bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excessieve prijzen in het mededingingsrecht
Authors: Kreijger P.J. 
Published: September 2018

Excessieve prijzen in het mededingingsrecht
In het hier besproken arrest komt opnieuw een evergreen uit het (Europees) mededingingsrecht aan de orde: het (beweerd) misbruik van machtspositie in de vorm van excessieve tarieven van collectieve beheersorganisaties voor auteursrechten met een (feitelijk dan wel wettelijk verankerd) incassomonopolie. Het Hof van Justitie bevestigt dat bij toepassing van de in de Franse discothekenrechtspraak uit de jaren tachtig ontwikkelde methode van internationale tariefvergelijkingHvJ 13 juli 1989, zaak C-395/87, Tournier, ECLI:EU:C:1989:319 en HvJ 13 juli 1989, gevoegde zaken C-110/88, C-241/88 en C-242/88, Lucazeau e.a., ECLI:EU:C:1989:326. ook kan worden gebruikt als maar een beperkt aantal lidstaten in deze vergelijking wordt betrokken. Voorwaarde is dan wel dat deze lidstaten voldoende representatief zijn en er voor koopkrachtverschillen wordt gecorrigeerd. Alleen als de uit die vergelijking blijkende prijsverschillen significant en duurzaam zijn, kan sprake zijn van misbruik.HvJ 14 september 2017, zaak C-177/16, Autortiesību un komunicēšanās konsultāciju aģentūra/Latvijas Autoru apvienība tegen Konkurences padome, ECLI:EU:C:2017:689.
One‐Step Liquid Metal Transfer Printing: Toward Fabrication of Flexible Electronics on Wide Range of Substrates
Authors: Guo Rui , Tang Jianbo , Dong Shijin , Lin Ju , Wang Hongzhang , Liu Jing , Rao Wei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs soft conductive materials with high liquid fluidity, the room‐temperature liquid metal alloys (LMs) offer a superior alternative to the fabrication of flexible electronics. So far, techniques aiming at patterning LMs are seriously limited by the alloy's high surface tension and poor wettability with many substrates. Additionally, LMs based mass production with fast and efficient printing on desired target still encounters tremendous unsolved challenges. Here, a one‐step liquid metal transfer printing method with wide range substrate adaptability, comprising of polymer‐based adhesive glue, its printing machine, the LMs ink, and the soft substrate is presented. It is demonstrated that even on those substrates with weak wettability to LMs, the liquid metal transfer printing still works well to create complex conductive geometries, multilayer circuits, and large‐area conductive patterns with excellent transfer efficiency, facile fabrication process, and remarkable electrical stability, which is beneficial to quickly construct wearable electronics, 3D folding conductive structures, flexible actuators, soft robots, etc. Moreover, its advantages of self‐healing and recyclable ability make the strategy possible to prepare reconfigurable circuits and further reduce the cost of fabrication and environmental pollution. This study suggests an important way for future widespread practices of liquid metal soft functional electronics.
Fabrication of highly conductive graphene particle‐coated fiber yarns using polymeric binders through efficient coating techniques
Authors: Mohan Velram Balaji , Jayaraman Krishnan , Bhattacharyya Debes 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElectrically conductive yarns have been produced by fabricating graphene particles (both graphene nanoplatelets and reduced graphene oxide) on glass, flax, and polypropylene yarns using binding materials (epoxy resin and thermoplastic starch solution) and a dip coating process. Three different dip coating processes have been developed to identify an efficient method of coating in terms of improving electrical conductivity. Morphological study has been carried out to understand the mechanism at the interphase between binder and conductive particles, and it has been found that Van der Waals force and adhesive bonding are higher with epoxy‐based samples than those of starch‐based. Glass fiber yarns (with epoxy binder and rGO/GNP) have been identified as having the highest electrical conductivity of 0.1 S/cm.
Tetranuclear Dysprosium(III) Quintuple‐Decker Single‐Molecule Magnet Prepared Using a π‐Extended Phthalocyaninato Ligand with Two Coordination Sites
Authors: Katoh Keiichi , Morita Takaumi , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Breedlove Brian K. , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe magnetic properties and spin relaxation processes of a tetranuclear dysprosium(III) fused phthalocyaninato (Pc4−) quintuple‐decker single‐molecule magnet (SMM) (1) with non‐equivalent octa‐coordination geometries are reported. The structure of 1 is regarded as a dimer of Dy3+‐Pc triple‐decker SMMs with different magnetic relaxation characteristics, corresponding to the octa‐coordination geometry sites Dy1 with C4 symmetry (ϕ1=23°) and Dy2 with D4d symmetry (ϕ2=45°). In an Hdc of 1750 Oe and T range of 1.8–3.75 K, the quantum tunnelling of the magnetization was suppressed, and the direct process was enhanced. The effects of the coordination geometry on the spin relaxation phenomena are examined.
Homogeneously Catalyzed Synthesis of (Higher) Alcohols (C1–C4) from the Combination of CO2/CO/H2
Authors: Schmitz M. , Erken C. , Ohligschläger A. , Schnoor J.‐K. , Westhues N. F. , Klankermayer J. , Leitner W. , Liauw M. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA detailed overview for homogeneously catalyzed strategies and synthesis pathways using a combination of CO2, CO, and H2as active building blocks to selectively obtain C1–C4 alcohols is presented. Conceptual strategies applying homologation, carbonylation, hydrocarboxylation, and hydrogenation reactions will be discussed, finally combining the individual reaction approaches towards potential new pathways to the envisaged alcohol products. Also, tailored reactor concepts with adapted recycling/separation methods for the molecular catalyst systems will be shown and discussed.
Copper‐Mediated Cyanation of Aryl C—H Bond with Removable Bidenate Auxiliary Using Acetonitrile as the Cyano Source
Authors: Yu Zhengwei , Zhang Saisai , Shen Zengming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCopper‐mediated cyanation of aryl C—H bond with removable bidenate auxiliary as a directing group has been developed, in which green and cheap acetonitrile is used as the “CN” source. By switching the reaction conditions, the C—H cyanated products and N‐Ar‐phthalimides can be provided in acceptable yields with high chemoselectivity, respectively. The use of quaternary ammonium salt is essential for cyanation reaction.
Intramolecular Proton and Charge Transfer of Pyrene‐based trans‐Stilbene Salicylic Acids Applied to Detection of Aggregated Proteins
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Jun , Sandberg Alexander , Wu Xiongyu , Nyström Sofie , LeVine Harry , Konradsson Peter , Hammarström Per , Durbeej Bo , Lindgren Mikael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTwo analogues to the fluorescent amyloid probe 2,5‐bis(4′‐hydroxy‐3′‐carboxy‐styryl)benzene (X‐34) were synthesized based on the trans‐stilbene pyrene scaffold (Py1SA and Py2SA). The compounds show strikingly different emission spectra when bound to preformed Aβ1–42 fibrils. This remarkable emission difference is retained when bound to amyloid fibrils of four distinct proteins, suggesting a common binding configuration for each molecule. Density functional theory calculations show that Py1SA is twisted, while Py2SA is more planar. Still, an analysis of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of the two compounds indicates that the degree of electronic coupling between the pyrene and salicylic acid (SA) moieties is larger in Py1SA than in Py2SA. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) coupled‐charge transfer (ICT) was observed for the anionic form in polar solvents. We conclude that ICT properties of trans‐stilbene derivatives can be utilized for amyloid probe design with large changes in emission spectra and decay times from analogous chemical structures depending on the detailed physical nature of the binding site.
Can Mitochondrial DNA be CRISPRized: Pro and Contra
Authors: Loutre Romuald , Heckel Anne‐Marie , Smirnova Anna , Entelis Nina , Tarassov Ivan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMitochondria represent a chimera of macromolecules encoded either in the organellar genome, mtDNA, or in the nuclear one. If the pathway of protein targeting to different sub‐compartments of mitochondria was relatively well studied, import of small noncoding RNAs into mammalian mitochondria still awaits mechanistic explanations and its functional issues are often not understood thus raising polemics. At the same time, RNA mitochondrial import pathway has an obvious attractiveness as it appears as a unique natural mechanism permitting to address nucleic acids into the organelles. Deciphering the function(s) of imported RNAs inside the mitochondria is extremely complicated due to their relatively low abundance, which suggests their regulatory role. We previously demonstrated that mitochondrial targeting of small noncoding RNAs able to specifically anneal with the mutant mitochondrial DNA led to a decrease of the mtDNA heteroplasmy level by inhibiting mutant mtDNA replication. We then demonstrated that increasing level of expression of such antireplicative recombinant RNAs increases significantly the antireplicative effect. In this report, we present a new data investigating the possibility to establish a CRISPR‐Cas9 system targeting mtDNA exploiting of the pathway of RNA import into mitochondria. Mitochondrially addressed Cas9 versions and a set of mitochondrially targeted guide RNAs were tested in vitro and in vivo and their effect on mtDNA copy number was demonstrated. So far, the system appeared as more complicated for use than previously found for nuclear DNA, because only application of a pair of guide RNAs produced the effect of mtDNA depletion. We discuss, in a critical way, these results and put them in a broader context of polemics concerning the possibilities of manipulation of mtDNA in mammalians. The findings described here prove the potential of the RNA import pathway as a tool for studying mtDNA and for future therapy of mitochondrial disorders. © The Authors. IUBMB Life published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 70(12):1233–1239, 2018
Quantitative analysis of finasteride tablets dissolution content with non‐isotopically labeled internal standard by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhou Yanan , Dai Yandong , Zhao Zhuang , He Lan , Zhang Qingsheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPaper spray ionization, one of the ambient mass spectrometry technologies, has been developed to characterize the content of drugs in various complex matrixes including urine, whole blood, dissolution solutions, and so on. An isotopically labeled compound as internal standard is often used in quantitative paper spray ionization experiments. But high cost and difficult to access impede the application of this type of internal standards. Application of non‐isotopically labeled compounds as internal standards will make this technology more prevalent. In this paper, we explored the application of finasteride impurity as the internal standard in paper spray ionization–mass spectrometry to measure the dissolution content of finasteride tablets. The new method was optimized and the results were compared to those from high‐performance liquid chromatography. The whole analysis time was several minutes and limit of detection for finasteride was around 4.8 ng/mL. The results from paper spray ionization–mass spectrometry were similar to those from high‐performance liquid chromatography. Combination of paper spray ionization–mass spectrometry and non‐isotopically labeled internal standard renders a new method to analyze drug dissolution content with high specificity, low limit of detection, and simple sample preparation within short time period.
A Primary Care Ultrasound Fellowship: Training for Clinical Practice and Future Educators
Authors: Barron Keith R. , Wagner Michael S. , Hunt Patrick S. , Rao Victor V. , Bell Floyd E. , Abdel‐Ghani Saaid , Schrift David , Norton Duncan , Bornemann Paul H. , Haddad Robert , Hoppmann Richard A. 
Published: September 2018

As ultrasound devices become smaller, more portable, and more user friendly, there is now widespread use of this technology by physicians of all specialties, yet there are currently few structured opportunities for ultrasound education outside of emergency and critical care medicine.Anticipating the rising educational demand in the primary care specialties, the University of South Carolina School of Medicine created a primary care ultrasound fellowship in 2011, the first yearlong training program in point‐of‐care ultrasonography for graduates of internal medicine, medicine‐pediatrics, pediatrics, and family medicine residencies. This paper reviews the history of point‐of‐care ultrasonography fellowships and then provides an overview of the primary care ultrasound fellowship.
Deep inferior epigastric lymph node basin: Analysis of novel donor site for vascularized lymph node transfer among 10 consecutive patients
Authors: Ochoa Oscar , Metzner Michael , Theoharis Constantine , Chrysopoulo Minas , Pisano Steven , Nastala Chet , Ledoux Peter , Arishita Gary , Garza Ramon , Snider Ted 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionBreast cancer‐related extremity lymphedema is a potentially devastating condition. Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) has shown benefit in lymphedema treatment. Due to concerns over potential iatrogenic complications, various donor sites have been described. The current study aims at defining the deep inferior epigastric lymph node basin as a novel donor site for VLNT.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on patients undergoing routine abdominal‐based breast reconstruction. Resection of all perivascular adipose and lymphatic tissue surrounding the proximal deep inferior epigastric pedicle was performed at the time of pedicle dissection and submitted for Pathologic evaluation. Patient demographics and pertinent medical/surgical history was obtained from medical records.ResultsSpecimens were obtained from 10 consecutive patients. Seven patients underwent bilateral reconstruction for a total of 17 specimens obtained. Mean patient age and BMI were 48 years ± 9.4 and 27 ± 4.2, respectively. Fourteen out of 17 (82%) specimens contained viable lymph nodes displaying a thin fibrous connective tissue capsule overlying an unremarkable subcapsular sinus with a cortex and paracortex containing germinal centers composed of B lymphocytes, tangible body macrophages, and T‐cells. The medullary sinus space displayed a fatty unremarkable hilum. The mean number and size of lymph nodes were 2.6 ±1.2 nodes/specimen and 3.67 mm ± 2.3, respectively. All patients experienced an uneventful postoperative course without evidence any of compromised flap viability.ConclusionLacking previous description, the deep inferior epigastric lymph node basin is a readily accessible donor site with significant anatomic advantages for potential VLNT during autologous breast reconstruction.
Gradient‐echo and spin‐echo blood oxygenation level–dependent functional MRI at ultrahigh fields of 9.4 and 15.2 Tesla
Authors: Han SoHyun , Son Jeong Pyo , Cho HyungJoon , Park Jang‐Yeon , Kim Seong‐Gi 
Published: September 2018

PurposeSensitivity and specificity of blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) is sensitive to magnetic field strength and acquisition methods. We have investigated gradient‐echo (GE)‐ and spin‐echo (SE)‐BOLD fMRI at ultrahigh fields of 9.4 and 15.2 Tesla.MethodsBOLD fMRI experiments responding to forepaw stimulation were performed with 3 echo times (TE) at each echo type and B0 in α‐chloralose–anesthetized rats. The contralateral forelimb somatosensory region was selected for quantitative analyses.ResultsAt 9.4 T and 15.2 T, average baseline T2* (n = 9) was 26.6 and 17.1 msec, whereas baseline T2 value (n = 9) was 35.7 and 24.5 msec, respectively. Averaged stimulation‐induced ΔR2* was –1.72 s–1 at 9.4 T and –3.09 s–1 at 15.2 T, whereas ΔR2 was –1.19 s–1 at 9.4 T and –1.97 s–1 at 15.2 T. At the optimal TE of tissue T2* or T2, BOLD percent changes were slightly higher at 15.2 T than at 9.4 T (GE: 7.4% versus 6.4% and SE: 5.7% versus 5.4%). The ΔR2* and ΔR2 ratio of 15.2 T to 9.4 T was 1.8 and 1.66, respectively. The ratio of the macrovessel‐containing superficial to microvessel‐dominant parenchymal BOLD signal was 1.73 to 1.76 for GE‐BOLD versus 1.13 to 1.19 for SE‐BOLD, indicating that the SE‐BOLD contrast is less sensitive to macrovessels than GE‐BOLD.ConclusionSE‐BOLD fMRI improves spatial specificity to microvessels compared to GE‐BOLD at both fields. BOLD sensitivity is similar at the both fields and can be improved at ultrahigh fields only for thermal‐noise–dominant ultrahigh‐resolution fMRI.
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in human ancient skeletal remains from Late Holocene in southern Patagonia
Authors: Suby Jorge Alejandro , Giberto Diego Agustín 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLow prevalence of caries, high stages of dental attrition (DA), and moderate frequency of antemortem tooth loss (AMTL) were found in skeletal remains of hunter‐gatherers from southern Patagonia. However, osteoarthritis (OA) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), possible related to oral health, has not been studied so far. The influence of hunter‐gatherer living conditions on the development of TMJ‐OA was scarcely evaluated, and analyses of degenerative changes of TMJ in nonindustrialized groups are needed. The aim of this study is to analyse the association between degenerative changes of TMJ, oral disease, and palaeodietary patterns in skeletal remains of hunter‐gatherers from southern Patagonia. Degenerative changes of TMJ were recorded in 25 adult skulls of both sexes. Eburnation of articular eminence and/or mandibular condyle was considered as pathognomonic of OA. In the absence of eburnation, OA was diagnosed when two or more of the following lesions were identified: (a) new bone formation on joint surface, (b) new bone formation of joint margins, (c) porosity on the joint surface, and (d) modification of joint contour. In the studied skeletons, it was found that OA prevalence is 28%, similar to those observed in other hunter‐gatherer populations elsewhere. TMJ‐OA is mostly related to AMTL and older age, but no relation was found with caries and DA, sex, region, dietary patterns, and chronology. However, consumption of terrestrial resources in the diet cannot be discarded as a related factor. Further studies are necessary to explore the morphological variability of the mandible and its possible relationship with different diets and dental pathologies in these populations.
Volcanoes, medicine, and monasticism: Investigating mercury exposure in medieval Iceland
Authors: Walser Joe W. , Kristjánsdóttir Steinunn , Gowland Rebecca , Desnica Natasa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the possible use of mercury as a medical treatment at the medieval monastic hospital Skriðuklaustur (ad 1494–1554) in eastern Iceland. The individuals excavated from Skriðuklaustur exhibited a wide range of pathological conditions, including the only skeletal evidence of venereal syphilis in Iceland. Skeletal remains from the Skeljastaðir cemetery (ca. ad 1000–1104) in southern Iceland were also analysed in light of the site's proximity to the mercury emitting volcano Hekla. The eruption produced a severe toxic fallout resulting in the mass mortality of livestock and is believed to have caused the abandonment of Skeljastaðir and the other farms in the region. The skeletal analyses and sampling were conducted according to standard anthropological methods. Mercury concentrations were determined in human (n = 50), faunal (n = 23), and soil (n = 22) samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Individuals from both sites exhibited elevated mercury concentrations. At Skriðuklaustur, some individuals showed normal concentrations, but those with pathological conditions (e.g., hydatidosis, syphilis, tuberculosis, and other non‐specific infections) had the highest concentrations overall. On the other hand, all the individuals analysed from Skeljastaðir exhibited elevated mercury concentrations, some of which were remarkably high. A few of the individuals buried at Skeljastaðir post‐date the eruption, possibly indicating that some of them experienced heavy exposure to volcanic emissions. The less extreme concentrations at Skriðuklaustur may be a result of attention to dosage and the temporary nature of mercurial treatments. None of the faunal and soil samples presented with concentrations exceeding the normal limit, implying that diagenesis was not a concern in this research. The conclusion is that a variety of factors from medical treatment to scholarly work lead to mercury exposure at Skriðuklaustur, whereas at Skeljastaðir, volcanogenic emissions are implicated.
Nitrated Cross‐linked β‐Cyclodextrin Binders Exhibiting Low Glass Transition Temperatures
Authors: Luppi Federico , Cavaye Hamish , Dossi Eleftheria 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolymeric binders such as β‐cyclodextrins (βCDs) are used to bind with other constituents of energetic formulations and to prevent accidental ignition. One of the advantages of βCDs is the ability to tune their properties by chemical modification. Here, we synthesised nitrated cross‐linked βCDs (βNCXCDs) to produce new binders for energetic formulations. The cross‐linking of βCD with non‐toxic triethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (TEGDGE, X=T) and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ethers (PEGDGE, X=P) yielded soft, water soluble oligomeric compounds (βCXCDs) which can improve the processability of energetic formulations and contribute to their desensitisation. When the PEGDGE cross‐linker was used, lower glass transition temperatures were achieved, which extended the operative range of the βCPCD binder to −20 °C. The analogous nitrated systems (βNCXCDs) were therefore synthesised using a 1 : 1 (v/v) ratio of 98 % sulfuric acid/100 % nitric acid or 100 % fuming nitric acid, increasing their solubility in acetone and tetrahydrofuran. The nitrated derivatives were characterised by decomposition temperatures (200 °C) and energies (up to 1750 J g−1) comparable to nitrocellulose. Moreover, the glass transition of the inert βCXCDs at low temperatures (<0 °C) was conserved in the corresponding nitrated βNCXCDs, ensuring the desensitisation of energetic compositions even at low temperatures. This is the first time that nitrated derivatives of βCD with glass transition temperatures below 0 °C have been reported, suggesting such derivatives could make suitable replacements for nitrocellulose and other binders in energetic formulations.
Direkte Beschichtung von Zinküberzügen – Einfluss der Verzinkung
Authors: Rudolf Andrea 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIm Rahmen von Forschungsarbeiten wurde feuerverzinkter Stahl (Stückverzinkung) ohne Oberflächenvorbereitung oder ‐vorbehandlung „direkt” nach dem Verzinkungsprozess und nach unterschiedlicher Auslagerung beschichtet. Dafür kamen praxisrelevante Beschichtungssysteme mit Eignung auf verzinktem Stahl ohne Sweep‐Strahlen zum Einsatz. In Abhängigkeit von der Art des Stahls und der damit verbundenen Schichtbildung, der Art der Zinkschmelze und der Geschwindigkeit der Abkühlvorgänge zeigten die Oberflächen der verwendeten Zinküberzüge unterschiedliche Topografie und chemische Zusammensetzung. Die hohe Heterogenität der Zinkoberflächen führt zur Beeinflussung des Korrosionsschutzverhaltens von Beschichtungssystemen, wobei Zusammenhänge zwischen topografischen Effekten, dem Vorhandensein von Zinkphasen, Legierungselementen sowie Korrosionsprodukten auf der Oberfläche und den resultierenden Korrosionsschutzeigenschaften der Beschichtungen bestehen.