bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keystroke Dynamics Identification Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Intelligent Keyboard Using Deep Learning Method
Authors: Zhao Guangquan , Yang Jin , Chen Jun , Zhu Guang , Jiang Zedong , Liu Xiaoyong , Niu Guangxing , Wang Zhong Lin , Zhang Bin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDue to the heavy reliance on computers and networks, security issues have become a major concern for individuals, companies, and nations. Traditional security measures such as personal identification numbers, tokens, or passwords only provide limited protection. With the development of intelligent keyboard (IKB), this paper proposes a deep‐learning‐based keystroke dynamics identification method for increased security. The IKB is a kind of self‐powered, nonmechanical‐punching keyboard, which converts mechanical stimuli applied to the keyboard into local electronic signals. Multilayer deep belief network (DBN) is established to mine the useful information from raw electronic signals and output the keystroke dynamics identification result. The contributions include development of a novel solution that does not rely on manual feature extraction, and provides promising recognition accuracy on large amount of typing samples. One significant advantage of the proposed method is that it extracts features adaptively from the raw current signals and automatically recognizes the typing pattern, which simplifies the design of verification and identification system. The experimental results on 104 typing samples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method has extensive applications in keyboard‐based information security.
Cost‐Effective, Flexible, Hydrophobic, and Tunable Structural Color Polymeric Bragg Reflector Metastructures
Authors: Resende Pedro M. , Sanz Ruy , Caballero‐Calero Olga , Martín‐González Marisol 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of flexible photonic materials, by sustainable and scalable methods, is proved to be a difficult task for the materials science and industrial communities. Alongside, the modern society has also grown a strong dependence on polymeric materials, demanding superpolymers that combine functionality and cost with superior after‐use properties. The path for accomplishing this aim is made possible by mimicking nature through the merging of self‐ordered nanostructures and a commodity thermoplastic, resorting to basic fabrication infrastructure. This work presents the development of a flexible material that exhibits tunable structural color due to its 3D polyethylene based nanonetwork. These nanonetworks are hydrophobic, and change color depending on the refractive index of the material filling their voids. This developed flexible metamaterial is projected to open opportunities for the fabrication of economically affordable (around 0.008 € cm−2) and solvent‐free photonic nanostructures with multipurpose applications such as sensing, energy saving, clothing, and photovoltaics, among others.
A General Concept for Solar Water‐Splitting Monolithic Photoelectrochemical Cells Based on Earth‐Abundant Materials and a Low‐Cost Photovoltaic Panel
Authors: Kasemthaveechok Sitthichok , Oh Kiseok , Fabre Bruno , Bergamini Jean‐François , Mériadec Cristelle , Ababou‐Girard Soraya , Loget Gabriel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLike photosynthesis, where light is transformed into energy‐rich molecules, sunlight energy can be converted into H2 and O2 using water‐splitting photoelectrochemical cells (PECs). These systems are highly promising to produce H2 without carbon emissions, however, their fabrication is still based on expensive fabrication procedures and nonabundant materials, which prevents their manufacturing and study by many laboratories. Here, an original concept for preparing monolithic water‐splitting PECs based on the integration of a low‐cost Si photovoltaic (PV) panel with two Si‐based photoelectrodes fabricated by simple procedures and earth‐abundant materials is demonstrated. In contrast with previous approaches, in the present system, the PV solid junction and the two solid/liquid junctions participate in the creation of the effective photovoltage applied for water splitting. This simple device that can split water from various electrolytes for several hours should promote new advances in the field of solar fuels.
Improved Input and State Estimation for Linear Stochastic Systems with Direct Feedthrough
Authors: Ding Bo , Zhang Tianping , Fang Huajing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of joint input and state estimation for linear stochastic systems with direct feedthrough. Based on the fact that each unknown input between any two time steps is always bounded, a novel improved algorithm is proposed. Compared with existing results, this algorithm can effectively enhance estimation accuracy. Moreover, the stability of the algorithm is also discussed. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Triaryl Pyrazole Toll‐Like Receptor Signaling Inhibitors: Structure–Activity Relationships Governing Pan‐ and Selective Signaling Inhibitors
Authors: Pollock Julie A. , Sharma Naina , Ippagunta Sirish K. , Redecke Vanessa , Häcker Hans , Katzenellenbogen John A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe immune system uses members of the toll‐like receptor (TLR) family to recognize a variety of pathogen‐ and host‐derived molecules in order to initiate immune responses. Although TLR‐mediated, pro‐inflammatory immune responses are essential for host defense, prolonged and exaggerated activation can result in inflammation pathology that manifests in a variety of diseases. Therefore, small‐molecule inhibitors of the TLR signaling pathway might have promise as anti‐inflammatory drugs. We previously identified a class of triaryl pyrazole compounds that inhibit TLR signaling by modulation of the protein–protein interactions essential to the pathway. We have now systematically examined the structural features essential for inhibition of this pathway, revealing characteristics of compounds that inhibited all TLRs tested (pan‐TLR signaling inhibitors) as well as compounds that selectively inhibited certain TLRs. These findings reveal interesting classes of compounds that could be optimized for particular inflammatory diseases governed by different TLRs.
Nanostructured SnS2 Thin Films from Laser Ablated Nanocolloids: Structure, Morphology, Optoelectronic and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Johny Jacob , Sepulveda Guzman Selene , Krishnan Bindu , Avellaneda Avellaneda David , Shaji Sadasivan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTin disulfide (SnS2) is a binary chalcogenide semiconductor having applications in solar cells, energy storage, and optoelectronics. SnS2 thin films were deposited by spraying the nanocolloids synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid. The structure, morphology, and optoelectronic properties were studied for films obtained from two liquid media (ethanol and isopropanol) and after heat treatments at various temperatures. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure of the films, whereas the 2‐H polytype structure was identified by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Oxidation states of Sn (4+) and S (2−) identified from high resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectra confirmed the composition and chemical states of the films. The SnS2 thin films exhibited distinct porous surface morphologies as the liquid medium in laser ablation was varied. All as‐prepared and annealed films showed photoluminescence with a high intensity peak at 485 nm and a low intensity peak at 545 nm. Thin films annealed at 300 °C showed improved electrochemical properties upon illumination using a blue LED light source. Current‐voltage curves recorded in dark and light as well as the photoresponse measurements showed their suitability for utilization in optoelectronic devices. The results of this study may trigger further research towards fabrication of nanostructured thin films in large area for optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical applications in an environment friendly and cost‐effective way.
Dissemination of exposure in the treatment of anxiety disorders and post‐traumatic stress disorder among German cognitive behavioural therapists
Authors: Schumacher Sarah , Weiss Deborah , Knaevelsrud Christine 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe efficacy of exposure is beyond doubt, which is reflected in guidelines recommending its application in the treatment of anxiety disorders and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research suggests exposure to be underutilized in clinical practice in the United States and Europe. A systematic investigation of the dissemination of exposure in Germany is lacking. The present study examined the dissemination and application frequency of exposure among German cognitive behavioural therapists working in routine care. In an online‐based survey, 331 psychotherapists provided information on treatment of patients with panic disorder, phobia, and PTSD. By means of multinomial logistic regression analysis, application frequency of exposure (non‐users vs. users vs. frequent users) was predicted by various therapist characteristics. Younger age and less negative beliefs about exposure significantly predicted the affiliation to the frequent users group compared to the non‐users in the treatment of panic disorder or phobia. Concerning treatment of PTSD, only negative beliefs about exposure was identified as significant predictor. Sex, educational level, and number of exposure sessions performed during clinical training were not of predictive value. Current findings suggest that negative beliefs about exposure and age impact the frequent provision of exposure to patients. Modification of negative attitudes might be achieved through specific training strategies.
A Core–Shell‐Structured Silver Nanowire/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Catalyst for Enhanced and Multifunctional Electrofixation of CO2
Authors: Yang Heng‐Pan , Zhang Han‐Wen , Wu Yu , Fan Liang‐Dong , Chai Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Qian‐Ling , Liu Jian‐Hong , He Chuan‐Xin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNumerous catalysts have been successfully introduced for CO2 fixation in aqueous or organic systems. However, a single catalyst showing activity in both solvent types is still rare, to the best of our knowledge. We developed a core–shell‐structured AgNW/NC700 composite using a Ag nanowire (NW) core encapsulated by a N‐doped carbon (NC) shell at 700 °C. Through control experiments and density functional theory calculations, it was confirmed that Ag nanowires acted as the active sites for CO2 fixation and the uniformly coating of N‐doped carbon created a CO2‐rich environment around the Ag nanowires, which could significantly improve the catalytic activity of Ag nanowires for electrochemical CO2 fixation. Under mild conditions, up to 96 % faradaic efficiency of CO, 95 % yield of Ibuprofen and 92 % yield of propylene carbonate could be obtained in the electrochemical CO2 direct reduction, carboxylation and cycloaddition, respectively, using the same AgNWs/NC700 catalyst. These results might provide an alternative strategy for efficient electrochemical fixation of CO2.
LiCl as Phase‐Transfer Catalysts to Synthesize Thin Co2P Nanosheets for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Pan Zhiming , Niu Pingping , Hou Yidong , Fang Yuanxing , Liu Minghui , Wang Xinchen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInorganic salts have been widely studied as templates for the synthesis of 2D layer structures. However, these salts normally can only serve as templates without any catalytic activity. Here, we report that LiCl used for the synthesis of ultrathin nanosheets not only serves as template for the synthesis of ultrathin Co2P nanosheets with a thickness of 0.7 nm but also acts as a catalyst that induces the phase‐transfer from CoP to Co2P. The Co2P nanosheets have a high electrochemical performance for oxygen evolution reaction.
Tryptophan and arginine catabolic enzymes and regulatory cytokines in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cha Lilian , Jones Anderson P , Trend Stephanie , Byrne Scott N , Fabis‐Pedrini Marzena J , Carroll William M , Lucas Robyn M , Cole Judith M , Booth David R , Kermode Allan G , Hart Prue H 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesClinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is the earliest clinical episode in multiple sclerosis (MS). A study of circulating cells from patients with CIS may help us understand the transition to, and processes associated with, the development of MS.MethodsAs immune cell activity can be determined by flux through metabolic pathways, the mRNA expression of l‐tryptophan‐ and l‐arginine‐catabolising enzymes, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) 1 and IDO2 and arginase (ARG) 1 and ARG2, respectively, was compared between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls, and patients with CIS and definite MS. As one measure of cell function, cytokine mRNA levels were analysed directly ex vivo and in cells after culture for 4 h in the absence of regulatory factors in autologous serum.ResultsWhen measured directly ex vivo, the expression of IDO and ARG was greater in cells from patients with CIS and MS than cells from healthy controls. Although not linked to IDO and ARG expression, PBMCs from the CIS patients were characterised by low IL‐10 and TGFB mRNA levels and not by greater expression of proinflammatory cytokines. When the cells were cultured for 4 h without autologous serum, pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels positively correlated with IDO1 expression, and TGFB mRNA levels correlated with ARG1 expression.ConclusionHigher IDO and ARG expression in CIS and MS provides one sustained homeostatic mechanism to control MS‐associated inflammation. However, potent extrinsic mediators in serum may regulate immune cell function in CIS and associations between IDO, ARG and cytokine expression.
Assessing the reproducibility of an O‐glycopeptide enrichment method with a novel software, Pinnacle
Authors: Pap Adam , Prakash Amol , F. Medzihradszky Katalin , Darula Zsuzsanna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA novel software, Pinnacle was used to reassess the reproducibility of a 2‐step lectin‐based O‐glycopeptide enrichment method. A publicly available dataset consisting of 12 data files representing 3 technical replicates of enriched glycopeptides from human serum was investigated. Previously, an attempt for reproducibility assessment was made utilizing an MS/MS scan (MS2)‐based method. However, the stochastic nature of precursor ion selection strongly biased this approach leading to underestimated rate of reproducibility. To bypass this problem, our present method follows the general path to confidently identify O‐glycopeptides (database search with MS/MS data) supplemented with full scan/survey scan (MS1)/extracted ion chromatogram (XIC) mining in all files using two software packages, Pinnacle and Skyline. Confident MS/MS identifications were delivered by Protein Prospector. With this input Skyline indicated a 70% reproducibility for our workflow. However, Pinnacle performed better, indicating the presence of 90% of the confidently assigned glycopeptides in all the three replicates. Pinnacle, just like Skyline, performs ion extraction using the high accuracy, high resolution mass measurement data but it also utilizes all the available MS/MS spectra, even from different activation methods, within the same file to make mass spectrometric data evaluation for glycopeptides more reliable.
Financial integration and the Great Leveraging
Authors: Carvalho Daniel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper studies the joint dynamics of international capital flows and domestic credit and money growth. It finds a strong statistical relationship between cross‐border flows and the decoupling of these two variables—the Great Leveraging—a stylized fact documented for several economies in the past decades, due to faster credit than money growth, and associated with the expansion of banks nonmonetary liabilities. Results indicate that, in addition to the equity/debt breakdown, it is important to split capital flows according to the domestic recipient sectors: banking sector flows display, in general, a stronger correlation with the growth of credit and with its excess growth over money. Furthermore, the country's FX regime also plays a role, as money holdings tend to be less responsive to cross‐border capital flows in fixed FX regimes. In broad terms, this approach sheds light on the mechanisms through which the international banking activity might have consequences for the composition of the domestic aggregate bank balance sheet.
Application of a System Engineering Framework to the Subsea Front‐End Engineering study
Authors: Engen Siv , Falk Kristin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article applies formal system engineering methods in early‐phase concept studies in the subsea oil and gas industry to identify early‐phase needs, and reduce late‐phase design changes. The oil industry is changing, demanding more cost efficient, flexible, and modularized systems. In order to improve their offering, suppliers within this industry are turning towards the systems engineering domain. To better understand the problem, we investigated the engineering processes at the supplier, went into details of technical project reports, and interviewed main stakeholders at the supplier. Based on our research we propose to adjust the early phase of the project execution process for the company, and adapt to a system engineering framework. At an early stage we recommend using unformal models to communicate decisions and to set up a foundation for applying more formal models in the later phases. A case study from field development illustrates the new process and methods. Some of these systems engineering methods have already been adopted in the company to improve the front‐end engineering studies.
Developing a Configure‐to‐Order Product in the Subsea Oil and Gas Domain
Authors: Ulsvik Ole Kaare , Falk Kristin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper explores a configure‐to‐order strategy in the subsea oil and gas industry. A major supplier in the industry is investigating standardization and modularization of their systems and products to shorten delivery times and reduce cost. Consequently, changing from an “engineer‐to‐order” to a “configure‐to‐order” strategy.We have studied part of the Subsea Production System, namely the subsea hydraulic control system and a new product development project as a basis for our research. The new product development project was our case for developing a standardized and modularized design that meets various customer needs. Applying the systems engineering framework together with lean product development principles helped us define a process to decide product specific variants of the new product through a configurator.Results from our research show that we could configure the product based on functional requirements if the engineers consider modularity during product design. The research gives strong indications that the subsea oil and gas industry can achieve significant reduction in cost and time associated with design, documentation and production of the new product by using a Configure‐to‐Order strategy.
Developing conceptual smart training system for advanced plant design and FEED engineers based on a tailored systems engineering process
Authors: Dae‐Geun Hong , Suk‐Hwan Suh , Chang‐Woo Park , Hwal‐Won Sur , So‐Yeon Kang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlobal engineering market has been growing by an average of 6% per year, and is expected to reach $1.7 trillion by 2020. With drastic expansion of the engineering market, competition between companies to win engineering contracts is becoming increasingly fierce. However, Front End Engineering Design (FEED), currently dominated by a few advanced countries, creates the highest added‐value in the in plant construction industry. In the domestic plant engineering industry, it is difficult to acquire its own technology capability and experience due to lack of experience and shortage of experts in advanced design fields such as basic design and FEED. To achieve competitiveness with the advanced countries, it is necessary to establish smart training system for advanced plant design and FEED engineers. So, this study aims to propose the tailored systems engineering approach for developing a plant design education system for plant designers and FEED engineers, and to apply the proposed approach to a Korean case study, Smart‐PETS that learns design knowledge based on educational content and experience based on design stage for chemical plant.
Creating and Applying A3 Architecture Overviews: A Case Study in Software Development
Authors: Viken Anders , Muller Gerrit 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe observed in our company that the commissioning phases of projects were inefficient when it came to effort, measured in hours. In order to meet this challenge, the management team decided to create a software program that would enable shipyard engineers to perform software changes by themselves directly in the automation systems. By enabling shipyard engineers, the goal is to save valuable person‐hours on each commissioning phase.The A3 report is a tool that can be used in most problem‐solving situations. It can be used both as a way of structuring thinking and as a tool for communication and learning. After Toyota's success of using it as a tool for problem solving and report writing, many other domains have adopted the A3 report as a structured problem‐solving approach.In this study, the author explains how A3 reports can facilitate validation and communication during system design of a software program. During software development, the project team used the A3 reports when discussing the software internally and with stakeholders. Observations recorded during this study indicate that the A3 report is a valuable tool for sharing ideas and capturing feedback, both in planned and spontaneous sessions. This study also explains how the format of the A3 report can encourage reading and writing of documentation in hectic industrial settings.
Safety Analysis in Early Concept Development and Requirements Generation
Authors: Leveson Nancy G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper shows how a new hazard analysis technique, STPA (System Theoretic Process Analysis), can be used to generate high‐level safety requirements early in the concept development phase that can then assist in the design of the system architecture. These general, system‐level requirements can be refined using STPA as decisions are made. The process goes hand‐in‐hand with design and the rest of the lifecycle as STPA can be used to provide information to assist in decision‐making throughout the development and even operations phases. STPA also fits into a model‐based engineering process as it works on a model of the system (which is also refined as design decisions are made) although that model is different than the architectural models usually proposed for model‐based system engineering today. The process promotes traceability throughout the development process so decisions and designs can be changed with minimum requirements for redoing previous analyses. Finally, while this paper describes the approach with respect to safety, it can be applied to any emergent system property.