bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive Effects of Agomelatine Treatment in Schizophrenia Patients Suffering From Comorbid Depression
Authors: Englisch Susanne , Jung Hanna Sophie , Eisenacher Sarah , Lewien Antje , Becker Anna , Nowak Ulrike , Braun Hanna , Thiem Jascha , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Zink Mathias 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is highly disabling and remains one of the major therapeutic challenges. Agomelatine (AGO), an agonist at melatonergic MT1/MT2 receptors and antagonist at 5-HT2C receptors, increases dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex and may therefore have the potential of improving neurocognition in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods
Twenty-seven patients with schizophrenia and comorbid depression were treated with AGO in addition to stable doses of antipsychotic drugs. Cognitive abilities were assessed with the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) at study entry and after 12 weeks of AGO treatment after the intention-to-treat principle.

Results
We observed statistically significant yet clinically negligible increases of the MCCB composite score and the reasoning/problem solving subscore. Patients with unimpaired sleep at baseline showed greater improvements over time than those with sleep disturbances. Changes on the MCCB were not correlated with other psychometric variables.

Conclusions
Despite statistically significant, cognitive improvements after 12 weeks of AGO treatment were clinically irrelevant. Our findings may be limited by baseline properties of the study sample and the study design. In particular, lacking a control group, it cannot be ruled out that improvements were unrelated to AGO treatment. That is why randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the relevance of AGO as a cognitive enhancer in schizophrenia.
Mechanisms of gene death in the Red Queen race revealed by the analysis ofde novomicroRNAs
Authors: Lu Guang-An , Zhao Yixin , Lan Ao , Liufu Zhongqi , Wen Haijun , Tang Tian , Xu Jin , Wu Chung-I 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe prevalence ofde novocoding genes is controversial due to the length and coding constraints. Non-coding genes, especially small ones, are freer to evolvede novoby comparison. The best examples are microRNAs (miRNAs), a large class of regulatory molecules ~22 nt in length. Here, we study 6de novomiRNAs inDrosophilawhich, like most new genes, are testis-specific. We ask how and whyde novogenes die because gene death must be sufficiently frequent to balance the many new births. By knocking out each miRNA gene, we could analyze their contributions to each of the 9 components of male fitness (sperm production, length, competitiveness etc.). To our surprise, the knockout mutants often perform better in some components, and slightly worse in others, than the wildtype. When two of the younger miRNAs are assayed in long-term laboratory populations, their total fitness contributions are found to be essentially zero. These results collectively suggest that adaptivede novogenes die regularly, not due to the loss of functionality, but due to the canceling-out of positive and negative fitness effects, which may be characterized as “quasi-neutrality”. Sincede novogenes often emerge adaptively and become lost later, they reveal ongoing period-specific adaptations, reminiscent of the “Red-Queen” metaphor for long term evolution.
That awkward ‘Moment’: Doctor Who and weapons of mass destruction
Authors: Jones Craig Owen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Drawing on the ideas of Jonathan Schell with reference to the proliferation of nuclear weapons as articulated in The Fate of the Earth (1982) and The Abolition (1984), this article will explore the representations of weapons of mass destruction alluded to in the Doctor Who (1963–89, 1996, 2005–present) episode ‘The Day of the Doctor’ (2013). It is argued that, whereas violations of the long-standing moratorium against changing history first articulated in the 1960s have been couched in apologetic terms, the comparative lack of a similar apologia in the case of the ‘forbidden weapons’ reflects changing attitudes towards the moral absolutism encapsulated by Schell’s thesis, itself largely a product of the current febrile state of discourse over the future of warfare.
Worlds turned back to front: The politics of the mirror universe in Doctor Who and Star Trek
Authors: Byrne Aidan , Jones Mark 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article takes two prominent science fiction TV series’ uses of the ‘mirror universe’ trope and argues that their differing treatments of the individual and his or her relationship to authority and the social order reflect cultural, social and political conditions derived from their specifically American and British historical, political and social contexts. The mirror universes device allows the programmes’ creators to explicitly identify undesirable modes of social organisation – an imperialist version of Star Trek’s (original run 1966–69) Federation and a totalitarian republic in Doctor Who (1963–89, 1996, 2005–present) – while inviting audiences to interrogate the social orders presented as normative in the previously established fictional prime universes. Star Trek’s ‘Mirror, Mirror’ (1967) incorporates a moral dilemma that is left unresolved by the end of the episode, leaving the audience to question the hidden operations and assumptions of the apparently benign Federation: in Doctor Who’s ‘Inferno’ (1970), pragmatic solutions to social and political problems are informed by Cold War Britain’s reluctance to adopt totalizing political positions that override the rights and responsibilities of individuals. Both shows ultimately demonstrate, through the dramatization of totalitarian social orders, that while a political philosophy is a welcome thing, individual conceptions of justice and fairness are the only guarantors of a stable society.
The Impact of Corruption on the Institutions of Political Power in the Republic of Kazakhstan: The Cratological Context and Law Enforcement Activities
Authors: SALKEBAYEV Talgat Smagulovich 
Published: June 2018

Since the Republic of Kazakhstan gained its sovereignty in the law enforcement system, a number of large-scale reforms have been carried out, state programs have been approved and implemented, a full-scale recertification of employees of all law enforcement agencies, and a regulatory base have been updated through the adoption of special laws on law enforcement and internal affairs bodies. However, despite all the above circumstances, the level of corruption in the internal affairs bodies is still high.
Obviously, there is a whole complex of latent reasons for this situation and the author denotes the contours of their scientific research. The most difficult direction, which the author singled out, should be recognized as a change in approaches to the formation of a strategy for combating corruption. This article suggests a preliminary analytical description of the impact of corruption on political institutions in terms of cratology and the most significant aspects of regulation.
Alterations in gait velocity and grip strength of stroke survivors following a 12-week structured therapeutic exercise programme
Authors: Adebisi Hammed I. , Monikhe Adodo S. , Okey Agwubike E. 
Published: June 2018

Summary
Study aim: This study investigated the alterations in gait velocity and grip strength of stroke survivors following a structured therapeutic exercise programme (STEP). Material and methods: This was a pre-test, post-test experimental study of the effectiveness of a 12-week STEP on gait veloc­ity and grip strength of stroke survivors. A total of 30 hemiparetic stroke survivors participated in the study. The instrument for this study was an adaptation of a training protocol for the training and assessment of gait velocity and grip strength. The participants underwent a 12-week STEP of a frequency of 3 times per week and the training programme focused on exercises aimed at improving the gait velocity and grip strength of the participants. The gait velocity and grip strength were measured before and after the training. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to sum­marize the profile of the participants. The analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. Statistical significance was accepted for a p value of <0.05. Results: The outcome of this study showed that the STEP had significant (p < 0.05) effects on the gait velocity and grip strength of stroke survivors. Meanwhile, there was no significant (p > 0.05) effect of haemorrhagic and ischaemic groups of stroke sur­vivors on gait velocity and grip strength.
Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that the use of the STEP can substantially improve the gait velocity and grip strength of stroke survivors.
Социальная справедливость в здравоохранении: опыт и оценки россиян
Authors: Савельева Жанна Владимировна , Мухарямова Лайсан Музиповна , Кузнецова Ирина Борисовна 
Published: June 2018

Жанна Владимировна Савельева – доктор социологических наук, доцент, кафедра истории, философии и социологии, Казанский государственный медицинский университет. Адрес: 420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49. E-mail: gedier@mail.ru
Лайсан Музиповна Мухарямова – доктор политических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой истории, философии и социологии, Казанский государственный медицинский университет. Адрес: 420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49. E-mail: l.mukharyamova@yandex.ru
Ирина Борисовна Кузнецова – кандидат социологических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник, Школа географии, Земли и наук об окружающей среде, Университет Бирмингема; доцент кафедры истории, философии и социологии, Казанский государственный медицинский университет. E-mail: i.kuznetsova@bham.ac.uk
Цитирование: Савельева Ж.В., Мухарямова Л.М., Кузнецова И.Б. (2018) Социальная справедливость в здравоохранении: опыт и оценки россиян // Мир России. Т. 27. № 3. С. 154–179. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-3-154-179

В статье проанализированы оценки экспертов и мнение населения о справедливости российского здравоохранения. Проблема актуализируется в свете постсоциалистических трансформаций, снижения расходов на здравоохранение, неблагоприятных показателей здоровья россиян и обращает к научным дискуссиям в отношении трактовки равенства в сфере здоровья, соотношения прав, возможностей и равенства результатов, ответственности субъекта за здоровье, принципов распределения благ здравоохранения. Эмпирической базой работы являются результаты интервью с экспертами в области организации здравоохранения, пациентами и массового опроса населения двух республик: Татарстан и Марий Эл (2016–2017 гг.).
Результаты исследования выявили следующие проблемы: территориальные программы госгарантий и объемов медицинской помощи приводят к неравенству в доступе к здоровью как на межрегиональном уровне, так и между жителями городских и сельских территорий; своевременная диагностика и лечение малодоступны, прежде всего для пожилых и малообеспеченных граждан. Вопрос о справедливости здравоохранения в России вызвал затруднения у трети респондентов, мнения остальных разделились примерно поровну; вместе с тем значительная доля населения в последние годы видит улучшение качества здравоохранения своего региона либо оценивает ситуацию как сбалансированную; большинство опрошенных жителей разделяют идеи дистрибутивного понимания справедливости в здоровье, отвергая рыночные принципы платежей и идеи сопряжения меры ответственности за здоровье и инициативы оплаты медуслуг неработающим населением; лучшими средствами борьбы с несправедливостью в здравоохранении население считает увеличение расходов на здравоохранение, борьбу с коррупцией в высших эшелонах власти и повышение доступности бесплатных медицинских услуг. Исследование показало, что положение дел в российском здравоохранении имеет институционально закрепленные механизмы, препятствующие осуществлению справедливых принципов равных возможностей в отношении здоровья.
Necessary improvements of the GRS simulation chain for the simulation of light-water-cooled SMRs
Authors: Schaffrath A. , Krüssenberg A.-K. , Buchholz S. , Wielenberg A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Small modular reactors (SMRs) are one interesting option for new builds in almost all countries worldwide continuing to use nuclear energy for commercial power generation. For asserting of legitimate nuclear safety and/or security interests German authorities require in this context own and independent expertise for the safety assessments. The Gesellschaft für Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, which is the main technical support organization in nuclear safety for the German federal government, has among others performed a study on Safety and International development of Small Modular Reactors (GRS-376) to identify essential issues of SMR safety as well as needs for adaption, improvement and validation of nuclear evidence tools developed and applied by GRS. For the light-water-cooled SMRs, which have (at least according to GRS) the best prospects for realization, selected results of this study will be presented.
Clinical commissioning and introduction of an in‐house artificial intelligence (AI) platform for automated head and neck intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning
Authors: Li Xinyi , Sheng Yang , Wu Qingrong Jackie , Ge Yaorong , Brizel David M. , Mowery Yvonne M. , Yang Dongrong , Yin Fang‐Fang , Wu Qiuwen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeTo describe the clinical commissioning of an in‐house artificial intelligence (AI) treatment planning platform for head‐and‐neck (HN) Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT).Materials and methodsThe AI planning platform has three components: (1) a graphical user interface (GUI) is built within the framework of a commercial treatment planning system (TPS). The GUI allows AI models to run remotely on a designated workstation configured with GPU acceleration. (2) A template plan is automatically prepared involving both clinical and AI considerations, which include contour evaluation, isocenter placement, and beam/collimator jaw placement. (3) A well‐orchestrated suite of AI models predicts optimal fluence maps, which are imported into TPS for dose calculation followed by an optional automatic fine‐tuning. Six AI models provide flexible tradeoffs in parotid sparing and Planning Target Volume (PTV)‐organ‐at‐risk (OAR) preferences. Planners could examine the plan dose distribution and make further modifications as clinically needed. The performance of the AI plans was compared to the corresponding clinical plans.ResultsThe average plan generation time including manual operations was 10–15 min per case, with each AI model prediction taking ∼1 s. The six AI plans form a wide range of tradeoff choices between left and right parotids and between PTV and OARs compared with corresponding clinical plans, which correctly reflected their tradeoff designs.ConclusionThe in‐house AI IMRT treatment planning platform was developed and is available for clinical use at our institution. The process demonstrates outstanding performance and robustness of the AI platform and provides sufficient validation.
Electrical Characterization of a Large‐Area Single‐Layer Cu3BHT 2D Conjugated Coordination Polymer
Authors: Estévez Sandra M. , Wang Zhiyong , Liu Tsai‐Jung , Caballero Gabriel , Urbanos Fernando J. , Figueruelo‐Campanero Ignacio , García‐Pérez Julia , Navío Cristina , Polozij Miroslav , Zhang Jianjun , Heine Thomas , Menghini Mariela , Granados Daniel , Feng Xinliang , Dong Renhao , Cánovas Enrique 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding charge transport properties of large‐area single‐layer 2D materials is crucial for the future development of novel optoelectronic devices. In this work, the synthesis and electrical characterization of large‐area single‐layers of Cu3BHT 2D conjugated coordination polymers are reported. The Cu3BHT are synthesized on the water surface by the Langmuir‐Blodgett method and then transferred to SiO2/Si substrates with pre‐patterned electrical contacts. Electrical measurements revealed ohmic responses across areas up to ≈1 cm2, with a mean resistance of approximately 53 ± 3 kΩ at a probe separation of 50 µm. Cooling and heating cycles show hysteresis in the electrical response, suggesting different current pathways are formed as the samples underwent structural‐chemical changes during temperature sweeps. This hysteresis vanished after several cycles and the conductivity shows a stable exponential behavior as a function of temperature, suggesting that a temperature‐dependent tunneling process is governing the conduction mechanism in the analyzed polycrystalline single‐layer Cu3BHT samples. These results, together with density functional theory calculations and valence band X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data suggest that the single‐layer samples exhibit a semiconducting rather than a metallic behavior.
Mathematical Modeling of the Co‐Infection Dynamics of Dengue and Malaria Using Delay Differential Equations
Authors: Prakash Raj M. , Venkatesh A. , Arun Kumar K. , Manivel M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive mathematical model to analyze the dynamics of co‐infection between dengue and malaria using delay differential equations. The model investigates the transmission dynamics of both diseases, focusing on the stability of equilibrium points and the basic reproductive ratio, which measures the number of secondary infections caused by a single infected individual. A time‐delay component is incorporated to account for the incubation periods, enhancing the model's realism. The study performs a detailed sensitivity analysis and global stability assessments, providing insights into the control and management of diseases. Numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the effect of various transmission parameters on disease spread. This research highlights the importance of mathematical modeling in understanding co‐infection dynamics and provides critical insights for public health interventions, particularly in regions where both diseases are endemic. The results emphasize the role of controlling transmission rates and the use of vector management strategies in mitigating disease outbreaks.
A New Filter Based on Sliding Mode Method with Discrete‐Time Implementation for Noise Attenuation and Differentiation
Authors: Zhao Zuoping , Li Dongyang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel filter based on the sliding mode method for filtering noise and extracting reliable signals from noisy signals by enhancing Levant's sliding mode filter. Specifically, the proposed sliding mode filter takes advantage of the generalized signum function to adjust the gain in different regions of phase space, thereby decreasing the overshoot during the response phase. Additionally, the discrete‐time implementation of the proposed sliding mode filter is achieved by utilizing the implicit‐Euler algorithm, which effectively eliminates chattering in the output. The effectiveness of the presented sliding mode filter is substantiated via numerical simulation cases.
A Flexible Antibacterial Gel Electrochemiluminescence Device for Monitoring and Therapy of Chronic Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Yuan Yuzhu , Yan Dafeng , Duan Ruixue , Xiong Huayu , Wen Wei , Wang Shengfu , Zhang Xiuhua 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe rapid development of internal light‐driven photodynamic therapy stems from its capability to eliminate bulky physical light sources, addressing the medical requirements for comfort and portability in long‐term diabetic wound management. To overcome limitations such as tissue penetration depth and controllability of internal light sources, this study introduces an antibacterial gel electrochemiluminescence device for the treatment of diabetic wounds and the monitoring of wound bacteria. We deploy a large‐area luminescent device combining flexible screen‐printed electrodes and a dual‐network hydrogel, in which photodynamic therapy is driven by Ru@COFs' nanoconfinement‐enhanced near‐infrared electrochemiluminescence to achieve a deeper and safer antibacterial effect. The custom‐sized screen‐printed electrodes inherit the inborn electrochemical sensing function and enable intimate contact between reactive oxygen species and the wound. The device avoids physical light sources and provides a new paradigm for developing miniaturized integrated diagnostic and therapeutic wearable devices.
Novel Imine Complexes Incorporating ZrO(II), VO(II), and Pd(II) Cations: Synthesis, DFT Calculation, Molecular Docking, Antimicrobial, and Antitumor Activity
Authors: Abdel‐Fatah Shimaa M. , Basha Maram T. , Al‐Farhan Badriah Saad , Shehata Mohamed R. , Abdel Rahman Laila H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNovel imine complexes of ZrO(II), VO(II), and Pd(II) have been synthesized and described using IR, TGA, UV/Vis, and 1HNMR methods, along with powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), elemental (CHN) analysis, mass spectrometry, molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Conductivity measurements indicate that none of the complexes function as electrolytes. Magnetic susceptibility data confirm the paramagnetism of the VO(II) complex, while ZrO(II) and Pd(II) complexes exhibit diamagnetic properties. Various analyses suggest that divalent cations favor a 1:1 metal‐to‐ligand ratio. Biological studies demonstrated that all complexes possess significant antimicrobial activity against a range of bacterial and fungal strains. We also observed that the antimicrobial potency of the metal complexes follows the order: ZrO(II) > Pd(II) > VO(II) > H2A, with the ZrO(II) complex showing the highest inhibition zone (28 mm) against Gram‐negative bacteria. The antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus increases in the order VO(II) > ZrO(II) > Pd(II) > H2A. Additionally, the complexes exhibit high cytotoxicity against carcinoma cell lines, including the HepG‐2, when compared with the clinically proven vinblastine. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to elucidate the equilibrium geometry of the imine ligand and its complexes at the B3LYP level of theory, using the Gaussian 09 program with 6‐311G++(dp) basis set for C, H, O, N, and Cl atoms, and lanl2dz for Pd, V, and Zr atoms. Finally, docking studies revealed potential binding modes at the active sites of bacterial and fungal receptors.