bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core fragmentation and Toomre stability analysis of W3(H2O)
Authors: Ahmadi A. , Beuther H. , Mottram J. C. , Bosco F. , Linz H. , Henning Th. , Winters J. M. , Kuiper R. , Pudritz R. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Keto E. , Beltran M. , Bontemps S. , Cesaroni R. , Csengeri T. , Feng S. , Galvan-Madrid R. , Johnston K. G. , Klaassen P. , Leurini S. , Longmore S. N. , Lumsden S. , Maud L. T. , Menten K. M. , Moscadelli L. , Motte F. , Palau A. , Peters T. , Ragan S. E. , Schilke P. , Urquhart J. S. , Wyrowski F. , Zinnecker H. 
Published: August 2018

Context. The fragmentation mode of high-mass molecular clumps and the properties of the central rotating structures surrounding the most luminous objects have yet to be comprehensively characterised.
Aims. We study the fragmentation and kinematics of the high-mass star-forming region W3(H2O), as part of the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) large programme CORE.
Methods. Using the IRAM NOEMA and the IRAM 30 m telescope, the CORE survey has obtained high-resolution observations of 20 well-known highly luminous star-forming regions in the 1.37 mm wavelength regime in both line and dust continuum emission.
Results. We present the spectral line setup of the CORE survey and a case study for W3(H2O). At ~0.′′35 (700 AU at 2.0 kpc) resolution, the W3(H2O) clump fragments into two cores (west and east), separated by ~2300 AU. Velocity shifts of a few km s−1 are observed in the dense-gas tracer, CH3CN, across both cores, consistent with rotation and perpendicular to the directions of two bipolar outflows, one emanating from each core. The kinematics of the rotating structure about W3(H2O) W shows signs of differential rotation of material, possibly in a disk-like object. The observed rotational signature around W3(H2O) E may be due to a disk-like object, an unresolved binary (or multiple) system, or a combination of both. We fit the emission of CH3CN (12K−11K), K = 4−6 and derive a gas temperature map with a median temperature of ~165 K across W3(H2O). We create a Toomre Q map to study thestability of the rotating structures against gravitational instability. The rotating structures appear to be Toomre unstable close to their outer boundaries, with a possibility of further fragmentation in the differentially rotating core, W3(H2O) W. Rapid cooling in the Toomre unstable regions supports the fragmentation scenario.
Conclusions. Combining millimetre dust continuum and spectral line data toward the famous high-mass star-forming region W3(H2O), we identify core fragmentation on large scales, and indications for possible disk fragmentation on smaller spatial scales.
Segregation effect and N2 binding energy reduction in CO-N2 systems adsorbed on water ice substrates
Authors: Nguyen T. , Baouche S. , Congiu E. , Diana S. , Pagani L. , Dulieu F. 
Published: August 2018

Context. CO and N2 are two abundant species in molecular clouds. CO molecules are heavily depleted from the gas phase towards the centre of pre-stellar cores, whereas N2 maintains a high gas phase abundance. For example, in the molecular cloud L183, CO is depleted by a factor of ≈400 in its centre with respect to the outer regions of the cloud, whereas N2 is only depleted by a factor of ≈20. The reason for this difference is not yet clear, since CO and N2 have identical masses, similar sticking properties, and a relatively close energy of adsorption.
Aims. We present a study of the CO-N2 system in sub-monolayer regimes, with the aim to measure, analyse and elucidate how the adsorption energy of the two species varies with coverage, with much attention to the case where CO is more abundant than N2.
Methods. Experiments were carried out using the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) set-up called VENUS. Sub-monolayers of either pure 13CO or pure 15N2 and 13CO:15N2 mixtures were deposited on compact amorphous solid water ice, and crystalline water ice. Temperature-programmed desorption experiments, monitored by mass spectrometry, are used to analyse the distributions of binding energies of 13CO and 15N2 when adsorbed together in different proportions.
Results. The distribution of binding energies of pure species varies from 990 K to 1630 K for 13CO, and from 890 K to 1430 K for 15N2. When a CO:N2 mixture is deposited, the 15N2 binding energy distribution is strongly affected by the presence of 13CO, whereas the adsorption energy of CO is unaltered.
Conclusions. Whatever types of water ice substrate we used, the N2 effective binding energy was significantly lowered by the presence of CO molecules. We discuss the possible impact of this finding in the context of pre-stellar cores.
Emergent Properties of Natural Products
Authors: Herzon Seth 
Published: August 2018

Emergence is the phenomenon by which novel properties arise from the combination of simpler fragments that lack those properties at their given levels of hierarchal complexity. Emergence is a centuries-old concept that is commonly invoked in biological systems. However, the penetration of this idea into chemistry, and studies of natural products in particular, has been more limited. In this article I will describe how the perspective of emergence provided a framework to elucidate the complex properties of two classes of natural products – the diazofluorene antitumor agent lomaiviticin A and the genotoxic bacterial metabolites known as colibactins, and sets the stage for a third class of molecules – antibiotics derived from the fungal metabolite pleuromutilin. Embracing the idea of emergence helped us to connect the aggregate reactivities of the colibactins and lomaiviticin A with their biological phenotypes. Emergence is a top-down approach to natural products and complements the classical bottom-up analysis of functional group structure and reactivity. It is a useful intellectual framework to study the complex evolved properties of natural products.1	Introduction2	Diazofluorenes3	Precolibactins and Colibactins4	Pleuromutilins5	Discussion and Conclusion
Variant of the Technique for Laryngeal Microsurgery in Cases of Difficult Laryngoscopy
Authors: Setton Antonio , D'avila Jeferson , Gurgel Ricardo , Tsuji Domingos , D'avila Daniel , Góis Carlos , Meurer Ana , Gurgel Helaina 
Published: August 2018

Introduction Low exposure of the larynx can make laryngeal microsurgery difficult or even impossible. The application of rigid and contact endoscopy enabled oblique and retrograde angled visualization, allowing transoperative staging with greater reach of the anatomical areas. However, there is difficulty or even impossibility of performing the surgical act, due to the incompatibility of the angled path with the straight surgical tools.
Objective To demonstrate the efficiency of the variant of the technique for laryngeal microsurgery in cases of difficult laryngoscopy and to analyze the new surgical instruments specific to the endoscopic procedure.
Methods This is a cross-sectional retrospective study, based on the analysis of 30 medical records of patients treated surgically at a philanthropic hospital in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, between the years of 2014 and 2015.
Results The technical variant used 30- and 70-degree endoscopes that provided complete oblique view of the endolarynx. The association of angled instruments (forceps, suction pumps, retractors and scissors) enabled the execution of the surgical procedures.
Conclusion The association of rigid endoscopy with angled instruments promoted full visualization of the surgical lesion and operative resolution.
Breakdown of the Wiedemann–Franz law in a unitary Fermi gas
Authors: Husmann Dominik , Lebrat Martin , Häusler Samuel , Brantut Jean-Philippe , Corman Laura , Esslinger Tilman 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Heat and matter currents are required to relax an out-of-equilibrium system with temperature and chemical potential gradients to thermodynamical equilibrium. The ratio of heat to particle conductance characterizes this response and takes a universal value for typical electronic materials, known as the Wiedemann–Franz law, originating in the quasi-particle nature of the excitations contributing to transport. Investigating the transport dynamics between two reservoirs of ultracold and strongly interacting Fermi gases, connected by a quantum point contact, we observe a nonequilibrium steady state, strongly violating the Wiedemann–Franz law. This cold atom version of the fountain effect, previously observed in superfluid helium superleaks, is characterized by a weak coupling between heat and particle currents that results in a nonvanishing Seebeck coefficient.
Put your “big girl” voice on
Authors: Stopfner Maria 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHeckles are an illegitimate, yet common way of commenting directly and immediately on what is being said at the lectern. However, (non-)verbal interjections can also be used to disconcert the speaker, thus scoring points within the parliamentary arena. In these cases, female delegates are often confronted with discriminatory remarks and comments that border on sexism and even misogyny. Based on the extensive literature on gender and discourse, the following paper will focus on gender-related heckles and analyse argumentative structures and topoi that are grounded in sexist stereotypes and conservative role-models. Presuming that these incidents are not isolated instances, the paper will compare and contrast several examples from around the world that have caught public attention.
Whole-Body Vibration and Trunk Posture During Operation of Agricultural Machinery
Authors: Fethke Nathan B , Schall Mark C , Merlino Linda A , Chen Howard , Branch Cassidy A , Ramaswamy Maya 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) is common among agricultural workers and is associated with musculoskeletal health outcomes such as low back pain. Little is known, however, about the characteristics of exposure experienced during actual production practices. We measured WBV levels during agricultural machinery use among a sample of farmers (n = 55) performing routine agricultural activities and explored machinery attributes that may explain WBV summary measures. We also measured trunk posture to provide additional information about physical exposures during machinery operation. Measurements were made on-farm and during actual work conditions of a sample of agricultural machines (n = 112), including tractors, combines, heavy utility vehicles, and all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Results indicated the presence of high levels of vibration (median frequency-weighted root-mean-square acceleration of approximately 0.8 m s−2) with time signatures that include high-amplitude mechanical shocks (median crest factor of nearly 23). Compared to other machinery types, combines exhibited the lowest WBV levels and among the most favorable trunk postures. Substantial variability was observed in both the WBV and trunk posture summary measures, suggesting for future studies that alternative sampling strategies are needed to fully capture temporal patterns of machinery use.
Missing data and prediction: the pattern submodel
Authors: Fletcher Mercaldo Sarah , Blume Jeffrey D 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY
Missing data are a common problem for both the construction and implementation of a prediction algorithm. Pattern submodels (PS)—a set of submodels for every missing data pattern that are fit using only data from that pattern—are a computationally efficient remedy for handling missing data at both stages. Here, we show that PS (i) retain their predictive accuracy even when the missing data mechanism is not missing at random (MAR) and (ii) yield an algorithm that is the most predictive among all standard missing data strategies. Specifically, we show that the expected loss of a forecasting algorithm is minimized when each pattern-specific loss is minimized. Simulations and a re-analysis of the SUPPORT study confirms that PS generally outperforms zero-imputation, mean-imputation, complete-case analysis, complete-case submodels, and even multiple imputation (MI). The degree of improvement is highly dependent on the missingness mechanism and the effect size of missing predictors. When the data are MAR, MI can yield comparable forecasting performance but generally requires a larger computational cost. We also show that predictions from the PS approach are equivalent to the limiting predictions for a MI procedure that is dependent on missingness indicators (the MIMI model). The focus of this article is on out-of-sample prediction; implications for model inference are only briefly explored.
Bayesian modeling of dependence in brain connectivity data
Authors: Chen Shuo , Xing Yishi , Kang Jian , Kochunov Peter , Hong L Elliot 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYBrain connectivity studies often refer to brain areas as graph nodes and connections between nodes as edges, and aim to identify neuropsychiatric phenotype-related connectivity patterns. When performing group-level brain connectivity alternation analyses, it is critical to model the dependence structure between multivariate connectivity edges to achieve accurate and efficient estimates of model parameters. However, specifying and estimating dependencies between connectivity edges presents formidable challenges because (i) the dimensionality of parameters in the covariance matrix is high (of the order of the fourth power of the number of nodes); (ii) the covariance between a pair of edges involves four nodes with spatial location information; and (iii) the dependence structure between edges can be related to unknown network topological structures. Existing methods for large covariance/precision matrix regularization and spatial closeness-based dependence structure specification/estimation models may not fully address the complexity and challenges. We develop a new Bayesian nonparametric model that unifies information from brain network areas (nodes), connectivity (edges), and covariance between edges by constructing the function of covariance matrix based on the underlying network topological structure. We perform parameter estimation using an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We apply our method to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 60 subjects of a schizophrenia study and simulated data to demonstrate the performance of our method.
In Vivo Femtosecond Laser Subsurface Cortical Microtransections Attenuate Acute Rat Focal Seizures
Authors: Nagappan Shivathmihai , Liu Lena , Fetcho Robert , Nguyen John , Nishimura Nozomi , Radwanski Ryan E , Lieberman Seth , Baird-Daniel Eliza , Ma Hongtao , Zhao Mingrui , Schaffer Chris B , Schwartz Theodore H 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent evidence shows that seizures propagate primarily through supragranular cortical layers. To selectively modify these circuits, we developed a new technique using tightly focused, femtosecond infrared laser pulses to make as small as ~100 µm-wide subsurface cortical incisions surrounding an epileptic focus. We use this “laser scalpel” to produce subsurface cortical incisions selectively to supragranular layers surrounding an epileptic focus in an acute rodent seizure model. Compared with sham animals, these microtransections completely blocked seizure initiation and propagation in 1/3 of all animals. In the remaining animals, seizure frequency was reduced by 2/3 and seizure propagation reduced by 1/3. In those seizures that still propagated, it was delayed and reduced in amplitude. When the recording electrode was inside the partially isolated cube and the seizure focus was on the outside, the results were even more striking. In spite of these microtransections, somatosensory responses to tail stimulation were maintained but with reduced amplitude. Our data show that just a single enclosing wall of laser cuts limited to supragranular layers led to a significant reduction in seizure initiation and propagation with preserved cortical function. Modification of this concept may be a useful treatment for human epilepsy.
Age Effects in Sequence-Construction for a Continuous Cognitive Task: Similar Sequence-Trends but Fewer Switch-Points
Authors: Löckenhoff Corinna E , Rutt Joshua L , Samanez-Larkin Gregory R , Gallagher Casey , O’Donoghue Ted , Reyna Valerie F 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesMany real-life settings require decision makers to sort a predetermined set of outcomes or activities into a preferred sequence and people vary in whether they prefer to tackle the most challenging aspects first, leave them for the last, or intersperse them with less challenging outcomes. Prior research on age differences in sequence-preferences has focused on discrete and hypothetical events. The present study expands this work by examining sequence-preferences for a realistic, continuous, sustained, and cognitively challenging task.MethodsParticipants (N = 121, aged 21–86) were asked to complete 10 min of a difficult cognitive task (2-back), 10 min of an easy cognitive task (1-back), and 10 min of rest over the course of a 30-min interval. They could complete the tasks in any order and switch tasks as often as they wished and they were rewarded for correct performance. Additional measures included affective and physiological responses, task accuracy, time-perspective, and demographics.ResultsThe majority of participants constructed sequences with decreasing task difficulty. Preferences for the general trend of the sequence were not significantly related to age, but the number of switches among the tasks decreased with age, and task-switching tended to incur greater accuracy decrements among older as compared to younger adults.DiscussionWe address potential methodological concerns, discuss theoretical implications, and consider potential real-life applications.
Irreducible Representations of the Group of Unipotent Matrices of Order 4 over Integers
Authors: Beloshapka Iuliya 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We study a coarse moduli space of irreducible representations of the group of unipotent matrices of order $4$ over the ring of integers that have finite weight. All such representations are known to be monomial (see [4]). To describe a coarse moduli space of such representations, we need to study pairs of subgroups and their characters, which induce non-isomorphic irreducible representations. We obtain a full classification of such pairs and, respectively, a coarse moduli space.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics of mycophenolic acid and its clinical correlations in maintenance immunosuppression for lupus nephritis
Authors: Yap Desmond Y H , Tam Chun Hay , Yung Susan , Wong Sunny , Tang Colin S O , Mok Temy M Y , Yuen Catherine K Y , Ma Maggie K M , Lau Chak Sing , Chan Tak Mao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is little data on mycophenolic acid (MPA) pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics and optimal MPA exposure in lupus nephritis (LN) patients during long-term maintenance.MethodsWe measured blood MPA levels at 1, 2, 4, 8, 10 and 12-h post-dose (i.e. C1, C2, C4, C8, C10 and C12) in 88 stable LN patients receiving maintenance prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil, repeated every 6 months. The relationship between MPA exposure and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2; rs2273697, rs3740066, rs717620 and rs17222723), organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs; rs7311358 and rs4149117) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT; rs17863762, rs6714486, rs17868320 and rs72551330) was also investigated.ResultsC1, C2 and C12 were 8.3 ± 6.6 , 7.2 ± 5.2 and 2.0 ± 1.4 mg/L and all correlated with the 12-h area under the curve (AUC0–12; r = 0.51, 0.85 and 0.73; P = 0.02, &lt;0.001 and &lt;0.001, respectively). C12 inversely correlated with hemoglobin, immunoglobulins and leukocyte levels (P &lt; 0.05 for all). Five renal flares, 11 episodes of infection and 10 episodes of anemia (hemoglobin &lt;10 g/dL) occurred over 96 weeks, with a corresponding C12 of 1.3 ± 0.5, 4.3 ± 2.6 and 2.9 ± 1.5 mg/L, respectively (versus 2.4 ± 1.2, 1.8 ± 1.2 and 1.7 ± 1.1 mg/L in patients without these complications; P = 0.041, &lt;0.001 and 0.004). SNP rs2273697 A/G in the ABCC2 gene was associated with lower MPA exposure compared with G/G (1075.9 ± 239.9 versus 1891.5 ± 918.9 mgh/L per g/kg; P = 0.003). SNPs of OATP and UGT were unrelated to MPA level.ConclusionMPA C12 correlates with the AUC0–12 and is related to renal flare, infection and anemia. SNP rs2273697 A/G is associated with lower MPA exposure.
Latent Class Analysis of E-cigarette Use Sessions in Their Natural Environments
Authors: Lee Youn Ok , Morgan-Lopez Antonio A , Nonnemaker James M , Pepper Jessica K , Hensel Edward C , Robinson Risa J 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Delivery of nicotine and substances from electronic nicotine delivery systems, or e-cigarettes, depends in part on how users puff on the devices. Little is known about variation in puffing behavior to inform testing protocols or understand whether puffing behaviors result in increased exposure to emissions.

Methods
We analyzed puff topography data collected using a wireless portable use monitor (wPUM) continuously over 2 weeks among 34 current second-generation e-cigarette users in their everyday lives. For each puff, the wPUM recorded date, time, duration, volume, flow rate, and inter-puff interval.

Results
We defined use session and classes at the session level using multilevel latent profile analysis, resulting in two session classes and three person types. Session class 1 (“light”) was characterized by 14.7 puffs per session (PPS), low puff volume (59.9 ml), flow rate (28.7 ml/s), and puff duration (202.7 s × 100). Session class 2 (“heavy”) was characterized by 16.7 PPS with a high puff volume (290.9 ml), flow rate (71.5 ml/s), and puff duration (441.1 s × 100). Person class 1 had almost exclusively “light” sessions (98.0%), whereas person class 2 had a majority of “heavy” sessions (60.7%) and person class 3 had a majority of “light” sessions (75.3%) but some “heavy” sessions (24.7%).

Conclusion
Results suggest there are different session topography patterns among e-cigarette users. Further assessment is needed to determine whether some users have increased exposure to constituents and/or health risks because of e-cigarettes.

Implications
Our study examines topography characteristics in a users’ natural setting to identify two classes of e-cigarette session behavior and three classes of users. These results suggest that it is important for studies on the health effects of e-cigarettes to take variation in user topography into account. It is crucial to accurately understand the topography profiles of session and user types to determine whether some users are at greater exposure to harmful or potentially harmful constituents and risks from e-cigarettes as they are used by consumers.
“Check Out the Hook While My DJ Revolves It”
Authors: Coddington Amy 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
During the late 1980s, Top 40 radio stations in the United States considerably increased their programming of rap, facilitating hip hop’s crossover into the mainstream. Concerned about potential negative responses from advertisers and listeners based on rap’s sound as well as the presumed racial identity of rap’s performers and audiences, these stations primarily programmed songs that mixed hip hop aesthetics with the more traditional sounds of pop, disguising some of the sonic qualities of rap that programmers worried were offensive to their audiences. These songs did not just change the generic makeup of Top 40 radio; instead, they profoundly influenced the newly interconnected futures of pop and rap music.