bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF CADMIUM EXPOSURE ON INCREASING RISK OF DIABETES MELITUS THROUGH THE MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AND LIVER GLUCOKINASE ACTIVITY IN RATS
Authors: Thalib Iskandar , Budianto Windy Yuliana , Suhartono Eko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: This present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of cadmium (Cd) exposure on an increasing risk of Diabetes Melitus (DM), through the measurement of blood glucose level and liver glucokinase activity in rats. The subjects that used in this study are 15 male rats (Rattus novergicus) with normal activity, 2-3 months old, and weighing 300±10 gram. The research subjects the divided into 3 groups; P0 group are given commercial fed rats diets only; P1 are given commercial fed rats + Cd with a concentration of 3 mg/l in drinking water for 1 day (acute); and P2 are given commercial fed rats+Cd with a concentration of 3 mg/l in drinking water for 4 weeks (subacute). The results of this present study shows that treatment with Cd significantly increase the levels of blood glucose (P < 0,05). The result also showed that treatment with Cd can increase the Km value of liver glucokinase, and it means Cd exposure can decrease the affinity between glucose and glucokinase. The present study demonstrated that Cd exposure could increase the risk of DM through increased the blood glucose and decrease the activity of liver glucokinase. Keywords: Cadmium, glucose metabolism, glucose, glucokinase
HEMODYNAMIC STABILITY AND RECOVERY TIME OF PROPOFOL AND SEVOFLURANE IN ULIN GENERAL HOSPITAL BANJARMASIN
Authors: Lesiana Rina , Sikumbang Kenanga Marwan , Istiana Istiana , Susianto Oky , Wydiamala Erida 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: The main interest in general anesthesia is safety and the well being of the patient especially the stability of hemodynamic during induction until extubation. The most common causes of prolonging awakening are residual effects of drugs either anesthetics, sedatives, and analgesics. This study aimed to compare hemodynamic stability and recovery time between propofol and sevoflurane at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. This was an observational analytic study conducted in July until November 2016 on 31 patients. The result showed that mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate for 90 minutes maintenance were no significant difference in group-A (propofol) compare with group-B (sevoflurane), post hoc Bonferroni test showing p>0.05. Mean recovery time to consciousness was faster in group-A (10,46 minutes) than group-B (15,59 minutes), there was no significant difference in two group. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in hemodynamic stability and recovery time between propofol and sevoflurane. Keywords: hemodynamic stability, recovery time, propofol, sevoflurane.
TIME OF DIABETIC ULCER FOOT SUFFERING AND DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS IN ULIN GENERAL HOSPITAL BANJARMASIN
Authors: Puteri Rizka Dwi , Darwis Yulizar , Heriyani Farida 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Diabetic foot ulcers are one kind of chronic complication of diabetes mellitus in the form of an open wound on the skin’s surface and may be accompanied by local tissue death. Long term suffering of diabetic foot ulcers with physical and psychological changes may cause symptoms of depression. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between long term suffering of diabetic foot ulcers and symptoms of depression in RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional method. The samples were taken from systematic random sampling which resulted in 50 samples. Data was collected by interviewing samples with basic data questions to determine long term suffering of diabetic foot ulcers and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire to determine symptoms of depression. The data was analyzed by using chi square with 95% significance level. The results were 36 samples suffered for ≤8 weeks and 14 samples suffered for >8 weeks, meanwhile 31 samples with symptoms of depression and 19 samples without symptoms of depression. The result of statistic test found p value =0,002. In conclusion, there is a correlation between long term suffering diabetic foot ulcers and symptoms of depression in RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Keywords: long term suffering, diabetic foot ulcers, symptoms of depression, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin
EFFECT OF LENGTH OF PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES PERIOD TOWARD APGAR SCORE OF THE INFANT AND MATERNAL LEUKOCYTE SERUM IN ULIN GENERAL HOSPITAL BANJARMASIN
Authors: Salan Yosef Dwi Cahyadi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a condition of rupture of membranes before the birth takes place. The incidence of PROM varies from 3% to 10% of all births and complicates more than 3% of pregnancies with PROM. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the length of the PROM period toward the APGAR score of the infant and maternal leukocyte serum. The research design was analytic observational with retrospective cohort approach. From the result we found a correlation between PROM period with outcome of infant’s APGAR score, there were a total of 89 samples fulfilling the inclusion criteria, with 57 samples of PROM<12 hours (51 with good APGAR score and 6 with bad APGAR score) and 32 samples PROM> 12 hours (16 with good APGAR score, and 16 with bad APGAR score). From the result of the correlation of leukocyte level with the length of PROM period was found total of 84 samples fulfilling the inclusion criteria, with 54 samples of PROM<12 hours (53 with normal leukocyte score and 1 with leukocytosis score) and 30 samples PROM> 12 hours (28 with normal leukocyte score, and 2 with leukocytosis score). From the analysis results we obtained a strong relationship between the length of PROM period with the infant’s APGAR (P = 0.0001, OR 8.5), whereas in the relationship between the length of PROM period with maternal blood leukocyte level there is no significant relationship (p= 0,599). Keywords: Premature Rupture of Membranes, APGAR, Leukocyte Serum
POTENTIAL ETHANOL OF Carica papaya L. EXTRACT AS IMMUNOMODULATORY THROUGH HISTOLOGY OBSERVATION AT MICE BALB/C SPLEEN
Authors: Tasminatun Sri , Pravitasari Ria , Makiyah SN. Nurul 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: The diameter of the alba pulp of the spleen will be enlarged, when the body responds to allergens by increasing the activity of the immune system. Papaya fruits (Carica papaya L.) containing flavonoid that can be as an immunomodulator. This study aims to determine the effect of C. papaya extract to the diameter size alba pulp of the spleen of Ovalbumin (OVA) induced Balb/C mice. The research design was experimental in vivo animal test with post-test only control group design. Thirty male Balb/C mice, ±20grams weight, 8 weeks old, divided into six groups consists of a normal control, negative control, Methylprednisolone, and C. papaya extract treatment group (175mg/kg, 350mg/kg and 700mg/kg dose per day). The extract and Methylprednisolone are given for 28 days, while OVA is given on 15thand 22ndday (intraperitoneal,) and 23rd until 28thday (peroral). On the 29thday the mice are sacrificed and the duodenum was made into histological preparation with HE staining. The immunomodulator effect is assessed by the average of the diameter size alba pulp of the spleen under a light microscope. The data were analyzed using SPSS15 with one way ANOVA continued with Tukey test. The average of the diameter size alba pulp of the spleen for control group is 10,165 ± 0,195; negative control group is 30,357 ± 0,826; methylprednisolone group is 10,220 ± 0,346; 175mg/kgbb dose extract is 14,956 ± 1,057; 350mg/kgbb dose extract is 14,030 ± 0,667; and 700mg/kgbb dose extract is 12,504 ± 0,729. The conclusion of this study is Carica papaya L. extract treatment group (175mg/kg, 350mg/kg and 700mg/kg dose per day) has an effect to the average of the diameter size alba pulp of the spleen in OVA-induced Balb/C mice significantly. 700mg/kg dose per day has the same effect with the methylprednisolone group. Keywords: immunomodulator, Carica papaya L., alba pulp of the spleen, ovalbumin
THE EFFECT OF Trichuris muris EGG ON THE GOBLET CELLS IN INTESTINE OF MICE (MUS MUCULUS)
Authors: Ulfadila Lulu Hasna , Husairi Ahmad , Istiana Istiana 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Goblet cells are the immune response in the intestinal epithelium to produce mucus as a defense digestive tract mucosa caused by Trichuris muris infestation. The study purpose was to analyze the effect Trichuris muris towards goblet cells number in mice’s intestine. This research was a true experimental with the posttest control group design. The subjects were 30 male mice types BALB / c which 2 months old with an average weight 20-30 gram. Samples were taken by simple random sampling. Mice divided into a control group, low-dose group (40 worm eggs) and high-dose groups (200 worm eggs) observed for 30 days and then counted the goblet cells number in each preparation. The data analysis was tested by shapiro wilk test and one-way ANOVA and continued by post hoc test. The results demostrated the average value of the goblet cells number in the control group, low-dose and high dose increased by higher dose worm eggs and had the value (p =< 0.05). This described there were Trichuris muris’s eggs inflluence towards the goblet cells number in mice (Mus musculus). Keywords: Trichuris muris, mice (Mus musculus), goblet cells in intestinum
ANTI-NICOTINE VACCINES: NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR SMOKERS AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
Authors: Riska Marsheilla 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) become a global problem in the world. The increasing number of smokers in the world also led to significantly increased morbidity and mortality due to COPD. Many attempts were made, ranging from government policy that prohibits smoking in public places, to pharmacological therapy, and psychotherapy for smokers. However, often there is a failure to quit smoking. Dependence on nicotine is an important factor that causes someone failed to stop smoking. As for the pharmacological therapy is currently widely used to intervene in nicotine dependence, such as nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline. However, existing therapies have not given satisfactory results in reducing smoking rates and the number of COPD significantly. Therefore, the anti-nicotine vaccine that is currently in development and research, such as NicVAX, NIC002, TA-NIC, and SEL-068, become a new perspective for smokers to stop smoking and prevent long term recurrence. Keywords: nicotine, anti-nicotine, smoking, COPD
Potency of Swallow Nest Extract (Collocalia fuciphago) as Pancreaprotector Through Oxidative Mechanism in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Streptozotocin
Authors: Frethernety Agnes , M Satriyandi , Alexandra Francisca Diana 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome with characteristics of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can lead to the formation of excessive free radical compounds that trigger oxidative stress, especially on pancreatic β cells. Swallow nest contains amino acids which are insulin-forming compounds and glutathione that can act as a major reducing agent and antioxidant defense. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of swallow’s nest water extract as a pancreaprotector through oxidative mechanism in rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by streptozotocin. The rats induced by streptozotocin at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW and then randomly divided into 4 groups. Control groups were given aquades and 3 treatment groups, respectively were administered swallow’s nest water extract at doses of 1, 10, 100 mg/kg BW for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured on 7, 14 and 21 day. MDA measured after the animal is determined at day 28th.Level of fasting blood glucose and MDA were analyzed by statistic using Kruskal Wallis test followed by multiple comparisons Mann Whitney test. There was a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose level with p = 0.04 in all treatment groups compared the control group. The administration of swallow nest extract significantly decreased MDA pancreas with p value = 0.000 and dose 100 mg/kgBW extract of swallow’s nest significantly decrease pancreatic MDA level. The administration of swallow’s nest water extract shows decrease of fasting blood sugar and has a protective effect on the rats’ pancreas through oxidative mechanism. Keywords: Swallow's nest extract, MDA
Characterization and Antioxidant Potential Albumin Protein of Canna striata Fish to Rattus Novergicus Induced by Isoniazid Toxic Dose
Authors: Indahsari Noer Kumala 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: The Canna Striata fish is a potent source of albumin as an antioxidant. Albumin is a protein capable of binding to free radicals in plasma and has 17 disulfide bonds linking sulfur-containing amino acids. The existence of thiol group bonds in albumin extract of Canna Striata fish is possible to bind to diphenylphycril hydrazyl (DPPH), causing the antioxidant capacity of Canna Striata fish extract to be high. The accumulation of free radicals produced by the administration of antituberculosis drugs from the results of isoniazid metabolism can cause hepatic necrosis. So it requires antioxidants that can reduce free radical levels, which in this study was tested in white rats induced with isoniazid and then treated with albumin protein extract Canna Striata fish. This research method is the first experimental method done is the characterization of albumin protein extract Canna Striata fish with temperature 25˚C and 40˚C by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrilamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Then the antioxidant level was tested by measuring the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) after 2 last week treatment period in 5 groups of white rats are positive control group, negative control group and 3 treatment groups induced Isoniazid toxic dose are 37.8 mg accompanied by giving of albumin protein extract Canna Striata fish with content of 20ml/kg, 40 ml/kg and 60 ml/kg. The result of this study showed that there were ten albumin protein profiles with size 15,41 kDa, 19,74 kDa 28,6 kDa, 38,87 kDa, 46,08 kDa, 72,45 kDa, 94,42 kDa , 120.82 kDa, 142.80 kDa, and 155.97 kDa. Based on One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey statistic test, it were found that there was the significant influence and differentiation of Malondialdehyde (MDA) level on giving of albumin protein extract in white rats induced by Isoniazid with p-value 0,002. The most effective decrease in MDA levels is high levels of albumin protein extract of 60 ml/kg. Keywords: Albumin Protein Extract of Canna Striata, Malondialdehyde, Isoniazid
Ratio of Platelet-Limfosites and Leukosit Level as Indicators of Baby Feedback (APGAR Score) on Premature Rupture of Membrane Cases iIn Ulin General Hospital
Authors: Wibowo Yuvens Richardo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) has the potential effect to cause complications such as premature infants, neonatal sepsis, and intrauterine infection (chorioamnionitis). Some inflammatory markers have been investigated to detect PROM at their early stage and prevent the complications. Platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and leukocytes are a simple, affordable inflammatory marker, and have been used to predict a variety of inflammatory conditions. This study aims to see the relationship between PLR and leukocytes with APGAR Score in the case of PROM. This study was an analytic observational study with a retrospective cross sectional design. Data from 80 samples showed PLR and leucocytes had no significant effect on APGAR value (p> 0.05). Keywords: Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio, Premature rupture of membranes, APGAR score
Physical Activity and The Strength of Bone in Menopause Patients in National Sports Hospital in 2017
Authors: Waseso Laras Bani , Supartono Basuki , Fauziah Cut 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Osteoporosis is three times more likely to happen to menopause patients with low physical activity because it causes the bone mass to decrease. Standard examination for osteoporosis is a bone mass examination or also known as BMD (Bone Mass Densitometry). This research aims to identify the correlation between physical activity and bone strength in menopause patients. This is an observational analytical research which used cross-sectional design. The sample consists of 74 patients from Kemenpora National Hospital in 2017. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test. The result shows that 37% of low physical activity patients have normal bone strength, 63% of which have osteopenia and 20% of the patients have osteoporosis. Meanwhile, 52% of medium physical activity patients have normal bone strength, 19% of the patients have osteopenia, and 33% of the patients have osteoporosis. 16% of patients with high physical activity have normal bone strength, 18% of the patients have osteopenia, and 47% of the patients have osteoporosis. This research proves that there is a correlation between physical activity and bone strength in menopause patients (p = 0,004). Keywords: Physical Activity, Bone Mass Densitometry, Menopausal Women
The Development of Pharmacophore Modeling: Generation and Recent Applications in Drug Discovery
Authors: Lu Xin , Yang Hongyu , Chen Yao , Li Qi , He Si-yu , Jiang Xueyang , Feng Feng , Qu Wei , Sun Haopeng 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The pharmacophore concept in modern drug research is of great importance and promotes
the development of drug industry as indicated by the number of publications available.

Methods:
: In this article, we reviewed and highlighted some successful examples of pharmacophore modeling,
which was applied either in virtual screening for efficient hit discovery or in the optimization of the lead compounds.
Meanwhile, the analysis of some important aspects of pharmacophore modeling such as a database, the
software was listed as well.
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Results: Based on the analysis of these examples, we intended to provide an overview of pharmacophore-based
virtual screening, which we hope to help readers gain insight into this powerful technique.

Conclusion:
Owing to its’ convenience and efficiency, pharmacophore presents an essential method for drug
discovery.
Redox Sensitive Polysaccharide Based Nanoparticles for Improved Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ghassami Erfaneh , Varshosaz Jaleh , Taymouri Somayeh 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Among the numerous bio-responsive polymeric drug delivery systems developed recently,
redox-triggered release of molecular payloads have gained great deal of attention, especially in the field of
anticancer drug delivery. In most cases, these systems rely on disulfide bonds located either in the matrix crosslinks,
or in auxiliary chains to achieve stimuli-responsive drug release. These bonds keep their stability in extracellular
environments, yet, rapidly break by thiol–disulfide exchange reactions in the cytosol, due to the presence
of greater levels of glutathione. Polysaccharides are macromolecules with low cost, natural abundance,
biocompatibility, biodegradability, appropriate physical and chemical properties, and presence of numerous functional
groups which facilitate chemical or physical cross-linking.

Methods:
With regards to the remarkable advantages of polysaccharides, in the current study, various
polysaccharide-based redox-responsive drug delivery systems are reviewed. In most cases the in vitro/in vivo
effects of the developed system were also evaluated.

Results:
Considering the hypoxic and reducing nature of the tumor microenvironment, with several folds higher
glutathione levels than the systemic tissues, redox-sensitive polymeric systems could be implemented for tumorspecific
drug delivery and the results of the previous researches in this field indicated satisfactory achievements.

Conclusion:
According to the reviewed papers, the efficiency of diverse redox-responsive polysaccharide-based
nanoparticles with therapeutic payloads in cancer chemotherapy could be concluded. Nevertheless, more comprehensive
studies are required to understand the exact intracellular and systemic fate of these nano-carriers, as well
as their clinical efficacy for cancer treatment.
Cordycepin Modulates Body Weight by Reducing Prolactin Via an Adenosine A1 Receptor
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Yan , Wang Xueyan , Xu Hongyue , Wang Chao , An Yanan , Luan Wenjing , Wang Xuefei , Li Shulin , Ma Fangxue , Ni Lihui , Liu Mingyuan , Tang Xudong , Yu Lu 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Cordycepin is an extract from the insect fungus Cordyceps. militaris with various biological
function. In previous studies, cordycepin has demonstrated an excellent anti-obesity effect, but the mechanism
is unclear. It was also demonstrated that prolactin played an important role in body weight regulation and
hyperprolactinemia can promote appetite and accelerate fat deposition. In this study, we explored the molecular
mechanism of the anti-obesity effect of cordycepin.

Methods:
In Vivo, the obese rat model was induced by high fat diet for five weeks, and the serum and liver lipid
levels coupled with the serum prolactin levels were reduced following cordycepin treatment (P<0.01).

Results:
The results suggested that cordycepin is a potential drug that lowers blood and liver lipid levels and
reduces body weight related to prolactin. Cordycepin also protects adipocytes from enlargement and hepatocytes
from lipotoxicity-induced inflammation. In vitro, cordycepin inhibited prolactin secretion in GH3 cells via
upregulating the expression of adenosine A1 receptor, and the inhibition effect was blocked by an antagonist of
adenosine receptor A1 DPDPX, demonstrating that cordycepin may work as an adenosine agonist. Additionally,
cordycepin inhibited the ERK/AKT/PI3K pathway in GH3 cells. At the same time, cordycepin blocked prolactininduced
upregulation of lipogenesis genes PRLR, and phosphorylation of JAK2 in 3T3-L1 cells. In an in vivo
study, cordycepin downregulated the expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) but not the phosphorylation of
JAK2.

Conclusion:
Thus, it was proved that cordycepin modulates body weight by reducing prolactin release via an
adenosine A1 receptor.