bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Embryonic Ascent of the Kidney Revisited
Authors: Fukuoka Kenichiro , Wilting Joerg , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Jose Francisco , Murakami Gen , Ishizawa Akimitsu , Matsubara Akio 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough the embryonic kidney's ascent is well established, the intermediate morphological changes that occur during the process are unclear. To evaluate the morphological events that accompany the kidney's ascent, we examined serial sagittal sections from 24 embryos at 5–7 weeks gestation. Six specimens had bilaterally ascending kidneys that were between the levels of the second to fifth lumbar vertebrae, and each kidney had a primitive renal cortex surrounding clusters of ampullae, which branched from the pelvis, and a dense tissue band that connected the renal cortex with the embryonic adrenal cortex or celiac ganglia, and there was no adipose capsule or renal artery. The tissue band contained abundant nerve twigs from the major splanchnic nerve; thus, it was conceivable that it was sufficiently rigid to support the length of the retroperitoneal tissue mass that included the embryonic adrenal cortex, celiac ganglia, and kidney. The lumbar vertebral body's height was much shorter than that of the ascending kidney. However, the lower vertebral column's curvature was often maintained, even when the kidneys had ascended. Therefore, vertebral column straightening was not the only factor required to drive the ascent. Together with the growth of the thorax and liver, the adrenal cortex, ganglia, and kidney appeared to change simultaneously at a position relative to the vertebrae. The renal artery established a connection to the renal cortex after the ascent. Evaluations of frontal sections from five additional specimens suggested that from its initial position, the kidney extended upwards between bilateral umbilical arteries. Anat Rec, 302:278–287, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Changes of Mitochondria in Substantia Nigra and Anterior Cerebral Cortex of Hepatic Encephalopathy Induced by Thioacetamide
Authors: Bai Yunhu , Wang Shengming , Wu Feifei , Xie Xiangjun , Wang Yayun , Yang Yanling 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting from chronic or acute liver failure. Under the condition of HE, various factors such as reactive oxygen species, inflammatory factors, ammonia poisoning and amino acids alteration lead to changes of mitochondria. Selective depletion of damaged mitochondrion is essential for maintaining the morphology and function of mitochondria and cells. In this study, molecular biology analysis was used to analyze the mitochondrial morphology in the substantia nigra (SN) and anterior cerebral cortex (ACC) of the HE mice. The results revealed that the drp1, mfn1 and mfn2 increased in mRNA level of SN, which indicated the changes of mitochondrial morphology in HE mice. The drp1 and mfn2 genes were up‐regulated, then, the Opa1 exhibited no significant change in the ACC of HE mice. Further study demonstrated that the mitochondrial autophagy related genes, pink1 and parkin, increased in SN, while the parkin reduced in ACC of HE mice. In addition, uncoupling protein (ucp2) increased in mRNA level of SN and ACC, and the ucp4 had no change or reduced in SN and ACC, respectively. These findings suggested that the mitochondrial dynamics is different in the SN and ACC of HE mice. Therefore, our results indicated that mitochondrial dynamics provided a potential treatment strategy for HE through the fission, fusion and autophagy of genes. Anat Rec, 302:1169–1177, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Vertebral Comparative Anatomy and Morphological Differences in Anguine Lizards With a Special Reference to Pseudopus apodus
Authors: Čerňanský Andrej , Yaryhin Oleksandr , Ciceková Jana , Werneburg Ingmar , Hain Miroslav , Klembara Jozef 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe article reports on the first detailed vertebral and rib morphology of anguine taxon Pseudopus apodus using micro‐computed tomography. A comparison shows significant morphological differences of vertebrae of Pseudopus relative to those of Anguis and Ophisaurus. Usually, there are 55 presacral vertebrae, two sacral, and 95–97 caudal vertebrae. Pseudopus apodus can be defined by 23 diagnostic features concerning the vertebral column. Although zygapophyseal articulation between atlas and axis is well developed in limbed anguid gerrhonotine lizards like Abronia or Barisia, it is absent in the extant representatives of the clade Anguinae, which are limbless. Thus, our study brings further support to the hypothesis about the complete reduction of this articulation in forms with reduced or absent limbs. Comparison of adult and juvenile morphology of vertebrae of P. apodus was also analyzed. Heterochrony in the evolution of this taxon was previously confirmed by its skull morphology and it can be also documented on the basis of vertebrae. Our data suggest that a peramorphic heterochronic process played a role in the evolution of this largest extant anguine species. Geometric morphometric analyses revealed a pattern of high vertebral disparity among species. We found a clear separation of limbless forms in morphospace. Pseudopus apodus always clusters within Ophisaurus‐species confirming molecular and some morphological phylogenies. Only the first tail vertebra shows a distinct difference to those of other anguids, which might be related to altered locomotion associated to the larger body size in this species. Anat Rec, 302:232–257, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Donepezil–melatonin hybrids as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Improving binding affinity through varying mode of linking fragments
Authors: Łozińska Iwona , Świerczyńska Aleksandra , Molęda Zuzanna , Hartman Alwin M. , Hirsch Anna K. H. , Czarnocki Zbigniew 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHybrid inhibitors of acetyl‐ and butyrylcholinesterase are compounds that combine structural motifs of two different classical inhibitors, leading to a dual binding ligand. A rapidly growing collection of those compounds involves a wide diversity of structural motifs, but the way of linking two active fragments and its impact on the affinity toward cholinesterases usually remains beyond the extent of investigation. We present hereby a detailed analysis of this aspect using melatonin–donepezil hybrids. A new series of compounds, in which two fragments are connected using a carbamate linker, exhibits excellent activity and selectivity toward butyrylcholinesterase.
Intermolecular Dehydrative Coupling and Intramolecular Cyclization of Ruthenium Vinylidene Complexes Formed from Aromatic Propynes Containing Carbonyl Functionalities
Authors: Chia Pi‐Yeh , Kuo Cheng‐Chen , Huang Shou‐Ling , Liu Yi‐Hong , Liu Ling‐Kang , Lin Ying‐Chih 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA remarkable intermolecular dehydrative coupling reaction with the formation of a C−C bond was found for the vinylidene complex 2 a, yielding the dinuclear bisvinylidene complex 4 a. Complex 2 a containing 1‐hydroxyindan moiety was first formed from the reaction of o‐propynyl benzaldehyde 1 a with [Ru]–Cl ([Ru]=Cp(PPh3)2Ru) by a cyclization process. For analogous aldehyde 1 b containing an additional 1,3‐dioxolane group on the aryl ring, similar intermolecular coupling yields the dinuclear bisvinylidene complex 4 b. However, the fluoro group on the aryl ring in aldehyde 1 c inhibits the coupling reaction, giving only the vinylidene complex 2 c. For the reactions of [Ru]–Cl in MeOH with compounds 1 f, 1 g and 1 h, each with a ketone functionality, cyclization gives vinylidene complexes 2 f, 2 g and 2 h, respectively. However, no similar intermolecular coupling was observed, instead, the intramolecular dehydration yields 8 f, 8 g and 8 h, respectively. In CDCl3, catalytic cyclization is observed for the o‐propynylphenyl ketone 1 h with [Ru]–Cl at 50 °C giving the isochromene products 14 h. Furthermore, treatment of the o‐propynylaryl α,β‐unsaturated ketones 1 k–m and 1 n with [Ru]–Cl in MeOH affords the corresponding vinylidene complexes 10 k–m and 11 n each with 1‐benzosuberone moiety in the presence of NH4PF6. These intramolecular cyclization products were formed by the addition of Cβ onto the terminal carbon of the alkene moiety. All these reaction products were characterized by spectroscopic methods. In addition, structures of complexes 4 a, and 10 l were confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Insistence on sameness and broader autism phenotype in simplex families with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Esler Amy N. , Stronach Sheri T. , Jacob Suma 
Published: October 2018

Insistence on sameness (IS) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families may have utility in identifying meaningful subgroups for studying the pathophysiological and genetic pathways affected in ASD. The primary objectives of the current study were to (1) characterize features of IS in parents of children with ASD and (2) examine their relationships with child IS symptoms. Participants were 2760 families who participated in the Simons Simplex Collection. Levels of parent IS were measured using the Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ). A factor analysis generated a BAPQ‐IS scale, consisting of a subset of 11 items from the original BAPQ‐Rigid scale. Correlations were run to examine the relationship between parent BAP and child IS variables. Correlations were found between parent IS and measures of child IS. Although relationships between parent and child IS features were statistically significant in this large sample, effect sizes were small. Results may be reflective of sample design that only included simplex families, where ASD severity may be predominantly driven by spontaneous mutations and less by common inherited risk from parents. In addition, child and parent measures used may have differentially captured features and severity of IS. Further research is needed on how IS can be accurately measured throughout development and across individuals with ASD and their unaffected family members to facilitate future studies on IS as a possible endophenotype for ASD.Autism Res2018, 11: 1253–1263. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryPrevious research has suggested that insistence on sameness (IS) may be a heritable trait in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study examined whether children with high levels of IS had parents with IS tendencies. A small relationship was found between parent and child measures of IS. Future research is needed on measurement of insistence on sameness across individuals with and without ASD to further examine this relationship and improve understanding of the genetics of ASD.
Einfluss geometrischer und hydraulischer Parameter auf das Verhalten abwandernder Fische an Wasserkraftanlagen
Authors: Klopries Elena‐Maria , Böckmann Imke , Hoffmann Andreas , Schüttrumpf Holger 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFür den Schutz abwandernder Fische vor einer schädlichen Turbinenpassage können Rechen‐Bypass‐Systeme eine wirksame Maßnahme sein. Um möglichst viele Fische auf ihrer abwärtsgerichteten Wanderung durch ein solches System zu schützen, sollten die Verhaltensweisen der Fische bei der Bemessung des Systems Berücksichtigung finden. In ethohydraulischen Untersuchungen mit Aalen, Äschen, Flussbarschen, Lachssmolts und Rotaugen wurden geometrische und hydraulische Parameter eines Vertikalrechens getestet, um über die Kombination aus Verhaltensbeobachtungen der Fische und Strömungsmessungen Erkenntnisse über die Wirkung des Rechens zu ermitteln. Die Ergebnisse der Auswertung der Verhaltensweisen zeigen, dass neben der Anströmgeschwindigkeit vor allem der Rechenstababstand einen maßgebenden Einfluss auf die Filterwirkung eines Rechens und das Suchverhalten der Fische hat.
Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitory Polyketides from the Sponge‐Associated Fungus Xylaria feejeensis
Authors: Wang Jie , Xu Cong‐Cong , Tang Hua , Su Li , Chou Yalan , Soong Keryea , Li Jiao , Zhuang Chun‐Lin , Luo Yan‐Ping , Zhang Wen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new ten‐membered macrolide (1) and a new α‐pyrone derivative, (−)‐annularin C (2), together with 14 known analogs (3–16) were isolated from the AcOEt extract of the fungus Xylaria feejeensis isolated from the South China Sea sponge Stylissa massa. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by the spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with reported data. The absolute configuration was determined by the optical rotation and ECD experiments. In an in vitro test, compounds 1, 5 and 9 exhibited significant down‐regulating activity of osteoclast cell differentiation at 0.5 and 1 μm. This is the first report of the fungus X. feejeensis from a marine sponge and of osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activity for the metabolites of these kinds.
Planning percutaneous coronary interventions using computed tomography angiography and fractional flow reserve‐derived from computed tomography: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Feldmann Kyle , Cami Elvis , Safian Robert D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFractional flow reserve derived by coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA; FFRCT) is an accurate noninvasive method for identifying coronary artery disease (CAD) and detecting hemodynamically significant stenosis. Although initially proposed as noninvasive tools to “rule out” significant CAD in low‐risk patients, CTA and FFRCT are now utilized in higher‐risk patients. Furthermore, new applications of CTA and FFRCT include a planning tool for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which allows the cardiologist to assess lesion‐specific ischemia, plan stent locations and sizes, and use virtual remodeling of the lumen (virtual stenting) to assess the functional impact of PCI. The purpose of this review is to discuss the principles of CTA and FFRCT acquisition, and their application for PCI planning, even before invasive angiography is performed.
Missense variants in TMEM67 in a patient with Joubert syndrome
Authors: Huynh Julie M. , Galindo Maureen , Laukaitis Christina M. 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe present a patient with a clinical diagnosis of Joubert syndrome with COACH phenotype who carries two TMEM67 variants of uncertain significance (VUS). One VUS can be reclassified as “likely pathogenic” by adding clinical data. As genetic testing becomes more accessible, more VUS will require clinical correlation for accurate classification.
Gold Catalysis in (Supra)Molecular Cages to Control Reactivity and Selectivity
Authors: Jans Anne C. H. , Caumes Xavier , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGold catalysis has experienced a tremendous development over the past decades, and is nowadays widely used in organic synthesis to perform chemical transformations of π‐bond‐containing molecules. Catalyst development has been based mostly on ligand development and counter‐ion strategies. More recently, the encapsulation of gold catalysts in (supra)molecular cages was explored as a new way to control selectivity and reactivity of gold catalysts. In this review, we describe the cages that have been employed as hosts for gold complexes, along with their impact on the catalytic performance. Covalent and supramolecular approaches to encapsulate single metal complexes will be described and the impact on the catalytic performance will be discussed. Also, recent strategies to pre‐organize multiple metal centers will be discussed.
Size Engineering and Crystallinity Control Enable High‐Capacity Aqueous Potassium‐Ion Storage of Prussian White Analogues
Authors: Li Chang , Wang Xusheng , Deng Wenjun , Liu Chunyi , Chen Jitao , Li Rui , Xue Mianqi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAqueous potassium‐ion batteries have demonstrated huge potential in the field of energy storage, owing to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and high safety, yet with poor cycling stability and rate capability. Here, potassium Prussian white analogues (K‐PW) with different gradients in crystallinity and size have been synthesized by controlling the acidity of hydrothermal environment. The as‐synthesized K1.93Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.97 ⋅ 1.82H2O nanoparticles deliver considerable reversible capacities of 142 mAh g−1 at 75 mA g−1, even 40 mAh g−1 at 9000 mA g−1, and high capacity retention of 88 % after 300 cycles at 1500 mA g−1 in a KNO3 aqueous electrolyte. High crystallinity and short ion‐diffusion length determine the fast ion‐intercalation kinetics and, thus, enable the superior rate capability. These results reveal the feasibility of using K‐PW for practical applications in aqueous potassium‐ion batteries.
Visible‐Light‐Active Mixed‐Valent Copper‐Ion‐Coordinated 2,5‐Dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐Based p‐Type Metallopolymer
Authors: Udachyan Iranna , Kumara Pradeepa , Vishwanath R. S. , Kandaiah Sakthivel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVisible‐light‐active coordination metallopolymer and metal‐organic frameworks have gained substantial attention in recent years, owing to their tunable electronic properties. Herein, we present a novel copper‐ion‐containing metallopolymer, which exhibits visible‐light absorption and p‐type photoelectrochemical behavior. The functional thiadiazole‐based metallopolymer thin films were prepared by using both chemical and electrochemical methods on fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrates. XPS, Raman, and FTIR spectral investigations evidence the presence of Cu(II), Cu(I), Cu−S, and disulfide (S−S)2− linkages in the polymeric network. The swift photoresponses, repeatable photovoltage of approximately 55 mV with zero applied current, and high photocurrent values at different bias potentials (ca. 24 μA cm−2 @ −0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 0.1 KCl) in acidic electrolytes (0.5 M H2SO4) suggest that this metallopolymer as an acid‐stable p‐type photocathode material. In contrast, the electropolymerized non‐metallated polymers exhibit n‐type photoactivity. Photoelectrochemical sensing studies reveal the analyte‐induced reduction in photoactivity.
Molecular Receptors for Recognition and Sensing of Nucleotides
Authors: Agafontsev Aleksandr M. , Ravi Anil , Shumilova Tatiana A. , Oshchepkov Aleksandr S. , Kataev Evgeny A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNucleotides are constituents of nucleic acids and they have a variety of functions in cellular metabolism. Synthetic receptors and sensors are required to reveal the role of nucleotides in living organisms and mechanisms of signal transduction events. In recent years, a large number of nucleotide‐selective synthetic receptors have been devised, which utilize different molecular designs and sensing mechanisms. This Minireview presents recent progress in the design of synthetic molecular receptors for selective recognition of nucleotides in aqueous solution. The binding properties of receptors and the origins of their selectivity for a particular nucleotide are discussed.
Synthesis, Structure and Nickel Carbonyl Complexes of Dialkylterphenyl Phosphines
Authors: Marín Mario , Moreno Juan J. , Navarro‐Gilabert Carlos , Álvarez Eleuterio , Maya Celia , Peloso Riccardo , Nicasio M. Carmen , Carmona Ernesto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe experimental and computational characterization of a series of dialkylterphenyl phosphines, PR2Ar′ is described. The new P‐donors comprise five compounds of general formula PR2Ar
(R=Me, Et, iPr, c‐C5H9 and c‐C6H11); Ar
= 2,6‐C6H3‐(3,5‐C6H3‐(CMe3)2)2), and another five PR2Ar′ phosphines containing the bulky alkyl groups iPr, c‐C5H9 or c‐C6H11, in combination with Ar′=Ar
, Ar
, or Ar
(L1–L10). Steric and electronic parameters have been determined computationally and from IR and X‐ray data obtained for the phosphines and for some derivatives, including tricarbonyl and dicarbonyl nickel complexes, Ni(CO)3(PR2Ar′) and Ni(CO)2(PR2Ar′). In the solid state, the free phosphines PR2Ar′ adopt one of the three possible structures formally related by rotation around the Cipso−P bond. Details on their relative energies and on the influence of the free phosphine structure on its coordination chemistry towards Ni(CO)n (n = 2, 3) fragments has been obtained by experimental and computational methods.
Imide‐Functionalized Polymer Semiconductors
Authors: Sun Huiliang , Wang Lei , Wang Yingfeng , Guo Xugang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractImide‐functionalized π‐conjugated polymer semiconductors have received a great deal of interest owing to their unique physicochemical properties and optoelectronic characteristics, including excellent solubility, highly planar backbones, widely tunable band gaps and energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals, and good film morphology. The organic electronics community has witnessed rapid expansion of the materials library and remarkable improvement in device performance recently. This review summarizes the development of imide‐functionalized polymer semiconductors as well as their device performance in organic thin‐film transistors and polymer solar cells, mainly achieved in the past three years. The materials mainly cover naphthalene diimide, perylene diimide, and bithiophene imide, and other imide‐based polymer semiconductors are also discussed. The perspective offers our insights for developing new imide‐functionalized building blocks and polymer semiconductors with optimized optoelectronic properties. We hope that this review will generate more research interest in the community to realize further improved device performance by developing new imide‐functionalized polymer semiconductors.
Regioselective Activation of a Sterically More Hindered C−C Bond of Biphenylenes Using an Alkene as Both a Directing Group and a Reaction Moiety
Authors: Takano Hideaki , Ito Takeharu , Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen , Shibata Takanori 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Rh‐catalyzed intramolecular reaction of 1‐(2‐vinylaryl)‐substituted biphenylenes was used to construct a dihydrobenzo[b]fluoranthene skeleton. This transformation was achieved by regioselective C−C bond cleavage of a sterically more hindered biphenylene site by using alkene as both a directing group and a reaction moiety. Furthermore, we measured and analyzed the photophysical properties of the new multicyclic fused compounds.
Deaminative Borylation of Aliphatic Amines Enabled by Visible Light Excitation of an Electron Donor–Acceptor Complex
Authors: Sandfort Frederik , Strieth‐Kalthoff Felix , Klauck Felix J. R. , James Michael J. , Glorius Frank 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA deaminative strategy for the borylation of aliphatic primary amines is described. Alkyl radicals derived from the single‐electron reduction of redox‐active pyridinium salts, which can be isolated or generated in situ, were borylated in a visible light‐mediated reaction with bis(catecholato)diboron. No catalyst or further additives were required. The key electron donor–acceptor complex was characterized in detail by both experimental and computational investigations. The synthetic potential of this mild protocol was demonstrated through the late‐stage functionalization of natural products and drug molecules.
Highly enantioselective Michael addition of α‐nitroacetate to α,β‐unsaturated pyrazolamide catalyzed by a bifunctional squaramide
Authors: Liu Yingying , Ye Ling , Shi Zhichuan , Yang Xuejun , Zhao Zhigang , Li Xuefeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA highly enantioselective (91‐ > 99% ee) Michael addition of α‐nitroacetate to α,β‐unsaturated pyrazolamide was developed in the presence of a bifunctional squaramide. Satisfactory isolated yields (42%‐99%) have been achieved with a wide range of α,β‐unsaturated pyrazolamides, albeit acceptor of this type displayed poor reactivity in the precedent reports. The adducts resulting from this protocol are useful synthetic intermediates for further synthetic modification.