bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of lower complete denture use on masseter muscles and masticatory function: A longitudinal study
Authors: Carletti Talita Malini , Pinheiro Mayara Abreu , Gonçalves Thais Marques Simek Vega , Rodrigues Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundEdentulism can reduce mastication, leading to changes in food pattern, with possible consequences to masticatory muscle thickness.ObjectivesThis study verified masticatory function and oral perception in subjects who did not use lower CDs, and whether the insertion of new upper and lower CDs would improve such variables.MethodsFifteen edentulous elderly who wore only the upper CD were selected and received new upper and lower CD. Volunteers were evaluated at baseline and after 1, 3 and 6 months of new prosthesis use. Masticatory performance (MP) was assessed by the sieving method (X50 values). Masseter thickness (MT) was evaluated by ultrasonography. Oral sensorial ability (OSA) was assessed by oral stereognosis test and maximum tongue pressure (MTP) was verified by pressure sensors. Data were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey‐Kramer posthoc tests (α = 0.05). Correlation between OSA and MTP was verified by Person's correlation.ResultsX50 and MTP decreased (P < 0.05) after 1 month and remained stable (P > 0.05) for next assessments. After 3 months, MT in rest position was increased (P < 0.05), while during maximum voluntary contraction 1 month was enough to increase MT (P < 0.05). There were no differences for OSA (P > 0.05) and no correlation between OSA and MTP.ConclusionMasticatory performance and masseter thickness of elderly who did not use the lower dentures were improved after 2 months using new upper and lower CDs. However, new CDs in both dental arch decreased MTP. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC #RBR‐37gdst).
Effectiveness of mobilisation of the upper cervical region and craniocervical flexor training on orofacial pain, mandibular function and headache in women withTMD. A randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Calixtre Letícia B. , Oliveira Ana Beatriz , de Sena Rosa Lianna Ramalho , Armijo‐Olivo Susan , Visscher Corine M. , Alburquerque‐Sendín Francisco 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundStudies exploring interventions targeting the cervical spine to improve symptoms in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are limited.ObjectivesTo determine whether mobilisation of the upper cervical region and craniocervical flexor training decreased orofacial pain, increased mandibular function and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of the masticatory muscles and decreased headache impact in women withTMDwhen compared to no intervention.MethodsIn a single‐blind randomised controlled trial, 61 women withTMDwere randomised into an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). TheIGreceived upper cervical mobilisations and neck motor control and stabilisation exercises for 5 weeks. TheCGreceived no treatment. Outcomes were collected by a blind rater at baseline and 5‐week follow‐up. Orofacial pain intensity was collected once a week. A mixedANOVAand Cohen'sdwere used to determine differences within/between groups and effect sizes.ResultsPain intensity showed significant time‐by‐group interaction (P < 0.05), with significant between‐group differences at four and five weeks (P < 0.05), with large effect sizes (d > 0.8). The decrease in orofacial pain over time was clinically relevant only in theIG. Change in headache impact was significantly different between groups, and theIGshowed a clinically relevant decrease after the treatment. No effects were found forPPTor mandibular function.ConclusionWomen withTMDreported a significant decrease in orofacial pain and headache impact after 5 weeks of treatment aimed at the upper cervical spine compared to a CG.
Chemical profile, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties of two Scutellaria species: S. orientalis L. and S. salviifolia Benth
Authors: Zengin Gokhan , Llorent-Martínez Eulogio J , Molina-García Lucía , Fernández-de Córdova María Luisa , Aktumsek Abdurrahman , Uysal Sengul , Rengasamy Kannan R R , Aumeeruddy Muhammad Zakariyyah , Bahadori Mir Babak , Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigates into the biological effects of solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of Scutellaria orientalis L. and Scutellaria salviifolia Benth. based on its enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidant ability together with the screening of bioactive compounds.

Methods
Total and individual bioactive components were determined using spectrophotometric and HPLC-ESI-MS methods. Six antioxidant assays were conducted and enzyme inhibition was tested against key enzymes linked to the pathology of common chronic disorders.

Key findings
Results revealed that the aqueous extracts of both plants exerted better 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The methanol extracts showed highest tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant activity in phosphomolybdenum assay while the less polar ethyl acetate extracts showed better acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and α-amylase inhibition. Phytochemical evaluation by HPLC-ESI-MS revealed the presence of high amounts of flavones.

Conclusions
Scutellaria orientalis and S. salviifolia are important sources of bioactive agents that warrants further studies.
Comparative evaluation of a novel, moderately hypofractionated radiation protocol in 56 dogs with symptomatic intracranial neoplasia
Authors: Schwarz Philip , Meier Valeria , Soukup Alena , Drees Randi , Besserer Jürgen , Beckmann Katrin , Roos Malgorzata , Rohrer Bley Carla 
Published: October 2018

Background:Use of strongly hypofractionated radiation treatments in dogs with intracranial neoplasia did not improve outcomes and yielded increased rates of toxicosis.Objectives: To evaluate safety and efficacy of a new, moderately hypofractionated radiation protocol of 10 × 4 Gy compared to a standard protocol.Animals:Convenience sample of 56 client‐owned dogs with primary symptomatic brain tumors.Methods:Retrospective observational study. Twenty‐six dogs were assigned to the control standard protocol of 20 × 2.5 Gy (group A) and 30 dogs to the new protocol of 10 × 4 Gy (group B), assigned on owners' informed consent. Statistical analysis was conducted under the “as treated” regime, using Kaplan‐Meier and Cox‐regression analysis. Treatment was delivered with technically advanced image‐guided radiation therapy. The 2 treatment groups were compared in terms of outcome and signs of toxicosis.Results:Overall progression‐free interval (PFI) and overall survival (OS) time were favorable, with 663 (95%CI: 497;828) and 637 (95%CI: 403;870) days, respectively. We found no significant difference between the two groups: PFI for dogs in group A vs B was 608 (95%CI: 437;779) days and mean (median not reached) 863 (95%CI: 644;1083) days, respectively (P = .89), and OS for dogs in group A vs B 610 (95%CI: 404;816) and mean (median not reached) 796 (95%CI: 586;1007) days (P = .83).Conclusion and Clinical Importance: In conclusion, 10 × 4 Gy is a safe and efficient protocol for treatment of primary intracranial neoplasia and future dose escalation can be considered.
Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) following intravenous and intramuscular administration at two dosages
Authors: Mapongpeng Roipim , Laovechprasit Weerapong , Poapolathep Amnart , Giorgi Mario , Junchompoo Chalatip , Sakulthaew Chainarong , Jermnak Usuma , Passadurak Wanida , Poapolathep Saranya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGreen sea turtles are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters. Adult green sea turtles face many threats, primarily from humans, including injuries from boat propellers, being caught in fishing nets, pollution, poaching, and infectious diseases. To the best of our knowledge, limited pharmacokinetic information to establish suitable therapeutic plans is available for green sea turtles. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ceftriaxone (CEF) in green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, following single intravenous and intramuscular administrations at two dosages of 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 96 hr. The plasma concentrations of CEF were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The concentrations of CEF in the plasma were quantified up to 24 and 48 hr after i.v. and i.m. administrations at dosages of 10 and 25 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The Cmax values of CEF were 15.43 ± 3.71 μg/ml and 43.48 ± 4.29 μg/ml at dosages of 10 and 25 mg/kg, respectively. The AUClast values increased in a dose‐dependent fashion. The half‐life values were 2.89 ± 0.41 hr and 5.96 ± 0.26 hr at dosages of 10 and 25 mg/kg b.w, respectively. The absolute i.m. bioavailability was 67% and 108%, and the binding percentage of CEF to plasma protein was ranged from 20% to 29% with an average of 24.6%. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, susceptibility break‐point and PK‐PD index (T > MIC, 0.2 μg/ml), i.m. administration of CEF at a dosage of 10 mg/kg b.w. might be appropriate for initiating treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in green sea turtles.
The Monetary Policy of the ECB: Caring for the Weakest Links
Authors: Drometer Marcus , Siemsen Thomas , Watzka Sebastian 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates the extent to which national economic conditions matter in the ECB's decision process. We employ various decision models to aggregate counterfactual national interest rates based on Taylor rule estimates and test which of the resulting interest paths fits best to the actual monetary policy in the euro area. As a novel feature, we introduce decision models where countries that fare economically worse than the euro area average obtain a higher weight in the decision process. Our results suggest that these models explain actual ECB policy better than GDP‐based bargaining models that have been highlighted in the previous literature. Thus, the ECB seems to have emphasized the needs of countries that face an economic crisis disproportionately highly even before the advent of the financial crisis.
The short‐time behavior of VIX‐implied volatilities in a multifactor stochastic volatility framework
Authors: Barletta Andrea , Nicolato Elisa , Pagliarani Stefano 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe consider a modeling setup where the volatility index (VIX) dynamics are explicitly computable as a smooth transformation of a purely diffusive, multidimensional Markov process. The framework is general enough to embed many popular stochastic volatility models. We develop closed‐form expansions and sharp error bounds for VIX futures, options, and implied volatilities. In particular, we derive exact asymptotic results for VIX‐implied volatilities, and their sensitivities, in the joint limit of short time‐to‐maturity and small log‐moneyness. The expansions obtained are explicit based on elementary functions and they neatly uncover how the VIX skew depends on the specific choice of the volatility and the vol‐of‐vol processes. Our results are based on perturbation techniques applied to the infinitesimal generator of the underlying process. This methodology has previously been adopted to derive approximations of equity (SPX) options. However, the generalizations needed to cover the case of VIX options are by no means straightforward as the dynamics of the underlying VIX futures are not explicitly known. To illustrate the accuracy of our technique, we provide numerical implementations for a selection of model specifications.
Signatures of genetic adaptation to extremely varied Australian environments in introduced European house sparrows
Authors: Andrew Samuel C. , Jensen Henrik , Hagen Ingerid J. , Lundregan Sarah , Griffith Simon C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDue to its history of multiple introductions to novel environments worldwide, the house sparrow has been used as a model species to study local adaption in invasive avian species. New genomic resources such as a custom 200K SNP array and a house sparrow reference genome provide great prospects for studying rapid local adaptation in this invasive species. Here, we analyse high‐density genomewide genetic data collected across an extensive range of temperate, arid and tropical climates, in Australian populations that were introduced from Europe 150 years ago. We used two population differentiation (PD) and two ecological association (EA) methods to identify putative loci subject to selection across these varied climates. A majority of the outlier SNPs were identified through the use of the latent factor mixed models (LFMM) EA method, but the BayeScEnv EA method had the strongest overlap with the outliers from the two PD methods. Out of all the 971 outliers identified across the different methods, 38.3% were physically linked (within 20 kbps) to 575 known protein‐coding regions in the house sparrow reference genome. Interestingly, some outlier genes had been previously identified in genome scan studies of broadly distributed species or had strong links to traits that are expected to be important to local adaptation, for example, heat‐shock proteins, immune response and HOX genes. However, many outliers still have unknown relevance and some outliers can be false positives. Our results identify an opportunity to use the house sparrow model to further study local adaptation in an invasive species.
Time and Tradition as Reflected in the Etz Hayim Torah Commentary
Authors: Meirovich Harvey 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAt the beginning of the twenty‐first century, the Conservative Movement in North America published a Torah commentary reflecting its historical and theological elucidation of Judaism. This commentary, Etz Hayim, evinces a number of features that the following essay subjects to critical comment and analysis. These include: the commentary’s emphasis on historical context as critical to deciphering the Torah narratives and its laws; the presupposition that Judaism functions as an organism constantly in flux, open to patterns of progress and decline, with an aptitude for rebirth and self‐renewal; and that the pivotal rubrics of belonging, believing, and behaving are quintessential features of Jewish identity. While these characteristics are relatively uncontroversial, the same cannot be said for the editorial decision to divide, on the same page, the commentary’s 'historical' and 'homiletical' segments – a feature which effectively drives underground the option to integrate spiritual values and lessons using the tools of modern critical scholarship. Another unfortunate feature of Etz Hayim is that its two essays on Jewish law (Halakha) offer contrasting, competitive interpretations of how the halakhic process actually works in the minds of Conservative decisors. Yet these alternate approaches are not sufficiently delineated for the lay reader. Finally, while Etz Hayim does highlight value concepts that function as goads to ritual observance, the various contributors to the commentary and to the appended essays never fully engage why Conservative Jews ought to become serious practitioners of Jewish tradition. These shortcomings notwithstanding, Etz Hayim does offer a template of hope and expectation: through its historical‐religious experiences, the Jewish people facilitates an ethical worldview of particular, and of universal, merit.
Whirly1 enhances tolerance to chilling stress in tomato via protection of photosystem II and regulation of starch degradation
Authors: Zhuang Kunyang , Kong Fanying , Zhang Song , Meng Chen , Yang Minmin , Liu Zhuangbin , Wang Yong , Ma Nana , Meng Qingwei 
Published: October 2018

Summary

In plants, the chilling response involves decreased photosynthetic capacity and increased starch accumulation in chloroplasts. However, the mechanisms that modulate these processes remain unclear.

We found that the SlWHY1 gene is significantly induced by chilling stress (4°C) in tomato. Three SlWHY1 overexpression (OE) lines grew better than the wild type (WT) under chilling stress; the OE plants retained intact photosynthetic grana lamellae and showed enhanced hydrolysis of starch. By contrast, RNAi lines that inhibited SlWHY1 were more affected than the corresponding WT cultivar. Their grana lamellae were damaged and starch content increased.

The psbA gene encodes the key photosystem II (PSII) protein D1. We show that SlWHY1 binds to the upstream region (A/GTTACCCT/A) of SlpsbA and enhances the de novo synthesis of D1 in chloroplasts. Additionally, SlWHY1 regulates the expression of the starch‐degrading enzyme α‐amylase (SlAMY3‐L) and the starch synthesis‐related enzyme isoamylase gene (SlISA2) in the nucleus, thus modulating the starch content in chloroplasts.

We demonstrate that SlWHY1 enhances the resistance of tomato to chilling stress by maintaining the function of PSII and degrading starch. Thus, overexpression of WHY1 may be an effective strategy for enhancing resistance to chilling stress of chilling‐sensitive crops in agricultural production.
Neighbourhood social capital and obesity: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Carrillo‐Álvarez E. , Kawachi I. , Riera‐Romaní J. 
Published: October 2018

SummarySocial capital, defined as the resources accessed by individuals and groups through social connections, has been posited to be a social determinant of obesity. However, empirical evidence for this association has been inconsistent – namely, some studies have found a protective association while others have reported no correlation. We sought to conduct a systematic review on the relation between neighbourhood social capital and obesity, considering potential differences on the results based on the measures used and the covariates and mediators included in the studies. PRISMA statement guidelines were followed. Our results indicate that an association between neighbourhood social capital and obesity exists, but that it depends on the measures and covariates used in the study design. Understanding the role of social capital in the development and/or maintenance of obesity will require the use of strong methodological designs and a thorough conceptualization of how this relationship may arise.
Gasoline consumption in Saudi Arabia: an analysis of consumer attitudes and perceptions using microsurvey data
Authors: Al‐Sahlawi Mohammad , Miah Fazlul , Al‐Titi Omar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe study analyses gasoline consumption behaviour by ordinary consumers in Saudi Arabia using household‐level disaggregated survey data. We applied parametric methods to test 10 hypotheses related to gasoline consumption. To collect the data, we surveyed 1862 households across 13 regions of the country. The empirical results show that gasoline consumption is significantly affected by age, nationality, education, employment characteristics, household size, vehicle engine size, gasoline price, household location and consumers’ concern about future price change, but it is not affected by income. We also find that consumption varies among different groups within each factor and that many differences are statistically significant. The importance and contribution of this study stem from the fact that there is no research on gasoline demand using household‐level disaggregated survey data in Saudi Arabia, and thus our results should be useful to policymakers. Our study is particularly timely considering that the government is trying to move away from subsidy in the oil sector.
Dermatologic findings of vitamin B12 deficiency in infants
Authors: Kaur Sukhjot , Goraya Jatinder Singh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesVitamin B12 deficiency in infants is uncommonly reported from developed countries and generally lacks dermatologic manifestations. On the contrary, infantile vitamin B12 deficiency is common in India and cutaneous manifestations are a constant feature, although often overshadowed by neurologic and hematological manifestations. The aim of this study was to describe the skin changes of vitamin B12 deficiency in infants.Materials and MethodsA retrospective chart review of vitamin B12 deficient infants for clinical and laboratory parameters was performed and data analyzed.ResultsForty‐three infants, 30 boys and 13 girls, aged 4 to 27 months, with vitamin B12 deficiency were identified. Skin hyperpigmentation was present in 41 infants; it was localized to the dorsa of hands and feet in 26. Fifteen infants had generalized hyperpigmentation; 10 had a reticulate pattern, and 5 had a homogeneous pattern. Brown and sparse scalp hair were present in all. Glossitis was seen in 5 infants and cheilitis in 3. Of the 32 infants who underwent laboratory investigations, 28 had anemia and 21 macrocytosis. Serum vitamin B12 was measured in 30 infants; it was low in 19. Of the 11 with normal serum vitamin B12, 9 had received vitamin B12 before referral but had macrocytosis and low maternal serum vitamin B12. The infants were treated with vitamin B12. Skin pigmentation and mucosal changes resolved completely by 3‐4 weeks, but hair changes were slower to reverse.ConclusionCutaneous findings are a common feature of vitamin B12 deficiency in Indian infants and resolve with treatment.
Sedentary time, physical activity, and sleep quality in fibromyalgia: The al‐Ándalus project
Authors: Borges‐Cosic Milkana , Aparicio Virginia A. , Estévez‐López Fernando , Soriano‐Maldonado Alberto , Acosta‐Manzano Pedro , Gavilán‐Carrera Blanca , Delgado‐Fernández Manuel , Geenen Rinie , Segura‐Jiménez Víctor 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo get insight into the potential significance of objectively measured sedentary time (ST), and physical activity (PA) intensity levels on sleep quality (SQ) in women with fibromyalgia; and to assess whether those who meet moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) recommendations have better SQ than their counterparts.MethodsFour‐hundred and nine women with fibromyalgia (age range 30‐65 years old) from Andalusia (southern Spain) were included in this cross‐sectional study. Sedentary time, PA intensity levels (light, moderate, and MVPA), and total PA were assessed with accelerometers during seven consecutive days. Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index self‐report questionnaire.ResultsHigher ST was associated with worse subjective SQ, sleep duration, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and SQ global score (all, P < 0.05). All PA levels were associated with better subjective SQ and sleep latency and with less sleep medication and daytime dysfunction (all, P < 0.05). In addition, light and total PA were associated with better sleep efficiency, SQ global score, and less sleep disturbances (all, P < 0.05). Finally, women meeting bouted PA recommendations displayed better SQ than patients not meeting the recommendations (bouted or non‐bouted).ConclusionLower ST and greater PA levels are associated with better SQ in women with fibromyalgia. This result demonstrates that those patients with fibromyalgia who reduce periods of inactivity and perform PA could be better sleepers, which might contribute to a lower severity of the disease. It is noteworthy that meeting bouted PA recommendations is associated with better SQ.