is a priority for schools. Intervention might focus on increasing the availability of training to teaching staff.