bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Message Framing on Patients’ Perceptions and Willingness to Change to a Biosimilar in a Hypothetical Drug Switch
Authors: Gasteiger Chiara , Jones Annie S. K. , Kleinstäuber Maria , Lobo Maria , Horne Rob , Dalbeth Nicola , Petrie Keith J. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivePatients often hold negative perceptions toward biosimilars that can create barriers to their uptake. Physicians also report uncertainty in how best to explain biosimilars. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of differently framed explanations on patients’ perceptions of and willingness to change to a biosimilar in a hypothetical drug switch.MethodsNinety‐six patients with rheumatic diseases taking an originator biologic were randomized to receive 1 of 4 biosimilar explanations: positive framing with and without an analogy, and negative framing with and without an analogy. Willingness to switch to a biosimilar, perceptions about biosimilars, and the effectiveness of the explanation were measured after the information delivery.ResultsPositive framing led to more participants being willing to switch (67%) than negative framing (46%). Framing significantly predicted willingness to switch to a biosimilar, with participants in the positive framing group being 2.36 times more willing to switch (P = 0.041). The positive framing group also reported significantly greater perceived efficacy of biosimilars (P = 0.046) and thought the explanation was more convincing (P = 0.030). The analogy did not enhance willingness to switch or increase understanding (P > 0.05).ConclusionPositive framing can improve perceptions of and willingness to switch to a biosimilar in patients currently taking biologic treatments.
Associations of Amino Acid and Acylcarnitine Profiles With Incident Hyperuricemia in Middle‐Aged and Older Chinese Individuals
Authors: Wang Feijie , Sun Liang , Zong Geng , Gao Xianfu , Zhang Huiping , Xiong Quan , Huo Shaofeng , Niu Zhenhua , Sun Qi , Zeng Rong , Lin Xu 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveLittle is known about how metabolic perturbations are linked to hyperuricemia in the general population. Therefore we aimed to examine metabolomics profiles in relation to uric acid change and incident hyperuricemia.MethodsThis study included 1,621 community‐dwelling Chinese participants ages 50–70 years without hyperuricemia at baseline, with a mean duration of follow‐up of 6 years. A total of 56 metabolites (22 amino acids and 34 acylcarnitines) at baseline were quantified by gas or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Annual change in uric acid was calculated, and incident hyperuricemia was defined as plasma uric acid >420 μmoles/liter in men and >360 μmoles/liter in women.ResultsThe mean ± SD annual change in uric acid was 9.6 ± 12.1 μmoles/liter and the incidence of hyperuricemia was 23.1% (375 of 1,621). After adjustment for conventional risk factors, 9 metabolites (cysteine, glutamine, phenylalanine, threonine, and long‐chain acylcarnitines C14:1OH, C18, C18:2, C20, and C20:4) were significantly associated with uric acid change (Bonferroni corrected P < 0.05) and with incident hyperuricemia (relative risks ranged from 1.14 to 1.21 per SD increment of metabolites; P < 0.05). A network analysis showed significant associations between the module containing long‐chain acylcarnitines and incident hyperuricemia. Moreover, levels of these 9 metabolites were specifically correlated with intake of foods, including red and processed meat or soy products.ConclusionPlasma cysteine, glutamine, phenylalanine, threonine, and long‐chain acylcarnitines are positively associated with incident hyperuricemia. The levels of these metabolites may be partially driven by intakes of meat and soy products that are associated with hyperuricemia.
Natural History of Radiographic First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis: A Nineteen‐Year Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Bowen Catherine , Gates Lucy , McQueen Peter , Daniels Maxine , Delmestri Antonella , Drechsler Wendy , Stephensen David , Doherty Michael , Arden Nigel 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the long‐term prevalence, natural history, progression, and incidence of radiographic first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA longitudinal cohort design was used in which radiographic OA at the first MTP joint was investigated in participants from the Chingford 1,000 Women Study at year 6 (1995) and year 23 (2013–2015). Radiographic features of osteophytes (OPs) and/or joint space narrowing (JSN) at the first MTP joint were scored according to a validated foot atlas. Natural history was determined by the change in prevalence, incidence, progression, and worsening of OA in the first MTP joint.ResultsComplete case‐matched foot radiographic data were available for 193 of the women currently enrolled in the study (mean ± SD age 75.7 ± 5.2 years [range 69–90 years]). At the level of the first MTP joint, prevalence of OA at year 6 was 21.76% in the left and 24.35% in the right; at year 23, it was 23.83% in the left and 32.64% in the right. Over the 19‐year period, 13.5% of the women developed incident OA in the right first MTP joint and 8.3% in the left. Both progression and worsening of OA were more evident for OPs and in the right first MTP joints.ConclusionIn this study of the natural history of radiographic first MTP joint OA, which to our knowledge is the longest study to date, the prevalence and incidence of first MTP joint OA increased over a 19‐year period. Progression and/or worsening of OA at the first MTP joint over time appears to be driven by OP development rather than JSN, which suggests a biomechanical cause.
Linear Dichroism Conversion in Quasi‐1D Perovskite Chalcogenide
Authors: Wu Jiangbin , Cong Xin , Niu Shanyuan , Liu Fanxin , Zhao Huan , Du Zhonghao , Ravichandran Jayakanth , Tan Ping‐Heng , Wang Han 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAnisotropic photonic materials with linear dichroism are crucial components in many sensing, imaging, and communication applications. Such materials play an important role as polarizers, filters, and waveplates in photonic devices and circuits. Conventional crystalline materials with optical anisotropy typically show unidirectional linear dichroism over a broad wavelength range. The linear dichroism conversion phenomenon has not been observed in crystalline materials. The investigation of the unique linear dichroism conversion phenomenon in quasi‐1D hexagonal perovskite chalcogenide BaTiS3is reported. This material shows a record level of optical anisotropy within the visible wavelength range. In contrast to conventional anisotropic optical materials, the linear dichroism polarity in BaTiS3makes an orthogonal change at an optical wavelength corresponding to the photon energy of 1.78 eV. First‐principles calculations reveal that this anomalous linear dichroism conversion behavior originates from the different selection rules of the parallel energy bands in the BaTiS3material. Wavelength‐dependent polarized Raman spectroscopy further confirms this phenomenon. Such a material, with linear dichroism conversion properties, could facilitate the sensing and control of the energy and polarization of light, and lead to novel photonic devices such as polarization‐wavelength selective detectors and lasers for multispectral imaging, sensing, and optical communication applications.
Solution‐Processed Organic Transistors with Excellent Electrical Stability under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Kettner Michel , Mi Zhou , Kälblein Daniel , Brill Jochen , Blom Paul W. M. , Weitz R. Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe application of organic transistors in backplane technology is strongly hindered by their perceived instability to current and bias stress. High‐performance polymer organic semiconductors with unprecedented electrical stability under ambient conditions are demonstrated. Remarkably, these unencapsulated, solution‐processed organic transistors show slightly better bias stress stability than even the the current benchmarks for flat panel displays, a‐Si and IGZO. Moreover, the transistors show a high mobility of about 3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and high on/off ratio of 106, combined with excellent reproducibility. These results demonstrate that solution‐processed organic thin‐film transistors have reached a stage that makes them suitable for commercialization in flexible backplane technology.
Ethylene Carbonate‐Free Electrolytes for High‐Nickel Layered Oxide Cathodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Wangda , Dolocan Andrei , Li Jianyu , Xie Qiang , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLayered lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2) can provide very high energy density among intercalation cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, but suffers from poor cycle life and thermal‐abuse tolerance with large lithium utilization. In addition to stabilization of the active cathode material, a concurrent development of electrolyte systems of better compatibility is critical to overcome these limitations for practical applications. Here, with nonaqueous electrolytes based on exclusively aprotic acyclic carbonates free of ethylene carbonate (EC), superior electrochemical and thermal characteristics are obtained with an ultrahigh‐nickel cathode (LiNi0.94Co0.06O2), capable of reaching a 235 mA h g−1 specific capacity. Pouch‐type graphite|LiNi0.94Co0.06O2 cells in EC‐free electrolytes withstand several hundred charge–discharge cycles with minor degradation at both ambient and elevated temperatures. In thermal‐abuse tests, the cathode at full charge, while reacting aggressively with EC‐based electrolytes below 200 °C, shows suppressed self‐heating without EC. Through 3D chemical and structural analyses, the intriguing impact of EC is visualized in aggravating unwanted surface parasitic reactions and irreversible bulk structural degradation of the cathode at high voltages. These results provide important insights in designing high‐energy electrodes for long‐lasting and reliable lithium‐ion batteries.
Breast firmness is of greater importance for women's attractiveness than breast size
Authors: Kościński Krzysztof 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesMale preferences are believed to have played a role in the evolution of permanently enlarged breasts in human females. Although breast size and shape are proven to affect women's attractiveness, their relative importance has not been investigated thus far. We aime to address this gap.MethodsWe prepared two sets of stimuli, each comprising 49 high‐quality color images of a topless woman in a three‐quarter view that varied in breast size (from 1 to 7) and firmness (from 1 to 7). Set A depicted the glandular ptosis (ie, breast shape being manipulated but the nipple always directed forward), while Set B depicted true ptosis (both breast shape and nipple position being manipulated). Participants (aged 18‐45) were assigned to Set A (62 women, 60 men) or Set B (76 women, 52 men). First, each participant indicated the most attractive woman in the set of images. Next, the participant chose the more attractive woman from pairs in which one female deviated from the participant's ideal in breast size and the other in breast firmness.ResultsBoth men and women preferred breasts of average or slightly above‐average size and high or extreme firmness. Glandular ptosis was as important for attractiveness as breast size, but true ptosis was of much greater importance. Men preferred slightly bigger breasts than women.ConclusionsFurther attempts to explain evolution of permanent breasts in human females should give greater attention to breast shape than has previously been the case.
Efficacy of clopidogrel for stroke depends on CYP2C19 genotype and risk profile
Authors: Xu Jie , Wang Anxin , Wangqin Runqi , Mo Jinglin , Chen Zimo , Dai Liye , Meng Xia , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yilong , Li Hao , Chen Wei , Xian Ying , Wang Yongjun ,   for the CHANCE investigators
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveDual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) with clopidogrel plus aspirin has been suggested by American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for minor stroke (MS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients. The purpose of this study was to find the potential subgroups that benefit from DAT. We aimed to compare the efficacy of clopidogrel–aspirin therapy with that of aspirin therapy in MS/TIA patients stratified by CYP2C19 genotype and risk profiles.MethodsCYP2C19 loss‐of‐function allele (LoFA) carriers were defined as patients with LoFA of either *2 or *3. Low‐ and high‐risk profile was defined as Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS) <3 and ≥3, respectively. Stroke recurrence at 1 year was considered primary outcome.ResultsOf a total 2,933 MS/TIA patients, there were 1,726 (58.8%) LoFA carriers and 1,068 (36.4%) patients at high risk (ESRS ≥3). No significant difference for stroke recurrence between the clopidogrel–aspirin group and aspirin alone group was found in LoFA carriers (11.2% vs 13.3%, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64~1.09). In stratified analyses by CYP2C19 genotype and ESRS, HRs (95% CIs) of the clopidogrel–aspirin therapy for stroke recurrence were 1.00 (0.70~1.42), 0.63 (0.41~0.97), 0.62 (0.40~0.96), and 0.52 (0.31~0.88) among subgroups of LoFA carriers at low risk, LoFA carriers at high risk, LoFA noncarriers at low risk, and LoFA noncarriers at high risk, respectively, with p = 0.021 for interaction.InterpretationOverall, LoFA carriers do not benefit from DAT, but there is significant benefit for LoFA carriers who are at high risk. The benefit of clopidogrel in Chinese MS/TIA patients depends on CYP2C19 genotype and risk profile. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:419–426
Double Negatively Curved C70 Growth through a Heptagon‐Involving Pathway
Authors: Zhong Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Zuo‐Chang , Du Peng , Cui Cun‐Hao , Tian Han‐Rui , Shi Xiang‐Mei , Deng Shun‐Liu , Gao Fei , Zhang Qianyan , Gao Cong‐Li , Zhang Xin , Xie Su‐Yuan , Huang Rong‐Bin , Zheng Lan‐Sun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAll previously reported C70 isomers have positive curvature and contain 12 pentagons in addition to hexagons. Herein, we report a new C70 species with two negatively curved heptagon moieties and 14 pentagons. This unconventional heptafullerene[70] containing two symmetric heptagons, referred to as dihept‐C70, grows in the carbon arc by a theoretically supported pathway in which the carbon cluster of a previously reported C66 species undergoes successive C2 insertion via a known heptafullerene[68] intermediate with low energy barriers. As identified by X‐ray crystallography, the occurrence of heptagons facilitates a reduction in the angle of the π‐orbital axis vector in the fused pentagons to stabilize dihept‐C70. Chlorination at the intersection of a heptagon and two adjacent pentagons can greatly enlarge the HOMO–LUMO gap, which makes dihept‐C70Cl6 isolable by chromatography. The synthesis of dihept‐C70Cl6 offers precious clues with respect to the fullerene formation mechanism in the carbon‐clustering process.
Photochemical C−H Amination of Ethers and Geminal Difunctionalization Reactions in One Pot
Authors: Hernández‐Guerra Daniel , Hlavačková Anna , Pramthaisong Chiranan , Vespoli Ilaria , Pohl Radek , Slanina Tomáš , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA mild, atom‐economic, and metal‐free α‐C−H amination of ethers using relatively stable nonafluorobutanesulfonyl (nonaflyl, Nf) azide as the aminating reagent to give N‐sulfonyl hemiaminals is reported. This enables unprecedented C(sp3) difunctionalization reactions, leading to diverse functionalized amino group containing compounds starting from simple ethers in one pot.
Long‐Lived Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence for Visual and Quantitative Detection of Oxygen
Authors: Zhou Yusheng , Qin Wei , Du Cheng , Gao Haiyang , Zhu Fangming , Liang Guodong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn unconventional organic molecule (TBBU) showing obvious long‐lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is reported. X‐ray single crystal analysis demonstrates that TBBU molecules are packed in a unique fashion with side‐by‐side arranged intermolecular aromatic rings, which is entirely different from the RTP molecules reported to date. Theoretical calculations verify that the extraordinary intermolecular interaction between neighboring molecules plays an important role in RTP of TBBU crystals. More importantly, the polymer film doped with TBBU inherits its distinctive RTP property, which is highly sensitive to oxygen. The color of the doped film changes and its RTP lifetime drops abruptly through a dynamic collisional quenching mechanism with increasing oxygen fraction, enabling visual and quantitative detection of oxygen. Through analyzing the grayscale of the phosphorescence images, a facile method is developed for rapid, visual, and quantitative detection of oxygen in the air.
Mouse whole embryo culture: Evaluating the requirement for rat serum as culture medium
Authors: Culshaw Lucy H. , Savery Dawn , Greene Nicholas D. E. , Copp Andrew J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhole embryo culture is a valuable research method in mammalian developmental biology and birth defects research, enabling longitudinal studies of explanted organogenesis‐stage rodent embryos. Rat serum is the primary culture medium, and can sustain growth and development over limited periods as in utero. However, the cost, labor, and time to produce culture serum are factors limiting the uptake of the methodology. The goal of replacing or at least reducing rat serum usage in culture would be in accordance with the principles of “replacement, reduction, and refinement” of animals in research (the 3Rs).MethodsWe performed cultures of mouse embryos for 24 hr from embryonic day 8.5 in serum‐free media or in rat serum diluted with defined media, compared with 100% rat serum. Developmental parameters scored after culture included yolk sac circulation, dorsal axial length, somite number, protein content, and completion of cranial neural tube closure.ResultsA literature review revealed use of both serum‐free and diluted rat serum‐based media in whole embryo culture studies, but with almost no formal comparisons of culture success against 100% rat serum. Two serum‐free media were tested, but neither could sustain development as in 100% rat serum. Dilution of rat serum 1:1 with Glasgow Minimum Essential Medium plus defined supplements supported growth and development as well as whole rat serum, whereas other diluent media yielded substandard outcomes.ConclusionRat serum usage cannot be avoided, to achieve high quality mouse embryo cultures, but rat usage can be reduced using medium containing diluted serum.
Green innovation to respond to environmental regulation: How external knowledge adoption and green absorptive capacity matter?
Authors: Zhang Jianming , Liang Gongqian , Feng Taiwen , Yuan Chunlin , Jiang Wenbo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough environmental regulations have been considered as important forces of conducting green innovation, how and under what conditions they affect green innovation are still unclear. Drawing from institutional theory, this study used survey data from 237 manufacturing firms in China to investigate how two dimensions of environmental regulations (i.e., command and control regulation and market‐based regulation) affect green product innovation and green process innovation. Further, this article examined the mediating role of external knowledge adoption and the moderating role of green absorptive capacity. Our results indicate that both command and control regulation and market‐based regulation have positive influences on external knowledge adoption. External knowledge adoption fully mediates these positive relationships. In addition, green absorptive capacity only strengthens the positive impact of market‐based regulation on external knowledge adoption. Our study contributes to institutional theory and green innovation literature.
In vitro cytotoxic activity of microalgal extracts loaded nano–micro particles produced via electrospraying and microemulsion methods
Authors: Karakaş Canan Y. , Tekarslan Şahin Hande , İnan Benan , Özçimen Didem , Erginer Yıldız Ö. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractReactive oxygen species can bind protein, DNA, lipids, and carbohydrates and thus cause an oxidation reaction that induces various syndromes such as cardiovascular diseases, degenerative disease, and cancer types in the human body. Bioactive compounds, such as PUFA, EPA, DHA, and carotenoids in algae, have a chain ring and protect the tissue from chemical damage and reverse the symptoms of some diseases. Algal bioactives also have various biological properties such as anticoagulants, antiviral, antiangiogenic, antitumor, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immune modulation properties. This study aimed to show in vitro cytotoxic activity effect ofChlorella protothecoidesandNannochloropsis oculatamicroalgal extracts loaded nano–microparticles on A‐172 (Homo sapiensbrain glioblastoma) and HCT‐116 (H. sapienscolon colorectal carcinoma) cell lines because of the increasing importance of algal biotechnology. MTT viability tests were performed on HUVEC, A172, and HCT 116 cells with particles obtained at optimum process parameters. The cell viability rates of encapsulated particles were also compared with pure algae extracts. Microalgal extracts loaded nano–micro particles showed very promising results for cytotoxic effect on cancer cells.
Synthetic Phosphodiester‐Linked 4‐Amino‐4‐deoxy‐l‐arabinose Derivatives Demonstrate that ArnT is an Inverting Aminoarabinosyl Transferase
Authors: Olagnon Charlotte , Monjaras Feria Julia , Grünwald‐Gruber Clemens , Blaukopf Markus , Valvano Miguel A. , Kosma Paul 
Published: June 2019

Abstract4‐Amino‐4‐deoxy‐l‐arabinopyranose (Ara4N) residues have been linked to antibiotic resistance due to reduction of the negative charge in the lipid A and core regions of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To study the enzymatic transfer of Ara4N onto lipid A, which is catalysed by the ArnT transferase, we chemically synthesised a series of anomeric phosphodiester‐linked lipid Ara4N derivatives containing linear aliphatic chains as well as E‐ and Z‐configured monoterpene units. Coupling reactions were based on sugar‐derived H‐phosphonates, followed by oxidation and global deprotection. The enzymatic Ara4N transfer was performed in vitro with crude membranes from a deep‐rough mutant from Escherichia coli as acceptor. Product formation was detected by TLC and LC‐ESI‐QTOF mass spectrometry. Out of seven analogues tested, only the α‐neryl derivative was accepted by the Burkholderia cenocepacia ArnT protein, leading to substitution of the Kdo2‐lipid A acceptor and thus affording evidence that ArnT is an inverting glycosyl transferase that requires the Z‐configured double bond next to the anomeric phosphate moiety. This approach provides an easily accessible donor substrate for biochemical studies relating to modifications of bacterial LPS that modulate antibiotic resistance and immune recognition.