bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
Authors: Bahrudin Mochamad 
Published: July 2018

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) adalah salah satu gangguan pada tangan karena terjadi penyempitan pada terowongan karpal, baik akibat edema fasia pada terowongan tersebut maupun akibat kelainan pada tulang-tulang kecil tangan sehingga terjadi penekanan terhadap nervus medianus dipergelangan tangan. National Health Interview Study (NIHS) memperkirakan bahwa prevalensi CTS yang dilaporkan sendiri diantara populasi dewasa adalah sebesar 1.55% (2,6 juta). Kejadian CTS pada populasi diperikrakan3% pada wanita dan 2% pada laki-laki dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada wanita tua usia > 55 tahun, biasanya antara 40 – 60 tahun. Penyebab CTS diduga oleh karena trauma, infeksi, gangguan endokrin, dan lain-lain, tetapi sebagian tidak diketahui penyebabnya. Penggunaan tangan yang berlebihan dan repetitif diduga berhubungan dengan sindroma ini. CTS bisa mengenai usia pertengahan, wanita lebih sering dari pada pria, biasanya pada tangan yang dominan dan prevalensi meningkat pada kehamilan. Pada tahap awal hanya gangguan sensorik, berupa parestesia, kurang merasa (numbness) atau rasa seperti terkena aliran listrik (tingling) pada jari dan setengah sisi radial jari, walaupun kadang-kadang dirasakan mengenai seluruh jari-jari. Bila penyakit berlanjut rasa nyeri dapat bertambah berat dengan frekuensi serangan yang semakin sering bahkan dapat menetap. Kadang-kadang nyeri dapat terasa sampai kelengan atas dan leher, sedangkan parestesia umumnya terbatas di daerah distal pergelangan tangan. Keluhan dirasakan terutama malam hari. Dapat pula dijumpai pembengkakan dan kekakuan pada jari-jari tangan dan pergalangan tangan terutama di pagi hari. Lebih lanjut lagi penderita mengeluh jari-jarinya menjadi kurang terampil misalnya saat memungut benda-benda kecil. Pada pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan Phalen’s test dan Tinel’s sign yang positif dan pada Pemeriksaan EMG dapat menunjukkan adanya fibrilasi, polifasik, gelombang positif dan berkurangnya jumlah motor unit pada otot-otot thenar. Penanganan faktor resiko akan memperbaiki gejala, penggunaan obat anti inflamasi untuk artritis tangan, mengurangi penggunaaan tangan yang berulang, mengistirahatkan pergelangan tangan, Pemasangan bidai pada posisi netral pada pergelangan tangan akan memperbaiki gejala. Pemberian obat anti inflamasi non steroid dan injeksi steroid dengan lidocain dan long acting steroid pada terowongan karpal akan mengurangi keluhan. Bila terapi konservatif gagal dilakukan tidakan operasi sebagi pilihan terakhir.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN PLETEKAN (RUELLIA TUBEROSA L.) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NOVERGICUS) STRAIN WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI ALLOXAN
Authors: Ayundha Sari Rizky , Sylvestris Alfa , Bahrudin Moch 
Published: July 2018

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Pletekan (Ruellia Tuberosa L.) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Novergicus) Strain Wistar Yang Diinduksi Alloxan. Belum banyak diketahui bahwa daun pletekan mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan serta meningkatkan aktifitas insulin sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagai protektor sel β pankreas dan mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes mellitus. Tujuan : Membuktikan adanya pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun pletekan (Ruellia tuberosa L.) terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada tikus putih (Rattus novergicus) strain wistar yang diinduksi Alloxan. Metode : True Experimental, dengan rancangan Pre post test Control Desain. Sampel tikus putih strain wistar yang dibagi 4 kelompok. Analisis data menggunakan One way Anova, uji tukey 1%. Hasil Penelitian dan Diskusi : Dari hasil uji One way Anova, didapatkanpengaruh yang bermakna (nilai sig p < 0,01) antar kelompok dan perlakuan. Hasil uji tukey 1%, menunjukkan bahwaterdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antar kelompok perlakuan dalam penelitian, yakni kenaikan dosis ekstrak pletekan mampu melindungi sel β pankreas dan menyebabkan penurunan kadar glukosa darah tikus putih. Kesimpulan :Pemberian ekstrak daun pletekan mampu sebagai protektor terhadap sel β pancreas dan menurunkan secara signifikankadar glukosa darah pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) strain wistar yang diinduksi Alloxan.
Rethinking Performance Management Practices in Local Administrations? An Evaluation of BV, CPA, And WPI Practices in the United Kingdom
Authors: Demirel Demokaan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Performance is a fundamental tool that improves results oriented on public administration. Performance management applications have become very popular in public institutions over the past 20 years. Direct accountability to the political institutions and the public is ensured by defining the performance of public administrations according to their organizational goals and objectives. Local governments are using performance management practices to assess the quality of public services offered. In the United Kingdom, performance management practices at the local level were promoted under the leadership of the central government. However, there cannot be a certain standardization or stability in performance management applications. The Best Value (BV) regime was applied primarily in England and Wales. The system was later applied in Scotland in 2003. In 2002, Comprehensive Performance Assessment (CPA) Programme was introduced. Wales preferred to stay outside of this program. The Wales Programme for Improvement (WPI) has adopted self-assessment and holistic assessment. After 2009, the cost-effectiveness of local services was evaluated through comprehensive area assessments. This practice was abolished after 2010, adopting a governance approach based on the common negotiations of local actors. This study aims to evaluate the performance measurement systems applied in the local area in the United Kingdom.
PENINGKATAN KETUNTASAN BELAJAR DAN SIKAP SOSIAL PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI PEMBERIAN REWARD UNTUK TUTOR SEBAYAPADA KONSEP GERAK HARMONIK SEDERHANA
Authors: Sufahmi Afdhal , Safitri Rini 
Published: July 2018

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian reward kepada tutor sebaya terhadap peningkatan ketuntasan belajar dan sikap sosial peserta didik. Penelitian ini berbentuk eksperimen semu dengan Non-equivalentPretest-Posttest Control Group Design.Pengambilan sampel dengan tehnik purposive sampling yaitu MIA 5 (kelas eksperimen) dan XI MIA 6 (kelas kontrol).Lima tutor dipilih dari setiap kelasdengan kriteria yang sudah ditentukan. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan uji pilihan ganda dengan 19 item yang sebelumnya divalidasi oleh ahli serta diuji coba, sedangkan lembar observasi sikap sosial peserta didik hanya divalidasi pakar, untuk pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh skor rata-rata ketuntasan belajar peserta didik kelas eksperimen dan kontrol yaitu 75 dan 67dengan N-gain yakni 0,62 dan 0,50, dan skor rata-rata sikap sosial diperoleh 3,48 dan 2,32 untuk tutor serta 3,23 dan 2,23 untuk peserta didik.Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai N-gain thitung sebesar -4,608 dan ttabel sebesar 2,000 atau thitung ttabel, menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan ketuntasan belajar dan sikap sosial peserta didik yang diajarkan antara strategi pembelajaran tutor diberikan reward dan tutor tanpa pemberian reward.Ini berarti strategi pembelajaran tutor sebaya dengan pemberian reward mampu meningkatkan ketuntasan belajar dan sikap sosial peserta didik kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 2 Bireuen.Kata kunci :reward, tutor sebaya, ketuntasan belajar, sikap sosial
Hubungan Antara Keterampilan Kerja Ilmiah Siswa Dengan Kualitas Produk Hasil Praktikum Mol Kulit Pisang
Authors: Luzyawati Lesy 
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan antara kerja ilmiah siswa dengan kualitas produk yang dihasilkan melalui praktikum pembuatan MOL kulit pisang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif deskriptif dengan design Pre experimental design tipe One Shot Case Study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Islam Al-Islah Boarding School dengan jumlah 75 siswa yang terbagi menjadi 3 kelas. Melalui teknik Purposive sampling terpilih 1 kelas sebagai sampel yaitu kelas X-4 B dengan jumlah 28 siswa. Instrumen ini menggunakan lembar penilaian kerja ilmiah dan penilaian kualitas produk dengan model ratting scale. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan yang dilakukan, diperoleh pada penilaian kerja ilmiah rata-rata nilai yang didapat 3,3 dengan presentasi 81% dikategorikan baik sekali, dan penilaian kualitas produk yang dihasilkan siswa mendapat nilai rata-rata 3,7 dengan presentasi 93% dengan kategori baik sekali. Dengan demikian bahwa dalam proses yang baik akan menghasilkan hasil akhir yang baik pula atau pelaksanaan kerja ilmiah berbanding lurus terhadap produk yang dihasilkan siswa.
A study to use hematological and biochemical parameters as a key in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia
Authors: ÇAKIR Mikail , YILDIRIM Doğan , KOCAKUŞAK Ahmet , AKTÜRK Okan Murat , TİGREL Leyla Zeynep 
Published: July 2018

Aim: Acute mesenteric ischemia is still fatal in 59-92% of cases. Delay in diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia can cause dramatic increase in morbidity and mortality rates. However several diagnostic and disease related factors have been widely studied. Controversy still remains. In this study, we evaluated hematological and biochemical parameters in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia.Methods: 46 patients (study group) who underwent emergent surgery for
acute mesenteric ischemia and 46 patients (control group) operated for acute
abdomen with another etiology other than acute mesenteric ischemia and
internalized to intensive care unit were included in this study. Medical
records and clinical data of acute mesenteric ischemia patients between January
2008 and December 2014 were evaluated with regard to 8 parameters; age,
amylase, white blood cell count, mean platelet volume, creatine kinase, lactate
dehydrogenase, lactate and D-dimer. These parameters were selected for their
increased levels in acute mesenteric ischemia patients according to many
published medical studies. Control group was formed randomly from patients
followed in intensive care unit for their co-morbidities after acute abdomen
operation in the same period. Gender was included in the table but was not
taken into account as a parameter for the study.

Results: Mean values of age, white blood cell count, creatine kinase,
lactate dehydrogenase, lactate and D-dimer were significantly higher in acute
mesenteric ischemia group than the control group. Mean platelet volume was
significantly lower in acute mesenteric ischemia group. The p values were for
age (p=0.009), for amylase (0.475), for white blood cell (p=0.001) for mean platelet
volume (0=0.001), for creatinine kinase (p=0.017), for lactate dehydrogenase
(p=0.001), for lactate (p=0.001), for D-dimer (p=0.001) respectively. Conclusion: White blood cell count, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate and D-dimer levels increase; mean platelet volume decrease in acute mesenteric ischemia patients significantly.
Effects of postoperative intravenous infusion of tramadol and addition of dexmedetomidine to tramadol on analgesia and hemodynamic parameters in gynecologic surgery: A prospective (double blind) randomised controlled trial
Authors: EMİRKADI Hakan , ŞEN Hüseyin , DAĞLI Güner , ŞIK Bulat Aytek , AKPAK Yaşam Kemal 
Published: July 2018

Aim: We designed this
double-blind study to test and compare the effects of intravenous tramadol and
intravenous tramadol plus dexmedetomidine on analgesia and hemodynamic
parameters for treatment of postoperative pain in gynecologic surgeries with
Pfannenstiel incision.

Methods: Sixty patients undergoing total abdominal
hysterectomy with Pfannenstiel incision under general anesthesia were randomly
allocated into two groups. Group C (Tramadol) and Group D (Tramadol + Dexmedetomidin).
The anesthetic technique was standardized. Postoperatively, the patients in both
groups received patient controlled analgesia during 24 hours after surgery
(tramadol 20 mg bolus for Group C, tramadol 20 mg+dexmedetomidine 10 mg first
four hours, then tramadol 20 mg for Group D with a lock-out time of 15 minutes).
Postoperative assessment included verbal pain score, sedation score, nausea and
vomiting score, consumption of tramadol, hemodynamic parameters and patient’s
satisfaction.

Results: Postoperative pain
scores were significantly lower in Group D compared with Group C and patient-controlled analgesia
tramadol use was
significantly reduced in Group D. Total PCA tramadol use was decreased by 27% in Group D compared with Group C (p=0.001).
Patient satisfaction with pain treatment was significantly improved in Group D compared with Group C (p=0.001).
A significant increase in sedation scores at
the 1st, 2nd and 4th
hours were observed in Group D. Heart rate was lower in Group D at the 1st, 2nd
and 4th hours postoperatively (p=0.001, p=0.001 and p=0.01, respectively). Nausea and vomiting score was lower in Group D (p&lt;0.05 for all).

Conclusion: The addition of dexmedetomidine to tramadol by patient controlled
analgesia method significantly reduces tramadol consumption and increases
analgesia level and patient satisfaction in gynecological operations.
Detection of Knee Power Deficits Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Wearable Sensors
Authors: Pratt Kristamarie A. , Sigward Susan M. 
Published: July 2018

Background Following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), individuals present with significant knee power absorption deficits during deceleration of dynamic tasks. An inability to quantify these deficits clinically may underlie their persistence. Recent studies suggest that segment angular velocities measured with wearable inertial sensors have the potential to provide valuable information about knee power during a single-limb loading (SLL) task. However, the diagnostic accuracy of these measures and procedures needs to be established before translating this information to clinical practice. Objective To determine the diagnostic accuracy of using inertial-sensor thigh angular velocities to detect asymmetrical knee loading during a dynamic SLL task in individuals following ACLR. Methods In this controlled laboratory study, 21 individuals following ACLR performed 3 trials of SLL on each limb. Sagittal plane peak knee power absorption was calculated for each limb (reconstructed and nonsurgical) during deceleration. Between-limb ratios (reconstructed/nonsurgical limb) were calculated for knee power using marker-based motion analysis, and thigh angular velocity was extracted from inertial sensors. Sensitivity and specificity of thigh angular velocity ratios in diagnosing asymmetrical knee loading (knee power deficits greater than 15%) were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results Thigh angular velocity ratios detected asymmetrical knee loading when performing SLL with high sensitivity (81%) and specificity (100%). Conclusion These findings support the use of cost-effective wearable sensors to objectively quantify movement clinically in this population of individuals following ACLR. This study establishes procedures for the clinical quantification of dynamic knee loading deficits. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(11):895–902. Epub 11 Jul 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7995
Digital Copies of Bibliographic Indexes in the Electronic Library(The example of the Russian State Library)
Authors: Maslovskaya N. S. 
Published: July 2018

Digitization of printed publications by libraries is a source of bibliographic information; it provides users with wide accessibility to electronic bibliographic resources. The notion of “digital copies” is considered. The emphasis is focused on digitization of reference and bibliographic publications from the holdings of the Russian State Library (RSL). The main access points for digital copies of bibliographic publications — of local and remote access — are identified. There are determined the basic positions, confirming the importance of the translation of bibliographic indexes into a digital format. The approaches (methods) used by libraries in the selection of publications for digitization are revealed. The principles and criteria of selection of publications for digitization are studied.Based on the studied material, the conclusion is made on the need to develop special criteria for selection applicable specifically to bibliographic publications. Recommendations and proposals for the development of selection principles for bibliographic indexes are given. There are given the options and ways of reflection of digital copies of bibliographic indexes in the electronic catalogue and the e-library of the RSL on the basis of study of the library website. There are analysed the possibilities of access to the content of the electronic library and considered the options for finding and providing users with digital copies. As a result, it is concluded on the necessity to form collections by types of documents in the electronic library.The proposals will contribute to the improvement of the quality of digital content of the electronic library.
Story Story Time and Narrative Time to Generate Tension in Abu Gatiʿ
Authors: Mahmoud Amel A 
Published: July 2018

The present article scrutinizes two narrative aspects: story time (erzählte Zeit[1]) and narrative time (Erzähltzeit) in Shamran al-Yasery's tetralogy Abu Gatiʿ [2] examining their functions in generating atmosphere of tension and suspense. Gerard Genette in Narrative Discourse (1980) clarifies that ‘story time’ points to the chronological sequence of the events and incidents in a story. While ‘narrative time’ refers to the ‘pseudo-temporal order’ of the incidents and their arrangement in the narrative.[3] Examining the narrative ‘anachronies’[4] of Abu Gatiʿ entails inspecting different sorts of discordance in the narrative structure of the scenes which are diagnosed, in the present article, in three kinds: reversion, ellipsis and inversion.
Through following a close reading and a textual analysis specific scenes, events and incidents are examined and their connections to story time and narrative time are accentuated pinpointing within the process their thematic reference. While measuring forms of anachronies, selected letters and numbers are given to the addressed incidents in order to establish ample connections between them and to render the analysis lucid and comprehensible.

[1] -Gérard Genette in Narrative Discourse (1980) cites the terms ‘erzählte Zeit’ and ‘Erzähltzeit’ from Gunther Muller, ‘Erzählzeit und erzählte Zeit’, Festschrift fur P. kluckhohn und Hermann Schneider,1948. Morphologische Poetik (Tubingen, 1968).
[2] -Shamran al-Yasery, Abu Gatiʿ (Baghdad: Dar Babel,1989)
[3]- Gerard Genette, Narrative Discourse, trans. Jane E. Lewin (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1980), 35.
[4] -According to Genette, the word ‘anachrony’ refers to all forms of discordance between the two temporal orders of story and narrative. See Gerard Genette’s Narrative Discourse, 40.
الصدر الأعظم الشيخ علي خان زنطنة الكُردي 1610 ـــ 1689
Authors: Tawfiq Ali T. 
Published: July 2018

الملخص
يعد الشيخ علي خان زنكنة (1610 ــ 1689) ذو الأصول الكُردية واحداً من أبرز من شغلوا منصب الصدر الأعظم (رئيس الوزراء) في عهد الدولة الصفوية بإيران، إذ تولى رئاسة الوزراء بين سنوات (1668 ــــ 1689) خلال حكم الشاه الصفي الثاني (1666 ــــ 1694) ، و قد كان لضعف شخصية الشاه و انشغاله بالملذات الشخصية و ابتعاده عن الأمور السياسية و إدارة دفة الدولة، أبرز الأثر في بروز مكانة الشيخ علي خان الذي أدار شؤون الدولة الصفوية الداخلية و الخارجية لوحده. ركز الشيخ علي خان على إصلاح الدولة الصفوية التي كانت تعاني من الضعف آنذاك ، فعمل على إصلاح الاقتصاد المتردي ، و الإدارة الفاسدة، و الجانب العسكري الذي كان تكثر فيه التمردات. امتد حكم الشيخ علي خان لحوالي عشرين سنة التي تعد من الأكثر العهود هدوءاً و استقراراً في الدولة الصفوية سواءاً على مستوى الداخلي او الخارجي، فلم تتأثر الدولة الصفوية في عهده بضغط الدول الأوربية لانشغالها على الساحة الأوربية، و لم تدخل الدولة الصفوية في عهده في حرب ضد الدولة العثمانية عكس العهود السابقة و اللاحقة ، لذلك شهدت الدولة الصفوية في عهد علي خان انتعاشاً و ازدهاراً في أغلب مرافق الدولة و لاسيّما في مجالات الطرق التجارية و التعليم و المساجد.
نوروز في المصادر الأدبية العربية "دراسة تاريخية"
Authors: Salim Lulav M. 
Published: July 2018

الملخص
تناولت الدراسة احدى الاعياد المهمة والمشهورة عند عدد من الامم، وهي عيد نوروز، ونظراً لقدم واهمية ذلك العيد فقد انشد الكثير من الشعراء بتلك المناسبة، فأوردت تلك الملامح من وجهة نظر الشعراء والادباء في الادب العربي، واختلف وصف الشعراء والادباء في وصف عيد نوروز فكل منهم يصفها بطريقته، فهناك من ركز على الجانب الطبيعي من حيث تغير اجواء الطبيعة والمناخ، وهناك من اهتم بالناحية الجمالية في اظهار الملامح الخلابة للطبيعة ورسمها بجميع الوان الطيف، واخرون لم يتمتعوا بفرحة العيد بسبب الحزن والالم الذي كانوا يشعرون بها فعبروا فرحة نوروز بالحزن، كما ويبين فيها الطقوس السائدة في عيد نوروز من صب الماء واشعال النيران وغيرها، فضلاً عن الجانب الاقتصادي التي لايفصل عن تلك الاعياد من جمع الخراج والهدايا التي يحصل عليها الامراء والملوك، وغيرها من الاوصاف عبروا بها الشعراء والادباء بتلك المناسبة، ومن ثم ذكر لأهم الاستنتاجات التي توصلت اليها الدراسة.