bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lesions in the Sacroiliac Joints for Differentiation of Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis From Control Subjects With or Without Pelvic or Buttock Pain: A Prospective, Cross‐Sectional Study of 204 Participants
Authors: Seven Sengül , Østergaard Mikkel , Morsel‐Carlsen Lone , Sørensen Inge Juul , Bonde Birthe , Thamsborg Gorm , Lykkegaard Jens Jørgen , Hendricks Oliver , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Pedersen Susanne Juhl 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether different types of sacroiliac (SI) joint lesions identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could differentiate axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) from conditions with buttock or pelvic pain attributable to other reasons, including postpartum women and healthy subjects.MethodsThe study was designed as a prospective, cross‐sectional study involving 204 participants, comprising patients with axial SpA (n = 41) and control groups of subjects with or without SI joint pain, including patients with lumbar disc herniation (n = 25), women with (n = 46) or without (n = 14) postpartum buttock/pelvic pain (having given birth within the preceding 4–16 months), hospital cleaning staff (n = 26), long‐distance runners (n = 23), and healthy men (n = 29). Participants underwent clinical examination and MRI, and MRIs were evaluated in a blinded manner by 2 readers according to the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) SI joint inflammation and structural lesion scores. SPARCC score cutoff levels were defined as scores above a certain threshold. Primary analyses were based on reader agreement with regard to the presence of SI joint pathologic features on MRI (“concordant reads”). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated.ResultsSI joint ankylosis and backfill were detected by MRI only in patients with axial SpA (32% and 37%, respectively), while bone marrow edema (BME) and fat lesions were seen in all non–axial SpA control groups (3–39% with BME and 4–14% with fat lesions). SI joint erosion was present only in patients with axial SpA and in women with postpartum buttock/pelvic pain (at erosion score cutoffs of >1 and >4, 61% and 34%, respectively, in patients with axial SpA, and 9% and 2%, respectively, in women with postpartum buttock/pelvic pain). A SPARCC BME score of ≥5 was present only in patients with axial SpA (56%) and in women with postpartum buttock/pelvic pain (24%), while fat lesions were present, albeit rarely, at high SPARCC cutoff scores in nearly all groups. Of the 38 women from the non‐postpartum control groups who had given birth (mean time since birth 9.7 years), 2 (5%) had BME, whereas none had SI joint erosion or fat lesions, and none had a BME score of ≥4.ConclusionBME and fat lesions were most pronounced in patients with axial SpA, but also occurred in other groups, particularly women with postpartum buttock/pelvic pain. Erosion above a certain SPARCC score threshold as well as backfill and ankylosis were highly specific for axial SpA.
Partner‐diversity effects on alliance termination in the early stage of green alliance formation: Empirical evidence from carbon‐emission reduction projects in Latin America
Authors: Meschi Pierre‐Xavier , Norheim‐Hansen Anne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPartner diversity is a key influencer in interorganizational alliances, and several empirical studies have shown that its outcomes are contingent on alliance‐specific factors. We extend this research as well as the growing literature on green alliances, in which partner diversity is uniquely high. Specifically, we examine partner‐diversity effects on alliance termination in the early stage of green alliance formation. We hypothesize that in this context, size disparity increases termination likelihood, whereas organizational variety and cultural separation have the opposite effect. To test our hypotheses, we use a sample of 366 alliance projects located in Latin America and submitted to the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism for evaluation, validation, and registration from 2004 to 2014. Our findings contribute to several research streams and provide practical guidance for successful formation of alliances focused on environmental protection.
The utility of pulmonary function testing in the preoperative risk stratification of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Pino Jesus E. , Shah Varun , Ramos Tuarez Fergie J. , Kreidieh Omar I , Donath Elie , Lovitz Lawrence. S , Rothenberg Mark , Cubeddu Roberto J , Nores Marcos E , Chait Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe role of pulmonary function testing (PFT) as a predictor of clinically relevant endpoints in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the utility of PFT in the preoperative risk stratification of patients undergoing TAVR.MethodsAn evaluation of PFT (i.e., FEV1), arterial blood gases (i.e., PO2), the diagnosis of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) by the Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), and the diagnosis of chronic lung disease (CLD) by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) was performed to determine whether a relationship exists among these parameters and clinically relevant outcomes, including all‐cause 30‐day and 1‐year mortality.ResultsA total of 513 patients underwent TAVR between March 2013 and December 2016. Per STS criteria, 269/513 (52%) had CLD with a mean FEV1 of 55.4 ± 12%. Per GOLD criteria, 158/513 (30%) of patients had COPD with a mean FEV1/forced vital capacity of 61.8 ± 8.2%. The severity of CLD was affected by changes in ejection fraction, albumin, creatinine, and B‐type natriuretic peptide levels (p = .009, p < .001, p < .001, and p < .001, respectively), whereas the severity of COPD was not affected by these same variables, (p = .302, .079, .137, and .102, respectively). An increased A‐a gradient (p = .035), increased PCO2 (p = .016), and decreased PO2 (p = <.001) demonstrated increased risk of 30‐day mortality. Neither classification (COPD or CLD), nor PFT changes, showed association with 30‐day and 1‐year mortality (p = NS).ConclusionThis study suggests that isolated abnormalities in spirometry are a poor indicator of clinically relevant outcomes in TAVR. When classified correctly, COPD does not predict clinically relevant postoperative outcomes.
Characterization of Bubble Shapes in Non‐Newtonian Fluids by Parametric Equations
Authors: Xu Feishi , Midoux Noel , Li Huai-Zhi , Hébrard Gilles , Dietrich Nicolas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBased on experiments with single air bubbles rising in stagnant non‐Newtonian fluids, an innovative model containing the aspect ratio (E) and two parameters (α, β) was proposed and proved to be capable of characterizing the bubble shape from spherical/ellipsoidal to prolate/oblate‐tear with good accuracy. Several impacts on bubble deformation were investigated, involving the rheological properties of the fluids and different forces exerted on the bubble, which were quantified by multiple dimensionless numbers (e.g., Reynolds, Eötvös, and Deborah number). Within a wide range, the empirical correlations were obtained for parameter β, and between α and β. Together with the shape model, a complete system was set up for bubble shape characterization and prediction that will provide new ideas for future studies on bubble hydrodynamics.
High‐Yield 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Synthesis from Crude Sugar Beet Juice in a Biphasic Microreactor
Authors: Abdilla‐Santes Ria M. , Guo Wenze , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Yue Jun , Deuss Peter J. , Heeres Hero J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an important biobased platform chemical obtainable in high selectivity by the hydrolysis of fructose (FRC). However, FRC is expensive, making the production of HMF at a competitive market price highly challenging. Here, it is shown that sugar beet thick juice, a crude, sucrose‐rich intermediate in sugar refining, is an excellent feedstock for HMF synthesis. Unprecedented high selectivities and yields of >90 % for HMF were achieved in a biphasic reactor setup at 150 °C using salted diluted thick juice with H2SO4 as catalyst and 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran as a bioderived extraction solvent. The conversion of glucose, obtained by sucrose inversion, could be limited to <10 mol %, allowing its recovery for further use. Interestingly, purified sucrose led to significantly lower HMF selectivity and yields, showing advantages from both an economic and chemical selectivity perspective. This opens new avenues for more cost‐effective HMF production.
Moving beyond self‐report data collection in the natural environment: A review of the past and future directions for ambulatory assessment in eating disorders
Authors: Smith Kathryn E. , Mason Tyler B. , Juarascio Adrienne , Schaefer Lauren M. , Crosby Ross D. , Engel Scott G. , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn recent years, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used to repeatedly assess eating disorder (ED) symptoms in naturalistic settings, which has allowed for increased understanding of temporal processes that potentiate ED behaviors. However, there remain notable limitations of self‐report EMA, and with the rapid proliferation of technology there are ever‐increasing possibilities to improve ambulatory assessment methods to further the understanding and treatment of EDs. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to (a) systematically review the studies in EDs that have utilized ambulatory assessment methods other than self‐report, and (b) provide directions for future research and clinical applications.MethodA systematic literature search of electronic databases was conducted, and data regarding study characteristics and methodological quality were extracted.ResultsThe search identified 17 studies that used ambulatory assessment methods to gather objective data, and focused primarily on autonomic functioning, physical activity, and cognitive processes in ED and control groups.DiscussionTogether the literature demonstrates the promise of using a range of ecologically valid ambulatory assessment approaches in EDs, though there remains limited research that has utilized methods other than self‐report (e.g., wearable sensors), particularly in recent years. Going forward, there are several technology‐enhanced momentary assessment methods that have potential to improve the understanding and treatment of EDs.
Glycated Albumin Measurement Using an Electrochemical Aptasensor for Screening and Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bunyarataphan Sasinee , Dharakul Tararaj , Fucharoen Suthat , Paiboonsukwong Kittiphong , Japrung Deanpen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlycated albumin (GHSA) is a medium‐term glycaemic control marker of diabetes, which can be used as an alternative to or together with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Currently available methods for the measurement of GHSA are limited in clinical practice because they involve slow and cumbersome processes of sample preparation, proteolytic digestion, and thermal incubation, and they suffer from limited analytical performance, and/or a lack of normalization to total albumin (HSA) levels. In this paper, we developed a simple electrochemical biosensor to measure GHSA values based on two DNA aptamers that specifically bind to GHSA and HSA. We used square wave voltammetry (SWV) to measure binding of the target proteins to their specific biotinylated aptamers, which had been immobilised on separate streptavidin (STR)‐modified screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), in the presence of the redox mediator ferricyanide (Fe(CN)63−). This electrochemical aptasensing system had a detection limit of 3 ng/ml for GHSA and 0.2 μg/ml for HSA. The results exhibited high selectivity for GHSA over other molecules present in the blood. The developed sensor was able to measure the amount of GHSA in plasma samples. A statistically significant difference was observed in the elevated plasma GHSA levels in diabetic versus non‐diabetic patients. Moreover, the trends in these GHSA levels were consistent with those obtained using the HbA1c test. The sensing system reported herein could be applied as a point‐of‐care‐testing (POCT) device for measurements of clinically relevant GHSA values.
An experimental and modeling study of heat radiation characteristics of inclined ceiling jet in an airplane cargo compartment
Authors: Tao Zhenxiang , Yang Rui , Zhu Pei , Li Cong , Liu Quanyi , Zhang Hui 
Published: July 2019

SummaryA series of pool fires were carried out in an airplane cargo compartment to investigate the effect of the pressure on the heat radiation flux (HRF) of the inclined ceiling jet fire. During the tests, different static chamber pressures ranging from 50 to 101 kPa were controlled by the air flow in and out; both free fire and inclined ceiling jet fire were conducted with five different heat release rates (HRRs), which were produced by a 17‐cm square porous gas burner using propane as fuel. Vertical flame temperature, thermal plume temperature beneath the inclined ceiling, and HRF to the horizontal floor were measured and analyzed; at the same time, the flame shape was recorded by a video. It was found that the HRF was increased with the HRR, and there was a sudden rise for these fire impinging on the ceiling. The flame radiation fraction had a weak correlation with the environment pressure, while the flame emissivity was increased with the increasing ambient pressure. Besides, on the basis of the assumption that the flame emissivity is equaled in both free flame and the inclined ceiling jet fire, HRF calculated model was established and compared with the experimental results.
Persistent increase in ventral hippocampal long‐term potentiation by juvenile stress: A role for astrocytic glutamine synthetase
Authors: Ivens Sebastian , Çalışkan Gürsel , Papageorgiou Ismini , Cesetti Tiziana , Malich Ansgar , Kann Oliver , Heinemann Uwe , Stork Oliver , Albrecht Anne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA traumatic childhood is among the most important risk factors for developing stress‐related psychopathologies such as posttraumatic stress disorder or depression later in life. However, despite the proven role of astrocytes in regulating transmitter release and synaptic plasticity, the contribution of astrocytic transmitter metabolism to such stress‐induced psychopathologies is currently not understood. In rodents, childhood adversity can be modeled by juvenile stress exposure, resulting in increased anxiety, and impaired coping with stress in adulthood. We describe that such juvenile stress in rats, regardless of additional stress in adulthood, leads to reduced synaptic efficacy in the ventral CA1 (vCA1) Schaffer collaterals, but increased long‐term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission after high‐frequency stimulation. We tested whether the glutamate–glutamine‐cycle guides the lasting changes on plasticity observed after juvenile stress by blocking the astrocytic glutamate‐degrading enzyme, glutamine synthetase (GS). Indeed, the pharmacological inhibition of GS by methionine sulfoximine in slices from naïve rats mimics the effect of juvenile stress on vCA1‐LTP, while supplying glutamine is sufficient to normalize the LTP. Assessing steady‐state mRNA levels in the vCA1 stratum radiatum reveals distinct shifts in the expression of GS, astrocytic glutamate, and glutamine transporters after stress in juvenility, adulthood, or combined juvenile/adult stress. While GS mRNA expression levels are lastingly reduced after juvenile stress, GS protein levels are maintained stable. Together our results suggest a critical role for astrocytes and the glutamate–glutamine cycle in mediating long‐term effects of juvenile stress on plasticity in the vCA1, a region associated with anxiety and emotional memory processing.
Payment models in primary health care: A driver of the quantity and quality of medical laboratory utilization
Authors: Chami Nadine , Sweetman Arthur 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhysician payment models' incentives regarding many aspects of primary health care are not well understood. We focus on the case of medical laboratory utilization and examine how physicians' laboratory test ordering patterns change following a switch to a blended capitation payment model from one with fee for service enhanced with pay for performance. Also, within blended capitation, we examine differences between traditional staffing and interdisciplinary teams. Using a propensity score weighted fixed‐effects specification to address selection, it is estimated that the switch to capitation leads to a short‐run average of 3% fewer laboratory requisitions per patient. Patients' laboratory utilization also becomes more concentrated with the rostering physician. More importantly, using diabetes‐related laboratory tests as a case study, after joining the blended model, physicians order 3% fewer inappropriate/redundant tests, and the addition of an interdisciplinary care team makes the reduction about 9%. Advances in both continuity and quality seem to be associated with blended capitation.
Interactive effects of stress reactivity and rapid eye movement sleep theta activity on emotional memory formation
Authors: Kim Sara Y. , Kark Sarah M. , Daley Ryan T. , Alger Sara E. , Rebouças Daniella , Kensinger Elizabeth A. , Payne Jessica D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSleep and stress independently enhance emotional memory consolidation. In particular, theta oscillations (4–7 Hz) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep increase coherence in an emotional memory network (i.e., hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex) and enhance emotional memory. However, little is known about how stress during learning mightinteractwith subsequent REM theta activity to affect emotional memory. In the current study, we examined whether the relationship between REM theta activity and emotional memory differs as a function of pre‐encoding stress exposure and reactivity. Participants underwent a psychosocial stressor (the Trier Social Stress Task;n= 32) or a comparable control task (n= 32) prior to encoding. Task‐evoked cortisol reactivity was assessed by salivary cortisol rise from pre‐ to post‐stressor, and participants in the stress condition were additionally categorized as high or low cortisol responders via a median split. During incidental encoding, participants studied 150 line drawings of negative, neutral, and positive images, followed by the complete color photo. All participants then slept overnight in the lab with polysomnographic recording. The next day, they were given a surprise recognition memory task. Results showed that memory was better for emotional relative to neutral information. Critically, these findings were observed only in the stress condition. No emotional memory benefit was observed in the control condition. In stressed participants, REM theta power significantly predicted memory for emotional information, specifically for positive items. This relationship was observed only in high cortisol responders. For low responders and controls, there was no relationship between REM theta and memory of any valence. These findings provide evidence that elevated stress at encoding, and accompanying changes in neuromodulators such as cortisol, may interact with theta activity during REM sleep to promote selective consolidation of emotional information.
The next hundred years of growth and convergence
Authors: Startz Richard 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWorld gross domestic product per capita is forecast to grow at 2.6% annually over the next 100 years. Convergence of less‐developed countries toward output levels of the world frontier accounts for much of the forecast. Projecting recent growth in China and India accounts for much of the forecast convergence. The forecast differs from the earlier literature because the facts of convergence have changed in recent decades. A Markov‐switching model is estimated for each country, allowing each country to switch on or off a path of convergence to the world output frontier. Bayesian estimates of the historical process and posterior forecasts are offered.
Automated quantification of superficial retinal capillaries and large vessels for diabetic retinopathy on optical coherence tomographic angiography
Authors: Xu Xiayu , Chen Cheng , Ding Wenxiang , Yang Peiwei , Lu Huiqin , Xu Feng , Lei Jianqin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a relatively new technique with capillary‐level resolution, which has shown great potential for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). A fully automatic algorithm for the quantitative measurement of microcirculatory changes in sight‐threatening DR is presented. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) segmentation was improved with a graph‐theoretic method and the large vessels and capillaries were separately identified and analyzed. The method was evaluated in healthy and diabetic eyes with various stages of retinopathy. Results showed that, compared with the healthy group, the diabetic group showed a significantly larger large vessel density, but a significantly smaller capillary density (P < .001). Circularity of FAZ was significantly smaller while nonperfusion area was significantly larger in the diabetic group. The combined variable of all image metrics reached an area under the ROC of 0.853 (95% CI, 0.784‐0.923) for mild to moderate nonproliferative DR and 0.950 (95% CI, 0.922‐0.979) for proliferative DR. Microvascular and FAZ changes with various DR stages can be accurately delineated using the developed automatic program. Quantitative metrics on OCTA serve as potential biomarkers for the staging of DR.
Rapid relaxation pathway of the excited state of linear merocyanines in solutions
Authors: Wang Shao‐An , Chen Wei‐Hao , Syue Ming‐Lun , Tan Kui‐Thong , Chen I‐Chia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExcited‐state relaxation of linear merocyanine dyes in solution is investigated using time‐resolved spectroscopy techniques and quantum chemical calculations. The merocyanine L‐Mero4 and phenyl‐substituted P‐L‐Mero4 have a S‐trans and S‐cis structure, respectively, consisting of indole moiety as the donor, indandione as the acceptor, and the tetramethine as the bridge. The time‐correlated single‐photon counting (TCSPC) picosecond measurements after excitation at wavelength 515 nm to the ππ* state yield emission curves with a short component τ1 in the range of 27–160 ps and a second component τ2 of 200–780 ps for L‐Mero4. In P‐L‐Mero4, τ1 lies in the range of 18–150 ps and τ2 220–520 ps. The subfemtosecond transient absorption measurements yield a short component around 0.4–1.4 ps, and the second/third components are similar to those in the TCPSC measurements. The analysis of the experimental data demonstrates that the ground state recovery exhibits a biexponential rise and rapidly indicates that the conversion back to the electronic ground state provides a fast, nonradiative pathway. Quantum chemical calculations on the electronic structures and their dependence on the molecular confirmation are performed. We identify the excited states and the relaxation path along the twist of the center double bonds in tetramethine that might be the nonradiative pathway. The C=C double bond is weakened in the ππ* state. The phenyl substitution in the conjugated double bond weakens this C=C bond, lowers the isomerization barrier, increases the nonradiative rate, and reduces the emission quantum yield. In polar solvents, the energy of the perpendicular conformer along the trans–cis isomerization path is increased to achieve less coupling to the ground state surface. Because of the small barrier to the trans form, these two conformers establish an equilibrium condition. The trans form, which lies at a lower energy, gains more population and thus has a higher emission yield.