bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MICROGLIOSISINWHITEMATTER OF THE BRAIN IN CHRONIC HCV-INFECTION: MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Maybogin A. M. , Nedzved M. K. 
Published: September 2019

The course of a chronic HCV infection in 50% of cases is followed by affection of the brain. Its most frequent manifestations are various cognitive and psychogenic and neurological disorders. It is considered they are based on the activation of HCV infected microglial cells and related to this exitotoxic injury of neurons. According to the data of literature similar changes of microglia in white matter play an important role in a pathogenesis of HIV-associated subcortical dementia. Despite active studying the role of microglia in HCV infection, structural changes and tissue reactions of these cells in nervous tissue remain unexplored. In this regard the purpose of this research was comprehensive immunomorphological research of microglia cells in white matter of different departments of brain in HCV infection. Object of a research was autopsy samples of white brain matter from 40 patients died in the outcome of a chronic HCV infection. 20 people deceased without infectious and mental pathology made up the control group. After histological processing by standard methodic microscopic sections of white matter samples were prepared and stained with review and elective stainings. The immunohistochemical research was conducted using antibodies to virus protein NS3 and antibodies to CD68 microglia cells. The evaluation of microglia cells reactive changes in nervous tissue was performed with submitted earlier methodic. Statistical processing of results was carried out by dispersive Kruskal-Wallis analysis using the SSPS application programs. Level of significance p was accepted equal 0,05. It was established that during chronic HCV infection in white matter of the brain occurs productive changes of microglia cells. They are presented with diffuse and focal anizomorphic microgliosis which expressiveness differs depending on departments of the brain develop (p=0,000). The highest rates of a microgliosis are defined in white matter of brain hemispheres and a brainstem (р=0,05). Morphological features of microgliosis during HCV infection include glial knots formation, phagocytic transformation of microglia with prevalence of amoeboid cells, granular globes appearance, rod microglia congestions in a hippocampus and also degenerative changes in perifocal white matter. These changes of a microglia can be considered as a morphological equivalent of infected with HCV microglia cells activation. The revealed changes indicate that the microgliosis is typical morphological feature of brain injury during chronic HCV infection, and it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the HCV-associated damage of central nervous system.
BLOOD OF CYTOKINE LEVELS AND THEIR CORRELATIONS WITH LIVER INJURY IN PATIENTS COINFECTED WITH HIV AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS
Authors: Korolevskaya L. B. , Saydakova E. V. , Shmagel K. V. 
Published: September 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of blood of cytokines and their correlations with indices of liver injury in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus. Materials and methods. 61 persons were enrolled in the study: HIV/VHC coinfected patients (n=20), HIV monoinfected patients (n=21) and non-infected volunteers (n=20). Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-5, TNF-a, VEGF, FGF basic and biomarkers of liver injury (AST, SGPT, APRI) were measured. The significant increase in serum levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in HIV/VHC co-infected patients compared to the same indices in HIV mono-infected patients was detected. Positive correlation between biomarkers of liver injury and concentrations of observed cytokines and growth factors was found. Conclusion. In chronic inflammation, increased level of peripheral proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their associations with biomarkers of liver injury may explain accelerated liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV coinfected patients.
PREPAREDNESS OF DOCTORS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN TERMS OF HIGH SPREADING HIV-INFECTION
Authors: Novoselov P. N. , Radzikhovskaya M. V. , Denisenko I. A. , Dudarova T. P. , Ebert I. V. 
Published: September 2019

Objective: to study the knowledge of general practitioners and general practitioners (family medicine) on the identification and early diagnosis of tuberculosis in conditions of high HIV prevalence. Materials and methods. The source of information was the results of an anonymous one-step survey by questioning 140 general practitioners and general practitioners (family medicine) on issues that determine the level of knowledge and readiness to apply them in practice according to the requirements of the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia № 951 of December 29, 2014 «On Approval of Methodological recommendations for improving the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tuberculosis». Questionnaires included 13 questions of a closed type. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS-17 computer application package. Results and its discussion. The obtained data demonstrated an insufficient level of knowledge of the interviewed specialists in the field of early diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, especially in patients with HIV infection, which justifies the need for training of physicians providing medical care in the framework of primary health care in the early detection of tuberculosis, including patients with HIV infection.
ATTITUDE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS TO HIV INFECTED PERSONS
Authors: Khryanin A. A. , Reshetnikov O. V. , Bocharova V. K. , Russkikh M. V. , Marinkin I. O. 
Published: September 2019

Western Siberia is one of the main regions with a large number of HIV-infected individuals. District therapists are the main link that makes the first contact with HIV infected people. However, it is not yet clear how general practitioners agree with the communication with HIV infected people. In turn, effective communication between the doctor and the patient can be crucial in the formation of a positive attitude of the patient to treatment and significantly affect the effectiveness of future treatment activities. The study was conducted in 2017 by anonymous questionnaires. The study involved 334 medical students of the 4th year of the therapeutic and pediatric faculties of the NSMU. For the survey, an adapted questionnaire was developed, based on the UNAIDS model questionnaire. It was found that medical students do not condemn HIV infected people. They do not believe that people with a positive HIV status necessarily behave immorally and therefore deserve this disease. They are ready to help these patients, although they themselves feel the fear of infection during medical manipulations. A lack of knowledge of a number of legal issues concerning HIV infected patients has been established.
Machine Learning to Predict the Risk of Incident Heart Failure Hospitalization Among Patients With Diabetes: The WATCH-DM Risk Score
Authors: Segar Matthew W. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Patel Kershaw V. , McGuire Darren K. , Butler Javed , Fonarow Gregg C. , Basit Mujeeb , Kannan Vaishnavi , Grodin Justin L. , Everett Brendan , Willett Duwayne , Berry Jarett , Pandey Ambarish 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE
To develop and validate a novel, machine learning–derived model to predict the risk of heart failure (HF) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using data from 8,756 patients free at baseline of HF, with &lt;10% missing data, and enrolled in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial, we used random survival forest (RSF) methods, a nonparametric decision tree machine learning approach, to identify predictors of incident HF. The RSF model was externally validated in a cohort of individuals with T2DM using the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT).

RESULTS
Over a median follow-up of 4.9 years, 319 patients (3.6%) developed incident HF. The RSF models demonstrated better discrimination than the best performing Cox-based method (C-index 0.77 [95% CI 0.75–0.80] vs. 0.73 [0.70–0.76] respectively) and had acceptable calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic χ2 = 9.63, P = 0.29) in the internal validation data set. From the identified predictors, an integer-based risk score for 5-year HF incidence was created: the WATCH-DM (Weight [BMI], Age, hyperTension, Creatinine, HDL-C, Diabetes control [fasting plasma glucose], QRS Duration, MI, and CABG) risk score. Each 1-unit increment in the risk score was associated with a 24% higher relative risk of HF within 5 years. The cumulative 5-year incidence of HF increased in a graded fashion from 1.1% in quintile 1 (WATCH-DM score ≤7) to 17.4% in quintile 5 (WATCH-DM score ≥14). In the external validation cohort, the RSF-based risk prediction model and the WATCH-DM risk score performed well with good discrimination (C-index = 0.74 and 0.70, respectively), acceptable calibration (P ≥0.20 for both), and broad risk stratification (5-year HF risk range from 2.5 to 18.7% across quintiles 1–5).

CONCLUSIONS
We developed and validated a novel, machine learning–derived risk score that integrates readily available clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiographic variables to predict the risk of HF among outpatients with T2DM.
Experience of using polymethyl methacrylate membranes for anti-HLA antibodies’ elimination by hemodialysis in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Pervakova E. I. , Vasilets V. V. , Rzhevskaya O. N. , Borovkova N. V. , Pinchuk A. V. 
Published: September 2019

Introduction. In recipients with pre-existing sensitization with incompatible antigens of the main histocompatibility complex, the kidney graft survival after retransplantations directly depends on the level of anti-HLA antibodies. Despite many years of experience in using various methods: plasmapheresis, cascade filtration, immunosorption, intravenous administration of immunoglobulins, the use of polyclonal anti-lymphocytic agents, the search for more acceptable ways to reduce the level of anti-HLA antibodies still remains relevant nowadays.The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of polymethyl methacrylate membrane-based dialyzers on the decrease in anti-HLA antibody level in renal transplant recipients.Material and methods. The study included 20 kidney transplant recipients. The main study group consisted of 10 patients who underwent early postoperatoive hemodialysis using polymethyl methacrylate membrane-based dialyzers to decrease anti-HLA antibody level. A total of 53 hemodialysis procedures were performed, an average of 5.3 per patient. The comparison group included 10 recipients in whom plasmapheresis had been performed at similar timing after kidney transplantation aimed at reducing the anti-HLA antibody titers and whose data were studied retrospectively. A total of 38 plasmapheresis sessions were performed, an average of 3.8 per patient.Results. In the main study group, a day after the hemodialysis procedure using polymethyl methacrylate membranebased dialyzers the level of anti-HLA antibodies decreased by an average of 28.3% in 6 of 10 patients (60%), and increased in 4 cases. Meanwhile, in the comparison group, the level of anti-HLA antibodies in venous blood after a plasmapheresis session decreased average by 44.6% in 8 patients of 10 (80%), and increased in 2 cases, on the contrary. Of note, there were no significant differences between the patients of the two compared groups either in the number of positive results (p> 0.05, Fisher's exact test), or in terms of the decrease in anti-HLA antibody level (p> 0.05, Mann – Whitney test). On days 2 and 5, in 50% of cases both after the hemodialysis procedure using polymethyl methacrylate membranebased dialyzers and after the plasmapheresis session, the patients showed an increase in the anti-HLA antibodies level compared to the baseline values. In the remaining cases, the level of anti-HLA antibodies in both groups was recorded at a lower range compared to the baseline values.Conclusion. The use of polymethyl methacrylate membrane-based dialyzers in the renal allograft recipients having a high level of preexisting anti-HLA antibodies seems promising for the period of oligoanuria until the renal allograft function is restored, since both hemodialysis and the sorption of pre-existing (and also newly synthesized) antibodies take place simultaneously.
Modern materials for the reconstruction of the cranial vault bones
Authors: Ofitserov A. A. , Borovkova N. V. , Talypov A. E. , Ponomarev I. N. 
Published: September 2019

Introduction. The need for cranioplasty occurs after the removal of the bony structures of the cranial vault. Craniotomy can be performed both in emergency as in case of increased intracranial pressure, and as a planned operation in the treatment of neoplasms or abscesses. A long-lasting presence of an extensive bone defect is the cause of the "trephined skull" syndrome development. Currently, cranioplasty is performed with materials of synthetic or natural origin. Synthetic materials include hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, polymethyl methacrylate. The natural materials include the auto-, allo- and xenografts. The main disadvantage of bone autografts is their rapid lysis. The most promising solution to this problem may include a lyophilization method with transplant saturation with growth factors, the source of which can be autoplasma rich in platelets. Of particular relevance is the development of methods for the preparation and preservation of an autograft, its modification in order to increase osteoreparative properties, which will bring the cranioplasty method with natural transplants to a whole new level.The purpose of research. Combine relevant data and the results of a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of existing bone-plastic materials.
Alfabetização matemática em classes multisseriadas de escolas ribeirinhas da Amazônia: atuação docente em foco
Authors: De Oliveira José , De Lucena Isabel Cristina 
Published: September 2019

Problematiza a atuação de professores que ensinam matemática em classes multisseriadas de escolas ribeirinhas da Amazônia paraense. Enfatizaram-se questões acerca do ensino-aprendizagem, no âmbito da alfabetização matemática, desenvolvidas em escolas situadas às margens ou nas proximidades dos rios da região nordeste do Pará. Os dados foram construídos com base em informações dadas por seis professores em sete escolas municipais. Os resultados identificam que a alfabetização matemática expressa no contexto ribeirinho ainda se restringe às experiências matemáticas estritamente baseadas em orientações didáticas e curriculares de âmbito global, sem levar em consideração a riqueza de possibilidades de conhecimentos sugeridas pelas experiências dos estudantes em seu contexto diário.
Condições do trabalho docente: uma análise da carreira na rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo
Authors: Arelaro Lisete Regina , Jacomini Márcia , De Souza Nilson , Santos Kátia 
Published: September 2019

A partir dos anos de 1990, Estados e municípios passaram a elaborar ou adequar os planos de carreira, cargos e salários dos profissionais do magistério em face das novas legislações: Constituição Federal de 1988, Emenda Constitucional nº 14 de 1996, Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional de 1996 e, mais recentemente, Resolução do CNE/CEB nº 2/2009, Parecer CNE/CEB nº 9/2009 e Lei nº 11.738/2008 (Lei do Piso). Considerando essa nova legislação, neste texto são analisadas as formas de ingresso, a composição da jornada de trabalho, a progressão na carreira e a composição da remuneração, com base na Lei nº 14.660/2007, que trata do plano de carreira dos profissionais do ensino da rede municipal de São Paulo. Verificou-se que em torno de 90% dos professores são efetivos; que há várias jornadas de trabalho, das quais numa delas 1/3 das horas é destinado a atividades extraclasse e o professor pode trabalhar até 70 horas semanais. A progressão funcional está baseada em títulos e tempo de serviço, embora a avaliação de desempenho esteja prevista na Lei. Apesar de o piso salarial ser superior ao piso nacional, por ser a cidade mais rica e com um dos maiores custos de vida do País, não se trata de uma remuneração que se destaca como exemplo de valorização do magistério.
Instruções aos Colaboradores
Authors: Executiva Editoria 
Published: September 2019

APRESENTAÇÃO Criada em 1944, a Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (Rbep) é um periódico editado em formato impresso e eletrônico e tem periodicidade quadrimestral. Publica artigos inéditos de natureza técnicocientífica, resultantes de estudos e pesquisas que contribuam para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento educacional e que possam oferecer subsídios às decisões políticas na área. Seu público-leitor é formado por professores, pesquisadores e alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, técnicos e gestores da área de educação.
Instruções aos Colaboradores
Authors: Executiva Editoria 
Published: September 2019

APRESENTAÇÃO Criada em 1944, a Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (Rbep) é um periódico editado em formato impresso e eletrônico e tem periodicidade quadrimestral. Publica artigos inéditos de natureza técnico-científica, resultantes de estudos e pesquisas que contribuam para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento educacional. Seu público-leitor é formado por professores, pesquisadores e alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, técnicos e gestores da área de educação.
The Moderating Effect of Organizational Characteristics on The Relationship Between Information Technology Integration and Performance: Empirical Evidence from Selected Public Hospitals in Kenya
Authors: Malongo Kenneth Iloka , Muathe Stephen , Waithaka Stephen Titus 
Published: September 2019

With the continuing digital revolution steered by the Internet, organizations are moving towards information technology integration to improve their performance. Regrettably, these developments have in no way been all-inclusive. The health gap between public institutions in first, second and third world nations has broadened. Public organizations in second and third world nations are characterized by poor performance. This study sought to establish the moderating effect of organizational characteristics on the relationship between information technology and performance of public hospitals in Kenya. The study used Technology Organization Environment (TOE) theory. The study was guided by explanatory and cross-sectional research design. The target population was 98 public hospitals in Kenya. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 294 respondents. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were used. The study results established that organizational characteristics moderated the relationship between information technology integration and performance of public hospitals in Kenya. Therefore, study concluded that organizational characteristics play a major role in an organization’s adoption and utilization of information technology integration. The study recommends technologies should be customized to fit the type of organizational characteristics for better performance.
SkinSpecs: A Mobile Solution that Addresses an Unmet Need for Tracking Chronic Skin Diseases in the Office and at Home
Authors: Afanasiev Olga K , Tabata Mika , Narla Akhila , Scott Gregory , Ko Justin M 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Currently there are no portable solutions to robustly document and longitudinally monitor dynamically changing chronic skin conditions. This study set out to engineer and test a mobile-based 3D imaging solution for chronic skin diseases to enhance clinical workflow and patient care.Methods: SkinSpecs uses smartphone-captured videos of patients’ skin disease and renders 3D true-to-life models that were evaluated by Stanford Health Care dermatologists.Results: We utilized video input to accurately reconstruct interactive 3D models of 16 different skin conditions from 31 patients. Assessment of SkinSpecs 3D reconstruction is faster (p<0.05) compared to descriptive exam, standard photographs or original videos. Dermatologists maintained highest accuracy, confidence and satisfaction with 3D reconstruction. Dermatologist preferred SkinSpecs for documentation over other capture modalities. SkinSpecs was favorably used by dermatologists, with high satisfaction with resolution, breadth of visual information, time and ability to pick up incidental findings.Conclusion: We identified a proof-of-concept solution to objectively and robustly capture skin disease, with an office and home workflow that is acceptable to providers and patients. This fast, scalable method is deployable on smartphones and could be utilized to augment clinical decision making in the clinic and to empower patients at home.
Indian Surgeons’ Perspective Regarding Breast-Conserving Surgery: A Cohort Study
Authors: Bothra Sapana , Sabaretnam Mayilvaganan , Chand Gyan , Mishra Anjali , Agarwal Gaurav , Agarwal Amit 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) has constantly evolved and recently involves many new facets in the form of SLNB, breast oncoplastic surgery, and brachytherapy. Breast surgeons are required to constantly unlearn and learn to keep abreast with the new guidelines. We aimed to study the Indian surgeons’ perspective about BCS.

Participants:
We mailed a questionnaire containing 20 questions regarding various aspects of BCS to 1200 surgeons. of these, 112 surgeons (40 endocrine surgeons, 40 surgical oncologists, and 32 general surgeons) responded.

Results:
We found that surgeons in the 31 to 40-year age group, surgeons with superspecialty training, surgeons working in private setup, and high-volume surgeons (>100 cases/year) were performing more BCS.

Conclusion:
Indian surgeons should have more robust training in BCS to increase the rates of BCS in India.
Real World Outcomes of Check Point Inhibitors Immunotherapy in Renal and Urothelial Cancers in a Teratiary Care Cancer Center in India
Authors: Talwar Vineet , Bothra Sneha Jatan , Goel Varun , Dash Prasanta Kumar , Jajodia Ankush , Domadia Kshitiz , Choudhary Krishna , Babu Koyyala Venkata Pradeep 
Published: September 2019

AIMS:
The real-world data regarding the response rates, tolerability, and toxicities of immunotherapy is very limited. The aim of this study is to analyze these characteristics in patients who have received immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or urothelial cancer (UC).

Methods:
Retrospective review of patients over a year from 2017–2018 diagnosed with metastatic RCC and UC in our institute who received checkpoint inhibitors was done. PFS and OS were calculated.

Results:
A total of 16 patients, 11 with metastatic RCC and 5 patients with Metastatic UC were included in this study. All patients were male and Median age was 57.5 years. Median Number of cycles administered was 6. 50% of patients had a partial response to treatment, 16.6% of patients had stable disease and 33.3% of patients had progressive disease. There were no complete responses to therapy. Median Follow up was 9 months. The median PFS of the whole cohort was 6 months, while in RCC was 6 months and in UC was 1 month. Median OS of the whole cohort is 7 months, while the median OS for RCC and UC were 7 months and 3 months respectively. Fatigue was the most common adverse effect noted and Anaemia was the most common hematological side effect seen with immunotherapy in this study.

Conclusion:
This is real-world data of the use of the immune checkpoint inhibitors in the resource-limited setting. The benefit of Immune checkpoint inhibitors may in advanced renal cell cancers and Urothelial cancers may be different from that seen in the Western population.