bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of gene drive expression increases invasive potential and mitigates resistance
Authors: Hammond Andrew , Karlsson Xenia , Morianou Ioanna , Kyrou Kyros , Beaghton Andrea , Gribble Matthew , Kranjc Nace , Galizi Roberto , Burt Austin , Crisanti Andrea , Nolan Tony 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 nuclease-based gene drives rely on inducing chromosomal breaks in the germline that are repaired in ways that lead to a biased inheritance of the drive. Gene drives designed to impair female fertility can suppress populations of the mosquito vector of malaria. However, strong unintended fitness costs, due to ectopic nuclease expression, and high levels of resistant mutations, limited the potential of the first generation of gene drives to spread.Here we show that changes to regulatory sequences in the drive element, designed to contain nuclease expression to the germline, confer improved fecundity over previous versions and generate drastically lower rates of target site resistance. We employed a genetic screen to show that this effect is explained by reduced rates of end-joining repair of DNA breaks at the target site caused by deposited nuclease in the embryo.Highlighting the impact of deposited Cas9, many of the mutations arising from this source of nuclease activity in the embryo are heritable, thereby having the potential to generate resistant target sites that reduce the penetrance of the gene drive.Finally, in cage invasion experiments these gene drives show improved invasion dynamics compared to first generation drives, resulting in greater than 90% suppression of the reproductive output and a delay in the emergence of target site resistance, even at a resistance-prone target sequence. We shed light on the dynamics of generation and selection of resistant alleles in a population by tracking, longitudinally, the frequency of resistant alleles in the face of an invading gene drive. Our results illustrate important considerations for future gene drive design and should expedite the development of gene drives robust to resistance.
Adjusting for systematic technical biases in risk assessment of gene signatures in transcriptomic cancer cohorts
Authors: Mestres Adrià Caballé , Llergo Antonio Berenguer , Attolini Camille Stephan-Otto 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn recent years, many efforts in clinical and basic research have focused on finding molecular features of tumor samples with prognostic or classification potential. Among these, the association of the expression of gene signatures with survival probability is of special interest given its relatively direct applicability in the clinic and its power to shed insights into the molecular basis of cancer.Although great efforts have been invested in data processing to control for unknown sources of variability in a gene-wise manner, little is known about the behaviour of gene signatures with respect to the effect of technical variables.Here we show that the association of signatures with survival may be biased due to technical reasons and propose a simple and low intensive methodology based on correction by expectation under gene randomization. The resulting estimates are centred around zero and ensure correct asymptotic inference. Moreover, our methodology is robust against spurious correlations between global dataset tendencies and clinical outcome.All tools (will be soon) available in the "HRunbiased" R package as well as processed datasets for colorectal and breast cancer.
Could the pre-M&A performances predict integration risk in cross-border M&As?
Authors: Rozen-Bakher Ziva 
Published: July 2018

PurposeDue to the high failure rate of the M&A strategy, this paper aims to raise the question of whether the pre-M&A performances could predict integration success in cross-border M&As with the aim of reducing the integration risk. Cross-border M&A is considered an important strategy for gaining access to foreign markets, but at the same time, cross-border M&As involve a high risk for failure, particularly due to the problematic integration stage in cross-border M&As.Design/methodology/approachThe study presents a research model that includes six pre-M&A performances – the revenue and profitability of the acquirer and the target, the revenue ratio and profitability ratio – with the aim of analysing if the pre-M&A performances could predict integration success. The sample of the study includes 68 public firms that were engaged in cross-border M&As from 13 countries. The database of the study is based on 272 annual reports (10-K) of the public companies that are included in the sample.FindingsThe results show that the revenue and profitability of the acquirer and the target predict integration success. However, the revenue ratio predicts integration success, but not the profitability ratio. The results also show that a larger target leads to a complicated integration process that ends in a failure of the integration stage, while a larger acquirer could help to facilitate the integration stage. The study also indicates that buying a small target in relation to the acquirer decreases the risks of the integration stage. Moreover, the pre-performances of the acquirer more predict integration success compared to the pre-performances of the target.Originality/valueThe study suggests that buying an inefficient target creates opportunities for removing redundancies, while buying profitable target may hinder the possibilities for eliminating duplicate jobs and operations. This mixed effect highlights the challenges in implementing of M&A strategy in cross-border-M&As.
Administration of an organization undergoing change
Authors: Chatterjee Abha , Chanda Sasanka Sekhar , Ray Sougata 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to develop conceptual arguments questioning the efficacy of administration by the transaction cost economics (TCE) approach in an organization undergoing a major change.Design/methodology/approachThe focus is on three distinct dimensions of organizational life where, as per prior research, TCE is likely to be inadequate: interdependence across transactions, high reliance on managerial foresight and inseparability of administrative decisions made at different points in time.FindingsThe climate of coercion and surveillance engendered by administration based on TCE approaches – that punishes deviation from goals, even when they are framed on inadequate knowledge – forestalls creative problem-solving that is necessary to address unforeseen developments that arise during change implementation. Fiat accomplishes within-group compliance in the change project sub-teams, but between-group interdependencies tend to be neglected, hampering organizational effectiveness. Moreover, attempts to create independent spheres of accountability for concurrent fiats regarding pre-existing and new commitments breed inefficiency and wastage.Research limitations/implicationsThe malevolent aspects of TCE-based administration contribute to organizational dysfunctions like escalation of commitment and developing of silos in organizations.Practical implicationsTo succeed in effecting a major organizational change, meaningful relaxation of demands for delivering on prior goals is required, along with forbearance of errors made during trial-and-error learning.Originality/valueTCE-based administration is deleterious to an organization attempting a major change. Supremacy accorded to resolution of conflicts in distinct hierarchical relationships by the mechanism of fiat fails to address the needs of an organizational reality where multiple groups are engaged in a set of interdependent activities and where multiple, interdependent organizational imperatives need to be concurrently served.
Thermal insulation effect on EHL of coated cam/tappet contact during start up
Authors: Meng Xianghui , Yu Changya , Xie Youbai , Mei Benfu 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the lubrication performance of cam/tappet contact during start up. Especially, the thermal insulation effects of coating on the lubrication performance during cold start up process and warm start up process are studied.

Design/methodology/approach
A numerical model for the analysis of thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of coated cam/tappet contact is presented. In this model, the Reynolds equation and the energy equations are discretized by the finite difference method and solved jointly.

Findings
During start up, the contact force at cam nose-to-tappet contact decreases with increasing time, while the absolute entrainment velocity has the upward trend. The minimum film thickness, maximum average temperature and friction power loss increase with increasing time, while the coefficient of friction decreases during start up. Because of the thermal insulation effect, the coating can significantly increase the degree of temperature rise. Compared with the uncoated case, the coated cam/tappet results in a lower friction power loss. Generally, the friction power loss in the cold start up process is much higher than that in the warm start up process.

Originality/value
By this study, the lubrication performance and the kinematics and the dynamics of the cam/tappet during start up process are investigated. Meanwhile, the thermal insulation effect of coating is also illustrated. The difference of lubrication performance between cold start up process and warm start up process is analyzed. The results and thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication method presented in this study can be a guidance in the design of the coated cam/tappet.
An empirical study on the adoption of M-learning apps among IT/ITeS employees
Authors: Pillai Rajasshrie , Sivathanu Brijesh 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThis study aims to use the novel approach of applying the behavioural reasoning theory (BRT) to understand the relative influence of reason for and reason against the adoption of mobile learning applications (M-learning apps) among information technology (IT) and information technology enabled services (ITeS) employees.Design/methodology/approachThis study surveys 680 employees of IT and ITeS companies in India to examine the adoption of M-learning apps for learning using the BRT and the primary data analysis was done using the partial least squares-structural equation modelling technique.FindingsIt is found that the context-specific adoption factors for M-learning apps are hedonic motivation, self-efficacy, learning autonomy, ubiquitous and relative advantage, whereas the reasons against adoption of the M-learning apps are traditional barrier, usage barrier and image barrier. It is also found that values of openness to change positively affect the reasons for adoption and do not significantly affect reasons against adoption of M-learning. Values of openness to change affect the attitude towards M-learning apps and attitude affects the adoption intention of M-learning apps for learning.Research/limitations/implicationsThis cross-sectional study was conducted only in the Indian IT/ITeS firms and future research can be conducted in other sectors and countries to generalize the results.Practical implicationsThis research uniquely highlights the adoption factors both for and against, which should be considered while developing marketing strategies for M-learning apps’ adoption. It is imperative for training managers to consider these factors during the selection of M-learning apps and for designers while designing the M-learning apps.Originality/valueThis study provides new insights towards the use of mobile apps for learning with the employees’ perspective using the BRT theory and it highlights the reason for adoption and reason against adoption of M-learning apps.
The swansong of the fascist octopus: creating effective change communications
Authors: Hirsch Peter 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine why corporations frequently do such a bad job in change communications and succumb to clichéd terminology when communicating change.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach was to identify particularly egregious examples of poor communications and to identify some reasons why change communications seems so difficult for large corporations.

Findings
Poor change communications has a number of sources. Chief of these is the failure to involve employees in the change process from the beginning and to acknowledge candidly that all change processes have losers as well as winners.

Research limitations/implications
The views expressed in the paper are based on the author’s own experience rather than extensively researched data.

Practical implications
While poor change communications will always exist, leaders who understand the natural tendency to use obscure and clichéd language in the field will be able to mitigate its effects.

Social implications
With trust in corporations at all-time lows, one can believe that more effective change communications will help to restore some of the lost trust between capital and labor.

Originality/value
While the clichéd corporate language is the frequent target of critics, there are few treatments of its connection with change communications.
Methods for modelling reflective-formative second order constructs in PLS
Authors: Duarte Paulo , Amaro Suzanne 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the estimation of PLS models with second-order formative constructs as existing research has mainly focused on second-order constructs with a reflective measurement.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a model grounded on Roger’s innovation diffusion theory applied to online travel shopping, an empirical application is used to assess and compare the different approaches used to estimate a formative second-order construct. The proposed model examines the innovations characteristics that have an impact on intentions to purchase travel online, using data from a convenience sample of 1,732 responses.

Findings
The findings show that all approaches produce similar results regarding the path coefficients, the predictive relevance of the model and the explained variance. The main differences between the approaches are related to the weights of the first-order constructs on the second-order construct and the significance of those weights. Several recommendations are made for researchers on which approach to use.

Originality/value
Since most research has focused on second-order constructs with a reflective measurement and there is limited research with formative second-order constructs, this paper provides a comparison of the different approaches typically used to estimate a formative second-order construct and present useful guidelines for researchers to decide the method to analyse a model with second-order constructs and how to assess formative second-order constructs.
The need for care integration across hospital services for adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Benenson Irina , Jadotte Yuri T. , Holly Cheryl 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the risk factors and characteristics that influence the integration of quality care across hospital services by adult Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a systematic review.

Findings
Painful vaso-occlusive crisis was the major cause of hospital and emergency department admissions in patients with SCD, although high utilizing patients had more diagnoses of acute chest syndrome and sepsis. High utilizers also had more SCD complications (aseptic necrosis) and infections. Patients who were publically insured accounted for 76.5 percent (95% CI: 0.632–0.861) of all patients. Patients aged 18–30 years had the highest rate of utilization, which declined in those over 50. Women were more likely than men to seek hospital services.

Research limitations/implications
There is a need for prospective studies with a prolonged follow-up, reasonable sample size, objective methods of data collection and similar outcome measures that address characteristics of utilization and integration across different clinical settings for this population.

Practical implications
There is a small subset of patients with SCD who consume a large percentage of resources. This may lend itself well to targeted collaborative and integrated care management services for these high consumers of healthcare resources.

Social implications
SCD patients who used hospital services for care, regardless of the frequency of their encounters, were more likely young women who relied heavily on public insurance to seek relief from the pain of vaso-occlusive crises. The majority were from African–American and Hispanic communities.

Originality/value
This study examines the consumption of resources by a high utilizing group as a necessary step in the development of an integrated care management pathway.
SEC’s Division of Investment Management voices concerns over registered funds investing in cryptocurrencies and cryptocurrency-related products
Authors: Avdeychik Vadim , Capozzi Justin 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to provide an overview of recent US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Division of Investment Management staff (“Staff”) guidance related to investment funds registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 that seeks to provide exposure to cryptocurrencies or cryptocurrency-related products.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper provides analysis regarding the Staff’s view on registered investment companies that intend to invest in cryptocurrencies or cryptocurrency-related products, including an overview of the questions posed by the Staff with respect to registered investment companies that seek to hold cryptocurrencies or cryptocurrency-related products, which are divided into five categories: valuation, liquidity, custody, arbitrage (for exchange-traded funds) and potential manipulation and other risks.

Findings
The Staff is asking for additional information from industry participants to fully analyze and evaluate registered investment companies that seek to invest in cryptocurrencies.

Practical implications
The industry should continue to provide information to the Staff with the short-term goal of fostering an open dialogue and with the long-term goal of launching a registered investment company that invests in cryptocurrencies or cryptocurrency-related products.

Originality/value
This paper provides practical guidance from experienced lawyers of the Investment Company Act and Securities Act.
Five crypto-securities trends that spell more lawsuits in 2018
Authors: Pao William K. , Sibbitt Eric , Evenson Taylor R. , Weisberg Andrew J. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify trends in the unfolding wave of crypto-securities cases targeting initial coin offerings and discuss the reasons why these suits will likely proliferate.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors of this paper, all attorneys, conducted a review of 13 crypto-securities cases filed as of February 8, 2018. High-level common themes and trends were identified based on that review.

Findings
This paper concludes that, for multiple reasons, the number of crypto-securities suits is likely to rise in 2018.

Originality/value
This paper contains in-depth analysis about trends in crypto-securities suits from experienced securities lawyers.
Between ethics and law
Authors: Carminati Lara 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer a critical and broad perspective on how transnational companies (TNCs) behave in the global context, focussing its attention on the controversial issue of tax avoidance in the UK. It pursues this aim by taking into account not only economic globalisation, mobility of capital and tax havens but also ethics and corporate social responsibility.Design/methodology/approachThis paper seeks to provide an interdisciplinary viewpoint drawing not only from well-established scholarly literature but also from real cases and evidence, such as the scandals involving corporate giants, such as Starbucks, Google and Amazon in the UK.FindingsThis paper highlights the fundamental interplay and mutual aid of ethics and international laws, underlining the increasing importance of corporate social responsibility principles in today’s business practices. However, it also emphasises the need of reinforcing these principles with either regional or universalistic legal approaches to tackle TNCs’ misconduct in the international arena.Practical implicationsThis paper suggests that by establishing and enforcing international business laws, increasingly aligned with ethical principles, the gap between ethics and legislation can be consistently bridged. Hence, TNCs’ behaviour could be more efficiently controlled.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature on modern economic globalisation by providing a comprehensive and integrative perspective on TNCs’ behaviour, accounting for the interplay of socio-ethical, legal and business principles.
A deep learning method for data recovery in sensor networks using effective spatio-temporal correlation data
Authors: Du Jinghan , Chen Haiyan , Zhang Weining 
Published: July 2018

PurposeIn large-scale monitoring systems, sensors in different locations are deployed to collect massive useful time-series data, which can help in real-time data analytics and its related applications. However, affected by hardware device itself, sensor nodes often fail to work, resulting in a common phenomenon that the collected data are incomplete. The purpose of this study is to predict and recover the missing data in sensor networks.Design/methodology/approachConsidering the spatio-temporal correlation of large-scale sensor data, this paper proposes a data recover model in sensor networks based on a deep learning method, i.e. deep belief network (DBN). Specifically, when one sensor fails, the historical time-series data of its own and the real-time data from surrounding sensor nodes, which have high similarity with a failure observed using the proposed similarity filter, are collected first. Then, the high-level feature representation of these spatio-temporal correlation data is extracted by DBN. Moreover, to determine the structure of a DBN model, a reconstruction error-based algorithm is proposed. Finally, the missing data are predicted based on these features by a single-layer neural network.FindingsThis paper collects a noise data set from an airport monitoring system for experiments. Various comparative experiments show that the proposed algorithms are effective. The proposed data recovery model is compared with several other classical models, and the experimental results prove that the deep learning-based model can not only get a better prediction accuracy but also get a better performance in training time and model robustness.Originality/valueA deep learning method is investigated in data recovery task, and it proved to be effective compared with other previous methods. This might provide a practical experience in the application of a deep learning method.