bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of confounding in epidemiologic studies assessing alcohol consumption on the risk of ischemic heart disease: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Wallach Joshua D , Serghiou Stylianos , Chu Lingzhi , Egilman Alexander C , Vasiliou Vasilis , Ross Joseph S , Ioannidis John PA 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Among different investigators studying the same exposures and outcomes, there may be a lack of consensus about potential confounders that should be considered as matching, adjustment, or stratification variables in observational studies. Concerns have been raised that confounding factors may affect the results obtained for the alcohol-ischemic heart disease relationship, as well as their consistency and reproducibility across different studies. Therefore, we assessed how confounders are defined, operationalized, and discussed across individual studies evaluating alcohol and ischemic heart disease risk.

Methods: For observational studies included in a recent alcohol-ischemic heart disease meta-analysis, we identified all variables adjusted, matched, or stratified for in the largest reported multivariate model (i.e. potential confounders). We recorded how the variables were measured and grouped them into higher-level confounder domains. Abstracts and Discussion sections were then assessed to determine whether authors considered confounding when interpreting their study findings.

Results: 85 of 87 (97.7%) studies reported multivariate analyses for an alcohol-ischemic heart disease relationship. The most common higher-level confounder domains included were smoking (79, 92.9%), age (74, 87.1%), and BMI, height, and/or weight (57, 67.1%). However, no two models adjusted, matched, or stratified for the same higher-level confounder domains. Most (74/87, 85.1%) articles mentioned or alluded to “confounding” in their Abstract or Discussion sections, but only one stated that their main findings were likely to be affected by residual confounding. There were five (5/87, 5.7%) authors that explicitly asked for caution when interpreting results.

Conclusion: There is large variation in the confounders considered across observational studies evaluating alcohol and ischemic heart disease risk and almost all studies spuriously ignore or eventually dismiss confounding in their conclusions. Given that study results and interpretations may be affected by the mix of potential confounders included within multivariate models, efforts are necessary to standardize approaches for selecting and accounting for confounders in observational studies.
A mutation in the filamin c gene causes myofibrillar myopathy with lower motor neuron syndrome: a case report
Authors: Chen Juanjuan , Wu Jun , Han ChunXi , Li Yao , Guo Yuzu , Tong Xiaoxin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of muscle disorders. Mutations in the filamin C gene (FLNC) have previously been identified in patients with MFM. The phenotypes of FLNC-related MFM are heterogeneous.
Case presentation: The patient was a 37-year-old male who first experienced weakness in the distal muscles of his hand, which eventually spread to the lower limbs and proximal muscles. Serum creatine kinase levels were moderately elevated. Obvious neuropathic changes in the electromyographic exam and edema changes in lower distal limb magnetic resonance imaging were observed. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of abnormal protein aggregates and angular atrophy in some muscle fibers. Ultrastructural analysis showed inordinate myofibrillar structures and dissolved myofilaments. DNA sequencing analysis detected a heterozygous missense mutation (c.7123G>A, p.V2375I) in the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain 21 of FLNC.
Conclusions: FLNC mutation c.7123G>A, p.V2375I in the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain 21 can be associated with distal myopathy with typical MFM features and lower motor neuron syndrome. Although electromyographic examination of our patient showed obvious neuropathic changes, MFM could not be excluded. Therefore, genetic testing is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis.
Key words: Filamin C gene, Myofibrillar myopathy, Distal myopathy, Missense mutation, Lower motor neuron
ADHD with Comorbid Bipolar Disorders: A Systematic Review of Neurobiological, Clinical and Pharmacological Aspects Across the Lifespan
Authors: Mucci Federico , Avella Maria Teresa , Marazziti Donatella 
Published: August 2019

Background:Attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, disruptive behaviour, and impulsivity. Despite considered typical of children for a long time, the persistence of ADHD symptoms in adulthood gained increasing interest during the last decades. Indeed, its diagnosis, albeit controversial, is rarely carried out even because ADHD is often comorbid with several other psychiatric diosrders, in particular with bipolar disorders (BDs), a condition that complicates the clinical picture, assessment and treatment.Aims:The aim of this paper was to systematically review the scientific literature on the neurobiological, clinical features and current pharmacological management of ADHD comorbid with BDs across the entire lifespan, with a major focus on the adulthood.Discussion:The pharmacology of ADHD-BD in adults is still empirical and influenced by the individual experience of the clinicians. Stimulants are endowed of a prompt efficacy and safety, whilst non-stimulants are useful when a substance abuse history is detected, although they require some weeks in order to be fully effective. In any case, an in-depth diagnostic and clinical evaluation of the single individual is mandatory.Conclusions:The comorbidity of ADHD with BD is still a controversial matter, as it is the notion of adult ADHD as a distinct nosological category. Indeed, some findings highlighted the presence of common neurobiological mechanisms and overlapping clinical features, although disagreement does exist. In any case, while expecting to disentangle this crucial question, a correct management of this comorbidity is essential, which requires the co-administration of mood stabilizers. Further controlled clinical studies in large samples of adult ADHD-BD patients appear extremely urgent in order to better define possible therapeutic guidelines, as well as alternative approaches for this potentially invalidating condition.
What Does the Future Hold for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis?
Authors: Doumas Michael , Imprialos Konstantinos , Stavropoulos Konstantinos , Athyros Vasilios G. 
Published: August 2019

:
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease, is characterized by accumulation
of fat (>5% of the liver tissue), in the absence of alcohol abuse or other chronic liver diseases. Its prevalence is increasing
because of obesity, metabolic syndrome or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). NAFLD can cause liver inflammation
and progress to Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis or Hepatocellular Cancer (HCC). Nevertheless,
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in NAFLD/NASH patients.
Current guidelines suggest the use of pioglitazone both in patients with T2DM and in those without.

:
The newer antidiabetic drugs such as Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA), Sodium-Glucose co-
Transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and statins plus ezetimibe, are considered safe by the guidelines, and may have a beneficial
effect on NAFLD/NASH as well as Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality.

:
Future drugs seem to have a potential for holding down the evolution of NAFLD and reduce liver- and CVD-related morbidity
and mortality, but they will take some years to be approved for routine use.

:
Until then pioglitazone, GLP-1 RA, SGLT2i, and statins plus ezetimibe, especially in combination might be useful for
treating the huge number of patients with NAFLD/NASH.
<b>MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN THE SINALOAN MOUSE<b> <i>Peromyscus simulus</i>
Authors: Schmidly David J. , Bradley Robert D. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT. We examined geographic and non-geographic variation in 23 quantitative characters of the cranium and body for samples of Peromyscus simulus from throughout the range of the species in Sinaloa and Nayarit, Mexico. Univariate statistical analyses indicated little non-geographic variation associated with either sex or age. Geographic variation was evident among samples, with northern, inland representatives averaging smaller in size and showing some degree of distinction from southern, coastal samples. However, the degree of this differentiation is not sufficient to warrant the delineation of subspecies. Available evidence suggest P. simulus has a relative narrow preference for wetland and riparian habitats within its geographic range. These habitats are subject to increased development in this region of Mexico, and, for this reason, the conservation status of the species should be carefully monitored in the future. RESUMEN. Examinamos la variación geográfica y no geográfica de 23 caracteres cuantitativos del cuerpo y cráneo de muestras de Peromyscus simulus a lo largo de la distribución de la especie en los estados de Nayarit y Sonora, México. Análisis estadísticos univariados mostraron poca variación no geográfica asociada con el sexo o la edad. Fue evidente la variación geográfica en muestras de representantes de islas al norte, siendo estas de menor tamaño en promedio y mostrando una ligera diferencia con respecto a las muestras costeras y más sureñas. Sin embargo, el grado de esta diferenciación no es suficiente para garantizar el límite de una subespecie. La evidencia disponible, sugiere que P. simulus tiene, relativamente, una preferencia por hábitats riparios y humedales dentro de su rango geográfico. El desarrollo de estos hábitats se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas; por esta razón, en el futuro el estado de conservación de la especie debe ser monitoreado cuidadosamente.Key words: Peromyscus simulus, morphological variation, Sinaloan mouse, Sinaloa, Nayarit, México.
Chromosomal differentiation between the jackrabbits <i>Lepus insularism</i> y <i>Lepus californicus</i> from Baja California Sur, México.
Authors: Cervantes Fernando A. , Viloria Alejandro Rojas , Lorenzo Consuelo , Castañeda Sergio Ticul Álvarez 
Published: August 2019

Resumen: Se estudiaron y compararon los cromosomas de dos especies de liebres de México. Los números diploides y fundamentales de L. insularis fueron 48 y 80, respectivamente, mientras que los de L. californicus fueron 48 and 82. Los autosomas de L. insularis fueron cuatro pares de metacéntricos, cuatro pares de submetacéntricos, nueve pares de subtelocéntricos y seis pares de telocéntricos. En contraste, L. californicus tuvo siete pares de metacéntricos, cuatro pares de submetacéntricos, siete pares de subtelocéntricos y cinco pares de telocéntricos. El cromosoma sexual X de L. insularis fue submetacéntrico de tamaño medio y el cromosoma sexual Y fue telocéntrico y pequeño. Los dos cromosomas sexuales de L.californicus fueron submetacéntricos y medianos. Se identificaron una inversión pericéntrica y dos delecciones en los cromosomas de L. californicus, las cuales explican las diferencias entre los patrones de bandas G de ambas especies. Sus diferencias en heterocromatina constitutiva fueron pocas. Estas diferencias cromosómicas pudieron haber aparecido en una población ancestral aislada de L. californicus durante el Pleistoceno y derivaron en el cariotipo actual de L. insularis. Los resultados complementan conclusiones de estudios morfológicos y morfométricos.Abstract: We evaluated and compared the chromosomes of two species of Mexican jackrabbits. The 2n and FN of L. insularis were 48 and 80, respectively, whereas those of L. californicus were 48 and 82. The autosome morphology of L. insularis is four pairs of metacentric chromosomes, four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes, nine pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes and six pairs of telocentric chromosomes. In contrast, L. californicus had seven pairs of metacentric chromosomes, four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes, seven pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes, and five pairs of telocentric chromosomes. The X chromosome of L. insularis was medium-sized and submetacentric; the Y chromosome was small and telocentric, whereas both sex chromosomes of L. californicus were medium-sized and submetacentric. A pericentric inversion and two deletions in chromosomes of L. californicus were identified which explain the differences between the G-banding patterns of the two species of jackrabbits. There were few interspecific differences within the amount of constitutive heterochromatin. The chromosome variation may have arisen in the isolated ancestor of L. californicus, and produced the karyotype of the extant L. insularis during the Pleistocene. These results complement conclusions from morphological and morphometric comparisons.Key words: Chromosomes, G- bands, C- bands, jackrabbits, Lepus insularis, Lepus californicus, Baja California, México.
Los mamíferos de la región de Janos-Nuevo Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, México.
Authors: Pacheco Rodríguez Jesús , Ceballos Gerardo , List Rurik 
Published: August 2019

Resumen: Se reportan 48 especies de mamíferos que pertenecen a 5 órdenes, 35 genéros, y 17 familias para la región de Janos-Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, México. Se incluyen observaciones sobre su afinidad de hábitat, y en algunos casos las abundancias relativas. A la lista de especies se adicionaron 27 especies que no fueron registradas pero cuya distribución geográfica incluye la región de estudio. El mamífero más abundante en el área es el Cynomys ludovicianus, mientras que Ursus americanus, Conepatus mesoleucus, Antilocapra amaericana, Odocoileus virginianus y O. hemionus se registraron ocasionalmente. Myotis thysanodes, M. yumanensis, Lasiurus cinereus, Sciurus nayaritensis y Erethizon dorsatum son especies que se encontraron restringuidas a solo un tipo de vegetación. Se registraron 15 especies que se encuentran en alguna categoría de conservación para México, de las cuales 8 especies están en peligro de extinción, 3 amenazadas y 4 bajo protección especial. Este estudio evidenció que la presencia de colonias de Cynomys ludovicianus es determinante para el sostenimiento de la biodiversidad en la zona. Es parte de un proyecto para la creación de la primera reserva de la biósfera para la protección explícita de pastizales en Mexico.Palabras clave: Mamíferos, diversidad, conservación, perros llaneros, pastizales, Janos Casas Grandes, Chihuahua.
Mamíferos del Parque Nacional Lagunas de Montebello, Chiapas, México.
Authors: Horvath Anna , López Roberto Vidal , Aguilar Rausel Sarmiento 
Published: August 2019

Resumen: En este trabajo damos a conocer la diversidad de mamíferos en el Parque Nacional Lagunas de Montebello, Chiapas, con información sobre su distribución local por tipos de vegetación, afinidad de distribución geográfica y estado de conservación. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de capturas y observaciones en el campo, completándose con información bibliográfica y de bases de datos. Se registraron 52 especies de mamíferos silvestres, comprendidos en 7 órdenes, 18 familias y 41 géneros, los òrdenes mejor representados son Rodentia, Chiroptera y Carnivora. Las familias más diversas son Muridae y Phyllostomyidae, y los géneros más diversos son Peromyscus y Reithrodontomys. Esta riqueza constituye el 11.2% del total de los mamíferos terrestres de México y el 25.2% de los mamíferos de Chiapas. El 58% de las especies son nuevos registros para el Parque. La mastofauna de Montebello muestra una afinidad Neotropical con una buena representación de especies mesoamericanas, incluyendo dos especies endémicas de México. La comunidad más diversa se encuentra en el bosque mesófilo de montaña, mostrando un alto nivel de asociación entre las especies y el tipo de vegetación. Los mamíferos de Montebello están poco representados en los diversos listados de estatus de conservación, ya que algunas de las especies que aparecen en ellos ya están localmente extintas del área.Palabras clave: mastofauna, diversidad, distribución, estado de conservación, Parque Nacional Lagunas de Montebello, Chiapas, México. Abstract:In this paper we summarize the information available on diversity of mammals in the Lagunas de Montebello National Park, Chiapas, Mexico, including data about the local distribution by vegetation types, geographical affinity by their distribution ranges and conservation status. Data were obtained by captures and observations in the field, and were completed with bibliographical as well as data-base information. 52 species of native mammals were recorded, arranged in seven orders, 18 families and 41 genera. This species richness constitutes the 11.2% of terrestrial mammals of Mexico and the 25.2% of the mammal diversity of Chiapas. The 58% of the species are new records for the Park and the orders with more representation are Rodentia, Chiroptera and Carnivora. The more diverse families are Muridae and Phillostomyidae while the most species genera were Peromyscus and Reithrodontomys. The fauna of mammals of Montebello shows a Neotropical affinity and represents a high portion of Mesoamerican mammals including two Mexican endemic species. The most diverse community was encountered in the tropical mountain rainforest, showing a high association between species and the vegetation types. The mammals of Montebello have a relatively little representation in the different lists of conservational status due to the recently local extinctions of species from the area.
New records of Tropical Dry Forest´s mammals from the State of Mexico
Authors: Tovar Cuauhtémoc Chávez , González Gerardo Jorge Ceballos 
Published: August 2019

Palabras clave: Estado de México, registros, murciélagos, roedores, Myotis carteri.Key words: State of Mexico, records, bats, rodents, Myotis carteri.
Mastofauna del Cerro de la Tuza, Oaxaca
Authors: Torres Iván Lira , Ambriz Laura Mora , Escobar Marco Antonio Camacho , Aguilar Rosa Elena Galindo 
Published: August 2019

Resumen: Se presenta una lista de mamíferos del Cerro de la Tuza, localizado en la planicie costera del suroeste del Estado de Oaxaca. En muestreos periódicos que se llevaron a cabo de agosto del 2003 a julio del 2005, y consultas a bases de datos y publicaciones, fueron encontradas 52 especies y 22 familias en 9 órdenes. El Cerro de la Tuza que es un de los últimos remanentes de vegetación natural en la costa de Oaxaca aloja al 11% total de especies de mamíferos en México y el 27% para el Estado de Oaxaca. Palabras clave: Cerro de la Tuza, Conservación, Mamíferos. Abstract: A checklist of the mammals of the Cerro de la Tuza is presented. This area is located in the pacific coast of the State of Oaxaca. Periodical sampling periods were carried out between August 2003 andJuly 2005, 52 species, 22 families and 9 orders, of mammals were recorded. The Cerro de la Tuza is one of the last remants of natural vegetation in the Oaxaca coast. It maintains 11.52% of the total mammalian species in Mexico and the 27% of the state of Oaxaca. Key words: Cerro de la Tuza, Conservation, Mammals.
Abundancia, densidad, preferencia de hábitat y uso local de los vertebrados en la Tuza de Monroy, Santiago Jamiltepec, Oaxaca
Authors: Torres Iván Lira 
Published: August 2019

Resumen: Se evaluó la abundancia relativa, la densidad poblacional y la preferencia de hábitat de los vertebrados en la Tuza de Monroy, Santiago Jamiltepec, Oaxaca, mediante encuestas y observaciones, así como su utilización por los pobladores. Los índices de abundancia y densidad de las especies abundantes de la localidad fueron: Odocoileus virginianus, 1.29 rastros/km y 4.33 ind/km2; Tayassu tajacu, 0.55 rastros/km y 1.98 ind/km2; Nasua narica, 0.19 rastros/km y 16.93 ind/km2; Leopardus pardalis, 0.06 rastros/km y Ctenosaura pectinata, 0.20 rastros/km y 6.87 ind/km2. La vegetación secundaria fue el hábitat más utilizado por las cinco especies (P < 0.01). La cacería en la zona es persistente debido a que su carne es utilizada como alimento o para la venta, y a veces se utiliza para controlar el daño a sus cultivos. Se sugiere que la permanencia de estas especies dependerá de la disponibilidad de alternativas económicas en la localidad, entre las que se destaca la implementación de Unidades de Conservación, Manejo y Aprovechamiento Sustentable de la Vida Silvestre (UMA), entre otras. Palabras Clave: Estimación poblacional, vertebrados, cacería, Región Terrestre Prioritaria del Bajo Río Verde, Oaxaca. Abstract: Indices of relative abundance, density, habitat use, and the impact of hunting were evaluated for the vertebrates of La Tuza de Montoy, Santiago, Jamiltepec, Oaxaca. The estimations were made through observations on line transects as well as through interviews. The relative abundance indices and density estimated of the more abundant species were: Odocoileus virginianus, 1.29 signs/km and 4.33 ind/km2; Tayassu tajacu, 0.55 signs/km and 1.98 ind/km2; Nasua narica, 0.19 signs/km and 16.93 ind/km2; Leopardus pardalis 0.06 signs/km and Ctenosaura pectinata, 0.20 signs/km and 6.87 ind/km2. Secondary vegetation was the habitat mostly used by the five species. Hunting takes place in the area, mainly to obtain meat, as it is the main source of animal protein, for the bush meat trade, or to control damage to crops. The permanence of these species in the area depends on implementing economic alternatives, like the establishment of conservation, management and sustainable use units of wild among others. Key words: Population estimate, vertebrate, hunting, Región Terrestre Prioritaria del Bajo Río Verde, Oaxaca.
Aspectos básicos sobre la ecología de la nutria de río (<i>Lontra longicaudis annectens</i>) para la costa de Oaxaca
Authors: Casariego-Madorell Ma. Antonieta , Sánchez Rurik List , González Gerardo Ceballos 
Published: August 2019

Abstract: Southern river otter densities of 0.03 to 0.62/km of river were estimated for three rivers of the coast of the Mexican State of Oaxaca by the number of feces found on transects. The estimated population for the 19 perennial rivers of the state was 495. Scat analysis showed that crustaceans, fish, insects and amphibians are the main components of the otter’s diet. Keywords: Lontra longicaudis, density, abundance, diet, Ayuta, Copalita, Zimatán. Palabras clave: Lontra longicaudis, densidad, abundancia, alimentación, Ayuta, Copalita, Zimatán.
Registros notables de los murciélagos en el estado de Oaxaca, México
Authors: García-García José L. , Alfaro E. Ana M. , Santos-Moreno Antonio 
Published: August 2019

Abstract: The range of five species of bats (Enchisthenes hartii, Anoura geoffroyi, Hylonycteris underwoodi, Rhogeessa tumida and Myotis californica) is extended from new records for localities in the districts of Choapam and Juchitán, Oaxaca, Mexico, of specimens collected in 2004 and 2005. Keywords: Chiroptera, bat record, Oaxaca, range extension. Palabras clave: Chiroptera, registros de murciélagos, Oaxaca, distribución.
Puma abundance on the Colima Volcanic Complex
Authors: Burton Andrew M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract: Two adult male pumas were captured and monitored via radio-telemetry on the Colima volcanoes, western Mexico. One male occupied the western, north, and eastern slopes of the volcanic complex, whereas the other male was only located on the northeastern and eastern slopes of the volcanoes. Neither of the two males occupied the southern flank of Colima volcano. The two males were never found within close proximity to each other, although occasionally they visited the same localities. Both cats were most frequently located within humid pine-oak forest between 2,300 m and 2,900 m and were never recorded above 3,300 m. An estimated minimum density of 0.9 adult pumas/100 km2 was obtained for the Colima volcanoes. Key words: Puma concolor, Colima volcano, radio-telemetry, movements. Palabras clave: Puma concolor, Volcán de Colima, radio-telemetría, movimientos.