bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different intensities of physical activity for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease: A Mendelian randomization study and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Wenyuan , Zhao Xianghu , Wang Jiaying , Guo Yujie , Ren Zhihao , Cai Lian , Wu Shengbing , Zhou Meiqi 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The causal relationships between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson disease and different intensities of physical activity (PA) are still inconclusive. To evaluate the causal impact of PA on ALS and Parkinson disease (PD), this study integrates evidence from Mendelian randomization (MR) using a meta-analysis approach.

Methods:
MR analyses on genetically predicted levels of PA (compose of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA], self-reported vigorous physical activity [VPA], and strenuous sports or other exercises [SSOE]) regarding ALS and PD published up to July 27, 2024, were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. De novo MR studies were analyzed utilizing publicly accessible datasets from genome-wide association studies and then meta-analyses were performed to pool the results.

Results:
Meta-analyses of results of 12 de novo MR studies analyses and 2 published MR studies indicated that genetic predicted levels of MVPA (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.38), VPA (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08–1.60), and SSOE (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.07–1.70) were related to a raised risk of ALS, but not causally with PD.

Conclusion:
Our findings showed no causal relationships between MVPA, VPA, SSOE, and PD, while MVPA, VPA, and SSOE were associated with increased ALS risk, highlighting the need for targeted PA recommendations for disease management.
Pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio as prognostic factors in oral cavity cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Jianghan , Lin Yanjun , Yang Jingbo , Xing Yifeng , Xing Xiaojie 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The predictive implications of the pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in oral cavity cancer have been investigated extensively, however, the findings are conflicting.

Methods:
To assess the predictive importance of SII and LMR in patients with oral cavity cancer, a comprehensive Meta-analysis of the literature was conducted using the databases from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. To determine the link between SII and LMR and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were retrieved.

Results:
The analysis comprised a total of 18 papers, covering 19 trials (SII = 5, LMR = 12, SII + prognostic nutritional index (PNI) = 2). According to pooled data, increased SII predicted poor OS (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.38–1.87, P < .001) and DFS (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.11–3.27, P = .02) while high LMR was linked with improved OS (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54–0.77, P < .001) and DFS (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.61–0.79, P < .001). In addition, subgroup analysis indicated that high SII and low LMR negatively correlated with OS regardless of country, cutoff value, sample size, or types of Cox regression analysis.

Conclusions:
High SII and low LMR may predict worse survival in patients with oral cavity cancer. SII and LMR may therefore represent effective indicators of prognosis in oral cavity cancer.
Familial adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wei Lijun , Wang Jiaqi , Xu Changming , Yang Tengchao , Tian Yun , Shen Lu 
Published: November 2024

Rationale:
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with highly variable clinical manifestations, making diagnosis challenging. Recent advancements in genetic and pathological testing, such as the identification of GGC repeat expansions in the NOTCH2NLC gene, have improved diagnostic accuracy, but familial cases remain underreported.

Patient concerns:
This report details 3 cases of familial adult-onset NIID in 2 sisters and 1 brother. The older sister experienced episodic encephalopathy and autonomic dysfunction for over 40 years, while the younger sister presented similar symptoms 5 years ago. The brother also developed episodic encephalopathy 5 years ago. Brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for all 3 patients revealed hyperintensity at the corticomedullary junction and corpus callosum. Skin biopsies from the older sister and brother confirmed the presence of p62 antibody-positive intranuclear inclusion bodies in sweat gland cells and fibroblasts. Genetic testing showed 146 and 133 GGC repeats in the NOTCH2NLC gene in the older sister and brother, respectively.

Diagnoses:
All 3 patients were diagnosed with NIID based on clinical, radiological, and genetic findings.

Interventions:
The patients received hormonal therapy, circulation-enhancing treatments, and rehydration therapy during acute episodes.

Outcomes:
All 3 patients showed significant improvement in symptoms following treatment, with a return to baseline function after hospital discharge.

Lessons:
Proper management of NIID includes prompt recognition of symptoms, adequate rest, and avoidance of triggers such as fatigue, infections, and stress, which may reduce the frequency of episodic attacks. Early diagnosis and targeted symptomatic treatment are essential for improving patient outcomes.
African-Colombian woman with preeclampsia and high-risk APOL1 genotype: A case report
Authors: Duran Carlos E , Gutierrez-Medina Juan David , Triviño Arias Jacobo , Sandoval-Calle Lina M , Barbosa Mario , Useche Elena , Diaz-Ordoñez Lorena , Pachajoa Harry 
Published: November 2024

Rationale:
Preeclampsia is one of the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Even though preeclampsia is the most prevalent medical complication of pregnancy, it predominantly affects Black women when compared with other ethnicities. APOL1 G1 and G2 risk alleles are genetic risk factors for hypertension and more recently have been associated to the risk of developing preeclampsia.

Patient concerns:
A 17-year-old African Colombian primigravid patient from the Colombian Pacific Coast with preeclampsia, grade 1 obesity, convulsive episodes and psychomotor agitation.

Diagnoses:
The patient exhibited elevated blood pressure readings concomitant with 4 tonic-clonic episodes, tachycardia, Grade I edema, irregular uterine activity and recurrent convulsive episodes. A head computed tomography revealed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome along with cytotoxic edema. Genetic testing unveiled a high risk APOL1 genotype (G1/G2) and a confirmed matrilineal African genetic ancestry (haplogroup L3b).

Interventions:
Initial management involved administration of labetalol and sodium nitroprusside infusions alongside neuroprotective management utilizing magnesium sulfate. Due to the diagnosis of eclampsia, pregnancy termination was performed via cesarean section. The additional antihypertensive therapeutic protocol with nitroprusside, labetalol, carvedilol, and diltiazem finally controlled the hypertensive crisis.

Outcomes:
Discharge was provided with family planning via subdermal implant contraception and established antihypertensive management.

Lessons:
This is the first Latin American report of an underage patient with a hypertensive crisis of pregnancy associated with a G1/G2 high risk genotype and a verified matrilineal genetic ancestry represented by a haplogroup L3b. This case reflects the importance of considering genetic predisposition in the context of preeclampsia. A stratified approach to preeclampsia management that acknowledges genetic factors harbors the potential to significantly diminish the maternal morbidity and mortality entwined with this condition.
Dose-response effects of 8-week resistance training on body composition and muscular performance in untrained young women: A quasi-experimental design
Authors: Ugurlu Dondu , Gülü Mehmet , Yapici Hakan , Yagin Fatma Hilal , Comertpay Ertan , Eroglu Oguz , Afonso José , Aldhahi Monira I. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week resistance training with different training volumes on body composition, maximum strength, peak power, and muscle thickness in non-training women.

Methods:
This was a 3-arm, prospectively designed, randomized controlled trial. A total of 45 adult women aged 20.7 ± 1 years, the mean heights of the participants were 166 ± 0.07 cm, body weight was measured as 54.5 ± 8.8 kg, and body mass index was 19.9 ± 2.1 kg/m2. They were randomized to low-volume training resistance training (LVT; n = 15, 3 sessions of 12 exercises per week), moderate-volume training resistance training (MVT; n = 15; 4 sessions of 12 exercises per week), and high-volume resistance training (HVT; n = 15; 5 sessions of 12 exercises per week) for 8 weeks. The muscle thickness (MT) of the vastus lateralis was assessed at baseline and 8 weeks later using a portable ultrasound device.

Results:
A total of 39 adult women completed the study, with 2 participants from each group lost to follow-up. All experimental groups 1RM increased (P = .001, effect size (ES) = 0.463) All groups showed improved muscle thickness (MT) (P = .001) and CMJ (P = .004). The group × time interaction is statistically significant (P = .001) suggests that the changes in muscle thickness over time differ significantly between the different training volume groups (η
p
²) is 0.368.

Conclusion:
In untrained young women, resistance training improved muscle hypertrophy, maximal strength, power, and body composition in untrained young women. However, 4 sessions MVT per week were superior to LVT and HVT sessions, suggesting a nonlinear dose-response relationship favoring moderate volume over low or high volumes, at least in previously untrained young women.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06449300)
Current Practices for Delivering New Diagnosis Education at Children’s Oncology Group Institutions
Authors: Visungrae Narissara , Campos González Paula D. , Skipper K. Elizabeth , Li Peng , Vance David E. , Salem Adelynn J. , Herriage Teresa , Zupanec Sue , Landier Wendy 
Published: November 2024

Background
The Children’s Oncology Group (COG) Nursing Discipline developed expert consensus recommendations and resources to guide the delivery of new diagnosis education across its member institutions. Current new diagnosis education practices across COG member institutions are unknown.

Objective
To understand current new diagnosis education practices across COG member institutions.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of COG nurses between July and October 2023 to elicit current practices to deliver new diagnosis education to families across COG institutions. Data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools. Individual responses from single institutions were averaged as a single institution-level response.

Results
Respondents included 146/227 (64.3%) COG institutions across 5 countries. Advanced practice nurses and nurse educators have primary responsibility for new diagnosis education at 28.1% and 26.7% of institutions, respectively. Less than half (42.4%) of institutions have a clearly defined process for delivering new diagnosis patient/family education. Almost all (88.2%) institutions use the COG Family Handbook; 64.7% use the COG New Diagnosis Guide, and 41.9% use the COG KidsCare app to support the delivery of new diagnosis education. More than half (61.5%) of institutions use checklists to facilitate the delivery of new diagnosis education, with 81.6% of large institutions versus 44.1% of small institutions reporting the use of checklists (P = .004).

Conclusions
There is variability in current new diagnosis education practices across COG institutions.

Implications for Practice
These findings highlight opportunities for implementing standardized approaches aligned with expert consensus recommendations for the delivery of new diagnosis education.
Acute Fluoride Toxicity Due to Intentional Ingestion of Hydrofluoric Acid Commercial Product
Authors: Macias Tatianna , Bingham Abujasen Kaileigh , Usera Phillip C. , Knight Laura D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hydrofluoric (HF) acid, an irritating and corrosive acid, is commonly found in cleaning supplies. Fatal HF acid ingestion has been documented, although relatively rare. We report a case of acute fluoride toxicity suicide due to the ingestion of a commercial product containing HF acid and ammonium bifluoride. To our knowledge, this is the first to describe the associated gastrointestinal histopathology in detail.
A 56-year-old woman was found deceased near a rust remover product and a notebook containing suicide methods via chemical ingestion. Gross autopsy findings included laryngeal mucosal petechial hemorrhages; patchy esophageal mucosal denudation; and autolyzed, red-black discolored gastric mucosa. Histology of the esophagus demonstrated superficial mucosal ulceration with necrosis of the squamous mucosa, vascular congestion, and lymphoid aggregates in the lamina propria; muscularis mucosae and muscularis propria were unperturbed. The stomach showed superficial coagulative necrosis of the oxyntic crypts, with fresh microhemorrhage dissecting the glandular mucosa away from the muscularis mucosae; muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa were all spared.
Toxicology revealed an elevated fluoride ion concentration (20 mg/L). Death was attributed to acute fluoride toxicity due to intentional ingestion of a commercial product containing HF acid and ammonium bifluoride, and the manner was suicide.
Cardiovascular Disease in Acute Cocaine Compared to Acute Fentanyl Intoxication Deaths
Authors: Burke Olivia , Ely Susan F. , Gill James R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cocaine is the most common stimulant drug that causes death in Connecticut. Unlike opioid intoxication deaths, which largely correlate with dose/concentration, cocaine deaths occur more idiosyncratically, with mechanisms of death often related to underlying cardiovascular disease. We examined 78 sole acute cocaine and 306 sole acute fentanyl intoxication deaths to assess their association with cardiovascular disease. In the cocaine cohort, 87% (68/78) had atherosclerotic and/or hypertensive cardiovascular disease while 40% (122/306) in the fentanyl cohort did. Cocaine was detected in 40% of all accidental drug intoxication deaths, 41% of all accidental drug intoxication deaths involving fentanyl, and 37% of all drug intoxication deaths involving heroin. The relatively low number of sole cocaine deaths compared to the much higher proportion of cocaine/opioid deaths may be explained by the synergistic effects encountered in many mixed drug intoxications, the contributory role of cardiovascular disease in sole cocaine deaths, and/or the increased prevalence and potency of fentanyl. The high number of sole cocaine deaths in which the decedents had co-existing heart disease compared to those from sole fentanyl deaths (P < 0.001) suggests that heart disease plays a mechanistic role in sole cocaine deaths, whereas the potency of fentanyl is the dominant mechanism in fentanyl deaths.
Assessing Facility Readiness to Provide Equitable Birthing Care in New York State: A Baseline Survey
Authors: Gowani Sahar , Kellachan Jacqueline , Enwere Chiagbanwe , Kacica Marilyn 
Published: November 2024

Context
Facility policies, practices, and culture contribute to inequities in maternal outcomes. In New York State (NYS), Black birthing people are 4 to 5 times more likely to experience maternal mortality than White birthing people.

Objectives
Understanding the racial, ethnic, linguistic, and gender equity policies at NYS birthing facilities can identify areas of improvement to impact care and outcomes.

Design
The design was a cross-sectional study.

Setting
The setting was NYS birthing facilities, which included hospitals and birthing centers.

Participants
Facility leadership completed self-reported surveys from December 2020 through June 2021.

Main Outcome Measure
Facility equity data were obtained across 4 domains: (1) organizational commitment to equity, (2) staff equity training and evaluation, (3) leadership and staff composition, and (4) patient data, voice, and influence.

Results
Over half of NYS birthing facilities documented a public commitment to equity in their mission, but only 15% had a written equity plan with processes for monitoring progress. Less than one-third of facilities stated that staff from underrepresented racial, ethnic, and language, gender (REaLG) groups were proportionally represented in leadership and management positions. About half of the facilities reported their staff composition reflects their patient population, but only a quarter analyzed staff REaLG demographics to serve diverse patients. Twenty-eight percent of facilities assess diversity in their board of directors, facility leadership, medical leadership, medical staff, and administrative staff. One-third required staff implicit bias training; 17% collected and used data on patient satisfaction regarding racial equity; and 12% engaged affected communities.

Conclusions
Facilities differed in their implementation of policies and practices that support equitable care. Survey data provide facilities with specific areas of improvement to focus their efforts. Equity assessments are an important step for facilities to evaluate their policies and practices and for statewide institutions to develop programming.
Current recycling innovations to utilize e-waste in sustainable green metal manufacturing
Authors: Hossain Rumana , Sahajwalla Veena 
Published: November 2024

The ever-increasing market demand and the rapid uptake of the technologies of electronics create an unavoidable generation of high-volume electronic waste (e-waste). E-waste is embedded with valuable metals, alloys, precious metals and rare earth elements. A substantial portion of e-waste ends up in landfills and is incinerated due to its complex multi-material structure, creating loss of resources and often leading to environmental contamination from the release of landfill leachates and combustion gases. Conversely, due to the ongoing demand for valuable metals, global industrial and manufacturing supply chains are experiencing enormous pressure. To address this issue, researchers have put multifaceted efforts into developing viable technologies and emphasized right-scaling for e-waste reclamation. Several conventional and emerging recycling technologies have been recognized to be efficient in recovering metal alloys, precious and rare earth metals from e-waste. The recovery of valuable metals from e-waste will create an alternative source of value-added raw materials, which could become part of supply chains for manufacturing. This review discusses the urgency of metal recycling from e-waste for sustainability and economic benefit, up-to-date recycling technologies with an emphasis on their potential role in creating a circular economy in e-waste management.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Sustainable metals: science and systems’.
Material efficiency at the component level: how much metal can we do without?
Authors: Allwood Julian M. , Music Omer 
Published: November 2024

Global production of steel and aluminium is a major driver of greenhouse gas emissions. Various processes might allow continued primary production of the two metals, but all depend on emissions-free electricity or carbon storage, and global capacity of these two key resources will be below demand for decades to come. As a result, zero-emissions steel and aluminium will mainly come from recycling, but supply will be lower than demand. This motivates demand reduction, and for the first time, this article estimates the inefficiency in current metal use by component type. The results demonstrate that around 80% of steel and 90% of aluminium liquid metal produced today may be unnecessary. Around 40% of liquid steel and 60% of liquid aluminium are never used in final components as they are removed along the supply chain of manufacturing. Of the metal that enters final service, approximately one-third could be saved by avoiding component over-specification. A further third could be saved, where the properties of metal are not used to their limits. These results point to specific opportunities for innovation in design and manufacturing technology, of which the highest priority is to re-think the use of sheet metal in construction.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Sustainable metals: science and systems’.
Sustainable extraction and recycling of non-ferrous metals: a review from a European perspective
Authors: Gerold Eva , Luznik Lea , Samberger Sebastian , Antrekowitsch Helmut 
Published: November 2024

This review article provides a comprehensive examination of sustainable extraction and recycling methods for non-ferrous metals, which are critical to a wide range of industries including electronics, construction and renewable energy. Focusing on metals such as aluminium, copper and silicon, the study highlights the importance of recycling in conserving resources and minimizing environmental impact. It discusses the challenges posed by material diversity in recycling processes and the advances in recycling technologies that have emerged in response. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of a circular economy in maintaining a sustainable balance between consumption and conservation of metal resources. Through detailed analysis, it advocates innovative recycling practices and improved design for recyclability and highlights the role of policy, industry and consumer behaviour in achieving sustainability goals. The findings contribute to the discourse on strategic self-sufficiency in Europe through recycling, providing insights into how to improve efficiency and manage the complexity of the global material cycle. This work calls for a collaborative effort towards sustainable metallurgy and underlines the critical need for advances in recycling infrastructure and technology to ensure the long-term availability and environmental stewardship of non-ferrous metals.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Sustainable metals: science and systems’.
BLOC: buildable and linkable organ on a chip
Authors: Kimura Yusuke , Hamaguchi Hiroki , Oyama Kotaro , Oyama Tomoko G. , Kimura Atsushi , Ohshima Yasuhiro , Ishioka Noriko S. , Taguchi Mitsumasa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicrophysiological systems (MPSs) are attractive alternatives to animal experiments in physiology, pathophysiology, and drug development. However, conventional MPSs are designed for specific applications and have low versatility and scalability. Here, we developed a “Buildable and Linkable Organ on a Chip” (BLOC) to construct diverse MPSs. The Culture, Control, and Analysis BLOCs were standardized to the same size and linked using inlet/outlet joints for perfusion. Radiation-induced chemical reactions were used to suppress the adsorption and absorption of small hydrophobic molecules by BLOCs composed of polydimethylsiloxane. BLOCs for 2D/3D culture could also encapsulate radiation-crosslinked protein hydrogels with designed stiffness and microtopography to mimic the microenvironmentin vivo. A perfusion device connecting Culture BLOCs was designed for a toxicity assay mimicking the systemic circulation using six types of organoids. An automatic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay device connecting Culture, Control, and Analysis BLOCs detected proteins released from organoids. BLOCs, which users can freely configure to suit their needs, is expected to become powerful tools in basic research and preclinical trials using MPSs.