bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyurethane rheology modifiers for organic compositions
Authors: Birjandi Nejad Hossein , Paczkowski Mark A. , Malajati Yassine , Melkowits R. Brian 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTA need exists for rheological modifiers that provide thickening for organic (oil) phases in the personal care industry. Despite such a significant need, most commercially available oil thickeners have several deficiencies, notably poor efficiency and clarity in formulations. To address this gap, we have developed a novel polyurethane‐based oil thickener (Oil‐Thickener PU) that provides significant thickening (gelation at <1 wt %) and high clarity in a range of natural oils and synthetic emollients. In this work, the structure, thickening mechanism, and viscoelastic properties of neat Oil‐Thickener PU film and Oil‐Thickener in sunflower oil gel are investigated in depth. Results show that the Oil‐Thickener PU provides thickening by forming a physically crosslinked network in oil via hydrogen bonding, resulting in a gel that is shear and temperature sensitive. Given its efficiency and uniqueness, the Oil‐Thickener PU is projected to have use in applications where a thickened organic phase is required. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46372.
Verbunddübelleisten mit Betonausbruchversagen unter Zug‐ bzw. Druckbeanspruchung – Teil 1: Finite‐Elemente‐Analyse
Authors: Claßen Martin , Bielak Jan , Hürth Dennis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDie Verbundmittel in Stahl‐Beton‐Verbundkonstruktionen müssen einen ausreichenden Widerstand gegenüber Beanspruchungen orthogonal zur Verbundfuge aufweisen, um einerseits das Abheben der Betonplatte vom Stahlträger, andererseits die gegenseitige Penetration von Stahlträger und Betongurt zu verhindern. Während in der Vergangenheit das Verankerungsverhalten von Kopfbolzendübeln umfassend untersucht und beschrieben wurde, existieren für zug‐ und druckbeanspruchte Verbunddübelleisten bisher keine systematischen Untersuchungen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird daher das Tragverhalten von Verbunddübelleisten unter Beanspruchungen orthogonal zur Verbundfuge durch nichtlineare, dreidimensionale FE‐Untersuchungen analysiert. Das anhand von Versuchen aus der Literatur verifizierte FE‐Modell wird verwendet, um die Tragmechanismen des Zusammenwirkens von Stahldübel und Beton herauszuarbeiten und bisher nicht untersuchte Einflüsse, wie die Wirkung von Querbewehrung im Betondübel und den Maßstabseffekt der Verankerungstiefe, zu klären. Im zweiten der zusammengehörenden Fachaufsätze fließen die hier gewonnenen FE‐Ergebnisse in die Entwicklung von Ingenieurmodellen und Bemessungsansätzen ein.
Verbunddübelleisten mit Betonausbruchversagen unter Zug‐ bzw. Druckbeanspruchung
Authors: Claßen Martin , Schmidt Philipp , Wieneke Katrin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDie Verbundmittel in Stahl‐Beton‐Verbundkonstruktionen müssen einen ausreichenden Widerstand gegenüber Beanspruchungen orthogonal zur Verbundfuge aufweisen, um einerseits das Abheben der Betonplatte vom Stahlträger, andererseits die gegenseitige Penetration von Stahlträger und Betongurt zu verhindern. Während für Kopfbolzen und Hinterschnittdübel das Trag‐ und Verankerungsverhalten umfassend erforscht und in DIN EN 1992‐4 geregelt ist, fehlen entsprechende Ansätze für Verbunddübelleisten bislang. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Ingenieurmodelle für das Zug‐ bzw. Drucktragverhalten von Verbunddübelleisten hergeleitet, die auf den Ergebnissen einer umfassenden FE‐Analyse basieren und in einem vorangegangenen Fachbeitrag beschrieben sind [1]. Zusätzlich wurde eine Versuchsdatenbank mit allen in der Literatur beschriebenen Zug‐ und Druckversuchen an Verbunddübelleisten erstellt. Hieran wurde das Ingenieurmodell kalibriert und durch eine statistische Auswertung gemäß Anhang D des EC0 mit Bestimmung des Teilsicherheitsbeiwerts auf das Bemessungsniveau überführt.
The integration between nonsymbolic and symbolic numbers: Evidence from an EEG study
Authors: Liu Ruizhe , Schunn Christian D. , Fiez Julie A. , Libertus Melissa E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionAdults can represent numerical information in nonsymbolic and symbolic formats and flexibly switch between the two. While some studies suggest a strong link between the two number representation systems (e.g., Piazza, Izard, Pinel, Le Bihan, & Dehaene, 2004 Neuron, 44(3), 547), other studies show evidence against the strong‐link hypothesis (e.g., Lyons, Ansari, & Beilock, 2012 Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(4), 635). This inconsistency could arise from the relation between task demands and the closeness of the link between the two number systems.MethodsWe used a passive viewing task and event‐related potentials (ERP) to examine the temporal dynamics of the implicit integration between the nonsymbolic and symbolic systems. We focused on two ERP components over posterior scalp sites that were found to be sensitive to numerical distances and ratio differences in both numerical formats: a negative component that peaks around 170 ms poststimulus (N1) and a positive component that peaks around 200 ms poststimulus (P2p). We examined adults' (n = 55) ERPs when they were passively viewing simultaneously presented dot quantities and Arabic numerals (i.e., nonsymbolic and symbolic numerical information) in the double‐digit range. For each stimulus, the nonsymbolic and symbolic content either matched or mismatched in number. We also asked each participant to estimate dot quantities in a separate behavioral task and observed that they tended to underestimate the actual dot quantities, suggesting a need to adjust the match between nonsymbolic and symbolic information to reflect the perceived quantity of the nonsymbolic information.ResultsUsing this adjustment, participants showed greater N1 and P2p amplitudes when perceived dot quantities matched Arabic numerals than when there was a mismatch. However, no differences were found between the unadjusted match and mismatch conditions.ConclusionOur findings suggest that adults rapidly integrate nonsymbolic and symbolic formats of double‐digit numbers, but evidence of such integration is best observed when the perceived (rather than veridical) dot quantity is considered.
UCA1 promotes cell proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer by targeting CREB1 sponging to miR‐590‐3p
Authors: Gu Lei , Lu Lie‐sheng , Zhou Dong‐lei , Liu Zhong‐chen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as regulators in a variety of biological processes, including carcinogenesis in human cancer. UCA1 has been reported to be upregulated in gastric cancer (GC); however, the underlying functional roles of UCA1 in GC have not been established. In the current study, we showed that UCA1 is significantly higher in GC tissues and cells compared with adjacent normal tissues and a gastric epithelium cell line, respectively. Higher UCA1 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and poor overall survival (OS) in GC patients. In vitro functional studies confirmed that UCA1 promotes cell proliferation, colony formation ability, and cell invasion in GC cells. We demonstrated that knockdown of UCA1 inhibits tumor growth in vivo. The double luciferase reporter, RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation assay, and RNA pull down assay demonstrated that miR‐590‐3p serves as a target for UCA1. UCA1 promoted cell proliferation and invasion by negatively regulating miR‐590‐3p expression. Moreover, we demonstrated that CREB1 is a downstream target of miR‐590‐3p and UCA1 activates CREB1 expression by sponging to miR‐590‐3p. Thus, these results showed that UCA1 functions as an oncogene in GC and may be a target for treatment of GC.
An incidental windsock diverticulum
Authors: Boppana Vaishnavi , Adike Abimbola , Adike Uche , Pannala Rahul 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageWindsock diverticulum is a rare anomalous finding of a true intraluminal duodenal diverticulum. While complications of bowel obstruction, bleeding, and pancreatitis may occur, most patients are asymptomatic. Surgical or endoscopic management may be pursued when complications develop.
Extended use of brentuximab vedotin before autologous stem‐cell transplantation would benefit refractory systemic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Koh Youngil 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe optimal number of brentuximab vedotin cycles in the treatment of systemic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (sALCL) prior to autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT) is unknown. This case illustrates the possible benefit of prolonged brentuximab vedotin before ASCT in sALCL and may help clinical decision‐making, especially in chemorefractory disease.
Severe pertussis in a young infant due to household transmission: the needs of pertussis vaccination boosters in Japan
Authors: Takajo Daiji , Nonoyama Shigeaki 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageHousehold is responsible for a large percentage of pertussis infection in young infants. Japanese vaccine recommendation committee does not recommend any boosters for teens and pregnant women. Because of its high vaccine effectiveness, introduction of vaccination for pregnant women is high priority to prevent pertussis infection in young infants.
Impacts of biomass production at civil airports on grassland bird conservation and aviation strike risk
Authors: Conkling Tara J. , Belant Jerrold L. , DeVault Travis L. , Martin James A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGrowing concerns about climate change, foreign oil dependency, and environmental quality have fostered interest in perennial native grasses (e.g., switchgrass [Panicum virgatum]) for bioenergy production while also maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, biomass cultivation in marginal landscapes such as airport grasslands may have detrimental effects on aviation safety as well as conservation efforts for grassland birds. In 2011–2013, we investigated effects of vegetation composition and harvest frequency on seasonal species richness and habitat use of grassland birds and modeled relative abundance, aviation risk, and conservation value of birds associated with biomass crops. Avian relative abundance was greater in switchgrass monoculture plots during the winter months, whereas Native Warm‐Season Grass (NWSG) mixed species plantings were favored by species during the breeding season. Conversely, treatment differences in aviation risk and conservation value were not biologically significant. Only 2.6% of observations included avian species of high hazard to aircraft, providing support for semi‐natural grasslands as a feasible landcover option at civil airports. Additionally, varied harvest frequencies across a mosaic of switchgrass monocultures andNWSGplots allows for biomass production with multiple vegetation structure options for grassland birds to increase seasonal avian biodiversity and habitat use.
Hygiene practices: Are they protective factors for eczema symptoms?
Authors: Ferrandiz‐Mont David , Wahyuniati Nur , Chen Hsin‐Jen , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Zanaria Tjut Mariam , Ji Dar‐Der 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionExact etiology and proper treatment of eczema are still unknown. The hygiene hypothesis and epidermal barrier dysfunction hypothesis attempted to give some plausible explanations for these issues but they still remain unclear. The identification of factors, including hygiene practices, related to eczema symptoms (ES) could shed some light on these matters. Therefore, this study aimed to determine risk factors related to ES and the ES prevalence in two disparate areas in terms of urbanization in Aceh, Indonesia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted among schoolchildren living in urban and rural Aceh. Data on ES, socio‐demographic characteristics, environmental factors, partial ablution and other hygiene related factors were collected by parental questionnaires. In addition, children's anthropometric measurements were also collected.ResultsThe prevalence of current ES in the study population was 21%. When stratifying by residency, the prevalence of ES in urban and rural area was 20.93% versus 21.05%. Partial ablution was independently associated with a reduced risk of ES (OR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.13–0.96). Important risk factors for ES were paternal history of allergic disease (OR = 4.09%; 95% CI 1.51–11.11) and belonging to the older group of schoolchildren (10–13 years old) (OR = 2.57; 95% CI 1.03–6.40).ConclusionsThere were no significant differences in the prevalence of ES between urban and rural settings, and partial ablution had a protective effect on ES. These findings support the epidermal barrier dysfunction hypothesis as a possible pathway of eczema.
Enriching the VaR framework to EEMD with an application to the European carbon market
Authors: Zhu Bangzhu , Wang Ping , Chevallier Julien , Wei Yi‐Ming , Xie Rui 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnlike common financial markets, the European carbon market is a typically heterogeneous market, characterized by multiple timescales, and affected by extreme events. The traditional value‐at‐risk (VaR) with single‐timescale fails to deal with the multi‐timescale characteristics and the effects of extreme events, which can result in the VaR overestimation for carbon market risk. To measure accurately the risk on the European carbon market, we propose an ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)‐based multiscale VaR approach. First, the EEMD algorithm is utilized to decompose the carbon price return into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with different timescales and a residue, which are modelled, respectively, using the ARMA‐Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity model to obtain their conditional variances at different timescales. Furthermore, the Iterated Cumulative Sums of Squares algorithm is employed to determine the windows of an extreme event, so as to identify the IMFs influenced by an extreme event and conduct an exponentially weighted moving average on their conditional variations. Finally, the VaRs of various IMFs and the residue are estimated to reconstruct the overall VaR, the validity of which is verified later. Then, we illustrate the results by considering several European carbon futures contracts. Compared with the traditional VaR framework with single timescale, the proposed multiscale VaR‐EEMD model can effectively reduce the influences of the heterogeneous environments (such as the influences of extreme events) and obtain a more accurate overall risk measure on the European carbon market. By acquiring the distributions of carbon market risks at different timescales, the proposed multiscale VaR‐EEMD estimation is capable of understanding the fluctuation characteristics more comprehensively, which can provide new perspectives for exploring the evolution law of the risks on the European carbon market.
Digital technologies and youth mobility in ruralZimbabwe
Authors: Gwaka Leon Tinashe 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe adoption and use of digital technologies (DTs) in rural communities have an impact on several aspects of the society. Using empirical evidence from selected villages of Beitbridge district in Zimbabwe, this study examines the relationship between DTs and youth mobility. The different types, causes, and motifs associated with youth mobilities are explored using qualitative research methods including focus group discussions and community visioning workshops. Study findings reveal challenges facing youths in trying to be mobile including social (mainly gender) inequalities. Thus, women were found to be less mobile. Lack of infrastructure was found to be another key challenge impacting youth mobility. The study however found that DTs are being adopted and this has led to virtual mobilities, which is redefining youth mobility. The opportunities and challenges of integrating virtual mobilities and physical mobilities were explored. The study findings are critical to various actors including ICT, education, and other sectors in that they show opportunities that need to be expropriated to enhance youth mobility, which is key to socio‐economic well‐being of youths, as well as the challenges that can be faced through the ubiquity of DTs.
Removal of the algal toxin microcystin‐LR in permeable coastal sediments: Physical and numerical models
Authors: Danner Kelsey M. , Mave Megan A. , Sawyer Audrey H. , Lee Seungjun , Lee Jiyoung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMicrocystin is one of the most common toxins associated with freshwater harmful algal blooms, but little is known about microcystin fate in the aquatic environment. Laboratory wave tank experiments were performed to determine whether exchange of surface water and pore water (benthic exchange) removes and dilutes microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR) at environmentally relevant concentrations in coastal waters overlying permeable sediments. Over the 100 h experiment, 60% of MC‐LR mass was removed due to interaction with sediment (via adsorption and/or biodegradation), while only 20% was removed in an experiment without sediment. The observed fate and transport of MC‐LR in sediments was adequately described with a one‐dimensional reactive transport model that uses an enhanced diffusion coefficient to represent benthic exchange of solutes. Numerical sensitivity studies showed that MC‐LR removal increases with hydraulic conductivity of sediment and wave height and decreases with water depth. For MC‐LR concentration at the WHO recreational guideline (20 ppb), sandy sediments can remove the equivalent MC‐LR mass in 1 m of surface water under typical nearshore wave conditions within tens of hours. In open water at large depths above a silty bed, removal times are much longer (on the order of weeks). Wave‐driven benthic exchange is therefore an important control on MC‐LR fate in energetic coastal areas but not in deep or calm settings where sediment–water interactions are greatly reduced. The nearshore fate of algal toxins is important to human health and socioeconomic vitality, since recreational activities and direct human exposures are concentrated along coasts.
Regularized Riesz energies of submanifolds
Authors: O'Hara Jun , Solanes Gil 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGiven a closed submanifold, or a compact regular domain, in Euclidean space, we consider the Riesz energy defined as the double integral of some power of the distance between pairs of points. When this integral diverges, we compare two different regularization techniques (Hadamard's finite part and analytic continuation), and show that they give essentially the same result. We prove that some of these energies are invariant under Möbius transformations, thus giving a generalization to higher dimensions of the Möbius energy of knots.
Real Taylor shifts and simultaneous approximation
Authors: Klaja H. , Mouze A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe are interested in the Taylor shift operator acting on the space of infinitely differentiable functions. In particular if we choose a countable family of centers of Taylor expansion, we prove that the associated family of real Taylor shifts fulfills the approximation of any given family of infinitely differentiable functions with a common subsequence of iterates applied on a common vector. We obtain similar conclusions in the context of universal series improving recent statements. Finally we introduce the notion of doubly universal Taylor shift. All these results give new and natural examples of disjoint universality.
Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) mapping by combining quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and quantitative blood oxygenation level‐dependent imaging (qBOLD)
Authors: Cho Junghun , Kee Youngwook , Spincemaille Pascal , Nguyen Thanh D. , Zhang Jingwei , Gupta Ajay , Zhang Shun , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2018

PurposeTo map the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) by estimating the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) from gradient echo imaging (GRE) using phase and magnitude of the GRE data.Theory and Methods3D multi‐echo gradient echo imaging and perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling were performed in 11 healthy subjects. CMRO2 and OEF maps were reconstructed by joint quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to process GRE phases and quantitative blood oxygen level‐dependent (qBOLD) modeling to process GRE magnitudes. Comparisons with QSM and qBOLD alone were performed using ROI analysis, paired t‐tests, and Bland‐Altman plot.ResultsThe average CMRO2 value in cortical gray matter across subjects were 140.4 ± 14.9, 134.1 ± 12.5, and 184.6 ± 17.9 μmol/100 g/min, with corresponding OEFs of 30.9 ± 3.4%, 30.0 ± 1.8%, and 40.9 ± 2.4% for methods based on QSM, qBOLD, and QSM+qBOLD, respectively. QSM+qBOLD provided the highest CMRO2 contrast between gray and white matter, more uniform OEF than QSM, and less noisy OEF than qBOLD.ConclusionQuantitative CMRO2 mapping that fits the entire complex GRE data is feasible by combining QSM analysis of phase and qBOLD analysis of magnitude.
Metformin normalizes the structural changes in glycogen preceding prediabetes in mice overexpressing neuropeptide Y in noradrenergic neurons
Authors: Ailanen Liisa , Bezborodkina Natalia N. , Virtanen Laura , Ruohonen Suvi T. , Malova Anastasia V. , Okovityi Sergey V. , Chistyakova Elizaveta Y. , Savontaus Eriika 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHepatic insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis are known therapeutic targets of metformin, but the role of hepatic glycogen in the pathogenesis of diabetes is less clear. Mouse model of neuropeptide Y (NPY) overexpression in noradrenergic neurons (OE‐NPYDβH) with a phenotype of late onset obesity, hepatosteatosis, and prediabetes was used to study early changes in glycogen structure and metabolism preceding prediabetes. Furthermore, the effect of the anti‐hyperglycemic agent, metformin (300 mg/kg/day/4 weeks in drinking water), was assessed on changes in glycogen metabolism, body weight, fat mass, and glucose tolerance. Glycogen structure was characterized by cytofluorometric analysis in isolated hepatocytes and mRNA expression of key enzymes by qPCR. OE‐NPYDβH mice displayed decreased labile glycogen fraction relative to stabile fraction (the intermediate form of glycogen) suggesting enhanced glycogen cycling. This was supported by decreased filling of glucose residues in the 10th outer tier of the glycogen molecule, which suggests accelerated glycogen phosphorylation. Metformin reduced fat mass gain in both genotypes, but glucose tolerance was improved mostly in wild‐type mice. However, metformin inhibited glycogen accumulation and normalized the ratio between glycogen structures in OE‐NPYDβH mice indicating decreased glycogen synthesis. Furthermore, the presence of glucose residues in the 11th tier together with decreased glycogen phosphorylase expression suggested inhibition of glycogen degradation. In conclusion, structural changes in glycogen of OE‐NPYDβH mice point to increased glycogen metabolism, which may predispose them to prediabetes. Metformin treatment normalizes these changes and suppresses both glycogen synthesis and phosphorylation, which may contribute to its preventive effect on the onset of diabetes.