bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections on a Human Rights Decade, Near and Far
Authors: Gready Paul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article reflects on some lessons from the past decade, taking as its point of reference two interventions at the Centre for Applied Human Rights (CAHR), University of York: the campaign for York to become a human rights city, and a Protective Fellowship Scheme for Human Rights Defenders at Risk. It draws a number of lessons for human rights from these interventions, which link the local and specific to broader global dynamics. These lessons are: develop (bigger) visions; defend victories, define progress; re-engage majority populations; reframe arguments and narratives; rethink partnerships and solidarities without and within; and channel despair. The argument resonates with an understanding of human rights practice as characterized by complex judgments, balancing arguments and values, and the navigation of dilemmas, rather than certainties, absolutes and proclamations.
Ideal Point Estimation in Political Hierarchies: A Framework and an Application to the US Executive Branch
Authors: Acs Alex 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article develops a procedure for estimating the ideal points of actors in a political hierarchy, such as a public bureaucracy. The procedure is based on a spatial auditing model and is motivated by the idea that while agents within a political hierarchy are typically segregated in different policy fiefdoms, they are bound to a common principal that can scrutinize their policy proposals through selective reviews, or audits. The theoretical model shows how a principal’s decision to audit an agent’s proposal can reveal both actors’ spatial preferences, despite the strategic nature of the interaction. Empirical identification of the ideal points comes from leveraging settings where elections replace principals over time, but not agents. Although the procedure is quite general, I provide an illustration using data on federal regulatory policymaking in the United States and recover ideal point estimates for presidents and agencies across three administrations.
Geographic variation and evolutionary history of Dipodomys nitratoides (Rodentia: Heteromyidae), a species in severe decline
Authors: Patton James L , Williams Daniel F , Kelly Patrick A , Cypher Brian L , Phillips Scott E 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe examined geographic patterns of diversification in the highly impacted San Joaquin kangaroo rat, Dipodomys nitratoides, throughout its range in the San Joaquin Valley and adjacent basins in central California. The currently recognized subspecies were distinct by the original set of mensural and color variables used in their formal diagnoses, although the Fresno kangaroo rat (D. n. exilis) is the most strongly differentiated with sharp steps in character clines relative to the adjacent Tipton (D. n. nitratoides) and short-nosed (D. n. brevinasus) races. The latter two grade more smoothly into one another but still exhibit independent, and different, character clines within themselves. At the molecular level, as delineated by mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, most population samples retain high levels of diversity despite significant retraction in the species range and severe fragmentation of local populations in recent decades due primarily to landscape conversion for agriculture and secondarily to increased urbanization. Haplotype apportionment bears no relationship to morphologically defined subspecies boundaries. Rather, a haplotype network is shallow, most haplotypes are single-step variants, and the time to coalescence is substantially more recent than the time of species split between D. nitratoides and its sister taxon, D. merriami. The biogeographic history of the species within the San Joaquin Valley appears tied to mid-late Pleistocene expansion following significant drying of the valley resulting from the rain shadow produced by uplift of the Central Coastal Ranges.
Refugees as Actors? Critical Reflections on Global Refugee Policies on Self-reliance and Resilience
Authors: Krause Ulrike , Schmidt Hannah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlobal policies designed to promote the self-reliance and resilience of refugees strive to increase their abilities to deal with hardships; in doing so, they rhetorically shift refugees from the category of ‘vulnerable’ to that of capable actors. This shift as well as policy effects on refugees are at the core of this article. The meanings in global refugee policies, and particularly in UNHCR policies on self-reliance and resilience, are explored through an interpretive analysis. The article shows that, in lieu of the assumed shift, these policies continue to use vulnerability ascriptions and thereby produce binary categories of vulnerable versus self-reliant or resilient refugees. ‘Objective’ criteria are installed that obscure the idea of refugees as self-determined actors and lead to an understanding of them as ‘actors-to-be’. It is ultimately argued that self-reliance and resilience policies support the logic of traditional humanitarian aid and, rather than promoting refugees’ own capabilities, strengthen the power of aid agencies over refugees.
The Impact of Broadband Access on Social and Economic Integration: Results from the RefugeeMobile Pilot
Authors: Evans William N , Perry Brendan , Factor Rachel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Internet is a ubiquitous feature of everyday life and an important research question is whether improving broadband access for at-risk groups such as refugees enhances social and economic outcomes. The article reports the results of the RefugeeMobile pilot where a sample of refugees to the United States were randomly assigned a smartphone (n = 82) with eight months of free service and pre-loaded apps designed to help them adjust to life in the United States, or not (n = 74). At a one-year follow-up, results indicate that assignment to treatment generates statistically significant increases in smartphone ownership and Internet access, and some measures of social integration. Results for employment and earnings were positive but statistically insignificant. Treatment-group members had fewer interactions with their case worker, a smaller fraction of in-office visits and hence a larger fraction of interactions by phone than control-group members, suggesting the pilot may have increased programme efficiency.
A black esophagus as a result of treatment of inferior vena cava occlusion by a massive pelvic schwannoma
Authors: AlJamal Yazan N , Billings Jacob J , Dozios Eric J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This case presentation involves a 57-year-old-male who suffered multiple adverse sequels from the delayed diagnosis of a large presacral mass. He initially presented with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Several months later, he had developed a pulmonary embolus. Imaging demonstrated a 13 × 14 cm presacral pelvic mass that occluded the right-sided venous return from the leg and caused the DVT and pulmonary embolism. An inferior vena cava filter was placed and eventually clotted. He then was referred to our institution for surgical consultation. The patient received lytic therapy and unfortunately developed hematemesis and a significant hemoglobin drop. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed a black esophagus. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed a patent foramen ovale. The patient eventually stabilized and a repeat EGD a week later showed resolution of the ischemic esophagus. The patient later underwent a resection of the pelvic mass. The surgical approach and the surgical decision-making will be discussed.
Stage IV jejunal adenocarcinoma: a multimodal therapeutic success story
Authors: Seomangal Karishma , Neary Paul 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Small bowel adenocarcinoma is rare with an incidence of 2.6 in 100 000 patients. Diagnosis is often fortuitous and usually presents late. We present the case of a 36-year-old male who attended the emergency department with worsening abdominal discomfort. A computed tomography scan showed high-grade jejunal obstruction secondary to a jejunal mass suspicious for carcinoma with disseminated peritoneal carcinomatosis and hepatic metastases. Following a conservative approach, his obstruction settled. He commenced on a total of 12 cycles of FOLFOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin) and bevacizumab. After re-presenting with intermittent intussusception, a decision for surgical resection was made. On laparoscopy, there was no evidence of hepatic metastases or peritoneal carcinomatosis. A jejunal resection was carried out with an uneventful postoperative period. The patient remains disease free. Despite presenting with an advanced stage, a multimodal approach to these rare tumors may yield surprising and optimistic outcomes.
Nitric oxide in the physiology and quality of fleshy fruits
Authors: Palma José M , Freschi Luciano , Rodríguez-Ruiz Marta , González-Gordo Salvador , Corpas Francisco J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Fruits are unique to flowering plants and confer a selective advantage as they facilitate seed maturation and dispersal. In fleshy fruits, development and ripening are associated with numerous structural, biochemical, and physiological changes, including modifications in the general appearance, texture, flavor, and aroma, which ultimately convert the immature fruit into a considerably more attractive and palatable structure for seed dispersal by animals. Treatment with exogenous nitric oxide (NO) delays fruit ripening, prevents chilling damage, promotes disease resistance, and enhances the nutritional value. The ripening process is influenced by NO, which operates antagonistically to ethylene, but it also interacts with other regulatory molecules such as abscisic acid, auxin, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, melatonin, and hydrogen sulfide. NO content progressively declines during fruit ripening, with concomitant increases in protein nitration and nitrosation, two post-translational modifications that are promoted by reactive nitrogen species. Dissecting the intimate interactions of NO with other ripening-associated factors, including reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the aforementioned phytohormones, remains a challenging subject of research. In this context, integrative ‘omics’ and gene-editing approaches may provide additional knowledge of the impact of NO in the regulatory processes involved in controlling physiology and quality traits in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits.
Unexpectedly Weak Anti-B in 2 Group O Pediatric Patients on Parenteral Nutrition and Disease Specific Supplemental Enteral Feeds
Authors: Kaplan Alesia , Gabert Kimberly A , Yazer Mark H 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnti-A and anti-B antibodies are naturally occurring and develop from exposure to intestinal bacteria after age 4 to 6 months. In the laboratory, strong agglutination with A1 and B cells, or B cells only and A1 cells only, on reverse typing in a healthy person with immunocompetence is expected for patients with ABO types O, A, and B, respectively. However, absent or weak anti-A and anti-B antibodies can be observed in some clinical scenarios, such as patients with immunodeficiencies, newborns, elderly patients, and patients who have recently received bone marrow transplants. In this article, we report the cases of 2 pediatric patients with group O blood type who were receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and disease-specific enteral feeds and who have strong anti-A and absent/weak anti-B.
The Impact and Prognostic Significance of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Upregulated 1 (CLLU1) Gene Expression in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Sevinc Mustafa , Karabulut Aydın , Eskazan Ahmet Emre , Catal Tatonyan Suzin , Ozbek Ugur , Soysal Teoman 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To determine CLLU1 gene levels and the relationship of that gene among other prognostic parameters in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Methods
Bone-marrow infiltration pattern, β2-microglobulin (β 2-M), cluster of differentiation (CD)38, and ZAP-70 status were recorded. CLLU1 levels were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and expressed as folds. The relationship between CLLU1 and other known prognostic parameters was evaluated.

Results
CLLU1 expression was positive in 81 patients and negative in 3 patients. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) CLLU1 level was 6.45 folds (3.75–16.57 folds) in patients with β 2-M normal values and 16.22 folds (3.91–62.00 folds) in patients with increased β 2-M (P = .15). Patients with a higher CD38 value than the median level had 3 times higher CLLU1 levels than the other group (P = .07). The median (IQR) CLLU1 level was 4.25 folds (2.75–13.71 folds) in patients with CLL who tested negative on ZAP-70, whereas it was 49.52 folds (15.06–446.36 folds) in those who tested positive via ZAP-70 (P = .005).

Conclusions
CLLU1 is a specific parameter to CLL, and its level corresponds well with the ZAP-70 level.
α-1 Antitrypsin Genotype-Phenotype Discrepancy in a 42-Year-Old Man Who Carries the Null-Allele
Authors: Pavičić Tomislav , Ćelap Ivana , Njegovan Milena , Tešija Kuna Andrea , Štefanović Mario 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency is a hereditary condition caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene and associated with lung emphysema and liver disease. Laboratory testing in suspected A1AT deficiency involves quantifying serum A1AT concentration and identification of specific alleles by genotyping and phenotyping. The aim of this report was to present a case of the null allele carrier with consequent genotype/phenotype/concentration discrepancies and potential misclassification of the Z variant in a 42-year-old white man presenting with symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Method
Serum A1AT concentration was measured using an immunoturbidimetric assay. A1AT phenotype was determined using isoelectric focusing followed with immunofixation (IEF-IF). Genotyping specifically for the S and Z allele was performed by melting curve analysis using real-time PCR and checked by an alternative PCR-RFLP method. Genotype/phenotype ambiguity and discrepancy were amended using gene sequencing.

Results
Laboratory testing revealed highly reduced A1AT concentration (less than 0.30 g/L), mild to moderate deficient genotype (Pi*Z allele: M/Z and Pi*S allele: M/M) and severe deficient Z homozygous phenotype (Pi ZZ). After repeated sampling, the same discordant results were verified by these tests. Further sequencing revealed two clinically relevant and defective variants: rs199422210 (a rare null allele) and rs28929474 (the Z allele).

Conclusion
Due to inability of genotyping kit probes to detect null/Z allele combination (which mimics the Pi ZZ phenotype), our patient was misclassified as mild to moderate deficient Pi*MZ heterozygote. In all unclear cases, whole-gene sequencing is highly recommended in order to determine definitive cause of A1AT deficiency.
Politics, Liberal Idealism and Jewish Life in Nineteenth-Century Vienna: The Formative Years of Heinrich Jaques (1831–1894)1
Authors: Kwan Jonathan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article addresses the formative years of the liberal parliamentarian Heinrich Jaques (1831–1894). It traces his family life, social world, education, professional career, and public activities prior to his election to parliament in 1879. The focus is on Jaques's personal perspective as he negotiated various events and influences. The article argues that the combined effects of the 1848–49 revolutions and an intense engagement with German humanist classics forged a strong loyalty and commitment to liberal values. This was manifested both in politics (as a belief in liberal reforms to Austria) and in everyday life (as guiding principles in daily conduct). For Jaques’s generation in particular, the possibility of emancipation, integration, and acceptance was a goal to strive towards. Jaques pursued and articulated this vision in his writings and activities. His impressive achievements in the 1860s and 1870s are an example of the energy and hope of many Jews during the liberal era. For a number of reasons—economic downturn, widening democracy, a mobilized Catholic Church, resentment towards the liberal elites—antisemitism became an increasingly powerful factor in politics from the 1880s onwards. For Jaques and his fellow liberal Jews, the effect was profound. History and progress no longer seemed to be on the side of liberalism and Jewish integration. Nevertheless, for a certain milieu, the dreams of liberal humanism remained a strong and guiding presence in their lives.
‘A Forming Poem’: Towards a Process Poetics
Authors: Jones Lacey 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Even as theopoetics turns to literary structures and grammatology to arbitrate between an Absolute and Absolute meaninglessness, John Caputo and David Miller are careful to separate its project from theopoetry’s representations of God. But this division makes little provision for figures like Denise Levertov, whose work suggests that the religious question is an inherently aesthetic one, that this arbitration can happen through representation. This article reads Levertov’s ‘The Tide’ in order to define a mode of signification unbound to spiritual fixity. Through its characterisation of both form and faith as process, ‘The Tide’ offers a new way of negotiating the relationship between literature and theology.
Reconceptualising ‘integration as a two-way process’
Authors: Klarenbeek Lea M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this article, I advocate the reconceptualisation of ‘integration as a two-way process’. I argue that integration is, fundamentally, an issue of relational inequality, and conceptualising it as a one-way process constitutes problems of undesirability and infeasibility. I show the theoretical hiatus which characterises many dominant approaches to the two-way process, which leads scholars to build their work on internal contradictions and to implicitly (and often unintentionally) feed into a one-way integration discourse. I argue that as long as conceptualisations of integration as a two-way process reinforce a boundary between ‘people who integrate’ and ‘people who do not integrate’, they are unfit to avoid the problems of one-wayness which they intended to overcome in the first place. In the last part of the article, I put forward some initial building blocks for a new theoretical framework of ‘integration as a two-way process’ which is more attentive to the relational social processes that constitute integration.
The waiting game: Immigration detention as the waiting room of immigration law
Authors: Könönen Jukka 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this article, I examine detained third-country nationals’ negotiations with the immigration system during detention, focusing on how immigration and removal proceedings inform their waiting while in detention. Based on multisited ethnographic research into the immigration detention system in Finland, I argue that waiting in immigration detention needs to be understood as a relational concept that involves different objects and expectations depending on the details of detainees’ immigration cases that affect the possibility of being released and the country of removal under the common European border regime. Immigration detention is a ‘waiting room’ of immigration law in that detainees wait for the outcome of pending immigration proceedings or the implementation of enforceable removal decisions. At the same time, immigration detention constitutes a space of border struggles, or what I call the ‘waiting game’, where detainees actively negotiate with authorities concerning their immigration cases, including terms of removal. Contrary to common belief, deportable detainees did not usually actively resist removal, especially to other European Union Member States. Instead, waiting in detention is a different matter for those with pending immigration decisions or whose removal would be to African or Middle Eastern countries. Additionally, detainees’ migration preferences affect their level of compliance and attitudes while in detention: many research participants planned to come back to Europe. My empirical analysis demonstrates that detention times and detainees’ attitudes toward removal are significantly dependent upon their individual immigration cases and their country of removal, resulting in different temporal horizons among waiting detainees.
The War of the Austrian Succession and the Masses by Henry Madin (1740–1748)
Authors: Montagnier Jean-Paul C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Henry Madin was the only sous-maître de la Musique of Louis XV’s Chapel to be a priest, and served in this capacity during the time of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–8). Documents strongly imply that Madin was exceptionally receptive to the fate of the royal armies and also demonstrate his keen political acumen. Only motets à grand chœur were sung at the king’s Mass: composers connected with the Chapelle Royale had no necessity to set the Ordinarium missae to music. Therefore, one wonders why Madin had polyphonic masses printed by Ballard between 1741 and 1747. This essay indicates that Madin had a personal initiative in mind, and that his mass settings punctuated significant victories and temporary setbacks of Louis XV’s army. His missae may be regarded as the private voice of a faithful royal official begging God for assistance on behalf of a king who had brought him out of poverty.
Secular dynamics of binaries in stellar clusters – I. General formulation and dependence on cluster potential
Authors: Hamilton Chris , Rafikov Roman R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrbital evolution of binary systems in dense stellar clusters is important in a variety of contexts: origin of blue stragglers, progenitors of compact object mergers, millisecond pulsars, and so on. Here we consider the general problem of secular evolution of the orbital elements of a binary system driven by the smooth tidal field of an axisymmetric stellar cluster (globular, nuclear, etc.) in which the binary orbits. We derive a secular Hamiltonian (averaged over both the inner Keplerian orbit of the binary and its outer orbit within the cluster) valid to quadrupole order for an arbitrary cluster potential and explore its characteristics. This doubly averaged ‘tidal’ Hamiltonian depends on just two parameters, which fully absorb the information about the background cluster potential and the binary’s orbit within it: a dimensional parameter A setting the secular time-scale, and a dimensionless parameter Γ which determines the phase portrait of the binary’s inner orbital evolution. We examine the dependence of A and Γ on cluster potential (both spherical and axisymmetric) and on the binary orbit within the cluster. Our theory reproduces known secular results – such as Lidov–Kozai evolution and the effect of the Galactic tide on Oort Cloud comets – in appropriate limits, but is more general. It provides a universal framework for understanding dynamical evolution of various types of binaries driven by the smooth tidal field of any axisymmetric potential. In a companion paper we provide a detailed exploration of the resulting orbital dynamics.