bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites and assay validation: Stress response evaluation in captive brown howler monkeys (Alouatta clamitans)
Authors: Eleonora Madeira Buti Thais , Kugelmeier Tatiana , Sobral Gisela , Viau Furtado Priscila , do Valle Dutra de Andrade Neves Dafne , Alvarenga de Oliveira Claudio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe advent of non‐invasive methods provides a powerful alternative to stress studies as the use of stressful handling techniques is no longer needed. However, many factors influence hormone metabolism such as sex, diet, and metabolic rate. Thus, validation should be species‐ and matrix‐specific.MethodsTo assess stress response in brown howler monkeys Alouatta clamitans, we adopted an ACTH challenge test and parallelism to provide physiological and laboratorial validation. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure fecal levels of corticosterone.Results and ConclusionsAll challenged animals presented a peak in fecal glucocorticoids levels the day after the treatment, while control animals did not. There were no significant sex differences, but females with infants had higher levels of corticosterone. Corticosterone levels showed parallelism to the standard curve of the diagnostics kit. Collectively, the data suggest that the method was validated and is useful for monitoring stress, thereby helping in conservation programs both in captivity and in the wild. Transit time information may be coupled with travel distance in seed dispersal studies.
External details revisited – A new taxonomy for coding ‘non‐episodic’ content during autobiographical memory retrieval
Authors: Strikwerda‐Brown Cherie , Mothakunnel Annu , Hodges John R. , Piguet Olivier , Irish Muireann 
Published: April 2018

Autobiographical memory (ABM) is typically held to comprise episodic and semantic elements, with the vast majority of studies to date focusing on profiles of episodic details in health and disease. In this context, ‘non‐episodic’ elements are often considered to reflect semantic processing or are discounted from analyses entirely. Mounting evidence suggests that rather than reflecting one unitary entity, semantic autobiographical information may contain discrete subcomponents, which vary in their relative degree of semantic or episodic content. This study aimed to (1) review the existing literature to formally characterize the variability in analysis of ‘non‐episodic’ content (i.e., external details) on the Autobiographical Interview and (2) use these findings to create a theoretically grounded framework for coding external details. Our review exposed discrepancies in the reporting and interpretation of external details across studies, reinforcing the need for a new, consistent approach. We validated our new external details scoring protocol (the ‘NExt’ taxonomy) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 18) and semantic dementia (n = 13), and 20 healthy older Control participants and compared profiles of the NExt subcategories across groups and time periods. Our results revealed increased sensitivity of the NExt taxonomy in discriminating between ABM profiles of patient groups, when compared to traditionally used internal and external detail metrics. Further, remote and recent autobiographical memories displayed distinct compositions of the NExt detail types. This study is the first to provide a fine‐grained and comprehensive taxonomy to parse external details into intuitive subcategories and to validate this protocol in neurodegenerative disorders.
Capitalist food production and the rise of legal adulteration: Regulating food standards in 19th‐century Britain
Authors: Rioux Sébastien 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper argues that food adulteration is constitutive of capitalist food production. Through an analysis of the plasticity of legal reasoning on food regulations during the second half of the 19th century in Britain, the paper demonstrates the key role of the state in enforcing the distinction between legal and illegal forms of food adulteration, which is essential to understand contemporary dynamics in food production.
Experimental evidence on tax salience and tax incidence
Authors: Morone Andrea , Nemore Francesco , Nuzzo Simone 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough a basic theoretical principle in public economics assumes that individuals optimize fully with respect to the introduction of a tax, a growing body of research is proving that several heuristics are in place when people take decisions. We re‐examine the well known liability side equivalence principle in the light of the concept of salience. While these two topics have been extensively investigated in isolation, this paper innovates on the previous literature in that it focuses on their joint effects. Is tax incidence dependent on whether the subjects face a salient rather than a nonsalient tax? Does the salience of a tax exert a different effect depending on who is legally committed to bear the tax burden? We address these questions through a laboratory experiment in which one unit of a fictitious good is being traded through a double‐auction market institution. Based on a panel data analysis, our contribution shows that point of collection matters and determines the economic incidence of tax. Additionally, we find that the joint effect of salience and statutory incidence does not alter the informative efficiency, but has a positive effect on buyers’ allocational efficiency when the tax is levied on sellers.
Experimental myopia increases and scleral crosslinking using genipin inhibits cyclic softening in the tree shrew sclera
Authors: Levy Alexander M. , Fazio Massimo A. , Grytz Rafael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeMyopia progression is thought to involve biomechanical weakening of the sclera, which leads to irreversible deformations and axial elongation of the eye. Scleral crosslinking has been proposed as a potential treatment option for myopia control by strengthening the mechanically weakened sclera. The biomechanical mechanism by which the sclera weakens during myopia and strengthens after crosslinking is not fully understood. Here, we assess the effect of lens‐induced myopia and exogenous crosslinking using genipin on the inelastic mechanical properties of the tree shrew sclera measured by cyclic tensile tests.MethodsCyclic tensile tests were performed on 2‐mm wide scleral strips at physiological loading conditions (50 cycles, 0–3.3 g, 30 s cycle−1). Two scleral strips were obtained from each eye of juvenile tree shrews exposed to two different visual conditions: normal and 4 days of monocular −5 D lens wear to accelerate scleral remodelling and induce myopia. Scleral strips were mechanically tested at three alternative conditions: immediately after enucleation; after incubation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 24 h at 37°C; and after incubation for 24 h in PBS supplemented with genipin at a low cytotoxicity concentration (0.25 mm). Cyclic softening was defined as the incremental strain increase from one cycle to the next.Results−5D lens treatment significantly increased the cyclic softening response of the sclera when compared to contralateral control eyes (0.10% ± 0.029%, mean ± standard error, P = 0.037). Exogenous crosslinking of the lens treated sclera significantly decreased the cyclic softening response (−0.12% ± 0.014%, P = 2.2 × 10−5). Contrary to all other groups, the genipin‐cross‐linked tissue did not exhibit cyclic softening significantly different from zero within the 50‐cycle test.ConclusionsResults indicated that cyclic tensile loading leads to an inelastic, cyclic softening of the juvenile tree shrew sclera. The softening rate increased during lens‐induced myopia and was diminished after genipin crosslinking. This finding suggests that axial elongation in myopia may involve a biomechanical weakening mechanism that increased the cyclic softening response of the sclera, which was inhibited by scleral crosslinking using genipin.
Safety and efficacy following 10‐years of overnight orthokeratology for myopia control
Authors: Hiraoka Takahiro , Sekine Yasuo , Okamoto Fumiki , Mihashi Toshifumi , Oshika Tetsuro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare rates of myopia progression and adverse events between orthokeratology (OK) and soft contact lens (SCL) wearers over a 10‐year period in schoolchildren.MethodsMedical records of consecutive patients (≤16 years of age at baseline) who startedOKfor myopia correction and continued the treatment for 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. For the control group, patients who started using soft contact lenses (SCLs) for myopia correction and continued to use them for 10 years were also reviewed. Clinical data, including sex, age, manifest refraction, visual acuity, prescription lens power, and adverse events during the 10‐year period, were recorded. Estimated myopia progression was calculated as the sum of ‘changes in prescription lens power during 10 years’ and ‘residual refractive errors at the 10‐year visit,’ and was compared between groups. We also compared the incidence of adverse events between groups over the 10‐year study period.ResultsA total of 104 eyes of 53 patients who underwentOKtreatment and 78 eyes of 39 patients who woreSCLs fulfilled the criteria. The estimated myopia progression over the 10‐year period found in theOKandSCLgroups were −1.26 ± 0.98 and −1.79 ± 1.24 days, respectively; this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Additionally, lower myopia progression was found in theOKin comparison to theSCLgroup at all baseline ages (p = 0.003 top = 0.049) except at 16 years old (p = 0.41). No significant difference was found in the number of adverse events found between theOK(119) andSCL(103) groups (p = 0.72).ConclusionsThe results of this study supports the long‐term efficacy and safety ofOKlens wear in reducing myopia progression in schoolchildren.
EAACI/ENDA Position Paper: Diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity reactions to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in children and adolescents
Authors: Kidon Mona , Blanca‐Lopez Natalia , Gomes Eva , Terreehorst Ingrid , Tanno Luciana , Ponvert Claude , Chin Chiang Wen , Caubet Jean Christoph , Soyer Ozge , Mori Francesca , Blanca Miguel , Atanaskovic‐Markovic Marina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in the pediatric population as antipyretics/analgesics and anti‐inflammatory medications. Hypersensitivity (HS) reactions to NSAID in this age group, while similar to adults, have unique diagnostic and management issues. Although slowly accumulating, published data in this age group are still relatively rare and lacking a unifying consensus. This work is a summary of current knowledge and consensus recommendations utilizing both published data and expert opinion from the European Network of Drug Allergy (ENDA) and the Drug Hypersensitivity interest group in the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). This position paper summarizes diagnostic and management guidelines for children and adolescents with NSAIDs hypersensitivity.
Growth, body composition, and bone density following pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Sheikh Amin , Cundy Tim , Evans Helen Maria 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPatients transplanted for cholestatic liver disease are often significantly fat‐soluble vitamin deficient and malnourished pretransplant, with significant corticosteroid exposure post‐transplant, with increasing evidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome post‐LT. Our study aimed to assess growth, body composition, and BMD in patients post‐pediatric LT. Body composition and bone densitometry scans were performed on 21 patients. Pre‐ and post‐transplant anthropometric data were analyzed. Bone health was assessed using serum ALP, calcium, phosphate, and procollagen‐1‐N‐peptide levels. Median ages at transplant and at this assessment were 2.7 and 10.6 years, respectively. Physiological markers of bone health, median z‐scores for total body, and lumbar spine aBMD were normal. Bone area was normal for height and BMAD at L3 was normal for age, indicating, respectively, normal cortical and trabecular bone accrual. Median z‐scores for weight, height, and BMI were 0.6, −0.9, 1.8 and 0.6, 0.1, 0.8 pre‐ and post‐transplant, respectively. Total body fat percentages measured on 21 body composition scans revealed 2 underweight, 7 normal, 6 overweight, and 6 obese. Bone mass is preserved following pediatric LT with good catch‐up height. About 52% of patients were either overweight/obese post‐transplant, potentially placing them at an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and its sequelae in later life. BMI alone is a poor indicator of nutritional status post‐transplant.
Coverage and Campaign Coffers in 2012: Enduring Strategies and Changes in Presidential Primaries
Authors: Cassino Dan 
Published: April 2018

Mutz’s seminal work on the effect of media coverage on campaign contributions is now more than 20 years old. Using a combination of Federal Election Commission contribution data, aggregated polling data, and analysis of media content from news broadcasts, Tobit regression analysis is used to determine which factors led small and large contributors to give money to candidates in the 2012 Republican presidential primary. The results largely confirm Mutz’s findings, showing the highly strategic behavior of both small and large contributors, though large contributors seem to be much more effective in giving money where it is likely to make a difference.
Competence and frequency of provision of spiritual care by nurses in the Netherlands
Authors: Vogel Annemieke , Schep‐Akkerman Annemiek E. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundSpiritual care to patients is important for their well‐being, and nurses do have a crucial role in it. Previous research focused on self‐assessed competence in providing spiritual care, but little is known about the actual provision. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to evaluate how often nurses provide spiritual care, (ii) if or which association there is between self‐assessed competency and provision of spiritual care, and (iii) to study which factors do have influence on delivering spiritual care.MethodA quantitative study was designed. Nurses were asked to complete a questionnaire. Self‐assessment of spiritual care competence and actions was evaluated with the Spiritual Care Competence Scale New: a 27 items questionnaire on competence (SCCS‐can) and frequency (SCCS‐do) of providing spiritual care, measured with a five‐point Likert scale. Mean competence score and frequency of provision were calculated, next to the correlation between those two. Several factors (mean SCCS‐can, gender, age, education level, experience, life view, personal spirituality (measured on a 1–10 scale)) were included in regression analysis to study factors of influence on actual provision of spiritual care (measured with SCCS‐do).ResultsA total of 104 completed questionnaires have been analysed. Mean score on the SCCS‐can was 3.9, and on the SCCS‐do 3.2. This means that nurses state they are highly competent in delivering spiritual care and provide this monthly. The Pearson correlation between SCCS‐can and SCCS‐do was 0.50, which means the higher the score on SCCS‐can, the higher the score on SCCS‐do. Regression analysis shows that the self‐assessed competence of spiritual care (SCCS‐can) and the personal spirituality are significant predictors of the outcome SCCS‐do.ConclusionThe better the nurses think they can provide spiritual care, the more they say they practise it. Regression analysis supports this: the factors of influence on provision of spiritual care are self‐assessed competence and personal spirituality.
Poisoning Severity Associated with a Range of Medications in Suicide Attempts by Ingestion
Authors: Conner Kenneth R. , Wiegand Timothy J. , Gorodetsky Rachel , Schult Rachel F. , Kaukeinen Kimberly 
Published: April 2018

There are limited data on the medical severity of suicide attempts by intentional self‐poisoning (ISP) associated with ingestion of differing classes of medications and meager data on specific agents. The purpose of the study was to address these gaps. This was an analysis of a consecutive series of ISP cases ages 13 to 65 treated at a U.S. university medical center (N = 671). The outcome, poisoning severity, was dichotomized as “moderate‐severe” and “low” (reference) based on a standard measure. Class of medication (e.g., opiate) and specific agents ingested were the predictors of interest. Covariates were age, sex, and the ingestion of multiple classes of medications. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. At the class level, ingestion of opiate was uniquely associated with increased risk for moderate‐severe ISP at a statistically significant level, adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) = 2.97 (1.69, 5.21), p = .0002. Several specific agents were also associated with moderate‐severe ISP. Along with the key role of opiate medications in unintentional overdose morbidity and mortality, opiate medications may also play an important and largely unrecognized role in medically serious suicidal behavior. Results also underscore the variability in toxicity of specific agents within drug classes.
Interseason variability in isokinetic strength and poor correlation with Nordic hamstring eccentric strength in football players
Authors: van Dyk N. , Witvrouw E. , Bahr R. 
Published: April 2018

In elite sport, the use of strength testing to establish muscle function and performance is common. Traditionally, isokinetic strength tests have been used, measuring torque during concentric and eccentric muscle action. A device that measures eccentric hamstring muscle strength while performing the Nordic hamstring exercise is now also frequently used. The study aimed to investigate the variability of isokinetic muscle strength over time, for example, between seasons, and the relationship between isokinetic testing and the new Nordic hamstring exercise device. All teams (n = 18) eligible to compete in the premier football league in Qatar underwent a comprehensive strength assessment during their periodic health evaluation at Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital in Qatar. Isokinetic strength was investigated for measurement error, and correlated to Nordic hamstring exercise strength. Of the 529 players included, 288 players had repeated tests with 1/2 seasons between test occasions. Variability (measurement error) between test occasions was substantial, as demonstrated by the measurement error (approximately 25 Nm, 15%), whether separated by 1 or 2 seasons. Considering hamstring injuries, the same pattern was observed among injured (n = 60) and uninjured (n = 228) players. A poor correlation (r = .35) was observed between peak isokinetic hamstring eccentric torque and Nordic hamstring exercise peak force. The strength imbalance between limbs calculated for both test modes was not correlated (r = .037). There is substantial intraindividual variability in all isokinetic test measures, whether separated by 1 or 2 seasons, irrespective of injury. Also, eccentric hamstring strength and limb‐to‐limb imbalance were poorly correlated between the isokinetic and Nordic hamstring exercise tests.
Assessing the performance of constructed wetland for water quality management of a Southern Mediterranean river
Authors: Abi Saab Marie Therese , Jammoul Doha , Makhlouf Hassane , Fahed Salim , Lebbous Nada , Hajjar Celine , Abi Saad Roula , Younes Mohamed , Hajj Mohamad , Todorovic Mladen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMost of Southern Mediterranean water courses suffer from numerous types of pollution. This study presents a comprehensive performance assessment of a pilot CW system for removing various contaminants from the Litani River, Lebanon. The physico‐chemical, pathogens and trace metal parameters were analyzed for river water as well as for the wetland effluent. Results revealed that the average removal efficiencies were 87.01% for COD, 64.99% for BOD5, 86.18% for TSS, 43.11% for NO3N, 34.82% for NH4N, 55.07% for PO4P and 73.05% for K. The removal efficiency of faecal coliforms was around 99.84%. Influent and effluent heavy metal pollution (Cu, Pb, As and Ni) concentrations greatly exceeded the range of the environmental limit values due to industrial emissions in river water. CWs seem to be a promising green technology for Lebanon for the reduction of bacterial contamination. Further studies are required to improve treatment modules for different pollutants, including metals.
A Population Pharmacokinetic Model for a Solid Oral Tablet Formulation of Posaconazole
Authors: van Iersel Marlou L. P. S. , Rossenu Stefaan , de Greef Rik , Waskin Hetty 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
A delayed-release solid tablet formulation that releases posaconazole in the small intestine was developed to maximize systemic absorption. This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of the posaconazole solid tablet formulation in adult subjects and to investigate the potential impact of demographic and clinical factors on posaconazole exposure through a population pharmacokinetic approach. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was performed using data from several studies conducted in healthy volunteers and patients. The influence of demographic and clinical factors on pharmacokinetic parameters was evaluated using a stepwise forward inclusion/backward exclusion procedure. The final pharmacokinetic model was used to simulate posaconazole exposure in patients at high risk for invasive fungal diseases treated with the proposed posaconazole dose of 300 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by 300 mg daily for 27 days. A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model with sequential zero-order and first-order absorption and a first-order disposition from the central compartment adequately described the pharmacokinetic profile of the posaconazole solid tablet formulation. Significant covariates included disease state (acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplasia versus allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation), body weight, and formulation on bioavailability; food status on first-order absorption rate; and dosing regimen (a single dose versus multiple doses) on clearance. Except for body weight, the impact of these covariates on posaconazole exposure was considered clinically irrelevant. This population pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed that the proposed dose of the posaconazole solid tablet formulation provides adequate target therapeutic exposure (>0.5 mg/liter) to a broad range of patients at high risk for invasive fungal disease.
Draft Genome Sequence of Paucibacter aquatile CR182
T
, a Strain with Antimicrobial Activity Isolated from Freshwater of Nakdong River in South Korea
Authors: Chung Eu Jin , Choi Gang-Guk , Nam Young-Ho , Choi Ahyoung 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

This report details a draft genome sequence of
Paucibacter aquatile
CR182
T
, isolated from river water, which contains 5,523,543 bp, has a G+C content of 66.3%, and harbors 4,544 protein-coding genes in 4 contigs. These genome data provide insights into the genetic basis of this strain’s antibacterial activity and adaptive mechanisms.
Draft Genome Sequence of Plant Growth-Promoting Burkholderia sp. Strain BE12, Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Maize
Authors: Esmaeel Qassim , Sanchez Lisa , Robineau Mathilde , Dorey Stephan , Clément Christophe , Jacquard Cédric , Barka Essaid Ait 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia
sp. strain BE12, isolated from a French agricultural soil, possesses antifungal activity against a set of phytopathogenic fungi and has friendly interactions with grapevine. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of BE12, along with genes related to plant growth-promoting traits and siderophores that this strain contains, supporting its plant growth and antifungal activities.