bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical and hydration properties of different cereal and legume gluten‐free powders
Authors: Boucheham Nohed , Galet Laurence , Patry Séverine , Zidoune Mohammed Nasreddin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe wetting and hydration stage is the key step in manufacture process of several cereal‐based products. Knowledge of hydration properties of gluten‐free ingredients can contribute to improve the quality of gluten‐free products. The objective of the present work was to investigate hydration properties for a large variety of gluten‐free ingredients. Powders of tow gluten‐free cereals (rice and maize) and powders of tow legumes (chickpea and faba bean) in comparison with durum wheat semolina. The hydration properties were evaluated at 25°C by vapor and liquid water addition.ResultsLegume powders had the highest sorption capacity and stronger interaction with vapor water. Rice showed the highest vapor water diffusion at all RH intervals. Water holding capacity, swelling kinetics, and immersion enthalpy in liquid water were higher for legume and maize powders.ConclusionGluten‐free cereal powders show hydration properties different from those of legumes. Different combinations of these gluten‐free materials can be made to approach the properties of wheat powders.
Questions and (some) answers on reactive astrocytes
Authors: Escartin Carole , Guillemaud Océane , Carrillo‐de Sauvage Maria‐Angeles 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAstrocytes are key cellular partners for neurons in the central nervous system. Astrocytes react to virtually all types of pathological alterations in brain homeostasis by significant morphological and molecular changes. This response was classically viewed as stereotypical and is called astrogliosis or astrocyte reactivity. It was long considered as a nonspecific, secondary reaction to pathological conditions, offering no clues on disease‐causing mechanisms and with little therapeutic value. However, many studies over the last 30 years have underlined the crucial and active roles played by astrocytes in physiology, ranging from metabolic support, synapse maturation, and pruning to fine regulation of synaptic transmission. This prompted researchers to explore how these new astrocyte functions were changed in disease, and they reported alterations in many of them (sometimes beneficial, mostly deleterious). More recently, cell‐specific transcriptomics revealed that astrocytes undergo massive changes in gene expression when they become reactive. This observation further stressed that reactive astrocytes may be very different from normal, nonreactive astrocytes and could influence disease outcomes. To make the picture even more complex, both normal and reactive astrocytes were shown to be molecularly and functionally heterogeneous. Very little is known about the specific roles that each subtype of reactive astrocytes may play in different disease contexts. In this review, we have interrogated researchers in the field to identify and discuss points of consensus and controversies about reactive astrocytes, starting with their very name. We then present the emerging knowledge on these cells and future challenges in this field.
Thinking Together
Authors: Haupt Laura , Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOver email a few days after the death of Daniel Callahan, cofounder of The Hastings Center and for many years its director and then president, Joseph Fins, a longtime Hastings colleague, offered this comfort: “[H]enceforth every issue of the Report is a living memorial to Dan the writer, editor, and institution builder.” In the Hastings Center Report's first issue, published in June 1971, Dan stated, “To say that [the work of the Report] must be multi‐disciplinary is only to say the issues [it will address] are as complex as human beings themselves.” This July–August 2019 issue continues the tradition Dan began. An essay by Laura Guidry‐Grimes expands on the importance of interdisciplinary conversations and problem solving—and attends to the complexity of human beings—in recalling a patient who was failed by multiple social institutions. In the lead article, a team of authors led by James Sabin identifies a challenge to conducting ethical research within learning health organizations, where research and care are integrated with the aid of patient data from health insurance providers.
Patient as Gift
Authors: Dugdale Lydia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract“Sit down,” Mr. R demanded. “I've got something to say to you.” I shot the medical student a querying glance as we simultaneously sunk into our chairs. He continued, “You don't know me, and I got some things to tell you.”I thought I knew Mr. R, and I certainly had some idea of what he was all about. But then he called to me. In his summoning, Mr. R arrested all my preconceived ideas about him. And as the medical student and I began to understand him better, we wanted to know more. We began to engage him more deeply. In the subsequent days, caring for him somehow felt easier, akin to the care one gives a distraught friend rather than a difficult patient.
Out of the Freezer and into the Policy Fire: Quandaries in Reproductive Cryopreservation
Authors: Feinberg Rebecca 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe field of assisted reproduction is advancing rapidly and is ripe for regulation and guidance. In 2018, over four thousand frozen eggs and embryos were lost to approximately one thousand patients at Ahuja University Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio, due to an accidental thaw of a cryopreservation tank. The precedent that will be set by the Ahuja class‐action case is significant for both past events and future possibilities and is core to the discussion of policy involving the cryopreservation of gametes and embryos.
Factors influencing residents' decision to sign with family doctors under the new health care reform in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaona , Yang Shiyu , Wang Yuxuan 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundAs an important means through which to promote Chinese health care reform, the family doctor policy has attracted attention from various fields. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing residents' decision to sign with family doctors, with a view to informing the changes necessary to encourage additional residents to do so, thereby enhancing the efficacy of primary health care system reform.MethodsThe residents of five communities in Xianning, Hubei Province, were selected, by convenience sampling, to participate in the study. We developed and administered a questionnaire to collect data, from which we obtained 725 valid response sets. Socio‐demographic characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics; and Pearson chi‐squared test and binary logistic regression were performed to identify the factors influencing residents' decision to sign with family doctors.ResultsWe found that the factors influencing residents' decision to sign include their education level, medical insurance, chronic diseases, medical treatment habits, awareness of the family doctor policy, perception of the medical skills of family doctors, and attitudes towards family doctors' signing services (P < .05).ConclusionTo encourage more residents to sign with family doctors, we recommend the implementation of the following: increasing publicity for the family doctor policy, promoting the reasonable distribution of high‐quality resources, augmenting the standard of general medical education, and improving the skills and competencies of family doctors.
Risk and protective factors for pre‐ and postnatal bonding
Authors: Cuijlits I. , van de Wetering A.P. , Endendijk J.J. , van Baar A.L. , Potharst E.S. , Pop V.J.M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSince disturbances in the mother–child bond increase the risk of negative consequences for child development, it is important to identify risk and protective factors for bonding as well as longitudinal associations. Previous research has used different bonding instruments during pregnancy and the postnatal phase, leading to inconsistent results. In the current study, the same instrument was used during the various phases. In a large, community‐based sample (N = 793), general information, feelings of pre‐ and postnatal bonding (Pre‐ and Postnatal Bonding Scale), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and partner support (subscale Tilburg Pregnancy/Postnatal Distress Scale) were measured at both 32 weeks of pregnancy and 8 months postnatally. Partner support was found to be a protective factor for suboptimal pre‐ and postnatal bonding, as was the engagement with fetal movements for prenatal bonding. High maternal educational level was a risk factor for suboptimal prenatal bonding, as were depressive symptoms for suboptimal postnatal bonding. The associations between most prenatal determinants and postnatal bonding were mediated by prenatal bonding, which underlines the importance of promoting prenatal bonding. Professionals in clinical practice should be aware of partner support, engagement with fetal movements, and postnatal depressive symptoms: All these factors offer opportunities for improving the bonding processes.
Antimicrobial agent triclosan suppresses mast cell signaling via phospholipase D inhibition
Authors: Shim Juyoung K. , Caron Molly A. , Weatherly Lisa M. , Gerchman Logan B. , Sangroula Suraj , Hattab Siham , Baez Alan Y. , Briana Talya J. , Gosse Julie A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHumans are exposed to the antimicrobial agent triclosan (TCS) through use of TCS‐containing products. Exposed tissues contain mast cells, which are involved in numerous biological functions and diseases by secreting various chemical mediators through a process termed degranulation. We previously demonstrated that TCS inhibits both Ca2+ influx into antigen‐stimulated mast cells and subsequent degranulation. To determine the mechanism linking the TCS cytosolic Ca2+ depression to inhibited degranulation, we investigated the effects of TCS on crucial signaling enzymes activated downstream of the Ca2+ rise: protein kinase C (PKC; activated by Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species [ROS]) and phospholipase D (PLD). We found that TCS strongly inhibits PLD activity within 15 minutes post‐antigen, a key mechanism of TCS mast cell inhibition. In addition, experiments using fluorescent constructs and confocal microscopy indicate that TCS delays antigen‐induced translocations of PKCβII, PKCδ and PKC substrate myristoylated alanine‐rich C‐kinase. Surprisingly, TCS does not inhibit PKC activity or overall ability to translocate, and TCS actually increases PKC activity by 45 minutes post‐antigen; these results are explained by the timing of both TCS inhibition of cytosolic Ca2+ (~15+ minutes post‐antigen) and TCS stimulation of ROS (~45 minutes post‐antigen). These findings demonstrate that it is incorrect to assume that all Ca2+‐dependent processes will be synchronously inhibited when cytosolic Ca2+ is inhibited by a toxicant or drug. The results offer molecular predictions of the effects of TCS on other mammalian cell types, which share these crucial signal transduction elements and provide biochemical information that may underlie recent epidemiological findings implicating TCS in human health problems.
Reproductive disorders in female rats after prenatal exposure to sodium arsenite
Authors: Souza Ana Cláudia Ferreira , Ervilha Luiz Otávio Guimarães , Coimbra John Lennon Paiva , Bastos Daniel Silva Sena , Guimarães Simone Eliza Facioni , Machado‐Neves Mariana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractArsenic is a metalloid widely found in the environment in organic and inorganic forms. Exposure to inorganic arsenic forms via drinking water has been associated with an increased incidence of negative health effects, including reproductive disorders and dysfunction of the endocrine system. However, the impact of arsenic exposure on female reproductive development is still unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of prenatal exposure to arsenic on the initial sexual development and puberty onset, and in the morphology of the female reproductive organs, estrous cycle regularity and fertility parameters during adulthood. To do that, pregnant female Wistar rats were exposed to 10 mg/L sodium arsenite via drinking water from gestational day (GD) 1 until GD 21 and the female offspring was evaluated in different postnatal days. Our results showed that prenatal arsenic exposure induced a decrease of litter weight and morphological masculinization in females at postnatal day 1. Moreover, these females had a delay in the age of puberty onset and alteration in estrous cycle number and length. During adulthood, females from the sodium arsenite group showed an increase in endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium areas, and an imbalance in uterine antioxidant enzyme activity. These animals also presented an increase in post‐implantation loss and reabsorption number, leading to reduced viable fetus number. In conclusion, prenatal arsenic exposure in rats was able to promote female masculinization, alter sexual development and impair reproductive performance.
Microscopic investigations and pharmacognostic techniques used for the standardization of leaf of Rhus succedanea var. Himalaica J. D. Hook
Authors: Khan Shafqat Ali , Barkatullah  , Ibrar Muhammad , Ullah Sami 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRhus succedanea is generally traded, distributed, and sold in the markets in its crude and raw form. This may have been mixed with adulterants, mismanaged by malpractices, and substituted with other closely related drugs having different effect. This study is therefore carried out to authenticate the plant through pharmacognostic evaluations including morphological microscopic and physio‐chemical features. Morphologically, the Rhus is a perennial small sized deciduous tree, locally, called as Rakhkal in Pashto and Kakarsingi in Urdu. The organoleptic evaluation showed that leaf had pleasant, aromatic odor, and astringent taste. Anatomy of the midrib has shown a typical dicot histological differentiation. The leaf was hypostomatic showing anomocytic stomata with average stomatal number 27.1 ± 7.2 and stomatal index 14 ± 3.63. The average vein islet, vein termination, and palisade ratios were 13.6 ± 3.04, 10.21 ± 1.92, and 6 ± 2.01, respectively. Leaf powder showed the existence of various types of tissues. Fluorescence study and percentage extractive values were also carried out. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones, whereas tannins and fixed oil was not detected. Quantitatively highest number of alkaloids 16% and flavonoids 19% in leaf was detected. The above parameters, being reported to the first time for, and are significant toward establishing the microscopic and pharmacognostic standards for future identification and authentication of genuine herbal drug.
A test of the micro‐expressions training tool: Does it improve lie detection?
Authors: Jordan Sarah , Brimbal Laure , Wallace D. Brian , Kassin Saul M. , Hartwig Maria , Street Chris N.H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of the micro‐expressions training tool (METT) in identifying and using micro‐expressions to improve lie detection. Participants (n = 90) were randomly assigned to receive training in micro‐expressions recognition, a bogus control training, or no training. All participants made veracity judgements of five randomly selected videos of targets providing deceptive or truthful statements. With the use of the Bayesian analyses, we found that the METT group did not outperform those in the bogus training and no training groups. Further, overall accuracy was slightly below chance. Implications of these results are discussed.
At the bench: Engineering the next generation of cancer vaccines
Authors: Shae Daniel , Baljon Jessalyn J , Wehbe Mohamed , Becker Kyle W , Sheehy Taylor L , Wilson John Tanner 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCancer vaccines hold promise as an immunotherapeutic modality based on their potential to generate tumor antigen-specific T cell responses and long-lived antitumor responses capable of combating metastatic disease and recurrence. However, cancer vaccines have historically failed to deliver significant therapeutic benefit in the clinic, which we maintain is due in part to drug delivery challenges that have limited vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. In this review, we examine some of the known and putative failure mechanisms of common first-generation clinical cancer vaccines, and describe how the rational design of materials engineered for vaccine delivery and immunomodulation can address these shortcomings. First, we outline vaccine design principles for augmenting cellular immunity to tumor antigens and describe how well-engineered materials can improve vaccine efficacy, highlighting recent innovations in vaccine delivery technology that are primed for integration into neoantigen vaccine development pipelines. We also discuss the importance of sequencing, timing, and kinetics in mounting effective immune responses to cancer vaccines, and highlight examples of materials that potentiate antitumor immunity through spatiotemporal control of immunomodulation. Furthermore, we describe several engineering strategies for improving outcomes of in situ cancer vaccines, which leverage local, intratumoral delivery to stimulate systemic immunity. Finally, we highlight recent innovations leveraging nanotechnology for increasing the immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is critical to enhancing tumor infiltration and function of T cells elicited in response to cancer vaccines. These immunoengineering strategies and tools complement ongoing advances in cancer vaccines as they reemerge as an important component of the immunotherapeutic armamentarium.
Evolution of pedal digit orientation and morphology in relation to acquisition and secondary loss of the adhesive system in geckos
Authors: Zhuang Mingna V. , Russell Anthony P. , Higham Timothy E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmong geckos, the acquisition of the adhesive system is associated with several morphological changes of the feet that are involved in the operation of the adhesive apparatus. However, analyses using a comparative framework are lacking. We applied traditional morphometrics and geometric morphometric analysis with phylogenetic comparative methods to morphological data, collected from X‐ray scans, to examine patterns of morphological evolution of the pes in association with the gain and loss of adhesive capabilities, and with habitat occupancy among 102 species of gecko. Padbearing gecko lineages tend to have shorter digits and greater inter‐digital angles than padless ones. Arboreal and saxicolous species have shorter digits than terrestrial species. Our results suggest repeated shifts that converge upon a similar padbearing morphology, with some modifications being associated with the habitat occupied. We demonstrate that functional innovation and habitat can operate on, and influence, different components of foot morphology.
Advances in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy for cancer diagnosis and staging
Authors: Chakraborty Avishek , Ghosh Aritri , Barui Ananya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is rapidly emerging as a bioanalytical tool for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The SERS‐based molecular diagnostics have progressed from proof‐of‐concept studies towards analysis in animal models as well as for in vitro clinical diagnostics in the last decade. Recently, SERS has also been implemented in screening, diagnosis, and staging of clinical cancer samples. Moreover, in vivo SERS imaging has been implemented for mapping the extent of tumor growth and metastasis; SERS nanoparticles have also enabled image‐guided therapies strongly indicating SERS technology can significantly complement the practice of oncology. Despite the progress, widespread clinical translation of SERS nanoparticles is still challenging. Current SERS strategies in diagnostic oncology require further development and standardization to progress from bench‐top to point‐of‐care applications. The present review critically analyzes the current state of the art about various strategies for SERS‐based cancer detection and staging from cellular metabolites, exosomes, circulating tumor cells, extracellular fluids, and cancer cells.
The study of METTL3 and METTL14 expressions in childhood ETV6/RUNX1‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sun Congcong , Chang Lixian , Liu Chao , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhu Xiaofan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study was aimed to explore the METTL3 and METTL14 expressions in children with ETV6/RUNX1(E/R)‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and investigate the relation between the METTL3 and METTL14 expressions with clinical features.MethodsThirty‐seven newly diagnosed E/R‐positive ALL children and six controls were included in this study. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression level of METTL3 and METTL14.ResultsAmong the 37 cases, 51.35% (n = 19) were boys and 48.65% (n = 18) were girls and the median age was 4.72 (1.72–11.99) years. Among the six controls, 50% (n = 3) were boys and 50% (n = 3) were girls and the median age was 5.24 (1.53–13.17) years. The expression level of METTL3 and METTL14 in E/R‐positive ALL patients were lower than in controls (p < .05). Although failed to achieve statistical significance, the expression level of METTL3 and METTL14 in relapse patients were lower than nonrelapse patients (p = .171, p = .150, respectively).ConclusionThe reduced levels of METTL3 and METTL14 suggest a possible role in the pathogenesis and course of E/R‐positive ALL. METTL3 and METTL14 may become new prognostic factors, and rationalize specific treatment intensification in possible E/R‐positive relapse patients.
Controlling bifurcated continuous‐mode parameter for the continual operation of Class‐F−1 15 W GaN power amplifier
Authors: Park Youngcheol , Lee Byeonguk 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, we suggest a design method for an efficient inverse Class‐F 15 W Gallium Nitride (GaN) power amplifier (PA) that is minimally sensitive to the output parasitic capacitance. By utilizing the parasitic capacitance to control the bifurcated harmonic continuous mode parameters, the suggested design makes the power amplifier operate in continuous mode so that the output power and efficiency are maintained. Therefore, PA's performance degradation and uncertainty due to the parasitic component with its distribution values can be avoided or minimized. The implemented continuous inverse Class‐F mode PA demonstrated an output power of 42 dBm at 2.1 GHz, and an efficiency of more than 60% over 1.8 GHz to 2.4 GHz with a maximum efficiency of 71.9%.