bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of metacognitive beliefs in an at risk mental state for psychosis: A validation study of the Metacognitions Questionnaire‐30
Authors: Bright Measha , Parker Sophie , French Paul , Morrison Anthony P. , Tully Sarah , Stewart Suzanne L.K. , Wells Adrian 
Published: June 2018

AimThe Metacognitions Questionnaire‐30 (MCQ‐30) has been used to assess metacognitive beliefs in a range of mental health problems. The aim of this study is to assess the validity of the MCQ‐30 in people at risk for psychosis.MethodsOne hundred eighty‐five participants meeting criteria for an at risk mental state completed the MCQ‐30 as part of their involvement in a randomized controlled trial. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to assess factor structure and construct validity.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses confirmed the original five‐factor structure of the MCQ‐30. Examination of principal component analysis and parallel analysis outputs also suggested a five‐factor structure. Correlation analyses including measures of depression, social anxiety, and beliefs about paranoia showed evidence of convergent validity. Discriminant validity was supported using the normalizing subscale of the beliefs about paranoia tool.ConclusionsThe MCQ‐30 demonstrated good fit using the original five‐factor model, acceptable to very good internal consistency of items was evident and clinical usefulness in those at risk for psychosis was demonstrated.
High molecular weight hyaluronic acid: a two‐pronged protectant against infection of the urogenital tract?
Authors: Mowbray Catherine A , Shams Syema , Chung Git , Stanton Anna , Aldridge Phillip , Suchenko Andrejus , Pickard Robert S , Ali Ased SM , Hall Judith 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesRecurrent urinary tract infections are associated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) ascending and infecting the urinary tract. Antibiotics provide only symptomatic relief, not prevent recurrence. Clinical evidence suggests that intravesical glycosaminoglycan therapy, such as hyaluronic acid (HA), helps reduce UTI recurrence. This has been investigated here using in vitro systems modelling the urogenital tract tissues.MethodsRT4 bladder cells were preconditioned with high molecular weight HA (> 1500 kDa) at 2 mg mL−1 and challenged with UPEC to analyse barrier protection and bacterial adherence. Untreated and HA‐preconditioned VK2 E6/E7 vaginal cells were challenged with E. coli flagellin (50 ng mL−1) to mimic bacterial challenge, and media analysed for lipocalin‐2, human β‐defensin 2 and interleukin‐8 by ELISA. Experiments were repeated after siRNA knockdown of Toll‐like receptors 2, 4 and 5, and CD44 to investigate signalling.ResultsMicroscopic analyses showed reduced bacterial adherence and urothelial disruption with HA, suggesting that HA functions as a barrier protecting the epithelium from bacterial infection. Cells treated with HA and flagellin simultaneously produced more of the host antimicrobial peptide LCN2 and pro‐inflammatory IL‐8 (P < 0.05) compared to the no HA/flagellin challenges. Increased gene expression of DEFB4 (P < 0.05), but not the hBD2 peptide, was observed in the HA/flagellin‐challenged cells.ConclusionThese data suggest that exogenous HA has potential to protect the urogenital epithelia from UPEC infection via a two‐pronged approach that involves the physical enhancement of the epithelial barrier and augmentation of its innate immune response.
The immunoproteasome inhibitor ONX‐0914 regulates inflammation and expression of contraction associated proteins in myometrium
Authors: Liong Stella , Lim Ratana , Nguyen‐Ngo Caitlyn , Barker Gillian , Parkington Helena C. , Lappas Martha 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere are currently no effective treatments to prevent spontaneous preterm labor. The precise upstream biochemical pathways that regulate the transition between uterine quiescence during pregnancy and contractility during labor remain unclear. It is well known however that intrauterine inflammation, including infection, is commonly associated with preterm labor. In this study, we identified the immunoproteasome subunit low‐molecular‐mass protein (LMP)7 mRNA expression to be significantly upregulated in laboring human myometrium. Silencing LMP7 using siRNA‐targeted knockdown of LMP7 and its inhibitor ONX‐0914 in human myometrial cells and tissues decreased proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐6), cell chemotaxis (CXCL8, CCL2 expression, and THP‐1 migration), cell to cell adhesion (ICAM1 expression and myometrial adhesion), contraction‐associated proteins (PTGS2, FP, PGE2, and PGF2α), as well as suppressing contractions in myometrial cells and in myometrial tissues obtained from laboring women. In addition, LMP7 silencing reduced NF‐κB RelA activity. ONX‐0914 alleviated inflammation (CCL3, CXCL1, PTGS2, and IL‐6) in myometrium, placenta, fetal brain, amniotic fluid, and maternal serum induced by LPS in pregnant mice. Collectively, our data suggest a novel role for ONX‐014 to suppress uterine activation and contractility associated with preterm labor.
Drivers of international variation in prevalence of disabling low back pain: Findings from the Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability study
Authors: Coggon D. , Ntani G. , Palmer K.T. , Felli V.E. , Harari F. , Quintana L.A. , Felknor S.A. , Rojas M. , Cattrell A. , Vargas‐Prada S. , Bonzini M. , Solidaki E. , Merisalu E. , Habib R.R. , Sadeghian F. , Kadir M.M. , Warnakulasuriya S.S.P. , Matsudaira K. , Nyantumbu‐Mkhize B. , Kelsall H.L. , Harcombe H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundWide international variation in the prevalence of disabling low back pain (LBP) among working populations is not explained by known risk factors. It would be useful to know whether the drivers of this variation are specific to the spine or factors that predispose to musculoskeletal pain more generally.MethodsBaseline information about musculoskeletal pain and risk factors was elicited from 11 710 participants aged 20–59 years, who were sampled from 45 occupational groups in 18 countries. Wider propensity to pain was characterized by the number of anatomical sites outside the low back that had been painful in the 12 months before baseline (‘pain propensity index’). After a mean interval of 14 months, 9055 participants (77.3%) provided follow‐up data on disabling LBP in the past month. Baseline risk factors for disabling LBP at follow‐up were assessed by random intercept Poisson regression.ResultsAfter allowance for other known and suspected risk factors, pain propensity showed the strongest association with disabling LBP (prevalence rate ratios up to 2.6, 95% CI: 2.2–3.1; population attributable fraction 39.8%). Across the 45 occupational groups, the prevalence of disabling LBP varied sevenfold (much more than within‐country differences between nurses and office workers), and correlated with mean pain propensity index (r = 0.58).ConclusionsWithin our study, major international variation in the prevalence of disabling LBP appeared to be driven largely by factors predisposing to musculoskeletal pain at multiple anatomical sites rather than by risk factors specific to the spine.SignificanceOur findings indicate that differences in general propensity to musculoskeletal pain are a major driver of large international variation in the prevalence of disabling low back pain among people of working age.
Discussion of “A new inherent damping model for inelastic time‐history analyses” by Enrique Luco and Armando Lanzi
Authors: Hall John F. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis discussion examines several aspects of the proposed elastic velocity damping formulation that pertain to the suitability of the method for use in inelastic time history analysis. These aspects include the absence of damping actions as a structure moves through a collapse mechanism, lack of physical justification, and potential computational issues.
Evaluation of an approach–avoidance training intervention for children and adolescents with obesity: A randomized placebo‐controlled prospective trial
Authors: Warschburger Petra , Gmeiner Michaela , Morawietz Marisa , Rinck Mike 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis study evaluated the efficacy of approach–avoidance training as an additional treatment for children and adolescents with obesity seeking inpatient treatment. Two hundred thirty‐two participants (8–16 years, 53.9% girls) were randomly assigned either to multisession approach–avoidance (IG) or to placebo training (CG). As outcomes, cognitive biases post intervention, body mass index, eating behaviour, food intake, self‐regulation, and weight‐related quality of life were assessed, also at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. Modification of approach–avoidance bias was observed, but lacked in transfer over sessions and in generalization to attention and association bias. After 6 months, the IG reported less “problematic” food consumption, higher self‐regulation, and higher quality of life; effects did not persist until the 12‐month follow‐up; no significant interaction effects were observed regarding weight course. Despite there was no direct effect on weight course, approach–avoidance training seems to be associated with promising effects on important pillars for weight loss. Further research concerning clinical effectiveness is warranted.
Exploring a motivation of medical staff
Authors: Goncharuk Anatoliy G. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis paper aims to identify the true motivators (needs) of medical staff, compare them with the current labor incentives, and detect possible differences in motivators for main groups of medical staff. Observing personnel of 5 hospitals and students of the medical institute by special questionnaires, the author confirmed the hypothesis of different motivators for groups of medical staff with different ages, professions, and gender. The author used special questionnaires to collect the data. Study results confirmed the hypothesis of different motivators for groups of medical staff with different ages, professions, and gender. The author also found significant differences between the motivation of Ukrainian health workers and their colleagues from other countries. The main conclusion is that no matter how we would like to satisfy gender and age equality, all people are individual and what is good for an elderly male doctor cannot be acceptable for a young female nurse. Therefore, forming the motivation system for employees of medical institutions, it is necessary to take into account the age, gender, professions, and other characteristics of each employee. In this way, we can achieve the highest health‐care performance.
How the baby boomers' retirement wave distorts model‐based output gap estimates
Authors: Wolters Maik H. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis paper illustrates, based on an example, the importance of consistency between empirical measurement and the concept of variables in estimated macroeconomic models. Since standard New Keynesian models do not account for demographic trends and sectoral shifts, I propose adjusting hours worked per capita used to estimate such models accordingly to enhance the consistency between the data and the model. Without this adjustment, low‐frequency shifts in hours lead to unreasonable trends in the output gap, caused by the close link between hours and the output gap in such models. The retirement wave of baby boomers, for example, lowers US aggregate hours per capita, which leads to erroneous permanently negative output gap estimates following the Great Recession. After correcting hours for changes in the age composition, the estimated output gap closes gradually instead following the years after the Great Recession.
Probing the dynamics of dithiooxamide coordinated to gold nanoparticles using SERS
Authors: Grasseschi Daniel , Zamarion Vitor M. , Toma Henrique E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe substitution kinetics and specific binding modes of the dithiooxamide (dto) ligand at the metal surface have been investigated and interpreted on the light of theoretical and experimental Raman studies. By monitoring the vibrational properties of this ligand, it was shown that gold nanoparticles employed as surface‐enhanced effects (SERS) probes are strongly dependent on the coordination chemistry of the ligands at the metal interface. The binding of dto to the gold nanoparticles led to linkage isomers, and at low concentrations, the bidentate form, corresponding to bis‐thione‐Au bond in cis configuration {Au‐S(NH2)CC(NH2)S‐Au}, was the predominating species. Even at high concentrations, the cis‐configuration was observed first; but as the ligand competition dynamics proceeded, the binding mode gradually changed into a monodentate thione‐Au mode {AuS(NH2)CCS(NH2)}. In this mode, the dto ligand adopts a thermodynamically favorable trans‐conformation geometry, producing dramatic changes in the SERS spectra. Such dynamic behavior of the ligand at the metal plasmonic surface is of crucial importance, as one of the possible factors associated with lack of reproducibility of the SERS spectra frequently reported in the literature.
Manganese soil and foliar fertilization of olive plantlets: the effect on leaf mineral and phenolic content and root mycorrhizal colonization
Authors: Pasković Igor , Herak Ćustić Mirjana , Pecina Marija , Bronić Josip , Ban Dean , Radić Tomislav , Pošćić Filip , Jukić Špika Maja , Soldo Barbara , Palčić Igor , Goreta Ban Smiljana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to examine the effect of foliar (Mn_fol) and soil Zeolite‐Mn (Mn_ZA) application on leaf mineral, total phenolic and oleuropein content, and mycorrhizae colonization of self‐rooted cv. Leccino plantlets grown on calcareous soil.RESULTSThe dissolution of zeolite was 97% when citric acid was applied at 0.05 mM dm−3, suggesting that organic acids excreted by roots can dissolve modified zeolite (Mn_ZA), making Mn available for plant uptake. The leaf Mn concentration was the highest for Mn_fol treatment at 90 days after transplanting (DAT) (172 mg kg−1) and 150 DAT (70 mg kg−1) compared to other treatments. Mn_ZA soil application increased leaf Mn concentration at 150 DAT compared to control and NPK treatments. The oleuropein leaf content was highest for Mn_fol compared to other treatments at 90 DAT and lowest at 150 DAT. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization was higher for Mn_fol treatment at 150 DAT compared to all other treatments.CONCLUSIONChanges in the arbuscular colonization percentage and oleuropein content may be connected to stress conditions provoked by a high leaf Mn concentration in the Mn_fol treatment at 90 DAT. Mn_ZA application increased leaf Mn concentration at 150 DAT compared to control and NPK treatments. It can be assumed that the dominant mechanism in Mn uptake from modified zeolite is Mn_ZA dissolution through root exudates. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Multiple linear regression models to predict the formation efficiency of triplet excited states of dissolved organic matter in temperate wetlands
Authors: McCabe Andrew J. , Arnold William A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe source and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) dictates light absorption in surface waters. Sunlight absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) forms reactive intermediates and drives global organic carbon processing. Triplet excited states of CDOM (3CDOM*) are primary reactive intermediates formed by sunlight absorption by CDOM. 3CDOM* also produce secondary reactive intermediates, including radicals and reactive oxygen species, which are active in biogeochemical pathways. The efficiency of 3CDOM* formation (apparent quantum yield, AQYT) depends on DOM composition, especially DOM molecular weight. This dependence may arise from the greater probability of forming intra‐molecular charge‐transfer (CT) complexes in high‐molecular weight DOM that inhibit 3CDOM* formation. There are few examples that demonstrate this in field samples. In this report, vegetation, general hydrology, and watershed characteristics for 39 temperate wetlands, which are critical sources of high‐molecular weight DOM, from the United States were defined and related to DOM composition and AQYT. The DOM bulk composition was assessed using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopies. AQYT was estimated under simulated sunlight using the probe 2,4,6‐trimethylphenol. Relatively high AQYT values (7%) were observed in wetlands with long hydroperiods and > 50% cropland watershed land cover compared to wetlands with >50% forest watershed land cover (< 1–4%). Low molecular weight DOM (E2/E3 > 7 and SUVA254 < 3 L mg‐C−1m−1) and autochthonous DOM (β/α > 0.7) had relatively high AQYT estimates (∼ 10%), indicating that allocthonous, high‐molecular weight compounds produce 3CDOM* less efficiently than autochthonous DOM. The CT theory of DOM light absorption and internal light‐screening offer mechanistic explanations for these trends.
Coherent Perfect Absorption via Photonic Doping of Zero‐Index Media
Authors: Luo Jie , Liu Bingbing , Hang Zhi Hong , Lai Yun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCoherent perfect absorption, as time‐reversed lasing, is achieved via appropriate interference of waves in absorbers and provides attractive opportunities for flexible control of light scattering and absorption. Here, the authors theoretically and experimentally demonstrate the realization of coherent perfect absorption by using photonic doping of zero‐index media with absorptive defects. Interestingly, the coherent perfect absorption is independent of the size and shape of this “doped” zero‐index medium absorber, as well as the position of the doping defects. This exceptional absorption property can be well explained via the photonic doping theory for zero‐index media. Moreover, the authors demonstrate that the doping scheme also enables novel ways to control absorption, such as multiple channels and multiple doping defects, etc. This work proposes a unique doping approach for advanced coherent perfect absorption with versatile control functionalities.
Graphene Oxide Hybrid Supramolecular Hydrogels with Self‐Healable, Bioadhesive and Stimuli‐Responsive Properties and Drug Delivery Application
Authors: Chen Yunhua , Cheng Wenhua , Teng Lijing , Jin Min , Lu Bingheng , Ren Li , Wang Yingjun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelf‐healable hydrogels are promising soft materials with great potential in biomedical applications due to their autonomous self‐repairing capability. Although many attempts are made to develop new hydrogels with good self‐healing performance, to integrate this characteristic along with other responsive multifunctions into one hydrogel still remains difficult. Here, a self‐healable hybrid supramolecular hydrogel (HSH) with tunable bioadhesive and stimuli‐responsive properties is reported. The strategy is imparting graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and quadruple hydrogen bonding ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy) moieties into a thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymer matrix. The obtained GO–HSH hydrogel shows rapid self‐healing behavior and good adhesion to various surfaces from synthetic materials to biological tissue. In addition, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) release profiles reveal the dual thermo‐ and pH‐responsiveness of the GO–HSH hydrogel. The DOX‐loaded hydrogel can further directly adhere to titanium substrate, and the released DOX from this thin hydrogel coating remains biologically active and has high capability to kill tumor cells.
Drug‐Associated Acute Kidney Injury Identified in the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Database
Authors: Welch Hanna K. , Kellum John A. , Kane‐Gill Sandra L. 
Published: June 2018

Study ObjectiveAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition associated with both short‐term and long‐term consequences including dialysis, chronic kidney disease, and mortality. Although the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database is a powerful tool to examine drug‐associated events, to our knowledge, no study has analyzed this database to identify the most common drugs reported with AKI. The objective of this study was to analyze AKI reports and associated medications in the FAERS database.DesignRetrospective pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis.Data SourceFood and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database.Measurements and Main ResultsWe queried the FAERS database for reports of AKI from 2004 quarter 1 through 2015 quarter 3. Extracted drugs were assessed using published references and categorized as known, possible, or new potential nephrotoxins. The reporting odds ratio (ROR), a measure of reporting disproportionality, was calculated for the 20 most frequently reported drugs in each category. We retrieved 7,241,385 adverse event reports, of which 193,996 (2.7%) included a report of AKI. Of the AKI reports, 16.5% were known nephrotoxins, 18.6% were possible nephrotoxins, and 64.8% were new potential nephrotoxins. Among the most commonly reported drugs, those with the highest AKI ROR were aprotinin (7614 reports; ROR 115.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 110.63–121.01), sodium phosphate (1687 reports; ROR 55.81, 95% CI 51.78–60.17), furosemide (1743 reports; ROR 12.61, 95% CI 11.94–13.32), vancomycin (1270 reports, ROR 12.19, 95% CI 11.45–12.99), and metformin (4701 reports; ROR 10.65, 95% CI 10.31–11.00). The combined RORs for the 20 most frequently reported drugs with each nephrotoxin classification were 3.71 (95% CI 3.66–3.76) for known nephrotoxins, 2.09 (95% CI 2.06–2.12) for possible nephrotoxins, and 1.55 (95% CI 1.53–1.57) for new potential nephrotoxins.ConclusionAcute kidney injury was a common reason for adverse event reporting in the FAERS. Most AKI reports were generated for medications not recognized as nephrotoxic according to our classification system. This report provides data on medications needing further research to determine the risk of AKI with these new potential nephrotoxins.
An Efficient Co/C Microwave Absorber with Tunable Co Nanoparticles Derived from a ZnCo Bimetallic Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework
Authors: Huang Lina , Liu Xiaofang , Yu Ronghai 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA facile strategy is developed to modulate the content, particle size, and dispersity of magnetic metal nanoparticles (NPs) in porous carbon composite derived from Co/Zn bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF). By adjusting the Co/Zn mole ratio in ZIF structure, porous carbon embedded with controllable Co NPs is synthesized through pyrolysis of CoZn‐based ZIF during which Zn is selectively evaporated away at 900 °C. The Co/C composite derived from ZIF with Co/Zn ratio of 1/1 (Co50/C composite) displays well‐dispersed Co NPs uniformly embedded in porous carbon. Meanwhile, the impedance matching of the composite is significantly improved due to the appropriate amount of Co NPs. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between Co NPs with magnetic loss and carbon with dielectric loss, the Co50/C composite exhibits excellent microwave absorbing properties with strong absorption, thin thickness, and lightweight, which is superior to previous metal–organic framework‐derived absorbers. When the filler loading of Co50/C composite in paraffin matrix is only 20 wt%, a minimum reflection loss of −51.6 dB is achieved at a very thin layer thickness of 1.6 mm.