bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arsenic–silicon priming of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds influence mineral nutrient uptake and biochemical responses through modulation of Lsi-1, Lsi-2, Lsi-6 and nutrient transporter genes
Authors: Khan Ehasanullah , Gupta Meetu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSilicon (Si) has attracted substantial attention because of its beneficial effect on plants during abiotic stress, including stress due to arsenic (As). We here report that priming rice seeds with As and Si together, helped the plant to sustain As stress for longer period. We examined Si induced tolerance against As in rice seedlings at short (7 d) and long (15 d) exposure periods under As(III) and Si treatments since their germinating stage. Results showed that the expression of As(III) transporter genes OsLsi1, OsLsi2 and OsLsi6 was more in As(III) + Si treatment as compared to control and Si treatment, but lower than As(III) alone treatments. The gene expression was maximum in shoot and root at 15 d over 7 d under both As(III) and As(III) + Si treatment, which ultimately leads to decreased accumulation of As in the presence of Si. Morphological characters, antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress marker (MDA), stress modulators (cysteine, proline), and enzymes related with ascorbate-glutathione cycle significantly altered during As(III) + Si treatment at both exposure periods. Further, macro and micronutrient contents also improved with Si, and differentially regulated 12 key genes (NR, NiR, AMT, NR, GS, GOGAT, PT, PHT1, PHT2, APase, KAT1 and HAK10) related with NPK transport and utilization. Results highlight that Si priming of seeds along with As(III) influences growth positively of As-stressed rice.
Stability of Circulating Exosomal miRNAs in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Sanz-Rubio David , Martin-Burriel Inmaculada , Gil Ana , Cubero Pablo , Forner Marta , Khalyfa Abdelnaby , Marin Jose M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExosomes are nano-vesicles present in the circulation that are involved in cell-to-cell communication and regulation of different biological processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are part of their cargo and are potential biomarkers. Methods of exosome isolation and the inter-individual and intra-individual variations in circulating miRNA exosomal cargo have been poorly investigated. This study aims for comparing two exosome isolation methods and to assess the stability of eleven plasma exosomal miRNAs over time. In addition to evaluate miRNA variability of both kits, the effect of freezing plasma before exosome isolation or freezing isolated exosomes on miRNA stability was also evaluated. MiRNA levels were tested in 7 healthy subjects who underwent four different blood extractions obtained in 4 consecutive weeks. One of the isolation kits displayed generally better amplification signals, and miRNAs from exosomes isolated after freezing the plasma had the highest levels. Intra-subject and inter-subject coefficients of variance were lower for the same isolation kit after freezing plasma. Finally, miRNAs that showed an acceptable expression level were stable across the consecutive extractions. This study shows for the first time the stability over time of miRNAs isolated from circulating plasma exosomes, establishing a key step in the use of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers.
Methyl quantum tunneling in ionic liquid [DMIm][TFSI] facilitated by Bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt
Authors: Do Changwoo , Sun Xiao-Guang , Jafta Charl J. , Dai Sheng , Ohl Michael , Mamontov Eugene 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe probe, for the first time, quantum tunneling in the methyl groups of the ionic liquid [DMIm][TFSI] facilitated by the presence of Bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt. The observation of tunneling is made possible by crystallization, rather than vitrification, of [DMIm][TFSI] at low temperature. Neutron scattering measurements detect quantum tunneling excitations at ~27 μeV at temperatures below 30 K in the presence of LiTFSI at a concentration of 1 mol/kg, but not in salt-free [DMIm][TFSI]. This indicates that the methyl rotational potential barrier is reduced by the presence of LiTFSI, thus bringing the tunneling excitations into the measurable range. The salt-induced reduction of the rotational barrier is corroborated by quasi-elastic scattering data associated with stochastic re-orientation of methyl groups measured between 40 and 60 K.
High-resolution hydrometeorological data from a network of headwater catchments in the tropical Andes
Authors: Ochoa-Tocachi Boris F. , Buytaert Wouter , Antiporta Javier , Acosta Luis , Bardales Juan D. , Célleri Rolando , Crespo Patricio , Fuentes Paola , Gil-Ríos Junior , Guallpa Mario , Llerena Carlos , Olaya Dimas , Pardo Pablo , Rojas Gerver , Villacís Marcos , Villazón Mauricio , Viñas Paúl , De Bièvre Bert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article presents a hydrometeorological dataset from a network of paired instrumented catchments, obtained by participatory monitoring through a partnership of academic and non-governmental institutions. The network consists of 28 headwater catchments (<20 km2) covering three major biomes in 9 locations of the tropical Andes. The data consist of precipitation event records at 0.254 mm resolution or finer, water level and streamflow time series at 5 min intervals, data aggregations at hourly and daily scale, a set of hydrological indices derived from the daily time series, and catchment physiographic descriptors. The catchment network is designed to characterise the impacts of land-use and watershed interventions on the catchment hydrological response, with each catchment representing a typical land use and land cover practice within its location. As such, it aims to support evidence-based decision making on land management, in particular evaluating the effectiveness of catchment interventions, for which hydrometeorological data scarcity is a major bottleneck. The data will also be useful for broader research on Andean ecosystems, and their hydrology and meteorology.
A quasi-experimental study of impacts of Tanzania’s wildlife management areas on rural livelihoods and wealth
Authors: Bluwstein Jevgeniy , Homewood Katherine , Lund Jens Friis , Nielsen Martin Reinhardt , Burgess Neil , Msuha Maurus , Olila Joseph , Sankeni Sironka Stephen , Millia Supuku Kiroiya , Laizer Hudson , Elisante Filemon , Keane Aidan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSince the 2000s, Tanzania’s natural resource management policy has emphasised Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs), designed to promote wildlife and biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation and rural development. We carried out a quasi-experimental impact evaluation of social impacts of WMAs, collecting data from 24 villages participating in 6 different WMAs across two geographical regions, and 18 statistically matched control villages. Across these 42 villages, we collected participatory wealth ranking data for 13,578 households. Using this as our sampling frame, we conducted questionnaire surveys with a stratified sample of 1,924 household heads and 945 household heads’ wives. All data were collected in 2014/15, with a subset of questions devoted to respondents’ recall on conditions that existed in 2007, when first WMAs became operational. Questions addressed household demographics, land and livestock assets, resource use, income-generating activities and portfolios, participation in natural resource management decision-making, benefits and costs of conservation. Datasets permit research on livelihood and wealth trajectories, and social impacts, costs and benefits of conservation interventions in the context of community-based natural resource management.
Is there a causal link between intracellular Na elevation and metabolic remodelling in cardiac hypertrophy?
Authors: Aksentijevic Dunja , O'Brien Brett A. , Eykyn Thomas R. , Shattock Michael J. 
Published: July 2018

Alterations in excitation–contraction coupling and elevated intracellular sodium (Nai) are hallmarks of pathological cardiac remodelling that underline contractile dysfunction. In addition, changes in cardiac metabolism are observed in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF) that lead to a mismatch in ATP supply and demand, contributing to poor prognosis. A link between Nai and altered metabolism has been proposed but is not well understood. Many mitochondrial enzymes are stimulated by mitochondrial calcium (Camito) during contraction, thereby sustaining production of reducing equivalents to maintain ATP supply. This stimulation is thought to be perturbed when cytosolic Nai is high due to increased Camito efflux, potentially compromising ATPmito production and leading to metabolic dysregulation. Increased Nai has been previously shown to affect Camito; however, whether Nai elevation plays a causative role in energetic mismatching in the hypertrophied and failing heart remains unknown. In this review, we discuss the relationship between elevated Nai, NaK ATPase dysregulation and the metabolic phenotype in the contexts of pathological hypertrophy and HF and their link to metabolic flexibility, capacity (reserve) and efficiency that are governed by intracellular ion homeostasis. The development of non-invasive analytical techniques using nuclear magnetic resonance able to probe metabolism in situ in the functioning heart will enable a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of Nai overload in cardiac pathophysiology. They will lead to novel insights that help to explain the metabolic contribution towards these diseases, the incomplete rescue observed with current therapies and a rationale for future energy-targeted therapies.
Transiting planet candidate from K2 with the longest period
Authors: Giles H. A. C. , Osborn H. P. , Blanco-Cuaresma S. , Lovis C. , Bayliss D. , Eggenberger P. , Collier Cameron A. , Kristiansen M. H. , Turner O. , Bouchy F. , Udry S. 
Published: July 2018

Context. We present the transit and follow-up of a single transit event from Campaign 14 of K2, EPIC248847494b, which has a duration of 54 h and a 0.18% depth.
Aims. Using photometric tools and conducting radial velocity follow-up, we vet and characterise this very strong candidate.
Methods. Owing to the long, unknown period, standard follow-up methods needed to be adapted. The transit was fitted using Namaste, and the radial velocity slope was measured and compared to a grid of planet-like orbits with varying masses and periods. These used stellar parameters measured from spectra and the distance as measured by Gaia.
Results. Orbiting around a sub-giant star with a radius of 2.70 ± 0.12 RSol, the planet has a radius of 1.11−0.07+0.07 RJup and a period of 3650−1130+1280 days. The radial velocity measurements constrain the mass to be lower than 13 MJup, which implies a planet-like object.
Conclusions. We have found a planet at 4.5 AU from a single-transit event. After a full radial velocity follow-up campaign, if confirmed, it will be the longest-period transiting planet discovered.
Das größte Unglück? Demenz zwischen persönlichem Erleben und gesellschaftlicher Repräsentation
Authors: Schweda Mark 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDemenz gilt weithin als größtes denkbares Unglück im Leben einer Person: Ein Zustand, der als so furchterregend angesehen wird, dass ihm sogar der Tod selbst vorzuziehen wäre. Der Beitrag nimmt solche Beurteilungen kritisch unter die Lupe. Er beleuchtet zunächst, wie es Menschen mit Demenz tatsächlich geht, was wir also über das Wohlergehen der Betroffenen wissen (können). Sodann geht er der Frage nach, aus welchem Grund das Syndrom heute gemeinhin derart negativ bewertet wird. Dabei ist insbesondere auf die Deutung demenzieller Erkrankungen im Lichte gesellschaftlich verbreiteter Wertvorstellungen einzugehen.
The Recovery of Factor VIII from Fresh-Frozen, Indated and Outdated Human Plasma
Authors: Whitman Daniel E. , Switzer Mary Ellen , McKee Patrick A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe availability of factor VIII concentrates is frequently a limitation in the management of classical hemophilia. Such concentrates are prepared from fresh or fresh-frozen plasma. A significant volume of plasma in the United States becomes “indated”, i. e., in contact with red blood cells for 24 hours at 4°, and is therefore not used to prepare factor VIII concentrates. To evaluate this possible resource, partially purified factor VIII was prepared from random samples of fresh-frozen, indated and outdated plasma. The yield of factor VIII protein and procoagulant activity from indated plasma was about the same as that from fresh-frozen plasma. The yield from outdated plasma was substantially less. After further purification, factor VIII from the three sources gave a single subunit band when reduced and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that the approximately 287,000 liters of indated plasma processed annually by the American National Red Cross (ANRC) could be used to prepare factor VIII concentrates of good quality. This resource alone could quadruple the supply of factor VIII available for therapy.
Properties of Human Tissue Thromboplastins from Brain, Lung, Arteries, and Placenta
Authors: Gonmori H , Takeda Y 
Published: July 2018

SummaryProperties of purified and delipidated human tissue thromboplastins (TTPs) from brain (BTTP), lung (LTTP), arteries (ATTP) and placenta (PTTP) were studied. The extinction coefficients were closely similar with a mean value of 8.3 ± 0.01 (SD). The molecular weights were 200,000 ± 3,000 (SD) (BTTP), 90,000 ± 2,000 (SD) (LTTP), 110,000 ± 3,000 (SD) (ATTP) and 250,000 ± 4,000 (SD) (PTTP). The maximum activity of each delipidated TTP after relipidation was obtained when phospholipid-delipidated TTP ratio was 2.0, and the maximum specific activity was 440 units per mg BTTP, 270 units per mg LTTP, 80 units per mg ATTP and 600 units per mg PTTP. Ouchterlony analysis with anti-delipidated PTTP antibody showed the reaction of partial identity between delipidated TTPs and the antibody. Studies of the reactivity of I-125-delipidated TTPs with the antibody gave the following average values for % bound I-125-TTPs in 2 hours: 3.6± 0.2 (SD) % (I-125-BTTP), 11.0± 0.3 (SD) % (I-125-LTTP), 4.4±0.2 (SD) % (I-125-ATTP) and 13.7±0.3 (SD) % (I-125-PTTP). It was also found that the antibody markedly neutralized the coagulant activity of saline extracts of brain, lung and placenta. These results indicate that delipidated BTTP, LTTP, ATTP and PTTP are different while being similar in some aspects and that complete TTPs are not coated with lipids in a manner inaccessible to anti-delipidated PTTP antibody.
Comparison between a Modified Ethanol Gelation Test and Protamine Sulfate Test. Experimental Studies
Authors: Zielinsky Ariel , Altman Raul , Rouvier Jorge 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA comparative experimental study has been made to correlate the protamine sulfate test and a modified ethanol gelation test, based on clinical observations of the solubility of a gel formed at 20° C (Godal and Abildgaard procedure) when it was transferred to a bath at 37° C. Two different results were obtained: the gel remained insoluble at 37° C or it became completely soluble, with intermediate degrees of partial solubility.Our studies indicate that this is due to the amount of fibrin monomers formed and the level of fibrinogen: the first are responsible for the insolubility of the gel and the second for its solubility. This furnishes us with useful information for diagnostic purposes.We found the protamine sulfate test more sensitive than the ethanol gelation test, and its sensitivity increased when fibrinogen level decreased.An insoluble gelation test is a sure indication of the presence of fibrin monomers, but a soluble gel calls for the protamine sulfate test to confirm this or the existence of high fibrinogen level.
Sedimentation and Adhesion of Platelets onto a Horizontal Glass Surface
Authors: Ruckenstein E , Marmur A , Rakower S. R 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn experimental method for measuring platelet adhesion to a glass surface and platelet sedimentation rate is described. Anticoagulated platelet-rich plasma is placed on a horizontal glass slide for various contact periods. The number of platelets adhering to the slide per unit area is recorded as a function of time. The experimental results are used to verify theoretical predictions which account for the effect of the slow sedimentation rate of the platelets and for their escape over the potential barrier between them and the solid surface. By a least-squares fit of the theoretical equation to the experimental data, both the platelet adhesiveness, in terms of P the probability to overcome the potential barrier, and the platelet sedimentation rate V are evaluated. A range of values of P and V for healthy humans is presented.
Effects of Bupranolol, a New β-Blocker, on Platelet Functions of Rabbit and Human in Vitro
Authors: Umetsu Teruhiko , Sanai Kazuko , Kato Tadakatsu 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effects of bupranolol, a new β-blocker, on platelet functions were investigated in vitro in rabbits and humans as compared with propranolol, a well-known β-blocker. At first, the effect of adrenaline on ADP-induced rabbit platelet aggregation was studied because adrenaline alone induces little or no aggregation of rabbit platelets. Enhancement of ADP-induced rabbit platelet aggregation by adrenaline was confirmed, as previously reported by Sinakos and Caen (1967). In addition the degree of the enhancement was proved to be markedly affected by the concentration of ADP and to increase with decreasing concentration of ADP, although the maximum aggregation (percent) was decreased.Bupranolol and propranolol inhibited the (adrenaline-ADP-)induced aggregation of rabbit platelets, bupranolol being approximately 2.4–3.2 times as effective as propranolol. Bupranolol stimulated the disaggregation of platelet aggregates induced by a combination of adrenaline and ADP, but propranolol did not. Platelet adhesion in rabbit was also inhibited by the β-blockers and bupranolol was more active than propranolol. With human platelets, aggregation induced by adrenaline was inhibited by bupranolol about 2.8–3.3 times as effectively as propranolol.From these findings. We would suggest that bupranolol might be useful for prevention or treatment of thrombosis.
Inhibition of ADP-Induced Platelet Aggregation by Adenosine Tetraphosphate
Authors: Harrison Margaret J. , Brossmer R 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn contrast to previous reports, highly purified adenosine tetraphosphate (AP4) does not induce the aggregation of platelets but inhibits the aggregation and release reaction in platelet-rich plasma promoted by ADP. The inhibitory action of AP4 on the aggregation by ADP is compared with that of AMP and ATP. The data presented suggest a competitive manner of inhibition of the ADP-induced aggregation by AP4.
Enhancement of Fibrinolytic and Thrombolytic Potential in the Rat by Treatment with an Anabolic Steroid, Furazabol
Authors: Kumada Toshihiko , Abiko Yasushi 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effect of long-term ingestion of an anabolic steroid, furazaboi, was studied on coagulo-fibrinolytic systems in the rat.During the administration of furazabol at the daily dose of 0.04, 0.2 or 1 mg/rat for 3 months, the most remarkable changes were increase in the plasminogen activator activity in blood and the lung tissue and decrease in plasma fibrinogen level as well as decrease in plasma cholesterol. It was a very important finding that in most of the rats the furazabol treatment was effective in reducing susceptibility to lactic acidosis-induced pulmonary thrombosis. No meaningful changes were observed in other parameters tested including ADP-induced platelet aggregability, plasma recalcification time, plasma plasminogen, plasma antiplasmin activity, plasminogen activator content of tissues other than the lungs and the release of vascular activator induced by venous occlusion. One month after cessation of the furazabol treatment, these altered parameters tended to return to normal.Independently on the furazabol treatment, highly significant positive correlation existed between the plasma activator activity and the pulmonary tissue activator content. This indicated that the major source of plasma activator in the rat was the lung tissue and that the furazabol treatment increased the circulating activator activity through enhancing activator content in the lungs.
Inactivation of α- and β-Thrombin by Antithrombin-III and Heparin
Authors: Machovich Raymund , Blaskó György , Borsodi Anna 
Published: July 2018

SummaryInactivation of α- and β-thrombin by antithrombin-III and heparin was studied, since it had been suggested that two forms of thrombin exist with respect to heparin sensitivity (Machovich 1975b).It was found that the inactivation rates of α- and β-thrombin by antithrombin were different, namely α-thrombin was more sensitive to antithrombin than β-thrombin. Heparin facilitated the complex formation between α-thrombin and antithrombin-III, whereas β-thrombin inactivation was only slightly affected.Furthermore, heparin protected α-thrombin against the inactivating effect of heat, while β-thrombin lost its activity during the heat treatment.These findings suggest that the formation of β-thrombin in blood circulation may have an important role in thrombosis predisposition.
Demonstration of Reactivity to Airborne and Food Allergens in Cutaneous Vasculitis by Variations In Fibrinopeptide A and Other Blood Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Complement Parameters
Authors: Theorell Henning , Blombäck Margareta , Kockum Carolina 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn a 32-year-old woman and a 40-year-old man with cutaneous vasculitis, etiological allergic responses to foods and airborne allergens were found. During provocation tests, observations were made on blood levels of fibrinopeptide A( FPA) and coagulation factors, fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and serum complement components. Skin biopsies were taken for microscopic and immunofluorescence analysis.In case 1, anaphylactoid allergy to milk and reaginic and anaphylactoid hypersensitivity to grass pollens were found. Dermal provocations with grass pollens gave arthralgia, hematomas, serum C3 fluctuation, factor VII reduction and fibrinolysis. During peroral milk challenge, transient increases in FPA and FDP levels were observed before symptoms appeared.In case 2, anaphylactoid hypersensitivity responses to bacteria, animal danders, foods and pollens were found. Two inhalations with sheep-wool extract resulted in a typical skin eruption. The first also gave an early reduction of C3 and then FPA liberation. Nasal birch-pollen test gave an increase of FPA in the latent period and then typical nodules. At least no low molecular weight FDP were detected during provocations.In patients with vasculitis reactions to exogenous allergens, FPA and FDP estimations after provocations may discriminate harmful from innocuous allergens and reveal individual response patterns in coagulation and fibrinolysis systems.