bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the cooperative nature of ATP hydrolysis in actin filaments
Authors: Katkar Harshwardhan H. , Davtyan Aram , Durumeric Aleksander E. P. , Hocky Glen M. , Schramm Anthony C. , De La Cruz Enrique M. , Voth Gregory A. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTActin filaments continually assemble and disassemble within a cell. Assembled filaments “age” as a bound nucleotide ATP within each actin subunit quickly hydrolyzes, followed by a slower release of the phosphate Pi, leaving behind a bound ADP. This subtle change in nucleotide state of actin subunits affects filament rigidity as well as its interactions with binding partners. We present here a systematic multiscale ultra-coarse-graining (UCG) approach that provides a computationally efficient way to simulate a long actin filament undergoing ATP hydrolysis and phosphate release reactions, while systematically taking into account available atomistic details. The slower conformational changes and their dependence on the chemical reactions are simulated with the UCG model by assigning internal states to the coarse-grained sites. Each state is represented by a unique potential surface of a local heterogeneous elastic network. Internal states undergo stochastic transitions that are coupled to conformations of the underlying molecular system. The UCG model reproduces mechanical properties of the filament and allows us to study whether fluctuations in actin subunits produce cooperative aging in the filament. Our model predicts that nucleotide state of neighboring subunit significantly modulates the reaction kinetics, implying cooperativity in ATP hydrolysis and Pirelease. We further systematically coarse-grain the system into a Markov state model that incorporates assembly and disassembly, facilitating a direct comparison with previously published models. We find that cooperativity in ATP hydrolysis and Pirelease significantly affects the filament growth dynamics only near the critical G-actin monomer concentration, while both cooperative and random mechanisms show similar growth dynamics far from the critical concentration. In contrast, filament composition in terms of the bound nucleotide distribution varies significantly at all monomer concentrations studied. These results provide new insights into the cooperative nature of ATP hydrolysis and Pirelease and the implications it has for actin filament properties, providing novel predictions for future experimental studies.
A double dissociation in sensitivity to verb and noun semantics across cortical networks
Authors: Elli Giulia V. , Lane Connor , Bedny Marina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhat is the neural organization of the mental lexicon? Previous research suggests that partially distinct cortical networks are active during verb and noun processing. Are these networks preferentially involved in representing the meanings of verbs as opposed to nouns? We used multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to investigate whether brain regions that are more active during verb than noun processing are also more sensitive to distinctions among their preferred lexical class. Participants heard four types of verbs (light emission, sound emission, hand-related actions, mouth-related actions) and four types of nouns (birds, mammals, manmade places, natural places). As previously shown, the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) and inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) responded more to verbs, whereas areas in the inferior parietal lobule (LIP), precuneus (LPC), and inferior temporal (LIT) cortex responded more to nouns. MVPA revealed a double-dissociation in semantic sensitivity: classification was more accurate among verbs than nouns in the LMTG, and among nouns than verbs in the LIP, LPC, and LIT. However, classification was similar for verbs and nouns in the LIFG, and above chance for the non-preferred category in all regions. These results suggest that the meanings of verbs and nouns are represented in partially non-overlapping networks.
CRISPR/Cas9-targeted removal of unwanted sequences from small-RNA sequencing libraries
Authors: Hardigan Andrew A. , Roberts Brian S. , Moore Dianna E. , Ramaker Ryne C. , Jones Angela L. , Myers Richard M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn small RNA (smRNAs) sequencing studies, highly abundant molecules such as adapter dimer products and tissue-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) inhibit accurate quantification of lowly expressed species. We previously developed a method to selectively deplete highly abundant miRNAs. However, this method does not deplete adapter dimer ligation products that, unless removed by gelseparation, comprise most of the library. Here, we have adapted and modified recently described methods for CRISPR/Cas9–based Depletion of Abundant Species by Hybridization (“DASH”) to smRNA-seq, which we have termed miRNA and Adapter Dimer - DASH (MAD-DASH). In MAD-DASH, Cas9 is complexed with sgRNAs targeting adapter dimer ligation products, alongside highly expressed tissue-specific smRNAs, for cleavage in vitro. This process dramatically reduces (>90%) adapter dimer and targeted smRNA sequences, is multiplexable, shows minimal off-target effects, improves the quantification of lowly expressed miRNAs from human plasma and tissue derived RNA, and obviates the need for gel-separation, greatly increasing sample throughput. Additionally, the method is fully customizable to other smRNA-seq preparation methods. Like depletion of ribosomal RNA for mRNA-seq and mitochondrial DNA for ATAC-seq, our method allows for greater proportional read-depth of nontargeted sequences.
Multi-storey residential buildings and occupant’s behaviour during fire evacuation in the UK
Authors: Gerges Michael , Penn Sholto , Moore David , Boothman Chris , Liyanage Champika 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate human behaviour during fire evacuations in multi-storey residential buildings through a focus on the challenges and obstacles that occupants face. In addition, the paper aims to study all the various behaviours that are relevant to the evacuation strategies/plans in the UK of multi-storey buildings in large cities.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was conducted to identify the factors occupants face and also the decision making of occupants regarding the methods of egress. A mixed methods research was adopted using interviews and a questionnaire survey. The findings from the interviews and survey are benchmarked against the information gathered from the literature review.

Findings
The paper identifies various challenges that occupants face when evacuating a multi-storey residential building. In terms of the decision-making process, the research results evidence that occupants could be given more information on the evacuation procedures within their specific building. The paper also finds that occupants remain reluctant to use a lift during evacuation in fire event, irrespective of any signage clearly stating that is appropriate to do so in the context of modern lift technology.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the body of knowledge available on the evacuation of multi-storey buildings located in large cities within the UK, outlining the potential areas for future research, focussed on providing an insight of the behavioural decisions made by the occupants make when evacuating a building in the event of a fire.
Fatigue crack growth of 42CrMo4 and 41Cr4 steels under different heat treatment conditions
Authors: Lesiuk Grzegorz , Duda Monika Maria , Correia José , de Jesus Abilio M.P. , Calçada Rui 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
For nowadays construction purposes, it is necessary to define the life cycle of elements with defects. As steels 42CrMo4 and 41Cr4 are typical materials used for elements working under fatigue loading conditions, it is worth to know how they will behave after different heat treatment. Additionally, typical mechanical properties of material (hardness, tensile strength, etc.) are not defining material’s fatigue resistance. Therefore, it is worth to compare, except mechanical properties, microstructure of the samples after heat treatment as well. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Samples of normalized 42CrMo4 (and 41Cr4) steel were heat treated under three different conditions. All heat treatments were designed in order to change microstructural properties of the material. Fatigue tests were carried out according to ASTM E647-15 standard using compact tension specimens. Later on, based on obtained results, coefficients C and m of Paris’ Law for all specimens were estimated. Similar procedure was performed for 41Cr4 steel after quenching and tempering in different temperatures.

Findings
The influence of heat treatment on the fatigue crack growth rates (42CrMo4, 41Cr4 steel) has been confirmed. The higher fatigue crack growth rates were observed for lower tempering temperatures.

Originality/value
This study is associated with influence of microstructural properties of the material on its’ fatigue fracture. The kinetic fatigue fracture diagrams have been constructed. For each type of material (and its heat treatment), the Paris law constants were determined.
Beneficiaries of gambling and moral disengagement
Authors: Marionneau Virve , Kankainen Veera 
Published: May 2018

PurposeGambling is used to raise public funds through taxes, fees and direct contributions. The rent generated can be distributed through two basic models: absorbing the surplus into state budgets and institutions, or channeling funds to civil society organizations (CSOs). However, gambling also causes negative externalities. The purpose of this paper is to focus on how the beneficiaries of gambling in two societies representing these opposite models respond to the moral issue of accepting funds from a source that causes harm to some.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is conducted by applying the moral disengagement (MD) model to qualitative interviews conducted with beneficiaries of gambling in Finland and France. In Finland, the majority of gambling revenue is redistributed to CSOs, who also exercise a strong influence and are heavily involved in the system. In France, most gambling proceeds are directed to the central state, making other beneficiaries less powerful.FindingsThe results of this paper show that in France, where the state is a strong beneficiary, other actors express more political awareness and debate than in the Finnish model in which CSOs benefit and are tightly implicated in the system. On the other hand, the involvement of Finnish actors in the system encouraged them to accept moral responsibility for the harm caused by gambling.Originality/valueThe paper provides policymakers information on beneficiaries’ implication and position in different types of models of dividing the rent of gambling, and the academic audience with a comparative and sociological application of the MD model.
Formalizing women entrepreneurs in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Karki Shova , Xheneti Mirela 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Women’s economic empowerment through entrepreneurship is increasingly being recognised as significant to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, women entrepreneurship in developing countries is characterised by an overrepresentation in the informal economy and exposure to high levels of gender disparities. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether formalisation of women’s entrepreneurial activities in the informal economy supports SDGs through ensuring empowerment and equality.

Design/methodology/approach
The research adopts a qualitative research design to explore the empowerment outcomes of the formalisation of women’s entrepreneurial activities in the informal economy of Kathmandu, Nepal. Data were collected through interviews with 30 women entrepreneurs engaged in a mix of formal and informal entrepreneurial activities.

Findings
By using Mayoux’s (1998) framework of empowerment at the individual, household and community level, the findings show the variation in empowerment outcomes as a result of women’s diverse motivations for engaging in entrepreneurship. Whilst informal entrepreneurial activities improve women’s confidence and life aspirations, they have limited potential in lifting women out of poverty and enable them to significantly challenge gender relations in the society. Formalization does further empower women at the household and community level but this is primarily the case of younger and more educated women.

Originality/value
The research contributes to the debates on entrepreneurship as “emancipation” and more specifically, on whether formalization contributes to the SDGs by furthering gender equality and empowerment. Formalization policies need to acknowledge the heterogeneity of women entrepreneurs.
Using social media for competitive business outcomes
Authors: Cao Yingxia , Ajjan Haya , Hong Paul , Le Thuong 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the drivers, practices, and outcomes of social media use in the management of organizational supply chain.Design/methodology/approachOnline questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 285 organizations representing different industries in China. The data then were analyzed with structure equation modeling using SmartPLS.FindingsThe results indicate that key antecedents such as external pressures, internal readiness, expected benefits, strategic goals, and perceived risks influence organizational social media use, which subsequently impact organizational performance outcomes in operation and marketing as well as the satisfaction level of both internal and external constituents, such as customers, employees, partners, and suppliers.Research limitations/implicationsThe study obtained data about one organization from only one respondent and did not used random sampling.Practical implicationsThis study provides insights on why and how companies should use social media for relationship building and business outcomes.Originality/valueDrawing from the resources-based view, social networks, strategic choice theory, and technology organization and environment framework, a new social media utilization model for business outcome was established and testified using empirical data. This study is one of the first studies that adopts technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework of technology adoption theory to study organizational social media use. The findings in this study confirm the validity of the TOE framework for analyzing social media adoption and use in various organizations.
Organizational health management through metaphor: a mission-based approach
Authors: Woodside Joseph M. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the underlying metaphors that hospitals use to establish their organizational mission. Metaphors impact the direction and managerial decision making of organizations, and provide a method to more easily communicate to a variety of stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach
A text analytics process is run to evaluate the mission statements from the largest hospitals by revenue in each of the 50 states of the USA and District of Columbia to identify the types of metaphor-based organizational health management methods.

Findings
A cluster analysis is generated to evaluate primary mission-based metaphors, and metatriangulation is used to evaluate output, develop theory and provide practical implications for healthcare management.

Originality/value
Key contributions include a review of healthcare metaphors, an analysis for understanding commonly utilized metaphors, a theory building process for developing a new integrated value-based care management metaphor, and a value-based process is developed for providing healthcare managers an easy to follow and repeatable process for improving organizational communication.
Coming “home” to do glocal engaged scholarship? A reflexive account of managing competing commitments during an organizational ethnography
Authors: McAllum Kirstie 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on how the author’s status as an international academic wanting to maintain “local” research relationships in the author’s country of origin both improved and derailed the process of conducting an organizational ethnography.Design/methodology/approachUsing visual representations of the research design process inspired by Maxwell’s (2013) model, the paper traces the evolution of a glocal engaged scholarship project and the personal, professional, and commitments that pulled the researcher and the research project in competing directions.FindingsThe first iteration of the project showed that, despite geographical nomadism, the author was firmly anchored to professional norms and methodological choices, with these attachments to values, principles, and practices constituting a global academic “home.” As the project unfolded, local organizational needs and desires that called into question the researcher’s local organizational knowledge and methodological choices destabilized the author’s sense of home, creating a situation of “away-ness” that acted as a catalyst for reflexivity about the project and relationships with organizational partners.Originality/valueBy overturning a view of home as being rooted in a particular locale and homelessness as being nomadic, this confessional tale problematizes the idea that some organizational ethnographers and projects are local while others are foreign.
“At-home ethnography”
Authors: Suarez Delucchi Adriana Angela 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to problematise the idea of “at-home ethnography” and to expand knowledge about insider/outsider distinctions by using insights from institutional ethnography (IE). It also examines the strengths and challenges of “returning” researchers recognising their unique position in overcoming these binaries.

Design/methodology/approach
IE is the method the researcher used to explore community-based water management in rural Chile. The researcher is interested in learning from rural drinking water organisations to understand the way in which their knowledge is organised. The data presented derived from field notes of participant observation and the researcher’s diary.

Findings
The notion of “at-home ethnography” fell short when reflecting on the researcher’s positions and experiences in the field. This is especially true when researchers return to their countries to carry out fieldwork. The negotiation of boundaries, codes and feelings requires the researcher to appreciate the complex relationships surrounding ethnographic work, in order to explore how community-based water management is done in the local setting, without forgetting where the setting is embedded.

Originality/value
Unique insights are offered into the advantages and tensions of conducting fieldwork “at home” when the researcher has lived “abroad” for an extended time. A critique and contribution to “at-home ethnography” is offered from an IE perspective.
Facts or gut feelings: analysis of external pricing antecedents for SMEs in Germany
Authors: Achterberg Lars Hendrik , Omar Maktoba , Ambituuni Ambisisis , Roll Oliver 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the external antecedents of pricing information acquisition in an integrative manner. The study develops understanding of determinants of information acquisition as a crucial prerequisite of successful pricing strategies within German small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach
A large scale survey of sampled 2,542 SMEs was conducted. A total of 220 questionnaires were completed, reflecting a response rate of 9 per cent. This was acceptable considering the sensitivity of pricing issues. A final sample of 173 usable questionnaires were obtained.

Findings
The result indicates that external antecedents of pricing information acquisition practices have a positive impact on SME pricing performance, and pricing performance is positively related to firm performance.

Practical implications
The study indicates that external antecedents of pricing information acquisition are strategic pricing capabilities, which should receive attention by SME managers.

Originality/value
This study bridges significant obstacle to knowledge generation and theory development of the important issues of pricing information acquisition in SMEs.
The epistemological structure of mobilities
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano E. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to revolve around two problems which, though imagined as different, can be addressed altogether. On one hand, the advance of terrorism as a major threat to the tourism industry, while – on the other – we discuss the ontological nature of tourism as a rite of passage, which is vital to keep the political legitimacy of officialdom. At the time, paradoxically, social scientists shrug off tourism as a naïve commercial activity, while the main tourist destinations are being attacked by jihadism. This suggests the disinterest of ones associates to the interests of others.

Design/methodology/approach
The author holds the thesis that tourism derives from ancient institutions, which illuminated in the growth of Occident and the formation of hospitality. Capitalism hides the importance of tourism as a mere trivialization as a bit-player. However, a closer look reminds precisely the opposite. The recent attacks perpetrated at main destinations reveal tourism as an exemplary (symbolic) center of the West, a source of authority and power for the existing hierarchal order.

Findings
The issue captivates the attention of scholars, officials and policymakers, and at the same time, epistemologists of tourism receive a fresh novel debate regarding the origins of tourism.

Originality/value
It is a great paradox that tourism would be selected as a target for jihadism but at the same time a naïve activity for social scientists or at the least by the French tradition. Despite the partisan criticism exerted on tourism as an alienatory force, this work showed two important aspects, which merits to be discussed. At a closer look, tourism should be understood as “a rite of passage” whose function associates to the revitalization of those glitches happened during the cycles of production. Second, and most important, tourism accommodates those frustrations to prevent acts of separatism or the rise of extreme conflict among classes.