bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arab Nation-building through Detective Stories in al-Ḍiyāʾ: The Cultural Translations of Nasīb al-Mashʿalānī
Authors: Zachs Fruma , Bawardi Basilius 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article examines detective stories translated by Nasīb al-Mashʿalānī published in the periodical al-Ḍiyāʾ (“The Gleam”) and their contribution to the process of Arab nation-building at the turn of the twentieth century. We show how al-Mashʿalānī’s work consisted of a cultural process rather than a textual product or linguistic transfer. These translations introduced new social, political and epistemological concepts that were particularly important to societal changes in the Arab world – such as the notion of civil society, the relationship of the public to institutions of law and the police, the pursuit of justice, and ways of dealing with crime in the Western model of law and order – that al-Mashʿalānī deliberately adapted to the local Arab culture.
Words, Demons, and Illness
Authors: Liu Yan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article examines a salient medical practice in medieval China: healing by incantation. Focusing on the seventh century, when the status of incantatory healing reached its apex, I show how the Tang court incorporated the technique into its medical institutions and how physicians used it to treat diverse illnesses. In particular, this article investigates incantation from an etiological perspective. By studying the incantatory remedies of the famous physician Sun Simiao, I reveal an etiological eclecticism that encompassed both demonic and functional causes of illness. This demonstrates a strong practical sensibility in Sun’s works. A further study of vermin (particularly worms), which were etiologically related yet different from demons, shows the entanglement of the two etiologies that tied the activity of worms to the physiology of the body. These observations suggest that medieval Chinese medicine often involved the working of multiple etiologies in a linked and dynamic manner.
The Food of Meditation
Authors: Garrett Frances 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Beginning with stories of hunger and food magic in Tibetan biographies, I explore a dietary practice of total abstinence from material foods. Buddhist meditators are said to enjoy “the food of meditation” or “the food of the sky.” Texts teach meditators how to use visualization and yogic movement to “extract the essence” of breath and use it as food. When discussing illnesses that may be experienced by retreatants, these texts identify hunger as illness. Examining how dietary teachings for Buddhist contemplatives are also medical textbooks, I propose that these food practices reconstruct the pathology of hunger, turning hunger into a tool for enlightenment. After a quick look at dietary asceticism in Indic and other traditions, I suggest that in these Tibetan examples, dietary abstinence is ultimately about self-perfection.
“Universe Energy”
Authors: Stein Justin B. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Reiki practitioners commonly claim to channel a power called reiki that is capable of physical, mental, and spiritual healing. Prior scholarship has assumed that the concept of reiki has remained similar from Reiki’s founding in 1922 Japan to the present day, when it is practiced worldwide. This article presents a genealogy of reiki from Reiki’s early days in Japan to its adaptations for the Japanese American community of Hawai‘i in the 1930s and for white Americans in the postwar decades, and its return to Japan in the 1980s. It shows that, over time, reiki became understood as “energy,” in part as an appeal to scientific authority, and as “universal,” in the dual sense that it pervades the cosmos and is accessible to all people. In the back-translation of “universal energy” into Japanese, this double meaning of “universal” in English was lost but, as “universe energy” (uchū enerugii), took on new, extraterrestrial connotations.
Mainstreaming Marginality
Authors: Blaikie Calum 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article examines the “mainstreaming” of Sowa Rigpa (Tibetan medicine) into primary healthcare in Ladakh, Himalayan India. It explores fields largely overlooked by existing studies of medical integration, such as the social dynamics of public health facilities, the effects of limited drug supplies, and changes in medicine production. Although Sowa Rigpa practitioners experience aspects of their integration as positive, it is also forcing approaches toward prescription practice, patient care, and pharmaceutical production that are at odds with their clinical, social, ethical, and practical grounding. The article argues that integration is exacerbating existing inequalities while creating new forms of hardship and marginality. However, paradoxically, only by occupying such marginal spaces can the amchi continue practicing Sowa Rigpa in a recognizable form. The article later reflects on what the Ladakhi case tells us about the Indian government’s policy of “rational integration” and contributes to debates concerning subaltern therapeutic modes and medical pluralism.
#TurkeyIsNotAChicken
Authors: Yesil Bilge 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this article, I analyze pro-AKP actors’ grassroots communications in the immediate aftermath of the 2016 coup attempt. I explore the Twitter participation of non-state actors in this momentous political event, with the specific aim of shaping western audiences’ understanding of the failed coup and countering western criticism of post-coup security measures. I do not evaluate pro-AKP netizens’ Twitter communications in terms of their effectiveness in influencing western public opinion; instead I focus on the underlying anti-hegemonic and Occidentalist ideological positions. Through a discourse analysis of English-language Twitter posts, I argue that the engagement of non-state actors on behalf of the AKP government was not simply informed by nationalist mobilization, but rather by an Occidentalist exigency to invert the hegemonic western discourse about Turkey and Turks.
Local Broadcasting as Tactical Media
Authors: Algan Ece 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Against the backdrop of struggles that local broadcasters in Turkey who advocate for Kurdish minority rights have endured, I discuss local broadcast journalists’ tactics for creating and maintaining programming that caters to the ongoing Kurdish conflict. Local ethnic broadcasting in Kurdish provinces has long strived to offer an alternative discourse than that of the state propaganda and to mobilize political support within and outside Turkey. In order to illustrate the role of Kurdish activist journalism in political mobilization, I analyze examples of local radio programming from 2010 to 2013, a period during which broadcasters in Kurdish provinces enjoyed relative freedom. I aim to illustrate the instrumentality of activist journalism in an authoritarian regime, and the ways in which local broadcasting is utilized as tactical media by both activist journalists and the community they serve.
Boycotting Neo-Ottoman Cool
Authors: Kraidy Marwan M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the 2000s, Turkish-Arab relations warmed up, and the rising popularity of Turkish television dramas in the Arab world was part of an overall ‘zero-problem with neighbors’ realignment initiated by Turkey’s ruling Justice and Development party (AKP). However, Turkey’s involvement in the Arab uprisings complicated this rapprochement. The Turkish government, given their doctrinal proximity, supported the Muslim Brotherhood governments that were elected in Tunisia and Egypt, and then entered the fray of the Syrian uprising against the regime of Bashar al-Assad. After the Egyptian military deposed the elected president and Muslim Brotherhood leader Muhammad Morsi in a June 2013 coup, Egypt-Turkish relations deteriorated, as manifest in the Egyptian media industry boycott of Turkish television dramas. In this paper, by examining Arabic-language, mostly Egyptian primary sources, I analyze the geopolitical, economic and media dimensions of the Egyptian boycott of Turkish productions from Egypt’s perspective, and cast a new light on state-media relations in the Arab world and the interaction between media industries and shifting geopolitics.
Religion on Air
Authors: Özçetin Burak 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this article, I discuss the emergence and transformation of Islamic television broadcasting in Turkey. In the 1990s, Islamic channels were launched as a challenge to the so-called moral degeneracy of infotainment channels and claimed to represent an alternative form and content. However, far from presenting an alternative broadcasting style, Islamic channels rapidly succumbed to the logic of capital and the imperatives of commercial broadcasting. I argue that the transformation of Islamic broadcasting is related to the overall transformation of Islamism in Turkey.
Dashtakī (d. 1498) and Dawānī (d. 1502) on the Analysis of Existential Propositions
Authors: El-Rouayheb Khaled 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The present article is a reconstruction of a logical dispute concerning the analysis of existential propositions between the two rivals from Shiraz, Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawānī (d. 1502) and Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Dashtakī (d. 1498), a dispute that continued to echo down to the nineteenth century, especially in Iran and the Indian subcontinent. The controversy was elicited by a passage from a discussion in the commentary by Qūshjī (d. 1474) on Ṭūsī’s Tajrīd in which Qūshjī had briefly suggested that perhaps the predicates “existent” (mawjūd) and “nonexistent” (maʿdūm) are unusual in not needing a copula to link them to the subject. Dashtakī thought that a copula is needed in both existential and non-existential predications, but that in existential predications the copula is simply the union of subject and predicate, whereas in non-existential predications there is an additional copula that signifies the existence or nonexistence of the predicate for the subject. Dawānī’s position was that existential and non-existential predications are exactly on a par and should both be analyzed into subject, copula and predicate.
Atypical Laryngeal Infections: Localized Lesions from Unusual Organisms May Simulate Malignancy
Authors: Yan Kenneth , Taxy Jerome B. , Paintal Ajit , Friedman Aaron D. 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The identification of rare sources of laryngeal infection in immunocompetent patients. Recovered organisms were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (laryngeal tuberculosis [LTB]), Mycobacterium fortuitum (laryngeal Mycobacterium fortuitum [LMF]), and Blastomyces dermatiditis (laryngeal blastomycosis [LB]). Method: Single institution retrospective case series of three patients over a 2.5-year period and review of the literature on laryngeal infections by three atypical organisms. Results: Three patients presented with hoarseness and cough; one additionally had throat pain (LTB). Indirect laryngoscopy demonstrated diffuse laryngeal ulceration (LTB, LMF) and an exophytic, contiguous glottic mass (LB). Direct microlaryngoscopic biopsies and cultures established the diagnoses, including a frozen section in one case (LB), which prevented a simultaneously planned surgical resection. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy yielded dramatic laryngeal and corresponding vocal improvement, for which we provide unique photo and audio documentation. In the last 10 years, fewer than 500 cases of LTB have been reported in the English language medical literature, principally outside the United States. To date, there have been reports of only 34 LB and no cases of LMF. Conclusion: Atypical infections of the larynx may be localized and mimic laryngeal cancer on endoscopy. Tissue examination as well as microbiologic samples are diagnostic and complementary.
Peculiarities of health literacy in people with mental disorders: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mantell Pauline Katharina , Baumeister Annika , Christ Hildegard , Ruhrmann Stephan , Woopen Christiane 
Published: September 2019

Background: Health literacy (HL) is considered a key concept to positively address relevant decisions concerning physical and mental health. According to an integrated model of a European Consortium, the process to access, understand, appraise and apply health information is at the centre of practising HL. Aim: In this study, we examine HL in a population with an early onset of a mental disorder (MD). Methods: Results are based on a cross-sectional survey among people with MD ( n = 310) who sought help at an early detection centre for MD in Cologne, Dresden or Munich. Help-seekers filled out the European Health Literacy Survey questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q) on perception-based HL, socio-demographic data and general health status. Psychopathology was assessed separately by trained specialists. Data are compared with a representative sample of the German population. Results: Overall, HL was lower in a sample with MD compared with the general population. Disease-specific limitations were present in accessing, appraising and applying health information, whereas understanding was perceived fairly easy. Statistical analysis of limited HL revealed correlations with the diagnosis of affective disorders and anxiety disorders, an increase of depressive symptoms as well as the presence of more than one MD. In line with these findings, low levels of HL were associated with a worse general health status. Conclusion: In a population with MD, accessing, appraising and applying health information seemed to be particularly challenging. Therefore, educational programmes that mainly focus on increasing knowledge might not be sufficient for improving the HL in people with MD. Further research should concentrate on context-specific HL to foster behavioural change and improve overall health.
What type of nonprofit organization is preferred in government contracting in China?
Authors: Dong Qiang , Lu Jiahuan 
Published: September 2019

Government contracting with nonprofit organizations in service delivery has become a widespread practice in the public administration landscape. This research explores what kinds of nonprofits are more likely to receive government funding for service delivery. Viewing nonprofits’ pursuit of government funding as an interorganizational effort, we examine the contextual and organizational factors that influence nonprofits’ receipt of government funding. Using the data collected from a nationwide survey of Chinese nonprofits, we find a close contractual relationship between government and nonprofits. Further analysis suggests that policy advocacy, board co-optation, external competition, and organizational formalization have positive impacts on leveraging government funding, while interorganizational collaboration and organizational professionalization do not appear to play a significant role. To our knowledge, this study represents the first nationwide survey research on government–nonprofit contracting in China. The findings expand the literature by adding new empirical evidence from an authoritarian context. Points for practitioners This study examines the contextual and organizational factors affecting Chinese nonprofit organizations’ receipt of purchase-of-service contracts from government. The results indicate that nonprofit organizations engaging in more policy advocacy activities, having more people with government working experience on governing boards, facing stronger competition in resource acquisition and service delivery from operating environments, and embracing more formal structures and procedures in organizational operations would receive more government contracts.
Thrombolysis and surgery for mitral prosthetic valve thrombosis: 11-year outcomes
Authors: Raman Karthik , Mohanraj Anbarasu , Palanisamy Vijayanand , Ganesh Jai , Rawal Sumit , Kurian Valikapathalil Mathew , Sethuratnam Rajan 
Published: September 2019

Background Mechanical mitral valve obstruction is a serious and life-threatening complication. Treatment is either thrombolysis or reoperation, with both interventions having its own merits and drawbacks. This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of both interventions at a single tertiary referral center. Methods From January 2005 to December 2010, 127 patients with mechanical mitral valve obstruction were retrospectively analyzed and divided into a thrombolysis group ( n = 66) and a reoperation group ( n = 61), based on our institute’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. A heart valve team comprising a cardiologist, a surgeon, and the patient was involved in the decision-making, based on the criteria for thrombolysis and reoperation in our institute. The patients had a maximum follow-up period of 14 years (mean 11.2 years). The analysis was divided into in hospital (within 30 days) and follow-up outcomes. Results At the end of 10 years, the reoperation group had significantly greater freedom from embolism (100% vs. 95.4% ± 0.7%), bleeding events (94.5% ± 0.8% vs. 89.2% ± 0.4%), and reintervention (96.4% ± 0.5% vs. 92.3% ± 2.3%) as well as better actuarial survival (97.4% ± 1.2% vs. 92.3% ± 0.4%) compared to the thrombolysis group. The complete failure rate of thrombolysis was 12%. The thrombolysis group had shorter intensive care unit and hospital stays. Conclusion Reoperation has significant advantages over thrombolysis in terms of embolic and bleeding complications and reintervention. Hence one should consider surgery for stuck mechanical mitral valves, with thrombolysis being useful in a specific subset of patients.
Contextual and Social Factors Influencing Male Fertility in Nigeria
Authors: Adewole Ololade G. , Omotoso Kehinde O. , Asa Sola S. 
Published: September 2019

Objectives Fertility level remains relatively high in Nigeria. Currently, it peaks at about six children per woman. Many studies have suggested targeting men in family planning programs to reduce fertility levels, particularly in patriarchal societies. Nigeria, being a patriarchal and multiethnic society, males’ influence on fertility behavior remains indisputable. Thus, this study explores contextual factors, such as sociocultural norms, beliefs, preferences, and perceptions, that influence male fertility behavior across different ethnic groups in Nigeria. Design The study uses qualitative data that involved focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview (IDI) from three geopolitical zones in Nigeria, with each zone representing the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Six IDIs and four FGDs were conducted in each of the three selected regions among men making a total of 18 IDIs and 12 FGDs, respectively. The data were transcribed and exported to Atlas.ti software for analyses. Results Some of the beliefs and perceptions mentioned include influence of religion, polygamy, socioeconomic status, government policy, peer pressure, culture, and sex preference. These factors were found to vary considerably across tribes/ethnic groups. Conclusions Findings from this article show that there are other factors beyond individual factors that affect fertility behavior among men. Thus, there is a need to take into consideration the unique community structures in subsequent population-oriented social policy reviews and implementation to tackle high fertility behavior in Nigeria.
Synthetic MRI of the lumbar spine at 3.0 T: feasibility and image quality comparison with conventional MRI
Authors: Zhang Weilan , Zhu Jingyi , Xu Xiaohan , Fan Guoguang 
Published: September 2019

Background Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can generate multiple morphologic MR images as well as quantitative maps from a single sequence, is not widely used in the spine at 3.0 T. Purpose To investigate the feasibility of synthetic MRI of the lumbar spine in clinical practice at 3.0 T. Material and Methods Eighty-four patients with lumbar diseases underwent conventional T1-weighted images, T2-weighted images, short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) images, and synthetic MRI of the lumbar spine at 3.0 T. The quantitative and qualitative image quality and agreement for detection of spinal lesions between conventional and synthetic MRI were compared by two radiologists. Results The signal-to-noise ratios of synthetic MRI showed an inferior image quality in the vertebrae and disc, whereas were higher for spinal canal and fat on the synthetic T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and STIR images. The contrast-to-noise ratios of the synthetic MRI was superior to conventional sequences, except for the vertebrae–disc contrast-to-noise ratio on T1-weighted imaging ( P =  0.005). Image quality assessments showed that synthetic MRI had greater STIR fat suppression ( P <  0.001) and fluid brightness ( P =  0.014), as well as higher degree of artifacts ( P <  0.001) and worse spatial resolution ( P =  0.002). The inter-method agreements for detection of spinal lesions were substantial to perfect (kappa, 0.614–0.925). Conclusion Synthetic MRI is a feasible method for lumbar spine imaging in a clinical setting at 3.0-T MR. It provides morphologic sequences with acceptable image quality, good agreement with conventional MRI for detection of spinal lesions and quantitative image maps with a slightly shorter acquisition time compared with conventional MRI.
Differentiating hypovascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on CT texture analysis
Authors: Wang Zhonglan , Chen Xiao , Wang Jianhua , Cui Wenjing , Ren Shuai , Wang Zhongqiu 
Published: September 2019

Background Hypovascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor is usually misdiagnosed as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Purpose To investigate the value of texture analysis in differentiating hypovascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images. Material and Methods Twenty-one patients with hypovascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and 63 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas were included in this study. All patients underwent preoperative unenhanced and dynamic contrast-enhanced CT examinations. Two radiologists independently and manually contoured the region of interest of each lesion using texture analysis software on pancreatic parenchymal and portal phase CT images. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant features to differentiate hypovascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to ascertain diagnostic ability. Results The following CT texture features were obtained to differentiate hypovascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas: RMS (root mean square) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50, P<0.001), Quantile50 (OR = 1.83, P<0.001), and sumAverage (OR = 0.92, P=0.007) in parenchymal images and “contrast” in portal phase images (OR = 6.08, P<0.001). The areas under the curves were 0.76 for RMS (sensitivity = 0.75, specificity = 0.67), 0.73 for Quantile50 (sensitivity = 0.60, specificity = 0.77), 0.70 for sumAverage (sensitivity = 0.65, specificity = 0.82), 0.85 for the combined texture features (sensitivity = 0.77, specificity = 0.85). Conclusion CT texture analysis may be helpful to differentiate hypovascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. The three combined texture features showed acceptable diagnostic performance.