bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources and sinks of CO2 and CH4 in siliciclastic subterranean estuaries
Authors: Pain Andrea J. , Martin Jonathan B. , Young Caitlin R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic production of greenhouse gases (GHGs) has intensified the need to constrain estimates of natural atmospheric sources from both terrestrial and marine systems. Estuaries are known sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4); however, less is known about GHG dynamics in subterranean estuaries (STEs). We evaluate CO2 and CH4 dynamics in three proximal STEs bordering Indian River Lagoon, Florida, where groundwater flows through siliciclastic sediments with minor carbonate mineral contents. Although the three STEs have similar mineralogical and flow characteristics, CO2 and CH4 concentrations vary by orders of magnitude. Nonconservative mixing of both gases is observed, and CH4 is generally produced while CO2 is sequestered. The extent of methanogenesis is linked to the redox potential of inflowing groundwaters, as well as degree of CH4 oxidation, which results mostly from anaerobic oxidation of methane. Methane concentrations vary by orders of magnitude, and stable isotopic signatures suggest differences in the microbial production pathway between sites. CO2 is sequestered due to the production of alkalinity relative to dissolved inorganic carbon, which occurs both through rapid CaCO3 dissolution at the shoreline as low‐pH groundwater from the siliciclastic aquifer interacts with carbonate minerals in lagoon sediments, as well as redox reactions, particularly sulfate reduction and denitrification. These results demonstrate a high variability in CO2 and CH4 concentrations, and thus fluxes, even among geographically constrained and hydrogeologically similar STEs. Although STEs are sources of both CO2 and CH4 to surface waters, the variability of production and consumption complicates global estimates of GHG fluxes from STEs.
What the bubble knows: Lake methane dynamics revealed by sediment gas bubble composition
Authors: Langenegger T. , Vachon D. , Donis D. , McGinnis D. F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAtmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations have more than doubled in the past ~ 250 yr, although the sources of this potent greenhouse gas remain poorly constrained. Freshwaters contribute ~ 20% of natural CH4 emissions, about half attributed to ebullition. Estimates remain uncertain as ebullition is stochastic, making measurements difficult, time consuming, and costly with current methods (e.g., floating chambers, funnel gas traps, and hydroacoustics). We present a novel approach to quantify basin‐wide hypolimnetic CH4 fluxes at the sediment level based on measurements of bubble gas content and modeling of dissolved pore‐water gases. We show that the relative ebullition flux pathway can be resolved by knowledge of only bubble gas content. As sediment CH4 production, diffusion, and ebullition are interrelated, the addition of a second observation allows closing the entire sediment CH4 balance. Such measurements could include bubble formation depth, sediment diffusive fluxes, ebullition, sediment CH4 production, or the hypolimnetic CH4 mass balance. The measurement of bubble gas content is particularly useful for identifying local ebullitive hotspots and integrating spatial heterogeneity of CH4 fluxes. Our results further revealed the crucial effect of water column depth, production rates, and hypolimnetic dissolved CH4 concentrations on sediment CH4 dynamics. Although we apply the model to cohesive sediments in an anoxic hypolimnion, the model can be applied to shallow, oxic settings by altering the CH4 production rate curve to account for oxidation. Utilizing our approach will provide a deeper understanding of in‐lake CH4 budgets, and thus improve CH4 emission estimates from inland freshwaters at the regional and global scales.
Challenges and Obstacles of Long‐Term Home Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Kumpf Vanessa J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPatients receiving long‐term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and clinicians managing their care face complex challenges not fully addressed by existing clinical practice guidelines. This review aims to increase awareness of some of the challenges encountered when managing patients receiving HPN and provide strategies for management. The ability to optimally manage these patients starts with involvement of a qualified team of clinicians, which is sometimes difficult to find. There are unique challenges related to the parenteral nutrition (PN) prescribing and compounding process that are not typically encountered with inpatient use. Clear communication is required between the HPN prescriber/team and the home infusion pharmacist to prevent errors related to misinterpretation of the order and PN product shortages. Dependency on HPN and living with chronic disease create a number of psychosocial, financial, and other lifestyle restrictions that can negatively impact a patient's quality of life. HPN nonadherence is a challenge that complicates the clinician's ability to accurately assess and make appropriate adjustments to therapy. HPN adherence may be improved by incorporating a patient‐centered approach to care that allows patients to prioritize those issues most meaningful and valuable to them. Patient‐centered care also encourages self‐care and relies on a high level of HPN education. Clinicians are encouraged to use an interactive interview style when engaging patients to prioritize goals of care and make self‐motivated decisions for change. In spite of challenges, HPN therapy has allowed patients the ability to maintain adequate nutrition and thrive in the home setting when the oral/enteral route fails.
Compressive properties of magnetorheological elastomer with different magnetic fields and types of filler
Authors: Lee Jin Yong , Kumar Vineet , Lee Dong‐Joo 
Published: February 2019

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) specimens were prepared to find the optimum compressive characteristics using different types and amounts of iron powder. A magnetic field of up to 2 T was applied during vulcanization. Among the four types of iron powders, the specimen with round‐shaped carbonyl iron powder and small grain size shows higher magnetic effects than that with bigger and irregularly shaped electrolyte iron powder. However, the compressive modulus of the rubber with electrolyte iron powder is higher without magnetic treatment at a given amount. In general, the bigger and irregularly shaped iron particles tend to move slowly and produce nonuniform distribution when a magnetic field is applied. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties are better when applying a magnetic field of 1.5 T compared with 2.0 T during the specimen vulcanization. Applying a magnetic field of 300 mT during the compression test enhanced the compressive modulus by 12% to 15%. The rate of increase of the modulus decreased exponentially with prestrain.
Evaluating the electrochemical properties of PEO‐based nanofibrous electrolytes incorporated with TiO2 nanofiller applicable in lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Banitaba Seyedeh Nooshin , Semnani Dariush , Rezaei Behzad , Ensafi Ali Asghar 
Published: February 2019

In the present work, nanofibrous composite polymer electrolytes consist of polyethylene oxide (PEO), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were designed using response surface method (RSM) and synthesized via an electrospinning process. Morphological properties of the as‐prepared electrolytes were studied using SEM. FTIR spectroscopy was conducted to investigate the interaction between the components of the composites. The highest room temperature ionic conductivity of 0.085 mS.cm−1 was obtained with incorporation of 0.175 wt. % TiO2 filler into the plasticized nanofibrous electrolyte by EC. Moreover, the optimum structure was compared with a film polymeric electrolyte prepared using a film casting method. Despite more amorphous structure of the film electrolyte, the nanofibrous electrolyte showed superior ion conductivity possibly due to the highly porous structure of the nanofibrous membranes. Furthermore, the mechanical properties illustrated slight deterioration with incorporation of the TiO2 nanoparticles into the electrospun electrolytes. This investigation indicated the great potential of the electrospun structures as all‐solid‐state polymeric electrolytes applicable in lithium ion batteries.
The pathological features of regulated necrosis
Authors: Tonnus Wulf , Meyer Claudia , Paliege Alexander , Belavgeni Alexia , von Mässenhausen Anne , Bornstein Stefan R , Hugo Christian , Becker Jan Ulrich , Linkermann Andreas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNecrosis of a cell is defined by the loss of its plasma membrane integrity. Morphologically, necrosis occurs in several forms such as coagulative necrosis, colliquative necrosis, caseating necrosis, fibrinoid necrosis, and others. Biochemically, necrosis was demonstrated to represent a number of genetically determined signalling pathways. These include (i) kinase‐mediated necroptosis, which depends on receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)‐mediated phosphorylation of the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL); (ii) gasdermin‐mediated necrosis downstream of inflammasomes, also referred to as pyroptosis; and (iii) an iron‐catalysed mechanism of highly specific lipid peroxidation named ferroptosis. Given the molecular understanding of the nature of these pathways, specific antibodies may allow direct detection of regulated necrosis and correlation with morphological features. Necroptosis can be specifically detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence employing antibodies to phosphorylated MLKL. Likewise, it is possible to generate cleavage‐specific antibodies against epitopes in gasdermin protein family members. In ferroptosis, however, specific detection requires quantification of oxidative lipids by mass spectrometry (oxylipidomics). Together with classical cell death markers, such as TUNEL staining and detection of cleaved caspase‐3 in apoptotic cells, the extension of the arsenal of necrosis markers will allow pathological detection of specific molecular pathways rather than isolated morphological descriptions. These novel pieces of information will be extraordinarily helpful for clinicians as inhibitors of necroptosis (necrostatins), ferroptosis (ferrostatins), and inflammasomes have emerged in clinical trials. Anatomical pathologists should embrace these novel ancillary tests and the concepts behind them and test their impact on diagnostic precision, prognostication, and the prediction of response to the upcoming anti‐necrotic therapies. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of styrene addition on chemically induced grafting of 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride onto low‐density polyethylene for anion exchange membrane preparation
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Huang Di , Hwang Jiann‐Yang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnion exchange membranes were prepared from graft polymerization of 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride on low‐density polyethylene matrix and subsequent amination with trimethylamine solution. The graft polymerization was initiated by benzoyl peroxide instead of gamma ray radiation. The resulting membranes had insufficient anion exchange functional groups; however, this could be enhanced by adding 10% styrene to 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride in a graft polymerization reaction. Further addition of styrene resulted in a decrease of the ion exchange capacity of anion exchange membranes due to competition with 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride in graft polymerization onto polyethylene. These were evidenced by analytical titration, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The Short‐chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Engineering Database (SDRED): A classification and analysis system for a highly diverse enzyme family
Authors: Gräff Maike , Buchholz Patrick C.F. , Stockinger Peter , Bommarius Bettina , Bommarius Andreas S. , Pleiss Jürgen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Short‐chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases Engineering Database (SDRED) covers one of the largest known protein families (168 150 proteins). Assignment to the superfamilies of Classical and Extended SDRs was achieved by global sequence similarity and by identification of family‐specific sequence motifs. Two standard numbering schemes were established for Classical and Extended SDRs that allow for the determination of conserved amino acid residues, such as cofactor specificity determining positions or superfamily specific sequence motifs. The comprehensive sequence dataset of the SDRED facilitates the refinement of family‐specific sequence motifs. The glycine‐rich motifs for Classical and Extended SDRs were refined to improve the precision of superfamily classification. In each superfamily, the majority of sequences formed a tightly connected sequence network and belonged to a large homologous family. Despite their different sequence motifs and their different sequence length, the two sequence networks of Classical and Extended SDRs are not separate, but connected by edges at a threshold of 40% sequence similarity, indicating that all SDRs belong to a large, connected network. The SDRED is accessible at https://sdred.biocatnet.de/.
Nonrepetitive trajectory tracking for nonlinear autonomous agents with asymmetric output constraints using parametric iterative learning control
Authors: Jin Xu 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we present a novel parametric iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm to deal with trajectory tracking problems for a class of nonlinear autonomous agents that are subject to actuator faults. Unlike most of the ILC literature, the desired trajectories in this work can be iteration dependent, and the initial position of the agent in each iteration can be random. Both parametric and nonparametric system unknowns and uncertainties, in particular the control input gain functions that are not fully known, are considered. A new type of universal barrier functions is proposed to guarantee the satisfaction of asymmetric constraint requirements, feasibility of the controller, and prescribed tracking performance. We show that under the proposed algorithm, the distance and angle tracking errors can uniformly converge to an arbitrarily small positive number and zero, respectively, over the iteration domain, beyond a small user‐prescribed initial time interval in each iteration. A numerical simulation is presented in the end to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Sebacic acid as corrosion inhibitor for hot‐dip galvanized (HDG) steel in 0.1 M NaCl
Authors: Fedel Michele , Poelman Mireille , Olivier Marjorie , Deflorian Flavio 
Published: February 2019

The potential of sebacic acid as a corrosion inhibitor for hot‐dip galvanized steel in 0.1 M NaCl solution has been investigated. Different concentrations of the organic acid have been tested in order to understand the inhibition mechanism of the compound. The electrochemical test revealed a competitive mechanism between the dissolution of the metal in the acidified solution and the inhibition provided by the dicarboxylic species. The formation of a whitish layer consisting of zinc carboxylates and corrosion products was proved by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation combined with Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis. A bidentate bridging coordination between the Zn(II) and the carboxylic species is suggested.
Hollow Nanospheres of Co/N‐C Composite as an Efficient Nonprecious Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xiao Zhourong , Zou Yang , Li Yueting , Hou Fang , Guo Mengya , Wang Li , Zhang Xiangwen , Li Guozhu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHollow nanospheres of Co/N−C composite have been synthesized using silica spheres with solid core and mesoporous shell (SCMS) as hard template and cobalt protoporphyrin as the precursor of C, N and Co by carbonization and etching. With the doping of only 0.68% Co into the hollow composite, activity and selectivity of ORR have been greatly facilitated. Moreover, hollow Co/N−C composite displays good electrochemical durability and tolerance to methanol crossover effect. The excellent catalytic performance of hollow Co/N−C nanospheres towards ORR can be ascribed to their unique hollow structure with mesopores, homogeneously distribution of Co nanoparticles, and suitable doping of N into carbon.
Impact of Interfacial Electron Transfer on Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Doped Graphene
Authors: Zhi Xing , Jiao Yan , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEffective electrocatalysts are required for the CO2 reduction reaction (CRR), while the factors that can impact their catalytic activity are yet to be discovered. In this article, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is used to investigate the feasibility of regulating its CRR catalytic performance by interfacial electron transfer. A series of g‐C3N4/graphene with and without heteroatom doping (C3N4/XG, XG = BG, NG, OG, PG, G) is comprehensively evaluated for CRR through computational methods. Variable adsorption energetics and electronic structures are observed among different doping cases, demonstrating that a higher catalytic activity originates from more interfacial electron transfer. An activity trend is obtained to show the best catalytic performance of CRR to methane on C3N4/XG with an overpotential of 0.45 V (i.e., −0.28 V vs reverse hydrogen electrode [RHE]). Such a low overpotential has never been achieved on any previously reported metallic CRR electrocatalysts, therefore indicating the availability of C3N4/XG for CO2 reduction and the applicability of electron transfer modulation to improve CRR catalytic performance.
Air‐Stable Polyphosphazene‐Functionalized Few‐Layer Black Phosphorene for Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins
Authors: Qiu Shuilai , Zhou Yifan , Zhou Xia , Zhang Tao , Wang Chenyu , Yuen Richard K. K. , Hu Weizhao , Hu Yuan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSimilar to graphene, few‐layer black phosphorus (BP) features thermal stability, mechanical properties, and characteristic dimension effects, which has potential as a new member of nanofillers for fabricating polymer nanocomposites. Herein, a cross‐linked polyphosphazene‐functionalized BP (BP‐PZN) is developed with abundant –NH2 groups via a one‐pot polycondensation of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene on the surface of BP nanosheets. Whereafter, the resulting BP‐PZN is incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) to study the flame‐retardant property and smoke suppression performance. Cone results show that the introduction of 2 wt% BP‐PZN distinctly improves the flame‐retardant property of EP, for instance, 59.4% decrease in peak heat release rate and 63.6% reduction in total heat release. The diffusion of pyrolysis products from EP during combustion is obviously suppressed after incorporating the BP‐PZN nanosheets. Meanwhile, the EP/BP‐PZN nanocomposites exhibit air stability after exposure to ambient conditions for four months. The air stability of the BP nanosheets in EP matrix is assigned to surface wrapping by PZN and embedded in the polymer matrix as dual protection. As a new member of the 2D nanomaterials, BP nanosheets have potential to be a new choice for fabricating high‐performance nanocomposites.
A Simple and Scalable Route to Synthesize CoxCu1−xCo2O4@CoyCu1−yCo2O4 Yolk–Shell Microspheres, A High‐Performance Catalyst to Hydrolyze Ammonia Borane for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Lu Dongsheng , Li Junhao , Lin Chaohui , Liao Jinyun , Feng Yufa , Ding Zitian , Li Zhiwei , Liu Quanbing , Li Hao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractYolk–shell structured micro/nano‐sized materials have broad and important applications in different areas due to their unique spatial configurations. In this study, yolk–shell structured Co3O4@Co3O4 is prepared using a simple and scalable hydrothermal reaction, followed by a calcination process. Then, CoxCu1−xCo2O4@CoyCu1−yCo2O4 microspheres are synthesized via adsorption and calcination processes using the as‐prepared Co3O4@Co3O4 as the precursor. A possible formation mechanism of the yolk–shell structures is proposed based on the characterization results, which is different from those of yolk–shell structures in previous study. For the first time, the catalytic activity of yolk–shell structured catalysts in ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis is studied. It is discovered that the yolk–shell structured CoxCu1−xCo2O4@CoyCu1−yCo2O4 microspheres exhibit high performance with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 81.8 molhydrogen min−1 molcat−1. This is one of the highest TOF values reported for a noble‐metal‐free catalyst in the literature. Additionally, the yolk–shell structured CoxCu1−xCo2O4@CoyCu1−yCo2O4 microspheres are highly stable and reusable. These yolk–shell structured CoxCu1−xCo2O4@CoyCu1−yCo2O4 microsphere is a promising catalyst candidate in AB hydrolysis considering the excellent catalytic behavior and low cost.
Dual‐Ion Electrochemical Deionization System with Binder‐Free Aerogel Electrodes
Authors: Zhao Weiyun , Ding Meng , Guo Lu , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDesalination devices such as capacitive deionization (CDI) have been developed for many years as an approach to relief freshwater shortage. However, due to the limitation of physical adsorption capacity of CDI, the salt removal capacity is unable to reach high value. To enhance the desalination capacity effectively, battery materials are employed to fabricate a dual‐ion electrochemical deionization (DEDI) device. Herein, a binder‐free DEDI system with two free‐standing aerogel electrodes is reported. A Na3V2(PO4)3/graphene hybrid aerogel is used as sodium electrode and a AgCl/graphene hybrid aerogel is used as chloride electrode. With electric current passing through, sodium and chloride ions are released or absorbed by two aerogel electrodes. This system achieves super high desalination capacity, excellent cycling stability, and rapid desalination rate. The desalination capacity is as high as 107.5 mg g−1 after 50 cycles with the current density of 100 mA g−1. The outstanding desalination performance of this system shows a synergistic effect of combining battery materials with graphene for deionization and promises a new potential alternative of future desalination design.
Test activities in the continuous integration and delivery pipeline
Authors: Mårtensson Torvald , Ståhl Daniel , Bosch Jan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBased on 25 interviews with participants from four case study companies that develop large‐scale software embedded systems, this paper presents the Test Activity Stakeholders (TAS) model. The TAS model shows how the continuous integration and delivery pipeline can be designed to include test activities that support four stakeholder interests: “Check changes,” “Secure stability,” “Measure progress,” and “Verify compliance.” The model is developed to show how each of the stakeholder interests are best supported by unit/component tests or system tests, by automated testing or manual testing and by tests executed in simulated environments or on real hardware. The TAS model may serve as a starting point for companies when evaluating and designing their continuous integration and delivery pipeline. The validation of the TAS model included twelve individuals from three case study companies. The validation showed that the TAS model is actionable and useful in practice, enabling the identification of stakeholders and showing where improvement efforts should be focused in order to support all stakeholder interests in the continuous integration and delivery pipeline.