Abstract 2135: Complex roles of discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) in tumor growth and experimental metastasis: role of collagen I in DDR-mediated tumor growth
Authors: Wasinski Benjamin D. , Bonfil R. Daniel , Sohail Anjum , Kim Seong Ho , Polin Lisa , Saliganan Allen-Dexter , Bouhamdan Mohamad , Nabi Sayed , Kim Hyeong-Reh C. , Prunotto Marco , Fridman Rafael A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
DDR1 and DDR2 constitute a unique set of receptor tyrosine kinases that signal in response to collagen. Evidence indicates that DDRs play key roles in cancer progression. However, a comparison of the effects of DDR1 and DDR2 on tumor growth and metastasis within the same cellular context has not been done. To accomplish this goal, we developed a doxycycline (DOX) regulated system (Tet-Off) to express human DDR1b or DDR2 in the human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell line. The cells were then examined for their ability to form subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors, or experimental lung metastases after intravenous (i.v.) injection in SCID mice. To induce or repress DDR expression in vivo, mice were fed a regular diet or a diet with DOX, respectively. Because collagen I (COL I) is a ligand for both DDR1 and DDR2, a set of mice were inoculated s.c. with HT1080 cells suspended in COL I with or without DDR induction in –DOX and +DOX mice, respectively. Growth of s.c. tumors was evaluated by measuring tumor volumes and lung metastases were quantitated by Alu qPCR and histological examination. In the absence of COL I, expression of either DDR1b or DDR2 had no impact on s.c. tumor growth rate, when compared to cells without DDR induction (+DOX). However, in the presence of COL I, tumor growth rates were significantly higher only in HT1080 cells with induced expression of DDR1b or DDR2 (p&lt;0.001 for both), when compared to control cells inoculated with COL I into +DOX mice (no DDR induction). This suggests that a pro-oncogenic effect of DDR1b and DDR2 can be readily uncovered only in tumors growing within a COL I-rich environment. Because the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway has been shown to be regulated by extracellular matrix, homogenates of COL I tumors generated by cells with or without DDR induction were examined for levels and activation of Hippo pathway components. These analyses were consistent with Hippo pathway inactivation in tumors generated by DDR1b- and DDR2-expressing cells in a COL I matrix, consistent with their higher rate of tumor growth. Experimental metastasis assays revealed that induction of DDR2 expression had no impact on lung metastatic burden. In contrast, induction of DDR1b expression dramatically suppressed HT1080 lung metastasis formation, compared to control cells (no DDR1b induction). Collectively, these results suggest that: 1. Ectopic expression of DDRs in HT1080 cells accelerates tumor growth only when co-inoculated with COL I, consistent with a pro-tumorigenic effect of activated receptors within a collagen matrix. 2. A DDR/COL I axis supports HT1080 tumor growth, in part, by inactivation of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, suggesting that COL I-initiated DDR signaling regulates the Hippo pathway in vivo. 3. DDR1b, but not DDR2, is a potent suppressor of lung metastasis in the HT1080 model. Taken together, these studies provide novel insights into the complex roles of DDRs in cancer.
Citation Format: Benjamin D. Wasinski, R. Daniel Bonfil, Anjum Sohail, Seong Ho Kim, Lisa Polin, Allen-Dexter Saliganan, Mohamad Bouhamdan, Sayed Nabi, Hyeong-Reh C. Kim, Marco Prunotto, Rafael A. Fridman. Complex roles of discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) in tumor growth and experimental metastasis: role of collagen I in DDR-mediated tumor growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2135.