bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship quality and sense of coherence in dementia: Results of a European cohort study
Authors: Marques Maria J. , Woods Bob , Hopper Louise , Jelley Hannah , Irving Kate , Kerpershoek Liselot , Meyer Gabriele , Bieber Anja , Stephan Astrid , Sköldunger Anders , Sjölund Britt‐Marie , Selbaek Geir , Rosvik Janne , Zanetti Orazio , Portolani Elisa , de Vugt Marjolein , Verhey Frans , Gonçalves‐Pereira Manuel ,   on behalf of the Actifcare Consortium
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveQuality of life of people with dementia and their family carers is strongly influenced by interpersonal issues and personal resources. In this context, relationship quality (RQ) and sense of coherence (SOC) potentially protect and promote health. We aimed to identify what influences RQ in dyads of people with dementia and their carers and to examine differences in their perspectives.MethodsCross‐sectional data were used from the Actifcare cohort study of 451 community‐dwelling people with dementia and their primary carers in eight European countries. Comprehensive assessments included the Positive Affect Index (RQ) and the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (SOC).ResultsRegression analyses revealed that RQ as perceived by people with dementia was associated with carer education, stress, and spouse caregiving. RQ as perceived by carers was associated with carer stress, depression, being a spouse, social support, reported neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia, and carer SOC. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and carer stress contributed to discrepancies in RQ ratings within the dyad. The only factor associated with both individual RQ ratings and discrepancies was carer stress (negative feelings subscore). No significant differences in the overall perception of RQ were evident between spouses and adult children carers, but RQ determinants differed between the two.ConclusionsIn this European sample, carer SOC was associated with carer‐reported RQ. RQ determinants differed according to the perspective considered (person with dementia or carer) and carer subgroup. A deeper understanding of RQ and its determinants will help to tailor interventions that address these distinct perspectives and potentially improve dementia outcomes.
Liquidation with nonlinear float‐dependent price impact
Authors: Guasoni Paolo , Sanjari Ali 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper solves the infinite‐horizon optimal liquidation problem in a market with float‐dependent, nonlinear temporary price impact. The investor's value function and optimal strategy are identified as the unique classical solutions of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations. Depending on the price impact parameters, liquidation may require finite or infinite time.
Administrators, health service providers, and consumers perspectives of functions of district health‐care systems in Oromia region, Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Yesuf Elias Ali , Grill Eva , Fröschl Günter , Koller Daniela , Haile‐Mariam Damen 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe practice of functions of district health‐care systems in Ethiopia is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the perspectives of administrators, health service providers, and health‐care consumers regarding functions of district health‐care systems as currently practiced.Grounded theory approach was applied using interviews and desk review of documents. This study was set up in Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Inductive analysis of interviews was done. Interviews and document reviews were mirrored.Eleven functions of district health‐care systems emerged in this study organized by level with relationships and commonality of few activities. The 11 functions of district health‐care systems were creating capacity of health centers and health professionals for the provision of health care; creating access for the provision of health care; ensuring equitable access to health care; regulation of private health‐care providers; disaster preparedness; monitoring risk factors and diseases in the district; provision of health promotive, preventive, and curative health care for communicable diseases and maternal health conditions; monitoring intermediate outcomes of care; developing capacity of health post and villagers toward demand creation for health care; provision of maternal and child health services; and helping health posts in reaching mothers and sick individuals.
ICT solutions for the informal sector in developing economies: What can one expect?
Authors: Bhattacharya Rajesh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the dominant policy discourses, the informal sector is often treated as composed of millions of entrepreneurs who are stuck at small scales of business with low levels of productivity and incomes because of market imperfections, institutional rigidities, or regulatory bias. Technological inclusion is often considered a solution to the problem of institutional exclusion that the informal business owners face. Such policies are often based on the assumption that informal business owners behave like entrepreneurs. However, there is also an alternative view that informal business owners are forced to run businesses on their own account because they cannot find decent jobs in the formal or organized modern sector. Their skills and attitudes towards risk are very different from what we associate with entrepreneurs. Technology solutions in general—and information and communication technology (ICT) solutions in particular—are more likely to be effective in their developmental objectives, if a more nuanced and disaggregated view of the informal economy is adopted.
Preptin promotes proliferation and osteogenesis of MC3T3‐E1 cells by upregulating β‐catenin expression
Authors: Xiao Chunyuan , Li Wei , Lu Tianlin , Wang Jiayi , Han Jie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPreptin, an oligopeptide secreted by pancreatic β‐cell, plays a significant role in glycometabolism and bone metabolism. Preptin strengthens proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we explored the role of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway which is well known to affect bone development and remodelling in the function of preptin. We found that preptin promoted the cell proliferative activity and osteoblastic differentiation in osteoblast‐like MC3T3‐E1 cells in a dose‐independent manner, as evidenced by elevation in osteogenic genes, alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining in a dose‐independent manner. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that the β‐catenin expression level and runt‐related transcription factor 2, which is the key downstream target of this pathway, were increased. The Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway antagonist DKK1 abrogated the proliferative effect and differentiation function of preptin in MC3T3‐E1 cells. These data indicated that preptin may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis and that osteogenic impact of preptin in MC3T3‐E1 cells might be mediated by the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 9999(9999):1–9, 2019
Reliability of Annual Changes and Monitoring Time Intervals for Bone Strength, Size, Density, and Microarchitectural Development at the Distal Radius and Tibia in Children: A 1-Year HR-pQCT Follow-Up
Authors: Bunyamin Amy , Björkman Kelsey , Kawalilak Chantal , Hosseinitabatabaei Seyedmahdi , Teare Adrian , Johnston James , Kontulainen Saija 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) imaging, together with computational finite element analysis (FEA), offers an attractive, noninvasive tool to quantify bone strength development in pediatric studies. Evidence of annual changes and errors in repeated HR-pQCT measures is limited, and time intervals required to reliably capture changes in children's bone strength or microarchitecture have not yet been defined. Our objectives were: (1) to quantify annual changes in bone strength and microarchitectural properties; (2) to define precision errors for pediatric bone strength outcomes; (3) to characterize annual changes in contrast to pediatric precision errors; and (4) to estimate monitoring time intervals (MTIs) required to reliably characterize bone development at the distal radius and tibia. We obtained distal radius (7% of ulnar length) and tibia (8%) bone properties using HR-pQCT and FEA from 38 follow-up study participants (21 girls) at baseline (mean age 10.6 years, SD 1.7 years) and after 1 year; and from 32 precision study participants (16 girls) at baseline (mean age 11.3 years, SD 1.6 years) and after 1 week. We characterized mean annual changes (paired t tests) contrasted to pediatric precision errors (CV%RMS) and estimated MTIs. Annual increases in bone strength, total area, cortical thickness, and density ranged between 3.0% and 25.3% and 2.4% and 15.6% at the distal radius and tibia, respectively. Precision errors for all bone strength outcomes were ≤6.8% and ≤5.1% at the distal radius and tibia, respectively, and appeared lower than annual gains in bone strength at both sites. Cortical porosity decreased 19.6% at the distal radius and 6.6% at the distal tibia; these changes exceeded respective precision errors, indicating cortical bone consolidation. MTIs ranged between 0.5 years and infinity at the distal radius and 0.5 and 5.9 years at the distal tibia. Estimated MTIs suggest that pediatric bone strength, cortical bone density, and porosity development can be reliably monitored with annual measurements. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bioinspired synthesis of nanofibers on monolithic scaffolds for enzyme immobilization with enhanced loading capacity and activity recovery
Authors: Li Weiran , Shi Jiafu , Zhao Yang , Tian Yu , Huo Qian , Wu Yizhou , Zhang Shaohua , Jiang Zhongyi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe enzymatic process in continuous flow reactors has become attractive owing to the merits of in‐line purification, improved mixing and mass transfer, etc. However, the construction of continuous flow reactors requires stable and surface‐active monolithic scaffolds for enzyme immobilization.RESULTSIn this study, nanofibers of linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) are formed on the surface of poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS)‐treated cordierite honeycomb (named LPEI/PSS cordierite‐H) as monolithic scaffold for enzyme immobilization. The controlled self‐assembly of LPEI ensures the formation of nanofibers (diameters of 20–80 nm) on the surface of cordierite‐H, which roughens the surface and offers many active sites for enzyme loading. The electrostatic interaction between negatively charged enzyme and positively charged LPEI helps the enzyme firmly attach on the surface. The loading capacity of LPEI/PSS cordierite‐H was 1.24 mg g−1. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐loaded LPEI/PSS cordierite‐H (HRP@LPEI/PSS cordierite‐H) exhibited activity recovery of 55.33%, 2‐fold higher than that of HRP‐loaded branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI)/PSS cordierite‐H (HRP@BPEI/PSS cordierite‐H) (23.72%). Furthermore, a silica layer was formed on the surface of HRP@LPEI/PSS cordierite‐H through LPEI‐induced silicification, which could prevent the enzyme from deactivation under extreme conditions.CONCLUSIONThese monolithic biocatalysts have great potential for applications in wastewater treatment and even in other fields such as pharmaceutical synthesis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Abnormal lung ultrasound pattern during labor: A prospective cohort pilot study
Authors: Krawczyk Paweł , Jastrzębska Agnieszka , Sałapa Kinga , Szczeklik Wojciech , Andres Janusz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeLung ultrasound (LUS) examination is used to evaluate patients with acute respiratory failure. The physiological LUS pattern during labor in healthy parturients has not been well described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the LUS pattern in a cohort of healthy women during uncomplicated labor.MethodsWe used the 8‐point LUS assessment protocol and investigated lung sliding, A‐lines, B‐lines, interstitial syndrome, lung consolidation, and pleural effusion according to the International Consensus Document with two additional supradiaphragmatic projections. All patients were screened twice; once during the first stage of labor and again within 2 hours after delivery.ResultsWe included 24 patients in this study from February 2014 to August 2015. A total of 480 LUS records were retained for further analysis. Overall, 16 of 24 patients (67%) had at least one positive region (three or more B‐lines) during the peridelivery LUS evaluation. Interstitial syndrome was detected in five patients (21%). There were no differences in A‐line (P = 0.38) or B‐line (P = 0.68) prevalence between LUS examinations before and after delivery.ConclusionsWomen in uncomplicated labor can present abnormal LUS findings, which may affect the interpretation of LUS results in patients with respiratory deterioration. Further studies should address this topic in larger cohort of patients.
Quantification of punicalagins in commercial preparations and pomegranate cultivars, by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Mathon Caroline , Chater John M , Green Andrew , Merhaut Donald J , Mauk Peggy A , Preece John E , Larive Cynthia K 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) – a delicious fruit once used in Ayurvedic medicine – is now largely known for the antioxidant properties of its juice, which has also been considered to have health benefits against diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. These beneficial effects are associated with the fruit's high content of polyphenolic compounds. High demand and lower production levels drive pomegranate prices up, which leads to the possibility of pomegranate products being adulterated, diluted or substituted. To ensure the presence of pomegranate in various preparations labeled as containing pomegranate, a simple method was developed to screen and quantify the specific punicalagins by mass spectrometry.RESULTSThe present method was used to analyze several pure and mixed beverages from the US market, and also to quantify punicalagins in the juice of 14 pomegranate cultivars. Punicalagins were detected in all cultivars, with higher concentrations in whole fruit juices compared with aril juices. Amongst the 20 commercial beverages, punicalagins were not detected in four preparations.CONCLUSIONThe liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric method presented herein enables an easy and rapid quantification of the specific punicalagins. The latter was detected in all cultivar samples, thus supporting that punicalagin is a suitable marker of these 14 pomegranate cultivars in commercial juices. Absence of the specific marker in four commercial preparations shows the necessity of having simple and rapid methods to evaluate the presence of pomegranate in preparations. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Motivating stakeholder collaboration within the aerial adventure industry
Authors: Hansen Marcus , Fyall Alan , Spyriadis Thanasis , Rogers Dinah , Brander‐Brown Jackie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this exploratory study is to address motivations behind the formation of stakeholder collaborations within the U.S. aerial adventure industry as it seeks to improve risk management procedures and, in turn, reduce the number of accidents. The aerial adventure industry is faced with a conundrum in a bid to sustain its long‐term sustainability: How does it create an exciting and thrilling yet ultimately safe activity? The main contribution can be found in the creation of the relational resource dependency theory, a reflection of the key motivational factors behind stakeholder collaboration within the U.S. aerial adventure industry. The authors call for leadership within the industry to motivate industry‐wide collaboration.
Bioactive and Biocompatible Macroporous Scaffolds with Tunable Performances Prepared Based on 3D Printing of the Pre‐Crosslinked Sodium Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Hydrogel Ink
Authors: Liu Shuifeng , Hu Yang , Zhang Jiancheng , Bao Siqi , Xian Lin , Dong Xianming , Zheng Wenxu , Li Yiheng , Gao Huichang , Zhou Wuyi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBioactive and biocompatible porous scaffold materials with adjustable pore structures and drug delivery capability are one of the key elements in bone tissue engineering. In this work, bioactive and biocompatible sodium alginate (SA)/hydroxyapatite (HAP) macroporous scaffolds are facilely and effectively fabricated based on 3D printing of the pre‐crosslinked SA/HAP hydrogels followed by further crosslinking to improve the mechanical properties of scaffolds. The pore structures and porosity (>80%) of the porous scaffolds can be readily tailored by varying the formation conditions. Furthermore, the in vitro biomineralization tests show that the bioactivity of the porous scaffolds is effectively enhanced by the addition of HAP nanoparticles into the scaffold matrix. Furthermore, the anti‐inflammatory drug curcumin is loaded into the porous scaffolds and the in vitro release study shows the sustainable drug release function of the porous scaffolds. Moreover, mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) are cultured on the porous scaffolds, and the results of the in vitro biocompatibility experiment show that the mBMSCs can be adhered well on the porous scaffolds. All of the results suggest that the bioactive and biocompatible SA/HAP porous scaffolds have great application potential in bone tissue engineering.
Association betweenIL‐4tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of lung cancer in China
Authors: Tan Nan , Song Jiangjiang , Yan Mengdan , Wu Jiamin , Sun Yao , Xiong Zichao , Ding Yipeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn China, lung cancer is also the most commonly diagnosed cancer with a lower 5‐year survival rate, leading to high social burdens. Recently, many studies highlighted the importance of inflammation in the initiation and progression of cancer. The goal of this study was to investigate the association betweeninterleukin‐4(IL‐4, OMIM#147780) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lung cancer susceptibility.MethodsA case‐control study was conducted in a Chinese population including 199 male patients with lung cancer and 266 healthy men. Six SNPs selected from the HapMap database were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY. Genetic models and haplotype analyses were utilized to evaluate the association between SNPs and lung cancer risk.ResultsIn our findings, rs2243250 was associated with a decreased lung cancer risk under the log‐additive model (odds ratio, OR = 0.71, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.51–0.97,p = 0.030), and the G/G genotype of rs2227284 conferred a negative effect; the risk of lung cancer under the codominant (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.04–0.87,p = 0.040) and recessive models (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.04–0.88,p = 0.012) after adjusted by age.ConclusionsThese data indicated potential associations betweenIL‐4polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility. That may help to improve the understanding of the relationship between inflammation and lung cancer in the future.
Red and White Wine Lees Show Inhibitory Effects on Liver Carcinogenesis
Authors: Fernández‐Bedmar Zahira , Anter Jaouad , Alonso‐Moraga Angeles , Delgado de la Torre Pilar , Luque de Castro María Dolores , Millán‐Ruiz Yolanda , Sánchez‐Frías Marina , Guil‐Luna Silvia 
Published: February 2019

ScopeWine has shown anticarcinogenic benefits in hepatocarcinoma and polyphenols seem to be responsible for these effects. Wine lees are the sediments produced during fermentation and they endow wine with organoleptic and physicochemical properties. However, the anticarcinogenic role of these compounds is still unknown. Thus, the purpose of this work is to determine the phytochemical profiles of wine lees and then to analyze their anticarcinogenic effect and DNA methylation on a model of hepatocarcinogenesis.Methods and resultsThe phytochemical composition of lees is determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method and high‐performance liquid chromatography. An in vivo study using a diethyl nitrosamine‐hepatocarcinogenesis‐induced model is performed to investigate the hepatoprotective properties of different doses of wine lees. For the DNA methylation analysis, a bisulfite‐based method is used. Both types of lees mostly contain pyrogallol, gallic, and syringic acid with a high content of catechins in red lees. The carcinogen hypermethylates the Alu‐M2 repetitive sequence and white lees decreases the hypermethylation at all tested concentrations. Low concentration of red and white lees and high concentration of white lees significantly improve the hepatocellular architecture and decrease the mitotic index in the murine model.ConclusionThese findings suggest that wine lees are promising agents for chemoprevention of hepatocarcinoma.
Density effects of silica aerogel insulation on the performance of a graphite probe calorimeter
Authors: Bancheri Julien , Seuntjens Jan , Sarfehnia Arman , Renaud James 
Published: February 2019

PurposeWith the introduction of a novel graphite probe calorimeter, called the Aerrow, various thermal insulating materials are being explored to further improve the device. Silica‐based aerogels are proving to be an optimal material due to their low densities, small thermal conductivities, rigidity, and machinability. The aim of this work is to determine how various silica aerogel densities affect the Aerrow’s performance.MethodsPerformance concerns three areas: heat transfer from the core, the Aerrow’s beam quality dependence, and the effects of an applied magnetic field on its measurement of absorbed dose to water. A numerical heat transfer study was done to determine heat transfer time constants. The EGSnrc radiation transport toolkit was used to determine absorbed dose conversion factors which are used to quantify the Aerrow’s beam quality dependence. Dose conversion factors for Cobalt‐60 and two clinical photon beams (6 and 10 MV) were determined. Magnetic field perturbation factors are used to characterize the Aerrow’s performance under an applied magnetic field. EGSnrc with the magnetic field transport algorithm was used to determine these perturbations for a 1.5 T MR‐linac. Several aerogel densities (0.01–0.55 g ) were examined for each performance area.ResultsHeat transfer time constants were found to vary from 52 ± 2 to 117.4 ± 0.4 s. The time constants decreased with increasing aerogel density. The Aerrow’s beam quality dependence varied between 0.5% and 1%, decreasing with increasing aerogel density. Beam quality dependence was determined in the range of Co to 10 MV (58.4% ≤ ≤ 73.5%). Under an applied magnetic field, perturbations were smallest when the Aerrow was parallel to the field. Perturbations varied more so when the Aerrow was perpendicular to the magnetic field and increased with increasing aerogel density. In all cases, perturbations were less than 0.6% from unity with a relative uncertainty of 0.1%.ConclusionSilica‐based aerogels demonstrate an improved performance over thermal insulation used in previous iterations of the Aerrow. With it, the Aerrow has shown to be robust in several areas. If heat transfer can be properly corrected for in the dose determination and the parallel orientation is used under a magnetic field, then the high density aerogel is possibly more preferable.