bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUMOylation of AL6 regulates seed dormancy and thermoinhibition in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jing Hua , Liu Wei , Qu Gao‐Ping , Niu De , Jin Jing Bo 
Published: November 2024

Summary
DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) is a critical regulator of seed dormancy and seed thermoinhibition. However, how DOG1 expression is regulated by post‐translational modifications and how seeds transmit the high‐temperature signal to DOG1 remain largely unknown.
ALFIN1‐like 6/7 (AL6/7) was previously found to repress DOG1 expression during seed imbibition. Here, we found that AL6/7 represses seed dormancy partly by downregulating DOG1 expression. AtSIZ1, a SUMO E3 ligase, interacts with AL6 and mediates its SUMOylation mainly at the lysine 181 residue. SIZ1‐mediated SUMOylation of AL6 is required for repression of DOG1 transcription and seed dormancy. SUMOylation of AL6 is required for its association with the DOG1 locus and protects it from ubiquitination and subsequent 26S proteasome‐mediated protein degradation.
High temperatures decrease SUMOylation levels of AL6, resulting in downregulation of AL6 protein levels and an increase in DOG1 transcription, which consequently causes reduced seed germination.
Taken together, these results demonstrate that reversible SUMOylation of AL6 fine‐tunes DOG1 expression, which is required for precise establishment of seed dormancy and inhibition of seed germination under high‐temperature conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Protective effects of exercise on responses to combined social and environmental stress in prairie voles
Authors: Kovalev Dmitry S. , Amidei Alex , Akinbo‐Jacobs Oreoluwa I. , Linley Jessica , Crandall Teva , Endsley Linnea , Grippo Angela J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe combination of social and environmental stressors significantly influences psychological and physical health in males and females, and contributes to both depression and cardiovascular diseases. Animal models support these findings. Voluntary exercise may protect against some forms of stress; however, the protective effects of exercise against social stressors require further investigation. This study evaluated the influence of exercise on the impact of combined social and environmental stressors in socially monogamous prairie voles. Following a period of social isolation plus additional chronic environmental stress, prairie voles were either allowed access to a running wheel in a larger cage for 2 weeks or remained in sedentary conditions. A behavioral stress task was conducted prior to and following exercise or sedentary conditions. Heart rate (HR) and HR variability were evaluated after exercise or sedentary conditions. Group‐based analyses indicated that exercise prevented elevated resting HR and promoted autonomic control of the heart. Exercise was also effective against social and environmental stress‐induced forced swim test immobility. Some minor sex differences in behavior were observed in response to exercise intensity. This research informs our understanding of the protective influence of physical exercise against social and environmental stressors in male and female humans.
Asymmetric role of energy sources on economic growth of Nigeria: Evidence from nonlinear approaches
Authors: Saliminezhad Andisheh , Birnintsaba Dahiru Alhaji‐Bala , Ozdeser Huseyin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNigeria has plentiful sources of renewable energies that are yet to be efficiently utilised, despite the country committing to net‐zero emissions by 2060, declared at the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2021, which necessitates lower consumption of fossil fuels. However, this commitment may divert the country from ending poverty as the main goal of sustainable development. This study seeks to identify the asymmetric effects of renewable and non‐renewable sources of energy used in electricity generation, along with CO2 emissions on the economic growth of Nigeria through asymmetric approaches. The findings indicate that Nigeria should mainly pursue policies concentrating on increased consumption of non‐renewable energies in the short run and more renewable energy in the long run to achieve higher economic growth. Furthermore, the long run causality results approving the only feedback relationship existing between renewable energy and economic growth, paves the way for Nigeria so that over the time the country will be able to significantly increase the share of renewable energy through which it can achieve a higher level of economic growth and approach its target of net‐zero emissions by 2060, both of which are the main goals of sustainable development.
3D‐Printed Metacarpal Prosthesis in the Treatment of Primary Osteosarcoma of the First Metacarpal: A Novel Surgical Technique
Authors: He Xuanhong , Tian Leilei , Zou Chang , Lu Minxun , Li Zhuangzhuang , Kenmegne Guy Romeo , Wang Yitian , Luo Yi , Zhou Yong , Min Li , Tu Chongqi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveOsteosarcoma at the first metacarpal is extremely rare. Reconstructing the metacarpal after tumor resection is essential, as the thumb accounts for approximately 40%–50% of hand function. Although autografts, arthroplasty, and transposition have been reported as reconstruction options, their use is limited by complications such as secondary injury, nonunion, and displacement. In this study, we present a case of a patient with first metacarpal osteosarcoma who underwent tumor resection followed by reconstruction with a 3D‐printed metacarpal prosthesis. We tend to introduce a novel strategy to reconstruct the first metacarpal and restore the hand function.MethodsA 30‐year‐old male with 5‐month history of first metacarpal swelling in the left hand was admitted to our center. Imaging examinations and incision biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of intramedullary well‐differentiated osteosarcoma. A 3D‐printed metacarpal prosthesis was then designed to achieve carpometacarpal (CMC) joint fusion and thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint reconstruction. Postoperative evaluations included X‐ray and tomosynthesis‐shimadzu metal artifact reduction technology (T‐SMART) imaging to assess bone‐prosthesis integration. Hand function was measured using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score.ResultsThe tumor was completely resected, and a 3D‐printed metacarpal prosthesis was performed to reconstruct the tumor defect. Postoperative imaging showed that the interface between bone and prosthesis was integrated and that there was no loose, displacement, or fracture of the implant. At the last follow‐up, the patient had an MSTS score of 25/30 and a DASH score of 8/100. The range of motion on thumb MCP joint was 30° of flexion and 0° of extension. The Kapandji thumb opposition score was 4 points. The grip strength was 9 kg (compared to 30 kg on the contralateral side) and the key‐pinch strength was 3 kg (compared to 8 kg on the contralateral side).Conclusion3D‐printed metacarpal prosthesis could be an effective reconstruction option for patients with low‐grade malignant tumors. Themulti‐planar fixation achieved through 3D surgical planning helps maintain thumb function and restore overall hand function.
Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm Is Associated With Lower Incidence of Stroke in Patients With Drug‐Refractory Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kim Soohyun , Kim Kyung An , Park Soyoon , Kim Hwajung , Choi Young , Oh Yong‐Seog , Kim Sung‐Hwan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesRecent studies have demonstrated that early rhythm control for first‐line treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) improved cardiovascular outcomes. However, there is limited data regarding the long‐term outcome of patients who failed antiarrhythmic drugs and who refuse radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).MethodsPatients with AF who were refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs and had refused further rhythm control attempts via RFCA were retrospectively identified and propensity‐score (PS) matched with those who had been treated with RFCA. The primary outcome of interest was all‐cause mortality or ischemic stroke.ResultsA total of 169 patients who refused rhythm control with RFCA and PS matched 169 patients who had been treated with RFCA were included for analysis. During a mean follow‐up of 4.3 (2.3;6.9) years, maintenance of sinus rhythm was more achieved in RFCA group (7 [4.1%] in Refuse group vs. 133 [78.7%] in RFCA group, p < 0.001). The incidence of ischemic stroke was significantly higher in patients who refused RFCA compared with patients who underwent RFCA (2.96 per 100 person‐years in the Refused group vs. 0.74 per 100 person‐years in the RFCA group, log‐rank p < 0.001), but all‐cause mortality was not significantly different (log‐rank p = 0.8). Refusal of attempted rhythm control via RFCA was an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke on multivariate Cox analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–8.53, p = 0.02).ConclusionIn patients with antiarrhythmic drug‐refractory AF, the risk of stroke was significantly higher in patients who refused rhythm control via RFCA compared with that of those treated with RFCA.
Whole‐Genome Identification of the Flax Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Family and Functional Analysis of the LuFAD2.1 Gene Under Cold Stress Conditions
Authors: Lu Jianyu , Xiaoyang Chunxiao , Li Jinxi , Wu Hanlu , Wang Yifei , Di Peng , Deyholos Michael K. , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFatty acid desaturase (FAD) is essential for plant growth and development and plant defence response. Although flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important oil and fibre crop, but its FAD gene remains understudied. This study identified 43 LuFAD genes in the flax genome. The phylogenetic analysis divided the FAD genes into seven subfamilies. LuFAD is unevenly distributed on 15 chromosomes, and fragment duplication is the only driving force for the amplification of the LuFAD gene family. In the LuFAD gene promoter region, most elements respond to plant hormones (MeJA, ABA) and abiotic stresses (anaerobic and low temperature). The expression pattern analysis showed that the temporal and spatial expression patterns of all LuFAD genes in different tissues and the response patterns to abiotic stresses (heat and salt) were identified. Subcellular localisation showed that all LuFAD2‐GFP were expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. RT‐qPCR analysis revealed that LuFAD2 was significantly upregulated under cold, salt and drought stress, and its overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced cold tolerance genes and reduced ROS accumulation. This study offers key insights into the FAD gene family's role in flax development and stress adaptation.
Wheat Tae‐MIR1118 Constitutes a Functional Module With Calmodulin TaCaM2‐1 and MYB Member TaMYB44 to Modulate Plant Low‐N Stress Response
Authors: Zhang Yanyang , Ma Chunying , Li Xiangqiang , Hou Xiaoyang , Wang Ziyi , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhang Chunlin , Shi Xinxin , Duan Wanrong , Guo Chengjin , Xiao Kai 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDistinct target genes are modulated by microRNA members and affect various biological processes associated with abiotic stress responses in plants. In this study, we characterized a functional module comprising miRNA/target and a downstream MYB transcription factor partner, Tae‐MIR1118/TaCaM2/TaMYB44, in Triticum aestivum to mediate the plant low‐nitrogen (N) stress response. Dual luciferase (LUC) assay and expression analysis indicated that TaCaM2 is regulated by Tae‐MIR1118 through a posttranscriptional cleavage mechanism. Reporter LUC activity in N. benthamiana leaves co‐transformed with effector CaMV35S::Tae‐MIR1118 and reporter TaCaM2::LUC was significantly reduced, and the transcripts of Tae‐MIR1118 and TaCaM2 in tissues exhibited converse expression patterns under varying N levels. Specifically, the transcripts of Tae‐MIR1118 decreased, whereas those of TaCaM2 increased under low‐N stress in a temporal‐dependent manner. Yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assays indicated that TaCaM2 interacted with the MYB transcription factor TaMYB44. Transgene analysis revealed the negative roles of Tae‐MIR1118 and the positive functions of TaCaM2 and TaMYB44 in regulating plants for low‐N stress adaptation by modulating glutamine synthetase activity, N uptake capacity, and root morphology. Yeast one‐hybrid, transcriptional activation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP‐PCR) assays indicated that TaMYB44 could bind to the promoters of genes TaGS2.2, TaNRT2.1, and TaPIN4 and induce transcription of these stress‐defensive genes. Knockdown of these three genes reduced GS activity, N accumulation, and root growth traits in plants subjected to N starvation. The yield in the wheat variety panel was highly correlated with the transcripts of Tae‐MIR1118, TaCaM2, and TaMYB44 in plants cultured under N‐deprived field conditions. A major haplotype of Tae‐MIR1118, TaMIR1118‐Hap1, enhanced the low‐N stress tolerance of plants. Our findings indicate that the Tae‐MIR1118/TaCaM2/TaMYB44 pathway primarily affects the low‐N response of plants by modulating associated physiological processes.
Fungal endophyte symbionts enhance plant adaptation in Antarctic habitats
Authors: Acuña‐Rodríguez Ian S. , Ballesteros Gabriel I. , Gundel Pedro E. , Castro‐Nallar Eduardo , Barrera Andrea , Carrasco‐Urra Fernando , Molina‐Montenegro Marco A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite their genetic adaptation to local conditions, plants often achieve ecological success through symbiotic associations with fungal endophytes. However, the habitat‐specific functionality of these interactions and their potential to drive plant adaptation to new environments remain uncertain. In this study, we tested this using the vascular flora of the Antarctic tundra (Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica), an extreme environment where fungal endophytes are known for playing important ecological roles. After characterizing the root‐associated fungal endophyte communities of both species in two distinct Antarctic terrestrial habitats—hill and coast—we experimentally assessed the contribution of fungal endophytes to plant adaptation in each habitat. The field reciprocal transplant experiment involved removing endophytes from a set of plants and crossing symbiotic status (with and without endophytes) with habitat for both species, aiming to assess plant performance and fitness. The diversity of root fungal endophytes was similar between habitats and mainly explained by plant species, although habitat‐specific endophyte community structures were identified in D. antarctica. Endophytes significantly influenced C. quitensis homeostatic regulation, including oxidative stress and osmotic control, as well as plant fitness in both environments. By contrast, the effect of endophytes on D. antarctica was particularly evident in coastal sites, suggesting an endophyte‐mediated improvement in local adaptation. Altogether, our results suggest that the two Antarctic vascular plant species follow different strategies in recruiting and developing functional symbiosis with root‐associated fungal communities. While C. quitensis is more generalist, D. antarctica establishes specific interactions with habitat‐specific microbial symbionts, predominantly in the most stressful environmental context.
The effect of information, motivation and behavioural skills model‐based Diabetes Education and Motivational Interview Program on health outcomes in middle‐aged adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled study
Authors: Kılınç İşleyen Eda , Kartal Asiye 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundMany models and theories are used to increase the self‐management of individuals with type 2 diabetes. This study aims to examine the effect of information, motivation, behavioural skills (IMB) model‐based diabetes education and motivational interviewing program on health belief, self‐efficacy, self‐management, and metabolic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodThe study is a single‐blind, randomised controlled trial. The study was conducted between 2021 and 2022 with intervention (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). The intervention group applied the diabetes education and motivational interviews program for 12 weeks that was created based on the IMB model. The study data were collected with a socio‐demographic questionnaire, Diabetes Knowledge Scale, Health Belief Scale, Self‐Efficacy Scale, and Self‐Management Scale.ResultsIn the post‐test and follow‐up measurements, the mean scores of the intervention group on the knowledge, health belief, self‐efficacy, and self‐management scale were significantly higher than those of the control group, while the HbA1c% and body mass index (BMI) values of the intervention group showed a significant decrease over time. However, there was no difference between the groups in the post‐test BMI and HbA1c% values.ConclusionThe nurse‐led intervention was found to be effective in increasing information, health belief, self‐efficacy, self‐management, and decreasing HbA1c%, BMI in adults with type 2 diabetes.Study RegistrationThe study was registered in ClinicalTrials NCT05030844.
Maternal–Fetal Blood Flow and Progesterone Concentration in Ewes Sheared at Mid or Late‐Pregnancy
Authors: Rodriguez Mariana Garcia Kako , Bottino Juan Pedro , Frisch María Jesús , Ratto Marcelo , Neimaur Karina , Cal‐Pereyra Luis , Freitas‐de‐Melo Aline , Ungerfeld Rodolfo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThese studies aimed to determine if shearing ewes at the second or last third of gestation modify the uterine and placentome blood flow, placentome size, and maternal progesterone concentration. Pregnant ewes were assigned to four groups of 12 ewes each according to the gestation period: mid‐pregnancy sheared (on day 90 of pregnancy) or unshorn group; and late‐pregnancy sheared group (on day 121 of pregnancy) or unshorn group. In both experimental periods, using spectral Doppler ultrasonography, placentomes and uterine artery blood flow and placentome size were evaluated 14 days before and 6 days after shearing. An additional measurement was performed 26 days after shearing in mid‐pregnant ewes. Serum progesterone concentration was measured before shearing 4, 24, 72 h, and 22 days after shearing. The uterine artery's end‐diastolic velocity (EDV) tended to be greater in the sheared than in the non‐sheared ewes (p = 0.1). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and EDV of placentome increased (p = 0.05 and p = 0.008, respectively) on day 26, accompanied by an increase in placentome area (p = 0.035) in mid‐pregnant ewes. In late‐pregnant ewes, uterine artery and placentome blood flow and size did not vary. Progesterone concentration varied with time but was not affected by shearing. In conclusion, shearing triggered an increase in placentome size and some changes in blood flow only when ewes were sheared during the second third of their pregnancy. Shearing ewes either the second or last third of gestation did not affect uterine artery blood flow and progesterone secretion.
Adjuvant alum regulates the eIF2a‐GATA3 axis in CD4+ T cells to influence allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Feng Yan , Zhang Zhishou , Huangfu Hui , Han Haiyang , Xie Bailing , Song Shuo , Liu Tao , An Yunfang , Yang Pingchang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAllergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) is an aetiology‐targeting therapy for allergic diseases. The therapeutic mechanism of AIT is not fully understood yet. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. This study aims to elucidate the effects of AIT on suppressing allergic response through regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. In this study, patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were recruited. AIT was conducted for the patients. An allergic rhinitis (AR) mouse model was established with mite extracts as allergens. We found that AIT modulated the endoplasmic reticulum stress status in peripheral CD4+ T cells in patients with allergic rhinitis. The intensity of endoplasmic reticulum stress associated the PERK (protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase)‐eIF2a (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a) axis in CD4+ T cells was upregulated by AIT, which was closely associated with the improvement in allergic rhinitis response after AIT. eIF2a interacted with GATA3 to downregulate the IL4 gene transcription in CD4+ T cells. High doses of aluminium hydroxide (alum) in AIT vaccines enhanced the activity of XBP1 to suppress eIF2a in CD4+ T cells. AIT containing a low dose of alum effectively mitigated the experimental allergic rhinitis, while the AIT without alum or a high dose of alum exacerbated the experimental allergic rhinitis. In conclusion, the alum adjuvant in allergen vaccines can regulate the activity of eIF2a to regulate the expression of Th2 cytokines in CD4+ T cells. Manipulating the alum dose in AIT vaccines has the potential to enhance the therapeutic effects of AIT.
Femicide: A Need for Orientation
Authors: Brodie Nechama R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFemicide can be understood as a political term rather than a legal or medico‐legal one—its contemporary use dates back to the late 1970s, when academics began to explore and define terminologies that exposed the gendered nature of violence, and that when a woman was murdered her gender was not incidental to that fact. Over the past 50 years, femicide (and, in some regions of the world, feminicide) has developed specific political, public health, criminological, and social meanings. In each of these contexts, however, the term/s remain contested, particularly when theoretical or scholarly definitions are applied equivocally between regions with relatively low prevalence of female homicides, and those with high endemic levels of fatal violence, such as in the global south. This article provides an introduction to and orientation of overarching themes, clusters and locations of study within contemporary and legacy academic literature and scholarship on femicide, including a discussion of feminicide, through a review of scholarly and institutional works, invoking frameworks of time, place, typology, discipline, and modes of injury and death.
Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes Among Patients Carrying the Protective HLA‐DQB1*06:02 Allele
Authors: Taka Antti‐Mathias , Härkönen Taina , Vähäsalo Paula , Vatanen Tommi , Lempainen Johanna , Veijola Riitta , Turtinen Maaret , Ilonen Jorma , Knip Mikael ,   the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe set out to examine in an observational study characteristics of type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis among paediatric patients carrying the protective HLA class II DQB1*06:02 allele. We compared characteristics of type 1 diabetes among 5530 Finnish children aged 0–14 years diagnosed between 2003 and 2018. Seventy‐five children with type 1 diabetes carried the DQB1*06:02 allele. The carriers of DQB1*06:02 allele were compared to all children with type 1 diabetes without this allele and those with a high‐risk genotype. We also analysed, how does the genotype of a high‐risk haplotype paired with DQB1*06:02 affect the phenotype of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Carriers of the DQB1*06:02 allele were diagnosed at an older age than those with any other HLA class II genotype (p = 0.003) or the high‐risk genotype (p < 0.001). After adjusting the results for age and sex, no significant differences in clinical markers were observed. Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) levels were higher among carriers of DQB1*06:02 when compared to those with other genotypes (p = 0.033). Having a high‐risk haplotype paired with DQB1*06:02‐positive haplotype was associated with higher levels of islet antigen 2 autoantibodies (IA‐2A) (p < 0.001) and somewhat shorter duration of symptoms (p = 0.043). The association between the protective DQB1*06:02 allele and an older age at diagnosis as well as higher levels of GADA at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was confirmed. The effects of the DQB1*06:02‐positive haplotype seem to dominate when paired with a high‐risk haplotype.