bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heuristic Modeling and 3D Stereoscopic Visualization of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cell
Authors: Biere Niklas , Ghaffar Mehmood , Doebbe Anja , Jäger Daniel , Rothe Nils , Friedrich Benjamin M. , Hofestädt Ralf , Schreiber Falk , Kruse Olaf , Sommer Björn 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The structural modeling and representation of cells is a complex task as different microscopic, spectroscopic and other information resources have to be combined to achieve a three-dimensional representation with high accuracy. Moreover, to provide an appropriate spatial representation of the cell, a stereoscopic 3D (S3D) visualization is favorable. In this work, a structural cell model is created by combining information from various light microscopic and electron microscopic images as well as from publication-related data. At the mesoscopic level each cell component is presented with special structural and visual properties; at the molecular level a cell membrane composition and the underlying modeling method are discussed; and structural information is correlated with those at the functional level (represented by simplified energy-producing metabolic pathways).
The organism used as an example is the unicellular Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which might be important in future alternative energy production processes. Based on the 3D model, an educative S3D animation was created which was shown at conferences. The complete workflow was accomplished by using the open source 3D modeling software Blender.
The discussed project including the animation is available from: http://Cm5.CELLmicrocosmos.org
Semantics for an Integrative and Immersive Pipeline Combining Visualization and Analysis of Molecular Data
Authors: Trellet Mikael , Férey Nicolas , Flotyński Jakub , Baaden Marc , Bourdot Patrick 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The advances made in recent years in the field of structural biology significantly increased the throughput and complexity of data that scientists have to deal with. Combining and analyzing such heterogeneous amounts of data became a crucial time consumer in the daily tasks of scientists. However, only few efforts have been made to offer scientists an alternative to the standard compartmentalized tools they use to explore their data and that involve a regular back and forth between them. We propose here an integrated pipeline especially designed for immersive environments, promoting direct interactions on semantically linked 2D and 3D heterogeneous data, displayed in a common working space. The creation of a semantic definition describing the content and the context of a molecular scene leads to the creation of an intelligent system where data are (1) combined through pre-existing or inferred links present in our hierarchical definition of the concepts, (2) enriched with suitable and adaptive analyses proposed to the user with respect to the current task and (3) interactively presented in a unique working environment to be explored.
MinOmics, an Integrative and Immersive Tool for Multi-Omics Analysis
Authors: Maes Alexandre , Martinez Xavier , Druart Karen , Laurent Benoist , Guégan Sean , Marchand Christophe H. , Lemaire Stéphane D. , Baaden Marc 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Proteomic and transcriptomic technologies resulted in massive biological datasets, their interpretation requiring sophisticated computational strategies. Efficient and intuitive real-time analysis remains challenging. We use proteomic data on 1417 proteins of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to investigate physicochemical parameters governing selectivity of three cysteine-based redox post translational modifications (PTM): glutathionylation (SSG), nitrosylation (SNO) and disulphide bonds (SS) reduced by thioredoxins. We aim to understand underlying molecular mechanisms and structural determinants through integration of redox proteome data from gene- to structural level. Our interactive visual analytics approach on an 8.3 m2 display wall of 25 MPixel resolution features stereoscopic three dimensions (3D) representation performed by UnityMol WebGL. Virtual reality headsets complement the range of usage configurations for fully immersive tasks. Our experiments confirm that fast access to a rich cross-linked database is necessary for immersive analysis of structural data. We emphasize the possibility to display complex data structures and relationships in 3D, intrinsic to molecular structure visualization, but less common for omics-network analysis. Our setup is powered by MinOmics, an integrated analysis pipeline and visualization framework dedicated to multi-omics analysis. MinOmics integrates data from various sources into a materialized physical repository. We evaluate its performance, a design criterion for the framework.
Pythagorean Fuzzy Einstein Hybrid Averaging Aggregation Operator and its Application to Multiple-Attribute Group Decision Making
Authors: Rahman Khaista , Abdullah Saleem , Ali Asad , Amin Fazli 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Pythagorean fuzzy set is one of the successful extensions of the intuitionistic fuzzy set for handling uncertainties in information. Under this environment, in this paper, we introduce the notion of Pythagorean fuzzy Einstein hybrid averaging (PFEHA) aggregation operator along with some of its properties, namely idempotency, boundedness, and monotonicity. PFEHA aggregation operator is the generalization of Pythagorean fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging aggregation operator and Pythagorean fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted averaging aggregation operator. The operator proposed in this paper provides more accurate and precise results as compared to the existing operators. Therefore, this method plays a vital role in real-world problems. Finally, we applied the proposed operator and method to multiple-attribute group decision making.
Design of Multichannel Optical OFDM System Using Advanced Modulation Techniques
Authors: Kaur Gurjit , Kumar Ashwini , Parasher Yaman , Singh Prabhjot 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Existing single-channel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system can transmit data from single source to single destination occupying the entire link but bit error rate (BER) provided by these systems is quite high. The multichannel system gives the liberty to route the traffic through the different channels depending upon the availability. So there is a need to design a multichannel system which can transmit the data at higher rate by transmitting multiple symbols simultaneously with improved BER. So, in this research work, we propose a multichannel OFDM system by using an advanced modulation technique, i. e. quadrature amplitude modulation which not only improves the capacity but also makes the system power efficient. In order to demonstrate that our proposed system is power efficient, a set of simulations have been performed. Results show that BER (as a function of power) obtained for the proposed system is low in comparison to the already existed phase shifting keying- and differential phase shift keying-based system.
Physical Education Teachers’ Understandings of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in Teaching Black Male Students
Authors: Hodge Samuel R. , Collins Frankie G. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze high school physical education teachers’ beliefs and understandings regarding culturally relevant pedagogy and teaching Black males in urban high schools. The participants were forty Black1 and White2 physical education teachers (male = 23, 57.5 %; female = 17, 42.5 %) randomly sampled from urban high schools. The research method was descriptive survey. Data were collected with a demographic questionnaire and a multidimensional attitude scale, which was constructed in the theoretical orientation of culturally relevant pedagogy. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were used to analyze the data. The teachers held mostly favorable beliefs about teaching Black male students, but their beliefs tended to vary as a function of their gender and race/ethnic status. The findings and implications are discussed.
Children’s Custody under Islamic Law: Whose Right Is It?
Authors: Almihdar Zainah 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the absence of a codified Family Law, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has traditionally applied the Hanbali school of Islamic Law in its family courts. However, the court’s handling of children’s custody cases has been criticised as being too rigid and narrow in interpreting the principles of Islamic Law. To overcome some of the problems faced in children’s custody cases, the Saudi authorities have recently made a number of Directions and Decisions for the family courts to follow. Through looking at these measures and some relevant court judgements, this Article aims to shed some light on the effect of these changes in emphasising the human rights of children in family law cases.
Crystal structure of 4-(dimethylamino)-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)pyridin-1-ium perchlorate, C10H13ClN2O4
Authors: Messali Mouslim , Aouad Mohamed Reda , Rezki Nadjet , Almutairi M. Saud , Warad Ismail 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
C10H13ClN2O4, orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 14.903(2) Å, b = 9.1004(15) Å, c = 8.7560(14) Å, V = 1187.5(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rint
= 0.036, R
gt(F) = 0.0284, wRref
(F2
) = 0.0795, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-chloro-2,6-dinitrophenyl)-1-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)diazene 1-oxide, C12H5Cl2N5O7
Authors: Junyan Cao , Jianlong Wang , Lizhen Chen , Luyao Zhang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
C12H5Cl2N5O7, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.2425(8) Å, b = 8.2814(7) Å, c = 12.4713(12) Å, α = 93.370(4)°, β = 101.590(4)°, γ = 118.222(3)°, V = 723.03(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0516, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0858, T = 173(2) K.
„Mind from Matter?“ – Über Verhalten und Gehirn
Authors: Heisenberg Martin 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Wie hat die Darwin‘sche Evolution aus toter Materie den menschlichen Geist (die Seele; engl. mind) hervorgebracht? Aus diesem langen, komplizierten Prozess nimmt der vorliegende Aufsatz einen wichtigen Abschnitt heraus, den vom tierischen Verhalten zur Tier-Seele (animal mind). Der Lebensprozess hat zwei Domänen: Die Erhaltung der internen Stabilität und die Wechselwirkung zwischen dem Organismus und der Welt. Bei Tieren sind diese Wechselwirkungen als Verhalten organisiert. In der Evolution entsteht nützliches Verhalten, weil dieses der Fitness zugutekommt. Angesichts des Reichtums der Welt und der Offenheit der Zukunft wird die Organisation des Verhaltens immer komplexer und indirekter (Metaorganisation). Dieses Konzept wird in dem vorliegenden Aufsatz mit Verhaltensstudien an der Fliege Drosophila dokumentiert.
Mind from Matter? – Via Brain and Behavior
Authors: Heisenberg Martin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
How did the process of Darwinian evolution lead from dead matter to the human mind? Of this long, complicated process the present essay selects and discusses just one step, that from animal behavior to animal mind. The process of living has two aspects, the maintenance of the process in the organism and the interaction of the organism with the world. In animals the latter is organized as behavior. Behavior evolves, as it serves the fitness of the animal. The brain evolves because it improves the behavior in terms of the animal’s fitness. Given the richness of the world and the openness of the future, the organization of behavior can be indirect and most intricate. The animal mind can be understood as behavioral organization at a higher level, as metaorganization. This concept is documented by behavioral studies in a particular animal, the fly Drosophila.
Empires of Charity: Imperial Legitimacy and Profitable Charity in Colonial Spanish America
Authors: Grafe Regina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article investigates the institutionalization and the practices of charity that sustained imperial rule in the early modern Spanish Empire. The article proposes that the polycentric Spanish Empire of the 16th to 18th centuries faced a fundamental challenge in terms of justifying the extension of power beyond its original territory of legitimization through custom and (invented) history. This challenge was dealt with through recourse to an ideology of good governance in corporate society. It institutionalized differences across race/caste, urban/rural, professional, gender and other categories in collectives that held part of a layered and fragmented sovereignty. But unlike its modern successor empires and nation states, it did not have to rely systematically on the essentialization of difference. Thus, good governance could legitimize the extension of hegemony beyond the original territory of political legitimization and charity played a central role in this. A material caritative complex sui generis linked the moral economy of charity, which legitimized local elites, with their own financing needs and those of the imperial polity via the financial acumen of religious and charitable institutions.
Optimizing the preparation conditions of amphoteric polyacrylamide as a strength additive for recycled paper
Authors: Liu Qian , Lei Yanhao , Bai Yuanyuan , Yang Yan , He Weitao , Yao Chun-li 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAcrylamide, itaconic acid and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride were used to synthesize a series of amphoteric polyacrylamides (AmPAM) by aqueous solution polymerization through varying the pH, the reaction time, the temperature and the composition. The polymers were characterized by molecular weight and added in a recycled pulp furnish to make sheets. Paper strength was highest with the polymer made at pH 7 and 70 °C for 6 h with a monomer ratio of 2:0.3:0.3 (AM:IA:DMC) with 0.6 % initiator (based on the total mass of monomers). The optimized polymer was characterized by thermal gravity analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and was then added at various pH and dosage level to the pulp alone or in combination with PAC, to determine the optimum addition conditions. Strength increased significantly with AmPAM addition level and PAC dosage but pH had little effect. The treated fibers were characterized by Zeta potential and drainage measurements. SEM showed the presence of a polymer film that is believed to reinforce inter-fiber bonds in the paper.
Improving the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus residues with a modified aqueous ammonia soaking method
Authors: Huo Dan , Yang Qiulin , Fang Guigan , Liu Qiujuan , Si Chuanling , Hou Qingxi , Li Bin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Eucalyptus residues from pulp mill were pretreated with aqueous ammonia soaking (AAS) method to improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimized condition of AAS was obtained by response surface methodology. Meanwhile, hydrogen peroxide was introduced into the AAS system to modify the AAS pretreatment (AASP). The results showed that a fermentable sugar yield of 64.96 % was obtained when the eucalypt fibers were pretreated at the optimal conditions, with 80 % of ammonia (w/w) for 11 h and keeping the temperature at 90 °C. In further research it was found that the addition of H2O2 to the AAS could improve the pretreatment efficiency. The delignification rate and enzymatic digestibility were increased to 64.49 % and 73.85 %, respectively, with 5 % of hydrogen peroxide being used. FTIR analysis indicated that most syringyl and guaiacyl lignin and a trace amount of xylan were degraded and dissolved during the AAS and AASP pretreatments. The CrI of the raw material was increased after AAS and AASP pretreatments, which was attributed to the removal of amorphous portion. SEM images showed that microfibers were separated and explored from the initial fiber structure after AAS pretreatment, and the AASP method could improve the destructiveness of the fiber surface.
Global model simulation of OH production in pulsed-DC atmospheric pressure helium-air plasma jets
Authors: Gocić Saša , Mladenović Željko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe results of global model simulation of an atmospheric pressure pulsed-DC helium plasma jet propagated in humid air, compared to the results of fluid model, are presented in this paper. The primary tasks of presented simulation were determination of the density and the main production pathways of OH radicals. The calculation reveals that global model gives higher OH densities than fluid model, especially at higher electron temperatures. This overestimation is mainly caused by the intrinsic assumptions of the global model, which impose limitations on its application for modelling of very transient physical processes such are streamers or plasma bullets. The main OH production and loss processes are well recognized by global model, and additional mechanisms are involved with respect to the case of fluid modelling. According to the presented results, global model will give satisfactory assessment of OH density and overall chemical composition of modelled plasmas, if the air fraction, electron density and temperature are correctly determined.
Joint measurements of optical parameters by irradiance scintillation and angle-of-arrival fluctuations
Authors: Gao Chao , Liang Haodong , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA method for joint measuring the power law exponent and the structure constant of atmospheric turbulence is proposed and examined. The measurements are equivalent to solve the simultaneous equations formed by the irradiance scintillation index and the angle-of-arrival fluctuations variance, where the measured parameters are regarded as the unknowns. The measured error analysis is also presented. Based on our proposed method, the measured results accord with the daily trend of atmospheric turbulence.
Size and Shape Controlled Synthesis of Pd Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Li Huiqi , Jiang Zhiyuan , Xie Zhaoxiong 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Palladium (Pd) has attracted substantial academic interest due to its remarkable properties and extensive applications in many industrial processes and commercial devices. The development of Pd nanocrystals (NCs) would contribute to reduce overall precious metal loadings, and allow the efficient utilization of energy at lower economic costs. Furthermore, some of the important properties of Pd NCs can be substantially enhanced by rational designing and tight controlling of both size and shape. In this review, we have summarized the state-of-the-art research progress in the shape and size-controlled synthesis of noble-metal Pd NCs, which is based on the wet-chemical synthesis. Pd NCs have been categorized into five types: (1) single-crystalline Pd nano-polyhedra with well-defined low-index facets (e.g. {100}, {111} and {110}); (2) single-crystalline Pd nano polyhedra with well-defined high-index facets, such as Pd tetrahexahedra with {hk0} facets; (3) Pd NCs with cyclic penta-twinned structure, including icosahedra and decahedra; (4) monodisperse spherical Pd nanoparticles; (5) typical anisotropic Pd NCs, such as nanoframes, nanoplate, nanorods/wires. The synthetic approach and growth mechanisms of these types of Pd NCs are highlighted. The key factors that control the structures, including shapes (surface structures), twin structures, single-crystal nanostructures, and sizes are carefully elucidated. We also introduce the detailed characterization tools for analysis of Pd NCs with a specific type. The challenges faced and perspectives on this promising field are also briefly discussed. We believe that the detailed studies on the growth mechanisms of NCs provide a powerful guideline to the rational design and synthesis of noble-metal NCs with enhanced properties.

Graphical Abstract:
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy approaches for electrochemical research
Authors: Vyalikh Anastasia , Köhler Thomas , Zakharchenko Tatiana , Itkis Daniil M. , Krajnc Andraž , Mali Gregor 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this review paper, we provide a short overview of the application of magnetic resonance techniques in electrochemical studies. Brief theoretical descriptions, sensitivity aspects, challenges and new opportunities of nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance have been presented here. Particular attention will be paid to the studies using ex situ and in situ methodologies and their combination to address the questions concerning the intrinsic structures and the structural transformations, ionic mobility and interfacial interactions in the energy storage and energy conversion systems. In addition, theoretical approaches to support the experimental NMR observables as well as magnetic resonance imaging have been discussed in the context of improving electrochemical performance, cycling stability and safety of batteries.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the interaction of lithium with graphene
Authors: Bulusheva Lyubov G. , Okotrub Alexander V. , Yashina Lada V. , Velasco-Velez Juan J. , Usachov Dmitry Yu. , Vyalikh Denis V. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Graphene-like nanostructures, solely or in combination with redox active compounds, are an important component of battery electrodes. Design of effective electrode materials requires a deep understanding of electrochemical reactions occurring at graphene surfaces. The methods of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are very helpful in such research, providing the composition of studied samples and electronic state of individual elements. In this chapter, we demonstrate advantages of XPS for monitoring of chemical vapor deposition graphene growth and lithium penetration under graphene layers, disclosing of interactions with metals and interface states.
Ein Staatsfonds, der eine soziale Dividende finanziert
Authors: Corneo Giacomo 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Regierung eines Landes kann sich zum risikolosen Zins verschulden und in den Weltaktienmarkt investieren. Die Aktienerträge werden abzüglich der Finanzierungskosten an die Bürger des Landes in Form einer sozialen Dividende weitergegeben. Welche Effekte hat diese Politik auf die Wohlfahrt der Bürger? Der vorliegende Beitrag identifiziert in einem einfachen theoretischen Rahmen Bedingungen, unter denen eine solche Politik eine Pareto-Verbesserung hervorruft und argumentiert für deren Einführung in Deutschland.
Wet steam measurement techniques
Authors: Walker David , Barham Scott , Giddings Donald , Dimitrakis Georgios 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In recent years a greater need for power station efficiency has become evident; improving turbine blade efficiency is one of the methods proposed. This efficiency depends upon the wetness of the steam that comes into contact with the blades of the low-pressure turbine stage in general and all turbines in nuclear power generation. Therefore, measurement of the moisture content of the steam in real time in conjunction with an accurate measure of steam velocity can give an overall mass flow re-entering the turbine, allowing for a feedback control. The system can rely on one technique that can measure suspended droplets and wall-bound liquid film, or a combination of techniques can operate together. This work gives a comprehensive review of the different techniques used to measure the moisture content including the liquid film and moisture content and techniques that can give measurements on both simultaneously. Each technique has its strengths and weaknesses, and they were analysed to see which technique works best overall and which techniques can be used together.