bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The implementation of safe abortion services in Ethiopia
Authors: Bridgman‐Packer David , Kidanemariam Saba 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn 2005, a new criminal code was established to align Ethiopia's laws with its new Constitution. Following a period of intense activism and debate, abortion remained criminalized, but several significant exceptions were made, allowing for the expansion and integration of services within the public health system. The passage of the law and the establishment of technical guidelines each served as essential steps in determining the extent to which services were implemented. The integration of safe abortion services expanded the scope of practice for multiple cadres of healthcare providers, including emergency surgical officers, nurses, and health extension workers. The political will of the Ministry of Health, the research produced by the Ethiopian Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the expertise of nongovernmental organizations were essential to the implementation of services.
Implementing safe abortion in Ghana: “We must tell our story and tell it well”
Authors: Chavkin Wendy , Baffoe Peter , Awoonor‐Williams Koku 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the first years of the new century, the Ministry of Health/Ghana Health Service determined to reduce abortion‐associated morbidity and mortality by increasing access to safe care. This was accomplished by interpreting Ghana's restrictive law so that more women qualified for legal services; by framing this effort in public health terms; by bundling abortion together with contraception and postabortion care in a comprehensive package of services; and by training new cadres of health workers to provide manual vacuum aspiration and medical abortion. The Ministry of Health/Ghana Health Service convened medical and midwifery societies, nongovernmental organizations, and bilateral agencies to implement this plan, while retaining the leadership role. However, because of provider shortages, aggravated by conscientious objection, and because many still do not understand when abortion can be legally provided, some women still resort to unsafe care. Nonetheless, Ghana provides an example of the critical role of political will in redressing harms from unsafe abortion.
SecinH3 Attenuates TDP‐43 p.Q331K‐Induced Neuronal Toxicity by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Enhancing Autophagic Flux
Authors: Hu Wentao , Liu Xi , Wang Shang , Sun Guifang , Zhao Ran , Lu Hong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, adult‐onset, neurodegenerative disease. The transactivating response region DNA binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) p.Q331K mutation (TDP‐43 Q331K) has previously been identified in ALS as a disease‐causing mutation with neurotoxicity. SecinH3, a cytohesin inhibitor, has neuroprotective effects against mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) toxicity. However, whether SecinH3 protects against mutant TDP‐43 p.Q331K protein toxicity and its potential molecular mechanisms have not yet been investigated. To determine whether TDP‐43 Q331K induces neuronal toxicity, SH‐SY5Y, a human derived neuronal cell line were selected as an in vitro model of neuronal function. SH‐SY5Y cells were transiently transfected with TDP‐43 wild‐type or TDP‐43 Q331K. Remarkably, TDP‐43 Q331K induced neuronal damage via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐mediated apoptosis and the impairment of the autophagic flux. SecinH3 was demonstrated to successfully attenuate the TDP‐43 Q331K‐induced neuronal toxicity by suppressing ER stress‐mediated apoptosis and enhancing the autophagic flux. Taken together, our in vitro study provided evidence that SecinH3 exerts neuroprotective effects against TDP‐43 Q331K‐mediated neuronal toxicity and was able to elucidate its mode of action. SecinH3 could, therefore, be considered a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent of ALS. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):192–199, 2019
Implementation and early outcomes for a surgeon‐directed hepatic arterial infusion pump program for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Chakedis Jeffery , Beal Eliza W. , Sun Steven , Galo Jason , Chafitz Aaron , Davidson Gail , Reardon Joshua , Dillhoff Mary , Pawlik Timothy M. , Abdel‐Misih Sherif , Bloomston Mark , Schmidt Carl R. 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionHepatic arterial infusion pump (HAIP) therapy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is beneficial in selected patients yet wide acceptance in the oncology community is lacking.MethodsA surgeon‐led team implemented a HAIP program in 2012. Pumps were placed by laparotomy for CRLM and fluorodeoxyuridine was infused via HAIP every 28 days without systemic chemotherapy supervised by the operating surgeon.ResultsSixty patients were treated with HAIP, either in the adjuvant setting after liver resection or ablation of CRLM in 26 (43%) patients or with the unresectable disease in 34 (57%). Perioperative complications occurred in 19 (32%) and pump‐specific complications in 14 (23%) that included intrahepatic biliary stricture in one (2%). Time to liver progression was a median 9.2 months (95% CI, 3.1‐15.3 months) in unresectable patients and liver recurrence was a median 24.7 months (2.5‐46.9 months) in the adjuvant group. Estimated 3‐year overall survival from the time of HAIP placement was 64% in the adjuvant group and 37% in the unresectable group. Sarcopenia was prevalent (48%) and was associated with a worse survival (HR 2.4, 95% CI, 1.1‐5.0).ConclusionA surgeon‐led HAIP program may achieve outcomes on par with those of experienced centers and foster strong relationships between surgical and medical oncologists.
Multiscale Modeling of Silk and Silk‐Based Biomaterials—A Review
Authors: López Barreiro Diego , Yeo Jingjie , Tarakanova Anna , Martin‐Martinez Francisco J. , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSilk embodies outstanding material properties and biologically relevant functions achieved through a delicate hierarchical structure. It can be used to create high‐performance, multifunctional, and biocompatible materials through mild processes and careful rational material designs. To achieve this goal, computational modeling has proven to be a powerful platform to unravel the causes of the excellent mechanical properties of silk, to predict the properties of the biomaterials derived thereof, and to assist in devising new manufacturing strategies. Fine‐scale modeling has been done mainly through all‐atom and coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations, which offer a bottom‐up description of silk. In this work, a selection of relevant contributions of computational modeling is reviewed to understand the properties of natural silk, and to the design of silk‐based materials, especially combined with experimental methods. Future research directions are also pointed out, including approaches such as 3D printing and machine learning, that may enable a high throughput design and manufacturing of silk‐based biomaterials.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Billion Times More Active Catalysts and New Initiation Systems
Authors: Ribelli Thomas G. , Lorandi Francesca , Fantin Marco , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2018

AbstractApproaching 25 years since its invention, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is established as a powerful technique to prepare precisely defined polymeric materials. This perspective focuses on the relation between structure and activity of ATRP catalysts, and the consequent choice of the initiating system, which are paramount aspects to well‐controlled polymerizations. The ATRP mechanism is discussed, including the effect of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and side reactions affecting the catalyst. The coordination chemistry and activity of copper complexes used in ATRP are reviewed in chronological order, while emphasizing the structure–activity correlation. ATRP‐initiating systems are described, from normal ATRP to low ppm Cu systems. Most recent advancements regarding dispersed media and oxygen‐tolerant techniques are presented, as well as future opportunities that arise from progressively more active catalysts and deeper mechanistic understanding.
Levator Ani avulsion: The histological composition of this site. A cadaveric study
Authors: Da Silva Ana Sofia , Asfour Victoria , Digesu Giuseppe Alessandro , Cartwright Rufus , Fernando Ruwan , Khullar Vik 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionThe sonographic appearance of a levator muscle “avulsion” representing the literal detachment of the pubovisceral muscle (PVM) enthesis has been contested. The nature of the levator ani “avulsion” is still not fully understood. It is known, that the tensile strength of a tendon is dependent on collagen with increased synthesis of collagen occurring in tissue with increased mechanical load levels. This study aims to perform a quantitative histological evaluation of the PVM enthesis with or without the imaging finding of levator ani “avulsion” to determine if there is a difference in the proportion of muscle and collagen.MethodThree‐dimensional translabial ultrasound for PVM “avulsion” was performed on cadavers using a GE Voluson I with a 5‐9 MHz electronic probe. Cadavers were meticulously dissected to identify the presence or absence of an anatomical avulsion. The PVM enthesis was excised for further histopathological processing and treated with three different colorations. Quantitative analysis using ImageJ software was conducted to compare tissue composition in samples with or without sonographic “avulsion.” All stages were performed by two separate investigators blinded to each other's results. The results were analyzed using SPSS v24, IBM.ResultsTwenty‐three PVM enthesis with histological staining were procured. Ultrasonographic “avulsions” were seen in 5/23 PVM enthesis. No anatomical avulsions were seen. There was no difference in the overall muscle or collagen content (Kruskal‐Wallis, P = 0.864). The mean organized skeletal muscle content was 23% in the sonographic “avulsion” group versus 62% in the no “avulsion” group (Kruskall‐Walis, P = 0.02). “Avulsions” were associated with a disorganized appearance at histology.ConclusionThe tissue composition relating to the proportion of muscle and collagen was not significantly different in specimens with or without sonographic “avulsions.” However, morphological differences were observed in the organization of the muscle fibres, which requires further evaluation.
Long TE PRESS and STEAM for measuring the triglyceride glycerol CH2 protons at 3 T
Authors: Fairgrieve‐Park Logan , Fallone Clara J. , Yahya Atiyah 
Published: October 2018

The glycerol methylene proton resonances (4–4.5 parts per million, ppm), which arise from the triglyceride backbone, are relevant to fat composition assessment and can be measured with proton MRS. The purpose of the presented work is to determine long TE (echo time) point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) values at 3 T to resolve the glycerol resonances from that of overlapping water. The response of the glycerol methylene protons of nine edible oils as a function of PRESS and STEAM TE (mixing time, TM = 20 ms) was investigated. In addition, high resolution NMR spectra of the oils were acquired at 16.5 T. Long TE values where J‐coupling losses were lowest were selected, namely a TE of 180 ms for PRESS (first echo time 17 ms) and a TE of 100 ms for STEAM (mixing time 20 ms). Oil olefinic (≈5.4 ppm) to glycerol ratios were calculated from the long TE spectra and correlated with 16.5 T ratios. The two techniques yielded olefinic/glycerol ratios that correlated with 16.5 T ratios (R2 = 0.79 for PRESS and 0.90 for STEAM). The efficacy of the sequences in resolving the glycerol resonance from that of water was verified in vivo on tibial bone marrow of four healthy volunteers. In addition, the potential for using the glycerol methylene signal normalized to the methyl signal (≈0.9 ppm) to assess changes in free fatty acid content was demonstrated by measuring differences in spectra acquired from a triglyceride peanut oil phantom and from a phantom composed of a mixture of peanut oil and free fatty acid oleic acid.
Regional metabolic differences in rat prefrontal cortex measured with in vivo 1H‐MRS correlate with regional histochemical differences
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zou Yijuan , Lei Hao 
Published: October 2018

Many neurological/psychiatric disorders are associated with metabolic abnormalities in the brain observable with in vivo proton MRS (1H‐MRS). The underlying molecular/cellular mechanisms and functional correlations of such metabolic alterations, however, are yet to be understood fully. The rodent prefrontal cortex (PFC) is comprised of multiple sub‐regions with distinctive cytoarchitecture and functions, providing a good model system to study the correlations among cerebral metabolism, regional cytoarchitecture and connectivity. In this study, the metabolic profiles in two voxels containing mainly the medial PFC (mPFC) and posterior part of the cingulate cortex (pCG), respectively, were measured with single‐voxel in vivo 1H‐MRS in adult male rats. The levels of glutamine synthetase and glutamatergic synaptic proteins, including vesicular glutamate transporter 1, vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) and post‐synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), as well as the density of astrocytes, in these two regions were also compared semi‐quantitatively. It was shown that, relative to the pCG voxel, the mPFC voxel had significantly higher N‐acetyl aspartate, glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), Glx (Glu + Gln), myo‐inositol and taurine levels. The VGLUT2/PSD95 levels and astrocyte density were also higher in the mPFC voxel than in the pCG voxel. Taken together, these results indicated that regional metabolic variations in the PFC of the adult male rat may reflect regional differences in the density of astrocytes and glutamatergic terminals associated with subcortical projections. The study provided a link between the Glu concentration measured with localized in vivo 1H‐MRS and regional glutamatergic activities/connections in the rat PFC.
Intent‐based service management for heterogeneous software‐defined infrastructure domains
Authors: Davoli Gianluca , Cerroni Walter , Tomovic Slavica , Buratti Chiara , Contoli Chiara , Callegati Franco 
Published: October 2018

SummaryOne of the main challenges in delivering end‐to‐end service chains across multiple software‐defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) domains is to achieve unified management and orchestration functions. A very critical aspect is the definition of an open, vendor‐agnostic, and interoperable northbound interface (NBI) that should be as abstract as possible and decoupled from domain‐specific data and control plane technologies. In this paper, we propose a reference architecture and an intent‐based NBI for end‐to‐end service management across multiple technological domains. The general approach is tested in a heterogeneous OpenFlow/Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) SDN test bed, where the proposed solution is applied to a rather complex service provisioning scenario spanning three different technological domains: an IoT infrastructure deployment, a cloud‐based data collection, processing, and publishing platform, and a transport domain over a geographic network interconnecting the IoT domain and the data center hosting the cloud services.
Does cue processing modulate inhibition of return in a detection task?
Authors: Zhou Bin , Yang Taoxi , Bao Yan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhile the abrupt onset of a peripheral visual cue usually leads to speeded responses to following targets at the cued relative to other positions, responses are slowed if targets lag behind the cue by more than ~200 ms. This response delay is termedinhibition of return(IOR) and has been considered as a mechanism to orient behavior toward novel areas. IOR has been found in both detection and discrimination tasks with later onset in discrimination tasks, probably due to a higher processing demand. Here we examined whether the processing demand of cues can modulate IOR in the detection task. The task to the peripheral cues, either color or gap cues, was passive viewing in one session (single task) and discrimination in another session (dual task). The results showed that the time course of IOR was resistant to the cue processing, while the magnitude of IOR was increased when the processing load became larger in the dual task relative to the single task. These results indicate that IOR in target detection is both reflexive in that its temporal dynamics remain invariant, and flexible in that its magnitude is modulated by task requirement.
Inflation of type I error rates due to differential misclassification in EHR‐derived outcomes: Empirical illustration using breast cancer recurrence
Authors: Chen Yong , Wang Jianqiao , Chubak Jessica , Hubbard Rebecca A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeMany outcomes derived from electronic health records (EHR) not only are imperfect but also may suffer from exposure‐dependent differential misclassification due to variability in the quality and availability of EHR data across exposure groups. The objective of this study was to quantify the inflation of type I error rates that can result from differential outcome misclassification.MethodsWe used data on gold‐standard and EHR‐derived second breast cancers in a cohort of women with a prior breast cancer diagnosis from 1993 to 2006 enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Washington. We simulated an exposure that was independent of the true outcome status. A surrogate outcome was then simulated with varying sensitivity and specificity according to exposure status. We estimated the type I error rate for a test of association relating this exposure to the surrogate outcome, while varying outcome sensitivity and specificity in exposed individuals.ResultsType I error rates were substantially inflated above the nominal level (5%) for even modest departures from nondifferential misclassification. Holding sensitivity in exposed and unexposed groups at 85%, a difference in specificity of 10% between the exposed and unexposed (80% vs 90%) resulted in a 36% type I error rate. Type I error was inflated more by differential specificity than sensitivity.ConclusionsDifferential outcome misclassification may induce spurious findings. Researchers using EHR‐derived outcomes should use misclassification‐adjusted methods whenever possible or conduct sensitivity analyses to investigate the possibility of false‐positive findings, especially for exposures that may be related to the accuracy of outcome ascertainment.
Transcriptomic analysis of sweet potato under dehydration stress identifies candidate genes for drought tolerance
Authors: Lau Kin H. , del Rosario Herrera María , Crisovan Emily , Wu Shan , Fei Zhangjun , Khan Muhammad Awais , Buell Carol Robin , Gemenet Dorcus C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) is an important subsistence crop in Sub‐Saharan Africa, yet as for many crops, yield can be severely impacted by drought stress. Understanding the genetic mechanisms that control drought tolerance can facilitate the development of drought‐tolerant sweet potato cultivars. Here, we report an expression profiling study using the US‐bred cultivar, Beauregard, and a Ugandan landrace, Tanzania, treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to simulate drought and sampled at 24 and 48 hr after stress. At each time‐point, between 4,000 to 6,000 genes in leaf tissue were differentially expressed in each cultivar. Approximately half of these differentially expressed genes were common between the two cultivars and were enriched for Gene Ontology terms associated with drought response. Three hundred orthologs of drought tolerance genes reported in model species were identified in the Ipomoea trifida reference genome, of which 122 were differentially expressed under at least one experimental condition, constituting a list of drought tolerance candidate genes. A subset of genes was differentially regulated between Beauregard and Tanzania, representing genotype‐specific responses to drought stress. The data analyzed and reported here provide a resource for geneticists and breeders toward identifying and utilizing drought tolerance genes in sweet potato.
Ultrafast phosphazene‐promoted controlled anionic polymerization of styrenic monomers
Authors: Ntetsikas Konstantinos , Polymeropoulos George , Zapsas George , Bilalis Panayiotis , Gnanou Yves , Hadjichristidis Nikos 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe anionic polymerization of styrenic monomers with phosphazene bases as promoters, utilizing “seeding” technique in a nonpolar solvent and at room temperature was studied. In all experiments, the phosphazene base (t‐BuP4, t‐BuP2, and t‐BuP1) was added in an equimolar amount to the organolithium initiator after the formation of oligomers (2 min) by conventional anionic polymerization. When t‐BuP4 was used, the polymerization of styrene and 4‐methylstyrene was extremely fast (100 % conversion within 5 min) and the final homopolymers exhibited narrow molecular weight distribution and controlled molecular characteristics. Likewise, when weaker bases were employed, the polymerization was also controlled but showing slower reaction rate. To examine the “livingness” of this system, block copolymers were synthesized by sequential monomer addition. Further studies were conducted in order to extend this novel method to the anionic polymerization of dienes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 456–464
Spirocyclic bisphenoxides of Ge, Zr, and Sn as catalysts for ring‐expansion polymerizations of l‐ and meso‐lactide
Authors: Weidner Steffen M. , Kricheldorf Hans R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTSpirocyclic phenoxides of germanium, zirconium, and tin were prepared from 2,2′‐dihydroxybiphenyl and 2,2′‐dihydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl. Ring‐expansion polymerizations of l‐lactide are mainly studied at 160 or 180 °C. The reactivity of the catalysts increases in the order: Zr < Ge < Sn. Regardless of catalyst, the weight‐average molecular weights (Mw) never exceed 50,000 g mol−1. The resulting poly(l‐lactide)s are optically pure and have a cyclic architecture. Decreasing temperature and time favor formation of even‐numbered cycles, and at 102° cyclics, almost free of odd‐numbered rings are obtained. Analogous polymerizations of meso‐lactide give similar results >120 °C, but different results at 100 or 80 °C. Surprisingly, bell‐shaped narrow molecular weight distributions are obtained <140 °C, resembling the pattern of living polymerizations found for alcohol‐initiated polymerizations. An unusual transesterification mechanism yielding narrow distributions of odd‐numbered cycles is discovered too. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2730–2738
Practical Colorimetry of 3‐Nitro‐1,2,4‐Triazol‐5‐One
Authors: Tennant Mat , Chew Siao Chien , Krämer Tobias , Mai Nathalie , McAteer Daniel , Pons Jean‐François 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA field ready colorimetric method of quantifying the concentration of aqueous 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO), several orders of magnitude below its environmental toxicity level, has been developed. The test allows for the immediate evaluation of the level of contamination in aqueous solution without the need for analytical equipment such as high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The observed colours have been explained by the different NTO species present over the range of pH; these observations are supported by modelling and experimental results.