bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROS-based lethality ofC. elegansmitochondrial electron transport mutants grown onE. colisiderophore iron release mutants
Authors: Govindan J. Amaranath , Jayamani Elamparithi , Ruvkun Gary 
Published: July 2019

AbstractC. elegansconsumes bacteria which can supply essential vitamins and cofactors especially for mitochondrial functions ancestrally related to bacteria. Therefore, we screened the KeioE. coliknockout library for mutations that induce aC. elegansmitochondrial damage response gene. We identified 45E. colimutations that induce a theC. elegans hsp-6::gfpresponse gene. Surprisingly, four of theseE. colimutations that disrupt the import or removal of iron from the bacterial siderophore enterobactin were lethal in combination withC. elegansmutations that disrupt particular iron-sulfur proteins of the electron transport chain. Bacterial mutations that fail to synthesize enterobactin are not synthetic lethal with theseC. elegansmitochondrial mutants; it is the enterobactin-iron complex that is lethal in combination with theC. elegansmitochondrial mutations. Antioxidants suppress this inviability, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the mutant mitochondria in combination with the bacterial enterobactin-iron complex.Significance StatementThe animal mitochondrion has a bacterial origin and continues to have a dialogue with the bacterial metabolisms of their microbiome. We identified 45E. coligene disruptions that induce aC. elegansmitochondrial damage response gene. Four of theseE. colimutations that disrupt the import or retrieval of iron from the siderophore enterobactin were synthetic lethal withC. elegansmitochondrial mutants. Antioxidants strongly suppressed the inviability ofC. elegansmitochondrial mutants grown on theE. colienterobactin siderophore utilization or import mutants. We hypothesize that reactive oxygen species are produced by C. elegans mitochondrial mutations and that this non-lethal ROS triggers ferric-chelated enterobactin to induce dramatically increased ROS, which leads to lethality.
Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) is both necessary and sufficient for testicular differentiation in Chinese soft-shelled turtlePelodiscus sinensis
Authors: Zhou Yingjie , Sun Wei , Cai Han , Bao Haisheng , Zhang Yu , Qian Guoying , Ge Chutian 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMüllerian-inhibiting substance (Mis, or anti-müllerian hormone,Amh), a member of TGF-β superfamily, as initiator or key regulator in sexual development has been well documented in some vertebrates, especially in fish. However, its functional role has not been identified yet in reptiles. Here we characterized theMisgene in Chinese soft-shelled turtlePelodiscus sinensis (P. sinensis), a typical reptilian species exhibiting ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes. The mRNA ofMiswas initially expressed in male embryonic gonads by stage 15, preceding gonadal sex differentiation, and exhibited male-specific expression pattern throughout embryogenesis. Moreover,Miswas rapidly up-regulated during female-to-male sex reversal induced by aromatase inhibitor letrozole. Most importantly,Misloss of function by RNA interference led to complete feminization of genetic male (ZZ) gonads, suppression of the testicular markerSox9, and upregulation of the ovarian regulatorCyp19a1. Conversely, overexpression ofMisin ZW embryos resulted in female-to-male sex reversal, characterized by the formation of testis structure, ectopic activation ofSox9, and a remarkable decline inCyp19a1. Collectively, these findings provide the first solid evidence thatMisis both necessary and sufficient to drive testicular development in a reptilian species,P. sinensis, highlighting the significance of the TGF-β pathway in reptilian sex determination.
Design of fluid components using the topological optimization method
Authors: Ruspini L.C. , Dari E. , Padra C. , Paissan G.H. , Salva N.N. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present applications of the topological optimization method dealing with fluid dynamic problems in two- and three dimensions. The main goal is to develop a tool package able to optimize topology in realistic devices (e.g. inlet manifolds) considering the non-linear terms on Navier–Stokes equations.

Design/methodology/approach
Using an in-house Fortran code, a Galerkin stabilized finite element is implemented method to solve the three equation systems necessary for the topological optimization method: the direct problem, adjoint problem and topological derivative. The authors address the non-linearity in the equations using an iterative method. Different techniques to create holes into a two-dimensional discrete domain are analyzed.

Findings
One technique to create holes produces more accurate and robust results. The authors present several examples of applications in two- and three-dimensional components, which highlight the potential of this method in the optimization of fluid components.

Research limitations/implications
The authors contribute to the methodology and design in engineering.

Practical implications
Engineering fluid flow systems are used in many different industrial applications, e.g. oil flow in pipes; air flow around an airplane wing; sailing submarines; blood flow in synthetic arteries; and thermal and fissure spreading problems. The aim of this work is to create an effective design tool for obtaining efficient engineering structures and devices.

Originality/value
The authors contribute by creating an application of the method to design a tridimensional realistic device, which can be essayed experimentally. Particularly, the authors apply the design tool to an inlet manifold.
Review of AAC interventions in persons with dementia
Authors: May Auriel A. , Dada Shakila , Murray Janice 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCommunication is an important priority in dementia research. Communication strategies and scaffolds, specifically through augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), offer vital compensatory support for persons with dementia in an attempt to maintain the latter's quality of life and well‐being through participation with others. To date, no research review has been published that synthesizes the current research of AAC in the field of dementia.AimsTo provide an overview of current AAC strategies and techniques used for supporting communication in dementia by surveying the literature base in a systematic manner, synthesizing the findings and highlighting trends and gaps.Methods & ProceduresA multifaceted search strategy included nine electronic database searches, using specific keywords. Application of predefined selection criteria during screening procedures led to the inclusion of 39 studies. Data were extracted and studies synthesized according to communication partners; description of AAC strategies and techniques; outcome measures; and communication outcomes.Main ContributionThis review shows that the majority of the research to date has focused on supporting the interactions of persons with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) using non‐electronic memory and communication aids. Future research should focus on social participation and person‐centred communication to optimize functional communication with AAC. Training programmes targeting dyadic interaction and supporting persons with dementia from diverse ethnic backgrounds are avenues for further research.ConclusionsResearch trends and, more importantly, the gaps highlighted in this research review present speech–language therapists and researchers with a set of current priorities that are necessary for the advancement of the knowledge base.
Downregulation of vitamin D receptor and miR‐126‐3p expression contributes to increased endothelial inflammatory response in preeclampsia
Authors: Xu Jie , Gu Yang , Lewis David F. , Cooper Danielle B. , McCathran Charles E. , Wang Yuping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProblemTo investigate whether downregulation of miR‐126‐3p and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression contributes to increased endothelial inflammatory response in preeclampsia.Methods of studyMaternal vessel miR‐126‐3p expression was assessed by in situ hybridization. VDR expression and VCAM‐1 expression were determined by immunostaining. Subcutaneous adipose tissue sections from normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women were used. HUVECs from normotensive deliveries were used to test anti‐inflammatory effects of vitamin D and miR‐126‐3p in endothelial cells (ECs) treated with TNFα in vitro. 1,25(OH)2D3 was used as bioactive vitamin D. Transient overexpression of miR‐126‐3p in ECs was induced by transfection of pre‐mir‐126 precursor. Endothelial VCAM‐1 and SOCS‐3 expression or production was determined by Western blotting or by ELISA, respectively.ResultsReduced VDR and miR‐126‐3p expression, but increased VCAM‐1 expression, was observed in maternal vessel endothelium in tissue sections from women with preeclampsia compared to normotensive pregnant controls. Transient overexpression of miR‐126‐3p not only attenuated upregulation of VCAM‐1 expression and production, but also preserved downregulation of SOCS‐3 expression, induced by TNFα in ECs. VDR expression and miR‐126‐3p expression were significantly upregulated in cells treated with 1,25(OH)2D3, but not in cells transfected with VDR siRNA.ConclusionDownregulation of VDR and miR‐126‐3p expression was associated with upregulation of VCAM‐1 expression in systemic vessel endothelium in preeclampsia. The finding of increased anti‐inflammatory property by 1,25(OH)2D3 through promotion of VDR and miR‐126‐3p expression in ECs provide plausible evidence that vitamin D deficiency and downregulation of VDR expression could contribute to increased inflammatory phenotypic changes in maternal vasculature in preeclampsia.
Associations of dietetic management with maternal and neonatal health outcomes in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Absalom G. , Zinga J. , Margerison C. , van der Pligt P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn 2010, the recommended diagnostic thresholds for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were amended, which has increased GDM diagnoses, as well as pressure on the services involved in GDM management, specifically impacting dietetic workloads. The present study examined the associations between dietetic intervention in women with GDM and maternal and neonatal health outcomes.MethodsThe present study involved 1233 adult women with GDM who delivered at The Royal Women's Hospital (RWH), Melbourne, Australia, between July 2015 and May 2017. Retrospective data assessing GDM‐care (therapy type, diagnosis time and model of care, maternal and neonatal health outcomes, and outpatient dietetic consultations) were retrieved from patient medical records. Unadjusted and adjusted linear and logistic regression were used to assess associations of GDM care dietetic intervention and GDM care and dietetic intervention with maternal and neonatal health outcomes.ResultsWomen receiving dietetic intervention had a decreased likelihood of infant admission to the neonatal intensive care unit or special care nursery than women who not receiving dietetic intervention [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22–0.75; P = 0.004). Women requiring pharmacotherapy were more likely to experience maternal complications (adjusted OR = 3.13, 95% CI = 2.23–4.41; P < 0.001) and had a greater number of dietetic consultations (β‐coefficient = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.17–0.39; P < 0.001) compared to women managed through diet.ConclusionsDietetic intervention plays a key role in optimising maternal and neonatal health outcomes for women with GDM. Exploring further the impact of dietetic intervention in women diagnosed with GDM is key with respect to understanding the optimal delivery of care for these women. The type and number of consultations included in a dietetic intervention should be investigated further.
Kinetics of hepatitis B surface antigen quasispecies during REP 2139‐Ca therapy in HBeAg‐positive chronic HBV infection
Authors: Usman Zainab , Mijočević Hrvoje , Karimzadeh Hadi , Däumer Martin , Al‐Mathab Mamun , Bazinet Michel , Frishman Dmitrij , Vaillant Andrew , Roggendorf Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic HBV infection results in various clinical manifestations due to different levels of immune response. In recent years, hepatitis B treatment has improved by long‐term administration of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) and peg‐interferon. Nucleic acid polymers (NAPs; REP 2139‐Ca and REP 2139‐Mg) are new antiviral drugs that block the assembly of subviral particles, thus preventing the release of HBsAg and allowing its clearance and restoration of functional control of infection when combined with various immunotherapies. In the REP 102 study (NCT02646189), 9 of 12 patients showed substantial reduction of HBsAg and seroconversion to anti‐HBs in response to REP 2139‐Ca, whereas 3 of 12 patients did not show responses (>1 log reduction of HBsAg and HBV DNA from baseline). We characterized the dynamic changes of HBV quasispecies (QS) within the major hydrophilic region (MHR) of the ‘pre‐S/S’ open reading frame including the ‘a’ determinant in responders and nonresponders of the REP 102 study and four untreated matched controls. HBV QS complexity at baseline varied slightly between responders and nonresponders (P = .28). However, these responders showed significant decline in viral complexity (P = .001) as REP 2139‐Ca therapy progressed but no significant change in complexity was observed among the nonresponders (P = .99). The MHR mutations were more frequently observed in responders than in nonresponders and matched controls. No mutations were observed in ‘a’ determinant of major QS population which may interfere with the detection of HBsAg by diagnostic assays. No specific mutations were found within the MHR which could explain patients’ poor HBsAg response during REP 2139‐Ca therapy.
Direct immunofluorescence is of limited utility in patients with low clinical suspicion for an oral autoimmune bullous disorder
Authors: Bresler Scott C. , Bavarian Roxanne , Granter Scott R. , Woo Sook‐Bin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesOral autoimmune bullous disorders show clinical overlap with diseases such as lichen planus and others that may cause desquamative gingivitis. As direct immunofluorescence is expensive, we sought to determine if routine histology alone would be sufficient to distinguish between oral autoimmune bullous disorders and mimics.MethodsWe searched the records for patients with a suspected oral autoimmune bullous disorder who underwent biopsies for concurrent routine histologic evaluation and direct immunofluorescence and who had at least one follow‐up visit. Cases were separated into high and low suspicion subgroups based on clinical findings.ResultsWithin 148 cases, the sensitivity of routine histology alone was 0.810, with a negative predictive value of 0.889. However, the specificity was 0.989 with a positive predictive value of 0.979. Of the high suspicion cases, 57 (47.1%) were found to be consistent with an oral autoimmune bullous disorder, with a total of 11 histologic false negatives. 8 cases, all in the high suspicion subgroup, showed indeterminate direct immunofluorescence results. There were no histologic false negatives or inconclusive direct immunofluorescence results in the low suspicion subgroup.ConclusionsIn patients with a low clinical suspicion for an oral autoimmune bullous disorder, it is reasonable and more cost‐effective to evaluate the lesion with routine histology alone.
Spinal anesthesia compared with general anesthesia for neonates with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. A retrospective study
Authors: Sánchez‐Conde María Pilar , Díaz‐Alvarez Agustín , Palomero Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Garrido Gallego María Isabel , Martín Rollan Guillermo , de Vicente Sánchez Jesús , Laporta Báez Yolanda , Vaquero Roncero Luis Mario , Rodríguez López José María 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundStudies of spinal anesthesia in children are limited to a reduced group of high‐risk patients and it remains relatively underused compared with general anesthesia in this age group in most institutions. In our experience, spinal anesthesia appears to be a good alternative to general anesthesia during pyloromyotomy in neonates and infants.AimsThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate respiratory morbidity of spinal anesthesia compared to general anesthesia in infants undergoing pyloromyotomy.MethodsThe University Hospital of Salamanca used spinal or general anesthesia on infants undergoing pyloromyotomy between 2003 and 2017. The primary outcome assessed was the prevalence of apnea. The second one was the prevalence of oxygen saturation below 95%. An analysis was performed using t test or Mann‐Whitney U test for continuous variables, and Chi‐square for categorical variables. Logistic regression was done to account for differences in demographic and clinical covariates.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 68 infants and neonates undergoing pyloromyotomy (48 with spinal anesthesia and 20 with general anesthesia). There was a significant difference in apneic episodes after surgery between general (number/percentage = 5/20, 25%) and spinal (number/percentage = 0/48, 0%) groups. Absolute risk reduction is 25% (CI 95%: 6%‐44%), P < .001.ConclusionSpinal anesthesia in neonates with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis undergoing pyloromyotomy was a viable alternative to general anesthesia, reducing the respiratory morbidity associated with the latter.
Determination of cell expansion and surface molecule expression on anti‐CD3/28 expanded CD4+ T cells
Authors: Thitilertdecha Premrutai , Poungpairoj Poonsin , Tantithavorn Varangkana , Ammaranond Palanee , Onlamoon Nattawat 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCD4+ T cell immunotherapy has potential for treatment in HIV‐infected patients. A large number of expanded CD4+ T cells and confirmation of functional‐related phenotypes are required for ensuring the successful outcomes of treatment. Freshly isolated CD4+ T cells from healthy donors were activated with anti‐CD3/28‐coated magnetic beads at different bead‐to‐cell ratios and cultured in the absence and presence of IL‐2 supplementation for 3 weeks. Fold expansion, cell viability, growth kinetic and lymphocyte subset identities were determined. Data demonstrated that a 1:1 bead‐to‐cell ratio rendered the highest expansion of 1044‐fold with 88% viability and 99.5% purity followed by the 2:1 and 0.5:1 ratios. No significant difference in proliferation and phenotypes was found between non–IL‐2 and IL‐2 supplementation groups. Several specific surface molecule expressions of the expanded cells including chemokine receptors, adhesion molecules, co‐stimulatory molecules, activation molecules, maturation markers, cytokine receptors and other molecules were altered when compared to the unexpanded cells. This optimized expansion protocol using the 1:1 bead‐to‐cell ratio of anti‐CD3/28‐coated magnetic beads and culture condition without IL‐2 supplementation provided the satisfactory yield with good reproducibility. Specific surface molecule expressions of the expanded cells presented potential roles in proliferation, differentiation, homeostasis, apoptosis and organ homing.
A Study of the Incidence of the Minor Psychoses—their Clinical and Industrial Importance
Authors: Culpin Millais 
Published: July 2019

An inquiry into telegraphists' cramp showed an unsuspected prevalence of psychoneurotic symptoms among a control group of presumably healthy people. Learners in the school of telegraphy contained 19 per cent. of subjects having symptoms of significant severity. These people with symptoms of minor psychoses are probably subject to excessive loss of time through illness. Records of various establishments show extraordinary variations in the gross amount of illness and also in its nature. Hence the investigation was now directed towards ascertaining the proportion of the population suffering from the minor psychoses, distribution in different occupations, and the probable influence of occupation in determining the incidence of psychoneurotic illness. The inquiry consisted of personal interviews with voluntary subjects and tests with the McDougall-Schuster dotting machine. The method of examination is described and some observations are made on day-dreaming at work, the effect of noise, and the reaction of ex-Service men towards their war experiences. These three phenomena are found to vary according to the temperament of the subject. Subjects are put in six groups assessed according to absence of symptoms or to their degree. A few examples of the major psychoses were met with and are excluded from the general statistics. Description of the dotting test. Its results are found to be correlated with those of the psychological examination. Examples are given of hysteria, of hysteria with anxiety, of pure anxiety, and of obsessional states. Obsessional subjects produce extremely good dotting records, surpassing those of normal people. The different groups are now classified according to their assessments. Roughly, 50 per cent. of the total number examined are found to be free from symptoms. There is some variability between different groups, but sickness rates seem to be independent of the number of minor psychoses that are found in each group. Laundry workers have as large a percentage of high assessments as clerical workers, but illness rates are low. Satisfaction of the workers with their work seems an important factor in illness. Since the incidence of the minor psychoses varies little from group to group, and does not seem to be statistically related to the incidence of psychoneurotic illness, other factors must be at work and should be investigated.
The Hæmorrhagic Diathesis
Authors: Tidy H. Letheby 
Published: July 2019

The primary purpuras form a single clinical entity. Variations in the number of platelets can occur without the production of hæmorrhages. These variations are the result of the condition of the capillaries and are not the cause of hæmorrhages. The platelets may vary in any form of purpura, primary or secondary. The essential cause of the hæmorrhagic state is a defect or increased permeability of the capillary endothelium. Purpura is allied to urticaria, the Henoch-Schönlein type being an intermediate state.