bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical roles of regulatory B and T cells in helminth parasite-induced protection against allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Gao X , Ren X , Wang Q , Yang Z , Li Y , Su Z , Li J 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe prevalence of allergic asthma and incidences of helminth infections in humans are inversely correlated. Although experimental studies have established the causal relation between parasite infection and allergic asthma, the mechanism of the parasite-associated immunomodulation is not fully elucidated. Using a murine model of asthma and nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus, we investigated the roles of regulatory B cells (Breg) and T cells (Treg) in mediation of the protection against allergic asthma by parasite. H. polygyrus infection significantly suppressed ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation (AAI) evidenced by alleviated lung histopathology and reduced numbers of bronchoalveolar inflammatory cell infiltration, and induced significant responses of interleukin (IL)-10+ Breg, IL-10+ Treg and forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ Treg in mesenteric lymph node and spleen of the mice. Adoptive transfer of IL-10+ Breg and IL-10+ Treg cell prevented the lung immunopathology in AAI mice. Depletion of FoxP3+ Treg cells in FoxP3-diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor transgenic mice by diphtheria toxin (DT) treatment exacerbated airway inflammation in parasite-free AAI mice and partially abrogated the parasite-induced protection against AAI. IL-10+ Breg cells were able to promote IL-10+ Treg expansion and maintain FoxP3+ Treg cell population. These two types of Tregs failed to induce CD19+ B cells to transform into IL-10+ Breg cells. These results demonstrate that Breg, IL-10+ Treg and FoxP3+ Treg cells contribute in A discrepant manner to the protection against allergic airway immunopathology by parasiteS. Breg cell might be a key upstream regulatory cell that induces IL-10+ Treg response and supports FoxP3+ Treg cell population which, in turn, mediate the parasite-imposed immunosuppression of allergic airway inflammation. These results provide insight into the immunological relationship between parasite infection and allergic asthma.
Hydrophilic titanium surface‐induced macrophage modulation promotes pro‐osteogenic signalling
Authors: Hamlet Stephen M. , Lee Ryan S.B. , Moon Ho‐Jin , Alfarsi Mohammed A. , Ivanovski Sašo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesAs biomaterial‐induced modulation of mediators of the immune response may be a potential therapeutic approach to enhance wound healing events, the aim of this study was to delineate the effects of titanium surface modification on macrophage phenotype and function.Material and methodsRodent bone marrow‐derived macrophages were polarized into M1 and M2 phenotypes and cultured on micro‐rough (SLA) and hydrophilic modified SLA (modSLA) titanium discs. Macrophage phenotype and cytokine secretion were subsequently assessed by immunostaining and ELISA, respectively. Osteoblast gene expression in response to culture in the M1 and M2 macrophage conditioned media was also evaluated over 7 days by RT‐PCR.ResultsM1 macrophage culture on the modSLA surface promoted an M2‐like phenotype as demonstrated by marked CD163 protein expression, Arg1 gene expression and the secretion of cytokines that significantly upregulated in osteoblasts the expression of genes associated with the TGF‐ß/BMP signalling pathway and osteogenesis. In comparison, M2 macrophage culture on SLA surface promoted an inflammatory phenotype and cytokine profile that was not conducive for osteogenic gene expression.ConclusionsMacrophages are able to alter or switch their phenotype according to the signals received from the biomaterial surface. A hydrophilic micro‐rough titanium surface topography elicits a macrophage phenotype associated with reduced inflammation and enhanced pro‐osteogenic signalling.
Functional bowel complaints and quality of life after surgery for colon cancer: prevalence and predictive factors
Authors: van Heinsbergen M. , den Haan N. , Maaskant‐Braat A. J. , Melenhorst J. , Belgers E. H. , Leijtens J. W. , Bloemen J. G. , Rutten H. J. , Bouvy N. D. , Janssen‐Heijnen M. L. , Konsten J. L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimLow anterior resection syndrome (LARS) severely affects the quality of life (QoL) of patients after surgery for rectal cancer. There are very few studies that have investigated LARS‐like symptoms and their effect on QoL after colon cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of functional abdominal complaints and related QoL after colon cancer surgery compared with patients with similar complaints after rectal cancer surgery.MethodAll patients who underwent colorectal cancer resections between January 2008 and December 2015, and who were free of colostomy for at least 1 year, were eligible (n = 2136). Bowel function was assessed by the LARS score, QoL by the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐CR29 questionnaires. QoL was compared between the LARS score categories and tumour height categories.ResultsA total of 1495 patients (70.0%) were included in the analyses, of whom 1145 had a colonic and 350 a rectal tumour. Symptoms of LARS were observed in 55% after rectal cancer resection compared with 21% after colon cancer resection. Female gender (OR 1.88, CI 1.392–2.528) and a previous diverting stoma (OR 1.84, CI 1.14–2.97) were independently associated with a higher prevalence of LARS after colon cancer surgery. Patients with LARS after colon cancer surgery performed significantly worse in most QoL domains.ConclusionThe results of this study highlight the presence of LARS‐like symptoms after surgery for colonic cancer. Patients suffering from major LARS‐like symptoms after colon resection reported the same debilitating effect on their QoL as patients with major LARS after rectal resection. This should be addressed by colorectal cancer specialists in order to adequately inform patients.
Service learning in Spanish for the health professions: Heritage language learners’ competence in action
Authors: Belpoliti Flavia , Pérez María E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present study examined the impact of a service learning activity on students’ perceptions of language, identity, and community in an advanced Spanish for the Health Professions course. Forty‐five advanced Spanish heritage learners (SHLs) participated in health fairs as assistants to health‐care providers as part of the curriculum requirements. The mixed‐methods analysis of students’ reflection essays shows that this experience had the greatest effect on participants’ confidence in the use of Spanish as a professional language, on their awareness and understanding of the local Hispanic communities’ needs, and on their emerging identity as Hispanic health‐care professionals. The findings also support the value of service learning as a domestic immersion experience, targeting the specific language and professional needs of SHLs.
Disturbance does not have a significant impact on waders in an estuary close to conurbations: importance of overlap between birds and people in time and space
Authors: Goss‐Custard John D. , Hoppe Catherine H. , Hood Matt. J. , Stillman Richard A. 
Published: August 2019

Disturbance of wildlife is a potential cause of conservation concern, not least to overwintering waders Charadrii inhabiting estuaries close to conurbations where human recreational and economic activities are often concentrated. Disturbance from people on and alongside intertidal foraging areas could make it more difficult for birds to survive until spring in good condition by reducing the time available for foraging, increasing energy requirements and displacing birds to poorer foraging areas. We adopted a two‐part approach to testing whether such significant impacts occurred in a Special Protection Area where disturbance risk was high because of its small size and close proximity to conurbations. In part one, we recorded over the whole estuary during stages of the tidal cycle when part or all of the intertidal zone was exposed and so accessible to waders (i.e. on receding, low and advancing tides): (1) the numbers and activities of people on the intertidal flats and on the adjacent land in those places where people were visible to waders in the intertidal zone and (2) the numbers of waders present and disturbed into flight, the flight distance and flight duration in the ‘overlap’ areas where people did disturb waders. People occurred on < 25% of the 938 ha of intertidal flats, but most waders foraged on mudflats, whereas most people were on sandflats. People on land were visible to foraging waders along < 35% of the 16.5 km of shoreline. Waders and people were therefore substantially separated in space. Within overlap areas, people and waders were often frequently separated in time: for example, people on land mostly disturbed waders when only the upper shore levels were exposed. The average overwintering wader spent < 0.1% of its foraging time during daylight flying away from people and the additional energy expenditure was equivalent to < 0.02% of its daily requirements. The comparison made in part two between our study area and two comparable estuaries showed that the number of visits each day to the overlap areas would need to be 29 or 43 times greater for disturbance to have lowered the birds’ body condition and winter survival. Both parts of the study therefore suggested strongly that the amount of disturbance was too trivial to have a significant impact on waders. It is concluded that: (1) to properly assess disturbance risk to waders, both extensive and intensive observations must be made on the behaviour of people and birds to quantify the extent to which they overlap in space and time, and (2) it should not be assumed that an estuary's close proximity to conurbations, and the presence of large numbers of people in the vicinity of theSPA, necessarily implies a significant disturbance risk to waders.
Phase stability and magnetic properties of SrFe18O27 W‐type hexagonal ferrite
Authors: Reimann Timmy , Schmidt Thomas , Töpfer Jörg 
Published: August 2019

AbstractW‐type ferrite is a member of the hexagonal ferrite family and a potential permanent magnet material. However, its synthesis conditions are not fully understood yet. Samples were sintered either at 1400°C in air and quenched, or at 1300°C at reduced oxygen partial pressure. The precise stability conditions of this W‐type ferrite were investigated in the temperature range of 1200°C‐1400°C using thermogravimetry, XRD, and electron microscopy. At 1300°C, the ferrite is stable at oxygen partial pressures of . At more oxidizing conditions, the ferrite decomposes into M‐type ferrite and hematite, while at more reducing atmospheres Sr4Fe6O13 and magnetite are formed. The nonstoichiometry δ of SrFe18−δO27 was derived from thermal analysis data at 1300°C as function of oxygen partial pressure and was found to be mainly due to cation vacancies. Magnetization measurements show that this W‐type ferrite exhibits Ms = 103 emu/g at T = 4 K, which agrees well with a ferrimagnetic spin arrangement according to Gorter's model. As alternative, Zn‐substituted W‐ferrite was found to be stable in air at 1200°C with a large Ms = 123 emu/g at 4 K.
Structural environment of chloride ion‐conducting solids based on lanthanum oxychloride
Authors: Nunotani Naoyoshi , Misran Muhammad Radzi Iqbal Bin , Inada Miki , Uchiyama Tomoki , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effect of the structural environment on the Cl− ion conductivity was demonstrated in LaOCl‐based solid electrolytes. By replacing the La3+ site with lower‐valent Mg2+ or Ca2+ ions, the conductivity was enhanced owing to the formation of a Cl− ion vacancy. Despite the same dopant content, the conductivity of La0.8Ca0.2OCl0.8 was considerably greater than La0.8Mg0.2OCl0.8. This enhancement of the conductivity was influenced by the high ionicity of the Cl− ions, which facilitated the weakening of the La‐Cl bond cleavage to conduct inside the lattice. The elongation of the La‐La distance, associated with the Cl− ion conduction, could also cause an increase of the conductivity.
The influence of welfare state factors on nursing professionalization and nursing human resources: A time‐series cross‐sectional analysis, 2000–2015
Authors: Gunn Virginia , Muntaner Carles , Ng Edwin , Villeneuve Michael , Gea‐Sanchez Montserrat , Chung Haejoo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between welfare states and nursing professionalization indicators.DesignWe used a time‐series, cross‐sectional design. The analysis covered 16 years and 22 countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the United States, allocated to five welfare state regimes: Social Democratic, Christian Democratic, Liberal, Authoritarian Conservative, and Confucian.MethodsWe used fixed‐effects linear regression models and conducted Prais‐Winsten regressions with panel‐corrected standard errors, including a first‐order autocorrelation correction. We applied the Amelia II multiple imputation strategy to replace missing observations. Data were collected from March–December 2017 and subsequently updated from August–September 2018.ResultsOur findings highlight positive connections between the regulated nurse and nurse graduate ratios and welfare state measures of education, health, and family policy. In addition, both outcome variables had averages that differed among welfare state regimes, the lowest being in Authoritarian Conservative regimes.ConclusionAdditional country‐level and international comparative research is needed to further study the impact of a wide range of structural political and economic determinants of nursing professionalization.ImpactWe examined the effects of welfare state characteristics on nursing professionalization indicators and found support for the claim that such features affect both the regulated nurse and nurse graduate ratios. These findings could be used to strengthen nursing and the nursing workforce through healthy public policies and increase the accuracy of health human resources forecasting tools.
Similar compositional turnover but distinct insular environmental and geographical drivers of native and exotic ants in two oceans
Authors: Latombe Guillaume , Roura‐Pascual Núria , Hui Cang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThis study aims to quantify the patterns in compositional turnover of native and exotic ants on small islands in two oceans, and to explore whether such patterns are driven by similar environmental, geographical and potentially biotic variables.LocationPacific and Atlantic islands.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedAnts.MethodsWe applied Multi‐Site Generalised Dissimilarity Modelling (MS‐GDM), which relates zeta diversity, the number of species shared by a given number of islands, to differences in environmental, geographical and biotic drivers. The use of zeta diversity enabled us to differentiate the contribution of rare species (shared by few islands) from those of widespread ones (shared by multiple islands) to compositional turnover. For completion, we also related species richness of insular ants per island with the same set of explanatory variables using Generalised Additive Models (GAM).ResultsPacific and Atlantic islands have similar patterns of ant species turnover and richness, albeit partly driven by different drivers. Native and exotic species turnover are mostly explained by the same set of variables in the Pacific (annual precipitation and distance to the nearest island), but not in the Atlantic (annual precipitation is a good predictor of native species turnover, but none of the variables considered in our study explained exotic species turnover). No signal of biotic interactions was detected at the insular community level.Main conclusionsSuccessful invasion strategies may depend on a combination of factors specific to the region in question. In the Pacific, milder environments and the absence of natives on certain islands enable exotic ants to select the same types of environment as native ants. In the harsher Atlantic Ocean, however, native ant species are likely to be well adapted to local environmental conditions, making it harder for exotics to become established. Exotic ant species, therefore, potentially rely on other attributes to establish, such as a combination of tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions and human‐mediated colonization.
Impact of immunomodulator use on treatment persistence in patients with ulcerative colitis: A claims database analysis
Authors: Kobayashi Taku , Udagawa Eri , Uda Akihito , Hibi Toshifumi , Hisamatsu Tadakazu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimIt is unclear how adding an anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha agent to immunomodulator (IM) treatment, as a step‐up strategy, affects long‐term outcomes in ulcerative colitis. This retrospective study investigated persistence associated with biologic anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha agents combined with IMs versus biologic monotherapy in patients with ulcerative colitis.MethodsThis was a longitudinal cohort study of patients in the Japan Medical Data Center claims database who had been newly prescribed infliximab or adalimumab as induction (completed) and maintenance (2010–2016). Biologic persistence (i.e. no switch/discontinuation during maintenance) was compared among patients prescribed biologic monotherapy (Bio) and those prescribed a biologic combined with an IM, as step‐up (Bio + prior IM) or simultaneously (Bio + IM).ResultsThree hundred and sixty‐nine eligible patients were analyzed (233, 78, and 58 in the Bio, Bio + prior IM, and Bio + IM subgroups, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed a lower probability of nonpersistence during maintenance for infliximab‐treated patients in the Bio + prior IM versus Bio subgroup (hazard ratio: 0.53; 95% confidence interval: 0.29–0.99; P = 0.045). No such effect was seen in adalimumab‐treated patients (P = 0.222) or in the overall population (P = 0.398). The probability of nonpersistence during maintenance in the Bio + IM subgroup was not significantly different from that in the Bio subgroup in either the biologic subpopulation or in the overall population.ConclusionsAdding infliximab to an existing IM results in a lower probability of nonpersistence compared with infliximab monotherapy in ulcerative colitis patients. This effect is not seen in adalimumab‐treated patients.
Endoscopic features of esophageal adenocarcinoma derived from short‐segment versus long‐segment Barrett's esophagus
Authors: Yamasaki Akira , Shimizu Tomoki , Kawachi Hiroshi , Yamamoto Noriko , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Tsuchida Tomohiro , Sasaki Yutaka , Fujisaki Junko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe study aims to clarify the endoscopic features and clinicopathological differences in superficial Barret's esophageal adenocarcinoma (s‐BEA) derived from short‐segment Barrett's esophagus (SSBE) and long‐segment Barrett's esophagus (LSBE).MethodsWe reviewed data of 130 patients (141 lesions) with pathologically confirmed s‐BEA (SSBE: 95 patients and 95 lesions; LSBE: 35 patients and 46 lesions). We analyzed endoscopic and clinicopathological features of s‐BEA in patients with SSBE and LSBE.ResultsThe distribution of lesions according to macroscopic findings were as follows (s‐BEA in SSBE vs LSBE): flat type (0‐IIb), 3.2% (3/95) vs 32.6% (15/46) (P < 0.001); accompanied type 0‐IIb, 2.1% (2/95) vs 21.7% (10/46) (P < 0.001); and complex type (0‐I + IIb, 0‐IIa + IIc, etc.), 30.5% (29/95) vs 50.0% (23/46) (P = 0.025). Complex‐type s‐BEAs had high incidences of T1b invasions and poorly differentiated components (simple type: 22.5% [20/89] and 18.0% [16/89]; complex type: 59.6% [31/52] and 44.2% [23/52], P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). In SSBE, 72.6% (69/95) of lesions were located at the right anterior wall (P = 0.01). All flat‐type or depressed‐type lesions derived from SSBE were identified as reddish areas, whereas only 65.2% (15/23) from LSBE were identified as reddish areas (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn LSBE, flat‐type, accompanied‐type 0‐IIb, and complex‐type lesions were significantly more prevalent. Furthermore, complex‐type s‐BEAs tended to have T1b invasions and poorly differentiated components. S‐BEAs in LSBE should be more carefully evaluated on endoscopic appearance including flat‐type and complex‐type lesions than in SSBE.
A Dynamic Model of Characteristic‐Based Return Predictability
Authors: ALTI AYDOĞAN , TITMAN SHERIDAN 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe present a dynamic model that links characteristic‐based return predictability to systematic factors that determine the evolution of firm fundamentals. In the model, an economy‐wide disruption process reallocates profits from existing businesses to new projects and thus generates a source of systematic risk for portfolios of firms sorted on value, profitability, and asset growth. If investors are overconfident about their ability to evaluate the disruption climate, these characteristic‐sorted portfolios exhibit persistent mispricing. The model generates predictions about the conditional predictability of characteristic‐sorted portfolio returns and illustrates how return persistence increases the likelihood of observing characteristic‐based anomalies.
Challenges in the clinical implementation of a biopsychosocial model for assessment and management of orofacial pain
Authors: Sharma Sonia , Breckons Matthew , Brönnimann Lambelet Ben , Chung Jin‐Woo , List Thomas , Lobbezoo Frank , Nixdorf Donald R. , Oyarzo Juan Fernando , Peck Christopher , Tsukiyama Yoshihiro , Ohrbach Richard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDistress, suffering and care‐seeking behaviour are characteristics of pain‐related disease and illness. Pain that transitions from an acute to a chronic phase carries with it the potential of further effects: these include a worsening of the disease or illness; high‐impact chronic pain; and substantial personal, societal and economic burden. The biopsychosocial model directly addresses these multiple processes, yet clinical frameworks supporting this model are not universally implemented. This paper explores barriers to clinical implementation of a full biopsychosocial framework for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and other oro‐facial pain (OFP) conditions. In June 2016, INfORM invited OFP researchers to a workshop designed to optimise the DC/TMD Axis‐II. Workshop groups identified five sources of implementation barriers: (1) cultures and societies, (2) levels‐of‐care settings, (3) health services, (4) cross‐cultural validity of self‐report instruments and (5) provider and patient health literacy. Three core problems emerged: (A) mental health aspects are seldom fully considered, thus impairing the recognition of illness, (B) training in use of validated multi‐axial assessment protocols is under‐rated and insufficiently used, and (C) clinical assessment often fails to recognise that sensory and emotional dimensions are fundamental aspects of pain. To improve patient care, these barriers and problems require action. Most importantly, TMD/OFP educators and researchers need to coordinate globally and (i) be educated in the biopsychosocial model, (ii) implement evidence‐based biopsychosocial guidelines for assessment and management of OFP conditions at their institutions, (iii) incorporate this model in undergraduate and postgraduate dental curricula and (iv) be responsive to stakeholders, including regulatory authorities and practitioners.