bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GUEST EDITORIAL—SPECIAL ISSUE: Mapping and modelling soil erosion to address societal challenges in a changing world
Authors: Smetanová Anna , Nunes João Pedro , Symeonakis Elias , Brevik Eric , Schindelwolf Marcus , Ciampalini Rossano 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpecial issue Mapping and Modelling Soil Erosion to Address Societal Challenges in a Changing World presents advances in interdisciplinary methodologies for the study of the soil erosion/land management/climate change nexus, with a focus on societal challenges linked to land degradation. Contribution of 22 research teams active in 17 countries all over the world provided a global perspective on how soil erosion research contributes to meet societal challenges of our time. The authors conclude that (a) inclusive representation of non‐linear system feedback between erosion and land management; (b) combination of mapping, measuring, monitoring, and modelling methods on different temporal and spatial scales; and (c) inclusive, cooperative interdisciplinary research approaches are inevitable to support management aiming for land degradation neutrality.
The mechanism(s) of action of antioxidants: From scavenging reactive oxygen/nitrogen species to redox signaling and the generation of bioactive secondary metabolites
Authors: Hunyadi Attila 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSmall molecule, dietary antioxidants exert a remarkably broad range of bioactivities, and many of these can be explained by the influence of antioxidants on the redox homeostasis. Such compounds help to modulate the levels of harmful reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and therefore participate in the regulation of various redox signaling pathways. However, upon ingestion, antioxidants usually undergo extensive metabolism that can generate a wide range of bioactive metabolites. This makes it difficult, but otherwise a need, to identify the ones responsible for the different activities of antioxidants. By better understanding their ways of action, the use of antioxidants in therapy can be improved.This review provides a summary on the role of the in vivo metabolic changes and the oxidized metabolites on the mechanisms behind the bioactivity of antioxidants. A special attention is given to metabolites described as products of biomimetic oxidative chemical reactions, which can be considered as models of free radical scavenging. During such reactions a wide variety of metabolites are formed, and they can exert completely different specific bioactivities as compared to their parent antioxidants. This implies that exploring the free radical scavenging‐related metabolite fingerprint of each antioxidant molecule, collectively defined here as the scavengome, will lead to a deeper understanding of the bioactivity of these compounds.Furthermore, this paper aims to be a working tool for systematic studies on oxidized metabolic fingerprints of antioxidants, which will certainly reveal an often‐neglected segment of chemical space that is a treasury of bioactive compounds.
Flow‐based in vivo NMR spectroscopy of small aquatic organisms
Authors: Soong Ronald , Liaghati Mobarhan Yalda , Tabatabaei Maryam , Bastawrous Monica , Biswas Rajshree Ghosh , Simpson Myrna , Simpson Andre 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNMR applied to living organisms is arguably the ultimate tool for understanding environmental stress responses and can provide desperately needed information on toxic mechanisms, synergistic effects, sublethal impacts, recovery, and biotransformation of xenobiotics. To perform in vivo NMR spectroscopy, a flow cell system is required to deliver oxygen and food to the organisms while maintaining optimal line shape for NMR spectroscopy. In this tutorial, two such flow cell systems and their constructions are discussed: (a) a single pump high‐volume flow cell design is simple to build and ideal for organisms that do not require feeding (i.e., eggs) and (b) a more advanced low‐volume double pump flow cell design that permits feeding, maintains optimal water height for water suppression, improves locking and shimming, and uses only a small recirculating volume, thus reducing the amount of xenobiotic required for testing. In addition, key experimental aspects including isotopic enrichment, water suppression, and 2D experiments for both 13C enriched and natural abundance organisms are discussed.
Body composition in patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Ceballos‐Sáenz Delia , Zapata‐Aldana Eugenio , Singeris Stephanie , Hicks Rhiannon , Johnson Nicholas , Campbell Craig 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionCongenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by severe hypotonia and muscle weakness at birth that tends to improve with age. Understanding lean body and bone mass in this population has important research and clinical implications. The main objective of this study was to determine whether older children with CDM had muscle mass similar to healthy controls.MethodsThirty‐five patients with CDM (3‐13 years old) were enrolled. We analyzed lean body mass (LBM) and bone mineral content using the mechanostat framework, which allows calculation of z‐scores for sex, age, and height.ResultsAll patients had low LBM z‐scores (muscle mass); however, higher LBM z‐score was positively correlated with age (r = 0.45, P = 0.006), showing that it is closer to normal in older patients.DiscussionUnlike other neuromuscular diseases, older children with CDM have a muscle mass closer to age‐matched controls, consistent with the clinical profile of increasing strength in childhood. Muscle Nerve 60: 176–179, 2019
Variation in Bluegill Catch Rates and Total Length Distributions among Four Sampling Gears Used in Two Wisconsin Lakes Dominated by Small Fish
Authors: Sullivan Christopher J. , Embke Holly S. , Perales K. Martin , Carpenter Stephen R. , Vander Zanden M. Jake , Isermann Daniel A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Many Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus populations are dominated by fish ≤125 mm total length (TL) that may be underrepresented when using standard sampling gears. To identify efficient sampling methods for these populations, we compared catch per unit effort (CPUE) and TL frequency distributions of Bluegill captured in cloverleaf traps, boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and beach seine hauls from two northern Wisconsin lakes supporting populations dominated by fish ≤125 mm TL. Mean Bluegill CPUE ranged from 41 (SE = 11) fish per cloverleaf trap lift to 16 (SE = 8) fish per beach seine haul. Cloverleaf traps generally captured smaller Bluegill relative to other gears and were the only gear to consistently capture Bluegill ≤80 mm TL. Conversely, boat electrofishing captured the widest TL range of Bluegill, and fish ≥80 mm TL composed a greater proportion of catch (37%) relative to other gears. With few exceptions, the effort required to detect 10% or 25% changes in Bluegill CPUE was &gt;100 units of effort regardless of lake, sampling gear, or month. Furthermore, there was no consistency between lakes or months in terms of which sampling gear required the fewest number of samples to detect a 50% change in CPUE. Estimated units of effort needed to detect 10% or 25% changes in mean Bluegill TL were ≤16 for all sampling gears on the lake with consistently higher CPUE (i.e., more fish to measure per unit). In the lake with lower CPUE, cloverleaf traps consistently required less effort to detect changes in mean TL. We note that comparing sample size requirements among gears is not straightforward because gears are sampling differing segments of the Bluegill population. Our study emphasizes the importance of evaluating gear biases and sampling efficiency so that fisheries managers can develop suitable sampling protocols.
Numerical modeling of fracturing in permeable rocks via a micromechanical continuum model
Authors: Eghbalian Mahdad , Wan Richard , Pouragha Mehdi , Fung Larry S. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe paper presents a micromechanical approach to describe the failure of low‐permeability brittle rocks as a multiscale fracturing process based on a poroelastic microcrack‐damage model. Failure is formulated deep down at the fine pore scale as a material degradation phenomenon driven by microcrack growth that also impacts upon hydromechanical properties. A set of damage tensors describes the effect of dual‐scale porosities (nanopores and microcracks) on both the hydraulic and poroelastic rock properties. Essentially, the multiscale model reconstructs the coupling effect of hydromechanical forces at the continuum level from the ground up through the upscaling of multiphase interactions at the fundamental structural level of the material. As a result, many macroscopic characteristics emerge naturally such as friction angle, fracture properties, and most importantly, Biot's coefficient taking on a tensorial form that is generally anisotropic. The model is validated within the framework of finite elements to illustrate various baseline constitutive features such as the effect of microcrack growth on the nonlinear stress‐strain response and the induced anisotropy in the context of lab experimental tests and boundary value problems. Heterogeneities of the rock samples were incorporated by choosing material properties to be stochastic following Weibull and lognormal distributions. Numerical results appropriately replicated typical experimental observations where fracture localization and propagation are shown to be a multiscale phenomenon emerging from microcrack growth and coalescence at the microscale, with concomitant enhancement in fluid conductivity.
Chronic high‐fat diet decreased detrusor mitochondrial respiration and increased nerve‐mediated contractions
Authors: Powers Shelby A. , Ryan Terence E. , Pak Elena S. , Fraser Matthew O. , McClung Joseph M. , Hannan Johanna L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess the impact of chronic high‐fat diet (HFD) on behavioral voiding patterns, detrusor contractility, and smooth muscle mitochondrial function in male mice.Materials and MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice (6 weeks) were fed a control or HFD for 20 weeks. Bladder function was assessed by void spot assays. Bladders were collected and detrusor contractility to carbachol (10−9‐10−5 M), and electrical field stimulation (EFS, 0.5–32 Hz) in the presence and absence of atropine was measured. Homogenized detrusor samples were placed in oxygraphs to assess the rate of oxygen consumption of the mitochondria within the detrusor in the presence of different substrates. Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission was measured fluorometrically. Detrusor citrate synthase activity was measured via enzyme activity kit and Western blots assessed the electron transport chain (ETC) protein content.ResultsHFD significantly increased body weight, adiposity, and blood glucose levels. HFD mice demonstrated increased voiding frequency and increased EFS‐induced detrusor contractility. There were no changes in detrusor relaxation or cholinergic‐medicated contraction. Mitochondrial respiration was decreased with HFD and H2O
2 emission was increased. The relative amount of mitochondria in the detrusor was similar between groups. However, ETC complexes V and III were increased following HFD.ConclusionsChronic HFD increased adiposity, lead to more frequent voiding, and enhanced EFS‐mediated detrusor contractions. Mitochondrial respiration was decreased and H2O
2 emission increased following HFD. Further research is required to determine if alterations in mitochondrial function could play a role in the development of HFD‐induced bladder dysfunction.
Heterogeneous impacts of community forestry on forest conservation and poverty alleviation: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Santika Truly , Wilson Kerrie A. , Budiharta Sugeng , Kusworo Ahmad , Meijaard Erik , Law Elizabeth A. , Friedman Rachel , Hutabarat Joseph A. , Indrawan Tito P. , St. John Freya A. V. , Struebig Matthew J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Community forestry is a participatory approach aiming to achieve sustainable forest management while also reducing poverty among rural communities. Yet, evidence of the impacts of community forestry programmes on both forest conservation and poverty alleviation is scarce, and there is limited understanding of impacts across different social and biophysical contexts.

We applied a matching method to assess the extent to which deforestation has decreased and village well‐being has improved as a result of Indonesia's community forestry scheme, Hutan Desa (Village Forest). We assessed five dimensions of well‐being: basic (living conditions), physical (access to health and education), financial (income support), social (security and equity) and environmental (natural hazard prevention).

We found that Hutan Desa was associated with reduced deforestation and poverty. ‘Win‐win’ outcomes were found in 51% of cases, comprising (a) positive outcomes for both forests and poverty, (b) a positive outcome for one aspect and a negligible outcome for the other, or (c) a positive outcome for poverty in areas where natural forest had already been lacking prior to Hutan Desa tenure. Benefits to forests and people systematically differed depending on land‐use zones, reflecting subtle interactions between anthropogenic pressures and community livelihood characteristics.

In Watershed Protection Zones, which are dominated by subsistence‐based forest livelihoods, community forestry provided mild conservation benefits, but resulted in the greatest improvements in well‐being through improved land tenure. In Limited Production Zones, community forestry provided modest benefits for both conservation and well‐being because restrictions on timber harvest due to Hutan Desa designation reduced the financial well‐being of logging communities. The greatest conservation benefits were experienced in Permanent or Convertible Production Zones, but well‐being improvements were minimal. Here, living conditions and environmental well‐being were reduced due to pressure to intensify agricultural production under increased land scarcity in these predominantly cash crop‐oriented communities.

Our results highlight the spatial and contextual variation in impacts of community forestry policies on poverty alleviation and forest conservation outcomes. Crucially, our study provides vital objective information for future policy development in Indonesia and other tropical countries implementing community forestry schemes.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Observer‐based event‐triggered control for singularly perturbed systems with saturating actuator
Authors: Yan Yifang , Yang Chunyu , Ma Xiaoping , Zhou Linna 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates an observer‐based event‐triggered control problem of singularly perturbed systems with saturating actuator. A strategy that consists of an observer‐based controller (OBC) and an event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is considered. Firstly, sufficient conditions, which guarantee that the saturated SPSs are asymptotically stable excluding Zeno phenomenon, are derived via constructing an ε‐dependent Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional. Then, the OBC and ETM are designed simultaneously based on the aforementioned criteria. Furthermore, an estimate of the basin of attraction and an ε‐bound are given by solving an optimization problem in the form of LMIs. Finally, an electric circuit system and a numerical example are presented to demonstrate the merits of the obtained method.
Straightforward Access to 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxides and Quinazolines via Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Condensation of Amines
Authors: Gopalaiah Kovuru , Tiwari Ankit , Choudhary Renu , Mahiya Kuldeep 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel and straightforward approach for constructing 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxides from 2‐aminobenzenesulfonamide and benzylamines via oxidative condensation has been explored. Abundant and cheap iron salt as a catalyst and air as an oxidant were employed, which makes the process more practical and economical. This reaction protocol was further applied to synthesize diverse functionalized quinazolines through oxidative condensation of 2‐aminobenzylamines with benzylamines. Besides this, the use of amino acid such as phenylglycine as benzylamine surrogate has also been tested for the construction of 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxide and quinazoline derivatives. The proposed mechanistic pathway has been validated by isolating the key intermediates.
Fluorinated Polymer Mediated Transmucosal Peptide Delivery for Intravesical Instillation Therapy of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Li Guangzhi , Lei Qifang , Wang Fei , Deng Dashi , Wang Shupeng , Tian Longlong , Shen Wanwan , Cheng Yiyun , Liu Zhuang , Wu Song 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSurgical intervention combined with intravesical instillation of chemotherapeutics to clear residual cancer cells after operation is the current standard treatment method for bladder cancer. However, the poor bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients for bladder cancer cells on account of the biological barriers of bladder mucosa, together with significant side effects of currently used intravesical medicine, have limited the clinical outcomes of localized adjuvant therapy for bladder cancer. Aiming at improved intravesical instillation therapy of bladder cancer, a fluorinated polyethylenimine (F‐PEI) is employed here for the transmucosal delivery of an active venom peptide, polybia‐mastoparan I (MPI), which shows selective antiproliferative effect against various bladder cancer cell lines. Upon simple mixing, MPI and F‐PET would coassemble to form stable nanoparticles, which show greatly improved cross‐membrane and transmucosal penetration capacities compared with MPI alone or nonfluorinated MPI/PEI nanoparticles. MPI/F‐PEI shows higher in vivo tumor growth inhibition efficacy for local treatment of a subcutaneous tumor model. More excitingly, as further demonstrated in an orthotopic bladder cancer model, MPI/F‐PEI offers remarkably improved therapeutic effects compared to those achieved by free MPI or the first‐line bladder cancer drug mitomycin C. This work presents a new transmucosal delivery carrier particularly promising for intravesical instillation therapy of bladder cancer.
Nanosilica‐Confined Synthesis of Orthogonally Active Catalytic Metal Nanocrystals in the Compartmentalized Carbon Framework
Authors: Lee Seon Hee , Kumari Nitee , Dutta Soumen , Jin Xing , Kumar Amit , Koo Jung Hun , Lee In Su 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultifunctionalized porous catalytic nanoarchitectures are highly desirable for a variety of chemical transformations; however, selective installation of different catalysts with spatial and functional precision working synergistically and predictably, is highly challenging. Here, a synthetic strategy is developed toward the customizable combination of orthogonally reactive metal nanocrystals within interconnected carbon‐cavities as a compartmentalized framework by employing aminated‐silica‐directed thermal solid‐state nanoconfined synthesis of metal nanocrystals and endotemplating concomitant carbonization‐mediated interlocking, as key processes. The main advantage of the strategy is the facility to choose any combination of metals, which can be further employed according to the desired application. The strategically synthesized compartmentalized multifunctional catalytic architectures of Pd‐Pt@Com‐CF regulate the O2‐mediated selective cascade oxidation reaction converting alcohol to acid with high yield and selectivity; and another Pt‐Ir@Com‐CF platform is demonstrated as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction/evolution reactions.
Large‐Range HS‐AFM Imaging of DNA Self‐Assembly through In Situ Data‐Driven Control
Authors: Nievergelt Adrian P. , Kammer Christoph , Brillard Charlène , Kurisinkal Eva , Bastings Maartje M. C. , Karimi Alireza , Fantner Georg E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnderstanding hierarchical self‐assembly of biological structures requires real‐time measurement of the self‐assembly process over a broad range of length‐ and timescales. The success of high‐speed atomic force microscopy (HS‐AFM) in imaging small‐scale molecular interactions has fueled attempts to introduce this method as a routine technique for studying biological and artificial self‐assembly processes. Current state‐of‐the‐art HS‐AFM scanners achieve their high imaging speed by trading achievable field of view for bandwidth. This limits their suitability when studying larger biological structures. In ambient conditions, large‐range scanners with lower resonance frequencies offer a solution when combined with first principle model–based schemes. For imaging molecular self‐assembly processes in fluid, however, such traditional control techniques are less suited. In liquid, the time‐varying changes in the behavior of the complex system necessitate frequent update of the compensating controller. Recent developments in data‐driven control theory offer a model‐free, automatable approach to compensate the complex system behavior and its changes. Here, a data‐driven control design method is presented to extend the imaging speed of a conventional AFM tube scanner by one order of magnitude. This enables the recording of the self‐assembly process of DNA tripods into a hexagonal lattice at multiple length scales.
On the application of sequential pattern mining primitives to process discovery: Overview, outlook and opportunity identification
Authors: Hassani Marwan , van Zelst Sebastiaan J. , van der Aalst Wil M. P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSequential pattern mining (SPM) is a well‐studied theme in data mining, in which one aims to discover common sequences of item sets in a large corpus of temporal itemset data. Due to the sequential nature of data streams, supporting SPM in streaming environments is commonly studied in the area of data stream mining as well. On the other hand, stream‐based process discovery (PD), originating from the field of process mining, focusses on learning process models on the basis of online event data. In particular, the main goal of the models discovered is to describe the underlying generating process in an end‐to‐end fashion. As both SPM and PD use data that are comparable in nature, that is, both involve time‐stamped instances, one expects that techniques from the SPM domain are (partly) transferable to the PD domain. However, thus far, little work has been done in the intersection of the two fields. In this focus article, we therefore study the possible application of SPM techniques in the context of PD. We provide an overview of the two fields, covering their commonalities and differences, highlight the challenges of applying them, and, present an outlook and several avenues for future work.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining