bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of technology to car parking facilities in Asian smart cities
Authors: Lam Patrick T.I. , Yang Wenjing 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This study aims investigate the status of applying technology in car parking facilities. It also examines the factors affecting the deployment of these technologies as they improve the efficiency and convenience of car parking facilities amidst changing transport needs in Asian smart cities.

Design/methodology/approach
A comprehensive literature review informs the relationships between car park provisions and the traffic congestion problem. A typology covering different technological solutions is then formulated. The factors affecting the use of two such common technologies (i.e. mechanical car parks and intelligent information systems) are examined in two emerging smart cities in Asia with the aid of a desk-top study for Singapore and a survey covering over 600 samples (including users and non-users, as both groups are important to derive influencing factors) in Hong Kong.

Findings
The extent to which mechanical car parks may help relieve the space shortage problem depends on their relative costs and the facility management performance. For real-time vacancy information systems, their wide spread use depends on drivers’ age and past parking experience.

Research limitations/implications
Due to geographical constraints, only two Asian cities (Singapore and Hong Kong), where the use of smart technologies is flourishing, are included in the study. The survey on car parking apps is preliminary due to their relative short deployment in Asia. It is expected that the phenomena will quickly spread in the region as more smart cities are developed.

Originality/value
By expounding on the development of modern parking technologies in smart cities, the important influence of car parks as a strategic facility toward solving traffic congestion and environmental problems is brought to the attention of policy makers, in particular the influencing factors affecting strategies to promote the use of parking apps.
Online outsourcing and the future of work
Authors: Ray Korok , Thomas Tessa A. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an argument supporting the growth of online outsourcing, which will exponentially increase in the coming years with the spread of internet availability to the less-developed regions of the world. In addition, this paper stresses the role of human decision-making in fostering this growth, rather than promoting inhibitory policies because of nationalism or fear of change.

Design/methodology/approach
First, globalization and the three “waves” of outsourcing are discussed. Next, the economic principles guiding online outsourcing (disintermediation, the rise of global internet connectivity and the benefits of output-based pay over input-based pay) are discussed. After explaining how artificial intelligence will complement rather than replace human laborers, a case study and evidence are provided. Then, suggestions for government policies going forward, including skill development and education are provided. Finally, the debate that will inevitably emerge regarding online worker benefits is introduced.

Findings
Evidence points toward the growth of online outsourcing and the resulting increased efficiency and gains through this type of trade. The increase in freelance workers and their earnings, the investments of Google and Facebook to develop internet capabilities in less-developed regions and the reducing costs of technology (such as laptops) provide support for this argument (Elance, 2013; Forbes, 2014; Pofeldt, 2015). Finally, a case study provides evidence illustrating how individuals may gain from these advances.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature by providing a compelling argument for the upcoming transition to increased efficiency in work through online outsourcing. Technological advances will allow the modern worker to delegate his/her mundane tasks so that he/she is free to focus on more pressing issues. This shift will multiply the domestic and foreign labor markets, creating opportunities that have not been available to this point. As this transition is not inevitable, this paper further outlines suggestions for policymakers to ensure maximized gains in the future.
Financial reporting quality, family ownership, and investment efficiency
Authors: Shahzad Faisal , Rehman Ijaz Ur , Colombage Sisira , Nawaz Faisal 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of two monitoring mechanisms: family ownership (FO) and financial reporting quality (FRQ) on investment efficiency (IE) over the period of 2007–2014 for listed firms on the Pakistan Stock Exchange.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ two-dimensional pooled OLS cluster at the firm and year level, two-stage least square regression and feasible generalized lease square regression regression methods.FindingsThe findings suggest that higher FRQ and FO are associated with higher IE. Further, the authors report that higher FRQ and FO mitigate over- and under-investment. The impact of FRQ on IE is stronger (weaker) for family-controlled businesses. The results for these particular estimates are robust for alternative estimation techniques and measures of FRQ and FO.Originality/valueThe study draws on both agency and behavioral agency theories and therefore contributes to the literature in the following ways. First, the authors examine a relationship between FRQ and IE. Second, the authors test the impact of FO on IE. Third, the authors test the moderating impact of FO on the relationship between FRQ and the IE of family and non-family firms in relatively less regulated emerging market.
Service branding from the perspective of higher education administrators
Authors: Endo Ana Claudia Braun , de Farias Luiz Alberto , Coelho Pedro Simões 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide empirical insights about service branding from higher education administrators (HEAs) perspectives and to identify the main factors involved in their strategic thinking in this sector.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a qualitative approach, 22 in-depth interviews were performed in Brazilian HEAs to analyze service branding as a strategic institutional process in this context.FindingsFindings reveal that service branding depends on several factors, e.g., in this case, deep integration between branding and services, leadership involvement, strong value propositions, sharing of strategic guidelines, branding experiences and, finally, credibility and reputation. Excellence of service is considered essential in higher education (HE) and, therefore, service branding faces the challenge of promoting the provision of quality services.Originality/valueAlthough there have been many studies relating to HE and branding, few authors have studied service branding in educational sector and which issues must be observed in a competitive marketplace.
The defensive function of a pollinator‐attracting floral volatile
Authors: Kessler Danny , Bing Julia , Haverkamp Alexander , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBenzyl acetone (4‐phenylbutan‐2‐one; BA), the dominant floral fragrance of the wild tobaccoNicotiana attenuata, is known to attract night‐time pollinators, such asManduca sextahawkmoths. For this pollinator, BA is not only essential for the pollen transport between conspecific plants, but also for the moth’s short‐distance handling of flowers at night. The emission of BA from the corolla limb, however, starts up to 4 hr before dusk, peaks at dusk and continues throughout the first half of the night. While the function of the nocturnal part of the emission is well studied, the function of the early part of the peak emission remained unknown.By using plants silenced in the expression of the biosynthetic gene of BA (Nachal1), we investigated the function of this early peak emission of BA in the plants´ native habitat in Southwestern Utah.By emitting BA before dusk,N. attenuatais able to prevent the establishment and resulting floral damage by a florivore, the cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata). Plants lacking BA emissions (CHAL) were not only more often colonized by florivores, but also suffered significantly more damage, than control empty vector plants (EV). Choice assays revealed thatD. undecimpunctatafeeding required the absence of BA. While feeding damage to CHAL flowers was higher than to EV flowers in the early night hours, the effect disappeared during the second half of the night, when flowers stop emitting BA. The close proximity of BA‐emitting flowers to non‐emitting CHAL flowers preventedD. undecimpunctatafeeding. In the field, the emission of BA at dusk was sufficient to protect plants for the entire night, as beetles search for new hosts during the early evening hours and remain for the duration of the night, once a host is chosen.Floral BA emission before dusk may have evolved as a consequence of antagonistic interactions with florivores. A single floral volatile can thus simultaneously function as an important floral attractant for pollinators and as effective feeding deterrent against florivores in the same plant species.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Masters of hybridity: how activists reconstructed Nepali society
Authors: Gellner David N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the changes that activists have brought to Nepali society in relation to two key elements of Bruno Latour's actor‐network theory (ANT): (1) its account of modernity and (2) its radical downplaying of human agency. ANT, contrary to the way it tends to be understood, deserves to be seen, at least in Latour's treatment, as a major theory of modernity. As such, it is important and enlightening, even though its attack on human agency – at least when discussing activism – is unhelpful. On this point Ian Hacking's notion of ‘making up people’ provides a better guide. The main example explored is the new kinds of ethnic identity that have achieved state recognition and become politically influential in Nepal over the last thirty years. The case of one ethnic and religious activist, Dr Keshabman Shakya, is used to illustrate the argument. Based on notions of human rights, rather similar processes of ‘making up people’ have also occurred with other minority groups, most strikingly in the case of the ‘third gender’, a context in which Nepal is famously ‘progressive’ compared to other nation‐states in the region.
Impact of Postharvest Operations on Rice Grain Quality: A Review
Authors: Tong Chuan , Gao Haiyan , Luo Shunjing , Liu Lei , Bao Jinsong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPostharvest operations, such as drying, storage, and milling, have been used to ameliorate the aging of rice grains and to achieve and maintain desirable rice grain quality, and thus play a key role in determining rice commercial quality and value. This review summarizes publications from the past decade and outlines the evidence supporting attribution of grain quality changes induced by postharvest processes to changes in the physical properties and chemical composition of the rice grain (starch, protein, lipids, and antioxidants). Rice drying mainly affects rice milling quality as rice kernel fissuring that may occur during drying leads to head rice yield reduction. Rice grain aging occurring during storage is inevitable and responsible for the changes in rice appearance, milling, eating, cooking, and nutritional quality. As milling significantly changes the chemical composition of rice by removing protein‐ and lipid‐rich bran layers, milling can alter the aging process of rice and also affect rice appearance, eating, and sensory quality, but mainly affects the nutritional quality. Therefore, drying methods, storage conditions, and milling methods warrant further research to achieve and maintain the desired rice grain quality. This review may contribute to better understanding of the impacts of postharvest processes on rice grain quality, and provide insights into potential improvements in these practices for rice production and utilization in the whole rice industry.
A Critical Overview of Labeling Information of Pomegranate Juice‐Based Drinks: Phytochemicals Content and Health Claims
Authors: Cano‐Lamadrid Marina , Turkiewicz Igor Piotr , Tkacz Karolina , Sánchez‐Rodríguez Lucía , López‐Lluch David , Wojdyło Aneta , Sendra Esther , Carbonell‐Barrachina Angel A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPunicalagin is responsible for over 50% of the antioxidant activity of pomegranate, but ellagic acid (EA) and total polyphenol content (TPC) are also key parameters regarding pomegranate bioactivity. Many juices and other drinks based on pomegranate take advantage from the widespread healthy image of this fruit, whereas their real content of bioactive phytochemicals is low. For that reason, the objective of this study was to compare the labelling information with the real phytochemical contents (TPC, punicalagin [Pn] [isomers α, β], and EA). Titratable acidity (TA), color density (CD), polymeric color (PC), and sensory profiles (trained panel) were assessed. The experimental ranges of TPC and Pn contents were 2.75 to 70.9 mg/g and traces to 3.18 mg/g, respectively. The percentage of pomegranate juice was highly correlated with the intensity of the pomegranate ID attribute (R = 0.85; p < 0.001), Pn content (R = 0.71; p < 0.001), and EA content (R = 0.36; p < 0.001). The experimental results showed a high variability in the content of bioactive compounds and the need to urge food companies to optimize processes and storage conditions. Although no health claim for pomegranate has been authorized so far at the European Union, significant mismatches among labelling and bioactive compounds content are misleading consumers.Practical ApplicationPomegranate juice and nectar producers need to evaluate the real content of bioactive Pn, EA, and TPC in their products to optimize formulation, heat treatment, packaging and storage conditions to guarantee high levels of bioactive compounds during shelf life. Producers’ organizations may benefit from harmonizing Pom products labelling, so they may fulfill consumer expectations and may be ready if health claims are finally authorized for these products. The development of a new sensory quality marker will be an interesting option.
Clinical correlates of HLA‐B*27 and its subtypes in enthesitis‐related arthritis variant of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in south Indian Tamil patients
Authors: Kavadichanda Chengappa G. , Seth Gaurav , Kumar Gunjan , Gulati Reena , Negi Vir Singh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to assess the distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B*27 subtypes and its correlation with disease phenotypes in children with enthesitis‐related arthritis variant of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA‐ERA).MethodOne hundred and sixty patients (132 males, 28 females) satisfying the International League Against Rheumatism (ILAR) classification criteria for JIA‐ERA were assessed and relevant demographic, clinical and radiographic data were documented. HLA‐B*27 typing was done for all the patients and B*27 positive samples were subjected to high‐resolution gene sequencing. The effect of duration of illness, HLA‐B*27, its subtypes, and gender on the clinical phenotype were analyzed.ResultsThe mean age of disease onset was 12.69 ± 2.4 years with a male:female ratio of 4.7:1.0. HLA‐B*27 was positive in 109/160 patients and HLA‐B*27:04 was detected in 63% followed by B*27:05 (30%). Duration of illness was greater in patients with skeletal deformity, hip arthritis, sacroiliitis, cervical spine involvement and acute anterior uveitis (AAU) (P < 0.05). HLA‐B*27 positivity was associated with a prolonged course of disease, higher incidence of AAU (14.7% vs 2%, P = 0.015), family history of spondyloarthritis (21.1% vs 5.9%; P = 0.015) and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate as compared to HLA‐B*27 negative patients (P < 0.01). The HLA‐B*27:04 and *27:05 positive patients had similar clinical phenotypes.ConclusionPresence of HLA‐B*27 and long duration of illness results in skeletal deformity, hip arthritis, sacroiliitis, cervical spine involvement and AAU. HLA‐B*27:04 followed by B*27:05 are the most common HLA‐B*27 subtypes in our study population and both have a similar clinical phenotype.
Re‐biopsy and liquid biopsy for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer after EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor failure
Authors: Zhou Juan , Zhao Chao , Zhao Jing , Wang Qi , Chu Xiangling , Li Jiayu , Zhou Fei , Ren Shengxiang , Li Xuefei , Su Chunxia , Zhou Caicun 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundRe‐biopsy is important for exploring resistance mechanisms, especially for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who develop resistance to EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Liquid biopsy using circulating tumor DNA has come into use for this purpose. This retrospective study investigated the status of re‐biopsy and liquid biopsy in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations and evaluated their effect on clinical strategies and prognosis.MethodsFive hundred fifty‐five NSCLC patients with resistance to EGFR‐TKIs were included and divided into three groups: re‐biopsy, liquid biopsy, and no re‐biopsy. Amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR or super ARMS PCR was used to detect EGFR mutations.ResultsThree hundred eight (55.5%) patients underwent re‐biopsy; 45.5% (140/308) were positive for T790M. The most common re‐biopsy procedure was computed tomography‐guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (60.1%), followed by effusion drainage (29.5%) and superficial lymph node biopsy (6.5%). One hundred eighteen (21.3%) patients underwent liquid biopsy; the T790M detection rate was 41.5% (49/118.) Of the 308 patients who underwent re‐biopsy, 69 were examined for EGFR mutations with plasma. The concordance rate of T790M detection between tissue and plasma was 66.7%. A statistical difference in further treatment after EGFR‐TKI failure was observed among all groups (P = 0.014). Patients in the biopsy groups were more likely to receive third‐generation EGFR‐TKIs. Multivariate analysis showed that re‐biopsy had a significant impact on overall survival (P < 0.001).ConclusionRe‐biopsy plays a pivotal role in the management of patients with NSCLC and resistance to EGFR‐TKIs. Liquid biopsy may be an alternative if difficulties performing re‐biopsy exist.
Factors related to delayed intensive care unit admission from emergency department—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Aitavaara‐Anttila Mia , Liisanantti Janne H. , Raatiniemi Lasse , Ohtonen Pasi , Ala‐Kokko Tero 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe delays in transferring patients from emergency department (ED) to intensive care unit (ICU) are known to be linked with several adverse events, including prolonged ICU stay and increased hospital mortality. The factors associated with delayed ICU admission include shortage of ICU beds, organizational factors, ED overcrowding, and patient‐related factors, including sepsis as admission diagnosis. The aim of this study was to examine ED‐related factors associated with prolonged ED stay.MethodsThe study population consisted of adult patients admitted (n = 479) from ED to ICU between 31 May 2016 and 19 March 2017 in Oulu University Hospital. A patient's ED length of stay (LOS) exceeding 180 minutes was considered delayed.ResultsMost of the patients (380, 79.3%) were admitted to the ICU within 3 hours of hospital admission. In a logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (ORs) for ED LOS > 180 minutes were as follows: for Glasgow Coma Scale score > 9, 2.73 (1.39‐5.32); for thrombocytes < 100 × 109/mmol, 6.69 (2.32‐19.26); for absence of pre‐arrival notification, 5.27 (3.04‐9.14); and for radiological examination, 3.95 (1.72‐9.10). Trauma and intoxicated patients had shorter ED LOS while patients with medical conditions had more often prolonged admissions.ConclusionThe delays in ICU admissions were linked to therapeutic and diagnostic procedures and absence of pre‐arrival notification. Patients were admitted to the ICU on the basis of diagnosis instead of clinical risk. However, the delays were not associated with worsening outcome, which indicates that sufficient care can be provided at the ED while the ICU admission is pending.
Vascular smooth muscle cell‐specific progerin expression in a mouse model of Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome promotes arterial stiffness: Therapeutic effect of dietary nitrite
Authors: del Campo Lara , Sánchez‐López Amanda , Salaices Mercedes , von Kleeck Ryan A. , Expósito Elba , González‐Gómez Cristina , Cussó Lorena , Guzmán‐Martínez Gabriela , Ruiz‐Cabello Jesús , Desco Manuel , Assoian Richard K. , Briones Ana M. , Andrés Vicente 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVascular stiffness is a major cause of cardiovascular disease during normal aging and in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a rare genetic disorder caused by ubiquitous progerin expression. This mutant form of lamin A causes premature aging associated with cardiovascular alterations that lead to death at an average age of 14.6 years. We investigated the mechanisms underlying vessel stiffness in LmnaG609G/G609G mice with ubiquitous progerin expression, and tested the effect of treatment with nitrites. We also bred LmnaLCS/LCSTie2Cre+/tgand LmnaLCS/LCSSM22αCre+/tg mice, which express progerin specifically in endothelial cells (ECs) and in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), respectively, to determine the specific contribution of each cell type to vascular pathology. We found vessel stiffness and inward remodeling in arteries of LmnaG609G/G609G and LmnaLCS/LCSSM22αCre+/tg, but not in those from LmnaLCS/LCSTie2Cre+/tgmice. Structural alterations in aortas of progeroid mice were associated with decreased smooth muscle tissue content, increased collagen deposition, and decreased transverse waving of elastin layers in the media. Functional studies identified collagen (unlike elastin and the cytoskeleton) as an underlying cause of aortic stiffness in progeroid mice. Consistent with this, we found increased deposition of collagens III, IV, V, and XII in the media of progeroid aortas. Vessel stiffness and inward remodeling in progeroid mice were prevented by adding sodium nitrite in drinking water. In conclusion, LmnaG609G/G609G arteries exhibit stiffness and inward remodeling, mainly due to progerin‐induced damage to VSMCs, which causes increased deposition of medial collagen and a secondary alteration in elastin structure. Treatment with nitrites prevents vascular stiffness in progeria.