bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empathie in het sociaal domein
Authors: Tollenaar A. 
Published: June 2018

Empathie in het sociaal domein
Aan wetgeving ligt altijd een mensbeeld ten grondslag. Het mensbeeld bestaat uit het geheel aan eigenschappen (voorkeuren, vaardigheden, motieven) van degene die door de wet wordt geraakt of beschermd. De mensbeelden kunnen worden onderscheiden in een drietal dimensies: zelfredzaam, bureaucratische vaardigheden en calculerend gedrag. De analyse van de totstandkoming van de wetgeving in de sociale zekerheid leert dat de mensbeelden van verschillende recente wetten verschillend scoren op deze dimensies. Onduidelijk is waar de wetgever zijn mensbeeld op baseert. Bij wetgeving lijken mensbeelden vooral te worden gebruikt om wettelijke voorschriften te legitimeren. Bij de uitvoering van de wetten blijken weer andere mensbeelden te domineren. Dit is ingegeven door enerzijds meer specifieke kennis van de normadressaat (voorschriften worden niet zo streng gehandhaafd als de wetgever zou willen, omdat de handhaving ongewenste effecten heeft) en anderzijds bezuinigingsdrift (waardoor procedurele barrières worden opgeworpen die de wetgever niet voor ogen stonden). Dit geconstateerde verschil tussen uitvoering en wetgeving leidt tot de aanbeveling om bij wetgeving meer kennis over de mensbeelden in de uitvoeringspraktijk te betrekken.
De Holocaustwet en alternatieve feiten in Polen
Authors: Ranchordás S.H. 
Published: June 2018

De Holocaustwet en alternatieve feiten in Polen
In februari 2018 heeft de Poolse senaat een nieuwe wet aangenomen die het illegaal maakt om Polen te beschuldigen van medeplichtigheid bij de vervolging van Joodse burgers tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. De Poolse regering wil met name een einde maken aan de verwijzingen naar ‘Poolse concentratiekampen’ en de Poolse rol in de ondersteuning van Duits beleid tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog.
Materialidades em trânsito: a circulação de práticas estético-expressivas entre o livro e televisão, investigações acerca de Primo Basílio, Os Maias e Mad Maria
Authors: Wajnman Solange 
Published: June 2018

No exercício deste estudo apontamos para as possibilidades do percurso teórico-metodológico sob a ótica dos estudos das materialidades no campo audiovisual. Assim, ao nos determos diante da questão da transposição literária de alguns romances para minisséries de televisão encontramos um caminho diverso daqueles pautados pela intertextualidade e pelos estudos culturais. Ao voltar o olhar para as possibilidades tecnológico-estéticas do meio televisivo e na esteira de conceitos como materialidade, produção de presença, ambiência e intermedialidade acreditamos propor um desafio metodológico promissor para o campo, inclusive para o estudo de suas consequências midiáticas.
The AMPK signaling pathway is associated with the intramuscular fat trait in pigs
Authors: Yao Chaogang , Pang Daxin , Lu Chao , Xu Aishi , Huang Peixuan , Ouyang Hongsheng , Yu Hao 
Published: June 2018

Background. Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important economic trait for pork quality and a complex quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes. The objective of this work was to investigate the novel transcriptional effects of a multigene pathways on IMF deposition in the longissimus dorsi(LD) muscles of pigs.
Methods. Potential signaling pathways were screened by mining data from three gene expression profiles in the GEO database. We designed quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) arrays for the candidate signaling pathways to verify the results in the LD muscles of three pig breeds with different IMF contents(Large White, Berkshire and Min).
Results. The AMPK signaling pathway was screened via bioinformatic analysis. Ten key hub genes of this signaling pathway(AMPK, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, LKB1, CAMKKβ, CPT1A, CPT1B, PGC-1α, CD36 and ACC1) were differentially expressed. Statistical analyses revealed that AMPK pathway activity clearly varied among the three pig breeds.
Conclusion. Based on these results, we concluded that the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway plays a positive role in reducing IMF deposition in pigs.
Triglycerides Hydrocracking Reaction of Nyamplung Oil with Non-sulfided CoMo/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts
Authors: Rasyid Rismawati , Malik Rahmaniah , Kusuma Heri Septya , Roesyadi Achmad , Mahfud Mahfud 
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this research are to study the temperature influence in hydrocracking process of the nyamplung oil (Calophyllum inophyllum) using a non-sulfided CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst and to develop a simple kinetic model in interpreting the data of hydrocracking products. The experiment was carried out in a pressurized batch reactor operated pressure up 30 bar. The CoMo catalyst supported with γ-Al2O3 was prepared through impregnation method without sulfidation process. The operating temperature varied from 200 to 350 oC. The results show that the non-sulfided CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, nyamplung oil triglycerides can converted into gasoil and gasoline-like hydrocarbons. The triglyceride hydrocracking reaction of nyamplung oil followed a several stages, i.e., hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and cracking. Based on the compounds contained in liquid product, hydrocracking reaction was dominated by decarboxylation. The products obtained in hydrocracking process of nyamplung oil are classified to gasoil (C11-C18) and gasoline (C5-C10). The triglycerides hydrocracking reaction of nyamplung oil was assumed by following a series reaction mechanism and a simple kinetic model used for determined the kinetics constants. The highest reaction conversion is 99.10% obtained at temperature of 350 °C for 160 minutes reaction time.
Nanostructured Dielectric Fractals on Resonant Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Selective and Sensitive Optical Sensing of Volatile Compounds
Authors: Fusco Zelio , Rahmani Mohsen , Bo Renheng , Verre Ruggero , Motta Nunzio , Käll Mikael , Neshev Dragomir , Tricoli Antonio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdvances in the understanding and fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures have led to a plethora of unprecedented optoelectronic and optochemical applications. Plasmon resonance has found widespread use in efficient optical transducers of refractive index changes in liquids. However, it has proven challenging to translate these achievements to the selective detection of gases, which typically adsorb non‐specifically and induce refractive index changes below the detection limit. Here, it's shown that integration of tailored fractals of dielectric TiO2 nanoparticles on a plasmonic metasurface strongly enhances the interaction between the plasmonic field and volatile organic molecules and provides a means for their selective detection. Notably, this superior optical response is due to the enhancement of the interaction between the dielectric fractals and the plasmonic metasurface for thickness of up to 1.8 μm, much higher than the evanescent plasmonic near‐field (≈30 nm) . Optimal dielectric–plasmonic structures allow measurements of changes in the refractive index of the gas mixture down to <8 × 10−6 at room temperature and selective identification of three exemplary volatile organic compounds. These findings provide a basis for the development of a novel family of dielectric–plasmonic materials with application extending from light harvesting and photocatalysts to contactless sensors for noninvasive medical diagnostics.
Reliability of Digitized Quantum Annealing and the Decay of Entanglement
Authors: Peterson John P. S. , Sarthour Roberto S. , Souza Alexandre M. , Oliveira Ivan S. , Brito Frederico , de Melo Fernando 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA banged‐digital‐analog simulation of a quantum annealing protocol is performed in a two‐qubit nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computer. The experimental simulation employs up to 235 Trotter steps, with more than 2000 gates (pulses), and a protocol success above 80% is obtained. Given the exquisite control of the NMR quantum computer, the simulation is also performed with different noise levels. Thus, the reliability of the quantum annealing process is is analyzed, and it is related to the level of entanglement produced during the protocol. Although the presence of entanglement is not a sufficient signature for a better‐than‐classical simulation, the level of entanglement achieved relates to the fidelity of the protocol.
Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Redox‐Active Esters with Benzophenone Imines: Tandem Photoredox and Copper Catalysis
Authors: Mao Runze , Balon Jonathan , Hu Xile 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlkyl amines are an important class of organic compounds in medicinal and materials chemistry. Until now very have been very few methods for the synthesis of alkyl amines by metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of alkyl electrophiles with nitrogen nucleophiles. Described here is an approach to employ tandem photoredox and copper catalysis to enable the cross‐coupling of alkyl N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters, readily derived from alkyl carboxylic acids, with benzophenone‐derived imines. Hydrolysis of the coupling products furnish alkylated primary amines. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl groups can be transferred, and the coupling tolerates a diverse set of functional groups. The method allows rapid functionalization of natural products and drugs, and can be used to expedite syntheses of pharmaceuticals from readily available chemical feedstocks.
Polyvalent Spherical Nucleic Acids for Universal Display of Functional DNA with Ultrahigh Stability
Authors: Liu Biwu , Huang Zhicheng , Liu Juewen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor nanomaterials that are difficult to functionalize by covalent attachment of DNA, we herein communicate a general method taking advantage of the high avidity of polyvalent binding and the 3D structure of densely functionalized spherical nucleic acids (SNAs). Using DNA‐functionalized gold nanoparticles, simple mixing leads to the formation of highly stable conjugates on 11 different materials including metals, metal oxides, metal–organic frameworks, transition‐metal dichalcogenides, nanocarbons, and polymers. The adsorption affinity of SNAs can be over thousand‐fold higher than that of free DNA of the same sequence, and practically irreversible conjugates are formed withstanding various denaturing agents. The surface attachment and molecular recognition functions of DNA are spatially separated, showing a key advantage of SNAs. The functionalized materials possess the properties of both the substrate and the SNA, allowing specific DNA hybridization in buffer and in serum.
Singlet Fission for Photovoltaics with 130 % Injection Efficiency
Authors: Kunzmann Andreas , Gruber Marco , Casillas Rubén , Zirzlmeier Johannes , Stanzel Melanie , Peukert Wolfgang , Tykwinski Rik R. , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA novel pentacene dimer (P2) and a structurally analogous monomer (P1) were synthesized for use in n‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells. In P2, the triplet excited states formed by the rapid, spin‐allowed process singlet fission were expected to enable carrier multiplication in comparison to the slow, spin‐forbidden intersystem crossing seen in P1. A meta‐positioning of the two pentacenes and the carboxylate anchor were chosen in P2 to balance the intramolecular dynamics of singlet fission and electron injection. Electron injection from energetically low‐lying triplet excited states of pentacene units necessitated the intrinsic and extrinsic lowering of the Fermi level of the semiconductor. Indium‐zinc oxide in the presence of Li+ was found to be the optimum choice for the photoelectrodes. Efficient electron injection from the triplet excited states of P1 and P2 was found, with a carrier multiplication of nearly 130 %.
Copper‐Catalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Enoldiazoimides with Sulfur Ylides
Authors: Cheng Qing‐Qing , Massey Lynée A. , Willett Brook S. , Deng Yongming , Arman Hadi , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEnoldiazoimides, a new subclass of enoldiazo compounds, generate enol‐substituted carbonyl ylides whose reactions with sulfur ylides enable an unprecedented formal [4+2] cycloaddition. The resulting multifunctionalized indolizidinones, which incorporate sulfur, are formed in good yields under mild reaction conditions. The uniqueness of this transformation stems from the role of the silyl‐protected enol, since the corresponding acetyldiazoimide failed to provide any cross‐products in metal‐catalyzed reactions with sulfur ylides. This copper‐catalyzed cycloaddition is initiated with the generation of enol‐substituted carbonyl ylides and sulfur ylides from enoldiazoimides and sulfonium salts, respectively, and proceeds through stepwise six‐membered ring formation, C−O and C−S bond cleavage, and silyl and acetyl group migration.
Radical Cation Salt‐initiated Aerobic C−H Phosphorylation of N‐Benzylanilines: Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates
Authors: Jia Xiaodong , Liu Xiaofei , Yuan Yu , Li Pengfei , Hou Wentao , He Kaixuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA radical cation salt‐initiated phosphorylation of N‐benzylanilines was realized through an aerobic oxidation of the sp3 C−H bond, providing a series of α‐aminophosphonates in high yields. An investigation of the reaction scope revealed that this mild catalyst system is superior in good functional group tolerance and high reaction efficiency. The mechanistic study implied that the cleavage of the sp3 C−H bond was involved in the rate‐determining step.
Towards Reproducible Fabrication of Nanometre‐Sized Carbon Electrodes: Optimisation of Automated Nanoelectrode Fabrication by Means of Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Wilde Patrick , Quast Thomas , Aiyappa Harshitha B. , Chen Yen‐Ting , Botz Alexander , Tarnev Tsvetan , Marquitan Miriam , Feldhege Stephan , Lindner Armin , Andronescu Corina , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe reproducible fabrication of nanometre‐sized carbon electrodes poses great challenges. Especially, the field of single entity electrochemistry has strict requirements regarding the geometry of these electrochemical probes. Herein, an automated setup for the fabrication of carbon nanoelectrodes based on the pyrolysis of a propane/butane gas mixture within pulled quartz capillaries by means of a moving heating coil is presented. It is shown that mere electrochemical characterisation with conventional redox mediators does not allow for a reliable assessment of the electrode's geometry and quality. Therefore, high‐throughput transmission electron microscopy is used in parallel to evaluate and optimise preparation parameters. Control of the latter gives access to three different electrode types: nanopipettes, nanosamplers and nanodisks.
Photogeneration of Microporous Amorphous Coordination Polymers from Organometallic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ueda Takahiro , Tominaga Takumi , Mochida Tomoyuki , Takahashi Kazuyuki , Kimura Seiji 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRuthenium‐containing organometallic ionic liquids with the B(CN)4 anion were developed that generate microporous amorphous coordination polymers upon UV irradiation. UV light irradiation of [Ru(C5H5)(C6H5R)][B(CN)4] (R=butyl, ethyl, octyl) quantitatively generated a yellow powder of a coordination polymer with the formula [Ru(C5H5){B(CN)4}]n. In this reaction, the arene ligand is eliminated by UV irradiation and coordination polymer is formed by coordination of the cyano groups of the anion to the Ru ion. The photogenerated solids exhibited nitrogen absorption properties due to their microporous structure. This paper proposes a method to fabricate functional coordination polymers by photoirradiation of liquids.
Expeditious Preparation of Open‐Cage Fullerenes by Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Diynes and C60: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Artigas Albert , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Lledó Agustí , Roglans Anna , Solà Miquel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA novel methodology to transform C60 into a variety of open‐cage fullerene derivatives by employing rhodium(I) catalysis has been developed. This transformation encompasses a partially intermolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction between diynes 1 and C60 to deliver a cyclohexadiene‐fused fullerene, which concomitantly undergoes a formal [4+4]/retro‐[2+2+2] rearrangement to deliver open‐cage fullerenes 2. Most notably, this process occurs without the need of photoexcitation. The complete mechanism of this transformation has been rationalized by DFT calculations, which indicate that, after [2+2+2] cycloaddition, the cyclohexadiene‐fused intermediate evolves into the final product through a Rh‐catalyzed di‐π‐methane rearrangement followed by a retro‐[2+2+2] cycloaddition. The obtained open‐cage fullerenes can be derivatized by Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling or subjected to ring expansion to deliver a 12‐membered ring orifice in the fullerene structure. Overall, the methodology presented constitutes a straightforward entry to functional open‐cage C60 fullerene derivatives by employing catalytic methods.
The development of biphasic chiral recognition in chiral separation
Authors: Huang Xin‐Yi , Quan Kai‐Jun , Pei Dong , Liu Jian‐Fei , Di Duo‐Long 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn chiral separation, enantioseparation factor is an important parameter which influences the resolution of enantiomers. In this current overview, a biphasic chiral recognition method is introduced to the readers. This method can significantly improve the enantioseparation factor in two‐phase solvent through adding lipophilic and hydrophilic chiral selectors which have opposite chiral recognition ability to organic and aqueous phases, respectively. This overview presents the development and applications of biphasic chiral recognition in liquid‐liquid extraction and counter current chromatography. It mainly focuses on the topics of mechanism, advantages and limitations, applications, and key factors of biphasic chiral recognition. In addition, the future outlook on development of biphasic chiral recognition also has been discussed in this overview.
Investigation of NH3 Influence on Adsorptive H2S Removal from Biogas for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application
Authors: Weinlaender Christof , Neubauer Raphael , Hauth Martin , Schroettner Hartmuth , Hochenauer Christoph 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe generation of electrical energy from biogas is state of the art. One option is the application of fuel cells for generating electrical energy. Due to their construction, the materials used and their mode of operation, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are particularly suitable. The primary problem in the operation of SOFCs using biogas is H2S. The goal of this work is to investigate the possible effects of ammonia on different sorbents that have already successfully been used for the desulfurization of biogas. The H2S adsorption capacity of four commercially available sorbents in the presence of NH3 was investigated as well as the influence of an upstream NH3 removal. The CuO‐MnO‐based sorbent showed the best performance related to sulfur uptake.
Applications of Dissipative Supramolecular Materials with a Tunable Lifetime
Authors: Rieß Benedikt , Boekhoven Job 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSupramolecular materials are materials in which molecular building blocks are held together by non‐covalent interactions. These materials exist in equilibrium with their environment. In contrast, most biological materials exist out of equilibrium. They require constant dissipation of energy and consumption of nutrients to be sustained. As a result of their non‐equilibrium nature, biological materials have superior properties compared to their in‐equilibrium counterparts. These properties include spatial and temporal control over their presence, the ability to self‐heal and even the ability to self‐replicate. Inspired by biology, researchers have developed analogs of such dissipative supramolecular materials. This Focus Review introduces the crucial differences between in‐equilibrium and dissipative supramolecular materials. We focus on one unique property of the emerging materials: their tunable lifetime. With recent examples, we show the principles involved and how these materials can be applied in the future.
Naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐Conjugated Foldable Polyurethanes: Impact of Chromophoric Location on Hierarchical Supramolecular Assembly and Conductivity
Authors: Mukherjee Anurag , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Seki Shu , Ghosh Suhrit 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe manuscript reports supramolecular assembly and photophysical properties of two polyurethanes (P1, P2) with appended naphthalene‐diimide (NDI) chromophore which serves as a n‐type semiconductor. P1 and P2 are constitutional isomers and they differ in the location of the NDI moiety. In P1, NDI is a part of the polymer backbone (placed between the two urethane groups in each repeating unit) while in P2, it remains as a pendant group. In a non‐polar solvent like tetra‐chloroethylene (TCE), both adopt a pleated structure driven by intra‐chain H‐bonding among the urethane groups. Subsequently the secondary structure of P2 assembles to a meta‐stable spherical structure (similar to polymersome) which after 70–75 h transforms to nanotubes with the folded polymer chains constructing the wall of the tube. In sharp contrast, the intra‐chain folded conformation of P1, owing to its enhanced rigidity contributed by the synergistic π‐stacking and H‐bonding, does not get trapped in the spherical intermediate, but spontaneously grows to fibrils leading to macroscopic gelation within 30 min. Flash‐photolysis time‐resolved microwave conductivity (FP‐TRMC) measurements together with transient absorption spectroscopy studies revealed remarkably high charge carrier mobility (3×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1) which can be attributed to the long range stacking order of the NDI chromophores in the fibrillar assembly of P1 while for the nanotubular structure of P2, the value was almost an order of magnitude less reflecting importance of the mesoscopic structure on generation of percolated pathway for efficient charge transport.
Identifying the determinants of tree distributions along a large ephemeral river
Authors: Douglas Caitlin M. S. , Cowlishaw Guy , Harrison Xavier A. , Henschel Joh R. , Pettorelli Nathalie , Mulligan Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough ephemeral rivers act as linear oases and play a fundamental role in sustaining regional biodiversity in dryland regions, little is known about these systems or their sensitivity to human impacts. Without such knowledge, it is difficult to manage or conserve them. Here, we conduct the first systematic investigation into the determinants of riparian tree distributions along a large ephemeral river. Adopting a macroecological approach, we test four hypotheses relating to the effects of topography, river flow, climate, and land tenure on three indices of tree distribution: species richness, occupancy, and recruitment. We also consider the effect of upstream damming. Our study site is the Swakop River in Namibia. The most common trees along the river were the invasive Prosopis spp., followed by native Faidherbia albida, Vachellia erioloba, Euclea pseudebenus, and Vachellia tortilis. We found a gradient in tree distributions along the river, with a drier climate westward associated with lower native tree species richness and increased scarcity of the dominant native species (F. albida). These patterns were seen in both pre‐ and post‐dam samples. We also found F. albida was more likely to recruit immediately downstream of tributaries. Our results suggest that water availability (climate and river flow) is a more important determination of tree distribution along this ephemeral river than topography or land tenure and that ephemeral rivers may show a nodal organization.