bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multigenerational effects of nickel on Daphnia magna depend on temperature and the magnitude of the effect in the first generation
Authors: Pereira Ceclia M.S. , Everaert Gert , Blust Ronny , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Ecological risk assessment is commonly based on single-generation ecotoxicological tests that are usually performed at one standard temperature. We investigated the effects of nickel (Ni) on Daphnia magna reproduction at 15, 20, and 25 °C over 4 generations. Multigenerational Ni effects on D. magna reproduction depended on the magnitude of the effect in the first generation (F0) and showed very different patterns at different temperatures. At low effect level concentrations (&lt;10% effect concentration [EC10] in F0), chronic Ni toxicity at 15 and 20 °C did not increase over 4 generations, and the increase in Ni toxicity at 25 °C observed in F1 and F2 in some Ni treatments did not persist into F3, where complete recovery of reproduction was observed. At higher effect level concentrations, the multigenerational Ni effects depended on the test temperature. In F0, Ni toxicity was 6.5-fold lower at 25 °C than at 15 °C (based on the median effect concentration), but the temperature effect on Ni toxicity was not explained by differences in Ni accumulation. At a lower temperature, lower internal Ni concentrations in D. magna were necessary to induce the same Ni toxicity as at a higher temperature. Overall, our results indicate that low single-generation chronic effect concentrations of Ni in D. magna (EC10 in the present study) are also protective in a long-term, multigenerational context and that temperature should be taken into account in the ecological risk assessment of Ni. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1877–1888 © 2018 SETAC
Identification of key aroma compounds in raw and roasted lily bulbs (Bai He)
Authors: Chiang Nancy , Ho Chi Tang , Munafo John P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLily bulbs (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.), known as ‘Bai He’ in Chinese, are a popular ingredient used in Asian cooking. Despite their popularity, little is known about the odorants responsible for their distinct aroma. The key aroma‐active compounds present in both raw and roasted lily bulbs were isolated by solvent extraction followed by solvent‐assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE) and gas chromatography–olfactometery (GC/O) analysis. A comparative aroma extract dilution analysis (cAEDA) in the flavour dilution (FD) factor range from ≥1 to 1024 resulted in 48 aroma‐active compounds reported in L. longiflorum bulbs for the first time. The highest FD factors in raw lily bulbs were determined for (E)‐hex‐3‐enal (green, FD 1024) and 3‐methylsulfanylpropanal (cooked potato‐like, FD 1024), followed by 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐3‐oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (eucalyptus‐like, FD 256) and 2‐phenyl acetaldehyde (floral, FD 256). Following roasting, odorants with high FD values in raw lily bulbs decreased in intensity. The thermal treatment resulted in the generation of 34 aroma‐active compounds. Aroma‐active compounds with FD factors of ≥1024 in roasted lily bulbs were identified as 1‐(3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐5‐yl)ethan‐1‐one (roasty), 3‐methylsulfanylpropanal (cooked potato‐like), 2‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazine (earthy), 2,3‐diethyl‐5‐methylpyrazine (earthy), 3‐hydroxy‐4,5‐dimethyl‐2(5H)‐furanone (maple‐like), 2‐ethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐2H‐furan‐5‐one (maple‐like), and 2‐methoxy‐4‐[(E)‐prop‐1‐enyl]phenol (clove‐like). In summary, the aroma‐active compounds with high FD factors in raw lily bulbs decreased significantly as a result of roasting, and a new pool of aroma‐active compounds were formed during the roasting process.
Depositional settings and changing composition of the Jambi palaeoflora within the Permian Mengkarang Formation (Sumatra, Indonesia)
Authors: Van Waveren Isabel M. , Booi Menno , Crow Michael J. , Hasibuan Fauzie , Van Konijnenburg‐Van Cittert Johanna H.A. , Perdono Andri Putri , Schmitz Mark D. , Donovan Stephen K. 
Published: March 2018

The Merangin River section in Sumatra exposes the Permian Mengkarang Formation. This is composed of eight intervals showing upwards fining and thinning of volcanic tuffs and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, overlain by their reworked alluvial products. Isotopic age evaluation of the top and the base of the Merangin section indicates an average duration of 630,000 years (from 296.77 ± 0.04 to 296.14 ± 0.09 Ma). Extrapolation of the eight intervals onto neighbouring tributaries by using earlier geological studies and the strike of the beds allows for the integration of the data assembled in recent expeditions, and those from 1925, leading to the lithostratigraphic assignment of more than 2,000 palaeobotanical specimens. The compilation of all assembled palaeobotanical data indicates there is a change in composition from a palaeoflora dominated by Cordaites, ferns, or club mosses to one in which seed ferns were dominant. These changes, coupled to eustatic sea‐level fluctuations, indicate a climatic origin for this transition and extend palaeofloral trends perceived earlier in Far Western low latitudes to the Far Eastern Palaeotethys.
Geochemistry of high‐Nb basalt‐andesite in the Erguna Massif (NE China) and implications for the early Cretaceous back‐arc extension
Authors: Liu Huichuan , Li Yinglei , Wu Liwen , Huangfu Pengpeng , Zhang Ming 
Published: March 2018

This paper presents new zircon laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry U–Pb age and whole‐rock geochemical data for the high‐Nb basalts‐andesites (HNBs) from the Meiletu Formation in NE China. In comparison with common arc basalts and Nb‐enriched basalts, the Meiletu HNBs (140 Ma) show high TiO2 (1.7–3.2 wt.%), P2O5 (0.7–1.7 wt.%), Nb (14.6–34.0 ppm), and Zr (314–600 ppm) contents, and high (Nb/Th)PM (0.26–0.91), (Nb/La)PM (0.22–0.36), Nb/U (8.2–24.8) ratios. They show strongly light rare earth element (REE) enriched chondrite‐normalized REE patterns with unusually high total REE contents [(TREE)cn = 978–1802]. Unlike adakite‐associated HNBs derived from a mantle wedge metasomatized by adakites, the Meiletu HNBs were derived from low degree (<2%) partial melting of the garnet peridotite at considerable depth (>80 km). The Meiletu HNBs were generated in an intracontinental back‐arc extension setting. Combined with previous geological observations, it is argued that Early Cretaceous tectonics of the Erguna Massif is dominated by the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic slab‐rollback and back‐arc extension.
CXCL12‐mediated feedback from granule neurons regulates generation and positioning of new neurons in the dentate gyrus
Authors: Abe Philipp , Wüst Hannah M. , Arnold Sebastian J. , van de Pavert Serge A. , Stumm Ralf 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAdult hippocampal neurogenesis is implicated in learning and memory processing. It is tightly controlled at several levels including progenitor proliferation as well as migration, differentiation and integration of new neurons. Hippocampal progenitors and immature neurons reside in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and are equipped with the CXCL12‐receptor CXCR4 which contributes to defining the SGZ as neurogenic niche. The atypical CXCL12‐receptor CXCR7 functions primarily by sequestering extracellular CXCL12 but whether CXCR7 is involved in adult neurogenesis has not been assessed. We report that granule neurons (GN) upregulate CXCL12 and CXCR7 during dentate gyrus maturation in the second postnatal week. To test whether GN‐derived CXCL12 regulates neurogenesis and if neuronal CXCR7 receptors influence this process, we conditionally deleted Cxcl12 and Cxcr7 from the granule cell layer. Cxcl12 deletion resulted in lower numbers, increased dispersion and abnormal dendritic growth of immature GN and reduced neurogenesis. Cxcr7 ablation caused an increase in progenitor proliferation and progenitor numbers and reduced dispersion of immature GN. Thus, we provide a new mechanism where CXCL12‐signals from GN prevent dispersion and support maturation of newborn GN. CXCR7 receptors of GN modulate the CXCL12‐mediated feedback from GN to the neurogenic niche.
Electrophysiological changes in poststroke subjects with depressed mood: A quantitative EEG study
Authors: Wang Chunfang , Chen Yuanyuan , Sun Changcheng , Zhang Ying , Ming Dong , Du Jingang 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundWe aimed to explore the electrophysiological changes in poststroke subjects with depressed mood.MethodsResting‐state electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of 16 electrodes in 35 poststroke depressed, 24 poststroke nondepressed, and 35 age‐matched healthy control subjects were analyzed by means of spectral power analysis, a quantitative EEG measurement of different frequency bands. The relationship among depressed mood, functional status, lesion side, and poststroke time was assessed by using variance and Spearman correlation analysis. Multiple analysis of variance was used to compare the differences among the 3 groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to establish a regression model to predict depressed mood in stroke subjects and to explore the association between depression and EEG band power. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to estimate the ability of spectral power selected by binary logistic regression to indicate depressed mood in stroke subjects.ResultsWe found that the hemisphere in which the lesion was located and the time since stroke onset had no effect on depressed mood. Only the patient's functional status was related to emotional symptoms. Quantitative EEG analysis revealed increased delta, theta, and beta2 power in stroke subjects with depressed mood, particularly in temporal regions. The theta and beta2 power in the right temporal area were shown to be highly sensitive to depressed mood, and these parameters showed good discriminatory ability for depressed subjects following stroke.ConclusionDepressed mood after stroke is associated with functional status. Quantitative EEG parameters may be a useful tool in timely screening for depressed mood after stroke.
Horizon scanning implanted biosensors in personalising breast cancer management: First pilot study of breast cancer patients views
Authors: Ikegwuonu Theresa , Haddow Gill , Tait Joyce , Murray Alan F. , Kunkler Ian H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore breast cancer patients' understanding and acceptability of implanted biosensors (BS) within the primary tumour to personalise adjuvant radiotherapy, and to determine optimal design and number of BS, and evaluate potential clinical benefits as well as concerns about tolerance, toxicity, dwell time, and confidentiality of data.Patients and methodsA total of 32 patients treated by surgery (29 breast conserving, 3 mastectomy), postoperative radiotherapy and systemic therapy for early breast cancer, were recruited from a posttreatment radiotherapy clinic at a cancer centre. Patients participated in semistructured interviews. Interview transcripts were analysed using qualitative methods.ResultsParticipants were aged 39 to 87 years, with a median age of 62 years. Most (N = 23[72%]) were unfamiliar with biosensors. The majority (N = 29[90.6%]) were supportive of the technology's potential use in future breast cancer treatment and were willing to accept biosensors (N = 28[88%]) if they were endorsed by their breast cancer consultant. Only 3 patients expressed concerns, predominantly about uncertainties on their role in the diagnostic and treatment pathway. Patients were flexible about the size and shape of BS, but had a preference for small size (N = 28 [87.5%]). Most (N = 22[69%]) would accept implantation of more than 5 BS and were flexible (N = 22[69%]) about indefinite dwell time. Patients had a strong preference for wireless powering of the BS (N = 28[87.5%]). Few had concerns about loss of confidentiality of data collected. All patients considered biosensors to be potentially of important clinical benefit.ConclusionsWhile knowledge of biosensors was limited, patients were generally supportive of biosensors implanted within the primary tumour to collect data that might personalise and improve breast cancer radiotherapy in future.
Comparison of the Aptima HIV‐1 Quant Dx assay with the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV‐1 v2.0 Test for HIV‐1 viral load quantification in plasma samples from HIV‐1–infected patients
Authors: Longo Serena , Bon Isabella , Musumeci Giuseppina , Bertoldi Alessia , D'Urbano Vanessa , Calza Leonardo , Re Maria Carla 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsHIV‐1 RNA viral load (VL) in plasma samples of HIV‐1–positive patients is used to assess the level of viral replication, the risk of disease progression, and the response and efficacy to antiretroviral treatment. Knowing the performance of different tests for HIV‐1 RNA detection is, therefore, important for clinical care. This study compared the performance of the recently introduced Aptima HIV‐1 Quant Dx assay (Hologic, Inc) and the standard COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV‐1 v2.0 Test (CAP/CTM2) (Roche Molecular System, Inc) for HIV‐1 RNA quantitation.MethodsAssay performance was assessed using 335 clinical samples, a standard HIV‐1 low VL panel, and 2 diluted samples from well‐characterized patients infected with different HIV‐1 subtypes tested in 5 replicates over 3 days. All samples were tested on both assays to evaluate inter‐assay agreement, both qualitatively and quantitively. Altogether, we evaluated assay sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, and reproducibility.ResultsAssay agreement for qualitative results in 335 clinical samples was fair (80.6%). Correlation of quantitative assay results (n = 164) was excellent (R2 = 0.97), with 96.3% of the results within the 95% limit of assay agreement (−0.42 to +0.86 log), and 98.8% within 1 log of each other. Aptima‐HIV‐1 yielded results, on average, 0.22 log higher than CAP/CTM2. Both assays accurately quantitated the HIV‐1 standard at low VL (R2 ≥ 0.94), with all samples within 0.5 log of the target.ConclusionAptima‐HIV‐1 assay demonstrated sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, and precision for the detection and quantitation of HIV‐1 RNA across a wide dynamic range of VLs. Its performance, together with full automation and high throughput, suggests that Aptima‐HIV‐1 could be a suitable assay for reliable monitoring of HIV‐1 VL in patients undergoing treatment.
Public policy and financial stability: The impact of PCA and TARP on U.S. bank non‐performing loans
Authors: Jiang Chunxia , Kanas Angelos , Molyneux Philip 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study explores the implications of prompt corrective action and the Troubled Asset Relief Program on the behaviour of non‐performing loans (NPLs) and real estate non‐performing loans (RELs) in the United States over 1984–2015 using a Markov switching framework. We find that NPLs and RELs exhibit pronounced episodic behaviour switching between non‐stationary and stationary regimes. Prompt corrective action and the Troubled Asset Relief Program have a significant impact on banking sector stability by influencing the probability of switching from non‐stationary regimes to stationary regimes and by reducing the level of NPLs and RELs. These results are robust to various model specifications and have important implications for bank regulation as well as for the formulation of macro stress testing.
Investigating Wind Damage of Centre Pivot Irrigators and Farmers' Reactions
Authors: Safa Majeed , KC Birendra 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn 2013 (September and October) Canterbury, New Zealand, observed devastating gales, with highly varied wind speeds ranging around 150–250 km h‐1. Over 800 centre pivot irrigators were damaged in just 2 days (10 and 11 September 2013). A second windstorm occurred on 14 October 2014, which exacerbated the situation. In 2014, Lincoln University conducted a survey of the farmers in Canterbury, New Zealand, to understand and investigate the windstorm damage to centre pivot irrigators and farmers' responses. There was a big difference between attitudes of farmers who either could or could not protect their irrigators. The majority of the farmers had limited information about their irrigators and they underestimated the windstorm. The windstorm damage occurred overnight, making it difficult to tackle the problem. The information from this study could contribute to developing an action plan to reduce windstorm damage on farms with centre pivot irrigators. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memantine protects against ischemia/reperfusion‐induced brain endothelial permeability
Authors: Liu Yingying , Huang Yudiao , Xu Yueyue , Qu Peng , Wang Minghua 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIncreased transendothelial permeability and subsequent blood–brain barrier damage play a key role in the pathological progression of human brain ischemia and secondary reperfusion. Memantine is a licensed drug providing clinically relevant efficacy in patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, little information is known regarding its effects on brain endothelial permeability. In this study, we investigated the effects of memantine on endothelial permeability and the underlying mechanisms in an ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury model in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells. First, we found that memantine treatment prevented I/R‐induced expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β at both the mRNA and the protein levels. Additionally, our results indicate that memantine treatment significantly reduced endothelial monolayer permeability after I/R by increasing the expression of tight junction protein occludin and the adherens junction protein VE‐cadherin. In addition, we found that memantine reduced the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 but not MMP‐9 after I/R. Memantine also elevated the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase‐2. Mechanistically, we found that memantine increased the expression of the transcriptional factor Krueppel‐like factor 2 (KFL2) through activating extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK5). In conclusion, our results identified a novel function of memantine in maintaining brain vascular barrier function and suggested that memantine might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of stroke. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(4):336–343, 2018
Tributyltin stimulates synthesis of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha in human lymphocytes
Authors: Lawrence Shanieek , Ismail Farah , Jamal Sarah Z. , Whalen Margaret M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTributyltin (TBT) is found in human blood and other tissues and thus is of considerable concern as to its effects on human health. Previous studies have demonstrated that TBT has detrimental effects on immune function. Recently, we found that exposures to TBT caused increased secretion of two important proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ). Elevation of either of these cytokines has the potential to cause chronic inflammation, which is an important factor in a number of diseases including cancer. The current study examined the mechanism of TBT‐induced elevations of TNFα and IFNγ secretion and found that the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway was essential to the ability of TBT to stimulate secretion. Additionally, this study demonstrated that increased secretion of these cytokines was due to TBT‐induced increases in their overall synthesis, rather than simply being due to an increase in the release of already formed proteins. The TBT‐induced increases in synthesis were evident within 6 hours of exposure. The p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway is also necessary for the TBT‐induced increases in both TNFα and IFNγ synthesis. The role of increased transcription of TNFα and IFNγ mRNA in response to TBT exposures as a possible explanation for the increased synthesis of these cytokines was also examined. It was found that increased mRNA levels did not appear to explain fully the increases in either TNFα or IFNγ synthesis. Thus, TBT is able to increase secretion of two important proinflammatory cytokines by increasing their synthesis.
When psychology and politics commingle
Authors: Birbilis Jean M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPsychologists’ work is always impacted by political events. Donald Trump's election raised many questions regarding my work with clients and students. How would they be impacted? What would they need? How would I respond? How transparent would I be? Students needed to process it. Most clients wanted to talk about it. However, reactions and needs of those who wanted to talk about it varied, and a few did not want to talk about it at all. Nevertheless, the election has been a royal road to the therapeutic alliance and interventions with clients, and it has been a path to deeper learning for students.
Utility of the Outcome Questionnaire‐45.2 in outpatient anxiety clinics: A comparison between anxiety patients with and without co‐occurring depression
Authors: Levy Hannah C. , Billingsley Amber L. , Springer Kristen S. , Hannan Scott , Das Akanksha , Tolin David F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe Outcome Questionnaire‐45.2 (OQ‐45) is a self‐report measure of general psychological distress. Although intended to be transdiagnostic, the OQ‐45 may be best conceptualized as a measure of depression; as such, its utility in assessing other symptoms such as anxiety is unclear.MethodWe examined scores on the OQ‐45 in a sample of 329 patients with anxiety and related disorders, half of whom had co‐occurring depression.ResultsEighty‐two percent of patients scored above the OQ‐45 cutoff, whereas 18% were incorrectly screened out. Patients with co‐occurring depression were more likely to score above the OQ‐45 cutoff than nondepressed patients. Depression severity predicted many of the OQ‐45 scales, even after controlling for anxiety severity. By contrast, most of the anxiety‐specific measures failed to predict the OQ‐45 after controlling for depression severity.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the OQ‐45 may not adequately capture anxiety symptoms and are discussed in terms of diagnostic screening and assessment.
Peritraumatic distress: A review and synthesis of 15 years of research
Authors: Vance Mary C. , Kovachy Benjamin , Dong Melissa , Bui Eric 
Published: March 2018

AbstractContextAlthough the subjective trauma exposure criterion was removed from the DSM‐5 criteria set for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), emerging literature suggests that peritraumatic distress may be useful in predicting outcomes after exposure to a stressful event.MethodWe conducted a comprehensive review of the literature examining the association between peritraumatic distress and PTSD and other psychiatric outcomes. The 57 studies herein varied in both experimental design and target populations.ResultsForty‐eight studies found associations between peritraumatic distress and PTSD outcome measures, 23 found associations between peritraumatic distress and other psychiatric outcomes, and three found associations between peritraumatic distress and PTSD‐related symptoms or other psychiatric outcomes after non‐Criterion A stressful events by DSM‐5 criteria.ConclusionPeritraumatic distress is associated with PTSD symptom severity, other psychiatric symptoms, and severity of PTSD‐related symptoms after exposure to non‐Criterion A events, suggesting that peritraumatic distress is a risk factor for various psychiatric outcomes and furthering our understanding of the impact of subjective experience on trauma psychopathology.