bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticles‐Mediated Combination Therapies for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Shrestha Binita , Tang Liang , Romero Gabriela 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCancer is a dynamic disease characterized by its heterogeneous nature. This heterogeneity results in critical problems that interfere with the eradication of cancer tumors such as multidrug resistance, drug efflux capacity, narrow therapeutic window, and undesired side effects. Nanomedicine has introduced new platforms for drug delivery to enhance therapeutic efficiency of anticancer drugs. In addition to drug delivery, nanocarriers such as liposomes, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metallic nanoparticles can be designed for detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Recent studies support the idea that a combination of two or more nanoparticle‐mediated therapies can result in a synergistic therapeutic outcome to improve current cancer treatments. In this progress report, recent advances in nanoparticles‐based combination therapies are discussed. A brief overview of the complexity of cancer tumor's microenvironment is presented, followed by discussion of combinatorial therapies categorized based on chemotherapeutic agents, nucleic acid or therapeutic proteins, energy‐based therapies and imaging techniques for theranostic application. Different nanotechnological platforms are developed for combination therapy as tools with a great potential to tackle the most critical issues of current cancer treatments. A deeper understanding of these nanotechnologies and their possible long‐term effects in biological systems is needed for further clinical translation.
High‐Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Efficient Delivery of an Albumin Nanotheranostic in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Xenografts
Authors: Hafner Susanne , Raabe Marco , Wu Yuzhou , Wang Tao , Zuo Zhi , Rasche Volker , Syrovets Tatiana , Weil Tanja , Simmet Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a fast growing and strong metastasizing tumor, which presents almost no cellular receptors that can be addressed by targeted therapeutics. In addition, TNBC is often characterized by high tumor grading, fast growth rates, and early metastasis. Therefore, multifunctional drug carriers allowing efficient drug delivery and bioimaging to treat and track TNBC tissue in vivo would be highly desirable. A human serum albumin‐based polyethylene glycol copolymer (dcHSA‐Gd‐Dox) is synthesized combining multiple copies of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin and gadolinium (III) (Gd(III))‐based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. The biodegradable albumin‐based nanocarriers reveal high‐contrast tumor imaging and efficient drug delivery in a preclinical TNBC xenograft model, where the xenografts are grown on the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilized chick eggs. dcHSA‐Gd‐Dox is injected intravenously, and the distribution of the compound is monitored by MRI and inductively coupled optical plasma emission spectrometry. dcHSA‐Gd‐Dox is rapidly taken up into MDA‐MB‐231 cells and exhibits significant cytotoxic efficacy. dcHSA‐Gd‐Dox combines high tissue enrichment with low systemic toxicity and high‐contrast MRI rendering it an attractive nanotheranostic for TNBC.
A Study on the Relationship Between Grain Size and Electrical Properties in (K,Na)NbO3‐Based Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Li Peng , Wu Shuanghao , Li Feng , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe 0.5 wt% MnO2‐doped 0.95(K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.965Sb0.035)O3‐0.01CaZrO3‐0.04(Bi0.5K0.5)(Hf0.98Ti0.02)O3 (95KNNS‐1CZ‐4BKHT) lead‐free ceramics with grain size from 0.31 to 3.83 µm are fabricated by hot‐press sintering (HPS), microwave sintering (MS), conventional sintering (CS), two‐step sintering (TSS), and a combination of two of the above‐mentioned methods. Then, the grain size effects on the phase transition, electrical properties, domain structure, and temperature stability of the ceramics are investigated. The phase structure evolves from single rhombohedral (R) phase to coexisted rhombohedral‐tetragonal (R‐T) phases around 1 µm. The electromechanical properties are strongly grain size dependent. The values of piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and planar electromechanical coupling factor (kp) first rise sharply when the grain size is less than 1 µm, and then increase mildly in the grain size range from 2.55 to 3.04 µm and finally almost remain a constant (≈450 pC N−1 and 54%) when the grain size is larger than 3.31 µm. The R‐T phase coexistence and strip‐like nanodomain structure characterized by an easier switching feature contribute to the high piezoelectric and electromechanical properties of coarse‐grained samples. This work not only clarifies the relationship between grain size and electrical properties in KNN‐based ceramics, but also provides a novel strategy for developing high‐performance lead‐free piezoceramics.
Continuous‐time scheduling formulation for multipurpose batch plants
Authors: Mostafaei Hossein , Harjunkoski Iiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractShort‐term scheduling of batch processes is a complex combinatorial problem with remarkable impact on the total revenue of chemical plants. It consists of the optimal allocation of limited resources to tasks over time in order to manufacture final products following given batch recipes. This article addresses the short‐term scheduling of multipurpose batch plants, using a mixed integer linear programming formulation based on the state‐task network representation. It employs both single‐grid and multi‐grid continuous‐time representations, derived from generalized disjunctive programming. In comparison to other multigrid scheduling models in the literature, the proposed multi‐grid model uses no big‐M constraints and leads to more compact mathematical models with strong linear relaxations, which often results in shorter computational times. The single‐grid counterpart of the formulation is not as favorable, as it leads to weaker linear relaxations than the multi‐grid approach and is not capable of handling changeover time constraints.
Regression of Epileptogenesis by Inhibiting Tropomyosin Kinase B Signaling following a Seizure
Authors: Krishnamurthy Kamesh , Huang Yang Zhong , Harward Stephen C. , Sharma Keshov K. , Tamayo Dylan L. , McNamara James O. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a devastating disease in which seizures persist in 35% of patients despite optimal use of antiseizure drugs. Clinical and preclinical evidence implicates seizures themselves as one factor promoting epilepsy progression. What is the molecular consequence of a seizure that promotes progression? Evidence from preclinical studies led us to hypothesize that activation of tropomyosin kinase B (TrkB)–phospholipase‐C‐gamma‐1 (PLCγ1) signaling induced by a seizure promotes epileptogenesis.MethodsTo examine the effects of inhibiting TrkB signaling on epileptogenesis following an isolated seizure, we implemented a modified kindling model in which we induced a seizure through amygdala stimulation and then used either a chemical–genetic strategy or pharmacologic methods to disrupt signaling for 2 days following the seizure. The severity of a subsequent seizure was assessed by behavioral and electrographic measures.ResultsTransient inhibition of TrkB‐PLCγ1 signaling initiated after an isolated seizure limited progression of epileptogenesis, evidenced by the reduced severity and duration of subsequent seizures. Unexpectedly, transient inhibition of TrkB‐PLCγ1 signaling initiated following a seizure also reverted a subset of animals to an earlier state of epileptogenesis. Remarkably, inhibition of TrkB‐PLCγ1 signaling in the absence of a recent seizure did not reduce severity of subsequent seizures.InterpretationThese results suggest a novel strategy for limiting progression or potentially ameliorating severity of TLE whereby transient inhibition of TrkB‐PLCγ1 signaling is initiated following a seizure. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:939–950
Stable Confinement of Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots on Black Tin Oxide Nanotubes: A Robust, Double‐Active Electrocatalyst toward Efficient Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Liu Yi‐Tao , Li Di , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA conceptually new, metal‐free electrocatalyst, black phosphorus (BP) is presented, which is further downsized to quantum dots (QDs) for larger surface areas, and thus, more active sites than the bulk form. However, BP QDs are prone to agglomeration, which inevitably results in the loss of active sites. Besides, their poor conductivity is not favorable for charge transport during electrolysis. To solve these problems, an electrochemically active, electrically conductive matrix, black tin oxide (SnO2−x) nanotubes, is employed for the first time. Through facile self‐assembly, BP QDs are stably confined on the SnO2−x nanotubes due to Sn‐P coordination, resulting in a robust, double‐active electrocatalyst. Benefiting from their synergistic superiority, the BP@SnO2−x nanotubes deliver impressively high ammonia yield and Faradaic efficiency, which represent a successful attempt toward advanced hybrid electrocatalysts for ambient nitrogen fixation.
Revealing an Interconnected Interfacial Layer in Solid‐State Polymer Sodium Batteries
Authors: Zhao Chenglong , Liu Lilu , Lu Yaxiang , Wagemaker Marnix , Chen Liquan , Hu Yong‐Sheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReplacing the commonly used nonaqueous liquid electrolytes in rechargeable sodium batteries with polymer solid electrolytes is expected to provide new opportunities to develop safer batteries with higher energy densities. However, this poses challenges related to the interface between the Na‐metal anode and polymer electrolytes. Driven by systematically investigating the interface properties, an improved interface is established between a composite Na/C metal anode and electrolyte. The observed chemical bonding between carbon matrix of anode with solid polymer electrolyte, prevents delamination, and leads to more homogeneous plating and stripping, which reduces/suppresses dendrite formation. Full solid‐state polymer Na‐metal batteries, using a high mass loaded Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, exhibit ultrahigh capacity retention of more than 92 % after 2 000 cycles and over 80 % after 5 000 cycles, as well as the outstanding rate capability.
Thermal Enhancement of Upconversion by Negative Lattice Expansion in Orthorhombic Yb2W3O12
Authors: Zou Hua , Yang Xueqing , Chen Bing , Du Yangyang , Ren Biyun , Sun Xinwen , Qiao Xvsheng , Zhang Qiwei , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThermal quenching of photoluminescence represents a significant obstacle to practical applications such as lighting, display, and photovoltaics. Herein, a novel strategy is established to enhance upconversion luminescence at elevated temperatures based on the use of negative thermal expansion host materials. Lanthanide‐doped orthorhombic Yb2W3O12 crystals are synthesized and characterized by in situ X‐ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The thermally induced contraction and distortion of the host lattice is demonstrated to enhance the collection of excitation energy by activator ions. When the temperature is increased from 303 to 573 K, a 29‐fold enhancement of green upconversion luminescence in Er3+ activators is achieved. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the upconversion luminescence is reversible. The thermally enhanced upconversion is developed as a sensitive ratiometric thermometer by referring to a thermally quenched upconversion.
Molecular mechanisms of circular RNAs, transforming growth factor‐β, and long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shang Wenkang , Adzika Gabriel Komla , Li Yujie , Huang Qike , Ding Ningding , Chinembiri Bianca , Rashid Mohammad Sajjad Ibn , Machuki Jeremiah Ong'achwa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAt the heart of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lies disruption of signaling pathways at the level of molecules, genes, and cells. Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been implicated in the disease progression of HCC. For instance, dysregulated expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been observed in patients with HCC. As such, these RNAs are potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for HCC. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of ncRNA, have also been recognized to participate in the initiation and progression of HCC. Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) is another element which is now recognized to play crucial roles in HCC. It has been implicated in many biological processes such as survival, immune surveillance, and cell proliferation. In HCC, TGF‐β promotes disease progression by two mechanisms: an intrinsic signaling pathway and the extrinsic pathway. Through these pathways, it modulates various microenvironment factors such as inflammatory mediators and fibroblasts. An interesting yet‐to‐be resolved concept is whether the HCC‐promoting role of TGF‐β pathways is limited to a subset of HCC patients or it is involved in the whole process of HCC development. This review summarizes recent advancements to highlight the roles of circRNAs, lncRNAs, and TGF‐β in HCC.
Challenges associated with limited‐resources cancer care facility: Bilateral breast myeloid sarcoma as an example
Authors: Khoshnaw Najmaddin , Yassin Ahmed K. , Alwan Alaa F. , Hassan Hemin A. , Mula‐Hussain Layth 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMyeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare myeloid malignancy. It can arise before, concurrent with, or following different malignant hematological diseases, most commonly acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome, or myeloproliferative neoplasms. Here we describe a 30‐year‐old female with AML‐M1 who presented to the hematology department with bilateral breast pain and tenderness. Available diagnostic measures including ultrasound of breast and magnetic resonance imaging were used to determine the nature of these breast lumps. MS was definitively diagnosed via biopsy and the patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy. Despite her AML treatment she unfortunately died secondary to disease progression. The authors consider this case of particular educational value due to the bilateral and aggressive nature of this patient’s disease in the setting of a cancer‐care facility with limited resources.Key Clinical MessageIn retrospect, if breast MS had been considered earlier in this patient’s presentation, a referral to an outside center with matched stem cell transplantation capability may have been warranted after complete remission following first bone marrow relapse, rather than continuing chemotherapy alone.
Integrative Ni@Pd‐Ni Alloy Nanowire Array Electrocatalysts Boost Hydrazine Oxidation Kinetics
Authors: Du Mengmeng , Sun Haijun , Li Junwen , Ye Xiaoli , Yue Fangyuan , Yang Jifei , Liu Yi , Guo Fen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOwing to the oxophilic property of Ni catalysts and their sluggish kinetics toward the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), an ultra‐low amount of Pd is incorporated with Ni to form integrative Ni@Pd−Ni alloy nanowire array electrocatalysts by using templated electrodeposition and subsequent galvanic replacement. The morphology, crystalline structure, and composition of the as‐prepared catalysts are characterized by using FESEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and ICP. The electrochemical evaluation shows that the onset potential of the Ni@Pd−Ni alloy nanowire arrays for HzOR is −0.99 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which is significantly lowered by 800 mV than that for the Ni nanowire arrays. Two possible factors contribute to the robust HzOR kinetics: 1) the metallization of Ni by the PdHx; 2) the heterogeneous catalytic pathway on the Pd−Ni alloy. Furthermore, the innovative structure also endows Ni@Pd−Ni alloy nanowire arrays with considerable durability, indicating it as a promising anode electrocatalyst for HzOR‐assisted hydrogen production and simultaneous hydrazine‐containing sewage treatment.
Recent developments of the Component Method
Authors: Rasmussen Kim J. R. , Zhao Xianzhong , Yan Shen , Dai Liusi , Zhu Chen , Jiang Luli 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe Component Method is well established and incorporated in Part 1.8 of Eurocode3 for the design of connections of steel frameworks. It is primarily intended to provide the elastic joint stiffness, although Part 1.8 includes provisions for also determining the inelastic moment‐rotation response from the elastic limit to the ultimate moment. The latter provisions are empirical and use an established experimentally‐based nonlinear equation to define the inelastic response.The Component Method has been further developed in recent years to determine the inelastic response using bi‐linear springs with elastic and inelastic ranges. Procedures have also been developed at the University of Sydney to extend the Method into the post‐ultimate range by defining tri‐linear springs with elastic, inelastic and softening ranges. As well, recent research at the University of Sydney has produced a simple way to predict the moment‐rotation response under fracture of components, thus enabling the Method to capture the full moment‐rotation behaviour.The ability of the Method to predict full‐range moment‐rotation behaviour is especially useful for design by advanced analysis and progressive collapse analysis, as it allows both members and connections to be checked for stiffness and strength as part of the analysis.In parallel, an ongoing joint project between Sydney University and Tongji University on the strength of beam‐to‐upright connections in rack structures has extended to Component Method to cold‐formed steel connections which include tang‐connectors and bolts. The paper provides an overview of these recent developments of the Component Method, including the opportunity to incorporate the Method in a fully nonlinear procedure for the direct design of steel frameworks including connections by advanced analysis, also referred to as the Direct Design Method.
Molecular Structure and Magnetic and Optical Properties of Endometallonitridofullerene Sc3N@Ih‐C80 in Neutral, Radical Anion, and Dimeric Anionic Forms
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Popov Alexey A. , Zorina Leokadiya V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Lyubovskaya Rimma N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA series of compounds with Sc3N@Ih‐C80 in the neutral, monomeric, and dimeric anion states have been prepared in the crystalline form and their molecular structures and optical and magnetic properties have been studied. The neutral Sc3N@Ih‐C80⋅3 C6H4Cl2 (1) and (Sc3N@Ih‐C80)3(TPC)2⋅5 C6H4Cl2 (2, TPC=triptycene) compounds both crystallized in a high‐symmetry trigonal structure. The reduction of Sc3N@Ih‐C80 to the radical anion resulted in dimerization to form diamagnetic singly bonded (Sc3N@Ih‐C80−)2 dimers. In contrast to {[2.2.2]cryptand(Na+)}2(Sc3N@Ih‐C80−)2⋅2.5 C6H4Cl2 (3) with strongly disordered components, we synthesized new dimeric phases {[2.2.2]cryptand‐ (K+)}2(Sc3N@Ih‐C80−)2⋅2 C6H4Cl2 (4) and {[2.2.2]cryptand‐ (Cs+)}2(Sc3N@Ih‐C80−)2⋅2 C6H4Cl2 (5) in which only one major dimer orientation was found. The thermal stability of the (Sc3N@Ih‐C80−)2 dimers was studied by EPR analysis of 3 to show their dissociation in the 400–460 K range producing monomeric Sc3N@Ih‐C80.− radical anions. This species shows an EPR signal with a hyperfine splitting of 5.8 mT. The energy of the intercage C−C bond was estimated to be 234±7 kJ mol−1, the highest value among negatively charged fullerene dimers. The EPR spectra of crystalline (Bu3MeP+)3(Sc3N@Ih‐C80.−)3⋅C6H4Cl2 (6) are presented for the first time. The salt shows an asymmetric EPR signal, which could be fitted by three lines. Two lines were attributed to Sc3N@Ih‐C80.−. Hyperfine splitting is manifested above 180 K due to the hyperfine interaction of the electron spin with the three scandium atoms (a total of 22 lines with an average splitting of 5.32 mT are observed at 220 K). Furthermore, each of the 22 lines is additionally split into six lines with an average separation of 0.82 mT. The large splitting indicates intrinsic charge and spin density transfer from the fullerene cage to the Sc3N cluster. Both the monomeric and dimeric Sc3N@Ih‐C80− anions show an intrinsic shift of the IR bands attributed to the Sc3N cluster and new bands corresponding to these species appear in the NIR range of their UV/Vis/NIR spectra, which allows these anions to be distinguished from neutral species.
Synthesis of 5‐Alkyl‐ and 5‐Phenylamino‐Substituted Azothiazole Dyes with Solvatochromic and DNA‐Binding Properties
Authors: Pithan Phil M. , Kuhlmann Christopher , Engelhard Carsten , Ihmels Heiko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA series of new 5‐mono‐ and 5,5′‐bisamino‐substituted azothiazole derivatives was synthesized from the readily available diethyl azothiazole‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate. This reaction most likely comprises an initial Michael‐type addition by the respective primary alkyl and aromatic amines at the carbon atom C5 of the substrate. Subsequently, the resulting intermediates are readily oxidized by molecular oxygen to afford the amino‐substituted azothiazole derivatives. The latter exhibit remarkably red‐shifted absorption bands (λabs=507–661 nm) with high molar extinction coefficients and show a strong positive solvatochromism. As revealed by spectrometric titrations and circular and linear dichroism studies, the water‐soluble, bis‐(dimethylaminopropylamino)‐substituted azo dye associates with duplex DNA by formation of aggregates along the phosphate backbone at high ligand–DNA ratios (LDR) and by intercalation at low LDR, which also leads to a significant increase of the otherwise low emission intensity at 671 nm.
Computational model demonstrates that Ndc80‐associated proteins strengthen kinetochore‐microtubule attachments in metaphase
Authors: Campbell Samuel , Amin Mohammed A. , Varma Dileep , Bidone Tamara C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChromosome segregation is mediated by spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochore via dynamic protein complexes, such as Ndc80, Ska, Cdt1 and ch‐TOG during mitotic metaphase. While experimental studies have previously shown that these proteins and protein complexes are all essential for maintaining a stable kinetochore‐microtubule (kMT) interface, their exact roles in the mitotic metaphase remains elusive. In this study, we employed experimental and computational methods in order to characterize how these proteins can strengthen kMT attachments in both nonload‐bearing and load‐bearing conditions, typical of prometaphase and metaphase, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining of HeLa cells showed that the levels of Ska and Cdt1 significantly increased from prometaphase to metaphase, while levels of the Ndc80 complex remained unchanged. Our new computational model showed that by incorporating binding and unbinding of each protein complex coupled with a biased diffusion mechanism, the displacement of a possible complex formed by Ndc80‐Ska‐Cdt1 is significantly higher than that of Ndc80 alone or Ndc80‐Ska. In addition, when we incorporate Ndc80/ch‐TOG in the model, rupture force and time of attachment of the kMT interface increases. These results support the hypothesis that Ndc80‐associated proteins strengthen kMT attachments, and that the interplay between kMT protein complexes in metaphase ensures stable attachments.