bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA metabarcoding reveals unexpected diet breadth of the specialist large‐headed resin bee (Heriades truncorum) in urbanised areas across Germany
Authors: Crone Makaylee K. , Fornoff Felix , Klein Alexandra‐Maria , Grozinger Christina M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Host plants required by specialist bee species may be limited in urban areas.
We investigated the effects of urbanisation on Heriades truncorum, a solitary bee species that is a specialist on the plant family Asteraceae.
We examined brood cell number, host and native plant pollen proportions (via DNA metabarcoding) and the nutritional composition of pollen provisions in H. truncorum nests.
Increasing urbanisation resulted in fewer brood cells and higher plant genus diversity in pollen provisions.
Bees collected pollen from non‐native and non‐Asteraceae plant genera, including new records for H. truncorum.
Increasing overall plant genus diversity in brood provisions was associated with decreased brood cell numbers. However, an increased diversity of Asteraceae plant genera was associated with increased brood cell number.
The proportion of native plant genera and native plant pollen were not associated with changes in brood cell number.
Pollen provision nutritional composition was not related to urbanisation or brood cell numbers. Pollen provisions averaged a P:L ratio of ~1:1, similar to Asteraceae.
These results suggest that native and non‐native Asteraceae are equally beneficial to H. truncorum in Germany. Moreover, fewer brood cells at more urban sites and an increased diversity of plant pollen suggests that the overall level of resources, particularly Asteraceae plants, could be limited in highly urban landscapes.
While H. truncorum is not of high conservation concern, our data demonstrate the mechanisms by which a specialist bee with a more narrow or less common host plant specificity could experience nutritional stress in urban areas and provides mitigation strategies.
Attention Control Measures Improve the Prediction of Performance in Navy Trainees
Authors: Burgoyne Alexander P. , Mashburn Cody A. , Tsukahara Jason S. , Pak Richard , Coyne Joseph T. , Foroughi Cyrus , Sibley Ciara , Drollinger Sabrina M. , Engle Randall W. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMilitary selection tests leave room for improvement when predicting work‐relevant outcomes. We tested whether measures of attention control, working memory capacity, and fluid intelligence improved the prediction of training success above and beyond composite scores used by the U.S. Military. For student air traffic controllers, commonality analyses revealed that attention control explained 9.1% (R = .30) of the unique variance in academic performance, whereas the Armed Forces Qualification Test explained 5.2% (r = .23) of the unique variance. For student naval aviators, incremental validity estimates were small and nonsignificant. For student naval flight officers, commonality analyses revealed that attention control measures explained 11.8% (R = .34) of the unique variance in aviation preflight indoctrination training performance and 4.3% (R = .21) of the unique variance in flight performance. Although these point estimates are based on relatively small samples, they provide preliminary evidence that attention control measures might improve training outcome classification accuracy in real‐world samples of military personnel.
Cultural Influences, Experiences and Interventions Targeting Self‐Management Behaviours for Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes in First‐Generation Immigrants: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zhang Min , Coppell Kirsten , Lo Johnny , Whitehead Lisa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo map the existing evidence and identify research gaps regarding the self‐management of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes among first‐generation immigrants ≥ 18 years.DesignA scoping review followed the JBI guidelines and was in accordance with the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews.MethodsA systematic search of CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest, SCOPUS and the Web of Science was conducted. Grey literature and reference lists of included studies were searched for additional citations. Articles published in English from the database inception to February 2023 were included.ResultsWe included 96 studies, of which 28.1% were published within the last 5 years. Most studies (71.9%) were conducted in the United States. Study participants were recruited mainly from community settings and English was their second language. The most common study methodologies used were cross‐sectional surveys and phenomenological interviews. Only two studies specifically focussed on individuals with prediabetes. Multiple factors, such as age, gender, country of origin and other societal, linguistic, cultural and resource barriers or facilitators, as well as patient's cultural unique experiences, were of particular significance for self‐management behaviours. Although several studies reported that culturally tailored interventions were feasible and acceptable among first‐generation immigrants living with type 2 diabetes but not prediabetes, the duration and intensity of these interventions varied.ConclusionHealth professionals should consider various demographic, societal, linguistic and cultural factors, such as participants' low English language proficiency, and provide appropriate support for this group to ensure better self‐management behaviours. Tailoring interventions to individual and cultural preferences in collaboration with key stakeholders is crucial for adult immigrants with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes across diverse cultural and ethnic groups.ImpactDeveloping and applying culturally tailored self‐management interventions for the targeted population, particularly those with prediabetes, should be an important direction for future research.No Patient or Public Contribution.
Leveraging Observation Research to Improve Instruction for Students With Intellectual Disability: Guidance for Adapting Tools
Authors: Lindström Esther R. , McFadden Kimberly A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsStudents with intellectual disability benefit from high‐quality instruction in reading and mathematics.MethodsThis Theoretical Paper outlines the need for effective, evidence‐based instructional practices for this population and the potential for observation research to inform such advancements. We report our systematic process of adapting two widely used observation tools initially developed for students with learning disabilities, to address content and instructional practices relevant to classrooms serving elementary students with intellectual disability.ResultsOur revised observation tools facilitated more inclusive data collection, taking into account the needs and goals of students with intellectual disability, in addition to their peers for whom the original tool was designed.ConclusionsWe offer guidance for researchers and practitioners to make similar adaptations when using research tools intended for other populations or instructional settings.
Relationship between nerve ultrasonography image and electrophysiology in diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Hsieh Pei‐Chen , Ro Long‐Sun , Chu Chun‐Che , Liao Ming‐Feng , Chang Hong‐Shiu , Kuo Hung‐Chou 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThis study aims to investigate the association between cross‐sectional area (CSA) imaging findings of nerve ultrasound and conventional nerve conduction studies (NCS) for patients with distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) due to type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 103 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and collected their demographic data, modified Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (mMNSI) score, NCS, and ultrasonography images of peripheral nerves. The relationship of ultrasound variables for individual nerves and the ultrasound pattern sum score (UPSS) to conventional NCS findings was investigated.ResultsA higher grade of DSPN was associated with a notably higher CSA. Multivariate step‐wise regression analysis revealed that the number of abnormal nerves was a positive independent variable for UPSS (β coefficient = 0.4205; P < 0.0001). Of the five nerves studied, abnormalities of the tibial nerve (P ≤ 0.0100) and ulnar nerve (P = 0.052) were the most significant variables.ConclusionsThe tibial nerve exhibited the most substantial association with elevated UPSS. In addition, a strong correlation was observed between abnormal NCS findings and UPSS in patients with DSPN.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related type 1 diabetes incidence, risk, and survival association
Authors: Kamitani Fumika , Nishioka Yuichi , Koizumi Miyuki , Nakajima Hiroki , Kurematsu Yukako , Okada Sadanori , Kubo Shinichiro , Myojin Tomoya , Noda Tatsuya , Imamura Tomoaki , Takahashi Yutaka 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAim/IntroductionAlthough immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related type 1 diabetes mellitus (ICI‐T1DM) is a rare condition, it is of significant concern globally. We aimed to elucidate the precise incidence, risk factors, and impact of ICI‐T1DM on survival outcomes.Materials and MethodsThe study is a large retrospective cohort study, performed using the DeSC Japanese administrative claims database comprising 11 million patients. The database population is reportedly similar to the entire population of Japan. Patients administered ICI between 2014 and 2022 were enrolled in the study, including 21,121 patients. The risk factors for ICI‐T1DM development and their characteristics were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Development of a new irAE after the day following the first administration of ICI was set as the study outcome.ResultsICI‐T1DM was observed in 102 (0.48%) of the 21,121 patients after ICI initiation. PD‐(L)1 and CTLA‐4 combination therapy was associated with an increased risk of ICI‐T1DM compared with PD‐1 monotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–4.58; P = 0.01). Patients with a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.03–2.46; P = 0.04) or hypothyroidism (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.39–4.43; P < 0.01) also exhibited an increased risk of ICI‐T1DM. The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that patients with ICI‐T1DM showed higher survival rates than those without (log‐lank test, P < 0.01). Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that ICI‐T1DM development was associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37–0.99; P = 0.04).ConclusionsCollectively, the results of this study demonstrate the precise incidence and risk factors of ICI‐T1DM. The development of ICI‐T1DM, like other irAEs, is associated with higher survival rates.
Comparative Success Rate and Adverse Effects of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy Versus Endoscopic Papillary Large Balloon Dilation in Large Common Bile Duct Stones Removal. A Propensity Scores Inverse Weighting Analysis
Authors: Wongkanong Chote , Ratanachu‐ek Thawee , Patumanond Jayanton 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground/AimsEndoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is a standard treatment for common bile duct (CBD) stones. Endoscopic sphincterotomy combined with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EST‐EPLBD) is an effective treatment for difficult CBD stones. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and adverse effects of EST‐EPLBD and EST in treating large CBD stones.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 85 patients with large CBD stones who underwent either EST or EST‐EPLBD, resulting in successful CBD stone extraction from January 2018 to June 2022. Propensity score inverse weighting was performed to reduce the possible bias in baseline characteristics between the two treatment groups. The success rate of complete stone removal in the first session, mechanical lithotripsy use, and adverse events were analyzed by multivariable risk regression analysis.ResultsThe rate of complete stone removal in one session of the EST‐EPLBD group was higher than that of the EST group at 28.78% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.43, 50.1; p = 0.003). Mechanical lithotripsy use was decreased in the EST‐EPLBD group by 25.81% (95% CI 42.33,9.28; p = 0.002). However, the incidence of adverse events is comparable.ConclusionEST‐EPLBD may be utilized in the treatment of CBD stones that exceed a diameter of 10 mm. The EST‐EPLBD increased the rate of complete stone removal in a single session and reduced the need for mechanical lithotripsy. Conversely, the incidence rate of adverse events is similar.
Effects of Essential Oil Blends Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Physiochemical Parameters, Intestinal Health and Lipid Metabolism of Weaned Bamei Piglets
Authors: Du Jian , Dai Zhiqi , Li Cuiguang , Adugna Chala , Wang Yufeng , Li Chunmei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe benefits of plant essential oils (EO) on the health of animals have been frequently reported, but their alteration of lipid metabolism in obese pigs has yet to be explored. This study aimed to assess the impact of EO blends (oregano, cinnamon and lemon oils) on growth performance, meat physicochemical parameters, intestinal health and lipid metabolism in the small intestine of weaned Bamei (a kind of obese‐type pig) piglets. One hundred and forty‐four male 60‐day‐old weaned Bamei piglets were randomly assigned to three groups of six replicates each: CON (basal diet), T1 (basal diet + 250 mg/kg EO), and T2 (basal diet + 500 mg/kg EO) over 28 days. The results showed that T1 trended to improve the average daily gain and feed intake to body gain ratio (p < 0.1), reduced water loss (p < 0.05), and increased the redness of meat (p < 0.05) compared to the CON. In addition, a significant change in the proportion of C17:0 and C20:1 was observed in the meat of T1 (p < 0.05). Improved intestinal health was evidenced by the reduced crypt depth, improved villi‐to‐crypt length ratio, and better superoxide dismutase activity in T1 (p < 0.05). Further study on intestinal lipid metabolism showed that duodenal lipase activity and the mRNA expression levels of lipid transport‐related genes in the jejunum (FABPs, APOA1, APOB and ACSL3) were significantly reduced, alongside diminished serum lipid metabolites (Total protein and triglyceride) in the groups fed with EO (p < 0.05). In short, EO supplementation especially at 250 mg/kg improved intestinal health and inhibited lipid metabolism, which had a positive effect on the overall performance of Bamei piglets. This new evidence contributes to understanding the early regulatory role of EO in obese pigs and their potential to alleviate adolescent obesity.
The interplay between flight feather moult and fuelling in Eastern European great snipes Gallinago media
Authors: Witkowska M. , Korniluk M. , Pinchuk P. , Tumiel T. , Karlionova N. , Meissner W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe great snipe Gallinago media, as a long‐distant migrant wintering in Africa, faces the challenge of accumulating sufficient energy reserves before departing from European breeding grounds. Despite possible trade‐offs in resource allocation, this species additionally initiates moult of flight feathers before southward migration. Here, we discuss the strategy of flight feather moult and fuelling for female and male great snipes from the Eastern European lowland population, exploring their scheduling constrained by the timing of breeding and departure. We found significant intersexual differences in both moult initiation date and the speed of moult. Males start flight feather replacement more than 2 weeks earlier and moult at a faster rate compared to females. However, neither sex completed this process on breeding grounds before the migration, as late in the season all males and half of the females had suspended their primary moult, with the remaining females not moulted at all. Moult of secondaries rarely occurred in the studied population. We observed non‐linear energetic stores gain in the studied period, where both sexes maintained stable and low energy stores until the end of July, coinciding with the primary moulting period. Subsequently, there was an increase in energy stores of approximately 1% of the lean body mass per day, indicating a shift towards fuelling for migratory flight. The overlap between stages of stable and low energy stores and moulting suggests a resource allocation towards feather growth before initiating fuelling. Besides limiting a trade‐off in resource allocation, this strategy may also contribute to minimizing predation risk, as both increased body mass and missing flight feathers may impair flight. Our study describes moult strategy in great snipe conducted on their breeding grounds, highlighting intersexual differences likely resulting from different parental duties of males and females of this lekking species.
Perceptions and Practices of Primary Care Providers in Europe and the US in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Multinational Survey
Authors: Heidelbaugh Joel J. , Hungin A. Pali , Palsson Olafur S. , Anastasiou Foteini , Agreus Lars , Fracasso Pierluigi , Maaroos Heidi‐Ingrid , Matic Jalena Rakik , Mendive Juan M. , Seifert Bohumil , Drossman Douglas A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe knowledge and proficiency of primary care practitioners (PCPs) in diagnosing and managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remain generally low and variable internationally. This variability is partly due to a lack of familiarity with the Rome Foundation diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines for this condition.MethodsWe conducted an electronic survey of PCPs in the United States and nine European countries to assess their understanding of IBS pathophysiology; the use of Rome IV criteria in diagnosis, knowledge of and frequency in prescribing various recommended treatments; and the likelihood of referring patients with suspected IBS to subspecialists.ResultsMost PCPs in the United States and Europe perceive IBS as a diagnosis of exclusion rather than a definitive diagnosis. They also believe IBS is underdiagnosed in primary care and challenging to diagnose confidently. The majority of PCPs consider diet as a crucial component of IBS management. Notably, US PCPs reported greater confidence than their European counterparts in recommending dietary interventions such as increased dietary fiber, a low FODMAP diet, and gluten restriction. Conversely, both groups exhibited moderate to high confidence in recommending over‐the‐counter treatments. European PCPs showed greater confidence in treating IBS with antispasmodics and secretagogues, while US PCPs expressed greater confidence in prescribing neuromodulators. Additionally, US PCPs were more likely to refer patients with suspected IBS to a gastroenterologist, whereas both US and European PCPs showed similar referral patterns to dietitians and referred very few patients to mental health providers. Both US and European PCPs reported that IBS is moderately to extremely difficult to treat effectively and emphasized the importance of a strong and longitudinal doctor‐patient relationship in managing the condition.ConclusionDespite the Rome Foundation recommendations and criteria to support a positive diagnosis of IBS, most PCPs still rely on exclusionary investigations such as endoscopy and a serologic workup, while a significant percentage suggest referring patients to gastroenterologists.
Testing for Threshold Effects in the Presence of Heteroskedasticity and Measurement Error With an Application to Italian Strikes
Authors: Angelini Francesco , Castellani Massimiliano , Giannerini Simone , Goracci Greta 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe address the issue of testing for threshold nonlinearity in the conditional mean in the presence of conditional heteroskedasticity. We propose a supremum Lagrange multiplier approach to test a linear ARMA‐GARCH model versus a TARMA‐GARCH model. We derive the asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic, and this requires novel results due to nuisance parameters, absent under the null hypothesis, combined with the nonlinear moving average and GARCH‐type innovations. We show that tests that do not account for heteroskedasticity fail to achieve the correct size even for large sample sizes. Moreover, the TARMA specification naturally accounts for the ubiquitous presence of measurement error that affects macroeconomic data. We apply the results to analyse the time series of Italian strikes, and we show that the TARMA‐GARCH specification is consistent with the relevant macroeconomic theory while capturing the main features of the Italian strikes dynamics, such as asymmetric cycles and regime‐switching.
Multifocal meningoencephalitis after vaccination against COVID‐19
Authors: Mikami Shuji , Ishii Mitsuru , Yano Tetsuhiro , Hirayama Ichiro , Hayashi Yuichiro , Shiomi Takayuki , Tominaga Yoshiteru , Ishida Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe report the case of an 84‐year‐old male patient who was transferred to our hospital because of impaired consciousness and high fever, and died about 10 weeks after his fourth “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID‐19) vaccination. Autopsy revealed acute ischemic change with microhemorrhage and perivascular T‐cell infiltration in the thalamus, pons, and cerebellum, which were considered to be related to neurological symptoms. There were dilatation of the right ventricle, accumulation of pleural effusion, and ascites, suggesting right heart failure. Although the patient had a negative COVID‐19 polymerase chain reaction test, immunohistochemical analysis for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antigens (spike and nucleocapsid proteins) was performed to identify the cause of death. Surprisingly, only SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein was detected in the thalamus, pons, and pituitary and adrenal glands. The presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein might have been due to vaccination rather than viral infection, because no SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein was detected. The spike protein in the central nervous system might have been related to the acute ischemic change, and that in the pituitary and adrenal glands may have been associated with right heart failure, possibly through dysfunction of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system.
Film Cooling and Thermal Performances of a Blade Tip Winglet Operated in an Annular Test Rig and a Test Gas Turbine Power Plant
Authors: Naik Shailendra , Henze Marc , Wilhelm Manuel , Schiffer Heinz-Peter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the film cooling performances and thermal behavior of a blade tip winglet, which was initially investigated in a 1.5-stage experimental axial turbine facility and subsequently also tested in a gas turbine power plant. The adiabatic film cooling effectiveness was measured in the rotating 1.5-stage axial turbine facility, whereas in the gas turbine power plant, the tip winglet had active internal cooling coupled to the airfoil and winglet film cooling system. For both test facilities, the tip winglet consisted of several fan-shaped diffuser cooling holes, which were distributed in various regions of the tip winglet and airfoil. The pressure-sensitive paint method was employed to measure the film cooling effectiveness in the 1.5-stage test rig, which was conducted for two tip clearances and a range of blowing ratios. The tip winglet in the gas turbine test power plant was operated for a long duration and under various gas turbine steady-state and transient operating conditions. The blade and tip metal temperatures were measured with embedded thermocrystal sensors and thermocouples for a wide range of operating conditions. Measured local film cooling distributions from the 1.5-stage experimental turbine indicated that it was strongly dependent on the coolant blowing ratios but relatively insensitive to the tip clearances and coolant-to-hot gas density ratio. The measurements also indicated that there was reasonably good coverage of film cooling in large areas of the winglet cavity floor and pressure and suction side tip rims. Metal temperature measurements at various locations of the tip winglet from the gas turbine power plant tests, also indicated that the measured values were within the expected ranges of the predicted metal temperatures.