bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutual Influence of ROS, pH, and CLIC1 Membrane Protein in the Regulation of G1–S Phase Progression in Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells
Authors: Peretti Marta , Raciti Federica Maddalena , Carlini Valentina , Verduci Ivan , Sertic Sarah , Barozzi Sara , Garré Massimiliano , Pattarozzi Alessandra , Daga Antonio , Barbieri Federica , Costa Alex , Florio Tullio , Mazzanti Michele 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most lethal, aggressive, and diffuse brain tumor. The main challenge for successful treatment is targeting the cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation responsible for tumor origin, progression, and recurrence. Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 (CLIC1), highly expressed in CSCs, is constitutively present in the plasma membrane where it is associated with chloride ion permeability. In vitro, CLIC1 inhibition leads to a significant arrest of GB CSCs in G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, CLIC1 knockdown impairs tumor growth in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that CLIC1 membrane localization and function is specific for GB CSCs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) do not show CLIC1-associated chloride permeability, and inhibition of CLIC1 protein function has no influence on MSC cell-cycle progression. Investigation of the basic functions of GB CSCs reveals a constitutive state of oxidative stress and cytoplasmic alkalinization compared with MSCs. Both intracellular oxidation and cytoplasmic pH changes have been reported to affect CLIC1 membrane functional expression. We now report that in CSCs these three elements are temporally linked during CSC G1–S transition. Impeding CLIC1-mediated chloride current prevents both intracellular ROS accumulation and pH changes. CLIC1 membrane functional impairment results in GB CSCs resetting from an allostatic tumorigenic condition to a homeostatic steady state. In contrast, inhibiting NADPH oxidase and NHE1 proton pump results in cell death of both GB CSCs and MSCs. Our results show that CLIC1 membrane protein is crucial and specific for GB CSC proliferation, and is a promising pharmacologic target for successful brain tumor therapies. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2451–61. ©2018 AACR.
Telestroke in Catalonia: Increasing Thrombolysis Rate and Avoiding Interhospital Transfers
Authors: López-Cancio Elena , Ribó Marc , Cardona Pere , Serena Joaquín , Purroy Francisco , Palomeras Ernest , Aragonès Josep Maria , Cocho Dolores , Garcés Moisés , Puiggròs Elsa , Soteras Iñigo , Cabanelas Ana , Villagrasa David , Catena Ester , Sanjurjo Eduard , López Claverol Nuria , Carrión Dolors , López Mercè , Abilleira Sònia , Dávalos Antoni , Pérez de la Ossa Natalia ,   on behalf of the Catalan Stroke Code and Reperfusion Consortium (Cat-SCR)
Published: August 2018

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The study aimed to evaluate the impact of a telestroke network on acute stroke care in Catalonia, by measuring thrombolysis rates, access to endovascular treatment, and clinical outcome of telestroke patients in a population-based study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Telestroke network was implemented on March 2013 and consists of 12 community hospitals and 1 expert stroke neurologist 24 h/7 day, covering a population of 1.3 million inhabitants. Rest of the population (6.2 million) of Catalonia is covered by 8 primary stroke centers (PSC) and 6 comprehensive stroke centers (CSC). After a 2-way videoconference and visualization of neuroimaging on a web platform, the stroke neurologist decides the therapeutic approach and/or to transfer the patient to another facility, entering these data in a mandatory registry. Simultaneously, all patients treated with reperfusion therapies in all centers of Catalonia are prospectively recorded in a mandatory and audited registry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> From March 2013 to December 2015, 1,206 patients were assessed by telestroke videoconference, of whom 322 received intravenous thrombolysis (IVT; 33.8% of ischemic strokes). Baseline and 24 h NIHSS, rate of symptomatic hemorrhage, mortality, and good outcome at 3 months were similar compared to those who received IVT in PSC or CSC (2,897 patients in the same period). The door-to-needle time was longer in patients treated through telestroke, but was progressively reduced from 2013 to 2015. Percentage of patients receiving thrombectomy after IVT was similar in patients treated through telestroke circuit, compared to those treated in PSC or CSC (conventional circuit). Population rates of IVT*100,000 inhabitants in Catalonia increased from 2011 to 2015, especially in areas affected by the implementation of telestroke network, achieving rates as high as 16 per 100,000 inhabitants. Transfers to another facility were avoided after telestroke consultation in 46.8% of ischemic, 76.5% of transient ischemic attacks, and 23.5% of hemorrhages. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Telestroke favors safe and effective thrombolysis, helps to increase the population rate of IVT, and avoids a large number of interhospital transfers.
A Survey on the Medical Use of Cannabis in Europe: A Position Paper
Authors: Bramness Jørgen G. , Dom Geert , Gual Antoni , Mann Karl , Wurst Friedrich Martin 
Published: August 2018

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> This study was aimed at investigating the availability and prescription of different medicinal variants of cannabis and their status in European countries. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A ­web-based survey was sent to all member societies of the ­European Federation of Addiction Societies (EUFAS) in 2 waves during the summer of 2017. All 34 member societies in 19 different European countries were invited to participate. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We received 28 responses from 17 European countries. The cannabis extract nabiximol (Sativex®) is the most prevalent cannabis-based medicinal product marketed in Europe. Synthetic cannabinoids and standardized cannabis are less prevalent, and no country allows the growing of cannabis for personal medical use. The bringing of medical cannabis products from across borders to countries where the drug is not marketed is quite limited. The use of medical cannabis is restricted to some central medical conditions, but off-label use is prevalent in some countries. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The use of medical cannabis in Europe seems to be restricted mostly to the use of the cannabis extract, nabiximol. There is only limited use of the cannabis plant as such for medical purposes, possibly indicating a different scenario in Europe as compared to the USA. <b><i>Position Statement:</i></b> EUFAS as an umbrella association of European addiction societies stresses the need for further studies on the efficacy of medical cannabis and warrants for possible dangers associated with the increasing popularity of medical cannabis. We need regulations at European level concerning registration and medical indications, development of uniform compounds and strength of products, and rules concerning sales and marketing.
Wood anatomy and growth ring boundaries of Copaifera lucens (Fabaceae)
Authors: Fontana Cláudia , Pérez-de-Lis Gonzalo , Santini-Junior Luiz , Botosso Paulo César , Nabais Cristina , Tomazello-Filho Mario , Lousada José Luís Penetra Cerveira 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
The wood anatomy of Copaifera lucens Dwyer was studied with an emphasis on its growth ring boundaries. Growth rings are visible to the naked eye and demarcated by marginal parenchyma bands and, sometimes, by thick-walled fibers in the latewood. Secretory canals are associated with marginal parenchyma bands, but not all marginal parenchyma bands are associated with canals. Paratracheal parenchyma is vasicentric to lozenge-aliform. Rays are 1–4-seriate, heterocellular and non-storied. Vessels are visible to the naked eye, diffuse, predominantly solitary, some in multiples, sometimes filled with gums. Crystals present. Wood anatomical characteristics of C. lucens are in agreement with those previously reported for other species of Copaifera. In addition to what had already been described for C. lucens, we observed gelatinous fibers, and some bifurcate fibers, and extremely rare clustered vessels. The growth ring boundaries are well-defined in mature wood but less distinctive near the pith. There are also partial and confluent (wedging) rings, which are difficult to classify by anatomy only, but which represent false rings and complicate tree-ring analysis in this species.
Physiological changes during heartwood formation in young Eucalyptus bosistoana trees
Authors: Mishra Gayatri , Collings David A. , Altaner Clemens M. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTEucalyptus bosistoanaF. Muell. is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. As part of anE. bosistoanabreeding programme, we have tested the hypothesis that there is a prolonged transition from sapwood to heartwood in young trees, resulting in a wide transition zone. This needs to be considered when assessing trees for heartwood quantity and quality. Heartwood formation was investigated in radial profiles in cores from bark to bark of 6-year-old trees with conventional and confocal microscopy, and with a range of different staining techniques that visualised the physiological changes taking place in the parenchyma cells. Using immunolabelling with antibodies against histone proteins and α-tubulin, histochemical staining using potassium iodide (I3-KI) and fluorescence emission spectral scanning, we demonstrated that in heartwood nuclei, microtubules, reserve materials (starch) and vacuoles were absent. The observations revealed that 6-year-oldE. bosistoanatrees contained heartwood. The loss of water conductivity by tyloses formation and the death of the parenchyma cells occurred in close proximity resulting in a transition zone of ~1 cm.
Effects of auxin-transport-inhibitor and defoliation on wood formation in locally-heated Abies homolepis
Authors: Rahman Md Hasnat , Kudo Kayo , Begum Shahanara , Yamagishi Yusuke , Muraishi Takahiro , Nakaba Satoshi , Oribe Yuichiro , Lee Chanhui , Jin Hyun-O , Funada Ryo 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTTo understand the precise process of wood formation, it is necessary to identify the factors that regulate cambial activity and development of cambial derivatives. Here, we investigated the combined effects of localized-heating and auxin on cambial reactivation and the formation of earlywood tracheids in seedlings of the evergreen coniferAbies homolepisin winter. Three treatments were applied, namely heating (artificial increase in temperature 20–22 °C), heating-plus-auxin transport inhibitor N-(1-naphthyl) phthalamic acid (NPA) and heating-plus-defoliation (removal of needles and buds), with an approximate control, for investigations of cambial activity by light microscopy. After one week of heating, cambial reactivation occurred in the heating, heating-plus-NPA and heating-plus-defoliation treatments. In untreated controls, cambial reactivation occurred later than in heated stems. Earlywood tracheids were formed after three and six weeks of heating in the heating and heating-plus-NPA treatments, respectively. No tracheids were formed after eight weeks of heating in heated-defoliated seedlings. Numbers of new tracheids were reduced in heated stems by NPA. Our results suggest that an increase in the temperature of the stem is one of the most important limiting factors in cambial reactivation, which is independent of needles and buds and of the polar transport of auxin from apical sources. However, after cambial reactivation, initiation and continuous formation of earlywood tracheids require basipetally transported auxin and other endogenous factors originating in mature needles and buds.
On the Distribution of Angular Velocity in Gaseous Envelopes Under the Influence of Large-Scale Horizontal Mixing Processes*
Authors: Rossby C.-G. 
Published: August 2018

An attempt is made to determine the limiting zonal wind distribution in the atmosphere which would result from intense, thermally driven, lateral mixing processes. The total thickness of that portion of the atmosphere which effectively participates in the perturbations responsible for the large-scale lateral exchange has a thickness of the order of magnitude of 20 km, while the distance between pole and equator is about 10,000 km. In view of the small value (1/500) of the ratio between these dimensions the atmosphere is considered as a thin shell in which the vertical dimension may be neglected. It is assumed that the mixing process is associated with a tendency towards equalization of the vertical component of the absolute vorticity. On this basis it is possible to account for some of the more striking features of the zonal wind distribution at the tropopause level. Assuming a similar type of lateral mixing to occur in the surface layers of the sun it is possible to account for the observed distribution of its rotation, and in particular for its “equatorial acceleration.”
The velocity profiles obtained through lateral mixing in such thin atmospheric shells are analyzed from the point of view of shearing instability. It is found that shearing instability would limit the zone of constant absolute vertical vorticity within each hemisphere to a polar cap, the equatorial boundary of which would be 30° to 35° polewards from the equator. This result agrees well with the apparent break in the law for solar rotation at about 30° heliographic latitude and with the occurrence of a sharp maximum in the zonal west wind at the tropopause level at the same latitude during the season of maximum lateral mixing (winter season).
Radar Storm Detection
Authors: Wexler Raymond , Swingle Donald M. 
Published: August 2018

The theory of radar storm detection is derived. The power received from rainstorms varies inversely as the fourth power of the wavelength and the square of the range (assuming total interception of the beam by the rainstorm area), and directly as the summation of the sixth powers of the radii of the droplets effectively illuminated. Moderate rain has a greater reflectivity than clouds not associated with rain by a factor of about 106.
Absorption by oxygen and water vapor causes attenuation of the radar beam. In a tropical atmosphere the theoretical two-way attenuation for 3.2-cm radiation over a 100-km range is 48%. Absorption and scattering by rain causes more serious attenuation. For 3.2-cm radiation the experimental two-way attenuation through 10 km of the rain intensities chosen as light, moderate, and heavy are approximately 16%, 51%, and 83% respectively.
For most storm-detection purposes, radar utilizing wavelengths in the vicinity of 3 to 6 cm is more suitable than 9- to 12-cm equipment. Through appreciable distances of moderate or heavy rain the use of 10-cm radar gives greater return signal than 3-cm equipment.
Protocols and Partnerships for Engaging Pacific Island Communities in the Collection and Use of Traditional Climate Knowledge
Authors: Malsale Philip , Sanau Noel , Tofaeono Tile I. , Kavisi Zarn , Willy Albert , Mitiepo Rossy , Lui Siosinamele , Chambers Lynda E. , Plotz Roan D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTraditional knowledge (TK) on weather and climate is an important aspect of community life in the Pacific. Used for generations, this knowledge is derived from observing biological and meteorological variables and contributes to building community resilience to weather extremes. Most of this knowledge is passed on orally and is in danger of being lost due to generational changes, leading communities to seek to preserve the knowledge in other ways.This paper provides guidance on the successful collection and documentation of weather and climate TK in the Pacific by considering four key components: the legal and national context, in-country partnerships, the role of community, and national and community protocols. At the regional level legislation focuses on the protection of culture/TK and intellectual property, which are linked to national policies and laws. Within the national context consideration of the governance structure is critical, including obtaining approvals to conduct the studies. The next consideration is developing partnerships to establish and implement the projects, including working with appropriate ministries, media, donor organizations, and community groups. Community involvement in all aspects of the projects is critical, built on trust between partners and ensuring outputs are aligned with community needs. Following community protocols and procedures allows for effective sharing of TK. We document common protocols that were piloted and tested across four Pacific Island nations, illustrating similarities and differences between cultural groups, including recognizing cultural sensitivities and ensuring custodian rights are protected.
Present Climate Evaluation and Added Value Analysis of Dynamically Downscaled Simulations of CORDEX—East Asia
Authors: Li Delei , Yin Baoshu , Feng Jianlong , Dosio Alessandro , Geyer Beate , Qi JiFeng , Shi Hongyuan , Xu Zhenhua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the skills of the regional climate model Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling in Climate Mode (CCLM) in reproducing historical climatic features and their added value to the driving global climate models (GCMs) of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment—East Asia (CORDEX-EA) domain. An ensemble of climate simulations, with a resolution of 0.44°, was conducted by downscaling four GCMs: CNRM-CM5, EC-EARTH, HadGEM2, and MPI-ESM-LR. The CCLM outputs were compared with different observations and reanalysis datasets. Results showed strong seasonal variability of CCLM’s ability in reproducing climatological means, variability, and extremes. The bias of the simulated summer temperatures is generally smaller than that of the winter temperatures; in addition, areas where CCLM adds value to the driving GCMs in simulating temperature are larger in the winter than in the summer. CCLM outperforms GCMs in terms of generating climatological precipitation means and daily precipitation distributions for most regions in the winter, but this is not always the case for the summer. It was found that CCLM biases are partly inherited from GCMs and are significantly shaped by structural biases of CCLM. Furthermore, downscaled simulations show added value in capturing features of consecutive wet days for the tropics and of consecutive dry days for areas to the north of 30°N. We found considerable uncertainty from reanalysis and observation datasets in temperatures and precipitation climatological means for some regions that rival bias values of GCMs and CCLM simulations. We recommend carefully selecting reference datasets when evaluating modeled climate means.
Momentum Flux of Convective Gravity Waves Derived from an Offline Gravity Wave Parameterization. Part II: Impacts on the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
Authors: Kang Min-Jee , Chun Hye-Yeong , Kim Young-Ha , Preusse Peter , Ern Manfred 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The characteristics of small-scale convective gravity waves (CGWs; horizontal wavelengths &lt;100 km) and their contributions to the large-scale flow in the stratosphere, including the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), are investigated using an offline calculation of a source-dependent, physically based CGW parameterization with global reanalysis data from 1979 to 2010. The CGW momentum flux (CGWMF) and CGW drag (CGWD) are calculated from the cloud top (source level) to the upper stratosphere using a Lindzen-type wave propagation scheme. The 32-yr-mean CGWD exhibits large magnitudes in the tropical upper stratosphere and near the stratospheric polar night jet (~60°). The maximum positive drag is 0.1 (1.5) m s−1 day−1, and the maximum negative drag is −0.9 (−0.7) m s−1 day−1 in January (July) between 3 and 1 hPa. In the tropics, the momentum forcing by CGWs at 30 hPa associated with the QBO in the westerly shear zone is 3.5–6 m s−1 month−1, which is smaller than that by Kelvin waves, while that by CGWs in the easterly shear zone (3.1–6 m s−1 month−1) is greater than that by any other equatorial planetary waves or inertio-gravity waves (inertio-GWs). Composite analyses of the easterly QBO (EQBO) and westerly QBO (WQBO) phases reveal that the zonal CGWMF is concentrated near 10°N and that the negative (positive) CGWD extends latitudinally to ±20° (±10°) at 30 hPa. The strongest (weakest) negative CGWD is in March–May (September–November) during the EQBO, and the strongest (weakest) positive CGWD is in June–August (March–May) during the WQBO. The CGWMF and CGWD are generally stronger during El Niño than during La Niña in the equatorial region.
Downdrafts and the Evolution of Boundary Layer Thermodynamics in Hurricane Earl (2010) before and during Rapid Intensification
Authors: Wadler Joshua B. , Zhang Jun A. , Jaimes Benjamin , Shay Lynn K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUsing a combination of NOAA P-3 aircraft tail Doppler radar, NOAA and NASA dropsondes, and buoy- and drifter-based sea surface temperature data, different types of downdrafts and their influence on boundary layer (BL) thermodynamics are examined in Hurricane Earl (2010) during periods prior to rapid intensification [RI; a 30-kt (15.4 m s−1) increase in intensity over 24 h] and during RI. Before RI, the BL was generally warm and moist. The largest hindrances for intensification are convectively driven downdrafts inside the radius of maximum winds (RMW) and upshear-right quadrant, and vortex-tilt-induced downdrafts outside the RMW in the upshear-left quadrant. Possible mechanisms for overcoming the low entropy (θe) air induced by these downdrafts are BL recovery through air–sea enthalpy fluxes and turbulent mixing by atmospheric eddies. During RI, convective downdrafts of varying strengths in the upshear-left quadrant had differing effects on the low-level entropy and surface heat fluxes. Interestingly, the stronger downdrafts corresponded with maximums in 10-m θe. It is hypothesized that the large amount of evaporation in a strong (>2 m s−1) downdraft underneath a precipitation core can lead to high amounts of near-surface specific humidity. By contrast, weaker downdrafts corresponded with minimums in 10-m θe, likely because they contained lower evaporation rates. Since weak and dry downdrafts require more surface fluxes to recover the low entropy air than strong and moist downdrafts, they are greater hindrances to storm intensification. This study emphasizes how different types of downdrafts are tied to hurricane intensity change through their modification of BL thermodynamics.
The Influence of Political Ideology and Socioeconomic Vulnerability on Perceived Health Risks of Heat Waves in the Context of Climate Change
Authors: Cutler Matthew J. , Marlon Jennifer R. , Howe Peter D. , Leiserowitz Anthony 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Vulnerability and resilience to extreme weather hazards are a function of diverse physical, social, and psychological factors. Previous research has focused on individual factors that influence public perceptions of hazards, such as politics, ideology, and cultural worldviews, as well as on socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect geographically based vulnerability, environmental justice, and community resilience. Few studies have investigated individual socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differences in public risk perceptions of the health hazards associated with extreme heat events, which are now increasing due to climate change. This study uses multilevel statistical modeling to investigate individual- and geographic-level (e.g., census tract level and regional) social, economic, and biophysical influences on public perceptions of the adverse health impacts associated with heat waves. Political orientation and climate change beliefs are the strongest predictors of heat wave health risk perceptions; household income also has a relatively strong and consistent effect. Contextual socioeconomic vulnerability, measured with a social vulnerability index at the census tract level, also significantly affects heat wave risk perceptions. The strong influence of political orientation and climate beliefs on perceptions of adverse health impacts from heat waves suggests that ideological predispositions can increase vulnerability to climate change.