bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase in slow-wave vasomotion by hypoxia and ischemia in lowlanders and highlanders
Authors: Salvi Paolo , Faini Andrea , Castiglioni Paolo , Brunacci Fausto , Montaguti Luca , Severi Francesca , Gautier Sylvie , Pretolani Enzo , Benetos Athanase , Parati Gianfranco 
Published: June 2018

The physiological relevance of slow-wave vasomotion is still unclear, even though it has been hypothesized that it could be a compensatory mechanism for enhancing tissue oxygenation in conditions of reduced oxygen supply. The aim of our study was to explore the effects of hypoxia and ischemia on slow-wave vasomotion in microcirculation. Peripheral oxygen saturation and forearm microcirculation flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry) were recorded at baseline and during postocclusive reactive hyperemia in the Himalaya region from 8 European lowlanders (6 men; aged 29–39 yr) at 1,350, 3,400, and 5,050 m and from 10 Nepalese male highlanders (aged 21–39 yr) at 3,400 and 5,050 m of altitude. The same measurements were also performed at sea level in 16 healthy volunteers (aged 23–61 yr) during a short-term exposure to normobaric hypoxia. In lowlanders, exposure to progressively higher altitude under baseline flow conditions progressively increased 0.06–0.15 Hz vasomotion amplitude [power spectral density % was expressed as geometric means (geometric standard deviation) = 14.0 (3.6) at 1,350 m; 87.0(2.3) at 3,400 m and 249.8 (3.6) at 5,050 m; P = 0.006 and P < 0.001 vs. 1,350 m, respectively]. In highlanders, low frequency vasomotion amplitude was similarly enhanced at different altitudes [power spectral density % = 183.4 (4.1) at 3,400 m vs. 236.0 (3.0) at 5,050 m; P = 0.139]. In both groups at altitude, it was further increased after ischemic stimulus ( P < 0.001). At baseline, acute short lasting normobaric hypoxia did not induce low frequency vasomotion, which was conversely induced by ischemia, even under normal oxygenation and barometric pressure. This study offers the demonstration of a significant increase in slow-wave vasomotion under prolonged hypobaric-hypoxia exposure at high altitude, with a further enhancement after ischemia induction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study offers the demonstration in humans of the occurrence of enhanced slow-wave vasomotion in microcirculation induced by exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, ischemia, and their combination. This phenomenon, where vasomotion can be hypothesized to behave as a “peripheral heart,” may represent a compensating adaptive change aimed at improving peripheral flow and tissue oxygenation in conditions of reduced oxygen supply, such as altitude-induced hypobaric hypoxia and postocclusion ischemia.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children with Rare Skeletal Disorders: A Survey of Clinical Records
Authors: Zaffanello Marco , Piacentini Giorgio , Sacchetto Luca , Pietrobelli Angelo , Gasperi Emma , Barillari Marco , Cardobi Nicolò , Nosetti Luana , Ramaroli Diego , Antoniazzi Franco 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Craniofacial disharmony in skeletal diseases is strongly associated with sleep-disordered breathing. This study was aimed at studying the sleep respiratory patterns in young children with rare skeletal disorders. <b><i>Design:</i></b> This retrospective study included children with achondroplasia (ACH), osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and Ellis van Creveld Syndrome. Our subjects underwent an in-laboratory overnight respiratory polygraph between January 2012 and April 2016. All medical records were reviewed and brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging was conducted on patients with ACH, nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx spaces. <b><i>Patients:</i></b> Twenty-four children were enrolled, 13 with ACH, 2 with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, 1 with odontochondrodysplasia, 6 with OI and 2 with Ellis van Creveld Syndrome. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Children with ACH, who had adenotonsillectomy, showed fewer sleep respiratory involvement than untreated children. Among 13 patients with ACH, brain magnetic resonance imaging was available in 10 subjects and significant negative correlation was found between sleep respiratory patterns, nasopharynx and oropharynx space (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). In 2 patients with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, mild-to-moderate sleep respiratory involvement was found. Both subjects had a history of adenotonsillectomy. Mild sleep respiratory involvement was also observed in 4 out of 6 patients with OI. One patient with Ellis van Creveld syndrome had mild sleep respiratory disturbance. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Sleep respiratory disturbances were detected in children with ACH, and with less severity also in OI and Ellis van Creveld syndrome. Adenotonsillectomy was successful in ACH in reducing symptoms. In light of our findings, multicenter studies are needed to obtain further information on these rare skeletal diseases.
Inorganic Polyphosphate Amplifies High Mobility Group Box 1–Mediated Von Willebrand Factor Release and Platelet String Formation on Endothelial Cells
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Panicker Sumith R. , Cai Xiaofeng , Mehta-D’souza Padmaja , Rezaie Alireza R. 
Published: June 2018

Objective—
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is known to modulate coagulation, inflammation, and metabolic pathways. It also amplifies inflammatory responses of HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) in endothelial cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of polyP on von Willebrand factor (VWF) release from endothelial cells with or without HMGB1.

Approach and Results—

EA.hy926 endothelial cells were treated with different concentrations of polyP
70
alone or in combination with different concentrations of HMGB1. VWF release was measured by an ELISA assay in the absence or presence of pharmacological inhibitors of the receptor for advanced glycation end products, P2Y
1
, and Ca
2+
. A flow chamber assay was used to monitor polyP
70
-mediated platelet recruitment and VWF-platelet string formation. PolyP
70
and HMGB1 induced VWF release from endothelial cells by a concentration-dependent manner. PolyP
70
amplified HMGB1-mediated VWF release from endothelial cells. This was also true if boiled platelet releasate was used as the source of polyP. Gene silencing or pharmacological inhibitors of receptor for advanced glycation end products, P2Y
1
, and Ca
2+
significantly inhibited VWF release. PolyP
70
and HMGB1 synergistically promoted VWF-platelet string formation in the flow chamber assay, which was inhibited by the anti-GPIbα (glycoprotein Ib alpha) antibody. VWF release by polyP
70
-HMGB1 complex required phosphorylation of Src and phospholipase C because inhibitors of Src, phospholipase C, and Ca
2+
signaling significantly decreased VWF secretion. The polyP
70
-HMGB1 complex also increased angiopoietin-2 release, indicating that Weibel-Palade body exocytosis is involved in the VWF release.

Conclusions—

PolyP
70
can promote thrombotic and inflammatory pathways by inducing VWF release and platelet string formation on endothelial cells.
Reading Camus Carefully?
Authors: Birchall Ian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMichel Onfray’sL’Ordre libertaireis a passionate defence of Camus as a philosopher, and an attempt to co-opt him as a representative of Onfray’s own Nietzschean, hedonistic, libertarian, atheist beliefs. But the account is far from successful. Onfray’s presentation is highly repetitive, and though he promises us a ‘careful reading’, in fact his work contains many errors and misrepresentations. His vituperative attacks on Marxism in general, and on Sartre in particular, are often based on serious inaccuracies. His attempt to defend Camusen blocmakes him frequently insensitive to the complexities and contradictions of Camus’s thought, and in particular of his political stance. The treatment of Camus’s views on the Algerian War in particular, and the role of violence in history in general, is equally unsatisfactory.
Mega-FTAs in the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: Lukács Eszter , Völgyi Katalin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The emerging wave of mega-FTAs during the global economic crisis era has so far attracted considerable academic attention. This paper primarily investigates two of the mega-FTAs, namely TPP and RCEP, from the perspective of Japan. It focuses on Japan’s role and interests in the launch of mega-FTAs and how Japan tries to keep them on track, with protectionism on the rise worldwide (particularly on the US side).
Health-Seeking Nomads and Faith-Healing in a Medically Pluralistic Context in Mbeya, Tanzania
Authors: Gammelin Lotta 
Published: June 2018

Abstract1The popularity of faith-healing in sub-Saharan Africa has been widely acknowledged in research, but mostly treated as a phenomenon apart, instead of being viewed in relation to other modes of healing. In this article I focus on the reasons why believers choose faith-healing in a medically pluralistic situation and how they see other healing options available in a locally founded Charismatic church community, the Gospel Miracle Church for All People (GMCL), in the Southern Tanzanian city of Mbeya. I propose that, in order to see the medically pluralistic context in Tanzania through the journeys of health-seeking nomads, the focus must lie on two intertwined aspects of faith-healing: first, it is inevitably based on the need to be healed and speaks of a failure of biomedicine to explain illness and provide healing; and second, the long journeys that are made in search of healing mean traversing boundaries and switching between parallel healing systems: biomedicine, traditional healing, and faith-healing. While health seeking nomads are in many ways in a vulnerable position, I suggest that their ability to move from one healing option to another speaks of agency: not in the sense of full control over their life situations but, rather, as a way of coming to terms with their illness.
Dexmedetomidine attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in neonatal rats by inhibiting TLR4 signaling
Authors: Cheng Jiangxia , Zhu Pengfei , Qin Han , Li Xia , Yu Hai , Yu Hui , Peng Xiaohong 
Published: June 2018

Objective The sedative dexmedetomidine plays a role in multi-organ protection by inhibiting toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 expression in ischemia/reperfusion injury. The present study investigated whether the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine could be blocked by the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide. Methods We established a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats through bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 20 minutes followed by a 2-hour reperfusion. Rats were assigned to four groups: Sham operation, ischemia/reperfusion, ischemia/reperfusion preceded by dexmedetomidine treatment (10 µg/kg), and ischemia/reperfusion preceded by dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg) and lipopolysaccharide (500 µg/kg) treatments. Cerebral tissue injury was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and cerebral TLR4 expression was evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot. Results Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine reduced ischemia-induced morphological changes in the hippocampal CA3 region and downregulated TLR4 expression, but these neuroprotective effects were partially blocked by co-treatment with the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide. Conclusion Our results indicate that inhibition of cerebral TLR4 expression is related to the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine in this neonatal rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model.
Cultural diversity and employment growth: Moderating effect of the recent global financial crisis
Authors: Grillitsch Markus , Tavassoli Sam 
Published: June 2018

This article analyses the effect of cultural diversity on employment growth, considering the recent global financial crisis (GFC) as a moderating factor. In doing so, we developed competing hypotheses based on Blau’s theory of heterogeneity versus an alternative perspective which combines the resource-based view (RBV) with social identity theory (SIT). We empirically test such theories using a unique longitudinal dataset comprising the population of all firms in Sweden between 2003 and 2012. We find support for the latter hypothesis, that is, the relationship between cultural diversity and employment growth is inverted U-shaped, which is even more pronounced during/after the GFC. We discussed the implications of these findings for other contexts. JEL Classification: M14, M51, E24, G01
Modification of Glasgow‐Blatchford scoring with lactate in predicting the mortality of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in emergency department
Authors: Konyar Zeynep , Guneysel Ozlem , Dogan Fatma Sari , Gokdag Eren 
Published: June 2018

Background:Gastrointestinal bleeding is a commonly seen multidisciplinary clinical condition in emergency departments which has high treatment cost and mortality in company with hospital admission. Risk evaluation before endoscopy is based on clinical and laboratory findings at patient's emergency visit.Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of “Glasgow‐Blatchford scale + lactate levels” to predict the mortality of patients detected with gastrointestinal bleeding in the emergency department.Methods:A total of 107 patients with preliminary diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding included in the study after approval of the ethics committee were prospectively evaluated. Glasgow‐Blatchford scale scores were calculated and venous blood lactate levels were assessed. Need for blood transfusion in the follow‐up, the amount of transfusion, and mortality in the next 6 months were evaluated.Results:A statistically significant difference was found in mortality rates between the lactate and Glasgow‐Blatchford scale cohorts in our study (p = 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The mortality rate was significantly higher in the lactate(+) GBS(+) cases compared to the lactate(–) GBS(+), lactate(+) GBS(–), and lactate(–) GBS(–) cases compared to the bilateral comparisons (p = 0.004, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.01, respectively). There was a statistically significant relationship between the rate of erythrocyte suspension replacement in the cases according to Glasgow‐Blatchford scale levels (p = 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The incidence of erythrocyte suspension replacement was 7.393 times greater in patients with Glasgow‐Blatchford scale score of 12 and above.Conclusion:Glasgow‐Blatchford scale is highly sensitive to the determination of mortality risk and the need for blood transfusion in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Glasgow‐Blatchford scale with lactate evaluation is more sensitive and more significant than Glasgow‐Blatchford scale alone. This significance provides us to establish “modified Glasgow‐Blatchford scale.” In the future, studies which will use Glasgow‐Blatchford scale supported by lactate could be increased and the results should be supported more.
Regulating emotions in two languages: How do emotion regulation strategies relate to physiological reactivity in emotional contexts?
Authors: Quiñones-Camacho Laura E , Shih Emily W , Savage Scott V , Lamar Prieto Covadonga , Davis Elizabeth L 
Published: June 2018

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: Differences in how people regulate their emotions have been shown across cultures. Yet, whether bilinguals regulate emotions differently based on the language they are speaking is unknown, as is whether these regulatory choices relate to their physiology. The aim of this study was to assess whether self-reported use of emotion regulation strategies that promote emotional engagement would be associated with greater sympathetic arousal while describing emotional experiences for bilinguals. Design/Methodology/Approach: 99 Spanish–English bilinguals ( M = 20.8 years; SD = 2.11; 73 women) were interviewed about times they felt sad and afraid in both Spanish and English, and described what they did to regulate those emotions. Sympathetic nervous system physiology (pre-ejection period; PEP) was assessed continuously. The within-person experimental design enabled exploration of differences in regulation and physiology that were associated with talking about negative emotions in different languages. Data and Analysis: Emotion regulation strategies that indexed emotional engagement (e.g. cognitive reappraisal) were reliably coded from participant interviews. PEP reactivity was calculated as the change from a resting baseline to each language context. We used hierarchical linear regressions to test our hypotheses. Findings/Conclusions: We found that using fewer engagement strategies was associated with decreased sympathetic arousal, but only for people who were more physiologically aroused when at rest and only when participants were speaking English. Originality: This study is the first to show that bilinguals’ emotion regulatory attempts have different consequences across languages, highlighting how emotional processing is colored by cultural-linguistic lenses. Significance/Implications: These findings align with growing evidence that bilinguals’ physiological reactions to emotional events depend on the language context. Knowledge generated by this investigation contributes to our understanding of cross-cultural differences in people’s physiological arousal and emotional processing by highlighting these patterns among the understudied population of bilingual speakers.
The transition from child and adolescent to adult mental health services with a focus on diagnosis progression
Authors: Collins Ann , Muñoz-Solomando Antonio 
Published: June 2018

Aims and methodThis article examines mental health disorders as individuals transition from adolescence to adulthood. Data were collected from clinical records of patients who had transitioned from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services in a region in South Wales. Demographics and clinical diagnoses under both services were recorded. Patterns between adolescent and adult disorders as well as comorbidities were investigated using Pearson's χ2-test and Fisher's exact test.ResultsOf the 98 patients that transitioned from one service to the other, 74 had changes to their diagnoses. There were 164 total changes to diagnoses, with patients no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for 64 disorders and 100 new disorders being diagnosed. Comorbidity increased in adulthood.Clinical implicationsDiagnoses can evolve, particularly during adolescence and early adulthood. Therefore regular reassessment is paramount for successful treatment.Declaration of interestNone.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders as precursors of bipolar disorder onset in adulthood
Authors: Meier Sandra M. , Pavlova Barbara , Dalsgaard Søren , Nordentoft Merete , Mors Ole , Mortensen Preben B. , Uher Rudolf 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders have been proposed as precursors of bipolar disorder, but their joint and relative roles in the development of bipolar disorder are unknown.AimsTo test the prospective relationship of ADHD and anxiety with onset of bipolar disorder.MethodWe examined the relationship between ADHD, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder in a birth cohort of 2 409 236 individuals born in Denmark between 1955 and 1991. Individuals were followed from their sixteenth birthday or from January 1995 to their first clinical contact for bipolar disorder or until December 2012. We calculated incidence rates per 10 000 person-years and tested the effects of prior diagnoses on the risk of bipolar disorder in survival models.ResultsOver 37 394 865 person-years follow-up, 9250 onsets of bipolar disorder occurred. The incidence rate of bipolar disorder was 2.17 (95% CI 2.12–2.19) in individuals with no prior diagnosis of ADHD or anxiety, 23.86 (95% CI 19.98–27.75) in individuals with a prior diagnosis of ADHD only, 26.05 (95% CI 24.47–27.62) in individuals with a prior diagnosis of anxiety only and 66.16 (95% CI 44.83–87.47) in those with prior diagnoses of both ADHD and anxiety. The combination of ADHD and anxiety increased the risk of bipolar disorder 30-fold (95% CI 21.66–41.40) compared with those with no prior ADHD or anxiety.ConclusionsEarly manifestations of both internalising and externalising psychopathology indicate liability to bipolar disorder. The combination of ADHD and anxiety is associated with a very high risk of bipolar disorder.Declaration of interestNone.
Assessment and Improvement Strategies for a Breast Cancer Early Detection Program in Rural South Africa
Authors: Hadley Megan , Mullen Lisa A. , Dickerson Lindsay , Harvey Susan C. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose To assess and develop solutions for an ultrasound-based breast cancer early detection program in rural South Africa 1 year after implementation. Methods A WHO-endorsed RAD-AID Radiology Readiness Assessment was used to evaluate clinic resources. In addition, 5 weeks of observation identified resource deficiencies and reviewed existing documentation methods. On the basis of stakeholders’ input and the BI-RADS, we developed new documentation systems. Training was followed by a survey that assessed feasibility and provider acceptance. Results Resource limitations included lack of computers, unpredictable electrical supply, and inconsistent Internet. The assessment revealed incomplete documentation of breast clinical examinations and history, breast lesions, and follow-up. Furthermore, limitations negatively affected communication among providers. Three solutions were developed: a paper patient history form, a paper clinical findings form, and a computerized patient-tracking data base compliant with BI-RADS. Three nurses, three nursing assistants, and one counselor completed the survey. Seventy-one percent indicated positive general attitudes, and 100% agreed that the documentation system is easy and useful and improves overall quality of care, follow-up, decision making; access to clinical information; and communication between clinicians and patients. Five of the seven providers reported that the system increased visit time, but three of those five believed that the process was valuable. Conclusion Implementation of a breast cancer early detection program in resource-limited regions is challenging, and continual assessment is essential. As a result of identified needs, we developed a documentation system that was broadly accepted. Future steps should focus on increasing efficiency, evaluation of provider attitudes long term, and clinical effect.
Transbilayer phospholipid movement facilitates the translocation of annexin across membranes
Authors: Stewart Sarah E. , Ashkenazi Avraham , Williamson Athena , Rubinsztein David C. , Moreau Kevin 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Annexins are cytosolic phospholipid-binding proteins that can be found on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. The extracellular functions of annexin include modulating fibrinolysis activity and cell migration. Despite having well-described extracellular functions, the mechanism of annexin transport from the cytoplasmic inner leaflet to the extracellular outer leaflet of the plasma membrane remains unclear. Here, we show that the transbilayer movement of phospholipids facilitates the transport of annexins A2 and A5 across membranes in cells and in liposomes. We identified TMEM16F (also known as anoctamin-6, ANO6) as a lipid scramblase required for transport of these annexins to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. This work reveals a mechanism for annexin translocation across membranes which depends on plasma membrane phospholipid remodelling.