bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic redshifts with self-organizing maps: A novel method to characterize redshift distributions of source galaxies for weak lensing
Authors: Buchs R , Davis C , Gruen D , DeRose J , Alarcon A , Bernstein G M , Sánchez C , Myles J , Roodman A , Allen S , Amon A , Choi A , Masters D C , Miquel R , Troxel M A , Wechsler R H , Abbott T M C , Annis J , Avila S , Bechtol K , Bridle S L , Brooks D , Buckley-Geer E , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Cawthon R , D’Andrea C B , da Costa L N , De Vicente J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Doel P , Drlica-Wagner A , Eifler T F , Evrard A E , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hartley W G , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lima M , Lin H , Maia M A G , March M , Marshall J L , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Ogando R L C , Plazas A A , Rykoff E S , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Sobreira F , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , Vikram V ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Wide-field imaging surveys such as the Dark Energy Survey (DES) rely on coarse measurements of spectral energy distributions in a few filters to estimate the redshift distribution of source galaxies. In this regime, sample variance, shot noise, and selection effects limit the attainable accuracy of redshift calibration and thus of cosmological constraints. We present a new method to combine wide-field, few-filter measurements with catalogues from deep fields with additional filters and sufficiently low photometric noise to break degeneracies in photometric redshifts. The multiband deep field is used as an intermediary between wide-field observations and accurate redshifts, greatly reducing sample variance, shot noise, and selection effects. Our implementation of the method uses self-organizing maps to group galaxies into phenotypes based on their observed fluxes, and is tested using a mock DES catalogue created from N-body simulations. It yields a typical uncertainty on the mean redshift in each of five tomographic bins for an idealized simulation of the DES Year 3 weak-lensing tomographic analysis of σΔz = 0.007, which is a 60 per cent improvement compared to the Year 1 analysis. Although the implementation of the method is tailored to DES, its formalism can be applied to other large photometric surveys with a similar observing strategy.
A hyper-runaway white dwarf in Gaia DR2 as a Type Iax supernova primary remnant candidate
Authors: Ruffini Nicholas J , Casey Andrew R 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Observations of stellar remnants linked to Type Ia and Type Iax supernovae are necessary to fully understand their progenitors. Multiple progenitor scenarios predict a population of kicked donor remnants and partially burnt primary remnants, both moving with relatively high velocity. But only a handful of examples consistent with these two predicted populations have been observed. Here we report the likely first known example of an unbound white dwarf that is consistent with being the fully cooled primary remnant to a Type Iax supernova. The candidate, LP 93-21, is travelling with a galactocentric velocity of $v_{\textrm {gal}} \simeq 605\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}$, and is gravitationally unbound to the Milky Way. We rule out an extragalactic origin. The Type Iax supernova ejection scenario is consistent with its peculiar unbound trajectory, given anomalous elemental abundances are detected in its photosphere via spectroscopic follow-up. This discovery reflects recent models that suggest stellar ejections likely occur often. Unfortunately the intrinsic faintness of white dwarfs, and the uncertainty associated with their direct progenitor systems, makes it difficult to detect and confirm such donors.
EC 22536-5304: SALT identifies a new lead-rich intermediate helium subdwarf★
Authors: Jeffery C S , Miszalski B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
SALT spectra of the helium-rich hot subdwarf EC 22536-5304 show strong absorption lines of triply-ionized lead. Analysis of the HRS spectrum and a follow-up SALT/RSS spectrum show EC 22536-5304 to have surface properties (temperature, gravity, helium/hydrogen ratio) similar to other heavy-metal subdwarfs. With a lead overabundance of 4.8 dex relative to solar, EC 22536-5304 is the most lead-rich intermediate helium subdwarf discovered so far.
Predictors of leptomeningeal disease following hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for intact and resected brain metastases
Authors: Nguyen Timothy K , Sahgal Arjun , Detsky Jay , Atenafu Eshetu G , Myrehaug Sten , Tseng Chia-Lin , Husain Zain , Heyn Chris , Maralani Pejman , Ruschin Mark , Perry James , Soliman Hany 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The objective was to evaluate the risk and predictors of developing leptomeningeal disease (LMD) in patients with brain metastases treated with 5-fraction hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT).

Methods
Patients treated with HSRT for intact brain metastases and/or surgical cavities were reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. Radiographic patterns of LMD were classified as focal classical, diffuse classical, focal nodular, and diffuse nodular.

Results
HSRT was delivered, most commonly 30 Gy in 5 fractions, to 320 intracranial lesions (57% intact and 43% surgical cavities) in 235 patients. The median follow-up was 13.4 months (range, 0.8 to 60 mo). LMD developed in 19% of patients with a 1-year LMD rate of 12%. From the diagnosis of LMD, the median overall survival (OS) was 3.8 months (range, 2–20.8 mo). The most common LMD pattern was diffuse nodular (44%). No difference in OS was observed between LMD patterns (P = 0.203). Multivariable analysis identified surgical cavities at significantly higher risk of LMD compared with intact lesions (odds ratio [OR] = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.24, 4.29, P = 0.008). For cavities, radiosensitive tumors (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.04, 5.35, P = 0.041) predicted for LMD, while, for intact metastases, patients receiving treatment with targeted agents or immunotherapy (TA/I) were at lower risk (OR = 0.178, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.79, P = 0.023).

Conclusions
Patients who had a brain metastasis resected were at an increased risk of LMD. OS was poor despite treatment of LMD, and no differences in OS based on the pattern of LMD was observed. Treatment with TA/I was observed to be protective against LMD and requires further study.
The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism impacts moral permissibility of impersonal harmful behaviors
Authors: Yang Yafang , Wang Chunlan , Li Xiaohan , Yu Rongjun , Zhang Mengfei , Xue Mengying , Guo Wenxuan , He Linlin , Gao Xiaocai , Gong Pingyuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInspired by the roles of serotonin in an emotional aversion to harmful actions, we examined to what extent serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT)–linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), a proxy for measuring serotonin function, underpinned the individual differences in moral judgment through cross-sectional analysis and two-wave comparison. The cross-sectional analysis with a larger cohort (N = 1197) showed that the SS carriers of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, corresponding to the low ratio of serotonin recycling from the synaptic cleft, rated impersonal harmful actions (e.g. flipping a switch to divert a train to hit one person instead of five people) as more permissible as compared with the L-allele carriers. The two-wave comparison with a subsample from the larger cohort (N = 563) indicated that the association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and moral permissibility of impersonal harmful actions was stable from wave 1 to wave 2. Thus, these findings highlight the importance of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism to harmful moral behaviors.
Ambiguity in identification of peer-reviewed publications in the Finnish and Flemish performance-based research funding systems
Authors: Pölönen Janne , Engels Tim , Guns Raf 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In performance-based research funding systems evidence of peer review is often considered a requirement for publications to be included. Originating from the sciences, pre-publication peer review is very common in the publishing process, also in the social sciences and humanities. Sometimes, however, it is ambiguous whether a publication is peer-reviewed or not. In this contribution, we analyse the ambiguity in identifying a journal’s or publication’s peer-review status by comparing the classification of journals in Finland and Flanders, and by taking stock of Finnish authors’ reporting of peer-review status of publications. We find that ambiguity in terms of peer review status is rather common, especially in the humanities. Indeed, we find differences in peer review status in about 10 per cent of all cases, both when comparing Finland and Flanders, and when comparing author-reported and centralised identification of peer-review status.
Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Severe Malaria Is Common and Associated with Adverse Hospital Outcomes
Authors: Oshomah-Bello Eunice O , Esezobor Christopher I , Solarin Adaobi U , Njokanma Fidelis O 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with severe malaria in sub-Saharan African may have been underestimated. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of AKI in children with severe malaria and its association with adverse hospital outcomes.MethodsAt presentation, we measured complete blood count, serum bilirubin, and serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine in children with severe malaria. At 24 h after hospitalization, we repeated serum creatinine measurement. Urine passed in the first 24 h of hospitalization was also measured. We defined AKI and its severity using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome AKI guidelines.ResultsThe study involved 244 children (53.3% males) with a median age of 3.5 (1.9–7.0) years. One hundred and forty-four (59%) children had AKI, and it reached maximum Stages 1, 2 and 3 in 56 (23%), 45 (18.4%) and 43 (17.6%) children, respectively. The majority (86.1%) with AKI had only elevated serum creatinine. Mortality increased with increasing severity of AKI on univariate analysis but weakened on multiple logistic regression. Mortality was also higher in those with both oliguria and elevated serum creatinine than in those with elevated serum creatinine only (50% vs. 4.8%, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, children with AKI spent three days more in hospital than those without AKI (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsAcute kidney injury complicates severe malaria in 6 out of every 10 children and is commonly identified using elevated serum creatinine. It is also associated with adverse hospital outcome.
Managing gestational diabetes
Authors: Dugan Joy A. , Ma-Crawford Julianna 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Gestational diabetes is diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy in a patient who was not diagnosed with diabetes before pregnancy. Timely identification and management of gestational diabetes is important to prevent fetal, infant, and maternal complications. Physical activity and dietary changes remain the hallmark of treatment, with insulin becoming the medication of choice if further intervention is needed. This article reviews the steps clinicians can take to screen for patients with gestational diabetes, recommendations for future type 2 diabetes screening, and how to manage gestational diabetes during the course of a patient's pregnancy based on the American Diabetes Association's current standards of care.
Association Between Year of Birth and 1-Year Survival Among Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden During 2004–2007 and 2014–2016
Authors: Norman Mikael , Hallberg Boubou , Abrahamsson Thomas , Björklund Lars J. , Domellöf Magnus , Farooqi Aijaz , Foyn Bruun Cathrine , Gadsbøll Christian , Hellström-Westas Lena , Ingemansson Fredrik , Källén Karin , Ley David , Maršál Karel , Normann Erik , Serenius Fredrik , Stephansson Olof , Stigson Lennart , Um-Bergström Petra , Håkansson Stellan 
Published: August 2019

(Abstracted from JAMA 2019;321(12):1188–1199)
The long-term health outcomes for preterm infants have improved over time, but infants born at extreme preterm gestational ages continue to present issues of optimal antenatal and postnatal management, resource allocation and costs, quality of care, and long-term health outcomes. To better understand variations and time trends for management and outcomes of extremely preterm birth, study of international populations is needed.
Antibiotic Exposure Profiles in Trials Comparing Intensity of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Jang Soo Min , Pai Manjunath P. , Shaw Alexander R. , Mueller Bruce A. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
To determine whether the probability of target attainment over 72 hours of initial therapy with beta-lactam (cefepime, ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam) and carbapenem (imipenem, meropenem) antibiotics were substantially influenced between intensive and less-intensive continuous renal replacement therapy groups in the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network trial and The RENAL Replacement Therapy Study trial.

Design:
The probability of target attainment was calculated using pharmacodynamic targets of percentage of time that free serum concentrations (fT): 1) were above the target organism’s minimum inhibitory concentration (≥ fT > 1 × minimum inhibitory concentration); 2) were above four times the minimum inhibitory concentration (≥ % fT > 4 × minimum inhibitory concentration); and 3) were always above the minimum inhibitory concentration (≥ 100% fT > minimum inhibitory concentration) for the first 72 hours of antibiotic therapy. Demographic data and effluent rates from the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network and RENAL Replacement Therapy Study trials were used. Optimal doses were defined as the dose achieving greater than or equal to 90% probability of target attainment.

Setting:
Monte Carlo simulations using demographic data from Acute Renal Failure Trial Network and RENAL Replacement Therapy Study trials.

Patients:
Virtual critically ill patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The pharmacodynamic target of fT greater than 1 × minimum inhibitory concentration led to similarly high rates of predicted response with antibiotic doses often used in continuous renal replacement therapy. Achieving 100% fT greater than minimum inhibitory concentration is a more stringent benchmark compared with T greater than 4 × minimum inhibitory concentration with standard antibiotic dosing. The intensity of effluent flow rates (less intensive vs intensive) did not substantially influence the probability of target attainment of antibiotic dosing regimens regardless of pharmacodynamic target.

Conclusions:
Antibiotic pharmacodynamic target attainment rates likely were not meaningfully different in the low- and high-intensity treatment arms of the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network and RENAL Replacement Therapy Study Investigators trials.
Impact of Stressful Climates on Provider Perceptions of Integrated Behavioral Health Services in Pediatric Primary Care: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Hsiung Kimberly S. , Hart Jonathan , Kelleher Kelly J. , Kolko David J. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) work in challenging environments and are increasingly called to implement complex interventions, such as behavioral health (BH) service integration. We explore how perceived stressful practice climates (1) change over time in and (2) influence provider perceptions of collaborative care versus usual care, 2 models of integrated BH care.

Methods:
Secondary exploratory analysis using hierarchical linear modeling was performed on an 18-month cluster-randomized trial of 8 pediatric primary care practices to Doctor-Office Collaborative Care (DOCC), where an on-site care manager delivered BH services in coordination with PCPs, or Enhanced Usual Care (EUC), where a care manager facilitated referrals to local BH providers. Various indicators of PCP perceptions of BH services, including satisfaction with practice, burdens and beliefs regarding psychosocial problems, and effectiveness in treating behavioral problems, were assessed as outcomes. Moderators were 2 domains of stressful climates, role conflict and role overload.

Results:
Role conflict and role overload stayed stable in both conditions. Role conflict strengthened the positive effect of DOCC on PCP perceived effectiveness in treating behavioral problems (β [SE], 0.04 [0.02]; p = 0.04) and improvement in managing oppositional/aggressive behavior (0.02 [0.01]; p = 0.02). Role overload strengthened the positive effect of DOCC on PCP-perceived improvement in managing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (0.03 [0.01]; p = 0.01). Stressful climates did not influence perceptions for EUC providers.

Conclusions:
Providers experiencing more stressful practice climates developed more positive perceptions of collaborative care. This may encourage stressed providers to make effective practice changes and promote practice integration of BH services.
Microneedling Treatment of Striae Distensae in Light and Dark Skin With Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Alster Tina S. , Li Monica K. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND
Striae distensae have notoriously been difficult to treat due to their extensive involvement of nonfacial skin. Microneedling with its lack of thermal injury during microneedling treatment renders it a viable treatment option in darker skin tones and nonfacial regions due to the reduced risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the clinical results and side effects of microneedling in a series of 25 individuals with striae distensae.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-five consecutive adults (SPT I–V) with striae distensae involving the trunk and extremities were treated using a microneedling device. No additional treatments (topical or intralesional) were applied. Two assessors blinded to treatment protocol rated clinical improvement of striae on a 5-point scale. Side effects were monitored and tabulated.

RESULTS
Patients received 1 to 3 consecutive monthly treatments. All striae improved at least 50% after an average of 1.8 treatments, and 28% of patients demonstrated more than 75% clinical improvement. Striae in thicker skin regions (e.g., buttocks/thighs) showed comparable clinical improvement than those in thinner skin areas (e.g., breasts) and did not require additional treatment sessions. Side effects were limited to transient erythema in all skin phototypes. No infections or dyspigmentation were observed.

CONCLUSION
The clinical results obtained in this study support the safe and effective treatment of striae distensae with microneedling in light and dark skin tones in various body locations. Standardization of treatment protocols are anticipated with further (ongoing) studies.
Vision Blinding of Participants in Limb Prosthetic Research Is Unnecessary
Authors: Clark Anna Marie , Fiedler Goeran 
Published: August 2019

Introduction
This research addresses a common limitation in prosthetic and orthotic research, where subject blinding, for example, concealment of the group assignment, is difficult to implement. The purpose of this study was to investigate how effectively people with limb prostheses can be blinded to a typical research intervention. It was hypothesized that vision blinding reduces the accuracy of patients' assessment of prosthesis alignment changes.

Methods
Users of a lower-limb prosthesis who were able to walk without aid were recruited as participants for this randomized crossover intervention study. Exclusion criteria were visual impairments and use of a prosthesis that disallows temporary alignment changes. Blinding (four levels) and prosthetic ankle alignment perturbation (five levels) were combined to result in a total of 20 randomized conditions per participant. Participants' accuracy and surety of assessing the alignment perturbation were evaluated as the main outcome measures.

Results
Correctness of alignment assessment with and without blinding was not found to be significantly different (P = 0.230). Subject's surety about their own assessments was significantly lower with vision blinding (P = 0.005).

Conclusions
Vision blinding did not seem to affect subjects' awareness of prosthetic interventions.
Predictive risk stratification using HEART (history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors, and initial troponin) and TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) scores in non-high risk chest pain patients
Authors: Bhattacharya Priyanka T. , Golamari Reshma R. , Vunnam Sandhya , Moparthi Smitha , Venkatappa Neethi , Dollard Denis J. , Missri Jose , Yang Wei , Kimmel Stephen E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Validated risk scoring systems in African American (AA) population are under studied. We utilized history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors, and initial troponin (HEART) and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) scores to predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in non-high cardiovascular (CV) risk predominantly AA patient population.
A retrospective emergency department (ED) charts review of 1266 chest pain patients where HEART and TIMI scores were calculated for each patient. Logistic regression model was computed to predict 6-week and 1-year MACE and 90-day cardiac readmission. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was constructed to differentiate between clinical strategies in non-high CV risk patients.
Of the 817 patients included, 500 patients had low HEART score vs. 317 patients who had moderate HEART score. Six hundred sixty-three patients had low TIMI score vs. 154 patients had high TIMI score. The univariate logistic regression model shows odds ratio of predicting 6-week MACE using HEART score was 3.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–6.76, P = .004) with increase in risk category from low to moderate vs. 2.07 (95% CI 1.18–3.63, P = .011) using TIMI score with increase in risk category from low to high and c-statistic of 0.86 vs. 0.79, respectively. DCA showed net benefit of using HEART score is equally predictive of 6-week MACE when compared to TIMI.
In non-high CV risk AA patients, HEART score is better predictive tool for 6-week MACE when compared to TIMI score. Furthermore, patients presenting to ED with chest pain, the optimal strategy for a 2% to 4% miss rate threshold probability should be to discharge these patients from the ED.