bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One Lump or Two?
Authors: Poole Brian 
Published: May 2019

In a well-known and much discussed article, the philosopher Bertrand Russell wrote as follows (Russell, 1952):
If I were to suggest that between the Earth and Mars there is a china teapot revolving about the sun in an elliptical orbit, nobody would be able to disprove my assertion provided I were careful to add that the teapot is too small to be revealed even by our most powerful telescopes.Setting aside Russell's reasons for writing this sentence (in context, to do with both the burden of proof and the existence or otherwise of a deity) I would like to focus on what, in the above extract, is a single word: ‘teapot’. If you, as a reader and no doubt writer of the English language, were required to convey in writing the same concept (a ceramic or metal receptacle with a handle, spout and lid, in which tea is brewed and from which it is poured) would you go for ‘teapot’, ‘tea-pot’ or ‘tea pot’? In other words, to use a phrase commonly heard when the amount of sugar in a cup of tea is discussed, do you think teapot/tea pot should be one lump or two?
Facing illegitimate motherhood in eighteenth-century Antwerp: how changing contexts influenced the experiences of single mothers
Authors: Vermeesch Griet 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article assesses the wide range of experiences of illegitimacy in eighteenth-century Antwerp. It exposes many instances of pauper agency, yet also cautions against simply assuming that all single mothers were similarly forceful in their dealings with illegitimacy. Four key factors affected the options a single mother had at her disposal in dealing with illegitimate pregnancy: the way poor relief was organised, the relative accessibility of judicial processes, the administrative settings, and the prevailing ideas about illegitimacy and morality among the general community. The article shows how these factors changed in the final quarter of the eighteenth century, impacting on the strategies that single mothers could adopt.
Characteristics Associated with the Postprandial Hypotensive Response in Falling Older Adults
Authors: Madden Kenneth M. , Feldman Boris , Meneilly Graydon S. 
Published: May 2019

RÉSUMÉIl a été démontré que l’intensité de la réponse hypotensive postprandiale (RHP) peut constituer un facteur de risque pour les chutes, les fractures et le décès. Bien que ce risque ait été bien établi, les cliniques de chutes font rarement des analyses liées aux repas, en raison de contraintes logistiques. Afin de mieux cibler les patients à risque de RHP parmi les personnes âgées affectées par des chutes, cette étude a examiné les caractéristiques individuelles associées à des RHP plus intenses. Cinquante-deux patients (âge moyen : 77,8 ± 0,9 ans, 29 femmes, 23 hommes) référés par des cliniques de prévention des chutes ont été recrutés pour un repas-test de 90 minutes. Les variables significatives ont ensuite été insérées dans un modèle linéaire multivarié incluant l’âge, le sexe, la présence de diabète, la présence d’hypertension, la pression systolique de base (PSB) et la chute de la PSB orthostatique. Bien que de plus amples recherches soient nécessaires, notre étude suggère que les hommes, les patients présentant une tension artérielle élevée et ceux avec une chute orthostatique pourraient être plus à risque de réponses hémodynamiques postprandiales plus intenses.
A possible Adélie penguin sub-colony on fast ice by Cape Crozier, Antarctica
Authors: Larue Michelle , Iles David , Labrousse Sara , Salas Leo , Ballard Grant , Ainley David , Saenz Benjamin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAdélie penguins are renowned for their natal philopatry on land-based colonies, requiring small pebbles to be used for nests. We report on an opportunistic observation via aerial survey, where hundreds of Adélie penguins were documented displaying nesting behaviours on fast ice ~3 km off the coast of Cape Crozier, which is one of the largest colonies in the world. We counted 426 Adélie penguins engaging in behaviours of pair formation, spacing similarly to normal nest distributions and lying in divots in the ice that looked like nests. On our first visit, it was noticed that the guano stain was bright pink, consistent with krill consumption, but had shifted to green over the course of ~2 weeks, indicating that the birds were fasting (a behaviour consistent with egg incubation). However, eggs were not observed. We posit four hypotheses that may explain the proximate causes of this behaviour and caution against future high-resolution satellite imagery interpretation due to the potential for confusing ice-nesting Adélie penguins with the presence of emperor penguin colonies.
Effects of Trade Barriers and Cultural Distance on the Domestic Market Share in the Film Industry
Authors: Choi Yong-Jae , Min Chung-ki , Park Chanyul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the effects of trade barriers and cultural distance on the domestic market share in the film industry. We analyze panel data with both two-stage least squares and instrumental-variable methods. These methods can separate the effects of time-invariant measures of trade barriers and cultural difference from country-specific effects. This improvement in the estimation method and the use of a more appropriate measure of trade barriers in the film industry enable us to produce empirical results that are consistent with theoretical arguments. Based on the panel data collected from 30 countries for the period 2001–2013, the empirical results herein indicate that the cultural distance, as well as market size, is an important factor for the domestic market share. Trade barriers are also shown to be a significant factor, but the magnitude of their impact on the domestic market share is much smaller than that of the market size.
INTÉGRALES ORBITALES SUR
Authors: Lemaire Bertrand 
Published: May 2019

RésuméSoit
$F$
un corps local non archimédien de caractéristique
${\geqslant}0$
, et soit
$G=GL(N,F)$
,
$N\geqslant 1$
. Un élément
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}\in G$
est dit quasi régulier si le centralisateur de
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$
dans
$M(N,F)$
est un produit d’extensions de
$F$
. Soit
$G_{\text{qr}}$
l’ensemble des éléments quasi réguliers de
$G$
. Pour
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}\in G_{\text{qr}}$
, on note
$O_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}$
l’intégrale orbitale ordinaire sur
$G$
associée à
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$
. On remplace ici le discriminant de Weyl
$|D_{G}|$
par un facteur de normalisation
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{G}:G_{\text{qr}}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}_{{>}0}$
permettant d’obtenir les mêmes résultats que ceux prouvés par Harish-Chandra en caractéristique nulle: pour
$f\in C_{\text{c}}^{\infty }(G)$
, l’intégrale orbitale normalisée
$I^{G}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE},f)=\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{G}^{\frac{1}{2}}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE})O_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}(f)$
est bornée sur
$G$
, et pour
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}>0$
tel que
$N(N-1)\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}<1$
, la fonction
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{G}^{-\frac{1}{2}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}}$
est localement intégrable sur
$G$
.
CRITICAL CONNECTIONS
Authors: Glisson Susan M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHow do you come to trust a person you perceive to be your enemy? Such challenges face communities grappling with troubled racial histories. This paper introduces how two sites of historic conflict have begun to address their complicated and painful pasts in order to heal history’s wounds and create a more just and inclusive future. Ordinary residents in Philadelphia, MS, and Birmingham, AL, are making their communities better at building trust in order to tell the truth about their pasts. Both communities are notorious for their racist histories and especially for the collusion of law enforcement in imposing White supremacy through violence. But through a facilitated process of storytelling and historical dialogue, a group in each community cultivated a space of trust and healing that are expanding the possibilities for belonging and equity. Drawing on a first-hand account of my role in community building and race relations as well as placing that work within a larger framework of social movement organizing, I show that telling the truth about the past through stories can transform and uplift distressed and inequitable communities.
Effect of temperature on development and population growth rates of Spilostethus pandurus (Scopoli) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in Giza, Egypt
Authors: El-Shazly M. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effects of temperature on the life history of Spilostethus pandurus (Scopoli) were examined by determining the different developmental and reproductive parameters with respect to days of hatching, oviposition, and adult emergence of insects reared in field cages at Giza, Egypt. Hatching, oviposition, and adult emergence continued all year round; the average daily temperature in the coldest month (January) seemed to be above developmental thresholds for different stages. This lygaeid completed six overlapping generations in 1 year. The basic population parameters, i.e. net reproductive rate (R0), gross reproductive rate (GRR), instantaneous rate of natural increase (r), finite rate of natural increase (λ), and mean generation time (T) exhibited a more or less cyclic pattern in successive generations. The highest value of r (rmax) was considered as the intrinsic rate of natural increase of this species.
Growth patterns of the ladybird (Harmonia axyridis Pallas) relative to variations in population genetics
Authors: Kuang R. P. , Xiao N. N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDifferences in population growth among four variation types of the ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallas, namely succinea, conspicua, spectabilis and aulica, were investigated using various growth parameters. The variation types showed three growth patterns from the intrinsic growth rates (rm), with rates of 0.093–0.099 (for conspicua and aulica), 0.073 (for succinea) and 0.040 (for spectabilis). The growth rates of these patterns were realised in different ways. Spectabilis differed from the other three types in the age and per cent distribution of the specific period to the rm values.
Movement of Cicadulina storeyi (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in maize fields and its behaviour in relation to maize growth stage
Authors: Asanzi C. M. , Bosque-Perez N. A. , Nault L. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe movement of Cicadulina storeyi China (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), vector of maize streak geminivirus, within maize (Zea mays L.) fields was studied using mark, release and recapture experiments. Cicadulina storeyi, marked with fluorescent dye, were released at dusk and monitored for 14 days using yellow sticky traps placed at different distances (5–160 m) and directions from the release point. The suitability of maize growth stage for settling by C. storeyi was also investigated. Catches decreased steadily with distance from the release point and exponentially with time following the release. The mean leafhopper dispersal rate varied between 2.6 and 2.8 m/day for dry season and rainy season tests, respectively. The dispersal rate increased with distance from 1.4 m/day at 5 m to 13.6 m/day at 160 m. Wind was a major factor affecting direction of leafhopper movement with the largest proportion of C. storeyi collected downwind. Investigations on the suitability of maize growth stage for settling by C. storeyi revealed that the leafhopper preferred young plants (2–6 weeks after planting) to old ones.
Variation in distribution of sensilla on antennal flagellum in the post-embryonic developmental stages of the brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa Fabricius (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)
Authors: Prakash Shri , Chauhan R. S. , Parashar B. D. , Rao K. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the segmental distribution of various types of antennal sensilla in the post-embryonic developmental stages of the brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa Fabricius. Three major types of mechanosensilla and chemosensilla were identified. A progressive increase in the number of various types of sensilla with increase in the number of segments as well as nymphal stages and adults was observed. The density of sensilla chaetica and sensilla basiconica increased approximately 12.5- and 24-fold from first nymphal stage to males respectively, while density of sensilla trichoidea increased 8-fold from 2nd nymphal instar to adult stage. A high degree of correlation between the average total number of sensilla and post-embryonic stages was observed.
Studies on the salivary glands of an aquatic bug,Lethocerus indicus(Belostomatidae): Morphological, histological and preliminary electron microscopic investigations
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Yadav P. R. , Venugopal K. J. , Singh A. K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA study was conducted to determine the morphology, histology and ultrastructure of the salivary apparatus ofLethocerus indicus. The apparatus was found to consist of a principal and accessory salivary gland. The former is bilobed, having a small superior lobe and a larger inferior lobe, made up of many lobules/acini. Each lobule is made up of a simple glandular layer of syncytial epithelium encompassing the lumen, which is filled with secretory granules that are elaborated from the epithelium predominantly by the apocrine mode of secretion. The accessory salivary gland is vesicular cum tubular. The vesicular part is made up of a thin layer of flat, polygonal cells, having no signs of secretory activity, while the tubular part consists of a single layer of columnar epithelial cells that show signs of secretory activity. Both the principal and accessory glands discharge their secretions through a common salivary duct which opens at the base of the hypopharynx. The ultrastructure of the lobules of the principal salivary gland reveals a thick amorphous, basement membrane (800–1000Å) which supports the glandular epithelium. The basal and apical plasma membranes of the epithelium show basal infoldings and microvilli respectively. The nucleus is highly branched and remains surrounded by a double layered nuclear envelope. The ergastoplasmic membranes show abundance of ribosomes. Many mitochondria are also visible in the cytoplasm. It is concluded that the salivary gland ofL. indicusis an organ of high synthetic activity.
Evaluating an insect pest management system in an irrigated rice environment
Authors: Dakouo D. , Nacro S. , Post R. , Traoré Y. , Nokoe S. , Munyinyi D. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe efficiency and profitability of an integrated pest management system consisting of a phytosanitary survey and threshold interventions (based on levels of insect damage) was tested at the Vallée du Kou irrigated rice scheme in Burkina Faso, for two consecutive crop seasons in 1987. There was a considerable advantage in cost, number of insecticidal applications and yield of a threshold intervention-based system over arbitrary or routine insecticidal application methods. The proposed method is considered to be environmentally friendly.
Efficacy of insecticidal applications based on calendar intervals and plant growth stages for control of insect pests on cowpea
Authors: Alghali Aliyageen M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStudies were carried out to compare the efficacy of insecticide schedules based on calendar intervals with those based on plant growth stages for the control of cowpea insect pests. Spray schedules based on calendar intervals and plant growth stage gave reasonable control of the pest complex and increased grain yields significantly. However, spray schedules based on plant growth stages alone were more efficient for two of the three cowpea varieties tested. This was attributed to differences in maturity periods which made spraying by regular calendar intervals slightly out of phase with attack by key insect pests. Thus, spray schedules based on plant growth stages are recommended for the control of insect pests of cowpea.
Distribution of herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in row crop production systems in Texas
Authors: Garetson Russ , Singh Vijay , Singh Shilpa , Dotray Peter , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA state-level survey was conducted across major row-crop production regions of Texas to document the level of sensitivity of Palmer amaranth to glyphosate, atrazine, pyrithiobac, tembotrione, fomesafen, and dicamba. Between 137 and 161 Palmer amaranth populations were evaluated for sensitivity to the labelled field rate (1X), and rated as resistant (≤49% injury), less sensitive (50% to 89% injury), or susceptible (90% to 100% injury). For glyphosate, 62%, 19%, 13%, and 13% of the populations from the High Plains, Central Texas, Rio Grande Valley, and Lower Gulf Coast, respectively, were resistant. Resistance to atrazine was more common in Palmer amaranth populations from the High Plains than in other regions, with 16% of the populations resistant and 22% less sensitive. Approximately 90% of the populations from the High Plains that exhibited resistance to atrazine POST also were resistant to atrazine PRE. Of the 160 populations tested for pyrithiobac, approximately 99% were resistant or less sensitive, regardless of the region. No resistance was found to fomesafen, tembotrione, or dicamba. However, 22% of the populations from the High Plains were less sensitive to 1X (93 g ai ha−1) tembotrione, but were killed at 2X, illustrating the background variability in sensitivity to this herbicide. For dicamba, three populations, all from the High Plains, exhibited less sensitivity at the 1X rate (controlled at the 2X rate; 1X = 560 g ae ha−1). One population exhibited multiple resistance to three herbicides with distinct sites of action (SOAs) involving acetolactate synthase, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, and photosystem II inhibitors. Palmer amaranth populations exhibited less sensitivity to approximately 15 combinations of herbicides involving up to five SOAs. Dose-response assays conducted on the populations most resistant to glyphosate, pyrithiobac, or atrazine indicated they were 30-, 32-, or 49-fold or more resistant to these herbicides, respectively, compared with a susceptible standard.
Explicit Prediction of Continental Convection in a Skillful Variable‐Resolution Global Model
Authors: Harris Lucas M. , Rees Shannon L. , Morin Matthew , Zhou Linjiong , Stern William F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present a new global‐to‐regional model, cfvGFS, able to explicitly (without parameterization) represent convection over part of the Earth. This model couples the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Finite‐Volume Cubed‐Sphere Dynamical Core (FV3) to the Global Forecast System physics and initial conditions, augmented with a six‐category microphysics and a modified planetary boundary layer scheme. We examine the characteristics of cfvGFS on a 3‐km continental U. S. domain nested within a 13‐km global model. The nested cfvGFS still has good hemispheric skill comparable to or better than the operational Global Forecast System, while supercell thunderstorms, squall lines, and derechos are explicitly represented over the refined region. In particular, cfvGFS has excellent representations of fine‐scale updraft helicity fields, an important proxy for severe weather forecasting. Precipitation biases are found to be smaller than in uniform‐resolution global models and competitive with operational regional models; the 3‐km domain also improves upon the global models in 2‐m temperature and humidity skill. We discuss further development of cfvGFS and the prospects for a unified global‐to‐regional prediction system.
Global Assessment of Current and Future Groundwater Stress With a Focus on Transboundary Aquifers
Authors: Herbert Claudia , Döll Petra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe quantified groundwater stress worldwide by applying the global water resources and water use model WaterGAP 2.2b (Water ‐ Global Assessment and Prognosis) for current conditions (1981–2010) as well as for the 2050s under the worst‐case greenhouse gas emissions scenario RCP8.5. To improve global‐scale groundwater stress assessments, we suggest three new water quantity‐related groundwater stress indicators as well as a new way for communicating projected future groundwater stress at the grid‐cell level (~55 × 55 km) and for larger spatial units such as transboundary aquifers (>20,000 km2). The new indicators encompass the ratio of net abstractions from groundwater to groundwater recharge, human‐induced changes in groundwater discharge, and human‐induced groundwater depletion. We compare them to four conventional indicators used in the Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme and show how they can add value to global‐scale studies or are even more suitable for indicating groundwater stress. We assess potentials and limitations of all indicators by addressing their level of process representation, data requirements, uncertainty, and the underlying different concepts of sustainable groundwater use. To support adaptation to climate change, we recommend showing both the ensemble mean and the worst‐case scenario of future groundwater stress that we derived from five climate and two irrigation scenarios. For characterizing groundwater stress in spatial units such as transboundary aquifers, areal fractions where a selected indicator threshold is exceeded should be considered. Finally, hot spots of future groundwater stress should be identified by combining relative changes from current conditions with absolute values of future groundwater stress.
3D Janus plasmonic helical nanoapertures for polarization-encrypted data storage
Authors: Chen Yang , Yang Xiaodong , Gao Jie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHelical structures have attracted considerable attention due to their inherent optical chirality. Here, we report a unique type of 3D Janus plasmonic helical nanoaperture with direction-controlled polarization sensitivity, which is simply fabricated via the one-step grayscale focused ion beam milling method. Circular dichroism in transmission of as large as 0.72 is experimentally realized in the forward direction due to the spin-dependent mode coupling process inside the helical nanoaperture. However, in the backward direction, the nanoaperture acquires giant linear dichroism in transmission of up to 0.87. By encoding the Janus metasurface with the two nanoaperture enantiomers having specified rotation angles, direction-controlled polarization-encrypted data storage is demonstrated for the first time, where a binary quick-response code image is displayed in the forward direction under the circularly polarized incidence of a specified handedness, while a distinct grayscale image is revealed in the backward direction under linearly polarized illumination with a specified azimuthal angle. We envision that the proposed Janus helical nanoapertures will provide an appealing platform for a variety of applications, which will range from multifunctional polarization control, enantiomer sensing, data encryption and decryption to optical information processing.
Targeting mutations to the plastidial psbA gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii without direct positive selection
Authors: Shmidt Volha , Kaftan David , Scherz Avigdor , Danon Avihai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTargeting mutations to specific genomic loci is invaluable for assessing in vivo the effect of these changes on the biological role of the gene in study. Here, we attempted to introduce a mutation that was previously implicated in an increased heat stability of the mesophilic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 via homologous recombination to the psbA gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. For that, we established a strategy for targeted mutagenesis that was derived from the efficient genome-wide homologous-recombination-based methodology that was used to target individual genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While the isolated mutants did not show any benefit under elevated temperature conditions, the new strategy proved to be efficient for C. reinhardtii even in the absence of direct positive selection.