bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A search for tiny dragons (Dracunculus medinensis third-stage larvae) in aquatic animals in Chad, Africa
Authors: Cleveland Christopher A. , Eberhard Mark L. , Thompson Alec T. , Garrett Kayla B. , Swanepoel Liandrie , Zirimwabagabo Hubert , Moundai Tchonfienet , Ouakou Philippe T. , Ruiz-Tiben Ernesto , Yabsley Michael J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDracunculus medinensis, or human Guinea worm (GW), causes a painful and debilitating infection. The global Guinea Worm Eradication Program (GWEP) has successfully reduced human GW cases from 3.5 million in 21 countries in 1986 to only 30 cases in three remaining countries in 2017. Since 2012, an increase in GW infections in domestic dogs, cats and baboons has been reported. Because these infections have not followed classical GW epidemiological patterns resulting from water-borne transmission, it has been hypothesized that transmission occurs via a paratenic host. Thus, we investigated the potential of aquatic animals to serve as paratenic hosts forD.medinensisin Chad, Africa. During three rainy and two dry season trips we detected no GW larvae in 234 fish, two reptiles and two turtles; however, seven GW larvae were recovered from 4 (1.4%) of 276 adult frogs. These data suggest GW infections may occur from ingestion of frogs but the importance of this route is unknown. Additional studies are needed, especially for other possible routes (e.g., ingestion of fish intestines that were recently shown to be a risk). Significantly, 150 years after the life cycle ofD.medinensiswas described, our data highlights important gaps in the knowledge of GW ecology.
KRAS-mutant colon cancer cells respond to combined treatment of ABT263 and axitinib
Authors: Wang Guihua , Huang Ying , Wu Zhipeng , Zhao Chunmei , Cong Hui , Ju Shaoqing , Wang Xudong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Significant challenges to develop selective and effective pharmacological inhibitors for important oncoproteins like RAS continue impeding the success to treat cancers driven by such mutations. In the present study, the ABT263 and axitinib combination imposed synergistic effects on RAS-mutant colon cancer cells. The combination inhibited in vitro and in vivo growth of the cancer cells by enhancing apoptosis. Furthermore, AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways were slightly down-regulated by the combination in KRAS-mutant colon cancer cells. The current results indicate that oncogene addiction can be targeted for therapy in colon cancer cells harboring the RAS-mutant. Therefore, targeting oncogene addiction can be a viable strategy for treating refractory cancers driven by important oncogenes, such as KRAS, which are otherwise difficult to be targeted by small molecules.
Meteoroid-stream complex originating from comet 2P/Encke
Authors: Tomko D. , Neslušan L. 
Published: January 2019

Aims. We present a study of the meteor complex of the short-period comet 2P/Encke.
Methods. For five perihelion passages of the parent comet in the past, we modeled the associated theoretical stream. Specifically, each of our models corresponds to a part of the stream characterized with a single value of the evolutionary time and a single value of the strength of the Poynting–Robertson effect. In each model, we follow the dynamical evolution of 10 000 test particles via a numerical integration. The integration was performed from the time when the set of test particles was assumed to be ejected from the comet’s nucleus up to the present. At the end of the integration, we analyzed the mean orbital characteristics of those particles that approached the Earth’s orbit, and thus created a meteor shower or showers. Using the mean characteristics of the predicted shower, we attempted to select its real counterpart from each of five considered databases (one photographic, three video, and one radio-meteor). If at least one attempt was successful, the quality of the prediction was evaluated.
Results. The modeled stream of 2P approaches the Earth’s orbit in several filaments with the radiant areas grouped in four cardinal directions of ecliptical showers. These groups of radiant areas are situated symmetrically with respect to the apex of the Earth’s motion around the Sun. Specifically, we found that showers #2, #17, #156, #172, #173, #215, #485, #624, #626, #628, #629, #632, #634, #635, #636, and #726 in the IAU-MDC list of all showers are dynamically related to 2P. In addition, we found five new 2P-related showers in the meteor databases considered.
Numerical simulations of ICME–ICME interactions
Authors: Niembro Tatiana , Lara Alejandro , González Ricardo Francisco , Cantó Jorge 
Published: January 2019

We present hydrodynamical simulations of the interaction of Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) in the Interplanetary Medium (IPM). In these events, two consecutive CMEs are launched from the Sun in similar directions within an interval of time of a few hours. In our numerical model, we assume that the ambient solar wind is characterized by its velocity and mass-loss rate. Then, the CMEs are generated when the flow velocity and mass-loss rate suddenly change, with respect to the ambient solar wind conditions during two intervals of time, which correspond to the duration of each CME. After their interaction, a merged region is formed and evolve as a single structure into the IPM. In this work, we are interested in the general morphology of this merged region, which depends on the initial parameters of the ambient solar wind and the CMEs involved. In order to understand this morphology, we have performed a parametric study in which we characterize the effects of the initial parameters variations on the density and velocity profiles at 1 AU, using as reference the well-documented event of July 25th, 2004. Based on this parametrization we were able to reproduce the main features of the observed profiles ensuring the travel time and the speed and density magnitudes. Then, we apply the parametrization results to the interaction events of May 23, 2010; August 1, 2010; and November 9, 2012. With this approach and varying the values of the input parameters within the CME observational errors, our simulated profiles reproduce the main features observed at 1 AU. Even though we do not take into account the magnetic field, our models give a physical insight into the propagation and interaction of ICMEs.
Differenzialdiagnose der Erythrozytose – Ursachen und klinische Bedeutung
Authors: Wille Kai , Sadjadian Parvis , Griesshammer Martin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDue to its rare incidence, erythrocytosis frequently represents a challenge for the treating doctors. The erythropoiesis (= production of erythrocytes) is located in the bone marrow, and the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) takes control in its regulation. Therefore, measurement of EPO in serum is one of the main diagnostic steps. In erythrocytosis, congenital causes have to be distinguished from acquired ones. Furthermore, there are primary and secondary forms. Congenital causes of erythrocytoses occur very infrequently, are mainly diagnosed in young age and should be treated in specialized centers. Polycythemia vera (PV), a clonal disorder and one of the main myeloproliferative neoplasms (beside essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis), represents the most frequent primary acquired cause of erythrocytosis. Clinically, increased thrombophilia and microvascular disturbance occur. The first-line treatment in patients with PV includes administration of aspirin and phlebotomies. Secondary acquired forms of erythrocytosis mainly occur due to hypoxia triggered by nicotine abuse or chronic heart and lung diseases. Regarding other differential diagnoses, a cancer-associated EPO production, kidney diseases or exogenous supply with EPO (= EPO doping) have to be considered.
Kommunikation zwischen Samuel Hahnemann und seinen Patienten
Authors: Dinges Martin , Holzapfel Klaus 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungHahnemanns Kommunikation mit Patienten war von seinen Erwartungen an die Kooperations- und später zunehmend an die Folgebereitschaft der Patienten geprägt. So vermittelten die Praxisräumlichkeiten in Leipzig noch eher professionelle Sachlichkeit im Familienbetrieb, während sie in Paris die hervorgehobene Position des renommierten Behandlers in der Arzt-Patient-Beziehung unterstrichen. Die Kranken sollten genau über ihre Symptome, Vorbehandlung und die Nutzung von Hausmitteln berichten, auf die gleichzeitige Behandlung durch Dritte verzichten und die Vorschriften zur Medikamenteneinnahme und Diätetik genau beachten, ohne über die verschriebene Arznei informiert zu sein. Die Patienten erwarteten genaue Beachtung ihrer (schriftlichen) mitgeteilten Beschwerden, Deutung ihrer Symptome, eine gewisse Zuwendung, Linderung und ggf. Heilung. Zu den medizinischen Aspekten gehören Hahnemanns Anweisungen zur Diät und Lebensführung und sehr akribische Angaben zur Mitteleinnahme. Miasmatische Gesichtspunkte spielen ab ca. 1816 eine Rolle, sie werden zu anamnestischen Zwecken als Fragen an die Patienten formuliert. Diagnosen teilt Hahnemann nicht mit, allerdings betont er oft in suggestiver Weise die Dignität einer Erkrankung.
Inanspruchnahme einer Anschlussrehabilitation nach
orthopädischer Operation – Beeinflusst die Fallschwere das
Rehabilitationssetting (ambulant vs. stationär)?
Authors: Jankowiak Silke , Dannenmaier Julia , Ritter Sabrina , Kaluscha Rainer , Krischak Gert 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Ziel der Untersuchung war es, Prädiktoren für
das Rehabilitationssetting (ambulant vs. stationär) nach
Akutaufenthalt zu bestimmen, um Hinweise auf die Bedeutung der Fallschwere
beim Zugang zu einer bestimmten Rehabilitationsform zu erhalten.
Methode Für die Auswertungen wurden Patienten2 ausgewählt, bei denen zwischen 2005
und 2010 eine Totalendoprothese (TEP) an Hüfte oder Kniegelenk
implantiert oder eine Bandscheibenoperation vorgenommen wurde. Anhand
anonymisierter Routinedaten der AOK Baden-Württemberg sowie der
Deutschen Rentenversicherungen Bund und Baden-Württemberg wurde
mittels logistischer Regression die Wahrscheinlichkeit modelliert, eine
stationäre Anschlussrehabilitation (AR) durchzuführen.
Ergebnisse Über alle 3 Operationsgruppen hinweg
führten Patienten, die unmittelbar nach dem Akutaufenthalt zur AR
kamen, eher eine stationäre Maßnahme durch, als Patienten,
die nach einer häuslichen Übergangszeit zur Rehabilitation
kamen. Mit zunehmendem Alter sowie bei Komorbiditäten wurde
häufiger eine stationäre AR in Anspruch genommen. Die
Wahrscheinlichkeit einer stationären Durchführung nahm im
Zeitraum zwischen 2005 und 2009 ab.
Schlussfolgerung Neben der Fallschwere scheinen Kontextfaktoren
für das Setting der AR eine Rolle zu spielen. Bei der
bedarfsorientierten Zugangssteuerung zu einer bestimmten Rehabilitationsform
sind individuelle Rahmenbedingungen, wie bspw. die Versorgung durch das
familiäre Umfeld bzw. die Erreichbarkeit therapeutischer,
pflegerischer und medizinischer Angebote, und medizinische Parameter,
d. h. die Erkrankungsschwere, gegeneinander abzuwägen.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Alkenyl sp2 C–H Activation: A Short Account
Authors: Maraswami Manikantha , Loh Teck-Peng 
Published: January 2019

Alkenes are ubiquitous in Nature and their functionalization continues to attract attention from the scientific community. On the other hand, activation of alkenyl sp2 C–H bonds is challenging due to their chemical properties. In this short account, we elucidate, discuss and describe the utilization of transition-metal catalysts in alkene activation and provide useful strategies to synthesize organic building blocks in an efficient and sustainable manner.1	Introduction2	Breakthrough3	Controlling E/Z, Z/E Selectivity3.1	Esters and Amides as Directing Groups3.2	The Chelation versus Non-Chelation Concept4	Other Alkene Derivatives5	Intramolecular C–H Activation6	Conclusion and Future Projects
Influence of Offset on Hemodynamics of Intra-atrial Conduit Fontan's Procedure and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Hu Jie , Wang Qian , Tong Zhirong , Shen Juanya , Liu Jinlong , Sun Yanjun , Zhang Haibo 
Published: January 2019

Background The desirable distance, defined as offset, between the central line of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the intra-atrial conduit after an intra-atrial conduit (IAC) Fontan's procedure remained unclear. We compared the hemodynamic features using virtual surgery with different offset designs in our study.
Methods Three-dimensional models of IAC Fontan's procedure were reconstructed according to the magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) of three patients, then four models for each patient with different offsets equaling 100, 67, 33, and 0% of the diameter of the IVC were reconstructed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were performed in each model to predict the best hemodynamic features, including streamlines of blood flow, wall shear stress (WSS), energy loss (EL), and the hepatic flow distribution (HFD) ratio.
Results Comprehensive evaluation of WSS, EL, and HFD revealed than an offset of 33% presents the best hemodynamic performance among the three patients modeled. In patient A, an offset of 33% resulted in the best HFD (left pulmonary artery/right pulmonary artery [LPA/RPA] = 35/65%). In patient B, the best trade-off between HFD (35/65%), and WSS was achieved with an offset of 33%. In patient C, EL peaked at an offset of 0% and significantly dropped at an offset of 33% with a desirable HFD (60/40%).
Conclusions We verified that the offset distance influences hemodynamic performance in IAC Fontan's procedure. Considering several hemodynamic parameters, the best trade-offs between hemorheology, pulmonary perfusion, and energy efficiency were achieved at an offset of 33%. This distance should be taken into consideration and optimized during the surgical planning for the IAC Fontan's procedure.
Infektiöse Endokarditis
Authors: Knebel Fabian , Frumkin David , Flachskampf Frank 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInfective endocarditis is a severe, mostly bacterial disease characterized by high mortality and morbidity. Both diagnosis and therapy are difficult, and mortality rates have not improved over decades. We review diagnostic and management problems, the disease's modern face in the era of widespread cardiac implants and valve interventions, and current diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.
Microbe-focused glycan array screening platform
Authors: Geissner Andreas , Reinhardt Anika , Rademacher Christoph , Johannssen Timo , Monteiro João , Lepenies Bernd , Thépaut Michel , Fieschi Franck , Mrázková Jana , Wimmerova Michaela , Schuhmacher Frank , Götze Sebastian , Grünstein Dan , Guo Xiaoqiang , Hahm Heung Sik , Kandasamy Jeyakumar , Leonori Daniele , Martin Christopher E. , Parameswarappa Sharavathi G. , Pasari Sandip , Schlegel Mark K. , Tanaka Hidenori , Xiao Guozhi , Yang You , Pereira Claney L. , Anish Chakkumkal , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
The interplay between glycan binding proteins and their carbohydrate ligands is fundamental to all aspects of life. Printed glycan arrays have helped to elucidate the role of glycans in many biological processes with monosaccharide resolution, particularly those of mammalian origin, over the past 15 y. Current microbial glycan arrays contain specialized small synthetic collections or isolated carbohydrates but better coverage is needed as microbes are enveloped in complex layers of carbohydrates. The chemically diverse microbial glycans play crucial roles in immunity and infectious diseases. We present an extensive synthetic glycan collection focused on microbial glycans as a tool to investigate microbial glycobiology.
Capture of an external anion beam into a linear Paul trap
Authors: Cerchiari G , Erlewein S , Yzombard P , Zimmermann M , Kellerbauer A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We describe a linear Paul trap and high-voltage platform specifically designed for the trapping of a large and pure sample of anions from an external keV-energy beam. Capture and confinement in a static configuration of DC potentials was found to occur by transfer of axial to radial ion momentum due to elastic and inelastic collisions. Stability diagrams both in transmission and capture mode were recorded. The trapping efficiency was observed to be very sensitive to the axial potentials relative to the beam energy. Several 104 oxygen anions were loaded from a 2 keV primary beam and confined for several 100 s. Identification of trapped O− ions and contaminants was achieved by selective laser photodetachment.
Regular extensions and algebraic relations between values of Mahler functions in positive characteristic
Authors: Fernandes Gwladys 
Published: January 2019

Let

K

\mathbb {K}

be a function field of characteristic

p
>
0

p>0

. We have recently established the analogue of a theorem of Ku. Nishioka for linear Mahler systems defined over

K

(
z
)

\mathbb {K}(z)

. This paper is dedicated to proving the following refinement of this theorem. Let

f

1

(
z
)
,
…
,

f

n

(
z
)

f_{1}(z),\ldots , f_{n}(z)

be

d
d

-Mahler functions such that

K

¯

(
z
)

(

f

1

(
z
)
,
…
,

f

n

(
z
)
)

\overline {\mathbb {K}}(z)\left (f_{1}(z),\ldots , f_{n}(z)\right )

is a regular extension over

K

¯

(
z
)

\overline {\mathbb {K}}(z)

. Then, every homogeneous algebraic relation over

K

¯

\overline {\mathbb {K}}

between their values at a regular algebraic point arises as the specialization of a homogeneous algebraic relation over

K

¯

(
z
)

\overline {\mathbb {K}}(z)

between these functions themselves. If

K

\mathbb {K}

is replaced by a number field, this result is due to B. Adamczewski and C. Faverjon as a consequence of a theorem of P. Philippon. The main difference is that in characteristic zero, every

d
d

-Mahler extension is regular, whereas in characteristic

p
p

, non-regular

d
d

-Mahler extensions do exist. Furthermore, we prove that the regularity of the field extension

K

¯

(
z
)

(

f

1

(
z
)
,
…
,

f

n

(
z
)
)

\overline {\mathbb {K}}(z)\left (f_{1}(z),\ldots , f_{n}(z)\right )

is also necessary for our refinement to hold. Besides, we show that when

p
∤
d

p\nmid d

,

d
d

-Mahler extensions over

K

¯

(
z
)

\overline {\mathbb {K}}(z)

are always regular. Finally, we describe some consequences of our main result concerning the transcendence of values of

d
d

-Mahler functions at algebraic points.
Sensitivity and specificity of information criteria
Authors: Dziak John J , Coffman Donna L , Lanza Stephanie T , Li Runze , Jermiin Lars S 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInformation criteria (ICs) based on penalized likelihood, such as Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and sample-size-adjusted versions of them, are widely used for model selection in health and biological research. However, different criteria sometimes support different models, leading to discussions about which is the most trustworthy. Some researchers and fields of study habitually use one or the other, often without a clearly stated justification. They may not realize that the criteria may disagree. Others try to compare models using multiple criteria but encounter ambiguity when different criteria lead to substantively different answers, leading to questions about which criterion is best. In this paper we present an alternative perspective on these criteria that can help in interpreting their practical implications. Specifically, in some cases the comparison of two models using ICs can be viewed as equivalent to a likelihood ratio test, with the different criteria representing different alpha levels and BIC being a more conservative test than AIC. This perspective may lead to insights about how to interpret the ICs in more complex situations. For example, AIC or BIC could be preferable, depending on the relative importance one assigns to sensitivity versus specificity. Understanding the differences and similarities among the ICs can make it easier to compare their results and to use them to make informed decisions.
Network-based methods for predicting essential genes or proteins: a survey
Authors: Li Xingyi , Li Wenkai , Zeng Min , Zheng Ruiqing , Li Min 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Genes that are thought to be critical for the survival of organisms or cells are called essential genes. The prediction of essential genes and their products (essential proteins) is of great value in exploring the mechanism of complex diseases, the study of the minimal required genome for living cells and the development of new drug targets. As laboratory methods are often complicated, costly and time-consuming, a great many of computational methods have been proposed to identify essential genes/proteins from the perspective of the network level with the in-depth understanding of network biology and the rapid development of biotechnologies. Through analyzing the topological characteristics of essential genes/proteins in protein–protein interaction networks (PINs), integrating biological information and considering the dynamic features of PINs, network-based methods have been proved to be effective in the identification of essential genes/proteins. In this paper, we survey the advanced methods for network-based prediction of essential genes/proteins and present the challenges and directions for future research.
Comparison of statistical algorithms for daily syndromic surveillance aberration detection
Authors: Noufaily Angela , Morbey Roger A , Colón-González Felipe J , Elliot Alex J , Smith Gillian E , Lake Iain R , McCarthy Noel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Public health authorities can provide more effective and timely interventions to protect populations during health events if they have effective multi-purpose surveillance systems. These systems rely on aberration detection algorithms to identify potential threats within large datasets. Ensuring the algorithms are sensitive, specific and timely is crucial for protecting public health. Here, we evaluate the performance of three detection algorithms extensively used for syndromic surveillance: the ‘rising activity, multilevel mixed effects, indicator emphasis’ (RAMMIE) method and the improved quasi-Poisson regression-based method known as ‘Farrington Flexible’ both currently used at Public Health England, and the ‘Early Aberration Reporting System’ (EARS) method used at the US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. We model the wide range of data structures encountered within the daily syndromic surveillance systems used by PHE. We undertake extensive simulations to identify which algorithms work best across different types of syndromes and different outbreak sizes. We evaluate RAMMIE for the first time since its introduction. Performance metrics were computed and compared in the presence of a range of simulated outbreak types that were added to baseline data.

Results
We conclude that amongst the algorithm variants that have a high specificity (i.e. &gt;90%), Farrington Flexible has the highest sensitivity and specificity, whereas RAMMIE has the highest probability of outbreak detection and is the most timely, typically detecting outbreaks 2–3 days earlier.

Availability and implementation
R codes developed for this project are available through https://github.com/FelipeJColon/AlgorithmComparison

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.