bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative assessment of disease surveillance activities in a resource‐limited environment: Perceptions and opinions of volunteer staff working in Northern Uganda
Authors: Mudasiru Omobola A. , Graham Thomas W. , Carlson Erin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnnually, groups of health professionals from high‐income countries are drawn to work in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) through timed engagements intended to improve the well‐being of people in most disadvantaged communities. The existing evidence on understanding volunteer experience in LMICs often focuses on activities within the medical discipline; whereas little research has been conducted on the experiences of volunteers in other disciplines. This paper focuses on understanding veterinary and public health professional's experiences conducting disease surveillance work in Northern Uganda. Forty US‐based health care professionals were recruited to complete multiple‐choice and open‐ended questions to understand prior and current experiences working in resource‐limited settings. Responses were coded using NVivo 10®, qualitative analysis package. Of the 44 volunteers, 50% completed the questionnaire. Responses were largely positive towards surveillance activities; they reported personal and professional gains, new cultural experiences and mutual learning environment with local colleagues. Nevertheless, respondents highlighted challenges during various stages of program implementation—some difficulty with program logistics, inadequacy of preparation materials, in addition to concerns inherent to working in a resource‐limited environment. This assessment suggests that international volunteer work could positively influence programmatic outcomes, personal experiences, furthering health organizational goals, often achieved in a limited time‐frame. To maximize volunteer impact, these assessments are critical and suggest that volunteer and institutional capacities should be seriously considered when planning placement as it can influence programmatic decision‐making, gauge training needs and volunteer readiness.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: August 2019

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 9 Darren Pullen, University of Tasmania, AustraliaGianpiero Greco, University of Study of Bari, ItalyGuilherme Tucher, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), BrazilJohn Bosco Azigwe, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, GhanaLucy Lugo Mawang, Kenyatta University, KenyaMatt Varacallo, University of Kentucky, USAMehmet Galip Zorba, Akdeniz University, TurkeyMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichael Wall, Independent Researcher in Music and Music Education, USAOzgur Demirtas, Inonu University, TurkeySadia Batool, Preston University Islamabad, PakistanStamatis Papadakis, University of Crete, GreeceVjacheslav Ivanovich Babich, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, UkraineYong Ki Yi, International Civil Aviation Organization, Korea Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Timing of voiding cystourethrography after febrile urinary tract infection in children: a systematic review
Authors: Mazzi Sara , Rohner Katharina , Hayes Wesley , Weitz Marcus 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundDespite a trend towards early voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) after febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) in children, clinical guidelines do not comment on the optimal timing and current practice varies considerably.ObjectiveTo assess whether the detection rate of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in children depends on the time period of VCUG procedure after onset of antibiotic therapy.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register electronic databases were searched for eligible studies without language or time restriction (19 November 2018). Inclusion criteria were (1) patients <18 years of age; (2) VCUG performed in patients with fUTI after onset of antibiotic therapy either in the same patient population or in two or more different patient populations within one study at different time periods; and (3) with reported detection rate of VUR. The systematic review was carried out following the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.ResultsOf 4175 records, nine studies were included (number of patients, n=1745) for the main outcome prevalence of VUR by VCUG <8 days compared with VCUG ≥8 days after onset of antibiotic therapy. Pooled overall prevalence of VUR was not significantly different between the early and the late VCUG groups (risk ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.19). Prevalence of VUR stratified by grade was not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionEarly VCUG within 8 days after onset of antibiotic therapy does not affect the prevalence of VUR.Trial registration numberCRD42018117545
Evaluation of policies for free maternal healthcare in low/middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Seki Regina Poima , Hendrie Delia , Daire Judith 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionImproving maternal health remains a health priority at the global and national levels. As part of the global strategy, many low/middle-income countries (LMICs) have implemented free primary healthcare policies for different service packages including maternal health. Free maternal healthcare policies aim to improve maternal health by removing the financial burden of accessing maternal healthcare services. The objective of this scoping review is to assess evaluations of free maternal healthcare policies and the impact on maternal health in LMICs. This will help identify theoretical and methodological approaches (or gaps if any) for evaluating the impact of free maternal healthcare policies to inform future work. It will also provide an evidence base for policymakers and other stakeholder with an interest in planning, funding and implementing evidence based and effective interventions to improving maternal health outcomes.MethodsThe scoping review will follow the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and refined by Joanna Briggs Institute. It will involve a literature search of the PubMed, Scopus ScienceDirect, Web of Science and CINAHL databases for peer-reviewed journal articles related to the impact of free maternal health policies in LMICs published from 2000 to the present. Two reviewers will screen and appraise eligible articles using preset criteria based on the ‘population-concept-context’ framework. A data extraction framework will be used to extract and chart data from the reviewed articles. The results will be analysed using descriptive numerical summary analysis and qualitative thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as the scoping review will synthesise information from publicly available materials. Dissemination will be through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at relevant conferences and workshops.
The Paris System for reporting urinary cytology in daily practice with emphasis on ancillary testing by multiprobe FISH
Authors: Vlajnic Tatjana , Gut André , Savic Spasenija , Bubendorf Lukas 
Published: August 2019

AimsThe Paris System (TPS) was introduced in the diagnostic routine with the goal to simplify and standardise diagnostic reporting of urinary cytology. The diagnostic categories of TPS are based on defined cytological criteria, with a focus on high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). While the categories ‘negative for HGUC (NHGUC)’ and ‘HGUC’ are straightforward, the categories ‘atypical urothelial cells (AUC)’ and ‘suspicious of HGUC (SHGUC)’ remain inconclusive. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of TPS in daily practice with special emphasis on ancillary fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) testing in the setting of TPS categories.MethodsIn a 19-month period, TPS was prospectively applied in the routine diagnostic setting on 3900 urinary cytology cases comprising bladder and upper urinary tract washings and voided urine specimens. Additionally, we analysed the results of the FISH assay UroVysion prospectively performed on a cohort of 128 cases enriched for AUC and SHGUC categories.ResultsThe most frequently reported category was NHGUC (n=3496, 89.7%), followed by AUC (n=178, 4.6%), HGUC (n=155, 4%), SHGUC (n=61, 1.6%), low-grade urothelial neoplasia (n=6, 0.1%) and other malignancies (n=4, 0.1%). In the FISH cohort, 40/90 (44%) cases within the AUC category were FISH positive, consistent with urothelial neoplasia. In the SHGUC category, 16/21 (76%) cases were FISH positive.ConclusionsWhen prospectively applying TPS in urinary cytology, inconclusive atypia accounts only for a small subset of cases. FISH additionally improves the stratification between reactive and malignant cells in the indeterminate AUC and SHGUC categories.
Workload, well-being and career satisfaction among French internal medicine physicians and residents in 2018
Authors: Cohen Aubart Fleur , Lhote Raphael , Steichen Olivier , Roeser Anaïs , Otriv Nguekap , Levesque Hervé , Morlat Philippe , Amoura Zahir , Mouthon Luc 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis work aimed to study the prevalence and risk factors associated with well-being and career satisfaction among French internal medicine physicians and residents.MethodsA total of 1689 French internal medicine physicians or trainees were surveyed to evaluate their workload, well-being and career satisfaction during February 2018.ResultsThe response rate was 620/1689 (37%). The mean age of the participants was 37 years (±12); 49% of the participants were female, 27% worked in the Paris area, 74% worked in a university hospital and 49% were residents. Sixty-six per cent of the responders were satisfied with their work, and 66% would choose the internal medicine specialty again. However, 71% of the responders worked more than 50 hours a week, 21% worked more than 60 hours a week and 70% believed that they did not have enough time for personal/family activities. Twenty-five per cent of the responders had at least one sign of burnout (19% of the physicians in practice and 32% of the residents). Compared with the graduate physicians in practice, the residents worked more hours a week, had more activities at night, spent more time on administrative tasks, had a worse global appreciation of their work and felt that their work was less meaningful. In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with global satisfaction at work were autonomy and meaningful work.ConclusionsFrench internal medicine physicians have a high rate of career satisfaction. However, residents have a higher workload, less time for personal/family activities and feel that their work is less meaningful.
Inhibition of AKT Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Antineoplastic Drugs by Downregulating Flap Endonuclease 1
Authors: Zhu Hong , Wu Congye , Wu Ting , Xia Wen , Ci Shusheng , He Weiru , Zhang Yilan , Li Lulu , Zhou Shiying , Zhang Jing , Edick Ashlin M. , Zhang Anna , Pan Fei-Yan , Hu Zhigang , He Lingfeng , Guo Zhigang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
DNA repair mechanisms are crucial for cell survival. It increases the cancer cell's ability to resist DNA damage. FEN1 is involved in DNA replication and repair, specifically long-patch base excision repair. Although the gene function and post-translational modification of FEN1 are well studied, the regulatory mechanism of FEN1 by upstream signal pathways remains unclear. In this article, we have identified AKT as a regulator of FEN1 activity in lung cancer cells. Sustained activation of AKT can phosphorylate nuclear transcription factor NF-κB/p65. NF-κB/p65 directly binds to FEN1 promoter to promote a high transcription level of FEN1, revealing the contribution of the AKT signaling pathway to drug resistance of cancer cells. The combination of an AKT inhibitor and cisplatin efficiently suppressed lung cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Our study illustrated an upstream regulatory mechanism of FEN1, which will contribute to the development of effective lung cancer therapies.
These findings identified AKT as a regulator of FEN1 activity and revealed the AKT signaling pathway's contribution to drug resistance, which will contribute to the development of effective lung cancer therapy.
Blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1 Enhances Adoptive T-cell Therapy Efficacy in an ICOS-Mediated Manner
Authors: Shi Lewis Zhichang , Goswami Sangeeta , Fu Tihui , Guan Baoxiang , Chen Jianfeng , Xiong Liangwen , Zhang Jan , Ng Tang Derek , Zhang Xuejun , Vence Luis , Blando Jorge , Allison James P. , Collazo Renata , Gao Jianjun , Sharma Padmanee 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Adoptive transfer of tumor-reactive T cells (ACT) has led to modest clinical benefit in the treatment of solid tumors. Failures with this therapy are primarily due to inadequate infiltration and poor function of adoptively transferred cells in the tumor microenvironment. To improve the efficacy of ACT, we combined ACT with dual blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1. Treatment with anti–CTLA-4 plus anti–PD-1 compared with monotherapy resulted in durable antitumor responses, enhanced effector function of ACT, utilizing PMEL-1 transgenic (Tg+) CD8+ T cells, and improved survival. Using PMEL-1ICOS−/− mice, we showed that deletion of the inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) receptor abolished the therapeutic benefits, with selective downregulation of Eomesodermin (Eomes), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and perforin. Higher expression of IFNγ and Eomes was noted in human ICOShi CD8+ T cells compared with ICOSlow counterparts. Together, our data provide direct evidence that ACT combined with immune-checkpoint therapy confers durable antitumor responses, which largely depended on CD8+ T-cell–intrinsic expression of ICOS. Our study provides a foundation of testing combinatorial therapy of ACT of CD8 T cells and dual blocking of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in patients with melanoma.
INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN THE DISTURBED FOREST OF BATUKAHU NATURE RESERVE, BALI, INDONESIA
Authors: Mukaromah Laily , Imron Muhammad Ali 
Published: August 2019

Patterns of invasive plant distribution and their underlying mechanisms are complex and varyÂ withÂ spatial scale. Within the mountainous tropical ecosystems of Bali Island, a local scale pattern of invasive plants is still poorly understood. This paper aimed to detect and investigate the presence of invasive species and to evaluate their relative abundance linked to forest site conditions along with an elevation range on Mount Pohen, Batukahu Nature Reserve, Bali, Indonesia. To identify the importance of environmental disturbances on species invasion, the disturbance-environmental factors and the species-environmental relationship were also measured and examined. Using the stratified random sample, 78 vegetation plots of 2 m x 2 m size were established in four forest sites. Ten invasive plant species belonging to ten genera and five families were identified. Of these invasive species, 40% were herbs, while shrubs and grasses comprised 30%, respectively. Austroeupatorium inulaefoliumÂ has the highest frequency (45% of plots); followed by Ageratina riparia, and Brachiaria reptans (40% of plots, respectively), Melastoma malabathricum (37%) and Calliandra calothyrsus (27%). Austroeupatorium inulaefolium was the most abundant invader, followed by Ageratina riparia, and the remaining invasive species were Pennisetum purpureum, Calliandra calothyrsus, Imperata cylindrica, Brachiaria reptans, Melastoma malabathricum, Lantana camara, Bidens pilosa and Blumea lacera, respectively. The distribution of invasive plants was strongly linked to the disturbance level of their respective habitat. The largest numbers invasive plants were present in burnt sites close to the forest edges with direct anthropogenic influence, while the undisturbed forest was the least invaded site. Further, the most invasive species mainly occurred at low elevations up to 1600 m a.s.l. and were rarely found at higher elevations. However, few invasive species such as Austroeupatorium inulaefolium and Melastoma malabathricum were able to colonize the highest altitude (2035 m a.s.l.), and to a lesser degree, Ageratina riparia and Brachiaria reptans were also distributed at high altitudes (1950 m a.s.l. and 1972 m a.s.l. respectively). This study provides a fine-scale analysis of invasive species distribution which will serve as a basis for conservation purposes, especially for strategic planning regarding the detection and management of invasive alien plants.
Does Commercial Diplomacy Overcome Impediments to International Economic Flows? The Case of Australia
Authors: Fry-McKibbin Renée , Nguyen Than Thuong 
Published: August 2019

Summary
This article empirically examines the effectiveness of commercial diplomacy in contributing to Australia’s merchandise exports and inbound foreign investment with 181 countries over the period 2010-2015. The combined effect of diplomatic entities increases Australian exports by 12.9 per cent and increases inbound foreign investment by 16.1 per cent compared to countries without representation. Commercial diplomacy is effective when there are impediments to exporting, such as markets being outside the region and having low economic freedom. Commercial diplomacy substantially boosts inbound investment from countries outside and within the region, from emerging and developed markets, and from countries with high levels of economic freedom.
The Global Historical and Contemporary Impacts of Voluntary Membership Associations on Human Societies
Authors: Smith David Horton 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReviewed here is global research on how 13 types of Voluntary Membership Associations (MAs) have significantly or substantially had global impacts on human history, societies, and life. Such outcomes have occurred especially in the past 200+ years since the Industrial Revolution circa 1800 CE, and its accompanying Organizational Revolution. Emphasized are longer-term, historical, and societal or multinational impacts of MAs, rather than more micro-level (individual) or meso-level (organizational) outcomes. MAs are distinctively structured, with power coming from the membership, not top-down. The author has characterized MAs as the dark matter of the nonprofit/third sector, using an astrophysical metaphor. Astrophysicists have shown that most physical matter in the universe is dark in the sense of being unseen, not stars or planets.
An Updated Severe Hail and Tornado Climatology for Eastern Colorado
Authors: Childs Samuel J. , Schumacher Russ S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA localized tornado and severe hail climatology is updated and enhanced for eastern Colorado. This region is one of the most active severe weather areas in the United States because of its location immediately east of the Rocky Mountains, intrusions of Gulf of Mexico moisture into a dry climate, and various small-scale topographically forced features such as the “Denver Cyclone.” Since the 1950s, both annual tornado and severe (≥1.0 in.; 1 in. = 25.4 mm) hail reports and days have been increasing across the area, but several nonmeteorological factors distort the record. Of note is a large population bias in the severe hail data, with reports aligned along major roadways and in cities, and several field projects contributing to an absence of (E)F0 tornado reports [on the (enhanced) Fujita scale] in the 1980s. In the more consistently observed period since 1997, tornado reports and days show a slight decreasing trend while severe hail reports and days show an increasing trend, although large variability exists on the county level. Eastern Colorado tornadoes are predominantly weak, rarely above (E)F1 intensity, and with a maximum just east of the northern urban corridor. Severe hail has a maximum along the foothills and shows a trend toward a larger ratio of significant (≥2.0 in.; ≥50.8 mm) hail to severe hail reports over time. Both tornadoes and severe hail have trended toward shorter seasons since 1997, mostly attributable to an earlier end to the season. By assessing current and historical trends from a more localized perspective, small-scale climatological features and local societal impacts are exposed—features that national climatologies can miss.
A Systematic Approach to Assessing the Sources and Global Impacts of Errors in Climate Models
Authors: Schubert S. D. , Chang Y. , Wang H. , Koster R. D. , Molod A. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe outline a framework for identifying the geographical sources of biases in climate models. By forcing the model with time-averaged short-term analysis increments [tendency bias corrections (TBCs)] over well-defined regions, we can quantify how the associated reduced tendency errors in these regions manifest themselves both locally and remotely through large-scale teleconnections. Companion experiments in which the model is fully corrected [constrained to remain close to the analysis at each time step, termed replay (RPL)] in the various regions provide an upper bound to the local and remote TBC impacts. An example is given based on MERRA-2 and the NASA/GMAO GEOS AGCM used to generate MERRA-2. The results highlight the ability of the approach to isolate the geographical sources of some of the long-standing boreal summer biases of the GEOS model, including a stunted North Pacific summer jet, a dry bias in the U.S. Great Plains, and a warm bias over most of the Northern Hemisphere land. In particular, we show that the TBC over a region that encompasses Tibet has by far the largest impact (compared with all other regions) on the NH summer jets and related variables, leading to significant improvements in the simulation of North American temperature and, to a lesser degree, precipitation. It is further shown that the results of the regional TBC experiments are for the most part linear in the summer hemisphere, allowing a robust interpretation of the results.
Evaluation and Intercomparison of Multiple Snow Water Equivalent Products over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Bian Qingyun , Xu Zhongfeng , Zhao Long , Zhang Yong-Fei , Zheng Hui , Shi Chunxiang , Zhang Shuai , Xie Conghui , Yang Zong-Liang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Snow cover affects the thermal conditions of the Tibetan Plateau through snow–albedo feedback and snowmelt, which, in turn, modulates the Asian summer monsoon climate. An accurate estimation of the snow condition on the Tibetan Plateau is therefore of great importance in both seasonal forecasts and climate studies. Estimation of snow water equivalent (SWE) over the Tibetan Plateau is challenging due to the high altitude, complex terrain, and insufficient in situ observations. Multiple SWE products derived from satellite estimates, reanalyses, regional climate model simulations, and land data assimilations are intercompared in terms of daily, seasonal, and annual variations and are then evaluated against in situ SWE observations. The results show a relatively consistent seasonal to interannual variability of the SWE estimates among the products. The discrepancies in magnitude are large, however, especially in winter and spring. Evaluation against in situ SWE observations indicates that none of these products is capable of accurately characterizing both the spatial pattern and temporal variations.