bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Supreme laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal intubation for airway management during general anesthesia for Cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yao Wei Yu , Li Shi Yang , Yuan Yong Jin , Tan Hon Sen , Han Nian-Lin Reena , Sultana Rehena , Assam Pryseley N , Sia Alex Tiong Heng , SNG Ban Leong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
The obstetric airway is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Endotracheal intubation is considered the standard of care but the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has gained acceptance as a rescue airway and has been incorporated into the obstetric airway management guidelines. In this randomized controlled equivalence trial, we compared the Supreme LMA (SLMA) with endotracheal intubation (ETT) in managing the obstetric airway during cesarean section.

Methods
Parturients who underwent elective cesarean section under general anesthesia were randomized to receive either an SLMA or ETT as their airway device. Our primary outcome was first-attempt insertion success. Successful insertion was defined as adequate bilateral air entry with auscultation and the presence of end-tidal carbon dioxide on the capnogram. The first-attempt insertion success rate was compared using the Chi-Square test. Secondary outcomes included time-to-ventilation, seal pressure, ventilation/hemodynamic parameters, occurrence of clinical aspiration, foetal outcomes, and maternal side effects associated with the airway device.

Results
We recruited 920 parturients (460 SLMA, 460 ETT) who underwent elective Caesarean section under general anesthesia. Patient characteristics were similar between the groups. First attempt success was similar (Odds Ratio--ORSLMA/ETA: 1.00 (95%CI: 0.25, 4.02), p = 1.0000). SLMA was associated with reduced time to effective ventilation (Mean Difference--MD -22.96; 95%CI: -23.71, -22.21 seconds) compared to ETT group (p<0.0001). Ventilation parameters, maternal and fetal outcomes were similar between the groups, and there was no aspiration.

Conclusions
SLMA could be an alternative airway management technique for a carefully selected low-risk obstetric population, with similar insertion success rates, reduced time to ventilation and less hemodynamic changes compared with ETT. Our findings are consistent with the airway guidelines in recommending the second line use of LMA in the management of obstetric airway.
Thrombocytopenia according to Antiretroviral Drug Combinations, Viremia and CD4 Lymphocytes among HIV-Infected Patients in Cameroon A Snapshot from the City of Yaoundé
Authors: NKA Alex Durand , Sosso Samuel Martin , Fokam Joseph , Yagai Bouba , Teto Georges , Kamgaing Rachel , Tiga Aline , Yimga Junie , Nukenine Elias Nchiwan , Nanfack Aubin Joseph , Takou Désiré , Aroga Zélateur , Colizzi Vittorio , Ndjolo Alexis 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in blood platelets, which can affect the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV). In order to limit the occurrence of this haematological disorder, we evaluated the frequency of thrombocytopenia according to antiretroviral drug combinations, viremia and the immune status of PLHIV.

Methods

A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from June-November 2016 among 310 PLHIV at the “Chantal BIYA” International Reference Centre for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon. Thrombocytopenia was assessed by blood count on Mindray BC 3000 plus, then categorized as mild (50,000-149,999 platelets/μL), moderate (20,000-49,999) and severe <20,000; HIV-1 viremia was measured by Abbott m2000RT and CD4 by BD Facs Calibur; treatment history was retrieved from medical records. Data were analysed using Graph Pad Prism.6, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

Median age was 40 [IQR: 33-49] years with, and 60.9% of participants being female. Up to 79.0% (245) were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART); 54.5% had CD4 counts <500 cells/mm3 and 25.4% had viremia >3log10 RNA/ml. Overall rate of thrombocytopenia was 19.0% (59/310), with 17.4% (54/310) mild, 1.6% (5/310) moderate and 0.0% severe. Following ART-exposure, rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.6% (42/65) versus 6.9% (17/245) in naïve versus treated patients respectively, p<0.0001. Following ART regimens, rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.7% (11/17) versus 35.3% (6/17) among AZT-containing versus AZT-sparing regimens, p=0.02. Following viral load ranges, rate of thrombocytopenia was 15.8% (20/130) in those with undetectable viral load, 11.0% (12/101) with viral loads 1.60-3.0 log10 RNA/ml and 34.1% (27/79) with viral loads >3 log10 RNA/ml (p=0.03; r=-0.12). As concerns CD4-count, rate of thrombocytopenia was 16.2% (42/259) in those with ≥200 CD4/mm3 versus 33.3% (17/51) with <200 CD4/mm3 (p=0.0003; r=0.21). After adjusting for age, sex, ART, viral load and CD4, only ART exposure was significantly associated with decreased risk of thrombopenia (p<0.0001).

Conclusions

Thrombocytopenia occurs generally at mild-level among PLHIV in Cameroon, especially among ART-naïve, AZT-treated, high viremia and severe immune-compromised patients. Interestingly, ART coverage appears as an independent factor in preventing the occurrence of thrombocytopenia, especially for AZT-sparing treatment combinations in countries with similar features like Cameroon.
Transcriptomic analysis of formation and release of monospores in Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Song Shanshan , Yan Xing-Hong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Certain red algae (Pyropia yezoensis) of the genus Pyropia can be asexually reproduced by producing monospores, which provides a large number of secondary seeds for marine production. However, the molecular biological mechanism of how algal regulates its own monospores’ formation and release is still unclear, which brings great difficulties and challenges for regulating the yield of seaweed and discovering new strains.

Results

In this study, we compared and analyzed the data between PY26W' which release a large number of monospores and PY26W which release few monospores by Illumina sequencing platform. The number of DEGs produced by the PY26W' was much higher than that of PY26W, and upregulated genes dominantly in PY26W'. A total of 415 common DEGs were produced between comparison of PY26W and PY26W', which may be involved in formation and release of monospores. All the DEGs were highly enriched in the translation process, ribosome assembly, RNA methylation, assembly of actin and vesicles, intracellular localization of organelles, endocytosis and other biological processes and MAPK signaling pathways. Four DEGs (Contig-21827, Contig-15542, Contig-13390, Trinity-DN39215) were selected for real-time PCR, and the results were highly consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results in both strains, and their expression levels were significant. Further expression analysis indicated that Contig-21827 was abundantly expressed in Pyropia. suborbiculata, Pyropia. chauhanii and PY26W' but not in PY26W and Porphyra haitanensis (WT-8), indicating it plays a key regulatory role in the formation and release of monospores. This gene was further confirmed to be involved in the formation of monospores by analogous conidia formation pathway and was named PyMFG.

Conclusion

This is the first time to investigate the formation and release of monospores in P. yezoensis from the RNA level. We successfully screened the monospores’ formation gene (PyMFG) of P. yezoensis and the chitinase homologous gene that degraded its cell wall of monosporangia. Which lay a theoretical foundation for the subsequent explanation of the molecular biological mechanism of its formation and release, regulation of seaweed yield and discovery of new seaweed strains.
The bacteriostatic effect and mechanism of berberine on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhou Fangfang , Xu Minyi , Gong Wei , Ji Shuiying 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: To observe the bacteriostatic effect of berberine on MRSA, while also exploring the bacteriostatic mechanism of BBR on MRSA.

Methods: The MIC of BBR, gentamicin, levofloxacin，amikacin was determined by broth microdilution, while the MICs of BBR combined with gentamicin, levofloxacin，amikacin against MRSA were determined using microdilution checkerboard. Time-killing test were used to determine the kinetics of BBR combined with antibiotics for MRSA. We used conductivity to assess the changes in membrane permeability in response to BBR on MRSA, while also investigating the changes in MRSA morphology by TEM. RNA-sequencing was used to analyze the expression of differentially expressed genes in USA300 after its treatment with BBR.

Results: The MICs range of BBR on MRSA was 32-256 µg/mL. The range of FICIs of BBR combined with gentamicin, levofloxacin，amikacin were 0.53-1.06, 0.62-1.5, 0.16-1.25. After co-culturing MRSA with BBR at 512 ug/mL, 64 ug/mL,8 ug/mL, respectively, the conductivity of these group increased by 8.14%,13.08% and 12.01%, respectively. Using TEM, we found that low-concentration of BBR had no significant effect on MRSA structure, medium-concentration of BBR thinned the cell wall of MRSA, while high-concentration of BBR destroyed cell wall, leading to bacterial lysis. RNA-sequencing results showed that there were 754 differentially expressed genes in the high-concentration group compared with the control group, of which 561 genes were up-regulated and 193 genes were down-regulated. Compared with the low-concentration group, there were 590 differentially expressed genes, of which 402 genes were up-regulated and 188 genes were down-regulated. Compared with the control group, 19 genes were differentially expressed in the low-concentration group, of which 11 genes were up-regulated,8 genes were down-regulated.

Conclusions: BBR displayed an excellent bacteriostatic effect on MRSA. BBR combined with antibiotics significantly enhanced the bacteriostatic effect on MRSA. BBR inhibited bacteria by destroying the structure of cell wall. RNA-sequencing results demonstrated that the expression of cell wall hydrolysis genes and virulence factor were significantly differentially expressed on MRSA.
Complications of typhoid fever in digestive surgery: a descriptive study based on 295 cases in a sub Saharan environment
Authors: OUEDRAOGO Souleymane , OUANGRE Edgar , ZIDA Maurice , DIALLO Ismael , BERE Bernadette 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Typhoid fever is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Inadequate management often leads to complications, which are mainly surgical. Surgical complications are fraught with heavy mortality.
Objective: To describe the surgical and digestive complications of typhoid fever in the Surgical Department of Tenkodogo Regional Hospital in Central-Eastern Burkina Faso.
Methods: This was a descriptive study performed in the digestive surgery department of Tenkodogo Regional Hospital. It covered the period from January 2014 to December 2018. The records of all patients who were admitted for a surgical complication of typhoid fever were included.
Results: Two hundred and ninety-five patients were treated for a surgical complication of typhoid fever. There were 184 male patients (62.4%) and 111 female patients. Their average age was 15.7 years. The reported complications were peritonitis by ileal perforation with 212 cases (71.2%), acute cholecystitis with 45 cases (13.8%), primary biliary peritonitis with 23 cases (6.8%) and liver abscess with 15 cases (5.1%). Patients were operated on by laparotomy and laparoscopy under general anaesthesia. The ileal perforations were treated according to 3 surgical procedures: excision-suture of the perforation, resection-anastomosis at the same time and ileostomy with restoration of the digestive continuity after 3 weeks. In cases of acute cholecystitis or biliary peritonitis, a cholecystectomy was proposed. The liver abscesses were drained by laparotomy or by puncture. Antibiotic therapy was associated with surgical treatment. The average length of stay of patients was 9 days. Twenty-eight patients died, which represents 9.5% mortality.
Conclusion: The surgical complications of typhoid fever are responsible for heavy mortality in digestive surgery.
Code of ethics teaching and its application in nursing students: a cross sectional study
Authors: Rambod Masoume , Khademian Zahra 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Codes of ethics is a guide for nursing practice. However, limited number of studies was conducted on code of ethics teaching and its application in nursing students. This study aimed to determine code of ethics teaching and its application in nursing students and the association between variables.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 134 nursing students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences participated in this study. Codes of Ethics for Nurses Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS.

Results

Code of ethics teaching and its application in 98% and 97% of nursing students were in moderate and high levels. Beside, association between codes of ethics teaching and its application were significant in nursing students (r=0.21, P=0.04). Most of the participants were taught the codes of ethics by their lecturers (58.1%) in classroom (61.1%). Two third of the participants had moderate and above knowledge and capability to apply the codes of ethics. Furthermore, 75.2% of them believed that having codes of ethics were highly essential.

Conclusions

The teaching and application of the codes in approximately 50% of the students were in moderate level, which shows they need to acquire more knowledge on this subject. As the association between codes of ethics teaching and its application through increasing their knowledge, hence, application of these codes in nursing students who will become the future nurses is imperative.
Inferior vena cava diameter as a predicting factor for hypotension after induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients
Authors: Wu TL , Yu Guocan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the use of inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) to predict post-induction of general anesthesia (IGA) hypotension in older patients.
Methods: Part I involved 60 older patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgery (group T).We determined the optimal cutoff value (OCV) of the most sensitive index (MSI) (the collapsibility index (IVCci), distensibility index, or respiratory variation rate) that best predicted post-IGA hypotension in older adult patients. Part II involved 66 older adult patients who underwent general anesthesia for surgery. In accordance with the MSI determinde in part I, patients were divided into group B (MSI ≥ OCV, n=42) and group S (MSI
Synthesis and Theoretical Analyses of Novel 5-mercapto-2-(5-methyl-furan-2-ylmethylidenamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole Molecule
Authors: KOTAN Gül , MEDETALİBETOĞLU Hilal , BEYTUR Murat , AKYILDIRIM Onur , YÜKSEK Haydar 
Published: May 2019

In this study, the novel 5 Mercapto 2--(5 methyl furan 2 yl 1,3,4 thiadiazole molecule was synthesized from the reaction of 2 amino 5 mercapto 1,3,4 thiadiazole with 5 methyl furan 2 carbaldehyde. The 5 Mercapto 2--(5 methyl furan 2 yl 1,3,4 thiadiazole was optimized by using DFT( HF methods. The mulliken charges, HOMO LUMO energy, ELUMO EHOMO energy gap (ΔEg), dipole moments, electron affinity (A), ionization potential (I), chemical softness (σ), chemical hardness (η), electronegativity (χ), bond angles, total energy and bond lengths of the molecule were calculated by using 6 31G(d,p) basis set with DFT (B3LYP) and HF methods. Otherwise, the 1H NMR and 13C NMR isotropic shift values were calculated by using GIAO methods with GaussianG09W package program. The experimental/theoretical values were compared and the regression analysis were found. Defining IR values were used the veda4f program. The theoretical infrared spectrums are visualised.
Vitamin D in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Biological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects
Authors: Olmedo-Martín Raúl Vicente , González-Molero Inmaculada , Olveira Gabriel , Amo-Trillo Víctor , Jiménez-Pérez Miguel 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Vitamin D has an immunoregulatory action in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) as well
as other immune-mediated disorders. Its influence on intestinal permeability, innate and adaptive immunity, and the
composition and diversity of the microbiota contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Patients with
IBD have a greater prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than the general population, and a possible association between
this deficit and a worse course of the disease. However, intervention studies in patients with IBD have proved
inconclusive.

Objective:
To review all the evidence concerning the role of vitamin D as an important factor in the pathophysiology
of IBD, review the associations found between its deficiency and the prognosis of the disease, and draw conclusions
for the practical application from the main intervention studies undertaken.

Method:
Structured search and review of basic, epidemiological, clinical and intervention studies evaluating the
influence of vitamin D in IBD, following the basic principles of scientific data.

Results:
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with disease activity, quality of life, the consumption of social and
healthcare resources, and the durability of anti-TNFα biological treatment. Determination of new metabolites of
vitamin D, measurement of its absorption capacity and questionnaires about sun exposure could help identify groups
of IBD patients with a special risk of vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusion:
Well-designed intervention studies are needed in IBD, with probably higher objective plasma doses of
vitamin D to establish its efficacy as a therapeutic agent with immunomodulatory properties. Meanwhile, vitamin D
deficiency should be screened for and corrected in affected patients in order to achieve adequate bone and phosphocalcic
metabolism.
Talazoparib Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of the Therapeutic Efficacy In vitro
Authors: Eskiler Gamze Guney , Cecener Gulsah , Dikmen Gokhan , Egeli Unal , Tunca Berrin 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
In the present work, we report for the first time the therapeutic potential of talazoparib
(BMN 673)-SLNs for the treatment of BRCA1 deficient Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).
BMN 673-SLNs were produced by hot-homogenization technique and then characterized.

Methods:
The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of BMN 673-SLNs compared with BMN 673 were determined
on HCC1937BRCA1-/-, HCC1937-R resistant TNBC and MCF-10A control cell lines. BMN 673-
SLNs were found to have reduced particle size (219.5 ± 1.45 nm) and thus more stable (-28.4 ± 2.52
mV) than BMN 673 (1652 ± 2.46 nm and -18.6 ± 0.45 mV) at 4°C.

Results:
In vitro cell line studies demonstrated that BMN 673-SLNs showed significant cytotoxic effects
on HCC1937 (29.8%) and HCC1937-R cells (35.7%) at 10 nM for 12 days compared with BMN 673
(HCC1937 cells: 34.0% and HCC1937-R cells: 93.8% at 10 nM for 12 days) (p<0.05). Additionally,
BMN 673-SLNs (40.1%) reduced the toxicity of BMN 673 (53.1%) on MCF-10A control cells thanks to
unique physical properties.

Conclusion:
The apoptotic rates in the 10 nM BMN 673-SLNs treatment (88.78% and 85.56%) for 12
days were significantly higher than those in 10 nM BMN 673 (82.6% and 25.86%) for 12 days in HCC1937
and HCC1937-R cells, respectively (p<0.01). Furthermore, these effects were consistent with the findings
of colony formation, wound healing and calcein accumulation analysis. In conclusion, the therapeutic potential
of BMN 673-SLNs provides a promising chemotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of drugresistant
TNBC.
End User–Informed Mobile Health Intervention Development for Adolescent Cannabis Use Disorder: Qualitative Study
Authors: Bagot Kara , Hodgdon Elizabeth , Sidhu Natasha , Patrick Kevin , Kelly Mikaela , Lu Yang , Bath Eraka 
Published: May 2019

Background
The rates of cannabis use continue to increase among adolescents and the current interventions have modest effects and high rates of relapse following treatment. There is increasing evidence for the efficacy of mobile technology–based interventions for adults with substance use disorders, but there is limited study of this technology in adolescents who use cannabis.

Objective
The goal of our study was to elucidate elements of an app-based adjunctive intervention for cannabis cessation that resonate with adolescents who use cannabis.

Methods
Adolescents, aged between 14 and 17 years, who used cannabis were recruited from San Diego County high schools. Semistructured focus groups (6 total; N=37) were conducted to examine the ways in which participants used smartphones, including the use of any health behavior change apps, as well as to elicit opinions about elements that would promote engagement with an app-based intervention for adolescent cannabis cessation. An iterative coding structure was used with first cycle structural coding, followed by pattern coding.

Results
Themes that emerged from the analysis included (1) youth valued rewards to incentivize the progressive reduction of cannabis use, which included both nontangible rewards that mimic those obtained on social media platforms and prosocial activity-related rewards, (2) having the ability to self-monitor progression, (3) peer social support, (4) privacy and confidentiality discrete logo and name and usernames within the app, and (5) individualizing frequency and content of notifications and reminders.

Conclusions
Integrating content, language, interfaces, delivery systems, and rewards with which adolescents who use cannabis are familiar, engage with on a day-to-day basis, and identify as relevant, may increase treatment engagement and retention for adolescents in substance use treatment. We may increase treatment effectiveness by adapting and individualizing current evidence-based interventions, so that they target the needs of adolescents and are more easily incorporated into their everyday routines.