bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It's like all of his attention is on you”: A mixed methods examination of attachment, supportive nonparental youth–adult relationships, and self‐esteem during adolescence
Authors: Yu Mark Vincent B. , Deutsch Nancy L. , Futch Ehrlich Valerie A. , Arbeit Miriam R. , Johnson Haley E. , Melton Theresa N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this mixed methods study was to examine the relationship between attachment, supportive nonparental youth‐adult relationships, and self‐esteem during adolescence. First, in a quantitative path analysis, we found that perceived social support from nonparental adults partially mediated the relationship between adolescent attachment and self‐esteem. In our follow‐up mixed methods analysis, we analyzed youth reflections of support experienced in relationships with significant non‐parental adults (VIPs). As compared to youth with positive attachment models, youth with negative attachment models reported fewer instances of emotional support but more instances of validation support. The youth with negative attachment models described (1) the importance of trust and (2) receiving emotional support specific to their needs. In instances of validation support, these youth described how their VIPs (1) provided them with honest and realistic feedback, (2) challenged their negative thinking and (3) created opportunities for them to recognize and showcase their strengths. Our findings underscore the importance of considering youths' individual attributes in the context of their ongoing relationships in order to gain a more nuanced understanding of the role and dynamics of supportive nonparental youth‐adult relationships in youths' lives.
EhRab21 mobilization during erythrophagocytosis in Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Constantino‐Jonapa Luis A. , Hernández‐Ramírez Verónica Ivonne , Osorio‐Trujillo Carlos , Talamás‐Rohana Patricia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRab proteins are present in all eukaryotic lineages and regulate vesicular trafficking. Entamoeba histolytica has approximately 100 genes encoding Rab proteins, among which 16 have homology with human Rab proteins. Human Rab21 participates in integrin recycling, and thus amoebic Rab21 was believed to regulate the mobilization of Ehβ1FNR (integrin‐like fibronectin receptor related with human integrin β1). We analyzed the distribution of EhRab21 using a polyclonal antibody produced with a specific peptide against the amoebic Rab protein, using confocal microscopy and specific probes for different organelles. EhRab21 was not associated with Ehβ1FNR in fibronectin‐stimulated trophozoites. However, EhRab21 was relocalized to lysosomes in erythrophagocytosis assays and was also found in Golgi‐positive structures and the nuclear periphery. These results suggest that EhRab21, unlike its human homologue, is not present in the recycling pathway. However, according to the results, EhRab21 may regulate the trafficking between lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus.
Developmental anatomy of anomalous structure and classification of commercial specifications and grades of the Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus
Authors: Li Renqing , Yin Minzhen , Yang Mei , Chu Shanshan , Han Xiaojing , Wang Moujun , Peng Huasheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Daodi herb, Huangqi from Shanxi, is derived from the root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao. Huangqi was divided into different commercial specifications and grades in producing area according to macroscopic features. Developmental anatomy of anomalous structure of the perennial fresh main root of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was investigated using conventional paraffin section to explore the relationship between anomalous structure and classification of commercial specifications and grades of Huangqi. The results of developmental anatomy showed that parenchyma cells in secondary phloem and secondary xylem of the perennial fresh main root regained meristematic ability, and resulted in anomalous structure. Several layers of additional periderm could sometimes be found in the secondary phloem near the initial periderm, which was called rhytidome. Additional periderm could sometimes be observed in the center of secondary xylem, which was described as “rotten heart.” The area of rhytidome and “rotten heart” increased gradually with increasing age. The results of different commercial specifications and grades of Huangqi revealed rhytidome and “rotten heart” mainly existed in Ge‐Da‐Tou, Er‐Dao‐Tou, Hong‐Lan‐Qi, Special Class, First Class, and Second Class. The additional periderm in secondary phloem of Ge‐Da‐Tou, Er‐Dao‐Tou, Hong‐Lan‐Qi, and Special Class could reach five layers; however, that of First Class and Second Class was three layers at most. In summary, this study demonstrated the rules of the development of rhytidome and “rotten heart” in A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. The relationship between anomalous structure and different commercial specifications and grades of Daodi herb Huangqi, was clarified.Research highlightsThe rhytidome and the development of “rotten heart” have not been reported in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus. At present article, we demonstrated the developmental anatomy of the rhytidome and “rotten heart” existed in the secondary phloem and secondary xylem of the root of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus respectively. The rhytidome and “rotten heart” is different among six commercial specifications and grades of Huangqi.
Quantitative characterization and diagnosis via hard X‐ray phase‐contrast microtomography
Authors: Liu Huiqiang , Ji Xuewen , Ma Yan , Du Guohao , Fu Yanan , Abudureheman Yibanu , Liu Wenya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNondestructive three‐dimensional (3D) micromorphological imaging technique is essential for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) disease to determine its damage level and early diagnosis, assess relative drug therapy and optimize treatment strategies. However, the existing morphological researches of HAE mainly depend on the conventional CT, MRI, or ultrasound in hospitals, unfortunately confronting with the common limit of imaging resolution and sensitivity, especially for tiny or early HAE lesions. Now we presented a phase‐retrieval‐based synchrotron X‐ray phase computed tomography (PR‐XPCT) with striking contrast‐to‐noise ratio and high‐density resolution to visualize the HAE nondestructive 3D structures and quantitatively segment different pathological characteristics of HAE lesions without staining process at the micrometer scale. Our experimental results of the HAE rat models at early and developed pathological stages and albendazole liposome (L‐ABZ) therapeutic feeding models successfully exhibited the different HAE pathological 3D morphological and microstructural characteristics with excellent contrast and high resolution, demonstrating its availability and superiority. Moreover, we achieved the quantitative statistics and analysis of the pathological changes of HAE lesions at different stages and L‐ABZ therapeutic evaluation, helpful to understanding the development and drug treatment of HAE disease. The PR‐XPCT‐based quantitative segmentation and characterization has a great potential in detection and analysis of soft tissue pathological changes, such as different tumors.
Surface morphological and physical characterizations of glass ionomer cements after sterilization processes
Authors: de Sousa‐Lima Rodolfo X. , de Lima Joyce F. M. , Silva de Azevedo Lucas J. , de Freitas Chaves Letícia V. , Alonso Roberta C. B. , Borges Boniek C. D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate if sterilization methods would promote changes in the selected adhesion‐related surface properties of glass ionomer cements (GICs). Riva self‐cure (RSC) and Riva light‐cure (RLC) GICs were tested. Thirty samples were prepared according to the type of material (RSC and RLC) and sterilization method: hydrogen peroxide gas plasma (HPGP), steam sterilization (SS), and no sterilization (n = 5 per group). A Teflon matrix (5 × 2 mm) was filled with one of the GICs to produce the samples. For the groups with the RLC material, the samples were light cured using a light curing unit for 20 s. After 24 hr, finishing and polishing were performed in all samples and then they were sterilized. Surface roughness, wettability, and micromorphology were accessed using a profilometer, a goniometer, and a scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed through a two‐way ANOVA and Tukey post‐hoc test (p < .05). Both sterilization methods promoted similar roughness values to the nonsterilized samples (p > .05). HPGP decreased contact angle for RSC (p < .01), and SS increased contact angle for RLC (p < .01). Samples subjected to HPGP presented similar surface micromorphology to nonsterilized ones, regardless of the material. SS promoted exposition of smaller filler particles in both materials. Although sterilization methods did not alter surface roughness and wettability, the sterilization methods selectively altered the micromorphology of the materials tested.Research highlightsThis study's main finding suggests that each sterilization method altered the surface of glass ionomers in different ways. Thus, the choice of sterilization methods prior to bacterial adhesion can lead to a bias in antimicrobial studies.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted MRI of invasive breast cancer: Correlation with prognostic factors and kinetic features acquired with computer‐aided diagnosis
Authors: Song Sung Eun , Cho Kyu Ran , Seo Bo Kyoung , Woo Ok Hee , Park Kyong Hwa , Son Yo Han , Grimm Robert 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundAs both intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) modeling and dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) provide perfusion parameters, IVIM‐derived perfusion parameters might be expected to correlate with the kinetic features from DCE‐MRI.PurposeTo investigate the association between IVIM parameters and prognostic factors and to evaluate the correlation between IVIM parameters and kinetic features in invasive breast cancer patients using computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationEighty‐five patients (invasive cancers; mean size, 1.8 cm; range, 0.8–4.8 cm) who underwent diffusion‐weighted imaging with 12 b‐values (0–1000 s/mm2).Field Strength/Sequence3.0T MRI axial, IVIM‐DWI epi‐sequence, and DCE‐MRI.AssessmentTwo radiologists measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), diffusion coefficient, pseudodiffusion coefficient, and perfusion fraction (f) using IVIM modeling. Kinetic features such as peak enhancement and early and delayed enhancement profiles were acquired using CAD.Statistical TestsThe correlation between the IVIM parameters and kinetic features and the association between the IVIM parameters and prognostic factors were investigated using Mann–Whitney test and Spearman correlation test.ResultsThere were no significant associations between IVIM parameters and prognostic factors. When IVIM parameters were correlated with kinetic features by CAD, both the ADC and f values showed correlations with delayed enhancement profiles. The ADC values were lower in tumors with lower persistent components (P = 0.013) and higher washout components (P = 0.045) and showed a positive correlation with persistent proportion (Spearman's rho (r) = 0.222, P = 0.041). The f value was higher in tumors with higher persistent components (P = 0.021) and showed a positive correlation with persistent proportion (r = 0.227, P = 0.029).Data ConclusionThis analysis revealed that IVIM‐derived ADC and f values showed correlations with kinetic features at the delayed phase as assessed by CAD. These results indicate the potential of IVIM imaging biomarkers to provide information on the biological and kinetic properties of breast cancers without a contrast agent.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:118–130.
Increasing plant diversity and forb ratio during the revegetation processes of trampled areas and trails enhances soil infiltration
Authors: Su Lei , Yang Yongsheng , Li Xiaoya , Wang Dong , Liu Yanchun , Liu Yinzhan , Yang Zhongling , Li Mingming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLivestock breeding and production activities provide the livelihood for herdsmen; nevertheless, the accompanying trampling has the potential to negatively influence the physiochemical environment of soil. The policy of returning grazing land to grassland has greatly influenced both biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the regulatory mechanism behind changes of soil infiltration capacity remains largely unexplored. Here, three sites (a 1‐year [R1] and a 3‐year [R3] restoration of grassland, which were both trampled areas and trails an untrampled grassland) were sampled on the Mongolian Plateau of China. The infiltration parameters, soil properties, root channel area, and plant community were determined for each site. The results showed that the species richness, aboveground biomass, and the proportion of forbs in the R3 grassland were 2.7‐, 5.5‐ and 30.8‐times higher than those of the R1 grassland, respectively. The soil infiltration rates and cumulative infiltration increased with species richness, aboveground biomass, and the proportion of forbs. Importantly, all values of species richness, aboveground biomass, and forbs ratio increased with progressing restoration. Overall, our results indicate that grasses recovered first after trampling ceased. Along with the improvement of soil surface conditions, forb species with greater root channel area increased gradually, which increased the soil infiltration rate. Our research highlights the changes in plant community of trampled areas and trails and the regulatory influence of revegetation on soil infiltration.
Tannic Acid Cross‐linked Polysaccharide‐Based Multifunctional Hemostatic Microparticles for the Regulation of Rapid Wound Healing
Authors: Li Na , Yang Xiao , Liu Wen , Xi Guanghui , Wang Mingshan , Liang Bin , Ma Zhaipu , Feng Yakai , Chen Hao , Shi Changcan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHemostatic microparticles (HMs) have been widely used in surgery. To improve the comprehensive performance of HMs, multifunctional HMs named HM15 and HM15′ are prepared from starch, carboxymethyl chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and tannic acid. Herein, tannic acid is used as an effective cross‐linker. A 3D network structure for cell growth and wound repair can be formed by secondary cross‐linking. Through synergistic effect of these natural materials, the process of wound healing can be regulated controllably. HM15 and HM15′ have the ability of rapid hemostasis. Moreover, HM15′ shows excellent properties in antibacteria and wound healing acceleration. Blood clotting time treated with different HMs is shortened obviously from 436.8 s to 126 s. Compared with Celox, HM15 and HM15′ exhibited better broad spectrum antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, the wound can be repaired rapidly by HM15′ in 14 days. These multifunctional HMs might have an important prospect in clinical application.
High Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness of Carbon Nanotube–Cellulose Composite Films with Layered Structures
Authors: Feng Xiao , Qin Xingzhen , Liu Detao , Huang Zuqiang , Zhou Yanling , Lan Weiyu , Lu Fachuang , Qi Haisong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFlexible and electrically conductive carbon nanotube (CNT)–cellulose composite films are fabricated by a green route based on sodium hydroxide/urea aqueous solution. Both single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are investigated as conductive fillers. The microstructure and physical properties of the films are characterized extensively. It is observed that CNTs form layered conductive networks in the cellulose matrices during the drying process. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of these composite films is also investigated. The results exhibit that the EMI SE of the materials is in accordance with electrical conductivity, which is highly dependent on the CNT loadings. Compared to MWCNT–cellulose composite films, the films with SWCNT show more effectiveness as EMI materials in the frequency range of 12–18 GHz. With SWCNT loading of 10 wt%, the EMI SE can reach 32.5–40 dB. Considering the thickness and density of the material, furthermore, the SWCNT–cellulose film possesses an extremely high specific EMI SE value of about 7678 dB cm2 g−1, which is due to the unique layered structures of CNTs. Thus, these flexible conductive composite films have the potential to be used as high‐efficiency shielding materials against electromagnetic radiation in advanced application fields.
Structure–Activity Relationship and Prediction of the Electron‐Transfer Potential of the Xanthones Series
Authors: Li Xican , Jiang Qian , Chen Ban , Luo Xiaoling , Chen Dongfeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe structure–activity relationships of 31 xanthones were analyzed by using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay to determine their electron‐transfer (ET) potential. It was proven that the ET potential of xanthones was dominated by four moieties (i.e. hydroquinone moiety, 5,6‐catechol moiety, 6,7‐catechol moiety, and 7,8‐catechol moiety) and was only slightly affected by other structural features, including a single phenolic OH group, the resorcinol moiety, the transannular dihydroxy moiety, a methoxy group, a sugar residue, an isoprenyl group, a cyclized isoprenyl group, and an isopentanol group. The results could be used to predict the ET potentials of other antioxidant xanthones.
Design and Synthesis of New 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Triazines for the Treatment of Cancer and Inflammation
Authors: Zacharie Boulos , Abbott Shaun D. , Duceppe Jean‐Simon , Gagnon Lyne , Grouix Brigitte , Geerts Lilianne , Gervais Liette , Sarra‐Bournet François , Perron Valérie , Wilb Nicole , Penney Christopher L. , Laurin Pierre 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLow‐molecular‐weight synthetic molecules 1 with the general 2‐(fluorophenylamino)‐4,6‐disubstituted 1,3,5‐triazine structure and showing anti‐inflammatory and anticancer activities were explored. Structure–activity relationship studies demonstrated the importance of the aminopentyl chain, the 3‐ or 4‐fluorophenylaniline component, and the presence of at least one substituent, such as a tyramine moiety, attached directly to the triazine ring as essential for good activity. These compounds, represented by leads 4‐{2‐[4‐(5‐Aminopentylamino)‐6‐(3‐fluorophenylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐ylamino]ethyl}phenol (6) and 4‐{2‐[4‐(5‐Aminopentylamino)‐6‐(4‐fluorophenylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐ylamino]ethyl}phenol (10), displayed moderate and significant in vitro and in vivo dual activities, respectively, and address the molecular link between inflammation and cancer. Compound 10 demonstrated significant antitumor efficacy upon administration by the oral and intravenous routes in several animal models. This class of triazine compounds is new, safe, and nontoxic and offers a novel approach to the treatment of inflammation and cancer.
Photochemical Formation of Tunable Gold Nanostructures Using Versatile Water‐Soluble Thiolate Au(I) Precursor
Authors: Murshid Nimer , Smith D. Scott , Kitaev Vladimir 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEfficient and facile preparation of gold nanostructures (AuNSs) with tunable size and localized surface plasmon resonance, LSPR, is accomplished using the developed versatile water‐soluble gold thiolate precursor Au(I)glutathione (Au(I)GSH). Optimal AuNS tuning is achieved via photochemical pathway. The LSPR of AuNSs can be tuned from 518 to 750 nm by using different light‐emitting diode (LED) wavelengths and through size and shape (compact versus multipods) variation. Furthermore, suitability of the developed precursor is demonstrated in the thermal pathway and seed‐mediated regrowth to fine‐tune AuNSs. Overall, diverse tunable AuNSs can be conveniently prepared through several pathways by transformations of the developed thiolate precursor to suit diverse functional applications.
Coverage‐based vulnerability discovery modeling to optimize disclosure time using multiattribute approach
Authors: Kansal Yogita , Kapur Parmod Kumar , Kumar Uday 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSoftware vulnerabilities trend over time has been proposed by various researchers and academicians in recent years. But none of them have considered operational coverage function in vulnerability discovery modeling. In this research paper, we have proposed a generalized statistical model that determines the relationship between operational coverage function and the number of expected vulnerabilities. During the operational phase, possible vulnerable sites are covered and vulnerabilities present at a particular site are discovered with some probability. We have assumed that the proposed model follows the nonhomogeneous Poisson process properties; thus, different distributions are used to formulate the model. The numerical illustration shows that the proposed model performs better and has the good fitness to the Google Chrome data. The second focus of this research paper is to evaluate the total cost incurred by the developer after software release and to identify the optimal vulnerability disclosure time through multiobjective utility function. The proposed vulnerability discovery helps in optimization. The optimal time problem depends on the combined effect of cost, risk, and effort.
Reliable finite‐time H∞ control for singular Markovian jump system with actuator saturation via sliding‐mode approach
Authors: Ma Yuechao , Liu Yangfan , Liu Na , Wang Yanning 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis paper explores the finite‐time H∞ control problem for singular stochastic systems with actuator saturation and time‐varying state delay through the sliding‐mode approach. Time delay is a kind of positive differentiable bounded delay. A novel suitable switching function and a suitable sliding‐mode control law are given to guarantee that the closed‐loop actuator saturating system is singular stochastic H∞ finite‐time boundedness on the specified sliding surface. Sensor failures are taken into consideration for the error system, and sufficient criteria are provided to ensure the error system is singular stochastic finite‐time boundedness. The gain matrices of sliding‐mode controller and state observer are obtained by solving the corresponding linear matrix inequalities. Finally, simulation examples are given to illustrate the proposed method.
A predictive management tool for blackfly outbreaks on the Orange River, South Africa
Authors: Rivers‐Moore Nicholas A. , Hill Trevor R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDownstream flow alteration resulting from river impoundment or interbasin transfer schemes, while improving water supply assurance levels, has been shown to have negative ecological consequences, including outbreaks of pest blackfly. In South Africa's Orange River, large impoundments constructed in the 1970s have created an ongoing blackfly outbreak problem. Although the severity of the outbreaks has been successfully managed using aerial applications of larvicides, periodic outbreaks continue to occur. Understanding the interactions of the multiple variables driving the outbreaks is complex. We integrated variables useful in predicting outbreak conditions (discharge, water temperature, seston concentration, benthic algae) using a Bayesian network approach. Data to define probabilities were collected at 11 sites over four sampling seasons, and system states were derived using flow and water temperature thresholds. The late summer months (February, March, and April) were most favourable for pest blackly outbreaks, and the probability of an outbreak is six times higher for postimpoundment versus preimpoundment flow conditions. The model was successful in integrating multiple environmental variables that act as triggers for pest blackfly outbreaks. The efficacy of the model as a management tool will increase if ongoing monitoring data are incorporated into the model as case files.