bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current trends in medicalisation: Universalising ADHD diagnosis and treatments
Authors: Lusardi Roberto 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is a wide sociological debate that documents how inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviours from a certain point forward cease to be disturbing behaviours and become childhood psychiatric disorders—named attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD)—to be responded to with specific treatments since these behaviours are supposed to have a negative or pervasive impact on social and personal functioning and quality of life. Looking back over the stages of this debate, the article will focus on what, in recent years, are the two main directions of the expansion of the domain of medicalisation: on the one hand, discussing how the ADHD category has changed by moving from being typically a childhood problem to a disorder that can affect adults and, on the other, how it tends to globalise conquering new markets outside the United States, Canada, and Australia. The article concludes commenting on how the processes of lifelong expansion and worldwide diffusion is universalising the medical category, overcoming the disciplinary and geographical boundaries in which ADHD was created and developed.
Evaluation and development of sustainable urban land use plans through spatial optimization
Authors: Yao Jing , Murray Alan T. , Wang Jing , Zhang Xiaoxiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlong with rapid global urbanization, cities are challenged by environmental risks and resource scarcity. Sustainable urban planning is central to address the dilemma of economic growth and ecosystem protection, where the use of land is critical. Sustainable land use patterns are spatially explicit in nature, and can be structured and addressed using spatial optimization integrating GIS and mathematical models. This research discusses prominent sustainability concerns in land use planning and suggests a generalized multi‐objective spatial optimization model to facilitate conventional planning. The model is structured to meet land use demand while satisfying the requirements of the physical environment, society and economy. Unlike existing work relying on raster data, due to its simple data structure and ease of spatial relationship evaluation, this research develops an approach for identifying land use solutions based on vector data that better reflects the actual shape and spatial layout of land parcels as well as the ways land use information is managed in practice. An evolutionary algorithm is developed to find the set of efficient (Pareto) solutions given the complexity of vector‐based representations of space. The proposed approach is applied in an empirical study of Dafeng, China in order to support local urban growth and development. The results demonstrate that spatial optimization can be a powerful tool for deriving effective and efficient land use planning strategies. A comparison to results using a raster data approach supports the superiority of land use optimization using vector data as part of planning practice.
Integrative genome analysis identified the KANNO blood group antigen as prion protein
Authors: Omae Yosuke , Ito Shoichi , Takeuchi Mayumi , Isa Kazumi , Ogasawara Kenichi , Kawabata Kinuyo , Oda Akira , Kaito Sayaka , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Uchikawa Makoto , Wada Ikuo , Ohto Hitoshi , Tokunaga Katsushi 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDAnti‐KANNO, a broadly reactive RBC alloantibody, is found among some Japanese pregnant women, but the genetic basis of the corresponding antigen remains unclear.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe integrated a statistical approach to identify the coding gene for KANNO antigen by conducting a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on four KANNO‐negative individuals and 415 healthy Japanese. We also applied whole‐exome sequencing to them and performed a replication study to confirm the identified genome variation using independent 14 KANNO‐negative individuals. A monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilization of erythrocyte antigens (MAIEA) assay was used to locate KANNO antigen on RBC‐specific membrane protein. In vivo and in vitro binding assays of anti‐KANNO were further applied to the cells expressing a candidate protein.RESULTSThe GWAS revealed a genome‐wide significant association of chromosome 20p13 locus (p = 2.76E‐08; odds ratio > 1000 [95% confidence interval = 48–23,674]). The identified single‐nucleotide polymorphism located in an intronic region of the prion protein (PRNP) gene. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a missense variant in the PRNP gene (rs1800014, E219K), which is in linkage disequilibrium with the single‐nucleotide polymorphism identified in the GWAS. All 18 KANNO‐negative individuals possessed the homozygous genotype of the missense variant. The MAIEA assay using anti‐KANNO and mouse antihuman prion protein showed a clear difference between KANNO‐positive and KANNO‐negative RBCs. Anti‐KANNO showed direct binding to CHO‐K1 cells expressing wild‐type PRNP but not to those expressing E219K PRNP.CONCLUSIONWe first identified the coding gene of the high‐frequency antigen KANNO located in PRNP and the missense variation (E219K) that affects the seropositivity of the KANNO antigen, which were confirmed by PRNP overexpressed cells.
Transfusion trends in hip arthroplasty in Korea: a nationwide study by the Korean National Health Insurance Service
Authors: Suh You‐Sung , Lee Jeong Jae , Nho Jae‐Hwi , Lee Jae‐Jun , Won Sung Hun , Yang Hyeon‐Jong 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDHip arthroplasties are strongly associated with blood transfusion to compensate for perioperative bleeding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the trends in transfusion associated with hip arthroplasties, using nationwide data supplied by the National Health Insurance Service.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe used data from nationwide claims database of the Health Insurance Review Assessment Service. The data managed by the National Health Insurance Service were used to identify 161,934 hip arthroplasties under three categories, including bipolar hemiarthroplasty, total hip arthroplasty, and revision arthroplasty, from 2007 to 2015. The transfusion rates, transfusion amounts, the proportion of transfusion, and cost associated with each type of operation were investigated and stratified according to age, sex, hospital type, and region.RESULTSThe proportion of patients receiving any allogeneic transfusion was 81.1% in 9 years. The overall proportion of transfusion was 7% fresh frozen plasma, 12% platelets, and 77% RBCs. The average count of transfusions was 4.1 in bipolar hemiarthroplasty (343,815/83,729), 4.3 in total hip arthroplasty (196,869/46,097), and 8.7 in revision arthroplasty (35,044/4,024) from 2007 to 2015.CONCLUSIONIn this nationally representative study of trends in transfusion associated with hip arthroplasty, we observed significantly high rates of blood transfusion among patients undergoing hip arthroplasties. Although the overall amount of transfusion declined, the allogeneic transfusion rate was still high from 2007 to 2015 in Korea, and higher than other countries are reporting.
Synthetic microRNA‐205 exhibited tumour suppression in spontaneous canine malignant melanoma by intratumoral injection
Authors: Yoshikawa Ryutaro , Mori Takashi , Noguchi Shunsuke , Akao Yukihiro , Maruo Kohji , Kitade Yukio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, noncoding RNA molecules consisting of 18 to 25 nucleotides. Malignant melanomas (MMs) are one of the most common malignancies in both dogs and humans. We previously reported that chemically modified synthetic miRNA‐205 (miR‐205BP/S3) inhibits melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intratumoral administration of synthetic miR‐205 for spontaneous CMMs and to evaluate its potential as systemic therapy. Ten dogs with various stages of MM were treated with miR‐205BP/S3 injected into tumours. Adverse effects (AEs) were assessed in accordance with the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group‐Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG‐CTCAE) v1.1 guidelines. Five cases attained complete remission (CR), three attained stable disease (SD), and two cases displayed characteristics of progressive disease (PD). In all cases, no changes were observed in the blood parameters upon miRNA administration, and miR‐205BP/S3 administration did not yield any side effects. The present results suggest that intratumoral administration of miR‐205BP/S3 is a potentially applicable treatment for canine melanoma.
Compact Wideband Frequency Reconfigurable Metamaterial Antenna Design
Authors: Y Iliyasu Adamu , Hamid Mohamad Rijal , A Rahim Mohamad Kamal , Aminu-Baba Murtala , Mohd Yusof Mohd Fairus 
Published: April 2019

This paper presents the design of compact wideband frequency reconfigurable metamaterial (MTM) antenna. The design is based on the idea of obtaining single and multi-bands in wideband metamaterial antenna within the range of bandwidth. This is achieved by introducing capacitive slots which neutralize inductive properties and generate left handed capacitive parameter. The three series slots in the patch contribute for bandwidth enhancement while two PIN Diode Switches provide multi-bands operation. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software is used to determine the operation and effectiveness of the proposed antenna. The approach has several notable merits which include improvement of spectrum utilization, minimize spectrum congestion, interference and provide bands selectivity. From the simulation results, it was found that, bandwidth was improved to 2.8 GHz which is equivalent to 82% fractional bandwidth. Also, it can switch to seven different frequency bands of operation with only two number of switches. The realized peak gain is 2.44 dBi and 3.15 dBi at 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz respectively with average efficiency of 95%. The antenna can be utilized for wireless communication and cognitive radio application.
Multiplatform evaluation of global trends in wind speed and wave height
Authors: Young Ian R. , Ribal Agustinus 
Published: April 2019

Ocean winds blowing harder
Two frequently asked questions about how climate warming will affect the environment are whether windiness might change and what effects that might have on ocean waves. Young and Ribal analyzed global satellite data over the period from 1985 to 2018 to determine if there are any trends in oceanic wind speed and wave height. They found small increases in both quantities, with the strongest increases in extreme conditions and in the Southern Ocean. These findings are important for understanding air-sea exchange of energy and carbon dioxide and for projecting sea levels during storms.

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Structural evolution of central Death Valley, California, using new thermochronometry of the Badwater turtleback
Authors: Sizemore Travis , Wielicki Matthew M. , Çemen Ibrahim , Stockli Daniel , Heizler Matthew , Robinson Delores 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Badwater turtleback, Copper Canyon turtleback, and Mormon Point turtleback are three anomalously smooth, ∼2-km-high basement structures in the Black Mountains of Death Valley, California. Their structural evolution is linked to the Cenozoic tectonic history of the region. To explore their evolution, we apply (U-Th)/He, Ar/Ar, and U-Pb analyses, with multi-domain diffusion modeling to 10 samples from the Badwater turtleback. The cooling history of the Badwater turtleback is used as a proxy for its exhumation history as it uplifted from warmer depths.We find slow (<2 °C/m.y.) cooling from ca. 32 to 6 Ma, followed by rapid (120–140 °C/m.y.) cooling from ca. 6 to 4.5 Ma, and finally moderate (30–120 °C/m.y.) cooling occurred from ca. 4.5 Ma until the present. When these data are added to previously published cooling paths of the Copper Canyon turtleback and Mormon Point turtleback, a northwest cooling pattern is broadly evident, consistent with a top-to-NW removal of the hanging wall along a detachment fault. We propose a six-phase tectonic history. Post-orogenic collapse and erosion dominated from ca. 32 to 16 Ma. At 16–14 Ma, a detachment fault formed with a breakaway south and east of the Black Mountains, with normal faults in the hanging wall. Moderate extension continued from 14 to 8 Ma causing exhumation of the turtlebacks through the brittle-ductile transition. Dextral transtension at 7–6 Ma produced a pull-apart basin across the Black Mountains with rapid extension. The locus of deformation transferred to the Panamint and Owens Valley fault systems from 4.5 to 3.5 Ma, slowing extension in the Black Mountains until present.
Examining the tectono-stratigraphic architecture, structural geometry, and kinematic evolution of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt, Kumaun, northwest India
Authors: Mandal Subhadip , Robinson Delores M. , Kohn Matthew J. , Khanal Subodha , Das Oindrila 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExisting structural models of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt in Kumaun, northwest India, are based on a tectono-stratigraphy that assigns different stratigraphy to the Ramgarh, Berinag, Askot, and Munsiari thrusts and treats the thrusts as separate structures. We reassess the tectono-stratigraphy of Kumaun, based on new and existing U-Pb zircon ages and whole-rock Nd isotopic values, and present a new structural model and deformation history through kinematic analysis using a balanced cross section. This study reveals that the rocks that currently crop out as the Ramgarh, Berinag, Askot, and Munsiari thrust sheets were part of the same, once laterally continuous stratigraphic unit, consisting of Lesser Himalayan Paleoproterozoic granitoids (ca. 1850 Ma) and metasedimentary rocks. These Paleoproterozoic rocks were shortened and duplexed into the Ramgarh-Munsiari thrust sheet and other Paleoproterozoic thrust sheets during Himalayan orogenesis. Our structural model contains a hinterland-dipping duplex that accommodates ∼541–575 km or 79%–80% of minimum shortening between the Main Frontal thrust and South Tibetan Detachment system. By adding in minimum shortening from the Tethyan Himalaya, we estimate a total minimum shortening of ∼674–751 km in the Himalayan fold-thrust belt. The Ramgarh-Munsiari thrust sheet and the Lesser Himalayan duplex are breached by erosion, separating the Paleoproterozoic Lesser Himalayan rocks of the Ramgarh-Munsiari thrust into the isolated, synclinal Almora, Askot, and Chiplakot klippen, where folding of the Ramgarh-Munsiari thrust sheet by the Lesser Himalayan duplex controls preservation of these klippen. The Ramgarh-Munsiari thrust carries the Paleoproterozoic Lesser Himalayan rocks ∼120 km southward from the footwall of the Main Central thrust and exposed them in the hanging wall of the Main Boundary thrust. Our kinematic model demonstrates that propagation of the thrust belt occurred from north to south with minor out-of-sequence thrusting and is consistent with a critical taper model for growth of the Himalayan thrust belt, following emplacement of midcrustal Greater Himalayan rocks. Our revised stratigraphy-based balanced cross section contains ∼120–200 km greater shortening than previously estimated through the Greater, Lesser, and Subhimalayan rocks.
Should home-based ovulation predictor kits be offered as an additional approach for fertility management for women and couples desiring pregnancy? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yeh Ping Teresa , Kennedy Caitlin E , Van der Poel Sheryl , Matsaseng Thabo , Bernard Laura , Narasimhan Manjulaa 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionTo inform the WHO Guideline on self-care interventions, we conducted a systematic review of the impact of ovulation predictor kits (OPKs) on time-to-pregnancy, pregnancy, live birth, stress/anxiety, social harms/adverse events and values/preferences.MethodsIncluded studies had to compare women desiring pregnancy who managed their fertility with and without OPKs, measure an outcome of interest and be published in a peer-reviewed journal. We searched for studies on PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and EMBASE through November 2018. We assessed risk of bias assessed using the Cochrane tool for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and the Evidence Project tool for observational studies, and conducted meta-analysis using random effects models to generate pooled estimates of relative risk (RR).ResultsFour studies (three RCTs and one observational study) including 1487 participants, all in high-income countries, were included. Quality of evidence was low. Two RCTs found no difference in time-to-pregnancy. All studies reported pregnancy rate, with mixed results: one RCT from the 1990s among couples with unexplained or male-factor infertility found no difference in clinical pregnancy rate (RR: 1.09, 95% CI 0.51 to 2.32); two more recent RCTs found higher self-reported pregnancy rates among OPK users (pooled RR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.80). A small observational study found higher rates of pregnancy with lab testing versus OPKs among women using donor insemination services. One RCT found no increase in stress/anxiety after two menstrual cycles using OPKs, besides a decline in positive affect. No studies measured live birth or social harms/adverse events. Six studies presented end-users’ values/preferences, with almost all women reporting feeling satisfied, comfortable and confident using OPKs.ConclusionA small evidence base, from high-income countries and with high risk of bias, suggests that home-based use of OPKs may improve fertility management when attempting to become pregnant with no meaningful increase in stress/anxiety and with high user acceptability.Systematic review registration numberPROSPERO registration number CRD42019119402.
Developing measures for WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience: a conceptual framework and scoping review
Authors: Lattof Samantha R , Tunçalp Özge , Moran Allisyn C , Bucagu Maurice , Chou Doris , Diaz Theresa , Gülmezoglu Ahmet Metin 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesIn response to the newest WHO recommendations on routine antenatal care (ANC) for pregnant women and adolescent girls, this paper identifies the literature on existing ANC measures, presents a conceptual framework for quality ANC, maps existing measures to specific WHO recommendations, identifies gaps where new measures are needed to monitor the implementation and impact of routine ANC and prioritises measures for capture.MethodsWe conducted searches in four databases and five websites. Searches and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow approach for scoping reviews. Data were extracted on measure information, methodology, methodological work and implementation. We adapted and refined a conceptual framework for routine ANC based on these measures.ResultsThis scoping review uncovered 58 resources describing 46 existing measures that align with WHO recommendations and good clinical practices for ANC. Of the 42 WHO-recommended ANC interventions and four good clinical practices included in this scoping review, only 14 WHO-recommended interventions and three established good clinical practices could potentially be measured immediately using existing measures. Recommendations addressing the integration of ANC with allied fields are likelier to have existing measures than recommendations that focus on maternal health. When mapped to our conceptual framework, existing measures prioritise content of care and health systems; measures for girls’ and women’s experiences of care are notably lacking. Available data sources for non-existent measures are currently limited.ConclusionOur research updates prior efforts to develop comprehensive measures of quality ANC and raises awareness of the need to better assess experiences of ANC. Given the inadequate number and distribution of existing ANC measures across the quality of care conceptual framework domains, new standardised measures are required to assess quality of routine ANC. Girls’ and women’s voices deserve greater acknowledgement when measuring the quality and delivery of ANC.
Knowledge and intake of folic acid among teachers of childbearing age in the State of Qatar: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lolowa Al Mannai , Selim Nagah , Alkuwari Mohammad , Salem Ismail Mansoura 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the knowledge and intake of folic acid among teachers of childbearing age and to identify barriers to folic acid intake.SettingGovernmental schools, which included 14 primary models, 29 primary, 14 preparatory and 16 secondary schools. The proportion of teachers in each stratum was then determined, and a stratified random sampling design had been used with proportional allocation.Study designCross-sectional studyParticipantsA total of 406 non-pregnant teachers of childbearing age enrolled in the study. A validated questionnaire in the Arabic language was used.ResultsThe overall response rate was 98%. About 34.6% reported the optimal period in which they should take folic acid, 28.3% reported the correct intake duration and only 29.5% could name food rich in folic acid. Friends and healthcare providers were the main sources of information for the participants; however, 44% said that they did not receive enough information from their healthcare providers.ConclusionThere is a lack of knowledge and poor intake of folic acid among the participants. In particular, they lacked information about the appropriate time to start folic acid supplementations, the duration of intake and the folic acid-rich food. The most common reason being the limited advice given by their healthcare providers.Awareness campaigns are recommended to emphasise the role of healthcare providers in counselling women about the proper use of folic acid before pregnancy.
Discussing suicidality with depressed patients: an observational study in Dutch sentinel general practices
Authors: Elzinga Elke , Gilissen Renske , Donker Gé A , Beekman Aartjan T F , de Beurs Derek P 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThis paper aims to describe the degree to which general practitioners (GPs) explore suicidal behaviour among depressed patients in the Netherlands.DesignAn observational study of consultations between GPs and depressed patients.Setting39 sentinel GP practices within the Netherlands in 2017.ParticipantsPatients with a registration of depression.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure is suicide exploration by the GP. Secondary outcome measures at patient level, assessed by surveying GPs, include prevalence and severity of suicidal thoughts. Secondary outcome measures at GP level include follow-up actions of GP and reasons not to explore suicidality.ResultsA total of 1034 questionnaires were included in the analyses. GPs assessed and explored suicidality in 44% of patients with depression (66% in patients with a new episode of depression). GPs explored suicidal feelings more often in patients with a new episode of depression (OR 4.027, p<0.001, 95% CI 2.924 to 5.588), male patients (OR 1.709, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.256 to 2.330) or younger patients (OR 1.017, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.009 to 1.026). Multilevel analysis showed that 22% of the variation in suicide exploration is due to differences in GP practice. Thirty-eight per cent of the patients who were asked by their GP, reported (severe) suicidal ideation. Most GPs (68%) did not explore suicidal feelings because they thought the patient would not be suicidal.ConclusionGPs explored suicidal thoughts in less than half of all depressed patients and in two-thirds of patients with a new episode of depression. Suicide prevention training is recommended to enhance suicide exploration.