bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for primary congenital glaucoma in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Forestieri Nina E. , Desrosiers Tania A. , Freedman Sharon F. , Aylsworth Arthur S. , Voltzke Kristin , Olshan Andrew F. , Meyer Robert E. ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrimary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a rare but serious birth defect. Genetic mutations have been implicated in the development of PCG, but little is known about nongenetic risk factors. This study investigates potential risk factors for PCG in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a large population‐based case–control study of major birth defects in the United States. The analysis includes case infants with PCG (N = 107) and control infants without birth defects (N = 10,084) enrolled in NBDPS from birth years 2000–2011. Pregnancy/infant clinical characteristics, demographics, and parental health history were collected through maternal interview. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to examine associations with all PCG cases and isolated PCG cases without other major malformations. Associations with all the cases included term low birth weight (<2,500 g; aOR = 2.80, CI 1.59–4.94), non‐Hispanic black maternal race/ethnicity (aOR = 2.42, CI 1.42–4.13), maternal history of seizure (aOR = 2.73, CI 1.25–5.97), maternal antihypertensive use (aOR = 3.60, CI 1.52–8.53), and maternal sexually transmitted infection (aOR = 2.75, CI 1.17–6.44). These factors were also associated with isolated PCG, as was maternal use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (aOR = 2.70, CI 1.15–6.34). This study is among the first to examine a wide array of potential risk factors for PCG in a population‐based sample.
Rapid Base‐ and Metal‐Free Oxidative C‐H Cyclization for the Synthesis of Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Lee Hae Eun , Lee Mi Jung , Park Jin Kyoon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetal‐free oxidative intramolecular cyclizations have been developed for the synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines. Remarkably fast reactions were observed when chloramine‐T was used as an oxidant with 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) as the solvent, and it was noted that the reactions could be performed without using a base at room temperature.
Facile Substituent Exchange at H‐Phosphonate Diesters Limiting an Effective Synthesis of D‐Phosphonate Diesters
Authors: Lee Keng Lung , Feld Joey , Ben‐Tal Yael , Guo Zhaoyang , Hume Paul , Leitao Erin M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch on using H‐phosphonate diesters to introduce phosphorus functionality into molecules and polymers, some of which have medicinal applications, has recently attracted a lot of attention. Deuterium labelling to yield the corresponding D‐phosphonate diesters, although desirable in order to help with the mechanistic elucidation of reactions containing H‐phosphonate diesters, has been demonstrated to be a challenge. Deuterium exchange at H‐phosphonate diesters using D2O, MeOD and ND2Bn has shown competitive behavior with hydrolysis, alcoholysis and aminolysis reactions, respectively. This facile substituent exchange for the addition of D2O and MeOD can be attributed to the similar energy required to eliminate ROH or H2O (ROD or HOD, R=iPr, Et, Me) from a pentavalent P(V) intermediate which is generated from axial delivery of an OD or OR group from D2O and MeOD, respectively. The trend in reaction rate for the exchange processes follows the order of R=Me>Et>iPr in (RO)2P(O)H and also depends on the nucleophilicity of the incoming group. Attempted synthesis of D‐phosphonate diesters directly from PCl3 and alcohols or via lithiation reactions further demonstrated just how sensitive the H/D‐scrambling process is. These results have implications for the general reactivity of H‐phosphonate diesters towards water, alcohol, and amines and their potential to selectively undergo substitution at either P‐OR or P‐H. Moreover, insight into the mechanism(s) of selective deuterium exchange, for example to give D‐phosphonate diesters via the direct exchange of D for H, was illuminated through this research.
The governance of primary mental health planning by Primary Health Networks
Authors: Henderson Julie , Javanparast Sara , Baum Fran , Freeman Toby , Ziersch Anna , Mackean Tamara , Fuller Jeffery 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe establishment of Primary Health Networks (PHNs) was accompanied by assignment of responsibility for funding for primary mental healthcare. To ensure this funding is spent in line with government priorities, the Federal government developed a planning document with established priorities and guidance documents for how the planning document should be completed. This paper examines how these documents shape service delivery through enabling some activities and excluding others and identifies the assumptions that underpin these documents. Data were drawn from discourse and content analysis of completed planning documents from the PHNs and of the guidance documents and from reflection upon mental health planning from 55 interviews with key personnel from six PHNs. Service delivery is shaped by outcome measures that promote service access, cost‐effectiveness and clinical effectiveness, contributing to service options that favour self‐management for mild mental illness and clinical (but not social) services for people with severe mental illness. There is also limited scope for mental health promotion with prevention activities focused upon populations identified by the government as being at‐risk. This occurs to the detriment of other at‐risk populations.
Direct Visualization of Single Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins Using Genetically‐Encoded Probes for DNA‐PAINT
Authors: Schlichthaerle Thomas , Strauss Maximilian T. , Schueder Florian , Auer Alexander , Nijmeijer Bianca , Kueblbeck Moritz , Jimenez Sabinina Vilma , Thevathasan Jervis V. , Ries Jonas , Ellenberg Jan , Jungmann Ralf 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe nuclear pore complex (NPC) is one of the largest and most complex protein assemblies in the cell and, among other functions, serves as the gatekeeper of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Unraveling its molecular architecture and functioning has been an active research topic for decades with recent cryogenic electron microscopy and super‐resolution studies advancing our understanding of the architecture of the NPC complex. However, the specific and direct visualization of single copies of NPC proteins is thus far elusive. Herein, we combine genetically‐encoded self‐labeling enzymes such as SNAP‐tag and HaloTag with DNA‐PAINT microscopy. We resolve single copies of nucleoporins in the human Y‐complex in three dimensions with a precision of circa 3 nm, enabling studies of multicomponent complexes on the level of single proteins in cells using optical fluorescence microscopy.
Realization of Lewis Basic Sodium Anion in the NaBH3− Cluster
Authors: Liu Gaoxiang , Fedik Nikita , Martinez‐Martinez Chalynette , Ciborowski Sandra M. , Zhang Xinxing , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Bowen Kit H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report a Na:−→B dative bond in the NaBH3− cluster, which was designed on the principle of minimum‐energy rupture, prepared by laser vaporization, and characterized by a synergy of anion photoelectron spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. The global minimum of NaBH3− features a Na−B bond. Its preferred heterolytic dissociation conforms with the IUPAC definition of dative bond. The lone electron pair revealed on Na and the negative Laplacian of electron density at the bond critical point further confirm the dative nature of the Na−B bond. This study represents the first example of a Lewis adduct with an alkalide as the Lewis base.
Comparative study between two fabricated potentiometric sensors to enhance selectivity towards ferrous ions
Authors: Frag Eman Yossri , Mohamed Marwa El Badry , Mohamed Gehad G. , Samy Yasser 
Published: July 2019

Electroanalytical methods are highly selective for measuring electrical quantities including the charge, potential and current with their relation to chemical parameters. They are widely applied in various fields such as biochemical analysis, industrial quality control and environmental monitoring. They have many advantages over other techniques in that they are not time consuming and are specific for certain oxidation states of certain elements which give these techniques high selectivity and sensitivity features. This paper is based on two parts: the first part describes the fabrication of screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with methyl red as electroactive material, while second part describes the preparation and characterization of Fe(II)–methyl red complex using various spectroscopic tools, the complex being used for the construction of carbon paste electrodes (CPEs). The two proposed electrodes were successfully applied for the determination of Fe(II) in water and pharmaceutical (pharovit) samples. The electrodes under investigation show potentiometric response for Fe(II) in the concentration range 8.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−2 and 5.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−2 M at 25°C for SPE and CPE, respectively, and the electrode response is independent of pH in the range 1.5–7.0. These sensors show Nernstian slopes of 29.1 ± 0.2 and 29.7 ± 0.16 mV decade−1 with detection limit values of 8.0 × 10−7 and 5.0 × 10−7 M for SPE and CPE, respectively. These electrodes show fast response time of 6 and 4 s and exhibit a lifetime of 100 and 30 days for SPE and CPE, respectively. The mechanism of chemical reaction between modifier and Fe(II) on the SPE surface was studied using infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. The proposed potentiometric method was validated according to the IUPAC recommendations. The results obtained using the proposed sensors were comparable with those obtained with inductively coupled plasma analysis.
Influence of UV stabilizers on the weathering of PETG and PCTT films
Authors: Arangdad Kiarash , Yildirim Erol , Detwiler Andrew , Cleven Curtis D. , Burk Christopher , Shamey Renzo , Pasquinelli Melissa A. , Freeman Harold S. , El‐Shafei Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe influence of two UV photostabilizers on the photostability of Polyethylene‐co‐CHDM‐terephthalate (PETG) and Polycyclohexylenedimethylene‐Co‐TMCD‐terephthalate (PCTT) copolyester films was investigated. Untreated films and films containing stabilizer were irradiated. The resulting films were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FTIR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FTIR spectra of the irradiated films containing Cyasorb 1164 showed less change in intensity of the broad peak corresponding to OH groups, than the films containing Cyasorb 3638, indicating that Cyasorb 1164 is a better photostabilizer for these films. XPS results showed that the decrease in C/O ratio, due to photodegradation, was greater in films containing Cyasorb 3638 compared to those containing Cyasorb 1164. The formation of degradation products was evident from emission spectra arising from extracts of irradiated films based on PCTT +10% Cyasorb 3638, but no degradation products were apparent in extracts from irradiated PCTT +10% Cyasorb 1164. UV‐absorption spectra of Cyasorb 1164 overlap more substantially with the absorption spectra of PETG and PCTT. The results from FTIR, XPS, and GPC analyses of the irradiated PETG and PCTT films demonstrated that Cyasorb 1164 was more effective than Cyasorb 3638 in enhancing resistance to UV‐induced weathering. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48198.
Study of the degradation and recyclability of polyethylene and polypropylene present in the marine environment
Authors: Pelegrini Kauê , Maraschin Thuany Garcia , Brandalise Rosmary Nichele , Piazza Diego 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPolypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) are two of the most widely used polymers in the world, and consequently the main polymer waste that contributes to the pollution of the oceans. Because they are considered inert to degradation, such waste becomes a threat to marine life. In this study, it was possible to collect data on the recyclability of PP and PE waste collected from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. First, the degradation conditions suffered by these materials were evaluated. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy assays presented different levels of carbonyl in different layers below the surface of each material and scanning electron microscopy tests showed cracks and microorganisms. The mechanical and rheological properties were evaluated in order to evaluate the recyclability of samples exposed to the marine environment. From the study, it can be concluded that, despite the levels of degradation of the samples, it is possible to obtain satisfactory properties for mechanically recycled products. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48215.
Effect of pine resin derivatives on the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of Mater‐Bi type bioplastic
Authors: Aldas M. , Ferri J. M. , Lopez‐Martinez J. , Samper M. D. , Arrieta M. P. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe effect of three additives derived from pine resin, namely, gum rosin (GR) and two pentaerythritol ester of GR, Lurefor (LF) and Unik Tack (UT), in 5, 10, and 15 wt %, on the properties of Mater‐Bi, based on plasticized starch, poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate), and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), obtained by injection molding processes, was studied. The mechanical, microstructural, and thermal properties were evaluated. LF had a cohesive behavior with the components of Mater‐Bi, increasing the toughness of the material up to 250% accompanied by an increase of tensile modulus and tensile strength. UT had an intermediate behavior, conferring cohesive and plasticizing effects, allowing an increase of 105% in impact resistance. GR had a more marked plasticizing effect. This allows processing temperatures of about 50 °C lower than those used for neat Mater‐Bi. In addition, an increase of the elongation at break, toughness, and impact resistance in 370, 480, and 250%, respectively, was achieved. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48236.
Biodegradation of mulch films from poly(butylene adipate co‐terephthalate), carnauba wax, and sugarcane residue
Authors: de Oliveira Thainá Araújo , de Oliveira Mota Islaine , Mousinho Francisco Edinaldo Pinto , Barbosa Renata , de Carvalho Laura Hecker , Alves Tatianny Soares 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPlastic mulching for agricultural purposes is a technique which began in the last century and since then its use has been perfected. The fragments of some large‐scale mulch films used may accumulate in the soil, release toxic substances, and affect soil microbial activity. The environmental problems generated by fragments of plastic films accumulated in soil have prompted the development and large‐scale use of biodegradable plastic mulch films. The aim of this work is to develop biodegradable plastic mulch films from poly(butylene adipate co‐terephthalate (PBAT), sugarcane residue, and carnauba wax and to evaluate its biodegradation when buried in soil. The films, obtained by flat extrusion, contained 2.5 and 5.0% sugarcane residue and 0 and 2.0% carnauba wax. Their biodegradation after burial in soil was monitored by mass loss, visual inspection, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our data show biodegradation in soil to increase with sugarcane residue content and to be independent on carnauba wax addition. This behavior, confirmed by visual inspection, FTIR and SEM images, was associated with the biodegradability of lignocellulosic residues as microorganisms tend to attack this component first, thus eroding fiber/matrix interface and facilitating bio disintegration. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48240.
Star‐shaped silicon‐containing arylacetylene resin based on a one‐pot synthesis using zinc powder catalysis with improved processing and thermal properties
Authors: Huang Yanchun , Deng Shifeng , Liu Zhongqi 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTHerein, reporting a simple, sustainable, and cost‐effective chemical synthesis of a star‐shaped silicon‐containing arylacetylene (SSA) resin via a one‐pot process using zinc powder as a catalyst. The as‐prepared viscous liquid resins exhibited moderate rheological behavior. The thermal curing temperature was determined to be 203 °C using differential scanning calorimetry, which is much lower than that reported for polyimide and phthalonitrile (>300 °C), indicating the SSA resins are suitable for processing at a lower temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis also revealed the excellent thermal stability and extremely high carbon residue of the cured SSA resin (the temperature at 5% mass loss and residual yield at 800 °C under N2 were 654 °C and 93%, respectively). The results showed the excellent processability and thermal stability of SSA resin. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48248.
Isothermal emulsion polymerization of n‐butyl methacrylate with KPS and redox initiators: Nucleation
Authors: Wang Shi , Daniels Eric S. , El‐Aasser Mohamed S. , Klein Andrew 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTNucleation is a very important stage of emulsion polymerization due to its significant influence on the latex particle diameter, particle diameter distribution, and molecular weight. In this study, we evaluated the effect of thermal and redox initiators on the nucleation and reaction kinetics with a model emulsion system comprised of n‐butyl methacrylate, sodium lauryl sulfate, water, initiators, and other additives. Our previous study has demonstrated that a micellar nucleation mechanism plays a role in both initiator systems. In the present study, we further explored secondary nucleation using these two types of initiator systems, that is, homogeneous nucleation, which exists in the redox‐initiated process, and micellar nucleation which is the main nucleation mechanism for the thermal‐initiated system. The investigation also illustrates that coagulative nucleation in the redox‐initiated emulsion system results in a greater extent of monodispersed particle diameter distributions, much smaller particle diameters, and lower molecular weights for the final latex. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48275.
iPASTIC: An online toolkit to estimate plant abiotic stress indices
Authors: Pour‐Aboughadareh Alireza , Yousefian Mohsen , Moradkhani Hoda , Moghaddam Vahed Mohammad , Poczai Peter , Siddique Kadambot H. M. 
Published: July 2019

PremiseIn crop breeding programs, breeders use yield performance in both optimal and stressful environments as a key indicator for screening the most tolerant genotypes. During the past four decades, several yield‐based indices have been suggested for evaluating stress tolerance in crops. Despite the well‐established use of these indices in agronomy and plant breeding, a user‐friendly software that would provide access to these methods is still lacking.Methods and ResultsThe Plant Abiotic Stress Index Calculator (iPASTIC) is an online program based on JavaScript and R that calculates common stress tolerance and susceptibility indices for various crop traits including the tolerance index (TOL), relative stress index (RSI), mean productivity (MP), harmonic mean (HM), yield stability index (YSI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), and yield index (YI). Along with these indices, this easily accessible tool can also calculate their ranking patterns, estimate the relative frequency for each index, and create heat maps based on Pearsonʼs and Spearmanʼs rank‐order correlation analyses. In addition, it can also render three‐dimensional plots based on both yield performances and each index to separate entry genotypes into Fernandezʼs groups (A, B, C, and D), and perform principal component analysis. The accuracy of the results calculated from our software was tested using two different data sets obtained from previous experiments testing the salinity and drought stress in wheat genotypes, respectively.ConclusionsiPASTIC can be widely used in agronomy and plant breeding programs as a user‐friendly interface for agronomists and breeders dealing with large volumes of data. The software is available at https://mohsenyousefian.com/ipastic/.
Theory and practice to conserve freshwater biodiversity in the Anthropocene
Authors: Flitcroft Rebecca , Cooperman Michael S. , Harrison Ian J. , Juffe‐Bignoli Diego , Boon Philip J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The unprecedented impact of human activities on nature has led scientists to propose we might now be in a new geological epoch: the Anthropocene. Significant human alterations of freshwater systems include massive changes to soil erosion–deposition dynamics, hydrological regimes via impoundment and diversion, land‐use conversion, chemical and nutrient pollution, and human‐assisted range expansion of invasive species. In this human‐dominated epoch, biodiversity, which includes all life on Earth, is at risk, and freshwater biodiversity shows the strongest examples of the extent of this threat.
We live in a world where it is necessary to find optimal ways to balance the growing human need for fresh water with ensuring that freshwater ecosystems remain functional in support of the biodiversity that inhabits them and the services these systems provide.
Within the broader context of freshwater management in the Anthropocene, this special issue targets freshwater biodiversity and habitat conservation through a variety of lenses. Four main areas of emphasis include: conservation approaches; advances in model and tool development; enhancing water planning; and management and protection of species and habitats.
For manuscripts included in this special issue, all authors were instructed to demonstrate how the material presented, be it commentary, conservation prioritization, new methodology or other subject matter, is broadly applicable and transferable.