bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of latent hematopoietic progenitor cells in cultures of newborn and adult baboon liver
Authors: Roodman GD , VandeBerg JL , Kuehl TJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The anatomic site of hematopoiesis changes during fetal development from the yolk sac to the liver and finally to the marrow. Factors controlling this switch in the site of hematopoiesis are unknown. We assayed erythroid colony (CFU-E) and erythroid burst (BFU-E) formation in fetal, newborn, and adult baboon liver and marrow to determine the growth requirements of primate hematopoietic progenitor cells from different anatomic sites and developmental stages. We cocultured fetal, newborn, and adult liver and marrow nonadherent cells with adherent cells from these organs to assess the role adherent cells may play in determining the site of hematopoiesis. Fetal liver, fetal marrow, newborn marrow, and adult marrow cultures formed CFU-E and BFU-E colonies in vitro. In contrast, newborn and adult liver cell cultures very rarely formed colonies. However, when newborn or adult liver nonadherent cells were cocultured with marrow adherent cells, CFU-E and BFU-E colonies were detected. The colonies that formed in the newborn and adult liver cultures were derived from the liver and not from the marrow cells or peripheral blood trapped in the liver. These data suggest that in contrast to fetal liver, newborn and adult liver may not be hematopoietic organs in normal primates in vivo because of changes in the growth requirements of hematopoietic progenitor cells present in these organs.
Changes in intracellular Mg adenosine triphosphate and ionized Mg2+ during blood storage: detection by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Bock JL , Wenz B , Gupta RK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to measure changes in intra-erythrocyte Mg adenosine triphosphate (MgATP) and free Mg2+ during blood storage at 4 degrees C in standard citrate preservation media. The extent of Mg2+ complexation of ATP and the concentration of free Mg2+ were measured from the Mg2+-dependent chemical shift differences, at 22 degrees C, between the P beta and P alpha resonances of intracellular ATP. This difference changed from 721.0 +/- 1.4 Hz (mean +/- SE) on the day of collection to 741.0 +/- 3.4 Hz after three to seven days and 774.0 +/- 2.8 Hz after 11 to 40 days storage in either acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) or citrate-phosphate- dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1). Changes in intracellular pH, detected from shifts in the intracellular Pi resonance, averaged 0.27 units after 11 to 40 days of storage. These data indicate a sizable decrease in the extent of Mg2+ complexation of ATP, and a decrease by a factor of 2.6 in free Mg2+, during the shelf-life of blood stored in ACD or CPDA-1.
LAV/HTLV III presence in peripheral blood lymphocytes of seropositive young hemophiliacs
Authors: Gomperts ED , Feorino P , Evatt BL , Warfield D , Miller R , McDougal JS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recent studies indicate a high prevalence of seropositivity to the lymphadenopathy-associated virus/human T-lymphotropic virus (type III) among individuals with hemophilia exposed to clotting factor concentrates prepared from large donor pools. The peripheral blood lymphocytes of 19 young seropositive patients with inherited bleeding disorders were examined for the presence of this virus by coculture with phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Viral isolates were obtained from six of 19 patients. While none of these patients have developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex, five of them had lymphadenopathy in two noncontiguous areas, and two showed clinically symptomatic enlarged tonsils and adenoids. Of the 13 patients in whom virus was not demonstrated, five were judged clinically normal and five had mild lymphadenopathy in one anatomical area. These results suggest that as many as 33% of hemophiliacs (six of 19 patients studied), who have circulating antibodies to mature viral proteins, have viral-infected peripheral blood lymphocytes capable of infecting other lymphocytes in vitro.
Hemolytic Disease and Polycythemia in Parabiosis Intoxication
Authors: CHUTE ROSANNA N. , SOMMERS SHELDON C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Disharmoniouns parabiotic rats were studied, which had clinical, hematologic, pathologic and serologic evidences of blood incompatibility, isohemagglutinin hypersensitization and hemolytic anemia. Spherocytosis and increased incomplete isohemagglutinin antibodies, demonstrated by indirect Coombs-type agglutinations and with trypsinized rat erythrocytes, were found in both parabionts. One partner became anemic with reticulocytosis, erythroblastosis, bone marrow necrobiosis, reactive hematopoietic hyperplasia and enhanced extramedullary hematopoiesis. The other parabiont showed lymphoid and reticulo-endothelial hyperplasia, leukocytoid lymphocytosis and erythrophagocytosis. It was plethoric with polycythemia, increased blood volume and high blood pressure. The polycythemia was explained by mechanical trapping of sludged antibody-coated incompatible erythrocytes, which the reticulo-endothelial system was inadequate to process. Complicating hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuric nephrosis developed. Other manifestations of parabiosis intoxication are briefly discussed.
A Hemorrhagic Diathesis Due to a Qualitative Platelet Defect
Authors: SUSSMAN LEON N. , WALD NIEL , ROSENTHAL ROBERT L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A patient with hemorrhagic diathesis associated with a prolonged clotting time is presented.
2. The clotting defect was corrected by normal and hemophiliac blood and normal platelet-containing plasma but was not corrected by idiopathic thrombocytopenic blood or by normal and leukemic platelet-poor plasmas as measured by the prothrombin consumption test.
3. The clotting defect appears most likely to be due to platelets which are defective in that area of platelet activity concerned with the activation of thromboplastinogen to form thromboplastin.
Effects of Cortisone and Hydrocortisone on the Numbers of Thoracic Duct Lymphocytes
Authors: HUNGERFORD GERALD F. , REINHARDT WILLIAM O. , LI CHOH HAO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of cortisone and hydrocortisone on the levels of thoracic duct lymphocytes have been studied in normal and hypophysectomized rats under standardized conditions. It is shown that:
1. Four hours after its administration, hydrocortisone causes a marked thoracic duct lymphocytopenia, the effect being even more marked in hypophysectomized than in normal rats.
2. At comparable dose levels, hydrocortisone is demonstrably and significantly more effective in producing a thoracic duct lymphocytopenia than is cortisone.
The Metabolic Displacement of Folic Acid by Aminopterin
Authors: SWENDSEID MARIAN E. , SWANSON ANN LOUISE , MILLER STANLEY , BETHELL FRANK H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The amount of Aminopterin excreted during treatment with this antagonist has been measured in 9 leukemia patients. It was found that considerable although variable amounts were retained in the body and that the smallest amounts were excreted by patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia. Urinary excretion of Aminopterin continued at a significant level for a period of at least six days after a course of therapy.
Following Aminopterin therapy, there was an increase in folic acid excretion as compared to the excretion of this vitamin prior to antagonist administration.
These data suggest that there is a metabolic displacement of folic acid by Aminopterin.
In Vitro Erythrophagocytosis in Acquired Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: ZINKHAM WILLIAM H. , DIAMOND LOUIS K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It has been found that marked erythrophagocytosis occurred when the buffy coats of 3 patients with idiopathic acquired hemolytic anemia were incubated at 37 C. for one hour. It is suggested that this technic may be used as another in vitro method of demonstrating abnormalities of the red cells in patients with acquired hemolytic anemia, as well as other conditions in which there is damage or alteration of the red cells.
Transfer of Myelogenous Leukemia Induced by Gastric Instillation of Methylcholanthrene in Wistar Rats
Authors: SHAY HARRY , GRUENSTEIN MARGOT , HARRIS CHARLES , GLAZER LILLIAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A third case of myelogenous leukemia that followed the gastric instillation of methylcholanthrene in Wistar rats is herein recorded. These 3 cases represent the first instances of myelogenous leukemia produced in rats by carcinogens that answer all the criteria for a true myelogenous leukemia; namely, positive peripheral blood picture, bone marrow, tissue infiltration and transferability.
A high percentage of transfer of the myelogenous leukemia was obtained with peripheral blood given intraperitoneally to very young animals of our random bred colony. Successful transfer was also accomplished to very young rats of the Long Evans and Sherman strains. While none of the three animals in which myelogenous leukemia was induced showed any green coloration, all transfers developed as chloroleukemia. Animals with leukemia will be made available to investigators.
Case Report: Hypersplenism
Authors: WIARD BARBARA A. , ROBBINS STANLEY L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of hypersplenism giving rise to a panhematopenia is presented with complete postmortem study. Its association with rheumatoid arthritis permits it to be classified as a Felty’s syndrome. There was histologic evidence to support both of the now existing concepts of the mechanism by which splenic hyperactivity effects its cytopenias. Marked phagocytosis of both red and white cells was noted in the spleen. There was, in addition, similar phagocytic activity throughout the entire R-E system. Equal support for the hypothesis that splenic hyperfunction depresses or blocks bone marrow function was adduced from the finding of a complete maturation arrest of the white cell series of the bone marrow at the myelocytic level.
A third factor, to the best of our knowledge never previously identified in cases of hypersplenism, was also present. This was a circulating substance which produced active lysis of normal white cells and must have contributed to the leukopenia.
The anatomic observations in this case raise the possibility that generalized R-E hyperfunction and not simply splenic hyperfunction may be of significance in the production of cytopenias in some of the patients with so called hypersplenism.
Experiments on Plasma Clot Contraction
Authors: STILL BESSIE M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Clot contraction was found to be associated with the action of whole, adhesive platelets. It was proportional to the number of adhesive platelets and not to the total number of platelets. It was inversely proportional to the fibrinogen concentration and a direct relationship was shown between the fibrinogen concentration and the number of platelets necessary to promote any fixed level of clot contraction.
2. Clot contraction could not be promoted solely by proteolytic agents and no association could be traced between clot contraction and proteolysis.
3. These findings are discussed with reference to the views concerning the mechanism of clot contraction.
The Immediate Hematologic Effects of Intravenous Saccharated Iron Oxide
Authors: WHITE L. P. , BIERMAN H. R. , KELLY K. H. , BYRON R. L. , CORDES F. L. , LITTMAN A. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Saccharated ferric oxide in colloidal suspension was administered intravenously on 17 occasions to 13 patients in doses of 100 to 1,000 mg. A prompt arterial leukopenia, followed within 30 to 90 seconds by a similar fall in the venous blood, was observed in all patients who received more than 200 mg. of iron. This leukopenia involved all white cell types.
2. The magnitude of the fall in leukocytes was directly proportional to the amount of material injected, and independent of the rate of injection under the conditions of the study.
3. There was no significant change in the platelet number in arterial or venous blood of 4 patients. In 2 patients an increased clotting power of venous blood containing large amounts of iron was observed only during the period of injection.
4. The colloidal nature of the material is probably the responsible factor in producing the leukopenia.
Case Report: Aplastic Anemia with Platelet Thrombi
Authors: FRUMIN ABRAHAM M. , CONSTON ALFRED S. , MERANZE DAVID R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A case of aplastic anemia with platelet thrombi is presented.
2. The developmental features of this anemia are stressed and comparisons made with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
3. The role of platelet thrombi in other conditions are briefly reviewed.
Cyclic Neutropenia with Giant Follicular Lymphoblastoma and Lymphosarcoma
Authors: NATELSON ROBERT P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A case of the rare disorder cyclic neutropenia with giant follicular lymphoblastoma and lymphosarcoma is reported.
2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone administration during a neutropenic phase resulted in a further depression of the total leukocyte count and no significant change in the already very low neutrophil count. Cortisone did not prevent or ameliorate a recurrence of neutropenia.
3. Splenectomy resulted in less depression of the total leukocyte and neutrophil values and a considerable amelioration of the symptoms during the continued cycles; however, because of the short follow-up, a definite statement on the long range value of splenectomy cannot be made.
4. The pathogenesis of cyclic neutropenia is discussed with particular reference to its relationship to lymphoma and hypersplenism.
The Significance of Stainable Iron in Sternal Marrow Sections
Authors: HUTCHISON H. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The amount of stainable iron in sternal aspirates has been estimated by the use of the prussian blue reaction. The superiority of histologic sections over smears for the purpose of iron staining has been stressed. The results of applying this simple histochemical test routinely to sections prepared from 141 marrow samples are described. It is shown that in disorders of the blood the procedure provides a simple means for the control of iron therapy. Not only does it indicate when iron is required but also when enough has been given and so can be used to obviate the danger of overdosage whets iron is being administered by the intravenous route. The method is put forward as a possible means of distinguishing the hypochromic anemias of chronic intoxication from those due to iron deficiency.
The Myeloproliferative Disorders With Special Reference to Myelofibrosis
Authors: HUTT M. S. R. , PINNIGER J. L. , WETHERLEY-MEIN G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The clinical, hematologic and histologic findings in 10 patients with primary proliferative marrow disorders are presented.
2. It is considered that these findings indicate that myelofibrosis, myeloid leukemia, megakaryocytic myelosis and probably polycythemia vera are similar and related processes.
3. It is suggested that this relationship may be regarded as an example of a proliferative or neoplastic process involving multipotential primitive mesenchymal cells.
4. The significance of splenomegaly in myelofibrosis, the nature of extramedullary hemopoiesis and the relationship between this group of marrow disorders and the primary lymph node tumours are briefly discussed.
The Value of Routine Bone Marrow Culture for Histoplasma Capsulatum in Pediatric Hematology
Authors: ROHN ROBERT J. , BOND WILLIAM H. , HAYNES EDITH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Of 76 bone marrow cultures in pediatric patients with a variety of hematologic abnormalities, 5 (6.5 per cent) yielded H. capsulatum.
2. Methods used and brief case reports were described.
3. In 2 of the 5 cases with histoplasmosis, organisms were observed on direct examination of the marrow and cultures were only of confirmatory value.
4. In the remaining 3 patients with histoplasmosis, direct examination of marrow showed no features which distinguished them from the 71 negatives.
In these 3 bone marrow culture was the only means by which diagnosis could be established.
5. In no instance in which a negative bone marrow culture for H. capsulatum was obtained, was histoplasmosis diagnosed by other methods.
6. We are of the opinion that while routine marrow culture for H. capsulatum is of little value in adults, it is of considerable value for case finding in infants and children.
Immunologic Studies of Hemoglobins
Authors: CHERNOFF AMOZ I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Antisera to hemoglobin solutions obtained from normal adult, cord blood and sickle cell anemia erythrocytes have been prepared by immunizing rabbits with adjuvant mixtures. Furthermore, anti F hemoglobin sera have been similarly prepared by using purified fetal hemoglobin. A species specific anti guinea pig hemoglobin serum was also developed.
2. Although anti F hemoglobin sera appear to be specific for fetal hemoglobin, no such immunologic specificity could be detected between anti A and anti SCA sera obtained from rabbits.
3. It is suggested that sera prepared by using hemoglobin solutions obtained from normal and sickle cell anemia erythrocytes may contain anti F antibodies in addition to anti A and anti S precipitins and that fetal hemoglobin may be present in many human adult blood specimens.
Concentration of Intrinsic Factor and Vitamin B12-Binding Activities of Fractions of Desiccated Hog Stomach
Authors: PRUSOFF W. H. , WELCH A. D. , HEINLE R. W. , MEACHAM G. C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fractionation of desiccated defatted hog stomach through the use of isoelectric and ammonium sulfate precipitation technics, and guided by assays in patients with pernicious anemia in relapse given daily oral doses of 5 µg. of vitamin B12, has led to the concentration of intrinsic factor activity in an amount of protein equivalent to 0.03 per cent of the original weight of crude material. The electrophoretic pattern of this active fraction indicated a lack of homogeneity.
The vitamin B12-binding activities of three fractions obtained by precipitation with ammonium sulfate were investigated by microbial inhibition and dialysis methods. There was no correlation between the ability of the fractions to bind vitamin B12 and to exert intrinsic factor activity. Among these fractions, that with the highest intrinsic factor activity in patients with pernicious anemia in relapse bound the least amount of vitamin B12.
The Immunologic Specificity of Antiserum for Trypsin-Treated Red Blood Cells and Its Reactions with Normal and Hemolytic Anemia Cells
Authors: DODD MATTHEW C. , WRIGHT CLAUDE-STARR , BAXTER J. ALBERT , BOURONCLE BERTHA A. , BUNNER ALVINZA E. , WINN HENRY J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Rabbits were immunized with both normal (Nrbc) and trypsinized (Trbc) human red blood cells and the antisera examined with normal, trypsinized, periodate-treated, and hemolytic anemia cells.
2. Absorption studies showed the presence of a fraction in both anti-Trbc and anti-Nrbc that was specific for trypsinized cells.
3. This T cell specific fraction from anti-Trbc serum (anti-TE) did not agglutinate or sensitize normal red blood cells, but agglutinated periodate-treated cells. This latter specificity was shown to be a part of the modification produced by trypsinization.
4. Anti-TE also agglutinated the cells of fifteen of nineteen patients with acquired hemolytic anemia and three of thirteen cases of hereditary spherocytosis.
5. Antibody for trypsinized and normal cells was also detected in antiserum to normal cells. Absorption data suggested the presence in this antiserum of antibody with a dual specificity for both types of cells.
6. The role of the antigenic modifications produced by trypsin in red cell immunization and in hemolytic anemia is discussed.
Studies on Platelets
Authors: PISCIOTTA ANTHONY V. , STEFANINI MARIO , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The morphologic characteristics of the megakaryocytes were studied in fourteen normal or nonthrombocytopenic individuals, in nine patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (I.T.P.), in two individuals with pernicious anemia, and in two normal individuals in whom thrombocytopenia was temporarily induced by the administration of plasma from a patient with a circulating high-titer platelet agglutinin. Phase contrast microscopy was used on unfixed, unstained materials.
2. The characteristics observed in normal megakaryocytes and in those from patients with I.T.P. confirmed data previously obtained with the use of fixed and stained material. In I.T.P. the bone marrow megakaryocytic series presented the following significant findings: (a) an increase in the number of the megakaryocytes, particularly of the younger forms. Young forms were particularly prominent in I.T.P. of the "acute" variety. (b) Production of platelets by promegakaryocytes, the platelets appearing large and bizarre. (c) Lack of platelet formation at the periphery of the cell and lack of granularity in the outer layer of the mature megakaryocyte. (d) Presensce of marked degenerative changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the megakaryocytes. The abnormalities observed suggested the possibility of a double mechanism: one in which the circulating platelets were injured, the other in which the megakaryocyte itself was attacked.
3. In a patient with a high-titer circulating platelet agglutinin the alterations of the megakaryocytes were fundamentally similar, although the granularity of the cytoplasm appeared to be less affected and the degenerative changes more pronounced. Similar abnormalities could be reproduced in the normal individuals receiving the patient's plasma. These results again suggested that, at least in those cases of I.T.P. in which the thrombocytopenia was due to a circulating antiplatelet factor, this acted by: (a) attacking the platelets being discharged from the megakaryocyte; (b) preventing the normal formation of platelets; (c) preventing the normal development of the megakaryocyte from younger to more mature forms.
The balanced and the unbalanced chromosome aberrations of acute myeloid leukemia may develop in different ways and may contribute differently to malignant transformation
Authors: Pedersen-Bjergaard J , Rowley JD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two general types of clonal chromosome abnormality are observed in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML): the unbalanced aberrations with visible gain or loss of chromosome material and the balanced aberrations without such visible gain or loss. AML can be induced by therapy with cytostatic drugs and radiation. The alkylating agents reacting directly with DNA induce AML which often presents as myelodysplasia with unbalanced aberrations, primarily loss of chromosome material. Cytostatic agents targeting DNA-topoisomerase II, frequently administered together with alkylating agents or cisplatin, induce the same type of leukemia. In addition, they often induce another type with a more rapid onset and with specific balanced chromosome aberrations rarely observed after therapy with alkylating agents alone. All of the most important chromosome aberrations found in de novo AML are now also found in therapy-related AML (t-AML); thus, t- AML may serve as a model in the search for mechanisms leading to the development of AML in general. Unbalanced chromosome aberrations with partial deletions or with loss of whole chromosomes may develop as a result of alkylation of DNA or other cellular targets. Balanced chromosome aberrations, on the other hand, may develop as illegitimate recombinations related to the activity of DNA-topoisomerase II. The balanced translocations contribute to malignant transformation by the formation of abnormal chimeric genes, whereas deletions may contribute by the loss of putative tumor suppressor genes. In either situation, the chromosome changes provide the altered cells with a proliferative advantage compared with normal cells.