bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A stochastic weather model for generating daily precipitation series at ungauged locations in the Catskill Mountain region of New York state
Authors: Yeo Myeong‐Ho , Frei Allan , Gelda Rakesh K. , Owens Emmet M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInformation on the variability of precipitation in time and space is critical for many water resource projects. However, precipitation records at the location of interest are often either limited or unavailable due to an inadequate network of rainfall measurements. To address this need, regionalization methods have been employed to characterize spatial patterns of precipitation and to transfer precipitation information from one location to another where records are scarce. Hence, the overall objective of the present paper is to propose a stochastic weather model for generating daily precipitation at ungauged locations. The proposed approach consists of two components: (a) a regionalization approach for identifying homogeneous groups of observed daily precipitation series, and (b) a stochastic model for constructing daily precipitation events at ungauged locations within homogeneous groups. This statistical approach identifies groups of precipitation stations with similar statistical characteristics based on the combination of two multivariate statistical techniques: principal component analysis (PCA) and ordinal factor analysis (OFA). While the application of PCA in climatological regionalization studies based on precipitation amount is common, the application of OFA to include precipitation occurrence in the identification of regions is unusual. The feasibility of the approach is assessed using daily precipitation data from a network of precipitation stations in the Catskill Mountain region of New York State, United States.
The combined use of 1H and 2D NMR‐based metabolomics and chemometrics for non‐targeted screening of biomarkers and identification of reconstituted milk
Authors: Cui Jing , Zhu Dan , Su Meicheng , Tan Dongfei , Zhang Xia , Jia Man , Chen Gang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe illegal undeclared addition of reconstituted milk powder to ultra‐heat treated (UHT) milk to lower production costs is an example of economically motivated adulteration. This activity not only defrauds consumers but also places honest traders at a disadvantage, which could damage the reputation of milk producers and reduce the integrity of the markets. In this research, a non‐targeted analytical strategy that combines proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with a chemometrics data mining tool was developed for the authentication of bovine UHT milk.RESULTSUnsupervised principal component analysis was used to distinguish UHT and tap‐water‐reconstituted powdered milk. Partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) with R2(Y) and Q2 equal to 0.859 and 0.748, respectively, was used to differentiate UHT and reconstituted milk samples. Three compounds were selected as biomarkers to distinguish UHT and reconstituted milk and identified according to the standard NMR‐spectra database. Finally, a PLS‐DA model was established, according to the characteristic spectral bands, to identify UHT milk and reconstituted milk.CONCLUSIONThis procedure demonstrated the feasibility of using non‐targeted NMR profiling combined with chemometric analysis to combat mislabeling and fraudulent practices in milk production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of buckwheat extracts on acrylamide formation and the quality of bread
Authors: Jing Yuchun , Li Xiaoping , Hu Xinzhong , Ma Zhen , Liu Liu , Ma Xia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe presence of acrylamide in food has attracted wide attention and has raised concerns due to its potential toxic and carcinogenic effects. The phenolic compounds in buckwheat display strong antioxidant activity, which may affect the acrylamide levels. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of buckwheat extracts on acrylamide formation and the quality of the bread, and to investigate possible inhibitory mechanisms.RESULTSThe extracts from Tartary buckwheat seeds, Tartary buckwheat sprouts, common buckwheat seeds, and common buckwheat sprouts reduced acrylamide level in bread by 23.5, 27.3, 17.0, and 16.7%, respectively. In addition, all four buckwheat extracts significantly (P < 0.05) reduced acrylamide levels in the asparagine / glucose system. There were significant positive correlations between total phenolic compound content, the antioxidant activity of the extracts, and the reduction in the acrylamide level. Evaluation of the organoleptic and textural properties indicated that the addition of the extracts did not significantly affect the crust color, aroma, taste, crumb appearance, and hardness of the bread.CONCLUSIONThis study showed that proper use of buckwheat extracts can reduce acrylamide levels in bread without having a significant impact on their properties. The study also revealed that a possible acrylamide formation inhibitory mechanism involved the Maillard reaction through the asparagine / glucose pathway. The study also provided useful information for the further application of buckwheat in improving food safety. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Why do tourists differ in their likelihood to visit attractions? The case of Lanzarote
Authors: Padrón‐Ávila Hugo , Hernández‐Martín Raúl 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, more than 35,000 survey responses given by tourists from 2010 and 2016 are used to explain visits to tourism attractions in Lanzarote. In the survey, tourists are asked about a wide set of variables. Among these, there is a question regarding the attractions visited during their trip. With these data, it has been possible to carry out a discrete choice model analysis to establish the variables that explain why certain tourists are more prone to visit attractions than others. This study is relevant to understand tourists' mobility patterns and behavior. It also has implications for marketing managers and tourism product developers.
Classification of successional stages in native forests of the Argentine Spinal through neural networks
Authors: Sabattini Julián Alberto , Sabattini Rafael Alberto , Urteaga‐Omar Alicia Florencia , Velázquez‐Martí Borja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNative forests are subject to variations in the structure of the different strata. These modifications can have a natural origin due to phenomena such as climate variation, fires, or floods; or they can be anthropic, due to the unsustainable use of forest resources. In general, according to the dominance of the different strata, the forests are classified as virgin, successional, or renoval. In the realization of inventories, there are situations in which the operator can offer a doubtful classification with a high degree of subjectivity. The purpose of this work has been to provide to technicians an objective tool for the classification of successional status in native forests. In this work, it has been found that there is a relationship between the presence of combinations of different plant species, both arboreal and shrub, related to the classification of forests. This relationship has been analyzed through the application of neural networks in two steps: First, a perceptron was applied, then a probabilistic neural network. The analysis through an artificial neuronal network of these two stages has allowed us to develop equations that through the presence/absence of 16 species allows to classify objectively the successional state. This analysis demonstrated an agreement of 83% with the subjective classification of trained field assessors.
The Value of Innovation to Implementation Program (VI2P): A strategic approach to aligning and leveraging academic research and clinical care missions
Authors: Li Jing , Williams Mark V. , Page Cecilia , Cassis Lisa , Kern Philip A. , DiPaola Robert S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProblemInefficient implementation of evidence‐based care garners increasing attention as a source of suboptimal value of clinical care, and integration of quality improvement methodology into clinical practice represents a potential solution. Academic medical centers (AMCs) often have expertise in implementation science, yet it is not leveraged effectively to solve operational inefficiencies or to rapidly implement evidence‐based practices (EBPs).ApproachTo leverage in‐house research expertise, the University of Kentucky (UK) College of Medicine and Center for Health Services Research (CHSR) launched a pilot awards program—Value of Innovation to Implementation Program (VI2P)—across its health system and six health professional colleges. Criteria for awards included a transdisciplinary research team and addressing health disparity issues faced by Kentucky. Outcome measures included EBP adoption and implementation and future funding.OutcomesThe VI2P produced 26 transdisciplinary teams that submitted letters of intent. Ten teams were invited to submit full proposal, and four projects were selected for award, spanning the entire continuum of health‐impact research. Three nonawarded projects were implemented and prompted system redesign for an “implementation research living laboratory.” A Workgroup for ImplementatioN Science (WINS) was established to forge transdisciplinary teams to pursue federal grant funding yielding proposals totaling $17.17 million submitted, $4.38 million awarded, and $5.97 million under review. Junior faculty were encouraged to pursue implementation science as a research focus.Next StepsUK WINS will continue serve as the hub for dissemination and implementation researchers at UK. On the basis of the enthusiasm expressed by multiple groups and many inquiries about the future training opportunities at UK, we plan to develop a tailored dissemination and implementation (D&I) training program to build research and practice capacity at UK.
Corrosion behavior of Al2024‐T3, Al5052‐H32, and Al6061‐T6 aluminum alloys coated with DLC films in aviation fuel medium, Jet A‐1 and AVGAS 100LL
Authors: Macário Paulo F. , Vieira Angela , Manfroi Lucas , da Silva Michely G. P. , Leite Priscila , Vieira Lucia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn aircraft and storage fuel tanks, many environmental corrosion factors can be present, which can cause breakdown to the passive film of aluminum causing severe localized corrosion. Aiming to a solution to this problem, diamond‐like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on substrates Al 2024‐T3, Al 5052‐H32, and Al 6061‐T6. The substrates with and without DLC films were submitted to a corrosive immersion test with aviation fuel Jet‐A1 and AVGAS 100LL. The surface morphology from aluminum substrates with and without DLC films was analyzed before and after 7 and 30 days of corrosive immersion tests by SEM. The adhesion of the DLC films was evaluated according to the ASTM‐C1624 scratching test standard, and the optical profilometry was used to measure the thickness and roughness. Silver nanoparticles were also added in DLC films samples due to its antibacterial properties to check the stability and resistance against corrosive fuel medium. The results indicated an improvement of corrosion resistance just with DLC films. The silver nanoparticles did not present any advantages in this corrosion protection, and the aluminum alloys suffered more corrosion than when protected by DLC films.
pH‐Sensitive Poly(ethylene glycol)/Poly(ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether) Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Characterization, Encapsulation, and Delivery of a Hydrophobic Drug
Authors: Illy Nicolas , Corcé Vincent , Zimbron Jérémy , Molinié Vincent , Labourel Mélanie , Tresset Guillaume , Degrouard Jéril , Salmain Michèle , Guégan Philippe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound known for its numerous pharmacological properties. However, its low water solubility and instability at neutral pH are serious drawbacks preventing its use as an oral drug. Well‐defined amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether) (PEG‐b‐PEEGE) block copolymers carrying acid‐labile acetal groups are synthesized by anionic ring‐opening polymerization and investigated as potential pH‐sensitive nano‐carriers for delivery of curcumin to cancer cells. The nanoparticles, resulting from copolymer self‐assembly in aqueous media, are characterized by dynamic light scattering and cryo‐transmission electron microscopy. The nanoparticles’ stabilities are evaluated in three different phosphate buffers (pH = 7.2, 6.4, and 5.3). The stability decreases at lower pH and a complete disappearance of the nanoparticles is noticed after 4 days at pH 5.3. Curcumin is encapsulated in hydrophobic core of mPEG40‐b‐PEEGE25 nanoparticles allowing significant enhancements of curcumin solubility in water and lifetime at neutral pH. In vitro curcumin release is studied at different pH by UV‐spectroscopy and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cytotoxicity of curcumin and curcumin encapsulated in micelles is evaluated by cell viability 3‐(4,5‐Dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells.
iPhone as a proxy indicator of adaptive narcissism: An empirical investigation
Authors: M. A. Sanjeev , Sehrawat Anil , P. K. Santhosh Kumar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn a consumeristic society, brands have become a signal to the identity and personality of the users. Apple Incorporate has been one of the most successful marketers, of modern times, with its iconic range of “i” devices that have a cult‐like following. The growth of “individualistic” society has also been credited with, as an important reason, for the success of the brand. Societies and people high in terms of individualism also tend to be more narcissistic. This study is an attempt to ascertain whether the use of the Apple iPhone is an indication of Narcissism. The results indicate an overall higher narcissistic score among users and aspirers of iPhone. However, iPhone users exhibit higher scores only in adaptive narcissism—indicative of leadership and authority and not in maladaptive narcissism—indicative of Entitlement Exploitativeness and Grandiose Exhibitionism; in comparison to nonusers. The results of the study have various managerial implications that may range from personality assessment to designing marketing messages and improving employee leadership and authority.
One‐Pot, Multicomponent Strategy for Designing Lymphoseek‐Inspired Hetero‐Glycoadjuvant@AuNPs
Authors: Liu Mengjie , Wen Ming , Shen Shuyi , Zhang Zhengbiao , Chen Gaojian , Zhang Weidong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSearching for vaccines (antigen and adjuvant) with easy preparation and strong T‐cell response are crucial for antitumor immunity. In this work, to design lymphoseek‐inspired vaccine possessing the abilities of promoting vaccine internalization and enhancing CD8+ T‐cell responses, a simple multicomponent strategy is successfully utilized to fabricate lymph node and dendritic cell dual‐targeting glycoadjuvant@AuNPs in one pot, where three different components, catechol‐containing glycopolymer, HAuCl4, and amine‐terminal CpG (CpG‐NH2) can react in a single step to generate target adjuvant. It is found that hetero‐glycoadjuvant@AuNPs could increase adjuvant internalization and enhance the activation of bone‐marrow‐derived dendritic cells. Critically, lymphoseek‐inspired vaccine potentiates antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell immune responses.
Combinational Hydrogel and Xerogel Actuators Showing NIR Manipulating Complex Actions
Authors: Yang Shurui , Zhang Yuancheng , Zhang Chao , Wang Tao , Sun Weixiang , Tong Zhen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR)‐driven shape memory hydrogels are synthesized with a one‐pot polymerization of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide in the inorganic clay and graphene oxide (GO) suspension. The hydrogel consists of only a physically crosslinked network, which is partially thermoreversible. With the efficient photothermal energy transformation of GO in the hydrogels, the shape recovery from the temporal shape is achieved by NIR irradiation. The optimal shape fixing percentage and recovery rate are found at moderate monomer and crosslinker contents. Meanwhile, the xerogel dried from the hydrogel also shows a fast NIR response shape change. The NIR manipulating combinational hydrogel–xerogel actuators are prepared by combining the wet and soft hydrogel and its dry and rigid xerogel together. The actuators achieve complex actions of turning and lifting under sequential NIR irradiation to carry an object up‐ and downward and around obstacles, or to transfer an object to a target position. This work provides a new idea for designing combinational actuators to fulfil complex actions.
Hyperlipidemia Determines Dysfunctional HDL Production and Impedes Cholesterol Efflux in the Small Intestine: Alleviation by Ginger Extract
Authors: Barbalata Teodora , Deleanu Mariana , Carnuta Mihaela Georgiana , Niculescu Loredan Stefan , Raileanu Mina , Sima Anca Volumnia , Stancu Camelia Sorina 
Published: July 2019

ScopeTo assess the impact of ginger extract (GIN) in stimulating the production of quality HDL and the cholesterol efflux in the small intestine (SI), key processes in the management of hyperlipidemia (HL)‐induced hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerosis.Methods and resultsThree groups of hamsters are used: (i) N, fed standard diet, (ii) HL, fed high‐fat diet for 21 weeks, and (iii) HL‐GIN, HL treated with GIN for the last 5 weeks of diet. Apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I), malondialdehyde‐apoA‐I (MDA‐apoA‐I), paraoxonase1 (PON1), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are measured in plasma and SI. ATP‐binding cassette A1 transporter (ABCA1), ABCG5/G8, liver X receptor α/β (LXRα/β), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) are assessed in the SI. Results show that in HL plasma, GIN decreases MDA‐apoA‐I, MPO/PON1 ratio and increases HDL‐cholesterol/total cholesterol. In HL‐SI, GIN decreases MDA‐apoA‐I and MPO, increases ApoA‐I, PON1, and ABCA1, and restores cholesterol efflux disturbed by HL (SIRT1‐LXRα/β‐PPARγ‐ABCG8). GIN administration is associated with the reduction of the aortic valves lipid‐deposits.ConclusionIn HL conditions, GIN stimulates the functional HDL production by restoring apoA‐I quality and quantity through inhibition of the oxidative stress, and increases cholesterol efflux in the SI. These effects are associated with the restoration of SIRT1‐LXRα/β‐PPARγ pathway.
Patient‐reported study of the impact of pediatric‐onset myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Hunter Michael , Ekstrom Anne‐Berit , Campbell Craig , Hung Man , Bounsanga Jerry , Bates Kameron , Adams Heather R. , Luebbe Elizabeth , Moxley Richard T. , Heatwole Chad , Johnson Nicholas E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence and impact of symptoms affecting individuals with pediatric forms of myotonic dystrophy type‐1 (DM1) are not well understood.MethodsPatients from the United States, Canada, and Sweden completed a survey that investigated 20 themes associated with pediatric‐onset DM1. Participants reported the prevalence and importance of each theme affecting their lives. Surveys from participants were matched with surveys from their caregivers for additional analysis.ResultsThe most prevalent symptomatic themes included problems with hands or fingers (79%) and gastrointestinal issues (75%). Problems with urinary/bowel control and gastrointestinal issues were reported to have the greatest impact on patients’ lives. Responses from participants and their caregivers had varying levels of agreement among symptomatic themes.DiscussionMany symptoms have meaningful impact on disease burden. The highest levels of agreement between caregivers and individuals with pediatric forms of myotonic dystrophy were found for physical activity themes.
Statin‐induced myasthenia: A disproportionality analysis of the WHO's VigiBase pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Gras‐Champel Valerie , Batteux Benjamin , Masmoudi Kamel , Liabeuf Sophie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundStatins have been linked to myasthenia gravis (MG) in recent case reports. However, MG is not currently listed as an adverse drug reaction (ADR) in the summary of product characteristics.MethodsWe performed case/noncase analyses in VigiBase® (the World Health Organization international database of suspected ADR) to identify a signal of MG (expressed as the reporting odds ratio [ROR] and its 95% confidence interval [CI]) for statins.ResultsA total of 3967 reports mentioned MG. Of these, 169 were suspected to be statin‐induced. A disproportionality signal was found for MG and statins use (ROR [95%CI] = 2.66 [2.28–3.10]).ConclusionsThe present disproportionality analysis revealed a possible drug safety signal linking MG and statins. This potential signal is weak, and is offset by the cardiovascular benefits of statins. Clinicians should be aware of this potential ADR, because it may require consideration of statin withdrawal or treatment of MG.
Increased fructose consumption has sex‐specific effects on fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in humans
Authors: Rodgers M. , Heineman B. , Dushay J. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryObjectiveFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a primarily hepatic hormone with pleotropic metabolic effects, is regulated by fructose in humans. Recent work has established that 75 g of oral fructose robustly stimulates FGF21 levels in humans with peak levels occurring 2 h following ingestion; this has been termed an oral fructose tolerance test (OFTT). It is unknown whether prolonged high‐fructose consumption influences the FGF21 response to acute fructose or whether biological sex influences FGF21–fructose dynamics.MethodsThirty‐nine healthy adults underwent baseline OFTT following an overnight fast. For the high‐fructose exposure protocol, 20 subjects ingested 75 g of fructose daily for 14 ± 3 d, followed by repeat OFTT. For the control group, an OFTT was repeated following 14 ± 3 d of ad lib diet. For all subjects, FGF21 levels, glucose, insulin, non‐esterified fatty acids and triglyceride levels were measured at baseline and 2 h following OFTT. All subjects maintained 3‐d food logs prior to OFTT testing.ResultsWomen demonstrated significantly higher baseline and peak stimulated total and intact FGF21 levels compared with men both before and after high‐fructose exposure. Baseline total and intact FGF21 levels decreased following ongoing fructose exposure, maintaining a stable ratio. This decrease was sex specific, with only women demonstrating decreased baseline FGF21 levels. There were no changes in metabolic or anthropometric parameters following the high‐fructose exposure.ConclusionsDaily ingestion of 75 g of fructose for 2 weeks results in a sex‐specific decrease in baseline FGF21 levels without change in body weight or biochemical evidence of metabolic injury. There were also sex‐specific differences in peak fructose‐stimulated FGF21 levels, which do not change with high‐fructose consumption. The role of FGF21 in the development of metabolic disease caused by fructose consumption may differ based on biological sex. Future long‐term studies should consider sex differences in FGF21–fructose dynamics.