bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Factors Influencing the Viability of Automatic Acoustic Analysis of Child Speech
Authors: Knowles Thea , Clayards Meghan , Sonderegger Morgan 
Published: September 2018

PurposeHeterogeneous child speech was force-aligned to investigate whether (a) manipulating specific parameters could improve alignment accuracy and (b) forced alignment could be used to replicate published results on acoustic characteristics of /s/ production by children.MethodIn Part 1, child speech from 2 corpora was force-aligned with a trainable aligner (Prosodylab-Aligner) under different conditions that systematically manipulated input training data and the type of transcription used. Alignment accuracy was determined by comparing hand and automatic alignments as to how often they overlapped (%-Match) and absolute differences in duration and boundary placements. Using mixed-effects regression, accuracy was modeled as a function of alignment conditions, as well as segment and child age. In Part 2, forced alignments derived from a subset of the alignment conditions in Part 1 were used to extract spectral center of gravity of /s/ productions from young children. These findings were compared to published results that used manual alignments of the same data.ResultsOverall, the results of Part 1 demonstrated that using training data more similar to the data to be aligned as well as phonetic transcription led to improvements in alignment accuracy. Speech from older children was aligned more accurately than younger children. In Part 2, /s/ center of gravity extracted from force-aligned segments was found to diverge in the speech of male and female children, replicating the pattern found in previous work using manually aligned segments. This was true even for the least accurate forced alignment method.ConclusionsAlignment accuracy of child speech can be improved by using more specific training and transcription. However, poor alignment accuracy was not found to impede acoustic analysis of /s/ produced by even very young children. Thus, forced alignment presents a useful tool for the analysis of child speech.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7070105
Negative Etiketten
Authors: Illichmann Ulrike 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDiskriminierung und Vorurteile gegenüber psychisch Erkrankten gibt es seit Menschengedenken an. Dass auch in unserer modernen und aufgeklärten
Industriegesellschaft psychisch kranke Menschen immer noch stigmatisiert werden, konnte unsere Autorin beim Besuch einer Institution der Eingliederungshilfe
feststellen. Untermauert wurde dieser Eindruck durch Interviews mit Klienten und Pflegenden.
Fallstricke bei der Diabetesdiagnostik: Wird zu lax mit Laborwerten umgegangen?
Authors: Landgraf Rüdiger , Nauck Matthias , Freckmann Guido , Müller Ulrich , Heinemann Lutz , Kellerer Monika , Müller-Wieland Dirk 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Diabetesdiagnose zeigt viele präanalytische und analytische Probleme. Nüchtern-Glukose (NG), orale Glukosetoleranztest (oGTT) und HbA1c haben Vor- und Nachteile und sind nicht gleichwertig in ihrer diagnostischen Aussagekraft. Der oGTT ist der empfindlichste Test, die Reproduzierbarkeit ist relativ niedrig (VK ± 15 %). Die NG entdeckt maximal 70 – 80 % der Patienten mit einem manifesten Diabetes. Die Glukose-Messung wird durch unsachgemäße Blutabnahme, intraindividuelle Glukose-Schwankungen, Fastendauer und Fehler beim oGTT verfälscht. HbA1c ist trotz IFCC-Standardisierung bei erlaubter Abweichung von ± 18 % in Ringversuchen und dem Einsatz von nicht kommutablem Ringversuchsmaterial schlecht überprüfbar. HbA1c-Analyse zeigt viele Interferenzen und ist nur begrenzt zur Diabetesdiagnose geeignet. Der Schwellenwert von HbA1c von ≥ 6,5 % (≥ 48 mmol/mol Hb) beruht nicht auf harter Evidenz. Der Aufwand bei der Diagnose (NG und/oder oGTT+HbA1c) ist bei den sich daraus ergebenden klinischen Konsequenzen minimal invasiv, zumutbar, preiswert und verhindert eine Über- und Unterdiagnostik.
Pro-Fibrogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of a Polyphenol-Enriched Fraction from Annona crassiflora in Skin Repair
Authors: de Moura Francyelle , Justino Allisson , Ferreira Bruno , Espindola Foued , Araújo Fernanda , Tomiosso Tatiana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA polyphenol-enriched fraction from Annona crassiflora fruit peel (PEF-Ac) containing chlorogenic acid, epi-catechin, procyanidins B2 and C1, quercetin-glucoside, kaempferol, and caffeoyl-glucoside was investigated for its anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and profibrogenic potential in the healing of cutaneous wounds. Four wounds were performed on the back of C57 mice and the lesions were treated with the vehicle (Vaseline and lanolin) and PEF-Ac at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6% for 4 and 7 d. Neutrophils and macrophages activities were evaluated indirectly by the activity of myeloperoxidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glycosaminidase, angiogenesis was evaluated by hemoglobin dosing and vessel count in histological sections, and collagen deposition was assessed from histological sections stained with picrosirius red. PEF-Ac demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, with reduced activities of neutrophil and macrophage in the cutaneous wounds. In addition, there was an increase in the synthesis of types I and III collagen, as well as in the percentage of wound closure, mainly after 4 d of treatment. On the other hand, PEF-Ac did not present an effective pro-angiogenic activity. A. crassiflora fruit peel showed anti-inflammatory and profibrogenic properties, indicating a promising natural source of bioactive molecules for treatment of cutaneous wounds.
Recent Advances in Copper(II)-Mediated or -Catalyzed C–H
Functionalization
Authors: Jia Xue-Shun , Yin Liang , Li Zhao-Kun 
Published: September 2018

This review summarizes recent developments in the field of copper-mediated or -catalyzed C–H functionalization. The substrate scope has been expanded from the C–H activation of aryls to more challenging alkyls. Furthermore, catalytic amounts of copper salt are sufficient to promote the challenging C–H functionalization in some cases, which represents the focus of future research.1	Introduction2	C–C Bond Formation3	C–N Bond Formation4	C–O Bond Formation5	C–Halogen Bond Formation6	C–S Bond Formation7	Conclusions and Outlook
Meta-Analysis of Potent P2Y12-ADP Receptor Antagonist Therapy Compared to Clopidogrel Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bonello Laurent , Laine Marc , Lemesle Gilles , Puymirat Etienne , Dabry Thibaut , Thuny Franck , Paganelli Franck , Aradi Daniel , Frere Corinne , Burtey Stéphane , Sibbing Dirk , Mancini Julien 
Published: September 2018

Background The clinical benefit of anti-platelet agents in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncertain. In addition, the risk–benefit ratio of potent oral P2Y12-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists (PPAs), namely, prasugrel and ticagrelor, compared with clopidogrel in CKD patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unknown.
Objective We performed a meta-analysis of all studies comparing the clinical outcomes of PPA and clopidogrel therapy in CKD patients suffering from ACS.
Methods We searched PubMed, the Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Clinical trial.org and the abstracts of international cardiology congresses from April 2000 to October 2017. Clinical studies comparing PPA with clopidogrel in ACS patients with CKD were selected. Our literature research identified five studies which were included in the meta-analysis. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) at the latest follow-up available. Secondary endpoint included bleedings.
Results We included data from three sub-group analysis of randomized clinical trials and two prospective observational studies (n = 31,234). Overall, PPAs were associated with lower rates of major cardiovascular events, with a pooled hazard ratio (pHR) of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–0.99; p = 0.03), without increased bleedings (pHR = 1.10) (95% CI: 0.95–1.27; p = 0.18). In a sensitivity analysis restricted to studies enrolling invasively managed patients, the benefit of PPA on MACE was maintained (pHR = 0.85) (95% CI: 0.77–0.93; p < 0.001), including a reduction in mortality (pHR = 0.82) (95% CI: 0.7–0.96; p = 0.016).
Conclusion Compared with clopidogrel, PPAs were associated with a reduced rate of MACE without increased bleedings in CKD patients with ACS. Among invasively managed patients, this benefit from PPA included a reduction in mortality.
Comparison of Recovery Profile of Propofol, Sevoflurane, and Desflurane Anesthesia in Transnasal Trans-sphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Tumors: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Kapil Sonia , Panda Nidhi , Samanta Sujay , Sahoo Asish Kumar 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background Smooth and early emergence is always a concern in neurosurgical patients as it prevents complication and facilitates neurological examination and immediate postoperative intervention, if necessary.
Methods A prospective randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of propofol, sevoflurane, and desflurane used for maintenance of anesthesia at the time of emergence and recovery from anesthesia in 75 patients undergoing elective trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors. We evaluated time for emergence and extubation, modified Short Orientation Memory Concentration Test (SOMCT) score, Aldrete's scores, pain score, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) score.
Results Emergence and extubation times were significantly shorter in patients receiving desflurane as compared with those receiving propofol or sevoflurane (p < 0.001). Modified SOMCT and Aldrete's scores were comparable in all the three groups with better cognitive scores in patients who received desflurane. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were comparable at emergence and extubation in all the three groups except mean airway pressure (MAP) at extubation that was higher in the desflurane group compared with propofol and sevoflurane groups (p = 0.02), which was clinically comparable. Pain and PONV scores were also comparable between the groups.
Conclusions Desflurane had shorter time to emergence and time to extubation in comparison to propofol and sevoflurane. Thus, desflurane can be used as an alternative to propofol and sevoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia in patients undergoing transnasal trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery for its excellent recovery profile after anesthesia.
The First Intrinsic Tenase Complex Inhibitor with Serine Protease Structure Offers a New Perspective in Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Latinović Zorica , Leonardi Adrijana , Kovačič Lidija , Koh Cho , Šribar Jernej , Bakija Alenka , Venkateswarlu Divi , Kini R. , Križaj Igor 
Published: September 2018

AbstractComponents of the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway, among them factor VIIIa (FVIIIa), have been recognized as suitable therapeutic targets to treat venous thromboembolism, pathological process behind two very serious cardiovascular diseases, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Here, we describe a unique glycoprotein from the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes ammodytes [Vaa]) venom, Vaa serine proteinase homolog 1 (VaaSPH-1), structurally a serine protease but without an enzymatic activity and expressing potent anticoagulant action in human blood. We demonstrated that one of its targets in the blood coagulation system is FVIIIa of the intrinsic tenase complex, where it antagonizes the binding of FIXa. Anticoagulants with such characteristics are intensively sought, as they would be much safer for medical application as the contemporary drugs, which frequently induce excessive bleeding and other complications. VaaSPH-1 is unlikely to be orally available for chronic usage as it has molecular mass of 35 kDa. However, it represents a very promising template to design low molecular mass FVIIIa-directed anticoagulant substances, based on structural features of the interaction surface between VaaSPH-1 and FVIIIa. To this end, we constructed a three-dimensional model of VaaSPH-1 bound to FVIIIa. The model exposes the 157–loop and the preceding α-helix as the most appropriate structural elements of VaaSPH-1 to be considered as a guideline to synthesize small FVIIIa-binding molecules, potential new generation of anticoagulants.
Making Endovascular Neurosurgery Safer: Role of the Neuroanesthesiologist
Authors: Sharma Megha Uppal , Ganjoo Pragati , Jain Sachin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe increasing use of endovascular technique for treating neurovascular diseases underscores the need for the neuroanesthesiologist to be aware of its potentially serious perioperative complications that can directly impact the anesthetic outcome. These unique complications, including intracranial thromboembolism, hemorrhage, and vasospasm, and significant non-neurological complications that necessitate deft handling by experienced anesthesiologists. However, anesthesia for endovascular neurosurgery is generally being managed in remote hospital locations by relatively junior anesthesiologists who are likely to underestimate the importance of these closed-cranium procedures. This review reacquaints the anesthetist with the periprocedural complications of endovascular neurosurgery that would enable their anticipation, prompt diagnosis, and effective management.
Assessment of Accuracy of Continuous Noninvasive versus Invasive Method of Hemoglobin Estimation in Patients Undergoing Pituitary Surgery
Authors: Kapoor Indu , Mahajan Charu , Mamuliya Ruhi , Prabhakar Hemanshu 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Aim Determination of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration by standard methods is time consuming, invasive, and intermittent. Noninvasive (NI) methods of Hb estimation are less time consuming, and reduce the risk of infection, number of required working personnel, and long-term costs. In this study, we aimed to find the accuracy of Hb values at various time points using noninvasive (NI) Hb monitoring and standard invasive techniques such as laboratory (LabHb) and arterial blood gas (ABG).
Methods All American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical grade I and II adult patients between 18 and 65 years of either gender undergoing pituitary surgery under general anesthesia were included over a period of 1 year. Samples were collected for Hb estimation from the arterial line (aHb) using ABG analyzer machine and LabHb using automated Hb analyzer. Simultaneously, Hb reading from the NI Hb monitor was recorded using Masimo Spot Hemoglobin Check Device. Bland–Altman plot was used to find out agreement between Hb values drawn from three different techniques. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results A total of 30 patients participated in the study. The male to female ratio was 13:17. Statistical analysis showed poor correlation between the invasive and NI methods of Hb estimation.
Conclusion NI method of Hb estimation may be successfully used in clinical practice, replacing estimation from ABG analysis or laboratory tests. However, NI method cannot replace the invasive methods of Hb estimation.
Synchronized mechanical oscillations at the cell–matrix interface in the formation of tensile tissue
Authors: Holmes David F. , Yeung Ching-Yan Chloé , Garva Richa , Zindy Egor , Taylor Susan H. , Lu Yinhui , Watson Simon , Kalson Nicholas S. , Kadler Karl E. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Cells in developing tissues tune the mechanical properties of their extracellular matrix in the face of changes in external loading to maintain a tension “set point,” but the mechanism has not been studied. We show here that the set point is an equilibrium between cell-independent stress relaxation in the matrix and nonmuscle myosin II-dependent contraction of the cell. The matrix-dependent and cell-dependent phases exhibit an oscillating tension component. Detensioning, and also retensioning, induces synchronization of mechanical oscillations between neighboring cells. We propose that mechanical oscillation at the cell–matrix interface is a key mechanism in the ability of embryonic fibroblasts to sense their mechanical environment, especially the viscoelastic state of the relaxed tendon.
Energy-dependent quenching adjusts the excitation diffusion length to regulate photosynthetic light harvesting
Authors: Bennett Doran I. G. , Fleming Graham R. , Amarnath Kapil 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Plants’ photosynthetic mechanism adjusts to fluctuations in light intensity. Intermittent bright sunlight can damage light-harvesting proteins; to preempt this, plants dissipate excess absorbed excitation energy as heat. Energy-dependent quenching (qE) of excitations occurs on the seconds to minutes timescale through conformational changes in antenna proteins. Using a multiscale model of photosystem II, we show that changes in light harvesting due to qE can be explained using a single parameter, the excitation diffusion length, which decreases as qE activates. These findings have implications for the interpretation of pulse amplitude-modulated fluorescence, a common noninvasive measurement of photosynthetic activity in leaves.
Effect of austenite stability on toughness, ductility, and work-hardening of medium-Mn steel
Authors: Qi Xiangyu , Du Linxiu , Hu Jun , Misra R. Devesh Kumar 
Published: September 2018

We elucidate here the stability of reversed austenite (RA) and its effect on mechanical properties in 0.05C–5.0Mn steel. With increased annealing temperature from 903 to 943 K, the volume fraction of RA was increased from ∼19 to ∼42%, while its stability decreased linearly because of reduced C and Mn enrichment. The tensile strength increased from 845 to 970 MPa, impact toughness at 233 K decreased from 135 to 98 J. The large volume fraction of RA with poor stability can significantly improve the work-hardening ability, but little contribution to impact toughness. The discontinuous transformation-induced plasticity effect is resulted from RA with different degree of stability because of difference in grain size and morphology. This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on Medium Manganese Steels.
Problems and innovative solutions considering “open type” bridge deck structures in old steel riveted railway bridges
Authors: Nikolova Martina , Georgiev Lazar 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
There are 331 steel bridges with total length 11201,70m in exploitation in the railway infrastructure of the Republic of Bulgaria. Significant part of those bridges is with “open type” deck including longitudinal and cross beams. The stress state of a standard bridge deck of an old steel riveted truss bridge along Sofia - Varna railway line at km 17 + 536 (representing wide class of bridges in exploitation) is analysed in this paper in accordance with the prescriptions of the Eurocode design standard. Results, obtained from different FEM (with Frame and Shell elements) indicate that the load bearing capacity of longitudinal and cross beams is significantly insufficient, which is due to increased loads and some specificity of the construction details. On the other hand there is an overage of load bearing capacity for the elements of the main truss and the effect of an innovative concept for replacement of the existing “open type” deck with new reinforced concrete plate is investigated and analyzed.
Comparison of FEM Analysis And Experimental Investigation for A 168m Long Steel Double Twin Truss Launching Gantry Subjected To Different Load And Support Conditions
Authors: Partov Doncho , Georgiev Lazar 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper describes the construction and behavior of a large steel double twin truss launching gantry with total length 168m, designed by Dr. Eng. Borislav Bankov (1912÷1992), used for erection of prestressed concrete bridge girders with span up to 60m (weight up to 220ton) along the Hemus highway, Republic of Bulgaria. It consists of two twin frame steel girders and rails on the top and on the bottom flanges for moving the special girder carrying devices. Experimental investigations are performed by the Road Agency and vertical deflections of the mentioned twin truss under different loads and support conditions are measured. 3D FEM of the existing steel twin truss launching gantry considering and neglecting the the increased axial stiffness of the lower chord at truss joint zones are developed by the authors to investigate its behavior under different load and support conditions. Results from these FEM are analyzed, compared with the test results and discussed.
Squiggle: a user-friendly two-dimensional DNA sequence visualization tool
Authors: Lee Benjamin D 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Summary
Squiggle is a software tool that automatically generates interactive web-based two-dimensional graphical representations of raw DNA sequences. Built with ease of use in mind, Squiggle implements several prior sequence visualization algorithms and introduces novel visualization methods designed to maximize human usability.

Availability and implementation
Squiggle is written in Python 3 and freely available under the permissive MIT license. The open-source code can be downloaded from github.com/Lab41/squiggle as well as the Python Package Index. The installation instructions and user guide are available at squiggle.readthedocs.org.
PySFD: comprehensive molecular insights from significant feature differences detected among many simulated ensembles
Authors: Stolzenberg Sebastian 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Many modeling analyses of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are based on a definition of states that can be (groups of) clusters of simulation frames in a feature space composed of molecular coordinates. With increasing dimension of this feature space (due to the increasing size or complexity of a simulated molecule), it becomes very difficult to cluster the underlying MD data and estimate a statistically robust model. To mitigate this “curse of dimensionality”, one can reduce the feature space, e.g., with principal component or time-lagged independent component analysis transformations, focusing the analysis on the most important modes of transitions. In practice, however, all these reduction strategies may neglect important molecular details that are susceptible to experimental verification.

Results
To recover such molecular details, I have developed PySFD (Significant Feature Differences analyzer for Python), a multi-processing software package that efficiently selects significantly different features of any user-defined feature type among potentially many different simulated state ensembles, such as meta-stable states of a Markov State Model (MSM). Applying PySFD on MSMs of an aggregate of 300 microseconds MD simulations recently performed on the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) protein, I demonstrate how this toolkit can extract and visualize valuable mechanistic information from big MD simulation data, e.g., in form of networks of dynamic interaction changes connecting functionally relevant sites of a protein complex.

Availability and implementation
PySFD is freely available under the L-GPL license at https://github.com/markovmodel/PySFD.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.