bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary bone marrow lymphoma: A hematological emergency in adults with fever of unknown origin
Authors: Wang Hao‐Yuan , Yang Ching‐Fen , Chiou Tzeon‐Jye , Gau Jyh‐Pyng , Chen Po‐Min , Tsai Chang‐Youh , Hsu Hui‐Chi , Wang Fu‐der , Liu Jin‐Hwang , Hsiao Liang‐Tsai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrimary bone marrow lymphoma (PBML) represents non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that primarily arises in the bone marrow (BM) without lymphadenopathy. This condition has various definitions and can be masked by prolonged fever, leading to delayed diagnosis. We aimed to identify clinical features and risk indicators of PBML. We enrolled 269 adults with fever of unknown origin (FUO) who underwent a BM study for potential PBML. Thirty patients were diagnosed with PBML (26 and 4 patients in the training and validation cohort, respectively), and 20 patients (67%) showed initial manifestation of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Among PBML patients in the training cohort, their median overall survival is short (8 days), with pneumonia being the most common direct cause of early mortality, followed by life‐threatening HLH. Despite extremely poor prognoses, some B‐cell PBML patients who survived 30 days after BM studies achieved long‐term survival with rituximab‐based treatment. To assist general practitioners in early PBML diagnosis when approaching adults with naïve FUO, we identified several risk indicators, including elevated serum alkaline‐phosphate levels, lowered serum immunoglobulin‐G levels, cytopenia in ≥2 lineages, and peripheral blood leukoerythroblastosis. Our recently published scoring system, which can predict hematological BM disease in FUO adults, showed excellent ability in recognizing PBML early, with high sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that PBML is a specific “clinical” phenotype of NHL; moreover, we have identified diagnostic clues for early identification of FUO adults with underlying PBML, which should be considered a hematological emergency once suspected in any adult with FUO.
High Performance of 3D Symmetric Flowerlike Sb2S3 Nanostructures in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Li Xuemin , Bai Jinwu , Zhou Bo , Yuan Xianfeng , Zhang Xiao , Liu Lu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAntimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is an important chalcogenide belonging to Group V–VI that is suitable for application as a photoelectric material in the fields of photocatalysis, photoconductive detectors, ion conductor materials, and solar energy conversion materials. Herein, a facile, one‐step hydrothermal method is used to synthesize a 3D, symmetric, flowerlike Sb2S3 nanostructure. The structure was composed of numerous nanoneedles, which provided a large void fraction and specific surface area. Characteristic mesoporous structures of the samples contribute to excellent performance. If they were used as counter electrode materials in dye‐sensitized solar cells, the photoelectric conversion efficiency was as high as 7.12 %, whereas the photoelectric conversion efficiency of platinum was only 6.46 %. Furthermore, according to the results of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectra, and Tafel polarization testing, the obtained Sb2S3 samples have better electrocatalytic activity and charge‐transfer ability than that of Pt, and thus, can be regarded as good substitutes for precious metals.
Evaluation of Aromaticity for Open‐Shell Singlet Dicyclopenta‐Fused Acenes and Polyacenes Based on a Magnetically Induced Current
Authors: Nagami Takanori , Fujiyoshi Jun‐ya , Tonami Takayoshi , Watanabe Ken‐ichiro , Yamane Masaki , Okada Kenji , Kishi Ryohei , Nakano Masayoshi , Champagne Benoît , Liégeois Vincent 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aromaticity of dicyclopenta‐fused acenes (DPAs) and polyacenes (PAs) of increasing size has been studied by evaluation with the GIMIC method at the DFT level of the magnetically‐induced currents (MICs), and by analyzing their spatial distributions. For these open‐shell singlet molecules, spin‐restricted and ‐unrestricted treatments provide very different MICs, the latter ones providing the most reliable solution. These MICs and the differences between spin‐restricted and ‐unrestricted treatments are interpreted in terms of the bond current strengths and the current gradients, which indicate the bond aromaticity and enable the spatial distributions of the diatropic and paratropic currents to be analyzed, respectively. In particular, they allow the rationalization of the MICs in correlation with the odd‐electron density distributions and their diradical characters. These calculations demonstrate that 1) in increasingly large PAs the bond current strengths get smaller and smaller than in benzene and get almost similar in the central and terminal rings, 2) for DPAs the MICs increase from dominant paratropic currents and antiaromaticity in the small compounds to diatropic currents and aromaticity in the larger ones, and 3) in the largest DPAs, the central rings are characterized by large diatropic currents and the terminal five‐membered rings, for which the odd‐electron densities are localized by weak ones.
Ultrasonic‐Assisted Wet Chemistry Synthesis of Ultrafine SnO2 Nanoparticles for the Electron‐Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shan Haiquan , Rezaee Ehsan , Leng Xin , Wang Xiang , Chen Qian , Xu Zong‐Xiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSnO2 was recently employed as an efficient electron‐transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have been reported. However, it is still challenging to fabricate SnO2 thin films through facile solution‐based synthesis at low temperature (<150 °C) to be compatible with the large scale module fabrication, especially for flexible devices. Here, we report a low temperature solution‐based method for preparation of SnO2 nanoparticles. Ultrasonic‐assisted wet chemistry synthesis of ultrafine SnO2 nanocrystals with particle size ranging from 2 to 5 nm was achieved by employing a SnCl4⋅5 H2O solution in a mixed ethanol–water solution and with no annealing step. The crystallinity and microstructure of the SnO2 nanoparticles were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis. The added water in ethanol and increased pH values were demonstrated as two key factors to successful fabrication of highly crystallized samples with high reproducability. An efficiency of 16.56 % was achieved for PSCs based on SnO2 nanoparticles synthesized by ultrasonic‐assisted wet chemistry.
A randomized controlled trial of unguided internet cognitive–behavioral treatment for perfectionism in individuals who engage in regular exercise
Authors: Valentine Emily G. , Bodill Kate O. , Watson Hunna J. , Hagger Martin S. , Kane Robert T. , Anderson Rebecca A. , Egan Sarah J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveClinical perfectionism has been found to be a risk and maintaining factor in eating disorders (EDs), compulsive exercise, and athlete burnout. This study investigated whether an unguided internet cognitive–behavioral treatment (ICBT) for perfectionism would reduce ED pathology, compulsive exercise, and burnout in individuals who engage in regular exercise.MethodParticipants were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 38) or waitlist control (n =29). A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) analysis was conducted pre and post treatment. A follow‐up analysis was conducted with the intervention group at 3 and 6 months.ResultsThe intervention group experienced a significant reduction in perfectionism (FMPS‐CM: F[1,117] = 17.53, p = < .001, Cohen's d = .82), ED symptomology (EDE‐Q: F[1,55] = 7.27, p = .009,Cohen's d = .53) and compulsive exercise (CET: F[1,116] = 10.33, p < .001,Cohen's d = .63). The changes attained post‐treatment were maintained within the intervention group at 3‐month (FMPS‐CM (t[1,100] = 3.67, p < . 001, Cohen's d = .85) (EDE‐Q (t[1,50] = 2.20, p = .03, Cohen's d = 1.26) and 6‐month follow‐up (FMPS (t[1,100] = 2.74, p = 007, Cohen's d = .70) (EDE‐Q (t[1,50] = 2.18, p = .03, Cohen's d = 1.26).DiscussionThe results indicate unguided ICBT for perfectionism can have a significant impact on perfectionism, compulsive exercise, and ED symptomatology.
Range extension of a boreal amphipod Gammarus oceanicus in the warming Arctic
Authors: Węsławski Jan Marcin , Dragańska‐Deja Katarzyna , Legeżyńska Joanna , Walczowski Waldemar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe recent (2008–2016) occurrence of a boreal intertidal amphipod Gammarus oceanicus along the Spitsbergen coast is compared with corresponding data from 1980 to 1994. We aimed to compare the pace of environmental changes in the area (ice retreat, temperature increase) with distribution change of G. oceanicus. Material for the study was collected from intertidal, at low water level from over 100 locations on Spitsbergen, the main island of Svalbard archipelago (expanding from 76 to 80°N). The west coast of the island has been exposed to a steady increase in sea surface and air temperature (2°C in 20 years), as well as a significant decrease in fast ice duration (from over 5 months to less than 1 per year). A total length of more than 3,600 km of the island's coastline has been recently impacted by warming. Of the two sibling Gammarus species that dwell in the Spitsbergen littoral, G. setosus, the local cold water species remains generally where it was observed about 20–30 years ago. By contrast, boreal G. oceanicus has expanded its distribution range by over 1,300 km along the west and north coasts of Spitsbergen and gained dominating position on the number of sites, where it was previously just an occasional species.
Habitat mapping of riverine fish by means of hydromorphological tools
Authors: Baranya Sándor , Fleit Gábor , Józsa János , Szalóky Zoltán , Tóth Balázs , Czeglédi István , Erős Tibor 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHydromorphological features of rivers, such as flow depth, flow velocity, and the composition of bed material play a crucial role in the habitat selection of fish. Although these basic hydromorphological parameters can be determined with high spatial and temporal resolution using state‐of‐the‐art investigation methods, only few studies deal with the connection of habitat parameters and abundance of fishes (i.e., habitat modelling) in large rivers. The aim of this study is to fill this gap by introducing the so‐called habitat maps connecting the results of 3D hydrodynamic simulations and results of offshore fish ecological surveys. The steps of habitat modelling are introduced through the case study of the Danube River focusing on evaluating the habitat use and suitability of two fish species representative to this section of the river (i.e., the round goby Neogobius melanostomus and the Danube streber Zingel streber). A novel method for mapping the bed material composition, playing a crucial role in the habitat assessment, is also presented along the numerical modelling.
Beliefs about back pain and pain management behaviours, and their associations in the general population: A systematic review
Authors: Morton L. , de Bruin M. , Krajewska M. , Whibley D. , Macfarlane G.J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrevious mass media campaigns have aimed to influence how people manage back pain, with mixed success. Campaigns should target beliefs which are related to the behaviours they aim to change. This systematic review brings together research that has measured the prevalence of beliefs about back pain in the general population and factors associated with these beliefs, including future pain‐related outcomes. Five databases were searched up until April 2017. Quantitative studies which reported a measure of agreement with a belief about back pain, cross‐sectional associations, or associations between beliefs and future outcomes were eligible. Eligibility was assessed and data extracted independently by two authors. Results were tabulated and narratively synthesized. Nineteen studies from 10 countries were eligible (median study n [IQR] = 990.5 [524.75–2387.5]). Beliefs were measured using eight questionnaires and 57 stand‐alone items. Beliefs about back pain's negative consequences were common across countries and populations, whereas most samples did not hold fear‐avoidance beliefs. Beliefs about back pain's consequences were associated with pain and disability, but only one study investigated this specific relationship prospectively. No studies investigated whether beliefs are associated with future pain management behaviours. Agreement with certain beliefs (e.g. about negative consequences) was associated with sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. older age) and poorer self‐rated health. Interventions may benefit from targeting beliefs about the perceived negative consequences of back pain in these populations. However, future research should explore how beliefs prospectively influence the management of back pain.SignificanceThis review brings together studies which have assessed the prevalence of beliefs about back pain, and factors associated with holding them. It highlights that whether or not these beliefs represent important determinants of how people manage pain remains unknown.
Preparation, flame retardancy, and thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane containing phosphonated bisphenol‐A units
Authors: Niu Xianglian , Nie Zubao , Wang Guiyou 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA novel phosphonated bisphenol‐A glycol (3001‐OH) was synthesized by the ring opening reaction between α,ω‐phenol‐terminated aromatic polyphosphonate and propylene oxide. 3001‐OH was then incorporated into polyurethanes (PUs) as soft segments, and the effects of 3001‐OH on the flame retardancy and thermal and mechanical properties of PUs were investigated. The tensile strength and Young modulus of PUs are improved with the incorporation of 3001‐OH into the PUs. With the increase of 3001‐OH content in the PUs, the glass transition temperature of the soft segments increases, and the phase separation degree between the hard and soft segments decreases. The limiting oxygen index values of PUs increase from 23.1% to 29.6%, while total heat release values from micro‐scale combustion calorimeter decrease from 24.3 to 21.5 kJ g−1. And the PUs containing phosphorus element successfully met UL‐94 V‐0 rating requirements. The thermal degradation behaviors and flame retardant mechanism of 3001‐OH were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry coupled with the morphology and chemical analysis of the char residues. The results confirm that 3001‐OH exerts gaseous‐phase and condensed‐phase flame retardant effects on the PUs.
Numerical Investigation of Convergent and Divergent Parallel Flow Fields for PEMFCs
Authors: Timurkutluk B. , Chowdhury M. Z. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, the classical parallel flow field pattern is modified by a convergent and divergent design concept for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The modification is achieved by varying the channel depth with different constant inclination gradients from the inlet to the outlet, along with the bipolar plate width which creates either a convergent or divergent flow field depending on the position of the inlet and outlet selected. The numerical model is solved to predict the cell performance including the mass transport, water vapor concentration and, pressure and current density distribution for the flow fields. The numerical results reveal that the modified convergent parallel flow fields have a better mass transport and water removal characteristics than those in the conventional one, whereas mal‐distribution of species and excessive water concentration occur in the conventional and divergent parallel flow fields. Introducing convergent parallel flow field design concept not only minimizes these issues but the cell power density is also improved by a maximum of 16%, which can show a new window in PEMFC flow field design concept.
Critical Literacy for Culturally Diverse Teenagers: “I've Learned Something That Is Actually Useful”
Authors: Poulus David , Exley Beryl 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe authors describe how one teacher scaffolded his 16‐ and 17‐year‐old English communications students to identify the subtle techniques of persuasion in a news report. Situated in an Australian public secondary school, these students were not following a tertiary entrance pathway, but the teacher still wanted them to develop critical literacy skills. The teaching focus was on increasing students’ understandings of the power of language used in a news report through the development of a technical metalanguage. The authors outline seven activities in which the teacher helped his students analyze exchanges in text and the social constructions of identity. Attention is drawn to the role of facilitated discussion, where the teacher has depth of knowledge of a functional model of language. This focus on critical literacy allowed the students to engage with substantive issues and complex texts and to also unite over a common issue.
Allylthioketone Mediating Radical Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Zhong Feng , Hong Chun‐Yan , Pan Cai‐Yuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBy combination of high trapping radical efficiency of thioketone with resonance of allylic radicals, a novel mediated agent, 1,3,3‐triphenylprop‐2‐ene‐1‐thione (TPPT) is successfully synthesized. The results of studying TPPT‐mediated radical polymerization of styrene (St) respectively at 70 °C and 100 °C reveal that at 70 °C, the monomer conversion is very low (less than 5%), the molecular weights do not change obviously with the monomer conversion, and their molecular weights are also low. However, the polymerization at 100 °C displays first‐order kinetics and a linear increase of the molecular weight with conversion. Several methods are used to study polymerization mechanisms and the results are interesting. The TPPT can efficiently capture the growing PS radicals to form PS‐TPPT radicals, this highly stable radical can be cross‐terminated by the primary radical R• (or the growing PS radicals) to form PS‐TPPT‐R (or PS‐TPPT‐PS), but this termination reaction is irreversible, and the dormant PS‐TPPT‐PS chains cannot be cleaved to regenerate the propagating radicals in the polymerization at 70 °C. However, the growing PS radical can be regenerated from the dormant chains at 100 °C, and the factors influencing the polymerization of St are studied.
Motor unit number estimation of human abductor hallucis from a compound muscle action potential scan
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Zong Ya , Klein Cliff S. , Zhou Ping 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: This study performed motor unit number estimation (MUNE) of the abductor hallucis (AH) muscle from 16 healthy control participants on the basis of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scan. Methods: Muscle responses to electrical stimuli ranging from subthreshold to supramaximal intensity were recorded, and MUNE was determined from a model of the responses (MScanFit program). Results: The average CMAP amplitude and MUNE of the AH for the right and left sides combined were 19.6 ± 0.75 mV and 127 ± 5 (mean ± SE), respectively. Discussion: Findings of the study provide useful information about the motor unit number of the AH. Muscle Nerve 58: 735–737, 2018
Facile Electrochemical Intramolecular Amination of Urea‐Tethered Terminal Alkenes for the Synthesis of Cyclic Ureas
Authors: Ahmed Nisar , Khatoon Saira 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFacile intramolecular amination of unactivated alkenes has been achieved by using electricity as a catalyst that helps to generate an intermediate and accelerates formation of cyclic ureas in high yields. Using this method, no metal catalysts were used. During electrolysis, a nitrogen radical was formed at the urea substrate that cyclised with the alkene and generated a terminal carbon radical which further formed a bond with the 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl radical (TEMPO). This method of electrolysis not only gives cyclic ureas but also functionalises terminal unactivated alkenes. This method can be considered to be environmentally friendly given that it avoids the issues of toxicity or complicated metal ligands and could therefore be potentially employed in green chemistry.
Property enhancement in polypropylene ternary blend nanocomposites via a novel poly(ethylene oxide)‐grafted polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene/butylene)‐block‐polystyrene toughener–compatibilizer system
Authors: Tekay Emre , Başkır Serap , Nugay Nihan , Nugay Turgut , Ortaç Bülend , Şen Sinan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSynthesis and characterization of a novel toughener–compatibilizer for polypropylene (PP)–montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were conducted to provide enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks were synthetically grafted onto maleic anhydride‐grafted polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene/butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS‐g‐MA). Special attention was paid to emphasize the effect of PEO‐grafted SEBS (SEBS‐g‐PEO) against SEBS‐g‐MA on morphology, static/dynamic mechanical properties and surface hydrophilicity of the resultant blends and nanocomposites. It was found that the silicate layers of neat MMT are well separated by PEO chains chemically bonded to nonpolar SEBS polymer without needing any organophilic modification of the clay as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses. From scanning electron microscopy analyses, elastomeric domains interacting with MMT layers via PEO sites were found to be distributed in the PP matrix with higher number and smaller sizes than the corresponding blend. As a benefit of PEO grafting, SEBS‐g‐PEO‐containing nanocomposite exhibited not only higher toughness/impact strength but also increased creep recovery, as compared to corresponding SEBS‐g‐MA‐containing nanocomposite and neat PP. The damping parameter of the same nanocomposite was also found to be high in a broad range of temperatures as another advantage of the SEBS‐g‐PEO toughener–compatibilizer. The water contact angles of the blends and nanocomposites were found to be lower than that of neat hydrophobic PP which is desirable for finishing processes such as dyeing and coating. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry