bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the accessory parotid gland presenting as a simple cheek mass
Authors: Hwang Jae Ha , Kim Dong Wan , Kim Kwang Seog , Lee Sam Yong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, also known as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, usually occurs in the gastric mucosa, lung, lacrimal glands, and salivary glands. MALT lymphoma arising from the accessory parotid gland is extremely rare and can therefore be easily confused with other types of soft tissue masses.

Patient concerns:
A 56-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of a mass on the left cheek. The mass was hard and nontender. She had a history of thymectomy 26 years ago due to myasthenia gravis.

Diagnosis:
A soft tissue tumor measuring 2.5 × 0.8 cm was identified in the left accessory parotid gland on ultrasonography and enhanced computed tomography (CT). Additionally, CT revealed enlargement of both lacrimal glands and an enhancing mass in the right retropharyngeal space. Under suspicion of a malignant soft tissue tumor, ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed, with findings suggestive of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the accessory parotid gland.

Interventions:
The patient was transferred to the department of hematology for immunochemotherapy.

Outcomes:
The patient has received 6 cycles of rituximab with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy. After 6-month follow-up, enhanced CT demonstrated complete remission. Now she is currently under periodic follow-up.

Lessons:
Physicians and surgeons should be aware that MALT lymphoma can occur in the accessory parotid gland. When this is suspected, careful history-taking, imaging workup, and biopsy are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on recovery of physical impairments, functional performance and quality of life after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Munajat Munayati , Mohd Nordin Nor Azlin , Mohamad Yahya Nor Hamdan , Zulkifly Ahmad Hafiz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
The presence of significant pain and swelling during the acute stage following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may limit the patients’ ability to cooperate in intensive physiotherapy interventions. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound is one of the modalities that can be used for acute pain and swelling management. However, only one study investigated the effect of this modality in patients with TKA. There is limited documentation of the effects of combining low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in TKA rehabilitation in the recovery of physical impairments and how these influence the recovery of function after TKA. Therefore, this study is proposed with the aim to evaluate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound as an adjunct to conventional physiotherapy on the recovery of physical impairments, functional performance and quality of life after TKA surgery.

Methods:
This is an assessor-blinded quasi-experimental study comparing two approaches of physiotherapy, namely pulsed ultrasound-added physiotherapy and conventional physiotherapy. Total number of participants with TKA required for this study will be calculated based on the result of a pilot study. Participants will be alternately allocated into either pulsed ultrasound-added physiotherapy group (low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and conventional physiotherapy) or control group (conventional physiotherapy). Pulsed ultrasound-added physiotherapy group will receive low-intensity pulsed ultrasound starting at post-operative day 2 (4–5 times for the first-week after surgery and 2–3 times a week for a further 2 weeks). Both groups will receive conventional physiotherapy 4 to 5 times for the first-week after surgery and 2 to 3 times a week for a further 11 weeks. This procedure and process will be tested and established in a pilot study. Primary outcomes of interest are pain level, swelling, active range of knee motion, and quadriceps strength. The secondary outcomes are functional performance and quality of life.

Discussion:
This study will fill the gaps in knowledge relating the benefits of including low-intensity pulsed ultrasound into conventional physiotherapy for patients with TKA.

Trial registration:
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12618001226291
Mechanisms of alloimmunization in sickle cell disease
Authors: Hudson Krystalyn E. , Fasano Ross M. , Karafin Matthew S. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Francis Richard O. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is an important treatment for some complications of sickle cell disease (SCD). On the contrary, transfusion may lead to alloimmunization to RBC antigens, with such alloantibodies putting patients at risk for acute or delayed hemolysis, and increasing the difficulty of finding compatible RBCs. Patients with SCD are more susceptible to developing RBC alloantibodies than other multiply transfused patient populations, for reasons that are not completely understood. In this review, we summarize the available data about risk factors and underlying mechanisms associated with RBC alloimmunization in SCD.

Recent findings
Although RBC antigen matching between blood donors and transfusion recipients can decrease alloimmunization, complete matching at all loci is not feasible. Patients with SCD show evidence of increased inflammation at baseline and in times of illness. Resultant changes to the innate and adaptive immune systems presumably influence the development of RBC alloantibodies as well as RBC autoantibodies.

Summary
The inflammation and immune dysregulation associated with SCD may be therapeutic targets for preventing the formation of antibodies and/or for mitigating the dangers of existing RBC alloantibodies. As long as RBC transfusion therapy remains an important treatment for SCD, the quest to improve its safety profile will continue.
Incidental Detection of Pleomorphic Sarcoma on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in a Patient With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mathew Boon , Agrawal Archi , Purandare Nilendu C. , Ramadwar Mukta , Menon Santosh , Bakshi Ganesh , Joshi Amit , Puranik Ameya , Shah Sneha , Rangarajan Venkatesh 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

68Ga prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT is used in the staging, evaluation of biochemical recurrence, and response assessment of patients with prostate cancer. In addition to the PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells, Ga-PSMA binds to the neovasculaature of various other solid tumors and benign lesions. We report a case of a 72-year-old man with recently diagnosed adenocarcinoma of prostate, incidentally found to have pleomorphic sarcoma on the staging 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT.
Leveraging a Comprehensive Program to Implement a Colorectal Surgical Site Infection Reduction Bundle in a Statewide Quality Improvement Collaborative
Authors: McGee Michael F. , Kreutzer Lindsey , Quinn Christopher M. , Yang Anthony , Shan Ying , Halverson Amy L. , Love Remi , Johnson Julie K. , Prachand Vivek , Bilimoria Karl Y. 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:
Our objective was to examine the implementation and associated clinical outcomes of a comprehensive surgical site infection (SSI) reduction bundle in a large statewide surgical quality improvement collaborative leveraging a multifaceted implementation strategy.

Summary Background Data:
Bundled perioperative interventions reduce colorectal SSI rates when enacted at individual hospitals, but the ability to implement comprehensive SSI bundles and to examine the resultant clinical effectiveness within a larger, diverse population of hospitals is unknown.

Methods:
A multifaceted SSI reduction bundle was developed and implemented in a large statewide surgical quality improvement collaborative through a novel implementation program consisting of guided implementation, data feedback, mentorship, process improvement training/coaching, and targeted-implementation toolkits. Bundle adherence and ACS NSQIP outcomes were examined preimplementation versus postimplementation.

Results:
Among 32 hospitals, there was a 2.5-fold relative increase in the proportion of patients completing at least 75% of bundle elements (preimplementation = 19.5% vs. postimplementation = 49.8%, P = 0.001). Largest adherence gains were seen in wound closure re-gowning/re-gloving (24.0% vs. 62.0%, P < 0.001), use of clean closing instruments (32.1% vs. 66.2%, P = 0.003), and preoperative chlorhexidine bathing (46.1% vs. 77.6%, P < 0.001). Multivariable analyses showed a trend toward lower risk of superficial incisional SSI in the postimplementation period compared to baseline (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.49–10.2, P = 0.06). As the adherence in the number of bundle elements increased, there was a significant decrease in superficial SSI rates (lowest adherence quintile, 4.6% vs. highest, 1.5%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
A comprehensive multifaceted SSI reduction bundle can be successfully implemented throughout a large quality improvement learning collaborative when coordinated quality improvement activities are leveraged, resulting in a 30% decline in SSI rates. Lower superficial SSI rates are associated with the number of adherent bundle elements a patient receives, rendering considerable benefits to institutions capable of implementing more components of the bundle.
Comparative Efficacy of 9 Major Drugs for Postendoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lyu Yunxiao , Wang Bin , Cheng Yunxiao , Xu Yueming , Du Weibing 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is one of the most common complications after ERCP. The optimal drugs for reducing the risk of PEP are still unclear. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of 9 major drugs used worldwide for the prevention of PEP through a network meta-analysis.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic search of the literature up to October 2018 on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing allopurinol, diclofenac, gabexate (GAB), glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), indomethacin, nafamostat, octreotide, somatostatin, and ulinastatin for protection against PEP were included.

Results:
Eighty-six randomized controlled trials involving 25,246 patients were included in this network meta-analysis. Results indicated that diclofenac, GAB, GTN, indomethacin, somatostatin, and ulinastatin were more effective than placebo with odds ratios ranging between 0.48 (95% credible interval, 0.26-0.86) for GAB and 0.61 (0.39-0.94) for somatostatin. However, allopurinol, nafamostat, and octreotide showed similar efficacy as placebo in reducing the risk of PEP. No significant differences were found in the efficacy between diclofenac, GAB, GTN, indomethacin, somatostatin, and ulinastatin. In terms of prognosis, GAB may be the most effective treatment (surface under the cumulative ranking curve=70.6%) and the least effective was octreotide (surface under the cumulative ranking curve=28%).

Conclusions:
Although our analysis suggests that GAB may be the most effective drug in preventing PEP, the limitations of our study warrants more high-quality head-to-head trials of these clinical drugs in the future.
Isolated Optic Perineuritis as the Presenting Sign of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Micieli Jonathan A. , Streutker Catherine J. , McIntyre Kieran 
Published: September 2019

Abstract:
A 35-year-old healthy African-American woman presented with a 4-month history of gradual loss of vision in the right eye from an optic neuropathy. MRI of the orbits with gadolinium showed isolated thickening and enhancement of the right optic nerve sheath. Chest x-ray and CT-scan of the chest were performed and showed bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. This was suggestive of sarcoidosis, and the diagnosis was confirmed with histopathology. The patient promptly recovered vision with high-dose corticosteroids; the thickening of the optic nerve sheath also regressed. Isolated optic nerve sheath thickening from sarcoidosis is rare and may mimic compressive optic neuropathies such as optic nerve sheath meningiomas. A systemic evaluation for systemic inflammatory etiologies should be considered in such cases.
Wolbachiainfection in Argentinean populations ofAnastrepha fraterculus sp1: preliminary evidence of sex ratio distortion by one of two strains
Authors: Conte CA , Segura DF , Milla FH , Augustinos AA , Cladera JL , Bourtzis K , Lanzavecchia SL 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundWolbachia,one of the most abundant taxa of intracellular Alphaproteobacteria, is widespread among arthropods and filarial nematodes. The presence of these maternally inherited bacteria is associated with modifications of host fitness, including a variety of reproductive abnormalities, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, thelytokous parthenogenesis, host feminization and male-killing.Wolbachiahas attracted much interest for its role in biological, ecological and evolutionary processes as well as for its potential use in novel and environmentally-friendly strategies for the control of insect pests and disease vectors including a major agricultural pest, the South American fruit fly,Anastrepha fraterculusWiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae).ResultsWe usedwsp,16S rRNAand a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme includinggatB,coxA,hcpA,fbpA, andftsZ genes to detect and characterize theWolbachiainfection in laboratory strains and wild populations ofA. fraterculusfrom Argentina. Wolbachiawas found in allA. fraterculusindividuals studied. Nucleotide sequences analysis ofwspgene allowed the identification of twoWolbachianucleotide variants (namedwAfraCast1_A andwAfraCast2_A). After the analysis of 76 individuals, a high prevalence of thewAfraCast2_A variant was found both, in laboratory (82%) and wild populations (95%). MLST analysis identified bothWolbachiagenetic variants as sequence type 13. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated MLST datasets clusteredwAfraCast1/2_A in the supergroup A. Paired-crossing experiments among single infected laboratory strains showed a phenotype specifically associated towAfraCast1_A that includes slight detrimental effects on larval survival, a female-biased sex ratio; suggesting the induction of male-killing phenomena, and a decreased proportion of females producing descendants that appears attributable to the lack of sperm in their spermathecae.ConclusionsWe detected and characterized at the molecular level twowspgene sequence variants ofWolbachiaboth in laboratory and wild populations ofA. fraterculus sp.1 from Argentina. Crossing experiments on singly-infectedA. fraterculusstrains showed evidence of a male killing-like mechanism potentially associated to thewAfraCast1_A -A. fraterculusinteractions. Further mating experiments including antibiotic treatments and the analysis of early and late immature stages of descendants will contribute to our understanding of the phenotypes elicited by theWolbachiavariantwAfraCast1_A inA. fraterculus sp.1.
No evidence for differences in contrast of the grey-white matter boundary in Autism Spectrum Disorders: An open replication
Authors: Traut Nicolas , Fouquet Marion , Delorme Richard , Bourgeron Thomas , Beggiato Anita , Toro Roberto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe contrast of the interface between the cortical grey matter and the white matter is emerging as an important neuroimaging biomarker for several brain disorders. Differences in grey to white matter contrast could be related to abnormalities in neuronal migration or in intra-cortical myelination, and are an appealing biomarker for ASD. Two previous studies have reported differences in contrast between patients with autism spectrum disorder and non-autistic controls.We aimed at replicating this finding using open data from the ABIDE initiative, phases 1 and 2, gathering data from 2,148 subjects from 26 different centres and on 764 individuals from the EU-AIMS project (6 different centres). We used multiple linear regression to study the effect of the diagnosis of ASD on contrast, and 3 different strategies for controlling for multiple comparisons. We did not find statistically significant differences in the EU-AIMS dataset, and those that we found in the ABIDE dataset were due to a single centre. All the code necessary to replicate our analyses has been made available open source:https://github.com/neuroanatomy/GWPC.
Four high-quality draft genome assemblies of the marine heterotrophic nanoflagellate Cafeteria roenbergensis
Authors: Hackl Thomas , Martin Roman , Barenhoff Karina , Duponchel Sarah , Heider Dominik , Fischer Matthias G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe heterotrophic stramenopile Cafeteria roenbergensis is a globally distributed marine bacterivorous protist. This unicellular flagellate is host to the giant DNA virus CroV and the virophage mavirus. We sequenced the genomes of four cultured C. roenbergensis strains and generated 23.53 Gb of Illumina MiSeq data (99-282 × coverage per strain) and 5.09 Gb of PacBio RSII data (13-54 × coverage). Using the Canu assembler and customized curation procedures, we obtained high-quality draft genome assemblies with a total length of 34-36 Mbp per strain and contig N50 lengths of 148 kbp to 464 kbp. The C. roenbergensis genome has a GC content of ~70%, a repeat content of ~28%, and is predicted to contain approximately 7857-8483 protein-coding genes based on a combination of de novo, homology-based and transcriptome-supported annotation. These first high-quality genome assemblies of a Bicosoecid fill an important gap in sequenced Stramenopile representatives and enable a more detailed evolutionary analysis of heterotrophic protists.
Temporal scaling in developmental gene networks by epigenetic timing control
Authors: Nguyen Phuc H.B. , Pease Nicholas A. , Ng Kenneth K.H. , Irwin Blythe , Kueh Hao Yuan 
Published: September 2019

SummaryDuring development, progenitors follow defined temporal schedules for differentiation, to form organs and body plans with precise sizes and proportions. Across diverse contexts, these developmental schedules are encoded by autonomous timekeeping mechanisms in single cells. These autonomous timers not only operate robustly over many cell generations, but can also operate at different speeds in different species, enabling proportional scaling of temporal schedules and population sizes. By combining mathematical modeling with live-cell measurements, we elucidate the mechanism of a polycomb-based epigenetic timer, that delays activation of the T-cell commitment regulatorBcl11bto facilitate progenitor expansion. This mechanism generates activation delays that are independent of cell cycle duration, and are tunably controlled by transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers. When incorporated into regulatory gene networks, this epigenetic timer enables progenitors to set scalable temporal schedules for flexible size control. These findings illuminate how evolution may set and adjust developmental speed in multicellular organisms.
Brain functional connectivity modulates social bonding in monogamous voles
Authors: López-Gutiérrez M. Fernanda , Gracia-Tabuenca Zeus , Ortiz Juan J. , Camacho Francisco J. , Young Larry J. , Paredes Raúl G. , Diaz Nestor F. , Portillo Wendy , Alcauter Sarael 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have related pair bonding in Microtus ochrogaster, the prairie vole, with plastic changes in several brain regions. However, their socially-relevant interactions have yet to be described. In this study, we used resting state magnetic resonance imaging to explore longitudinal changes in functional connectivity of brain regions associated with pair bonding. Male and female prairie voles were scanned at baseline, after 24 hours and two weeks of cohabitation with mating. Network based statistics revealed a common network with significant longitudinal changes including prefrontal and cortical regions, the hippocampus, the anterior olfactory nucleus, the lateral septum, the paraventricular nucleus, and the ventral tegmental area.Furthermore, baseline functional connectivity of three sub-networks predicted the onset of affiliative behavior, and a relationship was found between partner preference with long-term changes in the functional connectivity between the medial amygdala and ventral pallidum. Overall, our findings revealed the association between network-level changes and social bonding.
Population-level sensitivity to landscape variables reflects individual-based habitat selection in a woodland bat species
Authors: Jan Pierre-Loup , Zarzoso-Lacoste Diane , Fourcy Damien , Baudouin Alice , Farcy Olivier , Boireau Josselin , Le Gouar Pascaline , Puechmaille Sébastien J. , Petit Eric J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between habitat quality and population dynamics is fundamental for long-term management and range predictions in ecology. However, habitat quality is generally only investigated at the individual scale, as it is the case for the lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros), a species of conservation concern. Using a statistical modelling approach and census data of 94 lesser horseshoe bat colonies located in Brittany (France), we analysed the effect of landscape composition and configuration on the demographic components of surveyed maternity colonies (i.e. colony size, fecundity and growth rate), and compared our result to those provided by individual-based studies. Our results validated that the landscape in a 500-meter buffer around colonies (core foraging area) is crucial for population size and dynamics, and confirmed the positive influence of broadleaved woodland proportion on bat colony size. We revealed a positive effect of lakeshores and riverbanks on colony size and growth rate, underlying the importance of these habitats for the long-term conservation of this non-migratory forest species. Importantly, our results refine previous knowledge concerning the threat posed by the intensification of human activities (e.g. urbanization, agriculture, habitat fragmentation), and highlight the negative effect of large and regular patches of artificial and crop lands and of open land patches shape complexity on all demographic variables investigated. While our results support the dependence of population dynamics and associated conservation management to individual behaviour and sensitivity, environmental responses differed between the population metrics investigated, showing that efficient range prediction will require to fully grasp the complexity of the interaction between landscape and the different population dynamic parameters.