bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful management of diabetic ketoacidosis: an innovative protocol
Authors: Phillips Caroline , Sinha Ayush 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs the prevalence of diabetes increases worldwide, so the numbers of hospital admissions with patients suffering complications, such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), have risen. Morbidity and mortality are affected by delays in presentation and diagnosis, and complications of management. In March 2010, the Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) published national UK guidance on the management of DKA, which was updated in 2013. Both national and local surveys performed since have demonstrated high rates of hypoglycaemia and hypokalaemia, potentially life‐threatening complications.The West Suffolk Hospital critical care unit guideline incorporates additional safety features to avoid both hypoglycaemia and hypokalaemia, compared with the JBDS guidelines. Retrospective case note review was performed in May 2015 and May 2017 of patients admitted to the critical care unit in the preceding 18 and 15 months meeting the JBDS diagnostic criteria. Our results showed only 15% and 9% of our patients experienced hypoglycaemia, in contrast with 28% in the national DKA survey. While our incidence of hypokalaemia was similar to the national survey, adjustments to our guideline in December 2015 resulted in a marked decrease in the percentage of time spent hypokalaemic by patients on fixed rate intravenous insulin.We believe there is capacity for improvement of DKA guidelines to reduce the incidence of complications of management, and encourage adjustment of guidelines following our findings. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons.
Meeting the challenges of housebound patients with diabetes
Authors: Curtis Louise R , Price Hermione C 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAccess to health care is a major determinant of population health, yet the people who need health care the most can be the least able to access it. The housebound are typically a frail group characterised by the potential for dramatic change to their wellbeing after a seemingly minor event. Housebound people with diabetes have been found to have lower rates of access to their nine essential health checks; most notably retinal screening uptake rate is halved in this population.In response, innovative service redesigns have been described. We are establishing a local inter‐agency collaboration to provide a targeted service specifically for the housebound population with diabetes where all their diabetes care is delivered together. This shared project incorporates three GP surgeries, our local community care team, regional retinal screening provider, local volunteer drivers and befriending charities. The value of working with local charities that are embedded in the community has extended the scope of the service to address the loneliness which is often co‐existent in this expanding patient group. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons.
Glucocorticoid‐induced diabetes among people without diabetes: a literature review
Authors: Alabbood Majid , Ling Min , Ho Kenneth 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe effect of glucocorticoid on glycaemic control in people with diabetes has been studied extensively in the literature. However, data regarding its effect on glucose homeostasis in those without diabetes are sparse. This review aims to investigate the incidence of glucocorticoid‐induced diabetes among people without diabetes subjected to high‐dose glucocorticoid, to determine its associated risk factors and to examine the effect of high‐dose glucocorticoid on glucose homeostasis.Four databases (Ovid Medline, Scopus, Embase, and PubMed) were searched until August 2017 using the following MeSH terms: ‘glucocorticoid*’, ‘dexamethasone’, ‘diabetes mellitus’ and ‘incidence’. Only studies that included the use of high‐dose glucocorticoid (equivalent to 4 mg dexamethasone per day) for at least seven days in their methodology were included.Nine out of 302 identified studies were included in this review. The incidence of glucocorticoid‐induced diabetes ranged from 1–50%. Pre‐diabetes, age, cumulative dose of glucocorticoid and family history of diabetes were predictors of glucocorticoid‐induced diabetes. The use of high‐dose glucocorticoid aggravated insulin resistance.Most of the studies were retrospective, and used low‐dose glucocorticoid with a short follow‐up period. The incidence of glucocorticoid‐induced diabetes reported varies widely depending on the type, dose and duration of glucocorticoid, the underlying condition and the presence of established risk factors for diabetes. Further prospective studies testing the effect of glucocorticoid in those without pre‐existing risk factors are required to accurately estimate the incidence of glucocorticoid‐induced diabetes. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons.
The impact of different land uses in urban area on humus quality
Authors: Oktaba Lidia , Odrobińska Diana , Uzarowicz Łukasz 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Purpose
In urban areas, humus quantity and quality depend less on natural environmental factors than on anthropogenic ones. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of different land use types of urban soils on the properties of soil organic matter (SOM).

Materials and methods
Thirty-five sites involving four ways of soil use were examined: lawns, allotment gardens, fallows, and arable lands. The study was conducted in Pruszków Town in the Warsaw Agglomeration, Central Poland. Lawns and allotment gardens were located in the central part of the town, whereas fallows and arable lands were in the peripheral zones. Humus horizons, to a depth of 0–20 cm, were analyzed. Using Na-pyrophosphate extraction, we determined the soluble SOM compounds (PY), and the organic matter in the extraction residue, considered as humins (HM). In a separate extraction (with 0.05 M H2SO4), low molecular weight (LMW) humus compounds were determined. The quantity of humic acids (HA) precipitated during Na-pyrophosphate extraction was determined as well. A spectroscopic method (UV-Vis) was used to characterize HA properties. The absorption coefficients E4/E6 were calculated based on the results of absorbance measurements involving 465- and 665-nm wavelengths of UV-Vis light. Statistical analyses were performed to find similarities and differences between soils differently used in Pruszków.

Results and discussion
The dominant part of the humus in the studied soils were humins HMs. There were two times more HM in the central part of the town than that in the peripheral zones. The same observation was made for soluble humus compounds (PY). The amount of LMW fractions was similar in soils of all uses. The degree of humification was small and averaged about 30% for all soils. Fulvic acid (FA) concentrations predominated over HA concentrations in all soils. The least condensed HA occurred in the allotment gardens with an E4/E6 ratio of 5.7, whereas the most condensed HAs were present in soil on arable lands (E4/E6 ratio of 4.7).

Conclusions
The studies have shown that the type of land use affects humus properties. The main differences were found to be in the quantity of humus compounds. Soils from the central part of the town contained more stable (HM) and soluble (PY) compounds than soils in the outskirts of town. PY compounds were characterized by a simple structure. Fulvic acids (FA) dominated in all of the studied soils (low HA/FA ratio). A high E4/E6 ratio indicates low maturity of humic fractions with low molecular weight compounds.
Resilience in high‐risk adolescents of mothers with recurrent depressive disorder: The contribution of fathers
Authors: Mahedy Liam , Harold Gordon T. , Maughan Barbara , Gardner Frances , Araya Ricardo , Bevan Jones Rhys , Hammerton Gemma , Sellers Ruth , Thapar Anita , Collishaw Stephan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThis study examines the role of paternal emotional support as a resilience promoter in offspring of mothers with depression by considering the role of fathers' mental health and the quality of the couple relationship. Two hundred and sixty‐five mothers with recurrent unipolar depression, partners and adolescents from Wales were assessed. Paternal emotional support, couple relationship quality, and paternal depression were assessed at baseline; adolescent mental health symptoms were assessed using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment at follow‐up. Results showed evidence of an indirect pathway whereby couple relationship quality predicted paternal emotional support (β = −.21, 95% CI [−.34, −.08]; p = .002) which in turn predicted adolescent depression (β = −.18, 95% CI [−.33, −.04]; p = .02), but not disruptive behaviours (β = −.08, 95% CI [−.22, .07]; p = .30), after controlling for relevant confounders. The findings highlight that fathers and the broader family system play an important role in enhancing resilience to depression symptoms in at‐risk adolescents.
Doublecortin expression in CD8+ T‐cells and microglia at sites of amyloid‐β plaques: A potential role in shaping plaque pathology?
Authors: Unger Michael S. , Marschallinger Julia , Kaindl Julia , Klein Barbara , Johnson Mary , Khundakar Ahmad A. , Roßner Steffen , Heneka Michael T. , Couillard‐Despres Sebastien , Rockenstein Edward , Masliah Eliezer , Attems Johannes , Aigner Ludwig 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionOne characteristic of Alzheimer's disease is the formation of amyloid‐β plaques, which are typically linked to neuroinflammation and surrounded by inflammatory cells such as microglia and infiltrating immune cells.MethodsHere, we describe nonneurogenic doublecortin (DCX) positive cells, DCX being generally used as a marker for young immature neurons, at sites of amyloid‐β plaques in various transgenic amyloid mouse models and in human brains with plaque pathology.ResultsThe plaque‐associated DCX+ cells were not of neurogenic identity, instead most of them showed coexpression with markers for microglia (ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1) and for phagocytosis (CD68 and TREM2). Another subpopulation of plaque‐associated DCX+ cells was negative for ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 but was highly positive for the pan‐leukocyte marker CD45. These hematopoietic cells were identified as CD3‐and CD8‐positive and CD4‐negative T‐cells.DiscussionPeculiarly, the DCX+/ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1+ microglia and DCX+/CD8+ T‐cells were closely attached, suggesting that these two cell types are tightly interacting and that this interaction might shape plaque pathology.
The Colletotrichum dracaenophilum, C. magnum and C. orchidearum species complexes
Authors: Damm U. , Sato T. , Alizadeh A. , Groenewald J.Z. , Crous P.W. 
Published: April 2018

Although Glomerella glycines, Colletotrichum magnum and C. orchidearum are known as causal agents of anthracnose of soybean, Cucurbitaceae and Orchidaceae, respectively, their taxonomy remains unresolved. In preliminary analyses based on ITS,
strains of these species appear basal in Colletotrichum phylogenies, clustering close to C. cliviae, C. brevisporum and other recently described species from tropical or subtropical regions. Phylogenetic analyses (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, HIS3, ACT, TUB2)
of 102 strains previously identified as Ga. glycines, C. magnum and C. orchidearum as well as other related strains from different culture collections and studies placed these taxa in three species complexes, and distinguished at least 24 species, including 11
new species. In this study, C. magnum, C. orchidearum and C. piperis were epitypified and their taxonomy resolved, while C. cliviicola was proposed as a new name for C. cliviae. Furthermore, a sexual morph was observed for C. yunnanense,
while C. brevisporum, C. cliviicola and C. tropicicola were reported from new hosts or countries. Regarding their conidial morphology, species in the C. dracaenophilum, C. magnum and C. orchidearum species complexes are reminiscent
of C. gloeosporioides or C. boninense s. lat., and were likely to be confused with them in the past.
“Text It” program to track falls in patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia
Authors: Kamil Rebecca J. , Bakar Dara , Ehrenburg Matthew , Frankenthaler Scott , Wei Eric X. , Anson Eric , Oh Esther , Agrawal Yuri 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionFalls are a significant problem among older adults with Alzheimer's disease, leading to high rates of fracture, hospitalization, and death. Tracking falls in older adults, particularly those with cognitive impairment, is a clinical and research challenge.MethodsThis prospective pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a text message program to track falls among patients with dementia. We also compared this technique with the calendar method of fall data collection.ResultsThere was a 96% completion rate of text messaging and 100% of calendars; however, the text‐gathered data were more accurate.DiscussionA text‐messaging platform to track falls shows promise in cognitively impaired individuals.
The Rainfall Responses of Typhoon Soudelor (2015) to Radiative Processes of Cloud Species
Authors: Wang Bin , Xu Huiyan , Zhai Guoqing , Li Xiaofan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, the three‐dimensional Weather Research and Forecasting model is used to conduct sensitivity experiments of Typhoon Soudelor in 2015 to examine rainfall responses to radiative effects of cloud species. Time and model domain mean analysis shows that the radiative effects of cloud ice and snow on rainfall are significantly stronger than those of cloud water and raindrops. The peak of snow appears in the upper troposphere (9 km). The inclusion of radiative effects of snow enhances radiative cooling in the upper troposphere and suppresses radiative cooling in midtroposphere and lower troposphere. The enhanced radiative cooling in the upper troposphere and the suppressed in midmidtroposphere and lower troposphere reduce stability in the troposphere and thus enhance vertical mass divergence and associated divergence of heat flux. The increases in net condensation and rainfall correspond to the increase in release of latent heat associated with the enhancement in divergence of heat flux. The maximum of cloud ice occurs around the tropopause (11 km). The inclusion of radiative effects of cloud ice weakens radiative cooling in the upper troposphere, while it enhances radiative cooling in the lower stratosphere. The weakened radiative cooling in the upper troposphere increases stability in the troposphere and thus reduces vertical mass divergence and associated divergence of heat flux. The reductions in net condensation and rainfall correspond to the decrease in release of latent heat associated with the suppression in divergence of heat flux.
An Analysis of Current and Electric Field Pulses Associated With Upward Negative Lightning Flashes Initiated from the Säntis Tower
Authors: He Lixia , Azadifar Mohammad , Rachidi Farhad , Rubinstein Marcos , Rakov Vladimir A. , Cooray Vernon , Pavanello Davide , Xing Hongyan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe present a study on the characteristics of current and electric field pulses associated with upward lightning flashes initiated from the instrumented Säntis Tower in Switzerland. The electric field was measured 15 km from the tower. Upward flashes always begin with the initial stage composed of the upward‐leader phase and the initial‐continuous‐current (ICC) phase. Four types of current pulses are identified and analyzed in the paper: (1) return‐stroke pulses, which occur after the extinction of the ICC and are preceded by essentially no‐current time intervals; (2) mixed‐mode ICC pulses, defined as fast pulses superimposed on the ICC, which have characteristics very similar to those of return strokes and are believed to be associated with the reactivation of a decayed branch or the connection of a newly created channel to the ICC‐carrying channel at relatively small junction heights; (3) “classical” M‐component pulses superimposed on the continuing current following some return strokes; and (4) M‐component‐type ICC pulses, presumably associated with the reactivation of a decayed branch or the connection of a newly created channel to the ICC‐carrying channel at relatively large junction heights. We consider a data set consisting of 9 return‐stroke pulses, 70 mixed‐mode ICC pulses, 11 classical M‐component pulses, and 19 M‐component‐type ICC pulses (a total of 109 pulses). The salient characteristics of the current and field waveforms are analyzed. A new criterion is proposed to distinguish between mixed‐mode and M‐component‐type pulses, which is based on the current waveform features. The characteristics of M‐component‐type pulses during the initial stage are found to be similar to those of classical M‐component pulses occurring during the continuing current after some return strokes. It is also found that about 41% of mixed‐mode ICC pulses were preceded by microsecond‐scale pulses occurring in electric field records some hundreds of microseconds prior to the onset of the current, very similar to microsecond‐scale electric field pulses observed for M‐component‐type ICC pulses and which can be attributed to the junction of an in‐cloud leader channel to the current‐carrying channel to ground. Classical M‐component pulses and M‐component‐type ICC pulses tend to have larger risetimes ranging from 6.3 to 430 μs. On the other hand, return‐stroke pulses and mixed‐mode ICC pulses have current risetimes ranging from 0.5 to 28 μs. Finally, our data suggest that the 8‐μs criterion for the current risetime proposed by Flache et al. is a reasonable tool to distinguish between return strokes and classical M‐components. However, mixed‐mode ICC pulses superimposed on the ICC can sometimes have considerably longer risetimes, up to about 28 μs, as observed in this study.
The chemistry of disks around T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be stars
Authors: Agúndez Marcelino , Roueff Evelyne , Le Petit Franck , Le Bourlot Jacques 
Published: April 2018

Context.Infrared and (sub-)millimeter observations of disks around T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be stars point to a chemical differentiation, with a lower detection rate of molecules in disks around hotter stars.Aims.We aim to investigate the underlying causes of the chemical differentiation indicated by observations and perform a comparative study of the chemistry of T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be disks. This is one of the first studies to compare the chemistry in the outer regions of these two types of disk.Methods.We developed a model to compute the chemical composition of a generic protoplanetary disk, with particular attention to the photochemistry, and applied it to a T Tauri and a Herbig Ae/Be disk. We compiled cross sections and computed photodissociation and photoionization rates at each location in the disk by solving the far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiative transfer in a 1+1D approach using the Meudon PDR code and adopting observed stellar spectra.Results.The warmer disk temperatures and higher ultraviolet flux of Herbig stars compared to T Tauri stars induce some differences in the disk chemistry. In the hot inner regions, H2O, and simple organic molecules like C2H2, HCN, and CH4are predicted to be very abundant in T Tauri disks and even more in Herbig Ae/Be disks, in contrast with infrared observations that find a much lower detection rate of water and simple organics toward disks around hotter stars. In the outer regions, the model indicates that the molecules typically observed in disks, like HCN, CN, C2H, H2CO, CS, SO, and HCO+, do not have drastic abundance differences between T Tauri and Herbig Ae disks. Some species produced under the action of photochemistry, like C2H and CN, are predicted to have slightly lower abundances around Herbig Ae stars due to a narrowing of the photochemically active layer. Observations indeed suggest that these radicals are somewhat less abundant in Herbig Ae disks, although in any case, the inferred abundance differences are small, of a factor of a few at most. A clear chemical differentiation between both types of disks concerns ices. Owing to the warmer temperatures of Herbig Ae disks, one expects snow lines lying farther away from the star and a lower mass of ices compared to T Tauri disks.Conclusions.The global chemical behavior of T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be disks is quite similar. The main differences are driven by the warmer temperatures of the latter, which result in a larger reservoir or water and simple organics in the inner regions and a lower mass of ices in the outer disk.
Resolving faint structures in the debris disk around TWA 7
Authors: Olofsson J. , van Holstein R. G. , Boccaletti A. , Janson M. , Thébault P. , Gratton R. , Lazzoni C. , Kral Q. , Bayo A. , Canovas H. , Caceres C. , Ginski C. , Pinte C. , Asensio-Torres R. , Chauvin G. , Desidera S. , Henning Th. , Langlois M. , Milli J. , Schlieder J. E. , Schreiber M. R. , Augereau J.-C. , Bonnefoy M. , Buenzli E. , Brandner W. , Durkan S. , Engler N. , Feldt M. , Godoy N. , Grady C. , Hagelberg J. , Lagrange A.-M. , Lannier J. , Ligi R. , Maire A.-L. , Mawet D. , Ménard F. , Mesa D. , Mouillet D. , Peretti S. , Perrot C. , Salter G. , Schmidt T. , Sissa E. , Thalmann C. , Vigan A. , Abe L. , Feautrier P. , Le Mignant D. , Moulin T. , Pavlov A. , Rabou P. , Rousset G. , Roux A. 
Published: April 2018

Context. Debris disks are the intrinsic by-products of the star and planet formation processes. Most likely due to instrumental limitations and their natural faintness, little is known about debris disks around low mass stars, especially when it comes to spatially resolved observations.
Aims. We present new VLT/SPHERE IRDIS dual-polarization imaging (DPI) observations in which we detect the dust ring around the M2 spectral type star TWA 7. Combined with additional angular differential imaging observations we aim at a fine characterization of the debris disk and setting constraints on the presence of low-mass planets.
Methods. We modeled the SPHERE DPI observations and constrain the location of the small dust grains, as well as the spectral energy distribution of the debris disk, using the results inferred from the observations, and performed simple N-body simulations.
Results. We find that the dust density distribution peaks at ~0.72′′ (25 au), with a very shallow outer power-law slope, and that the disk has an inclination of ~13° with a position angle of ~91° east of north. We also report low signal-to-noise ratio detections of an outer belt at a distance of ~1.5′′ (~52 au) from the star, of a spiral arm in the southern side of the star, and of a possible dusty clump at 0.11′′. These findings seem to persist over timescales of at least a year. Using the intensity images, we do not detect any planets in the close vicinity of the star, but the sensitivity reaches Jovian planet mass upper limits. We find that the SED is best reproduced with an inner disk at ~0.2′′ (~7 au) and another belt at 0.72′′ (25 au).
Conclusions. We report the detections of several unexpected features in the disk around TWA 7. A yet undetected 100M⊕ planet with a semi-major axis at 20−30 au could possibly explain the outer belt as well as the spiral arm. We conclude that stellar winds are unlikely to be responsible for the spiral arm.