bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marcas de expressão e repressão: Reflexões sobre a homossexualidade na terceira idade
Authors: Silva Byanca Eugênia Duarte , Gadelha Maria José Nunes , Morais Maria Mabel Nunes de , Carvalho Raiany Augusto , Sousa Samara Pereira de , Cabral Symara Abrantes Albuquerque de Oliveira 
Published: October 2018

Sabe-se que a homossexualidade existe desde os primórdios, sendo vivenciada de forma livre. Entretanto, a sociedade atual é composta subjetivamente de muito preconceito, considerando a homossexualidade, uma afronta às normas sociais. Quando a homossexualidade atrela-se ao idoso, o tabu e discriminação intensificam-se, principalmente devido ao julgamento social de que pessoas idosas não sentem atratividade ou não são mais aptas a praticar o sexo. Assim, torna-se importante analisar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos idosos que são homossexuais, problemática essa que gera muita polêmica, preconceito e estereótipos. A homossexualidade no idoso é um assunto pouco estudado, partindo do pressuposto da escassez de referenciais bibliográficos. Portanto, faz-se necessário a realização de mais pesquisas e estratégias, no intuito de ampliar o grau de conhecimento em relação ao tema. Nesse sentido, este estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir de artigos científicos, na expectativa de tentar entender o surgimento dessa problemática, como também, tentar encontrar as explicações relacionadas ao estigma da sexualidade no idoso, tendo em vista, que esta era vista de forma natural na antiguidade. Os resultados confirmaram a existência de um tabu em relação à homossexualidade na terceira idade agregado a dois fatores: a homossexualidade e o envelhecimento. Dois temas carregados de preconceitos advindos de uma sociedade heterossexista. Brand expression and repression: Reflections on homosexuality in old age Abstract: It is known that homosexuality has existed since the early days, and lived freely. However, today's society is made up of a lot of prejudice subjectively considering homosexuality an affront to social norms. When homosexuality harnesses to the elderly, the taboo and discrimination intensify if, mainly due to social judgment that older people do not feel attractive or are no longer able to have sex. Thus, it becomes important to analyze the difficulties faced by older people who are homosexual, this issue that generates much controversy, prejudice and stereotypes. Homosexuality in the elderly is a subject little studied, assuming the lack of bibliographical references. Therefore, it is necessary to further research and strategies in order to increase the level of knowledge on the subject. In this sense, this study it is a bibliographic research, from scientific papers, hoping to try to understand the emergence of this problem, but also try to find the explanations regarding the sexuality of stigma in the elderly, given that this it was seen naturally in antiquity. The results confirmed the existence of a taboo about homosexuality in old age added to two factors: homosexuality and aging. Two themes loaded with prejudices arising from a heterosexist society.
Relación entre la lactancia materna exclusiva los primeros seis meses de vida y el desarrollo de resistencia a la insulina en niños y adolescentes de Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Serrano Norma Cecilia , Robles Silva Adriana , Suárez Diana Paola , Gamboa-Delgado Edna Magaly , Quintero-Lesmes Doris Cristina 
Published: October 2018

Introducción: la lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) es un factor protector contra el desarrollo de resistencia a la insulina (RI) como causa del síndrome metabólico.Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la LME los primeros seis meses de vida y el desarrollo de RI, mediante los índicesHomeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) y Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI).Material y métodos: estudio de cohorte de tipo poblacional; se incluyeron 494 participantes adolescentes, de los cuales se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas y factores cardiometabólicos mediante los índices HOMA-IR y QUICKI para determinar el grado de asociación entre la LME y el desarrollo de RI. Los resultados fueron expresados en medianas.Resultados: la prevalencia de LME fue del 42%. Los resultados sugieren un efecto protector de la LME sobre la resistencia a la insulina, de tal manera que por cada mes más de duración de LME, disminuye en 0,32 (p = 0,005) el índice HOMA-IR y aumenta en 0,70 (p = 0,008) el índice QUICKI. Para la circunferencia de cintura, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el índice-cintura talla (ICT) esta relación no fue significativa.Conclusión: los análisis bivariados y multivariados, indican una relación epidemiológicamente significativa que demuestra un efecto protector de la Lactancia Materna Exclusiva sobre el índice HOMA-IR y el QUICKI.
Competitive Running After Total Hip Arthroplasty: The World’s Fastest Total Hip
Authors: Christensen David D. , Nelms Nathaniel J. 
Published: October 2018

Case:
We report the case of a young man who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteonecrosis at the age of 20 years, and subsequently competed in collegiate long-distance running. The pinnacle of his career was setting the school record time of 3:47.64 (min:sec) in the 1,500-m “metric mile” run (equivalent to 4:05.09 for the “English” mile). This is the fastest known time for any patient who has undergone THA. Excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes had been maintained at 6 years postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Patients who undergo arthroplasty procedures may be capable of remarkable physical accomplishments, but pursuing such feats is not advised.
El camino a la libertad. Eugen Fink y el principio de la fenomenología
Authors: Giubilato Giovanni Jan 
Published: October 2018

Este artículo pretende mostrar cómo la íntima conexión entre fenomenología y libertad constituye el centro del pensamiento de Eugen Fink, quizás el discípulo de Husserl menos conocido, pero que colaboró con el «maestro de la intuición eidética» en los últimos once años de la vida de este. Una parte medular de la concepción de la libertad en Fink estriba en la radicalización de la reducción trascendental, así como en la idea de un transcensus del mundo como ascensión liberadora hacia un principio absoluto. Recuperar nuestra libertad en la filosofía significa para Fink liberarse del mundo con el objetivo de reencontrar su fuente autónoma: la subjetividad trascendental y sus operaciones constituyentes de sentido. Este movimiento de ascenso y de liberación depende esencialmente del papel que desempeñan la reducción y la epojé fenomenológicas, que posibilitan una transición desde la parcialidad ingenua y cohibida de la actitud natural hacia la imparcialidad libre de la actitud fenomenológica. En este sentido, las siguientes reflexiones pretenden servir como prolegómenos para una teoría más amplia de la reducción en tanto liberación, y para una fenomenología como filosofía de la libertad.
Kajian Kriteria Hisab Global Turki dan Usulan Kriteria Baru MABIMS dengan Menggunakan Algoritma Jean Meeus
Authors: Nursodik Nursodik 
Published: October 2018

<p class="IABSSS">In Indonesia, the issue of the beginning of the month always invites polemic differences in the beginning of the month. Especially those related to fasting, Idul Fitri, and Arafah days. Because, many criteria for determining the beginning of the month. And have the disagreement to unite the calendar in an integrated way. This paper examines global criteria Turkey 2016 and has compared them with the New-MABIMS criteria that use astronomical algorithms Jean Meeus. How suitability of both criteria and Implementation to serve as an integrated Islamic calendar reference. The problems were discussed trough comparative study by testing some parameters on cities in the world. In this paper was presented that frequency of conformity values within 100 years in the New-MABIMS criteria is better than Turkey criteria to be made Unified Islamic calendars references. As for Turkey criteria, there are many cases, if implemented in Indonesia.</p><p class="IABSSS" align="center">[]</p>Di Indonesia, persoalan penentuan awal bulan selalu mengundang polemik perbedaan dalam mengawali bulan. Khususnya yang berhubungan penentuan awal puasa, hari raya, dan hari arafah. Salah satu penyebabnya karena banyaknya kriteria penentuan awal bulan dan tidak adanya kesepakatan untuk menyatukan kalender secara terpadu. Artikel ini dimaksud untuk mengkaji kriteria hisab global dan perbandingannya dengan usulan Kriteria Baru MABIMS (KBM) dengan menggunakan algoritma Jean Meeus. Bagaimana kesesuaian kedua kriteria tersebut dan implementasi kedua teori tersebut untuk dijadikan sebagai rujukan kalender Islam terpadu. Permasalahan tersebut dibahas melalui studi komparatif dengan menguji beberapa parameter pada beberapa kota di dunia. Dalam artikel ini menunjukkan frekuensi nilai kesesuaian Kriteria Baru MABIMS selama 100 tahun memiliki potensi lebih baik untuk dijadikan rujukan kalender Islam Terpadu. Adapun untuk kriteria hisab global Turki terdapat banyak kasus jika di­implementasikan di Indonesia.
Investigation of Stress Level Among Dentistry Students, General Dentists, and Pediatric Dental Specialists During Performing Pediatric Dentistry in Kerman, Iran, in 2017
Authors: Farokh-Gisour Elham , Hatamvand Marjan 
Published: October 2018

Background & Aim:Dentists are exposed to stress and tension as they have a close contact with the patients. The increase in stress may affect the dentists’ performance and can be a major threat to the physical and mental health of the patients. Pediatric dentistry requires experience, without which the amateur dentists and students feel lack of self-confidence, and consequently be unable to deal with problematic patients. There is no study investigating stress during pediatric dentistry among the dentistry students as well as general and pediatric dentists in Iran. Regarding the importance ofthis subject, we aimed to evaluate the stress level among the aforementioned three dental service providers during pediatric dentistry.Materials & Methods:This study was conducted on 300 dentistry students, general dentists, and pediatric dental specialists in Kerman, Iran. The data were collected using a questionnaire entailing demographic information and therapeutic practices of pediatric dentistry. After checking the participant’s comments, the data were analyzed usingSPSSversion 16 (IBM, Texas, USA).Results:According to the results, the mean age of the participants was 28±5 years. Out of the 300 participants, 113 (37.7%) and 178 (59.3%) cases were male and female, respectively, and 9 (3%) participants did not fill out this part. Furthermore, 108 (36%), 173 (57.7%), 6 (2%), and 10 (3.3%) subjects were general students, general dentists, residents, and pediatric residents, respectively. Anesthesia injection in the mandible for an anxious child and amalgam restoration in the mandible led to the highest and lowest stress levels in the participants, respectively. Furthermore, the mean stress levels were significantly different between the practices performed in the maxilla and mandible (P<0.001). In addition, the females showed a significantly higher level of stress, compared to the males (P<0.001). The specialists had significantly lower stress than the dentistry students and general dentists (P<0.001).Conclusion:As the findings indicated, anesthetic injection to a nervous infant was the most stressful practice in pediatric dentistry. The results also showed that the pediatric dental specialists had lower stress level, compared to the students and general dentists.
Variation in the Dispersions of Powder Liquid Ratios in Hand-Mix Glass Ionomers
Authors: Mulder Riaan 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The Powder/Liquid Ratio (PLR) influence, and the literature regarding the handling and physical properties of Glass Ionomer restorative materials (GIC) were investigated.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to compare the PLR variability and magnitude in hand-mix GICs, as dispensed for clinical use. From the recorded individual powder and liquid weights, additional comparisons could be made by pairing the various “extreme” outer observations in relation to the manufacturer’s PLR.

Study Design:
The materials assessed were Ketac Universal Hand-mix (KUH), Riva Self Cure Hand-mix (RSCH) and Fuji IX GP Hand-mix (FIXH). Twenty scoops of powder were paired with twenty drops of liquid, as would be the case in the clinical scenario. Statistical analysis was completed with the Kruskal Wallis H test, Intraclass Correlation (ICC) and straight line regressions with One-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey HSD Test (p<0.05 was considered significant).

Results:
The powder and liquid observations indicate a lack of consistency in both the powder and liquid dispersions. The volume remained “one drop” but the weights were much lower than the manufacturer’s recommended drop weight for some observations, due to air in the liquid drop. The Kruskal-Wallis H test indicated significant differences (p=0.0001) between the three materials for the paired PLRs. The One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD Test were used to compare the recommended PLR to the results and the significant differences (p<0.01).

Conclusion:
The recommended manufacturers’ powder and liquid weights were KUH 0.150/0.05g; RSC 0.165/0.035; FIXH 0.18/0.05, respectively. KUH, FIXH and RSCH liquid had powder and liquid dispersions above the manufacturer’s recommendations. FIXH had the most paired PLR observations within the ±10% range followed by KUH. Extreme powder and liquid combinations could occur in the clinical scenario and these combinations were considered.
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence and Risk Factors Among 7-9 Years Old School Children in Muradnagar, Ghaziabad
Authors: Rai Archana , Singh Avnish , Menon Ipseeta , Singh Jyoti , Rai Vineet , Aswal Gunjan Singh 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The aim of this school-based, cross-sectional survey was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of permanent Molar Incisor Hypomineralization among 7-9 years old school children in Muradnagar.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed among 7-9 years old school children in Muradnagar. Estimated sample size was 992 in this study. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used in this study in which schools were the clusters which were selected randomly. The study proforma was divided into 2 parts, first part comprised of demographic status, socio-economic status, questionnaires on risk factors of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation such as prenatal, perinatal and postnal history upto 3 years, feeding pattern, fluoride and other pollutants exposure history, dental history, history of trauma to teeth/face, family history of enamel defects which was asked to the mothers and filled by one examiner in a face to face interview. The second part comprised of recording format of clinical variables assessed by investigator to be recorded by the recording clerk. Molar incisor hypomineralisation were recorded using Modified Developmental Defect of Enamel index developed by Clarkson J.J. and O’ Mullane D.M. in 1989 and dental caries by using Decayed Missing Filled Tooth index (World Health Organization Modification 1997) in which WHO probe was used for examination of dental caries as recommended by WHO in the Oral Health Surveys, Fourth edition; 1997 (Spanish version). Before 1997 modification dental explorer was used for the examination of dental caries. Chi square test, Pearson’s Correlation test, Logistic Regression Analysis and Unpaired t-test were used for analysing the data.

Results:
The overall prevalence rate of Molar incisor hypomineralisation was 21.4% in this study. Age, problems during pregnancy, normal delivery and childhood illness/ infections are the risk factors which have highest strength of association.

Conclusion:
In the present study Molar incisor hypomineralisation was found to affect 2 out of every 10 children examined which was higher than that observed in other studies on Indian children.
Moral Hazard and Internal Discipline: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Li Meng 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
This paper studies, both theoretically and empirically, how subordinates to CEOs can discipline the CEOs' self-serving activities. I predict that because CEOs' self-serving activities hurt the subordinates through the subordinates' stakes in the firms, the subordinates who observe these activities will take actions that negatively affect the CEOs, and that in anticipation of such reactions by subordinates, the CEOs will limit their own misbehaviors. This disciplinary mechanism will become more effective when the CEOs' self-serving activities are more observable to subordinates. Further, the sensitivity of CEOs' self-serving activities to observability will increase (1) as the agency problem between CEOs and their subordinates intensifies, and (2) when external monitoring is less effective. The incentive pay for the subordinates will also decrease with the strength of external monitoring. Using a series of empirical tests, I find results that are largely consistent with my theoretical predictions.
JEL Classifications: G34; M41.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text, except for Glassdoor data, which are obtained by the author under a confidentiality agreement with Glassdoor, Inc.
Economic Costs Attributable to Diabetes in Each U.S. State
Authors: Shrestha Sundar S. , Honeycutt Amanda A. , Yang Wenya , Zhang Ping , Khavjou Olga A. , Poehler Diana C. , Neuwahl Simon J. , Hoerger Thomas J. 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE
To estimate direct medical and indirect costs attributable to diabetes in each U.S. state in total and per person with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used an attributable fraction approach to estimate direct medical costs using data from the 2013 State Health Expenditure Accounts, 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ 2013–2014 Minimum Data Set. We used a human capital approach to estimate indirect costs measured by lost productivity from morbidity (absenteeism, presenteeism, lost household productivity, and inability to work) and premature mortality, using the 2008–2013 National Health Interview Survey, 2013 daily housework value data, 2013 mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research, and mean wages from the 2014 Bureau of Labor Statistics. Costs were adjusted to 2017 U.S. dollars.

RESULTS
The estimated median state economic cost was $5.9 billion, ranging from $694 million to $55.5 billion, in total and $18,248, ranging from $15,418 to $30,915, per person with diabetes. The corresponding estimates for direct medical costs were $2.8 billion (range $0.3–22.9) and $8,544 (range $6,591–12,953) and for indirect costs were $3.0 billion (range $0.4–32.6) and $9,672 (range $7,133–17,962). In general, the estimated state median indirect costs resulting from morbidity were larger than costs from mortality both in total and per person with diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Economic costs attributable to diabetes were large and varied widely across states. Our comprehensive state-specific estimates provide essential information needed by state policymakers to monitor the economic burden of the disease and to better plan and evaluate interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes and managing diabetes in their states.
Fasting Glucose Variability in Young Adulthood and Cognitive Function in Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Bancks Michael P. , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Jacobs David R. , Launer Lenore J. , Reis Jared P. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Shah Ravi V. , Sidney Stephen , Yaffe Kristine , Yano Yuichiro , Allen Norrina B. 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether intraindividual variability in fasting glucose (FG) below the threshold of diabetes is associated with cognitive function in middle adulthood beyond increasing FG.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 3,307 CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study participants (age range 18–30 years and enrolled in 1985–1986) at baseline and calculated two measures of long-term glucose variability: the coefficient of variation about the mean FG (CV-FG) and the absolute difference between successive FG measurements (average real variability [ARV-FG]) before the onset of diabetes over 25 and 30 years of follow-up. Cognitive function was assessed at years 25 (2010–2011) and 30 (2015–2016) with the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Stroop Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and category and letter fluency tests. We estimated the association between glucose variability and cognitive function test score with adjustment for clinical and behavioral risk factors, mean FG level, change in FG level, and diabetes development, medication use, and duration.

RESULTS
After multivariable adjustment, 1-SD increment of CV-FG was associated with worse cognitive scores at year 25: DSST, standardized regression coefficient −0.95 (95% CI −1.54, −0.36); RAVLT, −0.14 (95% CI −0.27, −0.02); and Stroop Test, 0.49 (95% CI 0.04, 0.94). Findings were similar between CV-FG with each cognitive test score at year 30 and when we used an alternative measure of variability (ARV-FG) that captures variability in successive FG values.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher intraindividual FG variability during young adulthood below the threshold of diabetes was associated with worse processing speed, memory, and language fluency in midlife independent of FG levels.