bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily Activity Patterns and Overlap Activity of Medium–Large Mammals in Sülüklü Lake Nature Park, Western Black Sea Region, Türkiye
Authors: Yildiz Fehmi , Uzun Ali 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTürkiye, due to its position as a bridge between Asia and Europe, encompassing three distinct biogeographic regions and its diverse climatic conditions and geographical features, exhibits the characteristics of a small continent in terms of biodiversity, hosting a very high number of mammalian species. However, information on these mammals' activity patterns and co‐occurrence, specifically in Türkiye, is limited. Our study aimed to reveal the daily activity patterns and temporal overlaps of mammalian species detected using camera traps in Sülüklü Lake Nature Park. The white‐breasted hedgehog was strictly nocturnal, while the European badger, gray wolf, European hare, wild boar, and beech marten tended to be nocturnal. The Caucasian squirrel was strictly diurnal, and the roe deer tended to be diurnal. The highest temporal overlap was found between the white‐breasted hedgehog and the beech marten (∆4 = 0.84, 95% CI), followed by the red fox and roe deer (∆1 = 0.77, 95% CI). The lowest temporal overlap (∆1 = 0.081, 95% CI) was found between the white‐breasted hedgehog and the Caucasian squirrel. The second lowest overlap (∆1 = 0.136, 95% CI) occurred between the Caucasian squirrel and the European badger. Our findings have provided new and detailed insights into the diversity of mammalian species within the nature park located in Northwestern Anatolia. These data will support and facilitate future research aimed at understanding the mechanisms of species coexistence in this ecosystem. The results obtained will enable a deeper examination of ecosystem dynamics and contribute to developing strategies for biodiversity conservation.
Unveiling Phytoplankton Diversity: Taxonomy, Functional Groups, and Environmental Drivers in North China Lakes
Authors: Wang Wei , Huang Hanjie , He Zhongshi , Zhang Guotao , Lv Junping , Liu Qi , Nan Fangru , Liu Xudong , Xie Shulian , Feng Jia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFunctional groups (FGs) represent a classification scheme designed to study the ecological adaptations of phytoplankton. However, FG dynamics studies in phytoplankton are often conducted independent of taxonomic studies, so the factors influencing community dynamics have not been sufficiently investigated or compared between the two classification systems. In this study, we compared the intricate relationship between taxonomic and FG compositions in North China lakes and delve into the key environmental drivers shaping phytoplankton community dynamics. This investigation revealed that taxonomic and FG classifications exhibit high qualitative and quantitative similarities in the community structure. Environmental drivers had a stronger influence on the FG structure than taxonomic composition, indicating that the FG classification does not result in the loss of ecological information regarding the community structure, even with the reduced number of grouping units. Indeed, it was evident that FGs contained a larger quantity of ecological information. These conclusions were further verified using lakes in eastern China. Additionally, we found that climatic–geographical factors usually exerted indirect influences, by altering water chemistry, while water chemical factors had more direct and stronger influences. The combined effects of both types of environmental factors had a greater impact on the phytoplankton FG structure than on taxonomic composition. In conclusion, we believe that an in‐depth study of FGs will better focus on the ecological characteristics of phytoplankton, while also avoiding the need for extensive species identification.
Carbon dioxide fluxes and the dominant role of vegetation in recently created and reference Gulf Coast marshes
Authors: Muench A. , Elsey‐Quirk T. , White J. R. , DeLaune R. D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCoastal wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems on Earth with the capacity to sequester large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). Wetland loss due to anthropogenic and natural causes reduces the carbon (C) storage capacity and potentially releases previously fixed C in biomass and soil to the water column and atmosphere through decomposition. Coastal wetland restoration has the potential to mitigate some of the C losses depending on the balance of C fluxes. However, the role of vegetation and environmental conditions in governing rates of C accumulation in restoration sites is not well resolved. The purpose of this study was to examine seasonal C fluxes, specifically, gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in unvegetated and vegetated (Spartina alterniflora) areas of a 2‐year old created marsh, and S. alterniflora and Spartina patens communities in a “natural” reference brackish marsh. S. alterniflora‐dominated areas were sinks for CO2 in both the newly created and reference marsh with an average CO2 uptake rate of 7.0 ± 1.0 μmol m−2 s−1. The unvegetated areas in the newly created marsh and S. patens areas in the reference marsh had approximately net neutral CO2 fluxes. S. alterniflora areas of the created marsh had similar carbon fluxes to that in the reference marsh, despite a much lower soil organic matter content. Because vegetation develops much faster than soil properties, restored marshes can be a C sink equivalent to natural marshes as soon as the marsh is vegetated. Ecosystem productivity and C assimilation in S. alterniflora areas of the reference marsh were enhanced by lower elevations (up to 6 cm) and higher soil bulk density (up to 0.28 g cm−3). At similar elevations, S. alterniflora in both the created and reference marshes was a greater C sink than S. patens areas of the reference marsh. Our findings illustrate that establishment of vegetation is critical to promoting C sink functions in created marshes and, notably, species do matter.
From ecological menace to roadside attraction: 28 years of evidence support successful biocontrol of purple loosestrife
Authors: Blossey Bernd , Nuzzo Victoria , Endriss Stacy B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroduction and spread of non‐native plants provide ecologists and evolutionary biologists with abundant scientific opportunities. However, land managers charged with preventing ecological impacts face financial and logistical challenges to reduce threats by introduced species. The available toolbox (chemical, mechanical, or biological) is also rather limited. Failure to permanently suppress introduced species by mechanical and chemical treatments may result in biocontrol programs using host‐specific insect herbivores. Regardless of the chosen method, long‐term assessment of management outcomes on both the target species and associated biota should be an essential component of management programs. However, data to assess whether management results in desirable outcomes beyond short‐term reductions of the target plant are limited. Here, we use implementation of a biocontrol program targeting a widespread wetland invader, Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife), in North America to track outcomes on the target plant over more than two decades in New York State. After extensive testing, two leaf‐feeding beetles (Galerucella calmariensis and Galerucella pusilla; hereafter “Galerucella”), a root‐feeding weevil (Hylobius transversovittatus) and a flower‐feeding weevil (Nanophyes marmoratus), were approved for field releases. We used a standardized monitoring protocol to record insect abundance and L. salicaria stem densities and heights in 1‐m2 permanent quadrats at 33 different wetlands and followed sites for up to 28 years. As part of this long‐term monitoring, in 20 of these wetlands, we established a factorial experiment releasing either no insects (control), only root feeders, only leaf beetles, or root and leaf feeders. We documented reduced L. salicaria occupancy and stem densities following insect releases over time, irrespective of site‐specific differences in starting plant communities or L. salicaria abundance. We could not complete our factorial experiment because dispersal of leaf beetles to root‐feeder‐only and control sites within 5 years invalidated our experimental controls. Our data show that it took time for significant changes to occur, and short‐term studies may provide misleading results, as L. salicaria stem densities initially increased before significantly decreasing. Several decades after insect releases, prerelease predictions of significant purple loosestrife declines have been confirmed.
Invertebrate herbivores influence seagrass wasting disease dynamics
Authors: Graham Olivia J. , Aoki Lillian R. , Burge Colleen A. , Harvell C. Drew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough invertebrate herbivores commonly impact terrestrial plant diseases by facilitating transmission of plant pathogens and increasing host susceptibility to infection via wounding, less is known about the role of herbivores in marine plant disease dynamics. Importantly, transmission via herbivores may not be required in the ocean since saline ocean waters support pathogen survival and transmission. Through laboratory experiments with eelgrass (Zostera marina), we showed that isopods (Pentidotea wosnesenskii) and snails (Lacuna spp.) created grazing scars that increased disease severity and thus indirectly facilitated transmission of Labyrinthula zosterae (Lz), a protist that causes seagrass wasting disease. Experiments also quantified different feeding preferences among herbivores: Amphipods (Ampithoe lacertosa) selectively consumed diseased eelgrass, while isopods and snails selectively grazed asymptomatic leaves, suggesting different herbivore taxa may have contrasting impacts on disease dynamics. Our experiments show no sign that herbivores directly vector Lz from diseased to asymptomatic eelgrass. However, we isolated live Lz from isopod, amphipod, and snail feces and detected Lz with quantitative polymerase chain reaction in amphipods and snails, suggesting that herbivores eating diseased eelgrass could pass the live pathogen. Finally, field surveys demonstrated a close association between seagrass wasting disease and invertebrate grazing scars; disease prevalence was 29 ± 4.7% (95% CI) higher on eelgrass leaves with herbivore scars. Collectively, these findings show that some herbivores can increase eelgrass disease risk by facilitating the spread of an important pathogen via wounding, but not via direct transmission. Thus, herbivores may play different roles in plant disease dynamics in terrestrial versus marine ecosystems depending on the pathogen's ability to survive and transmit without a vector.
Nutrient effects on plant diversity loss arise from nutrient identity and decreasing niche dimension
Authors: Peng Yang , Yang Jianxia , Seabloom Eric W. , Leitch Andrew R. , Leitch Ilia J. , Wang Ruzhen , Wei Cunzheng , Han Xingguo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTwo hypotheses have been used to explain the loss of plant diversity with nutrient addition. The nutrient identity hypothesis posits that biodiversity loss is due to a specific limiting nutrient, such as nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P), while the niche dimension hypothesis posits that adding a larger number of limiting nutrients, regardless of their identity, results in biodiversity loss. These two hypotheses have not previously been tested together simultaneously. Here, we conduct that analysis to enable their relative effect sizes to be compared. We manipulated the supply of eight nutrients in the same experimental meadow grassland site to isolate the effects of the identity of added nutrients versus the number of added nutrients on biodiversity loss. We found support for both hypotheses, with the largest negative effects on biodiversity measures being due to N, or N and P treatment, with additional more minor effects of the number of added nutrients. Structural equation models (SEMs) suggested both identity and number of added nutrients had direct negative effects on biodiversity, likely caused by species' innate ability to competitively respond to nutrients, especially in response to disease, herbivory, and stress. SEMs also suggested indirect effects arising from nutrient‐driven increases in aboveground biomass, which resulted in intensified competition for light and the competitive exclusion of short‐statured species. These effects were exacerbated by the nutrients N and P which caused a shift in biomass accumulation from belowground to aboveground. The results highlight that a multi‐nutrient perspective will improve our ability to effectively manage, monitor, and restore ecosystems.
Benzoisoxazoles as Privileged Scaffolds in the Design and Synthesis of N‐containing Molecules: A Recent Update
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Ma Wenbo , Kang Tairan , Sun Peng , Guo Xiaoqiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBenzoisoxazoles, with a distinctive 10‐π‐electron system and significant polarity, readily trigger N−O bond cleavage, enabling multifaceted applications in organic synthesis. Over the past decade, the exponentially increased use of benzoisoxazoles towards the synthesis of highly valuable N‐containing scaffolds, especially N‐heterocycles, has garnered substantial attention. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the transformation of 2,1‐ and 1,2‐benzoisoxazoles since 2015, highlighting the neglected resemblances of these two nitroxy heterocycles. Key processes in the assorted reactions of benzoisoxazoles, including mechanisms, scope, catalyst‐controlled chemodivergence, current limitations, and developmental prospects, are also introduced and discussed.
Monitoring and Analysis of Circumferential Pressure for Long‐Distance Pipe Jacking Construction in Composite Strata
Authors: Zhao Yunfei , Luo Feilun , Xiong Liang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAt present, the monitoring methods of mechanical parameters of pipe in the process of pipe jacking construction generally have the disadvantages of low data reliability and poor timeliness. Especially in the jacking construction in complex strata, if the jacking parameters and lubrication grouting parameters cannot be adjusted in real time according to the circumferential pressure, it is easy to cause pipe sticking accident. Based on the Inner Mongolia Water Diversion Project from ChaorHe to Liaoning, this paper adopts the LPWA low‐power wide‐area network wireless sensing system based on 5G and IOT technology to realize the real‐time wireless monitoring of the contact pressure and lubrication grouting pressure of the underground pipe jacking pipe. Through the parameters obtained by the wireless sensing system, the stress characteristics of a specific pipe traversing different strata and under different working conditions were studied, and the change rule of circumferential contact pressure of the pipe and the influence of various factors on it were analyzed. The results show that: by analyzing the circumferential contact pressure obtained by the wireless sensing system, the pressure distribution of the pipe in the top soft and bottom hard strata is right>left>bottom>top; in the full‐section strata, the destruction of the lubricating mud sleeve will lead to the same contact pressure on one side and the bottom of the pipe; when the pipe traverse the interfaces of different rock strata, the stability of the lubricating mud sleeve will be affected, and thus the circumferential contact pressure will be altered. The above results are consistent with the theoretical prediction and can provide reference for the actual project. In conclusion, the wireless sensing system can accurately reflect the distribution of circumferential contact pressure of the pipe under different strata, and provide reliable data support for improving construction efficiency and safety.
Experimental, economic, and life cycle carbon footprint assessment of low‐cost adsorbents for siloxane removal from landfill gas
Authors: Amaraibi Rarosue J. , Reynolds Bryce , Joseph Babu , Kuhn John N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSiloxane impurities in landfill gas (LFG) pose a significant challenge for downstream processing equipment used in energy recovery. This study investigated the adsorption capacity, cost, and environmental impact of five low‐cost adsorbent materials: biochar, clinoptilolite, hydrochar, diatomaceous‐earth, and crushed glass. Gravimetric analysis was used to determine the adsorption capacity of these materials for octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4). The results were then used to conduct a technoeconomic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA), comparing the selected adsorbents with activated carbon (AC), a commonly used adsorbent for siloxane removal. The TEA revealed that the cost of LFG purification with clinoptilolite, biochar, and AC was $0.035, $0.034, and $0.033/m3, respectively, for the base case studied. The cradle‐to‐gate LCA showed that clinoptilolite had significantly lower carbon emissions compared with the other adsorbents, both per kg of D4 captured and per kg of adsorbent produced. The potential fate of siloxanes after adsorption was discussed, emphasizing the importance of proper treatment and disposal of spent adsorbents. Surface modification techniques were recommended to enhance the adsorption capacity and regeneration of clinoptilolite, potentially reducing cost and carbon emissions in LFG purification. These findings highlight the potential of low‐cost adsorbents for sustainable LFG purification.
HIL Test Verification of PDPI Control of Induction Generator‐Based Multi‐Rotor Wind Turbine Systems
Authors: Benbouhenni Habib , Yessef Mourad , Bizon Nicu , Kadi Sara , Alhejji Ayman , Bossoufi Badre 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this experimental study, a new technique is designed and presented for controlling the rotor side converter of an induction generator (IG) for multi‐rotor wind turbine (MRWT) systems. The direct power command (DPC) strategy is used to regulate the reactive and active power (Qs and Ps). DPC is characterized by several drawbacks, the most prominent of which are low durability, low current/power quality, and the use of power estimation. Therefore, a new PDPI (proportional‐derivative proportional‐integral) regulator is used as a suitable solution to overcome these shortcomings while maintaining simplicity, achieving a rapid dynamic response, and obtaining gains that characterize the DPC. The suggested DPC for controlling the IG inverter of an MRWT system uses two PDPI regulators and pulse width modulation (PWM) to create and generate the pulses necessary to run and regulate the IG inverter. First, the DPC‐PDPI‐PWM is verified in a MATLAB using different tests, and the characteristics of the DPC‐PDPI‐PWM is compared to that of DPC under different working conditions for a 1500 kW IG. Second, the validity of the simulated results is verified using the Hardware‐in‐the loop (HIL) test for the DPC‐PDPI‐PWM, and dSPACE 1104 is used for this purpose. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the DPC‐PDPI‐PWM approach over DPC, as the harmonic distortion of the stream is minimized by 36.66%, 22.68%, and 33.33% in the three proposed tests. Also, the overshoot value of Ps was reduced compared to DPC by ratios estimated at 70.96%, 71.42%, and 70.31% in all tests. DPC‐PDPI‐PWM also reduces the steady‐state error of Qs compared to DPC by 68.33%, 58.82%, 67.90% in all tests performed. The experimental results confirm the numerical results, suggesting that the DPC‐PDPI‐PWM is a suitable solution in the field of command in the future.
Research on the Construction of Coal Powder Settling Final Velocity Model for Coalbed Methane Wells in Panhe Block
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Yu Wanying , Zhou Min , Wang Pengxiang , Zhang Jintao , Cao Yunxing , Xian Baoan , Wang Yibing , Zhang Fei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn response to the severe problem of coal powder production in the Panhe block coalbed methane wells in the southern Qinshui Basin, the characteristics of coal powder production in the study area were identified through sample testing, indoor experiments, and theoretical calculations. The settling velocity of coal powder with different mesh sizes was clarified, and a correction factor α was proposed for the experimental and theoretical results of settling velocity. The research results indicate that the coal powder concentration in the Panhe block ranges from 0.03 to 7.14 g/L, with an average of 1.26 g/L. The particle size of the coal powder produced was 4.10–237.64 μm, with an average of 35.82 μm. The settling velocity of coal powder particles with a mesh size of 40–400 is between 0.0041 and 0.029 m/s. The larger the particle size of coal powder particles, the higher the settling velocity of coal powder; the correction coefficient ranges from 2.3 to 13.67. A corrected settling velocity calculation model was obtained by fitting the coal powder particle size data to the correction coefficient. The research results provide a theoretical basis for developing production conditions, coal powder prevention, and control measures for coalbed methane wells in the Panhe area.
Oviductus Ranae Promotes Follicle Growth Through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro in Rat
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Wang Yu , Sun Xueyuan , He Xingyao , Di Lin , Yang Zhen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe development status of follicles determines the menstrual cycle and estrogen levels, which is crucial to women's health. Oviductus Ranae is a natural product for both medicine and food, which has “estrogenic effect”. However, few studies have systematically elaborated its mechanism of action. Hence, we hypothesize the “estrogen‐like effects” of OR may stem from its positive influence on the growth and development of growing follicles in the ovaries. In this study, the effect of Oviductus Ranae (OR) on the growth and development of rat follicles and follicles cultured in vitro was investigated. The content of estrogen in rat serum and follicular culture medium in vitro was determined by radioimmunoassay, and the levels of PI3K‐Akt signal pathway and FSHR expression in rat ovary and cultured follicles were detected by RT‐PCR and Western Blot. The follicles at different developmental stages in rat ovaries were analyzed by H&E and TUNEL staining. Follicles cultured in a medium containing OR displayed a significant increase in diameter, and the E2 content in the medium was significantly increased. Moreover, Rats treated with OR showed significant increases in estradiol and progesterone levels. The number of antral follicles in the ovaries displayed a significant increase, while the percentage of atretic antral follicles and the total atretic follicles showed significant decreases. The relative expression levels of PI3K, Akt, and FSHR were significantly increased, while significantly decreased in that of PTEN In Vivo and In Vitro. OR may promote follicle growth through PI3K/ Akt pathway, exhibiting “estrogen‐like effects”.