bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An innovative concrete-steel structural system allowing for a fast and simple erection
Authors: Lepourry Clemence , Somja Hugues , Keo Pisey , Heng Piseth , Palas Franck 
Published: July 2018

In usual concrete buildings, medium to long span slabs can only be achieved by using prestressed beams. However, these elements are heavy, making their handling expensive; the cladding of these beams to vertical elements creates several difficulties, particularly in case of moment resisting frames; at last, their precamber implies a cautious management of the concreting and is a source of defects. Steel-concrete composite beams may offer an alternative, with similar performances. However they are not considered by concrete builders, because specific tools and skills are needed to erect them on site. Moreover usual composite members require a supplementary fire protection, which is costly and unsightly. This article presents an innovative steel-concrete moment resisting portal frame that overcomes these difficulties. It is based on composite tubular columns, and a composite beam made of a U-shaped steel profile used as permanent formwork to encase a concrete beam. This steel-concrete duality of beams allows an erection on site without any weld or bolt by a wise positioning of the construction joints. Moreover, as the resistance to fire is ensured by the concrete beam, the system does not require any additional fire protection. Finally, as only steel elements have to be handled on site, there is no need of heavy cranes. This system has been used to build a research center near Rennes, in France. As it is not covered in present norms, an experimental validation was required. After a detailed description of the structural system, the full-scale tests which have been performed are presented : - A series of asymmetrical push-out tests in order to determine the behaviour and resistance of shear connectors; - One 6-point bending test made to investigate the resistance of the USCHB under sagging bending moment; Two tests of the beam-column joint.
Strut-and-tie model for the support of steel beams crossing concrete beams
Authors: MARIE Frédéric , SOMJA Hugues 
Published: July 2018

Steel and concrete construction can still be regarded as two distinct industrial sectors leading to separated design procedures. Even steel-concrete composite buildings remain designed as steel structures, with a limited benefit of the presence of concrete slabs. For some years however, a more integrated design between both materials is investigated. It tries to combine them in order to take advantage from their respective qualities : the high resistance of the steel on one hand and the low cost and good fire resistance of the concrete on the other hand, for example. One of the advantages of the concrete is also the easiness in the fabrication of joints, thanks to the monolithic nature of the concrete cast in place, whereas the metallic joints by bolting or welding ask for more technical work, and represent a non-negligible part of the cost of a structure. It is therefore rather natural, in a hybrid concrete-steel conception, to try to use this advantage of the concrete. In this context, this article presents a work that was made in the RFCS SMARTCOCO project. It focuses on the design of the support of a steel secondary beam crossing a primary beam in concrete, by simple direct contact. On the basis of an experimental campaign comprising five full-scale tests, the angle of diffusion of the forces and the distribution of the stresses in the stirrups are studied and a specific strut-and-tie model is developed. Specimens of this campaign consist of a simply supported concrete beam crossed in its middle by a steel profile, with or without stiffeners, loaded by two jacks, one at each end of the steel profile. First the experimental campaign is described. Then, internal stresses are compared with the predictions of a strut and tie model deduced from elastic stress trajectories. Finally, simplified design guidance is deduced.
Cylinders with a steel-concrete-steel wall to resist external pressure
Authors: Goode Charles Douglas , Nash Tom 
Published: July 2018

In the 1980’s Manchester University carried out over 110 tests on cylinders with a composite wall (steel-concrete-steel) subjected to external pressure as already reported in the literature. This paper describes further tests on 9 cylinders with a composite wall and a dome end subjected to external pressure and reports the results and compares them with theory. The cylinders were 500 mm diameter and 1250 mm long and four of them had penetrations through the cylinder wall. These tests were carried out under contract for Tecnomare SpA of Italy and have not been previously reported because of confidentiality reasons. The agreement between test behaviour, failure load and the theory developed at Manchester University is good. The philosophy for the design of such vessels for seabed structures is discussed and a ‘depth margin’ method proposed as it is a more realistic way of applying safety. Examples of designs for different depths are given and compared with the predicted failure pressure.
Applications, behaviour and construction of high performance steels in steel-concrete composite structures
Authors: Uy Brian 
Published: July 2018

This paper addresses the applications, behaviour and construction of high performance steels in steel-concrete composite structures. For the purposes of this paper, high performance steels will include high strength, stainless and weathering steels. Akin to many innovations in the construction industry, high performance steels have generally been adopted for the use in iconic projects well before design procedures have been developed in standards. This paper will provide a summary of many of the applications particularly as they pertain to iconic projects in Australasia and internationally. Recent research in these areas will also be summarised and important design parameters as they deviate from traditional mild structural steel will be highlighted. Australasian advances in the standardisation of both bridges and buildings incorporating high performance steels will also be summarised, with particular reference to the Australasian Design Codes in Bridge Structures, ASNZS 5100 Part 6; and Building Structures ASNZS 2327 which have both been published in 2017. The paper will conclude with suggestions for further research and will identify areas of significant gaps in Australasian and international standards which will also guide future research in this area.
Crowdsourced Recommender System
Authors: Mallia Milanes Mario , Montebello Matthew 
Published: July 2018

The use of artificially intelligent techniques to overcome specific shortcomings within e-learning systems is a well-researched area that keeps on evolving in an attempt to optimise such resourceful practices. The lack of personalization and the sentiment of isolation coupled with a feeling of being treated like all others, tends to discourage and push learners away from courses that are very well prepared academically and excellently projected intellectually. The use of recommender systems to deliver relevant information in a timely manner that is specifically differentiated to a unique learner is once more being investigated to alievate the e-learning issue of being impersonal. The application of such a technique also assists the learner by reducing information overload and providing learning material that can be shared, criticized and reviewed at one’s own pace. In this paper we propose the use of a fully automated recommender system based on recent AI developments together with Web 2.0 applications and socially networked technologies. We argue that such technologies have provided the extra capabilities that were required to deliver a realistic and practical interfacing medium to assist online learners and take recommender systems to the next level.
Start It Up - Support for young entrepreneurship
Authors: Torniainen Anna-Maija 
Published: July 2018

The aim of the paper is to disclose how entrepreneurship education can be developed and examined in a Higher Education Insitution (HEI) via a EU funded local project. The paper examines HEI students´ motivation factors and needs concerning Entrepreneurship education (EE). Start It Up – Support for young entrepreneurship project´s objective is to support students and young people in entrepreneurship, new business creation and innovation, and also employment in and out the innovation ecosystems. Differentiating entrepreneurial methods, best practices, entrepreneurship coaching, and entrepreneurship spirit are tested and organized throughout the project. The project strives to deliver tools and motivation towards entrepreneurship. This article introduces the activities that have been done to support EE and a case study which examines how the entrepreneurship education can be improved to develop EE in the Finnish HEI. The main testing platforms for EE are presented and the results of the case study show that to promote entrepreneurship and to enhance students´ awareness and motivation towards entrepreneurship in the Finnish HEI, the offering of EE teaching, events and competitions for students should be increased and promoted more effectively.
Realignment Course in Mathematics: design of an online valuable experience for students
Authors: Barana Alice , Bogino Alessandro , Fioravera Michele , Floris Francesco , Marchisio Marina 
Published: July 2018

Supporting students in the transition from secondary school to university is an important action to be taken in order to increase the number of people with tertiary education degrees; it has positive consequences on the citizens’ working perspective and on the national economic growth. To this purpose, in the academic year 2014/2015 the University of Turin started the Project Orient@mente, a platform of self-paced open online courses aimed to guide students in the choice of a scientific university program. This paper focuses on the design of the Realignment Course in Mathematics, provided by the platform and aimed at the self-paced review and integration of knowledge that students are required to acquire during secondary school. Materials are created and structured according to the User Experience Design for Learning, with the aim of providing a valuable learning experience to students. Contents are delivered through an accessible learning management system integrated with an advanced computing environment and an automatic assessment system. Data from the usage of the activities and from the results of the online tests are analyzed in order to validate the design choices and the coherent structure of the course.
Discussion forum rubrics: Using rubrics to enhance and increase project management students' participation in online discussions
Authors: Lee Margaret Ruth , Carstens Deborah S , Malone Linda C 
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the impact of using a discussion forum grading rubric to encourage and enhance discussions (posts) in an online introduction to project management course. The study consists of 53 Master of Business Administration (MBA) students enrolled in three sections of the course from October 2010 to May 2011. A control group of 20 students was compared to two experimental groups of 16 and 17 students respectively. The two experimental groups were given the specific grading rubric and instructions designed to encourage online conversation; the control group was not. The results indicate that there was a statistical difference in average postings per student between the two experimental groups and the control group but no statistical difference between the two experimental groups. The results suggest that the use of a rubric specifically designed to engage the student and expand the student's learning experience can increase online classroom participation and, as a consequence, enhance the educational experience for the online project management student and strengthen the university's MBA program.
Editorial
Authors: Pasian Beverly , Sankaran Shankar 
Published: July 2018

The main purpose of this special issue is to provide a forum to explore how the possibility for online delivery of education was being embraced by the project management community. I was interested in the answers to several questions. How were online delivery opportunities being explored by project management educators? Was the design of the project management curriculum being affected by the possibilities for online delivery? What was the actual impact of online delivery for the development of project managers’ skills and knowledge?
Abyssal plain hills and internal wave turbulence
Authors: van Haren Hans 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. A 400 m long array with 201 high-resolution NIOZ temperature
sensors was deployed above a north-east equatorial Pacific hilly abyssal
plain for 2.5 months. The sensors sampled at a rate of 1 Hz. The lowest
sensor was at 7 m above the bottom (m a.b.). The aim was to study internal
waves and turbulent overturning away from large-scale ocean topography.
Topography consisted of moderately elevated hills (a few hundred metres),
providing a mean bottom slope of one-third of that found at the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge (on 2 km horizontal scales). In contrast with observations over
large-scale topography like guyots, ridges and continental slopes, the
present data showed a well-defined near-homogeneous “bottom boundary
layer”. However, its thickness varied strongly with time between < 7 and
100 m a.b. with a mean around 65 m a.b. The average thickness exceeded
tidal current bottom-frictional heights so that internal wave breaking
dominated over bottom friction. Near-bottom fronts also varied in time (and
thus space). Occasional coupling was observed between the interior internal
wave breaking and the near-bottom overturning, with varying up- and down-
phase propagation. In contrast with currents that were dominated by the
semidiurnal tide, 200 m shear was dominant at (sub-)inertial frequencies.
The shear was so large that it provided a background of marginal stability
for the straining high-frequency internal wave field in the interior. Daily
averaged turbulence dissipation rate estimates were between 10−10 and
10−9 m2 s−3, increasing with depth, while eddy diffusivities
were of the order of 10−4 m2 s−1. This most intense
“near-bottom” internal-wave-induced turbulence will affect the resuspension
of sediments.
Sensitivity of young water fractions to hydro-climatic forcing and landscape properties across 22 Swiss catchments
Authors: von Freyberg Jana , Allen Scott T. , Seeger Stefan , Weiler Markus , Kirchner James W. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The young water fraction Fyw, defined as the proportion of
catchment outflow younger than approximately 2–3 months, can be estimated
directly from the amplitudes of seasonal cycles of stable water isotopes in
precipitation and streamflow. Thus, Fyw may be a useful metric in
catchment inter-comparison studies that investigate landscape and
hydro-climatic controls on streamflow generation. Here, we explore how
Fyw varies with catchment characteristics and climatic forcing,
using an extensive isotope data set from 22 small- to medium-sized
(0.7–351 km2) Swiss catchments. We find that flow-weighting the tracer
concentrations in streamwater resulted in roughly 26 % larger young water
fractions compared to the corresponding unweighted values, reflecting the
fact that young water fractions tend to be larger when catchments are wet and
discharge is correspondingly higher. However, flow-weighted and unweighted
young water fractions are strongly correlated with each other among the
catchments. They also correlate with terrain, soil, and land-use indices, as
well as with mean precipitation and measures of hydrologic response. Within
individual catchments, young water fractions increase with discharge,
indicating an increase in the proportional contribution of faster flow paths
at higher flows. We present a new method to quantify the discharge
sensitivity of Fyw, which we estimate as the linear slope of the
relationship between the young water fraction and flow. Among the
22 catchments, discharge sensitivities of Fyw are highly variable
and only weakly correlated with Fyw itself, implying that these
two measures reflect catchment behaviour differently. Based on strong
correlations between the discharge sensitivity of Fyw and several
catchment characteristics, we suggest that low discharge sensitivities imply
greater persistence in the proportions of fast and slow runoff flow paths as
catchment wetness changes. In contrast, high discharge sensitivities
imply the activation of different dominant flow paths during precipitation
events, such as when subsurface water tables rise into more permeable layers
and/or the river network expands further into the landscape.
Daily Pain Measurements and Retrospective Pain Measurements in Hip Osteoarthritis Patients With Intermittent Pain
Authors: Teirlinck Carolien H. , Sonneveld Dieke S. , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita M. A. , Luijsterburg Pim A. J. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the value of daily pain measurements in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA), and whether the reliability of retrospective measurements was lower in patients with intermittent pain than in patients with more constant pain.MethodsWe used data from a randomized controlled trial that investigated the effectiveness of general practitioner care plus exercise therapy in 203 patients with hip OA. During the first 6 weeks, patients scored their pain each day. These daily measurements were available for 185 patients. At 6‐week follow‐up, patients filled in a questionnaire rating their pain during the previous week. We examined whether the daily measurements provided results for pain other than those provided by retrospective measurements, using a linear mixed‐effects model. We also explored differences between subgroups, based on the frequency and severity of intermittent pain, during the pain course and reliability between retrospective measurements and daily measurements.ResultsDaily measurements showed no different effect of exercise therapy on pain compared with retrospective measurements. We found statistical differences (by analysis of variance) during the course of pain between the subgroups based on the intensity of intermittent pain. Reliability between retrospective and daily measurements was lower in the subgroup with severe intermittent pain (Cronbach's α = 0.642) than in other subgroups (Cronbach's α >0.843).ConclusionIn this specific trial, daily measurements did not yield more precise or additional information compared with retrospective measurements at the 6‐week follow‐up. However, reliability of retrospective measurements may be lower in patients with a higher intensity of intermittent pain.
Visible Light Promoted 2‐Bromotetrafluoroethylation of Nitrones
Authors: Dmitriev Igor A. , Supranovich Vyacheslav I. , Levin Vitalij V. , Struchkova Marina I. , Dilman Alexander D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA reaction of nitrones with 1,2‐dibromotetrafluoroethane affording bromodifluoroethyl‐substituted hydroxylamines is described. The process is performed in the presence of a ruthenium photocatalyst and ascorbic acid as a stoichiometric reducing agent and is mediated by blue light irradiation. The fluroalkylation products can undergo chemoselective transformations involving either N−O or C−Br bonds furnishing various tetrafluorinated compounds.magnified image
Preparation of polymer of intrinsic microporosity composite membranes and their applications for butanol recovery
Authors: Lan Yongqiang , Peng Ping 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTWe fabricated novel composite membranes composed of a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1) and carbon black (CB) nanoparticles functionalized with the silane coupling agent aminopropyl triethoxysilane to recover butanol from aqueous solutions by pervaporation (PV). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite membranes were dense and defect free and had good adhesion with substrates. Compared with the those of pristine PIM‐1 membranes, the water contact angles of the composite membranes increased from around 86° to more than 90°; this confirmed the improvement of the hydrophobicity. The swelling degree of the 6 wt % CB‐filled PIM‐1 membranes dropped 23%; this indicated an increase in the swelling resistance. Furthermore, the PV results show experimentally that the incorporation of the functionalized CBs into the PIM‐1 matrix considerably improved both the permeability and selectivity to butanol. At a 4 wt % CB content, the optimum separation performance, with a separation factor of 19.7 and a permeation flux of 1116 g m−2 h−1, was achieved in an aqueous solution containing 5 wt % butanol at 30°C. It was noteworthy that the as‐fabricated membranes exhibited a good separation stability. This is a step forward in terms of continuous butanol production with hybrid membranes in fermentation processes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46912.
Pancreas-sparing, ampulla-preserving duodenectomy for major duodenal (D1–D2) perforations
Authors: Di Saverio S , Segalini E , Birindelli A , Todero S , Podda M , Rizzuto A , Tugnoli G , Biondi A 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Ideal surgical treatment for acute duodenal injuries should offer a definitive treatment, with low morbidity and mortality. It should be simple and easily reproducible by acute care surgeons in an emergency. Duodenal injury, due to major perforated or bleeding peptic ulcers or iatrogenic/traumatic perforation, represents a surgical challenge, with high morbidity and mortality. The aim was to review definitive surgery with pancreas-sparing, ampulla-preserving duodenectomy for these patients.

Methods
Pancreas-sparing, ampulla-preserving D1–D2 duodenectomy was used for patients presenting with major duodenal injuries over a 5-year interval. The ampulla was identified and preserved using a transcystic/transpapillary tube. The outcomes were recorded.

Results
Ten patients were treated with this technique; seven had perforated or bleeding peptic ulcers, two had iatrogenic perforations and one blunt abdominal trauma. Their mean age was 78 (range 65–84) years. Four patients were haemodynamically unstable. The location of the duodenal injury was always D1 and/or D2, above or in close proximity to the ampulla of Vater. The surgical approach was open in nine patients and laparoscopic in one. The mean duration of surgery was 264 (range 170–377) min. All patients were transferred to the ICU after surgery (mean ICU stay 4·4 (range 1–11) days), and the overall mean hospital stay was 17·8 (range 10–32) days. Six patients developed major postoperative complications: cardiorespiratory failure in five and gastrointestinal complications in four. Surgical reoperation was needed in one patient for postoperative necrotizing and bleeding pancreatitis. Two patients died from their complications.

Conclusion
Pancreas-sparing, ampulla-preserving D1–D2 duodenectomy for emergency treatment of major duodenal perforations is feasible and associated with satisfactory outcomes.