bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broken bridges: The isolation of Kilimanjaro's ecosystem
Authors: Hemp Andreas , Hemp Claudia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBiodiversity studies of global change mainly focus on direct impacts such as losses in species numbers or ecosystem functions. In this study, we focus on the long‐term effects of recent land‐cover conversion and subsequent ecological isolation of Kilimanjaro on biodiversity in a paleobiogeographical context, linking our findings with the long‐standing question whether colonization of African mountains mainly depended on long‐distance dispersal, or whether gradual migration has been possible through habitat bridges under colder climates. For this, we used Orthoptera as bioindicators, whose patterns of endemism and habitat demands we studied on about 500 vegetation plots on Kilimanjaro and Mt. Meru (Tanzania) since 1996. Land‐cover changes in the same area were revealed using a supervised classification of Landsat images from 1976 to 2000. In 1976, there was a corridor of submontane forest vegetation linking Kilimanjaro with Mt. Meru, replaced by human settlements and agriculture after 2000. Until recently, this submontane forest bridge facilitated the dispersal of forest animals, illustrated by the large number of endemic submontane forest Orthoptera shared by both mountains. Furthermore, the occurrence of common montane endemics suggests the existence of a former forest corridor with montane vegetation during much earlier times under climatic conditions 2–7°C cooler and 400–1,700 mm wetter than today. Based on the endemicity patterns of forest Orthoptera, negative consequences are predicted due to the effects of isolation, in particular for larger forest animals. Kilimanjaro is becoming an increasingly isolated ecosystem with far reaching consequences for diversity and endemism. Forest bridges between East African mountains acted as important migratory corridors and are not only a prehistoric phenomenon during periods with other climatic conditions but also disappeared in some places recently due to increasing and direct anthropogenic impact.
Repeated application of anaerobic digestate, undigested cattle slurry and inorganic fertilizer N: Impacts on pasture yield and quality
Authors: Walsh J. J. , Jones D. L. , Chadwick D. R. , Williams A. P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe growth of on‐farm anaerobic digestion (AD) has generated significant quantities of digestate for use as a soil amendment. However, relative to other organic and inorganic fertilizers, only limited field trial data exist on the effect of repeated applications of digestate to temperate grasslands. Here, we compare yields and grass quality (protein and digestibility) from a field trial of a mixed pasture ley (ryegrass and clover), following the application of five different fertilizer types (liquid digestate generated from anaerobically digested slurry, dry fibre digestate, undigested slurry, ammonium nitrate and an NPK compound fertilizer) in comparison with a no‐fertilizer control. Application rates were normalized in terms of nitrogen (N) and were added as a split dose, with 100 kg N/ha added prior to the first harvest and an additional 50 kg N/ha supplied after the first harvest, every year for 3 years. Overall, our results showed that applying both forms of digestate or undigested slurry gave grass yields that matched those obtained with one compound inorganic fertilizer, and better than those from a straight N inorganic fertilizer. No differences were found with regard to digestibility or sward N‐content (hence calculated protein) between any treatments. Although the trial was conducted at only one site, the results indicate that inorganic fertilizers can potentially be replaced by digestate without compromising grassland productivity.
Closed Analytic Elements with Flexible Geometry
Authors: Ranjram Mark , Craig James R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA simple and fast treatment of hydrogeologic features with irregularly shaped boundaries in two‐dimensional analytic element groundwater flow models is presented. The star domain shapes of the features are restricted to closed shapes represented as smooth and continuous single‐valued functions of distance from a focus point, . The element can be used to treat a variety of boundary and continuity conditions, including those of irregularly shaped lakes or heterogeneities in hydraulic conductivity. The new element is demonstrated via some simple illustrative test cases and shown to be efficient, accurate, and much simpler to implement than existing solutions for irregular shapes.
Transformation of Trichloroethylene to Predominantly Non‐Regulated Products under Stimulated Sulfate Reducing Conditions
Authors: Butler Elizabeth C. , Chen Lixia , Darlington Ramona 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAnaerobic microcosms containing sediment and water were amended to generate a range of mass loadings of FeS. Microcosms were then spiked with trichloroethylene (TCE) and the concentration of TCE and possible volatile reaction products monitored over time. The lowest yields of TCE, as well as the lowest yields of reaction products regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act (i.e., dichloroethylene isomers and vinyl chloride), were observed at FeS mass loadings at or above 20 g/L. Sixty eight days after spiking with TCE, selected microcosms were amended with sulfate and lactate, or sulfate, Fe(II), and lactate, and the effect of these amendments on TCE transformation and yield of regulated products was compared to microcosms that did not receive any amendments. Addition of sulfate, Fe(II), and lactate led to the greatest improvement on TCE depletion rates and the lowest yields of regulated reaction products compared with addition of sulfate and lactate, or no amendments. Analysis of kinetic modeling suggests that microbial and abiotic processes acted in concert to promote TCE transformation to a relatively low yield of regulated products in microbially active microcosms that contained high mass loadings of FeS.
Weight management programmes: Re‐analysis of a systematic review to identify pathways to effectiveness
Authors: Melendez‐Torres G.J. , Sutcliffe Katy , Burchett Helen E. D. , Rees Rebecca , Richardson Michelle , Thomas James 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious systematic reviews of weight management programmes (WMPs) have not been able to account for heterogeneity of effectiveness within programmes using top‐down behavioural change taxonomies. This could be due to overlapping causal pathways to effectiveness (or lack of effectiveness) in these complex interventions. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) can help identify these overlapping pathways.MethodsUsing trials of adult WMPs with dietary and physical activity components identified from a previous systematic review, we selected the 10 most and 10 least effective interventions by amount of weight loss at 12 months compared to minimal treatment. Using intervention components suggested by synthesis of studies of programme user views, we labelled interventions as to the presence of these components and, using qualitative comparative analysis, developed pathways of component combinations that created the conditions sufficient for interventions to be most effective and least effective.ResultsInformed by the synthesis of views studies, we constructed 3 truth tables relating to quality of the user‐provider relationship; perceived high need for guidance from providers; and quality of the relationship between peers in weight management programmes. We found effective interventions were characterized by opportunities to develop supportive relationships with providers or peers, directive provider‐led goal setting and components perceived to foster self‐regulation.ConclusionsAlthough QCA is an inductive method, this innovative approach has enabled the identification of potentially critical aspects of WMPs, such as the nature of relationships within them, which were previously not considered to be as important as more concrete content such as dietary focus.
Exploring consumers’ purchase intention towards green products in an emerging market: The role of consumers’ perceived readiness
Authors: Arli Denni , Tan Lay P. , Tjiptono Fandy , Yang Lin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConsumers’ awareness of green products has increased in the last few years, but studies show that the demand for green products has been stagnant. The purpose of this study is to explore the roles of consumers’ perceived readiness to be green and subsequently, how readiness to be green affects consumers’ purchase intention towards green products in an emerging market, Indonesia. A total of 916 survey responses were collected in three universities, two major shopping malls and several housing areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The findings reveal that consumers’ attitude (ATT), subjective norm, perceived behavioural control (PBC), pro‐environmental self‐identity (PEI), ethical obligation and consumers’ readiness to be green are the determinants of intention to purchase green products. Consumers’ readiness to be green mediates the effects of ATT, PBC, PEI and perceived sense of responsibility on purchase intention. The study provides further insights into the discrepancy between professed positive attitudes towards the environment and the slow uptake of green behaviour in an emerging market.
Evaluating the validity and reliability of the V‐scale instrument (Turkish version) used to determine nurses' attitudes towards vital sign monitoring
Authors: Ertuğ Nurcan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the V‐scale, which measures nurses' attitudes towards vital signs monitoring in the detection of clinical deterioration.MethodsThis validity and reliability study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Ankara, Turkey, in 2016. A total of 169 ward nurses participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used to determine the validity and reliability of the scale.ResultsA 5‐factor, 16‐item scale explained 60.823% of the total variance according to the validity analysis. Our version matched the original scale in terms of the number of items and factor structure. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Turkish version of the V‐scale was 0.764. The test‐retest reliability results were 0.855 for the overall intraclass correlation coefficient, and the t‐test result wasP > 0.05.ConclusionThe V‐scale is a reliable and valid instrument to measure Turkish nurses' attitudes towards vital signs monitoring in the detection of clinical deterioration.
Former ses travailleurs seniors pour ne pas les perdre? Illustration par le cas allemand
Authors: BERG Peter B. , HAMMAN Mary K. , PISZCZEK Matthew M. , RUHM Christopher J. 
Published: March 2018

RésuméUne vague de départs à la retraite s'annonce en Allemagne, qui privera les entreprises d'une main‐d'œuvre parfois difficile à remplacer. Dans ce contexte, les auteurs s'intéressent à l'apport de la formation en entreprise, recherchant une corrélation entre formation, salaire et probabilité de départ. Ils montrent que cette probabilité diminue lorsque l'établissement propose des programmes de formation spécifiques pour les seniors mais seulement au sein des effectifs féminins – et surtout parmi les bas salaires –, sans doute sous l'effet de la progression salariale. Les formations ciblées pourraient donc encourager les femmes faiblement rémunérées à rester actives plus longtemps, améliorant ainsi leurs perspectives de carrière.
Effets de la sous‐qualification sur les besoins de récupération, la perte d'emploi et les désirs de préretraite: étude prospective sur une population d'employés de bureau en fin de carrière
Authors: GOMMANS Fleur G. , JANSEN Nicole W. H. , STYNEN Dave , KANT Ijmert , de GRIP Andries 
Published: March 2018

RésuméÀ partir de données de l'étude de cohorte de Maastricht sur la fatigue au travail, relatives à la période 2012–2014, les auteurs examinent la fréquence et la dynamique de la sous‐qualification au sein d'un échantillon d'employés de bureau en fin de carrière, ainsi que ses effets sur les besoins de récupération, l'emploi et les projets de préretraite. Ils montrent que des déficits de compétences augmentent les besoins de récupération et le risque de perte d'emploi, mais pas le risque de retraite anticipée. Pour promouvoir l'emploi durable, ils recommandent de surveiller l'apparition de ces déficits tout au long du parcours professionnel.
Evaluating oseltamivir prescriptions in Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services medical claims records as an indicator of seasonal influenza in the United States
Authors: Dahlgren F. Scott , Shay David K. , Izurieta Hector S. , Forshee Richard A. , Wernecke Michael , Chillarige Yoganand , Lu Yun , Kelman Jeffrey A. , Reed Carrie 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundOver 34 million residents of the United States aged 65 years and older are also Medicare prescription drug beneficiaries. Medical claims records for this age group potentially provide a wealth of data for better understanding influenza epidemiology.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate data on oseltamivir dispensing extracted from medical claims records as an indicator of influenza activity in the United States for the 2010‐11 through 2014‐15 influenza seasons.MethodsWe used Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) medical claims data to evaluate the weekly number of therapeutic oseltamivir prescriptions dispensed following a rapid influenza diagnostic test among beneficiaries 65 years old and older as an indicator of influenza timing and intensity. We compared the temporal changes in this indicator to changes in the proportion of influenza‐like illnesses among outpatient visits in the US Outpatient Influenza‐like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) by administrative regions defined by the US Department of Health and Human Services. Using the moving epidemic method, we determined intensity thresholds and categorized the severity of seasons for both CMS and ILINet data.ResultsCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services oseltamivir data and ILINet data were strongly correlated by administrative region (median Spearman's ρ = 0.78; interquartile range = 0.73‐0.80). CMS oseltamivir data and ILINet data substantially agreed (Cohen's weighted κ = 0.62) as to the seasonal severity across administrative regions.ConclusionsOur results support the use of oseltamivir dispensing in medical claims data as an indicator of US influenza activity.
How can mindfulness be promoted? Workload and recovery experiences as antecedents of daily fluctuations in mindfulness
Authors: Hülsheger Ute R. , Walkowiak Alicia , Thommes Marie S. 
Published: March 2018

While previous work on mindfulness has focused predominantly on the benefits of mindfulness and of mindfulness interventions, the present article addresses the question of how natural experiences of mindfulness can be promoted in the context of work. Accordingly, this article sheds light on day‐to‐day fluctuations in workload and recovery experiences (psychological detachment and sleep quality) as antecedents of state mindfulness. Furthermore, this study extends extant research that has documented beneficial effects of mindfulness on subsequent recovery experiences by arguing that the relationship between mindfulness and recovery experiences is reciprocal rather than unidirectional. Using an experience‐sampling design across five workdays and involving three daily measurement occasions, we found that sleep quality and workload were related to subsequent levels of mindfulness. While not displaying a significant direct relationship with mindfulness, psychological detachment was indirectly related to mindfulness via sleep quality. Fatigue was identified as an important mechanism explaining these relationships. Furthermore, findings confirmed that the relationship between mindfulness and recovery experiences is reciprocal rather than unidirectional. Taken together, this study contributes to an enriched understanding of the role of mindfulness in organizations by shedding light on factors that precede the experience of mindfulness and by pointing to the existence of gain spirals associated with recovery experiences and mindfulness.Practitioner points

Organizations seeking to promote mindfulness among their workforce should try to keep workload to a manageable degree.

Organizations may also pay attention to care for employees' day‐to‐day recovery as it has been shown to facilitate mindfulness.
Global database of plants with root‐symbiotic nitrogen fixation: NodDB
Authors: Tedersoo Leho , Laanisto Lauri , Rahimlou Saleh , Toussaint Aurèle , Hallikma Tiit , Pärtel Meelis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPlants associated with symbiotic N‐fixing bacteria play important roles in early successional, riparian and semi‐dry ecosystems. These so‐called N‐fixing plants are widely used for reclamation of disturbed vegetation and improvement of soil fertility in agroforestry. Yet, available information about plants that are capable of establishing nodulation is fragmented and somewhat outdated. This article introduces the NodDB database of N‐fixing plants based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence (available at https://doi.org/10.15156/bio/587469) and discusses plant groups with conflicting reports and interpretation, such as certain legume clades and the Zygophyllaceae family. During angiosperm evolution, N‐fixing plants became common in the fabid rather than in the ‘nitrogen‐fixing’ clade. The global GBIF plant species distribution data indicated that N‐fixing plants tend to be relatively more diverse in savanna and semi‐desert biomes. The compiled and re‐interpreted information about N‐fixing plants enables accurate analyses of biogeography and community ecology of biological N fixation.
Does genomic variation in a foundation species predict arthropod community structure in a riparian forest?
Authors: Kagiya Shinnosuke , Yasugi Masaki , Kudoh Hiroshi , Nagano Atsushi J. , Utsumi Shunsuke 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnderstanding how genetic variation within a foundation species determines the structure of associated communities and ecosystem processes has been an emerging frontier in ecology. Previous studies in common gardens identified close links between intraspecific variation and multispecies community structure, and these findings are now being evaluated directly in the complex natural ecosystem. In this study, we examined to what extent genomic variation in a foundation tree species explains the structure of associated arthropod communities in the field, comparing with spatial, temporal and environmental factors. In a continuous mixed forest, arthropods were surveyed on 85 mature alders (Alnus hirsuta) in 2 years. Moreover, we estimated Nei's genetic distance among the alders based on 1,077 single nucleotide polymorphisms obtained from restricted‐site‐associated DNA sequencing of the alders’ genome. In both years, we detected significant correlations between genetic distance and dissimilarity of arthropod communities. A generalized dissimilarity modelling indicated that the genetic distance of alder populations was the most important predictor to explain the variance of arthropod communities. Among arthropod functional groups, carnivores were consistently correlated with genetic distance of the foundation species in both years. Furthermore, the extent of year‐to‐year changes in arthropod communities was more similar between more genetically closed alder populations. This study demonstrates that the genetic similarity rule would be primarily prominent in community assembly of plant‐associated arthropods under temporally and spatially variable environments in the field.
The Multimode Resource‐Constrained Project Scheduling Problem for Repetitive Activities in Construction Projects
Authors: García‐Nieves J. D. , Ponz‐Tienda J. L. , Salcedo‐Bernal A. , Pellicer E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn construction projects, resource availability might limit the implementation of ideal schedules. Especially, when repetitive activities are involved, traditional resource‐constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) models fail to allocate the resource consumption in an efficient manner. Besides, actual models only provide local optimal solutions and do not incorporate activity acceleration routines. To fulfill this gap, partially, a mathematical optimization model, the multimode RCPSP for repetitive activities in construction projects, is proposed and solved to optimality; it takes into account acceleration routines under real construction scenarios using spreadsheets. The article shows a complete computational experimentation over a real construction project, considering several scenarios of resource availabilities and continuity conditions. The model allows analyzing the resources efficiency indexes comparing them to resource consumptions, continuity of activities, and objective functions that reveal that fragmented activities do not provide better resource efficiency outcomes.
Bt rice could provide ecological resistance against nontarget planthoppers
Authors: Wang Xingyun , Liu Qingsong , Meissle Michael , Peng Yufa , Wu Kongming , Romeis Jörg , Li Yunhe 
Published: March 2018

SummaryGenetically engineered (GE) rice lines expressing Lepidoptera‐active insecticidal cry genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been developed in China. Field surveys indicated that Bt rice harbours fewer rice planthoppers than non‐Bt rice although planthoppers are not sensitive to the produced Bt Cry proteins. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unknown. Here, we show that the low numbers of planthoppers on Bt rice are associated with reduced caterpillar damage. In laboratory and field‐cage experiments, the rice planthopper Nilapavata lugens had no feeding preference for undamaged Bt or non‐Bt plants but exhibited a strong preference for caterpillar‐damaged plants whether Bt or non‐Bt. Under open‐field conditions, rice planthoppers were more abundant on caterpillar‐damaged non‐Bt rice than on neighbouring healthy Bt rice. GC–MS analyses showed that caterpillar damage induced the release of rice plant volatiles known to be attractive to planthoppers, and metabolome analyses revealed increased amino acid contents and reduced sterol contents known to benefit planthopper development. That Lepidoptera‐resistant Bt rice is less attractive to this important nontarget pest in the field is therefore a first example of ecological resistance of Bt plants to nontarget pests. Our findings suggest that non‐Bt rice refuges established for delaying the development of Bt resistance may also act as a trap crop for N. lugens and possibly other planthoppers.
Characterization of the hypersensitive response‐like cell death phenomenon induced by targeting antiviral lectin griffithsin to the secretory pathway
Authors: Kim Bo Min , Lotter‐Stark Hester Catharina Therese , Rybicki Edward P. , Chikwamba Rachel K. , Palmer Kenneth E. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryGriffithsin (GRFT) is an antiviral lectin, originally derived from a red alga, which is currently being investigated as a topical microbicide to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Targeting GRFT to the apoplast for production in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in necrotic symptoms associated with a hypersensitive response (HR)‐like cell death, accompanied by H2O2 generation and increased PR1 expression. Mannose‐binding lectins surfactant protein D (SP‐D), cyanovirin‐N (CV‐N) and human mannose‐binding lectin (hMBL) also induce salicylic acid (SA)‐dependent HR‐like cell death in N. benthamiana, and this effect is mediated by the lectin's glycan binding activity. We found that secreted GRFT interacts with an endogenous glycoprotein, α‐xylosidase (XYL1), which is involved in cell wall organization. The necrotic effect could be mitigated by overexpression of Arabidopsis XYL1, and by co‐expression of SA‐degrading enzyme NahG, providing strategies for enhancing expression of oligomannose‐binding lectins in plants.