bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Perrot Serge , Cohen Milton , Barke Antonia , Korwisi Beatrice , Rief Winfried , Treede Rolf-Detlef ,   The IASP Taskforce for the Classification of Chronic Pain
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain is defined as chronic pain arising from musculoskeletal structures such as bones or joints. Although comprising the most prevalent set of chronic pain conditions, it was not represented appropriately in the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), which was organized mainly according to anatomical sites, was strongly focused on musculoskeletal disease or local damage, and did not consider the underlying mechanisms of pain. The new ICD-11 classification introduces the concept of chronic primary and secondary musculoskeletal pain, and integrates the biomedical axis with the psychological and social axes that comprise the complex experience of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Chronic primary musculoskeletal pain is a condition in its own right, not better accounted for by a specific classified disease. Chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain is a symptom that arises from an underlying disease classified elsewhere. Such secondary musculoskeletal pain originates in persistent nociception in musculoskeletal structures from local or systemic etiologies, or it may be related to deep somatic lesions. It can be caused by inflammation, by structural changes, or by biomechanical consequences of diseases of the nervous system. It is intended that this new classification will facilitate access to patient-centered multimodal pain management and promote research through more accurate epidemiological analyses.
The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic postsurgical or posttraumatic pain
Authors: Schug Stephan A. , Lavand'homme Patricia , Barke Antonia , Korwisi Beatrice , Rief Winfried , Treede Rolf-Detlef ,   The IASP Taskforce for the Classification of Chronic Pain
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chronic pain after tissue trauma is frequent and may have a lasting impact on the functioning and quality of life of the affected person. Despite this, chronic postsurgical and posttraumatic pain is underrecognised and, consequently, undertreated. It is not represented in the current International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). This article describes the new classification of chronic postsurgical and posttraumatic pain for ICD-11. Chronic postsurgical or posttraumatic pain is defined as chronic pain that develops or increases in intensity after a surgical procedure or a tissue injury and persists beyond the healing process, ie, at least 3 months after the surgery or tissue trauma. In the classification, it is distinguished between tissue trauma arising from a controlled procedure in the delivery of health care (surgery) and forms of uncontrolled accidental damage (other traumas). In both sections, the most frequent conditions are included. This provides diagnostic codes for chronic pain conditions that persist after the initial tissue trauma has healed and that require specific treatment and management. It is expected that the representation of chronic postsurgical and posttraumatic pain in ICD-11 furthers identification, diagnosis, and treatment of these pain states. Even more importantly, it will make the diagnosis of chronic posttraumatic or postsurgical pain statistically visible and, it is hoped, stimulate research into these pain syndromes.
The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic secondary headache or orofacial pain
Authors: Benoliel Rafael , Svensson Peter , Evers Stefan , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Barke Antonia , Korwisi Beatrice , Rief Winfried , Treede Rolf-Detlef ,   The IASP Taskforce for the Classification of Chronic Pain
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article describes chronic secondary headache and chronic orofacial pain (OFP) disorders with respect to the new International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). The section refers extensively to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) of the International Headache Society that is implemented in the chapter on Neurology in ICD-11. The ICHD-3 differentiates between primary (idiopathic) headache disorders, secondary (symptomatic) headache disorders, and OFP disorders including cranial neuralgias. Chronic headache or OFP is defined as headache or OFP that occurs on at least 50% of the days during at least 3 months and lasting at least 2 hours per day. Only chronic secondary headache and chronic secondary OFP disorders are included here; chronic primary headache or OFP disorders are listed under chronic primary pain syndromes that have been described in a companion publication. The subdivisions of chronic secondary OFP of ICHD-3 are complemented by the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and contributions from the International Association for the Study of Pain Special Interest Group on Orofacial and Head Pain and include chronic dental pain. The ICD-11 codes described here are intended to be used in combination with codes for the underlying diseases, to identify patients who require specialized pain management. In addition, these codes shall enhance visibility of these disorders in morbidity statistics and motivate research into their mechanisms.
Effects of Dementia-Specific Education for Nursing Students
Authors: Kimzey Michelle , Mastel-Smith Beth , Seale Ashlie 
Published: December 2018

Background
The numbers of people living with dementia are overwhelming. Dementia education is important to prepare nursing students to care for this population.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a virtual dementia experience on nursing students' attitudes and empathy for people with dementia, dementia knowledge, and self-confidence for dementia care.

Methods
The design was a 2-group, pretest-posttest using a convenience sample of undergraduate nursing students (n = 112). The intervention group (n = 56) participated in a virtual dementia experience.

Results
Both groups experienced improved attitudes toward people with dementia, increased dementia knowledge, improved self-confidence for dementia care, and improved empathy (Perspective Taking). However, the virtual dementia experience did not lead to improved outcomes compared to the standard teaching approaches.

Conclusions
Dementia-specific education had a significant influence on students' attitudes, knowledge, self-confidence, and empathy, whereas the type of education did not impact outcomes.
The Experiences of Black Nursing Alumni at a Predominantly White Institution
Authors: Gona Clara , Pusey-Reid Eleonor , Lussier-Duynstee Patricia , Gall Gail 
Published: December 2018

Background
Despite increasing minority enrollment in nursing programs, student attrition remains a persistent problem.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of a diverse group of black alumni at a predominantly white institution in the United States.

Method
In this qualitative descriptive study, researchers conducted focus group interviews with 16 recent graduates of accelerated baccalaureate and direct-entry nurse practitioner programs.

Results
Four themes emerged as barriers to success: burden of exclusion and isolation, lack of diversity among students and faculty, struggling to find mentors, and cultural assumptions. Five themes captured the strategies alumni adopted to succeed: strength in numbers, helpful mentors, resilience, faith, and self-silencing.

Conclusion
Participants experienced challenges but successfully navigated the program until they graduated. The study findings lay the groundwork for the development of programs that foster success for all students.
Social Networks and Its Impact on Women's Awareness, Interest, and Uptake of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Implications for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Willie Tiara C. , Stockman Jamila K. , Keene Danya E. , Calabrese Sarah K. , Alexander Kamila A. , Kershaw Trace S. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
In the United States, women represent less than 5% of all pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users. Social networks may promote and/or inhibit women's PrEP awareness, which could influence PrEP intentions. Furthermore, women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) may have smaller, less supportive networks, which could deter or have no impact on PrEP care engagement. This study examined associations between network characteristics and women's PrEP awareness, interest, uptake, and perceived candidacy and analyzed IPV as an effect modifier.

Setting/Methods:
From 2017 to 2018, data were collected from a prospective cohort study of 218 PrEP-eligible women with (n = 94) and without (n = 124) IPV experiences in Connecticut. Women completed surveys on demographics, IPV, social networks, and PrEP care continuum outcomes.

Results:
Adjusted analyses showed that PrEP awareness related to having more PrEP-aware alters. PrEP intentions related to having more alters with favorable opinions of women's potential PrEP use and a smaller network size. Viewing oneself as an appropriate PrEP candidate related to having more PrEP-aware alters and more alters with favorable opinions of women's potential PrEP use. IPV modified associations between network characteristics and PrEP care. Having members who were aware of and/or used PrEP was positively associated with PrEP care engagement for women without IPV experiences but had either no effect or the opposite effect for women experiencing IPV.

Conclusion:
Improving PrEP attitudes might improve its utilization among women. Social network interventions might be one way to increase PrEP uptake among many US women but may not be as effective for women experiencing IPV.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive Markers of Steatosis, NASH, and Liver Fibrosis in HIV-Monoinfected Individuals at Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Results From the ECHAM Study
Authors: Lemoine Maud , Assoumou Lambert , De Wit Stephane , Girard Pierre-Marie , Valantin Marc Antoine , Katlama Christine , Necsoi Coca , Campa Pauline , Huefner Anja D. , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Rougier Hayette , Bastard Jean-Philippe , Stocker Hartmut , Mauss Stefan , Serfaty Lawrence , Ratziu Vlad , Menu Yves , Schlue Jerome , Behrens Georg , Bedossa Pierre , Capeau Jacqueline , Ingiliz Patrick , Costagliola Dominique ,   on behalf of the ANRS-ECHAM Group
Published: December 2018

Background:
HIV-monoinfected individuals are at high risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Noninvasive tests of steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis have been poorly assessed in this population. Using liver biopsy (LB) as a reference, we assessed the accuracy of noninvasive methods for their respective diagnosis: magnetic resonance imaging proton-density-fat-fraction (MRI-PDFF), FibroScan/controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and biochemical tests.

Methods:
We enrolled antiretroviral therapy–controlled participants with persistently elevated transaminases and/or metabolic syndrome, and/or lipodystrophy. All had hepatic MRI-PDFF, FibroScan/CAP, FibroTest/NashTest/SteatoTest, APRI, FIB-4, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease–fibrosis score. A LB was indicated if suspected significant fibrosis (FibroScan ≥7.1 kPa and/or FibroTest ≥0.49). Performance was considered as good if area under a receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) was >0.80.

Results:
Among the 140 patients with suspected significant fibrosis out of the 402 eligible patients, 49 had had a LB: median age of 54 years (53–65), body mass index: 26 kg/m2 (24–30), steatosis in 37 (76%), NASH in 23 (47%), and fibrosis in 31 (63%) patients [F2: 7 (14%); F3: 6 (12%); and F4: 2 (4%)]. Regarding steatosis, MRI-PDFF had excellent and CAP good performances with AUROCs at 0.98 (95% confidence interval: 0.96 to 1.00) and 0.88 (0.76 to 0.99), respectively, whereas the AUROCs of SteatoTest was 0.68 (0.51 to 0.85). Regarding fibrosis (≥F2), APRI and FIB-4 had good performance with AUROCs at 0.86 (0.74 to 0.98) and 0.81 (0.67 to 0.95). By contrast, FibroScan and FibroTest had poor AUROCs [0.61 (0.43 to 0.79) and 0.61 (0.44 to 0.78)], with very low specificity. Regarding NASH, alanine aminotransferase ≥36 IU/L had good performance with AUROCs of 0.83 (0.71 to 0.94), whereas the NashTest had an AUROC of 0.60 (0.44 to 0.76).

Conclusions:
In HIV-monoinfected patients, MRI-PDFF and FibroScan/CAP are highly accurate for the diagnosis of steatosis. The alanine aminotransferase level and APRI should be considered for the detection of NASH and fibrosis.
Etiology and Severity of Liver Disease in HIV-Positive Patients With Suspected NAFLD: Lessons From a Cohort With Available Liver Biopsies
Authors: Iogna Prat Laura , Roccarina Davide , Lever Robert , Lombardi Rosa , Rodger Alison , Hall Andrew , Luong Tu Vinh , Bhagani Sanjay , Tsochatzis Emmanuel A. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Spectrum of liver injury among HIV-positive people is wide; in particular, prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) seems to be higher compared with HIV-negative people.

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated all liver biopsies performed at Royal Free Hospital from 2000 to 2017 in HIV monoinfected patients with abnormal transaminases, to assess the underlying cause of liver disease and to characterize the extent of fibrosis. We furthermore evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of FIB4 and FibroScan as noninvasive tools for fibrosis assessment.

Results:
Ninety-seven patients were included. Most common histological findings were NAFLD (28%), nonspecific changes (26%), and normal histology (13%). Twenty percent of the patients had significant fibrosis and 11% had advanced fibrosis. FIB4, at a cutoff of 1.3, had a specificity of 82% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 95% for exclusion of advanced fibrosis. FibroScan was available in 28% patients and 33% had a liver stiffness ≥7.5 kPa. FibroScan showed a specificity of 77% and NPV of 94% for exclusion of significant fibrosis. Among patients with NAFLD (n = 27), 18% had advanced fibrosis, whereas the majority (56%) did not have any fibrosis. The NPV of FIB4 for advanced fibrosis in these patients was 93%.

Conclusions:
Among HIV-positive patients with elevated transaminases, a surprisingly high number of patients had nonsignificant changes or even normal histological findings. The prevalence of NAFLD was lower than reported in other series. Use of noninvasive tools with a high NPV for significant fibrosis can help reduce the number of required biopsies.
Whole genome sequencing of a sporadic primary immunodeficiency cohort
Authors: Thaventhiran James E. D. , Allen Hana Lango , Burren Oliver S. , Rae William , Greene Daniel , Staples Emily , Zhang Zinan , Farmery James H. R. , Simeoni Ilenia , Rivers Elizabeth , Maimaris Jesmeen , Penkett Christopher J , Stephens Jonathan , Deevi Sri V.V. , Sanchis-Juan Alba , Gleadall Nicholas S , Thomas Moira J. , Sargur Ravishankar B. , Gordins Pavels , Baxendale Helen E. , Brown Matthew , Tuijnenburg Paul , Worth Austen , Hanson Steven , Linger Rachel , Buckland Matthew S. , Rayner-Matthews Paula J. , Gilmour Kimberly C. , Samarghitean Crina , Seneviratne Suranjith L. , Sansom David M. , Lynch Andy G. , Megy Karyn , Ellinghaus Eva , Ellinghaus David , Jorgensen Silje F. , Karlsen Tom H , Stirrups Kathleen E. , Cutler Antony J. , Kumararatne Dinakantha S. , Chandra Anita , Edgar J. David M. , Herwadkar Archana , Cooper Nichola , Grigoriadou Sofia , Huissoon Aarnoud , Goddard Sarah , Jolles Stephen , Schuetz Catharina , Boschann Felix ,   NBR-RD PID Consortium,   NIHR BioResource, Lyons Paul A. , Hurles Matthew E. , Savic Sinisa , Burns Siobhan O. , Kuijpers Taco W. , Turro Ernest , Ouwehand Willem H. , Thrasher Adrian J. , Smith Kenneth G. C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrimary immunodeficiency (PID) is characterised by recurrent and often life-threatening infections, autoimmunity and cancer, and it presents major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Although the most severe forms present in early childhood, the majority of patients present in adulthood, typically with no apparent family history and a variable clinical phenotype of widespread immune dysregulation: about 25% of patients have autoimmune disease, allergy is prevalent, and up to 10% develop lymphoid malignancies1–3. Consequently, in sporadic PID genetic diagnosis is difficult and the role of genetics is not well defined. We addressed these challenges by performing whole genome sequencing (WGS) of a large PID cohort of 1,318 participants. Analysis of coding regions of 886 index cases found disease-causing mutations in known monogenic PID genes in 10.3%, while a Bayesian approach (BeviMed4) identified multiple potential new candidate genes, including IVNS1ABP. Exploration of the non-coding genome revealed deletions in regulatory regions which contribute to disease causation. Finally, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified PID-associated loci and uncovered evidence for co-localisation of, and interplay between, novel high penetrance monogenic variants and common variants (at the PTPN2 and SOCS1 loci). This begins to explain the contribution of common variants to variable penetrance and phenotypic complexity in PID. Thus, a cohort-based WGS approach to PID diagnosis can increase diagnostic yield while deepening our understanding of the key pathways influencing human immune responsiveness.
Identification of leukemic and pre-leukemic stem cells by clonal tracking from single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Velten Lars , Story Benjamin A. , Hernández-Malmierca Pablo , Raffel Simon , Leonce Daniel R. , Milbank Jennifer , Paulsen Malte , Demir Aykut , Szu-Tu Chelsea , Frömel Robert , Lutz Christoph , Nowak Daniel , Jann Johann-Christoph , Pabst Caroline , Boch Tobias , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Trumpp Andreas , Haas Simon , Steinmetz Lars M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCancer stem cells drive disease progression and relapse in many types of cancer. Despite this, a thorough characterization of these cells remains elusive and with i the ability to eradicate cancer at its source. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leukemic stem cells (LSCs) underlie mortality but are difficult to isolate due to their low abundance and high similarity to healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we demonstrate that LSCs, HSCs, and pre-leukemic stem cells can be identified and molecularly profiled by combining single-cell transcriptomics with lineage tracing using both nuclear and mitochondrial somatic variants. While mutational status discriminates between healthy and cancerous cells, gene expression distinguishes stem cells and progenitor cell populations. Our approach enables the identification of LSC-specific gene expression programs and the characterization of differentiation blocks induced by leukemic mutations. Taken together, we demonstrate the power of single-cell multi-omic approaches in characterizing cancer stem cells.
Makorin 1 controls embryonic patterning by alleviating Bruno1-mediated repression ofoskartranslation
Authors: Dold Annabelle , Han Hong , Liu Niankun , Hildebrandt Andrea , Brüggemann Mirko , Rücklé Cornelia , Busch Anke , Beli Petra , Zarnack Kathi , König Julian , Roignant Jean-Yves , Lasko Paul 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMakorins are evolutionary conserved proteins that contain C3H-type zinc finger modules and a RING E3 ubiquitin ligase domain. InDrosophilamaternal Makorin 1 (Mkrn1) has been linked to embryonic patterning but the mechanism remained unsolved. Here, we show that Mkrn1 is essential for axis specification and pole plasm assembly by translational activation ofoskar. We demonstrate that Mkrn1 interacts with poly(A) binding protein (pAbp) and bindsosk3’ UTR in a region adjacent to A-rich sequences. This binding site overlaps with Bruno1 (Bru1) responsive elements (BREs), which regulateosktranslation. We observe increased association of the translational repressor Bru1 withoskmRNA upon depletion of Mkrn1, indicating that both proteins compete foroskbinding. Consistently, reducing Bru1 dosage partially rescues viability and Osk protein level in ovaries fromMkrn1females. We conclude that Mkrn1 controls embryonic patterning and germ cell formation by specifically activatingosktranslation by displacing Bru1 from its 3’ UTR.Author SummaryTo ensure accurate development of theDrosophilaembryo, proteins and mRNAs are positioned at specific sites within the embryo. Many of these proteins and mRNAs are produced and localized during the development of the egg in the mother. One protein essential for this process that has been heavily studied is Oskar (Osk), which is positioned at the posterior pole. During the localization ofoskmRNA, its translation is repressed by the RNA-binding protein Bruno1 (Bru1), ensuring that Osk protein is not present outside of the posterior where it is harmful. At the posterior pole,oskmRNA is activated through mechanisms that are not yet understood. In this work, we show that the conserved protein Makorin 1 (Mkrn1) is a novel factor involved in the translational activation ofosk. Mkrn1 binds specifically tooskmRNA in a region that overlaps with the binding site of Bru1, thus alleviating the association of Bru1 withosk. Moreover, Mkrn1 is stabilized by poly(A) binding protein, a translational activator that bindsoskmRNA in close proximity to Mkrn1. Our work thus helps to answer a long-standing question in the field, providing insight about the function of Mkrn1 and more generally into embryonic patterning in animals.