bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of conditioning intensity on outcomes of haploidentical stem cell transplantation for patients with acute myeloid leukemia 45 years of age and over
Authors: Santoro Nicole , Labopin Myriam , Ciceri Fabio , Van Lint Maria Teresa , Nasso Daniela , Blaise Didier , Arcese William , Tischer Johanna , Bruno Benedetto , Ehninger Gerhard , Koc Yener , Santarone Stella , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Savani Bipin N. , Mohty Mohamad , Ruggeri Annalisa , Nagler Arnon 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundT cell–replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo‐SCT) is a valid therapeutic option for adult patients with high‐risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) lacking an HLA‐matched sibling or unrelated donor.MethodWe retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 912 AML patients ≥45 years of age who had undergone haplo‐SCT with either myeloablative conditioning (MAC; n = 373) or reduced intensity conditioning (RIC; n = 539) regimens.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 31.1 and 25.7 months for MAC and RIC, respectively. The incidence of relapse and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) were 25.1% versus 28.7% and 31.0% versus 30.3% for MAC and RIC, respectively; 2‐year leukemia‐free survival (LFS) was 43.9% for MAC versus 41.0% for RIC. In multivariate analysis, the use of MAC versus RIC was not associated with a difference in the outcomes. Results were confirmed in the propensity score–weighted analysis. Disease status and performance status at transplantation were associated with outcomes. Notably, the use of posttransplantation cyclophosphamide was associated with reduced acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) stage III‐IV, and NRM and increased overall survival, LFS, and GVHD‐free, relapse‐free survival. The use of mobilized peripheral blood stem cells was associated with an increased risk of stage II‐IV aGVHD.ConclusionNo differences were found between MAC and RIC regimens for haplo‐SCT in adults with AML who were ≥45 years of age. The type of GVHD prophylaxis, disease status, and performance status were the major predictors of transplantation outcome. These results may serve as the background for randomized study comparing RIC versus MAC for haplo‐SCT in adults with AML.
Circulating tumor DNA alterations in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Sonpavde Guru , Agarwal Neeraj , Pond Gregory Russell , Nagy Rebecca J. , Nussenzveig Roberto H. , Hahn Andrew W. , Sartor Oliver , Gourdin Theodore Stewart , Nandagopal Lakshminarayanan , Ledet Elisa M. , Naik Gurudatta , Armstrong Andrew J. , Wang Jue , Bilen Mehmet Asim , Gupta Shilpa , Grivas Petros , Pal Sumanta K. , Lanman Richard B. , Talasaz AmirAli , Lilly Michael B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundBecause cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) analysis facilitates the noninvasive genomic profiling of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), the authors evaluated the association between cfDNA alterations and outcomes and evolution with therapy.MethodsPatients with mCRPC underwent cfDNA genomic profiling using Guardant360, which examines major cancer‐associated genes. Clinical factors, therapy information, failure‐free survival, and overall survival (OS) were obtained for select patients. The association between genomic alterations and outcomes was investigated.ResultsOf 514 men with mCRPC, 482 (94%) had ≥1 circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) alteration. The most common recurrent somatic mutations were in TP53 (36%), androgen receptor (AR) (22%), adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) (10%), neurofibromin 1 (NF1) (9%), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), catenin beta‐1 (CTNNB1), and AT‐rich interactive domain‐containing protein 1A (ARID1A) (6% each); and BRCA1, BRCA2, and phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) (5% each) The most common genes with increased copy numbers were AR (30%), MYC (20%), and BRAF (18%). Clinical outcomes were available for 163 patients, 46 of whom (28.8%) were untreated for mCRPC. A higher number of ctDNA alterations, AR alterations, and amplifications of MYC and BRAF were associated with worse failure‐free survival and/or OS. On multivariable analysis, MYC amplification remained significantly associated with OS. Prior therapy and serial profiling demonstrated the evolution of alterations in AR and other genes.ConclusionsctDNA frequently was detected in this large cohort of “real‐world” patients with mCRPC, and the alterations appeared to be similar to previously reported tumor tissue alterations. A higher number of alterations, and AR and MYC alterations, appear to compromise clinical outcomes, suggesting a role for immune checkpoint inhibitors and novel AR and BET inhibitors in selected patients.
Survey on DDoS defense mechanisms
Authors: Fenil E. , Mohan Kumar P. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIt is a prominent attack used by the attackers to cripple an online service. The method of implementation can either be from a single source or a list of common users (zombie army) who are modulated from the command centers. Hence, in the latter case, they are called denial‐of‐service attacks. A substantial amount of distributed users has malware software that turns all these systems into bots without the user's consent. This aspect adds more to the complexity of detecting the attacker who is well masqueraded. These serve as a severe problem for Internet services and the network. It is mandatory to distinguish between a legitimate and a malicious user. There are many defense mechanisms that combat these types of attacks. This presentation mainly highlights the details of denial‐of‐service attacks and their various mechanisms and types and compares studies on different mechanisms that have been proposed. Finally, this gives an insight into future prospects in the research field for secured Internet services.
PreDiKT‐OnOff: A complex adaptive approach to study the impact of digital social networks on Pakistani students' personal and social life
Authors: uz Zaman S. Khaliq , Khan Iftikhar Ahmed , Hussain Syed Sajid , Iqbal Tassawar , Shuja Juanid , Ahmed Syed Faraz , Jararweh Yaser , Ko Kwangman 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe growing popularity of Digital Social Networks (DSNs) among young students demands an introspection of its impact across different dimensions, such as students' academic performance and daily life. The results of the existing literature on the issue vary across societies due to differences in cultural and religious values. This research aims to examine the social network usage among students to analyze their bonding within their social and personal lives. As a case study, we selected Pakistani students as a convenient sample. Multiple social aspects like in‐person interaction of students with their family members, physical activities, religious knowledge, social capital, and level of students' trust in DSNs are considered. Considering the complex nature of the network, a Complex Adaptive System (CAS) approach is used to model the relationships between different nodes of the network. In addition, Linear Regression models are created to predict a node from the combination of different nodes based on their relationships.
Mitigation of cyber threats: Protection mechanisms in federated SDN/NFV infrastructures for 5G within FIRE+
Authors: Gil Pérez Manuel , Huertas Celdrán Alberto , Giardina Pietro G. , Bernini Giacomo , Pizzimenti Simone , García Clemente Félix J. , Martínez Perez Gregorio , Festa Giovanni , Paglianti Fabio 
Published: January 2019

SummaryCyber attacks are becoming a very common trend in existing networks, expecting to be even more acute in future 5G networks due to greater number of connected devices, higher mobile data volume, low latency, etc. Security mechanisms to tackle cyber threats should be updated when users, possibly carrying devices with some kind of malware, move in highly dynamic mobile networks in order to continue providing the same detection and mitigation capabilities along user's path. This paper presents BotsOnFIRE, an experiment of the EU H2020 SoftFIRE project for the detection and mitigation of botnets in the SoftFIRE federated testbed for 5G within FIRE+, by combining Software‐Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) technologies. Bots' mobility is considered to trigger reconfiguration of security‐related SDN/NFV applications, when needed, so as to update security capabilities of the SoftFIRE infrastructure. The BotsOnFIRE experiment contributes to the wider 5G objective of more secure and resilient networks and services, where botnets are actually one of the most powerful cyber threats capable of orchestrating the remote execution of cyber‐attacks. Experiments confirm that BotsOnFIRE is feasible to conduct the expected detection and mitigation procedures in the SoftFIRE federated environment, being evaluated through some Key Performance Indicators.
Optimal priority assignment for messages on controller area network with maximum system robustness
Authors: Bai Enci , Zhang Weizhe , Wu Yulong , He Hui 
Published: January 2019

SummaryController Area Network (CAN) is broadly used for in‐vehicle networking. Each message on the CAN bus is given a unique identifier as its priority. When more than one node starts to transmit at the same time, the message with the highest priority will be sent. The schedulability of the message set is significantly affected by the priority assignment algorithms employed. To ensure that the CAN system tolerate additional interference, we propose system robustness, a concept to represent the total robustness of the message set. Maximum system robustness of message set problem is NP‐hard. We find that assigning a higher priority to the message with small transmission time or low utilization may lead to more system robustness. Based on this, this paper presents four optimal priority assignment approximation algorithms using the Audsley's priority assignment method: TMPA, UMPA, GTMPA, and GUMPA. TMPA and UMPA are heuristic algorithms. GTMPA and GUMPA are greedy algorithms. Experimental results show that, compared with the existing optimal algorithms, TMPA, GTMPA, and GUMPA can improve the system robustness of CAN message sets effectively.
A Facile Path to Graphene‐Wrapped Polydopamine‐Entwined Silicon Nanoparticles with High Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Liu Zechen , Huang Jialiang , Zhao Xuewen , Huang Hongyang , Fu Chengcheng , Li Zhihui , Cheng Yonghong , Niu Chunming , Zhang Jinying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGraphene‐coated silicon nanoparticles with polydopamine buffers have been designed and successfully fabricated as anodes for lithium ion batteries, where the polydopamine was grown on the silicon nanoparticles and then coated with graphene layers. The expansion cavities for silicon nanoparticles during charging and discharging process are provided by the polydopamine buffer layers. The outermost graphene coating layers not only keep the pulverized silicon particles together without disintegration, but also improve the electric conductivity of silicon nanoparticles. Silicon nanoparticles of an industrial product level with different size distributions and oxidation layers were used in this work. High electrochemical performances with specific capacities of 1100 mAh g−1 were achieved by the designed silicon composites with polydopamine and graphene after 550 cycles at a current rate of 200 mA g−1.
Monitoring of direct alcohol markers in alcohol use disorder patients during withdrawal treatment and successive rehabilitation
Authors: Luginbühl Marc , Weinmann Wolfgang , Butzke Ingo , Pfeifer Philippe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDirect and indirect biomarkers are widely applied for the determination of alcohol consumption. They help to assess past or present alcohol consumption. Depending on the window of detection and sensitivity of the investigated marker, punctual alcohol consumption may remain undetected. In this study, different sampling strategies for the intermediary long‐term marker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) are evaluated and compared to the determination of the short‐term markers ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) in urine. Samples from 19 patients undergoing alcohol use disorder treatment were collected during the withdrawal treatment and successive rehabilitation (33 ± 26 days (range: 3–74 days)). With liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) EtG and EtS in urine, PEth in blood, PEth in dried blood spot (DBS) from venous blood, and PEth in DBS from capillary blood were quantified and compared. The use of volumetric capillary DBS, prepared from 20 μL of blood, provided the same results as the use of venous DBS (95% ± 10%, R2 0.9899 for PEth 16:0/18:1). Capillary DBS sampling has the advantage that it can be performed without venipuncture. The use of PEth in DBS proved to prevent post‐sampling degradation, providing a longer detection in comparison to PEth in liquid blood, which only showed 67% ± 24% of the PEth DBS 16:0/18:1 concentration. When compared with EtG and EtS in urine, PEth monitoring proved to be advantageous for the detection of relapse situations, as the accumulation of PEth in blood prolongs the detectability. In conclusion, volumetric capillary DBS sampling for PEth is a simple and useful tool for compliance monitoring, and avoids hematocrit issues.
Transactions among thinness expectancies, depression, and binge eating in the prediction of adolescent weight control behaviors
Authors: Ortiz Anna Marie L. , Davis Heather A. , Smith Gregory T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveBinge eating, the transdiagnostic risk associated with depression, and the eating disorder‐specific risk associated with expectancies for reinforcement from thinness have been identified as risk factors for the development of weight control behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine if these risk factors transact to further predict risk in youth.MethodBinge eating, depressive symptoms, thinness expectancies, and weight control behaviors were assessed in 1,758 adolescents three times during the transitional period between middle school and high school. We tested six different possible transactional processes.ResultsMediation tests demonstrated that both 8th grade binge eating and 8th grade depressive symptoms predicted 10th grade weight control behaviors through their predictive influence on thinness expectancies in 9th grade. However, our results were not consistent with a mediational process in which 8th grade thinness expectancies predicted 9th grade depression to further predict 10th grade weight control behaviors. No interactions among binge eating, depressive symptoms, or thinness expectancies predicted weight control. Results did not differ between girls and boys.DiscussionThinness expectancies appear to mediate the predictive influence of binge eating and depressive symptoms on risk for engaging in weight control behaviors. These results add to theoretical understanding of risk and suggests potential intervention pathways for clinicians.
I didn't want them to see: Secretive eating among adults with binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveSecretive eating is characterized by eating furtively and concealing the act and evidence of eating. Among youth, secretive eating is common and associated with eating‐disorder psychopathology. Yet, secretive eating among adults, including adults with eating disorders, is relatively unexplored.MethodWe assessed secretive eating among treatment‐seeking adults with binge‐eating disorder (BED) and examined demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with and without secretive eating. Patients (N = 755) were assessed for BED, eating‐disorder psychopathology, and depression by trained doctoral clinicians using established interviews and self‐report measures; height and weight were measured.ResultsOverall, 54% of patients reported secretive eating distinct (i.e., separate) from objective binge‐eating episodes (OBEs). A significantly greater proportion of women than men endorsed secretive eating; age, race, and education did not significantly differ. Patients with and without secretive eating did not significantly differ in body mass index (BMI), OBEs, overeating episodes, or restraint. Patients with secretive eating endorsed significantly more subjective binge‐eating episodes, greater eating concerns, shape concerns, and weight concerns and had higher depression scores than patients without secretive eating. Patients with secretive eating were significantly more likely to have overvaluation of shape/weight than patients without secretive eating. Results remained the same after adjusting for sex, race, and BMI.DiscussionFindings suggest that, among patients with BED, secretive eating reflects greater eating‐disorder psychopathology but not increased frequency of OBEs or greater BMI. Understanding secretive eating can to inform determination of eating‐disorder severity contribute to treatment formulation and planning.
Patterns of frugivory in the columnar cactusPilosocereusleucocephalus
Authors: Vázquez‐Castillo Shamira , Miranda‐Jácome Antonio , Ruelas Inzunza Ernesto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the frugivory networks of many arid and semi‐arid Mesoamerican ecosystems, columnar cacti act as keystone species that produce fruits with a high content of water and nutrients attractive to numerous vertebrates. The aim of this investigation was to assess the fruit removal patterns of two guilds of frugivores on the fruits of the woolly torchPilosocereus leucocephalus. We assessed fruit pulp removal in two ways: by estimating the consumption of seeds given the amount of pulp removed per visit and by estimating the percentage of pulp removal over time. We put exclosures on unripe, intact fruits to keep frugivores from removing material. Once ripe, we removed the exclosures and tracked animal visitation of 69 fruits using camera traps. We obtained a total of 2,162 hr of footage (14:47 hours of them with effective pulp removal). The highest number of visitors is that of diurnal species (n = 12, all birds) versus only four nocturnal (three bats, one rodent). The most effective species in pulp removal are birds. Bats play a modest role in frugivory of this cactus. The significance of this work is twofold: (a) birds and bats consume the fruit pulp of this cactus and likely disperse its seeds, and (b) although bats rank high in pulp removal effectiveness, birds as a guild far outweigh their importance in this system, as they are not only more frequent but also remove more pulp and seeds. Both groups are known to be important in cacti seed dispersal, and our findings are essential in understanding the population dynamics of the woolly torch and in elucidating its seed dispersal ecology.
Hydrologic and thermal conditions occupied by a species within a single watershed predict the geographic extent of occurrence of freshwater fishes
Authors: VanCompernolle Michelle , Knouft Jason H. , Ficklin Darren L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHydrologic regimes and water temperatures are primary predictors of freshwater species occurrence. Although these variables have been demonstrated to be important in regulating species diversity at particular locations, whether species occurrences across lotic habitats within a single, relatively small watershed can predict the full geographic extent of a species is unclear. We use river reach estimates of streamflow and water temperature derived from a watershed‐scale hydrologic model, coupled with body size measures, to investigate whether the type and variability of thermal and hydrologic habitat used by fish species within the Mobile River Basin (MRB) can predict the overall geographic extent of occurrence (GEO) for these taxa. Locality data for 108 species of fishes within MRB, one of the most ecologically diverse watersheds in the United States, were intersected with streamflow and water temperature estimates to characterize minimum and maximum streamflow and water temperature conditions and thermal breadth (range of thermal conditions) occupied by each species. Among all species, variation in GEO was associated with variation in thermal breadth and body size. Thermal variables were also important predictors of variation in GEO among Cyprinidae. Flow variables were important predictors of variation in GEO for Centrarchidae, Ictaluridae, and Percidae and within Etheostoma and Percina. Results generally indicate that species with large body size, relatively broad thermal tolerances, or preference for relatively high discharge environments tend to exhibit broader distributions across North America, yet these relationships vary among taxonomic groups.
Peptide nucleic acid and amino acid modified peptide nucleic acid analysis by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Wang Xiaoqian , Li Linsen , Khan Rizwan Ullah , Qu Feng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA rapid, high resolution, and low sample consumption CZE method is developed for peptide nucleic acid (PNA) analysis for the first time. 30% v/v acetonitrile in PNA sample and 20% v/v acetonitrile in 50 mM borax‐boric acid (pH 8.7) as BGE were employed after optimization. The calibration curves were linear for PNA concentration ranging from 1 to 50 μmol/L. LOD and LOQ of PNA were 0.2 and 1.0 μmol/L, respectively. Since the commercially available reagent gives rise to huge PNA peak and an apparent impurity peak, the purity of PNA was evaluated to be about 81.4% by CZE method, obviously lower than the supplier's purity value of 99.9% evaluated by RP–HPLC, and also lower than 94.8% determined with RP–HPLC by our research group. The CZE method takes only 5 min, needs only 90 nL PNA, much less than 20 min and 20 μL PNA in RP–HPLC method. Moreover, the CZE method is applicable for the analysis of glutamic acid modified and lysine modified PNAs, they show different migration time with their corresponding complementary PNAs. Our results show CZE provides a new choice for PNA and modified PNA analysis, also their purity or quality evaluation.
Multiyear monitoring of bird communities in chlorpyrifos-treated orchards in Spain and the United Kingdom: Spatial and temporal trends in species composition, abundance, and site fidelity
Authors: Dittrich Ralf , Giessing Benedikt , Benito María M. , Russ Anja , Wolf Christian , Foudoulakis Manousos , Norman Steve 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The relationship between agricultural practices and the welfare of wild birds has gained increased attention over the last decades. To assess the potential effects of chlorpyrifos on the bird community, a multiyear, multisite monitoring program was carried out in treated cider orchards (in the United Kingdom) and treated citrus orchards (in Spain). Constant-effort mist netting was used over several consecutive years in the United Kingdom (2012–2014) and Spain (2010–2012). The general structure of the bird community and the presence of breeding species were analyzed. Twelve and 11 bird species (out of 81 and 45 trapped) in Spain and the United Kingdom, respectively, exceeded the 2% dominance value. For a selection of 6 species in citrus and 4 in cider orchards, N-mixture models were fitted to the number of trapped birds. The abundance of most species was strongly and significantly affected by seasonality. No species showed any indication of reduction in population size over the years. The results of this extensive field program support the indications that chlorpyrifos spray applications present a low risk to the bird community over the years. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:616–629. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.