bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Outcomes Between Surgical and Conservative Management of Mallet Thumb: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis
Authors: Hirslund Emily , Patience Chad , Hang Philip , Dabbagh Armaghan , Szekeres Mike 
Published: November 2024

Background: While mallet finger remains a relatively common injury of the hand, mallet thumb is much rarer in occurrence. Mallet thumb management has been noted infrequently within the literature and reliable evidence regarding the most effective method of management remains absent. The aim of this review is to assess the quality of literature that exists pertaining to mallet thumb to determine whether conservative or surgical management is superior. Methods: A search was completed in February 2023 of Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus with no limitation on study type, and date of publication. Comparative outcomes of thumb interphalangeal (IP) joint range of motion, tip, lateral pinch and grip strength, complications, outcome measure scores, and follow-up period were recorded. We assessed 103 mallet thumbs (51 surgically and 52 conservatively managed) across the 23 studies of low to moderate quality based on the Structured Effectiveness Quality Evaluation Scale. The authors adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: While recommendations remain weak due to low quality of evidence, our review found a lower complication rate and higher IP joint flexion in thumbs managed conservatively. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate a need for future research to shift toward ensuring standardized patient-rated outcome measures are utilized and functional outcomes are included in research planning and operationalization in order to contextualize clinical outcomes.
The Association Between Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Polypharmacy in Older Adults: The Loma Linda Longevity Study
Authors: Bardesi Abrar , Alabadi-Bierman Alaa , Paalani Michael , Beeson W. Lawrence , Dos Santos Hildemar 
Published: November 2024

Polypharmacy—defined as taking numerous medications that may not be clinically necessary—is becoming a significant concern among the older adult population. This study examined the associations between lifestyle behaviors and the number of prescribed medications in older adults (75 years and older) living in the counties of San Bernardino and Riverside. This study employed a cross-sectional survey to assess lifestyle behaviors and medication use in 611 older adults aged 75 or over. Bivariate correlation and linear regression analyses were used to assess potential relationships between lifestyle behaviors and the number of prescribed medications. Fruit consumption ( P = 0.005), mild physical activity per week ( P < .001), and lifestyle index ( P = 0.003) had a highly significant inverse association with the number of prescribed medications. Fat consumption had a direct positive relationship with the number of prescribed medications ( P = 0.02). Higher fat intake was directly linked to an increased need for medications, while regular physical activity, a higher fruit intake, and a healthy overall lifestyle were all associated with a lower likelihood of polypharmacy. Future research can explore the mechanisms linking these behaviors with medication usage.
Validity of Woven EndoBridge sizing based on the device-to-aneurysm volume ratio
Authors: Pressman Elliot , Weinberg Joshua H , Baig Ammad A , Rainone Gersham J , Schimmel Samantha , Vignolles-Jeong Joshua , Smith Teagen , Youssef Patrick , Davies Jason M , Siddiqui Adnan H , Levy Elad I , Guerrero Waldo R , Mokin Maxim , Vakharia Kunal 
Published: November 2024

Background The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) is a treatment modality available for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, specifically beneficial in wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms. Conventional sizing methods rely on the manipulation of aneurysm width and height measurements. This results in frequent need for re-sizing after initial WEB insertion attempts. Previous studies have suggested that volume-based sizing may decrease this rate. Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study in three complex vascular centers in the United States from 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2023. All patients who underwent attempted aneurysmal WEB embolization were included. Using three-dimensional angiogram reconstructions, we measured the aneurysm volume. We calculated the WEB volume and measured the WEB-aneurysm volume (WAVe) ratio. The primary outcome was whether a WEB required re-sizing. Results A total of 133 cases were identified, 114 correctly sized and 19 incorrectly sized. Twelve patients (9.0%) required additional stent placement during WEB insertion. One patient (0.8%) had WEB abandonment. There were no differences in demographic or baseline characteristics between the size/re-sizing cohorts aside from aneurysm location (“other” and basilar locations increased the rate of re-sizing). The median WAVe ratio in our appropriately sized cohort was 0.997 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.826, 1.30) versus 1.14 in our re-sizing cohort (IQR 0.734, 1.51; p = 0.728). Using logistic regression, we identified a WAVe ratio ranging from 0.76 to 1.24 yielding > 80% probability of a successful sizing with 95% confidence. Conclusions Incorporating volume-based measurements in aneurysm embolization with WEBs may improve rates of re-sizing but has an unclear effect on aneurysm occlusion. A WAVe ratio of 0.76–1.24 provides the greatest probability of appropriate initial WEB sizing.
The leaderful quality of resistance within human-nonhuman encounters at work
Authors: Perez Moraga Victor A , Baxter Lynne F 
Published: November 2024

This paper shows the importance of more-than-human materialities in surfacing how affective processes of leaderful resistance emerge in the workplace. Employing a Spinozo-Deluzian approach to affect, we develop a new materialist analysis showing how more-than-human materialities resist in encounters with humans, generating flows of affect that lead. Based on a 9 months affective and virtual ethnography, we uncover two ways more-than-human matter resist we label affective hindrance – subtle barriers; and decompositional rupture – the undermining or breaking of relationships. These affective forces help explain how processes of resistance are co-produced in material encounters and how such relations both lead and resist in day-to-day organising, resulting in changes to work processes or reverberations that surface later, generating further leaderful resistance. Our work extends research that understands leadership as a less positive and organised process unfolding in unexpected ways.
“The System isn’t Set up for Us”: Stories of young Black women’s mental health journey
Authors: Modeste-James Akeem , McClain T’Shana , Hanna Michele 
Published: November 2024

Background: Black women are too often overlooked and underserved by the mental health system, resulting in disparities in their access to care and services provided. Little attention has been given to understanding the mental health experiences of Black women or to the development of culturally responsive, effective interventions that promote equitable access and services for these women. Objectives: This study provides an opportunity to understand the lived experiences of young Black women with mental health challenges and their engagement with mental health services. Design: A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to understand the lived experiences of young Black women with mental health challenges and their engagement with mental health services. Methods: Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, loosely structured interviews with 15 Black women, ages 18–30 years, experiencing mental health challenges were conducted. Results: A thematic analysis revealed five overarching themes: (1) the “Strong Black Woman” persona as a barrier to seeking care, (2) impact of mental health stigma in the Black community, (3) intergenerational mental health trauma among Black women, (4) lack of culturally responsive practitioners, and (5) the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. Conclusion: The findings suggest practitioners need to consider the intersecting identities of Black women when developing culturally responsive interventions. Additionally, concepts such as identity shifting, identity centrality, and radical healing should be considered when addressing the unique experiences of young Black women.
Perioperative practitioners’ experiences of critical incident debriefing: A qualitative explorative study
Authors: Porteous Kelly Y , Robertson Callum , Lafferty Agnes 
Published: November 2024

Background: A critical incident is described as any unplanned event which causes, or has the potential to cause, injury to a patient. Critical incident debriefing is a team discussion to gather facts and analyse the experience, evaluate lessons learned and provide staff with support. However, this phase is often neglected. Methods: This UK-based explorative qualitative study aims to explore perioperative practitioners’ experiences of critical incident debriefing. Data were collected from six participants through audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis framework. Results: Five themes emerged detailing the advantages of critical incident debriefing, including addressing staff’s personal needs and learning lessons from incidents, and the disadvantages such as time constraints and unsupportive/uninformative debriefs leading to poor-quality debriefs. Conclusions: Implementation of a short debrief immediately post-incident to address immediate concerns, a later in-depth debrief and additional training for facilitators were recommended to improve debrief quality.
Survivorship and outcomes of arthroscopic bankart repair for anterior shoulder dislocations: A minimum of 2 year follow-up
Authors: Lim Kia Teng , Tan Wei Ping Marcus , Tan Andrew Hwee Chye 
Published: November 2024

Background This study aims to evaluate long-term survivorship of arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR). Methods About 101 patients under a single surgeon were followed up for ≥2 years post-ABR. Primary outcome was survivorship, defined as re-dislocation post-surgery. Secondary outcomes included a range of motion, strength, pain, University of California-Los-Angeles shoulder score, Oxford shoulder score (OSS), Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS), Constant Murley Score, and satisfaction. Clinical factors were correlated. Results Eight patients experienced postoperative dislocation (5 high-energy trauma, 2 low-energy trauma, 1 atraumatic), with 2 patients requiring revision. The mean time to post-operative dislocation was 1.5 years (range 0.3–3.8). Competitive athletes demonstrated worse survivorship (p = 0.027) but greater isometric strength at 6 months (p = 0.041) compared to recreational players. Patients ≥25 years old experienced slower recovery of internal rotation at 3 months (p = 0.006). Patients with surgery >1 year after injury had slower recovery of external rotation (p = 0.006), worse Constant scores at 3 months (p = 0.036) and lesser improvements in isometric strength at 3 months (p = 0.032). Patients with single pre-operative dislocations (p = 0.036 OSS; p = 0.039 OSIS) and patients ≥25 years old (p = 0.044 OSS) had worse Oxford scores at 3 months. Discussion ABR demonstrates good outcomes with low recurrence. This study prognosticates long-term outcomes across various subgroups.
Real-world overall survival in second-line maintenance niraparib monotherapy versus active surveillance in patients with BRCA wild-type recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Coleman Robert L. , Perhanidis Jessica A. , Kalilani Linda , Zimmerman Nicole M. , Golembesky Amanda , Moore Kathleen N. 
Published: November 2024

Background: The NOVA study (NCT01847274) compared niraparib with placebo as a maintenance treatment for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (OC) but was not powered to detect an overall survival (OS) improvement. Objective: To compare OS in a real-world population of patients with BRCA wild-type ( BRCAwt) recurrent OC who received second-line maintenance (2LM) niraparib monotherapy versus active surveillance (AS). Design: A retrospective study using a US-based nationwide deidentified electronic health record-derived database. Methods: Patients diagnosed with epithelial OC (January 1, 2011–May 31, 2021) who completed second-line (2L) therapy (January 1, 2017–March 2, 2022) and were BRCAwt were included. A NOVA study-like subpopulation included patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0–1 and platinum-sensitive disease. Patients were assigned to 2LM niraparib or AS cohorts. Follow-up was measured from the index date (2L non-maintenance therapy end) until the first of study end (May 31, 2022), last clinical activity, or death. Median OS (mOS) and hazard ratios were estimated with an emulated trial methodology. Results: The overall population comprised 199 patients in the 2LM niraparib monotherapy cohort and 707 patients in the AS cohort; the NOVA study-like subpopulation included 123 patients in the 2LM niraparib monotherapy cohort and 143 in the AS cohort. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in both populations. Overall, adjusted mOS was 24.1 months for the 2LM niraparib monotherapy cohort versus 18.4 months for the AS cohort (hazard ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7–0.9). In the NOVA study-like subpopulation, adjusted mOS was 28.1 months for the 2LM niraparib monotherapy cohort versus 21.5 months for the AS cohort (hazard ratio, 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5–0.9). Conclusion: These results provide important real-world OS data for patients with recurrent BRCAwt OC who received niraparib monotherapy compared with patients receiving AS.
Evaluating the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Effects of Eminium spiculatum Plant Extracts
Authors: Khalid Mahmoud , Al-Rimawi Fuad , Fawadleh Mayar , Salah Zaidoun , Shammari Latifah Al , Dhanarasu Sasikumar , Ayyal Salman Haya , Al-Mazaideh Ghassab M. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction Plants have long been used for medicinal purposes, but synthetic drugs emerged with scientific advancements. However, these synthetic drugs often have harmful side effects. Natural products, particularly plants, offer safer alternatives with bioactive compounds that can be used for synthesizing new drugs and developing natural remedies. Methods Utilizing an ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique, two distinct preparations of Eminium spiculatum (E. spiculatum) extract were produced. These extracts were obtained using ethanol solutions at concentrations of 100% and 50%, respectively. The biological activities of E. spiculatum extracts were evaluated using chemical assay methods. Specifically, the study assessed the antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties of these extracts through standardized chemical techniques. The antimicrobial impact was examined against E.coli, Streptococcus species, as well as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) using the well diffusion method. Furthermore, anticancer tests demonstrated activity against HT29 (colon cancer cells) and MCF7 (breast cancer cells). Results The findings revealed complete cell death with both 100% as well as 50% ethanol extracts compared to the control. The extracts exhibited notable antioxidant scavenging capacity against the stable radical DPPH, with values of 298.7 ± 3.3 and 190.8 ± 2.2 µmol Trolox/g for 50% and 100% ethanolic extracts, respectively. These outcomes can be attributed to the extracts’ abundant phenolic content (107.3 ± 3.1 and 99.7 ± 2.0 mg GAE/g for 50% and 100% ethanolic extracts, respectively) and flavonoid content (67.9 ± 2.9 and 45.6 ± 2.8 mg catechin/g for 50% and 100% ethanolic extracts, respectively). Conclusion The assessment of E. spiculatum plant extracts revealed significant antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. The extracts demonstrated promising potential for drug development, particularly in the areas of cancer treatment and the production of novel antibacterial drugs. Further exploration of extraction methods to isolate the bioactive compounds could enable E. spiculatum to contribute to the synthesis of safe and effective drugs in the future.
Continuous Degradation of Forest Structure and Composition Causes a Shift in Phorophytes and Population Genetics in Aphyllous Vanilla Species
Authors: Botomanga Alemao , Andriamihaja Cathucia F. , Besse Pascale , Jeannoda Vololoniaina H. , Grisoni Michel , Ny Aina Ranaivoson Sedera E.F. , Antsonantenainarivony Goum , Fuzzati Nicola , Ramarosandratana Aro Vonjy 
Published: November 2024

Background and Research Aims The natural habitats of aphyllous vanillas in Madagascar have been extensively degraded by human activities. The implications of this degradation are complex given their intricate interactions with other organisms. This study highlights possible approaches to the conservation of aphyllous vanillas after examining the impact of forest degradation on phorophyte diversity, reproductive modes, and genetic diversity. Methods We conducted comparative studies of conserved and degraded forests in two contrasting bioclimatic zones. We characterized the changes in horizontal and vertical forest structures and assessed the ecological importance of the tree species. We identified the preferred phorophytes of two aphyllous Vanilla species, Vanilla madagascariensis and Vanilla decaryana, and investigated their population genetics. Results and Conclusions Our findings confirmed a declining trend in tree diversity, number of trees, and cover rate in degraded forests. Canopy openness is associated with an increase in the number of phorophytes and the asexual reproductive mode of Vanilla species. Dominant tree species were more likely to become phorophytes, and there was a positive correlation between phorophyte diameter and number of hosted vanilla individuals. Significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed in each population, particularly in the dry forest and degraded sites, compared with the conserved sites. Additionally, slight differentiation was observed between vanilla populations in conserved and degraded forests, with an alarming effective population size (Ne) that did not exceed 13 individuals. Conservation Implications We recommend the introduction of new genotypes to promote genetic enrichment, the ban on logging potential phorophytes, and the inclusion of some degraded forests comprising Vanilla species in conservation.
Influence of social and psychological factors on smartphone usage during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jo Hyeon , Shin Donghyuk 
Published: November 2024

Objective This study investigates the influence of psychological factors—specifically affective and cognitive risk perceptions, social distancing attitudes, subjective norms, and cabin fever syndrome—on smartphone usage intensity during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on university students. Methods Utilizing a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 314 university students from South Korea and Vietnam. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the relationships between the psychological constructs and their impact on smartphone usage. Results The analysis confirms that both affective and cognitive risk perceptions significantly influence attitudes towards social distancing. Furthermore, these social distancing attitudes are found to significantly affect cabin fever syndrome, suggesting that positive attitudes towards social distancing are closely associated with higher reports of cabin fever. Notably, cabin fever syndrome emerges as a significant predictor of increased smartphone usage, underscoring its role as a mediator between prolonged isolation and digital engagement. Additionally, subjective norms are also shown to significantly influence smartphone usage intensity, highlighting the impact of social expectations on digital behaviors during the pandemic. Conclusion The study highlights the complex interplay between psychological distress induced by social restrictions and increased reliance on digital technology for social connectivity. These insights suggest that mental health interventions and digital literacy programs tailored to university students’ needs can be effective in managing the negative impacts of prolonged social isolation.
Opioid Use Following Spine Surgery in Ambulatory Surgical Centers Versus Hospital Outpatient Departments
Authors: Busigó Torres Rodnell , Alasadi Husni , Duey Akiro H. , Song Junho , Poeran Jashvant , Stern Brocha Z. , Chaudhary Saad B. 
Published: November 2024

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objective To assess the association between undergoing spine surgery in an ambulatory surgical center (ASC) vs a hospital outpatient department (HOPD) and (a) perioperative opioid prescription patterns and (b) prolonged opioid use. Methods Data from the Merative MarketScan Database included patients aged 18-64 who underwent single-level or multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or lumbar decompression between January 2017 and June 2021. Primary outcomes included receipt of a perioperative opioid prescription, perioperative oral morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs), and prolonged opioid use (defined as opioid prescription 91-180 days post-surgery). Secondary outcomes included the number of perioperative opioid prescriptions filled (single/multiple) and type of initial perioperative opioid filled (potent/weak). Analysis of prolonged opioid use was limited to opioid-naive patients. Propensity score matching (1 ASC to 3 HOPD cases) and logistic regression models were used for analysis. Results The study included 11,654 ACDF and 26,486 lumbar decompression patients. For ACDF, ASCs had higher odds of an initial potent opioid prescription (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.08-1.30, P < .001) and higher total adjusted mean MMEs (+21.14, 95% CI 3.08-39.20, P = .02). For lumbar decompression, ASCs had increased odds of an initial potent opioid (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.16-1.30, P < .001) but lower odds of multiple opioid prescriptions (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.85-0.96, P < .001). There was no significant association between the surgery setting and prolonged opioid use. Conclusion Differences in perioperative opioid prescribing were observed between ASCs and HOPDs, but there was no increase in prolonged opioid use in ASCs. Further research is needed to optimize postoperative pain management in different outpatient settings.